From b7312490bccc1091f566fd77444b4a20b5d610cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jiang Date: Sun, 23 May 2021 21:37:13 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 1/5] add semi code --- data_utils.py | 5 +- dataset/.gitignore | 1 + dataset/BC5CDR-chem/dev.json | 1 + dataset/BC5CDR-chem/dev.txt | 126615 +++ dataset/BC5CDR-chem/labels.txt | 4 + dataset/BC5CDR-chem/tag_to_id.json | 1 + dataset/BC5CDR-chem/test.json | 1 + dataset/BC5CDR-chem/test.txt | 134344 ++++ dataset/BC5CDR-chem/train.json | 1 + dataset/BC5CDR-chem/train.txt | 127290 +++ dataset/BC5CDR-chem/turn.py | 50 + dataset/BC5CDR-chem/weak.json | 1 + dataset/BC5CDR-chem/weak.txt | 1000016 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ modeling_bert.py | 53 + run_ner.py | 45 +- semi_script/README.md | 65 + semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_baseline.sh | 61 + semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_mt.sh | 65 + semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_vat.sh | 65 + 19 files changed, 1388669 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) create mode 100644 dataset/.gitignore create mode 100644 dataset/BC5CDR-chem/dev.json create mode 100644 dataset/BC5CDR-chem/dev.txt create mode 100644 dataset/BC5CDR-chem/labels.txt create mode 100644 dataset/BC5CDR-chem/tag_to_id.json create mode 100644 dataset/BC5CDR-chem/test.json create mode 100644 dataset/BC5CDR-chem/test.txt create mode 100644 dataset/BC5CDR-chem/train.json create mode 100644 dataset/BC5CDR-chem/train.txt create mode 100644 dataset/BC5CDR-chem/turn.py create mode 100644 dataset/BC5CDR-chem/weak.json create mode 100644 dataset/BC5CDR-chem/weak.txt create mode 100644 modeling_bert.py create mode 100644 semi_script/README.md create mode 100755 semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_baseline.sh create mode 100755 semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_mt.sh create mode 100755 semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_vat.sh diff --git a/data_utils.py b/data_utils.py index 22cb7c2..da6d35b 100644 --- a/data_utils.py +++ b/data_utils.py @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ def convert_examples_to_features( return features -def load_and_cache_examples(args, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id, mode): +def load_and_cache_examples(args, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id, mode, remove_labels=False): if args.local_rank not in [-1, 0] and not evaluate: torch.distributed.barrier() # Make sure only the first process in distributed training process the dataset, and the others will use the cache @@ -267,6 +267,9 @@ def load_and_cache_examples(args, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id, mode): all_label_ids = torch.tensor([f.label_ids for f in features], dtype=torch.long) all_full_label_ids = torch.tensor([f.full_label_ids for f in features], dtype=torch.long) all_hp_label_ids = torch.tensor([f.hp_label_ids for f in features], dtype=torch.long) + if remove_labels: + all_full_label_ids.fill_(pad_token_label_id) + all_hp_label_ids.fill_(pad_token_label_id) all_ids = torch.tensor([f for f in range(len(features))], dtype=torch.long) dataset = TensorDataset(all_input_ids, all_input_mask, all_segment_ids, all_label_ids, all_full_label_ids, all_hp_label_ids, all_ids) diff --git a/dataset/.gitignore b/dataset/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b72fc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/dataset/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +*/cached_* diff --git a/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/dev.json b/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/dev.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7afe854 --- /dev/null +++ b/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/dev.json @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +[{"str_words": ["22", "-", "oxacalcitriol", "suppresses", "secondary", "hyperparathyroidism", "without", "inducing", "low", "bone", "turnover", "in", "dogs", "with", "renal", "failure", "."], "tags": [1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]}, {"str_words": ["BACKGROUND", ":", "Calcitriol", "therapy", "suppresses", "serum", "levels", "of", "parathyroid", "hormone", "(", "PTH", ")", "in", "patients", "with", "renal", "failure", "but", "has", "several", "drawbacks", ",", "including", "hypercalcemia", "and", "/", "or", "marked", "suppression", "of", "bone", "turnover", ",", "which", "may", "lead", "to", "adynamic", "bone", "disease", "."], "tags": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 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O + +aps B-category +Maximal O +platelet O +aggregation O +induced O +by O +6 O +microM O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +diphosphate I-Chemical +decreased O +after O +administration O +of O +ketoprofen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Aggregation O +was O +lower O +( O +P O +< O +. O +05 O +) O +in O +the O +ketoprofen B-Chemical +group O +than O +in O +the O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +group O +just O +before O +surgery O +and O +on O +the O +third O +postoperative O +day O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast O +, O +maximal O +platelet O +aggregation O +increased O +in O +the O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +group O +on O +the O +third O +postoperative O +day O +as O +compared O +with O +the O +pretreatment O +platelet O +aggregation O +results O +( O +P O +< O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +patient O +in O +the O +ketoprofen B-Chemical +group O +developed O +a O +postoperative O +intracranial O +hematoma O +. O + +aps B-category +Coagulation O +( O +prothrombin O +time O +[ O +PT O +] O +, O +activated O +partial O +thromboplastin O +time O +[ O +APPT O +] O +, O +fibrinogen O +concentration O +, O +and O +antithrombin O +III O +[ O +AT O +III O +] O +) O +was O +comparable O +between O +the O +two O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Ketoprofen B-Chemical +but O +not O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +impaired O +platelet O +function O +in O +patients O +with O +SAH O +. O + +aps B-category +If O +ketoprofen B-Chemical +is O +used O +before O +surgery O +on O +cerebral O +artery O +aneurysms O +, O +it O +may O +pose O +an O +additional O +risk O +factor O +for O +hemorrhage O +. O + +aps B-category +Nitric B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +synthase O +expression O +in O +the O +course O +of O +lead B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypertension O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Male O +Sprague O +- O +Dawley O +rats O +were O +randomly O +assigned O +to O +a O +lead B-Chemical +- O +treated O +group O +( O +given O +lead B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +, O +100 O +ppm O +, O +in O +drinking O +water O +and O +regular O +rat O +chow O +) O +, O +a O +group O +given O +lead B-Chemical +and O +vitamin B-Chemical +E I-Chemical +- O +fortified O +chow O +, O +or O +a O +normal O +control O +group O +given O +either O +regular O +food O +and O +water O +or O +vitamin B-Chemical +E I-Chemical +- O +fortified O +food O +for O +12 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +Tail O +blood O +pressure O +, O +urinary O +NOx O +excretion O +, O +plasma O +malondialdehyde B-Chemical +( O +MDA B-Chemical +) O +, O +and O +endothelial O +and O +inducible O +NOS O +( O +eNOS O +and O +iNOS O +) O +isotypes O +in O +the O +aorta O +and O +kidney O +were O +measured O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +controls O +, O +the O +GTN B-Chemical +- O +induced O +headache O +gradually O +disappeared O +, O +whereas O +in O +migraineurs O +peak O +headache O +intensity O +occurred O +at O +a O +mean O +time O +of O +240 O +min O +post O +- O +infusion O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +this O +time O +the O +induced O +headache O +in O +6 O +of O +12 O +migraineurs O +fulfilled O +the O +diagnostic O +criteria O +for O +migraine O +without O +aura O +of O +the O +International O +Headache O +Society O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +therefore O +suggest O +that O +NO B-Chemical +is O +involved O +in O +the O +pain O +mechanisms O +of O +migraine O +with O +aura O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +cortical O +spreading O +depression O +has O +been O +shown O +to O +liberate O +NO B-Chemical +in O +animals O +, O +this O +finding O +may O +help O +our O +understanding O +of O +the O +coupling O +between O +cortical O +spreading O +depression O +and O +headache O +in O +migraine O +with O +aura O +. O + +aps B-category +Rapid O +reversal O +of O +life O +- O +threatening O +diltiazem B-Chemical +- O +induced O +tetany O +with O +calcium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +a O +patient O +who O +developed O +tetany O +with O +sudden O +respiratory O +arrest O +after O +the O +infusion O +of O +intravenous O +diltiazem B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +administration O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +rapidly O +resolved O +the O +patient O +' O +s O +tetany O +with O +prompt O +recovery O +of O +respiratory O +function O +, O +averting O +the O +need O +for O +more O +aggressive O +airway O +management O +and O +ventilatory O +support O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +emergency O +physician O +should O +be O +aware O +that O +life O +- O +threatening O +tetany O +may O +accompany O +the O +administration O +of O +intravenous O +diltiazem B-Chemical +and O +that O +calcium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +may O +be O +a O +rapid O +and O +effective O +remedy O +. O + +aps B-category +Predictors O +of O +decreased O +renal O +function O +in O +patients O +with O +heart O +failure O +during O +angiotensin B-Chemical +- O +converting O +enzyme O +inhibitor O +therapy O +: O +results O +from O +the O +studies O +of O +left O +ventricular O +dysfunction O +( O +SOLVD O +) O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Although O +angiotensin B-Chemical +- O +converting O +enzyme O +inhibitor O +therapy O +reduces O +mortality O +rates O +in O +patients O +with O +congestive O +heart O +failure O +( O +CHF O +) O +, O +it O +may O +also O +cause O +decreased O +renal O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +Little O +information O +is O +available O +to O +predict O +which O +patients O +are O +at O +highest O +risk O +for O +this O +complication O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +quantify O +specific O +clinical O +predictors O +of O +reduction O +in O +renal O +function O +in O +patients O +with O +CHF O +who O +are O +prescribed O +angiotensin B-Chemical +- O +converting O +enzyme O +inhibitor O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +METHOD O +: O +We O +analyzed O +data O +from O +the O +Studies O +of O +Left O +Ventricular O +Dysfunction O +( O +SOLVD O +) O +, O +a O +randomized O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +, O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +trial O +of O +enalapril B-Chemical +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +CHF O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +were O +3379 O +patients O +randomly O +assigned O +to O +enalapril B-Chemical +with O +a O +median O +follow O +- O +up O +of O +974 O +days O +and O +3379 O +patients O +randomly O +assigned O +to O +placebo O +with O +a O +mean O +follow O +- O +up O +of O +967 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +Decreased O +renal O +function O +was O +defined O +as O +a O +rise O +in O +serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +> O +/ O += O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +( O +44 O +micromol O +/ O +L O +) O +from O +baseline O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +used O +time O +- O +to O +- O +event O +analysis O +to O +identify O +potential O +predictors O +of O +decrease O +in O +renal O +function O +including O +age O +, O +baseline O +ejection O +fraction O +, O +baseline O +creatinine B-Chemical +, O +low O +systolic O +blood O +pressure O +( O +< O +100 O +mm O +Hg O +) O +, O +history O +of O +hypertension O +, O +diabetes O +, O +and O +use O +of O +antiplatelet O +, O +diuretic B-Chemical +, O +and O +beta O +- O +blocker O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Patients O +randomly O +assigned O +to O +enalapril B-Chemical +had O +a O +33 O +% O +greater O +likelihood O +of O +decreased O +renal O +function O +than O +controls O +( O +P O += O +. O +003 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +multivariate O +analysis O +, O +in O +both O +the O +placebo O +and O +enalapril B-Chemical +groups O +older O +age O +, O +diuretic B-Chemical +therapy O +, O +and O +diabetes O +were O +associated O +with O +decreased O +renal O +function O +, O +whereas O +beta O +- O +blocker O +therapy O +and O +higher O +ejection O +fraction O +were O +renoprotective O +. O + +aps B-category +Older O +age O +was O +associated O +with O +a O +greater O +risk O +of O +developing O +decreased O +renal O +function O +in O +both O +groups O +, O +but O +significantly O +more O +so O +in O +the O +enalapril B-Chemical +group O +( O +enalapril B-Chemical +: O +risk O +ratio O +[ O +RR O +] O +1 O +. O +42 O +per O +10 O +years O +, O +95 O +% O +confidence O +interval O +[ O +CI O +] O +1 O +. O +32 O +- O +1 O +. O +52 O +with O +enalapril B-Chemical +; O +placebo O +: O +RR O +1 O +. O +18 O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +1 O +. O +12 O +- O +1 O +. O +25 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Diuretic B-Chemical +therapy O +was O +likewise O +associated O +with O +a O +greater O +risk O +of O +decreased O +renal O +function O +in O +the O +enalapril B-Chemical +group O +( O +RR O +1 O +. O +89 O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +1 O +. O +70 O +- O +2 O +. O +08 O +) O +than O +in O +the O +placebo O +group O +( O +RR O +1 O +. O +35 O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +1 O +. O +09 O +- O +1 O +. O +66 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Conversely O +, O +enalapril B-Chemical +had O +a O +relative O +renoprotective O +effect O +( O +RR O +1 O +. O +33 O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +1 O +. O +13 O +- O +1 O +. O +53 O +) O +compared O +with O +placebo O +( O +RR O +1 O +. O +96 O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +1 O +. O +57 O +- O +2 O +. O +44 O +) O +in O +patients O +with O +diabetes O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +lower O +risk O +of O +renal O +impairment O +was O +seen O +in O +both O +groups O +with O +beta O +- O +blocker O +therapy O +( O +RR O +0 O +. O +70 O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +0 O +. O +57 O +- O +0 O +. O +85 O +) O +and O +higher O +baseline O +ejection O +fraction O +( O +RR O +0 O +. O +93 O +per O +5 O +% O +increment O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +0 O +. O +91 O +- O +0 O +. O +96 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Enalapril B-Chemical +use O +caused O +a O +33 O +% O +increase O +in O +the O +risk O +of O +decreased O +renal O +function O +in O +patients O +with O +CHF O +. O + +aps B-category +Diuretic B-Chemical +use O +and O +advanced O +age O +increased O +this O +risk O +. O + +aps B-category +Diabetes O +was O +associated O +with O +an O +increased O +risk O +of O +renal O +impairment O +in O +all O +patients O +with O +CHF O +, O +but O +this O +risk O +was O +reduced O +in O +the O +enalapril B-Chemical +group O +compared O +with O +the O +placebo O +group O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +dose O +of O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +. O +/ O +kg O +. O +produced O +a O +reduction O +of O +almost O +50 O +% O +of O +the O +behavioral O +score O +induced O +by O +CP B-Chemical +200 O +mg O +. O +/ O +kg O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +effect O +was O +completely O +prevented O +by O +pretreatment O +with O +naloxone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +At O +the O +time O +of O +administration O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +, O +histological O +modifications O +of O +the O +bladder O +wall O +, O +such O +as O +chorionic O +and O +muscle O +layer O +edema O +, O +were O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +female O +rats O +, O +CP B-Chemical +200 O +mg O +. O +/ O +kg O +. O + +aps B-category +i O +. O +p O +. O +produced O +the O +same O +marked O +behavioral O +modifications O +as O +those O +observed O +in O +male O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Administered O +at O +the O +dose O +of O +20 O +mg O +. O +intravesically O +, O +CP B-Chemical +did O +not O +produce O +any O +behavioral O +effects O +, O +whereas O +acrolein B-Chemical +at O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +. O +intravesically O +induced O +behavioral O +modifications O +identical O +to O +those O +under O +CP B-Chemical +200 O +mg O +. O +/ O +kg O +. O + +aps B-category +i O +. O +p O +. O +, O +with O +the O +same O +maximal O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +Conversely O +, O +acrolein B-Chemical +5 O +mg O +. O +/ O +kg O +. O + +aps B-category +i O +. O +v O +. O +did O +not O +produce O +any O +behavioral O +effects O +at O +all O +. 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O + +aps B-category +We O +investigated O +the O +effects O +of O +moderate O +and O +large O +doses O +of O +prednisolone B-Chemical +on O +muscle O +function O +and O +pharmacology O +, O +and O +their O +relationship O +to O +changes O +in O +muscle O +size O +and O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +receptor O +( O +AChR O +) O +expression O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +institutional O +approval O +, O +35 O +Sprague O +- O +Dawley O +rats O +were O +randomly O +allocated O +to O +receive O +daily O +subcutaneous O +doses O +of O +10 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +prednisolone B-Chemical +( O +P10 O +group O +) O +, O +100 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +prednisolone B-Chemical +( O +P100 O +group O +) O +, O +or O +an O +equal O +volume O +of O +saline O +( O +S O +group O +) O +for O +7 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +fourth O +group O +of O +rats O +was O +pair O +fed O +( O +food O +restricted O +) O +with O +the O +P100 O +rats O +for O +7 O +days O +( O +FR O +group O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +Day O +8 O +, O +the O +nerve O +- O +evoked O +peak O +twitch O +tensions O +, O +tetanic O +tensions O +, O +and O +fatigability O +, O +and O +the O +dose O +- O +response O +curves O +of O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tubocurarine I-Chemical +in O +the O +tibialis O +cranialis O +muscle O +were O +measured O +in O +vivo O +and O +related O +to O +muscle O +mass O +or O +expression O +of O +AChRs O +. O + +aps B-category +Rate O +of O +body O +weight O +gain O +was O +depressed O +in O +the O +P100 O +, O +FR O +, O +and O +P10 O +groups O +compared O +with O +the O +S O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +Tibialis O +muscle O +mass O +was O +smaller O +in O +the O +P100 O +group O +than O +in O +the O +P10 O +or O +S O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +evoked O +peak O +twitch O +and O +tetanic O +tensions O +were O +less O +in O +the O +P100 O +group O +than O +in O +the O +P10 O +or O +S O +groups O +, O +however O +, O +tension O +per O +milligram O +of O +muscle O +mass O +was O +greater O +in O +the O +P100 O +group O +than O +in O +the O +S O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +50 O +% O +effective O +dose O +of O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tubocurarine I-Chemical +( O +microg O +/ O +kg O +) O +in O +the O +tibialis O +muscle O +was O +smaller O +in O +the O +P10 O +( O +33 O +. O +6 O ++ O +/ O +- O +5 O +. O +4 O +) O +than O +in O +the O +S O +( O +61 O +. O +9 O ++ O +/ O +- O +5 O +. O +0 O +) O +or O +the O +P100 O +( O +71 O +. O +3 O ++ O +/ O +- O +9 O +. O +6 O +) O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +AChR O +expression O +was O +less O +in O +the O +P10 O +group O +than O +in O +the O +S O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +evoked O +tensions O +correlated O +with O +muscle O +mass O +( O +r O +( O +2 O +) O += O +0 O +. O +32 O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +, O +however O +, O +not O +with O +expression O +of O +AChR O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +50 O +% O +effective O +dose O +of O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tubocurarine I-Chemical +did O +not O +correlate O +with O +muscle O +mass O +or O +AChR O +expression O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +results O +suggest O +that O +the O +neuromuscular O +dysfunction O +after O +prednisolone B-Chemical +is O +dose O +- O +dependent O +, O +and O +derives O +primarily O +from O +muscle O +atrophy O +and O +derives O +less O +so O +from O +changes O +in O +AChR O +expression O +. O + +aps B-category +IMPLICATIONS O +: O +The O +mechanisms O +by O +which O +chronic O +glucocorticoid O +therapy O +alters O +neuromuscular O +physiology O +and O +pharmacology O +are O +unclear O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +suggest O +that O +the O +observed O +effects O +are O +dose O +- O +dependent O +and O +derive O +primarily O +from O +muscle O +atrophy O +and O +derive O +less O +from O +changes O +in O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +receptor O +expression O +. O + +aps B-category +Apomorphine B-Chemical +: O +an O +underutilized O +therapy O +for O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Apomorphine B-Chemical +was O +the O +first O +dopaminergic O +drug O +ever O +used O +to O +treat O +symptoms O +of O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +powerful O +antiparkinsonian O +effects O +had O +been O +observed O +as O +early O +as O +1951 O +, O +the O +potential O +of O +treating O +fluctuating O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +by O +subcutaneous O +administration O +of O +apomorphine B-Chemical +has O +only O +recently O +become O +the O +subject O +of O +systematic O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +number O +of O +small O +scale O +clinical O +trials O +have O +unequivocally O +shown O +that O +intermittent O +subcutaneous O +apomorphine B-Chemical +injections O +produce O +antiparkinsonian O +benefit O +close O +if O +not O +identical O +to O +that O +seen O +with O +levodopa B-Chemical +and O +that O +apomorphine B-Chemical +rescue O +injections O +can O +reliably O +revert O +off O +- O +periods O +even O +in O +patients O +with O +complex O +on O +- O +off O +motor O +swings O +. O + +aps B-category +Continuous O +subcutaneous O +apomorphine B-Chemical +infusions O +can O +reduce O +daily O +off O +- O +time O +by O +more O +than O +50 O +% O +in O +this O +group O +of O +patients O +, O +which O +appears O +to O +be O +a O +stronger O +effect O +than O +that O +generally O +seen O +with O +add O +- O +on O +therapy O +with O +oral O +dopamine B-Chemical +agonists O +or O +COMT O +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +Extended O +follow O +- O +up O +studies O +of O +up O +to O +8 O +years O +have O +demonstrated O +long O +- O +term O +persistence O +of O +apomorphine B-Chemical +efficacy O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +there O +is O +convincing O +clinical O +evidence O +that O +monotherapy O +with O +continuous O +subcutaneous O +apomorphine B-Chemical +infusions O +is O +associated O +with O +marked O +reductions O +of O +preexisting O +levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +dyskinesias O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +main O +side O +effects O +of O +subcutaneous O +apomorphine B-Chemical +treatment O +are O +related O +to O +cutaneous O +tolerability O +problems O +, O +whereas O +sedation O +and O +psychiatric O +complications O +play O +a O +lesser O +role O +. O + +aps B-category +Given O +the O +marked O +degree O +of O +efficacy O +of O +subcutaneous O +apomorphine B-Chemical +treatment O +in O +fluctuating O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +, O +this O +approach O +seems O +to O +deserve O +more O +widespread O +clinical O +use O +. O + +aps B-category +Probing O +peripheral O +and O +central O +cholinergic O +system O +responses O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +The O +pharmacological O +response O +to O +drugs O +that O +act O +on O +the O +cholinergic O +system O +of O +the O +iris O +has O +been O +used O +to O +predict O +deficits O +in O +central O +cholinergic O +functioning O +due O +to O +diseases O +such O +as O +Alzheimer O +' O +s O +disease O +, O +yet O +correlations O +between O +central O +and O +peripheral O +responses O +have O +not O +been O +properly O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +assessed O +the O +effect O +of O +normal O +aging O +on O +( O +1 O +) O +the O +tropicamide B-Chemical +- O +induced O +increase O +in O +pupil O +diameter O +, O +and O +( O +2 O +) O +the O +reversal O +of O +this O +effect O +with O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Scopolamine B-Chemical +was O +used O +as O +a O +positive O +control O +to O +detect O +age O +- O +dependent O +changes O +in O +central O +cholinergic O +functioning O +in O +the O +elderly O +. O + +aps B-category +DESIGN O +: O +Randomized O +double O +- O +blind O +controlled O +trial O +. O + +aps B-category +PARTICIPANTS O +: O +Ten O +healthy O +elderly O +( O +mean O +age O +70 O +) O +and O +9 O +young O +( O +mean O +age O +33 O +) O +volunteers O +. O + +aps B-category +INTERVENTIONS O +: O +Pupil O +diameter O +was O +monitored O +using O +a O +computerized O +infrared O +pupillometer O +over O +4 O +hours O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +study O +involved O +4 O +sessions O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +1 O +session O +, O +tropicamide B-Chemical +( O +20 O +microL O +, O +0 O +. O +01 O +% O +) O +was O +administered O +to O +one O +eye O +and O +placebo O +to O +the O +other O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +another O +session O +, O +tropicamide B-Chemical +( O +20 O +microL O +, O +0 O +. O +01 O +% O +) O +was O +administered O +to O +both O +eyes O +, O +followed O +23 O +minutes O +later O +by O +the O +application O +of O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +( O +20 O +microL O +, O +0 O +. O +1 O +% O +) O +to O +one O +eye O +and O +placebo O +to O +the O +other O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +eye O +drops O +were O +given O +in O +a O +randomized O +order O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +2 O +separate O +sessions O +, O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +scopolamine B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +, O +intravenously O +) O +or O +placebo O +was O +administered O +, O +and O +the O +effects O +on O +word O +recall O +were O +measured O +using O +the O +Buschke O +Selective O +Reminding O +Test O +over O +2 O +hours O +. O + +aps B-category +OUTCOME O +MEASURES O +: O +Pupil O +size O +at O +time O +points O +after O +administration O +of O +tropicamide B-Chemical +and O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +; O +scopolamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +impairment O +in O +word O +recall O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +There O +was O +no O +significant O +difference O +between O +elderly O +and O +young O +volunteers O +in O +pupillary O +response O +to O +tropicamide B-Chemical +at O +any O +time O +point O +( O +p O +> O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +elderly O +group O +had O +a O +significantly O +greater O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +net O +decrease O +in O +pupil O +size O +85 O +, O +125 O +, O +165 O +and O +215 O +minutes O +after O +administration O +, O +compared O +with O +the O +young O +group O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Compared O +with O +the O +young O +group O +, O +the O +elderly O +group O +had O +greater O +scopolamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +impairment O +in O +word O +recall O +60 O +, O +90 O +and O +120 O +minutes O +after O +administration O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +There O +is O +an O +age O +- O +related O +pupillary O +response O +to O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +that O +is O +not O +found O +with O +tropicamide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +may O +be O +useful O +to O +assess O +variations O +in O +central O +cholinergic O +function O +in O +elderly O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Pain O +responses O +in O +methadone B-Chemical +- O +maintained O +opioid O +abusers O +. O + +aps B-category +Providing O +pain O +management O +for O +known O +opioid O +abusers O +is O +a O +challenging O +clinical O +task O +, O +in O +part O +because O +little O +is O +known O +about O +their O +pain O +experience O +and O +analgesic O +requirements O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +was O +designed O +to O +describe O +pain O +tolerance O +and O +analgesic O +response O +in O +a O +sample O +of O +opioid O +addicts O +stabilized O +in O +methadone B-Chemical +- O +maintenance O +( O +MM O +) O +treatment O +( O +n O += O +60 O +) O +in O +comparison O +to O +matched O +nondependent O +control O +subjects O +( O +n O += O +60 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +using O +a O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +, O +two O +- O +way O +factorial O +design O +, O +tolerance O +to O +cold O +- O +pressor O +( O +CP O +) O +pain O +was O +examined O +, O +both O +before O +and O +after O +oral O +administration O +of O +therapeutic O +doses O +of O +common O +opioid O +( O +hydromorphone B-Chemical +2 O +mg O +) O +and O +nonsteroidal O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +( O +ketorolac B-Chemical +10 O +mg O +) O +analgesic O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +Results O +showed O +that O +MM O +individuals O +were O +significantly O +less O +tolerant O +of O +CP O +pain O +than O +control O +subjects O +, O +replicating O +previous O +work O +. O + +aps B-category +Analgesic O +effects O +were O +significant O +neither O +for O +medication O +nor O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +indicate O +that O +MM O +opioid O +abusers O +represent O +a O +pain O +- O +intolerant O +subset O +of O +clinical O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Their O +complaints O +of O +pain O +should O +be O +evaluated O +seriously O +and O +managed O +aggressively O +. O + +aps B-category +High O +- O +dose O +methylprednisolone B-Chemical +may O +do O +more O +harm O +for O +spinal O +cord O +injury O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +of O +the O +National O +Acute O +Spinal O +Cord O +Injury O +Studies O +( O +NASCIS O +) O +, O +high O +- O +dose O +methylprednisolone B-Chemical +became O +the O +standard O +of O +care O +for O +the O +acute O +spinal O +cord O +injury O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +NASCIS O +, O +there O +was O +no O +mention O +regarding O +the O +possibility O +of O +acute O +corticosteroid B-Chemical +myopathy O +that O +high O +- O +dose O +methylprednisolone B-Chemical +may O +cause O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dosage O +of O +methylprednisolone B-Chemical +recommended O +by O +the O +NASCIS O +3 O +is O +the O +highest O +dose O +of O +steroids B-Chemical +ever O +being O +used O +during O +a O +2 O +- O +day O +period O +for O +any O +clinical O +condition O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +hypothesize O +that O +it O +may O +cause O +some O +damage O +to O +the O +muscle O +of O +spinal O +cord O +injury O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +, O +steroid B-Chemical +myopathy O +recovers O +naturally O +and O +the O +neurological O +improvement O +shown O +in O +the O +NASCIS O +may O +be O +just O +a O +recording O +of O +this O +natural O +motor O +recovery O +from O +the O +steroid B-Chemical +myopathy O +, O +instead O +of O +any O +protection O +that O +methylprednisolone B-Chemical +offers O +to O +the O +spinal O +cord O +injury O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +our O +knowledge O +, O +this O +is O +the O +first O +discussion O +considering O +the O +possibility O +that O +the O +methylprednisolone B-Chemical +recommended O +by O +NASCIS O +may O +cause O +acute O +corticosteroid B-Chemical +myopathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Conversion O +to O +rapamycin B-Chemical +immunosuppression O +in O +renal O +transplant O +recipients O +: O +report O +of O +an O +initial O +experience O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +The O +aim O +of O +this O +study O +is O +to O +evaluate O +the O +effects O +of O +RAPA B-Chemical +conversion O +in O +patients O +undergoing O +cyclosporine B-Chemical +( O +CsA B-Chemical +) O +or O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +( O +Tac B-Chemical +) O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Twenty O +renal O +transplant O +recipients O +were O +switched O +to O +fixed O +dose O +rapamycin B-Chemical +( O +RAPA B-Chemical +) O +( O +5 O +mg O +/ O +day O +) O +0 O +to O +204 O +months O +posttransplant O +. O + +aps B-category +Drug O +monitoring O +was O +not O +initially O +used O +to O +adjust O +doses O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +indications O +for O +switch O +were O +chronic O +CsA B-Chemical +or O +Tac B-Chemical +nephrotoxicity O +( O +12 O +) O +, O +acute O +CsA B-Chemical +or O +Tac B-Chemical +toxicity O +( O +3 O +) O +, O +severe O +facial O +dysmorphism O +( O +2 O +) O +, O +posttransplant O +lymphoproliferative O +disorder O +( O +PTLD O +) O +in O +remission O +( O +2 O +) O +, O +and O +hepatotoxicity O +in O +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +Follow O +- O +up O +is O +7 O +to O +24 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +In O +the O +12 O +patients O +switched O +because O +of O +chronic O +nephrotoxicity O +there O +was O +a O +significant O +decrease O +in O +serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +[ O +233 O ++ O +/ O +- O +34 O +to O +210 O ++ O +/ O +- O +56 O +micromol O +/ O +liter O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +at O +6 O +months O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Facial O +dysmorphism O +improved O +in O +two O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +relapse O +of O +PTLD O +was O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +patients O +developed O +pneumonia O +( O +two O +Pneumocystis O +carinii O +pneumonia O +, O +one O +infectious O +mononucleosis O +with O +polyclonal O +PTLD O +lung O +infiltrate O +) O +and O +two O +had O +bronchiolitis O +obliterans O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +were O +no O +deaths O +. O + +aps B-category +RAPA B-Chemical +was O +discontinued O +in O +four O +patients O +, O +because O +of O +pneumonia O +in O +two O +, O +PTLD O +in O +one O +, O +and O +oral O +aphtous O +ulcers O +in O +one O +. O + +aps B-category +RAPA B-Chemical +levels O +were O +high O +( O +> O +15 O +ng O +/ O +ml O +) O +in O +7 O +of O +13 O +( O +54 O +% O +) O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +RAPA B-Chemical +conversion O +provides O +adequate O +immunosuppression O +to O +enable O +CsA B-Chemical +withdrawal O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +when O +converting O +patients O +to O +RAPA B-Chemical +drug O +levels O +should O +be O +monitored O +to O +avoid O +over O +- O +immunosuppression O +and O +adequate O +antiviral O +and O +Pneumocystis O +carinii O +pneumonia O +prophylaxis O +should O +be O +given O +. O + +aps B-category +Electro O +- O +oculography O +, O +electroretinography O +, O +visual O +evoked O +potentials O +, O +and O +multifocal O +electroretinography O +in O +patients O +with O +vigabatrin B-Chemical +- O +attributed O +visual O +field O +constriction O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +Symptomatic O +visual O +field O +constriction O +thought O +to O +be O +associated O +with O +vigabatrin B-Chemical +has O +been O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +current O +study O +investigated O +the O +visual O +fields O +and O +visual O +electrophysiology O +of O +eight O +patients O +with O +known O +vigabatrin B-Chemical +- O +attributed O +visual O +field O +loss O +, O +three O +of O +whom O +were O +reported O +previously O +. O + +aps B-category +Six O +of O +the O +patients O +were O +no O +longer O +receiving O +vigabatrin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +The O +central O +and O +peripheral O +fields O +were O +examined O +with O +the O +Humphrey O +Visual O +Field O +Analyzer O +. O + +aps B-category +Full O +visual O +electrophysiology O +, O +including O +flash O +electroretinography O +( O +ERG O +) O +, O +pattern O +electroretinography O +, O +multifocal O +ERG O +using O +the O +VERIS O +system O +, O +electro O +- O +oculography O +, O +and O +flash O +and O +pattern O +visual O +evoked O +potentials O +, O +was O +undertaken O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Seven O +patients O +showed O +marked O +visual O +field O +constriction O +with O +some O +sparing O +of O +the O +temporal O +visual O +field O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +eighth O +exhibited O +concentric O +constriction O +. O + +aps B-category +Most O +electrophysiological O +responses O +were O +usually O +just O +within O +normal O +limits O +; O +two O +patients O +had O +subnormal O +Arden O +electro O +- O +oculography O +indices O +; O +and O +one O +patient O +showed O +an O +abnormally O +delayed O +photopic O +b O +wave O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +five O +patients O +showed O +delayed O +30 O +- O +Hz O +flicker O +b O +waves O +, O +and O +seven O +patients O +showed O +delayed O +oscillatory O +potentials O +. O + +aps B-category +Multifocal O +ERG O +showed O +abnormalities O +that O +sometimes O +correlated O +with O +the O +visual O +field O +appearance O +and O +confirmed O +that O +the O +deficit O +occurs O +at O +the O +retinal O +level O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Marked O +visual O +field O +constriction O +appears O +to O +be O +associated O +with O +vigabatrin B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +field O +defects O +and O +some O +electrophysiological O +abnormalities O +persist O +when O +vigabatrin B-Chemical +therapy O +is O +withdrawn O +. O + +aps B-category +Myocardial O +ischemia O +due O +to O +coronary O +artery O +spasm O +during O +dobutamine B-Chemical +stress O +echocardiography O +. O + +aps B-category +Dobutamine B-Chemical +stress O +echocardiography O +( O +DSE O +) O +is O +a O +useful O +and O +safe O +provocation O +test O +for O +myocardial O +ischemia O +. O + +aps B-category +Until O +now O +, O +the O +test O +has O +been O +focused O +only O +on O +the O +organic O +lesion O +in O +the O +coronary O +artery O +, O +and O +positive O +DSE O +has O +indicated O +the O +presence O +of O +significant O +fixed O +coronary O +artery O +stenosis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +the O +present O +study O +is O +to O +examine O +whether O +myocardial O +ischemia O +due O +to O +coronary O +spasm O +is O +induced O +by O +dobutamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +performed O +DSE O +on O +51 O +patients O +with O +coronary O +spastic O +angina O +but O +without O +significant O +fixed O +coronary O +artery O +stenosis O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +patients O +had O +anginal O +attacks O +at O +rest O +with O +ST O +elevation O +on O +the O +electrocardiogram O +( O +variant O +angina O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Coronary O +spasm O +was O +induced O +by O +intracoronary O +injection O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +, O +and O +no O +fixed O +coronary O +artery O +stenosis O +was O +documented O +on O +angiograms O +in O +all O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +DSE O +was O +performed O +with O +intravenous O +dobutamine B-Chemical +infusion O +with O +an O +incremental O +doses O +of O +5 O +, O +10 O +, O +20 O +, O +30 O +, O +and O +40 O +microg O +/ O +kg O +/ O +min O +every O +5 O +minutes O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +the O +51 O +patients O +, O +7 O +patients O +showed O +asynergy O +with O +ST O +elevation O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +7 O +patients O +( O +13 O +. O +7 O +% O +) O +had O +chest O +pain O +during O +asynergy O +, O +and O +both O +chest O +pain O +and O +electrocardiographic O +changes O +were O +preceded O +by O +asynergy O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +indicate O +that O +dobutamine B-Chemical +can O +provoke O +coronary O +spasm O +in O +some O +patients O +with O +coronary O +spastic O +angina O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +DSE O +is O +performed O +to O +evaluate O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +, O +not O +only O +fixed O +coronary O +stenosis O +, O +but O +also O +coronary O +spasm O +should O +be O +considered O +as O +a O +genesis O +of O +asynergy O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +intravenous O +metoprolol B-Chemical +or O +intravenous O +metoprolol B-Chemical +plus O +glucagon O +on O +dobutamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +myocardial O +ischemia O +. O + +aps B-category +STUDY O +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +determine O +the O +effect O +of O +metoprolol B-Chemical +on O +dobutamine B-Chemical +stress O +testing O +with O +technetium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +99m I-Chemical +sestamibi I-Chemical +single O +- O +photon O +emission O +computed O +tomography O +imaging O +and O +ST O +- O +segment O +monitoring O +, O +and O +to O +assess O +the O +impact O +of O +intravenous O +glucagon O +on O +metoprolol B-Chemical +' O +s O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +DESIGN O +: O +Randomized O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +, O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +trial O +. O + +aps B-category +SETTING O +: O +Community O +hospital O +. O + +aps B-category +PATIENTS O +: O +Twenty O +- O +two O +patients O +with O +known O +reversible O +perfusion O +defects O +. O + +aps B-category +INTERVENTION O +: O +Patients O +underwent O +dobutamine B-Chemical +stress O +tests O +per O +standard O +protocol O +. O + +aps B-category +Before O +dobutamine B-Chemical +was O +begun O +, O +no O +therapy O +was O +given O +during O +the O +first O +visit O +, O +and O +patients O +were O +randomized O +on O +subsequent O +visits O +to O +receive O +metoprolol B-Chemical +or O +metoprolol B-Chemical +plus O +glucagon O +1 O +mg O +. O + +aps B-category +Metoprolol B-Chemical +was O +dosed O +to O +achieve O +a O +resting O +predobutamine B-Chemical +heart O +rate O +below O +65 O +beats O +/ O +minute O +or O +a O +total O +intravenous O +dose O +of O +20 O +mg O +. O + +aps B-category +MEASUREMENTS O +AND O +MAIN O +RESULTS O +: O +Metoprolol B-Chemical +reduced O +maximum O +heart O +rate O +31 O +% O +, O +summed O +stress O +scores O +29 O +% O +, O +and O +summed O +difference O +scores O +43 O +% O +versus O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +Metoprolol B-Chemical +plus O +glucagon O +also O +reduced O +the O +maximum O +heart O +rate O +29 O +% O +versus O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +Summed O +stress O +and O +summed O +difference O +scores O +were O +not O +significantly O +reduced O +, O +although O +they O +were O +18 O +% O +and O +30 O +% O +lower O +, O +respectively O +, O +than O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +significant O +differences O +were O +found O +in O +any O +parameter O +between O +metoprolol B-Chemical +and O +metoprolol B-Chemical +- O +glucagon O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +During O +dobutamine B-Chemical +stress O +testing O +, O +metoprolol B-Chemical +attenuates O +or O +eliminates O +evidence O +of O +myocardial O +ischemia O +. O + +aps B-category +Glucagon O +1 O +mg O +, O +although O +somewhat O +effective O +, O +does O +not O +correct O +this O +effect O +to O +the O +extent O +that O +it O +can O +be O +administered O +clinically O +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +of O +functional O +somatotopy O +in O +GPi O +from O +results O +of O +pallidotomy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +objective O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +explore O +the O +functional O +anatomy O +of O +the O +globus O +pallidus O +internus O +( O +GPi O +) O +by O +studying O +the O +effects O +of O +unilateral O +pallidotomy O +on O +parkinsonian O +' O +off O +' O +signs O +and O +levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +dyskinesias O +( O +LID O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +found O +significant O +positive O +correlations O +between O +the O +preoperative O +levodopa B-Chemical +responsiveness O +of O +motor O +signs O +and O +the O +levodopa B-Chemical +responsiveness O +of O +scores O +in O +timed O +tests O +( O +Core O +Assessment O +Program O +for O +Intracerebral O +Transplantations O +) O +in O +the O +contralateral O +limbs O +and O +the O +improvement O +in O +these O +scores O +after O +surgery O +, O +whereas O +there O +was O +no O +correlation O +with O +the O +improvement O +in O +LID O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +also O +found O +a O +highly O +significant O +correlation O +( O +P O +: O +< O +0 O +. O +0001 O +, O +r O += O +0 O +. O +8 O +) O +between O +the O +volume O +of O +the O +ventral O +lesion O +in O +the O +GPi O +and O +the O +improvement O +in O +LID O +in O +the O +contralateral O +limbs O +, O +whereas O +there O +was O +no O +correlation O +between O +the O +ventral O +volume O +and O +the O +improvement O +in O +parkinsonian O +' O +off O +' O +signs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +volumes O +of O +the O +total O +lesion O +cylinder O +and O +the O +dorsal O +lesion O +did O +not O +correlate O +with O +the O +outcome O +of O +either O +dyskinesias O +or O +parkinsonian O +' O +off O +' O +signs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +differential O +predictive O +value O +of O +levodopa B-Chemical +responsiveness O +for O +the O +outcome O +of O +parkinsonian O +' O +off O +' O +signs O +and O +LID O +and O +the O +different O +correlations O +of O +ventral O +lesion O +volume O +with O +dyskinesias O +and O +parkinsonian O +' O +off O +' O +signs O +indicate O +that O +different O +anatomical O +or O +pathophysiological O +substrates O +may O +be O +responsible O +for O +the O +generation O +of O +parkinsonian O +' O +off O +' O +signs O +and O +dyskinesias O +. O + +aps B-category +Whereas O +cells O +in O +a O +wider O +area O +of O +the O +GPi O +may O +be O +implicated O +in O +parkinsonism O +, O +the O +ventral O +GPi O +seems O +to O +be O +crucial O +for O +the O +manifestation O +of O +LID O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +suggest O +that O +our O +observations O +are O +additional O +proof O +of O +the O +functional O +somatotopy O +of O +the O +systems O +within O +the O +GPi O +that O +mediate O +parkinsonism O +and O +dyskinesias O +, O +especially O +along O +the O +dorsoventral O +trajectory O +used O +in O +pallidotomy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +outcome O +of O +pallidotomy O +in O +which O +the O +lesion O +involves O +the O +ventral O +and O +dorsal O +GPi O +could O +be O +the O +net O +effect O +of O +alteration O +in O +the O +activity O +of O +pathways O +which O +mediate O +different O +symptoms O +, O +and O +hence O +could O +be O +variable O +. O + +aps B-category +Screening O +for O +stimulant O +use O +in O +adult O +emergency O +department O +seizure O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +The O +objective O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +determine O +the O +prevalence O +of O +positive O +plasma O +drug O +screening O +for O +cocaine B-Chemical +or O +amphetamine B-Chemical +in O +adult O +emergency O +department O +seizure O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +This O +prospective O +study O +evaluated O +consecutive O +eligible O +seizure O +patients O +who O +had O +a O +plasma O +sample O +collected O +as O +part O +of O +their O +clinical O +evaluation O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +was O +tested O +for O +amphetamine B-Chemical +and O +the O +cocaine B-Chemical +metabolite O +benzoylecgonine B-Chemical +using O +enzyme O +- O +mediated O +immunoassay O +methodology O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +samples O +with O +benzoylecgonine B-Chemical +greater O +than O +150 O +ng O +/ O +mL O +or O +an O +amphetamine B-Chemical +greater O +than O +500 O +ng O +/ O +mL O +were O +defined O +as O +positive O +. O + +aps B-category +Patient O +demographics O +, O +history O +of O +underlying O +drug O +or O +alcohol B-Chemical +- O +related O +seizure O +disorder O +, O +estimated O +time O +from O +seizure O +to O +sample O +collection O +, O +history O +or O +suspicion O +of O +cocaine O +or O +amphetamine O +abuse O +, O +results O +of O +clinical O +urine O +testing O +for O +drugs O +of O +abuse O +, O +and O +assay O +results O +were O +recorded O +without O +patient O +identifiers O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Fourteen O +of O +248 O +( O +5 O +. O +6 O +% O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +2 O +. O +7 O +% O +- O +8 O +. O +5 O +% O +) O +plasma O +samples O +were O +positive O +by O +immunoassay O +testing O +for O +benzoylecgonine B-Chemical +and O +no O +samples O +( O +0 O +% O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +0 O +- O +1 O +. O +2 O +% O +) O +were O +positive O +for O +amphetamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Positive O +test O +results O +were O +more O +common O +in O +patient O +visits O +where O +there O +was O +a O +history O +or O +suspicion O +of O +cocaine O +or O +amphetamine O +abuse O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +0005 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +During O +this O +study O +period O +, O +routine O +plasma O +screening O +for O +cocaine B-Chemical +and O +amphetamines B-Chemical +in O +adult O +seizure O +patients O +had O +a O +low O +yield O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +a O +result O +, O +routine O +plasma O +screening O +would O +yield O +few O +cases O +of O +stimulant O +drug O +in O +which O +there O +was O +neither O +a O +history O +nor O +suspicion O +of O +drug O +abuse O +in O +this O +population O +. O + +aps B-category +Contribution O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +valproate I-Chemical +to O +the O +syndrome O +of O +inappropriate O +secretion O +of O +antidiuretic O +hormone O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +the O +case O +of O +a O +62 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +man O +who O +was O +administered O +sodium B-Chemical +valproate I-Chemical +( O +VPA B-Chemical +) O +and O +who O +subsequently O +developed O +the O +syndrome O +of O +inappropriate O +secretion O +of O +antidiuretic O +hormone O +( O +SIADH O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +He O +had O +been O +taking O +VPA B-Chemical +for O +treatment O +of O +idiopathic O +generalized O +tonic O +- O +clonic O +convulsions O +since O +he O +was O +56 O +years O +old O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +substituting O +VPA B-Chemical +with O +zonisamide B-Chemical +, O +the O +serum O +sodium B-Chemical +level O +returned O +to O +normal O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +consider O +this O +episode O +of O +SIADH O +to O +be O +the O +result O +of O +a O +combination O +of O +factors O +including O +a O +weakness O +of O +the O +central O +nervous O +system O +and O +the O +long O +- O +term O +administration O +of O +VPA B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Association O +of O +nitric B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +production O +and O +apoptosis O +in O +a O +model O +of O +experimental O +nephropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +In O +recent O +studies O +increased O +amounts O +of O +nitric B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +( O +NO B-Chemical +) O +and O +apoptosis O +have O +been O +implicated O +in O +various O +pathological O +conditions O +in O +the O +kidney O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +studied O +the O +role O +of O +NO B-Chemical +and O +its O +association O +with O +apoptosis O +in O +an O +experimental O +model O +of O +nephrotic O +syndrome O +induced O +by O +a O +single O +injection O +of O +adriamycin B-Chemical +( O +ADR B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +The O +alteration O +in O +the O +NO B-Chemical +pathway O +was O +assessed O +by O +measuring O +nitrite B-Chemical +levels O +in O +serum O +/ O +urine O +and O +by O +evaluating O +the O +changes O +in O +vascular O +reactivity O +of O +the O +isolated O +perfused O +rat O +kidney O +( O +IPRK O +) O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Rats O +were O +stratified O +into O +control O +groups O +and O +ADR B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephropathy O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +two O +groups O +were O +then O +divided O +into O +: O +group O +1 O +, O +animals O +receiving O +saline O +; O +and O +group O +2 O +, O +animals O +receiving O +aminoguanidine B-Chemical +( O +AG B-Chemical +) O +which O +is O +a O +specific O +inhibitor O +of O +inducible O +- O +NO B-Chemical +synthase O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +day O +21 O +, O +rats O +were O +sacrificed O +after O +obtaining O +material O +for O +biochemical O +analysis O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Histopathological O +examination O +of O +the O +kidneys O +of O +rats O +treated O +with O +ADR B-Chemical +revealed O +focal O +areas O +of O +mesangial O +proliferation O +and O +mild O +tubulointerstitial O +inflammation O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +also O +had O +significantly O +higher O +levels O +of O +proteinuria O +compared O +with O +control O +and O +treatment O +groups O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Urine O +nitrite B-Chemical +levels O +were O +significantly O +increased O +in O +the O +ADR B-Chemical +- O +nephropathy O +group O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +IPRK O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +and O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +related O +responses O +were O +significantly O +impaired O +in O +the O +ADR B-Chemical +- O +nephropathy O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +Apoptosis O +was O +not O +detected O +in O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +in O +the O +ADR B-Chemical +- O +nephropathy O +group O +, O +numerous O +apoptotic O +cells O +were O +identified O +in O +the O +tubulointerstitial O +areas O +. O + +aps B-category +Double O +staining O +revealed O +numerous O +interstitial O +apoptotic O +cells O +to O +stain O +for O +ED1 O +, O +a O +marker O +for O +monocytes O +/ O +macrophages O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +with O +AG B-Chemical +prevented O +the O +impairment O +of O +renal O +vascular O +bed O +responses O +and O +reduced O +both O +urine O +nitrite B-Chemical +levels O +and O +apoptosis O +to O +control O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +We O +suggest O +that O +interactions O +between O +NO B-Chemical +and O +apoptosis O +are O +important O +in O +the O +pathogenesis O +of O +the O +ADR B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephrosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Dual O +effects O +of O +melatonin B-Chemical +on O +barbiturate B-Chemical +- O +induced O +narcosis O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Melatonin B-Chemical +affects O +the O +circadian O +sleep O +/ O +wake O +cycle O +, O +but O +it O +is O +not O +clear O +whether O +it O +may O +influence O +drug O +- O +induced O +narcosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +thiopenthal I-Chemical +was O +administered O +intraperitoneally O +into O +male O +rats O +pre O +- O +treated O +with O +melatonin B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +05 O +, O +0 O +. O +5 O +, O +5 O +and O +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Melatonin B-Chemical +pre O +- O +treatment O +affected O +in O +a O +dual O +manner O +barbiturate B-Chemical +narcosis O +, O +however O +, O +no O +dose O +- O +effect O +correlation O +was O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +particular O +, O +low O +doses O +reduced O +the O +latency O +to O +and O +prolonged O +the O +duration O +of O +barbiturate B-Chemical +narcosis O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast O +, O +the O +highest O +dose O +of O +melatonin B-Chemical +( O +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +caused O +a O +paradoxical O +increase O +in O +the O +latency O +and O +produced O +a O +sustained O +reduction O +of O +the O +duration O +of O +narcosis O +, O +and O +a O +reduction O +in O +mortality O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +Melatonin B-Chemical +0 O +. O +5 O +and O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +influenced O +the O +duration O +but O +not O +the O +latency O +of O +ketamine B-Chemical +- O +or O +diazepam B-Chemical +- O +induced O +narcosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +the O +dual O +action O +of O +melatonin B-Chemical +on O +pharmacological O +narcosis O +seems O +to O +be O +specific O +for O +the O +barbiturate B-Chemical +mechanism O +of O +action O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduced O +cardiotoxicity O +and O +preserved O +antitumor O +efficacy O +of O +liposome O +- O +encapsulated O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +and O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +compared O +with O +conventional O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +and O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +in O +a O +randomized O +, O +multicenter O +trial O +of O +metastatic O +breast O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +To O +determine O +whether O +Myocet B-Chemical +( O +liposome O +- O +encapsulated O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +; O +The O +Liposome O +Company O +, O +Elan O +Corporation O +, O +Princeton O +, O +NJ O +) O +in O +combination O +with O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +significantly O +reduces O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +cardiotoxicity O +while O +providing O +comparable O +antitumor O +efficacy O +in O +first O +- O +line O +treatment O +of O +metastatic O +breast O +cancer O +( O +MBC O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +PATIENTS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +Two O +hundred O +ninety O +- O +seven O +patients O +with O +MBC O +and O +no O +prior O +chemotherapy O +for O +metastatic O +disease O +were O +randomized O +to O +receive O +either O +60 O +mg O +/ O +m O +( O +2 O +) O +of O +Myocet B-Chemical +( O +M O +) O +or O +conventional O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +( O +A O +) O +, O +in O +combination O +with O +600 O +mg O +/ O +m O +( O +2 O +) O +of O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +( O +C O +) O +, O +every O +3 O +weeks O +until O +disease O +progression O +or O +unacceptable O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Cardiotoxicity O +was O +defined O +by O +reductions O +in O +left O +- O +ventricular O +ejection O +fraction O +, O +assessed O +by O +serial O +multigated O +radionuclide O +angiography O +scans O +, O +or O +congestive O +heart O +failure O +( O +CHF O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Antitumor O +efficacy O +was O +assessed O +by O +objective O +tumor O +response O +rates O +( O +World O +Health O +Organization O +criteria O +) O +, O +time O +to O +progression O +, O +and O +survival O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Six O +percent O +of O +MC O +patients O +versus O +21 O +% O +( O +including O +five O +cases O +of O +CHF O +) O +of O +AC O +patients O +developed O +cardiotoxicity O +( O +P O += O +. O +0002 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Median O +cumulative O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +dose O +at O +onset O +was O +more O +than O +2 O +, O +220 O +mg O +/ O +m O +( O +2 O +) O +for O +MC O +versus O +480 O +mg O +/ O +m O +( O +2 O +) O +for O +AC O +( O +P O += O +. O +0001 O +, O +hazard O +ratio O +, O +5 O +. O +04 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +MC O +patients O +also O +experienced O +less O +grade O +4 O +neutropenia O +. O + +aps B-category +Antitumor O +efficacy O +of O +MC O +versus O +AC O +was O +comparable O +: O +objective O +response O +rates O +, O +43 O +% O +versus O +43 O +% O +; O +median O +time O +to O +progression O +, O +5 O +. O +1 O +% O +versus O +5 O +. O +5 O +months O +; O +median O +time O +to O +treatment O +failure O +, O +4 O +. O +6 O +versus O +4 O +. O +4 O +months O +; O +and O +median O +survival O +, O +19 O +versus O +16 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Myocet B-Chemical +improves O +the O +therapeutic O +index O +of O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +by O +significantly O +reducing O +cardiotoxicity O +and O +grade O +4 O +neutropenia O +and O +provides O +comparable O +antitumor O +efficacy O +, O +when O +used O +in O +combination O +with O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +as O +first O +- O +line O +therapy O +for O +MBC O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +nitrergic O +system O +in O +lidocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +convulsion O +in O +the O +mouse O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nitro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +ester I-Chemical +( O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +NAME I-Chemical +) O +a O +nitric B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +( O +NO B-Chemical +) O +synthase O +inhibitor O +and O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +, O +a O +NO B-Chemical +precursor O +, O +were O +investigated O +on O +lidocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +convulsions O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +first O +experiment O +, O +four O +groups O +of O +mice O +received O +physiological O +saline O +( O +0 O +. O +9 O +% O +) O +, O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +( O +300 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +, O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +NAME I-Chemical +( O +100 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +and O +diazepam B-Chemical +( O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Thirty O +minutes O +after O +these O +injections O +, O +all O +mice O +received O +lidocaine B-Chemical +( O +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +second O +experiment O +, O +four O +groups O +of O +mice O +received O +similar O +treatment O +in O +the O +first O +experiment O +, O +and O +30 O +min O +after O +these O +injections O +, O +all O +mice O +received O +a O +higher O +dose O +of O +lidocaine B-Chemical +( O +80 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +NAME I-Chemical +( O +100 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +and O +diazepam B-Chemical +( O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +significantly O +decreased O +the O +incidence O +of O +lidocaine B-Chemical +( O +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +- O +induced O +convulsions O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast O +, O +the O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +treatment O +increased O +the O +incidence O +of O +lidocaine B-Chemical +( O +80 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +- O +induced O +convulsions O +significantly O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +may O +suggest O +that O +NO B-Chemical +is O +a O +proconvulsant O +mediator O +in O +lidocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +convulsions O +. O + +aps B-category +Erythropoietin O +restores O +the O +anemia O +- O +induced O +reduction O +in O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +cytotoxicity O +in O +rat O +tumors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +examine O +the O +impact O +of O +anemia O +prevention O +by O +recombinant O +human O +erythropoietin O +( O +rHuEPO O +) O +treatment O +on O +the O +cytotoxicity O +of O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +in O +solid O +experimental O +tumors O +. O + +aps B-category +Anemia O +was O +induced O +using O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +carboplatin B-Chemical +( O +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O +resulting O +in O +a O +long O +- O +lasting O +reduction O +( O +30 O +% O +) O +of O +the O +hemoglobin O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +second O +group O +, O +the O +development O +of O +anemia O +was O +prevented O +by O +rHuEPO O +( O +1000 O +IU O +/ O +kg O +) O +administered O +s O +. O +c O +. O +three O +times O +/ O +week O +starting O +7 O +days O +before O +carboplatin B-Chemical +application O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +days O +after O +carboplatin B-Chemical +treatment O +, O +tumors O +( O +DS O +- O +sarcoma O +of O +the O +rat O +) O +were O +implanted O +s O +. O +c O +. O +onto O +the O +hind O +food O +dorsum O +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +carboplatin B-Chemical +nor O +rHuEPO O +treatment O +influenced O +tumor O +growth O +rate O +per O +se O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +tumors O +were O +treated O +with O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +( O +60 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +5 O +days O +after O +implantation O +, O +a O +growth O +delay O +with O +a O +subsequent O +regrowth O +of O +the O +tumors O +was O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +anemia O +group O +, O +the O +growth O +delay O +was O +significantly O +shorter O +compared O +with O +nonanemic O +controls O +( O +13 O +. O +3 O +days O +versus O +8 O +. O +6 O +days O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +group O +where O +anemia O +was O +prevented O +by O +rHuEPO O +treatment O +, O +growth O +delay O +was O +comparable O +with O +that O +of O +nonanemic O +controls O +( O +13 O +. O +3 O +days O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +chemotherapy O +- O +induced O +anemia O +reduces O +cytotoxicity O +of O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +in O +tumors O +, O +whereas O +correction O +of O +anemia O +by O +rHuEPO O +treatment O +( O +epoetin O +alpha O +) O +increases O +the O +sensitivity O +, O +probably O +as O +a O +result O +of O +an O +improved O +oxygen B-Chemical +supply O +to O +tumor O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +Fatal O +haemorrhagic O +myocarditis O +secondary O +to O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Haemorrhagic O +myocarditis O +is O +a O +rare O +but O +important O +complication O +of O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Echocardiographic O +identification O +of O +the O +disorder O +can O +be O +made O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +believe O +that O +the O +ultrasound O +features O +of O +this O +disorder O +have O +not O +been O +previously O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +verapamil B-Chemical +on O +atrial O +fibrillation O +and O +its O +electrophysiological O +determinants O +in O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Atrial O +tachycardia O +- O +induced O +remodeling O +promotes O +the O +occurrence O +and O +maintenance O +of O +atrial O +fibrillation O +( O +AF O +) O +and O +decreases O +L O +- O +type O +Ca B-Chemical +( O +2 O ++ O +) O +current O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +is O +also O +a O +clinical O +suggestion O +that O +acute O +L O +- O +type O +Ca B-Chemical +( O +2 O +) O +channel O +blockade O +can O +promote O +AF O +, O +consistent O +with O +an O +AF O +promoting O +effect O +of O +Ca B-Chemical +( O +2 O ++ O +) O +channel O +inhibition O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +To O +evaluate O +the O +potential O +mechanisms O +of O +AF O +promotion O +by O +Ca B-Chemical +( O +2 O ++ O +) O +channel O +blockers O +, O +we O +administered O +verapamil B-Chemical +to O +morphine B-Chemical +- O +chloralose B-Chemical +anesthetized O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +Diltiazem B-Chemical +was O +used O +as O +a O +comparison O +drug O +and O +autonomic O +blockade O +with O +atropine B-Chemical +and O +nadolol B-Chemical +was O +applied O +in O +some O +experiments O +. O + +aps B-category +Epicardial O +mapping O +with O +240 O +epicardial O +electrodes O +was O +used O +to O +evaluate O +activation O +during O +AF O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Verapamil B-Chemical +caused O +AF O +promotion O +in O +six O +dogs O +, O +increasing O +mean O +duration O +of O +AF O +induced O +by O +burst O +pacing O +, O +from O +8 O ++ O +/ O +- O +4 O +s O +( O +mean O ++ O +/ O +- O +S O +. O +E O +. O +) O +to O +95 O ++ O +/ O +- O +39 O +s O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +vs O +. O +control O +) O +at O +a O +loading O +dose O +of O +0 O +. O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +and O +228 O ++ O +/ O +- O +101 O +s O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +0005 O +vs O +. O +control O +) O +at O +a O +dose O +of O +0 O +. O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +. O + +aps B-category +Underlying O +electrophysiological O +mechanisms O +were O +studied O +in O +detail O +in O +five O +additional O +dogs O +under O +control O +conditions O +and O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +the O +higher O +dose O +of O +verapamil B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +these O +experiments O +, O +verapamil B-Chemical +shortened O +mean O +effective O +refractory O +period O +( O +ERP O +) O +from O +122 O ++ O +/ O +- O +5 O +to O +114 O ++ O +/ O +- O +4 O +ms O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +02 O +) O +at O +a O +cycle O +length O +of O +300 O +ms O +, O +decreased O +ERP O +heterogeneity O +( O +from O +15 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +to O +10 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +% O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +, O +heterogeneously O +accelerated O +atrial O +conduction O +and O +decreased O +the O +cycle O +length O +of O +AF O +( O +94 O ++ O +/ O +- O +4 O +to O +84 O ++ O +/ O +- O +3 O +ms O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +005 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Diltiazem B-Chemical +did O +not O +affect O +ERP O +, O +AF O +cycle O +length O +or O +AF O +duration O +, O +but O +produced O +conduction O +acceleration O +similar O +to O +that O +caused O +by O +verapamil B-Chemical +( O +n O += O +5 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +autonomic O +blockade O +, O +verapamil B-Chemical +failed O +to O +promote O +AF O +and O +increased O +, O +rather O +than O +decreasing O +, O +refractoriness O +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +verapamil B-Chemical +nor O +diltiazem B-Chemical +affected O +atrial O +conduction O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +autonomic O +blockade O +. O + +aps B-category +Epicardial O +mapping O +suggested O +that O +verapamil B-Chemical +promoted O +AF O +by O +increasing O +the O +number O +of O +simultaneous O +wavefronts O +reflected O +by O +separate O +zones O +of O +reactivation O +in O +each O +cycle O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Verapamil B-Chemical +promotes O +AF O +in O +normal O +dogs O +by O +promoting O +multiple O +circuit O +reentry O +, O +an O +effect O +dependent O +on O +intact O +autonomic O +tone O +and O +not O +shared O +by O +diltiazem B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Calcitonin O +gene O +- O +related O +peptide O +levels O +during O +nitric B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +- O +induced O +headache O +in O +patients O +with O +chronic O +tension O +- O +type O +headache O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +has O +been O +proposed O +that O +nitric B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +( O +NO B-Chemical +) O +induced O +headache O +in O +primary O +headaches O +may O +be O +associated O +with O +release O +of O +calcitonin O +gene O +- O +related O +peptide O +( O +CGRP O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +present O +study O +we O +aimed O +to O +investigate O +plasma O +levels O +of O +CGRP O +during O +headache O +induced O +by O +the O +NO B-Chemical +donor O +glyceryl B-Chemical +trinitrate I-Chemical +( O +GTN B-Chemical +) O +in O +16 O +patients O +with O +chronic O +tension O +- O +type O +headache O +and O +16 O +healthy O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +subjects O +were O +randomly O +allocated O +to O +receive O +0 O +. O +5 O +microg O +/ O +kg O +/ O +min O +GTN B-Chemical +or O +placebo O +over O +20 O +min O +on O +two O +headache O +- O +free O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +Blood O +samples O +were O +collected O +at O +baseline O +, O +10 O +, O +20 O +and O +60 O +min O +after O +start O +of O +infusion O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +patients O +and O +controls O +developed O +significantly O +stronger O +immediate O +headache O +on O +the O +GTN B-Chemical +day O +than O +on O +the O +placebo O +day O +and O +the O +headache O +was O +significantly O +more O +pronounced O +in O +patients O +than O +in O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +difference O +between O +the O +area O +under O +the O +CGRP O +curve O +( O +AUCCGRP O +) O +on O +GTN B-Chemical +vs O +. O +placebo O +day O +in O +either O +patients O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +65 O +) O +or O +controls O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +48 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +AUCCGRP O +recorded O +on O +the O +GTN B-Chemical +day O +did O +not O +differ O +between O +patients O +and O +controls O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +36 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +in O +patients O +and O +controls O +, O +CGRP O +levels O +changed O +significantly O +over O +time O +, O +on O +both O +the O +GTN B-Chemical +and O +placebo O +days O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +study O +indicates O +that O +NO B-Chemical +- O +induced O +immediate O +headache O +is O +not O +associated O +with O +release O +of O +CGRP O +. O + +aps B-category +Fluconazole B-Chemical +- O +induced O +torsade O +de O +pointes O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +present O +a O +case O +of O +fluconazole B-Chemical +- O +associated O +torsade O +de O +pointes O +( O +TDP O +) O +and O +discuss O +fluconazole B-Chemical +' O +s O +role O +in O +causing O +TDP O +. O + +aps B-category +CASE O +SUMMARY O +: O +A O +68 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +white O +woman O +with O +Candida O +glabrata O +isolated O +from O +a O +presacral O +abscess O +developed O +TDP O +eight O +days O +after O +commencing O +oral O +fluconazole B-Chemical +The O +patient O +had O +no O +other O +risk O +factors O +for O +TDP O +, O +including O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +, O +cardiomyopathy O +, O +congestive O +heart O +failure O +, O +and O +electrolyte O +abnormalities O +There O +was O +a O +temporal O +association O +between O +the O +initiation O +of O +fluconazole B-Chemical +and O +TDP O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +TDP O +resolved O +when O +fluconazole B-Chemical +was O +discontinued O +; O +however O +, O +the O +patient O +continued O +to O +have O +premature O +ventricular O +contractions O +and O +nonsustained O +ventricular O +tachycardia O +( O +NSVT O +) O +until O +six O +days O +after O +drug O +cessation O +DISCUSSION O +: O +Use O +of O +the O +Naranjo O +probability O +scale O +indicates O +a O +probable O +relationship O +between O +the O +use O +of O +fluconazole B-Chemical +and O +the O +development O +of O +TDP O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +possible O +mechanism O +is O +depression O +of O +rapidly O +activating O +delayed O +rectifier O +potassium B-Chemical +currents O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +our O +patient O +, O +there O +was O +no O +other O +etiology O +identified O +that O +could O +explain O +QT O +prolongation O +or O +TDP O +The O +complete O +disappearance O +of O +NSVT O +and O +premature O +ventricular O +contractions O +followed O +by O +normalization O +of O +QT O +interval O +after O +the O +drug O +was O +stopped O +strongly O +suggests O +fluconazole B-Chemical +as O +the O +etiology O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Clinicians O +should O +be O +aware O +that O +fluconazole B-Chemical +, O +even O +at O +low O +doses O +, O +may O +cause O +prolongation O +of O +the O +QT O +interval O +, O +leading O +to O +TDP O +. O + +aps B-category +Serial O +electrocardiographic O +monitoring O +may O +be O +considered O +when O +fluconazole B-Chemical +is O +administered O +in O +patients O +who O +are O +at O +risk O +for O +ventricular O +arrhythmias O +. O + +aps B-category +Cutaneous O +leucocytoclastic O +vasculitis O +associated O +with O +oxacillin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +67 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +man O +who O +was O +treated O +with O +oxacillin B-Chemical +for O +one O +week O +because O +of O +Staphylococcus O +aureus O +bacteremia O +, O +developed O +renal O +failure O +and O +diffuse O +, O +symmetric O +, O +palpable O +purpuric O +lesions O +on O +his O +feet O +. O + +aps B-category +Necrotic O +blisters O +were O +noted O +on O +his O +fingers O +. O + +aps B-category +Skin O +biopsies O +showed O +findings O +diagnostic O +of O +leucocytoclastic O +vasculitis O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxacillin B-Chemical +was O +discontinued O +and O +patient O +was O +treated O +with O +corticosteroids B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rash O +disappeared O +after O +three O +weeks O +and O +renal O +function O +returned O +to O +normal O +. O + +aps B-category +Leucocytoclastic O +vasculitis O +presents O +as O +palpable O +purpura O +of O +the O +lower O +extremities O +often O +accompanied O +by O +abdominal O +pain O +, O +arthralgia O +, O +and O +renal O +involvement O +. O + +aps B-category +Etiologic O +factors O +or O +associated O +disorders O +include O +infections O +, O +medications O +, O +collagen O +vascular O +disease O +and O +neoplasia O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +in O +half O +of O +the O +cases O +no O +etiologic O +factor O +is O +identified O +. O + +aps B-category +Usually O +it O +is O +a O +self O +- O +limited O +disorder O +, O +but O +corticosteroid B-Chemical +therapy O +may O +be O +needed O +in O +life O +- O +threatening O +cases O +since O +early O +treatment O +with O +corticosteroids B-Chemical +in O +severe O +cases O +can O +prevent O +complications O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxacillin B-Chemical +should O +be O +included O +among O +the O +drugs O +that O +can O +cause O +leucocytoclastic O +vasculitis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +renal O +pathology O +in O +a O +case O +of O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +induced O +diabetes O +insipidus O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +case O +of O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +induced O +diabetes O +insipidus O +is O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +necropsy O +microscopy O +shoed O +unique O +and O +extensive O +damage O +to O +cells O +lining O +the O +distal O +nephron O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +these O +changes O +represent O +a O +specific O +toxic O +effect O +of O +lithium B-Chemical +, O +reported O +here O +for O +the O +first O +time O +in O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +Cholestatic O +jaundice O +associated O +with O +the O +use O +of O +metformin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +a O +patient O +who O +developed O +cholestatic O +jaundice O +shortly O +after O +initiation O +of O +treatment O +with O +metformin B-Chemical +hydrochloride I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Ultrasound O +of O +the O +liver O +and O +abdominal O +CT O +were O +normal O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +ERCP O +showed O +normal O +biliary O +anatomy O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +percutaneous O +liver O +biopsy O +was O +obtained O +showing O +marked O +cholestasis O +, O +with O +portal O +edema O +, O +ductular O +proliferation O +, O +and O +acute O +inflammation O +. O + +aps B-category +Metformin B-Chemical +hydrochloride I-Chemical +was O +discontinued O +, O +and O +the O +patient O +' O +s O +jaundice O +resolved O +slowly O +over O +a O +period O +of O +several O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +Given O +the O +onset O +of O +his O +jaundice O +2 O +wk O +after O +the O +initiation O +of O +metformin B-Chemical +, O +we O +believe O +that O +this O +case O +represents O +an O +example O +of O +metformin B-Chemical +- O +associated O +hepatotoxicity O +, O +the O +first O +such O +case O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +Systemic O +toxicity O +and O +resuscitation O +in O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +- O +, O +levobupivacaine B-Chemical +- O +, O +or O +ropivacaine B-Chemical +- O +infused O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +compared O +the O +systemic O +toxicity O +of O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +, O +levobupivacaine B-Chemical +, O +and O +ropivacaine B-Chemical +in O +anesthetized O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +also O +compared O +the O +ability O +to O +resuscitate O +rats O +after O +lethal O +doses O +of O +these O +local O +anesthetics O +. O + +aps B-category +Bupivacaine B-Chemical +, O +levobupivacaine B-Chemical +, O +or O +ropivacaine B-Chemical +was O +infused O +at O +a O +rate O +of O +2 O +mg O +. O + +aps B-category +kg O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +min O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +while O +electrocardiogram O +, O +electroencephalogram O +, O +and O +arterial O +pressure O +were O +continuously O +monitored O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +asystole O +was O +recorded O +, O +drug O +infusion O +was O +stopped O +and O +a O +resuscitation O +sequence O +was O +begun O +. O + +aps B-category +Epinephrine B-Chemical +0 O +. O +01 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +was O +administered O +at O +1 O +- O +min O +intervals O +while O +external O +cardiac O +compressions O +were O +applied O +. O + +aps B-category +Resuscitation O +was O +considered O +successful O +when O +a O +systolic O +arterial O +pressure O +> O +or O += O +100 O +mm O +Hg O +was O +achieved O +within O +5 O +min O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cumulative O +doses O +of O +levobupivacaine B-Chemical +and O +ropivacaine B-Chemical +that O +produced O +seizures O +were O +similar O +and O +were O +larger O +than O +those O +of O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cumulative O +doses O +of O +levobupivacaine B-Chemical +that O +produced O +dysrhythmias O +and O +asystole O +were O +smaller O +than O +the O +corresponding O +doses O +of O +ropivacaine B-Chemical +, O +but O +they O +were O +larger O +than O +those O +of O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +number O +of O +successful O +resuscitations O +did O +not O +differ O +among O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +a O +smaller O +dose O +of O +epinephrine B-Chemical +was O +required O +in O +the O +Ropivacaine B-Chemical +group O +than O +in O +the O +other O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +the O +systemic O +toxicity O +of O +levobupivacaine B-Chemical +is O +intermediate O +between O +that O +of O +ropivacaine B-Chemical +and O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +when O +administered O +at O +the O +same O +rate O +and O +that O +ropivacaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiac O +arrest O +appears O +to O +be O +more O +susceptible O +to O +treatment O +than O +that O +induced O +by O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +or O +levobupivacaine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Amphotericin B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +- O +induced O +seizures O +in O +a O +patient O +with O +AIDS O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +report O +a O +case O +of O +multiple O +episodes O +of O +seizure O +activity O +in O +an O +AIDS O +patent O +following O +amphotericin B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +infusion O +. O + +aps B-category +CASE O +SUMMARY O +: O +A O +46 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +African O +- O +American O +man O +experienced O +recurrent O +grand O +mal O +seizures O +during O +intravenous O +infusion O +of O +amphotericin B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +, O +then O +petit O +mal O +seizures O +as O +the O +infusion O +was O +stopped O +and O +the O +drug O +concentrations O +decreased O +with O +time O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patients O +concurrent O +medications O +included O +didanosine B-Chemical +, O +hydroxyzine B-Chemical +, O +promethazine B-Chemical +, O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +, O +and O +prochlorperazine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Despite O +administration O +of O +phenytoin B-Chemical +and O +lorazepam B-Chemical +, O +the O +seizures O +persisted O +and O +occurred O +only O +during O +amphotercin B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +DISCUSSION O +: O +AIDS O +and O +cryptococcal O +meningitis O +, O +both O +of O +which O +the O +patient O +had O +, O +can O +potentially O +cause O +seizures O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +had O +a O +history O +of O +alcohol O +abuse O +; O +alcohol B-Chemical +intake O +as O +well O +as O +withdrawal O +can O +also O +cause O +seizures O +. O + +aps B-category +Didanosine B-Chemical +also O +has O +a O +potential O +for O +inducing O +seizures O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +these O +other O +potential O +causes O +of O +seizure O +were O +ruled O +out O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +time O +course O +of O +events O +suggested O +that O +amphotericin B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +was O +the O +cause O +of O +the O +seizures O +in O +this O +AIDS O +patient O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Amphotericin B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +seems O +to O +be O +the O +probable O +cause O +of O +the O +seizures O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +date O +, O +only O +three O +cases O +of O +seizures O +associated O +with O +amphotericin B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +have O +been O +reported O +in O +the O +literature O +, O +but O +healthcare O +providers O +should O +be O +aware O +of O +the O +potential O +for O +this O +rare O +adverse O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Sirolimus B-Chemical +and O +mycophenolate B-Chemical +mofetil I-Chemical +for O +calcineurin O +- O +free O +immunosuppression O +in O +renal O +transplant O +recipients O +. O + +aps B-category +Calcineurin O +inhibitors O +, O +such O +as O +cyclosporine B-Chemical +and O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +, O +have O +been O +available O +for O +almost O +20 O +years O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +these O +drugs O +are O +highly O +effective O +and O +represent O +the O +mainstay O +of O +transplant O +immunosuppression O +, O +they O +are O +associated O +with O +acute O +and O +chronic O +nephrotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +nephrotoxicity O +, O +which O +occurs O +in O +the O +early O +period O +after O +transplantation O +, O +leads O +to O +a O +higher O +rate O +of O +dialysis O +, O +and O +chronic O +nephrotoxicity O +may O +eventually O +result O +in O +graft O +loss O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +and O +chronic O +nephrotoxicity O +is O +becoming O +more O +common O +as O +the O +use O +of O +marginal O +kidneys O +for O +transplantation O +increases O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +recently O +available O +immunosuppressive O +agents O +, O +mycophenolate B-Chemical +mofetil I-Chemical +and O +sirolimus B-Chemical +( O +rapamycin B-Chemical +) O +, O +have O +no O +nephrotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +use O +of O +these O +drugs O +in O +combination O +with O +other O +agents O +has O +led O +to O +the O +development O +of O +new O +paradigms O +of O +immunosuppressive O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +paper O +reviews O +the O +results O +of O +clinical O +trials O +that O +have O +investigated O +these O +new O +approaches O +to O +immunosuppression O +in O +renal O +transplant O +recipients O +. O + +aps B-category +Tolerability O +of O +nimesulide B-Chemical +and O +paracetamol B-Chemical +in O +patients O +with O +NSAID B-Chemical +- O +induced O +urticaria O +/ O +angioedema O +. O + +aps B-category +Previous O +studies O +evaluated O +the O +tolerance O +of O +nimesulide B-Chemical +and O +paracetamol B-Chemical +in O +subjects O +with O +cutaneous O +, O +respiratory O +and O +anaphylactoid O +reactions O +induced O +by O +nonsteroidal B-Chemical +anti I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +inflammatory I-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +( O +NSAIDs B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +study O +we O +investigated O +tolerability O +and O +reliability O +of O +nimesulide B-Chemical +and O +paracetamol B-Chemical +in O +a O +very O +large O +number O +of O +patients O +with O +an O +exclusive O +well O +- O +documented O +history O +of O +NSAID B-Chemical +- O +induced O +urticaria O +/ O +angioedema O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +we O +evaluated O +whether O +some O +factors O +have O +the O +potential O +to O +increase O +the O +risk O +of O +reaction O +to O +paracetamol B-Chemical +and O +nimesulide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +single O +- O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +oral O +challenge O +procedure O +with O +nimesulide B-Chemical +or O +paracetamol B-Chemical +was O +applied O +to O +829 O +patients O +with O +a O +history O +of O +NSAID B-Chemical +- O +induced O +urticaria O +/ O +angioedema O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +total O +of O +75 O +/ O +829 O +( O +9 O +. O +4 O +% O +) O +patients O +experienced O +reactions O +to O +nimesulide B-Chemical +or O +paracetamol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +the O +715 O +patients O +tested O +with O +nimesulide B-Chemical +62 O +( O +8 O +. O +6 O +% O +) O +showed O +a O +positive O +test O +, O +while O +of O +114 O +subjects O +submitted O +to O +the O +challenge O +with O +paracetamol B-Chemical +, O +13 O +( O +9 O +. O +6 O +% O +) O +did O +not O +tolerate O +this O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +18 O +. O +28 O +% O +of O +patients O +with O +a O +history O +of O +chronic O +urticaria O +and O +11 O +. O +8 O +% O +of O +subjects O +with O +an O +history O +of O +NSAID B-Chemical +- O +induced O +urticaria O +/ O +angioedema O +or O +angioedema O +alone O +( O +with O +or O +without O +chronic O +urticaria O +) O +resulted O +to O +be O +intolerant O +to O +alternative O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Taken O +together O +, O +our O +results O +confirm O +the O +good O +tolerability O +of O +nimesulide B-Chemical +and O +paracetamol B-Chemical +in O +patients O +who O +experienced O +urticaria O +/ O +angioedema O +caused O +by O +NSAIDs B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +risk O +of O +reaction O +to O +these O +alternative O +study O +drugs O +is O +statistically O +increased O +by O +a O +history O +of O +chronic O +urticaria O +and O +, O +above O +all O +, O +by O +a O +history O +of O +NSAID B-Chemical +- O +induced O +angioedema O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +aqueous O +and O +gellan O +ophthalmic O +timolol B-Chemical +with O +placebo O +on O +the O +24 O +- O +hour O +heart O +rate O +response O +in O +patients O +on O +treatment O +for O +glaucoma O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +Topical O +beta O +- O +blocker O +treatment O +is O +routine O +therapy O +in O +the O +management O +of O +patients O +with O +glaucoma O +. O + +aps B-category +Therapy O +results O +in O +systemic O +absorption O +, O +however O +, O +the O +degree O +of O +reduction O +of O +resting O +and O +peak O +heart O +rate O +has O +not O +been O +quantified O +. O + +aps B-category +DESIGN O +: O +This O +trial O +evaluated O +the O +effect O +of O +placebo O +, O +0 O +. O +5 O +% O +aqueous O +timolol B-Chemical +( O +timolol B-Chemical +solution O +) O +and O +a O +0 O +. O +5 O +% O +timolol B-Chemical +suspension O +that O +forms O +a O +gel O +on O +application O +to O +the O +conjunctiva O +( O +timolol B-Chemical +gellan O +) O +on O +the O +24 O +- O +hour O +heart O +rate O +in O +patients O +currently O +being O +treated O +for O +glaucoma O +to O +quantify O +the O +reduction O +in O +mean O +heart O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Forty O +- O +three O +Caucasian O +patients O +with O +primary O +open O +- O +angle O +glaucoma O +or O +ocular O +hypertension O +with O +a O +mean O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +SD O +) O +age O +of O +63 O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +8 O +) O +years O +were O +randomized O +and O +crossed O +over O +in O +a O +double O +- O +masked O +manner O +to O +14 O +days O +of O +treatment O +with O +placebo O +( O +morning O +and O +evening O +in O +both O +eyes O +) O +, O +timolol B-Chemical +solution O +( O +morning O +and O +evening O +in O +both O +eyes O +) O +, O +or O +timolol B-Chemical +gellan O +( O +morning O +in O +both O +eyes O +with O +placebo O +in O +the O +evening O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +13th O +day O +of O +each O +period O +, O +heart O +rate O +was O +recorded O +continuously O +during O +a O +typical O +, O +ambulant O +24 O +- O +hour O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Both O +timolol B-Chemical +solution O +and O +timolol B-Chemical +gellan O +reduced O +the O +mean O +24 O +- O +hour O +heart O +rate O +compared O +with O +placebo O +( O +P O +< O +or O += O +. O +001 O +) O +, O +and O +this O +reduction O +was O +most O +pronounced O +during O +the O +daytime O +( O +- O +7 O +. O +5 O +% O +change O +in O +mean O +heart O +rate O +, O +- O +5 O +. O +7 O +beats O +/ O +min O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Timolol B-Chemical +gellan O +showed O +a O +numerically O +but O +not O +significantly O +smaller O +reduction O +in O +24 O +- O +hour O +heart O +rate O +, O +compared O +with O +timolol B-Chemical +solution O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +the O +night O +, O +the O +mean O +12 O +- O +hour O +heart O +rate O +on O +placebo O +and O +timolol B-Chemical +gellan O +were O +both O +significantly O +less O +than O +on O +timolol B-Chemical +solution O +; O +the O +difference O +between O +solution O +and O +gellan O +treatments O +was O +statistically O +significant O +( O +P O += O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Both O +timolol B-Chemical +solution O +and O +timolol B-Chemical +gellan O +decrease O +the O +mean O +24 O +- O +hour O +heart O +rate O +compared O +with O +placebo O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +response O +was O +most O +pronounced O +during O +the O +active O +daytime O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +quantify O +the O +modest O +bradycardia O +associated O +with O +ophthalmic O +beta O +- O +blocker O +therapy O +in O +a O +typical O +patient O +population O +on O +therapy O +for O +glaucoma O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +exercise O +performance O +was O +not O +assessed O +in O +this O +trial O +, O +reductions O +of O +this O +magnitude O +should O +not O +have O +substantial O +clinical O +consequences O +. O + +aps B-category +Management O +strategies O +for O +ribavirin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hemolytic O +anemia O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +hepatitis O +C O +: O +clinical O +and O +economic O +implications O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVES O +: O +Recently O +published O +studies O +have O +demonstrated O +increased O +efficacy O +and O +cost O +- O +effectiveness O +of O +combination O +therapy O +with O +interferon O +and O +alpha O +- O +2b O +/ O +ribavirin B-Chemical +compared O +with O +interferon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +monotherapy O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +chronic O +hepatitis O +C O +( O +CHC O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Combination O +therapy O +is O +associated O +with O +a O +clinically O +important O +adverse O +effect O +: O +ribavirin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hemolytic O +anemia O +( O +RIHA O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +objective O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +evaluate O +the O +direct O +health O +- O +care O +costs O +and O +management O +of O +RIHA O +during O +treatment O +of O +CHC O +in O +a O +clinical O +trial O +setting O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +A O +systematic O +literature O +review O +was O +conducted O +to O +synthesize O +information O +on O +the O +incidence O +and O +management O +of O +RIHA O +. O + +aps B-category +Decision O +- O +analytic O +techniques O +were O +used O +to O +estimate O +the O +cost O +of O +treating O +RIHA O +. O + +aps B-category +Uncertainty O +was O +evaluated O +using O +sensitivity O +analyses O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +RIHA O +, O +defined O +as O +a O +reduction O +in O +hemoglobin O +to O +less O +than O +100 O +g O +/ O +L O +, O +occurs O +in O +approximately O +7 O +% O +to O +9 O +% O +of O +patients O +treated O +with O +combination O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +standard O +of O +care O +for O +management O +of O +RIHA O +is O +reduction O +or O +discontinuation O +of O +the O +ribavirin B-Chemical +dosage O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +estimated O +the O +direct O +cost O +of O +treating O +clinically O +significant O +RIHA O +to O +be O +170 O +per O +patient O +receiving O +combination O +therapy O +per O +48 O +- O +week O +treatment O +course O +( O +range O +68 O +- O +692 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +of O +the O +one O +- O +way O +sensitivity O +analyses O +ranged O +from O +57 O +to O +317 O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +comparison O +, O +the O +cost O +of O +48 O +weeks O +of O +combination O +therapy O +is O +16 O +, O +459 O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +The O +direct O +cost O +of O +treating O +clinically O +significant O +RIHA O +is O +1 O +% O +( O +170 O +/ O +16 O +, O +459 O +) O +of O +drug O +treatment O +costs O +. O + +aps B-category +Questions O +remain O +about O +the O +optimal O +dose O +of O +ribavirin B-Chemical +and O +the O +incidence O +of O +RIHA O +in O +a O +real O +- O +world O +population O +. O + +aps B-category +Despite O +these O +uncertainties O +, O +this O +initial O +evaluation O +of O +the O +direct O +cost O +of O +treating O +RIHA O +provides O +an O +estimate O +of O +the O +cost O +and O +management O +implications O +of O +this O +clinically O +important O +adverse O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Preliminary O +efficacy O +assessment O +of O +intrathecal O +injection O +of O +an O +American O +formulation O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +in O +humans O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Preclinical O +studies O +of O +intrathecal O +adenosine B-Chemical +suggest O +it O +may O +be O +effective O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +acute O +and O +chronic O +pain O +in O +humans O +, O +and O +preliminary O +studies O +in O +volunteers O +and O +patients O +with O +a O +Swedish O +formulation O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +suggests O +it O +may O +be O +effective O +in O +hypersensitivity O +states O +but O +not O +with O +acute O +noxious O +stimulation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purpose O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +screen O +for O +efficacy O +of O +a O +different O +formulation O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +marketed O +in O +the O +US O +, O +using O +both O +acute O +noxious O +stimulation O +and O +capsaicin B-Chemical +- O +evoked O +mechanical O +hypersensitivity O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Following O +Food O +and O +Drug O +Administration O +and O +institutional O +review O +board O +approval O +and O +written O +informed O +consent O +, O +65 O +volunteers O +were O +studied O +in O +two O +trials O +: O +an O +open O +- O +label O +, O +dose O +- O +escalating O +trial O +with O +intrathecal O +adenosine B-Chemical +doses O +of O +0 O +. O +25 O +- O +2 O +. O +0 O +mg O +and O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +, O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +trial O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +, O +2 O +mg O +. O + +aps B-category +Cerebrospinal O +fluid O +was O +obtained O +for O +pharmacokinetic O +analysis O +, O +and O +pain O +ratings O +in O +response O +to O +acute O +heat O +stimuli O +and O +areas O +of O +mechanical O +hyperalgesia O +and O +allodynia O +after O +intradermal O +capsaicin B-Chemical +injection O +were O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Adenosine B-Chemical +produced O +no O +effect O +on O +pain O +report O +to O +acute O +noxious O +thermal O +or O +chemical O +stimulation O +but O +reduced O +mechanical O +hyperalgesia O +and O +allodynia O +from O +intradermal O +capsaicin B-Chemical +injection O +for O +at O +least O +24 O +h O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast O +, O +residence O +time O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +in O +cerebrospinal O +fluid O +was O +short O +( O +< O +4 O +h O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +These O +results O +show O +selective O +inhibition O +by O +intrathecal O +adenosine B-Chemical +of O +hypersensitivity O +, O +presumed O +to O +reflect O +central O +sensitization O +in O +humans O +after O +peripheral O +capsaicin B-Chemical +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +long O +- O +lasting O +effect O +is O +consistent O +with O +that O +observed O +in O +preliminary O +reports O +of O +patients O +with O +chronic O +neuropathic O +pain O +and O +is O +not O +due O +to O +prolonged O +residence O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +in O +cerebrospinal O +fluid O +. O + +aps B-category +Delayed O +- O +onset O +heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thrombocytopenia O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thrombocytopenia O +presents O +5 O +to O +12 O +days O +after O +heparin B-Chemical +exposure O +, O +with O +or O +without O +arterial O +or O +venous O +thromboemboli O +. O + +aps B-category +Delayed O +recognition O +and O +treatment O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thrombocytopenia O +contribute O +to O +poor O +patient O +outcomes O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +describe O +and O +increase O +awareness O +of O +a O +clinical O +scenario O +in O +which O +the O +onset O +or O +manifestations O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thrombocytopenia O +are O +delayed O +. O + +aps B-category +DESIGN O +: O +Retrospective O +case O +series O +. O + +aps B-category +SETTING O +: O +Three O +large O +urban O +hospitals O +( O +with O +active O +cardiovascular O +surgery O +programs O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +PATIENTS O +: O +14 O +patients O +seen O +over O +a O +3 O +- O +year O +period O +in O +whom O +heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thrombocytopenia O +became O +apparent O +on O +delayed O +presentation O +with O +thromboembolic O +complications O +. O + +aps B-category +MEASUREMENTS O +: O +Platelet O +counts O +, O +onset O +of O +objectively O +determined O +thromboembolism O +, O +results O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +platelet O +factor O +4 O +antibody O +tests O +, O +and O +outcomes O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Patients O +went O +home O +after O +hospitalizations O +that O +had O +included O +heparin B-Chemical +exposure O +- O +- O +in O +most O +cases O +, O +with O +no O +thrombocytopenia O +recognized O +- O +- O +only O +to O +return O +to O +the O +hospital O +( O +median O +, O +day O +14 O +) O +with O +thromboembolic O +complications O +. O + +aps B-category +Thromboemboli O +were O +venous O +( O +12 O +patients O +, O +7 O +with O +pulmonary O +emboli O +) O +or O +arterial O +( O +4 O +patients O +) O +or O +both O +. O + +aps B-category +Platelet O +counts O +were O +mildly O +decreased O +in O +all O +but O +2 O +patients O +on O +second O +presentation O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +readmission O +, O +11 O +patients O +received O +therapeutic O +heparin B-Chemical +, O +which O +worsened O +the O +patients O +' O +clinical O +condition O +and O +, O +in O +all O +11 O +cases O +, O +decreased O +the O +platelet O +count O +( O +mean O +at O +readmission O +, O +143 O +x O +10 O +( O +9 O +) O +cells O +/ O +L O +; O +mean O +nadir O +after O +heparin B-Chemical +re O +- O +exposure O +, O +39 O +x O +10 O +( O +9 O +) O +cells O +/ O +L O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Results O +of O +serologic O +tests O +for O +heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +antibodies O +were O +positive O +in O +all O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Subsequent O +treatments O +included O +alternative O +anticoagulants O +( O +11 O +patients O +) O +, O +thrombolytic O +drugs O +( O +3 O +patients O +) O +, O +inferior O +vena O +cava O +filters O +( O +3 O +patients O +) O +and O +, O +eventually O +, O +warfarin B-Chemical +( O +11 O +patients O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +patients O +died O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Delayed O +- O +onset O +heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thrombocytopenia O +is O +increasingly O +being O +recognized O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +avoid O +disastrous O +outcomes O +, O +physicians O +must O +consider O +heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thrombocytopenia O +whenever O +a O +recently O +hospitalized O +patient O +returns O +with O +thromboembolism O +; O +therapy O +with O +alternative O +anticoagulants O +, O +not O +heparin B-Chemical +, O +should O +be O +initiated O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +of O +risperidone B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hyperprolactinemia O +with O +a O +dopamine B-Chemical +agonist O +in O +children O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Risperidone B-Chemical +, O +a O +potent O +antagonist O +of O +both O +serotonergic O +( O +5HT2A O +) O +and O +dopaminergic O +D2 O +receptors O +is O +associated O +with O +hyperprolactinemia O +in O +adults O +and O +children O +. O + +aps B-category +Chronically O +elevated O +prolactin O +levels O +in O +children O +with O +prolactinomas O +may O +be O +associated O +with O +arrested O +growth O +and O +development O +resulting O +in O +either O +delayed O +puberty O +or O +short O +stature O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +possibilities O +stress O +the O +importance O +of O +developing O +a O +safe O +and O +effective O +approach O +to O +drug O +- O +induced O +hyperprolactinemia O +in O +youth O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +the O +successful O +treatment O +of O +risperidone B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hyperprolactinemia O +with O +cabergoline B-Chemical +in O +youth O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +We O +undertook O +a O +retrospective O +case O +review O +of O +four O +children O +with O +risperidone B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hyperprolactinemia O +treated O +with O +cabergoline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Four O +males O +( O +age O +6 O +- O +11 O +years O +) O +with O +Diagnostic O +and O +Statistical O +Manual O +of O +Mental O +Disorders O +( O +fourth O +edition O +) O +bipolar O +disorder O +or O +psychoses O +, O +with O +risperidone B-Chemical +- O +induced O +elevations O +in O +serum O +prolactin O +levels O +( O +57 O +. O +5 O +- O +129 O +ng O +/ O +mL O +, O +normal O +5 O +- O +15 O +ng O +/ O +mL O +) O +, O +were O +treated O +with O +cabergoline B-Chemical +( O +mean O +dose O +2 O +. O +13 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +09 O +mg O +/ O +week O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +serum O +prolactin O +levels O +normalized O +in O +all O +four O +subjects O +( O +mean O +11 O +. O +2 O ++ O +/ O +- O +10 O +. O +9 O +ng O +/ O +mL O +) O +, O +the O +cabergoline B-Chemical +dose O +was O +reduced O +to O +1 O +mg O +/ O +week O +in O +three O +of O +four O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +duration O +of O +therapy O +with O +cabergoline B-Chemical +was O +523 O +. O +5 O ++ O +/ O +- O +129 O +. O +7 O +days O +, O +and O +the O +mean O +duration O +of O +therapy O +with O +risperidone B-Chemical +was O +788 O +. O +5 O ++ O +/ O +- O +162 O +. O +5 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +Cabergoline B-Chemical +was O +well O +tolerated O +without O +adverse O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Cabergoline B-Chemical +may O +be O +useful O +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +risperidone B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hyperprolactinemia O +in O +youth O +; O +however O +, O +further O +research O +is O +needed O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +cholestatic O +hepatitis O +after O +exposure O +to O +isoflurane B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +report O +a O +case O +of O +acute O +cholestatic O +hepatitis O +following O +exposure O +to O +the O +inhalational O +anesthetic O +isoflurane B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +CASE O +SUMMARY O +: O +A O +70 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +healthy O +woman O +from O +Iraq O +developed O +acute O +cholestatic O +hepatitis O +3 O +weeks O +following O +repair O +of O +the O +right O +rotator O +cuff O +under O +general O +anesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +evidence O +for O +viral O +, O +autoimmune O +, O +or O +metabolic O +causes O +of O +hepatitis O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +other O +medications O +were O +involved O +except O +for O +dipyrone B-Chemical +for O +analgesia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +alanine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +was O +elevated O +to O +a O +peak O +concentration O +of O +1533 O +U O +/ O +L O +and O +the O +serum O +bilirubin B-Chemical +reached O +a O +peak O +of O +17 O +. O +0 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +slow O +improvement O +over O +4 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +Accidental O +reexposure O +by O +the O +patient O +to O +dipyrone B-Chemical +was O +uneventful O +. O + +aps B-category +DISCUSSION O +: O +The O +clinical O +and O +histologic O +picture O +of O +this O +case O +resembles O +halothane O +hepatitis O +, O +which O +has O +a O +significant O +mortality O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Isoflurane B-Chemical +, O +a O +common O +anesthetic O +agent O +, O +can O +cause O +severe O +cholestatic O +hepatitis O +. O + +aps B-category +Torsade O +de O +pointes O +induced O +by O +metoclopramide B-Chemical +in O +an O +elderly O +woman O +with O +preexisting O +complete O +left O +bundle O +branch O +block O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +is O +a O +growing O +list O +of O +drugs O +implicated O +in O +acquired O +long O +QT O +syndrome O +and O +torsade O +de O +pointes O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +torsadogenic O +potential O +of O +metoclopramide B-Chemical +, O +a O +commonly O +used O +antiemetic O +and O +prokinetic O +drug O +, O +has O +not O +been O +reported O +in O +the O +literature O +, O +despite O +its O +chemical O +similarity O +to O +procainamide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +on O +a O +92 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +with O +preexisting O +complete O +left O +bundle O +branch O +block O +who O +developed O +torsade O +de O +pointes O +after O +intravenous O +and O +oral O +administration O +of O +metoclopramide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +patient O +also O +developed O +torsade O +de O +pointes O +when O +cisapride B-Chemical +and O +erythromycin B-Chemical +were O +given O +simultaneously O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +two O +episodes O +were O +suppressed O +successfully O +after O +discontinuing O +the O +offending O +drugs O +and O +administering O +class O +IB O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +is O +the O +first O +documentation O +that O +metoclopramide B-Chemical +provokes O +torsade O +de O +pointes O +clinically O +. O + +aps B-category +Metoclopramide B-Chemical +should O +be O +used O +cautiously O +in O +patients O +with O +a O +risk O +of O +torsade O +de O +pointes O +. O + +aps B-category +Dopamine B-Chemical +D2 O +receptor O +signaling O +controls O +neuronal O +cell O +death O +induced O +by O +muscarinic O +and O +glutamatergic O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Dopamine B-Chemical +( O +DA B-Chemical +) O +, O +through O +D1 O +/ O +D2 O +receptor O +- O +mediated O +signaling O +, O +plays O +a O +major O +role O +in O +the O +control O +of O +epileptic O +seizures O +arising O +in O +the O +limbic O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Excitotoxicity O +leading O +to O +neuronal O +cell O +death O +in O +the O +affected O +areas O +is O +a O +major O +consequence O +of O +seizures O +at O +the O +cellular O +level O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +respect O +, O +little O +is O +known O +about O +the O +role O +of O +DA B-Chemical +receptors O +in O +the O +occurrence O +of O +epilepsy O +- O +induced O +neuronal O +cell O +death O +. O + +aps B-category +Here O +we O +analyze O +the O +occurrence O +of O +seizures O +and O +neurotoxicity O +in O +D2R O +- O +/ O +- O +mice O +treated O +with O +the O +cholinergic O +agonist O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +compared O +these O +results O +with O +those O +previously O +obtained O +with O +kainic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +KA B-Chemical +) O +, O +a O +potent O +glutamate B-Chemical +agonist O +. 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O + +aps B-category +To O +investigate O +this O +hypothesis O +, O +the O +present O +study O +in O +rats O +examined O +the O +memory O +- O +altering O +abilities O +of O +structural O +analogs O +of O +PREGS B-Chemical +, O +which O +differ O +in O +their O +modulation O +of O +NMDAR O +and O +/ O +or O +GABA B-Chemical +( O +A O +) O +R O +function O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Potassium B-Chemical +depletion O +also O +potentiates O +the O +tubular O +toxicity O +of O +AmB B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +was O +designed O +to O +assess O +the O +ability O +of O +spironolactone B-Chemical +to O +reduce O +potassium B-Chemical +requirements O +and O +to O +prevent O +hypokalemia O +in O +neutropenic O +patients O +on O +AmB B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +In O +this O +study O +26 O +patients O +with O +various O +hematological O +disorders O +were O +randomized O +to O +receive O +either O +intravenous O +AmB B-Chemical +alone O +or O +AmB B-Chemical +and O +oral O +spironolactone B-Chemical +100 O +mg O +twice O +daily O +when O +developing O +a O +proven O +or O +suspected O +fungal O +infection O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Intracavernous O +pressures O +, O +following O +electrical O +stimulation O +of O +the O +cavernous O +nerve O +, O +decreased O +in O +lesioned O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +Lesions O +of O +the O +substantia O +nigra O +were O +confirmed O +by O +histology O +. O + +aps B-category +Concentration O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +its O +metabolites O +were O +decreased O +in O +the O +striatum O +of O +substantia O +nigra O +lesioned O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Lesions O +of O +the O +substantia O +nigra O +are O +therefore O +associated O +with O +erectile O +dysfunction O +in O +rats O +and O +may O +serve O +as O +a O +model O +to O +study O +erectile O +dysfunction O +in O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Nicotine B-Chemical +potentiation O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +catalepsy O +in O +mice O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Intracerebroventricular O +injection O +of O +atropine B-Chemical +, O +hexamethonium B-Chemical +, O +and O +naloxone B-Chemical +also O +decreased O +catalepsy O +induced O +by O +morphine B-Chemical +plus O +nicotine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Intraperitoneal O +administration O +of O +atropine B-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +intraperitoneal O +or O +intracerebroventricular O +injection O +of O +hexamethonium B-Chemical +, O +decreased O +the O +effect O +of O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +concluded O +that O +morphine B-Chemical +catalepsy O +can O +be O +elicited O +by O +opioid O +and O +cholinergic O +receptors O +, O +and O +the O +potentiation O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +induced O +by O +nicotine B-Chemical +may O +also O +be O +mediated O +through O +cholinergic O +receptor O +mechanisms O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +a O +distal O +tubular O +acidification O +defect O +may O +result O +, O +thus O +impairing O +the O +normal O +compensatory O +drop O +in O +urine O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +factors O +can O +lead O +to O +the O +development O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +nephrolithiasis O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +the O +first O +two O +cases O +of O +topiramate B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephrolithiasis O +in O +the O +urologic O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +Ketamine B-Chemical +in O +war O +/ O +tropical O +surgery O +( O +a O +final O +tribute O +to O +the O +racemic O +mixture O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +PATIENTS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +29 O +patients O +were O +enrolled O +on O +a O +study O +of O +thalidomide B-Chemical +using O +an O +intra O +- O +patient O +dose O +escalation O +schedule O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +began O +thalidomide B-Chemical +at O +400 O +mg O +/ O +d O +and O +escalated O +as O +tolerated O +to O +1200 O +mg O +/ O +d O +by O +day O +54 O +. O + +aps B-category +Fifty O +- O +nine O +per O +cent O +of O +patients O +had O +had O +previous O +therapy O +with O +IL O +- O +2 O +and O +52 O +% O +were O +performance O +status O +2 O +or O +3 O +. O + +aps B-category +Systemic O +plasma O +VEGF165 O +levels O +were O +measured O +by O +dual O +monoclonal O +ELISA O +in O +8 O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +24 O +patients O +were O +evaluable O +for O +response O +with O +one O +partial O +response O +of O +11 O +months O +duration O +of O +a O +patient O +with O +hepatic O +and O +pulmonary O +metastases O +( O +4 O +% O +) O +, O +one O +minor O +response O +, O +and O +2 O +patients O +stable O +for O +over O +6 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +Somnolence O +and O +constipation O +were O +prominent O +toxicities O +and O +most O +patients O +could O +not O +tolerate O +the O +1200 O +mg O +/ O +day O +dose O +level O +. O + +aps B-category +Systemic O +plasma O +VEGF165 O +levels O +did O +not O +change O +with O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +These O +results O +are O +consistent O +with O +a O +low O +level O +of O +activity O +of O +thalidomide B-Chemical +in O +renal O +cell O +carcinoma O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +doses O +over O +800 O +mg O +/ O +day O +was O +difficult O +to O +achieve O +in O +this O +patient O +population O +, O +however O +lower O +doses O +were O +practical O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dose O +- O +response O +relationship O +, O +if O +any O +, O +of O +thalidomide B-Chemical +for O +renal O +cell O +carcinoma O +is O +unclear O +. O + +aps B-category +Can O +lidocaine B-Chemical +reduce O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +induced O +postoperative O +myalgia O +? O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +was O +undertaken O +to O +determine O +the O +effect O +of O +lidocaine B-Chemical +pretreatment O +on O +reduction O +of O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +myalgia O +in O +patients O +undergoing O +general O +anesthesia O +for O +gynecological O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +hundred O +and O +thirty O +- O +five O +patients O +were O +assigned O +to O +one O +of O +three O +groups O +in O +a O +prospective O +, O +double O +blind O +, O +randomized O +manner O +. O + +aps B-category +Group O +PS O +, O +the O +control O +group O +, O +received O +normal O +saline O +and O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +1 O +. O +5 O +mg O +x O +kg O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +; O +Group O +LS O +, O +lidocaine B-Chemical +1 O +. O +5 O +mg O +x O +kg O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +and O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +1 O +. O +5 O +mg O +x O +kg O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +; O +Group O +PR O +, O +normal O +saline O +and O +rocuronium B-Chemical +0 O +. O +6 O +mg O +x O +kg O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Morphine B-Chemical +0 O +. O +1 O +mg O +x O +kg O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +iv O +was O +given O +for O +premedication O +and O +all O +patients O +were O +monitored O +with O +a O +noninvasive O +blood O +pressure O +monitor O +, O +ECG O +and O +pulse O +oximetry O +. O + +aps B-category +Anesthesia O +was O +induced O +with O +5 O +mg O +. O +kg O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +thiopental B-Chemical +iv O +. O +followed O +by O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +( O +Group O +PS O +, O +LS O +) O +or O +rocuronium B-Chemical +( O +Group O +PR O +) O +for O +tracheal O +intubation O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +administration O +of O +these O +agents O +, O +the O +presence O +, O +and O +degree O +of O +fasciculation O +were O +assessed O +visually O +on O +a O +four O +point O +scale O +by O +one O +investigator O +who O +was O +blinded O +to O +the O +drug O +administered O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +blood O +pressure O +and O +heart O +rate O +of O +each O +patient O +were O +monitored O +on O +nine O +occasions O +. O + +aps B-category +Twenty O +- O +four O +hours O +later O +, O +any O +myalgia O +experienced O +was O +assessed O +according O +to O +a O +structured O +questionaire O +and O +graded O +by O +a O +four O +point O +scale O +by O +one O +investigator O +blinded O +to O +the O +intraoperative O +management O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +indicate O +that O +muscle O +fasciculation O +was O +not O +found O +in O +Group O +PR O +while O +the O +patients O +in O +Group O +LS O +had O +a O +lower O +incidence O +of O +muscle O +fasciculation O +than O +those O +in O +Group O +PS O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +24 O +h O +, O +the O +incidence O +of O +myalgia O +was O +higher O +in O +Group O +PS O +than O +in O +Group O +LS O +and O +PR O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +correlation O +was O +not O +found O +between O +the O +incidence O +of O +myalgia O +and O +the O +occurrence O +of O +muscle O +fasciculation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +changes O +in O +systolic O +and O +diastolic O +blood O +pressure O +and O +heart O +rate O +were O +not O +significant O +among O +the O +three O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +conclusion O +, O +where O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +is O +used O +, O +lidocaine B-Chemical +is O +proven O +to O +be O +the O +useful O +pretreatment O +agent O +for O +the O +reduction O +of O +postoperative O +myalgia O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduced O +sodium B-Chemical +channel O +density O +, O +altered O +voltage O +dependence O +of O +inactivation O +, O +and O +increased O +susceptibility O +to O +seizures O +in O +mice O +lacking O +sodium B-Chemical +channel O +beta O +2 O +- O +subunits O +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +channel O +beta O +- O +subunits O +modulate O +channel O +gating O +, O +assembly O +, O +and O +cell O +surface O +expression O +in O +heterologous O +cell O +systems O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +generated O +beta2 O +( O +- O +/ O +- O +) O +mice O +to O +investigate O +the O +role O +of O +beta2 O +in O +control O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +channel O +density O +, O +localization O +, O +and O +function O +in O +neurons O +in O +vivo O +. O + +aps B-category +Measurements O +of O +[ O +( O +3 O +) O +H O +] O +saxitoxin B-Chemical +( O +STX B-Chemical +) O +binding O +showed O +a O +significant O +reduction O +in O +the O +level O +of O +plasma O +membrane O +sodium B-Chemical +channels O +in O +beta2 O +( O +- O +/ O +- O +) O +neurons O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +loss O +of O +beta2 O +resulted O +in O +negative O +shifts O +in O +the O +voltage O +dependence O +of O +inactivation O +as O +well O +as O +significant O +decreases O +in O +sodium B-Chemical +current O +density O +in O +acutely O +dissociated O +hippocampal O +neurons O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +integral O +of O +the O +compound O +action O +potential O +in O +optic O +nerve O +was O +significantly O +reduced O +, O +and O +the O +threshold O +for O +action O +potential O +generation O +was O +increased O +, O +indicating O +a O +reduction O +in O +the O +level O +of O +functional O +plasma O +membrane O +sodium B-Chemical +channels O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast O +, O +the O +conduction O +velocity O +, O +the O +number O +and O +size O +of O +axons O +in O +the O +optic O +nerve O +, O +and O +the O +specific O +localization O +of O +Na B-Chemical +( O +v O +) O +1 O +. O +6 O +channels O +in O +the O +nodes O +of O +Ranvier O +were O +unchanged O +. O + +aps B-category +beta2 O +( O +- O +/ O +- O +) O +mice O +displayed O +increased O +susceptibility O +to O +seizures O +, O +as O +indicated O +by O +reduced O +latency O +and O +threshold O +for O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +seizures O +, O +but O +seemed O +normal O +in O +other O +neurological O +tests O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +observations O +show O +that O +beta2 O +- O +subunits O +play O +an O +important O +role O +in O +the O +regulation O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +channel O +density O +and O +function O +in O +neurons O +in O +vivo O +and O +are O +required O +for O +normal O +action O +potential O +generation O +and O +control O +of O +excitability O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +liver O +failure O +with O +concurrent O +bupropion B-Chemical +and O +carbimazole B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +report O +a O +case O +of O +fatal O +liver O +failure O +possibly O +associated O +with O +concurrent O +use O +of O +bupropion B-Chemical +and O +carbimazole B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +CASE O +SUMMARY O +: O +A O +41 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +Chinese O +man O +with O +a O +history O +of O +hyperthyroidism O +had O +been O +treated O +with O +carbimazole B-Chemical +and O +propranolol B-Chemical +for O +the O +past O +5 O +years O +. O + +aps B-category +He O +received O +a O +10 O +- O +day O +course O +of O +bupropion B-Chemical +as O +an O +aid O +for O +smoking O +cessation O +10 O +weeks O +prior O +to O +presentation O +. O + +aps B-category +He O +developed O +acute O +liver O +failure O +with O +rapid O +deterioration O +of O +renal O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +Liver O +biopsy O +showed O +evidence O +of O +nonspecific O +drug O +- O +induced O +acute O +liver O +injury O +. O + +aps B-category +His O +condition O +was O +further O +complicated O +by O +sepsis O +and O +coagulopathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Death O +resulted O +19 O +days O +after O +the O +onset O +of O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +likelihood O +that O +bupropion B-Chemical +induced O +hepatotoxicity O +in O +our O +patient O +was O +possible O +, O +based O +on O +the O +Naranjo O +probability O +scale O +. O + +aps B-category +DISCUSSION O +: O +Although O +there O +is O +increasing O +evidence O +of O +hepatotoxicity O +induced O +by O +bupropion B-Chemical +, O +this O +is O +the O +first O +case O +of O +fatality O +that O +could O +have O +resulted O +from O +acute O +liver O +failure O +in O +a O +patient O +receiving O +bupropion B-Chemical +while O +on O +concomitant O +treatment O +with O +carbimazole B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Clinicians O +should O +be O +aware O +of O +the O +possibility O +of O +acute O +liver O +insult O +induced O +by O +bupropion B-Chemical +given O +concurrently O +with O +other O +hepatotoxic O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Pyeloureteral O +filling O +defects O +associated O +with O +systemic O +anticoagulation O +: O +a O +case O +report O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +etiology O +of O +pyeloureteritis O +cystica O +has O +long O +been O +attributed O +to O +chronic O +infection O +and O +inflammation O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +case O +is O +presented O +that O +is O +unique O +in O +that O +the O +acute O +onset O +and O +the O +rapid O +resolution O +of O +pyeloureteral O +filling O +defects O +in O +this O +patient O +were O +documented O +by O +radiography O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +is O +no O +evidence O +of O +antecedent O +or O +concurrent O +infection O +in O +this O +patient O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +disease O +occurred O +subsequent O +to O +the O +initiation O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +therapy O +for O +suspected O +pelvic O +thrombophlebitis O +and O +cleared O +rapidly O +subsequent O +to O +its O +discontinuation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +resolution O +of O +the O +radiographic O +findings O +may O +be O +helpful O +in O +distinguishing O +between O +true O +pyeloureteritis O +cystica O +and O +submucosal O +hemorrhage O +. O + +aps B-category +Nephrotoxic O +effects O +in O +high O +- O +risk O +patients O +undergoing O +angiography O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +The O +use O +of O +iodinated O +contrast O +medium O +can O +result O +in O +nephropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Whether O +iso O +- O +osmolar O +contrast O +medium O +is O +less O +nephrotoxic O +than O +low O +- O +osmolar O +contrast O +medium O +in O +high O +- O +risk O +patients O +is O +uncertain O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +We O +conducted O +a O +randomized O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +, O +prospective O +, O +multicenter O +study O +comparing O +the O +nephrotoxic O +effects O +of O +an O +iso O +- O +osmolar O +, O +dimeric O +, O +nonionic O +contrast O +medium O +, O +iodixanol B-Chemical +, O +with O +those O +of O +a O +low O +- O +osmolar O +, O +nonionic O +, O +monomeric O +contrast O +medium O +, O +iohexol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +study O +involved O +129 O +patients O +with O +diabetes O +with O +serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +concentrations O +of O +1 O +. O +5 O +to O +3 O +. O +5 O +mg O +per O +deciliter O +who O +underwent O +coronary O +or O +aortofemoral O +angiography O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +primary O +end O +point O +was O +the O +peak O +increase O +from O +base O +line O +in O +the O +creatinine B-Chemical +concentration O +during O +the O +three O +days O +after O +angiography O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +end O +points O +were O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +creatinine B-Chemical +concentration O +of O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +per O +deciliter O +or O +more O +, O +an O +increase O +of O +1 O +. O +0 O +mg O +per O +deciliter O +or O +more O +, O +and O +a O +change O +in O +the O +creatinine B-Chemical +concentration O +from O +day O +0 O +to O +day O +7 O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +creatinine B-Chemical +concentration O +increased O +significantly O +less O +in O +patients O +who O +received O +iodixanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +From O +day O +0 O +to O +day O +3 O +, O +the O +mean O +peak O +increase O +in O +creatinine B-Chemical +was O +0 O +. O +13 O +mg O +per O +deciliter O +in O +the O +iodixanol B-Chemical +group O +and O +0 O +. O +55 O +mg O +per O +deciliter O +in O +the O +iohexol B-Chemical +group O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +001 O +; O +the O +increase O +with O +iodixanol B-Chemical +minus O +the O +increase O +with O +iohexol B-Chemical +, O +- O +0 O +. O +42 O +mg O +per O +deciliter O +[ O +95 O +percent O +confidence O +interval O +, O +- O +0 O +. O +73 O +to O +- O +0 O +. O +22 O +] O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +of O +the O +64 O +patients O +in O +the O +iodixanol B-Chemical +group O +( O +3 O +percent O +) O +had O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +creatinine B-Chemical +concentration O +of O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +per O +deciliter O +or O +more O +, O +as O +compared O +with O +17 O +of O +the O +65 O +patients O +in O +the O +iohexol B-Chemical +group O +( O +26 O +percent O +) O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +002 O +; O +odds O +ratio O +for O +such O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +iodixanol B-Chemical +group O +, O +0 O +. O +09 O +[ O +95 O +percent O +confidence O +interval O +, O +0 O +. O +02 O +to O +0 O +. O +41 O +] O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +patient O +receiving O +iodixanol B-Chemical +had O +an O +increase O +of O +1 O +. O +0 O +mg O +per O +deciliter O +or O +more O +, O +but O +10 O +patients O +in O +the O +iohexol B-Chemical +group O +( O +15 O +percent O +) O +did O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +change O +in O +the O +creatinine B-Chemical +concentration O +from O +day O +0 O +to O +day O +7 O +was O +0 O +. O +07 O +mg O +per O +deciliter O +in O +the O +iodixanol B-Chemical +group O +and O +0 O +. O +24 O +mg O +per O +deciliter O +in O +the O +iohexol B-Chemical +group O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +003 O +; O +value O +in O +the O +iodixanol B-Chemical +group O +minus O +the O +value O +in O +the O +iohexol B-Chemical +group O +, O +- O +0 O +. O +17 O +mg O +per O +deciliter O +[ O +95 O +percent O +confidence O +interval O +, O +- O +0 O +. O +34 O +to O +- O +0 O +. O +07 O +] O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Nephropathy O +induced O +by O +contrast O +medium O +may O +be O +less O +likely O +to O +develop O +in O +high O +- O +risk O +patients O +when O +iodixanol B-Chemical +is O +used O +rather O +than O +a O +low O +- O +osmolar O +, O +nonionic O +contrast O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +Protective O +effect O +of O +edaravone B-Chemical +against O +streptomycin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +vestibulotoxicity O +in O +the O +guinea O +pig O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +investigated O +alleviation O +of O +streptomycin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +vestibulotoxicity O +by O +edaravone B-Chemical +in O +guinea O +pigs O +. O + +aps B-category +Edaravone B-Chemical +, O +a O +free O +radical O +scavenger O +, O +has O +potent O +free O +radical O +quenching O +action O +and O +is O +used O +in O +clinical O +practice O +to O +treat O +cerebral O +infarction O +. O + +aps B-category +Streptomycin B-Chemical +was O +administered O +to O +the O +inner O +ear O +by O +osmotic O +pump O +for O +24 O +h O +, O +and O +edaravone B-Chemical +( O +n O += O +8 O +) O +or O +saline O +( O +n O += O +6 O +) O +was O +intraperitoneally O +injected O +once O +a O +day O +for O +7 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +observed O +horizontal O +vestibulo O +- O +ocular O +reflex O +as O +a O +marker O +of O +postoperative O +vestibular O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +Animals O +injected O +with O +saline O +showed O +statistically O +smaller O +gains O +than O +those O +injected O +with O +edaravone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +edaravone B-Chemical +suppresses O +streptomycin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +vestibulotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +oromandibular O +dystonia O +in O +progressive O +supranuclear O +palsy O +. O + +aps B-category +Levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +dyskinesias O +have O +been O +reported O +in O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +and O +multiple O +system O +atrophy O +. O + +aps B-category +Cranial O +dystonias O +are O +rare O +in O +patients O +with O +progressive O +supranuclear O +palsy O +( O +PSP O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +report O +we O +describe O +an O +unusual O +case O +of O +reversible O +levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +Oromandibular O +dystonia O +( O +OMD O +) O +in O +a O +PSP O +patient O +to O +highlight O +the O +importance O +of O +recognizing O +this O +drug O +related O +complication O +in O +the O +management O +of O +PSP O +, O +and O +discuss O +the O +possible O +underlying O +pathophysiology O +. O + +aps B-category +Case O +report O +: O +Dexatrim B-Chemical +( O +Phenylpropanolamine B-Chemical +) O +as O +a O +cause O +of O +myocardial O +infarction O +. O + +aps B-category +Phenylpropanolamine B-Chemical +( O +PPA B-Chemical +) O +is O +a O +sympathetic O +amine B-Chemical +used O +in O +over O +- O +the O +- O +counter O +cold O +remedies O +and O +weight O +- O +control O +preparations O +worldwide O +. O + +aps B-category +Its O +use O +has O +been O +associated O +with O +hypertensive O +episodes O +and O +hemorrhagic O +strokes O +in O +younger O +women O +. O + +aps B-category +Several O +reports O +have O +linked O +the O +abuse O +of O +PPA B-Chemical +with O +myocardial O +injury O +, O +especially O +when O +overdose O +is O +involved O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +here O +the O +first O +case O +of O +Dexatrim B-Chemical +( O +PPA B-Chemical +) O +- O +induced O +myocardial O +injury O +in O +a O +young O +woman O +who O +was O +using O +it O +at O +recommended O +doses O +for O +weight O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +we O +review O +the O +7 O +other O +cases O +of O +PPA B-Chemical +related O +myocardial O +injury O +that O +have O +been O +reported O +so O +far O +. O + +aps B-category +Physicians O +and O +patients O +should O +be O +alert O +to O +the O +potential O +cardiac O +risk O +associated O +with O +the O +use O +of O +PPA B-Chemical +, O +even O +at O +doses O +generally O +considered O +to O +be O +safe O +. O + +aps B-category +Differential O +diagnosis O +of O +high O +serum O +creatine B-Chemical +kinase O +levels O +in O +systemic O +lupus O +erythematosus O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +the O +clinical O +and O +bioptic O +findings O +for O +a O +57 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +with O +severe O +chloroquine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +myopathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +1989 O +, O +she O +had O +been O +suffering O +from O +systemic O +lupus O +erythematosus O +( O +SLE O +) O +with O +renal O +involvement O +and O +undergone O +periods O +of O +treatment O +with O +azathioprine B-Chemical +and O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Additional O +therapy O +with O +chloroquine B-Chemical +( O +CQ B-Chemical +) O +was O +started O +because O +of O +arthralgia O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +the O +same O +time O +, O +slightly O +increased O +creatine B-Chemical +kinase O +( O +CK O +) O +levels O +were O +noted O +. O + +aps B-category +Myositis O +was O +suspected O +, O +and O +the O +patient O +was O +treated O +with O +steroids B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +CK O +increase O +persisted O +, O +however O +, O +and O +she O +developed O +progressive O +muscular O +weakness O +and O +muscular O +atrophy O +. O + +aps B-category +Routine O +controls O +revealed O +markedly O +elevated O +CK O +levels O +of O +1 O +, O +700 O +U O +/ O +l O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +neurological O +and O +electrophysiological O +findings O +were O +not O +typical O +of O +myositis O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +muscle O +biopsy O +of O +the O +deltoid O +muscle O +was O +performed O +in O +order O +to O +exclude O +polymyositis O +or O +toxic O +myopathy O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +it O +revealed O +chloroquine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +myopathy O +, O +medication O +was O +stopped O +. O + +aps B-category +Discriminating O +between O +primary O +SLE O +- O +induced O +affection O +of O +the O +musculoskeletal O +system O +and O +drug O +- O +induced O +side O +effects O +is O +important O +for O +appropriate O +treatment O +of O +SLE O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Seizure O +associated O +with O +sleep O +deprivation O +and O +sustained O +- O +release O +bupropion B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +case O +report O +describes O +a O +generalized O +seizure O +associated O +with O +sustained O +- O +release O +bupropion B-Chemical +use O +and O +sleep O +deprivation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +subject O +, O +a O +31 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +female O +smoker O +, O +was O +participating O +in O +a O +clinical O +trial O +evaluating O +an O +investigational O +medication O +for O +smoking O +cessation O +that O +used O +sustained O +- O +release O +bupropion B-Chemical +as O +an O +active O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +5 O +weeks O +of O +bupropion B-Chemical +use O +, O +the O +subject O +experienced O +a O +generalized O +tonic O +clonic O +seizure O +after O +staying O +up O +nearly O +all O +night O +packing O +and O +moving O +to O +a O +new O +residence O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +had O +no O +other O +risk O +factors O +for O +seizures O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +suggest O +that O +sleep O +deprivation O +may O +add O +to O +the O +risk O +of O +bupropion B-Chemical +- O +associated O +seizures O +. O + +aps B-category +Postoperative O +myalgia O +after O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +: O +no O +evidence O +for O +an O +inflammatory O +origin O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +common O +side O +effect O +associated O +with O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +is O +postoperative O +myalgia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pathogenesis O +of O +this O +myalgia O +is O +still O +unclear O +; O +inflammation O +has O +been O +suggested O +but O +without O +convincing O +evidence O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +designed O +the O +present O +study O +to O +investigate O +whether O +an O +inflammatory O +reaction O +contributes O +to O +this O +myalgia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +and O +severity O +of O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +- O +associated O +myalgia O +was O +determined O +in O +64 O +patients O +pretreated O +with O +saline O +or O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +before O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +( O +n O += O +32 O +for O +each O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Incidence O +and O +severity O +of O +myalgia O +did O +not O +differ O +significantly O +between O +the O +two O +groups O +: O +15 O +patients O +in O +the O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +group O +complained O +of O +myalgia O +compared O +with O +18 O +patients O +in O +the O +saline O +group O +, O +and O +severe O +myalgia O +was O +reported O +by O +five O +patients O +and O +three O +patients O +, O +respectively O +( O +not O +significant O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +48 O +h O +after O +surgery O +, O +12 O +patients O +in O +both O +groups O +still O +suffered O +from O +myalgia O +( O +not O +significant O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +interleukin O +- O +6 O +( O +IL O +- O +6 O +) O +as O +an O +early O +marker O +of O +inflammation O +was O +assessed O +in O +a O +subgroup O +of O +10 O +patients O +pretreated O +with O +saline O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +found O +an O +increase O +of O +IL O +- O +6 O +for O +only O +three O +patients O +, O +but O +only O +one O +patient O +reported O +myalgia O +; O +no O +relationship O +between O +myalgia O +and O +the O +increase O +of O +IL O +- O +6 O +was O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +conclusion O +, O +there O +is O +no O +evidence O +for O +an O +inflammatory O +origin O +of O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +- O +associated O +myalgia O +. O + +aps B-category +IMPLICATIONS O +: O +Administration O +of O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +before O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +was O +not O +effective O +in O +decreasing O +the O +incidence O +or O +the O +severity O +of O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +postoperative O +myalgia O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +there O +was O +no O +significant O +relationship O +between O +postoperative O +myalgia O +and O +time O +course O +of O +interleukin O +- O +6 O +concentrations O +, O +a O +marker O +of O +inflammation O +. O + +aps B-category +Pretreatment O +with O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +is O +not O +justified O +to O +prevent O +postoperative O +myalgia O +after O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +lindane B-Chemical +on O +hepatic O +and O +brain O +cytochrome O +P450s O +and O +influence O +of O +P450 O +modulation O +in O +lindane B-Chemical +induced O +neurotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Oral O +administration O +of O +lindane B-Chemical +( O +2 O +. O +5 O +, O +5 O +, O +10 O +and O +15 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +body O +weight O +) O +for O +5 O +days O +was O +found O +to O +produce O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +increase O +in O +the O +activity O +of O +P450 O +dependent O +7 O +- O +ethoxyresorufin O +- O +O O +- O +deethylase O +( O +EROD O +) O +, O +7 O +- O +pentoxyresorufin O +- O +O O +- O +dealkylase O +( O +PROD O +) O +and O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nitrosodimethylamine I-Chemical +demethylase O +( O +NDMA B-Chemical +- O +d O +) O +in O +rat O +brain O +and O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +significant O +increase O +in O +the O +hepatic O +and O +brain O +P450 O +monooxygenases O +was O +also O +observed O +when O +the O +duration O +of O +exposure O +of O +low O +dose O +( O +2 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +of O +lindane B-Chemical +was O +increased O +from O +5 O +days O +to O +15 O +or O +21 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +observed O +with O +different O +doses O +, O +the O +magnitude O +of O +induction O +in O +the O +activity O +of O +P450 O +monooxygenases O +was O +several O +fold O +higher O +in O +liver O +microsomes O +when O +compared O +with O +the O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Western O +blotting O +studies O +have O +indicated O +that O +the O +increase O +in O +the O +P450 O +enzymes O +could O +be O +due O +to O +the O +increase O +in O +the O +expression O +of O +P450 O +1A1 O +/ O +1A2 O +, O +2B1 O +/ O +2B2 O +and O +2E1 O +isoenzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +vitro O +studies O +using O +organic O +inhibitors O +specific O +for O +individual O +P450 O +isoenzymes O +and O +antibody O +inhibition O +experiments O +have O +further O +demonstrated O +that O +the O +increase O +in O +the O +activity O +of O +PROD O +, O +EROD O +and O +NDMA B-Chemical +- O +d O +are O +due O +to O +the O +increase O +in O +the O +levels O +of O +P450 O +2B1 O +/ O +2B2 O +, O +1A1 O +/ O +1A2 O +and O +2E1 O +isoenzymes O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Induction O +studies O +have O +further O +shown O +that O +while O +pretreatment O +of O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylcholanthrene I-Chemical +( O +MC B-Chemical +) O +, O +an O +inducer O +of O +P4501A1 O +/ O +1A2 O +, O +did O +not O +produce O +any O +significant O +effect O +in O +the O +incidence O +of O +lindane B-Chemical +induced O +convulsions O +, O +pretreatment O +with O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +( O +PB O +) O +, O +an O +inducer O +of O +P450 O +2B1 O +/ O +2B2 O +or O +ethanol B-Chemical +, O +an O +inducer O +of O +P450 O +2E1 O +catalysed O +reactions O +, O +significantly O +increased O +the O +incidence O +of O +lindane B-Chemical +induced O +convulsions O +. O + +aps B-category +Similarly O +, O +when O +the O +P450 O +- O +mediated O +metabolism O +of O +lindane B-Chemical +was O +blocked O +by O +cobalt B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +incidence O +of O +convulsions O +was O +increased O +in O +animals O +treated O +with O +lindane B-Chemical +indicating O +that O +lindane B-Chemical +per O +se O +or O +its O +metabolites O +formed O +by O +PB O +or O +ethanol B-Chemical +inducible O +P450 O +isoenzymes O +are O +involved O +in O +its O +neurobehavioral O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Absolute O +and O +attributable O +risk O +of O +venous O +thromboembolism O +in O +women O +on O +combined O +cyproterone B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +and O +ethinylestradiol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +achieve O +absolute O +risk O +estimates O +of O +venous O +thromboembolism O +( O +VTE O +) O +among O +women O +on O +cyproterone B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +plus O +ethinylestradiol B-Chemical +( O +CPA B-Chemical +/ O +EE B-Chemical +) O +, O +and O +among O +women O +on O +combined B-Chemical +oral I-Chemical +contraceptives I-Chemical +( O +COCs B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +From O +the O +Danish O +National O +Register O +of O +Patients O +( O +NRP O +) O +, O +1996 O +to O +1998 O +, O +the O +records O +of O +1 O +. O +1 O +million O +Danish O +women O +, O +ages O +15 O +to O +44 O +years O +, O +were O +searched O +for O +evidence O +of O +VTE O +. O + +aps B-category +COC B-Chemical +use O +was O +ascertained O +through O +mailed O +questionnaires O +. O + +aps B-category +Sales O +statistics O +of O +COCs B-Chemical +and O +CPA B-Chemical +/ O +EE B-Chemical +were O +provided O +through O +Danish O +Drug O +Statistics O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +During O +the O +time O +frame O +of O +the O +study O +, O +330 O +women O +were O +found O +to O +have O +had O +VTE O +while O +on O +COCs B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +these O +women O +, O +67 O +were O +on O +levonorgestrel B-Chemical +- O +containing O +COCs B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Eleven O +were O +on O +CPA B-Chemical +/ O +EE B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +corresponding O +absolute O +risk O +of O +VTE O +was O +3 O +. O +4 O +( O +range O +, O +3 O +. O +1 O +- O +3 O +. O +8 O +) O +per O +10 O +000 O +women O +years O +among O +the O +women O +on O +COCs B-Chemical +, O +4 O +. O +2 O +( O +range O +, O +3 O +. O +2 O +- O +5 O +. O +2 O +) O +per O +10 O +000 O +women O +years O +among O +women O +on O +levonorgestrel B-Chemical +- O +containing O +COCs B-Chemical +, O +and O +3 O +. O +1 O +( O +range O +, O +1 O +. O +3 O +- O +4 O +. O +9 O +) O +per O +10 O +000 O +women O +years O +among O +the O +women O +on O +CPA B-Chemical +/ O +EE B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Our O +results O +suggest O +the O +absolute O +risk O +of O +VTE O +among O +Danish O +women O +on O +COCs B-Chemical +is O +similar O +to O +that O +among O +women O +taking O +CPA B-Chemical +/ O +EE B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +developmental O +toxicology O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +( O +acetylsalicylic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +) O +in O +rats O +using O +selected O +dosing O +paradigms O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Analysis O +of O +the O +literature O +for O +nonsteroidal O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +drugs O +( O +NSAIDs O +) O +suggests O +that O +a O +low O +incidence O +of O +developmental O +anomalies O +occurs O +in O +rats O +given O +NSAIDs O +on O +specific O +days O +during O +organogenesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Aspirin B-Chemical +( O +acetylsalicylic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +[ O +ASA B-Chemical +] O +) O +, O +an O +irreversible O +cyclooxygenase O +1 O +and O +2 O +inhibitor O +, O +induces O +developmental O +anomalies O +when O +administered O +to O +Wistar O +rats O +on O +gestational O +day O +( O +GD O +) O +9 O +, O +10 O +, O +or O +11 O +( O +Kimmel O +CA O +, O +Wilson O +JG O +, O +Schumacher O +HJ O +. O +Teratology O +4 O +: O +15 O +- O +24 O +, O +1971 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +are O +no O +published O +ASA B-Chemical +studies O +using O +the O +multiple O +dosing O +paradigm O +of O +GDs O +6 O +to O +17 O +. O + +aps B-category +Objectives O +of O +the O +current O +study O +were O +to O +compare O +results O +between O +Sprague O +- O +Dawley O +( O +SD O +) O +and O +Wistar O +strains O +when O +ASA B-Chemical +is O +administered O +on O +GD O +9 O +, O +10 O +, O +or O +11 O +; O +to O +compare O +the O +malformation O +patterns O +following O +single O +and O +multiple O +dosings O +during O +organogenesis O +in O +SD O +rats O +; O +and O +to O +test O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +maternal O +gastrointestinal O +toxicity O +confounds O +the O +detection O +of O +low O +incidence O +malformations O +with O +ASA B-Chemical +when O +a O +multiple O +dosing O +paradigm O +is O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +ASA B-Chemical +was O +administered O +as O +a O +single O +dose O +on O +GD O +9 O +( O +0 O +, O +250 O +, O +500 O +, O +or O +625 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +, O +10 O +( O +0 O +, O +500 O +, O +625 O +, O +or O +750 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +, O +or O +11 O +( O +0 O +, O +500 O +, O +750 O +, O +or O +1000 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +and O +from O +GD O +6 O +to O +GD O +17 O +( O +0 O +, O +50 O +, O +125 O +, O +or O +250 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +a O +day O +) O +in O +the O +multiple O +dose O +study O +to O +SD O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Animals O +were O +killed O +on O +GD O +21 O +, O +and O +fetuses O +were O +examined O +viscerally O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +literature O +evaluation O +suggested O +that O +NSAIDs O +induce O +ventricular O +septal O +defects O +( O +VSDs O +) O +and O +midline O +defects O +( O +MDs O +) O +in O +rats O +and O +diaphragmatic O +hernia O +( O +DH O +) O +, O +MDs O +, O +and O +VSDs O +in O +rabbits O +( O +Cook O +JC O +et O +al O +. O +, O +2003 O +) O +; O +hence O +, O +the O +present O +study O +focused O +on O +these O +malformations O +, O +even O +though O +ASA B-Chemical +induces O +several O +other O +low O +- O +incidence O +malformations O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +single O +dose O +studies O +, O +DH O +, O +MD O +, O +and O +VSD O +were O +induced O +on O +GDs O +9 O +and O +10 O +. O + +aps B-category +VSD O +also O +was O +noted O +following O +treatment O +on O +GD O +11 O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast O +, O +DH O +and O +MD O +were O +noted O +in O +the O +multiple O +dose O +study O +design O +only O +in O +the O +high O +- O +dose O +group O +, O +and O +VSD O +was O +noted O +across O +all O +dose O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +High O +concordance O +in O +major O +developmental O +anomalies O +between O +Wistar O +and O +SD O +rats O +were O +noted O +with O +the O +exception O +of O +VSD O +in O +the O +SD O +rats O +and O +hydrocephalus O +in O +the O +Wistar O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Variations O +and O +malformations O +were O +similar O +when O +ASA B-Chemical +was O +administered O +as O +a O +single O +dose O +or O +during O +the O +period O +of O +organogenesis O +( O +GDs O +6 O +to O +17 O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Hypersensitivity O +immune O +reaction O +as O +a O +mechanism O +for O +dilevalol B-Chemical +- O +associated O +hepatitis O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +assess O +lymphocyte O +reactivity O +to O +dilevalol B-Chemical +and O +to O +serum O +containing O +putative O +ex O +vivo O +dilevalol B-Chemical +antigens O +or O +metabolites O +in O +a O +case O +of O +dilevalol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +liver O +injury O +. O + +aps B-category +PATIENT O +: O +A O +58 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +with O +a O +clinical O +diagnosis O +of O +dilevalol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +liver O +injury O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Peripheral O +blood O +mononuclear O +cells O +collected O +from O +the O +patient O +were O +cultured O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +solution O +of O +dilevalol B-Chemical +and O +also O +with O +sera O +collected O +from O +a O +volunteer O +before O +and O +after O +dilevalol B-Chemical +intake O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Moreover O +, O +the O +abundance O +of O +the O +alpha O +( O +1 O +) O +- O +subunit O +of O +the O +Na B-Chemical +- O +K B-Chemical +- O +ATPase O +was O +decreased O +in O +the O +cortex O +and O +ISOM O +, O +but O +it O +remained O +unchanged O +in O +the O +IM O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +conclusion O +, O +the O +increased O +or O +sustained O +expression O +of O +ENaC O +subunits O +combined O +with O +increased O +apical O +targeting O +in O +the O +DCT2 O +, O +connecting O +tubule O +, O +and O +collecting O +duct O +are O +likely O +to O +play O +a O +role O +in O +the O +sodium B-Chemical +retention O +associated O +with O +PAN B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephrotic O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +decreased O +abundance O +of O +NHE3 O +, O +BSC O +- O +1 O +, O +TSC O +, O +and O +Na B-Chemical +- O +K B-Chemical +- O +ATPase O +may O +play O +a O +compensatory O +role O +to O +promote O +sodium B-Chemical +excretion O +. O + +aps B-category +Pallidal O +stimulation O +: O +an O +alternative O +to O +pallidotomy O +? O + +aps B-category +A O +resurgence O +of O +interest O +in O +the O +surgical O +treatment O +of O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +( O +PD O +) O +came O +with O +the O +rediscovery O +of O +posteroventral O +pallidotomy O +by O +Laitinen O +in O +1985 O +. O + +aps B-category +Laitinen O +' O +s O +procedure O +improved O +most O +symptoms O +in O +drug O +- O +resistant O +PD O +, O +which O +engendered O +wide O +interest O +in O +the O +neurosurgical O +community O +. O + +aps B-category +Another O +lesioning O +procedure O +, O +ventrolateral O +thalamotomy O +, O +has O +become O +a O +powerful O +alternative O +to O +stimulate O +the O +nucleus O +ventralis O +intermedius O +, O +producing O +high O +long O +- O +term O +success O +rates O +and O +low O +morbidity O +rates O +. O + +aps B-category +Pallidal O +stimulation O +has O +not O +met O +with O +the O +same O +success O +. O + +aps B-category +According O +to O +the O +literature O +pallidotomy O +improves O +the O +" O +on O +" O +symptoms O +of O +PD O +, O +such O +as O +dyskinesias O +, O +as O +well O +as O +the O +" O +off O +" O +symptoms O +, O +such O +as O +rigidity O +, O +bradykinesia O +, O +and O +on O +- O +off O +fluctuations O +. O + +aps B-category +Pallidal O +stimulation O +improves O +bradykinesia O +and O +rigidity O +to O +a O +minor O +extent O +; O +however O +, O +its O +strength O +seems O +to O +be O +in O +improving O +levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +dyskinesias O +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulation O +often O +produces O +an O +improvement O +in O +the O +hyper O +- O +or O +dyskinetic O +upper O +limbs O +, O +but O +increases O +the O +" O +freezing O +" O +phenomenon O +in O +the O +lower O +limbs O +at O +the O +same O +time O +. O + +aps B-category +Considering O +the O +small O +increase O +in O +the O +patient O +' O +s O +independence O +, O +the O +high O +costs O +of O +bilateral O +implants O +, O +and O +the O +difficulty O +most O +patients O +experience O +in O +handling O +the O +devices O +, O +the O +question O +arises O +as O +to O +whether O +bilateral O +pallidal O +stimulation O +is O +a O +real O +alternative O +to O +pallidotomy O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +the O +cyclooxygenase O +- O +2 O +specific O +inhibitor O +valdecoxib B-Chemical +versus O +nonsteroidal O +antiinflammatory O +agents O +and O +placebo O +on O +cardiovascular O +thrombotic O +events O +in O +patients O +with O +arthritis O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +have O +been O +concerns O +that O +the O +risk O +of O +cardiovascular O +thrombotic O +events O +may O +be O +higher O +with O +cyclooxygenase O +( O +COX O +) O +- O +2 O +- O +specific O +inhibitors O +than O +nonselective O +nonsteroidal O +antiinflammatory O +drugs O +( O +NSAIDs O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +evaluated O +cardiovascular O +event O +data O +for O +valdecoxib B-Chemical +, O +a O +new O +COX O +- O +2 O +- O +specific O +inhibitor O +in O +approximately O +8000 O +patients O +with O +osteoarthritis O +and O +rheumatoid O +arthritis O +treated O +with O +this O +agent O +in O +randomized O +clinical O +trials O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +rates O +of O +events O +were O +determined O +in O +all O +patients O +( O +n O += O +7934 O +) O +and O +in O +users O +of O +low O +- O +dose O +( O +< O +or O += O +325 O +mg O +daily O +) O +aspirin B-Chemical +( O +n O += O +1051 O +) O +and O +nonusers O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +( O +n O += O +6883 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Crude O +and O +exposure O +- O +adjusted O +incidences O +of O +thrombotic O +events O +were O +similar O +for O +valdecoxib B-Chemical +, O +NSAIDs O +, O +and O +placebo O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +risk O +of O +serious O +thrombotic O +events O +was O +also O +similar O +for O +each O +valdecoxib B-Chemical +dose O +. O + +aps B-category +Thrombotic O +risk O +was O +consistently O +higher O +for O +users O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +users O +than O +nonusers O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +( O +placebo O +, O +1 O +. O +4 O +% O +vs O +. O +0 O +% O +; O +valdecoxib B-Chemical +, O +1 O +. O +7 O +% O +vs O +. O +0 O +. O +2 O +% O +; O +NSAIDs O +, O +1 O +. O +9 O +% O +vs O +. O +0 O +. O +5 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rates O +of O +events O +in O +users O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +were O +similar O +for O +all O +3 O +treatment O +groups O +and O +across O +valdecoxib B-Chemical +doses O +. O + +aps B-category +Short O +- O +and O +intermediate O +- O +term O +treatment O +with O +therapeutic O +( O +10 O +or O +20 O +mg O +daily O +) O +and O +supratherapeutic O +( O +40 O +or O +80 O +mg O +daily O +) O +valdecoxib B-Chemical +doses O +was O +not O +associated O +with O +an O +increased O +incidence O +of O +thrombotic O +events O +relative O +to O +nonselective O +NSAIDs O +or O +placebo O +in O +osteoarthritis O +and O +rheumatoid O +arthritis O +patients O +in O +controlled O +clinical O +trials O +. O + +aps B-category +Hypersensitivity O +myocarditis O +complicating O +hypertrophic O +cardiomyopathy O +heart O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Myocarditis O +is O +rare O +and O +eosinophilic O +myocarditis O +is O +rarer O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +likely O +that O +the O +hypersensitivity O +( O +eosinophilic O +) O +myocarditis O +was O +related O +to O +dobutamine B-Chemical +infusion O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Eosinophilic O +myocarditis O +has O +been O +reported O +with O +an O +incidence O +of O +2 O +. O +4 O +% O +to O +7 O +. O +2 O +% O +in O +explanted O +hearts O +and O +may O +be O +related O +to O +multidrug O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Time O +trends O +in O +warfarin B-Chemical +- O +associated O +hemorrhage O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +annual O +incidence O +of O +warfarin B-Chemical +- O +related O +bleeding O +at O +Brigham O +and O +Women O +' O +s O +Hospital O +increased O +from O +0 O +. O +97 O +/ O +1 O +, O +000 O +patient O +admissions O +in O +the O +first O +time O +period O +( O +January O +1995 O +to O +October O +1998 O +) O +to O +1 O +. O +19 O +/ O +1 O +, O +000 O +patient O +admissions O +in O +the O +second O +time O +period O +( O +November O +1998 O +to O +August O +2002 O +) O +of O +this O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +proportion O +of O +patients O +with O +major O +and O +intracranial O +bleeding O +increased O +from O +20 O +. O +2 O +% O +and O +1 O +. O +9 O +% O +, O +respectively O +, O +in O +the O +first O +time O +period O +, O +to O +33 O +. O +3 O +% O +and O +7 O +. O +8 O +% O +, O +respectively O +, O +in O +the O +second O +. O + +aps B-category +Yohimbine B-Chemical +treatment O +of O +sexual O +side O +effects O +induced O +by O +serotonin B-Chemical +reuptake O +blockers O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Preclinical O +and O +clinical O +studies O +suggest O +that O +yohimbine B-Chemical +facilitates O +sexual O +behavior O +and O +may O +be O +helpful O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +male O +impotence O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +are O +encouraging O +enough O +to O +begin O +randomised O +phase O +III O +trials O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +as O +predicted O +, O +significant O +transplant O +- O +related O +morbidity O +and O +mortality O +have O +been O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +is O +primarily O +due O +to O +complications O +related O +to O +either O +the O +stage O +of O +the O +disease O +at O +transplant O +or O +due O +to O +infections O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +number O +of O +deaths O +related O +to O +cardiac O +toxicity O +is O +low O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +caution O +is O +required O +when O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +or O +anthracyclines B-Chemical +such O +as O +mitoxantrone B-Chemical +are O +used O +in O +patients O +with O +a O +possible O +underlying O +heart O +damage O +, O +for O +example O +, O +systemic O +sclerosis O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +November O +2002 O +, O +a O +meeting O +was O +held O +in O +Florence O +, O +bringing O +together O +a O +number O +of O +experts O +in O +various O +fields O +, O +including O +rheumatology O +, O +cardiology O +, O +neurology O +, O +pharmacology O +and O +transplantation O +medicine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +object O +of O +the O +meeting O +was O +to O +analyse O +existing O +data O +, O +both O +published O +or O +available O +, O +in O +the O +European O +Group O +for O +Blood O +and O +Marrow O +Transplantation O +autoimmune O +disease O +database O +, O +and O +to O +propose O +a O +safe O +approach O +to O +such O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +full O +cardiological O +assessment O +before O +and O +during O +the O +transplant O +emerged O +as O +the O +major O +recommendation O +. O + +aps B-category +Does O +supplemental O +vitamin B-Chemical +C I-Chemical +increase O +cardiovascular O +disease O +risk O +in O +women O +with O +diabetes O +? O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Vitamin B-Chemical +C I-Chemical +acts O +as O +a O +potent O +antioxidant O +; O +however O +, O +it O +can O +also O +be O +a O +prooxidant O +and O +glycate O +protein O +under O +certain O +circumstances O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +observations O +led O +us O +to O +hypothesize O +that O +a O +high O +intake O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +C I-Chemical +in O +diabetic O +persons O +might O +promote O +atherosclerosis O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +The O +objective O +was O +to O +examine O +the O +relation O +between O +vitamin B-Chemical +C I-Chemical +intake O +and O +mortality O +from O +cardiovascular O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +DESIGN O +: O +We O +studied O +the O +relation O +between O +vitamin B-Chemical +C I-Chemical +intake O +and O +mortality O +from O +total O +cardiovascular O +disease O +( O +n O += O +281 O +) O +, O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +( O +n O += O +175 O +) O +, O +and O +stroke O +( O +n O += O +57 O +) O +in O +1923 O +postmenopausal O +women O +who O +reported O +being O +diabetic O +at O +baseline O +. O + +aps B-category +Diet O +was O +assessed O +with O +a O +food O +- O +frequency O +questionnaire O +at O +baseline O +, O +and O +subjects O +initially O +free O +of O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +were O +prospectively O +followed O +for O +15 O +y O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +After O +adjustment O +for O +cardiovascular O +disease O +risk O +factors O +, O +type O +of O +diabetes O +medication O +used O +, O +duration O +of O +diabetes O +, O +and O +intakes O +of O +folate B-Chemical +, O +vitamin B-Chemical +E I-Chemical +, O +and O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carotene I-Chemical +, O +the O +adjusted O +relative O +risks O +of O +total O +cardiovascular O +disease O +mortality O +were O +1 O +. O +0 O +, O +0 O +. O +97 O +, O +1 O +. O +11 O +, O +1 O +. O +47 O +, O +and O +1 O +. O +84 O +( O +P O +for O +trend O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +across O +quintiles O +of O +total O +vitamin B-Chemical +C I-Chemical +intake O +from O +food O +and O +supplements O +. O + +aps B-category +Adjusted O +relative O +risks O +of O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +were O +1 O +. O +0 O +, O +0 O +. O +81 O +, O +0 O +. O +99 O +, O +1 O +. O +26 O +, O +and O +1 O +. O +91 O +( O +P O +for O +trend O += O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +and O +of O +stroke O +were O +1 O +. O +0 O +, O +0 O +. O +52 O +, O +1 O +. O +23 O +, O +2 O +. O +22 O +, O +and O +2 O +. O +57 O +( O +P O +for O +trend O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +dietary O +and O +supplemental O +vitamin B-Chemical +C I-Chemical +were O +analyzed O +separately O +, O +only O +supplemental O +vitamin B-Chemical +C I-Chemical +showed O +a O +positive O +association O +with O +mortality O +endpoints O +. O + +aps B-category +Vitamin B-Chemical +C I-Chemical +intake O +was O +unrelated O +to O +mortality O +from O +cardiovascular O +disease O +in O +the O +nondiabetic O +subjects O +at O +baseline O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +A O +high O +vitamin B-Chemical +C I-Chemical +intake O +from O +supplements O +is O +associated O +with O +an O +increased O +risk O +of O +cardiovascular O +disease O +mortality O +in O +postmenopausal O +women O +with O +diabetes O +. O + +aps B-category +Optical O +coherence O +tomography O +can O +measure O +axonal O +loss O +in O +patients O +with O +ethambutol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +optic O +neuropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +To O +map O +and O +identify O +the O +pattern O +, O +in O +vivo O +, O +of O +axonal O +degeneration O +in O +ethambutol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +optic O +neuropathy O +using O +optical O +coherence O +tomography O +( O +OCT O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Ethambutol B-Chemical +is O +an O +antimycobacterial O +agent O +often O +used O +to O +treat O +tuberculosis O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +serious O +complication O +of O +ethambutol B-Chemical +is O +an O +optic O +neuropathy O +that O +impairs O +visual O +acuity O +, O +contrast O +sensitivity O +, O +and O +color O +vision O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +early O +on O +, O +when O +the O +toxic O +optic O +neuropathy O +is O +mild O +and O +partly O +reversible O +, O +the O +funduscopic O +findings O +are O +often O +subtle O +and O +easy O +to O +miss O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Three O +subjects O +with O +a O +history O +of O +ethambutol B-Chemical +( O +EMB B-Chemical +) O +- O +induced O +optic O +neuropathy O +of O +short O +- O +, O +intermediate O +- O +, O +and O +long O +- O +term O +visual O +deficits O +were O +administered O +a O +full O +neuro O +- O +ophthalmologic O +examination O +including O +visual O +acuity O +, O +color O +vision O +, O +contrast O +sensitivity O +, O +and O +fundus O +examination O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +OCT O +( O +OCT O +3000 O +, O +Humphrey O +- O +Zeiss O +, O +Dublin O +, O +CA O +) O +was O +performed O +on O +both O +eyes O +of O +each O +subject O +using O +the O +retinal O +nerve O +fiber O +layer O +( O +RNFL O +) O +analysis O +protocol O +. O + +aps B-category +OCT O +interpolates O +data O +from O +100 O +points O +around O +the O +optic O +nerve O +to O +effectively O +map O +out O +the O +RNFL O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +results O +were O +compared O +to O +the O +calculated O +average O +RNFL O +of O +normal O +eyes O +accumulated O +from O +four O +prior O +studies O +using O +OCT O +, O +n O += O +661 O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +all O +subjects O +with O +history O +of O +EMB B-Chemical +- O +induced O +optic O +neuropathy O +, O +there O +was O +a O +mean O +loss O +of O +72 O +% O +nerve O +fiber O +layer O +thickness O +in O +the O +temporal O +quadrant O +( O +patient O +A O +, O +with O +eventual O +recovery O +of O +visual O +acuity O +and O +fields O +, O +58 O +% O +loss O +; O +patient O +B O +, O +with O +intermediate O +visual O +deficits O +, O +68 O +% O +loss O +; O +patient O +C O +, O +with O +chronic O +visual O +deficits O +, O +90 O +% O +loss O +) O +, O +with O +an O +average O +mean O +optic O +nerve O +thickness O +of O +26 O ++ O +/ O +- O +16 O +microm O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +a O +combined O +mean O +loss O +of O +46 O +% O +of O +fibers O +from O +the O +superior O +, O +inferior O +, O +and O +nasal O +quadrants O +in O +the O +( O +six O +) O +eyes O +of O +all O +three O +subjects O +( O +mean O +average O +thickness O +of O +55 O ++ O +/ O +- O +29 O +microm O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +both O +sets O +( O +four O +) O +of O +eyes O +of O +the O +subjects O +with O +persistent O +visual O +deficits O +( O +patients O +B O +and O +C O +) O +, O +there O +was O +an O +average O +loss O +of O +79 O +% O +of O +nerve O +fiber O +thickness O +in O +the O +temporal O +quadrant O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +The O +OCT O +results O +in O +these O +patients O +with O +EMB B-Chemical +- O +induced O +optic O +neuropathy O +show O +considerable O +loss O +especially O +of O +the O +temporal O +fibers O +. 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O + +aps B-category +With O +this O +model O +, O +we O +were O +able O +to O +identify O +diffuse O +cortical O +hypoxia O +in O +the O +puromycin B-Chemical +aminonucleoside I-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephrotic O +syndrome O +and O +focal O +and O +segmental O +hypoxia O +in O +the O +remnant O +kidney O +model O +. O + +aps B-category +Expression O +of O +the O +hypoxia O +- O +responsive O +transgene O +increased O +throughout O +the O +observation O +period O +, O +reaching O +2 O +. O +2 O +- O +fold O +at O +2 O +weeks O +in O +the O +puromycin B-Chemical +aminonucleoside I-Chemical +model O +and O +2 O +. O +6 O +- O +fold O +at O +4 O +weeks O +in O +the O +remnant O +kidney O +model O +, O +whereas O +that O +of O +vascular O +endothelial O +growth O +factor O +showed O +a O +mild O +decrease O +, O +reflecting O +distinct O +behaviors O +of O +the O +two O +genes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +degree O +of O +hypoxia O +showed O +a O +positive O +correlation O +with O +microscopic O +tubulointerstitial O +injury O +in O +both O +models O +. O + +aps B-category +Finally O +, O +we O +identified O +the O +localization O +of O +proliferating O +cell O +nuclear O +antigen O +- O +positive O +, O +ED O +- O +1 O +- O +positive O +, O +and O +terminal O +dUTP O +nick O +- O +end O +labeled O +- O +positive O +cells O +in O +the O +hypoxic O +cortical O +area O +in O +the O +remnant O +kidney O +model O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +propose O +here O +a O +possible O +pathological O +tie O +between O +chronic O +tubulointerstitial O +hypoxia O +and O +progressive O +glomerular O +diseases O +. O + +aps B-category +Adequate O +timing O +of O +ribavirin B-Chemical +reduction O +in O +patients O +with O +hemolysis O +during O +combination O +therapy O +of O +interferon B-Chemical +and O +ribavirin B-Chemical +for O +chronic O +hepatitis O +C O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Hemolytic O +anemia O +is O +one O +of O +the O +major O +adverse O +events O +of O +the O +combination O +therapy O +of O +interferon B-Chemical +and O +ribavirin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +of O +ribavirin B-Chemical +- O +related O +hemolytic O +anemia O +, O +dose O +reduction O +is O +a O +common O +event O +in O +this O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +clinical O +retrospective O +cohort O +study O +we O +have O +examined O +the O +suitable O +timing O +of O +ribavirin B-Chemical +reduction O +in O +patients O +with O +hemolysis O +during O +combination O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Thirty O +- O +seven O +of O +160 O +patients O +who O +had O +HCV O +- O +genotype O +1b O +, O +had O +high O +virus O +load O +, O +and O +received O +24 O +- O +week O +combination O +therapy O +developed O +anemia O +with O +hemoglobin O +level O +< O +10 O +g O +/ O +dl O +or O +anemia O +- O +related O +signs O +during O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +that O +, O +these O +37 O +patients O +were O +reduced O +one O +tablet O +of O +ribavirin B-Chemical +( O +200 O +mg O +) O +per O +day O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +reduction O +of O +ribavirin B-Chemical +, O +27 O +of O +37 O +patients O +could O +continue O +combination O +therapy O +for O +a O +total O +of O +24 O +weeks O +( O +group O +A O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +10 O +of O +37 O +patients O +with O +reduction O +of O +ribavirin B-Chemical +could O +not O +continue O +combination O +therapy O +because O +their O +< O +8 O +. O +5 O +g O +/ O +dl O +hemoglobin O +values O +decreased O +to O +or O +anemia O +- O +related O +severe O +side O +effects O +occurred O +( O +group O +B O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +assessed O +the O +final O +efficacy O +and O +safety O +after O +reduction O +of O +ribavirin B-Chemical +in O +groups O +A O +and O +B O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +A O +sustained O +virological O +response O +( O +SVR O +) O +was O +29 O +. O +6 O +% O +( O +8 O +/ O +27 O +) O +in O +group O +A O +and O +10 O +% O +( O +1 O +/ O +10 O +) O +in O +group O +B O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +34 O +. O +4 O +% O +( O +12 O +/ O +27 O +) O +of O +SVR O ++ O +biological O +response O +in O +group O +A O +was O +higher O +than O +10 O +% O +( O +1 O +/ O +10 O +) O +in O +group O +B O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +051 O +) O +, O +with O +slight O +significance O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +respect O +to O +hemoglobin O +level O +at O +the O +time O +of O +ribavirin B-Chemical +reduction O +, O +a O +rate O +of O +continuation O +of O +therapy O +in O +patients O +with O +> O +or O += O +10 O +g O +/ O +dl O +hemoglobin O +was O +higher O +than O +that O +in O +patients O +with O +< O +10 O +g O +/ O +dl O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +036 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Reduction O +of O +ribavirin B-Chemical +at O +hemoglobin O +level O +> O +or O += O +10 O +g O +/ O +dl O +is O +suitable O +in O +terms O +of O +efficacy O +and O +side O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Aging O +process O +of O +epithelial O +cells O +of O +the O +rat O +prostate O +lateral O +lobe O +in O +experimental O +hyperprolactinemia O +induced O +by O +haloperidol B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +Assessment O +of O +perinatal O +hepatitis O +B O +and O +rubella O +prevention O +in O +New O +Hampshire O +delivery O +hospitals O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +evaluate O +current O +performance O +on O +recommended O +perinatal O +hepatitis O +B O +and O +rubella O +prevention O +practices O +in O +New O +Hampshire O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Data O +were O +extracted O +from O +2021 O +paired O +mother O +- O +infant O +records O +for O +the O +year O +2000 O +birth O +cohort O +in O +New O +Hampshire O +' O +s O +25 O +delivery O +hospitals O +. O + +aps B-category +Assessment O +was O +done O +on O +the O +following O +: O +prenatal O +screening O +for O +hepatitis O +B O +and O +rubella O +, O +administration O +of O +the O +hepatitis O +B O +vaccine O +birth O +dose O +to O +all O +infants O +, O +administration O +of O +hepatitis O +B O +immune O +globulin O +to O +infants O +who O +were O +born O +to O +hepatitis B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +surface I-Chemical +antigen I-Chemical +- O +positive O +mothers O +, O +rubella O +immunity O +, O +and O +administration O +of O +in O +- O +hospital O +postpartum O +rubella O +vaccine O +to O +rubella O +nonimmune O +women O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Prenatal O +screening O +rates O +for O +hepatitis O +B O +( O +98 O +. O +8 O +% O +) O +and O +rubella O +( O +99 O +. O +4 O +% O +) O +were O +high O +. O + +aps B-category +Hepatitis O +B O +vaccine O +birth O +dose O +was O +administered O +to O +76 O +. O +2 O +% O +of O +all O +infants O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +infants O +who O +were O +born O +to O +hepatitis B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +surface I-Chemical +antigen I-Chemical +- O +positive O +mothers O +also O +received O +hepatitis O +B O +immune O +globulin O +. O + +aps B-category +Multivariate O +logistic O +regression O +showed O +that O +the O +month O +of O +delivery O +and O +infant O +birth O +weight O +were O +independent O +predictors O +of O +hepatitis O +B O +vaccination O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +proportion O +of O +infants O +who O +were O +vaccinated O +in O +January O +and O +February O +2000 O +( O +48 O +. O +5 O +% O +and O +67 O +. O +5 O +% O +, O +respectively O +) O +was O +less O +than O +any O +other O +months O +, O +whereas O +the O +proportion O +who O +were O +vaccinated O +in O +December O +2000 O +( O +88 O +. O +2 O +% O +) O +was O +the O +highest O +. O + +aps B-category +Women O +who O +were O +born O +between O +1971 O +and O +1975 O +had O +the O +highest O +rate O +of O +rubella O +nonimmunity O +( O +9 O +. O +5 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +- O +hospital O +postpartum O +rubella O +vaccine O +administration O +was O +documented O +for O +75 O +. O +6 O +% O +of O +nonimmune O +women O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +This O +study O +documents O +good O +compliance O +in O +New O +Hampshire O +' O +s O +birthing O +hospitals O +with O +national O +guidelines O +for O +perinatal O +hepatitis O +B O +and O +rubella O +prevention O +and O +highlights O +potential O +areas O +for O +improvement O +. O + +aps B-category +Succinylcholine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +masseter O +muscle O +rigidity O +during O +bronchoscopic O +removal O +of O +a O +tracheal O +foreign O +body O +. O + +aps B-category +Masseter O +muscle O +rigidity O +during O +general O +anesthesia O +is O +considered O +an O +early O +warning O +sign O +of O +a O +possible O +episode O +of O +malignant O +hyperthermia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +decision O +whether O +to O +continue O +or O +discontinue O +the O +procedure O +depends O +on O +the O +urgency O +of O +the O +surgery O +and O +severity O +of O +masseter O +muscle O +rigidity O +. O + +aps B-category +Here O +, O +we O +describe O +a O +case O +of O +severe O +masseter O +muscle O +rigidity O +( O +jaw O +of O +steel O +) O +after O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +( O +Sch B-Chemical +) O +administration O +during O +general O +anesthetic O +management O +for O +rigid O +bronchoscopic O +removal O +of O +a O +tracheal O +foreign O +body O +. O + +aps B-category +Anesthesia O +was O +continued O +uneventfully O +with O +propofol B-Chemical +infusion O +while O +all O +facilities O +were O +available O +to O +detect O +and O +treat O +malignant O +hyperthermia O +. O + +aps B-category +Dexrazoxane B-Chemical +protects O +against O +myelosuppression O +from O +the O +DNA O +cleavage O +- O +enhancing O +drugs O +etoposide B-Chemical +and O +daunorubicin B-Chemical +but O +not O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +The O +anthracyclines B-Chemical +daunorubicin B-Chemical +and O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +and O +the O +epipodophyllotoxin B-Chemical +etoposide B-Chemical +are O +potent O +DNA O +cleavage O +- O +enhancing O +drugs O +that O +are O +widely O +used O +in O +clinical O +oncology O +; O +however O +, O +myelosuppression O +and O +cardiac O +toxicity O +limit O +their O +use O +. O + +aps B-category +Dexrazoxane B-Chemical +( O +ICRF B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +187 I-Chemical +) O +is O +recommended O +for O +protection O +against O +anthracycline B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +EXPERIMENTAL O +DESIGN O +: O +Because O +of O +their O +widespread O +use O +, O +the O +hematologic O +toxicity O +following O +coadministration O +of O +dexrazoxane B-Chemical +and O +these O +three O +structurally O +different O +DNA O +cleavage O +enhancers O +was O +investigated O +: O +Sensitivity O +of O +human O +and O +murine O +blood O +progenitor O +cells O +to O +etoposide B-Chemical +, O +daunorubicin B-Chemical +, O +and O +doxorubicin B-Chemical ++ O +/ O +- O +dexrazoxane B-Chemical +was O +determined O +in O +granulocyte O +- O +macrophage O +colony O +forming O +assays O +. O + +aps B-category +Likewise O +, O +in O +vivo O +, O +B6D2F1 O +mice O +were O +treated O +with O +etoposide B-Chemical +, O +daunorubicin B-Chemical +, O +and O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +, O +with O +or O +without O +dexrazoxane B-Chemical +over O +a O +wide O +range O +of O +doses O +: O +posttreatment O +, O +a O +full O +hematologic O +evaluation O +was O +done O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Nontoxic O +doses O +of O +dexrazoxane B-Chemical +reduced O +myelosuppression O +and O +weight O +loss O +from O +daunorubicin B-Chemical +and O +etoposide B-Chemical +in O +mice O +and O +antagonized O +their O +antiproliferative O +effects O +in O +the O +colony O +assay O +; O +however O +, O +dexrazoxane B-Chemical +neither O +reduced O +myelosuppression O +, O +weight O +loss O +, O +nor O +the O +in O +vitro O +cytotoxicity O +from O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Although O +our O +findings O +support O +the O +observation O +that O +dexrazoxane B-Chemical +reduces O +neither O +hematologic O +activity O +nor O +antitumor O +activity O +from O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +clinically O +, O +the O +potent O +antagonism O +of O +daunorubicin B-Chemical +activity O +raises O +concern O +; O +a O +possible O +interference O +with O +anticancer O +efficacy O +certainly O +would O +call O +for O +renewed O +attention O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +data O +also O +suggest O +that O +significant O +etoposide B-Chemical +dose O +escalation O +is O +perhaps O +possible O +by O +the O +use O +of O +dexrazoxane B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +trials O +in O +patients O +with O +brain O +metastases O +combining O +dexrazoxane B-Chemical +and O +high O +doses O +of O +etoposide B-Chemical +is O +ongoing O +with O +the O +aim O +of O +improving O +efficacy O +without O +aggravating O +hematologic O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +If O +successful O +, O +this O +represents O +an O +exciting O +mechanism O +for O +pharmacologic O +regulation O +of O +side O +effects O +from O +cytotoxic O +chemotherapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Assessment O +of O +the O +onset O +and O +persistence O +of O +amnesia O +during O +procedural O +sedation O +with O +propofol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVES O +: O +To O +assess O +patients O +' O +ability O +to O +repeat O +and O +recall O +words O +presented O +to O +them O +while O +undergoing O +procedural O +sedation O +with O +propofol B-Chemical +, O +and O +correlate O +their O +recall O +with O +their O +level O +of O +awareness O +as O +measured O +by O +bispectral O +index O +( O +BIS O +) O +monitoring O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +This O +was O +a O +prospective O +, O +single O +- O +intervention O +study O +of O +consenting O +adult O +patients O +undergoing O +procedural O +sedation O +with O +propofol B-Chemical +between O +December O +28 O +, O +2002 O +, O +and O +October O +31 O +, O +2003 O +. O + +aps B-category +BIS O +monitoring O +was O +initiated O +starting O +3 O +minutes O +before O +the O +procedure O +and O +continuing O +until O +the O +patient O +had O +regained O +baseline O +mental O +status O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +1 O +- O +minute O +intervals O +during O +the O +procedural O +sedation O +, O +until O +the O +patient O +regained O +baseline O +mental O +status O +at O +the O +end O +of O +the O +procedure O +, O +a O +word O +from O +a O +standardized O +list O +was O +read O +aloud O +, O +and O +the O +patient O +was O +asked O +to O +immediately O +repeat O +the O +word O +to O +the O +investigator O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +BIS O +score O +at O +the O +time O +the O +word O +was O +read O +and O +the O +patient O +' O +s O +ability O +to O +repeat O +the O +word O +were O +recorded O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +the O +procedure O +, O +the O +patient O +was O +asked O +to O +state O +all O +of O +the O +words O +from O +the O +list O +that O +he O +or O +she O +could O +recall O +, O +and O +to O +identify O +the O +last O +word O +recalled O +from O +prior O +to O +the O +start O +of O +the O +procedure O +and O +the O +first O +word O +recalled O +from O +after O +the O +procedure O +was O +completed O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Seventy O +- O +five O +consenting O +patients O +were O +enrolled O +; O +one O +patient O +was O +excluded O +from O +data O +analysis O +for O +a O +protocol O +violation O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +serious O +adverse O +events O +were O +noted O +during O +the O +procedural O +sedations O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +standard O +deviation O +) O +time O +of O +data O +collection O +was O +16 O +. O +4 O +minutes O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +7 O +. O +1 O +; O +range O +5 O +to O +34 O +minutes O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +initial O +( O +preprocedure O +) O +BIS O +score O +was O +97 O +. O +1 O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +3 O +; O +range O +92 O +to O +99 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +lowest O +BIS O +score O +occurring O +during O +these O +procedural O +sedations O +was O +66 O +. O +9 O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +14 O +. O +4 O +; O +range O +33 O +to O +91 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +lowest O +BIS O +score O +corresponding O +to O +the O +ability O +of O +the O +patient O +to O +immediately O +repeat O +words O +read O +from O +the O +list O +was O +77 O +. O +1 O +( O +95 O +% O +CI O += O +74 O +. O +3 O +to O +80 O +. O +0 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +highest O +BIS O +score O +corresponding O +to O +the O +inability O +to O +repeat O +words O +was O +81 O +. O +5 O +( O +95 O +% O +CI O += O +78 O +. O +1 O +to O +84 O +. O +8 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +BIS O +score O +corresponding O +to O +the O +last O +word O +recalled O +from O +prior O +to O +the O +initiation O +of O +the O +sedation O +was O +96 O +. O +7 O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +4 O +; O +range O +84 O +to O +98 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +BIS O +score O +corresponding O +to O +the O +first O +word O +recalled O +after O +the O +procedure O +was O +completed O +was O +91 O +. O +2 O +( O +95 O +% O +CI O += O +88 O +. O +1 O +to O +94 O +. O +3 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +patients O +recalled O +at O +least O +one O +word O +that O +had O +been O +read O +to O +them O +during O +the O +protocol O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +lowest O +BIS O +score O +for O +any O +recalled O +word O +was O +91 O +. O +5 O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +11 O +. O +1 O +; O +range O +79 O +to O +98 O +) O +, O +and O +no O +words O +were O +recalled O +when O +the O +corresponding O +BIS O +score O +was O +less O +than O +90 O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +There O +is O +a O +range O +of O +BIS O +scores O +during O +which O +sedated O +patients O +are O +able O +to O +repeat O +words O +read O +to O +them O +but O +are O +not O +able O +to O +subsequently O +recall O +these O +words O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +patients O +had O +no O +recall O +of O +words O +repeated O +prior O +to O +procedural O +sedation O +in O +BIS O +ranges O +associated O +with O +recall O +after O +procedural O +sedation O +, O +suggestive O +of O +retrograde O +amnesia O +. O + +aps B-category +Amiodarone B-Chemical +pulmonary O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Amiodarone B-Chemical +is O +an O +effective O +antiarrhythmic O +agent O +whose O +utility O +is O +limited O +by O +many O +side O +- O +effects O +, O +the O +most O +problematic O +being O +pneumonitis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pulmonary O +toxicity O +of O +amiodarone B-Chemical +is O +thought O +to O +result O +from O +direct O +injury O +related O +to O +the O +intracellular O +accumulation O +of O +phospholipid O +and O +T O +cell O +- O +mediated O +hypersensitivity O +pneumonitis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +clinical O +and O +radiographic O +features O +of O +amiodarone B-Chemical +- O +induced O +pulmonary O +toxicity O +are O +characteristic O +but O +nonspecific O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +diagnosis O +depends O +on O +exclusion O +of O +other O +entities O +, O +such O +as O +heart O +failure O +, O +infection O +, O +and O +malignancy O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +withdrawal O +of O +amiodarone B-Chemical +leads O +to O +clinical O +improvement O +in O +majority O +of O +cases O +, O +this O +is O +not O +always O +possible O +or O +advisable O +. O + +aps B-category +Dose O +reduction O +or O +concomitant O +steroid B-Chemical +therapy O +may O +have O +a O +role O +in O +selected O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +prodrugs O +of O +potent O +and O +selective O +GluR5 O +kainate B-Chemical +receptor O +antagonists O +actives O +in O +three O +animal O +models O +of O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +Amino O +acids O +5 O +and O +7 O +, O +two O +potent O +and O +selective O +competitive O +GluR5 O +KA B-Chemical +receptor O +antagonists O +, O +exhibited O +high O +GluR5 O +receptor O +affinity O +over O +other O +glutamate B-Chemical +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Their O +ester O +prodrugs O +6 O +and O +8 O +were O +orally O +active O +in O +three O +models O +of O +pain O +: O +reversal O +of O +formalin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +paw O +licking O +, O +carrageenan B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thermal O +hyperalgesia O +, O +and O +capsaicin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +mechanical O +hyperalgesia O +. O + +aps B-category +Possible O +azithromycin B-Chemical +- O +associated O +hiccups O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +report O +a O +case O +of O +persistent O +hiccups O +associated O +by O +azithromycin B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +CASE O +SUMMARY O +: O +A O +76 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +man O +presented O +with O +persistent O +hiccups O +after O +beginning O +azithromycin B-Chemical +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +pharyngitis O +. O + +aps B-category +Hiccups O +were O +persistent O +and O +exhausting O +. O + +aps B-category +Discontinuation O +of O +azithromycin B-Chemical +and O +therapy O +with O +baclofen B-Chemical +finally O +resolved O +hiccups O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +organic O +cause O +of O +hiccups O +was O +identified O +despite O +extensive O +investigation O +. O + +aps B-category +DISCUSSION O +: O +Pharmacotherapeutic O +agents O +have O +been O +uncommonly O +associated O +with O +hiccups O +. O + +aps B-category +Corticosteroids O +( O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +and O +methylprednisolone B-Chemical +) O +, O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +( O +midazolam B-Chemical +) O +and O +general O +anaesthesia O +have O +been O +the O +specific O +agents O +mentioned O +most O +frequently O +in O +the O +literature O +as O +being O +associated O +with O +the O +development O +of O +hiccups O +. O + +aps B-category +Few O +cases O +of O +drug O +- O +induced O +hiccups O +have O +been O +reported O +related O +to O +macrolide B-Chemical +antimicrobials O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +the O +Naranjo O +adverse O +effect O +reaction O +probability O +scale O +this O +event O +could O +be O +classified O +as O +possible O +( O +score O +5 O +points O +) O +, O +mostly O +because O +of O +the O +close O +temporal O +sequence O +, O +previous O +reports O +on O +this O +reaction O +with O +other O +macrolides B-Chemical +and O +the O +absence O +of O +any O +alternative O +explanation O +for O +hiccups O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +hypothesis O +is O +that O +a O +vagal O +mechanism O +mediated O +by O +azithromycin B-Chemical +could O +be O +the O +pathogenesis O +of O +hiccups O +in O +our O +patient O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Diagnosis O +of O +drug O +- O +induced O +hiccups O +is O +difficult O +and O +often O +achieved O +only O +by O +a O +process O +of O +elimination O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +macrolide B-Chemical +antimicrobials O +have O +been O +reported O +to O +be O +associated O +with O +hiccups O +and O +vagal O +mechanism O +could O +explain O +the O +development O +of O +this O +side O +- O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +carbonate I-Chemical +toxicity O +: O +the O +updated O +milk O +- O +alkali O +syndrome O +; O +report O +of O +3 O +cases O +and O +review O +of O +the O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +describe O +3 O +patients O +with O +calcium B-Chemical +carbonate I-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypercalcemia O +and O +gain O +insights O +into O +the O +cause O +and O +management O +of O +the O +milk O +- O +alkali O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +We O +report O +the O +clinical O +and O +laboratory O +data O +in O +3 O +patients O +who O +presented O +with O +severe O +hypercalcemia O +( O +corrected O +serum O +calcium B-Chemical +> O +or O += O +14 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +) O +and O +review O +the O +pertinent O +literature O +on O +milk O +- O +alkali O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +3 O +patients O +had O +acute O +renal O +insufficiency O +, O +relative O +metabolic O +alkalosis O +, O +and O +low O +parathyroid O +hormone O +( O +PTH O +) O +, O +PTH O +- O +related O +peptide O +, O +and O +1 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +25 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dihydroxyvitamin I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +malignant O +lesion O +was O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +included O +aggressive O +hydration O +and O +varied O +amounts O +of O +furosemide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +2 O +patients O +with O +the O +higher O +serum O +calcium B-Chemical +concentrations O +received O +pamidronate B-Chemical +intravenously O +( O +60 O +and O +30 O +mg O +, O +respectively O +) O +, O +which O +caused O +severe O +hypocalcemia O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +the O +3 O +patients O +, O +2 O +were O +ingesting O +acceptable O +doses O +of O +elemental O +calcium B-Chemical +( O +1 O +g O +and O +2 O +g O +daily O +, O +respectively O +) O +in O +the O +form O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +carbonate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +to O +our O +highlighted O +cases O +, O +we O +review O +the O +history O +, O +classification O +, O +pathophysiologic O +features O +, O +and O +treatment O +of O +milk O +- O +alkali O +syndrome O +and O +summarize O +the O +cases O +reported O +from O +early O +1995 O +to O +November O +2003 O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Milk O +- O +alkali O +syndrome O +may O +be O +a O +common O +cause O +of O +unexplained O +hypercalcemia O +and O +can O +be O +precipitated O +by O +small O +amounts O +of O +orally O +ingested O +calcium B-Chemical +carbonate I-Chemical +in O +susceptible O +persons O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +with O +hydration O +, O +furosemide B-Chemical +, O +and O +discontinuation O +of O +the O +calcium B-Chemical +and O +vitamin B-Chemical +D I-Chemical +source O +is O +adequate O +. O + +aps B-category +Pamidronate B-Chemical +treatment O +is O +associated O +with O +considerable O +risk O +for O +hypocalcemia O +, O +even O +in O +cases O +of O +initially O +severe O +hypercalcemia O +. O + +aps B-category +Warfarin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +leukocytoclastic O +vasculitis O +. O + +aps B-category +Skin O +reactions O +associated O +with O +oral O +coumarin B-Chemical +- O +derived O +anticoagulants O +are O +an O +uncommon O +occurrence O +. O + +aps B-category +Leukocytoclastic O +vasculitis O +( O +LV O +) O +is O +primarily O +a O +cutaneous O +small O +vessel O +vasculitis O +, O +though O +systemic O +involvement O +may O +be O +encountered O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +4 O +patients O +with O +late O +- O +onset O +LV O +probably O +due O +to O +warfarin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +All O +4 O +patients O +presented O +with O +skin O +eruptions O +that O +developed O +after O +receiving O +warfarin B-Chemical +for O +several O +years O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +of O +skin O +lesion O +biopsies O +were O +available O +in O +3 O +patients O +, O +confirming O +LV O +Cutaneous O +lesions O +resolved O +in O +all O +patients O +after O +warfarin B-Chemical +was O +discontinued O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +2 O +of O +the O +4 O +patients O +, O +rechallenge O +with O +warfarin B-Chemical +led O +to O +recurrence O +of O +the O +lesions O +. O + +aps B-category +LV O +may O +be O +a O +late O +- O +onset O +adverse O +reaction O +associated O +with O +warfarin B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +brainstem O +seizures O +and O +behavior O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +variety O +of O +abnormal O +sensory O +/ O +motor O +behaviors O +associated O +with O +electrical O +discharges O +recorded O +from O +the O +bilateral O +brainstem O +were O +induced O +in O +adult O +WKY O +rats O +by O +mechanical O +( O +electrode O +implants O +) O +and O +DC O +electrical O +current O +stimulations O +and O +by O +acute O +and O +chronic O +administration O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +electrode O +implant O +implicated O +one O +side O +or O +the O +other O +of O +the O +reticular O +system O +of O +the O +brainstem O +but O +subjects O +were O +not O +incapacitated O +by O +the O +stimulations O +. O + +aps B-category +Cocaine B-Chemical +( O +40 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +was O +injected O +subcutaneously O +for O +an O +acute O +experiment O +and O +subsequent O +20 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +doses O +twice O +daily O +for O +3 O +days O +in O +a O +chronic O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +Cocaine B-Chemical +generated O +more O +abnormal O +behaviors O +in O +the O +brainstem O +perturbation O +group O +, O +especially O +the O +electrically O +perturbated O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +abnormal O +behaviors O +were O +yawning O +, O +retrocollis O +, O +hyperactivity O +, O +hypersensitivity O +, O +" O +beating O +drum O +" O +behavior O +, O +squealing O +, O +head O +bobbing O +, O +circling O +, O +sniffing O +, O +abnormal O +posturing O +, O +and O +facial O +twitching O +. O + +aps B-category +Shifts O +in O +the O +power O +frequency O +spectra O +of O +the O +discharge O +patterns O +were O +noted O +between O +quiet O +and O +pacing O +behavioral O +states O +. O + +aps B-category +Hypersensitivity O +to O +various O +auditory O +, O +tactile O +, O +and O +visual O +stimulation O +was O +present O +and O +shifts O +in O +the O +brainstem O +ambient O +power O +spectral O +frequency O +occurred O +in O +response O +to O +tactile O +stimulation O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +suggest O +that O +the O +brainstem O +generates O +and O +propagates O +pathological O +discharges O +that O +can O +be O +elicited O +by O +mechanical O +and O +DC O +electrical O +perturbation O +. O + +aps B-category +Cocaine B-Chemical +was O +found O +to O +activate O +the O +discharge O +system O +and O +thus O +induce O +abnormal O +behaviors O +that O +are O +generated O +at O +the O +discharge O +site O +and O +at O +distant O +sites O +to O +which O +the O +discharge O +propagates O +. O + +aps B-category +Cognitive O +functions O +may O +also O +be O +involved O +since O +dopaminergic O +and O +serotonergic O +cellular O +elements O +at O +the O +brainstem O +level O +are O +also O +implicated O +. O + +aps B-category +rTMS O +of O +supplementary O +motor O +area O +modulates O +therapy O +- O +induced O +dyskinesias O +in O +Parkinson O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +neural O +mechanisms O +and O +circuitry O +involved O +in O +levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +dyskinesia O +are O +unclear O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +repetitive O +transcranial O +magnetic O +stimulation O +( O +rTMS O +) O +over O +the O +supplementary O +motor O +area O +( O +SMA O +) O +in O +a O +group O +of O +patients O +with O +advanced O +Parkinson O +disease O +, O +the O +authors O +investigated O +whether O +modulation O +of O +SMA O +excitability O +may O +result O +in O +a O +modification O +of O +a O +dyskinetic O +state O +induced O +by O +continuous O +apomorphine B-Chemical +infusion O +. O + +aps B-category +rTMS O +at O +1 O +Hz O +was O +observed O +to O +markedly O +reduce O +drug O +- O +induced O +dyskinesias O +, O +whereas O +5 O +- O +Hz O +rTMS O +induced O +a O +slight O +but O +not O +significant O +increase O +. O + +aps B-category +Intracavitary O +chemotherapy O +( O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +/ O +carboplatin B-Chemical +liquid O +crystalline O +cubic O +phases O +) O +for O +recurrent O +glioblastoma O +- O +- O +clinical O +observations O +. O + +aps B-category +Human O +malignant O +brain O +tumors O +have O +a O +poor O +prognosis O +in O +spite O +of O +surgery O +and O +radiation O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Cubic O +phases O +consist O +of O +curved O +biocontinuous O +lipid O +bilayers O +, O +separating O +two O +congruent O +networks O +of O +water O +channels O +. O + +aps B-category +Used O +as O +a O +host O +for O +cytotoxic O +drugs O +, O +the O +gel O +- O +like O +matrix O +can O +easily O +be O +applied O +to O +the O +walls O +of O +a O +surgical O +resection O +cavity O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +human O +glioblastoma O +recurrences O +, O +the O +feasibility O +, O +safety O +, O +and O +short O +- O +term O +effects O +of O +a O +surgical O +intracavitary O +application O +of O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +and O +carboplatin B-Chemical +encapsulated O +by O +liquid O +crystalline O +cubic O +phases O +are O +examined O +in O +a O +pilot O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +total O +of O +12 O +patients O +with O +a O +recurrence O +of O +a O +glioblastoma O +multiforme O +underwent O +re O +- O +resection O +and O +received O +an O +intracavitary O +application O +of O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +and O +carboplatin B-Chemical +cubic O +phases O +in O +different O +dosages O +. O + +aps B-category +Six O +of O +the O +patients O +received O +more O +than O +15 O +mg O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +and O +suffered O +from O +moderate O +to O +severe O +brain O +edema O +, O +while O +the O +remaining O +patients O +received O +only O +a O +total O +of O +15 O +mg O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +latter O +group O +, O +brain O +edema O +was O +markedly O +reduced O +and O +dealt O +medically O +. O + +aps B-category +Intracavitary O +chemotherapy O +in O +recurrent O +glioblastoma O +using O +cubic O +phases O +is O +feasible O +and O +safe O +, O +yet O +the O +clinical O +benefit O +remains O +to O +be O +examined O +in O +a O +clinical O +phase O +II O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +Lamotrigine B-Chemical +associated O +with O +exacerbation O +or O +de O +novo O +myoclonus O +in O +idiopathic O +generalized O +epilepsies O +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +patients O +with O +idiopathic O +generalized O +epilepsies O +( O +IGE O +) O +treated O +with O +lamotrigine B-Chemical +( O +LTG B-Chemical +) O +experienced O +exacerbation O +or O +de O +novo O +appearance O +of O +myoclonic O +jerks O +( O +MJ O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +three O +patients O +, O +LTG B-Chemical +exacerbated O +MJ O +in O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +manner O +with O +early O +aggravation O +during O +titration O +. O + +aps B-category +MJ O +disappeared O +when O +LTG B-Chemical +dose O +was O +decreased O +by O +25 O +to O +50 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +two O +patients O +, O +LTG B-Chemical +exacerbated O +MJ O +in O +a O +delayed O +but O +more O +severe O +manner O +, O +with O +myoclonic O +status O +that O +only O +ceased O +after O +LTG B-Chemical +withdrawal O +. O + +aps B-category +Absence O +of O +acute O +cerebral O +vasoconstriction O +after O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +associated O +subarachnoid O +hemorrhage O +. O + +aps B-category +INTRODUCTION O +: O +Cocaine B-Chemical +use O +has O +been O +associated O +with O +neurovascular O +complications O +, O +including O +arterial O +vasoconstriction O +and O +vasculitis O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +there O +are O +few O +studies O +of O +angiographic O +effects O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +on O +human O +cerebral O +arteries O +. O + +aps B-category +Information O +on O +these O +effects O +could O +be O +obtained O +from O +angiograms O +of O +patients O +with O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +associated O +subarachnoid O +hemorrhage O +( O +SAH O +) O +who O +underwent O +angiography O +shortly O +after O +cocaine B-Chemical +use O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +We O +screened O +patients O +with O +SAH O +retrospectively O +and O +identified O +those O +with O +positive O +urine O +toxicology O +for O +cocaine B-Chemical +or O +its O +metabolites O +. O + +aps B-category +Quantitative O +arterial O +diameter O +measurements O +from O +angiograms O +of O +these O +patients O +were O +compared O +to O +measurements O +from O +control O +patients O +with O +SAH O +who O +were O +matched O +for O +factors O +known O +to O +influence O +arterial O +diameter O +. O + +aps B-category +Qualitative O +comparisons O +of O +small O +artery O +changes O +also O +were O +made O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Thirteen O +patients O +with O +positive O +cocaine B-Chemical +toxicology O +were O +compared O +to O +26 O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +were O +no O +significant O +differences O +between O +groups O +in O +the O +mean O +diameters O +of O +the O +intradural O +internal O +carotid O +, O +sphenoidal O +segment O +of O +the O +middle O +cerebral O +, O +precommunicating O +segment O +of O +the O +anterior O +cerebral O +, O +or O +basilar O +arteries O +( O +p O +greater O +than O +0 O +. O +05 O +for O +all O +comparisons O +, O +unpaired O +t O +- O +tests O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +also O +were O +no O +significant O +differences O +between O +groups O +when O +expressing O +diameters O +as O +the O +sum O +of O +the O +precommunicating O +segment O +of O +the O +anterior O +cerebral O ++ O +sphenoidal O +segment O +of O +the O +middle O +cerebral O ++ O +supraclinoid O +internal O +carotid O +artery O ++ O +basilar O +artery O +divided O +by O +the O +diameter O +of O +the O +petrous O +internal O +carotid O +artery O +( O +p O +greater O +than O +0 O +. O +05 O +, O +unpaired O +t O +- O +tests O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Qualitative O +assessments O +showed O +two O +arterial O +irregularities O +in O +the O +distal O +vasculature O +in O +each O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +No O +quantitative O +evidence O +for O +narrowing O +of O +large O +cerebral O +arteries O +or O +qualitative O +angiographic O +evidence O +for O +distal O +narrowing O +or O +vasculitis O +could O +be O +found O +in O +patients O +who O +underwent O +angiography O +after O +aneurysmal O +SAH O +associated O +with O +cocaine B-Chemical +use O +. O + +aps B-category +Methamphetamine B-Chemical +causes O +alterations O +in O +the O +MAP O +kinase O +- O +related O +pathways O +in O +the O +brains O +of O +mice O +that O +display O +increased O +aggressiveness O +. O + +aps B-category +Aggressive O +behaviors O +have O +been O +reported O +in O +patients O +who O +suffer O +from O +some O +psychiatric O +disorders O +, O +and O +are O +common O +in O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +( O +METH B-Chemical +) O +abusers O +. O + +aps B-category +Herein O +, O +we O +report O +that O +multiple O +( O +but O +not O +single O +) O +injections O +of O +METH B-Chemical +significantly O +increased O +aggressiveness O +in O +male O +CD O +- O +1 O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +increase O +in O +aggressiveness O +was O +not O +secondary O +to O +METH B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hyperactivity O +. O + +aps B-category +Analysis O +of O +protein O +expression O +using O +antibody O +microarrays O +and O +Western O +blotting O +revealed O +differential O +changes O +in O +MAP O +kinase O +- O +related O +pathways O +after O +multiple O +and O +single O +METH B-Chemical +injections O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +were O +statistically O +significant O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +decreases O +in O +MEK1 O +, O +Erk2p O +, O +GSK3alpha O +, O +14 O +- O +3 O +- O +3e O +, O +and O +MEK7 O +in O +the O +striata O +of O +mice O +after O +multiple O +injections O +of O +METH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +MEK1 O +was O +significantly O +decreased O +also O +after O +a O +single O +injection O +of O +METH B-Chemical +, O +but O +to O +a O +much O +lesser O +degree O +than O +after O +multiple O +injections O +of O +METH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +frontal O +cortex O +, O +there O +was O +a O +statistically O +significant O +decrease O +in O +GSK3alpha O +after O +multiple O +( O +but O +not O +single O +) O +injections O +of O +METH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +suggest O +that O +alterations O +in O +MAP O +kinase O +- O +related O +pathways O +in O +the O +prefronto O +- O +striatal O +circuitries O +might O +be O +involved O +in O +the O +manifestation O +of O +aggressive O +behaviors O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Amisulpride B-Chemical +related O +tic O +- O +like O +symptoms O +in O +an O +adolescent O +schizophrenic O +. O + +aps B-category +Tic O +disorders O +can O +be O +effectively O +treated O +by O +atypical O +antipsychotics O +such O +as O +risperidone B-Chemical +, O +olanzapine B-Chemical +and O +ziprasidone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +there O +are O +two O +case O +reports O +that O +show O +tic O +- O +like O +symptoms O +, O +including O +motor O +and O +phonic O +variants O +, O +occurring O +during O +treatment O +with O +quetiapine B-Chemical +or O +clozapine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +present O +a O +15 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +girl O +schizophrenic O +who O +developed O +frequent O +involuntary O +eye O +- O +blinking O +movements O +after O +5 O +months O +of O +amisulpride B-Chemical +treatment O +( O +1000 O +mg O +per O +day O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +tic O +- O +like O +symptoms O +resolved O +completely O +after O +we O +reduced O +the O +dose O +of O +amisulpride B-Chemical +down O +to O +800 O +mg O +per O +day O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +her O +psychosis O +recurred O +after O +the O +dose O +reduction O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +then O +placed O +her O +on O +an O +additional O +100 O +mg O +per O +day O +of O +quetiapine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +She O +has O +been O +in O +complete O +remission O +under O +the O +combined O +medications O +for O +more O +than O +one O +year O +and O +maintains O +a O +fair O +role O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +more O +tic O +- O +like O +symptoms O +or O +other O +side O +effects O +have O +been O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +Together O +with O +previously O +reported O +cases O +, O +our O +patient O +suggests O +that O +tic O +- O +like O +symptoms O +might O +occur O +in O +certain O +vulnerable O +individuals O +during O +treatment O +with O +atypical O +antipsychotics O +such O +as O +quetiapine B-Chemical +, O +clozapine B-Chemical +, O +or O +amisulpride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Chloroquine B-Chemical +related O +complete O +heart O +block O +with O +blindness O +: O +case O +report O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +27 O +- O +year O +old O +African O +woman O +with O +history O +of O +regular O +chloroquine B-Chemical +ingestion O +presented O +with O +progressive O +deterioration O +of O +vision O +, O +easy O +fatiguability O +, O +dyspnoea O +, O +dizziness O +progressing O +to O +syncopal O +attacks O +. O + +aps B-category +Ophthalmological O +assessment O +revealed O +features O +of O +chloroquine B-Chemical +retinopathy O +, O +cardiac O +assessment O +revealed O +features O +of O +heart O +failure O +and O +a O +complete O +heart O +block O +with O +right O +bundle O +branch O +block O +pattern O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +heart O +block O +was O +treated O +by O +pacemaker O +insertion O +and O +the O +heart O +failure O +resolved O +spontaneously O +following O +chloroquine B-Chemical +discontinuation O +. O + +aps B-category +She O +however O +remains O +blind O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +suprofen B-Chemical +on O +the O +isolated O +perfused O +rat O +kidney O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +suprofen B-Chemical +has O +been O +associated O +with O +the O +development O +of O +acute O +renal O +failure O +in O +greater O +than O +100 O +subjects O +, O +the O +mechanism O +of O +damage O +remains O +unclear O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +direct O +nephrotoxic O +effects O +of O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +15 O +mg O +of O +suprofen B-Chemical +were O +compared O +in O +the O +recirculating O +isolated O +rat O +kidney O +perfused O +with O +cell O +- O +free O +buffer O +with O +or O +without O +the O +addition O +of O +5 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +of O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +There O +were O +no O +significant O +differences O +in O +renal O +sodium B-Chemical +excretion O +, O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +, O +or O +urinary O +flow O +rates O +in O +kidneys O +perfused O +with O +suprofen B-Chemical +compared O +with O +the O +drug O +- O +free O +control O +groups O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Chronic O +infection O +with O +hepatitis O +C O +virus O +( O +HCV O +) O +can O +progress O +to O +cirrhosis O +, O +hepatocellular O +carcinoma O +, O +and O +end O +- O +stage O +liver O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +current O +best O +treatment O +for O +HCV O +infection O +is O +combination O +therapy O +with O +pegylated O +interferon B-Chemical +and O +ribavirin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +this O +regimen O +produces O +sustained O +virologic O +responses O +( O +SVRs O +) O +in O +approximately O +50 O +% O +of O +patients O +, O +it O +can O +be O +associated O +with O +a O +potentially O +dose O +- O +limiting O +hemolytic O +anemia O +. O + +aps B-category +Hemoglobin O +concentrations O +decrease O +mainly O +as O +a O +result O +of O +ribavirin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hemolysis O +, O +and O +this O +anemia O +can O +be O +problematic O +in O +patients O +with O +HCV O +infection O +, O +especially O +those O +who O +have O +comorbid O +renal O +or O +cardiovascular O +disorders O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +general O +, O +anemia O +can O +increase O +the O +risk O +of O +morbidity O +and O +mortality O +, O +and O +may O +have O +negative O +effects O +on O +cerebral O +function O +and O +quality O +of O +life O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +ribavirin B-Chemical +- O +associated O +anemia O +can O +be O +reversed O +by O +dose O +reduction O +or O +discontinuation O +, O +this O +approach O +compromises O +outcomes O +by O +significantly O +decreasing O +SVR O +rates O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +fetal O +measures O +for O +women O +who O +quit O +after O +learning O +of O +their O +pregnancies O +were O +compared O +with O +measures O +for O +women O +who O +continued O +some O +drinking O +throughout O +the O +course O +of O +their O +pregnancies O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +intensity O +of O +alcohol B-Chemical +consumption O +is O +associated O +with O +poorer O +fetal O +outcomes O +, O +separate O +analyses O +were O +conducted O +for O +the O +heavy O +( O +average O +of O +> O +or O += O +5 O +drinks O +per O +drinking O +day O +) O +alcohol B-Chemical +consumers O +. O + +aps B-category +Fetal O +measures O +from O +the O +heavy O +- O +exposed O +fetuses O +were O +also O +compared O +with O +measures O +from O +a O +nondrinking O +group O +that O +was O +representative O +of O +normal O +, O +uncomplicated O +pregnancies O +from O +our O +clinics O +. O + +aps B-category +Analyses O +of O +covariance O +were O +used O +to O +determine O +whether O +there O +were O +differences O +between O +groups O +after O +controlling O +for O +influences O +of O +gestational O +age O +and O +drug O +abuse O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Nearly O +half O +of O +the O +pregnant O +drinkers O +abstained O +after O +learning O +of O +their O +pregnancies O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +women O +reportedly O +quit O +drinking O +early O +in O +their O +pregnancies O +, O +fetal O +growth O +measures O +were O +not O +significantly O +different O +from O +a O +non O +- O +alcohol B-Chemical +- O +exposed O +group O +, O +regardless O +of O +prior O +drinking O +patterns O +. O + +aps B-category +Any O +alcohol B-Chemical +consumption O +postpregnancy O +recognition O +among O +the O +heavy O +drinkers O +resulted O +in O +reduced O +cerebellar O +growth O +as O +well O +as O +decreased O +cranial O +to O +body O +growth O +in O +comparison O +with O +women O +who O +either O +quit O +drinking O +or O +who O +were O +nondrinkers O +. O + +aps B-category +Amphetamine B-Chemical +abuse O +was O +predictive O +of O +larger O +cranial O +to O +body O +growth O +ratios O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Alterations O +in O +fetal O +biometric O +measurements O +were O +observed O +among O +the O +heavy O +drinkers O +only O +when O +they O +continued O +drinking O +after O +becoming O +aware O +of O +their O +pregnancies O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +the O +reliance O +on O +self O +- O +reported O +drinking O +is O +a O +limitation O +in O +this O +study O +, O +these O +findings O +support O +the O +benefits O +of O +early O +abstinence O +and O +the O +potential O +for O +ultrasound O +examinations O +in O +the O +detection O +of O +fetal O +alcohol B-Chemical +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Ethambutol B-Chemical +- O +associated O +optic O +neuropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +INTRODUCTION O +: O +Ethambutol B-Chemical +is O +used O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +tuberculosis O +, O +which O +is O +still O +prevalent O +in O +Southeast O +Asia O +, O +and O +can O +be O +associated O +with O +permanent O +visual O +loss O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +3 O +cases O +which O +presented O +with O +bitemporal O +hemianopia O +. O + +aps B-category +CLINICAL O +PICTURE O +: O +Three O +patients O +with O +ethambutol B-Chemical +- O +associated O +toxic O +optic O +neuropathy O +are O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +3 O +patients O +had O +loss O +of O +central O +visual O +acuity O +, O +colour O +vision O +( O +Ishihara O +) O +and O +visual O +field O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +visual O +field O +loss O +had O +a O +bitemporal O +flavour O +, O +suggesting O +involvement O +of O +the O +optic O +chiasm O +. O + +aps B-category +TREATMENT O +: O +Despite O +stopping O +ethambutol B-Chemical +on O +diagnosis O +, O +visual O +function O +continued O +to O +deteriorate O +for O +a O +few O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +Subsequent O +improvement O +was O +mild O +in O +2 O +cases O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +third O +case O +, O +visual O +acuity O +and O +colour O +vision O +normalised O +but O +the O +optic O +discs O +were O +pale O +. O + +aps B-category +OUTCOME O +: O +All O +3 O +patients O +had O +some O +permanent O +loss O +of O +visual O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Ethambutol B-Chemical +usage O +is O +associated O +with O +permanent O +visual O +loss O +and O +should O +be O +avoided O +if O +possible O +or O +used O +with O +caution O +and O +proper O +ophthalmological O +follow O +- O +up O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +author O +postulates O +that O +in O +cases O +of O +ethambutol B-Chemical +associated O +chiasmopathy O +, O +ethambutol B-Chemical +may O +initially O +affect O +the O +optic O +nerves O +and O +subsequently O +progress O +to O +involve O +the O +optic O +chiasm O +. O + +aps B-category +Possible O +neuroleptic O +malignant O +syndrome O +related O +to O +concomitant O +treatment O +with O +paroxetine B-Chemical +and O +alprazolam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +74 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +man O +with O +depressive O +symptoms O +was O +admitted O +to O +a O +psychiatric O +hospital O +due O +to O +insomnia O +, O +loss O +of O +appetite O +, O +exhaustion O +, O +and O +agitation O +. O + +aps B-category +Medical O +treatment O +was O +initiated O +at O +a O +daily O +dose O +of O +20 O +mg O +paroxetine B-Chemical +and O +1 O +. O +2 O +mg O +alprazolam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +10th O +day O +of O +paroxetine B-Chemical +and O +alprazolam B-Chemical +treatment O +, O +the O +patient O +exhibited O +marked O +psychomotor O +retardation O +, O +disorientation O +, O +and O +severe O +muscle O +rigidity O +with O +tremors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +had O +a O +fever O +( O +38 O +. O +2 O +degrees O +C O +) O +, O +fluctuating O +blood O +pressure O +( O +between O +165 O +/ O +90 O +and O +130 O +/ O +70 O +mg O +mm O +Hg O +) O +, O +and O +severe O +extrapyramidal O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +Laboratory O +tests O +showed O +an O +elevation O +of O +creatine B-Chemical +phosphokinase O +( O +2218 O +IU O +/ O +L O +) O +, O +aspartate B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +( O +134 O +IU O +/ O +L O +) O +, O +alanine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +( O +78 O +IU O +/ O +L O +) O +, O +and O +BUN O +( O +27 O +. O +9 O +mg O +/ O +ml O +) O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +received O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +and O +diazepam B-Chemical +to O +treat O +his O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +7 O +days O +later O +, O +the O +fever O +disappeared O +and O +the O +patient O +' O +s O +serum O +CPK O +levels O +were O +normalized O +( O +175 O +IU O +/ O +L O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +patient O +presented O +with O +symptoms O +of O +neuroleptic O +malignant O +syndrome O +( O +NMS O +) O +, O +thus O +demonstrating O +that O +NMS O +- O +like O +symptoms O +can O +occur O +after O +combined O +paroxetine B-Chemical +and O +alprazolam B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +adverse O +drug O +reaction O +score O +obtained O +by O +the O +Naranjo O +algorithm O +was O +6 O +in O +our O +case O +, O +indicating O +a O +probable O +relationship O +between O +the O +patient O +' O +s O +NMS O +- O +like O +adverse O +symptoms O +and O +the O +combined O +treatment O +used O +in O +this O +case O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +involvement O +of O +physiologic O +and O +environmental O +aspects O +specific O +to O +this O +patient O +was O +suspected O +. O + +aps B-category +Several O +risk O +factors O +for O +NMS O +should O +be O +noted O +in O +elderly O +depressive O +patients O +whose O +symptoms O +often O +include O +dehydration O +, O +agitation O +, O +malnutrition O +, O +and O +exhaustion O +. O + +aps B-category +Careful O +therapeutic O +intervention O +is O +necessary O +in O +cases O +involving O +elderly O +patients O +who O +suffer O +from O +depression O +. O + +aps B-category +Down O +- O +regulation O +of O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +transporter O +function O +induced O +by O +chronic O +administration O +of O +desipramine B-Chemical +linking O +to O +the O +alteration O +of O +sensitivity O +of O +local O +- O +anesthetics O +- O +induced O +convulsions O +and O +the O +counteraction O +by O +co O +- O +administration O +with O +local O +anesthetics O +. O + +aps B-category +Alterations O +of O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +transporter O +( O +NET O +) O +function O +by O +chronic O +inhibition O +of O +NET O +in O +relation O +to O +sensitization O +to O +seizures O +induce O +by O +cocaine B-Chemical +and O +local O +anesthetics O +were O +studied O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Daily O +administration O +of O +desipramine B-Chemical +, O +an O +inhibitor O +of O +the O +NET O +, O +for O +5 O +days O +decreased O +[ O +( O +3 O +) O +H O +] O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +uptake O +in O +the O +P2 O +fractions O +of O +hippocampus O +but O +not O +cortex O +, O +striatum O +or O +amygdalae O +. O + +aps B-category +Co O +- O +administration O +of O +lidocaine B-Chemical +, O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +or O +tricaine B-Chemical +with O +desipramine B-Chemical +reversed O +this O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Daily O +treatment O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +increased O +[ O +( O +3 O +) O +H O +] O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +uptake O +into O +the O +hippocampus O +. O + +aps B-category +Daily O +administration O +of O +desipramine B-Chemical +increased O +the O +incidence O +of O +appearance O +of O +lidocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +convulsions O +and O +decreased O +that O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +convulsions O +. O + +aps B-category +Co O +- O +administration O +of O +lidocaine B-Chemical +with O +desipramine B-Chemical +reversed O +the O +changes O +of O +convulsive O +activity O +of O +lidocaine B-Chemical +and O +cocaine B-Chemical +induced O +by O +repeated O +administration O +of O +desipramine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +down O +- O +regulation O +of O +hippocampal O +NET O +induced O +by O +chronic O +administration O +of O +desipramine B-Chemical +may O +be O +relevant O +to O +desipramine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +sensitization O +of O +lidocaine B-Chemical +convulsions O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +Na B-Chemical +( O ++ O +) O +channels O +by O +local O +anesthetics O +may O +regulate O +desipramine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +down O +- O +regulation O +of O +NET O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +Repeated O +administration O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +induces O +up O +- O +regulation O +of O +hippocampal O +NET O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +Desipramine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +sensitization O +of O +lidocaine B-Chemical +seizures O +may O +have O +a O +mechanism O +distinct O +from O +kindling O +resulting O +from O +repeated O +administration O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Atorvastatin B-Chemical +prevented O +and O +reversed O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypertension O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +assess O +the O +antioxidant O +effects O +of O +atorvastatin B-Chemical +( O +atorva B-Chemical +) O +on O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +( O +dex B-Chemical +) O +- O +induced O +hypertension O +, O +60 O +male O +Sprague O +- O +Dawley O +rats O +were O +treated O +with O +atorva B-Chemical +30 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +/ O +day O +or O +tap O +water O +for O +15 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +Dex B-Chemical +increased O +systolic O +blood O +pressure O +( O +SBP O +) O +from O +109 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +8 O +to O +135 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +6 O +mmHg O +and O +plasma O +superoxide B-Chemical +( O +5711 O ++ O +/ O +- O +284 O +. O +9 O +saline O +, O +7931 O ++ O +/ O +- O +392 O +. O +8 O +U O +/ O +ml O +dex B-Chemical +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +prevention O +study O +, O +SBP O +in O +the O +atorva B-Chemical ++ O +dex B-Chemical +group O +was O +increased O +from O +115 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +4 O +to O +124 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +5 O +mmHg O +, O +but O +this O +was O +significantly O +lower O +than O +in O +the O +dex B-Chemical +- O +only O +group O +( O +P O +' O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Atorva B-Chemical +reversed O +dex B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypertension O +( O +129 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +6 O +mmHg O +, O +vs O +. O +135 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +6 O +mmHg O +P O +' O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +and O +decreased O +plasma O +superoxide B-Chemical +( O +7931 O ++ O +/ O +- O +392 O +. O +8 O +dex B-Chemical +, O +1187 O ++ O +/ O +- O +441 O +. O +2 O +atorva B-Chemical ++ O +dex B-Chemical +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +0001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +nitrate B-Chemical +/ O +nitrite B-Chemical +( O +NOx O +) O +was O +decreased O +in O +dex B-Chemical +- O +treated O +rats O +compared O +to O +saline O +- O +treated O +rats O +( O +11 O +. O +2 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +08 O +microm O +, O +15 O +. O +3 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +17 O +microm O +, O +respectively O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Atorva B-Chemical +affected O +neither O +plasma O +NOx O +nor O +thymus O +weight O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +atorvastatin B-Chemical +prevented O +and O +reversed O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypertension O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Peripheral O +neuropathy O +caused O +by O +high O +- O +dose O +cytosine B-Chemical +arabinoside I-Chemical +treatment O +in O +a O +patient O +with O +acute O +myeloid O +leukemia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +central O +nervous O +system O +toxicity O +of O +high O +- O +dose O +cytosine B-Chemical +arabinoside I-Chemical +is O +well O +recognized O +, O +but O +the O +toxicity O +of O +cytosine B-Chemical +arabinoside I-Chemical +in O +the O +peripheral O +nervous O +system O +has O +been O +infrequently O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +49 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +Japanese O +man O +was O +diagnosed O +with O +acute O +myeloid O +leukemia O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +he O +achieved O +complete O +remission O +, O +he O +received O +high O +- O +dose O +cytosine B-Chemical +arabinoside I-Chemical +treatment O +( O +2 O +g O +/ O +m2 O +twice O +a O +day O +for O +5 O +days O +; O +total O +, O +20 O +g O +/ O +m2 O +) O +as O +consolidation O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +first O +course O +of O +high O +- O +dose O +cytosine B-Chemical +arabinoside I-Chemical +resulted O +in O +no O +unusual O +symptoms O +, O +but O +on O +day O +21 O +of O +the O +second O +course O +of O +treatment O +, O +the O +patient O +complained O +of O +numbness O +in O +his O +right O +foot O +. O + +aps B-category +Electromyogram O +and O +nerve O +- O +conduction O +studies O +showed O +peripheral O +neuropathy O +in O +both O +peroneal O +nerves O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +neuropathy O +was O +gradually O +resolving O +; O +however O +, O +after O +the O +patient O +received O +allogeneic O +bone O +marrow O +transplantation O +, O +the O +symptoms O +worsened O +, O +with O +the O +development O +of O +graft O +- O +versus O +- O +host O +disease O +, O +and O +the O +symptoms O +subsequently O +responded O +to O +methylprednisolone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +the O +mechanisms O +of O +peripheral O +neuropathy O +are O +still O +unclear O +, O +high O +- O +dose O +cytosine B-Chemical +arabinoside I-Chemical +is O +a O +therapy O +that O +is O +potentially O +toxic O +to O +the O +peripheral O +nervous O +system O +, O +and O +auto O +/ O +alloimmunity O +may O +play O +an O +important O +role O +in O +these O +mechanisms O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tocopherol I-Chemical +and O +deferoxamine B-Chemical +on O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +neurotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Methamphetamine B-Chemical +( O +MA B-Chemical +) O +- O +induced O +dopaminergic O +neurotoxicity O +is O +believed O +to O +be O +associated O +with O +the O +increased O +formation O +of O +free O +radicals O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +examined O +the O +effect O +of O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tocopherol I-Chemical +( O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +TC I-Chemical +) O +, O +a O +scavenger O +of O +reactive O +oxygen B-Chemical +species O +, O +and O +deferoxamine B-Chemical +( O +DFO B-Chemical +) O +, O +an O +iron B-Chemical +chelator O +, O +on O +the O +MA B-Chemical +- O +induced O +neurotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Male O +rats O +were O +treated O +with O +MA B-Chemical +( O +10 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +every O +2 O +h O +for O +four O +injections O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rat O +received O +either O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +TC I-Chemical +( O +20 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +intraperitoneally O +for O +3 O +days O +and O +30 O +min O +prior O +to O +MA B-Chemical +administration O +or O +DFO B-Chemical +( O +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +subcutaneously O +30 O +min O +before O +MA B-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +concentrations O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +( O +DA B-Chemical +) O +, O +serotonin B-Chemical +and O +their O +metabolites O +decreased O +significantly O +after O +MA B-Chemical +administration O +, O +which O +was O +inhibited O +by O +the O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +TC I-Chemical +and O +DFO B-Chemical +pretreatment O +. O + +aps B-category +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +TC I-Chemical +and O +DFO B-Chemical +attenuated O +the O +MA B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hyperthermia O +as O +well O +as O +the O +alterations O +in O +the O +locomotor O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +level O +of O +lipid O +peroxidation O +was O +higher O +and O +the O +reduced O +glutathione B-Chemical +concentration O +was O +lower O +in O +the O +MA B-Chemical +- O +treated O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +changes O +were O +significantly O +attenuated O +by O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +TC I-Chemical +and O +DFO B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +suggests O +that O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +TC I-Chemical +and O +DFO B-Chemical +ameliorate O +the O +MA B-Chemical +- O +induced O +neuronal O +damage O +by O +decreasing O +the O +level O +of O +oxidative O +stress O +. O + +aps B-category +Blockade O +of O +both O +D O +- O +1 O +and O +D O +- O +2 O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptors O +may O +induce O +catalepsy O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +catalepsy O +induced O +by O +dopamine B-Chemical +antagonists O +has O +been O +tested O +and O +the O +possible O +dopamine B-Chemical +subtypes O +involved O +in O +catalepsy O +was O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +2 O +. O + +aps B-category +Dopamine B-Chemical +antagonist O +fluphenazine B-Chemical +, O +D O +- O +1 O +antagonist O +SCH B-Chemical +23390 I-Chemical +or O +D O +- O +2 O +antagonist O +sulpiride B-Chemical +induced O +catalepsy O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Recent O +development O +of O +vaccine O +for O +prevention O +is O +reported O +to O +be O +successful O +in O +reducing O +the O +size O +of O +chronically O +infected O +carriers O +, O +although O +the O +standard O +medical O +therapies O +have O +not O +been O +established O +up O +to O +now O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +report O +, O +we O +encountered O +a O +patient O +with O +decompensated O +HBV O +- O +related O +cirrhosis O +who O +exhibited O +the O +dramatic O +improvements O +after O +antiviral O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +was O +a O +50 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +. O + +aps B-category +Previous O +conventional O +medical O +treatments O +were O +not O +effective O +for O +this O +patient O +, O +thus O +this O +patient O +had O +been O +referred O +to O +our O +hospital O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Prenatal O +exposure O +to O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +induces O +fetal O +pulmonary O +hypertension O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +RATIONALE O +: O +Fluoxetine B-Chemical +is O +a O +selective O +serotonin B-Chemical +reuptake O +inhibitor O +antidepressant O +widely O +used O +by O +pregnant O +women O +. O + +aps B-category +Epidemiological O +data O +suggest O +that O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +exposure O +prenatally O +increases O +the O +prevalence O +of O +persistent O +pulmonary O +hypertension O +syndrome O +of O +the O +newborn O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mechanism O +responsible O +for O +this O +effect O +is O +unclear O +and O +paradoxical O +, O +considering O +the O +current O +evidence O +of O +a O +pulmonary O +hypertension O +protective O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +effect O +in O +adult O +rodents O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVES O +: O +To O +evaluate O +the O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +effect O +on O +fetal O +rat O +pulmonary O +vascular O +smooth O +muscle O +mechanical O +properties O +and O +cell O +proliferation O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Pregnant O +rats O +were O +treated O +with O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +from O +Day O +11 O +through O +Day O +21 O +of O +gestation O +. O + +aps B-category +MEASUREMENTS O +AND O +MAIN O +RESULTS O +: O +Fetuses O +were O +delivered O +by O +cesarean O +section O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +compared O +with O +controls O +, O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +exposure O +resulted O +in O +fetal O +pulmonary O +hypertension O +as O +evidenced O +by O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +weight O +ratio O +of O +the O +right O +ventricle O +to O +the O +left O +ventricle O +plus O +septum O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +02 O +) O +and O +by O +an O +increase O +in O +pulmonary O +arterial O +medial O +thickness O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Postnatal O +mortality O +was O +increased O +among O +experimental O +animals O +, O +and O +arterial O +oxygen B-Chemical +saturation O +was O +96 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +% O +in O +1 O +- O +day O +- O +old O +control O +animals O +and O +significantly O +lower O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +in O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +- O +exposed O +pups O +( O +79 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +vitro O +, O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +induced O +pulmonary O +arterial O +muscle O +contraction O +in O +fetal O +, O +but O +not O +adult O +, O +animals O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +and O +reduced O +serotonin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +contraction O +at O +both O +ages O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +in O +utero O +exposure O +to O +a O +low O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +concentration O +the O +pulmonary O +arterial O +smooth O +muscle O +cell O +proliferation O +rate O +was O +significantly O +increased O +in O +fetal O +, O +but O +not O +adult O +, O +cells O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +In O +contrast O +to O +the O +adult O +, O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +exposure O +in O +utero O +induces O +pulmonary O +hypertension O +in O +the O +fetal O +rat O +as O +a O +result O +of O +a O +developmentally O +regulated O +increase O +in O +pulmonary O +vascular O +smooth O +muscle O +proliferation O +. O + +aps B-category +Disulfiram B-Chemical +- O +induced O +transient O +optic O +and O +peripheral O +neuropathy O +: O +a O +case O +report O +. O + +aps B-category +AIM O +: O +To O +report O +a O +case O +of O +optic O +and O +peripheral O +neuropathy O +after O +chronic O +use O +of O +disulfiram B-Chemical +for O +alcohol O +dependence O +management O +. O + +aps B-category +MATERIALS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +A O +case O +report O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +A O +57 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +male O +presented O +with O +gradual O +loss O +of O +vision O +in O +both O +eyes O +with O +intermittent O +headaches O +for O +2 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +He O +also O +complained O +of O +paraesthesia O +with O +numbness O +in O +both O +feet O +. O + +aps B-category +His O +vision O +was O +6 O +/ O +15 O +and O +2 O +/ O +60 O +in O +the O +right O +and O +left O +eyes O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Fundoscopy O +revealed O +bilaterally O +swollen O +optic O +nerve O +heads O +. O + +aps B-category +Visual O +field O +testing O +confirmed O +bilateral O +central O +- O +caecal O +scotomata O +. O + +aps B-category +He O +had O +been O +taking O +disulfiram B-Chemical +for O +alcohol O +dependence O +for O +the O +preceding O +3 O +years O +. O + +aps B-category +Disulfiram B-Chemical +discontinuation O +lead O +to O +an O +immediate O +symptomatic O +improvement O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Physicians O +initiating O +long O +- O +term O +disulfiram B-Chemical +therapy O +should O +be O +aware O +of O +these O +adverse O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +should O +recommend O +annual O +ophthalmic O +reviews O +with O +visual O +field O +testing O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +should O +be O +reassured O +with O +respect O +to O +the O +reversibility O +of O +these O +adverse O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Intraocular O +pressure O +in O +patients O +with O +uveitis O +treated O +with O +fluocinolone B-Chemical +acetonide I-Chemical +implants O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +report O +the O +incidence O +and O +management O +of O +elevated O +intraocular O +pressure O +( O +IOP O +) O +in O +patients O +with O +uveitis O +treated O +with O +the O +fluocinolone B-Chemical +acetonide I-Chemical +( O +FA B-Chemical +) O +intravitreal O +implant O +. O + +aps B-category +DESIGN O +: O +Pooled O +data O +from O +3 O +multicenter O +, O +double O +- O +masked O +, O +randomized O +, O +controlled O +, O +phase O +2b O +/ O +3 O +clinical O +trials O +evaluating O +the O +safety O +and O +efficacy O +of O +the O +0 O +. O +59 O +- O +mg O +or O +2 O +. O +1 O +- O +mg O +FA B-Chemical +intravitreal O +implant O +or O +standard O +therapy O +were O +analyzed O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +During O +the O +3 O +- O +year O +follow O +- O +up O +, O +71 O +. O +0 O +% O +of O +implanted O +eyes O +had O +an O +IOP O +increase O +of O +10 O +mm O +Hg O +or O +more O +than O +baseline O +and O +55 O +. O +1 O +% O +, O +24 O +. O +7 O +% O +, O +and O +6 O +. O +2 O +% O +of O +eyes O +reached O +an O +IOP O +of O +30 O +mm O +Hg O +or O +more O +, O +40 O +mm O +Hg O +or O +more O +, O +and O +50 O +mm O +Hg O +or O +more O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Topical O +IOP O +- O +lowering O +medication O +was O +administered O +in O +74 O +. O +8 O +% O +of O +implanted O +eyes O +, O +and O +IOP O +- O +lowering O +surgeries O +, O +most O +of O +which O +were O +trabeculectomies O +( O +76 O +. O +2 O +% O +) O +, O +were O +performed O +on O +36 O +. O +6 O +% O +of O +implanted O +eyes O +. O + +aps B-category +Intraocular O +pressure O +- O +lowering O +surgeries O +were O +considered O +a O +success O +( O +postoperative O +IOP O +of O +6 O +- O +21 O +mm O +Hg O +with O +or O +without O +additional O +IOP O +- O +lowering O +medication O +) O +in O +85 O +. O +1 O +% O +of O +eyes O +at O +1 O +year O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +hypotony O +( O +IOP O +< O +/ O += O +5 O +mm O +Hg O +) O +following O +IOP O +- O +lowering O +surgery O +( O +42 O +. O +5 O +% O +) O +was O +not O +different O +from O +that O +of O +implanted O +eyes O +not O +subjected O +to O +surgery O +( O +35 O +. O +4 O +% O +) O +( O +P O += O +. O +09 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Elevated O +IOP O +is O +a O +significant O +complication O +with O +the O +FA O +intravitreal O +implant O +but O +may O +be O +controlled O +with O +medication O +and O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +Myocardial O +Fas O +ligand O +expression O +increases O +susceptibility O +to O +AZT B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiomyopathy O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Dilated O +cardiomyopathy O +( O +DCM O +) O +and O +myocarditis O +occur O +in O +many O +HIV O +- O +infected O +individuals O +, O +resulting O +in O +symptomatic O +heart O +failure O +in O +up O +to O +5 O +% O +of O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Highly O +active O +antiretroviral O +therapy O +( O +HAART O +) O +has O +significantly O +reduced O +morbidity O +and O +mortality O +of O +acquired O +immunodeficiency O +syndrome O +( O +AIDS O +) O +, O +but O +has O +resulted O +in O +an O +increase O +in O +cardiac O +and O +skeletal O +myopathies O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +AND O +RESULTS O +: O +In O +order O +to O +investigate O +whether O +the O +HAART O +component O +zidovudine B-Chemical +( O +3 B-Chemical +' I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +azido I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +' I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +' I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deoxythymidine I-Chemical +; O +AZT B-Chemical +) O +triggers O +the O +Fas O +- O +dependent O +cell O +- O +death O +pathway O +and O +cause O +cytoskeletal O +disruption O +in O +a O +murine O +model O +of O +DCM O +, O +8 O +- O +week O +- O +old O +transgenic O +( O +expressing O +Fas O +ligand O +in O +the O +myocardium O +: O +FasL O +Tg O +) O +and O +non O +- O +transgenic O +( O +NTg O +) O +mice O +received O +water O +ad O +libitum O +containing O +different O +concentrations O +of O +AZT B-Chemical +( O +0 O +, O +0 O +. O +07 O +, O +0 O +. O +2 O +, O +and O +0 O +. O +7 O +mg O +/ O +ml O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +6 O +weeks O +, O +cardiac O +function O +was O +assessed O +by O +echocardiography O +and O +morphology O +was O +assessed O +by O +histopathologic O +and O +immunohistochemical O +methods O +. O + +aps B-category +NTg O +and O +untreated O +FasL O +Tg O +mice O +showed O +little O +or O +no O +change O +in O +cardiac O +structure O +or O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast O +, O +AZT B-Chemical +- O +treated O +FasL O +Tg O +mice O +developed O +cardiac O +dilation O +and O +depressed O +cardiac O +function O +in O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +manner O +, O +with O +concomitant O +inflammatory O +infiltration O +of O +both O +ventricles O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +changes O +were O +associated O +with O +an O +increased O +sarcolemmal O +expression O +of O +Fas O +and O +FasL O +, O +as O +well O +as O +increased O +activation O +of O +caspase O +3 O +, O +translocation O +of O +calpain O +1 O +to O +the O +sarcolemma O +and O +sarcomere O +, O +and O +increased O +numbers O +of O +cells O +undergoing O +apoptosis O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +were O +associated O +with O +changes O +in O +dystrophin O +and O +cardiac O +troponin O +I O +localization O +, O +as O +well O +as O +loss O +of O +sarcolemmal O +integrity O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +The O +expression O +of O +Fas O +ligand O +in O +the O +myocardium O +, O +as O +identified O +in O +HIV O +- O +positive O +patients O +, O +might O +increase O +the O +susceptibility O +to O +HAART O +- O +induced O +cardiomyopathy O +due O +to O +activation O +of O +apoptotic O +pathways O +, O +resulting O +in O +cardiac O +dilation O +and O +dysfunction O +. O + +aps B-category +Gastrointestinal O +tolerability O +of O +etoricoxib B-Chemical +in O +rheumatoid O +arthritis O +patients O +: O +results O +of O +the O +etoricoxib B-Chemical +vs O +diclofenac B-Chemical +sodium I-Chemical +gastrointestinal O +tolerability O +and O +effectiveness O +trial O +( O +EDGE O +- O +II O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +A O +randomised O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +study O +to O +compare O +the O +gastrointestinal O +( O +GI O +) O +tolerability O +, O +safety O +and O +efficacy O +of O +etoricoxib B-Chemical +and O +diclofenac B-Chemical +in O +patients O +with O +rheumatoid O +arthritis O +( O +RA O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +PATIENTS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +A O +total O +of O +4086 O +patients O +( O +mean O +age O +60 O +. O +8 O +years O +) O +diagnosed O +with O +RA O +were O +enrolled O +and O +received O +etoricoxib B-Chemical +90 O +mg O +daily O +( O +n O += O +2032 O +) O +or O +diclofenac B-Chemical +75 O +mg O +twice O +daily O +( O +n O += O +2054 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Use O +of O +gastroprotective O +agents O +and O +low O +- O +dose O +aspirin B-Chemical +was O +allowed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +prespecified O +primary O +end O +point O +consisted O +of O +the O +cumulative O +rate O +of O +patient O +discontinuations O +due O +to O +clinical O +and O +laboratory O +GI O +adverse O +experiences O +( O +AEs O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +General O +safety O +was O +also O +assessed O +, O +including O +adjudicated O +thrombotic O +cardiovascular O +event O +data O +. O + +aps B-category +Efficacy O +was O +evaluated O +using O +the O +Patient O +Global O +Assessment O +of O +Disease O +Status O +( O +PGADS O +; O +0 O +- O +4 O +point O +scale O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Mean O +( O +SD O +; O +maximum O +) O +duration O +of O +treatment O +was O +19 O +. O +3 O +( O +10 O +. O +3 O +; O +32 O +. O +9 O +) O +and O +19 O +. O +1 O +( O +10 O +. O +4 O +; O +33 O +. O +1 O +) O +months O +in O +the O +etoricoxib B-Chemical +and O +diclofenac B-Chemical +groups O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cumulative O +discontinuation O +rate O +due O +to O +GI O +AEs O +was O +significantly O +lower O +with O +etoricoxib B-Chemical +than O +diclofenac B-Chemical +( O +5 O +. O +2 O +vs O +8 O +. O +5 O +events O +per O +100 O +patient O +- O +years O +, O +respectively O +; O +hazard O +ratio O +0 O +. O +62 O +( O +95 O +% O +CI O +: O +0 O +. O +47 O +, O +0 O +. O +81 O +; O +p O +< O +or O += O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +discontinuations O +for O +hypertension O +- O +related O +and O +oedema O +- O +related O +AEs O +were O +significantly O +higher O +with O +etoricoxib B-Chemical +( O +2 O +. O +5 O +% O +and O +1 O +. O +1 O +% O +respectively O +) O +compared O +with O +diclofenac B-Chemical +( O +1 O +. O +5 O +% O +and O +0 O +. O +4 O +% O +respectively O +; O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +for O +hypertension O +and O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +for O +oedema O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Etoricoxib B-Chemical +and O +diclofenac B-Chemical +treatment O +resulted O +in O +similar O +efficacy O +( O +PGADS O +mean O +changes O +from O +baseline O +- O +0 O +. O +62 O +vs O +- O +0 O +. O +58 O +, O +respectively O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Etoricoxib B-Chemical +90 O +mg O +demonstrated O +a O +significantly O +lower O +risk O +for O +discontinuing O +treatment O +due O +to O +GI O +AEs O +compared O +with O +diclofenac B-Chemical +150 O +mg O +. O + +aps B-category +Discontinuations O +from O +renovascular O +AEs O +, O +although O +less O +common O +than O +discontinuations O +from O +GI O +AEs O +, O +were O +significantly O +higher O +with O +etoricoxib B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Anxiogenic O +potential O +of O +ciprofloxacin B-Chemical +and O +norfloxacin B-Chemical +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +INTRODUCTION O +: O +The O +possible O +anxiogenic O +effects O +of O +fluoroquinolones B-Chemical +, O +namely O +ciprofloxacin B-Chemical +and O +norfloxacin B-Chemical +, O +were O +investigated O +in O +adult O +Charles O +Foster O +albino O +rats O +of O +either O +sex O +, O +weighing O +150 O +- O +200 O +g O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +The O +drugs O +were O +given O +orally O +, O +in O +doses O +of O +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +for O +five O +consecutive O +days O +and O +the O +experiments O +were O +performed O +on O +the O +fifth O +day O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +tests O +included O +open O +- O +field O +exploratory O +behaviour O +, O +elevated O +plus O +maze O +and O +elevated O +zero O +maze O +, O +social O +interaction O +and O +novelty O +- O +suppressed O +feeding O +latency O +behaviour O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +results O +indicate O +that O +ciprofloxacin B-Chemical +- O +and O +norfloxacin B-Chemical +- O +treated O +rats O +showed O +anxious O +behaviour O +in O +comparison O +to O +control O +rats O +in O +all O +the O +parameters O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +ciprofloxacin B-Chemical +- O +and O +norfloxacin B-Chemical +- O +treated O +rats O +did O +not O +differ O +significantly O +from O +each O +other O +in O +various O +behavioural O +parameters O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +The O +present O +experimental O +findings O +substantiate O +the O +clinically O +observed O +anxiogenic O +potential O +of O +ciprofloxacin B-Chemical +and O +norfloxacin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Reduction O +of O +pain O +during O +induction O +with O +target O +- O +controlled O +propofol B-Chemical +and O +remifentanil B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Pain O +on O +injection O +of O +propofol B-Chemical +is O +unpleasant O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +hypothesized O +that O +propofol B-Chemical +infusion O +pain O +might O +be O +prevented O +by O +infusing O +remifentanil B-Chemical +before O +starting O +the O +propofol B-Chemical +infusion O +in O +a O +clinical O +setting O +where O +target O +- O +controlled O +infusions O +( O +TCI O +) O +of O +both O +drugs O +were O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +prospective O +, O +randomized O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +, O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +trial O +was O +performed O +to O +determine O +the O +effect O +- O +site O +concentration O +( O +Ce O +) O +of O +remifentanil B-Chemical +to O +prevent O +the O +pain O +without O +producing O +complications O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +A O +total O +of O +128 O +patients O +undergoing O +general O +surgery O +were O +randomly O +allocated O +to O +receive O +normal O +saline O +( O +control O +) O +or O +remifentanil B-Chemical +to O +a O +target O +Ce O +of O +2 O +ng O +ml O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +( O +R2 O +) O +, O +4 O +ng O +ml O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +( O +R4 O +) O +, O +or O +6 O +ng O +ml O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +( O +R6 O +) O +administered O +via O +TCI O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +the O +target O +Ce O +was O +achieved O +, O +the O +infusion O +of O +propofol B-Chemical +was O +started O +. O + +aps B-category +Remifentanil B-Chemical +- O +related O +complications O +were O +assessed O +during O +the O +remifentanil B-Chemical +infusion O +, O +and O +pain O +caused O +by O +propofol B-Chemical +was O +evaluated O +using O +a O +four O +- O +point O +scale O +during O +the O +propofol B-Chemical +infusion O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +incidence O +of O +pain O +was O +significantly O +lower O +in O +Groups O +R4 O +and O +R6 O +than O +in O +the O +control O +and O +R2 O +groups O +( O +12 O +/ O +32 O +and O +6 O +/ O +31 O +vs O +26 O +/ O +31 O +and O +25 O +/ O +32 O +, O +respectively O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Pain O +was O +less O +severe O +in O +Groups O +R4 O +and O +R6 O +than O +in O +the O +control O +and O +R2 O +groups O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +both O +incidence O +and O +severity O +of O +pain O +were O +not O +different O +between O +Groups O +R4 O +and O +R6 O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +significant O +complications O +were O +observed O +during O +the O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +During O +induction O +of O +anaesthesia O +with O +TCI O +of O +propofol B-Chemical +and O +remifentanil B-Chemical +, O +a O +significant O +reduction O +in O +propofol B-Chemical +infusion O +pain O +was O +achieved O +without O +significant O +complications O +by O +prior O +administration O +of O +remifentanil B-Chemical +at O +a O +target O +Ce O +of O +4 O +ng O +ml O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Dexmedetomidine B-Chemical +and O +cardiac O +protection O +for O +non O +- O +cardiac O +surgery O +: O +a O +meta O +- O +analysis O +of O +randomised O +controlled O +trials O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conducted O +a O +systematic O +review O +of O +the O +effects O +of O +dexmedetomidine B-Chemical +on O +cardiac O +outcomes O +following O +non O +- O +cardiac O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +included O +prospective O +, O +randomised O +peri O +- O +operative O +studies O +of O +dexmedetomidine B-Chemical +that O +reported O +mortality O +, O +cardiac O +morbidity O +or O +adverse O +drug O +events O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +PubMed O +Central O +and O +EMBASE O +search O +was O +conducted O +up O +to O +July O +2007 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reference O +lists O +of O +identified O +papers O +were O +examined O +for O +further O +trials O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +425 O +studies O +identified O +, O +20 O +were O +included O +in O +the O +meta O +- O +analysis O +( O +840 O +patients O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Dexmedetomidine B-Chemical +was O +associated O +with O +a O +trend O +towards O +improved O +cardiac O +outcomes O +; O +all O +- O +cause O +mortality O +( O +OR O +0 O +. O +27 O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +0 O +. O +01 O +- O +7 O +. O +13 O +, O +p O += O +0 O +. O +44 O +) O +, O +non O +- O +fatal O +myocardial O +infarction O +( O +OR O +0 O +. O +26 O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +0 O +. O +04 O +- O +1 O +. O +60 O +, O +p O += O +0 O +. O +14 O +) O +, O +and O +myocardial O +ischaemia O +( O +OR O +0 O +. O +65 O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +0 O +. O +26 O +- O +1 O +. O +63 O +, O +p O += O +0 O +. O +36 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Peri O +- O +operative O +hypotension O +( O +26 O +% O +, O +OR O +3 O +. O +80 O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +1 O +. O +91 O +- O +7 O +. O +54 O +, O +p O += O +0 O +. O +0001 O +) O +and O +bradycardia O +( O +17 O +% O +, O +OR O +5 O +. O +45 O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +2 O +. O +98 O +- O +9 O +. O +95 O +, O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +00001 O +) O +were O +significantly O +increased O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +anticholinergic O +did O +not O +reduce O +the O +incidence O +of O +bradycardia O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +43 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +randomised O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +trial O +of O +dexmedetomidine B-Chemical +is O +warranted O +. O + +aps B-category +Myocardial O +infarction O +in O +pregnancy O +associated O +with O +clomiphene B-Chemical +citrate I-Chemical +for O +ovulation O +induction O +: O +a O +case O +report O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Clomiphene B-Chemical +citrate I-Chemical +( O +CC B-Chemical +) O +is O +commonly O +prescribed O +for O +ovulation O +induction O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +considered O +safe O +, O +with O +minimal O +side O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Thromboembolism O +is O +a O +rare O +but O +life O +- O +threatening O +complication O +that O +has O +been O +reported O +after O +ovulation O +induction O +with O +CC B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Spontaneous O +coronary O +thrombosis O +or O +thromboembolism O +with O +subsequent O +clot O +lysis O +has O +been O +suggested O +as O +one O +of O +the O +most O +common O +causes O +of O +myocardial O +infarction O +( O +MI O +) O +during O +pregnancy O +, O +with O +a O +subsequently O +normal O +coronary O +angiogram O +. O + +aps B-category +CASE O +: O +A O +33 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +with O +a O +5 O +- O +week O +gestation O +had O +recently O +received O +CC B-Chemical +for O +ovulation O +induction O +and O +presented O +with O +chest O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +electrocardiogram O +showed O +a O +lateral O +and O +anterior O +wall O +myocardial O +infarction O +. O + +aps B-category +Cardiac O +enzymes O +showed O +a O +peak O +rise O +in O +troponin O +I O +to O +9 O +. O +10 O +ng O +/ O +mL O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +initial O +exercise O +stress O +test O +was O +normal O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +the O +time O +of O +admission O +, O +the O +patient O +was O +at O +high O +risk O +of O +radiation O +injury O +to O +the O +fetus O +, O +so O +a O +coronary O +angiogram O +was O +postponed O +until O +the O +second O +trimester O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +showed O +normal O +coronary O +vessels O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +This O +appears O +to O +be O +the O +first O +reported O +case O +documenting O +a O +possible O +association O +between O +CC B-Chemical +and O +myocardial O +infarction O +. O + +aps B-category +Thrombosis O +might O +be O +a O +rare O +but O +hazardous O +complication O +of O +CC B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Given O +this O +life O +- O +threatening O +complication O +, O +appropriate O +prophylactic O +measures O +should O +be O +used O +in O +high O +- O +risk O +woman O +undergoing O +ovarian O +stimulation O +. O + +aps B-category +Reverse O +or O +inverted O +left O +ventricular O +apical O +ballooning O +syndrome O +( O +reverse O +Takotsubo O +cardiomyopathy O +) O +in O +a O +young O +woman O +in O +the O +setting O +of O +amphetamine B-Chemical +use O +. O + +aps B-category +Transient O +left O +ventricular O +apical O +ballooning O +syndrome O +was O +first O +described O +in O +Japan O +as O +" O +Takotsubo O +cardiomyopathy O +. O +" O +This O +syndrome O +has O +been O +identified O +in O +many O +other O +countries O +. O + +aps B-category +Many O +variations O +of O +this O +syndrome O +have O +been O +recently O +described O +in O +the O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +of O +the O +rarest O +is O +the O +reverse O +type O +of O +this O +syndrome O +, O +with O +hyperdynamic O +apex O +and O +complete O +akinesia O +of O +the O +base O +( O +as O +opposed O +to O +the O +classic O +apical O +ballooning O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +article O +, O +we O +report O +an O +interesting O +case O +of O +a O +young O +woman O +who O +presented O +with O +this O +rare O +type O +of O +reverse O +apical O +ballooning O +syndrome O +occurring O +after O +amphetamine B-Chemical +use O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +report O +is O +followed O +by O +review O +of O +the O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +Results O +of O +a O +comparative O +, O +phase O +III O +, O +12 O +- O +week O +, O +multicenter O +, O +prospective O +, O +randomized O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +assessment O +of O +the O +efficacy O +and O +tolerability O +of O +a O +fixed O +- O +dose O +combination O +of O +telmisartan B-Chemical +and O +amlodipine B-Chemical +versus O +amlodipine B-Chemical +monotherapy O +in O +Indian O +adults O +with O +stage O +II O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +The O +aim O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +evaluate O +the O +efficacy O +and O +tolerability O +of O +a O +new O +fixed O +- O +dose O +combination O +( O +FDC O +) O +of O +telmisartan B-Chemical +40 O +mg O ++ O +amlodipine B-Chemical +5 O +mg O +( O +T O ++ O +A O +) O +compared O +with O +amlodipine B-Chemical +5 O +- O +mg O +monotherapy O +( O +A O +) O +in O +adult O +Indian O +patients O +with O +stage O +II O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +This O +comparative O +, O +Phase O +III O +, O +12 O +- O +week O +, O +multicenter O +, O +prospective O +, O +randomized O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +study O +was O +conducted O +in O +Indian O +patients O +aged O +18 O +to O +65 O +years O +with O +established O +stage O +II O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +were O +treated O +with O +oral O +FDC O +of O +T O ++ O +A O +or O +A O +QD O +before O +breakfast O +for O +12 O +weeks O +; O +blood O +pressure O +( O +BP O +) O +and O +heart O +rate O +were O +measured O +in O +the O +sitting O +position O +. O + +aps B-category +Primary O +efficacy O +end O +points O +were O +reduction O +in O +clinical O +systolic O +BP O +( O +SBP O +) O +/ O +diastolic O +BP O +( O +DBP O +) O +from O +baseline O +to O +study O +end O +and O +number O +of O +responders O +( O +ie O +, O +patients O +who O +achieved O +target O +SBP O +/ O +DBP O +< O +130 O +/ O +< O +80 O +mm O +Hg O +) O +at O +end O +of O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +Tolerability O +was O +assessed O +by O +treatment O +- O +emergent O +adverse O +events O +, O +identified O +using O +physical O +examination O +, O +laboratory O +analysis O +, O +and O +electrocardiography O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +A O +total O +of O +210 O +patients O +were O +enrolled O +in O +the O +study O +; O +203 O +patients O +( O +143 O +men O +, O +60 O +women O +) O +completed O +the O +study O +while O +7 O +were O +lost O +to O +follow O +- O +up O +( O +4 O +patients O +in O +the O +T O ++ O +A O +group O +and O +3 O +in O +the O +A O +group O +) O +and O +considered O +with O +- O +drawn O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +study O +end O +, O +statistically O +significant O +percentage O +reductions O +from O +baseline O +within O +groups O +and O +between O +groups O +were O +observed O +in O +SBP O +( O +T O ++ O +A O +[ O +- O +27 O +. O +4 O +% O +] O +; O +A O +[ O +- O +16 O +. O +6 O +% O +] O +) O +and O +DBP O +( O +T O ++ O +A O +[ O +- O +20 O +. O +1 O +% O +] O +; O +A O +[ O +- O +13 O +. O +3 O +% O +] O +) O +( O +all O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Response O +rates O +were O +87 O +. O +3 O +% O +( O +89 O +/ O +102 O +) O +in O +the O +T O ++ O +A O +group O +and O +69 O +. O +3 O +% O +( O +70 O +/ O +101 O +) O +in O +the O +A O +group O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +prevalences O +of O +adverse O +events O +were O +not O +significantly O +different O +between O +the O +2 O +treatment O +groups O +( O +T O ++ O +A O +, O +16 O +. O +0 O +% O +[ O +17 O +/ O +106 O +] O +; O +A O +, O +15 O +. O +4 O +% O +[ O +16 O +/ O +104 O +] O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Peripheral O +edema O +was O +reported O +in O +8 O +. O +5 O +% O +patients O +( O +9 O +/ O +106 O +) O +in O +the O +T O ++ O +A O +group O +compared O +with O +13 O +. O +5 O +% O +( O +14 O +/ O +104 O +) O +in O +the O +A O +group O +, O +and O +cough O +was O +reported O +in O +3 O +. O +8 O +% O +patients O +( O +4 O +/ O +106 O +) O +in O +the O +T O ++ O +A O +group O +and O +1 O +. O +0 O +% O +( O +1 O +/ O +104 O +) O +patients O +in O +the O +A O +group O +; O +these O +differences O +did O +not O +reach O +statistical O +significance O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidences O +of O +headache O +, O +dizziness O +, O +and O +diarrhea O +were O +similar O +between O +the O +2 O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Among O +these O +Indian O +patients O +with O +stage O +II O +hypertension O +, O +the O +FDC O +of O +T O ++ O +A O +was O +found O +to O +be O +significantly O +more O +effective O +, O +with O +regard O +to O +BP O +reductions O +, O +than O +A O +, O +and O +both O +treatments O +were O +well O +tolerated O +. O + +aps B-category +Increased O +mental O +slowing O +associated O +with O +the O +APOE O +epsilon4 O +allele O +after O +trihexyphenidyl B-Chemical +oral O +anticholinergic O +challenge O +in O +healthy O +elderly O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Pulse O +power O +analysis O +( O +also O +called O +" O +pulse O +contour O +analysis O +" O +) O +of O +an O +arterial O +pressure O +wave O +form O +allows O +continuous O +evaluation O +of O +systemic O +vascular O +resistance O +and O +cardiac O +output O +in O +real O +time O +, O +thereby O +elucidating O +the O +causative O +factors O +behind O +changes O +in O +blood O +pressure O +. O + +aps B-category +Pulse O +power O +analysis O +was O +conducted O +in O +six O +cases O +of O +cesarean O +delivery O +performed O +under O +neuraxial O +anesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +Hypotension O +in O +response O +to O +oxytocin B-Chemical +was O +associated O +with O +a O +decrease O +in O +systemic O +vascular O +resistance O +and O +a O +compensatory O +increase O +in O +stroke O +volume O +, O +heart O +rate O +and O +cardiac O +output O +. O + +aps B-category +Pulse O +power O +analysis O +may O +be O +helpful O +in O +determining O +the O +etiology O +of O +and O +treating O +hypotension O +during O +cesarean O +delivery O +under O +neuraxial O +anesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +Protective O +effects O +of O +antithrombin O +on O +puromycin B-Chemical +aminonucleoside I-Chemical +nephrosis O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +investigated O +the O +effects O +of O +antithrombin O +, O +a O +plasma O +inhibitor O +of O +coagulation O +factors O +, O +in O +rats O +with O +puromycin B-Chemical +aminonucleoside I-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephrosis O +, O +which O +is O +an O +experimental O +model O +of O +human O +nephrotic O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +Antithrombin O +( O +50 O +or O +500 O +IU O +/ O +kg O +/ O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O +was O +administered O +to O +rats O +once O +a O +day O +for O +10 O +days O +immediately O +after O +the O +injection O +of O +puromycin B-Chemical +aminonucleoside I-Chemical +( O +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +/ O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +with O +antithrombin O +attenuated O +the O +puromycin B-Chemical +aminonucleoside I-Chemical +- O +induced O +hematological O +abnormalities O +. O + +aps B-category +Puromycin B-Chemical +aminonucleoside I-Chemical +- O +induced O +renal O +dysfunction O +and O +hyperlipidemia O +were O +also O +suppressed O +. O + +aps B-category +Histopathological O +examination O +revealed O +severe O +renal O +damage O +such O +as O +proteinaceous O +casts O +in O +tubuli O +and O +tubular O +expansion O +in O +the O +kidney O +of O +control O +rats O +, O +while O +an O +improvement O +of O +the O +damage O +was O +seen O +in O +antithrombin O +- O +treated O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +antithrombin O +treatment O +markedly O +suppressed O +puromycin B-Chemical +aminonucleoside I-Chemical +- O +induced O +apoptosis O +of O +renal O +tubular O +epithelial O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +puromycin B-Chemical +aminonucleoside I-Chemical +- O +induced O +increases O +in O +renal O +cytokine O +content O +were O +also O +decreased O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +suggest O +that O +thrombin O +plays O +an O +important O +role O +in O +the O +pathogenesis O +of O +puromycin B-Chemical +aminonucleoside I-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephrotic O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +with O +antithrombin O +may O +be O +clinically O +effective O +in O +patients O +with O +nephrotic O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +Heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thrombocytopenia O +after O +liver O +transplantation O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Unfractionated B-Chemical +heparin I-Chemical +sodium I-Chemical +( O +UFH B-Chemical +) O +or O +low B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +molecular I-Chemical +weight I-Chemical +heparin I-Chemical +( O +LMWH O +) O +is O +used O +in O +anticoagulant O +protocols O +at O +several O +institutions O +to O +prevent O +thrombosis O +after O +liver O +transplantation O +. O + +aps B-category +Heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thrombocytopenia O +( O +HIT O +) O +is O +an O +adverse O +immune O +- O +mediated O +reaction O +to O +heparin B-Chemical +, O +resulting O +in O +platelet O +count O +decreases O +of O +more O +than O +50 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +frequencies O +of O +HIT O +after O +liver O +transplantation O +and O +platelet O +factor O +4 O +/ O +heparin B-Chemical +- O +reactive O +antibody O +( O +HIT O +antibody O +) O +positivity O +in O +liver O +transplantation O +patients O +, O +however O +, O +are O +unknown O +. O + +aps B-category +PATIENTS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +The O +32 O +men O +and O +20 O +women O +underwent O +living O +donor O +liver O +transplantation O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +started O +LMWH O +( O +25 O +IU O +/ O +kg O +/ O +h O +) O +on O +postoperative O +day O +( O +POD O +) O +1 O +, O +switching O +to O +UFH B-Chemical +( O +5000 O +U O +/ O +d O +) O +on O +POD O +2 O +or O +3 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dose O +of O +UFH B-Chemical +was O +changed O +according O +to O +the O +activated O +clotting O +time O +level O +. O + +aps B-category +HIT O +antibody O +levels O +were O +measured O +the O +day O +before O +surgery O +and O +on O +POD O +7 O +and O +14 O +. O + +aps B-category +Platelet O +count O +was O +measured O +daily O +for O +3 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +average O +platelet O +counts O +preoperatively O +, O +and O +on O +POD O +7 O +, O +14 O +, O +and O +21 O +were O +65 O +, O +88 O +, O +149 O +, O +and O +169 O +x O +10 O +( O +9 O +) O +/ O +L O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +patients O +developed O +hepatic O +artery O +thrombosis O +on O +POD O +11 O +and O +19 O +, O +respectively O +, O +although O +they O +were O +HIT O +antibody O +- O +negative O +and O +their O +platelet O +counts O +were O +stable O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +2 O +other O +patients O +, O +the O +platelet O +count O +decreased O +suddenly O +from O +107 O +x O +10 O +( O +9 O +) O +/ O +L O +on O +POD O +4 O +to O +65 O +x O +10 O +( O +9 O +) O +/ O +L O +on O +POD O +6 O +and O +from O +76 O +x O +10 O +( O +9 O +) O +/ O +L O +on O +POD O +7 O +to O +33 O +x O +10 O +( O +9 O +) O +/ O +L O +on O +POD O +9 O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +platelet O +aggregation O +test O +was O +negative O +in O +these O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +percentage O +of O +HIT O +antibody O +- O +positive O +patients O +was O +0 O +. O +5 O +% O +preoperatively O +, O +5 O +. O +6 O +% O +on O +POD O +7 O +, O +and O +5 O +. O +6 O +% O +on O +POD O +14 O +. O + +aps B-category +None O +of O +the O +subjects O +/ O +patients O +developed O +UFH B-Chemical +- O +related O +HIT O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +In O +our O +series O +, O +the O +occurrence O +of O +HIT O +after O +liver O +transplantation O +was O +uncommon O +. O + +aps B-category +Doxorubicin B-Chemical +cardiomyopathy O +- O +induced O +inflammation O +and O +apoptosis O +are O +attenuated O +by O +gene O +deletion O +of O +the O +kinin O +B1 O +receptor O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +use O +of O +the O +anthracycline B-Chemical +doxorubicin B-Chemical +( O +DOX B-Chemical +) O +is O +limited O +by O +its O +cardiotoxic O +effects O +, O +which O +are O +attributed O +to O +the O +induction O +of O +apoptosis O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +elucidate O +the O +possible O +role O +of O +the O +kinin O +B1 O +receptor O +( O +B1R O +) O +during O +the O +development O +of O +DOX B-Chemical +cardiomyopathy O +, O +we O +studied O +B1R O +knockout O +mice O +( O +B1R O +( O +- O +/ O +- O +) O +) O +by O +investigating O +cardiac O +inflammation O +and O +apoptosis O +after O +induction O +of O +DOX B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiomyopathy O +. O + +aps B-category +DOX B-Chemical +control O +mice O +showed O +cardiac O +dysfunction O +measured O +by O +pressure O +- O +volume O +loops O +in O +vivo O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +was O +associated O +with O +a O +reduced O +activation O +state O +of O +AKT O +, O +as O +well O +as O +an O +increased O +bax O +/ O +bcl2 O +ratio O +in O +Western O +blots O +, O +indicating O +cardiac O +apoptosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +mRNA O +levels O +of O +the O +proinflammatory O +cytokine O +interleukin O +6 O +were O +increased O +in O +the O +cardiac O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +DOX B-Chemical +B1R O +( O +- O +/ O +- O +) O +mice O +, O +cardiac O +dysfunction O +was O +improved O +compared O +to O +DOX B-Chemical +control O +mice O +, O +which O +was O +associated O +with O +normalization O +of O +the O +bax O +/ O +bcl O +- O +2 O +ratio O +and O +interleukin O +6 O +, O +as O +well O +as O +AKT O +activation O +state O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +suggest O +that O +B1R O +is O +detrimental O +in O +DOX B-Chemical +cardiomyopathy O +in O +that O +it O +mediates O +the O +inflammatory O +response O +and O +apoptosis O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +insights O +might O +have O +useful O +implications O +for O +future O +studies O +utilizing O +B1R O +antagonists O +for O +treatment O +of O +human O +DOX B-Chemical +cardiomyopathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Detailed O +spectral O +profile O +analysis O +of O +penicillin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +epileptiform O +activity O +in O +anesthetized O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Penicillin B-Chemical +model O +is O +a O +widely O +used O +experimental O +model O +for O +epilepsy O +research O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +present O +study O +we O +aimed O +to O +portray O +a O +detailed O +spectral O +analysis O +of O +penicillin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +epileptiform O +activity O +in O +comparison O +with O +basal O +brain O +activity O +in O +anesthetized O +Wistar O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Male O +Wistar O +rats O +were O +anesthetized O +with O +i O +. O +p O +. O +urethane B-Chemical +and O +connected O +to O +an O +electrocorticogram O +setup O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +a O +short O +period O +of O +basal O +activity O +recording O +, O +epileptic O +focus O +was O +induced O +by O +injecting O +400IU O +/ O +2 O +microl O +penicillin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +G I-Chemical +potassium I-Chemical +into O +the O +left O +lateral O +ventricle O +while O +the O +cortical O +activity O +was O +continuously O +recorded O +. O + +aps B-category +Basal O +activity O +, O +latent O +period O +and O +the O +penicillin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +epileptiform O +activity O +periods O +were O +then O +analyzed O +using O +both O +conventional O +methods O +and O +spectral O +analysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Spectral O +analyses O +were O +conducted O +by O +dividing O +the O +whole O +spectrum O +into O +different O +frequency O +bands O +including O +delta O +, O +theta O +( O +slow O +and O +fast O +) O +, O +alpha O +- O +sigma O +, O +beta O +( O +1 O +and O +2 O +) O +and O +gamma O +( O +1 O +and O +2 O +) O +bands O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +results O +show O +that O +the O +most O +affected O +frequency O +bands O +were O +delta O +, O +theta O +, O +beta O +- O +2 O +and O +gamma O +- O +2 O +bands O +during O +the O +epileptiform O +activity O +and O +there O +were O +marked O +differences O +in O +terms O +of O +spectral O +densities O +between O +three O +investigated O +episodes O +( O +basal O +activity O +, O +latent O +period O +and O +epileptiform O +activity O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +results O +may O +help O +to O +analyze O +novel O +data O +obtained O +using O +similar O +experimental O +models O +and O +the O +simple O +analysis O +method O +described O +here O +can O +be O +used O +in O +similar O +studies O +to O +investigate O +the O +basic O +neuronal O +mechanism O +of O +this O +or O +other O +types O +of O +experimental O +epilepsies O +. O + +aps B-category +High O +fat B-Chemical +diet O +- O +fed O +obese O +rats O +are O +highly O +sensitive O +to O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Often O +, O +chemotherapy O +by O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +( O +Adriamycin B-Chemical +) O +is O +limited O +due O +to O +life O +threatening O +cardiotoxicity O +in O +patients O +during O +and O +posttherapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Recently O +, O +we O +have O +shown O +that O +moderate O +diet O +restriction O +remarkably O +protects O +against O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +cardioprotection O +is O +accompanied O +by O +decreased O +cardiac O +oxidative O +stress O +and O +triglycerides B-Chemical +and O +increased O +cardiac O +fatty O +- O +acid O +oxidation O +, O +ATP B-Chemical +synthesis O +, O +and O +upregulated O +JAK O +/ O +STAT3 O +pathway O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +current O +study O +, O +we O +investigated O +whether O +a O +physiological O +intervention O +by O +feeding O +40 O +% O +high O +fat B-Chemical +diet O +( O +HFD O +) O +, O +which O +induces O +obesity O +in O +male O +Sprague O +- O +Dawley O +rats O +( O +250 O +- O +275 O +g O +) O +, O +sensitizes O +to O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +LD O +( O +10 O +) O +dose O +( O +8 O +mg O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +/ O +kg O +, O +ip O +) O +administered O +on O +day O +43 O +of O +the O +HFD O +feeding O +regimen O +led O +to O +higher O +cardiotoxicity O +, O +cardiac O +dysfunction O +, O +lipid O +peroxidation O +, O +and O +80 O +% O +mortality O +in O +the O +obese O +( O +OB O +) O +rats O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +any O +significant O +renal O +or O +hepatic O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Doxorubicin B-Chemical +toxicokinetics O +studies O +revealed O +no O +change O +in O +accumulation O +of O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +and O +doxorubicinol B-Chemical +( O +toxic O +metabolite O +) O +in O +the O +normal O +diet O +- O +fed O +( O +ND O +) O +and O +OB O +hearts O +. O + +aps B-category +Mechanistic O +studies O +revealed O +that O +OB O +rats O +are O +sensitized O +due O +to O +: O +( O +1 O +) O +higher O +oxyradical O +stress O +leading O +to O +upregulation O +of O +uncoupling O +proteins O +2 O +and O +3 O +, O +( O +2 O +) O +downregulation O +of O +cardiac O +peroxisome O +proliferators O +activated O +receptor O +- O +alpha O +, O +( O +3 O +) O +decreased O +plasma O +adiponectin O +levels O +, O +( O +4 O +) O +decreased O +cardiac O +fatty O +- O +acid O +oxidation O +( O +666 O +. O +9 O ++ O +/ O +- O +14 O +. O +0 O +nmol O +/ O +min O +/ O +g O +heart O +in O +ND O +versus O +400 O +. O +2 O ++ O +/ O +- O +11 O +. O +8 O +nmol O +/ O +min O +/ O +g O +heart O +in O +OB O +) O +, O +( O +5 O +) O +decreased O +mitochondrial O +AMP B-Chemical +- O +alpha2 O +protein O +kinase O +, O +and O +( O +6 O +) O +86 O +% O +drop O +in O +cardiac O +ATP B-Chemical +levels O +accompanied O +by O +decreased O +ATP B-Chemical +/ O +ADP B-Chemical +ratio O +after O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +Decreased O +cardiac O +erythropoietin O +and O +increased O +SOCS3 O +further O +downregulated O +the O +cardioprotective O +JAK O +/ O +STAT3 O +pathway O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +conclusion O +, O +HFD O +- O +induced O +obese O +rats O +are O +highly O +sensitized O +to O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiotoxicity O +by O +substantially O +downregulating O +cardiac O +mitochondrial O +ATP B-Chemical +generation O +, O +increasing O +oxidative O +stress O +and O +downregulating O +the O +JAK O +/ O +STAT3 O +pathway O +. O + +aps B-category +Isoproterenol B-Chemical +induces O +primary O +loss O +of O +dystrophin O +in O +rat O +hearts O +: O +correlation O +with O +myocardial O +injury O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mechanism O +of O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +myocardial O +damage O +is O +unknown O +, O +but O +a O +mismatch O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +supply O +vs O +. O +demand O +following O +coronary O +hypotension O +and O +myocardial O +hyperactivity O +is O +the O +best O +explanation O +for O +the O +complex O +morphological O +alterations O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +Severe O +alterations O +in O +the O +structural O +integrity O +of O +the O +sarcolemma O +of O +cardiomyocytes O +have O +been O +demonstrated O +to O +be O +caused O +by O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +Electroencephalographic O +activity O +was O +recorded O +in O +11 O +of O +these O +patients O +, O +and O +all O +patients O +had O +a O +formal O +neurological O +evaluation O +and O +brain O +imaging O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Twenty O +- O +one O +of O +the O +24 O +patients O +did O +not O +have O +evidence O +of O +new O +cerebral O +ischemic O +injury O +, O +but O +seizures O +were O +likely O +due O +to O +ischemic O +brain O +injury O +in O +3 O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +patients O +with O +seizures O +did O +not O +have O +permanent O +neurological O +abnormalities O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +24 O +patients O +with O +seizures O +received O +high O +doses O +of O +TXA B-Chemical +intraoperatively O +ranging O +from O +61 O +to O +259 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +had O +a O +mean O +age O +of O +69 O +. O +9 O +years O +, O +and O +21 O +of O +24 O +had O +undergone O +open O +chamber O +rather O +than O +coronary O +bypass O +procedures O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +but O +one O +patient O +were O +managed O +using O +cardiopulmonary O +bypass O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +evidence O +of O +brain O +ischemic O +, O +metabolic O +, O +or O +hyperthermia O +- O +induced O +causes O +for O +their O +seizures O +was O +apparent O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Our O +results O +suggest O +that O +use O +of O +high O +- O +dose O +TXA B-Chemical +in O +older O +patients O +in O +conjunction O +with O +cardiopulmonary O +bypass O +and O +open O +- O +chamber O +cardiac O +surgery O +is O +associated O +with O +clinical O +seizures O +in O +susceptible O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Electrocardiographic O +changes O +and O +cardiac O +arrhythmias O +in O +patients O +receiving O +psychotropic O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Eight O +patients O +had O +cardiac O +manifestations O +that O +were O +life O +- O +threatening O +in O +five O +while O +taking O +psychotropic O +drugs O +, O +either O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +or O +tricyclic O +antidepressants O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +most O +patients O +were O +receiving O +several O +drugs O +, O +Mellaril B-Chemical +( O +thioridazine B-Chemical +) O +appeared O +to O +be O +responsible O +for O +five O +cases O +of O +ventricular O +tachycardia O +, O +one O +of O +which O +was O +fatal O +in O +a O +35 O +year O +old O +woman O +. O + +aps B-category +Supraventricular O +tachycardia O +developed O +in O +one O +patient O +receiving O +Thorazine B-Chemical +( O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Aventyl B-Chemical +( O +nortriptyline B-Chemical +) O +and O +Elavil B-Chemical +( O +amitriptyline B-Chemical +) O +each O +produced O +left O +bundle O +branch O +block O +in O +a O +73 O +year O +old O +woman O +. O + +aps B-category +Electrocardiographic O +T O +and O +U O +wave O +abnormalities O +were O +present O +in O +most O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ventricular O +arrhythmias O +responded O +to O +intravenous O +administration O +of O +lidocaine B-Chemical +and O +to O +direct O +current O +electric O +shock O +; O +ventricular O +pacing O +was O +required O +in O +some O +instances O +and O +intravenous O +administration O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +combined O +with O +ventricular O +pacing O +in O +one O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +tachyarrhythmias O +generally O +subsided O +within O +48 O +hours O +after O +administration O +of O +the O +drugs O +was O +stopped O +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +of O +the O +eight O +patients O +were O +50 O +years O +of O +age O +or O +younger O +; O +only O +one O +clearly O +had O +antecedent O +heart O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Major O +cardiac O +arrhythmias O +are O +a O +potential O +hazard O +in O +patients O +without O +heart O +disease O +who O +are O +receiving O +customary O +therapeutic O +doses O +of O +psychotropic O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +prospective O +clinical O +trial O +is O +suggested O +to O +quantify O +the O +risk O +of O +cardiac O +complications O +to O +patients O +receiving O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +or O +tricyclic O +antidepressant O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Sensitivity O +of O +erythroid O +progenitor O +colonies O +to O +erythropoietin O +in O +azidothymidine B-Chemical +treated O +immunodeficient O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +anaemia O +induced O +by O +3 B-Chemical +' I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +azido I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +' I-Chemical +dideoxythymidine I-Chemical +( O +AZT B-Chemical +) O +is O +poorly O +understood O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +used O +a O +murine O +model O +of O +AIDS O +, O +infection O +of O +female O +C57BL O +/ O +6 O +mice O +with O +LP O +- O +BM5 O +murine O +leukaemia O +( O +MuLV O +) O +virus O +, O +to O +determine O +if O +AZT B-Chemical +- O +induced O +anaemia O +is O +due O +, O +in O +part O +, O +to O +decreased O +responsiveness O +of O +erythropoietic O +precursors O +( O +BFU O +- O +e O +) O +to O +erythropoietin O +( O +EPO O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Mice O +in O +the O +early O +stage O +of O +LP O +- O +BM5 O +MuLV O +disease O +were O +given O +AZT B-Chemical +in O +their O +drinking O +water O +at O +1 O +. O +0 O +and O +2 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +ml O +. O + +aps B-category +AZT B-Chemical +produced O +anaemia O +in O +both O +groups O +, O +in O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +fashion O +. O + +aps B-category +Despite O +the O +anaemia O +, O +the O +number O +of O +splenic O +and O +bone O +marrow O +BFU O +- O +e O +in O +AZT B-Chemical +treated O +mice O +increased O +up O +to O +five O +- O +fold O +over O +levels O +observed O +in O +infected O +untreated O +animals O +after O +15 O +d O +of O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Colony O +formation O +by O +splenic O +and O +bone O +marrow O +BFUe O +was O +stimulated O +at O +lower O +concentrations O +of O +EPO O +in O +mice O +receiving O +AZT B-Chemical +for O +15 O +d O +than O +for O +infected O +, O +untreated O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +day O +30 O +, O +sensitivity O +of O +both O +splenic O +and O +bone O +marrow O +BFU O +- O +e O +of O +treated O +animals O +returned O +to O +that O +observed O +from O +cells O +of O +infected O +untreated O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +plasma O +levels O +of O +EPO O +observed O +in O +AZT B-Chemical +treated O +mice O +were O +appropriate O +for O +the O +degree O +of O +anaemia O +observed O +when O +compared O +with O +phenylhydrazine B-Chemical +( O +PHZ B-Chemical +) O +treated O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +numbers O +of O +BFU O +- O +e O +and O +the O +percentage O +of O +bone O +marrow O +erythroblasts O +observed O +were O +comparable O +in O +AZT B-Chemical +and O +PHZ B-Chemical +treated O +mice O +with O +similar O +degrees O +of O +anaemia O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +reticulocytosis O +was O +inappropriate O +for O +the O +degree O +of O +anaemia O +observed O +in O +AZT B-Chemical +treated O +infected O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +AZT B-Chemical +- O +induced O +peripheral O +anaemia O +in O +the O +face O +of O +increased O +numbers O +of O +BFU O +- O +e O +and O +increased O +levels O +of O +plasma O +EPO O +suggest O +a O +lesion O +in O +terminal O +differentiation O +. O + +aps B-category +Sedation O +depth O +during O +spinal O +anesthesia O +and O +the O +development O +of O +postoperative O +delirium O +in O +elderly O +patients O +undergoing O +hip O +fracture O +repair O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +determine O +whether O +limiting O +intraoperative O +sedation O +depth O +during O +spinal O +anesthesia O +for O +hip O +fracture O +repair O +in O +elderly O +patients O +can O +decrease O +the O +prevalence O +of O +postoperative O +delirium O +. O + +aps B-category +PATIENTS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +We O +performed O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +, O +randomized O +controlled O +trial O +at O +an O +academic O +medical O +center O +of O +elderly O +patients O +( O +> O +or O += O +65 O +years O +) O +without O +preoperative O +delirium O +or O +severe O +dementia O +who O +underwent O +hip O +fracture O +repair O +under O +spinal O +anesthesia O +with O +propofol B-Chemical +sedation O +. O + +aps B-category +Sedation O +depth O +was O +titrated O +using O +processed O +electroencephalography O +with O +the O +bispectral O +index O +( O +BIS O +) O +, O +and O +patients O +were O +randomized O +to O +receive O +either O +deep O +( O +BIS O +, O +approximately O +50 O +) O +or O +light O +( O +BIS O +, O +> O +or O += O +80 O +) O +sedation O +. O + +aps B-category +Postoperative O +delirium O +was O +assessed O +as O +defined O +by O +Diagnostic O +and O +Statistical O +Manual O +of O +Mental O +Disorders O +( O +Third O +Edition O +Revised O +) O +criteria O +using O +the O +Confusion O +Assessment O +Method O +beginning O +at O +any O +time O +from O +the O +second O +day O +after O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +From O +April O +2 O +, O +2005 O +, O +through O +October O +30 O +, O +2008 O +, O +a O +total O +of O +114 O +patients O +were O +randomized O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +prevalence O +of O +postoperative O +delirium O +was O +significantly O +lower O +in O +the O +light O +sedation O +group O +( O +11 O +/ O +57 O +[ O +19 O +% O +] O +vs O +23 O +/ O +57 O +[ O +40 O +% O +] O +in O +the O +deep O +sedation O +group O +; O +P O += O +. O +02 O +) O +, O +indicating O +that O +1 O +incident O +of O +delirium O +will O +be O +prevented O +for O +every O +4 O +. O +7 O +patients O +treated O +with O +light O +sedation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O ++ O +/ O +- O +SD O +number O +of O +days O +of O +delirium O +during O +hospitalization O +was O +lower O +in O +the O +light O +sedation O +group O +than O +in O +the O +deep O +sedation O +group O +( O +0 O +. O +5 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +5 O +days O +vs O +1 O +. O +4 O ++ O +/ O +- O +4 O +. O +0 O +days O +; O +P O += O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +The O +use O +of O +light O +propofol B-Chemical +sedation O +decreased O +the O +prevalence O +of O +postoperative O +delirium O +by O +50 O +% O +compared O +with O +deep O +sedation O +. O + +aps B-category +Limiting O +depth O +of O +sedation O +during O +spinal O +anesthesia O +is O +a O +simple O +, O +safe O +, O +and O +cost O +- O +effective O +intervention O +for O +preventing O +postoperative O +delirium O +in O +elderly O +patients O +that O +could O +be O +widely O +and O +readily O +adopted O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +protective O +role O +of O +Nrf2 O +in O +streptozotocin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +diabetic O +nephropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +Diabetic O +nephropathy O +is O +one O +of O +the O +major O +causes O +of O +renal O +failure O +, O +which O +is O +accompanied O +by O +the O +production O +of O +reactive O +oxygen B-Chemical +species O +( O +ROS O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Nrf2 O +is O +the O +primary O +transcription O +factor O +that O +controls O +the O +antioxidant O +response O +essential O +for O +maintaining O +cellular O +redox O +homeostasis O +. O + +aps B-category +Here O +, O +we O +report O +our O +findings O +demonstrating O +a O +protective O +role O +of O +Nrf2 O +against O +diabetic O +nephropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +RESEARCH O +DESIGN O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +We O +explore O +the O +protective O +role O +of O +Nrf2 O +against O +diabetic O +nephropathy O +using O +human O +kidney O +biopsy O +tissues O +from O +diabetic O +nephropathy O +patients O +, O +a O +streptozotocin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +diabetic O +nephropathy O +model O +in O +Nrf2 O +( O +- O +/ O +- O +) O +mice O +, O +and O +cultured O +human O +mesangial O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +glomeruli O +of O +human O +diabetic O +nephropathy O +patients O +were O +under O +oxidative O +stress O +and O +had O +elevated O +Nrf2 O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +animal O +study O +, O +Nrf2 O +was O +demonstrated O +to O +be O +crucial O +in O +ameliorating O +streptozotocin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +renal O +damage O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +is O +evident O +by O +Nrf2 O +( O +- O +/ O +- O +) O +mice O +having O +higher O +ROS O +production O +and O +suffering O +from O +greater O +oxidative O +DNA O +damage O +and O +renal O +injury O +compared O +with O +Nrf2 O +( O ++ O +/ O ++ O +) O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Mechanistic O +studies O +in O +both O +in O +vivo O +and O +in O +vitro O +systems O +showed O +that O +the O +Nrf2 O +- O +mediated O +protection O +against O +diabetic O +nephropathy O +is O +, O +at O +least O +, O +partially O +through O +inhibition O +of O +transforming O +growth O +factor O +- O +beta1 O +( O +TGF O +- O +beta1 O +) O +and O +reduction O +of O +extracellular O +matrix O +production O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +human O +renal O +mesangial O +cells O +, O +high O +glucose B-Chemical +induced O +ROS O +production O +and O +activated O +expression O +of O +Nrf2 O +and O +its O +downstream O +genes O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +activation O +or O +overexpression O +of O +Nrf2 O +inhibited O +the O +promoter O +activity O +of O +TGF O +- O +beta1 O +in O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +manner O +, O +whereas O +knockdown O +of O +Nrf2 O +by O +siRNA O +enhanced O +TGF O +- O +beta1 O +transcription O +and O +fibronectin O +production O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +This O +work O +clearly O +indicates O +a O +protective O +role O +of O +Nrf2 O +in O +diabetic O +nephropathy O +, O +suggesting O +that O +dietary O +or O +therapeutic O +activation O +of O +Nrf2 O +could O +be O +used O +as O +a O +strategy O +to O +prevent O +or O +slow O +down O +the O +progression O +of O +diabetic O +nephropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Metformin B-Chemical +prevents O +experimental O +gentamicin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephropathy O +by O +a O +mitochondria O +- O +dependent O +pathway O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +antidiabetic O +drug O +metformin B-Chemical +can O +diminish O +apoptosis O +induced O +by O +oxidative O +stress O +in O +endothelial O +cells O +and O +prevent O +vascular O +dysfunction O +even O +in O +nondiabetic O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Here O +we O +tested O +whether O +it O +has O +a O +beneficial O +effect O +in O +a O +rat O +model O +of O +gentamicin B-Chemical +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Mitochondrial O +analysis O +, O +respiration O +intensity O +, O +levels O +of O +reactive O +oxygen B-Chemical +species O +, O +permeability O +transition O +, O +and O +cytochrome O +c O +release O +were O +assessed O +3 O +and O +6 O +days O +after O +gentamicin B-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +Metformin B-Chemical +treatment O +fully O +blocked O +gentamicin B-Chemical +- O +mediated O +acute O +renal O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +was O +accompanied O +by O +a O +lower O +activity O +of O +N O +- O +acetyl O +- O +beta O +- O +D O +- O +glucosaminidase O +, O +together O +with O +a O +decrease O +of O +lipid O +peroxidation O +and O +increase O +of O +antioxidant O +systems O +. O + +aps B-category +Metformin B-Chemical +also O +protected O +the O +kidney O +from O +histological O +damage O +6 O +days O +after O +gentamicin B-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +in O +vivo O +markers O +of O +kidney O +dysfunction O +and O +their O +correction O +by O +metformin B-Chemical +were O +complemented O +by O +in O +vitro O +studies O +of O +mitochondrial O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +found O +that O +gentamicin B-Chemical +treatment O +depleted O +respiratory O +components O +( O +cytochrome O +c O +, O +NADH O +) O +, O +probably O +due O +to O +the O +opening O +of O +mitochondrial O +transition O +pores O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +injuries O +, O +partly O +mediated O +by O +a O +rise O +in O +reactive O +oxygen B-Chemical +species O +from O +the O +electron O +transfer O +chain O +, O +were O +significantly O +decreased O +by O +metformin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +our O +study O +suggests O +that O +pleiotropic O +effects O +of O +metformin B-Chemical +can O +lessen O +gentamicin B-Chemical +nephrotoxicity O +and O +improve O +mitochondrial O +homeostasis O +. O + +aps B-category +Risk O +of O +nephropathy O +after O +consumption O +of O +nonionic O +contrast B-Chemical +media I-Chemical +by O +children O +undergoing O +cardiac O +angiography O +: O +a O +prospective O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +Despite O +increasing O +reports O +on O +nonionic O +contrast B-Chemical +media I-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephropathy O +( O +CIN O +) O +in O +hospitalized O +adult O +patients O +during O +cardiac O +procedures O +, O +the O +studies O +in O +pediatrics O +are O +limited O +, O +with O +even O +less O +focus O +on O +possible O +predisposing O +factors O +and O +preventive O +measures O +for O +patients O +undergoing O +cardiac O +angiography O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +prospective O +study O +determined O +the O +incidence O +of O +CIN O +for O +two O +nonionic O +contrast B-Chemical +media I-Chemical +( O +CM B-Chemical +) O +, O +iopromide B-Chemical +and O +iohexol B-Chemical +, O +among O +80 O +patients O +younger O +than O +18 O +years O +and O +compared O +the O +rates O +for O +this O +complication O +in O +relation O +to O +the O +type O +and O +dosage O +of O +CM B-Chemical +and O +the O +presence O +of O +cyanosis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +80 O +patients O +in O +the O +study O +consecutively O +received O +either O +iopromide B-Chemical +( O +group O +A O +, O +n O += O +40 O +) O +or O +iohexol B-Chemical +( O +group O +B O +, O +n O += O +40 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +sodium B-Chemical +( O +Na B-Chemical +) O +, O +potassium B-Chemical +( O +K B-Chemical +) O +, O +and O +creatinine B-Chemical +( O +Cr B-Chemical +) O +were O +measured O +24 O +h O +before O +angiography O +as O +baseline O +values O +, O +then O +measured O +again O +at O +12 O +- O +, O +24 O +- O +, O +and O +48 O +- O +h O +intervals O +after O +CM B-Chemical +use O +. O + +aps B-category +Urine O +samples O +for O +Na B-Chemical +and O +Cr B-Chemical +also O +were O +checked O +at O +the O +same O +intervals O +. O + +aps B-category +Risk O +of O +renal O +failure O +, O +Injury O +to O +the O +kidney O +, O +Failure O +of O +kidney O +function O +, O +Loss O +of O +kidney O +function O +, O +and O +End O +- O +stage O +renal O +damage O +( O +RIFLE O +criteria O +) O +were O +used O +to O +define O +CIN O +and O +its O +incidence O +in O +the O +study O +population O +. O + +aps B-category +Accordingly O +, O +among O +the O +15 O +CIN O +patients O +( O +18 O +. O +75 O +% O +) O +, O +7 O +. O +5 O +% O +of O +the O +patients O +in O +group O +A O +had O +increased O +risk O +and O +3 O +. O +75 O +% O +had O +renal O +injury O +, O +whereas O +5 O +% O +of O +group O +B O +had O +increased O +risk O +and O +2 O +. O +5 O +% O +had O +renal O +injury O +. O + +aps B-category +Whereas O +33 O +. O +3 O +% O +of O +the O +patients O +with O +CIN O +were O +among O +those O +who O +received O +the O +proper O +dosage O +of O +CM B-Chemical +, O +the O +percentage O +increased O +to O +66 O +. O +6 O +% O +among O +those O +who O +received O +larger O +doses O +, O +with O +a O +significant O +difference O +in O +the O +incidence O +of O +CIN O +related O +to O +the O +different O +dosages O +of O +CM B-Chemical +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +014 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +the O +15 O +patients O +with O +CIN O +, O +6 O +had O +cyanotic O +congenital O +heart O +diseases O +, O +but O +the O +incidence O +did O +not O +differ O +significantly O +from O +that O +for O +the O +noncyanotic O +patients O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +243 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +clinically O +silent O +, O +CIN O +is O +not O +rare O +in O +pediatrics O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +depends O +on O +dosage O +but O +not O +on O +the O +type O +of O +consumed O +nonionic O +CM B-Chemical +, O +nor O +on O +the O +presence O +of O +cyanosis O +, O +and O +although O +CIN O +usually O +is O +reversible O +, O +more O +concern O +is O +needed O +for O +the O +prevention O +of O +such O +a O +complication O +in O +children O +. O + +aps B-category +Renal O +function O +and O +hemodynamics O +during O +prolonged O +isoflurane B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypotension O +in O +humans O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +isoflurane B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypotension O +on O +glomerular O +function O +and O +renal O +blood O +flow O +was O +investigated O +in O +20 O +human O +subjects O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +we O +demonstrate O +that O +mice O +genetically O +engineered O +to O +have O +unilateral O +brain O +DA B-Chemical +deficits O +develop O +METH B-Chemical +- O +induced O +dopaminergic O +deficits O +that O +are O +of O +comparable O +magnitude O +on O +both O +sides O +of O +the O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Taken O +together O +, O +these O +findings O +demonstrate O +that O +DA B-Chemical +is O +not O +essential O +for O +the O +development O +of O +METH B-Chemical +- O +induced O +dopaminergic O +neurotoxicity O +and O +suggest O +that O +mechanisms O +independent O +of O +DA B-Chemical +warrant O +more O +intense O +investigation O +. O + +aps B-category +Swallowing O +- O +induced O +atrial O +tachyarrhythmia O +triggered O +by O +salbutamol B-Chemical +: O +case O +report O +and O +review O +of O +the O +literature O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +myriad O +clinical O +presentation O +of O +myxedema O +coma O +and O +its O +serious O +morbidity O +and O +mortality O +stresses O +the O +need O +to O +suspect O +this O +clinical O +syndrome O +among O +CHF O +patients O +presenting O +with O +hypotension O +, O +weakness O +or O +other O +unexplained O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +active O +constituents O +of O +Crocus O +sativus O +L O +. O +, O +crocin B-Chemical +on O +streptozocin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +model O +of O +sporadic O +Alzheimer O +' O +s O +disease O +in O +male O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +The O +involvement O +of O +water O +- O +soluble O +carotenoids B-Chemical +, O +crocins B-Chemical +, O +as O +the O +main O +and O +active O +components O +of O +Crocus O +sativus O +L O +. O +extract O +in O +learning O +and O +memory O +processes O +has O +been O +proposed O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +Alzheimer O +' O +s O +disease O +groups O +, O +rats O +were O +injected O +with O +STZ B-Chemical +- O +icv O +bilaterally O +( O +3 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +in O +first O +day O +and O +3 O +days O +later O +, O +a O +similar O +STZ B-Chemical +- O +icv O +application O +was O +repeated O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +STZ B-Chemical ++ O +crocin B-Chemical +animal O +groups O +, O +crocin B-Chemical +was O +applied O +in O +doses O +of O +15 O +and O +30 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +i O +. O +p O +. O +, O +one O +day O +pre O +- O +surgery O +and O +continued O +for O +three O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +Prescription O +of O +crocin B-Chemical +in O +each O +dose O +was O +repeated O +once O +for O +two O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +learning O +and O +memory O +performance O +was O +assessed O +using O +passive O +avoidance O +paradigm O +, O +and O +for O +spatial O +cognition O +evaluation O +, O +Y O +- O +maze O +task O +was O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +It O +was O +found O +out O +that O +crocin B-Chemical +( O +30 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +- O +treated O +STZ B-Chemical +- O +injected O +rats O +show O +higher O +correct O +choices O +and O +lower O +errors O +in O +Y O +- O +maze O +than O +vehicle O +- O +treated O +STZ B-Chemical +- O +injected O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +crocin B-Chemical +in O +the O +mentioned O +dose O +could O +significantly O +attenuated O +learning O +and O +memory O +impairment O +in O +treated O +STZ B-Chemical +- O +injected O +group O +in O +passive O +avoidance O +test O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Our O +results O +provide O +further O +support O +for O +the O +hypothesis O +of O +an O +NMDA B-Chemical +receptor O +dysfunction O +in O +the O +pathophysiology O +of O +schizophrenia O +. O + +aps B-category +Long O +- O +term O +prognosis O +for O +transplant O +- O +free O +survivors O +of O +paracetamol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +acute O +liver O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +The O +prognosis O +for O +transplant O +- O +free O +survivors O +of O +paracetamol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +acute O +liver O +failure O +remains O +unknown O +. O + +aps B-category +AIM O +: O +To O +examine O +whether O +paracetamol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +acute O +liver O +failure O +increases O +long O +- O +term O +mortality O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +We O +followed O +up O +all O +transplant O +- O +free O +survivors O +of O +paracetamol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +acute O +liver O +injury O +, O +hospitalized O +in O +a O +Danish O +national O +referral O +centre O +during O +1984 O +- O +2004 O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +compared O +age O +- O +specific O +mortality O +rates O +from O +1 O +year O +post O +- O +discharge O +through O +2008 O +between O +those O +in O +whom O +the O +liver O +injury O +led O +to O +an O +acute O +liver O +failure O +and O +those O +in O +whom O +it O +did O +not O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +We O +included O +641 O +patients O +. 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O +6 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +2 O +( O +by O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O +, O +and O +3 O +. O +5 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +3 O +( O +by O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O +micrograms O +/ O +ml O +, O +respectively O +( O +mean O ++ O +/ O +- O +SDM O +, O +n O += O +6 O +- O +7 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +concentration O +for O +adrenaline B-Chemical +- O +induced O +arrhythmia O +was O +significantly O +higher O +than O +those O +for O +the O +other O +types O +of O +arrhythmias O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +pharmacological O +profile O +is O +similar O +to O +those O +of O +mexiletine B-Chemical +and O +tocainide B-Chemical +, O +and O +all O +three O +drugs O +have O +central O +nervous O +system O +( O +CNS O +) O +stimulant O +action O +. 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O + +aps B-category +We O +prospectively O +performed O +continuous O +ambulatory O +ECG O +monitoring O +on O +25 O +patients O +undergoing O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +infusion O +for O +treatment O +of O +solid O +tumors O +in O +order O +to O +assess O +the O +incidence O +of O +ischemic O +ST O +changes O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +were O +monitored O +for O +23 O ++ O +/ O +- O +4 O +hours O +before O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +infusion O +, O +and O +98 O ++ O +/ O +- O +9 O +hours O +during O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +infusion O +. O + +aps B-category +Anginal O +episodes O +were O +rare O +: O +only O +one O +patient O +had O +angina O +( O +during O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +infusion O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +asymptomatic O +ST O +changes O +( O +greater O +than O +or O +equal O +to O +1 O +mm O +ST O +deviation O +) O +were O +common O +: O +six O +of O +25 O +patients O +( O +24 O +% O +) O +had O +ST O +changes O +before O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +infusion O +v O +17 O +( O +68 O +% O +) O +during O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +infusion O +( O +P O +less O +than O +. O +002 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +ischemic O +episodes O +per O +patient O +per O +hour O +was O +0 O +. O +05 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +02 O +prior O +to O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +infusion O +v O +0 O +. O +13 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +03 O +during O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +infusion O +( O +P O +less O +than O +. O +001 O +) O +; O +the O +duration O +of O +ECG O +changes O +was O +0 O +. O +6 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +3 O +minutes O +per O +patient O +per O +hour O +before O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +v O +1 O +. O +9 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +5 O +minutes O +per O +patient O +per O +hour O +during O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +( O +P O +less O +than O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +ECG O +changes O +were O +more O +common O +among O +patients O +with O +known O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +were O +two O +cases O +of O +sudden O +death O +, O +both O +of O +which O +occurred O +at O +the O +end O +of O +the O +chemotherapy O +course O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +infusion O +is O +associated O +with O +a O +significant O +increase O +in O +silent O +ST O +segment O +deviation O +suggestive O +of O +ischemia O +, O +particularly O +among O +patients O +with O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Following O +a O +3 O +- O +week O +observation O +period O +, O +volunteers O +were O +treated O +with O +zidovudine B-Chemical +600 O +mg O +/ O +day O +for O +18 O +weeks O +, O +900 O +mg O +/ O +day O +for O +9 O +weeks O +and O +1200 O +mg O +/ O +day O +for O +9 O +weeks O +, O +followed O +by O +a O +washout O +period O +of O +6 O +weeks O +after O +which O +they O +were O +re O +- O +started O +on O +1200 O +mg O +/ O +day O +or O +the O +highest O +tolerated O +dose O +at O +8 O +- O +hourly O +intervals O +. O + +aps B-category +Subjects O +were O +randomly O +assigned O +to O +4 O +- O +hourly O +or O +8 O +- O +hourly O +regimens O +within O +CDC O +groups O +while O +taking O +600 O +and O +1200 O +mg O +/ O +day O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +and O +laboratory O +evaluations O +were O +performed O +at O +3 O +- O +week O +intervals O +. O + +aps B-category +Symptomatic O +adverse O +effects O +were O +present O +in O +96 O +% O +of O +subjects O +, O +most O +commonly O +nausea O +( O +64 O +% O +) O +, O +fatigue O +( O +55 O +% O +) O +and O +headache O +( O +49 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +were O +generally O +self O +- O +limited O +, O +reappearing O +briefly O +at O +each O +dose O +increment O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +decrease O +in O +hemoglobin O +occurred O +shortly O +after O +initiation O +of O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +was O +not O +dose O +dependent O +and O +reversed O +rapidly O +upon O +discontinuation O +of O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +red O +blood O +cell O +count O +decrease O +, O +a O +mean O +cell O +volume O +increase O +and O +a O +granulocyte O +count O +decrease O +developed O +early O +in O +a O +dose O +- O +independent O +fashion O +, O +reverting O +at O +least O +partially O +during O +the O +washout O +phase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +decrease O +in O +reticulocyte O +count O +was O +dose O +related O +between O +600 O +and O +900 O +mg O +/ O +day O +with O +no O +further O +change O +when O +the O +dose O +was O +escalated O +to O +1200 O +mg O +/ O +day O +. O + +aps B-category +Bone O +marrow O +changes O +occurred O +rapidly O +as O +demonstrated O +by O +megaloblastosis O +in O +95 O +% O +of O +65 O +specimens O +at O +week O +18 O +. O +( O +ABSTRACT O +TRUNCATED O +AT O +250 O +WORDS O +) O + +aps B-category +National O +project O +on O +the O +prevention O +of O +mother O +- O +to O +- O +infant O +infection O +by O +hepatitis O +B O +virus O +in O +Japan O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +Japan O +, O +a O +nationwide O +prevention O +program O +against O +mother O +- O +to O +- O +infant O +infection O +by O +hepatitis O +B O +virus O +( O +HBV O +) O +started O +in O +1985 O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +program O +consists O +of O +double O +screenings O +of O +pregnant O +women O +and O +prophylactic O +treatment O +to O +the O +infants O +born O +to O +both O +hepatitis B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +surface I-Chemical +antigen I-Chemical +( O +HBsAg B-Chemical +) O +and O +hepatitis B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +e I-Chemical +antigen I-Chemical +( O +HBeAg B-Chemical +) O +positive O +mothers O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +infants O +are O +treated O +with O +two O +injections O +of O +hepatitis O +B O +immune O +globulin O +( O +HBIG O +) O +and O +at O +least O +three O +injections O +of O +plasma O +derived O +hepatitis B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +vaccine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +sent O +questionnaires O +about O +the O +numbers O +of O +each O +procedure O +or O +examination O +during O +nine O +months O +of O +investigation O +period O +to O +each O +local O +government O +in O +1986 O +and O +1987 O +. O + +aps B-category +93 O +. O +4 O +% O +pregnant O +women O +had O +the O +chance O +to O +be O +examined O +for O +HBsAg B-Chemical +, O +and O +the O +positive O +rate O +was O +1 O +. O +4 O +to O +1 O +. O +5 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +HBeAg B-Chemical +positive O +rate O +in O +HBsAg B-Chemical +positive O +was O +23 O +to O +26 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +HBsAg B-Chemical +positive O +rate O +in O +neonates O +and O +in O +infants O +before O +two O +months O +were O +3 O +% O +and O +2 O +% O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +problems O +may O +arise O +, O +because O +27 O +to O +30 O +% O +of O +infants O +need O +the O +fourth O +vaccination O +in O +some O +restricted O +areas O +. O + +aps B-category +Involvement O +of O +the O +mu O +- O +opiate O +receptor O +in O +peripheral O +analgesia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +intradermal O +injection O +of O +mu O +( O +morphine B-Chemical +, O +Tyr B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Ala I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Gly I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +NMe I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Phe I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Gly I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ol I-Chemical +and O +morphiceptin B-Chemical +) O +, O +kappa O +( O +trans B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dichloro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +N I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +N I-Chemical +[ I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +pyrrolidinyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +cyclohexyl I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +benzeneactemide I-Chemical +) O +and O +delta O +( O +[ B-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Pen2 I-Chemical +. I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +enkephalin I-Chemical +and O +[ B-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Ser2 I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +[ I-Chemical +Leu I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +enkephalin I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Thr I-Chemical +) O +selective O +opioid O +- O +agonists O +, O +by O +themselves O +, O +did O +not O +significantly O +affect O +the O +mechanical O +nociceptive O +threshold O +in O +the O +hindpaw O +of O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Intradermal O +injection O +of O +mu O +, O +but O +not O +delta O +or O +kappa O +opioid O +- O +agonists O +, O +however O +, O +produced O +dose O +- O +dependent O +inhibition O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E2 I-Chemical +- O +induced O +hyperalgesia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +analgesic O +effect O +of O +the O +mu O +- O +agonist O +morphine B-Chemical +was O +dose O +- O +dependently O +antagonized O +by O +naloxone B-Chemical +and O +prevented O +by O +co O +- O +injection O +of O +pertussis O +toxin O +. O + +aps B-category +Morphine B-Chemical +did O +not O +, O +however O +, O +alter O +the O +hyperalgesia O +induced O +by O +8 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bromo I-Chemical +cyclic I-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +monophosphate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +the O +analgesic O +action O +of O +opioids O +on O +the O +peripheral O +terminals O +of O +primary O +afferents O +is O +via O +a O +binding O +site O +with O +characteristics O +of O +the O +mu O +- O +opioid O +receptor O +and O +that O +this O +action O +is O +mediated O +by O +inhibition O +of O +the O +cyclic B-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +monophosphate I-Chemical +second O +messenger O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Involvement O +of O +locus O +coeruleus O +and O +noradrenergic O +neurotransmission O +in O +fentanyl B-Chemical +- O +induced O +muscular O +rigidity O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Whereas O +muscular O +rigidity O +is O +a O +well O +- O +known O +side O +effect O +that O +is O +associated O +with O +high O +- O +dose O +fentanyl B-Chemical +anesthesia O +, O +a O +paucity O +of O +information O +exists O +with O +regard O +to O +its O +underlying O +mechanism O +( O +s O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +investigated O +in O +this O +study O +the O +possible O +engagement O +of O +locus O +coeruleus O +of O +the O +pons O +in O +this O +phenomenon O +, O +using O +male O +Sprague O +- O +Dawley O +rats O +anesthetized O +with O +ketamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Under O +proper O +control O +of O +respiration O +, O +body O +temperature O +and O +end O +- O +tidal O +CO2 B-Chemical +, O +intravenous O +administration O +of O +fentanyl B-Chemical +( O +50 O +or O +100 O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +) O +consistently O +promoted O +an O +increase O +in O +electromyographic O +activity O +recorded O +from O +the O +gastrocnemius O +and O +abdominal O +rectus O +muscles O +. O + +aps B-category +Such O +an O +induced O +muscular O +rigidity O +by O +the O +narcotic O +agent O +was O +significantly O +antagonized O +or O +even O +reduced O +by O +prior O +electrolytic O +lesions O +of O +the O +locus O +coeruleus O +or O +pretreatment O +with O +the O +alpha O +- O +adrenoceptor O +blocker O +, O +prazosin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Microinjection O +of O +fentanyl B-Chemical +( O +2 O +. 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O +25 O +% O +showed O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +enhancing O +effect O +on O +the O +development O +of O +the O +BHA B-Chemical +- O +induced O +epithelial O +hyperplasia O +. O + +aps B-category +Tumors O +, O +all O +papillomas O +, O +were O +induced O +in O +3 O +rats O +( O +17 O +% O +) O +with O +0 O +. O +25 O +% O +RA B-Chemical +and O +in O +one O +rat O +( O +10 O +% O +) O +with O +0 O +. O +05 O +% O +RA B-Chemical +co O +- O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +RA B-Chemical +alone O +did O +not O +induce O +hyperplastic O +changes O +in O +the O +forestomach O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +indicate O +that O +RA B-Chemical +acted O +as O +a O +co O +- O +carcinogen O +in O +the O +BHA B-Chemical +forestomach O +carcinogenesis O +of O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +prospective O +study O +on O +the O +dose O +dependency O +of O +cardiotoxicity O +induced O +by O +mitomycin B-Chemical +C I-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +epinephrine B-Chemical +in O +eliciting O +myocardial O +ischemia O +was O +examined O +in O +patients O +with O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Objective O +signs O +of O +ischemia O +and O +factors O +increasing O +myocardial O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +were O +compared O +during O +epinephrine B-Chemical +infusion O +and O +supine O +bicycle O +exercise O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +epinephrine B-Chemical +and O +exercise O +produced O +myocardial O +ischemia O +as O +evidenced O +by O +ST O +segment O +depression O +and O +angina O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +mechanisms O +of O +myocardial O +ischemia O +induced O +by O +epinephrine B-Chemical +were O +significantly O +different O +from O +those O +of O +exercise O +. O + +aps B-category +Exercise O +- O +induced O +myocardial O +ischemia O +was O +marked O +predominantly O +by O +increased O +heart O +rate O +and O +rate O +- O +pressure O +product O +with O +a O +minor O +contribution O +of O +end O +- O +diastolic O +volume O +, O +while O +epinephrine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +ischemia O +was O +characterized O +by O +a O +marked O +increase O +in O +contractility O +and O +a O +less O +pronounced O +increase O +in O +heart O +rate O +and O +rate O +- O +pressure O +product O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +indicate O +that O +ischemia O +produced O +by O +epinephrine B-Chemical +, O +as O +may O +occur O +during O +states O +of O +emotional O +distress O +, O +has O +a O +mechanism O +distinct O +from O +that O +due O +to O +physical O +exertion O +. O + +aps B-category +Recent O +preclinical O +and O +clinical O +studies O +with O +the O +thymidylate O +synthase O +inhibitor O +N10 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propargyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +8 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dideazafolic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +CB B-Chemical +3717 I-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CB B-Chemical +3717 I-Chemical +, O +N10 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propargyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +8 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dideazafolic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +is O +a O +tight O +- O +binding O +inhibitor O +of O +thymidylate O +synthase O +( O +TS O +) O +whose O +cytotoxicity O +is O +mediated O +solely O +through O +the O +inhibition O +of O +this O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Recent O +preclinical O +studies O +have O +focused O +on O +the O +intracellular O +formation O +of O +CB B-Chemical +3717 I-Chemical +polyglutamates O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +a O +12 O +- O +hour O +exposure O +of O +L1210 O +cells O +to O +50 O +microM O +[ O +3H O +] O +CB B-Chemical +3717 I-Chemical +, O +30 O +% O +of O +the O +extractable O +radioactivity O +could O +be O +accounted O +for O +as O +CB B-Chemical +3717 I-Chemical +tetra O +- O +and O +pentaglutamate O +, O +as O +determined O +by O +high O +- O +pressure O +liquid O +chromatography O +( O +HPLC O +) O +analyses O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +inhibitors O +of O +isolated O +L1210 O +TS O +, O +CB O +3717 O +di O +- O +, O +tri O +- O +, O +tetra O +- O +and O +pentaglutamate O +are O +26 O +- O +, O +87 O +- O +, O +119 O +- O +and O +114 O +- O +fold O +more O +potent O +than O +CB B-Chemical +3717 I-Chemical +, O +respectively O +, O +and O +their O +formation O +may O +, O +therefore O +, O +be O +an O +important O +determinant O +of O +CB B-Chemical +3717 I-Chemical +cytotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +early O +clinical O +studies O +with O +CB B-Chemical +3717 I-Chemical +, O +activity O +has O +been O +seen O +in O +breast O +cancer O +, O +ovarian O +cancer O +, O +hepatoma O +, O +and O +mesothelioma O +. O + +aps B-category +Toxicities O +included O +hepatotoxicity O +, O +malaise O +, O +and O +dose O +- O +limiting O +nephrotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +latter O +effect O +is O +thought O +to O +be O +due O +to O +drug O +precipitation O +within O +the O +renal O +tubule O +as O +a O +result O +of O +the O +poor O +solubility O +of O +CB B-Chemical +3717 I-Chemical +under O +acidic O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +an O +attempt O +to O +overcome O +this O +problem O +, O +a O +clinical O +trial O +of O +CB B-Chemical +3717 I-Chemical +administered O +with O +alkaline O +diuresis O +is O +under O +way O +. O + +aps B-category +Preliminary O +results O +at O +400 O +and O +500 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +suggest O +that O +a O +reduction O +in O +nephrotoxicity O +may O +have O +been O +achieved O +with O +only O +1 O +instance O +of O +renal O +toxicity O +in O +10 O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Hepatotoxicity O +and O +malaise O +are O +again O +the O +most O +frequent O +side O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +of O +antitumor O +activity O +has O +been O +seen O +in O +3 O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Pharmacokinetic O +investigations O +have O +shown O +that O +alkaline O +diuresis O +does O +not O +alter O +CB B-Chemical +3717 I-Chemical +plasma O +levels O +or O +urinary O +excretion O +and O +that O +satisfactory O +urinary O +alkalinization O +can O +be O +readily O +achieved O +. O + +aps B-category +Type O +B O +hepatitis O +after O +needle O +- O +stick O +exposure O +: O +prevention O +with O +hepatitis O +B O +immune O +globulin O +. O + +aps B-category +Final O +report O +of O +the O +Veterans O +Administration O +Cooperative O +Study O +. O + +aps B-category +Hepatitis O +B O +immune O +globulin O +( O +HBIG O +) O +and O +immune O +serum O +globulin O +( O +ISG O +) O +were O +examined O +in O +a O +randomized O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +trial O +to O +assess O +their O +relative O +efficacies O +in O +preventing O +type O +B O +hepatitis O +after O +needle O +- O +stick O +exposure O +to O +hepatitis B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +surface I-Chemical +antigen I-Chemical +( O +HBsAG B-Chemical +) O +- O +positive O +donors O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +hepatitis O +developed O +in O +1 O +. O +4 O +% O +of O +HBIG O +and O +in O +5 O +. O +9 O +% O +of O +ISG O +recipients O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +016 O +) O +, O +and O +seroconversion O +( O +anti O +- O +HBs O +) O +occurred O +in O +5 O +. O +6 O +% O +and O +20 O +. O +7 O +% O +of O +them O +respectively O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Mild O +and O +transient O +side O +- O +effects O +were O +noted O +in O +3 O +. O +0 O +% O +of O +ISG O +and O +in O +3 O +. O +2 O +% O +of O +HBIG O +recipients O +. O + +aps B-category +Available O +donor O +sera O +were O +examined O +for O +DNA O +polymerase O +( O +DNAP O +) O +and O +e O +antigen O +and O +antibody O +( O +HBeAg B-Chemical +; O +anti O +- O +HBE O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +DNAP O +and O +HBeAg B-Chemical +showed O +a O +highly O +statistically O +significant O +correlation O +with O +the O +infectivity O +of O +HBsAg B-Chemical +- O +positive O +donors O +. O + +aps B-category +Hepatitis O +B O +immune O +globulin O +remained O +significantly O +superior O +to O +ISG O +in O +preventing O +type O +B O +hepatitis O +even O +when O +the O +analysis O +was O +confined O +to O +these O +two O +high O +- O +risk O +subgroups O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +efficacy O +of O +ISG O +in O +preventing O +type O +B O +hepatitis O +cannot O +be O +ascertained O +because O +a O +true O +placebo O +group O +was O +not O +included O +. O + +aps B-category +Production O +of O +autochthonous O +prostate O +cancer O +in O +Lobund O +- O +Wistar O +rats O +by O +treatments O +with O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nitroso I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +N I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylurea I-Chemical +and O +testosterone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +More O +than O +50 O +% O +of O +Lobund O +- O +Wistar O +( O +L O +- O +W O +) O +strain O +rats O +developed O +large O +, O +palpable O +prostate O +adenocarcinomas O +( O +PAs O +) O +following O +treatments O +with O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nitroso I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +N I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylurea I-Chemical +( O +CAS O +: O +684 O +- O +93 O +- O +5 O +) O +and O +testosterone B-Chemical +propionate I-Chemical +[ O +( O +TP B-Chemical +) O +CAS O +: O +57 O +- O +85 O +- O +2 O +] O +, O +and O +most O +of O +the O +tumor O +- O +bearing O +rats O +manifested O +metastatic O +lesions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incubation O +periods O +averaged O +10 O +. O +6 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +Within O +the O +same O +timeframe O +, O +no O +L O +- O +W O +rat O +developed O +a O +similar O +palpable O +PA O +when O +treated O +only O +with O +TP B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +L O +- O +W O +rats O +, O +TP B-Chemical +acted O +as O +a O +tumor O +enhancement O +agent O +, O +with O +primary O +emphasis O +on O +the O +development O +of O +prostate O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +Relative O +efficacy O +and O +toxicity O +of O +netilmicin B-Chemical +and O +tobramycin B-Chemical +in O +oncology O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +prospectively O +compared O +the O +efficacy O +and O +safety O +of O +netilmicin B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +or O +tobramycin B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +in O +conjunction O +with O +piperacillin B-Chemical +sodium I-Chemical +in O +118 O +immunocompromised O +patients O +with O +presumed O +severe O +infections O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +two O +treatment O +regimens O +were O +equally O +efficacious O +. O + +aps B-category +Nephrotoxicity O +occurred O +in O +a O +similar O +proportion O +in O +patients O +treated O +with O +netilmicin B-Chemical +and O +tobramycin B-Chemical +( O +17 O +% O +vs O +11 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Ototoxicity O +occurred O +in O +four O +( O +9 O +. O +5 O +% O +) O +of O +42 O +netilmicin B-Chemical +and O +piperacillin B-Chemical +and O +in O +12 O +( O +22 O +% O +) O +of O +54 O +tobramycin B-Chemical +and O +piperacillin B-Chemical +- O +treated O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +those O +evaluated O +with O +posttherapy O +audiograms O +, O +three O +of O +four O +netilmicin B-Chemical +and O +piperacillin B-Chemical +- O +treated O +patients O +had O +auditory O +thresholds O +return O +to O +baseline O +compared O +with O +one O +of O +nine O +tobramycin B-Chemical +and O +piperacillin B-Chemical +- O +treated O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +number O +of O +greater O +than O +or O +equal O +to O +15 O +- O +dB O +increases O +in O +auditory O +threshold O +as O +a O +proportion O +of O +total O +greater O +than O +or O +equal O +to O +15 O +- O +dB O +changes O +( O +increases O +and O +decreases O +) O +was O +significantly O +lower O +in O +netilmicin B-Chemical +and O +piperacillin B-Chemical +- O +vs O +tobramycin B-Chemical +and O +piperacillin B-Chemical +- O +treated O +patients O +( O +18 O +of O +78 O +vs O +67 O +of O +115 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +aminoglycoside B-Chemical +- O +associated O +ototoxicity O +was O +less O +severe O +and O +more O +often O +reversible O +with O +netilmicin B-Chemical +than O +with O +tobramycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Urinary O +enzymes O +and O +protein O +patterns O +as O +indicators O +of O +injury O +to O +different O +regions O +of O +the O +kidney O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +experimental O +models O +of O +renal O +damage O +to O +the O +proximal O +tubular O +, O +glomerular O +, O +and O +papillary O +regions O +of O +the O +rat O +were O +produced O +by O +administration O +of O +hexachloro B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +: I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +butadiene I-Chemical +( O +HCBD B-Chemical +) O +, O +puromycin B-Chemical +aminonucleoside I-Chemical +( O +PAN B-Chemical +) O +, O +and O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bromoethylamine I-Chemical +( O +BEA B-Chemical +) O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Several O +routine O +indicators O +of O +nephrotoxicity O +, O +the O +enzymes O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +and O +N O +- O +acetyl O +- O +beta O +- O +glucosaminidase O +, O +and O +the O +molecular O +weight O +of O +protein O +excretion O +were O +determined O +on O +urine O +samples O +. O + +aps B-category +Tubular O +damage O +produced O +by O +HCBD B-Chemical +or O +BEA B-Chemical +was O +discriminated O +both O +quantitatively O +and O +qualitatively O +from O +glomerular O +damage O +produced O +by O +PAN B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +latter O +was O +characterized O +by O +a O +pronounced O +increase O +in O +protein O +excretion O +, O +especially O +proteins O +with O +molecular O +weight O +greater O +than O +40 O +, O +000 O +Da O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast O +, O +protein O +excretion O +in O +tubular O +damage O +was O +raised O +only O +slightly O +and O +characterized O +by O +excretion O +of O +proteins O +of O +a O +wide O +range O +of O +molecular O +weights O +. O + +aps B-category +Proximal O +tubular O +damage O +caused O +by O +HCBD B-Chemical +and O +papillary O +damage O +caused O +by O +BEA B-Chemical +were O +distinguished O +both O +by O +conventional O +urinalysis O +( O +volume O +and O +specific O +gravity O +) O +and O +by O +measurement O +of O +the O +two O +urinary O +enzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +Alkaline O +phosphatase O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +were O +markedly O +and O +transiently O +elevated O +in O +proximal O +tubular O +damage O +and O +N O +- O +acetyl O +- O +beta O +- O +glucosaminidase O +showed O +a O +sustained O +elevation O +in O +papillary O +damage O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +both O +selective O +urinary O +enzymes O +and O +the O +molecular O +weight O +pattern O +of O +urinary O +proteins O +can O +be O +used O +to O +provide O +diagnostic O +information O +about O +the O +possible O +site O +of O +renal O +damage O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +catch O +in O +the O +Reye O +. O + +aps B-category +Twenty O +- O +six O +cases O +of O +Reye O +syndrome O +from O +The O +Children O +' O +s O +Hospital O +, O +Camperdown O +, O +Australia O +, O +occurring O +between O +1973 O +and O +1982 O +were O +reviewed O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +these O +, O +20 O +cases O +met O +the O +US O +Public O +Health O +Service O +Centers O +for O +Disease O +Control O +criteria O +for O +the O +diagnosis O +of O +Reye O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +Aspirin B-Chemical +or O +salicylate B-Chemical +ingestion O +had O +occurred O +in O +only O +one O +of O +the O +20 O +cases O +( O +5 O +% O +) O +, O +and O +paracetamol B-Chemical +( O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +) O +had O +been O +administered O +in O +only O +six O +of O +the O +cases O +( O +30 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Pathologic O +confirmation O +of O +the O +diagnosis O +of O +Reye O +syndrome O +was O +accomplished O +in O +90 O +% O +of O +the O +cases O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +Reye O +syndrome O +in O +New O +South O +Wales O +, O +Australia O +, O +is O +estimated O +from O +this O +study O +to O +be O +approximately O +nine O +cases O +per O +1 O +million O +children O +compared O +with O +recent O +US O +data O +of O +ten O +to O +20 O +cases O +per O +1 O +million O +children O +and O +three O +to O +seven O +cases O +per O +1 O +million O +children O +in O +Great O +Britain O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mortality O +for O +these O +Reye O +syndrome O +cases O +in O +Australia O +was O +45 O +% O +as O +compared O +with O +a O +32 O +% O +case O +- O +fatality O +rate O +in O +the O +United O +States O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +Australia O +, O +the O +pediatric O +usage O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +has O +been O +extremely O +low O +for O +the O +past O +25 O +years O +( O +less O +than O +1 O +% O +of O +total O +dosage O +units O +sold O +) O +, O +with O +paracetamol B-Chemical +( O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +) O +dominating O +the O +pediatric O +analgesic O +and O +antipyretic O +market O +. O + +aps B-category +Reye O +syndrome O +may O +be O +disappearing O +from O +Australia O +despite O +a O +total O +lack O +of O +association O +with O +salicylates B-Chemical +or O +aspirin B-Chemical +ingestion O +, O +since O +there O +were O +no O +cases O +found O +at O +The O +Children O +' O +s O +Hospital O +in O +1983 O +, O +1984 O +, O +or O +1985 O +. O + +aps B-category +Postpartum O +psychosis O +induced O +by O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +multigravida O +patients O +with O +no O +prior O +psychiatric O +history O +were O +seen O +with O +postpartum O +psychosis O +, O +having O +received O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +for O +inhibition O +of O +lactation O +. O + +aps B-category +Bromocriptine B-Chemical +given O +in O +high O +doses O +has O +been O +associated O +with O +psychosis O +in O +patients O +receiving O +the O +drug O +for O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +cases O +demonstrate O +that O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +may O +cause O +psychosis O +even O +when O +given O +in O +low O +doses O +. O + +aps B-category +Hyperglycemic O +acidotic O +coma O +and O +death O +in O +Kearns O +- O +Sayre O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +paper O +presents O +the O +clinical O +and O +metabolic O +findings O +in O +two O +young O +boys O +with O +long O +- O +standing O +Kearns O +- O +Sayre O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +short O +exposure O +to O +oral O +prednisone B-Chemical +, O +both O +boys O +developed O +lethargy O +, O +increasing O +somnolence O +, O +polydipsia O +, O +polyphagia O +, O +and O +polyuria O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +presented O +in O +the O +emergency O +room O +with O +profound O +coma O +, O +hypotension O +, O +severe O +hyperglycemia O +, O +and O +acidosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Nonketotic O +lactic O +acidosis O +was O +present O +in O +one O +and O +ketosis O +without O +a O +known O +serum O +lactate B-Chemical +level O +was O +present O +in O +the O +other O +. O + +aps B-category +Respiratory O +failure O +rapidly O +ensued O +and O +both O +patients O +expired O +in O +spite O +of O +efforts O +at O +resuscitation O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +believe O +these O +two O +cases O +represent O +a O +newly O +described O +and O +catastrophic O +metabolic O +- O +endocrine O +failure O +in O +the O +Kearns O +- O +Sayre O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +Experimental O +cyclosporine B-Chemical +nephrotoxicity O +: O +risk O +of O +concomitant O +chemotherapy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +cyclosporine B-Chemical +( O +CSA B-Chemical +) O +alone O +or O +in O +combination O +with O +various O +chemotherapeutics O +in O +the O +development O +of O +renal O +toxicity O +was O +evaluated O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +20 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +/ O +day O +CSA B-Chemical +for O +4 O +weeks O +caused O +renal O +functional O +and O +structural O +changes O +similar O +to O +those O +reported O +in O +man O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +has O +been O +proposed O +that O +modest O +changes O +in O +plasma O +potassium B-Chemical +can O +alter O +the O +tendency O +towards O +cardiac O +arrhythmias O +. O + +aps B-category +If O +this O +were O +so O +, O +patients O +with O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +might O +be O +especially O +susceptible O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +myocardial O +electrical O +excitability O +was O +measured O +in O +patients O +with O +mild O +essential O +hypertension O +and O +known O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +after O +8 O +weeks O +of O +treatment O +with O +a O +potassium B-Chemical +- O +conserving O +diuretic O +( O +amiloride B-Chemical +) O +and O +a O +similar O +period O +on O +a O +potassium B-Chemical +- O +losing O +diuretic O +( O +chlorthalidone B-Chemical +) O +in O +a O +randomised O +study O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +the O +novel O +compound O +aniracetam B-Chemical +( O +Ro B-Chemical +13 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5057 I-Chemical +) O +upon O +impaired O +learning O +and O +memory O +in O +rodents O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +indicate O +that O +aniracetam B-Chemical +improves O +cognitive O +functions O +which O +are O +impaired O +by O +different O +procedure O +and O +in O +different O +phases O +of O +the O +learning O +and O +memory O +process O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +on O +gross O +behavioural O +changes O +produced O +by O +carbachol B-Chemical +and O +eserine B-Chemical +in O +cats O +. 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O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +mydriasis O +, O +tremor O +and O +clonic O +- O +tonic O +convulsions O +evoked O +by O +carbachol B-Chemical +and O +eserine B-Chemical +were O +not O +significantly O +changed O +by O +calcium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +apparent O +that O +calcium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +can O +" O +dissociate O +" O +vocalization O +and O +fighting O +from O +autonomic O +and O +motor O +phenomena O +such O +as O +mydriasis O +, O +tremor O +and O +clonic O +- O +tonic O +convulsions O +caused O +by O +carbachol B-Chemical +and O +eserine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +inhibited O +the O +vocalization O +and O +fighting O +produced O +by O +carbachol B-Chemical +and O +eserine B-Chemical +most O +probably O +by O +a O +nonspecific O +stabilizing O +action O +on O +central O +muscarinic O +cholinoceptive O +sites O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Corresponding O +figures O +for O +whole O +body O +K B-Chemical +were O +4107 O ++ O +/ O +- O +208 O +, O +3722 O ++ O +/ O +- O +319 O +, O +3628 O ++ O +/ O +- O +257 O +, O +3551 O ++ O +/ O +- O +336 O +, O +and O +3269 O ++ O +/ O +- O +380 O +mEq O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +13 O +patients O +we O +observed O +the O +effects O +of O +HCTZ B-Chemical +therapy O +( O +100 O +mg O +daily O +) O +on O +the O +occurrence O +of O +PVC O +' O +s O +during O +rest O +as O +well O +as O +during O +static O +and O +dynamic O +exercise O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +rest O +we O +observed O +0 O +. O +6 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +08 O +PVC O +beats O +/ O +min O ++ O +/ O +- O +SEM O +and O +during O +static O +and O +dynamic O +exercise O +0 O +. O +6 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +06 O +and O +0 O +. O +8 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +15 O +, O +respectively O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Clinically O +reversible O +veno O +- O +occlusive O +disease O +of O +the O +liver O +developed O +in O +a O +23 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +man O +with O +acute O +lymphocytic O +leukemia O +after O +10 O +months O +of O +maintenance O +therapy O +with O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thioguanine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Serial O +liver O +biopsies O +showed O +the O +development O +and O +resolution O +of O +intense O +sinusoidal O +engorgement O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +this O +disease O +was O +clinically O +reversible O +, O +some O +subintimal O +fibrosis O +about O +the O +terminal O +hepatic O +veins O +persisted O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Intraventricular O +infusion O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +sufficient O +to O +raise O +the O +brain O +dopamine B-Chemical +to O +the O +same O +extent O +did O +not O +prevent O +the O +ammonia B-Chemical +coma O +nor O +affect O +the O +blood O +and O +brain O +ammonia B-Chemical +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +Bilateral O +nephrectomy O +eliminated O +the O +beneficial O +effect O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +on O +blood O +and O +brain O +ammonia B-Chemical +and O +the O +ammonia B-Chemical +coma O +was O +not O +prevented O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +the O +reduction O +in O +blood O +and O +brain O +ammonia B-Chemical +and O +the O +prevention O +of O +ammonia B-Chemical +coma O +after O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +, O +can O +be O +accounted O +for O +by O +the O +peripheral O +effect O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +on O +renal O +function O +rather O +than O +its O +central O +action O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +patient O +developed O +a O +severe O +cholinergic O +syndrome O +from O +the O +use O +of O +echothiophate B-Chemical +iodide I-Chemical +ophthalmic O +drops O +, O +presented O +with O +profound O +muscle O +weakness O +and O +was O +initially O +given O +the O +diagnosis O +of O +myasthenia O +gravis O +. O + +aps B-category +Red O +blood O +cell O +and O +serum O +cholinesterase O +levels O +were O +severely O +depressed O +and O +symptoms O +resolved O +spontaneously O +following O +discontinuation O +of O +the O +eye O +drops O +. O + +aps B-category +Seizure O +after O +flumazenil B-Chemical +administration O +in O +a O +pediatric O +patient O +. O + +aps B-category +Flumazenil B-Chemical +is O +a O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +receptor O +antagonist O +used O +to O +reverse O +sedation O +and O +respiratory O +depression O +induced O +by O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Seizures O +and O +cardiac O +arrhythmias O +have O +complicated O +its O +use O +in O +adult O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Overdose O +patients O +who O +have O +coingested O +tricyclic O +antidepressants O +have O +a O +higher O +risk O +of O +these O +complications O +. O + +aps B-category +Little O +information O +exists O +concerning O +adverse O +effects O +of O +flumazenil B-Chemical +in O +children O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +the O +occurrence O +of O +a O +generalized O +tonic O +- O +clonic O +seizure O +in O +a O +pediatric O +patient O +following O +the O +administration O +of O +flumazenil B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Phase O +I O +trial O +of O +13 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cis I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +retinoic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +in O +children O +with O +neuroblastoma O +following O +bone O +marrow O +transplantation O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Three O +complete O +responses O +were O +observed O +in O +marrow O +metastases O +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +levels O +of O +7 O +. O +4 O ++ O +/ O +- O +3 O +. O +0 O +mumol O +/ O +L O +( O +peak O +) O +and O +4 O +. O +0 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +8 O +mumol O +/ O +L O +( O +trough O +) O +at O +the O +MTD O +were O +maintained O +during O +14 O +days O +of O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +DLT O +correlated O +with O +serum O +levels O +> O +or O += O +10 O +mumol O +/ O +L O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +The O +MTD O +of O +cis B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +RA I-Chemical +given O +on O +this O +intermittent O +schedule O +was O +160 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +/ O +d O +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +levels O +known O +to O +be O +effective O +against O +neuroblastoma O +in O +vitro O +were O +achieved O +at O +this O +dose O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +8 O +and O +6 O +years O +since O +the O +transplants O +( O +representing O +8 O +and O +4 O +years O +since O +cessation O +of O +all O +immunosuppressive O +therapy O +, O +respectively O +) O +, O +the O +RA O +in O +each O +case O +has O +been O +completely O +quiescent O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +short O +term O +remission O +of O +severe O +RA O +following O +BMT O +has O +been O +reported O +, O +these O +are O +the O +first O +cases O +for O +which O +prolonged O +followup O +has O +been O +available O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +experience O +raises O +the O +question O +of O +the O +role O +of O +BMT O +itself O +as O +a O +therapeutic O +option O +for O +patients O +with O +uncontrolled O +destructive O +synovitis O +. O + +aps B-category +Seizures O +induced O +by O +combined O +levomepromazine B-Chemical +- O +fluvoxamine B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +a O +case O +of O +combined O +levomepromazine B-Chemical +- O +fluvoxamine B-Chemical +treatment O +- O +induced O +seizures O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +seems O +that O +combined O +treatment O +of O +fluvoxamine B-Chemical +with O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +may O +possess O +proconvulsive O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Case O +report O +: O +pentamidine B-Chemical +and O +polymorphic O +ventricular O +tachycardia O +revisited O +. O + +aps B-category +Pentamidine B-Chemical +isethionate I-Chemical +has O +been O +associated O +with O +ventricular O +tachyarrhythmias O +, O +including O +torsade O +de O +pointes O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +article O +reports O +two O +cases O +of O +this O +complication O +and O +reviews O +all O +reported O +cases O +to O +date O +. O + +aps B-category +Pentamidine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +torsade O +de O +pointes O +may O +be O +related O +to O +serum O +magnesium B-Chemical +levels O +and O +hypomagnesemia O +may O +synergistically O +induce O +torsade O +. O + +aps B-category +Torsade O +de O +pointes O +occurred O +after O +an O +average O +of O +10 O +days O +of O +treatment O +with O +pentamidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +these O +patients O +, O +no O +other O +acute O +side O +effects O +of O +pentamidine B-Chemical +were O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +Torsade O +de O +pointes O +can O +be O +treated O +when O +recognized O +early O +, O +possibly O +without O +discontinuation O +of O +pentamidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +When O +QTc O +interval O +prolongation O +is O +observed O +, O +early O +magnesium B-Chemical +supplementation O +is O +advocated O +. O + +aps B-category +Efficacy O +and O +tolerability O +of O +lovastatin B-Chemical +in O +3390 O +women O +with O +moderate O +hypercholesterolemia O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +evaluate O +the O +efficacy O +and O +safety O +of O +lovastatin B-Chemical +in O +women O +with O +moderate O +hypercholesterolemia O +. O + +aps B-category +DESIGN O +: O +The O +Expanded O +Clinical O +Evaluation O +of O +Lovastatin B-Chemical +( O +EXCEL O +) O +Study O +, O +a O +multicenter O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +, O +diet O +- O +and O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +trial O +, O +in O +which O +participants O +were O +randomly O +assigned O +to O +receive O +placebo O +or O +lovastatin B-Chemical +at O +doses O +of O +20 O +or O +40 O +mg O +once O +daily O +, O +or O +20 O +or O +40 O +mg O +twice O +daily O +for O +48 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +SETTING O +: O +Ambulatory O +patients O +recruited O +by O +362 O +participating O +centers O +throughout O +the O +United O +States O +. O + +aps B-category +PATIENTS O +: O +Women O +( O +n O += O +3390 O +) O +from O +the O +total O +cohort O +of O +8245 O +volunteers O +. O + +aps B-category +MEASUREMENTS O +: O +Plasma O +total O +, O +low O +- O +density O +lipoprotein O +( O +LDL O +) O +, O +and O +high O +- O +density O +lipoprotein O +( O +HDL O +) O +cholesterol B-Chemical +, O +and O +triglycerides B-Chemical +; O +and O +laboratory O +and O +clinical O +evidence O +of O +adverse O +events O +monitored O +periodically O +throughout O +the O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Among O +women O +, O +lovastatin B-Chemical +( O +20 O +to O +80 O +mg O +/ O +d O +) O +produced O +sustained O +( O +12 O +- O +to O +48 O +- O +week O +) O +, O +dose O +- O +related O +changes O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +: O +decreases O +in O +LDL O +cholesterol B-Chemical +( O +24 O +% O +to O +40 O +% O +) O +and O +triglycerides B-Chemical +( O +9 O +% O +to O +18 O +% O +) O +, O +and O +increases O +in O +HDL O +cholesterol B-Chemical +( O +6 O +. O +7 O +% O +to O +8 O +. O +6 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Depending O +on O +the O +dose O +, O +from O +82 O +% O +to O +95 O +% O +of O +lovastatin B-Chemical +- O +treated O +women O +achieved O +the O +National O +Cholesterol B-Chemical +Education O +Program O +goal O +of O +LDL O +cholesterol B-Chemical +levels O +less O +than O +4 O +. O +14 O +mmol O +/ O +L O +( O +160 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +) O +, O +and O +40 O +% O +to O +87 O +% O +achieved O +the O +goal O +of O +3 O +. O +36 O +mmol O +/ O +L O +( O +130 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Successive O +transaminase O +elevations O +greater O +than O +three O +times O +the O +upper O +limit O +of O +normal O +occurred O +in O +0 O +. O +1 O +% O +of O +women O +and O +were O +dose O +dependent O +above O +the O +20 O +- O +mg O +dose O +. O + +aps B-category +Myopathy O +, O +defined O +as O +muscle O +symptoms O +with O +creatine B-Chemical +kinase O +elevations O +greater O +than O +10 O +times O +the O +upper O +limit O +of O +normal O +, O +was O +rare O +and O +associated O +with O +the O +highest O +recommended O +daily O +dose O +of O +lovastatin B-Chemical +( O +80 O +mg O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Estrogen O +- O +replacement O +therapy O +appeared O +to O +have O +no O +effect O +on O +either O +the O +efficacy O +or O +safety O +profile O +of O +lovastatin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Lovastatin B-Chemical +is O +highly O +effective O +and O +generally O +well O +tolerated O +as O +therapy O +for O +primary O +hypercholesterolemia O +in O +women O +. O + +aps B-category +Tetany O +and O +rhabdomyolysis O +due O +to O +surreptitious O +furosemide B-Chemical +- O +- O +importance O +of O +magnesium B-Chemical +supplementation O +. O + +aps B-category +Diuretics O +may O +induce O +hypokalemia O +, O +hypocalcemia O +and O +hypomagnesemia O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +severe O +hypokalemia O +may O +cause O +muscle O +weakness O +, O +severe O +hypomagnesemia O +is O +associated O +with O +muscle O +spasms O +and O +tetany O +which O +cannot O +be O +corrected O +by O +potassium B-Chemical +and O +calcium B-Chemical +supplementation O +alone O +( O +1 O +, O +2 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Surreptitious O +diuretic O +ingestion O +has O +been O +described O +, O +mainly O +in O +women O +who O +are O +concerned O +that O +they O +are O +obese O +or O +edematous O +. O + +aps B-category +Symptomatic O +hypokalemia O +has O +been O +reported O +in O +such O +patients O +( O +3 O +- O +7 O +) O +and O +in O +one O +case O +hypocalcemia O +was O +observed O +( O +8 O +) O +, O +but O +the O +effects O +of O +magnesium B-Chemical +depletion O +were O +not O +noted O +in O +these O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Ciprofloxacin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephrotoxicity O +in O +patients O +with O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +Nephrotoxicity O +associated O +with O +ciprofloxacin B-Chemical +is O +uncommon O +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +patients O +with O +cancer O +who O +developed O +acute O +renal O +failure O +that O +followed O +treatment O +with O +ciprofloxacin B-Chemical +are O +described O +and O +an O +additional O +15 O +cases O +reported O +in O +the O +literature O +are O +reviewed O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +than O +elevation O +of O +serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +levels O +, O +characteristic O +clinical O +manifestations O +and O +abnormal O +laboratory O +findings O +are O +not O +frequently O +present O +. O + +aps B-category +Allergic O +interstitial O +nephritis O +is O +believed O +to O +be O +the O +underlying O +pathological O +- O +process O +. O + +aps B-category +Definitive O +diagnosis O +requires O +performance O +of O +renal O +biopsy O +, O +although O +this O +is O +not O +always O +feasible O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +improvement O +in O +renal O +function O +that O +followed O +the O +discontinuation O +of O +the O +offending O +antibiotic O +supports O +the O +presumptive O +diagnosis O +of O +ciprofloxacin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +acute O +renal O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +Venous O +complications O +of O +midazolam B-Chemical +versus O +diazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +some O +studies O +have O +suggested O +fewer O +venous O +complications O +are O +associated O +with O +midazolam B-Chemical +than O +with O +diazepam B-Chemical +for O +endoscopic O +procedures O +, O +this O +variable O +has O +not O +been O +well O +documented O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +prospectively O +evaluated O +the O +incidence O +of O +venous O +complications O +after O +intravenous O +injection O +of O +diazepam B-Chemical +or O +midazolam B-Chemical +in O +122 O +consecutive O +patients O +undergoing O +colonoscopy O +and O +esophagogastroduodenoscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +Overall O +, O +venous O +complications O +were O +more O +frequent O +with O +diazepam B-Chemical +( O +22 O +of O +62 O +patients O +) O +than O +with O +midazolam B-Chemical +( O +4 O +of O +60 O +patients O +) O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +palpable O +venous O +cord O +was O +present O +in O +23 O +% O +( O +14 O +of O +62 O +) O +of O +patients O +in O +the O +diazepam B-Chemical +group O +, O +compared O +with O +2 O +% O +( O +1 O +of O +60 O +patients O +) O +in O +the O +midazolam B-Chemical +group O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +002 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Pain O +at O +the O +injection O +site O +occurred O +in O +35 O +% O +( O +22 O +of O +62 O +) O +of O +patients O +in O +the O +diazepam B-Chemical +group O +compared O +with O +7 O +% O +( O +4 O +of O +60 O +patients O +) O +in O +the O +midazolam B-Chemical +group O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Swelling O +and O +warmth O +at O +the O +injection O +site O +were O +not O +significantly O +different O +between O +the O +two O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Smoking O +, O +nonsteroidal O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +drug O +use O +, O +intravenous O +catheter O +site O +, O +dwell O +time O +of O +the O +needle O +, O +alcohol B-Chemical +use O +, O +and O +pain O +during O +the O +injection O +had O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +incidence O +of O +venous O +complications O +. O + +aps B-category +Clarithromycin B-Chemical +- O +associated O +visual O +hallucinations O +in O +a O +patient O +with O +chronic O +renal O +failure O +on O +continuous O +ambulatory O +peritoneal O +dialysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Visual O +hallucinations O +are O +a O +rare O +event O +in O +chronic O +renal O +failure O +and O +not O +related O +to O +uremia O +per O +se O +. O + +aps B-category +Unreported O +in O +the O +literature O +is O +visual O +hallucinations O +occurring O +in O +association O +with O +the O +new O +macrolide B-Chemical +antibiotic O +, O +clarithromycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +such O +a O +case O +in O +a O +patient O +with O +end O +- O +stage O +renal O +disease O +( O +ESRD O +) O +maintained O +on O +continuous O +ambulatory O +peritoneal O +dialysis O +( O +CAPD O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +combination O +of O +a O +relatively O +high O +dose O +of O +clarithromycin B-Chemical +in O +face O +of O +chronic O +renal O +failure O +in O +a O +functionally O +anephric O +patient O +, O +with O +underlying O +aluminum B-Chemical +intoxication O +, O +may O +have O +facilitated O +the O +appearance O +of O +this O +neurotoxic O +side O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +important O +to O +understand O +the O +pharmacokinetics O +of O +medications O +in O +face O +of O +chronic O +renal O +failure O +, O +the O +possibility O +of O +drug O +interactions O +, O +and O +how O +these O +factors O +should O +help O +guide O +medication O +therapy O +in O +the O +ESRD O +patient O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +peroxisomes O +in O +preneoplastic O +liver O +and O +hepatoma O +of O +mice O +induced O +by O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +benzene I-Chemical +hexachloride I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Peroxisomes O +in O +hepatomas O +and O +hyperplastic O +preneoplastic O +liver O +lesions O +induced O +in O +mice O +by O +500 O +ppm O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +benzene I-Chemical +hexachloride I-Chemical +were O +examined O +histochemically O +and O +electron O +microscopically O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +most O +of O +the O +hepatomas O +were O +well O +- O +differentiated O +tumors O +and O +contained O +a O +considerable O +number O +of O +peroxisomes O +, O +the O +tumor O +cells O +did O +not O +respond O +to O +ethyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +p I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +chlorophenoxyisobutyrate I-Chemical +with O +proliferation O +of O +peroxisomes O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +the O +16th O +week O +of O +carcinogen O +feeding O +, O +hyperplastic O +nodules O +appeared O +and O +advanced O +to O +further O +stages O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +majority O +of O +the O +nodules O +showed O +a O +considerable O +number O +of O +peroxisomes O +and O +the O +inductive O +proliferation O +of O +peroxisomes O +. O + +aps B-category +Within O +the O +nodules O +, O +foci O +of O +proliferation O +of O +the O +cells O +that O +showed O +no O +inducibility O +of O +proliferation O +of O +peroxisomes O +appeared O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +cells O +proliferated O +further O +, O +replacing O +the O +most O +part O +of O +the O +nodules O +, O +and O +with O +this O +process O +hepatomas O +appeared O +to O +have O +been O +formed O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +abnormal O +matrical O +inclusions O +of O +peroxisomes O +were O +formed O +in O +the O +cells O +of O +hyperplastic O +nodules O +by O +ethyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +p I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +chlorophenoxyisobutyrate I-Chemical +unlike O +in O +the O +case O +of O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Contribution O +of O +the O +sympathetic O +nervous O +system O +to O +salt O +- O +sensitivity O +in O +lifetime O +captopril B-Chemical +- O +treated O +spontaneously O +hypertensive O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +test O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +, O +in O +lifetime O +captopril B-Chemical +- O +treated O +spontaneously O +hypertensive O +rats O +( O +SHR O +) O +, O +the O +sympathetic O +nervous O +system O +contributes O +importantly O +to O +the O +hypertensive O +effect O +of O +dietary B-Chemical +sodium I-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +supplementation O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Male O +SHR O +( O +aged O +6 O +weeks O +) O +that O +had O +been O +treated O +from O +conception O +onward O +with O +either O +captopril B-Chemical +or O +vehicle O +remained O +on O +a O +basal O +sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +diet O +or O +were O +fed O +a O +high O +sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +diet O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +2 O +weeks O +, O +the O +rats O +were O +subjected O +to O +ganglionic O +blockade O +and O +2 O +days O +later O +, O +an O +infusion O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Lifetime O +captopril B-Chemical +treatment O +significantly O +lowered O +mean O +arterial O +pressure O +in O +both O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Intravenous O +infusion O +of O +the O +ganglionic O +blocker O +hexamethonium B-Chemical +resulted O +in O +a O +rapid O +decline O +in O +MAP O +that O +eliminated O +the O +dietary B-Chemical +sodium I-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +- O +induced O +increase O +in O +MAP O +in O +both O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Infusion O +of O +the O +central O +nervous O +system O +alpha2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adrenergic I-Chemical +receptor I-Chemical +agonist I-Chemical +clonidine B-Chemical +also O +resulted O +in O +a O +greater O +reduction O +in O +MAP O +in O +both O +groups O +of O +SHR O +that O +were O +fed O +the O +high O +( O +compared O +with O +the O +basal O +) O +sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +diet O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +In O +both O +lifetime O +captopril B-Chemical +- O +treated O +and O +control O +SHR O +, O +the O +sympathetic O +nervous O +system O +contributes O +to O +the O +pressor O +effects O +of O +a O +high O +sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +diet O +. O + +aps B-category +Angioedema O +associated O +with O +droperidol B-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +Angioedema O +, O +also O +known O +as O +angioneurotic O +edema O +or O +Quincke O +' O +s O +disease O +, O +is O +a O +well O +- O +demarcated O +, O +localized O +edema O +involving O +the O +subcutaneous O +tissues O +that O +may O +cause O +upper O +- O +airway O +obstruction O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Half O +- O +relaxation O +time O +was O +prolonged O +in O +both O +steroid B-Chemical +groups O +, O +and O +time O +to O +peak O +tension O +was O +longer O +with O +M B-Chemical +, O +whereas O +tetanic O +tensions O +were O +similar O +. O + +aps B-category +Steroid B-Chemical +treatment O +also O +induced O +a O +leftward O +shift O +of O +the O +force O +- O +frequency O +curve O +at O +25 O +and O +50 O +Hz O +when O +compared O +with O +saline O +treatment O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +ATPase O +staining O +of O +the O +diaphragm O +, O +scalenus O +medius O +, O +and O +gastrocnemius O +showed O +type O +IIb O +fiber O +atrophy O +in O +the O +steroid B-Chemical +groups O +and O +also O +diaphragmatic O +type O +IIa O +atrophy O +with O +T B-Chemical +, O +whereas O +histologic O +examinations O +revealed O +a O +normal O +muscular O +pattern O +with O +absence O +of O +necrosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Finally O +, O +a O +pair O +- O +fed O +( O +PF O +) O +study O +, O +performed O +in O +18 O +rats O +( O +C O +, O +T B-Chemical +, O +and O +PF O +) O +, O +showed O +that O +muscle O +atrophy O +was O +considerably O +less O +pronounced O +in O +PF O +animals O +than O +in O +T B-Chemical +- O +treated O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +( O +1 O +) O +short O +- O +term O +treatment O +with O +massive O +doses O +of O +steroids B-Chemical +induced O +severe O +respiratory O +and O +limb O +muscle O +wasting O +; O +( O +2 O +) O +both O +types O +of O +steroids B-Chemical +induced O +predominantly O +type O +IIb O +atrophy O +, O +resulting O +in O +the O +expected O +alterations O +in O +diaphragm O +contractile O +properties O +; O +( O +3 O +) O +neither O +steroid B-Chemical +caused O +muscle O +necrosis O +; O +( O +4 O +) O +type O +IIb O +atrophy O +was O +not O +caused O +by O +acute O +nutritional O +deprivation O +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +Continuous O +subcutaneous O +administration O +of O +mesna B-Chemical +to O +prevent O +ifosfamide B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hemorrhagic O +cystitis O +. O + +aps B-category +Hemorrhagic O +cystitis O +is O +a O +major O +potential O +toxicity O +of O +ifosfamide B-Chemical +that O +can O +be O +prevented O +by O +administering O +mesna B-Chemical +along O +with O +the O +cytotoxic O +agent O +. O + +aps B-category +Mesna B-Chemical +is O +generally O +administered O +by O +the O +intravenous O +route O +, O +although O +experience O +with O +oral O +delivery O +of O +the O +drug O +has O +increased O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +continuous O +subcutaneous O +administration O +of O +mesna B-Chemical +has O +the O +advantage O +of O +not O +requiring O +intravenous O +access O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +subcutaneous O +delivery O +of O +the O +neutralizing O +agent O +will O +not O +be O +associated O +with O +the O +risk O +of O +inadequate O +urinary O +mesna B-Chemical +concentrations O +, O +such O +as O +in O +a O +patient O +taking O +oral O +mesna B-Chemical +who O +experiences O +severe O +ifosfamide B-Chemical +- O +induced O +emesis O +and O +is O +unable O +to O +absorb O +the O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +Limited O +clinical O +experience O +with O +continuous O +subcutaneous O +mesna B-Chemical +administration O +suggests O +it O +is O +a O +safe O +, O +practical O +, O +and O +economic O +method O +of O +drug O +delivery O +that O +permits O +ifosfamide B-Chemical +to O +be O +administered O +successfully O +in O +the O +outpatient O +setting O +. O + +aps B-category +Leg O +and O +back O +pain O +after O +spinal O +anaesthesia O +involving O +hyperbaric O +5 O +% O +lignocaine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Fifty O +- O +four O +patients O +, O +aged O +27 O +- O +90 O +years O +, O +who O +were O +given O +lignocaine B-Chemical +5 O +% O +in O +6 O +. O +8 O +% O +glucose B-Chemical +solution O +for O +spinal O +anaesthesia O +were O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Thirteen O +of O +these O +patients O +experienced O +pain O +in O +the O +legs O +and O +/ O +or O +back O +after O +recovery O +from O +anaesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patients O +affected O +were O +younger O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +and O +the O +site O +of O +the O +dural O +puncture O +was O +higher O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +than O +those O +individuals O +without O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +of O +the O +13 O +patients O +( O +38 O +% O +) O +with O +pain O +and O +seven O +of O +the O +41 O +patients O +( O +17 O +% O +) O +without O +pain O +admitted O +to O +a O +high O +alcohol B-Chemical +intake O +, O +which O +might O +be O +a O +contributing O +factor O +. O + +aps B-category +Leg O +and O +/ O +or O +back O +pain O +is O +associated O +with O +the O +intrathecal O +use O +of O +hyperbaric O +5 O +% O +lignocaine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +use O +of O +serum O +cholinesterase O +in O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +apnoea O +. O + +aps B-category +Fifteen O +patients O +demonstrating O +unexpected O +prolonged O +apnoea O +lasting O +several O +hours O +after O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +have O +been O +treated O +by O +a O +new O +preparation O +of O +human O +serum O +cholinesterase O +. O + +aps B-category +Adequate O +spontaneous O +respiration O +was O +re O +- O +established O +in O +an O +average O +period O +of O +ten O +minutes O +after O +the O +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +12 O +patients O +biochemical O +genetic O +examinations O +confirmed O +the O +presence O +of O +an O +atypical O +serum O +cholinesterase O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +three O +patients O +none O +of O +the O +usual O +variants O +were O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +therefore O +supposed O +that O +other O +unknown O +variants O +of O +serum O +cholinesterase O +exist O +which O +cannot O +hydrolyze O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +use O +of O +serum O +cholinesterase O +in O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +apnoea O +provided O +considerable O +relief O +to O +both O +patient O +and O +anaesthetist O +. O + +aps B-category +Increased O +sulfation O +and O +decreased O +7alpha O +- O +hydroxylation O +of O +deoxycholic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +in O +ethinyl B-Chemical +estradiol I-Chemical +- O +induced O +cholestasis O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Deoxycholic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +conjugation O +, O +transport O +capacity O +, O +and O +metabolism O +were O +compared O +in O +control O +and O +ethinyl B-Chemical +estradiol I-Chemical +- O +treated O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Control O +rats O +were O +found O +to O +have O +a O +lower O +capacity O +to O +transport O +deoxycholic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +than O +taurodeoxycholic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +and O +both O +were O +decreased O +by O +ethinyl B-Chemical +estradiol I-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +[ O +24 O +- O +14C O +] O +sodium B-Chemical +deoxycholate I-Chemical +infusion O +, O +[ O +14C O +] O +biliary O +bile B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +secretion O +increased O +, O +but O +bile O +flow O +did O +not O +change O +significantly O +in O +either O +control O +or O +ethinyl B-Chemical +estradiol I-Chemical +- O +treated O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Ethinyl B-Chemical +estradiol I-Chemical +- O +treated O +animals O +excreted O +significantly O +less O +14C O +as O +taurocholic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +than O +did O +control O +animals O +, O +consistent O +with O +an O +impairment O +of O +7alpha O +- O +hydroxylation O +of O +taurodeoxycholic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Ethinyl B-Chemical +estradiol I-Chemical +treatment O +did O +not O +impair O +conjugation O +of O +deoxycholic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +but O +did O +result O +in O +an O +increase O +in O +sulfation O +of O +taurodeoxycholic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +from O +1 O +. O +5 O +% O +in O +controls O +to O +nearly O +4 O +. O +0 O +% O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +are O +consistent O +with O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +the O +rat O +has O +a O +poorer O +tolerance O +for O +deoxycholic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +than O +do O +certain O +other O +species O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +the O +rat O +converts O +deoxycholic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +a O +poor O +choleretic O +, O +to O +taurocholic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +a O +good O +choleretic O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +this O +conversion O +is O +impaired O +with O +ethinyl B-Chemical +estradiol I-Chemical +treatment O +, O +sulfation O +may O +be O +an O +important O +alternate O +pathway O +for O +excretion O +of O +this O +potentially O +harmful O +bile B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Influence O +of O +diet O +free O +of O +NAD B-Chemical +- O +precursors O +on O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +hepatotoxicity O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Recently O +, O +we O +demonstrated O +the O +hepatoprotective O +effects O +of O +nicotinic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +amide I-Chemical +, O +a O +selective O +inhibitor O +of O +poly B-Chemical +( I-Chemical +ADP I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ribose I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +polymerase O +( O +PARP O +; O +EC O +2 O +. O +4 O +. O +2 O +. O +30 O +) O +on O +mice O +suffering O +from O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +( O +AAP B-Chemical +) O +- O +hepatitis O +, O +suggesting O +that O +the O +AAP B-Chemical +- O +induced O +liver O +injury O +involves O +a O +step O +which O +depends O +on O +adenoribosylation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +study O +investigates O +the O +effects O +of O +a O +diet O +free O +of O +precursors O +of O +NAD B-Chemical +, O +the O +substrate O +on O +which O +PARP O +acts O +, O +in O +female O +NMRI O +mice O +with O +AAP B-Chemical +hepatitis O +and O +evaluates O +the O +influence O +of O +simultaneous O +ethanol B-Chemical +consumption O +in O +these O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +Liver O +injuries O +were O +quantified O +as O +serum O +activities O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +- O +oxaloacetate B-Chemical +transaminase O +( O +GOT O +) O +and O +glutamate B-Chemical +- O +pyruvate B-Chemical +transaminase O +( O +GPT O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +AAP B-Chemical +caused O +a O +117 O +- O +fold O +elevation O +of O +serum O +transaminase O +activities O +in O +mice O +kept O +on O +a O +standard O +laboratory O +diet O +, O +which O +was O +significantly O +exacerbated O +by O +ethanol B-Chemical +and O +inhibited O +by O +nicotinic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +amide I-Chemical +( O +NAA B-Chemical +) O +, O +adverse O +effects O +were O +noted O +in O +animals O +fed O +a O +diet O +free O +of O +precursors O +of O +NAD B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +these O +animals O +, O +only O +minor O +increases O +of O +serum O +transaminase O +activities O +were O +measured O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +AAP B-Chemical +, O +and O +unlike O +the O +exacerbation O +caused O +by O +ethanol B-Chemical +in O +mice O +on O +a O +standard O +diet O +, O +the O +liver O +damage O +was O +inhibited O +by O +50 O +% O +by O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +further O +64 O +% O +reduction O +of O +hepatitis O +was O +observed O +, O +when O +NAA B-Chemical +was O +given O +to O +ethanol B-Chemical +/ O +AAP B-Chemical +- O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +results O +provide O +evidence O +that O +the O +AAP B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hepatitis O +and O +its O +exacerbation O +by O +ethanol B-Chemical +can O +either O +be O +reduced O +by O +end O +- O +product O +inhibition O +of O +PARP O +by O +NAA B-Chemical +or O +by O +dietary O +depletion O +of O +the O +enzyme O +' O +s O +substrate O +NAD B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +see O +the O +main O +application O +of O +NAA B-Chemical +as O +for O +the O +combinational O +use O +in O +pharmaceutical O +preparations O +of O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +in O +order O +to O +avoid O +hepatic O +damage O +in O +patients O +treated O +with O +this O +widely O +used O +analgesic O +. O + +aps B-category +Nightmares O +and O +hallucinations O +after O +long O +- O +term O +intake O +of O +tramadol B-Chemical +combined O +with O +antidepressants O +. O + +aps B-category +Tramadol B-Chemical +is O +a O +weak O +opioid O +with O +effects O +on O +adrenergic O +and O +serotonergic O +neurotransmission O +that O +is O +used O +to O +treat O +cancer O +pain O +and O +chronic O +non O +malignant O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +drug O +was O +initiated O +in O +association O +with O +paroxetine B-Chemical +and O +dosulepine B-Chemical +hydrochloride I-Chemical +in O +a O +tetraparetic O +patient O +with O +chronic O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +Fifty O +- O +six O +days O +after O +initiation O +of O +the O +treatment O +the O +patient O +presented O +hallucinations O +that O +only O +stopped O +after O +the O +withdrawal O +of O +psycho O +- O +active O +drugs O +and O +tramadol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +case O +report O +questions O +the O +long O +term O +use O +of O +pain O +killers O +combined O +with O +psycho O +- O +active O +drugs O +in O +chronic O +non O +malignant O +pain O +, O +especially O +if O +pain O +is O +under O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +and O +4 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminopyridine I-Chemical +therapy O +on O +desipramine B-Chemical +toxicity O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Hypotension O +is O +a O +major O +contributor O +to O +mortality O +in O +tricyclic O +antidepressant O +overdose O +. O + +aps B-category +Recent O +data O +suggest O +that O +tricyclic O +antidepressants O +inhibit O +calcium B-Chemical +influx O +in O +some O +tissues O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +addressed O +the O +potential O +role O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +channel O +blockade O +in O +tricyclic O +antidepressant O +- O +induced O +hypotension O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Two O +interventions O +were O +studied O +that O +have O +been O +shown O +previously O +to O +improve O +blood O +pressure O +with O +calcium B-Chemical +channel O +blocker O +overdose O +. O + +aps B-category +CaCl2 B-Chemical +and O +4 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminopyridine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Anesthetized O +rats O +received O +the O +tricyclic O +antidepressant O +desipramine B-Chemical +IP O +to O +produce O +hypotension O +, O +QRS O +prolongation O +, O +and O +bradycardia O +. O + +aps B-category +Fifteen O +min O +later O +, O +animals O +received O +CaCl2 B-Chemical +, O +NaHCO3 B-Chemical +, O +or O +saline O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +second O +experiment O +, O +rats O +received O +tricyclic O +antidepressant O +desipramine B-Chemical +IP O +followed O +in O +15 O +min O +by O +4 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminopyridine I-Chemical +or O +saline O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +NaHCO3 B-Chemical +briefly O +( O +5 O +min O +) O +reversed O +hypotension O +and O +QRS O +prolongation O +. O + +aps B-category +CaCl2 B-Chemical +and O +4 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminopyridine I-Chemical +failed O +to O +improve O +blood O +pressure O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +ventricular O +arrhythmias O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +004 O +) O +and O +seizures O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +03 O +) O +in O +the O +CaCl2 B-Chemical +group O +was O +higher O +than O +the O +other O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +The O +administration O +of O +CaCl2 B-Chemical +or O +4 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminopyridine I-Chemical +did O +not O +reverse O +tricyclic O +antidepressant O +- O +induced O +hypotension O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +CaCl2 B-Chemical +therapy O +may O +possibly O +worsen O +both O +cardiovascular O +and O +central O +nervous O +system O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +do O +not O +support O +a O +role O +for O +calcium B-Chemical +channel O +inhibition O +in O +the O +pathogenesis O +of O +tricyclic O +antidepressant O +- O +induced O +hypotension O +. O + +aps B-category +Valsartan B-Chemical +, O +a O +new O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +antagonist O +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +essential O +hypertension O +: O +a O +comparative O +study O +of O +the O +efficacy O +and O +safety O +against O +amlodipine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +compare O +the O +antihypertensive O +efficacy O +of O +a O +new O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +antagonist O +, O +valsartan B-Chemical +, O +with O +a O +reference O +therapy O +, O +amlodipine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +One O +hundred O +sixty O +- O +eight O +adult O +outpatients O +with O +mild O +to O +moderate O +hypertension O +were O +randomly O +allocated O +in O +double O +- O +blind O +fashion O +and O +equal O +number O +to O +receive O +80 O +mg O +valsartan B-Chemical +or O +5 O +mg O +amlodipine B-Chemical +for O +12 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +8 O +weeks O +of O +therapy O +, O +in O +patients O +whose O +blood O +pressure O +remained O +uncontrolled O +, O +5 O +mg O +amlodipine B-Chemical +was O +added O +to O +the O +initial O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +were O +assessed O +at O +4 O +, O +8 O +, O +and O +12 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +primary O +efficacy O +variable O +was O +change O +from O +baseline O +in O +mean O +sitting O +diastolic O +blood O +pressure O +at O +8 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +Secondary O +variables O +included O +change O +in O +sitting O +systolic O +blood O +pressure O +and O +responder O +rates O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Both O +valsartan B-Chemical +and O +amlodipine B-Chemical +were O +effective O +at O +lowering O +blood O +pressure O +at O +4 O +, O +8 O +, O +and O +12 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +Similar O +decreases O +were O +observed O +in O +both O +groups O +, O +with O +no O +statistically O +significant O +differences O +between O +the O +groups O +for O +any O +variable O +analyzed O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +the O +primary O +variable O +the O +difference O +was O +0 O +. O +5 O +mm O +Hg O +in O +favor O +of O +valsartan B-Chemical +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +68 O +; O +95 O +% O +confidence O +interval O +, O +- O +2 O +. O +7 O +to O +1 O +. O +7 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Responder O +rates O +at O +8 O +weeks O +were O +66 O +. O +7 O +% O +for O +valsartan B-Chemical +and O +60 O +. O +2 O +% O +for O +amlodipine B-Chemical +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +39 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +treatments O +were O +well O +tolerated O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +drug O +- O +related O +dependent O +edema O +was O +somewhat O +higher O +in O +the O +amlodipine B-Chemical +group O +, O +particularly O +at O +a O +dose O +of O +10 O +mg O +per O +day O +( O +2 O +. O +4 O +% O +for O +80 O +mg O +valsartan B-Chemical +; O +3 O +. O +6 O +% O +for O +5 O +mg O +amlodipine B-Chemical +; O +0 O +% O +for O +valsartan B-Chemical +plus O +5 O +mg O +amlodipine B-Chemical +; O +14 O +. O +3 O +% O +for O +10 O +mg O +amlodipine B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +The O +data O +show O +that O +valsartan B-Chemical +is O +at O +least O +as O +effective O +as O +amlodipine B-Chemical +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +mild O +to O +moderate O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +also O +show O +valsartan B-Chemical +to O +be O +well O +tolerated O +and O +suggest O +that O +it O +is O +not O +associated O +with O +side O +effects O +characteristic O +of O +this O +comparator O +class O +, O +dihydropyridine B-Chemical +calcium B-Chemical +antagonists O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +measure O +of O +pupillary O +oscillation O +as O +a O +marker O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +paranoia O +. O + +aps B-category +Cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +paranoia O +( O +CIP O +) O +remains O +an O +important O +drug O +- O +induced O +model O +of O +idiopathic O +paranoia O +for O +which O +no O +psychophysiologic O +marker O +has O +yet O +emerged O +. O + +aps B-category +Measures O +of O +pupillary O +oscillation O +were O +able O +to O +significantly O +distinguish O +a O +group O +of O +abstinent O +crack B-Chemical +cocaine I-Chemical +abusers O +endorsing O +past O +CIP O +( O +n O += O +32 O +) O +from O +another O +group O +of O +crack B-Chemical +addicts O +who O +denied O +past O +CIP O +( O +n O += O +29 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Serotonin O +syndrome O +from O +venlafaxine B-Chemical +- O +tranylcypromine B-Chemical +interaction O +. O + +aps B-category +Excessive O +stimulation O +of O +serotonin B-Chemical +5HT1A O +receptors O +causes O +a O +syndrome O +of O +serotonin B-Chemical +excess O +that O +consists O +of O +shivering O +, O +muscle O +rigidity O +, O +salivation O +, O +confusion O +, O +agitation O +and O +hyperthermia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +common O +cause O +of O +this O +syndrome O +is O +an O +interaction O +between O +a O +monoamine O +oxidase O +inhibitor O +( O +MAOI O +) O +and O +a O +specific O +serotonin B-Chemical +reuptake O +inhibitor O +. O + +aps B-category +Venlafaxine B-Chemical +is O +a O +new O +antidepressant O +agent O +that O +inhibits O +the O +reuptake O +of O +serotonin B-Chemical +and O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +a O +venlafaxine B-Chemical +- O +MAOI O +interaction O +that O +resulted O +in O +the O +serotonin O +syndrome O +in O +a O +23 O +- O +y O +- O +old O +male O +who O +was O +taking O +tranylcypromine B-Chemical +for O +depression O +. O + +aps B-category +He O +had O +been O +well O +until O +the O +morning O +of O +presentation O +when O +he O +took O +1 O +/ O +2 O +tab O +of O +venlafaxine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Within O +2 O +h O +he O +became O +confused O +with O +jerking O +movements O +of O +his O +extremities O +, O +tremors O +and O +rigidity O +. O + +aps B-category +He O +was O +brought O +directly O +to O +a O +hospital O +where O +he O +was O +found O +to O +be O +agitated O +and O +confused O +with O +shivering O +, O +myoclonic O +jerks O +, O +rigidity O +, O +salivation O +and O +diaphoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +His O +pupils O +were O +7 O +mm O +and O +sluggishly O +reactive O +to O +light O +. O + +aps B-category +Vital O +signs O +were O +: O +blood O +pressure O +120 O +/ O +67 O +mm O +Hg O +, O +heart O +rate O +127 O +/ O +min O +, O +respiratory O +rate O +28 O +/ O +min O +, O +and O +temperature O +97 O +F O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +180 O +mg O +of O +diazepam B-Chemical +i O +. O +v O +. O +he O +remained O +tremulous O +with O +muscle O +rigidity O +and O +clenched O +jaws O +. O + +aps B-category +He O +was O +intubated O +for O +airway O +protection O +and O +because O +of O +hypoventilation O +, O +and O +was O +paralyzed O +to O +control O +muscle O +rigidity O +. O + +aps B-category +His O +subsequent O +course O +was O +remarkable O +for O +non O +- O +immune O +thrombocytopenia O +which O +resolved O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +' O +s O +maximal O +temperature O +was O +101 O +. O +2 O +F O +and O +his O +CPK O +remained O +< O +500 O +units O +/ O +L O +with O +no O +other O +evidence O +of O +rhabdomyolysis O +. O + +aps B-category +His O +mental O +status O +normalized O +and O +he O +was O +transferred O +to O +a O +psychiatry O +ward O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +patient O +survived O +without O +sequelae O +due O +to O +the O +aggressive O +sedation O +and O +neuromuscular O +paralysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +associated O +bladder O +cancer O +- O +- O +a O +highly O +aggressive O +disease O +: O +analysis O +of O +12 O +cases O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +We O +gained O +knowledge O +of O +the O +etiology O +, O +treatment O +and O +prevention O +of O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +associated O +urothelial O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +MATERIALS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +The O +medical O +records O +of O +6 O +men O +and O +6 O +women O +( O +mean O +age O +55 O +years O +) O +with O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +associated O +bladder O +cancer O +were O +reviewed O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +All O +tumors O +were O +grade O +3 O +or O +4 O +transitional O +cell O +carcinoma O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +the O +5 O +patients O +initially O +treated O +with O +endoscopic O +resection O +alone O +only O +1 O +is O +alive O +without O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +the O +6 O +patients O +who O +underwent O +early O +cystectomy O +4 O +were O +alive O +at O +24 O +to O +111 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +remaining O +patient O +with O +extensive O +cancer O +underwent O +partial O +cystectomy O +for O +palliation O +and O +died O +3 O +months O +later O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +associated O +bladder O +tumor O +is O +an O +aggressive O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +long O +- O +term O +survival O +is O +possible O +when O +radical O +cystectomy O +is O +performed O +for O +bladder O +tumors O +with O +any O +sign O +of O +invasion O +and O +for O +recurrent O +high O +grade O +disease O +, O +even O +when O +noninvasive O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +phase O +I O +clinical O +study O +of O +the O +antipurine B-Chemical +antifolate O +lometrexol B-Chemical +( O +DDATHF B-Chemical +) O +given O +with O +oral O +folic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Lometrexol B-Chemical +is O +an O +antifolate O +which O +inhibits O +glycinamide B-Chemical +ribonucleotide I-Chemical +formyltransferase O +( O +GARFT O +) O +, O +an O +enzyme O +essential O +for O +de O +novo O +purine B-Chemical +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Extensive O +experimental O +and O +limited O +clinical O +data O +have O +shown O +that O +lometrexol B-Chemical +has O +activity O +against O +tumours O +which O +are O +refractory O +to O +other O +drugs O +, O +notably O +methotrexate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +initial O +clinical O +development O +of O +lometrexol B-Chemical +was O +curtailed O +because O +of O +severe O +and O +cumulative O +antiproliferative O +toxicities O +. O + +aps B-category +Preclinical O +murine O +studies O +demonstrated O +that O +the O +toxicity O +of O +lometrexol B-Chemical +can O +be O +prevented O +by O +low O +dose O +folic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +administration O +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O +for O +7 O +days O +prior O +to O +and O +7 O +days O +following O +a O +single O +bolus O +dose O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +observation O +prompted O +a O +Phase O +I O +clinical O +study O +of O +lometrexol B-Chemical +given O +with O +folic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +supplementation O +which O +has O +confirmed O +that O +the O +toxicity O +of O +lometrexol B-Chemical +can O +be O +markedly O +reduced O +by O +folic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +supplementation O +. O + +aps B-category +Thrombocytopenia O +and O +mucositis O +were O +the O +major O +toxicities O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +clear O +relationship O +between O +clinical O +toxicity O +and O +the O +extent O +of O +plasma O +folate B-Chemical +elevation O +. O + +aps B-category +Associated O +studies O +demonstrated O +that O +lometrexol B-Chemical +plasma O +pharmacokinetics O +were O +not O +altered O +by O +folic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +administration O +indicating O +that O +supplementation O +is O +unlikely O +to O +reduce O +toxicity O +by O +enhancing O +lometrexol B-Chemical +plasma O +clearance O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +work O +described O +in O +this O +report O +has O +identified O +for O +the O +first O +time O +a O +clinically O +acceptable O +schedule O +for O +the O +administration O +of O +a O +GARFT O +inhibitor O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +information O +will O +facilitate O +the O +future O +evaluation O +of O +this O +class O +of O +compounds O +in O +cancer O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Fatal O +excited O +delirium O +following O +cocaine B-Chemical +use O +: O +epidemiologic O +findings O +provide O +new O +evidence O +for O +mechanisms O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +an O +outbreak O +of O +deaths O +from O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +excited O +delirium O +( O +EDDs O +) O +in O +Dade O +County O +, O +Florida O +between O +1979 O +and O +1990 O +. O + +aps B-category +From O +a O +registry O +of O +all O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +related O +deaths O +in O +Dade O +County O +, O +Florida O +, O +from O +1969 O +- O +1990 O +, O +58 O +EDDs O +were O +compared O +with O +125 O +victims O +of O +accidental O +cocaine B-Chemical +overdose O +without O +excited O +delirium O +. O + +aps B-category +Compared O +with O +controls O +, O +EDDs O +were O +more O +frequently O +black O +, O +male O +, O +and O +younger O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +were O +less O +likely O +to O +have O +a O +low O +body O +mass O +index O +, O +and O +more O +likely O +to O +have O +died O +in O +police O +custody O +, O +to O +have O +received O +medical O +treatment O +immediately O +before O +death O +, O +to O +have O +survived O +for O +a O +longer O +period O +, O +to O +have O +developed O +hyperthermia O +, O +and O +to O +have O +died O +in O +summer O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +EDDs O +had O +concentrations O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +and O +benzoylecgonine B-Chemical +in O +autopsy O +blood O +that O +were O +similar O +to O +those O +for O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +epidemiologic O +findings O +are O +most O +consistent O +with O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +chronic O +cocaine B-Chemical +use O +disrupts O +dopaminergic O +function O +and O +, O +when O +coupled O +with O +recent O +cocaine B-Chemical +use O +, O +may O +precipitate O +agitation O +, O +delirium O +, O +aberrant O +thermoregulation O +, O +rhabdomyolysis O +, O +and O +sudden O +death O +. O + +aps B-category +Pemoline B-Chemical +induced O +acute O +choreoathetosis O +: O +case O +report O +and O +review O +of O +the O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Pemoline B-Chemical +is O +an O +oxazolidine B-Chemical +derivative O +that O +is O +structurally O +different O +from O +amphetamines B-Chemical +and O +used O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +attention O +deficit O +disorder O +. O + +aps B-category +Pemoline B-Chemical +has O +not O +been O +commonly O +associated O +in O +the O +literature O +as O +a O +cause O +of O +acute O +movement O +disorders O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +following O +case O +describes O +two O +children O +acutely O +poisoned O +with O +pemoline B-Chemical +who O +experienced O +profound O +choreoathetosis O +. O + +aps B-category +CASE O +REPORT O +: O +Two O +, O +3 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +male O +, O +identical O +twin O +siblings O +presented O +to O +the O +emergency O +department O +after O +found O +playing O +with O +a O +an O +empty O +bottle O +of O +pemoline B-Chemical +originally O +containing O +59 O +tablets O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +children O +had O +a O +medical O +history O +significant O +for O +attention O +deficit O +disorder O +previously O +treated O +with O +methylphenidate B-Chemical +without O +success O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +was O +their O +first O +day O +of O +pemoline B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +choreoathetoid O +movements O +began O +45 O +min O +to O +1 O +h O +after O +ingestion O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +children O +gave O +no O +history O +of O +prior O +movement O +disorders O +and O +there O +was O +no O +family O +history O +of O +movement O +disorders O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +children O +received O +gastrointestinal O +decontamination O +and O +high O +doses O +of O +intravenous O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +in O +an O +attempt O +to O +control O +the O +choreoathetoid O +movements O +. O + +aps B-category +Despite O +treatment O +, O +the O +children O +continued O +to O +have O +choreoathetosis O +for O +approximately O +24 O +hours O +. O + +aps B-category +Forty O +- O +eight O +hours O +after O +admission O +, O +the O +children O +appeared O +to O +be O +at O +their O +baseline O +and O +were O +discharged O +home O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Pemoline B-Chemical +associated O +movement O +disorder O +has O +been O +rarely O +reported O +in O +the O +acute O +toxicology O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +possibility O +of O +choreoathetoid O +movements O +should O +be O +considered O +in O +patients O +presenting O +after O +pemoline B-Chemical +overdose O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +myopic O +excimer O +laser O +photorefractive O +keratectomy O +on O +the O +electrophysiologic O +function O +of O +the O +retina O +and O +optic O +nerve O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +To O +assess O +by O +electrophysiologic O +testing O +the O +effect O +of O +photorefractive O +keratectomy O +( O +PRK O +) O +on O +the O +retina O +and O +optic O +nerve O +. O + +aps B-category +SETTING O +: O +Eye O +Clinic O +, O +S O +. O + +aps B-category +Salvatore O +Hospital O +, O +L O +' O +Aquila O +University O +, O +Italy O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Standard O +pattern O +electroretinograms O +( O +P O +- O +ERGs O +) O +and O +standard O +pattern O +visual O +evoked O +potentials O +( O +P O +- O +VEPs O +) O +were O +done O +in O +25 O +eyes O +of O +25 O +patients O +who O +had O +myopic O +PRK O +for O +an O +attempted O +correction O +between O +5 O +. O +00 O +and O +15 O +. O +00 O +diopters O +( O +D O +) O +( O +mean O +8 O +. O +00 O +D O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Testing O +was O +done O +preoperatively O +and O +3 O +, O +6 O +, O +12 O +, O +and O +18 O +months O +postoperatively O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +contralateral O +eyes O +served O +as O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +the O +follow O +- O +up O +, O +3 O +patients O +( O +12 O +% O +) O +developed O +steroid B-Chemical +- O +induced O +elevated O +intraocular O +pressure O +( O +IOP O +) O +that O +resolved O +after O +corticosteroid B-Chemical +therapy O +was O +discontinued O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +No O +statistically O +significant O +differences O +were O +seen O +between O +treated O +and O +control O +eyes O +nor O +between O +treated O +eyes O +preoperatively O +and O +postoperatively O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Myopic O +excimer O +laser O +PRK O +did O +not O +seem O +to O +affect O +the O +posterior O +segment O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +transient O +steroid B-Chemical +- O +induced O +IOP O +rise O +did O +not O +seem O +to O +cause O +functional O +impairment O +. O + +aps B-category +Neutrophil O +superoxide B-Chemical +and O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +production O +in O +patients O +with O +acute O +liver O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +Defects O +in O +superoxide B-Chemical +and O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +production O +may O +be O +implicated O +in O +the O +high O +incidence O +of O +bacterial O +infections O +in O +patients O +with O +acute O +liver O +failure O +( O +ALF O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +present O +study O +, O +oxygen B-Chemical +radical O +production O +in O +patients O +with O +ALF O +due O +to O +paracetamol B-Chemical +overdose O +was O +compared O +with O +that O +of O +healthy O +volunteers O +. O + +aps B-category +Neutrophils O +from O +14 O +ALF O +patients O +were O +stimulated O +via O +the O +complement O +receptors O +using O +zymosan O +opsonized O +with O +ALF O +or O +control O +serum O +. O + +aps B-category +Superoxide B-Chemical +and O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +production O +by O +ALF O +neutrophils O +stimulated O +with O +zymosan O +opsonized O +with O +ALF O +serum O +was O +significantly O +reduced O +compared O +with O +the O +control O +subjects O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +defect O +persisted O +when O +zymosan O +opsonized O +by O +control O +serum O +was O +used O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Superoxide B-Chemical +and O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +production O +in O +neutrophils O +stimulated O +with O +formyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methionyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phenylalanine I-Chemical +( O +fMLP B-Chemical +) O +from O +a O +further O +18 O +ALF O +patients O +was O +unaffected O +compared O +with O +control O +neutrophils O +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +C3 O +complement O +levels O +were O +significantly O +reduced O +in O +ALF O +patients O +compared O +with O +control O +subjects O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +0005 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +demonstrate O +a O +neutrophil O +defect O +in O +ALF O +due O +to O +paracetamol B-Chemical +overdose O +, O +that O +is O +complement O +dependent O +but O +independent O +of O +serum O +complement O +, O +possibly O +connected O +to O +the O +complement O +receptor O +. O + +aps B-category +Cholesteryl B-Chemical +hemisuccinate I-Chemical +treatment O +protects O +rodents O +from O +the O +toxic O +effects O +of O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +, O +adriamycin B-Chemical +, O +carbon B-Chemical +tetrachloride I-Chemical +, O +chloroform B-Chemical +and O +galactosamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +to O +its O +use O +as O +a O +stabilizer O +/ O +rigidifier O +of O +membranes O +, O +cholesteryl B-Chemical +hemisuccinate I-Chemical +, O +tris B-Chemical +salt I-Chemical +( O +CS B-Chemical +) O +administration O +has O +also O +been O +shown O +to O +protect O +rats O +from O +the O +hepatotoxic O +effects O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +tetrachloride I-Chemical +( O +CCl4 B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +further O +our O +understanding O +of O +the O +mechanism O +of O +CS B-Chemical +cytoprotection O +, O +we O +examined O +in O +rats O +and O +mice O +the O +protective O +abilities O +of O +CS B-Chemical +and O +the O +non O +- O +hydrolyzable O +ether O +form O +of O +CS B-Chemical +, O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cholesteryloxybutyric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +tris B-Chemical +salt I-Chemical +( O +CSE B-Chemical +) O +against O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +- O +, O +adriamycin B-Chemical +- O +, O +carbon B-Chemical +tetrachloride I-Chemical +- O +, O +chloroform B-Chemical +- O +and O +galactosamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +of O +these O +studies O +demonstrated O +that O +CS B-Chemical +- O +mediated O +protection O +is O +not O +selective O +for O +a O +particular O +species O +, O +organ O +system O +or O +toxic O +chemical O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +24 O +- O +h O +pretreatment O +of O +both O +rats O +and O +mice O +with O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +CS B-Chemical +( O +100mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +, O +resulted O +in O +significant O +protection O +against O +the O +hepatotoxic O +effects O +of O +CCl4 B-Chemical +, O +CHCl3 B-Chemical +, O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +and O +galactosamine B-Chemical +and O +against O +the O +lethal O +( O +and O +presumably O +cardiotoxic O +) O +effect O +of O +adriamycin B-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +Maximal O +CS B-Chemical +- O +mediated O +protection O +was O +observed O +in O +experimental O +animals O +pretreated O +24 O +h O +prior O +to O +the O +toxic O +insult O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +suggest O +that O +CS B-Chemical +intervenes O +in O +a O +critical O +cellular O +event O +that O +is O +an O +important O +common O +pathway O +to O +toxic O +cell O +death O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mechanism O +of O +CS B-Chemical +protection O +does O +not O +appear O +to O +be O +dependent O +on O +the O +inhibition O +of O +chemical O +bioactivation O +to O +a O +toxic O +reactive O +intermediate O +( O +in O +light O +of O +the O +protection O +observed O +against O +galactosamine B-Chemical +hepatotoxicity O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +based O +on O +the O +data O +presented O +, O +we O +can O +not O +exclude O +the O +possibility O +that O +CS B-Chemical +administration O +inhibits O +chemical O +bioactivation O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +findings O +do O +suggest O +that O +CS B-Chemical +- O +mediated O +protection O +is O +dependent O +on O +the O +action O +of O +the O +intact O +anionic O +CS B-Chemical +molecule O +( O +non O +- O +hydrolyzable O +CSE B-Chemical +was O +as O +protective O +as O +CS B-Chemical +) O +, O +whose O +mechanism O +has O +yet O +to O +be O +defined O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +murine O +model O +of O +adenomyosis O +: O +the O +effects O +of O +hyperprolactinemia O +induced O +by O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +hydrochloride I-Chemical +, O +a O +selective O +serotonin B-Chemical +reuptake O +inhibitor O +, O +on O +adenomyosis O +induction O +in O +Wistar O +albino O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +The O +aim O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +investigate O +whether O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +given O +to O +castrated O +and O +noncastrated O +rats O +caused O +hyperprolactinemia O +and O +its O +effects O +with O +respect O +to O +adenomyosis O +. O + +aps B-category +DESIGN O +: O +Fluoxetine B-Chemical +, O +a O +serotonin B-Chemical +reuptake O +inhibitor O +, O +was O +given O +to O +Wistar O +Albino O +rats O +for O +98 O +days O +to O +produce O +hyperprolactinemia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +drug O +was O +given O +to O +two O +groups O +consisting O +of O +castrated O +and O +noncastrated O +rats O +and O +compared O +to O +two O +groups O +of O +castrated O +and O +noncastrated O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +Prolactin O +levels O +were O +measured O +and O +the O +uteri O +of O +the O +rats O +were O +removed O +for O +histopathological O +analysis O +at O +the O +end O +of O +98 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +SETTING O +: O +Marmara O +University O +School O +of O +Medicine O +, O +Department O +of O +Histology O +and O +Embryology O +, O +Zeynep O +Kamil O +Women O +and O +Children O +' O +s O +Hospital O +. O + +aps B-category +MAIN O +OUTCOME O +MEASURES O +: O +Serum O +prolactin O +levels O +, O +uterine O +histopathology O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +prolactin O +levels O +of O +castrated O +and O +noncastrated O +groups O +treated O +with O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +were O +statistically O +significantly O +higher O +when O +compared O +to O +their O +respective O +control O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Histological O +studies O +revealed O +11 O +cases O +of O +adenomyosis O +, O +all O +within O +the O +noncastrated O +group O +receiving O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +It O +was O +suggested O +that O +high O +serum O +prolactin O +levels O +cause O +degeneration O +of O +myometrial O +cells O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +ovarian O +steroids B-Chemical +that O +results O +in O +a O +myometrial O +invasion O +by O +endometrial O +stroma O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +invasion O +eventually O +progresses O +to O +adenomyosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Postinfarction O +ventricular O +septal O +defect O +associated O +with O +long O +- O +term O +steroid B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +cases O +of O +postinfarction O +ventricular O +septal O +rupture O +in O +patients O +on O +long O +- O +term O +steroid B-Chemical +therapy O +are O +presented O +and O +the O +favourable O +outcome O +in O +both O +cases O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +possible O +association O +between O +steroid B-Chemical +therapy O +and O +subsequent O +postinfarction O +septal O +rupture O +is O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuroactive O +steroids B-Chemical +protect O +against O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +and O +kainic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- O +induced O +limbic O +seizures O +and O +status O +epilepticus O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Several O +structurally O +related O +metabolites O +of O +progesterone B-Chemical +( O +3 B-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxy I-Chemical +pregnane I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +20 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ones I-Chemical +) O +and O +deoxycorticosterone B-Chemical +( O +3 B-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxy I-Chemical +pregnane I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +21 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +diol I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +20 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ones I-Chemical +) O +and O +their O +3 O +beta O +- O +epimers O +were O +evaluated O +for O +protective O +activity O +against O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +, O +kainic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- O +and O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +( O +NMDA B-Chemical +) O +- O +induced O +seizures O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Steroids B-Chemical +with O +the O +3 O +- O +hydroxy O +group O +in O +the O +alpha O +- O +position O +and O +5 O +- O +H O +in O +the O +alpha O +- O +or O +beta O +- O +configurations O +were O +highly O +effective O +in O +protecting O +against O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +( O +416 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +s O +. O +c O +. O +) O +- O +induced O +limbic O +motor O +seizures O +and O +status O +epilepticus O +( O +ED50 O +values O +, O +7 O +. O +0 O +- O +18 O +. O +7 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +corresponding O +epimers O +with O +the O +3 O +- O +hydroxy O +group O +in O +the O +beta O +- O +position O +were O +also O +effective O +but O +less O +potent O +( O +ED50 O +values O +, O +33 O +. O +8 O +- O +63 O +. O +5 O +, O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +the O +neuroactive O +steroids B-Chemical +were O +considerably O +less O +potent O +than O +the O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +clonazepam B-Chemical +in O +protecting O +against O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +seizures O +, O +steroids B-Chemical +with O +the O +5 O +alpha O +, O +3 O +alpha O +- O +configuration O +had O +comparable O +or O +higher O +protective O +index O +values O +( O +TD50 O +for O +motor O +impairment O +divided O +by O +ED50 O +for O +seizure O +protection O +) O +than O +clonazepam B-Chemical +, O +indicating O +that O +some O +neuroactive O +steroids B-Chemical +may O +have O +lower O +relative O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Steroids B-Chemical +with O +the O +5 O +alpha O +, O +3 O +alpha O +- O +or O +5 O +beta O +, O +3 O +alpha O +- O +configurations O +also O +produced O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +delay O +in O +the O +onset O +of O +limbic O +seizures O +induced O +by O +kainic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +32 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +s O +. O +c O +. O +) O +, O +but O +did O +not O +completely O +protect O +against O +the O +seizures O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +when O +a O +second O +dose O +of O +the O +steroid B-Chemical +was O +administered O +1 O +hr O +after O +the O +first O +dose O +, O +complete O +protection O +from O +the O +kainic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- O +induced O +limbic O +seizures O +and O +status O +epilepticus O +was O +obtained O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +steroids B-Chemical +also O +caused O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +delay O +in O +NMDA B-Chemical +( O +257 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +s O +. O +c O +. O +) O +- O +induced O +lethality O +, O +but O +did O +not O +completely O +protect O +against O +NMDA B-Chemical +seizures O +or O +lethality O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +neuroactive O +steroids B-Chemical +are O +highly O +effective O +in O +protecting O +against O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +and O +kainic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- O +induced O +seizures O +and O +status O +epilepticus O +in O +mice O +, O +and O +may O +be O +of O +utility O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +some O +forms O +of O +status O +epilepticus O +in O +humans O +. O + +aps B-category +Hepatic O +and O +extrahepatic O +angiotensinogen O +gene O +expression O +in O +rats O +with O +acute O +nephrotic O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +concentration O +and O +urine O +excretion O +of O +the O +renin O +- O +angiotensin B-Chemical +system O +proteins O +are O +altered O +in O +rats O +with O +nephrotic O +syndrome O +( O +NS O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +work O +the O +messenger O +ribonucleic O +acid O +( O +mRNA O +) O +levels O +of O +angiotensinogen O +( O +Ao O +) O +were O +analyzed O +with O +the O +slot O +- O +blot O +hybridization O +technique O +in O +liver O +and O +other O +extrahepatic O +tissues O +: O +kidney O +, O +heart O +, O +brain O +, O +and O +adrenal O +gland O +from O +control O +, O +nephrotic O +, O +and O +pair O +- O +fed O +( O +PF O +) O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +NS O +was O +induced O +by O +a O +single O +injection O +of O +puromycin B-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nucleoside I-Chemical +( O +PAN B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +a O +great O +urinary O +excretion O +and O +half O +- O +normal O +plasma O +levels O +of O +Ao O +were O +observed O +on O +day O +6 O +after O +PAN B-Chemical +injection O +, O +when O +NS O +was O +clearly O +established O +, O +hepatic O +Ao O +mRNA O +levels O +did O +not O +change O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +the O +Ao O +mRNA O +levels O +did O +not O +change O +in O +any O +of O +the O +extrahepatic O +tissues O +studied O +on O +day O +6 O +, O +nor O +did O +its O +hepatic O +levels O +at O +days O +1 O +, O +3 O +, O +5 O +, O +or O +7 O +after O +PAN B-Chemical +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +suggest O +that O +the O +hepatic O +and O +extrahepatic O +Ao O +mRNA O +levels O +are O +unaltered O +during O +the O +development O +of O +the O +acute O +NS O +induced O +by O +PAN B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Neuroleptic O +malignant O +syndrome O +with O +risperidone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Neuroleptic O +malignant O +syndrome O +is O +thought O +to O +be O +a O +result O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +D2 O +receptor O +blockade O +in O +the O +striatum O +of O +the O +basal O +ganglia O +. O + +aps B-category +Risperidone B-Chemical +, O +a O +benzisoxazole B-Chemical +derivative O +antipsychotic O +, O +has O +high O +serotonin B-Chemical +5 O +- O +HT2 O +receptor O +blockade O +and O +dose O +- O +related O +D2 O +receptor O +blockade O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +high O +ratio O +is O +believed O +to O +impart O +the O +low O +frequency O +of O +extrapyramidal O +symptoms O +with O +risperidone B-Chemical +at O +low O +dosages O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +this O +low O +frequency O +of O +extrapyramidal O +symptoms O +, O +it O +was O +thought O +the O +frequency O +of O +neuroleptic O +malignant O +syndrome O +might O +also O +be O +lowered O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +73 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +developed O +neuroleptic O +malignant O +syndrome O +after O +monotherapy O +with O +risperidone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +syndrome O +reversed O +after O +discontinuing O +risperidone B-Chemical +and O +starting O +treatment O +with O +dantrolene B-Chemical +and O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +appears O +that O +the O +protection O +from O +extrapyramidal O +side O +effects O +observed O +with O +risperidone B-Chemical +does O +not O +ensure O +protection O +from O +neuroleptic O +malignant O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +attenuating O +effect O +of O +carteolol B-Chemical +hydrochloride I-Chemical +, O +a O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +antagonist O +, O +on O +neuroleptic O +- O +induced O +catalepsy O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +known O +that O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +antagonists O +are O +effective O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +akathisia O +, O +one O +of O +the O +extrapyramidal O +side O +effects O +that O +occur O +during O +neuroleptic O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuroleptic O +- O +induced O +catalepsy O +, O +a O +model O +of O +neuroleptic O +- O +induced O +extrapyramidal O +side O +effects O +, O +was O +considered O +suitable O +as O +a O +model O +for O +predicting O +neuroleptic O +- O +induced O +akathisia O +in O +humans O +, O +although O +neuroleptic O +- O +induced O +catalepsy O +was O +not O +considered O +a O +specific O +test O +for O +neuroleptic O +- O +induced O +akathisia O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +the O +effects O +of O +carteolol B-Chemical +, O +a O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +antagonist O +, O +on O +haloperidol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +catalepsy O +in O +rats O +were O +behaviorally O +studied O +and O +compared O +with O +those O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +and O +biperiden B-Chemical +, O +a O +muscarinic O +receptor O +antagonist O +. O + +aps B-category +Carteolol B-Chemical +, O +as O +well O +as O +propranolol B-Chemical +and O +biperiden B-Chemical +, O +inhibited O +the O +haloperidol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +catalepsy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibitory O +effect O +of O +carteolol B-Chemical +was O +almost O +comparable O +to O +that O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +but O +was O +weaker O +than O +that O +of O +biperiden B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Carteolol B-Chemical +did O +not O +evoke O +postsynaptic O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptor O +- O +stimulating O +behavioral O +signs O +such O +as O +stereotypy O +and O +hyperlocomotion O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Carteolol B-Chemical +did O +not O +antagonize O +the O +inhibitory O +effects O +of O +haloperidol B-Chemical +on O +apomorphine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +stereotypy O +and O +locomotor O +activity O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +carteolol B-Chemical +did O +not O +evoke O +5 O +- O +HT1A O +receptor O +- O +stimulating O +behavioral O +signs O +such O +as O +flat O +body O +posture O +and O +forepaw O +treading O +and O +did O +not O +inhibit O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical +- O +induced O +head O +twitch O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Finally O +, O +carteolol B-Chemical +did O +not O +inhibit O +physostigmine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +lethality O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +strongly O +suggest O +that O +carteolol B-Chemical +improves O +haloperidol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +catalepsy O +via O +its O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +antagonistic O +activity O +and O +is O +expected O +to O +be O +effective O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +akathisia O +without O +attenuating O +neuroleptic O +- O +induced O +antipsychotic O +effects O +due O +to O +its O +postsynaptic O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptor O +antagonistic O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Granulosa O +cell O +tumor O +of O +the O +ovary O +associated O +with O +antecedent O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +use O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Increased O +attention O +has O +been O +focused O +recently O +on O +the O +estrogenic O +effects O +of O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Review O +of O +the O +literature O +reveals O +an O +association O +between O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +use O +and O +gynecologic O +tumors O +. O + +aps B-category +CASE O +: O +A O +52 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +postmenopausal O +woman O +was O +treated O +with O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +for O +stage O +II O +estrogen B-Chemical +receptor O +- O +positive O +breast O +carcinoma O +. O + +aps B-category +Her O +aspartate B-Chemical +transaminase O +and O +alanine B-Chemical +transaminase O +levels O +increase O +markedly O +after O +6 O +months O +of O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +use O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +an O +additional O +17 O +months O +of O +elevated O +serum O +transaminases O +, O +the O +patient O +was O +found O +to O +have O +a O +stage O +Ic O +granulosa O +cell O +tumor O +of O +the O +ovary O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Patients O +with O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +- O +induced O +liver O +dysfunction O +may O +be O +at O +increased O +risk O +for O +granulosa O +cell O +tumors O +because O +of O +alterations O +in O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +Lifetime O +treatment O +of O +mice O +with O +azidothymidine B-Chemical +( O +AZT B-Chemical +) O +produces O +myelodysplasia O +. O + +aps B-category +AZT B-Chemical +has O +induced O +a O +macrocytic O +anemia O +in O +AIDS O +patients O +on O +long O +term O +AZT B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +generally O +assumed O +that O +DNA O +elongation O +is O +stopped O +by O +the O +insertion O +of O +AZT B-Chemical +into O +the O +chain O +in O +place O +of O +thymidine B-Chemical +thus O +preventing O +the O +phosphate B-Chemical +hydroxyl O +linkages O +and O +therefore O +suppresses O +hemopoietic O +progenitor O +cell O +proliferation O +in O +an O +early O +stage O +of O +differentiation O +. O + +aps B-category +CBA O +/ O +Ca O +male O +mice O +started O +on O +AZT B-Chemical +0 O +. O +75 O +mg O +/ O +ml O +H2O O +at O +84 O +days O +of O +age O +and O +kept O +on O +it O +for O +687 O +days O +when O +dosage O +reduced O +to O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +ml O +H2O O +for O +a O +group O +, O +another O +group O +removed O +from O +AZT B-Chemical +to O +see O +recovery O +, O +and O +third O +group O +remained O +on O +0 O +. O +75 O +mg O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +687 O +days O +mice O +that O +had O +been O +on O +0 O +. O +75 O +mg O +had O +average O +platelet O +counts O +of O +2 O +. O +5 O +x O +10 O +( O +6 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Histological O +examination O +on O +9 O +of O +10 O +mice O +with O +such O +thrombocytopenia O +showed O +changes O +compatible O +with O +myelodysplastic O +syndrome O +( O +MDS O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +variety O +of O +histological O +patterns O +was O +observed O +. 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O + +aps B-category +We O +therefore O +conducted O +the O +present O +acute O +dose O +- O +response O +study O +in O +four O +1 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phenyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tetrahydropyridine I-Chemical +( O +MPTP B-Chemical +) O +- O +exposed O +cynomolgus O +monkeys O +primed O +to O +exhibit O +levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +dyskinesias O +to O +evaluate O +the O +locomotor O +and O +dyskinetic O +effects O +on O +challenge O +with O +four O +doses O +( O +from O +0 O +. O +03 O +to O +1 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +demonstrate O +that O +changes O +in O +NPY O +expression O +, O +including O +expression O +in O +the O +granule O +cells O +and O +mossy O +fibres O +and O +the O +loss O +of O +vulnerable O +NPY O +neurons O +, O +are O +present O +in O +the O +PILO B-Chemical +model O +of O +TLE O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +significance O +of O +this O +changed O +synthesis O +of O +NPY O +remains O +to O +be O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +Posteroventral O +medial O +pallidotomy O +in O +advanced O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Posteroventral O +medial O +pallidotomy O +sometimes O +produces O +striking O +improvement O +in O +patients O +with O +advanced O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +, O +but O +the O +studies O +to O +date O +have O +involved O +small O +numbers O +of O +patients O +and O +short O +- O +term O +follow O +- O +up O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Forty O +patients O +with O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +underwent O +serial O +, O +detailed O +assessments O +both O +after O +drug O +withdrawal O +( O +" O +off O +" O +period O +) O +and O +while O +taking O +their O +optimal O +medical O +regimens O +( O +" O +on O +" O +period O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +patients O +were O +examined O +preoperatively O +and O +39 O +were O +examined O +at O +six O +months O +; O +27 O +of O +the O +patients O +were O +also O +examined O +at O +one O +year O +, O +and O +11 O +at O +two O +years O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +percent O +improvements O +at O +six O +months O +were O +as O +follows O +: O +off O +- O +period O +score O +for O +overall O +motor O +function O +, O +28 O +percent O +( O +95 O +percent O +confidence O +interval O +, O +19 O +to O +38 O +percent O +) O +, O +with O +most O +of O +the O +improvement O +in O +the O +contralateral O +limbs O +; O +off O +- O +period O +score O +for O +activities O +of O +daily O +living O +, O +29 O +percent O +( O +95 O +percent O +confidence O +interval O +, O +19 O +to O +39 O +percent O +) O +; O +on O +- O +period O +score O +for O +contralateral O +dyskinesias O +, O +82 O +percent O +( O +95 O +percent O +confidence O +interval O +, O +72 O +to O +91 O +percent O +) O +; O +and O +on O +- O +period O +score O +for O +ipsilateral O +dyskinesias O +, O +44 O +percent O +( O +95 O +percent O +confidence O +interval O +, O +29 O +to O +59 O +percent O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +improvements O +in O +dyskinesias O +and O +the O +total O +scores O +for O +off O +- O +period O +parkinsonism O +, O +contralateral O +bradykinesia O +, O +and O +rigidity O +were O +sustained O +in O +the O +11 O +patients O +examined O +at O +two O +years O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +improvement O +in O +ipsilateral O +dyskinesias O +was O +lost O +after O +one O +year O +, O +and O +the O +improvements O +in O +postural O +stability O +and O +gait O +lasted O +only O +three O +to O +six O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +Approximately O +half O +the O +patients O +who O +had O +been O +dependent O +on O +assistance O +in O +activities O +of O +daily O +living O +in O +the O +off O +period O +before O +surgery O +became O +independent O +after O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +complications O +of O +surgery O +were O +generally O +well O +tolerated O +, O +and O +there O +were O +no O +significant O +changes O +in O +the O +use O +of O +medication O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +In O +late O +- O +stage O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +, O +pallidotomy O +significantly O +reduces O +levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +dyskinesias O +and O +off O +- O +period O +disability O +. O + +aps B-category +Much O +of O +the O +benefit O +is O +sustained O +at O +two O +years O +, O +although O +some O +improvements O +, O +such O +as O +those O +on O +the O +ipsilateral O +side O +and O +in O +axial O +symptoms O +, O +wane O +within O +the O +first O +year O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +on O +- O +period O +symptoms O +that O +are O +resistant O +to O +dopaminergic O +therapy O +do O +not O +respond O +to O +pallidotomy O +. O + +aps B-category +Clarithromycin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +ventricular O +tachycardia O +. O + +aps B-category +Clarithromycin B-Chemical +is O +a O +relatively O +new O +macrolide B-Chemical +antibiotic O +that O +offers O +twice O +- O +daily O +dosing O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +differs O +from O +erythromycin B-Chemical +only O +in O +the O +methylation O +of O +the O +hydroxyl O +group O +at O +position O +6 O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +the O +side O +- O +effect O +profile O +of O +erythromycin B-Chemical +is O +established O +, O +including O +gastroenteritis O +and O +interactions O +with O +other O +drugs O +subject O +to O +hepatic O +mixed O +- O +function O +oxidase O +metabolism O +, O +experience O +with O +the O +newer O +macrolides B-Chemical +is O +still O +being O +recorded O +. O + +aps B-category +Cardiotoxicity O +has O +been O +demonstrated O +after O +both O +intravenous O +and O +oral O +administration O +of O +erythromycin B-Chemical +but O +has O +never O +been O +reported O +with O +the O +newer O +macrolides B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +a O +case O +of O +ventricular O +dysrhythmias O +that O +occurred O +after O +six O +therapeutic O +doses O +of O +clarithromycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dysrhythmias O +resolved O +after O +discontinuation O +of O +the O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +glyceryl B-Chemical +trinitrate I-Chemical +on O +the O +sphincter O +of O +Oddi O +spasm O +evoked O +by O +prostigmine B-Chemical +- O +morphine B-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +In O +this O +study O +the O +effect O +of O +glyceryl B-Chemical +trinitrate I-Chemical +on O +the O +prostigmine B-Chemical +- O +morphine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +sphincter O +of O +Oddi O +spasm O +was O +evaluated O +in O +nine O +female O +patients O +with O +sphincter O +of O +Oddi O +dyskinesia O +. O + +aps B-category +METHOD O +: O +Sphincter O +of O +Oddi O +spasm O +was O +induced O +by O +prostigmine B-Chemical +- O +morphine B-Chemical +administration O +( O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +prostigmine B-Chemical +intramuscularly O +and O +10 O +mg O +morphine B-Chemical +subcutaneously O +) O +and O +visualized O +by O +quantitative O +hepatobiliary O +scintigraphy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +entire O +procedure O +was O +repeated O +during O +glyceryl B-Chemical +trinitrate I-Chemical +infusion O +( O +Nitrolingual B-Chemical +1 O +microg O +/ O +kg O +/ O +min O +for O +120 O +min O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Prostigmine B-Chemical +- O +morphine B-Chemical +provocation O +caused O +significant O +increases O +in O +the O +time O +to O +peak O +activity O +( O +Tmax O +) O +over O +the O +hepatic O +hilum O +( O +HH O +: O +34 O +. O +33 O ++ O +/ O +- O +5 O +. O +05 O +vs O +. O +22 O +. O +77 O ++ O +/ O +- O +3 O +. O +26 O +) O +and O +the O +common O +bile O +duct O +( O +CBD O +: O +60 O +. O +44 O ++ O +/ O +- O +5 O +. O +99 O +vs O +. O +40 O +. O +0 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +88 O +) O +and O +in O +the O +half O +- O +time O +of O +excretion O +( O +T1 O +/ O +2 O +) O +over O +the O +liver O +parenchyma O +( O +LP O +: O +120 O +. O +04 O ++ O +/ O +- O +16 O +. O +01 O +vs O +. O +27 O +. O +37 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +19 O +) O +, O +HH O +( O +117 O +. O +61 O ++ O +/ O +- O +14 O +. O +71 O +vs O +. O +31 O +. O +85 O ++ O +/ O +- O +3 O +. O +99 O +) O +and O +CBD O +( O +158 O +. O +11 O ++ O +/ O +- O +9 O +. O +18 O +vs O +. O +40 O +. O +1 O ++ O +/ O +- O +6 O +. O +24 O +) O +, O +indicating O +a O +complete O +spasm O +at O +the O +level O +of O +the O +sphincter O +of O +Oddi O +. O + +aps B-category +Glyceryl B-Chemical +trinitrate I-Chemical +infusion O +completely O +normalized O +the O +prostigmine B-Chemical +- O +morphine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +alterations O +in O +these O +quantitative O +parameters O +( O +TmaX O +over O +the O +LP O +: O +11 O +. O +33 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +13 O +; O +over O +the O +HH O +: O +18 O +. O +88 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +48 O +; O +and O +over O +the O +CBD O +: O +36 O +. O +22 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +92 O +; O +and O +T1 O +/ O +2 O +over O +the O +LP O +: O +28 O +. O +21 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +83 O +; O +over O +the O +HH O +: O +33 O +. O +42 O ++ O +/ O +- O +3 O +. O +10 O +; O +and O +over O +the O +CBD O +: O +41 O +. O +66 O ++ O +/ O +- O +6 O +. O +33 O +) O +, O +suggesting O +an O +effective O +sphincter O +- O +relaxing O +effect O +of O +glyceryl B-Chemical +trinitrate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +These O +results O +provide O +the O +first O +evidence O +of O +the O +effectiveness O +of O +glyceryl B-Chemical +trinitrate I-Chemical +on O +the O +morphine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +sphincter O +of O +Oddi O +spasm O +in O +humans O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +glyceryl B-Chemical +trinitrate I-Chemical +is O +able O +to O +overcome O +even O +the O +drastic O +effect O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +, O +it O +might O +be O +of O +relevance O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +sphincter O +of O +Oddi O +dyskinesia O +. O + +aps B-category +Immunopathology O +of O +penicillamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +glomerular O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +patients O +with O +rheumatoid O +arthritis O +developed O +heavy O +proteinuria O +after O +five O +to O +12 O +months O +of O +treatment O +with O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +penicillamine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Light O +microscopy O +of O +renal O +biopsy O +samples O +showed O +minimal O +glomerular O +capillary O +wall O +thickening O +and O +mesangial O +matrix O +increase O +, O +or O +no O +departure O +from O +normal O +. O + +aps B-category +Electron O +microscopy O +, O +however O +, O +revealed O +subepithelial O +electron O +- O +dense O +deposits O +, O +fusion O +of O +epithelial O +cell O +foot O +processes O +, O +and O +evidence O +of O +mesangial O +cell O +hyperactivity O +. O + +aps B-category +Immunofluorescence O +microscopy O +demonstrated O +granular O +capillary O +wall O +deposits O +of O +IgG O +and O +C3 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +findings O +were O +similar O +to O +those O +in O +early O +membranous O +glomerulonephritis O +, O +differences O +being O +observed O +however O +in O +the O +results O +of O +staining O +for O +the O +early O +- O +acting O +complement O +components O +C1q O +and O +C4 O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +tentatively O +concluded O +that O +complement O +was O +activated O +by O +the O +classical O +pathway O +. O + +aps B-category +Experimental O +cranial O +pain O +elicited O +by O +capsaicin B-Chemical +: O +a O +PET O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +a O +positron O +emission O +tomography O +( O +PET O +) O +study O +it O +was O +shown O +recently O +that O +in O +migraine O +without O +aura O +certain O +areas O +in O +the O +brain O +stem O +were O +activated O +during O +the O +headache O +state O +, O +but O +not O +in O +the O +headache O +free O +interval O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +suggested O +that O +this O +brain O +stem O +activation O +is O +inherent O +to O +the O +migraine O +attack O +itself O +and O +represents O +the O +so O +called O +' O +migraine O +generator O +' O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +test O +this O +hypothesis O +we O +performed O +an O +experimental O +pain O +study O +in O +seven O +healthy O +volunteers O +, O +using O +the O +same O +positioning O +in O +the O +PET O +scanner O +as O +in O +the O +migraine O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +small O +amount O +of O +capsaicin B-Chemical +was O +administered O +subcutaneously O +in O +the O +right O +forehead O +to O +evoke O +a O +burning O +painful O +sensation O +in O +the O +first O +division O +of O +the O +trigeminal O +nerve O +. O + +aps B-category +Increases O +of O +regional O +cerebral O +blood O +flow O +( O +rCBF O +) O +were O +found O +bilaterally O +in O +the O +insula O +, O +in O +the O +anterior O +cingulate O +cortex O +, O +the O +cavernous O +sinus O +and O +the O +cerebellum O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +the O +same O +stereotactic O +space O +limits O +as O +in O +the O +above O +mentioned O +migraine O +study O +no O +brain O +stem O +activation O +was O +found O +in O +the O +acute O +pain O +state O +compared O +to O +the O +pain O +free O +state O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +increase O +of O +activation O +in O +the O +region O +of O +the O +cavernous O +sinus O +however O +, O +suggests O +that O +this O +structure O +is O +more O +likely O +to O +be O +involved O +in O +trigeminal O +transmitted O +pain O +as O +such O +, O +rather O +than O +in O +a O +specific O +type O +of O +headache O +as O +was O +suggested O +for O +cluster O +headache O +. O + +aps B-category +Value O +of O +methylprednisolone B-Chemical +in O +prevention O +of O +the O +arthralgia O +- O +myalgia O +syndrome O +associated O +with O +the O +total O +dose O +infusion O +of O +iron B-Chemical +dextran I-Chemical +: O +a O +double O +blind O +randomized O +trial O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +safety O +and O +efficacy O +of O +total O +dose O +infusion O +( O +TDI O +) O +of O +iron B-Chemical +dextran I-Chemical +has O +been O +well O +documented O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +40 O +% O +of O +treated O +patients O +, O +an O +arthralgia O +- O +myalgia O +syndrome O +develops O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purpose O +of O +this O +randomized O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +, O +prospective O +study O +was O +to O +investigate O +whether O +intravenous O +( O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O +administration O +of O +methylprednisolone B-Chemical +( O +MP B-Chemical +) O +prevents O +this O +complication O +. O + +aps B-category +Sixty O +- O +five O +patients O +, O +34 O +women O +and O +31 O +men O +, O +ages O +36 O +to O +80 O +years O +, O +received O +either O +normal O +saline O +before O +and O +after O +TDI O +( O +group O +1 O +) O +, O +125 O +mg O +i O +. O +v O +. O +MP B-Chemical +before O +and O +saline O +after O +TDI O +( O +group O +2 O +) O +, O +or O +125 O +mg O +i O +. O +v O +. O +MP B-Chemical +before O +and O +after O +TDI O +( O +group O +3 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +were O +observed O +for O +72 O +hours O +and O +reactions O +were O +recorded O +and O +graded O +according O +to O +severity O +. O + +aps B-category +Fifty O +- O +eight O +percent O +of O +group O +1 O +patients O +, O +33 O +% O +of O +group O +2 O +, O +and O +26 O +% O +of O +group O +3 O +had O +reactions O +to O +TDI O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +severity O +of O +reactions O +( O +minimal O +, O +mild O +, O +and O +moderate O +, O +respectively O +) O +was O +as O +follows O +: O +group O +1 O +- O +- O +6 O +, O +6 O +, O +and O +2 O +; O +group O +2 O +- O +- O +1 O +, O +5 O +, O +and O +0 O +; O +group O +3 O +- O +- O +5 O +, O +1 O +, O +and O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +Data O +were O +analyzed O +by O +the O +two O +- O +sided O +Fisher O +' O +s O +exact O +test O +using O +95 O +% O +confidence O +intervals O +with O +the O +approximation O +of O +Woolf O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +demonstrate O +that O +administration O +of O +MP B-Chemical +before O +and O +after O +TDI O +reduces O +the O +frequency O +and O +severity O +of O +the O +arthralgia O +- O +myalgia O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +125 O +mg O +i O +. O +v O +. O +MP B-Chemical +should O +be O +given O +routinely O +before O +and O +after O +TDI O +of O +iron B-Chemical +dextran I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Prolongation O +of O +the O +QT O +interval O +related O +to O +cisapride B-Chemical +- O +diltiazem B-Chemical +interaction O +. O + +aps B-category +Cisapride B-Chemical +, O +a O +cytochrome O +P450 O +3A4 O +( O +CYP3A4 O +) O +substrate O +, O +is O +widely O +prescribed O +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +gastrointestinal O +motility O +disorders O +. O + +aps B-category +Prolongation O +of O +QT O +interval O +, O +torsades O +de O +pointes O +, O +and O +sudden O +cardiac O +death O +have O +been O +reported O +after O +concomitant O +administration O +with O +erythromycin B-Chemical +or O +azole B-Chemical +antifungal O +agents O +, O +but O +not O +with O +other O +CYP3A4 O +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +possible O +drug O +interaction O +occurred O +in O +a O +45 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +who O +was O +taking O +cisapride B-Chemical +for O +gastroesophageal O +reflux O +disorder O +and O +diltiazem B-Chemical +, O +an O +agent O +that O +has O +inhibitory O +effect O +on O +CYP3A4 O +, O +for O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +was O +in O +near O +syncope O +and O +had O +QT O +- O +interval O +prolongation O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +discontinuing O +cisapride B-Chemical +, O +the O +QT O +interval O +returned O +to O +normal O +and O +symptoms O +did O +not O +recur O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +suggest O +that O +caution O +be O +taken O +when O +cisapride B-Chemical +is O +prescribed O +with O +any O +potent O +inhibitor O +of O +CYP3A4 O +, O +including O +diltiazem B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Cortical O +motor O +overactivation O +in O +parkinsonian O +patients O +with O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +- O +induced O +peak O +- O +dose O +dyskinesia O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +studied O +the O +regional O +cerebral O +blood O +flow O +( O +rCBF O +) O +changes O +induced O +by O +the O +execution O +of O +a O +finger O +- O +to O +- O +thumb O +opposition O +motor O +task O +in O +the O +supplementary O +and O +primary O +motor O +cortex O +of O +two O +groups O +of O +parkinsonian O +patients O +on O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +medication O +, O +the O +first O +one O +without O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +induced O +dyskinesia O +( O +n O += O +23 O +) O +and O +the O +other O +with O +moderate O +peak O +- O +dose O +dyskinesia O +( O +n O += O +15 O +) O +, O +and O +of O +a O +group O +of O +14 O +normal O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +Single O +photon O +emission O +tomography O +with O +i O +. O +v O +. O +133Xe O +was O +used O +to O +measure O +the O +rCBF O +changes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dyskinetic O +parkinsonian O +patients O +exhibited O +a O +pattern O +of O +response O +which O +was O +markedly O +different O +from O +those O +of O +the O +normal O +subjects O +and O +non O +- O +dyskinetic O +parkinsonian O +patients O +, O +with O +a O +significant O +overactivation O +in O +the O +supplementary O +motor O +area O +and O +the O +ipsi O +- O +and O +contralateral O +primary O +motor O +areas O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +are O +compatible O +with O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +an O +hyperkinetic O +abnormal O +involuntary O +movement O +, O +like O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +- O +induced O +peak O +dose O +dyskinesia O +, O +is O +due O +to O +a O +disinhibition O +of O +the O +primary O +and O +associated O +motor O +cortex O +secondary O +to O +an O +excessive O +outflow O +of O +the O +pallidothalamocortical O +motor O +loop O +. O + +aps B-category +Open O +- O +label O +assessment O +of O +levofloxacin B-Chemical +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +acute O +bacterial O +sinusitis O +in O +adults O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +To O +evaluate O +the O +efficacy O +and O +safety O +of O +levofloxacin B-Chemical +( O +500 O +mg O +orally O +once O +daily O +for O +10 O +to O +14 O +days O +) O +in O +treating O +adult O +outpatients O +with O +acute O +bacterial O +sinusitis O +. O + +aps B-category +PATIENTS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +A O +total O +of O +329 O +patients O +enrolled O +in O +the O +study O +at O +24 O +centers O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +patients O +had O +a O +pre O +- O +therapy O +Gram O +' O +s O +stain O +and O +culture O +of O +sinus O +exudate O +obtained O +by O +antral O +puncture O +or O +nasal O +endoscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +response O +was O +assessed O +on O +the O +basis O +of O +signs O +and O +symptoms O +and O +sinus O +radiograph O +or O +computed O +tomography O +results O +. O + +aps B-category +Microbiologic O +cure O +rates O +were O +determined O +on O +the O +basis O +of O +presumed O +plus O +documented O +eradication O +of O +the O +pre O +- O +therapy O +pathogen O +( O +s O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +most O +common O +pathogens O +were O +Haemophilus O +influenzae O +, O +Streptococcus O +pneumoniae O +, O +Staphylococcus O +aureus O +, O +and O +Moraxella O +catarrhalis O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +300 O +clinically O +evaluable O +patients O +, O +175 O +( O +58 O +% O +) O +were O +cured O +and O +90 O +( O +30 O +% O +) O +were O +improved O +at O +the O +post O +- O +therapy O +evaluation O +, O +resulting O +in O +a O +clinical O +success O +rate O +of O +88 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Thirty O +- O +five O +patients O +( O +12 O +% O +) O +clinically O +failed O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +microbiologic O +eradication O +rate O +( O +presumed O +plus O +documented O +) O +among O +138 O +microbiologically O +evaluable O +patients O +was O +92 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Microbiologic O +eradication O +rates O +( O +presumed O +plus O +documented O +) O +of O +the O +most O +common O +pathogens O +ranged O +from O +93 O +% O +( O +M O +. O +catarrhalis O +) O +to O +100 O +% O +( O +S O +. O +pneumoniae O +) O +at O +the O +post O +- O +therapy O +visit O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +but O +one O +of O +the O +265 O +patients O +who O +were O +cured O +or O +improved O +at O +post O +- O +therapy O +returned O +for O +a O +long O +- O +term O +follow O +- O +up O +visit O +; O +243 O +( O +92 O +% O +) O +remained O +well O +4 O +to O +6 O +weeks O +after O +therapy O +; O +and O +21 O +( O +8 O +% O +) O +had O +a O +relapse O +of O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +Adverse O +events O +considered O +to O +be O +related O +to O +levofloxacin B-Chemical +administration O +were O +reported O +by O +29 O +patients O +( O +9 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +common O +drug O +- O +related O +adverse O +events O +were O +diarrhea O +, O +flatulence O +, O +and O +nausea O +; O +most O +adverse O +events O +were O +mild O +to O +moderate O +in O +severity O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +The O +results O +of O +this O +study O +indicate O +that O +levofloxacin B-Chemical +500 O +mg O +once O +daily O +is O +an O +effective O +and O +safe O +treatment O +for O +acute O +bacterial O +sinusitis O +. O + +aps B-category +Iatrogenic O +risks O +of O +endometrial O +carcinoma O +after O +treatment O +for O +breast O +cancer O +in O +a O +large O +French O +case O +- O +control O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +F O +d O +ration O +Nationale O +des O +Centres O +de O +Lutte O +Contre O +le O +Cancer O +( O +FNCLCC O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +is O +widely O +used O +in O +breast O +cancer O +treatment O +and O +has O +been O +proposed O +for O +the O +prevention O +of O +breast O +cancer O +, O +its O +endometrial O +iatrogenic O +effects O +must O +be O +carefully O +examined O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +investigated O +the O +association O +between O +endometrial O +cancer O +and O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +use O +or O +other O +treatments O +in O +women O +treated O +for O +breast O +cancer O +in O +a O +case O +- O +control O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +Cases O +of O +endometrial O +cancer O +diagnosed O +after O +breast O +cancer O +( O +n O += O +135 O +) O +and O +467 O +controls O +matched O +for O +age O +, O +year O +of O +diagnosis O +of O +breast O +cancer O +and O +hospital O +and O +survival O +time O +with O +an O +intact O +uterus O +were O +included O +. O + +aps B-category +Women O +who O +had O +received O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +were O +significantly O +more O +likely O +to O +have O +endometrial O +cancer O +diagnosed O +than O +those O +who O +had O +not O +( O +crude O +relative O +risk O += O +4 O +. O +9 O +, O +p O += O +0 O +. O +0001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Univariate O +and O +adjusted O +analyses O +showed O +that O +the O +risk O +increased O +with O +the O +length O +of O +treatment O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +0001 O +) O +or O +the O +cumulative O +dose O +of O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +received O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +0001 O +) O +, O +irrespective O +of O +the O +daily O +dose O +. O + +aps B-category +Women O +who O +had O +undergone O +pelvic O +radiotherapy O +also O +had O +a O +higher O +risk O +( O +crude O +relative O +risk O += O +7 O +. O +8 O +, O +p O += O +0 O +. O +0001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +adjusting O +for O +confounding O +factors O +, O +the O +risk O +was O +higher O +for O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +users O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +0012 O +) O +, O +treatment O +for O +more O +than O +3 O +years O +( O +all O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +03 O +) O +and O +pelvic O +radiotherapy O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +012 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Women O +who O +had O +endometrial O +cancer O +and O +had O +received O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +had O +more O +advanced O +disease O +and O +poorer O +prognosis O +than O +those O +with O +endometrial O +cancer O +who O +had O +not O +received O +this O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +results O +suggest O +a O +causal O +role O +of O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +in O +endometrial O +cancer O +, O +particularly O +when O +used O +as O +currently O +proposed O +for O +breast O +cancer O +prevention O +. O + +aps B-category +Pelvic O +radiotherapy O +may O +be O +an O +additional O +iatrogenic O +factor O +for O +women O +with O +breast O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +Endometrial O +cancers O +diagnosed O +in O +women O +treated O +with O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +have O +poorer O +prognosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Women O +who O +receive O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +for O +breast O +cancer O +should O +be O +offered O +gynaecological O +surveillance O +during O +and O +after O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +long O +- O +term O +evaluation O +of O +the O +risk O +- O +benefit O +ratio O +of O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +as O +a O +preventive O +treatment O +for O +breast O +cancer O +is O +clearly O +warranted O +. O + +aps B-category +Contribution O +of O +the O +glycine B-Chemical +site O +of O +NMDA B-Chemical +receptors O +in O +rostral O +and O +intermediate O +- O +caudal O +parts O +of O +the O +striatum O +to O +the O +regulation O +of O +muscle O +tone O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +the O +present O +study O +was O +to O +assess O +the O +contribution O +of O +the O +glycine B-Chemical +site O +of O +NMDA B-Chemical +receptors O +in O +the O +striatum O +to O +the O +regulation O +of O +muscle O +tone O +. O + +aps B-category +Muscle O +tone O +was O +examined O +using O +a O +combined O +mechanoand O +electromyographic O +method O +, O +which O +measured O +simultaneously O +the O +muscle O +resistance O +( O +MMG O +) O +of O +the O +rat O +' O +s O +hind O +foot O +to O +passive O +extension O +and O +flexion O +in O +the O +ankle O +joint O +and O +the O +electromyographic O +activity O +( O +EMG O +) O +of O +the O +antagonistic O +muscles O +of O +that O +joint O +: O +gastrocnemius O +and O +tibialis O +anterior O +. O + +aps B-category +Muscle O +rigidity O +was O +induced O +by O +haloperidol B-Chemical +( O +2 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +5 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +7 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dichlorokynurenic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +7 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +DCKA I-Chemical +) O +, O +a O +selective O +glycine B-Chemical +site O +antagonist O +, O +injected O +in O +doses O +of O +2 O +. O +5 O +and O +4 O +. O +5 O +microg O +/ O +0 O +. O +5 O +microl O +bilaterally O +, O +into O +the O +rostral O +region O +of O +the O +striatum O +, O +decreased O +both O +the O +haloperidol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +muscle O +rigidity O +( O +MMG O +) O +and O +the O +enhanced O +electromyographic O +activity O +( O +EMG O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +5 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +7 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +DCKA I-Chemical +injected O +bilaterally O +in O +a O +dose O +of O +4 O +. O +5 O +microg O +/ O +0 O +. O +5 O +microl O +into O +the O +intermediate O +- O +caudal O +region O +of O +the O +striatum O +of O +rats O +not O +pretreated O +with O +haloperidol B-Chemical +had O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +muscle O +tone O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +results O +suggest O +that O +blockade O +of O +the O +glycine B-Chemical +site O +of O +NMDA B-Chemical +receptors O +in O +the O +rostral O +part O +of O +the O +striatum O +may O +be O +mainly O +responsible O +for O +the O +antiparkinsonian O +action O +of O +this O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +Carboplatin B-Chemical +toxic O +effects O +on O +the O +peripheral O +nervous O +system O +of O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +The O +most O +striking O +of O +carboplatin B-Chemical +' O +s O +advantages O +( O +CBDCA B-Chemical +) O +over O +cisplatin B-Chemical +( O +CDDP B-Chemical +) O +is O +its O +markedly O +reduced O +rate O +of O +neurotoxic O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +use O +of O +CBDCA B-Chemical +higher O +- O +intensity O +schedules O +and O +the O +association O +with O +other O +neurotoxic O +drugs O +in O +polychemotherapy O +may O +cause O +some O +concern O +about O +its O +safety O +with O +respect O +to O +peripheral O +nervous O +system O +damage O +. O + +aps B-category +MATERIALS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +Two O +different O +schedules O +of O +CBDCA B-Chemical +administration O +( O +10 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +and O +15 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +p O +. O +twice O +a O +week O +for O +nine O +times O +) O +were O +evaluated O +in O +Wistar O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Neurotoxicity O +was O +assessed O +for O +behavioral O +( O +tail O +- O +flick O +test O +) O +, O +neurophysiological O +( O +nerve O +conduction O +velocity O +in O +the O +tail O +nerve O +) O +, O +morphological O +, O +morphometrical O +and O +analytical O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +CBDCA B-Chemical +administration O +induced O +dose O +- O +dependent O +peripheral O +neurotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Pain O +perception O +and O +nerve O +conduction O +velocity O +in O +the O +tail O +were O +significantly O +impaired O +, O +particularly O +after O +the O +high O +- O +dose O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dorsal O +root O +ganglia O +sensory O +neurons O +and O +, O +to O +a O +lesser O +extent O +, O +satellite O +cells O +showed O +the O +same O +changes O +as O +those O +induced O +by O +CDDP B-Chemical +, O +mainly O +affecting O +the O +nucleus O +and O +nucleolus O +of O +ganglionic O +sensory O +neurons O +. O + +aps B-category +Moreover O +, O +significant O +amounts O +of O +platinum B-Chemical +were O +detected O +in O +the O +dorsal O +root O +ganglia O +and O +kidney O +after O +CBDCA B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +CBDCA B-Chemical +is O +neurotoxic O +in O +our O +model O +, O +and O +the O +type O +of O +pathological O +changes O +it O +induces O +are O +so O +closely O +similar O +to O +those O +caused O +by O +CDDP B-Chemical +that O +it O +is O +probable O +that O +neurotoxicity O +is O +induced O +in O +the O +two O +drugs O +by O +the O +same O +mechanism O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +model O +can O +be O +used O +alone O +or O +in O +combination O +with O +other O +drugs O +to O +explore O +the O +effect O +of O +CBDCA B-Chemical +on O +the O +peripheral O +nervous O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +cisapride B-Chemical +on O +symptoms O +and O +postcibal O +small O +- O +bowel O +motor O +function O +in O +patients O +with O +irritable O +bowel O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Irritable O +bowel O +syndrome O +is O +a O +common O +cause O +of O +abdominal O +pain O +and O +discomfort O +and O +may O +be O +related O +to O +disordered O +gastrointestinal O +motility O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +aim O +was O +to O +assess O +the O +effects O +of O +long O +- O +term O +treatment O +with O +a O +prokinetic O +agent O +, O +cisapride B-Chemical +, O +on O +postprandial O +jejunal O +motility O +and O +symptoms O +in O +the O +irritable O +bowel O +syndrome O +( O +IBS O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Thirty O +- O +eight O +patients O +with O +IBS O +( O +constipation O +- O +predominant O +, O +n O += O +17 O +; O +diarrhoea O +- O +predominant O +, O +n O += O +21 O +) O +underwent O +24 O +- O +h O +ambulatory O +jejunal O +manometry O +before O +and O +after O +12 O +week O +' O +s O +treatment O +[ O +cisapride B-Chemical +, O +5 O +mg O +three O +times O +daily O +( O +n O += O +19 O +) O +or O +placebo O +( O +n O += O +19 O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +In O +diarrhoea O +- O +predominant O +patients O +significant O +differences O +in O +contraction O +characteristics O +were O +observed O +between O +the O +cisapride B-Chemical +and O +placebo O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +cisapride B-Chemical +- O +treated O +diarrhoea O +- O +predominant O +patients O +the O +mean O +contraction O +amplitude O +was O +higher O +( O +29 O +. O +3 O ++ O +/ O +- O +3 O +. O +2 O +versus O +24 O +. O +9 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +6 O +mm O +Hg O +, O +cisapride B-Chemical +versus O +placebo O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +; O +pretreatment O +, O +25 O +. O +7 O ++ O +/ O +- O +6 O +. O +0 O +mm O +Hg O +) O +, O +the O +mean O +contraction O +duration O +longer O +( O +3 O +. O +4 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +2 O +versus O +3 O +. O +0 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +2 O +sec O +, O +cisapride B-Chemical +versus O +placebo O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +; O +pretreatment O +, O +3 O +. O +1 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +5 O +sec O +) O +, O +and O +the O +mean O +contraction O +frequency O +lower O +( O +2 O +. O +0 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +2 O +versus O +2 O +. O +5 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +4 O +cont O +. O +/ O +min O +, O +cisapride B-Chemical +versus O +placebo O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +; O +pretreatment O +, O +2 O +. O +5 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +1 O +cont O +. O +/ O +min O +] O +than O +patients O +treated O +with O +placebo O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +significant O +differences O +in O +jejunal O +motility O +were O +found O +in O +the O +constipation O +- O +predominant O +IBS O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +Symptoms O +were O +assessed O +by O +using O +a O +visual O +analogue O +scale O +before O +and O +after O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Symptom O +scores O +relating O +to O +the O +severity O +of O +constipation O +were O +lower O +in O +cisapride B-Chemical +- O +treated O +constipation O +- O +predominant O +IBS O +patients O +[ O +score O +, O +54 O ++ O +/ O +- O +5 O +versus O +67 O ++ O +/ O +- O +14 O +mm O +, O +cisapride B-Chemical +versus O +placebo O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +; O +pretreatment O +, O +62 O ++ O +/ O +- O +19 O +mm O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Diarrhoea O +- O +predominant O +IBS O +patients O +had O +a O +higher O +pain O +score O +after O +cisapride B-Chemical +therapy O +[ O +score O +, O +55 O ++ O +/ O +- O +15 O +versus O +34 O ++ O +/ O +- O +12 O +mm O +, O +cisapride B-Chemical +versus O +placebo O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +; O +pretreatment O +, O +67 O ++ O +/ O +- O +19 O +mm O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Cisapride B-Chemical +affects O +jejunal O +contraction O +characteristics O +and O +some O +symptoms O +in O +IBS O +. O + +aps B-category +Prevention O +of O +breast O +cancer O +with O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +: O +preliminary O +findings O +from O +the O +Italian O +randomised O +trial O +among O +hysterectomised O +women O +. O + +aps B-category +Italian O +Tamoxifen B-Chemical +Prevention O +Study O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Tamoxifen B-Chemical +is O +a O +candidate O +chemopreventive O +agent O +in O +breast O +cancer O +, O +although O +the O +drug O +may O +be O +associated O +with O +the O +development O +of O +endometrial O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +we O +did O +a O +trial O +in O +hysterectomised O +women O +of O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +as O +a O +chemopreventive O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +In O +October O +, O +1992 O +, O +we O +started O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +, O +randomised O +trial O +of O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +in O +women O +( O +mainly O +in O +Italy O +) O +who O +did O +not O +have O +breast O +cancer O +and O +who O +had O +had O +a O +hysterectomy O +. O + +aps B-category +Women O +were O +randomised O +to O +receive O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +20 O +mg O +per O +day O +or O +placebo O +, O +both O +orally O +for O +5 O +years O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +original O +plan O +was O +to O +follow O +the O +intervention O +phase O +by O +5 O +years O +' O +follow O +- O +up O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +June O +, O +1997 O +, O +the O +trialists O +and O +the O +data O +- O +monitoring O +committee O +decided O +to O +end O +recruitment O +primarily O +because O +of O +the O +number O +of O +women O +dropping O +out O +of O +the O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +Recruitment O +ended O +on O +July O +11 O +, O +1997 O +, O +and O +the O +study O +will O +continue O +as O +planned O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +primary O +endpoints O +are O +the O +occurrence O +of O +and O +deaths O +from O +breast O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +preliminary O +interim O +analysis O +is O +based O +on O +intention O +- O +to O +- O +treat O +. O + +aps B-category +FINDINGS O +: O +5408 O +women O +were O +randomised O +; O +participating O +women O +have O +a O +median O +follow O +- O +up O +of O +46 O +months O +for O +major O +endpoints O +. O + +aps B-category +41 O +cases O +of O +breast O +cancer O +occurred O +so O +far O +; O +there O +have O +been O +no O +deaths O +from O +breast O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +is O +no O +difference O +in O +breast O +- O +cancer O +frequency O +between O +the O +placebo O +( O +22 O +cases O +) O +and O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +( O +19 O +) O +arms O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Structural O +and O +functional O +impairment O +of O +mitochondria O +in O +adriamycin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiomyopathy O +in O +mice O +: O +suppression O +of O +cytochrome O +c O +oxidase O +II O +gene O +expression O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +use O +of O +adriamycin B-Chemical +( O +ADR B-Chemical +) O +in O +cancer O +chemotherapy O +has O +been O +limited O +due O +to O +its O +cumulative O +cardiovascular O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Earlier O +observations O +that O +ADR B-Chemical +interacts O +with O +mitochondrial O +cytochrome O +c O +oxidase O +( O +COX O +) O +and O +suppresses O +its O +enzyme O +activity O +led O +us O +to O +investigate O +ADR B-Chemical +' O +s O +action O +on O +the O +cardiovascular O +functions O +and O +heart O +mitochondrial O +morphology O +in O +Balb O +- O +c O +mice O +i O +. O +p O +. O +treated O +with O +ADR B-Chemical +for O +several O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +various O +times O +during O +treatment O +, O +the O +animals O +were O +assessed O +for O +cardiovascular O +functions O +by O +electrocardiography O +and O +for O +heart O +tissue O +damage O +by O +electron O +microscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +parallel O +, O +total O +RNA O +was O +extracted O +from O +samples O +of O +dissected O +heart O +and O +analyzed O +by O +Northern O +blot O +hybridization O +to O +determine O +the O +steady O +- O +state O +level O +of O +three O +RNA O +transcripts O +encoded O +by O +the O +COXII O +, O +COXIII O +, O +and O +COXIV O +genes O +. O + +aps B-category +Similarly O +, O +samples O +obtained O +from O +the O +liver O +of O +the O +same O +animals O +were O +analyzed O +for O +comparative O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +results O +indicated O +that O +1 O +) O +treatment O +of O +mice O +with O +ADR B-Chemical +caused O +cardiovascular O +arrhythmias O +characterized O +by O +bradycardia O +, O +extension O +of O +ventricular O +depolarization O +time O +( O +tQRS O +) O +, O +and O +failure O +of O +QRS O +at O +high O +concentrations O +( O +10 O +- O +14 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +body O +weight O +cumulative O +dose O +) O +; O +2 O +) O +the O +heart O +mitochondria O +underwent O +swelling O +, O +fusion O +, O +dissolution O +, O +and O +/ O +or O +disruption O +of O +mitochondrial O +cristae O +after O +several O +weeks O +of O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Such O +abnormalities O +were O +not O +observed O +in O +the O +mitochondria O +of O +liver O +tissue O +; O +and O +3 O +) O +among O +the O +three O +genes O +of O +COX O +enzyme O +examined O +, O +only O +COXII O +gene O +expression O +was O +suppressed O +by O +ADR B-Chemical +treatment O +, O +mainly O +after O +8 O +weeks O +in O +both O +heart O +and O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +Knowing O +that O +heart O +mitochondria O +represent O +almost O +40 O +% O +of O +heart O +muscle O +by O +weight O +, O +we O +conclude O +that O +the O +deteriorating O +effects O +of O +ADR B-Chemical +on O +cardiovascular O +function O +involve O +mitochondrial O +structural O +and O +functional O +impairment O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Although O +ORL1 O +receptors O +which O +display O +a O +high O +degree O +of O +sequence O +homology O +with O +classical O +opioid O +receptors O +are O +abundant O +in O +the O +hippocampus O +, O +little O +is O +known O +regarding O +their O +role O +in O +learning O +and O +memory O +. O + +aps B-category +3 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +study O +was O +designed O +to O +investigate O +whether O +nociceptin B-Chemical +/ O +orphanin B-Chemical +FQ I-Chemical +and O +nocistatin B-Chemical +could O +modulate O +impairment O +of O +learning O +and O +memory O +induced O +by O +scopolamine B-Chemical +, O +a O +muscarinic O +cholinergic O +receptor O +antagonist O +, O +using O +spontaneous O +alternation O +of O +Y O +- O +maze O +and O +step O +- O +down O +type O +passive O +avoidance O +tasks O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +nocistatin B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +5 O +- O +5 O +. O +0 O +nmol O +mouse O +- O +1 O +, O +i O +. O +c O +. O +v O +. O +) O +administered O +30 O +min O +before O +spontaneous O +alternation O +performance O +or O +the O +training O +session O +of O +the O +passive O +avoidance O +task O +, O +had O +no O +effect O +on O +spontaneous O +alternation O +or O +passive O +avoidance O +behaviours O +, O +a O +lower O +per O +cent O +alternation O +and O +shorter O +median O +step O +- O +down O +latency O +in O +the O +retention O +test O +were O +obtained O +in O +nociceptin B-Chemical +( O +1 O +. O +5 O +and O +/ O +or O +5 O +. O +0 O +nmol O +mouse O +- O +1 O +, O +i O +. O +c O +. O +v O +. O +) O +- O +treated O +normal O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +nocistatin B-Chemical +( O +1 O +. O +5 O +and O +/ O +or O +5 O +. O +0 O +nmol O +mouse O +- O +1 O +, O +i O +. O +c O +. O +v O +. O +) O +30 O +min O +before O +spontaneous O +alternation O +performance O +or O +the O +training O +session O +of O +the O +passive O +avoidance O +task O +, O +attenuated O +the O +scopolamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +impairment O +of O +spontaneous O +alternation O +and O +passive O +avoidance O +behaviours O +. O + +aps B-category +6 O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +indicated O +that O +nocistatin B-Chemical +, O +a O +new O +biologically O +active O +peptide O +, O +ameliorates O +impairments O +of O +spontaneous O +alternation O +and O +passive O +avoidance O +induced O +by O +scopolamine B-Chemical +, O +and O +suggested O +that O +these O +peptides O +play O +opposite O +roles O +in O +learning O +and O +memory O +. O + +aps B-category +Meloxicam B-Chemical +- O +induced O +liver O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +the O +case O +of O +a O +female O +patient O +with O +rheumatoid O +arthritis O +who O +developed O +acute O +cytolytic O +hepatitis O +due O +to O +meloxicam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Recently O +introduced O +in O +Belgium O +, O +meloxicam B-Chemical +is O +the O +first O +nonsteroidal O +antiinflammatory O +drug O +with O +selective O +action O +on O +the O +inducible O +form O +of O +cyclooxygenase O +2 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +acute O +cytolytic O +hepatitis O +occurred O +rapidly O +after O +meloxicam B-Chemical +administration O +and O +was O +associated O +with O +the O +development O +of O +antinuclear O +antibodies O +suggesting O +a O +hypersensitivity O +mechanism O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +first O +case O +of O +meloxicam B-Chemical +related O +liver O +toxicity O +demonstrates O +the O +potential O +of O +this O +drug O +to O +induce O +hepatic O +damage O +. O + +aps B-category +Induction O +of O +apoptosis O +by O +remoxipride B-Chemical +metabolites O +in O +HL60 O +and O +CD34 O ++ O +/ O +CD19 O +- O +human O +bone O +marrow O +progenitor O +cells O +: O +potential O +relevance O +to O +remoxipride B-Chemical +- O +induced O +aplastic O +anemia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +antipsychotic O +agent O +, O +remoxipride B-Chemical +[ O +( B-Chemical +S I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bromo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +N I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +[ I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ethyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +pyrrolidinyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dimethoxybenz I-Chemical +amide I-Chemical +] O +has O +been O +associated O +with O +acquired O +aplastic O +anemia O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +examined O +the O +ability O +of O +remoxipride B-Chemical +, O +three O +pyrrolidine B-Chemical +ring O +metabolites O +and O +five O +aromatic O +ring O +metabolites O +of O +the O +parent O +compound O +to O +induce O +apoptosis O +in O +HL60 O +cells O +and O +human O +bone O +marrow O +progenitor O +( O +HBMP O +) O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Cells O +were O +treated O +for O +0 O +- O +24 O +h O +with O +each O +compound O +( O +0 O +- O +200 O +microM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Apoptosis O +was O +assessed O +by O +fluorescence O +microscopy O +in O +Hoechst B-Chemical +33342 I-Chemical +- O +and O +propidium B-Chemical +iodide I-Chemical +stained O +cell O +samples O +. O + +aps B-category +Results O +were O +confirmed O +by O +determination O +of O +internucleosomal O +DNA O +fragmentation O +using O +gel O +electrophoresis O +for O +HL60 O +cell O +samples O +and O +terminal O +deoxynucleotidyl O +transferase O +assay O +in O +HBMP O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +catechol B-Chemical +and O +hydroquinone B-Chemical +metabolites O +, O +NCQ436 B-Chemical +and O +NCQ344 B-Chemical +, O +induced O +apoptosis O +in O +HL60 O +and O +HBMP O +cells O +in O +a O +time O +- O +and O +concentration O +dependent O +manner O +, O +while O +the O +phenols B-Chemical +, O +NCR181 O +, O +FLA873 O +, O +and O +FLA797 B-Chemical +, O +and O +the O +derivatives O +formed O +by O +oxidation O +of O +the O +pyrrolidine B-Chemical +ring O +, O +FLA838 O +, O +NCM001 O +, O +and O +NCL118 O +, O +had O +no O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +necrosis O +was O +observed O +in O +cells O +treated O +with O +NCQ436 B-Chemical +but O +NCQ344 B-Chemical +had O +a O +biphasic O +effect O +in O +both O +cell O +types O +, O +inducing O +apoptosis O +at O +lower O +concentrations O +and O +necrosis O +at O +higher O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +show O +that O +the O +catechol B-Chemical +and O +hydroquinone B-Chemical +metabolites O +of O +remoxipride B-Chemical +have O +direct O +toxic O +effects O +in O +HL60 O +and O +HBMP O +cells O +, O +leading O +to O +apoptosis O +, O +while O +the O +phenol B-Chemical +metabolites O +were O +inactive O +. O + +aps B-category +Similarly O +, O +benzene B-Chemical +- O +derived O +catechol B-Chemical +and O +hydroquinone B-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +phenol B-Chemical +, O +induce O +apoptosis O +in O +HBMP O +cells O +[ O +Moran O +et O +al O +. O +, O +Mol O +. O +Pharmacol O +. O +, O +50 O +( O +1996 O +) O +610 O +- O +615 O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +propose O +that O +remoxipride B-Chemical +and O +benzene B-Chemical +may O +induce O +aplastic O +anemia O +via O +production O +of O +similar O +reactive O +metabolites O +and O +that O +the O +ability O +of O +NCQ436 B-Chemical +and O +NCQ344 B-Chemical +to O +induce O +apoptosis O +in O +HBMP O +cells O +may O +contribute O +to O +the O +mechanism O +underlying O +acquired O +aplastic O +anemia O +that O +has O +been O +associated O +with O +remoxipride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Synthesis O +and O +preliminary O +pharmacological O +investigations O +of O +1 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dihydro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acenaphthylenyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +piperazine I-Chemical +derivatives O +as O +potential O +atypical O +antipsychotic O +agents O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +research O +towards O +the O +development O +of O +new O +atypical O +antipsychotic O +agents O +, O +one O +strategy O +is O +that O +the O +dopaminergic O +system O +can O +be O +modulated O +through O +manipulation O +of O +the O +serotonergic O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +synthesis O +and O +preliminary O +pharmacological O +evaluation O +of O +a O +series O +of O +potential O +atypical O +antipsychotic O +agents O +based O +on O +the O +structure O +of O +1 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dihydro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acenaphthylenyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +piperazine I-Chemical +( O +7 O +) O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +Compound O +7e O +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +{ I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +[ I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dihydro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acenaphthylenyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +piperazinyl I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +ethyl I-Chemical +} I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dihy I-Chemical +dro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1H I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +indol I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +one I-Chemical +, O +from O +this O +series O +showed O +significant O +affinities O +at O +the O +5 O +- O +HT1A O +and O +5 O +- O +HT2A O +receptors O +and O +moderate O +affinity O +at O +the O +D2 O +receptor O +. O + +aps B-category +7e O +exhibits O +a O +high O +reversal O +of O +catalepsy O +induced O +by O +haloperidol B-Chemical +indicating O +its O +atypical O +antipsychotic O +nature O +. O + +aps B-category +Sub O +- O +chronic O +inhibition O +of O +nitric B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +synthesis O +modifies O +haloperidol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +catalepsy O +and O +the O +number O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +- O +diaphorase O +neurons O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +RATIONALE O +: O +NG B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nitro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +( O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +NOARG I-Chemical +) O +, O +an O +inhibitor O +of O +nitric B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +synthase O +( O +NOS O +) O +, O +induces O +catalepsy O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +effect O +undergoes O +rapid O +tolerance O +, O +showing O +a O +significant O +decrease O +after O +2 O +days O +of O +sub O +- O +chronic O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +NOARG I-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Nitric B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +( O +NO B-Chemical +) O +has O +been O +shown O +to O +influence O +dopaminergic O +neurotransmission O +in O +the O +striatum O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuroleptic O +drugs O +such O +as O +haloperidol B-Chemical +, O +which O +block O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptors O +, O +also O +cause O +catalepsy O +in O +rodents O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVES O +: O +To O +investigate O +the O +effects O +of O +subchronic O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +NOARG I-Chemical +treatment O +in O +haloperidol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +catalepsy O +and O +the O +number O +of O +NOS O +neurons O +in O +areas O +related O +to O +motor O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Male O +albino O +Swiss O +mice O +were O +treated O +sub O +- O +chronically O +( O +twice O +a O +day O +for O +4 O +days O +) O +with O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +NOARG I-Chemical +( O +40 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +or O +haloperidol B-Chemical +( O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Catalepsy O +was O +evaluated O +at O +the O +beginning O +and O +the O +end O +of O +the O +treatments O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduced O +nicotinamide B-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +dinucleotide I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +- O +diaphorase O +( O +NADPH B-Chemical +- O +d O +) O +histochemistry O +was O +also O +employed O +to O +visualize O +NOS O +as O +an O +index O +of O +enzyme O +expression O +in O +mice O +brain O +regions O +related O +to O +motor O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +NOARG I-Chemical +sub O +- O +chronic O +administration O +produced O +tolerance O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +NOARG I-Chemical +and O +of O +haloperidol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +catalepsy O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +also O +induced O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +number O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +- O +d O +- O +positive O +cells O +in O +the O +dorsal O +part O +of O +the O +caudate O +and O +accumbens O +nuclei O +compared O +with O +haloperidol B-Chemical +and O +in O +the O +pedunculopontine O +tegmental O +nucleus O +compared O +with O +saline O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast O +, O +there O +was O +a O +decrease O +in O +NADPH B-Chemical +- O +d O +neuron O +number O +in O +the O +substantia O +nigra O +, O +pars O +compacta O +in O +both O +haloperidol B-Chemical +- O +treated O +and O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +NOARG I-Chemical +- O +treated O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +The O +results O +give O +further O +support O +to O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +NO B-Chemical +plays O +a O +role O +in O +motor O +behavior O +control O +and O +suggest O +that O +it O +may O +take O +part O +in O +the O +synaptic O +changes O +produced O +by O +antipsychotic O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Prolonged O +left O +ventricular O +dysfunction O +occurs O +in O +patients O +with O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +after O +both O +dobutamine B-Chemical +and O +exercise O +induced O +myocardial O +ischaemia O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +determine O +whether O +pharmacological O +stress O +leads O +to O +prolonged O +but O +reversible O +left O +ventricular O +dysfunction O +in O +patients O +with O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +, O +similar O +to O +that O +seen O +after O +exercise O +. O + +aps B-category +DESIGN O +: O +A O +randomised O +crossover O +study O +of O +recovery O +time O +of O +systolic O +and O +diastolic O +left O +ventricular O +function O +after O +exercise O +and O +dobutamine B-Chemical +induced O +ischaemia O +. O + +aps B-category +SUBJECTS O +: O +10 O +patients O +with O +stable O +angina O +, O +angiographically O +proven O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +, O +and O +normal O +left O +ventricular O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +INTERVENTIONS O +: O +Treadmill O +exercise O +and O +dobutamine B-Chemical +stress O +were O +performed O +on O +different O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +Quantitative O +assessment O +of O +systolic O +and O +diastolic O +left O +ventricular O +function O +was O +performed O +using O +transthoracic O +echocardiography O +at O +baseline O +and O +at O +regular O +intervals O +after O +each O +test O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Both O +forms O +of O +stress O +led O +to O +prolonged O +but O +reversible O +systolic O +and O +diastolic O +dysfunction O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +difference O +in O +the O +maximum O +double O +product O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +53 O +) O +or O +ST O +depression O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +63 O +) O +with O +either O +form O +of O +stress O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +exercise O +, O +ejection O +fraction O +was O +reduced O +at O +15 O +and O +30 O +minutes O +compared O +with O +baseline O +( O +mean O +( O +SEM O +) O +, O +- O +5 O +. O +6 O +( O +1 O +. O +5 O +) O +% O +, O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +; O +and O +- O +6 O +. O +1 O +( O +2 O +. O +2 O +) O +% O +, O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +, O +and O +at O +30 O +and O +45 O +minutes O +after O +dobutamine B-Chemical +( O +- O +10 O +. O +8 O +( O +1 O +. O +8 O +) O +% O +and O +- O +5 O +. O +5 O +( O +1 O +. O +8 O +) O +% O +, O +both O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Regional O +analysis O +showed O +a O +reduction O +in O +the O +worst O +affected O +segment O +15 O +and O +30 O +minutes O +after O +exercise O +( O +- O +27 O +. O +9 O +( O +7 O +. O +2 O +) O +% O +and O +- O +28 O +. O +6 O +( O +5 O +. O +7 O +) O +% O +, O +both O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +, O +and O +at O +30 O +minutes O +after O +dobutamine B-Chemical +( O +- O +32 O +( O +5 O +. O +3 O +) O +% O +, O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +isovolumic O +relaxation O +period O +was O +prolonged O +45 O +minutes O +after O +each O +form O +of O +stress O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +In O +patients O +with O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +, O +dobutamine B-Chemical +induced O +ischaemia O +results O +in O +prolonged O +reversible O +left O +ventricular O +dysfunction O +, O +presumed O +to O +be O +myocardial O +stunning O +, O +similar O +to O +that O +seen O +after O +exercise O +. O + +aps B-category +Dobutamine B-Chemical +induced O +ischaemia O +could O +therefore O +be O +used O +to O +study O +the O +pathophysiology O +of O +this O +phenomenon O +further O +in O +patients O +with O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Anorexigens O +and O +pulmonary O +hypertension O +in O +the O +United O +States O +: O +results O +from O +the O +surveillance O +of O +North O +American O +pulmonary O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +The O +use O +of O +appetite O +suppressants O +in O +Europe O +has O +been O +associated O +with O +the O +development O +of O +primary O +pulmonary O +hypertension O +( O +PPH O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Recently O +, O +fenfluramine B-Chemical +appetite O +suppressants O +became O +widely O +used O +in O +the O +United O +States O +but O +were O +withdrawn O +in O +September O +1997 O +because O +of O +concerns O +over O +adverse O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +MATERIALS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +We O +conducted O +a O +prospective O +surveillance O +study O +on O +patients O +diagnosed O +with O +pulmonary O +hypertension O +at O +12 O +large O +referral O +centers O +in O +North O +America O +. O + +aps B-category +Data O +collected O +on O +patients O +seen O +from O +September O +1 O +, O +1996 O +, O +to O +December O +31 O +, O +1997 O +, O +included O +the O +cause O +of O +the O +pulmonary O +hypertension O +and O +its O +severity O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +with O +no O +identifiable O +cause O +of O +pulmonary O +hypertension O +were O +classed O +as O +PPH O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +history O +of O +drug O +exposure O +also O +was O +taken O +with O +special O +attention O +on O +the O +use O +of O +antidepressants O +, O +anorexigens O +, O +and O +amphetamines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Five O +hundred O +seventy O +- O +nine O +patients O +were O +studied O +, O +205 O +with O +PPH O +and O +374 O +with O +pulmonary O +hypertension O +from O +other O +causes O +( O +secondary O +pulmonary O +hypertension O +[ O +SPH O +] O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +use O +of O +anorexigens O +was O +common O +in O +both O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +of O +the O +medications O +surveyed O +, O +only O +the O +fenfluramines B-Chemical +had O +a O +significant O +preferential O +association O +with O +PPH O +as O +compared O +with O +SPH O +( O +adjusted O +odds O +ratio O +for O +use O +> O +6 O +months O +, O +7 O +. O +5 O +; O +95 O +% O +confidence O +interval O +, O +1 O +. O +7 O +to O +32 O +. O +4 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +association O +was O +stronger O +with O +longer O +duration O +of O +use O +when O +compared O +to O +shorter O +duration O +of O +use O +and O +was O +more O +pronounced O +in O +recent O +users O +than O +in O +remote O +users O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +unexpectedly O +high O +( O +11 O +. O +4 O +% O +) O +number O +of O +patients O +with O +SPH O +had O +used O +anorexigens O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +The O +magnitude O +of O +the O +association O +with O +PPH O +, O +the O +increase O +of O +association O +with O +increasing O +duration O +of O +use O +, O +and O +the O +specificity O +for O +fenfluramines B-Chemical +are O +consistent O +with O +previous O +studies O +indicating O +that O +fenfluramines B-Chemical +are O +causally O +related O +to O +PPH O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +high O +prevalence O +of O +anorexigen O +use O +in O +patients O +with O +SPH O +also O +raises O +the O +possibility O +that O +these O +drugs O +precipitate O +pulmonary O +hypertension O +in O +patients O +with O +underlying O +conditions O +associated O +with O +SPH O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +aspects O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thrombocytopenia O +and O +thrombosis O +and O +other O +side O +effects O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Heparin B-Chemical +, O +first O +used O +to O +prevent O +the O +clotting O +of O +blood O +in O +vitro O +, O +has O +been O +clinically O +used O +to O +treat O +thrombosis O +for O +more O +than O +50 O +years O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +several O +new O +anticoagulant O +drugs O +are O +in O +development O +, O +heparin B-Chemical +remains O +the O +anticoagulant O +of O +choice O +to O +treat O +acute O +thrombotic O +episodes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +clinical O +effects O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +are O +meritorious O +, O +but O +side O +effects O +do O +exist O +. O + +aps B-category +Bleeding O +is O +the O +primary O +untoward O +effect O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Major O +bleeding O +is O +of O +primary O +concern O +in O +patients O +receiving O +heparin B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +additional O +important O +untoward O +effects O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +therapy O +include O +heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thrombocytopenia O +, O +heparin B-Chemical +- O +associated O +osteoporosis O +, O +eosinophilia O +, O +skin O +reactions O +, O +allergic O +reactions O +other O +than O +thrombocytopenia O +, O +alopecia O +, O +transaminasemia O +, O +hyperkalemia O +, O +hypoaldosteronism O +, O +and O +priapism O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +side O +effects O +are O +relatively O +rare O +in O +a O +given O +individual O +, O +but O +given O +the O +extremely O +widespread O +use O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +, O +some O +are O +quite O +common O +, O +particularly O +HITT O +and O +osteoporosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +reasonable O +incidences O +of O +many O +of O +these O +side O +effects O +can O +be O +" O +softly O +" O +deduced O +from O +current O +reports O +dealing O +with O +unfractionated O +heparin B-Chemical +, O +at O +present O +the O +incidences O +of O +these O +side O +effects O +with O +newer O +low O +molecular O +weight O +heparins B-Chemical +appear O +to O +be O +much O +less O +common O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +only O +longer O +experience O +will O +more O +clearly O +define O +the O +incidence O +of O +each O +side O +effect O +with O +low O +molecular O +weight O +preparations O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +case O +of O +bilateral O +optic O +neuropathy O +in O +a O +patient O +on O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +( O +FK506 B-Chemical +) O +therapy O +after O +liver O +transplantation O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +To O +report O +a O +case O +of O +bilateral O +optic O +neuropathy O +in O +a O +patient O +receiving O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +( O +FK B-Chemical +506 I-Chemical +, O +Prograf O +; O +Fujisawa O +USA O +, O +Inc O +, O +Deerfield O +, O +Illinois O +) O +for O +immunosuppression O +after O +orthotropic O +liver O +transplantation O +. O + +aps B-category +METHOD O +: O +Case O +report O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +58 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +man O +receiving O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +after O +orthotropic O +liver O +transplantation O +, O +serial O +neuro O +- O +ophthalmologic O +examinations O +and O +laboratory O +studies O +were O +performed O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +patient O +had O +episodic O +deterioration O +of O +vision O +in O +both O +eyes O +, O +with O +clinical O +features O +resembling O +ischemic O +optic O +neuropathies O +. O + +aps B-category +Deterioration O +of O +vision O +occurred O +despite O +discontinuation O +of O +the O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Tacrolimus B-Chemical +and O +other O +immunosuppressive O +agents O +may O +be O +associated O +with O +optic O +nerve O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Hypercalcemia O +, O +arrhythmia O +, O +and O +mood O +stabilizers O +. O + +aps B-category +Recent O +findings O +in O +a O +bipolar O +patient O +receiving O +maintenance O +lithium B-Chemical +therapy O +who O +developed O +hypercalcemia O +and O +severe O +bradyarrhythmia O +prompted O +the O +authors O +to O +conduct O +a O +retrospective O +study O +of O +bipolar O +patients O +with O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +associated O +hypercalcemia O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +printout O +of O +all O +cases O +of O +hypercalcemia O +that O +presented O +during O +a O +1 O +- O +year O +period O +was O +generated O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +eliminating O +spurious O +hypercalcemias O +or O +those O +associated O +with O +intravenous O +fluids O +, O +the O +authors O +identified O +18 O +non O +- O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +treated O +patients O +with O +hypercalcemias O +related O +to O +malignancies O +and O +other O +medical O +conditions O +( O +group O +A O +) O +and O +12 O +patients O +with O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +associated O +hypercalcemia O +( O +group O +B O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +in O +group O +B O +were O +not O +comparable O +to O +those O +in O +group O +A O +, O +as O +the O +latter O +were O +medically O +compromised O +and O +were O +receiving O +multiple O +pharmacotherapies O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +two O +control O +groups O +were O +generated O +: O +group O +C1 O +, O +which O +included O +age O +- O +and O +sex O +- O +comparable O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +treated O +bipolar O +normocalcemic O +patients O +, O +and O +group O +C2 O +, O +which O +included O +bipolar O +normocalcemic O +patients O +treated O +with O +anticonvulsant O +mood O +stabilizers O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +electrocardiographic O +( O +ECG O +) O +findings O +for O +patients O +in O +group O +B O +were O +compared O +with O +those O +of O +patients O +in O +groups O +C1 O +and O +C2 O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +found O +that O +these O +groups O +did O +not O +differ O +in O +their O +overall O +frequency O +of O +ECG O +abnormalities O +; O +however O +, O +there O +were O +significant O +differences O +in O +the O +frequency O +of O +conduction O +defects O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +with O +hypercalcemia O +resulting O +from O +medical O +diseases O +and O +bipolar O +patients O +with O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +associated O +hypercalcemia O +had O +significantly O +higher O +frequencies O +of O +conduction O +defects O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +in O +group O +A O +had O +significant O +mortality O +at O +2 O +- O +year O +follow O +- O +up O +( O +28 O +% O +) O +, O +in O +contrast O +to O +zero O +mortality O +in O +the O +other O +three O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +clinical O +implications O +of O +these O +findings O +are O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Attenuation O +of O +nephrotoxicity O +by O +a O +novel O +lipid O +nanosphere O +( O +NS O +- O +718 O +) O +incorporating O +amphotericin B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +NS O +- O +718 O +, O +a O +lipid O +nanosphere O +incorporating O +amphotericin B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +, O +is O +effective O +against O +pathogenic O +fungi O +and O +has O +low O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +compared O +the O +toxicity O +of O +NS O +- O +718 O +with O +that O +of O +Fungizone B-Chemical +( O +amphotericin B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sodium I-Chemical +deoxycholate I-Chemical +; O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +AmB I-Chemical +) O +in O +vitro O +using O +renal O +cell O +cultures O +and O +in O +vivo O +by O +biochemical O +analysis O +, O +histopathological O +study O +of O +the O +kidney O +and O +pharmacokinetic O +study O +of O +amphotericin B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +following O +intravenous O +infusion O +of O +the O +formulation O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Incubation O +with O +NS O +- O +718 O +resulted O +in O +significantly O +less O +damage O +of O +cultured O +human O +renal O +proximal O +tubular O +epithelial O +cells O +compared O +with O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +AmB I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +blood O +urea B-Chemical +and O +creatinine B-Chemical +concentrations O +increased O +significantly O +in O +rats O +given O +an O +iv O +infusion O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +AmB I-Chemical +3 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +but O +not O +in O +those O +given O +the O +same O +dose O +of O +NS O +- O +718 O +. O + +aps B-category +Histopathological O +examination O +of O +the O +kidney O +showed O +tubular O +necrosis O +in O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +AmB I-Chemical +- O +treated O +rats O +but O +no O +change O +in O +NS O +- O +718 O +- O +treated O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Amphotericin B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +concentrations O +in O +the O +kidney O +in O +NS O +- O +718 O +- O +treated O +rats O +were O +higher O +than O +those O +in O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +AmB I-Chemical +- O +treated O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +in O +vitro O +and O +in O +vivo O +results O +suggest O +that O +incorporation O +of O +amphotericin B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +into O +lipid O +nanospheres O +of O +NS O +- O +718 O +attenuates O +the O +nephrotoxicity O +of O +amphotericin B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Patterns O +of O +sulfadiazine B-Chemical +acute O +nephrotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Sulfadiazine B-Chemical +acute O +nephrotoxicity O +is O +reviving O +specially O +because O +of O +its O +use O +in O +toxoplasmosis O +in O +HIV O +- O +positive O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +4 O +cases O +, O +one O +of O +them O +in O +a O +previously O +healthy O +person O +. O + +aps B-category +Under O +treatment O +with O +sulfadiazine B-Chemical +they O +developed O +oliguria O +, O +abdominal O +pain O +, O +renal O +failure O +and O +showed O +multiple O +radiolucent O +renal O +calculi O +in O +echography O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +patients O +recovered O +their O +previous O +normal O +renal O +function O +after O +adequate O +hydration O +and O +alcalinization O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +nephrostomy O +tube O +had O +to O +be O +placed O +in O +one O +of O +the O +patients O +for O +ureteral O +lithiasis O +in O +a O +single O +functional O +kidney O +. O + +aps B-category +None O +of O +them O +needed O +dialysis O +or O +a O +renal O +biopsy O +because O +of O +a O +typical O +benign O +course O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +with O +sulfadiazine B-Chemical +requires O +exquisite O +control O +of O +renal O +function O +, O +an O +increase O +in O +water O +ingestion O +and O +possibly O +the O +alcalinization O +of O +the O +urine O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +communicate O +a O +case O +in O +a O +previously O +healthy O +person O +, O +a O +fact O +not O +found O +in O +the O +recent O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +Probably O +many O +more O +cases O +are O +not O +detected O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +think O +that O +a O +prospective O +study O +would O +be O +useful O +. O + +aps B-category +Downbeat O +nystagmus O +associated O +with O +intravenous O +patient O +- O +controlled O +administration O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +IMPLICATIONS O +: O +This O +case O +documents O +a O +patient O +who O +developed O +dizziness O +with O +downbeating O +nystagmus O +while O +receiving O +a O +relatively O +large O +dose O +of O +IV O +patient O +- O +controlled O +analgesia O +morphine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +there O +have O +been O +case O +reports O +of O +epidural O +morphine B-Chemical +with O +these O +symptoms O +and O +signs O +, O +this O +has O +not O +been O +previously O +documented O +with O +IV O +or O +patient O +- O +controlled O +analgesia O +morphine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Hemodynamic O +and O +antiadrenergic O +effects O +of O +dronedarone B-Chemical +and O +amiodarone B-Chemical +in O +animals O +with O +a O +healed O +myocardial O +infarction O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hemodynamic O +and O +antiadrenergic O +effects O +of O +dronedarone B-Chemical +, O +a O +noniodinated O +compound O +structurally O +related O +to O +amiodarone B-Chemical +, O +were O +compared O +with O +those O +of O +amiodarone B-Chemical +after O +prolonged O +oral O +administration O +, O +both O +at O +rest O +and O +during O +sympathetic O +stimulation O +in O +conscious O +dogs O +with O +a O +healed O +myocardial O +infarction O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +dogs O +( O +n O += O +6 O +) O +randomly O +received O +orally O +dronedarone B-Chemical +( O +10 O +and O +30 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +, O +amiodarone B-Chemical +( O +10 O +and O +30 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +, O +and O +placebo O +twice O +daily O +for O +7 O +days O +, O +with O +a O +3 O +- O +week O +washout O +between O +consecutive O +treatments O +. O + +aps B-category +Heart O +rate O +( O +HR O +) O +, O +mean O +arterial O +pressure O +( O +MBP O +) O +, O +positive O +rate O +of O +increase O +of O +left O +ventricular O +pressure O +( O ++ O +LVdP O +/ O +dt O +) O +, O +echocardiographically O +assessed O +left O +ventricular O +ejection O +fraction O +( O +LVEF O +) O +, O +and O +fractional O +shortening O +( O +FS O +) O +, O +as O +well O +as O +chronotropic O +response O +to O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +and O +exercise O +- O +induced O +sympathetic O +stimulation O +were O +evaluated O +under O +baseline O +and O +posttreatment O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +Resting O +values O +of O +LVEF O +, O +FS O +, O ++ O +LVdP O +/ O +dt O +, O +and O +MBP O +remained O +unchanged O +whatever O +the O +drug O +and O +the O +dosing O +regimen O +, O +whereas O +resting O +HR O +was O +significantly O +and O +dose O +- O +dependently O +lowered O +after O +dronedarone B-Chemical +and O +to O +a O +lesser O +extent O +after O +amiodarone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +dronedarone B-Chemical +and O +amiodarone B-Chemical +significantly O +reduced O +the O +exercise O +- O +induced O +tachycardia O +and O +, O +at O +the O +highest O +dose O +, O +decreased O +the O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +tachycardia O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +dronedarone B-Chemical +and O +amiodarone B-Chemical +displayed O +a O +similar O +level O +of O +antiadrenergic O +effect O +and O +did O +not O +impair O +the O +resting O +left O +ventricular O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +Consequently O +, O +dronedarone B-Chemical +might O +be O +particularly O +suitable O +for O +the O +treatment O +and O +prevention O +of O +various O +clinical O +arrhythmias O +, O +without O +compromising O +the O +left O +ventricular O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +Phase O +2 O +trial O +of O +liposomal O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +( O +40 O +mg O +/ O +m O +( O +2 O +) O +) O +in O +platinum B-Chemical +/ O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +- O +refractory O +ovarian O +and O +fallopian O +tube O +cancers O +and O +primary O +carcinoma O +of O +the O +peritoneum O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Several O +studies O +have O +demonstrated O +liposomal O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +( O +Doxil B-Chemical +) O +to O +be O +an O +active O +antineoplastic O +agent O +in O +platinum B-Chemical +- O +resistant O +ovarian O +cancer O +, O +with O +dose O +limiting O +toxicity O +of O +the O +standard O +dosing O +regimen O +( O +50 O +mg O +/ O +m O +( O +2 O +) O +q O +4 O +weeks O +) O +being O +severe O +erythrodysesthesia O +( O +" O +hand O +- O +foot O +syndrome O +" O +) O +and O +stomatitis O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +wished O +to O +develop O +a O +more O +tolerable O +liposomal O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +treatment O +regimen O +and O +document O +its O +level O +of O +activity O +in O +a O +well O +- O +defined O +patient O +population O +with O +platinum B-Chemical +/ O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +- O +refractory O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +AND O +MATERIALS O +: O +Patients O +with O +ovarian O +or O +fallopian O +tube O +cancers O +or O +primary O +peritoneal O +carcinoma O +with O +platinum B-Chemical +/ O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +- O +refractory O +disease O +( O +stable O +or O +progressive O +disease O +following O +treatment O +with O +these O +agents O +or O +previous O +objective O +response O +< O +3 O +months O +in O +duration O +) O +were O +treated O +with O +liposomal O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +at O +a O +dose O +of O +40 O +mg O +/ O +m O +( O +2 O +) O +q O +4 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +A O +total O +of O +49 O +patients O +( O +median O +age O +: O +60 O +; O +range O +41 O +- O +81 O +) O +entered O +this O +phase O +2 O +trial O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +median O +number O +of O +prior O +regimens O +was O +2 O +( O +range O +: O +1 O +- O +6 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Six O +( O +12 O +% O +) O +and O +4 O +( O +8 O +% O +) O +patients O +experienced O +grade O +2 O +hand O +- O +foot O +syndrome O +and O +stomatitis O +, O +respectively O +( O +no O +episodes O +of O +grade O +3 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +patient O +developed O +grade O +3 O +diarrhea O +requiring O +hospitalization O +for O +hydration O +. O + +aps B-category +Six O +( O +12 O +% O +) O +individuals O +required O +dose O +reductions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +median O +number O +of O +courses O +of O +liposomal O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +administered O +on O +this O +protocol O +was O +2 O +( O +range O +: O +1 O +- O +12 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +of O +44 O +patients O +( O +9 O +% O +) O +evaluable O +for O +response O +exhibited O +objective O +and O +subjective O +evidence O +of O +an O +antineoplastic O +effect O +of O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +This O +modified O +liposomal O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +regimen O +results O +in O +less O +toxicity O +( O +stomatitis O +, O +hand O +- O +foot O +syndrome O +) O +than O +the O +standard O +FDA O +- O +approved O +dose O +schedule O +. O + +aps B-category +Definite O +, O +although O +limited O +, O +antineoplastic O +activity O +is O +observed O +in O +patients O +with O +well O +- O +defined O +platinum B-Chemical +- O +and O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +- O +refractory O +ovarian O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +Efficacy O +of O +olanzapine B-Chemical +in O +acute O +bipolar O +mania O +: O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +, O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Olanzipine B-Chemical +HGGW O +Study O +Group O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +We O +compared O +the O +efficacy O +and O +safety O +of O +olanzapine B-Chemical +vs O +placebo O +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +acute O +bipolar O +mania O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Four O +- O +week O +, O +randomized O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +, O +parallel O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +total O +of O +115 O +patients O +with O +a O +DSM O +- O +IV O +diagnosis O +of O +bipolar O +disorder O +, O +manic O +or O +mixed O +, O +were O +randomized O +to O +olanzapine B-Chemical +, O +5 O +to O +20 O +mg O +/ O +d O +( O +n O += O +55 O +) O +, O +or O +placebo O +( O +n O += O +60 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +primary O +efficacy O +measure O +was O +the O +Young O +- O +Mania O +Rating O +Scale O +( O +Y O +- O +MRS O +) O +total O +score O +. O + +aps B-category +Response O +and O +euthymia O +were O +defined O +, O +a O +priori O +, O +as O +at O +least O +a O +50 O +% O +improvement O +from O +baseline O +to O +end O +point O +and O +as O +a O +score O +of O +no O +less O +than O +12 O +at O +end O +point O +in O +the O +Y O +- O +MRS O +total O +score O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Safety O +was O +assessed O +using O +adverse O +events O +, O +Extrapyramidal O +Symptom O +( O +EPS O +) O +rating O +scales O +, O +laboratory O +values O +, O +electrocardiograms O +, O +vital O +signs O +, O +and O +weight O +change O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Olanzapine B-Chemical +- O +treated O +patients O +demonstrated O +a O +statistically O +significant O +greater O +mean O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +SD O +) O +improvement O +in O +Y O +- O +MRS O +total O +score O +than O +placebo O +- O +treated O +patients O +( O +- O +14 O +. O +8 O ++ O +/ O +- O +12 O +. O +5 O +and O +- O +8 O +. O +1 O ++ O +/ O +- O +12 O +. O +7 O +, O +respectively O +; O +P O +< O +. O +001 O +) O +, O +which O +was O +evident O +at O +the O +first O +postbaseline O +observation O +1 O +week O +after O +randomization O +and O +was O +maintained O +throughout O +the O +study O +( O +last O +observation O +carried O +forward O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Olanzapine B-Chemical +- O +treated O +patients O +demonstrated O +a O +higher O +rate O +of O +response O +( O +65 O +% O +vs O +43 O +% O +, O +respectively O +; O +P O += O +. O +02 O +) O +and O +euthymia O +( O +61 O +% O +vs O +36 O +% O +, O +respectively O +; O +P O += O +. O +01 O +) O +than O +placebo O +- O +treated O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +were O +no O +statistically O +significant O +differences O +in O +EPSs O +between O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +olanzapine B-Chemical +- O +treated O +patients O +had O +a O +statistically O +significant O +greater O +mean O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +SD O +) O +weight O +gain O +than O +placebo O +- O +treated O +patients O +( O +2 O +. O +1 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +8 O +vs O +0 O +. O +45 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +3 O +kg O +, O +respectively O +) O +and O +also O +experienced O +more O +treatment O +- O +emergent O +somnolence O +( O +21 O +patients O +[ O +38 O +. O +2 O +% O +] O +vs O +5 O +[ O +8 O +. O +3 O +% O +] O +, O +respectively O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Olanzapine B-Chemical +demonstrated O +greater O +efficacy O +than O +placebo O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +acute O +bipolar O +mania O +and O +was O +generally O +well O +tolerated O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +pupil O +dilation O +with O +tropicamide B-Chemical +on O +vision O +and O +driving O +simulator O +performance O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +To O +assess O +the O +effect O +of O +pupil O +dilation O +on O +vision O +and O +driving O +ability O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +A O +series O +of O +tests O +on O +various O +parameters O +of O +visual O +function O +and O +driving O +simulator O +performance O +were O +performed O +on O +12 O +healthy O +drivers O +, O +before O +and O +after O +pupil O +dilation O +using O +guttae O +tropicamide B-Chemical +1 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +driving O +simulator O +( O +Transport O +Research O +Laboratory O +) O +was O +used O +to O +measure O +reaction O +time O +( O +RT O +) O +, O +speed O +maintenance O +and O +steering O +accuracy O +. O + +aps B-category +Tests O +of O +basic O +visual O +function O +included O +high O +- O +and O +low O +- O +contrast O +visual O +acuity O +( O +HCVA O +and O +LCVA O +) O +, O +Pelli O +- O +Robson O +contrast O +threshold O +( O +CT O +) O +and O +Goldmann O +perimetry O +( O +FIELDS O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Useful O +Field O +of O +View O +( O +UFOV O +- O +- O +a O +test O +of O +visual O +attention O +) O +was O +also O +undertaken O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +differences O +in O +the O +pre O +- O +and O +post O +- O +dilatation O +measurements O +were O +tested O +for O +statistical O +significance O +at O +the O +95 O +% O +level O +using O +one O +- O +tail O +paired O +t O +- O +tests O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Pupillary O +dilation O +resulted O +in O +a O +statistically O +significant O +deterioration O +in O +CT O +and O +HCVA O +only O +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +of O +12 O +drivers O +also O +exhibited O +deterioration O +in O +LCVA O +, O +CT O +and O +RT O +. O + +aps B-category +Little O +evidence O +emerged O +for O +deterioration O +in O +FIELDS O +and O +UFOV O +. O + +aps B-category +Also O +, O +7 O +of O +12 O +drivers O +appeared O +to O +adjust O +their O +driving O +behaviour O +by O +reducing O +their O +speed O +on O +the O +driving O +simulator O +, O +leading O +to O +improved O +steering O +accuracy O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Pupillary O +dilation O +may O +lead O +to O +a O +decrease O +in O +vision O +and O +daylight O +driving O +performance O +in O +young O +people O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +larger O +study O +, O +including O +a O +broader O +spectrum O +of O +subjects O +, O +is O +warranted O +before O +guidelines O +can O +be O +recommended O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +case O +of O +isotretinoin O +embryopathy O +with O +bilateral O +anotia O +and O +Taussig O +- O +Bing O +malformation O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +a O +newborn O +infant O +with O +multiple O +congenital O +anomalies O +( O +anotia O +and O +Taussig O +- O +Bing O +malformation O +) O +due O +to O +exposure O +to O +isotretinoin B-Chemical +within O +the O +first O +trimester O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +paper O +we O +aim O +to O +draw O +to O +the O +fact O +that O +caution O +is O +needed O +when O +prescribing O +vitamin B-Chemical +A I-Chemical +- O +containing O +drugs O +to O +women O +of O +childbearing O +years O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +methoxamine B-Chemical +on O +maximum O +urethral O +pressure O +in O +women O +with O +genuine O +stress O +incontinence O +: O +a O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +crossover O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +the O +study O +was O +to O +evaluate O +the O +potential O +role O +for O +a O +selective O +alpha1 O +- O +adrenoceptor O +agonist O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +urinary O +stress O +incontinence O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +randomised O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +, O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +, O +crossover O +study O +design O +was O +employed O +. O + +aps B-category +Half O +log O +incremental O +doses O +of O +intravenous O +methoxamine B-Chemical +or O +placebo O +( O +saline O +) O +were O +administered O +to O +a O +group O +of O +women O +with O +genuine O +stress O +incontinence O +while O +measuring O +maximum O +urethral O +pressure O +( O +MUP O +) O +, O +blood O +pressure O +, O +heart O +rate O +, O +and O +symptomatic O +side O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Methoxamine B-Chemical +evoked O +non O +- O +significant O +increases O +in O +MUP O +and O +diastolic O +blood O +pressure O +but O +caused O +a O +significant O +rise O +in O +systolic O +blood O +pressure O +and O +significant O +fall O +in O +heart O +rate O +at O +maximum O +dosage O +. O + +aps B-category +Systemic O +side O +effects O +including O +piloerection O +, O +headache O +, O +and O +cold O +extremities O +were O +experienced O +in O +all O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +indicate O +that O +the O +clinical O +usefulness O +of O +direct O +, O +peripherally O +acting O +sub O +- O +type O +- O +selective O +alpha1 O +- O +adrenoceptor O +agonists O +in O +the O +medical O +treatment O +of O +stress O +incontinence O +may O +be O +limited O +by O +associated O +piloerection O +and O +cardiovascular O +side O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Hyperglycemic O +effect O +of O +amino B-Chemical +compounds O +structurally O +related O +to O +caproate B-Chemical +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +chronic O +feeding O +of O +small O +amounts O +( O +0 O +. O +3 O +- O +3 O +% O +of O +diet O +weight O +) O +of O +certain O +amino B-Chemical +derivatives O +of O +caproate B-Chemical +resulted O +in O +hyperglycemia O +, O +an O +elevated O +glucose B-Chemical +tolerance O +curve O +and O +, O +occasionally O +, O +glucosuria O +. O + +aps B-category +Effective O +compounds O +included O +norleucine B-Chemical +, O +norvaline B-Chemical +, O +glutamate B-Chemical +, O +epsilon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminocaproate I-Chemical +, O +methionine B-Chemical +, O +and O +leucine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Toleration O +of O +high O +doses O +of O +angiotensin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +converting I-Chemical +enzyme I-Chemical +inhibitors I-Chemical +in O +patients O +with O +chronic O +heart O +failure O +: O +results O +from O +the O +ATLAS O +trial O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Assessment O +of O +Treatment O +with O +Lisinopril B-Chemical +and O +Survival O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Treatment O +with O +angiotensin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +converting I-Chemical +enzyme I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +ACE I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +inhibitors I-Chemical +reduces O +mortality O +and O +morbidity O +in O +patients O +with O +chronic O +heart O +failure O +( O +CHF O +) O +, O +but O +most O +affected O +patients O +are O +not O +receiving O +these O +agents O +or O +are O +being O +treated O +with O +doses O +lower O +than O +those O +found O +to O +be O +efficacious O +in O +trials O +, O +primarily O +because O +of O +concerns O +about O +the O +safety O +and O +tolerability O +of O +these O +agents O +, O +especially O +at O +the O +recommended O +doses O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +study O +examines O +the O +safety O +and O +tolerability O +of O +high O +- O +compared O +with O +low O +- O +dose O +lisinopril B-Chemical +in O +CHF O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +The O +Assessment O +of O +Lisinopril B-Chemical +and O +Survival O +study O +was O +a O +multicenter O +, O +randomized O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +trial O +in O +which O +patients O +with O +or O +without O +previous O +ACE B-Chemical +inhibitor I-Chemical +treatment O +were O +stabilized O +receiving O +medium O +- O +dose O +lisinopril B-Chemical +( O +12 O +. O +5 O +or O +15 O +. O +0 O +mg O +once O +daily O +[ O +OD O +] O +) O +for O +2 O +to O +4 O +weeks O +and O +then O +randomized O +to O +high O +- O +( O +35 O +. O +0 O +or O +32 O +. O +5 O +mg O +OD O +) O +or O +low O +- O +dose O +( O +5 O +. O +0 O +or O +2 O +. O +5 O +mg O +OD O +) O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +with O +New O +York O +Heart O +Association O +classes O +II O +to O +IV O +CHF O +and O +left O +ventricular O +ejection O +fractions O +of O +no O +greater O +than O +0 O +. O +30 O +( O +n O += O +3164 O +) O +were O +randomized O +and O +followed O +up O +for O +a O +median O +of O +46 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +examined O +the O +occurrence O +of O +adverse O +events O +and O +the O +need O +for O +discontinuation O +and O +dose O +reduction O +during O +treatment O +, O +with O +a O +focus O +on O +hypotension O +and O +renal O +dysfunction O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Of O +405 O +patients O +not O +previously O +receiving O +an O +ACE B-Chemical +inhibitor I-Chemical +, O +doses O +in O +only O +4 O +. O +2 O +% O +could O +not O +be O +titrated O +to O +the O +medium O +doses O +required O +for O +randomization O +because O +of O +symptoms O +possibly O +related O +to O +hypotension O +( O +2 O +. O +0 O +% O +) O +or O +because O +of O +renal O +dysfunction O +or O +hyperkalemia O +( O +2 O +. O +3 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Doses O +in O +more O +than O +90 O +% O +of O +randomized O +patients O +in O +the O +high O +- O +and O +low O +- O +dose O +groups O +were O +titrated O +to O +their O +assigned O +target O +, O +and O +the O +mean O +doses O +of O +blinded O +medication O +in O +both O +groups O +remained O +similar O +throughout O +the O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +Withdrawals O +occurred O +in O +27 O +. O +1 O +% O +of O +the O +high O +- O +and O +30 O +. O +7 O +% O +of O +the O +low O +- O +dose O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Subgroups O +presumed O +to O +be O +at O +higher O +risk O +for O +ACE B-Chemical +inhibitor I-Chemical +intolerance O +( O +blood O +pressure O +, O +< O +120 O +mm O +Hg O +; O +creatinine B-Chemical +, O +> O +or O += O +132 O +. O +6 O +micromol O +/ O +L O +[ O +> O +or O += O +1 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +] O +; O +age O +, O +> O +or O += O +70 O +years O +; O +and O +patients O +with O +diabetes O +) O +generally O +tolerated O +the O +high O +- O +dose O +strategy O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +These O +findings O +demonstrate O +that O +ACE B-Chemical +inhibitor I-Chemical +therapy O +in O +most O +patients O +with O +CHF O +can O +be O +successfully O +titrated O +to O +and O +maintained O +at O +high O +doses O +, O +and O +that O +more O +aggressive O +use O +of O +these O +agents O +is O +warranted O +. O + +aps B-category +Cocaine B-Chemical +, O +ethanol B-Chemical +, O +and O +cocaethylene B-Chemical +cardiotoxity O +in O +an O +animal O +model O +of O +cocaine O +and O +ethanol O +abuse O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVES O +: O +Simultaneous O +abuse O +of O +cocaine O +and O +ethanol O +affects O +12 O +million O +Americans O +annually O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +combination O +, O +these O +substances O +are O +substantially O +more O +toxic O +than O +either O +drug O +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +Their O +combined O +cardiac O +toxicity O +may O +be O +due O +to O +independent O +effects O +of O +each O +drug O +; O +however O +, O +they O +may O +also O +be O +due O +to O +cocaethylene B-Chemical +( O +CE B-Chemical +) O +, O +a O +cocaine B-Chemical +metabolite O +formed O +only O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purpose O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +delineate O +the O +role O +of O +CE B-Chemical +in O +the O +combined O +cardiotoxicity O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +and O +ethanol B-Chemical +in O +a O +model O +simulating O +their O +abuse O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Twenty O +- O +three O +dogs O +were O +randomized O +to O +receive O +either O +1 O +) O +three O +intravenous O +( O +IV O +) O +boluses O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +7 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +with O +ethanol B-Chemical +( O +1 O +g O +/ O +kg O +) O +as O +an O +IV O +infusion O +( O +C O ++ O +E O +, O +n O += O +8 O +) O +, O +2 O +) O +three O +cocaine B-Chemical +boluses O +only O +( O +C O +, O +n O += O +6 O +) O +, O +3 O +) O +ethanol B-Chemical +infusion O +only O +( O +E O +, O +n O += O +5 O +) O +, O +or O +4 O +) O +placebo O +boluses O +and O +infusion O +( O +n O += O +4 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Hemodynamic O +measurements O +, O +electrocardiograms O +, O +and O +serum O +drug O +concentrations O +were O +obtained O +at O +baseline O +, O +and O +then O +at O +fixed O +time O +intervals O +after O +each O +drug O +was O +administered O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Two O +of O +eight O +dogs O +in O +the O +C O ++ O +E O +group O +experienced O +cardiovascular O +collapse O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +dramatic O +hemodynamic O +changes O +occurred O +after O +each O +cocaine B-Chemical +bolus O +in O +the O +C O ++ O +E O +and O +C O +only O +groups O +; O +however O +, O +persistent O +hemodynamic O +changes O +occurred O +in O +the O +C O ++ O +E O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +Peak O +CE B-Chemical +levels O +were O +associated O +with O +a O +45 O +% O +( O +SD O ++ O +/ O +- O +22 O +% O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O += O +22 O +% O +to O +69 O +% O +) O +decrease O +in O +cardiac O +output O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +, O +a O +56 O +% O +( O +SD O ++ O +/ O +- O +23 O +% O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O += O +32 O +% O +to O +80 O +% O +) O +decrease O +in O +dP O +/ O +dt O +( O +max O +) O +( O +p O +< O +. O +006 O +) O +, O +and O +a O +23 O +% O +( O +SD O ++ O +/ O +- O +15 O +% O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O += O +7 O +% O +to O +49 O +% O +) O +decrease O +in O +SVO O +( O +2 O +) O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +025 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Ventricular O +arrhythmias O +were O +primarily O +observed O +in O +the O +C O ++ O +E O +group O +, O +in O +which O +four O +of O +eight O +dogs O +experienced O +ventricular O +tachycardia O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Cocaine B-Chemical +and O +ethanol B-Chemical +in O +combination O +were O +more O +toxic O +than O +either O +substance O +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +Co O +- O +administration O +resulted O +in O +prolonged O +cardiac O +toxicity O +and O +was O +dysrhythmogenic O +. O + +aps B-category +Peak O +serum O +cocaethylene B-Chemical +concentrations O +were O +associated O +with O +prolonged O +myocardial O +depression O +. O + +aps B-category +Worsening O +of O +Parkinsonism O +after O +the O +use O +of O +veralipride B-Chemical +for O +treatment O +of O +menopause O +: O +case O +report O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +a O +female O +patient O +with O +stable O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +who O +has O +shown O +a O +marked O +worsening O +of O +her O +motor O +functions O +following O +therapy O +of O +menopause O +related O +symptoms O +with O +veralipride B-Chemical +, O +as O +well O +as O +the O +improvement O +of O +her O +symptoms O +back O +to O +baseline O +after O +discontinuation O +of O +the O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +emphasize O +the O +anti O +- O +dopaminergic O +effect O +of O +veralipride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Viracept B-Chemical +and O +irregular O +heartbeat O +warning O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +group O +of O +doctors O +in O +Boston O +warn O +that O +the O +protease O +inhibitor O +Viracept B-Chemical +may O +cause O +an O +irregular O +heart O +beat O +, O +known O +as O +bradycardia O +, O +in O +people O +with O +HIV O +. O + +aps B-category +Bradycardia O +occurred O +in O +a O +45 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +male O +patient O +who O +was O +Viracept B-Chemical +in O +combination O +with O +other O +anti O +- O +HIV O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +symptoms O +ceased O +after O +switching O +to O +another O +drug O +combination O +. O + +aps B-category +Frequency O +of O +appearance O +of O +myeloperoxidase O +- O +antineutrophil O +cytoplasmic O +antibody O +( O +MPO O +- O +ANCA O +) O +in O +Graves O +' O +disease O +patients O +treated O +with O +propylthiouracil B-Chemical +and O +the O +relationship O +between O +MPO O +- O +ANCA O +and O +clinical O +manifestations O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +Myeloperoxidase O +antineutrophil O +cytoplasmic O +antibody O +( O +MPO O +- O +ANCA O +) O +- O +positive O +vasculitis O +has O +been O +reported O +in O +patients O +with O +Graves O +' O +disease O +who O +were O +treated O +with O +propylthiouracil B-Chemical +( O +PTU B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +appearance O +of O +MPO O +- O +ANCA O +in O +these O +cases O +was O +suspected O +of O +being O +related O +to O +PTU B-Chemical +because O +the O +titres O +of O +MPO O +- O +ANCA O +decreased O +when O +PTU B-Chemical +was O +stopped O +. O + +aps B-category +Nevertheless O +, O +there O +have O +been O +no O +studies O +on O +the O +temporal O +relationship O +between O +the O +appearance O +of O +MPO O +- O +ANCA O +and O +vasculitis O +during O +PTU B-Chemical +therapy O +, O +or O +on O +the O +incidence O +of O +MPO O +- O +ANCA O +in O +untreated O +Graves O +' O +disease O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +we O +sought O +to O +address O +these O +parameters O +in O +patients O +with O +Graves O +' O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +PATIENTS O +: O +We O +investigated O +102 O +untreated O +patients O +with O +hyperthyroidism O +due O +to O +Graves O +' O +disease O +for O +the O +presence O +of O +MPO O +- O +ANCA O +, O +and O +for O +the O +development O +vasculitis O +after O +starting O +PTU B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Twenty O +- O +nine O +of O +them O +were O +later O +excluded O +because O +of O +adverse O +effects O +of O +PTU B-Chemical +or O +because O +the O +observation O +period O +was O +less O +than O +3 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +remaining O +73 O +patients O +( O +55 O +women O +and O +18 O +men O +) O +, O +all O +of O +whom O +were O +examined O +for O +more O +than O +3 O +months O +, O +were O +adopted O +as O +the O +subjects O +of O +the O +investigation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +median O +observation O +period O +was O +23 O +. O +6 O +months O +( O +range O +: O +3 O +- O +37 O +months O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +MEASUREMENTS O +: O +MPO O +- O +ANCA O +was O +measured O +at O +intervals O +of O +2 O +- O +6 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Before O +treatment O +, O +the O +MPO O +- O +ANCA O +titres O +of O +all O +102 O +untreated O +Graves O +' O +disease O +patients O +were O +within O +the O +reference O +range O +( O +below O +10 O +U O +/ O +ml O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +( O +4 O +. O +1 O +% O +) O +of O +the O +73 O +patients O +were O +positive O +for O +MPO O +- O +ANCA O +at O +13 O +, O +16 O +and O +17 O +months O +, O +respectively O +, O +after O +the O +start O +of O +PTU B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +two O +of O +them O +, O +the O +MPO O +- O +ANCA O +titres O +transiently O +increased O +to O +12 O +. O +8 O +and O +15 O +. O +0 O +U O +/ O +ml O +, O +respectively O +, O +despite O +continued O +PTU B-Chemical +therapy O +, O +but O +no O +vasculitic O +disorders O +developed O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +third O +patient O +, O +the O +MPO O +- O +ANCA O +titre O +increased O +to O +204 O +U O +/ O +ml O +and O +she O +developed O +a O +higher O +fever O +, O +oral O +ulcers O +and O +polyarthralgia O +, O +but O +the O +symptoms O +resolved O +2 O +weeks O +after O +stopping O +PTU B-Chemical +therapy O +, O +and O +the O +MPO O +- O +ANCA O +titre O +decreased O +to O +20 O +. O +7 O +U O +/ O +ml O +by O +4 O +months O +after O +discontinuing O +PTU B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +PTU B-Chemical +therapy O +may O +be O +related O +to O +the O +appearance O +of O +MPO O +- O +ANCA O +, O +but O +MPO O +- O +ANCA O +does O +not O +appear O +to O +be O +closely O +related O +to O +vasculitis O +. O + +aps B-category +Prevalence O +of O +heart O +disease O +in O +asymptomatic O +chronic O +cocaine B-Chemical +users O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +determine O +the O +prevalence O +of O +heart O +disease O +in O +outpatient O +young O +asymptomatic O +chronic O +cocaine B-Chemical +users O +, O +35 O +cocaine B-Chemical +users O +and O +32 O +age O +- O +matched O +controls O +underwent O +resting O +and O +exercise O +electrocardiography O +( O +ECG O +) O +and O +Doppler O +echocardiography O +. O + +aps B-category +Findings O +consistent O +with O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +were O +detected O +in O +12 O +( O +34 O +% O +) O +patients O +and O +3 O +( O +9 O +% O +) O +controls O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Decreased O +left O +ventricular O +systolic O +function O +was O +demonstrated O +in O +5 O +( O +14 O +% O +) O +patients O +, O +but O +in O +none O +of O +the O +controls O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +055 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Finally O +, O +resting O +and O +peak O +exercise O +abnormal O +left O +ventricular O +filling O +was O +detected O +in O +38 O +and O +35 O +% O +of O +patients O +as O +compared O +to O +19 O +and O +9 O +% O +of O +controls O +, O +respectively O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +11 O +and O +0 O +. O +02 O +, O +respectively O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +coronary O +artery O +or O +myocardial O +disease O +is O +common O +( O +38 O +% O +) O +in O +young O +asymptomatic O +chronic O +cocaine B-Chemical +users O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +screening O +ECG O +and O +echocardiography O +may O +be O +warranted O +in O +these O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Cardioprotective O +effects O +of O +Picrorrhiza O +kurroa O +against O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +myocardial O +stress O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cardioprotective O +effect O +of O +the O +ethanol B-Chemical +extract O +of O +Picrorrhiza O +kurroa O +rhizomes O +and O +roots O +( O +PK O +) O +on O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +myocardial O +infarction O +in O +rats O +with O +respect O +to O +lipid O +metabolism O +in O +serum O +and O +heart O +tissue O +has O +been O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Oral O +pre O +- O +treatment O +with O +PK O +( O +80 O +mg O +kg O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +day O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +for O +15 O +days O +) O +significantly O +prevented O +the O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +myocardial O +infarction O +and O +maintained O +the O +rats O +at O +near O +normal O +status O +. O + +aps B-category +Phase O +2 O +early O +afterdepolarization O +as O +a O +trigger O +of O +polymorphic O +ventricular O +tachycardia O +in O +acquired O +long O +- O +QT O +syndrome O +: O +direct O +evidence O +from O +intracellular O +recordings O +in O +the O +intact O +left O +ventricular O +wall O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +This O +study O +examined O +the O +role O +of O +phase O +2 O +early O +afterdepolarization O +( O +EAD O +) O +in O +producing O +a O +trigger O +to O +initiate O +torsade O +de O +pointes O +( O +TdP O +) O +with O +QT O +prolongation O +induced O +by O +dl O +- O +sotalol B-Chemical +and O +azimilide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +contribution O +of O +transmural O +dispersion O +of O +repolarization O +( O +TDR O +) O +to O +transmural O +propagation O +of O +EAD O +and O +the O +maintenance O +of O +TdP O +was O +also O +evaluated O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +AND O +RESULTS O +: O +Transmembrane O +action O +potentials O +from O +epicardium O +, O +midmyocardium O +, O +and O +endocardium O +were O +recorded O +simultaneously O +, O +together O +with O +a O +transmural O +ECG O +, O +in O +arterially O +perfused O +canine O +and O +rabbit O +left O +ventricular O +preparations O +. O + +aps B-category +dl O +- O +Sotalol B-Chemical +preferentially O +prolonged O +action O +potential O +duration O +( O +APD O +) O +in O +M O +cells O +dose O +- O +dependently O +( O +1 O +to O +100 O +micromol O +/ O +L O +) O +, O +leading O +to O +QT O +prolongation O +and O +an O +increase O +in O +TDR O +. O + +aps B-category +Azimilide B-Chemical +, O +however O +, O +significantly O +prolonged O +APD O +and O +QT O +interval O +at O +concentrations O +from O +0 O +. O +1 O +to O +10 O +micromol O +/ O +L O +but O +shortened O +them O +at O +30 O +micromol O +/ O +L O +. O + +aps B-category +Unlike O +dl O +- O +sotalol B-Chemical +, O +azimilide B-Chemical +( O +> O +3 O +micromol O +/ O +L O +) O +increased O +epicardial O +APD O +markedly O +, O +causing O +a O +diminished O +TDR O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +both O +dl O +- O +sotalol B-Chemical +and O +azimilide B-Chemical +rarely O +induced O +EADs O +in O +canine O +left O +ventricles O +, O +they O +produced O +frequent O +EADs O +in O +rabbits O +, O +in O +which O +more O +pronounced O +QT O +prolongation O +was O +seen O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +increase O +in O +TDR O +by O +dl O +- O +sotalol B-Chemical +facilitated O +transmural O +propagation O +of O +EADs O +that O +initiated O +multiple O +episodes O +of O +spontaneous O +TdP O +in O +3 O +of O +6 O +rabbit O +left O +ventricles O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +note O +, O +although O +azimilide B-Chemical +( O +3 O +to O +10 O +micromol O +/ O +L O +) O +increased O +APD O +more O +than O +dl O +- O +sotalol B-Chemical +, O +its O +EADs O +often O +failed O +to O +propagate O +transmurally O +, O +probably O +because O +of O +a O +diminished O +TDR O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +This O +study O +provides O +the O +first O +direct O +evidence O +from O +intracellular O +action O +potential O +recordings O +that O +phase O +2 O +EAD O +can O +be O +generated O +from O +intact O +ventricular O +wall O +and O +produce O +a O +trigger O +to O +initiate O +the O +onset O +of O +TdP O +under O +QT O +prolongation O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +pilot O +study O +to O +assess O +the O +safety O +of O +dobutamine B-Chemical +stress O +echocardiography O +in O +the O +emergency O +department O +evaluation O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +associated O +chest O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +STUDY O +OBJECTIVE O +: O +Chest O +pain O +in O +the O +setting O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +use O +poses O +a O +diagnostic O +dilemma O +. O + +aps B-category +Dobutamine B-Chemical +stress O +echocardiography O +( O +DSE O +) O +is O +a O +widely O +available O +and O +sensitive O +test O +for O +evaluating O +cardiac O +ischemia O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +of O +the O +theoretical O +concern O +regarding O +administration O +of O +dobutamine B-Chemical +in O +the O +setting O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +use O +, O +we O +conducted O +a O +pilot O +study O +to O +assess O +the O +safety O +of O +DSE O +in O +emergency O +department O +patients O +with O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +associated O +chest O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +A O +prospective O +case O +series O +was O +conducted O +in O +the O +intensive O +diagnostic O +and O +treatment O +unit O +in O +the O +ED O +of O +an O +urban O +tertiary O +- O +care O +teaching O +hospital O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +were O +eligible O +for O +DSE O +if O +they O +had O +used O +cocaine B-Chemical +within O +24 O +hours O +preceding O +the O +onset O +of O +chest O +pain O +and O +had O +a O +normal O +ECG O +and O +tropinin O +I O +level O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +exhibiting O +signs O +of O +continuing O +cocaine B-Chemical +toxicity O +were O +excluded O +from O +the O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +patients O +were O +admitted O +to O +the O +hospital O +for O +serial O +testing O +after O +the O +DSE O +testing O +in O +the O +intensive O +diagnostic O +and O +treatment O +unit O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Twenty O +- O +four O +patients O +were O +enrolled O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +patients O +had O +inadequate O +resting O +images O +, O +one O +DSE O +was O +terminated O +because O +of O +inferior O +hypokinesis O +, O +another O +DSE O +was O +terminated O +because O +of O +a O +rate O +- O +related O +atrial O +conduction O +deficit O +, O +and O +1 O +patient O +did O +not O +reach O +the O +target O +heart O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +19 O +patients O +completed O +a O +DSE O +and O +reached O +their O +target O +heart O +rates O +. O + +aps B-category +None O +of O +the O +patients O +experienced O +signs O +of O +exaggerated O +adrenergic O +response O +, O +which O +was O +defined O +as O +a O +systolic O +blood O +pressure O +of O +greater O +than O +200 O +mm O +Hg O +or O +the O +occurrence O +of O +tachydysrhythmias O +( O +excluding O +sinus O +tachycardia O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +suggesting O +lack O +of O +exaggerated O +adrenergic O +response O +, O +13 O +( O +65 O +% O +) O +of O +20 O +patients O +required O +supplemental O +atropine B-Chemical +to O +reach O +their O +target O +heart O +rates O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +No O +exaggerated O +adrenergic O +response O +was O +detected O +when O +dobutamine B-Chemical +was O +administered O +to O +patients O +with O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +related O +chest O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +Prenatal O +cocaine B-Chemical +exposure O +and O +cranial O +sonographic O +findings O +in O +preterm O +infants O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +Prenatal O +cocaine B-Chemical +exposure O +has O +been O +linked O +with O +subependymal O +hemorrhage O +and O +the O +formation O +of O +cysts O +that O +are O +detectable O +on O +cranial O +sonography O +in O +neonates O +born O +at O +term O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +sought O +to O +determine O +if O +prenatal O +cocaine B-Chemical +exposure O +increases O +the O +incidence O +of O +subependymal O +cysts O +in O +preterm O +infants O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +We O +retrospectively O +reviewed O +the O +medical O +records O +and O +cranial O +sonograms O +obtained O +during O +a O +1 O +- O +year O +period O +on O +122 O +premature O +( O +< O +36 O +weeks O +of O +gestation O +) O +infants O +. O + +aps B-category +Infants O +were O +categorized O +into O +1 O +of O +2 O +groups O +: O +those O +exposed O +to O +cocaine B-Chemical +and O +those O +not O +exposed O +to O +cocaine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Infants O +were O +assigned O +to O +the O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +exposed O +group O +if O +there O +was O +a O +maternal O +history O +of O +cocaine O +abuse O +during O +pregnancy O +or O +if O +maternal O +or O +neonatal O +urine O +toxicology O +results O +were O +positive O +at O +the O +time O +of O +delivery O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Five O +of O +the O +122 O +infants O +were O +excluded O +from O +the O +study O +because O +of O +insufficient O +medical O +and O +drug O +histories O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +subependymal O +cysts O +in O +the O +117 O +remaining O +infants O +was O +14 O +% O +( O +16 O +of O +117 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +subependymal O +cysts O +in O +infants O +exposed O +to O +cocaine B-Chemical +prenatally O +was O +44 O +% O +( O +8 O +of O +18 O +) O +compared O +with O +8 O +% O +( O +8 O +of O +99 O +) O +in O +the O +unexposed O +group O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +We O +found O +an O +increased O +incidence O +of O +subependymal O +cyst O +formation O +in O +preterm O +infants O +who O +were O +exposed O +to O +cocaine B-Chemical +prenatally O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +result O +is O +consistent O +with O +results O +of O +similar O +studies O +in O +term O +infants O +. O + +aps B-category +Thalidomide B-Chemical +neuropathy O +in O +patients O +treated O +for O +metastatic O +prostate O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +prospectively O +evaluated O +thalidomide B-Chemical +- O +induced O +neuropathy O +using O +electrodiagnostic O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +Sixty O +- O +seven O +men O +with O +metastatic O +androgen B-Chemical +- O +independent O +prostate O +cancer O +in O +an O +open O +- O +label O +trial O +of O +oral O +thalidomide B-Chemical +underwent O +neurologic O +examinations O +and O +nerve O +conduction O +studies O +( O +NCS O +) O +prior O +to O +and O +at O +3 O +- O +month O +intervals O +during O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +NCS O +included O +recording O +of O +sensory O +nerve O +action O +potentials O +( O +SNAPs O +) O +from O +median O +, O +radial O +, O +ulnar O +, O +and O +sural O +nerves O +. O + +aps B-category +SNAP O +amplitudes O +for O +each O +nerve O +were O +expressed O +as O +the O +percentage O +of O +its O +baseline O +, O +and O +the O +mean O +of O +the O +four O +was O +termed O +the O +SNAP O +index O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +40 O +% O +decline O +in O +the O +SNAP O +index O +was O +considered O +clinically O +significant O +. O + +aps B-category +Thalidomide B-Chemical +was O +discontinued O +in O +55 O +patients O +for O +lack O +of O +therapeutic O +response O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +67 O +patients O +initially O +enrolled O +, O +24 O +remained O +on O +thalidomide B-Chemical +for O +3 O +months O +, O +8 O +remained O +at O +6 O +months O +, O +and O +3 O +remained O +at O +9 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +Six O +patients O +developed O +neuropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +symptoms O +and O +a O +decline O +in O +the O +SNAP O +index O +occurred O +concurrently O +. O + +aps B-category +Older O +age O +and O +cumulative O +dose O +were O +possible O +contributing O +factors O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuropathy O +may O +thus O +be O +a O +common O +complication O +of O +thalidomide B-Chemical +in O +older O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +SNAP O +index O +can O +be O +used O +to O +monitor O +peripheral O +neuropathy O +, O +but O +not O +for O +early O +detection O +. O + +aps B-category +Overexpression O +of O +copper B-Chemical +/ O +zinc B-Chemical +- O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +protects O +from O +kanamycin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hearing O +loss O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +participation O +of O +reactive O +oxygen B-Chemical +species O +in O +aminoglycoside B-Chemical +- O +induced O +ototoxicity O +has O +been O +deduced O +from O +observations O +that O +aminoglycoside B-Chemical +- O +iron B-Chemical +complexes O +catalyze O +the O +formation O +of O +superoxide B-Chemical +radicals O +in O +vitro O +and O +that O +antioxidants O +attenuate O +ototoxicity O +in O +vivo O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +therefore O +hypothesized O +that O +overexpression O +of O +Cu B-Chemical +/ O +Zn B-Chemical +- O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +( O +h O +- O +SOD1 O +) O +should O +protect O +transgenic O +mice O +from O +ototoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Immunocytochemistry O +confirmed O +expression O +of O +h O +- O +SOD1 O +in O +inner O +ear O +tissues O +of O +transgenic O +C57BL O +/ O +6 O +- O +TgN O +[ O +SOD1 O +] O +3Cje O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Transgenic O +and O +nontransgenic O +littermates O +received O +kanamycin B-Chemical +( O +400 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +body O +weight O +/ O +day O +) O +for O +10 O +days O +beginning O +on O +day O +10 O +after O +birth O +. O + +aps B-category +Auditory O +thresholds O +were O +tested O +by O +evoked O +auditory O +brain O +stem O +responses O +at O +1 O +month O +after O +birth O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +nontransgenic O +animals O +, O +the O +threshold O +in O +the O +kanamycin B-Chemical +- O +treated O +group O +was O +45 O +- O +50 O +dB O +higher O +than O +in O +saline O +- O +injected O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +transgenic O +group O +, O +kanamycin B-Chemical +increased O +the O +threshold O +by O +only O +15 O +dB O +over O +the O +respective O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +were O +similar O +at O +12 O +and O +24 O +kHz O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +protection O +by O +overexpression O +of O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +supports O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +oxidant O +stress O +plays O +a O +significant O +role O +in O +aminoglycoside B-Chemical +- O +induced O +ototoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +also O +suggest O +transgenic O +animals O +as O +suitable O +models O +to O +investigate O +the O +underlying O +mechanisms O +and O +possible O +strategies O +for O +prevention O +. O + +aps B-category +Fatty O +liver O +induced O +by O +tetracycline B-Chemical +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Dose O +- O +response O +relationships O +and O +effect O +of O +sex O +. O + +aps B-category +Dose O +- O +response O +relationships O +, O +biochemical O +mechanisms O +, O +and O +sex O +differences O +in O +the O +experimental O +fatty O +liver O +induced O +by O +tetracycline B-Chemical +were O +studied O +in O +the O +intact O +rat O +and O +with O +the O +isolated O +perfused O +rat O +liver O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +intact O +male O +and O +female O +rat O +, O +no O +direct O +relationship O +was O +observed O +between O +dose O +of O +tetracycline B-Chemical +and O +hepatic O +accumulation O +of O +triglyceride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +With O +provision O +of O +adequate O +oleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +as O +a O +substrate O +for O +the O +isolated O +perfused O +liver O +, O +a O +direct O +relationship O +was O +observed O +between O +dose O +of O +tetracycline B-Chemical +and O +both O +accumulation O +of O +triglyceride B-Chemical +in O +the O +liver O +and O +depression O +of O +output O +of O +triglyceride B-Chemical +by O +livers O +from O +male O +and O +female O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Marked O +differences O +were O +observed O +between O +female O +and O +male O +rats O +with O +regard O +to O +base O +line O +( O +control O +) O +hepatic O +concentration O +of O +triglyceride B-Chemical +and O +output O +of O +triglyceride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Accumulation O +of O +hepatic O +triglyceride B-Chemical +, O +as O +a O +per O +cent O +of O +control O +values O +, O +in O +response O +to O +graded O +doses O +of O +tetracycline B-Chemical +, O +did O +not O +differ O +significantly O +between O +male O +, O +female O +and O +pregnant O +rat O +livers O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +livers O +from O +female O +, O +and O +especially O +pregnant O +female O +rats O +, O +were O +strikingly O +resistant O +to O +the O +effects O +of O +tetracycline B-Chemical +on O +depression O +of O +output O +of O +triglyceride B-Chemical +under O +these O +experimental O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +differences O +between O +the O +sexes O +could O +not O +be O +related O +to O +altered O +disposition O +of O +tetracycline B-Chemical +or O +altered O +uptake O +of O +oleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Depressed O +hepatic O +secretion O +of O +triglyceride B-Chemical +accounted O +only O +for O +30 O +to O +50 O +% O +of O +accumulated O +hepatic O +triglyceride B-Chemical +, O +indicating O +that O +additional O +mechanisms O +must O +be O +involved O +in O +the O +production O +of O +the O +triglyceride B-Chemical +- O +rich O +fatty O +liver O +in O +response O +to O +tetracycline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Prednisone B-Chemical +induces O +anxiety O +and O +glial O +cerebral O +changes O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +assess O +whether O +prednisone B-Chemical +( O +PDN B-Chemical +) O +produces O +anxiety O +and O +/ O +or O +cerebral O +glial O +changes O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Male O +Wistar O +rats O +were O +studied O +and O +3 O +groups O +were O +formed O +( O +8 O +rats O +per O +group O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +moderate O +- O +dose O +group O +received O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +/ O +day O +PDN B-Chemical +released O +from O +a O +subcutaneous O +implant O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +high O +- O +dose O +group O +, O +implants O +containing O +PDN B-Chemical +equivalent O +to O +60 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +/ O +day O +were O +applied O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +control O +group O +implants O +contained O +no O +PDN B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Anxiety O +was O +assessed O +using O +an O +open O +field O +and O +elevated O +plus O +- O +maze O +devices O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +number O +of O +cells O +and O +cytoplasmic O +transformation O +of O +astrocytes O +and O +microglia O +cells O +were O +assessed O +by O +immunohistochemical O +analyses O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Anxiety O +was O +documented O +in O +both O +groups O +of O +PDN B-Chemical +treated O +rats O +compared O +with O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +magnitude O +of O +transformation O +of O +the O +microglia O +assessed O +by O +the O +number O +of O +intersections O +was O +significantly O +higher O +in O +the O +PDN B-Chemical +groups O +than O +in O +controls O +in O +the O +prefrontal O +cortex O +( O +moderate O +- O +dose O +, O +24 O +. O +1 O +; O +high O +- O +dose O +, O +23 O +. O +6 O +; O +controls O +18 O +. O +7 O +; O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +and O +striatum O +( O +moderate O +- O +dose O +25 O +. O +6 O +; O +high O +- O +dose O +26 O +. O +3 O +; O +controls O +18 O +. O +9 O +; O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +, O +but O +not O +in O +hippocampus O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +number O +of O +stained O +microglia O +cells O +was O +significantly O +higher O +in O +the O +PDN B-Chemical +treated O +groups O +in O +the O +prefrontal O +cortex O +than O +in O +controls O +( O +moderate O +- O +dose O +, O +29 O +. O +1 O +; O +high O +- O +dose O +, O +28 O +. O +4 O +; O +control O +, O +17 O +. O +7 O +cells O +per O +field O +; O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Stained O +microglia O +cells O +were O +significantly O +more O +numerous O +striatum O +and O +hippocampus O +in O +the O +high O +- O +dose O +group O +compared O +to O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Subacute O +exposure O +to O +PDN B-Chemical +induced O +anxiety O +and O +reactivity O +of O +microglia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relevance O +of O +these O +features O +for O +patients O +using O +PDN B-Chemical +remains O +to O +be O +elucidated O +. O + +aps B-category +Phase O +II O +study O +of O +carboplatin B-Chemical +and O +liposomal O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +in O +patients O +with O +recurrent O +squamous O +cell O +carcinoma O +of O +the O +cervix O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +The O +activity O +of O +the O +combination O +of O +carboplatin B-Chemical +and O +liposomal O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +was O +tested O +in O +a O +Phase O +II O +study O +of O +patients O +with O +recurrent O +cervical O +carcinoma O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +The O +combination O +of O +carboplatin B-Chemical +( O +area O +under O +the O +concentration O +curve O +[ O +AUC O +] O +, O +5 O +) O +and O +liposomal O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +( O +Doxil B-Chemical +; O +starting O +dose O +, O +40 O +mg O +/ O +m O +( O +2 O +) O +) O +was O +administered O +intravenously O +every O +28 O +days O +to O +37 O +patients O +with O +recurrent O +squamous O +cell O +cervical O +carcinoma O +to O +determine O +antitumor O +activity O +and O +toxicity O +profile O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Twenty O +- O +nine O +patients O +were O +assessable O +for O +response O +, O +and O +35 O +patients O +were O +assessable O +for O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +overall O +response O +rate O +was O +38 O +% O +, O +the O +median O +time O +to O +response O +was O +10 O +weeks O +, O +the O +median O +duration O +of O +response O +was O +26 O +weeks O +, O +and O +the O +median O +survival O +was O +37 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +main O +toxic O +effect O +was O +myelosuppression O +, O +with O +Grade O +3 O +and O +4 O +neutropenia O +in O +16 O +patients O +, O +anemia O +in O +12 O +patients O +, O +thrombocytopenia O +in O +11 O +patients O +, O +and O +neutropenic O +fever O +in O +3 O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +patients O +had O +five O +infusion O +- O +related O +reactions O +during O +the O +infusion O +of O +liposomal O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +, O +leading O +to O +treatment O +discontinuation O +in O +three O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Grade O +> O +or O += O +2 O +nonhematologic O +toxicity O +included O +nausea O +in O +17 O +patients O +, O +emesis O +in O +14 O +patients O +, O +fatigue O +in O +9 O +patients O +, O +mucositis O +and O +/ O +or O +stomatitis O +in O +8 O +patients O +, O +constipation O +in O +6 O +patients O +, O +weight O +loss O +in O +5 O +patients O +, O +hand O +- O +foot O +syndrome O +in O +2 O +patients O +, O +and O +skin O +reactions O +in O +3 O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +The O +combination O +of O +carboplatin B-Chemical +and O +liposomal O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +has O +modest O +activity O +in O +patients O +with O +recurrent O +cervical O +carcinoma O +. O + +aps B-category +Antimicrobial O +- O +induced O +mania O +( O +antibiomania O +) O +: O +a O +review O +of O +spontaneous O +reports O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +authors O +reviewed O +reported O +cases O +of O +antibiotic O +- O +induced O +manic O +episodes O +by O +means O +of O +a O +MEDLINE O +and O +PsychLit O +search O +for O +reports O +of O +antibiotic O +- O +induced O +mania O +. O + +aps B-category +Unpublished O +reports O +were O +requested O +from O +the O +World O +Health O +Organization O +( O +WHO O +) O +and O +the O +Food O +and O +Drug O +Administration O +( O +FDA O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Twenty O +- O +one O +reports O +of O +antimicrobial O +- O +induced O +mania O +were O +found O +in O +the O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +were O +6 O +cases O +implicating O +clarithromycin B-Chemical +, O +13 O +implicating O +isoniazid B-Chemical +, O +and O +1 O +case O +each O +implicating O +erythromycin B-Chemical +and O +amoxicillin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +WHO O +reported O +82 O +cases O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +these O +, O +clarithromycin B-Chemical +was O +implicated O +in O +23 O +( O +27 O +. O +6 O +% O +) O +cases O +, O +ciprofloxacin B-Chemical +in O +12 O +( O +14 O +. O +4 O +% O +) O +cases O +, O +and O +ofloxacin B-Chemical +in O +10 O +( O +12 O +% O +) O +cases O +. O + +aps B-category +Cotrimoxazole B-Chemical +, O +metronidazole B-Chemical +, O +and O +erythromycin B-Chemical +were O +involved O +in O +15 O +reported O +manic O +episodes O +. O + +aps B-category +Cases O +reported O +by O +the O +FDA O +showed O +clarithromycin B-Chemical +and O +ciprofloxacin B-Chemical +to O +be O +the O +most O +frequently O +associated O +with O +the O +development O +of O +mania O +. O + +aps B-category +Statistical O +analysis O +of O +the O +data O +would O +not O +have O +demonstrated O +a O +significant O +statistical O +correlative O +risk O +and O +was O +therefore O +not O +undertaken O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +have O +an O +increased O +risk O +of O +developing O +mania O +while O +being O +treated O +with O +antimicrobials O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +this O +is O +not O +a O +statistically O +significant O +risk O +, O +physicians O +must O +be O +aware O +of O +the O +effect O +and O +reversibility O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +research O +clearly O +is O +required O +to O +determine O +the O +incidence O +of O +antimicrobial O +- O +induced O +mania O +, O +the O +relative O +risk O +factors O +of O +developing O +an O +antimicrobial O +- O +induced O +manic O +episode O +among O +various O +demographic O +populations O +, O +and O +the O +incidence O +of O +patients O +who O +continue O +to O +have O +persistent O +affective O +disorders O +once O +the O +initial O +episode O +, O +which O +occurs O +while O +the O +patient O +is O +taking O +antibiotics O +, O +subsides O +. 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O +1 O +/ O +0 O +, O +hand O +- O +foot O +syndrome O +12 O +. O +1 O +/ O +0 O +/ O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +patients O +developed O +hemolytic O +- O +uremic O +syndrome O +( O +HUS O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +High O +- O +dose O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +/ O +FA B-Chemical +/ O +MMC B-Chemical +is O +an O +effective O +and O +well O +- O +tolerated O +outpatient O +regimen O +for O +AGC O +( O +objective O +response O +rate O +54 O +. O +6 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +may O +serve O +as O +an O +alternative O +to O +cisplatin B-Chemical +- O +containing O +regimens O +; O +however O +, O +it O +has O +to O +be O +considered O +that O +possibly O +HUS O +may O +occur O +. 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O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Urinary O +pH O +, O +albumin O +, O +creatinine B-Chemical +, O +the O +presence O +of O +erythrocytes O +, O +leukocytes O +, O +bacteria O +and O +crystals O +, O +and O +culture O +were O +analyzed O +every O +3 O +months O +for O +96 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +levels O +were O +routinely O +determined O +at O +the O +same O +time O +points O +. O + +aps B-category +Steady O +- O +state O +pharmacokinetics O +of O +indinavir B-Chemical +were O +done O +at O +week O +4 O +after O +the O +initiation O +of O +indinavir B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +cumulative O +incidence O +of O +persistent O +sterile O +leukocyturia O +( O +> O +or O += O +75 O +cells O +/ O +micro O +L O +in O +at O +least O +2 O +consecutive O +visits O +) O +after O +96 O +weeks O +was O +53 O +% O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +higher O +cumulative O +incidence O +of O +persistent O +leukocyturia O +was O +found O +in O +children O +with O +an O +area O +under O +the O +curve O +> O +19 O +mg O +/ O +L O +x O +h O +or O +a O +peak O +serum O +level O +of O +indinavir B-Chemical +> O +12 O +mg O +/ O +L O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +4 O +children O +, O +indinavir B-Chemical +was O +discontinued O +because O +of O +nephrotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Subsequently O +, O +the O +serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +levels O +decreased O +, O +the O +urine O +albumin O +/ O +creatinine B-Chemical +ratios O +returned O +to O +zero O +, O +and O +the O +leukocyturia O +disappeared O +within O +3 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Children O +treated O +with O +indinavir B-Chemical +have O +a O +high O +cumulative O +incidence O +of O +persistent O +sterile O +leukocyturia O +. O + +aps B-category +Children O +with O +persistent O +sterile O +leukocyturia O +more O +frequently O +had O +an O +increase O +in O +serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +levels O +of O +> O +50 O +% O +above O +normal O +. O + +aps B-category +Younger O +children O +have O +an O +additional O +risk O +for O +renal O +complications O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +impairment O +of O +the O +renal O +function O +in O +these O +children O +occurred O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +clinical O +symptoms O +of O +nephrolithiasis O +. O + +aps B-category +Indinavir B-Chemical +- O +associated O +nephrotoxicity O +must O +be O +monitored O +closely O +, O +especially O +in O +children O +with O +risk O +factors O +such O +as O +persistent O +sterile O +leukocyturia O +, O +age O +< O +5 O +. O +6 O +years O +, O +an O +area O +under O +the O +curve O +of O +indinavir B-Chemical +> O +19 O +mg O +/ O +L O +x O +h O +, O +and O +a O +C O +( O +max O +) O +> O +12 O +mg O +/ O +L O +. O + +aps B-category +Utility O +of O +troponin O +I O +in O +patients O +with O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +associated O +chest O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +Baseline O +electrocardiogram O +abnormalities O +and O +market O +elevations O +not O +associated O +with O +myocardial O +necrosis O +make O +accurate O +diagnosis O +of O +myocardial O +infarction O +( O +MI O +) O +difficult O +in O +patients O +with O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +associated O +chest O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +Troponin O +sampling O +may O +offer O +greater O +diagnostic O +utility O +in O +these O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +assess O +outcomes O +based O +on O +troponin O +positivity O +in O +patients O +with O +cocaine B-Chemical +chest O +pain O +admitted O +for O +exclusion O +of O +MI O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Outcomes O +were O +examined O +in O +patients O +admitted O +for O +possible O +MI O +after O +cocaine B-Chemical +use O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +patients O +underwent O +a O +rapid O +rule O +- O +in O +protocol O +that O +included O +serial O +sampling O +of O +creatine B-Chemical +kinase O +( O +CK O +) O +, O +CK O +- O +MB O +, O +and O +cardiac O +troponin O +I O +( O +cTnI O +) O +over O +eight O +hours O +. O + +aps B-category +Outcomes O +included O +CK O +- O +MB O +MI O +( O +CK O +- O +MB O +> O +or O += O +8 O +ng O +/ O +mL O +with O +a O +relative O +index O +[ O +( O +CK O +- O +MB O +x O +100 O +) O +/ O +total O +CK O +] O +> O +or O += O +4 O +, O +cardiac O +death O +, O +and O +significant O +coronary O +disease O +( O +> O +or O += O +50 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Of O +the O +246 O +admitted O +patients O +, O +34 O +( O +14 O +% O +) O +met O +CK O +- O +MB O +criteria O +for O +MI O +and O +38 O +( O +16 O +% O +) O +had O +cTnI O +elevations O +. O + +aps B-category +Angiography O +was O +performed O +in O +29 O +of O +38 O +patients O +who O +were O +cTnI O +- O +positive O +, O +with O +significant O +disease O +present O +in O +25 O +( O +86 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +of O +the O +four O +patients O +without O +significant O +disease O +who O +had O +cTnI O +elevations O +met O +CK O +- O +MB O +criteria O +for O +MI O +, O +and O +the O +other O +had O +a O +peak O +CK O +- O +MB O +level O +of O +13 O +ng O +/ O +mL O +. O + +aps B-category +Sensitivities O +, O +specificities O +, O +and O +positive O +and O +negative O +likelihood O +ratios O +for O +predicting O +cardiac O +death O +or O +significant O +disease O +were O +high O +for O +both O +CK O +- O +MB O +MI O +and O +cTnI O +and O +were O +not O +significantly O +different O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Most O +patients O +with O +cTnI O +elevations O +meet O +CK O +- O +MB O +criteria O +for O +MI O +, O +as O +well O +as O +have O +a O +high O +incidence O +of O +underlying O +significant O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Troponin O +appears O +to O +have O +an O +equivalent O +diagnostic O +accuracy O +compared O +with O +CK O +- O +MB O +for O +diagnosing O +necrosis O +in O +patients O +with O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +associated O +chest O +pain O +and O +suspected O +MI O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +interstitial O +nephritis O +due O +to O +nicergoline B-Chemical +( O +Sermion B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +a O +case O +of O +acute O +interstitial O +nephritis O +( O +AIN O +) O +due O +to O +nicergoline B-Chemical +( O +Sermion B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +50 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +patient O +admitted O +to O +our O +hospital O +for O +fever O +and O +acute O +renal O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +Before O +admission O +, O +he O +had O +been O +taking O +nicergoline B-Chemical +and O +bendazac B-Chemical +lysine I-Chemical +due O +to O +retinal O +vein O +occlusion O +at O +ophthalmologic O +department O +. O + +aps B-category +Thereafter O +, O +he O +experienced O +intermittent O +fever O +and O +skin O +rash O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +admission O +, O +clinical O +symptoms O +( O +i O +. O +e O +. O +arthralgia O +and O +fever O +) O +and O +laboratory O +findings O +( O +i O +. O +e O +. O +eosinophilia O +and O +renal O +failure O +) O +suggested O +AIN O +, O +and O +which O +was O +confirmed O +by O +pathologic O +findings O +on O +renal O +biopsy O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +lymphocyte O +transformation O +test O +demonstrated O +a O +positive O +result O +against O +nicergoline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +was O +consisted O +of O +withdrawal O +of O +nicergoline B-Chemical +and O +intravenous O +methylprednisolone B-Chemical +, O +and O +his O +renal O +function O +was O +completely O +recovered O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +our O +knowledge O +, O +this O +is O +the O +first O +report O +of O +nicergoline B-Chemical +- O +associated O +AIN O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuroleptic O +malignant O +syndrome O +complicated O +by O +massive O +intestinal O +bleeding O +in O +a O +patient O +with O +chronic O +renal O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +patient O +with O +chronic O +renal O +failure O +( O +CRF O +) O +developed O +neuroleptic O +malignant O +syndrome O +( O +NMS O +) O +after O +administration O +of O +risperidone B-Chemical +and O +levomepromazine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +to O +the O +typical O +symptoms O +of O +NMS O +, O +massive O +intestinal O +bleeding O +was O +observed O +during O +the O +episode O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +report O +suggests O +that O +NMS O +in O +a O +patient O +with O +CRF O +may O +be O +complicated O +by O +intestinal O +bleeding O +and O +needs O +special O +caution O +for O +this O +complication O +. O + +aps B-category +Blood O +brain O +barrier O +in O +right O +- O +and O +left O +- O +pawed O +female O +rats O +assessed O +by O +a O +new O +staining O +method O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +asymmetrical O +breakdown O +of O +the O +blood O +- O +brain O +barrier O +( O +BBB O +) O +was O +studied O +in O +female O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Paw O +preference O +was O +assessed O +by O +a O +food O +reaching O +test O +. 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O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +were O +explained O +by O +an O +asymmetric O +cerebral O +blood O +flow O +depending O +upon O +the O +paw O +preference O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +suggested O +that O +this O +new O +method O +and O +the O +results O +are O +consistent O +with O +contralateral O +motor O +control O +that O +may O +be O +important O +in O +determining O +the O +dominant O +cerebral O +hemisphere O +in O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +Carvedilol B-Chemical +protects O +against O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +mitochondrial O +cardiomyopathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Several O +cytopathic O +mechanisms O +have O +been O +suggested O +to O +mediate O +the O +dose O +- O +limiting O +cumulative O +and O +irreversible O +cardiomyopathy O +caused O +by O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Recent O +evidence O +indicates O +that O +oxidative O +stress O +and O +mitochondrial O +dysfunction O +are O +key O +factors O +in O +the O +pathogenic O +process O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +objective O +of O +this O +investigation O +was O +to O +test O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +carvedilol B-Chemical +, O +a O +nonselective O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +receptor O +antagonist O +with O +potent O +antioxidant O +properties O +, O +protects O +against O +the O +cardiac O +and O +hepatic O +mitochondrial O +bioenergetic O +dysfunction O +associated O +with O +subchronic O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Heart O +and O +liver O +mitochondria O +were O +isolated O +from O +rats O +treated O +for O +7 O +weeks O +with O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +( O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +sc O +/ O +week O +) O +, O +carvedilol B-Chemical +( O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +ip O +/ O +week O +) O +, O +or O +the O +combination O +of O +the O +two O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Heart O +mitochondria O +isolated O +from O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +- O +treated O +rats O +exhibited O +depressed O +rates O +for O +state O +3 O +respiration O +( O +336 O ++ O +/ O +- O +26 O +versus O +425 O ++ O +/ O +- O +53 O +natom O +O O +/ O +min O +/ O +mg O +protein O +) O +and O +a O +lower O +respiratory O +control O +ratio O +( O +RCR O +) O +( O +4 O +. O +3 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +6 O +versus O +5 O +. O +8 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +4 O +) O +compared O +with O +cardiac O +mitochondria O +isolated O +from O +saline O +- O +treated O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Mitochondrial O +calcium B-Chemical +- O +loading O +capacity O +and O +the O +activity O +of O +NADH O +- O +dehydrogenase O +were O +also O +suppressed O +in O +cardiac O +mitochondria O +from O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +- O +treated O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Doxorubicin B-Chemical +treatment O +also O +caused O +a O +decrease O +in O +RCR O +for O +liver O +mitochondria O +( O +3 O +. O +9 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +9 O +versus O +5 O +. O +6 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +7 O +for O +control O +rats O +) O +and O +inhibition O +of O +hepatic O +cytochrome O +oxidase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Coadministration O +of O +carvedilol B-Chemical +decreased O +the O +extent O +of O +cellular O +vacuolization O +in O +cardiac O +myocytes O +and O +prevented O +the O +inhibitory O +effect O +of O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +on O +mitochondrial O +respiration O +in O +both O +heart O +and O +liver O +. 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O + +aps B-category +After O +determining O +the O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +AD50 O +( O +the O +concentration O +of O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +that O +caused O +50 O +% O +of O +all O +beating O +rat O +heart O +myocyte O +cultures O +to O +become O +arrhythmic O +) O +, O +we O +determined O +the O +effect O +of O +1 O +- O +hour O +progesterone B-Chemical +HCl B-Chemical +exposure O +on O +myocyte O +contractile O +rhythm O +. O + +aps B-category +Each O +concentration O +of O +progesterone B-Chemical +( O +6 O +. O +25 O +, O +12 O +. O +5 O +, O +25 O +, O +and O +50 O +micrograms O +/ O +ml O +) O +caused O +a O +significant O +and O +concentration O +- O +dependent O +reduction O +in O +the O +AD50 O +for O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Estradiol B-Chemical +treatment O +also O +increased O +the O +arrhythmogenicity O +of O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +in O +myocyte O +cultures O +, O +but O +was O +only O +one O +fourth O +as O +potent O +as O +progesterone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +progesterone B-Chemical +nor O +estradiol B-Chemical +effects O +on O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +arrhythmogenicity O +were O +potentiated O +by O +epinephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Chronic O +progesterone B-Chemical +pretreatment O +( O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +/ O +day O +for O +21 O +days O +) O +caused O +a O +significant O +increase O +in O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +arrhythmogenicity O +in O +intact O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +- O +anesthetized O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +a O +significant O +decrease O +in O +the O +time O +to O +onset O +of O +arrhythmia O +as O +compared O +with O +control O +nonprogesterone O +- O +treated O +rats O +( O +6 O +. O +2 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +3 O +vs O +. O +30 O +. O +8 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +5 O +min O +, O +mean O ++ O +/ O +- O +SE O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +of O +this O +study O +indicate O +that O +progesterone B-Chemical +can O +potentiate O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +arrhythmogenicity O +both O +in O +vivo O +and O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +Potentiation O +of O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +arrhythmia O +in O +myocyte O +cultures O +suggests O +that O +this O +effect O +is O +at O +least O +partly O +mediated O +at O +the O +myocyte O +level O +. O + +aps B-category +Increased O +serum O +soluble O +Fas O +in O +patients O +with O +acute O +liver O +failure O +due O +to O +paracetamol B-Chemical +overdose O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +/ O +AIMS O +: O +Experimental O +studies O +have O +suggested O +that O +apoptosis O +via O +the O +Fas O +/ O +Fas O +Ligand O +signaling O +system O +may O +play O +an O +important O +role O +in O +the O +development O +of O +acute O +liver O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +the O +study O +was O +to O +investigate O +the O +soluble O +form O +of O +Fas O +in O +patients O +with O +acute O +liver O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODOLOGY O +: O +Serum O +levels O +of O +sFas O +( O +soluble O +Fas O +) O +were O +measured O +by O +ELISA O +in O +24 O +patients O +with O +acute O +liver O +failure O +and O +10 O +normal O +control O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +levels O +of O +tumor O +necrosis O +factor O +- O +alpha O +and O +interferon O +- O +gamma O +were O +also O +determined O +by O +ELISA O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Serum O +sFas O +was O +significantly O +increased O +in O +patients O +with O +acute O +liver O +failure O +( O +median O +, O +26 O +. O +8 O +U O +/ O +mL O +; O +range O +, O +6 O +. O +9 O +- O +52 O +. O +7 O +U O +/ O +mL O +) O +compared O +to O +the O +normal O +controls O +( O +median O +, O +8 O +. O +6 O +U O +/ O +mL O +; O +range O +, O +6 O +. O +5 O +- O +12 O +. O +0 O +U O +/ O +mL O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +0001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Levels O +were O +significantly O +greater O +in O +patients O +with O +acute O +liver O +failure O +due O +to O +paracetamol B-Chemical +overdose O +( O +median O +, O +28 O +. O +7 O +U O +/ O +mL O +; O +range O +, O +12 O +. O +8 O +- O +52 O +. O +7 O +U O +/ O +mL O +, O +n O += O +17 O +) O +than O +those O +due O +to O +non O +- O +A O +to O +E O +hepatitis O +( O +median O +, O +12 O +. O +5 O +U O +/ O +mL O +; O +range O +, O +6 O +. O +9 O +- O +46 O +. O +0 O +U O +/ O +mL O +, O +n O += O +7 O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +relationship O +of O +sFas O +to O +eventual O +outcome O +in O +the O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +significant O +correlation O +was O +observed O +between O +serum O +sFas O +levels O +and O +aspartate B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +( O +r O += O +0 O +. O +613 O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +The O +increased O +concentration O +of O +sFas O +in O +serum O +of O +patients O +with O +acute O +liver O +failure O +may O +reflect O +activation O +of O +Fas O +- O +mediated O +apoptosis O +in O +the O +liver O +and O +this O +together O +with O +increased O +tumor O +necrosis O +factor O +- O +alpha O +may O +be O +an O +important O +factor O +in O +liver O +cell O +loss O +. O + +aps B-category +Bilateral O +subthalamic O +nucleus O +stimulation O +for O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +High O +frequency O +stimulation O +of O +the O +subthalamic O +nucleus O +( O +STN O +) O +is O +known O +to O +ameliorate O +the O +signs O +and O +symptoms O +of O +advanced O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +AIM O +: O +We O +studied O +the O +effect O +of O +high O +frequency O +STN O +stimulation O +in O +23 O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +METHOD O +: O +Twenty O +- O +three O +patients O +suffering O +from O +severe O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +( O +Stages O +III O +- O +V O +on O +Hoehn O +and O +Yahr O +scale O +) O +and O +, O +particularly O +bradykinesia O +, O +rigidity O +, O +and O +levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +dyskinesias O +underwent O +bilateral O +implantation O +of O +electrodes O +in O +the O +STN O +. O + +aps B-category +Preoperative O +and O +postoperative O +assessments O +of O +these O +patients O +at O +1 O +, O +3 O +, O +6 O +and O +12 O +months O +follow O +- O +up O +, O +in O +" O +on O +" O +and O +" O +off O +" O +drug O +conditions O +, O +was O +carried O +out O +using O +Unified O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +Disease O +Rating O +Scale O +, O +Hoehn O +and O +Yahr O +staging O +, O +England O +activities O +of O +daily O +living O +score O +and O +video O +recordings O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +After O +one O +year O +of O +electrical O +stimulation O +of O +the O +STN O +, O +the O +patients O +' O +scores O +for O +activities O +of O +daily O +living O +and O +motor O +examination O +scores O +( O +Unified O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +Disease O +Rating O +Scale O +parts O +II O +and O +III O +) O +off O +medication O +improved O +by O +62 O +% O +and O +61 O +% O +respectively O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +0005 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +subscores O +for O +the O +akinesia O +, O +rigidity O +, O +tremor O +and O +gait O +also O +improved O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +0005 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +average O +levodopa B-Chemical +dose O +decreased O +from O +813 O +mg O +to O +359 O +mg O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cognitive O +functions O +remained O +unchanged O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +patients O +developed O +device O +- O +related O +complications O +and O +two O +patients O +experienced O +abnormal O +weight O +gain O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Bilateral O +subthalamic O +nucleus O +stimulation O +is O +an O +effective O +treatment O +for O +advanced O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +reduces O +the O +severity O +of O +" O +off O +" O +phase O +symptoms O +, O +improves O +the O +axial O +symptoms O +and O +reduces O +levodopa B-Chemical +requirements O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reduction O +in O +the O +levodopa B-Chemical +dose O +is O +useful O +in O +controlling O +drug O +- O +induced O +dyskinesias O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +renal O +failure O +occurring O +during O +intravenous O +desferrioxamine B-Chemical +therapy O +: O +recovery O +after O +haemodialysis O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +patient O +with O +transfusion O +- O +dependent O +thalassemia O +was O +undergoing O +home O +intravenous O +desferrioxamine B-Chemical +( O +DFX B-Chemical +) O +treatment O +by O +means O +of O +a O +totally O +implanted O +system O +because O +of O +his O +poor O +compliance O +with O +the O +nightly O +subcutaneous O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Due O +to O +an O +accidental O +malfunctioning O +of O +the O +infusion O +pump O +, O +the O +patient O +was O +inadvertently O +administered O +a O +toxic O +dosage O +of O +the O +drug O +which O +caused O +renal O +insufficiency O +. O + +aps B-category +Given O +the O +progressive O +deterioration O +of O +the O +symptoms O +and O +of O +the O +laboratory O +values O +, O +despite O +adequate O +medical O +treatment O +, O +a O +decision O +was O +made O +to O +introduce O +haemodialytical O +therapy O +in O +order O +to O +remove O +the O +drug O +and O +therapy O +reduce O +the O +nephrotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +From O +the O +results O +obtained O +, O +haemodialysis O +can O +therefore O +be O +suggested O +as O +a O +useful O +therapy O +in O +rare O +cases O +of O +progressive O +acute O +renal O +failure O +caused O +by O +desferrioxamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Ocular O +motility O +changes O +after O +subtenon O +carboplatin B-Chemical +chemotherapy O +for O +retinoblastoma O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Focal O +subtenon O +carboplatin B-Chemical +injections O +have O +recently O +been O +used O +as O +a O +presumably O +toxicity O +- O +free O +adjunct O +to O +systemic O +chemotherapy O +for O +intraocular O +retinoblastoma O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +report O +our O +clinical O +experience O +with O +abnormal O +ocular O +motility O +in O +patients O +treated O +with O +subtenon O +carboplatin B-Chemical +chemotherapy O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +We O +noted O +abnormal O +ocular O +motility O +in O +10 O +consecutive O +patients O +with O +retinoblastoma O +who O +had O +received O +subtenon O +carboplatin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +During O +ocular O +manipulation O +under O +general O +anesthesia O +, O +we O +assessed O +their O +eyes O +by O +forced O +duction O +testing O +, O +comparing O +ocular O +motility O +after O +tumor O +control O +with O +ocular O +motility O +at O +diagnosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Eyes O +subsequently O +enucleated O +because O +of O +treatment O +failure O +( O +n O += O +4 O +) O +were O +examined O +histologically O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Limitation O +of O +ocular O +motility O +was O +detected O +in O +all O +12 O +eyes O +of O +10 O +patients O +treated O +for O +intraocular O +retinoblastoma O +with O +1 O +to O +6 O +injections O +of O +subtenon O +carboplatin B-Chemical +as O +part O +of O +multimodality O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Histopathological O +examination O +revealed O +many O +lipophages O +in O +the O +periorbital O +fat O +surrounding O +the O +optic O +nerve O +in O +1 O +eye O +, O +indicative O +of O +phagocytosis O +of O +previously O +existing O +fat O +cells O +and O +suggesting O +prior O +fat O +necrosis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enucleations O +were O +technically O +difficult O +and O +hazardous O +for O +globe O +rupture O +because O +of O +extensive O +orbital O +soft O +tissue O +adhesions O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Subtenon O +carboplatin B-Chemical +chemotherapy O +is O +associated O +with O +significant O +fibrosis O +of O +orbital O +soft O +tissues O +, O +leading O +to O +mechanical O +restriction O +of O +eye O +movements O +and O +making O +subsequent O +enucleation O +difficult O +. O + +aps B-category +Subtenon O +carboplatin B-Chemical +is O +not O +free O +of O +toxicity O +, O +and O +its O +use O +is O +best O +restricted O +to O +specific O +indications O +. O + +aps B-category +Ethambutol B-Chemical +and O +optic O +neuropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +To O +demonstrate O +the O +association O +between O +ethambutol B-Chemical +and O +optic O +neuropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +METHOD O +: O +Thirteen O +patients O +who O +developed O +optic O +neuropathy O +after O +being O +treated O +with O +ethambutol B-Chemical +for O +tuberculosis O +of O +the O +lung O +or O +lymph O +node O +at O +Siriraj O +Hospital O +between O +1997 O +and O +2001 O +were O +retrospectively O +reviewed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +clinical O +characteristics O +and O +initial O +and O +final O +visual O +acuity O +were O +analyzed O +to O +determine O +visual O +outcome O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +All O +patients O +had O +optic O +neuropathy O +between O +1 O +to O +6 O +months O +( O +mean O += O +2 O +. O +9 O +months O +) O +after O +starting O +ethambutol B-Chemical +therapy O +at O +a O +dosage O +ranging O +from O +13 O +to O +20 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +/ O +day O +( O +mean O += O +17 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +/ O +day O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Seven O +( O +54 O +% O +) O +of O +the O +13 O +patients O +experienced O +visual O +recovery O +after O +stopping O +the O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +6 O +patients O +with O +irreversible O +visual O +impairment O +, O +4 O +patients O +had O +diabetes O +mellitus O +, O +glaucoma O +and O +a O +history O +of O +heavy O +smoking O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Early O +recognition O +of O +optic O +neuropathy O +should O +be O +considered O +in O +patients O +with O +ethambutol B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +low O +dose O +and O +prompt O +discontinuation O +of O +the O +drug O +is O +recommended O +particularly O +in O +individuals O +with O +diabetes O +mellitus O +, O +glaucoma O +or O +who O +are O +heavy O +smokers O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +of O +compensatory O +gustatory O +hyperhidrosis O +with O +topical O +glycopyrrolate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Gustatory O +hyperhidrosis O +is O +facial O +sweating O +usually O +associated O +with O +the O +eating O +of O +hot O +spicy O +food O +or O +even O +smelling O +this O +food O +. O + +aps B-category +Current O +options O +of O +treatment O +include O +oral O +anticholinergic O +drugs O +, O +the O +topical O +application O +of O +anticholinergics O +or O +aluminum B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +, O +and O +the O +injection O +of O +botulinum O +toxin O +. O + +aps B-category +Thirteen O +patients O +have O +been O +treated O +to O +date O +with O +1 O +. O +5 O +% O +or O +2 O +% O +topical O +glycopyrrolate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +All O +patients O +had O +gustatory O +hyperhidrosis O +, O +which O +interfered O +with O +their O +social O +activities O +, O +after O +transthroacic O +endoscopic O +sympathectomy O +, O +and O +which O +was O +associated O +with O +compensatory O +focal O +hyperhidrosis O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +applying O +topical O +glycopyrrolate B-Chemical +, O +the O +subjective O +effect O +was O +excellent O +( O +no O +sweating O +after O +eating O +hot O +spicy O +food O +) O +in O +10 O +patients O +( O +77 O +% O +) O +, O +and O +fair O +( O +clearly O +reduced O +sweating O +) O +in O +3 O +patients O +( O +23 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +had O +reported O +incidents O +of O +being O +very O +embarrassed O +whilst O +eating O +hot O +spicy O +foods O +. O + +aps B-category +Adverse O +effects O +included O +a O +mildly O +dry O +mouth O +and O +a O +sore O +throat O +in O +2 O +patients O +( O +2 O +% O +glycopyrrolate B-Chemical +) O +, O +a O +light O +headache O +in O +1 O +patient O +( O +1 O +. O +5 O +% O +glycopyrrolate B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +topical O +application O +of O +a O +glycopyrrolate B-Chemical +pad O +appeared O +to O +be O +safe O +, O +efficacious O +, O +well O +tolerated O +, O +and O +a O +convenient O +method O +of O +treatment O +for O +moderate O +to O +severe O +symptoms O +of O +gustatory O +hyperhidrosis O +in O +post O +transthoracic O +endoscopic O +sympathectomy O +or O +sympathicotomy O +patients O +, O +with O +few O +side O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuroleptic B-Chemical +- O +associated O +hyperprolactinemia O +. O + +aps B-category +Can O +it O +be O +treated O +with O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +? O + +aps B-category +Six O +stable O +psychiatric O +outpatients O +with O +hyperprolactinemia O +and O +amenorrhea O +/ O +oligomenorrhea O +associated O +with O +their O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +medications I-Chemical +were O +treated O +with O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Daily O +dosages O +of O +5 O +- O +10 O +mg O +corrected O +the O +hyperprolactinemia O +and O +restored O +menstruation O +in O +four O +of O +the O +six O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +woman O +, O +however O +, O +developed O +worsened O +psychiatric O +symptoms O +while O +taking O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +, O +and O +it O +was O +discontinued O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +three O +of O +six O +patients O +had O +their O +menstrual O +irregularity O +successfully O +corrected O +with O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +suggests O +that O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +should O +be O +further O +evaluated O +as O +potential O +therapy O +for O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +- O +associated O +hyperprolactinemia O +and O +amenorrhea O +/ O +galactorrhea O +. O + +aps B-category +Ethacrynic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- O +induced O +convulsions O +and O +brain O +neurotransmitters O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Intracerebroventricular O +injection O +of O +ethacrynic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +50 O +% O +convulsive O +dose O +; O +50 O +micrograms O +/ O +mouse O +) O +accelerated O +the O +synthesis O +/ O +turnover O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +) O +but O +suppressed O +the O +synthesis O +of O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +in O +mouse O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +effects O +were O +completely O +antagonized O +by O +pretreatment O +with O +a O +glutamate B-Chemical +/ O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +antagonist O +, O +aminophosphonovaleric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +ethacrynic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- O +induced O +convulsions O +, O +these O +neurotransmitter O +systems O +may O +be O +differentially O +modulated O +, O +probably O +through O +activation O +of O +glutaminergic O +neurons O +in O +the O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Pharmacology O +of O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acidA I-Chemical +receptor O +complex O +after O +the O +in O +vivo O +administration O +of O +the O +anxioselective O +and O +anticonvulsant O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carboline I-Chemical +derivative O +abecarnil B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +rodents O +, O +the O +effect O +of O +the O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carboline I-Chemical +derivative O +isopropyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +benzyloxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methoxymethyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carboline I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carboxylate I-Chemical +( O +abecarrnil B-Chemical +) O +, O +a O +new O +ligand O +for O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +receptors O +possessing O +anxiolytic O +and O +anticonvulsant O +properties O +, O +was O +evaluated O +on O +the O +function O +of O +central O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +GABA B-Chemical +) O +A O +receptor O +complex O +, O +both O +in O +vitro O +and O +in O +vivo O +. 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O + +aps B-category +These O +effects O +were O +similar O +to O +those O +induced O +by O +diazepam B-Chemical +, O +whereas O +the O +partial O +agonist O +Ro B-Chemical +16 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6028 I-Chemical +( O +tert B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +butyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +S I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +8 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bromo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +11 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +12 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +13 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +13a I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tetrahydro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +9 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +9H I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +imidazo I-Chemical +[ I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +a I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +pyrrolo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +[ I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +c I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +[ I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +benzodiazepine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carboxylate I-Chemical +) O +showed O +very O +weak O +efficacy O +in O +these O +biochemical O +tests O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +i O +. O +p O +. O +injection O +to O +rats O +, O +abecarnil B-Chemical +and O +diazepam B-Chemical +decreased O +in O +a O +time O +- O +dependent O +and O +dose O +- O +related O +( O +0 O +. O +25 O +- O +20 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +manner O +[ B-Chemical +35S I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +TBPS I-Chemical +binding O +measured O +ex O +vivo O +in O +the O +cerebral O +cortex O +. O + +aps B-category +Moreover O +, O +both O +drugs O +at O +the O +dose O +of O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +antagonized O +completely O +the O +convulsant O +activity O +and O +the O +increase O +of O +[ B-Chemical +35S I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +TBPS I-Chemical +binding O +induced O +by O +isoniazide B-Chemical +( O +350 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +s O +. O +c O +. O +) O +as O +well O +as O +the O +increase O +of O +[ B-Chemical +35S I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +TBPS I-Chemical +binding O +induced O +by O +foot O +- O +shock O +stress O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +better O +correlate O +the O +biochemical O +and O +the O +pharmacological O +effects O +, O +we O +studied O +the O +action O +of O +abecarnil B-Chemical +on O +[ B-Chemical +35S I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +TBPS I-Chemical +binding O +, O +exploratory O +motility O +and O +on O +isoniazid B-Chemical +- O +induced O +biochemical O +and O +pharmacological O +effects O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +these O +animals O +, O +abecarnil B-Chemical +produced O +a O +paralleled O +dose O +- O +dependent O +( O +0 O +. O +05 O +- O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +reduction O +of O +both O +motor O +behavior O +and O +cortical O +[ O +35S O +] O +TBPS O +binding O +. O + +aps B-category +Moreover O +, O +0 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Randomized O +clinical O +trials O +comparing O +VNR B-Chemical +with O +other O +drugs O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +cancer O +were O +searched O +in O +Medline O +, O +Embase O +, O +Evidence O +- O +based O +Medicine O +Reviews O +databases O +and O +the O +Cochrane O +library O +from O +1987 O +to O +2002 O +. O + +aps B-category +Outcomes O +of O +interest O +were O +severe O +cardiac O +events O +, O +toxic O +deaths O +and O +cardiac O +event O +- O +related O +deaths O +reported O +in O +each O +publication O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +found O +19 O +trials O +, O +involving O +2441 O +patients O +treated O +by O +VNR B-Chemical +and O +2050 O +control O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +cardiac O +events O +with O +VNR B-Chemical +was O +1 O +. O +19 O +% O +[ O +95 O +% O +confidence O +interval O +( O +CI O +) O +( O +0 O +. O +75 O +; O +1 O +. O +67 O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +difference O +in O +the O +risk O +of O +cardiac O +events O +between O +VNR B-Chemical +and O +other O +drugs O +[ O +odds O +ratio O +: O +0 O +. O +92 O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +( O +0 O +. O +54 O +; O +1 O +. O +55 O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +risk O +of O +VNR B-Chemical +cardiac O +events O +was O +similar O +to O +vindesine B-Chemical +( O +VDS B-Chemical +) O +and O +other O +cardiotoxic O +drugs O +[ O +fluorouracil B-Chemical +, O +anthracyclines B-Chemical +, O +gemcitabine B-Chemical +( O +GEM B-Chemical +) O +em O +leader O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Even O +if O +it O +did O +not O +reach O +statistical O +significance O +because O +of O +a O +few O +number O +of O +cases O +, O +the O +risk O +was O +lower O +in O +trials O +excluding O +patients O +with O +cardiac O +history O +, O +and O +seemed O +to O +be O +higher O +in O +trials O +including O +patients O +with O +pre O +- O +existing O +cardiac O +diseases O +. O + +aps B-category +Vinorelbine B-Chemical +- O +related O +cardiac O +events O +concern O +about O +1 O +% O +of O +treated O +patients O +in O +clinical O +trials O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +risk O +associated O +with O +VNR B-Chemical +seems O +to O +be O +similar O +to O +that O +of O +other O +chemotherapeutic O +agents O +in O +the O +same O +indications O +. O + +aps B-category +MRI O +findings O +of O +hypoxic O +cortical O +laminar O +necrosis O +in O +a O +child O +with O +hemolytic O +anemia O +crisis O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +present O +magnetic O +resonance O +imaging O +findings O +of O +a O +5 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +girl O +who O +had O +a O +rapidly O +installing O +hemolytic O +anemia O +crisis O +induced O +by O +trimethoprim B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sulfomethoxazole I-Chemical +, O +resulting O +in O +cerebral O +anoxia O +leading O +to O +permanent O +damage O +. O + +aps B-category +Magnetic O +Resonance O +imaging O +revealed O +cortical O +laminar O +necrosis O +in O +arterial O +border O +zones O +in O +both O +cerebral O +hemispheres O +, O +ischemic O +changes O +in O +subcortical O +white O +matter O +of O +left O +cerebral O +hemisphere O +, O +and O +in O +the O +left O +putamen O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +cortical O +laminar O +necrosis O +is O +a O +classic O +entity O +in O +adulthood O +related O +to O +conditions O +of O +energy O +depletions O +, O +there O +are O +few O +reports O +available O +in O +children O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Patients O +were O +followed O +up O +at O +6 O +- O +monthly O +intervals O +for O +not O +less O +than O +18 O +months O +( O +range O +18 O +- O +43 O +months O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +all O +, O +16 O +patients O +with O +unequivocal O +defects O +continued O +the O +medication O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +already O +published O +methodology O +( O +Eye O +2002 O +; O +16 O +; O +567 O +- O +571 O +) O +monocular O +mean O +radial O +degrees O +( O +MRDs O +) O +to O +the O +I O +/ O +4e O +isopter O +on O +Goldmann O +perimetry O +was O +calculated O +for O +the O +right O +eye O +at O +the O +time O +of O +discovery O +of O +a O +visual O +field O +defect O +and O +again O +after O +not O +less O +than O +18 O +months O +follow O +- O +up O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Mean O +right O +eye O +MRD O +at O +presentation O +was O +36 O +. O +98 O +degrees O +( O +range O +22 O +. O +25 O +- O +51 O +. O +0 O +) O +, O +compared O +to O +38 O +. O +40 O +degrees O +( O +range O +22 O +. O +5 O +- O +49 O +. O +75 O +) O +after O +follow O +- O +up O +; O +P O += O +0 O +. O +338 O +unpaired O +t O +- O +test O +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +one O +patient O +demonstrated O +a O +deterioration O +in O +visual O +field O +during O +the O +study O +period O +and O +discontinued O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Established O +visual O +field O +defects O +presumed O +to O +be O +due O +to O +Vigabatrin B-Chemical +therapy O +did O +not O +usually O +progress O +in O +spite O +of O +continuing O +use O +of O +the O +medication O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +give O +support O +to O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +the O +pathogenesis O +of O +Vigabatrin B-Chemical +- O +associated O +visual O +field O +defects O +may O +be O +an O +idiosyncratic O +adverse O +drug O +reaction O +rather O +than O +dose O +- O +dependent O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Induction O +of O +rosaceiform O +dermatitis O +during O +treatment O +of O +facial O +inflammatory O +dermatoses O +with O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +ointment O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Tacrolimus B-Chemical +ointment O +is O +increasingly O +used O +for O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +treatment O +of O +sensitive O +areas O +such O +as O +the O +face O +, O +and O +recent O +observations O +indicate O +that O +the O +treatment O +is O +effective O +in O +steroid B-Chemical +- O +aggravated O +rosacea O +and O +perioral O +dermatitis O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +on O +rosaceiform O +dermatitis O +as O +a O +complication O +of O +treatment O +with O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +ointment O +. O + +aps B-category +OBSERVATIONS O +: O +Six O +adult O +patients O +with O +inflammatory O +facial O +dermatoses O +were O +treated O +with O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +ointment O +because O +of O +the O +ineffectiveness O +of O +standard O +treatments O +. O + +aps B-category +Within O +2 O +to O +3 O +weeks O +of O +initially O +effective O +and O +well O +- O +tolerated O +treatment O +, O +3 O +patients O +with O +a O +history O +of O +rosacea O +and O +1 O +with O +a O +history O +of O +acne O +experienced O +sudden O +worsening O +with O +pustular O +rosaceiform O +lesions O +. O + +aps B-category +Biopsy O +revealed O +an O +abundance O +of O +Demodex O +mites O +in O +2 O +of O +these O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +1 O +patient O +with O +eyelid O +eczema O +, O +rosaceiform O +periocular O +dermatitis O +gradually O +appeared O +after O +3 O +weeks O +of O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +1 O +patient O +with O +atopic O +dermatitis O +, O +telangiectatic O +and O +papular O +rosacea O +insidiously O +appeared O +after O +5 O +months O +of O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Our O +observations O +suggest O +that O +the O +spectrum O +of O +rosaceiform O +dermatitis O +as O +a O +complication O +of O +treatment O +with O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +ointment O +is O +heterogeneous O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +variety O +of O +factors O +, O +such O +as O +vasoactive O +properties O +of O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +, O +proliferation O +of O +Demodex O +due O +to O +local O +immunosuppression O +, O +and O +the O +occlusive O +properties O +of O +the O +ointment O +, O +may O +be O +involved O +in O +the O +observed O +phenomena O +. O + +aps B-category +Future O +studies O +are O +needed O +to O +identify O +individual O +risk O +factors O +. O + +aps B-category +Intravascular O +hemolysis O +and O +acute O +renal O +failure O +following O +intermittent O +rifampin B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Renal O +failure O +is O +a O +rare O +complication O +associated O +with O +the O +use O +of O +rifampin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Intravascular O +hemolysis O +leading O +to O +acute O +renal O +failure O +following O +rifampin B-Chemical +therapy O +is O +extremely O +rare O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +patients O +with O +leprosy O +who O +developed O +hemolysis O +and O +acute O +renal O +failure O +following O +rifampin B-Chemical +are O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +Structural O +abnormalities O +in O +the O +brains O +of O +human O +subjects O +who O +use O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +visualize O +, O +for O +the O +first O +time O +, O +the O +profile O +of O +structural O +deficits O +in O +the O +human O +brain O +associated O +with O +chronic O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +( O +MA B-Chemical +) O +abuse O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +of O +human O +subjects O +who O +have O +used O +MA B-Chemical +chronically O +have O +revealed O +deficits O +in O +dopaminergic O +and O +serotonergic O +systems O +and O +cerebral O +metabolic O +abnormalities O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +magnetic O +resonance O +imaging O +( O +MRI O +) O +and O +new O +computational O +brain O +- O +mapping O +techniques O +, O +we O +determined O +the O +pattern O +of O +structural O +brain O +alterations O +associated O +with O +chronic O +MA B-Chemical +abuse O +in O +human O +subjects O +and O +related O +these O +deficits O +to O +cognitive O +impairment O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +used O +high O +- O +resolution O +MRI O +and O +surface O +- O +based O +computational O +image O +analyses O +to O +map O +regional O +abnormalities O +in O +the O +cortex O +, O +hippocampus O +, O +white O +matter O +, O +and O +ventricles O +in O +22 O +human O +subjects O +who O +used O +MA B-Chemical +and O +21 O +age O +- O +matched O +, O +healthy O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +Cortical O +maps O +revealed O +severe O +gray O +- O +matter O +deficits O +in O +the O +cingulate O +, O +limbic O +, O +and O +paralimbic O +cortices O +of O +MA B-Chemical +abusers O +( O +averaging O +11 O +. O +3 O +% O +below O +control O +; O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +average O +, O +MA B-Chemical +abusers O +had O +7 O +. O +8 O +% O +smaller O +hippocampal O +volumes O +than O +control O +subjects O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +; O +left O +, O +p O += O +0 O +. O +01 O +; O +right O +, O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +and O +significant O +white O +- O +matter O +hypertrophy O +( O +7 O +. O +0 O +% O +; O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Hippocampal O +deficits O +were O +mapped O +and O +correlated O +with O +memory O +performance O +on O +a O +word O +- O +recall O +test O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +MRI O +- O +based O +maps O +suggest O +that O +chronic O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +abuse O +causes O +a O +selective O +pattern O +of O +cerebral O +deterioration O +that O +contributes O +to O +impaired O +memory O +performance O +. O + +aps B-category +MA B-Chemical +may O +selectively O +damage O +the O +medial O +temporal O +lobe O +and O +, O +consistent O +with O +metabolic O +studies O +, O +the O +cingulate O +- O +limbic O +cortex O +, O +inducing O +neuroadaptation O +, O +neuropil O +reduction O +, O +or O +cell O +death O +. 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O + +aps B-category +To O +gain O +insight O +into O +the O +mechanism O +of O +this O +unwanted O +effect O +, O +mice O +were O +administered O +various O +doses O +of O +amiodarone B-Chemical +and O +examined O +for O +changes O +in O +hepatic O +histology O +and O +gene O +regulation O +. O + +aps B-category +Amiodarone B-Chemical +induced O +hepatomegaly O +, O +hepatocyte O +microvesicular O +lipid O +accumulation O +, O +and O +a O +significant O +decrease O +in O +serum O +triglycerides B-Chemical +and O +glucose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Northern O +blot O +analysis O +of O +hepatic O +RNA O +revealed O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +increase O +in O +the O +expression O +of O +a O +number O +of O +genes O +critical O +for O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidation O +, O +lipoprotein O +assembly O +, O +and O +lipid O +transport O +. O + +aps B-category +Many O +of O +these O +genes O +are O +regulated O +by O +the O +peroxisome O +proliferator O +- O +activated O +receptor O +- O +alpha O +( O +PPARalpha O +) O +, O +a O +ligand O +- O +activated O +nuclear O +hormone O +receptor O +transcription O +factor O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +absence O +of O +induction O +of O +these O +genes O +as O +well O +as O +hepatomegaly O +in O +PPARalpha O +knockout O +[ O +PPARalpha O +- O +/ O +- O +] O +mice O +indicated O +that O +the O +effects O +of O +amiodarone B-Chemical +were O +dependent O +upon O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +functional O +PPARalpha O +gene O +. O + +aps B-category +Compared O +to O +wild O +- O +type O +mice O +, O +treatment O +of O +PPARalpha O +- O +/ O +- O +mice O +with O +amiodarone B-Chemical +resulted O +in O +an O +increased O +rate O +and O +extent O +of O +total O +body O +weight O +loss O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inability O +of O +amiodarone B-Chemical +to O +directly O +activate O +either O +human O +or O +mouse O +PPARalpha O +transiently O +expressed O +in O +human O +HepG2 O +hepatoma O +cells O +indicates O +that O +the O +effects O +of O +amiodarone B-Chemical +on O +the O +function O +of O +this O +receptor O +were O +indirect O +. O + +aps B-category +Based O +upon O +these O +results O +, O +we O +conclude O +that O +amiodarone B-Chemical +disrupts O +hepatic O +lipid O +homeostasis O +and O +that O +the O +increased O +expression O +of O +PPARalpha O +target O +genes O +is O +secondary O +to O +this O +toxic O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +provide O +important O +new O +mechanistic O +information O +regarding O +the O +hepatotoxic O +effects O +of O +amiodarone B-Chemical +and O +indicate O +that O +PPARalpha O +protects O +against O +amiodarone B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hepatotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Safety O +and O +compliance O +with O +once O +- O +daily O +niacin B-Chemical +extended I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +release I-Chemical +/ I-Chemical +lovastatin I-Chemical +as O +initial O +therapy O +in O +the O +Impact O +of O +Medical O +Subspecialty O +on O +Patient O +Compliance O +to O +Treatment O +( O +IMPACT O +) O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +Niacin B-Chemical +extended I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +release I-Chemical +/ I-Chemical +lovastatin I-Chemical +is O +a O +new O +combination O +product O +approved O +for O +treatment O +of O +primary O +hypercholesterolemia O +and O +mixed O +dyslipidemia O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Nondyskinetic O +patients O +, O +but O +not O +the O +dyskinetic O +ones O +, O +showed O +less O +oropharyngeal O +swallowing O +efficiency O +( O +OPSE O +) O +for O +liquid O +food O +than O +controls O +( O +Dunnett O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +02 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Dyskinetic O +patients O +tended O +to O +have O +a O +greater O +OPSE O +than O +nondyskinetic O +( O +Dunnett O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +06 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +who O +were O +using O +a O +higher O +dose O +of O +levodopa B-Chemical +had O +a O +greater O +OPSE O +and O +a O +trend O +toward O +a O +smaller O +oral O +transit O +time O +( O +Pearson O +' O +s O +correlation O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +01 O +and O +0 O +. O +08 O +, O +respectively O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +the O +report O +of O +dysphagia O +nor O +any O +of O +the O +PD O +severity O +parameters O +correlated O +to O +the O +videofluoroscopic O +variables O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +current O +study O +, O +dyskinetic O +patients O +performed O +better O +in O +swallowing O +function O +, O +which O +could O +be O +explained O +on O +the O +basis O +of O +a O +greater O +levodopa B-Chemical +dose O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +results O +suggest O +a O +role O +for O +levodopa B-Chemical +in O +the O +oral O +phase O +of O +deglutition O +and O +confirm O +that O +dysphagia O +is O +not O +a O +good O +predictor O +of O +deglutition O +alterations O +in O +PD O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +nuclear O +factor O +- O +kappaB O +activation O +attenuates O +tubulointerstitial O +nephritis O +induced O +by O +gentamicin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Animals O +treated O +with O +gentamicin B-Chemical +can O +show O +residual O +areas O +of O +interstitial O +fibrosis O +in O +the O +renal O +cortex O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +investigated O +the O +expression O +of O +nuclear O +factor O +- O +kappaB O +( O +NF O +- O +kappaB O +) O +, O +mitogen O +- O +activated O +protein O +( O +MAP O +) O +kinases O +and O +macrophages O +in O +the O +renal O +cortex O +and O +structural O +and O +functional O +renal O +changes O +of O +rats O +treated O +with O +gentamicin B-Chemical +or O +gentamicin B-Chemical ++ O +pyrrolidine B-Chemical +dithiocarbamate I-Chemical +( O +PDTC B-Chemical +) O +, O +an O +NF O +- O +kappaB O +inhibitor O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +38 O +female O +Wistar O +rats O +were O +injected O +with O +gentamicin B-Chemical +, O +40 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +twice O +a O +day O +for O +9 O +days O +, O +38 O +with O +gentamicin B-Chemical ++ O +PDTC B-Chemical +, O +and O +28 O +with O +0 O +. O +15 O +M O +NaCl B-Chemical +solution O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +animals O +were O +killed O +5 O +and O +30 O +days O +after O +these O +injections O +and O +the O +kidneys O +were O +removed O +for O +histological O +and O +immunohistochemical O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +of O +the O +immunohistochemical O +studies O +were O +scored O +according O +to O +the O +extent O +of O +staining O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fractional O +interstitial O +area O +was O +determined O +by O +morphometry O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Gentamicin B-Chemical +- O +treated O +rats O +presented O +a O +transitory O +increase O +in O +plasma O +creatinine B-Chemical +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +Increased O +ED O +- O +1 O +, O +MAP O +kinases O +and O +NF O +- O +kappaB O +staining O +were O +also O +observed O +in O +the O +renal O +cortex O +from O +all O +gentamicin B-Chemical +- O +treated O +rats O +compared O +to O +control O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +animals O +killed O +on O +day O +30 O +also O +presented O +fibrosis O +in O +the O +renal O +cortex O +despite O +the O +recovery O +of O +renal O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +with O +PDTC B-Chemical +reduced O +the O +functional O +and O +structural O +changes O +induced O +by O +gentamicin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +These O +data O +show O +that O +inhibition O +of O +NF O +- O +kappaB O +activation O +attenuates O +tubulointerstitial O +nephritis O +induced O +by O +gentamicin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +patients O +with O +schizophrenia O +treated O +with O +atypical O +antipsychotic O +agents O +: O +a O +frequently O +sampled O +intravenous O +glucose B-Chemical +tolerance O +test O +and O +minimal O +model O +analysis O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +While O +the O +incidence O +of O +new O +- O +onset O +diabetes O +mellitus O +may O +be O +increasing O +in O +patients O +with O +schizophrenia O +treated O +with O +certain O +atypical O +antipsychotic O +agents O +, O +it O +remains O +unclear O +whether O +atypical O +agents O +are O +directly O +affecting O +glucose B-Chemical +metabolism O +or O +simply O +increasing O +known O +risk O +factors O +for O +diabetes O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +study O +the O +2 O +drugs O +most O +clearly O +implicated O +( O +clozapine B-Chemical +and O +olanzapine B-Chemical +) O +and O +risperidone B-Chemical +using O +a O +frequently O +sampled O +intravenous O +glucose B-Chemical +tolerance O +test O +. O + +aps B-category +DESIGN O +: O +A O +cross O +- O +sectional O +design O +in O +stable O +, O +treated O +patients O +with O +schizophrenia O +evaluated O +using O +a O +frequently O +sampled O +intravenous O +glucose B-Chemical +tolerance O +test O +and O +the O +Bergman O +minimal O +model O +analysis O +. O + +aps B-category +SETTING O +: O +Subjects O +were O +recruited O +from O +an O +urban O +community O +mental O +health O +clinic O +and O +were O +studied O +at O +a O +general O +clinical O +research O +center O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +Fifty O +subjects O +signed O +informed O +consent O +and O +41 O +underwent O +the O +frequently O +sampled O +intravenous O +glucose B-Chemical +tolerance O +test O +. O + +aps B-category +Thirty O +- O +six O +nonobese O +subjects O +with O +schizophrenia O +or O +schizoaffective O +disorder O +, O +matched O +by O +body O +mass O +index O +and O +treated O +with O +either O +clozapine B-Chemical +, O +olanzapine B-Chemical +, O +or O +risperidone B-Chemical +, O +were O +included O +in O +the O +analysis O +. O + +aps B-category +MAIN O +OUTCOME O +MEASURES O +: O +Fasting O +plasma O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +fasting O +serum O +insulin O +levels O +, O +insulin O +sensitivity O +index O +, O +homeostasis O +model O +assessment O +of O +insulin O +resistance O +, O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +effectiveness O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +mean O ++ O +/ O +- O +SD O +duration O +of O +treatment O +with O +the O +identified O +atypical O +antipsychotic O +agent O +was O +68 O +. O +3 O ++ O +/ O +- O +28 O +. O +9 O +months O +( O +clozapine B-Chemical +) O +, O +29 O +. O +5 O ++ O +/ O +- O +17 O +. O +5 O +months O +( O +olanzapine B-Chemical +) O +, O +and O +40 O +. O +9 O ++ O +/ O +- O +33 O +. O +7 O +( O +risperidone B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Fasting O +serum O +insulin O +concentrations O +differed O +among O +groups O +( O +F O +( O +33 O +) O += O +3 O +. O +35 O +; O +P O += O +. O +047 O +) O +( O +clozapine B-Chemical +> O +olanzapine B-Chemical +> O +risperidone B-Chemical +) O +with O +significant O +differences O +between O +clozapine B-Chemical +and O +risperidone B-Chemical +( O +t O +( O +33 O +) O += O +2 O +. O +32 O +; O +P O += O +. O +03 O +) O +and O +olanzapine B-Chemical +and O +risperidone B-Chemical +( O +t O +( O +33 O +) O += O +2 O +. O +15 O +; O +P O += O +. O +04 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +a O +significant O +difference O +in O +insulin O +sensitivity O +index O +among O +groups O +( O +F O +( O +33 O +) O += O +10 O +. O +66 O +; O +P O +< O +. O +001 O +) O +( O +clozapine B-Chemical +< O +olanzapine B-Chemical +< O +risperidone B-Chemical +) O +, O +with O +subjects O +who O +received O +clozapine B-Chemical +and O +olanzapine B-Chemical +exhibiting O +significant O +insulin O +resistance O +compared O +with O +subjects O +who O +were O +treated O +with O +risperidone B-Chemical +( O +clozapine B-Chemical +vs O +risperidone B-Chemical +, O +t O +( O +33 O +) O += O +- O +4 O +. O +29 O +; O +P O +< O +. O +001 O +; O +olanzapine B-Chemical +vs O +risperidone B-Chemical +, O +t O +( O +33 O +) O += O +- O +3 O +. O +62 O +; O +P O += O +. O +001 O +[ O +P O +< O +. O +001 O +] O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +homeostasis O +model O +assessment O +of O +insulin O +resistance O +also O +differed O +significantly O +among O +groups O +( O +F O +( O +33 O +) O += O +4 O +. O +92 O +; O +P O += O +. O +01 O +) O +( O +clozapine B-Chemical +> O +olanzapine B-Chemical +> O +risperidone B-Chemical +) O +( O +clozapine B-Chemical +vs O +risperidone B-Chemical +, O +t O +( O +33 O +) O += O +2 O +. O +94 O +; O +P O += O +. O +006 O +; O +olanzapine B-Chemical +vs O +risperidone B-Chemical +, O +t O +( O +33 O +) O += O +2 O +. O +42 O +; O +P O += O +. O +02 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +a O +significant O +difference O +among O +groups O +in O +glucose B-Chemical +effectiveness O +( O +F O +( O +30 O +) O += O +4 O +. O +18 O +; O +P O += O +. O +02 O +) O +( O +clozapine B-Chemical +< O +olanzapine B-Chemical +< O +risperidone B-Chemical +) O +with O +significant O +differences O +between O +clozapine B-Chemical +and O +risperidone B-Chemical +( O +t O +( O +30 O +) O += O +- O +2 O +. O +59 O +; O +P O += O +. O +02 O +) O +and O +olanzapine B-Chemical +and O +risperidone B-Chemical +( O +t O +( O +30 O +) O += O +- O +2 O +. O +34 O +, O +P O += O +. O +03 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Both O +nonobese O +clozapine B-Chemical +- O +and O +olanzapine B-Chemical +- O +treated O +groups O +displayed O +significant O +insulin O +resistance O +and O +impairment O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +effectiveness O +compared O +with O +risperidone B-Chemical +- O +treated O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +taking O +clozapine B-Chemical +and O +olanzapine B-Chemical +must O +be O +examined O +for O +insulin O +resistance O +and O +its O +consequences O +. O + +aps B-category +Thoracic O +hematomyelia O +secondary O +to O +coumadin B-Chemical +anticoagulant O +therapy O +: O +a O +case O +report O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +case O +of O +thoracic O +hematomyelia O +secondary O +to O +anticoagulant O +therapy O +is O +presented O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +features O +, O +similar O +to O +2 O +other O +previously O +reported O +cases O +, O +are O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +high O +index O +of O +suspicion O +may O +lead O +to O +a O +quick O +diagnostic O +procedure O +and O +successful O +decompressive O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +Mania O +associated O +with O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +treatment O +in O +adolescents O +. O + +aps B-category +Fluoxetine B-Chemical +, O +a O +selective O +serotonin B-Chemical +reuptake O +inhibitor O +, O +is O +gaining O +increased O +acceptance O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +adolescent O +depression O +. O + +aps B-category +Generally O +safe O +and O +well O +tolerated O +by O +adults O +, O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +has O +been O +reported O +to O +induce O +mania O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cases O +of O +five O +depressed O +adolescents O +, O +14 O +- O +16 O +years O +of O +age O +, O +who O +developed O +mania O +during O +pharmacotherapy O +with O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +, O +are O +reported O +here O +. O + +aps B-category +Apparent O +risk O +factors O +for O +the O +development O +of O +mania O +or O +hypomania O +during O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +pharmacotherapy O +in O +this O +population O +were O +the O +combination O +of O +attention O +- O +deficit O +hyperactivity O +disorder O +and O +affective O +instability O +; O +major O +depression O +with O +psychotic O +features O +; O +a O +family O +history O +of O +affective O +disorder O +, O +especially O +bipolar O +disorder O +; O +and O +a O +diagnosis O +of O +bipolar O +disorder O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +study O +is O +needed O +to O +determine O +the O +optimal O +dosage O +and O +to O +identify O +risk O +factors O +that O +increase O +individual O +vulnerability O +to O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +induced O +mania O +in O +adolescents O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +renal O +insufficiency O +after O +high O +- O +dose O +melphalan B-Chemical +in O +patients O +with O +primary O +systemic O +amyloidosis O +during O +stem O +cell O +transplantation O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Patients O +with O +primary O +systemic O +amyloidosis O +( O +AL O +) O +have O +a O +poor O +prognosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Median O +survival O +time O +from O +standard O +treatments O +is O +only O +17 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +High O +- O +dose O +intravenous O +melphalan B-Chemical +followed O +by O +peripheral O +blood O +stem O +cell O +transplant O +( O +PBSCT O +) O +appears O +to O +be O +the O +most O +promising O +therapy O +, O +but O +treatment O +mortality O +can O +be O +high O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +authors O +have O +noted O +the O +development O +of O +acute O +renal O +insufficiency O +immediately O +after O +melphalan B-Chemical +conditioning O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +was O +undertaken O +to O +further O +examine O +its O +risk O +factors O +and O +impact O +on O +posttransplant O +mortality O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Consecutive O +AL O +patients O +who O +underwent O +PBSCT O +were O +studied O +retrospectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +renal O +insufficiency O +( O +ARI O +) O +after O +high O +- O +dose O +melphalan B-Chemical +was O +defined O +by O +a O +minimum O +increase O +of O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +( O +44 O +micromol O +/ O +L O +) O +in O +the O +serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +level O +that O +is O +greater O +than O +50 O +% O +of O +baseline O +immediately O +after O +conditioning O +. O + +aps B-category +Urine O +sediment O +score O +was O +the O +sum O +of O +the O +individual O +types O +of O +sediment O +identified O +on O +urine O +microscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Of O +the O +80 O +patients O +studied O +, O +ARI O +developed O +in O +18 O +. O +8 O +% O +of O +the O +patients O +after O +high O +- O +dose O +melphalan B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Univariate O +analysis O +identified O +age O +, O +hypoalbuminemia O +, O +heavy O +proteinuria O +, O +diuretic O +use O +, O +and O +urine O +sediment O +score O +( O +> O +3 O +) O +as O +risk O +factors O +. O + +aps B-category +Age O +and O +urine O +sediment O +score O +remained O +independently O +significant O +risk O +factors O +in O +the O +multivariate O +analysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +who O +had O +ARI O +after O +high O +- O +dose O +melphalan B-Chemical +underwent O +dialysis O +more O +often O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +007 O +) O +, O +and O +had O +a O +worse O +1 O +- O +year O +survival O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +03 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +The O +timing O +of O +renal O +injury O +strongly O +suggests O +melphalan B-Chemical +as O +the O +causative O +agent O +. O + +aps B-category +Ongoing O +tubular O +injury O +may O +be O +a O +prerequisite O +for O +renal O +injury O +by O +melphalan B-Chemical +as O +evidenced O +by O +the O +active O +urinary O +sediment O +. O + +aps B-category +Development O +of O +ARI O +adversely O +affected O +the O +outcome O +after O +PBSCT O +. O + +aps B-category +Effective O +preventive O +measures O +may O +help O +decrease O +the O +treatment O +mortality O +of O +PBSCT O +in O +AL O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Focal O +cerebral O +ischemia O +in O +rats O +: O +effect O +of O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypertension O +during O +reperfusion O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +180 O +min O +of O +temporary O +middle O +cerebral O +artery O +occlusion O +in O +spontaneously O +hypertensive O +rats O +, O +the O +effect O +of O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypertension O +on O +ischemic O +brain O +injury O +and O +blood O +- O +brain O +barrier O +permeability O +was O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +Blood O +pressure O +was O +manipulated O +by O +one O +of O +the O +following O +schedules O +during O +120 O +min O +of O +reperfusion O +: O +Control O +, O +normotensive O +reperfusion O +; O +90 O +/ O +hypertension O +( O +90 O +/ O +HTN O +) O +, O +blood O +pressure O +was O +increased O +by O +35 O +mm O +Hg O +during O +the O +initial O +90 O +min O +of O +reperfusion O +only O +; O +15 O +/ O +hypertension O +( O +15 O +/ O +HTN O +) O +, O +normotensive O +reperfusion O +for O +30 O +min O +followed O +by O +15 O +min O +of O +hypertension O +and O +75 O +min O +of O +normotension O +. O + +aps B-category +Part O +A O +, O +for O +eight O +rats O +in O +each O +group O +brain O +injury O +was O +evaluated O +by O +staining O +tissue O +using O +2 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +triphenyltetrazolium I-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +and O +edema O +was O +evaluated O +by O +microgravimetry O +. O + +aps B-category +Part O +B O +, O +for O +eight O +different O +rats O +in O +each O +group O +blood O +- O +brain O +barrier O +permeability O +was O +evaluated O +by O +measuring O +the O +amount O +and O +extent O +of O +extravasation O +of O +Evans O +Blue O +dye O +. O + +aps B-category +Brain O +injury O +( O +percentage O +of O +the O +ischemic O +hemisphere O +) O +was O +less O +in O +the O +15 O +/ O +HTN O +group O +( O +16 O ++ O +/ O +- O +6 O +, O +mean O ++ O +/ O +- O +SD O +) O +versus O +the O +90 O +/ O +HTN O +group O +( O +30 O ++ O +/ O +- O +6 O +) O +, O +which O +was O +in O +turn O +less O +than O +the O +control O +group O +( O +42 O ++ O +/ O +- O +5 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Specific O +gravity O +was O +greater O +in O +the O +15 O +/ O +HTN O +group O +( O +1 O +. O +043 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +002 O +) O +versus O +the O +90 O +/ O +HTN O +( O +1 O +. O +036 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +003 O +) O +and O +control O +( O +1 O +. O +037 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +003 O +) O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Evans B-Chemical +Blue I-Chemical +( O +mug O +g O +- O +1 O +of O +brain O +tissue O +) O +was O +greater O +in O +the O +90 O +/ O +HTN O +group O +( O +24 O +. O +4 O ++ O +/ O +- O +6 O +. O +0 O +) O +versus O +the O +control O +group O +( O +12 O +. O +3 O ++ O +/ O +- O +4 O +. O +1 O +) O +, O +which O +was O +in O +turn O +greater O +than O +the O +15 O +/ O +HTN O +group O +( O +7 O +. O +3 O ++ O +/ O +- O +3 O +. O +2 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +supports O +a O +hypothesis O +that O +during O +reperfusion O +, O +a O +short O +interval O +of O +hypertension O +decreases O +brain O +injury O +and O +edema O +; O +and O +that O +sustained O +hypertension O +increases O +the O +risk O +of O +vasogenic O +edema O +. O + +aps B-category +People O +aged O +over O +75 O +in O +atrial O +fibrillation O +on O +warfarin B-Chemical +: O +the O +rate O +of O +major O +hemorrhage O +and O +stroke O +in O +more O +than O +500 O +patient O +- O +years O +of O +follow O +- O +up O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVES O +: O +To O +determine O +the O +incidence O +of O +major O +hemorrhage O +and O +stroke O +in O +people O +aged O +76 O +and O +older O +with O +atrial O +fibrillation O +on O +adjusted O +- O +dose O +warfarin B-Chemical +who O +had O +been O +recently O +been O +admitted O +to O +hospital O +. O + +aps B-category +DESIGN O +: O +A O +retrospective O +observational O +cohort O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +SETTING O +: O +A O +major O +healthcare O +network O +involving O +four O +tertiary O +hospitals O +. O + +aps B-category +PARTICIPANTS O +: O +Two O +hundred O +thirty O +- O +five O +patients O +aged O +76 O +and O +older O +admitted O +to O +a O +major O +healthcare O +network O +between O +July O +1 O +, O +2001 O +, O +and O +June O +30 O +, O +2002 O +, O +with O +atrial O +fibrillation O +on O +warfarin B-Chemical +were O +enrolled O +. O + +aps B-category +MEASUREMENTS O +: O +Information O +regarding O +major O +bleeding O +episodes O +, O +strokes O +, O +and O +warfarin B-Chemical +use O +was O +obtained O +from O +patients O +, O +relatives O +, O +primary O +physicians O +, O +and O +medical O +records O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Two O +hundred O +twenty O +- O +eight O +patients O +( O +42 O +% O +men O +) O +with O +a O +mean O +age O +of O +81 O +. O +1 O +( O +range O +76 O +- O +94 O +) O +were O +included O +in O +the O +analysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Total O +follow O +- O +up O +on O +warfarin B-Chemical +was O +530 O +years O +( O +mean O +28 O +months O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +were O +53 O +major O +hemorrhages O +, O +for O +an O +annual O +rate O +of O +10 O +. O +0 O +% O +, O +including O +24 O +( O +45 O +. O +3 O +% O +) O +life O +- O +threatening O +and O +five O +( O +9 O +. O +4 O +% O +) O +fatal O +bleeds O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +annual O +stroke O +rate O +after O +initiation O +of O +warfarin B-Chemical +was O +2 O +. O +6 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +The O +rate O +of O +major O +hemorrhage O +was O +high O +in O +this O +old O +, O +frail O +group O +, O +but O +excluding O +fatalities O +, O +resulted O +in O +no O +long O +- O +term O +sequelae O +, O +and O +the O +stroke O +rate O +on O +warfarin B-Chemical +was O +low O +, O +demonstrating O +how O +effective O +warfarin B-Chemical +treatment O +is O +. O + +aps B-category +Safety O +of O +celecoxib B-Chemical +in O +patients O +with O +adverse O +skin O +reactions O +to O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +( O +paracetamol B-Chemical +) O +and O +nimesulide B-Chemical +associated O +or O +not O +with O +common O +non O +- O +steroidal O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Acetaminophen B-Chemical +( O +paracetamol B-Chemical +- O +- O +P B-Chemical +) O +and O +Nimesulide B-Chemical +( O +N B-Chemical +) O +are O +widely O +used O +analgesic O +- O +antipyretic O +/ O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +adverse O +hypersensitivity O +reactions O +to O +these O +agents O +is O +generally O +low O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +contrary O +non O +- O +steroidal O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +drugs O +( O +NSAIDs O +) O +are O +commonly O +involved O +in O +such O +reactions O +. O + +aps B-category +Celecoxib B-Chemical +( O +CE B-Chemical +) O +is O +a O +novel O +drug O +, O +with O +high O +selectivity O +and O +affinity O +for O +COX O +- O +2 O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +We O +evaluated O +the O +tolerability O +of O +CE B-Chemical +in O +a O +group O +of O +patients O +with O +documented O +history O +of O +adverse O +cutaneous O +reactions O +to O +P B-Chemical +and O +N B-Chemical +associated O +or O +not O +to O +classic O +NSAIDs O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +We O +studied O +9 O +patients O +with O +hypersensitivity O +to O +P B-Chemical +and O +N B-Chemical +with O +or O +without O +associated O +reactions O +to O +classic O +NSAIDs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +diagnosis O +of O +P B-Chemical +and O +N B-Chemical +- O +induced O +skin O +reactions O +was O +based O +in O +vivo O +challenge O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +placebo O +was O +blindly O +administered O +at O +the O +beginning O +of O +each O +challenge O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +three O +days O +, O +a O +cumulative O +dosage O +of O +200 O +mg O +of O +CE B-Chemical +in O +refracted O +doses O +were O +given O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +2 O +- O +3 O +days O +, O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +200 O +mg O +was O +administered O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +patients O +were O +observed O +for O +6 O +hours O +after O +each O +challenge O +, O +and O +controlled O +again O +after O +24 O +hours O +to O +exclude O +delayed O +reactions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +challenge O +was O +considered O +positive O +if O +one O +or O +more O +of O +the O +following O +appeared O +: O +erythema O +, O +rush O +or O +urticaria O +- O +angioedema O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +No O +reaction O +was O +observed O +with O +placebo O +and O +eight O +patients O +( O +88 O +. O +8 O +% O +) O +tolerated O +CE B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +one O +patient O +developed O +a O +moderate O +angioedema O +of O +the O +lips O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Only O +one O +hypersensitivity O +reaction O +to O +CE B-Chemical +was O +documented O +among O +9 O +P B-Chemical +and O +N B-Chemical +- O +highly O +NSAIDs O +intolerant O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +we O +conclude O +that O +CE B-Chemical +is O +a O +reasonably O +safe O +alternative O +to O +be O +used O +in O +subjects O +who O +do O +not O +tolerate O +P B-Chemical +and O +N B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Case O +- O +control O +study O +of O +regular O +analgesic O +and O +nonsteroidal O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +use O +and O +end O +- O +stage O +renal O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Studies O +on O +the O +association O +between O +the O +long O +- O +term O +use O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +and O +other O +analgesic O +and O +nonsteroidal O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +drugs O +( O +NSAIDs O +) O +and O +end O +- O +stage O +renal O +disease O +( O +ESRD O +) O +have O +given O +conflicting O +results O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +order O +to O +examine O +this O +association O +, O +a O +case O +- O +control O +study O +with O +incident O +cases O +of O +ESRD O +was O +carried O +out O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +The O +cases O +were O +all O +patients O +entering O +the O +local O +dialysis O +program O +because O +of O +ESRD O +in O +the O +study O +area O +between O +June O +1 O +, O +1995 O +and O +November O +30 O +, O +1997 O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +were O +classified O +according O +to O +the O +underlying O +disease O +, O +which O +had O +presumably O +led O +them O +to O +ESRD O +. O + +aps B-category +Controls O +were O +patients O +admitted O +to O +the O +same O +hospitals O +from O +where O +the O +cases O +arose O +, O +also O +matched O +by O +age O +and O +sex O +. O + +aps B-category +Odds O +ratios O +were O +calculated O +using O +a O +conditional O +logistic O +model O +, O +including O +potential O +confounding O +factors O +, O +both O +for O +the O +whole O +study O +population O +and O +for O +the O +various O +underlying O +diseases O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Five O +hundred O +and O +eighty O +- O +three O +cases O +and O +1190 O +controls O +were O +included O +in O +the O +analysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Long O +- O +term O +use O +of O +any O +analgesic O +was O +associated O +with O +an O +overall O +odds O +ratio O +of O +1 O +. O +22 O +( O +95 O +% O +CI O +, O +0 O +. O +89 O +- O +1 O +. O +66 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +specific O +groups O +of O +drugs O +, O +the O +risks O +were O +1 O +. O +56 O +( O +1 O +. O +05 O +- O +2 O +. O +30 O +) O +for O +aspirin B-Chemical +, O +1 O +. O +03 O +( O +0 O +. O +60 O +- O +1 O +. O +76 O +) O +for O +pyrazolones B-Chemical +, O +0 O +. O +80 O +( O +0 O +. O +39 O +- O +1 O +. O +63 O +) O +for O +paracetamol B-Chemical +, O +and O +0 O +. O +94 O +( O +0 O +. O +57 O +- O +1 O +. O +56 O +) O +for O +nonaspirin O +NSAIDs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +risk O +of O +ESRD O +associated O +with O +aspirin B-Chemical +was O +related O +to O +the O +cumulated O +dose O +and O +duration O +of O +use O +, O +and O +it O +was O +particularly O +high O +among O +the O +subset O +of O +patients O +with O +vascular O +nephropathy O +as O +underlying O +disease O +[ O +2 O +. O +35 O +( O +1 O +. O +17 O +- O +4 O +. O +72 O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Our O +data O +indicate O +that O +long O +- O +term O +use O +of O +nonaspirin O +analgesic O +drugs O +and O +NSAIDs O +is O +not O +associated O +with O +an O +increased O +risk O +of O +ESRD O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +chronic O +use O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +may O +increase O +the O +risk O +of O +ESRD O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +cases O +of O +amisulpride B-Chemical +overdose O +: O +a O +cause O +for O +prolonged O +QT O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +cases O +of O +deliberate O +self O +- O +poisoning O +with O +5 O +g O +and O +3 O +. O +6 O +g O +of O +amisulpride B-Chemical +, O +respectively O +, O +are O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +both O +cases O +, O +QT O +prolongation O +and O +hypocalcaemia O +were O +noted O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +QT O +prolongation O +appeared O +to O +respond O +to O +administration O +of O +i O +. O +v O +. O +calcium B-Chemical +gluconate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Growth O +- O +associated O +protein O +43 O +expression O +in O +hippocampal O +molecular O +layer O +of O +chronic O +epileptic O +rats O +treated O +with O +cycloheximide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +GAP43 O +has O +been O +thought O +to O +be O +linked O +with O +mossy O +fiber O +sprouting O +( O +MFS O +) O +in O +various O +experimental O +models O +of O +epilepsy O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +investigate O +how O +GAP43 O +expression O +( O +GAP43 O +- O +ir O +) O +correlates O +with O +MFS O +, O +we O +assessed O +the O +intensity O +( O +densitometry O +) O +and O +extension O +( O +width O +) O +of O +GAP43 O +- O +ir O +in O +the O +inner O +molecular O +layer O +of O +the O +dentate O +gyrus O +( O +IML O +) O +of O +rats O +subject O +to O +status O +epilepticus O +induced O +by O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +( O +Pilo B-Chemical +) O +, O +previously O +injected O +or O +not O +with O +cycloheximide B-Chemical +( O +CHX B-Chemical +) O +, O +which O +has O +been O +shown O +to O +inhibit O +MFS O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +CHX B-Chemical +was O +injected O +before O +the O +Pilo B-Chemical +injection O +in O +adult O +Wistar O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Pilo B-Chemical +group O +was O +injected O +with O +the O +same O +drugs O +, O +except O +for O +CHX B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Animals O +were O +killed O +between O +30 O +and O +60 O +days O +later O +, O +and O +brain O +sections O +were O +processed O +for O +GAP43 O +immunohistochemistry O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Densitometry O +showed O +no O +significant O +difference O +regarding O +GAP43 O +- O +ir O +in O +the O +IML O +between O +Pilo B-Chemical +, O +CHX B-Chemical ++ O +Pilo B-Chemical +, O +and O +control O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +results O +of O +the O +width O +of O +the O +GAP43 O +- O +ir O +band O +in O +the O +IML O +showed O +that O +CHX B-Chemical ++ O +Pilo B-Chemical +and O +control O +animals O +had O +a O +significantly O +larger O +band O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +03 O +) O +as O +compared O +with O +that O +in O +the O +Pilo B-Chemical +group O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Our O +current O +finding O +that O +animals O +in O +the O +CHX B-Chemical ++ O +Pilo B-Chemical +group O +have O +a O +GAP43 O +- O +ir O +band O +in O +the O +IML O +, O +similar O +to O +that O +of O +controls O +, O +reinforces O +prior O +data O +on O +the O +blockade O +of O +MFS O +in O +these O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +change O +in O +GAP43 O +- O +ir O +present O +in O +Pilo B-Chemical +- O +treated O +animals O +was O +a O +thinning O +of O +the O +band O +to O +a O +very O +narrow O +layer O +just O +above O +the O +granule O +cell O +layer O +that O +is O +likely O +to O +be O +associated O +with O +the O +loss O +of O +hilar O +cell O +projections O +that O +express O +GAP O +- O +43 O +. O + +aps B-category +Nicotine B-Chemical +antagonizes O +caffeine B-Chemical +- O +but O +not O +pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical +- O +induced O +anxiogenic O +effect O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +RATIONALE O +: O +Nicotine B-Chemical +and O +caffeine B-Chemical +are O +widely O +consumed O +licit O +psychoactive O +drugs O +worldwide O +. O + +aps B-category +Epidemiological O +studies O +showed O +that O +they O +were O +generally O +used O +concurrently O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +some O +studies O +in O +experimental O +animals O +indicate O +clear O +pharmacological O +interactions O +between O +them O +, O +no O +studies O +have O +shown O +a O +specific O +interaction O +on O +anxiety O +responses O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVES O +: O +The O +present O +study O +investigates O +the O +effects O +of O +nicotine B-Chemical +on O +anxiety O +induced O +by O +caffeine B-Chemical +and O +another O +anxiogenic O +drug O +, O +pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical +, O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +elevated O +plus O +- O +maze O +( O +EPM O +) O +test O +was O +used O +to O +evaluate O +the O +effects O +of O +drugs O +on O +anxiety O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Adult O +male O +Swiss O +Webster O +mice O +( O +25 O +- O +32 O +g O +) O +were O +given O +nicotine B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +05 O +- O +0 O +. O +25 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +s O +. O +c O +. O +) O +or O +saline O +10 O +min O +before O +caffeine B-Chemical +( O +70 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +or O +pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical +( O +15 O +and O +30 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +injections O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +15 O +min O +, O +mice O +were O +evaluated O +for O +their O +open O +- O +and O +closed O +- O +arm O +time O +and O +entries O +on O +the O +EPM O +for O +a O +10 O +- O +min O +session O +. O + +aps B-category +Locomotor O +activity O +was O +recorded O +for O +individual O +groups O +by O +using O +the O +same O +treatment O +protocol O +with O +the O +EPM O +test O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Nicotine B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +05 O +- O +0 O +. O +25 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +itself O +did O +not O +produce O +any O +significant O +effect O +in O +the O +EPM O +test O +, O +whereas O +caffeine B-Chemical +( O +70 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +and O +pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical +( O +30 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +produced O +an O +anxiogenic O +effect O +, O +apparent O +with O +decreases O +in O +open O +- O +arm O +time O +and O +entry O +. O + +aps B-category +Nicotine B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +25 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +pretreatment O +blocked O +the O +caffeine B-Chemical +- O +but O +not O +pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical +- O +induced O +anxiety O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +each O +drug O +and O +their O +combinations O +did O +not O +produce O +any O +effect O +on O +locomotor O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Our O +results O +suggest O +that O +the O +antagonistic O +effect O +of O +nicotine B-Chemical +on O +caffeine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +anxiety O +is O +specific O +to O +caffeine B-Chemical +, O +instead O +of O +a O +non O +- O +specific O +anxiolytic O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +it O +may O +extend O +the O +current O +findings O +on O +the O +interaction O +between O +nicotine B-Chemical +and O +caffeine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Long O +term O +hormone O +therapy O +for O +perimenopausal O +and O +postmenopausal O +women O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Hormone O +therapy O +( O +HT O +) O +is O +widely O +used O +for O +controlling O +menopausal O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +has O +also O +been O +used O +for O +the O +management O +and O +prevention O +of O +cardiovascular O +disease O +, O +osteoporosis O +and O +dementia O +in O +older O +women O +but O +the O +evidence O +supporting O +its O +use O +for O +these O +indications O +is O +largely O +observational O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVES O +: O +To O +assess O +the O +effect O +of O +long O +- O +term O +HT O +on O +mortality O +, O +heart O +disease O +, O +venous O +thromboembolism O +, O +stroke O +, O +transient O +ischaemic O +attacks O +, O +breast O +cancer O +, O +colorectal O +cancer O +, O +ovarian O +cancer O +, O +endometrial O +cancer O +, O +gallbladder O +disease O +, O +cognitive O +function O +, O +dementia O +, O +fractures O +and O +quality O +of O +life O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Cardiotoxicity O +is O +a O +rare O +complication O +occurring O +during O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluorouracil I-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +) O +treatment O +for O +malignancies O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +herein O +report O +the O +case O +of O +a O +70 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +man O +with O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiotoxicity O +, O +in O +whom O +a O +high O +serum O +level O +of O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluoro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +( O +FBAL B-Chemical +) O +was O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +, O +who O +had O +unresectable O +colon O +cancer O +metastases O +to O +the O +liver O +and O +lung O +, O +was O +referred O +to O +us O +for O +chemotherapy O +from O +an O +affiliated O +hospital O +; O +he O +had O +no O +cardiac O +history O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +case O +of O +an O +11 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +boy O +is O +reported O +who O +was O +known O +to O +have O +Fanconi O +' O +s O +anemia O +for O +3 O +years O +and O +was O +treated O +with O +androgens B-Chemical +, O +corticosteroids B-Chemical +and O +transfusions O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +weeks O +before O +his O +death O +he O +was O +readmitted O +because O +of O +aplastic O +crisis O +with O +septicemia O +and O +marked O +abnormalities O +in O +liver O +function O +and O +died O +of O +hemorrhagic O +bronchopneumonia O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +autopsy O +peliosis O +and O +multiple O +hepatic O +tumors O +were O +found O +which O +histologically O +proved O +to O +be O +well O +- O +differentiated O +hepatocellular O +carcinoma O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +case O +contributes O +to O +the O +previous O +observations O +that O +non O +- O +metastasizing O +hepatic O +neoplasms O +and O +peliosis O +can O +develop O +in O +patients O +with O +androgen B-Chemical +- O +and O +corticosteroid B-Chemical +- O +treated O +Fanconi O +' O +s O +anemia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +the O +time O +interval O +between O +monoHER B-Chemical +and O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +administration O +on O +the O +protection O +against O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiotoxicity O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +Despite O +its O +well O +- O +known O +cardiotoxicity O +, O +the O +anthracyclin O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +( O +DOX B-Chemical +) O +continues O +to O +be O +an O +effective O +and O +widely O +used O +chemotherapeutic O +agent O +. O + +aps B-category +DOX B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiac O +damage O +presumably O +results O +from O +the O +formation O +of O +free O +radicals O +by O +DOX B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Reactive O +oxygen B-Chemical +species O +particularly O +affect O +the O +cardiac O +myocytes O +because O +these O +cells O +seem O +to O +have O +a O +relatively O +poor O +antioxidant O +defense O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +semisynthetic O +flavonoid B-Chemical +monohydroxyethylrutoside B-Chemical +( O +monoHER B-Chemical +) O +showed O +cardioprotection O +against O +DOX B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiotoxicity O +through O +its O +radical O +scavenging O +and O +iron B-Chemical +chelating O +properties O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +of O +the O +relatively O +short O +final O +half O +- O +life O +of O +monoHER B-Chemical +( O +about O +30 O +min O +) O +, O +it O +is O +expected O +that O +the O +time O +interval O +between O +monoHER B-Chemical +and O +DOX B-Chemical +might O +be O +of O +influence O +on O +the O +cardioprotective O +effect O +of O +monoHER B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +the O +aim O +of O +the O +present O +study O +was O +to O +investigate O +this O +possible O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Six O +groups O +of O +6 O +BALB O +/ O +c O +mice O +were O +treated O +with O +saline O +, O +DOX B-Chemical +alone O +or O +DOX B-Chemical +( O +4 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O +preceded O +by O +monoHER B-Chemical +( O +500 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +with O +an O +interval O +of O +10 O +, O +30 O +, O +60 O +or O +120 O +min O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +a O +6 O +- O +week O +treatment O +period O +and O +additional O +observation O +for O +2 O +weeks O +, O +the O +mice O +were O +sacrificed O +. O + +aps B-category +Their O +cardiac O +tissues O +were O +processed O +for O +light O +microscopy O +, O +after O +which O +cardiomyocyte O +damage O +was O +evaluated O +according O +to O +Billingham O +( O +in O +Cancer O +Treat O +Rep O +62 O +( O +6 O +) O +: O +865 O +- O +872 O +, O +1978 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Microscopic O +evaluation O +revealed O +that O +treatment O +with O +DOX B-Chemical +alone O +induced O +significant O +cardiac O +damage O +in O +comparison O +to O +the O +saline O +control O +group O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +number O +of O +damaged O +cardiomyocytes O +was O +9 O +. O +6 O +- O +fold O +( O +95 O +% O +CI O +4 O +. O +4 O +- O +21 O +. O +0 O +) O +higher O +in O +mice O +treated O +with O +DOX B-Chemical +alone O +than O +that O +in O +animals O +of O +the O +control O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ratio O +of O +aberrant O +cardiomyocytes O +in O +mice O +treated O +with O +DOX B-Chemical +preceded O +by O +monoHER B-Chemical +and O +those O +in O +mice O +treated O +with O +saline O +ranged O +from O +1 O +. O +6 O +to O +2 O +. O +8 O +( O +mean O +2 O +. O +2 O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +1 O +. O +2 O +- O +4 O +. O +1 O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +019 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +protective O +effect O +by O +adding O +monoHER B-Chemical +before O +DOX B-Chemical +led O +to O +a O +significant O +4 O +. O +4 O +- O +fold O +reduction O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +2 O +. O +3 O +- O +8 O +. O +2 O +) O +of O +abnormal O +cardiomyocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +protective O +effect O +did O +not O +depend O +on O +the O +time O +interval O +between O +monoHER B-Chemical +and O +DOX B-Chemical +administration O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +345 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +The O +results O +indicate O +that O +in O +an O +outpatient O +clinical O +setting O +monoHER B-Chemical +may O +be O +administered O +shortly O +before O +DOX B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +evaluation O +of O +adverse O +effects O +during O +bepridil B-Chemical +administration O +for O +atrial O +fibrillation O +and O +flutter O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Bepridil B-Chemical +hydrochloride I-Chemical +( O +Bpd B-Chemical +) O +has O +attracted O +attention O +as O +an O +effective O +drug O +for O +atrial O +fibrillation O +( O +AF O +) O +and O +atrial O +flutter O +( O +AFL O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +serious O +adverse O +effects O +, O +including O +torsade O +de O +pointes O +( O +Tdp O +) O +, O +have O +been O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +AND O +RESULTS O +: O +Adverse O +effects O +of O +Bpd B-Chemical +requiring O +discontinuation O +of O +treatment O +were O +evaluated O +. O + +aps B-category +Bpd B-Chemical +was O +administered O +to O +459 O +patients O +( O +361 O +males O +, O +63 O ++ O +/ O +- O +12 O +years O +old O +) O +comprising O +378 O +AF O +and O +81 O +AFL O +cases O +. O + +aps B-category +Mean O +left O +ventricular O +ejection O +fraction O +and O +atrial O +dimension O +( O +LAD O +) O +were O +66 O ++ O +/ O +- O +11 O +% O +and O +40 O ++ O +/ O +- O +6 O +mm O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Adverse O +effects O +were O +observed O +in O +19 O +patients O +( O +4 O +% O +) O +during O +an O +average O +follow O +- O +up O +of O +20 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +marked O +QT O +prolongation O +greater O +than O +0 O +. O +55 O +s O +in O +13 O +patients O +, O +bradycardia O +less O +than O +40 O +beats O +/ O +min O +in O +6 O +patients O +, O +dizziness O +and O +general O +fatigue O +in O +1 O +patient O +each O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +4 O +of O +13 O +patients O +with O +QT O +prolongation O +, O +Tdp O +occurred O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +major O +triggering O +factors O +of O +Tdp O +were O +hypokalemia O +and O +sudden O +decrease O +in O +heart O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +were O +no O +differences O +in O +the O +clinical O +backgrounds O +of O +the O +patients O +with O +and O +without O +Tdp O +other O +than O +LAD O +and O +age O +, O +which O +were O +larger O +and O +older O +in O +the O +patients O +with O +Tdp O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Careful O +observation O +of O +serum O +potassium B-Chemical +concentration O +and O +the O +ECG O +should O +always O +be O +done O +during O +Bpd B-Chemical +administration O +, O +particularly O +in O +elderly O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Enhanced O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiac O +hypertrophy O +in O +transgenic O +rats O +with O +low O +brain O +angiotensinogen O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +previously O +shown O +that O +a O +permanent O +deficiency O +in O +the O +brain O +renin O +- O +angiotensin B-Chemical +system O +( O +RAS O +) O +may O +increase O +the O +sensitivity O +of O +the O +baroreflex O +control O +of O +heart O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +study O +we O +aimed O +at O +studying O +the O +involvement O +of O +the O +brain O +RAS O +in O +the O +cardiac O +reactivity O +to O +the O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +( O +beta O +- O +AR O +) O +agonist O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +( O +Iso B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Transgenic O +rats O +with O +low O +brain O +angiotensinogen O +( O +TGR O +) O +were O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +isolated O +hearts O +, O +Iso B-Chemical +induced O +a O +significantly O +greater O +increase O +in O +left O +ventricular O +( O +LV O +) O +pressure O +and O +maximal O +contraction O +( O ++ O +dP O +/ O +dt O +( O +max O +) O +) O +in O +the O +TGR O +than O +in O +the O +Sprague O +- O +Dawley O +( O +SD O +) O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +LV O +hypertrophy O +induced O +by O +Iso B-Chemical +treatment O +was O +significantly O +higher O +in O +TGR O +than O +in O +SD O +rats O +( O +in O +g O +LV O +wt O +/ O +100 O +g O +body O +wt O +, O +0 O +. O +28 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +004 O +vs O +. O +0 O +. O +24 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +004 O +, O +respectively O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +greater O +LV O +hypertrophy O +in O +TGR O +rats O +was O +associated O +with O +more O +pronounced O +downregulation O +of O +beta O +- O +AR O +and O +upregulation O +of O +LV O +beta O +- O +AR O +kinase O +- O +1 O +mRNA O +levels O +compared O +with O +those O +in O +SD O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +decrease O +in O +the O +heart O +rate O +( O +HR O +) O +induced O +by O +the O +beta O +- O +AR O +antagonist O +metoprolol B-Chemical +in O +conscious O +rats O +was O +significantly O +attenuated O +in O +TGR O +compared O +with O +SD O +rats O +( O +- O +9 O +. O +9 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +7 O +% O +vs O +. O +- O +18 O +. O +1 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +5 O +% O +) O +, O +whereas O +the O +effect O +of O +parasympathetic O +blockade O +by O +atropine B-Chemical +on O +HR O +was O +similar O +in O +both O +strains O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +indicate O +that O +TGR O +are O +more O +sensitive O +to O +beta O +- O +AR O +agonist O +- O +induced O +cardiac O +inotropic O +response O +and O +hypertrophy O +, O +possibly O +due O +to O +chronically O +low O +sympathetic O +outflow O +directed O +to O +the O +heart O +. O + +aps B-category +Drug O +- O +induced O +long O +QT O +syndrome O +in O +injection O +drug O +users O +receiving O +methadone B-Chemical +: O +high O +frequency O +in O +hospitalized O +patients O +and O +risk O +factors O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Drug O +- O +induced O +long O +QT O +syndrome O +is O +a O +serious O +adverse O +drug O +reaction O +. 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O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +In O +this O +open O +trial O +, O +galantamine B-Chemical +was O +well O +- O +tolerated O +and O +appeared O +to O +be O +beneficial O +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +interfering O +behaviors O +in O +children O +with O +autism O +, O +particularly O +aggression O +, O +behavioral O +dyscontrol O +, O +and O +inattention O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +controlled O +trials O +are O +warranted O +. O + +aps B-category +Randomized O +comparison O +of O +olanzapine B-Chemical +versus O +risperidone B-Chemical +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +first O +- O +episode O +schizophrenia O +: O +4 O +- O +month O +outcomes O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +The O +authors O +compared O +4 O +- O +month O +treatment O +outcomes O +for O +olanzapine B-Chemical +versus O +risperidone B-Chemical +in O +patients O +with O +first O +- O +episode O +schizophrenia O +spectrum O +disorders O +. O + +aps B-category +METHOD O +: O +One O +hundred O +twelve O +subjects O +( O +70 O +% O +male O +; O +mean O +age O += O +23 O +. O +3 O +years O +[ O +SD O += O +5 O +. O +1 O +] O +) O +with O +first O +- O +episode O +schizophrenia O +( O +75 O +% O +) O +, O +schizophreniform O +disorder O +( O +17 O +% O +) O +, O +or O +schizoaffective O +disorder O +( O +8 O +% O +) O +were O +randomly O +assigned O +to O +treatment O +with O +olanzapine B-Chemical +( O +2 O +. O +5 O +- O +20 O +mg O +/ O +day O +) O +or O +risperidone B-Chemical +( O +1 O +- O +6 O +mg O +/ O +day O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Response O +rates O +did O +not O +significantly O +differ O +between O +olanzapine B-Chemical +( O +43 O +. O +7 O +% O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O += O +28 O +. O +8 O +% O +- O +58 O +. O +6 O +% O +) O +and O +risperidone B-Chemical +( O +54 O +. O +3 O +% O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O += O +39 O +. O +9 O +% O +- O +68 O +. O +7 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +those O +responding O +to O +treatment O +, O +more O +subjects O +in O +the O +olanzapine B-Chemical +group O +( O +40 O +. O +9 O +% O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O += O +16 O +. O +8 O +% O +- O +65 O +. O +0 O +% O +) O +than O +in O +the O +risperidone B-Chemical +group O +( O +18 O +. O +9 O +% O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O += O +0 O +% O +- O +39 O +. O +2 O +% O +) O +had O +subsequent O +ratings O +not O +meeting O +response O +criteria O +. O + +aps B-category +Negative O +symptom O +outcomes O +and O +measures O +of O +parkinsonism O +and O +akathisia O +did O +not O +differ O +between O +medications O +. O + +aps B-category +Extrapyramidal O +symptom O +severity O +scores O +were O +1 O +. O +4 O +( O +95 O +% O +CI O += O +1 O +. O +2 O +- O +1 O +. O +6 O +) O +with O +risperidone B-Chemical +and O +1 O +. O +2 O +( O +95 O +% O +CI O += O +1 O +. O +0 O +- O +1 O +. O +4 O +) O +with O +olanzapine B-Chemical +. 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O +2 O +- O +28 O +. O +2 O +) O +with O +risperidone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Clinical O +outcomes O +with O +risperidone B-Chemical +were O +equal O +to O +those O +with O +olanzapine B-Chemical +, O +and O +response O +may O +be O +more O +stable O +. O + +aps B-category +Olanzapine B-Chemical +may O +have O +an O +advantage O +for O +motor O +side O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +medications O +caused O +substantial O +rapid O +weight O +gain O +, O +but O +weight O +gain O +was O +greater O +with O +olanzapine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Early O +paracentral O +visual O +field O +loss O +in O +patients O +taking O +hydroxychloroquine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +review O +the O +natural O +history O +and O +ocular O +and O +systemic O +adverse O +effects O +of O +patients O +taking O +hydroxychloroquine B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +who O +attended O +an O +ophthalmic O +screening O +program O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Screening O +, O +including O +Humphrey O +10 O +- O +2 O +visual O +field O +assessment O +, O +is O +recommended O +2 O +years O +after O +the O +initial O +baseline O +and O +yearly O +thereafter O +. O + +aps B-category +Peri O +- O +operative O +atrioventricular O +block O +as O +a O +result O +of O +chemotherapy O +with O +epirubicin B-Chemical +and O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +47 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +presented O +for O +mastectomy O +and O +immediate O +latissimus O +dorsi O +flap O +reconstruction O +having O +been O +diagnosed O +with O +carcinoma O +of O +the O +breast O +6 O +months O +previously O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +preceding O +months O +she O +had O +received O +neo O +- O +adjuvant O +chemotherapy O +with O +epirubicin B-Chemical +, O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +( O +Taxol B-Chemical +) O +and O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +We O +suggest O +that O +patients O +who O +have O +received O +chemotherapy O +at O +any O +time O +should O +have O +a O +pre O +- O +operative O +electrocardiogram O +even O +if O +they O +are O +asymptomatic O +. O + +aps B-category +Risks O +and O +benefits O +of O +COX B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +inhibitors I-Chemical +vs O +non O +- O +selective O +NSAIDs O +: O +does O +their O +cardiovascular O +risk O +exceed O +their O +gastrointestinal O +benefit O +? O + +aps B-category +A O +retrospective O +cohort O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVES O +: O +The O +risk O +of O +acute O +myocardial O +infarction O +( O +AMI O +) O +with O +COX B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +inhibitors I-Chemical +may O +offset O +their O +gastrointestinal O +( O +GI O +) O +benefit O +compared O +with O +non O +- O +selective O +( O +NS O +) O +non B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +steroidal I-Chemical +anti I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +inflammatory I-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +( O +NSAIDs O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +aimed O +to O +compare O +the O +risks O +of O +hospitalization O +for O +AMI O +and O +GI O +bleeding O +among O +elderly O +patients O +using O +COX B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +inhibitors I-Chemical +, O +NS O +- O +NSAIDs O +and O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +We O +conducted O +a O +retrospective O +cohort O +study O +using O +administrative O +data O +of O +patients O +> O +or O += O +65 O +years O +of O +age O +who O +filled O +a O +prescription O +for O +NSAID O +or O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +during O +1999 O +- O +2002 O +. O + +aps B-category +Outcomes O +were O +compared O +using O +Cox O +regression O +models O +with O +time O +- O +dependent O +exposures O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Person O +- O +years O +of O +exposure O +among O +non O +- O +users O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +were O +: O +75 O +, O +761 O +to O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +, O +42 O +, O +671 O +to O +rofecoxib B-Chemical +65 O +, O +860 O +to O +celecoxib B-Chemical +, O +and O +37 O +, O +495 O +to O +NS O +- O +NSAIDs O +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +users O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +, O +they O +were O +: O +14 O +, O +671 O +to O +rofecoxib B-Chemical +, O +22 O +, O +875 O +to O +celecoxib B-Chemical +, O +9 O +, O +832 O +to O +NS O +- O +NSAIDs O +and O +38 O +, O +048 O +to O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +non O +- O +users O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +, O +the O +adjusted O +hazard O +ratios O +( O +95 O +% O +confidence O +interval O +) O +of O +hospitalization O +for O +AMI O +/ O +GI O +vs O +the O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +( O +with O +no O +aspirin B-Chemical +) O +group O +were O +: O +rofecoxib B-Chemical +1 O +. O +27 O +( O +1 O +. O +13 O +, O +1 O +. O +42 O +) O +, O +celecoxib B-Chemical +0 O +. O +93 O +( O +0 O +. O +83 O +, O +1 O +. O +03 O +) O +, O +naproxen B-Chemical +1 O +. O +59 O +( O +1 O +. O +31 O +, O +1 O +. O +93 O +) O +, O +diclofenac B-Chemical +1 O +. O +17 O +( O +0 O +. O +99 O +, O +1 O +. O +38 O +) O +and O +ibuprofen B-Chemical +1 O +. O +05 O +( O +0 O +. O +74 O +, O +1 O +. O +51 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +users O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +, O +they O +were O +: O +rofecoxib B-Chemical +1 O +. O +73 O +( O +1 O +. O +52 O +, O +1 O +. O +98 O +) O +, O +celecoxib B-Chemical +1 O +. O +34 O +( O +1 O +. O +19 O +, O +1 O +. O +52 O +) O +, O +ibuprofen B-Chemical +1 O +. O +51 O +( O +0 O +. O +95 O +, O +2 O +. O +41 O +) O +, O +diclofenac B-Chemical +1 O +. O +69 O +( O +1 O +. O +35 O +, O +2 O +. O +10 O +) O +, O +naproxen B-Chemical +1 O +. O +35 O +( O +0 O +. O +97 O +, O +1 O +. O +88 O +) O +and O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +1 O +. O +29 O +( O +1 O +. O +17 O +, O +1 O +. O +42 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Among O +non O +- O +users O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +, O +naproxen B-Chemical +seemed O +to O +carry O +the O +highest O +risk O +for O +AMI O +/ O +GI O +bleeding O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +AMI O +/ O +GI O +toxicity O +of O +celecoxib B-Chemical +was O +similar O +to O +that O +of O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +and O +seemed O +to O +be O +better O +than O +those O +of O +rofecoxib B-Chemical +and O +NS O +- O +NSAIDs O +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +users O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +, O +both O +celecoxib B-Chemical +and O +naproxen B-Chemical +seemed O +to O +be O +the O +least O +toxic O +. O + +aps B-category +Quinine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +arrhythmia O +in O +a O +patient O +with O +severe O +malaria O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +reported O +that O +there O +was O +a O +case O +of O +severe O +malaria O +patient O +with O +jaundice O +who O +presented O +with O +arrhythmia O +( O +premature O +ventricular O +contraction O +) O +while O +getting O +quinine B-Chemical +infusion O +was O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +man O +, O +25 O +years O +old O +, O +was O +admitted O +to O +hospital O +with O +high O +fever O +, O +chill O +, O +vomiting O +, O +jaundice O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +was O +fully O +conscious O +, O +blood O +pressure O +120 O +/ O +80 O +mmHg O +, O +pulse O +rate O +100 O +x O +/ O +minute O +, O +regular O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +admission O +, O +laboratory O +examination O +showed O +Plasmodium O +falciparum O +( O ++ O ++ O ++ O ++ O +) O +, O +total O +bilirubin B-Chemical +8 O +. O +25 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +, O +conjugated O +bilirubin B-Chemical +4 O +. O +36 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +, O +unconjugated O +bilirubin B-Chemical +3 O +. O +89 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +, O +potassium B-Chemical +3 O +. O +52 O +meq O +/ O +L O +Patient O +was O +diagnosed O +as O +severe O +malaria O +with O +jaundice O +and O +got O +quinine B-Chemical +infusion O +in O +dextrose B-Chemical +5 O +% O +500 O +mg O +/ O +8 O +hour O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +second O +day O +the O +patient O +had O +vomitus O +, O +diarrhea O +, O +tinnitus O +, O +loss O +of O +hearing O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +30 O +hours O +of O +quinine B-Chemical +infusion O +the O +patient O +felt O +palpitation O +and O +electrocardiography O +( O +ECG O +) O +recording O +showed O +premature O +ventricular O +contraction O +( O +PVC O +) O +> O +5 O +x O +/ O +minute O +, O +trigemini O +, O +constant O +type O +- O +- O +sinoatrial O +block O +, O +positive O +U O +wave O +. O + +aps B-category +He O +was O +treated O +with O +lidocaine B-Chemical +50 O +mg O +intravenously O +followed O +by O +infusion O +1500 O +mg O +in O +dextrose B-Chemical +5 O +% O +/ O +24 O +hour O +and O +potassium B-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +tablet O +. O + +aps B-category +Quinine B-Chemical +infusion O +was O +discontinued O +and O +changed O +with O +sulfate O +quinine B-Chemical +tablets O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +hours O +later O +the O +patient O +felt O +better O +, O +the O +frequency O +of O +PVC O +reduced O +to O +4 O +- O +5 O +x O +/ O +minute O +and O +on O +the O +third O +day O +ECG O +was O +normal O +, O +potassium B-Chemical +level O +was O +3 O +. O +34 O +meq O +/ O +L O +. O + +aps B-category +He O +was O +discharged O +on O +7th O +day O +in O +good O +condition O +. O + +aps B-category +Quinine B-Chemical +, O +like O +quinidine B-Chemical +, O +is O +a O +chincona O +alkaloid O +that O +has O +anti O +- O +arrhythmic O +property O +, O +although O +it O +also O +pro O +- O +arrhythmic O +that O +can O +cause O +various O +arrhythmias O +, O +including O +severe O +arrhythmia O +such O +as O +multiple O +PVC O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +parenteral O +quinine B-Chemical +must O +be O +done O +carefully O +and O +with O +good O +observation O +because O +of O +its O +pro O +- O +arrhythmic O +effect O +, O +especially O +in O +older O +patients O +who O +have O +heart O +diseases O +or O +patients O +with O +electrolyte O +disorder O +( O +hypokalemia O +) O +which O +frequently O +occurs O +due O +to O +vomiting O +and O +or O +diarrhea O +in O +malaria O +cases O +. O + +aps B-category +Penicillamine B-Chemical +- O +related O +lichenoid O +dermatitis O +and O +utility O +of O +zinc B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +in O +a O +Wilson O +disease O +patient O +with O +hepatic O +presentation O +, O +anxiety O +and O +SPECT O +abnormalities O +. O + +aps B-category +Wilson O +' O +s O +disease O +is O +an O +autosomal O +recessive O +disorder O +of O +hepatic O +copper B-Chemical +metabolism O +with O +consequent O +copper B-Chemical +accumulation O +and O +toxicity O +in O +many O +tissues O +and O +consequent O +hepatic O +, O +neurologic O +and O +psychiatric O +disorders O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +a O +case O +of O +Wilson O +' O +s O +disease O +with O +chronic O +liver O +disease O +; O +moreover O +, O +in O +our O +patient O +, O +presenting O +also O +with O +high O +levels O +of O +state O +anxiety O +without O +depression O +, O +99mTc O +- O +ECD O +- O +SPECT O +showed O +cortical O +hypoperfusion O +in O +frontal O +lobes O +, O +more O +marked O +on O +the O +left O +frontal O +lobe O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +the O +follow O +- O +up O +of O +our O +patient O +, O +penicillamine B-Chemical +was O +interrupted O +after O +the O +appearance O +of O +a O +lichenoid O +dermatitis O +, O +and O +zinc B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +permitted O +to O +continue O +the O +successful O +treatment O +of O +the O +patient O +without O +side O +- O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +our O +case O +the O +therapy O +with O +zinc B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +represented O +an O +effective O +treatment O +for O +a O +Wilson O +' O +s O +disease O +patient O +in O +which O +penicillamine B-Chemical +- O +related O +side O +effects O +appeared O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +safety O +of O +the O +zinc B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +allowed O +us O +to O +avoid O +other O +potentially O +toxic O +chelating O +drugs O +; O +this O +observation O +is O +in O +line O +with O +the O +growing O +evidence O +on O +the O +efficacy O +of O +the O +drug O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +Wilson O +' O +s O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +most O +of O +Wilson O +' O +s O +disease O +penicillamine B-Chemical +- O +treated O +patients O +do O +not O +seem O +to O +develop O +this O +skin O +lesion O +, O +it O +could O +be O +conceivable O +that O +a O +specific O +genetic O +factor O +is O +involved O +in O +drug O +response O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +studies O +are O +needed O +for O +a O +better O +clarification O +of O +Wilson O +' O +s O +disease O +therapy O +, O +and O +in O +particular O +to O +differentiate O +specific O +therapies O +for O +different O +Wilson O +' O +s O +disease O +phenotypes O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +dramatic O +drop O +in O +blood O +pressure O +following O +prehospital O +GTN B-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +male O +in O +his O +sixties O +with O +no O +history O +of O +cardiac O +chest O +pain O +awoke O +with O +chest O +pain O +following O +an O +afternoon O +sleep O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +did O +not O +self O +medicate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +' O +s O +observations O +were O +within O +normal O +limits O +, O +he O +was O +administered O +oxygen B-Chemical +via O +a O +face O +mask O +and O +glyceryl B-Chemical +trinitrate I-Chemical +( O +GTN B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Several O +minutes O +after O +the O +GTN B-Chemical +the O +patient O +experienced O +a O +sudden O +drop O +in O +blood O +pressure O +and O +heart O +rate O +, O +this O +was O +rectified O +by O +atropine B-Chemical +sulphate I-Chemical +and O +a O +fluid O +challenge O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +further O +deterioration O +in O +the O +patient O +' O +s O +condition O +during O +transport O +to O +hospital O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +are O +very O +few O +documented O +case O +like O +this O +in O +the O +prehospital O +scientific O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cause O +appears O +to O +be O +the O +Bezold O +- O +Jarish O +reflex O +, O +stimulation O +of O +the O +ventricular O +walls O +which O +in O +turn O +decreases O +sympathetic O +outflow O +from O +the O +vasomotor O +centre O +. O + +aps B-category +Prehospital O +care O +providers O +who O +are O +managing O +any O +patient O +with O +a O +syncopal O +episode O +that O +fails O +to O +recover O +within O +a O +reasonable O +time O +frame O +should O +consider O +the O +Bezold O +- O +Jarisch O +reflex O +as O +the O +cause O +and O +manage O +the O +patient O +accordingly O +. O + +aps B-category +Chronic O +lesion O +of O +rostral O +ventrolateral O +medulla O +in O +spontaneously O +hypertensive O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +studied O +the O +effects O +of O +chronic O +selective O +neuronal O +lesion O +of O +rostral O +ventrolateral O +medulla O +on O +mean O +arterial O +pressure O +, O +heart O +rate O +, O +and O +neurogenic O +tone O +in O +conscious O +, O +unrestrained O +spontaneously O +hypertensive O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +lesions O +were O +placed O +via O +bilateral O +microinjections O +of O +30 O +nmol O +/ O +200 O +nl O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +restimulation O +of O +this O +area O +with O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +15 O +days O +postlesion O +failed O +to O +produce O +a O +pressor O +response O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +day O +postlesion O +, O +the O +resting O +mean O +arterial O +pressure O +was O +significantly O +decreased O +in O +lesioned O +rats O +when O +compared O +with O +sham O +rats O +( O +100 O ++ O +/ O +- O +7 O +versus O +173 O ++ O +/ O +- O +4 O +mm O +Hg O +, O +p O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Fifteen O +days O +later O +, O +the O +lesioned O +group O +still O +showed O +values O +significantly O +lower O +than O +the O +sham O +group O +( O +150 O ++ O +/ O +- O +6 O +versus O +167 O ++ O +/ O +- O +5 O +mm O +Hg O +, O +p O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +significant O +heart O +rate O +differences O +were O +observed O +between O +the O +sham O +and O +lesioned O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ganglionic O +blocker O +trimethaphan B-Chemical +( O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O +caused O +similar O +reductions O +in O +mean O +arterial O +pressure O +in O +both O +lesioned O +and O +sham O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +trimethaphan B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypotension O +was O +accompanied O +by O +a O +significant O +bradycardia O +in O +lesioned O +rats O +( O +- O +32 O ++ O +/ O +- O +13 O +beats O +per O +minute O +) O +but O +a O +tachycardia O +in O +sham O +rats O +( O ++ O +33 O ++ O +/ O +- O +12 O +beats O +per O +minute O +) O +1 O +day O +postlesion O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +rostral O +ventrolateral O +medulla O +neurons O +appear O +to O +play O +a O +significant O +role O +in O +maintaining O +hypertension O +in O +conscious O +spontaneously O +hypertensive O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Spinal O +or O +suprabulbar O +structures O +could O +be O +responsible O +for O +the O +gradual O +recovery O +of O +the O +hypertension O +in O +the O +lesioned O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +encephalopathy O +and O +cerebral O +vasospasm O +after O +multiagent O +chemotherapy O +including O +PEG B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +asparaginase I-Chemical +and O +intrathecal O +cytarabine B-Chemical +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +acute O +lymphoblastic O +leukemia O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +7 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +girl O +with O +an O +unusual O +reaction O +to O +induction O +chemotherapy O +for O +precursor O +B O +- O +cell O +acute O +lymphoblastic O +leukemia O +( O +ALL O +) O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +developed O +acute O +encephalopathy O +evidenced O +by O +behavioral O +changes O +, O +aphasia O +, O +incontinence O +, O +visual O +hallucinations O +, O +and O +right O +- O +sided O +weakness O +with O +diffuse O +cerebral O +vasospasm O +on O +magnetic O +resonance O +angiography O +after O +the O +administration O +of O +intrathecal O +cytarabine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Vincristine B-Chemical +, O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +, O +and O +polyethylene B-Chemical +glycol I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +asparaginase I-Chemical +were O +also O +administered O +before O +the O +episode O +as O +part O +of O +induction O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Neurologic O +status O +returned O +to O +baseline O +within O +10 O +days O +of O +the O +acute O +event O +, O +and O +magnetic O +resonance O +angiography O +findings O +returned O +to O +normal O +4 O +months O +later O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +valsartan B-Chemical +/ O +hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical +combination O +therapy O +at O +doses O +up O +to O +320 O +/ O +25 O +mg O +versus O +monotherapy O +: O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +, O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +study O +followed O +by O +long O +- O +term O +combination O +therapy O +in O +hypertensive O +adults O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +One O +third O +of O +patients O +treated O +for O +hypertension O +attain O +adequate O +blood O +pressure O +( O +BP O +) O +control O +, O +and O +multidrug O +regimens O +are O +often O +required O +. O + +aps B-category +Given O +the O +lifelong O +nature O +of O +hypertension O +, O +there O +is O +a O +need O +to O +evaluate O +the O +long O +- O +term O +efficacy O +and O +tolerability O +of O +higher O +doses O +of O +combination O +anti O +- O +hypertensive O +therapies O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +This O +study O +investigated O +the O +efficacy O +and O +tolerability O +of O +valsartan B-Chemical +( O +VAL B-Chemical +) O +or O +hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical +( O +HCTZ B-Chemical +) O +- O +monotherapy O +and O +higher O +- O +dose O +combinations O +in O +patients O +with O +essential O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +The O +first O +part O +of O +this O +study O +was O +an O +8 O +- O +week O +, O +multicenter O +, O +randomized O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +, O +placebo O +controlled O +, O +parallel O +- O +group O +trial O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +with O +essential O +hypertension O +( O +mean O +sitting O +diastolic O +BP O +[ O +MSDBP O +] O +, O +> O +or O += O +95 O +mm O +Hg O +and O +< O +110 O +mm O +Hg O +) O +were O +randomized O +to O +1 O +of O +8 O +treatment O +groups O +: O +VAL B-Chemical +160 O +or O +320 O +mg O +; O +HCTZ B-Chemical +12 O +. O +5 O +or O +25 O +mg O +; O +VAL B-Chemical +/ O +HCTZ B-Chemical +160 O +/ O +12 O +. O +5 O +, O +320 O +/ O +12 O +. O +5 O +, O +or O +320 O +/ O +25 O +mg O +; O +or O +placebo O +. O + +aps B-category +Mean O +changes O +in O +MSDBP O +and O +mean O +sitting O +systolic O +BP O +( O +MSSBP O +) O +were O +analyzed O +at O +the O +8 O +- O +week O +core O +study O +end O +point O +. O + +aps B-category +VAL B-Chemical +/ O +HCTZ B-Chemical +320 O +/ O +12 O +. O +5 O +and O +320 O +/ O +25 O +mg O +were O +further O +investigated O +in O +a O +54 O +- O +week O +, O +open O +- O +label O +extension O +. O + +aps B-category +Response O +was O +defined O +as O +MSDBP O +< O +90 O +mm O +Hg O +or O +a O +> O +or O += O +10 O +mm O +Hg O +decrease O +compared O +to O +baseline O +. O + +aps B-category +Control O +was O +defined O +as O +MSDBP O +< O +90 O +mm O +Hg O +compared O +with O +baseline O +. O + +aps B-category +Tolerability O +was O +assessed O +by O +monitoring O +adverse O +events O +at O +randomization O +and O +all O +subsequent O +study O +visits O +and O +regular O +evaluation O +of O +hematology O +and O +blood O +chemistry O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +A O +total O +of O +1346 O +patients O +were O +randomized O +into O +the O +8 O +- O +week O +core O +study O +( O +734 O +men O +, O +612 O +women O +; O +924 O +white O +, O +291 O +black O +, O +23 O +Asian O +, O +108 O +other O +; O +mean O +age O +, O +52 O +. O +7 O +years O +; O +mean O +weight O +, O +92 O +. O +6 O +kg O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +active O +treatments O +were O +associated O +with O +significantly O +reduced O +MSSBP O +and O +MSDBP O +during O +the O +core O +8 O +- O +week O +study O +, O +with O +each O +monotherapy O +significantly O +contributing O +to O +the O +overall O +effect O +of O +combination O +therapy O +( O +VAL B-Chemical +and O +HCTZ B-Chemical +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Each O +combination O +was O +associated O +with O +significantly O +greater O +reductions O +in O +MSSBP O +and O +MSDBP O +compared O +with O +the O +monotherapies O +and O +placebo O +( O +all O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +reduction O +in O +MSSBP O +/ O +MSDBP O +with O +VAL B-Chemical +/ O +HCTZ B-Chemical +320 O +/ O +25 O +mg O +was O +24 O +. O +7 O +/ O +16 O +. O +6 O +mm O +Hg O +, O +compared O +with O +5 O +. O +9 O +/ O +7 O +. O +0 O +mm O +Hg O +with O +placebo O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reduction O +in O +MSSBP O +was O +significantly O +greater O +with O +VAL B-Chemical +/ O +HCTZ B-Chemical +320 O +/ O +25 O +mg O +compared O +with O +VAL B-Chemical +/ O +HCTZ B-Chemical +160 O +/ O +12 O +. O +5 O +mg O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +002 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Rates O +of O +response O +and O +BP O +control O +were O +significantly O +higher O +in O +the O +groups O +that O +received O +combination O +treatment O +compared O +with O +those O +that O +received O +monotherapy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +hypokalemia O +was O +lower O +with O +VAL B-Chemical +/ O +HCTZ B-Chemical +combinations O +( O +1 O +. O +8 O +% O +- O +6 O +. O +1 O +% O +) O +than O +with O +HCTZ B-Chemical +monotherapies O +( O +7 O +. O +1 O +% O +- O +13 O +. O +3 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +majority O +of O +adverse O +events O +in O +the O +core O +study O +were O +of O +mild O +to O +moderate O +severity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +efficacy O +and O +tolerability O +of O +VAL B-Chemical +/ O +HCTZ B-Chemical +combinations O +were O +maintained O +during O +the O +extension O +( O +797 O +patients O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +In O +this O +study O +population O +, O +combination O +therapies O +with O +VAL B-Chemical +/ O +HCTZ B-Chemical +were O +associated O +with O +significantly O +greater O +BP O +reductions O +compared O +with O +either O +monotherapy O +, O +were O +well O +tolerated O +, O +and O +were O +associated O +with O +less O +hypokalemia O +than O +HCTZ B-Chemical +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +Succimer B-Chemical +chelation O +improves O +learning O +, O +attention O +, O +and O +arousal O +regulation O +in O +lead B-Chemical +- O +exposed O +rats O +but O +produces O +lasting O +cognitive O +impairment O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +lead B-Chemical +exposure O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +There O +is O +growing O +pressure O +for O +clinicians O +to O +prescribe O +chelation O +therapy O +at O +only O +slightly O +elevated O +blood O +lead B-Chemical +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +very O +few O +studies O +have O +evaluated O +whether O +chelation O +improves O +cognitive O +outcomes O +in O +Pb B-Chemical +- O +exposed O +children O +, O +or O +whether O +these O +agents O +have O +adverse O +effects O +that O +may O +affect O +brain O +development O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +Pb B-Chemical +exposure O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVES O +: O +The O +present O +study O +was O +designed O +to O +answer O +these O +questions O +, O +using O +a O +rodent O +model O +of O +early O +childhood O +Pb B-Chemical +exposure O +and O +treatment O +with O +succimer B-Chemical +, O +a O +widely O +used O +chelating O +agent O +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +Pb O +poisoning O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Pb B-Chemical +exposure O +produced O +lasting O +impairments O +in O +learning O +, O +attention O +, O +inhibitory O +control O +, O +and O +arousal O +regulation O +, O +paralleling O +the O +areas O +of O +dysfunction O +seen O +in O +Pb B-Chemical +- O +exposed O +children O +. O + +aps B-category +Succimer B-Chemical +treatment O +of O +the O +Pb B-Chemical +- O +exposed O +rats O +significantly O +improved O +learning O +, O +attention O +, O +and O +arousal O +regulation O +, O +although O +the O +efficacy O +of O +the O +treatment O +varied O +as O +a O +function O +of O +the O +Pb B-Chemical +exposure O +level O +and O +the O +specific O +functional O +deficit O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast O +, O +succimer B-Chemical +treatment O +of O +rats O +not O +previously O +exposed O +to O +Pb B-Chemical +produced O +lasting O +and O +pervasive O +cognitive O +and O +affective O +dysfunction O +comparable O +in O +magnitude O +to O +that O +produced O +by O +the O +higher O +Pb B-Chemical +exposure O +regimen O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +These O +are O +the O +first O +data O +, O +to O +our O +knowledge O +, O +to O +show O +that O +treatment O +with O +any O +chelating O +agent O +can O +alleviate O +cognitive O +deficits O +due O +to O +Pb B-Chemical +exposure O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +suggest O +that O +it O +may O +be O +possible O +to O +identify O +a O +succimer B-Chemical +treatment O +protocol O +that O +improves O +cognitive O +outcomes O +in O +Pb B-Chemical +- O +exposed O +children O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +they O +also O +suggest O +that O +succimer B-Chemical +treatment O +should O +be O +strongly O +discouraged O +for O +children O +who O +do O +not O +have O +elevated O +tissue O +levels O +of O +Pb B-Chemical +or O +other O +heavy O +metals O +. O + +aps B-category +Caffeine B-Chemical +challenge O +test O +in O +panic O +disorder O +and O +depression O +with O +panic O +attacks O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +aim O +was O +to O +observe O +if O +patients O +with O +panic O +disorder O +( O +PD O +) O +and O +patients O +with O +major O +depression O +with O +panic O +attacks O +( O +MDP O +) O +( O +Diagnostic O +and O +Statistical O +Manual O +of O +Mental O +Disorders O +, O +Fourth O +Edition O +criteria O +) O +respond O +in O +a O +similar O +way O +to O +the O +induction O +of O +panic O +attacks O +by O +an O +oral O +caffeine B-Chemical +challenge O +test O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +randomly O +selected O +29 O +patients O +with O +PD O +, O +27 O +with O +MDP O +, O +25 O +with O +major O +depression O +without O +panic O +attacks O +( O +MD O +) O +, O +and O +28 O +healthy O +volunteers O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patients O +had O +no O +psychotropic O +drug O +for O +at O +least O +a O +4 O +- O +week O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +randomized O +double O +- O +blind O +experiment O +performed O +in O +2 O +occasions O +7 O +days O +apart O +, O +480 O +mg O +caffeine B-Chemical +and O +a O +caffeine B-Chemical +- O +free O +( O +placebo O +) O +solution O +were O +administered O +in O +a O +coffee O +form O +and O +anxiety O +scales O +were O +applied O +before O +and O +after O +each O +test O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +total O +of O +58 O +. O +6 O +% O +( O +n O += O +17 O +) O +of O +patients O +with O +PD O +, O +44 O +. O +4 O +% O +( O +n O += O +12 O +) O +of O +patients O +with O +MDP O +, O +12 O +. O +0 O +% O +( O +n O += O +3 O +) O +of O +patients O +with O +MD O +, O +and O +7 O +. O +1 O +% O +( O +n O += O +2 O +) O +of O +control O +subjects O +had O +a O +panic O +attack O +after O +the O +480 O +- O +mg O +caffeine B-Chemical +challenge O +test O +( O +chi O +( O +2 O +) O +( O +3 O +) O += O +16 O +. O +22 O +, O +P O += O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patients O +with O +PD O +and O +MDP O +were O +more O +sensitive O +to O +caffeine B-Chemical +than O +were O +patients O +with O +MD O +and O +healthy O +volunteers O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +panic O +attack O +was O +observed O +after O +the O +caffeine B-Chemical +- O +free O +solution O +intake O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patients O +with O +MD O +had O +a O +lower O +heart O +rate O +response O +to O +the O +test O +than O +all O +the O +other O +groups O +( O +2 O +- O +way O +analysis O +of O +variance O +, O +group O +by O +time O +interaction O +with O +Greenhouse O +- O +Geisser O +correction O +: O +F O +( O +3 O +, O +762 O +) O += O +2 O +. O +85 O +, O +P O += O +. O +026 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +data O +suggest O +that O +there O +is O +an O +association O +between O +panic O +attacks O +, O +no O +matter O +if O +associated O +with O +PD O +or O +MDP O +, O +and O +hyperreactivity O +to O +an O +oral O +caffeine B-Chemical +challenge O +test O +. O + +aps B-category +Mitral O +annuloplasty O +as O +a O +ventricular O +restoration O +method O +for O +the O +failing O +left O +ventricle O +: O +a O +pilot O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +AND O +AIM O +OF O +THE O +STUDY O +: O +Undersized O +mitral O +annuloplasty O +( O +MAP O +) O +is O +effective O +in O +patients O +with O +dilated O +cardiomyopathy O +and O +functional O +mitral O +regurgitation O +( O +MR O +) O +since O +, O +as O +well O +as O +addressing O +the O +MR O +, O +the O +MAP O +may O +also O +reshape O +the O +dilated O +left O +ventricular O +( O +LV O +) O +base O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +direct O +benefits O +of O +this O +possible O +reshaping O +on O +LV O +function O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +underlying O +MR O +remain O +incompletely O +understood O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +study O +aim O +was O +to O +identify O +these O +benefits O +in O +a O +canine O +model O +of O +acute O +heart O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Six O +dogs O +underwent O +MAP O +with O +a O +prosthetic O +band O +on O +the O +posterior O +mitral O +annulus O +, O +using O +four O +mattress O +sutures O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +sutures O +were O +passed O +individually O +through O +four O +tourniquets O +and O +exteriorized O +untied O +via O +the O +left O +atriotomy O +. O + +aps B-category +Sonomicrometry O +crystals O +were O +implanted O +around O +the O +mitral O +annulus O +and O +left O +ventricle O +to O +measure O +geometry O +and O +regional O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +heart O +failure O +was O +induced O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +and O +volume O +loading O +after O +weaning O +from O +cardiopulmonary O +bypass O +; O +an O +absence O +of O +MR O +was O +confirmed O +by O +echocardiography O +. O + +aps B-category +MAP O +was O +accomplished O +by O +cinching O +the O +tourniquets O +. O + +aps B-category +Data O +were O +acquired O +at O +baseline O +, O +after O +induction O +of O +acute O +heart O +failure O +, O +and O +after O +MAP O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +MAP O +decreased O +mitral O +annular O +dimensions O +in O +both O +commissure O +- O +commissure O +and O +septal O +- O +lateral O +directions O +. O + +aps B-category +Concomitantly O +, O +the O +diastolic O +diameter O +of O +the O +LV O +base O +and O +LV O +sphericity O +decreased O +( O +i O +. O +e O +. O +, O +improved O +) O +from O +37 O +. O +4 O ++ O +/ O +- O +9 O +. O +3 O +to O +35 O +. O +9 O ++ O +/ O +- O +10 O +mm O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +063 O +) O +, O +and O +from O +67 O +. O +9 O ++ O +/ O +- O +18 O +. O +6 O +% O +to O +65 O +. O +3 O ++ O +/ O +- O +18 O +. O +9 O +% O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +016 O +) O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Decreases O +were O +evident O +in O +both O +LV O +end O +- O +diastolic O +pressure O +( O +from O +17 O ++ O +/ O +- O +7 O +to O +15 O ++ O +/ O +- O +6 O +mmHg O +, O +p O += O +0 O +. O +0480 O +and O +Tau O +( O +from O +48 O ++ O +/ O +- O +8 O +to O +45 O ++ O +/ O +- O +8 O +ms O +, O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +, O +while O +fractional O +shortening O +at O +the O +LV O +base O +increased O +from O +7 O +. O +7 O ++ O +/ O +- O +4 O +. O +5 O +% O +to O +9 O +. O +4 O ++ O +/ O +- O +4 O +. O +5 O +% O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +045 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +MAP O +, O +increases O +were O +identified O +in O +both O +cardiac O +output O +( O +from O +1 O +. O +54 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +57 O +to O +1 O +. O +65 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +57 O +1 O +/ O +min O +) O +and O +Emax O +( O +from O +1 O +. O +86 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +9 O +to O +2 O +. O +41 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +31 O +mmHg O +/ O +ml O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +The O +data O +acquired O +suggest O +that O +isolated O +MAP O +may O +have O +certain O +benefits O +on O +LV O +dimension O +/ O +function O +in O +acute O +heart O +failure O +, O +even O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +MR O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +further O +investigations O +are O +warranted O +in O +a O +model O +of O +chronic O +heart O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +Piperacillin B-Chemical +/ I-Chemical +tazobactam I-Chemical +- O +induced O +seizure O +rapidly O +reversed O +by O +high O +flux O +hemodialysis O +in O +a O +patient O +on O +peritoneal O +dialysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Despite O +popular O +use O +of O +piperacillin B-Chemical +, O +the O +dire O +neurotoxicity O +associated O +with O +piperacillin B-Chemical +still O +goes O +unrecognized O +, O +leading O +to O +a O +delay O +in O +appropriate O +management O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +a O +57 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +with O +end O +- O +stage O +renal O +disease O +receiving O +continuous O +ambulatory O +peritoneal O +dialysis O +( O +CAPD O +) O +, O +who O +developed O +slurred O +speech O +, O +tremor O +, O +bizarre O +behavior O +, O +progressive O +mental O +confusion O +, O +and O +2 O +episodes O +of O +generalized O +tonic O +- O +clonic O +seizure O +( O +GTCS O +) O +after O +5 O +doses O +of O +piperacillin B-Chemical +/ I-Chemical +tazobactam I-Chemical +( O +2 O +g O +/ O +250 O +mg O +) O +were O +given O +for O +bronchiectasis O +with O +secondary O +infection O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +laboratory O +data O +revealed O +normal O +plasma O +electrolyte O +and O +ammonia B-Chemical +levels O +but O +leukocytosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Neurologic O +examinations O +showed O +dysarthria O +and O +bilateral O +Babinski O +sign O +. O + +aps B-category +Computed O +tomography O +of O +brain O +and O +electroencephalogram O +were O +unremarkable O +. O + +aps B-category +Despite O +the O +use O +of O +antiepileptic O +agents O +, O +another O +GTCS O +episode O +recurred O +after O +the O +sixth O +dose O +of O +piperacillin B-Chemical +/ I-Chemical +tazobactam I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Brain O +magnetic O +resonance O +imaging O +did O +not O +demonstrate O +acute O +infarction O +and O +organic O +brain O +lesions O +. O + +aps B-category +Initiation O +of O +high O +- O +flux O +hemodialysis O +rapidly O +reversed O +the O +neurologic O +symptoms O +within O +4 O +hours O +. O + +aps B-category +Piperacillin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +encephalopathy O +should O +be O +considered O +in O +any O +uremic O +patients O +with O +unexplained O +neurological O +manifestations O +. O + +aps B-category +CAPD O +is O +inefficient O +in O +removing O +piperacillin B-Chemical +, O +whereas O +hemodialysis O +can O +rapidly O +terminate O +the O +piperacillin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +encephalopathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Frequency O +of O +transient O +ipsilateral O +vocal O +cord O +paralysis O +in O +patients O +undergoing O +carotid O +endarterectomy O +under O +local O +anesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Especially O +because O +of O +improvements O +in O +clinical O +neurologic O +monitoring O +, O +carotid O +endarterectomy O +done O +under O +local O +anesthesia O +has O +become O +the O +technique O +of O +choice O +in O +several O +centers O +. O + +aps B-category +Temporary O +ipsilateral O +vocal O +nerve O +palsies O +due O +to O +local O +anesthetics O +have O +been O +described O +, O +however O +. O + +aps B-category +Such O +complications O +are O +most O +important O +in O +situations O +where O +there O +is O +a O +pre O +- O +existing O +contralateral O +paralysis O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +therefore O +examined O +the O +effect O +of O +local O +anesthesia O +on O +vocal O +cord O +function O +to O +better O +understand O +its O +possible O +consequences O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +This O +prospective O +study O +included O +28 O +patients O +undergoing O +carotid O +endarterectomy O +under O +local O +anesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +Vocal O +cord O +function O +was O +evaluated O +before O +, O +during O +, O +and O +after O +surgery O +( O +postoperative O +day O +1 O +) O +using O +flexible O +laryngoscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +Anesthesia O +was O +performed O +by O +injecting O +20 O +to O +40 O +mL O +of O +a O +mixture O +of O +long O +- O +acting O +( O +ropivacaine B-Chemical +) O +and O +short O +- O +acting O +( O +prilocaine B-Chemical +) O +anesthetic O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +All O +patients O +had O +normal O +vocal O +cord O +function O +preoperatively O +. O + +aps B-category +Twelve O +patients O +( O +43 O +% O +) O +were O +found O +to O +have O +intraoperative O +ipsilateral O +vocal O +cord O +paralysis O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +resolved O +in O +all O +cases O +< O +or O += O +24 O +hours O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +were O +no O +significant O +differences O +in O +operating O +time O +or O +volume O +or O +frequency O +of O +anesthetic O +administration O +in O +patients O +with O +temporary O +vocal O +cord O +paralysis O +compared O +with O +those O +without O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Local O +anesthesia O +led O +to O +temporary O +ipsilateral O +vocal O +cord O +paralysis O +in O +almost O +half O +of O +these O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +pre O +- O +existing O +paralysis O +is O +of O +a O +relevant O +frequency O +( O +up O +to O +3 O +% O +) O +, O +a O +preoperative O +evaluation O +of O +vocal O +cord O +function O +before O +carotid O +endarterectomy O +under O +local O +anesthesia O +is O +recommended O +to O +avoid O +intraoperative O +bilateral O +paralysis O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +patients O +with O +preoperative O +contralateral O +vocal O +cord O +paralysis O +, O +surgery O +under O +general O +anesthesia O +should O +be O +considered O +. O + +aps B-category +Impaired O +fear O +recognition O +in O +regular O +recreational O +cocaine B-Chemical +users O +. O + +aps B-category +INTRODUCTION O +: O +The O +ability O +to O +read O +facial O +expressions O +is O +essential O +for O +normal O +human O +social O +interaction O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +the O +present O +study O +was O +to O +conduct O +the O +first O +investigation O +of O +facial O +expression O +recognition O +performance O +in O +recreational O +cocaine B-Chemical +users O +. O + +aps B-category +MATERIALS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +Three O +groups O +, O +comprised O +of O +21 O +cocaine B-Chemical +naive O +participants O +( O +CN O +) O +, O +30 O +occasional O +cocaine B-Chemical +( O +OC O +) O +, O +and O +48 O +regular O +recreational O +cocaine B-Chemical +( O +RC O +) O +users O +, O +were O +compared O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +emotional O +facial O +expression O +( O +EFE O +) O +task O +consisting O +of O +a O +male O +and O +female O +face O +expressing O +six O +basic O +emotions O +( O +happiness O +, O +surprise O +, O +sadness O +, O +anger O +, O +fear O +, O +and O +disgust O +) O +was O +administered O +. O + +aps B-category +Mean O +percent O +accuracy O +and O +latencies O +for O +correct O +responses O +across O +eight O +presentations O +of O +each O +basic O +emotion O +were O +derived O +. O + +aps B-category +Participants O +were O +also O +assessed O +with O +the O +" O +Eyes O +task O +" O +to O +investigate O +their O +ability O +to O +recognize O +more O +complex O +emotional O +states O +and O +the O +Symptom O +CheckList O +- O +90 O +- O +Revised O +to O +measure O +psychopathology O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +There O +were O +no O +group O +differences O +in O +psychopathology O +or O +" O +eyes O +task O +" O +performance O +, O +but O +the O +RC O +group O +, O +who O +otherwise O +had O +similar O +illicit O +substance O +use O +histories O +to O +the O +OC O +group O +, O +exhibited O +impaired O +fear O +recognition O +accuracy O +compared O +to O +the O +OC O +and O +CN O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +RC O +group O +also O +correctly O +identified O +anger O +, O +fear O +, O +happiness O +, O +and O +surprise O +, O +more O +slowly O +than O +CN O +, O +but O +not O +OC O +participants O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +OC O +group O +was O +slower O +than O +CN O +when O +correctly O +identifying O +disgust O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +selective O +deficit O +in O +fear O +recognition O +accuracy O +manifested O +by O +the O +RC O +group O +cannot O +be O +explained O +by O +the O +subacute O +effects O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +, O +or O +ecstasy B-Chemical +, O +because O +recent O +and O +less O +recent O +users O +of O +these O +drugs O +within O +this O +group O +were O +similarly O +impaired O +. O + +aps B-category +Possible O +parallels O +between O +RC O +users O +and O +psychopaths O +with O +respect O +to O +impaired O +fear O +recognition O +, O +amygdala O +dysfunction O +, O +and O +etiology O +are O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Damage O +of O +substantia O +nigra O +pars O +reticulata O +during O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +status O +epilepticus O +in O +the O +rat O +: O +immunohistochemical O +study O +of O +neurons O +, O +astrocytes O +and O +serum O +- O +protein O +extravasation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +substantia O +nigra O +has O +a O +gating O +function O +controlling O +the O +spread O +of O +epileptic O +seizure O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Additionally O +, O +in O +models O +of O +prolonged O +status O +epilepticus O +the O +pars O +reticulata O +of O +substantia O +nigra O +( O +SNR O +) O +suffers O +from O +a O +massive O +lesion O +which O +may O +arise O +from O +a O +massive O +metabolic O +derangement O +and O +hyperexcitation O +developing O +in O +the O +activated O +SNR O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +study O +, O +status O +epilepticus O +was O +induced O +by O +systemic O +injection O +of O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +neuropathology O +of O +SNR O +was O +investigated O +using O +immunohistochemical O +techniques O +with O +the O +major O +emphasis O +on O +the O +time O +- O +course O +of O +changes O +in O +neurons O +and O +astrocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +Animals O +surviving O +20 O +, O +30 O +, O +40 O +, O +60 O +min O +, O +2 O +, O +3 O +, O +6 O +hours O +, O +1 O +, O +2 O +, O +and O +3 O +days O +after O +induction O +of O +status O +epilepticus O +were O +perfusion O +- O +fixed O +, O +and O +brains O +processed O +for O +immunohistochemical O +staining O +of O +SNR O +. O + +aps B-category +Nissl O +- O +staining O +and O +antibodies O +against O +the O +neuron O +- O +specific O +calcium B-Chemical +- O +binding O +protein O +, O +parvalbumin O +, O +served O +to O +detect O +neuronal O +damage O +in O +SNR O +. O + +aps B-category +Antibodies O +against O +the O +astroglia O +- O +specific O +cytoskeletal O +protein O +, O +glial O +fibrillary O +acidic O +protein O +( O +GFAP O +) O +, O +and O +against O +the O +glial O +calcium B-Chemical +- O +binding O +protein O +, O +S O +- O +100 O +protein O +, O +were O +used O +to O +assess O +the O +status O +of O +astrocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +Immunohistochemical O +staining O +for O +serum O +- O +albumin O +and O +immunoglobulins O +in O +brain O +tissue O +was O +taken O +as O +indicator O +of O +blood O +- O +brain O +barrier O +disturbances O +and O +vasogenic O +edema O +formation O +. O + +aps B-category +Immunohistochemical O +staining O +indicated O +loss O +of O +GFAP O +- O +staining O +already O +at O +30 O +min O +after O +induction O +of O +seizures O +in O +an O +oval O +focus O +situated O +in O +the O +center O +of O +SNR O +while O +sparing O +medial O +and O +lateral O +aspects O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +1 O +h O +there O +was O +additional O +vacuolation O +in O +S O +- O +100 O +protein O +staining O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +2 O +hours O +, O +parvalbumin O +- O +staining O +changed O +in O +the O +central O +SNR O +indicating O +neuronal O +damage O +, O +and O +Nissl O +- O +staining O +visualized O +some O +neuronal O +distortion O +. O + +aps B-category +Staining O +for O +serum O +- O +proteins O +occurred O +in O +a O +patchy O +manner O +throughout O +the O +forebrain O +during O +the O +first O +hours O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +6 O +h O +, O +vasogenic O +edema O +covered O +the O +lesioned O +SNR O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +24 O +h O +, O +glial O +and O +neuronal O +markers O +indicated O +a O +massive O +lesion O +in O +the O +center O +of O +SNR O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +48 O +- O +72 O +h O +, O +astrocytes O +surrounding O +the O +lesion O +increased O +in O +size O +, O +and O +polymorphic O +phagocytotic O +cells O +invaded O +the O +damaged O +area O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +further O +group O +of O +animals O +surviving O +1 O +to O +5 O +days O +, O +conventional O +paraffin O +- O +sections O +confirmed O +the O +neuronal O +and O +glial O +damage O +of O +SNR O +. O + +aps B-category +Additional O +pathology O +of O +similar O +quality O +was O +found O +in O +the O +globus O +pallidus O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +astrocytes O +were O +always O +damaged O +in O +parallel O +with O +neurons O +in O +SNR O +it O +is O +proposed O +that O +the O +anatomical O +and O +functional O +interrelationship O +between O +neurons O +and O +astrocytes O +is O +particularly O +tight O +in O +SNR O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +cell O +elements O +may O +suffer O +in O +common O +from O +metabolic O +disturbance O +and O +neurotransmitter O +dysfunction O +as O +occur O +during O +massive O +status O +epilepticus O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuroprotective O +effects O +of O +melatonin B-Chemical +upon O +the O +offspring O +cerebellar O +cortex O +in O +the O +rat O +model O +of O +BCNU B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cortical O +dysplasia O +. O + +aps B-category +Cortical O +dysplasia O +is O +a O +malformation O +characterized O +by O +defects O +in O +proliferation O +, O +migration O +and O +maturation O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +was O +designed O +to O +evaluate O +the O +alterations O +in O +offspring O +rat O +cerebellum O +induced O +by O +maternal O +exposure O +to O +carmustine B-Chemical +- O +[ O +1 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bis I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +chloroethyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nitrosoure I-Chemical +] O +( O +BCNU B-Chemical +) O +and O +to O +investigate O +the O +effects O +of O +exogenous O +melatonin B-Chemical +upon O +cerebellar O +BCNU B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cortical O +dysplasia O +, O +using O +histological O +and O +biochemical O +analyses O +. O + +aps B-category +Pregnant O +Wistar O +rats O +were O +assigned O +to O +five O +groups O +: O +intact O +- O +control O +, O +saline O +- O +control O +, O +melatonin B-Chemical +- O +treated O +, O +BCNU B-Chemical +- O +exposed O +and O +BCNU B-Chemical +- O +exposed O +plus O +melatonin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Rats O +were O +exposed O +to O +BCNU B-Chemical +on O +embryonic O +day O +15 O +and O +melatonin B-Chemical +was O +given O +until O +delivery O +. O + +aps B-category +Immuno O +/ O +histochemistry O +and O +electron O +microscopy O +were O +carried O +out O +on O +the O +offspring O +cerebellum O +, O +and O +levels O +of O +malondialdehyde B-Chemical +and O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +were O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +Histopathologically O +, O +typical O +findings O +were O +observed O +in O +the O +cerebella O +from O +the O +control O +groups O +, O +but O +the O +findings O +consistent O +with O +early O +embryonic O +development O +were O +noted O +in O +BCNU B-Chemical +- O +exposed O +cortical O +dysplasia O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +a O +marked O +increase O +in O +the O +number O +of O +TUNEL O +positive O +cells O +and O +nestin O +positive O +cells O +in O +BCNU B-Chemical +- O +exposed O +group O +, O +but O +a O +decreased O +immunoreactivity O +to O +glial O +fibrillary O +acidic O +protein O +, O +synaptophysin O +and O +transforming O +growth O +factor O +beta1 O +was O +observed O +, O +indicating O +a O +delayed O +maturation O +, O +and O +melatonin B-Chemical +significantly O +reversed O +these O +changes O +. O + +aps B-category +Malondialdehyde B-Chemical +level O +in O +BCNU B-Chemical +- O +exposed O +group O +was O +higher O +than O +those O +in O +control O +groups O +and O +melatonin B-Chemical +decreased O +malondialdehyde B-Chemical +levels O +in O +BCNU B-Chemical +group O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +, O +while O +there O +were O +no O +significant O +differences O +in O +the O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +levels O +between O +these O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +suggest O +that O +exposure O +of O +animals O +to O +BCNU B-Chemical +during O +pregnancy O +leads O +to O +delayed O +maturation O +of O +offspring O +cerebellum O +and O +melatonin B-Chemical +protects O +the O +cerebellum O +against O +the O +effects O +of O +BCNU B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Reduced O +cardiotoxicity O +of O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +given O +in O +the O +form O +of O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxypropyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +methacrylamide I-Chemical +conjugates O +: O +and O +experimental O +study O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +rat O +model O +was O +used O +to O +evaluate O +the O +general O +acute O +toxicity O +and O +the O +late O +cardiotoxicity O +of O +4 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +( O +DOX B-Chemical +) O +given O +either O +as O +free O +drug O +or O +in O +the O +form O +of O +three O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxypropyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +methacrylamide I-Chemical +( O +HPMA B-Chemical +) O +copolymer O +conjugates O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +these O +HPMA B-Chemical +copolymers O +, O +DOX B-Chemical +was O +covalently O +bound O +via O +peptide O +linkages O +that O +were O +either O +non O +- O +biodegradable O +( O +Gly O +- O +Gly O +) O +or O +degradable O +by O +lysosomal O +proteinases O +( O +Gly B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Phe I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Leu I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Gly I-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +one O +biodegradable O +conjugate O +containing O +galactosamine B-Chemical +was O +used O +; O +this O +residue O +was O +targeted O +to O +the O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +Over O +the O +first O +3 O +weeks O +after O +the O +i O +. O +v O +. O +administration O +of O +free O +and O +polymer O +- O +bound O +DOX B-Chemical +, O +all O +animals O +showed O +a O +transient O +reduction O +in O +body O +weight O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +maximal O +reduction O +in O +body O +weight O +seen O +in O +animals O +that O +received O +polymer O +- O +bound O +DOX B-Chemical +( O +4 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +was O +significantly O +lower O +than O +that O +observed O +in O +those O +that O +received O +free O +DOX B-Chemical +( O +4 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +or O +a O +mixture O +of O +the O +unmodified O +parent O +HPMA B-Chemical +copolymer O +and O +free O +DOX B-Chemical +( O +4 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +; O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Throughout O +the O +study O +( O +20 O +weeks O +) O +, O +deaths O +related O +to O +cardiotoxicity O +were O +observed O +only O +in O +animals O +that O +received O +either O +free O +DOX B-Chemical +or O +the O +mixture O +of O +HPMA B-Chemical +copolymer O +and O +free O +DOX B-Chemical +; O +in O +these O +cases O +, O +histological O +investigations O +revealed O +marked O +changes O +in O +the O +heart O +that O +were O +consistent O +with O +DOX B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Sequential O +measurements O +of O +cardiac O +output O +in O +surviving O +animals O +that O +received O +either O +free O +DOX B-Chemical +or O +the O +mixture O +of O +HPMA B-Chemical +copolymer O +and O +free O +DOX B-Chemical +showed O +a O +reduction O +of O +approximately O +30 O +% O +in O +function O +beginning O +at O +the O +4th O +week O +after O +drug O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +heart O +rate O +in O +these O +animals O +was O +approximately O +12 O +% O +lower O +than O +that O +measured O +in O +age O +- O +matched O +control O +rats O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Animals O +that O +were O +given O +the O +HPMA B-Chemical +copolymer O +conjugates O +containing O +DOX B-Chemical +exhibited O +no O +significant O +change O +in O +cardiac O +output O +throughout O +the O +study O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +no O +significant O +histological O +change O +was O +observed O +in O +the O +heart O +of O +animals O +that O +received O +DOX B-Chemical +in O +the O +form O +of O +HPMA B-Chemical +copolymer O +conjugates O +and O +were O +killed O +at O +the O +end O +of O +the O +study O +. 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O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Four O +patients O +with O +corneal O +ulcers O +associated O +with O +crack B-Chemical +cocaine I-Chemical +use O +were O +reviewed O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +corneal O +ulcers O +were O +cultured O +, O +and O +the O +patients O +were O +admitted O +to O +the O +hospital O +for O +intensive O +topical O +antibiotic O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Each O +patient O +received O +comprehensive O +health O +care O +, O +including O +medical O +and O +substance O +abuse O +consultations O +. O + +aps B-category +Streptococcal O +organisms O +were O +found O +in O +3 O +cases O +and O +Capnocytophaga O +and O +Brevibacterium O +casei O +in O +1 O +patient O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +infections O +responded O +to O +antibiotic O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +patients O +needed O +a O +lateral O +tarsorrhaphy O +for O +persistent O +epithelial O +defects O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Aerosolized O +crack B-Chemical +cocaine I-Chemical +use O +can O +be O +associated O +with O +the O +development O +of O +corneal O +ulcers O +. O + +aps B-category +Drug O +abuse O +provides O +additional O +challenges O +for O +management O +. O + +aps B-category +Not O +only O +treatment O +of O +their O +infections O +but O +also O +the O +overall O +poor O +health O +of O +the O +patients O +and O +increased O +risk O +of O +noncompliance O +need O +to O +be O +addressed O +. O + +aps B-category +Comprehensive O +care O +may O +provide O +the O +patient O +the O +opportunity O +to O +discontinue O +their O +substance O +abuse O +, O +improve O +their O +overall O +health O +, O +and O +prevent O +future O +corneal O +complications O +. O + +aps B-category +Topical O +0 O +. O +025 O +% O +capsaicin B-Chemical +in O +chronic O +post O +- O +herpetic O +neuralgia O +: O +efficacy O +, O +predictors O +of O +response O +and O +long O +- O +term O +course O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +order O +to O +evaluate O +the O +efficacy O +, O +time O +- O +course O +of O +action O +and O +predictors O +of O +response O +to O +topical O +capsaicin B-Chemical +, O +39 O +patients O +with O +chronic O +post O +- O +herpetic O +neuralgia O +( O +PHN O +) O +, O +median O +duration O +24 O +months O +, O +were O +treated O +with O +0 O +. O +025 O +% O +capsaicin B-Chemical +cream O +for O +8 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +therapy O +the O +patients O +rated O +their O +pain O +on O +a O +visual O +analogue O +scale O +( O +VAS O +) O +and O +a O +verbal O +outcome O +scale O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +follow O +- O +up O +investigation O +was O +performed O +10 O +- O +12 O +months O +after O +study O +onset O +on O +the O +patients O +who O +had O +improved O +. O + +aps B-category +Nineteen O +patients O +( O +48 O +. O +7 O +% O +) O +substantially O +improved O +after O +the O +8 O +- O +week O +trial O +; O +5 O +( O +12 O +. O +8 O +% O +) O +discontinued O +therapy O +due O +to O +side O +- O +effects O +such O +as O +intolerable O +capsaicin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +burning O +sensations O +( O +4 O +) O +or O +mastitis O +( O +1 O +) O +; O +15 O +( O +38 O +. O +5 O +% O +) O +reported O +no O +benefit O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +decrease O +in O +VAS O +ratings O +was O +significant O +after O +2 O +weeks O +of O +continuous O +application O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +the O +responders O +72 O +. O +2 O +% O +were O +still O +improved O +at O +the O +follow O +- O +up O +; O +only O +one O +- O +third O +of O +them O +had O +continued O +application O +irregularly O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +effect O +was O +not O +dependent O +on O +patient O +' O +s O +age O +, O +duration O +or O +localization O +of O +PHN O +( O +trigeminal O +involvement O +was O +excluded O +) O +, O +sensory O +disturbance O +or O +pain O +character O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +response O +was O +not O +correlated O +with O +the O +incidence O +, O +time O +- O +course O +or O +severity O +of O +capsaicin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +burning O +. O + +aps B-category +If O +confirmed O +in O +controlled O +trials O +, O +the O +long O +- O +term O +results O +of O +this O +open O +, O +non O +- O +randomized O +study O +might O +indicate O +that O +the O +analgesic O +effect O +of O +capsaicin B-Chemical +in O +PHN O +is O +mediated O +by O +both O +interference O +with O +neuropeptide O +metabolism O +and O +morphological O +changes O +( O +perhaps O +degeneration O +) O +of O +nociceptive O +afferents O +. O + +aps B-category +Myo B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +inositol I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +( O +MIP B-Chemical +) O +synthase O +inhibition O +: O +in O +- O +vivo O +study O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Lithium B-Chemical +and O +valproate B-Chemical +are O +the O +prototypic O +mood O +stabilizers O +and O +have O +diverse O +structures O +and O +targets O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +drugs O +influence O +inositol B-Chemical +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +Lithium B-Chemical +inhibits O +IMPase O +and O +valproate B-Chemical +inhibits O +MIP B-Chemical +synthase O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +shows O +that O +MIP B-Chemical +synthase O +inhibition O +does O +not O +replicate O +or O +augment O +the O +effects O +of O +lithium B-Chemical +in O +the O +inositol B-Chemical +sensitive O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +seizures O +model O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +lack O +of O +effects O +may O +stem O +from O +the O +low O +contribution O +of O +de O +- O +novo O +synthesis O +to O +cellular O +inositol B-Chemical +supply O +or O +to O +the O +inhibition O +of O +the O +de O +- O +novo O +synthesis O +by O +lithium B-Chemical +itself O +. O + +aps B-category +Non O +- O +steroidal O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +drugs O +- O +associated O +acute O +interstitial O +nephritis O +with O +granular O +tubular O +basement O +membrane O +deposits O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +tubulo O +- O +interstitial O +nephritis O +( O +ATIN O +) O +is O +an O +important O +cause O +of O +acute O +renal O +failure O +resulting O +from O +a O +variety O +of O +insults O +, O +including O +immune O +complex O +- O +mediated O +tubulo O +- O +interstitial O +injury O +, O +but O +drugs O +such O +as O +non O +- O +steroidal O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +drugs O +( O +NSAIDs O +) O +are O +a O +far O +more O +frequent O +cause O +. O + +aps B-category +Overall O +, O +as O +an O +entity O +, O +ATIN O +remains O +under O +- O +diagnosed O +, O +as O +symptoms O +resolve O +spontaneously O +if O +the O +medication O +is O +stopped O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +on O +a O +14 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +boy O +who O +developed O +acute O +renal O +failure O +2 O +weeks O +after O +aortic O +valve O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +He O +was O +put O +on O +aspirin B-Chemical +following O +surgery O +and O +took O +ibuprofen B-Chemical +for O +fever O +for O +nearly O +a O +week O +prior O +to O +presentation O +. O + +aps B-category +He O +then O +presented O +to O +the O +emergency O +department O +feeling O +quite O +ill O +and O +was O +found O +to O +have O +a O +blood B-Chemical +urea I-Chemical +nitrogen I-Chemical +( O +BUN B-Chemical +) O +concentration O +of O +of O +147 O +mg O +/ O +dl O +, O +creatinine B-Chemical +of O +15 O +. O +3 O +mg O +/ O +dl O +and O +serum O +potassium B-Chemical +of O +8 O +. O +7 O +mEq O +/ O +l O +. O + +aps B-category +Dialysis O +was O +immediately O +initiated O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +kidney O +biopsy O +showed O +inflammatory O +infiltrate O +consistent O +with O +ATIN O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +in O +the O +tubular O +basement O +membrane O +( O +TBM O +) O +, O +very O +intense O +granular O +deposits O +of O +polyclonal O +IgG O +and O +C3 O +were O +noted O +. O + +aps B-category +He O +needed O +dialysis O +for O +2 O +weeks O +and O +was O +treated O +successfully O +with O +steroids B-Chemical +for O +6 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +His O +renal O +recovery O +and O +disappearance O +of O +proteinuria O +took O +a O +year O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +conclusion O +, O +this O +is O +a O +first O +report O +of O +NSAIDs O +- O +associated O +ATIN O +, O +showing O +deposits O +of O +granular O +immune O +complex O +present O +only O +in O +the O +TBM O +and O +not O +in O +the O +glomeruli O +. O + +aps B-category +Rifampicin B-Chemical +- O +associated O +segmental O +necrotizing O +glomerulonephritis O +in O +staphylococcal O +endocarditis O +. O + +aps B-category +Segmental O +necrotising O +glomerulonephritis O +has O +been O +reported O +as O +complication O +of O +rifampicin B-Chemical +therapy O +in O +patients O +receiving O +treatment O +for O +tuberculosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Changing O +epidemiology O +of O +infections O +such O +as O +infective O +endocarditis O +( O +IE O +) O +has O +led O +to O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +use O +of O +rifampicin B-Chemical +for O +Staphylococcal O +infections O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +a O +case O +of O +a O +patient O +with O +Staphylococcal O +IE O +who O +developed O +acute O +renal O +failure O +secondary O +to O +a O +segmental O +necrotising O +glomerulonephritis O +while O +being O +treated O +with O +rifampicin B-Chemical +, O +and O +review O +the O +literature O +regarding O +this O +complication O +of O +rifampicin B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Rate O +of O +YMDD O +motif O +mutants O +in O +lamivudine B-Chemical +- O +untreated O +Iranian O +patients O +with O +chronic O +hepatitis O +B O +virus O +infection O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Lamivudine B-Chemical +is O +used O +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +chronic O +hepatitis O +B O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Recent O +studies O +show O +that O +the O +YMDD O +motif O +mutants O +( O +resistant O +hepatitis O +B O +virus O +) O +occur O +as O +natural O +genome O +variability O +in O +lamivudine B-Chemical +- O +untreated O +chronic O +hepatitis O +B O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +study O +we O +aimed O +to O +determine O +the O +rate O +of O +YMDD O +motif O +mutants O +in O +lamivudine B-Chemical +- O +untreated O +chronic O +hepatitis O +B O +patients O +in O +Iran O +. O + +aps B-category +PATIENTS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +A O +total O +of O +77 O +chronic O +hepatitis O +B O +patients O +who O +had O +not O +been O +treated O +with O +lamivudine B-Chemical +were O +included O +in O +the O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +samples O +from O +patients O +were O +tested O +by O +polymerase O +chain O +reaction O +- O +restriction O +fragment O +length O +polymorphism O +( O +PCR O +- O +RFLP O +) O +for O +detection O +of O +YMDD O +motif O +mutants O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +patients O +were O +also O +tested O +for O +liver O +enzymes O +, O +anti O +- O +HCV O +, O +HBeAg B-Chemical +, O +and O +anti O +- O +HBe O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Of O +the O +77 O +patients O +enrolled O +in O +the O +study O +, O +73 O +% O +were O +male O +and O +27 O +% O +were O +female O +. O + +aps B-category +Mean O +ALT O +and O +AST O +levels O +were O +124 O +. O +4 O ++ O +/ O +- O +73 O +. O +4 O +and O +103 O +. O +1 O ++ O +/ O +- O +81 O +IU O +/ O +l O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +HBeAg B-Chemical +was O +positive O +in O +40 O +% O +and O +anti O +- O +HBe O +in O +60 O +% O +of O +the O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Anti O +- O +HCV O +was O +negative O +in O +all O +of O +them O +. O + +aps B-category +YMDD O +motif O +mutants O +were O +not O +detected O +in O +any O +of O +the O +patients O +despite O +the O +liver O +enzyme O +levels O +and O +the O +presence O +of O +HBeAg B-Chemical +or O +anti O +- O +HBe O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Although O +the O +natural O +occurrence O +of O +YMDD O +motif O +mutants O +in O +lamivudine B-Chemical +- O +untreated O +patients O +with O +chronic O +hepatitis O +B O +has O +been O +reported O +, O +these O +mutants O +were O +not O +detected O +in O +Iranian O +lamivudine B-Chemical +- O +untreated O +chronic O +hepatitis O +B O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Branch O +retinal O +vein O +occlusion O +and O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +case O +of O +branch O +retinal O +vein O +occlusion O +associated O +with O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +secondary O +hypertension O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +an O +infrequent O +complication O +of O +selective O +serotonin B-Chemical +reuptake O +inhibitor O +therapy O +, O +it O +is O +important O +that O +ophthalmologists O +are O +aware O +that O +these O +agents O +can O +cause O +hypertension O +because O +this O +class O +of O +drugs O +is O +widely O +prescribed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +differential O +effects O +of O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +and O +lidocaine B-Chemical +on O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E2 I-Chemical +release O +, O +cyclooxygenase O +gene O +expression O +and O +pain O +in O +a O +clinical O +pain O +model O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +In O +addition O +to O +blocking O +nociceptive O +input O +from O +surgical O +sites O +, O +long O +- O +acting O +local O +anesthetics O +might O +directly O +modulate O +inflammation O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +present O +study O +, O +we O +describe O +the O +proinflammatory O +effects O +of O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +on O +local O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E2 I-Chemical +( O +PGE2 B-Chemical +) O +production O +and O +cyclooxygenase O +( O +COX O +) O +gene O +expression O +that O +increases O +postoperative O +pain O +in O +human O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Subjects O +( O +n O += O +114 O +) O +undergoing O +extraction O +of O +impacted O +third O +molars O +received O +either O +2 O +% O +lidocaine B-Chemical +or O +0 O +. O +5 O +% O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +before O +surgery O +and O +either O +rofecoxib B-Chemical +50 O +mg O +or O +placebo O +orally O +90 O +min O +before O +surgery O +and O +for O +the O +following O +48 O +h O +. O + +aps B-category +Oral O +mucosal O +biopsies O +were O +taken O +before O +surgery O +and O +48 O +h O +after O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +extraction O +, O +a O +microdialysis O +probe O +was O +placed O +at O +the O +surgical O +site O +for O +PGE2 B-Chemical +and O +thromboxane B-Chemical +B2 I-Chemical +( O +TXB2 B-Chemical +) O +measurements O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +/ O +rofecoxib B-Chemical +group O +reported O +significantly O +less O +pain O +, O +as O +assessed O +by O +a O +visual O +analog O +scale O +, O +compared O +with O +the O +other O +three O +treatment O +groups O +over O +the O +first O +4 O +h O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +/ O +placebo O +group O +reported O +significantly O +more O +pain O +at O +24 O +h O +and O +PGE2 B-Chemical +levels O +during O +the O +first O +4 O +h O +were O +significantly O +higher O +than O +the O +other O +three O +treatment O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Moreover O +, O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +significantly O +increased O +COX O +- O +2 O +gene O +expression O +at O +48 O +h O +as O +compared O +with O +the O +lidocaine B-Chemical +/ O +placebo O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +Thromboxane B-Chemical +levels O +were O +not O +significantly O +affected O +by O +any O +of O +the O +treatments O +, O +indicating O +that O +the O +effects O +seen O +were O +attributable O +to O +inhibition O +of O +COX O +- O +2 O +, O +but O +not O +COX O +- O +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +stimulates O +COX O +- O +2 O +gene O +expression O +after O +tissue O +injury O +, O +which O +is O +associated O +with O +higher O +PGE2 B-Chemical +production O +and O +pain O +after O +the O +local O +anesthetic O +effect O +dissipates O +. O + +aps B-category +p75NTR O +expression O +in O +rat O +urinary O +bladder O +sensory O +neurons O +and O +spinal O +cord O +with O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cystitis O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +role O +for O +nerve O +growth O +factor O +( O +NGF O +) O +in O +contributing O +to O +increased O +voiding O +frequency O +and O +altered O +sensation O +from O +the O +urinary O +bladder O +has O +been O +suggested O +. O + +aps B-category +Previous O +studies O +have O +examined O +the O +expression O +and O +regulation O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +kinase O +receptors O +( O +Trks O +) O +in O +micturition O +reflexes O +with O +urinary O +bladder O +inflammation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +studies O +examine O +the O +expression O +and O +regulation O +of O +another O +receptor O +known O +to O +bind O +NGF O +, O +p75 O +( O +NTR O +) O +, O +after O +various O +durations O +of O +bladder O +inflammation O +induced O +by O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +( O +CYP B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CYP B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cystitis O +increased O +( O +P O +< O +or O += O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +p75 O +( O +NTR O +) O +expression O +in O +the O +superficial O +lateral O +and O +medial O +dorsal O +horn O +in O +L1 O +- O +L2 O +and O +L6 O +- O +S1 O +spinal O +segments O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +number O +of O +p75 O +( O +NTR O +) O +- O +immunoreactive O +( O +- O +IR O +) O +cells O +in O +the O +lumbosacral O +dorsal O +root O +ganglia O +( O +DRG O +) O +also O +increased O +( O +P O +< O +or O += O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +with O +CYP B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cystitis O +( O +acute O +, O +intermediate O +, O +and O +chronic O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Quantitative O +, O +real O +- O +time O +polymerase O +chain O +reaction O +also O +demonstrated O +significant O +increases O +( O +P O +< O +or O += O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +in O +p75 O +( O +NTR O +) O +mRNA O +in O +DRG O +with O +intermediate O +and O +chronic O +CYP B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cystitis O +. O + +aps B-category +Retrograde O +dye O +- O +tracing O +techniques O +with O +Fastblue O +were O +used O +to O +identify O +presumptive O +bladder O +afferent O +cells O +in O +the O +lumbosacral O +DRG O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +bladder O +afferent O +cells O +in O +DRG O +, O +p75 O +( O +NTR O +) O +- O +IR O +was O +also O +increased O +( O +P O +< O +or O += O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +with O +cystitis O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +to O +increases O +in O +p75 O +( O +NTR O +) O +- O +IR O +in O +DRG O +cell O +bodies O +, O +increases O +( O +P O +< O +or O += O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +in O +pericellular O +( O +encircling O +DRG O +cells O +) O +p75 O +( O +NTR O +) O +- O +IR O +in O +DRG O +also O +increased O +. O + +aps B-category +Confocal O +analyses O +demonstrated O +that O +pericellular O +p75 O +( O +NTR O +) O +- O +IR O +was O +not O +colocalized O +with O +the O +glial O +marker O +, O +glial O +fibrillary O +acidic O +protein O +( O +GFAP O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +studies O +demonstrate O +that O +p75 O +( O +NTR O +) O +expression O +in O +micturition O +reflexes O +is O +present O +constitutively O +and O +modified O +by O +bladder O +inflammation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +functional O +significance O +of O +p75 O +( O +NTR O +) O +expression O +in O +micturition O +reflexes O +remains O +to O +be O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +Azathioprine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +suicidal O +erythrocyte O +death O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Azathioprine B-Chemical +is O +widely O +used O +as O +an O +immunosuppressive O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +side O +effects O +of O +azathioprine B-Chemical +include O +anemia O +, O +which O +has O +been O +attributed O +to O +bone O +marrow O +suppression O +. O + +aps B-category +Alternatively O +, O +anemia O +could O +result O +from O +accelerated O +suicidal O +erythrocyte O +death O +or O +eryptosis O +, O +which O +is O +characterized O +by O +exposure O +of O +phosphatidylserine B-Chemical +( O +PS B-Chemical +) O +at O +the O +erythrocyte O +surface O +and O +by O +cell O +shrinkage O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +The O +present O +experiments O +explored O +whether O +azathioprine B-Chemical +influences O +eryptosis O +. O + +aps B-category +According O +to O +annexin O +V O +binding O +, O +erythrocytes O +from O +patients O +indeed O +showed O +a O +significant O +increase O +of O +PS B-Chemical +exposure O +within O +1 O +week O +of O +treatment O +with O +azathioprine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +second O +series O +, O +cytosolic O +Ca2 B-Chemical ++ O +activity O +( O +Fluo3 B-Chemical +fluorescence O +) O +, O +cell O +volume O +( O +forward O +scatter O +) O +, O +and O +PS B-Chemical +- O +exposure O +( O +annexin O +V O +binding O +) O +were O +determined O +by O +FACS O +analysis O +in O +erythrocytes O +from O +healthy O +volunteers O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Exposure O +to O +azathioprine B-Chemical +( O +> O +or O += O +2 O +microg O +/ O +mL O +) O +for O +48 O +hours O +increased O +cytosolic O +Ca2 B-Chemical ++ O +activity O +and O +annexin O +V O +binding O +and O +decreased O +forward O +scatter O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +azathioprine B-Chemical +on O +both O +annexin O +V O +binding O +and O +forward O +scatter O +was O +significantly O +blunted O +in O +the O +nominal O +absence O +of O +extracellular O +Ca2 B-Chemical ++ O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Azathioprine B-Chemical +triggers O +suicidal O +erythrocyte O +death O +, O +an O +effect O +presumably O +contributing O +to O +azathioprine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +anemia O +. O + +aps B-category +Levetiracetam B-Chemical +as O +an O +adjunct O +to O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +treatment O +in O +cats O +with O +suspected O +idiopathic O +epilepsy O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +assess O +pharmacokinetics O +, O +efficacy O +, O +and O +tolerability O +of O +oral O +levetiracetam B-Chemical +administered O +as O +an O +adjunct O +to O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +treatment O +in O +cats O +with O +poorly O +controlled O +suspected O +idiopathic O +epilepsy O +. O + +aps B-category +DESIGN O +- O +Open O +- O +label O +, O +noncomparative O +clinical O +trial O +. O + +aps B-category +ANIMALS O +: O +12 O +cats O +suspected O +to O +have O +idiopathic O +epilepsy O +that O +was O +poorly O +controlled O +with O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +or O +that O +had O +unacceptable O +adverse O +effects O +when O +treated O +with O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +PROCEDURES O +: O +Cats O +were O +treated O +with O +levetiracetam B-Chemical +( O +20 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +[ O +9 O +. O +1 O +mg O +/ O +lb O +] O +, O +PO O +, O +q O +8 O +h O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +a O +minimum O +of O +1 O +week O +of O +treatment O +, O +serum O +levetiracetam B-Chemical +concentrations O +were O +measured O +before O +and O +2 O +, O +4 O +, O +and O +6 O +hours O +after O +drug O +administration O +, O +and O +maximum O +and O +minimum O +serum O +concentrations O +and O +elimination O +half O +- O +life O +were O +calculated O +. O + +aps B-category +Seizure O +frequencies O +before O +and O +after O +initiation O +of O +levetiracetam B-Chemical +treatment O +were O +compared O +, O +and O +adverse O +effects O +were O +recorded O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Median O +maximum O +serum O +levetiracetam B-Chemical +concentration O +was O +25 O +. O +5 O +microg O +/ O +mL O +, O +median O +minimum O +serum O +levetiracetam B-Chemical +concentration O +was O +8 O +. O +3 O +microg O +/ O +mL O +, O +and O +median O +elimination O +half O +- O +life O +was O +2 O +. O +9 O +hours O +. O + +aps B-category +Median O +seizure O +frequency O +prior O +to O +treatment O +with O +levetiracetam B-Chemical +( O +2 O +. O +1 O +seizures O +/ O +mo O +) O +was O +significantly O +higher O +than O +median O +seizure O +frequency O +after O +initiation O +of O +levetiracetam B-Chemical +treatment O +( O +0 O +. O +42 O +seizures O +/ O +mo O +) O +, O +and O +7 O +of O +10 O +cats O +were O +classified O +as O +having O +responded O +to O +levetiracetam B-Chemical +treatment O +( O +ie O +, O +reduction O +in O +seizure O +frequency O +of O +> O +or O += O +50 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +cats O +had O +transient O +lethargy O +and O +inappetence O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +AND O +CLINICAL O +RELEVANCE O +: O +Results O +suggested O +that O +levetiracetam B-Chemical +is O +well O +tolerated O +in O +cats O +and O +may O +be O +useful O +as O +an O +adjunct O +to O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +treatment O +in O +cats O +with O +idiopathic O +epilepsy O +. O + +aps B-category +Serotonin B-Chemical +reuptake O +inhibitors O +, O +paranoia O +, O +and O +the O +ventral O +basal O +ganglia O +. O + +aps B-category +Antidepressants O +have O +previously O +been O +associated O +with O +paranoid O +reactions O +in O +psychiatric O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +cases O +of O +paranoid O +exacerbation O +with O +the O +serotonin B-Chemical +reuptake O +inhibitors O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +and O +amitriptyline B-Chemical +are O +reported O +here O +. O + +aps B-category +Elements O +common O +to O +these O +cases O +included O +a O +history O +of O +paranoid O +symptomatology O +and O +the O +concomitant O +occurrence O +of O +depressive O +and O +psychotic O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +Complicated O +depressive O +disorders O +( O +including O +atypicality O +of O +course O +and O +symptomatology O +, O +chronicity O +, O +psychosis O +, O +bipolarity O +, O +and O +secondary O +onset O +in O +the O +course O +of O +a O +primary O +psychosis O +) O +may O +present O +particular O +vulnerability O +to O +paranoid O +exacerbations O +associated O +with O +serotonin B-Chemical +reuptake O +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +the O +pharmacology O +and O +neurobiology O +of O +paranoia O +remain O +cryptic O +, O +several O +mechanisms O +, O +including O +5HT3 O +receptor O +- O +mediated O +dopamine B-Chemical +release O +, O +beta O +- O +noradrenergic O +receptor O +downregulation O +, O +or O +GABAB O +receptor O +upregulation O +acting O +in O +the O +vicinity O +of O +the O +ventral O +basal O +ganglia O +( O +possibly O +in O +lateral O +orbitofrontal O +or O +anterior O +cingulate O +circuits O +) O +, O +might O +apply O +to O +this O +phenomenon O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +cases O +call O +attention O +to O +possible O +paranoid O +exacerbations O +with O +serotonin B-Chemical +reuptake O +blockers O +in O +select O +patients O +and O +raise O +neurobiological O +considerations O +regarding O +paranoia O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +comparison O +of O +cardiorespiratory O +effects O +during O +unilateral O +and O +conventional O +spinal O +anaesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Spinal O +anaesthesia O +is O +widely O +employed O +in O +clinical O +practice O +but O +has O +the O +main O +drawback O +of O +post O +- O +spinal O +block O +hypotension O +. O + +aps B-category +Efforts O +must O +therefore O +continue O +to O +be O +made O +to O +obviate O +this O +setback O +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +evaluate O +the O +cardiovascular O +and O +respiratory O +changes O +during O +unilateral O +and O +conventional O +spinal O +anaesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +With O +ethical O +approval O +, O +we O +studied O +74 O +American O +Society O +of O +Anesthesiologists O +( O +ASA O +) O +, O +physical O +status O +class O +1 O +and O +2 O +patients O +scheduled O +for O +elective O +unilateral O +lower O +limb O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +were O +randomly O +allocated O +into O +one O +of O +two O +groups O +: O +lateral O +and O +conventional O +spinal O +anaesthesia O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +lateral O +position O +with O +operative O +side O +down O +, O +patients O +recived O +10 O +mg O +( O +2mls O +) O +of O +0 O +. O +5 O +% O +hyperbaric O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +through O +a O +25 O +- O +gauge O +spinal O +needle O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +in O +the O +unilateral O +group O +were O +maintained O +in O +the O +lateral O +position O +for O +15 O +minutes O +following O +spinal O +injection O +while O +those O +in O +the O +conventional O +group O +were O +turned O +supine O +immediately O +after O +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +Blood O +pressure O +, O +heart O +rate O +, O +respiratory O +rate O +and O +oxygen B-Chemical +saturation O +were O +monitored O +over O +1 O +hour O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Three O +patients O +( O +8 O +. O +1 O +% O +) O +in O +the O +unilateral O +group O +and O +5 O +( O +13 O +. O +5 O +% O +) O +in O +the O +conventional O +group O +developed O +hypotension O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +71 O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +( O +10 O +. O +8 O +% O +) O +patients O +in O +the O +conventional O +group O +and O +1 O +( O +2 O +. O +7 O +% O +) O +in O +the O +unilateral O +group O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +17 O +required O +epinephrine B-Chemical +infusion O +to O +treat O +hypotension O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +in O +the O +conventional O +group O +had O +statistically O +significant O +greater O +fall O +in O +the O +systolic O +blood O +pressures O +at O +15 O +, O +30 O +and O +45 O +minutes O +when O +compared O +to O +the O +baseline O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +003 O +, O +0 O +. O +001 O +and O +0 O +. O +004 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +respiratory O +rate O +and O +oxygen B-Chemical +saturations O +in O +the O +two O +groups O +were O +similar O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Compared O +to O +conventional O +spinal O +anaesthesia O +, O +unilateral O +spinal O +anaesthesia O +was O +associated O +with O +fewer O +cardiovascular O +perturbations O +. O + +aps B-category +Also O +, O +the O +type O +of O +spinal O +block O +instituted O +affected O +neither O +the O +respiratory O +rate O +nor O +the O +arterial O +oxygen B-Chemical +saturation O +. O + +aps B-category +Spectrum O +of O +adverse O +events O +after O +generic O +HAART O +in O +southern O +Indian O +HIV O +- O +infected O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +determine O +the O +incidence O +of O +clinically O +significant O +adverse O +events O +after O +long O +- O +term O +, O +fixed O +- O +dose O +, O +generic O +highly O +active O +antiretroviral O +therapy O +( O +HAART O +) O +use O +among O +HIV O +- O +infected O +individuals O +in O +South O +India O +, O +we O +examined O +the O +experiences O +of O +3154 O +HIV O +- O +infected O +individuals O +who O +received O +a O +minimum O +of O +3 O +months O +of O +generic O +HAART O +between O +February O +1996 O +and O +December O +2006 O +at O +a O +tertiary O +HIV O +care O +referral O +center O +in O +South O +India O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +common O +regimens O +were O +3TC B-Chemical ++ O +d4T B-Chemical ++ O +nevirapine B-Chemical +( O +NVP B-Chemical +) O +( O +54 O +. O +8 O +% O +) O +, O +zidovudine B-Chemical +( O +AZT B-Chemical +) O ++ O +3TC B-Chemical ++ O +NVP B-Chemical +( O +14 O +. O +5 O +% O +) O +, O +3TC B-Chemical ++ O +d4T B-Chemical ++ O +efavirenz B-Chemical +( O +EFV B-Chemical +) O +( O +20 O +. O +1 O +% O +) O +, O +and O +AZT B-Chemical ++ O +3TC B-Chemical ++ O +EFV B-Chemical +( O +5 O +. O +4 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +common O +adverse O +events O +and O +median O +CD4 O +at O +time O +of O +event O +were O +rash O +( O +15 O +. O +2 O +% O +; O +CD4 O +, O +285 O +cells O +/ O +microL O +) O +and O +peripheral O +neuropathy O +( O +9 O +. O +0 O +% O +and O +348 O +cells O +/ O +microL O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinically O +significant O +anemia O +( O +hemoglobin O +< O +7 O +g O +/ O +dL O +) O +was O +observed O +in O +5 O +. O +4 O +% O +of O +patients O +( O +CD4 O +, O +165 O +cells O +/ O +microL O +) O +and O +hepatitis O +( O +clinical O +jaundice O +with O +alanine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +> O +5 O +times O +upper O +limits O +of O +normal O +) O +in O +3 O +. O +5 O +% O +of O +patients O +( O +CD4 O +, O +260 O +cells O +/ O +microL O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Women O +were O +significantly O +more O +likely O +to O +experience O +lactic O +acidosis O +, O +while O +men O +were O +significantly O +more O +likely O +to O +experience O +immune O +reconstitution O +syndrome O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +the O +patients O +with O +1 O +year O +of O +follow O +- O +up O +, O +NVP B-Chemical +therapy O +was O +significantly O +associated O +with O +developing O +rash O +and O +d4T B-Chemical +therapy O +with O +developing O +peripheral O +neuropathy O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Anemia O +and O +hepatitis O +often O +occur O +within O +12 O +weeks O +of O +initiating O +generic O +HAART O +. O + +aps B-category +Frequent O +and O +early O +monitoring O +for O +these O +toxicities O +is O +warranted O +in O +developing O +countries O +where O +generic O +HAART O +is O +increasingly O +available O +. O + +aps B-category +Thalidomide B-Chemical +and O +sensory O +neurotoxicity O +: O +a O +neurophysiological O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Recent O +studies O +confirmed O +a O +high O +incidence O +of O +sensory O +axonal O +neuropathy O +in O +patients O +treated O +with O +different O +doses O +of O +thalidomide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +study O +' O +s O +aims O +were O +to O +measure O +variations O +in O +sural O +nerve O +sensory O +action O +potential O +( O +SAP O +) O +amplitude O +in O +patients O +with O +refractory O +cutaneous O +lupus O +erythematosus O +( O +CLE O +) O +treated O +with O +thalidomide B-Chemical +and O +use O +these O +findings O +to O +identify O +the O +neurotoxic O +potential O +of O +thalidomide B-Chemical +and O +the O +recovery O +capacity O +of O +sensory O +fibres O +after O +discontinuation O +of O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +PATIENTS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +Clinical O +and O +electrophysiological O +data O +in O +12 O +female O +patients O +with O +CLE O +during O +treatment O +with O +thalidomide B-Chemical +and O +up O +to O +47 O +months O +after O +discontinuation O +of O +treatment O +were O +analysed O +. O + +aps B-category +Sural O +nerve O +SAP O +amplitude O +reduction O +> O +or O += O +40 O +% O +was O +the O +criteria O +for O +discontinuing O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +During O +treatment O +, O +11 O +patients O +showed O +a O +reduction O +in O +sural O +nerve O +SAP O +amplitude O +compared O +to O +baseline O +values O +( O +9 O +with O +a O +reduction O +> O +or O += O +50 O +% O +and O +2 O +< O +50 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +patient O +showed O +no O +changes O +in O +SAP O +amplitude O +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +patients O +complained O +of O +paresthesias O +and O +leg O +cramps O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +thalidomide B-Chemical +treatment O +, O +sural O +SAP O +amplitude O +recovered O +in O +3 O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +detection O +of O +reduction O +in O +sural O +nerve O +SAP O +amplitude O +, O +the O +median O +thalidomide B-Chemical +cumulative O +dose O +was O +21 O +. O +4 O +g O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +threshold O +neurotoxic O +dosage O +is O +lower O +than O +previously O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Sural O +nerve O +SAP O +amplitude O +reduction O +is O +a O +reliable O +and O +sensitive O +marker O +of O +degeneration O +and O +recovery O +of O +sensory O +fibres O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +electrophysiological O +parameter O +provides O +information O +about O +subclinical O +neurotoxic O +potential O +of O +thalidomide B-Chemical +but O +is O +not O +helpful O +in O +predicting O +the O +appearance O +of O +sensory O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +cases O +of O +encephalitis O +during O +treatment O +of O +loiasis O +with O +diethylcarbamazine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +cases O +of O +encephalitis O +following O +treatment O +with O +diethylcarbamazine B-Chemical +( O +DEC B-Chemical +) O +were O +observed O +in O +Congolese O +patients O +with O +Loa O +loa O +filariasis O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +cases O +had O +a O +fatal O +outcome O +and O +one O +resulted O +in O +severe O +sequelae O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +notable O +fact O +was O +that O +this O +complication O +occurred O +in O +three O +patients O +hospitalized O +before O +treatment O +began O +, O +with O +whom O +particularly O +strict O +therapeutic O +precautions O +were O +taken O +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O +, O +initial O +dose O +less O +than O +10 O +mg O +of O +DEC B-Chemical +, O +very O +gradual O +dose O +increases O +, O +and O +associated O +anti O +- O +allergic O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +type O +of O +drug O +- O +induced O +complication O +may O +not O +be O +that O +uncommon O +in O +highly O +endemic O +regions O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +occurs O +primarily O +, O +but O +not O +exclusively O +, O +in O +subjects O +presenting O +with O +a O +high O +microfilarial O +load O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relationship O +between O +the O +occurrence O +of O +encephalitis O +and O +the O +decrease O +in O +microfilaremia O +is O +evident O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pathophysiological O +mechanisms O +are O +discussed O +in O +the O +light O +of O +these O +observations O +and O +the O +few O +other O +comments O +on O +this O +subject O +published O +in O +the O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +Amiodarone B-Chemical +- O +related O +pulmonary O +mass O +and O +unique O +membranous O +glomerulonephritis O +in O +a O +patient O +with O +valvular O +heart O +disease O +: O +Diagnostic O +pitfall O +and O +new O +findings O +. O + +aps B-category +Amiodarone B-Chemical +is O +an O +anti O +- O +arrhythmic O +drug O +for O +life O +- O +threatening O +tachycardia O +, O +but O +various O +adverse O +effects O +have O +been O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +Reported O +herein O +is O +an O +autopsy O +case O +of O +valvular O +heart O +disease O +, O +in O +a O +patient O +who O +developed O +a O +lung O +mass O +( O +1 O +. O +5 O +cm O +in O +diameter O +) O +and O +proteinuria O +( O +2 O +. O +76 O +g O +/ O +day O +) O +after O +treatment O +with O +amiodarone B-Chemical +for O +a O +long O +time O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +lung O +mass O +was O +highly O +suspected O +to O +be O +lung O +cancer O +on O +CT O +and O +positron O +emission O +tomography O +, O +but O +histologically O +the O +lesion O +was O +composed O +of O +lymphoplasmacytic O +infiltrates O +in O +alveolar O +walls O +and O +intra O +- O +alveolar O +accumulation O +of O +foamy O +macrophages O +containing O +characteristic O +myelinoid O +bodies O +, O +indicating O +that O +it O +was O +an O +amiodarone B-Chemical +- O +related O +lesion O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +the O +lung O +tissue O +had O +unevenly O +distributed O +hemosiderin O +deposition O +, O +and O +abnormally O +tortuous O +capillaries O +were O +seen O +in O +the O +mass O +and O +in O +heavily O +hemosiderotic O +lung O +portions O +outside O +the O +mass O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +kidneys O +, O +glomeruli O +had O +membrane O +spikes O +, O +prominent O +swelling O +of O +podocytes O +and O +subepithelial O +deposits O +, O +which O +were O +sometimes O +large O +and O +hump O +- O +like O +. O + +aps B-category +Autoimmune O +diseases O +, O +viral O +hepatitis O +, O +malignant O +neoplasms O +or O +other O +diseases O +with O +a O +known O +relationship O +to O +membranous O +glomerulonephritis O +were O +not O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +case O +highlights O +the O +possibility O +that O +differential O +diagnosis O +between O +an O +amiodarone B-Chemical +- O +related O +pulmonary O +lesion O +and O +a O +neoplasm O +can O +be O +very O +difficult O +radiologically O +, O +and O +suggests O +that O +membranous O +glomerulonephritis O +might O +be O +another O +possible O +complication O +of O +amiodarone B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Risk O +of O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +associated O +with O +initial O +sulphonylurea B-Chemical +treatment O +of O +patients O +with O +type O +2 O +diabetes O +: O +a O +matched O +case O +- O +control O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +AIMS O +: O +This O +study O +sought O +to O +assess O +the O +risk O +of O +developing O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +( O +CAD O +) O +associated O +with O +initial O +treatment O +of O +type O +2 O +diabetes O +with O +different O +sulphonylureas B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +In O +type O +2 O +diabetic O +patients O +, O +cases O +who O +developed O +CAD O +were O +compared O +retrospectively O +with O +controls O +that O +did O +not O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +20 O +- O +year O +risk O +of O +CAD O +at O +diagnosis O +of O +diabetes O +, O +using O +the O +UKPDS O +risk O +engine O +, O +was O +used O +to O +match O +cases O +with O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +76 O +cases O +of O +CAD O +were O +compared O +with O +152 O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hazard O +of O +developing O +CAD O +( O +95 O +% O +CI O +) O +associated O +with O +initial O +treatment O +increased O +by O +2 O +. O +4 O +- O +fold O +( O +1 O +. O +3 O +- O +4 O +. O +3 O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +004 O +) O +with O +glibenclamide B-Chemical +; O +2 O +- O +fold O +( O +0 O +. O +9 O +- O +4 O +. O +6 O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +099 O +) O +with O +glipizide B-Chemical +; O +2 O +. O +9 O +- O +fold O +( O +1 O +. O +6 O +- O +5 O +. O +1 O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +000 O +) O +with O +either O +, O +and O +was O +unchanged O +with O +metformin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hazard O +decreased O +0 O +. O +3 O +- O +fold O +( O +0 O +. O +7 O +- O +1 O +. O +7 O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +385 O +) O +with O +glimepiride B-Chemical +, O +0 O +. O +4 O +- O +fold O +( O +0 O +. O +7 O +- O +1 O +. O +3 O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +192 O +) O +with O +gliclazide B-Chemical +, O +and O +0 O +. O +4 O +- O +fold O +( O +0 O +. O +7 O +- O +1 O +. O +1 O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +09 O +) O +with O +either O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Initiating O +treatment O +of O +type O +2 O +diabetes O +with O +glibenclamide B-Chemical +or O +glipizide B-Chemical +is O +associated O +with O +increased O +risk O +of O +CAD O +in O +comparison O +to O +gliclazide B-Chemical +or O +glimepiride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +If O +confirmed O +, O +this O +may O +be O +important O +because O +most O +Indian O +patients O +receive O +the O +cheaper O +older O +sulphonylureas B-Chemical +, O +and O +present O +guidelines O +do O +not O +distinguish O +between O +individual O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduced O +progression O +of O +adriamycin B-Chemical +nephropathy O +in O +spontaneously O +hypertensive O +rats O +treated O +by O +losartan B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +The O +aim O +of O +the O +study O +was O +to O +investigate O +the O +antihypertensive O +effects O +of O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +type O +- O +1 O +receptor O +blocker O +, O +losartan B-Chemical +, O +and O +its O +potential O +in O +slowing O +down O +renal O +disease O +progression O +in O +spontaneously O +hypertensive O +rats O +( O +SHR O +) O +with O +adriamycin B-Chemical +( O +ADR B-Chemical +) O +nephropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Six O +- O +month O +- O +old O +female O +SHR O +were O +randomly O +selected O +in O +six O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +control O +groups O +( O +SH O +( O +6 O +) O +, O +SH O +( O +12 O +) O +) O +received O +vehicle O +. O + +aps B-category +Groups O +ADR B-Chemical +( O +6 O +) O +, O +ADR B-Chemical ++ O +LOS B-Chemical +( O +6 O +) O +and O +ADR B-Chemical +( O +12 O +) O +, O +and O +ADR B-Chemical ++ O +LOS B-Chemical +( O +12 O +) O +received O +ADR B-Chemical +( O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +/ O +b O +. O +w O +. O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O +twice O +in O +a O +3 O +- O +week O +interval O +. O + +aps B-category +Group O +ADR B-Chemical ++ O +LOS B-Chemical +( O +6 O +) O +received O +losartan B-Chemical +( O +10 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +/ O +b O +. O +w O +. O +/ O +day O +by O +gavages O +) O +for O +6 O +weeks O +and O +group O +ADR B-Chemical ++ O +LOS B-Chemical +( O +12 O +) O +for O +12 O +weeks O +after O +second O +injection O +of O +ADR B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Animals O +were O +killed O +after O +6 O +or O +12 O +weeks O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Haemodynamic O +measurements O +were O +performed O +on O +anaesthetized O +animals O +, O +blood O +and O +urine O +samples O +were O +taken O +for O +biochemical O +analysis O +and O +the O +left O +kidney O +was O +processed O +for O +morphological O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Short O +- O +term O +losartan B-Chemical +treatment O +, O +besides O +antihypertensive O +effect O +, O +improved O +glomerular O +filtration O +rate O +and O +ameliorated O +glomerulosclerosis O +resulting O +in O +decreased O +proteinuria O +. O + +aps B-category +Prolonged O +treatment O +with O +losartan B-Chemical +showed O +further O +reduction O +of O +glomerulosclerosis O +associated O +with O +reduced O +progression O +of O +tubular O +atrophy O +and O +interstitial O +fibrosis O +, O +thus O +preventing O +heavy O +proteinuria O +and O +chronic O +renal O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +Losartan B-Chemical +reduced O +uraemia O +and O +increased O +urea B-Chemical +clearance O +in O +advanced O +ADR B-Chemical +nephropathy O +in O +SHR O +. O + +aps B-category +Histological O +examination O +showed O +that O +losartan B-Chemical +could O +prevent O +tubular O +atrophy O +, O +interstitial O +infiltration O +and O +fibrosis O +in O +ADR B-Chemical +nephropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Losartan B-Chemical +reduces O +the O +rate O +of O +progression O +of O +ADR B-Chemical +- O +induced O +focal O +segmental O +glomerulosclerosis O +to O +end O +- O +stage O +renal O +disease O +in O +SHR O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +risks O +of O +aprotinin O +and O +tranexamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +in O +cardiac O +surgery O +: O +a O +one O +- O +year O +follow O +- O +up O +of O +1188 O +consecutive O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Our O +aim O +was O +to O +investigate O +postoperative O +complications O +and O +mortality O +after O +administration O +of O +aprotinin O +compared O +to O +tranexamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +in O +an O +unselected O +, O +consecutive O +cohort O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Perioperative O +data O +from O +consecutive O +cardiac O +surgery O +patients O +were O +prospectively O +collected O +between O +September O +2005 O +and O +June O +2006 O +in O +a O +university O +- O +affiliated O +clinic O +( O +n O += O +1188 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +the O +first O +5 O +mo O +, O +596 O +patients O +received O +aprotinin O +( O +Group O +A O +) O +; O +in O +the O +next O +5 O +mo O +, O +592 O +patients O +were O +treated O +with O +tranexamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +Group O +T O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Except O +for O +antifibrinolytic O +therapy O +, O +the O +anesthetic O +and O +surgical O +protocols O +remained O +unchanged O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +pre O +- O +and O +intraoperative O +variables O +were O +comparable O +between O +the O +treatment O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Postoperatively O +, O +a O +significantly O +higher O +incidence O +of O +seizures O +was O +found O +in O +Group O +T O +( O +4 O +. O +6 O +% O +vs O +1 O +. O +2 O +% O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +difference O +was O +also O +significant O +in O +the O +primary O +valve O +surgery O +and O +the O +high O +risk O +surgery O +subgroups O +( O +7 O +. O +9 O +% O +vs O +1 O +. O +2 O +% O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +003 O +; O +7 O +. O +3 O +% O +vs O +2 O +. O +4 O +% O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +035 O +, O +respectively O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Persistent O +atrial O +fibrillation O +( O +7 O +. O +9 O +% O +vs O +2 O +. O +3 O +% O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +020 O +) O +and O +renal O +failure O +( O +9 O +. O +7 O +% O +vs O +1 O +. O +7 O +% O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +002 O +) O +were O +also O +more O +common O +in O +Group O +T O +, O +in O +the O +primary O +valve O +surgery O +subgroup O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +contrary O +, O +among O +primary O +coronary O +artery O +bypass O +surgery O +patients O +, O +there O +were O +more O +acute O +myocardial O +infarctions O +and O +renal O +dysfunction O +in O +Group O +A O +( O +5 O +. O +8 O +% O +vs O +2 O +. O +0 O +% O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +027 O +; O +22 O +. O +5 O +% O +vs O +15 O +. O +2 O +% O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +036 O +, O +respectively O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +1 O +- O +yr O +mortality O +was O +significantly O +higher O +after O +aprotinin O +treatment O +in O +the O +high O +risk O +surgery O +group O +( O +17 O +. O +7 O +% O +vs O +9 O +. O +8 O +% O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +034 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Both O +antifibrinolytic O +drugs O +bear O +the O +risk O +of O +adverse O +outcome O +depending O +on O +the O +type O +of O +cardiac O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +aprotinin O +should O +be O +avoided O +in O +coronary O +artery O +bypass O +graft O +and O +high O +risk O +patients O +, O +whereas O +administration O +of O +tranexamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +is O +not O +recommended O +in O +valve O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +Delirium O +in O +an O +elderly O +woman O +possibly O +associated O +with O +administration O +of O +misoprostol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Misoprostol B-Chemical +has O +been O +associated O +with O +adverse O +reactions O +, O +including O +gastrointestinal O +symptoms O +, O +gynecologic O +problems O +, O +and O +headache O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +mental O +status O +, O +however O +, O +have O +not O +been O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +present O +a O +case O +in O +which O +an O +89 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +in O +a O +long O +- O +term O +care O +facility O +became O +confused O +after O +the O +initiation O +of O +misoprostol B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +' O +s O +change O +in O +mental O +status O +was O +first O +reported O +nine O +days O +after O +the O +initiation O +of O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Her O +delirium O +significantly O +improved O +after O +misoprostol B-Chemical +was O +discontinued O +and O +her O +mental O +status O +returned O +to O +normal O +within O +a O +week O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +no O +other O +factors O +related O +to O +this O +patient O +changed O +significantly O +, O +the O +delirium O +experienced O +by O +this O +patient O +possibly O +resulted O +from O +misoprostol B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +biological O +properties O +of O +the O +optical O +isomers O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +and O +their O +effects O +on O +cardiac O +arrhythmias O +. O + +aps B-category +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +optical O +isomers O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +have O +been O +compared O +for O +their O +beta O +- O +blocking O +and O +antiarrhythmic O +activities O +. O +2 O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +blocking O +the O +positive O +inotropic O +and O +chronotropic O +responses O +to O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +, O +( O ++ O +) O +- O +propranolol B-Chemical +had O +less O +than O +one O +hundredth O +the O +potency O +of O +( O +- O +) O +- O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +At O +dose O +levels O +of O +( O ++ O +) O +- O +propranolol B-Chemical +which O +attenuated O +the O +responses O +to O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +, O +there O +was O +a O +significant O +prolongation O +of O +the O +PR O +interval O +of O +the O +electrocardiogram O +. O +3 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +metabolic O +responses O +to O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +in O +dogs O +( O +an O +increase O +in O +circulating O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +lactate B-Chemical +and O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +) O +were O +all O +blocked O +by O +( O +- O +) O +- O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +( O ++ O +) O +- O +Propranolol B-Chemical +had O +no O +effect O +on O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +mobilization O +but O +significantly O +reduced O +the O +increments O +in O +both O +lactate B-Chemical +and O +glucose B-Chemical +. O +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +isomers O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +possessed O +similar O +depressant O +potency O +on O +isolated O +atrial O +muscle O +taken O +from O +guinea O +- O +pigs O +. O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +isomers O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +exhibited O +similar O +local O +anaesthetic O +potencies O +on O +an O +isolated O +frog O +nerve O +preparation O +at O +a O +level O +approximately O +three O +times O +that O +of O +procaine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +racemic O +compound O +was O +significantly O +less O +potent O +than O +either O +isomer O +. O +6 O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +isomers O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +were O +capable O +of O +preventing O +adrenaline B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiac O +arrhythmias O +in O +cats O +anaesthetized O +with O +halothane B-Chemical +, O +but O +the O +mean O +dose O +of O +( O +- O +) O +- O +propranolol B-Chemical +was O +0 O +. O +09 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +02 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +whereas O +that O +of O +( O ++ O +) O +- O +propranolol B-Chemical +was O +4 O +. O +2 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +the O +effective O +dose O +level O +of O +( O ++ O +) O +- O +propranolol B-Chemical +there O +was O +a O +significant O +prolongation O +of O +the O +PR O +interval O +of O +the O +electrocardiogram O +. O + +aps B-category +Blockade O +of O +arrhythmias O +with O +both O +isomers O +was O +surmountable O +by O +increasing O +the O +dose O +of O +adrenaline B-Chemical +. O +7 O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +isomers O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +were O +also O +capable O +of O +reversing O +ventricular O +tachycardia O +caused O +by O +ouabain B-Chemical +in O +anaesthetized O +cats O +and O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dose O +of O +( O +- O +) O +- O +propranolol B-Chemical +was O +significantly O +smaller O +than O +that O +of O +( O ++ O +) O +- O +propranolol B-Chemical +in O +both O +species O +but O +much O +higher O +than O +that O +required O +to O +produce O +evidence O +of O +beta O +- O +blockade O +. O +8 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +implications O +of O +these O +results O +are O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Topotecan B-Chemical +in O +combination O +with O +radiotherapy O +in O +unresectable O +glioblastoma O +: O +a O +phase O +2 O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +Improving O +glioblastoma O +multiforme O +( O +GBM O +) O +treatment O +with O +radio O +- O +chemotherapy O +remains O +a O +challenge O +. O + +aps B-category +Topotecan B-Chemical +is O +an O +attractive O +option O +as O +it O +exhibits O +growth O +inhibition O +of O +human O +glioma O +as O +well O +as O +brain O +penetration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +study O +assessed O +the O +combination O +of O +radiotherapy O +( O +60 O +Gy O +/ O +30 O +fractions O +/ O +40 O +days O +) O +and O +topotecan B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +9 O +mg O +/ O +m O +( O +2 O +) O +/ O +day O +on O +days O +1 O +- O +5 O +on O +weeks O +1 O +, O +3 O +and O +5 O +) O +in O +50 O +adults O +with O +histologically O +proven O +and O +untreated O +GBM O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +non O +- O +hematological O +toxicities O +was O +low O +and O +grade O +3 O +- O +4 O +hematological O +toxicities O +were O +reported O +in O +20 O +patients O +( O +mainly O +lymphopenia O +and O +neutropenia O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Partial O +response O +and O +stabilization O +rates O +were O +2 O +% O +and O +32 O +% O +, O +respectively O +, O +with O +an O +overall O +time O +to O +progression O +of O +12 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +- O +year O +overall O +survival O +( O +OS O +) O +rate O +was O +42 O +% O +, O +with O +a O +median O +OS O +of O +40 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +Topotecan B-Chemical +in O +combination O +with O +radiotherapy O +was O +well O +tolerated O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +while O +response O +and O +stabilization O +concerned O +one O +- O +third O +of O +the O +patients O +, O +the O +study O +did O +not O +show O +increased O +benefits O +in O +terms O +of O +survival O +in O +patients O +with O +unresectable O +GBM O +. O + +aps B-category +Long O +- O +term O +lithium B-Chemical +therapy O +leading O +to O +hyperparathyroidism O +: O +a O +case O +report O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +This O +paper O +reviews O +the O +effect O +of O +chronic O +lithium B-Chemical +therapy O +on O +serum O +calcium B-Chemical +level O +and O +parathyroid O +glands O +, O +its O +pathogenesis O +, O +and O +treatment O +options O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +examined O +the O +case O +of O +a O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +treated O +patient O +who O +had O +recurrent O +hypercalcemia O +to O +better O +understand O +the O +disease O +process O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Primary O +hyperparathyroidism O +is O +a O +rare O +but O +potentially O +life O +- O +threatening O +side O +effect O +of O +long O +- O +term O +lithium B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Careful O +patient O +selection O +and O +long O +- O +term O +follow O +- O +up O +can O +reduce O +morbidity O +. O + +aps B-category +PRACTICAL O +IMPLICATIONS O +: O +As O +much O +as O +15 O +% O +of O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +treated O +patients O +become O +hypercalcemic O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +routinely O +monitoring O +serum O +calcium B-Chemical +levels O +, O +healthcare O +providers O +can O +improve O +the O +quality O +of O +life O +of O +this O +patient O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +laryngeal O +mask O +with O +endotracheal O +tube O +for O +anesthesia O +in O +endoscopic O +sinus O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +The O +purpose O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +compare O +surgical O +conditions O +, O +including O +the O +amount O +of O +intraoperative O +bleeding O +as O +well O +as O +intraoperative O +blood O +pressure O +, O +during O +functional O +endoscopic O +sinus O +surgery O +( O +FESS O +) O +using O +flexible O +reinforced O +laryngeal O +mask O +airway O +( O +FRLMA O +) O +versus O +endotracheal O +tube O +( O +ETT O +) O +in O +maintaining O +controlled O +hypotension O +anesthesia O +induced O +by O +propofol B-Chemical +- O +remifentanil B-Chemical +total O +i O +. O +v O +. O +anesthesia O +( O +TIVA O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Sixty O +normotensive O +American O +Society O +of O +Anesthesiologists O +I O +- O +II O +adult O +patients O +undergoing O +FESS O +under O +controlled O +hypotension O +anesthesia O +caused O +by O +propofol B-Chemical +- O +remifentanil B-Chemical +- O +TIVA O +were O +randomly O +assigned O +into O +two O +groups O +: O +group O +I O +, O +FRLMA O +; O +group O +II O +, O +ETT O +. O + +aps B-category +Hemorrhage O +was O +measured O +and O +the O +visibility O +of O +the O +operative O +field O +was O +evaluated O +according O +to O +a O +six O +- O +point O +scale O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Controlled O +hypotension O +was O +achieved O +within O +a O +shorter O +period O +using O +laryngeal O +mask O +using O +lower O +rates O +of O +remifentanil B-Chemical +infusion O +and O +lower O +total O +dose O +of O +remifentanil B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +a O +case O +of O +nonalcoholic O +fatty O +liver O +disease O +( O +NAFLD O +) O +arising O +in O +a O +child O +who O +developed O +obesity O +during O +VPA B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Laboratory O +data O +revealed O +hyperinsulinemia O +with O +insulin O +resistance O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +the O +withdrawal O +of O +VPA B-Chemical +therapy O +, O +our O +patient O +showed O +a O +significant O +weight O +loss O +, O +a O +decrease O +of O +body O +mass O +index O +, O +and O +normalization O +of O +metabolic O +and O +endocrine O +parameters O +; O +moreover O +, O +ultrasound O +measurements O +showed O +a O +complete O +normalization O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +case O +suggests O +that O +obesity O +, O +hyperinsulinemia O +, O +insulin O +resistance O +, O +and O +long O +- O +term O +treatment O +with O +VPA B-Chemical +may O +be O +all O +associated O +with O +the O +development O +of O +NAFLD O +; O +this O +side O +effect O +is O +reversible O +after O +VPA B-Chemical +withdrawal O +. O + +aps B-category +Carbimazole B-Chemical +induced O +ANCA O +positive O +vasculitis O +. O + +aps B-category +Anti B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thyroid I-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +, O +like O +carbimazole B-Chemical +and O +propylthiouracil B-Chemical +( O +PTU B-Chemical +) O +are O +commonly O +prescribed O +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +hyperthyroidism O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +should O +be O +aware O +of O +the O +side O +effects O +of O +antithyroid B-Chemical +medications I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Antineutrophil O +cytoplasmic O +antibody O +( O +ANCA O +) O +- O +- O +associated O +vasculitis O +is O +a O +potentially O +life O +- O +threatening O +adverse O +effect O +of O +antithyroidmedications B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +a O +patient O +with O +Graves O +' O +disease O +who O +developed O +ANCA O +positive O +carbimazole B-Chemical +induced O +vasculitis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +episode O +was O +characterized O +by O +a O +vasculitic O +skin O +rash O +associated O +with O +large O +joint O +arthritis O +, O +pyrexia O +and O +parotiditis O +but O +no O +renal O +or O +pulmonary O +involvement O +. O + +aps B-category +He O +was O +referred O +to O +us O +for O +neurological O +evaluation O +because O +he O +had O +difficulty O +in O +getting O +up O +from O +squatting O +position O +and O +was O +suspected O +to O +have O +myositis O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Preventive O +Services O +Task O +Force O +( O +USPSTF O +) O +strongly O +recommended O +that O +clinicians O +discuss O +aspirin B-Chemical +with O +adults O +who O +are O +at O +increased O +risk O +for O +coronary O +heart O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +To O +determine O +the O +benefits O +and O +harms O +of O +taking O +aspirin B-Chemical +for O +the O +primary O +prevention O +of O +myocardial O +infarctions O +, O +strokes O +, O +and O +death O +. O + +aps B-category +DATA O +SOURCES O +: O +MEDLINE O +and O +Cochrane O +Library O +( O +search O +dates O +, O +1 O +January O +2001 O +to O +28 O +August O +2008 O +) O +, O +recent O +systematic O +reviews O +, O +reference O +lists O +of O +retrieved O +articles O +, O +and O +suggestions O +from O +experts O +. O + +aps B-category +STUDY O +SELECTION O +: O +English O +- O +language O +randomized O +, O +controlled O +trials O +( O +RCTs O +) O +; O +case O +- O +control O +studies O +; O +meta O +- O +analyses O +; O +and O +systematic O +reviews O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +versus O +control O +for O +the O +primary O +prevention O +of O +cardiovascular O +disease O +( O +CVD O +) O +were O +selected O +to O +answer O +the O +following O +questions O +: O +Does O +aspirin B-Chemical +decrease O +coronary O +heart O +events O +, O +strokes O +, O +death O +from O +coronary O +heart O +events O +or O +stroke O +, O +or O +all O +- O +cause O +mortality O +in O +adults O +without O +known O +CVD O +? O + +aps B-category +Does O +aspirin B-Chemical +increase O +gastrointestinal O +bleeding O +or O +hemorrhagic O +strokes O +? O + +aps B-category +DATA O +EXTRACTION O +: O +All O +studies O +were O +reviewed O +, O +abstracted O +, O +and O +rated O +for O +quality O +by O +using O +predefined O +USPSTF O +criteria O +. O + +aps B-category +DATA O +SYNTHESIS O +: O +New O +evidence O +from O +1 O +good O +- O +quality O +RCT O +, O +1 O +good O +- O +quality O +meta O +- O +analysis O +, O +and O +2 O +fair O +- O +quality O +subanalyses O +of O +RCTs O +demonstrates O +that O +aspirin B-Chemical +use O +reduces O +the O +number O +of O +CVD O +events O +in O +patients O +without O +known O +CVD O +. O + +aps B-category +Men O +in O +these O +studies O +experienced O +fewer O +myocardial O +infarctions O +and O +women O +experienced O +fewer O +ischemic O +strokes O +. O + +aps B-category +Aspirin B-Chemical +does O +not O +seem O +to O +affect O +CVD O +mortality O +or O +all O +- O +cause O +mortality O +in O +either O +men O +or O +women O +. 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O +5 O +- O +3 O +times O +baseline O +( O +not O +> O +100 O +seconds O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Contemporary O +experiences O +indicate O +that O +reduced O +doses O +are O +also O +needed O +in O +patients O +with O +conditions O +associated O +with O +hepatic O +hypoperfusion O +, O +e O +. O +g O +. O +heart O +failure O +, O +yet O +are O +unnecessary O +for O +renal O +dysfunction O +, O +adult O +age O +, O +sex O +, O +race O +/ O +ethnicity O +or O +obesity O +. O + +aps B-category +Argatroban B-Chemical +0 O +. O +5 O +- O +1 O +. O +2 O +microg O +/ O +kg O +/ O +min O +typically O +supports O +therapeutic O +aPTTs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +FDA O +- O +recommended O +dose O +during O +PCI O +is O +25 O +microg O +/ O +kg O +/ O +min O +( O +350 O +microg O +/ O +kg O +initial O +bolus O +) O +, O +adjusted O +to O +achieve O +activated O +clotting O +times O +( O +ACTs O +) O +of O +300 O +- O +450 O +sec O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +intracerebroventricular O +( O +ICV O +) O +administration O +of O +ouabain B-Chemical +( O +a O +Na B-Chemical +( O ++ O +) O +/ O +K B-Chemical +( O ++ O +) O +- O +ATPase O +inhibitor O +) O +in O +rats O +has O +been O +suggested O +to O +mimic O +some O +symptoms O +of O +human O +bipolar O +mania O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +studies O +have O +shown O +that O +bipolar O +disorder O +may O +be O +related O +to O +mitochondrial O +dysfunction O +. O + +aps B-category +Herein O +, O +we O +investigated O +the O +behavioral O +and O +biochemical O +effects O +induced O +by O +the O +ICV O +administration O +of O +ouabain B-Chemical +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +achieve O +this O +aim O +, O +the O +effects O +of O +ouabain B-Chemical +injection O +immediately O +after O +and O +7 O +days O +following O +a O +single O +ICV O +administration O +( O +at O +concentrations O +of O +10 O +( O +- O +2 O +) O +and O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +M O +) O +on O +locomotion O +was O +measured O +using O +the O +open O +- O +field O +test O +. O + +aps B-category +Additionally O +, O +thiobarbituric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +reactive O +substances O +( O +TBARSs O +) O +and O +superoxide B-Chemical +production O +were O +measured O +in O +submitochondrial O +particles O +of O +the O +prefrontal O +cortex O +, O +hippocampus O +, O +striatum O +and O +amygdala O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +findings O +demonstrated O +that O +ouabain B-Chemical +at O +10 O +( O +- O +2 O +) O +and O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +M O +induced O +hyperlocomotion O +in O +rats O +, O +and O +this O +response O +remained O +up O +to O +7 O +days O +following O +a O +single O +ICV O +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +we O +observed O +that O +the O +persistent O +increase O +in O +the O +rat O +spontaneous O +locomotion O +is O +associated O +with O +increased O +TBARS O +levels O +and O +superoxide B-Chemical +generation O +in O +submitochondrial O +particles O +in O +the O +prefrontal O +cortex O +, O +striatum O +and O +amygdala O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +conclusion O +, O +ouabain B-Chemical +- O +induced O +mania O +- O +like O +behavior O +may O +provide O +a O +useful O +animal O +model O +to O +test O +the O +hypothesis O +of O +the O +involvement O +of O +oxidative O +stress O +in O +bipolar O +disorder O +. O + +aps B-category +Intraoperative O +dialysis O +during O +liver O +transplantation O +with O +citrate B-Chemical +dialysate O +. O + +aps B-category +Liver O +transplantation O +for O +acutely O +ill O +patients O +with O +fulminant O +liver O +failure O +carries O +high O +intraoperative O +and O +immediate O +postoperative O +risks O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +are O +increased O +with O +the O +presence O +of O +concomitant O +acute O +kidney O +injury O +( O +AKI O +) O +and O +intraoperative O +dialysis O +is O +sometimes O +required O +to O +allow O +the O +transplant O +to O +proceed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +derangements O +in O +the O +procoagulant O +and O +anticoagulant O +pathways O +during O +fulminant O +liver O +failure O +can O +lead O +to O +difficulties O +with O +anticoagulation O +during O +dialysis O +, O +especially O +when O +continued O +in O +the O +operating O +room O +. O + +aps B-category +Systemic O +anticoagulation O +is O +unsafe O +and O +regional O +citrate B-Chemical +anticoagulation O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +a O +functional O +liver O +carries O +the O +risk O +of O +citrate B-Chemical +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Citrate B-Chemical +dialysate O +, O +a O +new O +dialysate O +with O +citric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +can O +be O +used O +for O +anticoagulation O +in O +patients O +who O +cannot O +tolerate O +heparin B-Chemical +or O +regional O +citrate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +a O +case O +of O +a O +40 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +female O +with O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +- O +induced O +fulminant O +liver O +failure O +with O +associated O +AKI O +who O +underwent O +intraoperative O +dialytic O +support O +during O +liver O +transplantation O +anticoagulated O +with O +citrate B-Chemical +dialysate O +during O +the O +entire O +procedure O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +tolerated O +the O +procedure O +well O +without O +any O +signs O +of O +citrate B-Chemical +toxicity O +and O +maintained O +adequate O +anticoagulation O +for O +patency O +of O +the O +dialysis O +circuit O +. O + +aps B-category +Citrate B-Chemical +dialysate O +is O +a O +safe O +alternative O +for O +intradialytic O +support O +of O +liver O +transplantation O +in O +fulminant O +liver O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +Delirium O +in O +a O +patient O +with O +toxic O +flecainide B-Chemical +plasma O +concentrations O +: O +the O +role O +of O +a O +pharmacokinetic O +drug O +interaction O +with O +paroxetine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +describe O +a O +case O +of O +flecainide B-Chemical +- O +induced O +delirium O +associated O +with O +a O +pharmacokinetic O +drug O +interaction O +with O +paroxetine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +CASE O +SUMMARY O +: O +A O +69 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +white O +female O +presented O +to O +the O +emergency O +department O +with O +a O +history O +of O +confusion O +and O +paranoia O +over O +the O +past O +several O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +admission O +the O +patient O +was O +taking O +carvedilol B-Chemical +12 O +mg O +twice O +daily O +, O +warfarin B-Chemical +2 O +mg O +/ O +day O +, O +folic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +1 O +mg O +/ O +day O +, O +levothyroxine B-Chemical +100 O +microg O +/ O +day O +, O +pantoprazole B-Chemical +40 O +mg O +/ O +day O +, O +paroxetine B-Chemical +40 O +mg O +/ O +day O +, O +and O +flecainide B-Chemical +100 O +mg O +twice O +daily O +. O + +aps B-category +Flecainide B-Chemical +had O +been O +started O +2 O +weeks O +prior O +for O +atrial O +fibrillation O +. O + +aps B-category +Laboratory O +test O +findings O +on O +admission O +were O +notable O +only O +for O +a O +flecainide B-Chemical +plasma O +concentration O +of O +1360 O +microg O +/ O +L O +( O +reference O +range O +200 O +- O +1000 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +metabolic O +drug O +interaction O +between O +flecainide B-Chemical +and O +paroxetine B-Chemical +, O +which O +the O +patient O +had O +been O +taking O +for O +more O +than O +5 O +years O +, O +was O +considered O +. O + +aps B-category +Paroxetine B-Chemical +was O +discontinued O +and O +the O +dose O +of O +flecainide B-Chemical +was O +reduced O +to O +50 O +mg O +twice O +daily O +. O + +aps B-category +Her O +delirium O +resolved O +3 O +days O +later O +. O + +aps B-category +DISCUSSION O +: O +Flecainide B-Chemical +and O +pharmacologically O +similar O +agents O +that O +interact O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +channels O +may O +cause O +delirium O +in O +susceptible O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +MEDLINE O +search O +( O +1966 O +- O +January O +2009 O +) O +revealed O +one O +in O +vivo O +pharmacokinetic O +study O +on O +the O +interaction O +between O +flecainide B-Chemical +, O +a O +CYP2D6 O +substrate O +, O +and O +paroxetine B-Chemical +, O +a O +CYP2D6 O +inhibitor O +, O +as O +well O +as O +3 O +case O +reports O +of O +flecainide B-Chemical +- O +induced O +delirium O +. O + +aps B-category +According O +to O +the O +Naranjo O +probability O +scale O +, O +flecainide B-Chemical +was O +the O +probable O +cause O +of O +the O +patient O +' O +s O +delirium O +; O +the O +Horn O +Drug O +Interaction O +Probability O +Scale O +indicates O +a O +possible O +pharmacokinetic O +drug O +interaction O +between O +flecainide B-Chemical +and O +paroxetine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Supratherapeutic O +flecainide B-Chemical +plasma O +concentrations O +may O +cause O +delirium O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +toxicity O +may O +occur O +when O +flecainide B-Chemical +is O +prescribed O +with O +paroxetine B-Chemical +and O +other O +potent O +CYP2D6 O +inhibitors O +, O +flecainide B-Chemical +plasma O +concentrations O +should O +be O +monitored O +closely O +with O +commencement O +of O +CYP2D6 O +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +Efficacy O +of O +everolimus B-Chemical +( O +RAD001 B-Chemical +) O +in O +patients O +with O +advanced O +NSCLC O +previously O +treated O +with O +chemotherapy O +alone O +or O +with O +chemotherapy O +and O +EGFR O +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Treatment O +options O +are O +scarce O +in O +pretreated O +advanced O +non O +- O +small O +- O +cell O +lung O +cancer O +( O +NSCLC O +) O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +RAD001 B-Chemical +, O +an O +oral O +inhibitor O +of O +the O +mammalian O +target O +of O +rapamycin B-Chemical +( O +mTOR O +) O +, O +has O +shown O +phase O +I O +efficacy O +in O +NSCLC O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Stage O +IIIb O +or O +IV O +NSCLC O +patients O +, O +with O +two O +or O +fewer O +prior O +chemotherapy O +regimens O +, O +one O +platinum B-Chemical +based O +( O +stratum O +1 O +) O +or O +both O +chemotherapy O +and O +epidermal O +growth O +factor O +receptor O +tyrosine B-Chemical +kinase O +inhibitors O +( O +stratum O +2 O +) O +, O +received O +RAD001 B-Chemical +10 O +mg O +/ O +day O +until O +progression O +or O +unacceptable O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Primary O +objective O +was O +overall O +response O +rate O +( O +ORR O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Common O +> O +or O += O +grade O +3 O +events O +were O +fatigue O +, O +dyspnea O +, O +stomatitis O +, O +anemia O +, O +and O +thrombocytopenia O +. O + +aps B-category +Pneumonitis O +, O +probably O +or O +possibly O +related O +, O +mainly O +grade O +1 O +/ O +2 O +, O +occurred O +in O +25 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Cox O +regression O +analysis O +of O +IHC O +scores O +found O +that O +only O +phospho O +AKT O +( O +pAKT O +) O +was O +a O +significant O +independent O +predictor O +of O +worse O +PFS O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +RAD001 B-Chemical +10 O +mg O +/ O +day O +was O +well O +tolerated O +, O +showing O +modest O +clinical O +activity O +in O +pretreated O +NSCLC O +. O + +aps B-category +Evaluation O +of O +RAD001 B-Chemical +plus O +standard O +therapy O +for O +metastatic O +NSCLC O +continues O +. O + +aps B-category +Posttransplant O +anemia O +: O +the O +role O +of O +sirolimus B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +At O +discharge O +, O +she O +had O +complete O +recovery O +of O +neurological O +and O +hepatic O +functions O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +In O +patients O +with O +FHF O +and O +cerebral O +edema O +from O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +overdose O +, O +prolonged O +therapeutic O +hypothermia O +could O +potentially O +be O +used O +as O +a O +life O +saving O +therapy O +and O +a O +bridge O +to O +hepatic O +and O +neurological O +recovery O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +clinical O +trial O +of O +hypothermia O +in O +patients O +with O +this O +condition O +is O +warranted O +. O + +aps B-category +Binasal O +visual O +field O +defects O +are O +not O +specific O +to O +vigabatrin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +investigated O +the O +visual O +defects O +associated O +with O +the O +antiepileptic O +drug O +vigabatrin B-Chemical +( O +VGB B-Chemical +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Assessment O +of O +retinal O +function O +revealed O +abnormal O +responses O +in O +48 O +% O +of O +current O +VGB B-Chemical +users O +and O +22 O +% O +of O +prior O +VGB B-Chemical +users O +, O +but O +in O +none O +of O +the O +patients O +without O +previous O +exposure O +to O +VGB B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Bilateral O +visual O +field O +abnormalities O +are O +common O +in O +the O +treated O +epilepsy O +population O +, O +irrespective O +of O +drug O +history O +. O + +aps B-category +Assessment O +by O +conventional O +static O +perimetry O +may O +neither O +be O +sufficiently O +sensitive O +nor O +specific O +to O +reliably O +identify O +retinal O +toxicity O +associated O +with O +VGB B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Smoking O +of O +crack B-Chemical +cocaine I-Chemical +as O +a O +risk O +factor O +for O +HIV O +infection O +among O +people O +who O +use O +injection O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Little O +is O +known O +about O +the O +possible O +role O +that O +smoking O +crack B-Chemical +cocaine I-Chemical +has O +on O +the O +incidence O +of O +HIV O +infection O +. O + +aps B-category +Given O +the O +increasing O +use O +of O +crack B-Chemical +cocaine I-Chemical +, O +we O +sought O +to O +examine O +whether O +use O +of O +this O +illicit O +drug O +has O +become O +a O +risk O +factor O +for O +HIV O +infection O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +We O +included O +data O +from O +people O +participating O +in O +the O +Vancouver O +Injection O +Drug O +Users O +Study O +who O +reported O +injecting O +illicit O +drugs O +at O +least O +once O +in O +the O +month O +before O +enrolment O +, O +lived O +in O +the O +greater O +Vancouver O +area O +, O +were O +HIV O +- O +negative O +at O +enrolment O +and O +completed O +at O +least O +1 O +follow O +- O +up O +study O +visit O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +determine O +whether O +the O +risk O +of O +HIV O +seroconversion O +among O +daily O +smokers O +of O +crack B-Chemical +cocaine I-Chemical +changed O +over O +time O +, O +we O +used O +Cox O +proportional O +hazards O +regression O +and O +divided O +the O +study O +into O +3 O +periods O +: O +May O +1 O +, O +1996 O +- O +Nov O +. O + +aps B-category +30 O +, O +1999 O +( O +period O +1 O +) O +, O +Dec O +. O + +aps B-category +1 O +, O +1999 O +- O +Nov O +. O + +aps B-category +30 O +, O +2002 O +( O +period O +2 O +) O +, O +and O +Dec O +. O + +aps B-category +1 O +, O +2002 O +- O +Dec O +. O + +aps B-category +30 O +, O +2005 O +( O +period O +3 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Overall O +, O +1048 O +eligible O +injection O +drug O +users O +were O +included O +in O +our O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +these O +, O +137 O +acquired O +HIV O +infection O +during O +follow O +- O +up O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +proportion O +of O +participants O +who O +reported O +daily O +smoking O +of O +crack B-Chemical +cocaine I-Chemical +increased O +from O +11 O +. O +6 O +% O +in O +period O +1 O +to O +39 O +. O +7 O +% O +in O +period O +3 O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +adjusting O +for O +potential O +confounders O +, O +we O +found O +that O +the O +risk O +of O +HIV O +seroconversion O +among O +participants O +who O +were O +daily O +smokers O +of O +crack B-Chemical +cocaine I-Chemical +increased O +over O +time O +( O +period O +1 O +: O +hazard O +ratio O +[ O +HR O +] O +1 O +. O +03 O +, O +95 O +% O +confidence O +interval O +[ O +CI O +] O +0 O +. O +57 O +- O +1 O +. O +85 O +; O +period O +2 O +: O +HR O +1 O +. O +68 O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +1 O +. O +01 O +- O +2 O +. O +80 O +; O +and O +period O +3 O +: O +HR O +2 O +. O +74 O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +1 O +. O +06 O +- O +7 O +. O +11 O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Five O +days O +after O +SE O +, O +CCR2 O +staining O +in O +neurons O +and O +glial O +cells O +was O +examined O +using O +imunohistochemical O +analyses O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +number O +of O +CCR2 O +positive O +cells O +was O +determined O +using O +stereology O +probes O +in O +the O +hippocampus O +. O + +aps B-category +CCL2 O +expression O +in O +the O +hippocampus O +was O +examined O +by O +molecular O +assay O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Increased O +CCR2 O +was O +observed O +in O +the O +hippocampus O +after O +SE O +. O + +aps B-category +Seizures O +also O +resulted O +in O +alterations O +to O +the O +cell O +types O +expressing O +CCR2 O +. O + +aps B-category +Increased O +numbers O +of O +neurons O +that O +expressed O +CCR2 O +was O +observed O +following O +SE O +. O + +aps B-category +Microglial O +cells O +were O +more O +closely O +apposed O +to O +the O +CCR2 O +- O +labeled O +cells O +in O +SE O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +rats O +that O +experienced O +SE O +exhibited O +CCR2 O +- O +labeling O +in O +populations O +of O +hypertrophied O +astrocytes O +, O +especially O +in O +CA1 O +and O +dentate O +gyrus O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +CCR2 O ++ O +astroctytes O +were O +not O +observed O +in O +control O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Examination O +of O +CCL2 O +expression O +showed O +that O +it O +was O +elevated O +in O +the O +hippocampus O +following O +SE O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +The O +data O +show O +that O +CCR2 O +and O +CCL2 O +are O +up O +- O +regulated O +in O +the O +hippocampus O +after O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +SE O +. O + +aps B-category +Seizures O +also O +result O +in O +changes O +to O +CCR2 O +receptor O +expression O +in O +neurons O +and O +astrocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +changes O +might O +be O +involved O +in O +detrimental O +neuroplasticity O +and O +neuroinflammatory O +changes O +that O +occur O +following O +seizures O +. O + +aps B-category +Metallothionein B-Chemical +induction O +reduces O +caspase O +- O +3 O +activity O +and O +TNFalpha O +levels O +with O +preservation O +of O +cognitive O +function O +and O +intact O +hippocampal O +neurons O +in O +carmustine B-Chemical +- O +treated O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Hippocampal O +integrity O +is O +essential O +for O +cognitive O +functions O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +induction O +of O +metallothionein B-Chemical +( O +MT B-Chemical +) O +by O +ZnSO B-Chemical +( I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +and O +its O +role O +in O +neuroprotection O +has O +been O +documented O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +study O +aimed O +to O +explore O +the O +effect O +of O +MT B-Chemical +induction O +on O +carmustine B-Chemical +( O +BCNU B-Chemical +) O +- O +induced O +hippocampal O +cognitive O +dysfunction O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +total O +of O +60 O +male O +Wistar O +albino O +rats O +were O +randomly O +divided O +into O +four O +groups O +( O +15 O +/ O +group O +) O +: O +The O +control O +group O +injected O +with O +single O +doses O +of O +normal O +saline O +( O +i O +. O +c O +. O +v O +) O +followed O +24 O +h O +later O +by O +BCNU B-Chemical +solvent O +( O +i O +. O +v O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +second O +group O +administered O +ZnSO B-Chemical +( I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +1 O +micromol O +/ O +10 O +microl O +normal O +saline O +, O +i O +. O +c O +. O +v O +, O +once O +) O +then O +BCNU B-Chemical +solvent O +( O +i O +. O +v O +) O +after O +24 O +h O +. O + +aps B-category +Third O +group O +received O +BCNU B-Chemical +( O +20 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +i O +. O +v O +, O +once O +) O +24 O +h O +after O +injection O +with O +normal O +saline O +( O +i O +. O +c O +. O +v O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Fourth O +group O +received O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +ZnSO B-Chemical +( I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +1 O +micromol O +/ O +10 O +microl O +normal O +saline O +, O +i O +. O +c O +. O +v O +) O +then O +BCNU B-Chemical +( O +20 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +i O +. O +v O +, O +once O +) O +after O +24 O +h O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +obtained O +data O +revealed O +that O +BCNU B-Chemical +administration O +resulted O +in O +deterioration O +of O +learning O +and O +short O +- O +term O +memory O +( O +STM O +) O +, O +as O +measured O +by O +using O +radial O +arm O +water O +maze O +, O +accompanied O +with O +decreased O +hippocampal O +glutathione B-Chemical +reductase O +( O +GR O +) O +activity O +and O +reduced O +glutathione B-Chemical +( O +GSH B-Chemical +) O +content O +. O + +aps B-category +Also O +, O +BCNU B-Chemical +administration O +increased O +serum O +tumor O +necrosis O +factor O +- O +alpha O +( O +TNFalpha O +) O +, O +hippocampal O +MT B-Chemical +and O +malondialdehyde B-Chemical +( O +MDA B-Chemical +) O +contents O +as O +well O +as O +caspase O +- O +3 O +activity O +in O +addition O +to O +histological O +alterations O +. O + +aps B-category +ZnSO B-Chemical +( I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +pretreatment O +counteracted O +BCNU B-Chemical +- O +induced O +inhibition O +of O +GR O +and O +depletion O +of O +GSH B-Chemical +and O +resulted O +in O +significant O +reduction O +in O +the O +levels O +of O +MDA B-Chemical +and O +TNFalpha O +as O +well O +as O +the O +activity O +of O +caspase O +- O +3 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +histological O +features O +were O +improved O +in O +hippocampus O +of O +rats O +treated O +with O +ZnSO B-Chemical +( I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +) I-Chemical ++ O +BCNU B-Chemical +compared O +to O +only O +BCNU B-Chemical +- O +treated O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +conclusion O +, O +MT B-Chemical +induction O +halts O +BCNU B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hippocampal O +toxicity O +as O +it O +prevented O +GR O +inhibition O +and O +GSH B-Chemical +depletion O +and O +counteracted O +the O +increased O +levels O +of O +TNFalpha O +, O +MDA B-Chemical +and O +caspase O +- O +3 O +activity O +with O +subsequent O +preservation O +of O +cognition O +. O + +aps B-category +Fatal O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +induced O +fulminant O +eosinophilic O +( O +hypersensitivity O +) O +myocarditis O +: O +emphasis O +on O +anatomical O +and O +histological O +characteristics O +, O +mechanisms O +and O +genetics O +of O +drug O +hypersensitivity O +and O +differential O +diagnosis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +severe O +adverse O +reactions O +to O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +have O +been O +observed O +in O +the O +haemopoietic O +system O +, O +the O +liver O +and O +the O +cardiovascular O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +frequently O +fatal O +, O +although O +exceptionally O +rare O +side O +effect O +of O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +is O +necrotizing O +eosinophilic O +( O +hypersensitivity O +) O +myocarditis O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +a O +case O +of O +hypersensitivity O +myocarditis O +secondary O +to O +administration O +of O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +hypersensitivity O +myocarditis O +was O +not O +suspected O +clinically O +, O +and O +the O +diagnosis O +was O +made O +post O +- O +mortem O +. O + +aps B-category +Histology O +revealed O +diffuse O +infiltration O +of O +the O +myocardium O +by O +eosinophils O +and O +lymphocytes O +with O +myocyte O +damage O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinically O +, O +death O +was O +due O +to O +cardiogenic O +shock O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +best O +of O +our O +knowledge O +this O +is O +the O +second O +case O +of O +fatal O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +induced O +myocarditis O +reported O +in O +English O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuropsychiatric O +behaviors O +in O +the O +MPTP B-Chemical +marmoset O +model O +of O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVES O +: O +Neuropsychiatric O +symptoms O +are O +increasingly O +recognised O +as O +a O +significant O +problem O +in O +patients O +with O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +( O +PD O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +symptoms O +may O +be O +due O +to O +' O +sensitisation O +' O +following O +repeated O +levodopa B-Chemical +treatment O +or O +a O +direct O +effect O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +on O +the O +disease O +state O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +levodopa B-Chemical +- O +treated O +MPTP B-Chemical +- O +lesioned O +marmoset O +was O +used O +as O +a O +model O +of O +neuropsychiatric O +symptoms O +in O +PD O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Here O +we O +compare O +the O +time O +course O +of O +levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +motor O +fluctuations O +and O +neuropsychiatric O +- O +like O +behaviors O +to O +determine O +the O +relationship O +between O +duration O +of O +treatment O +and O +onset O +of O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Marmosets O +were O +administered O +1 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phenyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tetrahydropyridine I-Chemical +( O +2 O +. O +0 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +s O +. O +c O +. O +) O +for O +five O +days O +, O +resulting O +in O +stable O +parkinsonism O +. O + +aps B-category +Levodopa B-Chemical +( O +15 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +and O +benserazide B-Chemical +, O +3 O +. O +75 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +p O +. O +o O +. O + +aps B-category +b O +. O +i O +. O +d O +, O +was O +administered O +for O +30 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +Animals O +were O +evaluated O +for O +parkinsonian O +disability O +, O +dyskinesia O +and O +on O +- O +time O +( O +motor O +fluctuations O +) O +and O +neuropsychiatric O +- O +like O +behaviors O +on O +Day O +0 O +( O +prior O +to O +levodopa B-Chemical +) O +and O +on O +Days O +1 O +, O +7 O +, O +13 O +, O +27 O +and O +30 O +of O +treatment O +using O +post O +hoc O +DVD O +analysis O +by O +a O +trained O +rater O +, O +blind O +to O +the O +treatment O +day O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +neuropsychiatric O +- O +like O +behavior O +rating O +scale O +demonstrated O +high O +interrater O +reliability O +between O +three O +trained O +raters O +of O +differing O +professional O +backgrounds O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +anticipated O +, O +animals O +exhibited O +a O +progressive O +increase O +in O +levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +motor O +fluctuations O +, O +dyskinesia O +and O +wearing O +- O +off O +, O +that O +correlated O +with O +the O +duration O +of O +levodopa B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast O +, O +levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +neuropsychiatric O +- O +like O +behaviors O +were O +present O +on O +Day O +1 O +of O +levodopa B-Chemical +treatment O +and O +their O +severity O +did O +not O +correlate O +with O +duration O +of O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +The O +data O +suggest O +that O +neuropsychiatric O +disorders O +in O +PD O +are O +more O +likely O +an O +interaction O +between O +levodopa B-Chemical +and O +the O +disease O +state O +than O +a O +consequence O +of O +sensitisation O +to O +repeated O +dopaminergic O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Contrast B-Chemical +medium I-Chemical +nephrotoxicity O +after O +renal O +artery O +and O +coronary O +angioplasty O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Renal O +dysfunction O +induced O +by O +iodinated O +contrast B-Chemical +medium I-Chemical +( O +CM B-Chemical +) O +administration O +can O +minimize O +the O +benefit O +of O +the O +interventional O +procedure O +in O +patients O +undergoing O +renal O +angioplasty O +( O +PTRA O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +To O +compare O +the O +susceptibility O +to O +nephrotoxic O +effect O +of O +CM B-Chemical +in O +patients O +undergoing O +PTRA O +with O +that O +of O +patients O +submitted O +to O +percutaneous O +coronary O +intervention O +( O +PCI O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +MATERIAL O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +A O +total O +of O +33 O +patients O +successfully O +treated O +with O +PTRA O +( O +PTRA O +group O +, O +mean O +age O +70 O ++ O +/ O +- O +12 O +years O +, O +23 O +female O +, O +basal O +creatinine B-Chemical +1 O +. O +46 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +79 O +, O +range O +0 O +. O +7 O +- O +4 O +. O +9 O +mg O +/ O +dl O +) O +were O +compared O +with O +33 O +patients O +undergoing O +successful O +PCI O +( O +PCI O +group O +) O +, O +matched O +for O +basal O +creatinine B-Chemical +( O +1 O +. O +44 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +6 O +, O +range O +0 O +. O +7 O +- O +3 O +. O +4 O +mg O +/ O +dl O +) O +, O +gender O +, O +and O +age O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +both O +groups O +postprocedural O +( O +48 O +h O +) O +serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +was O +measured O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Postprocedural O +creatinine B-Chemical +level O +decreased O +nonsignificantly O +in O +the O +PTRA O +group O +( O +1 O +. O +46 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +8 O +vs O +. O +1 O +. O +34 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +dl O +, O +P O += O +NS O +) O +and O +increased O +significantly O +in O +the O +PCI O +group O +( O +1 O +. O +44 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +6 O +vs O +. O +1 O +. O +57 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +7 O +mg O +/ O +dl O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +02 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +after O +intervention O +( O +after O +- O +before O +) O +were O +significantly O +different O +between O +the O +PTRA O +and O +PCI O +groups O +( O +- O +0 O +. O +12 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +5 O +vs O +. O +0 O +. O +13 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +3 O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +014 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +difference O +was O +not O +related O +to O +either O +a O +different O +clinical O +risk O +profile O +or O +to O +the O +volume O +of O +CM B-Chemical +administered O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +In O +this O +preliminary O +study O +patients O +submitted O +to O +PTRA O +showed O +a O +lower O +susceptibility O +to O +renal O +damage O +induced O +by O +CM B-Chemical +administration O +than O +PCI O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effectiveness O +of O +PTRA O +on O +renal O +function O +seems O +to O +be O +barely O +influenced O +by O +CM B-Chemical +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Diphenhydramine B-Chemical +prevents O +the O +haemodynamic O +changes O +of O +cimetidine B-Chemical +in O +ICU O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Cimetidine B-Chemical +, O +a O +histamine B-Chemical +2 O +( O +H2 O +) O +antagonist O +, O +produces O +a O +decrease O +in O +arterial O +pressure O +due O +to O +vasodilatation O +, O +especially O +in O +critically O +ill O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +may O +be O +because O +cimetidine B-Chemical +acts O +as O +a O +histamine B-Chemical +agonist O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +, O +therefore O +, O +investigated O +the O +effects O +of O +the O +histamine B-Chemical +1 O +( O +H1 O +) O +receptor O +antagonist O +, O +diphenhydramine B-Chemical +, O +on O +the O +haemodynamic O +changes O +observed O +after O +cimetidine B-Chemical +in O +ICU O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Each O +patient O +was O +studied O +on O +two O +separate O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +random O +fashion O +, O +they O +received O +cimetidine B-Chemical +200 O +mg O +iv O +on O +one O +day O +, O +and O +on O +the O +other O +, O +a O +pretreatment O +of O +diphenhydramine B-Chemical +40 O +mg O +iv O +with O +cimetidine B-Chemical +200 O +mg O +iv O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +non O +- O +pretreatment O +group O +, O +mean O +arterial O +pressure O +( O +MAP O +) O +decreased O +from O +107 O +. O +4 O ++ O +/ O +- O +8 O +. O +4 O +mmHg O +to O +86 O +. O +7 O ++ O +/ O +- O +11 O +. O +4 O +mmHg O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +two O +minutes O +after O +cimetidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Also O +, O +systemic O +vascular O +resistance O +( O +SVR O +) O +decreased O +during O +the O +eight O +- O +minute O +observation O +period O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast O +, O +in O +the O +pretreatment O +group O +, O +little O +haemodynamic O +change O +was O +seen O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +an O +H1 O +antagonist O +may O +be O +useful O +in O +preventing O +hypotension O +caused O +by O +iv O +cimetidine B-Chemical +, O +since O +the O +vasodilating O +activity O +of O +cimetidine B-Chemical +is O +mediated O +, O +in O +part O +, O +through O +the O +H1 O +receptor O +. O + +aps B-category +Medical O +and O +psychiatric O +outcomes O +for O +patients O +transplanted O +for O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +- O +induced O +acute O +liver O +failure O +: O +a O +case O +- O +control O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Acetaminophen B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hepatotoxicity O +is O +the O +most O +common O +cause O +of O +acute O +liver O +failure O +( O +ALF O +) O +in O +the O +UK O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +often O +consume O +the O +drug O +with O +suicidal O +intent O +or O +with O +a O +background O +of O +substance O +dependence O +. O + +aps B-category +AIMS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +We O +compared O +the O +severity O +of O +pretransplant O +illness O +, O +psychiatric O +co O +- O +morbidity O +, O +medical O +and O +psychosocial O +outcomes O +of O +all O +patients O +who O +had O +undergone O +liver O +transplantation O +( O +LT O +) O +emergently O +between O +1999 O +- O +2004 O +for O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +- O +induced O +ALF O +( O +n O += O +36 O +) O +with O +age O +- O +and O +sex O +- O +matched O +patients O +undergoing O +emergent O +LT O +for O +non O +- O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +- O +induced O +ALF O +( O +n O += O +35 O +) O +and O +elective O +LT O +for O +chronic O +liver O +disease O +( O +CLD O +, O +n O += O +34 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Acetaminophen B-Chemical +- O +induced O +ALF O +patients O +undergoing O +LT O +had O +a O +greater O +severity O +of O +pre O +- O +LT O +illness O +reflected O +by O +higher O +Acute O +Physiology O +and O +Chronic O +Health O +Evaluation O +II O +scores O +and O +requirement O +for O +organ O +support O +compared O +with O +the O +other O +two O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Twenty O +( O +56 O +% O +) O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +- O +induced O +ALF O +patients O +had O +a O +formal O +psychiatric O +diagnosis O +before O +LT O +( O +non O +- O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +- O +induced O +ALF O += O +0 O +/ O +35 O +, O +CLD O += O +2 O +/ O +34 O +; O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +for O +all O +) O +and O +nine O +( O +25 O +% O +) O +had O +a O +previous O +suicide O +attempt O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +follow O +- O +up O +( O +median O +5 O +years O +) O +, O +there O +were O +no O +significant O +differences O +in O +rejection O +( O +acute O +and O +chronic O +) O +, O +graft O +failure O +or O +survival O +between O +the O +groups O +( O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +- O +induced O +ALF O +1 O +year O +87 O +% O +, O +5 O +years O +75 O +% O +; O +non O +- O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +- O +induced O +ALF O +88 O +% O +, O +78 O +% O +; O +CLD O +93 O +% O +, O +82 O +% O +: O +P O +> O +0 O +. O +6 O +log O +rank O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +- O +induced O +ALF O +patients O +reattempted O +suicide O +post O +- O +LT O +( O +one O +died O +8 O +years O +post O +- O +LT O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Despite O +a O +high O +prevalence O +of O +psychiatric O +disturbance O +, O +outcomes O +for O +patients O +transplanted O +emergently O +for O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +- O +induced O +ALF O +were O +comparable O +to O +those O +transplanted O +for O +non O +- O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +- O +induced O +ALF O +and O +electively O +for O +CLD O +. O + +aps B-category +Multidisciplinary O +approaches O +with O +long O +- O +term O +psychiatric O +follow O +- O +up O +may O +contribute O +to O +low O +post O +- O +transplant O +suicide O +rates O +seen O +and O +low O +rates O +of O +graft O +loss O +because O +of O +non O +- O +compliance O +. O + +aps B-category +Antithrombotic O +drug O +use O +, O +cerebral O +microbleeds O +, O +and O +intracerebral O +hemorrhage O +: O +a O +systematic O +review O +of O +published O +and O +unpublished O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +AND O +PURPOSE O +: O +Cerebral O +microbleeds O +( O +MB O +) O +are O +potential O +risk O +factors O +for O +intracerebral O +hemorrhage O +( O +ICH O +) O +, O +but O +it O +is O +unclear O +if O +they O +are O +a O +contraindication O +to O +using O +antithrombotic O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Insights O +could O +be O +gained O +by O +pooling O +data O +on O +MB O +frequency O +stratified O +by O +antithrombotic O +use O +in O +cohorts O +with O +ICH O +and O +ischemic O +stroke O +( O +IS O +) O +/ O +transient O +ischemic O +attack O +( O +TIA O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +We O +performed O +a O +systematic O +review O +of O +published O +and O +unpublished O +data O +from O +cohorts O +with O +stroke O +or O +TIA O +to O +compare O +the O +presence O +of O +MB O +in O +: O +( O +1 O +) O +antithrombotic O +users O +vs O +nonantithrombotic O +users O +with O +ICH O +; O +( O +2 O +) O +antithrombotic O +users O +vs O +nonusers O +with O +IS O +/ O +TIA O +; O +and O +( O +3 O +) O +ICH O +vs O +ischemic O +events O +stratified O +by O +antithrombotic O +use O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +also O +analyzed O +published O +and O +unpublished O +follow O +- O +up O +data O +to O +determine O +the O +risk O +of O +ICH O +in O +antithrombotic O +users O +with O +MB O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +In O +a O +pooled O +analysis O +of O +1460 O +ICH O +and O +3817 O +IS O +/ O +TIA O +, O +MB O +were O +more O +frequent O +in O +ICH O +vs O +IS O +/ O +TIA O +in O +all O +treatment O +groups O +, O +but O +the O +excess O +increased O +from O +2 O +. O +8 O +( O +odds O +ratio O +; O +range O +, O +2 O +. O +3 O +- O +3 O +. O +5 O +) O +in O +nonantithrombotic O +users O +to O +5 O +. O +7 O +( O +range O +, O +3 O +. O +4 O +- O +9 O +. O +7 O +) O +in O +antiplatelet O +users O +and O +8 O +. O +0 O +( O +range O +, O +3 O +. O +5 O +- O +17 O +. O +8 O +) O +in O +warfarin B-Chemical +users O +( O +P O +difference O += O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +also O +an O +excess O +of O +MB O +in O +warfarin B-Chemical +users O +vs O +nonusers O +with O +ICH O +( O +OR O +, O +2 O +. O +7 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +, O +1 O +. O +6 O +- O +4 O +. O +4 O +; O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +but O +none O +in O +warfarin B-Chemical +users O +with O +IS O +/ O +TIA O +( O +OR O +, O +1 O +. O +3 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +, O +0 O +. O +9 O +- O +1 O +. O +7 O +; O +P O += O +0 O +. O +33 O +; O +P O +difference O += O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +a O +smaller O +excess O +of O +MB O +in O +antiplatelet O +users O +vs O +nonusers O +with O +ICH O +( O +OR O +, O +1 O +. O +7 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +, O +1 O +. O +3 O +- O +2 O +. O +3 O +; O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +, O +but O +findings O +were O +similar O +for O +antiplatelet O +users O +with O +IS O +/ O +TIA O +( O +OR O +, O +1 O +. O +4 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +, O +1 O +. O +2 O +- O +1 O +. O +7 O +; O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +; O +P O +difference O += O +0 O +. O +25 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +pooled O +follow O +- O +up O +data O +for O +768 O +antithrombotic O +users O +, O +presence O +of O +MB O +at O +baseline O +was O +associated O +with O +a O +substantially O +increased O +risk O +of O +subsequent O +ICH O +( O +OR O +, O +12 O +. O +1 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +, O +3 O +. O +4 O +- O +42 O +. O +5 O +; O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +The O +excess O +of O +MB O +in O +warfarin B-Chemical +users O +with O +ICH O +compared O +to O +other O +groups O +suggests O +that O +MB O +increase O +the O +risk O +of O +warfarin B-Chemical +- O +associated O +ICH O +. O + +aps B-category +Limited O +prospective O +data O +corroborate O +these O +findings O +, O +but O +larger O +prospective O +studies O +are O +urgently O +required O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +of O +synergy O +between O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +a O +novel O +sodium B-Chemical +channel O +blocker O +, O +CNSB002 B-Chemical +, O +in O +rat O +models O +of O +inflammatory O +and O +neuropathic O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +This O +study O +determined O +the O +antihyperalgesic O +effect O +of O +CNSB002 B-Chemical +, O +a O +sodium B-Chemical +channel O +blocker O +with O +antioxidant O +properties O +given O +alone O +and O +in O +combinations O +with O +morphine B-Chemical +in O +rat O +models O +of O +inflammatory O +and O +neuropathic O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +DESIGN O +: O +Dose O +response O +curves O +for O +nonsedating O +doses O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +CNSB002 B-Chemical +given O +intraperitoneally O +alone O +and O +together O +in O +combinations O +were O +constructed O +for O +antihyperalgesic O +effect O +using O +paw O +withdrawal O +from O +noxious O +heat O +in O +two O +rat O +pain O +models O +: O +carrageenan B-Chemical +- O +induced O +paw O +inflammation O +and O +streptozotocin B-Chemical +( O +STZ B-Chemical +) O +- O +induced O +diabetic O +neuropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +maximum O +nonsedating O +doses O +were O +: O +morphine B-Chemical +, O +3 O +. O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +; O +CNSB002 B-Chemical +10 O +. O +0 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +; O +5 O +. O +0 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +CNSB002 B-Chemical +with O +morphine B-Chemical +3 O +. O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +in O +combination O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +doses O +calculated O +to O +cause O +50 O +% O +reversal O +of O +hyperalgesia O +( O +ED50 O +) O +were O +7 O +. O +54 O +( O +1 O +. O +81 O +) O +and O +4 O +. O +83 O +( O +1 O +. O +54 O +) O +in O +the O +carrageenan B-Chemical +model O +and O +44 O +. O +18 O +( O +1 O +. O +37 O +) O +and O +9 O +. O +14 O +( O +1 O +. O +24 O +) O +in O +the O +STZ B-Chemical +- O +induced O +neuropathy O +model O +for O +CNSB002 B-Chemical +and O +morphine B-Chemical +, O +respectively O +( O +mg O +/ O +kg O +; O +mean O +, O +SEM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +values O +were O +greater O +than O +the O +maximum O +nonsedating O +doses O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ED50 O +values O +for O +morphine B-Chemical +when O +given O +in O +combination O +with O +CNSB002 B-Chemical +( O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +were O +less O +than O +the O +maximum O +nonsedating O +dose O +: O +0 O +. O +56 O +( O +1 O +. O +55 O +) O +in O +the O +carrageenan B-Chemical +model O +and O +1 O +. O +37 O +( O +1 O +. O +23 O +) O +in O +the O +neuropathy O +model O +( O +mg O +/ O +kg O +; O +mean O +, O +SEM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +antinociception O +after O +morphine B-Chemical +( O +3 O +. O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +was O +increased O +by O +co O +- O +administration O +with O +CNSB002 B-Chemical +from O +28 O +. O +0 O +and O +31 O +. O +7 O +% O +to O +114 O +. O +6 O +and O +56 O +. O +9 O +% O +reversal O +of O +hyperalgesia O +in O +the O +inflammatory O +and O +neuropathic O +models O +, O +respectively O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +; O +one O +- O +way O +analysis O +of O +variance O +- O +significantly O +greater O +than O +either O +drug O +given O +alone O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +The O +maximum O +antihyperalgesic O +effect O +achievable O +with O +nonsedating O +doses O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +may O +be O +increased O +significantly O +when O +the O +drug O +is O +used O +in O +combination O +with O +CNSB002 B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thrombocytopenia O +: O +a O +practical O +review O +. O + +aps B-category +Heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thrombocytopenia O +( O +HIT O +) O +remains O +under O +- O +recognized O +despite O +its O +potentially O +devastating O +outcomes O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +begins O +when O +heparin B-Chemical +exposure O +stimulates O +the O +formation O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +- O +platelet O +factor O +4 O +antibodies O +, O +which O +in O +turn O +triggers O +the O +release O +of O +procoagulant O +platelet O +particles O +. O + +aps B-category +Thrombosis O +and O +thrombocytopenia O +that O +follow O +comprise O +the O +2 O +hallmark O +traits O +of O +HIT O +, O +with O +the O +former O +largely O +responsible O +for O +significant O +vascular O +complications O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +prevalence O +of O +HIT O +varies O +among O +several O +subgroups O +, O +with O +greater O +incidence O +in O +surgical O +as O +compared O +with O +medical O +populations O +. O + +aps B-category +HIT O +must O +be O +acknowledged O +for O +its O +intense O +predilection O +for O +thrombosis O +and O +suspected O +whenever O +thrombosis O +occurs O +after O +heparin B-Chemical +exposure O +. O + +aps B-category +Early O +recognition O +that O +incorporates O +the O +clinical O +and O +serologic O +clues O +is O +paramount O +to O +timely O +institution O +of O +treatment O +, O +as O +its O +delay O +may O +result O +in O +catastrophic O +outcomes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +treatment O +of O +HIT O +mandates O +an O +immediate O +cessation O +of O +all O +heparin B-Chemical +exposure O +and O +the O +institution O +of O +an O +antithrombotic O +therapy O +, O +most O +commonly O +using O +a O +direct B-Chemical +thrombin I-Chemical +inhibitor I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Current O +" O +diagnostic O +" O +tests O +, O +which O +primarily O +include O +functional O +and O +antigenic O +assays O +, O +have O +more O +of O +a O +confirmatory O +than O +diagnostic O +role O +in O +the O +management O +of O +HIT O +. O + +aps B-category +Special O +attention O +must O +be O +paid O +to O +cardiac O +patients O +who O +are O +often O +exposed O +to O +heparin B-Chemical +multiple O +times O +during O +their O +course O +of O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Direct B-Chemical +thrombin I-Chemical +inhibitors I-Chemical +are O +appropriate O +, O +evidence O +- O +based O +alternatives O +to O +heparin B-Chemical +in O +patients O +with O +a O +history O +of O +HIT O +, O +who O +need O +to O +undergo O +percutaneous O +coronary O +intervention O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +heparin B-Chemical +remains O +one O +of O +the O +most O +frequently O +used O +medications O +today O +with O +potential O +for O +HIT O +with O +every O +heparin B-Chemical +exposure O +, O +a O +close O +vigilance O +of O +platelet O +counts O +must O +be O +practiced O +whenever O +heparin B-Chemical +is O +initiated O +. O + +aps B-category +Abductor O +paralysis O +after O +botox B-Chemical +injection O +for O +adductor O +spasmodic O +dysphonia O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVES O +/ O +HYPOTHESIS O +: O +Botulinum O +toxin O +( O +Botox B-Chemical +) O +injections O +into O +the O +thyroarytenoid O +muscles O +are O +the O +current O +standard O +of O +care O +for O +adductor O +spasmodic O +dysphonia O +( O +ADSD O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Reported O +adverse O +effects O +include O +a O +period O +of O +breathiness O +, O +throat O +pain O +, O +and O +difficulty O +with O +swallowing O +liquids O +. O + +aps B-category +Here O +we O +report O +multiple O +cases O +of O +bilateral O +abductor O +paralysis O +following O +Botox B-Chemical +injections O +for O +ADSD O +, O +a O +complication O +previously O +unreported O +. O + +aps B-category +STUDY O +DESIGN O +: O +Retrospective O +case O +series O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Patients O +that O +received O +Botox B-Chemical +injections O +for O +spasmodic O +dysphonia O +between O +January O +2000 O +and O +October O +2009 O +were O +evaluated O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +with O +ADSD O +were O +identified O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +number O +of O +treatments O +received O +and O +adverse O +effects O +were O +noted O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +patients O +with O +bilateral O +abductor O +paralysis O +, O +age O +, O +sex O +, O +paralytic O +Botox B-Chemical +dose O +, O +prior O +Botox B-Chemical +dose O +, O +and O +course O +following O +paralysis O +were O +noted O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +From O +a O +database O +of O +452 O +patients O +receiving O +Botox B-Chemical +, O +352 O +patients O +had O +been O +diagnosed O +with O +ADSD O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +these O +352 O +patients O +, O +eight O +patients O +suffered O +bilateral O +abductor O +paralysis O +, O +and O +two O +suffered O +this O +complication O +twice O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +affected O +patients O +were O +females O +over O +the O +age O +of O +50 O +years O +. O + +aps B-category +Most O +patients O +had O +received O +treatments O +prior O +to O +abductor O +paralysis O +and O +continued O +receiving O +after O +paralysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Seven O +patients O +recovered O +after O +a O +brief O +period O +of O +activity O +restrictions O +, O +and O +one O +underwent O +a O +tracheotomy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +abductor O +paralysis O +after O +Botox B-Chemical +injection O +for O +ADSD O +was O +0 O +. O +34 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Bilateral O +abductor O +paralysis O +is O +a O +rare O +complication O +of O +Botox B-Chemical +injections O +for O +ADSD O +, O +causing O +difficulty O +with O +breathing O +upon O +exertion O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +likely O +mechanism O +of O +paralysis O +is O +diffusion O +of O +Botox B-Chemical +around O +the O +muscular O +process O +of O +the O +arytenoid O +to O +the O +posterior O +cricoarytenoid O +muscles O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +paralysis O +is O +temporary O +, O +and O +watchful O +waiting O +with O +restriction O +of O +activity O +is O +the O +recommended O +management O +. O + +aps B-category +Mitochondrial O +impairment O +contributes O +to O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiac O +dysfunction O +: O +Prevention O +by O +the O +targeted O +antioxidant O +MitoQ B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +goal O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +assess O +mitochondrial O +function O +and O +ROS O +production O +in O +an O +experimental O +model O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiac O +dysfunction O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +hypothesized O +that O +cocaine O +abuse O +may O +lead O +to O +altered O +mitochondrial O +function O +that O +in O +turn O +may O +cause O +left O +ventricular O +dysfunction O +. O + +aps B-category +Seven O +days O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +administration O +to O +rats O +led O +to O +an O +increased O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +detected O +in O +cardiac O +fibers O +, O +specifically O +through O +complex O +I O +and O +complex O +III O +. O + +aps B-category +ROS O +levels O +were O +increased O +, O +specifically O +in O +interfibrillar O +mitochondria O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +parallel O +there O +was O +a O +decrease O +in O +ATP B-Chemical +synthesis O +, O +whereas O +no O +difference O +was O +observed O +in O +subsarcolemmal O +mitochondria O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +uncoupling O +effect O +on O +oxidative O +phosphorylation O +was O +not O +detectable O +after O +short O +- O +term O +exposure O +to O +cocaine B-Chemical +, O +suggesting O +that O +these O +mitochondrial O +abnormalities O +were O +a O +late O +rather O +than O +a O +primary O +event O +in O +the O +pathological O +response O +to O +cocaine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +MitoQ B-Chemical +, O +a O +mitochondrial O +- O +targeted O +antioxidant O +, O +was O +shown O +to O +completely O +prevent O +these O +mitochondrial O +abnormalities O +as O +well O +as O +cardiac O +dysfunction O +characterized O +here O +by O +a O +diastolic O +dysfunction O +studied O +with O +a O +conductance O +catheter O +to O +obtain O +pressure O +- O +volume O +data O +. O + +aps B-category +Taken O +together O +, O +these O +results O +extend O +previous O +studies O +and O +demonstrate O +that O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiac O +dysfunction O +may O +be O +due O +to O +a O +mitochondrial O +defect O +. O + +aps B-category +Trimethoprim B-Chemical +- O +induced O +immune O +hemolytic O +anemia O +in O +a O +pediatric O +oncology O +patient O +presenting O +as O +an O +acute O +hemolytic O +transfusion O +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +10 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +male O +with O +acute O +leukemia O +presented O +with O +post O +- O +chemotherapy O +anemia O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +red O +cell O +transfusion O +, O +he O +developed O +hemoglobinuria O +. O + +aps B-category +Transfusion O +reaction O +workup O +was O +negative O +. O + +aps B-category +Drug O +- O +induced O +immune O +hemolytic O +anemia O +was O +suspected O +because O +of O +positive O +direct O +antiglobulin O +test O +, O +negative O +eluate O +, O +and O +microspherocytes O +on O +smear O +pre O +- O +and O +post O +- O +transfusion O +. O + +aps B-category +Drug O +studies O +using O +the O +indirect O +antiglobulin O +test O +were O +strongly O +positive O +with O +trimethoprim B-Chemical +and O +trimethoprim B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sulfamethoxazole I-Chemical +but O +negative O +with O +sulfamethoxazole B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +recovered O +after O +discontinuing O +the O +drug O +, O +with O +no O +recurrence O +in O +2 O +years O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +causes O +of O +anemia O +should O +be O +considered O +in O +patients O +with O +worse O +- O +than O +- O +expected O +anemia O +after O +chemotherapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +hemolysis O +during O +transfusion O +is O +not O +always O +a O +transfusion O +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +Verapamil B-Chemical +stimulation O +test O +in O +hyperprolactinemia O +: O +loss O +of O +prolactin O +response O +in O +anatomic O +or O +functional O +stalk O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +AIM O +: O +Verapamil B-Chemical +stimulation O +test O +was O +previously O +investigated O +as O +a O +tool O +for O +differential O +diagnosis O +of O +hyperprolactinemia O +, O +but O +with O +conflicting O +results O +. O + +aps B-category +Macroprolactinemia O +was O +never O +considered O +in O +those O +previous O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +Here O +, O +we O +aimed O +to O +re O +- O +investigate O +the O +diagnostic O +value O +of O +verapamil B-Chemical +in O +a O +population O +who O +were O +all O +screened O +for O +macroprolactinemia O +. O + +aps B-category +Prolactin O +responses O +to O +verapamil B-Chemical +in O +65 O +female O +patients O +( O +age O +: O +29 O +. O +9 O ++ O +/ O +- O +8 O +. O +1 O +years O +) O +with O +hyperprolactinemia O +were O +tested O +in O +a O +descriptive O +, O +matched O +case O +- O +control O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Verapamil B-Chemical +80 O +mg O +, O +p O +. O +o O +. O +was O +administered O +, O +and O +then O +PRL O +levels O +were O +measured O +at O +8th O +and O +16th O +hours O +, O +by O +immunometric O +chemiluminescence O +. O + +aps B-category +Verapamil B-Chemical +responsiveness O +was O +determined O +by O +peak O +percent O +change O +in O +basal O +prolactin O +levels O +( O +PRL O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Verapamil B-Chemical +significantly O +increased O +PRL O +levels O +in O +healthy O +controls O +( O +N O +. O +8 O +, O +PRL O +: O +183 O +% O +) O +, O +macroprolactinoma O +( O +N O +. O +8 O +, O +PRL O +: O +7 O +% O +) O +, O +microprolactinoma O +( O +N O +. O +19 O +, O +PRL O +: O +21 O +% O +) O +, O +macroprolactinemia O +( O +N O +. O +23 O +, O +PRL O +: O +126 O +% O +) O +, O +but O +not O +in O +pseudoprolactinoma O +( O +N O +. O +8 O +, O +PRL O +: O +0 O +. O +8 O +% O +) O +, O +and O +risperidone B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hyperprolactinemia O +( O +N O +. O +7 O +, O +PRL O +: O +3 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +ROC O +curve O +analysis O +revealed O +that O +unresponsiveness O +to O +verapamil B-Chemical +defined O +as O +PRL O +< O +7 O +% O +, O +discriminated O +anatomical O +or O +functional O +stalk O +effect O +( O +sensitivity O +: O +74 O +% O +, O +specificity O +: O +73 O +% O +, O +AUC O +: O +0 O +. O +855 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +04 O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +, O +CI O +: O +0 O +. O +768 O +- O +0 O +. O +942 O +) O +associated O +with O +pseudoprolactinoma O +or O +risperidone B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hyperprolactinemia O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Verapamil B-Chemical +responsiveness O +is O +not O +a O +reliable O +finding O +for O +the O +differential O +diagnosis O +of O +hyperprolactinemia O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +verapamil B-Chemical +unresponsiveness O +discriminates O +stalk O +effect O +( O +i O +. O +e O +. O +, O +anatomically O +or O +functionally O +inhibited O +dopaminergic O +tonus O +) O +from O +other O +causes O +of O +hyperprolactinemia O +with O +varying O +degrees O +of O +responsiveness O +. O + +aps B-category +Blockade O +of O +endothelial O +- O +mesenchymal O +transition O +by O +a O +Smad3 O +inhibitor O +delays O +the O +early O +development O +of O +streptozotocin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +diabetic O +nephropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +A O +multicenter O +, O +controlled O +trial O +showed O +that O +early O +blockade O +of O +the O +renin O +- O +angiotensin B-Chemical +system O +in O +patients O +with O +type O +1 O +diabetes O +and O +normoalbuminuria O +did O +not O +retard O +the O +progression O +of O +nephropathy O +, O +suggesting O +that O +other O +mechanism O +( O +s O +) O +are O +involved O +in O +the O +pathogenesis O +of O +early O +diabetic O +nephropathy O +( O +diabetic O +nephropathy O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +previously O +demonstrated O +that O +endothelial O +- O +mesenchymal O +- O +transition O +( O +EndoMT O +) O +contributes O +to O +the O +early O +development O +of O +renal O +interstitial O +fibrosis O +independently O +of O +microalbuminuria O +in O +mice O +with O +streptozotocin B-Chemical +( O +STZ B-Chemical +) O +- O +induced O +diabetes O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +present O +study O +, O +we O +hypothesized O +that O +blocking O +EndoMT O +reduces O +the O +early O +development O +of O +diabetic O +nephropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +RESEARCH O +DESIGN O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +EndoMT O +was O +induced O +in O +a O +mouse O +pancreatic O +microvascular O +endothelial O +cell O +line O +( O +MMEC O +) O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +advanced O +glycation O +end O +products O +( O +AGEs O +) O +and O +in O +the O +endothelial O +lineage O +- O +traceble O +mouse O +line O +Tie2 O +- O +Cre O +; O +Loxp O +- O +EGFP O +by O +administration O +of O +AGEs O +, O +with O +nonglycated O +mouse O +albumin O +serving O +as O +a O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +Phosphorylated O +Smad3 O +was O +detected O +by O +immunoprecipitation O +/ O +Western O +blotting O +and O +confocal O +microscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +Blocking O +studies O +using O +receptor O +for O +AGE O +siRNA O +and O +a O +specific O +inhibitor O +of O +Smad3 O +( O +SIS3 O +) O +were O +performed O +in O +MMECs O +and O +in O +STZ B-Chemical +- O +induced O +diabetic O +nephropathy O +in O +Tie2 O +- O +Cre O +; O +Loxp O +- O +EGFP O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Confocal O +microscopy O +and O +real O +- O +time O +PCR O +demonstrated O +that O +AGEs O +induced O +EndoMT O +in O +MMECs O +and O +in O +Tie2 O +- O +Cre O +; O +Loxp O +- O +EGFP O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Immunoprecipitation O +/ O +Western O +blotting O +showed O +that O +Smad3 O +was O +activated O +by O +AGEs O +but O +was O +inhibited O +by O +SIS3 O +in O +MMECs O +and O +in O +STZ B-Chemical +- O +induced O +diabetic O +nephropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Confocal O +microscopy O +and O +real O +- O +time O +PCR O +further O +demonstrated O +that O +SIS3 O +abrogated O +EndoMT O +, O +reduced O +renal O +fibrosis O +, O +and O +retarded O +progression O +of O +nephropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +EndoMT O +is O +a O +novel O +pathway O +leading O +to O +early O +development O +of O +diabetic O +nephropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Blockade O +of O +EndoMT O +by O +SIS3 O +may O +provide O +a O +new O +strategy O +to O +retard O +the O +progression O +of O +diabetic O +nephropathy O +and O +other O +diabetes O +complications O +. O + +aps B-category +Cytostatic O +and O +anti O +- O +angiogenic O +effects O +of O +temsirolimus B-Chemical +in O +refractory O +mantle O +cell O +lymphoma O +. O + +aps B-category +Mantle O +cell O +lymphoma O +( O +MCL O +) O +is O +a O +rare O +and O +aggressive O +type O +of O +B O +- O +cell O +non O +- O +Hodgkin O +' O +s O +lymphoma O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +become O +progressively O +refractory O +to O +conventional O +chemotherapy O +, O +and O +their O +prognosis O +is O +poor O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +a O +38 O +% O +remission O +rate O +has O +been O +recently O +reported O +in O +refractory O +MCL O +treated O +with O +temsirolimus B-Chemical +, O +a O +mTOR O +inhibitor O +. O +Here O +we O +had O +the O +opportunity O +to O +study O +a O +case O +of O +refractory O +MCL O +who O +had O +tumor O +regression O +two O +months O +after O +temsirolimus B-Chemical +treatment O +, O +and O +a O +progression O +- O +free O +survival O +of O +10 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +case O +, O +lymph O +node O +biopsies O +were O +performed O +before O +and O +six O +months O +after O +temsirolimus B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +the O +two O +biopsies O +showed O +that O +temsirolimus B-Chemical +inhibited O +tumor O +cell O +proliferation O +through O +cell O +cycle O +arrest O +, O +but O +did O +not O +induce O +any O +change O +in O +the O +number O +of O +apoptotic O +tumor O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Apart O +from O +this O +cytostatic O +effect O +, O +temsirolimus B-Chemical +had O +an O +antiangiogenic O +effect O +with O +decrease O +of O +tumor O +microvessel O +density O +and O +of O +VEGF O +expression O +. O + +aps B-category +Moreover O +, O +numerous O +patchy O +, O +well O +- O +limited O +fibrotic O +areas O +, O +compatible O +with O +post O +- O +necrotic O +tissue O +repair O +, O +were O +found O +after O +6 O +- O +month O +temsirolimus B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +temsirolimus B-Chemical +reduced O +tumor O +burden O +through O +associated O +cytostatic O +and O +anti O +- O +angiogenic O +effects O +. O +This O +dual O +effect O +of O +temsirolimus B-Chemical +on O +tumor O +tissue O +could O +contribute O +to O +its O +recently O +reported O +efficiency O +in O +refractory O +MCL O +resistant O +to O +conventional O +chemotherapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +renal O +failure O +due O +to O +rifampicin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +23 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +male O +patient O +with O +bacteriologically O +proven O +pulmonary O +tuberculosis O +was O +treated O +with O +the O +various O +regimens O +of O +antituberculosis O +drugs O +for O +nearly O +15 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +Rifampicin B-Chemical +was O +administered O +thrice O +as O +one O +of O +the O +3 O +- O +4 O +drug O +regimen O +and O +each O +time O +he O +developed O +untoward O +side O +effects O +like O +nausea O +, O +vomiting O +and O +fever O +with O +chills O +and O +rigors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +last O +such O +episode O +was O +of O +acute O +renal O +failure O +at O +which O +stage O +the O +patient O +was O +seen O +by O +the O +authors O +of O +this O +report O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +, O +however O +, O +made O +a O +full O +recovery O +. O + +aps B-category +Syncope O +caused O +by O +hyperkalemia O +during O +use O +of O +a O +combined O +therapy O +with O +the O +angiotensin B-Chemical +- O +converting O +enzyme O +inhibitor O +and O +spironolactone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +76 O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +with O +a O +history O +of O +coronary O +artery O +bypass O +grafting O +and O +prior O +myocardial O +infarction O +was O +transferred O +to O +the O +emergency O +room O +with O +loss O +of O +consciousness O +due O +to O +marked O +bradycardia O +caused O +by O +hyperkalemia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +concentration O +of O +serum O +potassium B-Chemical +was O +high O +, O +and O +normal O +sinus O +rhythm O +was O +restored O +after O +correction O +of O +the O +serum O +potassium B-Chemical +level O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cause O +of O +hyperkalemia O +was O +considered O +to O +be O +several O +doses O +of O +spiranolactone B-Chemical +, O +an O +aldosterone B-Chemical +antagonist O +, O +in O +addition O +to O +the O +long O +- O +term O +intake O +of O +ramipril B-Chemical +, O +an O +ACE O +inhibitor O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +case O +is O +a O +good O +example O +of O +electrolyte O +imbalance O +causing O +acute O +life O +- O +threatening O +cardiac O +events O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinicians O +should O +be O +alert O +to O +the O +possibility O +of O +hyperkalemia O +, O +especially O +in O +elderly O +patients O +using O +ACE O +/ O +ARB O +in O +combination O +with O +potassium B-Chemical +sparing O +agents O +and O +who O +have O +mild O +renal O +disturbance O +. O + +aps B-category +Diffuse O +skeletal O +pain O +after O +administration O +of O +alendronate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Osteoporosis O +is O +caused O +by O +bone O +resorption O +in O +excess O +of O +bone O +formation O +, O +and O +bisphosphonates B-Chemical +, O +are O +used O +to O +inhibit O +bone O +resorption O +. O + +aps B-category +Alendronate B-Chemical +, O +a O +biphosphonate B-Chemical +, O +is O +effective O +for O +both O +the O +treatment O +and O +prevention O +of O +osteoporosis O +in O +postmenopausal O +women O +. O + +aps B-category +Side O +effects O +are O +relatively O +few O +and O +prominently O +gastrointestinal O +. O + +aps B-category +Musculoskeletal O +pain O +may O +be O +an O +important O +side O +effect O +in O +these O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +presented O +a O +patient O +admitted O +to O +our O +out O +- O +patient O +clinic O +with O +diffuse O +skeletal O +pain O +after O +three O +consecutive O +administration O +of O +alendronate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +We O +conclude O +that O +patients O +with O +osteoporosis O +can O +report O +pain O +, O +and O +bisphosphonate B-Chemical +- O +related O +pain O +should O +also O +be O +considered O +before O +ascribing O +this O +complaint O +to O +osteoporosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Cerebrospinal O +fluid O +penetration O +of O +high O +- O +dose O +daptomycin B-Chemical +in O +suspected O +Staphylococcus O +aureus O +meningitis O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +report O +a O +case O +of O +methicillin B-Chemical +- O +sensitive O +Staphylococcus O +aureus O +( O +MSSA O +) O +bacteremia O +with O +suspected O +MSSA O +meningitis O +treated O +with O +high O +- O +dose O +daptomycin B-Chemical +assessed O +with O +concurrent O +serum O +and O +cerebrospinal O +fluid O +( O +CSF O +) O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +CASE O +SUMMARY O +: O +A O +54 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +male O +presented O +to O +the O +emergency O +department O +with O +generalized O +weakness O +and O +presumed O +health O +- O +care O +- O +associated O +pneumonia O +shown O +on O +chest O +radiograph O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +was O +empirically O +initiated O +with O +vancomycin B-Chemical +, O +levofloxacin B-Chemical +, O +and O +piperacillin B-Chemical +/ O +tazobactam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Blood O +cultures O +revealed O +S O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +experienced O +relapsing O +MSSA O +bacteremia O +on O +day O +9 O +, O +increasing O +the O +suspicion O +for O +a O +central O +nervous O +system O +( O +CNS O +) O +infection O +. O + +aps B-category +Nafcillin B-Chemical +was O +discontinued O +and O +daptomycin B-Chemical +9 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +daily O +was O +initiated O +for O +suspected O +meningitis O +and O +was O +continued O +until O +the O +patient O +' O +s O +death O +on O +day O +16 O +. O + +aps B-category +Daptomycin B-Chemical +serum O +and O +CSF O +trough O +concentrations O +were O +11 O +. O +21 O +ug O +/ O +mL O +and O +0 O +. O +52 O +ug O +/ O +mL O +, O +respectively O +, O +prior O +to O +the O +third O +dose O +. O + +aps B-category +Lumbar O +puncture O +results O +were O +inconclusive O +and O +no O +further O +blood O +cultures O +were O +positive O +for O +MSSA O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Further O +clinical O +evaluation O +in O +patients O +with O +confirmed O +meningitis O +is O +warranted O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +nitric B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +in O +convulsions O +induced O +by O +lindane B-Chemical +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Lindane B-Chemical +is O +an O +organochloride O +pesticide O +and O +scabicide O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +evokes O +convulsions O +mainly O +trough O +the O +blockage O +of O +GABA B-Chemical +( O +A O +) O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Nitric B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +( O +NO B-Chemical +) O +, O +gaseous O +neurotransmitter O +, O +has O +contradictor O +role O +in O +epileptogenesis O +due O +to O +opposite O +effects O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +, O +precursor O +of O +NO B-Chemical +syntheses O +( O +NOS O +) O +, O +and O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +NAME I-Chemical +( O +NOS O +inhibitor O +) O +observed O +in O +different O +epilepsy O +models O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +the O +current O +study O +was O +to O +determine O +the O +effects O +of O +NO B-Chemical +on O +the O +behavioral O +and O +EEG O +characteristics O +of O +lindane B-Chemical +- O +induced O +epilepsy O +in O +male O +Wistar O +albino O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +administration O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +( O +600 O +, O +800 O +and O +1000 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +in O +dose O +- O +dependent O +manner O +significantly O +increased O +convulsion O +incidence O +and O +severity O +and O +shortened O +latency O +time O +to O +first O +convulsion O +elicited O +by O +lower O +lindane B-Chemical +dose O +( O +4 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +contrary O +, O +pretreatment O +with O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +NAME I-Chemical +( O +500 O +, O +700 O +and O +900 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +decreased O +convulsion O +incidence O +and O +severity O +and O +prolonged O +latency O +time O +to O +convulsion O +following O +injection O +with O +a O +convulsive O +dose O +of O +lindane B-Chemical +( O +8 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +spite O +of O +the O +fact O +that O +TSPA B-Chemical +is O +a O +useful O +IT O +agent O +, O +its O +combination O +with O +MTX B-Chemical +, O +ara B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +C I-Chemical +and O +radiotherapy O +could O +cause O +severe O +neurotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +unexpected O +complication O +indicates O +the O +need O +for O +further O +toxicology O +research O +on O +IT O +- O +TSPA B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +cromakalim B-Chemical +and O +pinacidil B-Chemical +on O +large O +epicardial O +and O +small O +coronary O +arteries O +in O +conscious O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +i O +. O +v O +. O +bolus O +administration O +of O +cromakalim B-Chemical +( O +1 O +- O +10 O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +) O +and O +pinacidil B-Chemical +( O +3 O +- O +100 O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +) O +on O +large O +( O +circumflex O +artery O +) O +and O +small O +coronary O +arteries O +and O +on O +systemic O +hemodynamics O +were O +investigated O +in O +chronically O +instrumented O +conscious O +dogs O +and O +compared O +to O +those O +of O +nitroglycerin B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +03 O +- O +10 O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Nitroglycerin B-Chemical +, O +up O +to O +0 O +. O +3 O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +, O +selectively O +increased O +circumflex O +artery O +diameter O +( O +CxAD O +) O +without O +simultaneously O +affecting O +any O +other O +cardiac O +or O +systemic O +hemodynamic O +parameter O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast O +, O +cromakalim B-Chemical +and O +pinacidil B-Chemical +at O +all O +doses O +and O +nitroglycerin B-Chemical +at O +doses O +higher O +than O +0 O +. O +3 O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +simultaneously O +and O +dose O +- O +dependently O +increased O +CxAD O +, O +coronary O +blood O +flow O +and O +heart O +rate O +and O +decreased O +coronary O +vascular O +resistance O +and O +aortic O +pressure O +. O + +aps B-category +Cromakalim B-Chemical +was O +approximately O +8 O +- O +to O +9 O +. O +5 O +- O +fold O +more O +potent O +than O +pinacidil B-Chemical +in O +increasing O +CxAD O +. O + +aps B-category +Vasodilation O +of O +large O +and O +small O +coronary O +vessels O +and O +hypotension O +induced O +by O +cromakalim B-Chemical +and O +pinacidil B-Chemical +were O +not O +affected O +by O +prior O +combined O +beta B-Chemical +adrenergic I-Chemical +and I-Chemical +muscarinic I-Chemical +receptors I-Chemical +blockade I-Chemical +but O +drug O +- O +induced O +tachycardia O +was O +abolished O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +circumflex O +artery O +blood O +flow O +was O +maintained O +constant O +, O +the O +increases O +in O +CxAD O +induced O +by O +cromakalim B-Chemical +( O +10 O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +) O +, O +pinacidil B-Chemical +( O +30 O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +) O +and O +nitroglycerin B-Chemical +( O +10 O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +) O +were O +reduced O +by O +68 O ++ O +/ O +- O +7 O +, O +54 O ++ O +/ O +- O +9 O +and O +1 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +% O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +whereas O +nitroglycerin B-Chemical +preferentially O +and O +flow O +- O +independently O +dilates O +large O +coronary O +arteries O +, O +cromakalim B-Chemical +and O +pinacidil B-Chemical +dilate O +both O +large O +and O +small O +coronary O +arteries O +and O +this O +effect O +is O +not O +dependent O +upon O +the O +simultaneous O +beta O +adrenoceptors O +- O +mediated O +rise O +in O +myocardial O +metabolic O +demand O +. O + +aps B-category +Finally O +, O +two O +mechanisms O +at O +least O +, O +direct O +vasodilation O +and O +flow O +dependency O +, O +are O +involved O +in O +the O +cromakalim B-Chemical +- O +and O +pinacidil B-Chemical +- O +induced O +increase O +in O +CxAD O +. O + +aps B-category +Mefenamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- O +induced O +neutropenia O +and O +renal O +failure O +in O +elderly O +females O +with O +hypothyroidism O +. 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O +0 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +) O +, O +patients O +in O +the O +hypercalcemic O +group O +exhibited O +a O +significant O +increase O +in O +the O +mean O +calcium B-Chemical +concentration O +obtained O +during O +6 O +months O +before O +the O +switch O +, O +compared O +with O +the O +mean O +value O +obtained O +during O +the O +7 O +months O +of O +observation O +after O +the O +switch O +( O +2 O +. O +4 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +03 O +to O +2 O +. O +5 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +03 O +mmol O +/ O +L O +[ O +9 O +. O +7 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +2 O +to O +10 O +. O +2 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +1 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +] O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +006 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast O +, O +eucalcemic O +patients O +exhibited O +no O +change O +in O +mean O +calcium B-Chemical +values O +over O +the O +same O +time O +period O +( O +2 O +. O +3 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +05 O +to O +2 O +. O +3 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +05 O +mmol O +/ O +L O +[ O +9 O +. O +2 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +2 O +to O +9 O +. O +2 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +2 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +] O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CaCO3 B-Chemical +dosage O +, O +calculated O +dietary O +calcium B-Chemical +intake O +, O +and O +circulating O +levels O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +D I-Chemical +metabolites O +were O +similar O +in O +both O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Physical O +activity O +index O +and O +predialysis O +serum O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +levels O +also O +were O +similar O +in O +both O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +there O +was O +a O +significant O +difference O +in O +parameters O +reflecting O +bone O +turnover O +rates O +between O +groups O +. O +( O +ABSTRACT O +TRUNCATED O +AT O +250 O +WORDS O +) O + +aps B-category +Late O +- O +onset O +scleroderma O +renal O +crisis O +induced O +by O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +and O +prednisolone B-Chemical +: O +a O +case O +report O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +boy O +had O +been O +treated O +with O +intravenous O +methyldopa B-Chemical +during O +a O +trauma O +admission O +seven O +weeks O +prior O +to O +presentation O +. O + +aps B-category +Evaluation O +revealed O +a O +hemoglobin O +of O +three O +grams O +, O +3 O ++ O +Coombs O +' O +test O +with O +polyspecific O +anti O +- O +human O +globulin O +and O +monospecific O +IgG O +reagents O +, O +and O +a O +warm O +reacting O +autoantibody O +. O + +aps B-category +Transfusion O +and O +corticosteroid B-Chemical +therapy O +resulted O +in O +a O +complete O +recovery O +of O +the O +patient O +. O + +aps B-category +Emergency O +physicians O +treating O +children O +must O +be O +aware O +of O +this O +syndrome O +in O +order O +to O +diagnose O +and O +treat O +it O +correctly O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +brief O +review O +of O +autoimmune O +and O +drug O +- O +induced O +hemolytic O +anemias O +is O +provided O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +risk O +and O +associated O +factors O +of O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +psychosis O +in O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +- O +dependent O +patients O +in O +Malaysia O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +The O +objective O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +determine O +the O +risk O +of O +lifetime O +and O +current O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +psychosis O +in O +patients O +with O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +dependence O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +association O +between O +psychiatric O +co O +- O +morbidity O +and O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +psychosis O +was O +also O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +This O +was O +a O +cross O +- O +sectional O +study O +conducted O +concurrently O +at O +a O +teaching O +hospital O +and O +a O +drug O +rehabilitation O +center O +in O +Malaysia O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +with O +the O +diagnosis O +of O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +based O +on O +DSM O +- O +IV O +were O +interviewed O +using O +the O +Mini O +International O +Neuropsychiatric O +Interview O +( O +M O +. O +I O +. O +N O +. O +I O +. O +) O +for O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +psychosis O +and O +other O +Axis O +I O +psychiatric O +disorders O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +information O +on O +sociodemographic O +background O +and O +drug O +use O +history O +was O +obtained O +from O +interview O +or O +medical O +records O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Of O +292 O +subjects O +, O +47 O +. O +9 O +% O +of O +the O +subjects O +had O +a O +past O +history O +of O +psychotic O +symptoms O +and O +13 O +. O +0 O +% O +of O +the O +patients O +were O +having O +current O +psychotic O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +Co O +- O +morbid O +major O +depressive O +disorder O +( O +OR O += O +7 O +. O +18 O +, O +95 O +CI O += O +2 O +. O +612 O +- O +19 O +. O +708 O +) O +, O +bipolar O +disorder O +( O +OR O += O +13 O +. O +807 O +, O +95 O +CI O += O +5 O +. O +194 O +- O +36 O +. O +706 O +) O +, O +antisocial O +personality O +disorder O +( O +OR O += O +12 O +. O +619 O +, O +95 O +CI O += O +6 O +. O +702 O +- O +23 O +. O +759 O +) O +and O +heavy O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +uses O +were O +significantly O +associated O +with O +lifetime O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +psychosis O +after O +adjusted O +for O +other O +factors O +. O + +aps B-category +Major O +depressive O +disorder O +( O +OR O += O +2 O +. O +870 O +, O +CI O += O +1 O +. O +154 O +- O +7 O +. O +142 O +) O +and O +antisocial O +personality O +disorder O +( O +OR O += O +3 O +. O +299 O +, O +95 O +CI O += O +1 O +. O +375 O +- O +7 O +. O +914 O +) O +were O +the O +only O +factors O +associated O +with O +current O +psychosis O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +There O +was O +a O +high O +risk O +of O +psychosis O +in O +patients O +with O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +dependence O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +associated O +with O +co O +- O +morbid O +affective O +disorder O +, O +antisocial O +personality O +, O +and O +heavy O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +use O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +recommended O +that O +all O +cases O +of O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +dependence O +should O +be O +screened O +for O +psychotic O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +Cerebellar O +sensory O +processing O +alterations O +impact O +motor O +cortical O +plasticity O +in O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +: O +clues O +from O +dyskinetic O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +plasticity O +of O +primary O +motor O +cortex O +( O +M1 O +) O +in O +patients O +with O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +( O +PD O +) O +and O +levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +dyskinesias O +( O +LIDs O +) O +is O +severely O +impaired O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +recently O +reported O +in O +young O +healthy O +subjects O +that O +inhibitory O +cerebellar O +stimulation O +enhanced O +the O +sensorimotor O +plasticity O +of O +M1 O +that O +was O +induced O +by O +paired O +associative O +stimulation O +( O +PAS O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +demonstrates O +that O +the O +deficient O +sensorimotor O +M1 O +plasticity O +in O +16 O +patients O +with O +LIDs O +could O +be O +reinstated O +by O +a O +single O +session O +of O +real O +inhibitory O +cerebellar O +stimulation O +but O +not O +sham O +stimulation O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +was O +evident O +only O +when O +a O +sensory O +component O +was O +involved O +in O +the O +induction O +of O +plasticity O +, O +indicating O +that O +cerebellar O +sensory O +processing O +function O +is O +involved O +in O +the O +resurgence O +of O +M1 O +plasticity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +benefit O +of O +inhibitory O +cerebellar O +stimulation O +on O +LIDs O +is O +known O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +explore O +whether O +this O +benefit O +is O +linked O +to O +the O +restoration O +of O +sensorimotor O +plasticity O +of O +M1 O +, O +we O +conducted O +an O +additional O +study O +looking O +at O +changes O +in O +LIDs O +and O +PAS O +- O +induced O +plasticity O +after O +10 O +sessions O +of O +either O +bilateral O +, O +real O +inhibitory O +cerebellar O +stimulation O +or O +sham O +stimulation O +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +real O +and O +not O +sham O +stimulation O +had O +an O +antidyskinetic O +effect O +and O +it O +was O +paralleled O +by O +a O +resurgence O +in O +the O +sensorimotor O +plasticity O +of O +M1 O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +alterations O +in O +cerebellar O +sensory O +processing O +function O +, O +occurring O +secondary O +to O +abnormal O +basal O +ganglia O +signals O +reaching O +it O +, O +may O +be O +an O +important O +element O +contributing O +to O +the O +maladaptive O +sensorimotor O +plasticity O +of O +M1 O +and O +the O +emergence O +of O +abnormal O +involuntary O +movements O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +long O +- O +term O +safety O +of O +danazol B-Chemical +in O +women O +with O +hereditary O +angioedema O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +the O +short O +- O +term O +safety O +( O +less O +than O +or O +equal O +to O +6 O +months O +) O +of O +danazol B-Chemical +has O +been O +established O +in O +a O +variety O +of O +settings O +, O +no O +information O +exists O +as O +to O +its O +long O +- O +term O +safety O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +therefore O +investigated O +the O +long O +- O +term O +safety O +of O +danazol B-Chemical +by O +performing O +a O +retrospective O +chart O +review O +of O +60 O +female O +patients O +with O +hereditary O +angioedema O +treated O +with O +danazol B-Chemical +for O +a O +continuous O +period O +of O +6 O +months O +or O +longer O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +age O +of O +the O +patients O +was O +35 O +. O +2 O +years O +and O +the O +mean O +duration O +of O +therapy O +was O +59 O +. O +7 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +Virtually O +all O +patients O +experienced O +one O +or O +more O +adverse O +reactions O +. O + +aps B-category +Menstrual O +abnormalities O +( O +79 O +% O +) O +, O +weight O +gain O +( O +60 O +% O +) O +, O +muscle O +cramps O +/ O +myalgias O +( O +40 O +% O +) O +, O +and O +transaminase O +elevations O +( O +40 O +% O +) O +were O +the O +most O +common O +adverse O +reactions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +drug O +was O +discontinued O +due O +to O +adverse O +reactions O +in O +8 O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +patient O +has O +died O +or O +suffered O +any O +apparent O +long O +- O +term O +sequelae O +that O +were O +directly O +attributable O +to O +the O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +, O +despite O +a O +relatively O +high O +incidence O +of O +adverse O +reactions O +, O +danazol B-Chemical +has O +proven O +to O +be O +remarkably O +safe O +over O +the O +long O +- O +term O +in O +this O +group O +of O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +function O +of O +P2X3 O +receptor O +and O +NK1 O +receptor O +antagonists O +on O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cystitis O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +The O +purpose O +of O +the O +study O +is O +to O +explore O +the O +function O +of O +P2X3 O +and O +NK1 O +receptors O +antagonists O +on O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +( O +CYP B-Chemical +) O +- O +induced O +cystitis O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Sixty O +female O +Sprague O +- O +Dawley O +( O +SD O +) O +rats O +were O +randomly O +divided O +into O +three O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rats O +in O +the O +control O +group O +were O +intraperitoneally O +( O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +injected O +with O +0 O +. O +9 O +% O +saline O +( O +4 O +ml O +/ O +kg O +) O +; O +the O +rats O +in O +the O +model O +group O +were O +i O +. O +p O +. O +injected O +with O +CYP B-Chemical +( O +150 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +; O +and O +the O +rats O +in O +the O +intervention O +group O +were O +i O +. O +p O +. O +injected O +with O +CYP B-Chemical +with O +subsequently O +perfusion O +of O +bladder O +with O +P2X3 O +and O +NK1 O +receptors O +' O +antagonists O +, O +Suramin B-Chemical +and O +GR B-Chemical +82334 I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Spontaneous O +pain O +behaviors O +following O +the O +administration O +of O +CYP B-Chemical +were O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +Urodynamic O +parameters O +, O +bladder O +pressure O +- O +volume O +curve O +, O +maximum O +voiding O +pressure O +( O +MVP O +) O +, O +and O +maximum O +cystometric O +capacity O +( O +MCC O +) O +, O +were O +recorded O +. O + +aps B-category +Pathological O +changes O +in O +bladder O +tissue O +were O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +Immunofluorescence O +was O +used O +to O +detect O +the O +expression O +of O +P2X3 O +and O +NK1 O +receptors O +in O +bladder O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +treatment O +increased O +the O +spontaneous O +pain O +behaviors O +scores O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +bladder O +instability O +during O +urine O +storage O +period O +of O +model O +group O +was O +significantly O +higher O +than O +intervention O +group O +( O +X O +( O +2 O +) O += O +7 O +. O +619 O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +007 O +) O +and O +control O +group O +( O +X O +( O +2 O +) O += O +13 O +. O +755 O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +000 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +MCC O +in O +the O +model O +group O +was O +lower O +than O +the O +control O +and O +intervention O +groups O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Histological O +changes O +evident O +in O +model O +and O +intervention O +groups O +rats O +' O +bladder O +included O +edema O +, O +vasodilation O +, O +and O +infiltration O +of O +inflammatory O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +model O +group O +, O +the O +expression O +of O +P2X3 O +receptor O +increased O +in O +urothelium O +and O +suburothelium O +, O +and O +NK1 O +receptor O +increased O +in O +suburothelium O +, O +while O +the O +expression O +of O +them O +in O +intervention O +group O +was O +lower O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +In O +CYP B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cystitis O +, O +the O +expression O +of O +P2X3 O +and O +NK1 O +receptors O +increased O +in O +urothelium O +and O +/ O +or O +suburothelium O +. O + +aps B-category +Perfusion O +of O +bladder O +with O +P2X3 O +and O +NK1 O +receptors O +antagonists O +ameliorated O +the O +bladder O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +Patient O +tolerance O +study O +of O +topical O +chlorhexidine B-Chemical +diphosphanilate I-Chemical +: O +a O +new O +topical O +agent O +for O +burns O +. O + +aps B-category +Effective O +topical O +antimicrobial O +agents O +decrease O +infection O +and O +mortality O +in O +burn O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Chlorhexidine B-Chemical +phosphanilate I-Chemical +( O +CHP B-Chemical +) O +, O +a O +new O +broad O +- O +spectrum O +antimicrobial O +agent O +, O +has O +been O +evaluated O +as O +a O +topical O +burn O +wound O +dressing O +in O +cream O +form O +, O +but O +preliminary O +clinical O +trials O +reported O +that O +it O +was O +painful O +upon O +application O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +compared O +various O +concentrations O +of O +CHP B-Chemical +to O +determine O +if O +a O +tolerable O +concentration O +could O +be O +identified O +with O +retention O +of O +antimicrobial O +efficacy O +. O + +aps B-category +Twenty O +- O +nine O +burn O +patients O +, O +each O +with O +two O +similar O +burns O +which O +could O +be O +separately O +treated O +, O +were O +given O +pairs O +of O +treatments O +at O +successive O +12 O +- O +h O +intervals O +over O +a O +3 O +- O +day O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +burn O +site O +was O +treated O +with O +each O +of O +four O +different O +CHP B-Chemical +concentrations O +, O +from O +0 O +. O +25 O +per O +cent O +to O +2 O +per O +cent O +, O +their O +vehicle O +, O +and O +1 O +per O +cent O +silver B-Chemical +sulphadiazine I-Chemical +( O +AgSD B-Chemical +) O +cream O +, O +an O +antimicrobial O +agent O +frequently O +used O +for O +topical O +treatment O +of O +burn O +wounds O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +other O +site O +was O +always O +treated O +with O +AgSD B-Chemical +cream O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +a O +direct O +relationship O +between O +CHP B-Chemical +concentration O +and O +patients O +' O +ratings O +of O +pain O +on O +an O +analogue O +scale O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +0 O +. O +25 O +per O +cent O +CHP B-Chemical +cream O +was O +closest O +to O +AgSD B-Chemical +in O +pain O +tolerance O +; O +however O +, O +none O +of O +the O +treatments O +differed O +statistically O +from O +AgSD B-Chemical +or O +from O +each O +other O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +ease O +of O +application O +of O +CHP B-Chemical +creams O +was O +less O +satisfactory O +than O +that O +of O +AgSD B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +concluded O +that O +formulations O +at O +or O +below O +0 O +. O +5 O +per O +cent O +CHP B-Chemical +may O +prove O +acceptable O +for O +wound O +care O +, O +but O +the O +vehicle O +system O +needs O +pharmaceutical O +improvement O +to O +render O +it O +more O +tolerable O +and O +easier O +to O +use O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +hepatitis O +associated O +with O +clopidogrel B-Chemical +: O +a O +case O +report O +and O +review O +of O +the O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +Drug O +- O +induced O +hepatotoxicity O +is O +a O +common O +cause O +of O +acute O +hepatitis O +, O +and O +the O +recognition O +of O +the O +responsible O +drug O +may O +be O +difficult O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +a O +case O +of O +clopidogrel B-Chemical +- O +related O +acute O +hepatitis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +diagnosis O +is O +strongly O +suggested O +by O +an O +accurate O +medical O +history O +and O +liver O +biopsy O +. O + +aps B-category +Reports O +about O +cases O +of O +hepatotoxicity O +due O +to O +clopidogrel B-Chemical +are O +increasing O +in O +the O +last O +few O +years O +, O +after O +the O +increased O +use O +of O +this O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +conclusion O +, O +we O +believe O +that O +physicians O +should O +carefully O +consider O +the O +risk O +of O +drug O +- O +induced O +hepatic O +injury O +when O +clopidogrel B-Chemical +is O +prescribed O +. O + +aps B-category +Bortezomib B-Chemical +and O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +as O +salvage O +therapy O +in O +patients O +with O +relapsed O +/ O +refractory O +multiple O +myeloma O +: O +analysis O +of O +long O +- O +term O +clinical O +outcomes O +. O + +aps B-category +Bortezomib B-Chemical +( O +bort B-Chemical +) O +- O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +( O +dex B-Chemical +) O +is O +an O +effective O +therapy O +for O +relapsed O +/ O +refractory O +( O +R O +/ O +R O +) O +multiple O +myeloma O +( O +MM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +retrospective O +study O +investigated O +the O +combination O +of O +bort B-Chemical +( O +1 O +. O +3 O +mg O +/ O +m O +( O +2 O +) O +on O +days O +1 O +, O +4 O +, O +8 O +, O +and O +11 O +every O +3 O +weeks O +) O +and O +dex B-Chemical +( O +20 O +mg O +on O +the O +day O +of O +and O +the O +day O +after O +bort B-Chemical +) O +as O +salvage O +treatment O +in O +85 O +patients O +with O +R O +/ O +R O +MM O +after O +prior O +autologous O +stem O +cell O +transplantation O +or O +conventional O +chemotherapy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +median O +number O +of O +prior O +lines O +of O +therapy O +was O +2 O +. O + +aps B-category +Eighty O +- O +seven O +percent O +of O +the O +patients O +had O +received O +immunomodulatory O +drugs O +included O +in O +some O +line O +of O +therapy O +before O +bort B-Chemical +- O +dex B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +median O +number O +of O +bort B-Chemical +- O +dex B-Chemical +cycles O +was O +6 O +, O +up O +to O +a O +maximum O +of O +12 O +cycles O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +an O +intention O +- O +to O +- O +treat O +basis O +, O +55 O +% O +of O +the O +patients O +achieved O +at O +least O +partial O +response O +, O +including O +19 O +% O +CR O +and O +35 O +% O +achieved O +at O +least O +very O +good O +partial O +response O +. O + +aps B-category +Median O +durations O +of O +response O +, O +time O +to O +next O +therapy O +and O +treatment O +- O +free O +interval O +were O +8 O +, O +11 O +. O +2 O +, O +and O +5 O +. O +1 O +months O +, O +respectively O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Of O +the O +407 O +Yellow O +Card O +records O +analysed O +, O +106 O +satisfied O +criteria O +for O +TDF B-Chemical +- O +related O +kidney O +disease O +, O +of O +which O +53 O +( O +50 O +% O +) O +had O +features O +of O +kidney O +tubular O +dysfunction O +, O +35 O +( O +33 O +% O +) O +were O +found O +to O +have O +features O +of O +glomerular O +dysfunction O +and O +18 O +( O +17 O +% O +) O +had O +Fanconi O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +median O +TDF B-Chemical +exposure O +was O +316 O +days O +( O +interquartile O +range O +120 O +- O +740 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +hospitalisation O +for O +TDF B-Chemical +kidney O +adverse O +effects O +was O +high O +, O +particularly O +amongst O +patients O +with O +features O +of O +Fanconi O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pattern O +of O +kidney O +syndromes O +in O +this O +population O +series O +mirrors O +that O +reported O +in O +randomised O +clinical O +trials O +. O + +aps B-category +Cessation O +of O +TDF B-Chemical +was O +associated O +with O +complete O +restoration O +of O +kidney O +function O +in O +up O +half O +of O +the O +patients O +in O +this O +report O +. O + +aps B-category +Incidence O +of O +postoperative O +delirium O +is O +high O +even O +in O +a O +population O +without O +known O +risk O +factors O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +Postoperative O +delirium O +is O +a O +recognized O +complication O +in O +populations O +at O +risk O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +this O +study O +is O +to O +assess O +the O +prevalence O +of O +early O +postoperative O +delirium O +in O +a O +population O +without O +known O +risk O +factors O +admitted O +to O +the O +ICU O +for O +postoperative O +monitoring O +after O +elective O +major O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +secondary O +outcome O +investigated O +is O +to O +identify O +eventual O +independent O +risk O +factors O +among O +demographic O +data O +and O +anesthetic O +drugs O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +An O +observational O +, O +prospective O +study O +was O +conducted O +on O +a O +consecutive O +cohort O +of O +patients O +admitted O +to O +our O +ICU O +within O +and O +for O +at O +least O +24 O +h O +after O +major O +surgical O +procedures O +. O + +aps B-category +Exclusion O +criteria O +were O +any O +preexisting O +predisposing O +factor O +for O +delirium O +or O +other O +potentially O +confounding O +neurological O +dysfunctions O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +were O +assessed O +daily O +using O +the O +confusion O +assessment O +method O +for O +the O +ICU O +scale O +for O +3 O +days O +after O +the O +surgical O +procedure O +. O + +aps B-category +Early O +postoperative O +delirium O +incidence O +risk O +factors O +were O +then O +assessed O +through O +three O +different O +multiple O +regression O +models O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +According O +to O +the O +confusion O +assessment O +method O +for O +the O +ICU O +scale O +, O +28 O +% O +of O +patients O +were O +diagnosed O +with O +early O +postoperative O +delirium O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +use O +of O +thiopentone B-Chemical +was O +significantly O +associated O +with O +an O +eight O +- O +fold O +- O +higher O +risk O +for O +delirium O +compared O +to O +propofol B-Chemical +( O +57 O +. O +1 O +% O +vs O +. O +7 O +. O +1 O +% O +, O +RR O += O +8 O +. O +0 O +, O +X2 O += O +4 O +. O +256 O +; O +df O += O +1 O +; O +0 O +. O +05 O +< O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +02 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +In O +this O +study O +early O +postoperative O +delirium O +was O +found O +to O +be O +a O +very O +common O +complication O +after O +major O +surgery O +, O +even O +in O +a O +population O +without O +known O +risk O +factors O +. O + +aps B-category +Thiopentone B-Chemical +was O +independently O +associated O +with O +an O +increase O +in O +its O +relative O +risk O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +single O +neurotoxic O +dose O +of O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +induces O +a O +long O +- O +lasting O +depressive O +- O +like O +behaviour O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Methamphetamine B-Chemical +( O +METH B-Chemical +) O +triggers O +a O +disruption O +of O +the O +monoaminergic O +system O +and O +METH B-Chemical +abuse O +leads O +to O +negative O +emotional O +states O +including O +depressive O +symptoms O +during O +drug O +withdrawal O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +it O +is O +currently O +unknown O +if O +the O +acute O +toxic O +dosage O +of O +METH B-Chemical +also O +causes O +a O +long O +- O +lasting O +depressive O +phenotype O +and O +persistent O +monoaminergic O +deficits O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +we O +now O +assessed O +the O +depressive O +- O +like O +behaviour O +in O +mice O +at O +early O +and O +long O +- O +term O +periods O +following O +a O +single O +high O +METH B-Chemical +dose O +( O +30 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +METH B-Chemical +did O +not O +alter O +the O +motor O +function O +and O +procedural O +memory O +of O +mice O +as O +assessed O +by O +swimming O +speed O +and O +escape O +latency O +to O +find O +the O +platform O +in O +a O +cued O +version O +of O +the O +water O +maze O +task O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +METH B-Chemical +significantly O +increased O +the O +immobility O +time O +in O +the O +tail O +suspension O +test O +at O +3 O +and O +49 O +days O +post O +- O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +depressive O +- O +like O +profile O +induced O +by O +METH B-Chemical +was O +accompanied O +by O +a O +marked O +depletion O +of O +frontostriatal O +dopaminergic O +and O +serotonergic O +neurotransmission O +, O +indicated O +by O +a O +reduction O +in O +the O +levels O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +DOPAC B-Chemical +and O +HVA B-Chemical +, O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +and O +serotonin B-Chemical +, O +observed O +at O +both O +3 O +and O +49 O +days O +post O +- O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +parallel O +, O +another O +neurochemical O +feature O +of O +depression O +- O +- O +astroglial O +dysfunction O +- O +- O +was O +unaffected O +in O +the O +cortex O +and O +the O +striatal O +levels O +of O +the O +astrocytic O +protein O +marker O +, O +glial O +fibrillary O +acidic O +protein O +, O +were O +only O +transiently O +increased O +at O +3 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +demonstrate O +for O +the O +first O +time O +that O +a O +single O +high O +dose O +of O +METH B-Chemical +induces O +long O +- O +lasting O +depressive O +- O +like O +behaviour O +in O +mice O +associated O +with O +a O +persistent O +disruption O +of O +frontostriatal O +dopaminergic O +and O +serotonergic O +homoeostasis O +. O + +aps B-category +Linezolid B-Chemical +- O +induced O +optic O +neuropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Many O +systemic O +antimicrobials O +have O +been O +implicated O +to O +cause O +ocular O +adverse O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +is O +especially O +relevant O +in O +multidrug O +therapy O +where O +more O +than O +one O +drug O +can O +cause O +a O +similar O +ocular O +adverse O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +a O +case O +of O +progressive O +loss O +of O +vision O +associated O +with O +linezolid B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +45 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +male O +patient O +who O +was O +on O +treatment O +with O +multiple O +second O +- O +line O +anti O +- O +tuberculous O +drugs O +including O +linezolid B-Chemical +and O +ethambutol B-Chemical +for O +extensively O +drug O +- O +resistant O +tuberculosis O +( O +XDR O +- O +TB O +) O +presented O +to O +us O +with O +painless O +progressive O +loss O +of O +vision O +in O +both O +eyes O +. O + +aps B-category +Color O +vision O +was O +defective O +and O +fundus O +examination O +revealed O +optic O +disc O +edema O +in O +both O +eyes O +. O + +aps B-category +Ethambutol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +toxic O +optic O +neuropathy O +was O +suspected O +and O +tablet O +ethambutol B-Chemical +was O +withdrawn O +. O + +aps B-category +Deterioration O +of O +vision O +occurred O +despite O +withdrawal O +of O +ethambutol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Discontinuation O +of O +linezolid B-Chemical +resulted O +in O +marked O +improvement O +of O +vision O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +report O +emphasizes O +the O +need O +for O +monitoring O +of O +visual O +function O +in O +patients O +on O +long O +- O +term O +linezolid B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Resuscitation O +with O +lipid O +, O +epinephrine B-Chemical +, O +or O +both O +in O +levobupivacaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiac O +toxicity O +in O +newborn O +piglets O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +The O +optimal O +dosing O +regimens O +of O +lipid O +emulsion O +, O +epinephrine B-Chemical +, O +or O +both O +are O +not O +yet O +determined O +in O +neonates O +in O +cases O +of O +local O +anaesthetic O +systemic O +toxicity O +( O +LAST O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Newborn O +piglets O +received O +levobupivacaine B-Chemical +until O +cardiovascular O +collapse O +occurred O +. O + +aps B-category +Standard O +cardiopulmonary O +resuscitation O +was O +started O +and O +electrocardiogram O +( O +ECG O +) O +was O +monitored O +for O +ventricular O +tachycardia O +, O +fibrillation O +, O +or O +QRS O +prolongation O +. O + +aps B-category +Piglets O +were O +then O +randomly O +allocated O +to O +four O +groups O +: O +control O +( O +saline O +) O +, O +Intralipid O +( O +) O +alone O +, O +epinephrine B-Chemical +alone O +, O +or O +a O +combination O +of O +Intralipd O +plus O +epinephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Resuscitation O +continued O +for O +30 O +min O +or O +until O +there O +was O +a O +return O +of O +spontaneous O +circulation O +( O +ROSC O +) O +accompanied O +by O +a O +mean O +arterial O +pressure O +at O +or O +superior O +to O +the O +baseline O +pressure O +and O +normal O +sinus O +rhythm O +for O +a O +period O +of O +30 O +min O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +ROSC O +was O +achieved O +in O +only O +one O +of O +the O +control O +piglets O +compared O +with O +most O +of O +the O +treated O +piglets O +. O + +aps B-category +Mortality O +was O +not O +significantly O +different O +between O +the O +three O +treatment O +groups O +, O +but O +was O +significantly O +lower O +in O +all O +the O +treatment O +groups O +compared O +with O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +number O +of O +ECG O +abnormalities O +was O +zero O +in O +the O +Intralipid O +only O +group O +, O +but O +14 O +and O +17 O +, O +respectively O +, O +in O +the O +epinephrine B-Chemical +and O +epinephrine B-Chemical +plus O +lipid O +groups O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Lipid O +emulsion O +with O +or O +without O +epinephrine B-Chemical +, O +or O +epinephrine B-Chemical +alone O +were O +equally O +effective O +in O +achieving O +a O +return O +to O +spontaneous O +circulation O +in O +this O +model O +of O +LAST O +. O + +aps B-category +Epinephrine B-Chemical +alone O +or O +in O +combination O +with O +lipid O +was O +associated O +with O +an O +increased O +number O +of O +ECG O +abnormalities O +compared O +with O +lipid O +emulsion O +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +Incidence O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thrombocytopenia O +type O +II O +and O +postoperative O +recovery O +of O +platelet O +count O +in O +liver O +graft O +recipients O +: O +a O +retrospective O +cohort O +analysis O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Thrombocytopenia O +in O +patients O +with O +end O +- O +stage O +liver O +disease O +is O +a O +common O +disorder O +caused O +mainly O +by O +portal O +hypertension O +, O +low O +levels O +of O +thrombopoetin O +, O +and O +endotoxemia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +impact O +of O +immune O +- O +mediated O +heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thrombocytopenia O +type O +II O +( O +HIT O +type O +II O +) O +as O +a O +cause O +of O +thrombocytopenia O +after O +liver O +transplantation O +is O +not O +yet O +understood O +, O +with O +few O +literature O +citations O +reporting O +contradictory O +results O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +our O +study O +was O +to O +demonstrate O +the O +perioperative O +course O +of O +thrombocytopenia O +after O +liver O +transplantation O +and O +determine O +the O +occurrence O +of O +clinical O +HIT O +type O +II O +. O + +aps B-category +METHOD O +: O +We O +retrospectively O +evaluated O +the O +medical O +records O +of O +205 O +consecutive O +adult O +patients O +who O +underwent O +full O +- O +size O +liver O +transplantation O +between O +January O +2006 O +and O +December O +2010 O +due O +to O +end O +- O +stage O +or O +malignant O +liver O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Preoperative O +platelet O +count O +, O +postoperative O +course O +of O +platelets O +, O +and O +clinical O +signs O +of O +HIT O +type O +II O +were O +analyzed O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +A O +total O +of O +155 O +( O +75 O +. O +6 O +% O +) O +of O +205 O +patients O +had O +thrombocytopenia O +before O +transplantation O +, O +significantly O +influenced O +by O +Model O +of O +End O +- O +Stage O +Liver O +Disease O +score O +and O +liver O +cirrhosis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +platelet O +count O +exceeded O +100 O +, O +000 O +/ O +uL O +in O +most O +of O +the O +patients O +( O +n O += O +193 O +) O +at O +a O +medium O +of O +7 O +d O +. O + +aps B-category +Regarding O +HIT O +II O +, O +there O +were O +four O +( O +1 O +. O +95 O +% O +) O +patients O +with O +a O +background O +of O +HIT O +type O +II O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +The O +incidence O +of O +HIT O +in O +patients O +with O +end O +- O +stage O +hepatic O +failure O +is O +, O +with O +about O +1 O +. O +95 O +% O +, O +rare O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +further O +reduction O +of O +HIT O +type O +II O +, O +the O +use O +of O +intravenous O +heparin B-Chemical +should O +be O +avoided O +and O +the O +prophylactic O +anticoagulation O +should O +be O +performed O +with O +low O +- O +molecular O +- O +weight O +heparin B-Chemical +after O +normalization O +of O +platelet O +count O +. O + +aps B-category +Takotsubo O +syndrome O +( O +or O +apical O +ballooning O +syndrome O +) O +secondary O +to O +Zolmitriptan B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Takotsubo O +syndrome O +( O +TS O +) O +, O +also O +known O +as O +broken O +heart O +syndrome O +, O +is O +characterized O +by O +left O +ventricle O +apical O +ballooning O +with O +elevated O +cardiac O +biomarkers O +and O +electrocardiographic O +changes O +suggestive O +of O +an O +acute O +coronary O +syndrome O +( O +ie O +, O +ST O +- O +segment O +elevation O +, O +T O +wave O +inversions O +, O +and O +pathologic O +Q O +waves O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +results O +demonstrate O +that O +CCK B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +8 I-Chemical +attenuates O +the O +effect O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +on O +hippocampal O +LTP O +through O +CCK2 O +receptors O +and O +suggest O +an O +ameliorative O +function O +of O +CCK B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +8 I-Chemical +on O +morphine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +memory O +impairment O +. O + +aps B-category +Glial O +activation O +and O +post O +- O +synaptic O +neurotoxicity O +: O +the O +key O +events O +in O +Streptozotocin B-Chemical +( O +ICV O +) O +induced O +memory O +impairment O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +present O +study O +the O +role O +of O +glial O +activation O +and O +post O +synaptic O +toxicity O +in O +ICV O +Streptozotocin B-Chemical +( O +STZ B-Chemical +) O +induced O +memory O +impaired O +rats O +was O +explored O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +experiment O +set O +up O +1 O +: O +Memory O +deficit O +was O +found O +in O +Morris O +water O +maze O +test O +on O +14 O +- O +16 O +days O +after O +STZ B-Chemical +( O +ICV O +; O +3mg O +/ O +Kg O +) O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +STZ B-Chemical +causes O +increased O +expression O +of O +GFAP O +, O +CD11b O +and O +TNF O +- O +a O +indicating O +glial O +activation O +and O +neuroinflammation O +. O + +aps B-category +STZ B-Chemical +also O +significantly O +increased O +the O +level O +of O +ROS O +, O +nitrite B-Chemical +, O +Ca B-Chemical +( O +2 O ++ O +) O +and O +reduced O +the O +mitochondrial O +activity O +in O +synaptosomal O +preparation O +illustrating O +free O +radical O +generation O +and O +excitotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Increased O +expression O +and O +activity O +of O +Caspase O +- O +3 O +was O +also O +observed O +in O +STZ B-Chemical +treated O +rat O +which O +specify O +apoptotic O +cell O +death O +in O +hippocampus O +and O +cortex O +. O + +aps B-category +STZ B-Chemical +treatment O +showed O +decrease O +expression O +of O +post O +synaptic O +markers O +CaMKIIa O +and O +PSD O +- O +95 O +, O +while O +, O +expression O +of O +pre O +synaptic O +markers O +( O +synaptophysin O +and O +SNAP O +- O +25 O +) O +remains O +unaltered O +indicating O +selective O +post O +synaptic O +neurotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Oral O +treatment O +with O +Memantine B-Chemical +( O +10mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +and O +Ibuprofen B-Chemical +( O +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +daily O +for O +13 O +days O +attenuated O +STZ B-Chemical +induced O +glial O +activation O +, O +apoptotic O +cell O +death O +and O +post O +synaptic O +neurotoxicity O +in O +rat O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +, O +in O +experiment O +set O +up O +2 O +: O +where O +memory O +function O +was O +not O +affected O +i O +. O +e O +. O +7 O +- O +9 O +days O +after O +STZ B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +level O +of O +GFAP O +, O +CD11b O +, O +TNF O +- O +a O +, O +ROS O +and O +nitrite B-Chemical +levels O +were O +increased O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +apoptotic O +marker O +, O +synaptic O +markers O +, O +mitochondrial O +activity O +and O +Ca B-Chemical +( O +2 O ++ O +) O +levels O +remained O +unaffected O +. O + +aps B-category +Collective O +data O +indicates O +that O +neuroinflammatory O +process O +and O +oxidative O +stress O +occurs O +earlier O +to O +apoptosis O +and O +does O +not O +affect O +memory O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +Present O +study O +clearly O +suggests O +that O +glial O +activation O +and O +post O +synaptic O +neurotoxicity O +are O +the O +key O +factors O +in O +STZ B-Chemical +induced O +memory O +impairment O +and O +neuronal O +cell O +death O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +effects O +of O +isotonic O +sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +with O +diltiazem B-Chemical +in O +prevention O +of O +contrast B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +INTRODUCTION O +AND O +OBJECTIVE O +: O +Contrast B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephropathy O +( O +CIN O +) O +significantly O +increases O +the O +morbidity O +and O +mortality O +of O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +this O +study O +is O +to O +investigate O +and O +compare O +the O +protective O +effects O +of O +isotonic O +sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +with O +sodium B-Chemical +bicarbonate I-Chemical +infusion O +and O +isotonic O +sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +infusion O +with O +diltiazem B-Chemical +, O +a O +calcium B-Chemical +channel O +blocker O +, O +in O +preventing O +CIN O +. O + +aps B-category +MATERIALS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +Our O +study O +included O +patients O +who O +were O +administered O +30 O +- O +60 O +mL O +of O +iodinated O +contrast B-Chemical +agent O +for O +percutaneous O +coronary O +angiography O +( O +PCAG O +) O +, O +all O +with O +creatinine B-Chemical +values O +between O +1 O +. O +1 O +and O +3 O +. O +1 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +were O +divided O +into O +three O +groups O +and O +each O +group O +had O +20 O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +first O +group O +of O +patients O +was O +administered O +isotonic O +sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +; O +the O +second O +group O +was O +administered O +a O +solution O +that O +of O +5 O +% O +dextrose B-Chemical +and O +sodium B-Chemical +bicarbonate I-Chemical +, O +while O +the O +third O +group O +was O +administered O +isotonic O +sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +before O +and O +after O +the O +contrast B-Chemical +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +third O +group O +received O +an O +additional O +injection O +of O +diltiazem B-Chemical +the O +day O +before O +and O +first O +2 O +days O +after O +the O +contrast B-Chemical +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +of O +the O +patients O +' O +plasma O +blood B-Chemical +urea I-Chemical +nitrogen I-Chemical +( O +BUN B-Chemical +) O +and O +creatinine B-Chemical +levels O +were O +measured O +on O +the O +second O +and O +seventh O +day O +after O +the O +administration O +of O +intravenous O +contrast B-Chemical +material O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +basal O +creatinine B-Chemical +levels O +were O +similar O +for O +all O +three O +groups O +( O +p O +> O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +a O +total O +of O +60 O +patients O +included O +in O +the O +study O +, O +16 O +patients O +developed O +acute O +renal O +failure O +( O +ARF O +) O +on O +the O +second O +day O +after O +contrast B-Chemical +material O +was O +injected O +( O +26 O +. O +6 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +number O +of O +patients O +who O +developed O +ARF O +on O +the O +second O +day O +after O +the O +injection O +in O +the O +first O +group O +was O +five O +( O +25 O +% O +) O +, O +in O +the O +second O +group O +was O +six O +( O +30 O +% O +) O +and O +the O +third O +group O +was O +five O +( O +25 O +% O +) O +( O +p O +> O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +There O +was O +no O +significant O +difference O +between O +isotonic O +sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +, O +sodium B-Chemical +bicarbonate I-Chemical +and O +isotonic O +sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +with O +diltiazem B-Chemical +application O +in O +prevention O +of O +CIN O +. O + +aps B-category +Neurocognitive O +and O +neuroradiologic O +central O +nervous O +system O +late O +effects O +in O +children O +treated O +on O +Pediatric O +Oncology O +Group O +( O +POG O +) O +P9605 O +( O +standard O +risk O +) O +and O +P9201 O +( O +lesser O +risk O +) O +acute O +lymphoblastic O +leukemia O +protocols O +( O +ACCL0131 O +) O +: O +a O +methotrexate B-Chemical +consequence O +? O + +aps B-category +A O +report O +from O +the O +Children O +' O +s O +Oncology O +Group O +. O + +aps B-category +Concerns O +about O +long O +- O +term O +methotrexate B-Chemical +( O +MTX B-Chemical +) O +neurotoxicity O +in O +the O +1990s O +led O +to O +modifications O +in O +intrathecal O +( O +IT O +) O +therapy O +, O +leucovorin O +rescue O +, O +and O +frequency O +of O +systemic O +MTX B-Chemical +administration O +in O +children O +with O +acute O +lymphoblastic O +leukemia O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +study O +, O +neurocognitive O +outcomes O +and O +neuroradiologic O +evidence O +of O +leukoencephalopathy O +were O +compared O +in O +children O +treated O +with O +intense O +central O +nervous O +system O +( O +CNS O +) O +- O +directed O +therapy O +( O +P9605 O +) O +versus O +those O +receiving O +fewer O +CNS O +- O +directed O +treatment O +days O +during O +intensive O +consolidation O +( O +P9201 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +total O +of O +66 O +children O +from O +16 O +Pediatric O +Oncology O +Group O +institutions O +with O +" O +standard O +- O +risk O +" O +acute O +lymphoblastic O +leukemia O +, O +1 O +. O +00 O +to O +9 O +. O +99 O +years O +at O +diagnosis O +, O +without O +evidence O +of O +CNS O +leukemia O +at O +diagnosis O +were O +enrolled O +on O +ACCL0131 O +: O +28 O +from O +P9201 O +and O +38 O +from O +P9605 O +. O + +aps B-category +Magnetic O +resonance O +imaging O +scans O +and O +standard O +neuropsychological O +tests O +were O +performed O +> O +2 O +. O +6 O +years O +after O +the O +end O +of O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Significantly O +more O +P9605 O +patients O +developed O +leukoencephalopathy O +compared O +with O +P9201 O +patients O +( O +68 O +% O +, O +95 O +% O +confidence O +interval O +49 O +% O +- O +83 O +% O +vs O +. O +22 O +% O +, O +95 O +% O +confidence O +interval O +5 O +% O +- O +44 O +% O +; O +P O += O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +identified O +as O +late O +as O +7 O +. O +7 O +years O +after O +the O +end O +of O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Overall O +, O +40 O +% O +of O +patients O +scored O +< O +85 O +on O +either O +Verbal O +or O +Performance O +IQ O +. O + +aps B-category +Children O +on O +both O +studies O +had O +significant O +attention O +problems O +, O +but O +P9605 O +children O +scored O +below O +average O +on O +more O +neurocognitive O +measures O +than O +those O +treated O +on O +P9201 O +( O +82 O +% O +, O +14 O +/ O +17 O +measures O +vs O +. O +24 O +% O +, O +4 O +/ O +17 O +measures O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +supports O +ongoing O +concerns O +about O +intensive O +MTX B-Chemical +exposure O +as O +a O +major O +contributor O +to O +CNS O +late O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Tranexamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +overdosage O +- O +induced O +generalized O +seizure O +in O +renal O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +a O +45 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +lady O +with O +chronic O +kidney O +disease O +stage O +4 O +due O +to O +chronic O +tubulointerstial O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +She O +was O +admitted O +to O +our O +center O +for O +severe O +anemia O +due O +to O +menorrhagia O +and O +deterioration O +of O +renal O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +She O +was O +infused O +three O +units O +of O +packed O +cells O +during O +a O +session O +of O +hemodialysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Tranexamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +TNA B-Chemical +) O +1 O +g O +8 O +- O +hourly O +was O +administered O +to O +her O +to O +control O +bleeding O +per O +vaginum O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +hours O +after O +the O +sixth O +dose O +of O +TNA B-Chemical +, O +she O +had O +an O +episode O +of O +generalized O +tonic O +clonic O +convulsions O +. O + +aps B-category +TNA B-Chemical +was O +discontinued O +. O + +aps B-category +Investigations O +of O +the O +patient O +revealed O +no O +biochemical O +or O +structural O +central O +nervous O +system O +abnormalities O +that O +could O +have O +provoked O +the O +convulsions O +. O + +aps B-category +She O +did O +not O +require O +any O +further O +dialytic O +support O +. O + +aps B-category +She O +had O +no O +further O +episodes O +of O +convulsion O +till O +dis O +- O +charge O +and O +during O +the O +two O +months O +of O +follow O +- O +up O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +the O +precipitating O +cause O +of O +convulsions O +was O +believed O +to O +be O +an O +overdose O +of O +TNA B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Pre O +- O +treatment O +of O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiovascular O +depression O +using O +different O +lipid O +formulations O +of O +propofol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Pre O +- O +treatment O +with O +lipid O +emulsions O +has O +been O +shown O +to O +increase O +lethal O +doses O +of O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +, O +and O +the O +lipid O +content O +of O +propofol B-Chemical +may O +alleviate O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +this O +study O +is O +to O +investigate O +the O +effects O +of O +propofol B-Chemical +in O +intralipid O +or O +medialipid O +emulsions O +on O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Rats O +were O +anaesthetised O +with O +ketamine B-Chemical +and O +were O +given O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +/ O +min O +propofol B-Chemical +in O +intralipid O +( O +Group O +P O +) O +, O +propofol B-Chemical +in O +medialipid O +( O +Group O +L O +) O +, O +or O +saline O +( O +Group O +C O +) O +over O +20 O +min O +. O + +aps B-category +Thereafter O +, O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +/ O +min O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +0 O +. O +5 O +% O +was O +infused O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +recorded O +time O +to O +first O +dysrhythmia O +occurrence O +, O +respective O +times O +to O +25 O +% O +and O +50 O +% O +reduction O +of O +the O +heart O +rate O +( O +HR O +) O +and O +mean O +arterial O +pressure O +, O +and O +time O +to O +asystole O +and O +total O +amount O +of O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +consumption O +. O + +aps B-category +Blood O +and O +tissue O +samples O +were O +collected O +following O +asystole O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +time O +to O +first O +dysrhythmia O +occurrence O +, O +time O +to O +25 O +% O +and O +50 O +% O +reductions O +in O +HR O +, O +and O +time O +to O +asystole O +were O +longer O +in O +Group O +P O +than O +the O +other O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cumulative O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +dose O +given O +at O +those O +time O +points O +was O +higher O +in O +Group O +P O +. O +Plasma O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +levels O +were O +significantly O +lower O +in O +Group O +P O +than O +in O +Group O +C O +. O +Bupivacaine B-Chemical +levels O +in O +the O +brain O +and O +heart O +were O +significantly O +lower O +in O +Group O +P O +and O +Group O +L O +than O +in O +Group O +C O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +We O +conclude O +that O +pre O +- O +treatment O +with O +propofol B-Chemical +in O +intralipid O +, O +compared O +with O +propofol B-Chemical +in O +medialipid O +or O +saline O +, O +delayed O +the O +onset O +of O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiotoxic O +effects O +as O +well O +as O +reduced O +plasma O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +studies O +are O +needed O +to O +explore O +tissue O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +levels O +of O +propofol B-Chemical +in O +medialipid O +and O +adapt O +these O +results O +to O +clinical O +practice O +. O + +aps B-category +Drug O +- O +Induced O +Acute O +Liver O +Injury O +Within O +12 O +Hours O +After O +Fluvastatin B-Chemical +Therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +statins B-Chemical +are O +generally O +well O +- O +tolerated O +drugs O +, O +recent O +cases O +of O +drug O +- O +induced O +liver O +injury O +associated O +with O +their O +use O +have O +been O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +52 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +Chinese O +man O +reported O +with O +liver O +damage O +, O +which O +appeared O +12 O +hours O +after O +beginning O +treatment O +with O +fluvastatin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Patient O +presented O +with O +complaints O +of O +increasing O +nausea O +, O +anorexia O +, O +and O +upper O +abdominal O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +His O +laboratory O +values O +showed O +elevated O +creatine B-Chemical +kinase O +and O +transaminases O +. O + +aps B-category +Testing O +for O +autoantibodies O +was O +also O +negative O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +liver O +biochemistries O +eventually O +normalized O +within O +3 O +weeks O +of O +stopping O +the O +fluvastatin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +when O +prescribing O +statins O +, O +the O +possibility O +of O +hepatic O +damage O +should O +be O +taken O +into O +account O +. O + +aps B-category +Fluconazole B-Chemical +associated O +agranulocytosis O +and O +thrombocytopenia O +. O + +aps B-category +CASE O +: O +We O +describe O +a O +second O +case O +of O +fluconazole B-Chemical +associated O +agranulocytosis O +with O +thrombocytopenia O +and O +recovery O +upon O +discontinuation O +of O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +began O +to O +have O +changes O +in O +white O +blood O +cells O +and O +platelets O +within O +48 O +h O +of O +administration O +of O +fluconazole B-Chemical +and O +began O +to O +recover O +with O +48 O +h O +of O +discontinuation O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +case O +highlights O +that O +drug O +- O +induced O +blood O +dyscrasias O +can O +occur O +unexpectedly O +as O +a O +result O +of O +treatment O +with O +a O +commonly O +used O +drug O +thought O +to O +be O +" O +safe O +" O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +According O +to O +Naranjo O +' O +s O +algorithm O +the O +likelihood O +that O +our O +patient O +' O +s O +agranulocytosis O +and O +thrombocytopenia O +occurred O +as O +a O +result O +of O +therapy O +with O +fluconazole B-Chemical +is O +probable O +, O +with O +a O +total O +of O +six O +points O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +feel O +that O +the O +weight O +of O +the O +overall O +evidence O +of O +this O +evidence O +is O +strong O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +particular O +the O +temporal O +relationship O +of O +bone O +marrow O +suppression O +to O +the O +initiation O +of O +fluconazole B-Chemical +and O +the O +abatement O +of O +symptoms O +that O +rapidly O +reversed O +immediately O +following O +discontinuation O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +- O +dimensional O +speckle O +tracking O +echocardiography O +combined O +with O +high O +- O +sensitive O +cardiac O +troponin O +T O +in O +early O +detection O +and O +prediction O +of O +cardiotoxicity O +during O +epirubicine B-Chemical +- O +based O +chemotherapy O +. O + +aps B-category +AIMS O +: O +To O +investigate O +whether O +alterations O +of O +myocardial O +strain O +and O +high O +- O +sensitive O +cardiac O +troponin O +T O +( O +cTnT O +) O +could O +predict O +future O +cardiac O +dysfunction O +in O +patients O +after O +epirubicin B-Chemical +exposure O +. 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O +0038 O +ng O +/ O +mL O +( O +P O +all O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +at O +the O +completion O +of O +chemotherapy O +compared O +with O +baseline O +values O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +> O +15 O +. O +9 O +% O +decrease O +in O +GLS O +[ O +sensitivity O +, O +86 O +% O +; O +specificity O +, O +75 O +% O +; O +area O +under O +the O +curve O +( O +AUC O +) O += O +0 O +. O +815 O +; O +P O += O +0 O +. O +001 O +] O +and O +a O +> O +0 O +. O +004 O +ng O +/ O +mL O +elevation O +in O +cTnT O +( O +sensitivity O +, O +79 O +% O +; O +specificity O +, O +64 O +% O +; O +AUC O += O +0 O +. O +757 O +; O +P O += O +0 O +. O +005 O +) O +from O +baseline O +to O +the O +third O +cycle O +of O +chemotherapy O +predicted O +later O +cardiotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +decrease O +in O +GLS O +remained O +the O +only O +independent O +predictor O +of O +cardiotoxicity O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +000 O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Study O +results O +showed O +that O +myoclonus O +incidence O +was O +85 O +% O +, O +40 O +% O +, O +70 O +% O +, O +and O +25 O +% O +in O +Group O +NP O +, O +Group O +F O +, O +Group O +M O +, O +and O +Group O +FM O +, O +respectively O +, O +and O +were O +significantly O +lower O +in O +Group O +F O +and O +Group O +FM O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +We O +conclude O +that O +pretreatment O +with O +fentanyl B-Chemical +or O +combination O +of O +fentanyl B-Chemical +and O +midazolam B-Chemical +was O +effective O +in O +preventing O +etomidate B-Chemical +- O +induced O +myoclonus O +. O + +aps B-category +Convulsant O +effect O +of O +lindane B-Chemical +and O +regional O +brain O +concentration O +of O +GABA B-Chemical +and O +dopamine B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +Generalised O +and O +focal O +seizures O +were O +identified O +in O +68 O +and O +32 O +patients O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +median O +( O +IQR O +[ O +range O +] O +) O +time O +after O +surgery O +when O +the O +seizure O +occurred O +was O +7 O +( O +6 O +- O +12 O +[ O +1 O +- O +216 O +] O +) O +h O +and O +8 O +( O +6 O +- O +11 O +[ O +4 O +- O +18 O +] O +) O +h O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Epileptiform O +findings O +on O +electroencephalography O +were O +seen O +in O +19 O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Independent O +predictors O +of O +postoperative O +seizures O +included O +age O +, O +female O +sex O +, O +redo O +cardiac O +surgery O +, O +calcification O +of O +ascending O +aorta O +, O +congestive O +heart O +failure O +, O +deep O +hypothermic O +circulatory O +arrest O +, O +duration O +of O +aortic O +cross O +- O +clamp O +and O +tranexamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +When O +tested O +in O +a O +multivariate O +regression O +analysis O +, O +tranexamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +was O +a O +strong O +independent O +predictor O +of O +seizures O +( O +OR O +14 O +. O +3 O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +5 O +. O +5 O +- O +36 O +. O +7 O +; O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +with O +convulsive O +seizures O +had O +2 O +. O +5 O +times O +higher O +in O +- O +hospital O +mortality O +rates O +and O +twice O +the O +length O +of O +hospital O +stay O +compared O +with O +patients O +without O +convulsive O +seizures O +. O + +aps B-category +Mean O +( O +IQR O +[ O +range O +] O +) O +length O +of O +stay O +in O +the O +intensive O +care O +unit O +was O +115 O +( O +49 O +- O +228 O +[ O +32 O +- O +481 O +] O +) O +h O +in O +patients O +with O +convulsive O +seizures O +compared O +with O +26 O +( O +22 O +- O +69 O +[ O +14 O +- O +1080 O +] O +) O +h O +in O +patients O +without O +seizures O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Convulsive O +seizures O +are O +a O +serious O +postoperative O +complication O +after O +cardiac O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +tranexamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +is O +the O +only O +modifiable O +factor O +, O +its O +administration O +, O +particularly O +in O +doses O +exceeding O +80 O +mg O +. O +kg O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +, O +should O +be O +weighed O +against O +the O +risk O +of O +postoperative O +seizures O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +second O +percutaneous O +mechanical O +thrombectomy O +was O +performed O +six O +days O +later O +and O +resulted O +in O +partial O +revascularization O +of O +the O +SVC O +and O +central O +veins O +. O + +aps B-category +Postthrombectomy O +continuous O +CDT O +with O +alteplase O +was O +commenced O +while O +argatroban B-Chemical +was O +withheld O +, O +and O +complete O +patency O +of O +the O +SVC O +and O +central O +veins O +was O +achieved O +after O +three O +days O +of O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Alteplase O +was O +discontinued O +, O +and O +the O +patient O +was O +reinitiated O +on O +argatroban B-Chemical +; O +ultimately O +, O +he O +was O +transitioned O +to O +warfarin B-Chemical +for O +long O +- O +term O +anticoagulation O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +the O +patient O +recovered O +, O +he O +experienced O +permanent O +vision O +and O +hearing O +loss O +, O +as O +well O +as O +end O +- O +stage O +renal O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +A O +63 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +man O +with O +renal O +amyloidosis O +and O +SVC O +syndrome O +secondary O +to O +HITT O +was O +successfully O +treated O +with O +argatroban B-Chemical +and O +CDT O +with O +alteplase O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical +in O +amphetamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +schizophrenia O +models O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +examine O +the O +effects O +of O +dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical +( O +DHEA B-Chemical +) O +on O +animal O +models O +of O +schizophrenia O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Seventy O +Swiss O +albino O +female O +mice O +( O +25 O +- O +35 O +g O +) O +were O +divided O +into O +4 O +groups O +: O +amphetamine B-Chemical +- O +free O +( O +control O +) O +, O +amphetamine B-Chemical +, O +50 O +, O +and O +100 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +DHEA B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +DHEA B-Chemical +was O +administered O +intraperitoneally O +( O +ip O +) O +for O +5 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +Amphetamine B-Chemical +( O +3 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +ip O +) O +induced O +hyper O +locomotion O +, O +apomorphine B-Chemical +( O +1 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +subcutaneously O +[ O +sc O +] O +) O +induced O +climbing O +, O +and O +haloperidol B-Chemical +( O +1 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +sc O +) O +induced O +catalepsy O +tests O +were O +used O +as O +animal O +models O +of O +schizophrenia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +study O +was O +conducted O +at O +the O +Animal O +Experiment O +Laboratories O +, O +Department O +of O +Pharmacology O +, O +Medical O +School O +, O +Eskisehir O +Osmangazi O +University O +, O +Eskisehir O +, O +Turkey O +between O +March O +and O +May O +2012 O +. O + +aps B-category +Statistical O +analysis O +was O +carried O +out O +using O +Kruskal O +- O +Wallis O +test O +for O +hyper O +locomotion O +, O +and O +one O +- O +way O +ANOVA O +for O +climbing O +and O +catalepsy O +tests O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +In O +the O +amphetamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +locomotion O +test O +, O +there O +were O +significant O +increases O +in O +all O +movements O +compared O +with O +the O +amphetamine B-Chemical +- O +free O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +DHEA B-Chemical +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +, O +and O +100 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +significantly O +decreased O +all O +movements O +compared O +with O +the O +amphetamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +locomotion O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +a O +significant O +difference O +between O +groups O +in O +the O +haloperidol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +catalepsy O +test O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +significant O +difference O +between O +groups O +in O +terms O +of O +total O +climbing O +time O +in O +the O +apomorphine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +climbing O +test O +( O +p O +> O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +We O +observed O +that O +DHEA B-Chemical +reduced O +locomotor O +activity O +and O +increased O +catalepsy O +at O +both O +doses O +, O +while O +it O +had O +no O +effect O +on O +climbing O +behavior O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +suggest O +that O +DHEA B-Chemical +displays O +typical O +neuroleptic O +- O +like O +effects O +, O +and O +may O +be O +used O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +schizophrenia O +. O + +aps B-category +Availability O +of O +human O +induced O +pluripotent O +stem O +cell O +- O +derived O +cardiomyocytes O +in O +assessment O +of O +drug O +potential O +for O +QT O +prolongation O +. O + +aps B-category +Field O +potential O +duration O +( O +FPD O +) O +in O +human O +- O +induced O +pluripotent O +stem O +cell O +- O +derived O +cardiomyocytes O +( O +hiPS O +- O +CMs O +) O +, O +which O +can O +express O +QT O +interval O +in O +an O +electrocardiogram O +, O +is O +reported O +to O +be O +a O +useful O +tool O +to O +predict O +K B-Chemical +( O ++ O +) O +channel O +and O +Ca B-Chemical +( O +2 O ++ O +) O +channel O +blocker O +effects O +on O +QT O +interval O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +there O +is O +no O +report O +showing O +that O +this O +technique O +can O +be O +used O +to O +predict O +multichannel O +blocker O +potential O +for O +QT O +prolongation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +this O +study O +is O +to O +show O +that O +FPD O +from O +MEA O +( O +Multielectrode O +array O +) O +of O +hiPS O +- O +CMs O +can O +detect O +QT O +prolongation O +induced O +by O +multichannel O +blockers O +. O + +aps B-category +hiPS O +- O +CMs O +were O +seeded O +onto O +MEA O +and O +FPD O +was O +measured O +for O +2min O +every O +10min O +for O +30min O +after O +drug O +exposure O +for O +the O +vehicle O +and O +each O +drug O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +IKr O +and O +IKs O +blockers O +concentration O +- O +dependently O +prolonged O +corrected O +FPD O +( O +FPDc O +) O +, O +whereas O +Ca B-Chemical +( O +2 O ++ O +) O +channel O +blockers O +concentration O +- O +dependently O +shortened O +FPDc O +. O + +aps B-category +Also O +, O +the O +multichannel O +blockers O +Amiodarone B-Chemical +, O +Paroxetine B-Chemical +, O +Terfenadine B-Chemical +and O +Citalopram B-Chemical +prolonged O +FPDc O +in O +a O +concentration O +dependent O +manner O +. O + +aps B-category +Finally O +, O +the O +IKr O +blockers O +, O +Terfenadine B-Chemical +and O +Citalopram B-Chemical +, O +which O +are O +reported O +to O +cause O +Torsade O +de O +Pointes O +( O +TdP O +) O +in O +clinical O +practice O +, O +produced O +early O +afterdepolarization O +( O +EAD O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +hiPS O +- O +CMs O +using O +MEA O +system O +and O +FPDc O +can O +predict O +the O +effects O +of O +drug O +candidates O +on O +QT O +interval O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +also O +shows O +that O +this O +assay O +can O +help O +detect O +EAD O +for O +drugs O +with O +TdP O +potential O +. O + +aps B-category +Dermal O +developmental O +toxicity O +of O +N O +- O +phenylimide O +herbicides O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +53482 I-Chemical +and O +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +23121 I-Chemical +are O +N O +- O +phenylimide O +herbicides O +and O +produced O +embryolethality O +, O +teratogenicity O +( O +mainly O +ventricular O +septal O +defects O +and O +wavy O +ribs O +) O +, O +and O +growth O +retardation O +in O +rats O +in O +conventional O +oral O +developmental O +toxicity O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +objective O +in O +this O +study O +was O +to O +investigate O +whether O +the O +compounds O +induce O +developmental O +toxicity O +via O +the O +dermal O +route O +, O +which O +is O +more O +relevant O +to O +occupational O +exposure O +, O +hence O +better O +addressing O +human O +health O +risks O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +53482 I-Chemical +was O +administered O +dermally O +to O +rats O +at O +30 O +, O +100 O +, O +and O +300 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +during O +organogenesis O +, O +and O +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +23121 I-Chemical +was O +administered O +at O +200 O +, O +400 O +, O +and O +800 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +( O +the O +maximum O +applicable O +dose O +level O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Fetuses O +were O +obtained O +by O +a O +Cesarean O +section O +and O +examined O +for O +external O +, O +visceral O +, O +and O +skeletal O +alterations O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Dermal O +exposure O +of O +rats O +to O +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +53482 I-Chemical +at O +300 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +produced O +patterns O +of O +developmental O +toxicity O +similar O +to O +those O +resulting O +from O +oral O +exposure O +. O + +aps B-category +Toxicity O +included O +embryolethality O +, O +teratogenicity O +, O +and O +growth O +retardation O +. O + +aps B-category +Dermal O +administration O +of O +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +23121 I-Chemical +at O +800 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +resulted O +in O +an O +increased O +incidence O +of O +embryonic O +death O +and O +ventricular O +septal O +defect O +, O +but O +retarded O +fetal O +growth O +was O +not O +observed O +as O +it O +was O +following O +oral O +exposure O +to O +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +23121 I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Based O +on O +the O +results O +, O +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +53482 I-Chemical +and O +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +23121 I-Chemical +were O +teratogenic O +when O +administered O +dermally O +to O +pregnant O +rats O +as O +were O +the O +compounds O +administered O +orally O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +investigation O +of O +the O +mechanism O +and O +its O +human O +relevancy O +become O +more O +important O +. O + +aps B-category +Rates O +of O +Renal O +Toxicity O +in O +Cancer O +Patients O +Receiving O +Cisplatin B-Chemical +With O +and O +Without O +Mannitol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Cisplatin B-Chemical +is O +a O +widely O +used O +antineoplastic O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +of O +the O +major O +complications O +of O +cisplatin B-Chemical +use O +is O +dose O +- O +limiting O +nephrotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +are O +many O +strategies O +to O +prevent O +this O +toxicity O +, O +including O +the O +use O +of O +mannitol B-Chemical +as O +a O +nephroprotectant O +in O +combination O +with O +hydration O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +We O +aimed O +to O +evaluate O +the O +rates O +of O +cisplatin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephrotoxicity O +in O +cancer O +patients O +receiving O +single O +- O +agent O +cisplatin B-Chemical +with O +and O +without O +mannitol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +This O +single O +- O +center O +retrospective O +analysis O +was O +a O +quasi O +experiment O +created O +by O +the O +national O +mannitol B-Chemical +shortage O +. O + +aps B-category +Data O +were O +collected O +on O +adult O +cancer O +patients O +receiving O +single O +- O +agent O +cisplatin B-Chemical +as O +an O +outpatient O +from O +January O +2011 O +to O +September O +2012 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +primary O +outcome O +was O +acute O +kidney O +injury O +( O +AKI O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +We O +evaluated O +143 O +patients O +who O +received O +single O +- O +agent O +cisplatin B-Chemical +; O +97 O +. O +2 O +% O +of O +patients O +had O +head O +and O +neck O +cancer O +as O +their O +primary O +malignancy O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +who O +did O +not O +receive O +mannitol B-Chemical +were O +more O +likely O +to O +develop O +nephrotoxicity O +: O +odds O +ratio O +[ O +OR O +] O += O +2 O +. O +646 O +( O +95 O +% O +CI O += O +1 O +. O +008 O +, O +6 O +. O +944 O +; O +P O += O +0 O +. O +048 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +who O +received O +the O +100 O +mg O +/ O +m O +( O +2 O +) O +dosing O +and O +patients O +who O +had O +a O +history O +of O +hypertension O +also O +had O +a O +higher O +likelihood O +of O +developing O +nephrotoxicity O +: O +OR O += O +11 O +. O +494 O +( O +95 O +% O +CI O += O +4 O +. O +149 O +, O +32 O +. O +258 O +; O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +0001 O +) O +and O +OR O += O +3 O +. O +219 O +( O +95 O +% O +CI O += O +1 O +. O +228 O +, O +8 O +. O +439 O +; O +P O += O +0 O +. O +017 O +) O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +When O +limited O +quantities O +of O +mannitol B-Chemical +are O +available O +, O +it O +should O +preferentially O +be O +given O +to O +patients O +at O +particularly O +high O +risk O +of O +nephrotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +analysis O +suggests O +that O +those O +patients O +receiving O +the O +dosing O +schedule O +of O +100 O +mg O +/ O +m O +( O +2 O +) O +cisplatin B-Chemical +every O +3 O +weeks O +and O +those O +with O +hypertension O +are O +at O +the O +greatest O +risk O +of O +nephrotoxicity O +and O +would O +benefit O +from O +the O +addition O +of O +mannitol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Metformin B-Chemical +protects O +against O +seizures O +, O +learning O +and O +memory O +impairments O +and O +oxidative O +damage O +induced O +by O +pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical +- O +induced O +kindling O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Cognitive O +impairment O +, O +the O +most O +common O +and O +severe O +comorbidity O +of O +epilepsy O +, O +greatly O +diminishes O +the O +quality O +of O +life O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +current O +therapeutic O +interventions O +for O +epilepsy O +can O +also O +cause O +untoward O +cognitive O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +there O +is O +an O +urgent O +need O +for O +new O +kinds O +of O +agents O +targeting O +both O +seizures O +and O +cognition O +deficits O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxidative O +stress O +is O +considered O +to O +play O +an O +important O +role O +in O +epileptogenesis O +and O +cognitive O +deficits O +, O +and O +antioxidants O +have O +a O +putative O +antiepileptic O +potential O +. O + +aps B-category +Metformin B-Chemical +, O +the O +most O +commonly O +prescribed O +antidiabetic O +oral O +drug O +, O +has O +antioxidant O +properties O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +was O +designed O +to O +evaluate O +the O +ameliorative O +effects O +of O +metformin B-Chemical +on O +seizures O +, O +cognitive O +impairment O +and O +brain O +oxidative O +stress O +markers O +observed O +in O +pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical +- O +induced O +kindling O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +Male O +C57BL O +/ O +6 O +mice O +were O +administered O +with O +subconvulsive O +dose O +of O +pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical +( O +37 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +every O +other O +day O +for O +14 O +injections O +. O + +aps B-category +Metformin B-Chemical +was O +injected O +intraperitoneally O +in O +dose O +of O +200mg O +/ O +kg O +along O +with O +alternate O +- O +day O +PTZ B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +found O +that O +metformin B-Chemical +suppressed O +the O +progression O +of O +kindling O +, O +ameliorated O +the O +cognitive O +impairment O +and O +decreased O +brain O +oxidative O +stress O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +the O +present O +study O +concluded O +that O +metformin B-Chemical +may O +be O +a O +potential O +agent O +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +epilepsy O +as O +well O +as O +a O +protective O +medicine O +against O +cognitive O +impairment O +induced O +by O +seizures O +. O + +aps B-category +P53 O +inhibition O +exacerbates O +late O +- O +stage O +anthracycline B-Chemical +cardiotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +AIMS O +: O +Doxorubicin B-Chemical +( O +DOX B-Chemical +) O +is O +an O +effective O +anti O +- O +cancer O +therapeutic O +, O +but O +is O +associated O +with O +both O +acute O +and O +late O +- O +stage O +cardiotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Children O +are O +particularly O +sensitive O +to O +DOX B-Chemical +- O +induced O +heart O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +Here O +, O +the O +impact O +of O +p53 O +inhibition O +on O +acute O +vs O +. O +late O +- O +stage O +DOX B-Chemical +cardiotoxicity O +was O +examined O +in O +a O +juvenile O +model O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +AND O +RESULTS O +: O +Two O +- O +week O +- O +old O +MHC O +- O +CB7 O +mice O +( O +which O +express O +dominant O +- O +interfering O +p53 O +in O +cardiomyocytes O +) O +and O +their O +non O +- O +transgenic O +( O +NON O +- O +TXG O +) O +littermates O +received O +weekly O +DOX B-Chemical +injections O +for O +5 O +weeks O +( O +25 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +cumulative O +dose O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +week O +after O +the O +last O +DOX B-Chemical +treatment O +( O +acute O +stage O +) O +, O +MHC O +- O +CB7 O +mice O +exhibited O +improved O +cardiac O +function O +and O +lower O +levels O +of O +cardiomyocyte O +apoptosis O +when O +compared O +with O +the O +NON O +- O +TXG O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Surprisingly O +, O +by O +13 O +weeks O +following O +the O +last O +DOX B-Chemical +treatment O +( O +late O +stage O +) O +, O +MHC O +- O +CB7 O +exhibited O +a O +progressive O +decrease O +in O +cardiac O +function O +and O +higher O +rates O +of O +cardiomyocyte O +apoptosis O +when O +compared O +with O +NON O +- O +TXG O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +p53 O +inhibition O +blocked O +transient O +DOX B-Chemical +- O +induced O +STAT3 O +activation O +in O +MHC O +- O +CB7 O +mice O +, O +which O +was O +associated O +with O +enhanced O +induction O +of O +the O +DNA O +repair O +proteins O +Ku70 O +and O +Ku80 O +. O + +aps B-category +Mice O +with O +cardiomyocyte O +- O +restricted O +deletion O +of O +STAT3 O +exhibited O +worse O +cardiac O +function O +, O +higher O +levels O +of O +cardiomyocyte O +apoptosis O +, O +and O +a O +greater O +induction O +of O +Ku70 O +and O +Ku80 O +in O +response O +to O +DOX B-Chemical +treatment O +during O +the O +acute O +stage O +when O +compared O +with O +control O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +These O +data O +support O +a O +model O +wherein O +a O +p53 O +- O +dependent O +cardioprotective O +pathway O +, O +mediated O +via O +STAT3 O +activation O +, O +mitigates O +DOX B-Chemical +- O +induced O +myocardial O +stress O +during O +drug O +delivery O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +these O +data O +suggest O +an O +explanation O +as O +to O +how O +p53 O +inhibition O +can O +result O +in O +cardioprotection O +during O +drug O +treatment O +and O +, O +paradoxically O +, O +enhanced O +cardiotoxicity O +long O +after O +the O +cessation O +of O +drug O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Metronidazole B-Chemical +- O +induced O +encephalopathy O +: O +an O +uncommon O +scenario O +. O + +aps B-category +Metronidazole B-Chemical +can O +produce O +neurological O +complications O +although O +it O +is O +not O +a O +common O +scenario O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +present O +a O +case O +where O +a O +patient O +developed O +features O +of O +encephalopathy O +following O +prolonged O +metronidazole B-Chemical +intake O +. O + +aps B-category +Magnetic O +resonance O +imaging O +( O +MRI O +) O +brain O +showed O +abnormal O +signal O +intensity O +involving O +both O +dentate O +nuclei O +of O +cerebellum O +and O +splenium O +of O +corpus O +callosum O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +diagnosis O +of O +metronidazole B-Chemical +toxicity O +was O +made O +by O +the O +MRI O +findings O +and O +supported O +clinically O +. O + +aps B-category +Aconitine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +Ca2 B-Chemical ++ O +overload O +causes O +arrhythmia O +and O +triggers O +apoptosis O +through O +p38 O +MAPK O +signaling O +pathway O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Aconitine B-Chemical +is O +a O +major O +bioactive O +diterpenoid O +alkaloid O +with O +high O +content O +derived O +from O +herbal O +aconitum O +plants O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +present O +study O +, O +the O +effect O +of O +chronic O +pre O +- O +treatment O +with O +metformin B-Chemical +on O +cardiac O +dysfunction O +and O +toll O +- O +like O +receptor O +4 O +( O +TLR4 O +) O +activities O +following O +myocardial O +infarction O +and O +their O +relation O +with O +AMPK O +were O +assessed O +. O + +aps B-category +Male O +Wistar O +rats O +were O +randomly O +assigned O +to O +one O +of O +5 O +groups O +( O +n O += O +6 O +) O +: O +normal O +control O +and O +groups O +were O +injected O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +after O +chronic O +pre O +- O +treatment O +with O +0 O +, O +25 O +, O +50 O +, O +or O +100mg O +/ O +kg O +of O +metformin B-Chemical +twice O +daily O +for O +14 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +Isoproterenol B-Chemical +( O +100mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +was O +injected O +subcutaneously O +on O +the O +13th O +and O +14th O +days O +to O +induce O +acute O +myocardial O +infarction O +. O + +aps B-category +Isoproterenol B-Chemical +alone O +decreased O +left O +ventricular O +systolic O +pressure O +and O +myocardial O +contractility O +indexed O +as O +LVdp O +/ O +dtmax O +and O +LVdp O +/ O +dtmin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +left O +ventricular O +dysfunction O +was O +significantly O +lower O +in O +the O +groups O +treated O +with O +25 O +and O +50mg O +/ O +kg O +of O +metformin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Metfromin O +markedly O +lowered O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +elevation O +in O +the O +levels O +of O +TLR4 O +mRNA O +, O +myeloid O +differentiation O +protein O +88 O +( O +MyD88 O +) O +, O +tumor O +necrosis O +factor O +- O +alpha O +( O +TNF O +- O +a O +) O +, O +and O +interleukin O +6 O +( O +IL O +- O +6 O +) O +in O +the O +heart O +tissues O +. O + +aps B-category +Similar O +changes O +were O +also O +seen O +in O +the O +serum O +levels O +of O +TNF O +- O +a O +and O +IL O +- O +6 O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +lower O +doses O +of O +25 O +and O +50mg O +/ O +kg O +were O +more O +effective O +than O +100mg O +/ O +kg O +. O + +aps B-category +Phosphorylated O +AMPKa O +( O +p O +- O +AMPK O +) O +in O +the O +myocardium O +was O +significantly O +elevated O +by O +25mg O +/ O +kg O +of O +metformin B-Chemical +, O +slightly O +by O +50mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +but O +not O +by O +100mg O +/ O +kg O +. O + +aps B-category +Chronic O +pre O +- O +treatment O +with O +metformin B-Chemical +reduces O +post O +- O +myocardial O +infarction O +cardiac O +dysfunction O +and O +suppresses O +inflammatory O +responses O +, O +possibly O +through O +inhibition O +of O +TLR4 O +activities O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +mechanism O +can O +be O +considered O +as O +a O +target O +to O +protect O +infarcted O +myocardium O +. O + +aps B-category +Unusual O +complications O +of O +antithyroid O +drug O +therapy O +: O +four O +case O +reports O +and O +review O +of O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +cases O +of O +propylthiouracil B-Chemical +- O +associated O +acute O +hepatitis O +, O +one O +case O +of O +fatal O +methimazole B-Chemical +- O +associated O +hepatocellular O +necrosis O +and O +one O +case O +of O +propylthiouracil B-Chemical +- O +associated O +lupus O +- O +like O +syndrome O +are O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +literature O +related O +to O +antithyroid O +drug O +side O +effects O +and O +the O +mechanisms O +for O +their O +occurrence O +are O +reviewed O +and O +the O +efficacy O +and O +complications O +of O +thyroidectomy O +and O +radioiodine O +compared O +to O +those O +of O +antithyroid O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +in O +most O +circumstances O +131I O +is O +the O +therapy O +of O +choice O +for O +hyperthyroidism O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuroleptic O +malignant O +syndrome O +induced O +by O +combination O +therapy O +with O +tetrabenazine B-Chemical +and O +tiapride B-Chemical +in O +a O +Japanese O +patient O +with O +Huntington O +' O +s O +disease O +at O +the O +terminal O +stage O +of O +recurrent O +breast O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +herein O +describe O +the O +case O +of O +an O +81 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +Japanese O +woman O +with O +neuroleptic O +malignant O +syndrome O +that O +occurred O +36 O +days O +after O +the O +initiation O +of O +combination O +therapy O +with O +tiapride B-Chemical +( O +75 O +mg O +/ O +day O +) O +and O +tetrabenazine B-Chemical +( O +12 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +day O +) O +for O +Huntington O +' O +s O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +had O +been O +treated O +with O +tiapride B-Chemical +or O +tetrabenazine B-Chemical +alone O +without O +any O +adverse O +effects O +before O +the O +administration O +of O +the O +combination O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +She O +also O +had O +advanced O +breast O +cancer O +when O +the O +combination O +therapy O +was O +initiated O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +the O +best O +of O +our O +knowledge O +, O +the O +occurrence O +of O +neuroleptic O +malignant O +syndrome O +due O +to O +combination O +therapy O +with O +tetrabenazine B-Chemical +and O +tiapride B-Chemical +has O +not O +been O +previously O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +Tetrabenazine B-Chemical +should O +be O +administered O +very O +carefully O +in O +combination O +with O +other O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +, O +particularly O +in O +patients O +with O +a O +worsening O +general O +condition O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +metoprolol B-Chemical +- O +terbinafine B-Chemical +combination O +induced O +bradycardia O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +report O +a O +sinus O +bradycardia O +induced O +by O +metoprolol B-Chemical +and O +terbinafine B-Chemical +drug O +- O +drug O +interaction O +and O +its O +management O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +63 O +year O +- O +old O +Caucasian O +man O +on O +metoprolol B-Chemical +200 O +mg O +/ O +day O +for O +stable O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +was O +prescribed O +a O +90 O +- O +day O +course O +of O +oral O +terbinafine B-Chemical +250 O +mg O +/ O +day O +for O +onychomycosis O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +49th O +day O +of O +terbinafine B-Chemical +therapy O +, O +he O +was O +brought O +to O +the O +emergency O +room O +for O +a O +decrease O +of O +his O +global O +health O +status O +, O +confusion O +and O +falls O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +electrocardiogram O +revealed O +a O +37 O +beats O +/ O +min O +sinus O +bradycardia O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +score O +of O +7 O +on O +the O +Naranjo O +adverse O +drug O +reaction O +probability O +scale O +indicates O +a O +probable O +relationship O +between O +the O +patient O +' O +s O +sinus O +bradycardia O +and O +the O +drug O +interaction O +between O +metoprolol B-Chemical +and O +terbinafine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +heart O +rate O +ameliorated O +first O +with O +a O +decrease O +in O +the O +dose O +of O +metoprolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +subsequently O +changed O +to O +bisoprolol B-Chemical +and O +the O +heart O +rate O +remained O +normal O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +inhibiting O +the O +cytochrome O +P450 O +2D6 O +, O +terbinafine B-Chemical +had O +decreased O +metoprolol B-Chemical +' O +s O +clearance O +, O +leading O +in O +metoprolol B-Chemical +accumulation O +which O +has O +resulted O +in O +clinically O +significant O +sinus O +bradycardia O +. O + +aps B-category +Optochiasmatic O +and O +peripheral O +neuropathy O +due O +to O +ethambutol B-Chemical +overtreatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Ethambutol B-Chemical +is O +known O +to O +cause O +optic O +neuropathy O +and O +, O +more O +rarely O +, O +axonal O +polyneuropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +characterize O +the O +clinical O +, O +neurophysiological O +, O +and O +neuroimaging O +findings O +in O +a O +72 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +man O +who O +developed O +visual O +loss O +and O +paresthesias O +after O +11 O +weeks O +of O +exposure O +to O +a O +supratherapeutic O +dose O +of O +ethambutol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +case O +demonstrates O +the O +selective O +vulnerability O +of O +the O +anterior O +visual O +pathways O +and O +peripheral O +nerves O +to O +ethambutol B-Chemical +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Testosterone B-Chemical +ameliorates O +streptozotocin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +memory O +impairment O +in O +male O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +AIM O +: O +To O +study O +the O +effects O +of O +testosterone B-Chemical +on O +streptozotocin B-Chemical +( O +STZ B-Chemical +) O +- O +induced O +memory O +impairment O +in O +male O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Adult O +male O +Wistar O +rats O +were O +intracerebroventricularly O +( O +icv O +) O +infused O +with O +STZ B-Chemical +( O +750 O +ug O +) O +on O +d O +1 O +and O +d O +3 O +, O +and O +a O +passive O +avoidance O +task O +was O +assessed O +2 O +weeks O +after O +the O +first O +injection O +of O +STZ B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Castration O +surgery O +was O +performed O +in O +another O +group O +of O +rats O +, O +and O +the O +passive O +avoidance O +task O +was O +assessed O +4 O +weeks O +after O +the O +operation O +. O + +aps B-category +Testosterone B-Chemical +( O +1 O +mg O +. O +kg O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +. O +d O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +, O +sc O +) O +, O +the O +androgen B-Chemical +receptor O +antagonist O +flutamide B-Chemical +( O +10 O +mg O +. O +kg O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +. O +d O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +, O +ip O +) O +, O +the O +estrogen B-Chemical +receptor O +antagonist O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +( O +1 O +mg O +. O +kg O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +. O +d O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +, O +ip O +) O +or O +the O +aromatase O +inhibitor O +letrozole B-Chemical +( O +4 O +mg O +. O +kg O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +. O +d O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +, O +ip O +) O +were O +administered O +for O +6 O +d O +after O +the O +first O +injection O +of O +STZ B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +STZ B-Chemical +administration O +and O +castration O +markedly O +decreased O +both O +STL1 O +( O +the O +short O +memory O +) O +and O +STL2 O +( O +the O +long O +memory O +) O +in O +passive O +avoidance O +tests O +. O + +aps B-category +Testosterone B-Chemical +replacement O +almost O +restored O +the O +STL1 O +and O +STL2 O +in O +castrated O +rats O +, O +and O +significantly O +prolonged O +the O +STL1 O +and O +STL2 O +in O +STZ B-Chemical +- O +treated O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +flutamide B-Chemical +, O +letrozole B-Chemical +or O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +significantly O +impaired O +the O +memory O +in O +intact O +rats O +, O +and O +significantly O +attenuated O +the O +testosterone B-Chemical +replacement O +in O +improving O +STZ B-Chemical +- O +and O +castration O +- O +induced O +memory O +impairment O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Testosterone B-Chemical +administration O +ameliorates O +STZ B-Chemical +- O +and O +castration O +- O +induced O +memory O +impairment O +in O +male O +Wistar O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Behavioral O +and O +neurochemical O +studies O +in O +mice O +pretreated O +with O +garcinielliptone B-Chemical +FC I-Chemical +in O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +seizures O +. O + +aps B-category +Garcinielliptone B-Chemical +FC I-Chemical +( O +GFC B-Chemical +) O +isolated O +from O +hexanic O +fraction O +seed O +extract O +of O +species O +Platonia O +insignis O +Mart O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +widely O +used O +in O +folk O +medicine O +to O +treat O +skin O +diseases O +in O +both O +humans O +and O +animals O +as O +well O +as O +the O +seed O +decoction O +has O +been O +used O +to O +treat O +diarrheas O +and O +inflammatory O +diseases O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +there O +is O +no O +research O +on O +GFC B-Chemical +effects O +in O +the O +central O +nervous O +system O +of O +rodents O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +study O +aimed O +to O +evaluate O +the O +GFC B-Chemical +effects O +at O +doses O +of O +25 O +, O +50 O +or O +75 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +on O +seizure O +parameters O +to O +determine O +their O +anticonvulsant O +activity O +and O +its O +effects O +on O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +r B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +GABA B-Chemical +) O +, O +glutamine B-Chemical +, O +aspartate B-Chemical +and O +glutathione B-Chemical +) O +levels O +as O +well O +as O +on O +acetylcholinesterase O +( O +AChE O +) O +activity O +in O +mice O +hippocampus O +after O +seizures O +. O + +aps B-category +GFC B-Chemical +produced O +an O +increased O +latency O +to O +first O +seizure O +, O +at O +doses O +25mg O +/ O +kg O +( O +20 O +. O +12 O ++ O +2 O +. O +20 O +min O +) O +, O +50mg O +/ O +kg O +( O +20 O +. O +95 O ++ O +2 O +. O +21 O +min O +) O +or O +75 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +( O +23 O +. O +43 O ++ O +1 O +. O +99 O +min O +) O +when O +compared O +with O +seized O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +GABA B-Chemical +content O +of O +mice O +hippocampus O +treated O +with O +GFC75 O +plus O +P400 O +showed O +an O +increase O +of O +46 O +. O +90 O +% O +when O +compared O +with O +seized O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +aspartate B-Chemical +, O +glutamine B-Chemical +and O +glutamate B-Chemical +levels O +detected O +a O +decrease O +of O +5 O +. O +21 O +% O +, O +13 O +. O +55 O +% O +and O +21 O +. O +80 O +% O +, O +respectively O +in O +mice O +hippocampus O +treated O +with O +GFC75 O +plus O +P400 O +when O +compared O +with O +seized O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Hippocampus O +mice O +treated O +with O +GFC75 O +plus O +P400 O +showed O +an O +increase O +in O +AChE O +activity O +( O +63 O +. O +30 O +% O +) O +when O +compared O +with O +seized O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +indicate O +that O +GFC B-Chemical +can O +exert O +anticonvulsant O +activity O +and O +reduce O +the O +frequency O +of O +installation O +of O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +status O +epilepticus O +, O +as O +demonstrated O +by O +increase O +in O +latency O +to O +first O +seizure O +and O +decrease O +in O +mortality O +rate O +of O +animals O +. 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O +45 O +, O +44 O +. O +4 O +, O +and O +14 O +. O +28 O +% O +at O +1 O +year O +, O +2 O +years O +, O +and O +3 O +years O +postimplant O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Adverse O +events O +included O +increased O +intraocular O +pressure O +( O +54 O +. O +5 O +% O +) O +and O +cataract O +formation O +( O +100 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +The O +data O +suggest O +that O +fluocinolone B-Chemical +acetonide I-Chemical +implant O +( O +0 O +. O +59 O +mg O +) O +helps O +to O +control O +inflammation O +in O +otherwise O +treatment O +- O +refractory O +cases O +of O +birdshot O +retinochoroidopathy O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +associated O +with O +significant O +side O +effects O +of O +cataract O +and O +ocular O +hypertension O +requiring O +treatment O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Patients O +were O +randomized O +to O +receive O +0 O +. O +02 O +, O +0 O +. O +03 O +, O +0 O +. O +04 O +, O +0 O +. O +05 O +and O +0 O +. O +06 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +rocuronium B-Chemical +as O +a O +precurarizing O +dose O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuromuscular O +monitoring O +after O +each O +precurarizing O +dose O +was O +recorded O +from O +the O +adductor O +pollicis O +muscle O +using O +acceleromyography O +with O +train O +- O +of O +- O +four O +stimulation O +of O +the O +ulnar O +nerve O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +patients O +received O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +1 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +at O +2 O +minutes O +after O +the O +precurarization O +, O +and O +were O +assessed O +the O +incidence O +and O +severity O +of O +fasciculations O +, O +while O +myalgia O +was O +assessed O +at O +24 O +hours O +after O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +incidence O +and O +severity O +of O +visible O +muscle O +fasciculation O +was O +significantly O +less O +with O +increasing O +the O +amount O +of O +precurarizing O +dose O +of O +rocuronium B-Chemical +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Those O +of O +myalgia O +tend O +to O +decrease O +according O +to O +increasing O +the O +amount O +of O +precurarizing O +dose O +of O +rocuronium B-Chemical +, O +but O +there O +was O +no O +significance O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +072 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +onset O +time O +of O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +was O +significantly O +longer O +with O +increasing O +the O +amount O +of O +precurarizing O +dose O +of O +rocuronium B-Chemical +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Precurarization O +with O +0 O +. O +04 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +rocuronium B-Chemical +was O +the O +optimal O +dose O +considering O +the O +reduction O +in O +the O +incidence O +and O +severity O +of O +fasciculation O +and O +myalgia O +with O +acceptable O +onset O +time O +, O +and O +the O +safe O +and O +effective O +precurarization O +. O + +aps B-category +Absence O +of O +PKC O +- O +alpha O +attenuates O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephrogenic O +diabetes O +insipidus O +. O + +aps B-category +Lithium B-Chemical +, O +an O +effective O +antipsychotic O +, O +induces O +nephrogenic O +diabetes O +insipidus O +( O +NDI O +) O +in O +40 O +% O +of O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +decreased O +capacity O +to O +concentrate O +urine O +is O +likely O +due O +to O +lithium B-Chemical +acutely O +disrupting O +the O +cAMP B-Chemical +pathway O +and O +chronically O +reducing O +urea B-Chemical +transporter O +( O +UT O +- O +A1 O +) O +and O +water O +channel O +( O +AQP2 O +) O +expression O +in O +the O +inner O +medulla O +. O + +aps B-category +Targeting O +an O +alternative O +signaling O +pathway O +, O +such O +as O +PKC O +- O +mediated O +signaling O +, O +may O +be O +an O +effective O +method O +of O +treating O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +induced O +polyuria O +. O + +aps B-category +PKC O +- O +alpha O +null O +mice O +( O +PKCa O +KO O +) O +and O +strain O +- O +matched O +wild O +type O +( O +WT O +) O +controls O +were O +treated O +with O +lithium B-Chemical +for O +0 O +, O +3 O +or O +5 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +WT O +mice O +had O +increased O +urine O +output O +and O +lowered O +urine O +osmolality O +after O +3 O +and O +5 O +days O +of O +treatment O +whereas O +PKCa O +KO O +mice O +had O +no O +change O +in O +urine O +output O +or O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +Western O +blot O +analysis O +revealed O +that O +AQP2 O +expression O +in O +medullary O +tissues O +was O +lowered O +after O +3 O +and O +5 O +days O +in O +WT O +mice O +; O +however O +, O +AQP2 O +was O +unchanged O +in O +PKCa O +KO O +. O + +aps B-category +Similar O +results O +were O +observed O +with O +UT O +- O +A1 O +expression O +. O + +aps B-category +Animals O +were O +also O +treated O +with O +lithium B-Chemical +for O +6 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +Lithium B-Chemical +- O +treated O +WT O +mice O +had O +19 O +- O +fold O +increased O +urine O +output O +whereas O +treated O +PKCa O +KO O +animals O +had O +a O +4 O +- O +fold O +increase O +in O +output O +. O + +aps B-category +AQP2 O +and O +UT O +- O +A1 O +expression O +was O +lowered O +in O +6 O +week O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +treated O +WT O +animals O +whereas O +in O +treated O +PKCa O +KO O +mice O +, O +AQP2 O +was O +only O +reduced O +by O +2 O +- O +fold O +and O +UT O +- O +A1 O +expression O +was O +unaffected O +. O + +aps B-category +Urinary O +sodium B-Chemical +, O +potassium B-Chemical +and O +calcium B-Chemical +were O +elevated O +in O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +fed O +WT O +but O +not O +in O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +fed O +PKCa O +KO O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +data O +show O +that O +ablation O +of O +PKCa O +preserves O +AQP2 O +and O +UT O +- O +A1 O +protein O +expression O +and O +localization O +in O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +induced O +NDI O +, O +and O +prevents O +the O +development O +of O +the O +severe O +polyuria O +associated O +with O +lithium B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Is O +Dysguesia O +Going O +to O +be O +a O +Rare O +or O +a O +Common O +Side O +- O +effect O +of O +Amlodipine B-Chemical +? O + +aps B-category +A O +very O +rare O +side O +- O +effect O +of O +amlodipine B-Chemical +is O +dysguesia O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +review O +of O +the O +literature O +produced O +only O +one O +case O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +a O +case O +about O +a O +female O +with O +essential O +hypertension O +on O +drug O +treatment O +with O +amlodipine B-Chemical +developed O +loss O +of O +taste O +sensation O +. O + +aps B-category +Condition O +moderately O +improved O +on O +stoppage O +of O +the O +drug O +for O +25 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +amlodipine B-Chemical +can O +cause O +dysguesia O +. O + +aps B-category +Here O +, O +we O +describe O +the O +clinical O +presentation O +and O +review O +the O +relevant O +literature O +on O +amlodipine B-Chemical +and O +dysguesia O +. O + +aps B-category +Rhabdomyolysis O +in O +association O +with O +simvastatin B-Chemical +and O +dosage O +increment O +in O +clarithromycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Clarithromycin B-Chemical +is O +the O +most O +documented O +cytochrome O +P450 O +3A4 O +( O +CYP3A4 O +) O +inhibitor O +to O +cause O +an O +adverse O +interaction O +with O +simvastatin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +particular O +case O +is O +of O +interest O +as O +rhabdomyolysis O +only O +occurred O +after O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +dose O +of O +clarithromycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +developed O +raised O +cardiac O +biomarkers O +without O +any O +obvious O +cardiac O +issues O +, O +a O +phenomenon O +that O +has O +been O +linked O +to O +rhabdomyolysis O +previously O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +date O +, O +there O +has O +been O +no O +reported O +effect O +of O +rhabdomyolysis O +on O +the O +structure O +and O +function O +of O +cardiac O +muscle O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinicians O +need O +to O +be O +aware O +of O +prescribing O +concomitant O +medications O +that O +increase O +the O +risk O +of O +myopathy O +or O +inhibit O +the O +CYP3A4 O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +case O +suggests O +that O +troponin O +elevation O +could O +be O +associated O +with O +statin B-Chemical +induced O +rhabdomyolysis O +, O +which O +may O +warrant O +further O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +Characterization O +of O +a O +novel O +BCHE O +" O +silent O +" O +allele O +: O +point O +mutation O +( O +p O +. O +Val204Asp O +) O +causes O +loss O +of O +activity O +and O +prolonged O +apnea O +with O +suxamethonium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Butyrylcholinesterase O +deficiency O +is O +characterized O +by O +prolonged O +apnea O +after O +the O +use O +of O +muscle O +relaxants O +( O +suxamethonium B-Chemical +or O +mivacurium B-Chemical +) O +in O +patients O +who O +have O +mutations O +in O +the O +BCHE O +gene O +. O + +aps B-category +Here O +, O +we O +report O +a O +case O +of O +prolonged O +neuromuscular O +block O +after O +administration O +of O +suxamethonium B-Chemical +leading O +to O +the O +discovery O +of O +a O +novel O +BCHE O +variant O +( O +c O +. O +695T O +> O +A O +, O +p O +. O +Val204Asp O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +studies O +, O +kinetic O +analysis O +and O +molecular O +dynamics O +were O +undertaken O +to O +understand O +how O +this O +mutation O +disrupts O +the O +catalytic O +triad O +and O +determines O +a O +" O +silent O +" O +phenotype O +. O + +aps B-category +Low O +activity O +of O +patient O +plasma O +butyrylcholinesterase O +with O +butyrylthiocholine B-Chemical +( O +BTC B-Chemical +) O +and O +benzoylcholine B-Chemical +, O +and O +values O +of O +dibucaine B-Chemical +and O +fluoride B-Chemical +numbers O +fit O +with O +heterozygous O +atypical O +silent O +genotype O +. O + +aps B-category +Electrophoretic O +analysis O +of O +plasma O +BChE O +of O +the O +proband O +and O +his O +mother O +showed O +that O +patient O +has O +a O +reduced O +amount O +of O +tetrameric O +enzyme O +in O +plasma O +and O +that O +minor O +fast O +- O +moving O +BChE O +components O +: O +monomer O +, O +dimer O +, O +and O +monomer O +- O +albumin O +conjugate O +are O +missing O +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetic O +analysis O +showed O +that O +the O +p O +. O +Val204Asp O +/ O +p O +. O +Asp70Gly O +- O +p O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +decrease O +in O +Hb O +levels O +between O +2 O +and O +5 O +g O +/ O +dL O +was O +detected O +in O +23 O +( O +11 O +. O +4 O +% O +) O +patients O +during O +the O +follow O +- O +up O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +five O +patients O +, O +Hb O +levels O +decreased O +below O +5 O +g O +/ O +dL O +during O +at O +least O +one O +follow O +- O +up O +visit O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +cases O +of O +delayed O +anemia O +were O +clinically O +manageable O +and O +resolved O +within O +one O +month O +. O + +aps B-category +Regulation O +of O +signal O +transducer O +and O +activator O +of O +transcription O +3 O +and O +apoptotic O +pathways O +by O +betaine B-Chemical +attenuates O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +acute O +myocardial O +injury O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +study O +was O +designed O +to O +investigate O +the O +cardioprotective O +effects O +of O +betaine B-Chemical +on O +acute O +myocardial O +ischemia O +induced O +experimentally O +in O +rats O +focusing O +on O +regulation O +of O +signal O +transducer O +and O +activator O +of O +transcription O +3 O +( O +STAT3 O +) O +and O +apoptotic O +pathways O +as O +the O +potential O +mechanism O +underlying O +the O +drug O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Male O +Sprague O +Dawley O +rats O +were O +treated O +with O +betaine B-Chemical +( O +100 O +, O +200 O +, O +and O +400 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +orally O +for O +40 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +myocardial O +ischemic O +injury O +was O +induced O +in O +rats O +by O +subcutaneous O +injection O +of O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +( O +85 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +, O +for O +two O +consecutive O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +cardiac O +marker O +enzyme O +, O +histopathological O +variables O +and O +expression O +of O +protein O +levels O +were O +analyzed O +. O + +aps B-category +Oral O +administration O +of O +betaine B-Chemical +( O +200 O +and O +400 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +significantly O +reduced O +the O +level O +of O +cardiac O +marker O +enzyme O +in O +the O +serum O +and O +prevented O +left O +ventricular O +remodeling O +. O + +aps B-category +Western O +blot O +analysis O +showed O +that O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +phosphorylation O +of O +STAT3 O +was O +maintained O +or O +further O +enhanced O +by O +betaine B-Chemical +treatment O +in O +myocardium O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +betaine B-Chemical +( O +200 O +and O +400 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +treatment O +increased O +the O +ventricular O +expression O +of O +Bcl O +- O +2 O +and O +reduced O +the O +level O +of O +Bax O +, O +therefore O +causing O +a O +significant O +increase O +in O +the O +ratio O +of O +Bcl O +- O +2 O +/ O +Bax O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +protective O +role O +of O +betaine B-Chemical +on O +myocardial O +damage O +was O +further O +confirmed O +by O +histopathological O +examination O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +summary O +, O +our O +results O +showed O +that O +betaine B-Chemical +pretreatment O +attenuated O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +acute O +myocardial O +ischemia O +via O +the O +regulation O +of O +STAT3 O +and O +apoptotic O +pathways O +. O + +aps B-category +Quetiapine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +neutropenia O +in O +a O +bipolar O +patient O +with O +hepatocellular O +carcinoma O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +Quetiapine B-Chemical +is O +a O +dibenzothiazepine O +derivative O +, O +similar O +to O +clozapine B-Chemical +, O +which O +has O +the O +highest O +risk O +of O +causing O +blood O +dyscrasias O +, O +especially O +neutropenia O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +are O +some O +case O +reports O +about O +this O +side O +effect O +of O +quetiapine B-Chemical +, O +but O +possible O +risk O +factors O +are O +seldom O +discussed O +and O +identified O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +case O +of O +a O +patient O +with O +hepatocellular O +carcinoma O +that O +developed O +neutropenia O +after O +treatment O +with O +quetiapine B-Chemical +is O +described O +here O +. O + +aps B-category +CASE O +REPORT O +: O +A O +62 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +Taiwanese O +widow O +with O +bipolar O +disorder O +was O +diagnosed O +with O +hepatocellular O +carcinoma O +at O +age O +60 O +. O + +aps B-category +She O +developed O +leucopenia O +after O +being O +treated O +with O +quetiapine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +After O +quetiapine B-Chemical +was O +discontinued O +, O +her O +white O +blood O +cell O +count O +returned O +to O +normal O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Although O +neutropenia O +is O +not O +a O +common O +side O +effect O +of O +quetiapine B-Chemical +, O +physicians O +should O +be O +cautious O +about O +its O +presentation O +and O +associated O +risk O +factors O +. O + +aps B-category +Hepatic O +dysfunction O +may O +be O +one O +of O +the O +possible O +risk O +factors O +, O +and O +concomitant O +fever O +may O +be O +a O +diagnostic O +marker O +for O +adverse O +reaction O +to O +quetiapine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Lateral O +antebrachial O +cutaneous O +neuropathy O +after O +steroid B-Chemical +injection O +at O +lateral O +epicondyle O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +AND O +OBJECTIVES O +: O +This O +report O +aimed O +to O +present O +a O +case O +of O +lateral O +antebrachial O +cutaneous O +neuropathy O +( O +LACNP O +) O +that O +occurred O +after O +a O +steroid B-Chemical +injection O +in O +the O +lateral O +epicondyle O +to O +treat O +lateral O +epicondylitis O +in O +a O +40 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +. O + +aps B-category +MATERIAL O +AND O +METHOD O +: O +A O +40 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +presented O +with O +decreased O +sensation O +and O +paresthesia O +over O +her O +right O +lateral O +forearm O +; O +the O +paresthesia O +had O +occurred O +after O +a O +steroid B-Chemical +injection O +in O +the O +right O +lateral O +epicondyle O +3 O +months O +before O +. O + +aps B-category +Her O +sensation O +of O +light O +touch O +and O +pain O +was O +diminished O +over O +the O +lateral O +side O +of O +the O +right O +forearm O +and O +wrist O +area O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +sensory O +action O +potential O +amplitude O +of O +the O +right O +lateral O +antebrachial O +cutaneous O +nerve O +( O +LACN O +) O +( O +6 O +. O +2 O +uV O +) O +was O +lower O +than O +that O +of O +the O +left O +( O +13 O +. O +1 O +uV O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +difference O +of O +amplitude O +between O +both O +sides O +was O +significant O +because O +there O +was O +more O +than O +a O +50 O +% O +reduction O +. O + +aps B-category +She O +was O +diagnosed O +with O +right O +LACNP O +( O +mainly O +axonal O +involvement O +) O +on O +the O +basis O +of O +the O +clinical O +manifestation O +and O +the O +electrodiagnostic O +findings O +. O + +aps B-category +Her O +symptoms O +improved O +through O +physical O +therapy O +but O +persisted O +to O +some O +degree O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +This O +report O +describes O +the O +case O +of O +a O +woman O +with O +LACNP O +that O +developed O +after O +a O +steroid B-Chemical +injection O +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +lateral O +epicondylitis O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +electrodiagnostic O +study O +, O +including O +a O +nerve O +conduction O +study O +of O +the O +LACN O +, O +was O +helpful O +to O +diagnose O +right O +LACNP O +and O +to O +find O +the O +passage O +of O +the O +LACN O +on O +the O +lateral O +epicondyle O +. O + +aps B-category +Curcumin B-Chemical +prevents O +maleate B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephrotoxicity O +: O +relation O +to O +hemodynamic O +alterations O +, O +oxidative O +stress O +, O +mitochondrial O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +and O +activity O +of O +respiratory O +complex O +I O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +potential O +protective O +effect O +of O +the O +dietary O +antioxidant O +curcumin B-Chemical +( O +120 O +mg O +/ O +Kg O +/ O +day O +for O +6 O +days O +) O +against O +the O +renal O +injury O +induced O +by O +maleate B-Chemical +was O +evaluated O +. O + +aps B-category +Tubular O +proteinuria O +and O +oxidative O +stress O +were O +induced O +by O +a O +single O +injection O +of O +maleate B-Chemical +( O +400 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Maleate B-Chemical +- O +induced O +renal O +injury O +included O +increase O +in O +renal O +vascular O +resistance O +and O +in O +the O +urinary O +excretion O +of O +total O +protein O +, O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +sodium B-Chemical +, O +neutrophil O +gelatinase O +- O +associated O +lipocalin O +( O +NGAL O +) O +and O +N O +- O +acetyl O +b O +- O +D O +- O +glucosaminidase O +( O +NAG O +) O +, O +upregulation O +of O +kidney O +injury O +molecule O +( O +KIM O +) O +- O +1 O +, O +decrease O +in O +renal O +blood O +flow O +and O +claudin O +- O +2 O +expression O +besides O +of O +necrosis O +and O +apoptosis O +of O +tubular O +cells O +on O +24 O +h O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxidative O +stress O +was O +determined O +by O +measuring O +the O +oxidation O +of O +lipids O +and O +proteins O +and O +diminution O +in O +renal O +Nrf2 O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +were O +also O +conducted O +in O +renal O +epithelial O +LLC O +- O +PK1 O +cells O +and O +in O +mitochondria O +isolated O +from O +kidneys O +of O +all O +the O +experimental O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Maleate B-Chemical +induced O +cell O +damage O +and O +reactive O +oxygen B-Chemical +species O +( O +ROS O +) O +production O +in O +LLC O +- O +PK1 O +cells O +in O +culture O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +maleate B-Chemical +treatment O +reduced O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +in O +ADP B-Chemical +- O +stimulated O +mitochondria O +and O +diminished O +respiratory O +control O +index O +when O +using O +malate B-Chemical +/ O +glutamate B-Chemical +as O +substrate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activities O +of O +both O +complex O +I O +and O +aconitase O +were O +also O +diminished O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +the O +above O +- O +described O +alterations O +were O +prevented O +by O +curcumin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +curcumin B-Chemical +is O +able O +to O +attenuate O +in O +vivo O +maleate B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephropathy O +and O +in O +vitro O +cell O +damage O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +in O +vivo O +protection O +was O +associated O +to O +the O +prevention O +of O +oxidative O +stress O +and O +preservation O +of O +mitochondrial O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +and O +activity O +of O +respiratory O +complex O +I O +, O +and O +the O +in O +vitro O +protection O +was O +associated O +to O +the O +prevention O +of O +ROS O +production O +. O + +aps B-category +Anticonvulsant O +actions O +of O +MK B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +801 I-Chemical +on O +the O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +model O +of O +status O +epilepticus O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +MK B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +801 I-Chemical +, O +a O +noncompetitive O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +( O +NMDA B-Chemical +) O +receptor O +antagonist O +, O +was O +tested O +for O +anticonvulsant O +effects O +in O +rats O +using O +two O +seizure O +models O +, O +coadministration O +of O +lithium B-Chemical +and O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +and O +administration O +of O +a O +high O +dose O +of O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +major O +results O +are O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +First O +, O +pretreatment O +with O +MK B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +801 I-Chemical +produced O +an O +effective O +and O +dose O +- O +dependent O +anticonvulsant O +action O +with O +the O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +model O +but O +not O +with O +rats O +treated O +with O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +alone O +, O +suggesting O +that O +different O +biochemical O +mechanisms O +control O +seizures O +in O +these O +two O +models O +. O + +aps B-category +Second O +, O +the O +anticonvulsant O +effect O +of O +MK B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +801 I-Chemical +in O +the O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +model O +only O +occurred O +after O +initial O +periods O +of O +seizure O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +observation O +is O +suggested O +to O +be O +an O +in O +vivo O +demonstration O +of O +the O +conclusion O +derived O +from O +in O +vitro O +experiments O +that O +MK B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +801 I-Chemical +binding O +requires O +agonist O +- O +induced O +opening O +of O +the O +channel O +sites O +of O +the O +NMDA B-Chemical +receptor O +. O + +aps B-category +Third O +, O +although O +it O +is O +relatively O +easy O +to O +block O +seizures O +induced O +by O +lithium B-Chemical +and O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +by O +administration O +of O +anticonvulsants O +prior O +to O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +, O +it O +is O +more O +difficult O +to O +terminate O +ongoing O +status O +epilepticus O +and O +block O +the O +lethality O +of O +the O +seizures O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +MK B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +801 I-Chemical +30 O +or O +60 O +min O +after O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O +, O +during O +status O +epilepticus O +, O +gradually O +reduced O +electrical O +and O +behavioral O +seizure O +activity O +and O +greatly O +enhanced O +the O +survival O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +activation O +of O +NMDA B-Chemical +receptors O +plays O +an O +important O +role O +in O +status O +epilepticus O +and O +brain O +damage O +in O +the O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +model O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +was O +further O +supported O +by O +results O +showing O +that O +nonconvulsive O +doses O +of O +NMDA B-Chemical +and O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +were O +synergistic O +, O +resulting O +in O +status O +epilepticus O +and O +subsequent O +mortality O +. O + +aps B-category +Continuous O +infusion O +tobramycin B-Chemical +combined O +with O +carbenicillin B-Chemical +for O +infections O +in O +cancer O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cure O +rate O +of O +infections O +in O +cancer O +patients O +is O +adversely O +affected O +by O +neutropenia O +( O +less O +than O +1 O +, O +000 O +/ O +mm3 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +particular O +, O +patients O +with O +severe O +neutropenia O +( O +less O +than O +100 O +/ O +mm3 O +) O +have O +shown O +a O +poor O +response O +to O +antibiotics O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +overcome O +the O +adverse O +effects O +of O +neutropenia O +, O +tobramycin B-Chemical +was O +given O +by O +continuous O +infusion O +and O +combined O +with O +intermittent O +carbenicillin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Tobramycin B-Chemical +was O +given O +to O +a O +total O +daily O +dose O +of O +300 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +and O +carbenicillin B-Chemical +was O +given O +at O +a O +dose O +of O +5 O +gm O +every O +four O +hours O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +were O +125 O +infectious O +episodes O +in O +116 O +cancer O +patients O +receiving O +myelosuppressive O +chemotherapy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +overall O +cure O +rate O +was O +70 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Pneumonia O +was O +the O +most O +common O +infection O +and O +61 O +% O +of O +59 O +episodes O +were O +cured O +. O + +aps B-category +Gram O +- O +negative O +bacilli O +were O +the O +most O +common O +causative O +organisms O +and O +69 O +% O +of O +these O +infections O +were O +cured O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +common O +pathogen O +was O +Klebsiella O +pneumoniae O +and O +this O +, O +together O +with O +Escherichia O +coli O +and O +Pseudomonas O +aeruginosa O +, O +accounted O +for O +74 O +% O +of O +all O +gram O +- O +negative O +bacillary O +infections O +. O + +aps B-category +Response O +was O +not O +influenced O +by O +the O +initial O +neutrophil O +count O +, O +with O +a O +62 O +% O +cure O +rate O +for O +39 O +episodes O +associated O +with O +severe O +neutropenia O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +failure O +of O +the O +neutrophil O +count O +to O +increase O +during O +therapy O +adversely O +affected O +response O +. O + +aps B-category +Azotemia O +was O +the O +major O +side O +effect O +recognized O +, O +and O +it O +occurred O +in O +11 O +% O +of O +episodes O +. O + +aps B-category +Major O +azotemia O +( O +serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +greater O +than O +2 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +dl O +or O +BUN O +greater O +than O +50 O +mg O +/ O +dl O +) O +occurred O +in O +only O +2 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Azotemia O +was O +not O +related O +to O +duration O +of O +therapy O +or O +serum O +tobramycin B-Chemical +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +antibiotic O +regimen O +showed O +both O +therapeutic O +efficacy O +and O +acceptable O +renal O +toxicity O +for O +these O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Incidence O +of O +solid O +tumours O +among O +pesticide O +applicators O +exposed O +to O +the O +organophosphate B-Chemical +insecticide O +diazinon B-Chemical +in O +the O +Agricultural O +Health O +Study O +: O +an O +updated O +analysis O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +Diazinon B-Chemical +, O +a O +common O +organophosphate B-Chemical +insecticide O +with O +genotoxic O +properties O +, O +was O +previously O +associated O +with O +lung O +cancer O +in O +the O +Agricultural O +Health O +Study O +( O +AHS O +) O +cohort O +, O +but O +few O +other O +epidemiological O +studies O +have O +examined O +diazinon B-Chemical +- O +associated O +cancer O +risk O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +used O +updated O +diazinon B-Chemical +exposure O +and O +cancer O +incidence O +information O +to O +evaluate O +solid O +tumour O +risk O +in O +the O +AHS O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Male O +pesticide O +applicators O +in O +Iowa O +and O +North O +Carolina O +reported O +lifetime O +diazinon B-Chemical +use O +at O +enrolment O +( O +1993 O +- O +1997 O +) O +and O +follow O +- O +up O +( O +1998 O +- O +2005 O +) O +; O +cancer O +incidence O +was O +assessed O +through O +2010 O +( O +North O +Carolina O +) O +/ O +2011 O +( O +Iowa O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +applicators O +with O +usage O +information O +sufficient O +to O +evaluate O +exposure O +- O +response O +patterns O +, O +we O +used O +Poisson O +regression O +to O +estimate O +adjusted O +rate O +ratios O +( O +RRs O +) O +and O +95 O +% O +CI O +for O +cancer O +sites O +with O +> O +10 O +exposed O +cases O +for O +both O +lifetime O +( O +LT O +) O +exposure O +days O +and O +intensity O +- O +weighted O +( O +IW O +) O +lifetime O +exposure O +days O +( O +accounting O +for O +factors O +impacting O +exposure O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +We O +observed O +elevated O +lung O +cancer O +risks O +( O +N O += O +283 O +) O +among O +applicators O +with O +the O +greatest O +number O +of O +LT O +( O +RR O += O +1 O +. O +60 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +1 O +. O +11 O +to O +2 O +. O +31 O +; O +Ptrend O += O +0 O +. O +02 O +) O +and O +IW O +days O +of O +diazinon B-Chemical +use O +( O +RR O += O +1 O +. O +41 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +0 O +. O +98 O +to O +2 O +. O +04 O +; O +Ptrend O += O +0 O +. O +08 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Kidney O +cancer O +( O +N O += O +94 O +) O +risks O +were O +non O +- O +significantly O +elevated O +( O +RRLT O +days O += O +1 O +. O +77 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +0 O +. O +90 O +to O +3 O +. O +51 O +; O +Ptrend O += O +0 O +. O +09 O +; O +RRIW O +days O +1 O +. O +37 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +0 O +. O +64 O +to O +2 O +. O +92 O +; O +Ptrend O += O +0 O +. O +50 O +) O +, O +as O +were O +risks O +for O +aggressive O +prostate O +cancer O +( O +N O += O +656 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Our O +updated O +evaluation O +of O +diazinon B-Chemical +provides O +additional O +evidence O +of O +an O +association O +with O +lung O +cancer O +risk O +. O + +aps B-category +Newly O +identified O +links O +to O +kidney O +cancer O +and O +associations O +with O +aggressive O +prostate O +cancer O +require O +further O +evaluation O +. O + +aps B-category +Associations O +of O +Ozone B-Chemical +and O +PM2 O +. O +5 O +Concentrations O +With O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +Disease O +Among O +Participants O +in O +the O +Agricultural O +Health O +Study O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +This O +study O +describes O +associations O +of O +ozone B-Chemical +and O +fine O +particulate B-Chemical +matter I-Chemical +with O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +observed O +among O +farmers O +in O +North O +Carolina O +and O +Iowa O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +We O +used O +logistic O +regression O +to O +determine O +the O +associations O +of O +these O +pollutants O +with O +self O +- O +reported O +, O +doctor O +- O +diagnosed O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Daily O +predicted O +pollutant O +concentrations O +were O +used O +to O +derive O +surrogates O +of O +long O +- O +term O +exposure O +and O +link O +them O +to O +study O +participants O +' O +geocoded O +addresses O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +We O +observed O +positive O +associations O +of O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +with O +ozone B-Chemical +( O +odds O +ratio O += O +1 O +. O +39 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +: O +0 O +. O +98 O +to O +1 O +. O +98 O +) O +and O +fine O +particulate B-Chemical +matter I-Chemical +( O +odds O +ratio O += O +1 O +. O +34 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +: O +0 O +. O +93 O +to O +1 O +. O +93 O +) O +in O +North O +Carolina O +but O +not O +in O +Iowa O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +The O +plausibility O +of O +an O +effect O +of O +ambient O +concentrations O +of O +these O +pollutants O +on O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +risk O +is O +supported O +by O +experimental O +data O +demonstrating O +damage O +to O +dopaminergic O +neurons O +at O +relevant O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +Additional O +studies O +are O +needed O +to O +address O +uncertainties O +related O +to O +confounding O +and O +to O +examine O +temporal O +aspects O +of O +the O +associations O +we O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +Low O +functional O +programming O +of O +renal O +AT2R O +mediates O +the O +developmental O +origin O +of O +glomerulosclerosis O +in O +adult O +offspring O +induced O +by O +prenatal O +caffeine B-Chemical +exposure O +. O + +aps B-category +UNASSIGNED O +: O +Our O +previous O +study O +has O +indicated O +that O +prenatal O +caffeine B-Chemical +exposure O +( O +PCE O +) O +could O +induce O +intrauterine O +growth O +retardation O +( O +IUGR O +) O +of O +offspring O +. O + +aps B-category +Recent O +research O +suggested O +that O +IUGR O +is O +a O +risk O +factor O +for O +glomerulosclerosis O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +whether O +PCE O +could O +induce O +glomerulosclerosis O +and O +its O +underlying O +mechanisms O +remain O +unknown O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +aimed O +to O +demonstrate O +the O +induction O +to O +glomerulosclerosis O +in O +adult O +offspring O +by O +PCE O +and O +its O +intrauterine O +programming O +mechanisms O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +rat O +model O +of O +IUGR O +was O +established O +by O +PCE O +, O +male O +fetuses O +and O +adult O +offspring O +at O +the O +age O +of O +postnatal O +week O +24 O +were O +euthanized O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +revealed O +that O +the O +adult O +offspring O +kidneys O +in O +the O +PCE O +group O +exhibited O +glomerulosclerosis O +as O +well O +as O +interstitial O +fibrosis O +, O +accompanied O +by O +elevated O +levels O +of O +serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +and O +urine O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +Renal O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +receptor O +type O +2 O +( O +AT2R O +) O +gene O +expression O +in O +adult O +offspring O +was O +reduced O +by O +PCE O +, O +whereas O +the O +renal O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +receptor O +type O +1a O +( O +AT1aR O +) O +/ O +AT2R O +expression O +ratio O +was O +increased O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fetal O +kidneys O +in O +the O +PCE O +group O +displayed O +an O +enlarged O +Bowman O +' O +s O +space O +and O +a O +shrunken O +glomerular O +tuft O +, O +accompanied O +by O +a O +reduced O +cortex O +width O +and O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +nephrogenic O +zone O +/ O +cortical O +zone O +ratio O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +double O +blind O +, O +crossover O +study O +6 O +h O +infusions O +of O +adrenaline B-Chemical +( O +15 O +ng O +/ O +kg O +/ O +min O +; O +1 O +ng O += O +5 O +. O +458 O +pmol O +) O +, O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +( O +30 O +ng O +/ O +kg O +/ O +min O +; O +1 O +ng O += O +5 O +. O +911 O +pmol O +) O +, O +and O +a O +5 O +% O +dextrose B-Chemical +solution O +( O +5 O +. O +4 O +ml O +/ O +h O +) O +, O +were O +given O +to O +ten O +healthy O +volunteers O +in O +random O +order O +2 O +weeks O +apart O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +means O +of O +intra O +- O +arterial O +ambulatory O +monitoring O +the O +haemodynamic O +effects O +were O +followed O +for O +18 O +h O +after O +the O +infusions O +were O +stopped O +. O + +aps B-category +Adrenaline B-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +, O +caused O +a O +delayed O +and O +protracted O +pressor O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Over O +the O +total O +postinfusion O +period O +systolic O +and O +diastolic O +arterial O +pressure O +were O +6 O +( O +SEM O +2 O +) O +% O +and O +7 O +( O +2 O +) O +% O +, O +respectively O +, O +higher O +than O +after O +dextrose B-Chemical +infusion O +( O +ANOVA O +, O +p O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +" O +stress O +" O +levels O +of O +adrenaline B-Chemical +( O +230 O +pg O +/ O +ml O +) O +for O +6 O +h O +cause O +a O +delayed O +and O +protracted O +pressor O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +are O +strong O +support O +for O +the O +adrenaline B-Chemical +- O +hypertension O +hypothesis O +in O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +alkylxanthines B-Chemical +on O +gentamicin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +acute O +renal O +failure O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Adenosine B-Chemical +antagonists O +have O +been O +previously O +shown O +to O +be O +of O +benefit O +in O +some O +ischaemic O +and O +nephrotoxic O +models O +of O +acute O +renal O +failure O +( O +ARF O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +present O +study O +, O +the O +effects O +of O +three O +alkylxanthines B-Chemical +with O +different O +potencies O +as O +adenosine B-Chemical +antagonists O +8 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phenyltheophylline I-Chemical +, O +theophylline B-Chemical +and O +enprofylline B-Chemical +, O +were O +examined O +in O +rats O +developing O +acute O +renal O +failure O +after O +4 O +daily O +injections O +of O +gentamicin B-Chemical +( O +200 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +lack O +of O +any O +consistent O +protective O +effect O +noted O +with O +the O +alkylxanthines B-Chemical +tested O +in O +the O +present O +study O +indicates O +that O +adenosine B-Chemical +plays O +little O +, O +if O +any O +, O +pathophysiological O +role O +in O +gentamicin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +ARF O +. O + +aps B-category +Adverse O +ocular O +reactions O +possibly O +associated O +with O +isotretinoin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +total O +of O +261 O +adverse O +ocular O +reactions O +occurred O +in O +237 O +patients O +who O +received O +isotretinoin B-Chemical +, O +a O +commonly O +used O +drug O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +severe O +cystic O +acne O +. O + +aps B-category +Blepharoconjunctivitis O +, O +subjective O +complaints O +of O +dry O +eyes O +, O +blurred O +vision O +, O +contact O +lens O +intolerance O +, O +and O +photodermatitis O +are O +reversible O +side O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +More O +serious O +ocular O +adverse O +reactions O +include O +papilledema O +, O +pseudotumor O +cerebri O +, O +and O +white O +or O +gray O +subepithelial O +corneal O +opacities O +; O +all O +of O +these O +are O +reversible O +if O +the O +drug O +is O +discontinued O +. O + +aps B-category +Reported O +cases O +of O +decreased O +dark O +adaptation O +are O +under O +investigation O +. O + +aps B-category +Isotretinoin B-Chemical +is O +contraindicated O +in O +pregnancy O +because O +of O +the O +many O +reported O +congenital O +abnormalities O +after O +maternal O +use O +( O +including O +microphthalmos O +, O +orbital O +hypertelorism O +, O +and O +optic O +nerve O +hypoplasia O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Procaterol B-Chemical +and O +terbutaline B-Chemical +in O +bronchial O +asthma O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +double O +- O +blind O +, O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +, O +cross O +- O +over O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +Procaterol B-Chemical +, O +a O +new O +beta O +- O +2 O +adrenoceptor O +stimulant O +, O +was O +studied O +in O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +, O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +, O +cross O +- O +over O +trial O +in O +patients O +with O +bronchial O +asthma O +. O + +aps B-category +Oral O +procaterol B-Chemical +50 O +micrograms O +b O +. O +d O +. O +, O +procaterol B-Chemical +100 O +micrograms O +b O +. O +d O +. O +, O +and O +terbutaline B-Chemical +5 O +mg O +t O +. O +i O +. O +d O +. O +, O +were O +compared O +when O +given O +randomly O +in O +1 O +- O +week O +treatment O +periods O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +best O +clinical O +effect O +was O +found O +with O +terbutaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +anti O +- O +asthmatic O +and O +tremorgenic O +effects O +of O +procaterol B-Chemical +were O +dose O +- O +related O +. O + +aps B-category +Procaterol B-Chemical +appeared O +effective O +in O +the O +doses O +tested O +, O +and O +a O +twice O +daily O +regimen O +would O +appear O +to O +be O +suitable O +with O +this O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +Subacute O +effects O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +and O +B O +24 O +/ O +76 O +on O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +rat O +heart O +hypertrophy O +in O +correlation O +with O +blood O +pressure O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +compared O +the O +potential O +beta O +- O +receptor O +blocker O +, O +B O +24 O +/ O +76 O +i O +. O +e O +. O +1 O +- O +( O +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +dichlorophenoxy O +) O +- O +3 O +[ O +2 O +- O +3 O +, O +4 O +- O +dimethoxyphenyl O +) O +ethanolamino O +] O +- O +prop O +an O +- O +2 O +- O +ol O +, O +which O +is O +characterized O +by O +beta O +1 O +- O +adrenoceptor O +blocking O +and O +beta O +2 O +- O +adrenoceptor O +stimulating O +properties O +with O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +studies O +were O +performed O +using O +an O +experimental O +model O +of O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +heart O +hypertrophy O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +correlation O +of O +the O +blood O +pressure O +was O +neither O +found O +in O +the O +development O +nor O +in O +the O +attempt O +to O +suppress O +the O +development O +of O +heart O +hypertrophy O +with O +the O +two O +beta O +- O +receptor O +blockers O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +beta O +- O +blockers O +influenced O +the O +development O +of O +hypertrophy O +to O +a O +different O +, O +but O +not O +reproducible O +extent O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +possible O +to O +suppress O +the O +increased O +ornithine B-Chemical +decarboxylase O +activity O +with O +both O +beta O +- O +blockers O +in O +hypertrophied O +hearts O +, O +but O +there O +was O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +heart O +mass O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +oral O +administration O +of O +caffeine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +on O +behavioral O +ratings O +, O +somatic O +symptoms O +, O +blood O +pressure O +and O +plasma O +levels O +of O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methoxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxyphenethyleneglycol I-Chemical +( O +MHPG B-Chemical +) O +and O +cortisol B-Chemical +were O +determined O +in O +17 O +healthy O +subjects O +and O +21 O +patients O +meeting O +DSM O +- O +III O +criteria O +for O +agoraphobia O +with O +panic O +attacks O +or O +panic O +disorder O +. O + +aps B-category +Caffeine B-Chemical +produced O +significantly O +greater O +increases O +in O +subject O +- O +rated O +anxiety O +, O +nervousness O +, O +fear O +, O +nausea O +, O +palpitations O +, O +restlessness O +, O +and O +tremors O +in O +the O +patients O +compared O +with O +healthy O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +patients O +, O +but O +not O +the O +healthy O +subjects O +, O +these O +symptoms O +were O +significantly O +correlated O +with O +plasma O +caffeine B-Chemical +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +Seventy O +- O +one O +percent O +of O +the O +patients O +reported O +that O +the O +behavioral O +effects O +of O +caffeine B-Chemical +were O +similar O +to O +those O +experienced O +during O +panic O +attacks O +. O + +aps B-category +Caffeine B-Chemical +did O +not O +alter O +plasma O +MHPG B-Chemical +levels O +in O +either O +the O +healthy O +subjects O +or O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Caffeine B-Chemical +increased O +plasma O +cortisol B-Chemical +levels O +equally O +in O +the O +patient O +and O +healthy O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +caffeine B-Chemical +is O +an O +adenosine B-Chemical +receptor O +antagonist O +, O +these O +results O +suggest O +that O +some O +panic O +disorder O +patients O +may O +have O +abnormalities O +in O +neuronal O +systems O +involving O +adenosine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +with O +anxiety O +disorders O +may O +benefit O +by O +avoiding O +caffeine B-Chemical +- O +containing O +foods O +and O +beverages O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +the O +effect O +of O +oxitropium B-Chemical +bromide I-Chemical +and O +of O +slow O +- O +release O +theophylline B-Chemical +on O +nocturnal O +asthma O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Selectivity O +for O +the O +cerebrovascular O +bed O +makes O +nimodipine B-Chemical +potentially O +useful O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +subarachnoid O +hemorrhage O +, O +migraine O +headache O +, O +dementia O +, O +and O +stroke O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +general O +, O +the O +dihydropyridine B-Chemical +calcium B-Chemical +channel I-Chemical +blockers I-Chemical +are O +usually O +well O +tolerated O +, O +with O +headache O +, O +facial O +flushing O +, O +palpitations O +, O +edema O +, O +nausea O +, O +anorexia O +, O +and O +dizziness O +being O +the O +more O +common O +adverse O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enhancement O +of O +aminonucleoside B-Chemical +nephrosis O +by O +the O +co O +- O +administration O +of O +protamine O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +experimental O +model O +of O +focal O +segmental O +glomerular O +sclerosis O +( O +FSGS O +) O +was O +developed O +in O +rats O +by O +the O +combined O +administration O +of O +puromycin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminonucleoside I-Chemical +( O +AMNS B-Chemical +) O +and O +protamine B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +( O +PS B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Male O +Sprague O +- O +Dawley O +rats O +, O +uninephrectomized O +three O +weeks O +before O +, O +received O +daily O +injections O +of O +subcutaneous O +AMNS B-Chemical +( O +1 O +mg O +/ O +100 O +g O +body O +wt O +) O +and O +intravenous O +PS B-Chemical +( O +2 O +separated O +doses O +of O +2 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +100 O +g O +body O +wt O +) O +for O +four O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +series O +of O +injections O +were O +repeated O +another O +three O +times O +at O +10 O +day O +intervals O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +animals O +were O +sacrificed O +on O +days O +24 O +, O +52 O +, O +and O +80 O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +developed O +nephrotic O +syndrome O +and O +finally O +renal O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +time O +- O +course O +curve O +of O +creatinine B-Chemical +clearance O +dropped O +and O +showed O +significant O +difference O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +from O +that O +of O +each O +control O +group O +, O +such O +as O +, O +AMNS B-Chemical +alone O +, O +PS B-Chemical +alone O +or O +saline O +injected O +. O + +aps B-category +Their O +glomeruli O +showed O +changes O +of O +progressive O +FSGS O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ultrastructural O +studies O +in O +the O +initial O +stage O +revealed O +significant O +lack O +of O +particles O +of O +perfused O +ruthenium B-Chemical +red O +on O +the O +lamina O +rara O +externa O +and O +marked O +changes O +in O +epithelial O +cell O +cytoplasm O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +it O +is O +suggested O +that O +the O +administration O +of O +PS B-Chemical +enhances O +the O +toxicity O +of O +AMNS B-Chemical +on O +the O +glomerulus O +and O +readily O +produces O +progressive O +FSGS O +in O +rats O +resulting O +in O +the O +end O +- O +stage O +renal O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Theophylline B-Chemical +neurotoxicity O +in O +pregnant O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purpose O +of O +this O +investigation O +was O +to O +determine O +whether O +the O +neurotoxicity O +of O +theophylline B-Chemical +is O +altered O +in O +advanced O +pregnancy O +. O + +aps B-category +Sprague O +- O +Dawley O +rats O +that O +were O +20 O +days O +pregnant O +and O +nonpregnant O +rats O +of O +the O +same O +age O +and O +strain O +received O +infusions O +of O +aminophylline B-Chemical +until O +onset O +of O +maximal O +seizures O +which O +occurred O +after O +28 O +and O +30 O +minutes O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Theophylline B-Chemical +concentrations O +at O +this O +endpoint O +in O +serum O +( O +total O +) O +and O +CSF O +were O +similar O +but O +serum O +( O +free O +) O +and O +brain O +concentrations O +were O +slightly O +different O +in O +pregnant O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Theophylline B-Chemical +serum O +protein O +binding O +determined O +by O +equilibrium O +dialysis O +was O +lower O +in O +pregnant O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Fetal O +serum O +concentrations O +at O +onset O +of O +seizures O +in O +the O +mother O +were O +similar O +to O +maternal O +brain O +and O +CSF O +concentrations O +and O +correlated O +significantly O +with O +the O +former O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +advanced O +pregnancy O +has O +a O +negligible O +effect O +on O +the O +neurotoxic O +response O +to O +theophylline B-Chemical +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Hyperkalemia O +induced O +by O +indomethacin B-Chemical +and O +naproxen B-Chemical +and O +reversed O +by O +fludrocortisone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +described O +a O +patient O +with O +severe O +rheumatoid O +arthritis O +and O +a O +history O +of O +mefenamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +nephropathy O +in O +whom O +hyperkalemia O +and O +inappropriate O +hypoaldosteronism O +were O +caused O +by O +both O +indomethacin B-Chemical +and O +naproxen B-Chemical +, O +without O +major O +decline O +in O +renal O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +likely O +that O +preexisting O +renal O +disease O +predisposed O +this O +patient O +to O +type O +IV O +renal O +tubular O +acidosis O +with O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +synthetase O +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +he O +was O +unable O +to O +discontinue O +nonsteroidal O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +drug O +therapy O +, O +fludrocortisone B-Chemical +was O +added O +, O +correcting O +the O +hyperkalemia O +and O +allowing O +indomethacin B-Chemical +therapy O +to O +be O +continued O +safely O +. O + +aps B-category +Hypotension O +as O +a O +manifestation O +of O +cardiotoxicity O +in O +three O +patients O +receiving O +cisplatin B-Chemical +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluorouracil I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Cardiac O +symptoms O +, O +including O +hypotension O +, O +developed O +in O +three O +patients O +with O +advanced O +colorectal O +carcinoma O +while O +being O +treated O +with O +cisplatin B-Chemical +( O +CDDP B-Chemical +) O +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluorouracil I-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +two O +patients O +, O +hypotension O +was O +associated O +with O +severe O +left O +ventricular O +dysfunction O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +three O +patients O +required O +therapy O +discontinuation O +. O + +aps B-category +Cardiac O +enzymes O +remained O +normal O +despite O +transient O +electrocardiographic O +( O +EKG O +) O +changes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +presentation O +and O +cardiac O +evaluation O +( O +hemodynamic O +, O +echocardiographic O +, O +and O +scintigraphic O +) O +of O +these O +patients O +suggest O +new O +manifestations O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +cardiotoxicity O +that O +may O +be O +influenced O +by O +CDDP B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +possible O +pathophysiologic O +mechanisms O +are O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Fatal O +aplastic O +anemia O +in O +a O +patient O +treated O +with O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +case O +of O +fatal O +aplastic O +anemia O +due O +to O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +treatment O +in O +an O +epileptic O +woman O +is O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +Despite O +concerns O +of O +fatal O +bone O +marrow O +toxicity O +due O +to O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +, O +this O +is O +only O +the O +fourth O +documented O +and O +published O +report O +. O + +aps B-category +Carbamazepine B-Chemical +is O +a O +safe O +drug O +, O +but O +physicians O +and O +patients O +should O +be O +aware O +of O +the O +exceedingly O +rare O +but O +potentially O +fatal O +side O +effects O +, O +better O +prevented O +by O +clinical O +than O +by O +laboratory O +monitoring O +. O + +aps B-category +Participation O +of O +a O +bulbospinal O +serotonergic O +pathway O +in O +the O +rat O +brain O +in O +clonidine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypotension O +and O +bradycardia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +microinjection O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +( O +1 O +- O +10 O +micrograms O +in O +1 O +microliter O +) O +into O +a O +region O +adjacent O +to O +the O +ventrolateral O +surface O +of O +the O +medulla O +oblongata O +on O +cardiovascular O +function O +were O +assessed O +in O +urethane B-Chemical +- O +anesthetized O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Intramedullary O +administration O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +saline O +vehicle O +, O +caused O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +decrease O +in O +both O +the O +mean O +arterial O +pressure O +and O +the O +heart O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +clonidine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypotension O +was O +antagonized O +by O +prior O +spinal O +transection O +, O +but O +not O +bilateral O +vagotomy O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +the O +clonidine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +bradycardia O +was O +antagonized O +by O +prior O +bilateral O +vagotomy O +, O +but O +not O +spinal O +transection O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +selective O +destruction O +of O +the O +spinal O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +nerves O +, O +produced O +by O +bilateral O +spinal O +injection O +of O +5 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +7 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dihydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +, O +reduced O +the O +magnitude O +of O +the O +vasodepressor O +or O +the O +bradycardiac O +responses O +to O +clonidine B-Chemical +microinjected O +into O +the O +area O +near O +the O +ventrolateral O +surface O +of O +the O +medulla O +oblongata O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +indicate O +that O +a O +bulbospinal O +serotonergic O +pathway O +is O +involved O +in O +development O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypotension O +and O +bradycardia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +induced O +hypotension O +is O +brought O +about O +by O +a O +decrease O +in O +sympathetic O +efferent O +activity O +, O +whereas O +the O +induced O +bradycardia O +was O +due O +to O +an O +increase O +in O +vagal O +efferent O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Hypertension O +in O +neuroblastoma O +induced O +by O +imipramine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Hypertension O +is O +a O +well O +- O +known O +finding O +in O +some O +patients O +with O +neuroblastoma O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +it O +has O +not O +previously O +been O +described O +in O +association O +with O +the O +use O +of O +Imipramine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +the O +occurrence O +of O +severe O +hypertension O +( O +blood O +pressure O +190 O +/ O +160 O +) O +in O +a O +4 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +girl O +with O +neuroblastoma O +who O +was O +given O +Imipramine B-Chemical +to O +control O +a O +behavior O +disorder O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +determined O +later O +that O +this O +patient O +' O +s O +tumor O +was O +recurring O +at O +the O +time O +of O +her O +hypertensive O +episode O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +she O +had O +no O +blood O +pressure O +elevation O +at O +initial O +diagnosis O +and O +none O +following O +discontinuation O +of O +the O +Imipramine B-Chemical +( O +when O +she O +was O +in O +florid O +relapse O +) O +, O +we O +believe O +that O +this O +drug O +rather O +than O +her O +underlying O +disease O +alone O +caused O +her O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mechanism O +for O +this O +reaction O +is O +believed O +to O +be O +increased O +levels O +of O +vasoactive O +catecholamines B-Chemical +due O +to O +interference O +of O +their O +physiologic O +inactivation O +by O +Imipramine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +From O +this O +experience O +, O +we O +urge O +extreme O +caution O +in O +the O +use O +of O +tricyclic O +antidepressants O +in O +children O +with O +active O +neuroblastoma O +. O + +aps B-category +Rechallenge O +of O +patients O +who O +developed O +oral O +candidiasis O +or O +hoarseness O +with O +beclomethasone B-Chemical +dipropionate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +158 O +asthmatic O +patients O +who O +were O +placed O +on O +inhaled O +beclomethasone B-Chemical +, O +15 O +( O +9 O +. O +5 O +% O +) O +developed O +either O +hoarseness O +( O +8 O +) O +, O +oral O +thrush O +( O +6 O +) O +, O +or O +both O +( O +1 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +their O +adverse O +reactions O +subsided O +, O +seven O +of O +these O +15 O +patients O +were O +rechallenged O +with O +inhaled O +beclomethasone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +included O +five O +cases O +who O +developed O +hoarseness O +and O +three O +who O +developed O +Candidiasis O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +patient O +had O +both O +. O + +aps B-category +Oral O +thrush O +did O +not O +recur O +, O +but O +60 O +% O +( O +3 O +/ O +5 O +) O +of O +patients O +with O +hoarseness O +had O +recurrence O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +patients O +may O +be O +restarted O +on O +inhaled O +beclomethasone B-Chemical +when O +clinically O +indicated O +; O +however O +, O +because O +of O +the O +high O +recurrence O +rate O +, O +patients O +who O +develop O +hoarseness O +should O +not O +be O +re O +- O +challenged O +. O + +aps B-category +Concomitant O +use O +of O +oral O +prednisone B-Chemical +and O +topical O +beclomethasone B-Chemical +may O +increase O +the O +risk O +of O +developing O +hoarseness O +or O +candidiasis O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +cardiotoxicity O +: O +an O +analysis O +of O +dosing O +as O +a O +risk O +factor O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +who O +undergo O +bone O +marrow O +transplantation O +are O +generally O +immunosuppressed O +with O +a O +dose O +of O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +( O +CYA B-Chemical +) O +which O +is O +usually O +calculated O +based O +on O +the O +patient O +' O +s O +weight O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +these O +high O +doses O +of O +CYA B-Chemical +, O +serious O +cardiotoxicity O +may O +occur O +, O +but O +definitive O +risk O +factors O +for O +the O +development O +of O +such O +cardiotoxicity O +have O +not O +been O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +chemotherapeutic O +agent O +toxicity O +generally O +correlates O +with O +dose O +per O +body O +surface O +area O +, O +we O +retrospectively O +calculated O +the O +dose O +of O +CYA B-Chemical +in O +patients O +transplanted O +at O +our O +institution O +to O +determine O +whether O +the O +incidence O +of O +CYA B-Chemical +cardiotoxicity O +correlated O +with O +the O +dose O +per O +body O +surface O +area O +. O + +aps B-category +Eighty O +patients O +who O +were O +to O +receive O +CYA B-Chemical +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +/ O +d O +for O +four O +days O +as O +preparation O +for O +marrow O +grafting O +underwent O +a O +total O +of O +84 O +transplants O +for O +aplastic O +anemia O +, O +Wiskott O +- O +Aldrich O +syndrome O +, O +or O +severe O +combined O +immunodeficiency O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +Fourteen O +of O +84 O +( O +17 O +% O +) O +patients O +had O +symptoms O +and O +signs O +consistent O +with O +CYA B-Chemical +cardiotoxicity O +within O +ten O +days O +of O +receiving O +1 O +to O +4 O +doses O +of O +CYA B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Six O +of O +the O +14 O +patients O +died O +with O +congestive O +heart O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dose O +of O +CYA B-Chemical +per O +body O +surface O +area O +was O +calculated O +for O +all O +patients O +and O +the O +patients O +were O +divided O +into O +two O +groups O +based O +on O +daily O +CYA B-Chemical +dose O +: O +Group O +1 O +, O +CYA B-Chemical +less O +than O +or O +equal O +to O +1 O +. O +55 O +g O +/ O +m2 O +/ O +d O +; O +Group O +2 O +, O +CYA B-Chemical +greater O +than O +1 O +. O +55 O +g O +/ O +m2 O +/ O +d O +. O + +aps B-category +Cardiotoxicity O +that O +was O +thought O +to O +be O +related O +to O +CYA B-Chemical +occurred O +in O +1 O +/ O +32 O +( O +3 O +% O +) O +of O +patients O +in O +Group O +1 O +and O +in O +13 O +/ O +52 O +( O +25 O +% O +) O +patients O +in O +Group O +2 O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +025 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Congestive O +heart O +failure O +caused O +or O +contributed O +to O +death O +in O +0 O +/ O +32 O +patients O +in O +Group O +1 O +v O +6 O +/ O +52 O +( O +12 O +% O +) O +of O +patients O +in O +Group O +2 O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +25 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +difference O +in O +the O +rate O +of O +engraftment O +of O +evaluable O +patients O +in O +the O +two O +groups O +( O +P O +greater O +than O +0 O +. O +5 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +the O +CYA B-Chemical +cardiotoxicity O +correlates O +with O +CYA B-Chemical +dosage O +as O +calculated O +by O +body O +surface O +area O +, O +and O +that O +patients O +with O +aplastic O +anemia O +and O +immunodeficiencies O +can O +be O +effectively O +prepared O +for O +bone O +marrow O +grafting O +at O +a O +CYA B-Chemical +dose O +of O +1 O +. O +55 O +g O +/ O +m2 O +/ O +d O +for O +four O +days O +with O +a O +lower O +incidence O +of O +cardiotoxicity O +than O +patients O +whose O +CYA B-Chemical +dosage O +is O +calculated O +based O +on O +weight O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +reaffirms O +the O +principle O +that O +drug O +toxicity O +correlates O +with O +dose O +per O +body O +surface O +area O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +of O +risk O +factors O +for O +aminoglycoside B-Chemical +nephrotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +epidemiology O +of O +aminoglycoside B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephrotoxicity O +is O +not O +fully O +understood O +. O + +aps B-category +Experimental O +studies O +in O +healthy O +human O +volunteers O +indicate O +aminoglycosides B-Chemical +cause O +proximal O +tubular O +damage O +in O +most O +patients O +, O +but O +rarely O +, O +if O +ever O +, O +cause O +glomerular O +or O +tubular O +dysfunction O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +trials O +of O +aminoglycosides B-Chemical +in O +seriously O +ill O +patients O +indicate O +that O +the O +relative O +risk O +for O +developing O +acute O +renal O +failure O +during O +therapy O +ranges O +from O +8 O +to O +10 O +and O +that O +the O +attributable O +risk O +is O +70 O +% O +to O +80 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +analysis O +of O +these O +data O +suggests O +that O +the O +duration O +of O +therapy O +, O +plasma O +aminoglycoside B-Chemical +levels O +, O +liver O +disease O +, O +advanced O +age O +, O +high O +initial O +estimated O +creatinine B-Chemical +clearance O +and O +, O +possibly O +, O +female O +gender O +all O +increase O +the O +risk O +for O +nephrotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +causes O +of O +acute O +renal O +failure O +, O +such O +as O +shock O +, O +appear O +to O +have O +an O +additive O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Predictive O +models O +have O +been O +developed O +from O +these O +analyses O +that O +should O +be O +useful O +for O +identifying O +patients O +at O +high O +risk O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +models O +may O +also O +be O +useful O +in O +developing O +insights O +into O +the O +pathophysiology O +of O +aminoglycoside B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephrotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Central O +action O +of O +narcotic O +analgesics O +. O + +aps B-category +Part O +IV O +. O + +aps B-category +Noradrenergic O +influences O +on O +the O +activity O +of O +analgesics O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +, O +naphazoline B-Chemical +and O +xylometazoline B-Chemical +on O +analgesia O +induced O +by O +morphine B-Chemical +, O +codeine B-Chemical +, O +fentanyl B-Chemical +and O +pentazocine B-Chemical +, O +and O +on O +cataleptic O +effect O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +, O +codine B-Chemical +and O +fentanyl B-Chemical +was O +studied O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +biochemical O +assays O +on O +the O +influence O +of O +four O +analgesics O +on O +the O +brain O +concentration O +and O +turnover O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +( O +NA B-Chemical +) O +were O +also O +performed O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +NA B-Chemical +turnover O +was O +not O +altered O +by O +analgesics O +except O +for O +the O +higher O +dose O +of O +fentanyl B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +following O +which O +the O +disappearance O +of O +NA B-Chemical +from O +the O +brain O +was O +diminished O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +are O +discussed O +in O +the O +light O +of O +various O +and O +non O +- O +uniform O +data O +from O +the O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +in O +rats O +the O +brain O +NA B-Chemical +plays O +a O +less O +important O +function O +than O +the O +other O +monoamines B-Chemical +in O +the O +behavioural O +activity O +of O +potent O +analgesics O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Downbeat O +nystagmus O +is O +often O +associated O +with O +structural O +lesions O +at O +the O +craniocervical O +junction O +, O +but O +has O +occasionally O +been O +reported O +as O +a O +manifestation O +of O +metabolic O +imbalance O +or O +drug O +intoxication O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +recorded O +the O +eye O +movements O +of O +two O +patients O +with O +reversible O +downbeat O +nystagmus O +related O +to O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +nystagmus O +of O +both O +patients O +resolved O +after O +reduction O +of O +the O +serum O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuroradiologic O +investigations O +including O +magnetic O +resonance O +imaging O +scans O +in O +both O +patients O +showed O +no O +evidence O +of O +intracranial O +abnormality O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Glomeruli O +of O +PAN B-Chemical +rats O +contained O +significantly O +more O +CC O +than O +glomeruli O +of O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +Glomeruli O +with O +sclerosis O +contained O +significantly O +more O +CC O +than O +non O +- O +sclerotic O +glomeruli O +in O +the O +same O +kidneys O +. O + +aps B-category +CC O +was O +preferentially O +localized O +within O +the O +sclerotic O +areas O +of O +the O +affected O +glomeruli O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +mesangial O +CC O +clearance O +from O +the O +mesangium O +did O +not O +change O +during O +chronic O +PAN B-Chemical +treatment O +, O +we O +conclude O +that O +this O +preferential O +CC O +localization O +within O +the O +lesions O +is O +caused O +by O +an O +increased O +CC O +uptake O +shortly O +after O +injection O +in O +apparent O +vulnerable O +areas O +where O +sclerosis O +will O +develop O +subsequently O +. O + +aps B-category +Cluster O +analysis O +showed O +a O +random O +distribution O +of O +lesions O +in O +the O +PAN B-Chemical +glomeruli O +in O +concordance O +with O +the O +random O +localization O +of O +mesangial O +areas O +with O +dysfunction O +in O +this O +model O +. O + +aps B-category +Similar O +to O +the O +remnant O +kidney O +model O +in O +PAN B-Chemical +nephrosis O +the O +development O +of O +glomerular O +sclerosis O +may O +be O +related O +to O +" O +mesangial O +overloading O +. O +" O + +aps B-category +Relationship O +between O +nicotine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +seizures O +and O +hippocampal O +nicotinic O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +controversy O +has O +existed O +for O +several O +years O +concerning O +the O +physiological O +relevance O +of O +the O +nicotinic O +receptor O +measured O +by O +alpha O +- O +bungarotoxin O +binding O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +mice O +derived O +from O +a O +classical O +F2 O +and O +backcross O +genetic O +design O +, O +a O +relationship O +between O +nicotine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +seizures O +and O +alpha O +- O +bungarotoxin O +nicotinic O +receptor O +concentration O +was O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +Mice O +sensitive O +to O +the O +convulsant O +effects O +of O +nicotine B-Chemical +had O +greater O +alpha O +- O +bungarotoxin O +binding O +in O +the O +hippocampus O +than O +seizure O +insensitive O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +binding O +sites O +from O +seizure O +sensitive O +and O +resistant O +mice O +were O +equally O +affected O +by O +treatment O +with O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +, O +trypsin O +or O +heat O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +it O +appears O +that O +the O +difference O +between O +seizure O +sensitive O +and O +insensitive O +animals O +may O +be O +due O +to O +a O +difference O +in O +hippocampal O +nicotinic O +receptor O +concentration O +as O +measured O +with O +alpha O +- O +bungarotoxin O +binding O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +p B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminophenol I-Chemical +in O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephrotoxicity O +: O +effect O +of O +bis B-Chemical +( I-Chemical +p I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nitrophenyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +on O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +and O +p B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminophenol I-Chemical +nephrotoxicity O +and O +metabolism O +in O +Fischer O +344 O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Acetaminophen B-Chemical +( O +APAP B-Chemical +) O +produces O +proximal O +tubular O +necrosis O +in O +Fischer O +344 O +( O +F344 O +) O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Recently O +, O +p B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminophenol I-Chemical +( O +PAP B-Chemical +) O +, O +a O +known O +potent O +nephrotoxicant O +, O +was O +identified O +as O +a O +metabolite O +of O +APAP B-Chemical +in O +F344 O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purpose O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +determine O +if O +PAP B-Chemical +formation O +is O +a O +requisite O +step O +in O +APAP B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephrotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +the O +effect O +of O +bis B-Chemical +( I-Chemical +p I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nitrophenyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +( O +BNPP B-Chemical +) O +, O +an O +acylamidase O +inhibitor O +, O +on O +APAP B-Chemical +and O +PAP B-Chemical +nephrotoxicity O +and O +metabolism O +was O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +BNPP B-Chemical +( O +1 O +to O +8 O +mM O +) O +reduced O +APAP B-Chemical +deacetylation O +and O +covalent O +binding O +in O +F344 O +renal O +cortical O +homogenates O +in O +a O +concentration O +- O +dependent O +manner O +. O + +aps B-category +Pretreatment O +of O +animals O +with O +BNPP B-Chemical +prior O +to O +APAP B-Chemical +or O +PAP B-Chemical +administration O +resulted O +in O +marked O +reduction O +of O +APAP B-Chemical +( O +900 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +nephrotoxicity O +but O +not O +PAP B-Chemical +nephrotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +result O +was O +not O +due O +to O +altered O +disposition O +of O +either O +APAP B-Chemical +or O +acetylated O +metabolites O +in O +plasma O +or O +renal O +cortical O +and O +hepatic O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +Rather O +, O +BNPP B-Chemical +pretreatment O +reduced O +the O +fraction O +of O +APAP B-Chemical +excreted O +as O +PAP B-Chemical +by O +64 O +and O +75 O +% O +after O +APAP B-Chemical +doses O +of O +750 O +and O +900 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +. O + +aps B-category +BNPP B-Chemical +did O +not O +alter O +the O +excretion O +of O +APAP B-Chemical +or O +any O +of O +its O +non O +- O +deacetylated O +metabolites O +nor O +did O +BNPP B-Chemical +alter O +excretion O +of O +PAP B-Chemical +or O +its O +metabolites O +after O +PAP B-Chemical +doses O +of O +150 O +and O +300 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +the O +BNPP B-Chemical +- O +induced O +reduction O +in O +APAP B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephrotoxicity O +appears O +to O +be O +due O +to O +inhibition O +of O +APAP B-Chemical +deacetylation O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +PAP B-Chemical +formation O +, O +in O +vivo O +, O +accounts O +, O +at O +least O +in O +part O +, O +for O +APAP B-Chemical +- O +induced O +renal O +tubular O +necrosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Morphine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +seizures O +in O +newborn O +infants O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +neonates O +suffered O +from O +generalized O +seizures O +during O +the O +course O +of O +intravenous O +morphine B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +for O +post O +- O +operative O +analgesia O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +received O +morphine B-Chemical +in O +doses O +of O +32 O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +/ O +hr O +and O +40 O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +/ O +hr O +larger O +than O +a O +group O +of O +10 O +neonates O +who O +received O +6 O +- O +24 O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +/ O +hr O +and O +had O +no O +seizures O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +concentrations O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +in O +these O +neonates O +was O +excessive O +( O +60 O +and O +90 O +mg O +/ O +ml O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +known O +reasons O +for O +seizures O +were O +ruled O +out O +and O +the O +convulsions O +stopped O +a O +few O +hours O +after O +cessation O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +did O +not O +reoccur O +in O +the O +subsequent O +8 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +post O +- O +operative O +intravenous O +morphine B-Chemical +should O +not O +exceed O +20 O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +/ O +ml O +in O +neonates O +. O + +aps B-category +Indomethacin B-Chemical +induced O +hypotension O +in O +sodium B-Chemical +and O +volume O +depleted O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +a O +single O +oral O +dose O +of O +4 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +indomethacin B-Chemical +( O +IDM B-Chemical +) O +to O +sodium B-Chemical +and O +volume O +depleted O +rats O +plasma O +renin O +activity O +( O +PRA O +) O +and O +systolic O +blood O +pressure O +fell O +significantly O +within O +four O +hours O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +sodium B-Chemical +repleted O +animals O +indomethacin B-Chemical +did O +not O +change O +systolic O +blood O +pressure O +( O +BP O +) O +although O +plasma O +renin O +activity O +was O +decreased O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +indomethacin B-Chemical +by O +inhibition O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +synthesis O +may O +diminish O +the O +blood O +pressure O +maintaining O +effect O +of O +the O +stimulated O +renin O +- O +angiotensin B-Chemical +system O +in O +sodium B-Chemical +and O +volume O +depletion O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +antiarrhythmic O +activity O +of O +one O +N O +- O +substituted O +piperazine B-Chemical +derivative O +of O +trans B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tetrahydroanaphthalene I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +antiarrhythmic O +activity O +of O +the O +compound O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +trans I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tetrahydro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +naphthyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +N I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phenyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylpropyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +piperazine I-Chemical +hydrochloride I-Chemical +, O +referred O +to O +as O +P11 B-Chemical +, O +is O +studied O +on O +anaesthesized O +cats O +and O +Wistar O +albino O +rats O +, O +as O +well O +as O +on O +non O +- O +anaesthesized O +rabbits O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +types O +of O +experimental O +arrhythmia O +are O +used O +- O +- O +with O +BaCl2 B-Chemical +, O +with O +chloroform B-Chemical +- O +adrenaline B-Chemical +, O +with O +strophantine B-Chemical +G I-Chemical +and O +with O +aconitine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +compound O +P11 B-Chemical +is O +introduced O +in O +doses O +of O +0 O +. O +25 O +and O +0 O +. O +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +intravenously O +and O +10 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +orally O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +compound O +manifests O +antiarrhythmic O +activity O +in O +all O +models O +of O +experimental O +arrhythmia O +used O +, O +causing O +greatest O +inhibition O +on O +the O +arrhythmia O +induced O +by O +chloroform B-Chemical +- O +adrenaline B-Chemical +( O +in O +90 O +per O +cent O +) O +and O +with O +BaCl2 B-Chemical +( O +in O +84 O +per O +cent O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +obtained O +are O +associated O +with O +the O +beta O +- O +adrenoblocking O +and O +with O +the O +membrane O +- O +stabilizing O +action O +of O +the O +compound O +. O + +aps B-category +Recurrent O +subarachnoid O +hemorrhage O +associated O +with O +aminocaproic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +therapy O +and O +acute O +renal O +artery O +thrombosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Case O +report O +. O + +aps B-category +Epsilon B-Chemical +aminocaproic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +EACA B-Chemical +) O +has O +been O +used O +to O +prevent O +rebleeding O +in O +patients O +with O +subarachnoid O +hemorrhage O +( O +SAH O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +this O +agent O +does O +decrease O +the O +frequency O +of O +rebleeding O +, O +several O +reports O +have O +described O +thrombotic O +complications O +of O +EACA B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +complications O +have O +included O +clinical O +deterioration O +and O +intracranial O +vascular O +thrombosis O +in O +patients O +with O +SAH O +, O +arteriolar O +and O +capillary O +fibrin O +thrombi O +in O +patients O +with O +fibrinolytic O +syndromes O +treated O +with O +EACA B-Chemical +, O +or O +other O +thromboembolic O +phenomena O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +intravascular O +fibrin O +thrombi O +are O +often O +observed O +in O +patients O +with O +fibrinolytic O +disorders O +, O +EACA B-Chemical +should O +not O +be O +implicated O +in O +the O +pathogenesis O +of O +fibrin O +thrombi O +in O +patients O +with O +disseminated O +intravascular O +coagulation O +or O +other O +" O +consumption O +coagulopathies O +. O +" O +This O +report O +describes O +subtotal O +infarction O +of O +the O +kidney O +due O +to O +thrombosis O +of O +a O +normal O +renal O +artery O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +occlusion O +occurred O +after O +EACA B-Chemical +therapy O +in O +a O +patient O +with O +SAH O +and O +histopathological O +documentation O +of O +recurrent O +SAH O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +corresponding O +clinical O +event O +was O +characterized O +by O +marked O +hypertension O +and O +abrupt O +neurological O +deterioration O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +vincristine B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +on O +Pseudomonas O +infections O +in O +monkeys O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +rhesus O +monkeys O +, O +intravenous O +challenge O +with O +0 O +. O +6 O +x O +10 O +( O +10 O +) O +to O +2 O +. O +2 O +x O +10 O +( O +10 O +) O +Pseudomonas O +aeruginosa O +organisms O +caused O +acute O +illness O +of O +4 O +to O +5 O +days O +' O +duration O +with O +spontaneous O +recovery O +in O +13 O +of O +15 O +monkeys O +; O +blood O +cultures O +became O +negative O +3 O +to O +17 O +days O +after O +challenge O +. O + +aps B-category +Leukocytosis O +was O +observed O +in O +all O +monkeys O +. O + +aps B-category +Intravenous O +or O +intratracheal O +inoculation O +of O +2 O +. O +0 O +to O +2 O +. O +5 O +mg O +of O +vincristine B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +was O +followed O +by O +leukopenia O +in O +4 O +to O +5 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +Intravenous O +inoculation O +of O +4 O +. O +2 O +x O +10 O +( O +10 O +) O +to O +7 O +. O +8 O +x O +10 O +( O +10 O +) O +pyocin O +type O +6 O +Pseudomonas O +organisms O +in O +monkeys O +given O +vincristine B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +4 O +days O +previously O +resulted O +in O +fatal O +infection O +in O +11 O +of O +14 O +monkeys O +, O +whereas O +none O +of O +four O +receiving O +Pseudomonas O +alone O +died O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +studies O +suggest O +that O +an O +antimetabolite O +- O +induced O +leukopenia O +predisposes O +to O +severe O +Pseudomonas O +sepsis O +and O +that O +such O +monkeys O +may O +serve O +as O +a O +biological O +model O +for O +study O +of O +comparative O +efficacy O +of O +antimicrobial O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +Modification O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +of O +cardiovascular O +effects O +of O +induced O +hypoglycaemia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cardiovascular O +effects O +of O +hypoglycaemia O +, O +with O +and O +without O +beta O +- O +blockade O +, O +were O +compared O +in O +fourteen O +healthy O +men O +. O + +aps B-category +Eight O +received O +insulin O +alone O +, O +and O +eight O +, O +including O +two O +of O +the O +original O +insulin O +- O +only O +group O +, O +were O +given O +propranolol B-Chemical +and O +insulin O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +insulin O +- O +group O +the O +period O +of O +hypoglycaemia O +was O +associated O +with O +an O +increase O +in O +heart O +- O +rate O +and O +a O +fall O +in O +diastolic O +blood O +- O +pressure O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +propranolol B-Chemical +- O +insulin O +group O +there O +was O +a O +significant O +fall O +in O +heart O +- O +rate O +in O +most O +subjects O +and O +an O +increase O +in O +diastolic O +pressure O +. O + +aps B-category +Typical O +S O +- O +T O +/ O +T O +changes O +occurred O +in O +the O +insulin O +- O +group O +but O +in O +none O +of O +the O +propranolol B-Chemical +- O +insulin O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +Hypertension O +in O +diabetics O +prone O +to O +hypoglycaemia O +attacks O +should O +not O +be O +treated O +with O +beta O +- O +blockers O +because O +these O +drugs O +may O +cause O +a O +sharp O +rise O +in O +blood O +- O +pressure O +in O +such O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Long O +- O +term O +propranolol B-Chemical +therapy O +in O +pregnancy O +: O +maternal O +and O +fetal O +outcome O +. O + +aps B-category +Propranolol B-Chemical +, O +a O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blocking O +agent O +, O +has O +found O +an O +important O +position O +in O +the O +practice O +of O +medicine O +. O + +aps B-category +Its O +use O +in O +pregnancy O +, O +however O +, O +is O +an O +open O +question O +as O +a O +number O +of O +detrimental O +side O +effects O +have O +been O +reported O +in O +the O +fetus O +and O +neonate O +. O + +aps B-category +Ten O +patients O +and O +12 O +pregnancies O +are O +reported O +where O +chronic O +propranolol B-Chemical +has O +been O +administered O +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +patients O +with O +serial O +pregnancies O +with O +and O +without O +propranolol B-Chemical +therapy O +are O +also O +examined O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Hexabrix B-Chemical +and O +Vasurix B-Chemical +polyvidone I-Chemical +are O +considered O +the O +best O +contrast B-Chemical +media I-Chemical +for O +hysterosalpingography O +and O +perhaps O +because O +of O +its O +low O +toxicity O +Hexabrix B-Chemical +should O +be O +preferred O +. O + +aps B-category +Post O +- O +suxamethonium B-Chemical +pains O +in O +Nigerian O +surgical O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Contrary O +to O +an O +earlier O +report O +by O +Coxon O +, O +scoline B-Chemical +pain O +occurs O +in O +African O +negroes O +. O + +aps B-category +Its O +incidence O +was O +determined O +in O +a O +prospective O +study O +involving O +a O +total O +of O +100 O +Nigerian O +patients O +( O +50 O +out O +- O +patients O +and O +50 O +in O +- O +patients O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +About O +62 O +% O +of O +the O +out O +- O +patients O +developed O +scoline B-Chemical +pain O +as O +compared O +with O +about O +26 O +% O +among O +the O +in O +- O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +abolition O +of O +muscle O +fasciculations O +( O +by O +0 O +. O +075mg O +/ O +kg O +dose O +of O +Fazadinium B-Chemical +) O +did O +not O +influence O +the O +occurrence O +of O +scoline B-Chemical +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +the O +type O +of O +induction O +agent O +( O +Althesin B-Chemical +or O +Thiopentone B-Chemical +) O +nor O +the O +salt O +preparation O +of O +suxamethonium B-Chemical +used O +( O +chloride B-Chemical +or O +bromide B-Chemical +) O +, O +affected O +the O +incidence O +of O +scoline B-Chemical +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +Invasive O +carcinoma O +of O +the O +renal O +pelvis O +following O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +therapy O +for O +nonmalignant O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +47 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +with O +right O +hydroureteronephrosis O +due O +to O +ureterovesical O +junction O +obstruction O +had O +gross O +hematuria O +after O +being O +treated O +for O +five O +years O +wtih O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +for O +cerebral O +vasculitis O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +right O +nephroureterectomy O +was O +required O +for O +control O +of O +bleeding O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pathology O +specimen O +contained O +clinically O +occult O +invasive O +carcinoma O +of O +the O +renal O +pelvis O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +the O +ability O +of O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +to O +cause O +hemorrhagic O +cystitis O +and O +urine O +cytologic O +abnormalities O +indistinguishable O +from O +high O +grade O +carcinoma O +is O +well O +known O +, O +it O +is O +less O +widely O +appreciated O +that O +it O +is O +also O +associated O +with O +carcinoma O +of O +the O +urinary O +tract O +. O + +aps B-category +Twenty O +carcinomas O +of O +the O +urinary O +bladder O +and O +one O +carcinoma O +of O +the O +prostate O +have O +been O +reported O +in O +association O +with O +its O +use O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +case O +is O +the O +first O +carcinoma O +of O +the O +renal O +pelvis O +reported O +in O +association O +with O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +the O +third O +urinary O +tract O +cancer O +reported O +in O +association O +with O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +treatment O +for O +nonmalignant O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +association O +of O +the O +tumor O +with O +preexisting O +hydroureteronephrosis O +suggests O +that O +stasis O +prolonged O +and O +intensified O +exposure O +of O +upper O +urinary O +tract O +epithelium O +to O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +who O +are O +candidates O +for O +long O +- O +term O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +treatment O +should O +be O +routinely O +evaluated O +for O +obstructive O +uropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Medial O +changes O +in O +arterial O +spasm O +induced O +by O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +norepinephrine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +normal O +rats O +, O +the O +media O +of O +small O +arteries O +( O +0 O +. O +4 O +- O +- O +0 O +. O +2 O +mm O +in O +diameter O +) O +previously O +was O +shown O +to O +contain O +intracellular O +vacuoles O +, O +identified O +ultrastructurally O +as O +herniations O +of O +one O +smooth O +muscle O +cell O +into O +another O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hypothesis O +that O +intense O +vasoconstriction O +would O +increase O +the O +number O +of O +such O +vacuoles O +has O +been O +tested O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +media O +of O +the O +saphenous O +artery O +and O +its O +distal O +branch O +, O +vasoconstriction O +induced O +by O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +norepinephrine I-Chemical +produced O +many O +cell O +- O +to O +- O +cell O +hernias O +within O +15 O +minutes O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +1 O +day O +their O +number O +was O +reduced O +to O +about O +1 O +/ O +10 O +of O +the O +original O +number O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +7 O +days O +the O +vessel O +was O +almost O +restored O +to O +normal O +. O + +aps B-category +Triple O +stimulation O +over O +1 O +day O +induced O +more O +severe O +changes O +in O +the O +media O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +suggest O +that O +smooth O +muscle O +cells O +are O +susceptible O +to O +damage O +in O +the O +course O +of O +their O +specific O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +experimental O +data O +are O +discussed O +in O +relation O +to O +medial O +changes O +observed O +in O +other O +instances O +of O +arterial O +spasm O +. O + +aps B-category +Endothelial O +changes O +that O +developed O +in O +the O +same O +experimental O +model O +were O +described O +in O +a O +previous O +paper O +. O + +aps B-category +Bilateral O +retinal O +artery O +and O +choriocapillaris O +occlusion O +following O +the O +injection O +of O +long O +- O +acting O +corticosteroid B-Chemical +suspensions O +in O +combination O +with O +other O +drugs O +: O +I O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +well O +- O +documented O +cases O +of O +bilateral O +retinal O +artery O +and O +choriocapillaris O +occlusions O +with O +blindness O +following O +head O +and O +neck O +soft O +- O +tissue O +injection O +with O +methylprednisolone B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +in O +combination O +with O +lidocaine B-Chemical +, O +epinephrine B-Chemical +, O +or O +penicillin B-Chemical +are O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +case O +had O +only O +a O +unilateral O +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +acute O +observations O +included O +hazy O +sensorium O +, O +superior O +gaze O +palsy O +, O +pupillary O +abnormalities O +, O +and O +conjunctival O +hemorrhages O +with O +edema O +. O + +aps B-category +Follow O +- O +up O +changes O +showed O +marked O +visual O +loss O +, O +constricted O +visual O +fields O +, O +optic O +nerve O +pallor O +, O +vascular O +attenuation O +, O +and O +chorioretinal O +atrophy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +literature O +is O +reviewed O +, O +and O +possible O +causes O +are O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Abnormalities O +of O +the O +pupil O +and O +visual O +- O +evoked O +potential O +in O +quinine B-Chemical +amblyopia O +. O + +aps B-category +Total O +blindness O +with O +a O +transient O +tonic O +pupillary O +response O +, O +denervation O +supersensitivity O +, O +and O +abnormal O +visual O +- O +evoked O +potentials O +developed O +in O +a O +54 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +man O +after O +the O +use O +of O +quinine B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +for O +leg O +cramps O +. O + +aps B-category +He O +later O +recovered O +normal O +visual O +acuity O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +transient O +tonic O +pupillary O +response O +, O +denervation O +supersensitivity O +, O +and O +abnormal O +visual O +- O +evoked O +potentials O +in O +quinine B-Chemical +toxicity O +, O +to O +our O +knowledge O +, O +have O +not O +been O +previously O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +Suxamethonium B-Chemical +- O +induced O +jaw O +stiffness O +and O +myalgia O +associated O +with O +atypical O +cholinesterase O +: O +case O +report O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +11 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +boy O +was O +given O +halothane B-Chemical +, O +nitrous B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +and O +oxygen B-Chemical +, O +pancuronium B-Chemical +0 O +. O +4 O +mg O +and O +suxamethonium B-Chemical +100 O +mg O +for O +induction O +of O +anaesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +response O +to O +this O +a O +marked O +jaw O +stiffness O +occurred O +which O +lasted O +for O +two O +minutes O +and O +the O +anaesthesia O +were O +terminated O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +hours O +of O +apnoea O +ensued O +and O +he O +suffered O +generalized O +severe O +myalgia O +lasting O +for O +one O +week O +. O + +aps B-category +He O +was O +found O +to O +have O +atypical O +plasma O +cholinesterase O +with O +a O +dibucaine B-Chemical +number O +of O +12 O +, O +indicating O +homozygocity O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +was O +verified O +by O +study O +of O +the O +family O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +case O +shows O +that O +prolonged O +jaw O +rigidity O +and O +myalgia O +may O +occur O +after O +suxamethonium B-Chemical +in O +patients O +with O +atypical O +cholinesterase O +despite O +pretreatment O +with O +pancuronium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Indomethacin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hyperkalemia O +in O +three O +patients O +with O +gouty O +arthritis O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +three O +patients O +in O +whom O +severe O +, O +life O +- O +threatening O +hyperkalemia O +and O +renal O +insufficiency O +developed O +after O +treatment O +of O +acute O +gouty O +arthritis O +with O +indomethacin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +complication O +may O +result O +from O +an O +inhibition O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +synthesis O +and O +consequent O +hyporeninemic O +hypoaidosteronism O +. O + +aps B-category +Careful O +attention O +to O +renal O +function O +and O +potassium B-Chemical +balance O +in O +patients O +receiving O +indomethacin B-Chemical +or O +other O +nonsteroidal O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +agents O +, O +particularly O +in O +those O +patients O +with O +diabetes O +mellitus O +or O +preexisting O +renal O +disease O +, O +will O +help O +prevent O +this O +potentially O +serious O +complication O +. O + +aps B-category +Etomidate B-Chemical +: O +a O +foreshortened O +clinical O +trial O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +clinical O +evaluation O +of O +etomidate B-Chemical +for O +outpatient O +cystoscopy O +was O +embarked O +upon O +. O + +aps B-category +Unpremedicated O +patients O +were O +given O +fentanyl B-Chemical +1 O +microgram O +/ O +kg O +followed O +by O +etomidate B-Chemical +0 O +. O +3 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +. O + +aps B-category +Anaesthesia O +was O +maintained O +with O +intermittent O +etomidate B-Chemical +in O +2 O +- O +4 O +mg O +doses O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +were O +interviewed O +personally O +later O +the O +same O +day O +, O +and O +by O +questionnaire O +three O +to O +four O +weeks O +later O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +trial O +was O +discontinued O +after O +20 O +cases O +because O +of O +an O +unacceptable O +incidence O +of O +side O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Venous O +pain O +occurred O +in O +68 O +% O +of O +patients O +and O +50 O +% O +had O +redness O +, O +pain O +or O +swelling O +related O +to O +the O +injection O +site O +, O +in O +some O +cases O +lasting O +up O +to O +three O +weeks O +after O +anaesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +Skeletal O +movements O +occurred O +in O +50 O +% O +of O +patients O +; O +30 O +% O +experienced O +respiratory O +upset O +, O +one O +sufficiently O +severe O +to O +necessitate O +abandoning O +the O +technique O +. O + +aps B-category +Nausea O +and O +vomiting O +occurred O +in O +40 O +% O +and O +25 O +% O +had O +disturbing O +emergence O +psychoses O +. O + +aps B-category +Levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +dyskinesias O +are O +improved O +by O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +evaluated O +the O +severity O +of O +motor O +disability O +and O +dyskinesias O +in O +seven O +levodopa B-Chemical +- O +responsive O +patients O +with O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +after O +an O +acute O +challenge O +with O +the O +mixed O +dopamine B-Chemical +agonist O +, O +apomorphine B-Chemical +, O +before O +and O +after O +the O +administration O +of O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +( O +20 O +mg O +twice O +per O +day O +) O +for O +11 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +treatment O +, O +there O +was O +a O +significant O +47 O +% O +improvement O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +of O +apomorphine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +dyskinesias O +without O +modification O +of O +parkinsonian O +motor O +disability O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dyskinesias O +were O +reduced O +predominantly O +in O +the O +lower O +limbs O +during O +the O +onset O +and O +disappearance O +of O +dystonic O +dyskinesias O +( O +onset O +- O +and O +end O +- O +of O +- O +dose O +dyskinesias O +) O +and O +in O +the O +upper O +limbs O +during O +choreic O +mid O +- O +dose O +dyskinesias O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +suggest O +that O +increased O +brain O +serotoninergic O +transmission O +with O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +may O +reduce O +levodopa B-Chemical +- O +or O +dopamine B-Chemical +agonist O +- O +induced O +dyskinesias O +without O +aggravating O +parkinsonian O +motor O +disability O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +large O +population O +- O +based O +follow O +- O +up O +study O +of O +trimethoprim B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sulfamethoxazole I-Chemical +, O +trimethoprim B-Chemical +, O +and O +cephalexin B-Chemical +for O +uncommon O +serious O +drug O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conducted O +a O +population O +- O +based O +45 O +- O +day O +follow O +- O +up O +study O +of O +232 O +, O +390 O +people O +who O +were O +prescribed O +trimethoprim B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sulfamethoxazole I-Chemical +( O +TMP B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +SMZ I-Chemical +) O +, O +266 O +, O +951 O +prescribed O +trimethoprim B-Chemical +alone O +, O +and O +196 O +, O +397 O +prescribed O +cephalexin B-Chemical +, O +to O +estimate O +the O +risk O +of O +serious O +liver O +, O +blood O +, O +skin O +, O +and O +renal O +disorders O +resulting O +in O +referral O +or O +hospitalization O +associated O +with O +these O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +were O +based O +on O +information O +recorded O +on O +office O +computers O +by O +selected O +general O +practitioners O +in O +the O +United O +Kingdom O +, O +together O +with O +a O +review O +of O +clinical O +records O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +risk O +of O +clinically O +important O +idiopathic O +liver O +disease O +was O +similar O +for O +persons O +prescribed O +TMP B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +SMZ I-Chemical +( O +5 O +. O +2 O +/ O +100 O +, O +000 O +) O +and O +those O +prescribed O +trimethoprim B-Chemical +alone O +( O +3 O +. O +8 O +/ O +100 O +, O +000 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +risk O +for O +those O +prescribed O +cephalexin B-Chemical +was O +somewhat O +lower O +( O +2 O +. O +0 O +/ O +100 O +, O +000 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +five O +patients O +experienced O +blood O +disorders O +, O +one O +of O +whom O +was O +exposed O +to O +TMP B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +SMZ I-Chemical +; O +of O +seven O +with O +erythema O +multiforme O +and O +Stevens O +- O +Johnson O +syndrome O +, O +four O +were O +exposed O +to O +TMP B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +SMZ I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +one O +case O +of O +toxic O +epidermal O +necrolysis O +occurred O +in O +a O +patient O +who O +took O +cephalexin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Finally O +, O +only O +five O +cases O +of O +acute O +parenchymal O +renal O +disease O +occurred O +, O +none O +likely O +to O +be O +caused O +by O +a O +study O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +the O +risk O +of O +the O +serious O +diseases O +studied O +is O +small O +for O +the O +three O +agents O +, O +and O +compares O +reasonably O +with O +the O +risk O +for O +many O +other O +antibiotics O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +safety O +of O +lidocaine B-Chemical +in O +patients O +with O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +associated O +myocardial O +infarction O +. O + +aps B-category +STUDY O +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +evaluate O +the O +safety O +of O +lidocaine B-Chemical +in O +the O +setting O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +myocardial O +infarction O +( O +MI O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +DESIGN O +: O +A O +retrospective O +, O +multicenter O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +SETTING O +: O +Twenty O +- O +nine O +university O +, O +university O +- O +affiliated O +, O +or O +community O +hospitals O +during O +a O +6 O +- O +year O +period O +( O +total O +of O +117 O +cumulative O +hospital O +- O +years O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +PARTICIPANTS O +: O +Patients O +with O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +associated O +MI O +who O +received O +lidocaine B-Chemical +in O +the O +emergency O +department O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Of O +29 O +patients O +who O +received O +lidocaine B-Chemical +in O +the O +setting O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +associated O +MI O +, O +no O +patient O +died O +; O +exhibited O +bradydysrhythmias O +, O +ventricular O +tachycardia O +, O +or O +ventricular O +fibrillation O +; O +or O +experienced O +seizures O +after O +administration O +of O +lidocaine B-Chemical +( O +95 O +% O +confidence O +interval O +, O +0 O +% O +to O +11 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Despite O +theoretical O +concerns O +that O +lidocaine B-Chemical +may O +enhance O +cocaine B-Chemical +toxicity O +, O +the O +use O +of O +lidocaine B-Chemical +in O +patients O +with O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +associated O +MI O +was O +not O +associated O +with O +significant O +cardiovascular O +or O +central O +nervous O +system O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Experimental O +progressive O +muscular O +dystrophy O +and O +its O +treatment O +with O +high O +doses O +anabolizing O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +are O +still O +a O +long O +way O +from O +discovering O +an O +unequivocal O +pathogenetic O +interpretation O +of O +progressive O +muscular O +dystrophy O +in O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +Noteworthy O +efforts O +have O +been O +made O +in O +the O +experimental O +field O +; O +a O +recessive O +autosomic O +form O +found O +in O +the O +mouse O +seems O +to O +bear O +the O +closest O +resemblance O +to O +the O +human O +form O +from O +the O +genetic O +point O +of O +view O +. O + +aps B-category +Myopathy O +due O +to O +lack O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +E I-Chemical +and O +myopathy O +induced O +by O +certain O +viruses O +have O +much O +in O +common O +anatomically O +and O +pathologically O +with O +the O +human O +form O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +authors O +induced O +myodystrophy O +in O +the O +rat O +by O +giving O +it O +a O +diet O +lacking O +in O +vitamin B-Chemical +E I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pharmacological O +characteristics O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +E I-Chemical +and O +the O +degenerative O +changes O +brought O +about O +by O +its O +deficiency O +, O +especially O +in O +the O +muscles O +, O +are O +illustrated O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +thus O +confirmed O +that O +the O +histological O +characteristics O +of O +myopathic O +rat O +muscle O +induced O +experimentally O +are O +extraordinarily O +similar O +to O +those O +of O +human O +myopathy O +as O +confirmed O +during O +biopsies O +performed O +at O +the O +Orthopaedic O +Traumatological O +Centre O +, O +Florence O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +encouraging O +results O +obtained O +in O +various O +authoratative O +departments O +in O +myopathic O +patients O +by O +using O +anabolizing O +steroids B-Chemical +have O +encouraged O +the O +authors O +to O +investigate O +the O +beneficial O +effects O +of O +one O +anabolizing O +agent O +( O +Dianabol B-Chemical +, O +CIBA B-Chemical +) O +at O +high O +doses O +in O +rats O +rendered O +myopathic O +by O +a O +diet O +deficient O +in O +vitamin B-Chemical +E I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +way O +they O +obtained O +appreciable O +changes O +in O +body O +weight O +( O +increased O +from O +50 O +to O +70 O +g O +after O +forty O +days O +at O +a O +dose O +of O +5 O +mg O +per O +day O +of O +anabolizing O +agent O +) O +, O +but O +most O +of O +all O +they O +found O +histological O +changes O +due O +to O +" O +regenerative O +" O +changes O +in O +the O +muscle O +tissue O +, O +which O +however O +maintained O +its O +myopathic O +characteristics O +in O +the O +control O +animals O +that O +were O +not O +treated O +with O +the O +anabolizing O +agent O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +authors O +conclude O +by O +affirming O +the O +undoubted O +efficacy O +of O +the O +anabolizing O +steroids B-Chemical +in O +experimental O +myopathic O +disease O +, O +but O +they O +have O +reservations O +as O +to O +the O +transfer O +of O +the O +results O +into O +the O +human O +field O +, O +where O +high O +dosage O +cannot O +be O +carried O +out O +continuously O +because O +of O +the O +effects O +of O +the O +drug O +on O +virility O +; O +because O +the O +tissue O +injury O +too O +often O +occurs O +at O +an O +irreversible O +stage O +vis O +- O +a O +- O +vis O +the O +" O +regeneration O +" O +of O +the O +muscle O +tissue O +; O +and O +finally O +because O +the O +dystrophic O +injurious O +agent O +is O +certainly O +not O +the O +lack O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +E I-Chemical +but O +something O +as O +yet O +unknown O +. O + +aps B-category +Paclitaxel B-Chemical +3 O +- O +hour O +infusion O +given O +alone O +and O +combined O +with O +carboplatin B-Chemical +: O +preliminary O +results O +of O +dose O +- O +escalation O +trials O +. O + +aps B-category +Paclitaxel B-Chemical +( O +Taxol B-Chemical +; O +Bristol O +- O +Myers O +Squibb O +Company O +, O +Princeton O +, O +NJ O +) O +by O +3 O +- O +hour O +infusion O +was O +combined O +with O +carboplatin B-Chemical +in O +a O +phase O +I O +/ O +II O +study O +directed O +to O +patients O +with O +non O +- O +small O +cell O +lung O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +Carboplatin B-Chemical +was O +given O +at O +a O +fixed O +target O +area O +under O +the O +concentration O +- O +time O +curve O +of O +6 O +. O +0 O +by O +the O +Calvert O +formula O +, O +whereas O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +was O +escalated O +in O +patient O +cohorts O +from O +150 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +( O +dose O +level O +I O +) O +to O +175 O +, O +200 O +, O +225 O +, O +and O +250 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +225 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +level O +was O +expanded O +for O +the O +phase O +II O +study O +since O +the O +highest O +level O +achieved O +( O +250 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +) O +required O +modification O +because O +of O +nonhematologic O +toxicities O +( O +arthralgia O +and O +sensory O +neuropathy O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Therapeutic O +effects O +were O +noted O +at O +all O +dose O +levels O +, O +with O +objective O +responses O +in O +17 O +( O +two O +complete O +and O +15 O +partial O +regressions O +) O +of O +41 O +previously O +untreated O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Toxicities O +were O +compared O +with O +a O +cohort O +of O +patients O +in O +a O +phase O +I O +trial O +of O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +alone O +at O +identical O +dose O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +Carboplatin B-Chemical +did O +not O +appear O +to O +add O +to O +the O +hematologic O +toxicities O +observed O +, O +and O +the O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +/ O +carboplatin B-Chemical +combination O +could O +be O +dosed O +every O +3 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dose O +- O +dependent O +effect O +of O +misoprostol B-Chemical +on O +indomethacin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +renal O +dysfunction O +in O +well O +compensated O +cirrhosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Misoprostol B-Chemical +( O +200 O +micrograms O +) O +has O +been O +shown O +to O +acutely O +counteract O +the O +indomethacin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +renal O +dysfunction O +in O +well O +compensated O +cirrhotic O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +determine O +if O +the O +prophylactic O +value O +of O +misoprostol B-Chemical +was O +dose O +- O +dependent O +. O + +aps B-category +Parameters O +of O +renal O +hemodynamics O +and O +tubular O +sodium B-Chemical +and O +water O +handling O +were O +assessed O +by O +clearance O +techniques O +in O +26 O +well O +compensated O +cirrhotic O +patients O +before O +and O +after O +an O +oral O +combination O +of O +50 O +mg O +of O +indomethacin B-Chemical +and O +various O +doses O +of O +misoprostol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +200 O +- O +micrograms O +dose O +was O +able O +to O +totally O +abolish O +the O +deleterious O +renal O +effects O +of O +indomethacin B-Chemical +, O +whereas O +the O +800 O +- O +micrograms O +dose O +resulted O +in O +significant O +worsening O +of O +renal O +hemodynamics O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +retention O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +changes O +were O +maximal O +in O +the O +hour O +immediately O +after O +medications O +and O +slowly O +returned O +toward O +base O +- O +line O +levels O +thereafter O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +the O +renal O +protective O +effects O +of O +misoprostol B-Chemical +is O +dose O +- O +dependent O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +until O +this O +apparent O +ability O +of O +200 O +micrograms O +of O +misoprostol B-Chemical +to O +prevent O +the O +adverse O +effects O +of O +indomethacin B-Chemical +on O +renal O +function O +is O +confirmed O +with O +chronic O +frequent O +dosing O +, O +it O +would O +be O +prudent O +to O +avoid O +nonsteroidal O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +therapy O +in O +patients O +with O +cirrhosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Increased O +frequency O +and O +severity O +of O +angio O +- O +oedema O +related O +to O +long O +- O +term O +therapy O +with O +angiotensin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +converting I-Chemical +enzyme I-Chemical +inhibitor I-Chemical +in O +two O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Adverse O +reactions O +to O +drugs O +are O +well O +recognized O +as O +a O +cause O +of O +acute O +or O +chronic O +urticaria O +, O +and O +angio O +- O +oedema O +. O + +aps B-category +Angiotensin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +converting I-Chemical +enzyme I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +ACE I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +inhibitors I-Chemical +, O +used O +to O +treat O +hypertension O +and O +congestive O +heart O +failure O +, O +were O +introduced O +in O +Europe O +in O +the O +middle O +of O +the O +eighties O +, O +and O +the O +use O +of O +these O +drugs O +has O +increased O +progressively O +. O + +aps B-category +Soon O +after O +the O +introduction O +of O +ACE B-Chemical +inhibitors I-Chemical +, O +acute O +bouts O +of O +angio O +- O +oedema O +were O +reported O +in O +association O +with O +the O +use O +of O +these O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +wish O +to O +draw O +attention O +to O +the O +possibility O +of O +adverse O +reactions O +to O +ACE B-Chemical +inhibitors I-Chemical +after O +long O +- O +term O +use O +and O +in O +patients O +with O +pre O +- O +existing O +angio O +- O +oedema O +. O + +aps B-category +Myoclonus O +associated O +with O +lorazepam B-Chemical +therapy O +in O +very O +- O +low O +- O +birth O +- O +weight O +infants O +. O + +aps B-category +Lorazepam B-Chemical +is O +being O +used O +with O +increasing O +frequency O +as O +a O +sedative O +in O +the O +newborn O +and O +the O +young O +infant O +. O + +aps B-category +Concern O +has O +been O +raised O +with O +regard O +to O +the O +safety O +of O +lorazepam B-Chemical +in O +this O +age O +group O +, O +especially O +in O +very O +- O +low O +- O +birth O +- O +weight O +( O +VLBW O +; O +< O +1 O +, O +500 O +g O +) O +infants O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +young O +infants O +, O +all O +of O +birth O +weight O +< O +1 O +, O +500 O +g O +, O +experienced O +myoclonus O +following O +the O +intravenous O +administration O +of O +lorazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +potential O +neurotoxic O +effects O +of O +the O +drug O +( O +and O +its O +vehicle O +) O +in O +this O +population O +are O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Injectable O +lorazepam B-Chemical +should O +be O +used O +with O +caution O +in O +VLBW O +infants O +. O + +aps B-category +Transvenous O +right O +ventricular O +pacing O +during O +cardiopulmonary O +resuscitation O +of O +pediatric O +patients O +with O +acute O +cardiomyopathy O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +the O +cardiopulmonary O +resuscitation O +efforts O +on O +five O +patients O +who O +presented O +in O +acute O +circulatory O +failure O +from O +myocardial O +dysfunction O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +patients O +had O +acute O +viral O +myocarditis O +, O +one O +had O +a O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +acute O +eosinophilic O +myocarditis O +, O +and O +one O +had O +cardiac O +hemosiderosis O +resulting O +in O +acute O +cardiogenic O +shock O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +patients O +were O +continuously O +monitored O +with O +central O +venous O +and O +arterial O +catheters O +in O +addition O +to O +routine O +noninvasive O +monitoring O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +introducer O +sheath O +, O +a O +pacemaker O +, O +and O +sterile O +pacing O +wires O +were O +made O +readily O +available O +for O +the O +patients O +, O +should O +the O +need O +arise O +to O +terminate O +resistant O +cardiac O +dysrhythmias O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +patients O +developed O +cardiocirculatory O +arrest O +associated O +with O +extreme O +hypotension O +and O +dysrhythmias O +within O +the O +first O +48 O +hours O +of O +their O +admission O +to O +the O +pediatric O +intensive O +care O +unit O +( O +PICU O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Right O +ventricular O +pacemaker O +wires O +were O +inserted O +in O +all O +of O +them O +during O +cardiopulmonary O +resuscitation O +( O +CPR O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +four O +patients O +, O +cardiac O +pacing O +was O +used O +, O +resulting O +in O +a O +temporary O +captured O +rhythm O +and O +restoration O +of O +their O +cardiac O +output O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +patients O +had O +a O +second O +event O +of O +cardiac O +arrest O +, O +resulting O +in O +death O +, O +within O +10 O +to O +60 O +minutes O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +one O +patient O +, O +cardiac O +pacing O +was O +not O +used O +, O +because O +he O +converted O +to O +normal O +sinus O +rhythm O +by O +electrical O +defibrillation O +within O +three O +minutes O +of O +initiating O +CPR O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +cardiac O +pacing O +during O +resuscitative O +efforts O +in O +pediatric O +patients O +suffering O +from O +acute O +myocardial O +dysfunction O +may O +not O +have O +long O +- O +term O +value O +in O +and O +of O +itself O +; O +however O +, O +if O +temporary O +hemodynamic O +stability O +is O +achieved O +by O +this O +procedure O +, O +it O +may O +provide O +additional O +time O +needed O +to O +institute O +other O +therapeutic O +modalities O +. O + +aps B-category +Efficacy O +and O +safety O +of O +granisetron B-Chemical +, O +a O +selective O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +- O +3 O +receptor O +antagonist O +, O +in O +the O +prevention O +of O +nausea O +and O +vomiting O +induced O +by O +high O +- O +dose O +cisplatin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +To O +assess O +the O +antiemetic O +effects O +and O +safety O +profile O +of O +four O +different O +doses O +of O +granisetron B-Chemical +( O +Kytril B-Chemical +; O +SmithKline O +Beecham O +Pharmaceuticals O +, O +Philadelphia O +, O +PA O +) O +when O +administered O +as O +a O +single O +intravenous O +( O +IV O +) O +dose O +for O +prophylaxis O +of O +cisplatin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nausea O +and O +vomiting O +. O + +aps B-category +PATIENTS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +One O +hundred O +eighty O +- O +four O +chemotherapy O +- O +naive O +patients O +receiving O +high O +- O +dose O +cisplatin B-Chemical +( O +81 O +to O +120 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +) O +were O +randomized O +to O +receive O +one O +of O +four O +granisetron B-Chemical +doses O +( O +5 O +, O +10 O +, O +20 O +, O +or O +40 O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +) O +administered O +before O +chemotherapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +were O +observed O +on O +an O +inpatient O +basis O +for O +18 O +to O +24 O +hours O +, O +and O +vital O +signs O +, O +nausea O +, O +vomiting O +, O +retching O +, O +and O +appetite O +were O +assessed O +. O + +aps B-category +Safety O +analyses O +included O +incidence O +of O +adverse O +experiences O +and O +laboratory O +parameter O +changes O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +After O +granisetron B-Chemical +doses O +of O +5 O +, O +10 O +, O +20 O +, O +and O +40 O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +, O +a O +major O +response O +( O +< O +or O += O +two O +vomiting O +or O +retching O +episodes O +, O +and O +no O +antiemetic O +rescue O +) O +was O +recorded O +in O +23 O +% O +, O +57 O +% O +, O +58 O +% O +, O +and O +60 O +% O +of O +patients O +, O +respectively O +, O +and O +a O +complete O +response O +( O +no O +vomiting O +or O +retching O +, O +and O +no O +antiemetic O +rescue O +) O +in O +18 O +% O +, O +41 O +% O +, O +40 O +% O +, O +and O +47 O +% O +of O +patients O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +a O +statistically O +longer O +time O +to O +first O +episode O +of O +nausea O +( O +P O += O +. O +0015 O +) O +and O +vomiting O +( O +P O += O +. O +0001 O +) O +, O +and O +fewer O +patients O +were O +administered O +additional O +antiemetic O +medication O +in O +the O +10 O +- O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +dosing O +groups O +than O +in O +the O +5 O +- O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +dosing O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +granisetron B-Chemical +dose O +increased O +, O +appetite O +return O +increased O +( O +P O += O +. O +040 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Headache O +was O +the O +most O +frequently O +reported O +adverse O +event O +( O +20 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +A O +single O +10 O +- O +, O +20 O +- O +, O +or O +40 O +- O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +dose O +of O +granisetron B-Chemical +was O +effective O +in O +controlling O +vomiting O +in O +57 O +% O +to O +60 O +% O +of O +patients O +who O +received O +cisplatin B-Chemical +at O +doses O +greater O +than O +81 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +and O +totally O +prevented O +vomiting O +in O +40 O +% O +to O +47 O +% O +of O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +were O +no O +statistically O +significant O +differences O +in O +efficacy O +between O +the O +10 O +- O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +dose O +and O +the O +20 O +- O +and O +40 O +- O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +doses O +. O + +aps B-category +Granisetron B-Chemical +was O +well O +tolerated O +at O +all O +doses O +. O + +aps B-category +Adverse O +interaction O +between O +clonidine B-Chemical +and O +verapamil B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +report O +two O +cases O +of O +a O +possible O +adverse O +interaction O +between O +clonidine B-Chemical +and O +verapamil B-Chemical +resulting O +in O +atrioventricular O +( O +AV O +) O +block O +in O +both O +patients O +and O +severe O +hypotension O +in O +one O +patient O +. O + +aps B-category +CASE O +SUMMARIES O +: O +A O +54 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +with O +hyperaldosteronism O +was O +treated O +with O +verapamil B-Chemical +480 O +mg O +/ O +d O +and O +spironolactone B-Chemical +100 O +mg O +/ O +d O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +the O +addition O +of O +a O +minimal O +dose O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +15 O +mg O +bid O +) O +, O +she O +developed O +complete O +AV O +block O +and O +severe O +hypotension O +, O +which O +resolved O +upon O +cessation O +of O +all O +medications O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +65 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +was O +treated O +with O +extended O +- O +release O +verapamil B-Chemical +240 O +mg O +/ O +d O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +the O +addition O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +0 O +. O +15 O +mg O +bid O +she O +developed O +complete O +AV O +block O +, O +which O +resolved O +after O +all O +therapy O +was O +stopped O +. O + +aps B-category +DISCUSSION O +: O +An O +adverse O +interaction O +between O +clonidine B-Chemical +and O +verapamil B-Chemical +has O +not O +been O +reported O +previously O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +two O +such O +cases O +and O +discuss O +the O +various O +mechanisms O +that O +might O +cause O +such O +an O +interaction O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinicians O +should O +be O +acquainted O +with O +this O +possibly O +fatal O +interaction O +between O +two O +commonly O +used O +antihypertensive O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Caution O +is O +recommended O +in O +combining O +clonidine B-Chemical +and O +verapamil B-Chemical +therapy O +, O +even O +in O +patients O +who O +do O +not O +have O +sinus O +or O +AV O +node O +dysfunction O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +two O +drugs O +may O +act O +synergistically O +on O +both O +the O +AV O +node O +and O +the O +peripheral O +circulation O +. O + +aps B-category +Pharmacological O +studies O +on O +a O +new O +dihydrothienopyridine B-Chemical +calcium I-Chemical +antagonist O +, O +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +312 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +d I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +5th O +communication O +: O +anticonvulsant O +effects O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +312 I-Chemical +, O +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +312 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +d I-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +312 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +l I-Chemical +, O +L O +- O +type O +calcium B-Chemical +channel O +antagonists O +, O +showed O +anticonvulsant O +effects O +on O +the O +audiogenic O +tonic O +convulsions O +in O +DBA O +/ O +2 O +mice O +; O +and O +their O +ED50 O +values O +were O +18 O +. O +4 O +( O +12 O +. O +8 O +- O +27 O +. O +1 O +) O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +p O +. O +o O +. O +and O +15 O +. O +0 O +( O +10 O +. O +2 O +- O +23 O +. O +7 O +) O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +p O +. O +o O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Based O +on O +the O +similar O +behaviour O +of O +CSSEP O +and O +NMP O +, O +it O +was O +concluded O +that O +the O +pharmacological O +process O +underlying O +this O +phenomenon O +was O +localised O +in O +the O +periphery O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +means O +of O +the O +simultaneous O +recording O +of O +interrelated O +peripheral O +and O +central O +electrophysiologic O +correlates O +of O +nociception O +, O +it O +was O +possible O +to O +separate O +central O +and O +peripheral O +effects O +of O +an O +NSAID O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +major O +advantage O +of O +this O +pain O +model O +is O +the O +possibility O +of O +obtaining O +peripheral O +pain O +- O +related O +activity O +directly O +using O +a O +non O +- O +invasive O +technique O +in O +humans O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Glucarates I-Chemical +on O +basic O +antibiotic O +- O +induced O +renal O +damage O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Dehydrated O +rats O +regularly O +develop O +acute O +renal O +failure O +following O +single O +injection O +of O +aminoglycoside B-Chemical +antibiotics O +combined O +with O +dextran O +or O +of O +antibiotics O +only O +. O + +aps B-category +Oral O +administration O +of O +2 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +di I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +O I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucaro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dilactone I-Chemical +protected O +rats O +against O +renal O +failure O +induced O +by O +kanamycin B-Chemical +- O +dextran O +. 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O + +aps B-category +With O +a O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucarate I-Chemical +of O +a O +fixed O +size O +of O +dose O +, O +approximately O +the O +same O +degree O +of O +protection O +was O +obtained O +against O +renal O +damages O +induced O +by O +different O +basic O +antibiotics O +despite O +large O +disparities O +in O +administration O +doses O +of O +different O +antibiotics O +. O + +aps B-category +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Glucarates I-Chemical +had O +the O +ability O +to O +prevent O +renal O +damage O +but O +not O +to O +cure O +it O +. O + +aps B-category +Rats O +excreted O +acidic O +urine O +when O +they O +were O +spared O +from O +renal O +lesions O +by O +monosaccharides B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reduction O +effect O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucarates I-Chemical +against O +nephrotoxicity O +of O +basic O +antibiotics O +was O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +severe O +depression O +following O +peri O +- O +operative O +ondansetron B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +41 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +with O +a O +strong O +history O +of O +postoperative O +nausea O +and O +vomiting O +presented O +for O +abdominal O +hysterectomy O +3 O +months O +after O +a O +previous O +anaesthetic O +where O +ondansetron B-Chemical +prophylaxis O +had O +been O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +She O +had O +developed O +a O +severe O +acute O +major O +depression O +disorder O +almost O +immediately O +thereafter O +, O +possibly O +related O +to O +the O +use O +of O +a O +serotonin B-Chemical +antagonist O +. O + +aps B-category +Nine O +years O +before O +she O +had O +experienced O +a O +self O +- O +limited O +puerperal O +depressive O +episode O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Patients O +with O +this O +response O +more O +often O +had O +a O +history O +of O +hypertension O +and O +had O +higher O +resting O +systolic O +and O +diastolic O +BP O +before O +dobutamine B-Chemical +infusion O +. O + +aps B-category +Continuously O +nebulized O +albuterol B-Chemical +in O +severe O +exacerbations O +of O +asthma O +in O +adults O +: O +a O +case O +- O +controlled O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +retrospective O +, O +case O +- O +controlled O +analysis O +comparing O +patients O +admitted O +to O +a O +medical O +intensive O +care O +unit O +with O +severe O +exacerbations O +of O +asthma O +who O +received O +continuously O +nebulized O +albuterol B-Chemical +( O +CNA O +) O +versus O +intermittent O +albuterol B-Chemical +( O +INA O +) O +treatments O +is O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +Forty O +matched O +pairs O +of O +patients O +with O +asthma O +are O +compared O +. O + +aps B-category +CNA O +was O +administered O +for O +a O +mean O +of O +11 O ++ O +/ O +- O +10 O +hr O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +cardiac O +dysrhythmias O +was O +similar O +between O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Symptomatic O +hypokalemia O +did O +not O +occur O +. O + +aps B-category +CNA O +patients O +had O +higher O +heart O +rates O +during O +treatment O +, O +which O +may O +reflect O +severity O +of O +illness O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +intubation O +was O +similar O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +CNA O +and O +INA O +demonstrated O +similar O +profiles O +with O +regard O +to O +safety O +, O +morbidity O +, O +and O +mortality O +. O + +aps B-category +Paraplegia O +following O +intrathecal O +methotrexate B-Chemical +: O +report O +of O +a O +case O +and O +review O +of O +the O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +patient O +who O +developed O +paraplegia O +following O +the O +intrathecal O +instillation O +of O +methotrexate B-Chemical +is O +discribed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ten O +previously O +reported O +cases O +of O +this O +unusual O +complication O +are O +reviewed O +. 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O + +aps B-category +After O +recovery O +from O +hyperglycaemia O +, O +he O +remained O +polyuric O +despite O +normal O +blood O +glucose B-Chemical +concentrations O +; O +water O +deprivation O +testing O +indicated O +nephrogenic O +diabetes O +insipidus O +, O +likely O +to O +be O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +induced O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +hypothesize O +that O +when O +this O +man O +developed O +type O +2 O +diabetes O +, O +chronic O +polyuria O +due O +to O +nephrogenic O +diabetes O +insipidus O +was O +sufficient O +to O +precipitate O +hyperosmolar O +dehydration O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +the O +intracoronary O +infusion O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +on O +left O +ventricular O +systolic O +and O +diastolic O +function O +in O +humans O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +In O +dogs O +, O +a O +large O +amount O +of O +intravenous O +cocaine B-Chemical +causes O +a O +profound O +deterioration O +of O +left O +ventricular O +( O +LV O +) O +systolic O +function O +and O +an O +increase O +in O +LV O +end O +- O +diastolic O +pressure O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +was O +done O +to O +assess O +the O +influence O +of O +a O +high O +intracoronary O +cocaine B-Chemical +concentration O +on O +LV O +systolic O +and O +diastolic O +function O +in O +humans O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +AND O +RESULTS O +: O +In O +20 O +patients O +( O +14 O +men O +and O +6 O +women O +aged O +39 O +to O +72 O +years O +) O +referred O +for O +cardiac O +catheterization O +for O +the O +evaluation O +of O +chest O +pain O +, O +we O +measured O +heart O +rate O +, O +systemic O +arterial O +pressure O +, O +LV O +pressure O +and O +its O +first O +derivative O +( O +dP O +/ O +dt O +) O +, O +and O +LV O +volumes O +and O +ejection O +fraction O +before O +and O +during O +the O +final O +2 O +to O +3 O +minutes O +of O +a O +15 O +- O +minute O +intracoronary O +infusion O +of O +saline O +( O +n O += O +10 O +, O +control O +subjects O +) O +or O +cocaine B-Chemical +hydrochloride I-Chemical +1 O +mg O +/ O +min O +( O +n O += O +10 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +variable O +changed O +with O +saline O +. 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O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +In O +humans O +, O +the O +intracoronary O +infusion O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +sufficient O +in O +amount O +to O +achieve O +a O +high O +drug O +concentration O +in O +coronary O +sinus O +blood O +causes O +a O +deterioration O +of O +LV O +systolic O +and O +diastolic O +performance O +. O + +aps B-category +Ascending O +dose O +tolerance O +study O +of O +intramuscular O +carbetocin B-Chemical +administered O +after O +normal O +vaginal O +birth O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +determine O +the O +maximum O +tolerated O +dose O +( O +MTD O +) O +of O +carbetocin B-Chemical +( O +a O +long O +- O +acting O +synthetic O +analogue O +of O +oxytocin B-Chemical +) O +, O +when O +administered O +immediately O +after O +vaginal O +delivery O +at O +term O +. O + +aps B-category +MATERIALS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +Carbetocin B-Chemical +was O +given O +as O +an O +intramuscular O +injection O +immediately O +after O +the O +birth O +of O +the O +infant O +in O +45 O +healthy O +women O +with O +normal O +singleton O +pregnancies O +who O +delivered O +vaginally O +at O +term O +. O + +aps B-category +Dosage O +groups O +of O +15 O +, O +30 O +, O +50 O +, O +75 O +, O +100 O +, O +125 O +, O +150 O +, O +175 O +or O +200 O +microg O +carbetocin B-Chemical +were O +assigned O +to O +blocks O +of O +three O +women O +according O +to O +the O +continual O +reassessment O +method O +( O +CRM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +All O +dosage O +groups O +consisted O +of O +three O +women O +, O +except O +those O +with O +100 O +microg O +( O +n O += O +6 O +) O +and O +200 O +microg O +( O +n O += O +18 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Recorded O +were O +dose O +- O +limiting O +adverse O +events O +: O +hyper O +- O +or O +hypotension O +( O +three O +) O +, O +severe O +abdominal O +pain O +( O +0 O +) O +, O +vomiting O +( O +0 O +) O +and O +retained O +placenta O +( O +four O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Serious O +adverse O +events O +occurred O +in O +seven O +women O +: O +six O +cases O +with O +blood O +loss O +> O +or O += O +1000 O +ml O +, O +four O +cases O +of O +manual O +placenta O +removal O +, O +five O +cases O +of O +additional O +oxytocics O +administration O +and O +five O +cases O +of O +blood O +transfusion O +. O + +aps B-category +Maximum O +blood O +loss O +was O +greatest O +at O +the O +upper O +and O +lower O +dose O +levels O +, O +and O +lowest O +in O +the O +70 O +- O +125 O +microg O +dose O +range O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +out O +of O +six O +cases O +with O +blood O +loss O +> O +or O += O +1000 O +ml O +occurred O +in O +the O +200 O +microg O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +majority O +of O +additional O +administration O +of O +oxytocics O +( O +4 O +/ O +5 O +) O +and O +blood O +transfusion O +( O +3 O +/ O +5 O +) O +occurred O +in O +the O +dose O +groups O +of O +200 O +microg O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +retained O +placentae O +were O +found O +in O +the O +group O +of O +200 O +microg O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +The O +MTD O +was O +calculated O +to O +be O +at O +200 O +microg O +carbetocin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thrombocytopenia O +, O +paradoxical O +thromboembolism O +, O +and O +other O +side O +effects O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +therapy O +. 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O + +aps B-category +She O +had O +defects O +in O +the O +supratentorial O +brain O +including O +the O +basal O +ganglia O +and O +the O +striatum O +( O +multicystic O +encephalomalacia O +) O +due O +to O +severe O +perinatal O +hypoxic O +- O +ischemic O +encephalopathy O +, O +which O +was O +considered O +to O +be O +a O +possible O +predisposing O +factor O +causing O +neuroleptic O +malignant O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +dopaminergic O +blockade O +mechanism O +generally O +is O +accepted O +as O +the O +pathogenesis O +of O +this O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +methylphenidate B-Chemical +is O +a O +dopamine B-Chemical +agonist O +via O +the O +inhibition O +of O +uptake O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +and O +therefore O +dopaminergic O +systems O +in O +the O +brainstem O +( O +mainly O +the O +midbrain O +) O +and O +the O +spinal O +cord O +were O +unlikely O +to O +participate O +in O +the O +onset O +of O +this O +syndrome O +. 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O + +aps B-category +We O +tested O +the O +sulfated O +polysaccharide O +fucoidan B-Chemical +, O +which O +has O +been O +reported O +to O +reduce O +inflammatory O +brain O +damage O +, O +in O +a O +rat O +model O +of O +intracerebral O +hemorrhage O +induced O +by O +injection O +of O +bacterial O +collagenase O +into O +the O +caudate O +nucleus O +. O + +aps B-category +Rats O +were O +treated O +with O +seven O +day O +intravenous O +infusion O +of O +fucoidan B-Chemical +( O +30 O +micrograms O +h O +- O +1 O +) O +or O +vehicle O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hematoma O +was O +assessed O +in O +vivo O +by O +magnetic O +resonance O +imaging O +. O + +aps B-category +Motor O +behavior O +, O +passive O +avoidance O +, O +and O +skilled O +forelimb O +function O +were O +tested O +repeatedly O +for O +six O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +Fucoidan B-Chemical +- O +treated O +rats O +exhibited O +evidence O +of O +impaired O +blood O +clotting O +and O +hemodilution O +, O +had O +larger O +hematomas O +, O +and O +tended O +to O +have O +less O +inflammation O +in O +the O +vicinity O +of O +the O +hematoma O +after O +three O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +showed O +significantly O +more O +rapid O +improvement O +of O +motor O +function O +in O +the O +first O +week O +following O +hemorrhage O +and O +better O +memory O +retention O +in O +the O +passive O +avoidance O +test O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +white O +matter O +edema O +and O +eventual O +neuronal O +loss O +in O +the O +striatum O +adjacent O +to O +the O +hematoma O +did O +not O +differ O +between O +the O +two O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Investigation O +of O +more O +specific O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +agents O +and O +hemodiluting O +agents O +are O +warranted O +in O +intracerebral O +hemorrhage O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Recent O +reports O +indicate O +that O +single O +agent O +therapy O +with O +vinorelbine B-Chemical +( O +VNB B-Chemical +) O +or O +gemcitabine B-Chemical +( O +GEM B-Chemical +) O +may O +obtain O +a O +response O +rate O +of O +20 O +- O +30 O +% O +in O +elderly O +patients O +, O +with O +acceptable O +toxicity O +and O +improvement O +in O +symptoms O +and O +quality O +of O +life O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +current O +study O +the O +efficacy O +and O +toxicity O +of O +the O +combination O +of O +GEM B-Chemical +and O +VNB B-Chemical +in O +elderly O +patients O +with O +advanced O +NSCLC O +or O +those O +with O +some O +contraindication O +to O +receiving O +cisplatin B-Chemical +were O +assessed O +. 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O +1 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +over O +10 O +min O +followed O +by O +infusion O +of O +7 O +micrograms O +kg O +- O +1 O +min O +- O +1 O +) O +, O +lidocaine B-Chemical +5 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +or O +saline O +for O +50 O +min O +. O + +aps B-category +Infusion O +started O +15 O +min O +after O +injection O +of O +capsaicin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +following O +were O +measured O +: O +spontaneous O +pain O +, O +pain O +evoked O +by O +punctate O +and O +brush O +stimuli O +( O +VAS O +) O +, O +and O +areas O +of O +brush O +- O +evoked O +and O +punctate O +- O +evoked O +hyperalgesia O +. O + +aps B-category +Ketamine B-Chemical +reduced O +both O +the O +area O +of O +brush O +- O +evoked O +and O +punctate O +- O +evoked O +hyperalgesia O +significantly O +and O +it O +tended O +to O +reduce O +brush O +- O +evoked O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +Lidocaine B-Chemical +reduced O +the O +area O +of O +punctate O +- O +evoked O +hyperalgesia O +significantly O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +tended O +to O +reduce O +VAS O +scores O +of O +spontaneous O +pain O +but O +had O +no O +effect O +on O +evoked O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +differential O +effects O +of O +ketamine B-Chemical +and O +lidocaine B-Chemical +on O +static O +and O +dynamic O +hyperalgesia O +suggest O +that O +the O +two O +types O +of O +hyperalgesia O +are O +mediated O +by O +separate O +mechanisms O +and O +have O +a O +distinct O +pharmacology O +. O + +aps B-category +Development O +of O +apomorphine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +aggressive O +behavior O +: O +comparison O +of O +adult O +male O +and O +female O +Wistar O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +development O +of O +apomorphine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +( O +1 O +. O +0 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +s O +. O +c O +. O +once O +daily O +) O +aggressive O +behavior O +of O +adult O +male O +and O +female O +Wistar O +rats O +obtained O +from O +the O +same O +breeder O +was O +studied O +in O +two O +consecutive O +sets O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +male O +animals O +, O +repeated O +apomorphine B-Chemical +treatment O +induced O +a O +gradual O +development O +of O +aggressive O +behavior O +as O +evidenced O +by O +the O +increased O +intensity O +of O +aggressiveness O +and O +shortened O +latency O +before O +the O +first O +attack O +toward O +the O +opponent O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +female O +rats O +, O +only O +a O +weak O +tendency O +toward O +aggressiveness O +was O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +conclusion O +, O +the O +present O +study O +demonstrates O +gender O +differences O +in O +the O +development O +of O +the O +apomorphine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +aggressive O +behavior O +and O +indicates O +that O +the O +female O +rats O +do O +not O +fill O +the O +validation O +criteria O +for O +use O +in O +this O +method O +. O + +aps B-category +Intracranial O +aneurysms O +and O +cocaine O +abuse O +: O +analysis O +of O +prognostic O +indicators O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +The O +outcome O +of O +subarachnoid O +hemorrhage O +associated O +with O +cocaine O +abuse O +is O +reportedly O +poor O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +no O +study O +in O +the O +literature O +has O +reported O +the O +use O +of O +a O +statistical O +model O +to O +analyze O +the O +variables O +that O +influence O +outcome O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +A O +review O +of O +admissions O +during O +a O +6 O +- O +year O +period O +revealed O +14 O +patients O +with O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +related O +aneurysms O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +group O +was O +compared O +with O +a O +control O +group O +of O +135 O +patients O +with O +ruptured O +aneurysms O +and O +no O +history O +of O +cocaine O +abuse O +. O + +aps B-category +Age O +at O +presentation O +, O +time O +of O +ictus O +after O +intoxication O +, O +Hunt O +and O +Hess O +grade O +of O +subarachnoid O +hemorrhage O +, O +size O +of O +the O +aneurysm O +, O +location O +of O +the O +aneurysm O +, O +and O +the O +Glasgow O +Outcome O +Scale O +score O +were O +assessed O +and O +compared O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +patients O +in O +the O +study O +group O +were O +significantly O +younger O +than O +the O +patients O +in O +the O +control O +group O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +002 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +patients O +in O +the O +study O +group O +, O +all O +aneurysms O +were O +located O +in O +the O +anterior O +circulation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +majority O +of O +these O +aneurysms O +were O +smaller O +than O +those O +of O +the O +control O +group O +( O +8 O ++ O +/ O +- O +6 O +. O +08 O +mm O +versus O +11 O ++ O +/ O +- O +5 O +. O +4 O +mm O +; O +P O += O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +differences O +in O +mortality O +and O +morbidity O +between O +the O +two O +groups O +were O +not O +significant O +. O + +aps B-category +Hunt O +and O +Hess O +grade O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +005 O +) O +and O +age O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +007 O +) O +were O +significant O +predictors O +of O +outcome O +for O +the O +patients O +with O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +related O +aneurysms O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Cocaine B-Chemical +use O +predisposed O +aneurysmal O +rupture O +at O +a O +significantly O +earlier O +age O +and O +in O +much O +smaller O +aneurysms O +. O + +aps B-category +Contrary O +to O +the O +published O +literature O +, O +this O +group O +did O +reasonably O +well O +with O +aggressive O +management O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +intravenous O +nimodipine B-Chemical +on O +blood O +pressure O +and O +outcome O +after O +acute O +stroke O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +AND O +PURPOSE O +: O +The O +Intravenous O +Nimodipine B-Chemical +West O +European O +Stroke O +Trial O +( O +INWEST O +) O +found O +a O +correlation O +between O +nimodipine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +reduction O +in O +blood O +pressure O +( O +BP O +) O +and O +an O +unfavorable O +outcome O +in O +acute O +stroke O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +sought O +to O +confirm O +this O +correlation O +with O +and O +without O +adjustment O +for O +prognostic O +variables O +and O +to O +investigate O +outcome O +in O +subgroups O +with O +increasing O +levels O +of O +BP O +reduction O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Patients O +with O +a O +clinical O +diagnosis O +of O +ischemic O +stroke O +( O +within O +24 O +hours O +) O +were O +consecutively O +allocated O +to O +receive O +placebo O +( O +n O += O +100 O +) O +, O +1 O +mg O +/ O +h O +( O +low O +- O +dose O +) O +nimodipine B-Chemical +( O +n O += O +101 O +) O +, O +or O +2 O +mg O +/ O +h O +( O +high O +- O +dose O +) O +nimodipine B-Chemical +( O +n O += O +94 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +correlation O +between O +average O +BP O +change O +during O +the O +first O +2 O +days O +and O +the O +outcome O +at O +day O +21 O +was O +analyzed O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Two O +hundred O +sixty O +- O +five O +patients O +were O +included O +in O +this O +analysis O +( O +n O += O +92 O +, O +93 O +, O +and O +80 O +for O +placebo O +, O +low O +dose O +, O +and O +high O +dose O +, O +respectively O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Nimodipine B-Chemical +treatment O +resulted O +in O +a O +statistically O +significant O +reduction O +in O +systolic O +BP O +( O +SBP O +) O +and O +diastolic O +BP O +( O +DBP O +) O +from O +baseline O +compared O +with O +placebo O +during O +the O +first O +few O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +multivariate O +analysis O +, O +a O +significant O +correlation O +between O +DBP O +reduction O +and O +worsening O +of O +the O +neurological O +score O +was O +found O +for O +the O +high O +- O +dose O +group O +( O +beta O += O +0 O +. O +49 O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +048 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +with O +a O +DBP O +reduction O +of O +> O +or O += O +20 O +% O +in O +the O +high O +- O +dose O +group O +had O +a O +significantly O +increased O +adjusted O +OR O +for O +the O +compound O +outcome O +variable O +death O +or O +dependency O +( O +Barthel O +Index O +< O +60 O +) O +( O +n O +/ O +N O += O +25 O +/ O +26 O +, O +OR O +10 O +. O +16 O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +1 O +. O +02 O +to O +101 O +. O +74 O +) O +and O +death O +alone O +( O +n O +/ O +N O += O +9 O +/ O +26 O +, O +OR O +4 O +. O +336 O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +1 O +. O +131 O +16 O +. O +619 O +) O +compared O +with O +all O +placebo O +patients O +( O +n O +/ O +N O += O +62 O +/ O +92 O +and O +14 O +/ O +92 O +, O +respectively O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +correlation O +between O +SBP O +change O +and O +outcome O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +DBP O +, O +but O +not O +SBP O +, O +reduction O +was O +associated O +with O +neurological O +worsening O +after O +the O +intravenous O +administration O +of O +high O +- O +dose O +nimodipine B-Chemical +after O +acute O +stroke O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +low O +- O +dose O +nimodipine B-Chemical +, O +the O +results O +were O +not O +conclusive O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +do O +not O +confirm O +or O +exclude O +a O +neuroprotective O +property O +of O +nimodipine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Neonatal O +pyridoxine B-Chemical +responsive O +convulsions O +due O +to O +isoniazid B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +17 O +- O +day O +- O +old O +infant O +on O +isoniazid B-Chemical +therapy O +13 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +daily O +from O +birth O +because O +of O +maternal O +tuberculosis O +was O +admitted O +after O +4 O +days O +of O +clonic O +fits O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +underlying O +infective O +or O +biochemical O +cause O +could O +be O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fits O +ceased O +within O +4 O +hours O +of O +administering O +intramuscular O +pyridoxine B-Chemical +, O +suggesting O +an O +aetiology O +of O +pyridoxine B-Chemical +deficiency O +secondary O +to O +isoniazid B-Chemical +medication O +. O + +aps B-category +Ketamine B-Chemical +sedation O +for O +the O +reduction O +of O +children O +' O +s O +fractures O +in O +the O +emergency O +department O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +There O +recently O +has O +been O +a O +resurgence O +in O +the O +utilization O +of O +ketamine B-Chemical +, O +a O +unique O +anesthetic O +, O +for O +emergency O +- O +department O +procedures O +requiring O +sedation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purpose O +of O +the O +present O +study O +was O +to O +examine O +the O +safety O +and O +efficacy O +of O +ketamine B-Chemical +for O +sedation O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +children O +' O +s O +fractures O +in O +the O +emergency O +department O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +One O +hundred O +and O +fourteen O +children O +( O +average O +age O +, O +5 O +. O +3 O +years O +; O +range O +, O +twelve O +months O +to O +ten O +years O +and O +ten O +months O +) O +who O +underwent O +closed O +reduction O +of O +an O +isolated O +fracture O +or O +dislocation O +in O +the O +emergency O +department O +at O +a O +level O +- O +I O +trauma O +center O +were O +prospectively O +evaluated O +. O + +aps B-category +Ketamine B-Chemical +hydrochloride I-Chemical +was O +administered O +intravenously O +( O +at O +a O +dose O +of O +two O +milligrams O +per O +kilogram O +of O +body O +weight O +) O +in O +ninety O +- O +nine O +of O +the O +patients O +and O +intramuscularly O +( O +at O +a O +dose O +of O +four O +milligrams O +per O +kilogram O +of O +body O +weight O +) O +in O +the O +other O +fifteen O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +board O +- O +certified O +emergency O +physician O +skilled O +in O +airway O +management O +supervised O +administration O +of O +the O +anesthetic O +, O +and O +the O +patients O +were O +monitored O +by O +a O +registered O +nurse O +. O + +aps B-category +Any O +pain O +during O +the O +reduction O +was O +rated O +by O +the O +orthopaedic O +surgeon O +treating O +the O +patient O +according O +to O +the O +Children O +' O +s O +Hospital O +of O +Eastern O +Ontario O +Pain O +Scale O +( O +CHEOPS O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +average O +time O +from O +intravenous O +administration O +of O +ketamine B-Chemical +to O +manipulation O +of O +the O +fracture O +or O +dislocation O +was O +one O +minute O +and O +thirty O +- O +six O +seconds O +( O +range O +, O +twenty O +seconds O +to O +five O +minutes O +) O +, O +and O +the O +average O +time O +from O +intramuscular O +administration O +to O +manipulation O +was O +four O +minutes O +and O +forty O +- O +two O +seconds O +( O +range O +, O +sixty O +seconds O +to O +fifteen O +minutes O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +average O +score O +according O +to O +the O +Children O +' O +s O +Hospital O +of O +Eastern O +Ontario O +Pain O +Scale O +was O +6 O +. O +4 O +points O +( O +range O +, O +5 O +to O +10 O +points O +) O +, O +reflecting O +minimal O +or O +no O +pain O +during O +fracture O +reduction O +. O + +aps B-category +Adequate O +fracture O +reduction O +was O +obtained O +in O +111 O +of O +the O +children O +. O + +aps B-category +Ninety O +- O +nine O +percent O +( O +sixty O +- O +eight O +) O +of O +the O +sixty O +- O +nine O +parents O +present O +during O +the O +reduction O +were O +pleased O +with O +the O +sedation O +and O +would O +allow O +it O +to O +be O +used O +again O +in O +a O +similar O +situation O +. O + +aps B-category +Patency O +of O +the O +airway O +and O +independent O +respiration O +were O +maintained O +in O +all O +of O +the O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Blood O +pressure O +and O +heart O +rate O +remained O +stable O +. O + +aps B-category +Minor O +side O +effects O +included O +nausea O +( O +thirteen O +patients O +) O +, O +emesis O +( O +eight O +of O +the O +thirteen O +patients O +with O +nausea O +) O +, O +clumsiness O +( O +evident O +as O +ataxic O +movements O +in O +ten O +patients O +) O +, O +and O +dysphoric O +reaction O +( O +one O +patient O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +long O +- O +term O +sequelae O +were O +noted O +, O +and O +no O +patients O +had O +hallucinations O +or O +nightmares O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Ketamine B-Chemical +reliably O +, O +safely O +, O +and O +quickly O +provided O +adequate O +sedation O +to O +effectively O +facilitate O +the O +reduction O +of O +children O +' O +s O +fractures O +in O +the O +emergency O +department O +at O +our O +institution O +. O + +aps B-category +Ketamine B-Chemical +should O +only O +be O +used O +in O +an O +environment O +such O +as O +the O +emergency O +department O +, O +where O +proper O +one O +- O +on O +- O +one O +monitoring O +is O +used O +and O +board O +- O +certified O +physicians O +skilled O +in O +airway O +management O +are O +directly O +involved O +in O +the O +care O +of O +the O +patient O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclosporine B-Chemical +and O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +- O +associated O +thrombotic O +microangiopathy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +development O +of O +thrombotic O +microangiopathy O +( O +TMA O +) O +associated O +with O +the O +use O +of O +cyclosporine B-Chemical +has O +been O +well O +documented O +. 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O + +aps B-category +As O +a O +result O +, O +switching O +to O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +has O +been O +reported O +to O +be O +a O +viable O +therapeutic O +option O +in O +the O +setting O +of O +cyclosporine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +TMA O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +the O +more O +widespread O +application O +of O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +in O +organ O +transplantation O +, O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +- O +associated O +TMA O +has O +also O +been O +recognized O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +literature O +regarding O +the O +incidence O +of O +the O +recurrence O +of O +TMA O +in O +patients O +exposed O +sequentially O +to O +cyclosporine B-Chemical +and O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +is O +limited O +. 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O +4 O +% O +( O +95 O +% O +CI O +, O +53 O +. O +7 O +- O +85 O +. O +4 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +154 O +courses O +of O +therapy O +, O +the O +median O +dose O +intensity O +was O +131 O +mg O +/ O +m O +( O +2 O +) O +for O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +( O +97 O +. O +3 O +% O +) O +, O +117 O +mg O +/ O +m O +( O +2 O +) O +for O +cisplatin B-Chemical +( O +97 O +. O +3 O +% O +) O +, O +and O +1378 O +mg O +/ O +m O +( O +2 O +) O +for O +gemcitabine B-Chemical +( O +86 O +. O +2 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +World O +Health O +Organization O +Grade O +3 O +- O +4 O +neutropenia O +and O +thrombocytopenia O +occurred O +in O +39 O +. O +9 O +% O +and O +11 O +. O +4 O +% O +of O +patients O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +one O +treatment O +- O +related O +death O +. O + +aps B-category +Nonhematologic O +toxicities O +were O +mild O +. 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O + +aps B-category +One O +week O +later O +, O +by O +mistake O +, O +losartan B-Chemical +was O +prescribed O +again O +and O +after O +the O +second O +dose O +of O +50 O +mg O +, O +the O +patient O +developed O +a O +second O +episode O +of O +transient O +anuria O +lasting O +10 O +hours O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +these O +two O +episodes O +, O +his O +blood O +pressure O +diminished O +but O +no O +severe O +hypotension O +was O +noted O +. O + +aps B-category +Ultimately O +, O +an O +arteriography O +showed O +a O +70 O +- O +80 O +% O +renal O +artery O +stenosis O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +patient O +, O +renal O +artery O +stenosis O +combined O +with O +heart O +failure O +and O +diuretic O +therapy O +certainly O +resulted O +in O +a O +strong O +activation O +of O +the O +renin O +- O +angiotensin B-Chemical +system O +( O +RAS O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +strategies O +depend O +on O +the O +correct O +diagnosis O +of O +the O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +Nine O +patients O +with O +severe O +pain O +in O +their O +feet O +, O +which O +was O +registered O +after O +transplantation O +, O +were O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Bone O +scans O +showed O +an O +increased O +tracer O +uptake O +of O +the O +foot O +bones O +. O + +aps B-category +Magnetic O +resonance O +imaging O +demonstrated O +bone O +marrow O +oedema O +in O +the O +painful O +bones O +. O + +aps B-category +Pain O +was O +not O +explained O +by O +other O +diseases O +causing O +foot O +pain O +, O +like O +reflex O +sympathetic O +dystrophy O +, O +polyneuropathy O +, O +Morton O +' O +s O +neuralgia O +, O +gout O +, O +osteoporosis O +, O +avascular O +necrosis O +, O +intermittent O +claudication O +, O +orthopaedic O +foot O +deformities O +, O +stress O +fractures O +, O +and O +hyperparathyroidism O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reduction O +of O +cyclosporine B-Chemical +- O +or O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +trough O +levels O +and O +the O +administration O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +channel O +blockers O +led O +to O +relief O +of O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Calcineurin O +- O +inhibitor O +Induced O +Pain O +Syndrome O +( O +CIPS O +) O +is O +a O +rare O +but O +severe O +side O +effect O +of O +cyclosporine B-Chemical +or O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +and O +is O +accurately O +diagnosed O +by O +its O +typical O +presentation O +, O +magnetic O +resonance O +imaging O +and O +bone O +scans O +. O + +aps B-category +Incorrect O +diagnosis O +of O +the O +syndrome O +will O +lead O +to O +a O +significant O +reduction O +of O +life O +quality O +in O +patients O +suffering O +from O +CIPS O +. O + +aps B-category +Brain O +natriuretic O +peptide O +is O +a O +predictor O +of O +anthracycline B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Anthracyclines B-Chemical +are O +effective O +antineoplastic O +drugs O +, O +but O +they O +frequently O +cause O +dose O +- O +related O +cardiotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cardiotoxicity O +of O +conventional O +anthracycline B-Chemical +therapy O +highlights O +a O +need O +to O +search O +for O +methods O +that O +are O +highly O +sensitive O +and O +capable O +of O +predicting O +cardiac O +dysfunction O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +measured O +the O +plasma O +level O +of O +brain O +natriuretic O +peptide O +( O +BNP O +) O +to O +determine O +whether O +BNP O +might O +serve O +as O +a O +simple O +diagnostic O +indicator O +of O +anthracycline B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiotoxicity O +in O +patients O +with O +acute O +leukemia O +treated O +with O +a O +daunorubicin B-Chemical +( O +DNR B-Chemical +) O +- O +containing O +regimen O +. O + +aps B-category +Thirteen O +patients O +with O +acute O +leukemia O +were O +treated O +with O +a O +DNR B-Chemical +- O +containing O +regimen O +. O + +aps B-category +Cardiac O +functions O +were O +evaluated O +with O +radionuclide O +angiography O +before O +chemotherapies O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +plasma O +levels O +of O +atrial O +natriuretic O +peptide O +( O +ANP O +) O +and O +BNP O +were O +measured O +at O +the O +time O +of O +radionuclide O +angiography O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +patients O +developed O +congestive O +heart O +failure O +after O +the O +completion O +of O +chemotherapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +patients O +were O +diagnosed O +as O +having O +subclinical O +heart O +failure O +after O +the O +completion O +of O +chemotherapy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +plasma O +levels O +of O +BNP O +in O +all O +the O +patients O +with O +clinical O +and O +subclinical O +heart O +failure O +increased O +above O +the O +normal O +limit O +( O +40 O +pg O +/ O +ml O +) O +before O +the O +detection O +of O +clinical O +or O +subclinical O +heart O +failure O +by O +radionuclide O +angiography O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +BNP O +did O +not O +increase O +in O +the O +patients O +without O +heart O +failure O +given O +DNR B-Chemical +, O +even O +at O +more O +than O +700 O +mg O +/ O +m O +( O +2 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +plasma O +level O +of O +ANP O +did O +not O +always O +increase O +in O +all O +the O +patients O +with O +clinical O +and O +subclinical O +heart O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +preliminary O +results O +suggest O +that O +BNP O +may O +be O +useful O +as O +an O +early O +and O +sensitive O +indicator O +of O +anthracycline B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Nephrotoxicity O +of O +combined O +cephalothin B-Chemical +- O +gentamicin B-Chemical +regimen O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +patients O +developed O +acute O +tubular O +necrosis O +, O +characterized O +clinically O +by O +acute O +oliguric O +renal O +failure O +, O +while O +they O +were O +receiving O +a O +combination O +of O +cephalothin B-Chemical +sodium I-Chemical +and O +gentamicin B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +who O +are O +given O +this O +drug O +regimen O +should O +be O +observed O +very O +carefully O +for O +early O +signs O +of O +nephrotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +High O +doses O +of O +this O +antibiotic O +combination O +should O +be O +avoided O +especially O +in O +elderly O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +with O +renal O +insufficiency O +should O +not O +be O +given O +this O +regimen O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +vivo O +protection O +of O +dna O +damage O +associated O +apoptotic O +and O +necrotic O +cell O +deaths O +during O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephrotoxicity O +, O +amiodarone B-Chemical +- O +induced O +lung O +toxicity O +and O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiotoxicity O +by O +a O +novel O +IH636 B-Chemical +grape I-Chemical +seed I-Chemical +proanthocyanidin I-Chemical +extract I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Grape B-Chemical +seed I-Chemical +extract I-Chemical +, O +primarily O +a O +mixture O +of O +proanthocyanidins B-Chemical +, O +has O +been O +shown O +to O +modulate O +a O +wide O +- O +range O +of O +biological O +, O +pharmacological O +and O +toxicological O +effects O +which O +are O +mainly O +cytoprotective O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +assessed O +the O +ability O +of O +IH636 B-Chemical +grape I-Chemical +seed I-Chemical +proanthocyanidin I-Chemical +extract I-Chemical +( O +GSPE B-Chemical +) O +to O +prevent O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +( O +AAP B-Chemical +) O +- O +induced O +nephrotoxicity O +, O +amiodarone B-Chemical +( O +AMI B-Chemical +) O +- O +induced O +lung O +toxicity O +, O +and O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +( O +DOX B-Chemical +) O +- O +induced O +cardiotoxicity O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Experimental O +design O +consisted O +of O +four O +groups O +: O +control O +( O +vehicle O +alone O +) O +, O +GSPE B-Chemical +alone O +, O +drug O +alone O +and O +GSPE B-Chemical ++ O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +the O +cytoprotection O +study O +, O +animals O +were O +orally O +gavaged O +100 O +mg O +/ O +Kg O +GSPE B-Chemical +for O +7 O +- O +10 O +days O +followed O +by O +i O +. O +p O +. O +injections O +of O +organ O +specific O +three O +drugs O +( O +AAP B-Chemical +: O +500 O +mg O +/ O +Kg O +for O +24 O +h O +; O +AMI B-Chemical +: O +50 O +mg O +/ O +Kg O +/ O +day O +for O +four O +days O +; O +DOX B-Chemical +: O +20 O +mg O +/ O +Kg O +for O +48 O +h O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Parameters O +of O +study O +included O +analysis O +of O +serum O +chemistry O +( O +ALT O +, O +BUN O +and O +CPK O +) O +, O +and O +orderly O +fragmentation O +of O +genomic O +DNA O +( O +both O +endonuclease O +- O +dependent O +and O +independent O +) O +in O +addition O +to O +microscopic O +evaluation O +of O +damage O +and O +/ O +or O +protection O +in O +corresponding O +PAS O +stained O +tissues O +. O + +aps B-category +Results O +indicate O +that O +GSPE B-Chemical +preexposure O +prior O +to O +AAP B-Chemical +, O +AMI B-Chemical +and O +DOX B-Chemical +, O +provided O +near O +complete O +protection O +in O +terms O +of O +serum O +chemistry O +changes O +( O +ALT O +, O +BUN O +and O +CPK O +) O +, O +and O +significantly O +reduced O +DNA O +fragmentation O +. O + +aps B-category +Histopathological O +examination O +of O +kidney O +, O +heart O +and O +lung O +sections O +revealed O +moderate O +to O +massive O +tissue O +damage O +with O +a O +variety O +of O +morphological O +aberrations O +by O +all O +the O +three O +drugs O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +GSPE B-Chemical +preexposure O +than O +in O +its O +presence O +. O + +aps B-category +GSPE B-Chemical ++ O +drug O +exposed O +tissues O +exhibited O +minor O +residual O +damage O +or O +near O +total O +recovery O +. O + +aps B-category +Additionally O +, O +histopathological O +alterations O +mirrored O +both O +serum O +chemistry O +changes O +and O +the O +pattern O +of O +DNA O +fragmentation O +. O + +aps B-category +Interestingly O +, O +all O +the O +drugs O +, O +such O +as O +, O +AAP B-Chemical +, O +AMI B-Chemical +and O +DOX B-Chemical +induced O +apoptotic O +death O +in O +addition O +to O +necrosis O +in O +the O +respective O +organs O +which O +was O +very O +effectively O +blocked O +by O +GSPE B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +AAP B-Chemical +, O +AMI B-Chemical +and O +DOX B-Chemical +undergo O +biotransformation O +and O +are O +known O +to O +produce O +damaging O +radicals O +in O +vivo O +, O +the O +protection O +by O +GSPE B-Chemical +may O +be O +linked O +to O +both O +inhibition O +of O +metabolism O +and O +/ O +or O +detoxification O +of O +cytotoxic O +radicals O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +its O +' O +presumed O +contribution O +to O +DNA O +repair O +may O +be O +another O +important O +attribute O +, O +which O +played O +a O +role O +in O +the O +chemoprevention O +process O +. O + +aps B-category +Additionally O +, O +this O +may O +have O +been O +the O +first O +report O +on O +AMI B-Chemical +- O +induced O +apoptotic O +death O +in O +the O +lung O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +Taken O +together O +, O +these O +events O +undoubtedly O +establish O +GSPE B-Chemical +' O +s O +abundant O +bioavailability O +, O +and O +the O +power O +to O +defend O +multiple O +target O +organs O +from O +toxic O +assaults O +induced O +by O +structurally O +diverse O +and O +functionally O +different O +entities O +in O +vivo O +. O + +aps B-category +Antidepressant B-Chemical +- O +induced O +mania O +in O +bipolar O +patients O +: O +identification O +of O +risk O +factors O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Concerns O +about O +possible O +risks O +of O +switching O +to O +mania O +associated O +with O +antidepressants B-Chemical +continue O +to O +interfere O +with O +the O +establishment O +of O +an O +optimal O +treatment O +paradigm O +for O +bipolar O +depression O +. O + +aps B-category +METHOD O +: O +The O +response O +of O +44 O +patients O +meeting O +DSM O +- O +IV O +criteria O +for O +bipolar O +disorder O +to O +naturalistic O +treatment O +was O +assessed O +for O +at O +least O +6 O +weeks O +using O +the O +Montgomery O +- O +Asberg O +Depression O +Rating O +Scale O +and O +the O +Bech O +- O +Rafaelson O +Mania O +Rating O +Scale O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +who O +experienced O +a O +manic O +or O +hypomanic O +switch O +were O +compared O +with O +those O +who O +did O +not O +on O +several O +variables O +including O +age O +, O +sex O +, O +diagnosis O +( O +DSM O +- O +IV O +bipolar O +I O +vs O +. O +bipolar O +II O +) O +, O +number O +of O +previous O +manic O +episodes O +, O +type O +of O +antidepressant B-Chemical +therapy O +used O +( O +electroconvulsive O +therapy O +vs O +. O +antidepressant B-Chemical +drugs O +and O +, O +more O +particularly O +, O +selective O +serotonin B-Chemical +reuptake I-Chemical +inhibitors I-Chemical +[ O +SSRIs B-Chemical +] O +) O +, O +use O +and O +type O +of O +mood O +stabilizers O +( O +lithium B-Chemical +vs O +. O +anticonvulsants O +) O +, O +and O +temperament O +of O +the O +patient O +, O +assessed O +during O +a O +normothymic O +period O +using O +the O +hyperthymia O +component O +of O +the O +Semi O +- O +structured O +Affective O +Temperament O +Interview O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Switches O +to O +hypomania O +or O +mania O +occurred O +in O +27 O +% O +of O +all O +patients O +( O +N O += O +12 O +) O +( O +and O +in O +24 O +% O +of O +the O +subgroup O +of O +patients O +treated O +with O +SSRIs B-Chemical +[ O +8 O +/ O +33 O +] O +) O +; O +16 O +% O +( O +N O += O +7 O +) O +experienced O +manic O +episodes O +, O +and O +11 O +% O +( O +N O += O +5 O +) O +experienced O +hypomanic O +episodes O +. O + +aps B-category +Sex O +, O +age O +, O +diagnosis O +( O +bipolar O +I O +vs O +. O +bipolar O +II O +) O +, O +and O +additional O +treatment O +did O +not O +affect O +the O +risk O +of O +switching O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +mood O +switches O +seemed O +not O +to O +differ O +between O +patients O +receiving O +an O +anticonvulsant O +and O +those O +receiving O +no O +mood O +stabilizer O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast O +, O +mood O +switches O +were O +less O +frequent O +in O +patients O +receiving O +lithium B-Chemical +( O +15 O +% O +, O +4 O +/ O +26 O +) O +than O +in O +patients O +not O +treated O +with O +lithium B-Chemical +( O +44 O +% O +, O +8 O +/ O +18 O +; O +p O += O +. O +04 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +number O +of O +previous O +manic O +episodes O +did O +not O +affect O +the O +probability O +of O +switching O +, O +whereas O +a O +high O +score O +on O +the O +hyperthymia O +component O +of O +the O +Semistructured O +Affective O +Temperament O +Interview O +was O +associated O +with O +a O +greater O +risk O +of O +switching O +( O +p O += O +. O +008 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +The O +frequency O +of O +mood O +switching O +associated O +with O +acute O +antidepressant B-Chemical +therapy O +may O +be O +reduced O +by O +lithium B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Particular O +attention O +should O +be O +paid O +to O +patients O +with O +a O +hyperthymic O +temperament O +, O +who O +have O +a O +greater O +risk O +of O +mood O +switches O +. O + +aps B-category +Peritubular O +capillary O +basement O +membrane O +reduplication O +in O +allografts O +and O +native O +kidney O +disease O +: O +a O +clinicopathologic O +study O +of O +278 O +consecutive O +renal O +specimens O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +An O +association O +has O +been O +found O +between O +transplant O +glomerulopathy O +( O +TG O +) O +and O +reduplication O +of O +peritubular O +capillary O +basement O +membranes O +( O +PTCR O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +such O +an O +association O +is O +of O +practical O +and O +theoretical O +importance O +, O +only O +one O +prospective O +study O +has O +tried O +to O +confirm O +it O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +We O +examined O +278 O +consecutive O +renal O +specimens O +( O +from O +135 O +transplants O +and O +143 O +native O +kidneys O +) O +for O +ultrastructural O +evidence O +of O +PTCR O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +to O +renal O +allografts O +with O +TG O +, O +we O +also O +examined O +grafts O +with O +acute O +rejection O +, O +recurrent O +glomerulonephritis O +, O +chronic O +allograft O +nephropathy O +and O +stable O +grafts O +( O +" O +protocol O +biopsies O +" O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Native O +kidney O +specimens O +included O +a O +wide O +range O +of O +glomerulopathies O +as O +well O +as O +cases O +of O +thrombotic O +microangiopathy O +, O +malignant O +hypertension O +, O +acute O +interstitial O +nephritis O +, O +and O +acute O +tubular O +necrosis O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +We O +found O +PTCR O +in O +14 O +of O +15 O +cases O +of O +TG O +, O +in O +7 O +transplant O +biopsy O +specimens O +without O +TG O +, O +and O +in O +13 O +of O +143 O +native O +kidney O +biopsy O +specimens O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +13 O +included O +cases O +of O +malignant O +hypertension O +, O +thrombotic O +microangiopathy O +, O +lupus O +nephritis O +, O +Henoch O +- O +Schonlein O +nephritis O +, O +crescentic O +glomerulonephritis O +, O +and O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +related O +acute O +renal O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +Mild O +PTCR O +in O +allografts O +without O +TG O +did O +not O +predict O +renal O +failure O +or O +significant O +proteinuria O +after O +follow O +- O +up O +periods O +of O +between O +3 O +months O +and O +1 O +year O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +We O +conclude O +that O +in O +transplants O +, O +there O +is O +a O +strong O +association O +between O +well O +- O +developed O +PTCR O +and O +TG O +, O +while O +the O +significance O +of O +mild O +PTCR O +and O +its O +predictive O +value O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +TG O +is O +unclear O +. O + +aps B-category +PTCR O +also O +occurs O +in O +certain O +native O +kidney O +diseases O +, O +though O +the O +association O +is O +not O +as O +strong O +as O +that O +for O +TG O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +suggest O +that O +repeated O +endothelial O +injury O +, O +including O +immunologic O +injury O +, O +may O +be O +the O +cause O +of O +this O +lesion O +both O +in O +allografts O +and O +native O +kidneys O +. O + +aps B-category +Caffeine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiac O +arrhythmia O +: O +an O +unrecognised O +danger O +of O +healthfood O +products O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +a O +25 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +with O +pre O +- O +existing O +mitral O +valve O +prolapse O +who O +developed O +intractable O +ventricular O +fibrillation O +after O +consuming O +a O +" O +natural O +energy O +" O +guarana O +health O +drink O +containing O +a O +high O +concentration O +of O +caffeine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +case O +highlights O +the O +need O +for O +adequate O +labelling O +and O +regulation O +of O +such O +products O +. O + +aps B-category +Conformationally O +restricted O +analogs O +of O +BD1008 B-Chemical +and O +an O +antisense O +oligodeoxynucleotide B-Chemical +targeting O +sigma1 O +receptors O +produce O +anti O +- O +cocaine B-Chemical +effects O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Cocaine B-Chemical +' O +s O +ability O +to O +interact O +with O +sigma O +receptors O +suggests O +that O +these O +proteins O +mediate O +some O +of O +its O +behavioral O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +three O +novel O +sigma O +receptor O +ligands O +with O +antagonist O +activity O +were O +evaluated O +in O +Swiss O +Webster O +mice O +: O +BD1018 B-Chemical +( O +3S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +[ I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dichlorophenyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +ethyl I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +diazabicyclo I-Chemical +[ I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +. I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +. I-Chemical +0 I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +nonane I-Chemical +) O +, O +BD1063 B-Chemical +( O +1 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +[ I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dichlorophenyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +ethyl I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylpiperazine I-Chemical +) O +, O +and O +LR132 B-Chemical +( O +1R O +, O +2S O +- O +( O ++ O +) O +- O +cis O +- O +N O +- O +[ O +2 O +- O +( O +3 O +, O +4 O +- O +dichlorophenyl O +) O +ethyl O +] O +- O +2 O +- O +( O +1 O +- O +pyrrolidinyl O +) O +cyclohexylamine O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Competition O +binding O +assays O +demonstrated O +that O +all O +three O +compounds O +have O +high O +affinities O +for O +sigma1 O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +three O +compounds O +vary O +in O +their O +affinities O +for O +sigma2 O +receptors O +and O +exhibit O +negligible O +affinities O +for O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +opioid O +, O +GABA B-Chemical +( O +A O +) O +and O +NMDA B-Chemical +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +behavioral O +studies O +, O +pre O +- O +treatment O +of O +mice O +with O +BD1018 B-Chemical +, O +BD1063 B-Chemical +, O +or O +LR132 B-Chemical +significantly O +attenuated O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +convulsions O +and O +lethality O +. O + +aps B-category +Moreover O +, O +post O +- O +treatment O +with O +LR132 B-Chemical +prevented O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +lethality O +in O +a O +significant O +proportion O +of O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast O +to O +the O +protection O +provided O +by O +the O +putative O +antagonists O +, O +the O +well O +- O +characterized O +sigma O +receptor O +agonist O +di B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +o I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tolylguanidine I-Chemical +( O +DTG B-Chemical +) O +and O +the O +novel O +sigma O +receptor O +agonist O +BD1031 B-Chemical +( O +3R B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +[ I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dichlorophenyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +ethyl I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +diazabicyclo I-Chemical +[ I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +. I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +. I-Chemical +0 I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +nonane I-Chemical +) O +each O +worsened O +the O +behavioral O +toxicity O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +At O +doses O +where O +alone O +, O +they O +produced O +no O +significant O +effects O +on O +locomotion O +, O +BD1018 B-Chemical +, O +BD1063 B-Chemical +and O +LR132 B-Chemical +significantly O +attenuated O +the O +locomotor O +stimulatory O +effects O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +To O +further O +validate O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +the O +anti O +- O +cocaine B-Chemical +effects O +of O +the O +novel O +ligands O +involved O +antagonism O +of O +sigma O +receptors O +, O +an O +antisense O +oligodeoxynucleotide B-Chemical +against O +sigma1 O +receptors O +was O +also O +shown O +to O +significantly O +attenuate O +the O +convulsive O +and O +locomotor O +stimulatory O +effects O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Together O +, O +the O +data O +suggests O +that O +functional O +antagonism O +of O +sigma O +receptors O +is O +capable O +of O +attenuating O +a O +number O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +behaviors O +. O + +aps B-category +Ranitidine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +acute O +interstitial O +nephritis O +in O +a O +cadaveric O +renal O +allograft O +. O + +aps B-category +Ranitidine B-Chemical +frequently O +is O +used O +for O +preventing O +peptic O +ulceration O +after O +renal O +transplantation O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +drug O +occasionally O +has O +been O +associated O +with O +acute O +interstitial O +nephritis O +in O +native O +kidneys O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +are O +no O +similar O +reports O +with O +renal O +transplantation O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +a O +case O +of O +ranitidine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +acute O +interstitial O +nephritis O +in O +a O +recipient O +of O +a O +cadaveric O +renal O +allograft O +presenting O +with O +acute O +allograft O +dysfunction O +within O +48 O +hours O +of O +exposure O +to O +the O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +biopsy O +specimen O +showed O +pathognomonic O +features O +, O +including O +eosinophilic O +infiltration O +of O +the O +interstitial O +compartment O +. O + +aps B-category +Allograft O +function O +improved O +rapidly O +and O +returned O +to O +baseline O +after O +stopping O +the O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +Liver O +disease O +caused O +by O +propylthiouracil B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +report O +presents O +the O +clinical O +, O +laboratory O +, O +and O +light O +and O +electron O +microscopic O +observations O +on O +a O +patient O +with O +chronic O +active O +( O +aggressive O +) O +hepatitis O +caused O +by O +the O +administration O +of O +propylthiouracil B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +is O +an O +addition O +to O +the O +list O +of O +drugs O +that O +must O +be O +considered O +in O +the O +evaluation O +of O +chronic O +liver O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Withdrawal O +- O +emergent O +rabbit O +syndrome O +during O +dose O +reduction O +of O +risperidone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Rabbit O +syndrome O +( O +RS O +) O +is O +a O +rare O +extrapyramidal O +side O +effect O +caused O +by O +prolonged O +neuroleptic O +medication O +. O + +aps B-category +Here O +we O +present O +a O +case O +of O +withdrawal O +- O +emergent O +RS O +, O +which O +is O +the O +first O +of O +its O +kind O +to O +be O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +developed O +RS O +during O +dose O +reduction O +of O +risperidone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +symptom O +was O +treated O +successfully O +with O +trihexyphenidyl B-Chemical +anticholinergic O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +underlying O +mechanism O +of O +withdrawal O +- O +emergent O +RS O +in O +the O +present O +case O +may O +have O +been O +related O +to O +the O +pharmacological O +profile O +of O +risperidone B-Chemical +, O +a O +serotonin B-Chemical +- O +dopamine B-Chemical +antagonist O +, O +suggesting O +the O +pathophysiologic O +influence O +of O +the O +serotonin B-Chemical +system O +in O +the O +development O +of O +RS O +. O + +aps B-category +Pharmacokinetic O +/ O +pharmacodynamic O +assessment O +of O +the O +effects O +of O +E4031 B-Chemical +, O +cisapride B-Chemical +, O +terfenadine B-Chemical +and O +terodiline B-Chemical +on O +monophasic O +action O +potential O +duration O +in O +dog O +. O + +aps B-category +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +Torsades O +de O +pointes O +( O +TDP O +) O +is O +a O +potentially O +fatal O +ventricular O +tachycardia O +associated O +with O +increases O +in O +QT O +interval O +and O +monophasic O +action O +potential O +duration O +( O +MAPD O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +TDP O +is O +a O +side O +- O +effect O +that O +has O +led O +to O +withdrawal O +of O +several O +drugs O +from O +the O +market O +( O +e O +. O +g O +. O +terfenadine B-Chemical +and O +terodiline B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +2 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +potential O +of O +compounds O +to O +cause O +TDP O +was O +evaluated O +by O +monitoring O +their O +effects O +on O +MAPD O +in O +dog O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +compounds O +known O +to O +increase O +QT O +interval O +and O +cause O +TDP O +were O +investigated O +: O +terfenadine B-Chemical +, O +terodiline B-Chemical +, O +cisapride B-Chemical +and O +E4031 B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +basis O +that O +only O +free O +drug O +in O +the O +systemic O +circulation O +will O +elicit O +a O +pharmacological O +response O +target O +, O +free O +concentrations O +in O +plasma O +were O +selected O +to O +mimic O +the O +free O +drug O +exposures O +in O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +Infusion O +regimens O +were O +designed O +that O +rapidly O +achieved O +and O +maintained O +target O +- O +free O +concentrations O +of O +these O +drugs O +in O +plasma O +and O +data O +on O +the O +relationship O +between O +free O +concentration O +and O +changes O +in O +MAPD O +were O +obtained O +for O +these O +compounds O +. O + +aps B-category +3 O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +indicate O +that O +the O +free O +ED50 O +in O +plasma O +for O +terfenadine B-Chemical +( O +1 O +. O +9 O +nM O +) O +, O +terodiline B-Chemical +( O +76 O +nM O +) O +, O +cisapride B-Chemical +( O +11 O +nM O +) O +and O +E4031 B-Chemical +( O +1 O +. O +9 O +nM O +) O +closely O +correlate O +with O +the O +free O +concentration O +in O +man O +causing O +QT O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +compounds O +that O +have O +shown O +TDP O +in O +the O +clinic O +( O +terfenadine B-Chemical +, O +terodiline B-Chemical +, O +cisapride B-Chemical +) O +there O +is O +little O +differentiation O +between O +the O +dog O +ED50 O +and O +the O +efficacious O +free O +plasma O +concentrations O +in O +man O +( O +< O +10 O +- O +fold O +) O +reflecting O +their O +limited O +safety O +margins O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +underline O +the O +need O +to O +maximize O +the O +therapeutic O +ratio O +with O +respect O +to O +TDP O +in O +potential O +development O +candidates O +and O +the O +importance O +of O +using O +free O +drug O +concentrations O +in O +pharmacokinetic O +/ O +pharmacodynamic O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +Bladder O +retention O +of O +urine O +as O +a O +result O +of O +continuous O +intravenous O +infusion O +of O +fentanyl B-Chemical +: O +2 O +case O +reports O +. O + +aps B-category +Sedation O +has O +been O +commonly O +used O +in O +the O +neonate O +to O +decrease O +the O +stress O +and O +pain O +from O +the O +noxious O +stimuli O +and O +invasive O +procedures O +in O +the O +neonatal O +intensive O +care O +unit O +, O +as O +well O +as O +to O +facilitate O +synchrony O +between O +ventilator O +and O +spontaneous O +breaths O +. O + +aps B-category +Fentanyl B-Chemical +, O +an O +opioid O +analgesic O +, O +is O +frequently O +used O +in O +the O +neonatal O +intensive O +care O +unit O +setting O +for O +these O +very O +purposes O +. O + +aps B-category +Various O +reported O +side O +effects O +of O +fentanyl B-Chemical +administration O +include O +chest O +wall O +rigidity O +, O +hypotension O +, O +respiratory O +depression O +, O +and O +bradycardia O +. O + +aps B-category +Here O +, O +2 O +cases O +of O +urinary O +bladder O +retention O +leading O +to O +renal O +pelvocalyceal O +dilatation O +mimicking O +hydronephrosis O +as O +a O +result O +of O +continuous O +infusion O +of O +fentanyl B-Chemical +are O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +Fatal O +myeloencephalopathy O +due O +to O +accidental O +intrathecal O +vincristin B-Chemical +administration O +: O +a O +report O +of O +two O +cases O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +on O +two O +fatal O +cases O +of O +accidental O +intrathecal O +vincristine B-Chemical +instillation O +in O +a O +5 O +- O +year O +old O +girl O +with O +recurrent O +acute O +lymphoblastic O +leucemia O +and O +a O +57 O +- O +year O +old O +man O +with O +lymphoblastic O +lymphoma O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +girl O +died O +seven O +days O +, O +the O +man O +four O +weeks O +after O +intrathecal O +injection O +of O +vincristine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Clinically O +, O +the O +onset O +was O +characterized O +by O +the O +signs O +of O +opistothonus O +, O +sensory O +and O +motor O +dysfunction O +and O +ascending O +paralysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Histological O +and O +immunohistochemical O +investigations O +( O +HE O +- O +LFB O +, O +CD O +- O +68 O +, O +Neurofilament O +) O +revealed O +degeneration O +of O +myelin O +and O +axons O +as O +well O +as O +pseudocystic O +transformation O +in O +areas O +exposed O +to O +vincristine B-Chemical +, O +accompanied O +by O +secondary O +changes O +with O +numerous O +prominent O +macrophages O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +clinical O +course O +and O +histopathological O +results O +of O +the O +two O +cases O +are O +presented O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +review O +of O +all O +reported O +cases O +in O +the O +literature O +is O +given O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +better O +controlled O +regimen O +for O +administering O +vincristine B-Chemical +and O +intrathecal O +chemotherapy O +is O +recommended O +. O + +aps B-category +Palpebral O +twitching O +in O +a O +depressed O +adolescent O +on O +citalopram B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Current O +estimates O +suggest O +that O +between O +0 O +. O +4 O +% O +and O +8 O +. O +3 O +% O +of O +children O +and O +adolescents O +are O +affected O +by O +major O +depression O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +a O +favorable O +response O +to O +treatment O +with O +citalopram B-Chemical +by O +a O +15 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +boy O +with O +major O +depression O +who O +exhibited O +palpebral O +twitching O +during O +his O +first O +2 O +weeks O +of O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +may O +have O +been O +a O +side O +effect O +of O +citalopram B-Chemical +as O +it O +remitted O +with O +redistribution O +of O +doses O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +3 O +- O +week O +sulphasalazine B-Chemical +syndrome O +strikes O +again O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +34 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +lady O +developed O +a O +constellation O +of O +dermatitis O +, O +fever O +, O +lymphadenopathy O +and O +hepatitis O +, O +beginning O +on O +the O +17th O +day O +of O +a O +course O +of O +oral O +sulphasalazine B-Chemical +for O +sero O +- O +negative O +rheumatoid O +arthritis O +. O + +aps B-category +Cervical O +and O +inguinal O +lymph O +node O +biopsies O +showed O +the O +features O +of O +severe O +necrotising O +lymphadenitis O +, O +associated O +with O +erythrophagocytosis O +and O +prominent O +eosinophilic O +infiltrates O +, O +without O +viral O +inclusion O +bodies O +, O +suggestive O +of O +an O +adverse O +drug O +reaction O +. O +A O +week O +later O +, O +fulminant O +drug O +- O +induced O +hepatitis O +, O +associated O +with O +the O +presence O +of O +anti O +- O +nuclear O +autoantibodies O +( O +but O +not O +with O +other O +markers O +of O +autoimmunity O +) O +, O +and O +accompanied O +by O +multi O +- O +organ O +failure O +and O +sepsis O +, O +supervened O +. O + +aps B-category +She O +subsequently O +died O +some O +5 O +weeks O +after O +the O +commencement O +of O +her O +drug O +therapy O +. O +Post O +- O +mortem O +examination O +showed O +evidence O +of O +massive O +hepatocellular O +necrosis O +, O +acute O +hypersensitivity O +myocarditis O +, O +focal O +acute O +tubulo O +- O +interstitial O +nephritis O +and O +extensive O +bone O +marrow O +necrosis O +, O +with O +no O +evidence O +of O +malignancy O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +thought O +that O +the O +clinico O +- O +pathological O +features O +and O +chronology O +of O +this O +case O +bore O +the O +hallmarks O +of O +the O +so O +- O +called O +" O +3 O +- O +week O +sulphasalazine B-Chemical +syndrome O +" O +, O +a O +rare O +, O +but O +often O +fatal O +, O +immunoallergic O +reaction O +to O +sulphasalazine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Intravenous O +administration O +of O +prochlorperazine B-Chemical +by O +15 O +- O +minute O +infusion O +versus O +2 O +- O +minute O +bolus O +does O +not O +affect O +the O +incidence O +of O +akathisia O +: O +a O +prospective O +, O +randomized O +, O +controlled O +trial O +. O + +aps B-category +STUDY O +OBJECTIVE O +: O +We O +sought O +to O +compare O +the O +rate O +of O +akathisia O +after O +administration O +of O +intravenous O +prochlorperazine B-Chemical +as O +a O +2 O +- O +minute O +bolus O +or O +15 O +- O +minute O +infusion O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +main O +outcome O +was O +the O +number O +of O +study O +participants O +experiencing O +akathisia O +within O +60 O +minutes O +of O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +Akathisia O +was O +defined O +as O +either O +a O +spontaneous O +report O +of O +restlessness O +or O +agitation O +or O +a O +change O +of O +2 O +or O +more O +in O +the O +patient O +- O +reported O +akathisia O +rating O +scale O +and O +a O +change O +of O +at O +least O +1 O +in O +the O +investigator O +- O +observed O +akathisia O +rating O +scale O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +intensity O +of O +headache O +and O +nausea O +was O +measured O +with O +a O +100 O +- O +mm O +visual O +analog O +scale O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +One O +hundred O +patients O +were O +enrolled O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +study O +participant O +was O +excluded O +after O +protocol O +violation O +. O + +aps B-category +Seventy O +- O +three O +percent O +( O +73 O +/ O +99 O +) O +of O +the O +study O +participants O +were O +treated O +for O +headache O +and O +70 O +% O +( O +70 O +/ O +99 O +) O +for O +nausea O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +bolus O +group O +, O +26 O +. O +0 O +% O +( O +13 O +/ O +50 O +) O +had O +akathisia O +compared O +with O +32 O +. O +7 O +% O +( O +16 O +/ O +49 O +) O +in O +the O +infusion O +group O +( O +Delta O += O +- O +6 O +. O +7 O +% O +; O +95 O +% O +confidence O +interval O +[ O +CI O +] O +- O +24 O +. O +6 O +% O +to O +11 O +. O +2 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +difference O +between O +the O +bolus O +and O +infusion O +groups O +in O +the O +percentage O +of O +participants O +who O +saw O +a O +50 O +% O +reduction O +in O +their O +headache O +intensity O +within O +30 O +minutes O +was O +11 O +. O +8 O +% O +( O +95 O +% O +CI O +- O +9 O +. O +6 O +% O +to O +33 O +. O +3 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +difference O +in O +the O +percentage O +of O +patients O +with O +a O +50 O +% O +reduction O +in O +their O +nausea O +was O +12 O +. O +6 O +% O +( O +95 O +% O +CI O +- O +4 O +. O +6 O +% O +to O +29 O +. O +8 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +A O +50 O +% O +reduction O +in O +the O +incidence O +of O +akathisia O +when O +prochlorperazine B-Chemical +was O +administered O +by O +means O +of O +15 O +- O +minute O +intravenous O +infusion O +versus O +a O +2 O +- O +minute O +intravenous O +push O +was O +not O +detected O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +efficacy O +of O +prochlorperazine B-Chemical +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +headache O +and O +nausea O +likewise O +did O +not O +appear O +to O +be O +affected O +by O +the O +rate O +of O +administration O +, O +although O +no O +formal O +statistical O +comparisons O +were O +made O +. O + +aps B-category +Combined O +antiretroviral O +therapy O +causes O +cardiomyopathy O +and O +elevates O +plasma O +lactate B-Chemical +in O +transgenic O +AIDS O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Highly O +active O +antiretroviral O +therapy O +( O +HAART O +) O +is O +implicated O +in O +cardiomyopathy O +( O +CM O +) O +and O +in O +elevated O +plasma O +lactate B-Chemical +( O +LA B-Chemical +) O +in O +AIDS O +through O +mechanisms O +of O +mitochondrial O +dysfunction O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +determine O +mitochondrial O +events O +from O +HAART O +in O +vivo O +, O +8 O +- O +week O +- O +old O +hemizygous O +transgenic O +AIDS O +mice O +( O +NL4 O +- O +3Delta O +gag O +/ O +pol O +; O +TG O +) O +and O +wild O +- O +type O +FVB O +/ O +n O +littermates O +were O +treated O +with O +the O +HAART O +combination O +of O +zidovudine B-Chemical +, O +lamivudine B-Chemical +, O +and O +indinavir B-Chemical +or O +vehicle O +control O +for O +10 O +days O +or O +35 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +termination O +of O +the O +experiments O +, O +mice O +underwent O +echocardiography O +, O +quantitation O +of O +abundance O +of O +molecular O +markers O +of O +CM O +( O +ventricular O +mRNA O +encoding O +atrial O +natriuretic O +factor O +[ O +ANF O +] O +and O +sarcoplasmic O +calcium B-Chemical +ATPase O +[ O +SERCA2 O +] O +) O +, O +and O +determination O +of O +plasma O +LA B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Myocardial O +histologic O +features O +were O +analyzed O +semiquantitatively O +and O +results O +were O +confirmed O +by O +transmission O +electron O +microscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +35 O +days O +in O +the O +TG O ++ O +HAART O +cohort O +, O +left O +ventricular O +mass O +increased O +160 O +% O +by O +echocardiography O +. O + +aps B-category +Molecularly O +, O +ANF O +mRNA O +increased O +250 O +% O +and O +SERCA2 O +mRNA O +decreased O +57 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Biochemically O +, O +LA B-Chemical +was O +elevated O +( O +8 O +. O +5 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +0 O +mM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Pathologically O +, O +granular O +cytoplasmic O +changes O +were O +found O +in O +cardiac O +myocytes O +, O +indicating O +enlarged O +, O +damaged O +mitochondria O +. O + +aps B-category +Findings O +were O +confirmed O +ultrastructurally O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +changes O +were O +found O +in O +other O +cohorts O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +10 O +days O +, O +only O +ANF O +was O +elevated O +, O +and O +only O +in O +the O +TG O ++ O +HAART O +cohort O +. O + +aps B-category +Results O +show O +that O +cumulative O +HAART O +caused O +mitochondrial O +CM O +with O +elevated O +LA B-Chemical +in O +AIDS O +transgenic O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +Phase O +II O +trial O +of O +cisplatin B-Chemical +plus O +WR B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2721 I-Chemical +( O +amifostine B-Chemical +) O +for O +metastatic O +breast O +carcinoma O +: O +an O +Eastern O +Cooperative O +Oncology O +Group O +Study O +( O +E8188 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Cisplatin B-Chemical +has O +minimal O +antitumor O +activity O +when O +used O +as O +second O +- O +or O +third O +- O +line O +treatment O +of O +metastatic O +breast O +carcinoma O +. O + +aps B-category +Older O +reports O +suggest O +an O +objective O +response O +rate O +of O +8 O +% O +when O +60 O +- O +120 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +of O +cisplatin B-Chemical +is O +administered O +every O +3 O +- O +4 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +a O +dose O +- O +response O +effect O +has O +been O +observed O +with O +cisplatin B-Chemical +, O +the O +dose O +- O +limiting O +toxicities O +associated O +with O +cisplatin B-Chemical +( O +e O +. O +g O +. O +, O +nephrotoxicity O +, O +ototoxicity O +, O +and O +neurotoxicity O +) O +have O +limited O +its O +use O +as O +a O +treatment O +for O +breast O +carcinoma O +. O + +aps B-category +WR B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2721 I-Chemical +or O +amifostine B-Chemical +initially O +was O +developed O +to O +protect O +military O +personnel O +in O +the O +event O +of O +nuclear O +war O +. O + +aps B-category +Amifostine B-Chemical +subsequently O +was O +shown O +to O +protect O +normal O +tissues O +from O +the O +toxic O +effects O +of O +alkylating B-Chemical +agents I-Chemical +and O +cisplatin B-Chemical +without O +decreasing O +the O +antitumor O +effect O +of O +the O +chemotherapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Early O +trials O +of O +cisplatin B-Chemical +and O +amifostine B-Chemical +also O +suggested O +that O +the O +incidence O +and O +severity O +of O +cisplatin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephrotoxicity O +, O +ototoxicity O +, O +and O +neuropathy O +were O +reduced O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +A O +Phase O +II O +study O +of O +the O +combination O +of O +cisplatin B-Chemical +plus O +amifostine B-Chemical +was O +conducted O +in O +patients O +with O +progressive O +metastatic O +breast O +carcinoma O +who O +had O +received O +one O +, O +but O +not O +more O +than O +one O +, O +chemotherapy O +regimen O +for O +metastatic O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +received O +amifostine B-Chemical +, O +910 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +intravenously O +over O +15 O +minutes O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +completion O +of O +the O +amifostine B-Chemical +infusion O +, O +cisplatin B-Chemical +120 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +was O +administered O +over O +30 O +minutes O +. O + +aps B-category +Intravenous O +hydration O +and O +mannitol B-Chemical +was O +administered O +before O +and O +after O +cisplatin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +was O +administered O +every O +3 O +weeks O +until O +disease O +progression O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Forty O +- O +four O +patients O +were O +enrolled O +in O +the O +study O +of O +which O +7 O +( O +16 O +% O +) O +were O +ineligible O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +median O +of O +2 O +cycles O +of O +therapy O +was O +administered O +to O +the O +37 O +eligible O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Six O +partial O +responses O +were O +observed O +for O +an O +overall O +response O +rate O +of O +16 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Most O +patients O +( O +57 O +% O +) O +stopped O +treatment O +because O +of O +disease O +progression O +. O + +aps B-category +Neurologic O +toxicity O +was O +reported O +in O +52 O +% O +of O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Seven O +different O +life O +- O +threatening O +toxicities O +were O +observed O +in O +patients O +while O +receiving O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +The O +combination O +of O +cisplatin B-Chemical +and O +amifostine B-Chemical +in O +this O +study O +resulted O +in O +an O +overall O +response O +rate O +of O +16 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +a O +tumor O +- O +protective O +effect O +nor O +reduced O +toxicity O +to O +normal O +tissues O +was O +observed O +with O +the O +addition O +of O +amifostine B-Chemical +to O +cisplatin B-Chemical +in O +this O +trial O +. O + +aps B-category +Oral B-Chemical +contraceptives I-Chemical +and O +the O +risk O +of O +myocardial O +infarction O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +An O +association O +between O +the O +use O +of O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptives I-Chemical +and O +the O +risk O +of O +myocardial O +infarction O +has O +been O +found O +in O +some O +, O +but O +not O +all O +, O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +investigated O +this O +association O +, O +according O +to O +the O +type O +of O +progestagen B-Chemical +included O +in O +third O +- O +generation O +( O +i O +. O +e O +. O +, O +desogestrel B-Chemical +or O +gestodene B-Chemical +) O +and O +second O +- O +generation O +( O +i O +. O +e O +. O +, O +levonorgestrel B-Chemical +) O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptives I-Chemical +, O +the O +dose O +of O +estrogen B-Chemical +, O +and O +the O +presence O +or O +absence O +of O +prothrombotic O +mutations O +METHODS O +: O +In O +a O +nationwide O +, O +population O +- O +based O +, O +case O +- O +control O +study O +, O +we O +identified O +and O +enrolled O +248 O +women O +18 O +through O +49 O +years O +of O +age O +who O +had O +had O +a O +first O +myocardial O +infarction O +between O +1990 O +and O +1995 O +and O +925 O +control O +women O +who O +had O +not O +had O +a O +myocardial O +infarction O +and O +who O +were O +matched O +for O +age O +, O +calendar O +year O +of O +the O +index O +event O +, O +and O +area O +of O +residence O +. O + +aps B-category +Subjects O +supplied O +information O +on O +oral B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +contraceptive I-Chemical +use O +and O +major O +cardiovascular O +risk O +factors O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +analysis O +for O +factor O +V O +Leiden O +and O +the O +G20210A O +mutation O +in O +the O +prothrombin O +gene O +was O +conducted O +in O +217 O +patients O +and O +763 O +controls O +RESULTS O +: O +The O +odds O +ratio O +for O +myocardial O +infarction O +among O +women O +who O +used O +any O +type O +of O +combined O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptive I-Chemical +, O +as O +compared O +with O +nonusers O +, O +was O +2 O +. O +0 O +( O +95 O +percent O +confidence O +interval O +, O +1 O +. O +5 O +to O +2 O +. O +8 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +adjusted O +odds O +ratio O +was O +2 O +. O +5 O +( O +95 O +percent O +confidence O +interval O +, O +1 O +. O +5 O +to O +4 O +. O +1 O +) O +among O +women O +who O +used O +second O +- O +generation O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptives I-Chemical +and O +1 O +. O +3 O +( O +95 O +percent O +confidence O +interval O +, O +0 O +. O +7 O +to O +2 O +. O +5 O +) O +among O +those O +who O +used O +third O +- O +generation O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptives I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +women O +who O +used O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptives I-Chemical +, O +the O +odds O +ratio O +was O +2 O +. O +1 O +( O +95 O +percent O +confidence O +interval O +, O +1 O +. O +5 O +to O +3 O +. O +0 O +) O +for O +those O +without O +a O +prothrombotic O +mutation O +and O +1 O +. O +9 O +( O +95 O +percent O +confidence O +interval O +, O +0 O +. O +6 O +to O +5 O +. O +5 O +) O +for O +those O +with O +a O +mutation O +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +The O +risk O +of O +myocardial O +infarction O +was O +increased O +among O +women O +who O +used O +second O +- O +generation O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptives I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +with O +respect O +to O +the O +use O +of O +third O +- O +generation O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptives I-Chemical +were O +inconclusive O +but O +suggested O +that O +the O +risk O +was O +lower O +than O +the O +risk O +associated O +with O +second O +- O +generation O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptives I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +risk O +of O +myocardial O +infarction O +was O +similar O +among O +women O +who O +used O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptives I-Chemical +whether O +or O +not O +they O +had O +a O +prothrombotic O +mutation O +. O + +aps B-category +End O +- O +stage O +renal O +disease O +( O +ESRD O +) O +after O +orthotopic O +liver O +transplantation O +( O +OLTX O +) O +using O +calcineurin O +- O +based O +immunotherapy O +: O +risk O +of O +development O +and O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +The O +calcineurin O +inhibitors O +cyclosporine B-Chemical +and O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +are O +both O +known O +to O +be O +nephrotoxic O +. O + +aps B-category +Their O +use O +in O +orthotopic O +liver O +transplantation O +( O +OLTX O +) O +has O +dramatically O +improved O +success O +rates O +. O + +aps B-category +Recently O +, O +however O +, O +we O +have O +had O +an O +increase O +of O +patients O +who O +are O +presenting O +after O +OLTX O +with O +end O +- O +stage O +renal O +disease O +( O +ESRD O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +retrospective O +study O +examines O +the O +incidence O +and O +treatment O +of O +ESRD O +and O +chronic O +renal O +failure O +( O +CRF O +) O +in O +OLTX O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Patients O +receiving O +an O +OLTX O +only O +from O +June O +1985 O +through O +December O +of O +1994 O +who O +survived O +6 O +months O +postoperatively O +were O +studied O +( O +n O += O +834 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +prospectively O +collected O +database O +was O +the O +source O +of O +information O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +were O +divided O +into O +three O +groups O +: O +Controls O +, O +no O +CRF O +or O +ESRD O +, O +n O += O +748 O +; O +CRF O +, O +sustained O +serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +> O +2 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +dl O +, O +n O += O +41 O +; O +and O +ESRD O +, O +n O += O +45 O +. O + +aps B-category +Groups O +were O +compared O +for O +preoperative O +laboratory O +variables O +, O +diagnosis O +, O +postoperative O +variables O +, O +survival O +, O +type O +of O +ESRD O +therapy O +, O +and O +survival O +from O +onset O +of O +ESRD O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +At O +13 O +years O +after O +OLTX O +, O +the O +incidence O +of O +severe O +renal O +dysfunction O +was O +18 O +. O +1 O +% O +( O +CRF O +8 O +. O +6 O +% O +and O +ESRD O +9 O +. O +5 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Compared O +with O +control O +patients O +, O +CRF O +and O +ESRD O +patients O +had O +higher O +preoperative O +serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +levels O +, O +a O +greater O +percentage O +of O +patients O +with O +hepatorenal O +syndrome O +, O +higher O +percentage O +requirement O +for O +dialysis O +in O +the O +first O +3 O +months O +postoperatively O +, O +and O +a O +higher O +1 O +- O +year O +serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Multivariate O +stepwise O +logistic O +regression O +analysis O +using O +preoperative O +and O +postoperative O +variables O +identified O +that O +an O +increase O +of O +serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +compared O +with O +average O +at O +1 O +year O +, O +3 O +months O +, O +and O +4 O +weeks O +postoperatively O +were O +independent O +risk O +factors O +for O +the O +development O +of O +CRF O +or O +ESRD O +with O +odds O +ratios O +of O +2 O +. O +6 O +, O +2 O +. O +2 O +, O +and O +1 O +. O +6 O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Overall O +survival O +from O +the O +time O +of O +OLTX O +was O +not O +significantly O +different O +among O +groups O +, O +but O +by O +year O +13 O +, O +the O +survival O +of O +the O +patients O +who O +had O +ESRD O +was O +only O +28 O +. O +2 O +% O +compared O +with O +54 O +. O +6 O +% O +in O +the O +control O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +developing O +ESRD O +had O +a O +6 O +- O +year O +survival O +after O +onset O +of O +ESRD O +of O +27 O +% O +for O +the O +patients O +receiving O +hemodialysis O +versus O +71 O +. O +4 O +% O +for O +the O +patients O +developing O +ESRD O +who O +subsequently O +received O +kidney O +transplants O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Patients O +who O +are O +more O +than O +10 O +years O +post O +- O +OLTX O +have O +CRF O +and O +ESRD O +at O +a O +high O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +development O +of O +ESRD O +decreases O +survival O +, O +particularly O +in O +those O +patients O +treated O +with O +dialysis O +only O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +who O +develop O +ESRD O +have O +a O +higher O +preoperative O +and O +1 O +- O +year O +serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +and O +are O +more O +likely O +to O +have O +hepatorenal O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +an O +increase O +of O +serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +at O +various O +times O +postoperatively O +is O +more O +predictive O +of O +the O +development O +of O +CRF O +or O +ESRD O +. O + +aps B-category +New O +strategies O +for O +long O +- O +term O +immunosuppression O +may O +be O +needed O +to O +decrease O +this O +complication O +. O + +aps B-category +Epileptic O +seizures O +following O +cortical O +application O +of O +fibrin O +sealants O +containing O +tranexamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Fibrin O +sealants O +( O +FS O +) O +derived O +from O +human O +plasma O +are O +frequently O +used O +in O +neurosurgery O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +order O +to O +increase O +clot O +stability O +, O +FS O +typically O +contain O +aprotinin O +, O +a O +natural O +fibrinolysis O +inhibitor O +. 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O +, O +weekly O +for O +up O +to O +8 O +weeks O +for O +a O +total O +cumulative O +dose O +of O +12 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +BW O +. O + +aps B-category +Ten O +rats O +received O +saline O +as O +a O +control O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +cTnI O +was O +measured O +with O +Access O +( O +R O +) O +( O +ng O +/ O +ml O +) O +and O +a O +research O +immunoassay O +( O +pg O +/ O +ml O +) O +, O +and O +compared O +with O +cTnT O +, O +CK O +- O +MB O +mass O +and O +CK O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +using O +transthoracic O +echocardiography O +, O +anterior O +and O +posterior O +wall O +thickness O +, O +LV O +diameters O +and O +LV O +fractional O +shortening O +( O +FS O +) O +were O +measured O +in O +all O +rats O +before O +DOX B-Chemical +or O +saline O +, O +and O +at O +weeks O +6 O +and O +9 O +after O +treatment O +in O +all O +surviving O +rats O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Although O +there O +was O +a O +discrepancy O +between O +the O +amount O +of O +cTnI O +and O +cTnT O +after O +DOX B-Chemical +, O +probably O +due O +to O +heterogeneity O +in O +cross O +- O +reactivities O +of O +mAbs O +to O +various O +cTnI O +and O +cTnT O +forms O +, O +it O +is O +likely O +that O +cTnT O +in O +rats O +after O +DOX B-Chemical +indicates O +cell O +damage O +determined O +by O +the O +magnitude O +of O +injury O +induced O +and O +that O +cTnT O +should O +be O +a O +useful O +marker O +for O +the O +prediction O +of O +experimentally O +induced O +cardiotoxicity O +and O +possibly O +for O +cardioprotective O +experiments O +. O + +aps B-category +Octreotide B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypoxemia O +and O +pulmonary O +hypertension O +in O +premature O +neonates O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +authors O +report O +2 O +cases O +of O +premature O +neonates O +who O +had O +enterocutaneous O +fistula O +complicating O +necrotizing O +enterocolitis O +. O + +aps B-category +Pulmonary O +hypertension O +developed O +after O +administration O +of O +a O +somatostatin O +analogue O +, O +octreotide B-Chemical +, O +to O +enhance O +resolution O +of O +the O +fistula O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +authors O +discuss O +the O +mechanism O +of O +the O +occurrence O +of O +this O +complication O +and O +recommend O +caution O +of O +its O +use O +in O +high O +- O +risk O +premature O +neonates O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +risk O +of O +venous O +thromboembolism O +in O +women O +prescribed O +cyproterone B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +in O +combination O +with O +ethinyl B-Chemical +estradiol I-Chemical +: O +a O +nested O +cohort O +analysis O +and O +case O +- O +control O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Cyproterone B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +combined O +with O +ethinyl B-Chemical +estradiol I-Chemical +( O +CPA B-Chemical +/ O +EE B-Chemical +) O +is O +licensed O +in O +the O +UK O +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +women O +with O +acne O +and O +hirsutism O +and O +is O +also O +a O +treatment O +option O +for O +polycystic O +ovary O +syndrome O +( O +PCOS O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Previous O +studies O +have O +demonstrated O +an O +increased O +risk O +of O +venous O +thromboembolism O +( O +VTE O +) O +associated O +with O +CPA B-Chemical +/ O +EE B-Chemical +compared O +with O +conventional O +combined O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptives I-Chemical +( O +COCs O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +believe O +the O +results O +of O +those O +studies O +may O +have O +been O +affected O +by O +residual O +confounding O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Using O +the O +General O +Practice O +Research O +Database O +we O +conducted O +a O +cohort O +analysis O +and O +case O +- O +control O +study O +nested O +within O +a O +population O +of O +women O +aged O +between O +15 O +and O +39 O +years O +with O +acne O +, O +hirsutism O +or O +PCOS O +to O +estimate O +the O +risk O +of O +VTE O +associated O +with O +CPA B-Chemical +/ O +EE B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +age O +- O +adjusted O +incidence O +rate O +ratio O +for O +CPA B-Chemical +/ O +EE B-Chemical +versus O +conventional O +COCs O +was O +2 O +. O +20 O +[ O +95 O +% O +confidence O +interval O +( O +CI O +) O +1 O +. O +35 O +- O +3 O +. O +58 O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +as O +the O +reference O +group O +women O +who O +were O +not O +using O +oral O +contraception O +, O +had O +no O +recent O +pregnancy O +or O +menopausal O +symptoms O +, O +the O +case O +- O +control O +analysis O +gave O +an O +adjusted O +odds O +ratio O +( O +OR O +( O +adj O +) O +) O +of O +7 O +. O +44 O +( O +95 O +% O +CI O +3 O +. O +67 O +- O +15 O +. O +08 O +) O +for O +CPA B-Chemical +/ O +EE B-Chemical +use O +compared O +with O +an O +OR O +( O +adj O +) O +of O +2 O +. O +58 O +( O +95 O +% O +CI O +1 O +. O +60 O +- O +4 O +. O +18 O +) O +for O +use O +of O +conventional O +COCs O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +We O +have O +demonstrated O +an O +increased O +risk O +of O +VTE O +associated O +with O +the O +use O +of O +CPA B-Chemical +/ O +EE B-Chemical +in O +women O +with O +acne O +, O +hirsutism O +or O +PCOS O +although O +residual O +confounding O +by O +indication O +cannot O +be O +excluded O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +treatment O +with O +gum B-Chemical +Arabic I-Chemical +on O +gentamicin B-Chemical +nephrotoxicity O +in O +rats O +: O +a O +preliminary O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +present O +work O +we O +assessed O +the O +effect O +of O +treatment O +of O +rats O +with O +gum B-Chemical +Arabic I-Chemical +on O +acute O +renal O +failure O +induced O +by O +gentamicin B-Chemical +( O +GM B-Chemical +) O +nephrotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Rats O +were O +treated O +with O +the O +vehicle O +( O +2 O +mL O +/ O +kg O +of O +distilled O +water O +and O +5 O +% O +w O +/ O +v O +cellulose O +, O +10 O +days O +) O +, O +gum B-Chemical +Arabic I-Chemical +( O +2 O +mL O +/ O +kg O +of O +a O +10 O +% O +w O +/ O +v O +aqueous O +suspension O +of O +gum B-Chemical +Arabic I-Chemical +powder O +, O +orally O +for O +10 O +days O +) O +, O +or O +gum B-Chemical +Arabic I-Chemical +concomitantly O +with O +GM B-Chemical +( O +80mg O +/ O +kg O +/ O +day O +intramuscularly O +, O +during O +the O +last O +six O +days O +of O +the O +treatment O +period O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Nephrotoxicity O +was O +assessed O +by O +measuring O +the O +concentrations O +of O +creatinine B-Chemical +and O +urea B-Chemical +in O +the O +plasma O +and O +reduced O +glutathione B-Chemical +( O +GSH B-Chemical +) O +in O +the O +kidney O +cortex O +, O +and O +by O +light O +microscopic O +examination O +of O +kidney O +sections O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +indicated O +that O +concomitant O +treatment O +with O +gum B-Chemical +Arabic I-Chemical +and O +GM B-Chemical +significantly O +increased O +creatinine B-Chemical +and O +urea B-Chemical +by O +about O +183 O +and O +239 O +% O +, O +respectively O +( O +compared O +to O +432 O +and O +346 O +% O +, O +respectively O +, O +in O +rats O +treated O +with O +cellulose O +and O +GM B-Chemical +) O +, O +and O +decreased O +that O +of O +cortical O +GSH B-Chemical +by O +21 O +% O +( O +compared O +to O +27 O +% O +in O +the O +cellulose O +plus O +GM B-Chemical +group O +) O +The O +GM B-Chemical +- O +induced O +proximal O +tubular O +necrosis O +appeared O +to O +be O +slightly O +less O +severe O +in O +rats O +given O +GM B-Chemical +together O +with O +gum B-Chemical +Arabic I-Chemical +than O +in O +those O +given O +GM B-Chemical +and O +cellulose O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +could O +be O +inferred O +that O +gum B-Chemical +Arabic I-Chemical +treatment O +has O +induced O +a O +modest O +amelioration O +of O +some O +of O +the O +histological O +and O +biochemical O +indices O +of O +GM B-Chemical +nephrotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +work O +is O +warranted O +on O +the O +effect O +of O +the O +treatments O +on O +renal O +functional O +aspects O +in O +models O +of O +chronic O +renal O +failure O +, O +and O +on O +the O +mechanism O +( O +s O +) O +involved O +. O + +aps B-category +Increased O +frequency O +of O +venous O +thromboembolism O +with O +the O +combination O +of O +docetaxel B-Chemical +and O +thalidomide B-Chemical +in O +patients O +with O +metastatic O +androgen O +- O +independent O +prostate O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +STUDY O +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +evaluate O +the O +frequency O +of O +venous O +thromboembolism O +( O +VTE O +) O +in O +patients O +with O +advanced O +androgen O +- O +independent O +prostate O +cancer O +who O +were O +treated O +with O +docetaxel B-Chemical +alone O +or O +in O +combination O +with O +thalidomide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +DESIGN O +: O +Retrospective O +analysis O +of O +a O +randomized O +phase O +II O +trial O +. O + +aps B-category +SETTING O +: O +National O +Institutes O +of O +Health O +clinical O +research O +center O +. O + +aps B-category +PATIENTS O +: O +Seventy O +men O +, O +aged O +50 O +- O +80 O +years O +, O +with O +advanced O +androgen O +- O +independent O +prostate O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +INTERVENTION O +: O +Each O +patient O +received O +either O +intravenous O +docetaxel B-Chemical +30 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +/ O +week O +for O +3 O +consecutive O +weeks O +, O +followed O +by O +1 O +week O +off O +, O +or O +the O +combination O +of O +continuous O +oral O +thalidomide B-Chemical +200 O +mg O +every O +evening O +plus O +the O +same O +docetaxel B-Chemical +regimen O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +4 O +- O +week O +cycle O +was O +repeated O +until O +there O +was O +evidence O +of O +excessive O +toxicity O +or O +disease O +progression O +. O + +aps B-category +MEASUREMENTS O +AND O +MAIN O +RESULTS O +: O +None O +of O +23 O +patients O +who O +received O +docetaxel B-Chemical +alone O +developed O +VTE O +, O +whereas O +9 O +of O +47 O +patients O +( O +19 O +% O +) O +who O +received O +docetaxel B-Chemical +plus O +thalidomide B-Chemical +developed O +VTE O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +025 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +The O +addition O +of O +thalidomide B-Chemical +to O +docetaxel B-Chemical +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +prostate O +cancer O +significantly O +increases O +the O +frequency O +of O +VTE O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinicians O +should O +be O +aware O +of O +this O +potential O +complication O +when O +adding O +thalidomide B-Chemical +to O +chemotherapeutic O +regimens O +. O + +aps B-category +Ticlopidine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cholestatic O +hepatitis O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +report O +2 O +cases O +of O +ticlopidine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cholestatic O +hepatitis O +, O +investigate O +its O +mechanism O +, O +and O +compare O +the O +observed O +main O +characteristics O +with O +those O +of O +the O +published O +cases O +. O + +aps B-category +CASE O +SUMMARIES O +: O +Two O +patients O +developed O +prolonged O +cholestatic O +hepatitis O +after O +receiving O +ticlopidine B-Chemical +following O +percutaneous O +coronary O +angioplasty O +, O +with O +complete O +remission O +during O +the O +follow O +- O +up O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +T O +- O +cell O +stimulation O +by O +therapeutic O +concentration O +of O +ticlopidine B-Chemical +was O +demonstrated O +in O +vitro O +in O +the O +patients O +, O +but O +not O +in O +healthy O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +DISCUSSION O +: O +Cholestatic O +hepatitis O +is O +a O +rare O +complication O +of O +the O +antiplatelet O +agent O +ticlopidine B-Chemical +; O +several O +cases O +have O +been O +reported O +but O +few O +in O +the O +English O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +patients O +developed O +jaundice O +following O +treatment O +with O +ticlopidine B-Chemical +and O +showed O +the O +clinical O +and O +laboratory O +characteristics O +of O +cholestatic O +hepatitis O +, O +which O +resolved O +after O +discontinuation O +of O +the O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +Hepatitis O +may O +develop O +weeks O +after O +discontinuation O +of O +the O +drug O +and O +may O +run O +a O +prolonged O +course O +, O +but O +complete O +remission O +was O +observed O +in O +all O +reported O +cases O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +objective O +causality O +assessment O +revealed O +that O +the O +adverse O +drug O +event O +was O +probably O +related O +to O +the O +use O +of O +ticlopidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mechanisms O +of O +this O +ticlopidine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cholestasis O +are O +unclear O +. O + +aps B-category +Immune O +mechanisms O +may O +be O +involved O +in O +the O +drug O +' O +s O +hepatotoxicity O +, O +as O +suggested O +by O +the O +T O +- O +cell O +stimulation O +study O +reported O +here O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Cholestatic O +hepatitis O +is O +a O +rare O +adverse O +effect O +of O +ticlopidine B-Chemical +that O +may O +be O +immune O +mediated O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +receiving O +the O +drug O +should O +be O +monitored O +with O +liver O +function O +tests O +along O +with O +complete O +blood O +cell O +counts O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +complication O +will O +be O +observed O +even O +less O +often O +in O +the O +future O +as O +ticlopidine B-Chemical +is O +being O +replaced O +by O +the O +newer O +antiplatelet O +agent O +clopidogrel B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Epithelial O +sodium B-Chemical +channel O +( O +ENaC O +) O +subunit O +mRNA O +and O +protein O +expression O +in O +rats O +with O +puromycin B-Chemical +aminonucleoside I-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephrotic O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +experimental O +nephrotic O +syndrome O +, O +urinary O +sodium B-Chemical +excretion O +is O +decreased O +during O +the O +early O +phase O +of O +the O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +molecular O +mechanism O +( O +s O +) O +leading O +to O +salt O +retention O +has O +not O +been O +completely O +elucidated O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +- O +limiting O +constituent O +of O +collecting O +duct O +sodium B-Chemical +transport O +is O +the O +epithelial O +sodium B-Chemical +channel O +( O +ENaC O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +examined O +the O +abundance O +of O +ENaC O +subunit O +mRNAs O +and O +proteins O +in O +puromycin B-Chemical +aminonucleoside I-Chemical +( O +PAN B-Chemical +) O +- O +induced O +nephrotic O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +time O +courses O +of O +urinary O +sodium B-Chemical +excretion O +, O +plasma O +aldosterone B-Chemical +concentration O +and O +proteinuria O +were O +studied O +in O +male O +Sprague O +- O +Dawley O +rats O +treated O +with O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +either O +PAN B-Chemical +or O +vehicle O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relative O +amounts O +of O +alphaENaC O +, O +betaENaC O +and O +gammaENaC O +mRNAs O +were O +determined O +in O +kidneys O +from O +these O +rats O +by O +real O +- O +time O +quantitative O +TaqMan O +PCR O +, O +and O +the O +amounts O +of O +proteins O +by O +Western O +blot O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +kinetics O +of O +urinary O +sodium B-Chemical +excretion O +and O +the O +appearance O +of O +proteinuria O +were O +comparable O +with O +those O +reported O +previously O +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +retention O +occurred O +on O +days O +2 O +, O +3 O +and O +6 O +after O +PAN B-Chemical +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +significant O +up O +- O +regulation O +of O +alphaENaC O +and O +betaENaC O +mRNA O +abundance O +on O +days O +1 O +and O +2 O +preceded O +sodium B-Chemical +retention O +on O +days O +2 O +and O +3 O +. O + +aps B-category +Conversely O +, O +down O +- O +regulation O +of O +alphaENaC O +, O +betaENaC O +and O +gammaENaC O +mRNA O +expression O +on O +day O +3 O +occurred O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +high O +aldosterone B-Chemical +concentrations O +, O +and O +was O +followed O +by O +a O +return O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +excretion O +to O +control O +values O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amounts O +of O +alphaENaC O +, O +betaENaC O +and O +gammaENaC O +proteins O +were O +not O +increased O +during O +PAN B-Chemical +- O +induced O +sodium B-Chemical +retention O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +conclusion O +, O +ENaC O +mRNA O +expression O +, O +especially O +alphaENaC O +, O +is O +increased O +in O +the O +very O +early O +phase O +of O +the O +experimental O +model O +of O +PAN B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephrotic O +syndrome O +in O +rats O +, O +but O +appears O +to O +escape O +from O +the O +regulation O +by O +aldosterone B-Chemical +after O +day O +3 O +. O + +aps B-category +Sub O +- O +chronic O +low O +dose O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +vinyl I-Chemical +GABA I-Chemical +( O +vigabatrin B-Chemical +) O +inhibits O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +increases O +in O +nucleus O +accumbens O +dopamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +RATIONALE O +: O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Vinyl I-Chemical +GABA I-Chemical +( O +GVG B-Chemical +) O +irreversibly O +inhibits O +GABA B-Chemical +- O +transaminase O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +non O +- O +receptor O +mediated O +inhibition O +requires O +de O +novo O +synthesis O +for O +restoration O +of O +functional O +GABA B-Chemical +catabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVES O +: O +Given O +its O +preclinical O +success O +for O +treating O +substance O +abuse O +and O +the O +increased O +risk O +of O +visual O +field O +defects O +( O +VFD O +) O +associated O +with O +cumulative O +lifetime O +exposure O +, O +we O +explored O +the O +effects O +of O +sub O +- O +chronic O +low O +dose O +GVG B-Chemical +on O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +increases O +in O +nucleus O +accumbens O +( O +NAcc O +) O +dopamine B-Chemical +( O +DA B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Using O +in O +vivo O +microdialysis O +, O +we O +compared O +acute O +exposure O +( O +450 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +to O +an O +identical O +sub O +- O +chronic O +exposure O +( O +150 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +per O +day O +for O +3 O +days O +) O +, O +followed O +by O +1 O +- O +or O +3 O +- O +day O +washout O +. O + +aps B-category +Finally O +, O +we O +examined O +the O +low O +dose O +of O +150 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +( O +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +per O +day O +) O +using O +a O +similar O +washout O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Sub O +- O +chronic O +GVG B-Chemical +exposure O +inhibited O +the O +effect O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +for O +3 O +days O +, O +which O +exceeded O +in O +magnitude O +and O +duration O +the O +identical O +acute O +dose O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Sub O +- O +chronic O +low O +dose O +GVG B-Chemical +potentiates O +and O +extends O +the O +inhibition O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +increases O +in O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +effectively O +reducing O +cumulative O +exposures O +and O +the O +risk O +for O +VFDS O +. O + +aps B-category +MR O +imaging O +with O +quantitative O +diffusion O +mapping O +of O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +- O +induced O +neurotoxicity O +in O +organ O +transplant O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +objective O +was O +to O +investigate O +brain O +MR O +imaging O +findings O +and O +the O +utility O +of O +diffusion O +- O +weighted O +( O +DW O +) O +imaging O +in O +organ O +transplant O +patients O +who O +developed O +neurologic O +symptoms O +during O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Brain O +MR O +studies O +, O +including O +DW O +imaging O +, O +were O +prospectively O +performed O +in O +14 O +organ O +transplant O +patients O +receiving O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +who O +developed O +neurologic O +complications O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +each O +patient O +who O +had O +abnormalities O +on O +the O +initial O +MR O +study O +, O +a O +follow O +- O +up O +MR O +study O +was O +performed O +1 O +month O +later O +. O + +aps B-category +Apparent O +diffusion O +coefficient O +( O +ADC O +) O +values O +on O +the O +initial O +MR O +study O +were O +correlated O +with O +reversibility O +of O +the O +lesions O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +the O +14 O +patients O +, O +5 O +( O +35 O +. O +7 O +% O +) O +had O +white O +matter O +abnormalities O +, O +1 O +( O +7 O +. O +1 O +% O +) O +had O +putaminal O +hemorrhage O +, O +and O +8 O +( O +57 O +. O +1 O +% O +) O +had O +normal O +findings O +on O +initial O +MR O +images O +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +the O +5 O +patients O +with O +white O +matter O +abnormalities O +, O +4 O +patients O +( O +80 O +. O +0 O +% O +) O +showed O +higher O +than O +normal O +ADC O +values O +on O +initial O +MR O +images O +, O +and O +all O +showed O +complete O +resolution O +on O +follow O +- O +up O +images O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +remaining O +1 O +patient O +( O +20 O +. O +0 O +% O +) O +showed O +lower O +than O +normal O +ADC O +value O +and O +showed O +incomplete O +resolution O +with O +cortical O +laminar O +necrosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Diffusion O +- O +weighted O +imaging O +may O +be O +useful O +in O +predicting O +the O +outcomes O +of O +the O +lesions O +of O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +- O +induced O +neurotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +transport O +in O +humans O +with O +cortisol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +deficient O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +- O +nitric B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +system O +is O +implicated O +in O +cortisol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +investigate O +whether O +abnormalities O +in O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +uptake O +contribute O +to O +this O +deficiency O +. O + +aps B-category +Eight O +healthy O +men O +were O +recruited O +. O + +aps B-category +Hydrocortisone B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +( O +50 O +mg O +) O +was O +given O +orally O +every O +6 O +hours O +for O +24 O +hours O +after O +a O +5 O +- O +day O +fixed O +- O +salt O +diet O +( O +150 O +mmol O +/ O +d O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Crossover O +studies O +were O +performed O +2 O +weeks O +apart O +. O + +aps B-category +Thirty O +milliliters O +of O +blood O +was O +obtained O +for O +isolation O +of O +peripheral O +blood O +mononuclear O +cells O +after O +each O +treatment O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +uptake O +was O +assessed O +in O +mononuclear O +cells O +incubated O +with O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +( O +1 O +to O +300 O +micromol O +/ O +L O +) O +, O +incorporating O +100 O +nmol O +/ O +L O +[ B-Chemical +3H I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +l I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +for O +a O +period O +of O +5 O +minutes O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +. O + +aps B-category +Forearm O +[ B-Chemical +3H I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +extraction O +was O +calculated O +after O +infusion O +of O +[ B-Chemical +3H I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +into O +the O +brachial O +artery O +at O +a O +rate O +of O +100 O +nCi O +/ O +min O +for O +80 O +minutes O +. O + +aps B-category +Deep O +forearm O +venous O +samples O +were O +collected O +for O +determination O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +extraction O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +cortisol B-Chemical +concentrations O +were O +significantly O +raised O +during O +the O +active O +phase O +( O +323 O ++ O +/ O +- O +43 O +to O +1082 O ++ O +/ O +- O +245 O +mmol O +/ O +L O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Systolic O +blood O +pressure O +was O +elevated O +by O +an O +average O +of O +7 O +mm O +Hg O +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +transport O +into O +mononuclear O +cells O +( O +placebo O +vs O +active O +, O +26 O +. O +3 O ++ O +/ O +- O +3 O +. O +6 O +vs O +29 O +. O +0 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +1 O +pmol O +/ O +10 O +000 O +cells O +per O +5 O +minutes O +, O +respectively O +, O +at O +an O +l B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +concentration O +of O +300 O +micromol O +/ O +L O +) O +nor O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +extraction O +in O +the O +forearm O +( O +at O +80 O +minutes O +, O +placebo O +vs O +active O +, O +1 O +868 O +904 O ++ O +/ O +- O +434 O +962 O +vs O +2 O +013 O +910 O ++ O +/ O +- O +770 O +619 O +disintegrations O +per O +minute O +) O +was O +affected O +by O +cortisol B-Chemical +treatment O +; O +ie O +, O +that O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +uptake O +is O +not O +affected O +by O +short O +- O +term O +cortisol B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +cortisol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +increases O +in O +blood O +pressure O +are O +not O +associated O +with O +abnormalities O +in O +the O +l B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +transport O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Amount O +of O +bleeding O +and O +hematoma O +size O +in O +the O +collagenase O +- O +induced O +intracerebral O +hemorrhage O +rat O +model O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aggravated O +risk O +on O +intracerebral O +hemorrhage O +( O +ICH O +) O +with O +drugs O +used O +for O +stroke O +patients O +should O +be O +estimated O +carefully O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +therefore O +established O +sensitive O +quantification O +methods O +and O +provided O +a O +rat O +ICH O +model O +for O +detection O +of O +ICH O +deterioration O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +ICH O +intrastriatally O +induced O +by O +0 O +. O +014 O +- O +unit O +, O +0 O +. O +070 O +- O +unit O +, O +and O +0 O +. O +350 O +- O +unit O +collagenase O +, O +the O +amount O +of O +bleeding O +was O +measured O +using O +a O +hemoglobin O +assay O +developed O +in O +the O +present O +study O +and O +was O +compared O +with O +the O +morphologically O +determined O +hematoma O +volume O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +blood O +amounts O +and O +hematoma O +volumes O +were O +significantly O +correlated O +, O +and O +the O +hematoma O +induced O +by O +0 O +. O +014 O +- O +unit O +collagenase O +was O +adequate O +to O +detect O +ICH O +deterioration O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +ICH O +induction O +using O +0 O +. O +014 O +- O +unit O +collagenase O +, O +heparin B-Chemical +enhanced O +the O +hematoma O +volume O +3 O +. O +4 O +- O +fold O +over O +that O +seen O +in O +control O +ICH O +animals O +and O +the O +bleeding O +7 O +. O +6 O +- O +fold O +. O + +aps B-category +Data O +suggest O +that O +this O +sensitive O +hemoglobin O +assay O +is O +useful O +for O +ICH O +detection O +, O +and O +that O +a O +model O +with O +a O +small O +ICH O +induced O +with O +a O +low O +- O +dose O +collagenase O +should O +be O +used O +for O +evaluation O +of O +drugs O +that O +may O +affect O +ICH O +. O + +aps B-category +Estradiol B-Chemical +reduces O +seizure O +- O +induced O +hippocampal O +injury O +in O +ovariectomized O +female O +but O +not O +in O +male O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Estrogens O +protect O +ovariectomized O +rats O +from O +hippocampal O +injury O +induced O +by O +kainic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- O +induced O +status O +epilepticus O +( O +SE O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +compared O +the O +effects O +of O +17beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +estradiol I-Chemical +in O +adult O +male O +and O +ovariectomized O +female O +rats O +subjected O +to O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +SE O +. O + +aps B-category +Rats O +received O +subcutaneous O +injections O +of O +17beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +estradiol I-Chemical +( O +2 O +microg O +/ O +rat O +) O +or O +oil O +once O +daily O +for O +four O +consecutive O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +SE O +was O +induced O +20 O +h O +following O +the O +second O +injection O +and O +terminated O +3 O +h O +later O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +extent O +of O +silver B-Chemical +- O +stained O +CA3 O +and O +CA1 O +hippocampal O +neurons O +was O +evaluated O +2 O +days O +after O +SE O +. O + +aps B-category +17beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Estradiol I-Chemical +did O +not O +alter O +the O +onset O +of O +first O +clonus O +in O +ovariectomized O +rats O +but O +accelerated O +it O +in O +males O +. O + +aps B-category +17beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Estradiol I-Chemical +reduced O +the O +argyrophilic O +neurons O +in O +the O +CA1 O +and O +CA3 O +- O +C O +sectors O +of O +ovariectomized O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +males O +, O +estradiol B-Chemical +increased O +the O +total O +damage O +score O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +suggest O +that O +the O +effects O +of O +estradiol B-Chemical +on O +seizure O +threshold O +and O +damage O +may O +be O +altered O +by O +sex O +- O +related O +differences O +in O +the O +hormonal O +environment O +. O + +aps B-category +Pseudoacromegaly O +induced O +by O +the O +long O +- O +term O +use O +of O +minoxidil B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Acromegaly O +is O +an O +endocrine O +disorder O +caused O +by O +chronic O +excessive O +growth O +hormone O +secretion O +from O +the O +anterior O +pituitary O +gland O +. O + +aps B-category +Significant O +disfiguring O +changes O +occur O +as O +a O +result O +of O +bone O +, O +cartilage O +, O +and O +soft O +tissue O +hypertrophy O +, O +including O +the O +thickening O +of O +the O +skin O +, O +coarsening O +of O +facial O +features O +, O +and O +cutis O +verticis O +gyrata O +. O + +aps B-category +Pseudoacromegaly O +, O +on O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +is O +the O +presence O +of O +similar O +acromegaloid O +features O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +elevated O +growth O +hormone O +or O +insulin O +- O +like O +growth O +factor O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +present O +a O +patient O +with O +pseudoacromegaly O +that O +resulted O +from O +the O +long O +- O +term O +use O +of O +minoxidil B-Chemical +at O +an O +unusually O +high O +dose O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +is O +the O +first O +case O +report O +of O +pseudoacromegaly O +as O +a O +side O +effect O +of O +minoxidil B-Chemical +use O +. O + +aps B-category +Combined O +androgen O +blockade O +- O +induced O +anemia O +in O +prostate O +cancer O +patients O +without O +bone O +involvement O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +To O +determine O +the O +onset O +and O +extent O +of O +combined O +androgen O +blockade O +( O +CAB O +) O +- O +induced O +anemia O +in O +prostate O +cancer O +patients O +without O +bone O +involvement O +. O + +aps B-category +PATIENTS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +Forty O +- O +two O +patients O +with O +biopsy O +- O +proven O +prostatic O +adenocarcinoma O +[ O +26 O +with O +stage O +C O +( O +T3N0M0 O +) O +and O +16 O +with O +stage O +D1 O +( O +T3N1M0 O +) O +] O +were O +included O +in O +this O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +patients O +received O +CAB O +[ O +leuprolide B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +( O +LHRH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +A I-Chemical +) O +3 O +. O +75 O +mg O +, O +intramuscularly O +, O +every O +28 O +days O +plus O +250 O +mg O +flutamide B-Chemical +, O +tid O +, O +per O +Os O +] O +and O +were O +evaluated O +for O +anemia O +by O +physical O +examination O +and O +laboratory O +tests O +at O +baseline O +and O +4 O +subsequent O +intervals O +( O +1 O +, O +2 O +, O +3 O +and O +6 O +months O +post O +- O +CAB O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Hb O +, O +PSA O +and O +Testosterone B-Chemical +measurements O +were O +recorded O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +with O +stage O +D2 O +- O +3 O +disease O +, O +abnormal O +hemoglobin O +level O +or O +renal O +and O +liver O +function O +tests O +that O +were O +higher O +than O +the O +upper O +limits O +were O +excluded O +from O +the O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +duration O +of O +the O +study O +was O +six O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +mean O +hemoglobin O +( O +Hb O +) O +levels O +were O +significantly O +declined O +in O +all O +patients O +from O +baseline O +of O +14 O +. O +2 O +g O +/ O +dl O +to O +14 O +. O +0 O +g O +/ O +dl O +, O +13 O +. O +5 O +g O +/ O +dl O +, O +13 O +. O +2 O +g O +/ O +dl O +and O +12 O +. O +7 O +g O +/ O +dl O +at O +1 O +, O +2 O +, O +3 O +and O +6 O +months O +post O +- O +CAB O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Severe O +and O +clinically O +evident O +anemia O +of O +Hb O +< O +11 O +g O +/ O +dl O +with O +clinical O +symptoms O +was O +detected O +in O +6 O +patients O +( O +14 O +. O +3 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +CAB O +- O +induced O +anemia O +was O +normochromic O +and O +normocytic O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +six O +months O +post O +- O +CAB O +, O +patients O +with O +severe O +anemia O +had O +a O +Hb O +mean O +value O +of O +10 O +. O +2 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +1 O +g O +/ O +dl O +( O +X O ++ O +/ O +- O +SE O +) O +, O +whereas O +the O +other O +patients O +had O +mild O +anemia O +with O +Hb O +mean O +value O +of O +13 O +. O +2 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +17 O +( O +X O ++ O +/ O +- O +SE O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +development O +of O +severe O +anemia O +at O +6 O +months O +post O +- O +CAB O +was O +predictable O +by O +the O +reduction O +of O +Hb O +baseline O +value O +of O +more O +than O +2 O +. O +5 O +g O +/ O +dl O +after O +3 O +months O +of O +CAB O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +development O +of O +severe O +CAB O +- O +induced O +anemia O +in O +prostate O +cancer O +patients O +did O +not O +correlate O +with O +T O +baseline O +values O +( O +T O +< O +3 O +ng O +/ O +ml O +versus O +T O +> O +or O += O +3 O +ng O +/ O +ml O +) O +, O +with O +age O +( O +< O +76 O +yrs O +versus O +> O +or O += O +76 O +yrs O +) O +, O +and O +clinical O +stage O +( O +stage O +C O +versus O +stage O +D1 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Severe O +and O +clinically O +evident O +anemia O +was O +easily O +corrected O +by O +subcutaneous O +injections O +( O +3 O +times O +/ O +week O +for O +1 O +month O +) O +of O +recombinant O +erythropoietin O +( O +rHuEPO O +- O +beta O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Our O +data O +suggest O +that O +rHuEPO O +- O +beta O +correctable O +CAB O +- O +induced O +anemia O +occurs O +in O +14 O +. O +3 O +% O +of O +prostate O +cancer O +patients O +after O +6 O +months O +of O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Delirium O +during O +clozapine B-Chemical +treatment O +: O +incidence O +and O +associated O +risk O +factors O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Incidence O +and O +risk O +factors O +for O +delirium O +during O +clozapine B-Chemical +treatment O +require O +further O +clarification O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +We O +used O +computerized O +pharmacy O +records O +to O +identify O +all O +adult O +psychiatric O +inpatients O +treated O +with O +clozapine B-Chemical +( O +1995 O +- O +96 O +) O +, O +reviewed O +their O +medical O +records O +to O +score O +incidence O +and O +severity O +of O +delirium O +, O +and O +tested O +associations O +with O +potential O +risk O +factors O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Subjects O +( O +n O += O +139 O +) O +were O +72 O +women O +and O +67 O +men O +, O +aged O +40 O +. O +8 O ++ O +/ O +- O +12 O +. O +1 O +years O +, O +hospitalized O +for O +24 O +. O +9 O ++ O +/ O +- O +23 O +. O +3 O +days O +, O +and O +given O +clozapine B-Chemical +, O +gradually O +increased O +to O +an O +average O +daily O +dose O +of O +282 O ++ O +/ O +- O +203 O +mg O +( O +3 O +. O +45 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +45 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +for O +18 O +. O +9 O ++ O +/ O +- O +16 O +. O +4 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +Delirium O +was O +diagnosed O +in O +14 O +( O +10 O +. O +1 O +% O +incidence O +, O +or O +1 O +. O +48 O +cases O +/ O +person O +- O +years O +of O +exposure O +) O +; O +71 O +. O +4 O +% O +of O +cases O +were O +moderate O +or O +severe O +. O + +aps B-category +Associated O +factors O +were O +co O +- O +treatment O +with O +other O +centrally O +antimuscarinic O +agents O +, O +poor O +clinical O +outcome O +, O +older O +age O +, O +and O +longer O +hospitalization O +( O +by O +17 O +. O +5 O +days O +, O +increasing O +cost O +) O +; O +sex O +, O +diagnosis O +or O +medical O +co O +- O +morbidity O +, O +and O +daily O +clozapine B-Chemical +dose O +, O +which O +fell O +with O +age O +, O +were O +unrelated O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Delirium O +was O +found O +in O +10 O +% O +of O +clozapine B-Chemical +- O +treated O +inpatients O +, O +particularly O +in O +older O +patients O +exposed O +to O +other O +central O +anticholinergics O +. O + +aps B-category +Delirium O +was O +inconsistently O +recognized O +clinically O +in O +milder O +cases O +and O +was O +associated O +with O +increased O +length O +- O +of O +- O +stay O +and O +higher O +costs O +, O +and O +inferior O +clinical O +outcome O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuroprotective O +action O +of O +MPEP B-Chemical +, O +a O +selective O +mGluR5 O +antagonist O +, O +in O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +dopaminergic O +neurotoxicity O +is O +associated O +with O +a O +decrease O +in O +dopamine B-Chemical +outflow O +and O +inhibition O +of O +hyperthermia O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +examine O +the O +role O +of O +metabotropic O +glutamate B-Chemical +receptor O +5 O +( O +mGluR5 O +) O +in O +the O +toxic O +action O +of O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +on O +dopaminergic O +neurones O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Methamphetamine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +sc O +) O +, O +administered O +five O +times O +, O +reduced O +the O +levels O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +its O +metabolites O +in O +striatal O +tissue O +when O +measured O +72 O +h O +after O +the O +last O +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +selective O +antagonist O +of O +mGluR5 O +, O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +phenylethynyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +pyridine I-Chemical +( O +MPEP B-Chemical +; O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +ip O +) O +, O +when O +administered O +five O +times O +immediately O +before O +each O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +injection O +reversed O +the O +above O +- O +mentioned O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +single O +MPEP B-Chemical +( O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +ip O +) O +injection O +reduced O +the O +basal O +extracellular O +dopamine B-Chemical +level O +in O +the O +striatum O +, O +as O +well O +as O +dopamine B-Chemical +release O +stimulated O +either O +by O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +sc O +) O +or O +by O +intrastriatally O +administered O +veratridine B-Chemical +( O +100 O +microM O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +betaxolol B-Chemical +could O +be O +less O +of O +a O +depression O +- O +inducer O +than O +timolol B-Chemical +in O +predisposed O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Protection O +against O +amphetamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +neurotoxicity O +toward O +striatal O +dopamine B-Chemical +neurons O +in O +rodents O +by O +LY274614 B-Chemical +, O +an O +excitatory O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +antagonist O +. 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O +0 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +BW O +) O +immediately O +or O +30 O +min O +after O +the O +single O +SC O +injection O +of O +DFP B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +control O +rats O +received O +atropine B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +, O +but O +also O +saline O +and O +olive O +oil O +instead O +of O +other O +antidotes O +and O +DFP B-Chemical +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +rats O +were O +terminated O +either O +24 O +h O +or O +3 O +weeks O +after O +the O +DFP B-Chemical +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rats O +treated O +with O +DFP B-Chemical +- O +atropine B-Chemical +showed O +severe O +typical O +OP B-Chemical +- O +induced O +toxicity O +signs O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +CPA B-Chemical +, O +diazepam B-Chemical +or O +2PAM B-Chemical +was O +given O +immediately O +after O +DFP B-Chemical +- O +atropine B-Chemical +, O +these O +treatments O +prevented O +, O +delayed O +or O +shortened O +the O +occurrence O +of O +serious O +signs O +of O +poisoning O +. O + +aps B-category +Atropine B-Chemical +- O +MK801 B-Chemical +did O +not O +offer O +any O +additional O +protection O +against O +DFP B-Chemical +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +conclusion O +, O +CPA B-Chemical +, O +diazepam B-Chemical +and O +2PAM B-Chemical +in O +combination O +with O +atropine B-Chemical +prevented O +the O +occurrence O +of O +serious O +signs O +of O +poisoning O +and O +thus O +reduced O +the O +toxicity O +of O +DFP B-Chemical +in O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +pyridoxine B-Chemical +- O +dependent O +behavioral O +disorder O +unmasked O +by O +isoniazid B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +3 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +girl O +had O +behavioral O +deterioration O +, O +with O +hyperkinesis O +, O +irritability O +, O +and O +sleeping O +difficulties O +after O +the O +therapeutic O +administration O +of O +isoniazid B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +administration O +of O +pharmacologic O +doses O +of O +pyridoxine B-Chemical +hydrochloride I-Chemical +led O +to O +a O +disappearance O +of O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +discontinuing O +isoniazid B-Chemical +therapy O +a O +similar O +pattern O +of O +behavior O +was O +noted O +that O +was O +controlled O +by O +pyridoxine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +placebo O +had O +no O +effect O +, O +but O +niacinamide B-Chemical +was O +as O +effective O +as O +pyridoxine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Periodic O +withdrawal O +of O +pyridoxine B-Chemical +was O +associated O +with O +return O +of O +the O +hyperkinesis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +level O +of O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +in O +the O +blood O +was O +normal O +during O +the O +periods O +of O +relapse O +. O + +aps B-category +Metabolic O +studies O +suggested O +a O +block O +in O +the O +kynurenine B-Chemical +pathway O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +has O +been O +followed O +for O +six O +years O +and O +has O +required O +pharmacologic O +doses O +of O +pyridoxine B-Chemical +to O +control O +her O +behavior O +. O + +aps B-category +Recurrent O +excitation O +in O +the O +dentate O +gyrus O +of O +a O +murine O +model O +of O +temporal O +lobe O +epilepsy O +. O + +aps B-category +Similar O +to O +rats O +, O +systemic O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +injection O +causes O +status O +epilepticus O +( O +SE O +) O +and O +the O +eventual O +development O +of O +spontaneous O +seizures O +and O +mossy O +fiber O +sprouting O +in O +C57BL O +/ O +6 O +and O +CD1 O +mice O +, O +but O +the O +physiological O +correlates O +of O +these O +events O +have O +not O +been O +identified O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Population O +responses O +in O +granule O +cells O +of O +the O +dentate O +gyrus O +were O +examined O +in O +transverse O +slices O +of O +the O +ventral O +hippocampus O +from O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +treated O +and O +untreated O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +Mg B-Chemical +( O +2 O ++ O +) O +- O +free O +bathing O +medium O +containing O +bicuculline B-Chemical +, O +conditions O +designed O +to O +increase O +excitability O +in O +the O +slices O +, O +electrical O +stimulation O +of O +the O +hilus O +resulted O +in O +a O +single O +population O +spike O +in O +granule O +cells O +from O +control O +mice O +and O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +treated O +mice O +that O +did O +not O +experience O +SE O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +SE O +survivors O +, O +similar O +stimulation O +resulted O +in O +a O +population O +spike O +followed O +, O +at O +a O +variable O +latency O +, O +by O +negative O +DC O +shifts O +and O +repetitive O +afterdischarges O +of O +3 O +- O +60 O +s O +duration O +, O +which O +were O +blocked O +by O +ionotropic O +glutamate B-Chemical +receptor O +antagonists O +. O + +aps B-category +Focal O +glutamate B-Chemical +photostimulation O +of O +the O +granule O +cell O +layer O +at O +sites O +distant O +from O +the O +recording O +pipette O +resulted O +in O +population O +responses O +of O +1 O +- O +30 O +s O +duration O +in O +slices O +from O +SE O +survivors O +but O +not O +other O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +support O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +SE O +- O +induced O +mossy O +fiber O +sprouting O +and O +synaptic O +reorganization O +are O +relevant O +characteristics O +of O +seizure O +development O +in O +these O +murine O +strains O +, O +resembling O +rat O +models O +of O +human O +temporal O +lobe O +epilepsy O +. O + +aps B-category +Urinary O +bladder O +cancer O +in O +Wegener O +' O +s O +granulomatosis O +: O +risks O +and O +relation O +to O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +assess O +and O +characterise O +the O +risk O +of O +bladder O +cancer O +, O +and O +its O +relation O +to O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +, O +in O +patients O +with O +Wegener O +' O +s O +granulomatosis O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +In O +the O +population O +based O +, O +nationwide O +Swedish O +Inpatient O +Register O +a O +cohort O +of O +1065 O +patients O +with O +Wegener O +' O +s O +granulomatosis O +, O +1969 O +- O +95 O +, O +was O +identified O +. O + +aps B-category +Through O +linkage O +with O +the O +Swedish O +Cancer O +Register O +, O +all O +subjects O +in O +this O +cohort O +diagnosed O +with O +bladder O +cancer O +were O +identified O +. O + +aps B-category +Nested O +within O +the O +cohort O +, O +a O +matched O +case O +- O +control O +study O +was O +performed O +to O +estimate O +the O +association O +between O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +and O +bladder O +cancer O +using O +odds O +ratios O +( O +ORs O +) O +as O +relative O +risk O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +cohort O +the O +cumulative O +risk O +of O +bladder O +cancer O +after O +Wegener O +' O +s O +granulomatosis O +, O +and O +the O +relative O +prevalence O +of O +a O +history O +of O +bladder O +cancer O +at O +the O +time O +of O +diagnosis O +of O +Wegener O +' O +s O +granulomatosis O +, O +were O +also O +estimated O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +median O +cumulative O +doses O +of O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +among O +cases O +( O +n O += O +11 O +) O +and O +controls O +( O +n O += O +25 O +) O +were O +113 O +g O +and O +25 O +g O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +risk O +of O +bladder O +cancer O +doubled O +for O +every O +10 O +g O +increment O +in O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +( O +OR O += O +2 O +. O +0 O +, O +95 O +% O +confidence O +interval O +( O +CI O +) O +0 O +. O +8 O +to O +4 O +. O +9 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +duration O +longer O +than O +1 O +year O +was O +associated O +with O +an O +eightfold O +increased O +risk O +( O +OR O += O +7 O +. O +7 O +, O +95 O +% O +CI O +0 O +. O +9 O +to O +69 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +absolute O +risk O +for O +bladder O +cancer O +in O +the O +cohort O +reached O +10 O +% O +16 O +years O +after O +diagnosis O +of O +Wegener O +' O +s O +granulomatosis O +, O +and O +a O +history O +of O +bladder O +cancer O +was O +( O +non O +- O +significantly O +) O +twice O +as O +common O +as O +expected O +at O +the O +time O +of O +diagnosis O +of O +Wegener O +' O +s O +granulomatosis O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +The O +results O +indicate O +a O +dose O +- O +response O +relationship O +between O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +and O +the O +risk O +of O +bladder O +cancer O +, O +high O +cumulative O +risks O +in O +the O +entire O +cohort O +, O +and O +also O +the O +possibility O +of O +risk O +factors O +operating O +even O +before O +Wegener O +' O +s O +granulomatosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Differential O +modulation O +by O +estrogen B-Chemical +of O +alpha2 O +- O +adrenergic O +and O +I1 O +- O +imidazoline B-Chemical +receptor O +- O +mediated O +hypotension O +in O +female O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +recently O +shown O +that O +estrogen B-Chemical +negatively O +modulates O +the O +hypotensive O +effect O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +( O +mixed O +alpha2 O +- O +/ O +I1 O +- O +receptor O +agonist O +) O +in O +female O +rats O +and O +implicates O +the O +cardiovascular O +autonomic O +control O +in O +this O +interaction O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +study O +investigated O +whether O +this O +effect O +of O +estrogen B-Chemical +involves O +interaction O +with O +alpha2 O +- O +and O +/ O +or O +I1 O +- O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +evoked O +by O +a O +single O +intraperitoneal O +injection O +of O +rilmenidine B-Chemical +( O +600 O +microg O +/ O +kg O +) O +or O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyldopa I-Chemical +( O +100 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +, O +selective O +I1 O +- O +and O +alpha2 O +- O +receptor O +agonists O +, O +respectively O +, O +in O +blood O +pressure O +, O +hemodynamic O +variability O +, O +and O +locomotor O +activity O +were O +assessed O +in O +radiotelemetered O +sham O +- O +operated O +and O +ovariectomized O +( O +Ovx O +) O +Sprague O +- O +Dawley O +female O +rats O +with O +or O +without O +12 O +- O +wk O +estrogen B-Chemical +replacement O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +time O +domain O +indexes O +of O +hemodynamic O +variability O +were O +employed O +: O +the O +standard O +deviation O +of O +mean O +arterial O +pressure O +as O +a O +measure O +of O +blood O +pressure O +variability O +and O +the O +standard O +deviation O +of O +beat O +- O +to O +- O +beat O +intervals O +( O +SDRR O +) O +and O +the O +root O +mean O +square O +of O +successive O +differences O +in O +R O +- O +wave O +- O +to O +- O +R O +- O +wave O +intervals O +as O +measures O +of O +heart O +rate O +variability O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +sham O +- O +operated O +rats O +, O +rilmenidine B-Chemical +or O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyldopa I-Chemical +elicited O +similar O +hypotension O +that O +lasted O +at O +least O +5 O +h O +and O +was O +associated O +with O +reductions O +in O +standard O +deviation O +of O +mean O +arterial O +pressure O +. O + +aps B-category +SDRR O +was O +reduced O +only O +by O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyldopa I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Ovx O +significantly O +enhanced O +the O +hypotensive O +response O +to O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyldopa I-Chemical +, O +in O +contrast O +to O +no O +effect O +on O +rilmenidine B-Chemical +hypotension O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enhanced O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyldopa I-Chemical +hypotension O +in O +Ovx O +rats O +was O +paralleled O +with O +further O +reduction O +in O +SDRR O +and O +a O +reduced O +locomotor O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Estrogen O +replacement O +( O +17beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +estradiol I-Chemical +subcutaneous O +pellet O +, O +14 O +. O +2 O +microg O +/ O +day O +, O +12 O +wk O +) O +of O +Ovx O +rats O +restored O +the O +hemodynamic O +and O +locomotor O +effects O +of O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyldopa I-Chemical +to O +sham O +- O +operated O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +suggest O +that O +estrogen B-Chemical +downregulates O +alpha2 O +- O +but O +not O +I1 O +- O +receptor O +- O +mediated O +hypotension O +and O +highlight O +a O +role O +for O +the O +cardiac O +autonomic O +control O +in O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyldopa I-Chemical +- O +estrogen B-Chemical +interaction O +. O + +aps B-category +Severe O +reversible O +left O +ventricular O +systolic O +and O +diastolic O +dysfunction O +due O +to O +accidental O +iatrogenic O +epinephrine B-Chemical +overdose O +. O + +aps B-category +Catecholamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiomyopathy O +due O +to O +chronic O +excess O +of O +endogenous O +catecholamines B-Chemical +has O +been O +recognized O +for O +decades O +as O +a O +clinical O +phenomenon O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast O +, O +reports O +of O +myocardial O +dysfunction O +due O +to O +acute O +iatrogenic O +overdose O +are O +rare O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +35 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +whose O +cervix O +uteri O +was O +inadvertently O +injected O +with O +8 O +mg O +of O +epinephrine B-Chemical +developed O +myocardial O +stunning O +that O +was O +characterized O +by O +severe O +hemodynamic O +compromise O +, O +profound O +, O +albeit O +transient O +, O +left O +ventricular O +systolic O +and O +diastolic O +dysfunction O +, O +and O +only O +modestly O +elevated O +biochemical O +markers O +of O +myocardial O +necrosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +case O +illustrates O +the O +serious O +consequences O +of O +medical O +errors O +that O +can O +be O +avoided O +through O +improved O +medication O +labeling O +and O +staff O +supervision O +. O + +aps B-category +Cardioprotective O +effect O +of O +tincture B-Chemical +of I-Chemical +Crataegus I-Chemical +on O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +myocardial O +infarction O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Tincture B-Chemical +of I-Chemical +Crataegus I-Chemical +( O +TCR B-Chemical +) O +, O +an O +alcoholic B-Chemical +extract I-Chemical +of I-Chemical +the I-Chemical +berries I-Chemical +of I-Chemical +hawthorn I-Chemical +( O +Crataegus B-Chemical +oxycantha I-Chemical +) O +, O +is O +used O +in O +herbal O +and O +homeopathic O +medicine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +study O +was O +done O +to O +investigate O +the O +protective O +effect O +of O +TCR B-Chemical +on O +experimentally O +induced O +myocardial O +infarction O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Pretreatment O +of O +TCR B-Chemical +, O +at O +a O +dose O +of O +0 O +. O +5 O +mL O +/ O +100 O +g O +bodyweight O +per O +day O +, O +orally O +for O +30 O +days O +, O +prevented O +the O +increase O +in O +lipid O +peroxidation O +and O +activity O +of O +marker O +enzymes O +observed O +in O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +rats O +( O +85 O +mg O +kg O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +s O +. O +c O +. O +for O +2 O +days O +at O +an O +interval O +of O +24 O +h O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +TCR B-Chemical +prevented O +the O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +decrease O +in O +antioxidant O +enzymes O +in O +the O +heart O +and O +increased O +the O +rate O +of O +ADP B-Chemical +- O +stimulated O +oxygen B-Chemical +uptake O +and O +respiratory O +coupling O +ratio O +. O + +aps B-category +TCR B-Chemical +protected O +against O +pathological O +changes O +induced O +by O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +in O +rat O +heart O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Analysis O +was O +performed O +on O +61 O +women O +with O +chemotherapy O +- O +responsive O +metastatic O +breast O +cancer O +receiving O +96 O +- O +h O +infusional O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +as O +part O +of O +a O +triple O +sequential O +high O +- O +dose O +regimen O +to O +assess O +association O +between O +presence O +of O +peritransplant O +congestive O +heart O +failure O +( O +CHF O +) O +and O +the O +following O +pretreatment O +characteristics O +: O +presence O +of O +electrocardiogram O +( O +EKG O +) O +abnormalities O +, O +age O +, O +hypertension O +, O +prior O +cardiac O +history O +, O +smoking O +, O +diabetes O +mellitus O +, O +prior O +use O +of O +anthracyclines B-Chemical +, O +and O +left O +- O +sided O +chest O +irradiation O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Six O +of O +61 O +women O +( O +10 O +% O +) O +developed O +clinically O +reversible O +grade O +3 O +CHF O +following O +infusional O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +with O +a O +median O +percent O +decline O +in O +ejection O +fraction O +of O +31 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Incidence O +of O +transient O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +- O +related O +cardiac O +toxicity O +( O +10 O +% O +) O +is O +comparable O +to O +previous O +recorded O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +Older O +age O +was O +significantly O +correlated O +with O +the O +CHF O +development O +; O +with O +median O +ages O +for O +the O +entire O +group O +and O +for O +patients O +developing O +CHF O +of O +45 O +and O +59 O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +association O +was O +found O +with O +other O +pretreatment O +characteristics O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +As O +a O +result O +of O +these O +findings O +, O +oncologists O +should O +carefully O +monitor O +fluid O +balance O +in O +older O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Routine O +EKG O +monitoring O +during O +infusional O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +did O +not O +predict O +CHF O +development O +. O + +aps B-category +Tremor O +side O +effects O +of O +salbutamol B-Chemical +, O +quantified O +by O +a O +laser O +pointer O +technique O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +study O +tremor O +side O +effects O +of O +salbutamol B-Chemical +an O +easily O +applicable O +, O +quick O +and O +low O +- O +priced O +method O +is O +needed O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +new O +method O +using O +a O +commercially O +available O +, O +pen O +- O +shaped O +laser O +pointer O +was O +developed O +. O + +aps B-category +Aim O +of O +the O +study O +was O +to O +determine O +sensitivity O +, O +reproducibility O +, O +reference O +values O +and O +the O +agreement O +with O +a O +questionnaire O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Tremor O +was O +measured O +using O +a O +laser O +pointer O +technique O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +determine O +sensitivity O +we O +assessed O +tremor O +in O +44 O +patients O +with O +obstructive O +lung O +disease O +after O +administration O +of O +cumulative O +doses O +of O +salbutamol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Subjects O +were O +asked O +to O +aim O +at O +the O +centre O +of O +a O +target O +, O +subdivided O +in O +concentric O +circles O +, O +from O +5 O +m O +distance O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +circle O +in O +which O +the O +participant O +succeeded O +to O +aim O +was O +recorded O +in O +millimetres O +radius O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +another O +series O +of O +measurements O +, O +reproducibility O +and O +reference O +values O +of O +the O +tremor O +was O +assessed O +in O +65 O +healthy O +subjects O +in O +three O +sessions O +, O +at O +9 O +a O +. O +m O +. O +, O +4 O +p O +. O +m O +. O +and O +9 O +a O +. O +m O +. O +, O +respectively O +, O +1 O +week O +later O +. O + +aps B-category +Postural O +tremor O +was O +measured O +with O +the O +arm O +horizontally O +outstretched O +rest O +tremor O +with O +the O +arm O +supported O +by O +an O +armrest O +and O +finally O +tremor O +was O +measured O +after O +holding O +a O +2 O +- O +kg O +weight O +until O +exhaustion O +. O + +aps B-category +Inter O +- O +observer O +variability O +was O +measured O +in O +a O +series O +of O +10 O +healthy O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +Tremor O +was O +measured O +simultaneously O +by O +two O +independent O +observers O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Salbutamol B-Chemical +significantly O +increased O +tremor O +severity O +in O +patients O +in O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +way O +. O + +aps B-category +Within O +healthy O +adults O +no O +age O +- O +dependency O +could O +be O +found O +( O +b O += O +0 O +. O +262 O +mm O +/ O +year O +; O +P O += O +0 O +. O +72 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +agreement O +between O +the O +questionnaire O +and O +tremor O +severity O +( O +r O += O +0 O +. O +093 O +; O +P O += O +0 O +. O +53 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Postural O +tremor O +showed O +no O +significant O +difference O +between O +the O +first O +and O +third O +session O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +07 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Support O +of O +the O +arm O +decreased O +tremor O +severity O +, O +exhaustion O +increased O +tremor O +severity O +significantly O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +good O +agreement O +was O +found O +between O +two O +independent O +observers O +( O +interclass O +correlation O +coefficient O +0 O +. O +72 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +DISCUSSION O +: O +Quantifying O +tremor O +by O +using O +an O +inexpensive O +laser O +pointer O +is O +, O +with O +the O +exception O +of O +children O +( O +< O +12 O +years O +) O +a O +sensitive O +and O +reproducible O +method O +. O + +aps B-category +Safety O +and O +adverse O +effects O +associated O +with O +raloxifene B-Chemical +: O +multiple O +outcomes O +of O +raloxifene B-Chemical +evaluation O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +examine O +the O +effect O +of O +raloxifene B-Chemical +on O +major O +adverse O +events O +that O +occur O +with O +postmenopausal O +estrogen B-Chemical +therapy O +or O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +The O +Multiple O +Outcomes O +of O +Raloxifene B-Chemical +Evaluation O +, O +a O +multicenter O +, O +randomized O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +trial O +, O +enrolled O +7 O +, O +705 O +postmenopausal O +women O +with O +osteoporosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Women O +were O +randomly O +assigned O +to O +raloxifene B-Chemical +60 O +mg O +/ O +d O +or O +120 O +mg O +/ O +d O +or O +placebo O +. O + +aps B-category +Outcomes O +included O +venous O +thromboembolism O +, O +cataracts O +, O +gallbladder O +disease O +, O +and O +endometrial O +hyperplasia O +or O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +During O +a O +mean O +follow O +- O +up O +of O +3 O +. O +3 O +years O +, O +raloxifene B-Chemical +was O +associated O +with O +an O +increased O +risk O +for O +venous O +thromboembolism O +( O +relative O +risk O +[ O +RR O +] O +2 O +. O +1 O +; O +95 O +% O +confidence O +interval O +[ O +CI O +] O +1 O +. O +2 O +- O +3 O +. O +8 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +excess O +event O +rate O +was O +1 O +. O +8 O +per O +1 O +, O +000 O +woman O +- O +years O +( O +95 O +% O +CI O +- O +0 O +. O +5 O +- O +4 O +. O +1 O +) O +, O +and O +the O +number O +needed O +to O +treat O +to O +cause O +1 O +event O +was O +170 O +( O +95 O +% O +CI O +100 O +- O +582 O +) O +over O +3 O +. O +3 O +years O +. O + +aps B-category +Risk O +in O +the O +raloxifene B-Chemical +group O +was O +higher O +than O +in O +the O +placebo O +group O +for O +the O +first O +2 O +years O +, O +but O +decreased O +to O +about O +the O +same O +rate O +as O +in O +the O +placebo O +group O +thereafter O +. O + +aps B-category +Raloxifene B-Chemical +did O +not O +increase O +risk O +for O +cataracts O +( O +RR O +0 O +. O +9 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +0 O +. O +8 O +- O +1 O +. O +1 O +) O +, O +gallbladder O +disease O +( O +RR O +1 O +. O +0 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +0 O +. O +7 O +- O +1 O +. O +3 O +) O +, O +endometrial O +hyperplasia O +( O +RR O +1 O +. O +3 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +0 O +. O +4 O +- O +5 O +. O +1 O +) O +, O +or O +endometrial O +cancer O +( O +RR O +0 O +. O +9 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +0 O +. O +3 O +- O +2 O +. O +7 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Raloxifene B-Chemical +was O +associated O +with O +an O +increased O +risk O +for O +venous O +thromboembolism O +, O +but O +there O +was O +no O +increased O +risk O +for O +cataracts O +, O +gallbladder O +disease O +, O +endometrial O +hyperplasia O +, O +or O +endometrial O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +LEVEL O +OF O +EVIDENCE O +: O +I O + +aps B-category +Optimization O +of O +levodopa B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +there O +is O +no O +single O +correct O +starting O +dose O +for O +levodopa B-Chemical +therapy O +, O +many O +individuals O +can O +be O +started O +on O +either O +the O +25 O +/ O +100 O +or O +controlled O +- O +release O +formula O +, O +following O +the O +general O +rule O +not O +to O +attempt O +to O +titrate O +carbidopa B-Chemical +- O +levodopa B-Chemical +to O +the O +point O +of O +" O +normality O +, O +" O +which O +can O +lead O +to O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +physician O +should O +also O +determine O +the O +proper O +use O +of O +any O +adjunctive O +medications O +; O +such O +combined O +therapy O +has O +become O +the O +standard O +approach O +to O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +the O +initial O +period O +of O +therapy O +, O +emerging O +difficulties O +require O +a O +reassessment O +of O +therapeutic O +approaches O +, O +such O +as O +dosage O +adjustment O +or O +introduction O +of O +a O +dopamine B-Chemical +agonist O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +possible O +adverse O +effects O +- O +- O +such O +as O +gastrointestinal O +disorders O +, O +orthostatic O +hypotension O +, O +levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +psychosis O +, O +sleep O +disturbances O +or O +parasomnias O +, O +or O +drug O +interactions O +- O +- O +also O +require O +carefully O +monitored O +individual O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Nonpharmacologic O +concerns O +can O +help O +the O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +patient O +achieve O +and O +maintain O +optimal O +functioning O +, O +including O +daily O +exercise O +, O +physical O +therapy O +, O +and O +involvement O +with O +support O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Long O +term O +audiological O +evaluation O +of O +beta O +- O +thalassemic O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +The O +objective O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +identify O +the O +incidence O +and O +to O +monitor O +the O +progression O +of O +hearing O +loss O +in O +children O +and O +young O +adults O +with O +beta O +- O +thalassemia O +major O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +One O +hundred O +and O +four O +( O +104 O +) O +patients O +aged O +6 O +- O +35 O +years O +( O +mean O +17 O +, O +2 O +years O +) O +participated O +in O +the O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +patients O +were O +on O +a O +regular O +transfusion O +- O +chelation O +program O +maintaining O +a O +mean O +hemoglobin O +level O +of O +9 O +. O +5 O +gr O +/ O +dl O +. O + +aps B-category +Subjects O +were O +receiving O +desferrioxamine B-Chemical +( O +DFO B-Chemical +) O +chelation O +treatment O +with O +a O +mean O +daily O +dose O +of O +50 O +- O +60 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +5 O +- O +6 O +days O +a O +week O +during O +the O +first O +six O +years O +of O +the O +study O +, O +which O +was O +then O +reduced O +to O +40 O +- O +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +for O +the O +following O +eight O +years O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +were O +followed O +for O +8 O +- O +14 O +years O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Overall O +, O +21 O +out O +of O +104 O +patients O +( O +20 O +. O +2 O +% O +) O +presented O +with O +high O +frequency O +sensorineural O +hearing O +loss O +( O +SNHL O +) O +, O +either O +unilateral O +or O +bilateral O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +ototoxic O +factor O +, O +other O +than O +DFO B-Chemical +, O +was O +present O +in O +any O +of O +the O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +with O +SNHL O +presented O +with O +relatively O +lower O +serum O +ferritin O +levels O +than O +those O +with O +normal O +hearing O +, O +however O +, O +no O +statistically O +significant O +difference O +was O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +Subjects O +with O +SNHL O +were O +submitted O +to O +DFO B-Chemical +reduction O +or O +temporary O +withdrawal O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +intervention O +, O +7 O +out O +of O +21 O +affected O +patients O +recovered O +, O +10 O +remained O +stable O +and O +4 O +demonstrated O +aggravation O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +The O +findings O +are O +indicative O +of O +DFO B-Chemical +' O +s O +contributing O +role O +in O +the O +development O +of O +hearing O +impairment O +. O + +aps B-category +Regular O +audiologic O +evaluation O +is O +imperative O +in O +all O +thalassemic O +patients O +so O +that O +early O +changes O +may O +be O +recognized O +and O +treatment O +may O +be O +judiciously O +adjusted O +in O +order O +to O +prevent O +or O +reverse O +hearing O +impairment O +. O + +aps B-category +Individual O +differences O +in O +renal O +ACE O +activity O +in O +healthy O +rats O +predict O +susceptibility O +to O +adriamycin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +renal O +damage O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +In O +man O +, O +differences O +in O +angiotensin B-Chemical +- O +converting O +enzyme O +( O +ACE O +) O +levels O +, O +related O +to O +ACE O +( O +I O +/ O +D O +) O +genotype O +, O +are O +associated O +with O +renal O +prognosis O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +raises O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +individual O +differences O +in O +renal O +ACE O +activity O +are O +involved O +in O +renal O +susceptibility O +to O +inflicted O +damage O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +we O +studied O +the O +predictive O +effect O +of O +renal O +ACE O +activity O +for O +the O +severity O +of O +renal O +damage O +induced O +by O +a O +single O +injection O +of O +adriamycin B-Chemical +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Renal O +ACE O +activity O +( O +Hip B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +His I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Leu I-Chemical +cleavage O +by O +cortical O +homogenates O +) O +was O +determined O +by O +renal O +biopsy O +in O +27 O +adult O +male O +Wistar O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +1 O +week O +of O +recovery O +, O +proteinuria O +was O +induced O +by O +adriamycin B-Chemical +[ O +1 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +intravenously O +( O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O +n O += O +18 O +; O +controls O +, O +saline O +i O +. O +v O +. O +n O += O +9 O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Proteinuria O +was O +measured O +every O +2 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +12 O +weeks O +, O +rats O +were O +sacrificed O +and O +their O +kidneys O +harvested O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +As O +anticipated O +, O +adriamycin B-Chemical +elicited O +nephrotic O +range O +proteinuria O +, O +renal O +interstitial O +damage O +and O +mild O +focal O +glomerulosclerosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Baseline O +renal O +ACE O +positively O +correlated O +with O +the O +relative O +rise O +in O +proteinuria O +after O +adriamycin B-Chemical +( O +r O += O +0 O +. O +62 O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +, O +renal O +interstitial O +alpha O +- O +smooth O +muscle O +actin O +( O +r O += O +0 O +. O +49 O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +, O +interstitial O +macrophage O +influx O +( O +r O += O +0 O +. O +56 O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +, O +interstitial O +collagen O +III O +( O +r O += O +0 O +. O +53 O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +, O +glomerular O +alpha O +- O +smooth O +muscle O +actin O +( O +r O += O +0 O +. O +74 O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +and O +glomerular O +desmin O +( O +r O += O +0 O +. O +48 O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Baseline O +renal O +ACE O +did O +not O +correlate O +with O +focal O +glomerulosclerosis O +( O +r O += O +0 O +. O +22 O +, O +NS O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +controls O +, O +no O +predictive O +values O +for O +renal O +parameters O +were O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Individual O +differences O +in O +renal O +ACE O +activity O +predict O +the O +severity O +of O +adriamycin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +renal O +damage O +in O +this O +outbred O +rat O +strain O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +supports O +the O +assumption O +that O +differences O +in O +renal O +ACE O +activity O +predispose O +to O +a O +less O +favourable O +course O +of O +renal O +damage O +. O + +aps B-category +Recurrent O +acute O +interstitial O +nephritis O +induced O +by O +azithromycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +14 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +girl O +is O +reported O +with O +recurrent O +, O +azithromycin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +, O +acute O +interstitial O +nephritis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +second O +episode O +was O +more O +severe O +than O +the O +first O +; O +and O +although O +both O +were O +treated O +with O +intensive O +corticosteroid O +therapy O +, O +renal O +function O +remained O +impaired O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +most O +cases O +of O +antibiotic O +induced O +acute O +interstitial O +nephritis O +are O +benign O +and O +self O +- O +limited O +, O +some O +patients O +are O +at O +risk O +for O +permanent O +renal O +injury O +. O + +aps B-category +Spironolactone B-Chemical +- O +induced O +renal O +insufficiency O +and O +hyperkalemia O +in O +patients O +with O +heart O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +A O +previous O +randomized O +controlled O +trial O +evaluating O +the O +use O +of O +spironolactone B-Chemical +in O +heart O +failure O +patients O +reported O +a O +low O +risk O +of O +hyperkalemia O +( O +2 O +% O +) O +and O +renal O +insufficiency O +( O +0 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +treatments O +for O +heart O +failure O +have O +changed O +since O +the O +benefits O +of O +spironolactone B-Chemical +were O +reported O +, O +the O +prevalence O +of O +these O +complications O +may O +differ O +in O +current O +clinical O +practice O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +therefore O +sought O +to O +determine O +the O +prevalence O +and O +clinical O +associations O +of O +hyperkalemia O +and O +renal O +insufficiency O +in O +heart O +failure O +patients O +treated O +with O +spironolactone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +We O +performed O +a O +case O +control O +study O +of O +heart O +failure O +patients O +treated O +with O +spironolactone B-Chemical +in O +our O +clinical O +practice O +. O + +aps B-category +Cases O +were O +patients O +who O +developed O +hyperkalemia O +( O +K B-Chemical +( O ++ O +) O +> O +5 O +. O +0 O +mEq O +/ O +L O +) O +or O +renal O +insufficiency O +( O +Cr B-Chemical +> O +or O += O +2 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +) O +, O +and O +they O +were O +compared O +to O +2 O +randomly O +selected O +controls O +per O +case O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +characteristics O +, O +medications O +, O +and O +serum O +chemistries O +at O +baseline O +and O +follow O +- O +up O +time O +periods O +were O +compared O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Sixty O +- O +seven O +of O +926 O +patients O +( O +7 O +. O +2 O +% O +) O +required O +discontinuation O +of O +spironolactone B-Chemical +due O +to O +hyperkalemia O +( O +n O += O +33 O +) O +or O +renal O +failure O +( O +n O += O +34 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +who O +developed O +hyperkalemia O +were O +older O +and O +more O +likely O +to O +have O +diabetes O +, O +had O +higher O +baseline O +serum O +potassium B-Chemical +levels O +and O +lower O +baseline O +potassium B-Chemical +supplement O +doses O +, O +and O +were O +more O +likely O +to O +be O +treated O +with O +beta O +- O +blockers O +than O +controls O +( O +n O += O +134 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +who O +developed O +renal O +insufficiency O +had O +lower O +baseline O +body O +weight O +and O +higher O +baseline O +serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +, O +required O +higher O +doses O +of O +loop O +diuretics O +, O +and O +were O +more O +likely O +to O +be O +treated O +with O +thiazide B-Chemical +diuretics O +than O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Spironolactone B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hyperkalemia O +and O +renal O +insufficiency O +are O +more O +common O +in O +our O +clinical O +experience O +than O +reported O +previously O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +difference O +is O +explained O +by O +patient O +comorbidities O +and O +more O +frequent O +use O +of O +beta O +- O +blockers O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +reserpine B-Chemical +and O +subchronic O +haloperidol B-Chemical +treatments O +change O +synaptosomal O +brain O +glutamate B-Chemical +uptake O +and O +elicit O +orofacial O +dyskinesia O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Reserpine B-Chemical +- O +and O +haloperidol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +orofacial O +dyskinesia O +are O +putative O +animal O +models O +of O +tardive O +dyskinesia O +( O +TD O +) O +whose O +pathophysiology O +has O +been O +related O +to O +free O +radical O +generation O +and O +oxidative O +stress O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +present O +study O +, O +the O +authors O +induced O +orofacial O +dyskinesia O +by O +acute O +reserpine B-Chemical +and O +subchronic O +haloperidol B-Chemical +administration O +to O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Reserpine B-Chemical +injection O +( O +one O +dose O +of O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +s O +. O +c O +. O +) O +every O +other O +day O +for O +3 O +days O +caused O +a O +significant O +increase O +in O +vacuous O +chewing O +, O +tongue O +protrusion O +and O +duration O +of O +facial O +twitching O +, O +compared O +to O +the O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +Haloperidol B-Chemical +administration O +( O +one O +dose O +of O +12 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +once O +a O +week O +s O +. O +c O +. O +) O +for O +4 O +weeks O +caused O +an O +increase O +in O +vacuous O +chewing O +, O +tongue O +protrusion O +and O +duration O +of O +facial O +twitching O +observed O +in O +four O +weekly O +evaluations O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +the O +treatments O +and O +behavioral O +observation O +, O +glutamate B-Chemical +uptake O +by O +segments O +of O +the O +brain O +was O +analyzed O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +decreased O +glutamate B-Chemical +uptake O +was O +observed O +in O +the O +subcortical O +parts O +of O +animals O +treated O +with O +reserpine B-Chemical +and O +haloperidol B-Chemical +, O +compared O +to O +the O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +Importantly O +, O +a O +decrease O +in O +glutamate B-Chemical +uptake O +correlates O +negatively O +with O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +incidence O +of O +orofacial O +diskinesia O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +indicate O +that O +early O +changes O +in O +glutamate B-Chemical +transport O +may O +be O +related O +to O +the O +development O +of O +vacuous O +chewing O +movements O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Ceftriaxone B-Chemical +- O +associated O +biliary O +pseudolithiasis O +in O +paediatric O +surgical O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +well O +known O +that O +ceftriaxone B-Chemical +leads O +to O +pseudolithiasis O +in O +some O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +and O +experimental O +studies O +also O +suggest O +that O +situations O +causing O +gallbladder O +dysfunction O +, O +such O +as O +fasting O +, O +may O +have O +a O +role O +for O +the O +development O +of O +pseudolithiasis O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +study O +, O +we O +prospectively O +evaluated O +the O +incidence O +and O +clinical O +importance O +of O +pseudolithiasis O +in O +paediatric O +surgical O +patients O +receiving O +ceftriaxone B-Chemical +treatment O +, O +who O +often O +had O +to O +fast O +in O +the O +post O +- O +operative O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +Fifty O +children O +who O +were O +given O +ceftriaxone B-Chemical +were O +evaluated O +by O +serial O +abdominal O +sonograms O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +those O +, O +13 O +( O +26 O +% O +) O +developed O +biliary O +pathology O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +the O +patients O +with O +or O +without O +pseudolithiasis O +revealed O +no O +significant O +difference O +with O +respect O +to O +age O +, O +sex O +, O +duration O +of O +the O +treatment O +and O +starvation O +variables O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +cessation O +of O +the O +treatment O +, O +pseudolithiasis O +resolved O +spontaneously O +within O +a O +short O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +pseudolithiasis O +is O +not O +affected O +by O +fasting O +. O + +aps B-category +Coronary O +aneurysm O +after O +implantation O +of O +a O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +- O +eluting O +stent O +. O + +aps B-category +Formation O +of O +coronary O +aneurysm O +is O +a O +rare O +complication O +of O +stenting O +with O +bare O +metal O +stents O +, O +but O +based O +on O +experimental O +studies O +drug O +- O +eluting O +stents O +may O +induce O +toxic O +effects O +on O +the O +vessel O +wall O +with O +incomplete O +stent O +apposition O +, O +aneurysm O +formation O +and O +with O +the O +potential O +of O +stent O +thrombosis O +or O +vessel O +rupture O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +present O +a O +43 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +man O +who O +developed O +a O +coronary O +aneurysm O +in O +the O +right O +coronary O +artery O +6 O +months O +after O +receiving O +a O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +- O +eluting O +stent O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +was O +asymptomatic O +and O +the O +aneurysm O +was O +detected O +in O +a O +routine O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +Angiography O +and O +intracoronary O +ultrasound O +demonstrated O +lack O +of O +contact O +between O +stent O +and O +vessel O +wall O +in O +a O +15 O +- O +mm O +long O +segment O +with O +maximal O +aneurysm O +diameter O +of O +6 O +. O +0 O +mm O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +was O +successfully O +treated O +with O +a O +graft O +stent O +. O + +aps B-category +Causes O +of O +acute O +thrombotic O +microangiopathy O +in O +patients O +receiving O +kidney O +transplantation O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVES O +: O +Thrombotic O +microangiopathy O +is O +a O +well O +- O +known O +problem O +in O +patients O +following O +renal O +transplantation O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +postrenal O +transplantation O +, O +thrombotic O +microangiopathy O +is O +often O +a O +reflection O +of O +hemolytic O +uremic O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +aimed O +to O +determine O +the O +causes O +of O +thrombotic O +microangiopathy O +in O +a O +population O +of O +renal O +transplantation O +recipients O +and O +discuss O +the O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +MATERIALS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +We O +investigated O +the O +causes O +of O +thrombotic O +microangiopathy O +during O +a O +1 O +- O +year O +period O +, O +from O +June O +2003 O +to O +June O +2004 O +, O +at O +the O +King O +Fahad O +National O +Guard O +Hospital O +in O +Riyadh O +, O +Saudi O +Arabia O +, O +by O +reviewing O +the O +slides O +of O +all O +transplant O +biopsies O +( O +n O += O +25 O +) O +performed O +during O +this O +interval O +. O + +aps B-category +Pre O +- O +and O +posttransplant O +crossmatching O +was O +done O +when O +possible O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Five O +cases O +of O +thrombotic O +microangiopathy O +were O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +of O +these O +cases O +were O +from O +the O +25 O +transplantations O +performed O +at O +King O +Fahad O +National O +Guard O +Hospital O +, O +while O +the O +other O +2 O +transplantations O +had O +been O +performed O +abroad O +and O +were O +referred O +to O +us O +for O +follow O +- O +up O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +cases O +were O +related O +to O +cyclosporine B-Chemical +, O +and O +1 O +case O +was O +secondary O +to O +both O +cyclosporine B-Chemical +and O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fifth O +case O +had O +features O +of O +thrombotic O +microangiopathy O +related O +to O +an O +antiphospholipid O +syndrome O +in O +a O +patient O +with O +systemic O +lupus O +erythematosus O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +In O +the O +literature O +, O +the O +most O +- O +frequent O +cause O +of O +hemolytic O +uremic O +syndrome O +in O +patients O +following O +renal O +transplantation O +is O +recurrence O +of O +the O +hemolytic O +uremic O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +causes O +include O +drug O +- O +related O +( O +cyclosporine B-Chemical +, O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +) O +toxicity O +, O +procoagulant O +status O +, O +and O +antibody O +- O +mediated O +rejection O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +found O +that O +the O +most O +- O +frequent O +cause O +of O +thrombotic O +microangiopathy O +was O +drug O +related O +, O +secondary O +mainly O +to O +cyclosporine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +current O +study O +, O +the O +frequency O +of O +thrombotic O +microangiopathy O +was O +similar O +to O +the O +percentage O +reported O +in O +the O +literature O +( O +20 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +developmental O +toxicity O +of O +selective O +and O +non O +- O +selective O +cyclooxygenase O +- O +2 O +inhibitors O +in O +CRL O +: O +( O +WI O +) O +WUBR O +Wistar O +rats O +- O +- O +DFU B-Chemical +and O +piroxicam B-Chemical +study O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Cyclooxygenase O +( O +COX O +) O +inhibitors O +are O +one O +of O +the O +most O +often O +ingested O +drugs O +during O +pregnancy O +. O + +aps B-category +Unlike O +general O +toxicity O +data O +, O +their O +prenatal O +toxic O +effects O +were O +not O +extensively O +studied O +before O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +the O +experiment O +was O +to O +evaluate O +the O +developmental O +toxicity O +of O +the O +non O +- O +selective O +( O +piroxicam B-Chemical +) O +and O +selective O +( O +DFU B-Chemical +; O +5 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dimethyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluorophenyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylsulphonyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +phenyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +5H I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +furanon I-Chemical +) O +COX O +- O +2 O +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Drugs O +were O +separately O +, O +orally O +once O +daily O +dosed O +to O +pregnant O +rats O +from O +day O +8 O +to O +21 O +( O +GD1 O += O +plug O +day O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Doses O +were O +set O +at O +0 O +. O +3 O +, O +3 O +. O +0 O +and O +30 O +. O +0mg O +/ O +kg O +for O +piroxicam B-Chemical +and O +0 O +. O +2 O +, O +2 O +. O +0 O +and O +20 O +. O +0mg O +/ O +kg O +for O +DFU B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Fetuses O +were O +delivered O +on O +GD O +21 O +and O +routinely O +examined O +. O + +aps B-category +Comprehensive O +clinical O +and O +developmental O +measurements O +were O +done O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pooled O +statistical O +analysis O +for O +ventricular O +septal O +( O +VSD O +) O +and O +midline O +( O +MD O +) O +defects O +was O +performed O +for O +rat O +fetuses O +exposed O +to O +piroxicam B-Chemical +, O +selective O +and O +non O +- O +selective O +COX O +- O +2 O +inhibitor O +based O +on O +present O +and O +historic O +data O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Maternal O +toxicity O +, O +intrauterine O +growth O +retardation O +, O +and O +increase O +of O +external O +and O +skeletal O +variations O +were O +found O +in O +rats O +treated O +with O +the O +highest O +dose O +of O +piroxicam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Decrease O +of O +fetal O +length O +was O +the O +only O +signs O +of O +the O +DFU B-Chemical +developmental O +toxicity O +observed O +in O +pups O +exposed O +to O +the O +highest O +compound O +dose O +. O + +aps B-category +Lack O +of O +teratogenicity O +was O +found O +in O +piroxicam B-Chemical +and O +DFU B-Chemical +- O +exposed O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Prenatal O +exposure O +to O +non O +- O +selective O +COX O +inhibitors O +increases O +the O +risk O +of O +VSD O +and O +MD O +when O +compared O +to O +historic O +control O +but O +not O +with O +selective O +COX O +- O +2 O +inhibitors O +. 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O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +show O +that O +the O +brain O +- O +dissociated O +state O +induced O +by O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +is O +formed O +with O +the O +participation O +of O +the O +mechanisms O +of O +information O +perception O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +short O +- O +term O +raloxifene B-Chemical +therapy O +on O +fibrinolysis O +markers O +: O +TAFI O +, O +tPA O +, O +and O +PAI O +- O +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Markers O +of O +fibrinolysis O +, O +thrombin O +- O +activatable O +fibrinolysis O +inhibitor O +( O +TAFI O +) O +, O +tissue O +- O +type O +plasminogen O +activator O +( O +tPA O +) O +, O +and O +plasminogen O +activator O +inhibitor O +- O +1 O +( O +PAI O +- O +1 O +) O +levels O +were O +studied O +for O +the O +evaluation O +of O +short O +- O +term O +effects O +of O +raloxifene B-Chemical +administration O +in O +postmenopausal O +women O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Thirty O +- O +nine O +postmenopausal O +women O +with O +osteopenia O +or O +osteoporosis O +were O +included O +in O +this O +prospective O +, O +controlled O +clinical O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +Twenty O +- O +five O +women O +were O +given O +raloxifene B-Chemical +hydrochloride I-Chemical +( O +60 O +mg O +/ O +day O +) O +plus O +calcium B-Chemical +( O +500 O +mg O +/ O +day O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Age O +- O +matched O +controls O +( O +n O += O +14 O +) O +were O +given O +only O +calcium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +TAFI O +, O +tPA O +, O +and O +PAI O +- O +1 O +antigen O +levels O +were O +measured O +at O +baseline O +and O +after O +3 O +months O +of O +treatment O +by O +commercially O +available O +ELISA O +kits O +. O + +aps B-category +Variations O +of O +individuals O +were O +assessed O +by O +Wilcoxon O +' O +s O +test O +. O + +aps B-category +Relationship O +between O +those O +markers O +and O +demographic O +characteristics O +were O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Three O +months O +of O +raloxifene B-Chemical +treatment O +was O +associated O +with O +a O +significant O +decrease O +in O +the O +plasma O +TAFI O +antigen O +concentrations O +( O +16 O +% O +change O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +, O +and O +a O +significant O +increase O +in O +tPA O +antigen O +concentrations O +( O +25 O +% O +change O +, O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +significant O +correlation O +was O +found O +between O +baseline O +TAFI O +antigen O +concentrations O +and O +the O +duration O +of O +amenorrhea O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +; O +r O += O +0 O +. O +33 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +We O +suggest O +that O +the O +increased O +risk O +of O +venous O +thromboembolism O +due O +to O +raloxifene B-Chemical +treatment O +may O +be O +related O +to O +increased O +tPA O +levels O +, O +but O +not O +TAFI O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +Valproate B-Chemical +- O +induced O +encephalopathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Valproate B-Chemical +- O +induced O +encephalopathy O +is O +a O +rare O +syndrome O +that O +may O +manifest O +in O +otherwise O +normal O +epileptic O +individuals O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +may O +even O +present O +in O +patients O +who O +have O +tolerated O +this O +medicine O +well O +in O +the O +past O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +usually O +but O +not O +necessarily O +associated O +with O +hyperammonemia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +EEG O +shows O +characteristic O +triphasic O +waves O +in O +most O +patients O +with O +this O +complication O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +case O +of O +valproate B-Chemical +- O +induced O +encephalopathy O +is O +presented O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +problems O +in O +diagnosing O +this O +condition O +are O +subsequently O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Recurrent O +dysphonia O +and O +acitretin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +the O +case O +of O +a O +woman O +complaining O +of O +dysphonia O +while O +she O +was O +treated O +by O +acitretin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Her O +symptoms O +totally O +regressed O +after O +drug O +withdrawal O +and O +reappeared O +when O +acitretin B-Chemical +was O +reintroduced O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +our O +knowledge O +, O +this O +is O +the O +first O +case O +of O +acitretin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +dysphonia O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +effect O +may O +be O +related O +to O +the O +pharmacological O +effect O +of O +this O +drug O +on O +mucous O +membranes O +. O + +aps B-category +Nitro B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +ester I-Chemical +: O +a O +potential O +protector O +against O +gentamicin B-Chemical +ototoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +nitric B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +( O +NO B-Chemical +) O +inhibitor O +nitro B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +ester I-Chemical +( O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +NAME I-Chemical +) O +may O +act O +as O +an O +otoprotectant O +against O +high O +- O +frequency O +hearing O +loss O +caused O +by O +gentamicin B-Chemical +, O +but O +further O +studies O +are O +needed O +to O +confirm O +this O +. O +Aminoglycoside B-Chemical +antibiotics O +are O +still O +widely O +used O +by O +virtue O +of O +their O +efficacy O +and O +low O +cost O +. O + +aps B-category +Their O +ototoxicity O +is O +a O +serious O +health O +problem O +and O +, O +as O +their O +ototoxic O +mechanism O +involves O +the O +production O +of O +NO B-Chemical +, O +we O +need O +to O +assess O +the O +use O +of O +NO B-Chemical +inhibitors O +for O +the O +prevention O +of O +aminoglycoside B-Chemical +- O +induced O +sensorineural O +hearing O +loss O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +experimental O +study O +we O +used O +30 O +Sprague O +- O +Dawley O +rats O +, O +27 O +of O +which O +had O +gentamicin B-Chemical +instilled O +into O +the O +middle O +ear O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +otoprotectant O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +NAME I-Chemical +was O +administered O +topically O +to O +12 O +/ O +27 O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +Its O +effect O +was O +determined O +in O +terms O +of O +attenuation O +of O +hearing O +loss O +, O +measured O +by O +shifts O +in O +the O +auditory O +brainstem O +response O +threshold O +. O + +aps B-category +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +NAME I-Chemical +reduced O +gentamicin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hearing O +loss O +in O +the O +high O +- O +frequency O +range O +, O +but O +gave O +no O +protection O +in O +the O +middle O +or O +low O +frequencies O +. O + +aps B-category +Safety O +profile O +of O +a O +nicotine B-Chemical +lozenge O +compared O +with O +that O +of O +nicotine B-Chemical +gum O +in O +adult O +smokers O +with O +underlying O +medical O +conditions O +: O +a O +12 O +- O +week O +, O +randomized O +, O +open O +- O +label O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Nicotine B-Chemical +polacrilex O +lozenges O +deliver O +25 O +% O +to O +27 O +% O +more O +nicotine B-Chemical +compared O +with O +equivalent O +doses O +of O +nicotine B-Chemical +polacrilex O +gum O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +increased O +nicotine B-Chemical +exposure O +from O +the O +lozenge O +has O +raised O +questions O +about O +the O +relative O +safety O +of O +the O +lozenge O +and O +gum O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +The O +objective O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +compare O +the O +safety O +profiles O +of O +the O +4 O +- O +mg O +nicotine B-Chemical +lozenge O +and O +4 O +- O +mg O +nicotine B-Chemical +gum O +in O +smokers O +with O +selected O +label O +- O +restricted O +diseases O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +This O +was O +a O +multicenter O +, O +randomized O +, O +open O +- O +label O +study O +in O +adult O +smokers O +with O +heart O +disease O +, O +hypertension O +not O +controlled O +by O +medication O +, O +and O +/ O +or O +diabetes O +mellitus O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +were O +randomized O +in O +a O +1 O +: O +1 O +ratio O +to O +receive O +the O +4 O +- O +mg O +nicotine B-Chemical +lozenge O +or O +4 O +- O +mg O +nicotine B-Chemical +gum O +. O + +aps B-category +Safety O +assessments O +were O +made O +at O +baseline O +and O +at O +2 O +, O +4 O +, O +6 O +, O +and O +12 O +weeks O +after O +the O +start O +of O +product O +use O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Nine O +hundred O +one O +patients O +were O +randomized O +to O +treatment O +, O +447 O +who O +received O +the O +lozenge O +and O +454 O +who O +received O +the O +gum O +( O +safety O +population O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +majority O +were O +women O +( O +52 O +. O +7 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +' O +mean O +age O +was O +53 O +. O +9 O +years O +, O +their O +mean O +weight O +was O +193 O +. O +9 O +pounds O +, O +and O +they O +smoked O +a O +mean O +of O +25 O +. O +2 O +cigarettes O +per O +day O +at O +baseline O +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +hundred O +fifty O +- O +three O +patients O +, O +264 O +taking O +the O +lozenge O +and O +289 O +taking O +the O +gum O +, O +used O +the O +study O +product O +for O +> O +or O += O +4 O +days O +per O +week O +during O +the O +first O +2 O +weeks O +( O +evaluable O +population O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +nicotine B-Chemical +lozenge O +and O +nicotine B-Chemical +gum O +were O +equally O +well O +tolerated O +, O +despite O +increased O +nicotine B-Chemical +exposure O +from O +the O +lozenge O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +adverse O +events O +in O +the O +2 O +groups O +was O +similar O +during O +the O +first O +2 O +weeks O +of O +product O +use O +( O +evaluation O +population O +: O +55 O +. O +3 O +% O +lozenge O +, O +54 O +. O +7 O +% O +gum O +) O +, O +as O +well O +as O +during O +the O +entire O +study O +( O +safety O +population O +: O +63 O +. O +8 O +% O +and O +58 O +. O +6 O +% O +, O +respectively O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Stratification O +of O +patients O +by O +sex O +, O +age O +, O +extent O +of O +concurrent O +smoking O +, O +extent O +of O +product O +use O +, O +and O +severity O +of O +adverse O +events O +revealed O +no O +clinically O +significant O +differences O +between O +the O +lozenge O +and O +gum O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +common O +adverse O +events O +were O +nausea O +( O +17 O +. O +2 O +% O +and O +16 O +. O +1 O +% O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +, O +- O +3 O +. O +7 O +to O +6 O +. O +0 O +) O +, O +hiccups O +( O +10 O +. O +7 O +% O +and O +6 O +. O +6 O +% O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +, O +0 O +. O +5 O +to O +7 O +. O +8 O +) O +, O +and O +headache O +( O +8 O +. O +7 O +% O +and O +9 O +. O +9 O +% O +; O +95 O +% O +Cl O +, O +- O +5 O +. O +0 O +to O +2 O +. O +6 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Serious O +adverse O +events O +were O +reported O +in O +11 O +and O +13 O +patients O +in O +the O +respective O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Fewer O +than O +6 O +% O +of O +patients O +in O +either O +group O +were O +considered O +by O +the O +investigator O +to O +have O +a O +worsening O +of O +their O +overall O +disease O +condition O +during O +the O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +majority O +of O +patients O +( O +> O +60 O +% O +) O +experienced O +no O +change O +in O +their O +disease O +status O +from O +baseline O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +The O +4 O +- O +mg O +nicotine B-Chemical +lozenge O +and O +4 O +- O +mg O +nicotine B-Chemical +gum O +had O +comparable O +safety O +profiles O +in O +these O +patients O +with O +label O +- O +restricted O +medical O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +Pharmacological O +modulation O +of O +pain O +- O +related O +brain O +activity O +during O +normal O +and O +central O +sensitization O +states O +in O +humans O +. O + +aps B-category +Abnormal O +processing O +of O +somatosensory O +inputs O +in O +the O +central O +nervous O +system O +( O +central O +sensitization O +) O +is O +the O +mechanism O +accounting O +for O +the O +enhanced O +pain O +sensitivity O +in O +the O +skin O +surrounding O +tissue O +injury O +( O +secondary O +hyperalgesia O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Secondary O +hyperalgesia O +shares O +clinical O +characteristics O +with O +neurogenic O +hyperalgesia O +in O +patients O +with O +neuropathic O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +Abnormal O +brain O +responses O +to O +somatosensory O +stimuli O +have O +been O +found O +in O +patients O +with O +hyperalgesia O +as O +well O +as O +in O +normal O +subjects O +during O +experimental O +central O +sensitization O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +assess O +the O +effects O +of O +gabapentin B-Chemical +, O +a O +drug O +effective O +in O +neuropathic O +pain O +patients O +, O +on O +brain O +processing O +of O +nociceptive O +information O +in O +normal O +and O +central O +sensitization O +states O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +functional O +magnetic O +resonance O +imaging O +( O +fMRI O +) O +in O +normal O +volunteers O +, O +we O +studied O +the O +gabapentin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +modulation O +of O +brain O +activity O +in O +response O +to O +nociceptive O +mechanical O +stimulation O +of O +normal O +skin O +and O +capsaicin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +secondary O +hyperalgesia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dose O +of O +gabapentin B-Chemical +was O +1 O +, O +800 O +mg O +per O +os O +, O +in O +a O +single O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +found O +that O +( O +i O +) O +gabapentin B-Chemical +reduced O +the O +activations O +in O +the O +bilateral O +operculoinsular O +cortex O +, O +independently O +of O +the O +presence O +of O +central O +sensitization O +; O +( O +ii O +) O +gabapentin B-Chemical +reduced O +the O +activation O +in O +the O +brainstem O +, O +only O +during O +central O +sensitization O +; O +( O +iii O +) O +gabapentin B-Chemical +suppressed O +stimulus O +- O +induced O +deactivations O +, O +only O +during O +central O +sensitization O +; O +this O +effect O +was O +more O +robust O +than O +the O +effect O +on O +brain O +activation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +observed O +drug O +- O +induced O +effects O +were O +not O +due O +to O +changes O +in O +the O +baseline O +fMRI O +signal O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +indicate O +that O +gabapentin B-Chemical +has O +a O +measurable O +antinociceptive O +effect O +and O +a O +stronger O +antihyperalgesic O +effect O +most O +evident O +in O +the O +brain O +areas O +undergoing O +deactivation O +, O +thus O +supporting O +the O +concept O +that O +gabapentin B-Chemical +is O +more O +effective O +in O +modulating O +nociceptive O +transmission O +when O +central O +sensitization O +is O +present O +. O + +aps B-category +Investigation O +of O +mitochondrial O +involvement O +in O +the O +experimental O +model O +of O +epilepsy O +induced O +by O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Mitochondrial O +abnormalities O +have O +been O +associated O +with O +several O +aspects O +of O +epileptogenesis O +, O +such O +as O +energy O +generation O +, O +control O +of O +cell O +death O +, O +neurotransmitter O +synthesis O +, O +and O +free O +radical O +( O +FR O +) O +production O +. O + +aps B-category +Increased O +production O +of O +FRs O +may O +cause O +mtDNA O +damage O +leading O +to O +decreased O +activities O +of O +oxidative O +phosphorylation O +complexes O +containing O +mtDNA O +- O +encoded O +subunits O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +study O +, O +we O +investigated O +whether O +increased O +generation O +of O +FR O +during O +status O +epilepticus O +would O +be O +sufficient O +to O +provoke O +abnormalities O +in O +mtDNA O +and O +in O +the O +expression O +and O +activity O +of O +cytochrome O +c O +oxidase O +( O +CCO O +) O +, O +complex O +IV O +of O +the O +respiratory O +chain O +, O +in O +the O +chronic O +phase O +of O +the O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +model O +of O +temporal O +lobe O +epilepsy O +. O + +aps B-category +DNA O +analysis O +revealed O +low O +amounts O +of O +a O +4 O +. O +8 O +kb O +mtDNA O +deletion O +but O +with O +no O +differences O +in O +frequency O +or O +quantity O +in O +the O +control O +and O +experimental O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +did O +not O +find O +abnormalities O +in O +the O +expression O +and O +distribution O +of O +an O +mtDNA O +- O +encoded O +subunit O +of O +CCO O +( O +CCO O +- O +I O +) O +or O +a O +relative O +decrease O +in O +CCO O +- O +I O +when O +compared O +with O +nuclear O +- O +encoded O +subunits O +( O +CCO O +- O +IV O +and O +SDH O +- O +fp O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +abnormality O +in O +CCO O +activity O +was O +observed O +through O +histochemistry O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +evidences O +of O +mitochondrial O +abnormalities O +were O +found O +in O +previously O +published O +studies O +, O +our O +results O +do O +not O +suggest O +that O +the O +FRs O +, O +generated O +during O +the O +acute O +phase O +, O +determined O +important O +abnormalities O +in O +mtDNA O +, O +in O +expression O +of O +CCO O +- O +I O +, O +and O +in O +CCO O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Adverse O +effect O +of O +the O +calcium B-Chemical +channel O +blocker O +nitrendipine B-Chemical +on O +nephrosclerosis O +in O +rats O +with O +renovascular O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +a O +6 O +- O +week O +treatment O +with O +the O +calcium B-Chemical +channel O +blocker O +nitrendipine B-Chemical +or O +the O +angiotensin B-Chemical +converting O +enzyme O +inhibitor O +enalapril B-Chemical +on O +blood O +pressure O +, O +albuminuria O +, O +renal O +hemodynamics O +, O +and O +morphology O +of O +the O +nonclipped O +kidney O +was O +studied O +in O +rats O +with O +two O +- O +kidney O +, O +one O +clip O +renovascular O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +Six O +weeks O +after O +clipping O +of O +one O +renal O +artery O +, O +hypertensive O +rats O +( O +178 O ++ O +/ O +- O +4 O +mm O +Hg O +) O +were O +randomly O +assigned O +to O +three O +groups O +: O +untreated O +hypertensive O +controls O +( O +n O += O +8 O +) O +, O +enalapril B-Chemical +- O +treated O +( O +n O += O +8 O +) O +, O +or O +nitrendipine B-Chemical +- O +treated O +( O +n O += O +10 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Sham O +- O +operated O +rats O +served O +as O +normotensive O +controls O +( O +128 O ++ O +/ O +- O +3 O +mm O +Hg O +, O +n O += O +8 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +6 O +weeks O +of O +treatment O +, O +renal O +hemodynamics O +( O +glomerular O +filtration O +rate O +and O +renal O +plasma O +flow O +) O +were O +measured O +in O +the O +anesthetized O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Renal O +tissue O +was O +obtained O +for O +determination O +of O +glomerular O +size O +and O +sclerosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Enalapril B-Chemical +but O +not O +nitrendipine B-Chemical +reduced O +blood O +pressure O +significantly O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +6 O +weeks O +of O +therapy O +, O +glomerular O +filtration O +rate O +was O +not O +different O +among O +the O +studied O +groups O +. 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O + +aps B-category +( B-Chemical +R I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylhistamine I-Chemical +( O +RAMH B-Chemical +) O +( O +5 O +microg O +i O +. O +c O +. O +v O +. O +) O +and O +thioperamide B-Chemical +( O +THP B-Chemical +) O +( O +15 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +, O +per O +se O +did O +not O +cause O +catalepsy O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +THP B-Chemical +( O +3 O +. O +75 O +, O +7 O +. O +5 O +and O +15 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +1 O +h O +prior O +to O +haloperidol B-Chemical +resulted O +in O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +increase O +in O +the O +catalepsy O +times O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +pretreatment O +with O +RAMH B-Chemical +significantly O +reversed O +such O +an O +effect O +of O +THP B-Chemical +( O +15 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Findings O +suggest O +a O +potential O +for O +H O +( O +3 O +) O +- O +receptor O +antagonists O +in O +improving O +the O +refractory O +cases O +of O +schizophrenia O +. O + +aps B-category +Cauda O +equina O +syndrome O +after O +epidural O +steroid B-Chemical +injection O +: O +a O +case O +report O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +Conventional O +treatment O +methods O +of O +lumbusacral O +radiculopathy O +are O +physical O +therapy O +, O +epidural O +steroid B-Chemical +injections O +, O +oral O +medications O +, O +and O +spinal O +manipulative O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Cauda O +equina O +syndrome O +is O +a O +rare O +complication O +of O +epidural O +anesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +following O +case O +is O +a O +report O +of O +cauda O +equina O +syndrome O +possibly O +caused O +by O +epidural O +injection O +of O +triamcinolone B-Chemical +and O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +Total O +cumulative O +doses O +were O +36 O +or O +60 O +g O +/ O +m2 O +of O +ifosfamide B-Chemical +( O +six O +or O +10 O +cycles O +of O +ifosfamide B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +vincristine I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +and I-Chemical +dactinomycin I-Chemical +[ O +IVA B-Chemical +] O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +None O +of O +them O +had O +received O +cisplatin B-Chemical +chemotherapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Ages O +ranged O +from O +4 O +months O +to O +17 O +years O +; O +58 O +patients O +were O +males O +and O +42 O +females O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +common O +primary O +tumor O +site O +was O +the O +head O +and O +neck O +. 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O + +aps B-category +All O +had O +myofibre O +necrosis O +but O +only O +3 O +had O +an O +inflammatory O +infiltrate O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +all O +cases O +there O +was O +diffuse O +or O +multifocal O +up O +- O +regulation O +of O +MHC O +- O +I O +expression O +even O +in O +non O +- O +necrotic O +fibres O +. O + +aps B-category +Progressive O +improvement O +occurred O +in O +7 O +cases O +after O +commencement O +of O +prednisolone B-Chemical +and O +methotrexate B-Chemical +, O +and O +in O +one O +case O +spontaneously O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +observations O +suggest O +that O +statins B-Chemical +may O +initiate O +an O +immune O +- O +mediated O +myopathy O +that O +persists O +after O +withdrawal O +of O +the O +drug O +and O +responds O +to O +immunosuppressive O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mechanism O +of O +this O +myopathy O +is O +uncertain O +but O +may O +involve O +the O +induction O +by O +statins B-Chemical +of O +an O +endoplasmic O +reticulum O +stress O +response O +with O +associated O +up O +- O +regulation O +of O +MHC O +- O +I O +expression O +and O +antigen O +presentation O +by O +muscle O +fibres O +. O + +aps B-category +Use O +of O +chromosome O +substitution O +strains O +to O +identify O +seizure O +susceptibility O +loci O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Seizure O +susceptibility O +varies O +among O +inbred O +mouse O +strains O +. O + +aps B-category +Chromosome O +substitution O +strains O +( O +CSS O +) O +, O +in O +which O +a O +single O +chromosome O +from O +one O +inbred O +strain O +( O +donor O +) O +has O +been O +transferred O +onto O +a O +second O +strain O +( O +host O +) O +by O +repeated O +backcrossing O +, O +may O +be O +used O +to O +identify O +quantitative O +trait O +loci O +( O +QTLs O +) O +that O +contribute O +to O +seizure O +susceptibility O +. O + +aps B-category +QTLs O +for O +susceptibility O +to O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +seizures O +, O +a O +model O +of O +temporal O +lobe O +epilepsy O +, O +have O +not O +been O +reported O +, O +and O +CSS O +have O +not O +previously O +been O +used O +to O +localize O +seizure O +susceptibility O +genes O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +QTLs O +identified O +using O +a O +B6 O +( O +host O +) O +x O +A O +/ O +J O +( O +donor O +) O +CSS O +panel O +to O +localize O +genes O +involved O +in O +susceptibility O +to O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +seizures O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +hundred O +fifty O +- O +five O +adult O +male O +CSS O +mice O +, O +58 O +B6 O +, O +and O +39 O +A O +/ O +J O +were O +tested O +for O +susceptibility O +to O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +seizures O +. O + +aps B-category +Highest O +stage O +reached O +and O +latency O +to O +each O +stage O +were O +recorded O +for O +all O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +B6 O +mice O +were O +resistant O +to O +seizures O +and O +slower O +to O +reach O +stages O +compared O +to O +A O +/ O +J O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +CSS O +for O +Chromosomes O +10 O +and O +18 O +progressed O +to O +the O +most O +severe O +stages O +, O +diverging O +dramatically O +from O +the O +B6 O +phenotype O +. O + +aps B-category +Latencies O +to O +stages O +were O +also O +significantly O +shorter O +for O +CSS10 O +and O +CSS18 O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +CSS O +mapping O +suggests O +seizure O +susceptibility O +loci O +on O +mouse O +Chromosomes O +10 O +and O +18 O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +approach O +provides O +a O +framework O +for O +identifying O +potentially O +novel O +homologous O +candidate O +genes O +for O +human O +temporal O +lobe O +epilepsy O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +vitro O +characterization O +of O +parasympathetic O +and O +sympathetic O +responses O +in O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cystitis O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cystitis O +in O +the O +rat O +, O +detrusor O +function O +is O +impaired O +and O +the O +expression O +and O +effects O +of O +muscarinic O +receptors O +altered O +. O + +aps B-category +Whether O +or O +not O +the O +neuronal O +transmission O +may O +be O +affected O +by O +cystitis O +was O +presently O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Responses O +of O +urinary O +strip O +preparations O +from O +control O +and O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +- O +pretreated O +rats O +to O +electrical O +field O +stimulation O +and O +to O +agonists O +were O +assessed O +in O +the O +absence O +and O +presence O +of O +muscarinic O +, O +adrenergic O +and O +purinergic O +receptor O +antagonists O +. O + +aps B-category +Generally O +, O +atropine B-Chemical +reduced O +contractions O +, O +but O +in O +contrast O +to O +controls O +, O +it O +also O +reduced O +responses O +to O +low O +electrical O +field O +stimulation O +intensity O +( O +1 O +- O +5 O +Hz O +) O +in O +inflamed O +preparations O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +both O +types O +, O +purinoceptor O +desensitization O +with O +alpha B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylene I-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +' I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +triphosphate I-Chemical +( O +alpha B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +meATP I-Chemical +) O +caused O +further O +reductions O +at O +low O +frequencies O +( O +< O +10 O +Hz O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +muscarinic O +receptor O +antagonists O +atropine B-Chemical +, O +4 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +diphenylacetoxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +N I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylpiperidine I-Chemical +( O +4 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +DAMP I-Chemical +) O +( O +' O +M O +( O +1 O +) O +/ O +M O +( O +3 O +) O +/ O +M O +( O +5 O +) O +- O +selective O +' O +) O +, O +methoctramine B-Chemical +( O +' O +M O +( O +2 O +) O +- O +selective O +' O +) O +and O +pirenzepine B-Chemical +( O +' O +M O +( O +1 O +) O +- O +selective O +' O +) O +antagonized O +the O +tonic O +component O +of O +the O +electrical O +field O +stimulation O +- O +evoked O +contractile O +response O +more O +potently O +than O +the O +phasic O +component O +. O + +aps B-category +4 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +DAMP I-Chemical +inhibited O +the O +tonic O +contractions O +in O +controls O +more O +potently O +than O +methoctramine B-Chemical +and O +pirenzepine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +inflamed O +preparations O +, O +the O +muscarinic O +receptor O +antagonism O +on O +the O +phasic O +component O +of O +the O +electrical O +field O +stimulation O +- O +evoked O +contraction O +was O +decreased O +and O +the O +pirenzepine B-Chemical +and O +4 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +DAMP I-Chemical +antagonism O +on O +the O +tonic O +component O +was O +much O +less O +efficient O +than O +in O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast O +to O +controls O +, O +methoctramine B-Chemical +increased O +- O +- O +instead O +of O +decreased O +- O +- O +the O +tonic O +responses O +at O +high O +frequencies O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +contractions O +to O +carbachol B-Chemical +and O +ATP B-Chemical +were O +the O +same O +in O +inflamed O +and O +in O +control O +strips O +when O +related O +to O +a O +reference O +potassium B-Chemical +response O +, O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +- O +induced O +relaxations O +were O +smaller O +in O +inflamed O +strips O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +in O +cystitis O +substantial O +changes O +of O +the O +efferent O +functional O +responses O +occur O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +postjunctional O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +- O +mediated O +relaxations O +are O +reduced O +, O +effects O +by O +prejunctional O +inhibitory O +muscarinic O +receptors O +may O +be O +increased O +. O + +aps B-category +Direct O +inhibition O +of O +cardiac O +hyperpolarization O +- O +activated O +cyclic B-Chemical +nucleotide I-Chemical +- O +gated O +pacemaker O +channels O +by O +clonidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Inhibition O +of O +cardiac O +sympathetic O +tone O +represents O +an O +important O +strategy O +for O +treatment O +of O +cardiovascular O +disease O +, O +including O +arrhythmia O +, O +coronary O +heart O +disease O +, O +and O +chronic O +heart O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +Activation O +of O +presynaptic O +alpha2 O +- O +adrenoceptors O +is O +the O +most O +widely O +accepted O +mechanism O +of O +action O +of O +the O +antisympathetic O +drug O +clonidine B-Chemical +; O +however O +, O +other O +target O +proteins O +have O +been O +postulated O +to O +contribute O +to O +the O +in O +vivo O +actions O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +AND O +RESULTS O +: O +To O +test O +whether O +clonidine B-Chemical +elicits O +pharmacological O +effects O +independent O +of O +alpha2 O +- O +adrenoceptors O +, O +we O +have O +generated O +mice O +with O +a O +targeted O +deletion O +of O +all O +3 O +alpha2 O +- O +adrenoceptor O +subtypes O +( O +alpha2ABC O +- O +/ O +- O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Alpha2ABC O +- O +/ O +- O +mice O +were O +completely O +unresponsive O +to O +the O +analgesic O +and O +hypnotic O +effects O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +; O +however O +, O +clonidine B-Chemical +significantly O +lowered O +heart O +rate O +in O +alpha2ABC O +- O +/ O +- O +mice O +by O +up O +to O +150 O +bpm O +. O + +aps B-category +Clonidine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +bradycardia O +in O +conscious O +alpha2ABC O +- O +/ O +- O +mice O +was O +32 O +. O +3 O +% O +( O +10 O +microg O +/ O +kg O +) O +and O +26 O +. O +6 O +% O +( O +100 O +microg O +/ O +kg O +) O +of O +the O +effect O +in O +wild O +- O +type O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +similar O +bradycardic O +effect O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +was O +observed O +in O +isolated O +spontaneously O +beating O +right O +atria O +from O +alpha2ABC O +- O +knockout O +and O +wild O +- O +type O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Clonidine B-Chemical +inhibited O +the O +native O +pacemaker O +current O +( O +I O +( O +f O +) O +) O +in O +isolated O +sinoatrial O +node O +pacemaker O +cells O +and O +the O +I O +( O +f O +) O +- O +generating O +hyperpolarization O +- O +activated O +cyclic B-Chemical +nucleotide I-Chemical +- O +gated O +( O +HCN O +) O +2 O +and O +HCN4 O +channels O +in O +transfected O +HEK293 O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +a O +consequence O +of O +blocking O +I O +( O +f O +) O +, O +clonidine B-Chemical +reduced O +the O +slope O +of O +the O +diastolic O +depolarization O +and O +the O +frequency O +of O +pacemaker O +potentials O +in O +sinoatrial O +node O +cells O +from O +wild O +- O +type O +and O +alpha2ABC O +- O +knockout O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Direct O +inhibition O +of O +cardiac O +HCN O +pacemaker O +channels O +contributes O +to O +the O +bradycardic O +effects O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +gene O +- O +targeted O +mice O +in O +vivo O +, O +and O +thus O +, O +clonidine B-Chemical +- O +like O +drugs O +represent O +novel O +structures O +for O +future O +HCN O +channel O +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +Granulomatous O +hepatitis O +due O +to O +combination B-Chemical +of I-Chemical +amoxicillin I-Chemical +and I-Chemical +clavulanic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +the O +case O +of O +a O +patient O +with O +amoxicillin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +clavulanic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- O +induced O +hepatitis O +with O +histologic O +multiple O +granulomas O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +type O +of O +lesion O +broadens O +the O +spectrum O +of O +liver O +injury O +due O +to O +this O +drug O +combination O +, O +mainly O +represented O +by O +a O +benign O +cholestatic O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +association O +of O +granulomas O +and O +eosinophilia O +favor O +an O +immunoallergic O +mechanism O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +penicillin B-Chemical +derivatives O +and O +amoxicillin B-Chemical +alone O +are O +known O +to O +induce O +such O +types O +of O +lesions O +, O +the O +amoxicillin B-Chemical +component O +, O +with O +or O +without O +a O +potentiating O +effect O +of O +clavulanic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +might O +have O +a O +major O +role O +. O + +aps B-category +Dobutamine B-Chemical +stress O +echocardiography O +: O +a O +sensitive O +indicator O +of O +diminished O +myocardial O +function O +in O +asymptomatic O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +- O +treated O +long O +- O +term O +survivors O +of O +childhood O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +Doxorubicin B-Chemical +is O +an O +effective O +anticancer O +chemotherapeutic O +agent O +known O +to O +cause O +acute O +and O +chronic O +cardiomyopathy O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +develop O +a O +more O +sensitive O +echocardiographic O +screening O +test O +for O +cardiac O +damage O +due O +to O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +, O +a O +cohort O +study O +was O +performed O +using O +dobutamine B-Chemical +infusion O +to O +differentiate O +asymptomatic O +long O +- O +term O +survivors O +of O +childhood O +cancer O +treated O +with O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +from O +healthy O +control O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +Echocardiographic O +data O +from O +the O +experimental O +group O +of O +21 O +patients O +( O +mean O +age O +16 O ++ O +/ O +- O +5 O +years O +) O +treated O +from O +1 O +. O +6 O +to O +14 O +. O +3 O +years O +( O +median O +5 O +. O +3 O +) O +before O +this O +study O +with O +27 O +to O +532 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +of O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +( O +mean O +196 O +) O +were O +compared O +with O +echocardiographic O +data O +from O +12 O +normal O +age O +- O +matched O +control O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +Graded O +dobutamine B-Chemical +infusions O +of O +0 O +. O +5 O +, O +2 O +. O +5 O +, O +5 O +and O +10 O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +per O +min O +were O +administered O +. O + +aps B-category +Echocardiographic O +Doppler O +studies O +were O +performed O +before O +infusion O +and O +after O +15 O +min O +of O +infusion O +at O +each O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +Dobutamine B-Chemical +infusion O +at O +10 O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +per O +min O +was O +discontinued O +after O +six O +studies O +secondary O +to O +a O +50 O +% O +incidence O +rate O +of O +adverse O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +important O +findings O +were O +that O +compared O +with O +values O +in O +control O +subjects O +, O +end O +- O +systolic O +left O +ventricular O +posterior O +wall O +dimension O +and O +percent O +of O +left O +ventricular O +posterior O +wall O +thickening O +in O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +- O +treated O +patients O +were O +decreased O +at O +baseline O +study O +and O +these O +findings O +were O +more O +clearly O +delineated O +with O +dobutamine B-Chemical +stimulation O +. O + +aps B-category +End O +- O +systolic O +left O +ventricular O +posterior O +wall O +dimension O +at O +baseline O +for O +the O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +- O +treated O +group O +was O +11 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +9 O +mm O +versus O +13 O +. O +1 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +5 O +mm O +for O +control O +subjects O +( O +p O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +End O +- O +systolic O +left O +ventricular O +posterior O +wall O +dimension O +at O +the O +5 O +- O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +per O +min O +dobutamine B-Chemical +infusion O +for O +the O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +- O +treated O +group O +was O +14 O +. O +1 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +4 O +mm O +versus O +19 O +. O +3 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +6 O +mm O +for O +control O +subjects O +( O +p O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O +( O +ABSTRACT O +TRUNCATED O +AT O +250 O +WORDS O +) O + +aps B-category +Influence O +of O +smoking B-Chemical +on O +developing O +cochlea O +. O + +aps B-category +Does O +smoking B-Chemical +during O +pregnancy O +affect O +the O +amplitudes O +of O +transient O +evoked O +otoacoustic O +emissions O +in O +newborns O +? O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +Maternal O +tobacco O +smoking B-Chemical +has O +negative O +effects O +on O +fetal O +growth O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +smoking B-Chemical +during O +pregnancy O +on O +the O +developing O +cochlea O +has O +not O +been O +estimated O +, O +although O +smoking B-Chemical +has O +been O +positively O +associated O +with O +hearing O +loss O +in O +adults O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +objective O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +determine O +the O +effects O +of O +maternal O +smoking B-Chemical +on O +transient O +evoked O +otoacoustic O +emissions O +( O +TEOAEs O +) O +of O +healthy O +neonates O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +This O +study O +was O +undertaken O +as O +part O +of O +neonatal O +screening O +for O +hearing O +impairment O +and O +involved O +both O +ears O +of O +200 O +newborns O +. O + +aps B-category +Newborns O +whose O +mothers O +reported O +smoking B-Chemical +during O +pregnancy O +( O +n O += O +200 O +ears O +) O +were O +compared O +to O +a O +control O +group O +of O +newborns O +( O +n O += O +200 O +ears O +) O +, O +whose O +mothers O +were O +non O +- O +smokers O +. O + +aps B-category +Exposure O +to O +tobacco O +was O +characterized O +as O +low O +( O +< O +5 O +cigarettes O +per O +day O +, O +n O += O +88 O +ears O +) O +, O +moderate O +( O +5 O +< O +or O += O +cigarettes O +per O +day O +< O +10 O +, O +n O += O +76 O +) O +or O +high O +( O +> O +or O += O +10 O +cigarettes O +per O +day O +, O +n O += O +36 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +In O +exposed O +neonates O +, O +TEOAEs O +mean O +response O +( O +across O +frequency O +) O +and O +mean O +amplitude O +at O +4000Hz O +was O +significantly O +lower O +than O +in O +non O +- O +exposed O +neonates O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparisons O +between O +exposed O +newborns O +' O +subgroups O +revealed O +no O +significant O +differences O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +by O +comparing O +each O +subgroup O +to O +control O +group O +, O +we O +found O +statistically O +significant O +decreases O +of O +TEOAEs O +amplitudes O +at O +4000Hz O +for O +all O +three O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Mean O +TEOAEs O +responses O +of O +highly O +exposed O +newborns O +were O +also O +significantly O +lower O +in O +comparison O +to O +our O +control O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +In O +utero O +, O +exposure O +to O +tobacco O +smoking B-Chemical +seems O +to O +have O +a O +small O +impact O +on O +outer O +hair O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +effects O +seem O +to O +be O +equally O +true O +for O +all O +exposed O +newborns O +, O +regardless O +of O +the O +degree O +of O +exposure O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +studies O +are O +needed O +in O +order O +to O +establish O +a O +potential O +negative O +effect O +of O +maternal O +smoking B-Chemical +on O +the O +neonate O +' O +s O +hearing O +acuity O +. O + +aps B-category +Simvastatin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +bilateral O +leg O +compartment O +syndrome O +and O +myonecrosis O +associated O +with O +hypothyroidism O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +54 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +hypothyroid O +male O +taking O +thyroxine B-Chemical +and O +simvastatin B-Chemical +presented O +with O +bilateral O +leg O +compartment O +syndrome O +and O +myonecrosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Urgent O +fasciotomies O +were O +performed O +and O +the O +patient O +made O +an O +uneventful O +recovery O +with O +the O +withdrawal O +of O +simvastatin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +likely O +that O +this O +complication O +will O +be O +seen O +more O +often O +with O +the O +increased O +worldwide O +use O +of O +this O +drug O +and O +its O +approval O +for O +all O +arteriopathic O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuroinflammation O +and O +behavioral O +abnormalities O +after O +neonatal O +terbutaline B-Chemical +treatment O +in O +rats O +: O +implications O +for O +autism O +. O + +aps B-category +Autism O +is O +a O +neurodevelopmental O +disorder O +presenting O +before O +3 O +years O +of O +age O +with O +deficits O +in O +communication O +and O +social O +skills O +and O +repetitive O +behaviors O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +to O +genetic O +influences O +, O +recent O +studies O +suggest O +that O +prenatal O +drug O +or O +chemical O +exposures O +are O +risk O +factors O +for O +autism O +. O + +aps B-category +Terbutaline B-Chemical +, O +a O +beta2 O +- O +adrenoceptor O +agonist O +used O +to O +arrest O +preterm O +labor O +, O +has O +been O +associated O +with O +increased O +concordance O +for O +autism O +in O +dizygotic O +twins O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +studied O +the O +effects O +of O +terbutaline B-Chemical +on O +microglial O +activation O +in O +different O +brain O +regions O +and O +behavioral O +outcomes O +in O +developing O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Newborn O +rats O +were O +given O +terbutaline B-Chemical +( O +10 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +daily O +on O +postnatal O +days O +( O +PN O +) O +2 O +to O +5 O +or O +PN O +11 O +to O +14 O +and O +examined O +24 O +h O +after O +the O +last O +dose O +and O +at O +PN O +30 O +. O + +aps B-category +Immunohistochemical O +studies O +showed O +that O +administration O +of O +terbutaline B-Chemical +on O +PN O +2 O +to O +5 O +produced O +a O +robust O +increase O +in O +microglial O +activation O +on O +PN O +30 O +in O +the O +cerebral O +cortex O +, O +as O +well O +as O +in O +cerebellar O +and O +cerebrocortical O +white O +matter O +. O + +aps B-category +None O +of O +these O +effects O +occurred O +in O +animals O +given O +terbutaline B-Chemical +on O +PN O +11 O +to O +14 O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +behavioral O +tests O +, O +animals O +treated O +with O +terbutaline B-Chemical +on O +PN O +2 O +to O +5 O +showed O +consistent O +patterns O +of O +hyper O +- O +reactivity O +to O +novelty O +and O +aversive O +stimuli O +when O +assessed O +in O +a O +novel O +open O +field O +, O +as O +well O +as O +in O +the O +acoustic O +startle O +response O +test O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +findings O +indicate O +that O +beta2 O +- O +adrenoceptor O +overstimulation O +during O +an O +early O +critical O +period O +results O +in O +microglial O +activation O +associated O +with O +innate O +neuroinflammatory O +pathways O +and O +behavioral O +abnormalities O +, O +similar O +to O +those O +described O +in O +autism O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +provides O +a O +useful O +animal O +model O +for O +understanding O +the O +neuropathological O +processes O +underlying O +autism O +spectrum O +disorders O +. O + +aps B-category +Upregulation O +of O +brain O +expression O +of O +P O +- O +glycoprotein O +in O +MRP2 O +- O +deficient O +TR O +( O +- O +) O +rats O +resembles O +seizure O +- O +induced O +up O +- O +regulation O +of O +this O +drug O +efflux O +transporter O +in O +normal O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +The O +multidrug O +resistance O +protein O +2 O +( O +MRP2 O +) O +is O +a O +drug O +efflux O +transporter O +that O +is O +expressed O +predominantly O +at O +the O +apical O +domain O +of O +hepatocytes O +but O +seems O +also O +to O +be O +expressed O +at O +the O +apical O +membrane O +of O +brain O +capillary O +endothelial O +cells O +that O +form O +the O +blood O +- O +brain O +barrier O +( O +BBB O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +MRP2 O +is O +absent O +in O +the O +transport O +- O +deficient O +( O +TR O +( O +- O +) O +) O +Wistar O +rat O +mutant O +, O +so O +that O +this O +rat O +strain O +was O +very O +helpful O +in O +defining O +substrates O +of O +MRP2 O +by O +comparing O +tissue O +concentrations O +or O +functional O +activities O +of O +compounds O +in O +MRP2 O +- O +deficient O +rats O +with O +those O +in O +transport O +- O +competent O +Wistar O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +using O +this O +strategy O +to O +study O +the O +involvement O +of O +MRP2 O +in O +brain O +access O +of O +antiepileptic O +drugs O +( O +AEDs O +) O +, O +we O +recently O +reported O +that O +phenytoin B-Chemical +is O +a O +substrate O +for O +MRP2 O +in O +the O +BBB O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +one O +drawback O +of O +such O +studies O +in O +genetically O +deficient O +rats O +is O +the O +fact O +that O +compensatory O +changes O +with O +upregulation O +of O +other O +transporters O +can O +occur O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +prompted O +us O +to O +study O +the O +brain O +expression O +of O +P O +- O +glycoprotein O +( O +Pgp O +) O +, O +a O +major O +drug O +efflux O +transporter O +in O +many O +tissues O +, O +including O +the O +BBB O +, O +in O +TR O +( O +- O +) O +rats O +compared O +with O +nonmutant O +( O +wild O +- O +type O +) O +Wistar O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +The O +expression O +of O +MRP2 O +and O +Pgp O +in O +brain O +and O +liver O +sections O +of O +TR O +( O +- O +) O +rats O +and O +normal O +Wistar O +rats O +was O +determined O +with O +immunohistochemistry O +, O +by O +using O +a O +novel O +, O +highly O +selective O +monoclonal O +MRP2 O +antibody O +and O +the O +monoclonal O +Pgp O +antibody O +C219 O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Immunofluorescence O +staining O +with O +the O +MRP2 O +antibody O +was O +found O +to O +label O +a O +high O +number O +of O +microvessels O +throughout O +the O +brain O +in O +normal O +Wistar O +rats O +, O +whereas O +such O +labeling O +was O +absent O +in O +TR O +( O +- O +) O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +TR O +( O +- O +) O +rats O +exhibited O +a O +significant O +up O +- O +regulation O +of O +Pgp O +in O +brain O +capillary O +endothelial O +cells O +compared O +with O +wild O +- O +type O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +such O +obvious O +upregulation O +of O +Pgp O +was O +observed O +in O +liver O +sections O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +comparable O +overexpression O +of O +Pgp O +in O +the O +BBB O +was O +obtained O +after O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +seizures O +in O +wild O +- O +type O +Wistar O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Experiments O +with O +systemic O +administration O +of O +the O +Pgp O +substrate O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +and O +the O +selective O +Pgp O +inhibitor O +tariquidar B-Chemical +in O +TR O +( O +- O +) O +rats O +substantiated O +that O +Pgp O +is O +functional O +and O +compensates O +for O +the O +lack O +of O +MRP2 O +in O +the O +BBB O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +The O +data O +on O +TR O +( O +- O +) O +rats O +indicate O +that O +Pgp O +plays O +an O +important O +role O +in O +the O +compensation O +of O +MRP2 O +deficiency O +in O +the O +BBB O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +such O +a O +compensatory O +mechanism O +most O +likely O +occurs O +to O +reduce O +injury O +to O +the O +brain O +from O +cytotoxic O +compounds O +, O +the O +present O +data O +substantiate O +the O +concept O +that O +MRP2 O +performs O +a O +protective O +role O +in O +the O +BBB O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +our O +data O +suggest O +that O +TR O +( O +- O +) O +rats O +are O +an O +interesting O +tool O +to O +study O +consequences O +of O +overexpression O +of O +Pgp O +in O +the O +BBB O +on O +access O +of O +drugs O +in O +the O +brain O +, O +without O +the O +need O +of O +inducing O +seizures O +or O +other O +Pgp O +- O +enhancing O +events O +for O +this O +purpose O +. O + +aps B-category +Role O +of O +xanthine B-Chemical +oxidase O +in O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypertension O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +Glucocorticoid O +- O +induced O +hypertension O +( O +GC O +- O +HT O +) O +in O +the O +rat O +is O +associated O +with O +nitric B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +- O +redox O +imbalance O +. O + +aps B-category +2 O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +studied O +the O +role O +of O +xanthine B-Chemical +oxidase O +( O +XO O +) O +, O +which O +is O +implicated O +in O +the O +production O +of O +reactive O +oxygen O +species O +, O +in O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypertension O +( O +dex B-Chemical +- O +HT O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +3 O +. O + +aps B-category +Thirty O +male O +Sprague O +- O +Dawley O +rats O +were O +divided O +randomly O +into O +four O +treatment O +groups O +: O +saline O +, O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +( O +dex B-Chemical +) O +, O +allopurinol B-Chemical +plus O +saline O +, O +and O +allopurinol B-Chemical +plus O +dex B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +Systolic O +blood O +pressures O +( O +SBP O +) O +and O +bodyweights O +were O +recorded O +each O +alternate O +day O +. O + +aps B-category +Thymus O +weight O +was O +used O +as O +a O +marker O +of O +glucocorticoid O +activity O +, O +and O +serum O +urate B-Chemical +to O +assess O +XO O +inhibition O +. O + +aps B-category +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +Dex B-Chemical +increased O +SBP O +( O +110 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +- O +126 O ++ O +/ O +- O +3 O +mmHg O +; O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +and O +decreased O +thymus O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +and O +bodyweights O +( O +P O +" O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Allopurinol B-Chemical +decreased O +serum O +urate B-Chemical +from O +76 O ++ O +/ O +- O +5 O +to O +30 O ++ O +/ O +- O +3 O +micromol O +/ O +L O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +in O +saline O +and O +from O +84 O ++ O +/ O +- O +13 O +to O +28 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +micromol O +/ O +L O +in O +dex B-Chemical +- O +treated O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +6 O +. O + +aps B-category +Allopurinol B-Chemical +did O +not O +prevent O +dex B-Chemical +- O +HT O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +, O +together O +with O +our O +previous O +findings O +that O +allopurinol B-Chemical +failed O +to O +prevent O +adrenocorticotrophic O +hormone O +induced O +hypertension O +, O +suggests O +that O +XO O +activity O +is O +not O +a O +major O +determinant O +of O +GC O +- O +HT O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Side O +effects O +of O +postoperative O +administration O +of O +methylprednisolone B-Chemical +and O +gentamicin B-Chemical +into O +the O +posterior O +sub O +- O +Tenon O +' O +s O +space O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +To O +assess O +the O +incidence O +of O +postoperative O +emetic O +side O +effects O +after O +the O +administration O +of O +methylprednisolone B-Chemical +and O +gentamicin B-Chemical +into O +the O +posterior O +sub O +- O +Tenon O +' O +s O +space O +at O +the O +end O +of O +routine O +cataract O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +SETTING O +: O +St O +. O + +aps B-category +Luke O +' O +s O +Hospital O +, O +Gwardamangia O +, O +Malta O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +A O +double O +- O +blind O +double O +- O +armed O +prospective O +study O +comprised O +40 O +patients O +who O +had O +uneventful O +sutureless O +phacoemulsification O +under O +sub O +- O +Tenon O +' O +s O +local O +infiltration O +of O +3 O +mL O +of O +plain O +lignocaine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +At O +the O +end O +of O +the O +procedure O +, O +Group O +A O +( O +n O += O +20 O +) O +had O +20 O +mg O +/ O +0 O +. O +5 O +mL O +of O +methylprednisolone B-Chemical +and O +10 O +mg O +/ O +0 O +. O +5 O +mL O +of O +gentamicin B-Chemical +injected O +into O +the O +posterior O +sub O +- O +Tenon O +' O +s O +space O +and O +Group O +B O +( O +n O += O +20 O +) O +had O +the O +same O +combination O +injected O +into O +the O +anterior O +sub O +- O +Tenon O +' O +s O +space O +. O + +aps B-category +Postoperatively O +, O +all O +patients O +were O +assessed O +for O +symptoms O +of O +nausea O +, O +vomiting O +, O +and O +headache O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +chi O +- O +square O +test O +was O +used O +to O +assess O +the O +statistical O +significance O +of O +results O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Sixty O +percent O +in O +Group O +A O +developed O +postoperative O +emetic O +symptoms O +, O +headache O +, O +or O +both O +; O +1 O +patient O +in O +Group O +B O +developed O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +The O +administration O +of O +methylprednisolone B-Chemical +and O +gentamicin B-Chemical +in O +the O +posterior O +sub O +- O +Tenon O +' O +s O +space O +was O +related O +to O +a O +high O +incidence O +of O +side O +effects O +including O +nausea O +, O +vomiting O +, O +and O +headache O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +adverse O +effects O +were O +self O +- O +limiting O +. O + +aps B-category +Assessment O +of O +a O +new O +non O +- O +invasive O +index O +of O +cardiac O +performance O +for O +detection O +of O +dobutamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +myocardial O +ischemia O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Electrocardiography O +has O +a O +very O +low O +sensitivity O +in O +detecting O +dobutamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +myocardial O +ischemia O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVES O +: O +To O +assess O +the O +added O +diagnostic O +value O +of O +a O +new O +cardiac O +performance O +index O +( O +dP O +/ O +dtejc O +) O +measurement O +, O +based O +on O +brachial O +artery O +flow O +changes O +, O +as O +compared O +to O +standard O +12 O +- O +lead O +ECG O +, O +for O +detecting O +dobutamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +myocardial O +ischemia O +, O +using O +Tc99m B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Sestamibi I-Chemical +single O +- O +photon O +emission O +computed O +tomography O +as O +the O +gold O +standard O +of O +comparison O +to O +assess O +the O +presence O +or O +absence O +of O +ischemia O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +The O +study O +group O +comprised O +40 O +patients O +undergoing O +Sestamibi B-Chemical +- O +SPECT O +/ O +dobutamine B-Chemical +stress O +test O +. O + +aps B-category +Simultaneous O +measurements O +of O +ECG O +and O +brachial O +artery O +dP O +/ O +dtejc O +were O +performed O +at O +each O +dobutamine B-Chemical +level O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +19 O +of O +the O +40 O +patients O +perfusion O +defects O +compatible O +with O +ischemia O +were O +detected O +on O +SPECT O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +increase O +in O +dP O +/ O +dtejc O +during O +infusion O +of O +dobutamine B-Chemical +in O +this O +group O +was O +severely O +impaired O +as O +compared O +to O +the O +non O +- O +ischemic O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +dP O +/ O +dtejc O +outcome O +was O +combined O +with O +the O +ECG O +results O +, O +giving O +an O +ECG O +- O +enhanced O +value O +, O +and O +compared O +to O +ECG O +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +sensitivity O +improved O +dramatically O +from O +16 O +% O +to O +79 O +% O +, O +positive O +predictive O +value O +increased O +from O +60 O +% O +to O +68 O +% O +and O +negative O +predictive O +value O +from O +54 O +% O +to O +78 O +% O +, O +and O +specificity O +decreased O +from O +90 O +% O +to O +67 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +If O +ECG O +alone O +is O +used O +for O +specificity O +, O +the O +combination O +with O +dP O +/ O +dtejc O +improved O +the O +sensitivity O +of O +the O +test O +and O +could O +be O +a O +cost O +- O +savings O +alternative O +to O +cardiac O +imaging O +or O +perfusion O +studies O +to O +detect O +myocardial O +ischemia O +, O +especially O +in O +patients O +unable O +to O +exercise O +. O + +aps B-category +Cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +myocardial O +infarction O +: O +clinical O +observations O +and O +pathogenetic O +considerations O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +and O +experimental O +data O +published O +to O +date O +suggest O +several O +possible O +mechanisms O +by O +which O +cocaine B-Chemical +may O +result O +in O +acute O +myocardial O +infarction O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +individuals O +with O +preexisting O +, O +high O +- O +grade O +coronary O +arterial O +narrowing O +, O +acute O +myocardial O +infarction O +may O +result O +from O +an O +increase O +in O +myocardial O +oxygen B-Chemical +demand O +associated O +with O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +increase O +in O +rate O +- O +pressure O +product O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +other O +individuals O +with O +no O +underlying O +atherosclerotic O +obstruction O +, O +coronary O +occlusion O +may O +be O +due O +to O +spasm O +, O +thrombus O +, O +or O +both O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +regard O +to O +spasm O +, O +the O +clinical O +findings O +are O +largely O +circumstantial O +, O +and O +the O +locus O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +vasoconstriction O +remains O +speculative O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +certain O +clinical O +and O +experimental O +findings O +support O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +spasm O +involves O +the O +epicardial O +, O +medium O +- O +size O +vessels O +, O +other O +data O +suggest O +intramural O +vasoconstriction O +. O + +aps B-category +Diffuse O +intramural O +vasoconstriction O +is O +not O +consistent O +with O +reports O +of O +segmental O +, O +discrete O +infarction O +. O + +aps B-category +Whereas O +certain O +in O +vivo O +data O +suggest O +that O +these O +effects O +are O +alpha O +- O +mediated O +, O +other O +in O +vitro O +data O +suggest O +the O +opposite O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +finding O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +vasoconstriction O +in O +segments O +of O +( O +noninnervated O +) O +human O +umbilical O +artery O +suggests O +that O +the O +presence O +or O +absence O +of O +intact O +innervation O +is O +not O +sufficient O +to O +explain O +the O +discrepant O +data O +involving O +the O +possibility O +of O +alpha O +- O +mediated O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Finally O +, O +the O +contribution O +of O +a O +primary O +, O +thrombotic O +effect O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +has O +not O +been O +excluded O +. O + +aps B-category +Proteomic O +analysis O +of O +striatal O +proteins O +in O +the O +rat O +model O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +DOPA I-Chemical +- O +induced O +dyskinesia O +. O + +aps B-category +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +DOPA I-Chemical +- O +induced O +dyskinesia O +( O +LID O +) O +is O +among O +the O +motor O +complications O +that O +arise O +in O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +( O +PD O +) O +patients O +after O +a O +prolonged O +treatment O +with O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +DOPA I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +To O +this O +day O +, O +transcriptome O +analysis O +has O +been O +performed O +in O +a O +rat O +model O +of O +LID O +[ O +Neurobiol O +. O +Dis O +. O +, O +17 O +( O +2004 O +) O +, O +219 O +] O +but O +information O +regarding O +the O +proteome O +is O +still O +lacking O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +present O +study O +, O +we O +investigated O +the O +changes O +occurring O +at O +the O +protein O +level O +in O +striatal O +samples O +obtained O +from O +the O +unilaterally O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxydopamine I-Chemical +- O +lesion O +rat O +model O +of O +PD O +treated O +with O +saline O +, O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +DOPA I-Chemical +or O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +using O +two O +- O +dimensional O +difference O +gel O +electrophoresis O +and O +mass O +spectrometry O +( O +MS O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Rats O +treated O +with O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +DOPA I-Chemical +were O +allocated O +to O +two O +groups O +based O +on O +the O +presence O +or O +absence O +of O +LID O +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +the O +2000 O +spots O +compared O +for O +statistical O +difference O +, O +67 O +spots O +were O +significantly O +changed O +in O +abundance O +and O +identified O +using O +matrix O +- O +assisted O +laser O +desorption O +/ O +ionization O +time O +- O +of O +- O +flight O +MS O +, O +atmospheric O +pressure O +matrix O +- O +assisted O +laser O +desorption O +/ O +ionization O +and O +HPLC O +coupled O +tandem O +MS O +( O +LC O +/ O +MS O +/ O +MS O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Out O +of O +these O +67 O +proteins O +, O +LID O +significantly O +changed O +the O +expression O +level O +of O +five O +proteins O +: O +alphabeta O +- O +crystalin O +, O +gamma O +- O +enolase O +, O +guanidoacetate O +methyltransferase O +, O +vinculin O +, O +and O +proteasome O +alpha O +- O +2 O +subunit O +. O + +aps B-category +Complementary O +techniques O +such O +as O +western O +immunoblotting O +and O +immunohistochemistry O +were O +performed O +to O +investigate O +the O +validity O +of O +the O +data O +obtained O +using O +the O +proteomic O +approach O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +conclusion O +, O +this O +study O +provides O +new O +insights O +into O +the O +protein O +changes O +occurring O +in O +LID O +. O + +aps B-category +Cardiac O +Angiography O +in O +Renally O +Impaired O +Patients O +( O +CARE O +) O +study O +: O +a O +randomized O +double O +- O +blind O +trial O +of O +contrast O +- O +induced O +nephropathy O +in O +patients O +with O +chronic O +kidney O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +No O +direct O +comparisons O +exist O +of O +the O +renal O +tolerability O +of O +the O +low O +- O +osmolality O +contrast B-Chemical +medium I-Chemical +iopamidol B-Chemical +with O +that O +of O +the O +iso O +- O +osmolality O +contrast B-Chemical +medium I-Chemical +iodixanol B-Chemical +in O +high O +- O +risk O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +AND O +RESULTS O +: O +The O +present O +study O +is O +a O +multicenter O +, O +randomized O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +comparison O +of O +iopamidol B-Chemical +and O +iodixanol B-Chemical +in O +patients O +with O +chronic O +kidney O +disease O +( O +estimated O +glomerular O +filtration O +rate O +, O +20 O +to O +59 O +mL O +/ O +min O +) O +who O +underwent O +cardiac O +angiography O +or O +percutaneous O +coronary O +interventions O +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +( O +SCr O +) O +levels O +and O +estimated O +glomerular O +filtration O +rate O +were O +assessed O +at O +baseline O +and O +2 O +to O +5 O +days O +after O +receiving O +medications O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +primary O +outcome O +was O +a O +postdose O +SCr O +increase O +> O +or O += O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +( O +44 O +. O +2 O +micromol O +/ O +L O +) O +over O +baseline O +. O + +aps B-category +Secondary O +outcomes O +were O +a O +postdose O +SCr O +increase O +> O +or O += O +25 O +% O +, O +a O +postdose O +estimated O +glomerular O +filtration O +rate O +decrease O +of O +> O +or O += O +25 O +% O +, O +and O +the O +mean O +peak O +change O +in O +SCr O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +414 O +patients O +, O +contrast O +volume O +, O +presence O +of O +diabetes O +mellitus O +, O +use O +of O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetylcysteine I-Chemical +, O +mean O +baseline O +SCr O +, O +and O +estimated O +glomerular O +filtration O +rate O +were O +comparable O +in O +the O +2 O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +SCr O +increases O +> O +or O += O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +occurred O +in O +4 O +. O +4 O +% O +( O +9 O +of O +204 O +patients O +) O +after O +iopamidol B-Chemical +and O +6 O +. O +7 O +% O +( O +14 O +of O +210 O +patients O +) O +after O +iodixanol B-Chemical +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +39 O +) O +, O +whereas O +rates O +of O +SCr O +increases O +> O +or O += O +25 O +% O +were O +9 O +. O +8 O +% O +and O +12 O +. O +4 O +% O +, O +respectively O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +44 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +patients O +with O +diabetes O +, O +SCr O +increases O +> O +or O += O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +were O +5 O +. O +1 O +% O +( O +4 O +of O +78 O +patients O +) O +with O +iopamidol B-Chemical +and O +13 O +. O +0 O +% O +( O +12 O +of O +92 O +patients O +) O +with O +iodixanol B-Chemical +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +11 O +) O +, O +whereas O +SCr O +increases O +> O +or O += O +25 O +% O +were O +10 O +. O +3 O +% O +and O +15 O +. O +2 O +% O +, O +respectively O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +37 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Mean O +post O +- O +SCr O +increases O +were O +significantly O +less O +with O +iopamidol B-Chemical +( O +all O +patients O +: O +0 O +. O +07 O +versus O +0 O +. O +12 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +, O +6 O +. O +2 O +versus O +10 O +. O +6 O +micromol O +/ O +L O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +03 O +; O +patients O +with O +diabetes O +: O +0 O +. O +07 O +versus O +0 O +. O +16 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +, O +6 O +. O +2 O +versus O +14 O +. O +1 O +micromol O +/ O +L O +, O +P O += O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +The O +rate O +of O +contrast O +- O +induced O +nephropathy O +, O +defined O +by O +multiple O +end O +points O +, O +is O +not O +statistically O +different O +after O +the O +intraarterial O +administration O +of O +iopamidol B-Chemical +or O +iodixanol B-Chemical +to O +high O +- O +risk O +patients O +, O +with O +or O +without O +diabetes O +mellitus O +. O + +aps B-category +Any O +true O +difference O +between O +the O +agents O +is O +small O +and O +not O +likely O +to O +be O +clinically O +significant O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +novel O +compound O +, O +maltolyl B-Chemical +p I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +coumarate I-Chemical +, O +attenuates O +cognitive O +deficits O +and O +shows O +neuroprotective O +effects O +in O +vitro O +and O +in O +vivo O +dementia O +models O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +develop O +a O +novel O +and O +effective O +drug O +that O +could O +enhance O +cognitive O +function O +and O +neuroprotection O +, O +we O +newly O +synthesized O +maltolyl B-Chemical +p I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +coumarate I-Chemical +by O +the O +esterification O +of O +maltol B-Chemical +and O +p B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +coumaric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +present O +study O +, O +we O +investigated O +whether O +maltolyl B-Chemical +p I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +coumarate I-Chemical +could O +improve O +cognitive O +decline O +in O +scopolamine B-Chemical +- O +injected O +rats O +and O +in O +amyloid B-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +peptide I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +42 I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- O +infused O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Maltolyl B-Chemical +p I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +coumarate I-Chemical +was O +found O +to O +attenuate O +cognitive O +deficits O +in O +both O +rat O +models O +using O +passive O +avoidance O +test O +and O +to O +reduce O +apoptotic O +cell O +death O +observed O +in O +the O +hippocampus O +of O +the O +amyloid B-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +peptide I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +42 I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- O +infused O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +also O +examined O +the O +neuroprotective O +effects O +of O +maltolyl B-Chemical +p I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +coumarate I-Chemical +in O +vitro O +using O +SH O +- O +SY5Y O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Cells O +were O +pretreated O +with O +maltolyl B-Chemical +p I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +coumarate I-Chemical +, O +before O +exposed O +to O +amyloid B-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +peptide I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +42 I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +, O +glutamate B-Chemical +or O +H2O2 B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +found O +that O +maltolyl B-Chemical +p I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +coumarate I-Chemical +significantly O +decreased O +apoptotic O +cell O +death O +and O +reduced O +reactive O +oxygen O +species O +, O +cytochrome O +c O +release O +, O +and O +caspase O +3 O +activation O +. O + +aps B-category +Taking O +these O +in O +vitro O +and O +in O +vivo O +results O +together O +, O +our O +study O +suggests O +that O +maltolyl B-Chemical +p I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +coumarate I-Chemical +is O +a O +potentially O +effective O +candidate O +against O +Alzheimer O +' O +s O +disease O +that O +is O +characterized O +by O +wide O +spread O +neuronal O +death O +and O +progressive O +decline O +of O +cognitive O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +Attenuation O +of O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nigrostriatal O +dopaminergic O +neurotoxicity O +in O +mice O +by O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +pretreatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Immunological O +activation O +has O +been O +proposed O +to O +play O +a O +role O +in O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +dopaminergic O +terminal O +damage O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +study O +, O +we O +examined O +the O +roles O +of O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +, O +a O +pro O +- O +inflammatory O +and O +inflammatory O +factor O +, O +treatment O +in O +modulating O +the O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nigrostriatal O +dopamine B-Chemical +neurotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +pretreatment O +did O +not O +affect O +the O +basal O +body O +temperature O +or O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +- O +elicited O +hyperthermia O +three O +days O +later O +. O + +aps B-category +Such O +systemic O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +treatment O +mitigated O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +striatal O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +3 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dihydroxyphenylacetic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +depletions O +in O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +manner O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +the O +most O +potent O +dose O +( O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +of O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +was O +administered O +two O +weeks O +, O +one O +day O +before O +or O +after O +the O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +dosing O +regimen O +, O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +striatal O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +3 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dihydroxyphenylacetic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +depletions O +remained O +unaltered O +. O + +aps B-category +Moreover O +, O +systemic O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +pretreatment O +( O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +attenuated O +local O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +infusion O +- O +produced O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +3 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dihydroxyphenylacetic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +depletions O +in O +the O +striatum O +, O +indicating O +that O +the O +protective O +effect O +of O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +is O +less O +likely O +due O +to O +interrupted O +peripheral O +distribution O +or O +metabolism O +of O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +concluded O +a O +critical O +time O +window O +for O +systemic O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +pretreatment O +in O +exerting O +effective O +protection O +against O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nigrostriatal O +dopamine B-Chemical +neurotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +myocarditis O +associated O +with O +clozapine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +A O +case O +of O +acute O +myocarditis O +associated O +with O +the O +commencement O +of O +clozapine B-Chemical +is O +described O +, O +highlighting O +the O +onset O +, O +course O +and O +possible O +contributing O +factors O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +is O +an O +urgent O +need O +to O +raise O +awareness O +about O +this O +potentially O +fatal O +complication O +of O +clozapine B-Chemical +use O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +A O +20 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +male O +with O +schizophrenia O +developed O +a O +sudden O +onset O +of O +myocarditis O +after O +commencement O +of O +clozapine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +recovered O +with O +intensive O +medical O +support O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +symptoms O +occurred O +around O +2 O +weeks O +after O +starting O +clozapine B-Chemical +in O +an O +inpatient O +setting O +. O + +aps B-category +Possible O +contributing O +factors O +may O +have O +been O +concomitant O +antidepressant B-Chemical +use O +and O +unaccustomed O +physical O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Myocarditis O +is O +an O +increasingly O +recognized O +complication O +associated O +with O +the O +use O +of O +clozapine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +can O +be O +fatal O +if O +not O +recognized O +and O +treated O +early O +. O + +aps B-category +Considering O +that O +clozapine B-Chemical +remains O +the O +gold O +standard O +in O +treatment O +of O +resistant O +psychosis O +, O +there O +is O +an O +urgent O +need O +to O +raise O +awareness O +among O +medical O +and O +paramedical O +staff O +involved O +in O +the O +care O +of O +these O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +are O +also O +implications O +for O +recommendations O +and O +regulations O +regarding O +the O +use O +of O +clozapine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Severe O +rhabdomyolysis O +and O +acute O +renal O +failure O +secondary O +to O +concomitant O +use O +of O +simvastatin B-Chemical +, O +amiodarone B-Chemical +, O +and O +atazanavir B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +report O +a O +case O +of O +a O +severe O +interaction O +between O +simvastatin B-Chemical +, O +amiodarone B-Chemical +, O +and O +atazanavir B-Chemical +resulting O +in O +rhabdomyolysis O +and O +acute O +renal O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +A O +72 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +white O +man O +with O +underlying O +human O +immunodeficiency O +virus O +, O +atrial O +fibrillation O +, O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +, O +and O +hyperlipidemia O +presented O +with O +generalized O +pain O +, O +fatigue O +, O +and O +dark O +orange O +urine O +for O +3 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +was O +taking O +80 O +mg O +simvastatin B-Chemical +at O +bedtime O +( O +initiated O +27 O +days O +earlier O +) O +; O +amiodarone B-Chemical +at O +a O +dose O +of O +400 O +mg O +daily O +for O +7 O +days O +, O +then O +200 O +mg O +daily O +( O +initiated O +19 O +days O +earlier O +) O +; O +and O +400 O +mg O +atazanavir B-Chemical +daily O +( O +initiated O +at O +least O +2 O +years O +previously O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Laboratory O +evaluation O +revealed O +66 O +, O +680 O +U O +/ O +L O +creatine B-Chemical +kinase O +, O +93 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +blood B-Chemical +urea I-Chemical +nitrogen I-Chemical +, O +4 O +. O +6 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +creatinine B-Chemical +, O +1579 O +U O +/ O +L O +aspartate B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +, O +and O +738 O +U O +/ O +L O +alanine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +. O + +aps B-category +Simvastatin B-Chemical +, O +amiodarone B-Chemical +, O +and O +the O +patient O +' O +s O +human O +immunodeficiency O +virus O +medications O +were O +all O +temporarily O +discontinued O +and O +the O +patient O +was O +given O +forced O +alkaline O +diuresis O +and O +started O +on O +dialysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Nine O +days O +later O +the O +patient O +' O +s O +creatine B-Chemical +kinase O +had O +dropped O +to O +1695 O +U O +/ O +L O +and O +creatinine B-Chemical +was O +3 O +. O +3 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +was O +discharged O +and O +continued O +outpatient O +dialysis O +for O +1 O +month O +until O +his O +renal O +function O +recovered O +. O + +aps B-category +DISCUSSION O +: O +The O +risk O +of O +rhabdomyolysis O +is O +increased O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +concomitant O +drugs O +that O +inhibit O +simvastatin B-Chemical +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +Simvastatin B-Chemical +is O +metabolized O +by O +CYP3A4 O +. O + +aps B-category +Amiodarone B-Chemical +and O +atazanavir B-Chemical +are O +recognized O +CYP3A4 O +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Pharmacokinetic O +differences O +in O +statins B-Chemical +are O +an O +important O +consideration O +for O +assessing O +the O +risk O +of O +potential O +drug O +interactions O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +patients O +requiring O +the O +concurrent O +use O +of O +statins B-Chemical +and O +CYP3A4 O +inhibitors O +, O +pravastatin B-Chemical +, O +fluvastatin B-Chemical +, O +and O +rosuvastatin B-Chemical +carry O +the O +lowest O +risk O +of O +drug O +interactions O +; O +atorvastatin B-Chemical +carries O +moderate O +risk O +, O +whereas O +simvastatin B-Chemical +and O +lovastatin B-Chemical +have O +the O +highest O +risk O +and O +should O +be O +avoided O +in O +patients O +taking O +concomitant O +CYP3A4 O +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +Interaction O +between O +warfarin B-Chemical +and O +levofloxacin B-Chemical +: O +case O +series O +. O + +aps B-category +Warfarin B-Chemical +is O +the O +most O +widely O +used O +oral O +anticoagulant O +and O +is O +indicated O +for O +many O +clinical O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +Levofloxacin B-Chemical +, O +a O +fluoroquinolone B-Chemical +, O +is O +one O +of O +the O +most O +commonly O +prescribed O +antibiotics O +in O +clinical O +practice O +and O +is O +effective O +against O +Gram O +- O +positive O +, O +Gram O +- O +negative O +, O +and O +atypical O +bacteria O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +small O +prospective O +studies O +have O +not O +revealed O +any O +significant O +drug O +- O +drug O +interaction O +between O +warfarin B-Chemical +and O +levofloxacin B-Chemical +, O +several O +case O +reports O +have O +indicated O +that O +levofloxacin B-Chemical +may O +significantly O +potentiate O +the O +anticoagulation O +effect O +of O +warfarin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +3 O +cases O +of O +serious O +bleeding O +complications O +that O +appear O +to O +be O +the O +result O +of O +the O +interaction O +between O +warfarin B-Chemical +and O +levofloxacin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Physicians O +should O +be O +aware O +of O +this O +potential O +interaction O +and O +use O +caution O +when O +prescribing O +levofloxacin B-Chemical +to O +patients O +taking O +warfarin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Mutations O +associated O +with O +lamivudine B-Chemical +- O +resistance O +in O +therapy O +- O +na B-Chemical +ve O +hepatitis O +B O +virus O +( O +HBV O +) O +infected O +patients O +with O +and O +without O +HIV O +co O +- O +infection O +: O +implications O +for O +antiretroviral O +therapy O +in O +HBV O +and O +HIV O +co O +- O +infected O +South O +African O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +was O +an O +exploratory O +study O +to O +investigate O +lamivudine B-Chemical +- O +resistant O +hepatitis O +B O +virus O +( O +HBV O +) O +strains O +in O +selected O +lamivudine B-Chemical +- O +na B-Chemical +ve O +HBV O +carriers O +with O +and O +without O +human O +immunodeficiency O +virus O +( O +HIV O +) O +co O +- O +infection O +in O +South O +African O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Thirty O +- O +five O +lamivudine B-Chemical +- O +na B-Chemical +ve O +HBV O +infected O +patients O +with O +or O +without O +HIV O +co O +- O +infection O +were O +studied O +: O +15 O +chronic O +HBV O +mono O +- O +infected O +patients O +and O +20 O +HBV O +- O +HIV O +co O +- O +infected O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +latter O +group O +was O +further O +sub O +- O +divided O +into O +13 O +occult O +HBV O +( O +HBsAg B-Chemical +- O +negative O +) O +and O +7 O +overt O +HBV O +( O +HBsAg B-Chemical +- O +positive O +) O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +HBsAg B-Chemical +, O +anti O +- O +HBs O +, O +anti O +- O +HBc O +, O +and O +anti O +- O +HIV O +1 O +/ O +2 O +were O +determined O +as O +part O +of O +routine O +diagnosis O +using O +Axsym O +assays O +( O +Abbott O +Laboratories O +, O +North O +Chicago O +, O +IL O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +samples O +were O +PCR O +amplified O +with O +HBV O +reverse O +transcriptase O +( O +RT O +) O +primers O +, O +followed O +by O +direct O +sequencing O +across O +the O +tyrosine B-Chemical +- O +methionine B-Chemical +- O +aspartate B-Chemical +- O +aspartate B-Chemical +( O +YMDD O +) O +motif O +of O +the O +major O +catalytic O +region O +in O +the O +C O +domain O +of O +the O +HBV O +RT O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +HBV O +viral O +load O +was O +performed O +with O +Amplicor O +HBV O +Monitor O +test O +v2 O +. O +0 O +( O +Roche O +Diagnostics O +, O +Penzberg O +, O +Germany O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +HBV O +lamivudine B-Chemical +- O +resistant O +strains O +were O +detected O +in O +3 O +of O +15 O +mono O +- O +infected O +chronic O +hepatitis O +B O +patients O +and O +10 O +of O +20 O +HBV O +- O +HIV O +co O +- O +infected O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +the O +best O +of O +our O +knowledge O +, O +this O +constitutes O +the O +first O +report O +of O +HBV O +lamivudine B-Chemical +- O +resistant O +strains O +in O +therapy O +- O +na B-Chemical +ve O +HBV O +- O +HIV O +co O +- O +infected O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +HBV O +viral O +loads O +for O +mono O +- O +infected O +and O +co O +- O +infected O +patients O +ranged O +from O +3 O +. O +32 O +x O +10 O +( O +2 O +) O +to O +3 O +. O +82 O +x O +10 O +( O +7 O +) O +and O +< O +200 O +to O +4 O +. O +40 O +x O +10 O +( O +3 O +) O +copies O +/ O +ml O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +remains O +to O +be O +seen O +whether O +such O +pre O +- O +existing O +antiviral O +mutations O +could O +result O +in O +widespread O +emergence O +of O +HBV O +resistant O +strains O +when O +lamivudine B-Chemical +- O +containing O +highly O +active O +antiretroviral O +( O +ARV O +) O +treatment O +( O +HAART O +) O +regimens O +become O +widely O +applied O +in O +South O +Africa O +, O +as O +this O +is O +likely O +to O +have O +potential O +implications O +in O +the O +management O +of O +HBV O +- O +HIV O +co O +- O +infected O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Rabbit O +syndrome O +, O +antidepressant B-Chemical +use O +, O +and O +cerebral O +perfusion O +SPECT O +scan O +findings O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rabbit O +syndrome O +is O +an O +extrapyramidal O +side O +effect O +associated O +with O +chronic O +neuroleptic O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Its O +occurrence O +in O +a O +patient O +being O +treated O +with O +imipramine B-Chemical +is O +described O +, O +representing O +the O +first O +reported O +case O +of O +this O +syndrome O +in O +conjunction O +with O +antidepressants B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Repeated O +cerebral O +perfusion O +SPECT O +scans O +revealed O +decreased O +basal O +ganglia O +perfusion O +while O +the O +movement O +disorder O +was O +present O +, O +and O +a O +return O +to O +normal O +perfusion O +when O +the O +rabbit O +syndrome O +resolved O +. O + +aps B-category +Estrogen O +prevents O +cholesteryl B-Chemical +ester I-Chemical +accumulation O +in O +macrophages O +induced O +by O +the O +HIV O +protease O +inhibitor O +ritonavir B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Individuals O +with O +HIV O +can O +now O +live O +long O +lives O +with O +drug O +therapy O +that O +often O +includes O +protease O +inhibitors O +such O +as O +ritonavir B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Many O +patients O +, O +however O +, O +develop O +negative O +long O +- O +term O +side O +effects O +such O +as O +premature O +atherosclerosis O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +previously O +demonstrated O +that O +ritonavir B-Chemical +treatment O +increases O +atherosclerotic O +lesion O +formation O +in O +male O +mice O +to O +a O +greater O +extent O +than O +in O +female O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +peripheral O +blood O +monocytes O +isolated O +from O +ritonavir B-Chemical +- O +treated O +females O +had O +less O +cholesteryl B-Chemical +ester I-Chemical +accumulation O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +present O +study O +, O +we O +have O +investigated O +the O +molecular O +mechanisms O +by O +which O +female O +hormones O +influence O +cholesterol B-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +macrophages O +in O +response O +to O +the O +HIV O +protease O +inhibitor O +ritonavir B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +utilized O +the O +human O +monocyte O +cell O +line O +, O +THP O +- O +1 O +as O +a O +model O +to O +address O +this O +question O +. O + +aps B-category +Briefly O +, O +cells O +were O +differentiated O +for O +72 O +h O +with O +100 O +nM O +PMA O +to O +obtain O +a O +macrophage O +- O +like O +phenotype O +in O +the O +presence O +or O +absence O +of O +1 O +nM O +17beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +estradiol I-Chemical +( O +E2 B-Chemical +) O +, O +100 O +nM O +progesterone B-Chemical +or O +vehicle O +( O +0 O +. O +01 O +% O +ethanol B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Cells O +were O +then O +treated O +with O +30 O +ng O +/ O +ml O +ritonavir B-Chemical +or O +vehicle O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +aggregated O +LDL O +for O +24 O +h O +. O + +aps B-category +Cell O +extracts O +were O +harvested O +, O +and O +lipid O +or O +total O +RNA O +was O +isolated O +. O + +aps B-category +E2 B-Chemical +decreased O +the O +accumulation O +of O +cholesteryl B-Chemical +esters I-Chemical +in O +macrophages O +following O +ritonavir B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Ritonavir B-Chemical +increased O +the O +expression O +of O +the O +scavenger O +receptor O +, O +CD36 O +mRNA O +, O +responsible O +for O +the O +uptake O +of O +LDL O +. O + +aps B-category +Additionally O +, O +ritonavir B-Chemical +treatment O +selectively O +increased O +the O +relative O +levels O +of O +PPARgamma O +mRNA O +, O +a O +transcription O +factor O +responsible O +for O +the O +regulation O +of O +CD36 O +mRNA O +expression O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +with O +E2 B-Chemical +, O +however O +, O +failed O +to O +prevent O +these O +increases O +at O +the O +mRNA O +level O +. O + +aps B-category +E2 B-Chemical +did O +, O +however O +, O +significantly O +suppress O +CD36 O +protein O +levels O +as O +measured O +by O +fluorescent O +immunocytochemistry O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +data O +suggests O +that O +E2 B-Chemical +modifies O +the O +expression O +of O +CD36 O +at O +the O +level O +of O +protein O +expression O +in O +monocyte O +- O +derived O +macrophages O +resulting O +in O +reduced O +cholesteryl B-Chemical +ester I-Chemical +accumulation O +following O +ritonavir B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +hepatitis O +attack O +after O +exposure O +to O +telithromycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +INTRODUCTION O +: O +Antibiotic O +- O +associated O +hepatotoxicity O +is O +rare O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +widespread O +use O +of O +antimicrobial O +agents O +, O +however O +, O +hepatic O +injury O +occurs O +frequently O +, O +and O +among O +adverse O +drug O +reactions O +, O +idiosyncratic O +reactions O +are O +the O +most O +serious O +. O + +aps B-category +CASE O +SUMMARY O +: O +A O +25 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +male O +patient O +, O +with O +a O +height O +of O +175 O +cm O +and O +weight O +of O +72 O +kg O +presented O +to O +Marmara O +University O +Hospital O +Emergency O +Department O +, O +Istanbul O +, O +Turkey O +, O +with O +5 O +days O +' O +history O +of O +jaundice O +, O +malaise O +, O +nausea O +, O +and O +vomiting O +. O + +aps B-category +He O +had O +been O +prescribed O +telithromycin B-Chemical +400 O +mg O +/ O +d O +PO O +to O +treat O +an O +upper O +respiratory O +tract O +infection O +7 O +days O +prior O +. O + +aps B-category +Admission O +laboratory O +tests O +were O +as O +follows O +: O +alanine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +, O +67 O +U O +/ O +L O +( O +reference O +range O +, O +10 O +- O +37 O +U O +/ O +L O +) O +; O +aspartate B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +, O +98 O +U O +/ O +L O +( O +10 O +- O +40 O +U O +/ O +L O +) O +; O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +, O +513 O +U O +/ O +L O +( O +0 O +- O +270 O +U O +/ O +L O +) O +; O +gamma O +- O +glutamyltransferase O +, O +32 O +U O +/ O +L O +( O +7 O +- O +49 O +U O +/ O +L O +) O +; O +amylase O +, O +46 O +U O +/ O +L O +( O +0 O +- O +220 O +U O +/ O +L O +) O +; O +total O +bilirubin B-Chemical +, O +20 O +. O +1 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +( O +0 O +. O +2 O +- O +1 O +. O +0 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +) O +; O +direct O +bilirubin B-Chemical +, O +14 O +. O +8 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +( O +0 O +- O +0 O +. O +3 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +) O +; O +and O +albumin O +, O +4 O +. O +7 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +( O +3 O +. O +5 O +- O +5 O +. O +4 O +mg O +/ O +dL O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +toxin O +, O +alcohol B-Chemical +, O +or O +other O +drugs O +were O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +had O +suffered O +a O +previous O +episode O +of O +" O +acute O +hepatitis O +of O +unknown O +origin O +, O +" O +that O +occurred O +after O +telithromycin B-Chemical +usage O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +incidents O +occurred O +within O +a O +year O +. O + +aps B-category +DISCUSSION O +: O +Telithromycin B-Chemical +is O +the O +first O +of O +the O +ketolide O +antibacterials O +to O +receive O +US O +Food O +and O +Drug O +Administration O +approval O +for O +clinical O +use O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +has O +been O +associated O +with O +infrequent O +and O +usually O +reversible O +severe O +hepatic O +dysfunction O +. O + +aps B-category +Based O +on O +a O +score O +of O +8 O +on O +the O +Naranjo O +adverse O +drug O +reaction O +probability O +scale O +, O +telithromycin B-Chemical +was O +the O +probable O +cause O +of O +acute O +hepatitis O +in O +this O +patient O +, O +and O +pathological O +findings O +suggested O +drug O +- O +induced O +toxic O +hepatitis O +. O + +aps B-category +Recurrence O +of O +hepatitis O +attack O +might O +have O +been O +avoided O +if O +the O +initial O +incident O +had O +been O +communicated O +to O +the O +attending O +physician O +who O +prescribed O +telithromycin B-Chemical +the O +second O +time O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Here O +we O +report O +a O +case O +of O +acute O +hepatitis O +probably O +associated O +with O +the O +administration O +of O +telithromycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +study O +on O +the O +effect O +of O +the O +duration O +of O +subcutaneous O +heparin B-Chemical +injection O +on O +bruising O +and O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +AIM O +: O +This O +study O +was O +carried O +out O +to O +determine O +the O +effect O +of O +injection O +duration O +on O +bruising O +and O +pain O +following O +the O +administration O +of O +the O +subcutaneous O +injection O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Although O +different O +methods O +to O +prevent O +bruising O +and O +pain O +following O +the O +subcutaneous O +injection O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +have O +been O +widely O +studied O +and O +described O +, O +the O +effect O +of O +injection O +duration O +on O +the O +occurrence O +of O +bruising O +and O +pain O +is O +little O +documented O +. O + +aps B-category +DESIGN O +: O +This O +study O +was O +designed O +as O +within O +- O +subject O +, O +quasi O +- O +experimental O +research O +. O + +aps B-category +METHOD O +: O +The O +sample O +for O +the O +study O +consisted O +of O +50 O +patients O +to O +whom O +subcutaneous O +heparin B-Chemical +was O +administered O +. O + +aps B-category +Heparin B-Chemical +was O +injected O +over O +10 O +seconds O +on O +the O +right O +abdominal O +site O +and O +30 O +seconds O +on O +the O +left O +abdominal O +site O +. O + +aps B-category +Injections O +areas O +were O +assessed O +for O +the O +presence O +of O +bruising O +at O +48 O +and O +72 O +hours O +after O +each O +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +Dimensions O +of O +the O +bruising O +on O +the O +heparin B-Chemical +applied O +areas O +were O +measured O +using O +transparent O +millimetric O +measuring O +paper O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +visual O +analog O +scale O +( O +VAS O +) O +was O +used O +to O +measure O +pain O +intensity O +and O +a O +stop O +- O +watch O +was O +used O +to O +time O +the O +pain O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +Data O +were O +analysed O +using O +chi O +- O +square O +test O +, O +Mann O +- O +Whitney O +U O +, O +Wilcoxon O +signed O +ranks O +tests O +and O +correlation O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +percentage O +of O +bruising O +occurrence O +was O +64 O +% O +with O +the O +injection O +of O +10 O +seconds O +duration O +and O +42 O +% O +in O +the O +30 O +- O +second O +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +determined O +that O +the O +size O +of O +the O +bruising O +was O +smaller O +in O +the O +30 O +- O +second O +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +Pain O +intensity O +and O +pain O +period O +were O +statistically O +significantly O +lower O +for O +the O +30 O +- O +second O +injection O +than O +for O +the O +10 O +- O +second O +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +It O +was O +determined O +that O +injection O +duration O +had O +an O +effect O +on O +bruising O +and O +pain O +following O +the O +subcutaneous O +administration O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +should O +be O +repeated O +on O +a O +larger O +sample O +. O + +aps B-category +RELEVANCE O +TO O +CLINICAL O +PRACTICE O +: O +When O +administering O +subcutaneous O +heparin B-Chemical +injections O +, O +it O +is O +important O +to O +extend O +the O +duration O +of O +the O +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +liver O +failure O +in O +two O +patients O +with O +regular O +alcohol B-Chemical +consumption O +ingesting O +paracetamol B-Chemical +at O +therapeutic O +dosage O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +The O +possible O +role O +of O +alcohol B-Chemical +in O +the O +development O +of O +hepatotoxicity O +associated O +with O +therapeutic O +doses O +of O +paracetamol B-Chemical +( O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +) O +is O +currently O +debated O +. O + +aps B-category +CASE O +REPORT O +: O +We O +describe O +2 O +patients O +who O +were O +regular O +consumers O +of O +alcohol B-Chemical +and O +who O +developed O +liver O +failure O +within O +3 O +- O +5 O +days O +after O +hospitalization O +and O +stopping O +alcohol B-Chemical +consumption O +while O +being O +treated O +with O +4 O +g O +paracetamol B-Chemical +/ O +day O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +paracetamol B-Chemical +serum O +level O +obtained O +in O +one O +of O +these O +patients O +was O +not O +in O +the O +toxic O +range O +. O + +aps B-category +Possible O +risk O +factors O +for O +the O +development O +of O +hepatotoxicity O +in O +patients O +treated O +with O +therapeutic O +doses O +of O +paracetamol B-Chemical +are O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +In O +patients O +with O +risk O +factors O +, O +e O +. O +g O +. O +regular O +consumption O +of O +alcohol B-Chemical +, O +liver O +failure O +is O +possible O +when O +therapeutic O +doses O +are O +ingested O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +propose O +that O +the O +paracetamol B-Chemical +dose O +should O +not O +exceed O +2 O +g O +/ O +day O +in O +such O +patients O +and O +that O +their O +liver O +function O +should O +be O +monitored O +closely O +while O +being O +treated O +with O +paracetamol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Associations O +between O +use O +of O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +or O +related O +drugs O +and O +health O +, O +physical O +abilities O +and O +cognitive O +function O +: O +a O +non O +- O +randomised O +clinical O +study O +in O +the O +elderly O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +describe O +associations O +between O +the O +use O +of O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +or O +related O +drugs O +( O +BZDs B-Chemical +/ O +RDs O +) O +and O +health O +, O +functional O +abilities O +and O +cognitive O +function O +in O +the O +elderly O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +A O +non O +- O +randomised O +clinical O +study O +of O +patients O +aged O +> O +or O += O +65 O +years O +admitted O +to O +acute O +hospital O +wards O +during O +1 O +month O +. O + +aps B-category +164 O +patients O +( O +mean O +age O ++ O +/ O +- O +standard O +deviation O +[ O +SD O +] O +81 O +. O +6 O ++ O +/ O +- O +6 O +. O +8 O +years O +) O +were O +admitted O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +these O +, O +nearly O +half O +( O +n O += O +78 O +) O +had O +used O +BZDs B-Chemical +/ O +RDs O +before O +admission O +, O +and O +the O +remainder O +( O +n O += O +86 O +) O +were O +non O +- O +users O +. O + +aps B-category +Cognitive O +ability O +was O +assessed O +by O +the O +Mini O +- O +Mental O +State O +Examination O +( O +MMSE O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +scoring O +> O +or O += O +20 O +MMSE O +sum O +points O +were O +interviewed O +( O +n O += O +79 O +) O +and O +questioned O +regarding O +symptoms O +and O +functional O +abilities O +during O +the O +week O +prior O +to O +admission O +. O + +aps B-category +Data O +on O +use O +of O +BZDs B-Chemical +/ O +RDs O +before O +admission O +, O +current O +medications O +and O +discharge O +diagnoses O +were O +collected O +from O +medical O +records O +. O + +aps B-category +Health O +, O +physical O +abilities O +and O +cognitive O +function O +were O +compared O +between O +BZD O +/ O +RD O +users O +and O +non O +- O +users O +, O +and O +adjustments O +were O +made O +for O +confounding O +variables O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +residual O +serum O +concentrations O +of O +oxazepam B-Chemical +, O +temazepam B-Chemical +and O +zopiclone B-Chemical +were O +analysed O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +mean O ++ O +/ O +- O +SD O +duration O +of O +BZD O +/ O +RD O +use O +was O +7 O ++ O +/ O +- O +7 O +years O +( O +range O +1 O +- O +31 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +or O +three O +BZDs B-Chemical +/ O +RDs O +were O +concomitantly O +taken O +by O +26 O +% O +of O +users O +( O +n O += O +20 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Long O +- O +term O +use O +of O +these O +drugs O +was O +associated O +with O +female O +sex O +and O +use O +of O +a O +higher O +number O +of O +drugs O +with O +effects O +on O +the O +CNS O +, O +which O +tended O +to O +be O +related O +to O +diagnosed O +dementia O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +adjustment O +for O +these O +variables O +as O +confounders O +, O +use O +of O +BZDs B-Chemical +/ O +RDs O +was O +not O +associated O +with O +cognitive O +function O +as O +measured O +by O +the O +MMSE O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +use O +of O +BZDs B-Chemical +/ O +RDs O +was O +associated O +with O +dizziness O +, O +inability O +to O +sleep O +after O +awaking O +at O +night O +and O +tiredness O +in O +the O +mornings O +during O +the O +week O +prior O +to O +admission O +and O +with O +stronger O +depressive O +symptoms O +measured O +at O +the O +beginning O +of O +the O +hospital O +stay O +. O + +aps B-category +Use O +of O +BZDs B-Chemical +/ O +RDs O +tended O +to O +be O +associated O +with O +a O +reduced O +ability O +to O +walk O +and O +shorter O +night O +- O +time O +sleep O +during O +the O +week O +prior O +to O +admission O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +higher O +residual O +serum O +concentration O +of O +temazepam B-Chemical +correlated O +with O +a O +lower O +MMSE O +sum O +score O +after O +adjustment O +for O +confounding O +variables O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Long O +- O +term O +use O +and O +concomitant O +use O +of O +more O +than O +one O +BZD O +/ O +RD O +were O +common O +in O +elderly O +patients O +hospitalised O +because O +of O +acute O +illnesses O +. O + +aps B-category +Long O +- O +term O +use O +was O +associated O +with O +daytime O +and O +night O +- O +time O +symptoms O +indicative O +of O +poorer O +health O +and O +potentially O +caused O +by O +the O +adverse O +effects O +of O +these O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +vocal O +fold O +palsy O +after O +acute O +disulfiram B-Chemical +intoxication O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +peripheral O +neuropathy O +caused O +by O +a O +disulfiram B-Chemical +overdose O +is O +very O +rare O +and O +there O +is O +no O +report O +of O +it O +leading O +to O +vocal O +fold O +palsy O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +49 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +was O +transferred O +to O +our O +department O +because O +of O +quadriparesis O +, O +lancinating O +pain O +, O +sensory O +loss O +, O +and O +paresthesia O +of O +the O +distal O +limbs O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +month O +previously O +, O +she O +had O +taken O +a O +single O +high O +dose O +of O +disulfiram B-Chemical +( O +130 O +tablets O +of O +ALCOHOL B-Chemical +STOP O +TAB O +, O +Shin O +- O +Poong O +Pharm O +. O +Co O +. O +, O +Ansan O +, O +Korea O +) O +in O +a O +suicide O +attempt O +. O + +aps B-category +She O +was O +not O +an O +alcoholic O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +the O +first O +few O +days O +after O +ingestion O +, O +she O +was O +in O +a O +confused O +state O +and O +had O +mild O +to O +moderate O +ataxia O +and O +giddiness O +. O + +aps B-category +She O +noticed O +hoarseness O +and O +distally O +accentuated O +motor O +and O +sensory O +dysfunction O +after O +she O +had O +recovered O +from O +this O +state O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +nerve O +conduction O +study O +was O +consistent O +with O +severe O +sensorimotor O +axonal O +polyneuropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Laryngeal O +electromyography O +( O +thyroarytenoid O +muscle O +) O +showed O +ample O +denervation O +potentials O +. O + +aps B-category +Laryngoscopy O +revealed O +asymmetric O +vocal O +fold O +movements O +during O +phonation O +. O + +aps B-category +Her O +vocal O +change O +and O +weakness O +began O +to O +improve O +spontaneously O +about O +3 O +weeks O +after O +transfer O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +was O +a O +case O +of O +acute O +palsy O +of O +the O +recurrent O +laryngeal O +nerve O +and O +superimposed O +severe O +acute O +sensorimotor O +axonal O +polyneuropathy O +caused O +by O +high O +- O +dose O +disulfiram B-Chemical +intoxication O +. O + +aps B-category +Encephalopathy O +induced O +by O +levetiracetam B-Chemical +added O +to O +valproate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +We O +report O +on O +the O +manifestation O +of O +a O +levetiracetam B-Chemical +( O +LEV B-Chemical +) O +- O +induced O +encephalopathy O +. O + +aps B-category +FINDINGS O +: O +A O +28 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +man O +suffering O +from O +idiopathic O +epilepsy O +with O +generalized O +seizures O +was O +treated O +with O +LEV B-Chemical +( O +3000 O +mg O +) O +added O +to O +valproate B-Chemical +( O +VPA B-Chemical +) O +( O +2000 O +mg O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Frequency O +of O +generalized O +tonic O +- O +clonic O +seizures O +increased O +from O +one O +per O +6 O +months O +to O +two O +per O +month O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuropsychological O +testing O +showed O +impaired O +word O +fluency O +, O +psychomotor O +speed O +and O +working O +memory O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +interictal O +electroencephalogram O +( O +EEG O +) O +showed O +a O +generalized O +slowing O +to O +5 O +per O +second O +theta O +rhythms O +with O +bilateral O +generalized O +high O +- O +amplitude O +discharges O +. O + +aps B-category +OUTCOME O +: O +Following O +discontinuation O +of O +LEV B-Chemical +, O +EEG O +and O +neuropsychological O +findings O +improved O +and O +seizure O +frequency O +decreased O +. O + +aps B-category +Norepinephrine B-Chemical +signaling O +through O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +receptors O +is O +critical O +for O +expression O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +anxiety O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Cocaine B-Chemical +is O +a O +widely O +abused O +psychostimulant O +that O +has O +both O +rewarding O +and O +aversive O +properties O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +the O +mechanisms O +underlying O +cocaine B-Chemical +' O +s O +rewarding O +effects O +have O +been O +studied O +extensively O +, O +less O +attention O +has O +been O +paid O +to O +the O +unpleasant O +behavioral O +states O +induced O +by O +cocaine B-Chemical +, O +such O +as O +anxiety O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +In O +this O +study O +, O +we O +evaluated O +the O +performance O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +beta O +- O +hydroxylase O +knockout O +( O +Dbh O +- O +/ O +- O +) O +mice O +, O +which O +lack O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +( O +NE B-Chemical +) O +, O +in O +the O +elevated O +plus O +maze O +( O +EPM O +) O +to O +examine O +the O +contribution O +of O +noradrenergic O +signaling O +to O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +anxiety O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +We O +found O +that O +cocaine B-Chemical +dose O +- O +dependently O +increased O +anxiety O +- O +like O +behavior O +in O +control O +( O +Dbh O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +mice O +, O +as O +measured O +by O +a O +decrease O +in O +open O +arm O +exploration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Dbh O +- O +/ O +- O +mice O +had O +normal O +baseline O +performance O +in O +the O +EPM O +but O +were O +completely O +resistant O +to O +the O +anxiogenic O +effects O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +anxiety O +was O +also O +attenuated O +in O +Dbh O ++ O +/ O +- O +mice O +following O +administration O +of O +disulfiram B-Chemical +, O +a O +dopamine B-Chemical +beta O +- O +hydroxylase O +( O +DBH O +) O +inhibitor O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +experiments O +using O +specific O +adrenergic O +antagonists O +, O +we O +found O +that O +pretreatment O +with O +the O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +receptor O +antagonist O +propranolol B-Chemical +blocked O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +anxiety O +- O +like O +behavior O +in O +Dbh O ++ O +/ O +- O +and O +wild O +- O +type O +C57BL6 O +/ O +J O +mice O +, O +while O +the O +alpha O +( O +1 O +) O +antagonist O +prazosin B-Chemical +and O +the O +alpha O +( O +2 O +) O +antagonist O +yohimbine B-Chemical +had O +no O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +These O +results O +indicate O +that O +noradrenergic O +signaling O +via O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +receptors O +is O +required O +for O +cocaine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +anxiety O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Hypothalamic O +prolactin O +receptor O +messenger O +ribonucleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +levels O +, O +prolactin O +signaling O +, O +and O +hyperprolactinemic O +inhibition O +of O +pulsatile O +luteinizing O +hormone O +secretion O +are O +dependent O +on O +estradiol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Hyperprolactinemia O +can O +reduce O +fertility O +and O +libido O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +central O +prolactin O +actions O +are O +thought O +to O +contribute O +to O +this O +, O +the O +mechanisms O +are O +poorly O +understood O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +first O +tested O +whether O +chronic O +hyperprolactinemia O +inhibited O +two O +neuroendocrine O +parameters O +necessary O +for O +female O +fertility O +: O +pulsatile O +LH O +secretion O +and O +the O +estrogen B-Chemical +- O +induced O +LH O +surge O +. O + +aps B-category +Chronic O +hyperprolactinemia O +induced O +by O +the O +dopamine B-Chemical +antagonist O +sulpiride B-Chemical +caused O +a O +40 O +% O +reduction O +LH O +pulse O +frequency O +in O +ovariectomized O +rats O +, O +but O +only O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +chronic O +low O +levels O +of O +estradiol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Sulpiride B-Chemical +did O +not O +affect O +the O +magnitude O +of O +a O +steroid B-Chemical +- O +induced O +LH O +surge O +or O +the O +percentage O +of O +GnRH O +neurons O +activated O +during O +the O +surge O +. O + +aps B-category +Estradiol B-Chemical +is O +known O +to O +influence O +expression O +of O +the O +long O +form O +of O +prolactin O +receptors O +( O +PRL O +- O +R O +) O +and O +components O +of O +prolactin O +' O +s O +signaling O +pathway O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +test O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +estrogen B-Chemical +increases O +PRL O +- O +R O +expression O +and O +sensitivity O +to O +prolactin O +, O +we O +next O +demonstrated O +that O +estradiol B-Chemical +greatly O +augments O +prolactin O +- O +induced O +STAT5 O +activation O +. O + +aps B-category +Lastly O +, O +we O +measured O +PRL O +- O +R O +and O +suppressor O +of O +cytokine O +signaling O +( O +SOCS O +- O +1 O +and O +- O +3 O +and O +CIS O +, O +which O +reflect O +the O +level O +of O +prolactin O +signaling O +) O +mRNAs O +in O +response O +to O +sulpiride B-Chemical +and O +estradiol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Sulpiride B-Chemical +induced O +only O +SOCS O +- O +1 O +in O +the O +medial O +preoptic O +area O +, O +where O +GnRH O +neurons O +are O +regulated O +, O +but O +in O +the O +arcuate O +nucleus O +and O +choroid O +plexus O +, O +PRL O +- O +R O +, O +SOCS O +- O +3 O +, O +and O +CIS O +mRNA O +levels O +were O +also O +induced O +. O + +aps B-category +Estradiol B-Chemical +enhanced O +these O +effects O +on O +SOCS O +- O +3 O +and O +CIS O +. O + +aps B-category +Interestingly O +, O +estradiol B-Chemical +also O +induced O +PRL O +- O +R O +, O +SOCS O +- O +3 O +, O +and O +CIS O +mRNA O +levels O +independently O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +show O +that O +GnRH O +pulse O +frequency O +is O +inhibited O +by O +chronic O +hyperprolactinemia O +in O +a O +steroid B-Chemical +- O +dependent O +manner O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +also O +provide O +evidence O +for O +estradiol B-Chemical +- O +dependent O +and O +brain O +region O +- O +specific O +regulation O +of O +PRL O +- O +R O +expression O +and O +signaling O +responses O +by O +prolactin O +. O + +aps B-category +Clonidine B-Chemical +for O +attention O +- O +deficit O +/ O +hyperactivity O +disorder O +: O +II O +. O + +aps B-category +ECG O +changes O +and O +adverse O +events O +analysis O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +examine O +the O +safety O +and O +tolerability O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +used O +alone O +or O +with O +methylphenidate B-Chemical +in O +children O +with O +attention O +- O +deficit O +/ O +hyperactivity O +disorder O +( O +ADHD O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +METHOD O +: O +In O +a O +16 O +- O +week O +multicenter O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +trial O +, O +122 O +children O +with O +ADHD O +were O +randomly O +assigned O +to O +clonidine B-Chemical +( O +n O += O +31 O +) O +, O +methylphenidate B-Chemical +( O +n O += O +29 O +) O +, O +clonidine B-Chemical +and O +methylphenidate B-Chemical +( O +n O += O +32 O +) O +, O +or O +placebo O +( O +n O += O +30 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Doses O +were O +flexibly O +titrated O +up O +to O +0 O +. O +6 O +mg O +/ O +day O +for O +clonidine B-Chemical +and O +60 O +mg O +/ O +day O +for O +methylphenidate B-Chemical +( O +both O +with O +divided O +dosing O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Groups O +were O +compared O +regarding O +adverse O +events O +and O +changes O +from O +baseline O +to O +week O +16 O +in O +electrocardiograms O +and O +vital O +signs O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +There O +were O +more O +incidents O +of O +bradycardia O +in O +subjects O +treated O +with O +clonidine B-Chemical +compared O +with O +those O +not O +treated O +with O +clonidine B-Chemical +( O +17 O +. O +5 O +% O +versus O +3 O +. O +4 O +% O +; O +p O += O +. O +02 O +) O +, O +but O +no O +other O +significant O +group O +differences O +regarding O +electrocardiogram O +and O +other O +cardiovascular O +outcomes O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +were O +no O +suggestions O +of O +interactions O +between O +clonidine B-Chemical +and O +methylphenidate B-Chemical +regarding O +cardiovascular O +outcomes O +. O + +aps B-category +Moderate O +or O +severe O +adverse O +events O +were O +more O +common O +in O +subjects O +on O +clonidine B-Chemical +( O +79 O +. O +4 O +% O +versus O +49 O +. O +2 O +% O +; O +p O += O +. O +0006 O +) O +but O +not O +associated O +with O +higher O +rates O +of O +early O +study O +withdrawal O +. O + +aps B-category +Drowsiness O +was O +common O +on O +clonidine B-Chemical +, O +but O +generally O +resolved O +by O +6 O +to O +8 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Clonidine B-Chemical +, O +used O +alone O +or O +with O +methylphenidate B-Chemical +, O +appears O +safe O +and O +well O +tolerated O +in O +childhood O +ADHD O +. O + +aps B-category +Physicians O +prescribing O +clonidine B-Chemical +should O +monitor O +for O +bradycardia O +and O +advise O +patients O +about O +the O +high O +likelihood O +of O +initial O +drowsiness O +. O + +aps B-category +Renal O +Fanconi O +syndrome O +and O +myopathy O +after O +liver O +transplantation O +: O +drug O +- O +related O +mitochondrial O +cytopathy O +? O + +aps B-category +Advances O +in O +the O +field O +of O +transplantation O +provide O +a O +better O +quality O +of O +life O +and O +allow O +more O +favorable O +conditions O +for O +growth O +and O +development O +in O +children O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +combinations O +of O +different O +therapeutic O +regimens O +require O +consideration O +of O +potential O +adverse O +reactions O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +a O +15 O +- O +yr O +- O +old O +girl O +who O +had O +orthotopic O +liver O +transplantation O +because O +of O +Wilson O +' O +s O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Tacrolimus B-Chemical +, O +MMF B-Chemical +, O +and O +steroids B-Chemical +were O +given O +as O +immunosuppressant O +. O + +aps B-category +Lamivudine B-Chemical +was O +added O +because O +of O +de O +nova O +hepatitis O +B O +infection O +during O +her O +follow O +- O +up O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +yr O +after O +transplantation O +she O +developed O +renal O +Fanconi O +syndrome O +with O +severe O +metabolic O +acidosis O +, O +hypophosphatemia O +, O +glycosuria O +, O +and O +aminoaciduria O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +was O +suspected O +to O +be O +the O +cause O +of O +late O +post O +- O +transplant O +renal O +acidosis O +and O +was O +replaced O +by O +sirolimus B-Chemical +, O +acidosis O +, O +and O +electrolyte O +imbalance O +got O +worse O +. O + +aps B-category +Proximal O +muscle O +weakness O +has O +developed O +during O +her O +follow O +- O +up O +. O + +aps B-category +Fanconi O +syndrome O +, O +as O +well O +as O +myopathy O +, O +is O +well O +recognized O +in O +patients O +with O +mitochondrial O +disorders O +and O +caused O +by O +depletion O +of O +mtDNA O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +suggest O +that O +our O +patient O +' O +s O +tubular O +dysfunction O +and O +myopathy O +may O +have O +resulted O +from O +mitochondrial O +dysfunction O +which O +is O +triggered O +by O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +and O +augmented O +by O +lamivudine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Higher O +optical O +density O +of O +an O +antigen O +assay O +predicts O +thrombosis O +in O +patients O +with O +heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thrombocytopenia O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVES O +: O +To O +correlate O +optical O +density O +and O +percent O +inhibition O +of O +a O +two O +- O +step O +heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thrombocytopenia O +( O +HIT O +) O +antigen O +assay O +with O +thrombosis O +; O +the O +assay O +utilizes O +reaction O +inhibition O +characteristics O +of O +a O +high O +heparin B-Chemical +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +PATIENTS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +Patients O +with O +more O +than O +50 O +% O +decrease O +in O +platelet O +count O +or O +thrombocytopenia O +( O +< O +150 O +x O +10 O +( O +9 O +) O +/ O +L O +) O +after O +exposure O +to O +heparin B-Chemical +, O +who O +had O +a O +positive O +two O +- O +step O +antigen O +assay O +[ O +optical O +density O +( O +OD O +) O +> O +0 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +bronchodilator O +effects O +of O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +ipratropium B-Chemical +bromide I-Chemical +aerosol O +( O +36 O +micrograms O +) O +and O +short O +- O +acting O +theophylline B-Chemical +tablets O +( O +dose O +titrated O +to O +produce O +serum O +levels O +of O +10 O +- O +20 O +micrograms O +/ O +mL O +) O +were O +compared O +in O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +, O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +crossover O +study O +in O +21 O +patients O +with O +stable O +, O +chronic O +obstructive O +pulmonary O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Mean O +peak O +forced O +expiratory O +volume O +in O +1 O +second O +( O +FEV1 O +) O +increases O +over O +baseline O +and O +the O +proportion O +of O +patients O +attaining O +at O +least O +a O +15 O +% O +increase O +in O +the O +FEV1 O +( O +responders O +) O +were O +31 O +% O +and O +90 O +% O +, O +respectively O +, O +for O +ipratropium B-Chemical +and O +17 O +% O +and O +50 O +% O +, O +respectively O +, O +for O +theophylline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +average O +FEV1 O +increases O +during O +the O +6 O +- O +hour O +observation O +period O +were O +18 O +% O +for O +ipratropium B-Chemical +and O +8 O +% O +for O +theophylline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +duration O +of O +action O +was O +3 O +. O +8 O +hours O +with O +ipratropium B-Chemical +and O +2 O +. O +4 O +hours O +with O +theophylline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +While O +side O +effects O +were O +rare O +, O +those O +experienced O +after O +theophylline B-Chemical +use O +did O +involve O +the O +cardiovascular O +and O +gastrointestinal O +systems O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +show O +that O +ipratropium B-Chemical +is O +a O +more O +potent O +bronchodilator O +than O +oral O +theophylline B-Chemical +in O +patients O +with O +chronic O +airflow O +obstruction O +. O + +aps B-category +Methamphetamine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +neurotoxicity O +and O +microglial O +activation O +are O +not O +mediated O +by O +fractalkine O +receptor O +signaling O +. O + +aps B-category +Methamphetamine B-Chemical +( O +METH B-Chemical +) O +damages O +dopamine B-Chemical +( O +DA B-Chemical +) O +nerve O +endings O +by O +a O +process O +that O +has O +been O +linked O +to O +microglial O +activation O +but O +the O +signaling O +pathways O +that O +mediate O +this O +response O +have O +not O +yet O +been O +delineated O +. O + +aps B-category +Cardona O +et O +al O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Nat O +. O +Neurosci O +. O +9 O +( O +2006 O +) O +, O +917 O +] O +recently O +identified O +the O +microglial O +- O +specific O +fractalkine O +receptor O +( O +CX3CR1 O +) O +as O +an O +important O +mediator O +of O +MPTP B-Chemical +- O +induced O +neurodegeneration O +of O +DA B-Chemical +neurons O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +the O +CNS O +damage O +caused O +by O +METH B-Chemical +and O +MPTP B-Chemical +is O +highly O +selective O +for O +the O +DA B-Chemical +neuronal O +system O +in O +mouse O +models O +of O +neurotoxicity O +, O +we O +hypothesized O +that O +the O +CX3CR1 O +plays O +a O +role O +in O +METH B-Chemical +- O +induced O +neurotoxicity O +and O +microglial O +activation O +. O + +aps B-category +Mice O +in O +which O +the O +CX3CR1 O +gene O +has O +been O +deleted O +and O +replaced O +with O +a O +cDNA O +encoding O +enhanced O +green O +fluorescent O +protein O +( O +eGFP O +) O +were O +treated O +with O +METH B-Chemical +and O +examined O +for O +striatal O +neurotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +METH B-Chemical +depleted O +DA B-Chemical +, O +caused O +microglial O +activation O +, O +and O +increased O +body O +temperature O +in O +CX3CR1 O +knockout O +mice O +to O +the O +same O +extent O +and O +over O +the O +same O +time O +course O +seen O +in O +wild O +- O +type O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +METH B-Chemical +in O +CX3CR1 O +knockout O +mice O +were O +not O +gender O +- O +dependent O +and O +did O +not O +extend O +beyond O +the O +striatum O +. O + +aps B-category +Striatal O +microglia O +expressing O +eGFP O +constitutively O +show O +morphological O +changes O +after O +METH B-Chemical +that O +are O +characteristic O +of O +activation O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +response O +was O +restricted O +to O +the O +striatum O +and O +contrasted O +sharply O +with O +unresponsive O +eGFP O +- O +microglia O +in O +surrounding O +brain O +areas O +that O +are O +not O +damaged O +by O +METH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +from O +these O +studies O +that O +CX3CR1 O +signaling O +does O +not O +modulate O +METH B-Chemical +neurotoxicity O +or O +microglial O +activation O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +it O +appears O +that O +striatal O +- O +resident O +microglia O +respond O +to O +METH B-Chemical +with O +an O +activation O +cascade O +and O +then O +return O +to O +a O +surveying O +state O +without O +undergoing O +apoptosis O +or O +migration O +. O + +aps B-category +Nicotine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nystagmus O +correlates O +with O +midpontine O +activation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pathomechanism O +of O +nicotine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nystagmus O +( O +NIN O +) O +is O +unknown O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +delineate O +brain O +structures O +that O +are O +involved O +in O +NIN O +generation O +. O + +aps B-category +Eight O +healthy O +volunteers O +inhaled O +nicotine B-Chemical +in O +darkness O +during O +a O +functional O +magnetic O +resonance O +imaging O +( O +fMRI O +) O +experiment O +; O +eye O +movements O +were O +registered O +using O +video O +- O +oculography O +. O + +aps B-category +NIN O +correlated O +with O +blood O +oxygen B-Chemical +level O +- O +dependent O +( O +BOLD O +) O +activity O +levels O +in O +a O +midpontine O +site O +in O +the O +posterior O +basis O +pontis O +. O + +aps B-category +NIN O +- O +induced O +midpontine O +activation O +may O +correspond O +to O +activation O +of O +the O +dorsomedial O +pontine O +nuclei O +and O +the O +nucleus O +reticularis O +tegmenti O +pontis O +, O +structures O +known O +to O +participate O +in O +the O +generation O +of O +multidirectional O +saccades O +and O +smooth O +pursuit O +eye O +movements O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +effects O +of O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propylpentanoyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +urea I-Chemical +on O +hippocampal O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +neurotransmitters O +in O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +seizure O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +study O +aimed O +to O +investigate O +the O +anticonvulsant O +activity O +as O +well O +as O +the O +effects O +on O +the O +level O +of O +hippocampal O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +neurotransmitters O +( O +glutamate B-Chemical +, O +aspartate B-Chemical +, O +glycine B-Chemical +and O +GABA B-Chemical +) O +of O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propylpentanoyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +urea I-Chemical +( O +VPU B-Chemical +) O +in O +comparison O +to O +its O +parent O +compound O +, O +valproic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +VPA B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +VPU B-Chemical +was O +more O +potent O +than O +VPA B-Chemical +, O +exhibiting O +the O +median O +effective O +dose O +( O +ED O +( O +50 O +) O +) O +of O +49 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +in O +protecting O +rats O +against O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +seizure O +whereas O +the O +corresponding O +value O +for O +VPA B-Chemical +was O +322 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +vivo O +microdialysis O +demonstrated O +that O +an O +intraperitoneal O +administration O +of O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +induced O +a O +pronounced O +increment O +of O +hippocampal O +glutamate B-Chemical +and O +aspartate B-Chemical +whereas O +no O +significant O +change O +was O +observed O +on O +the O +level O +of O +glycine B-Chemical +and O +GABA B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Pretreatment O +with O +either O +VPU B-Chemical +( O +50 O +and O +100 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +or O +VPA B-Chemical +( O +300 O +and O +600 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +completely O +abolished O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +evoked O +increases O +in O +extracellular O +glutamate B-Chemical +and O +aspartate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +a O +statistically O +significant O +reduction O +was O +also O +observed O +on O +the O +level O +of O +GABA B-Chemical +and O +glycine B-Chemical +but O +less O +than O +a O +drastic O +reduction O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +and O +aspartate B-Chemical +level O +. O + +aps B-category +Based O +on O +the O +finding O +that O +VPU B-Chemical +and O +VPA B-Chemical +could O +protect O +the O +animals O +against O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +seizure O +it O +is O +suggested O +that O +the O +reduction O +of O +inhibitory O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +neurotransmitters O +was O +comparatively O +minor O +and O +offset O +by O +a O +pronounced O +reduction O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +and O +aspartate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +like O +VPA B-Chemical +, O +the O +finding O +that O +VPU B-Chemical +could O +drastically O +reduce O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +increases O +in O +glutamate B-Chemical +and O +aspartate B-Chemical +should O +account O +, O +at O +least O +partly O +, O +for O +its O +anticonvulsant O +activity O +observed O +in O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +seizure O +in O +experimental O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +other O +mechanism O +than O +those O +being O +reported O +herein O +should O +be O +further O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Protective O +effect O +of O +verapamil B-Chemical +on O +gastric O +hemorrhagic O +ulcers O +in O +severe O +atherosclerotic O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +concerning O +with O +pathogenesis O +of O +gastric O +hemorrhage O +and O +mucosal O +ulceration O +produced O +in O +atherosclerotic O +rats O +are O +lacking O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +this O +study O +is O +to O +examine O +the O +role O +of O +gastric O +acid O +back O +- O +diffusion O +, O +mast O +cell O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +, O +lipid O +peroxide O +( O +LPO O +) O +generation O +and O +mucosal O +microvascular O +permeability O +in O +modulating O +gastric O +hemorrhage O +and O +ulcer O +in O +rats O +with O +atherosclerosis O +induced O +by O +coadministration O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +D2 I-Chemical +and O +cholesterol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Additionally O +, O +the O +protective O +effect O +of O +verapamil B-Chemical +on O +this O +ulcer O +model O +was O +evaluated O +. O + +aps B-category +Male O +Wistar O +rats O +were O +challenged O +intragastrically O +once O +daily O +for O +9 O +days O +with O +1 O +. O +0 O +ml O +/ O +kg O +of O +corn O +oil O +containing O +vitamin B-Chemical +D2 I-Chemical +and O +cholesterol B-Chemical +to O +induce O +atherosclerosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Control O +rats O +received O +corn O +oil O +only O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +gastric O +surgery O +, O +rat O +stomachs O +were O +irrigated O +for O +3 O +h O +with O +either O +simulated O +gastric O +juice O +or O +normal O +saline O +. O + +aps B-category +Gastric O +acid O +back O +- O +diffusion O +, O +mucosal O +LPO O +generation O +, O +histamine B-Chemical +concentration O +, O +microvascular O +permeability O +, O +luminal B-Chemical +hemoglobin O +content O +and O +ulcer O +areas O +were O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +Elevated O +atherosclerotic O +parameters O +, O +such O +as O +serum O +calcium B-Chemical +, O +total O +cholesterol B-Chemical +and O +low O +- O +density O +lipoprotein O +concentration O +were O +obtained O +in O +atherosclerotic O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Severe O +gastric O +ulcers O +accompanied O +with O +increased O +ulcerogenic O +factors O +, O +including O +gastric O +acid O +back O +- O +diffusion O +, O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +, O +LPO O +generation O +and O +luminal B-Chemical +hemoglobin O +content O +were O +also O +observed O +in O +these O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Moreover O +, O +a O +positive O +correlation O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +to O +gastric O +hemorrhage O +and O +to O +ulcer O +was O +found O +in O +those O +atherosclerotic O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +hemorrhagic O +ulcer O +and O +various O +ulcerogenic O +parameters O +were O +dose O +- O +dependently O +ameliorated O +by O +daily O +intragastric O +verapamil B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Atherosclerosis O +could O +produce O +gastric O +hemorrhagic O +ulcer O +via O +aggravation O +of O +gastric O +acid O +back O +- O +diffusion O +, O +LPO O +generation O +, O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +and O +microvascular O +permeability O +that O +could O +be O +ameliorated O +by O +verapamil B-Chemical +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Lamivudine B-Chemical +for O +the O +prevention O +of O +hepatitis O +B O +virus O +reactivation O +in O +hepatitis B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +B I-Chemical +surface I-Chemical +antigen I-Chemical +( O +HBSAG B-Chemical +) O +seropositive O +cancer O +patients O +undergoing O +cytotoxic O +chemotherapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Hepatitis O +B O +virus O +( O +HBV O +) O +is O +one O +of O +the O +major O +causes O +of O +chronic O +liver O +disease O +worldwide O +. O + +aps B-category +Cancer O +patients O +who O +are O +chronic O +carriers O +of O +HBV O +have O +a O +higher O +hepatic O +complication O +rate O +while O +receiving O +cytotoxic O +chemotherapy O +( O +CT O +) O +and O +this O +has O +mainly O +been O +attributed O +to O +HBV O +reactivation O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +study O +, O +cancer O +patients O +who O +have O +solid O +and O +hematological O +malignancies O +with O +chronic O +HBV O +infection O +received O +the O +antiviral O +agent O +lamivudine B-Chemical +prior O +and O +during O +CT O +compared O +with O +historical O +control O +group O +who O +did O +not O +receive O +lamivudine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +objectives O +were O +to O +assess O +the O +efficacy O +of O +lamivudine B-Chemical +in O +reducing O +the O +incidence O +of O +HBV O +reactivation O +, O +and O +diminishing O +morbidity O +and O +mortality O +during O +CT O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +groups O +were O +compared O +in O +this O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +prophylactic O +lamivudin B-Chemical +group O +consisted O +of O +37 O +patients O +who O +received O +prophylactic O +lamivudine B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +historical O +controls O +consisted O +of O +50 O +consecutive O +patients O +who O +underwent O +CT O +without O +prophylactic O +lamivudine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +They O +were O +followed O +up O +during O +and O +for O +8 O +weeks O +after O +CT O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +outcomes O +were O +compared O +for O +both O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +our O +control O +group O +( O +n O += O +50 O +) O +, O +21 O +patients O +( O +42 O +% O +) O +were O +established O +hepatitis O +. O + +aps B-category +Twelve O +( O +24 O +% O +) O +of O +them O +were O +evaluated O +as O +severe O +hepatitis O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +prophylactic O +lamivudine B-Chemical +group O +severe O +hepatitis O +were O +observed O +only O +in O +1 O +patient O +( O +2 O +. O +7 O +% O +) O +of O +37 O +patients O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +006 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +the O +mean O +ALT O +values O +revealed O +significantly O +higher O +mean O +alanine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +( O +ALT O +) O +values O +in O +the O +control O +group O +than O +the O +prophylactic O +lamivudine B-Chemical +group O +; O +154 O +: O +64 O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +32 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +study O +suggests O +that O +prophylactic O +lamivudine B-Chemical +significantly O +decreases O +the O +incidence O +of O +HBV O +reactivation O +and O +overall O +morbidity O +in O +cancer O +patients O +during O +and O +after O +immunosuppressive O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +studies O +are O +needed O +to O +determine O +the O +most O +appropriate O +nucleoside B-Chemical +or O +nucleotide B-Chemical +analogue O +for O +antiviral O +prophylaxis O +during O +CT O +and O +the O +optimal O +duration O +of O +administration O +after O +completion O +of O +CT O +. O + +aps B-category +Recovery O +of O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +- O +associated O +brachial O +neuritis O +after O +conversion O +to O +everolimus B-Chemical +in O +a O +pediatric O +renal O +transplant O +recipient O +- O +- O +case O +report O +and O +review O +of O +the O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +TAC B-Chemical +has O +been O +shown O +to O +be O +a O +potent O +immunosuppressive O +agent O +for O +solid O +organ O +transplantation O +in O +pediatrics O +. O + +aps B-category +Neurotoxicity O +is O +a O +potentially O +serious O +toxic O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +characterized O +by O +encephalopathy O +, O +headaches O +, O +seizures O +, O +or O +neurological O +deficits O +. O + +aps B-category +Here O +, O +we O +describe O +an O +eight O +- O +and O +- O +a O +- O +half O +- O +yr O +- O +old O +male O +renal O +transplant O +recipient O +with O +right O +BN O +. O + +aps B-category +MRI O +demonstrated O +hyperintense O +T2 O +signals O +in O +the O +cervical O +cord O +and O +right O +brachial O +plexus O +roots O +indicative O +of O +both O +myelitis O +and O +right O +brachial O +plexitis O +. O + +aps B-category +Symptoms O +persisted O +for O +three O +months O +despite O +TAC B-Chemical +dose O +reduction O +, O +administration O +of O +IVIG O +and O +four O +doses O +of O +methylprednisolone B-Chemical +pulse O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Improvement O +and O +eventually O +full O +recovery O +only O +occurred O +after O +TAC B-Chemical +was O +completely O +discontinued O +and O +successfully O +replaced O +by O +everolimus B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Omitting O +fentanyl B-Chemical +reduces O +nausea O +and O +vomiting O +, O +without O +increasing O +pain O +, O +after O +sevoflurane B-Chemical +for O +day O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +AND O +OBJECTIVE O +: O +Despite O +advantages O +of O +induction O +and O +maintenance O +of O +anaesthesia O +with O +sevoflurane B-Chemical +, O +postoperative O +nausea O +and O +vomiting O +occurs O +frequently O +. O + +aps B-category +Fentanyl B-Chemical +is O +a O +commonly O +used O +supplement O +that O +may O +contribute O +to O +this O +, O +although O +it O +may O +also O +improve O +analgesia O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +This O +double O +- O +blind O +study O +examined O +the O +incidence O +and O +severity O +of O +postoperative O +nausea O +and O +vomiting O +and O +pain O +in O +the O +first O +24 O +h O +after O +sevoflurane B-Chemical +anaesthesia O +in O +216 O +adult O +day O +surgery O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +were O +randomly O +allocated O +to O +either O +receive O +or O +not O +receive O +1 O +1 O +fentanyl B-Chemical +, O +while O +a O +third O +group O +received O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +in O +addition O +to O +fentanyl B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Omission O +of O +fentanyl B-Chemical +did O +not O +reduce O +the O +overall O +incidence O +of O +postoperative O +nausea O +and O +vomiting O +, O +but O +did O +reduce O +the O +incidence O +of O +vomiting O +and O +/ O +or O +moderate O +to O +severe O +nausea O +prior O +to O +discharge O +from O +20 O +% O +and O +17 O +% O +with O +fentanyl B-Chemical +and O +fentanyl B-Chemical +- O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +, O +respectively O +, O +to O +5 O +% O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +013 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Antiemetic O +requirements O +were O +reduced O +from O +24 O +% O +and O +31 O +% O +to O +7 O +% O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +0012 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Dexamethasone B-Chemical +had O +no O +significant O +effect O +on O +the O +incidence O +or O +severity O +of O +postoperative O +nausea O +and O +vomiting O +. O + +aps B-category +Combining O +the O +two O +fentanyl B-Chemical +groups O +revealed O +further O +significant O +benefits O +from O +the O +avoidance O +of O +opioids O +, O +reducing O +postoperative O +nausea O +and O +vomiting O +and O +nausea O +prior O +to O +discharge O +from O +35 O +% O +and O +33 O +% O +to O +22 O +% O +and O +19 O +% O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +049 O +and O +P O += O +0 O +. O +035 O +) O +, O +respectively O +, O +while O +nausea O +in O +the O +first O +24 O +h O +was O +decreased O +from O +42 O +% O +to O +27 O +% O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +034 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Pain O +severity O +and O +analgesic O +requirements O +were O +unaffected O +by O +the O +omission O +of O +fentanyl B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Fentanyl B-Chemical +did O +reduce O +minor O +intraoperative O +movement O +but O +had O +no O +sevoflurane B-Chemical +- O +sparing O +effect O +and O +increased O +respiratory O +depression O +, O +hypotension O +and O +bradycardia O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +As O +fentanyl B-Chemical +exacerbated O +postoperative O +nausea O +and O +vomiting O +without O +an O +improvement O +in O +postoperative O +pain O +and O +also O +had O +adverse O +cardiorespiratory O +effects O +, O +it O +appears O +to O +be O +an O +unnecessary O +and O +possibly O +detrimental O +supplement O +to O +sevoflurane B-Chemical +in O +day O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +Valvular O +heart O +disease O +in O +patients O +with O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +treated O +with O +pergolide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Course O +following O +treatment O +modifications O +. O + +aps B-category +Valvular O +heart O +abnormalities O +have O +been O +reported O +in O +patients O +with O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +( O +PD O +) O +treated O +with O +pergolide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +incidence O +and O +severity O +of O +these O +abnormalities O +vary O +from O +study O +to O +study O +and O +their O +course O +after O +drug O +withdrawal O +has O +not O +been O +systematically O +assessed O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVES O +: O +To O +estimate O +the O +frequency O +and O +severity O +of O +valvular O +heart O +abnormality O +and O +its O +possible O +reversibility O +after O +drug O +withdrawal O +in O +a O +case O +- O +control O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +All O +PD O +patients O +in O +the O +Amiens O +area O +treated O +with O +pergolide B-Chemical +were O +invited O +to O +attend O +a O +cardiologic O +assessment O +including O +transthoracic O +echocardiography O +. O + +aps B-category +Thirty O +PD O +patients O +participated O +in O +the O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +second O +echocardiography O +was O +performed O +( O +median O +interval O +: O +13 O +months O +) O +after O +pergolide B-Chemical +withdrawal O +( O +n O += O +10 O +patients O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Controls O +were O +age O +- O +and O +sex O +- O +matched O +non O +- O +PD O +patients O +referred O +to O +the O +cardiology O +department O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Compared O +to O +controls O +, O +aortic O +regurgitation O +( O +OR O +: O +3 O +. O +1 O +; O +95 O +% O +IC O +: O +1 O +. O +1 O +- O +8 O +. O +8 O +) O +and O +mitral O +regurgitation O +( O +OR O +: O +10 O +. O +7 O +; O +95 O +% O +IC O +: O +2 O +. O +1 O +- O +53 O +) O +were O +more O +frequent O +in O +PD O +patients O +( O +tricuspid O +: O +NS O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +number O +of O +affected O +valves O +( O +n O += O +2 O +. O +4 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +7 O +) O +and O +the O +sum O +of O +regurgitation O +grades O +( O +n O += O +2 O +. O +8 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +09 O +) O +were O +higher O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +008 O +and O +p O += O +0 O +. O +006 O +, O +respectively O +) O +in O +the O +pergolide B-Chemical +group O +. O + +aps B-category +Severity O +of O +regurgitation O +was O +not O +correlated O +with O +pergolide B-Chemical +cumulative O +dose O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +restrictive O +pattern O +of O +valvular O +regurgitation O +, O +suggestive O +of O +the O +role O +of O +pergolide B-Chemical +, O +was O +observed O +in O +12 O +/ O +30 O +( O +40 O +% O +) O +patients O +including O +two O +with O +heart O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +Pergolide B-Chemical +was O +discontinued O +in O +10 O +patients O +with O +valvular O +heart O +disease O +, O +resulting O +in O +a O +lower O +regurgitation O +grade O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +at O +the O +second O +transthoracic O +echocardiography O +and O +the O +two O +patients O +with O +heart O +failure O +returned O +to O +nearly O +normal O +clinical O +examination O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +supports O +the O +high O +frequency O +of O +restrictive O +valve O +regurgitation O +in O +PD O +patients O +treated O +with O +pergolide B-Chemical +and O +reveals O +that O +a O +significant O +improvement O +is O +usual O +when O +the O +treatment O +is O +converted O +to O +non O +- O +ergot O +dopamine B-Chemical +agonists O +. O + +aps B-category +Adriamycin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +autophagic O +cardiomyocyte O +death O +plays O +a O +pathogenic O +role O +in O +a O +rat O +model O +of O +heart O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +The O +mechanisms O +underlying O +heart O +failure O +induced O +by O +adriamycin B-Chemical +are O +very O +complicated O +and O +still O +unclear O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +investigate O +whether O +autophagy O +was O +involved O +in O +the O +progression O +of O +heart O +failure O +induced O +by O +adriamycin B-Chemical +, O +so O +that O +we O +can O +develop O +a O +novel O +treatment O +strategy O +for O +heart O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyladenine I-Chemical +( O +3MA B-Chemical +) O +, O +a O +specific O +inhibitor O +on O +autophagy O +was O +used O +in O +a O +heart O +failure O +model O +of O +rats O +induced O +by O +adriamycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Neonatal O +cardiomyocytes O +were O +isolated O +from O +Sprague O +- O +Dawley O +rat O +hearts O +and O +randomly O +divided O +into O +controls O +, O +an O +adriamycin B-Chemical +- O +treated O +group O +, O +and O +a O +3MA B-Chemical +plus O +adriamycin B-Chemical +- O +treated O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +then O +examined O +the O +morphology O +, O +expression O +of O +beclin O +1 O +gene O +, O +mitochondrial O +permeability O +transition O +( O +MPT O +) O +, O +and O +Na O ++ O +- O +K B-Chemical ++ O +ATPase O +activity O +in O +vivo O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +also O +assessed O +cell O +viability O +, O +mitochondrial O +membrane O +potential O +changes O +and O +counted O +autophagic O +vacuoles O +in O +cultured O +cardiomyocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +we O +analyzed O +the O +expression O +of O +autophagy O +associated O +gene O +, O +beclin O +1 O +using O +RT O +- O +PCR O +and O +Western O +blotting O +in O +an O +animal O +model O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +3MA B-Chemical +significantly O +improved O +cardiac O +function O +and O +reduced O +mitochondrial O +injury O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +adriamycin B-Chemical +induced O +the O +formation O +of O +autophagic O +vacuoles O +, O +and O +3MA B-Chemical +strongly O +downregulated O +the O +expression O +of O +beclin O +1 O +in O +adriamycin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +failing O +heart O +and O +inhibited O +the O +formation O +of O +autophagic O +vacuoles O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Autophagic O +cardiomyocyte O +death O +plays O +an O +important O +role O +in O +the O +pathogenesis O +of O +heart O +failure O +in O +rats O +induced O +by O +adriamycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Mitochondrial O +injury O +may O +be O +involved O +in O +the O +progression O +of O +heart O +failure O +caused O +by O +adriamycin B-Chemical +via O +the O +autophagy O +pathway O +. O + +aps B-category +mToR O +inhibitors O +- O +induced O +proteinuria O +: O +mechanisms O +, O +significance O +, O +and O +management O +. O + +aps B-category +Massive O +urinary O +protein O +excretion O +has O +been O +observed O +after O +conversion O +from O +calcineurin O +inhibitors O +to O +mammalian O +target O +of O +rapamycin B-Chemical +( O +mToR O +) O +inhibitors O +, O +especially O +sirolimus B-Chemical +, O +in O +renal O +transplant O +recipients O +with O +chronic O +allograft O +nephropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +proteinuria O +is O +a O +major O +predictive O +factor O +of O +poor O +transplantation O +outcome O +, O +many O +studies O +focused O +on O +this O +adverse O +event O +during O +the O +past O +years O +. O + +aps B-category +Whether O +proteinuria O +was O +due O +to O +sirolimus B-Chemical +or O +only O +a O +consequence O +of O +calcineurin O +inhibitors O +withdrawal O +remained O +unsolved O +until O +high O +range O +proteinuria O +has O +been O +observed O +during O +sirolimus B-Chemical +therapy O +in O +islet O +transplantation O +and O +in O +patients O +who O +received O +sirolimus B-Chemical +de O +novo O +. O + +aps B-category +Podocyte O +injury O +and O +focal O +segmental O +glomerulosclerosis O +have O +been O +related O +to O +mToR O +inhibition O +in O +some O +patients O +, O +but O +the O +pathways O +underlying O +these O +lesions O +remain O +hypothetic O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +discuss O +herein O +the O +possible O +mechanisms O +and O +the O +significance O +of O +mToR O +blockade O +- O +induced O +proteinuria O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuropsychiatric O +side O +effects O +after O +the O +use O +of O +mefloquine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +describes O +neuropsychiatric O +side O +effects O +in O +patients O +after O +treatment O +with O +mefloquine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Reactions O +consisted O +mainly O +of O +seizures O +, O +acute O +psychoses O +, O +anxiety O +neurosis O +, O +and O +major O +disturbances O +of O +sleep O +- O +wake O +rhythm O +. O + +aps B-category +Side O +effects O +occurred O +after O +both O +therapeutic O +and O +prophylactic O +intake O +and O +were O +graded O +from O +moderate O +to O +severe O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +risk O +analysis O +of O +neuropsychiatric O +side O +effects O +in O +Germany O +, O +it O +is O +estimated O +that O +one O +of O +8 O +, O +000 O +mefloquine B-Chemical +users O +suffers O +from O +such O +reactions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +calculation O +revealed O +that O +one O +of O +215 O +therapeutic O +users O +had O +reactions O +, O +compared O +with O +one O +of O +13 O +, O +000 O +in O +the O +prophylaxis O +group O +, O +making O +the O +risk O +of O +neuropsychiatric O +reactions O +after O +mefloquine B-Chemical +treatment O +60 O +times O +higher O +than O +after O +prophylaxis O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +certain O +limitations O +for O +malaria O +prophylaxis O +and O +treatment O +with O +mefloquine B-Chemical +are O +recommended O +. O + +aps B-category +Prenatal O +protein O +deprivation O +alters O +dopamine B-Chemical +- O +mediated O +behaviors O +and O +dopaminergic O +and O +glutamatergic O +receptor O +binding O +. O + +aps B-category +Epidemiological O +evidence O +indicates O +that O +prenatal O +nutritional O +deprivation O +may O +increase O +the O +risk O +of O +schizophrenia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +goal O +of O +these O +studies O +was O +to O +use O +an O +animal O +model O +to O +examine O +the O +effects O +of O +prenatal O +protein O +deprivation O +on O +behaviors O +and O +receptor O +binding O +with O +relevance O +to O +schizophrenia O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +that O +prenatally O +protein O +deprived O +( O +PD O +) O +female O +rats O +showed O +an O +increased O +stereotypic O +response O +to O +apomorphine B-Chemical +and O +an O +increased O +locomotor O +response O +to O +amphetamine B-Chemical +in O +adulthood O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +differences O +were O +not O +observed O +during O +puberty O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +changes O +in O +haloperidol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +catalepsy O +or O +MK B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +801 I-Chemical +- O +induced O +locomotion O +were O +seen O +following O +PD O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +PD O +female O +rats O +showed O +increased O +( O +3 O +) O +H B-Chemical +- O +MK B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +801 I-Chemical +binding O +in O +the O +striatum O +and O +hippocampus O +, O +but O +not O +in O +the O +cortex O +. O + +aps B-category +PD O +female O +rats O +also O +showed O +increased O +( O +3 O +) O +H B-Chemical +- O +haloperidol B-Chemical +binding O +and O +decreased O +dopamine B-Chemical +transporter O +binding O +in O +striatum O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +statistically O +significant O +changes O +in O +behavior O +or O +receptor O +binding O +were O +found O +in O +PD O +males O +with O +the O +exception O +of O +increased O +( O +3 O +) O +H B-Chemical +- O +MK B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +801 I-Chemical +binding O +in O +cortex O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +animal O +model O +may O +be O +useful O +to O +explore O +the O +mechanisms O +by O +which O +prenatal O +nutritional O +deficiency O +enhances O +risk O +for O +schizophrenia O +in O +humans O +and O +may O +also O +have O +implications O +for O +developmental O +processes O +leading O +to O +differential O +sensitivity O +to O +drugs O +of O +abuse O +. O + +aps B-category +Adverse O +effects O +of O +topical O +papaverine B-Chemical +on O +auditory O +nerve O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Papaverine B-Chemical +hydrochloride I-Chemical +is O +a O +direct O +- O +acting O +vasodilator O +used O +to O +manage O +vasospasm O +during O +various O +neurosurgical O +operations O +. O + +aps B-category +Transient O +cranial O +nerve O +dysfunction O +has O +been O +described O +in O +a O +few O +cases O +with O +topical O +papaverine B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +Brainstem O +auditory O +evoked O +potentials O +( O +BAEPs O +) O +were O +routinely O +used O +to O +monitor O +cochlear O +nerve O +function O +during O +these O +operations O +. O + +aps B-category +FINDINGS O +: O +A O +temporal O +relationship O +was O +found O +between O +topical O +papaverine B-Chemical +and O +BAEP O +changes O +leading O +to O +complete O +waveform O +loss O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +average O +temporal O +delay O +between O +papaverine B-Chemical +and O +the O +onset O +of O +an O +adverse O +BAEP O +change O +was O +5 O +min O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +10 O +of O +11 O +patients O +, O +BAEP O +waves O +II O +/ O +III O +- O +V O +completely O +disappeared O +within O +2 O +to O +25 O +min O +after O +papaverine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Eight O +of O +these O +10 O +patients O +had O +complete O +loss O +of O +BAEP O +waveforms O +within O +10 O +min O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +patient O +showed O +no O +recovery O +of O +later O +waves O +and O +a O +delayed O +profound O +sensorineural O +hearing O +loss O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +average O +recovery O +time O +of O +BAEP O +waveforms O +to O +pre O +- O +papaverine B-Chemical +baseline O +values O +was O +39 O +min O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Topical O +papaverine B-Chemical +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +vasospasm O +was O +associated O +with O +the O +onset O +of O +a O +transient O +disturbance O +in O +neurophysiological O +function O +of O +the O +ascending O +auditory O +brainstem O +pathway O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +complete O +disappearance O +of O +BAEP O +waveforms O +with O +a O +consistent O +temporal O +delay O +suggests O +a O +possible O +adverse O +effect O +on O +the O +proximal O +eighth O +nerve O +. O + +aps B-category +Recommendations O +to O +avoid O +potential O +cranial O +nerve O +deficits O +from O +papaverine B-Chemical +are O +provided O +. O + +aps B-category +Simvastatin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ezetimibe I-Chemical +- O +induced O +hepatic O +failure O +necessitating O +liver O +transplantation O +. O + +aps B-category +Abstract O +Serum O +aminotransferase O +elevations O +are O +a O +commonly O +known O +adverse O +effect O +of O +3 O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +3 O +- O +methylglutaryl O +coenzyme O +A O +reductase O +inhibitor O +( O +statin B-Chemical +) O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +hepatotoxic O +events O +have O +not O +been O +widely O +published O +with O +ezetimibe B-Chemical +or O +the O +combination O +agent O +simvastatin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ezetimibe I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +a O +70 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +Hispanic O +woman O +who O +developed O +fulminant O +hepatic O +failure O +necessitating O +liver O +transplantation O +10 O +weeks O +after O +conversion O +from O +simvastatin B-Chemical +40 O +mg O +/ O +day O +to O +simvastatin B-Chemical +10 I-Chemical +mg I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ezetimibe I-Chemical +40 I-Chemical +mg I-Chemical +/ O +day O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +' O +s O +lipid O +panel O +had O +been O +maintained O +with O +simvastatin B-Chemical +for O +18 O +months O +before O +the O +conversion O +without O +evidence O +of O +hepatotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +routine O +laboratory O +work O +- O +up O +10 O +weeks O +after O +conversion O +revealed O +elevated O +serum O +aminotransferase O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +Simvastatinezetimibe B-Chemical +and O +escitalopram B-Chemical +( O +which O +she O +was O +taking O +for O +depression O +) O +were O +discontinued O +, O +and O +other O +potential O +causes O +of O +hepatotoxicity O +were O +excluded O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +repeat O +work O +- O +up O +revealed O +further O +elevations O +in O +aminotransferase O +levels O +, O +and O +liver O +biopsy O +revealed O +evidence O +of O +moderate O +- O +to O +- O +severe O +drug O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +She O +underwent O +liver O +transplantation O +with O +an O +uneventful O +postoperative O +course O +. O + +aps B-category +Her O +aminotransferase O +levels O +returned O +to O +normal O +by O +postoperative O +day O +23 O +, O +and O +her O +2 O +- O +year O +follow O +- O +up O +showed O +no O +adverse O +events O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +61 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +Japanese O +man O +with O +nephrotic O +syndrome O +due O +to O +focal O +segmental O +glomerulosclerosis O +was O +initially O +responding O +well O +to O +steroid B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amount O +of O +daily O +urinary O +protein O +decreased O +from O +15 O +. O +6 O +to O +2 O +. O +8 O +g O +. O + +aps B-category +Within O +14 O +days O +of O +the O +oral O +bisphosphonate B-Chemical +( O +alendronate B-Chemical +sodium I-Chemical +) O +administration O +, O +the O +amount O +of O +daily O +urinary O +protein O +increased O +rapidly O +up O +to O +12 O +. O +8 O +g O +with O +acute O +renal O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +discontinuing O +the O +oral O +alendronate B-Chemical +, O +the O +patient O +underwent O +six O +cycles O +of O +hemodialysis O +and O +four O +cycles O +of O +LDL O +apheresis O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Doxorubicin B-Chemical +treatment O +resulted O +in O +heavy O +proteinuria O +( O +> O +100 O +mg O +protein O +/ O +mg O +crea O +) O +in O +15 O +/ O +44 O +of O +sgk1 O +( O ++ O +/ O ++ O +) O +and O +15 O +/ O +44 O +of O +sgk1 O +( O +- O +/ O +- O +) O +mice O +leading O +to O +severe O +nephrotic O +syndrome O +with O +ascites O +, O +lipidemia O +, O +and O +hypoalbuminemia O +in O +both O +genotypes O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +aldosterone B-Chemical +levels O +increased O +in O +nephrotic O +mice O +of O +both O +genotypes O +and O +was O +followed O +by O +increased O +SGK1 O +protein O +expression O +in O +sgk1 O +( O ++ O +/ O ++ O +) O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Urinary O +sodium B-Chemical +excretion O +reached O +signficantly O +lower O +values O +in O +sgk1 O +( O ++ O +/ O ++ O +) O +mice O +( O +15 O ++ O +/ O +- O +5 O +mumol O +/ O +mg O +crea O +) O +than O +in O +sgk1 O +( O +- O +/ O +- O +) O +mice O +( O +35 O ++ O +/ O +- O +5 O +mumol O +/ O +mg O +crea O +) O +and O +was O +associated O +with O +a O +significantly O +higher O +body O +weight O +gain O +in O +sgk1 O +( O ++ O +/ O ++ O +) O +compared O +with O +sgk1 O +( O +- O +/ O +- O +) O +mice O +( O ++ O +6 O +. O +6 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +7 O +vs O +. O ++ O +4 O +. O +1 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +8 O +g O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +An O +accurate O +autopsy O +revealed O +most O +organs O +with O +diffuse O +petechial O +haemorrhages O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +signs O +of O +bone O +marrow O +depression O +were O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +thrombi O +or O +signs O +of O +microangiopathies O +were O +observed O +in O +arterial O +vessels O +. O + +aps B-category +Blood O +and O +urine O +cultures O +did O +not O +show O +any O +bacterial O +growth O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +case O +report O +shows O +that O +ciprofloxacin B-Chemical +may O +precipitate O +life O +- O +threatening O +thrombocytopenia O +and O +haemolytic O +anaemia O +, O +even O +in O +the O +early O +phases O +of O +treatment O +and O +without O +apparent O +previous O +exposures O +. O + +aps B-category +Alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lipoic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +prevents O +mitochondrial O +damage O +and O +neurotoxicity O +in O +experimental O +chemotherapy O +neuropathy O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lipoic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +exerts O +neuroprotective O +effects O +against O +chemotherapy O +induced O +neurotoxicity O +in O +sensory O +neurons O +: O +it O +rescues O +the O +mitochondrial O +toxicity O +and O +induces O +the O +expression O +of O +frataxin O +, O +an O +essential O +mitochondrial O +protein O +with O +anti O +- O +oxidant O +and O +chaperone O +properties O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +conclusion O +mitochondrial O +toxicity O +is O +an O +early O +common O +event O +both O +in O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +and O +cisplatin B-Chemical +induced O +neurotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lipoic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +protects O +sensory O +neurons O +through O +its O +anti O +- O +oxidant O +and O +mitochondrial O +regulatory O +functions O +, O +possibly O +inducing O +the O +expression O +of O +frataxin O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +suggest O +that O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lipoic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +might O +reduce O +the O +risk O +of O +developing O +peripheral O +nerve O +toxicity O +in O +patients O +undergoing O +chemotherapy O +and O +encourage O +further O +confirmatory O +clinical O +trials O +. O + +aps B-category +Toxicity O +in O +rhesus O +monkeys O +following O +administration O +of O +the O +8 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminoquinoline I-Chemical +8 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +[ I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +l I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylbutyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +l I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hexyloxy I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methoxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylquinoline I-Chemical +( O +WR242511 B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +INTRODUCTION O +: O +Many O +substances O +that O +form O +methemoglobin O +( O +MHb O +) O +effectively O +counter O +cyanide O +( O +CN O +) O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +MHb O +formers O +are O +generally O +applied O +as O +treatments O +for O +CN O +poisoning O +, O +it O +has O +been O +proposed O +that O +a O +stable O +, O +long O +- O +acting O +MHb O +former O +could O +serve O +as O +a O +CN O +pretreatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +this O +rationale O +, O +the O +8 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminoquinoline I-Chemical +WR242511 B-Chemical +, O +a O +potent O +long O +- O +lasting O +MHb O +former O +in O +rodents O +and O +beagle O +dogs O +, O +was O +studied O +in O +the O +rhesus O +monkey O +for O +advanced O +development O +as O +a O +potential O +CN O +pretreatment O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +transient O +hemoglobinuria O +was O +noted O +approximately O +60 O +minutes O +postinjection O +of O +WR242511 B-Chemical +( O +3 O +. O +5 O +or O +7 O +. O +0 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +, O +and O +2 O +lethalities O +occurred O +( O +one O +IV O +and O +one O +PO O +) O +following O +the O +7 O +. O +0 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +dose O +. O + +aps B-category +Myoglobinuria O +was O +also O +observed O +following O +the O +7 O +. O +0 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +dose O +. O + +aps B-category +Histopathology O +analyses O +in O +the O +2 O +animals O +that O +died O +revealed O +liver O +and O +kidney O +toxicity O +, O +with O +greater O +severity O +in O +the O +orally O +- O +treated O +animal O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +These O +data O +demonstrate O +direct O +and O +/ O +or O +indirect O +drug O +- O +induced O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +WR242511 B-Chemical +should O +not O +be O +pursued O +as O +a O +pretreatment O +for O +CN O +poisoning O +unless O +the O +anti O +- O +CN O +characteristics O +of O +this O +compound O +can O +be O +successfully O +dissociated O +from O +those O +producing O +undesirable O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Repetitive O +transcranial O +magnetic O +stimulation O +for O +levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +dyskinesias O +in O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +, O +single O +- O +blinded O +, O +crossover O +study O +, O +we O +assessed O +the O +effect O +of O +" O +real O +" O +repetitive O +transcranial O +magnetic O +stimulation O +( O +rTMS O +) O +versus O +" O +sham O +" O +rTMS O +( O +placebo O +) O +on O +peak O +dose O +dyskinesias O +in O +patients O +with O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +( O +PD O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Ten O +patients O +with O +PD O +and O +prominent O +dyskinesias O +had O +rTMS O +( O +1 O +, O +800 O +pulses O +; O +1 O +Hz O +rate O +) O +delivered O +over O +the O +motor O +cortex O +for O +4 O +consecutive O +days O +twice O +, O +once O +real O +stimuli O +and O +once O +sham O +stimulation O +were O +used O +; O +evaluations O +were O +done O +at O +the O +baseline O +and O +1 O +day O +after O +the O +end O +of O +each O +of O +the O +treatment O +series O +. O + +aps B-category +Direct O +comparison O +between O +sham O +and O +real O +rTMS O +effects O +showed O +no O +significant O +difference O +in O +clinician O +- O +assessed O +dyskinesia O +severity O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +comparison O +with O +the O +baseline O +showed O +small O +but O +significant O +reduction O +in O +dyskinesia O +severity O +following O +real O +rTMS O +but O +not O +placebo O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +major O +effect O +was O +on O +dystonia O +subscore O +. O + +aps B-category +Similarly O +, O +in O +patient O +diaries O +, O +although O +both O +treatments O +caused O +reduction O +in O +subjective O +dyskinesia O +scores O +during O +the O +days O +of O +intervention O +, O +the O +effect O +was O +sustained O +for O +3 O +days O +after O +the O +intervention O +for O +the O +real O +rTMS O +only O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +rTMS O +, O +no O +side O +effects O +and O +no O +adverse O +effects O +on O +motor O +function O +and O +PD O +symptoms O +were O +noted O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +suggest O +the O +existence O +of O +residual O +beneficial O +clinical O +aftereffects O +of O +consecutive O +daily O +applications O +of O +low O +- O +frequency O +rTMS O +on O +dyskinesias O +in O +PD O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +may O +be O +further O +exploited O +for O +potential O +therapeutic O +uses O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +concomitant O +administration O +of O +small O +doses O +of O +bradykinin B-Chemical +receptor O +antagonists O +and O +NO B-Chemical +synthase O +inhibitors O +can O +be O +effective O +in O +alleviation O +of O +neuropathic O +pain O +, O +even O +in O +hospital O +care O +. O + +aps B-category +Confusion O +, O +a O +rather O +serious O +adverse O +drug O +reaction O +with O +valproic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +: O +a O +review O +of O +the O +French O +Pharmacovigilance O +database O +. O + +aps B-category +INTRODUCTION O +: O +Confusion O +is O +an O +adverse O +drug O +reaction O +frequently O +observed O +with O +valproic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +case O +reports O +are O +published O +in O +the O +literature O +but O +no O +systematic O +study O +from O +a O +sample O +of O +patients O +has O +been O +published O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +performed O +this O +study O +in O +order O +to O +describe O +the O +main O +characteristics O +of O +this O +adverse O +drug O +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Using O +the O +French O +Pharmacovigilance O +database O +, O +we O +selected O +the O +cases O +of O +confusion O +reported O +since O +1985 O +with O +valproic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +272 O +cases O +of O +confusion O +were O +reported O +with O +valproic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +: O +153 O +women O +and O +119 O +men O +. O + +aps B-category +Confusion O +mostly O +occurred O +during O +the O +two O +first O +weeks O +following O +valproic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +exposure O +( O +39 O +. O +7 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +" O +serious O +" O +for O +almost O +2 O +/ O +3 O +of O +the O +patients O +( O +62 O +. O +5 O +% O +) O +and O +its O +outcome O +favourable O +in O +most O +of O +the O +cases O +( O +82 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +occurrence O +of O +this O +ADR O +was O +more O +frequent O +in O +patients O +aged O +between O +61 O +and O +80 O +years O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +This O +work O +shows O +that O +confusion O +with O +valproic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +is O +a O +serious O +, O +rather O +frequent O +but O +reversible O +adverse O +drug O +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +occurs O +especially O +in O +older O +patients O +and O +during O +the O +first O +two O +weeks O +of O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Reversible O +inferior O +colliculus O +lesion O +in O +metronidazole B-Chemical +- O +induced O +encephalopathy O +: O +magnetic O +resonance O +findings O +on O +diffusion O +- O +weighted O +and O +fluid O +attenuated O +inversion O +recovery O +imaging O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +This O +is O +to O +present O +reversible O +inferior O +colliculus O +lesions O +in O +metronidazole B-Chemical +- O +induced O +encephalopathy O +, O +to O +focus O +on O +the O +diffusion O +- O +weighted O +imaging O +( O +DWI O +) O +and O +fluid O +attenuated O +inversion O +recovery O +( O +FLAIR O +) O +imaging O +. O + +aps B-category +MATERIALS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +From O +November O +2005 O +to O +September O +2007 O +, O +8 O +patients O +( O +5 O +men O +and O +3 O +women O +) O +were O +diagnosed O +as O +having O +metronidazole B-Chemical +- O +induced O +encephalopathy O +( O +age O +range O +; O +43 O +- O +78 O +years O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +had O +been O +taking O +metronidazole B-Chemical +( O +total O +dosage O +, O +45 O +- O +120 O +g O +; O +duration O +, O +30 O +days O +to O +2 O +months O +) O +to O +treat O +the O +infection O +in O +various O +organs O +. O + +aps B-category +Initial O +brain O +magnetic O +resonance O +imaging O +( O +MRI O +) O +were O +obtained O +after O +the O +hospitalization O +, O +including O +DWI O +( O +8 O +/ O +8 O +) O +, O +apparent O +diffusion O +coefficient O +( O +ADC O +) O +map O +( O +4 O +/ O +8 O +) O +, O +FLAIR O +( O +7 O +/ O +8 O +) O +, O +and O +T2 O +- O +weighted O +image O +( O +8 O +/ O +8 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Follow O +- O +up O +MRIs O +were O +performed O +on O +5 O +patients O +from O +third O +to O +14th O +days O +after O +discontinuation O +of O +metronidazole B-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +Findings O +of O +initial O +and O +follow O +- O +up O +MRIs O +were O +retrospectively O +evaluated O +by O +2 O +neuroradiologists O +by O +consensus O +, O +to O +analyze O +the O +presence O +of O +abnormal O +signal O +intensities O +, O +their O +locations O +, O +and O +signal O +changes O +on O +follow O +- O +up O +images O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Initial O +MRIs O +showed O +abnormal O +high O +signal O +intensities O +on O +DWI O +and O +FLAIR O +( O +or O +T2 O +- O +weighted O +image O +) O +at O +the O +dentate O +nucleus O +( O +8 O +/ O +8 O +) O +, O +inferior O +colliculus O +( O +6 O +/ O +8 O +) O +, O +corpus O +callosum O +( O +2 O +/ O +8 O +) O +, O +pons O +( O +2 O +/ O +8 O +) O +, O +medulla O +( O +1 O +/ O +8 O +) O +, O +and O +bilateral O +cerebral O +white O +matter O +( O +1 O +/ O +8 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +High O +- O +signal O +intensity O +lesions O +on O +DWI O +tended O +to O +show O +low O +signal O +intensity O +on O +ADC O +map O +( O +3 O +/ O +4 O +) O +, O +but O +in O +one O +patient O +, O +high O +signal O +intensity O +was O +shown O +at O +bilateral O +dentate O +nuclei O +on O +not O +only O +DWI O +but O +also O +ADC O +map O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +the O +lesions O +in O +dentate O +, O +inferior O +colliculus O +, O +pons O +, O +and O +medullas O +had O +been O +resolved O +completely O +on O +follow O +- O +up O +MRIs O +in O +5 O +patients O +, O +but O +in O +1 O +patient O +of O +them O +, O +corpus O +callosal O +lesion O +persisted O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Reversible O +inferior O +colliculus O +lesions O +could O +be O +considered O +as O +the O +characteristic O +for O +metronidazole B-Chemical +- O +induced O +encephalopathy O +, O +next O +to O +the O +dentate O +nucleus O +involvement O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinically O +significant O +proteinuria O +following O +the O +administration O +of O +sirolimus B-Chemical +to O +renal O +transplant O +recipients O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Sirolimus B-Chemical +is O +the O +latest O +immunosuppressive O +agent O +used O +to O +prevent O +rejection O +, O +and O +may O +have O +less O +nephrotoxicity O +than O +calcineurin O +inhibitor O +( O +CNI O +) O +- O +based O +regimens O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +date O +there O +has O +been O +little O +documentation O +of O +clinically O +significant O +proteinuria O +linked O +with O +the O +use O +of O +sirolimus B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +encountered O +several O +patients O +who O +developed O +substantial O +proteinuria O +associated O +with O +sirolimus B-Chemical +use O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +each O +patient O +, O +the O +close O +temporal O +association O +between O +the O +commencement O +of O +sirolimus B-Chemical +therapy O +and O +proteinuria O +implicated O +sirolimus B-Chemical +as O +the O +most O +likely O +etiology O +of O +the O +proteinuria O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +We O +analyzed O +the O +clinical O +and O +laboratory O +information O +available O +for O +all O +119 O +patients O +transplanted O +at O +the O +Washington O +Hospital O +Center O +between O +1999 O +- O +2003 O +for O +whom O +sirolimus B-Chemical +was O +a O +component O +of O +their O +immunosuppressant O +regimen O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +these O +patients O +, O +the O +magnitude O +of O +proteinuria O +was O +assessed O +on O +morning O +urine O +samples O +by O +turbidometric O +measurement O +or O +random O +urine O +protein O +: O +creatinine B-Chemical +ratios O +, O +an O +estimate O +of O +grams O +of O +proteinuria O +/ O +day O +. O + +aps B-category +Laboratory O +results O +were O +compared O +between O +prior O +, O +during O +and O +following O +sirolimus B-Chemical +use O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Twenty O +- O +eight O +patients O +( O +24 O +% O +) O +developed O +increased O +proteinuria O +from O +baseline O +during O +their O +post O +- O +transplantation O +course O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +21 O +patients O +an O +alternative O +cause O +of O +proteinuria O +was O +either O +obvious O +or O +insufficient O +data O +was O +available O +to O +be O +conclusive O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +7 O +of O +the O +28 O +patients O +there O +was O +a O +striking O +temporal O +association O +between O +the O +initiation O +of O +sirolimus B-Chemical +and O +the O +development O +of O +nephrotic O +- O +range O +proteinuria O +. O + +aps B-category +Proteinuria O +correlated O +most O +strongly O +with O +sirolimus B-Chemical +therapy O +when O +compared O +to O +other O +demographic O +and O +clinical O +variables O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +most O +patients O +, O +discontinuation O +of O +sirolimus B-Chemical +resulted O +in O +a O +decrease O +, O +but O +not O +resolution O +, O +of O +proteinuria O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Sirolimus B-Chemical +induces O +or O +aggravates O +pre O +- O +existing O +proteinuria O +in O +an O +unpredictable O +subset O +of O +renal O +allograft O +recipients O +. O + +aps B-category +Proteinuria O +may O +improve O +, O +but O +does O +not O +resolve O +, O +when O +sirolimus B-Chemical +is O +withdrawn O +. O + +aps B-category +Components O +of O +lemon O +essential O +oil O +attenuate O +dementia O +induced O +by O +scopolamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +anti O +- O +dementia O +effects O +of O +s B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +limonene I-Chemical +and O +s B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +perillyl I-Chemical +alcohol I-Chemical +were O +observed O +using O +the O +passive O +avoidance O +test O +( O +PA O +) O +and O +the O +open O +field O +habituation O +test O +( O +OFH O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +lemon O +essential O +oils O +showed O +strong O +ability O +to O +improve O +memory O +impaired O +by O +scopolamine B-Chemical +; O +however O +, O +s B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +perillyl I-Chemical +alcohol I-Chemical +relieved O +the O +deficit O +of O +associative O +memory O +in O +PA O +only O +, O +and O +did O +not O +improve O +non O +- O +associative O +memory O +significantly O +in O +OFH O +. O + +aps B-category +Analysis O +of O +neurotransmitter O +concentration O +in O +some O +brain O +regions O +on O +the O +test O +day O +showed O +that O +dopamine B-Chemical +concentration O +of O +the O +vehicle O +/ O +scopolamine B-Chemical +group O +was O +significantly O +lower O +than O +that O +of O +the O +vehicle O +/ O +vehicle O +group O +, O +but O +this O +phenomenon O +was O +reversed O +when O +s B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +limonene I-Chemical +or O +s B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +perillyl I-Chemical +alcohol I-Chemical +were O +administered O +before O +the O +injection O +of O +scopolamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Simultaneously O +, O +we O +found O +that O +these O +two O +lemon O +essential O +oil O +components O +could O +inhibit O +acetylcholinesterase O +activity O +in O +vitro O +using O +the O +Ellman O +method O +. O + +aps B-category +Attentional O +modulation O +of O +perceived O +pain O +intensity O +in O +capsaicin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +secondary O +hyperalgesia O +. O + +aps B-category +Perceived O +pain O +intensity O +is O +modulated O +by O +attention O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +it O +is O +not O +known O +that O +how O +pain O +intensity O +ratings O +are O +affected O +by O +attention O +in O +capsaicin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +secondary O +hyperalgesia O +. O + +aps B-category +Here O +we O +show O +that O +perceived O +pain O +intensity O +in O +secondary O +hyperalgesia O +is O +decreased O +when O +attention O +is O +distracted O +away O +from O +the O +painful O +pinprick O +stimulus O +with O +a O +visual O +task O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +it O +was O +found O +that O +the O +magnitude O +of O +attentional O +modulation O +in O +secondary O +hyperalgesia O +is O +very O +similar O +to O +that O +of O +capsaicin B-Chemical +- O +untreated O +, O +control O +condition O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +findings O +, O +showing O +no O +interaction O +between O +capsaicin B-Chemical +treatment O +and O +attentional O +modulation O +suggest O +that O +capsaicin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +secondary O +hyperalgesia O +and O +attention O +might O +affect O +mechanical O +pain O +through O +independent O +mechanisms O +. O + +aps B-category +Cardioprotective O +effect O +of O +salvianolic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +A I-Chemical +on O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +myocardial O +infarction O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +study O +was O +designed O +to O +evaluate O +the O +cardioprotective O +potential O +of O +salvianolic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +A I-Chemical +on O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +myocardial O +infarction O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Hemodynamic O +parameters O +and O +lead O +II O +electrocardiograph O +were O +monitored O +and O +recorded O +continuously O +. O + +aps B-category +Cardiac O +marker O +enzymes O +and O +antioxidative O +parameters O +in O +serum O +and O +heart O +tissues O +were O +measured O +. O + +aps B-category +Assay O +for O +mitochondrial O +respiratory O +function O +and O +histopathological O +examination O +of O +heart O +tissues O +were O +performed O +. O + +aps B-category +Isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +treated O +rats O +showed O +significant O +increases O +in O +the O +levels O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +, O +aspartate B-Chemical +transaminase O +, O +creatine B-Chemical +kinase O +and O +malondialdehyde B-Chemical +and O +significant O +decreases O +in O +the O +activities O +of O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +, O +catalase O +and O +glutathione B-Chemical +peroxidase O +in O +serum O +and O +heart O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +rats O +also O +showed O +declines O +in O +left O +ventricular O +systolic O +pressure O +, O +maximum O +and O +minimum O +rate O +of O +developed O +left O +ventricular O +pressure O +, O +and O +elevation O +of O +left O +ventricular O +end O +- O +diastolic O +pressure O +and O +ST O +- O +segment O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +mitochondrial O +respiratory O +dysfunction O +characterized O +by O +decreased O +respiratory O +control O +ratio O +and O +ADP B-Chemical +/ O +O O +was O +observed O +in O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +treated O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +salvianolic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +A I-Chemical +for O +a O +period O +of O +8 O +days O +significantly O +attenuated O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiac O +dysfunction O +and O +myocardial O +injury O +and O +improved O +mitochondrial O +respiratory O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +protective O +role O +of O +salvianolic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +A I-Chemical +against O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +myocardial O +damage O +was O +further O +confirmed O +by O +histopathological O +examination O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +of O +our O +study O +suggest O +that O +salvianolic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +A I-Chemical +possessing O +antioxidant O +activity O +has O +a O +significant O +protective O +effect O +against O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +myocardial O +infarction O +. O + +aps B-category +Long O +- O +term O +glutamate B-Chemical +supplementation O +failed O +to O +protect O +against O +peripheral O +neurotoxicity O +of O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Toxic O +peripheral O +neuropathy O +is O +still O +a O +significant O +limiting O +factor O +for O +chemotherapy O +with O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +( O +PAC B-Chemical +) O +, O +although O +glutamate B-Chemical +and O +its O +closely O +related O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +glutamine B-Chemical +were O +claimed O +to O +ameliorate O +PAC B-Chemical +neurotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +pilot O +trial O +aimed O +to O +evaluate O +the O +role O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +supplementation O +for O +preventing O +PAC B-Chemical +- O +induced O +peripheral O +neuropathy O +in O +a O +randomized O +, O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +, O +double O +- O +blinded O +clinical O +and O +electro O +- O +diagnostic O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +Forty O +- O +three O +ovarian O +cancer O +patients O +were O +available O +for O +analysis O +following O +six O +cycles O +of O +the O +same O +PAC B-Chemical +- O +containing O +regimen O +: O +23 O +had O +been O +supplemented O +by O +glutamate B-Chemical +all O +along O +the O +treatment O +period O +, O +at O +a O +daily O +dose O +of O +three O +times O +500 O +mg O +( O +group O +G O +) O +, O +and O +20 O +had O +received O +a O +placebo O +( O +group O +P O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +were O +evaluated O +by O +neurological O +examinations O +, O +questionnaires O +and O +sensory O +- O +motor O +nerve O +conduction O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +significant O +difference O +in O +the O +frequency O +of O +signs O +or O +symptoms O +between O +the O +two O +groups O +although O +neurotoxicity O +symptoms O +presented O +mostly O +with O +lower O +scores O +of O +severity O +in O +group O +G O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +this O +difference O +reached O +statistical O +significance O +only O +with O +regard O +to O +reported O +pain O +sensation O +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +011 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Also O +the O +frequency O +of O +abnormal O +electro O +- O +diagnostic O +findings O +showed O +similarity O +between O +the O +two O +groups O +( O +G O +: O +7 O +/ O +23 O += O +30 O +. O +4 O +% O +; O +P O +: O +6 O +/ O +20 O += O +30 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +pilot O +study O +leads O +to O +the O +conclusion O +that O +glutamate B-Chemical +supplementation O +at O +the O +chosen O +regimen O +fails O +to O +protect O +against O +peripheral O +neurotoxicity O +of O +PAC B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Development O +of O +ocular O +myasthenia O +during O +pegylated B-Chemical +interferon I-Chemical +and O +ribavirin B-Chemical +treatment O +for O +chronic O +hepatitis O +C O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +63 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +male O +experienced O +sudden O +diplopia O +after O +9 O +weeks O +of O +administration O +of O +pegylated B-Chemical +interferon I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +IFN I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2b I-Chemical +and O +ribavirin B-Chemical +for O +chronic O +hepatitis O +C O +( O +CHC O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Ophthalmologic O +examinations O +showed O +ptosis O +on O +the O +right O +upper O +lid O +and O +restricted O +right O +eye O +movement O +without O +any O +other O +neurological O +signs O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +brain O +imaging O +study O +and O +repetitive O +nerve O +stimulation O +test O +indicated O +no O +abnormality O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +receptor O +antibody O +titer O +and O +response O +to O +acetylcholinesterase O +inhibitors O +were O +negative O +, O +and O +the O +results O +of O +thyroid O +function O +tests O +were O +normal O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +' O +s O +ophthalmological O +symptoms O +improved O +rapidly O +3 O +weeks O +after O +discontinuation O +of O +pegylated B-Chemical +IFN I-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2b I-Chemical +and O +ribavirin B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Multiple O +daily O +doses O +of O +lithium B-Chemical +were O +associated O +with O +higher O +urine O +volumes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dosing O +schedule O +, O +duration O +of O +lithium B-Chemical +treatment O +, O +and O +daily O +dose O +of O +lithium B-Chemical +did O +not O +affect O +maximum O +osmolality O +or O +creatinine B-Chemical +clearance O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Urine O +volume O +can O +be O +reduced O +by O +giving O +lithium B-Chemical +once O +daily O +and O +/ O +or O +by O +lowering O +the O +total O +daily O +dose O +. O + +aps B-category +Lithium B-Chemical +- O +induced O +polyuria O +seems O +to O +be O +related O +to O +extrarenal O +as O +well O +as O +to O +renal O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Antibacterial O +medication O +use O +during O +pregnancy O +and O +risk O +of O +birth O +defects O +: O +National O +Birth O +Defects O +Prevention O +Study O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +estimate O +the O +association O +between O +antibacterial O +medications O +and O +selected O +birth O +defects O +. O + +aps B-category +DESIGN O +, O +SETTING O +, O +AND O +PARTICIPANTS O +: O +Population O +- O +based O +, O +multisite O +, O +case O +- O +control O +study O +of O +women O +who O +had O +pregnancies O +affected O +by O +1 O +of O +more O +than O +30 O +eligible O +major O +birth O +defects O +identified O +via O +birth O +defect O +surveillance O +programs O +in O +10 O +states O +( O +n O += O +13 O +155 O +) O +and O +control O +women O +randomly O +selected O +from O +the O +same O +geographical O +regions O +( O +n O += O +4941 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +MAIN O +EXPOSURE O +: O +Reported O +maternal O +use O +of O +antibacterials O +( O +1 O +month O +before O +pregnancy O +through O +the O +end O +of O +the O +first O +trimester O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +MAIN O +OUTCOME O +MEASURE O +: O +Odds O +ratios O +( O +ORs O +) O +measuring O +the O +association O +between O +antibacterial O +use O +and O +selected O +birth O +defects O +adjusted O +for O +potential O +confounders O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +The O +reported O +use O +of O +antibacterials O +increased O +during O +pregnancy O +, O +peaking O +during O +the O +third O +month O +. O + +aps B-category +Sulfonamides B-Chemical +were O +associated O +with O +anencephaly O +( O +adjusted O +OR O +[ O +AOR O +] O += O +3 O +. O +4 O +; O +95 O +% O +confidence O +interval O +[ O +CI O +] O +, O +1 O +. O +3 O +- O +8 O +. O +8 O +) O +, O +hypoplastic O +left O +heart O +syndrome O +( O +AOR O += O +3 O +. O +2 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +, O +1 O +. O +3 O +- O +7 O +. O +6 O +) O +, O +coarctation O +of O +the O +aorta O +( O +AOR O += O +2 O +. O +7 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +, O +1 O +. O +3 O +- O +5 O +. O +6 O +) O +, O +choanal O +atresia O +( O +AOR O += O +8 O +. O +0 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +, O +2 O +. O +7 O +- O +23 O +. O +5 O +) O +, O +transverse O +limb O +deficiency O +( O +AOR O += O +2 O +. O +5 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +, O +1 O +. O +0 O +- O +5 O +. O +9 O +) O +, O +and O +diaphragmatic O +hernia O +( O +AOR O += O +2 O +. O +4 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +, O +1 O +. O +1 O +- O +5 O +. O +4 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Nitrofurantoins B-Chemical +were O +associated O +with O +anophthalmia O +or O +microphthalmos O +( O +AOR O += O +3 O +. O +7 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +, O +1 O +. O +1 O +- O +12 O +. O +2 O +) O +, O +hypoplastic O +left O +heart O +syndrome O +( O +AOR O += O +4 O +. O +2 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +, O +1 O +. O +9 O +- O +9 O +. O +1 O +) O +, O +atrial O +septal O +defects O +( O +AOR O += O +1 O +. O +9 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +, O +1 O +. O +1 O +- O +3 O +. O +4 O +) O +, O +and O +cleft O +lip O +with O +cleft O +palate O +( O +AOR O += O +2 O +. O +1 O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +, O +1 O +. O +2 O +- O +3 O +. O +9 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +antibacterial O +agents O +that O +showed O +associations O +included O +erythromycins B-Chemical +( O +2 O +defects O +) O +, O +penicillins B-Chemical +( O +1 O +defect O +) O +, O +cephalosporins B-Chemical +( O +1 O +defect O +) O +, O +and O +quinolones B-Chemical +( O +1 O +defect O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Reassuringly O +, O +penicillins B-Chemical +, O +erythromycins B-Chemical +, O +and O +cephalosporins B-Chemical +, O +although O +used O +commonly O +by O +pregnant O +women O +, O +were O +not O +associated O +with O +many O +birth O +defects O +. O + +aps B-category +Sulfonamides B-Chemical +and O +nitrofurantoins B-Chemical +were O +associated O +with O +several O +birth O +defects O +, O +indicating O +a O +need O +for O +additional O +scrutiny O +. O + +aps B-category +Differential O +impact O +of O +immune O +escape O +mutations O +G145R O +and O +P120T O +on O +the O +replication O +of O +lamivudine B-Chemical +- O +resistant O +hepatitis B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +virus I-Chemical +e I-Chemical +antigen I-Chemical +- O +positive O +and O +- O +negative O +strains O +. O + +aps B-category +Immune O +escape O +variants O +of O +the O +hepatitis O +B O +virus O +( O +HBV O +) O +represent O +an O +emerging O +clinical O +challenge O +, O +because O +they O +can O +be O +associated O +with O +vaccine O +escape O +, O +HBV O +reactivation O +, O +and O +failure O +of O +diagnostic O +tests O +. O + +aps B-category +Recent O +data O +suggest O +a O +preferential O +selection O +of O +immune O +escape O +mutants O +in O +distinct O +peripheral O +blood O +leukocyte O +compartments O +of O +infected O +individuals O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +therefore O +systematically O +analyzed O +the O +functional O +impact O +of O +the O +most O +prevalent O +immune O +escape O +variants O +, O +the O +sG145R O +and O +sP120T O +mutants O +, O +on O +the O +viral O +replication O +efficacy O +and O +antiviral O +drug O +susceptibility O +of O +common O +treatment O +- O +associated O +mutants O +with O +resistance O +to O +lamivudine B-Chemical +( O +LAM B-Chemical +) O +and O +/ O +or O +HBeAg B-Chemical +negativity O +. O + +aps B-category +Replication O +- O +competent O +HBV O +strains O +with O +sG145R O +or O +sP120T O +and O +LAM B-Chemical +resistance O +( O +rtM204I O +or O +rtL180M O +/ O +rtM204V O +) O +were O +generated O +on O +an O +HBeAg B-Chemical +- O +positive O +and O +an O +HBeAg B-Chemical +- O +negative O +background O +with O +precore O +( O +PC O +) O +and O +basal O +core O +promoter O +( O +BCP O +) O +mutants O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +sG145R O +mutation O +strongly O +reduced O +HBsAg B-Chemical +levels O +and O +was O +able O +to O +fully O +restore O +the O +impaired O +replication O +of O +LAM B-Chemical +- O +resistant O +HBV O +mutants O +to O +the O +levels O +of O +wild O +- O +type O +HBV O +, O +and O +PC O +or O +BCP O +mutations O +further O +enhanced O +viral O +replication O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +the O +sP120T O +substitution O +also O +impaired O +HBsAg B-Chemical +secretion O +, O +it O +did O +not O +enhance O +the O +replication O +of O +LAM B-Chemical +- O +resistant O +clones O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +concomitant O +occurrence O +of O +HBeAg B-Chemical +negativity O +( O +PC O +/ O +BCP O +) O +, O +sP120T O +, O +and O +LAM B-Chemical +resistance O +resulted O +in O +the O +restoration O +of O +replication O +to O +levels O +of O +wild O +- O +type O +HBV O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +all O +clones O +with O +combined O +immune O +escape O +and O +LAM B-Chemical +resistance O +mutations O +, O +the O +nucleotide B-Chemical +analogues O +adefovir B-Chemical +and O +tenofovir B-Chemical +remained O +effective O +in O +suppressing O +viral O +replication O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +reveal O +the O +differential O +impact O +of O +immune O +escape O +variants O +on O +the O +replication O +and O +drug O +susceptibility O +of O +complex O +HBV O +mutants O +, O +supporting O +the O +need O +of O +close O +surveillance O +and O +treatment O +adjustment O +in O +response O +to O +the O +selection O +of O +distinct O +mutational O +patterns O +. O + +aps B-category +Hemolytic O +anemia O +associated O +with O +the O +use O +of O +omeprazole B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Omeprazole B-Chemical +is O +the O +first O +drug O +designed O +to O +block O +the O +final O +step O +in O +the O +acid O +secretory O +process O +within O +the O +parietal O +cell O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +has O +been O +shown O +to O +be O +extremely O +effective O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +peptic O +ulcer O +disease O +, O +reflux O +esophagitis O +, O +and O +the O +Zollinger O +- O +Ellison O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +clinical O +experience O +with O +omeprazole B-Chemical +is O +still O +limited O +, O +many O +controlled O +studies O +have O +established O +the O +short O +- O +term O +safety O +of O +this O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +the O +first O +case O +of O +a O +serious O +short O +- O +term O +adverse O +reaction O +with O +the O +use O +of O +omeprazole B-Chemical +: O +hemolytic O +anemia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +developed O +weakness O +, O +lethargy O +, O +and O +shortness O +of O +breath O +2 O +days O +after O +starting O +therapy O +with O +omeprazole B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +weeks O +after O +the O +initiation O +of O +therapy O +, O +her O +hematocrit O +had O +decreased O +from O +44 O +. O +1 O +% O +to O +20 O +. O +4 O +% O +, O +and O +she O +had O +a O +positive O +direct O +Coombs O +antiglobulin O +test O +and O +an O +elevated O +indirect O +bilirubin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +After O +she O +discontinued O +the O +omeprazole B-Chemical +, O +her O +hemoglobin O +and O +hematocrit O +gradually O +returned O +to O +normal O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mechanism O +by O +which O +omeprazole B-Chemical +caused O +the O +patient O +' O +s O +hemolytic O +anemia O +is O +uncertain O +, O +but O +physicians O +should O +be O +alerted O +to O +this O +possible O +adverse O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Phenylephrine B-Chemical +but O +not O +ephedrine B-Chemical +reduces O +frontal O +lobe O +oxygenation O +following O +anesthesia O +- O +induced O +hypotension O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Vasopressor O +agents O +are O +used O +to O +correct O +anesthesia O +- O +induced O +hypotension O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +the O +effect O +of O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +and O +ephedrine B-Chemical +on O +frontal O +lobe O +oxygenation O +( O +S O +( O +c O +) O +O O +( O +2 O +) O +) O +following O +anesthesia O +- O +induced O +hypotension O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Following O +induction O +of O +anesthesia O +by O +fentanyl B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +15 O +mg O +kg O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +) O +and O +propofol B-Chemical +( O +2 O +. O +0 O +mg O +kg O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +) O +, O +13 O +patients O +received O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +1 O +mg O +iv O +) O +and O +12 O +patients O +received O +ephedrine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +mg O +iv O +) O +to O +restore O +mean O +arterial O +pressure O +( O +MAP O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Heart O +rate O +( O +HR O +) O +, O +MAP O +, O +stroke O +volume O +( O +SV O +) O +, O +cardiac O +output O +( O +CO O +) O +, O +and O +frontal O +lobe O +oxygenation O +( O +S O +( O +c O +) O +O O +( O +2 O +) O +) O +were O +registered O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Induction O +of O +anesthesia O +was O +followed O +by O +a O +decrease O +in O +MAP O +, O +HR O +, O +SV O +, O +and O +CO O +concomitant O +with O +an O +elevation O +in O +S O +( O +c O +) O +O O +( O +2 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +administration O +of O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +, O +MAP O +increased O +( O +51 O ++ O +/ O +- O +12 O +to O +81 O ++ O +/ O +- O +13 O +mmHg O +; O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +; O +mean O ++ O +/ O +- O +SD O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +a O +14 O +% O +( O +from O +70 O ++ O +/ O +- O +8 O +% O +to O +60 O ++ O +/ O +- O +7 O +% O +) O +reduction O +in O +S O +( O +c O +) O +O O +( O +2 O +) O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +followed O +with O +no O +change O +in O +CO O +( O +3 O +. O +7 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +1 O +to O +3 O +. O +4 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +9 O +l O +min O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +administration O +of O +ephedrine B-Chemical +led O +to O +a O +similar O +increase O +in O +MAP O +( O +53 O ++ O +/ O +- O +9 O +to O +79 O ++ O +/ O +- O +8 O +mmHg O +; O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +, O +restored O +CO O +( O +3 O +. O +2 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +2 O +to O +5 O +. O +0 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +3 O +l O +min O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +) O +, O +and O +preserved O +S O +( O +c O +) O +O O +( O +2 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +The O +utilization O +of O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +to O +correct O +hypotension O +induced O +by O +anesthesia O +has O +a O +negative O +impact O +on O +S O +( O +c O +) O +O O +( O +2 O +) O +while O +ephedrine B-Chemical +maintains O +frontal O +lobe O +oxygenation O +potentially O +related O +to O +an O +increase O +in O +CO O +. O + +aps B-category +Prolonged O +elevation O +of O +plasma O +argatroban B-Chemical +in O +a O +cardiac O +transplant O +patient O +with O +a O +suspected O +history O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thrombocytopenia O +with O +thrombosis O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Direct O +thrombin O +inhibitors O +( O +DTIs O +) O +provide O +an O +alternative O +method O +of O +anticoagulation O +for O +patients O +with O +a O +history O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thrombocytopenia O +( O +HIT O +) O +or O +HIT O +with O +thrombosis O +( O +HITT O +) O +undergoing O +cardiopulmonary O +bypass O +( O +CPB O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +following O +report O +, O +a O +65 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +critically O +ill O +patient O +with O +a O +suspected O +history O +of O +HITT O +was O +administered O +argatroban B-Chemical +for O +anticoagulation O +on O +bypass O +during O +heart O +transplantation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +required O +massive O +transfusion O +support O +( O +55 O +units O +of O +red O +blood O +cells O +, O +42 O +units O +of O +fresh O +- O +frozen O +plasma O +, O +40 O +units O +of O +cryoprecipitate O +, O +40 O +units O +of O +platelets O +, O +and O +three O +doses O +of O +recombinant O +Factor O +VIIa O +) O +for O +severe O +intraoperative O +and O +postoperative O +bleeding O +. O + +aps B-category +STUDY O +DESIGN O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +Plasma O +samples O +from O +before O +and O +after O +CPB O +were O +analyzed O +postoperatively O +for O +argatroban B-Chemical +concentration O +using O +a O +modified O +ecarin O +clotting O +time O +( O +ECT O +) O +assay O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Unexpectedly O +high O +concentrations O +of O +argatroban B-Chemical +were O +measured O +in O +these O +samples O +( O +range O +, O +0 O +- O +32 O +microg O +/ O +mL O +) O +, O +and O +a O +prolonged O +plasma O +argatroban B-Chemical +half O +life O +( O +t O +( O +1 O +/ O +2 O +) O +) O +of O +514 O +minutes O +was O +observed O +( O +published O +elimination O +t O +( O +1 O +/ O +2 O +) O +is O +39 O +- O +51 O +minutes O +[ O +< O +or O += O +181 O +minutes O +with O +hepatic O +impairment O +] O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Correlation O +of O +plasma O +argatroban B-Chemical +concentration O +versus O +the O +patient O +' O +s O +coagulation O +variables O +and O +clinical O +course O +suggest O +that O +prolonged O +elevated O +levels O +of O +plasma O +argatroban B-Chemical +may O +have O +contributed O +to O +the O +patient O +' O +s O +extended O +coagulopathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +DTIs O +do O +not O +have O +reversal O +agents O +, O +surgical O +teams O +and O +transfusion O +services O +should O +remain O +aware O +of O +the O +possibility O +of O +massive O +transfusion O +events O +during O +anticoagulation O +with O +these O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +is O +the O +first O +report O +to O +measure O +plasma O +argatroban B-Chemical +concentration O +in O +the O +context O +of O +CPB O +and O +extended O +coagulopathy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +the O +adjunctive O +bupropion B-Chemical +on O +male O +sexual O +dysfunction O +induced O +by O +a O +selective B-Chemical +serotonin I-Chemical +reuptake I-Chemical +inhibitor I-Chemical +: O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +and O +randomized O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +determine O +the O +safety O +and O +efficacy O +of O +adjunctive O +bupropion B-Chemical +sustained O +- O +release O +( O +SR O +) O +on O +male O +sexual O +dysfunction O +( O +SD O +) O +induced O +by O +a O +selective B-Chemical +serotonin I-Chemical +reuptake I-Chemical +inhibitor I-Chemical +( O +SSRI B-Chemical +) O +, O +as O +SD O +is O +a O +common O +side O +- O +effect O +of O +SSRIs B-Chemical +and O +the O +most O +effective O +treatments O +have O +yet O +to O +be O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +PATIENTS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +The O +randomized O +sample O +consisted O +of O +234 O +euthymic O +men O +who O +were O +receiving O +some O +type O +of O +SSRI B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +men O +were O +randomly O +assigned O +to O +bupropion B-Chemical +SR O +( O +150 O +mg O +twice O +daily O +, O +117 O +) O +or O +placebo O +( O +twice O +daily O +, O +117 O +) O +for O +12 O +weeks O +. 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O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +TEE O +is O +a O +semi O +- O +invasive O +tool O +broadly O +used O +and O +its O +utilization O +associated O +to O +sedatives O +drugs O +might O +to O +affect O +the O +procedure O +safety O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +to O +analyze O +aspects O +of O +TEE O +safety O +associated O +to O +the O +use O +of O +Midazolan B-Chemical +( O +MZ B-Chemical +) O +and O +Flumazenil B-Chemical +( O +FL B-Chemical +) O +and O +the O +influence O +of O +the O +clinical O +variables O +on O +the O +event O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +METHOD O +: O +prospective O +study O +with O +137 O +patients O +that O +underwent O +TEE O +with O +MZ B-Chemical +associated O +to O +moderate O +sedation O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +analyzed O +the O +following O +events O +: O +complications O +related O +with O +the O +topical O +anesthesia O +, O +with O +MZ B-Chemical +use O +and O +with O +the O +procedure O +. 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O +1 O +minutes O +and O +60 O ++ O +/ O +- O +9 O +% O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Mild O +hypoxia O +( O +SO2 O +< O +90 O +% O +) O +was O +the O +most O +common O +event O +( O +11 O +patients O +) O +; O +3 O +patients O +( O +2 O +% O +) O +presented O +transient O +hypoxia O +due O +to O +upper O +airway O +obstruction O +by O +probe O +introduction O +and O +8 O +( O +5 O +. O +8 O +% O +) O +due O +to O +hypoxia O +caused O +by O +MZ B-Chemical +use O +. O + +aps B-category +Transient O +hypotension O +( O +SAP O +< O +90mmHg O +) O +occurred O +in O +1 O +patient O +( O +0 O +. O +7 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +multivariate O +analysis O +showed O +that O +severe O +MR O +, O +MP O +( O +EF O +< O +45 O +% O +) O +and O +high O +doses O +of O +MZ B-Chemical +( O +> O +5mg O +) O +were O +associated O +with O +events O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +EF O +was O +40 O +% O +, O +in O +the O +group O +with O +MP O +and O +44 O +% O +in O +the O +group O +with O +severe O +MR O +and O +it O +can O +be O +a O +factor O +associated O +with O +clinical O +events O +in O +the O +last O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +TEE O +with O +sedation O +presents O +a O +low O +rate O +of O +events O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +were O +no O +severe O +events O +and O +there O +was O +no O +need O +to O +interrupt O +the O +examinations O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +direct O +intracoronary O +administration O +of O +methylergonovine B-Chemical +in O +patients O +with O +and O +without O +variant O +angina O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +intracoronary O +administration O +of O +methylergonovine B-Chemical +were O +studied O +in O +21 O +patients O +with O +variant O +angina O +and O +22 O +patients O +with O +atypical O +chest O +pain O +and O +in O +others O +without O +angina O +pectoris O +( O +control O +group O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Methylergonovine B-Chemical +was O +administered O +continuously O +at O +a O +rate O +of O +10 O +micrograms O +/ O +min O +up O +to O +50 O +micrograms O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +all O +patients O +with O +variant O +angina O +, O +coronary O +spasm O +was O +provoked O +at O +a O +mean O +dose O +of O +28 O ++ O +/ O +- O +13 O +micrograms O +( O +mean O ++ O +/ O +- O +SD O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +control O +group O +neither O +ischemic O +ST O +change O +nor O +localized O +spasm O +occurred O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +basal O +tone O +of O +the O +right O +coronary O +artery O +was O +significantly O +lower O +than O +that O +of O +the O +left O +coronary O +artery O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +percentage O +of O +vasoconstriction O +of O +the O +right O +coronary O +artery O +was O +significantly O +higher O +than O +that O +of O +the O +left O +coronary O +artery O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +spasm O +provocation O +tests O +, O +which O +use O +an O +intracoronary O +injection O +of O +a O +relatively O +low O +dose O +of O +methylergonovine B-Chemical +, O +have O +a O +high O +sensitivity O +in O +variant O +angina O +and O +the O +vasoreactivity O +of O +the O +right O +coronary O +artery O +may O +be O +greater O +than O +that O +of O +the O +other O +coronary O +arteries O +. O + +aps B-category +Oral O +manifestations O +of O +" O +meth O +mouth O +" O +: O +a O +case O +report O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Oral O +rehabilitation O +of O +patients O +using O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +can O +be O +challenging O +. O + +aps B-category +CASE O +DESCRIPTION O +: O +A O +30 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +Caucasian O +woman O +presented O +with O +dental O +pain O +, O +bad O +breath O +, O +and O +self O +- O +reported O +poor O +esthetics O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +comprehensive O +examination O +including O +her O +medical O +history O +, O +panoramic O +radiograph O +, O +and O +intraoral O +examination O +revealed O +19 O +carious O +lesions O +, O +which O +is O +not O +very O +common O +for O +a O +healthy O +adult O +. O + +aps B-category +She O +reported O +her O +use O +of O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +for O +five O +years O +and O +had O +not O +experienced O +any O +major O +carious O +episodes O +before O +she O +started O +using O +the O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +SUMMARY O +: O +The O +patient O +' O +s O +medical O +and O +dental O +histories O +along O +with O +radiographic O +and O +clinical O +findings O +lead O +to O +a O +diagnosis O +of O +" O +meth O +mouth O +. O +" O +Although O +three O +different O +dental O +treatment O +modalities O +( O +either O +conventional O +or O +implant O +- O +supported O +) O +have O +been O +offered O +to O +the O +patient O +since O +August O +2007 O +, O +the O +patient O +has O +yet O +to O +initiate O +any O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +CLINICAL O +SIGNIFICANCE O +: O +This O +clinical O +case O +showing O +oral O +manifestations O +of O +meth O +mouth O +was O +presented O +to O +help O +dental O +practitioners O +recognize O +and O +manage O +patients O +who O +may O +be O +abusing O +methamphetamines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Dental O +practitioners O +also O +may O +be O +skeptical O +about O +the O +reliability O +of O +appointment O +keeping O +by O +these O +patients O +, O +as O +they O +frequently O +miss O +their O +appointments O +without O +reasonable O +justification O +. O + +aps B-category +Antituberculosis B-Chemical +therapy O +- O +induced O +acute O +liver O +failure O +: O +magnitude O +, O +profile O +, O +prognosis O +, O +and O +predictors O +of O +outcome O +. O + +aps B-category +Antituberculosis B-Chemical +therapy O +( O +ATT O +) O +- O +associated O +acute O +liver O +failure O +( O +ATT O +- O +ALF O +) O +is O +the O +commonest O +drug O +- O +induced O +ALF O +in O +South O +Asia O +. O + +aps B-category +Prospective O +studies O +on O +ATT O +- O +ALF O +are O +lacking O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +current O +study O +prospectively O +evaluated O +the O +magnitude O +, O +clinical O +course O +, O +outcome O +, O +and O +prognostic O +factors O +in O +ATT O +- O +ALF O +. O + +aps B-category +From O +January O +1986 O +to O +January O +2009 O +, O +1223 O +consecutive O +ALF O +patients O +were O +evaluated O +: O +ATT O +alone O +was O +the O +cause O +in O +70 O +( O +5 O +. O +7 O +% O +) O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Another O +15 O +( O +1 O +. O +2 O +% O +) O +had O +ATT O +and O +simultaneous O +hepatitis O +virus O +infection O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +44 O +( O +62 O +. O +8 O +% O +) O +patients O +, O +ATT O +was O +prescribed O +empirically O +without O +definitive O +evidence O +of O +tuberculosis O +. O + +aps B-category +ATT O +- O +ALF O +patients O +were O +younger O +( O +32 O +. O +87 O +[ O ++ O +/ O +- O +15 O +. O +8 O +] O +years O +) O +, O +and O +49 O +( O +70 O +% O +) O +of O +them O +were O +women O +. O + +aps B-category +Most O +had O +hyperacute O +presentation O +; O +the O +median O +icterus O +encephalopathy O +interval O +was O +4 O +. O +5 O +( O +0 O +- O +30 O +) O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +median O +duration O +of O +ATT O +before O +ALF O +was O +30 O +( O +7 O +- O +350 O +) O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +presentation O +, O +advanced O +encephalopathy O +and O +cerebral O +edema O +were O +present O +in O +51 O +( O +76 O +% O +) O +and O +29 O +( O +41 O +. O +4 O +% O +) O +patients O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Gastrointestinal O +bleed O +, O +seizures O +, O +infection O +, O +and O +acute O +renal O +failure O +were O +documented O +in O +seven O +( O +10 O +% O +) O +, O +five O +( O +7 O +. O +1 O +% O +) O +, O +26 O +( O +37 O +. O +1 O +% O +) O +, O +and O +seven O +( O +10 O +% O +) O +patients O +, O +respectively O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Using O +puromycin B-Chemical +aminonucleoside I-Chemical +nephrosis O +( O +PAN O +) O +rats O +, O +we O +studied O +early O +ultrastructural O +and O +permeability O +changes O +in O +relation O +to O +the O +expression O +of O +the O +podocyte O +- O +associated O +molecules O +nephrin O +, O +a O +- O +actinin O +, O +dendrin O +, O +and O +plekhh2 O +, O +the O +last O +two O +of O +which O +were O +only O +recently O +discovered O +in O +podocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Using O +immune O +stainings O +, O +semiquantitative O +measurement O +was O +performed O +under O +the O +electron O +microscope O +. O + +aps B-category +Permeability O +was O +assessed O +using O +isolated O +kidney O +perfusion O +with O +tracers O +. O + +aps B-category +Possible O +effects O +of O +ACE O +inhibition O +were O +tested O +. 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O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +PAN O +glomeruli O +already O +showed O +significant O +pathology O +by O +day O +4 O +, O +despite O +relatively O +mild O +proteinuria O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +was O +preceded O +by O +altered O +nephrin O +expression O +, O +supporting O +its O +pivotal O +role O +in O +podocyte O +morphology O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +novel O +proteins O +dendrin O +and O +plekhh2 O +were O +both O +reduced O +, O +suggesting O +roles O +in O +PAN O +, O +whereas O +a O +- O +actinin O +was O +unchanged O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +novel O +, O +multiple O +symptom O +model O +of O +obsessive O +- O +compulsive O +- O +like O +behaviors O +in O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Current O +animal O +models O +of O +obsessive O +- O +compulsive O +disorder O +( O +OCD O +) O +typically O +involve O +acute O +, O +drug O +- O +induced O +symptom O +provocation O +or O +a O +genetic O +association O +with O +stereotypies O +or O +anxiety O +. O + +aps B-category +None O +of O +these O +current O +models O +demonstrate O +multiple O +OCD O +- O +like O +behaviors O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Neonatal O +rats O +were O +treated O +with O +the O +tricyclic O +antidepressant B-Chemical +clomipramine B-Chemical +or O +vehicle O +between O +days O +9 O +and O +16 O +twice O +daily O +and O +behaviorally O +tested O +in O +adulthood O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Clomipramine B-Chemical +exposure O +in O +immature O +rats O +produced O +significant O +behavioral O +and O +biochemical O +changes O +that O +include O +enhanced O +anxiety O +( O +elevated O +plus O +maze O +and O +marble O +burying O +) O +, O +behavioral O +inflexibility O +( O +perseveration O +in O +the O +spontaneous O +alternation O +task O +and O +impaired O +reversal O +learning O +) O +, O +working O +memory O +impairment O +( O +e O +. O +g O +. O +, O +win O +- O +shift O +paradigm O +) O +, O +hoarding O +, O +and O +corticostriatal O +dysfunction O +. O + +aps B-category +Dopamine B-Chemical +D2 O +receptors O +were O +elevated O +in O +the O +striatum O +, O +whereas O +serotonin B-Chemical +2C O +, O +but O +not O +serotonin B-Chemical +1A O +, O +receptors O +were O +elevated O +in O +the O +orbital O +frontal O +cortex O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +This O +is O +the O +first O +demonstration O +of O +multiple O +symptoms O +consistent O +with O +an O +OCD O +- O +like O +profile O +in O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +Moreover O +, O +these O +behaviors O +are O +accompanied O +by O +biochemical O +changes O +in O +brain O +regions O +previously O +identified O +as O +relevant O +to O +OCD O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +novel O +model O +of O +OCD O +demonstrates O +that O +drug O +exposure O +during O +a O +sensitive O +period O +can O +program O +disease O +- O +like O +systems O +permanently O +, O +which O +could O +have O +implications O +for O +current O +and O +future O +therapeutic O +strategies O +for O +this O +and O +other O +psychiatric O +disorders O +. O + +aps B-category +Elevation O +of O +ADAM10 O +, O +ADAM17 O +, O +MMP O +- O +2 O +and O +MMP O +- O +9 O +expression O +with O +media O +degeneration O +features O +CaCl2 B-Chemical +- O +induced O +thoracic O +aortic O +aneurysm O +in O +a O +rat O +model O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +This O +study O +was O +designed O +to O +establish O +a O +rat O +model O +of O +thoracic O +aortic O +aneurysm O +( O +TAA O +) O +by O +calcium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +( O +CaCl B-Chemical +( I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +) O +- O +induced O +arterial O +injury O +and O +to O +explore O +the O +potential O +role O +of O +a O +disintegrin O +and O +metalloproteinase O +( O +ADAM O +) O +, O +matrix O +metalloproteinases O +( O +MMPs O +) O +and O +their O +endogenous O +inhibitors O +( O +TIMPs O +) O +in O +TAA O +formation O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Thoracic O +aorta O +of O +male O +Sprague O +- O +Dawley O +rats O +was O +exposed O +to O +0 O +. O +5M O +CaCl B-Chemical +( I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +or O +normal O +saline O +( O +NaCl B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +12weeks O +, O +animals O +were O +euthanized O +, O +and O +CaCl B-Chemical +( I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- O +treated O +, O +CaCl B-Chemical +( I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- O +untreated O +( O +n O += O +12 O +) O +and O +NaCl B-Chemical +- O +treated O +aortic O +segments O +( O +n O += O +12 O +) O +were O +collected O +for O +histological O +and O +molecular O +assessments O +. O + +aps B-category +MMP O +- O +TIMP O +and O +ADAM O +mRNAs O +were O +semi O +- O +quantitatively O +analyzed O +and O +protein O +expressions O +were O +determined O +by O +immunohistochemistry O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Despite O +similar O +external O +diameters O +among O +CaCl B-Chemical +( I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- O +treated O +, O +non O +- O +CaCl B-Chemical +( I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- O +treated O +and O +NaCl B-Chemical +- O +treated O +segments O +, O +aneurymal O +alteration O +( O +n O += O +6 O +, O +50 O +% O +) O +, O +media O +degeneration O +with O +regional O +disruption O +, O +fragmentation O +of O +elastic O +fiber O +, O +and O +increased O +collagen O +deposition O +( O +n O += O +12 O +, O +100 O +% O +) O +were O +demonstrated O +in O +CaCl B-Chemical +( I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- O +treated O +segments O +. O + +aps B-category +MMP O +- O +2 O +, O +MMP O +- O +9 O +, O +ADAM O +- O +10 O +and O +ADAM O +- O +17 O +mRNA O +levels O +were O +increased O +in O +CaCl B-Chemical +( I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- O +treated O +segments O +( O +all O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +, O +with O +trends O +of O +elevation O +in O +CaCl B-Chemical +( I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- O +untreated O +segments O +, O +as O +compared O +with O +NaCl B-Chemical +- O +treated O +segments O +. O + +aps B-category +Immunohistochemistry O +displayed O +significantly O +increased O +expressions O +of O +MMP O +- O +2 O +, O +MMP O +- O +9 O +, O +ADAM O +- O +10 O +and O +ADAM O +- O +17 O +( O +all O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +in O +intima O +and O +media O +for O +CaCl B-Chemical +( I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- O +treated O +segments O +. O + +aps B-category +TIMP O +mRNA O +and O +tissue O +levels O +did O +not O +differ O +obviously O +among O +the O +three O +aortic O +segments O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +This O +study O +establishes O +a O +TAA O +model O +by O +periarterial O +CaCl B-Chemical +( I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +exposure O +in O +rats O +, O +and O +demonstrates O +a O +significant O +elevation O +of O +expression O +of O +MMP O +- O +2 O +, O +MMP O +- O +9 O +, O +ADAM10 O +and O +ADAM17 O +in O +the O +pathogenesis O +of O +vascular O +remodeling O +. O + +aps B-category +Suxamethonium B-Chemical +induced O +prolonged O +apnea O +in O +a O +patient O +receiving O +electroconvulsive O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Suxamethonium B-Chemical +causes O +prolonged O +apnea O +in O +patients O +in O +whom O +pseudocholinesterase O +enzyme O +gets O +deactivated O +by O +organophosphorus B-Chemical +( I-Chemical +OP I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +poisons I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Here O +, O +we O +present O +a O +similar O +incident O +in O +a O +severely O +depressed O +patient O +who O +received O +electroconvulsive O +therapy O +( O +ECT O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Prolonged O +apnea O +in O +our O +case O +ensued O +because O +the O +information O +about O +suicidal O +attempt O +by O +OP B-Chemical +compound I-Chemical +was O +concealed O +from O +the O +treating O +team O +. O + +aps B-category +Curcumin B-Chemical +ameliorates O +cognitive O +dysfunction O +and O +oxidative O +damage O +in O +phenobarbitone B-Chemical +and O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +administered O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +antiepileptic O +drugs O +, O +phenobarbitone B-Chemical +and O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +are O +well O +known O +to O +cause O +cognitive O +impairment O +on O +chronic O +use O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +increase O +in O +free O +radical O +generation O +has O +been O +implicated O +as O +one O +of O +the O +important O +mechanisms O +of O +cognitive O +impairment O +by O +antiepileptic O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Curcumin B-Chemical +has O +shown O +antioxidant O +, O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +and O +neuro O +- O +protective O +properties O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +the O +present O +study O +was O +carried O +out O +to O +investigate O +the O +effect O +of O +chronic O +curcumin B-Chemical +administration O +on O +phenobarbitone B-Chemical +- O +and O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cognitive O +impairment O +and O +oxidative O +stress O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Pharmacokinetic O +interactions O +of O +curcumin B-Chemical +with O +phenobarbitone B-Chemical +and O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +were O +also O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Vehicle O +/ O +drugs O +were O +administered O +daily O +for O +21days O +to O +male O +Wistar O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Passive O +avoidance O +paradigm O +and O +elevated O +plus O +maze O +test O +were O +used O +to O +assess O +cognitive O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +the O +end O +of O +study O +period O +, O +serum O +phenobarbitone B-Chemical +and O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +, O +whole O +brain O +malondialdehyde B-Chemical +and O +reduced O +glutathione B-Chemical +levels O +were O +estimated O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +administration O +of O +phenobarbitone B-Chemical +and O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +for O +21days O +caused O +a O +significant O +impairment O +of O +learning O +and O +memory O +as O +well O +as O +an O +increased O +oxidative O +stress O +. O + +aps B-category +Concomitant O +curcumin B-Chemical +administration O +prevented O +the O +cognitive O +impairment O +and O +decreased O +the O +increased O +oxidative O +stress O +induced O +by O +these O +antiepileptic O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Curcumin B-Chemical +co O +- O +administration O +did O +not O +cause O +any O +significant O +alteration O +in O +the O +serum O +concentrations O +of O +both O +phenobarbitone B-Chemical +as O +well O +as O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +show O +that O +curcumin B-Chemical +has O +beneficial O +effect O +in O +mitigating O +the O +deterioration O +of O +cognitive O +functions O +and O +oxidative O +damage O +in O +rats O +treated O +with O +phenobarbitone B-Chemical +and O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +without O +significantly O +altering O +their O +serum O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +findings O +suggest O +that O +curcumin B-Chemical +can O +be O +considered O +as O +a O +potential O +safe O +and O +effective O +adjuvant O +to O +phenobarbitone B-Chemical +and O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +therapy O +in O +preventing O +cognitive O +impairment O +associated O +with O +these O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Can O +angiogenesis O +be O +a O +target O +of O +treatment O +for O +ribavirin B-Chemical +associated O +hemolytic O +anemia O +? O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +/ O +AIMS O +: O +Recently O +ribavirin B-Chemical +has O +been O +found O +to O +inhibit O +angiogenesis O +and O +a O +number O +of O +angiogenesis O +inhibitors O +such O +as O +sunitinib B-Chemical +and O +sorafenib B-Chemical +have O +been O +found O +to O +cause O +acute O +hemolysis O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +aimed O +to O +investigate O +whether O +there O +is O +a O +relation O +between O +hemoglobin O +, O +haptoglobin O +and O +angiogenesis O +soluble O +markers O +which O +are O +modifiable O +and O +can O +help O +in O +developing O +strategies O +against O +anemia O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Fourteen O +patients O +chronically O +infected O +with O +hepatitis O +C O +virus O +were O +treated O +by O +pegylated B-Chemical +interferon I-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +2a I-Chemical +and O +ribavirin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +hemoglobin O +, O +haptoglobin O +and O +angiogenesis O +markers O +of O +vascular O +endothelial O +growth O +factor O +and O +angiopoetin O +- O +2 O +were O +investigated O +before O +and O +after O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +We O +observed O +a O +significant O +decrease O +in O +haptoglobin O +levels O +at O +the O +end O +of O +the O +treatment O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +Hemoglobin O +levels O +also O +decreased O +but O +insignificantly O +by O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast O +with O +the O +literature O +, O +serum O +levels O +of O +angiogenesis O +factors O +did O +not O +change O +significantly O +by O +pegylated B-Chemical +interferon I-Chemical +and O +ribavirin B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +found O +no O +correlation O +of O +angiogenesis O +soluble O +markers O +with O +either O +hemoglobin O +or O +haptoglobin O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +This O +is O +the O +first O +study O +in O +the O +literature O +investigating O +a O +link O +between O +angiogenesis O +soluble O +markers O +and O +ribavirin B-Chemical +induced O +anemia O +in O +patients O +with O +hepatitis O +C O +and O +we O +could O +not O +find O +any O +relation O +. O + +aps B-category +Future O +research O +with O +larger O +number O +of O +patients O +is O +needed O +to O +find O +out O +modifiable O +factors O +that O +will O +improve O +the O +safety O +of O +ribavirin B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduction O +in O +injection O +pain O +using O +buffered O +lidocaine B-Chemical +as O +a O +local O +anesthetic O +before O +cardiac O +catheterization O +. O + +aps B-category +Previous O +reports O +have O +suggested O +that O +pain O +associated O +with O +the O +injection O +of O +lidocaine B-Chemical +is O +related O +to O +the O +acidic O +pH O +of O +the O +solution O +. 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O + +aps B-category +IMPORTANCE O +OF O +THE O +FIELD O +: O +Fluoropyrimidines B-Chemical +, O +in O +particular O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluorouracil I-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +) O +, O +have O +been O +the O +mainstay O +of O +treatment O +for O +several O +solid O +tumors O +, O +including O +colorectal O +, O +breast O +and O +head O +and O +neck O +cancers O +, O +for O +> O +40 O +years O +. O + +aps B-category +AREAS O +COVERED O +IN O +THIS O +REVIEW O +: O +This O +article O +reviews O +the O +pharmacology O +and O +efficacy O +of O +capecitabine B-Chemical +with O +a O +special O +emphasis O +on O +its O +safety O +. O + +aps B-category +WHAT O +THE O +READER O +WILL O +GAIN O +: O +The O +reader O +will O +gain O +better O +insight O +into O +the O +safety O +of O +capecitabine B-Chemical +in O +special O +populations O +such O +as O +patients O +with O +advanced O +age O +, O +renal O +and O +kidney O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +also O +explore O +different O +dosing O +and O +schedules O +of O +capecitabine B-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +TAKE O +HOME O +MESSAGE O +: O +Capecitabine B-Chemical +is O +an O +oral O +prodrug O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +and O +was O +developed O +to O +fulfill O +the O +need O +for O +a O +more O +convenient O +therapy O +and O +provide O +an O +improved O +safety O +/ O +efficacy O +profile O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +has O +shown O +promising O +results O +alone O +or O +in O +combination O +with O +other O +chemotherapeutic O +agents O +in O +colorectal O +, O +breast O +, O +pancreaticobiliary O +, O +gastric O +, O +renal O +cell O +and O +head O +and O +neck O +cancers O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +commonly O +reported O +toxic O +effects O +of O +capecitabine B-Chemical +are O +diarrhea O +, O +nausea O +, O +vomiting O +, O +stomatitis O +and O +hand O +- O +foot O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +Capecitabine B-Chemical +has O +a O +well O +- O +established O +safety O +profile O +and O +can O +be O +given O +safely O +to O +patients O +with O +advanced O +age O +, O +hepatic O +and O +renal O +dysfunctions O +. O + +aps B-category +Levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +dyskinesias O +in O +patients O +with O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +: O +filling O +the O +bench O +- O +to O +- O +bedside O +gap O +. O + +aps B-category +Levodopa B-Chemical +is O +the O +most O +effective O +drug O +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +long O +- O +term O +use O +of O +this O +dopamine B-Chemical +precursor O +is O +complicated O +by O +highly O +disabling O +fluctuations O +and O +dyskinesias O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +preclinical O +and O +clinical O +findings O +suggest O +pulsatile O +stimulation O +of O +striatal O +postsynaptic O +receptors O +as O +a O +key O +mechanism O +underlying O +levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +dyskinesias O +, O +their O +pathogenesis O +is O +still O +unclear O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +recent O +years O +, O +evidence O +from O +animal O +models O +of O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +has O +provided O +important O +information O +to O +understand O +the O +effect O +of O +specific O +receptor O +and O +post O +- O +receptor O +molecular O +mechanisms O +underlying O +the O +development O +of O +dyskinetic O +movements O +. O + +aps B-category +Recent O +preclinical O +and O +clinical O +data O +from O +promising O +lines O +of O +research O +focus O +on O +the O +differential O +role O +of O +presynaptic O +versus O +postsynaptic O +mechanisms O +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptor O +subtypes O +, O +ionotropic O +and O +metabotropic O +glutamate B-Chemical +receptors O +, O +and O +non O +- O +dopaminergic O +neurotransmitter O +systems O +in O +the O +pathophysiology O +of O +levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +dyskinesias O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +pallidal O +neurotensin B-Chemical +on O +haloperidol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +parkinsonian O +catalepsy O +: O +behavioral O +and O +electrophysiological O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +The O +globus O +pallidus O +plays O +a O +critical O +role O +in O +movement O +regulation O +. O + +aps B-category +Previous O +studies O +have O +indicated O +that O +the O +globus O +pallidus O +receives O +neurotensinergic O +innervation O +from O +the O +striatum O +, O +and O +systemic O +administration O +of O +a O +neurotensin B-Chemical +analog O +could O +produce O +antiparkinsonian O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +study O +aimed O +to O +investigate O +the O +effects O +of O +pallidal O +neurotensin B-Chemical +on O +haloperidol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +parkinsonian O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Behavioral O +experiments O +and O +electrophysiological O +recordings O +were O +performed O +in O +the O +present O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Bilateral O +infusions O +of O +neurotensin B-Chemical +into O +the O +globus O +pallidus O +reversed O +haloperidol B-Chemical +- O +induced O +parkinsonian O +catalepsy O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Electrophysiological O +recordings O +showed O +that O +microinjection O +of O +neurotensin B-Chemical +induced O +excitation O +of O +pallidal O +neurons O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +systemic O +haloperidol B-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +neurotensin B-Chemical +type I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +receptor I-Chemical +antagonist I-Chemical +SR48692 B-Chemical +blocked O +both O +the O +behavioral O +and O +the O +electrophysiological O +effects O +induced O +by O +neurotensin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Activation O +of O +pallidal O +neurotensin B-Chemical +receptors O +may O +be O +involved O +in O +neurotensin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +antiparkinsonian O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Carmofur B-Chemical +- O +induced O +organic O +mental O +disorders O +. O + +aps B-category +Organic O +mental O +disorder O +was O +observed O +in O +a O +29 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +female O +in O +the O +prognostic O +period O +after O +the O +onset O +of O +carmofur B-Chemical +- O +induced O +leukoencephalopathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Symptoms O +such O +as O +euphoria O +, O +emotional O +lability O +and O +puerile O +attitude O +noted O +in O +the O +patient O +were O +diagnosed O +as O +organic O +personality O +syndrome O +according O +to O +the O +criteria O +defined O +in O +the O +DSM O +- O +III O +- O +R O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +referred O +to O +as O +a O +frontal O +lobe O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +Brain O +CT O +revealed O +a O +periventricular O +low O +density O +area O +in O +the O +frontal O +white O +matter O +and O +moderate O +dilatation O +of O +the O +lateral O +ventricles O +especially O +at O +the O +bilateral O +anterior O +horns O +. O + +aps B-category +Consequently O +, O +carmofur B-Chemical +- O +induced O +leukoencephalopathy O +may O +uncommonly O +result O +in O +organic O +personality O +syndrome O +in O +the O +residual O +state O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +may O +be O +attributed O +to O +the O +structural O +damage O +to O +the O +frontal O +lobe O +. O + +aps B-category +Butyrylcholinesterase O +gene O +mutations O +in O +patients O +with O +prolonged O +apnea O +after O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +for O +electroconvulsive O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +patients O +undergoing O +electroconvulsive O +therapy O +( O +ECT O +) O +often O +receive O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +as O +part O +of O +the O +anesthetic O +procedure O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +duration O +of O +action O +may O +be O +prolonged O +in O +patients O +with O +genetic O +variants O +of O +the O +butyrylcholinesterase O +enzyme O +( O +BChE O +) O +, O +the O +most O +common O +being O +the O +K O +- O +and O +the O +A O +- O +variants O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +the O +study O +was O +to O +assess O +the O +clinical O +significance O +of O +genetic O +variants O +in O +butyrylcholinesterase O +gene O +( O +BCHE O +) O +in O +patients O +with O +a O +suspected O +prolonged O +duration O +of O +action O +of O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +after O +ECT O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +a O +total O +of O +13 O +patients O +were O +referred O +to O +the O +Danish O +Cholinesterase O +Research O +Unit O +after O +ECT O +during O +38 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +determined O +the O +BChE O +activity O +and O +the O +BCHE O +genotype O +using O +molecular O +genetic O +methods O +, O +the O +duration O +of O +apnea O +, O +time O +to O +sufficient O +spontaneous O +ventilation O +and O +whether O +neuromuscular O +monitoring O +was O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +duration O +of O +apnea O +was O +compared O +with O +published O +data O +on O +normal O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +in O +11 O +patients O +, O +mutations O +were O +found O +in O +the O +BCHE O +gene O +, O +the O +K O +- O +variant O +being O +the O +most O +frequent O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +duration O +of O +apnea O +was O +5 O +- O +15 O +min O +compared O +with O +3 O +- O +5 O +. O +3 O +min O +from O +the O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +Severe O +distress O +was O +noted O +in O +the O +recovery O +phase O +in O +two O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuromuscular O +monitoring O +was O +used O +in O +two O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +eleven O +of O +13 O +patients O +with O +a O +prolonged O +duration O +of O +action O +of O +succinylcholine B-Chemical +had O +mutations O +in O +BCHE O +, O +indicating O +that O +this O +is O +the O +possible O +reason O +for O +a O +prolonged O +period O +of O +apnea O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +recommend O +objective O +neuromuscular O +monitoring O +during O +the O +first O +ECT O +. O + +aps B-category +Perhexiline B-Chemical +maleate I-Chemical +and O +peripheral O +neuropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Peripheral O +neuropathy O +has O +been O +noted O +as O +a O +complication O +of O +therapy O +with O +perhexiline B-Chemical +maleate I-Chemical +, O +a O +drug O +widely O +used O +in O +France O +( O +and O +in O +clinical O +trials O +in O +the O +United O +States O +) O +for O +the O +prophylactic O +treatment O +of O +angina O +pectoris O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +24 O +patients O +with O +this O +complication O +, O +the O +marked O +slowing O +of O +motor O +nerve O +conduction O +velocity O +and O +the O +electromyographic O +changes O +imply O +mainly O +a O +demyelinating O +disorder O +. O + +aps B-category +Improvement O +was O +noted O +with O +cessation O +of O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +few O +cases O +the O +presence O +of O +active O +denervation O +signified O +a O +poor O +prognosis O +, O +with O +only O +slight O +improvement O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +underlying O +mechanism O +causing O +the O +neuropathy O +is O +not O +yet O +fully O +known O +, O +although O +some O +evidence O +indicates O +that O +it O +may O +be O +a O +lipid O +storage O +process O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +phase O +I O +study O +of O +4 B-Chemical +' I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +0 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tetrahydropyranyladriamycin I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +pharmacology O +and O +pharmacokinetics O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +Phase O +I O +study O +of O +intravenous O +( O +IV O +) O +bolus O +4 B-Chemical +' I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +0 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tetrahydropyranyladriamycin I-Chemical +( O +Pirarubicin B-Chemical +) O +was O +done O +in O +55 O +patients O +in O +good O +performance O +status O +with O +refractory O +tumors O +. O + +aps B-category +Twenty O +- O +six O +had O +minimal O +prior O +therapy O +( O +good O +risk O +) O +, O +23 O +had O +extensive O +prior O +therapy O +( O +poor O +risk O +) O +, O +and O +six O +had O +renal O +and O +/ O +or O +hepatic O +dysfunction O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +total O +of O +167 O +courses O +at O +doses O +of O +15 O +to O +70 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +were O +evaluable O +. O + +aps B-category +Maximum O +tolerated O +dose O +in O +good O +- O +risk O +patients O +was O +70 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +, O +and O +in O +poor O +- O +risk O +patients O +, O +60 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dose O +- O +limiting O +toxic O +effect O +was O +transient O +noncumulative O +granulocytopenia O +. O + +aps B-category +Granulocyte O +nadir O +was O +on O +day O +14 O +( O +range O +, O +4 O +- O +22 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Less O +frequent O +toxic O +effects O +included O +thrombocytopenia O +, O +anemia O +, O +nausea O +, O +mild O +alopecia O +, O +phlebitis O +, O +and O +mucositis O +. O + +aps B-category +Myelosuppression O +was O +more O +in O +patients O +with O +hepatic O +dysfunction O +. O + +aps B-category +Pharmacokinetic O +analyses O +in O +21 O +patients O +revealed O +Pirarubicin B-Chemical +plasma O +T O +1 O +/ O +2 O +alpha O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +SE O +) O +of O +2 O +. O +5 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +85 O +minutes O +, O +T O +beta O +1 O +/ O +2 O +of O +25 O +. O +6 O ++ O +/ O +- O +6 O +. O +5 O +minutes O +, O +and O +T O +1 O +/ O +2 O +gamma O +of O +23 O +. O +6 O ++ O +/ O +- O +7 O +. O +6 O +hours O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +area O +under O +the O +curve O +was O +537 O ++ O +/ O +- O +149 O +ng O +/ O +ml O +x O +hours O +, O +volume O +of O +distribution O +( O +Vd O +) O +3504 O ++ O +/ O +- O +644 O +l O +/ O +m2 O +, O +and O +total O +clearance O +( O +ClT O +) O +was O +204 O ++ O +39 O +. O +3 O +l O +/ O +hour O +/ O +m2 O +. O + +aps B-category +Adriamycinol B-Chemical +, O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +, O +adriamycinone B-Chemical +, O +and O +tetrahydropyranyladriamycinol B-Chemical +were O +the O +metabolites O +detected O +in O +plasma O +and O +the O +amount O +of O +doxorubicin B-Chemical +was O +less O +than O +or O +equal O +to O +10 O +% O +of O +the O +total O +metabolites O +. O + +aps B-category +Urinary O +excretion O +of O +Pirarubicin B-Chemical +in O +the O +first O +24 O +hours O +was O +less O +than O +or O +equal O +to O +10 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Activity O +was O +noted O +in O +mesothelioma O +, O +leiomyosarcoma O +, O +and O +basal O +cell O +carcinoma O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +recommended O +starting O +dose O +for O +Phase O +II O +trials O +is O +60 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +IV O +bolus O +every O +3 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +Ocular O +and O +auditory O +toxicity O +in O +hemodialyzed O +patients O +receiving O +desferrioxamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +During O +an O +18 O +- O +month O +period O +of O +study O +41 O +hemodialyzed O +patients O +receiving O +desferrioxamine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +- O +40 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +BW O +/ O +3 O +times O +weekly O +) O +for O +the O +first O +time O +were O +monitored O +for O +detection O +of O +audiovisual O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +6 O +patients O +presented O +clinical O +symptoms O +of O +visual O +or O +auditory O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Moreover O +, O +detailed O +ophthalmologic O +and O +audiologic O +studies O +disclosed O +abnormalities O +in O +7 O +more O +asymptomatic O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Visual O +toxicity O +was O +of O +retinal O +origin O +and O +was O +characterized O +by O +a O +tritan O +- O +type O +dyschromatopsy O +, O +sometimes O +associated O +with O +a O +loss O +of O +visual O +acuity O +and O +pigmentary O +retinal O +deposits O +. O + +aps B-category +Auditory O +toxicity O +was O +characterized O +by O +a O +mid O +- O +to O +high O +- O +frequency O +neurosensorial O +hearing O +loss O +and O +the O +lesion O +was O +of O +the O +cochlear O +type O +. O + +aps B-category +Desferrioxamine B-Chemical +withdrawal O +resulted O +in O +a O +complete O +recovery O +of O +visual O +function O +in O +1 O +patient O +and O +partial O +recovery O +in O +3 O +, O +and O +a O +complete O +reversal O +of O +hearing O +loss O +in O +3 O +patients O +and O +partial O +recovery O +in O +3 O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +toxicity O +appeared O +in O +patients O +receiving O +the O +higher O +doses O +of O +desferrioxamine B-Chemical +or O +coincided O +with O +the O +normalization O +of O +ferritin O +or O +aluminium B-Chemical +serum O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +indicate O +that O +audiovisual O +toxicity O +is O +not O +an O +infrequent O +complication O +in O +hemodialyzed O +patients O +receiving O +desferrioxamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Periodical O +audiovisual O +monitoring O +should O +be O +performed O +on O +hemodialyzed O +patients O +receiving O +the O +drug O +in O +order O +to O +detect O +adverse O +effects O +as O +early O +as O +possible O +. O + +aps B-category +Serial O +epilepsy O +caused O +by O +levodopa B-Chemical +/ I-Chemical +carbidopa I-Chemical +administration O +in O +two O +patients O +on O +hemodialysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +patients O +with O +similar O +clinical O +features O +are O +presented O +: O +both O +patients O +had O +chronic O +renal O +failure O +, O +on O +hemodialysis O +for O +many O +years O +but O +recently O +begun O +on O +a O +high O +- O +flux O +dialyzer O +; O +both O +had O +been O +receiving O +a O +carbidopa B-Chemical +/ I-Chemical +levodopa I-Chemical +preparation O +; O +and O +both O +had O +the O +onset O +of O +hallucinosis O +and O +recurrent O +seizures O +, O +which O +were O +refractory O +to O +anticonvulsants O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +first O +patient O +died O +without O +a O +diagnosis O +; O +the O +second O +patient O +had O +a O +dramatic O +recovery O +following O +the O +administration O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +B6 I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +patient O +was O +considered O +to O +have O +a O +renal O +state O +sufficiently O +severe O +enough O +to O +explain O +their O +presentation O +. O + +aps B-category +Randomized O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +trial O +of O +mazindol B-Chemical +in O +Duchenne O +dystrophy O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +is O +evidence O +that O +growth O +hormone O +may O +be O +related O +to O +the O +progression O +of O +weakness O +in O +Duchenne O +dystrophy O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conducted O +a O +12 O +- O +month O +controlled O +trial O +of O +mazindol B-Chemical +, O +a O +putative O +growth O +hormone O +secretion O +inhibitor O +, O +in O +83 O +boys O +with O +Duchenne O +dystrophy O +. O + +aps B-category +Muscle O +strength O +, O +contractures O +, O +functional O +ability O +and O +pulmonary O +function O +were O +tested O +at O +baseline O +, O +and O +6 O +and O +12 O +months O +after O +treatment O +with O +mazindol B-Chemical +( O +3 O +mg O +/ O +d O +) O +or O +placebo O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +study O +was O +designed O +to O +have O +a O +power O +of O +greater O +than O +0 O +. O +90 O +to O +detect O +a O +slowing O +to O +25 O +% O +of O +the O +expected O +rate O +of O +progression O +of O +weakness O +at O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +05 O +. O + +aps B-category +Mazindol B-Chemical +did O +not O +benefit O +strength O +at O +any O +point O +in O +the O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +Side O +effects O +attributable O +to O +mazindol B-Chemical +included O +decreased O +appetite O +( O +36 O +% O +) O +, O +dry O +mouth O +( O +10 O +% O +) O +, O +behavioral O +change O +( O +22 O +% O +) O +, O +and O +gastrointestinal O +symptoms O +( O +18 O +% O +) O +; O +mazindol B-Chemical +dosage O +was O +reduced O +in O +43 O +% O +of O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +mazindol B-Chemical +on O +GH O +secretion O +was O +estimated O +indirectly O +by O +comparing O +the O +postabsorptive O +IGF O +- O +I O +levels O +obtained O +following O +3 O +, O +6 O +, O +9 O +, O +and O +12 O +months O +in O +the O +mazindol B-Chemical +treated O +to O +those O +in O +the O +placebo O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +mazindol B-Chemical +- O +treated O +patients O +gained O +less O +weight O +and O +height O +than O +placebo O +- O +treated O +patients O +, O +no O +significant O +effect O +on O +IGF O +- O +I O +levels O +was O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +Mazindol B-Chemical +doses O +not O +slow O +the O +progression O +of O +weakness O +in O +Duchenne O +dystrophy O +. O + +aps B-category +Facilitation O +of O +memory O +retrieval O +by O +pre O +- O +test O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +its O +state O +dependency O +in O +the O +step O +- O +through O +type O +passive O +avoidance O +learning O +test O +in O +mice O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +authors O +suggest O +that O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +akathisia O +may O +be O +caused O +by O +serotonergically O +mediated O +inhibition O +of O +dopaminergic O +neurotransmission O +and O +that O +the O +pathophysiology O +of O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +akathisia O +and O +tricyclic O +antidepressant B-Chemical +- O +induced O +" O +jitteriness O +" O +may O +be O +identical O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +converting O +enzyme O +inhibition O +on O +the O +course O +of O +adriamycin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +the O +converting O +enzyme O +inhibitor O +( O +CEI O +) O +enalapril B-Chemical +was O +assessed O +in O +Munich O +- O +Wistar O +rats O +with O +established O +adriamycin B-Chemical +nephrosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Rats O +were O +given O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +adriamycin B-Chemical +and O +one O +month O +later O +divided O +into O +four O +groups O +matched O +for O +albuminuria O +, O +blood O +pressure O +, O +and O +plasma O +albumin O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +Groups O +1 O +and O +3 O +remained O +untreated O +while O +groups O +2 O +and O +4 O +received O +enalapril B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Groups O +1 O +and O +2 O +underwent O +micropuncture O +studies O +after O +10 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +short O +- O +term O +studies O +showed O +that O +enalapril B-Chemical +reduced O +arterial O +blood O +pressure O +( O +101 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +vs O +. O +124 O ++ O +/ O +- O +3 O +mm O +Hg O +, O +group O +2 O +vs O +. O +1 O +, O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +and O +glomerular O +capillary O +pressure O +( O +54 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +vs O +. O +61 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +mm O +Hg O +, O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +without O +reducing O +albuminuria O +( O +617 O ++ O +/ O +- O +50 O +vs O +. O +570 O ++ O +/ O +- O +47 O +mg O +/ O +day O +) O +or O +GFR O +( O +1 O +. O +03 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +04 O +vs O +. O +1 O +. O +04 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +11 O +ml O +/ O +min O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Groups O +3 O +and O +4 O +were O +studied O +at O +four O +and O +at O +six O +months O +to O +assess O +the O +effect O +of O +enalapril B-Chemical +on O +progression O +of O +renal O +injury O +in O +adriamycin B-Chemical +nephrosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Chronic O +enalapril B-Chemical +treatment O +reduced O +blood O +pressure O +without O +reducing O +albuminuria O +in O +group O +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +Untreated O +group O +3 O +rats O +exhibited O +a O +progressive O +reduction O +in O +GFR O +( O +0 O +. O +35 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +08 O +ml O +/ O +min O +at O +4 O +months O +, O +0 O +. O +27 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +07 O +ml O +/ O +min O +at O +6 O +months O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Enalapril B-Chemical +treatment O +blunted O +but O +did O +not O +prevent O +reduction O +in O +GFR O +in O +group O +4 O +( O +0 O +. O +86 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +15 O +ml O +/ O +min O +at O +4 O +months O +, O +0 O +. O +69 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +13 O +ml O +/ O +min O +at O +6 O +months O +, O +both O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +05 O +vs O +. O +group O +3 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduction O +in O +GFR O +was O +associated O +with O +the O +development O +of O +glomerular O +sclerosis O +in O +both O +treated O +and O +untreated O +rats O +. O +( O +ABSTRACT O +TRUNCATED O +AT O +250 O +WORDS O +) O + +aps B-category +Clotiazepam B-Chemical +- O +induced O +acute O +hepatitis O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +the O +case O +of O +a O +patient O +who O +developed O +acute O +hepatitis O +with O +extensive O +hepatocellular O +necrosis O +, O +7 O +months O +after O +the O +onset O +of O +administration O +of O +clotiazepam B-Chemical +, O +a O +thienodiazepine B-Chemical +derivative O +. O + +aps B-category +Clotiazepam B-Chemical +withdrawal O +was O +followed O +by O +prompt O +recovery O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +administration O +of O +several O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +, O +chemically O +related O +to O +clotiazepam B-Chemical +, O +did O +not O +interfere O +with O +recovery O +and O +did O +not O +induce O +any O +relapse O +of O +hepatitis O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +observation O +shows O +that O +clotiazepam B-Chemical +can O +induce O +acute O +hepatitis O +and O +suggests O +that O +there O +is O +no O +cross O +hepatotoxicity O +between O +clotiazepam B-Chemical +and O +several O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +azacytidine I-Chemical +potentiates O +initiation O +induced O +by O +carcinogens O +in O +rat O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +test O +the O +validity O +of O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +hypomethylation O +of O +DNA O +plays O +an O +important O +role O +in O +the O +initiation O +of O +carcinogenic O +process O +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +azacytidine I-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +AzC I-Chemical +) O +( O +10 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +, O +an O +inhibitor O +of O +DNA O +methylation O +, O +was O +given O +to O +rats O +during O +the O +phase O +of O +repair O +synthesis O +induced O +by O +the O +three O +carcinogens O +, O +benzo B-Chemical +[ I-Chemical +a I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +pyrene I-Chemical +( O +200 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +, O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +N I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nitrosourea I-Chemical +( O +60 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +and O +1 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dimethylhydrazine I-Chemical +( O +1 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +DMH I-Chemical +) O +( O +100 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +initiated O +hepatocytes O +in O +the O +liver O +were O +assayed O +as O +the O +gamma O +- O +glutamyltransferase O +( O +gamma O +- O +GT O +) O +positive O +foci O +formed O +following O +a O +2 O +- O +week O +selection O +regimen O +consisting O +of O +dietary O +0 O +. O +02 O +% O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetylaminofluorene I-Chemical +coupled O +with O +a O +necrogenic O +dose O +of O +CCl4 B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +obtained O +indicate O +that O +with O +all O +three O +carcinogens O +, O +administration O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +AzC I-Chemical +during O +repair O +synthesis O +increased O +the O +incidence O +of O +initiated O +hepatocytes O +, O +for O +example O +10 O +- O +20 O +foci O +/ O +cm2 O +in O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +AzC I-Chemical +and O +carcinogen O +- O +treated O +rats O +compared O +with O +3 O +- O +5 O +foci O +/ O +cm2 O +in O +rats O +treated O +with O +carcinogen O +only O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +[ B-Chemical +3H I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +azadeoxycytidine I-Chemical +during O +the O +repair O +synthesis O +induced O +by O +1 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +DMH I-Chemical +further O +showed O +that O +0 O +. O +019 O +mol O +% O +of O +cytosine B-Chemical +residues O +in O +DNA O +were O +substituted O +by O +the O +analogue O +, O +indicating O +that O +incorporation O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +AzC I-Chemical +occurs O +during O +repair O +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +absence O +of O +the O +carcinogen O +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +AzC I-Chemical +given O +after O +a O +two O +thirds O +partial O +hepatectomy O +, O +when O +its O +incorporation O +should O +be O +maximum O +, O +failed O +to O +induce O +any O +gamma O +- O +GT O +positive O +foci O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +suggest O +that O +hypomethylation O +of O +DNA O +per O +se O +may O +not O +be O +sufficient O +for O +initiation O +. O + +aps B-category +Perhaps O +two O +events O +might O +be O +necessary O +for O +initiation O +, O +the O +first O +caused O +by O +the O +carcinogen O +and O +a O +second O +involving O +hypomethylation O +of O +DNA O +. O + +aps B-category +Antihypertensive O +drugs O +and O +depression O +: O +a O +reappraisal O +. O + +aps B-category +Eighty O +- O +nine O +new O +referral O +hypertensive O +out O +- O +patients O +and O +46 O +new O +referral O +non O +- O +hypertensive O +chronically O +physically O +ill O +out O +- O +patients O +completed O +a O +mood O +rating O +scale O +at O +regular O +intervals O +for O +one O +year O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +showed O +a O +high O +prevalence O +of O +depression O +in O +both O +groups O +of O +patients O +, O +with O +no O +preponderance O +in O +the O +hypertensive O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +Hypertensive O +patients O +with O +psychiatric O +histories O +had O +a O +higher O +prevalence O +of O +depression O +than O +the O +comparison O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +was O +accounted O +for O +by O +a O +significant O +number O +of O +depressions O +occurring O +in O +methyl B-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +treated O +patients O +with O +psychiatric O +histories O +. O + +aps B-category +Chronic O +active O +hepatitis O +associated O +with O +diclofenac B-Chemical +sodium I-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Diclofenac B-Chemical +sodium I-Chemical +( O +Voltarol B-Chemical +, O +Geigy O +Pharmaceuticals O +) O +is O +a O +non O +- O +steroidal O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +derivative O +of O +phenylacetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +generally O +well O +- O +tolerated O +, O +asymptomatic O +abnormalities O +of O +liver O +function O +have O +been O +recorded O +and O +, O +less O +commonly O +, O +severe O +hepatitis O +induced O +by O +diclofenac B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +described O +developed O +chronic O +active O +hepatitis O +after O +six O +months O +therapy O +with O +diclofenac B-Chemical +sodium I-Chemical +which O +progressed O +despite O +the O +withdrawal O +of O +the O +drug O +, O +a O +finding O +not O +previously O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +Arterial O +hypertension O +as O +a O +complication O +of O +prolonged O +ketoconazole B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +of O +14 O +patients O +with O +Cushing O +' O +s O +syndrome O +treated O +on O +a O +long O +- O +term O +basis O +with O +ketoconazole B-Chemical +developed O +sustained O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +both O +cases O +normal O +plasma O +and O +urinary O +free O +cortisol B-Chemical +levels O +had O +been O +achieved O +following O +ketoconazole B-Chemical +therapy O +, O +yet O +continuous O +blood O +pressure O +monitoring O +demonstrated O +hypertension O +31 O +( O +patient O +1 O +) O +and O +52 O +weeks O +( O +patient O +2 O +) O +after O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +patient O +1 O +, O +plasma O +levels O +of O +deoxycorticosterone B-Chemical +and O +11 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deoxycortisol I-Chemical +were O +elevated O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +patient O +2 O +, O +in O +addition O +to O +an O +increase O +in O +both O +deoxycorticosterone B-Chemical +and O +11 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deoxycortisol I-Chemical +levels O +, O +plasma O +aldosterone B-Chemical +values O +were O +raised O +, O +with O +a O +concomitant O +suppression O +of O +renin O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +findings O +show O +that O +long O +- O +term O +treatment O +with O +high O +doses O +of O +ketoconazole B-Chemical +may O +induce O +enzyme O +blockade O +leading O +to O +mineralocorticoid O +- O +related O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +an O +inhibitor O +of O +angiotensin B-Chemical +converting O +enzyme O +( O +Captopril B-Chemical +) O +on O +pulmonary O +and O +renal O +insufficiency O +due O +to O +intravascular O +coagulation O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Induction O +of O +intravascular O +coagulation O +and O +inhibition O +of O +fibrinolysis O +by O +injection O +of O +thrombin O +and O +tranexamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +AMCA B-Chemical +) O +in O +the O +rat O +gives O +rise O +to O +pulmonary O +and O +renal O +insufficiency O +resembling O +that O +occurring O +after O +trauma O +or O +sepsis O +in O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +Injection O +of O +Captopril B-Chemical +( O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +, O +an O +inhibitor O +of O +angiotensin B-Chemical +converting O +enzyme O +( O +ACE O +) O +, O +reduced O +both O +pulmonary O +and O +renal O +insufficiency O +in O +this O +rat O +model O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +lung O +weights O +were O +lower O +and O +PaO2 O +was O +improved O +in O +rats O +given O +this O +enzyme O +- O +blocking O +agent O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +contents O +of O +albumin O +in O +the O +lungs O +were O +not O +changed O +, O +indicating O +that O +Captopril B-Chemical +did O +not O +influence O +the O +extravasation O +of O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +Renal O +damage O +as O +reflected O +by O +an O +increase O +in O +serum O +urea B-Chemical +and O +in O +kidney O +weight O +was O +prevented O +by O +Captopril B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amount O +of O +fibrin O +in O +the O +kidneys O +was O +also O +considerably O +lower O +than O +in O +animals O +which O +received O +thrombin O +and O +AMCA B-Chemical +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +the O +effects O +of O +Captopril B-Chemical +on O +the O +lungs O +may O +be O +attributable O +to O +a O +vasodilatory O +effect O +due O +to O +a O +reduction O +in O +the O +circulating O +level O +of O +Angiotension B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +and O +an O +increase O +in O +prostacyclin B-Chemical +( O +secondary O +to O +an O +increase O +in O +bradykinin B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Captopril B-Chemical +may O +, O +by O +the O +same O +mechanism O +, O +reduce O +the O +increase O +in O +glomerular O +filtration O +that O +is O +known O +to O +occur O +after O +an O +injection O +of O +thrombin O +, O +thereby O +diminishing O +the O +aggregation O +of O +fibrin O +monomers O +in O +the O +glomeruli O +, O +with O +the O +result O +that O +less O +fibrin O +will O +be O +deposited O +and O +thus O +less O +kidney O +damage O +will O +be O +produced O +. O + +aps B-category +Stroke O +associated O +with O +cocaine B-Chemical +use O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +eight O +patients O +in O +whom O +cocaine B-Chemical +use O +was O +related O +to O +stroke O +and O +review O +39 O +cases O +from O +the O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +these O +47 O +patients O +the O +mean O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +SD O +) O +age O +was O +32 O +. O +5 O ++ O +/ O +- O +12 O +. O +1 O +years O +; O +76 O +% O +( O +34 O +/ O +45 O +) O +were O +men O +. O + +aps B-category +Stroke O +followed O +cocaine B-Chemical +use O +by O +inhalation O +, O +intranasal O +, O +intravenous O +, O +and O +intramuscular O +routes O +. O + +aps B-category +Intracranial O +aneurysms O +or O +arteriovenous O +malformations O +were O +present O +in O +17 O +of O +32 O +patients O +studied O +angiographically O +or O +at O +autopsy O +; O +cerebral O +vasculitis O +was O +present O +in O +two O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Cerebral O +infarction O +occurred O +in O +10 O +patients O +( O +22 O +% O +) O +, O +intracerebral O +hemorrhage O +in O +22 O +( O +49 O +% O +) O +, O +and O +subarachnoid O +hemorrhage O +in O +13 O +( O +29 O +% O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +tolerability O +of O +both O +agents O +has O +been O +good O +, O +with O +fewer O +than O +3 O +% O +of O +patients O +withdrawn O +from O +treatment O +because O +of O +clinical O +adverse O +experiences O +. O + +aps B-category +Ophthalmological O +examinations O +in O +over O +1100 O +patients O +treated O +with O +one O +or O +the O +other O +agent O +have O +revealed O +no O +evidence O +of O +significant O +short O +term O +( O +up O +to O +2 O +years O +) O +cataractogenic O +potential O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +to O +2 O +% O +of O +patients O +have O +elevations O +of O +serum O +transaminases O +to O +greater O +than O +3 O +times O +the O +upper O +limit O +of O +normal O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +episodes O +are O +asymptomatic O +and O +reversible O +when O +therapy O +is O +discontinued O +. O + +aps B-category +Minor O +elevations O +of O +creatine B-Chemical +kinase O +levels O +are O +reported O +in O +about O +5 O +% O +of O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Myopathy O +, O +associated O +in O +some O +cases O +with O +myoglobinuria O +, O +and O +in O +2 O +cases O +with O +transient O +renal O +failure O +, O +has O +been O +rarely O +reported O +with O +lovastatin B-Chemical +, O +especially O +in O +patients O +concomitantly O +treated O +with O +cyclosporin B-Chemical +, O +gemfibrozil B-Chemical +or O +niacin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Lovastatin B-Chemical +and O +simvastatin B-Chemical +are O +both O +effective O +and O +well O +- O +tolerated O +agents O +for O +lowering O +elevated O +levels O +of O +serum O +cholesterol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +As O +wider O +use O +confirms O +their O +safety O +profile O +, O +they O +will O +gain O +increasing O +importance O +in O +the O +therapeutic O +approach O +to O +hypercholesterolaemia O +and O +its O +consequences O +. O + +aps B-category +Hepatic O +reactions O +associated O +with O +ketoconazole B-Chemical +in O +the O +United O +Kingdom O +. O + +aps B-category +Ketoconazole B-Chemical +was O +introduced O +in O +the O +United O +Kingdom O +in O +1981 O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +November O +1984 O +the O +Committee O +on O +Safety O +of O +Medicines O +had O +received O +82 O +reports O +of O +possible O +hepatotoxicity O +associated O +with O +the O +drug O +, O +including O +five O +deaths O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +analysis O +of O +the O +75 O +cases O +that O +had O +been O +adequately O +followed O +up O +suggested O +that O +16 O +, O +including O +three O +deaths O +, O +were O +probably O +related O +to O +treatment O +with O +the O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +the O +remainder O +, O +48 O +were O +possibly O +related O +to O +treatment O +, O +five O +were O +unlikely O +to O +be O +so O +, O +and O +six O +were O +unclassifiable O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +age O +of O +patients O +in O +the O +16 O +probable O +cases O +was O +57 O +. O +9 O +, O +with O +hepatotoxicity O +being O +more O +common O +in O +women O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +average O +duration O +of O +treatment O +before O +the O +onset O +of O +jaundice O +was O +61 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +None O +of O +these O +well O +validated O +cases O +occurred O +within O +the O +first O +10 O +days O +after O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +of O +serum O +liver O +function O +tests O +suggested O +hepatocellular O +injury O +in O +10 O +( O +63 O +% O +) O +; O +the O +rest O +showed O +a O +mixed O +pattern O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast O +, O +the O +results O +of O +histological O +examination O +of O +the O +liver O +often O +showed O +evidence O +of O +cholestasis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +characteristics O +of O +the O +48 O +patients O +in O +the O +possible O +cases O +were O +similar O +. O + +aps B-category +Allergic O +manifestations O +such O +as O +rash O +and O +eosinophilia O +were O +rare O +. O + +aps B-category +Hepatitis O +was O +usually O +reversible O +when O +treatment O +was O +stopped O +, O +with O +the O +results O +of O +liver O +function O +tests O +returning O +to O +normal O +after O +an O +average O +of O +3 O +. O +1 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +two O +of O +the O +three O +deaths O +probably O +associated O +with O +ketoconazole B-Chemical +treatment O +the O +drug O +had O +been O +continued O +after O +the O +onset O +of O +jaundice O +and O +other O +symptoms O +of O +hepatitis O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +and O +biochemical O +monitoring O +at O +regular O +intervals O +for O +evidence O +of O +hepatitis O +is O +advised O +during O +long O +term O +treatment O +with O +ketoconazole B-Chemical +to O +prevent O +possible O +serious O +hepatic O +injury O +. O + +aps B-category +Glyburide B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hepatitis O +. O + +aps B-category +Drug O +- O +induced O +hepatotoxicity O +, O +although O +common O +, O +has O +been O +reported O +only O +infrequently O +with O +sulfonylureas B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +For O +glyburide B-Chemical +, O +a O +second O +- O +generation O +sulfonylurea B-Chemical +, O +only O +two O +brief O +reports O +of O +hepatotoxicity O +exist O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +patients O +with O +type O +II O +diabetes O +mellitus O +developed O +an O +acute O +hepatitis O +- O +like O +syndrome O +soon O +after O +initiation O +of O +glyburide B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +serologic O +evidence O +of O +viral O +infection O +, O +and O +a O +liver O +biopsy O +sample O +showed O +a O +histologic O +pattern O +consistent O +with O +drug O +- O +induced O +hepatitis O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +patients O +recovered O +quickly O +after O +stopping O +glyburide B-Chemical +therapy O +and O +have O +remained O +well O +for O +a O +follow O +- O +up O +period O +of O +1 O +year O +. O + +aps B-category +Glyburide B-Chemical +can O +produce O +an O +acute O +hepatitis O +- O +like O +illness O +in O +some O +persons O +. O + +aps B-category +Intracranial O +pressure O +increases O +during O +alfentanil B-Chemical +- O +induced O +rigidity O +. O + +aps B-category +Intracranial O +pressure O +( O +ICP O +) O +was O +measured O +during O +alfentanil B-Chemical +- O +induced O +rigidity O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Ten O +rats O +had O +arterial O +, O +central O +venous O +( O +CVP O +) O +, O +and O +subdural O +cannulae O +inserted O +under O +halothane B-Chemical +anesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +animals O +were O +mechanically O +ventilated O +to O +achieve O +normocarbia O +( O +PCO2 O += O +42 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +mmHg O +, O +mean O ++ O +/ O +- O +SE O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +instrumentation O +, O +halothane B-Chemical +was O +discontinued O +and O +alfentanil B-Chemical +( O +125 O +mu O +/ O +kg O +) O +administered O +iv O +during O +emergence O +from O +halothane B-Chemical +anesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +five O +rats O +that O +developed O +somatic O +rigidity O +, O +ICP O +and O +CVP O +increased O +significantly O +above O +baseline O +( O +delta O +ICP O +7 O +. O +5 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +0 O +mmHg O +, O +delta O +CVP O +5 O +. O +9 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +3 O +mmHg O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +variables O +returned O +to O +baseline O +when O +rigidity O +was O +abolished O +with O +metocurine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +five O +rats O +that O +did O +not O +become O +rigid O +, O +ICP O +and O +CVP O +did O +not O +change O +following O +alfentanil B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +observations O +suggest O +that O +rigidity O +should O +be O +prevented O +when O +alfentanil B-Chemical +, O +and O +, O +presumably O +, O +other O +opiates O +, O +are O +used O +in O +the O +anesthetic O +management O +of O +patients O +with O +ICP O +problems O +. O + +aps B-category +Verapamil B-Chemical +withdrawal O +as O +a O +possible O +cause O +of O +myocardial O +infarction O +in O +a O +hypertensive O +woman O +with O +a O +normal O +coronary O +angiogram O +. O + +aps B-category +Verapamil B-Chemical +is O +an O +effective O +and O +relatively O +- O +safe O +antihypertensive O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +Serious O +adverse O +effects O +are O +uncommon O +and O +mainly O +have O +been O +related O +to O +the O +depression O +of O +cardiac O +contractility O +and O +conduction O +, O +especially O +when O +the O +drug O +is O +combined O +with O +beta O +- O +blocking O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +a O +case O +in O +which O +myocardial O +infarction O +coincided O +with O +the O +introduction O +of O +captopril B-Chemical +and O +the O +withdrawal O +of O +verapamil B-Chemical +in O +a O +previously O +asymptomatic O +woman O +with O +severe O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +Possible O +mechanisms O +that O +involve O +a O +verapamil B-Chemical +- O +related O +increase O +in O +platelet O +and O +/ O +or O +vascular O +alpha O +2 O +- O +adrenoreceptor O +affinity O +for O +catecholamines B-Chemical +are O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Haemolytic O +- O +uraemic O +syndrome O +after O +treatment O +with O +metronidazole B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +paper O +describes O +the O +clinical O +features O +of O +six O +children O +who O +developed O +the O +haemolytic O +- O +uraemic O +syndrome O +after O +treatment O +with O +metronidazole B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +children O +were O +older O +and O +were O +more O +likely O +to O +have O +undergone O +recent O +bowel O +surgery O +than O +are O +other O +children O +with O +this O +condition O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +the O +involvement O +of O +metronidazole B-Chemical +in O +the O +aetiology O +of O +the O +haemolytic O +- O +uraemic O +syndrome O +is O +not O +established O +firmly O +, O +the O +action O +of O +this O +drug O +in O +sensitizing O +tissues O +to O +oxidation O +injury O +and O +the O +reported O +evidence O +of O +oxidation O +changes O +in O +the O +haemolytic O +- O +uraemic O +syndrome O +suggest O +a O +possible O +link O +between O +metronidazole B-Chemical +treatment O +and O +some O +cases O +of O +the O +haemolytic O +- O +uraemic O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +Adverse O +cardiac O +effects O +during O +induction O +chemotherapy O +treatment O +with O +cis B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +platin I-Chemical +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluorouracil I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Survival O +for O +patients O +with O +advanced O +head O +and O +neck O +carcinoma O +and O +esophageal O +carcinoma O +is O +poor O +with O +radiotherapy O +and O +/ O +or O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +Obviously O +, O +there O +is O +a O +need O +for O +effective O +chemotherapy O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +present O +study O +, O +cis B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +platin I-Chemical +( O +80 O +- O +120 O +mg O +/ O +m2BSA O +) O +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +( O +1000 O +mg O +/ O +m2BSA O +daily O +as O +a O +continuous O +infusion O +during O +5 O +days O +) O +were O +given O +to O +76 O +patients O +before O +radiotherapy O +and O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +the O +study O +was O +to O +clarify O +the O +incidence O +and O +severity O +of O +adverse O +cardiac O +effects O +to O +this O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Before O +treatment O +all O +patients O +had O +a O +cardiac O +evaluation O +and O +during O +treatment O +serial O +ECG O +recordings O +were O +performed O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +pre O +- O +treatment O +evaluation O +, O +signs O +of O +cardiovascular O +disease O +were O +found O +in O +33 O +patients O +( O +43 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +treatment O +, O +adverse O +cardiac O +effects O +were O +observed O +in O +14 O +patients O +( O +18 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +age O +of O +these O +patients O +was O +the O +same O +as O +for O +the O +entire O +group O +, O +64 O +years O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +cardiotoxicity O +was O +not O +higher O +in O +patients O +with O +signs O +of O +cardiovascular O +disease O +than O +in O +those O +without O +in O +the O +pre O +- O +treatment O +evaluation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +common O +signs O +of O +cardiotoxicity O +were O +chest O +pain O +, O +ST O +- O +T O +wave O +changes O +and O +atrial O +fibrillation O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +was O +followed O +by O +ventricular O +fibrillation O +in O +one O +patient O +and O +sudden O +death O +in O +another O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +patients O +on O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +treatment O +should O +be O +under O +close O +supervision O +and O +that O +the O +treatment O +should O +be O +discontinued O +if O +chest O +pain O +or O +tachyarrhythmia O +is O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +Death O +from O +chemotherapy O +in O +gestational O +trophoblastic O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Multiple O +cytotoxic O +drug O +administration O +is O +the O +generally O +accepted O +treatment O +of O +patients O +with O +a O +high O +- O +risk O +stage O +of O +choriocarcinoma O +. O + +aps B-category +Based O +on O +this O +principle O +a O +27 O +- O +year O +old O +woman O +, O +classified O +as O +being O +in O +the O +high O +- O +risk O +group O +( O +Goldstein O +and O +Berkowitz O +score O +: O +11 O +) O +, O +was O +treated O +with O +multiple O +cytotoxic O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +multiple O +drug O +schema O +consisted O +of O +: O +Etoposide B-Chemical +16 O +. O +213 O +, O +Methotrexate B-Chemical +, O +Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +, O +Actomycin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +, O +and O +Cisplatin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +first O +day O +of O +the O +schedule O +, O +moderate O +high O +doses O +of O +Methotrexate B-Chemical +, O +Etoposide B-Chemical +and O +Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +were O +administered O +. O + +aps B-category +Within O +8 O +hours O +after O +initiation O +of O +therapy O +the O +patient O +died O +with O +a O +clinical O +picture O +resembling O +massive O +pulmonary O +obstruction O +due O +to O +choriocarcinomic O +tissue O +plugs O +, O +probably O +originating O +from O +the O +uterus O +. O + +aps B-category +Formation O +of O +these O +plugs O +was O +probably O +due O +to O +extensive O +tumor O +necrosis O +at O +the O +level O +of O +the O +walls O +of O +the O +major O +uterine O +veins O +, O +which O +resulted O +in O +an O +open O +exchange O +of O +tumor O +plugs O +to O +the O +vascular O +spaces O +; O +decrease O +in O +tumor O +tissue O +coherence O +secondary O +to O +chemotherapy O +may O +have O +further O +contributed O +to O +the O +formation O +of O +tumor O +emboli O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +view O +of O +the O +close O +time O +association O +between O +the O +start O +of O +chemotherapy O +and O +the O +acute O +onset O +of O +massive O +embolism O +other O +explanations O +, O +such O +as O +spontaneous O +necrosis O +, O +must O +be O +considered O +less O +likely O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +with O +large O +pelvic O +tumor O +loads O +are O +, O +according O +to O +existing O +classifications O +, O +at O +high O +risk O +to O +die O +and O +to O +develop O +drug O +resistance O +. O + +aps B-category +Notwithstanding O +these O +facts O +our O +findings O +suggest O +that O +these O +patients O +might O +benefit O +from O +relatively O +mild O +initial O +treatment O +, O +especially O +true O +for O +patients O +not O +previously O +exposed O +to O +this O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +Close O +observation O +of O +the O +response O +status O +both O +clinically O +and O +with O +beta O +- O +hCG O +values O +may O +indicate O +whether O +and O +when O +more O +agressive O +combination O +chemotherapy O +should O +be O +started O +. O +( O +ABSTRACT O +TRUNCATED O +AT O +250 O +WORDS O +) O + +aps B-category +Pulmonary O +shunt O +and O +cardiovascular O +responses O +to O +CPAP O +during O +nitroprusside B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypotension O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +continuous O +positive O +airway O +pressure O +( O +CPAP O +) O +on O +cardiovascular O +dynamics O +and O +pulmonary O +shunt O +( O +QS O +/ O +QT O +) O +were O +investigated O +in O +12 O +dogs O +before O +and O +during O +sodium B-Chemical +nitroprusside I-Chemical +infusion O +that O +decreased O +mean O +arterial O +blood O +pressure O +40 O +- O +50 O +per O +cent O +. O + +aps B-category +Before O +nitroprusside B-Chemical +infusion O +, O +5 O +cm O +H2O B-Chemical +CPAP O +significantly O +, O +P O +less O +than O +. O +05 O +, O +decreased O +arterial O +blood O +pressure O +, O +but O +did O +not O +significantly O +alter O +heart O +rate O +, O +cardiac O +output O +, O +systemic O +vascular O +resistance O +, O +or O +QS O +/ O +QT O +. O + +aps B-category +Ten O +cm O +H2O B-Chemical +CPAP O +before O +nitroprusside B-Chemical +infusion O +produced O +a O +further O +decrease O +in O +arterial O +blood O +pressure O +and O +significantly O +increased O +heart O +rate O +and O +decreased O +cardiac O +output O +and O +QS O +/ O +QT O +. O + +aps B-category +Nitroprusside B-Chemical +caused O +significant O +decreases O +in O +arterial O +blood O +pressure O +and O +systemic O +vascular O +resistance O +and O +increases O +in O +heart O +rate O +, O +but O +did O +not O +change O +cardiac O +output O +or O +QS O +/ O +QT O +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +cm O +H2O B-Chemical +CPAP O +during O +nitroprusside B-Chemical +did O +not O +further O +alter O +any O +of O +the O +above O +- O +mentioned O +variables O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +10 O +cm O +H2O B-Chemical +CPAP O +decreased O +arterial O +blood O +pressure O +, O +cardiac O +output O +, O +and O +QS O +/ O +QT O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +indicate O +that O +nitroprusside B-Chemical +infusion O +rates O +that O +decrease O +mean O +arterial O +blood O +pressure O +by O +40 O +- O +50 O +per O +cent O +do O +not O +change O +cardiac O +output O +or O +QS O +/ O +QT O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +nitroprusside B-Chemical +infusion O +low O +levels O +of O +CPAP O +do O +not O +markedly O +alter O +cardiovascular O +dynamics O +, O +but O +high O +levels O +of O +CPAP O +( O +10 O +cm O +H2O B-Chemical +) O +, O +while O +decreasing O +QS O +/ O +QT O +, O +produce O +marked O +decreases O +in O +arterial O +blood O +pressure O +and O +cardiac O +output O +. O + +aps B-category +Systolic O +pressure O +variation O +is O +greater O +during O +hemorrhage O +than O +during O +sodium B-Chemical +nitroprusside I-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypotension O +in O +ventilated O +dogs O +. 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O +5 O +% O +of O +all O +the O +cases O +, O +the O +aetiology O +of O +the O +neuropathy O +was O +undetermined O +. O + +aps B-category +Heredofamilial O +and O +connective O +tissue O +disorders O +were O +rare O +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +of O +the O +factors O +related O +to O +the O +clinical O +presentation O +and O +pathogenesis O +of O +the O +neuropathies O +are O +briefly O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduction O +in O +caffeine B-Chemical +toxicity O +by O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +patient O +who O +allegedly O +consumed O +100 O +tablets O +of O +an O +over O +- O +the O +- O +counter O +analgesic O +containing O +sodium B-Chemical +acetylsalicylate I-Chemical +, O +caffeine B-Chemical +, O +and O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +displayed O +no O +significant O +CNS O +stimulation O +despite O +the O +presence O +of O +175 O +micrograms O +of O +caffeine B-Chemical +per O +mL O +of O +serum O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Biological O +features O +of O +hepatitis O +disappeared O +in O +all O +cases O +after O +cessation O +of O +the O +incriminated O +drug O +, O +while O +biliary O +, O +viral O +and O +immunological O +searches O +were O +negative O +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +2 O +patients O +of O +our O +retrospective O +study O +experienced O +a O +mild O +or O +severe O +neutropenia O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +Toxic O +hepatitis O +is O +a O +potential O +adverse O +effect O +of O +antithyroid O +drugs O +which O +warrants O +, O +as O +for O +haematological O +disturbances O +, O +a O +pre O +- O +therapeutic O +determination O +and O +a O +careful O +follow O +- O +up O +of O +relevant O +biological O +markers O +. O + +aps B-category +Moreover O +, O +hepatotoxicity O +may O +not O +be O +restricted O +to O +one O +class O +of O +antithyroid O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +Interactive O +effects O +of O +variations O +in O +[ O +Na B-Chemical +] O +o O +and O +[ O +Ca B-Chemical +] O +o O +on O +rat O +atrial O +spontaneous O +frequency O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +varying O +the O +extracellular O +concentrations O +of O +Na B-Chemical +and O +Ca B-Chemical +( O +[ O +Na B-Chemical +] O +o O +and O +[ O +Ca B-Chemical +] O +o O +) O +on O +both O +, O +the O +spontaneous O +beating O +and O +the O +negative O +chronotropic O +action O +of O +verapamil B-Chemical +, O +were O +studied O +in O +the O +isolated O +rat O +atria O +. O + +aps B-category +Basal O +frequency O +( O +BF O +) O +evaluated O +by O +surface O +electrogram O +was O +223 O ++ O +/ O +- O +4 O +beats O +/ O +min O +. O +in O +control O +Krebs O +- O +Ringer O +containing O +137 O +mM O +Na B-Chemical +and O +1 O +. O +35 O +mM O +Ca B-Chemical +( O +N O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +decreased O +by O +16 O ++ O +/ O +- O +3 O +% O +by O +lowering O +[ O +Na B-Chemical +] O +o O +to O +78 O +mM O +( O +LNa O +) O +, O +23 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +% O +by O +lowering O +simultaneously O +[ O +Na B-Chemical +] O +o O +to O +78 O +mM O +and O +[ O +Ca B-Chemical +] O +o O +to O +0 O +. O +675 O +mM O +( O +LNa O ++ O +LCa O +) O +and O +31 O ++ O +/ O +- O +5 O +% O +by O +lowering O +[ O +Na B-Chemical +] O +o O +to O +78 O +mM O +plus O +increasing O +[ O +Ca B-Chemical +] O +o O +to O +3 O +. O +6 O +mM O +( O +LNa O ++ O +HCa O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +normal O +[ O +Na B-Chemical +] O +o O +, O +decrease O +( O +0 O +. O +675 O +mM O +) O +or O +increase O +( O +3 O +. O +6 O +mM O +) O +of O +[ O +Ca B-Chemical +] O +o O +did O +not O +modify O +BF O +; O +a O +reduction O +of O +ten O +times O +( O +0 O +. O +135 O +mM O +of O +normal O +[ O +Ca B-Chemical +] O +o O +was O +effective O +to O +reduce O +BF O +by O +40 O ++ O +/ O +- O +13 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +negative O +chronotropic O +effects O +were O +BF O +- O +dependent O +. O + +aps B-category +Dose O +- O +dependent O +bradycardia O +induced O +by O +verapamil B-Chemical +was O +potentiated O +by O +LNa O +, O +LCa O +, O +and O +HCa O +. O + +aps B-category +Independent O +but O +not O +additive O +effects O +of O +Na B-Chemical +and O +Ca B-Chemical +are O +shown O +by O +decreases O +in O +the O +values O +of O +[ O +verapamil B-Chemical +] O +o O +needed O +to O +reduce O +BF O +by O +30 O +% O +( O +IC30 O +) O +with O +the O +following O +order O +of O +inhibitory O +potency O +: O +LNa O +> O +LCa O +> O +HCa O +> O +N O +, O +resulting O +LNa O ++ O +HCa O +similar O +to O +LNa O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +[ O +verapamil B-Chemical +] O +o O +that O +arrested O +atrial O +beating O +( O +AC O +) O +was O +also O +potentiated O +with O +the O +order O +LNa O += O +LNa O ++ O +LCa O += O +LNa O ++ O +HCa O += O +LCa O +> O +HCa O += O +N O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +indicate O +that O +rat O +atrial O +spontaneous O +beating O +is O +more O +dependent O +on O +[ O +Na B-Chemical +] O +o O +than O +on O +[ O +Ca B-Chemical +] O +o O +in O +a O +range O +of O ++ O +/ O +- O +50 O +% O +of O +their O +normal O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +Also O +the O +enhancement O +of O +verapamil B-Chemical +effects O +on O +atrial O +beating O +was O +more O +pronounced O +at O +LNa O +than O +at O +LCa O +. O +( O +ABSTRACT O +TRUNCATED O +AT O +250 O +WORDS O +) O + +aps B-category +Pseudo O +- O +allergic O +reactions O +to O +corticosteroids B-Chemical +: O +diagnosis O +and O +alternatives O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +patients O +treated O +with O +parenteral O +paramethasone B-Chemical +( O +Triniol O +) O +and O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +( O +Sedionbel O +) O +are O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +few O +minutes O +after O +administration O +of O +the O +drugs O +, O +they O +presented O +urticaria O +( O +patients O +1 O +and O +2 O +) O +and O +conjunctivitis O +( O +patient O +1 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purpose O +of O +our O +study O +was O +to O +determine O +the O +cause O +of O +the O +patients O +' O +reactions O +, O +the O +immunological O +mechanisms O +involved O +and O +whether O +these O +patients O +would O +be O +able O +to O +tolerate O +any O +kind O +of O +corticoid O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +examinations O +and O +skin O +, O +oral O +and O +parenteral O +challenges O +with O +different O +corticosteroids B-Chemical +and O +ELISA O +tests O +were O +performed O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +two O +patients O +, O +skin O +and O +ELISA O +tests O +with O +paramethasone B-Chemical +were O +negative O +, O +as O +was O +the O +prick O +test O +with O +each O +of O +its O +excipients O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +single O +- O +blind O +parenteral O +challenge O +with O +Triniol O +was O +positive O +in O +both O +patients O +after O +the O +administration O +of O +1 O +ml O +of O +the O +drug O +, O +and O +negative O +with O +its O +excipients O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +also O +carried O +out O +oral O +and O +parenteral O +challenges O +with O +other O +corticosteroids B-Chemical +and O +found O +intolerance O +to O +some O +of O +them O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +paramethasone B-Chemical +caused O +pseudoallergic O +reactions O +in O +our O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Corticosteroids O +different O +from O +paramethasone B-Chemical +also O +produced O +hypersensitivity O +reactions O +in O +these O +patients O +; O +however O +, O +a O +few O +of O +them O +were O +tolerated O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +basic O +mechanisms O +of O +those O +reactions O +are O +not O +yet O +fully O +understood O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +our O +knowledge O +, O +this O +is O +the O +first O +report O +of O +a O +pseudo O +- O +allergy O +caused O +by O +paramethasone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Study O +of O +the O +role O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +B12 I-Chemical +and O +folinic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +supplementation O +in O +preventing O +hematologic O +toxicity O +of O +zidovudine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +prospective O +, O +randomized O +study O +was O +conducted O +to O +evaluate O +the O +role O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +B12 I-Chemical +and O +folinic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +supplementation O +in O +preventing O +zidovudine B-Chemical +( O +ZDV B-Chemical +) O +- O +induced O +bone O +marrow O +suppression O +. O + +aps B-category +Seventy O +- O +five O +human O +immunodeficiency O +virus O +( O +HIV O +) O +- O +infected O +patients O +with O +CD4 O ++ O +cell O +counts O +< O +500 O +/ O +mm3 O +were O +randomized O +to O +receive O +either O +ZDV B-Chemical +( O +500 O +mg O +daily O +) O +alone O +( O +group O +I O +, O +n O += O +38 O +) O +or O +in O +combination O +with O +folinic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +15 O +mg O +daily O +) O +and O +intramascular O +vitamin B-Chemical +B12 I-Chemical +( O +1000 O +micrograms O +monthly O +) O +( O +group O +II O +, O +n O += O +37 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Finally O +, O +15 O +patients O +were O +excluded O +from O +the O +study O +( O +noncompliance O +14 O +, O +death O +1 O +) O +; O +thus O +, O +60 O +patients O +( O +31 O +in O +group O +I O +and O +29 O +in O +group O +II O +) O +were O +eligible O +for O +analysis O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +significant O +differences O +between O +groups O +were O +found O +at O +enrollment O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +the O +study O +, O +vitamin B-Chemical +B12 I-Chemical +and O +folate B-Chemical +levels O +were O +significantly O +higher O +in O +group O +II O +patients O +; O +however O +, O +no O +differences O +in O +hemoglobin O +, O +hematocrit O +, O +mean O +corpuscular O +volume O +, O +and O +white O +- O +cell O +, O +neutrophil O +and O +platelet O +counts O +were O +observed O +between O +groups O +at O +3 O +, O +6 O +, O +9 O +and O +12 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +Severe O +hematologic O +toxicity O +( O +neutrophil O +count O +< O +1000 O +/ O +mm3 O +and O +/ O +or O +hemoglobin O +< O +8 O +g O +/ O +dl O +) O +occurred O +in O +4 O +patients O +assigned O +to O +group O +I O +and O +7 O +assigned O +to O +group O +II O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +correlation O +between O +vitamin B-Chemical +B12 I-Chemical +or O +folate B-Chemical +levels O +and O +development O +of O +myelosuppression O +. O + +aps B-category +Vitamin B-Chemical +B12 I-Chemical +and O +folinic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +supplementation O +of O +ZDV B-Chemical +therapy O +does O +not O +seem O +useful O +in O +preventing O +or O +reducing O +ZDV B-Chemical +- O +induced O +myelotoxicity O +in O +the O +overall O +treated O +population O +, O +although O +a O +beneficial O +effect O +in O +certain O +subgroups O +of O +patients O +cannot O +be O +excluded O +. O + +aps B-category +Safety O +and O +side O +- O +effects O +of O +alprazolam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Controlled O +study O +in O +agoraphobia O +with O +panic O +disorder O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +The O +widespread O +use O +of O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +has O +led O +to O +increasing O +recognition O +of O +their O +unwanted O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +efficacy O +of O +alprazolam B-Chemical +and O +placebo O +in O +panic O +disorder O +with O +agoraphobia O +, O +and O +the O +side O +- O +effect O +and O +adverse O +effect O +profiles O +of O +both O +drug O +groups O +were O +measured O +. O + +aps B-category +METHOD O +: O +In O +London O +and O +Toronto O +154 O +patients O +who O +met O +DSM O +- O +III O +criteria O +for O +panic O +disorder O +with O +agoraphobia O +were O +randomised O +to O +alprazolam B-Chemical +or O +placebo O +. O + +aps B-category +Subjects O +in O +each O +drug O +group O +also O +received O +either O +exposure O +or O +relaxation O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +was O +from O +weeks O +0 O +to O +8 O +and O +was O +then O +tapered O +from O +weeks O +8 O +to O +16 O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Mean O +alprazolam B-Chemical +dose O +was O +5 O +mg O +daily O +. O + +aps B-category +Compared O +with O +placebo O +subjects O +, O +alprazolam B-Chemical +patients O +developed O +more O +adverse O +reactions O +( O +21 O +% O +v O +. O +0 O +% O +) O +of O +depression O +, O +enuresis O +, O +disinhibition O +and O +aggression O +; O +and O +more O +side O +- O +effects O +, O +particularly O +sedation O +, O +irritability O +, O +impaired O +memory O +, O +weight O +loss O +and O +ataxia O +. O + +aps B-category +Side O +- O +effects O +tended O +to O +diminish O +during O +treatment O +but O +remained O +significant O +at O +week O +8 O +. O + +aps B-category +Despite O +this O +, O +the O +drop O +- O +out O +rate O +was O +low O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Alprazolam B-Chemical +caused O +side O +- O +effects O +and O +adverse O +effects O +during O +treatment O +but O +many O +patients O +were O +willing O +to O +accept O +these O +. O + +aps B-category +Crescentic O +fibrillary O +glomerulonephritis O +associated O +with O +intermittent O +rifampin B-Chemical +therapy O +for O +pulmonary O +tuberculosis O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +case O +study O +reveals O +an O +unusual O +finding O +of O +rapidly O +proliferative O +crescentic O +glomerulonephritis O +in O +a O +patient O +treated O +with O +rifampin B-Chemical +who O +had O +no O +other O +identifiable O +causes O +for O +developing O +this O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +patient O +underwent O +a O +10 O +- O +month O +regimen O +of O +rifampin B-Chemical +and O +isoniazid B-Chemical +for O +pulmonary O +tuberculosis O +and O +was O +discovered O +to O +have O +developed O +signs O +of O +severe O +renal O +failure O +five O +weeks O +after O +completion O +of O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Renal O +biopsy O +revealed O +severe O +glomerulonephritis O +with O +crescents O +, O +electron O +dense O +fibrillar O +deposits O +and O +moderate O +lymphocytic O +interstitial O +infiltrate O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +possible O +causes O +of O +rapidly O +progressive O +glomerulonephritis O +were O +investigated O +and O +ruled O +out O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +report O +documents O +the O +unusual O +occurrence O +of O +rapidly O +progressive O +glomerulonephritis O +with O +crescents O +and O +fibrillar O +glomerulonephritis O +in O +a O +patient O +treated O +with O +rifampin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +confusion O +induced O +by O +a O +high O +- O +dose O +infusion O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluorouracil I-Chemical +and O +folinic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +61 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +man O +was O +treated O +with O +combination O +chemotherapy O +incorporating O +cisplatinum B-Chemical +, O +etoposide B-Chemical +, O +high O +- O +dose O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluorouracil I-Chemical +( O +2 O +, O +250 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +/ O +24 O +hours O +) O +and O +folinic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +for O +an O +inoperable O +gastric O +adenocarcinoma O +. O + +aps B-category +He O +developed O +acute O +neurologic O +symptoms O +of O +mental O +confusion O +, O +disorientation O +and O +irritability O +, O +and O +then O +lapsed O +into O +a O +deep O +coma O +, O +lasting O +for O +approximately O +40 O +hours O +during O +the O +first O +dose O +( O +day O +2 O +) O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluorouracil I-Chemical +and O +folinic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +infusion O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +complication O +reappeared O +on O +day O +25 O +during O +the O +second O +dose O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluorouracil I-Chemical +and O +folinic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +which O +were O +then O +the O +only O +drugs O +given O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +folinic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +was O +unlikely O +to O +be O +associated O +with O +this O +condition O +, O +neurotoxicity O +due O +to O +high O +- O +dose O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluorouracil I-Chemical +was O +highly O +suspected O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pathogenesis O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluorouracil I-Chemical +neurotoxicity O +may O +be O +due O +to O +a O +Krebs O +cycle O +blockade O +by O +fluoroacetate B-Chemical +and O +fluorocitrate B-Chemical +, O +thiamine B-Chemical +deficiency O +, O +or O +dihydrouracil B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +deficiency O +. O + +aps B-category +High O +- O +dose O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluorouracil I-Chemical +/ O +folinic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +infusion O +therapy O +has O +recently O +become O +a O +popular O +regimen O +for O +various O +cancers O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +necessary O +that O +both O +oncologists O +and O +neurologists O +be O +fully O +aware O +of O +this O +unusual O +complication O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +switching O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +to O +oxcarbazepine B-Chemical +on O +the O +plasma O +levels O +of O +neuroleptics O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +case O +report O +. O + +aps B-category +Carbamazepine B-Chemical +was O +switched O +to O +its O +10 O +- O +keto O +analogue O +oxcarbazepine B-Chemical +among O +six O +difficult O +- O +to O +- O +treat O +schizophrenic O +or O +organic O +psychotic O +patients O +using O +concomitantly O +haloperidol B-Chemical +, O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +or O +clozapine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +change O +resulted O +within O +2 O +- O +4 O +weeks O +in O +the O +50 O +- O +200 O +% O +increase O +in O +the O +plasma O +levels O +of O +these O +neuroleptics O +and O +the O +appearance O +of O +extrapyramidal O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +None O +of O +the O +patients O +showed O +any O +clinical O +deteriotation O +during O +the O +following O +3 O +- O +6 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +of O +this O +case O +report O +support O +the O +idea O +that O +in O +contrast O +with O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +oxcarbazepine B-Chemical +does O +not O +induce O +the O +hepatic O +microsomal O +enzyme O +systems O +regulating O +the O +inactivation O +of O +antipsychotic O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Time O +course O +of O +lipid O +peroxidation O +in O +puromycin B-Chemical +aminonucleoside I-Chemical +- O +induced O +nephropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Reactive O +oxygen B-Chemical +species O +have O +been O +implicated O +in O +the O +pathogenesis O +of O +acute O +puromycin B-Chemical +aminonucleoside I-Chemical +( O +PAN B-Chemical +) O +- O +induced O +nephropathy O +, O +with O +antioxidants O +significantly O +reducing O +the O +proteinuria O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +temporal O +relationship O +between O +lipid O +peroxidation O +in O +the O +kidney O +and O +proteinuria O +was O +examined O +in O +this O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +Rats O +were O +treated O +with O +a O +single O +IV O +injection O +of O +puromycin B-Chemical +aminonucleoside I-Chemical +, O +( O +PAN B-Chemical +, O +7 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +and O +24 O +hour O +urine O +samples O +were O +obtained O +prior O +to O +sacrifice O +on O +days O +3 O +, O +5 O +, O +7 O +, O +10 O +, O +17 O +, O +27 O +, O +41 O +( O +N O += O +5 O +- O +10 O +per O +group O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +kidneys O +were O +removed O +, O +flushed O +with O +ice O +cold O +TRIS O +buffer O +. O + +aps B-category +Kidney O +cortices O +from O +each O +animal O +were O +used O +to O +prepare O +homogenates O +. O + +aps B-category +Tissue O +lipid O +peroxidation O +was O +measured O +in O +whole O +homogenates O +as O +well O +as O +in O +lipid O +extracts O +from O +homogenates O +as O +thiobarbituric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +reactive O +substances O +. O + +aps B-category +Proteinuria O +was O +evident O +at O +day O +5 O +, O +peaked O +at O +day O +7 O +and O +persisted O +to O +day O +27 O +. O + +aps B-category +Lipid O +peroxidation O +in O +homogenates O +was O +maximal O +at O +day O +3 O +and O +declined O +rapidly O +to O +control O +levels O +by O +day O +17 O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +supports O +the O +role O +of O +lipid O +peroxidation O +in O +mediating O +the O +proteinuric O +injury O +in O +PAN B-Chemical +nephropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Composition O +of O +gall O +bladder O +stones O +associated O +with O +octreotide B-Chemical +: O +response O +to O +oral O +ursodeoxycholic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Octreotide B-Chemical +, O +an O +effective O +treatment O +for O +acromegaly O +, O +induces O +gall O +bladder O +stones O +in O +13 O +- O +60 O +% O +of O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +knowledge O +of O +stone O +composition O +is O +essential O +for O +studies O +of O +their O +pathogenesis O +, O +treatment O +, O +and O +prevention O +, O +this O +was O +investigated O +by O +direct O +and O +indirect O +methods O +in O +14 O +octreotide B-Chemical +treated O +acromegalic O +patients O +with O +gall O +stones O +. O + +aps B-category +Chemical O +analysis O +of O +gall O +stones O +retrieved O +at O +cholecystectomy O +from O +two O +patients O +, O +showed O +that O +they O +contained O +71 O +% O +and O +87 O +% O +cholesterol B-Chemical +by O +weight O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +remaining O +12 O +patients O +, O +localised O +computed O +tomography O +of O +the O +gall O +bladder O +showed O +that O +eight O +had O +stones O +with O +maximum O +attenuation O +scores O +of O +< O +100 O +Hounsfield O +units O +( O +values O +of O +< O +100 O +HU O +predict O +cholesterol B-Chemical +rich O +, O +dissolvable O +stones O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Gall O +bladder O +bile O +was O +obtained O +by O +ultrasound O +guided O +, O +fine O +needle O +puncture O +from O +six O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +six O +patients O +had O +supersaturated O +bile O +( O +mean O +( O +SEM O +) O +cholesterol B-Chemical +saturation O +index O +of O +1 O +. O +19 O +( O +0 O +. O +08 O +) O +( O +range O +1 O +. O +01 O +- O +1 O +. O +53 O +) O +) O +and O +all O +had O +abnormally O +rapid O +cholesterol B-Chemical +microcrystal O +nucleation O +times O +( O +< O +4 O +days O +( O +range O +1 O +- O +4 O +) O +) O +, O +whilst O +in O +four O +, O +the O +bile O +contained O +cholesterol B-Chemical +microcrystals O +immediately O +after O +sampling O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +the O +12 O +patients O +considered O +for O +oral O +ursodeoxycholic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +UDCA B-Chemical +) O +treatment O +, O +two O +had O +a O +blocked O +cystic O +duct O +and O +were O +not O +started O +on O +UDCA B-Chemical +while O +one O +was O +lost O +to O +follow O +up O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +one O +year O +of O +treatment O +, O +five O +of O +the O +remaining O +nine O +patients O +showed O +either O +partial O +( O +n O += O +3 O +) O +or O +complete O +( O +n O += O +2 O +) O +gall O +stone O +dissolution O +, O +suggesting O +that O +their O +stones O +were O +cholesterol B-Chemical +rich O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +corresponds O +, O +by O +actuarial O +( O +life O +table O +) O +analysis O +, O +to O +a O +combined O +gall O +stone O +dissolution O +rate O +of O +58 O +. O +3 O +( O +15 O +. O +9 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +conclusion O +, O +octreotide B-Chemical +induced O +gall O +stones O +are O +generally O +small O +, O +multiple O +, O +and O +cholesterol B-Chemical +rich O +although O +, O +in O +common O +with O +spontaneous O +gall O +stone O +disease O +, O +at O +presentation O +some O +patients O +will O +have O +a O +blocked O +cystic O +duct O +and O +some O +gall O +stones O +containing O +calcium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Erythema O +multiforme O +and O +hypersensitivity O +myocarditis O +caused O +by O +ampicillin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +report O +a O +case O +of O +erythema O +multiforme O +and O +hypersensitivity O +myocarditis O +caused O +by O +ampicillin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +CASE O +SUMMARY O +: O +A O +13 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +boy O +was O +treated O +with O +ampicillin B-Chemical +and O +gentamicin B-Chemical +because O +of O +suspected O +septicemia O +. O + +aps B-category +Medications O +were O +discontinued O +when O +erythema O +multiforme O +and O +congestive O +heart O +failure O +caused O +by O +myocarditis O +occurred O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +was O +treated O +with O +methylprednisolone B-Chemical +and O +gradually O +improved O +. O + +aps B-category +Macrophage O +- O +migration O +inhibition O +( O +MIF O +) O +test O +with O +ampicillin B-Chemical +was O +positive O +. O + +aps B-category +DISCUSSION O +: O +After O +most O +infections O +causing O +erythema O +multiforme O +and O +myocarditis O +were O +ruled O +out O +, O +a O +drug O +- O +induced O +allergic O +reaction O +was O +suspected O +. O + +aps B-category +Positive O +MIF O +test O +for O +ampicillin B-Chemical +showed O +sensitization O +of O +the O +patient O +' O +s O +lymphocytes O +to O +ampicillin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Hypersensitivity O +myocarditis O +is O +a O +rare O +and O +dangerous O +manifestation O +of O +allergy O +to O +penicillins B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Clomipramine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +sleep O +disturbance O +does O +not O +impair O +its O +prolactin O +- O +releasing O +action O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +study O +was O +undertaken O +to O +examine O +the O +role O +of O +sleep O +disturbance O +, O +induced O +by O +clomipramine B-Chemical +administration O +, O +on O +the O +secretory O +rate O +of O +prolactin O +( O +PRL O +) O +in O +addition O +to O +the O +direct O +drug O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +groups O +of O +supine O +subjects O +were O +studied O +under O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +conditions O +, O +one O +during O +the O +night O +, O +when O +sleeping O +( O +n O += O +7 O +) O +and O +the O +other O +at O +daytime O +, O +when O +awake O +( O +n O += O +6 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Each O +subject O +received O +a O +single O +50 O +mg O +dose O +of O +clomipramine B-Chemical +given O +orally O +2 O +hours O +before O +blood O +collection O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +PRL O +concentrations O +were O +analysed O +at O +10 O +min O +intervals O +and O +underlying O +secretory O +rates O +calculated O +by O +a O +deconvolution O +procedure O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +both O +experiments O +the O +drug O +intake O +led O +to O +significant O +increases O +in O +PRL O +secretion O +, O +acting O +preferentially O +on O +tonic O +secretion O +as O +pulse O +amplitude O +and O +frequency O +did O +not O +differ O +significantly O +from O +corresponding O +control O +values O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +the O +night O +clomipramine B-Chemical +ingestion O +altered O +the O +complete O +sleep O +architecture O +in O +that O +it O +suppressed O +REM O +sleep O +and O +the O +sleep O +cycles O +and O +induced O +increased O +wakefulness O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +the O +relative O +increase O +in O +PRL O +secretion O +expressed O +as O +a O +percentage O +of O +the O +mean O +did O +not O +significantly O +differ O +between O +the O +night O +and O +day O +time O +studies O +( O +46 O ++ O +/ O +- O +19 O +% O +vs O +34 O ++ O +/ O +- O +10 O +% O +) O +, O +it O +can O +be O +concluded O +that O +the O +observed O +sleep O +disturbance O +did O +not O +interfere O +with O +the O +drug O +action O +per O +se O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +presence O +of O +REM O +sleep O +was O +shown O +not O +to O +be O +a O +determining O +factor O +either O +for O +secretory O +pulse O +amplitude O +and O +frequency O +, O +as O +, O +for O +both O +, O +mean O +nocturnal O +values O +were O +similar O +with O +and O +without O +prior O +clomipramine B-Chemical +ingestion O +. O + +aps B-category +Survey O +of O +complications O +of O +indocyanine B-Chemical +green I-Chemical +angiography O +in O +Japan O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +We O +evaluated O +the O +safety O +of O +indocyanine B-Chemical +green I-Chemical +for O +use O +in O +fundus O +angiography O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +We O +sent O +a O +questionnaire O +concerning O +complications O +of O +indocyanine B-Chemical +green I-Chemical +to O +32 O +institutions O +in O +Japan O +, O +which O +were O +selected O +on O +the O +basis O +of O +the O +client O +list O +from O +the O +Topcon O +Company O +, O +which O +manufactures O +the O +indocyanine B-Chemical +green I-Chemical +fundus O +camera O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Ophthalmologists O +at O +15 O +institutions O +responded O +, O +reporting O +a O +total O +of O +3 O +, O +774 O +indocyanine B-Chemical +green I-Chemical +angiograms O +performed O +on O +2 O +, O +820 O +patients O +between O +June O +1984 O +and O +September O +1992 O +. O + +aps B-category +Before O +angiography O +, O +intradermal O +or O +intravenous O +indocyanine B-Chemical +green I-Chemical +testing O +, O +or O +both O +was O +performed O +at O +13 O +of O +15 O +institutions O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +three O +patients O +, O +the O +decision O +was O +made O +not O +to O +proceed O +with O +angiography O +after O +positive O +preangiographic O +testing O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dosage O +of O +indocyanine B-Chemical +green I-Chemical +used O +for O +angiography O +varied O +from O +25 O +to O +75 O +mg O +, O +depending O +upon O +the O +institution O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +were O +13 O +cases O +of O +adverse O +reactions O +( O +0 O +. O +34 O +% O +) O +, O +ten O +of O +which O +were O +mild O +reactions O +such O +as O +nausea O +, O +exanthema O +, O +urtication O +, O +itchiness O +, O +and O +urgency O +to O +defecate O +, O +and O +did O +not O +require O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Also O +recorded O +were O +one O +case O +of O +pain O +of O +the O +vein O +, O +which O +required O +treatment O +, O +and O +two O +cases O +of O +hypotension O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +two O +hypotensive O +patients O +required O +treatment O +for O +shock O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +A O +comparison O +of O +frequency O +of O +adverse O +reactions O +to O +indocyanine B-Chemical +green I-Chemical +with O +the O +previously O +reported O +frequency O +of O +such O +reactions O +to O +fluorescein B-Chemical +sodium I-Chemical +indicated O +that O +indocyanine B-Chemical +green I-Chemical +is O +a O +safe O +as O +fluorescein B-Chemical +for O +use O +in O +angiography O +. O + +aps B-category +Angioedema O +following O +the O +intravenous O +administration O +of O +metoprolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +72 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +was O +admitted O +to O +the O +hospital O +with O +" O +flash O +" O +pulmonary O +edema O +, O +preceded O +by O +chest O +pain O +, O +requiring O +intubation O +. O + +aps B-category +Her O +medical O +history O +included O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +with O +previous O +myocardial O +infarctions O +, O +hypertension O +, O +and O +diabetes O +mellitus O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +history O +of O +angioedema O +secondary O +to O +lisinopril B-Chemical +therapy O +was O +elicited O +. O + +aps B-category +Current O +medications O +did O +not O +include O +angiotensin B-Chemical +- O +converting O +enzyme O +inhibitors O +or O +beta O +- O +blockers O +. O + +aps B-category +She O +had O +no O +previous O +beta O +- O +blocking O +drug O +exposure O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +the O +first O +day O +of O +hospitalization O +( O +while O +intubated O +) O +, O +intravenous O +metoprolol B-Chemical +was O +given O +, O +resulting O +in O +severe O +angioedema O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +angioedema O +resolved O +after O +therapy O +with O +intravenous O +steroids B-Chemical +and O +diphenhydramine B-Chemical +hydrochloride O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +coniine B-Chemical +on O +the O +developing O +chick O +embryo O +. O + +aps B-category +Coniine B-Chemical +, O +an O +alkaloid O +from O +Conium O +maculatum O +( O +poison O +hemlock O +) O +, O +has O +been O +shown O +to O +be O +teratogenic O +in O +livestock O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +major O +teratogenic O +outcome O +is O +arthrogryposis O +, O +presumably O +due O +to O +nicotinic O +receptor O +blockade O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +coniine B-Chemical +has O +failed O +to O +produce O +arthrogryposis O +in O +rats O +or O +mice O +and O +is O +only O +weakly O +teratogenic O +in O +rabbits O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purpose O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +evaluate O +and O +compare O +the O +effects O +of O +coniine B-Chemical +and O +nicotine B-Chemical +in O +the O +developing O +chick O +. O + +aps B-category +Concentrations O +of O +coniine B-Chemical +and O +nicotine B-Chemical +sulfate O +were O +0 O +. O +015 O +% O +, O +0 O +. O +03 O +% O +, O +0 O +. O +075 O +% O +, O +0 O +. O +15 O +% O +, O +0 O +. O +75 O +% O +, O +1 O +. O +5 O +% O +, O +3 O +% O +, O +and O +6 O +% O +and O +1 O +% O +, O +5 O +% O +, O +and O +10 O +% O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +compounds O +caused O +deformations O +and O +lethality O +in O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +manner O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +concentrations O +of O +nicotine B-Chemical +sulfate O +caused O +some O +lethality O +but O +a O +no O +effect O +level O +for O +coniine B-Chemical +lethality O +was O +0 O +. O +75 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +deformations O +caused O +by O +both O +coniine B-Chemical +and O +nicotine B-Chemical +sulfate O +were O +excessive O +flexion O +or O +extension O +of O +one O +or O +more O +toes O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +histopathological O +alterations O +or O +differences O +in O +bone O +formation O +were O +seen O +in O +the O +limbs O +or O +toes O +of O +any O +chicks O +from O +any O +group O +; O +however O +, O +extensive O +cranial O +hemorrhage O +occurred O +in O +all O +nicotine B-Chemical +sulfate O +- O +treated O +chicks O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +a O +statistically O +significant O +( O +P O +< O +or O += O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +decrease O +in O +movement O +in O +coniine B-Chemical +and O +nicotine B-Chemical +sulfate O +treated O +chicks O +as O +determined O +by O +ultrasound O +. O + +aps B-category +Control O +chicks O +were O +in O +motion O +an O +average O +of O +33 O +. O +67 O +% O +of O +the O +time O +, O +while O +coniine B-Chemical +- O +treated O +chicks O +were O +only O +moving O +8 O +. O +95 O +% O +of O +a O +5 O +- O +min O +interval O +, O +and O +no O +movement O +was O +observed O +for O +nicotine B-Chemical +sulfate O +treated O +chicks O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +summary O +, O +the O +chick O +embryo O +provides O +a O +reliable O +and O +simple O +experimental O +animal O +model O +of O +coniine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +arthrogryposis O +. O + +aps B-category +Data O +from O +this O +model O +support O +a O +mechanism O +involving O +nicotinic O +receptor O +blockade O +with O +subsequent O +decreased O +fetal O +movement O +. O + +aps B-category +Immediate O +allergic O +reactions O +to O +amoxicillin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +large O +group O +of O +patients O +with O +suspected O +allergic O +reactions O +to O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactam I-Chemical +antibiotics O +was O +evaluated O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +detailed O +clinical O +history O +, O +together O +with O +skin O +tests O +, O +RAST O +( O +radioallergosorbent O +test O +) O +, O +and O +controlled O +challenge O +tests O +, O +was O +used O +to O +establish O +whether O +patients O +allergic O +to O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactam I-Chemical +antibiotics O +had O +selective O +immediate O +allergic O +responses O +to O +amoxicillin B-Chemical +( O +AX B-Chemical +) O +or O +were O +cross O +- O +reacting O +with O +other O +penicillin B-Chemical +derivatives O +. O + +aps B-category +Skin O +tests O +were O +performed O +with O +benzylpenicilloyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +poly I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lysine I-Chemical +( O +BPO B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +PLL I-Chemical +) O +, O +benzylpenicilloate B-Chemical +, O +benzylpenicillin B-Chemical +( O +PG B-Chemical +) O +, O +ampicillin B-Chemical +( O +AMP B-Chemical +) O +, O +and O +AX B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +RAST O +for O +BPO B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +PLL I-Chemical +and O +AX B-Chemical +- O +PLL O +was O +done O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +both O +skin O +test O +and O +RAST O +for O +BPO B-Chemical +were O +negative O +, O +single O +- O +blind O +, O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +challenge O +tests O +were O +done O +to O +ensure O +tolerance O +of O +PG B-Chemical +or O +sensitivity O +to O +AX B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +total O +of O +177 O +patients O +were O +diagnosed O +as O +allergic O +to O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactam I-Chemical +antibiotics O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +selected O +the O +54 O +( O +30 O +. O +5 O +% O +) O +cases O +of O +immediate O +AX B-Chemical +allergy O +with O +good O +tolerance O +of O +PG B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Anaphylaxis O +was O +seen O +in O +37 O +patients O +( O +69 O +% O +) O +, O +the O +other O +17 O +( O +31 O +% O +) O +having O +urticaria O +and O +/ O +or O +angioedema O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +the O +patients O +were O +skin O +test O +negative O +to O +BPO B-Chemical +; O +49 O +of O +51 O +( O +96 O +% O +) O +were O +also O +negative O +to O +MDM O +, O +and O +44 O +of O +46 O +( O +96 O +% O +) O +to O +PG B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Skin O +tests O +with O +AX B-Chemical +were O +positive O +in O +34 O +( O +63 O +% O +) O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +RAST O +was O +positive O +for O +AX B-Chemical +in O +22 O +patients O +( O +41 O +% O +) O +and O +to O +BPO B-Chemical +in O +just O +5 O +( O +9 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +None O +of O +the O +sera O +with O +negative O +RAST O +for O +AX B-Chemical +were O +positive O +to O +BPO B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Challenge O +tests O +with O +AX B-Chemical +were O +performed O +in O +23 O +subjects O +( O +43 O +% O +) O +to O +establish O +the O +diagnosis O +of O +immediate O +allergic O +reaction O +to O +AX B-Chemical +, O +and O +in O +15 O +cases O +( O +28 O +% O +) O +both O +skin O +test O +and O +RAST O +for O +AX B-Chemical +were O +negative O +. O + +aps B-category +PG B-Chemical +was O +well O +tolerated O +by O +all O +54 O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +the O +largest O +group O +of O +AX B-Chemical +- O +allergic O +patients O +who O +have O +tolerated O +PG B-Chemical +reported O +so O +far O +. O + +aps B-category +Diagnosis O +of O +these O +patients O +can O +be O +achieved O +only O +if O +specific O +AX B-Chemical +- O +related O +reagents O +are O +employed O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Ten O +patients O +with O +acute O +transmural O +myocardial O +infarctions O +received O +intravenous O +nitroglycerin B-Chemical +, O +sufficient O +to O +reduce O +mean O +arterial O +pressure O +from O +107 O ++ O +/ O +- O +6 O +to O +85 O ++ O +/ O +- O +6 O +mm O +Hg O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +, O +for O +60 O +minutes O +. O + +aps B-category +Left O +ventricular O +filling O +pressure O +decreased O +from O +19 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +to O +11 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +mm O +Hg O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +SigmaST O +, O +the O +sum O +of O +ST O +- O +segment O +elevations O +in O +16 O +precordial O +leads O +, O +decreased O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +02 O +) O +with O +intravenous O +nitroglycerin B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +Our O +results O +suggest O +that O +the O +suppression O +of O +gallbladder O +contractility O +is O +the O +cause O +of O +the O +successive O +formation O +of O +bile O +sludge O +, O +gallstones O +, O +and O +cholecystitis O +during O +octreotide B-Chemical +therapy O +in O +Chinese O +acromegalic O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +therefore O +very O +important O +to O +follow O +the O +changes O +of O +gallbladder O +function O +during O +long O +- O +term O +octreotide B-Chemical +therapy O +of O +acromegalic O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Increase O +of O +Parkinson O +disability O +after O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +medication O +. O + +aps B-category +Depression O +is O +a O +major O +clinical O +feature O +of O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +the O +increased O +amount O +of O +motor O +disability O +in O +four O +patients O +with O +idiopathic O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +after O +exposure O +to O +the O +antidepressant B-Chemical +fluoxetine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +possibility O +of O +a O +clinically O +relevant O +dopamine B-Chemical +- O +antagonistic O +capacity O +of O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +in O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +patients O +must O +be O +considered O +. O + +aps B-category +Sinus O +arrest O +associated O +with O +continuous O +- O +infusion O +cimetidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +administration O +of O +intermittent O +intravenous O +infusions O +of O +cimetidine B-Chemical +is O +infrequently O +associated O +with O +the O +development O +of O +bradyarrhythmias O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +40 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +man O +with O +leukemia O +and O +no O +history O +of O +cardiac O +disease O +developed O +recurrent O +, O +brief O +episodes O +of O +apparent O +sinus O +arrest O +while O +receiving O +continuous O +- O +infusion O +cimetidine B-Chemical +50 O +mg O +/ O +hour O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +arrhythmias O +were O +temporally O +related O +to O +cimetidine B-Chemical +administration O +, O +disappeared O +after O +dechallenge O +, O +and O +did O +not O +recur O +during O +ranitidine B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +is O +the O +first O +reported O +case O +of O +sinus O +arrest O +associated O +with O +continuous O +- O +infusion O +cimetidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Phase O +II O +trial O +of O +vinorelbine B-Chemical +in O +metastatic O +squamous O +cell O +esophageal O +carcinoma O +. O + +aps B-category +European O +Organization O +for O +Research O +and O +Treatment O +of O +Cancer O +Gastrointestinal O +Treat O +Cancer O +Cooperative O +Group O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +To O +evaluate O +the O +response O +rate O +and O +toxic O +effects O +of O +vinorelbine B-Chemical +( O +VNB B-Chemical +) O +administered O +as O +a O +single O +agent O +in O +metastatic O +squamous O +cell O +esophageal O +carcinoma O +. O + +aps B-category +PATIENTS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +Forty O +- O +six O +eligible O +patients O +with O +measurable O +lesions O +were O +included O +and O +were O +stratified O +according O +to O +previous O +chemotherapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Thirty O +patients O +without O +prior O +chemotherapy O +and O +16 O +pretreated O +with O +cisplatin B-Chemical +- O +based O +chemotherapy O +were O +assessable O +for O +toxicity O +and O +response O +. O + +aps B-category +VNB B-Chemical +was O +administered O +weekly O +as O +a O +25 O +- O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +short O +intravenous O +( O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O +infusion O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Six O +of O +30 O +patients O +( O +20 O +% O +) O +without O +prior O +chemotherapy O +achieved O +a O +partial O +response O +( O +PR O +) O +( O +95 O +% O +confidence O +interval O +[ O +CI O +] O +, O +8 O +% O +to O +39 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +median O +duration O +of O +response O +was O +21 O +weeks O +( O +range O +, O +17 O +to O +28 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +of O +16 O +patients O +( O +6 O +% O +) O +with O +prior O +chemotherapy O +had O +a O +complete O +response O +( O +CR O +) O +of O +31 O +weeks O +' O +duration O +( O +95 O +% O +CI O +, O +0 O +% O +to O +30 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +overall O +response O +rate O +( O +World O +Health O +Organization O +[ O +WHO O +] O +criteria O +) O +was O +15 O +% O +( O +CR O +, O +2 O +% O +; O +PR O +13 O +% O +; O +95 O +% O +CI O +, O +6 O +% O +to O +29 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +median O +dose O +- O +intensity O +( O +DI O +) O +was O +20 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +/ O +wk O +. O + +aps B-category +VNB B-Chemical +was O +well O +tolerated O +and O +zero O +instances O +of O +WHO O +grade O +4 O +nonhematologic O +toxicity O +occurred O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +least O +one O +episode O +of O +grade O +3 O +or O +4 O +granulocytopenia O +was O +seen O +in O +59 O +% O +of O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +grade O +2 O +or O +3 O +infection O +occurred O +in O +16 O +% O +of O +patients O +, O +but O +no O +toxic O +deaths O +occurred O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +side O +effects O +were O +rare O +, O +and O +peripheral O +neurotoxicity O +has O +been O +minor O +( O +26 O +% O +grade O +1 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +These O +data O +indicate O +that O +VNB B-Chemical +is O +an O +active O +agent O +in O +metastatic O +esophageal O +squamous O +cell O +carcinoma O +. O + +aps B-category +Given O +its O +excellent O +tolerance O +profile O +and O +low O +toxicity O +, O +further O +evaluation O +of O +VNB B-Chemical +in O +combination O +therapy O +is O +warranted O +. O + +aps B-category +Evaluation O +of O +adverse O +reactions O +of O +aponidine B-Chemical +hydrochloride I-Chemical +ophthalmic O +solution O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +prospectively O +evaluated O +the O +adverse O +reactions O +of O +apraclonidine B-Chemical +in O +20 O +normal O +volunteers O +by O +instilling O +a O +single O +drop O +of O +1 O +% O +apraclonidine B-Chemical +in O +their O +right O +eyes O +. O + +aps B-category +Examinations O +, O +including O +blood O +pressure O +, O +pulse O +rate O +, O +conjunctiva O +and O +cornea O +, O +intraocular O +pressure O +( O +IOP O +) O +, O +pupil O +diameter O +, O +basal O +tear O +secretion O +and O +margin O +reflex O +distance O +of O +both O +upper O +and O +lower O +eyelids O +, O +were O +performed O +prior O +to O +entry O +and O +at O +1 O +, O +3 O +, O +5 O +and O +7 O +hours O +after O +instillation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ocular O +hypotensive O +effects O +were O +statistically O +significant O +for O +apraclonidine B-Chemical +- O +treated O +eyes O +throughout O +the O +study O +and O +also O +statistically O +significant O +for O +contralateral O +eyes O +from O +three O +hours O +after O +topical O +administration O +of O +1 O +% O +apraclonidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Decreases O +in O +systolic O +blood O +pressure O +were O +statistically O +, O +but O +not O +clinically O +, O +significant O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +significant O +changes O +in O +diastolic O +blood O +pressure O +, O +pulse O +rate O +and O +basal O +tear O +secretion O +were O +noted O +. O + +aps B-category +Conjunctival O +blanching O +and O +mydriasis O +were O +commonly O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +Upper O +lid O +retraction O +was O +frequently O +noted O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +the O +elevations O +of O +the O +upper O +lid O +margin O +in O +most O +subjects O +were O +not O +more O +than O +2 O +mm O +and O +did O +not O +cause O +noticeable O +change O +in O +appearance O +, O +one O +subject O +suffered O +from O +mechanical O +entropion O +and O +marked O +corneal O +abrasion O +3 O +hours O +after O +instillation O +of O +the O +medication O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +may O +well O +be O +a O +particularly O +notable O +finding O +in O +Asian O +people O +. O + +aps B-category +Thiopentone B-Chemical +pretreatment O +for O +propofol B-Chemical +injection O +pain O +in O +ambulatory O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +investigated O +propofol B-Chemical +injection O +pain O +in O +patients O +undergoing O +ambulatory O +anaesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +randomized O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +trial O +, O +90 O +women O +were O +allocated O +to O +receive O +one O +of O +three O +treatments O +prior O +to O +induction O +of O +anaesthesia O +with O +propofol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +in O +Group O +C O +received O +2 O +ml O +normal O +saline O +, O +Group O +L O +, O +2 O +ml O +, O +lidocaine B-Chemical +2 O +% O +( O +40 O +mg O +) O +and O +Group O +T O +, O +2 O +ml O +thiopentone B-Chemical +2 O +. O +5 O +% O +( O +50 O +mg O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Venous O +discomfort O +was O +assessed O +with O +a O +visual O +analogue O +scale O +( O +VAS O +) O +5 O +- O +15 O +sec O +after O +commencing O +propofol B-Chemical +administration O +using O +an O +infusion O +pump O +( O +rate O +1000 O +micrograms O +. O +kg O +- O +1 O +. O +min O +- O +1 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Loss O +of O +consciousness O +occurred O +in O +60 O +- O +90 O +sec O +. O + +aps B-category +Visual O +analogue O +scores O +( O +mean O ++ O +/ O +- O +SD O +) O +during O +induction O +were O +lower O +in O +Groups O +L O +( O +3 O +. O +3 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +5 O +) O +and O +T O +( O +4 O +. O +1 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +7 O +) O +than O +in O +Group O +C O +( O +5 O +. O +6 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +3 O +) O +; O +P O += O +0 O +. O +0031 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +venous O +discomfort O +was O +lower O +in O +Group O +L O +( O +76 O +. O +6 O +% O +; O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +than O +in O +Group O +C O +( O +100 O +% O +) O +but O +not O +different O +from O +Group O +T O +( O +90 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +VAS O +scores O +for O +recall O +of O +pain O +in O +the O +recovery O +room O +were O +correlated O +with O +the O +VAS O +scores O +during O +induction O +( O +r O += O +0 O +. O +7045 O +; O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +0001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Recovery O +room O +discharge O +times O +were O +similar O +: O +C O +( O +75 O +. O +9 O ++ O +/ O +- O +19 O +. O +4 O +min O +) O +; O +L O +73 O +. O +6 O ++ O +/ O +- O +21 O +. O +6 O +min O +) O +; O +T O +( O +77 O +. O +1 O ++ O +/ O +- O +18 O +. O +9 O +min O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Assessing O +their O +overall O +satisfaction O +, O +89 O +. O +7 O +% O +would O +choose O +propofol B-Chemical +anaesthesia O +again O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +lidocaine B-Chemical +reduces O +the O +incidence O +and O +severity O +of O +propofol B-Chemical +injection O +pain O +in O +ambulatory O +patients O +whereas O +thiopentone B-Chemical +only O +reduces O +its O +severity O +. O + +aps B-category +Persistent O +paralysis O +after O +prolonged O +use O +of O +atracurium B-Chemical +in O +the O +absence O +of O +corticosteroids O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuromuscular O +blocking O +agents O +( O +NMBAs O +) O +are O +often O +used O +for O +patients O +requiring O +prolonged O +mechanical O +ventilation O +. O + +aps B-category +Reports O +of O +persistent O +paralysis O +after O +the O +discontinuance O +of O +these O +drugs O +have O +most O +often O +involved O +aminosteroid O +- O +based O +NMBAs O +such O +as O +vecuronium B-Chemical +bromide I-Chemical +, O +especially O +when O +used O +in O +conjunction O +with O +corticosteroids O +. O + +aps B-category +Atracurium B-Chemical +besylate I-Chemical +, O +a O +short O +- O +acting O +benzylisoquinolinium B-Chemical +NMBA O +that O +is O +eliminated O +independently O +of O +renal O +or O +hepatic O +function O +, O +has O +also O +been O +associated O +with O +persistent O +paralysis O +, O +but O +only O +when O +used O +with O +corticosteroids O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +a O +case O +of O +atracurium B-Chemical +- O +related O +paralysis O +persisting O +for O +approximately O +50 O +hours O +in O +a O +patient O +who O +was O +not O +treated O +with O +corticosteroids O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +phase O +I O +/ O +II O +study O +of O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +plus O +cisplatin B-Chemical +as O +first O +- O +line O +therapy O +for O +head O +and O +neck O +cancers O +: O +preliminary O +results O +. O + +aps B-category +Improved O +outcomes O +among O +patients O +with O +head O +and O +neck O +carcinomas O +require O +investigations O +of O +new O +drugs O +for O +induction O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Preliminary O +results O +of O +an O +Eastern O +Cooperative O +Oncology O +Group O +study O +of O +single O +- O +agent O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +( O +Taxol B-Chemical +; O +Bristol O +- O +Myers O +Squibb O +Company O +, O +Princeton O +, O +NJ O +) O +reported O +a O +37 O +% O +response O +rate O +in O +patients O +with O +head O +and O +neck O +cancer O +, O +and O +the O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +/ O +cisplatin B-Chemical +combination O +has O +been O +used O +successfully O +and O +has O +significantly O +improved O +median O +response O +duration O +in O +ovarian O +cancer O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +initiated O +a O +phase O +I O +/ O +II O +trial O +to O +determine O +the O +response O +and O +toxicity O +of O +escalating O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +doses O +combined O +with O +fixed O +- O +dose O +cisplatin B-Chemical +with O +granulocyte O +colony O +- O +stimulating O +factor O +support O +in O +patients O +with O +untreated O +locally O +advanced O +inoperable O +head O +and O +neck O +carcinoma O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +date O +, O +23 O +men O +with O +a O +median O +age O +of O +50 O +years O +and O +good O +performance O +status O +have O +entered O +the O +trial O +. O + +aps B-category +Primary O +tumor O +sites O +were O +oropharynx O +, O +10 O +patients O +; O +hypopharynx O +, O +four O +; O +larynx O +, O +two O +; O +oral O +cavity O +, O +three O +; O +unknown O +primary O +, O +two O +; O +and O +nasal O +cavity O +and O +parotid O +gland O +, O +one O +each O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +20 O +patients O +evaluable O +for O +toxicity O +, O +four O +had O +stage O +III O +and O +16 O +had O +stage O +IV O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +, O +given O +every O +21 O +days O +for O +a O +maximum O +of O +three O +cycles O +, O +consisted O +of O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +by O +3 O +- O +hour O +infusion O +followed O +the O +next O +day O +by O +a O +fixed O +dose O +of O +cisplatin B-Chemical +( O +75 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dose O +levels O +incorporate O +escalating O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +doses O +, O +and O +intrapatient O +escalations O +within O +a O +given O +dose O +level O +are O +permitted O +if O +toxicity O +permits O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +the O +time O +of O +this O +writing O +, O +dose O +level O +4 O +( O +260 O +, O +270 O +, O +and O +280 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +) O +is O +being O +evaluated O +; O +three O +patients O +from O +this O +level O +are O +evaluable O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +doses O +of O +200 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +and O +higher O +, O +granulocyte O +colony O +- O +stimulating O +factor O +5 O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +/ O +d O +is O +given O +( O +days O +4 O +through O +12 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +18 O +patients O +evaluable O +for O +response O +, O +seven O +( O +39 O +% O +) O +achieved O +a O +complete O +response O +and O +six O +( O +33 O +% O +) O +achieved O +a O +partial O +response O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +patients O +had O +no O +change O +and O +disease O +progressed O +in O +two O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +overall O +response O +rate O +is O +72 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Eleven O +responding O +patients O +had O +subsequent O +surgery O +/ O +radiotherapy O +or O +radical O +radiotherapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +pathologic O +complete O +responses O +were O +observed O +in O +patients O +who O +had O +achieved O +clinical O +complete O +responses O +. O + +aps B-category +Alopecia O +, O +paresthesias O +, O +and O +arthralgias O +/ O +myalgias O +have O +occurred O +frequently O +, O +but O +with O +one O +exception O +( O +a O +grade O +3 O +myalgia O +) O +they O +have O +been O +grade O +1 O +or O +2 O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +dose O +- O +limiting O +hematologic O +toxicity O +has O +been O +seen O +. O + +aps B-category +Paclitaxel B-Chemical +/ O +cisplatin B-Chemical +is O +an O +effective O +first O +- O +line O +regimen O +for O +locoregionally O +advanced O +head O +and O +neck O +cancer O +and O +continued O +study O +is O +warranted O +. O + +aps B-category +Results O +thus O +far O +suggest O +no O +dose O +- O +response O +effect O +for O +paclitaxel B-Chemical +doses O +above O +200 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +. O + +aps B-category +Improvement O +of O +levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +dyskinesia O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +in O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Seven O +patients O +suffering O +from O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +( O +PD O +) O +with O +severely O +disabling O +dyskinesia O +received O +low O +- O +dose O +propranolol B-Chemical +as O +an O +adjunct O +to O +the O +currently O +used O +medical O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +a O +significant O +40 O +% O +improvement O +in O +the O +dyskinesia O +score O +without O +increase O +of O +parkinsonian O +motor O +disability O +. O + +aps B-category +Ballistic O +and O +choreic O +dyskinesia O +were O +markedly O +ameliorated O +, O +whereas O +dystonia O +was O +not O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +suggests O +that O +administration O +of O +low O +doses O +of O +beta O +- O +blockers O +may O +improve O +levodopa B-Chemical +- O +induced O +ballistic O +and O +choreic O +dyskinesia O +in O +PD O +. O + +aps B-category +Habitual O +use O +of O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +as O +a O +risk O +factor O +for O +chronic O +renal O +failure O +: O +a O +comparison O +with O +phenacetin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Six O +epidemiologic O +studies O +in O +the O +United O +States O +and O +Europe O +indicate O +that O +habitual O +use O +of O +phenacetin B-Chemical +is O +associated O +with O +the O +development O +of O +chronic O +renal O +failure O +and O +end O +- O +stage O +renal O +disease O +( O +ESRD O +) O +, O +with O +a O +relative O +risk O +in O +the O +range O +of O +4 O +to O +19 O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +a O +result O +of O +these O +and O +other O +studies O +, O +phenacetin B-Chemical +has O +now O +been O +withdrawn O +from O +the O +market O +in O +most O +countries O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +three O +case O +control O +studies O +, O +one O +each O +in O +North O +Carolina O +, O +northern O +Maryland O +, O +and O +West O +Berlin O +, O +Germany O +, O +showed O +that O +habitual O +use O +of O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +is O +also O +associated O +with O +chronic O +renal O +failure O +and O +ESRD O +, O +with O +a O +relative O +risk O +in O +the O +range O +of O +2 O +to O +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +studies O +suggest O +that O +both O +phenacetin B-Chemical +and O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +may O +contribute O +to O +the O +burden O +of O +ESRD O +, O +with O +the O +risk O +of O +the O +latter O +being O +somewhat O +less O +than O +that O +of O +the O +former O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +apparent O +difference O +in O +risk O +may O +not O +be O +due O +to O +differences O +in O +nephrotoxic O +potential O +of O +the O +drugs O +themselves O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +lower O +relative O +risk O +would O +be O +expected O +for O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +if O +the O +risk O +of O +both O +drugs O +in O +combination O +with O +other O +analgesics O +was O +higher O +than O +the O +risk O +of O +either O +agent O +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +has O +been O +used O +both O +as O +a O +single O +agent O +and O +in O +combination O +with O +other O +analgesics O +, O +whereas O +phenacetin B-Chemical +was O +available O +only O +in O +combinations O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +possibility O +that O +habitual O +use O +of O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +alone O +increases O +the O +risk O +of O +ESRD O +has O +not O +been O +clearly O +demonstrated O +, O +but O +cannot O +be O +dismissed O +. O + +aps B-category +Acetaminophen B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypotension O +. O + +aps B-category +Through O +30 O +years O +of O +widespread O +use O +, O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +has O +been O +shown O +to O +be O +a O +remarkably O +safe O +medication O +in O +therapeutic O +dosages O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +potential O +for O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +to O +produce O +cardiovascular O +toxicities O +is O +very O +low O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +has O +been O +demonstrated O +to O +produce O +symptoms O +of O +anaphylaxis O +, O +including O +hypotension O +, O +in O +sensitive O +individuals O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +article O +describes O +two O +critically O +ill O +patients O +in O +whom O +transient O +episodes O +of O +hypotension O +reproducibly O +developed O +after O +administration O +of O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +symptoms O +of O +allergic O +reactions O +were O +not O +clinically O +detectable O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hypotensive O +episodes O +were O +severe O +enough O +to O +require O +vasopressor O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reports O +illustrate O +the O +need O +for O +clinicians O +to O +consider O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +in O +patients O +with O +hypotension O +of O +unknown O +origin O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduction O +of O +heparan B-Chemical +sulphate I-Chemical +- O +associated O +anionic O +sites O +in O +the O +glomerular O +basement O +membrane O +of O +rats O +with O +streptozotocin B-Chemical +- O +induced O +diabetic O +nephropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Heparan B-Chemical +sulphate I-Chemical +- O +associated O +anionic O +sites O +in O +the O +glomerular O +basement O +membrane O +were O +studied O +in O +rats O +8 O +months O +after O +induction O +of O +diabetes O +by O +streptozotocin B-Chemical +and O +in O +age O +- O +adn O +sex O +- O +matched O +control O +rats O +, O +employing O +the O +cationic O +dye O +cuprolinic B-Chemical +blue I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Morphometric O +analysis O +at O +the O +ultrastructural O +level O +was O +performed O +using O +a O +computerized O +image O +processor O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +heparan B-Chemical +sulphate I-Chemical +specificity O +of O +the O +cuprolinic B-Chemical +blue I-Chemical +staining O +was O +demonstrated O +by O +glycosaminoglycan B-Chemical +- O +degrading O +enzymes O +, O +showing O +that O +pretreatment O +of O +the O +sections O +with O +heparitinase O +abolished O +all O +staining O +, O +whereas O +chondroitinase O +ABC O +had O +no O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +majority O +of O +anionic O +sites O +( O +74 O +% O +in O +diabetic O +and O +81 O +% O +in O +control O +rats O +) O +were O +found O +within O +the O +lamina O +rara O +externa O +of O +the O +glomerular O +basement O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +minority O +of O +anionic O +sites O +were O +scattered O +throughout O +the O +lamina O +densa O +and O +lamina O +rara O +interna O +, O +and O +were O +significantly O +smaller O +than O +those O +in O +the O +lamina O +rara O +externa O +of O +the O +glomerular O +basement O +membrane O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +001 O +and O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +01 O +for O +diabetic O +and O +control O +rats O +, O +respectively O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Diabetic O +rats O +progressively O +developed O +albuminuria O +reaching O +40 O +. O +3 O +( O +32 O +. O +2 O +- O +62 O +. O +0 O +) O +mg O +/ O +24 O +h O +after O +8 O +months O +in O +contrast O +to O +the O +control O +animals O +( O +0 O +. O +8 O +( O +0 O +. O +2 O +- O +0 O +. O +9 O +) O +mg O +/ O +24 O +h O +, O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +002 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +the O +same O +time O +, O +the O +number O +of O +heparan B-Chemical +sulphate I-Chemical +anionic O +sites O +and O +the O +total O +anionic O +site O +surface O +( O +number O +of O +anionic O +sites O +x O +mean O +anionic O +site O +surface O +) O +in O +the O +lamina O +rara O +externa O +of O +the O +glomerular O +basement O +membrane O +was O +reduced O +by O +19 O +% O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +021 O +) O +and O +by O +26 O +% O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +02 O +) O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Number O +and O +total O +anionic O +site O +surface O +in O +the O +remaining O +part O +of O +the O +glomerular O +basement O +membrane O +( O +lamina O +densa O +and O +lamina O +rara O +interna O +) O +were O +not O +significantly O +changed O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +in O +streptozotocin B-Chemical +- O +diabetic O +rats O +with O +an O +increased O +urinary O +albumin O +excretion O +, O +a O +reduced O +heparan B-Chemical +sulphate I-Chemical +charge O +barrier O +/ O +density O +is O +found O +at O +the O +lamina O +rara O +externa O +of O +the O +glomerular O +basement O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +Mediation O +of O +enhanced O +reflex O +vagal O +bradycardia O +by O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +via O +central O +dopamine B-Chemical +formation O +in O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Dopa I-Chemical +( O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O +decreased O +blood O +pressure O +and O +heart O +rate O +after O +extracerebral O +decarboxylase O +inhibition O +with O +MK B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +486 I-Chemical +( O +25 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O +in O +anesthetize O +MAO B-Chemical +- O +inhibited O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +reflex O +bradycardia O +caused O +by O +injected O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +was O +significantly O +enhanced O +by O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +, O +DL B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Threo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dihydroxyphenylserine I-Chemical +had O +no O +effect O +on O +blood O +pressure O +, O +heart O +rate O +or O +reflex O +responses O +to O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +FLA B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +63 I-Chemical +, O +a O +dopamine B-Chemical +- O +beta O +- O +oxidase O +inhibitor O +, O +did O +not O +have O +any O +effect O +on O +the O +hypotension O +, O +bradycardia O +or O +reflex O +- O +enhancing O +effect O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Pimozide B-Chemical +did O +not O +affect O +the O +actions O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +on O +blood O +pressure O +and O +heart O +rate O +but O +completely O +blocked O +the O +enhancement O +of O +reflexes O +. O + +aps B-category +Removal O +of O +the O +carotid O +sinuses O +caused O +an O +elevation O +blood O +pressure O +and O +heart O +rate O +and O +abolished O +the O +negative O +chronotropic O +effect O +of O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +restored O +the O +bradycardia O +caused O +by O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +in O +addition O +to O +decreasing O +blood O +pressure O +and O +heart O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HTP I-Chemical +( O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O +decreased O +blood O +pressure O +and O +heart O +rate O +and O +decreased O +the O +reflex O +bradycardia O +to O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +enhances O +reflex O +bradycardia O +through O +central O +alpha O +- O +receptor O +stimulation O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +the O +effects O +are O +mediated O +through O +dopamine B-Chemical +rather O +than O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +and O +do O +not O +require O +the O +carotid O +sinus O +baroreceptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Microangiopathic O +hemolytic O +anemia O +complicating O +FK506 B-Chemical +( O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +) O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +3 O +episodes O +of O +microangiopathic O +hemolytic O +anemia O +( O +MAHA O +) O +in O +2 O +solid O +organ O +recipients O +under O +FK506 B-Chemical +( O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +) O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +both O +cases O +, O +discontinuation O +of O +FK506 B-Chemical +and O +treatment O +with O +plasma O +exchange O +, O +fresh O +frozen O +plasma O +replacement O +, O +corticosteroids B-Chemical +, O +aspirin B-Chemical +, O +and O +dipyridamole B-Chemical +led O +to O +resolution O +of O +MAHA O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +one O +patient O +, O +reintroduction O +of O +FK506 B-Chemical +led O +to O +rapid O +recurrence O +of O +MAHA O +. O + +aps B-category +FK506 B-Chemical +- O +associated O +MAHA O +is O +probably O +rare O +but O +physicians O +must O +be O +aware O +of O +this O +severe O +complication O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +our O +experience O +and O +according O +to O +the O +literature O +, O +FK506 B-Chemical +does O +not O +seem O +to O +cross O +- O +react O +with O +cyclosporin B-Chemical +A I-Chemical +( O +CyA B-Chemical +) O +, O +an O +immuno O +- O +suppressive O +drug O +already O +known O +to O +induce O +MAHA O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +some O +anticancer O +drugs O +and O +combined O +chemotherapy O +on O +renal O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +nephrotoxic O +action O +of O +anticancer O +drugs O +such O +as O +nitrogranulogen B-Chemical +( O +NG B-Chemical +) O +, O +methotrexate B-Chemical +( O +MTX B-Chemical +) O +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluorouracil I-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +) O +and O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +( O +CY B-Chemical +) O +administered O +alone O +or O +in O +combination O +[ O +MTX B-Chemical ++ O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical ++ O +CY B-Chemical +( O +CMF O +) O +] O +was O +evaluated O +in O +experiments O +on O +Wistar O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +drug O +administration O +, O +creatinine B-Chemical +concentrations O +in O +the O +plasma O +and O +in O +the O +urine O +of O +the O +rats O +were O +determined O +, O +as O +well O +as O +creatinine B-Chemical +clearance O +. O + +aps B-category +Histopathologic O +evaluation O +of O +the O +kidneys O +was O +also O +performed O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +MTX B-Chemical +administration O +a O +significant O +increase O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +0228 O +) O +in O +the O +plasma O +creatinine B-Chemical +concentration O +and O +a O +significant O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +0001 O +) O +decrease O +in O +creatinine B-Chemical +clearance O +was O +noted O +compared O +to O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +the O +administration O +of O +NG B-Chemical +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +and O +CY B-Chemical +neither O +a O +statistically O +significant O +increase O +in O +creatinine B-Chemical +concentration O +nor O +an O +increase O +in O +creatinine B-Chemical +clearance O +was O +observed O +compared O +to O +the O +group O +receiving O +no O +cytostatics O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +polytherapy O +according O +to O +the O +CMF O +regimen O +, O +a O +statistically O +significant O +decrease O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +0343 O +) O +in O +creatinine B-Chemical +clearance O +was O +found O +, O +but O +creatinine B-Chemical +concentration O +did O +not O +increase O +significantly O +compared O +to O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +CY B-Chemical +caused O +hemorrhagic O +cystitis O +in O +40 O +% O +of O +rats O +, O +but O +it O +did O +not O +cause O +this O +complication O +when O +combined O +with O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +and O +MTX B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Histologic O +changes O +were O +found O +in O +rat O +kidneys O +after O +administration O +of O +MTX B-Chemical +, O +CY B-Chemical +and O +NG B-Chemical +, O +while O +no O +such O +change O +was O +observed O +after O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +and O +joint O +administration O +of O +MTX B-Chemical ++ O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical ++ O +CY B-Chemical +compared O +to O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +studies O +indicate O +that O +nephrotoxicity O +of O +MTX B-Chemical ++ O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical ++ O +CY B-Chemical +administered O +jointly O +is O +lower O +than O +in O +monotherapy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +interpeduncular O +nucleus O +regulates O +nicotine B-Chemical +' O +s O +effects O +on O +free O +- O +field O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Partial O +lesions O +were O +made O +with O +kainic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +in O +the O +interpeduncular O +nucleus O +of O +the O +ventral O +midbrain O +of O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Compared O +with O +sham O +- O +operated O +controls O +, O +lesions O +significantly O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +25 O +) O +blunted O +the O +early O +( O +< O +60 O +min O +) O +free O +- O +field O +locomotor O +hypoactivity O +caused O +by O +nicotine B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +kg O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +, O +i O +. O +m O +. O +) O +, O +enhanced O +the O +later O +( O +60 O +- O +120 O +min O +) O +nicotine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hyperactivity O +, O +and O +raised O +spontaneous O +nocturnal O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Lesions O +reduced O +the O +extent O +of O +immunohistological O +staining O +for O +choline B-Chemical +acetyltransferase O +in O +the O +interpeduncular O +nucleus O +( O +p O +< O +0 O +. O +025 O +) O +, O +but O +not O +for O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +in O +the O +surrounding O +catecholaminergic O +A10 O +region O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +the O +interpeduncular O +nucleus O +mediates O +nicotinic O +depression O +of O +locomotor O +activity O +and O +dampens O +nicotinic O +arousal O +mechanisms O +located O +elsewhere O +in O +the O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Lithium B-Chemical +- O +associated O +cognitive O +and O +functional O +deficits O +reduced O +by O +a O +switch O +to O +divalproex B-Chemical +sodium I-Chemical +: O +a O +case O +series O +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Lithium B-Chemical +remains O +a O +first O +- O +line O +treatment O +for O +the O +acute O +and O +maintenance O +treatment O +of O +bipolar O +disorder O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +much O +has O +been O +written O +about O +the O +management O +of O +the O +more O +common O +adverse O +effects O +of O +lithium B-Chemical +, O +such O +as O +polyuria O +and O +tremor O +, O +more O +subtle O +lithium B-Chemical +side O +effects O +such O +as O +cognitive O +deficits O +, O +loss O +of O +creativity O +, O +and O +functional O +impairments O +remain O +understudied O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +report O +summarizes O +our O +experience O +in O +switching O +bipolar O +patients O +from O +lithium B-Chemical +to O +divalproex B-Chemical +sodium I-Chemical +to O +alleviate O +such O +cognitive O +and O +functional O +impairments O +. O + +aps B-category +METHOD O +: O +Open O +, O +case O +series O +design O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +We O +report O +seven O +cases O +where O +substitution O +of O +lithium B-Chemical +, O +either O +fully O +or O +partially O +, O +with O +divalproex B-Chemical +sodium I-Chemical +was O +extremely O +helpful O +in O +reducing O +the O +cognitive O +, O +motivational O +, O +or O +creative O +deficits O +attributed O +to O +lithium B-Chemical +in O +our O +bipolar O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSION O +: O +In O +this O +preliminary O +report O +, O +divalproex B-Chemical +sodium I-Chemical +was O +a O +superior O +alternative O +to O +lithium B-Chemical +in O +bipolar O +patients O +experiencing O +cognitive O +deficits O +, O +loss O +of O +creativity O +, O +and O +functional O +impairments O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +nifedipine B-Chemical +on O +renal O +function O +in O +liver O +transplant O +recipients O +receiving O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +nifedipine B-Chemical +on O +renal O +function O +in O +liver O +transplant O +recipients O +who O +were O +receiving O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +was O +evaluated O +between O +January O +1992 O +and O +January O +1996 O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +groups O +of O +patients O +receiving O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +were O +compared O +over O +a O +period O +of O +1 O +year O +, O +one O +group O +comprising O +hypertensive O +patients O +who O +were O +receiving O +nifedipine B-Chemical +, O +and O +the O +other O +comprising O +nonhypertensive O +patients O +not O +receiving O +nifedipine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +time O +from O +transplant O +to O +baseline O +was O +similar O +in O +all O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Nifedipine B-Chemical +significantly O +improved O +kidney O +function O +as O +indicated O +by O +a O +significant O +lowering O +of O +serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +levels O +at O +6 O +and O +12 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +observed O +positive O +impact O +of O +nifedipine B-Chemical +on O +reducing O +the O +nephrotoxicity O +associated O +with O +tacrolimus B-Chemical +in O +liver O +transplant O +recipients O +should O +be O +an O +important O +factor O +in O +selecting O +an O +agent O +to O +treat O +hypertension O +in O +this O +population O +. O + +aps B-category +Alpha O +and O +beta O +coma O +in O +drug O +intoxication O +uncomplicated O +by O +cerebral O +hypoxia O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +patients O +who O +were O +rendered O +comatose O +or O +stuporous O +by O +drug O +intoxication O +, O +but O +who O +were O +not O +hypoxic O +, O +are O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +patients O +received O +high O +doses O +of O +chlormethiazole B-Chemical +for O +alcohol B-Chemical +withdrawal O +symptoms O +, O +and O +one O +took O +a O +suicidal O +overdose O +of O +nitrazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +with O +nitrazepam B-Chemical +overdose O +and O +two O +of O +those O +with O +chlormethiazole B-Chemical +intoxication O +conformed O +to O +the O +criteria O +of O +' O +alpha O +coma O +' O +, O +showing O +non O +- O +reactive O +generalized O +or O +frontally O +predominant O +alpha O +activity O +in O +the O +EEG O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fourth O +patient O +who O +was O +unconscious O +after O +chlormethiazole B-Chemical +administration O +exhibite O +generalized O +non O +- O +reactive O +activity O +in O +the O +slow O +beta O +range O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +four O +recovered O +completely O +without O +neurological O +sequelae O +following O +the O +withdrawal O +of O +the O +offending O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +similarities O +between O +the O +effects O +of O +structural O +lesions O +and O +pharmacological O +depression O +of O +the O +brain O +stem O +reticular O +formation O +are O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +in O +both O +situations O +disturbed O +reticulo O +- O +thalamic O +interactions O +are O +important O +in O +the O +pathogenesis O +of O +alpha O +coma O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +when O +this O +electroencephalographic O +and O +behavioural O +picture O +is O +seen O +in O +drug O +intoxication O +, O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +significant O +hypoxaemia O +, O +a O +favourable O +outcome O +may O +be O +anticipated O +. O + +aps B-category +Magnetic O +resonance O +volumetry O +of O +the O +cerebellum O +in O +epileptic O +patients O +after O +phenytoin B-Chemical +overdosages O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +evaluate O +the O +relationship O +between O +phenytoin B-Chemical +medication O +and O +cerebellar O +atrophy O +in O +patients O +who O +had O +experienced O +clinical O +intoxication O +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +females O +and O +6 O +males O +, O +21 O +- O +59 O +years O +of O +age O +, O +were O +examined O +with O +a O +1 O +. O +5 O +- O +T O +whole O +- O +body O +system O +using O +a O +circular O +polarized O +head O +coil O +. O + +aps B-category +Conventional O +spin O +echo O +images O +were O +acquired O +in O +the O +sagittal O +and O +transverse O +orientation O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +we O +performed O +a O +high O +- O +resolution O +3D O +gradient O +echo O +, O +T1 O +- O +weighted O +sequences O +at O +a O +1 O +- O +mm O +slice O +thickness O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +images O +were O +subsequently O +processed O +to O +obtain O +volumetric O +data O +for O +the O +cerebellum O +. O + +aps B-category +Cerebellar O +volume O +for O +the O +patient O +group O +ranged O +between O +67 O +. O +66 O +and O +131 O +. O +08 O +ml O +( O +mean O +108 O +. O +9 O +ml O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +3D O +gradient O +echo O +data O +sets O +from O +10 O +healthy O +male O +and O +10 O +healthy O +female O +age O +- O +matched O +volunteers O +were O +used O +to O +compare O +cerebellar O +volumes O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +linear O +regression O +we O +found O +that O +no O +correlation O +exists O +between O +seizure O +duration O +, O +elevation O +of O +phenytoin B-Chemical +serum O +levels O +and O +cerebellar O +volume O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +multiple O +regression O +for O +the O +daily O +dosage O +, O +duration O +of O +phenytoin B-Chemical +treatment O +and O +cerebellar O +volume O +revealed O +a O +correlation O +of O +these O +parameters O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +phenytoin B-Chemical +overdosage O +does O +not O +necessarily O +result O +in O +cerebellar O +atrophy O +and O +it O +is O +unlikely O +that O +phenytoin B-Chemical +medication O +was O +the O +only O +cause O +of O +cerebellar O +atrophy O +in O +the O +remaining O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Quantitative O +morphometric O +studies O +of O +the O +cerebellum O +provide O +valuable O +insights O +into O +the O +pathogenesis O +of O +cerebellar O +disorders O +. O + +aps B-category +Late O +recovery O +of O +renal O +function O +in O +a O +woman O +with O +the O +hemolytic O +uremic O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +case O +is O +reported O +of O +the O +hemolytic O +uremic O +syndrome O +( O +HUS O +) O +in O +a O +woman O +taking O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptives I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +She O +was O +treated O +with O +heparin B-Chemical +, O +dipyridamole B-Chemical +and O +hemodialysis O +; O +and O +after O +more O +than O +three O +months O +, O +her O +urinary O +output O +rose O +above O +500 O +ml O +; O +and O +six O +months O +after O +the O +onset O +of O +anuria O +, O +dialysis O +treatment O +was O +stopped O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +case O +emphasizes O +the O +possibility O +that O +HUS O +in O +adults O +is O +not O +invariably O +irreversible O +and O +that O +, O +despite O +prolonged O +oliguria O +, O +recovery O +of O +renal O +function O +can O +be O +obtained O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +in O +adult O +patients O +affected O +by O +HUS O +, O +dialysis O +should O +not O +be O +discontinued O +prematurely O +; O +moreover O +, O +bilateral O +nephrectomy O +, O +for O +treatment O +of O +severe O +hypertension O +and O +microangiopathic O +hemolytic O +anemia O +, O +should O +be O +performed O +with O +caution O +. O + +aps B-category +Morphological O +features O +of O +encephalopathy O +after O +chronic O +administration O +of O +the O +antiepileptic O +drug O +valproate B-Chemical +to O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +transmission O +electron O +microscopic O +study O +of O +capillaries O +in O +the O +cerebellar O +cortex O +. O + +aps B-category +Long O +- O +term O +intragastric O +application O +of O +the O +antiepileptic O +drug O +sodium B-Chemical +valproate I-Chemical +( O +Vupral O +" O +Polfa O +" O +) O +at O +the O +effective O +dose O +of O +200 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +b O +. O + +aps B-category +w O +. O +once O +daily O +to O +rats O +for O +1 O +, O +3 O +, O +6 O +, O +9 O +and O +12 O +months O +revealed O +neurological O +disorders O +indicating O +cerebellum O +damage O +( O +" O +valproate B-Chemical +encephalopathy O +" O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +first O +ultrastructural O +changes O +in O +structural O +elements O +of O +the O +blood O +- O +brain O +- O +barrier O +( O +BBB O +) O +in O +the O +cerebellar O +cortex O +were O +detectable O +after O +3 O +months O +of O +the O +experiment O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +became O +more O +severe O +in O +the O +later O +months O +of O +the O +experiment O +, O +and O +were O +most O +severe O +after O +12 O +months O +, O +located O +mainly O +in O +the O +molecular O +layer O +of O +the O +cerebellar O +cortex O +. O + +aps B-category +Lesions O +of O +the O +capillary O +included O +necrosis O +of O +endothelial O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Organelles O +of O +these O +cells O +, O +in O +particular O +the O +mitochondria O +( O +increased O +number O +and O +size O +, O +distinct O +degeneration O +of O +their O +matrix O +and O +cristae O +) O +and O +Golgi O +apparatus O +were O +altered O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduced O +size O +of O +capillary O +lumen O +and O +occlusion O +were O +caused O +by O +swollen O +endothelial O +cells O +which O +had O +luminal B-Chemical +protrusions O +and O +swollen O +microvilli O +. O + +aps B-category +Pressure O +on O +the O +vessel O +wall O +was O +produced O +by O +enlarged O +perivascular O +astrocytic O +processes O +. O + +aps B-category +Fragments O +of O +necrotic O +endothelial O +cells O +were O +in O +the O +vascular O +lumens O +and O +in O +these O +there O +was O +loosening O +and O +breaking O +of O +tight O +cellular O +junctions O +. O + +aps B-category +Damage O +to O +the O +vascular O +basement O +lamina O +was O +also O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +Damage O +to O +the O +capillary O +was O +accompanied O +by O +marked O +damage O +to O +neuroglial O +cells O +, O +mainly O +to O +perivascular O +processes O +of O +astrocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +proliferation O +of O +astrocytes O +( O +Bergmann O +' O +s O +in O +particular O +) O +and O +occasionally O +of O +oligodendrocytes O +was O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +Alterations O +in O +the O +structural O +elements O +of O +the O +BBB O +coexisted O +with O +marked O +lesions O +of O +neurons O +of O +the O +cerebellum O +( O +Purkinje O +cells O +are O +earliest O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +electron O +micrographs O +both O +luminal B-Chemical +and O +antiluminal O +sides O +of O +the O +BBB O +of O +the O +cerebellar O +cortex O +had O +similar O +lesions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +possible O +influence O +of O +the O +hepatic O +damage O +, O +mainly O +hyperammonemia O +, O +upon O +the O +development O +of O +valproate B-Chemical +encephalopathy O +is O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Fatal O +intracranial O +bleeding O +associated O +with O +prehospital O +use O +of O +epinephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +present O +a O +case O +of O +paramedic O +misjudgment O +in O +the O +execution O +of O +a O +protocol O +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +allergic O +reaction O +in O +a O +case O +of O +pulmonary O +edema O +with O +wheezing O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +sudden O +onset O +of O +respiratory O +distress O +, O +rash O +, O +and O +a O +history O +of O +a O +new O +medicine O +led O +the O +two O +paramedics O +on O +the O +scene O +to O +administer O +subcutaneous O +epinephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Subsequently O +, O +acute O +cardiac O +arrest O +and O +fatal O +subarachnoid O +hemorrhage O +occurred O +. O + +aps B-category +Epinephrine B-Chemical +has O +a O +proven O +role O +in O +cardiac O +arrest O +in O +prehospital O +care O +; O +however O +, O +use O +by O +paramedics O +in O +patients O +with O +suspected O +allergic O +reaction O +and O +severe O +hypertension O +should O +be O +viewed O +with O +caution O +. O + +aps B-category +Role O +of O +activation O +of O +bradykinin B-Chemical +B2 O +receptors O +in O +disruption O +of O +the O +blood O +- O +brain O +barrier O +during O +acute O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +Cellular O +mechanisms O +which O +account O +for O +disruption O +the O +blood O +- O +brain O +barrier O +during O +acute O +hypertension O +are O +not O +clear O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +goal O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +determine O +the O +role O +of O +synthesis O +/ O +release O +of O +bradykinin B-Chemical +to O +activate O +B2 O +receptors O +in O +disruption O +of O +the O +blood O +- O +brain O +barrier O +during O +acute O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +Permeability O +of O +the O +blood O +- O +brain O +barrier O +was O +quantitated O +by O +clearance O +of O +fluorescent O +- O +labeled O +dextran B-Chemical +before O +and O +during O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +acute O +hypertension O +in O +rats O +treated O +with O +vehicle O +and O +Hoe B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +140 I-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +1 O +microM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Phenylephrine B-Chemical +infusion O +increased O +arterial O +pressure O +, O +arteriolar O +diameter O +and O +clearance O +of O +fluorescent O +dextran B-Chemical +by O +a O +similar O +magnitude O +in O +both O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +suggest O +that O +disruption O +of O +the O +blood O +- O +brain O +barrier O +during O +acute O +hypertension O +is O +not O +related O +to O +the O +synthesis O +/ O +release O +of O +bradykinin B-Chemical +to O +activate O +B2 O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Risk O +factors O +of O +sensorineural O +hearing O +loss O +in O +preterm O +infants O +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +547 O +preterm O +infants O +of O +< O +or O += O +34 O +weeks O +gestation O +born O +between O +1987 O +and O +1991 O +, O +8 O +children O +( O +1 O +. O +46 O +% O +) O +developed O +severe O +progressive O +and O +bilateral O +sensorineural O +hearing O +loss O +. O + +aps B-category +Perinatal O +risk O +factors O +of O +infants O +with O +hearing O +loss O +were O +compared O +with O +those O +of O +two O +control O +groups O +matched O +for O +gestation O +and O +birth O +weight O +and O +for O +perinatal O +complications O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +observations O +demonstrated O +an O +association O +of O +hearing O +loss O +with O +a O +higher O +incidence O +of O +perinatal O +complications O +. O + +aps B-category +Ototoxicity O +appeared O +closely O +related O +to O +a O +prolonged O +administration O +and O +higher O +total O +dose O +of O +ototoxic O +drugs O +, O +particularly O +aminoglycosides B-Chemical +and O +furosemide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Finally O +, O +we O +strongly O +recommend O +to O +prospectively O +and O +regularly O +perform O +audiologic O +assessment O +in O +sick O +preterm O +children O +as O +hearing O +loss O +is O +of O +delayed O +onset O +and O +in O +most O +cases O +bilateral O +and O +severe O +. O + +aps B-category +Seizure O +resulting O +from O +a O +venlafaxine B-Chemical +overdose O +. O + +aps B-category +OBJECTIVE O +: O +To O +report O +a O +case O +of O +venlafaxine B-Chemical +overdose O +. O + +aps B-category +CASE O +SUMMARY O +: O +A O +40 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +woman O +with O +major O +depression O +took O +an O +overdose O +of O +venlafaxine B-Chemical +in O +an O +apparent O +suicide O +attempt O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +the O +ingestion O +of O +26 O +venlafaxine B-Chemical +50 O +- O +mg O +tablets O +, O +the O +patient O +experienced O +a O +witnessed O +generalized O +seizure O +. O + +aps B-category +She O +was O +admitted O +to O +the O +medical O +intensive O +care O +unit O +, O +venlafaxine B-Chemical +was O +discontinued O +, O +and O +no O +further O +sequelae O +were O +seen O +. O + +aps B-category +DISCUSSION O +: O +To O +our O +knowledge O +, O +this O +is O +the O +first O +reported O +case O +of O +venlafaxine B-Chemical +overdose O +that O +resulted O +in O +a O +generalized O +seizure O +. O + +aps B-category +Based O +on O +nonoverdose O +pharmacokinetics O +and O +pharmacodynamics O +of O +venlafaxine B-Chemical +and O +the O +potential O +risks O +of O +available O +interventions O +, O +no O +emergent O +therapy O +was O +instituted O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +The O +venlafaxine B-Chemical +overdose O +in O +our O +patient O +resulted O +in O +a O +single O +episode O +of O +generalized O +seizure O +but O +elicited O +no O +further O +sequelae O +. O + +aps B-category +Combined O +effects O +of O +prolonged O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E1 I-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypotension O +and O +haemodilution O +on O +human O +hepatic O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +Combined O +effects O +of O +prolonged O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E1 I-Chemical +( O +PGE1 B-Chemical +) O +- O +induced O +hypotension O +and O +haemodilution O +on O +hepatic O +function O +were O +studied O +in O +30 O +patients O +undergoing O +hip O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patients O +were O +randomly O +allocated O +to O +one O +of O +three O +groups O +; O +those O +in O +group O +A O +( O +n O += O +10 O +) O +were O +subjected O +to O +controlled O +hypotension O +alone O +, O +those O +in O +group O +B O +( O +n O += O +10 O +) O +to O +haemodilution O +alone O +and O +those O +in O +group O +C O +( O +n O += O +10 O +) O +to O +both O +controlled O +hypotension O +and O +haemodilution O +. O + +aps B-category +Haemodilution O +in O +groups O +B O +and O +C O +was O +produced O +by O +withdrawing O +approximately O +1000 O +mL O +of O +blood O +and O +replacing O +it O +with O +the O +same O +amount O +of O +dextran B-Chemical +solution O +, O +and O +final O +haematocrit O +values O +were O +21 O +or O +22 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Controlled O +hypotension O +in O +groups O +A O +and O +C O +was O +induced O +with O +PGE1 B-Chemical +to O +maintain O +mean O +arterial O +blood O +pressure O +at O +55 O +mmHg O +for O +180 O +min O +. O + +aps B-category +Measurements O +included O +arterial O +ketone O +body O +ratio O +( O +AKBR O +, O +aceto B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +/ O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxybutyrate I-Chemical +) O +and O +clinical O +hepatic O +function O +parameters O +. O + +aps B-category +AKBR O +and O +biological O +hepatic O +function O +tests O +showed O +no O +change O +throughout O +the O +time O +course O +in O +groups O +A O +and O +B O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +group O +C O +, O +AKBR O +showed O +a O +significant O +decrease O +at O +120 O +min O +( O +- O +40 O +% O +) O +and O +at O +180 O +min O +( O +- O +49 O +% O +) O +after O +the O +start O +of O +hypotension O +and O +at O +60 O +min O +( O +- O +32 O +% O +) O +after O +recovery O +of O +normotension O +, O +and O +SGOT O +, O +SGPT O +, O +LDH O +and O +total O +bilirubin B-Chemical +showed O +significant O +increases O +after O +operation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +suggest O +that O +a O +prolonged O +combination O +of O +more O +than O +120 O +min O +of O +PGE1 B-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypotension O +and O +moderate O +haemodilution O +would O +cause O +impairment O +of O +hepatic O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +Cardiovascular O +alterations O +in O +rat O +fetuses O +exposed O +to O +calcium B-Chemical +channel O +blockers O +. O + +aps B-category +Preclinical O +toxicologic O +investigation O +suggested O +that O +a O +new O +calcium B-Chemical +channel O +blocker O +, O +Ro B-Chemical +40 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5967 I-Chemical +, O +induced O +cardiovascular O +alterations O +in O +rat O +fetuses O +exposed O +to O +this O +agent O +during O +organogenesis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +study O +was O +designed O +to O +investigate O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +calcium B-Chemical +channel O +blockers O +in O +general O +induce O +cardiovascular O +malformations O +indicating O +a O +pharmacologic O +class O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +studied O +three O +calcium B-Chemical +channel O +blockers O +of O +different O +structure O +, O +nifedipine B-Chemical +, O +diltiazem B-Chemical +, O +and O +verapamil B-Chemical +, O +along O +with O +the O +new O +agent O +. O + +aps B-category +Pregnant O +rats O +were O +administered O +one O +of O +these O +calcium B-Chemical +channel O +blockers O +during O +the O +period O +of O +cardiac O +morphogenesis O +and O +the O +offspring O +examined O +on O +day O +20 O +of O +gestation O +for O +cardiovascular O +malformations O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +low O +incidence O +of O +cardiovascular O +malformations O +was O +observed O +after O +exposure O +to O +each O +of O +the O +four O +calcium B-Chemical +channel O +blockers O +, O +but O +this O +incidence O +was O +statistically O +significant O +only O +for O +verapamil B-Chemical +and O +nifedipine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +All O +four O +agents O +were O +associated O +with O +aortic O +arch O +branching O +variants O +, O +although O +significantly O +increased O +only O +for O +Ro B-Chemical +40 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5967 I-Chemical +and O +verapamil B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +site O +of O +common O +side O +effects O +of O +sumatriptan B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Atypical O +sensations O +following O +the O +use O +of O +subcutaneous O +sumatriptan B-Chemical +are O +common O +, O +but O +of O +uncertain O +origin O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +are O +almost O +always O +benign O +, O +but O +can O +be O +mistaken O +for O +a O +serious O +adverse O +event O +by O +the O +patient O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +patients O +are O +presented O +with O +tingling O +or O +burning O +sensations O +limited O +to O +areas O +of O +heat O +exposure O +or O +sunburn O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +these O +individuals O +, O +side O +effects O +are O +most O +likely O +generated O +superficially O +in O +the O +skin O +. O + +aps B-category +Macula O +toxicity O +after O +intravitreal O +amikacin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Although O +intravitreal O +aminoglycosides B-Chemical +have O +substantially O +improved O +visual O +prognosis O +in O +endophthalmitis O +, O +macular O +infarction O +may O +impair O +full O +visual O +recovery O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +We O +present O +a O +case O +of O +presumed O +amikacin B-Chemical +retinal O +toxicity O +following O +treatment O +with O +amikacin B-Chemical +and O +vancomycin B-Chemical +for O +alpha O +- O +haemolytic O +streptococcal O +endophthalmitis O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Endophthalmitis O +resolved O +with O +improvement O +in O +visual O +acuity O +to O +6 O +/ O +24 O +at O +three O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +Fundus O +fluorescein B-Chemical +angiography O +confirmed O +macular O +capillary O +closure O +and O +telangiectasis O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Currently O +accepted O +intravitreal O +antibiotic O +regimens O +may O +cause O +retinal O +toxicity O +and O +macular O +ischaemia O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +strategies O +aimed O +at O +avoiding O +retinal O +toxicity O +are O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +nicotine B-Chemical +in O +smoking O +- O +related O +cardiovascular O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Nicotine B-Chemical +activates O +the O +sympathetic O +nervous O +system O +and O +in O +this O +way O +could O +contribute O +to O +cardiovascular O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Animal O +studies O +and O +mechanistic O +studies O +indicate O +that O +nicotine B-Chemical +could O +play O +a O +role O +in O +accelerating O +atherosclerosis O +, O +but O +evidence O +among O +humans O +is O +too O +inadequate O +to O +be O +definitive O +about O +such O +an O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Almost O +certainly O +, O +nicotine B-Chemical +via O +its O +hemodynamic O +effects O +contributes O +to O +acute O +cardiovascular O +events O +, O +although O +current O +evidence O +suggests O +that O +the O +effects O +of O +nicotine B-Chemical +are O +much O +less O +important O +than O +are O +the O +prothrombotic O +effects O +of O +cigarette O +smoking O +or O +the O +effects O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Nicotine B-Chemical +does O +not O +appear O +to O +enhance O +thrombosis O +among O +humans O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +studies O +of O +pipe O +smokers O +and O +people O +using O +transdermal O +nicotine B-Chemical +support O +the O +idea O +that O +toxins O +other O +than O +nicotine B-Chemical +are O +the O +most O +important O +causes O +of O +acute O +cardiovascular O +events O +. O + +aps B-category +Finally O +, O +the O +dose O +response O +for O +cardiovascular O +events O +of O +nicotine B-Chemical +appears O +to O +be O +flat O +, O +suggesting O +that O +if O +nicotine B-Chemical +is O +involved O +, O +adverse O +effects O +might O +be O +seen O +with O +relatively O +low O +- O +level O +cigarette O +exposures O +. O + +aps B-category +Iatrogenically O +induced O +intractable O +atrioventricular O +reentrant O +tachycardia O +after O +verapamil B-Chemical +and O +catheter O +ablation O +in O +a O +patient O +with O +Wolff O +- O +Parkinson O +- O +White O +syndrome O +and O +idiopathic O +dilated O +cardiomyopathy O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +patient O +with O +WPW O +syndrome O +and O +idiopathic O +dilated O +cardiomyopathy O +, O +intractable O +atrioventricular O +reentrant O +tachycardia O +( O +AVRT O +) O +was O +iatrogenically O +induced O +. O + +aps B-category +QRS O +without O +preexcitation O +, O +caused O +by O +junctional O +escape O +beats O +after O +verapamil B-Chemical +or O +unidirectional O +antegrade O +block O +of O +accessory O +pathway O +after O +catheter O +ablation O +, O +established O +frequent O +AVRT O +attack O +. O + +aps B-category +Epidemic O +of O +liver O +disease O +caused O +by O +hydrochlorofluorocarbons B-Chemical +used O +as O +ozone B-Chemical +- O +sparing O +substitutes O +of O +chlorofluorocarbons B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Hydrochlorofluorocarbons B-Chemical +( O +HCFCs B-Chemical +) O +are O +used O +increasingly O +in O +industry O +as O +substitutes O +for O +ozone B-Chemical +- O +depleting O +chlorofluorocarbons B-Chemical +( O +CFCs B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Limited O +studies O +in O +animals O +indicate O +potential O +hepatotoxicity O +of O +some O +of O +these O +compounds O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +investigated O +an O +epidemic O +of O +liver O +disease O +in O +nine O +industrial O +workers O +who O +had O +had O +repeated O +accidental O +exposure O +to O +a O +mixture O +of O +1 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dichloro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +trifluoroethane I-Chemical +( O +HCFC B-Chemical +123 I-Chemical +) O +and O +1 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +chloro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tetrafluoroethane I-Chemical +( O +HCFC B-Chemical +124 I-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +nine O +exposed O +workers O +were O +affected O +to O +various O +degrees O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +compounds O +are O +metabolised O +in O +the O +same O +way O +as O +1 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bromo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +chloro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +trifluoroethane I-Chemical +( O +halothane B-Chemical +) O +to O +form O +reactive O +trifluoroacetyl B-Chemical +halide O +intermediates O +, O +which O +have O +been O +implicated O +in O +the O +hepatotoxicity O +of O +halothane B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +aimed O +to O +test O +whether O +HCFCs B-Chemical +123 I-Chemical +and I-Chemical +124 I-Chemical +can O +result O +in O +serious O +liver O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +For O +one O +severely O +affected O +worker O +liver O +biopsy O +and O +immunohistochemical O +stainings O +for O +the O +presence O +of O +trifluoroacetyl B-Chemical +protein O +adducts O +were O +done O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +serum O +of O +six O +affected O +workers O +and O +five O +controls O +was O +tested O +for O +autoantibodies O +that O +react O +with O +human O +liver O +cytochrome O +- O +P450 O +2E1 O +( O +P450 O +2E1 O +) O +and O +P58 O +protein O +disulphide O +isomerase O +isoform O +( O +P58 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +FINDINGS O +: O +The O +liver O +biopsy O +sample O +showed O +hepatocellular O +necrosis O +which O +was O +prominent O +in O +perivenular O +zone O +three O +and O +extended O +focally O +from O +portal O +tracts O +to O +portal O +tracts O +and O +centrilobular O +areas O +( O +bridging O +necrosis O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Trifluoroacetyl B-Chemical +- O +adducted O +proteins O +were O +detected O +in O +surviving O +hepatocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +Autoantibodies O +against O +P450 O +2E1 O +or O +P58 O +, O +previously O +associated O +with O +halothane O +hepatitis O +, O +were O +detected O +in O +the O +serum O +of O +five O +affected O +workers O +. O + +aps B-category +INTERPRETATION O +: O +Repeated O +exposure O +of O +human O +beings O +to O +HCFCs B-Chemical +123 I-Chemical +and I-Chemical +124 I-Chemical +can O +result O +in O +serious O +liver O +injury O +in O +a O +large O +proportion O +of O +the O +exposed O +population O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +the O +exact O +mechanism O +of O +hepatotoxicity O +of O +these O +agents O +is O +not O +known O +, O +the O +results O +suggest O +that O +trifluoroacetyl B-Chemical +- O +altered O +liver O +proteins O +are O +involved O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +view O +of O +the O +potentially O +widespread O +use O +of O +these O +compounds O +, O +there O +is O +an O +urgent O +need O +to O +develop O +safer O +alternatives O +. O + +aps B-category +Bile O +duct O +hamartoma O +occurring O +in O +association O +with O +long O +- O +term O +treatment O +with O +danazol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +report O +a O +case O +of O +bile O +duct O +hamartoma O +which O +developed O +in O +a O +patient O +who O +had O +been O +on O +long O +- O +term O +danazol B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Such O +patients O +should O +be O +under O +close O +follow O +- O +up O +, O +preferably O +with O +periodic O +ultrasound O +examination O +of O +the O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +If O +the O +patient O +develops O +a O +liver O +mass O +, O +because O +of O +non O +- O +specific O +clinical O +features O +and O +imaging O +appearances O +, O +biopsy O +may O +be O +the O +only O +way O +to O +achieve O +a O +definitive O +diagnosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Endocrine O +screening O +in O +1 O +, O +022 O +men O +with O +erectile O +dysfunction O +: O +clinical O +significance O +and O +cost O +- O +effective O +strategy O +. O + +aps B-category +PURPOSE O +: O +We O +reviewed O +the O +results O +of O +serum O +testosterone B-Chemical +and O +prolactin O +determination O +in O +1 O +, O +022 O +patients O +referred O +because O +of O +erectile O +dysfunction O +and O +compared O +the O +data O +with O +history O +, O +results O +of O +physical O +examination O +, O +other O +etiological O +investigations O +and O +effects O +of O +endocrine O +therapy O +to O +refine O +the O +rules O +of O +cost O +- O +effective O +endocrine O +screening O +and O +to O +pinpoint O +actual O +responsibility O +for O +hormonal O +abnormalities O +. O + +aps B-category +MATERIALS O +AND O +METHODS O +: O +Testosterone B-Chemical +and O +prolactin O +were O +determined O +by O +radioimmunoassay O +. O + +aps B-category +Every O +patient O +was O +screened O +for O +testosterone B-Chemical +and O +451 O +were O +screened O +for O +prolactin O +on O +the O +basis O +of O +low O +sexual O +desire O +, O +gynecomastia O +or O +testosterone B-Chemical +less O +than O +4 O +ng O +. O +/ O +ml O +. O + +aps B-category +Determination O +was O +repeated O +in O +case O +of O +abnormal O +first O +results O +. O + +aps B-category +Prolactin O +results O +were O +compared O +with O +those O +of O +a O +previous O +personal O +cohort O +of O +1 O +, O +340 O +patients O +with O +erectile O +dysfunction O +and O +systematic O +prolactin O +determination O +. O + +aps B-category +Main O +clinical O +criteria O +tested O +regarding O +efficiency O +in O +hormone O +determination O +were O +low O +sexual O +desire O +, O +small O +testes O +and O +gynecomastia O +. O + +aps B-category +Endocrine O +therapy O +consisted O +of O +testosterone B-Chemical +heptylate I-Chemical +or O +human O +chorionic O +gonadotropin O +for O +hypogonadism O +and O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +for O +hyperprolactinemia O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Testosterone B-Chemical +was O +less O +than O +3 O +ng O +. O +/ O +ml O +. O +in O +107 O +patients O +but O +normal O +in O +40 O +% O +at O +repeat O +determination O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +prevalence O +of O +repeatedly O +low O +testosterone B-Chemical +increased O +with O +age O +( O +4 O +% O +before O +age O +50 O +years O +and O +9 O +% O +50 O +years O +or O +older O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +pituitary O +tumors O +were O +discovered O +after O +testosterone B-Chemical +determination O +. O + +aps B-category +Most O +of O +the O +other O +low O +testosterone B-Chemical +levels O +seemed O +to O +result O +from O +nonorganic O +hypothalamic O +dysfunction O +because O +of O +normal O +serum O +luteinizing O +hormone O +and O +prolactin O +and O +to O +have O +only O +a O +small O +role O +in O +erectile O +dysfunction O +( O +definite O +improvement O +in O +only O +16 O +of O +44 O +[ O +36 O +% O +] O +after O +androgen O +therapy O +, O +normal O +morning O +or O +nocturnal O +erections O +in O +30 O +% O +and O +definite O +vasculogenic O +contributions O +in O +42 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Determining O +testosterone B-Chemical +only O +in O +cases O +of O +low O +sexual O +desire O +or O +abnormal O +physical O +examination O +would O +have O +missed O +40 O +% O +of O +the O +cases O +with O +low O +testosterone B-Chemical +, O +including O +37 O +% O +of O +those O +subsequently O +improved O +by O +androgen O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Prolactin O +exceeded O +20 O +ng O +. O +/ O +ml O +. O +in O +5 O +men O +and O +was O +normal O +in O +2 O +at O +repeat O +determination O +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +1 O +prolactinoma O +was O +discovered O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +are O +lower O +than O +those O +we O +found O +during O +the O +last O +2 O +decades O +( O +overall O +prolactin O +greater O +than O +20 O +ng O +. O +/ O +ml O +. O +in O +1 O +. O +86 O +% O +of O +1 O +, O +821 O +patients O +, O +prolactinomas O +in O +7 O +, O +0 O +. O +38 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Bromocriptine B-Chemical +was O +definitely O +effective O +in O +cases O +with O +prolactin O +greater O +than O +35 O +ng O +. O +/ O +ml O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +8 O +of O +12 O +compared O +to O +only O +9 O +of O +22 O +cases O +with O +prolactin O +between O +20 O +and O +35 O +ng O +. O +/ O +ml O +. O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Testosterone B-Chemical +was O +low O +in O +less O +than O +50 O +% O +of O +cases O +with O +prolactin O +greater O +than O +35 O +ng O +. O +/ O +ml O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Low O +prevalences O +and O +effects O +of O +low O +testosterone B-Chemical +and O +high O +prolactin O +in O +erectile O +dysfunction O +cannot O +justify O +their O +routine O +determination O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +cost O +- O +effective O +screening O +strategies O +recommended O +so O +far O +missed O +40 O +to O +50 O +% O +of O +cases O +improved O +with O +endocrine O +therapy O +and O +the O +pituitary O +tumors O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +now O +advocate O +that O +before O +age O +50 O +years O +testosterone B-Chemical +be O +determined O +only O +in O +cases O +of O +low O +sexual O +desire O +and O +abnormal O +physical O +examination O +but O +that O +it O +be O +measured O +in O +all O +men O +older O +than O +50 O +years O +. O + +aps B-category +Prolactin O +should O +be O +determined O +only O +in O +cases O +of O +low O +sexual O +desire O +, O +gynecomastia O +and O +/ O +or O +testosterone B-Chemical +less O +than O +4 O +ng O +. O +/ O +ml O +. O + +aps B-category +Extrapyramidal O +side O +effects O +with O +risperidone B-Chemical +and O +haloperidol B-Chemical +at O +comparable O +D2 O +receptor O +occupancy O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +Risperidone B-Chemical +is O +an O +antipsychotic O +drug O +with O +high O +affinity O +at O +dopamine B-Chemical +D2 O +and O +serotonin B-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT2 I-Chemical +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Previous O +clinical O +studies O +have O +proposed O +that O +risperidone B-Chemical +' O +s O +pharmacologic O +profile O +may O +produce O +improved O +efficacy O +for O +negative O +psychotic O +symptoms O +and O +decreased O +propensity O +for O +extrapyramidal O +side O +effects O +; O +features O +shared O +by O +so O +- O +called O +' O +atypical O +' O +neuroleptics O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +determine O +if O +routine O +risperidone B-Chemical +treatment O +is O +associated O +with O +a O +unique O +degree O +of O +D2 O +receptor O +occupancy O +and O +pattern O +of O +clinical O +effects O +, O +we O +used O +[ O +123I O +] O +IBZM O +SPECT O +to O +determine O +D2 O +occupancy O +in O +subjects O +treated O +with O +routine O +clinical O +doses O +of O +risperidone B-Chemical +( O +n O += O +12 O +) O +or O +haloperidol B-Chemical +( O +n O += O +7 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +risperidone B-Chemical +and O +haloperidol B-Chemical +produced O +D2 O +occupancy O +levels O +between O +approximately O +60 O +and O +90 O +% O +at O +standard O +clinical O +doses O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +significant O +difference O +between O +occupancy O +levels O +obtained O +with O +haloperidol B-Chemical +or O +risperidone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Drug O +- O +induced O +parkinsonism O +was O +observed O +in O +subjects O +treated O +with O +risperidone B-Chemical +( O +42 O +% O +) O +and O +haloperidol B-Chemical +( O +29 O +% O +) O +and O +was O +observed O +at O +occupancy O +levels O +above O +60 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Based O +on O +these O +observations O +, O +it O +is O +concluded O +that O +5 O +- O +HT2 O +blockade O +obtained O +with O +risperidone B-Chemical +at O +D2 O +occupancy O +rates O +of O +60 O +% O +and O +above O +does O +not O +appear O +to O +protect O +against O +the O +risk O +for O +extrapyramidal O +side O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +of O +previously O +treated O +metastatic O +breast O +cancer O +by O +mitoxantrone B-Chemical +and O +48 O +- O +hour O +continuous O +infusion O +of O +high O +- O +dose O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +and O +leucovorin B-Chemical +( O +MFL B-Chemical +) O +: O +low O +palliative O +benefit O +and O +high O +treatment O +- O +related O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +previously O +treated O +advanced O +breast O +cancer O +, O +there O +is O +no O +standard O +second O +- O +line O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Combination O +chemotherapy O +with O +mitoxantrone B-Chemical +, O +high O +- O +dose O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluorouracil I-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +) O +and O +leucovorin B-Chemical +( O +MFL B-Chemical +regimen I-Chemical +) O +had O +been O +reported O +as O +an O +effective O +and O +well O +tolerated O +regimen O +. O + +aps B-category +From O +October O +1993 O +to O +November O +1995 O +, O +we O +treated O +13 O +patients O +with O +previously O +chemotherapy O +- O +treated O +metastatic O +breast O +cancer O +by O +mitoxantrone B-Chemical +, O +12 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +, O +on O +day O +1 O +and O +continuous O +infusion O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +, O +3000 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +, O +together O +with O +leucovorin B-Chemical +, O +300 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +, O +for O +48 O +h O +from O +day O +1 O +to O +2 O +. O + +aps B-category +Each O +course O +of O +chemotherapy O +was O +given O +every O +4 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +Most O +of O +these O +patients O +had O +more O +than O +two O +metastatic O +sites O +, O +with O +lung O +metastasis O +predominant O +. O + +aps B-category +Seven O +patients O +had O +been O +treated O +with O +anthracycline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Seven O +patients O +had O +previously O +received O +radiotherapy O +and O +seven O +had O +received O +hormone O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Median O +number O +of O +courses O +of O +MFL B-Chemical +regimen I-Chemical +given O +was O +six O +and O +the O +median O +cumulative O +dose O +of O +mitoxantrone B-Chemical +was O +68 O +. O +35 O +mg O +/ O +m2 O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +patient O +had O +complete O +response O +, O +seven O +had O +stable O +disease O +, O +none O +had O +partial O +response O +and O +five O +had O +progressive O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +overall O +objective O +response O +rate O +was O +7 O +. O +6 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +median O +follow O +- O +up O +period O +was O +14 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +Median O +survival O +was O +16 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +Median O +progression O +- O +free O +survival O +was O +5 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +complete O +responder O +had O +relapse O +- O +free O +survival O +up O +to O +17 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +Major O +toxicities O +were O +cardiotoxicity O +and O +leukopenia O +. O + +aps B-category +Eight O +patients O +were O +dead O +in O +the O +last O +follow O +- O +up O +; O +two O +of O +them O +died O +of O +treatment O +- O +related O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +MFL B-Chemical +regimen I-Chemical +achieves O +little O +palliative O +benefit O +and O +induces O +severe O +toxicity O +at O +a O +fairly O +high O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +this O +regimen O +to O +breast O +cancer O +patients O +who O +have O +been O +treated O +by O +chemotherapy O +and O +those O +with O +impaired O +heart O +function O +requires O +careful O +attention O +. O + +aps B-category +Ticlopidine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +aplastic O +anemia O +: O +report O +of O +three O +Chinese O +patients O +and O +review O +of O +the O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +study O +, O +three O +Chinese O +patients O +with O +ticlopidine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +aplastic O +anemia O +were O +reported O +and O +another O +13 O +patients O +in O +the O +English O +literature O +were O +reviewed O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +attempted O +to O +find O +underlying O +similarities O +, O +evaluate O +the O +risk O +factors O +, O +and O +identify O +appropriate O +treatment O +for O +this O +complication O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +but O +one O +of O +the O +patients O +were O +over O +60 O +years O +old O +, O +and O +the O +6 O +who O +died O +were O +all O +older O +than O +65 O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +old O +age O +may O +be O +a O +risk O +factor O +for O +developing O +this O +complication O +. O + +aps B-category +Agranulocytosis O +occurred O +3 O +- O +20 O +weeks O +after O +initiation O +of O +ticlopidine B-Chemical +, O +so O +frequent O +examination O +of O +white O +cell O +count O +during O +treatment O +is O +recommended O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +seemed O +to O +be O +no O +direct O +correlation O +between O +the O +dose O +or O +duration O +used O +and O +the O +severity O +of O +bone O +marrow O +suppression O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +for O +ticlopidine B-Chemical +- O +induced O +aplastic O +anemia O +with O +colony O +- O +stimulating O +factors O +seemed O +to O +have O +little O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fact O +that O +5 O +of O +the O +6 O +patients O +who O +received O +concurrent O +calcium B-Chemical +channel O +blockers O +died O +, O +should O +alert O +clinicians O +to O +be O +more O +cautious O +when O +using O +these O +two O +drugs O +simultaneously O +. O + +aps B-category +Upregulation O +of O +the O +expression O +of O +vasopressin B-Chemical +gene O +in O +the O +paraventricular O +and O +supraoptic O +nuclei O +of O +the O +lithium B-Chemical +- O +induced O +diabetes O +insipidus O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +expression O +of O +arginine B-Chemical +vasopressin I-Chemical +( O +AVP B-Chemical +) O +gene O +in O +the O +paraventricular O +( O +PVN O +) O +and O +supraoptic O +nuclei O +( O +SON O +) O +was O +investigated O +in O +rats O +with O +lithium B-Chemical +( O +Li B-Chemical +) O +- O +induced O +polyuria O +, O +using O +in O +situ O +hybridization O +histochemistry O +and O +radioimmunoassay O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +male O +Wistar O +rats O +consuming O +a O +diet O +that O +contained O +LiCl B-Chemical +( O +60 O +mmol O +/ O +kg O +) O +for O +4 O +weeks O +developed O +marked O +polyuria O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Li B-Chemical +- O +treated O +rats O +produced O +a O +large O +volume O +of O +hypotonic O +urine O +with O +low O +ionic O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +sodium B-Chemical +concentrations O +were O +found O +to O +be O +slightly O +increased O +in O +the O +Li B-Chemical +- O +treated O +rats O +compared O +with O +those O +in O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +concentration O +of O +AVP B-Chemical +and O +transcripts O +of O +AVP B-Chemical +gene O +in O +the O +PVN O +and O +SON O +were O +significantly O +increased O +in O +the O +Li B-Chemical +- O +treated O +rats O +compared O +with O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +dehydration O +and O +/ O +or O +the O +activation O +of O +visceral O +afferent O +inputs O +may O +contribute O +to O +the O +elevation O +of O +plasma O +AVP B-Chemical +and O +the O +upregulation O +of O +AVP B-Chemical +gene O +expression O +in O +the O +PVN O +and O +the O +SON O +of O +the O +Li B-Chemical +- O +induced O +diabetes O +insipidus O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Antinociceptive O +and O +antiamnesic O +properties O +of O +the O +presynaptic O +cholinergic O +amplifier O +PG B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +9 I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +antinociceptive O +effect O +of O +3 B-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tropyl I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +p I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bromophenyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +propionate I-Chemical +[ O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +- O +PG B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +9 I-Chemical +] O +( O +10 O +- O +40 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +s O +. O +c O +. O +; O +30 O +- O +60 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +p O +. O +o O +. O +; O +10 O +- O +30 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +i O +. O +v O +. O +; O +10 O +- O +30 O +micrograms O +/ O +mouse O +i O +. O +c O +. O +v O +. O +) O +was O +examined O +in O +mice O +, O +rats O +and O +guinea O +pigs O +by O +use O +of O +the O +hot O +- O +plate O +, O +abdominal O +- O +constriction O +, O +tail O +- O +flick O +and O +paw O +- O +pressure O +tests O +. O + +aps B-category +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +- O +PG B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +9 I-Chemical +antinociception O +peaked O +15 O +min O +after O +injection O +and O +then O +slowly O +diminished O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +antinociception O +produced O +by O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +- O +PG B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +9 I-Chemical +was O +prevented O +by O +the O +unselective O +muscarinic O +antagonist O +atropine B-Chemical +, O +the O +M1 O +- O +selective O +antagonists O +pirenzepine B-Chemical +and O +dicyclomine B-Chemical +and O +the O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +depletor O +hemicholinium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +by O +the O +opioid O +antagonist O +naloxone B-Chemical +, O +the O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acidB I-Chemical +antagonist O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminopropyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +diethoxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphinic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +the O +H3 O +agonist O +R B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylhistamine I-Chemical +, O +the O +D2 O +antagonist O +quinpirole B-Chemical +, O +the O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine4 I-Chemical +antagonist O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methoxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +chlorobenzoic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +diethylamino I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +ethyl I-Chemical +ester I-Chemical +hydrochloride O +, O +the O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamin1A I-Chemical +antagonist O +1 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methoxyphenyl I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +[ I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phthalimido I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +butyl I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +piperazine I-Chemical +hydrobromide O +and O +the O +polyamines O +depletor O +reserpine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Based O +on O +these O +data O +, O +it O +can O +be O +postulated O +that O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +- O +PG B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +9 I-Chemical +exerted O +an O +antinociceptive O +effect O +mediated O +by O +a O +central O +potentiation O +of O +cholinergic O +transmission O +. O + +aps B-category +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +- O +PG B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +9 I-Chemical +( O +10 O +- O +40 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +was O +able O +to O +prevent O +amnesia O +induced O +by O +scopolamine B-Chemical +( O +1 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +and O +dicyclomine B-Chemical +( O +2 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +in O +the O +mouse O +passive O +- O +avoidance O +test O +. O + +aps B-category +Affinity O +profiles O +of O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +- O +PG B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +9 I-Chemical +for O +muscarinic O +receptor O +subtypes O +, O +determined O +by O +functional O +studies O +( O +rabbit O +vas O +deferens O +for O +M1 O +, O +guinea O +pig O +atrium O +for O +M2 O +, O +guinea O +pig O +ileum O +for O +M3 O +and O +immature O +guinea O +pig O +uterus O +for O +putative O +M4 O +) O +, O +have O +shown O +an O +M4 O +/ O +M1 O +selectivity O +ratio O +of O +10 O +. O +2 O +that O +might O +be O +responsible O +for O +the O +antinociception O +and O +the O +anti O +- O +amnesic O +effect O +induced O +by O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +- O +PG B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +9 I-Chemical +through O +an O +increase O +in O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +extracellular O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +antinociceptive O +and O +antiamnesic O +dose O +range O +, O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +- O +PG B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +9 I-Chemical +did O +not O +impair O +mouse O +performance O +evaluated O +by O +the O +rota O +- O +rod O +test O +and O +Animex O +apparatus O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +different O +anaesthetic O +agents O +in O +hearing O +loss O +following O +spinal O +anaesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cause O +of O +hearing O +loss O +after O +spinal O +anaesthesia O +is O +unknown O +. O + +aps B-category +Up O +until O +now O +, O +the O +only O +factor O +studied O +has O +been O +the O +effect O +of O +the O +diameter O +of O +the O +spinal O +needle O +on O +post O +- O +operative O +sensorineural O +hearing O +loss O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aim O +of O +this O +study O +was O +to O +describe O +this O +hearing O +loss O +and O +to O +investigate O +other O +factors O +influencing O +the O +degree O +of O +hearing O +loss O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +groups O +of O +22 O +similar O +patients O +were O +studied O +: O +one O +group O +received O +6 O +mL O +prilocaine B-Chemical +2 O +% O +; O +and O +the O +other O +received O +3 O +mL O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +0 O +. O +5 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +given O +prilocaine B-Chemical +were O +more O +likely O +to O +develop O +hearing O +loss O +( O +10 O +out O +of O +22 O +) O +than O +those O +given O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +( O +4 O +out O +of O +22 O +) O +( O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +average O +hearing O +loss O +for O +speech O +frequencies O +was O +about O +10 O +dB O +after O +prilocaine B-Chemical +and O +15 O +dB O +after O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +None O +of O +the O +patients O +complained O +of O +subjective O +hearing O +loss O +. O + +aps B-category +Long O +- O +term O +follow O +- O +up O +of O +the O +patients O +was O +not O +possible O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +transient O +neurological O +deficit O +following O +intrathecal O +injection O +of O +1 O +% O +hyperbaric O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +for O +unilateral O +spinal O +anaesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +a O +case O +of O +transient O +neurological O +deficit O +that O +occurred O +after O +unilateral O +spinal O +anaesthesia O +with O +8 O +mg O +of O +1 O +% O +hyperbaric O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +slowly O +injected O +through O +a O +25 O +- O +gauge O +pencil O +- O +point O +spinal O +needle O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +surgery O +and O +anaesthesia O +were O +uneventful O +, O +but O +3 O +days O +after O +surgery O +, O +the O +patient O +reported O +an O +area O +of O +hypoaesthesia O +over O +L3 O +- O +L4 O +dermatomes O +of O +the O +leg O +which O +had O +been O +operated O +on O +( O +loss O +of O +pinprick O +sensation O +) O +without O +reduction O +in O +muscular O +strength O +. O + +aps B-category +Sensation O +in O +this O +area O +returned O +to O +normal O +over O +the O +following O +2 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +Prospective O +multicentre O +studies O +with O +a O +large O +population O +and O +a O +long O +follow O +- O +up O +should O +be O +performed O +in O +order O +to O +evaluate O +the O +incidence O +of O +this O +unusual O +side O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +we O +suggest O +that O +a O +low O +solution O +concentration O +should O +be O +preferred O +for O +unilateral O +spinal O +anaesthesia O +with O +a O +hyperbaric O +anaesthetic O +solution O +( O +if O +pencil O +- O +point O +needle O +and O +slow O +injection O +rate O +are O +employed O +) O +, O +in O +order O +to O +minimize O +the O +risk O +of O +a O +localized O +high O +peak O +anaesthetic O +concentration O +, O +which O +might O +lead O +to O +a O +transient O +neurological O +deficit O +. O + +aps B-category +Transient O +neurologic O +symptoms O +after O +spinal O +anesthesia O +: O +a O +lower O +incidence O +with O +prilocaine B-Chemical +and O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +than O +with O +lidocaine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +BACKGROUND O +: O +Recent O +evidence O +suggests O +that O +transient O +neurologic O +symptoms O +( O +TNSs O +) O +frequently O +follow O +lidocaine B-Chemical +spinal O +anesthesia O +but O +are O +infrequent O +with O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +identification O +of O +a O +short O +- O +acting O +local O +anesthetic O +to O +substitute O +for O +lidocaine B-Chemical +for O +brief O +surgical O +procedures O +remains O +an O +important O +goal O +. O + +aps B-category +Prilocaine B-Chemical +is O +an O +amide O +local O +anesthetic O +with O +a O +duration O +of O +action O +similar O +to O +that O +of O +lidocaine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Accordingly O +, O +the O +present O +, O +prospective O +double O +- O +blind O +study O +compares O +prilocaine B-Chemical +with O +lidocaine B-Chemical +and O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +with O +respect O +to O +duration O +of O +action O +and O +relative O +risk O +of O +TNSs O +. O + +aps B-category +METHODS O +: O +Ninety O +patients O +classified O +as O +American O +Society O +of O +Anesthesiologists O +physical O +status O +I O +or O +II O +who O +were O +scheduled O +for O +short O +gynecologic O +procedures O +under O +spinal O +anesthesia O +were O +randomly O +allocated O +to O +receive O +2 O +. O +5 O +ml O +2 O +% O +lidocaine B-Chemical +in O +7 O +. O +5 O +% O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +2 O +% O +prilocaine B-Chemical +in O +7 O +. O +5 O +% O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +or O +0 O +. O +5 O +% O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +in O +7 O +. O +5 O +% O +glucose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +All O +solutions O +were O +provided O +in O +blinded O +vials O +by O +the O +hospital O +pharmacy O +. O + +aps B-category +Details O +of O +spinal O +puncture O +, O +extension O +and O +regression O +of O +spinal O +block O +, O +and O +the O +times O +to O +reach O +discharge O +criteria O +were O +noted O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +evening O +of O +postoperative O +day O +1 O +, O +patients O +were O +evaluated O +for O +TNSs O +by O +a O +physician O +unaware O +of O +the O +drug O +administered O +and O +the O +details O +of O +the O +anesthetic O +procedure O +. O + +aps B-category +RESULTS O +: O +Nine O +of O +30 O +patients O +receiving O +lidocaine B-Chemical +experienced O +TNSs O +, O +1 O +of O +30 O +patients O +receiving O +prilocaine B-Chemical +( O +P O += O +0 O +. O +03 O +) O +had O +them O +, O +and O +none O +of O +30 O +patients O +receiving O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +had O +TNSs O +. O + +aps B-category +Times O +to O +ambulate O +and O +to O +void O +were O +similar O +after O +lidocaine B-Chemical +and O +prilocaine B-Chemical +( O +150 O +vs O +. O +165 O +min O +and O +238 O +vs O +. O +253 O +min O +, O +respectively O +) O +but O +prolonged O +after O +bupivacaine B-Chemical +( O +200 O +and O +299 O +min O +, O +respectively O +; O +P O +< O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +CONCLUSIONS O +: O +Prilocaine B-Chemical +may O +be O +preferable O +to O +lidocaine B-Chemical +for O +short O +surgical O +procedures O +because O +it O +has O +a O +similar O +duration O +of O +action O +but O +a O +lower O +incidence O +of O +TNSs O +. O + +aps B-category +Suxamethonium B-Chemical +- O +induced O +cardiac O +arrest O +and O +death O +following O +5 O +days O +of O +immobilization O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Myocardial O +concentrations O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +also O +increased O +significantly O +( O +12 O +. O +0 O +vs O +. O +5 O +. O +0 O +mg O +. O +per O +100 O +Gm O +. O +of O +fat O +- O +free O +dry O +weight O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Infusions O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +sufficient O +to O +raise O +serum O +calcium B-Chemical +concentrations O +2 O +mEq O +. O +per O +liter O +failed O +to O +increase O +calcium B-Chemical +influx O +into O +the O +myocardial O +cell O +. 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O + +aps B-category +FK B-Chemical +506 I-Chemical +, O +5 O +mg O +. O + +aps B-category +kg O +- O +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +d O +- O +1 O +given O +for O +4 O +weeks O +, O +elevated O +blood O +pressure O +from O +102 O ++ O +/ O +- O +13 O +to O +152 O ++ O +/ O +- O +15 O +mm O +Hg O +and O +increased O +the O +synthesis O +of O +ET O +- O +1 O +and O +the O +levels O +of O +ET O +- O +1 O +mRNA O +in O +the O +mesenteric O +artery O +( O +240 O +% O +and O +230 O +% O +, O +respectively O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Little O +change O +was O +observed O +in O +the O +expression O +of O +ECE O +- O +1 O +mRNA O +and O +CNP O +mRNA O +. O + +aps B-category +FK B-Chemical +506 I-Chemical +decreased O +eNOS O +activity O +and O +the O +levels O +of O +eNOS O +mRNA O +in O +the O +aorta O +( O +48 O +% O +and O +55 O +% O +, O +respectively O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +administration O +of O +FR B-Chemical +139317 I-Chemical +( O +10 O +mg O +. O +kg O +- O +1 O +. O +d O +- O +1 O +) O +prevented O +FK B-Chemical +506 I-Chemical +- O +induced O +hypertension O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +indicate O +that O +FK B-Chemical +506 I-Chemical +may O +increase O +blood O +pressure O +not O +only O +by O +increasing O +ET O +- O +1 O +production O +but O +also O +by O +decreasing O +NO B-Chemical +synthesis O +in O +the O +vasculature O +. O + diff --git a/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/turn.py b/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/turn.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..302cdbf --- /dev/null +++ b/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/turn.py @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +import os +import json +import tqdm + +with open('labels.txt') as f: + tag_to_id={} + i=0 + for l in f: + if "B-category" in l: + continue + tag_to_id[l.strip()] = i + i += 1 + +with open('tag_to_id.json', 'w') as f: + json.dump(tag_to_id, f) + + +for filename in ['dev.txt', 'test.txt', 'train.txt', 'weak.txt']: + data = [] + with open(filename, 'r') as f: + words = [] + tags = [] + for l in tqdm.tqdm(f): + l = l.strip() + if len(words)>0 and l == '': + data.append({ + "str_words": words, + "tags": tags, + }) + words = [] + tags = [] + continue + w,t = l.split('\t') + if "B-category" in t: + continue + words.append(w) + assert t in tag_to_id + tags.append(tag_to_id[t]) + if len(words)>0 and l == '': + data.append({ + "str_words": words, + "tags": tags, + }) + + with open(filename.replace('.txt', '.json'), 'w') as f: + json.dump(data, f) + # break + + + diff --git a/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/weak.json b/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/weak.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..645a48c --- /dev/null +++ b/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/weak.json @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +[{"str_words": ["Effect", "of", "chloroquine", "on", "cultured", "fibroblasts", ":", "release", "of", "lysosomal", "hydrolases", "and", "inhibition", "of", "their", "uptake", "."], "tags": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]}, {"str_words": ["Effects", "of", "morphine", "."], "tags": [0, 0, 1, 0]}, {"str_words": ["Radiochemical", "assay", "of", "glutathione", "S", "-", "epoxide", "transferase", "and", "its", "enhancement", "by", "phenobarbital", "in", "rat", "liver", "in", "vivo", "."], "tags": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]}, {"str_words": ["Action", "of", "propranolol", "on", "mitochondrial", "functions", "-", "-", "effects", "on", "energized", "ion", "fluxes", "in", "the", "presence", "of", 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O + +aps B-category +The O +35Cl O +line O +broadening O +produced O +by O +renal O +dipeptidase O +in O +0 O +. O +5 O +M O +NaCl B-Chemical +solutions O +was O +100 O +times O +more O +effective O +than O +that O +produced O +by O +equivalent O +concentrations O +of O +aquozinc O +( O +II O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +of O +renal O +dipeptidase O +with O +saturating O +concentrations O +of O +the O +competitive O +inhibitor O +, O +guanosine B-Chemical +triphosphate O +, O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +0 O +. O +5 O +M O +NaCl B-Chemical +also O +produced O +a O +significant O +decrease O +in O +the O +35Cl O +line O +width O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +circular O +polarization O +of O +luminescence O +( O +CPL O +) O +emitted O +by O +tryptophan B-Chemical +residues O +was O +used O +as O +a O +sensitive O +probe O +for O +measuring O +ligand O +- O +induced O +structural O +changes O +in O +a O +homogeneous O +type O +III O +pneumococcal O +antibody O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hydrolytic O +action O +of O +the O +basic O +enzyme O +was O +found O +to O +consist O +of O +two O +sequential O +events O +: O +( O +a O +) O +hydrolysis O +of O +70 O +% O +of O +the O +total O +cell O +ph O +osphatidylcholine O +without O +any O +evident O +hemolysis O +; O +and O +( O +b O +) O +complete O +hydrolysis O +of O +the O +remaining O +phosphatidylcholine O +, O +followed O +closely O +by O +extensive O +phosphatidylethanolamine O +hydrolysis O +and O +finally O +with O +onset O +of O +hemolysis O +, O +attack O +on O +the O +phosphatidylserine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Subunit O +interactions O +in O +yeast O +glyceraldehyde B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +Perturbances O +of O +the O +protein O +structure O +( O +by O +pH O +, O +ionic O +strength O +, O +and O +specific O +salts O +) O +, O +which O +have O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +tetrameric O +state O +of O +the O +molecule O +, O +result O +in O +an O +alteration O +of O +the O +cooperativity O +of O +NAD O ++ O +binding O +, O +the O +reactivity O +of O +the O +active O +- O +site O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +group O +, O +and O +the O +catalytic O +activity O +of O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reversible O +reduction O +of O +horse O +metmyoglobin O +by O +the O +iron B-Chemical +( O +II O +) O +complex O +of O +trans O +- O +1 O +, O +2 O +- O +diaminocyclohexane O +- O +N O +, O +N O +, O +N O +, O +n O +- O +tetraacetate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +nitric B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +complex O +of O +metmyoglobin O +is O +reduced O +with O +a O +rate O +constant O +of O +10 O +M O +- O +1 O +sec O +- O +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +binding O +to O +axonal O +membranes O +og O +of O +the O +sodium B-Chemical +channel O +, O +has O +been O +studied O +in O +detail O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +reasonable O +estimate O +indicates O +that O +approximately O +only O +one O +peptide O +chain O +in O +1000 O +constitutes O +the O +tetrodotoxin O +binding O +part O +of O +the O +sodium B-Chemical +channel O +in O +the O +axonal O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +tetrodotoxin O +can O +repolarize O +the O +excitable O +membrane O +of O +a O +giant O +axon O +depolarized O +by O +veratridine B-Chemical +, O +veratridine B-Chemical +does O +not O +affect O +the O +binding O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +tetrodotoxin O +to O +purified O +axonal O +membranes O +. O + +aps B-category +Scorpion O +neurotoxin O +I O +, O +a O +presynaptic O +toxin O +which O +affects O +both O +the O +Na O ++ O +and O +the O +K O ++ O +channels O +, O +does O +not O +interfere O +with O +the O +binding O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +tetrodotoxin O +or O +[ O +3H O +] O +veratridine B-Chemical +to O +axonal O +membranes O +. O + +aps B-category +Regulation O +of O +nitrogen B-Chemical +fixation O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +mutants O +( O +strains O +SK O +- O +24 O +, O +28 O +and O +29 O +) O +, O +requiring O +glutamate B-Chemical +for O +growth O +, O +synthesize O +nitrogenase O +and O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +constitutively O +( O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +NH4 O ++ O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +third O +class O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +requiring I-Chemical +, O +nitrogenase O +- O +derepressed O +mutants O +( O +strain O +SK O +- O +25 O +and O +26 O +) O +synthesizes O +neither O +a O +catalytically O +active O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +enzyme O +nor O +an O +immunologically O +cross O +- O +reactive O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +the O +mutant O +strains O +SK O +- O +27 O +and O +SK O +- O +37 O +produce O +inactive O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +protein O +, O +it O +is O +concluded O +that O +these O +mutations O +map O +within O +the O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +structural O +gene O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +superoxide B-Chemical +anion O +radical O +( O +O2 O +- O +) O +reacts O +with O +ferricytochrome O +c O +to O +form O +ferrocytochrome O +c O +. O +No O +intermediate O +complexes O +are O +observable O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +level O +of O +this O +phase O +is O +high O +in O +the O +case O +of O +inhibition O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +evolution O +at O +the O +donor O +side O +of O +Photosystem O +II O +. O + +aps B-category +Crude O +extracts O +and O +partially O +purified O +enzyme O +preparations O +from O +potato O +tubers O +catalyse O +, O +at O +pH O +5 O +- O +7 O +, O +the O +conversion O +of O +linoleic O +acid O +hydroperoxides O +to O +a O +range O +of O +oxygenated O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +derivatives O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +system O +is O +compared O +with O +the O +9 O +- O +hydroperoxide O +- O +specific O +enzymic O +formation O +of O +divinyl O +ether B-Chemical +derivatives O +by O +potato O +extracts O +. O + +aps B-category +Partial O +purification O +and O +properties O +of O +a O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +aldehyde B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +of O +rat O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +7 O +- O +12 O +- O +Fold O +higher O +levels O +were O +seen O +in O +the O +cytoplasmic O +activities O +after O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +treatment O +in O +reactor O +compared O +to O +non O +- O +reactor O +animals O +with O +high O +concentrations O +of O +acetaldehyde B-Chemical +( O +18 O +mM O +) O +and O +propionaldehyde O +( O +9 O +mM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reactor O +group O +also O +had O +slightly O +higher O +activity O +in O +the O +mitochondrial O +fraction O +with O +the O +high O +acetaldehyde B-Chemical +and O +propionaldehyde O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Km O +- O +values O +for O +propionaldehyde O +and O +acetaldehyde B-Chemical +were O +in O +the O +millimolar O +range O +. O + +aps B-category +Estrone O +, O +deoxycorticosterone B-Chemical +, O +progesterone B-Chemical +and O +diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical +also O +affected O +the O +enzyme O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hydrolysis O +of O +p O +- O +nitrophenyl O +phosphate B-Chemical +by O +wheat O +germ O +acid O +phosphatase O +( O +orthophosphoric O +monoester O +phosphohydrolase O +, O +EC O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +3 O +. O +2 O +) O +has O +been O +investigated O +in O +mixtures O +of O +aqueous O +buffers O +with O +acetone O +, O +dioxane O +and O +acetonitrile O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +50 O +% O +( O +v O +/ O +v O +) O +acetone O +both O +V O +and O +Km O +of O +the O +immobilized O +enzyme O +were O +about O +half O +of O +the O +values O +in O +the O +neat O +aqueous O +buffer O +, O +but O +the O +Ki O +for O +inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +was O +unchanged O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relatively O +high O +rates O +of O +p O +- O +nitrophenol O +liberation O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +even O +at O +high O +organic O +solvent O +concentrations O +suggest O +that O +transphosphorylation O +is O +facilitated O +at O +low O +water O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stimulated I-Chemical +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphatase O +in O +the O +microsomal O +fraction O +of O +tooth O +germ O +from O +porcine O +fetus O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +nucleotide B-Chemical +triphosphates O +may O +serve O +as O +the O +substrate O +, O +but O +V O +for O +ATP O +is O +the O +highest O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +resulting O +complex O +, O +Sepharose O +- O +Myosin O +, O +possesses O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphatase O +activity O +and O +is O +relatively O +stable O +for O +long O +periods O +of O +time O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Sepharose O +- O +Myosin O +ATPase O +is O +not O +as O +sensitive O +as O +myosin O +to O +alterations O +in O +salt B-Chemical +concentration O +and O +the O +apparent O +KM O +is O +approximately O +two O +- O +fold O +higher O +than O +that O +of O +myosin O +. O + +aps B-category +Based O +on O +incorporation O +of O +radioactively O +labeled O +N O +- O +ethylmaleimide O +, O +the O +readily O +reactive O +thiol B-Chemical +groups O +of O +isolated O +myosin O +( O +EC O +3 O +. O +6 O +. O +1 O +. O +3 O +) O +from O +fast O +, O +slow O +and O +cardiac O +muscles O +could O +be O +classified O +into O +3 O +types O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +thiol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +and O +thiol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +groups O +which O +are O +essential O +for O +functioning O +of O +the O +K O ++ O +- O +stimulated O +ATPase O +, O +are O +located O +in O +the O +heavy O +chains O +in O +all O +3 O +myosin O +types O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +the O +chemically O +determined O +molecular O +weights O +for O +myosin O +light O +chains O +, O +their O +stoichiometry O +was O +found O +on O +the O +basis O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +electrophoresis O +to O +be O +1 O +. O +2 O +: O +2 O +. O +1 O +: O +0 O +. O +8 O +for O +light O +chain O +- O +1 O +: O +light O +chain O +- O +2 O +: O +light O +chain O +- O +3 O +per O +molecule O +of O +fast O +myosin O +, O +2 O +. O +0 O +: O +1 O +. O +9 O +for O +light O +chain O +- O +1 O +: O +light O +chain O +- O +2 O +per O +molecule O +of O +slow O +myosin O +and O +1 O +. O +9 O +: O +1 O +. O +9 O +for O +light O +chain O +- O +1 O +: O +light O +chain O +- O +2 O +per O +molecule O +of O +cardiac O +myosin O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +of O +the O +kinetics O +and O +stability O +of O +the O +enzyme O +as O +a O +function O +of O +pH O +and O +salt B-Chemical +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +principal O +effect O +of O +low O +pH O +on O +the O +kinetics O +of O +the O +enzyme O +- O +catalyzed O +reaction O +is O +the O +observation O +of O +a O +pH O +- O +dependent O +substrate O +inhibition O +by O +oxidized O +glutathione B-Chemical +at O +pH O +less O +than O +or O +equal O +7 O +, O +which O +is O +shown O +to O +correlate O +with O +the O +binding O +of O +oxidized O +glutathione B-Chemical +to O +the O +oxidized O +form O +of O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stability O +of O +the O +oxidized O +and O +reduced O +forms O +of O +the O +enzyme O +at O +pH O +5 O +. O +5 O +and O +25 O +degrees O +C O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +bovine O +serum O +albumin O +was O +studied O +as O +a O +function O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +acetate O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +inhibition O +of O +the O +catalytic O +activity O +of O +the O +enzyme O +at O +high O +sodium B-Chemical +acetate O +concentration O +correlates O +with O +an O +effect O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +acetate O +on O +the O +oxidized O +form O +of O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Substrate O +binding O +to O +phosphorylase O +b O +was O +poor O +( O +KM O +glycogen O += O +2 O +. O +5 O +mM O +, O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +P I-Chemical += O +250 O +mM O +) O +compared O +to O +phosphorylase O +a O +( O +KM O +glycogen O += O +1 O +. O +8 O +mM O +, O +KM O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +P I-Chemical += O +0 O +. O +7 O +mM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +employing O +sucrose B-Chemical +density O +gradient O +centrifugation O +indicate O +that O +kinase O +I O +has O +a O +molecular O +weight O +of O +about O +9 O +. O +5 O +- O +10 O +( O +5 O +) O +( O +25 O +S O +) O +and O +kinase O +II O +about O +1 O +. O +4 O +- O +10 O +( O +6 O +) O +( O +32 O +S O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incorporation O +of O +the O +terminal O +phosphate B-Chemical +of O +GTP O +into O +casein O +as O +catalyzed O +by O +these O +enzymes O +is O +inhibited O +to O +varying O +degrees O +by O +ATP O +, O +ITP O +, O +ADP O +, O +and O +GDP O +but O +not O +by O +UTP O +, O +CTP O +, O +GMP O +, O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +- O +cyclic O +monophosphate O +, O +and O +guanosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +- O +cyclic O +monophosphate O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +purification O +procedure O +for O +creatine B-Chemical +kinase O +( O +EC O +2 O +. O +7 O +. O +3 O +. O +2 O +) O +from O +muscle O +of O +the O +monke35 O +- O +- O +170 O +muequiv O +H O ++ O +/ O +mg O +protein O +per O +min O +at O +30 O +degrees O +C O +and O +a O +yield O +of O +approx O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dead O +- O +end O +complex O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +anion O +does O +not O +protect O +the O +essential O +thiol B-Chemical +group O +against O +inhibition O +by O +iodoacetamide O +. O + +aps B-category +Contrary O +to O +our O +previous O +report O +this O +pH O +independence O +is O +not O +altered O +by O +the O +presence O +of O +dead O +- O +end O +complex O +, O +creatine B-Chemical +plus O +MgADP O +, O +in O +the O +presence O +or O +absence O +of O +anion O +or O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +substrate O +equilibrium O +mixture O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +findings O +are O +compatible O +with O +the O +essential O +thiol B-Chemical +group O +playing O +a O +conformational O +role O +in O +the O +catalytic O +process O +. O + +aps B-category +Column O +chromatography O +on O +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +resulted O +in O +a O +single O +peak O +of O +esterase O +activity O +between O +0 O +. O +20 O +to O +0 O +. O +25 O +M O +NaCl B-Chemical +/ O +sodium B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +cells O +incubated O +in O +a O +nutrient O +medium O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +for O +3 O +- O +8 O +h O +contained O +no O +measurable O +kallikrein O +activity O +, O +whereas O +the O +surrounding O +medium O +had O +kallikrein O +activity O +which O +could O +be O +significantly O +increased O +by O +aldosterone B-Chemical +and O +decreased O +by O +spironolactone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +latter O +type O +of O +system O +is O +exemplified O +by O +studies O +on O +methaemoglobin O +A O +in O +0 O +. O +25 O +M O +sodium B-Chemical +acetate O +, O +pH O +5 O +. O +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +Correlation O +of O +sedimentation O +velocity O +and O +equilibrium O +results O +shows O +that O +addition O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +triphosphate O +( O +ATP O +) O +results O +in O +its O +binding O +to O +one O +site O +on O +each O +of O +the O +dimeric O +( O +alpha O +beta O +) O +and O +tetrameric O +( O +alpha O +beta O +) O +2 O +species O +with O +intrinsic O +binding O +constants O +1 O +. O +03 O +- O +10 O +( O +3 O +) O +- O +1 O +. O +20 O +- O +10 O +( O +3 O +) O +and O +1 O +. O +1 O +- O +10 O +( O +4 O +) O +- O +2 O +. O +1 O +- O +10 O +( O +4 O +) O +1 O +/ O +mol O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +specific O +blocking O +reagents O +prior O +to O +spin O +labeling O +, O +the O +two O +binding O +sites O +were O +attributed O +to O +the O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +group O +of O +beta O +- O +93 O +( O +immobile O +) O +and O +the O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +group O +of O +the O +N O +- O +terminal O +valines O +( O +mobile O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Holo B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +superoxide I-Chemical +dismutase O +from O +bovine O +erythrocytes O +has O +been O +shown O +to O +undergo O +a O +reversible O +structural O +modification O +in O +the O +pH O +3 O +- O +5 O +range O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +subunit O +composition O +of O +the O +erythrocruorin O +was O +investigated O +using O +gel O +filtration O +in O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +and O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +in O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +at O +neutral O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +erythrocruorin O +was O +reduced O +with O +mercaptoethanol O +prior O +to O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +electrophoresis O +, O +three O +subunits O +were O +observed O +, O +possessing O +molecular O +weights O +of O +about O +13000 O +( O +I O +) O +, O +16500 O +( O +II O +) O +and O +28000 O +( O +III O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Pure O +myosin O +was O +selectively O +precipitated O +from O +the O +supernatant O +by O +polyethylene B-Chemical +glycol I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6000 I-Chemical +, O +but O +only O +when O +the O +protein O +was O +soluble O +at O +low O +ionic O +strength O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +of O +haemoglobin O +Tak O +, O +a O +variant O +with O +an O +elongated O +beta O +chain O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +oxygen B-Chemical +equilibrium O +curve O +of O +the O +whole O +blood O +haemolysate O +containing O +Hbs O +A O +and O +Tak O +was O +close O +to O +that O +of O +Hb O +A O +at O +the O +top O +of O +the O +curve O +, O +while O +the O +bottom O +of O +the O +curve O +greatly O +deviated O +from O +the O +latter O +, O +indicative O +of O +small O +if O +any O +interaction O +between O +Hb O +A O +and O +Tak O +during O +oxygenation O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +poly O +( O +A O +) O +the O +product O +is O +all O +nucleoside B-Chemical +while O +with O +poly O +( O +U O +) O +as O +substrate O +most O +of O +the O +product O +is O +nucleoside B-Chemical +, O +but O +also O +some O +oligonucleotides O +are O +produced O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +trinucleotide O +diphosphate O +is O +rapidly O +hydrolyzed O +to O +nucleoside B-Chemical +while O +the O +trinucleotide O +itself O +is O +slowly O +digested O +and O +yields O +intermediate O +products O +, O +including O +nucleoside B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +preparation O +was O +reactivated O +10 O +to O +50 O +- O +fold O +by O +sonicated O +liposomes O +of O +phosphatidylserine B-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +by O +non O +- O +sonicated O +phosphatidylserine B-Chemical +liposomes O +or O +sonicated O +phosphatidylcholine O +liposomes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ouabain B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +insensitive I-Chemical +Mg2 O ++ O +- O +ATPase O +normally O +showed O +a O +linear O +Arrhenius O +plot O +with O +an O +Ea O +of O +8 O +kcal O +/ O +mol O +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetic O +studies O +showed O +that O +cholesterol B-Chemical +had O +no O +significant O +effect O +on O +the O +Km O +values O +for O +ATP O +. O + +aps B-category +Conformational O +and O +molecular O +responses O +to O +pH O +variation O +of O +the O +purified O +membrane O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphatase O +of O +Micrococcus O +lysodeikticus O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +unfolding O +was O +irreversible O +and O +the O +protein O +was O +soon O +converted O +into O +peptide O +species O +with O +molecular O +weights O +lower O +than O +those O +determined O +for O +the O +subunits O +by O +gel O +electrophoresis O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulphate O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +assumed O +that O +these O +two O +tyrosine B-Chemical +residues O +are O +in O +binding O +region O +and O +quench O +the O +fluorescence O +of O +DMH O +between O +pH O +4 O +to O +8 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +helix O +to O +coil O +transition O +of O +poly O +( O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +) O +was O +investigated O +in O +0 O +. O +05 O +and O +0 O +. O +005 O +M O +aqueous O +potassium B-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +solutions O +by O +use O +of O +potentiometric O +titration O +and O +circular O +dichroism O +measurement O +. O + +aps B-category +Experiments O +were O +conducted O +on O +cats O +under O +nembutal O +anesthesia O +; O +a O +study O +was O +made O +of O +pulse O +activity O +of O +bulbar O +respiratory O +neurons O +, O +electrical O +activity O +of O +the O +diaphragm O +and O +of O +the O +intercostal O +muscles O +; O +pO2 O +, O +pCO2 O +, O +pH O +, O +arterial O +blood O +oxygen B-Chemical +saturation O +were O +determined O +in O +combined O +action O +of O +hypoxia O +and O +hypercapnia O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Level O +of O +nicotinamide O +coenzymes O +in O +the O +myocardium O +of O +rats O +during O +the O +effects O +of O +methylxanthines B-Chemical +( O +theophylline B-Chemical +, O +theobromine O +, O +caffeine B-Chemical +) O +and O +catecholamines B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +tendency O +to O +decrease O +NAD O ++ O +NADP O +and O +the O +total O +pyridine O +nucleotide B-Chemical +level O +was O +seen O +after O +caffeine B-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +shown O +that O +isadrine O +decreased O +the O +NAD O ++ O +NADP O +level O +; O +adrenaline B-Chemical +( O +25 O +mkg O +/ O +kg O +) O +increased O +the O +content O +of O +both O +the O +oxidized O +( O +by O +24 O +% O +) O +and O +of O +the O +reduced O +( O +by O +48 O +% O +) O +forms O +of O +pyridine O +nucleotides O +. O + +aps B-category +Low O +, O +but O +acceptable O +concentrations O +of O +chloride B-Chemical +, O +copper B-Chemical +, O +fluoride B-Chemical +, O +sodium B-Chemical +, O +cadmium O +, O +nitrate B-Chemical +and O +phosphate B-Chemical +were O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mandatory O +limit O +for O +manganese O +was O +exceeded O +in O +37 O +% O +of O +the O +waters O +while O +88 O +% O +exceeded O +the O +limit O +for O +iron B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Statistical O +evidence O +suggested O +that O +septic O +tank O +seepage O +was O +partially O +responsible O +for O +nitrate B-Chemical +, O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +iron B-Chemical +and O +arsenic O +contamination O +of O +shallow O +water O +supplies O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +The O +mechanism O +of O +" O +adrenaline B-Chemical +reversal O +" O +in O +the O +anaesthetized O +cat O +and O +rabbit O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +Do O +anti O +- O +psychotic O +drugs O +act O +by O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptor O +blockade O +in O +the O +nucleus O +accumbens O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +new O +haemoglobin O +with O +increased O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +, O +beta82 O +( O +EF6 O +) O +lysine O +leads O +to O +threonine O +( O +Hb O +Rahere O +) O +, O +was O +found O +during O +the O +investigation O +of O +a O +patient O +who O +was O +found O +to O +have O +a O +raised O +haemoglobin O +concentration O +after O +a O +routine O +blood O +count O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +variant O +had O +the O +same O +mobility O +as O +haemoglobin O +A O +on O +electrophoresis O +at O +alkaline O +pH O +but O +was O +detected O +by O +measuring O +the O +whole O +blood O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +; O +it O +could O +be O +separated O +from O +haemoglobin O +A O +, O +however O +, O +by O +electrophoresis O +in O +agar O +at O +acid O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibitory O +postsynaptic O +actions O +of O +taurine O +, O +GABA B-Chemical +and O +other O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +on O +motoneurons O +of O +the O +isolated O +frog O +spinal O +cord O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +tested O +produced O +a O +reduction O +in O +the O +amplitude O +of O +postsynaptic O +potentials O +, O +a O +blockade O +of O +the O +antidromic O +action O +potential O +and O +an O +increase O +of O +membrane O +conductance O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +relative O +strength O +of O +different O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +was O +compared O +, O +taurine O +had O +the O +strongest O +inhibitory O +potency O +, O +followed O +by O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +, O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +, O +GABA B-Chemical +and O +glycine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Interactions O +with O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +showed O +that O +picrotoxin B-Chemical +seletively O +diminished O +the O +postsymaptic O +actions O +of O +GABA B-Chemical +, O +while O +strychnine B-Chemical +reduced O +the O +effects O +of O +taurine O +, O +glycine B-Chemical +, O +alpha O +- O +and O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +With O +regard O +to O +these O +results O +the O +importance O +of O +taurine O +and O +GABA B-Chemical +as O +transmitters O +of O +postsynaptic O +inhibition O +on O +motoneurons O +in O +the O +spinal O +cord O +of O +the O +frog O +is O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +3 O +) O +Control O +experiments O +indicated O +extensive O +decreases O +in O +the O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +content O +of O +the O +vesicles O +from O +the O +stimulated O +electric O +organ O +and O +smaller O +decreases O +in O +the O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +content O +of O +the O +synaptic O +vesicles O +from O +stimulated O +crude O +synaptosomal O +fractions O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +4 O +) O +Crude O +synaptosomal O +fractions O +from O +guinea O +- O +pig O +cerebral O +cortex O +were O +incubated O +in O +a O +Krebs B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +medium O +with O +labelled O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +and O +[ O +3H O +] O +glucose B-Chemical +in O +the O +presence O +or O +absence O +of O +50 O +mM O +KCl O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +was O +found O +after O +two O +incubation O +times O +and O +using O +[ O +14C O +] O +oleate O +, O +[ O +14C O +] O +arachidonate O +, O +[ O +3H O +] O +palmitate O +and O +[ O +3H O +] O +glucose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Cardiac O +output O +response O +to O +altered O +acid O +- O +base O +status O +during O +diethyl O +ether B-Chemical +anaesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +prevention O +of O +autolysis O +of O +stored O +cornea O +using O +steroid B-Chemical +as O +a O +lysosome O +membrane O +stabilizer O +. O + +aps B-category +Different O +groups O +of O +rabbit O +corneas O +were O +placed O +in O +saline O +as O +controls O +or O +in O +varying O +concentrations O +of O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +( O +10 O +( O +- O +10 O +) O +M O +to O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +4 O +) O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +and O +4 O +degrees O +C O +. O +Acid O +phosphatase O +released O +after O +six O +hours O +was O +measured O +biochemically O +. O + +aps B-category +Soil O +fungistasis O +: O +elevation O +of O +the O +exogenous O +carbon B-Chemical +and O +nitrogen B-Chemical +requirements O +for O +spore O +germination O +by O +fungistatic O +volatiles O +in O +soils O +. O + +aps B-category +Fusarium O +solani O +macroconidial O +germination O +was O +inhibited O +mostly O +by O +volatiles O +from O +soils O +of O +pH O +5 O +. O +1 O +, O +6 O +. O +1 O +, O +7 O +. O +0 O +, O +and O +7 O +. O +5 O +, O +but O +high O +levels O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +NH4Cl O +reversed O +this O +inhibition O +, O +raising O +germination O +to O +that O +of O +no O +- O +soil O +, O +no B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carbon I-Chemical +or O +nitrogen B-Chemical +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +nullification O +by O +carbon B-Chemical +and O +nitrogen B-Chemical +substrates O +of O +F O +. O +solani O +and O +A O +. O +flavus O +inhibition O +caused O +by O +soil O +volatiles O +parallels O +that O +for O +soil O +fungistasis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mixture O +of O +polysaccharides O +in O +the O +gelling O +component O +of O +agar O +( O +agarose O +) O +is O +hydrolyzed O +to O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +galactose I-Chemical +and O +3 O +, O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +anhydro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +galactose I-Chemical +by O +a O +series O +of O +hydrolytic O +enzymes O +obtained O +from O +Pseudomonas O +atlantica O +. O + +aps B-category +Pseudomonas O +atlantica O +when O +grown O +on O +agar O +produces O +two O +specific O +enzymes O +, O +p O +- O +nitrophenyl O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +galactose I-Chemical +hydrolase O +and O +neoagarobiose O +hydrolase O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +intracellular O +invertase O +was O +induced O +in O +cultures O +of O +Clostridium O +pasteurianum O +utilizing O +sucrose B-Chemical +as O +its O +carbon B-Chemical +source O +for O +growth O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +invertase O +activity O +was O +not O +affected O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +to O +sucrose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +growing I-Chemical +cells O +and O +this O +enzyme O +could O +be O +induced O +in O +a O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +metabolizing I-Chemical +culture O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +sucrose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Invertase O +was O +completely O +inactivated O +by O +a O +2 O +- O +min O +heat O +treatment O +at O +60 O +degrees O +C O +. O +This O +enzyme O +was O +strongly O +inhibited O +by O +p O +- O +hydroxymercuribenzoate O +( O +pCMB O +) O +and O +weakly O +inhibited O +by O +5 O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +dithiobis O +( O +2 O +- O +nitrobenzoic O +acid O +) O +, O +while O +cysteine B-Chemical +could O +substantially O +reverse O +pCMB O +) O +inhibition O +, O +suggesting O +that O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +group O +( O +s O +) O +were O +necessary O +for O +invertase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +and O +potassium B-Chemical +ions O +had O +no O +stimulatory O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +zinc B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +smelter I-Chemical +emissions O +on O +forest O +soil O +microflora O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +1 O +) O +The O +effect O +of O +feeding O +a O +relatively O +low O +- O +protein O +diet O +containing O +0 O +. O +06 O +% O +DAB O +for O +29 O +weeks O +on O +the O +activity O +of O +DAB O +- O +azoreductase O +, O +nitroreductase O +( O +p O +- O +nitrobenzoic O +acid O +) O +, O +N O +- O +oxidase O +( O +N O +, O +N O +- O +dimethylaniline O +) O +, O +N O +- O +demethylase O +( O +DAB O +) O +, O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +, O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +c O +reductase O +, O +beta O +- O +glucuronidase O +and O +arylsulphatase O +A O +were O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +4 O +) O +After O +feeding O +DAB O +for O +4 O +weeks O +the O +effect O +of O +PB O +and O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylcholanthrene I-Chemical +( O +MC O +) O +on O +the O +activities O +of O +DAB O +- O +azoreductase O +, O +CB10 O +- O +252 O +- O +azoreductase O +and O +components O +of O +the O +azoreductases O +- O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +, O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +c O +reductase O +, O +the O +CO O +- O +CB10 O +- O +252 O +- O +azoreductase O +was O +not O +induced O +by O +PB O +or O +MC O +, O +and O +CO O +did O +not O +inhibit O +its O +reduction O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +diaphorase O +preparation O +from O +pig O +heart O +reduced O +both O +CB10 O +- O +252 O +and O +methylred O +with O +both O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +and O +NADH O +- O +generating O +systems O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +1 O +) O +Subcutaneous O +or O +intra O +- O +abdominal O +injections O +of O +8 O +mg O +of O +HgCl2 O +/ O +100 O +g O +body O +weight O +markedly O +depressed O +hepatic O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthetase O +activity O +of O +chicks O +at O +1 O +h O +post O +- O +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +2 O +) O +When O +2 O +- O +mercaptoethanol O +was O +included O +in O +the O +incubation O +medium O +for O +a O +highly O +purified O +preparation O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthetase O +, O +500 O +muM O +HgCl2 O +was O +required O +to O +show O +definite O +inhibition O +of O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +was O +added O +after O +the O +addition O +of O +enzyme O +to O +the O +mercury O +- O +containing O +medium O +, O +protection O +of O +the O +enzyme O +was O +not O +complete O +. O + +aps B-category +Dialysis O +of O +cytosol O +fractions O +from O +noninjected O +chicks O +under O +the O +same O +conditions O +was O +without O +effect O +on O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthetase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +both O +acute O +surgical O +sympathectomy O +( O +cervical O +trunk O +division O +) O +and O +alpha O +- O +receptor O +blockade O +( O +1 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +of O +phenoxybenzamine O +) O +enhanced O +the O +maintenance O +of O +cerebral O +blood O +flow O +in O +the O +face O +of O +hemorrhagic O +hypotension O +in O +that O +cerebral O +blood O +flow O +did O +not O +decrease O +until O +mean O +arterial O +blood O +pressure O +was O +approximately O +35 O +% O +of O +the O +base O +- O +line O +value O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +interaction O +of O +chemoreflex O +and O +pulmonary O +inflation O +reflex O +control O +of O +the O +coronary O +circulation O +was O +examined O +in O +conscious O +dogs O +by O +comparing O +the O +responses O +to O +chemoreflex O +stimulation O +( O +intracarotid O +injection O +of O +nicotine B-Chemical +) O +when O +ventilation O +was O +allowed O +to O +increase O +with O +those O +when O +ventilation O +was O +controlled O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +beta O +- O +receptor O +and O +cholinergic O +blockade O +, O +a O +similar O +coronary O +dilation O +in O +response O +to O +nicotine B-Chemical +occurred O +only O +when O +ventilation O +was O +allowed O +to O +increase O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +nicotine B-Chemical +stimulation O +of O +the O +carotid O +chemoreflex O +results O +in O +a O +striking O +coronary O +dilation O +that O +has O +two O +components O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +reductions O +in O +coronary O +blood O +flow O +resulted O +in O +inhibition O +of O +glycolysis O +, O +a O +greater O +decrease O +in O +tissue O +levels O +of O +high O +- O +energy O +phosphates O +, O +and O +higher O +tissue O +levels O +of O +both O +lactate B-Chemical +and O +H O ++ O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +central O +area O +of O +tissue O +which O +receives O +a O +low O +rate O +of O +coronary O +blood O +flow O +will O +have O +a O +reduced O +rate O +of O +ATP O +production O +due O +to O +both O +a O +lack O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +and O +an O +inhibition O +of O +glycolysis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +major O +factors O +that O +accounted O +for O +the O +glycolytic O +inhibition O +in O +the O +ischemic O +heart O +compared O +with O +the O +anoxic O +heart O +appeared O +to O +be O +higher O +tissue O +levels O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +and O +H O ++ O +in O +the O +ischemic O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +intracellular O +lactate B-Chemical +concentrations O +between O +15 O +and O +20 O +mM O +, O +glycolysis O +was O +inhibited O +under O +both O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +did O +not O +appear O +to O +be O +mediated O +through O +changes O +in O +intracellular O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +heart O +was O +removed O +from O +nine O +mongrel O +puppies O +weighing O +6 O +- O +8 O +kg O +and O +placed O +in O +Krebs O +- O +Ringer O +' O +s O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +solution O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +activity O +of O +89 O +sera O +from O +patients O +suffering O +myocardial O +infarction O +and O +of O +55 O +sera O +from O +patients O +with O +hepatocellular O +damage O +was O +assayed O +under O +optimal O +conditions O +using O +pyruvate B-Chemical +, O +alpha O +- O +oxobutyrate O +, O +hydroxypyruvate O +and O +glyoxylate O +as O +substrates O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activity O +ratio O +of O +hydroxypyruvate O +to O +pyruvate B-Chemical +which O +is O +consistently O +greater O +than O +unity O +was O +found O +to O +be O +inverted O +in O +a O +case O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +poisoning O +. O + +aps B-category +Rapid O +kinetic O +measurement O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +in O +plasma O +with O +a O +centrifugal O +analyzer O +. O + +aps B-category +Lactate B-Chemical +is O +assayed O +by O +mixing O +10 O +mul O +of O +sample O +with O +NAD O ++ O +and O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +in O +tris O +( O +hydroxymethyl O +) O +aminomethane O +hydrazine O +buffer O +. O + +aps B-category +Analytical O +recoveries O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +added O +to O +plasma O +averaged O +104 O +% O +( O +range O +, O +91 O +- O +116 O +% O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +nucleoside B-Chemical +triphosphate O +- O +dependent O +deoxyribonuclease O +from O +Bacillus O +laterosporus O +. O + +aps B-category +Potassium B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +and O +ethylene O +glycol O +stabilize O +the O +purified O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Double O +- O +stranded O +DNA O +is O +not O +degraded O +to O +any O +measurable O +extent O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +ATP O +, O +but O +the O +enzyme O +exhibits O +activity O +toward O +denatured O +DNA O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +nucleoside B-Chemical +triphosphate O +, O +and O +this O +activity O +seems O +to O +be O +an O +intrinsic O +property O +of O +this O +enzyme O +protein O +. 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O +Soybean O +trypsin O +inhibitor O +, O +pepstatin O +, O +leupeptins O +, O +and O +antipain O +were O +not O +inhibitory O +, O +while O +chymostatin O +caused O +slight O +inhibition O +. O + +aps B-category +Affinity O +labeling O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +with O +an O +acetylenic O +substrate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +released O +flavin O +was O +reduced O +by O +potassium B-Chemical +borohydride O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +strongly O +indicate O +that O +the O +inactivation O +reaction O +is O +a O +dynamic O +affinity O +labeling O +with O +D O +- O +propargylglycine O +which O +produces O +irreversible O +inactivation O +of O +the O +enzyme O +by O +a O +covalent O +modification O +of O +an O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residue O +at O +the O +active O +site O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibitor O +was O +subjected O +to O +isoelectric O +focusing O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +51 O +and O +its O +molecular O +weight O +was O +calculated O +to O +be O +14 O +, O +200 O ++ O +/ O +- O +900 O +by O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +. O + +aps B-category +Adenine O +and O +pyridine O +nucleotide B-Chemical +levels O +as O +well O +as O +those O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +phosphocreatine O +, O +lactate B-Chemical +, O +pyruvate B-Chemical +, O +beta O +- O +hydroxybutyrate O +, O +acetoacetate O +, O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +and O +glycogen O +were O +measured O +in O +histologically O +defined O +parietal O +and O +mucous O +cell O +sections O +of O +biopsies O +of O +dog O +gastric O +mucosa O +at O +rest O +, O +and O +in O +various O +secretory O +states O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +there O +was O +a O +marked O +increase O +in O +NADH O +, O +but O +no O +change O +in O +NADPH B-Chemical +with O +onset O +of O +acid O +secretion O +. 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O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +bound O +chromophore O +can O +be O +reduced O +by O +alanine B-Chemical +, O +phenylalanine O +, O +proline O +, O +methionine B-Chemical +, O +and O +valine O +, O +but O +not O +by O +glutamate B-Chemical +or O +aspartate B-Chemical +, O +indicating O +the O +deazaFAD O +enzyme O +retains O +the O +substrate O +specificity O +of O +the O +native O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Reoxidation O +of O +the O +reduced O +enzyme O +occurred O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +plus O +ammonia B-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +with O +pyruvate B-Chemical +alone O +or O +ammonia B-Chemical +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduced O +enzyme O +isolated O +following O +reaction O +with O +[ O +alpha O +- O +3H O +] O +alanine B-Chemical +was O +found O +to O +contain O +0 O +. O +5 O +mol O +of O +tritium O +/ O +mol O +of O +deazaFADH2 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +pyruvate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +and O +phosphoenolpyruvate O +- O +forming O +reactions O +are O +similar O +in O +their O +nucleoside B-Chemical +specificity O +and O +appear O +to O +be O +carried O +out O +by O +the O +same O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +reaction O +is O +also O +stimulated O +by O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +reagents O +such O +as O +2 O +- O +mercaptoethanol O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +observations O +and O +the O +demonstration O +that O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +- O +like O +activity O +is O +very O +low O +or O +absent O +make O +it O +unlikely O +that O +pyruvate B-Chemical +formation O +proceeds O +via O +phosphoenolpyruvate O +as O +an O +intermediate O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +stripped O +of O +anions O +, O +Hb O +Deer O +Lodge O +has O +an O +increased O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +and O +a O +decreased O +degree O +of O +cooperativity O +relative O +to O +Hb O +A O +. 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O + +aps B-category +more O +cytochrome O +c O +) O +were O +obtained O +when O +polymerized O +cytochrome O +c O +, O +or O +cytochrome O +c O +with O +all O +lysine O +residues O +guanidinated O +, O +or O +a O +" O +1 O +- O +65 O +heme O +peptide O +" O +from O +cyanogen O +bromide B-Chemical +cleavage O +of O +cytochrome O +c O +was O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +results O +available O +would O +indicate O +that O +in O +the O +complex O +cytochrome O +c1 O +was O +bound O +at O +the O +entrance O +to O +the O +heme O +crevice O +of O +cytochrome O +c O +on O +the O +methionine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +80 I-Chemical +side O +of O +the O +heme O +crevice O +. 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O + +aps B-category +For O +the O +investigation O +of O +presynaptic O +effects O +, O +the O +arteries O +were O +preincubated O +with O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +noradrenaline I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +phentolamine B-Chemical +shifted O +the O +presynaptic O +dose O +- O +response O +curves O +for O +moradrenaline O +and O +oxymethazoline O +to O +the O +right O +. O + +aps B-category +Methoxamine B-Chemical +and O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +either O +did O +not O +change O +or O +enhanced O +, O +but O +never O +reduced O +, O +the O +response O +. O + +aps B-category +Investigation O +into O +some O +imidazoline B-Chemical +compounds O +, O +with O +respect O +to O +peripheral O +alpha O +- O +adrenoceptor O +stimulation O +and O +depression O +of O +cardiovascular O +centers O +. O + +aps B-category +1 O +/ O +20 O +the O +effect O +of O +that O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +injection O +of O +angiotensin B-Chemical +; O +( O +2 O +) O +in O +dogs O +treated O +with O +atropine B-Chemical +and O +in O +( O +3 O +) O +vagotomized O +cats O +( O +only O +NP O +, O +OM O +and O +St O +363 O +) O +a O +long O +lasting O +decrease O +in O +heart O +rate O +was O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +Gamma O +- O +hydroxybutyric O +acid O +( O +GHBA O +) O +in O +doses O +that O +increased O +the O +striatal O +dopamine B-Chemical +( O +DA O +) O +content O +of O +rat O +brain O +failed O +to O +increase O +the O +affinity O +of O +striatal O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +( O +TH O +) O +for O +its O +pterdine O +cofactor O +or O +to O +change O +the O +sensitivity O +of O +the O +enzyme O +to O +the O +inhibition O +by O +DA O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +when O +GHBA O +was O +injected O +before O +haloperidol B-Chemical +it O +prevented O +the O +decrease O +in O +the O +apparent O +Kn O +of O +TH O +, O +in O +a O +dose O +related O +manner O +. O + +aps B-category +Influence O +of O +peritoneal O +dialysis O +on O +factors O +affecting O +oxygen B-Chemical +transport O +. O + +aps B-category +Significant O +decreases O +in O +serum O +urea B-Chemical +, O +creatinine B-Chemical +and O +phosphate B-Chemical +and O +increase O +in O +serum O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +were O +not O +associated O +with O +changes O +in O +P50 O +, O +a O +reflection O +of O +hemoglobin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxygen I-Chemical +affinity O +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +effects O +of O +ammonium B-Chemical +salts O +on O +renal O +histology O +and O +function O +in O +the O +dog O +. O + +aps B-category +Renal O +artery O +infusion O +of O +NH4 O +acetate O +or O +intravenous O +infusion O +of O +NaHCO3 B-Chemical +during O +arterial O +infusion O +of O +NH4Cl O +prevented O +significant O +acidosis O +and O +caused O +minimal O +histological O +changes O +, O +but O +depression O +of O +urine O +osmolality O +was O +not O +prevented O +. O + +aps B-category +Severe O +tissue O +damage O +followed O +renal O +exposure O +to O +high O +ammonium B-Chemical +concentrations O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +metabolic O +or O +renal O +acidosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Clearance O +experiments O +in O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stone I-Chemical +patients O +( O +n O += O +60 O +) O +and O +controls O +( O +n O += O +60 O +) O +demonstrated O +significantly O +higher O +urinary O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +UA O +) O +in O +younger O +( O +less O +40 O +years O +) O +stone O +patients O +than O +controls O +( O +median O +: O +480 O +vs O +. O +351 O +mug O +/ O +min O +) O +but O +not O +in O +older O +( O +greater O +than O +40 O +years O +) O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Conversely O +urinary O +phosphate B-Chemical +was O +significantly O +lower O +in O +younger O +patients O +than O +matched O +controls O +( O +males O +: O +224 O +vs O +. O +304 O +mug O +) O +and O +presumably O +is O +responsible O +for O +the O +more O +alkaline O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +varying O +dialysate O +calcium B-Chemical +concentrations O +on O +the O +plasma O +calcium B-Chemical +fractions O +in O +patients O +on O +dialysis O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +dialysis O +was O +performed O +with O +a O +bath O +calcium B-Chemical +concentration O +of O +7 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +100 O +ml O +, O +there O +was O +a O +significant O +increase O +in O +the O +plasm O +- O +ionized O +calcium B-Chemical +levels O +in O +the O +post O +- O +dialysis O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +study O +of O +the O +central O +effects O +of O +sympathomimetic O +drugs O +: O +EEG O +and O +behavioural O +investigations O +on O +clonidine B-Chemical +and O +naphazoline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +studies O +on O +the O +ganglionic O +and O +smooth O +muscle O +stimulating O +effect O +of O +potassium B-Chemical +on O +the O +peristaltic O +reflex O +of O +the O +guinea O +- O +pig O +isolated O +ileum O +. O + +aps B-category +Preliminary O +structural O +studies O +indicated O +large O +changes O +in O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +sequence O +dispersed O +over O +a O +considerable O +length O +of O +the O +polypeptide O +chain O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +cortisol B-Chemical +to O +fetal O +rabbits O +resulted O +in O +a O +42 O +% O +inhibition O +of O +pulmonary O +de O +novo O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesis O +from O +acetyl O +coenzyme O +A O +( O +CoA O +) O +( O +P O += O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +025 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +effect O +on O +pulmonary O +microsomal O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +elongation O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +in O +vitro O +activities O +of O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +carboxylase O +and O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthetase O +were O +similar O +in O +rabbit O +lung O +and O +thus O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +carboxylase O +activity O +does O +not O +appear O +to O +be O +rate O +limiting O +for O +de O +novo O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesis O +in O +lung O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +in O +a O +parallel O +study O +on O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesis O +in O +fetal O +liver O +, O +cortisol B-Chemical +administration O +resulted O +in O +a O +30 O +% O +increase O +in O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthetase O +activity O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +025 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +response O +curves O +during O +hypothermia O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Zollinger O +- O +Ellison O +syndrome O +treated O +medically O +by O +an O +inhibitor O +of O +H2 O +histamine B-Chemical +receptors O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Application O +to O +ampicillin B-Chemical +and O +amoxicillin B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Ten O +of O +these O +acid O +episodes O +became O +apparent O +12 O +to O +48 O +hr O +before O +clinical O +symptoms O +and O +before O +elevation O +of O +the O +serum O +creatinine B-Chemical +could O +be O +detected O +. O + +aps B-category +Deuterium O +oxide O +isotope O +effects O +for O +kcat O +/ O +Kapp O +range O +from O +1 O +. O +1 O +for O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +to O +1 O +. O +9 O +for O +p O +- O +nitrophenyl O +acetate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reaction O +is O +rifampicin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +, O +requires O +single O +- O +stranded O +DNA O +, O +Mg O ++ O ++ O +, O +deoxynucleoside O +triphosphates O +, O +and O +ATP O +, O +and O +is O +stimulated O +by O +KCl O +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +of O +ubiquinone O +- O +1 O +to O +E O +. O +coli O +ML O +308 O +- O +225 O +membrane O +vesicles O +dramatically O +increases O +coupling O +between O +NADH O +oxidation O +and O +active O +transport O +such O +that O +initial O +rates O +and O +steady O +- O +state O +levels O +of O +lactose O +and O +amino B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +accumulation O +are O +comparable O +to O +those O +observed O +during O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactate I-Chemical +oxidation O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +NADH O +and O +ubiquinone O +- O +1 O +, O +the O +vesicles O +also O +generate O +a O +membrane O +potential O +( O +interior O +negative O +) O +that O +is O +similar O +in O +magnitude O +to O +that O +observed O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +During O +penicillin B-Chemical +treatment O +of O +an O +autolysin O +defective O +mutant O +pneumococcus O +we O +have O +observed O +three O +novel O +phenomena O +: O +( O +i O +) O +Growth O +of O +the O +mutant O +cultures O +is O +inhibited O +by O +the O +same O +concentrations O +of O +penicillin B-Chemical +that O +induce O +lysis O +in O +the O +wild O +type O +. O + +aps B-category +Sensitivity O +of O +the O +cells O +to O +exogenous O +autolysin O +requires O +treatment O +with O +penicillin B-Chemical +or O +other O +inhibitors O +of O +cell O +wall O +synthesis O +( O +e O +. O +g O +. O +, O +D O +- O +cycloserine O +or O +fosfonomycin O +) O +since O +exogenous O +autolysin O +alone O +has O +no O +effect O +on O +bacterial O +growth O +. O + +aps B-category +Each O +one O +of O +these O +three O +phenomena O +( O +growth O +inhibition O +, O +sensitization O +to O +exogenous O +autolysin O +, O +and O +leakage O +of O +lipoteichoic O +acid O +) O +shows O +the O +same O +dose O +response O +as O +that O +of O +the O +penicillin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +lysis O +of O +wild O +- O +type O +pneumococci O +. O + +aps B-category +Chloramphenicol O +protects O +bacteria O +against O +penicillin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +lysis O +by O +interfering O +with O +the O +activity O +of O +the O +autolytic O +enzyme O +, O +rather O +than O +by O +depleting O +the O +concentration O +of O +the O +enzyme O +at O +the O +cell O +surface O +. O + +aps B-category +Euglena O +gracilis O +contains O +a O +protein O +system O +which O +can O +utilize O +the O +reducing O +power O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +in O +the O +ribonucleotide O +reductase O +- O +catalyzed O +reduction O +of O +CTP O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +the O +ribonucleotide O +reductase O +active O +in O +the O +Euglena O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thioredoxin I-Chemical +reductase O +system O +is O +more O +complex O +than O +the O +protein O +reported O +in O +a O +previous O +publication O +[ O +( O +1974 O +) O +j O +. O +Biol O +. O + +aps B-category +Human O +umbilical O +cord O +serum O +was O +found O +to O +contain O +both O +free O +folate B-Chemical +and O +folate B-Chemical +complexed O +to O +a O +high O +- O +molecular O +weight O +factor O +. O + +aps B-category +Acidification O +of O +the O +serum O +caused O +disassociation O +of O +the O +folate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binder I-Chemical +complex O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +separated O +binding O +factor O +, O +either O +saturated O +or O +unsaturated O +with O +folate B-Chemical +, O +had O +a O +molecular O +weight O +of O +about O +40 O +, O +000 O +on O +Sephadex O +G O +- O +200 O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +affinity O +and O +specificity O +of O +the O +binder O +were O +examined O +by O +competition O +experiments O +using O +[ O +3H O +] O +pteroylglutamic O +acid O +and O +nonradioactive O +folate B-Chemical +derivatives O +. O + +aps B-category +Presence O +of O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +and O +related O +enzymes O +in O +isolated O +brain O +microvessels O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +The O +effects O +of O +1 O +- O +( O +4 O +- O +cyclohexylureidophenoxy O +) O +- O +2 O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +3 O +- O +tert O +- O +butylaminopropane O +( O +talinolol O +, O +Cordanum O +, O +02 O +- O +115 O +) O +, O +practolol O +and O +propranolol B-Chemical +on O +the O +lipid O +content O +of O +the O +rat O +serum O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +experimental O +conditions O +of O +nonenzymatic O +reactivation O +of O +des O +- O +acetyl O +citrate B-Chemical +lyase O +from O +K O +. O +aerogenes O +were O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Relationship O +between O +bovine O +serum O +albumin O +structure O +and O +its O +chemical O +equilibria O +with O +hydrogen B-Chemical +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +data O +were O +interpreted O +by O +the O +conformational O +changes O +which O +can O +be O +induced O +when O +BSA O +is O +exposed O +to O +denaturation O +by O +acid O +and O +alkali B-Chemical +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +psysicochemical O +properties O +of O +mitochondrial O +and O +cell O +sap O +alanine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +from O +the O +rat O +CNS O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +showed O +that O +the O +mitochondrial O +enzyme O +was O +inhibited O +by O +maleate B-Chemical +, O +chlorides O +, O +acetate O +and O +phosphate B-Chemical +with O +a O +high O +ionic O +strength O +( O +over O +1 O +. O +8 O +) O +, O +that O +its O +pH O +optimum O +lay O +between O +7 O +. O +5 O +and O +8 O +. O +5 O +, O +that O +it O +was O +thermolabile O +at O +over O +40 O +degrees O +C O +and O +that O +it O +was O +salted O +out O +from O +solutions O +with O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulphate O +at O +0 O +. O +6 O +- O +- O +0 O +. O +8 O +saturation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +authors O +conclude O +from O +their O +results O +that O +two O +different O +alanine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +enzymes O +are O +present O +in O +the O +CNS O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +on O +young O +patients O +with O +simple O +schizophrenia O +, O +treated O +with O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +: O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +cross O +- O +over O +trial O +with O +Madopar O +and O +placebo O +. O + +aps B-category +Nine O +patients O +were O +given O +900 O +mg O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Dopa I-Chemical ++ O +225 O +mg O +benserazid O +daily O +, O +1 O +patient O +received O +600 O +mg O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Dopa I-Chemical ++ O +150 O +mg O +benserazid O +, O +and O +3 O +patients O +, O +300 O +mg O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Dopa I-Chemical ++ O +75 O +mg O +benserazid O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +cases O +where O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Dopa I-Chemical +had O +to O +be O +limited O +to O +600 O +and O +300 O +mg O +daily O +, O +a O +tendency O +to O +anxiety O +, O +distortion O +of O +thinking O +, O +and O +a O +sense O +of O +unreality O +were O +observed O +, O +depending O +on O +the O +dose O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Dopa I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cholinergic O +system O +and O +nociception O +in O +the O +primate O +: O +interactions O +with O +morphine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +apparent O +antinociceptive O +effect O +of O +physostigmine B-Chemical +, O +however O +, O +was O +difficult O +to O +separate O +from O +its O +nonspecific O +behavioral O +depressant O +effect O +and O +was O +probably O +not O +related O +to O +an O +increase O +in O +cholinergic O +tone O +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +scopolamine B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +05 O +and O +0 O +. O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +and O +high O +doses O +of O +physostigmine B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +interacted O +with O +morphine B-Chemical +in O +the O +shock O +titration O +paradigm O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +concluded O +that O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +the O +cholinergic O +compounds O +produce O +antinociceptive O +effects O +through O +different O +mechanisms O +of O +the O +pain O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +new O +thienodiazepine B-Chemical +derivatives O +, O +such O +as O +clotiazepam B-Chemical +and O +Y O +- O +7131 O +, O +on O +normal O +human O +sleep O +were O +investigated O +on O +5 O +subjects O +and O +compared O +to O +those O +of O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +derivatives O +, O +such O +as O +diazepam B-Chemical +and O +nitrazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +With O +regard O +to O +NREM O +sleep O +, O +stage O +2 O +was O +significantly O +increased O +with O +15 O +mg O +of O +clotiazepam B-Chemical +and O +10 O +mg O +of O +nitrazepam B-Chemical +, O +but O +stage O +SWS O +was O +significantly O +decreased O +with O +10 O +mg O +of O +nitrazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +first O +trial O +20 O +of O +them O +received O +bromazepam O +, O +thioridazine B-Chemical +, O +and O +placebo O +double O +blind O +cross O +over O +for O +2 O +weeks O +each O +, O +and O +in O +the O +second O +trial O +the O +active O +agents O +administered O +to O +the O +other O +20 O +participants O +were O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +and O +sulpiride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +the O +drugs O +used O +only O +bromazepam O +impaired O +learning O +significantly O +, O +and O +the O +combined O +effect O +of O +alcohol B-Chemical +and O +bromazepam O +on O +learning O +capacity O +was O +very O +deleterious O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +chronic O +exposure O +to O +stressors O +on O +avoidance O +- O +escape O +behavior O +and O +on O +brain O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Experiment O +2 O +showed O +that O +, O +whereas O +subjects O +that O +received O +one O +session O +of O +the O +inescapable O +shock O +stressor O +showed O +a O +lower O +level O +of O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +in O +hypothalamus O +and O +cortex O +than O +did O +subjects O +that O +received O +no O +shock O +, O +subjects O +that O +received O +repeated O +exposure O +to O +inescapable O +shock O +or O +cold O +swim O +showed O +neurochemical O +" O +habituation O +. O +" O + +aps B-category +Behavior O +analysis O +of O +the O +effects O +and O +mechanisms O +of O +action O +of O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Possible O +involvement O +of O +GABA B-Chemical +in O +the O +central O +actions O +of O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Dopamine B-Chemical +neurons O +: O +role O +of O +impulse O +flow O +and O +presynaptic O +receptors O +in O +the O +regulation O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +x O +- O +irradiation O +on O +cell O +division O +, O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +, O +and O +growth O +medium O +pH O +of O +an O +insect O +cell O +line O +cultured O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +Prolyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glycine I-Chemical +amide O +( O +PLG O +) O +and O +thyrotropin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +releasing I-Chemical +hormone O +( O +TRH O +) O +: O +DOPA O +potentiation O +and O +biogenic O +amine B-Chemical +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +Role O +of O +cardiovascular O +and O +ionic O +changes O +in O +pathogenesis O +and O +prevention O +of O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +cardiac O +necrosis O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +a O +cardiotoxic O +dose O +of O +20 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +, O +s O +. O +c O +. O +, O +blood O +pressure O +fell O +from O +117 O +to O +72 O +mm O +Hg O +, O +heart O +rate O +accelerated O +from O +326 O +to O +497 O +beats O +/ O +minute O +, O +and O +cardiac O +work O +diminished O +by O +about O +15 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +and O +verapamil B-Chemical +( O +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +i O +. O +p O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +propranolol B-Chemical +inhibited O +the O +depressor O +effect O +of O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +completely O +, O +verapamil B-Chemical +enhanced O +it O +: O +blood O +pressure O +fell O +to O +46 O +mm O +Hg O +. O + +aps B-category +Decrease O +of O +blood O +pH O +and O +cardionecrotisation O +were O +enhanced O +when O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +was O +given O +together O +with O +4 O +. O +8 O +g O +/ O +kg O +ethanol B-Chemical +, O +p O +. O +o O +. O + +aps B-category +Strong O +acidification O +can O +aggravate O +the O +cardiotoxicity O +of O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +Phenothiazine O +- O +induced O +bone O +marrow O +depression O +( O +BMD O +) O +was O +evaluated O +in O +three O +separate O +but O +complementary O +data O +bases O +: O +( O +1 O +) O +Among O +1 O +, O +048 O +patients O +admitted O +to O +psychiatric O +hospitals O +, O +there O +was O +no O +evidence O +of O +subclinical O +depression O +of O +the O +white O +blood O +cell O +( O +WBC O +) O +count O +attributable O +to O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +used O +before O +admission O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Tumour O +hyperacidulation O +through O +intravenous O +glucose B-Chemical +infusion O +enhanced O +by O +amygdalin O +and O +beta O +- O +glucosidase O +application O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +acute O +and O +chronic O +nicotine B-Chemical +hydrogen B-Chemical +( O ++ O +) O +- O +tartrate O +administration O +and O +subsequent O +withdrawal O +on O +rat O +liver O +tryptophan B-Chemical +pyrrolase O +activity O +and O +their O +comparison O +with O +those O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +, O +phenobarbitone B-Chemical +and O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Chronic O +nicotine B-Chemical +treatment O +inhibits O +, O +and O +subsequent O +withdrawal O +enhances O +, O +the O +pyrrolase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +above O +effects O +of O +nicotine B-Chemical +resemble O +to O +a O +remarkable O +degree O +those O +previously O +shown O +for O +morphine B-Chemical +, O +phenobarbitone B-Chemical +and O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +etioplasts O +of O +dark O +- O +grown O +bean O +leaves O +showed O +ATPase O +( O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphatase O +) O +activity O +which O +had O +a O +pH O +optimum O +of O +8 O +. O +5 O +, O +was O +stimulated O +by O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +and O +unaffected O +by O +light O +- O +triggering O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +of O +these O +isolates O +, O +W6A O +and O +W3A1 O +, O +grow O +only O +on O +glucose B-Chemical +out O +of O +50 O +non O +- O +C1 O +compounds O +tested O +, O +whereas O +the O +third O +isolate O +S2A1 O +and O +Bacillus O +PM6 O +grow O +on O +betaine B-Chemical +, O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +gluconate O +, O +alanine B-Chemical +, O +glutamate B-Chemical +, O +citrate B-Chemical +and O +nutrient O +agar O +, O +but O +not O +on O +any O +of O +a O +further O +56 O +non O +- O +C1 O +compounds O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +1 O +mm O +- O +NaF O +, O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +stimulated O +the O +incorporation O +of O +oleate O +into O +the O +choline B-Chemical +glycerophospholipids O +, O +phosphatidylinositol O +, O +ethanolamine O +glycerophospholipids O +, O +phosphatidylserine B-Chemical +and O +phosphatidic O +acid O +of O +synaptic O +membranes O +incubated O +in O +10 O +mm O +- O +Tris O +- O +HCl O +buffer O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +optimum O +concentration O +of O +CaCl2 B-Chemical +for O +stimulation O +by O +10 O +mum B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +noradrenaline I-Chemical +was O +10 O +mum O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Both O +the O +amount O +of O +Mg2 O ++ O +bound O +to O +the O +teichoic O +acid O +and O +the O +apparent O +association O +constants O +were O +similar O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +10 O +mM O +concentrations O +of O +NaCl B-Chemical +or O +KCl O +but O +decreased O +markedly O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +10 O +mM B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +CaCl2 I-Chemical +because O +of O +competition O +between O +Ca2 O ++ O +and O +Mg2 O ++ O +for O +the O +binding O +sites O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +the O +H O ++ O +concentration O +on O +the O +activation O +by O +Mg2 O ++ O +ions O +of O +alkaline O +pig O +kidney O +phosphate B-Chemical +was O +investigated O +between O +pH O +8 O +. O +4 O +and O +10 O +. O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +oxidation O +was O +inhibited O +by O +several O +mono O +- O +and O +poly B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phenols I-Chemical +and O +by O +catalase O +. O + +aps B-category +Benzylpenicillin B-Chemical +and O +ampicillin B-Chemical +( O +6 O +- O +[ O +D O +( O +- O +) O +- O +alpha O +- O +aminophenylacetamido O +] O +penicillanic O +acid O +) O +were O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +benzylpenicillin B-Chemical +both O +kcat O +. O + +aps B-category +for O +ampicillin B-Chemical +differed O +, O +however O +, O +presumably O +because O +of O +the O +polar O +group O +in O +the O +side O +chain O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +was O +completely O +dependent O +for O +its O +activity O +on O +the O +presence O +of O +Tris O +or O +one O +of O +a O +number O +of O +related O +amines B-Chemical +, O +all O +of O +general O +structure O +: O +( O +See O +article O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +one O +of O +these O +amines B-Chemical +is O +known O +to O +exist O +in O +living O +tissues O +and O +large O +concentrations O +of O +all O +amines B-Chemical +were O +required O +for O +maximum O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +values O +and O +the O +amine B-Chemical +Km O +values O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +was O +inhibited O +by O +rather O +large O +concentrations O +of O +barbiturates O +( O +6 O +- O +46 O +mM O +) O +and O +nitro B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alcohol I-Chemical +analogues O +of O +the O +activating O +amines B-Chemical +( O +66 O +- O +139 O +mM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +presence O +of O +1 O +mM O +- O +EDTA O +or O +a O +high O +concentration O +of O +NaCl B-Chemical +( O +over O +0 O +. O +5M O +) O +decreased O +the O +affinity O +of O +RNA O +for O +the O +filter O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +NADP O +- O +specific O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +of O +Neurospora O +crassa O +was O +digested O +with O +trypsin O +, O +and O +peptides O +accounting O +for O +441 O +out O +of O +the O +452 O +residues O +of O +the O +polypeptide O +chain O +were O +isolated O +and O +substantially O +sequenced O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +extracellular O +proteinase O +of O +Staphylococcus O +aureus O +strain O +V8 O +was O +used O +to O +digest O +the O +NADP O +- O +specific O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +of O +Neurospora O +crassa O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +sequence O +of O +Neurospora O +NADP O +- O +specific O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +Activities O +of O +citrate B-Chemical +synthase O +, O +NAD O ++ O +- O +linked O +and O +NADP O ++ O +- O +linked O +isocitrate O +dehydrogenases O +, O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +, O +aspartate B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +and O +alanine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +in O +nervous O +tissues O +from O +vertebrates O +and O +invertebrates O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +higher O +animals O +the O +activities O +of O +citrate B-Chemical +synthase O +are O +greater O +than O +the O +sum O +of O +activities O +of O +the O +isocitrate O +dehydrogenases O +, O +whereas O +they O +are O +similar O +in O +nervous O +tissues O +from O +the O +lower O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activities O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +are O +high O +in O +most O +nervous O +tissues O +and O +the O +activities O +of O +aspartate B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +are O +high O +in O +all O +nervous O +tissue O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +these O +insect O +tissues O +, O +anaerobic O +glycolysis O +may O +result O +in O +the O +formation O +of O +alanine B-Chemical +rather O +than O +lactate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Induction O +of O +5 O +- O +aminolaevulinate O +synthetase O +correlated O +well O +with O +the O +induction O +of O +microsomal O +N O +- O +demethylation O +of O +p O +- O +chloro O +- O +N O +- O +methylaniline O +, O +except O +for O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +, O +which O +induced O +the O +microsomal O +oxidase O +relatively O +more O +than O +the O +synthetase O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +on O +variant O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenases O +: O +G6PD O +Fort O +Worth O +. O + +aps B-category +Formation O +of O +non O +- O +amidine O +products O +in O +the O +chemical O +modification O +of O +horse O +liver O +alcohol B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +with O +imido O +esters O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +the O +adenylylation O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +by O +methionine B-Chemical +sulfone O +during O +nitrogenase O +derepression O +. O + +aps B-category +Phase O +changes O +induced O +by O +cyclopropane O +of O +phosphatidylserine B-Chemical +bilayers O +in O +the O +presence O +and O +absence O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Utilization O +of O +ammonia B-Chemical +for O +tryptophan B-Chemical +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Nitrosation O +of O +phenacetin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +No O +intact O +N O +- O +nitroso O +- O +2 O +- O +nitro O +- O +4 O +- O +ethoxyacetanilide O +can O +be O +detected O +when O +phenacetin B-Chemical +is O +nitrosated O +under O +conditions O +simulating O +those O +in O +the O +stomach O +( O +37 O +degrees O +C O +, O +pH O +1 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +resulting O +diazoester O +dissociates O +into O +the O +corresponding O +diazonium O +salt B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +From O +testing O +a O +new O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +derivative O +, O +8 O +- O +chloro O +- O +1 O +- O +phenyl O +- O +2 O +, O +3 O +, O +4 O +, O +5 O +- O +tetrahydro O +- O +1H O +- O +1 O +, O +5 O +- O +benzodiazepin O +- O +2 O +- O +one O +( O +Bu O +1014 O +) O +, O +as O +measured O +against O +a O +placebo O +in O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +trial O +, O +the O +following O +conclusions O +can O +be O +drawn O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rat O +foot O +edema O +carrageenan B-Chemical +test O +has O +proved O +to O +be O +a O +fairly O +reliable O +predictor O +of O +clinical O +dose O +for O +most O +acidic O +antiinflammatory O +agents O +of O +moderate O +serum O +half O +- O +life O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Cleavage O +exposes O +a O +new O +amino B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +terminal I-Chemical +phenylalanine O +residue O +and O +may O +occur O +at O +the O +Glx392 O +- O +Phe393 O +bond O +although O +the O +possibility O +exists O +that O +it O +occurs O +at O +another O +X O +- O +Phe O +bond O +in O +the O +unsequenced O +region O +of O +residues O +400 O +- O +402 O +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +activation O +is O +completely O +reversed O +by O +isolated O +apolipoprotein O +- O +serine O +or O +apolipoprotein B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Purine O +nucleotide B-Chemical +pyrophosphotransferase O +from O +Streptomyces O +morookaensis O +, O +capable O +of O +synthesizing O +pppApp O +and O +pppGpp O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +synthesizes O +purine B-Chemical +nucleoside B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +( O +mono O +, O +di O +, O +or O +tri O +) O +3 O +' O +- O +diphosphates O +such O +as O +pppApp O +, O +ppApp O +, O +pApp O +, O +pppGpp O +, O +ppGpp O +and O +pppIpp O +by O +transferring O +a O +pyrophosphoryl O +group O +from O +the O +5 O +' O +- O +position O +of O +ATP O +, O +dATP O +and O +ppApp O +to O +the O +3 O +' O +- O +position O +of O +purine B-Chemical +nucleotides O +. O + +aps B-category +Adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphate I-Chemical +: O +nicotinamide O +mononucleotide O +adenylyltransferase O +of O +pig O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +striking O +differences O +were O +the O +loss O +of O +one O +histidine O +and O +one O +methionine B-Chemical +in O +the O +isoenzyme O +, O +corresponding O +to O +residues O +24 O +and O +27 O +, O +respectively O +, O +in O +alpha O +- O +phospholipase O +A2 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activity O +was O +also O +inhibited O +by O +caffeine B-Chemical +and O +theophylline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +after O +release O +from O +Aerobacter O +aerogenes O +cells O +by O +0 O +. O +1 O +% O +sodium B-Chemical +lauryl O +sulfate O +extraction O +was O +purified O +by O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +precipitation O +, O +DEAE O +- O +Sephadex O +column O +chromatography O +and O +Sephadex O +G O +- O +100 O +gel O +filtration O +to O +80 O +- O +fold O +of O +the O +original O +sodium B-Chemical +lauryl O +sulfate O +extract O +activity O +, O +It O +gave O +a O +single O +band O +on O +disc O +electrophoresis O +, O +and O +the O +molecular O +weight O +by O +gel O +filtration O +was O +54 O +000 O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +resemble O +each O +other O +in O +their O +pH O +optima O +of O +8 O +. O +2 O +, O +their O +molecular O +weight O +of O +240 O +000 O +, O +their O +responses O +to O +various O +active O +site O +inhibitors O +and O +metal O +cations O +, O +and O +their O +specificities O +towards O +seventeen O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +naphthylamide I-Chemical +substrates O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +appear O +to O +be O +true O +aminopeptidases O +hydrolysing O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +amides O +, O +dipeptides O +and O +oligopeptides O +from O +the O +N O +- O +terminal O +end O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Acid O +and O +alkaline O +denaturation O +of O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +covalent O +bonding O +copper B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nitrogen I-Chemical +is O +essential O +for O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +activity O +of O +the O +protein O +or O +synthetic O +copper B-Chemical +complexes O +. O + +aps B-category +Quantitative O +kinetic O +data O +are O +given O +on O +the O +oxidation O +reaction O +of O +dioxyfumaric O +acid O +( O +DFA O +) O +with O +atmospheric O +oxygen B-Chemical +in O +the O +presence O +of O +horseradish O +peroxidase O +( O +HRP O +) O +depending O +on O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Autocatalytic O +character O +of O +FRA O +oxidation O +is O +shown O +to O +be O +due O +to O +the O +formation O +of O +H2O2 B-Chemical +and O +other O +hydro O +peroxide B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +type I-Chemical +compounds O +in O +the O +reaction O +, O +HRP O +convertions O +in O +the O +DFA O +- O +- O +O2 O +system O +are O +studied O +using O +spectrophotometry O +. 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O +5 O +M O +phosphate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carbonate I-Chemical +buffer O +, O +pH O +8 O +. O +4 O +and O +pH O +9 O +. O +5 O +, O +the O +plots O +of O +initial O +reaction O +rate O +( O +v O +) O +versus O +the O +initial O +substrate O +concentration O +( O +[ O +S O +] O +0 O +are O +characterized O +by O +several O +inflection O +points O +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O +an O +intermediate O +plateau O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +observed O +that O +in O +the O +course O +of O +evolution O +of O +vertebrates O +the O +Km O +values O +for O +substrates O +and O +allosteric O +activator O +( O +AMP O +) O +, O +as O +well O +as O +the O +inhibition O +by O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +showed O +a O +decrease O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +the O +latter O +procedure O +PFK O +can O +be O +resolved O +into O +fractions O +A O +, O +B O +and O +C O +which O +are O +eluted O +specifically O +, O +with O +0 O +. O +3 O +M O +buffer O +and O +with O +1 O +. O +5 O +M O +NaCl B-Chemical +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +has O +been O +shown O +that O +in O +the O +conditions O +of O +oxidation O +of O +NADH O +and O +succinate O +by O +oxygen B-Chemical +and O +also O +of O +ATP O +hydrolysis O +, O +the O +decrease O +in O +the O +phosphorylating O +activity O +of O +the O +particles O +under O +the O +action O +of O +phospholipases O +C O +and O +D O +accelerates O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +effect O +was O +more O +pronounced O +with O +ethyl O +lactate B-Chemical +than O +with O +N O +- O +tosyl O +arginine O +methyl O +ester O +( O +TAME O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Vmax O +, O +calculated O +per O +g O +of O +active O +enzyme O +, O +with O +TAME O +as O +the O +substrate O +was O +not O +affected O +by O +immobilization O +, O +while O +Vmax O +with O +ethyl O +lactate B-Chemical +decreased O +greater O +than O +tenfold O +. O + +aps B-category +Results O +are O +explained O +in O +terms O +of O +diffusional O +resistance O +and O +a O +possible O +attraction O +of O +ethyl O +lactate B-Chemical +to O +the O +glass O +surface O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +conditioning O +with O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +, O +prompt O +but O +only O +transient O +engraftment O +of O +the O +transplant O +occurred O +accompanied O +by O +signs O +of O +mild O +graft O +- O +versus O +- O +host O +- O +disease O +( O +GVHD O +) O +of O +the O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +possibly O +increased O +risk O +of O +graft O +rejection O +or O +severe O +GVHD O +should O +not O +preclude O +the O +use O +of O +unrelated O +HL O +- O +A O +and O +MLC O +- O +identical O +marrow O +donors O +, O +when O +histocompatible O +sibling O +donors O +are O +not O +available O +; O +but O +more O +potent O +immunosuppressive O +regimens O +than O +the O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +protocol O +may O +be O +necessary O +to O +ensure O +permanent O +engraftment O +. O + +aps B-category +Stability O +studies O +of O +ampicillin B-Chemical +in O +intravenous O +fluids O +using O +optical O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +1 O +The O +concentrations O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +adrenaline B-Chemical +in O +various O +organs O +, O +arterial O +plasma O +and O +venous O +outflow O +from O +isolated O +hearts O +of O +adult O +chickens O +have O +been O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +Chemical O +sympathectomy O +by O +pretreatment O +with O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxydopamine I-Chemical +caused O +a O +decrease O +of O +the O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +adrenaline B-Chemical +concentrations O +in O +the O +heart O +to O +20 O +and O +23 O +% O +and O +in O +the O +spleen O +to O +16 O +and O +29 O +% O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relative O +adrenaline B-Chemical +concentration O +in O +the O +perfusate O +( O +20 O +- O +28 O +% O +) O +was O +not O +significantly O +different O +from O +the O +relative O +adrenaline B-Chemical +concentration O +remaining O +in O +these O +hearts O +( O +19 O +- O +22 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +4 O +The O +effects O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +adrenaline B-Chemical +on O +cardiac O +rate O +and O +tension O +development O +were O +studied O +in O +spontaneously O +beating O +right O +atria O +and O +electrically O +driven O +left O +atria O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +found O +that O +the O +cardio O +- O +vaseart O +rate O +, O +cardiac O +tension O +development O +and O +arterial O +blood O +pressure O +, O +was O +not O +significantly O +different O +from O +that O +of O +adrenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Antiarrhythmic O +, O +haemodynamic O +and O +metabolic O +effects O +of O +3alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5alpha I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +androstan I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ol I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +17 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +one I-Chemical +hydrochloride O +in O +greyhounds O +following O +acute O +coronary O +artery O +ligation O +. O + +aps B-category +3 O +In O +dogs O +pretreated O +with O +ORG6001 O +, O +metabolic O +changes O +indicative O +of O +myocardial O +ischaemia O +( O +lactate B-Chemical +production O +and O +potassium B-Chemical +efflux O +) O +were O +less O +marked O +than O +those O +occurring O +in O +control O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +Presence O +of O +cyclic O +AMP O +, O +serotonin B-Chemical +and O +enzymes O +of O +the O +serotonergic O +, O +adrenergic O +and O +cholinergic O +systems O +. O + +aps B-category +cAMP B-Chemical +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +, O +tryptophan B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +( O +TPH O +) O +, O +aromatic O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +decarboxylase O +( O +AADC O +) O +and O +monoamine O +oxidase O +( O +MAO O +) O +were O +present O +. O + +aps B-category +choline B-Chemical +acetyltransferase O +and O +acetylcholinesterase O +, O +were O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +postnatal O +ontogeny O +the O +activity O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +( O +T O +- O +OH O +) O +, O +which O +is O +localized O +to O +adrenergic O +neurons O +, O +increased O +50 O +- O +fold O +in O +iris O +, O +and O +34 O +- O +fold O +in O +pineal O +nerve O +terminals O +of O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Excess O +Zn2 O ++ O +which O +competes O +for O +the O +Mg2 O ++ O +site O +leads O +to O +a O +phosphatase O +with O +little O +catalytic O +activity O +at O +alkaline O +pH O +but O +with O +normal O +active O +sites O +at O +acidic O +pH O +as O +shown O +by O +covalent O +incorporation O +of O +ortho O +- O +[ O +32P O +] O +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +significant O +differences O +between O +the O +two O +enzymes O +were O +, O +however O +, O +found O +: O +the O +solubilized O +alpha O +, O +alpha O +- O +trehalase O +floated O +at O +70 O +% O +saturation O +of O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +while O +the O +free O +alpha O +, O +alpha O +- O +trehalase O +did O +not O +; O +the O +solubilized O +alpha O +, O +alpha O +- O +trehalase O +did O +not O +dissociate O +into O +subunits O +as O +readily O +as O +did O +the O +free O +one O +; O +and O +the O +solubilized O +alpha O +, O +alpha O +- O +trehalase O +was O +found O +to O +bind O +more O +readily O +to O +a O +hydrophobic O +grouping O +than O +the O +free O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +L O +- O +[ O +alphaS O +, O +5S O +] O +- B-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +chloro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +, O +5 O +- O +dihydro O +- O +5 O +- O +isoxazoleacetic O +acid O +( O +NSC O +- O +163501 O +) O +, O +an O +antibiotic O +elaborated O +by O +Streptomyces O +sviceus O +, O +has O +been O +shown O +to O +be O +a O +powerful O +inhibitor O +of O +many O +mammalian O +and O +bacterial O +reactions O +involving O +the O +transfer O +of O +nitrogen B-Chemical +from O +the O +gamma O +- O +carboxamide O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +NSC O +- O +163501 O +treatment O +of O +L1210 O +cells O +growing O +in O +a O +low O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamine I-Chemical +culture O +medium O +produced O +arrest O +in O +G O +or O +early O +S O +phase O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparative O +studies O +on O +the O +antitumor O +activity O +of O +lankacidin O +C O +and O +eight O +of O +its O +derivatives O +against O +L1210 O +leukemia O +and O +solid O +6C3HED O +/ O +OG O +lymphosarcoma O +demonstrated O +that O +replacement O +of O +the O +hydroxyl B-Chemical +group O +at O +position O +8 O +or O +14 O +of O +lankacidin O +C O +by O +an O +acyloxy O +group O +potentiated O +antitumor O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +a O +single O +administration O +of O +testosterone B-Chemical +on O +the O +immune O +response O +and O +lymphoid O +tissues O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Tyramine O +( O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +M O +) O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +monoamine O +oxidase O +inhibitor O +( O +pheniprazine O +, O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +and O +a O +phosphodiesterase O +inhibitor O +( O +theophylline B-Chemical +, O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +M O +) O +significantly O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +stimulated O +renin O +release O +when O +values O +were O +compared O +to O +control O +observations O +for O +media O +containing O +only O +the O +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Benzyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cysteine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nitroanilide I-Chemical +is O +used O +as O +the O +substrate O +. O + +aps B-category +I O +describe O +a O +simple O +, O +single O +- O +tube O +batch O +fractionation O +procedure O +for O +separating O +MM O +and O +MB O +isoenzymes O +of O +creatine B-Chemical +kinase O +on O +a O +macroporous O +strong O +anion O +exchanger O +( O +AG O +MP O +- O +1 O +, O +Bio O +- O +Rad O +Laboratories O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +GP O +I O +Barcelona O +was O +a O +fast O +variant O +( O +116 O +% O +) O +with O +an O +increased O +isoelectric O +point O +( O +9 O +. O +55 O +) O +, O +lability O +to O +heat O +and O +to O +urea B-Chemical +, O +and O +shift O +of O +the O +pH O +curve O +towards O +the O +acidic O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +of O +reports O +of O +fluroxene O +toxicity O +in O +man O +, O +the O +effect O +of O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +treatment O +on O +the O +toxicity O +and O +metabolism O +of O +fluroxene O +was O +studied O +in O +9 O +rhesus O +monkeys O +. O + +aps B-category +Phenobarbital B-Chemical +treatment O +enhanced O +production O +of O +fluroxene O +metabolites O +, O +including O +the O +highly O +toxic O +trifluoroethanol O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +concentrations O +and O +the O +time O +- O +course O +of O +beta O +blockade O +due O +to O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +If O +the O +dose O +ratio O +to O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +( O +DR O +) O +is O +measured O +, O +then O +( O +DR O +- O +1 O +) O +declines O +with O +time O +in O +parallel O +with O +drug O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +Evaluation O +of O +lorazepam B-Chemical +and O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +as O +surgical O +premedicants O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +study O +in O +128 O +patients O +, O +lorazepam B-Chemical +, O +2 O +and O +4 O +mg O +, O +and O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +, O +50 O +and O +100 O +mg O +, O +were O +given O +intravenously O +in O +a O +randomized O +sequence O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +renal O +elimination O +of O +procainamide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Each O +subject O +received O +500 O +mg O +of O +PCA O +intravenously O +at O +weekly O +intervals O +while O +in O +a O +state O +of O +( O +1 O +) O +acid O +load O +( O +NH4Cl O +) O +and O +water O +deprivation O +, O +( O +2 O +) O +acid O +load O +and O +water O +excess O +, O +( O +3 O +) O +alkali B-Chemical +load O +( O +NaHCO3 B-Chemical +) O +and O +water O +deprivation O +, O +and O +( O +4 O +) O +alkali B-Chemical +load O +and O +water O +excess O +. O + +aps B-category +Seasonal O +variations O +in O +the O +composition O +of O +urine O +in O +relation O +to O +calcium B-Chemical +stone O +- O +formation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +daily O +urine O +volume O +and O +pH O +and O +the O +exretions O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +, O +oxalate O +, O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +creatinine B-Chemical +and O +magnesium B-Chemical +were O +related O +to O +the O +time O +of O +year O +when O +the O +urine O +was O +collected O +, O +and O +the O +saturation O +of O +urine O +with O +calcium B-Chemical +oxalate O +and O +octocalcium O +phosphate B-Chemical +calculated O +for O +each O +month O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +significant O +seasonal O +variation O +in O +urinary O +pH O +, O +volume O +, O +creatinine B-Chemical +, O +phosphate B-Chemical +or O +magnesium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +changes O +were O +dependent O +only O +on O +the O +seasonal O +variation O +in O +urinary O +calcium B-Chemical +and O +oxalate O +and O +not O +on O +urine O +volume O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduced O +glutathione B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +a I-Chemical +comparative O +study O +of O +erythrocytes O +from O +various O +species O +of O +marsupials O +in O +Australia O +. O + +aps B-category +Protein O +and O +energy O +utilization O +by O +the O +insect O +, O +Argyrotaenia O +velutinana O +( O +Walker O +) O +, O +fed O +diets O +containing O +graded O +levels O +of O +an O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +mixture O +. O + +aps B-category +Intestinal O +absorption O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +rats O +infected O +with O +Nematospiroides O +dubius O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +divalent O +cations O +on O +allosteric O +behaviour O +of O +muscle O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +from O +the O +sea O +mussel O +Mytilus O +edulis O +L O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +treatment O +, O +repetitive O +therapeutic O +courses O +with O +corticosteroids B-Chemical +and O +heparin B-Chemical +are O +of O +fundamental O +importance O +. O + +aps B-category +Lorazepam B-Chemical +and O +diazepam B-Chemical +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +neurotic O +anxiety O +: O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +trial O +. O + +aps B-category +According O +to O +the O +global O +rating O +of O +illness O +week O +after O +week O +, O +after O +four O +weeks O +of O +treatment O +more O +patients O +on O +lorazepam B-Chemical +than O +on O +diazepam B-Chemical +were O +normal O +or O +had O +mild O +illness O +( O +82 O +. O +1 O +% O +vs O +. O +70 O +. O +8 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +reduction O +in O +score O +on O +the O +Hamilton O +Anxiety O +Scale O +was O +17 O +. O +7 O +for O +lorazepam B-Chemical +and O +16 O +. O +5 O +for O +diazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +patients O +treated O +with O +lorazepam B-Chemical +had O +side O +effects O +, O +against O +six O +with O +diazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effect O +of O +pH O +and O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +on O +the O +quaternary O +structure O +of O +E O +. O +coli O +glutamate B-Chemical +decarboxylase O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Repeated O +oral O +treatment O +of O +male O +rats O +with O +piperazine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +substituted I-Chemical +phenothiazine O +drugs O +in O +doses O +of O +25 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +or O +more O +daily O +led O +to O +an O +accumulation O +of O +metabolites O +containing O +an O +ethylenediamine O +group O +instead O +of O +the O +piperazine B-Chemical +ring O +. O + +aps B-category +Parallel O +observations O +were O +made O +in O +dogs O +given O +fluphenazine B-Chemical +in O +daily O +doses O +of O +up O +to O +40 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +metabolites O +were O +isolated O +from O +dog O +urine O +, O +including O +4 O +- O +hydroxyphenyl O +, O +dihydrodiol O +, O +and O +catechol B-Chemical +derivatives O +of O +triflubazam O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +catechol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +0 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +ether B-Chemical +was O +detected O +in O +monkey O +urine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ether B-Chemical +and O +ester O +glucuronides O +were O +identified O +in O +human O +urine O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +interaction O +was O +observed O +between O +MK O +- O +647 O +and O +bishydroxycoumarin O +in O +the O +prothrombin O +time O +test O +nor O +with O +tolbutamide O +in O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +tolerance O +test O +. O + +aps B-category +Gas O +chromatography O +- O +mass O +spectrometry O +was O +used O +to O +identify O +metabolites O +of O +spironolactone B-Chemical +in O +human O +blood O +and O +urine O +. O + +aps B-category +About O +half O +of O +this O +radioactivity O +was O +extracted O +with O +chloroform B-Chemical +at O +pH O +3 O +and O +from O +this O +extract O +four O +stable O +metabolites O +were O +isolated O +by O +use O +of O +column O +and O +thin O +- O +layer O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mixed O +- O +function O +oxidation O +of O +14C O +- O +labled O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetylaminofluorene I-Chemical +( O +AAF O +) O +was O +investigated O +in O +placental O +and O +fetal O +tissues O +of O +humans O +and O +monkeys O +( O +Macaca O +nemestrina O +) O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylcholanthrene I-Chemical +treatment O +on O +phenacetin B-Chemical +O O +- O +dealkylation O +in O +several O +inbred O +mouse O +strains O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +the O +magnitude O +of O +induction O +of O +phenacetin B-Chemical +O O +- O +dealkylation O +is O +considerably O +less O +than O +that O +of O +benzo O +[ O +a O +] O +pyrene O +hydroxylation O +, O +the O +data O +indicate O +that O +in O +mice O +, O +the O +metabolism O +of O +these O +two O +substrates O +is O +under O +similar O +regulatory O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +effect O +has O +been O +shown O +not O +to O +be O +due O +to O +inhibition O +of O +hydrolysis O +of O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +or O +interference O +with O +its O +determination O +, O +or O +to O +preferential O +formation O +of O +other O +phenolic O +metabolites O +. O + +aps B-category +alpha O +, O +alpha O +' O +- O +Dipyridyl O +, O +however O +, O +enhances O +phenol B-Chemical +formation O +from O +all O +three O +carbonacylanilides O +, O +but O +does O +not O +affect O +that O +from O +methanesulfonanilide O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +gastrointestinal O +absorption O +of O +methadone B-Chemical +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Absorption O +from O +other O +regions O +of O +the O +intestine O +was O +similar O +to O +that O +from O +the O +duodenum O +; O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +absorption O +from O +the O +stomach O +was O +markedly O +slower O +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetic O +and O +spectral O +studies O +of O +type O +I O +and O +type O +II O +compounds O +with O +rat O +hepatic O +microsomes O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +the O +major O +metabolite O +of O +diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +was O +assayed O +in O +rat O +liver O +homogenates O +and O +microsomes O +in O +order O +to O +calculate O +microsomal O +recoveries O +and O +correct O +for O +losses O +during O +ultracentrifugation O +or O +sedimentation O +in O +presence O +of O +CaCl2 B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +8M O +urea B-Chemical +, O +the O +peak O +continued O +to O +behave O +as O +a O +large O +molecular O +weight O +form O +on O +both O +Sephadex O +chromatography O +and O +on O +polyacrylamide O +disc O +gel O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +Horse O +liver O +alcohol B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +was O +reacted O +with O +glyoxal O +at O +different O +pH O +values O +ranging O +from O +6 O +. O +0 O +to O +9 O +. O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +Steady O +- O +state O +kinetic O +analysis O +suggests O +that O +the O +activated O +enzyme O +is O +not O +subjected O +to O +substrate O +inhibition O +and O +that O +its O +Michaelis O +constant O +for O +ethanol B-Chemical +is O +three O +times O +larger O +than O +that O +of O +the O +native O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Differential O +effects O +of O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +and O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +on O +isolated O +nervous O +tissue O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Most O +of O +the O +results O +are O +consistent O +with O +a O +bi O +- O +ter O +sequential O +mechanism O +where O +NAD O ++ O +binds O +first O +to O +the O +enzyme O +followed O +by O +D O +- O +octopine O +, O +and O +the O +products O +are O +released O +in O +the O +order O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +, O +pyruvate B-Chemical +and O +NADH O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +isoenzymes O +of O +an O +NADP O ++ O +- O +dependent O +cinnamyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +and O +an O +NAD O ++ O +- O +dependent O +aliphatic O +alcohol B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +were O +extracted O +from O +cell O +suspension O +cultures O +of O +soybean O +( O +Glycine O +max O +L O +. O +, O +var O +. O + +aps B-category +Maximum O +rates O +of O +reaction O +were O +observed O +in O +the O +case O +of O +coniferyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +oxidation O +at O +pH O +9 O +. O +2 O +( O +Isoenzyme O +1 O +) O +and O +pH O +8 O +. O +8 O +( O +isoenzyme O +2 O +) O +; O +in O +the O +reverse O +reaction O +pH O +6 O +. O +5 O +was O +optimal O +for O +isoenzyme O +2 O +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +isoenzyme O +reacted O +with O +benzyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +, O +anisic O +alcohol B-Chemical +or O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pyruvate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dehydrogenase I-Chemical +complex O +from O +Azotobacter O +vinelandii O +. O + +aps B-category +pH O +STUDIES O +INDICATED O +THAT O +THE O +Hill O +coefficient O +is O +dependent O +on O +subunit O +ionization O +within O +the O +pyruvate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +containing I-Chemical +complex O +and O +not O +on O +those O +in O +the O +free O +complex O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +no O +longer O +catalyzed O +the O +overall O +reaction O +, O +yet O +could O +still O +carboxylate O +free O +biotin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +On O +chromatography O +over O +a O +Sepharose O +- O +bound O +avidin O +column O +, O +the O +biotin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +subunit I-Chemical +was O +fixed O +and O +the O +biotin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +free I-Chemical +subunit O +was O +eluted O +unretarded O +. O + +aps B-category +Finally O +, O +the O +structures O +of O +biotin B-Chemical +enzymes O +from O +different O +sources O +are O +compared O +. O + +aps B-category +Time O +- O +dependent O +inhibition O +of O +diamine O +oxidase O +by O +carbonyl O +- O +group O +reagents O +and O +urea B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +was O +particularly O +the O +case O +with O +aminoguanidine B-Chemical +and O +phenylhydrazine B-Chemical +and O +a O +thorough O +study O +of O +the O +effects O +of O +these O +compounds O +on O +the O +human O +placental O +diamine O +oxidase O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +time O +- O +dependent O +recovery O +of O +activity O +on O +addition O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +pyruvate B-Chemical +suggested O +that O +the O +compounds O +used O +are O +acting O +solely O +as O +carbonyl O +group O +reagents O +, O +inhibiting O +by O +Schiff O +- O +base O +formation O +at O +the O +active O +- O +site O +carbonyl O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +monosubstituted O +( O +on O +the O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +group O +) O +and O +the O +disubstituted O +( O +on O +both O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +) O +acetylated O +components O +have O +been O +separated O +by O +chromatography O +on O +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +and O +CM O +- O +cellulose O +. O + +aps B-category +Complete O +deacetylation O +of O +the O +O O +- O +acetyltyrosyl O +residues O +occurs O +upon O +treatment O +with O +hydroxyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +optimum O +for O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +p O +- O +nitroanilide O +hydrolysis O +is O +between O +7 O +and O +7 O +. O +5 O +and O +that O +for O +125I O +- O +labeled O +casein O +proteolysis O +between O +7 O +. O +3 O +and O +7 O +. O +6 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +homogeneity O +of O +this O +species O +is O +primarily O +dependent O +on O +the O +presence O +of O +thiols B-Chemical +and O +secondarily O +on O +high O +concentrations O +of O +salt B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +absence O +of O +thiols B-Chemical +, O +glutathione B-Chemical +reductase O +shows O +a O +tendency O +to O +form O +tetramers O +and O +larger O +aggregates O +. O + +aps B-category +Polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +in O +a O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecylsulfate O +buffer O +system O +showed O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +large O +( O +Mr O +approximately O +65000 O +) O +and O +a O +small O +( O +Mr O +approximately O +27000 O +) O +polypeptide O +chain O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +course O +of O +this O +work O +a O +convenient O +procedure O +was O +developed O +for O +the O +determination O +of O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +transpeptidase O +activity O +using O +L O +[ O +glycine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3H I-Chemical +] O +glutathione B-Chemical +as O +the O +substrate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reactions O +with O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +- O +p O +- O +nitroanilide O +and O +glutathione B-Chemical +are O +both O +strongly O +activated O +by O +several O +metal O +ions O +( O +Ca2 O ++ O +, O +Mg2 O ++ O +, O +Na O ++ O +and O +K O ++ O +) O +and O +by O +a O +number O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +and O +peptide O +acceptors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activating O +effect O +of O +metal O +ions O +in O +the O +reaction O +with O +glutathione B-Chemical +was O +shown O +to O +be O +dependent O +on O +the O +acceleration O +of O +the O +transfer O +reaction O +; O +the O +rate O +of O +hydrolysis O +of O +the O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +bond O +remaining O +unchanged O +. O + +aps B-category +Citrate B-Chemical +inhibited O +powerfully O +the O +hydrolysis O +of O +UDPglucuronic O +acid O +and O +the O +liberation O +of O +free O +D O +- O +glucuronic O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +10 O +mM O +EDTA O +was O +added O +to O +diminish O +the O +hydrolytic O +consumption O +of O +the O +glucuronyl B-Chemical +donor O +substrate O +, O +the O +corresponding O +ratio O +was O +still O +as O +unfavorable O +as O +19 O +: O +2 O +. O +6 O +: O +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +indicate O +that O +even O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +added O +glucuronyl B-Chemical +acceptor O +substrate O +the O +hydrolysis O +of O +UDPglucuronic O +acid O +predominates O +the O +conjugation O +in O +rat O +liver O +microsomes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incorporation O +into O +phosphatidylcholine O +was O +stimulated O +by O +Na O ++ O +, O +K O ++ O +and O +K O +- O +, O +inhibited O +by O +Ca2 O ++ O +and O +Mg2 O ++ O +and O +unaffected O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +deoxycholate I-Chemical +and O +ATP O +. O + +aps B-category +Dibutyryl O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +mimicked O +the O +inhibitory O +effect O +of O +epinephrine B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +reaction O +to O +citric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +was O +higher O +than O +to O +HC1 O +at O +equal O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +production O +of O +testicular O +androgen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +protein O +( O +ABP O +) O +, O +as O +a O +measure O +of O +Sertoli O +cell O +function O +, O +was O +studied O +after O +unilateral O +or O +bilateral O +experimental O +cryptorchidism O +in O +adult O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +oxygen B-Chemical +transport O +system O +of O +red O +blood O +cells O +during O +diabetic O +ketoacidosis O +and O +recovery O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Hill O +- O +coefeficient O +in O +reflecting O +the O +slope O +of O +the O +oxygen B-Chemical +dissociation O +curve O +was O +diminished O +in O +ketoacidosis O +( O +p O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +005 O +) O +, O +and O +decreased O +further O +after O +pH O +- O +normalization O +( O +p O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +005 O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +was O +undertaken O +to O +compare O +the O +ability O +of O +L O +- O +and O +D O +- O +isomers O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +bathing O +the O +oxyntic O +gland O +area O +to O +stimulate O +acid O +secretion O +in O +conscious O +dogs O +with O +Heidenhain O +pouch O +( O +HP O +) O +, O +gastric O +fistula O +( O +GF O +) O +and O +pancreatic O +fistula O +( O +PF O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +L O +- O +isomers O +of O +all O +natural O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +were O +found O +to O +stimulate O +acid O +secretion O +, O +whereas O +D O +- O +isomers O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +tested O +were O +completely O +inert O +in O +this O +respect O +. O + +aps B-category +Local O +irrigation O +of O +HP O +by O +2 O +% O +xylocaine O +and O +intravenous O +infusion O +of O +atropine B-Chemical +( O +100 O +mug O +per O +kg O +per O +hr O +) O +or O +metiamide O +( O +2 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +has O +virtually O +no O +effect O +on O +heme O +a O +and O +copper B-Chemical +content O +and O +on O +the O +catalytic O +parameters O +of O +the O +enzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +is O +specific O +for O +dihydroxyacetone O +phosphate B-Chemical +and O +does O +not O +form O +methylglyoxal O +from O +glyceraldehyde O +3 O +- O +phophate O +, O +glyceraldehyde O +, O +or O +dihydroxyacetone O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +is O +inhibited O +by O +inorganic O +orthophosphate O +in O +a O +complex O +manner O +which O +is O +overcome O +by O +dihydroxyacetone O +phosphate B-Chemical +in O +a O +signoidal O +manner O + +aps B-category +Colipase O +alone O +or O +with O +bile B-Chemical +salt I-Chemical +caused O +only O +a O +slight O +perturbation O +of O +these O +values O +. 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O +) O + +aps B-category +Homogeneity O +was O +established O +by O +disc O +gel O +electrophoresis O +in O +presence O +and O +absence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +, O +and O +isoelectric O +focusing O +. O + +aps B-category +Product O +inhibition O +was O +observed O +with O +guanine O +and O +hypoxanthine O +as O +strong O +competitive O +inhibitors O +for O +the O +enzymatic O +phosphorolysis O +of O +guanosine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +protection O +of O +essential O +- O +- O +SH O +groups O +on O +the O +enzyme O +, O +by O +2 O +- O +mercaptoethanol O +or O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +, O +was O +necessary O +for O +the O +maintenance O +of O +enzyme O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pKa O +values O +determined O +for O +ionizable O +groups O +of O +the O +active O +site O +of O +the O +enzyme O +were O +near O +pH O +5 O +. O +5 O +and O +pH O +8 O +. O +5 O +The O +chemical O +and O +kinetic O +evidences O +suggest O +that O +histidine O +and O +cysteine B-Chemical +may O +be O +essential O +for O +catalysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Xanthosine O +was O +an O +extremely O +poor O +substrate O +, O +and O +adenosine B-Chemical +was O +not O +phosphorylyzed O +at O +20 O +- O +fold O +excess O +of O +the O +homogeneous O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +initial O +velocity O +studies O +of O +the O +saturation O +of O +the O +enzyme O +with O +guanosine B-Chemical +, O +at O +various O +fixed O +concentrations O +of O +inorganic O +orthophosphate O +, O +suggest O +a O +sequential O +bireactant O +catalytic O +mechanism O +for O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +homogeneous O +preparations O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +carboxypeptidases O +I O +have O +been O +obtained O +from O +Escherichia O +coli O +strain O +H2143 O +, O +termed O +enzymes O +IA O +, O +IB O +, O +and O +IC O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +to O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +carboxypeptidase O +activity O +, O +it O +catalyzed O +a O +transpeptidase O +reaction O +with O +several O +substrates O +, O +bound O +[ O +14C O +] O +penicillin B-Chemical +G I-Chemical +, O +had O +a O +weak O +penicillinase O +activity O +, O +but O +was O +devoid O +of O +endopeptidase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +to O +carboxypeptidase O +activity O +, O +they O +catalyzed O +an O +endopeptidase O +reaction O +, O +had O +weak O +penicillinase O +activity O +, O +and O +had O +very O +poor O +transpeptidase O +activity O +, O +but O +did O +not O +bind O +[ O +14C O +] O +penicillin B-Chemical +G I-Chemical +. O +Some O +data O +relating O +to O +the O +mechanism O +of O +catalysis O +by O +these O +enzymes O +are O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +Binding O +of O +inositol B-Chemical +hexaphosphate O +to O +human O +methemoglobin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +more O +rapid O +absorbance O +change O +is O +too O +fast O +to O +be O +measured O +by O +stopped O +flow O +techniques O +, O +whereas O +the O +slow O +change O +exhibits O +a O +half O +- O +time O +in O +the O +range O +1 O +to O +6 O +s O +. O +From O +the O +pH O +dependence O +of O +the O +rapidly O +formed O +difference O +spectrum O +and O +from O +a O +series O +of O +heme O +ligand O +binding O +studies O +, O +the O +rapid O +phase O +is O +interpreted O +to O +reflect O +a O +localized O +tertiary O +conformational O +change O +which O +immediately O +accompanies O +inositol B-Chemical +hexaphosphate O +binding O +and O +results O +in O +a O +selective O +increase O +in O +spin O +and O +reactivity O +of O +the O +beta O +chain O +heme O +groups O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Minimum O +doses O +of O +these O +beta O +- O +blockers O +required O +to O +cause O +a O +pressor O +action O +in O +the O +spinal O +rat O +infused O +with O +adrenaline B-Chemical +were O +in O +the O +following O +order O +; O +practolol O +greater O +than O +alprenolol O +larger O +than O +or O +equal O +to O +propranolol B-Chemical +larger O +than O +or O +equal O +to O +pindolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +concluded O +that O +the O +minimum O +doses O +of O +these O +beta O +- O +blockers O +required O +to O +cause O +a O +pressor O +action O +and O +the O +magnitude O +of O +the O +pressor O +action O +induced O +by O +the O +beta O +- O +blockers O +in O +the O +spinal O +rat O +infused O +with O +adrenaline B-Chemical +could O +be O +used O +to O +compare O +their O +beta O +- O +blocking O +activities O +and O +that O +practolol O +, O +a O +cardioselective O +beta O +- O +blocker O +, O +seems O +to O +block O +not O +only O +cardiac O +beta O +- O +receptor O +but O +to O +some O +extent O +also O +peripheral O +vascular O +beta O +- O +receptors O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Dopamine B-Chemical +dilates O +pupils O +, O +does O +not O +dilate O +bronchi O +, O +and O +does O +not O +shunt O +blood O +from O +viscera O +to O +skeletal O +muscles O +as O +does O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Certain O +indicators O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +and O +histidine O +metabolism O +in O +chronic O +coronary O +insufficiency O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +drug O +accumulates O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +in O +the O +myocardium O +and O +increases O +the O +activity O +of O +phosphorilase O +- O +a O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +has O +been O +demonstrated O +that O +the O +study O +of O +the O +activity O +of O +5 O +' O +- O +nucleotidase O +and O +adenosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +desaminase I-Chemical +permits O +to O +interpret O +the O +metabolism O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +therapeutic O +effect O +of O +Obsidan O +is O +not O +conditioned O +by O +the O +" O +adenosine B-Chemical +" O +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +accumulation O +was O +negligible O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Toxic O +properties O +of O +regenerated O +water O +containing O +methyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +the O +characteristics O +of O +the O +immobilized O +and O +solubilized O +glyceraldehyde O +phosphate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +of O +human O +erythrocyte O +membranes O +. O + +aps B-category +Influence O +of O +ionophores O +which O +bind O +calcium B-Chemical +on O +the O +release O +of O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +from O +synaptosomes O +. O + +aps B-category +Regulatory O +function O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +and O +the O +mitochondrion O +in O +lipogenesis O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +urinary O +potassium B-Chemical +levels O +were O +of O +interest O +because O +at O +the O +three O +conditions O +( O +weigh O +- O +in O +, O +before O +the O +first O +match O +, O +after O +competition O +) O +they O +were O +73 O +- O +182 O +% O +higher O +than O +values O +reported O +for O +high O +school O +students O +who O +were O +nonwrestlers O +. O + +aps B-category +Articular O +inflammation O +in O +patients O +with O +transient O +polyarthritis O +responded O +in O +three O +to O +seven O +days O +to O +aspirin B-Chemical +, O +acetominophen O +and O +/ O +or O +bedrest O +alone O +and O +rashes O +disappeared O +spontaneously O +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +evidence O +for O +aldosterone B-Chemical +action O +on O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +diphosphoglycerate O +level O +in O +human O +red O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +red O +cell O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +diphosphoglycerate O +( O +DPG O +) O +concentration O +before O +and O +throughout O +immersion O +period O +was O +positively O +correlated O +both O +with O +aldosterone B-Chemical +excretion O +in O +2 O +hr O +pooled O +urine O +( O +r O += O ++ O +0 O +. O +69 O +; O +2 O +p O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +and O +with O +renin O +activity O +( O +r O += O ++ O +0 O +. O +54 O +; O +2p O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +despite O +a O +concomitant O +increase O +of O +cubital O +venous O +pH O +and O +inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +acidophila O +, O +and O +Rhodomicrobium O +vanniellii O +grow O +on O +media O +containing O +ethanol B-Chemical +, O +n O +- O +propanol O +, O +and O +n O +- O +butanol O +. O + +aps B-category +acidophila O +is O +active O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +PMS O +and O +ammonium B-Chemical +ions O +. 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O +KIV O +, O +alpha O +- O +keto O +- O +beta O +- O +methylvaleric O +acid O +( O +KMV O +) O +, O +KIC O +and O +KC O +raised O +the O +production O +their O +corresponding O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +by O +islet O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Norepinephrine B-Chemical +reward O +pathways O +: O +role O +of O +self O +- O +stimulation O +, O +memory O +consolidation O +, O +and O +schizophrenia O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +suggest O +that O +the O +hybrid O +is O +formed O +by O +the O +same O +mechanism O +in O +the O +absence O +and O +presence O +of O +the O +urea B-Chemical +step O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +hypothalamic O +neurotransmitter O +uptake O +following O +pinealectomy O +, O +superior O +cervical O +ganglionectomy O +or O +melatonin B-Chemical +administration O +to O +rats O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +suggest O +that O +copper B-Chemical +is O +a O +key O +regulator O +of O +lysyl O +oxidase O +activity O +in O +aorta O +and O +may O +in O +fact O +be O +a O +major O +determinant O +of O +the O +steady O +- O +state O +levels O +of O +the O +enzyme O +in O +that O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cellular O +content O +of O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +carboxylase O +[ O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +: O +carbon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +ligase O +( O +ADP O +- O +forming O +) O +, O +EC O +6 O +. O +4 O +. O +1 O +. O +2 O +] O +in O +Saccharomyces O +cerevisiae O +is O +reduced O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +long O +- O +chain O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +to O +the O +culture O +medium O +. 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O + +aps B-category +gamma O +- O +Glutamyl O +cyclotransferase O +and O +the O +enzymes O +required O +for O +glutathione B-Chemical +synthesis O +are O +not O +specifically O +localized O +to O +either O +the O +crypt O +or O +villus O +tip O +cells O +but O +are O +present O +in O +both O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +fasting O +, O +the O +glutathione B-Chemical +concentration O +decreased O +markedly O +in O +both O +villus O +tip O +and O +crypt O +cells O +; O +feeding O +of O +protein O +, O +but O +not O +of O +sucrose B-Chemical +, O +led O +to O +increased O +glutathione B-Chemical +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +high O +degree O +of O +electrical O +excitability O +was O +found O +in O +these O +cells O +, O +but O +there O +was O +no O +clear O +correlation O +of O +this O +property O +with O +the O +level O +of O +induction O +of O +either O +acetylcholinesterase O +( O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +hydrolase O +; O +EC O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +. O +7 O +) O +or O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +[ O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +, O +tetrahydropteridine O +: O +oxygen B-Chemical +oxidoreductase O +( O +3 O +- O +hydroxylating O +) O +; O +EC O +1 O +. O +14 O +. O +16 O +. O +2 O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Fast O +reaction O +techniques O +were O +used O +to O +study O +the O +kinetics O +of O +protein O +fluorescence O +intensity O +changes O +that O +are O +associated O +with O +the O +reactions O +of O +unadenylylated O +Escherichia O +coli O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +[ O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +: O +ammonia B-Chemical +ligase O +( O +ADP O +- O +forming O +) O +, O +EC O +6 O +. O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +2 O +] O +with O +its O +substrates O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +forward O +and O +reverse O +rate O +constants O +which O +lead B-Chemical +to O +the O +formation O +and O +consumption O +of O +these O +intermediates O +were O +evaluated O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +events O +lead B-Chemical +to O +a O +volume O +expansion O +of O +the O +total O +system O +, O +and O +the O +system O +becomes O +reactive O +to O +a O +pressure O +which O +reverses O +the O +anesthesia O +by O +shifting O +the O +equilibrium O +to O +the O +nonanesthetized O +original O +volume O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclic O +nucleotide B-Chemical +metabolism O +was O +investigated O +in O +growing O +kidneys O +of O +rats O +during O +compensatory O +hypertrophy O +and O +during O +neonatal O +development O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +cyclic O +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +guanosine B-Chemical +monophosphate O +( O +cGMP B-Chemical +) O +showed O +a O +sharp O +decline O +to O +20 O +% O +of O +control O +at O +15 O +min O +and O +a O +rapid O +rise O +to O +200 O +- O +300 O +% O +above O +base O +- O +line O +at O +1 O +- O +72 O +hr O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +change O +was O +observed O +in O +total O +cGMP B-Chemical +phosphodiesterase O +( O +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +cyclic I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nucleotide I-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +nucleotidohydrolase O +; O +EC O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +4 O +. O +17 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +indicate O +that O +compensatory O +renal O +hypertrophy O +and O +neonatal O +kidney O +growth O +are O +associated O +with O +changes O +in O +cAMP B-Chemical +and O +cGMP B-Chemical +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +Hormonal O +regulation O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesis O +in O +adipose O +tissue O +through O +changes O +in O +the O +activities O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +( O +EC O +1 O +. O +2 O +. O +4 O +. O +1 O +) O +and O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +carboxylase O +( O +EC O +6 O +. O +4 O +. O +1 O +. O +2 O +) O +. 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O +The O +apparent O +enthalpy O +change O +delta O +H O +at O +the O +transition O +temperature O +( O +t O += O +50 O +degrees O +C O +) O +is O +about O +34 O +Kcal O +, O +heat O +capacity O +delta O +Cp O +about O +1 O +. O +75 O +Kcal O +, O +and O +apparent O +entrophy O +change O +deltaS O +100 O +e O +. O +u O +. O + +aps B-category +Attenuation O +of O +the O +euphoriant O +and O +activating O +effects O +of O +d O +- O +and O +l B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +by O +lithium B-Chemical +carbonate I-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Amphetamine I-Chemical +was O +2 O +to O +2 O +. O +3 O +- O +fold O +more O +effective O +in O +producing O +activation O +, O +euphoria O +, O +and O +antidepressant B-Chemical +effects O +than O +the O +same O +dose O +of O +l B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +healthy O +, O +closed O +- O +chest O +dogs O +, O +dose O +- O +dependent O +depression O +of O +ventricular O +function O +was O +produced O +by O +the O +anesthetics O +halothane B-Chemical +, O +methoxyflurane B-Chemical +, O +and O +fluroxene O +, O +as O +evidence O +by O +decreases O +in O +left O +venticular O +stroke O +volume O +, O +stroke O +work O +, O +dP O +/ O +dt O +, O +and O +an O +increased O +enddiastolic O +pressure O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +change O +in O +myocardial O +lactate B-Chemical +extraction O +with O +halothane B-Chemical +and O +methoxyflurane B-Chemical +, O +suggesting O +that O +myocardial O +oxygenation O +was O +adequate O +in O +spite O +of O +the O +decrease O +in O +blood O +flow O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hemodynamic O +effects O +of O +halothane B-Chemical +and O +methoxyflurane B-Chemical +are O +similar O +to O +those O +previously O +reported O +in O +man O +, O +but O +those O +of O +fluroxene O +are O +different O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +aneurysms O +and O +other O +morphologically O +defined O +cardiac O +lesions O +were O +produced O +in O +frogs O +by O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +( O +IPR O +) O +as O +previously O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Therapeutic O +indications O +and O +side O +effects O +of O +beta O +- O +blocking O +agents O +and O +verapamil B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Mean O +triglyceride B-Chemical +concentrations O +were O +raised O +from O +130 O +to O +1454 O +mg O +/ O +100 O +ml O +without O +statistically O +significant O +change O +in O +arterial O +oxygen B-Chemical +tension O +, O +oxygen B-Chemical +saturation O +, O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +tension O +, O +or O +pH O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +also O +found O +that O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +was O +always O +more O +easily O +transferred O +than O +oxygen B-Chemical +, O +so O +that O +oxygen B-Chemical +transfer O +capcity O +was O +the O +limiting O +factor O +in O +the O +use O +of O +the O +oxygenator O +. O + +aps B-category +Directionally O +sensitive O +ganglion O +cells O +in O +rabbit O +retina O +lose O +their O +directional O +sensitivity O +when O +picrotoxin B-Chemical +, O +an O +antagonist O +of O +the O +inhibitory O +neurotransmitter O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +is O +infused O +into O +the O +retinal O +blood O +supply O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +receptive O +field O +types O +are O +affected O +by O +strychnine B-Chemical +but O +not O +picrotoxin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Dopamine B-Chemical +beta O +- O +hydroxylase O +activity O +was O +higher O +in O +mesenteric O +vessels O +, O +adrenal O +glands O +, O +and O +serum O +of O +3 O +- O +week O +- O +old O +spontaneously O +hypertensive O +rats O +but O +lower O +in O +the O +locus O +coeruleus O +than O +it O +was O +in O +the O +control O +Wistar O +- O +Kyoto O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Previous O +human O +studies O +have O +shown O +that O +drinking O +tea O +during O +meals O +significantly O +inhibits O +the O +absorption O +of O +both O +food O +iron B-Chemical +and O +medicinal O +iron B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +molar O +ratio O +of O +tannin O +: O +iron B-Chemical +is O +dependent O +on O +the O +pH O +, O +being O +1 O +: O +1 O +at O +pH O +2 O +, O +0 O +2 O +: O +1 O +at O +pH O +5 O +, O +5 O +and O +3 O +: O +1 O +at O +pH O +8 O +, O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +investigation O +into O +the O +hepatic O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +catalysed O +metabolism O +of O +the O +anaesthetic O +fluroxene O +( O +2 O +, O +2 O +, O +2 O +- O +trifluoroethyl O +vinyl O +ether B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +it O +is O +elevated O +levels O +of O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +which O +potentiate O +the O +toxicity O +of O +fluroxene O +anaesthesia O +in O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +treated O +animals O +and O +that O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +448 O +does O +not O +bind O +or O +metabolize O +fluroxene O +. O + +aps B-category +Red O +cell O +2 O +, O +3 O +DPG O +levels O +were O +increased O +in O +the O +anemia O +of O +iron B-Chemical +deficiency O +and O +were O +normal O +in O +the O +rabbits O +with O +chronic O +phenylhydrazine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +anemia O +at O +the O +time O +of O +wound O +excision O +but O +were O +low O +following O +phynylhydrazine O +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +stimulating O +and O +blocking O +agents O +on O +the O +adrenaline B-Chemical +response O +and O +adenyl O +cyclase O +activity O +of O +leukocyte O +in O +monkey O +and O +human O +being O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +leukocyte O +adenyl O +cyclase O +from O +patients O +with O +coronary O +heart O +disease O +also O +decreased O +after O +oral O +medication O +with O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +intact O +circulation O +, O +the O +vasodilation O +is O +masked O +by O +release O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +which O +constrict O +the O +pulmonary O +blood O +vessels O +. O + +aps B-category +Estrogens B-Chemical +and O +cyclic O +AMP O +have O +also O +an O +inhibitory O +action O +on O +the O +oxidation O +of O +C21 O +steroids B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +" O +Adsorbtion O +" O +of O +the O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +on O +bovine O +serum O +albumin O +partially O +reactivates O +the O +delta5 O +- O +3beta O +HSDH O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +enzyme O +: O +substrate O +ratio O +is O +1 O +: O +50 O +hydrolysis O +proceeds O +most O +intensively O +; O +with O +a O +decrease O +in O +the O +ratio O +up O +to O +1 O +: O +1000 O +the O +average O +amount O +of O +peptides O +increase O +from O +2 O +. O +6 O +up O +to O +4 O +amino B-Chemical +acidic O +residua O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Within O +the O +pH O +range O +of O +5 O +. O +0 O +- O +11 O +. O +0 O +the O +maximal O +amount O +of O +alpha O +- O +NH2 O +- O +groups O +and O +hydroxyproline B-Chemical +is O +observed O +at O +pH O +8 O +. O +5 O +, O +the O +minimal O +- O +- O +at O +PH O +5 O +. O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +6 O +- O +hour O +hydrolysis O +the O +solved O +part O +of O +the O +system O +contains O +about O +30 O +% O +of O +alanine B-Chemical +and O +8 O +. O +9 O +and O +6 O +% O +of O +glycine B-Chemical +, O +proline O +and O +hydroxyproline B-Chemical +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +the O +presence O +of O +Mg2 O ++ O +the O +enzyme O +activity O +is O +inhibited O +by O +ions O +Cd2 O ++ O +, O +Zn2 O ++ O +, O +f O +- O +, O +Be2 O ++ O +, O +Cu2 O ++ O +, O +Mn2 O ++ O +, O +Ca2 O ++ O +, O +MoO42 O +- O +, O +Fe3 O ++ O +, O +Fe2 O ++ O +, O +inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +as O +well O +as O +by O +EDTA O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Abuse O +of O +lorazepam B-Chemical +( O +Temesta O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +different O +dilutions O +with O +heparin B-Chemical +solutions O +or O +saline O +on O +blood O +PCO2 O +, O +pH O +and O +standard O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +was O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +all O +other O +renal O +disorders O +only O +the O +sixteen O +malignant O +tumors O +of O +the O +kidney O +showed O +a O +significant O +drop O +of O +gamma O +- O +GT O +in O +tumor O +tissue O +and O +urine O +. O + +aps B-category +Along O +with O +pH O +the O +alkali B-Chemical +reserve O +also O +dropped O +to O +37 O +. O +9 O +in O +the O +first O +month O +and O +14 O +. O +20 O +in O +the O +fifth O +month O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Within O +a O +day O +after O +hypophisectomy O +D O +- O +cycloserine O +did O +not O +cause O +the O +induction O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +in O +rat O +liver O +tissue O +; O +to O +the O +contrary O +, O +the O +dimer O +of O +D O +- O +cycloserine O +caused O +induction O +of O +the O +enzyme O +, O +comparable O +to O +the O +ACTH B-Chemical +effect O +, O +in O +liver O +tissue O +of O +hypophisectomized O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +oxidation O +of O +NADP O +. O +H2 O +estimation O +of O +the O +rate O +of O +electron O +transfer O +reactions O +was O +carried O +out O +by O +monitoring O +of O +velocity O +of O +O2 O +absorption O +in O +presence O +of O +EDTA O +( O +inhibitor O +of O +the O +reaction O +of O +peroxidation O +) O +because O +about O +50 O +% O +of O +the O +total O +oxygen B-Chemical +were O +utilized O +only O +in O +the O +process O +where O +NADP O +. O +H2 O +was O +oxidized O +. O + +aps B-category +Single O +administration O +of O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +or O +insulin O +into O +rats O +( O +body O +weight O +200 O +g O +) O +and O +also O +combined O +treatment O +of O +the O +animals O +with O +the O +hormones O +at O +large O +doses O +caused O +a O +distinct O +increase O +in O +activities O +of O +anode O +and O +cathode O +isoenzymes O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ketoglutarate I-Chemical +transaminase O +in O +soluble O +fraction O +; O +total O +activity O +of O +the O +enzyme O +was O +also O +increased O +in O +mitochondria O +of O +rat O +liver O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +lactate B-Chemical +and O +pyruvate B-Chemical +content O +in O +the O +arterial O +blood O +and O +CSF O +of O +24 O +patients O +operated O +on O +the O +brain O +under O +fluothane O +anesthesia O +with O +artificial O +ventilation O +of O +the O +lungs O +was O +measured O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +increased O +concentration O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +and O +pyruvate B-Chemical +in O +the O +cerebrospinal O +fluid O +was O +not O +attended O +by O +accumulation O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +excess O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +dogs O +with O +elaborated O +rhythmic O +and O +mozaic O +stereotypes O +of O +secretory O +and O +motor O +situational O +conditioned O +reflexes O +specific O +features O +were O +revealed O +in O +the O +action O +of O +some O +neurotropic O +drugs O +( O +amizyl O +, O +amedine O +, O +diphacil O +, O +pediphene O +, O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +and O +sodium B-Chemical +oxybutyrate O +) O +on O +preparatory O +( O +latent O +) O +conditions O +of O +excitation O +and O +inhibition O +, O +appearing O +in O +the O +stabilized O +systems O +of O +reflexes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activity O +determination O +of O +glutathione B-Chemical +: O +dehydroascorbic O +acid O +oxidoreductase O +was O +based O +on O +these O +observations O +by O +a O +photometric O +measurement O +of O +the O +ascorbic O +acid O +resulting O +from O +the O +catalysis O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +different O +days O +at O +exactly O +determined O +times O +of O +drug O +administration O +blood O +, O +and O +on O +the O +day O +of O +synovectomy O +synovial O +fluid O +and O +synovial O +tissue O +, O +were O +taken O +and O +frozen O +to O +- O +70 O +degrees O +C O +and O +subsequently O +examined O +as O +to O +the O +content O +of O +salicylate B-Chemical +, O +paracetamol B-Chemical +, O +and O +unchanged O +benorylate O +. O + +aps B-category +Benorylate O +can O +probably O +penetrate O +into O +the O +synovial O +membrane O +like O +its O +metabolites O +salicylate B-Chemical +and O +paracetamol B-Chemical +; O +it O +remains O +, O +however O +, O +to O +be O +examined O +whether O +the O +metabolites O +are O +distributed O +differently O +in O +different O +synovial O +areas O +( O +active O +inflamed O +and O +unattacked O +synovial O +tissue O +, O +respectively O +) O +in O +the O +same O +way O +as O +benorylate O +per O +se O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Rate O +of O +distribution O +of O +pulse O +wave O +in O +patients O +with O +II O +- O +A O +stage O +hypertensive O +disease O +treated O +with O +artificial O +iodo B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bromide I-Chemical +baths O +under O +conditions O +of O +medium O +( O +Cholpon O +- O +Ata O +health O +resort O +) O +and O +low O +( O +city O +of O +Frunze O +) O +altitudes O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +An O +experimental O +study O +of O +the O +spectrum O +of O +individual O +psychotropic O +activity O +of O +clozapine B-Chemical +( O +Leponex O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Pyruvate O +kinase O +from O +ascites O +tumour O +cells O +can O +be O +eluted O +from O +phosphocellulose O +by O +very O +low O +concentrations O +of O +phosphoenolpyruvate O +, O +fructose O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +bisphosphate O +, O +adenosine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +diphosphate O +and O +pyrophosphate O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +specific O +activity O +of O +420 O +for O +an O +almost O +homogeneous O +preparation O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +from O +ascites O +tumour O +cells O +has O +maximally O +been O +obtained O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cytoplasmatic O +( O +c O +) O +and O +mitochondrial O +( O +m O +) O +GOT O +showed O +temperature O +- O +dependent O +differences O +in O +the O +half O +- O +saturation O +constants O +for O +the O +substrates O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +and O +2 O +- O +oxoglutarate O +. O + +aps B-category +Heparin B-Chemical +( O +10 O +000 O +IE O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +) O +, O +cyproheptadine B-Chemical +( O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +v O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +content O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E I-Chemical +of O +the O +inflamed O +paws O +was O +increased O +threefold O +in O +both O +phases O +of O +arthritis O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +with O +neuraminidase O +decreased O +the O +activity O +of O +Na O ++ O +, O +K O ++ O +- O +activated O +Mg2 O ++ O +- B-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +triphosphatase O +in O +plasma O +membranes O +isolated O +from O +experimental O +granulation O +tissue O +but O +not O +that O +of O +5 O +' O +- O +nucleotidase O +or O +leucine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +naphthylamidase I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +marker O +enzymes O +of O +plasma O +membranes O +were O +not O +affected O +by O +additions O +of O +hyaluronate B-Chemical +, O +chondroitin B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +, O +protein O +polysaccharide O +or O +soluble O +collagen O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +side O +effects O +, O +8 O +for O +Mequitazine O +, O +5 O +for O +placebo O +, O +are O +mild O +and O +did O +not O +lead B-Chemical +to O +discontinuation O +of O +the O +treatment O +in O +the O +Mequitazine O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +patients O +treated O +with O +200 O +mug O +and O +300 O +mug O +beclomethasone B-Chemical +dipropionate I-Chemical +a O +day O +there O +was O +a O +moderate O +decrease O +in O +nasal O +symptom O +scores O +and O +in O +use O +of O +antihistamine O +tablets O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +tissue O +contents O +of O +phosphocreatine O +, O +ATP O +, O +ADP O +, O +AMP O +and O +lactate B-Chemical +were O +measured O +in O +hypothermic O +animals O +at O +PaCO2 O +values O +of O +15 O +, O +30 O +and O +60 O +mm O +Hg O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +study O +was O +made O +of O +the O +changes O +taking O +place O +under O +the O +effect O +of O +BCO O +in O +the O +normal O +animal O +, O +in O +animals O +in O +a O +haemorrhagic O +state O +, O +after O +pharmacological O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +blockade O +, O +haemorrhage O +after O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +blockade O +, O +retransfusion O +of O +blood O ++ O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +blocking O +agent O +and O +after O +local O +application O +of O +0 O +. O +01 O +papaverine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +phentolamine B-Chemical +, O +papaverine B-Chemical +, O +theophyline O +and O +Ca O ++ O ++ O +, O +administered O +in O +different O +combinations O +of O +their O +threshold O +doses O +, O +on O +the O +relaxing O +effect O +of O +adrenaline B-Chemical +was O +studied O +on O +an O +isolated O +segment O +of O +proximal O +jejunum O +of O +male O +cats O +. O + +aps B-category +Papaverine O +potentiated O +the O +relaxinf O +effects O +of O +adrenaline B-Chemical +both O +when O +administered O +alone O +and O +in O +combination O +with O +propranolol B-Chemical +or O +with O +phentolamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +interpretation O +of O +the O +results O +obtained O +leads O +to O +the O +fundamental O +conclusions O +that O +the O +relaxing O +effect O +of O +adrenaline B-Chemical +on O +cat O +jejunum O +is O +more O +alpha O +- O +than O +beta O +- O +adrenergically O +determined O +and O +that O +the O +system O +of O +the O +cyclic O +AMP O +participates O +in O +its O +realization O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +quantitative O +comparison O +of O +this O +technique O +with O +the O +convention O +polyethylene B-Chemical +glycol I-Chemical +method O +revealed O +no O +significant O +difference O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Kinetics O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +nitrite I-Chemical +decomposition O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +distribution O +and O +classification O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +receptors O +in O +mammalian O +and O +avian O +tissues O +have O +been O +summarized O +in O +Tables O +1 O +- O +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pharmacological O +receptors O +mediating O +mepyramine O +- O +sensitive O +histamine B-Chemical +responses O +have O +been O +defined O +as O +H1 O +- O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Histamine B-Chemical +responses O +mediated O +via O +H2 O +- O +receptors O +seem O +to O +involve O +the O +adenylcyclase O +system O +resulting O +in O +elevation O +of O +intracellular O +cyclic O +- O +AMP O +level O +, O +which O +is O +susceptible O +to O +burimamide O +blockade O +but O +insensitive O +to O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blocking O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +these O +tissues O +, O +histamine B-Chemical +receptors O +play O +an O +important O +role O +in O +physiological O +, O +immunological O +and O +immunopathological O +processes O +. O + +aps B-category +Histamine B-Chemical +receptors O +also O +appear O +to O +play O +and O +important O +role O +in O +the O +development O +of O +immuno O +- O +competence O +and O +immunity O +. O + +aps B-category +Sera O +from O +rabbits O +immunized O +with O +L O +- O +16 O +measles O +virus O +absorded O +with O +monkey O +blood O +cells O +; O +kaolin O +and O +blood O +cells O +; O +and O +MnCl2 O +and O +heparin B-Chemical +were O +examined O +in O +haemagglutination O +inhibition O +( O +HI O +) O +and O +neutralization O +tests O +. O + +aps B-category +Correlation O +between O +molecular O +size O +and O +interferon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +inducing O +activity O +of O +poly O +I O +: O +C O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +showed O +that O +( O +1 O +) O +poly O +I O +: O +C O +molecules O +0 O +. O +1 O +- O +0 O +. O +3 O +nm O +long O +were O +the O +most O +effective O +for O +interferon B-Chemical +induction O +; O +( O +2 O +) O +sonication O +of O +poly O +I O +: O +C O +reduced O +its O +molecular O +length O +and O +also O +the O +interferon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +inducing I-Chemical +activity O +, O +the O +degree O +of O +reduction O +varying O +in O +different O +fractions O +; O +and O +( O +3 O +) O +the O +interferon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +inducing I-Chemical +activity O +of O +poly O +I O +: O +C O +of O +0 O +. O +1 O +- O +0 O +. O +3 O +nm O +obtained O +by O +sucrose B-Chemical +density O +gradient O +centrifugation O +was O +higher O +than O +that O +poly O +I O +: O +C O +of O +corresponding O +length O +prepared O +by O +sonication O +. O + +aps B-category +Precipitation O +of O +phase O +I O +antigen O +of O +Coxiella O +burnetii O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +sulfite O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +analysis O +of O +the O +essence O +of O +the O +" O +oncogene O +position O +effect O +" O +from O +this O +standpoint O +shows O +that O +an O +integration O +, O +similar O +in O +its O +mechanism O +but O +differing O +in O +polarity O +, O +of O +the O +genome O +of O +other O +viruses O +with O +the O +cell O +genome O +should O +lead B-Chemical +to O +the O +formation O +of O +a O +corresponding O +antiviral O +stable O +( O +life O +- O +long O +) O +immunity O +or O +also O +to O +the O +emergence O +of O +pseudoautoimmune O +disease O +of O +the O +type O +caused O +by O +" O +slow O +" O +viruses O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +most O +patients O +were O +receiving O +several O +drugs O +, O +Mellaril B-Chemical +( O +thioridazine B-Chemical +) O +appeared O +to O +be O +responsible O +for O +five O +cases O +of O +ventricular O +tachycardia O +, O +one O +of O +which O +was O +fatal O +in O +a O +35 O +year O +old O +woman O +. O + +aps B-category +Aventyl B-Chemical +( O +nortriptyline B-Chemical +) O +and O +Elavil B-Chemical +( O +amitriptyline B-Chemical +) O +each O +produced O +left O +bundle O +branch O +block O +in O +a O +73 O +year O +old O +woman O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +prospective O +clinical O +trial O +is O +suggested O +to O +quantify O +the O +risk O +of O +cardiac O +complications O +to O +patients O +receiving O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +or O +tricyclic O +antidepressant B-Chemical +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Thirty O +- O +four O +patients O +with O +life O +- O +threatening O +childhood O +status O +asthmaticus O +were O +treated O +with O +intravenous O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +infusions O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +evaluate O +responses O +to O +medical O +therapy O +in O +ulcerative O +colitis O +, O +rectal O +biopsies O +of O +patients O +with O +active O +untreated O +disease O +, O +individuals O +with O +positive O +and O +negative O +sigmoidoscopic O +findings O +treated O +with O +salicylazosulfapyridine O +, O +prednisone B-Chemical +and O +6 O +- O +mercaptopurine O +, O +alone O +and O +in O +combinations O +and O +noncolitis O +controls O +were O +compared O +histologically O +. O + +aps B-category +Rapid O +infusion O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +bicarbonate I-Chemical +and O +albumin O +into O +high O +- O +risk O +premature O +infants O +soon O +after O +birth O +: O +a O +controlled O +, O +prospective O +trial O +. O + +aps B-category +per O +kilogram O +of O +a O +solution O +containing O +either O +( O +A O +) O +glucose B-Chemical +in O +water O +, O +( O +B O +) O +salt B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +poor I-Chemical +albumin O +, O +( O +C O +) O +NaHCO3 B-Chemical +, O +or O +( O +D O +) O +a O +combination O +of O +albumin O +and O +NaHCO3 B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +managed O +them O +supportively O +with O +warmth O +, O +appropriate O +oxygen B-Chemical +administration O +, O +isotonic O +fluid O +infusion O +, O +and O +close O +monitoring O +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +babies O +who O +received O +no O +alkali B-Chemical +, O +RDS O +occurred O +in O +11 O +of O +27 O +, O +5 O +died O +, O +and O +none O +had O +intracranial O +hemorrhage O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +net O +gain O +could O +not O +be O +mimicked O +by O +epinephrine B-Chemical +administration O +or O +blocked O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +and O +was O +absent O +in O +the O +beating O +rat O +septum O +and O +the O +quiescent O +rabbit O +septum O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +nitrate B-Chemical +loading O +on O +electrolyte O +transport O +by O +the O +renal O +tubule O +. O + +aps B-category +Maximal O +levels O +of O +free O +water O +clearance O +/ O +clomerular O +filtration O +rate O +( O +CH2O O +/ O +GFR O +) O +averaged O +8 O +. O +4 O +% O +with O +nitrate B-Chemical +loading O +and O +14 O +. O +4 O +% O +with O +saline O +loading O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +administration O +of O +these O +agents O +resulted O +in O +an O +increase O +in O +fractional O +sodium B-Chemical +excretion O +( O +CNa O +/ O +GFR O +) O +of O +21 O +. O +1 O +% O +, O +urinary O +sodium B-Chemical +excretion O +( O +UNaV O +) O +of O +1 O +, O +126 O +mueq O +/ O +min O +, O +and O +urinary O +chloride B-Chemical +excretion O +( O +UClV O +) O +of O +848 O +mueq O +/ O +min O +during O +nitrate B-Chemical +loading O +compared O +with O +an O +increase O +in O +CNa O +/ O +GFR O +of O +37 O +. O +6 O +% O +, O +UNaV O +of O +2 O +, O +362 O +mueq O +/ O +min O +, O +and O +UClV O +of O +2 O +, O +397 O +mueq O +/ O +min O +during O +saline O +loading O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +every O +level O +of O +UNaV O +, O +fractional O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +reabsorption O +was O +higher O +, O +urine O +pH O +was O +lower O +, O +and O +urinary O +potassium B-Chemical +excretion O +( O +UKV O +) O +was O +higher O +in O +the O +nitrate B-Chemical +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +higher O +hydrogen B-Chemical +and O +potassium B-Chemical +secretion O +in O +the O +nitrate B-Chemical +studies O +may O +be O +consequent O +to O +the O +decreased O +ability O +of O +the O +distal O +nephron O +to O +reabsorb O +chloride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +calculate O +that O +, O +were O +the O +rate O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +to O +increase O +significantly O +as O +a O +result O +of O +secretory O +stimulation O +, O +the O +tissue O +would O +now O +be O +oxygen B-Chemical +limited O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +infer O +that O +the O +rate O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +did O +not O +rise O +significantly O +when O +acid O +secretion O +was O +increased O +by O +supplying O +sufficient O +CO2 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +disappearance O +of O +acid O +or O +alkali B-Chemical +from O +the O +mucosal O +solution O +of O +short O +- O +circuited O +tissue O +was O +measured O +with O +a O +pH O +stat O +while O +the O +serosal O +pH O +was O +kept O +at O +7 O +. O +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +Gut O +sacs O +of O +rabbit O +duodenum O +in O +vitro O +and O +in O +vivo O +showed O +a O +positive O +correlation O +between O +acid O +disposal O +and O +the O +rate O +of O +luminal B-Chemical +CO2 O +production O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effect O +of O +combined O +use O +of O +steroid B-Chemical +preparations O +with O +pyrroxane O +on O +the O +gonadotropic O +function O +of O +the O +hypophysis O +] O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Dopamine B-Chemical +and O +epinine O +caused O +a O +dose O +- O +related O +fall O +in O +basal O +LES O +muscle O +tension O +and O +in O +amplitude O +of O +EB O +muscle O +" O +off O +" O +responses O +. O + +aps B-category +Tetrodotoxin O +10 O +( O +- O +7 O +) O +M O +abolished O +the O +responses O +to O +electrical O +field O +stimulation O +but O +did O +not O +antagonize O +the O +effects O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +epinine O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +unlikely O +that O +dopamine B-Chemical +is O +involved O +in O +responses O +to O +electrical O +field O +stimulation O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduction O +of O +blood O +platelet O +monoamine O +oxidase O +activity O +in O +schizophrenic O +patients O +on O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +with O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +caused O +significant O +reduction O +of O +blood O +platelet O +MAO O +activity O +, O +while O +platelet O +serotonin B-Chemical +content O +and O +platelet O +count O +appeared O +to O +be O +not O +affected O +by O +the O +drug O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +experimental O +models O +respond O +similarily O +to O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +or O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylcholanthrene I-Chemical +pretreatment O +of O +the O +animals O +and O +to O +various O +of O +the O +wellknown O +inhibitors O +of O +drug O +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +free O +phenols B-Chemical +, O +tend O +to O +accumulate O +intracellularly O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Histamine B-Chemical +derivatives O +methylated O +at O +the O +imidazole O +nucleus O +were O +also O +deaminated O +, O +whereas O +Nalpha O +- O +methylhistamine O +was O +only O +a O +poor O +substrate O +and O +Nalpha O +, O +Nalpha O +- O +dimethylhistamine O +was O +not O +a O +substrate O +at O +all O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +diamine O +oxidase O +deaminated O +putrescine O +( O +Km O += O +1 O +. O +3 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +) O +and O +histamine B-Chemical +( O +Km O += O +6 O +. O +6 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +, O +but O +not O +serotonin B-Chemical +, O +and O +was O +inhibited O +by O +aminoguanidine B-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +by O +pargyline O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +concluded O +that O +in O +dog O +small O +intestine O +( O +as O +well O +as O +in O +rabbit O +small O +intestine O +) O +only O +diamine O +oxidase O +was O +capable O +of O +inactivating O +histamine B-Chemical +by O +oxidative O +deamination O +. O + +aps B-category +1 O +) O +Glucose B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +from O +Bacillus O +megaterium O +has O +been O +purified O +to O +a O +specific O +activity O +of O +550 O +U O +per O +mg O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +4 O +) O +In O +the O +presence O +of O +0 O +. O +1 O +% O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecylsulfate O +and O +8M O +urea B-Chemical +, O +the O +enzyme O +dissociates O +into O +subunits O +with O +a O +molecular O +weight O +of O +30000 O +as O +determined O +by O +dodecylsulfate O +gel O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +limiting O +Michaelis O +constant O +at O +pH O +9 O +. O +0 O +for O +NAD O +is O +4 O +. O +5 O +mM O +and O +47 O +. O +5 O +mM O +for O +glucose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +is O +insensitive O +to O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +group O +inhibitors O +, O +heavy O +metal O +ions O +and O +chelating O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +V O +. O +Characterization O +of O +testosterone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +17 I-Chemical +beta O +- O +dehydrogenase O +and O +its O +induction O +by O +steroids B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +dehydrogenizes O +testosterone B-Chemical +with O +Km O += O +13muM O +and O +estradiol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +17beta I-Chemical +with O +Km O += O +21muM O +to O +the O +corresponding O +17 O +- O +ketoderivatives O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +optimum O +temperature O +is O +at O +45 O +degrees O +C O +. O +If O +Streptomyces O +hydrogenans O +is O +cultivated O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +steroids B-Chemical +, O +the O +specific O +activity O +of O +testosterone B-Chemical +17beta O +- O +dehydrogenase O +in O +the O +cytosol O +of O +the O +microorganisms O +amounts O +to O +10 O +mU O +/ O +mg O +protein O +, O +and O +increases O +up O +to O +10 O +- O +fold O +if O +the O +cells O +are O +cultivated O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +certain O +steroids B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +for O +the O +first O +time O +, O +the O +ability O +of O +estradiol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +17beta I-Chemical +to O +induce O +an O +enzyme O +synthesis O +in O +a O +microorganism O +is O +shown O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyproterone O +, O +however O +, O +does O +not O +decrease O +the O +testosterone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +enzyme O +induction O +of O +testosterone B-Chemical +17beta O +- O +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +result O +is O +in O +good O +agreement O +with O +the O +value O +found O +earlier O +[ O +1 O +] O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecylsulfate O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +Valine O +was O +found O +as O +the O +unique O +N O +- O +terminal O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stability O +of O +the O +bond O +between O +phosphate B-Chemical +and O +protein O +acceptor O +showed O +the O +characteristics O +of O +seryl O +- O +or O +threonylphosphate O +. O + +aps B-category +Associated O +with O +protein O +kinase O +II O +and O +III O +activity O +was O +the O +ability O +to O +bind O +labeled O +cAMP B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +tryptophan B-Chemical +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +dioxygenase O +of O +the O +blowfly O +, O +Protophormia O +terrae O +- O +novae O +: O +partial O +purification O +and O +characterization O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Other O +factors O +must O +be O +involved O +, O +however O +, O +since O +there O +are O +differences O +between O +the O +two O +strains O +as O +regards O +their O +survival O +in O +glucose B-Chemical +broth O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +and O +three O +different O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blocking O +agents O +on O +blood O +eosinophilia O +was O +evaluated O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Sotalol B-Chemical +, O +a O +beta O +- O +blocker O +which O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +propranolol B-Chemical +does O +not O +penetrate O +the O +blood O +- O +brain O +barrier O +, O +did O +not O +affect O +the O +eosinophil O +count O +when O +injected O +intraperitoneally O +, O +but O +produced O +a O +marked O +increase O +in O +number O +of O +circulating O +eosinophils O +following O +intracerebroventricular O +injection O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +probable O +one O +is O +the O +chlorination O +of O +the O +protein O +terminal O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +, O +followed O +by O +the O +breakdown O +of O +the O +N O +- O +chloramine O +so O +formed O +into O +alpha O +- O +ketocarboxylic O +acid O +, O +nitrile O +or O +aldehyde B-Chemical +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +dbcAMP O +and O +theophylline B-Chemical +on O +rat O +adrenal O +medulla O +grown O +in O +tissue O +culture O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +theophylline B-Chemical +is O +known O +to O +enhance O +intracellular O +levels O +of O +cAMP B-Chemical +only O +, O +these O +effects O +are O +probably O +due O +to O +the O +action O +of O +cAMP B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Improved O +histological O +localization O +of O +GABA B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +transaminase I-Chemical +activity O +in O +rat O +cerebellar O +cortex O +after O +aldehyde B-Chemical +fixation O +. O + +aps B-category +Results O +from O +the O +improved O +technique O +have O +shown O +new O +sites O +of O +GABA B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +transaminase I-Chemical +activity O +in O +cerebellar O +cortex O +. O + +aps B-category +From O +120 O +to O +148 O +days O +of O +gestation O +the O +rate O +of O +fluid O +production O +was O +4 O +. O +5 O +ml O +/ O +kg O +per O +h O +, O +and O +there O +was O +no O +change O +in O +mean O +fluid O +sodium B-Chemical +( O +147 O +. O +8 O +meq O +/ O +1 O +) O +, O +chloride B-Chemical +( O +153 O +. O +1 O +meq O +/ O +1 O +) O +, O +calcium B-Chemical +( O +2 O +. O +2 O +mg O +/ O +100 O +ml O +) O +, O +and O +pH O +( O +6 O +. O +23 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Hydrogen O +ion O +concentration O +and O +oxygen B-Chemical +uptake O +in O +an O +isolated O +canine O +hindlimb O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxygen O +, O +nitrogen B-Chemical +, O +and O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +( O +CO2 O +) O +gas O +flows O +to O +the O +membrane O +lung O +were O +independently O +regulated O +to O +provide O +a O +fixed O +arterial O +oxygen B-Chemical +content O +( O +CaO2 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +a O +pH O +below O +7 O +. O +4 O +, O +lactate B-Chemical +was O +not O +produced O +. O + +aps B-category +Method O +for O +measuring O +hepatic O +uptake O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +or O +other O +blood O +- O +borne O +substances O +in O +situ O +. O + +aps B-category +100 O +g O +- O +1 O +of O +tissue O +, O +representing O +54 O +% O +of O +total O +oxygen B-Chemical +removed O +by O +the O +splanchnic O +bed O +. O + +aps B-category +Eight O +organophosphate B-Chemical +pesticides O +and O +2 O +phthalate O +acid O +esters O +that O +hydrolyze O +to O +phenols B-Chemical +or O +phthalic O +acid O +were O +evaluated O +as O +potential O +interferences O +and O +were O +found O +not O +to O +interfere O +with O +any O +of O +the O +carbamates O +tested O +. O + +aps B-category +Collaborative O +study O +of O +the O +Food O +Chemicals O +Codex O +method O +for O +the O +determination O +of O +the O +neutralizing O +value O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +aluminum B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +AOAC O +method O +for O +determining O +the O +neutralizing O +value O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +acid O +pyrophosphate O +, O +sec O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ligand O +was O +a O +mixture O +of O +oligopeptides O +( O +mainly O +di O +- O +and O +tripeptides O +) O +containing O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +as O +carboxyl O +termini O +, O +and O +was O +obtained O +from O +a O +tryptic O +digest O +of O +protamine O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +1 O +) O +For O +ferrous O +alkylated O +cytochrome O +c O +, O +a O +Raman O +line O +sensitive O +to O +the O +replacement O +of O +an O +axial O +ligand O +of O +the O +heme O +iron B-Chemical +uas O +found O +around O +1540 O +cm O += O +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +two O +axial O +ligands O +of O +the O +heme O +iron B-Chemical +in O +cytochrome O +c3 O +might O +be O +histidines O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +pigment O +which O +shows O +an O +absorption O +peak O +at O +about O +450 O +nm O +in O +the O +reduced O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +difference O +spectrum O +was O +purified O +from O +the O +microsomal O +fraction O +of O +yeast O +grown O +anaerobically O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +mixture O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +and O +water O +( O +4 O +: O +1 O +, O +v O +/ O +v O +) O +at O +pH O +7 O +, O +ubiquinone O +- O +10 O +and O +rhodoquinone O +had O +half O +- O +wave O +potentials O +( O +E1 O +/ O +2 O +) O +OF O ++ O +43 O +MV O +and O +- O +63 O +mV O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Cultivation O +in O +the O +metal O +- O +deficient O +medium O +had O +essentially O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +levels O +of O +cytochromes O +in O +the O +particulate O +fraction O +, O +but O +dramatically O +decreased O +the O +non O +- O +heme O +iron B-Chemical +content O +and O +the O +amount O +of O +a O +high O +- O +spin O +ferric O +species O +exhibiting O +an O +ESR O +signal O +at O +g O += O +4 O +. O +3 O +. O + +aps B-category +Carboxyl O +groups O +of O +native O +human O +fibrinogen O +were O +modified O +with O +glycine B-Chemical +methyl O +ester O +and O +1 O +- O +ethyl O +- O +3 O +( O +3 O +- O +dimethylaminopropyl O +) O +carbodiimide O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibitor O +I O +lacks O +both O +tyrosine B-Chemical +and O +tryptophan B-Chemical +residues O +. O + +aps B-category +Characterization O +and O +mechanisms O +of O +inhibition O +by O +silver B-Chemical +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Km O +values O +of O +Ag O ++ O +- O +inactivated O +enzyme O +for O +NADH O +and O +oxaloacetate B-Chemical +were O +the O +same O +as O +those O +of O +the O +native O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +new O +double O +- O +headed O +protease O +inhibitors O +from O +black O +- O +eyed O +peas O +have O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +compositions O +typical O +of O +the O +low O +molecular O +weight O +protease O +inhibitors O +from O +legume O +seeds O +. O + +aps B-category +Black O +- O +eyed O +pea O +trypsin O +inhibitor O +( O +BEPTI O +) O +contains O +no O +tryptophan B-Chemical +, O +1 O +tyrosine B-Chemical +, O +and O +14 O +half O +- O +cystines O +out O +of O +75 O +residues O +per O +monomer O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Salmonella O +typhimurium O +LT2 O +concentrates O +radioactivity O +intracellularly O +from O +[ O +3H O +] O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +or O +[ O +3H O +] O +pyridoxine B-Chemical +up O +to O +25 O +times O +the O +external O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Km O +values O +for O +uptake O +of O +pyridoxine B-Chemical +and O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +are O +2 O +. O +0 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +7 O +) O +M O +and O +1 O +. O +2 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +7 O +) O +M O +, O +respectively O +; O +[ O +3H O +] O +pyridoxamine O +is O +not O +transported O +. O + +aps B-category +S O +. O +typhimurium O +also O +appears O +to O +lack O +a O +periplasmic O +binding O +protein O +for O +vitamin B-Chemical +B6 I-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +total O +lipid O +and O +cholesterol B-Chemical +were O +significantly O +higher O +than O +the O +levels O +in O +the O +control O +chicks O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +a O +significant O +increase O +in O +the O +hepatic O +citrate B-Chemical +cleavage O +enzyme O +activity O +among O +chicks O +fed O +100 O +ppm O +vanadium O +, O +whereas O +, O +there O +was O +no O +significant O +change O +in O +acetate O +thiokinase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +turnover O +rate O +of O +plasma O +cholesterol B-Chemical +determined O +by O +administering O +[ O +4 O +- O +14C O +] O +cholesterol B-Chemical +and O +periodically O +measuring O +the O +specific O +activity O +of O +plasma O +cholesterol B-Chemical +was O +higher O +in O +chicks O +fed O +vanadium O +than O +in O +those O +fed O +the O +basal O +diet O +. O + +aps B-category +Combined O +treatment O +of O +iproniazid O +with O +tryptophan B-Chemical +resulted O +in O +a O +significantly O +greater O +anorexic O +action O +whilst O +tryptophan B-Chemical +alone O +had O +no O +effect O +on O +food O +consumption O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +anorexic O +action O +of O +the O +iproniazid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +combination O +was O +antagonized O +in O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +fashion O +by O +methysergide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +suggest O +a O +common O +role O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +in O +the O +inhibition O +of O +eating O +behaviour O +in O +fasting O +rats O +when O +anorexia O +is O +induced O +by O +iproniazid O +, O +fenfluramine B-Chemical +or O +mazindol B-Chemical +, O +sensitive O +to O +a O +specific O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +antagonist O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +p I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +( O +alpha O +MpT O +) O +- O +induced O +diminution O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +in O +the O +hypothalamus O +and O +the O +rest O +of O +the O +brain O +was O +attenuated O +in O +pair O +- O +fed O +animals O +, O +but O +restored O +in O +guinea O +- O +pigs O +deficient O +in O +ascorbic O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +of O +the O +heart O +exhibited O +a O +similar O +tendency O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cerebral O +content O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +showed O +a O +decrease O +in O +pair O +- O +fed O +as O +well O +as O +in O +ascorbic O +acid O +deficient O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +an O +aldosterone B-Chemical +antagonist O +on O +the O +protective O +action O +of O +carbenoxolone O +on O +the O +gastric O +mucosal O +barrier O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +net O +fluxes O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +ion O +were O +measured O +before O +, O +during O +, O +and O +after O +contact O +with O +a O +10 O +mM O +bile B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +solution O +at O +pH O +2 O +, O +in O +pouches O +which O +had O +not O +been O +treated O +with O +drugs O +, O +in O +pouches O +treated O +with O +carbenoxolone O +sodium B-Chemical +and O +in O +pouches O +treated O +with O +both O +carbenoxolone O +sodium B-Chemical +and O +the O +aldosterone B-Chemical +antagonist O +, O +spironolactone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +to O +the O +pouches O +of O +either O +carbenoxolone O +sodium B-Chemical +alone O +or O +carbenoxolone O +sodium B-Chemical +and O +spironolactone B-Chemical +reduced O +the O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +back O +diffusion O +after O +exposure O +to O +the O +bile B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +solution O +. O + +aps B-category +Carbenoxolone O +did O +not O +change O +the O +increased O +sodium B-Chemical +ion O +diffusion O +caused O +by O +bile O +. O + +aps B-category +Twelve O +male O +Lister O +hooded O +rats O +were O +conditioned O +to O +discriminate O +an O +8 O +kHz O +tone O +( O +56 O +. O +5 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +5 O +dB O +re O +0 O +. O +0002 O +dyne O +cm O +- O +2 O +) O +and O +were O +subsequently O +injected O +subcutaneously O +with O +kanamycin B-Chemical +( O +400 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +day O +- O +1 O +) O +for O +28 O +days O +; O +during O +this O +time O +and O +for O +five O +weeks O +after O +dosage O +was O +stopped O +, O +the O +nature O +and O +extent O +of O +the O +resultant O +hearing O +deficits O +were O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +onset O +of O +hearing O +impairment O +( O +reduced O +discrimination O +performance O +) O +, O +which O +was O +gradual O +in O +some O +rats O +and O +sudden O +in O +others O +, O +generally O +occurred O +during O +the O +fourth O +week O +of O +kanamycin B-Chemical +dosage O +although O +the O +earliest O +onset O +was O +towards O +the O +end O +of O +the O +second O +week O +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +rats O +showed O +a O +reduced O +discrimination O +performance O +at O +a O +time O +when O +their O +Preyer O +reflex O +threshold O +showed O +no O +elevation O +suggesting O +that O +kanamycin B-Chemical +, O +at O +least O +initially O +, O +caused O +a O +threshold O +elevation O +rather O +than O +reduced O +sensitivity O +to O +intense O +sounds O +. O + +aps B-category +Therapeutic O +serum O +concentrations O +of O +codeine B-Chemical +can O +be O +virtually O +completely O +extracted O +and O +obtained O +sufficiently O +concentrated O +for O +g O +. O +c O +. O + +aps B-category +Brain O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +jumping O +behaviour O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +catechol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +O I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyltransferase I-Chemical +inhibitors O +on O +brain O +apomorphine B-Chemical +concentrations O +and O +stereotyped O +behaviour O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Placental O +transfer O +of O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Interference O +by O +mepacrine O +with O +the O +storage O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +in O +blood O +platelets O +. O + +aps B-category +Identification O +of O +diastereomeric O +propranolol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +O I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucuronides I-Chemical +by O +gas O +chromatography O +- O +mass O +spectrometry O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +The O +chemical O +stability O +of O +polyvinyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +The O +effects O +of O +amantadine B-Chemical +, O +tranylcypromine B-Chemical +, O +amphetamine B-Chemical +and O +tyramine O +on O +the O +response O +of O +the O +rat O +anococcygeus O +muscle O +after O +bretylium O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +Methylamphetamine O +withdrawal O +as O +a O +model O +for O +the O +depressive O +state O +: O +antagonism O +of O +post B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +depression O +by O +imipramine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +Duration O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +' O +s O +effect O +on O +human O +platelet O +aggregation O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +Interactions O +of O +chlorinated O +phenols B-Chemical +with O +bacterial O +phosphatidylethonalamine O +monolayers O +in O +relation O +to O +antibacterial O +action O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +The O +non O +- O +selectivity O +of O +some O +pharmacopoeial O +assays O +of O +digoxin B-Chemical +injections O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +A O +possible O +interaction O +between O +the O +24H O +rhythms O +in O +catecholamine B-Chemical +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +concentration O +in O +the O +rat O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +R O +- O +Factor O +conferred O +ability O +to O +mutate O +to O +trimethoprim B-Chemical +resistance O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +Bacterial O +degradation O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +benzamidosalicylate O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +In O +situ O +fusion O +and O +granulation O +of O +a O +chlorpromaide B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +urea I-Chemical +solid O +solution O +for O +compressed O +tablets O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +The O +effects O +of O +some O +bis B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +quaternary I-Chemical +ammonium I-Chemical +compounds O +on O +choline B-Chemical +acetyltransferase O +, O +cholinesterase O +and O +the O +cholinergic O +receptor O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +An O +investigation O +of O +the O +rat O +in O +situ O +absorption O +model O +using O +practolol O +and O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +Incompatibility O +of O +non O +- O +ionic O +surfactants O +with O +phenols B-Chemical +in O +relation O +to O +binding O +constants O +and O +cloud O +points O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +Influence O +of O +a O +mucin O +model O +system O +upon O +the O +bioavailability O +of O +phenylbutazone B-Chemical +and O +warfarin B-Chemical +sodium B-Chemical +from O +the O +small O +intestine O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +Nicotine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +' O +- O +N O +- O +oxide O +from O +species O +of O +Nicotiana O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +acute O +alterations O +of O +plasma O +sodium B-Chemical +concentration O +( O +PNa O +) O +on O +renal O +sodium B-Chemical +excretion O +( O +UNaV O +) O +was O +investigated O +by O +three O +types O +of O +experiments O +on O +anaesthetized O +dogs O +: O +( O +a O +) O +A O +local O +increase O +in O +PNa O +at O +one O +kidney O +was O +produced O +by O +infusion O +of O +hypertonic O +saline O +directly O +into O +its O +artery O +while O +systemic O +levels O +of O +PNa O +were O +stabilized O +by O +haemodialysis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +were O +contrasted O +with O +those O +observed O +after O +similar O +exchanges O +, O +but O +using O +dextran B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +in I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +saline I-Chemical +solution O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +three O +types O +of O +experiment O +suggest O +a O +dependence O +of O +UNaV O +on O +PNa O +Analysis O +demonstrated O +that O +this O +relationship O +was O +not O +due O +to O +contemporary O +changes O +in O +: O +packed O +cell O +volume O +; O +plasma O +solids O +concentration O +; O +plasma O +potassium B-Chemical +concentration O +; O +blood O +pressure O +or O +plasma O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fall O +in O +UNaV O +at O +low O +levels O +of O +PNa O +could O +be O +attributed O +to O +a O +fall O +in O +glomerular O +filtration O +rate O +( O +GFR O +) O +, O +but O +the O +progressive O +rise O +in O +UNaV O +seen O +as O +PNa O +exceeded O +150 O +m O +- O +mole O +1 O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +occurred O +despite O +a O +fall O +in O +GFR O +and O +no O +apparent O +change O +in O +the O +mean O +filtered O +load O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +Suppression O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +leucocytosis O +by O +metiamide O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +1 O +- O +N O +- O +Methylisoasparagine O +, O +8 O +- O +isoleucine O +] O +- O +( O +I O +) O +, O +[ O +1 O +- O +sarcosine O +, O +4 O +- O +N O +- O +methyltyrosine O +, O +8 O +- O +isoleucine O +] O +- O +( O +II O +) O +, O +[ O +1 O +- O +sarcosine O +, O +5 O +- O +N O +- O +methylisoleucine O +, O +8 O +- O +isoleucine O +] O +- O +( O +III O +) O +, O +[ O +1 O +- O +sarcosine O +, O +8 O +- O +N O +- O +methylisoleucine O +] O +- O +( O +IV O +) O +, O +[ O +1 O +- O +sarcosine8k O +- O +N O +- O +methylisoleucine O +, O +8 O +- O +N O +- O +methylisoleucine O +] O +- O +( O +V O +) O +, O +[ O +1 O +- O +sarcosine O +, O +8 O +- O +O O +- O +methylthreonine O +] O +- O +( O +VI O +) O +, O +[ O +1 O +- O +sarcosine O +, O +8 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methionine I-Chemical +] O +- O +( O +VII O +) O +, O +and O +[ O +1 O +- O +sarcosine O +, O +8 O +- O +serine O +] O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +( O +VIII O +) O +, O +synthesized O +by O +Merrifield O +' O +s O +solid O +- O +phase O +procedure O +, O +possess O +respectively O +0 O +. O +8 O +, O +0 O +. O +3 O +, O +0 O +. O +5 O +, O +1 O +. O +0 O +, O +0 O +. O +0 O +, O +0 O +. O +5 O +, O +3 O +. O +7 O +, O +and O +0 O +. O +7 O +% O +pressor O +activity O +of O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +( O +vagotomized O +, O +ganglion O +- O +blocked O +rats O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Dose O +ratios O +( O +ratio O +of O +ED20 O +of O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +during O +infusion O +of O +the O +antagonist O +and O +before O +infusion O +of O +the O +antagonist O +) O +in O +vagotomized O +, O +ganglion O +- O +blocked O +rats O +, O +infused O +at O +250 O +ng O +/ O +kg O +/ O +min O +, O +were O +33 O +. O +43 O +, O +2 O +. O +14 O +, O +3 O +. O +26 O +, O +2 O +. O +99 O +, O +0 O +. O +62 O +, O +62 O +. O +52 O +, O +incalculable O +, O +and O +11 O +. O +15 O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +the O +exception O +of O +[ O +Sar1 O +, O +Thr O +( O +ObetaMe O +) O +8 O +] O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +, O +which O +gave O +lower O +antagonistic O +properties O +, O +all O +other O +analogs O +had O +either O +similar O +antagonistic O +properties O +or O +were O +better O +antagonists O +in O +adrenal O +medulla O +than O +in O +smooth O +muscle O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +series O +of O +3 O +- O +substituted O +5 O +, O +7 O +- O +dihydroxypyrazolo O +[ O +1 O +, O +5 O +- O +alpha O +] O +pyrimidines O +containing O +various O +aromatic O +[ O +phenyl O +- O +( O +3e O +) O +, O +3 O +- O +pyridyl O +- O +( O +3f O +) O +, O +p O +- O +bromophenyl O +- O +( O +3g O +) O +, O +p O +- O +chlorophenyl O +- O +( O +3h O +) O +, O +p O +- O +acetamidophenyl O +- O +( O +3i O +) O +, O +p O +- O +tolyl O +- O +( O +3j O +) O +, O +m O +- O +tolyl O +- O +( O +3k O +) O +, O +3 O +, O +4 O +- O +methylenedioxyphenyl O +- O +( O +3m O +) O +, O +or O +naphthyl O +- O +( O +3n O +) O +] O +or O +nonaromatic O +[ O +hydrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( O +3a O +) O +, O +nitro O +- O +( O +3b O +) O +, O +bromo O +- O +( O +3c O +) O +, O +or O +chloro O +- O +( O +3d O +) O +] O +substituents O +in O +the O +3 O +position O +was O +synthesized O +and O +tested O +as O +inhibitors O +of O +xanthine B-Chemical +oxidase O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +inhibitors O +of O +xanthine B-Chemical +oxidase O +, O +3e O +- O +n O +greater O +than O +3a O +, O +c O +, O +d O +congruent O +to O +allopurinol B-Chemical +greater O +than O +3b O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +study O +of O +the O +pH O +dependence O +of O +xanthine B-Chemical +oxidase O +inhibition O +by O +3a O +, O +e O +, O +g O +and O +allopurinol B-Chemical +indicated O +that O +the O +3 O +- O +aryl O +substituents O +facilitated O +binding O +to O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Partially O +purified O +rabbit O +liver O +UDPglucuronosyltransferase O +is O +immobilized O +on O +agarose O +by O +the O +cyanogen O +bromide B-Chemical +activation O +method O +. O + +aps B-category +Similar O +stimulatory O +and O +inhibitory O +effects O +of O +external O +K O +were O +also O +observed O +in O +intact O +cells O +after O +exposure O +to O +Pb O ++ O ++ O +or O +to O +Ca O ++ O ++ O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +fluoride B-Chemical +, O +iodoacetate O +plus O +adenosine B-Chemical +, O +or O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +suggesting O +that O +a O +common O +K O ++ O +- O +activated O +K O ++ O +- O +specific O +transfer O +system O +may O +be O +involved O +under O +all O +of O +these O +various O +circumstances O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +fluoride B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +poisoned I-Chemical +intact O +cells O +, O +the O +Ca O ++ O ++ O +- O +K O ++ O +stimulated O +flux O +passes O +through O +a O +maximum O +around O +pH O +6 O +. O +8 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +potassium B-Chemical +ion O +concentration O +gradient O +gives O +rise O +to O +a O +transmembrane O +potential O +of O +the O +order O +of O +40 O +mV O +per O +10 O +- O +fold O +concentration O +gradient O +with O +the O +side O +of O +the O +higher O +potassium B-Chemical +concentration O +negative O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +low O +potassium B-Chemical +ion O +concentrations O +the O +hydrogen B-Chemical +potential O +has O +the O +expected O +polarity O +with O +the O +solution O +having O +higher O +concentration O +of O +protons O +negative O +. O + +aps B-category +Subunit O +composition O +, O +x O +- O +ray O +diffraction O +, O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +analysis O +and O +oxygen B-Chemical +binding O +behaviour O +of O +Panulirus O +interruptus O +hemocyanin O +. O + +aps B-category +Aminomalononitrile O +( O +HCN O +trimer O +) O +reacts O +with O +electrophiles O +such O +as O +aldehydes O +and O +acrylonitrile O +under O +very O +mild O +conditions O +of O +temperature O +and O +pH O +to O +produce O +intermediates O +which O +, O +after O +acid O +hydrolysis O +, O +yield O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +the O +exposure O +on O +the O +excretion O +of O +some O +metabolites B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ammonia I-Chemical +, O +acetone O +, O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +, O +phenol B-Chemical +and O +organic O +substances O +measured O +by O +their O +oxidability O +- O +- O +was O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +has O +been O +shown O +experimentally O +that O +a O +30 O +- O +day O +exposure O +of O +white O +rats O +to O +hypokinesia O +and O +moderate O +hyperoxia O +decreases O +elimination O +of O +ammonia B-Chemical +and O +increases O +the O +formation O +and O +release O +into O +an O +enclosed O +atmosphere O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +, O +aldehydes O +and O +ketones O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +glucose B-Chemical +in O +miniature O +swine O +infused O +with O +ethanol B-Chemical +and O +fructose O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +magnitude O +and O +time O +of O +peak O +plasma O +ethanol B-Chemical +concentrations O +were O +functions O +of O +the O +quantity O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +or O +ethanol B-Chemical +and O +fructose O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +reason O +for O +the O +fall O +in O +beta O +- O +hydroxybutyrate O +excretion O +is O +not O +apparent O +, O +though O +it O +was O +associated O +with O +an O +increase O +in O +chloride B-Chemical +excretion O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +half O +of O +the O +animals O +, O +the O +arterial O +lactate B-Chemical +/ O +pyruvate B-Chemical +ratio O +rose O +from O +2 O +. O +5 O +mM O +/ O +0 O +. O +19mM O +to O +20 O +. O +4 O +mM O +/ O +0 O +. O +28 O +mM O +, O +and O +arterial O +pH O +fell O +to O +7 O +. O +16 O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +spontaneous O +lactic O +acidosis O +can O +be O +produced O +in O +diabetic O +, O +but O +not O +in O +normal O +, O +rabbits O +by O +infusion O +of O +beta O +- O +hydroxybutric O +acid O +followed O +by O +infusion O +of O +NaHCO3 B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +various O +nitrogen B-Chemical +sources O +( O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamine I-Chemical +, O +L O +- O +aspartic O +acid O +, O +L O +- O +asparagine O +, O +and O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulphate O +) O +on O +the O +synthetase O +and O +transferase O +activity O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +was O +studied O +in O +Candida O +tropicalis O +. O + +aps B-category +Glutamic O +acid O +or O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulphate O +did O +not O +produce O +any O +considerable O +action O +on O +the O +kinetic O +properties O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +of O +this O +fodder O +yeast O +. O + +aps B-category +Negative O +interaction O +has O +been O +established O +between O +oxygen B-Chemical +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +during O +their O +effect O +on O +the O +production O +of O +glycolic O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +NAD O +( O +P O +) O +H O +is O +utilized O +mainly O +in O +the O +system O +of O +CO2 O +fixation O +; O +the O +process O +is O +inhibited O +by O +fluoroacetate B-Chemical +, O +and O +the O +inhibition O +is O +eliminated O +by O +substrates O +of O +the O +cycle O +of O +carboxylic O +acids O +. O + +aps B-category +Lecithinase O +was O +purified O +by O +salting O +out O +with O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulphate O +( O +75 O +% O +saturation O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Comparative O +characteristics O +of O +formation O +and O +properties O +of O +catalases O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +oxidase O +in O +certain O +species O +of O +fungi O +from O +the O +genus O +Penicillium O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Penicillin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +insensitive I-Chemical +pneumococci O +, O +of O +10 O +serotypes O +, O +which O +had O +been O +isolated O +in O +Australia O +and O +New O +Guinea O +from O +healthy O +carriers O +and O +patients O +with O +pneumococcal O +infections O +, O +were O +shown O +to O +be O +relatively O +resistant O +to O +penicillin B-Chemical +G I-Chemical +, O +penicillin B-Chemical +V O +, O +methicillin B-Chemical +, O +cloxacillin O +, O +cephaloridine O +and O +cephalothin B-Chemical +, O +compared O +with O +pneumococci O +fully O +sensitive O +to O +penicillin B-Chemical +G I-Chemical +. O +Most O +penicillin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +insensitive I-Chemical +pneumococci O +either O +were O +fully O +sensitive O +to O +ampicillin B-Chemical +or O +showed O +a O +slight O +decrease O +in O +sensitivity O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +bacterial O +tests O +, O +the O +minimal O +bactericidal O +concentration O +of O +penicillin B-Chemical +G I-Chemical +either O +equalled O +or O +exceeded O +the O +minimal O +inhibitory O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +Enzyme O +preparations O +from O +oat O +seedlings O +showing O +the O +activity O +of O +myo B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +inositol I-Chemical +oxygenase O +( O +E O +. O +C O +. O +1 O +. O +13 O +. O +99 O +. O +1 O +) O +have O +been O +described O +previously O +. O + +aps B-category +rat O +kidney O +or O +yeast O +, O +the O +oat O +enzyme O +seemed O +to O +exhibit O +a O +somewhat O +less O +stringent O +activity O +, O +acting O +on O +other O +inositols O +and O +inositol B-Chemical +methyl O +ethers O +as O +well O +as O +on O +myo B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +inositol I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +action O +on O +the O +other O +inositols O +and O +inositol B-Chemical +methyl O +ethers O +is O +apparently O +due O +to O +one O +or O +more O +other O +enzymes O +, O +which O +are O +also O +adsorbed O +on O +the O +affinity O +gel O +, O +but O +can O +be O +separated O +from O +the O +myo B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +inositol I-Chemical +oxygenase O +by O +elution O +with O +increasing O +concentrations O +of O +myo B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +inositol I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +pK O +values O +and O +the O +number O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +residues O +were O +determined O +; O +it O +has O +been O +shown O +that O +these O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +moieties O +are O +" O +buried O +" O +in O +the O +protein O +molecule O +. O + +aps B-category +Km O +for O +phosphate B-Chemical +in O +polymeric O +form O +is O +6 O +. O +8 O +- O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +. O +The O +molecular O +weight O +of O +this O +enzyme O +is O +50 O +000 O ++ O +/ O +- O +3000 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +chromatin O +was O +dissolved O +in O +2 O +M O +NaCl B-Chemical +, O +pH O +7 O +, O +and O +reprecipitated O +by O +decreasing O +the O +ionic O +strength O +to O +0 O +. O +4 O +and O +increasing O +pH O +to O +9 O +. O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +group O +with O +pKa O +approximately O +3 O +influenced O +the O +mechanisms O +of O +pepsin O +hydrolysis O +as O +strongly O +as O +in O +the O +case O +of O +pepsin O +catalyzed O +oxygen B-Chemical +isotopic O +exchange O +in O +the O +acyl O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +carboxyl O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +antihistamines O +, O +steroids B-Chemical +and O +disodium O +cromoglycate O +on O +an O +immediate O +hypersensitivity O +reaction O +in O +the O +guinea O +pig O +eye O +are O +described O +in O +terms O +of O +clinical O +observations O +, O +histological O +examinations O +of O +sections O +of O +eyes O +and O +cytological O +studies O +of O +material O +from O +the O +conjunctival O +surface O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +native O +DNA O +as O +substrate O +the O +enzyme O +could O +only O +digest O +the O +DNA O +when O +caffeine B-Chemical +was O +added O +to O +the O +reaction O +mixture O +. O + +aps B-category +Caffeine B-Chemical +was O +also O +found O +to O +affect O +the O +thermal O +stability O +of O +DNA O +, O +resulting O +in O +a O +melting O +profile O +characterized O +by O +two O +transitions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +base O +composition O +of O +the O +mononucleotide O +digests O +suggests O +that O +caffeine B-Chemical +has O +greater O +preference O +for O +interacting O +with O +A O +- O +T O +base O +- O +pairs O +in O +DNA O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +we O +investigated O +the O +antisecretory O +effects O +of O +a O +new O +H2 O +- O +receptor O +antagonist O +, O +cimetidine B-Chemical +, O +in O +200 O +- O +, O +300 O +- O +or O +400 O +- O +mg O +doses O +, O +taken O +orally O +at O +bedtime O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Stability O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +in O +combination O +with O +propoxyphene O +hydrochloride O +and O +propoxyphene O +napsylate O +. O + +aps B-category +Homology O +of O +myosin O +DTNB O +light O +chain O +with O +alkali B-Chemical +light O +chains O +, O +troponin O +C O +and O +parvalbumin O +. O + +aps B-category +Protolytic O +reactions O +coupled O +with O +the O +electron O +transfer O +lead B-Chemical +to O +a O +proton O +translocation O +into O +the O +inner O +space O +of O +the O +thylakoid O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +The O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +of O +the O +brain O +and O +their O +biosynthesis O +( O +review O +of O +the O +current O +literature O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +and O +phenytoin B-Chemical +on O +the O +high O +- O +affinity O +uptake O +of O +the O +putative O +neurotransmitters O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +GABA B-Chemical +) O +, O +glutamate B-Chemical +, O +and O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +was O +examined O +in O +synaptosomes O +prepared O +from O +rat O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Pentobarbital B-Chemical +increased O +the O +uptake O +of O +GABA B-Chemical +twofold O +and O +only O +slightly O +increased O +the O +uptake O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +suggests O +that O +these O +drugs O +may O +limit O +the O +propagation O +of O +seizures O +through O +the O +balance O +of O +excitatory O +glutamate B-Chemical +pathways O +and O +inhibitory O +GABA B-Chemical +and O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +pathways O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +and O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +F2alpha O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +intramuscular O +injection O +of O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +, O +maternal O +plasma O +prolactin O +rose O +1 O +. O +0 O +- O +to O +2 O +. O +5 O +- O +fold O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +all O +except O +one O +boy O +we O +found O +a O +sharp O +increase O +in O +testosterone B-Chemical +after O +HCG O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +Local O +analgesia O +and O +premedication O +with O +Atropine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +contrary O +, O +formation O +of O +a O +2 O +: O +1 O +Sn O +: O +PyP O +complex O +, O +which O +shows O +no O +bone O +affinity O +but O +concentrate O +in O +the O +kidneys O +, O +is O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +independent O +and O +occurs O +even O +at O +very O +low O +pyrophosphate O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +one O +statistically O +significant O +interaction O +found O +was O +that O +in O +which O +phenytoin B-Chemical +dosage O +decreased O +plasma O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +interaction O +was O +detected O +between O +phenytoin B-Chemical +and O +sulthiame O +. O + +aps B-category +Interplexiform O +cells O +of O +the O +mammalian O +retina O +and O +their O +comparison O +with O +catecholamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +containing I-Chemical +retinal O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +0 O +. O +3 O +mug O +intraventricular O +dose O +of O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +, O +which O +is O +one O +- O +thirtieth O +of O +the O +intraperitoneal O +dose O +required O +to O +stimulate O +renin O +release O +, O +induced O +the O +release O +of O +renin O +into O +the O +systemic O +circulation O +. O + +aps B-category +Hypertonic O +saline O +and O +carbachol B-Chemical +suppressed O +renin O +release O +. O + +aps B-category +Hepatic O +sodium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +potassium I-Chemical +exchange O +induced O +by O +adrenomimetic O +amines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +All O +catecholamines B-Chemical +studied O +caused O +the O +initial O +loss O +and O +subsequent O +uptake O +of O +K O ++ O +by O +the O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +the O +predominant O +effect O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +is O +to O +produce O +a O +net O +accumulation O +of O +hepatic O +Na O ++ O +, O +and O +that O +the O +mechanism O +governing O +hepatic O +ion O +movements O +is O +nonadrenergic O +as O +defined O +by O +stimulation O +by O +specific O +adrenergic O +agonists O +and O +inhibition O +by O +specific O +adrenergic O +antagonists O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +lymph O +potassium B-Chemical +concentration O +remained O +the O +same O +, O +the O +lymph O +potassium B-Chemical +content O +increased O +, O +the O +lymph O +pH O +decreased O +, O +and O +the O +lymph O +flow O +increased O +while O +the O +serum O +potassium B-Chemical +and O +pH O +remained O +the O +same O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +1 O +) O +A O +system O +is O +described O +for O +studying O +the O +short O +- O +term O +effects O +of O +agents O +on O +proinsulin O +synthesis O +in O +vitro O +, O +as O +measured O +by O +the O +incorporation O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +leucine B-Chemical +into O +isolated O +proinsulin O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +3 O +) O +The O +adenyl O +cyclase O +system O +participates O +in O +the O +regulation O +of O +proinsulin O +synthesis O +since O +exogenous O +cyclic O +AMP O +, O +glucagon O +, O +and O +caffeine B-Chemical +are O +stimulatory O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +4 O +) O +The O +addition O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +to O +isolated O +rat O +islets O +inhibits O +proinsulin O +and O +Bulk O +Protein O +synthesis O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +it O +is O +concluded O +that O +myocardial O +substrate O +utilization O +shifted O +away O +from O +FFA O +and O +towards O +lactate B-Chemical +during O +anaphylactic O +shock O +and O +these O +changes O +resembled O +those O +observed O +following O +an O +acute O +, O +severe O +hemorrhage O +, O +or O +the O +administration O +of O +E O +. O +coli O +endotoxin O +. O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +utilization O +is O +inhibited O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ion O +loss O +and O +inhibitory O +effects O +of O +salicylic O +acid O +on O +glucose B-Chemical +utilization O +are O +reversed O +by O +washing O +the O +cells O +free O +of O +salicylate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +salicylate B-Chemical +on O +K O ++ O +loss O +in O +yeast O +may O +not O +be O +unique O +for O +this O +compound O +, O +since O +no O +experiments O +of O +this O +nature O +have O +been O +done O +with O +other O +penetrating O +undissociated O +acids O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +similar O +pattern O +of O +prolactin O +was O +observed O +in O +a O +cross O +- O +sectional O +study O +in O +which O +different O +groups O +of O +intact O +animals O +were O +bled O +following O +a O +3 O +- O +min O +period O +of O +ether B-Chemical +exposure O +, O +at O +ages O +ranging O +from O +20 O +to O +70 O +daysmthe O +results O +indicate O +that O +unlike O +FSH O +secretion O +, O +prolactin O +secretion O +is O +not O +controlled O +by O +the O +seminiferous O +tubules O +. O + +aps B-category +Isophthalic O +acid O +, O +5 O +- O +carboxy O +- O +, O +5 O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +, O +5 O +- O +methoxy O +- O +, O +5 O +- O +fluoro O +- O +, O +5 O +- O +bromo O +- O +, O +5 O +- O +cyano O +- O +, O +and O +5 O +- O +methylisophthalic O +acid O +were O +inhibitors O +competitive O +with O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +for O +bovine O +liver O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Comparative O +study O +of O +the O +nonspecific O +pharmacodynamics O +of O +some O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +and O +minor O +tranquilizers O +during O +long O +- O +term O +treatment O +on O +the O +reactivity O +of O +the O +genital O +tract O +] O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Except O +for O +the O +liver O +tissue O +, O +galactose B-Chemical +induced O +galactokinase O +in O +eye O +crystalline O +lens O +; O +the O +enzyme O +activity O +was O +not O +altered O +in O +spleen O +and O +kidney O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +the O +first O +three O +hours O +after O +a O +single O +administration O +of O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +or O +morphine B-Chemical +into O +rats O +a O +marked O +increase O +was O +observed O +in O +the O +activity O +and O +content O +of O +the O +respiratory O +chain O +components O +responsible O +for O +the O +oxidation O +of O +NAD O +- O +H2 O +and O +NADP O +- O +H2 O +in O +liver O +microsomes O +. O + +aps B-category +Activities O +in O +rabbit O +heart O +mitochondria O +of O +acetoacetyl O +- O +CoA O +- O +thyolase O +, O +pyruvate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +, O +acetyl O +CoA O +- O +synthetase O +, O +citrate B-Chemical +synthase O +and O +acetyl O +carnitine O +transferase O +were O +compared O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +myocarditis O +a O +distinct O +decrease O +in O +activities O +of O +the O +acetoacetyl O +- O +CoA O +- O +thyolase O +and O +citrate B-Chemical +synthase O +was O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Induction O +of O +anesthesia O +with O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +in O +emergency O +surgery O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Extensive O +re O +- O +investigations O +with O +regard O +to O +the O +molar O +extinction O +coefficients O +of O +NADH O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +proved O +that O +in O +future O +, O +calculations O +in O +routine O +work O +can O +be O +performed O +with O +the O +following O +much O +more O +accurate O +epsilon O +- O +values O +: O +6 O +. O +15 O +x O +10 O +( O +3 O +) O +1 O +x O +mol O +- O +1 O +x O +cm O +- O +1 O +at O +Hg O +334 O +nm O +( O +NADH O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +) O +, O +6 O +. O +3 O +X O +10 O +( O +3 O +) O +1 O +X O +mol O +- O +1 O +x O +cm O +- O +1 O +at O +340 O +nm O +( O +NADH O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +) O +, O +3 O +. O +4 O +X O +10 O +( O +3 O +) O +1 O +X O +mol O +- O +1 O +X O +Cm O +- O +1 O +( O +NADH O +) O +and O +3 O +. O +5 O +x O +10 O +( O +3 O +) O +1 O +x O +mol O +- O +1 O +x O +cm O +- O +1 O +( O +NADPH B-Chemical +) O +at O +Hg O +365 O +nm O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +5 O +alpha O +- O +reduction O +of O +testosterone B-Chemical +with O +NADPH B-Chemical +or O +with O +NADH O +depends O +upon O +different O +enzymes O +or O +enzyme O +systems O +. O + +aps B-category +Commercially O +available O +columns O +for O +ion O +exchange O +chromatography O +were O +used O +for O +the O +separation O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +in O +urine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fluorescence O +of O +adrenaline B-Chemical +or O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +was O +enhanced O +, O +in O +comparison O +with O +other O +methods O +, O +by O +the O +combined O +application O +of O +boric O +acid O +, O +copper B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ions I-Chemical +, O +mercaptoethanol O +and O +final O +reacidification O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +normal O +values O +, O +determined O +in O +a O +collective O +of O +17 O +healthy O +persons O +, O +were O +adrenaline B-Chemical +( O +x O ++ O +/ O +- O +s O +) O +44 O +. O +8 O ++ O +/ O +- O +16 O +. O +9 O +nmol O +/ O +24 O +h O +and O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +( O +x O ++ O +/ O +- O +s O +) O +224 O +. O +0 O ++ O +/ O +- O +68 O +. O +0 O +nmol O +/ O +24h O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Proceedings O +: O +Testosterone B-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +liver O +microsomes O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Concomitantly O +the O +spontaneous O +and O +stimulated O +activity O +of O +liver O +phosphorylase O +a O +was O +found O +markedly O +reduced O +in O +advanced O +tumour O +cachexia O +, O +the O +extent O +of O +stimulation O +of O +liver O +phosphorylase O +a O +activity O +by O +intracardial O +injections O +of O +epinephrine B-Chemical +not O +being O +altered O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +behavior O +could O +not O +be O +shown O +for O +liver O +alanine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +and O +liver O +fructose O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +di O +- O +phosphatase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +regulation O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +in O +chloroplasts O +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetic O +experiments O +with O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +reveal O +that O +, O +in O +the O +dark O +, O +the O +enzyme O +activity O +is O +strongly O +inhibited O +by O +the O +accumulation O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +non O +- O +Michaelis O +- O +Menten O +- O +type O +kinetics O +suggest O +that O +the O +enzyme O +is O +stringently O +regulated O +by O +the O +ratio O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +to O +NADP O ++ O +plus O +NADPH B-Chemical +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O +, O +the O +" O +reduction O +charge O +" O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +divalent O +salts O +and O +3 O +- O +( O +3 O +, O +4 O +- O +dichlorophenyl O +) O +- O +1 O +, O +1 O +- O +dimethylurea O +( O +DCMU O +) O +upon O +nicotinamide B-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +dinucleotide I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +( O +NADP O +) O +reduction O +and O +P700 O +in O +isolated O +chloroplasts O +are O +described O +and O +compared O +with O +the O +influence O +of O +DCMU O +on O +oxygen B-Chemical +evolution O +and O +P700 O +in O +intact O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Energy O +- O +linked O +pyridine O +nucleotide B-Chemical +transhydrogenase O +activity O +in O +photosynthetically O +grown O +Rhodopseudomonas O +palustris O +. O + +aps B-category +- O +- O +Arsenate O +acts O +as O +an O +inhibitor O +and O +decreases O +preferentially O +the O +acetyl O +- O +coenzyme O +A O +- O +dependent O +and O +the O +acetyl O +phosphate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +driven I-Chemical +reaction O +; O +whereas O +, O +oligomycin O +inhibits O +preferentially O +the O +ATP O +- O +and O +the O +acetyl O +phosphate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +reactions O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Treatment O +of O +acute O +potassium B-Chemical +permanganate O +poisoning O +children O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +have O +been O +made O +on O +substrate O +specificity O +of O +acetylcholinesterase O +( O +AChE O +; O +EC O +3 O +- O +1 O +- O +1 O +- O +7 O +) O +from O +the O +electric O +organ O +of O +the O +ray O +T O +. O +marmorata O +with O +respect O +of O +choline B-Chemical +and O +thiocholine O +esters O +, O +as O +well O +as O +on O +the O +effect O +of O +pH O +, O +salts O +and O +organophosphorus B-Chemical +inhibitors O +( O +OPI O +) O +on O +the O +activity O +of O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +value O +of O +k O +( O +II O +) O +sharply O +decreased O +with O +the O +increase O +in O +the O +size O +of O +the O +acyl O +radicals O +at O +phosphorus B-Chemical +atom O +in O +the O +molecule O +of O +OPI O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activities O +of O +both O +enzymes O +are O +inhibited O +by O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +clinical O +usefulness O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +as O +the O +sole O +drug O +in O +the O +preoperative O +treatment O +of O +thyrotoxicosis O +has O +been O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +of O +these O +showed O +good O +clinical O +response O +to O +propranolol B-Chemical +and O +both O +pre O +- O +and O +postoperative O +periods O +were O +uneventful O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +were O +more O +vascular O +and O +friable O +after O +this O +therapy O +than O +after O +pretreatment O +with O +antithyroid O +drugs O +and O +thyroxine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +treatment O +with O +propranolol B-Chemical +as O +a O +sole O +preoperative O +drug O +might O +be O +used O +as O +an O +alternative O +only O +in O +cases O +where O +conventional O +therapy O +is O +not O +suitable O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +NADH O +as O +cofactor O +there O +was O +a O +preferential O +3alpha O +- O +reduction O +of O +the O +C19 O +- O +and O +C21 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +steroids I-Chemical +and O +a O +preferential O +3beta O +- O +reduction O +of O +the O +C24 O +- O +and O +C27 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +steroids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Type O +A O +showed O +alkali B-Chemical +stable O +and O +acid O +labile O +and O +Type O +B O +showed O +acid O +and O +alkali B-Chemical +stable O +ATPase O +reaction O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +scheme O +for O +the O +mobilization O +and O +transfer O +of O +iron B-Chemical +in O +the O +chicken O +, O +including O +the O +role O +of O +ferroxidase O +, O +phosyitin O +and O +transferrin O +, O +is O +presented O +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +potassium B-Chemical +glutamate B-Chemical +was O +inhibitory O +. O + +aps B-category +Binding O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +and O +the O +interconversion O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +containing I-Chemical +ternary O +complexes O +. O + +aps B-category +Experimental O +results O +show O +the O +presence O +of O +an O +intermediate O +which O +occurs O +immediately O +after O +the O +hydride O +transfer O +step O +, O +but O +before O +the O +dissociation O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +and O +the O +H O ++ O +produced O +by O +the O +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +single O +- O +turnover O +pyruvate B-Chemical +reduction O +by O +pig O +heart O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +at O +pH8 O +. O +0 O +pyruvate B-Chemical +can O +bind O +to O +the O +enzyme O +before O +a O +H O ++ O +is O +taken O +up O +, O +and O +the O +subsequent O +uptake O +of O +a O +H O ++ O +is O +governed O +by O +a O +step O +that O +is O +also O +rate O +- O +limiting O +for O +single O +- O +turnover O +and O +steady O +- O +state O +NADH O +oxidation O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +studies O +on O +single O +- O +turnover O +pyruvate B-Chemical +reduction O +carried O +out O +in O +2H2O O +, O +or O +in O +water O +at O +low O +temperature O +, O +show O +another O +step O +which O +, O +under O +these O +conditions O +, O +is O +slower O +than O +that O +controlling O +H O ++ O +uptake O +and O +rate O +- O +limiting O +for O +NADH O +oxidation O +. O + +aps B-category +Actions O +of O +phenothiazine O +analogues O +on O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +adenylate O +cyclase O +in O +neuronal O +and O +glial O +- O +enriched O +fractions O +from O +rat O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Physico O +- O +chemical O +, O +spectroscopic O +( O +UV O +, O +IR O +, O +NMR O +, O +mass O +) O +, O +chromatographic O +( O +GLC O +, O +TLC O +) O +properties O +and O +synthesis O +of O +1 O +, O +3 O +- O +bis O +( O +2 O +- O +ethylhexyl O +) O +- B-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hexahydropyrimidine I-Chemical +( O +hexetidine O +) O +are O +reported O +and O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Owing O +to O +the O +radicals O +at O +the O +basic O +nitrogen B-Chemical +atoms O +, O +these O +compounds O +should O +exist O +in O +appreciable O +amounts O +both O +as O +base O +and O +as O +diammonium O +ion O +at O +biological O +pH O +' O +s O +. O + +aps B-category +27 O +Sprague O +- O +Dawley O +rats O +were O +anesthetized O +with O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +a O +regression O +analysis O +, O +the O +following O +relationships O +were O +obtained O +: O +1 O +. O +animals O +injected O +with O +potassium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +magnesium I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +pHa O += O +- O +- O +0 O +. O +75 O +log O +PaCO2 O ++ O +8 O +. O +535 O +, O +PHi O += O +- O +- O +0 O +. O +30 O +log O +PaCO2 O ++ O +7 O +. O +509 O +, O +pHi O += O +0 O +. O +41 O +pHa O ++ O +4 O +. O +036 O +; O +2 O +. O +control O +animals O +pHa O += O +- O +- O +0 O +. O +59 O +log O +PaCO2 O ++ O +8 O +. O +308 O +, O +pHi O += O +- O +- O +0 O +. O +27 O +log O +PaCO2 O ++ O +7 O +. O +381 O +, O +pHi O += O +0 O +. O +47 O +pHa O ++ O +3 O +. O +503 O +. O + +aps B-category +Pharmacological O +properties O +of O +2 O +- O +( O +2 O +- O +chloro O +- O +p O +- O +toluidino O +) O +- B-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +imidazoline I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nitrate I-Chemical +( O +tolonidine O +) O +, O +a O +new O +antihypertensive O +agent O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +studies O +of O +diuresis O +, O +liquid O +and O +salt B-Chemical +loss O +were O +observed O +in O +the O +cat O +, O +not O +in O +the O +dog O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +decrease O +in O +the O +release O +of O +cerebral O +amines B-Chemical +, O +serotonin B-Chemical +and O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +by O +tolonidine O +is O +proposed O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +close O +resemblance O +of O +the O +pharmacological O +properties O +of O +tolonidine O +and O +clonidine B-Chemical +was O +established O +due O +to O +the O +chemical O +relationship O +between O +the O +two O +substances O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +findings O +also O +show O +that O +the O +reduction O +of O +the O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +was O +in O +a O +limited O +time O +observed O +only O +in O +patients O +treated O +with O +100 O +mg O +oxytetracycline O +a O +day O +p O +. O +o O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Influence O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +on O +the O +in O +vitro O +and O +in O +vivo O +drug O +release O +from O +some O +sustained O +release O +tablets O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Measurements O +of O +the O +serum O +bilirubin B-Chemical +concentration O +showed O +the O +most O +frequent O +abnormalities O +, O +but O +the O +pseudocholinesterase O +concentration O +decreased O +progressively O +after O +intra O +- O +abdominal O +surgery O +and O +b O +. O +s O +. O +p O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +pH O +changes O +upon O +the O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +properties O +of O +transferrin O +was O +investigated O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +chelating O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +temporary O +reduction O +of O +pH O +provides O +a O +simple O +method O +for O +selectively O +attaching O +iron B-Chemical +to O +one O +metal O +- O +binding O +site O +, O +and O +allows O +double O +isotopic O +labelling O +of O +the O +transferrin O +molecule O +. O + +aps B-category +Creatinine B-Chemical +levels O +were O +measured O +in O +the O +amniotic O +fluid O +in O +five O +of O +these O +patients O +and O +showed O +no O +significant O +change O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +equivalent O +dosages O +, O +nalorphine O +increased O +maternal O +pCO2 O +more O +than O +pethidine B-Chemical +and O +morphine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +solution O +conformation O +of O +bradykinin B-Chemical +and O +certain O +fragments O +. O + +aps B-category +N O +- O +acetyl O +- O +L O +- O +phenylalaninamide O +, O +support O +our O +previous O +conclusion O +( O +Biochemistry O +12 O +, O +3780 O +, O +1973 O +) O +that O +the O +positive O +221 O +- O +nm O +CD O +band O +of O +bradykinin B-Chemical +is O +a O +composite O +of O +bands O +due O +to O +two O +chromophores O +, O +the O +217 O +- O +nm O +band O +characteristic O +of O +the O +Phe O +residues O +overlying O +the O +223 O +- O +nm O +band O +of O +the O +N O +- O +terminal O +sequence O +, O +Arg O +- O +Pro O +- O +Pro O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activation O +of O +ribulose O +- O +1 O +, O +5 O +- O +bisphosphate O +carboxylase O +by O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +and O +magnesium B-Chemical +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +Electron O +paramagnetic O +resonance O +and O +nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +studies O +of O +enzyme O +- O +bound O +manganese O +( O +II O +) O +with O +substrates O +and O +a O +potential O +transition O +- O +state O +analogue O +, O +methionine B-Chemical +sulfoximine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +number O +of O +rapidly O +exchanging O +water O +molecules O +drops O +from O +2 O +to O +approximately O +0 O +. O +1 O +when O +saturating O +concentrations O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methionine I-Chemical +( O +SR O +) O +- O +sulfoximine O +and O +nucleotide B-Chemical +are O +present O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +suggest O +that O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methionine I-Chemical +( O +SR O +) O +- O +sulfoximine O +is O +a O +" O +transition O +- O +state O +" O +analogue O +for O +the O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +reaction O +. 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O +05 O +muM O +) O +, O +and O +o O +- O +phenanthroline O +( O +0 O +. O +1 O +mM O +) O +but O +is O +insensitive O +to O +rifamycin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzymatic O +synthesis O +, O +on O +a O +micromole O +scale O +, O +of O +the O +flavin O +coenzyme O +analogues O +5 O +- O +deazariboflavin O +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +( O +deazaFMN O +) O +and O +5 O +- O +deazariboflavin O +5 O +' O +- O +diphosphate O +, O +5 O +' O +leads O +to O +5 O +' O +adenosine B-Chemical +ester O +( O +deazaFAD O +) O +has O +been O +achieved O +. O + +aps B-category +Similarly O +, O +the O +C O +- O +5 O +position O +of O +the O +deazaflavins O +is O +demonstrated O +to O +be O +the O +locus O +for O +hydrogen B-Chemical +transfer O +in O +deazaflavin O +redox O +reactions O +. O + +aps B-category +Electrofocusing O +and O +kinetic O +studies O +of O +adult O +and O +embryonic O +chicken O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinases O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Hydroxylase O +activity O +was O +inpendent O +upon O +NADPH B-Chemical +( O +neither O +NADH O +nor O +combination O +of O +NADH O +, O +NADP O ++ O +and O +ATP O +served O +as O +substitutes O +) O +and O +O2 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +membrane O +- O +bound O +hydroxylase O +was O +solubilized O +by O +treatment O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +cholate B-Chemical +, O +Renex O +- O +30 O +, O +or O +Lubrol O +- O +WX O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +established O +that O +the O +methionine B-Chemical +residues O +of O +the O +protein O +have O +been O +specifically O +converted O +to O +methionine B-Chemical +sulfoxide O +residues O +. 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O +The O +modified O +protein O +is O +equivalent O +to O +native O +cytochrome O +c O +as O +a O +substrate O +for O +cytochrome O +oxidase O +and O +is O +not O +autoxidizable O +at O +neutral O +pH O +but O +is O +virtually O +inactive O +with O +succinate O +- O +cytochrome O +c O +reductase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +indicators O +bromothymol O +blue O +, O +bromophenol O +blue O +, O +and O +phenol B-Chemical +red O +were O +used O +to O +monitor O +pH O +changes O +associated O +with O +the O +monomer O +- O +dimer O +interaction O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +biochemical O +properties O +of O +the O +electrically O +excitable O +sodium B-Chemical +channels O +in O +the O +electroplaque O +of O +Electrophorus O +electricus O +were O +investigated O +using O +tritiated O +tetrodotoxin O +( O +TTX O +) O +as O +a O +specific O +membrane O +probe O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +of O +the O +membranes O +with O +trimethyloxonium O +tetrafluoroborate O +, O +a O +carboxyl O +group O +modifying O +reagent O +, O +resulted O +in O +an O +irreversible O +loss O +in O +the O +binding O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +TTX O +, O +which O +could O +be O +prevented O +by O +low O +concentrations O +of O +TTX O +or O +saxitoxin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +possible O +role O +for O +this O +site O +in O +the O +ion O +selectivity O +of O +the O +sodium B-Chemical +channel O +is O +proposed O +. O + +aps B-category +Tyrosine O +residues O +in O +A1 O +and O +in O +B O +subunits O +are O +readily O +iodinated O +, O +but O +the O +intact O +B O +assembly O +does O +not O +react O +with O +iodine B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +NADH O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ferredoxin I-Chemical +oxidoreductases O +have O +been O +studied O +in O +Clostridium O +acetobutylicum O +, O +Cl O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +these O +Clostridia O +use O +glycolysis O +, O +regulation O +of O +the O +NADH O +- O +ferredoxin O +oxidoreductase O +by O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +( O +obligatory O +activator O +of O +NADH O +- O +ferroxin O +reductase O +activity O +) O +and O +by O +NADH O +( O +competitive O +inhibitor O +of O +ferredoxin O +- O +NAD O ++ O +reductase O +activity O +) O +allow O +the O +enzymes O +to O +function O +correlatively O +with O +glyceraldehyde B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +and O +thus O +control O +the O +levels O +of O +NAD O ++ O +and O +NADH O +in O +the O +cell O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +third O +group O +the O +initial O +RNS O +increased O +renin O +secretion O +from O +378 O +to O +1 O +, O +802 O +U O +/ O +min O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +025 O +) O +, O +but O +after O +l B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propranolol I-Chemical +was O +given O +RNS O +had O +no O +significant O +effect O +on O +renin O +secretion O +( O +84 O +to O +51 O +U O +/ O +min O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +, O +therefore O +, O +indicate O +that O +renin O +secretion O +can O +be O +stimulated O +through O +intrarenal O +beta O +receptors O +independent O +of O +changes O +in O +systemic O +or O +renal O +hemodynamics O +or O +in O +tubular O +sodium B-Chemical +reabsorption O +. O + +aps B-category +Identification O +and O +characterization O +of O +a O +bile B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +receptor O +in O +isolated O +liver O +surface O +membranes O +. O + +aps B-category +Isolated O +liver O +surface O +membranes O +were O +incubated O +at O +4 O +degrees O +C O +with O +[ O +14C O +] O +cholic O +acid O +and O +[ O +14C O +] O +taurocholic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +and O +membrane O +- O +boudn O +bile B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +was O +separated O +from O +free O +by O +a O +rapid O +ultrafiltration O +technique O +through O +glass O +- O +fiber O +filters O +. O + +aps B-category +Analysis O +of O +equilibrium O +data O +for O +both O +cholic O +and O +taurocholic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +binding O +indicates O +that O +specific O +binding O +is O +saturable O +and O +consistent O +with O +Michaelis O +- O +Menten O +kinetics O +, O +while O +nonspecific O +binding O +is O +nonsaturable O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Such O +binding O +is O +due O +to O +Clq O +and O +is O +only O +partially O +prevented O +by O +heating O +the O +serum O +for O +30 O +min O +at O +56 O +degrees O +C O +, O +but O +10 O +mM O +phosphate B-Chemical +in O +the O +incubation O +mixture O +completely O +prevents O +it O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +none O +of O +10 O +squirrels O +from O +an O +area O +where O +the O +disease O +is O +not O +endemic O +had O +such O +antibodies O +. O + +aps B-category +Preparations O +of O +rat O +lung O +microsomes O +containing O +0 O +. O +030 O +- O +0 O +. O +050 O +nmole O +of O +cytochromes O +P O +- O +450 O +and O +b5 O +per O +mg O +microsomal O +protein O +have O +been O +observed O +to O +contain O +significant O +levels O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +desaturase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Maximal O +activity O +was O +obtained O +with O +the O +0 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +melting O +of O +chromatin O +was O +followed O +in O +5 O +mM O +sodium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cacodylate I-Chemical +buffer O +( O +pH O +7 O +. O +0 O +) O ++ O +1 O +. O +5 O +- O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +EDTA O +containing O +increasing O +concentrations O +of O +urea B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +- O +dependence O +of O +the O +3H O +to O +1H O +exchange O +between O +water O +and O +C O +( O +8 O +) O +H O +groups O +of O +purine B-Chemical +, O +adenine O +, O +9 O +- O +methyladenine O +, O +7 O +- O +methyladenine O +, O +hypoxanthine O +, O +guanine O +, O +xanthine B-Chemical +as O +well O +as O +C O +( O +2 O +) O +H O +groups O +of O +imidazole O +and O +benzimidazole O +was O +studied O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Since O +abnormalities O +in O +the O +renal O +handling O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +and O +water O +in O +both O +the O +proximal O +and O +distal O +tubule O +have O +been O +described O +in O +primary O +hypothyroidism O +, O +this O +study O +was O +undertaken O +to O +examine O +renal O +tubular O +hydrogen B-Chemical +secretion O +in O +this O +disorder O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +26 O +% O +decrease O +in O +GFR O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +005 O +) O +and O +a O +doubling O +in O +fractional O +excretion O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +02 O +) O +were O +observed O +in O +H O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Ammonium O +excretion O +was O +28 O +% O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +lower O +in O +H O +than O +in O +C O +. O +The O +defect O +in O +urine O +acidification O +in O +H O +was O +only O +partially O +corrected O +after O +5 O +days O +on O +a O +low O +sodium B-Chemical +diet O +and O +DOCA B-Chemical +administration O +for O +2 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pA2 O +of O +various O +beta O +- O +blocking O +agents O +were O +determined O +on O +isolated O +organs O +- O +guinea O +pig O +atrium O +and O +trachea O +: O +practolol O +and O +acebutolol O +were O +considered O +as O +specific O +beta O +- O +1 O +inhibitors O +; O +butoxamine O +was O +a O +specific O +beta O +- O +2 O +inhibitor O +, O +while O +pindolol B-Chemical +, O +oxprenolol B-Chemical +, O +propranolol B-Chemical +and O +alprenolol O +were O +specificity O +free O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +intravenous O +infusion O +of O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +( O +1 O +mug O +/ O +kg O +/ O +mn O +during O +4 O +h O +) O +elicited O +a O +rise O +in O +serum O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +( O +FFA O +) O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +in O +anaesthetised O +cats O +. O + +aps B-category +Propranolol B-Chemical +was O +roughly O +equipotent O +on O +FFA O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Blood O +glucose B-Chemical +concentration O +was O +not O +changed O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +oral O +dose O +of O +acebutolol O +( O +300 O +mg O +) O +largely O +suppressed O +the O +lipolytic O +effect O +of O +the O +2nd O +and O +3rd O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +infusions O +, O +the O +degrees O +of O +inhibition O +being O +70 O +p O +. O +cent O +and O +85 O +p O +. O +cent O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +The O +effect O +of O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +and O +insulin O +on O +the O +activity O +and O +isoenzymes O +of O +typrosine O +- O +alpha O +- O +ketoglutarate O +transaminase O +in O +the O +ctyostructures O +of O +the O +livers O +of O +rats O +of O +different O +ages O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +caused O +a O +more O +pronounced O +elevation O +of O +the O +total O +tyrosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ketoglutaric I-Chemical +transaminase O +activity O +in O +the O +hepatic O +mitochondria O +of O +young O +rats O +than O +in O +adult O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +simultaneous O +injection O +of O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +and O +insulin O +to O +the O +sexaully O +mature O +male O +rats O +caused O +the O +same O +increase O +in O +the O +tyrosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ketoglutaric I-Chemical +transaminase O +activity O +in O +the O +hepatic O +mitochondria O +as O +after O +the O +administration O +of O +glucocorticosteriod O +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +Adenylate O +cyclase O +[ O +ATP O +pyrophosphate O +- O +lyase O +( O +cyclizing O +) O +, O +EC O +4 O +. O +6 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +] O +activity O +of O +purified O +secretory O +vesicle O +membranes O +from O +the O +adrenal O +medulla O +is O +inhibited O +by O +I B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +isoproterenol I-Chemical +and O +I B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +epinephrine I-Chemical +, O +as O +well O +as O +by O +nerve O +growth O +factor O +( O +NGF O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +dopamine B-Chemical +nor O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +had O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Propranolol B-Chemical +was O +also O +found O +to O +block O +the O +NGF O +- O +induced O +inhibition O +of O +cyclase O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +dietary O +vitamin B-Chemical +D I-Chemical +and O +calcium B-Chemical +on O +lysyl O +oxidase O +activity O +in O +chick O +bone O +metaphyses O +. O + +aps B-category +Enzyme O +activities O +were O +increased O +twofold O +in O +D O +- O +deficient O +chicks O +compared O +to O +activities O +from O +chicks O +receiving O +control O +levels O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +D I-Chemical +. O +Addition O +of O +Ca O +to O +the O +D O +- O +deficient O +diet O +had O +no O +effect O +on O +lysyl O +oxidase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Myocardial O +slices O +from O +the O +left O +ventricle O +of O +cat O +hearts O +were O +incubated O +in O +Krebs O +- O +Henseleit O +buffer O +containing O +10 O +mM O +glucose B-Chemical +which O +were O +gassed O +with O +95 O +% O +O2 O +and O +5 O +% O +CO2 O +. O + +aps B-category +Steroid B-Chemical +uptake O +was O +retarded O +about O +50 O +% O +at O +0 O +degrees O +. O + +aps B-category +Human O +skeletal O +muscle O +homogenate O +has O +been O +shown O +to O +contain O +enzymes O +that O +catalyze O +the O +hydrolysis O +of O +L O +- O +leucyl O +p O +- O +nitroanilide O +and O +carbobenzoxyglutamyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +, O +known O +substrates O +, O +respectively O +, O +for O +arylamidase O +and O +cathepsin O +A O +. O + +aps B-category +2 O +- O +Chloroacetyl O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +were O +reacted O +with O +certain O +phenols B-Chemical +and O +salts O +of O +some O +acids O +under O +different O +conditions O +to O +yield O +2 O +- O +substituted O +acetylphenothiazines O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Chronic O +toxicity O +of O +4 O +- O +[ O +3 O +' O +- O +diethylamino O +- O +2 O +' O +hydroxypropyl O +] O +- O +ajmaline O +hydrogen B-Chemical +tartrate O +( O +Tachmalcor O +) O +in O +the O +rat O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Counts O +for O +iron B-Chemical +were O +approximately O +70 O +% O +lower O +than O +counts O +from O +mature O +erythrocytes O +found O +free O +in O +the O +cortex O +. O + +aps B-category +Performance O +enhancement O +effects O +of O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +, O +methylphenidate B-Chemical +, O +pipradrol O +and O +phenindamine O +in O +rats O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +human O +erythrocyte O +membrane O +contains O +a O +cyclic O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +( O +cyclic O +AMP O +) O +- O +dependent O +protein O +kinase O +and O +several O +substrates O +for O +this O +kinase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +adenylyltransferase O +( O +EC O +2 O +. O +7 O +. O +7 O +. O +42 O +) O +, O +WHIch O +catalyzes O +the O +adenylylation O +and O +deadenylylation O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +in O +E O +. O +coli O +, O +has O +been O +stabilized O +and O +purified O +2200 O +- O +fold O +to O +apparent O +homogeneity O +. 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O + +aps B-category +During O +the O +" O +respiratory O +adaptation O +" O +of O +Bacillus O +coagulans O +, O +it O +was O +possible O +to O +dissociate O +the O +kinetics O +of O +cytochrome O +a O +and O +a3 O +synthesis O +with O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +silver B-Chemical +ion O +binding O +and O +pH O +on O +the O +buoyant O +density O +of O +DNA O +and O +its O +use O +in O +fractionating O +heterogeneous O +DNA O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +individual O +subunits O +were O +not O +sweet O +, O +neither O +did O +they O +block O +the O +sweet O +sensation O +of O +sucrose B-Chemical +or O +monellin O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Intracellular O +pH O +was O +then O +measured O +by O +distribution O +of O +morpholine O +( O +6 O +. O +985 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +08 O +) O +, O +nicotine B-Chemical +( O +6 O +. O +915 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +03 O +) O +and O +the O +weak O +acid O +5 O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +dimethyl O +- O +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +oxazolidinedione O +( O +7 O +. O +10 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +and O +the O +pH O +- O +sensitive O +microelectrodes O +( O +5 O +. O +9 O +, O +the O +equilibrium O +value O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclic O +guanosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +( O +cyclic O +GMP O +) O +stimulates O +nucleic O +acid O +synthesis O +in O +lymphocytes O +, O +and O +has O +been O +implicated O +as O +the O +intracellular O +effector O +of O +the O +actions O +of O +mitogenic O +agents O +on O +these O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +cyclic O +AMP O +, O +8 O +- O +Br O +- O +cyclic O +AMP O +, O +8 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Br I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +, O +cholera O +toxin O +and O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E1 I-Chemical +suppressed O +both O +basal O +[ O +3H O +] O +thymidine B-Chemical +incorporation O +and O +stimulation O +of O +this O +parameter O +by O +T O +- O +cell O +mitogens O +and O +the O +guanine O +nucleotides O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +protein O +kinases O +of O +Peak O +IH O +and O +IIH O +were O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +( O +cyclic O +AMP O +) O +- O +dependent O +and O +had O +similar O +enzymic O +properties O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +the O +protein O +kinase O +in O +Peak O +IVC O +was O +inhibited O +by O +univalent O +salts O +and O +preferred O +phosvitin O +to O +casein O +, O +utilizing O +either O +ATP O +or O +GTP O +as O +a O +phosphate B-Chemical +donor O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +two O +crystalline O +samples O +were O +subjected O +to O +gel O +filtration O +chromatography O +under O +a O +wide O +variety O +of O +conditions O +and O +to O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +disc O +gel O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +Aliphatic O +alcohols O +did O +not O +inhibit O +the O +hydrolysis O +of O +p O +- O +nitrophenyl O +acetate O +; O +the O +most O +potent O +inhibitors O +of O +esterase O +activity O +were O +mercuric O +chloride B-Chemical +, O +diisopropylfluorophosphate B-Chemical +, O +eserine B-Chemical +, O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +fluoride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +small O +size O +of O +molecules O +and O +the O +presence O +of O +hydroxyls O +and O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +increase O +the O +percentage O +of O +transfer O +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +of O +the O +kinetic O +properties O +of O +angiotensin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +converting I-Chemical +enzyme O +( O +peptidyl O +- O +dipeptide O +hydrolase O +, O +EC O +3 O +. O +4 O +. O +15 O +. O +1 O +) O +purified O +from O +hog O +lung O +have O +been O +determined O +using O +hippurylglycylglycine O +as O +substrate O +. O + +aps B-category +Chloride O +is O +required O +for O +enzyme O +activity O +; O +there O +are O +two O +phases O +in O +the O +effect O +of O +NaCl B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Activation O +by O +cobalt B-Chemical +and O +inhibition O +by O +EDTA O +are O +somewhat O +more O +effective O +at O +pH O +6 O +than O +at O +pH O +8 O +. O + +aps B-category +Activation O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +by O +polyanions O +and O +salts O +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetic O +constants O +, O +substrate O +and O +donor O +nucleotide B-Chemical +sugar O +specificities O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +kinetic O +and O +inhibition O +constants O +, O +glycolipid O +substrate O +specificity O +and O +nucleotide B-Chemical +sugar O +donor O +specificity O +have O +been O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +alkylatable O +cysteine B-Chemical +residues O +may O +contribute O +to O +a O +manganous O +- O +isocitrate O +binding O +site O +which O +is O +responsible O +for O +stabilizing O +an O +active O +conformation O +of O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +NADP O +- O +dependent O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +( O +EC O +1 O +. O +4 O +. O +1 O +. O +4 O +) O +extracted O +from O +nuclear O +fractions O +of O +Saccharomyces O +cerevisiae O +was O +partially O +purified O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +response O +of O +the O +nuclear O +activity O +to O +variation O +of O +pH O +, O +of O +inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +and O +other O +electrolyte O +concentration O +and O +of O +the O +concentration O +of O +the O +reaction O +substrates O +has O +been O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparative O +kinetic O +studies O +on O +the O +L O +- O +type O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +from O +rat O +liver O +and O +the O +enzyme O +phosphorylated O +by O +cyclic O +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +AMP O +- O +stimulated O +protein O +kinase O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +absence O +of O +fructose O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +diphosphate O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +3 O +, O +the O +phosphorylated O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +appeared O +to O +have O +a O +lower O +affinity O +for O +phosphoenolpyruvate O +( O +K0 O +. O +5 O += O +0 O +. O +8 O +mM O +) O +than O +the O +unphosphorylated O +enzyme O +( O +K0 O +. O +5 O += O +0 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +effects O +of O +choline B-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +, O +thiazinamium O +methyl O +sulfate O +and O +thioridazine B-Chemical +hydrochloride O +are O +not O +entirely O +consistent O +with O +this O +mechanism O +but O +support O +the O +existence O +of O +a O +functional O +peripheral O +anionic O +site O +which O +is O +distinct O +from O +the O +anionic O +subsite O +of O +the O +active O +center O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Decanoic O +acid O +, O +new O +precursor O +for O +in O +vitro O +biosynthesis O +of O +oleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +by O +a O +plant O +subcellular O +fraction O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +labelled O +precursor O +is O +transformed O +by O +this O +fraction O +mainly O +into O +oleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +hydroxyacids O +. O + +aps B-category +Labelled O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +longer O +than O +lauric O +and O +( O +i O +. O +e O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Purification O +and O +properties O +of O +aromatic O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +decarboxylase O +( O +4 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +. O +28 O +) O +of O +rat O +brain O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +inhibited O +by O +serotonin B-Chemical +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +some O +cations O +: O +Cu O ++ O ++ O +, O +Fe O ++ O ++ O +, O +Ni O ++ O ++ O +by O +N O +- O +ethylmaleimide O +, O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecylsulfate O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +also O +observe O +a O +spontaneous O +decarboxylation O +of O +the O +substrates O +that O +reaches O +a O +plateau O +and O +is O +enhanced O +by O +high O +concentrations O +of O +PLP O +, O +by O +serotonin B-Chemical +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +Cu O ++ O ++ O +and O +reduced O +by O +mercaptoethanol O +and O +the O +presence O +of O +crude O +or O +boiled O +homogenates O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +sucrase O +from O +honey O +bees O +( O +Apis O +mellifera O +) O +which O +precipitates O +between O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +saturations O +of O +50 O +and O +70 O +% O +( O +5 O +mg O +protein O +per O +millilitre O +) O +and O +which O +makes O +up O +the O +major O +portion O +of O +the O +sucrases O +of O +honey O +bees O +was O +purified O +to O +homogeneity O +as O +shown O +by O +several O +criteria O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +production O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +from O +sucrose B-Chemical +was O +rectilinear O +when O +plotted O +by O +the O +Hofstee O +method O +at O +low O +substrate O +concentrations O +but O +decreased O +at O +high O +sucrose B-Chemical +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +Amino O +acid O +and O +amino B-Chemical +sugar O +analyses O +indicated O +that O +the O +sucrase O +was O +a O +glycoprotein O +. O + +aps B-category +Improvement O +, O +as O +judged O +by O +the O +higher O +tissue O +activities O +obtained O +, O +in O +the O +assay O +method O +for O +this O +enzyme O +was O +achieved O +through O +use O +of O +phosphatidic O +acids O +sonicated O +in O +buffer O +- O +detergent O +solution O +saturated O +with O +ether B-Chemical +and O +containing O +bovine O +serum O +albumin O +and O +use O +of O +short O +incubation O +times O +which O +essentially O +provided O +a O +measure O +of O +initial O +rates O +. O + +aps B-category +Examination O +of O +the O +effect O +of O +varying O +the O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +in O +the O +phosphatidic O +acids O +added O +exogenously O +gave O +the O +following O +order O +( O +activities O +in O +parentheses O +) O +; O +1 O +- O +stearoyl O +- O +2 O +- O +oleoyl O +- O +( O +5 O +. O +58 O +) O +, O +1 O +- O +oleoyl O +- O +2 O +- O +stearoyl O +- O +( O +5 O +. O +37 O +) O +, O +1 O +, O +2 O +- O +dioleoyl O +- O +( O +4 O +. O +49 O +) O +1 O +- O +palmitoyl O +- O +2 O +- O +oleoyl O +- O +( O +3 O +. O +85 O +) O +, O +1 O +- O +stearoyl O +- O +2 O +- O +arachidonoyl O +- O +( O +3 O +. O +31 O +) O +, O +1 O +- O +arachidonoyl O +- O +2 O +- O +stearoyl O +- O +( O +3 O +. O +16 O +) O +, O +1 O +, O +2 O +- O +diarachidonoyl O +- O +( O +0 O +. O +72 O +) O +, O +1 O +, O +2 O +- O +dicaproyl O +- O +( O +0 O +. O +67 O +) O +, O +1 O +, O +2 O +- O +dipalmitoyl O +- O +( O +0 O +. O +67 O +) O +and O +1 O +, O +2 O +- O +distearoyl O +- O +( O +0 O +. O +18 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Isolated O +kitten O +fundic O +mucosa O +demonstrates O +low O +rates O +of O +spontaneous O +acid O +secretion O +in O +vitro O +when O +bathed O +in O +Krebs O +- O +Henseleit O +solution O +, O +and O +responds O +consistently O +to O +histamine B-Chemical +, O +pentagastrin O +, O +and O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +placed O +in O +the O +bath O +. O + +aps B-category +Loss O +of O +ascorbic O +acid O +from O +lung O +and O +pulmonary O +edema O +were O +produced O +in O +mice O +by O +intravenous O +injection O +of O +either O +adrenaline B-Chemical +or O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +( O +5 O +mumol O +/ O +kg O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Given O +alone O +, O +hexamethonium B-Chemical +caused O +both O +loss O +of O +ascorbic O +acid O +and O +pulmonary O +edema O +. O + +aps B-category +Development O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +uptake O +activity O +in O +Neurospora O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +thermophilic O +fungus O +Malbranchea O +pulchella O +produces O +a O +single O +extracellular O +, O +alkaline O +, O +serine O +protease O +when O +grown O +at O +45 O +degrees O +C O +, O +on O +2 O +% O +casein O +as O +sole O +carbon B-Chemical +source O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +specificity O +study O +with O +small O +synthetic O +ester O +substrates O +indicated O +that O +the O +protease O +preferentially O +hydrolyzed O +bonds O +situated O +on O +the O +carboxyl O +side O +of O +aromatic O +or O +apolar O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +which O +are O +not O +beta O +- O +branched O +, O +positively O +charged O +or O +of O +the O +D O +configuration O +. O + +aps B-category +Biosynthesis O +of O +chloramphenicol B-Chemical +in O +Streptomyces O +sp O +. O + +aps B-category +Specific O +deamination O +of O +the O +product O +with O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +indicated O +that O +it O +was O +the O +L O +- O +epimer O +. O + +aps B-category +Myeclium O +suspended O +in O +42 O +mM O +solution O +of O +partially O +ionized O +succinic O +acid O +( O +pH O +4 O +; O +60 O +. O +1 O +% O +nonionized O +, O +39 O +% O +monoanion O +, O +and O +0 O +. O +9 O +% O +dianion O +, O +K O ++ O +salt B-Chemical +) O +over O +a O +period O +of O +25 O +min O +accumulated O +more O +succinic O +acid O +carbon B-Chemical +than O +mycelium O +suspended O +in O +highly O +ionized O +solution O +( O +pH O +6 O +. O +8 O +; O +0 O +. O +01 O +% O +nonionized O +, O +4 O +. O +8 O +% O +monoanion O +, O +and O +95 O +% O +dianion O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Rate O +of O +uptake O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +azide O +and O +iodoacetate O +- O +treated O +mycelium O +was O +proportional O +to O +external O +concentration O +at O +least O +up O +to O +200 O +mumol O +/ O +ml O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +internal O +concentrations O +of O +succinic O +acid O +carbon B-Chemical +expressed O +as O +succinic O +acid O +in O +cell O +water O +were O +about O +the O +same O +as O +the O +external O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +Efflux O +is O +not O +retarded O +by O +presence O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +in O +the O +external O +solution O +. O + +aps B-category +Rates O +of O +nitrogen B-Chemical +fixation O +of O +3 O +to O +10 O +g O +of O +N2 O +fixed O +per O +hectare O +per O +day O +were O +associated O +with O +root O +systems O +of O +Digitaria O +sanguinalis O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +variou O +cultural O +conditions O +on O +the O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +lipid O +composition O +of O +Choanephora O +cucurbitarum O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +conditions O +used O +in O +this O +study O +did O +not O +alter O +the O +qualitative O +profile O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +normally O +present O +in O +the O +organism O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +pattern O +of O +lipid O +fractions O +though O +the O +same O +qualitatively O +, O +differed O +quantitatively O +. O + +aps B-category +Phototherapy O +has O +reduced O +the O +complications O +of O +neonatal O +hyperbilirubinemia O +, O +and O +the O +beneficial O +effect O +of O +antepartum O +corticosteroid B-Chemical +therapy O +in O +minimizing O +the O +risk O +of O +respiratory O +distress O +syndrome O +is O +now O +convincing O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +carcinoembryonic O +antigen O +( O +CEA O +) O +and O +serum O +enzyme O +levels O +of O +phosphohexose O +isomerase O +( O +PHI O +) O +, O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +transpeptidase O +( O +psi O +- O +GTP O +) O +, O +and O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +( O +LDH O +) O +were O +measured O +in O +147 O +patients O +with O +malignancy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +binding O +of O +1 O +- O +( O +2 O +- O +chloroethyl O +) O +- O +3 O +- O +( O +cyclohexyl O +) O +- O +1 O +- O +nitrosourea O +( O +CCNU B-Chemical +) O +to O +the O +proteins O +of O +the O +L1210 O +cell O +nucleus O +has O +been O +studied O +using O +both O +[ O +cyclohexyl O +- O +14C O +] O +CCNU B-Chemical +and O +[ O +chloroethyl O +- O +14C O +] O +CCNU B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +the O +interaction O +of O +CCNU B-Chemical +with O +the O +proteins O +of O +the O +cell O +nucleus O +can O +be O +defined O +in O +terms O +of O +the O +modification O +of O +histones O +by O +the O +cyclohexyl O +moiety O +. O + +aps B-category +spectroscopy O +, O +the O +separate O +pKa O +values O +of O +each O +of O +the O +six O +phosphoric O +monoester O +groups O +of O +myo B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +inositol I-Chemical +hexaphosphate O +were O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pKa O +for O +each O +phosphate B-Chemical +grouping O +in O +the O +transition O +from O +the O +free O +acid O +forms O +of O +each O +group O +to O +the O +monoanion O +form O +of O +each O +group O +was O +determined O +to O +be O +: O +1 O +. O +1 O +, O +C O +- O +2 O +; O +1 O +. O +5 O +, O +C O +- O +1 O +and O +C O +- O +3 O +; O +2 O +. O +1 O +, O +C O +- O +4 O +and O +C O +- O +6 O +; O +and O +1 O +. O +7 O +, O +C O +- O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Gamma O +glutamyl O +- O +transpeptidase O +activity O +and O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +level O +in O +diabetes O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Regulation O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesis O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Human O +saliva O +contains O +a O +high O +peroxidase O +activity O +that O +can O +be O +estimated O +spectrophotometrically O +with O +the O +hydrogen B-Chemical +donor O +p O +- O +phenylenediamine O +and O +the O +substrate O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +from O +20 O +mul O +of O +material O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Preincubation O +of O +rabbit O +pancreas O +with O +the O +serotonin B-Chemical +precursor O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HTP I-Chemical +) O +increases O +the O +beta O +cell O +serotonin B-Chemical +content O +and O +inhibits O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stimulated I-Chemical +insulin O +secretion O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +inhibition O +of O +islet O +MAO O +may O +cause O +an O +increase O +in O +islet O +monoamine O +content O +and O +these O +monoamines B-Chemical +may O +alter O +in O +vitro O +insulin O +secretion O +. O + +aps B-category +Distribution O +of O +releasing O +factors O +, O +biogenic O +amines B-Chemical +, O +and O +related O +enzymes O +in O +the O +bovine O +median O +eminence O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +distributions O +of O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxylase I-Chemical +, O +serotonin B-Chemical +, O +tryptophan B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +, O +phenylethanolamine O +- O +N O +- O +methyltransferase O +, O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +decarboxylase O +, O +and O +histamine B-Chemical +appeared O +to O +correlate O +poorly O +with O +the O +major O +distributions O +of O +TRH O +and O +LHRH O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +neurally O +active O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +on O +prolactin O +secretion O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +or O +eight O +mumole O +of O +GABA B-Chemical +produced O +significant O +increases O +in O +the O +plasma O +concentrations O +of O +prolactin O +( O +PRL O +) O +, O +indicating O +increased O +PRL O +release O +from O +the O +pituitary O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +correlation O +between O +increasing O +blood O +lactate B-Chemical +levels O +and O +decreasing O +percentage O +survival O +has O +been O +shown O +. O + +aps B-category +Blood O +lactate B-Chemical +determination O +is O +suggested O +as O +a O +prognostic O +rather O +than O +a O +diagnostic O +aid O +for O +the O +equine O +practitioner O +and O +should O +be O +used O +to O +augment O +other O +clinical O +findings O +in O +the O +horse O +exhibiting O +colic O +. O + +aps B-category +Circular O +dichroism O +results O +indicate O +that O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +salt B-Chemical +both O +proteins O +are O +40 O +- O +50 O +% O +helical O +between O +pH O +1 O +and O +9 O +. O + +aps B-category +Succinylation O +of O +glyceraldehyde B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +from O +Bacillus O +stearothermophilus O +. O + +aps B-category +NAD O ++ O +, O +glyceraldehyde B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +and O +inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +all O +afford O +protection O +from O +inhibition O +, O +and O +inhibition O +is O +slowly O +reversed O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +pyrophosphate O +at O +pH O +8 O +. O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +residue O +specifically O +succinylated O +has O +been O +identified O +as O +one O +of O +the O +two O +threonine O +residues O +, O +most O +probably O +Thr O +- O +150 O +, O +adjacent O +to O +the O +activ O +- O +site O +cysteine B-Chemical +residue O +in O +the O +primary O +structure O +. O + +aps B-category +Active O +- O +site O +- O +directed O +inhibition O +of O +the O +plasma O +- O +membrane O +carrier O +transporting O +short O +- O +chain O +, O +neutral O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +into O +Trypanosoma O +brucei O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibition O +was O +highly O +selective O +for O +the O +N1 O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +transport O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +high O +selectivity O +of O +this O +inhibitor O +should O +make O +it O +a O +useful O +labelling O +agent O +during O +the O +isolation O +and O +purification O +of O +the O +N1 O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +transport O +carrier O +protein O +( O +s O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +grown O +in O +a O +mineral O +medium O +with O +yeast O +cell O +walls O +or O +yeast O +glucan O +as O +the O +sole O +carbon B-Chemical +source O +, O +Bacillus O +circulans O +WL O +- O +12 O +produces O +wall O +- O +lytic O +enzymes O +in O +addition O +to O +non O +- O +lytic O +beta O +- O +( O +1 O +leads O +to O +3 O +) O +and O +beta O +- O +( O +1 O +leads O +to O +6 O +) O +- O +glucananases O +. O + +aps B-category +Hydrolysis O +of O +pustulan O +went O +thorugh O +a O +series O +of O +oligosaccharides O +, O +leading O +to O +a O +mixture O +of O +gentiotriose O +, O +gentiobiose O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Bacillus O +circulans O +WL O +- O +12 O +when O +grown O +in O +a O +mineral O +medium O +with O +yeast O +cell O +walls O +or O +yeast O +glucan O +as O +the O +soli O +carbon B-Chemical +source O +, O +produced O +five O +beta O +- O +glucanases O +. O + +aps B-category +Hydrolysis O +of O +laminarin O +went O +through O +a O +series O +of O +oligosaccharides O +, O +and O +laminaribiose O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +accumulated O +till O +the O +end O +of O +the O +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +Algal O +glyceraldehyde B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +enzymes O +with O +glyceraldehyde B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +activity O +have O +been O +purified O +from O +heterotrophically O +grown O +Scenedesmus O +obliquus O +by O +ion O +- O +exchange O +chromatography O +and O +gel O +filtration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purification O +procedure O +involved O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulphate O +precipitation O +, O +ion O +- O +exchange O +chromatography O +and O +gel O +filtration O +and O +resulted O +in O +a O +yield O +of O +35 O +. O +4 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Temperature O +- O +dependent O +change O +in O +rate O +- O +limiting O +step O +of O +the O +magnesium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stimulated I-Chemical +ITPase O +of O +myosin O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +method O +for O +the O +quantitative O +determination O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fluorescence O +intensity O +scale O +is O +calibrated O +using O +standard O +solutions O +of O +free O +tryptophan B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +method O +is O +particularly O +suited O +to O +proteins O +carrying O +groups O +absorbing O +in O +the O +290 O +- O +370 O +nm O +region O +, O +such O +as O +flavin O +, O +heme O +and O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +and O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +substances O +such O +as O +2 O +- O +mercaptoethanol O +which O +prohibit O +the O +use O +of O +the O +spectroscopic O +or O +magnetic O +circular O +dichroism O +methods O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +peptide O +bond O +formed O +between O +an O +N O +- O +terminal O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residue O +and O +proline O +is O +not O +cleaved O +by O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Low O +rates O +of O +hydrolysis O +was O +observed O +for O +charged O +residues O +, O +and O +amides O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +series O +Pro O +- O +Gly O +, O +Pro O +- O +Gly O +- O +Pro O +, O +Pro O +- O +Gly O +- O +Pro O +- O +Pro O +, O +the O +last O +peptide O +is O +the O +best O +substrate O +, O +indicating O +an O +active O +site O +complementary O +to O +at O +least O +four O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +basis O +of O +the O +kinetic O +data O +and O +binding O +studies O +it O +appears O +that O +the O +mechanism O +of O +the O +reaction O +involves O +a O +compulsory O +sequence O +of O +substrate O +binding O +to O +the O +enzyme O +, O +in O +which O +carbamoylphosphate O +is O +the O +first O +substrate O +to O +bind O +to O +the O +enzyme O +and O +phosphate B-Chemical +the O +last O +product O +to O +be O +released O +. O + +aps B-category +Binding O +of O +the O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +groups O +of O +the O +enzyme O +prevents O +its O +alkylation O +by O +N O +- O +ethylmaleimide O +and O +inhibition O +by O +oxaloacetate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Certain O +anions O +( O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +citrate B-Chemical +, O +maleate B-Chemical +and O +acetate O +) O +decrease O +the O +reactivity O +of O +the O +enzyme O +towards O +the O +alkylating O +reagent O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +8 O +- O +hydroxy O +derivative O +of O +FAD O +is O +bound O +by O +apo B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +; O +the O +complex O +shows O +no O +catalytic O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +3 O +- O +Chloroacetylpyridine O +- O +- O +adenine O +dinucleotide O +, O +which O +is O +active O +as O +a O +hydride O +acceptor O +( O +Km O += O +0 O +. O +6 O +mM O +) O +, O +inactivates O +and O +alkylates O +estradiol B-Chemical +17beta O +- O +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +of O +the O +labelling O +by O +3 O +- O +chloro O +[ O +2 O +- O +14C O +] O +acetylpyridine O +- O +- O +adenine O +dinucleotide O +and O +the O +rate O +of O +alkylation O +as O +a O +function O +of O +pH O +, O +give O +evidence O +to O +the O +alkylation O +of O +a O +cysteine B-Chemical +, O +the O +stoichiometry O +being O +one O +mole O +per O +subunit O +. 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O +2 O +; O +its O +temperature O +optimum O +was O +47 O +C O +. O +Prephenate O +dehydratase O +was O +competitively O +inhibited O +by O +phenylalanine O +and O +activated O +by O +tyrosine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +optimum O +ranged O +between O +7 O +. O +0 O +and O +7 O +. O +6 O +; O +the O +temperature O +optimum O +was O +38 O +C O +. O +It O +is O +shown O +how O +the O +sensitive O +regulation O +of O +the O +entire O +enzyme O +system O +leads O +to O +a O +well O +- O +balanced O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +production O +. O + +aps B-category +2201 O +( O +also O +known O +as O +Candida O +bodinii O +) O +, O +was O +cultured O +on O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +then O +transferred O +into O +a O +methanol O +medium O +, O +microbodies O +of O +small O +size O +could O +be O +observed O +in O +2 O +- O +h O +old O +cells O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Mutants O +lacking O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +fail O +to O +produce O +the O +asparaginase O +, O +and O +mutants O +with O +a O +high O +constitutive O +level O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +also O +contain O +the O +asparaginase O +at O +a O +high O +level O +. O + +aps B-category +Degradation O +was O +enhanced O +by O +Ca2 O ++ O +and O +thiols B-Chemical +and O +inhibited O +by O +various O +protease O +inhibitors O +and O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +blocking I-Chemical +reagents O +. O + +aps B-category +Tert O +- O +butyl O +hydroperoxide O +( O +2 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +M O +) O +, O +a O +glutathione B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxidizing I-Chemical +reagent O +, O +inhibited O +degradation O +by O +35 O +to O +50 O +% O +, O +possibly O +due O +to O +an O +effect O +on O +a O +glutathione B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +insulin I-Chemical +transhydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +Similar O +transient O +changes O +in O +Rm O +were O +produced O +by O +0 O +. O +2 O +and O +2 O +. O +0 O +muM O +T3 O +at O +pH O +of O +7 O +. O +1 O +T3 O +reduced O +membrane O +resistance O +in O +isotonic O +K2SO4 O +and O +tris O +- O +buffered O +Mn O +( O +20 O +mM O +) O +solutions O +indicating O +that O +T3 O +increases O +potassium B-Chemical +permeability O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +improved O +gas O +chromatographic O +method O +is O +described O +for O +the O +simultaneous O +determination O +of O +carboxylic O +acid O +chlorides O +and O +related O +carboxylic O +acids O +used O +in O +the O +production O +of O +some O +commercial O +semisynthetic O +penicillins B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +method O +, O +an O +extension O +of O +the O +earlier O +procedure O +of O +Hishta O +and O +Bomstein O +( O +1 O +) O +, O +has O +been O +applied O +to O +the O +acid O +chlorides O +used O +to O +make O +oxacillin B-Chemical +, O +cloxacillin O +, O +dicloxacillin O +, O +and O +methicillin B-Chemical +( O +Figure O +1 O +) O +; O +it O +shows O +promise O +of O +application O +to O +other O +acid O +chlorides O +. O + +aps B-category +Demonstration O +and O +some O +properties O +of O +cytosol O +- O +binding O +proteins O +for O +thyroxine B-Chemical +and O +triiodothyronine O +in O +human O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +Concentrations O +of O +pregnenolone O +( O +delta5P O +) O +, O +dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical +( O +DHEA B-Chemical +) O +, O +16alpha O +- O +hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone O +( O +16alpha O +- O +OH O +DHEA B-Chemical +) O +, O +pregnenolone O +sulfate O +( O +delta5P O +- O +S O +) O +, O +and O +dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical +sulfate O +( O +DHEA B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +S I-Chemical +) O +were O +measured O +simultaneously O +by O +radioimmunoassay O +in O +individual O +, O +paired O +umbilical O +artery O +( O +UA O +) O +and O +vein O +( O +UV O +) O +sera O +from O +18 O +normal O +term O +pregnancies O +, O +6 O +in O +labor O +, O +12 O +not O +in O +labor O +. O + +aps B-category +Umbilical O +artery O +delta5P O +- O +S O +, O +DHEA B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +S I-Chemical +, O +and O +DHEA B-Chemical +levels O +were O +significantly O +higher O +than O +UV O +levels O +, O +whereas O +the O +reverse O +was O +true O +for O +delta5P O +and O +16alpha O +- O +OH O +DHEA B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +by O +linear O +regression O +of O +paired O +UA O +and O +UV O +steroid B-Chemical +concentrations O +of O +delta5P O +, O +delta5P O +- O +S O +, O +DHEA B-Chemical +, O +and O +DHEA B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +S I-Chemical +revealed O +a O +significant O +correlation O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +for O +each O +steroid B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +demonstrate O +that O +: O +1 O +) O +a O +significant O +difference O +between O +UA O +and O +UV O +concentrations O +exists O +for O +delta5P O +, O +DHEA B-Chemical +, O +16alpha O +- O +OH O +DHEA B-Chemical +, O +delta5P O +- O +S O +, O +and O +DHEA B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +S I-Chemical +; O +2 O +) O +there O +is O +a O +significant O +correlation O +between O +UA O +and O +UV O +concentrations O +for O +delta5P O +, O +DHEA B-Chemical +, O +delta5P O +- O +S O +, O +and O +DHEA B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +S I-Chemical +, O +implying O +that O +each O +fetoplacental O +unit O +maintains O +an O +equilibrium O +relative O +to O +these O +steroid B-Chemical +concentrations O +in O +the O +umbilical O +circulation O +; O +3 O +) O +labor O +is O +associated O +with O +a O +significant O +increase O +in O +UA O +levels O +of O +DHEA B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +S I-Chemical +and O +probably O +of O +delta5P O +- O +S O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +isoproterenol I-Chemical +stimulated O +renal O +medullary O +adenylate O +cyclase O +in O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +manner O +, O +and O +this O +stimulation O +was O +blocked O +by O +DL B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propranolol I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +DL B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Propranolol I-Chemical +did O +not O +inhibit O +stimulation O +of O +glucagon O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purified O +eosinophil O +enzyme O +specifically O +liberated O +choline B-Chemical +from O +I O +- O +alpha O +- O +phosphatidyl O +choline B-Chemical +with O +a O +pH O +optimum O +of O +4 O +. O +5 O +- O +6 O +. O +0 O +and O +exhibited O +a O +pI O +of O +5 O +. O +8 O +- O +6 O +. O +2 O +on O +polyacrylamide O +- O +gel O +isoelectric O +focusing O +, O +which O +are O +properties O +shared O +by O +phospholipase O +D O +from O +plant O +sources O +; O +however O +, O +its O +apparent O +mol O +wt O +of O +60 O +, O +000 O +is O +approximately O +one O +- O +half O +that O +of O +the O +plant O +enzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +random O +crossover O +study O +, O +ten O +healthy O +men O +were O +pretreated O +with O +ammonium B-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +or O +sodium B-Chemical +bicarbonate I-Chemical +to O +alter O +urinary O +pH O +, O +and O +then O +were O +given O +a O +single O +1 O +- O +Gm O +dose O +of O +cephradine O +, O +either O +orally O +or O +intravenously O +. O + +aps B-category +Twenty O +- O +two O +clinical O +laboratory O +tests O +performed O +on O +blood O +samples O +from O +16 O +normal O +subjects O +following O +one O +week O +of O +either O +flurazepam B-Chemical +or O +placebo O +administered O +in O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +method O +showed O +no O +apparent O +chemical O +interference O +by O +flurazepam B-Chemical +on O +any O +of O +the O +testing O +procedures O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +egg O +factors O +on O +cyclic B-Chemical +nucleotide I-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +sea O +urchin O +sperm O +. O + +aps B-category +Factors O +released O +from O +sea O +urchin O +eggs O +( O +FRE O +) O +elevated O +sperm O +cyclic O +AMP O +by O +about O +7 O +- O +fold O +within O +1 O +min O +, O +and O +the O +combination O +of O +FRE O +with O +theophylline B-Chemical +increased O +sperm O +cyclic O +AMP O +up O +to O +100 O +- O +fold O +within O +1 O +min O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclic O +GMP O +in O +sperm O +treated O +with O +FRE O +plus O +theophylline B-Chemical +was O +not O +higher O +than O +in O +sperm O +treated O +with O +theophylline B-Chemical +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +pH O +6 O +- O +8 O +, O +lactose O +, O +whey O +proteins O +and O +phosphate B-Chemical +ions O +had O +an O +inhibitory O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +process O +of O +plasma O +triglyceride B-Chemical +removal O +, O +chylomicra O +and O +very O +low O +density O +lipoproteins O +are O +converted O +to O +low O +density O +lipoproteins O +. O + +aps B-category +Quantitative O +analysis O +or O +triglyceride B-Chemical +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +turnover O +in O +density O +less O +than O +1 O +. O +006 O +lipoproteins O +should O +delineate O +the O +role O +of O +plasma O +lipid O +transport O +in O +milk O +fat O +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Bovine O +pancreatic O +lipase O +was O +isolated O +in O +pure O +form O +by O +lyophilization O +of O +fresh O +bovine O +pancreas O +, O +extraction O +of O +the O +enzyme O +with O +sucrose B-Chemical +solution O +, O +fractional O +precipitation O +with O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +and O +acetone O +, O +followed O +by O +chromatography O +on O +Sephadex O +G O +- O +100 O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +milk O +containing O +1 O +ppm O +cadmium O +, O +96 O +% O +of O +the O +added O +cadmium O +chloride B-Chemical +was O +dispersed O +in O +the O +skim O +milk O +fraction O +, O +and O +3 O +% O +was O +associated O +with O +the O +cream O +fraction O +. O + +aps B-category +Laboratory O +rats O +were O +fed O +experimental O +diets O +including O +yogurt O +, O +pasteurized O +yogurt O +, O +and O +simulated O +yogurt O +with O +sucrose B-Chemical +or O +lactose O +for O +7 O +days O +followed O +by O +a O +single O +experimental O +meal O +of O +yogurt O +, O +pasteurized O +yogurt O +, O +or O +simulated O +yogurt O +. O + +aps B-category +Heat O +- O +killed O +cells O +MT703 O +adhered O +to O +a O +glass O +surface O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +CGT O +MT703 O +and O +sucrose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Antibodies O +specific O +for O +the O +polyglycerol O +phosphate B-Chemical +of O +teichoic O +acid O +did O +not O +inhibit O +adherence O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +suggest O +that O +the O +type O +antigen O +and O +dextran B-Chemical +on O +the O +surface O +of O +the O +S O +mutans O +type O +e O +cell O +are O +functional O +in O +adherence O +, O +and O +that O +these O +polymers O +are O +associated O +with O +cell O +wall O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +beta O +adrenergic O +stimulation O +and O +blockade O +on O +cutaneous O +reactivity O +to O +histamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +For O +this O +reason O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +, O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +diphenhydramine B-Chemical +as O +a O +positive O +control O +, O +and O +saline O +as O +a O +negative O +control O +were O +iontophoresed O +onto O +the O +forearm O +of O +10 O +atopic O +and O +10 O +nonatopic O +adult O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +obtained O +allowed O +the O +following O +conclusions O +: O +( O +1 O +) O +The O +atopic O +group O +responded O +to O +histamine B-Chemical +with O +greater O +wheal O +size O +than O +the O +nonatopic O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +3 O +) O +Isoproterenol B-Chemical +decreased O +the O +wheal O +size O +in O +both O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +5 O +) O +The O +successful O +modulation O +of O +the O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +wheal O +and O +flare O +indicated O +that O +these O +drugs O +, O +regardless O +of O +their O +effect O +on O +the O +dermal O +mast O +cell O +, O +exert O +a O +measurable O +effect O +on O +the O +target O +organ O +( O +vasculature O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Dual O +pathways O +of O +heme O +protein O +model O +compound O +reactions O +with O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetic O +and O +pharmacological O +properties O +of O +the O +sodium B-Chemical +channel O +of O +frog O +skeletal O +muscle O +. O + +aps B-category +Block O +of O +Na O +channels O +by O +saxitoxin B-Chemical +is O +measured O +in O +nerve O +and O +in O +muscle O +. O + +aps B-category +Potassium B-Chemical +transport O +mutants O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pyruvate B-Chemical +carboxylase O +of O +Pseudonomas O +fluorescens O +was O +purified O +160 O +- O +fold O +from O +cells O +grown O +on O +glucose B-Chemical +at O +20 O +degrees O +C O +. O +The O +activity O +of O +this O +purified O +enzyme O +was O +not O +affected O +by O +acetyl O +- O +coenzyme O +A O +or O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +, O +but O +was O +strongly O +inhibited O +by O +ADP O +, O +which O +was O +competitive O +towards O +ATP O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +regulatory O +properties O +and O +molecular O +weight O +are O +thus O +similar O +to O +those O +determined O +for O +the O +pyruvate B-Chemical +carboxylases O +from O +Pseudomonas O +citronellolis O +and O +Azotobacter O +vinelandii O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +copper B-Chemical +status O +on O +brain O +neurotransmitter O +metabolism O +in O +the O +lamb O +. O + +aps B-category +Neurochemical O +correlates O +of O +behaviour O +- O +- O +content O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical +, O +serotonin B-Chemical +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +tyrosine B-Chemical +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +in O +four O +brain O +parts O +of O +the O +pigeon O +during O +behavioural O +depression O +following O +an O +injection O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Subcellular O +distribution O +of O +ketone B-Chemical +body O +metabolizing O +enzymes O +in O +the O +rat O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Stability O +of O +some O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +enzymes O +in O +vitamin O +B O +- O +6 O +deficient O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +PLP O +- O +dependent O +enzymes O +( O +serine O +dehydratase O +, O +ornithine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +delta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminotransferase I-Chemical +, O +and O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +) O +and O +two O +non O +- O +PLP O +- O +dependent O +enzymes O +( O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +and O +phosphoenolpyruvate O +carboxykinase O +) O +were O +induced O +in O +vitamin O +B O +- O +6 O +deficient O +and O +control O +rats O +by O +feeding O +them O +high O +- O +protein O +diets O +or O +by O +injecting O +them O +with O +glucagon O +or O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Ornithine O +aminotransferase O +was O +predominantly O +in O +holoenzyme O +form O +in O +both O +control O +and O +deficient O +rats O +, O +whereas O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +was O +predominantly O +in O +apoenzyme O +form O +in O +both O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +electrode O +sensitive O +to O +sulfa O +drugs O +was O +constructed O +by O +using O +the O +iron B-Chemical +( O +II O +) O +- O +bathophenanthroline O +chelate O +embedded O +in O +a O +liquid O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +Mass O +fragmentography O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +: O +relationship O +between O +brain O +levels O +and O +analgesic O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Morphine B-Chemical +levels O +in O +brain O +reached O +a O +peak O +of O +346 O +ng O +/ O +g O +of O +tissue O +wet O +weight O +30 O +minutes O +after O +the O +subcutaneous O +injection O +of O +10 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +and O +then O +declined O +rapidly O +over O +the O +next O +3 O +hours O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +excellent O +correlation O +( O +r O += O +0 O +. O +923 O +) O +was O +found O +between O +the O +concentration O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +in O +brain O +and O +analgesic O +activity O +, O +as O +measured O +by O +the O +hot O +plate O +method O +. O + +aps B-category +Cardiovascular O +effects O +of O +delta8 O +- O +and O +delta9 O +- O +tetrahydrocannabinol O +( O +THC O +) O +were O +studied O +after O +systemic O +intravenous O +administration O +and O +intra O +- O +arterial O +administration O +into O +a O +perfused O +vascular O +bed O +in O +the O +urethane B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +anesthetized I-Chemical +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Phentolamine B-Chemical +, O +in O +a O +dose O +which O +reduced O +the O +vasoconstrictor O +effect O +of O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +by O +90 O +% O +, O +significantly O +reduced O +the O +response O +to O +i O +. O +a O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +demonstrated O +that O +reserpine B-Chemical +pretreatment O +significantly O +reduced O +vasoconstrictor O +actions O +of O +i O +. O +a O +. O + +aps B-category +Possible O +involvement O +of O +a O +transmitter O +different O +from O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +in O +the O +residual O +responses O +to O +nerve O +stimulation O +of O +the O +cat O +nictitating O +membrane O +after O +pretreatment O +with O +reserpine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Under O +these O +experimental O +conditions O +, O +the O +responses O +to O +postganglionic O +nerve O +stimulation O +were O +not O +abolished O +, O +reaching O +up O +to O +50 O +% O +of O +the O +maximum O +development O +of O +tension O +to O +exogenous O +sympathomimetic O +amines B-Chemical +both O +in O +vivo O +and O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effectiveness O +of O +phentolamine B-Chemical +and O +phenoxybenzamine O +in O +blocking O +responses O +to O +exogenous O +NE O +was O +the O +same O +when O +the O +normal O +nictitating O +membrane O +was O +compared O +to O +the O +smooth O +muscle O +obtained O +from O +cats O +pretreated O +with O +reserpine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Scopolamine B-Chemical +, O +0 O +. O +078 O +muM O +, O +did O +not O +reduce O +the O +residual O +responses O +to O +nerve O +stimulation O +while O +it O +antagonized O +the O +responses O +to O +exogenous O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +, O +indicating O +that O +a O +cholinergic O +mechanism O +is O +not O +involved O +in O +this O +phenomenon O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +the O +residual O +responses O +to O +nerve O +stimulation O +obtained O +after O +pretreatment O +with O +reserpine B-Chemical +could O +be O +due O +to O +the O +release O +of O +a O +transmitter O +different O +from O +NE O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dissociation O +constants O +( O +Kd O +) O +of O +the O +l O +- O +stereoisomers O +of O +both O +alprenolol O +and O +propranolol B-Chemical +were O +10 O +to O +22 O +nM O +as O +determined O +by O +competition O +for O +binding O +sites O +or O +by O +inhibition O +of O +isoproternol O +- O +stimulated O +adenylate O +cyclase O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +found O +that O +catecholamines B-Chemical +( O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +and O +epinephrine B-Chemical +) O +inhibited O +spontaneous O +chemoreceptor O +activity O +, O +and O +that O +alpha O +adrenergic O +antagonists O +abolished O +both O +this O +inhibition O +and O +that O +produced O +by O +electrical O +stimulation O +of O +the O +CSN O +in O +the O +same O +preparation O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +centrifugal O +activity O +in O +the O +CSN O +causes O +release O +of O +endogenous O +catecholamines B-Chemical +in O +the O +carotid O +body O +, O +and O +that O +these O +catecholamines B-Chemical +mediate O +neurally O +induced O +inhibition O +of O +chemoreceptor O +activity O +is O +due O +to O +the O +vasomotor O +effects O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +partial O +antagonists O +pentazocine B-Chemical +, O +cyclazocine O +and O +nalorphine O +were O +found O +to O +possess O +narcotic O +cuing O +activity O +whereas O +naloxone B-Chemical +lacked O +any O +such O +action O +at O +doses O +up O +to O +160 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +para B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminohippurate I-Chemical +( O +PAH O +) O +infusion O +into O +rats O +, O +urine O +pH O +decreased O +and O +urine O +ammonium B-Chemical +excretion O +increased O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +was O +supported O +by O +the O +in O +vitro O +findings O +that O +PAH O +could O +increase O +slice O +ammoniagenesis O +from O +glutamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +PAH O +infusions O +at O +certain O +concentrations O +in O +vivo O +can O +alter O +ammonium B-Chemical +excretion O +through O +increased O +renal O +ammonia B-Chemical +production O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +by O +sulfobromophthalein O +of O +mitochondrial O +translocation O +of O +anions O +and O +adenine O +nucleotides O +: O +effects O +upon O +liver O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphate I-Chemical +and O +possible O +correlation O +with O +inhibition O +of O +bile O +flow O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +double O +- O +beam O +spectrophotometric O +study O +strongly O +suggests O +that O +glutamate B-Chemical +translocation O +is O +similarly O +inhibited O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +the O +kinetic O +constants O +of O +mitochondrial O +transport O +and O +of O +their O +inhibition O +by O +BSP O +on O +the O +one O +hand O +and O +of O +liver O +concentration O +of O +substrates O +and O +BSP O +on O +the O +other O +gives O +rise O +to O +the O +conclusion O +that O +a O +strong O +inhibition O +of O +transports O +, O +mainly O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +occurs O +in O +vivo O +and O +is O +responsible O +for O +the O +concomitant O +decrease O +in O +bile O +flow O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +experiments O +to O +determine O +KA O +values O +, O +propranolol B-Chemical +was O +added O +to O +block O +activation O +of O +beta O +receptors O +and O +cocaine B-Chemical +to O +block O +the O +neuronal O +uptake O +mechanism O +. O + +aps B-category +3 O +) O +The O +KB O +of O +phentolamine B-Chemical +determined O +with O +l O +- O +NE O +as O +the O +agonist O +was O +the O +same O +before O +and O +after O +fractional O +inactivation O +of O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +10 O +Blood O +acid O +- O +base O +changes O +were O +studied O +at O +17 O +degrees O +C O +in O +immersed O +crabs O +( O +Carcinus O +maenas O +) O +exposed O +to O +hypoxic O +and O +hyperoxic O +conditions O +, O +by O +measuring O +the O +pH O +and O +the O +CO2 O +partial O +pressure O +, O +PbCO2 O +, O +and O +by O +calculating O +the O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pHi O +responses O +to O +CO2 O +application O +, O +CO2 O +removal O +and O +HCO3 O +- O +injection O +were O +slowed O +by O +the O +carbonic O +anhydrase O +inhibitor O +acetazolamide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Such O +cases O +were O +invariably O +acidotic O +and O +responded O +well O +and O +often O +dramatically O +to O +supportive O +intravenous O +sodium B-Chemical +bicarbonate I-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +cell O +volume O +and O +ion O +content O +of O +a O +Halobacterium O +species O +are O +described O +in O +terms O +of O +the O +NaCl B-Chemical +concentration O +( O +0 O +. O +5 O +- O +- O +3 O +. O +5M O +) O +and O +pH O +( O +4 O +- O +8 O +) O +of O +the O +suspending O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +nonmetabolizing O +) O +bacteria O +, O +on O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +did O +not O +change O +in O +size O +within O +the O +above O +ranges O +of O +[ O +NaCl B-Chemical +] O +and O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Acid O +salt B-Chemical +reactions O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +pretreatment O +with O +dibenamine O +, O +the O +log O +( O +dose O +ratio O +- O +1 O +) O +vs O +. O +- O +log O +[ O +B O +] O +curve O +for O +the O +ISO B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propranolol I-Chemical +antagonism O +was O +shifted O +upward O +and O +superimposed O +with O +the O +theoretical O +curve O +of O +antagonism O +in O +which O +uptake O +of O +the O +agonist O +was O +neglected O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +basis O +of O +the O +investigations O +a O +complex O +filter O +made O +of O +silver B-Chemical +plated O +minerals O +- O +- O +dolomite O +and O +fluorite O +- O +- O +has O +been O +developed O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +37 O +degrees O +C O +. O +there O +was O +a O +rapid O +cumulative O +fall O +in O +pH O +during O +the O +1st O +hour O +after O +excision O +of O +the O +heart O +and O +a O +corresponding O +increase O +in O +lactate B-Chemical +content O +, O +but O +little O +additional O +change O +in O +either O +subsequently O +. O + +aps B-category +Chemical O +methods O +for O +the O +reduction O +of O +the O +purine B-Chemical +content O +of O +baker O +' O +s O +yeast O +, O +a O +form O +of O +single O +- O +cell O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +Hemodynamic O +effects O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +in O +critically O +ill O +septic O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Preliminary O +characterization O +of O +the O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +receptor O +in O +human O +erythrocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +Experiments O +with O +resealed O +ghosts O +showed O +that O +the O +membrane O +response O +to O +carbamyl O +choline B-Chemical +required O +ATP O +and O +calcium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Affinity O +labeling O +was O +used O +to O +demonstrate O +an O +apparent O +molecular O +weight O +of O +41 O +, O +000 O +for O +the O +carbamyl O +choline B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +species O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Groups O +of O +students O +, O +teachers O +, O +adult O +advisers O +to O +youth O +, O +civil O +- O +service O +supervisors O +and O +occupational O +- O +program O +consultants O +were O +in O +basic O +agreement O +on O +philosophies O +for O +educating O +about O +alcohol B-Chemical +, O +marihuana O +, O +lysergide O +( O +LSD O +) O +and O +heroin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +maximum O +prolongation O +of O +hot O +plate O +time O +induced O +by O +morphine B-Chemical +, O +methadone B-Chemical +or O +piminodine O +occurred O +before O +the O +highest O +HVA O +increase O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +the O +exception O +of O +pentazocine B-Chemical +, O +those O +doses O +of O +narcotic O +analgesics O +that O +caused O +equal O +increases O +in O +striatal O +HVA O +content O +were O +also O +equianalgesic O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +plasma O +under O +the O +physiologic O +conditions O +, O +there O +is O +an O +insufficient O +amount O +of O +reduced B-Chemical +glutathione I-Chemical +to O +elicit O +the O +insulin O +degrading O +activity O +, O +but O +in O +the O +liver O +there O +is O +a O +sufficient O +amount O +of O +reduced B-Chemical +glutathione I-Chemical +to O +manifest O +this O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +also O +show O +increased O +sensitivity O +to O +deoxycholate O +, O +EDTA O +, O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +the O +effects O +of O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +on O +pre O +- O +and O +postsynaptic O +dopaminergic O +mechanisms O +in O +the O +rat O +striatum O +. O + +aps B-category +Ferredoxin O +- O +dependent O +photosynthetic O +reduction O +of O +nitrate B-Chemical +and O +nitrite B-Chemical +by O +particles O +of O +Anacystis O +nidulans O +. 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O + +aps B-category +When O +wakefulness O +was O +imposed O +for O +8 O +hr O +during O +daylight O +on O +the O +day O +of O +the O +experiment O +and O +the O +rats O +were O +allowed O +to O +sleep O +for O +the O +following O +3 O +hr O +during O +darkness O +, O +the O +tyrosine B-Chemical +transaminase O +activity O +became O +high O +during O +the O +day O +and O +low O +at O +night O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +tryptophan B-Chemical +pyrrolase O +activity O +during O +sleep O +deprivation O +were O +demonstrated O +to O +be O +mediated O +by O +the O +pituitary O +- O +adrenal O +axis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +two O +animals O +self O +- O +administering O +0 O +. O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +/ O +infusion O +cocaine B-Chemical +died O +in O +less O +than O +5 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +of O +the O +5 O +animals O +whose O +responding O +was O +maintained O +by O +0 O +. 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O +1 O +) O +extracted O +from O +the O +same O +cells O +can O +catalyse O +the O +degradation O +of O +cystine O +trisulphide O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sulphite O +to O +form O +cystine O +and O +thiosulphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +subunit O +molecular O +weight O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +( O +G6PD O +) O +from O +baker O +' O +s O +yeast O +has O +been O +evaluated O +. O + +aps B-category +Monolayers O +of O +L O +- O +929 O +cells O +were O +treated O +with O +dinitrophenol O +during O +irradiation O +to O +prevent O +the O +DNA O +strands O +from O +rejoining O +; O +the O +extent O +of O +DNA O +damage O +was O +measured O +by O +the O +alkaline O +sucrose B-Chemical +sedimentation O +method O +. O + +aps B-category +Sulphasalazine O +( O +SZ O +) O +inhibits O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +( O +PG O +) O +biosynthesis O +in O +vitro O +with O +a O +potency O +comparable O +to O +that O +of O +aceylsalicylate O +. O + +aps B-category +Partial O +characterization O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +synthetase O +in O +the O +reproductive O +tract O +of O +the O +male O +house O +cricket O +, O +Acheta O +domesticus O +. O + +aps B-category +Indomethacin B-Chemical +, O +a O +known O +inhibitor O +of O +mammalian O +PG O +synthetase O +, O +was O +not O +inhibitory O +to O +the O +cricket O +synthetase O +. O + +aps B-category +Phenothiazines O +, O +such O +as O +thioridazine B-Chemical +, O +tricyclic O +antidepressants B-Chemical +, O +or O +antiparkinson O +drugs O +, O +any O +of O +which O +may O +be O +given O +concurrently O +to O +psychiatric O +patients O +, O +may O +augment O +this O +effect O +as O +well O +as O +atropine B-Chemical +, O +quinidine B-Chemical +or O +procainamide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +various O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +derivatives O +on O +the O +apomorphine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +elicited I-Chemical +inhibition O +of O +synaptosomal O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Benzodiazepines O +( O +diazepam B-Chemical +, O +oxazepam B-Chemical +, O +chlordiazepoxide O +) O +inhibited O +competitively O +the O +binding O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +onto O +rat O +serum O +albumin O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +observations O +suggest O +that O +the O +high O +levels O +of O +both O +5 O +- O +hydroxyindoles O +and O +tryptophan B-Chemical +which O +occurred O +in O +the O +rat O +brain O +after O +any O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +administration O +could O +be O +at O +least O +partly O +the O +consequence O +of O +its O +effect O +on O +tryptophan B-Chemical +binding O +in O +blood O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +an O +attempt O +to O +identify O +specific O +binding O +to O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptors O +the O +binding O +of O +3H O +- O +pimozide O +to O +preparations O +of O +brain O +and O +to O +an O +artificial O +cellulose O +membrane O +was O +examined O +. O + +aps B-category +Displaceable O +binding O +of O +3H O +- O +pimozide O +in O +different O +brain O +areas O +did O +not O +correlate O +with O +dopamine B-Chemical +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +Significant O +decreases O +in O +mating O +performance O +were O +seen O +among O +mice O +given O +diets O +containing O +0 O +. O +15 O +% O +chlordiazepoxide O +, O +0 O +. O +05 O +% O +diazepam B-Chemical +, O +0 O +. O +05 O +and O +0 O +. O +15 O +% O +oxazepam B-Chemical +, O +0 O +. O +02 O +and O +0 O +. O +10 O +% O +prazepam O +, O +0 O +. O +10 O +% O +flurazepam B-Chemical +, O +and O +0 O +. O +025 O +% O +nitrazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +capacity O +of O +( O +1 O +- O +Sarcosine O +, O +8 O +- O +Threonine O +) O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +to O +block O +the O +contractile O +and O +pressor O +effects O +of O +exogenous O +and O +endogenous O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +was O +examined O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +ganglion O +- O +blocked O +vagotomized O +rats O +, O +infusion O +of O +the O +analog O +produced O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +blockage O +of O +the O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +pressor O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +two O +- O +kidney O +hypertensive O +rats O +, O +the O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +antagonist O +significantly O +reduced O +the O +arterial O +blood O +pressure O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +mercuric O +chloride B-Chemical +intoxication O +on O +urinary O +psi O +- O +glutamyl O +transpeptidase O +excretion O +in O +the O +sheep O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Endogenous O +catecholamines B-Chemical +and O +indolalkylamines O +in O +attacks O +of O +bronchial O +asthma O +and O +decompensated O +hepatic O +cirrhosis O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Nucleotide O +pyrophosphatase O +activity O +with O +uridine B-Chemical +diphosphoglucose O +and O +dephospho O +- O +CoA O +as O +substrates O +was O +demonstrated O +in O +normal O +human O +serum O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activity O +of O +nucleotide B-Chemical +pyrophosphatase O +/ O +phosphodiesterase O +I O +in O +normal O +serum O +in O +many O +respects O +resembles O +an O +enzyme O +previously O +isolated O +from O +liver O +plasma O +membranes O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +trials O +of O +oxprenolol B-Chemical +in O +anxiety O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxprenolol B-Chemical +in O +senile O +tremor O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +( O +- O +) O +stereoisomers O +of O +epinephrine B-Chemical +and O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +are O +30 O +times O +more O +potent O +in O +competing O +for O +the O +site O +than O +the O +corresponding O +( O ++ O +) O +stereoisomers O +. O + +aps B-category +Structural O +analogs O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +that O +are O +devoid O +of O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +physiological O +activity O +do O +not O +compete O +for O +[ O +3H O +] O +dihydroergocryptine O +binding O +sites O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +some O +cells O +, O +asparate O +selectively O +increases O +the O +membrane O +permeability O +to O +chloride B-Chemical +, O +giving O +rise O +to O +a O +hyperpolarization O +, O +while O +on O +other O +cells O +it O +increases O +the O +permeability O +to O +sodium B-Chemical +, O +causing O +a O +depolarization O +. O + +aps B-category +Heart O +cell O +death O +may O +be O +prevented O +by O +maintaining O +the O +balance O +between O +myocardial O +oxygen B-Chemical +and O +energy O +supply O +and O +consumption O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +anomeric O +configuration O +of O +lactose O +altered O +the O +transgalactosylase O +/ O +hydrolase O +activity O +ratios O +, O +alpha O +- O +Lactose O +resulted O +in O +a O +decrease O +of O +allolactose O +production O +( O +transgalactosylase O +activity O +) O +relative O +to O +hydrolase O +activities O +( O +glucose B-Chemical +production O +) O +while O +beta O +- O +lactose O +had O +the O +opposite O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +indicate O +that O +31P O +NMR O +spectroscopy O +is O +a O +promising O +tool O +for O +investigating O +organic O +phosphate B-Chemical +interactions O +with O +hemoglobin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +interaction O +of O +the O +alpha O +- O +helical O +poly O +- O +L O +- O +lysine O +- O +heme O +complex O +with O +molecular O +oxygen B-Chemical +, O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +, O +or O +cyanide O +ion O +was O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +About O +60 O +% O +of O +the O +heme O +was O +transferred O +from O +hemichrome O +to O +albumin O +when O +the O +mixture O +was O +kept O +standing O +at O +room O +temperature O +for O +5 O +min O +, O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +only O +5 O +% O +from O +methemoglobin O +. O + +aps B-category +Chymotrypsin O +is O +specifically O +adsorbed O +at O +low O +ionic O +strength O +and O +alkaline O +pH O +to O +hydroxyalkyl O +methacrylate O +gels O +with O +N O +- O +benzyloxycarbonylglycl O +- O +D O +- O +phenylalanine O +or O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +benzyloxycarbonylglycyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical +attached O +through O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +hexanediamine O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +found O +from O +spectrophotometric O +titration O +and O +proton O +balance O +measurement O +that O +the O +pKa O +value O +of O +a O +heme O +- O +linked O +protonation O +group O +of O +horseradish O +ferro O +- O +peroxidase O +C O +( O +donor O +: O +H2O2 B-Chemical +oxidoreductase O +, O +EC O +1 O +. O +11 O +. O +1 O +. O +7 O +) O +shifted O +from O +7 O +. O +25 O +to O +8 O +. O +25 O +upon O +combination O +with O +CO O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +difference O +in O +the O +strength O +of O +such O +hydrogen B-Chemical +bonding O +between O +peroxidase O +and O +myoglobin O +was O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Out O +of O +eight O +proteins O +containing O +a O +single O +tryptophan B-Chemical +residue O +per O +molecule O +, O +seven O +proteins O +display O +multiexponential O +decay O +kinetics O +, O +suggesting O +that O +variability O +in O +protein O +structure O +may O +exist O +for O +most O +proteins O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +comparison O +of O +the O +decay O +data O +with O +the O +quantum O +yield O +of O +the O +proteins O +raises O +the O +possibility O +that O +a O +subgroup O +of O +the O +tryptophan B-Chemical +residues O +is O +fully O +quenched O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +therefore O +concluded O +that O +each O +tryptophan B-Chemical +residue O +interacts O +in O +a O +more O +- O +or O +- O +less O +random O +manner O +with O +other O +groups O +on O +the O +polypeptide O +chain O +, O +and O +that O +on O +the O +average O +the O +different O +tryptophan B-Chemical +residues O +in O +denatured O +proteins O +have O +a O +similar O +type O +of O +environment O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +partial O +characterization O +of O +the O +primary O +structure O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +( O +D O +- O +Amino O +- O +acid O +: O +oxygen B-Chemical +oxidoreductase O +( O +deaminating O +) O +, O +EC O +1 O +. O +4 O +. O +3 O +. O +3 O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +Chymotryptic O +peptides O +containing O +the O +5 O +alkylated O +thiols B-Chemical +of O +the O +monomer O +enzyme O +( O +Curti O +, O +B O +. O +, O +Ronchi O +, O +S O +. O +, O +branzoli O +, O +U O +. O +, O +Ferri O +, O +G O +. O +and O +Williams O +, O +Jr O +. O +, O +C O +. O +H O +. O +( O +1973 O +) O +Biochim O +. O + +aps B-category +Thyroglobulins O +prepared O +from O +unfrozen O +glands O +pH O +7 O +. O +2 O +in O +0 O +. O +1 O +M O +sodium B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +using O +slice O +extraction O +, O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +precipitation O +and O +Sepharose O +6B O +gel O +filtration O +were O +devoid O +of O +acid O +proteolytic O +activity O +but O +still O +underwent O +autodigestion O +at O +pH O +8 O +. O +6 O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +increasing O +the O +amount O +of O +potassium B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +in O +the O +medium O +, O +the O +catabolite O +repression O +of O +the O +enzyme O +having O +an O +optimum O +pH O +at O +6 O +. O +0 O +and O +which O +is O +insensitive O +to O +feedback O +inhibition O +, O +was O +released O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +insensitive O +enzymes O +were O +not O +regulated O +by O +isoleucine O +, O +leucine B-Chemical +and O +valine O +, O +although O +sensitive O +pH O +8 O +. O +0 O +enzyme O +was O +repressed O +by O +them O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxidation O +of O +N O +- O +methyl O +substituted O +hypoxanthines O +, O +xanthines O +, O +purine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +, O +8 O +- O +diones O +and O +the O +corresponding O +6 O +- O +thioxo O +derivatives O +by O +bovine O +milk O +xanthine B-Chemical +oxidase O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +all O +purines O +which O +are O +rapidly O +attacked O +by O +xanthine B-Chemical +oxidase O +, O +proper O +attachment O +to O +the O +active O +center O +is O +mediated O +by O +the O +groupings O +( O +3 O +) O +NH O +, O +( O +9 O +) O +N O +or O +( O +3 O +) O +N O +, O +( O +9 O +) O +NH O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +catalyzed O +the O +hydrolysis O +of O +butyrylcholine O +with O +the O +miximum O +activity O +among O +various O +esters O +tested O +, O +and O +split O +benzoylcholine B-Chemical +, O +propionylcholine O +and O +some O +aliphatic O +esters O +, O +but O +did O +not O +attact O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +was O +inhibited O +by O +some O +compounds O +, O +such O +as O +atropine B-Chemical +and O +quinidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +procoagulant O +, O +fibrinogenolytic O +, O +aminoesterase O +and O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +activities O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +forms O +had O +the O +same O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +. O + +aps B-category +High O +sodium B-Chemical +cholate B-Chemical +concentration O +or O +methanol O +/ O +chloroform B-Chemical +/ O +ether B-Chemical +solvent O +were O +effective O +without O +loss O +of O +enzymatic O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +in O +the O +complex O +has O +not O +yet O +been O +elucidated O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +were O +stable O +up O +to O +70 O +degrees O +C O +with O +rapid O +loss O +of O +activity O +between O +75 O +- O +80 O +degrees O +C O +; O +both O +retained O +25 O +- O +30 O +% O +activity O +in O +6 O +M O +urea B-Chemical +and O +65 O +% O +of O +the O +original O +activity O +could O +be O +restored O +in O +the O +coupled O +preparation O +by O +removal O +of O +the O +urea B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +did O +not O +need O +metal O +ions O +for O +optimal O +activity O +, O +monovalent O +cations O +did O +not O +influence O +its O +kinetic O +parameters O +, O +but O +it O +was O +inhibited O +by O +cobalt B-Chemical +, O +pC1HgBzO O +- O +and O +TosPheCH2C1 O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +to O +its O +substrate O +specificity O +, O +the O +enzyme O +belongs O +to O +the O +so O +called O +leucine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminopeptidases I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Analogous O +soluble O +and O +insoluble O +derivatives O +of O +subtilisin O +Novo O +( O +EC O +3 O +. O +4 O +. O +21 O +. O +14 O +) O +were O +prepared O +by O +coupling O +the O +enzyme O +to O +CNBr O +- O +activated O +DEAE B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dextran I-Chemical +and O +DEAE O +- O +Sephadex O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Compared O +with O +subtilisin O +, O +DEAE B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dextran I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +subtilisin I-Chemical +showed O +a O +40 O +- O +65 O +% O +reduction O +of O +kcat O +for O +hydrolysis O +of O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +ethyl O +ester O +, O +p B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tosyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +methyl O +ester O +and O +benzyloxycarbonyl O +- O +glycyl O +- O +L O +- O +tyrosinamide O +and O +its O +maximum O +velocities O +for O +digestion O +of O +casein O +and O +clupein O +also O +amounted O +to O +40 O +- O +60 O +% O +of O +the O +subtilisin O +values O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +of O +urease O +were O +modified O +by O +the O +anhydride O +at O +a O +molar O +ratio O +of O +2000 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibition O +was O +shown O +to O +be O +the O +result O +of O +tight O +binding O +of O +fluoride B-Chemical +by O +two O +catalytically O +active O +enzyme O +- O +substrate O +complexes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +- O +dependence O +of O +the O +inhibition O +reaction O +in O +the O +alkaline O +medium O +indicates O +that O +both O +the O +fluoride B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +enzyme I-Chemical +interaction O +and O +the O +catalytic O +step O +of O +the O +pyrophosphatase O +reaction O +are O +controlled O +by O +the O +same O +group O +on O +the O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +Extraction O +of O +the O +microsomes O +with O +KCl O +, O +KSCN O +, O +urea B-Chemical +or O +Triton O +X O +- O +100 O +did O +not O +change O +the O +ratio O +of O +diacylglycerol O +hydrolysis O +at O +pH O +4 O +. O +8 O +and O +8 O +. O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +significance O +of O +the O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +proteins O +is O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +synthesis O +of O +the O +ribonuclease O +was O +inhibited O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +rifampicin B-Chemical +, O +cycloheximide B-Chemical +or O +orthophosphate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +ions O +, O +temperature O +and O +pH O +on O +the O +number O +of O +cells O +separated O +in O +the O +course O +of O +dispersion O +procedure O +was O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Solvent O +effects O +were O +relatively O +small O +and O +no O +firm O +evidence O +for O +binding O +of O +ligands O +trans O +to O +bridging O +oxygen B-Chemical +was O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +Reported O +here O +are O +studies O +on O +the O +copper B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetylgylcylglycine I-Chemical +system O +as O +a O +function O +of O +pH O +and O +the O +molar O +ratio O +between O +the O +ligand O +and O +the O +paramagnetic O +ion O +, O +applying O +potentiometric O +titration O +, O +magnetic O +resonances O +( O +esr O +and O +nmr O +) O +and O +spectrophotometric O +techniques O +. O + +aps B-category +Precipitation O +of O +copper B-Chemical +occurs O +in O +region O +II O +( O +pH O +- O +7 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +method O +for O +the O +estimation O +of O +acetanilide O +, O +paracetamol B-Chemical +and O +phenacetin B-Chemical +in O +plasma O +and O +urine O +using O +mass O +fragmentography O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +are O +produced O +by O +reaction O +of O +hexadeuterioacetic O +anhydride O +with O +the O +appropriate O +aromatic O +amine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +internal O +standard O +is O +added O +to O +the O +plasma O +or O +urine O +after O +enzymatic O +hydrolysis O +of O +the O +paracetamol B-Chemical +conjugates O +and O +an O +ethyl O +acetate O +extract O +at O +pH O +5 O +is O +evaporated O +under O +nitrogen B-Chemical +and O +the O +residue O +derivatized O +with O +N O +, O +O O +- O +bis O +- O +( O +trimethylsilyl O +) O +- O +acetamide O +. O + +aps B-category +Calibration O +curves O +relating O +different O +weight O +ratios O +of O +the O +hydrogen B-Chemical +and O +deuterium O +compounds O +to O +their O +respective O +signals O +from O +the O +gas O +chromatography O +mass O +spectrometer O +are O +used O +to O +calculate O +the O +amount O +of O +a O +compound O +in O +a O +particular O +sample O +. O + +aps B-category +Preliminary O +results O +from O +experiments O +with O +phenacetin B-Chemical +will O +be O +discussed O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +kinetics O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tritium I-Chemical +exchange O +were O +studied O +in O +the O +range O +pH O +- O +3 O +for O +both O +the O +fully O +and O +partially O +tritiated O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +electrophilic O +reactivities O +of O +various O +safrole O +derivatives O +with O +nucleosides B-Chemical +were O +determined O +to O +be O +in O +the O +order O +of O +1 O +' O +- O +oxosafrole O +greater O +than O +1 O +' O +- O +acetoxysafrole O +greater O +than O +1 O +' O +- O +acetoxysafrole O +- O +2 O +' O +, O +3 O +' O +- O +oxide O +greater O +than O +1 O +' O +- O +hydroxysafrole O +- O +2 O +' O +, O +3 O +' O +- O +oxide O +greater O +than O +safrole O +- O +2 O +' O +, O +3 O +' O +- O +oxide O +greater O +than O +or O +equal O +to O +1 O +' O +- O +oxosafrole O +- O +2 O +' O +, O +3 O +' O +- O +oxide O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +major O +reaction O +product O +of O +1 O +' O +- O +acetoxysafrole O +and O +guanosine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +yielded O +3 O +' O +- O +hydroxyisosafrole O +under O +very O +mild O +acidic O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +cultured O +mammalian O +cell O +lines O +, O +differing O +in O +intrinsic O +resistance O +to O +methotrexate B-Chemical +over O +a O +70 O +- O +fold O +range O +, O +have O +been O +compared O +with O +respect O +to O +several O +biochemical O +factors O +that O +might O +influence O +response O +to O +the O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +the O +cell O +types O +were O +able O +to O +transport O +extracellular O +methotrexate B-Chemical +efficiently O +across O +the O +cell O +membrane O +, O +and O +at O +comparable O +rates O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +study O +was O +made O +of O +the O +inhibition O +of O +the O +four O +dihydrofolate O +reductases O +by O +methotrexate B-Chemical +, O +and O +Ki O +values O +were O +obtained O +by O +fitting O +the O +Zone O +B O +equation O +of O +Goldstein O +( O +Goldstein O +, O +A O +. O +, O +J O +. O +Gen O +. O + +aps B-category +Aflatoxicol O +was O +apparently O +formed O +by O +a O +reduced O +nicotinamide B-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +dinucleotide I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +soluble O +enzyme O +of O +the O +105 O +, O +000 O +x O +g O +supernatant O +from O +rainbow O +trout O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +reduced O +nicotinamide B-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +dinucleotide I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +and O +trout O +liver O +microsomes O +, O +aflatoxicol O +reduced O +the O +viability O +of O +B O +. O +subtilis O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Passage O +of O +the O +active O +acetone O +- O +precipitated O +UF O +fractions O +through O +a O +Sephadex O +G O +- O +25 O +column O +yielded O +eluate O +pools O +with O +enhanced O +toxigenic O +activity O +in O +, O +or O +adjacent O +to O +, O +the O +void O +volume O +, O +but O +maximum O +activity O +of O +the O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +- O +precipitated O +UM O +- O +05 O +retentate O +eluated O +at O +a O +Kav O +of O +0 O +. O +38 O +to O +0 O +. O +52 O +. O + +aps B-category +Diethylaminoethyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dextran I-Chemical +did O +not O +enhance O +the O +plaque O +- O +forming O +ability O +of O +the O +mutant O +viruses O +at O +38 O +. O +5C O +. O + +aps B-category +NaOH B-Chemical +or O +1 O +M O +acetate O +buffer O +at O +pH O +6 O +. O +0 O +sharpened O +e O +. O +p O +. O +r O +. 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O +0 O +with O +concurrent O +increases O +in O +salivary O +F O +to O +as O +high O +as O +190 O +ppm O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +average O +pH O +of O +an O +in O +vitro O +1 O +% O +- O +sorbose O +/ O +saliva O +mixture O +increased O +with O +time O +when O +compared O +with O +a O +highly O +significant O +pH O +- O +decrease O +of O +a O +sucrose B-Chemical +/ O +saliva O +mixture O +. O + +aps B-category +Nitrogen O +metabolism O +and O +wethers O +as O +affected O +by O +dietary O +protein O +solubility O +and O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +profile O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +toxicity O +of O +sulphur O +dioxide O +towards O +certain O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +bacteria O +from O +fermented O +apple O +juice O +. O + +aps B-category +Fifteen O +fungal O +species O +, O +all O +isolated O +from O +food O +, O +were O +compared O +for O +their O +growth O +abilities O +on O +potato O +dextrose B-Chemical +agar O +acidified O +to O +pH O +3 O +. O +5 O +, O +and O +on O +nonacidified O +potato O +dextrose B-Chemical +agar O +amended O +with O +40 O +ppm O +chlortetracycline O +hydrochloride O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +1 O +) O +Compared O +with O +control O +rats O +fed O +on O +the O +basal O +diet O +, O +the O +catalase O +[ O +EC O +1 O +. O +11 O +. O +1 O +. O +6 O +] O +activity O +of O +rat O +livers O +after O +the O +administration O +of O +CPIB O +increased O +about O +2 O +. O +5 O +- O +fold O +, O +while O +urate B-Chemical +oxidase O +[ O +EC O +1 O +. O +7 O +. O +3 O +. O +3 O +] O +activity O +did O +not O +change O +significantly O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +decrease O +in O +the O +hepatic O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +activity O +of O +CPIB O +- O +treated O +rats O +was O +observed O +in O +all O +the O +fractions O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +was O +also O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +Peptides O +containing O +hydrophobic O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +were O +hydrolyzed O +rapidly O +. O + +aps B-category +Diisopropyl O +fluorophosphate O +( O +DFP O +) O +and O +phenylmethanesulfonyl O +fluoride B-Chemical +( O +PMSF O +) O +stoichiometrically O +and O +irreversively O +inhibited O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +temperature O +and O +citrate B-Chemical +anions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +high O +pHi O +of O +ACD O +blood O +was O +a O +results O +of O +the O +temperature O +at O +which O +the O +pHe O +and O +the O +pHi O +were O +measured O +( O +4degrees O +) O +and O +the O +presence O +of O +citrate B-Chemical +anions O +in O +the O +medium O +, O +and O +could O +be O +explained O +by O +application O +of O +the O +Donnan O +- O +Gibbs O +equilibrium O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purified O +RNASES O +were O +not O +different O +from O +the O +bound O +enzymes O +as O +regards O +activation O +by O +inorganic O +ions O +and O +urea B-Chemical +and O +the O +dependence O +of O +the O +activity O +upon O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +protein O +contains O +851 O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +per O +mole O +of O +the O +enzyme O +: O +Lys28 O +, O +His11 O +, O +Arg52 O +, O +Asp79 O +, O +Thr58 O +, O +Ser56 O +, O +Glu68 O +, O +Pro20 O +, O +Gly80 O +, O +Ala107 O +, O +Val112 O +, O +Met24 O +, O +Ile31 O +, O +Leu88 O +, O +Tyr7 O +, O +Phe22 O +, O +Trp4 O +, O +and O +Cys4 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activity O +of O +phospholipase O +C O +- O +I O +was O +inhibited O +by O +high O +concentrations O +of O +various O +detergents O +such O +as O +Triton O +X O +- O +100 O +, O +sodium B-Chemical +, O +cholate B-Chemical +, O +SDS O +and O +was O +also O +inhibited O +by O +Ca2 O ++ O +, O +Ba2 O ++ O +, O +Al3 O ++ O +, O +and O +EDTA O +, O +but O +was O +stimulated O +by O +Mg2 O ++ O +, O +and O +ethyl O +ether B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Chemical O +modification O +of O +stem O +bromelain O +I O +- O +1 O +and O +fruit O +bromelain O +A O +with O +2 O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +5 O +- O +nitrobenzyl O +bromide B-Chemical +, O +tetranitromethane O +, O +and O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Control O +of O +rabbit O +liver O +fructose O +- O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +diphosphatase O +activity O +by O +magnesium B-Chemical +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +forms O +( O +Peak O +A O +and O +Peak O +B O +) O +of O +thymidine B-Chemical +kinase O +[ O +EC O +2 O +. O +7 O +. O +1 O +. O +75 O +] O +from O +regenerating O +rat O +liver O +cytosol O +were O +resolved O +and O +partially O +purified O +by O +Deae O +- O +cellulose O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +Peak O +B O +differed O +from O +Peak O +A O +in O +heat O +sensitivity O +, O +inhibition O +by O +dCTP O +and O +Km O +for O +thymidine B-Chemical +and O +ATP O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +SH O +groups O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +[ O +EC O +6 O +. O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +2 O +] O +from O +Bacillus O +stearothermophilus O +were O +modified O +with O +5 O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +dithiobis O +( O +2 O +- O +nitrobenzoic O +acid O +) O +in O +order O +to O +determine O +the O +number O +of O +SH O +groups O +in O +the O +molecule O +as O +well O +as O +the O +effect O +of O +the O +modification O +on O +the O +enzyme O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +CD O +spectra O +of O +the O +modified O +enzyme O +in O +the O +near O +ultraviolet O +region O +changed O +from O +that O +of O +the O +native O +enzyme O +, O +indicating O +that O +aromatic O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +were O +affected O +by O +modification O +of O +the O +SH O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +acetylation O +did O +not O +affect O +the O +molecular O +shape O +of O +the O +enzyme O +, O +but O +changed O +six O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +to O +a O +non O +- O +ionizable O +form O +, O +leaving O +one O +amino B-Chemical +group O +free O +; O +this O +was O +determined O +to O +be O +Lys O +33 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purified O +active O +fragment O +consisted O +of O +a O +single O +peptide O +chain O +with O +a O +molecular O +weight O +of O +4 O +, O +300 O +, O +comprising O +39 O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +was O +strongly O +inhibited O +by O +diisopropyl O +fluorophosphate O +, O +partly O +inhibited O +by O +HgCl2 O +and O +not O +inhibited O +by O +EDTA O +, O +p O +- O +chloromercuribenzoic O +acid O +, O +N O +- O +tosyl O +- O +L O +- O +lysine O +chloromethyl O +ketone B-Chemical +, O +N O +- O +tosyl O +- O +L O +- O +phenylalanine O +chloromethyl O +ketone B-Chemical +, O +and O +soybean O +trypsin O +inhibitor O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +isomers O +of O +malate B-Chemical +and O +oxalate O +, O +which O +are O +presumably O +substrate O +analogues O +, O +inhibit O +the O +enzyme O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +method O +has O +been O +devised O +for O +the O +quantitative O +separation O +of O +trace O +amounts O +of O +alditols O +from O +mixtures O +with O +large O +amounts O +of O +monosaccharides B-Chemical +, O +using O +a O +strongly O +basic O +ion O +- O +exchange O +resin O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +change O +in O +the O +activity O +of O +a O +trypsin O +inhibitor O +from O +barley O +was O +observed O +on O +treatment O +with O +heat O +and O +denaturants O +such O +as O +urea B-Chemical +and O +guanidine O +hydrochloride O +. O + +aps B-category +Fluorine O +- O +19 O +as O +a O +covalent O +active O +site O +- O +directed O +magnetic O +resonance O +probe O +in O +aspartate B-Chemical +transaminase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +compound O +behaves O +as O +a O +pyridoxamine O +phosphate B-Chemical +derivative O +and O +not O +as O +a O +coenzyme O +- O +substrate O +complex O +, O +since O +both O +competing O +anions O +and O +dicarboxylic O +acid O +inhibitors O +still O +bind O +to O +the O +phosphopyridoxyl O +trifluoroethylamine O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +evidence O +suggests O +a O +possible O +epsilon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +group O +, O +electrostatically O +affected O +by O +positive O +charges O +, O +being O +responsible O +for O +the O +titration O +effect O +of O +the O +active O +site O +- O +bound O +fluorine O +derivative O +of O +pyridoxamine O +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +several O +inhibitors O +( O +ATP O +, O +ADP O +, O +AMP O +, O +UDP O +, O +and O +P1 O +) O +and O +activators O +( O +Mg2 O ++ O +, O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +P I-Chemical +) O +of O +rabbit O +muscle O +glycogen O +synthase O +( O +UDP B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +: O +glycogen O +4 O +- O +alpha O +- O +glucosyltransferase O +, O +EC O +2 O +. O +4 O +. O +1 O +. O +11 O +) O +were O +studied O +in O +relation O +to O +the O +phosphorylation O +state O +of O +the O +purified O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Lysophospholipids O +and O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +the O +products O +of O +hydrolysis O +, O +remained O +in O +the O +lipoprotein O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +pH O +range O +of O +6 O +. O +0 O +to O +7 O +. O +0 O +, O +this O +concentration O +of O +Pi O +was O +4 O +- O +to O +10 O +- O +fold O +higher O +in O +empty O +vesicles O +than O +in O +vesicles O +loaded O +with O +calcium B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O + +aps B-category +Circular O +dichroism O +studies O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +biotin B-Chemical +carboxyl O +carrier O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +biotin I-Chemical +exhibits O +a O +positive O +CD O +band O +at O +233 O +nm O +, O +it O +was O +suspected O +that O +the O +biotin B-Chemical +prosthetic O +group O +might O +be O +the O +chromophore O +responsible O +for O +the O +237 O +nm O +CD O +band O +seen O +in O +BCCP O +( O +SC O +) O +and O +BCCP O +( O +9 O +, O +100 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +date O +suggest O +that O +the O +237 O +nm O +signal O +may O +be O +due O +either O +to O +the O +biotin B-Chemical +which O +acts O +as O +a O +chromophore O +directly O +or O +to O +a O +chromophore O +that O +is O +perturbed O +by O +the O +carboxylation O +of O +biotin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +At O +pH O +values O +over O +9 O +the O +CD O +spetrum O +changed O +with O +the O +disappearance O +of O +the O +237 O +nm O +band O +, O +suggesting O +that O +tyrosine B-Chemical +might O +contribute O +to O +this O +CD O +band O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +the O +CD O +band O +at O +237 O +nm O +in O +BCCP O +( O +SC O +) O +and O +BCCP O +( O +9 O +, O +100 O +) O +is O +prabably O +due O +to O +a O +noncovalent O +interaction O +of O +biotin B-Chemical +with O +an O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residue O +( O +s O +) O +of O +the O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +separate O +reactions O +of O +the O +hydroxy O +yl O +radical O +and O +hydrogen B-Chemical +atom O +, O +as O +well O +as O +of O +e O +- O +a O +- O +q O +, O +were O +studied O +by O +observing O +absorbance O +changes O +in O +the O +protein O +spectrum O +over O +the O +wavelength O +range O +290 O +to O +600nm O +, O +with O +appropriate O +scavengers O +in O +solution O +. O +. O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +presence O +of O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +in O +the O +growth O +medium O +is O +essential O +for O +optimal O +enzyme O +production O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +inhibits O +the O +production O +of O +glutaminase O +- O +asparaginase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Km O +values O +for O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamine I-Chemical +and O +L O +- O +asparagine O +are O +4 O +. O +6 O +and O +4 O +. O +4 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +M O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +L O +- O +Glutamic O +acid O +gamma O +- O +monohydroxamate O +is O +hydrolyzed O +at O +approximately O +the O +same O +rate O +as O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +plasma O +half O +- O +life O +of O +Pseudomonas O +7A O +glutaminase O +- O +asparaginase O +if O +13 O +hours O +in O +normal O +mice O +and O +43 O +hours O +in O +mice O +infected O +with O +the O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +- O +elevating O +virus O +. O + +aps B-category +Activity O +was O +highest O +at O +pH O +8 O +. O +0 O +to O +8 O +. O +5 O +, O +and O +was O +stimulated O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +fluoride B-Chemical +and O +GppNHp O +, O +a O +GTP O +analogue O +known O +to O +stimulate O +adenylate O +cyclase O +activity O +in O +plasma O +membrane O +preparations O +. O + +aps B-category +Superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +was O +assayed O +by O +a O +method O +which O +takes O +advantage O +of O +the O +inhibitory O +action O +of O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +( O +or O +tissues O +which O +contain O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +) O +on O +the O +rate O +of O +autooxidation O +of O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxydopamine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +was O +not O +reversed O +by O +dialysis O +, O +but O +after O +dialysis O +, O +enzymatic O +activity O +was O +restored O +with O +CuSO4 O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +dose O +of O +0 O +. O +5 O +g O +of O +diethyldithiocarbamate O +/ O +kg O +lowered O +the O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +activity O +by O +42 O +% O +in O +liver O +at O +3 O +hours O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +in O +vivo O +and O +in O +vitro O +was O +confirmed O +with O +other O +assay O +systems O +based O +on O +the O +autooxidation O +of O +pyrogallol O +or O +epinephrine B-Chemical +or O +on O +reduction O +of O +cytochrome O +c O +or O +intro O +blue O +tetrazolium O +. O + +aps B-category +Potentiometric O +measurements O +of O +K O ++ O +and O +H O ++ O +fluxes O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +selected O +ionophores O +and O +uncouplers O +indicated O +that O +the O +membrane O +is O +highly O +impermeable O +to O +both O +protons O +and O +potassium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Triglyceride O +, O +diglyceride O +, O +monoglyceride O +, O +and O +cholesterol B-Chemical +ester O +hydrolases O +in O +chicken O +adipose O +tissue O +activated O +by O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +- O +Monophosphate O +- O +dependent O +protein O +kinase O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +activation O +by O +cAMP B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +protein O +kinase O +, O +all O +four O +hydrolases O +were O +deactivated O +in O +a O +Mg2 O ++ O +- O +dependent O +reaction O +and O +then O +reactivated O +to O +or O +near O +initial O +levels O +on O +incubation O +with O +cAMP B-Chemical +and O +Mg2 O ++ O +- O +ATP O +. O + +aps B-category +Lipoprotein O +lipase O +was O +active O +against O +triolein O +, O +diolein O +, O +and O +monoolein O +, O +but O +not O +cholesterol B-Chemical +oleate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +immunoglobin O +G O +fraction O +from O +these O +antisera O +completely O +inhibited O +lipoprotein O +lipase O +eluted O +from O +heparin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Sepharose I-Chemical +columns O +. O + +aps B-category +Apparently O +lipoprotein O +lipase O +activity O +is O +not O +regulated O +, O +at O +least O +directly O +, O +by O +cAMP B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +protein O +kinase O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +purposes O +of O +comparison O +, O +binding O +isotherms O +for O +[ O +4 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glycine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( O +14 O +) O +C O +] O +oxytocin B-Chemical +to O +neurophysin O +II O +and O +I O +in O +aqueous O +buffer O +, O +and O +[ O +9 O +- O +glycinamide O +- O +1 O +- O +( O +14 O +) O +C O +] O +oxytocin B-Chemical +to O +neurophysin O +II O +in O +dimethylsulfoxide O +under O +selected O +conditions O +are O +also O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +include O +glucose B-Chemical +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +diphosphate O +( O +Ki O += O +9 O +. O +4 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +, O +hexitol O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +diphosphate O +( O +Ki O += O +2 O +. O +3 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +) O +, O +and O +2 O +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +anhydro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +mannitol I-Chemical +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +diphosphate O +( O +Ki O += O +3 O +. O +3 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +8 O +) O +M O +) O +, O +and O +2 O +, O +5 O +- O +anhydro O +- O +D O +- O +glucitol O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +diphosphate O +( O +Ki O += O +5 O +. O +5 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +7 O +) O +M O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +2 O +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +anhydro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +mannitol I-Chemical +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +diphosphate O +is O +an O +analog O +of O +the O +beta O +anomer O +of O +fructose O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +diphosphate O +and O +2 O +, O +5 O +- O +anhydro O +- O +D O +- O +glucitol O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +diphosphate O +is O +an O +analog O +of O +the O +alpha O +anomer O +, O +the O +lower O +Ki O +for O +the O +mannitol B-Chemical +analog O +may O +indicate O +that O +the O +beta O +anomer O +of O +fructose O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +diphosphate O +, O +which O +predominates O +in O +solution O +, O +is O +the O +true O +substrate O +. O + +aps B-category +Genetic O +variants O +of O +human O +erythrocyte O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +pH O +values O +correspond O +closely O +, O +for O +all O +three O +variants O +, O +to O +the O +sharp O +extrema O +in O +the O +pH O +dependence O +of O +their O +Km O +values O +for O +glucose B-Chemical +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +absence O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +in O +porcine O +muscle O +adenylate O +kinase O +, O +the O +spectral O +change O +may O +be O +assigned O +to O +a O +perturbation O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +chromophore O +( O +s O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +yellow O +- O +colored O +product O +, O +separated O +from O +unmodified O +enzyme O +by O +substrate O +gradient O +elution O +on O +a O +phosphocellulose O +column O +, O +had O +about O +1 O +mol O +of O +nitrotyrosine B-Chemical +per O +mol O +of O +the O +enzyme O +by O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +analysis O +and O +showed O +a O +slightly O +higher O +Km O +value O +than O +native O +enzyme O +for O +ADP O +( O +Km O += O +0 O +. O +50 O +mM O +compared O +with O +0 O +. O +25 O +mM O +for O +native O +adenylate O +kinase O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Antifreeze O +glycoprotein O +, O +which O +has O +previously O +been O +shown O +to O +be O +inactive O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +borate O +, O +migrates O +electrophoretically O +as O +the O +borate O +complex O +, O +presumably O +through O +formation O +of O +borate O +complexes O +with O +hydroxyl B-Chemical +groups O +on O +the O +sugar O +side O +chains O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +method O +for O +assessing O +the O +binding O +of O +3H O +- O +labeled O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E1 I-Chemical +( O +[ O +3H O +] O +PGE1 B-Chemical +) O +to O +cell O +membranes O +has O +been O +developed O +and O +used O +to O +study O +the O +interaction O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +PGE1 B-Chemical +with O +membranes O +from O +cultured O +mammalian O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +clone O +B82 O +, O +a O +murine O +L O +- O +cell O +, O +[ O +3H O +] O +PGE1 B-Chemical +binds O +with O +an O +activation O +energy O +of O +14 O +kcal O +/ O +mol O +to O +a O +class O +of O +sites O +with O +an O +affinity O +of O +0 O +. O +5 O +X O +10 O +( O +8 O +) O +M O +- O +1 O +and O +a O +capacity O +of O +150 O +fmol O +/ O +mg O +of O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +several O +clones O +that O +lack O +PGE1 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +responsive I-Chemical +adenylate O +cyclase O +, O +no O +specific O +[ O +3H O +] O +PGE1 B-Chemical +binding O +is O +detectable O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mechanism O +by O +which O +superoxide B-Chemical +anion O +is O +generated O +by O +the O +interaction O +of O +phenylhydrazine B-Chemical +with O +either O +oxy O +- O +or O +methemoglobin O +was O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Generation O +of O +phenyldiazine O +from O +the O +oxidation O +of O +phenylhydrazine B-Chemical +by O +hemoglobin O +or O +by O +the O +hydrolysis O +and O +subsequent O +decarboxylation O +of O +methyl O +phenylazoformate O +( O +C6H5N O += O +NCOOCH3 O +) O +resulted O +in O +the O +production O +of O +superoxide B-Chemical +anion O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stoichiometry O +of O +incorporation O +, O +the O +kinetics O +of O +inactivation O +, O +and O +the O +protection O +against O +inactivation O +afforded O +by O +a O +competitive O +inhibitor O +or O +dihydroxyacetone O +phosphate B-Chemical +are O +consistent O +with O +the O +involvement O +of O +an O +active O +site O +residue O +. O + +aps B-category +Based O +on O +its O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +and O +the O +known O +sequence O +of O +aldolase O +, O +Lys O +- O +146 O +is O +the O +residue O +preferentially O +alkylated O +by O +the O +reagent O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +can O +be O +derepressed O +more O +than O +1 O +, O +000 O +- O +fold O +by O +starving O +the O +cells O +for O +phosphate B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +At O +the O +biochemical O +level O +cardiac O +guanyl O +cyclase O +activity O +is O +enhanced O +2 O +- O +- O +3 O +times O +with O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +and O +this O +enhancement O +is O +completely O +blocked O +by O +atropine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +post O +- O +nuclear O +fraction O +of O +rat O +heart O +tissue O +was O +fractionated O +by O +isopycnic O +zonal O +centrifugation O +in O +sucrose B-Chemical +gradients O +, O +followed O +by O +differential O +centrifugation O +of O +the O +zonal O +fractions O +( O +rho O +- O +S O +fractionation O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Lysophospholipids O +and O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +accumulate O +in O +association O +with O +release O +of O +hydrolases O +from O +the O +lysosomes O +into O +the O +supernatant O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +some O +disorders O +of O +connective O +tissues O +, O +such O +as O +systemic O +lupus O +erythematosus O +, O +polyarteritis O +nodosa O +and O +Wegener O +' O +s O +granulomatosis O +, O +corticosteroids B-Chemical +and O +immunosuppressive O +agents O +seem O +to O +exert O +a O +favourable O +effect O +on O +the O +course O +of O +renal O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +[ O +3H O +] O +rifampicin B-Chemical +is O +incubated O +with O +rat O +liver O +microsomes O +or O +rat O +liver O +homogenate O +, O +minor O +amounts O +are O +bound O +irreversibly O +to O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +Rifampicin B-Chemical +is O +autoxidized O +at O +physiological O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Hence O +it O +is O +concluded O +that O +rifampicin B-Chemical +may O +bind O +irreversibly O +to O +proteins O +in O +a O +non O +- O +enzymic O +reaction O +after O +autoxidation O +to O +rifampicin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +quinone I-Chemical +. 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O +9 O +, O +D O +- O +beta O +- O +hydroxybutyrate O +2 O +. O +3 O +; O +cerebral O +release O +: O +lactate B-Chemical +2 O +. O +4 O +and O +pyruvate B-Chemical +0 O +. O +8 O +. O + +aps B-category +Significant O +correlations O +between O +arterial O +concentration O +and O +cerebral O +exchange O +were O +found O +for O +: O +ornithine B-Chemical +, O +arginine O +, O +phenylalanine O +, O +aspartic O +acid O +, O +serine O +, O +glutamine B-Chemical +and O +acetoacetate O +. O + +aps B-category +Older O +lesions O +include O +nodular O +fibrous O +thickening O +of O +the O +arterial O +walls O +, O +and O +intimal O +proliferation O +, O +sometimes O +with O +luminal B-Chemical +obliteration O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effects O +of O +acid O +- O +base O +changes O +upon O +the O +chronotropic O +response O +to O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. 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O +5 O +to O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +and O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +( O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +for O +up O +to O +12 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +mucosal O +and O +venous O +histamine B-Chemical +concentrations O +during O +instillation O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +in O +the O +canine O +stomach O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +histamine B-Chemical +concentration O +in O +the O +gastric O +mucosa O +, O +gastric O +vein O +blood O +, O +and O +gastric O +contents O +in O +dogs O +treated O +with O +40 O +% O +ethanol B-Chemical +was O +significantly O +higher O +than O +in O +dogs O +treated O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +( O +NaCl B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +change O +was O +observed O +after O +administration O +of O +50 O +% O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +25 O +% O +mannitol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mucosa O +of O +the O +dogs O +treated O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +, O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +or O +mannitol B-Chemical +was O +normal O +. O + +aps B-category +Isotonic O +test O +solutions O +at O +an O +acid O +( O +2 O +. O +9 O +% O +or O +neutral O +( O +7 O +. O +0 O +) O +pH O +and O +containing O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +or O +acetate O +ions O +were O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +Fluid O +secretion O +induced O +by O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +was O +associated O +with O +discharge O +of O +mucus O +from O +goblet O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Most O +of O +the O +penicillin B-Chemical +and O +semisynthetic O +penicillins B-Chemical +produced O +residues O +that O +were O +characterized O +as O +amorphous O +, O +flaky O +, O +bulky O +and O +of O +no O +distinct O +shape O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +( O +CPZ O +) O +levels O +of O +50 O +psychotic O +inpatients O +were O +measured O +by O +gas O +liquid O +chromatography O +; O +the O +clinical O +progress O +of O +29 O +of O +these O +patients O +with O +acute O +psychoses O +was O +also O +assessed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +potassium B-Chemical +concentration O +and O +hydration O +status O +of O +the O +patient O +should O +also O +be O +monitored O +closely O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +sperm O +values O +and O +the O +mean O +value O +of O +the O +concentration O +of O +the O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ions O +are O +presented O +. O + +aps B-category +Purification O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +oxidase O +from O +Trigonopsis O +variabilis O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Contribution O +to O +the O +electrochemistry O +of O +thiols B-Chemical +and O +disulfides O +. O + +aps B-category +Arterial O +hypoxemia O +caused O +by O +intravenous O +ketamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Under O +the O +same O +conditions O +, O +in O +7 O +patients O +, O +ketamine B-Chemical +( O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +IV O +) O +preceded O +by O +diazepam B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +IV O +) O +also O +caused O +a O +reduction O +in O +Pao2 O +not O +significantly O +different O +from O +that O +caused O +by O +ketamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Based O +on O +these O +findings O +, O +the O +authors O +recommend O +that O +O2 O +and O +ventilatory O +assistance O +accompany O +ketamine B-Chemical +given O +IV O +for O +anesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +Digitalis B-Chemical +tolerance O +in O +dogs O +anesthetized O +with O +enflurane B-Chemical +, O +isoflurane B-Chemical +, O +fluroxene O +, O +methoxyflurane B-Chemical +, O +and O +diethyl O +ether B-Chemical +was O +compared O +with O +that O +in O +dogs O +anesthetized O +with O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relative O +potency O +of O +these O +anesthetics O +in O +converting O +ouabain B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +ventricular O +tachycardia O +to O +sinus O +rhythm O +, O +in O +order O +of O +descending O +effectiveness O +, O +was O +: O +diethyl O +ether B-Chemical +, O +methoxyflurane B-Chemical +, O +enflurane B-Chemical +, O +fluroxene O +, O +isoflurane B-Chemical +, O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +premedication O +on O +gastric O +juice O +volume O +and O +pH O +were O +evaluated O +in O +five O +groups O +of O +206 O +pediatric O +patients O +undergoing O +elective O +surgical O +procedures O +: O +Group O +1 O +( O +Control O +) O +received O +no O +premedication O +; O +Group O +2 O +was O +given O +morphine B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +and O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +as O +premedicants O +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +premedication O +with O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +nor O +addition O +of O +atropine B-Chemical +or O +scopolamine B-Chemical +to O +the O +premedication O +significantly O +altered O +volume O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidences O +of O +unobtainable O +samples O +and O +samples O +with O +pH O +' O +s O +higher O +than O +2 O +. O +5 O +were O +greatest O +with O +atropine B-Chemical +( O +32 O +. O +0 O +per O +cent O +, O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +and O +glycopyrrolate B-Chemical +( O +58 O +. O +1 O +per O +cent O +, O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reduction O +of O +gastric O +juice O +volume O +and O +acidity O +produced O +by O +glycopyrrolate B-Chemical +would O +have O +important O +clinical O +implications O +in O +case O +of O +accidental O +aspiration O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Complications O +of O +lignocaine B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Mitochondria O +may O +be O +isolated O +from O +various O +types O +of O +leukocyte O +( O +neutrophil O +polymorphs O +and O +lymphocytes O +from O +human O +blood O +, O +neutrophil O +polymorphs O +and O +macrophages O +from O +peritoneal O +exudates O +of O +the O +guinea O +pig O +) O +after O +destruction O +by O +heparin B-Chemical +of O +the O +cell O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +is O +determined O +using O +oxyhemoglobin O +which O +serves O +both O +as O +oxygen B-Chemical +donor O +, O +as O +in O +the O +respiratory O +system O +in O +vivo O +, O +and O +as O +indicator O +of O +the O +reaction O +at O +435 O +. O +8 O +nm O +. O + +aps B-category +Determination O +of O +leukocyte O +coenzymes O +by O +enzyme O +cycling O +( O +NAD O +, O +NADH O +, O +NADP O +, O +NADPH B-Chemical +) O +showed O +the O +following O +facts O +: O +- O +- O +Generally O +, O +the O +NAD O +concentrations O +remain O +constant O +, O +those O +of O +NADH O +increase O +whilst O +those O +of O +NADP O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +fall O +during O +incubation O +of O +neutrophil O +polymorphs O +in O +Dulbecco O +' O +s O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +Detection O +of O +mutant O +hemoglobins O +with O +altered O +affinity O +for O +oxygen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Measurement O +of O +the O +pH O +, O +oxygen B-Chemical +tension O +, O +and O +oxygen B-Chemical +saturation O +of O +antecubital O +venous O +blood O +with O +instruments O +present O +in O +most O +clinical O +chemistry O +laboratories O +permits O +an O +estimate O +of O +the O +strength O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +binding O +to O +hemoglobin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +indicate O +that O +this O +method O +is O +a O +reliable O +initial O +step O +in O +the O +identification O +of O +a O +hemoglobin O +with O +abnormal O +affinity O +for O +oxygen B-Chemical +and O +may O +be O +applied O +to O +population O +studies O +, O +since O +reliable O +results O +are O +obtained O +with O +venous O +blood O +stored O +at O +4 O +degrees O +C O +for O +up O +to O +24 O +hours O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +' O +intermediate O +' O +isozyme O +can O +be O +partially O +dissociated O +to O +equal O +quantities O +of O +L O +and O +' O +fast O +' O +isozymes O +by O +storage O +at O +room O +temperature O +or O +by O +freezing O +and O +thawing O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +2 O +M B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +NaCl I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Products O +of O +mast O +cell O +degranulation O +, O +as O +well O +as O +histamine B-Chemical +and O +serotonin B-Chemical +, O +were O +added O +to O +a O +Mishell O +and O +Dutton O +preparation O +for O +in O +vitro O +primary O +immunisation O +( O +induction O +of O +IgM O +antibody O +formation O +) O +to O +sheep O +or O +horse O +red O +blood O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Criteria O +for O +evaluating O +calcium B-Chemical +carbonate I-Chemical +from O +the O +point O +of O +view O +of O +chlortetracycline O +biosynthesis O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Microfine O +calcium B-Chemical +carbonate I-Chemical +proved O +to O +be O +the O +best O +from O +the O +point O +of O +view O +of O +productivity O +of O +Str O +. O + +aps B-category +pH O +and O +temperature O +conformation O +transitions O +in O +the O +active O +center O +of O +penicillin B-Chemical +amidase O +i O +. O +e O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Importance O +of O +the O +pH O +for O +the O +growth O +of O +the O +gentamicin B-Chemical +producer O +and O +the O +biosynthesis O +of O +the O +antibiotic O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Antibacterial O +activity O +of O +2 O +natural O +and O +12 O +semisynthetic O +penicillins B-Chemical +against O +5 O +strains O +of O +grampositive O +bacteria O +was O +determined O +and O +quantum O +chemical O +estimation O +of O +their O +molecules O +was O +performed O +with O +the O +Hukkel O +method O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Action O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +under O +conditions O +of O +sympathicolysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Biomedical O +aspects O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +regulator O +performance O +: O +I O +. O +Static O +characteristics O +. O + +aps B-category +Outlet O +suction O +pressures O +, O +flows O +, O +positive O +pressures O +, O +and O +delivered O +oxygen B-Chemical +dilutions O +were O +monitored O +and O +recorded O +as O +functions O +of O +operational O +altitudes O +. O + +aps B-category +Biomedical O +aspects O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +regulator O +performance O +: O +II O +. O + +aps B-category +Large O +variations O +in O +outlet O +suction O +pressure O +and O +delivered O +oxygen B-Chemical +concentration O +accompanied O +the O +variable O +breathing O +modes O +of O +human O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +Short O +- O +chain O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesis O +in O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +finding O +that O +propionyl O +- O +CoA O +synthase O +and O +butyryl O +- O +CoA O +synthase O +had O +about O +the O +same O +distribution O +in O +the O +gradients O +as O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +synthase O +adds O +support O +to O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +mitochondria O +involved O +in O +the O +metabolism O +of O +these O +short O +- O +chain O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +( O +all O +three O +of O +which O +have O +been O +shown O +to O +result O +in O +a O +rapid O +and O +high O +labelling O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +in O +vivo O +) O +form O +a O +distinct O +subpopulation O +of O +the O +total O +mitochondrial O +population O +. O + +aps B-category +4 O +for O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +malate I-Chemical +oxidation O +and O +approx O +. 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O +/ O +ml O +) O +the O +bulk O +of O +the O +membranes O +was O +found O +in O +zone O +I O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +addition O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +to O +the O +membranes O +was O +shown O +to O +result O +in O +the O +conversion O +of O +inactive O +protochlorophyll O +( O +ide O +) O +absorbing O +at O +about O +630 O +nm O +into O +a O +form O +( O +s O +) O +with O +light O +- O +absorption O +maxima O +at O +about O +640 O +and O +652 O +nm O +, O +both O +of O +which O +disappear O +when O +chlorophyll O +( O +ide O +) O +is O +formed O +on O +illumination O +. O + +aps B-category +Uptake O +of O +fumarate O +and O +malate B-Chemical +, O +which O +share O +the O +succinate O +- O +transport O +system O +, O +is O +also O +accompanied O +by O +the O +uptake O +of O +approximately O +two O +protons O +per O +molecule O +of O +fumarate O +or O +malate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +uptake O +of O +dicarboxylic O +acids O +by O +the O +dicarboxylic O +acid O +- O +transport O +system O +is O +obligatorily O +coupled O +to O +proton O +uptake O +such O +that O +succinate O +, O +malate B-Chemical +and O +fumarate O +are O +taken O +up O +in O +electroneutral O +form O +and O +asparate O +is O +taken O +up O +in O +cationic O +form O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +GSH O +concentration O +of O +rabbit O +erythrocytes O +was O +monitored O +under O +conditions O +of O +large O +net O +transport O +of O +alanine B-Chemical +, O +phenylalane O +and O +lysine O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +the O +gamma O +- O +glutamyltransferase O +- O +gamma O +- O +glutamylcyclotransferase O +pathway O +does O +not O +participate O +in O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +transport O +by O +these O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +citrate B-Chemical +synthase O +activity O +of O +Acetobacter O +xylinum O +cells O +grown O +on O +glucose B-Chemical +was O +the O +same O +as O +of O +cells O +grown O +on O +intermediates O +of O +the O +tricarboxylic O +acid O +cycle O +. O + +aps B-category +Reaction O +rates O +with O +the O +purified O +enzyme O +were O +hyperbolic O +functions O +of O +both O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +and O +oxaloacetate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +inhibition O +is O +competitive O +with O +respect O +to O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +( O +Ki O += O +0 O +. O +9 O +mM O +) O +and O +non O +- O +competitive O +with O +respect O +to O +oxaloacetate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +the O +flux O +through O +the O +tricarboxylic O +acid O +cycle O +in O +A O +. O +xylinum O +is O +regulated O +by O +modulation O +of O +citrate B-Chemical +synthase O +activity O +in O +response O +to O +the O +energy O +state O +of O +the O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +difference O +in O +molecular O +weight O +was O +confirmed O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulphate O +/ O +polyacrylamide O +- O +gel O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hydrolytic O +and O +transfer O +reactions O +catalysed O +by O +rat O +kidney O +- O +gamma O +- O +glutamyltransferase O +( O +EC O +2 O +. O +3 O +. O +2 O +. O +2 O +) O +were O +studied O +in O +vitro O +with O +substrates O +[ O +U O +- O +14C O +] O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +labelled I-Chemical +glutathione B-Chemical +and O +methionine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Michaelis O +constant O +for O +glutathione B-Chemical +in O +hydrolysis O +was O +13 O +. O +9 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +4 O +mum O +, O +for O +glutathione B-Chemical +in O +transfer O +it O +was O +113 O ++ O +/ O +- O +15 O +muM O +and O +for O +methionine B-Chemical +as O +substrate O +it O +was O +4 O +. O +7 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +7 O +mM O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +is O +reported O +to O +lie O +on O +the O +luminal B-Chemical +surface O +of O +the O +proximal O +straight O +kidney O +tubule O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ability O +of O +a O +particular O +porphyrin O +to O +dimerize O +appears O +to O +parallel O +that O +of O +the O +corresponding O +iron B-Chemical +( O +III O +) O +complexes O +( O +ferrihaems O +) O +, O +although O +it O +is O +thought O +that O +ferrihaems O +do O +not O +exhibit O +further O +aggregation O +under O +these O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +Cytoplasmic O +granules O +were O +isolated O +from O +horse O +blood O +polymorphonuclear O +leucocytes O +by O +the O +heparin B-Chemical +method O +and O +extracted O +with O +0 O +. O +9 O +% O +NaCl B-Chemical +by O +repeated O +freezing O +. O + +aps B-category +Gel O +filtration O +, O +density O +- O +gradient O +centrifugation O +, O +isoelectric O +focusing O +and O +0 O +. O +1 O +% O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulphate O +/ O +polyacrylamide O +- O +gel O +electrophoresis O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +0 O +and O +at O +pH O +4 O +. O +5 O +were O +used O +to O +determine O +molecular O +parameters O +of O +proteinases O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +proteinases O +( O +2A O +and O +2B O +) O +purified O +from O +the O +granular O +fraction O +of O +horse O +blood O +leucocytes O +degrade O +casein O +( O +Km O +values O +12 O +. O +8 O +and O +6mg O +/ O +ml O +respectively O +) O +with O +maximum O +activity O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +4 O +and O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +2m B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +urea I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Proteinase O +2A O +rather O +insensitive O +to O +iodination O +by O +IC1 O +as O +is O +pancreatic O +elastase O +, O +whereas O +proteinase O +2B O +is O +totally O +inactivated O +after O +incorporation O +of O +five O +iodine B-Chemical +atoms O +per O +enzyme O +molecule O +. O + +aps B-category +Acetyl O +- O +Coa O +carboxylase O +from O +lactating O +- O +rabbit O +mammary O +gland O +was O +purified O +to O +homogeneity O +by O +the O +criterion O +of O +polyacrylamide O +- O +gel O +electrophoresis O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulphate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purified O +enzyme O +had O +a O +specific O +activity O +of O +5 O +. O +15 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +3 O +mumol O +of O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +incorporated O +/ O +min O +per O +mg O +of O +protein O +( O +mean O ++ O +/ O +- O +S O +. O +E O +. O +M O +. O + +aps B-category +Short O +incubation O +were O +used O +in O +the O +radio O +- O +chemical O +assay O +to O +avoid O +substantial O +loss O +of O +[ O +14C O +] O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +NADP O ++ O +, O +the O +enzyme O +was O +not O +activated O +by O +P1 O +, O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +with O +the O +activation O +of O +the O +enzyme O +when O +NAD O ++ O +was O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +changes O +in O +the O +activity O +of O +ATP O +citrate B-Chemical +lyase O +, O +which O +mirrored O +acetate O +incorporation O +, O +and O +the O +effect O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +pyruvate B-Chemical +on O +acetate O +corporation O +into O +lipid O +suggests O +that O +some O +of O +the O +lipid O +synthesis O +occurs O +via O +intramitochondrial O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +production O +from O +acetate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activity O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthetase O +broadly O +agreed O +with O +the O +changes O +in O +lipid O +synthesis O +, O +whereas O +the O +activity O +of O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +carboxylase O +was O +barely O +sufficient O +to O +account O +for O +the O +rates O +of O +lipid O +synthesis O +in O +vivo O +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +for O +a O +role O +for O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +- O +cyclic O +monophosphate O +in O +the O +increased O +phosphorylation O +observed O +on O +application O +of O +electrical O +pulses O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stimulating O +effects O +of O +electrical O +pulses O +and O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +on O +protein O +phosphorylation O +were O +antagonized O +by O +the O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blocking O +agents O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propranolol I-Chemical +, O +dichloroisoprenaline O +, O +practolol O +and O +ICI O +66082 O +, O +but O +not O +by O +the O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +blocking O +agents O +, O +phentolamine B-Chemical +and O +phenoxybenzamine O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +postulated O +that O +under O +the O +experimental O +conditions O +used O +the O +action O +of O +electrical O +pulses O +on O +protein O +phosphorylation O +is O +mediated O +by O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +acting O +through O +a O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +receptor O +mechanism O +probably O +involving O +adenylate O +cyclase O +. O + +aps B-category +ADP O +was O +shown O +to O +inhibit O +phosphoglycerate O +- O +dependent O +O2 O +evolution O +in O +a O +simplified O +reconstituted O +chloroplast O +system O +containing O +3 O +- O +phosphoglycerate O +kinase O +and O +triose O +phosphate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +are O +discussed O +in O +terms O +of O +control O +by O +ADP O +of O +phosphoglycerate O +- O +dependent O +oxygen B-Chemical +evolution O +. O + +aps B-category +Pyruvate O +dehydrogenase O +phosphate B-Chemical +phosphatase O +activity O +in O +rat O +epididymal O +fat O +- O +pads O +was O +measured O +by O +using O +pig O +heart O +pyruvate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +[ O +32P O +] O +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +for O +decreased O +inducibility O +by O +insulin O +and O +cortisol B-Chemical +as O +a O +function O +of O +gestational O +age O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +the O +activities O +of O +the O +enzymes O +of O +hepatic O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidation O +during O +development O +of O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Electron O +paramagnetic O +resonance O +studies O +on O +the O +reduction O +of O +the O +components O +of O +complex O +I O +and O +transhydrogenase O +- O +inhibited O +complex O +I O +by O +NADH O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Fructose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +as O +an O +alternative O +substrate O +for O +aldolase O +and O +fructose O +- O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +diphosphatase O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxygen O +inhibition O +of O +nitroreductase O +: O +electron O +transfer O +from O +nitro O +radical O +- O +anions O +to O +oxygen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Dopaminergic O +neurons O +- O +alteration O +in O +the O +sensitivity O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +to O +inhibition O +by O +endovenous O +dopamine B-Chemical +after O +cessation O +of O +impulse O +flow O +. O + +aps B-category +Enzymatic O +defluorination O +of O +methoxyflurane B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +- O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +indicated O +that O +the O +enzyme O +was O +composed O +of O +subunits O +with O +molecular O +weights O +calculated O +to O +be O +75 O +000 O +. O + +aps B-category +Double O +reciprocal O +plots O +of O +the O +initial O +velocity O +against O +the O +concentration O +of O +p O +- O +nitrophenyl O +thymidine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +gave O +two O +apparent O +Km O +values O +of O +0 O +. O +17 O +and O +1 O +. O +3 O +mM O +, O +suggesting O +the O +presence O +of O +at O +least O +two O +active O +sites O +. O + +aps B-category +Complete O +tyrosine B-Chemical +assignments O +in O +the O +high O +- O +field O +1H O +nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +spectrum O +of O +bovine O +pancreatic O +trypsin O +inhibitor O +selectively O +reduced O +and O +carboxamidomethylated O +at O +cystine O +14 O +- O +38 O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +these O +revised O +results O +with O +the O +new O +data O +for O +derivatives O +with O +modified O +cystine O +14 O +- O +38 O +reveals O +no O +changes O +in O +pK O +' O +s O +for O +any O +tyrosine B-Chemical +or O +nitrotyrosing O +ring O +and O +no O +changes O +in O +chemical O +shift O +for O +resonances O +of O +nitrotyrosine B-Chemical +21 O +or O +tyrosines O +21 O +and O +23 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +dependence O +of O +the O +conformation O +of O +angiotensin B-Chemical +peptides O +by O +nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +: O +cis O +- O +trans O +isomerism O +of O +proline O +7 O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +similar O +observation O +has O +been O +made O +for O +( O +Asn1 O +, O +Val5 O +) O +angiotensin B-Chemical +I O +and O +Val O +- O +Tyr O +- O +Val O +- O +His O +- O +Pro O +- O +Phe O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +shown O +two O +expected O +impurities O +, O +[ O +beta O +- O +Asp1 O +, O +Val5 O +] O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +and O +[ O +Asn1 O +, O +3 O +- O +Bzl O +- O +Ty4 O +, O +Val5 O +] O +- O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +, O +to O +be O +absent O +, O +and O +a O +third O +impurity O +[ O +Asn1 O +, O +Val5 O +, O +D O +- O +His6 O +] O +angiostensin O +II O +, O +to O +be O +present O +at O +less O +than O +or O +equal O +to O +2 O +. O +1 O +mol O +% O +, O +too O +little O +to O +account O +for O +the O +observed O +amount O +( O +12 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +% O +) O +of O +minor O +conformation O +. O + +aps B-category +Stereochemical O +analysis O +of O +the O +elimination O +reaction O +catalyzed O +by O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +D O +- O +erythro O +- O +and O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +threo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +chloro I-Chemical +( O +2 O +- O +3H O +) O +butyrate O +have O +been O +shown O +to O +yield O +( O +3R O +) O +- O +2 O +- O +keto O +( O +3 O +- O +3H O +) O +- O +2 O +- O +butyrate O +predominantly O +. O + +aps B-category +Rapid O +decompression O +under O +nitrogen B-Chemical +technique O +was O +found O +to O +be O +the O +most O +efficient O +and O +gentle O +method O +for O +cell O +disruption O +. O + +aps B-category +Marker O +enzyme O +assays O +and O +pulse O +labeling O +experiments O +with O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxyl I-Chemical +[ O +14C O +] O +tryptamine O +and O +[ O +125I O +] O +thrombin O +on O +prepared O +subcellular O +fractions O +confirmed O +that O +the O +soluble O +, O +plasma O +membrane O +and O +the O +granule O +- O +1 O +fractions O +were O +all O +in O +reasonably O +pure O +form O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +mitochondrial O +fractions O +were O +isolated O +in O +0 O +. O +25 O +M O +sucrose B-Chemical +without O +additions O +, O +Ca2 O ++ O +in O +vitro O +increased O +succinate O +supported O +pregnenolone O +production O +rates O +in O +mitochondrial O +fractions O +isolated O +from O +control O +testes O +to O +a O +greater O +extent O +than O +in O +mitochondrial O +fractions O +, O +from O +luteinizing O +hormone O +treated O +testes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +subcellular O +localizations O +of O +guanylate O +cyclase O +and O +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +cyclic I-Chemical +nucleotide I-Chemical +phosphodiesterase O +in O +sea O +urchin O +sperm O +were O +examined O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclic O +nucleotide B-Chemical +phosphodiesterase O +in O +the O +plasma O +membrane O +fraction O +as O +well O +as O +the O +axonemal O +fraction O +hydrolyzed O +both O +cyclic O +GMP O +and O +cyclic O +AMP O +; O +however O +, O +the O +rates O +of O +hydrolysis O +for O +cyclic O +GMP O +were O +obviously O +higher O +than O +those O +for O +cyclic O +AMP O +. O + +aps B-category +If O +citrate B-Chemical +was O +present O +in O +the O +growth O +medium O +( O +as O +it O +is O +in O +some O +commonly O +used O +basal O +media O +) O +the O +growth O +of O +some O +of O +the O +E O +. O +coli O +K12 O +mutants O +on O +shikimate O +was O +further O +reduced O +. O + +aps B-category +Regulation O +of O +6 O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +2 O +, O +4 O +, O +5 O +- O +triaminopyrimidine O +synthesis O +by O +riboflavin B-Chemical +and O +iron B-Chemical +in O +riboflavin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deficient I-Chemical +mutants O +of O +Pichia O +guilliermondii O +yeast O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +shown O +that O +riboflavin B-Chemical +inhibited O +the O +6 O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +2 O +, O +4 O +, O +5 O +- O +triaminopyrimidine O +synthesis O +rate O +in O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +rich I-Chemical +and O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deficient I-Chemical +cells O +of O +mutants O +with O +low O +riboflavin B-Chemical +requirements O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +6 O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +2 O +, O +4 O +, O +5 O +- O +triaminopyrimidine O +synthesis O +rate O +in O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deficient I-Chemical +cells O +was O +significantly O +higher O +than O +in O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +rich I-Chemical +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +suggest O +that O +the O +activity O +of O +the O +first O +enzyme O +of O +flavinogenesis O +( O +guanylic O +cyclohydrolase O +) O +is O +under O +the O +control O +of O +feedback O +inhibition O +by O +flavins O +and O +the O +biosynthesis O +of O +this O +enzyme O +is O +regulated O +by O +iron B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +apparent O +Km O +values O +for O +dihydrofolate O +in O +enzymes O +from O +the O +three O +strains O +were O +in O +the O +range O +of O +4 O +. O +8 O +- O +- O +7 O +. O +2 O +muM O +and O +for O +NADPH B-Chemical +6 O +. O +5 O +- O +- O +8 O +. O +0 O +muM O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +resistance O +to O +trimethoprim B-Chemical +appears O +to O +be O +a O +direct O +result O +of O +the O +increased O +dihydrofolate O +reductase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cell O +extract O +of O +the O +AMr O +strain O +possessed O +a O +folate B-Chemical +reductase O +activity O +three O +times O +higher O +than O +that O +of O +the O +sensitive O +strain O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +uptake O +in O +the O +resistant O +strain O +was O +strictly O +glucose B-Chemical +dependent O +, O +whereas O +in O +the O +sensitive O +parent O +about O +16 O +% O +accumulation O +occurred O +in O +absence O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +uptake O +of O +folate B-Chemical +exhibited O +a O +slightly O +increased O +Km O +value O +as O +compared O +to O +that O +of O +the O +sensitive O +strain O +, O +whereas O +the O +uptake O +activity O +velocity O +was O +in O +the O +same O +range O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +the O +increase O +in O +the O +apparent O +Km O +value O +for O +amethopterin O +in O +the O +resistant O +strain O +, O +the O +affinity O +of O +the O +carrier O +for O +methyltetrahydrofolate O +was O +apparently O +unchanged O +, O +whereas O +the O +V O +value O +was O +about O +16 O +times O +lower O +than O +that O +in O +the O +sensitive O +strain O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +micelles O +of O +cetyltrimethylammonium O +bromide B-Chemical +or O +Triton O +X O +have O +little O +or O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +pK O +. O + +aps B-category +Human O +diferric O +transferrin O +was O +partially O +labeled O +with O +59Fe O +at O +low O +or O +neutral O +pH O +( O +chemically O +labeled O +) O +and O +by O +replacement O +of O +diferric O +iron B-Chemical +previously O +donated O +to O +rabbit O +reticulocytes O +( O +biologically O +labeled O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +- O +dependent O +iron B-Chemical +dissociation O +studies O +of O +biologically O +labeled O +transferrin O +solutions O +indicated O +that O +Fe3 O ++ O +, O +bound O +at O +the O +site O +from O +which O +the O +metal O +was O +initially O +utilized O +by O +the O +cells O +, O +dissociated O +between O +pH O +5 O +. O +8 O +and O +7 O +. O +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +suggest O +that O +each O +human O +transferrin O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +site O +has O +different O +acid O +- O +base O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +properties O +which O +could O +be O +related O +to O +the O +observed O +heterogenic O +rabbit O +reticulocyte O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +donating I-Chemical +properties O +of O +human O +transferrin O +and O +identifies O +that O +the O +near O +neutral O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +site O +initially O +surrenders O +its O +iron B-Chemical +to O +these O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sulfur I-Chemical +proteins O +of O +the O +green O +photosynthetic O +bacterium O +Chlorobium O +have O +been O +characterized O +by O +oxidation O +- O +reduction O +potentiometry O +in O +conjunction O +with O +low O +- O +temperature O +electron O +paramagnetic O +resonance O +spectroscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +high O +- O +potential O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sulfur I-Chemical +protein O +was O +not O +detected O +in O +the O +chromatophores O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +is O +the O +" O +Rieske O +" O +type O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sulfur I-Chemical +protein O +with O +a O +g O +- O +value O +of O +1 O +. O +90 O +in O +the O +reduced O +state O +; O +the O +protein O +has O +a O +midpoint O +potential O +of O ++ O +160 O +mV O +( O +pH O +7 O +. O +0 O +) O +, O +and O +this O +potential O +is O +pH O +dependent O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +possible O +role O +for O +the O +latter O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sulfur I-Chemical +protein O +in O +the O +primary O +photochemical O +reaction O +in O +Chlorobium O +is O +considered O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +excitation O +spectrum O +of O +the O +isolated O +protein O +and O +of O +the O +intact O +mitochondria O +are O +indicative O +of O +an O +aromatic O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +at O +the O +cation O +binding O +site O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibitory O +effect O +of O +tRNA O +on O +yeast O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deoxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arabino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +heptulosonate I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +7 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +( O +DAHP O +) O +synthase O +( O +EC O +4 O +. O +1 O +. O +2 O +. O +15 O +) O +has O +been O +reinvestigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +the O +enzyme O +requires O +a O +metal O +ion O +( O +Co2 O ++ O +) O +we O +suggest O +that O +the O +RNA O +and O +heparin B-Chemical +are O +inhibitory O +by O +virtue O +of O +their O +capacity O +to O +chelate O +the O +Co2 O ++ O +. O + +aps B-category +Interaction O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +with O +cholesterol B-Chemical +monolayers O +. O + +aps B-category +Amino O +acid O +stimulation O +of O +ATP O +cleavage O +by O +two O +Ehrlich O +cell O +membrane O +preparations O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +ouabain B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +first O +of O +these O +, O +previously O +described O +, O +shows O +little O +( O +Na O ++ O ++ O +K O ++ O +) O +- O +ATPase O +activity O +, O +and O +is O +characteristicallly O +stimulated O +by O +the O +presence O +of O +certain O +diamino O +acids O +with O +low O +pK2 O +, O +and O +at O +pH O +values O +suggesting O +that O +the O +cationic O +forms O +of O +these O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +are O +effective O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +also O +is O +stimulated O +by O +the O +model O +diamino O +acid O +, O +4 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylpiperidine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carboxylic I-Chemical +acid O +, O +and O +several O +ordinary O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +list O +of O +stimulatory O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +again O +corresponds O +poorly O +to O +any O +single O +transport O +system O +, O +although O +the O +possibility O +was O +not O +excluded O +that O +stimulation O +might O +occur O +for O +both O +preparations O +by O +occupation O +of O +a O +membrane O +site O +which O +ordinarily O +is O +kinetically O +silent O +in O +the O +transport O +sequence O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Biosynthesis O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +mouse O +brain O +mitochondria O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +malonyl O +- O +CoA O +or O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Cofactor O +requirements O +have O +been O +studied O +: O +NADH O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +have O +been O +tested O +; O +ATP O +increases O +biosynthesis O +and O +CoA O +causes O +an O +inhibition O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +presence O +of O +all O +four O +nucleoside B-Chemical +triphosphates O +and O +Mg2 O ++ O +ions O +is O +necessary O +for O +the O +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +different O +products O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +metabolism O +on O +the O +activity O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +Mg2 O ++ O +, O +and O +Mn2 O ++ O +and O +Co2 O ++ O +as O +cofactors O +is O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Specific O +activity O +of O +carboanhydrase O +is O +3 O +muM O +/ O +min O +- O +mg O +of O +protein O +under O +the O +concentration O +of O +CO2 O +of O +4 O +- O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +M O +, O +appearing O +Michelis O +constant O +being O +4 O +. O +9 O +- O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +M O +. O +The O +enzyme O +was O +stabilized O +with O +10 O +mM O +of O +cisteine O +, O +its O +activity O +was O +inhibited O +by O +50 O +% O +with O +sulphanylamide O +( O +1 O +- O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +, O +acetazolamide B-Chemical +( O +8 O +- O +- O +10 O +( O +- O +7 O +) O +M O +) O +and O +Cl O +- O +ions O +( O +5 O +- O +10 O +( O +- O +2 O +) O +M O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +study O +of O +HDC O +RD O +spectra O +at O +the O +regions O +of O +peptide O +bonds O +and O +aromatic O +acids O +absorption O +at O +different O +temperatures O +has O +shown O +that O +a O +part O +of O +triptophane O +, O +tyrosine B-Chemical +and O +phenylalanine O +residues O +is O +in O +an O +ordered O +structure O +of O +the O +alpha O +- O +helix O +type O +. O + +aps B-category +5 O +M O +guanidine O +chloride B-Chemical +eliminates O +the O +ordered O +HDC O +structure O +, O +while O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecylsulphate O +at O +concentrations O +up O +to O +1 O +% O +does O +not O +affect O +the O +enzyme O +structure O +. O + +aps B-category +pH O +- O +Optimum O +is O +found O +to O +be O +7 O +. O +9 O +and O +8 O +. O +2 O +under O +the O +hydrolysis O +of O +cbs O +- O +Gly O +- O +Leu O +and O +hyppuryl O +- O +arg O +respectively O +, O +temperature O +optimum O +- O +- O +60 O +degrees O +C O +. O +The O +enzyme O +splits O +more O +efficiently O +basic O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +and O +leucine B-Chemical +from O +N O +- O +terminal O +- O +protected O +dipeptides O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Soluble O +, O +nuclear O +and O +mitochondrial O +forms O +of O +dehydrogenases O +, O +pentose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +pathway O +transferases O +and O +nucleases O +in O +chicken O +liver O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Purification O +and O +properties O +of O +the O +riboflavin B-Chemical +kinase O +of O +the O +yeast O +Pichia O +guilliermondii O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Km O +for O +riboflavin B-Chemical +was O +1 O +, O +0x10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +, O +for O +ATP O +- O +- O +6 O +, O +7X10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +M O +. O +Riboflavin O +kinase O +catalyzed O +the O +phosphorylation O +of O +riboflavin B-Chemical +analogues O +with O +the O +substitution O +of O +methyl O +groups O +at O +positions O +7 O +and O +8 O +. O + +aps B-category +Purified O +riboflavin B-Chemical +kinase O +was O +stable O +under O +storage O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +increase O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +concentration O +increased O +considerably O +the O +rate O +of O +alpha O +- O +ketoglutarate O +decarboxylase O +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +Resting O +bone O +marrow O +lymphocytes O +, O +recongised O +as O +small O +lymphocytes O +by O +light O +microscopy O +, O +were O +labelled O +by O +the O +complete O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +labelling O +technique O +, O +enriched O +by O +fractionation O +on O +a O +discontinuous O +albumin O +gradient O +and O +investigated O +for O +their O +stem O +cell O +properties O +by O +culture O +in O +diffusion O +chambers O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +the O +electric O +dipole O +vector O +of O +human O +serum O +albumin O +due O +to O +complexing O +with O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +New O +methods O +of O +analysis O +of O +the O +frequency O +dispersion O +of O +the O +dielectric O +constant O +were O +developed O +to O +ascertain O +if O +molecular O +shape O +changes O +also O +accompany O +the O +complexing O +with O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +from O +soluion O +in O +small O +amounts O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +appears O +to O +form O +a O +complex O +indistinguishable O +from O +the O +" O +native O +" O +complex O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +generalized O +depression O +of O +protein O +synthesis O +in O +all O +the O +structures O +, O +except O +the O +medulla O +oblongata O +, O +followed O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +administration O +in O +one O +and O +three O +hours O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effect O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +on O +the O +electrical O +and O +contractile O +properties O +of O +smooth O +muscle O +cells O +in O +the O +pulmonary O +artery O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +NADH O +formed O +during O +the O +oxidation O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +and O +malate B-Chemical +can O +be O +used O +for O +hydroxylation O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Activity O +of O +NAD O +- O +and O +NADP O +- O +dependent O +malate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +isoenzymes O +in O +the O +myocardium O +of O +rabbits O +with O +alloxan O +diabetes O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +study O +was O +made O +of O +the O +influence O +of O +ciproheptadin O +, O +serotonin B-Chemical +and O +histamine B-Chemical +inhibitor O +, O +on O +the O +effects O +of O +exo O +- O +and O +endogenous O +bradykinin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphatase O +( O +ATPase O +) O +activated O +by O +Mg2 O ++ O +or O +Ca2 O ++ O +ions O +was O +detected O +in O +single O +mechanoreceptors O +( O +Pacini O +' O +s O +corpuscles O +) O +of O +cat O +; O +addition O +of O +Ca2 O ++ O +( O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +to O +Mg O +- O +ATP O +- O +ase O +increased O +the O +activity O +by O +the O +factor O +of O +1 O +. O +6 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activity O +of O +cytoplasmic O +dehydrogenases O +of O +the O +adrenal O +cells O +was O +examined O +during O +the O +prolonged O +injections O +of O +ACTH B-Chemical +to O +Wistar O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +the O +rats O +of O +corticosterone B-Chemical +synthesis O +and O +dehydrogenase O +activities O +were O +phasic O +in O +character O +; O +they O +included O +an O +initial O +synchronic O +activation O +the O +first O +two O +days O +with O +its O +subsequent O +decrease O +( O +7 O +days O +of O +ACTH B-Chemical +injections O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effect O +of O +hypercapnia O +on O +tyrosine B-Chemical +and O +tryptophan B-Chemical +metabolism O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activity O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminotranspherase I-Chemical +and O +of O +tryptophane O +- O +oxygenase O +proved O +to O +increase O +in O +the O +liver O +; O +blood O +serum O +displayed O +a O +reduced O +concentration O +of O +free O +tyrosine B-Chemical +and O +free O +total O +tryptophane O +, O +but O +the O +level O +of O +free O +tryptophane O +obtained O +by O +dialysis O +proved O +to O +rise O +. O + +aps B-category +Electrical O +stimulation O +of O +the O +systems O +of O +positive O +reinforcement O +of O +the O +hypothalamus O +and O +the O +septum O +, O +and O +also O +analgetics O +increased O +the O +threshold O +of O +pain O +sensitivity O +, O +whereas O +d O +, O +l B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +failed O +to O +influence O +it O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +septal O +self O +- O +stimulation O +remained O +unaltered O +under O +the O +effect O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +, O +promedol O +, O +phentanyl O +, O +but O +was O +decreased O +under O +the O +effect O +of O +pentazacine O +and O +increased O +against O +the O +background O +of O +d O +, O +l B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +study O +was O +made O +of O +the O +effect O +of O +a O +number O +of O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +of O +various O +chemical O +structure O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxilase I-Chemical +isolated O +from O +the O +synaptosomes O +of O +rat O +hypothalamus O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +the O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +under O +study O +proved O +to O +be O +capable O +of O +eliminating O +the O +substrate O +inhibition O +of O +the O +enzyme O +occurring O +with O +a O +rise O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +concentration O +to O +0 O +. O +3 O +mM O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +was O +assumed O +to O +be O +of O +allosteric O +nature O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +acted O +on O +the O +recipient O +' O +s O +radioresistant O +lymphoid O +cells O +effecting O +the O +allogeneic O +inhibition O +of O +stem O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Out O +of O +21 O +patients O +receiving O +methyldopa B-Chemical +alone O +only O +one O +had O +cold O +hands O +and O +feet O +whereas O +among O +patients O +on O +beta O +- O +blockers O +the O +incidence O +was O +50 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +change O +from O +propranolol B-Chemical +to O +oxprenolol B-Chemical +in O +some O +symptomatic O +patients O +resulted O +in O +improvement O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +extent O +of O +damage O +to O +each O +raphe O +nucleus O +was O +quantified O +histologically O +by O +means O +of O +a O +simplified O +formaldehyde O +histochemical O +method O +for O +visualization O +of O +serotonin B-Chemical +in O +cryostat O +sections O +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +that O +the O +rapid O +binding O +of O +newly O +accumulated O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +within O +synaptosomes O +involves O +synaptic O +vesicles O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +would O +appear O +that O +most O +, O +but O +possibly O +not O +all O +of O +the O +newly O +accumulated O +[ O +3H O +] O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +is O +rapidly O +bound O +to O +some O +particulate O +cytoplasmic O +constituent O +within O +the O +synaptosome O +. O + +aps B-category +Reserpinization O +( O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +i O +. O +p O +. O +, O +24 O +h O +before O +preparation O +) O +only O +slightly O +reduced O +the O +initial O +rate O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +uptake O +by O +synaptosomes O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +basis O +of O +the O +findings O +with O +reserpinized O +preparations O +, O +it O +seems O +likely O +that O +( O +1 O +) O +the O +rapid O +intrasynaptosomal O +binding O +involves O +synaptic O +vesicles O +and O +( O +2 O +) O +the O +neuronal O +membrane O +transport O +system O +itself O +may O +be O +capable O +of O +driving O +the O +uptake O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +by O +nerve O +- O +terminals O +. O + +aps B-category +Time O +- O +course O +variations O +in O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +in O +the O +rat O +locus O +coeruleus O +after O +electrolytic O +destruction O +of O +the O +nuclei O +raphe O +dorsalis O +or O +raphe O +centralis O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +conjunction O +with O +other O +experimental O +evidences O +, O +an O +hypothesis O +is O +proposed O +that O +the O +catecholaminergic O +neurons O +located O +in O +the O +locus O +coeruleus O +are O +directly O +and O +/ O +or O +indirectly O +controlled O +by O +the O +serotonin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +containing I-Chemical +neurons O +located O +in O +the O +anterior O +raphe O +system O +nuclei O +. O + +aps B-category +Protein O +phosphorylation O +in O +rat O +striatal O +slices O +: O +effects O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +other O +putative O +transmitters O +. O + +aps B-category +Genetic O +and O +developmental O +variation O +in O +mouse O +brain O +tryptophan B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Dibutyryl O +cyclic O +AMP O +( O +dB B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cAMP I-Chemical +) O +elicits O +a O +concentration O +- O +dependent O +stimulation O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +in O +the O +striatal O +and O +mesolimbic O +synaptosomes O +. O + +aps B-category +cAMP B-Chemical +does O +not O +stimulate O +soluble O +striatal O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +unless O +it O +is O +added O +in O +combination O +with O +ATP O +and O +Mg2 O ++ O +, O +compounds O +required O +for O +the O +activity O +of O +cAMP B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +protein O +kinase O +. O + +aps B-category +dB B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cAMP I-Chemical +has O +the O +same O +effect O +on O +the O +kinetic O +state O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +in O +synaptosomes O +as O +cAMP B-Chemical +on O +the O +soluble O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +cAMP B-Chemical +increases O +the O +affinity O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +for O +the O +pteridine O +cofactor O +and O +concomitantly O +decreases O +the O +affinity O +for O +the O +end O +- O +product O +inhibition O +. O + +aps B-category +Activities O +of O +choline B-Chemical +acetyltransferase O +( O +ChAC O +) O +, O +glutamate B-Chemical +decarboxylase O +( O +GAD O +) O +and O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +( O +TH O +) O +, O +enzymes O +catalyzing O +the O +synthesis O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +( O +ACh O +) O +, O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +GABA B-Chemical +) O +and O +catecholamines B-Chemical +, O +respectively O +, O +were O +measured O +in O +the O +cochlea O +and O +cochlear O +nucleus O +of O +the O +guinea O +pig O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +of O +low O +GAD O +in O +the O +cochlea O +, O +GABA B-Chemical +is O +unlikely O +to O +be O +transmitter O +in O +the O +organ O +of O +Corti O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +3 O +- O +acetylpyridine O +on O +putative O +neurotransmitter O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +rat O +cerebellum O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +possibility O +was O +investigated O +that O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +is O +the O +excitatory O +transmitter O +released O +from O +the O +optic O +nerve O +terminals O +of O +the O +pigeon O +optic O +tectum O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +2 O +) O +Subcellular O +and O +autoradiographic O +studies O +indicated O +that O +10 O +- O +30 O +% O +of O +the O +exogenously O +accumulated O +L O +- O +[ O +3H O +] O +glutamate B-Chemical +was O +localized O +within O +synaptosomes O +, O +and O +that O +11 O +- O +15 O +% O +of O +the O +synaptosomes O +had O +been O +labelled O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +4 O +) O +GABA B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +and I-Chemical +noradrenaline B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +accumulating I-Chemical +synaptosomes O +were O +also O +associated O +with O +this O +subcellular O +population O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +are O +discussed O +in O +relation O +to O +a O +possible O +role O +for O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +as O +the O +' O +optic O +nerve O +transmitter O +' O +and O +in O +the O +context O +of O +previous O +evidence O +implicating O +glutamate B-Chemical +as O +an O +excitatory O +transmitter O +. O + +aps B-category +Modification O +of O +the O +regulatory O +properties O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +of O +Neurospora O +by O +growth O +at O +elevated O +temperatures O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +growth O +at O +elevated O +temperatures O +induced O +a O +conformational O +change O +in O +the O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +leading O +to O +partial O +desensitization O +of O +the O +allosteric O +site O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +compounds O +have O +been O +characterized O +by O +a O +variety O +of O +techniques O +as O +N2 O +, O +N2 O +- O +dimethylguanosine O +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +( O +pm2 O +/ O +2G O +) O +and O +3 O +- O +( O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carboxypropyl I-Chemical +) O +uridine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +( O +p4abu3U O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +absence O +of O +p4abu3U O +in O +venom O +hydrolysates O +of O +yeast O +tRNA O +implies O +the O +absence O +of O +the O +corresponding O +nucleoside B-Chemical +in O +yeast O +tRNA O +, O +in O +agreement O +with O +existing O +data O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +observations O +demonstrate O +that O +resistance O +to O +5 O +' O +- O +nucleotidase O +is O +a O +necessary O +but O +not O +sufficient O +criterion O +for O +concluding O +that O +a O +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +nucleotide I-Chemical +is O +O2 O +' O +- O +methylated O +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetic O +effect O +of O +some O +aliphatic O +amines B-Chemical +on O +yeast O +alcohol B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +Aliphatic O +amines B-Chemical +either O +activate O +or O +inhibit O +the O +enzyme O +depending O +on O +whether O +the O +pH O +is O +greater O +or O +less O +than O +9 O +. O +5 O +suggesting O +that O +the O +protonated O +amines B-Chemical +activate O +and O +the O +nonprotonated O +amines B-Chemical +inhibit O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +both O +protonated O +and O +nonprotonated O +amines B-Chemical +are O +present O +in O +solution O +, O +either O +overall O +activation O +or O +inhibition O +will O +be O +observed O +depending O +on O +the O +relative O +concentration O +of O +the O +two O +amine B-Chemical +species O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +a O +wide O +range O +of O +substrate O +specificity O +among O +nucleoside B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphates O +which O +included O +2 O +- O +deoxyribose O +compounds O +. O + +aps B-category +Ethanol O +metabolism O +by O +the O +rat O +heart O +and O +alcohol B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Very O +sensitive O +techniques O +are O +required O +to O +separate O +the O +resulting O +14CO2 O +from O +the O +ethanol B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +probable O +that O +depression O +of O +adenyl O +cyclase O +activity O +rather O +than O +a O +specific O +change O +in O +ionization O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +receptor O +is O +responsible O +for O +a O +decreased O +response O +to O +histamine B-Chemical +at O +pH O +6 O +. O +9 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +system O +makes O +use O +of O +the O +beta O +- O +galactosidase O +activity O +of O +E O +. O +coli O +which O +hydrolyzes O +the O +phenolic O +derivative O +of O +beta O +- O +galactoside O +to O +galactose B-Chemical +and O +an O +aglycone O +moiety O +( O +4 O +- O +chloro O +- O +2 O +- O +cyclopentylphenol O +) O +which O +is O +toxic O +to O +E O +. O +coli O +but O +is O +tolerated O +by O +Shigella O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +adsorption O +of O +the O +enzyme O +glucose B-Chemical +oxidase O +( O +EC O +1 O +. O +1 O +. O +3 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Significant O +increases O +were O +observed O +in O +sham O +- O +operated O +controls O +or O +in O +rats O +subjected O +to O +bilateral O +decentralization O +of O +ganglia O +; O +however O +on O +the O +5th O +day O +an O +impairment O +was O +observed O +in O +hormone O +ability O +to O +enhance O +[ O +3H O +] O +leucine B-Chemical +incorporation O +in O +decentralized O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Moreover O +, O +E2 O +or O +TP O +treatment O +blocked O +the O +increase O +in O +labeled O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +incorporation O +into O +proteins O +brought O +about O +by O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +per O +se O +. O + +aps B-category +Tyrosine O +hydroxylase O +activity O +of O +the O +superior O +cervical O +ganglia O +decreased O +by O +36 O +and O +41 O +% O +6 O +h O +after O +E2 O +or O +TP O +administration O +, O +and O +by O +43 O +and O +47 O +% O +after O +3 O +daily O +injections O +of O +the O +hormones O +, O +whereas O +pineal O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +remained O +unchanged O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +indicate O +that O +the O +integrity O +of O +neurons O +of O +the O +superior O +cervical O +ganglia O +is O +an O +absolute O +requirement O +for O +E2 O +and O +testosterone B-Chemical +to O +enhance O +[ O +3H O +] O +leucine B-Chemical +incorporation O +into O +pineal O +proteins O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +the O +microdissection O +method O +of O +Palkovits O +, O +individual O +hypothalamic O +nuclei O +were O +removed O +from O +the O +brains O +of O +adult O +male O +rats O +, O +and O +the O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +( O +TH O +) O +activity O +of O +each O +nucleus O +was O +determined O +7 O +days O +after O +gonadectomy O +or O +thyroidectomy O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +conclusions O +appear O +to O +be O +justified O +: O +( O +a O +) O +noradrenergic O +axons O +which O +innervate O +the O +median O +eminence O +, O +arcuate O +, O +and O +ventromedial O +nuclei O +course O +in O +the O +ventral O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +bundles O +; O +( O +b O +) O +the O +TH O +content O +of O +noradrenergic O +neurons O +in O +the O +median O +eminence O +, O +arcuate O +nucleus O +, O +and O +ventromedial O +nuclei O +is O +quite O +small O +; O +and O +( O +c O +) O +the O +majority O +, O +if O +not O +all O +, O +of O +the O +endocrine O +- O +responsive O +catecholaminergic O +neurons O +in O +the O +median O +eminence O +are O +dopaminergic O +. O + +aps B-category +I O +. O +Metabolism O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +, O +pregnenolone O +, O +progesterone B-Chemical +and O +dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +of O +the O +main O +metabolites O +found O +in O +all O +incubations O +was O +testosterone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +conversion O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +to O +testosterone B-Chemical +in O +the O +right O +testis O +was O +1 O +, O +27 O +% O +and O +in O +the O +left O +testis O +4 O +, O +90 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +conversion O +for O +testosterone B-Chemical +using O +progesterone B-Chemical +as O +precursor O +was O +13 O +, O +19 O +% O +and O +3 O +, O +88 O +% O +respectively O +and O +11 O +, O +97 O +% O +of O +dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical +was O +converted O +to O +testosterone B-Chemical +in O +the O +right O +testis O +and O +12 O +, O +32 O +% O +in O +the O +left O +testis O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +study O +was O +made O +of O +the O +photochemical O +and O +biological O +degradation O +of O +two O +water O +- O +soluble O +fluorescent O +whitening O +agents O +( O +FWAs O +) O +: O +the O +disodium O +4 O +, O +4 O +' O +- O +bis O +( O +2 O +- O +sulfostyryl O +) O +- O +biphenyl O +( O +1 O +) O +and O +the O +disodium O +4 O +, O +4 O +- O +bis O +( O +[ O +4 O +- O +anilino O +- O +6 O +- O +( O +N O +- O +methyl O +- O +N O +- O +2 O +- O +hydroxyethyl O +) O +amino B-Chemical +1 O +, O +3 O +, O +5 O +- O +triazin O +- O +2 O +- O +yl O +] O +amino B-Chemical +) O +stilbene O +- O +2 O +, O +2 O +' O +- O +disulfonate O +( O +2 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +terminal O +phosphate B-Chemical +of O +( O +gamma O +- O +32P O +) O +ATP O +is O +rapidly O +incorporated O +into O +cardiac O +sarcoplasmic O +reticulum O +membranes O +( O +0 O +. O +7 O +- O +- O +1 O +. O +3 O +mumol O +/ O +g O +protein O +) O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +and O +magnesium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Half O +- O +maximum O +activation O +of O +the O +phosphoprotein O +formation O +and O +ATP O +- O +ADP O +phosphate B-Chemical +exchange O +is O +reached O +at O +an O +ionized O +calcium B-Chemical +concentration O +of O +about O +0 O +. O +3 O +muM O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +ATP O +splitting O +declines O +, O +whilst O +the O +rate O +of O +the O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +ATP O +- O +ADP O +phosphate B-Chemical +exchange O +increases O +when O +the O +ADP O +/ O +ATP O +ratio O +is O +varied O +from O +0 O +. O +1 O +to O +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +Phosphoprotein O +formation O +and O +ATP O +- O +ADP O +phosphate B-Chemical +exchange O +are O +not O +affected O +by O +azide O +, O +dinitrophenol O +, O +dicyclohexyl O +carbodiimide O +and O +oubain O +, O +whilst O +both O +activities O +are O +reduced O +by O +blockade O +of O +- O +SH O +groups O +localized O +on O +the O +outside O +of O +the O +sarcoplasmic O +reticulum O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +Polyacrylamide O +gel O +elctrophoresis O +( O +performed O +with O +phenol B-Chemical +/ O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +/ O +water O +) O +of O +phosphorylated O +sarcoplasmic O +reticulum O +fractions O +demonstrates O +that O +the O +32P O +- O +incorporation O +occurs O +into O +a O +protein O +of O +about O +100000 O +molecular O +weight O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Ca2 O ++ O +, O +which O +can O +replace O +Mg2 O ++ O +for O +the O +hydrolytic O +activity O +of O +the O +Mg2 O ++ O +- B-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +triphosphatase O +( O +ATPase O +) O +( O +EC O +3 O +. O +6 O +. O +1 O +. O +3 O +) O +, O +could O +not O +replace O +Mg2 O ++ O +in O +the O +synthetic O +reaction O +and O +, O +in O +fact O +, O +inhibited O +ATP O +synthesis O +even O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +Mg2 O ++ O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +studied O +the O +physiology O +of O +cells O +of O +Klebsiella O +aerogenes O +containing O +the O +structural O +gene O +for O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +( O +glnA O +) O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +on O +an O +episome O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +are O +consistent O +with O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +regulates O +the O +function O +of O +its O +own O +structural O +gene O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +regulatory O +properties O +of O +partially O +purified O +adenosine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +diphosphate O +- O +( O +ADP O +) O +glucose B-Chemical +pyrophosphorylase O +from O +two O +Serratia O +marcescens O +strains O +( O +ATCC O +274 O +and O +ATCC O +15365 O +) O +have O +been O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Phosphoenolpyruvate O +stimulated O +the O +rate O +of O +ADPglucose O +synthesis O +catalyzed O +by O +Serratia O +ADPglucose O +pyrophosphorylase O +about O +1 O +. O +5 O +- O +to O +2 O +- O +fold O +but O +did O +not O +affect O +the O +S0 O +. O +5 O +values O +( O +concentration O +of O +substrate O +required O +for O +50 O +% O +maximal O +stimulation O +) O +of O +the O +substrates O +, O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +, O +and O +adenosine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +triphosphate O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +is O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +what O +is O +observed O +for O +the O +S O +. O +marcescens O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mutants O +produced O +substantially O +increased O +amounts O +of O +two O +high O +- O +molecular O +- O +weight O +outer O +membrane O +polypeptides O +when O +grown O +under O +limiting O +iron B-Chemical +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +Quail O +egg O +- O +white O +, O +human O +milk O +and O +salivary O +lysozymes O +[ O +EC O +3 O +. O +2 O +. O +1 O +. O +17 O +] O +were O +adsorbed O +onto O +the O +adsorbent O +at O +pH O +5 O +- O +7 O +and O +eluted O +with O +2M O +NaCl B-Chemical +at O +pH O +10 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +release O +of O +the O +enzyme O +is O +reduced O +fivefold O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +dibutyryl O +cyclic O +adenosine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +cellulases O +produced O +predominantly O +cellobiose O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +from O +various O +cellulosic O +substrates O +as O +well O +as O +from O +higher O +cellooligosaccharides O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +was O +stimulated O +slightly O +by O +Ca2 O ++ O +, O +Mn2 O ++ O +, O +and O +Co2 O ++ O +, O +and O +significantly O +by O +Triton O +X O +- O +100 O +and O +ethyl O +ether B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +phospholipase O +D O +hydrolyzes O +phosphatidylethanolamine O +, O +phosphatidylcholine O +, O +cardiolipin O +, O +sphingomyelin O +, O +phosphatidylserine B-Chemical +, O +and O +lysophosphatidylcholine O +, O +liberating O +the O +corresponding O +bases O +. O + +aps B-category +Non O +- O +enzymatic O +formation O +of O +dipicolinic O +acid O +( O +DPA O +) O +from O +diketopimelic O +acid O +and O +ammonia B-Chemical +was O +clearly O +demonstrated O +using O +a O +new O +method O +for O +DPA O +analysis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +the O +spontaneous O +reaction O +was O +stimulated O +by O +ferrous O +sulfate O +, O +FMN O +, O +and O +riboflavin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reductase O +was O +isolated O +from O +Bacillus O +subtilis O +, O +and O +found O +to O +stimulate O +DPA O +formation O +from O +diketopimelic O +acid O +and O +ammonia B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Possible O +mechanisms O +of O +DPA O +formation O +from O +diketopimelic O +acid O +and O +ammonia B-Chemical +are O +proposed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +preparation O +of O +TNP O +derivatives O +( O +N2 O +- O +TNP O +- O +guanine O +, O +- B-Chemical +guanosine I-Chemical +, O +N2 O +, O +O B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bis I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +TNP I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +guanosine I-Chemical +, O +O B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +TNP I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +guanosine I-Chemical +, O +- B-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +, O +- O +cytidine O +, O +and O +- B-Chemical +uridine I-Chemical +) O +, O +their O +rates O +of O +formation O +, O +absorption O +spectra O +( O +UV O +, O +visible O +, O +and O +infrared O +) O +, O +molar O +extinction O +coefficients O +, O +Rf O +value O +, O +electrophoretic O +mobilities O +, O +and O +stability O +in O +acid O +or O +alkaline O +solution O +, O +are O +presented O +. O + +aps B-category +Activation O +of O +mouse O +splenic O +lymphocyte O +guanylate O +cyclase O +by O +calcium B-Chemical +ion O +. O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +ion O +( O +3mM O +) O +activated O +soluble O +guanylate O +cyclase O +3 O +- O +fold O +at O +a O +relatively O +low O +concentration O +of O +Mn2 O ++ O +( O +less O +than O +1mM O +) O +but O +inhibited O +the O +particulate O +enzyme O +slightly O +at O +all O +Mn2 O ++ O +concentrations O +tested O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +isoenzymes O +catalyzed O +the O +hydrolysis O +of O +a O +wide O +range O +of O +peptides O +containing O +from O +2 O +to O +8 O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +a O +similar O +but O +less O +absolute O +requirement O +for O +the O +penultimate O +NH2 O +- O +terminal O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Transport O +of O +riboflavin B-Chemical +into O +yeast O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +assay O +devised O +for O +its O +measurement O +, O +transport O +activity O +shows O +a O +sharp O +pH O +optimum O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +5 O +, O +a O +strong O +temperature O +dependence O +( O +EA O += O +23 O +, O +100 O +cal O +/ O +mol O +) O +, O +and O +saturation O +kinetics O +with O +respect O +to O +riboflavin B-Chemical +( O +Km O += O +15 O +muM O +) O +, O +characteristics O +consistent O +with O +a O +carrier O +- O +mediated O +mechanism O +. O + +aps B-category +Besides O +riboflavin B-Chemical +only O +7 O +- O +methylriboflavin O +, O +8 O +- O +methylriboflavin O +, O +and O +5 O +- O +deazaflavin O +have O +been O +found O +to O +serve O +as O +substrates O +, O +while O +lumiflavin O +, O +tetraacetylriboflavin O +, O +and O +N10 O +- O +[ O +4 O +' O +- O +carboxybutyl O +] O +- O +7 O +, O +8 O +- O +dimethylisoalloxazine O +do O +not O +, O +although O +a O +number O +of O +flavin O +analogs O +in O +which O +the O +ribityl O +side O +chain O +is O +modified O +are O +good O +competitive O +inhibitors O +of O +riboflavin B-Chemical +uptake O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +apparent O +inhibition O +of O +uptake O +by O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +, O +D O +- O +mannose O +, O +and O +D O +- O +fructose O +, O +which O +develops O +in O +the O +course O +of O +assay O +, O +proved O +to O +result O +from O +stimulation O +of O +an O +opposing O +process O +, O +the O +release O +of O +riboflavin B-Chemical +from O +the O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +vitamin B-Chemical +K I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +carboxylating O +system O +has O +been O +solubilized O +by O +Lubrol O +PX O +or O +Triton O +X O +- O +100 O +treatment O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +K I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deficient I-Chemical +rat O +liver O +microsomes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +system O +is O +complex O +and O +is O +dependent O +upon O +NADH O +and O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +for O +maximum O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +requirement O +for O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +and O +the O +inhibition O +by O +p O +- O +hydroxymercuribenzoate O +indicate O +the O +involvement O +of O +an O +- O +- O +SH O +enzyme O +in O +the O +carboxylating O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Properties O +of O +the O +glutamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +results O +with O +enzyme O +from O +E O +. O +coli O +strain O +B O +( O +Miller O +, O +R O +. O +E O +. O +, O +and O +Stadtman O +, O +E O +. O +R O +. O +( O +1972 O +) O +J O +. O +Biol O +. O + +aps B-category +Selective O +inactivation O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +activity O +was O +obtained O +by O +treatment O +with O +the O +glutamine B-Chemical +analog O +. O + +aps B-category +Inactivation O +by O +chloroketone O +exhibited O +saturation O +kinetics O +; O +glutamine B-Chemical +reduced O +the O +rate O +of O +inactivation O +and O +exhibited O +competitive O +kinetics O +. O + +aps B-category +Saturation O +kinetics O +were O +not O +obtained O +for O +inactivation O +by O +iodoacetamide O +but O +protection O +by O +glutamine B-Chemical +exhibited O +competitive O +kinetics O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +active O +site O +cysteine B-Chemical +is O +in O +the O +large O +subunit O +of O +molecular O +weight O +approximately O +153 O +, O +000 O +. O + +aps B-category +Similar O +to O +other O +glutamine B-Chemical +amidotransferases O +, O +glutamate B-Chemical +synthase O +exhibits O +glutaminase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Collectively O +, O +these O +results O +demonstrate O +that O +glutamate B-Chemical +synthase O +is O +similar O +to O +other O +glutamine B-Chemical +amidotransferases O +with O +respect O +to O +distinct O +sites O +for O +glutamine B-Chemical +and O +NH3 O +utilization O +and O +in O +the O +obligatory O +function O +of O +an O +active O +site O +cysteine B-Chemical +residue O +for O +glutamine B-Chemical +utilization O +. O + +aps B-category +Glutamate B-Chemical +synthase O +from O +Escherichia O +coli O +K O +- O +12 O +exhibits O +NH3 O +- O +dependent O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Whereas O +glutamine B-Chemical +plus O +2 O +- O +oxoglutarate O +have O +the O +capacity O +to O +reoxidize O +the O +chemically O +reduced O +flavoenzyme O +, O +no O +such O +reoxidation O +is O +obtained O +with O +2 O +- O +oxoglutarate O +plus O +NH3 O +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +properties O +of O +apoglutamate O +synthase O +are O +similar O +to O +those O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +2 O +- O +Oxoglutarate O +protects O +against O +alkylation O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +synthase O +by O +iodo O +[ O +1 O +- O +14C O +] O +acetamide O +and O +reduces O +incorporation O +of O +methyl O +[ O +1 O +- O +14C O +] O +carboxamide O +into O +the O +small O +subunit O +of O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +naturally O +occurring O +toxin O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methoxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +trans I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +butenoic I-Chemical +( O +AMB O +) O +acid O +irreversibly O +inhibits O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +linked I-Chemical +aspartate B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +the O +same O +pH O +, O +but O +without O +urea B-Chemical +, O +a O +faint O +band O +was O +detected O +in O +coincidence O +with O +enzymatic O +activity O +, O +whereas O +at O +pH O +9 O +. O +5 O +, O +either O +in O +the O +absence O +or O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +, O +no O +protein O +zone O +could O +be O +seen O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +value O +is O +equal O +to O +the O +value O +of O +Km O +for O +aniline O +as O +substrate O +for O +the O +O2 O +- O +dependent O +, O +hemoglobin O +- O +catalyzed O +hydroxylation O +reaction O +which O +yields O +p B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminophenol I-Chemical +( O +Mieyal O +, O +J O +. O +J O +. O +, O +Ackerman O +, O +R O +. O +S O +. O +, O +Blumer O +, O +J O +. O +L O +. O +, O +and O +Freeman O +, O +L O +. O +S O +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamine I-Chemical +is O +deamidated O +by O +glutaminase O +B O +, O +L O +- O +asparagine O +and O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamine I-Chemical +are O +not O +deamidated O +. O + +aps B-category +Borate O +and O +glutamate B-Chemical +protected O +glutaminase O +B O +from O +inactivation O +by O +cold O +. O + +aps B-category +A23187 O +transports O +calcium B-Chemical +rapidly O +into O +rat O +erythrocytes O +, O +apparently O +by O +an O +electroneutral O +exchange O +for O +intracellular O +magnesium B-Chemical +and O +protons O +. O + +aps B-category +Magnesium B-Chemical +uptake O +into O +erythrocytes O +is O +produced O +by O +A23187 O +, O +providing O +the O +extracellular O +concentration O +of O +this O +cation O +exceeds O +intracellular O +levels O +, O +and O +the O +ionophore O +also O +transports O +strontium O +, O +but O +not O +barium B-Chemical +, O +into O +red O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +red O +cells O +are O +incubated O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +any O +exogenous O +divalent O +cations O +, O +A23187 O +still O +produces O +a O +potassium B-Chemical +efflux O +and O +this O +is O +inhibited O +completely O +by O +small O +amounts O +of O +ethylene O +glycol O +bis O +( O +beta O +- O +aminoethyl O +ether B-Chemical +) O +- O +N O +, O +N O +' O +- O +tetraacetic O +acid O +and O +restored O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +in O +excess O +of O +the O +chelator O +. O + +aps B-category +Dipyridamole B-Chemical +and O +4 O +- O +acetamid O +- O +4 O +' O +- O +isothiocyano O +- O +stilbene O +- O +2 O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +disulfonic O +acid O +, O +which O +decrease O +chloride B-Chemical +premeability O +of O +erythrocytes O +, O +inhibit O +the O +A23187 O +- O +induced O +potassium B-Chemical +loss O +from O +red O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +A23187 O +does O +not O +transport O +potassium B-Chemical +directly O +across O +the O +erythrocyte O +plasma O +membrane O +, O +but O +permits O +small O +amounts O +of O +endogenous O +calcium B-Chemical +to O +interact O +with O +some O +membrane O +component O +to O +enhance O +potassium B-Chemical +permeability O +of O +the O +cell O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +1 O +cysteine B-Chemical +residue O +is O +at O +least O +13 O +- O +fold O +more O +reactive O +than O +its O +partner O +toward O +iodoacetamide O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +6 O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +single O +chymotryptic O +cleavage O +between O +the O +2 O +alkylated O +cysteine B-Chemical +residues O +generated O +a O +cationic O +and O +an O +anionic O +fragment O +containing O +7 O +% O +and O +93 O +% O +of O +the O +radioactivity O +of O +the O +purified O +tryptic O +peptide O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Interaction O +of O +thyroxine B-Chemical +and O +triiodothyronine O +with O +human O +thyroxine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +globulin O +. O + +aps B-category +Inclusion O +of O +ovalbumin O +in O +the O +dialysis O +mixture O +stabilized O +thyroxine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +globulin O +against O +losses O +in O +binding O +activity O +which O +had O +been O +found O +to O +occur O +during O +equilibrium O +dialysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Scatchard O +plots O +of O +the O +binding O +data O +for O +triiodothyronine O +indicated O +that O +the O +binding O +of O +this O +compound O +to O +thyroxine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +globulin O +was O +more O +complex O +than O +that O +found O +for O +thyroxine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Measurement O +of O +the O +pH O +dependence O +of O +binding O +indicated O +that O +both O +thyroxine B-Chemical +and O +triiodothyronine O +were O +bound O +maximally O +in O +the O +region O +of O +physiological O +pH O +, O +pH O +6 O +. O +8 O +to O +7 O +. O +7 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +predominant O +high O +spin O +species O +( O +g O += O +8 O +. O +2 O +) O +was O +decreased O +by O +addition O +of O +20alpha O +- O +hydroxycholesterol O +and O +elevated O +pH O +but O +was O +increased O +by O +addition O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +two O +forms O +were O +evidently O +not O +in O +equilibrium O +and O +have O +been O +assigned O +to O +distinct O +forms O +of O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +involved O +in O +, O +respectively O +, O +cholesterol B-Chemical +side O +chain O +cleavage O +( O +P O +- O +450scc O +) O +and O +steroid B-Chemical +11beta O +hydroxylation O +( O +P O +- O +450 O +( O +11 O +) O +beta O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +high O +to O +low O +spin O +transition O +was O +observed O +when O +these O +complexes O +were O +turned O +over O +by O +initiating O +hydroxylation O +with O +malate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Enzyme O +activity O +was O +inhibited O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +high O +salt B-Chemical +concentrations O +and O +temperatures O +above O +45 O +degrees O +. 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O +75 O +M O +urea B-Chemical +) O +, O +indicating O +strong O +interaction O +of O +aromatic O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +in O +the O +native O +molecule O +with O +the O +solvent O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +free O +energy O +of O +stabilization O +( O +deltaG O +) O +of O +the O +native O +conformation O +of O +apo O +A O +- O +1 O +was O +estimated O +, O +( O +a O +) O +at O +37 O +degrees O +, O +using O +the O +calorimetric O +deltaA O +and O +deltaCvd O +, O +and O +( O +b O +) O +at O +25 O +degrees O +, O +by O +extrapolation O +of O +spectroscopic O +data O +to O +zero O +urea B-Chemical +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +1 O +- O +tetrahydrofolate O +is O +active O +in O +Reaction O +1 O +; O +d O +- O +tetrahydrofolate O +, O +folate B-Chemical +, O +and O +methotrexate B-Chemical +were O +neither O +active O +nor O +inhibitory O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Separation O +of O +ATP O +, O +ADP O +, O +AMP O +, O +adenine O +, O +adenosine B-Chemical +, O +cAMP B-Chemical +, O +ITP O +, O +IDP O +, O +IMP O +, O +hypoxanthine O +, O +inosine O +, O +cIMP O +, O +the O +guanine O +series O +, O +NAD O +, O +NADPH B-Chemical +, O +xanthine B-Chemical +, O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylxanthine I-Chemical +, O +theobromine O +, O +theophylline B-Chemical +, O +and O +caffeine B-Chemical +was O +accomplished O +using O +high O +- O +performance O +liquid O +chromatography O +with O +a O +microparticulate O +reversed O +- O +phase O +column O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +same O +patients O +, O +LVP O +stimulation O +and O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +suppression O +tests O +brought O +about O +significant O +changes O +in O +the O +plasma O +beta O +- O +MSH O +and O +ACTH B-Chemical +levels O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Sequential O +determinations O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +outflow O +and O +inflow O +, O +and O +rates O +of O +gluconeogenesis O +from O +alanine B-Chemical +, O +before O +, O +during O +and O +after O +insulin O +- O +induced O +hypoglycemia O +were O +obtained O +in O +relation O +to O +alterations O +in O +circulating O +epinephrine B-Chemical +, O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +, O +glucagon O +, O +cortisol B-Chemical +, O +and O +growth O +hormone O +in O +six O +normal O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +Before O +insulin O +, O +glucose B-Chemical +inflow O +and O +outflow O +were O +constant O +averaging O +125 O +. O +3 O ++ O +/ O +- O +7 O +. O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +per O +h O +. O +15 O +min O +after O +insulin O +, O +mean O +glucose B-Chemical +outflow O +increased O +threefold O +, O +but O +then O +decreased O +at O +25 O +min O +, O +reaching O +a O +rate O +15 O +% O +less O +than O +the O +preinsulin O +rate O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Homeostasis O +seems O +to O +involve O +the O +maintenance O +of O +a O +proper O +balance O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +and O +potassium B-Chemical +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +2 O +. O +gamma O +- O +Aminobutyric O +acid O +, O +glutamate B-Chemical +, O +glycine B-Chemical +, O +aspartate B-Chemical +and O +alanine B-Chemical +had O +no O +significant O +effect O +on O +the O +resting O +potential O +. O + +aps B-category +Acetylcholine O +and O +carbachol B-Chemical +appeared O +to O +act O +by O +modifying O +transmitter O +output O +from O +the O +salivary O +nerves O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +the O +most O +potent O +of O +the O +biogenic O +amines B-Chemical +tested O +, O +is O +the O +transmitter O +at O +this O +junction O +. 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O + +aps B-category +When O +methyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ammonium I-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +is O +added O +to O +succinate O ++ O +histidine O +media O +, O +growth O +inhibition O +occurs O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +the O +hut O +genes O +of O +P O +. O +aeruginosa O +may O +be O +regulated O +in O +the O +same O +way O +as O +in O +Klebsiella O +aerogenes O +, O +by O +induction O +by O +urocanate O +and O +activation O +by O +either O +the O +cyclic O +AMP O +- O +dependent O +activator O +protein O +or O +by O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +energy O +- O +dependent O +system O +was O +inhibited O +by O +KCN O +, O +Na2HAsO4 O +, O +m O +- O +chlorophenyl O +carbonylcyanide O +hydrazone O +, O +N O +- O +ethylmaleimide O +, O +EDTA O +and O +diethylenetriaminepenta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Cells O +did O +not O +exchange O +recently O +accumulated O +toluene O +, O +or O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulphate O +. O + +aps B-category +Efflux O +was O +only O +observed O +after O +the O +addition O +of O +toluene O +or O +nystatin O +, O +or O +when O +cells O +were O +heated O +to O +100 O +degrees O +C O +. O +Cells O +fed O +a O +large O +quantity O +of O +Zn2 O ++ O +contained O +a O +protein O +fraction O +resembling O +animal O +cell O +metallothionein B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +SHR O +, O +cerebral O +lactate B-Chemical +and O +cerebral O +lactate B-Chemical +/ O +pyruvate B-Chemical +ratio O +( O +L O +/ O +P O +ratio O +) O +increased O +by O +12 O +. O +4 O +and O +12 O +. O +1 O +times O +the O +control O +, O +respectively O +at O +five O +to O +six O +hours O +after O +ligation O +, O +and O +remained O +raised O +even O +in O +rats O +surviving O +for O +two O +to O +three O +days O +thereafter O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Riboflavin O +formation O +in O +the O +culture O +filtrate O +was O +determined O +at O +0 O +, O +5 O +, O +10 O +and O +20 O +hr O +after O +start O +of O +the O +incubation O +of O +the O +non O +- O +growing O +cells O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +xanthine B-Chemical +or O +8 O +- O +azaguanine O +( O +1 O +mM O +, O +respectively O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Acid O +soluble O +nucleotide B-Chemical +pools O +in O +the O +cells O +were O +followed O +at O +0 O +, O +5 O +, O +10 O +and O +20 O +hr O +of O +the O +incubation O +period O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +xanthine B-Chemical +or O +8 O +- O +azaguanine O +by O +means O +of O +anion O +exchange O +column O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +But O +, O +the O +decrease O +of O +the O +former O +was O +overcome O +in O +part O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +flavinogenic O +xanthine B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +release O +of O +resorcinol O +( O +5 O +% O +) O +from O +hydrogels O +( O +Carbopol O +, O +sodium B-Chemical +carboxymethylcellulose O +, O +starch O +) O +, O +lipogels O +( O +alcoholic O +- O +base O +, O +esteric O +- O +bases O +containing O +different O +amounts O +of O +beeswax O +with O +and O +without O +a O +spreading O +additive O +, O +respectively O +) O +and O +Labrafils O +has O +been O +examined O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +infusion O +of O +dextran B-Chemical +( O +mean O +molecular O +weight O +70000 O +) O +in O +normal O +saline O +( O +either O +1 O +litre O +or O +500 O +ml O +) O +was O +given O +to O +patients O +undergoing O +hysterectomy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +persistence O +of O +dextran B-Chemical +in O +the O +plasma O +in O +these O +amounts O +and O +for O +this O +length O +of O +time O +may O +have O +considerable O +implications O +in O +the O +prophylaxis O +of O +postoperative O +deep O +venous O +thrombosis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +absorption O +and O +elimination O +of O +metoclopramide B-Chemical +have O +been O +studied O +in O +the O +rat O +, O +rabbit O +and O +dog O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +findings O +in O +the O +rabbit O +and O +in O +the O +dog O +suggest O +that O +the O +liver O +plays O +an O +active O +role O +reducing O +the O +systemic O +availability O +of O +unchanged O +metoclopramide B-Chemical +after O +oral O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +Infusions O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +( O +1 O +- O +3 O +mug O +ml O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +min O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +) O +into O +the O +mesenteric O +vascular O +preparation O +of O +the O +rabbit O +caused O +a O +2 O +to O +5 O +fold O +rise O +in O +perfusion O +pressure O +and O +a O +release O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +like I-Chemical +material O +( O +3 O +. O +23 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +65 O +( O +s O +. O +e O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +Indomethacin B-Chemical +( O +3 O +mug O +ml O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +) O +prevented O +whereas O +arachidonic O +acid O +( O +0 O +. O +2 O +mug O +ml O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +) O +augmented O +, O +the O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +evoked I-Chemical +release O +of O +a O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +like I-Chemical +material O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +some O +polyene O +macrolides B-Chemical +on O +absorption O +from O +the O +small O +intestine O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Chronic O +treatment O +with O +candicidin O +and O +its O +presence O +at O +various O +concentrations O +in O +the O +gut O +loop O +perfusion O +experiments O +inhibited O +[ O +3H O +] O +cholesterol B-Chemical +absorption O +although O +a O +smaller O +effect O +was O +also O +obtained O +with O +amphotericin B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +and O +nystatin O +at O +higher O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +assessment O +of O +the O +cardiovascular O +sympathectomy O +induced O +by O +guanethidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +While O +these O +changes O +are O +consistent O +with O +a O +sympathectomy O +, O +the O +unaltered O +pressor O +responses O +to O +physostigmine B-Chemical +( O +100 O +mug O +kg O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +, O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +Identification O +of O +2 O +, O +6 O +- O +dichlorophenylguanidine O +as O +a O +metabolite O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +but O +not O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxylase I-Chemical +facilitates O +the O +action O +of O +behaviourally O +ineffective O +doses O +of O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +gamma O +- O +Aminobutyric O +acid O +: O +the O +essential O +mediator O +of O +behaviour O +triggered O +by O +neostriatally O +applied O +apomorphine B-Chemical +and O +haloperidol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Possible O +involvement O +of O +prostaglandins B-Chemical +in O +the O +contractile O +action O +of O +bradykinin B-Chemical +on O +rat O +terminal O +ileum O +. O + +aps B-category +Concerning O +the O +merits O +of O +copper B-Chemical +aspirin B-Chemical +as O +a O +potential O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +Factors O +affecting O +the O +binding O +of O +tricyclic O +tranquillizers O +and O +antidepressants B-Chemical +to O +human O +serum O +albumin O +. O + +aps B-category +Reversed O +ester O +analogues O +of O +pethidine B-Chemical +: O +isomeric O +4 O +- O +acetoxy O +- O +1 O +, O +2 O +, O +6 O +- O +trimethyl O +- O +4 O +- O +phenylpiperidines O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +, O +together O +with O +reported O +data O +, O +demonstrate O +the O +potency O +raising O +effects O +of O +axial O +methyl O +alpha O +- O +to O +nitrogen B-Chemical +and O +the O +lowering O +action O +of O +equatorial O +alpha O +- O +methyl O +substituents O +in O +reversed O +esters O +of O +pethidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Phosvitin O +alone O +was O +found O +to O +prevent O +the O +hypoxia O +- O +induced O +T O +- O +wave O +changes O +( O +flattening O +or O +disappearance O +) O +, O +which O +were O +also O +temporarily O +aggravated O +by O +injection O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +intestinal O +transfer O +of O +different O +tetracyclines O +dissolved O +in O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +and O +magnesium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +free I-Chemical +Krebs O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +buffer O +solution O +, O +pH O +7 O +. O +4 O +, O +was O +studied O +using O +the O +everted O +ileum O +of O +the O +mouse O +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +and O +magnesium B-Chemical +to O +the O +buffer O +greatly O +reduced O +the O +transfer O +of O +tetracycline B-Chemical +; O +this O +inhibition O +could O +be O +antagonized O +by O +EDTA O +. 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O + +aps B-category +To O +make O +the O +complex O +, O +iodine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +125 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +human I-Chemical +prolactin O +was O +incubated O +with O +prolactin O +receptors O +isolated O +from O +female O +rat O +liver O +cell O +membranes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mammary O +cells O +from O +hyposectomized O +animals O +lost O +the O +binding O +ability O +, O +and O +this O +ability O +was O +not O +recovered O +even O +by O +estrogen B-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +no O +significant O +alteration O +of O +32P O +incorporation O +into O +major O +phospholipids O +such O +as O +phosphatidylcholine O +, O +phosphatidylethanolamine O +and O +sphingomyelin O +was O +demonstrated O +in O +the O +compensatory O +hypertrophied O +mouse O +kidney O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Accordingly O +, O +syrosingopine O +induced O +a O +depletion O +of O +brain O +NE O +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +without O +alteration O +in O +brain O +DA O +content O +2 O +- O +4 O +days O +after O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +selective O +depleting O +effect O +of O +syrosingopine O +on O +brain O +amines B-Chemical +was O +potentiated O +by O +combined O +treatment O +with O +disulfiram B-Chemical +or O +fusaric O +acid O +, O +a O +dopamine B-Chemical +beta O +- O +hydroxylase O +inhibitor O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +suggest O +that O +brain O +DA O +may O +be O +more O +important O +than O +brain O +NE O +or O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +with O +regard O +to O +the O +mechanisms O +by O +which O +morpine O +produces O +analgesia O +. O + +aps B-category +Exposure O +in O +vivo O +of O +agoraphobics O +: O +contributions O +of O +diazepam B-Chemical +, O +group O +exposure O +, O +and O +anxiety O +evocation O +. O + +aps B-category +Outcome O +to O +group O +exposure O +on O +phobias O +and O +other O +measures O +was O +similar O +in O +all O +three O +drug O +conditions O +( O +placebo O +, O +waning O +diazepam B-Chemical +, O +peak O +diazepam B-Chemical +) O +with O +no O +significant O +differences O +between O +them O +. O + +aps B-category +Diazepam B-Chemical +is O +a O +mild O +palliative O +during O +group O +exposure O +but O +does O +not O +facilitate O +outcome O +to O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Prostaglandin O +IX O +- O +synthesis O +of O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +- O +15 O +- O +methyl O +- O +11 O +- O +deoxy O +PGE1 B-Chemical +( O +doxaprost O +) O +- O +a O +potent O +bronchodilator O +- O +and O +its O +C O +- O +15 O +- O +epimer O +. O + +aps B-category +Reserpine B-Chemical +( O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +was O +administered O +to O +pregnant O +rats O +on O +days O +12 O +, O +13 O +and O +14 O +of O +gestation O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +triazolam B-Chemical +and O +methyprylon O +as O +a O +hypnotic O +in O +insomniacs O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +first O +night O +of O +the O +2 O +night O +trial O +, O +triazolam B-Chemical +or O +methyprylon O +was O +given O +on O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +basis O +and O +on O +the O +2nd O +night O +the O +outpatients O +received O +the O +alternate O +medication O +. O + +aps B-category +Analysis O +of O +the O +various O +sleep O +parameters O +showed O +that O +triazolam B-Chemical +helped O +the O +patients O +sleep O +more O +than O +methyprylon O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +026 O +) O +, O +there O +were O +fewer O +awakenings O +on O +triazolam B-Chemical +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +064 O +) O +, O +a O +longer O +duration O +of O +sleep O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +064 O +) O +and O +a O +better O +feeling O +in O +the O +a O +. O +m O +. O +( O +p O += O +0 O +. O +020 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +the O +two O +enantiomers O +of O +butaclamol O +and O +of O +several O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +on O +the O +apomorphine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +elicited I-Chemical +inhibition O +of O +synaptosomal O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +was O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +( O ++ O +) O +Butaclamol O +is O +more O +potent O +than O +the O +other O +tested O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +two O +criteria O +, O +namely O +the O +concentrations O +of O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +required O +to O +reverse O +enzyme O +inhibition O +maximally O +or O +by O +25 O +% O +, O +the O +order O +of O +decreasing O +potency O +is O +as O +follows O +: O +( O ++ O +) O +butaclamol O +, O +fluphenazine B-Chemical +, O +haloperidol B-Chemical +, O +pimozide O +, O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Subsynaptosomal O +distribution O +, O +inhibition O +, O +and O +characterization O +of O +the O +binding O +of O +( O +14C O +) O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +OH I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +indole I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetaldehyde I-Chemical +to O +brain O +preparations O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +binding O +of O +[ O +14C O +] O +serotonin B-Chemical +and O +MAO O +activity O +in O +brain O +preparations O +was O +inhibited O +by O +CNS O +antidepressants B-Chemical +( O +imipramine B-Chemical +) O +or O +stimulants O +( O +caffeine B-Chemical +) O +, O +by O +hallucinogens O +( O +N O +, O +N O +- O +dimethyltryptamine O +) O +, O +sedatives O +( O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +) O +, O +and O +other O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Respiratory O +failure O +: O +correlation O +between O +encephalopathy O +, O +blood O +gases O +and O +blood O +ammonia B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Interindividually O +, O +a O +significant O +correlation O +was O +found O +between O +the O +encephalopathy O +and O +SaO2 O +, O +PaCO2 O +or O +ammonia B-Chemical +, O +and O +also O +between O +the O +blood O +gases O +and O +ammonia B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ammonia B-Chemical +level O +seemed O +to O +be O +influenced O +primarily O +by O +other O +factors O +than O +the O +blood O +gases O +, O +although O +there O +was O +a O +borderline O +influence O +of O +SaO2 O +on O +aterial O +ammonia B-Chemical +and O +a O +significant O +influence O +of O +PaCO2 O +- O +HCO3 O +and O +pH O +on O +venous O +ammonia B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +During O +hemorrhagic O +shock O +, O +the O +blood O +lactate B-Chemical +concentration O +increased O +sixfold O +. O + +aps B-category +Intracellular O +pH O +of O +skeletal O +muscle O +was O +only O +slightly O +decreased O +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +concentration O +was O +unchanged O +during O +this O +combined O +metabolic O +and O +respiratory O +acidosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Extracellular O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +concentration O +( O +calculated O +from O +the O +pH O +and O +Pco2 O +values O +measured O +in O +arterial O +blood O +) O +was O +not O +maintained O +constant O +, O +but O +diminished O +in O +juvenile O +and O +increased O +in O +adult O +fish O +with O +increasing O +temperature O +, O +indicating O +that O +extracellular O +pH O +in O +dogfish O +is O +regulated O +by O +variations O +of O +both O +Pco2 O +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +the O +relationship O +between O +plasma O +and O +CSF O +HCO3 O +changes O +was O +studied O +during O +4 O +hours O +of O +respiratory O +alkalosis O +( O +PaCO2 O += O +20 O +mm O +Hg O +) O +in O +anesthetized O +dogs O +when O +plasma O +HCO3 O +: O +( O +1 O +) O +fell O +normally O +, O +( O +2 O +) O +kept O +' O +normal O +' O +by O +NaHCO3 B-Chemical +infusion O +, O +( O +3 O +) O +increased O +by O +infusing O +more O +NaHCO3 B-Chemical +, O +and O +( O +4 O +) O +reduced O +by O +infusing O +HCl O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +hypocapnia O +and O +metabolic O +alkalosis O +plasma O +HCO3 O +increased O +6 O +. O +5 O +mEq O +/ O +L O +and O +CSF O +HCO3 O +remained O +unchanged O +and O +lactate B-Chemical +increased O +2 O +. O +12 O +mEq O +/ O +L O +. O + +aps B-category +Levels O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +were O +significantly O +elevated O +in O +the O +telencephalon O +and O +diencephalon O ++ O +mesencephalon O +of O +rats O +killed O +by O +near O +- O +freezing O +during O +conditioned O +suppression O +of O +food O +- O +reinforced O +lever O +pressing O +, O +whereas O +levels O +of O +serotonin B-Chemical +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +and O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +were O +not O +altered O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +The O +analgesic O +efficacy O +of O +pentazocine B-Chemical +( O +fortalgesic O +winthrop O +) O +in O +suppositories O +with O +postoperative O +pains O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Electrocatalysis O +in O +fuel O +cells O +requires O +as O +well O +substances O +capable O +of O +catalyzing O +the O +anodic O +oxidation O +of O +fuels O +as O +catalysts O +for O +the O +cathodic O +reduction O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Comparative O +studies O +have O +shown O +that O +chelates O +with O +other O +types O +of O +coordination O +, O +in O +particular O +N202 O +- O +, O +04 O +- O +, O +N2S2 O +- O +and O +S4 O +- O +chelates O +, O +are O +able O +to O +catalyze O +the O +reduction O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +, O +though O +they O +are O +considerably O +less O +active O +than O +the O +N4 O +- O +compounds O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cathodic O +reduction O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +can O +be O +regarded O +as O +redox O +catalysis O +, O +or O +it O +can O +be O +considered O +from O +the O +standpoint O +of O +molecular O +orbital O +theory O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effect O +of O +atropine B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +, O +papaverin O +HC1 O +and O +antihistaminic O +preparations O +on O +isolated O +organs O +of O +various O +experimental O +animals O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Species O +and O +phenobarbitone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +differences O +in O +the O +kinetic O +constants O +of O +liver O +microsomal O +harmine O +O O +- O +demethylation O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effect O +of O +chronic O +beta O +- O +receptor O +blockade O +in O +blood O +pressure O +and O +renin O +and O +aldosterone B-Chemical +secretion O +in O +essential O +hypertension O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Mean O +whole O +- O +body O +pHi O +and O +intracellular O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +concentrations O +in O +patients O +with O +chronic O +kidney O +failure O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +problem O +of O +aflatoxin O +determination O +in O +processed O +cheese O +can O +be O +solved O +by O +the O +destruction O +of O +the O +emulsion O +with O +6 O +m O +urea B-Chemical +solution O +; O +the O +detection O +limit O +is O +0 O +. O +1 O +- O +0 O +. O +05 O +ppb O +B1 O +respectively O +G1 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +formation O +of O +N O +- O +nitrososarcosine O +from O +creatine B-Chemical +, O +creatinine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxime I-Chemical +and O +l O +- O +methylhydantoin O +- O +5 O +- O +oxime O +from O +creatinine B-Chemical +was O +investigated O +in O +model O +solutions O +under O +various O +conditions O +( O +temperature O +, O +pH O +, O +concentration O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +nitrite I-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +N O +- O +nitrososarcosine O +was O +detected O +at O +0 O +degrees O +C O +and O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +an O +equimolar O +amount O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +nitrite I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +At O +a O +given O +pH O +, O +the O +concentrations O +of O +these O +two O +oximes O +increased O +generally O +with O +increased O +temperature O +and O +/ O +or O +concentration O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +nitrite I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activation O +energies O +of O +the O +studied O +reactions O +in O +acidic O +medium O +were O +4 O +. O +12 O +( O +n O +- O +nitrososarcosine O +) O +, O +19 O +. O +3 O +( O +creatinine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxime I-Chemical +) O +, O +and O +20 O +. O +2 O +kcal O +/ O +mol O +( O +l O +- O +methylhydantoin O +- O +5 O +- O +oxime O +) O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Pathogenesis O +and O +the O +pathogenetic O +therapy O +of O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deficiency I-Chemical +anemia O +in O +young O +children O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Content O +of O +neuroactive O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +the O +hypothalamus O +and O +liver O +of O +rats O +in O +experimental O +stomach O +ulcer O +and O +their O +changes O +under O +the O +effect O +of O +cholinolytic O +drugs O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purification O +procedure O +consisted O +of O +: O +fractionation O +with O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulphate O +; O +adsorption O +of O +contaminating O +proteins O +on O +calcium B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +gel O +; O +chromatography O +on O +Sephadex O +G O +- O +150 O +and O +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +synthesis O +and O +properties O +of O +N6 O +- O +substituted O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +purine I-Chemical +derivatives O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +copolymer O +containing O +N6 O +- O +methoxy O +- O +2 O +- O +aminopurine O +riboside O +and O +adenosine B-Chemical +residues O +has O +been O +obtained O +; O +attempts O +to O +synthesize O +the O +homopolymer O +have O +not O +been O +successful O +. O + +aps B-category +Amnesic O +action O +of O +and O +skills O +related O +to O +driving O +after O +intravenous O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Every O +subject O +experienced O +amnesia O +for O +the O +pinching O +of O +the O +abdomen O +after O +being O +injected O +with O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +late O +effects O +of O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +were O +the O +most O +harmful O +to O +coordination O +. O + +aps B-category +Its O +longer O +and O +more O +harmful O +effects O +on O +psychomotor O +performance O +than O +those O +of O +equipotent O +doses O +of O +diazepam B-Chemical +suggest O +that O +doses O +of O +0 O +. O +02 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +or O +more O +of O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +should O +be O +avoided O +in O +outpatient O +anaesthesia O +or O +sedation O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +double O +- O +blind O +controlled O +trial O +based O +on O +140 O +women O +undergoing O +abortus O +provocatus O +was O +employed O +to O +study O +whether O +the O +frequency O +of O +side O +effects O +after O +administration O +of O +the O +anaesthetic O +Ketalar O +( O +ketamine B-Chemical +) O +could O +be O +reduced O +by O +a O +con O +- O +current O +dose O +of O +Rohypnol O +( O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dosage O +of O +ketamine B-Chemical +was O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +body O +weight O +, O +supplemented O +if O +necessary O +by O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +in O +combination O +with O +either O +2 O +mg O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +or O +placebo O +. O + +aps B-category +Memory O +of O +dreams O +was O +often O +unpleasant O +after O +ketamine B-Chemical +alone O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Metoprolol B-Chemical +, O +in O +a O +dose O +of O +50 O +mg O +t O +. O +i O +. O +d O +. O +, O +gave O +a O +significant O +improvement O +compared O +with O +placebo O +in O +respect O +of O +the O +number O +of O +anginal O +attacks O +, O +nitroglycerin B-Chemical +consumption O +and O +daily O +subjective O +assessment O +of O +the O +patients O +' O +anginal O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +50 O +mg O +metoprolol B-Chemical +t O +. O +i O +. O +d O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +sugars O +, O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +concentration O +and O +ammonium B-Chemical +nitrate B-Chemical +on O +the O +formation O +of O +citric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +by O +Aspergillus O +niger O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +growing O +the O +organism O +at O +pH O +2 O +. O +0 O +the O +gluconic O +acid O +content O +was O +reduced O +but O +citric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +yield O +remained O +low O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +the O +sugars O +used O +for O +the O +production O +of O +citric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +sucrose B-Chemical +in O +an O +unautoclaved O +medium O +was O +found O +to O +be O +the O +best O +carbon B-Chemical +source O +. O + +aps B-category +Under O +optimum O +conditions O +only O +citric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +was O +produced O +and O +the O +yield O +was O +66 O +- O +68 O +per O +litre O +after O +a O +growth O +period O +of O +about O +10 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +0 O +. O +05 O +M O +sodium B-Chemical +acetate O +pH O +6 O +. O +0 O +, O +arylsulfatase O +A O +is O +not O +absorbed O +while O +arylsulfatase O +B O +is O +retained O +by O +the O +resin O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Lactate B-Chemical +transport O +was O +inhibited O +competitively O +by O +( O +a O +) O +a O +variety O +of O +other O +substituted O +monocarboxylic O +acids O +( O +e O +. O +g O +. O + +aps B-category +Experiments O +using O +saturating O +amounts O +of O +mersalyl O +as O +an O +" O +inhibitor O +stop O +" O +allowed O +measurements O +of O +the O +initial O +rates O +of O +net O +influx O +and O +of O +net O +efflux O +of O +[ O +14C O +] O +lactate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +lactate B-Chemical +transport O +in O +Ehrlich O +ascites O +- O +tumour O +cells O +is O +mediated O +by O +a O +carrier O +capable O +of O +transporting O +a O +number O +of O +other O +substituted O +monocarboxylic O +acids O +, O +but O +not O +unsubstituted O +short O +- O +chain O +aliphatic O +acids O +. O + +aps B-category +6 O +, O +7 O +- O +Dideoxy O +- O +alpha O +- O +D O +- O +gluco O +- O +heptose O +7 O +- O +phosphonic O +acid O +, O +the O +isosteric O +phosphonate O +analogue O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +, O +was O +synthesized O +in O +six O +steps O +from O +the O +readily O +available O +precursor O +benzyl O +4 O +, O +6 O +- O +O O +- O +benzylidene O +- O +alpha O +- O +D O +- O +glucopyranoside O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +product O +of O +enzymic O +dehydrogenation O +of O +the O +phosphonate O +analogue O +at O +pH8 O +. O +5 O +is O +itself O +a O +substrate O +for O +gluconate O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +Digestion O +of O +human O +subcomponent O +C1q O +with O +pepsin O +at O +pH4 O +. O +45 O +for O +20h O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +fragmented O +most O +of O +the O +non O +- O +collagen O +- O +like O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +sequences O +in O +the O +molecule O +to O +small O +peptides O +, O +whereas O +the O +entire O +regions O +of O +collagen O +- O +like O +sequence O +that O +comprised O +38 O +% O +by O +weight O +of O +the O +subcomponent O +C1q O +were O +left O +intact O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +fragments O +were O +separated O +on O +CM O +- O +cellulose O +at O +pH4 O +. O +9 O +in O +buffers O +containing O +7 O +. O +5M B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +urea I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Estimation O +of O +the O +molecular O +weights O +of O +the O +peptic O +fragments O +by O +polyacrylamide O +- O +gel O +electrophoresis O +run O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulphate O +gave O +values O +that O +were O +approx O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +[ O +1 O +- O +14C O +] O +oleoyl O +- O +CoA O +was O +incubated O +with O +a O +pea O +- O +leaf O +homogenate O +oleate O +was O +both O +incorporated O +into O +microsomal O +3 O +- O +sn O +- O +phosphatidylcholine O +and O +released O +as O +the O +unesterified O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +At O +the O +concentrations O +of O +microsomal O +preparation O +and O +[ O +14C O +] O +oleoyl O +- O +CoA O +used O +to O +study O +oleate O +desaturation O +the O +metabolism O +of O +the O +thiol B-Chemical +ester O +was O +essentially O +complete O +after O +5 O +min O +incubation O +, O +but O +the O +loss O +of O +label O +from O +3 O +- O +sn O +- O +phosphatidylcholine O +oleate O +and O +the O +concomitant O +increase O +in O +radioactivity O +in O +the O +linoleate O +of O +this O +phospholipid O +proceeded O +at O +approximately O +linear O +rates O +over O +a O +60 O +min O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +Oleate O +desaturation O +required O +oxygen B-Chemical +and O +with O +unwashed O +microsomal O +fractions O +was O +stimulated O +either O +by O +NADPH B-Chemical +or O +by O +the O +105 O +000g O +supernatant O +. O + +aps B-category +NADPH B-Chemical +could O +be O +replaced O +by O +NADH O +or O +NADP O ++ O +, O +but O +not O +by O +NAD O ++ O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +pretreatment O +with O +2 O +- O +mercaptoethanol O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulphate O +, O +alpha O +- O +D O +- O +mannosidase O +dissociated O +into O +subunits O +of O +mol O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +proteinases O +were O +efficiently O +adsorbed O +to O +insoluble O +material O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +salt B-Chemical +in O +the O +initial O +stages O +of O +purification O +. O + +aps B-category +Cathepsin O +G O +showed O +the O +characteristics O +of O +a O +serine O +proteinase O +, O +but O +was O +less O +affected O +by O +the O +chloromethyl O +ketone B-Chemical +of O +tosylphenylalanine O +than O +was O +chymotrypsin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +analogue O +of O +fructose O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +bisphosphate O +in O +which O +the O +phosphate B-Chemical +group O +, O +- O +O O +- O +PO3H2 O +, O +on O +C O +- O +6 O +is O +replaced O +by O +the O +phosphonomethyl O +group O +, O +- O +CH2 O +- O +PO3H2 O +, O +was O +made O +enzymically O +from O +the O +corresponding O +analogue O +of O +3 O +- O +phosphoglycerate O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +proved O +to O +be O +a O +substrate O +for O +the O +sequential O +actions O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +isomerase O +, O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +and O +6 O +- O +phosphogluconate O +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +Human O +erythrocyte O +glucose B-Chemical +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +ferrocyanide O +charge O +- O +transfer O +complex O +of O +bovine O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +. O + +aps B-category +Increased O +production O +of O +the O +outer O +membrane O +receptors O +for O +colicins O +B O +, O +D O +and O +M O +by O +Escherichia O +coli O +under O +iron B-Chemical +starvation O +. O + +aps B-category +Alkaloid O +products O +in O +the O +metabolism O +of O +alcohol B-Chemical +and O +biogenic O +amines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Regulation O +of O +adrenal O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +: O +neuronal O +versus O +local O +control O +studied O +with O +apomorphine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Factors O +affecting O +morphine B-Chemical +uptake O +into O +kidney O +slices O +. O + +aps B-category +Impairment O +of O +hepatic O +microsomal O +drug O +metabolism O +in O +the O +rat O +during O +daily O +disulfiram B-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +in O +the O +toxicity O +of O +fluroxene O +( O +2 O +, O +2 O +, O +2 O +- O +trifluoroethyl O +vinyl O +ether B-Chemical +) O +anaesthesia O +in O +vivo O +. O + +aps B-category +Association O +of O +nucleic O +acids O +with O +complexes O +of O +N O +- O +methyl O +isatin O +- O +beta O +- O +thiosemicarbazone O +and O +copper B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +metal O +complexing O +property O +of O +furosemide B-Chemical +and O +bumetanide B-Chemical +: O +determination O +of O +pK O +and O +stability O +constant O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +further O +experiments O +we O +studied O +the O +influence O +of O +antirheumatic O +drugs O +, O +such O +as O +sodium B-Chemical +salicylate I-Chemical +, O +phenylbutazone B-Chemical +, O +pentosanpoly O +- O +sulfate O +and O +gold B-Chemical +thiopolypeptide O +, O +on O +cartilage O +degradation O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +report O +two O +examples O +( O +inhibition O +of O +alcohol B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +by O +pyridine O +and O +benzamide B-Chemical +derivates O +) O +are O +given O +for O +the O +interpretation O +of O +the O +MASCA O +- O +model O +. O + +aps B-category +Earlier O +findings O +have O +shown O +that O +in O +experimental O +animals O +( O +rat O +) O +and O +in O +man O +inhaled O +carbon B-Chemical +disulphide O +( O +CS2 O +) O +reversibly O +inhibits O +the O +non O +- O +specific O +oxidative O +drug O +metabolism O +caused O +by O +hepatic O +microsomal O +enzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +oxidase O +from O +octopus O +liver O +( O +Octopus O +vulgaris O +Lam O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +[ O +The O +influence O +of O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +on O +urinary O +excretion O +of O +non O +- O +protein O +nitrogen B-Chemical +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +values O +were O +calculated O +in O +relation O +to O +the O +excretion O +of O +creatinine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +b O +) O +Moreover O +, O +if O +the O +drug O +induced O +a O +parkinsonoid O +( O +thioridazine B-Chemical +) O +the O +excretion O +of O +ser O +and O +thr O +was O +increased O +, O +too O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Concentration O +of O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +diphosphoglycerate O +and O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ions O +in O +the O +erythrocytes O +of O +small O +- O +for O +- O +gestational O +- O +age O +newborn O +infants O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +contribution O +to O +acidification O +of O +the O +stomach O +contents O +of O +pigs O +by O +hydrochloric O +acid O +secretion O +or O +by O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +produced O +by O +fermentation O +was O +studied O +in O +fifteen O +suckling O +pigs O +from O +six O +litters O +born O +and O +reared O +either O +in O +a O +' O +conventional O +' O +environment O +or O +in O +an O +isolated O +' O +clean O +' O +environment O +. O + +aps B-category +Six O +pigs O +from O +two O +litters O +born O +and O +reared O +in O +a O +' O +clean O +' O +environment O +had O +acid O +secretion O +in O +the O +stomach O +at O +2 O +d O +of O +age O +, O +and O +the O +concentrations O +of O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +in O +stomach O +contents O +remained O +low O +( O +0 O +- O +40 O +mmol O +/ O +l O +) O +throughout O +the O +suckling O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pattern O +of O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +production O +( O +and O +hence O +the O +acidity O +of O +stomach O +contents O +) O +was O +governed O +by O +frequency O +of O +suckling O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +: O +( O +1 O +) O +that O +the O +environment O +at O +birth O +is O +important O +in O +determining O +the O +fermentative O +ability O +of O +the O +stomach O +flora O +; O +( O +2 O +) O +that O +if O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +is O +produced O +in O +large O +amounts O +in O +the O +stomach O +, O +it O +may O +partly O +or O +completely O +inhibit O +acidification O +by O +HC1 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +indicate O +that O +a O +specific O +interaction O +, O +which O +develops O +in O +parallel O +with O +enzyme O +activity O +at O +low O +pH O +, O +does O +not O +occur O +at O +the O +iron B-Chemical +atom O +first O +coordination O +sphere O +site O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +progress O +of O +the O +transamination O +was O +monitored O +spectrophotometrically O +by O +use O +of O +a O +strong O +absorbance O +of O +the O +product O +in O +alkali B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +the O +elimination O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +0 O +and O +37 O +degrees O +C O +increased O +proportionally O +with O +the O +increase O +of O +the O +phosphate B-Chemical +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +modified O +DNA O +samples O +were O +further O +treated O +with O +a O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +at O +pH O +7 O +, O +producing O +4 O +- O +semicarbazido O +- O +2 O +- O +ketopyrimidine O +residues O +in O +the O +DNA O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +also O +showed O +that O +the O +reactive O +cytosine B-Chemical +residues O +in O +the O +denatured O +DNA O +, O +constitute O +about O +80 O +% O +of O +the O +total O +cytosine B-Chemical +, O +which O +was O +consistent O +with O +the O +view O +that O +heat O +- O +denatured O +DNA O +still O +contains O +a O +considerable O +amount O +of O +secondary O +structure O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +thermostability O +and O +proteolytic O +inactivation O +of O +rat O +liver O +submitochondrial O +particle O +transhydrogenase O +was O +studied O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +pyridine O +dinucleotide O +substrates O +and O +a O +variety O +of O +divalent O +metal O +and O +nucleotide B-Chemical +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +Tryptic O +inactivation O +was O +inhibited O +by O +2 O +' O +- O +AMP O +and O +NMN O ++ O +but O +was O +not O +influenced O +by O +the O +other O +nucleotide B-Chemical +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +cases O +where O +primary O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +are O +also O +present O +in O +the O +system O +, O +we O +have O +observed O +a O +red O +shift O +of O +the O +emission O +spectra O +of O +the O +fluorescent O +adducts O +subsequent O +to O +the O +initial O +conjugation O +, O +as O +characterized O +by O +the O +disappearance O +of O +three O +emission O +peaks O +at O +376 O +, O +396 O +, O +and O +416 O +nm O +, O +and O +the O +appearance O +of O +two O +new O +peaks O +at O +386 O +and O +405 O +nm O +. O + +aps B-category +N O +- O +( O +1 O +- O +Pyrene O +) O +maleimide O +adducts O +of O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cysteine I-Chemical +and O +beta O +- O +mercaptoethanol O +, O +which O +have O +no O +free O +amino B-Chemical +group O +, O +do O +not O +exhibit O +a O +spectral O +shift O +. O + +aps B-category +N O +- O +( O +1 O +- O +Pyrene O +) O +maleimide O +reacts O +with O +the O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +group O +of O +the O +single O +cysteine B-Chemical +residue O +at O +position O +34 O +in O +BSA O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relative O +proximity O +of O +the O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +and O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +is O +very O +critical O +in O +the O +cross O +- O +linking O +as O +demonstrated O +by O +the O +observation O +that O +the O +spectral O +shift O +observed O +with O +PM O +- O +BSA O +can O +be O +prevented O +by O +addition O +of O +denaturing O +reagents O +such O +as O +1 O +% O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +immediately O +after O +labeling O +, O +and O +by O +the O +failure O +of O +PM B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutathione I-Chemical +to O +undergo O +the O +intramolecular O +aminolysis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +change O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +phosphates O +is O +related O +to O +the O +macroscopic O +phosphate B-Chemical +binding O +constants O +of O +oxy O +- O +and O +deoxyhemoglobin O +and O +used O +to O +extract O +such O +binding O +constants O +from O +oxygen B-Chemical +equilibrium O +measurements O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +binding O +of O +organic O +phosphates O +is O +incorporated O +into O +an O +allosteric O +model O +, O +in O +which O +the O +effect O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +on O +both O +tertiary O +and O +quaternary O +structure O +changes O +is O +included O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +changing O +pH O +from O +neutral O +to O +alkaline O +, O +the O +chemical O +shift O +and O +the O +intensity O +of O +signal O +were O +mostly O +affected O +in O +the O +N O +- O +3 O +resonance O +of O +riboflavin B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Dual O +divalent O +cation O +requirement O +for O +activation O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +; O +essential O +roles O +of O +both O +enzyme O +- O +and O +nucleotide B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bound I-Chemical +metal O +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +essential O +role O +of O +the O +divalent O +cation O +at O +site O +1 O +is O +shown O +by O +the O +requirement O +for O +Mg2 O ++ O +or O +Mn2 O ++ O +for O +the O +enolization O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +in O +the O +presence O +of O +the O +substitution O +inert O +Cr3 O ++ O +- O +ATP O +complex O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +dissociation O +constant O +for O +Mn2 O ++ O +from O +the O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +- O +Mn2 O ++ O +- O +ATP O +- O +Cr3 O ++ O +- B-Chemical +pyruvate I-Chemical +complex O +of O +1 O +. O +3 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +5 O +muM O +is O +determined O +by O +the O +kinetics O +of O +detritiation O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +and O +by O +parallel O +Mn2 O ++ O +binding O +studies O +using O +electron O +paramagnetic O +resonance O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +detritiation O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +is O +proportional O +to O +the O +concentration O +of O +the O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +- O +Mn2 O ++ O +- O +ATP O +- O +Mn2 O ++ O +- B-Chemical +pyruvate I-Chemical +complex O +, O +as O +determined O +by O +parellel O +kinetic O +and O +binding O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +Variation O +of O +the O +nature O +of O +the O +divalent O +cation O +at O +both O +sites O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +ATP O +causes O +a O +sevenfold O +variation O +in O +the O +rate O +of O +detritiation O +or O +pyruvate B-Chemical +that O +correlates O +with O +the O +pKa O +of O +the O +metal O +- O +bound O +water O +. O + +aps B-category +NADP O ++ O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +in O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +- O +deficient O +erythrocytes O +under O +oxidative O +stimulation O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +, O +other O +than O +to O +confirm O +that O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +deficiency O +is O +a O +product O +deficiency O +disorder O +, O +demonstrate O +that O +under O +oxidative O +stimulation O +glutathione B-Chemical +reductase O +may O +become O +functionally O +impaired O +and O +GSSG B-Chemical +cannot O +be O +reduced O +at O +a O +sufficient O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +Mechanism O +of O +formation O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +addition O +radicals O +in O +frozen O +aquenous O +solutions O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +NADPH B-Chemical +/ O +NADP O ++ O +ratios O +in O +photosynthesizing O +reconstituted O +chloroplasts O +. O + +aps B-category +Nonetheless O +these O +lower O +ratios O +are O +sufficient O +to O +maintain O +high O +rates O +of O +photosynthetic O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +fixation O +and O +reduction O +, O +which O +are O +comparable O +in O +the O +reconstituted O +chloroplasts O +to O +the O +rates O +found O +with O +whole O +chloroplasts O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +addition O +of O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +( O +6 O +mM O +) O +in O +causing O +a O +transient O +drop O +in O +the O +ratio O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +/ O +NADP O +/ O +is O +described O +and O +discussed O +in O +terms O +of O +the O +reversibility O +of O +the O +reduction O +of O +3 O +- O +phosphoglycerate O +to O +triose O +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +importance O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +/ O +NADP O ++ O +ratio O +not O +only O +to O +the O +reduction O +of O +3 O +- O +phosphoglycerate O +to O +triose O +phosphate B-Chemical +but O +also O +to O +the O +activation O +of O +the O +ribulose O +- O +1 O +, O +5 O +- O +diphosphate O +carboxylasemediated O +step O +is O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +long O +- O +term O +regulation O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthetase O +and O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +carboxylase O +and O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +sterol B-Chemical +synthesis O +was O +studied O +in O +C O +- O +6 O +glial O +cells O +in O +culture O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Thus O +many O +teleost O +fish O +have O +hemoglobins O +that O +discharge O +much O +of O +their O +oxygen B-Chemical +at O +low O +pH O +even O +at O +high O +oxygen B-Chemical +pressures O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hemoglobins O +of O +elasmobranchs O +have O +evoked O +a O +unique O +resistance O +to O +urea B-Chemical +as O +a O +consequence O +of O +the O +high O +urea B-Chemical +content O +of O +their O +blood O +. O + +aps B-category +Regulation O +of O +lysosomal O +enzyme O +release O +by O +prostaglandins B-Chemical +, O +autonomic O +neurohormones O +and O +cyclic O +nucleotides O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +new O +histamine B-Chemical +H2 O +- O +receptor O +antagonist O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +citrate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +preservative O +with O +optimal O +pH O +to O +maintain O +red O +cell O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +DPG O +( O +function O +) O +and O +ATP O +( O +viability O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +citrate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +preservative O +, O +with O +a O +pH O +between O +5 O +. O +5 O +and O +6 O +. O +0 O +, O +would O +seem O +to O +be O +optimal O +for O +maintenance O +of O +hemoglobin O +function O +and O +red O +cell O +viability O +, O +as O +determined O +by O +measurements O +of O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +DPG O +and O +ATP O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Studies O +on O +biosynthesis O +of O +short O +- O +chain O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +maximal O +incorporation O +from O +[ O +1 O +- O +14C O +] O +acetate O +into O +total O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +were O +observed O +in O +microsomes O +and O +supernatant O +fractions O +of O +mammary O +glands O +but O +the O +synthetic O +rate O +either O +in O +the O +microsomes O +alone O +or O +in O +the O +supernatant O +alone O +was O +rather O +low O +. O + +aps B-category +Long O +- O +chain O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +synthesis O +from O +[ O +1 O +- O +14C O +] O +acetate O +was O +decreased O +markedly O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +avidin O +although O +n O +- O +butyric O +acid O +formation O +was O +restored O +to O +80 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +1 O +- O +14C O +] O +propionate O +was O +incorporated O +into O +even O +- O +numbered O +chain O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +as O +well O +as O +odd O +chain O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +1 O +- O +14C O +] O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +was O +also O +incorporated O +slightly O +into O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +such O +as O +decanoic O +or O +dodecanoic O +acids O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +difference O +between O +the O +dependencies O +on O +NADH O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +in O +the O +reduction O +of O +2 O +- O +hexenyl O +CoA O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +were O +significant O +correlations O +between O +plasma O +insulin O +level O +and O +body O +weight O +and O +between O +plasma O +insulin O +level O +and O +the O +activities O +of O +malic O +enzyme O +and O +citrate B-Chemical +cleavage O +enzyme O +in O +Avy O +/ O +a O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Bactericidal O +mechanisms O +in O +rabbit O +alveolar O +macrophages O +: O +evidence O +against O +peroxidase O +and O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +bactericidal O +mechanisms O +. O + +aps B-category +Iodination O +of O +ingested O +zymosan O +particles O +, O +a O +peroxidase O +- O +dependent O +and O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +reaction O +, O +was O +not O +observed O +, O +in O +spite O +of O +vigorous O +phagocytosis O +by O +alveolar O +macrophages O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +tetrazolium O +dye O +reduction O +reflects O +the O +activity O +of O +an O +oxidase O +responsible O +for O +stimulated O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +by O +polymorphonuclear O +leukocytes O +, O +this O +reaction O +was O +also O +measured O +. O + +aps B-category +Carbenicillin O +or O +ticarcillin O +were O +incubated O +individually O +with O +each O +of O +the O +following O +antibiotics O +: O +gentamicin B-Chemical +, O +tobramycin B-Chemical +, O +sisomicin O +, O +amikacin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Amikacin B-Chemical +was O +inactivated O +the O +least O +of O +the O +aminoglycosides B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +on O +cAMP B-Chemical +content O +in O +bone O +- O +marrow O +cells O +in O +vivo O +and O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +unirradiated O +CFW O +mice O +, O +the O +bone O +- O +marrow O +cAMP B-Chemical +content O +was O +found O +to O +be O +elevated O +by O +the O +administration O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +, O +adrenaline B-Chemical +and O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +An O +increase O +in O +cAMP B-Chemical +content O +was O +also O +noted O +in O +bone O +- O +marrow O +of O +sublethally O +- O +irradiated O +mice O +, O +but O +no O +further O +increase O +was O +observed O +15 O +min O +after O +the O +administration O +of O +IPR O +. O + +aps B-category +IPR O +was O +also O +effective O +in O +increasing O +the O +cAMP B-Chemical +content O +when O +added O +to O +suspension O +of O +bone O +- O +marrow O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +IPR O +did O +not O +increase O +cAMP B-Chemical +levels O +in O +bone O +- O +marrow O +cells O +isolated O +from O +irradiated O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +response O +of O +134 O +anxious O +neurotic O +outpatients O +to O +lorazepam B-Chemical +, O +diazepam B-Chemical +, O +and O +placebo O +was O +assessed O +in O +a O +4 O +- O +week O +double O +- O +blind O +trial O +. O + +aps B-category +Sedation O +was O +significantly O +more O +disturbing O +to O +lorazepam B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +patients O +than O +to O +diazepam B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +Comparative O +aspects O +of O +glyceraldehyde B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenases O +from O +mammalian O +and O +green O +plant O +tissues O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +chloroform B-Chemical +extract O +of O +this O +solution O +is O +passed O +through O +a O +0 O +. O +1N O +NaOH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Celite I-Chemical +column O +and O +then O +through O +a O +silica O +gel O +column O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +following O +means O +and O +standard O +deviations O +( O +11 O +collaborators O +) O +were O +obtained O +for O +the O +determination O +of O +reserpine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +rescinnamine I-Chemical +group O +alkaloids O +in O +4 O +samples O +of O +Rauwolfia O +serpentina O +( O +NF O +reference O +powder O +, O +100 O +mg O +and O +50 O +mg O +commercial O +tablets O +, O +and O +a O +45 O +mg O +synthetic O +tablet O +formulation O +) O +: O +0 O +. O +174 O +% O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +0112 O +, O +0 O +. O +131 O +% O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +0047 O +, O +0 O +. O +160 O +% O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +0100 O +, O +and O +0 O +. O +153 O +% O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +0083 O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +classes O +of O +colicin O +B O +- O +resistant O +mutants O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +K O +- O +12 O +were O +examined O +for O +defects O +in O +iron B-Chemical +uptake O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +defects O +in O +iron B-Chemical +transport O +were O +reflected O +in O +increased O +sensitivity O +to O +iron B-Chemical +chelators O +and O +to O +chromium O +and O +aluminium B-Chemical +salts O +, O +and O +in O +hypersecretion O +of O +enterochelin O +. O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +requiring I-Chemical +step O +in O +the O +uptake O +of O +deoxyribonucleic O +acid O +molecules O +through O +the O +surface O +of O +competent O +pneumococci O +. O + +aps B-category +Virtually O +maximal O +levels O +of O +nuclease O +- O +resistant O +DNA O +binding O +and O +genetic O +transformation O +can O +be O +obtained O +in O +media O +free O +from O +magnesium B-Chemical +and O +containing O +only O +calcium B-Chemical +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +Magnesium B-Chemical +ions O +stimulate O +both O +the O +loss O +of O +surface O +- O +adsorbed O +DNA O +to O +the O +medium O +and O +the O +extracellular O +degradation O +of O +DNA O +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +Triton O +X O +- O +100 O +nor O +NaCl B-Chemical +alone O +could O +effectively O +release O +the O +autolysin O +( O +s O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +distributions O +of O +potassium B-Chemical +ions O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +valinomycin O +and O +the O +pH O +gradient O +across O +the O +membrane O +were O +determined O +from O +the O +changes O +in O +pK O +and O +pH O +observed O +in O +the O +external O +medium O +during O +transition O +from O +the O +energized O +respiring O +state O +to O +the O +de O +- O +engerized O +resting O +condition O +. O + +aps B-category +Proton O +movements O +coupled O +to O +lactate B-Chemical +and O +alanine B-Chemical +transport O +in O +Escherichia O +coli O +: O +isolation O +of O +mutants O +with O +altered O +stoichiometry O +in O +alanine B-Chemical +transport O +. O + +aps B-category +From O +the O +magnitude O +of O +the O +pH O +change O +and O +the O +non O +- O +electrogenic O +character O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +uptake O +, O +we O +concluded O +that O +the O +stoichiometry O +of O +the O +process O +was O +1 O +proton O +/ O +lactate B-Chemical +anion O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +cells O +were O +grown O +in O +the O +chemostat O +with O +alanine B-Chemical +as O +sole O +carbon B-Chemical +source O +and O +as O +limiting O +nutrient O +, O +this O +stoichiometry O +was O +found O +to O +alter O +to O +2 O +protons O +/ O +alanine B-Chemical +, O +and O +then O +to O +4 O +protons O +/ O +alanine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +L O +- O +threonine O +dehydrogenase O +was O +demonstrated O +in O +extracts O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +K O +- O +12 O +, O +and O +was O +shown O +to O +be O +the O +first O +enzyme O +of O +the O +pathway O +converting O +threonine O +to O +glycine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +metabolic O +significance O +of O +leucine B-Chemical +as O +a O +catabolic O +signal O +for O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +degradation O +is O +considered O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +total O +protein O +and O +hydroxyproline B-Chemical +contents O +in O +MgCl2 O +extracts O +increased O +with O +increase O +in O +the O +concentration O +of O +MgCl2 O +in O +the O +solutions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +suggest O +that O +the O +dispersion O +and O +disorder O +of O +collagen O +fibrils O +lead B-Chemical +to O +the O +release O +of O +a O +non O +- O +collagenous O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +regulatory O +properties O +of O +three O +key O +enzymes O +in O +the O +phenylalanine O +biosynthetic O +pathway O +, O +3 O +- O +deoxy O +- O +D O +- O +arabino O +- O +heptulosonate O +7 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +synthetase O +( O +DAHP O +synthetase O +) O +[ O +EC O +4 O +. O +1 O +. O +2 O +. O +15 O +] O +, O +chorismate O +mutase O +[ O +EC O +5 O +. O +4 O +. O +99 O +. O +5 O +] O +, O +and O +prephenate O +dehydratase O +[ O +prephenate O +hydro O +- O +lyase O +( O +decarboxylating O +) O +, O +EC O +4 O +. O +2 O +. O +1 O +. O +51 O +] O +were O +compared O +in O +three O +phenylalanine O +- O +excreting O +mutants O +and O +the O +wild O +strain O +of O +Brevibacterium O +flavum O +. O + +aps B-category +Chorismate O +mutase O +activities O +in O +both O +the O +wild O +and O +the O +mutant O +strains O +were O +cumulatively O +inhibited O +by O +phenylalanine O +and O +tyrosine B-Chemical +and O +recovered O +with O +tryptophan B-Chemical +, O +while O +the O +specific O +activities O +of O +the O +mutants O +increased O +1 O +. O +3 O +- O +to O +2 O +. O +8 O +- O +fold O +, O +like O +those O +of O +DAHP O +synthetase O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +prephenate O +dehydratase O +of O +the O +wild O +strain O +was O +inhibited O +by O +phenylalanine O +, O +tryptophan B-Chemical +, O +and O +several O +phenylalanine O +analogues O +, O +the O +mutant O +enzymes O +were O +not O +inhibited O +at O +all O +but O +were O +activated O +by O +these O +effectors O +. O + +aps B-category +Km O +and O +the O +activation O +constant O +for O +tyrosine B-Chemical +were O +slightly O +altered O +to O +a O +half O +and O +6 O +- O +fold O +compared O +with O +the O +wild O +- O +type O +enzyme O +, O +respectively O +, O +while O +the O +activation O +constants O +for O +phenylalanine O +and O +tryptophan B-Chemical +were O +500 O +- O +fold O +higher O +than O +the O +respective O +inhibition O +constants O +of O +the O +wild O +- O +type O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Immediately O +after O +the O +mutant O +enzyme O +had O +been O +activated O +by O +tyrosine B-Chemical +and O +then O +the O +tyrosine B-Chemical +removed O +, O +it O +still O +showed O +about O +10 O +- O +fold O +higher O +specific O +activity O +than O +before O +the O +activation O +by O +tyrosine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +They O +had O +the O +same O +optimum O +pH O +of O +5 O +. O +5 O +, O +and O +the O +same O +Km O +value O +of O +25 O +. O +0 O +mM O +for O +glucose B-Chemical +6 O +- O +sulfate O +. O + +aps B-category +DEAE O +peak O +II O +and O +peak O +III O +activities O +possessed O +properties O +corresponding O +to O +high O +molecular O +weight O +( O +6 O +- O +8 O +S O +) O +polymerase O +; O +they O +showed O +maximal O +activity O +at O +neutral O +pH O +, O +and O +were O +sensitive O +to O +SH O +- O +blocking O +reagents O +and O +salt B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +formation O +of O +the O +interchain O +disulfide O +bonds O +in O +partially O +reduced O +Bence O +Jones O +proteins O +and O +immunoglobulins O +was O +studied O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +glutathione B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +type O +kappa O +Bence O +Jones O +proteins O +, O +on O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +no O +formation O +of O +the O +inter O +L O +- O +L O +disulfide O +bond O +was O +observed O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +GSSG B-Chemical +at O +above O +pH O +6 O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +the O +kinetic O +data O +for O +the O +formation O +of O +the O +interchain O +disulfide O +bonds O +of O +IgG O +with O +those O +for O +Bence O +Jones O +proteins O +suggested O +that O +H O +chain B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +GSSG I-Chemical +mixed O +disulfide O +is O +a O +principal O +intermediate O +for O +the O +formation O +of O +the O +inter O +H O +- O +L O +disulfide O +bond O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +addition O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +ions O +markedly O +stabilized O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +room O +temperature O +, O +no O +detectable O +destruction O +of O +the O +helical O +structure O +of O +the O +enzyme O +was O +observed O +after O +incubation O +for O +1 O +hr O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +1 O +% O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecylsulfate O +, O +8 O +M O +urea B-Chemical +or O +6 O +M O +guanidine O +- O +HC1 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +contained O +one O +atom O +of O +tightly O +bound O +intrinsic O +calcium B-Chemical +per O +molecule O +which O +could O +not O +be O +removed O +by O +electrodialysis O +unless O +the O +enzyme O +was O +denatured O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +presence O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +ions O +caused O +a O +remarkable O +decrease O +in O +the O +activation O +entropy O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +oxygraphic O +method O +for O +the O +determination O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +and O +measurement O +of O +the O +slow O +oxygen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +consuming I-Chemical +reactions O +of O +hepatic O +microsomes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +sensitivity O +of O +this O +oxygraphic O +method O +for O +detection O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +was O +ten O +times O +greater O +than O +that O +of O +the O +usual O +method O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Unimmunized O +animals O +pretreated O +with O +cobra O +venom O +factor O +in O +a O +manner O +known O +to O +achieve O +complement O +depletion O +failed O +to O +respond O +with O +altered O +arterial O +oxygen B-Chemical +tensions O +following O +similar O +aerosol O +challenge O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +detectable O +histamine B-Chemical +biological O +activity O +in O +the O +supernatant O +from O +peritoneal O +washings O +obtained O +after O +10 O +min O +, O +60 O +min O +, O +and O +24 O +hr O +from O +control O +and O +pertussis O +- O +treated O +rats O +, O +indicating O +that O +pertussis O +did O +not O +cause O +degranulation O +of O +mast O +cells O +in O +vivo O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +rats O +and O +mice O +, O +propranolol B-Chemical +and O +other O +beta O +adrenergic O +- O +blocking O +agents O +caused O +degranulation O +of O +mast O +cells O +in O +the O +peritoneal O +washings O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +Isoproterenol B-Chemical +protected O +the O +mast O +cell O +against O +the O +degranulation O +induced O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Mast O +cells O +from O +control O +and O +pertussis O +- O +injected O +rats O +were O +equally O +sensitive O +to O +propranolol B-Chemical +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +Piperacetazine O +versus O +thioridazine B-Chemical +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +organic O +brain O +disease O +: O +a O +controlled O +double O +- O +blind O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +Piperacetazine O +proved O +to O +be O +at O +least O +as O +effective O +as O +thioridazine B-Chemical +and O +seemed O +to O +be O +more O +effective O +against O +certain O +target O +symptoms O +; O +side O +effects O +were O +less O +common O +and O +less O +severe O +. O + +aps B-category +lipopytica O +toward O +hydrophobic O +residues O +coupled O +to O +spacer O +gels O +that O +were O +prepared O +by O +coupling O +a O +primary O +amine B-Chemical +to O +CNBr O +- O +activated O +agarose O +, O +was O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Elimination O +diets O +are O +of O +diagnostic O +as O +well O +as O +therapeutic O +value O +: O +pencillin O +- O +free O +, O +yeast O +- O +free O +, O +and O +salicylate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +free I-Chemical +diets O +are O +particularly O +useful O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +amiloride B-Chemical +and O +some O +of O +its O +analogues O +of O +cation O +transport O +in O +isolated O +frog O +skin O +and O +thin O +lipid O +membranes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +major O +conclusions O +of O +our O +study O +are O +: O +( O +a O +) O +The O +charged O +form O +of O +amiloride B-Chemical +is O +the O +biologically O +active O +species O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +c O +) O +Amiloride B-Chemical +is O +very O +specific O +in O +its O +inhibitory O +interaction O +with O +the O +Na O ++ O +transport O +site O +since O +slight O +structural O +modifications O +can O +result O +in O +significant O +changes O +in O +drug O +effectiveness O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +d O +) O +Amiloride B-Chemical +can O +bind O +to O +and O +alter O +the O +charge O +on O +membrane O +surfaces O +, O +but O +this O +action O +cannot O +explain O +its O +highly O +specific O +effects O +in O +biological O +systems O +. O + +aps B-category +was O +grown O +in O +continuous O +culture O +under O +steady O +- O +state O +conditions O +in O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactate I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +, O +succinate O +- O +, O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +or O +ammonium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +limited I-Chemical +media O +. O + +aps B-category +Organisms O +grown O +at O +a O +given O +D O +in O +any O +of O +the O +carbon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +limited I-Chemical +media O +possessed O +very O +similar O +levels O +of O +NAD O +( O +H O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +D O +had O +no O +influence O +on O +the O +NAD O +( O +H O +) O +content O +of O +cells O +grown O +under O +ammonium B-Chemical +limitation O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactate I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +limited I-Chemical +medium O +, O +bacteria O +possessed O +0 O +. O +14 O +mumol O +NADH O +/ O +g O +dry O +wt O +; O +very O +similar O +levels O +were O +found O +in O +organisms O +grown O +in O +the O +other O +media O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +NADPH B-Chemical +: O +NADP O +( O +H O +) O +ratio O +was O +much O +higher O +than O +the O +NADH O +: O +NAD O +( O +H O +) O +ratio O +, O +averaging O +55 O +% O +in O +carbon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +limited I-Chemical +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Differences O +between O +the O +anorexic O +actions O +of O +amphetamine B-Chemical +and O +fenfluramine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +possible I-Chemical +effects O +on O +hunger O +and O +satiety O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +rats O +tested O +under O +conditions O +of O +food O +deprivation O +the O +two O +drugs O +gave O +rise O +to O +distinctive O +anorexic O +profiles O +: O +amphetamine B-Chemical +delayed O +the O +onset O +of O +eating O +whereas O +fenfluramine B-Chemical +allowed O +eating O +to O +commence O +normally O +but O +brought O +about O +an O +early O +termination O +of O +the O +initial O +bout O +of O +feeding O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +the O +contrasting O +modes O +of O +action O +of O +these O +drugs O +represent O +an O +effect O +of O +amphetamine B-Chemical +upon O +hunger O +and O +an O +action O +of O +fenfluramine B-Chemical +on O +satiety O +. O + +aps B-category +Alpha O +- O +methyl O +derivatives O +of O +biogenic O +amines B-Chemical +as O +inhibitors O +of O +monoamin O +oxidase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +mianserin B-Chemical +, O +a O +tetracyclic O +antidepressant B-Chemical +, O +on O +uptake O +and O +release O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +( O +3H O +- O +NA O +) O +, O +[ O +3H O +] O +dopamine B-Chemical +( O +3H O +- O +DA O +) O +, O +[ O +3H O +] O +- B-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +( O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +) O +and O +[ O +3H O +] O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +butyric I-Chemical +acid O +( O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +GABA I-Chemical +) O +in O +synaptosomes O +from O +different O +areas O +of O +the O +rat O +brain O +were O +investigated O +in O +a O +comparative O +study O +with O +the O +tricyclic O +antidepressant B-Chemical +imipramine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +behaviour O +was O +similar O +to O +that O +of O +( O ++ O +) O +- B-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +( O ++ O +) O +- B-Chemical +Amphetamine I-Chemical +, O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +strongly O +affected O +both O +3H O +- O +DA O +uptake O +and O +release O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +mianserin B-Chemical +stimulated O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +release O +whereas O +imipramine B-Chemical +was O +ineffective O +. O + +aps B-category +Imipramine B-Chemical +was O +a O +modest O +inhibitor O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +GABA I-Chemical +accumulation O +by O +whole O +brain O +synaptosomes O +; O +mianserin B-Chemical +had O +no O +effect O +. 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O +p O +) O +caused O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +urine O +pH O +( O +6 O +. O +38 O +) O +and O +a O +further O +decrease O +in O +blood O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +( O +11 O +. O +0 O +mEq O +/ O +liter O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +administration O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +combination O +of O +an O +increase O +in O +urine O +PCO2 O +in O +alkaline O +urine O +indicates O +that O +lithium B-Chemical +produced O +a O +defect O +in O +distal O +nephron O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +secretion O +. O + +aps B-category +Structural O +correlation O +between O +apomorphine B-Chemical +and O +LSD O +: O +involvement O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +as O +well O +as O +serotonin B-Chemical +in O +the O +actions O +of O +hallucinogens O +. O + +aps B-category +Helix O +- O +coil O +transition O +of O +poly O +( O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +) O +in O +aqueous O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +extensional O +growth O +rate O +of O +wild O +- O +type O +74A8 O +N O +. O +crassa O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +various O +concentrations O +of O +19 O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +analogs O +was O +measured O +. O + +aps B-category +Culture O +with O +either O +4 O +- O +fluorophenylalanine O +or O +ethionine O +led O +to O +an O +increase O +of O +the O +activities O +of O +antioxygenic O +enzymes O +glutathione B-Chemical +peroxidase O +, O +glutathione B-Chemical +reductase O +and O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +The O +effect O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +containing I-Chemical +antacids O +on O +actual O +stomach O +acidity O +and O +gastrin O +secretion O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Binding O +of O +silver B-Chemical +ions O +by O +the O +cells O +of O +Candida O +utilis O +involves O +their O +adsorption O +on O +the O +cell O +surface O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +sensitivity O +of O +protoplasts O +to O +the O +toxic O +action O +of O +silver B-Chemical +ions O +is O +much O +higher O +than O +that O +of O +intact O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Detection O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +decarboxylases O +in O +bacteria O +of O +the O +genus O +Erwinia O +by O +a O +pH O +- O +sensitive O +method O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +The O +mechanism O +of O +action O +of O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +The O +fluorescence O +of O +pepsin O +conjugates O +with O +DNS B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +prevent O +repolymerization O +of O +fibrin O +monomer O +at O +pH O +6 O +. O +5 O +, O +urea B-Chemical +was O +added O +in O +a O +non O +- O +denaturing O +concentration O +of O +1 O +. O +7 O +M O +. O +In O +the O +acid O +region O +specified O +, O +the O +immediate O +environment O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +and O +tryptophan B-Chemical +residues O +was O +found O +to O +be O +more O +polar O +and O +the O +accessibility O +to O +perturbants O +higher O +than O +at O +pH O +6 O +. O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +Circular O +dichroism O +spectra O +of O +11 O +analogues O +of O +the O +dinucleoside O +phosphate B-Chemical +containing O +achiral O +3 O +' O +- O +terminal O +monomers O +have O +been O +measured O +at O +several O +pH O +values O +, O +various O +temperatures O +and O +various O +concentrations O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +. 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O +5 O +mumol O +/ O +kg O +, O +a O +dose O +which O +blocks O +the O +release O +of O +ACTH B-Chemical +from O +the O +pituitary O +gland O +) O +abolished O +the O +reserpine B-Chemical +mediated O +increase O +in O +cAMP B-Chemical +and O +the O +increase O +in O +the O +cAMP B-Chemical +/ O +cGMP B-Chemical +ratio O +in O +the O +adrenal O +medulla O +. O + +aps B-category +Hypophysectomy O +had O +a O +similar O +effect O +to O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Leukocyte O +function O +and O +characterization O +of O +leukocyte O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +in O +Sicilian O +mutants O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Michaelis O +constant O +for O +NADP O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +( O +G6P O +) O +was O +lower O +than O +the O +control O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +authors O +have O +studied O +the O +corneal O +and O +lens O +lesions O +which O +appeared O +following O +a O +prolonged O +treatment O +by O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +seems O +that O +all O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +can O +be O +held O +responsible O +for O +the O +apparition O +of O +these O +lesions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +total O +quantity O +of O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +which O +are O +absorbed O +seems O +to O +be O +a O +good O +measure O +of O +the O +risk O +of O +ocular O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +mathematical O +model O +which O +describes O +the O +effect O +of O +pH O +and O +dissolved O +oxygen B-Chemical +on O +growth O +and O +activity O +of O +Nitrosomonas O +and O +Nitrobacter O +in O +mixed O +culture O +is O +presented O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Nitric B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +production O +in O +rice O +soils O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +kinetic O +study O +of O +pig O +liver O +glucose B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Interaction O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +with O +some O +cerebral O +neurotransmitters O +in O +the O +mouse O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hypotensive O +actions O +of O +dl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propranolol I-Chemical +and O +a O +new O +beta O +- O +blocking O +agent O +, O +dl O +- O +tert O +- O +butylamino O +- O +3 O +- O +( O +2 O +' O +, O +3 O +' O +- O +dimethylphenoxy O +) O +- O +2 O +- O +propanol O +hydrochloride O +( O +D O +- O +32 O +) O +were O +studied O +in O +conscious O +normotensive O +and O +renal O +hypertensive O +dogs O +, O +using O +a O +cross O +- O +over O +design O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +a O +food O +- O +reinforced O +two O +- O +lever O +operant O +procedure O +, O +rats O +( O +n O += O +6 O +) O +were O +trained O +to O +discriminate O +fentanyl B-Chemical +( O +1 O +. 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O +wt O +20500 O +in O +parallel O +with O +the O +loss O +of O +transhydrogenase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +regulation O +of O +rat O +liver O +tryptophan B-Chemical +pyrrolase O +activity O +by O +reduced O +nicotinamide O +- O +adenine O +dinucleotide O +( O +phosphate B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Chronic O +administration O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +or O +nicotinamide O +in O +drinking O +water O +inhibits O +the O +activity O +of O +rat O +liver O +tryptophan B-Chemical +pyrrolase O +, O +and O +subsequent O +withdrawal O +causes O +an O +enhancement O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibition O +by O +glucose B-Chemical +or O +nictinamide O +is O +not O +due O +to O +a O +defective O +apoenzyme O +synthesis O +nor O +a O +decreased O +cofactor O +availability O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +by O +glucose B-Chemical +is O +also O +reversed O +by O +the O +above O +agents O +and O +by O +NH4Cl O +. O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +or O +nicotinamide O +increases O +liver O +[ O +NADPH B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Phenazine O +methosulphate O +prevents O +the O +increase O +in O +[ O +NADPH B-Chemical +] O +caused O +by O +both O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +nicotinamide O +. O + +aps B-category +Participation O +of O +superoxide B-Chemical +anions O +at O +the O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +phase O +of O +carrageenan B-Chemical +foot O +- O +oedema O +. O + +aps B-category +p O +- O +Chlorophenylalanine O +- O +induced O +enhancement O +of O +the O +effects O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +on O +the O +adrenal O +medulla O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxydopamine I-Chemical +on O +dopa O +and O +tyrosine B-Chemical +entry O +into O +brain O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Chronic O +treatment O +of O +rats O +with O +morphine B-Chemical +reverses O +these O +acute O +effects O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +induces O +symptoms O +of O +an O +increased O +dopaminergic O +neurotransmission O +in O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +on O +striatal O +dopamine B-Chemical +metabolism O +seem O +to O +be O +a O +model O +well O +suited O +to O +study O +opioid O +- O +specific O +effects O +on O +a O +cellular O +level O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +crude O +extracts O +of O +heart O +acetone O +powder O +were O +applied O +to O +columsn O +, O +about O +40 O +% O +of O +total O +lipase O +activity O +was O +bound O +to O +the O +gel O +and O +then O +eluted O +with O +1 O +. O +5 O +M O +NaCl B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activity O +of O +the O +purified O +enzyme O +( O +i O +) O +had O +a O +pH O +optimum O +between O +7 O +. O +8 O +and O +8 O +. O +0 O +; O +( O +ii O +) O +required O +serum O +for O +full O +enzymatic O +activity O +; O +apoC O +- O +II O +could O +be O +substituted O +for O +serum O +; O +( O +iii O +) O +was O +inhibited O +by O +by O +apoC O +- O +I O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +activated O +substrate O +; O +( O +iv O +) O +was O +markedly O +inhibited O +by O +NaCl B-Chemical +; O +and O +( O +v O +) O +was O +stimulated O +by O +heparin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +atropine B-Chemical +, O +nor O +the O +serotonin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +depleting I-Chemical +agent O +, O +rho O +- O +chlorophenylalanine O +, O +nor O +the O +serotonin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +antagonist I-Chemical +cyproheptadine B-Chemical +, O +were O +observed O +to O +alter O +serum O +cholesterol B-Chemical +level O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +some O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +derivatives O +on O +Triton O +WR O +- O +1339 O +- O +Induced O +hyperlipidaemia O +in O +rats O +. 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O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +a O +dose O +- O +related O +increase O +in O +minor O +respiratory O +upset O +with O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +in O +unpremedicated O +patients O +and O +a O +high O +frequency O +of O +arterial O +hypotension O +following O +large O +doses O +given O +to O +patients O +who O +had O +received O +opiate O +premedication O +. O + +aps B-category +Flunitrazepam B-Chemical +was O +not O +a O +very O +satisfactory O +drug O +for O +the O +induction O +of O +anaesthesia O +, O +and O +recovery O +was O +too O +prolonged O +for O +routine O +use O +. O + +aps B-category +Salmefamol O +and O +Salbutamol B-Chemical +in O +exercise O +- O +induced O +asthma O +in O +children O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +to O +8alpha O +- O +( O +N3 O +- O +histidyl O +) O +riboflavin B-Chemical +, O +8alpha O +- O +( O +N1 O +- O +histidyl O +) O +riboflavin B-Chemical +is O +also O +formed O +during O +the O +reaction O +of O +Nalpha O +- O +blocked O +histidine O +with O +8alpha O +- O +bromotetraacetylriboflavin O +in O +a O +yield O +of O +20 O +- O +25 O +% O +of O +the O +total O +histidylflavin O +fraction O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +flavin O +product O +from O +reductive O +Zn O +cleavage O +of O +either O +isomer O +has O +been O +identified O +as O +riboflavin B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +This O +leads O +to O +a O +model O +involving O +intramolecular O +protonation O +of O +the O +Schiff O +base O +nitrogen B-Chemical +in O +the O +retinal O +- O +opsin O +linkage O +of O +rhodopsin O +, O +which O +is O +consistent O +with O +the O +thermodynamic O +and O +spectroscopic O +properties O +of O +the O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +acid O +conditions O +and O +urea B-Chemical +and O +guanidine O +solutions O +may O +denature O +. O + +aps B-category +Alkaline O +hydrolysis O +of O +yeast O +tRNA O +releases O +this O +nucleoside B-Chemical +as O +part O +of O +an O +alkali B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stable I-Chemical +dinucleotide O +, O +cm5Um O +- O +Ap O +, O +from O +which O +sufficient O +cm5Um O +was O +prepared O +in O +the O +present O +investigation O +for O +a O +detailed O +examination O +of O +its O +properties O +. O + +aps B-category +Identification O +of O +the O +alkali B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +labile I-Chemical +blocking O +group O +in O +pU O +- O +2 O +as O +an O +amide O +was O +based O +on O +quantitative O +assay O +for O +ammonia B-Chemical +released O +upon O +acid O +hydrolysis O +of O +the O +corresponding O +nucleoside B-Chemical +, O +U O +- O +2 O +, O +and O +by O +chromatographic O +comparison O +of O +U O +- O +2 O +with O +the O +semisynthetic O +methyl O +ester O +and O +amide O +derivatives O +of O +cm5Um O +( O +mcm5Um O +and O +ncm5Um O +, O +respectively O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Vinylglycine O +and O +proparglyglycine O +: O +complementary O +suicide O +substrates O +for O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +and O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +. O + +aps B-category +Vinylglycine O +is O +rapidly O +oxidized O +by O +both O +enzymes O +but O +only O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +is O +inactivated O +under O +assay O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +L O +- O +Proparglyclycine O +is O +a O +substrate O +but O +not O +an O +inactivator O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +and O +the O +product O +ahat O +accumulats O +in O +the O +nonnucleophilic O +N O +- O +2 O +- O +hydroxyethylpiperazine O +- O +N O +' O +- O +2 O +- O +ethanesulfonic O +acid O +buffer O +is O +acetopyruvate O +. O + +aps B-category +Vinylglycine O +and O +proparglyglycine O +show O +inactivation O +specificity O +, O +then O +, O +for O +L O +- O +and O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +, O +respectively O +. 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O + +aps B-category +To O +assess O +the O +role O +of O +these O +residues O +in O +this O +phase O +, O +a O +series O +of O +UDP O +- O +MurNAc O +- O +peptides O +were O +biosynthesized O +with O +residues O +4 O +and O +5 O +replaced O +singly O +by O +either O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +n I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +butyric I-Chemical +acid O +, O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +norvaline I-Chemical +, O +or O +D O +- O +valine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +synthesis O +of O +penicillin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +peptidoglycan O +is O +catalyzed O +by O +membrane O +- O +walls O +isolated O +from O +Gaffkya O +homari O +and O +would O +appear O +to O +require O +the O +concerted O +action O +of O +transglycosylase O +and O +transpeptidase O +. 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O + +aps B-category +When O +tumor O +- O +bearing O +rats O +were O +treated O +with O +polyinosinate O +: O +polycytidylate O +, O +an O +antitumor O +agent O +, O +the O +tumor O +nucleolar O +rRNA O +methylases O +became O +unresponsive O +to O +inhibition O +by O +ApA O +and O +more O +responsive O +to O +stimulation O +by O +adenosine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +triphosphate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +monophoton O +counting O +technique O +was O +used O +to O +obtain O +the O +fluorescence O +decay O +kinetics O +of O +NADH O +( O +dihydronicotinamide O +adenine O +dinucleotide O +) O +bound O +to O +LADH O +( O +HORSE O +LIVER O +ALCOHOL B-Chemical +DEHYDROGENAS O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +This O +conclusion O +was O +further O +substantiated O +by O +observed O +changes O +in O +steady O +- O +state O +Ca2 O ++ O +and O +Mn2 O ++ O +distributions O +induced O +by O +La3 O ++ O +and O +ruthenium B-Chemical +red O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +former O +is O +more O +sensitive O +to O +La3 O ++ O +and O +ruthenium B-Chemical +red O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Only O +small O +differences O +were O +found O +between O +the O +perturbation O +spectra O +of O +apo O +- O +and O +heme O +- O +hemopexin O +near O +290 O +nm O +, O +suggesting O +that O +slight O +or O +compensating O +changes O +in O +the O +exposure O +to O +solvent O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +chromophores O +occur O +. O + +aps B-category +Modification O +of O +approximately O +, O +4 O +tryptophan B-Chemical +residues O +with O +N O +- O +bromosuccinimide O +also O +decreased O +the O +relative O +fluorescence O +of O +apo O +- O +hemopexin O +by O +50 O +% O +and O +concomitantly O +reduced O +the O +heme O +- O +binding O +ability O +of O +the O +protein O +by O +70 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +temperature O +on O +tryptophan B-Chemical +fluorescence O +of O +beta O +- O +lactoglobulin O +B O +. O + +aps B-category +Conformational O +changes O +appear O +to O +be O +reversible O +if O +the O +protein O +is O +cooled O +to O +20 O +degrees O +C O +after O +heat O +treatments O +up O +to O +70 O +degrees O +C O +. O +Above O +70 O +degrees O +C O +the O +second O +tryptophan B-Chemical +residue O +becomes O +exposed O +to O +solvent O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +kinetics O +of O +the O +hydrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deuterium I-Chemical +exchange O +reaction O +in O +a O +subtilisin O +inhibitor O +from O +Streptomyces O +albogriseolus O +has O +been O +examined O +by O +infrared O +absorption O +measurement O +in O +aqueous O +solutions O +at O +various O +pH O +values O +and O +temperatures O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +basis O +of O +the O +temperature O +effect O +on O +the O +hydrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +exchange I-Chemical +rate O +constants O +and O +on O +the O +basis O +of O +ultraviolet O +absorption O +study O +in O +the O +higher O +temperature O +region O +( O +40 O +to O +90 O +degrees O +C O +) O +, O +a O +discussion O +has O +been O +made O +on O +the O +nature O +of O +the O +fluctuation O +of O +the O +molecular O +structure O +of O +this O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +the O +aid O +of O +the O +3 O +' O +- O +O O +- O +methyl O +derivatives O +of O +araA O +and O +araC O +, O +where O +only O +the O +2 O +' O +- O +OH O +ionizes O +, O +and O +the O +accompanying O +conformational O +changes O +are O +similar O +, O +it O +follows O +that O +the O +conformation O +C O +( O +2 O +' O +) O +endo O +and O +gauche O +- O +gauche O +for O +all O +the O +foregoing O +is O +constrained O +to O +this O +form O +via O +a O +strong O +intramolecular O +hydrogen B-Chemical +bond O +, O +viz O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +similar O +effect O +of O +the O +doubly O +ionized O +phosphate B-Chemical +group O +on O +H O +( O +8 O +) O +in O +5 O +' O +- O +araAMP O +shows O +the O +nucleotide B-Chemical +to O +also O +prefer O +the O +form O +anti O +, O +as O +previously O +demonstrated O +for O +5 O +' O +- O +AMP O +. O + +aps B-category +PMR O +spectroscopy O +is O +shown O +to O +be O +an O +effective O +method O +for O +following O +sugar O +hydroxyl B-Chemical +dissociation O +. O + +aps B-category +Regulation O +of O +nitrogen B-Chemical +fixation O +by O +Rhizobia O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +instance O +, O +NH O ++ O +4 O +was O +found O +to O +repress O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +whereas O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +repressed O +glutamate B-Chemical +synthase O +. O + +aps B-category +Acta O +408 O +, O +101 O +- O +- O +111 O +) O +is O +repressed O +by O +a O +mixture O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +the O +various O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamine I-Chemical +in O +combination O +with O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +was O +found O +to O +repress O +nitrogenase O +biosynthesis O +completely O +. O + +aps B-category +Under O +these O +conditions O +, O +increased O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +activity O +was O +also O +detected O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +suggest O +that O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +play O +an O +important O +role O +as O +regulators O +of O +nitrogen B-Chemical +fixation O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +1 O +) O +An O +unusual O +accumulation O +of O +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adenosyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methionine I-Chemical +in O +Chromatium O +D O +was O +associated O +with O +a O +marked O +growth O +inhibition O +by O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methionine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +( O +2 O +) O +L O +- O +Isoleucine O +, O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical +, O +L O +- O +phyenylalanine O +and O +L O +- O +valine O +( O +Type O +I O +) O +inhibited O +the O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methionine I-Chemical +uptake O +and O +consequently O +prevented O +the O +bacterium O +from O +the O +unusual O +accumulation O +of O +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adenosyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methionine I-Chemical +even O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methionine I-Chemical +in O +the O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +Hence O +, O +the O +effect O +of O +putrescine O +would O +be O +explained O +by O +the O +action O +to O +diminish O +the O +intracellular O +level O +of O +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adenosyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methionine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +( O +3 O +) O +The O +specific O +activity O +of O +homoserine O +kinase O +( O +EC O +2 O +. O +7 O +. O +1 O +. O +39 O +) O +was O +greatly O +lowered O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methionine I-Chemical +under O +conditions O +in O +which O +Chromatium O +D O +unusually O +accumulates O +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adenoxyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methionine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +facts O +strongly O +suggest O +that O +the O +growth O +inhibition O +by O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methionine I-Chemical +is O +associated O +with O +the O +L O +- O +threonine O +deficiency O +caused O +by O +the O +unusual O +accumulation O +of O +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adenosyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methionine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +potassium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +studies O +demonstrate O +that O +raising O +the O +medium O +concentration O +of O +K O ++ O +from O +1 O +to O +50 O +mM O +leads O +to O +a O +6 O +- O +fold O +increase O +in O +rate O +of O +1 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +25 I-Chemical +( I-Chemical +OH I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +2D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +synthesis O +by O +isolated O +chick O +mitochondria O +; O +that O +the O +magnitnitude O +of O +this O +K O ++ O +- O +dependent O +stimulation O +is O +enhaced O +by O +optimal O +concentrations O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +( O +pCa O += O +5 O +) O +and O +phosphate B-Chemical +( O +pPi O += O +3 O +) O +( O +3 O +mM O +) O +but O +not O +by O +pH O +( O +from O +6 O +. O +8 O +to O +7 O +. O +4 O +) O +; O +that O +the O +effect O +is O +not O +produced O +by O +similar O +changes O +in O +media O +Na O ++ O +concentration O +; O +and O +that O +the O +stimulatory O +effect O +of O +K O ++ O +is O +not O +blocked O +by O +ruthenium B-Chemical +red O +, O +and O +inhibitor O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +transport O +and O +of O +the O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +stimulation O +of O +mitochondrial O +1 O +, O +25 O +( O +OH O +) O +2D O +- O +3 O +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Insulin O +and O +glucagon O +degradation O +by O +rat O +kidney O +homogenates O +and O +subcellular O +fractions O +was O +examined O +under O +a O +variety O +of O +conditions O +including O +high O +and O +low O +substrate O +concentrations O +, O +at O +pH O +4 O +and O +pH O +7 O +, O +with O +and O +without O +glutathione B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +By O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +purified O +acid O +- O +thermostable O +RNAases O +from O +human O +spleen O +and O +liver O +hydrlyze O +double O +- O +stranded O +RNA O +at O +least O +20 O +- O +fold O +more O +slowly O +than O +human O +pancreatic O +RNAase O +, O +relative O +to O +the O +corresponding O +rates O +against O +single O +- O +stranded O +RNA O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +classical O +Kornberger O +- O +Pricer O +procedure O +for O +purification O +of O +potato O +nucleotide B-Chemical +pyrophosphatase O +( O +EC O +3 O +. O +6 O +. O +1 O +. O +9 O +) O +has O +been O +modified O +to O +yield O +a O +preparation O +purified O +2500 O +- O +fold O +. O + +aps B-category +Activities O +against O +aryl O +esters O +of O +nucleoside B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +' O +- O +and O +5 O +' O +- O +phosphates O +, O +and O +NAD O +, O +were O +shown O +to O +be O +due O +to O +the O +same O +protein O +by O +three O +criteria O +: O +( O +a O +) O +constant O +ratio O +of O +activities O +during O +purification O +and O +gel O +electrophoresis O +, O +( O +b O +) O +identical O +chromatographic O +properties O +in O +various O +systems O +, O +and O +( O +c O +) O +similarities O +in O +pH O +- O +dependence O +, O +heat O +inactivation O +, O +and O +the O +effects O +of O +cations O +and O +other O +substances O +. O + +aps B-category +Characterization O +of O +the O +urea B-Chemical +cleavage O +reactions O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +reaction O +of O +Dns B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluoride I-Chemical +with O +alpha O +- O +chymotrypsin O +, O +subtilisin O +Carlsberg O +and O +trypsin O +was O +found O +to O +be O +highly O +specific O +, O +resulting O +in O +a O +stoichiometric O +incorporation O +of O +the O +Dns O +label O +with O +concomitant O +loss O +of O +enzymatic O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +was O +obtained O +to O +indicate O +that O +reaction O +of O +the O +serine O +esterases O +with O +Dns B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluoride I-Chemical +occurs O +exclusively O +at O +the O +active O +serine O +residue O +. O + +aps B-category +Hemoglobin O +Athens O +- O +Georgia O +, O +or O +alpha O +2 O +beta O +2 O +40 O +( O +C6 O +) O +Arg O +replaced O +by O +Lys O +, O +a O +hemoglobin O +variant O +with O +an O +increased O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +. O + +aps B-category +Hemoglobin O +Athens O +- O +Georgia O +has O +an O +increased O +affinity O +for O +oxygen B-Chemical +, O +a O +normal O +heme O +- O +heme O +interaction O +and O +a O +normal O +Bohr O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +trichloroacetate O +which O +has O +been O +reported O +previously O +to O +be O +an O +effective O +denaturation O +reagent O +for O +proteins O +was O +applied O +to O +poly O +( O +L O +- O +lysine O +) O +and O +poly O +( O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +) O +to O +see O +its O +effects O +on O +a O +coil O +- O +to O +- O +helix O +transition O +and O +on O +the O +chemical O +reactivities O +of O +the O +xi B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +group O +of O +poly O +( O +L O +- O +lysine O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +little O +effect O +was O +observed O +on O +the O +coil O +- O +to O +- O +helix O +transition O +of O +poly O +( O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +trichloroacetate O +inhibited O +the O +reaction O +of O +the O +xi B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +group O +with O +this O +reagent O +, O +while O +sodium B-Chemical +trichloroacetate O +enhanced O +slightly O +the O +reaction O +of O +the O +xi B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +group O +of O +poly O +( O +L O +- O +lysine O +) O +with O +diazonium O +- O +1 O +- O +H O +- O +tetrazole O +carrying O +a O +positive O +charge O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +lysyl O +oxidase O +which O +catalyses O +the O +aldehyde B-Chemical +formation O +in O +certain O +lysyl O +residues O +of O +collagen O +and O +elastin O +was O +extracted O +from O +the O +skin O +of O +hypophysectomized O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +decrease O +in O +absorption O +at O +610 O +nm O +is O +ascribed O +to O +the O +disruption O +of O +one O +type O +I O +Cu O +- O +S O +( O +cysteine B-Chemical +) O +bond O +owing O +presumably O +to O +the O +changes O +induced O +by O +anions O +in O +the O +protein O +secondary O +structure O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +30 O +000 O +dalton O +fraction O +( O +B O +) O +was O +purified O +72 O +- O +fold O +by O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +precipitation O +, O +gel O +filtration O +and O +preparative O +disc O +gel O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +Analytical O +disc O +gel O +electrophoresis O +showed O +one O +protein O +band O +with O +high O +anodal O +mobility O +at O +pH O +8 O +. O +5 O +, O +which O +was O +not O +affected O +by O +proteolytic O +enzymes O +but O +was O +removed O +by O +phenol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Amino O +acid O +analysis O +showed O +a O +preponderance O +of O +aspartic O +and O +glutamic O +acids O +and O +relatively O +large O +amounts O +of O +glycine B-Chemical +, O +proline O +, O +alanine B-Chemical +, O +valine O +and O +cysteine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +peptides O +containing O +tyrosine B-Chemical +were O +converted O +to O +the O +3 O +- O +aminotyrosyl O +peptides O +by O +nitration O +with O +tetranitromethane O +and O +subseuqent O +reduction O +of O +the O +nitro O +groups O +to O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +19F O +nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +spectroscopy O +has O +been O +used O +to O +study O +the O +effects O +of O +salts O +and O +denaturants O +on O +the O +structure O +and O +aggregation O +properties O +of O +several O +trifluoroacetyl B-Chemical +derivatives O +of O +insulin O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +absence O +of O +perturbants O +the O +trifluoroacetyl B-Chemical +group O +on O +glycine B-Chemical +A O +- O +1 O +showed O +considerably O +more O +motional O +freedom O +than O +on O +phenylalanine O +B O +- O +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +suggested O +differential O +alterations O +in O +the O +environments O +of O +the O +probes O +located O +at O +glycine B-Chemical +A O +- O +1 O +, O +phenylalanine O +B O +- O +1 O +, O +and O +lysine O +B O +- O +29 O +in O +the O +insulin O +molecule O +as O +the O +concentration O +of O +perturbant O +was O +increased O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +activities O +were O +competitively O +inhibited O +by O +ADP O +and O +inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Cholinephosphate O +cytidylyltransferase O +( O +CTP O +: O +cholinephosphate O +cytidylyltransferase O +, O +EC O +2 O +. O +7 O +. O +7 O +. O +15 O +) O +is O +located O +in O +both O +the O +microsomal O +and O +supernatant O +fractions O +of O +adult O +lung O +when O +the O +tissue O +is O +homogenized O +in O +0 O +. O +145 O +M O +NaCl B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +portacaval O +anastomosis O +on O +the O +activities O +of O +hepatic O +enzymes O +related O +to O +cholesterol B-Chemical +and O +bile B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Portacaval O +anastomosis O +led O +to O +a O +fall O +in O +body O +weight O +and O +liver O +weight O +/ O +body O +weight O +ratio O +, O +and O +to O +a O +rise O +in O +the O +activities O +of O +hydroxymethylglutaryl O +- O +CoA O +reductase O +and O +cholesterol B-Chemical +7alpha O +- O +hydroxylase O +per O +g O +of O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +Transplantable O +mouse O +melanomas O +possess O +a O +melanotropin O +- O +sensitive O +adenylate O +cyclase O +system O +which O +is O +responsive O +to O +alpha O +- O +melanotropin O +, O +beta O +- O +melanotropin O +, O +adrenocorticotropin O +( O +ACTH B-Chemical +) O +and O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E1 I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +significance O +of O +the O +sensitivity O +to O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E1 I-Chemical +is O +obscure O +at O +present O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +" O +soluble O +" O +fraction O +was O +not O +responsive O +to O +melanotropin O +, O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E1 I-Chemical +and O +NaF O +and O +might O +be O +a O +degradative O +product O +produced O +by O +the O +fractionation O +. O + +aps B-category +DL B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Propranolol I-Chemical +, O +a O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blocking O +agent O +with O +non O +- O +specific O +membrane O +effects O +, O +partially O +inhibited O +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +diethoxycarbonyl O +- O +1 O +, O +4 O +- O +dihydrocollidine O +- O +induced O +delta O +- O +aminolevulinate O +synthetase O +activity O +both O +in O +rats O +and O +in O +chick O +embryo O +liver O +cells O +in O +culture O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Intraperitoneal O +administration O +to O +rats O +of O +D O +- O +or O +DL O +- O +alpha O +- O +hydrazinoimidazolylpropionic O +acid O +was O +found O +to O +produce O +a O +substantial O +inactivation O +of O +hepatic O +histidine O +ammonia B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lyase I-Chemical +( O +EC O +4 O +. O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +3 O +) O +in O +vivo O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +L O +- O +histidine O +clearance O +following O +loading O +with O +this O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +was O +similarly O +affected O +by O +these O +treatments O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +demonstrate O +that O +histidine O +ammonia B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lyase I-Chemical +is O +the O +rate O +- O +limiting O +factor O +in O +L O +- O +histidine O +degradation O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Dansyl O +chloride B-Chemical +, O +at O +low O +molar O +ratio O +, O +inactivates O +ferredoxin O +- O +NADP O +reductase O +( O +NADPH B-Chemical +: O +ferredoxin O +oxidoreductase O +, O +EC O +1 O +. O +6 O +. O +7 O +. O +1 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Experiments O +with O +[ O +Me O +- O +14C O +] O +dansyl O +chloride B-Chemical +showed O +that O +about O +1 O +. O +5 O +residues O +per O +flavin O +were O +dansylated O +: O +by O +differential O +labelling O +experiments O +using O +NADP O +, O +it O +has O +been O +proved O +that O +enzyme O +inactivation O +is O +due O +to O +dansylation O +of O +one O +residue O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +the O +loss O +of O +catalytic O +activity O +which O +parallels O +the O +dansylation O +of O +a O +lysyl O +residue O +occurs O +because O +this O +residue O +is O +essential O +for O +the O +binding O +of O +the O +pyridine O +nucleotide B-Chemical +substrate O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +is O +testitified O +by O +the O +competitive O +character O +of O +inhibition O +of O +beta O +- O +glucosidase O +component O +B O +by O +compounds O +I O +- O +VI O +at O +the O +early O +period O +and O +by O +the O +protection O +of O +the O +enzyme O +from O +inactivation O +by O +its O +competitive O +inhibitors O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +and O +1 O +, O +5 O +- O +D O +- O +gluconolactone O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzymes O +were O +essentially O +of O +the O +same O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +and O +immunologically O +cross O +- O +reacted O +with O +each O +other O +. O + +aps B-category +Steady O +- O +state O +studies O +of O +the O +actin O +- O +activated O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphatase O +activity O +of O +myosin O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +reported O +earlier O +, O +under O +ordinary O +assay O +conditions O +( O +1 O +. O +0 O +mM O +ATP O +, O +5 O +mM O +Mg2 O ++ O +, O +30 O +degrees O +C O +, O +10 O +min O +incubation O +) O +the O +enzyme O +was O +activated O +6 O +- O +fold O +by O +epinephrine B-Chemical +in O +the O +presence O +of O +the O +GTP O +analog O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +guanylyl O +- O +imidodiphosphate O +[ O +GMP O +- O +P O +( O +NH O +) O +P O +] O +( O +Cooper O +, O +B O +. O +et O +al O +. O + +aps B-category +Augmentation O +of O +epinephrine B-Chemical +effect O +by O +GMP O +- O +P O +( O +NH O +) O +P O +, O +which O +also O +proceeded O +after O +a O +brief O +( O +2 O +min O +) O +lag O +period O +, O +was O +noted O +over O +a O +wide O +range O +of O +substrate O +( O +ATP O +) O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +Occasionally O +a O +slight O +stimulatory O +effect O +on O +epinephrine B-Chemical +action O +was O +seen O +with O +GTP O +. O + +aps B-category +Human O +fat O +cell O +adenylate O +cyclase O +of O +adults O +was O +insensitive O +to O +ACTH B-Chemical +and O +glucagon O +even O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +GMP O +- O +P O +( O +NH O +) O +P O +. O + +aps B-category +Human O +erythrocyte O +glutathione B-Chemical +reductase O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +concluded O +from O +the O +results O +of O +purification O +, O +electrofocusing O +and O +inhibition O +studies O +that O +glutathione B-Chemical +reductase O +is O +a O +single O +enzyme O +which O +used O +both O +NADPH B-Chemical +and O +NADH O +as O +hydrogen B-Chemical +donors O +. O + +aps B-category +Dimerization O +of O +the O +enzyme O +occurs O +if O +the O +single O +thiol B-Chemical +group O +is O +not O +masked O +before O +the O +tetranitromethane O +treatment O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Structural O +modifications O +of O +the O +scorpion O +haemocyanin O +induced O +by O +pH O +variations O +and O +salt B-Chemical +addition O +are O +studied O +by O +U O +. O +V O +. O + +aps B-category +Deoxygenation O +or O +denaturation O +lead B-Chemical +to O +a O +fourfold O +enhancement O +of O +its O +intensity O +. O + +aps B-category +But O +pH O +variations O +and O +salt B-Chemical +addition O +don O +' O +t O +change O +the O +haemocyanin O +secondary O +structure O +as O +shown O +by O +circular O +dichroism O +. O + +aps B-category +Near O +- O +term O +rat O +fetuses O +in O +utero O +are O +acidotic O +and O +hypoxic O +, O +and O +have O +high O +levels O +of O +total O +serum O +calcium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Between O +1 O +and O +4 O +h O +following O +birth O +, O +respiratory O +gases O +vary O +little O +, O +whereas O +pH O +continues O +to O +rise O +and O +calcium B-Chemical +further O +declines O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +later O +decline O +in O +circulating O +calcium B-Chemical +is O +independent O +of O +alterations O +in O +respiratory O +gases O +and O +relates O +directly O +to O +the O +final O +correction O +of O +neonatal O +acidosis O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +observations O +with O +indirect O +techniques O +in O +the O +same O +species O +, O +direct O +measurement O +of O +the O +incorporation O +of O +isotopic O +precursors O +( O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +choline I-Chemical +and O +14C O +- O +ethanolamine O +) O +into O +lecithin O +indicated O +that O +pathway O +I O +predominates O +by O +100 O +- O +fold O +over O +PE O +methylation O +in O +pulmonary O +lecithin O +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +the O +choline B-Chemical +pathway O +is O +the O +major O +mechanism O +of O +lung O +lecithin O +synthesis O +in O +fetal O +primates O +and O +that O +this O +pathway O +is O +pH O +sensitive O +in O +vivo O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +types O +of O +proteinoid O +yielded O +microspheres O +under O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +, O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +, O +methane O +, O +hydrogen B-Chemical +sulfide O +, O +hydrogen B-Chemical +, O +nitrogen B-Chemical +, O +and O +oxygen B-Chemical +( O +tested O +separately O +) O +and O +also O +under O +nitrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carbon I-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +atmospheres O +; O +higher O +proportions O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +resulted O +in O +fewer O +spheres O +from O +basic O +proteinoid O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +shown O +that O +acriflavin O +- O +Sepharose O +preparations O +function O +as O +NAD O +( O +P O +) O +H O +oxidizing O +agents O +in O +a O +number O +of O +different O +dehydrogenase O +systems O +including O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +( O +LDH O +) O +, O +alcohol B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +( O +ADH O +) O +, O +malate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +( O +MDH O +) O +, O +alanine B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +( O +alaDH O +) O +, O +and O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +( O +GDH O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Ribonuclease O +activity O +in O +preparations O +of O +human O +leukocyte O +interferon B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Most O +substances O +studied O +for O +their O +effect O +on O +the O +RNA O +- O +ase O +activity O +in O +human O +interferon B-Chemical +preparations O +showed O +many O +of O +them O +to O +act O +on O +the O +enzyme O +in O +the O +same O +way O +as O +on O +other O +ribonucleases O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +A O +dual O +action O +of O +cimetidine B-Chemical +, O +a O +histamine B-Chemical +H2antagonist O +, O +on O +the O +oxyntic O +cell O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +atenolol B-Chemical +and O +propranolol B-Chemical +during O +insulin O +- O +induced O +hypoglycaemia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +intensity O +of O +induced O +hypoglycaemia O +was O +identical O +for O +atenolol B-Chemical +, O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +and O +placebo O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +metoprolol B-Chemical +, O +and O +acebutolol O +on O +insulin O +- O +induced O +hypoglycaemia O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +not O +significant O +difference O +between O +propranolol B-Chemical +and O +metoprolol B-Chemical +, O +which O +both O +potentiated O +the O +initial O +hypoglycaemic O +action O +of O +the O +insulin O +and O +delayed O +the O +return O +to O +normoglycaemia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +on O +ventilatory O +and O +cardiac O +function O +of O +atenolol B-Chemical +, O +a O +new O +cardioselective O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +blocking O +agent O +, O +were O +compared O +with O +those O +of O +practolol O +in O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +trial O +in O +12 O +patients O +with O +asthma O +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +drug O +interfered O +significantly O +with O +the O +bronchodilator O +response O +to O +inhaled O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Light O +- O +evoked O +release O +of O +glycine B-Chemical +from O +cat O +and O +rabbit O +retina O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +site O +of O +uptake O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +glycine B-Chemical +into O +retina O +was O +checked O +by O +autoradiography O +and O +was O +found O +to O +be O +almost O +exclusively O +in O +a O +type O +of O +amacrine O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Chromatographic O +experiments O +showed O +that O +the O +main O +part O +of O +the O +radioactivity O +released O +by O +light O +was O +glycine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +results O +, O +that O +light O +stimulation O +will O +release O +glycine B-Chemical +from O +the O +retina O +both O +in O +vivo O +and O +in O +vitro O +, O +are O +further O +criterion O +for O +it O +as O +neurotransmitter O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +14C O +] O +estrone O +( O +600 O +ng O +) O +was O +incubated O +with O +0 O +. O +5 O +ml O +erythrocytes O +plus O +0 O +. O +5 O +ml O +of O +Krebs O +- O +Ringer O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +, O +pH O +7 O +. O +4 O +, O +for O +2 O +h O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +in O +an O +atmosphere O +of O +air O +. O + +aps B-category +Approximately O +20 O +% O +and O +2 O +% O +of O +added O +estrone O +were O +converted O +to O +17beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +estradiol I-Chemical +and O +17 O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +estradiol I-Chemical +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +antagonists O +( O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +pronethalol O +, O +alprenolol O +, O +isopropylmethoxamine O +, O +H O +35 O +/ O +25 O +, O +sotalol B-Chemical +and O +practolol O +) O +on O +isotonic O +contractile O +responses O +to O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +( O +NE O +) O +was O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enhancement O +of O +responses O +to O +NE O +was O +considerably O +greater O +at O +low O +concentrations O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +5 O +- O +1 O +. O +0 O +mM O +) O +than O +at O +high O +( O +8 O +mM O +) O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +Cumulative O +dose O +- O +response O +curves O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +showed O +no O +increase O +in O +maximum O +responses O +although O +responses O +to O +low O +concentrations O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +were O +augmented O +by O +sotalol B-Chemical +and O +practolol O +. O + +aps B-category +Chronic O +administration O +of O +aminotriazole O +( O +0 O +. O +5 O +g O +/ O +kg O +food O +) O +to O +rats O +was O +accompanied O +by O +a O +reduced O +responsiveness O +to O +acute O +administration O +of O +the O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +agonist O +, O +l B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +isoproterenol I-Chemical +( O +50 O +- O +100 O +mug O +/ O +kg O +, O +sc O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +the O +increase O +in O +tail O +skin O +temperature O +accompanying O +administration O +of O +epinephrine B-Chemical +( O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +sc O +) O +was O +significantly O +reduced O +in O +the O +hypothyroid O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +blockade O +on O +sodium B-Chemical +excretion O +in O +normal O +and O +chronic O +salt B-Chemical +retaining O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +normal O +dogs O +urinary O +sodium B-Chemical +excretion O +increased O +significantly O +from O +265 O ++ O +/ O +56 O +( O +SEM O +) O +to O +370 O ++ O +/ O +65 O +muequiv O +. O +/ O +min O +, O +whereas O +no O +increase O +in O +sodium B-Chemical +excretion O +was O +noted O +in O +either O +caval O +dogs O +or O +salt B-Chemical +depleted O +animals O +after O +PBA O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +absence O +of O +any O +effect O +in O +chronic O +caval O +or O +salt B-Chemical +depleted O +dogs O +suggests O +that O +increased O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +activity O +does O +not O +play O +a O +significant O +role O +in O +the O +sodium B-Chemical +retention O +of O +these O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +Urinary O +output O +of O +Na O ++ O +and O +K O ++ O +, O +and O +volume O +of O +urine O +have O +been O +studied O +in O +conscious O +, O +unrestrained O +, O +water O +- O +loaded O +male O +rats O +following O +the O +intraseptal O +injection O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +An O +alpha O +blocker O +( O +dibenamine O +) O +, O +injected O +intraseptally O +before O +NA O +, O +showed O +an O +inhibitory O +effect O +while O +a O +beta O +blocker O +( O +propranolol B-Chemical +) O +yielded O +a O +potentiation O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Lidocaine B-Chemical +, O +which O +inhibits O +the O +re O +- O +uptake O +of O +NA O +, O +showed O +an O +enhancement O +of O +the O +natriuretic O +and O +kaliuretic O +effect O +of O +NA O +, O +and O +the O +same O +effect O +was O +observed O +when O +the O +enzymatic O +destruction O +of O +NA O +was O +prevented O +by O +nialamide O +, O +an O +inhibitor O +of O +monoaminoxidase O +. O + +aps B-category +Serotonin B-Chemical +had O +no O +action O +on O +natriuresis O +, O +kaliuresis O +and O +diuresis O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +rats O +treated O +with O +either O +DOCA B-Chemical +alone O +or O +1 O +% O +NaCl B-Chemical +alone O +there O +was O +no O +significant O +increase O +in O +systolic O +blood O +pressure O +( O +SBP O +) O +or O +COP O +relative O +to O +the O +corresponding O +controls O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +increases O +in O +prostatic O +adenylate O +cyclase O +and O +cyclic O +- O +AMP O +also O +were O +related O +to O +the O +dose O +of O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +administered O +and O +maximal O +enhancement O +of O +these O +parameters O +was O +seen O +with O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +dose O +of O +the O +agonist O +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulation O +of O +prostatic O +soluble O +protein O +kinase O +by O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +was O +associated O +with O +a O +decrease O +( O +33 O +% O +) O +in O +the O +activity O +of O +the O +cyclic O +- O +AMP O +- O +dependent O +protein O +kinase O +with O +a O +concomitant O +increase O +( O +25 O +% O +) O +in O +that O +of O +the O +independent O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +propranolol B-Chemical +alone O +had O +little O +or O +no O +effect O +on O +these O +parameters O +, O +it O +inhibited O +partially O +the O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +alterations O +in O +cyclic O +- O +AMP O +- O +dependent O +protein O +kinase O +and O +the O +cyclic O +- O +AMP O +binding O +capacity O +. O + +aps B-category +Epinephrine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +hepatic O +potassium B-Chemical +movements O +before O +and O +after O +adrenergic O +blockade O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +epinephrine B-Chemical +was O +administered O +intraportally O +, O +neither O +alpha O +- O +nor O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blockade O +, O +singly O +or O +in O +combination O +, O +had O +significant O +effects O +upon O +the O +hyperkalemic O +or O +the O +hypokalemic O +phases O +in O +either O +hepatic O +venous O +or O +systemic O +arterial O +blood O +. O + +aps B-category +Blockade O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +contractions O +of O +guinea O +pig O +ielum O +by O +beta O +- O +haloalkylamines O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +thiosulfate O +in O +the O +wash O +fluid O +the O +parallel O +shift O +whith O +retention O +of O +maximum O +response O +increases O +to O +about O +2 O +log O +units O +, O +and O +a O +similar O +value O +is O +obtained O +for O +Nethyl O +- O +N O +- O +( O +2 O +- O +bromoethyl O +) O +- O +1 O +- O +naphthylamine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +well O +- O +known O +of O +the O +neurotransmitters O +are O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +, O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +and O +serotonin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Experimental O +evidence O +for O +the O +release O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +like I-Chemical +substances O +, O +mainly O +of O +the O +E O +type O +, O +into O +the O +venous O +outflow O +from O +working O +skeletal O +muscles O +in O +the O +dog O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +release O +occurred O +during O +and O +after O +muscular O +work O +, O +was O +abolished O +by O +indomethacin B-Chemical +, O +and O +was O +not O +present O +in O +gallamine O +- O +treated O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +Ribosomal O +RNA O +synthesis O +, O +as O +well O +as O +its O +inhibition O +by O +ppGpp O +, O +are O +critically O +salt B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +Cardiac O +myosin O +from O +thyrotoxic O +animals O +( O +myosin O +- O +T O +) O +exhibits O +elevated O +Ca2 O ++ O +- O +ATPase O +activity O +which O +is O +resistant O +to O +further O +stimulation O +by O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +modification O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Ca2 O ++ O +saturation O +, O +pH O +, O +and O +salt B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependency I-Chemical +curves O +for O +the O +ATPase O +activity O +of O +myosin O +- O +T O +were O +parallel O +to O +the O +curves O +for O +myosin O +- O +N O +and O +differed O +from O +those O +for O +the O +NEM O +- O +modified O +myosins O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +electrophoretic O +pattern O +of O +light O +chains O +from O +myosin O +- O +T O +and O +myosin O +- O +N O +was O +the O +same O +in O +polyacrylamide O +gels O +containing O +either O +8 O +M O +urea B-Chemical +at O +pH O +8 O +. O +6 O +or O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Similar O +hybrid O +mice O +treated O +with O +high O +doses O +of O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +( O +70mg O +/ O +kg O +/ O +week O +) O +were O +more O +immunosuppressed O +than O +mice O +with O +graft O +- O +versus O +- O +host O +reactions O +and O +had O +even O +greater O +survival O +times O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +propanolol B-Chemical +( O +320 O +mg O +per O +day O +for O +3 O +wk O +) O +: O +( O +1 O +) O +The O +baseline O +pressure O +was O +reduced O +; O +( O +2 O +) O +appearance O +, O +peak O +, O +and O +disappearance O +time O +of O +the O +circulatory O +reaction O +to O +either O +stimulus O +was O +not O +altered O +; O +( O +3 O +) O +the O +pressor O +effect O +of O +arithmetic O +was O +decreased O +in O +an O +extent O +proportional O +to O +the O +reduced O +rise O +of O +cardiac O +output O +; O +and O +( O +4 O +) O +pressure O +during O +cold O +reached O +the O +pretreatment O +levels O +through O +an O +augmented O +increase O +of O +vascular O +resistance O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +pharmacokinetics O +of O +lorazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Eight O +healthy O +male O +subjects O +received O +single O +2 O +- O +mg O +oral O +doses O +of O +lorazepam B-Chemical +containing O +24 O +muCi O +/ O +mg O +of O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +14C I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lorazepam I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +a O +lag O +time O +, O +lorazepam B-Chemical +was O +absorbed O +with O +an O +apparent O +first O +- O +order O +half O +- O +life O +of O +15 O +min O +. O + +aps B-category +Biotransformation O +to O +a O +pharmacologically O +inactive O +glucuronide O +metabolite O +appeared O +to O +be O +the O +major O +mechanism O +of O +lorazepam B-Chemical +clearance O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +age O +on O +oxygen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +in O +normal O +human O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +P50 O +( O +oxygen B-Chemical +tension O +at O +50 O +% O +oxygen B-Chemical +saturation O +) O +expressed O +at O +plasma O +pH O +7 O +- O +40 O +and O +PCO2 O +5 O +- O +33 O +kPa O +showed O +a O +positive O +correlation O +with O +age O +. O + +aps B-category +Intracellular O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +activity O +, O +[ O +H O ++ O +] O +i O +, O +was O +extimated O +in O +human O +erythrocytes O +and O +in O +nucleated O +avian O +erythrocytes O +from O +measurements O +of O +the O +distribution O +of O +ammonia B-Chemical +and O +5 O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +dimethyloxazolidine O +- O +2 O +, O +4 O +' O +- O +dione O +( O +DMO O +) O +between O +intracellular O +and O +extracellular O +fluid O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +avian O +erythrocytes O +, O +[ O +H O ++ O +] O +i O +( O +ammonia B-Chemical +) O +was O +consistently O +greater O +than O +[ O +H O ++ O +] O +i O +( O +DMO O +) O +, O +indicating O +significant O +acid O +- O +base O +heterogeneity O +of O +the O +intracellular O +water O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +ultimobranchialectomy O +on O +calcium B-Chemical +and O +sodium B-Chemical +concentrations O +of O +serum O +and O +coelomic O +fluid O +in O +bullfrog O +tadpoles O +under O +high O +calcium B-Chemical +and O +high O +sodium B-Chemical +environment O +. O + +aps B-category +Excitation O +- O +contraction O +coupling O +and O +intracellular O +calcium B-Chemical +pool O +in O +the O +penis O +retractor O +muscle O +of O +Helix O +pomatia O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +of O +the O +effect O +of O +ouabain B-Chemical +, O +ethacrynic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +photoxidation O +on O +cation O +and O +water O +balance O +of O +mammalian O +muscle O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +on O +the O +heart O +and O +on O +branchial O +and O +peripheral O +resistances O +of O +the O +eel O +, O +Anguilla O +anguilla O +( O +L O +. O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +inhibitors O +on O +the O +hydrolysis O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +by O +four O +species O +of O +Schistosoma O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +action O +of O +kainic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +quisqualic O +acid O +on O +the O +glutamate B-Chemical +receptors O +of O +three O +identifiable O +neurones O +from O +the O +brain O +of O +the O +snail O +, O +Helix O +aspersa O +. O + +aps B-category +Methyldopa B-Chemical +( O +Aldomet B-Chemical +) O +in O +combination O +with O +timolol B-Chemical +( O +Blocadren O +) O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +and O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +tension O +were O +measured O +in O +24 O +consecutive O +parapneumonic O +effusions O +, O +along O +with O +the O +leukocyte O +count O +, O +leukocytic O +differential O +count O +, O +and O +levels O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +Incubation O +of O +rat O +liver O +microsomes O +with O +14C B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +halothane I-Chemical +in O +a O +nitrogen B-Chemical +atmosphere O +results O +in O +a O +high O +correlation O +between O +the O +formation O +of O +conjugated O +dienes O +and O +the O +binding O +of O +a O +halothane B-Chemical +metabolite O +to O +phospholipids O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +[ O +36Cl O +] O +halothane B-Chemical +and O +[ O +14C O +] O +halothane B-Chemical +showed O +a O +similar O +pattern O +of O +binding O +to O +microsomal O +phospholipids O +suggesting O +that O +the O +chlorine O +atom O +is O +retained O +by O +the O +metabolite O +that O +binds O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +very O +little O +radioactivity O +is O +bound O +in O +these O +organs O +when O +an O +equal O +amount O +of O +the O +14C O +- O +labeled O +oxygen B-Chemical +analog O +of O +ANTU O +, O +14C O +- O +alpha O +- O +naphthylurea O +( O +ANU O +) O +, O +is O +administered O +. O + +aps B-category +Incubation O +of O +microsomes O +with O +ANTU O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +or O +with O +ANU O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +, O +has O +no O +effect O +on O +these O +parameters O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blocking O +agent O +, O +timolol B-Chemical +, O +appears O +to O +be O +bound O +to O +stereospecific O +as O +well O +as O +nonspecific O +sites O +in O +the O +particulate O +fraction O +( O +8500g O +pellet O +) O +of O +the O +heart O +, O +lungs O +, O +and O +brain O +, O +whereas O +the O +d O +- O +isomer O +of O +timolol B-Chemical +was O +bound O +to O +nonspecific O +sites O +only O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +concentration O +of O +14C B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +timolol I-Chemical +in O +the O +particulate O +fraction O +of O +rat O +tissues O +was O +inhibited O +by O +iv O +administered O +timolol B-Chemical +and O +by O +the O +l O +- O +isomer O +of O +propanolol B-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +by O +their O +corresponding O +d O +- O +forms O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +heart O +and O +lung O +tissue O +of O +rats O +, O +racemic O +timolol B-Chemical +, O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +bunolol O +, O +and O +bunitrolol O +were O +approximately O +equally O +effective O +in O +competing O +for O +the O +binding O +sites O +of O +14C B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +timolol I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +report O +suggests O +that O +the O +stereospecific O +binding O +of O +timolol B-Chemical +may O +be O +related O +to O +the O +beta O +- O +adrenoreceptor O +process O +. O + +aps B-category +14C O +- O +Cicloprofen O +was O +converted O +to O +its O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical +diastereoisomers O +, O +which O +were O +separated O +by O +thin O +- O +layer O +chromatography O +and O +quantified O +by O +measuring O +the O +radioactivity O +in O +the O +area O +corresponding O +to O +each O +individual O +diastereoisomer O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +using O +the O +radiometric O +method O +, O +a O +unique O +biotransformation O +process O +, O +the O +inversion O +of O +the O +( O +- O +) O +- O +enantiomer O +of O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylfluorene I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +to O +its O +( O ++ O +) O +- O +enantiomer O +, O +has O +been O +demonstrated O +in O +the O +rat O +and O +monkey O +. O + +aps B-category +5 O +, O +5 O +- O +Bis O +( O +3 O +- O +hydroxyphenyl O +) O +hydantoin O +, O +a O +minor O +metabolite O +of O +diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical +( O +dilantin O +) O +in O +the O +rat O +and O +human O +. O + +aps B-category +Loss O +of O +metabolic O +activity O +resulting O +from O +dialysis O +of O +the O +cytosol O +was O +restored O +with O +glutathione B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Compounds O +known O +to O +serve O +as O +substrates O +for O +various O +GSH O +transferases O +inhibited O +the O +reaction O +as O +did O +those O +capable O +of O +interacting O +with O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +of O +the O +conjugates O +, O +which O +is O +a O +major O +metabolite O +, O +has O +been O +assigned O +a O +unique O +quaternary B-Chemical +ammonium I-Chemical +N O +- O +glucuronide O +structure O +, O +since O +it O +gave O +tripelennamine O +and O +D O +- O +glucuronic O +acid O +on O +incubation O +with O +beta O +- O +glucuronidase O +. O + +aps B-category +Rat O +metabolites O +were O +3 O +- O +( O +3 O +- O +chloro O +- O +4 O +- O +hydroxyphenoxy O +) O +- O +N O +- O +methyl O +- O +l O +- O +pyrrolidinecarboxamide O +( O +C O +) O +3 O +- O +( O +3 O +- O +chloro O +- O +4 O +- O +hydroxyphenoxy O +) O +- O +1 O +- O +pyrrolidinecarboxamide O +( O +D O +) O +, O +3 O +- O +( O +3 O +- O +chlorohydroxyphenoxy O +) O +- O +1 O +- O +pyrrolidinecarboxamide O +( O +E O +) O +, O +3 O +- O +( O +3 O +- O +chlorophenoxy O +) O +- O +4 O +( O +[ O +( O +methylamino O +) O +- O +carbonyl O +] O +amino B-Chemical +) O +butanoic O +acid O +( O +G O +) O +, O +3 O +- O +( O +3 O +- O +chlorophenoxy O +) O +- O +4 O +[ O +( O +aminocarbonyl O +) O +amino B-Chemical +] O +butanoic O +acid O +( O +H O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +in O +vivo O +formation O +of O +the O +methyl O +ether B-Chemical +represents O +the O +first O +report O +of O +alkylation O +of O +a O +tertiary O +alcohol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +thin O +- O +layer O +chromatographic O +procedure O +is O +described O +for O +the O +quantitative O +determination O +of O +phenacetin B-Chemical +and O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +in O +rat O +plasma O +. O + +aps B-category +Pretreatment O +with O +3 O +- O +MC O +decreased O +the O +plasma O +half O +- O +life O +of O +phenacetin B-Chemical +, O +after O +iv O +administration O +, O +from O +28 O +min O +to O +4 O +. O +5 O +min O +and O +reduced O +the O +systemic O +bioavailability O +of O +phenacetin B-Chemical +, O +after O +oral O +administration O +, O +from O +45 O +% O +in O +control O +rats O +to O +6 O +% O +in O +3 O +- O +MC O +- O +treated O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +methadone B-Chemical +dose O +on O +the O +biliary O +excretion O +of O +methadone B-Chemical +metabolites O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +administration O +of O +the O +0 O +. O +08 O +- O +and O +1 O +. O +0 O +- O +mg O +/ O +kg O +doses O +of O +14C B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methadone I-Chemical +there O +was O +no O +difference O +in O +the O +percentage O +of O +administered O +14C O +excreted O +into O +bile O +with O +time O +. O + +aps B-category +Several O +mechanisms O +could O +be O +responsible O +for O +this O +disproportionate O +increase O +in O +biliary O +excretion O +of O +methadone B-Chemical +metabolites O +after O +high O +doses O +of O +methadone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Pretreatment O +of O +rats O +with O +PB O +increases O +the O +biliary O +excretion O +of O +methadone B-Chemical +metabolites O +, O +primarily O +by O +increasing O +rates O +of O +methadone B-Chemical +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Treatment O +of O +hypertrophic O +obstructive O +cardiomyopathy O +with O +verapamil B-Chemical +, O +a O +calcium B-Chemical +antagonist O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +of O +this O +condition O +with O +verapamil B-Chemical +appeared O +to O +be O +superior O +to O +that O +with O +beta O +- O +blockers O +. O + +aps B-category +Biological O +activity O +of O +porcine O +calcitonin B-Chemical +was O +most O +actively O +inactivated O +by O +the O +rat O +kidney O +homogenate O +than O +by O +other O +tissue O +homogenates O +. O + +aps B-category +Inactivation O +of O +porcine O +calcitonin B-Chemical +by O +the O +rat O +kidney O +microsome O +was O +dependent O +on O +pH O +and O +temperature O +. O + +aps B-category +Estimation O +of O +testosterone B-Chemical +binding O +capacity O +in O +the O +serum O +with O +hydrophobie O +resin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +serum O +was O +incubated O +with O +a O +saturating O +amount O +of O +testosterone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +, O +2 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +H O +at O +15 O +degrees O +C O +, O +unbound O +testosterone B-Chemical +was O +adsorbed O +to O +the O +resin O +and O +the O +3H O +- O +radoiactivity O +remaining O +in O +the O +supernatant O +fluid O +was O +counted O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +liver O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +activity O +were O +measured O +in O +mice O +and O +rats O +following O +a O +whole O +body O +X O +- O +irradiation O +in O +order O +to O +ascertain O +the O +dose O +- O +effect O +relationship O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +submaxillary O +gland O +, O +the O +activities O +of O +arginase O +, O +ornithine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +, O +pyrroline O +- O +5 O +- O +carboxylate O +reductase O +and O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +were O +high O +, O +but O +no O +ornithine B-Chemical +transcarbamylase O +or O +proline O +oxidase O +could O +be O +detected O +. O + +aps B-category +Submaxillary O +tumors O +deviated O +from O +their O +cognate O +tissue O +by O +lower O +levels O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +metabolizing O +enzymes O +and O +by O +high O +concentrations O +of O +thymidine B-Chemical +kinase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relationship O +of O +femoral O +venous O +[ O +K O ++ O +] O +, O +[ O +H O ++ O +] O +, O +osmolality O +( O +OSM O +) O +, O +PO2 O +, O +and O +[ O +inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +] O +( O +[ O +Pi O +] O +) O +with O +heart O +rate O +( O +HR O +) O +, O +ventilation O +( O +VE O +) O +, O +and O +calculated O +leg O +blood O +flow O +( O +Q O +) O +were O +investigated O +during O +bicycle O +exercise O +in O +endurance O +trained O +( O +TR O +) O +and O +untrained O +( O +UT O +) O +test O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +binding O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +to O +hexokinase O +P O +- O +II O +, O +and O +the O +effect O +of O +this O +on O +the O +monomer O +- O +- O +dimer O +association O +- O +- O +dissociation O +reaction O +have O +been O +investigated O +quantitatively O +by O +a O +combination O +of O +titrations O +of O +intrinsic O +protein O +fluorescence O +and O +equilibrium O +ultracentrifugation O +. O + +aps B-category +Saturating O +concentrations O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +did O +not O +bring O +about O +complete O +dissociation O +of O +the O +enzyme O +showing O +that O +both O +sites O +were O +occupired O +in O +the O +dimer O +. O + +aps B-category +Under O +intermediate O +conditions O +( O +pH O +7 O +. O +0 O +, O +ionic O +strength O += O +0 O +. O +15 O +mol O +1 O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +) O +, O +where O +monomer O +and O +dimer O +coexisted O +, O +the O +binding O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +showed O +weak O +positive O +cooperatively O +( O +Hill O +coefficient O +1 O +. O +2 O +) O +; O +in O +addition O +, O +the O +binding O +was O +dependent O +upon O +the O +concentration O +of O +enzyme O +in O +the O +direction O +of O +stronger O +binding O +at O +lower O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +two O +tripeptide O +antibiotics O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylphosphinobutyryl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +( O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphinothricyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +) O +and O +L O +- O +( O +N5 O +- O +phosphono O +) O +methionine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +S I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sulfoximinyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +, O +both O +inhibitors O +of O +the O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +, O +are O +transported O +into O +the O +cell O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +K O +12 O +via O +the O +oligopeptide O +transport O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +tri B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +, O +tetra B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +, O +tri O +- O +L O +- O +lysine O +, O +tri O +- O +L O +- O +serine O +, O +tri B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glycine I-Chemical +, O +glycyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glycyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +and O +the O +synthetic O +tripeptide O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +azadenyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminohexanoyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( O +7 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3H I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +v I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +triazolo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +[ O +4 O +, O +5 O +- O +d O +] O +- O +pyrimidin O +- O +3 O +- O +yl O +) O +hexanoic O +acid O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +inhibition O +of O +the O +Ca2 O ++ O +- O +activated O +enzyme O +by O +adenosine B-Chemical +2 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +bisphosphate O +was O +virtually O +constant O +at O +various O +pH O +values O +. O + +aps B-category +Structural O +investigation O +on O +the O +O O +- O +specific O +polysaccharide O +chain O +of O +Shigella O +dysenteriae O +type O +1 O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +basis O +of O +methylation O +analysis O +data O +the O +polysaccharide O +was O +proved O +to O +be O +a O +linear O +chain O +of O +monosaccharide O +residues O +in O +pyranose O +forms O +substituted O +at O +position O +3 O +, O +except O +for O +that O +of O +galactose B-Chemical +substituted O +at O +position O +2 O +. O + +aps B-category +Electrophoresis O +in O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecylsulfate O +gels O +gave O +a O +single O +band O +corresponding O +to O +a O +molecular O +weight O +of O +22000 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Km O +values O +were O +found O +to O +be O +1 O +. O +1 O +mM O +for O +formaldehyde O +and O +1 O +. O +6 O +mM O +for O +ribulose O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +26 O +cases O +out O +of O +37 O +, O +we O +used O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +hydrochloride O +( O +Isuprel O +- O +WINTHROP O +) O +to O +open O +the O +peripheral O +vascular O +bed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +association O +of O +blood O +transfusion O +with O +injection O +of O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +, O +in O +adequate O +amounts O +to O +correct O +hypovolemia O +and O +to O +prevent O +vasoconstriction O +, O +is O +undoubtedly O +the O +best O +treatment O +of O +hemorrhagic O +shock O +. 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O + +aps B-category +After O +phosphotungstic O +acid O +staining O +at O +low O +pH O +, O +luminal B-Chemical +surface O +coat O +of O +maternal O +endothelium O +is O +always O +strongly O +and O +continuously O +visualized O +, O +while O +the O +plasma O +membrane O +of O +the O +syncytiotrophoblast O +facing O +the O +S O +. O +I O +. O +I O +. O + +aps B-category +Quantitative O +cytochemical O +measurement O +of O +glyceraldehyde O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +obstacle O +to O +the O +histochemical O +study O +of O +this O +enzyme O +has O +been O +the O +fact O +that O +the O +substrate O +, O +gylceraldehyde O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +, O +is O +very O +unstable O +. 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O +3 O +] O +) O +, O +which O +catalyzes O +the O +reversible O +cyclization O +of O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carbamyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +to O +L O +- O +dihydroorotate O +, O +has O +been O +purified O +from O +orotate O +- O +grown O +Clostridium O +oroticum O +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +gel O +electrophoresis O +, O +using O +three O +different O +buffer O +systems O +, O +indicated O +the O +enzyme O +is O +composed O +of O +two O +subunits O +, O +each O +having O +a O +molecular O +weight O +of O +55 O +, O +000 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +One O +of O +the O +products O +was O +identified O +as O +retinylphosphate O +galactose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +galactose B-Chemical +lipid O +was O +isolated O +by O +column O +chromatography O +on O +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +and O +silica O +gel O +. O + +aps B-category +Mild O +acid O +hydrolysis O +of O +labeled O +retinylphosphate O +galactose B-Chemical +yields O +[ O +14C O +] O +galactose B-Chemical +, O +whereas O +alkaline O +hydrolysis O +and O +hydrogenolysis O +produced O +[ O +14C O +] O +galactose B-Chemical +1 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +is O +inhibited O +by O +glucose B-Chemical +levels O +in O +the O +range O +of O +normal O +blood O +sugar O +concentrations O +. 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O +These O +effects O +were O +blocked O +by O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +antagonists O +including O +phenoxybenzamine O +, O +but O +were O +largely O +unaffected O +by O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +antagonists O +including O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Phenoxybenzamine O +and O +propranolol B-Chemical +were O +shown O +to O +be O +specific O +for O +their O +respective O +adrenergic O +receptors O +and O +to O +not O +affect O +the O +actions O +of O +glucagon O +or O +exogenous O +cAMP B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +glycogen O +synthase O +activity O +ratio O +( O +- B-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +/ O ++ O +glucose B-Chemical +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +) O +was O +increased O +from O +0 O +. O +09 O +to O +0 O +. 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O +2 O +M O +potassium B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +lowers O +it O +to O +50 O +% O +of O +the O +original O +level O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +behavior O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +2 O +' O +- O +monophospho O +- O +5 O +' O +- O +diphosphoribose O +is O +intermediate O +between O +NADP O ++ O +and O +NADH O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aminoacylflavin O +gives O +a O +negative O +Pauly O +reaction O +but O +yields O +1 O +mol O +of O +histidine O +on O +drastic O +acid O +hydrolysis O +thus O +showing O +an O +imidazole O +ring O +nitrogen B-Chemical +as O +the O +8alpha O +substituent O +of O +the O +flavin O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +all O +of O +these O +properties O +, O +however O +, O +the O +8alpha O +- O +histidylriboflavin O +isolated O +from O +thiamin O +dehydrogenase O +is O +indistinguishable O +from O +8alpha O +- O +[ O +N O +( O +1 O +) O +- O +histidyl O +] O +riboflavin B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +Four O +homogeneous O +antibodies O +to O +type O +VIII O +pneumococcal O +polysaccharide O +( O +S8 O +) O +were O +isolated O +from O +the O +serum O +of O +a O +single O +rabbit O +( O +3322 O +) O +by O +affinity O +chromatography O +on O +an O +S8 O +immunoadsoebent O +by O +utilizing O +gradient O +elution O +with O +cellobiose O +and O +NaCl B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fourth O +antibody O +light O +chain O +has O +a O +blocked O +amino B-Chemical +terminus O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +( O +CY O +) O +3 O +is O +toxic O +for O +a O +population O +of O +mouse O +T O +cells O +which O +is O +active O +in O +graft O +vs O +host O +( O +GVH O +) O +responses O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +trial O +of O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +as O +premedication O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +improved O +method O +for O +the O +determination O +of O +creatine B-Chemical +kinase O +activity O +( O +EC O +2 O +. O +7 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +NADPH B-Chemical +and O +total O +NADP O +concentrations O +as O +well O +as O +the O +NADPH B-Chemical +/ O +NADP O ++ O +ratio O +were O +decreased O +, O +and O +therefore O +total O +NAD O +/ O +total O +NADP O +ratio O +increased O +after O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Urinary O +testosterone B-Chemical +excretion O +was O +elevated O +in O +unilateral O +and O +bilateral O +cases O +of O +undescended O +testis O +under O +9 O +years O +of O +age O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +pubertal O +stage O +V O +the O +testosterone B-Chemical +excretion O +was O +normal O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +HCG O +stimulation O +, O +the O +testosterone B-Chemical +excretion O +increased O +at O +all O +ages O +studied O +whereas O +the O +androstenedione O +excretion O +increased O +only O +in O +bilateral O +cases O +under O +11 O +years O +of O +age O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +thyroid O +tyrosine B-Chemical +complex O +II O +is O +representative O +of O +a O +group O +of O +related O +complexes O +that O +constitute O +the O +complex O +II O +fraction O +and O +that O +, O +although O +the O +complexes O +resemble O +tRNA O +in O +many O +respects O +, O +they O +have O +distinctly O +different O +characteristics O +than O +conventional O +tRNA O +. O + +aps B-category +Adenosine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +triphosphate O +( O +ATP O +) O +is O +not O +required O +for O +stabilization O +at O +55 O +degreesC O +when O +glycerol O +is O +present O +. O + +aps B-category +Histidine O +decarboxylase O +of O +Lactobacillus O +30a O +: O +function O +and O +reactivity O +of O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +groups O +. 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O + +aps B-category +High O +resolution O +( O +6A O +) O +electron O +density O +profiles O +have O +been O +computed O +on O +an O +absolute O +electron O +density O +scale O +for O +bilayers O +composed O +of O +both O +saturated O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +and O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +associated O +with O +the O +alkaline O +earth O +series O +of O +divalent O +cations O +. O + +aps B-category +Passive O +potassium B-Chemical +ion O +permeability O +of O +Halobacterium O +halobium O +cell O +envelope O +membranes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +interaction O +of O +radioiodinated O +thyrotropin B-Chemical +with O +plasma O +membranes O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +4 O +degrees O +C O +, O +specific O +binding O +reached O +a O +maximum O +after O +2 O +h O +of O +incubation O +and O +a O +plateau O +was O +maintained O +for O +up O +to O +20 O +h O +. O +Degradation O +of O +[ O +125I O +] O +thyrotropin B-Chemical +was O +undetectable O +after O +2 O +h O +of O +incubation O +and O +was O +only O +10 O +% O +of O +the O +total O +after O +20 O +h O +. O +At O +pH O +6 O +. O +0 O +, O +at O +which O +binding O +was O +maximal O +, O +a O +single O +class O +of O +binding O +sites O +, O +having O +a O +dissociation O +constant O +of O +approx O +. O + +aps B-category +Phosphorylation O +of O +purified O +myelin O +was O +Mg2 O ++ O +- O +dependent O +, O +was O +optimal O +at O +pH O +6 O +. O +5 O +and O +was O +not O +stimulated O +by O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +Ca2 O ++ O +efflux O +appeared O +to O +be O +catalyzed O +by O +an O +active O +transport O +system O +. 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O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +in O +spite O +of O +increased O +mechanical O +stability O +in O +solutions O +with O +low O +pH O +( O +5 O +- O +2 O +) O +or O +containing O +Cu O ++ O ++ O +or O +sucrose B-Chemical +( O +10 O +per O +cent O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +shows O +a O +requirement O +for O +manganese O +ions O +and O +is O +stimulated O +by O +calcium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Influence O +of O +metabolic O +alkalosis O +on O +adrenaline B-Chemical +hyperglycemia O +of O +the O +dog O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Tonin O +was O +purified O +from O +rat O +submaxillary O +glands O +by O +differential O +centrifugation O +, O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulphate O +precipitation O +, O +gel O +filtration O +on O +Sephadex O +G150 O +, O +and O +by O +ion O +- O +exchange O +chromatography O +on O +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +, O +phospho O +- O +cellulose O +, O +SP O +- O +Sephadex O +C25 O +, O +and O +SP O +- O +Sephadex O +C50 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +tryptophanyl O +residues O +of O +glucoamylase O +I O +, O +which O +had O +been O +inactivated O +by O +reaction O +of O +its O +carboxylic O +acid O +residues O +with O +glycine B-Chemical +methyl O +ester O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +water O +- O +soluble O +carbodi O +- O +imide O +, O +were O +also O +substantially O +protected O +by O +maltose O +. O + +aps B-category +Hemicellulose O +B O +and O +holocellulose O +from O +spear O +grass O +( O +Heteropogon O +contortus O +) O +were O +the O +best O +sources O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +, O +and O +the O +optimum O +temperature O +was O +27 O +degrees O +. O + +aps B-category +HC O +- O +III O +hydrolysed O +hemicellulose O +B O +to O +oligosaccharides O +without O +production O +of O +monosaccharides B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Methyl O +alpha O +- O +and O +beta O +- O +pyranosides O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +galactose I-Chemical +, O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +, O +and O +D O +- O +mannose O +have O +been O +oxidized O +with O +bromine O +in O +aqueous O +solution O +at O +various O +pH O +values O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxidation O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +by O +human O +serum O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +seems O +that O +at O +higher O +pH O +values O +which O +are O +optimal O +for O +the O +faster O +moving O +isoenzymes O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +, O +slower O +moving O +entities O +show O +only O +a O +part O +of O +their O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +isoelectric O +focusing O +in O +8 O +M O +urea B-Chemical +, O +spectrin O +purified O +from O +normal O +human O +erythrocytes O +was O +resolved O +into O +12 O +to O +15 O +peptide O +bands O +differing O +by O +their O +isoelectric O +point O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +mass O +fragmentographic O +method O +of O +high O +accuracy O +for O +determination O +of O +serum O +urea B-Chemical +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +barbiturate B-Chemical +is O +then O +transferred O +from O +an O +alkaline O +water O +phase O +into O +an O +organic O +phase O +containing O +methyl O +iodine B-Chemical +by O +ion O +- O +pair O +extraction O +using O +tetrabutyl O +ammonium B-Chemical +as O +the O +positive O +counterion O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +comparison O +between O +the O +mass O +fragmentographic O +method O +and O +a O +routine O +method O +for O +determination O +of O +serum O +urea B-Chemical +based O +on O +the O +urease O +- O +Berthelot O +reaction O +gave O +a O +high O +correlation O +( O +r O += O +0 O +. O +99 O +) O +and O +a O +regression O +coefficient O +of O +0 O +. O +95 O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +simple O +and O +rapid O +ascending O +chromatography O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +makes O +it O +possible O +to O +differentiate O +the O +false O +positives O +, O +too O +frequently O +found O +with O +Beutler O +' O +s O +spot O +test O +( O +1968 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +granulation O +tissues O +showed O +significantly O +high O +values O +of O +benzylamine O +oxidase O +activity O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +the O +low O +values O +of O +lysyl O +oxidase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +facile O +separation O +of O +3H O +- O +labeled O +alcohol B-Chemical +from O +the O +ester O +substrate O +allows O +the O +simple O +and O +highly O +sensitive O +assay O +for O +urokinase O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +titration O +of O +solutions O +of O +the O +purified O +enzyme O +with O +radioactive O +orthophosphate O +, O +the O +enzyme O +was O +shown O +to O +incorporate O +up O +to O +2 O +phosphate B-Chemical +groups O +per O +molecule O +. O + +aps B-category +Ultramicromethod O +for O +the O +determination O +of O +human O +arginase O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +urea B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +14C O +] O +Arginine O +is O +hydrolysed O +by O +arginase O +to O +[ O +14C O +] O +urea B-Chemical +and O +ornithine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +High O +values O +of O +gammaGT O +were O +noted O +in O +alcoholic O +subjects O +and O +especially O +in O +those O +with O +either O +increased O +serum O +triglyceride B-Chemical +or O +alanine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +higher O +than O +16 O +mU O +/ O +ml O +, O +while O +PCE O +was O +not O +significantly O +changed O +in O +alcoholic O +subjects O +. 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O + +aps B-category +As O +normal O +faeces O +contain O +negligible O +amounts O +of O +urea B-Chemical +this O +ammonia B-Chemical +must O +have O +been O +generated O +from O +sources O +other O +than O +urea B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Ammonia B-Chemical +generation O +by O +incubated O +faeces O +was O +inhibited O +by O +prior O +autoclaving O +of O +the O +sample O +, O +but O +not O +by O +sterilization O +with O +gamma O +- O +irradiation O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +observations O +are O +interpreted O +as O +evidence O +that O +ammonia B-Chemical +generated O +within O +the O +colon O +in O +situ O +is O +not O +derived O +exclusively O +from O +urea B-Chemical +, O +but O +also O +from O +bacterial O +deamination O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +peptides O +and O +proteins O +. O + +aps B-category +Bacterial O +generation O +of O +organic O +solute O +in O +faeces O +which O +have O +left O +the O +body O +is O +sufficiently O +rapid O +to O +cast O +serious O +doubts O +on O +the O +validity O +of O +faecal O +centrifugation O +, O +or O +other O +time O +- O +consuming O +techniques O +involving O +lengthy O +handling O +of O +faeces O +, O +as O +methods O +of O +obtaining O +extracellular O +faecal O +fluid O +for O +measurements O +of O +organic O +constituents O +or O +ammonia B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Simultaneous O +measurements O +of O +heart O +rate O +and O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +in O +black O +- O +tailed O +prairie O +dogs O +( O +Cynomys O +ludovicianus O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +salt B-Chemical +water O +adaptation O +on O +the O +Australian O +black O +swan O +, O +Cygnus O +atratus O +( O +Latham O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Sexually O +related O +changes O +in O +plasma O +calcitonin B-Chemical +levels O +in O +Japanese O +quail O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +and O +large O +, O +they O +bear O +a O +certain O +structural O +resemblance O +to O +histamine B-Chemical +, O +and O +act O +principally O +to O +prevent O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +receptor I-Chemical +interaction O +through O +competition O +with O +histamine B-Chemical +for O +histamine B-Chemical +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +large O +number O +of O +antihistaminics O +which O +have O +been O +available O +for O +many O +years O +and O +employed O +chiefly O +as O +' O +antiallergic O +' O +drugs O +are O +classified O +as O +H1 O +- O +receptor O +inhibitors O +; O +they O +are O +most O +effective O +therapeutically O +in O +inhibiting O +manifestations O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +wheal O +and O +erythema O +formation O +and O +pruritus O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +synthesis O +and O +purification O +of O +the O +8 O +- O +azidoadenine O +analogs O +of O +NAD O ++ O +( O +azido O +- O +NAD O ++ O +) O +and O +FAD O +( O +AZIDO O +- O +FAD O +) O +from O +8 O +- O +azidoadenosine O +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +and O +NMN O ++ O +or O +FMN O +, O +respectively O +, O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +Azido O +- O +FAD O +is O +shown O +to O +be O +coenzyme O +of O +apo B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +oxidase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +catalytic O +properties O +of O +glutathione B-Chemical +reductase O +from O +human O +erythrocytes O +have O +been O +studied O +over O +a O +range O +of O +buffer O +conditions O +and O +substrate O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +certain O +assays O +anomalies O +were O +observed O +which O +are O +correlated O +with O +an O +inactivation O +of O +the O +enzyme O +by O +NADPH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +inactivation O +and O +aggregation O +could O +be O +connected O +with O +oxidation O +of O +thiols B-Chemical +at O +the O +active O +site O +. O + +aps B-category +Equilibrium O +dialysis O +has O +been O +used O +to O +determine O +the O +binding O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +to O +chromatophores O +of O +Rhodospirillum O +rubrum O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +retention O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +had O +a O +pH O +optimum O +at O +pH O +6 O +. O +5 O +to O +6 O +. O +8 O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +illumination O +of O +chromatophores O +prior O +to O +dialysis O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +ADP O +leads O +to O +a O +retention O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +at O +pH O +8 O +. O +0 O +which O +persists O +during O +dark O +dialysis O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +added O +magnesium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +range O +of O +pH O +6 O +. O +2 O +- O +8 O +. O +45 O +, O +at O +25 O +degrees O +C O +no O +gross O +conformational O +changes O +are O +reflected O +in O +the O +hydrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deuterium I-Chemical +exchange O +behaviour O +of O +the O +native O +, O +the O +reduced O +- O +nonalkylated O +- O +reassociated O +and O +the O +reduced O +- O +S O +- O +alkylated O +- O +reassociated O +IgG1 O +. O + +aps B-category +Interactions O +with O +steroids B-Chemical +and O +their O +conjugates O +, O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +bromosulphophthalein O +carcinogens O +, O +glutathione B-Chemical +and O +realted O +compounds O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +included O +several O +steroids B-Chemical +( O +but O +not O +cortisol B-Chemical +) O +, O +20 O +- O +methylcholanthrene O +, O +diethylstilboestrol O +, O +oleate O +and O +palmitate O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +well O +as O +non O +- O +polar O +compounds O +and O +organic O +anions O +, O +ligandin O +was O +also O +found O +to O +bind O +sulphate O +and O +glucuronate O +to O +a O +measurable O +degree O +, O +and O +to O +interact O +quite O +strongly O +with O +glutathione B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +found O +that O +the O +basis O +for O +the O +specificity O +is O +not O +: O +( O +a O +) O +an O +intrinsic O +greater O +stability O +of O +the O +ternary O +complexes O +containing O +fMet O +- O +tRNA O +, O +( O +b O +) O +the O +amoung O +of O +aminoacyl O +- O +tRNA O +bound O +to O +the O +ribosome O +, O +( O +c O +) O +the O +conditions O +under O +which O +the O +ternary O +complex O +is O +made O +or O +( O +d O +) O +the O +formylation O +of O +the O +amino B-Chemical +group O +. 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O + +aps B-category +[ O +Metabolic O +fate O +of O +carteolol B-Chemical +hydrochloride I-Chemical +( O +OPC O +- O +1085 O +) O +, O +a O +new O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +agent O +. O + +aps B-category +Propranolol B-Chemical +is O +known O +to O +be O +distributed O +at O +a O +high O +concentration O +in O +the O +brain O +, O +whereas O +the O +concentration O +of O +( O +3H O +- O +) O +carteolol B-Chemical +detectable O +in O +the O +brain O +was O +slight O +. O + +aps B-category +Biochemical O +analyses O +of O +brain O +samples O +of O +an O +Animal O +Model O +of O +Depression O +indicate O +the O +state O +of O +motionlessness O +observed O +in O +response O +to O +a O +conditioned O +stimulus O +was O +due O +to O +an O +excess O +in O +functional O +activity O +of O +serotonin B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +NH2OH O +liberated O +only O +part O +of O +the O +long O +and O +the O +short O +( O +ADP O +- O +ribose O +) O +n O +residues O +from O +the O +protein O +conjugates O +, O +indicating O +two O +types O +of O +bonds O +, O +both O +alkali B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +labile I-Chemical +, O +but O +only O +one O +susceptible O +to O +neutral O +hydroxylamine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hydrogen B-Chemical +transfer O +from O +the O +alpha O +- O +position O +of O +vinylacetyl O +- O +SEtNAc O +to O +the O +gamma O +- O +position O +of O +2 O +- O +butenoyl O +- O +SEtNAc O +( O +1f O +leads O +to O +2 O +f O +) O +occurs O +partially O +intramolecularly O +( O +40 O +- O +50 O +% O +) O +as O +shown O +by O +experiments O +in O +3HOH O +/ O +H2O O +, O +2H2O O +and O +3HOH O +/ O +2H2O O +as O +well O +as O +by O +experiments O +with O +[ O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +3H O +] O +vinylacetyl O +- O +SEtNAc O +. O + +aps B-category +Identity O +of O +kynurenine B-Chemical +: O +pyruvate B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +with O +histidine O +: O +pyruvate B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +was O +active O +with O +pyruvate B-Chemical +as O +amino B-Chemical +acceptor O +but O +not O +with O +2 O +- O +oxoglutarate O +, O +and O +utilized O +various O +aromatic O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +as O +amino B-Chemical +donors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +apparent O +Km O +values O +were O +about O +0 O +. O +63 O +mM O +, O +1 O +. O +4 O +mM O +and O +0 O +. O +09 O +mM O +for O +histidine O +, O +kynurenine B-Chemical +and O +phenylalanine O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Kynurenine O +pyruvate B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +activity O +of O +the O +enzyme O +was O +inhibited O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +histidine O +or O +phenylalanine O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +basis O +of O +purification O +ratio O +, O +substrate O +specificity O +, O +inhibition O +by O +common O +substrates O +, O +subcellular O +distribution O +, O +isoelectric O +focusing O +and O +polyacrylamide O +- O +gel O +electrophoresis O +, O +it O +is O +suggested O +that O +kynurenine B-Chemical +pyruvate B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +is O +identical O +with O +histidine O +pyruvate B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +and O +also O +with O +phenylalanine O +pyruvate B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibitor O +contained O +no O +proline O +, O +no O +arginine O +, O +no O +cysteine B-Chemical +and O +no O +tryptophan B-Chemical +, O +but O +did O +contain O +a O +large O +number O +of O +the O +polar O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +glutamate B-Chemical ++ O +glutamine B-Chemical +, O +aspartate B-Chemical ++ O +asparagine O +and O +lysine O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +hydrophobic O +type O +of O +binding O +of O +I3A O +to O +yeast O +proteinase O +A O +is O +suggested O +from O +experiments O +demonstrating O +a O +large O +decrease O +in O +the O +percentage O +of O +inhibition O +caused O +by O +addition O +of O +2 O +M O +urea B-Chemical +, O +2 O +M O +guanidine O +hydrochloride O +, O +0 O +. O +125 O +% O +Triton O +or O +0 O +. O +125 O +% O +cholic O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +Results O +of O +cesium O +chloride B-Chemical +equilibrium O +density O +gradient O +centrifugation O +revealed O +that O +the O +hemagglutinin O +was O +inseparable O +from O +the O +virus O +particles O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +recipients O +of O +purified O +ribosomal O +ribonucleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +were O +never O +protected O +against O +pneumococcal O +challenge O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +E O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Michaelis O +- O +Menten O +kinetics O +are O +observed O +in O +studies O +of O +highly O +purified O +bovine O +adrenal O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +at O +pH8 O +. O +0 O +in O +0 O +. O +1 O +M O +bicine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +is O +inhibited O +by O +NADPH B-Chemical +both O +at O +pH O +6 O +. O +8 O +and O +at O +8 O +. O +0 O +with O +a O +Kip O +of O +2 O +. O +36 O +muM O +at O +pH O +8 O +. O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +binding O +of O +ACTH B-Chemical +to O +our O +enzyme O +preparations O +has O +been O +observed O +, O +we O +have O +not O +been O +able O +, O +in O +spite O +of O +repeated O +attempts O +, O +to O +demonstrate O +augmentation O +of O +the O +activity O +of O +the O +enzyme O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +ACTH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +was O +purified O +180 O +- O +fold O +by O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +fractionation O +, O +gel O +filtration O +through O +a O +Sephadex O +G O +- O +200 O +column O +, O +and O +DEAE O +A O +- O +25 O +Sephadex O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +flexibility O +of O +the O +tertiary O +structure O +around O +the O +active O +site O +of O +myosin O +ATPase O +[ O +EC O +3 O +. O +6 O +. O +1 O +. O +3 O +] O +was O +studied O +using O +the O +reactivity O +of O +two O +specific O +thiol B-Chemical +groups O +, O +S1 O +and O +S2 O +, O +as O +a O +structural O +probe O +. O + +aps B-category +S1 O +showed O +much O +higher O +reactivity O +toward O +the O +maleimides O +, O +except O +for O +BIPM O +, O +than O +did O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetylcysteine I-Chemical +( O +N O +- O +Ac O +- O +Cys O +) O +a O +low O +molecular O +- O +weight O +model O +compound O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +Arrhenius O +plots O +for O +the O +thiols B-Chemical +reactive O +to O +BIPM O +did O +not O +show O +non O +- O +linearity O +in O +the O +presence O +or O +absence O +of O +ATP O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +analysis O +indicated O +the O +presence O +of O +an O +unusual O +component O +. O + +aps B-category +Several O +oligonucleotides O +of O +defined O +sequence O +were O +synthesized O +using O +2 O +' O +( O +3 O +' O +) O +- B-Chemical +O I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dihydrocinnamoyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nucleoside I-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +diphosphates O +( O +DHC O +- O +NDP O +) O +as O +substrates O +for O +polynucleotide O +phosphorylase O +[ O +EC O +2 O +. O +7 O +. O +7 O +. O +8 O +] O +from O +Thermus O +thermophilus O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +of O +an O +acid O +hydrolysate O +of O +the O +DAN O +- O +Modified O +enzyme O +was O +indistinguishable O +from O +that O +of O +the O +native O +enzyme O +except O +for O +the O +incorporation O +of O +about O +one O +norleucine B-Chemical +residue O +per O +molecule O +of O +protein O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +study O +is O +presented O +of O +the O +effect O +of O +acidic O +uncouplers O +and O +oligomycin O +on O +energy O +- O +linked O +and O +passive O +proton O +translocation O +, O +oxidative O +phosphorylation O +, O +and O +energy O +- O +linked O +nicotinamide B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nucleotide I-Chemical +transhydrogenase O +in O +EDTA O +submitochondrial O +particles O +from O +beef O +- O +heart O +. O + +aps B-category +Purification O +, O +properties O +, O +and O +kinetics O +of O +the O +tyrosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +isoenzyme O +from O +Escherichia O +coli O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +has O +a O +molecular O +weight O +of O +66 O +, O +000 O +as O +judged O +by O +gel O +filtration O +on O +Sephadex O +G O +- O +200 O +, O +and O +a O +subunit O +molecular O +weight O +of O +39 O +, O +000 O +as O +determined O +by O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +feedback O +inhibitor O +tyrosine B-Chemical +at O +concentrations O +above O +10 O +muM O +exhibits O +noncompetitive O +inhibition O +with O +respect O +to O +erythrose O +- O +4 O +- O +P O +, O +and O +competitive O +inhibition O +with O +respect O +to O +the O +other O +substrate O +, O +P O +- O +enolpyruvate O +. O + +aps B-category +Human O +adenosine B-Chemical +deaminase O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +these O +data O +with O +the O +known O +proton O +release O +accompanying O +the O +oxygenation O +of O +tetramers O +confirms O +that O +the O +pH O +dependence O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +binding O +by O +dimers O +must O +be O +very O +small O +. O + +aps B-category +Below O +pH O +8 O +. O +5 O +the O +tetramer O +- O +dimer O +dissociation O +constant O +of O +Hb O +Kansas O +is O +about O +400 O +times O +greater O +than O +that O +of O +HbA O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffers O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +provide O +kinetic O +support O +for O +a O +two O +- O +step O +mechanism O +where O +phosphoryl O +transfer O +from O +ATP O +to O +glutamate B-Chemical +precedes O +reaction O +with O +ammonia B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Various O +properties O +of O +the O +steroid B-Chemical +5alpha O +- O +reductase O +have O +been O +examined O +in O +cell O +- O +free O +extracts O +of O +skin O +and O +of O +fibroblasts O +cultured O +from O +genital O +and O +nongenital O +skin O +from O +control O +subjects O +and O +from O +patients O +with O +several O +forms O +of O +male O +pseudohermaphroditism O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +properties O +, O +such O +as O +coenzyme O +requirement O +, O +steroid B-Chemical +substrate O +specificity O +, O +and O +instability O +with O +increasing O +temperature O +, O +appear O +to O +be O +similar O +. O + +aps B-category +Heterogeneity O +of O +binding O +sites O +for O +carbamyl O +phosphate B-Chemical +and O +fluorinated O +analogs O +of O +carbamyl O +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +number O +of O +sites O +for O +the O +tight O +- O +binding O +inhibitor O +N O +- O +( O +phosphonacetyl O +) O +- B-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +does O +equal O +the O +number O +of O +catalytic O +chains O +in O +each O +case O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +1967 O +) O +242 O +, O +2886 O +- O +2892 O +) O +has O +5 O +. O +4 O +tight O +sites O +for O +carbamyl O +- O +P O +at O +pH O +8 O +. O +0 O +( O +KD O += O +9 O +. O +9 O +muM O +) O +, O +whereas O +native O +enzyme O +from O +cells O +grown O +with O +higher O +concentrations O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +uracil O +, O +and O +histidine O +( O +to O +yield O +more O +enzyme O +per O +unit O +volume O +of O +culture O +) O +has O +only O +1 O +. O +9 O +tight O +sites O +at O +pH O +8 O +. O +0 O +( O +KD O += O +4 O +. O +6 O +muM O +) O +and O +only O +2 O +. O +3 O +tight O +sites O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +0 O +( O +KD O += O +2 O +. O +6 O +muM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +has O +been O +used O +to O +study O +the O +binding O +of O +[ O +13C O +] O +carbamyl O +- O +P O +( O +90 O +% O +enriched O +) O +to O +the O +catalytic O +subunit O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +aspartate B-Chemical +transcarbamylase O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +succinate O +, O +an O +analog O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +, O +is O +added O +to O +form O +a O +ternary O +complex O +, O +there O +is O +a O +large O +downfield O +change O +in O +the O +chemical O +shift O +for O +carbamyl O +- O +P O +, O +consistent O +with O +interaction O +between O +the O +carbonyl O +group O +and O +a O +proton O +donor O +of O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +From O +the O +pH O +dependence O +of O +this O +downfield O +change O +and O +from O +the O +effects O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +analogs O +other O +than O +succinate O +, O +the O +form O +of O +the O +enzyme O +involved O +is O +proposed O +to O +be O +an O +isomerized O +ternary O +complex O +, O +previously O +observed O +in O +temperature O +jump O +and O +proton O +NMR O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +13C O +peak O +for O +the O +transition O +state O +analog O +N O +- O +( O +phosphonacetyl O +) O +- B-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +( O +PALA O +) O +, O +90 O +% O +enriched O +specifically O +at O +the O +amide O +carbonyl O +group O +, O +is O +shifted O +20 O +Hz O +downfield O +of O +the O +peak O +for O +free O +PALA O +upon O +binding O +to O +the O +catalytic O +subunit O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +change O +in O +conformation O +of O +the O +enzyme O +- O +carbamyl O +- O +P O +complex O +upon O +binding O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +, O +previously O +proposed O +to O +aid O +catalysis O +by O +compressing O +the O +two O +substrates O +together O +in O +the O +active O +site O +, O +may O +be O +accompanied O +by O +polarization O +of O +the O +C O += O +O O +bond O +, O +making O +this O +ordinarily O +unreactive O +group O +a O +much O +better O +electrophile O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +major O +steady O +state O +peroxidase O +oxidation O +product O +of O +p O +- O +cresol O +( O +with O +p O +- O +cresol O +in O +large O +excess O +compared O +to O +the O +enzyme O +concentration O +) O +is O +Pummerer O +' O +s O +ketone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +indicate O +that O +Pummerer O +' O +s O +ketone B-Chemical +cannot O +be O +the O +intermediate O +free O +radical O +product O +responsible O +for O +reducing O +compound O +II O +in O +the O +single O +turnover O +experiments O +. O + +aps B-category +Active O +site O +chlorination O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +by O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +chloro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +with O +N O +- O +[ O +36C O +] O +chloro B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical +, O +N O +- O +chloro O +- O +D O +- O +[ O +1 O +- O +14C O +] O +leucine B-Chemical +and O +N O +- O +chloro O +- O +D O +- O +[ O +4 O +, O +5 O +- O +3H O +] O +leucine B-Chemical +show O +that O +the O +modified O +enzyme O +has O +been O +chlorinated O +at O +a O +site O +, O +or O +sites O +, O +on O +the O +apoenzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +chlorination O +of O +the O +enzyme O +on O +the O +steady O +state O +parameters O +for O +oxidation O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +is O +entirely O +explained O +by O +a O +single O +perturbation O +, O +namely O +, O +a O +1000 O +- O +fold O +reduction O +in O +the O +specific O +rate O +of O +flavin O +reduction O +as O +measured O +directly O +by O +rapid O +reaction O +techniques O +. O + +aps B-category +Chromatographic O +separation O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +on O +a O +weakly O +acidic O +ion O +- O +exchange O +resin O +using O +a O +borate O +- O +containing O +eluent O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +strongly O +inhibited O +by O +o O +- O +phenanthroline O +, O +alpha O +- O +2 O +- O +macroglobulin O +, O +and O +egg O +white O +, O +and O +to O +a O +lesser O +extent O +by O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +penicillamine I-Chemical +and O +EDTA O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +are O +inhibited O +by O +o O +- O +phenanthroline O +and O +activity O +is O +restored O +by O +cobalt B-Chemical +, O +zinc B-Chemical +, O +or O +ferrous O +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +Sedimentation O +, O +gel O +chromatography O +, O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +- O +gel O +electrophoresis O +, O +and O +immuno O +- O +diffusion O +studies O +of O +digests O +of O +isolated O +proteoglycan O +fraction O +produced O +by O +the O +partially O +purified O +cartilage O +extract O +at O +neutral O +and O +acid O +pH O +confirmed O +that O +the O +cartilage O +enzymes O +act O +only O +on O +the O +protein O +component O +of O +proteoglycan O +subunit O +, O +producing O +fragments O +with O +5 O +to O +12 O +chondroitin B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +chains O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +eight O +reducing O +agents O +examined O +, O +including O +glutathione B-Chemical +, O +ascorbic O +acid O +, O +and O +intermediates O +of O +the O +glycolytic O +and O +hexose O +monophosphate O +shunt O +pathways O +, O +only O +the O +pyridine O +nucleotides O +could O +serve O +as O +electron O +donors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Km O +for O +NADH O +was O +approximately O +0 O +. O +7 O +mM O +regardless O +of O +pH O +, O +while O +with O +NADPH B-Chemical +the O +Km O +varied O +from O +0 O +. O +02 O +mM O +at O +pH O +6 O +. O +0 O +to O +0 O +. O +3 O +mM O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +Particulate O +O2 O +- O +production O +accounted O +for O +35 O +% O +of O +the O +oxygen B-Chemical +taken O +up O +during O +the O +respiratory O +burst O +by O +an O +equivalent O +number O +of O +intact O +neutrophils O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +oral O +radiotelemetric O +technique O +was O +used O +to O +determine O +whether O +a O +range O +of O +efficient O +buffers O +had O +the O +capacity O +to O +control O +the O +levels O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ions O +within O +dental O +plaque O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sucrose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Their O +permselective O +properties O +were O +studied O +as O +functions O +of O +the O +pH O +of O +the O +gradient O +solutions O +, O +the O +composition O +of O +the O +apatites O +, O +and O +the O +pretreatments O +with O +anionic O +phosphate B-Chemical +compounds O +and O +cationic O +proteins O +. O + +aps B-category +Histamine B-Chemical +hypersensitivity O +in O +mice O +induced O +by O +Bordetella O +pertussis O +or O +pharmacologic O +beta O +adrenergic O +blockade O +. O + +aps B-category +Female O +HLA O +- O +SW O +( O +ICR O +) O +mice O +, O +27 O +- O +29 O +gm O +, O +were O +injected O +with O +pertussis B-Chemical +vaccine I-Chemical +intravenously O +4 O +days O +before O +challenge O +with O +antigen O +, O +histamine B-Chemical +, O +or O +serotonin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +PGE1 B-Chemical +and O +PGE2 B-Chemical +at O +a O +narrow O +range O +of O +between O +10 O +and O +100 O +mug O +and O +epinephrine B-Chemical +at O +100 O +mug O +protected O +both O +pertussis O +- O +and O +propranolol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +PGF2alpha B-Chemical +, O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +, O +and O +atropine B-Chemical +were O +not O +protective O +at O +all O +. O + +aps B-category +Corticosterone O +10 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +reduced O +the O +number O +of O +deaths O +from O +histamine B-Chemical +in O +beta O +- O +blocked O +mice O +, O +but O +not O +in O +pertussis O +- O +treated O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Chemical O +- O +structural O +properties O +of O +tetracycline B-Chemical +derivatives O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +active O +odontoblasts O +from O +the O +rat O +incisor O +, O +used O +as O +a O +model O +system O +for O +biologic O +calcification O +, O +two O +distinguishable O +enzyme O +activities O +capable O +of O +degrading O +adenosine B-Chemical +monophosphate O +( O +ATP O +) O +exist O +. O + +aps B-category +Maximal O +activity O +was O +found O +against O +ATP O +, O +whereas O +adenosine B-Chemical +diphosphate I-Chemical +, O +guanosine B-Chemical +triphosphate O +, O +inosine O +triphosphate O +and O +adensoine O +monophosphate O +were O +hydrolysed O +at O +lower O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +Their O +lesions O +have O +been O +reported O +to O +contain O +increased O +amounts O +of O +the O +neurohumors O +, O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +and O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +, O +as O +well O +as O +increased O +activity O +of O +acetylcholinesterase O +and O +catechol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +O I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyltransferase I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Lymphocytes O +and O +PMN O +leukocytes O +isolated O +from O +patients O +with O +atopic O +dermatitis O +show O +both O +a O +decreased O +physiologic O +response O +( O +glycogenolysis O +and O +inhibition O +of O +lysosome O +enzyme O +release O +) O +and O +a O +decreased O +rise O +in O +intracellular O +levels O +of O +cAMP B-Chemical +upon O +incubation O +with O +beta O +agonists O +, O +but O +a O +normal O +response O +to O +PGE1 B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Coenzyme B-Chemical +A I-Chemical +derivatives O +of O +bile O +acids O +- O +chemical O +synthesis O +, O +purification O +, O +and O +utilization O +in O +enzymic O +preparation O +of O +taurine O +conjugates O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +each O +case O +, O +the O +purified O +product O +is O +free O +of O +starting O +materials O +and O +exhibits O +an O +equimolar O +ratio O +of O +bile B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +coenzyme O +A O +, O +and O +thioester O +bond O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +produced O +on O +hydrolysis O +was O +isolated O +in O +a O +one O +- O +step O +liquid O +- O +liquid O +partition O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +reversible O +, O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +blockade O +of O +spontaneous O +oocyte O +maturation O +in O +the O +starfish O +: O +locus O +of O +action O +. O + +aps B-category +Production O +of O +retarded O +, O +albino O +, O +regenerates O +in O +newts O +by O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +p I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +argued O +that O +clinical O +observations O +do O +not O +lead B-Chemical +one O +to O +believe O +that O +either O +the O +form O +or O +the O +content O +of O +schizophrenic O +thought O +disorder O +changes O +in O +any O +fundamental O +way O +as O +a O +result O +of O +medication O +. O + +aps B-category +Subcellular O +distribution O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +and O +catalase O +in O +rat O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Properties O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +decarboxylase O +from O +brains O +of O +adult O +and O +newborn O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Action O +of O +some O +fluorinated O +amphetamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +like I-Chemical +compounds O +on O +the O +synaptosomal O +uptake O +of O +neurotransmitters O +. O + +aps B-category +Subcellular O +localization O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +mono I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxygenase I-Chemical +in O +bovine O +pineal O +glands O +and O +raphe O +nuclei O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +was O +conducted O +to O +determine O +the O +chemical O +nature O +and O +growth O +stimulating O +action O +of O +the O +black O +phenol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carbohydrate I-Chemical +complex O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +alkali B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +proteins O +: O +feeding O +studies O +with O +free O +and O +protein O +- O +bound O +lysinoalanine O +in O +rats O +and O +other O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +such O +changes O +or O +any O +other O +indications O +of O +toxicity O +were O +observed O +, O +however O +, O +upon O +feeding O +much O +higher O +levels O +of O +LAL O +( O +up O +to O +6 O +, O +000 O +ppm O +) O +when O +provided O +as O +the O +protein O +- O +bound O +compound O +in O +alkali B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +casein O +or O +soybean O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +nephrotoxic O +activity O +was O +observed O +, O +however O +, O +with O +peptide O +- O +boound O +LAL O +in O +break O +- O +down O +products O +( O +molecular O +weight O +less O +than O +5 O +, O +000 O +) O +of O +alkali B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +casein O +, O +but O +considerably O +less O +than O +that O +of O +the O +free O +compound O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +brush O +border O +preparation O +from O +rat O +intestine O +was O +incubated O +with O +rat O +intrinsic O +factor B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +vitamin I-Chemical +B12 I-Chemical +complex O +in O +0 O +. O +01 O +M O +Tris O +- O +HCl O +buffer O +, O +pH O +7 O +. O +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +Brush O +borders O +washed O +with O +Krebs O +- O +Ringer O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +buffer O +( O +pH O +7 O +. O +4 O +) O +exhibited O +no O +difference O +in O +B12 O +uptake O +, O +whether O +in O +the O +presence O +or O +absence O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +ion O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +uptake O +reached O +a O +maximum O +by O +addition O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +ion O +at O +a O +concentration O +of O +0 O +. O +3 O +mM O +, O +and O +was O +not O +alter O +up O +to O +10 O +mM O +. O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +B12 O +uptake O +was O +markedly O +inhibited O +by O +manganese O +ion O +. 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O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +the O +systematic O +name O +for O +the O +dihydrofolate O +synthetase O +is O +7 O +, O +8 O +- O +dihydropteroate O +: O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +ligase O +( O +ADP O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibitory O +effect O +of O +dioctyl O +sodium B-Chemical +sulfosuccinate O +on O +hog O +pepsin O +activity O +was O +investigated O +over O +the O +pH O +1 O +. O +5 O +- O +3 O +. O +0 O +range O +. O + +aps B-category +Preservation O +characteristics O +of O +buffalo O +semen O +in O +citric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +whey I-Chemical +as O +an O +extender O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +protein O +which O +showed O +high O +affinity O +for O +calcium B-Chemical +ions O +was O +isolated O +from O +bull O +seminal O +vesicle O +secretion O +and O +seminal O +plasma O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +molecular O +weight O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +protein O +from O +bull O +seminal O +vesicle O +secretion O +, O +estimated O +by O +the O +gel O +filtration O +method O +, O +was O +110 O +, O +000 O +. O + +aps B-category +Clonidine B-Chemical +and O +related O +analogues O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +are O +discussed O +in O +the O +light O +of O +the O +postulated O +mechanism O +of O +action O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +several O +biological O +tests O +, O +the O +potency O +of O +seven O +new O +benzophenone O +derivatives O +approached O +or O +exceed O +that O +of O +diazepam B-Chemical +( O +35a O +) O +or O +its O +glycylaminobenzophenone O +analogue O +36 O +. O + +aps B-category +Physiological O +variation O +in O +the O +rabbits O +' O +dietary O +Na O ++ O +intake O +caused O +variations O +in O +bladder O +G O +and O +Isc O +similar O +to O +those O +caused O +by O +the O +expected O +in O +vivo O +changes O +in O +aldosterone B-Chemical +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +perturbational O +effects O +of O +monovalent O +and O +divalent O +cations O +on O +human O +erythrocyte O +membranes O +were O +analyzed O +by O +examining O +their O +influence O +on O +kinetic O +and O +structural O +characteristics O +of O +trinitrobenzenesulfonic O +acid O +( O +TNBS O +) O +incorporation O +into O +the O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +of O +protein O +and O +phospholipid O +structural O +components O +. O + +aps B-category +Transient O +extracellular O +pH O +changes O +accompany O +the O +exchange O +of O +chloride B-Chemical +for O +sulfate O +across O +the O +erythrocyte O +membrane O +. 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O +, O +are O +shown O +to O +be O +consistent O +with O +three O +different O +polymerization O +patterns O +, O +all O +involving O +an O +isodesmic O +indefinite O +self O +- O +association O +of O +specified O +oligomeric O +species O +. O + +aps B-category +Double O +- O +ternary O +complex O +affinity O +chromatography O +: O +preparation O +of O +alcohol B-Chemical +dehydrogenases O +. O + +aps B-category +Sepharose O +4B O +is O +activated O +with O +300 O +mg O +of O +cyanogen O +bromide B-Chemical +/ O +ml O +of O +packed O +gel O +and O +coupled O +to O +4 O +- O +[ O +3 O +- O +( O +N O +- O +6 O +- O +aminocaproyl O +) O +aminopropyl O +] O +pyrazole O +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +, O +propanol O +, O +or O +butanol O +, O +500 O +mM O +, O +results O +in O +the O +formation O +of O +a O +second O +ternary O +complex O +, O +which O +allows O +the O +elution O +of O +bound O +enzyme O +in O +high O +yield O +and O +purity O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +order O +to O +investigate O +this O +relationship O +and O +the O +role O +of O +nutrition O +in O +lung O +phospholipid O +synthesis O +, O +21 O +- O +day O +- O +old O +rats O +were O +exposed O +for O +60 O +h O +to O +one O +of O +five O +dietary O +regimens O +: O +standard O +rat O +chow O +( O +controls O +) O +, O +fasting O +, O +pure O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +pure O +fat O +, O +or O +pure O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activities O +of O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +carboxylase O +( O +EC O +6 O +. O +4 O +. O +1 O +. O +2 O +) O +and O +microsomal O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +elongation O +were O +decreased O +in O +all O +the O +experimental O +groups O +except O +for O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fed I-Chemical +group O +. O + +aps B-category +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +, O +( O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +: O +NAD O ++ O +oxidoreductase O +( O +deaminating O +) O +, O +EC O +1 O +. O +4 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +) O +synthesis O +in O +a O +thermophilic O +bacillus O +was O +found O +to O +be O +subjected O +to O +regulatory O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +Synthesis O +of O +the O +enzyme O +was O +dependent O +on O +the O +presence O +of O +inducer O +during O +growth O +and O +was O +arrested O +by O +addition O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +tetrahydrobiopterin O +the O +isolated O +enzyme O +catalyzes O +the O +hydroxylation O +of O +phenylalanine O +to O +3 O +, O +4 O +- O +dihydroxyphenylalanine O +with O +the O +release O +of O +free O +tyrosine B-Chemical +as O +an O +obligatory O +intermediate O +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +for O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +groups O +at O +the O +active O +site O +of O +catechol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +O I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyltransferase I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reactions O +of O +Rhus O +vernicifera O +( O +monophenol O +, O +dihydroxyphenylalanine O +: O +oxygen B-Chemical +oxidoreductase O +, O +EC O +1 O +. O +14 O +. O +18 O +. O +1 O +) O +with O +the O +reducing O +substrates O +hydroquinone B-Chemical +and O +ascorbic O +acid O +have O +been O +investigated O +with O +the O +stopped O +- O +flow O +technique O +. 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O +5 O +) O +was O +immobilized O +in O +spiropyran O +collagen O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +Factors O +influencing O +the O +variable O +heme O +iron B-Chemical +environment O +also O +influence O +flavin O +reactivity O +, O +indicating O +the O +existence O +of O +a O +mechanism O +for O +heme O +- O +flavin O +interaction O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +main O +chain O +conformation O +of O +the O +alkali B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +denatured I-Chemical +monellin O +( O +pH O +10 O +. O +9 O +) O +was O +restored O +upon O +acidification O +( O +pH O +3 O +. O +3 O +) O +of O +the O +alkaline O +solutions O +. O + +aps B-category +Reconstruction O +into O +a O +modified O +conformation O +of O +higher O +helix O +content O +was O +achieved O +also O +with O +50 O +% O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Hybridization O +of O +subunits O +from O +thyrotropin B-Chemical +, O +lutropin O +and O +human O +choriogonadotropin O +. 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O + +aps B-category +About O +30 O +% O +of O +her O +alpha O +chains O +were O +J O +Oxford O +which O +, O +bound O +to O +her O +gamma O +chains O +, O +produced O +a O +new O +alkali B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +hemoglobin O +, O +alpha2 O +J O +Oxford O +gamma O +F2 O +, O +which O +has O +not O +been O +described O +previously O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +medium O +, O +dibutyryl O +cyclic B-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +monophosphate I-Chemical +( O +DBcAMP O +) O +increases O +the O +adhesion O +index O +of O +the O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +2 O +Responses O +to O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +( O +the O +reference O +compound O +) O +, O +tertiary O +butyl O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +isoetharine O +were O +potentiated O +on O +trachea O +by O +50 O +muM O +phenoxybenzamine O +( O +PHB O +) O +and O +by O +other O +inhibitors O +of O +extraneuronal O +uptake O +( O +ENU O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +GABA B-Chemical +antagonism O +as O +a O +possible O +basis O +for O +the O +convulsant O +action O +of O +a O +series O +of O +bicyclic O +phosphorus B-Chemical +esters O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Anti O +- O +allergic O +properties O +of O +a O +new O +coumarin B-Chemical +compound O +( O +BM O +15 O +, O +100 O +) O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +2 O +The O +catecholamines B-Chemical +( O +1 O +- O +2 O +mug O +/ O +ml O +) O +inhibited O +neuronally O +evoked O +contractions O +at O +various O +stimulation O +frequencies O +; O +the O +inhibition O +was O +maximum O +at O +2 O +Hz O +and O +minimum O +at O +50 O +Hz O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +concentration O +- O +response O +curves O +of O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +at O +2 O +, O +10 O +and O +50 O +Hz O +were O +characteristically O +shifted O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +( O +50 O +ng O +/ O +ml O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +5 O +Acetylcholine O +- O +induced O +bladder O +contractions O +were O +inhibited O +by O +adrenaline B-Chemical +( O +2 O +mug O +/ O +ml O +) O +; O +the O +inhibition O +was O +completely O +blocked O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +5 O +mug O +/ O +ml O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +contracted O +strongly O +by O +histamine B-Chemical +, O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +F2alpha O +, O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +, O +compound O +48 O +/ O +80 O +, O +potassium B-Chemical +depolarizing O +solution O +and O +alternating O +current O +field O +stimulation O +. O + +aps B-category +3 O +( O +- O +) O +- O +Isoprenaline O +and O +( O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +adrenaline I-Chemical +were O +much O +more O +potent O +in O +relaxing O +the O +lung O +strip O +than O +the O +trachea O +. O + +aps B-category +4 O +beta2 O +- O +Adrenoceptor O +selective O +agonists O +salbutamol B-Chemical +and O +terbutaline B-Chemical +were O +more O +potent O +in O +the O +lung O +strip O +than O +the O +trachea O +, O +suggesting O +beta2 O +- O +adrenoceptors O +predominated O +in O +the O +lung O +strip O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +initial O +phase O +of O +the O +contractile O +response O +of O +the O +lung O +strip O +following O +challenge O +was O +shown O +to O +be O +due O +to O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +and O +was O +absent O +in O +the O +trachea O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +cimetidine B-Chemical +on O +lower O +oesophageal O +sphincter O +. O + +aps B-category +Partial O +purification O +yielded O +an O +endorphin O +at O +least O +4 O +times O +more O +potent O +than O +normorphine O +and O +16 O +times O +more O +potent O +than O +the O +endogenous O +brain O +pentapeptide O +methionine B-Chemical +enkephalin O +. O + +aps B-category +Uptake O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +) O +by O +adult O +and O +fetal O +rabbit O +' O +s O +ileum O +was O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +in O +addition O +to O +labeled O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +, O +tritiated O +5 O +- O +hydroxyindole O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +, O +when O +monoamine O +oxidase O +( O +MAO O +) O +was O +inhibited O +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +o I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucuronide I-Chemical +were O +found O +in O +the O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +uptake O +of O +tritiated O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +by O +the O +fetal O +ileum O +was O +due O +to O +a O +single O +, O +saturable O +, O +temperature O +sensitive O +( O +Q10 O +at O +27 O +- O +37 O +degress O +C O += O +2 O +. O +4 O +) O +process O +inhibited O +by O +ouabain B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Light O +and O +electron O +microscope O +radioautography O +revealed O +that O +the O +uptake O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +was O +primarily O +into O +axons O +and O +a O +characteristic O +structure O +called O +the O +expanded O +process O +, O +both O +in O +the O +myenteric O +plexus O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +12 O +, O +000 O +dalton O +proteins O +of O +neurons O +L11 O +and O +R15 O +of O +the O +Aplysia O +abdominal O +ganglion O +were O +labeled O +by O +incubation O +of O +the O +ganglion O +in O +[ O +3H O +] O +leucine B-Chemical +and O +compared O +in O +terms O +of O +their O +subcellular O +localization O +, O +solubility O +in O +various O +media O +, O +and O +molecular O +charge O +. O + +aps B-category +Elevation O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +in O +sympathetic O +neurons O +after O +reserpine B-Chemical +: O +the O +role O +of O +the O +central O +nervous O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Consequences O +of O +the O +administration O +of O +alpha O +or O +beta O +drenolytic O +agents O +on O +the O +mobilization O +of O +plasma O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +as O +induced O +by O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +in O +the O +dog O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +effect O +is O +abolished O +by O +administration O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +( O +beta O +blocking O +agent O +) O +but O +not O +by O +phentolamine B-Chemical +( O +alpha O +blocking O +agent O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +alpha O +blocking O +drug O +supress O +the O +fall O +of O +FFA O +induced O +by O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +a O +sympathomimetic O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +cat O +, O +the O +broncho O +- O +dilatator O +effects O +of O +salbutamol B-Chemical +and O +terbutaline B-Chemical +are O +influenced O +by O +blood O +pH O +variations O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +3 O +- O +isopropyl O +( O +I O +) O +, O +3 O +- O +cyclohexyl O +( O +II O +) O +and O +3 O +- O +phenyl O +( O +III O +) O +analogs O +of O +the O +new O +antipsychotic O +drug O +butaclamol O +, O +which O +contains O +a O +3 O +- O +tertiary O +butyl O +group O +, O +and O +their O +respective O +( O ++ O +) O +- O +enantiomers O +, O +but O +not O +( O +- O +) O +- O +enantiomers O +, O +caused O +a O +dose O +related O +elevation O +of O +rat O +striatal O +homovanillic O +acid O +concentration O +, O +indicative O +of O +an O +increased O +dopamine B-Chemical +( O +DA O +) O +turnover O +; O +droperidol B-Chemical +also O +exhibited O +this O +activity O +. 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O + +aps B-category +At O +considerably O +higher O +doses O +( O ++ O +) O +- O +butaclamol O +antagonized O +epinephrine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +mortality O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +acidity O +, O +cations O +and O +alcoholic O +fractionation O +on O +absorption O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +from O +gastrointestinal O +tract O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +most O +drugs O +, O +more O +heparin B-Chemical +was O +absorbed O +from O +the O +stomach O +than O +from O +the O +intestine O +. O + +aps B-category +Heparin B-Chemical +was O +separated O +with O +ethanol B-Chemical +into O +five O +molecular O +weight O +fraction O +: O +I O +, O +17 O +999 O +; O +II O +, O +13 O +i99 O +; O +III O +, O +10800 O +, O +IV O +, O +8 O +700 O +; O +and O +V O +, O +6 O +700 O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +administered O +in O +distilled O +water O +instead O +of O +in O +citric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +this O +heparin B-Chemical +fraction O +did O +not O +produce O +an O +anticoagulant O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +2 O +, O +was O +purified O +by O +salting O +out O +with O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +and O +by O +chromatography O +on O +a O +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +column O +and O +twice O +on O +a O +Sephadex O +G O +- O +200 O +column O +. O + +aps B-category +Amendment O +with O +malate B-Chemical +of O +acid O +soils O +was O +not O +very O +effective O +in O +increasing O +nitrogenase O +( O +N2 O +- O +ase O +) O +activity O +, O +but O +in O +two O +soils O +with O +pH O +above O +6 O +. O +4 O +, O +high O +N2 O +- O +ase O +activity O +was O +obtained O +after O +16 O +to O +48 O +h O +of O +incubation O +. 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O + +aps B-category +This O +enrichment O +culture O +converted O +up O +to O +10 O +mmol O +of O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +per O +litre O +per O +day O +at O +35 O +degrees O +C O +and O +did O +not O +use O +hydrogen B-Chemical +or O +formic O +acid O +in O +appreciable O +amounts O +as O +substrate O +for O +methane O +production O +instead O +of O +, O +or O +in O +addition O +to O +, O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +conversion O +was O +independent O +of O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +concentration O +between O +0 O +. O +2 O +and O +100 O +mM O +, O +but O +dropped O +markedly O +at O +concentrations O +below O +0 O +. O +2 O +mM O +. O + +aps B-category +Citrate B-Chemical +and O +malate B-Chemical +were O +poorer O +sources O +of O +exogenous O +carbon B-Chemical +than O +several O +hexose O +, O +pentose O +, O +or O +disaccharide O +sugars O +for O +supporting O +macroconidial O +germination O +by O +Fusarium O +solani O +at O +high O +conidial O +density O +( O +1 O +X O +10 O +( O +5 O +) O +condia O +/ O +ml O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Mostly O +immature O +chlamydospores O +were O +formed O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +citrate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +citrate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +buffered O +, O +low O +pH O +( O +4 O +. O +0 O +) O +medium O +of O +Cochrane O +induced O +more O +immature O +chlamydospore O +formation O +by O +F O +. O +solani O +than O +a O +pH O +6 O +. O +0 O +medium O +, O +but O +few O +mature O +chlamydospores O +were O +formed O +in O +either O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Phenylalanine I-Chemical +was O +actively O +transported O +by O +conidia O +of O +Fusarium O +sulphurenum O +Schlect O +( O +isolate O +1 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Sucrose O +repressed O +uptake O +of O +phenylalanine O +and O +this O +repression O +was O +largely O +negated O +by O +cycloheximide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +preferred O +substrates O +for O +methane O +production O +are O +hydrogen B-Chemical +, O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +, O +and O +formate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hepatic O +nuclear O +fraction O +isolated O +from O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylcholanthrene I-Chemical +( O +MC O +) O +- O +treated O +rats O +contained O +enhanced O +levels O +of O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +and O +aryl O +hydrocarbon O +hydroxylase O +[ O +benzo O +( O +a O +) O +pyrene O +( O +BP O +) O +monooxygenase O +] O +, O +whereas O +the O +activities O +of O +epoxide O +hydrase O +and O +reduced O +nicotinamide B-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +dinucleotide I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +c O +reductase O +and O +the O +concentration O +of O +cytochrome O +b5 O +were O +not O +altered O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +nuclei O +from O +control O +rats O +, O +the O +nuclear O +fraction O +from O +MC O +- O +treated O +rats O +showed O +an O +increase O +in O +bound O +radioactivity O +when O +incubated O +with O +a O +microsome O +- O +free O +supernatant O +, O +obtained O +by O +incubating O +microsomes O +from O +MC O +- O +treated O +rats O +with O +[ O +3H O +] O +BP O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +( O +7 O +/ O +8 O +, O +9 O +) O +- O +trihydroxy O +- O +7 O +, O +8 O +, O +9 O +, O +10 O +, O +10 O +- O +pentahydrobenzo O +( O +a O +) O +pyrene O +is O +formed O +from O +the O +diol O +- O +epoxide O +r O +- O +7 O +, O +t O +- O +8 O +- O +dihydroxy O +- O +t O +- O +9 O +, O +10 O +- O +oxy O +- O +7 O +, O +8 O +, O +9 O +, O +10 O +- O +tetrahydroxybenzo O +( O +a O +) O +pyrene O +by O +reduction O +with O +reduced O +nicotinamide B-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +dinucleotide I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +( O +7 O +, O +9 O +/ O +8 O +) O +- O +trihydroxy O +- O +7 O +, O +8 O +, O +9 O +, O +10 O +, O +10 O +- O +pentahydrobenzo O +( O +a O +) O +pyrene O +is O +similarly O +formed O +from O +the O +diol O +- O +epoxide O +r O +- O +7 O +, O +t O +- O +8 O +- O +dihydroxy O +- O +c O +- O +9 O +, O +10 O +- O +oxy O +- O +7 O +, O +8 O +, O +9 O +, O +10 O +- O +tetrahydrobenzo O +( O +a O +) O +pyrene O +by O +reduction O +with O +reduced O +nicotinamide B-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +dinucleotide I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +objective O +of O +this O +investigation O +was O +to O +throw O +light O +on O +the O +biological O +behavior O +and O +metabolic O +regulation O +of O +hepatic O +enzymes O +of O +the O +nonoxidative O +branch O +of O +the O +pentose B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +pathway O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +the O +transketolase O +substrates O +, O +ribose O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +and O +xylulose O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +, O +the O +apparent O +Km O +values O +were O +0 O +. O +3 O +and O +0 O +. O +5 O +mM O +, O +respectively O +, O +in O +both O +liver O +and O +hepatoma O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +demonstration O +of O +increased O +transaldolase O +activity O +in O +hepatomas O +, O +irrespective O +of O +the O +degree O +of O +tumor O +malignancy O +, O +differentiation O +, O +or O +growth O +rate O +, O +suggests O +that O +the O +reprogramming O +of O +gene O +expression O +in O +malignant O +transformation O +is O +linked O +with O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +expression O +of O +this O +pentose B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +pathway O +enzyme O +. O +. O +. O + +aps B-category +tRNA O +precursor O +molecules O +from O +both O +E O +. O +coli O +and O +KB O +cells O +are O +cleaved O +by O +this O +novel O +activity O +to O +produce O +5 O +' O +phosphate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +terminated I-Chemical +oligonucleotides O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +extracellular O +and O +intracellular O +potassium B-Chemical +( O +K O ++ O +) O +activities O +of O +isolated O +superfused O +rabbit O +atrial O +muscle O +were O +measured O +using O +K O ++ O +- O +sensitive O +liquid O +ion O +exchanger O +microelectrodes O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +physiological O +disposition O +of O +a O +new O +saluretic O +- O +uricosuric O +agent O +, O +( O +6 O +, O +7 O +- O +dichloro O +- O +2 O +- O +methyl O +- O +1 O +- O +oxo O +- O +2 O +- O +phenyl O +- O +5 O +- O +indanyloxy O +) O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +MK O +- O +196 O +) O +, O +was O +studied O +in O +the O +rat O +, O +dog O +, O +and O +monkey O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +secretion O +of O +methadone B-Chemical +and O +its O +major O +metabolite O +in O +the O +gastric O +juice O +of O +humans O +: O +comparison O +with O +blood O +and O +salivary O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +concentration O +of O +methadone B-Chemical +in O +blood O +was O +compared O +with O +that O +in O +the O +gastric O +juice O +obtained O +over O +8 O +hr O +by O +continuous O +low O +- O +pressure O +suction O +via O +a O +nasogastric O +tube O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +greater O +recovery O +of O +methadone B-Chemical +from O +the O +addicts O +appears O +to O +be O +the O +result O +of O +the O +larger O +volume O +of O +gastric O +juice O +recovered O +from O +the O +latter O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +N O +- O +monodemethylated O +metabolite O +of O +methadone B-Chemical +was O +identified O +in O +the O +gastric O +juice O +of O +addicts O +by O +gas O +chromatography O +and O +mass O +spectrometry O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +barbiturates O +were O +the O +most O +commonly O +used O +antianxiety O +agents O +until O +recently O +but O +are O +being O +superseded O +by O +the O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Tricyclic O +antidepressants B-Chemical +are O +the O +treatment O +of O +choice O +in O +anxious O +and O +depressed O +patients O +and O +monoamine O +oxidase O +inhibitors O +may O +be O +helpful O +in O +phobic O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Red O +cell O +hemoglobin O +, O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +and O +electrolyte O +concentrations O +during O +exercise O +in O +trained O +and O +untrained O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +Binding O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +to O +alpha O +- O +hemocyanin O +and O +beta O +- O +hemocyanin O +from O +Helix O +pomatia O +. O + +aps B-category +Homotropic O +interactions O +upon O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +binding O +were O +much O +weaker O +than O +upon O +the O +binding O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +For O +alpha O +- O +hemocyanin O +a O +linkage O +has O +been O +observed O +between O +the O +binding O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +and O +a O +change O +in O +quaternary O +structure O +of O +the O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +cyclic O +- O +AMP O +- O +dependent O +phosphorylation O +on O +the O +activity O +of O +isolated O +pig O +liver O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +was O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Likewise O +, O +the O +requirement O +for O +potassium B-Chemical +was O +unaffected O +, O +whereas O +the O +phosphoenzyme O +required O +a O +higher O +concentration O +of O +magnesium B-Chemical +ions O +for O +maximal O +activity O +, O +compared O +with O +the O +control O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +corresponding O +values O +with O +alanine B-Chemical +were O +1 O +. O +3 O +mM O +and O +1 O +. O +9 O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +method O +was O +developed O +for O +the O +calculation O +of O +metabolic O +fluxes O +through O +individual O +enzymatic O +reactions O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +metabolism O +including O +the O +citric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +cycle O +in O +rat O +liver O +mitochondrial O +incubated O +at O +metabolic O +states O +between O +state O +4 O +and O +state O +3 O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +this O +procedure O +the O +energy O +balance O +of O +mitochondria O +incubated O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +[ O +2 O +- O +14C O +] O +pyruvate B-Chemical +, O +ATP O +, O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +and O +phosphate B-Chemical +at O +different O +ATP O +/ O +ADP O +ratios O +in O +the O +medium O +was O +calculated O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +calculations O +revealed O +that O +by O +adding O +increasing O +concentrations O +of O +creatine B-Chemical +up O +to O +20 O +mM O +the O +energy O +dissipated O +by O +the O +mitochondria O +decreased O +but O +showed O +a O +local O +maximum O +at O +13mM O +creatine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +General O +properties O +, O +substrate O +specificity O +and O +inhibition O +by O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactam I-Chemical +antibiotics O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +conditions O +for O +optimum O +activity O +, O +temperature O +- O +inactivation O +, O +temperature O +- O +dependence O +of O +the O +activity O +, O +carboxyl O +donor O +specificity O +, O +sensitivity O +to O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactam I-Chemical +antibiotics O +, O +and O +insensitivity O +to O +potential O +peptide O +inhibitors O +of O +both O +enzyme O +activities O +, O +was O +identical O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibition O +by O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactam I-Chemical +antibiotic O +was O +reversible O +for O +both O +enzymic O +activities O +and O +the O +time O +- O +dependence O +for O +their O +recovery O +was O +identical O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +found O +that O +addition O +of O +a O +nucleophile O +, O +such O +as O +methanol O +, O +led O +to O +the O +partition O +of O +the O +common O +acyl O +- O +enzyme O +intermediate O +between O +water O +and O +the O +alcohol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Hepatic O +and O +tumor O +proteins O +reactive O +with O +tyrosine B-Chemical +transaminase O +- O +- O +specific O +rabbit O +antiserum O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +concentration O +of O +15 O +of O +the O +19 O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +determined O +were O +significantly O +increased O +in O +blood O +and O +the O +increases O +were O +greatest O +for O +the O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +concerned O +with O +neurotransmitter O +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +plasma O +concentrations O +of O +the O +branched O +chain O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +were O +normal O +except O +in O +those O +patients O +who O +subsequently O +recovered O +in O +whom O +levels O +were O +slightly O +decreased O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +increase O +in O +tryptophan B-Chemical +was O +associated O +with O +a O +significant O +elevation O +in O +brain O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +concentration O +suggesting O +an O +increase O +in O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +turnover O +in O +hepatic O +coma O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +for O +the O +branched O +chain O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +cerebrospinal O +fluid O +and O +brain O +concentrations O +were O +increased O +when O +plasma O +concentrations O +were O +normal O +suggesting O +an O +increase O +in O +brain O +uptake O +. O + +aps B-category +Preparations O +of O +various O +immunogenic O +( O +Type O +3 O +pneumococcal O +polysaccharide O +( O +SIII O +) O +, O +levan O +, O +E O +. O +coli O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +) O +and O +nonimmunogenic O +( O +hyaluronic O +acid O +and O +poly B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +) O +polymers O +were O +tested O +for O +their O +ability O +to O +act O +as O +polyclonal O +mitogens O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +serum O +- O +free O +medium O +, O +and O +using O +high O +specific O +activity O +[ O +3H O +] O +thymidine B-Chemical +, O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +, O +levan O +, O +SIII O +and O +to O +a O +lesser O +degree O +hyaluronic O +acid O +induced O +significant O +thymidine B-Chemical +incorporation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +different O +degrees O +of O +conjugation O +of O +levan O +, O +dextran B-Chemical +, O +pneumococcal O +polysaccharide O +SIII O +and O +the O +copolymer O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +D O +- O +lysine O +with O +the O +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +dinitrophenyl O +determinant O +( O +DNP O +) O +on O +the O +immunogenic O +and O +tolerogenic O +capacity O +of O +its O +haptenic O +conjugates O +was O +investigated O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +other O +antipsychotic O +agents O +( O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +, O +haloperidol B-Chemical +and O +pimozide O +) O +did O +not O +inhibit O +raphe O +cell O +firing O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +depressant O +effects O +of O +certain O +antipsychotic O +drugs O +and O +piperoxane O +on O +5HT O +neurons O +appears O +to O +be O +mediated O +by O +a O +cnetral O +adrenergic O +system O +since O +( O +1 O +) O +the O +depression O +could O +be O +reversed O +by O +the O +catecholamine B-Chemical +releasing O +agents O +1 O +- O +and O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +; O +( O +2 O +) O +the O +depression O +could O +be O +abolished O +by O +destruction O +of O +adrenergic O +pathways O +in O +the O +CNS O +by O +chemical O +, O +mechanical O +, O +or O +electrothermic O +lesions O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +examined O +the O +effects O +of O +two O +inhibitory O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +transmitters O +( O +GABA B-Chemical +and O +glycine B-Chemical +) O +for O +possible O +effects O +on O +dorsal O +raphe O +cell O +firing O +using O +single O +cell O +recording O +and O +microiontophoretic O +techniques O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +GABA B-Chemical +and O +glycine B-Chemical +were O +found O +to O +inhibit O +raphe O +cell O +firing O +selectively O +, O +allowing O +for O +a O +possible O +neurotransmitter O +function O +for O +these O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +within O +the O +dorsal O +raphe O +nucleus O +. O + +aps B-category +Based O +on O +these O +results O +, O +we O +propose O +that O +the O +adrenergic O +input O +may O +influence O +5HT O +neurons O +indirectly O +via O +a O +GABAergic O +interneuron O +or O +interposed O +GABA B-Chemical +neuron O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +three O +enzymes O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +metabolism O +alcohol B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +, O +aldehyde B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +and O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +synthetase O +in O +the O +obligate O +aerobic O +yeast O +Rhodotorula O +gracilis O +are O +repressed O +by O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +induced O +by O +C2 O +metabolic O +fuels O +with O +a O +regulatory O +pattern O +indicating O +a O +correlation O +in O +the O +control O +mechanisms O +. O + +aps B-category +Results O +indicate O +that O +ethanol B-Chemical +is O +not O +specifically O +required O +as O +a O +molecular O +signal O +for O +induction O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibitory O +effects O +of O +the O +pyrazine O +derivative O +, O +amiloride B-Chemical +, O +on O +sodium B-Chemical +transport O +in O +an O +amphibian O +epithelium O +has O +been O +studied O +as O +a O +function O +of O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +bilateral O +oophorectomy O +and O +peroral O +estradiol B-Chemical +valerate O +therapy O +on O +serum O +lipids O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +diagnosis O +of O +pregnancy O +initiated O +regular O +assays O +of O +urinary O +estrogen B-Chemical +and O +pregnanediol O +excretion O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +use O +of O +tranexamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +AMCA B-Chemical +) O +in O +IUDs O +as O +an O +anti O +- O +bleeding O +agent O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +neurosecretory O +and O +chromaffin O +granules O +, O +renin O +granules O +were O +stabilized O +by O +Mg O +- O +ATP O +in O +ionic O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +seven O +barbiturates O +( O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +, O +three O +N O +- O +phenylbarbiturates O +and O +three O +N O +- O +cyclohexylbarbiturates O +) O +on O +the O +hepatic O +cytoplasmic O +organic O +anion O +- O +binding O +proteins O +, O +Y O +and O +Z O +, O +were O +investigated O +in O +an O +attempt O +to O +observe O +the O +structure O +- O +activity O +relationship O +of O +baributrates O +to O +induction O +and O +reduction O +of O +these O +two O +proteins O +. O + +aps B-category +BSP O +- O +binding O +capacity O +of O +the O +Zprotein O +tended O +to O +be O +decreased O +by O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +and O +phetharbital O +, O +but O +to O +be O +increased O +by O +bucolome O +. O + +aps B-category +Bucolome O +and O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +increased O +the O +percent O +of O +SAMG O +in O +patients O +with O +various O +liver O +diseases O +. O + +aps B-category +And O +the O +difference O +between O +two O +methods O +could O +be O +explained O +from O +the O +fact O +that O +some O +volume O +of O +secreted O +acid O +escaped O +into O +the O +duodenum O +before O +being O +neutralized O +by O +potassium B-Chemical +bicarbonate B-Chemical +, O +and O +that O +some O +of O +gastric O +juice O +remained O +not O +aspirated O +in O +the O +stomach O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +interaction O +of O +angiotensin B-Chemical +with O +its O +receptor O +has O +been O +studied O +on O +the O +basis O +of O +the O +tachyphylaxis O +shown O +by O +the O +rat O +uterus O +towards O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +when O +pH O +and O +Ca2 O ++ O +concentration O +are O +below O +physiological O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +with O +alkylating O +( O +affinity O +labeled O +) O +angiotensin B-Chemical +derivatives O +containing O +the O +N O +- O +mustard O +chlorambucil B-Chemical +suggest O +a O +" O +Charnière O +type O +" O +inhibition O +at O +the O +Ca O +- O +binding O +site O +of O +receptor O +and O +an O +irreversible O +inhibition O +at O +an O +anionic O +site O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +obtained O +lead B-Chemical +to O +a O +logical O +model O +for O +the O +angiotensin B-Chemical +receptor O +allowing O +for O +normal O +activation O +by O +the O +hormone O +as O +well O +as O +for O +production O +of O +tachyphylaxis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytriptamine I-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +) O +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +blocking O +agents O +, O +morphine B-Chemical +, O +narcotic O +- O +antagonists O +and O +ganglionic O +blocking O +agents O +were O +tested O +in O +the O +dog O +intestine O +by O +close O +intra O +- O +arterial O +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +was O +injected O +immediately O +after O +cessation O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +induced O +phasic O +contractions O +, O +a O +significant O +potentiation O +of O +the O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +induced O +intestinal O +contraction O +could O +be O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +blocking O +agents O +like O +LSD O +, O +BOL O +, O +and O +cyproheptadine B-Chemical +did O +not O +block O +either O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +or O +morphine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +and O +morphine B-Chemical +upon O +intestinal O +motility O +were O +also O +diminished O +by O +ganglionic O +depolarizing O +agents O +such O +as O +nicotine B-Chemical +and O +DMPP O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +seem O +to O +confirm O +the O +hypothesis O +of O +a O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +mediator O +role O +in O +the O +intestinal O +contractile O +effect O +induced O +by O +the O +narcotic O +- O +analgesics O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclazocine O +also O +showed O +a O +long O +lasting O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +blocking O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +study O +of O +the O +in O +vitro O +accumulation O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +that O +a O +state O +of O +rapid O +equilibrium O +was O +reached O +for O +subcellular O +particles O +from O +cortex O +, O +midbrain O +and O +hindbrain O +of O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +accumulation O +of O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +by O +subcellular O +fractions O +in O +vitro O +may O +be O +associated O +with O +solubility O +in O +membranes O +and O +that O +the O +picture O +may O +be O +complicated O +by O +the O +presence O +of O +breakdown O +products O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fact O +of O +influence O +of O +microsome O +protein O +activator O +( O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +) O +on O +the O +NM O +mutagen O +activation O +effect O +is O +established O +. O + +aps B-category +Lidocaine B-Chemical +or O +diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical +are O +of O +little O +use O +, O +since O +the O +alkaline O +pH O +inside O +and O +outside O +heart O +muscle O +cells O +hampers O +drug O +distribution O +and O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Arrhythmias O +may O +develop O +if O +vagal O +restraint O +is O +lost O +, O +which O +is O +especially O +likely O +in O +patients O +with O +potassium B-Chemical +depletion O +. O + +aps B-category +Many O +tranquilizers O +, O +antihistaminics O +and O +antidepressants B-Chemical +, O +which O +are O +known O +to O +have O +the O +greatest O +number O +of O +adverse O +reactions O +in O +clinical O +use O +, O +had O +a O +lytic O +effect O +on O +the O +particle O +membranes O +at O +concentrations O +above O +2 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +. O +The O +present O +study O +revealed O +a O +good O +correlation O +between O +the O +p O +. O +o O +. O + +aps B-category +Shapes O +of O +the O +contractions O +induced O +by O +K O +, O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +( O +AHc O +) O +, O +histamine B-Chemical +and O +Ba O +consisted O +of O +the O +phasic O +contraction O +( O +PC O +) O +and O +the O +subsequent O +tonic O +contraction O +( O +TC O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +TCs O +by O +K O +, O +ACh O +and O +histamine B-Chemical +are O +maintained O +by O +the O +active O +influx O +of O +Ca O +, O +whereas O +that O +by O +Ba O +is O +maintained O +by O +the O +active O +influx O +and O +the O +release O +of O +Ca O +. O + +aps B-category +Based O +on O +the O +influence O +of O +high O +K O +- O +depolarizing O +bath O +solution O +on O +the O +relaxations O +by O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +( O +Iso O +) O +and O +papaverine B-Chemical +( O +Pap O +) O +and O +the O +effects O +of O +Iso O +and O +Pap O +on O +the O +shapes O +of O +contractions O +by O +K O +, O +ACh O +, O +Ba O +and O +exogenous O +Ca O +, O +the O +following O +assumptions O +were O +made O +: O +antispasmodic O +action O +of O +Iso O +is O +produced O +by O +inhibition O +of O +cell O +membrane O +( O +inhibition O +of O +release O +and O +influx O +of O +Ca O +) O +, O +whereas O +that O +by O +Pap O +is O +due O +to O +this O +inhibition O +followed O +by O +inhibition O +of O +the O +muscle O +contractile O +system O +with O +the O +increase O +of O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +DB O +inhibited O +to O +much O +the O +same O +degree O +the O +phasic O +contraction O +( O +PC O +) O +and O +tonic O +contraction O +( O +TC O +) O +by O +histamine B-Chemical +, O +whereas O +it O +inhibited O +TC O +in O +preference O +to O +PC O +induced O +by O +ACh O +, O +K O +and O +Ba O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +indicate O +that O +the O +antagonism O +of O +DB O +and O +its O +irreversibility O +against O +histamine B-Chemical +may O +be O +due O +to O +blockade O +of O +the O +histaminergic O +receptor O +, O +whereas O +those O +against O +ACh O +, O +K O +and O +Ba O +may O +be O +due O +to O +inhibition O +of O +the O +Ca O +- O +site O +. O + +aps B-category +Insulin O +( O +5 O +U O +/ O +kg O +) O +injected O +intravenously O +, O +simultaneously O +with O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +14C I-Chemical +tracer O +, O +increased O +the O +amount O +of O +14C O +found O +in O +liver O +lipids O +at O +30 O +min O +after O +the O +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +homogenate O +of O +chicken O +pituitaries O +added O +to O +the O +medium O +reduced O +lipid O +synthesis O +from O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +14C I-Chemical +by O +liver O +slices O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +lithium B-Chemical +on O +inducible O +enzymes O +of O +rat O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cortisol B-Chemical +induction O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +transaminase O +is O +increased O +selectively O +over O +that O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +oxygenase O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +indicate O +that O +lithium B-Chemical +may O +alter O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +metabolic O +set O +- O +point O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +tenfold O +molar O +excess O +of O +1 O +H O +- O +diazotetrazole O +( O +2 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +) O +at O +pH O +5 O +. O +5 O +abolishes O +the O +catalytic O +activity O +of O +the O +enzyme O +while O +modifying O +only O +two O +tryptophan B-Chemical +residues O +. O + +aps B-category +2 O +) O +With O +a O +40 O +- O +fold O +molar O +excess O +of O +N O +- O +bromosuccinimide O +( O +8 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +) O +at O +pH O +5 O +. O +0 O +, O +two O +tryptophan B-Chemical +residues O +of O +the O +enzyme O +were O +oxidized O +with O +complete O +loss O +of O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Under O +more O +drastic O +conditions O +, O +lysine O +, O +tyrosine B-Chemical +and O +histidine O +residues O +are O +also O +modified O +by O +the O +reagents O +. O + +aps B-category +Within O +the O +course O +of O +one O +perfusion O +, O +the O +rate O +of O +RNA O +release O +can O +be O +repeatedly O +altered O +by O +variation O +of O +temperature O +, O +acidity O +and O +concentrations O +of O +nucleoside B-Chemical +triphosphates O +, O +complexing O +agents O +, O +sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +and O +manganese O +chloride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +p O +- O +chloromercuribenzoate O +, O +after O +an O +initial O +stimulation O +, O +causes O +inhibition O +of O +RNA O +release O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hydroxylation O +at O +C O +- O +2 O +of O +testosterone B-Chemical +and O +5alpha O +- O +dihydrotestosterone O +is O +measured O +by O +isolation O +of O +HTO O +after O +incubating O +" O +metabolically O +labile O +" O +tritium O +labeled O +steroids B-Chemical +with O +the O +enzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +loaded I-Chemical +, O +lysosomes O +. O + +aps B-category +Moreover O +, O +further O +metabolism O +by O +epoxide O +hydratase O +does O +not O +lead B-Chemical +to O +produce O +contributing O +to O +the O +mutagenicity O +observed O +with O +the O +tester O +strain O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +study O +has O +been O +made O +of O +the O +time O +courses O +of O +the O +pupillary O +and O +intraocular O +pressure O +responses O +of O +conscious O +rabbits O +to O +clonidine B-Chemical +administered O +either O +topically O +or O +intravenously O +. O + +aps B-category +Intravenous O +administration O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +caused O +an O +immediate O +and O +large O +decrease O +of O +intraocular O +pressure O +in O +both O +eyes O +. O + +aps B-category +Locally O +applied O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +, O +carbachol B-Chemical +, O +and O +oxotremorine O +gave O +concentration O +- O +related O +reduction O +in O +pressure O +, O +oxotremorine O +being O +the O +most O +potent O +and O +having O +longer O +duration O +of O +effect O +than O +the O +other O +compounds O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +should O +be O +tried O +before O +resorting O +to O +steroid B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Significantly O +high O +pH O +and O +PO2 O +and O +significantly O +lower O +PCO2 O +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +values O +were O +found O +in O +the O +excited O +deer O +, O +when O +compared O +with O +the O +unexcited O +deer O +. O + +aps B-category +Ammonia B-Chemical +toxicity O +in O +cattle O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +although O +they O +grow O +normally O +on O +high O +concentrations O +of O +ammonium B-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +( O +greater O +than O +1 O +mM O +) O +as O +nitrogen B-Chemical +source O +, O +they O +grow O +substantially O +more O +slowly O +than O +wild O +type O +at O +low O +concentrations O +( O +less O +than O +1 O +mM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +specific O +biochemical O +lesion O +in O +strains O +with O +a O +nit O +mutation O +is O +not O +known O +; O +however O +, O +mutant O +strains O +have O +no O +detectable O +alteration O +in O +the O +activities O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +, O +glutamate B-Chemical +synthetase O +, O +or O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +, O +the O +enzymes O +known O +to O +be O +involved O +in O +assimilation O +of O +ammonia B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Size O +and O +transforming O +activity O +of O +deoxyribonucleic O +acid O +in O +Diplococcus O +pneumoniae O +during O +thymidine B-Chemical +starvation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +decrease O +in O +transforming O +activity O +of O +lysates O +from O +starved O +cells O +as O +a O +function O +of O +the O +size O +of O +DNA O +particles O +, O +measured O +by O +centrifugation O +in O +neutral O +and O +alkaline O +sucrose B-Chemical +gradients O +, O +does O +not O +follow O +the O +kinetics O +observed O +after O +enzymatic O +degradation O +of O +DNA O +of O +unstarved O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Carbon O +and O +ammonia B-Chemical +metabolism O +of O +Spirillum O +lipoferum O +. O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +, O +galactose B-Chemical +, O +fructose O +, O +acetate O +, O +and O +citrate B-Chemical +did O +not O +increase O +the O +rate O +of O +O2 O +uptake O +by O +cells O +above O +the O +endogenous O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +Nitrogenase O +synthesis O +repressed O +by O +growth O +of O +cells O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +NH O ++ O +/ O +4 O +was O +derepressed O +by O +methionine B-Chemical +sulfoximine O +or O +methionine B-Chemical +sulfone O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +total O +glutamate B-Chemical +synthetase O +activity O +from O +N2 O +- O +grown O +S O +. O +lipoferum O +was O +1 O +. O +4 O +to O +2 O +. O +6 O +times O +that O +from O +NH O ++ O +/ O +4 O +- O +grown O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Loss O +of O +photosystem O +II O +by O +dark O +incubation O +, O +or O +inhibition O +of O +light O +- O +grown O +cells O +with O +the O +photosystem O +II O +- O +specific O +inhibitor O +dichlorophenylmethylurea O +, O +caused O +an O +80 O +to O +90 O +% O +reduction O +in O +the O +rate O +of O +lipid O +and O +total O +ribonucleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesis O +, O +and O +more O +than O +a O +90 O +% O +reduction O +in O +the O +rate O +of O +protein O +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +14C O +( O +from O +14CO2 O +and O +/ O +or O +[ O +14C O +] O +glucose B-Chemical +) O +assimilated O +into O +protein O +by O +heterotrophically O +grown O +cells O +was O +found O +in O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +nearly O +the O +same O +proportions O +as O +in O +photosynthetically O +grown O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +concentration O +of O +reduced O +nicotinamide B-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +dinucleotide I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +was O +higher O +in O +heterotrophic O +( O +dark O +) O +cells O +than O +in O +photosynthetic O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Analysis O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +in O +cell O +extracts O +showed O +that O +the O +enzyme O +was O +very O +sensitive O +to O +product O +inhibition O +by O +reduced O +nicotinamide O +adenine O +dinucleotide O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +subunit O +molecular O +weight O +of O +59 O +, O +000 O +was O +calculated O +from O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +gels O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +photosynthetic O +bacterium O +Rhodopseudomonas O +capsulata O +lacks O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +and O +normally O +uses O +the O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +/ O +glutamate B-Chemical +synthase O +sequence O +of O +reactions O +for O +assimilation O +of O +N2 O +and O +ammonia B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +X O +- O +ray O +crystallographic O +studies O +show O +that O +O O +( O +6 O +) O +and O +O O +( O +3 O +) O +of O +GlcNAc O +at O +subsite O +C O +are O +hydrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bonded I-Chemical +to O +the O +indole O +NH O +' O +s O +of O +Trp O +62 O +and O +Trp O +63 O +, O +respectively O +, O +but O +the O +above O +results O +indicate O +that O +Trp O +63 O +, O +not O +Trp O +62 O +, O +is O +important O +for O +the O +interaction O +of O +GlcNAc O +with O +lysozyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +CD O +features O +completely O +disappeared O +on O +reduction O +of O +the O +disulfide O +groups O +, O +and O +converged O +into O +a O +single O +negative O +extremum O +at O +270 O +nm O +when O +the O +groups O +were O +modified O +to O +form O +mixed O +disulfides O +with O +glutathione B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +As O +a O +model O +study O +to O +investigate O +the O +binding O +mechanism O +between O +thyroid O +hormones O +and O +carrier O +protein O +, O +the O +interaction O +of O +diiodo B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +( O +DIT O +) O +and O +triiodophenol O +( O +I3phi O +) O +with O +bovine O +serum O +albumin O +( O +BSA O +) O +was O +investigated O +by O +circular O +dichroism O +( O +CD O +) O +and O +fluorescence O +methods O +. O + +aps B-category +Angiotensin B-Chemical +I O +- O +converting O +enzyme O +[ O +EC O +3 O +. O +4 O +. O +15 O +. O +1 O +] O +was O +rapidly O +and O +highly O +purified O +from O +a O +particulate O +fraction O +of O +hog O +kidney O +cortex O +with O +13 O +% O +yield O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +was O +activated O +more O +by O +chloride B-Chemical +ions O +than O +by O +other O +halide O +ions O +tested O +, O +using O +Bz O +- O +Gly O +- O +Gly O +- O +Gly O +as O +a O +substrate O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +found O +that O +l O +/ O +tau O +is O +dependent O +on O +BBA O +concentration O +, O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +the O +case O +of O +the O +alpha O +- O +chymotrypsin O +[ O +EC O +3 O +. O +4 O +. O +21 O +. O +1 O +] O +- O +BBA O +system O +in O +which O +l O +/ O +tau O +is O +independent O +of O +BBA O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparative O +studies O +have O +been O +made O +on O +the O +effects O +of O +diazoacetyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +DL I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +norleucine I-Chemical +methyl O +ester O +( O +DAN O +) O +, O +1 O +, O +2 O +- O +epoxy O +- O +3 O +- O +( O +p O +- O +nitrophenoxy O +) O +propane O +( O +EPNP O +) O +and O +pepstatin O +on O +acid O +proteases O +, O +including O +those O +from O +Acrocylindrium O +sp O +. O +, O +Aspergillus O +niger O +, O +Aspergillus O +saitoi O +, O +Mucor O +pusillus O +, O +Paecilomyces O +varioti O +, O +Rhizopus O +chinensis O +, O +and O +Trametes O +sanguinea O +, O +and O +also O +porcine O +pepsin O +[ O +EC O +3 O +. O +4 O +. O +23 O +. O +1 O +] O +and O +calf O +rennin O +[ O +EC O +3 O +. O +4 O +. O +23 O +. O +4 O +] O +for O +comparative O +purposes O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +the O +stimulatory O +effects O +of O +retinol O +derivatives O +on O +the O +esterase O +activity O +revealed O +that O +retinyl B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +was O +the O +most O +active O +, O +being O +sustantially O +similar O +in O +effect O +to O +retinol O +; O +retinal O +was O +fairly O +active O +, O +while O +retinoic O +acid O +, O +retinyl O +palmitate O +, O +and O +beta O +- O +ionone O +were O +far O +less O +active O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +smallest O +light O +chain O +of O +myosin O +, O +g3 O +, O +was O +not O +transferred O +from O +adult O +HMM O +to O +fetal O +myosin O +in O +alkali B-Chemical +( O +pH O +10 O +. O +5 O +) O +under O +conditions O +when O +the O +light O +chains O +dissociated O +from O +myosin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +thyroid O +tumor O +enzyme O +, O +however O +, O +was O +less O +sensitive O +to O +the O +inhibition O +by O +ATP O +and O +by O +citrate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +difference O +in O +citrate B-Chemical +inhibition O +between O +tumor O +and O +normal O +thyroid O +enzyme O +was O +not O +strongly O +affected O +by O +varying O +the O +MgCl2 O +concentration O +up O +to O +10 O +mM O +. O + +aps B-category +Partial O +purification O +and O +characterization O +of O +a O +triglyceride B-Chemical +lipase O +from O +pig O +adipose O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purified O +enzyme O +was O +fully O +active O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +serum O +lipoprotein O +and O +was O +not O +stimulated O +by O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +- O +dependent O +protein O +kinase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +hydrolyzed O +triolein O +to O +oleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +glycerol O +, O +and O +did O +not O +exhibit O +esterase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +on O +the O +regulation O +of O +chloroplast O +NADP O +- O +linked O +glyceraldehyde B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +preincubation O +with O +an O +effector O +( O +ATP O +, O +NADPH B-Chemical +, O +or O +Pi O +) O +the O +activity O +of O +forms O +a O +and O +c O +was O +unaffected O +, O +whereas O +the O +activity O +of O +b O +, O +the O +regulatory O +form O +, O +was O +increased O +10 O +- O +fold O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +addition O +of O +one O +of O +several O +compounds O +as O +a O +second O +effector O +( O +at O +a O +concentration O +which O +itself O +was O +nonactivating O +) O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +first O +effector O +enhanced O +activation O +by O +lowering O +the O +concentration O +of O +the O +first O +effector O +required O +for O +half O +- O +maximal O +activation O +( O +Pi O +constant O +/ O +ATP O +or O +NADPH B-Chemical +varied O +; O +ATP O +or O +NADPH B-Chemical +constant O +/ O +Pi O +varied O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Glyceraldehyde O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +added O +as O +a O +second O +effector O +induced O +contrasting O +changes O +: O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +ATP O +- O +mediated O +activation O +and O +a O +decrease O +in O +the O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +mediated I-Chemical +activation O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +transition O +is O +accompanied O +by O +a O +40 O +- O +to O +50 O +- O +fold O +rise O +in O +the O +incorporation O +of O +[ O +14C O +] O +acetate O +into O +triglyceride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +system O +from O +hamster O +kidney O +was O +purified O +severalfold O +by O +fractionation O +with O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +and O +with O +an O +Ultrogel O +AcA O +- O +34 O +column O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +6 O +- O +lactyl O +- O +7 O +, O +8 O +- O +dihydropterin O +( O +sepiapterin O +) O +was O +converted O +to O +biopterin O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +, O +sepiapterin O +was O +not O +detected O +from O +D O +- O +erythroH2neopterin O +- O +PPP O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Hydroxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetylaminofluorene I-Chemical +( O +N O +- O +OH O +- O +2 O +- O +AAF O +) O +sulfotransferase O +is O +an O +enzyme O +that O +catalyzes O +the O +sulfate O +transfer O +from O +the O +active O +sulfate O +, O +3 O +' O +- O +phosphoadenosine O +5 O +' O +- O +phosphosulfate O +( O +PAPS O +) O +, O +to O +N O +- O +OH O +- O +2 O +- O +AAF O +to O +form O +a O +highly O +reactive O +product O +acetylaminofluorene O +N O +- O +sulfate O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +also O +very O +little O +sulfation O +activity O +toward O +serotonin B-Chemical +and O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +methyl O +ester O +. O + +aps B-category +Thiol O +compounds O +were O +found O +to O +have O +a O +stabilizing O +effect O +and O +thiol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +blocking I-Chemical +reagents O +were O +potent O +inhibitors O +for O +this O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +azido O +nucleosides B-Chemical +with O +iodo O +, O +bromo O +, O +chloro O +, O +or O +fluoro O +substituents O +in O +position O +5 O +neither O +protect O +nor O +sensitize O +thymidylate O +kinase O +to O +ultraviolet O +inactivation O +. O + +aps B-category +Photolysis O +of O +IAzdUrd O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +hydrogen B-Chemical +donor O +yields O +AzdUrd O +which O +upon O +further O +photolysis O +yields O +the O +photohydrate O +. O + +aps B-category +L4 O +for O +human O +fetal O +hemoglobin O +( O +HbF O +) O +in O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffers O +was O +also O +determined O +and O +found O +to O +be O +pH O +- O +dependent O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +of O +homogeneous O +monophosphoglycerate O +mutase O +is O +given O +. O + +aps B-category +Conversion O +by O +the O +particulate O +enzyme O +was O +inhibited O +by O +benzamidine O +or O +chloroquine B-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +by O +pancreatic O +trypsin O +inhibitor O +, O +indicating O +its O +dissimilarity O +to O +trypsin O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +of O +the O +thermal O +stability O +of O +rat O +liver O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphatase I-Chemical +( O +EC O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +3 O +. O +9 O +) O +were O +carried O +out O +to O +further O +elevate O +the O +proposal O +that O +the O +enzymic O +activity O +is O +the O +result O +of O +the O +coupling O +of O +a O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +P I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +specific I-Chemical +translocase O +and O +a O +nonspecific O +phosphohydrolase O +- O +phosphotransferase O +. O + +aps B-category +Microsomes O +were O +exposed O +to O +inactivating O +conditions O +, O +and O +kinetic O +analyses O +were O +made O +of O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +P I-Chemical +phosphohydrolase O +activities O +before O +and O +after O +supplementation O +to O +0 O +. O +4 O +% O +sodium B-Chemical +taurocholate O +. O + +aps B-category +Analyses O +of O +kinetic O +data O +obtained O +in O +the O +present O +and O +earlier O +studies O +revealed O +several O +fundamental O +mathematical O +relationships O +among O +the O +kinetic O +constants O +describing O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +P I-Chemical +phosphohydrolase O +activities O +of O +intact O +( O +i O +. O +e O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +well O +documented O +, O +differential O +responses O +of O +the O +rat O +liver O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphatase I-Chemical +system O +induced O +by O +starvation O +, O +experimental O +diabetes O +, O +or O +cortisol B-Chemical +administration O +were O +analyzed O +in O +terms O +of O +these O +relationships O +. O + +aps B-category +Acid O +- O +induced O +phosphorylation O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +diphosphate O +bound O +to O +coupling O +factor O +1 O +in O +spinach O +chloroplast O +thylakoids O +. O + +aps B-category +Bound O +phosphate B-Chemical +serves O +as O +the O +phosphoryl O +donor O +for O +this O +uncoupler O +- O +insensitive O +conversion O +. O + +aps B-category +Breakdown O +potentials O +of O +annealed O +specimens O +were O +800 O +- O +950 O +mV O +( O +SCE O +) O +, O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +previously O +reported O +values O +of O +approximately O +350 O +mV O +. O + +aps B-category +Slices O +from O +fasted O +animals O +were O +pulse O +labeled O +for O +3 O +min O +with O +L O +- O +[ O +3H O +] O +leucine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Preferential O +secretion O +of O +old O +unlabeled O +exportable O +amylase O +was O +undiminished O +even O +when O +the O +chase O +period O +before O +addition O +of O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +was O +extended O +to O +240 O +min O +. O + +aps B-category +Experiments O +were O +also O +conducted O +on O +slices O +from O +glands O +which O +had O +been O +largely O +depleted O +of O +old O +granules O +by O +prior O +injection O +of O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +into O +the O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +Assembled O +PTP O +tubes O +resist O +dissociation O +in O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +and O +brief O +exposures O +in O +media O +at O +extreme O +ends O +of O +the O +pH O +range O +; O +however O +, O +the O +tubes O +are O +reduced O +by O +mercaptoethanol O +and O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Entry O +of O +certain O +free O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +( O +alpha O +aminoisobutyric O +acid O +( O +AIB O +) O +, O +alanine B-Chemical +and O +proline O +) O +, O +but O +not O +of O +leucine B-Chemical +into O +rat O +thymic O +lymphocytes O +increased O +progressively O +when O +the O +cells O +were O +incubated O +in O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +deficient O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +pH O +influenced O +the O +entry O +of O +alanine B-Chemical +and O +proline O +in O +the O +same O +fashion O +as O +that O +of O +AIB O +, O +but O +did O +not O +affect O +leucine B-Chemical +entry O +. O + +aps B-category +Moreover O +, O +alterations O +in O +pH O +modify O +entry O +and O +exodus O +of O +these O +same O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +profoundly O +affect O +the O +magnitude O +of O +time O +- O +released O +increases O +, O +and O +may O +induce O +fundamental O +changes O +in O +the O +mechanism O +( O +s O +) O +serving O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +transport O +. O + +aps B-category +Cells O +were O +also O +grown O +under O +identical O +conditions O +and O +homogenized O +in O +0 O +. O +25 O +M O +sucrose B-Chemical +in O +order O +to O +allow O +comparison O +of O +some O +of O +the O +intracellular O +lysosomal O +hydrolases O +with O +their O +secreted O +counterparts O +. O + +aps B-category +Measurements O +were O +made O +of O +the O +effect O +of O +heat O +( O +10 O +minutes O +at O +66 O +degrees O +) O +and O +of O +a O +change O +in O +pH O +from O +4 O +. O +5 O +( O +standard O +assay O +condition O +) O +to O +6 O +. O +0 O +on O +the O +three O +acid O +phosphatases O +and O +two O +beta O +- O +N O +- O +acetylhexoseaminidase O +isoenzymes O +resolved O +by O +DEAE O +column O +chromatography O +of O +the O +secreted O +hydrolases O +and O +on O +these O +hydrolyases O +in O +the O +heavy O +and O +light O +lysosomal O +fractions O +on O +the O +sucrose B-Chemical +gradient O +. O + +aps B-category +Most O +of O +the O +hybrids O +also O +showed O +increased O +levels O +of O +this O +enzyme O +after O +exposure O +to O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +high O +separating O +efficiency O +can O +be O +obtained O +with O +both O +aqueous O +and O +organic O +mobile O +phases O +and O +the O +retention O +is O +easily O +regulated O +by O +the O +nature O +and O +the O +concentration O +of O +the O +quaternary B-Chemical +ammonium I-Chemical +counter O +ion O +, O +present O +in O +the O +aqueous O +phase O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +method O +for O +the O +analysis O +of O +organic O +acids O +and O +phenols B-Chemical +isolated O +from O +marijuana O +smoke O +condensate O +has O +been O +developed O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +sensitive O +and O +highly O +specific O +gas O +- O +liquid O +chromatographic O +method O +is O +described O +for O +the O +determination O +of O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +esters O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +included O +acid O +production O +in O +peptone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +yeast I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +medium O +, O +production O +of O +n O +- O +butyric O +acid O +from O +peptone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +yeast I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +medium O +, O +esculin O +hydrolysis O +, O +starch O +hydrolysis O +, O +indole O +production O +, O +effect O +on O +milk O +, O +and O +lipase O +production O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +strains O +had O +a O +minimal O +inhibitory O +concentration O +of O +penicillin B-Chemical +G I-Chemical +of O +16 O +and O +32 O +U O +/ O +ml O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +mechanism O +of O +the O +metal O +ion O +promoted O +dephosphorylation O +of O +purine B-Chemical +nucleoside B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +triphosphates O +. O + +aps B-category +Tissue O +extracts O +were O +partially O +purified O +by O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +fractionation O +followed O +by O +gel O +column O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +Nevertheless O +, O +clam O +ganglion O +esterase O +is O +sifficiently O +active O +to O +hydrolyze O +the O +physiological O +substrate O +, O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Flocculation O +of O +untreated O +organisms O +of O +NCYC1005 O +and O +NCYC1063 O +, O +and O +of O +HF O +- O +treated O +organisms O +of O +all O +four O +strains O +, O +declined O +appreciably O +when O +they O +were O +washed O +in O +deionized O +water O +, O +with O +or O +without O +EDTA O +, O +and O +the O +flocculation O +was O +measured O +in O +deionized O +water O +instead O +of O +in O +0 O +- O +05 O +M B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sodium I-Chemical +acetate O +containing O +Ca2 O ++ O +. O + +aps B-category +Organisms O +of O +all O +four O +strains O +bound O +fluorescein B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +conjugated I-Chemical +concanavalin O +A O +to O +the O +same O +extent O +after O +treatment O +with O +HF O +as O +before O +, O +but O +this O +treatment O +led O +to O +a O +greatly O +diminished O +binding O +of O +of O +fluorescein B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +conjugated I-Chemical +antiserum O +raised O +against O +organisms O +of O +strain O +NCYC366 O +. O + +aps B-category +Leptospira O +interrogans O +was O +completely O +immobilized O +in O +0 O +- O +5 O +M O +and O +1 O +- O +0 O +M B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sucrose I-Chemical +solutions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +pH O +, O +salt B-Chemical +concentration O +and O +temperature O +on O +the O +autolytic O +process O +was O +studied O +in O +Na2HPO4 O +/ O +NaH2PO4 O +buffer O +. O + +aps B-category +Several O +free O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +were O +released O +during O +autolysis O +of O +these O +walls O +, O +alanine B-Chemical +, O +lysine O +and O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +being O +in O +greatest O +quanitity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +inactivation O +can O +be O +measured O +by O +monitoring O +the O +decay O +of O +NaCl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stimulated I-Chemical +summated O +electrophysiological O +activity O +at O +the O +chorda O +tympani O +nerve O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +NEM O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +inactivation O +of O +the O +sucrose B-Chemical +and O +HCl O +responses O +were O +measured O +indirectly O +and O +found O +to O +be O +comparable O +to O +the O +NaCl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stimulated I-Chemical +inactivation O +rate O +, O +indicating O +the O +inhibited O +event O +is O +common O +to O +the O +transduction O +of O +the O +response O +for O +all O +of O +the O +stimuli O +examined O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +antipsychotic O +drugs O +was O +tested O +on O +responses O +to O +micro O +- O +electrophoretically O +applied O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +in O +identified O +neurons O +of O +the O +marine O +gastropod O +Aplysia O +californica O +. O + +aps B-category +ACh O +- O +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +responses I-Chemical +were O +slightly O +affected O +only O +by O +high O +concentrations O +after O +long O +lasting O +perfusion O +. O + +aps B-category +Band O +II O +has O +been O +purified O +by O +preparative O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +( O +SDS O +) O +- O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +Rats O +fed O +either O +a O +stock O +deit O +or O +a O +purified O +diet O +based O +on O +casein O +were O +tested O +for O +their O +ability O +to O +convert O +75Se B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sodium I-Chemical +selenite O +to O +volatile O +selenium B-Chemical +( O +dimethyl O +selenide O +) O +in O +vivo O +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +minor O +differences O +in O +the O +levels O +of O +glutathione B-Chemical +reductase O +, O +nonspecific O +disulfide O +reducatse O +, O +and O +non O +- O +protein O +thiols B-Chemical +were O +observed O +in O +liver O +and O +kidney O +from O +rats O +fed O +the O +two O +diets O +. O + +aps B-category +Tumor O +incidence O +was O +studied O +in O +1 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dimethylhydrazine I-Chemical +( O +DMH O +) O +injected O +male O +rats O +assigned O +at O +weaning O +to O +isoenergetic O +casein O +- O +sucorse O +deits O +containing O +7 O +. O +5 O +% O +, O +15 O +% O +, O +or O +22 O +. O +5 O +% O +protein O +with O +or O +without O +2 O +. O +5 O +% O +urea B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +As O +dietary O +protein O +increased O +, O +cecal O +ammonia B-Chemical +concentrations O +rose O +while O +both O +colon O +and O +cecal O +pH O +dropped O +. O + +aps B-category +DMH O +- O +treated O +rats O +had O +significantly O +higher O +concentrations O +of O +colon O +and O +cecal O +ammonia B-Chemical +and O +lower O +blood O +cholesterol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +acidic O +and O +intestinal O +proteolytic O +environments O +on O +bovine O +milk O +xanthine B-Chemical +oxidase O +( O +XO O +) O +activity O +were O +determined O +in O +order O +to O +evaluate O +the O +extent O +to O +which O +this O +enzyme O +was O +absorbed O +in O +biologically O +active O +form O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +folic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +allopurinol B-Chemical +inhibited O +XO O +activity O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +large O +excess O +of O +dietary O +folic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +did O +not O +reduce O +rat O +liver O +or O +intestinal O +XO O +activity O +in O +vivo O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +formation O +of O +a O +platelet O +adhesive O +factor O +by O +disruption O +of O +the O +creatine B-Chemical +phosphokinase O +molecule O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +nature O +of O +this O +preparation O +of O +PAF O +was O +investigated O +by O +both O +biochemical O +and O +biophysical O +means O +, O +including O +ion O +exchange O +chromatography O +, O +electrophoresis O +, O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +analysis O +and O +analytical O +ultracentrifuge O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Anson O +( O +casein O +substrate O +) O +assay O +worked O +best O +in O +0 O +. O +05 O +M O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +, O +pH O +8 O +. O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +Pharmacological O +studies O +with O +adenine O +, O +adenosine B-Chemical +and O +some O +phosphorylated O +derivatives O +on O +guinea O +- O +pig O +tracheal O +muscle O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +response O +to O +adenosine B-Chemical +and O +the O +nucleotides O +, O +but O +not O +adenine O +, O +was O +potentiated O +by O +dipyridamole B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +the O +guinea O +- O +pig O +trachea O +does O +not O +possess O +and O +a O +nucleotide B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +specific I-Chemical +receptor O +as O +has O +been O +postulated O +for O +some O +other O +smooth O +muscle O +preparations O +. O + +aps B-category +Interactions O +of O +bradykinin B-Chemical +, O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E1 I-Chemical +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +, O +histamine B-Chemical +and O +adenosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +' O +- O +triphosphate O +on O +the O +dry O +leakage O +response O +in O +rat O +skin O +. O + +aps B-category +Histamine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +- O +5M O +) O +potentiated O +bradykinin B-Chemical +, O +PGE1 B-Chemical +and O +ATP O +. O + +aps B-category +ATP O +( O +10 O +- O +4M O +) O +potentiated O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +, O +histamine B-Chemical +and O +PGE1 B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Surface O +tension O +measurements O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +increasing O +amounts O +of O +electrolyte O +indicated O +a O +decrease O +in O +the O +apparent O +cmc O +with O +increase O +in O +electrolyte O +concentration O +for O +propantheline O +bromide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +not O +possible O +to O +detect O +a O +cmc O +for O +methantheline O +or O +propantheline O +bromide B-Chemical +from O +conductivity O +measurements O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stability O +constants O +for O +formation O +of O +complexes O +of O +salicylamide O +with O +caffeine B-Chemical +have O +been O +measured O +between O +15 O +and O +45degrees O +, O +by O +means O +of O +the O +solubility O +method O +. O + +aps B-category +Tryptamine O +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +hypothermia O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +irritant O +properties O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxylase I-Chemical +inhibitors O +in O +relation O +to O +their O +effects O +on O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +locomotor O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Tilorone O +hydrochloride O +: O +a O +non O +- O +steroidal O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +agent O +devoid O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +synthetase O +inhibitory O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +rheumatoid O +arthritis O +developing O +in O +a O +patient O +treated O +with O +salmon B-Chemical +calcitonin I-Chemical +: O +evidence O +against O +a O +major O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +action O +of O +this O +hormone O +. O + +aps B-category +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +is O +a O +substrate O +for O +both O +species O +of O +monoamine O +oxidase O +in O +beef O +heart O +mitochondria O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activities O +towards O +tyramine O +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +tryptamine O +were O +also O +inhibited O +in O +a O +biphasic O +manner O +, O +but O +the O +apparent O +proportions O +of O +the O +two O +enzyme O +species O +active O +on O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +tryptamine O +depended O +on O +the O +inhibitor O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +Bioanalysis O +of O +picomole O +amounts O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +by O +ion O +- O +pair O +partition O +chromatography O +applied O +to O +rat O +sciatic O +nerve O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +quantitative O +evaluation O +is O +made O +from O +the O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +peak O +in O +the O +chromatogram O +obtained O +by O +ultraviolet O +detection O +. O + +aps B-category +Livers O +of O +the O +rats O +which O +were O +given O +an O +acute O +dose O +of O +the O +drug O +synthesized O +more O +triacylglycerol B-Chemical +, O +phosphatidylcholine O +and O +phosphatidylethanolamine O +from O +[ O +1 O +, O +3 O +- O +3H O +] O +glycerol O +and O +[ O +14C O +] O +palmitate O +than O +did O +those O +of O +control O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Influence O +of O +various O +substances O +on O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +biosynthesis O +by O +guinea O +- O +pig O +chopped O +lung O +. O + +aps B-category +Thymoleptics O +, O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +and O +monoamine O +oxidase O +inhibitors O +except O +phenelzine O +exhibited O +weak O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Metabolic O +N O +- O +oxidation O +of O +atropine B-Chemical +, O +hyoscine B-Chemical +and O +the O +corresponding O +nor O +- O +alkaloids O +by O +guinea O +- O +pig O +liver O +microsomal O +preparations O +. O + +aps B-category +Separate O +incubations O +of O +guinea O +- O +pig O +liver O +microsomal O +preparations O +with O +nor B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +atropine I-Chemical +and O +nor B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hyoscine I-Chemical +yielded O +the O +corresponding O +hydroxylamines O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +microsomal O +N O +- O +oxidation O +of O +phentermine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Maximum O +activities O +were O +obtained O +with O +microsomal O +( O +9000 O +g O +supernatant O +and O +microsomes O +) O +fractions O +of O +rabbit O +liver O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +an O +NADPH B-Chemical +generating O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +use O +of O +known O +carbon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxidation I-Chemical +inhibitors O +showed O +that O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +is O +not O +involved O +in O +the O +incorporation O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +at O +the O +nitrogen B-Chemical +centre O +of O +Ia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dissolution O +properties O +of O +hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +PVP I-Chemical +10 O +000 O +mechanical O +mix O +and O +coprecipitate O +systems O +were O +qualitatively O +similar O +to O +those O +previously O +reported O +using O +hydroflumethiazide O +. O + +aps B-category +Compartmental O +analysis O +of O +plasma O +paracetamol B-Chemical +concentrations O +following O +intravenous O +injection O +of O +12 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +in O +aqueous O +solution O +to O +normal O +subjects O +was O +performed O +using O +analogue O +and O +digital O +computer O +methods O +. O + +aps B-category +Meso O +- O +dimercaptosuccinic O +acid O +a O +chelating O +agent O +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +mercury O +and O +lead B-Chemical +poisoning O +. O + +aps B-category +Improved O +method O +for O +evaluating O +the O +inhibition O +of O +[ O +14C O +] O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +uptake O +by O +rat O +platelets O +. O + +aps B-category +Chemical O +aspects O +of O +penicillin B-Chemical +allergy O +: O +mechanism O +of O +imidazole O +- O +catalysed O +penicilloylation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mechanisms O +of O +electron O +transport O +in O +ferredoxin O +molecules O +were O +found O +to O +be O +related O +to O +their O +sulfur B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +iron I-Chemical +bonds O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +sulfur B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +iron I-Chemical +dissociation O +process O +was O +found O +to O +be O +pH O +dependent O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +those O +animals O +with O +patent O +arterial O +and O +venous O +catheters O +, O +uterine O +and O +umbilical O +blood O +flows O +were O +measured O +together O +with O +the O +arteriovenous O +differences O +in O +02 O +, O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +acetate O +and O +lactate B-Chemical +so O +that O +rates O +of O +foetal O +and O +uterine O +consumption O +could O +be O +estimated O +. O + +aps B-category +Significant O +amounts O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +, O +which O +appeared O +to O +be O +produced O +by O +the O +uteroplacental O +tissue O +, O +were O +utilized O +by O +the O +foetus O +; O +the O +remainder O +passed O +into O +the O +uterine O +venous O +blood O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +the O +emptying O +process O +, O +the O +gastric O +contents O +were O +aspirated O +and O +immediately O +re O +- O +instilled O +at O +10 O +min O +intervals O +, O +and O +the O +following O +parameters O +were O +recorded O +: O +volume O +, O +concentration O +of O +the O +organic O +anion O +, O +pH O +, O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +concentration O +and O +osmolarity O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +series O +of O +new O +sympathomimetic O +amines B-Chemical +containing O +an O +8 O +- O +hydroxycarbostyril O +moiety O +was O +synthesized O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +of O +the O +compounds O +was O +24 O +000 O +times O +more O +potent O +than O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +, O +divalent O +ions O +and O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Spherical O +bilayer O +membranes O +were O +composed O +of O +natural O +[ O +phosphatidylcholine O +( O +PC O +) O +and O +phosphatidylserine B-Chemical +( O +PS O +) O +] O +as O +well O +as O +synthetic O +( O +dipalmitoyl O +- O +PC O +, O +dimyristoyl O +- O +PC O +and O +dioleoyl O +- O +PC O +) O +phospholipids O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +isolated O +an O +ether B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +internal O +antigen O +and O +an O +ether B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +antigen O +previously O +described O +in O +relation O +to O +bovine O +leukemia O +virus O +infection O +. O + +aps B-category +Its O +molecular O +weight O +, O +estimated O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +- O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +( O +SDS O +- O +PAGE O +) O +, O +was O +23 O +, O +000 O +( O +p23 O +) O +, O +and O +it O +gave O +a O +sedimentation O +value O +of O +2 O +. O +3s O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +of O +these O +[ O +45 O +, O +000 O +( O +gp45 O +) O +and O +55 O +, O +000 O +( O +gp55 O +) O +] O +were O +stained O +by O +periodic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Schiff I-Chemical +reagent O +. O + +aps B-category +Chloramphenicol O +partially O +inhibited O +the O +increase O +of O +GTase O +induced O +by O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetylaminofluorene I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +cyclic O +monophosphate O +( O +cAMP B-Chemical +) O +may O +be O +one O +of O +the O +important O +factors O +in O +regulating O +the O +expression O +of O +many O +differentiated O +functions O +in O +neuroblastoma O +cells O +, O +but O +some O +of O +these O +functions O +can O +be O +induced O +by O +agents O +that O +do O +not O +increase O +the O +intracellular O +level O +of O +cAMP B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +Mg2 O ++ O +, O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +, O +and O +N O +- O +ethylmaleimide O +had O +identical O +effects O +on O +both O +the O +activities O +. O + +aps B-category +Purification O +and O +properties O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +from O +Bacillus O +subtilis O +spores O +. O + +aps B-category +49 O +] O +obtained O +from O +spores O +of O +Bacillus O +subtilis O +PCI O +219 O +strain O +was O +partially O +purified O +by O +filtration O +on O +Sephadex O +G O +- O +200 O +, O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +fractionation O +and O +chromatography O +on O +DEAE O +- O +Sephadex O +A O +- O +25 O +( O +about O +54 O +- O +fold O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inactive O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +obtained O +from O +the O +spores O +heated O +at O +85 O +C O +for O +30 O +min O +was O +not O +reactivated O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +ethylenediaminetetraacetic O +acid O +, O +dipicolinic O +acid O +or O +some O +salts O +unlike O +inactive O +glucose B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +) O +, O +phenacetin B-Chemical +( O +100 O +, O +150 O +, O +200 O +, O +250 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +and O +other O +antipyretic O +analgesics O +were O +active O +in O +a O +wide O +range O +of O +doses O +indicating O +that O +this O +technique O +is O +sensitive O +to O +the O +narcotic O +antagonist O +and O +to O +the O +weak O +analgesics O +as O +well O +as O +to O +the O +narcotic O +analgesics O +as O +well O +as O +to O +the O +narcotic O +analgesics O +such O +as O +morphine B-Chemical +( O +2 O +. O +5 O +, O +5 O +, O +10 O +, O +15 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +p O +. O + +aps B-category +and O +pethidine B-Chemical +( O +5 O +, O +10 O +, O +15 O +, O +20 O +, O +25 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +competitive O +antagonism O +between O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +( O +ISO O +) O +and O +propranolol B-Chemical +( O +Prop O +) O +was O +influenced O +by O +the O +functional O +antagonism O +between O +ISO O +and O +spasmogens O +( O +histamine B-Chemical +and O +carbachol B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +materials O +mentioned O +above O +are O +reextracted O +from O +an O +ether B-Chemical +solution O +by O +2 O +N O +sodium B-Chemical +hydroxide O +. O + +aps B-category +Histamine B-Chemical +H2 O +- O +receptor O +antagonists O +and O +gastric O +acid O +secretion O +- O +- O +a O +progress O +report O +. O + +aps B-category +Acid O +secretion O +stimulated O +by O +gastrin O +or O +pentagastrin O +is O +also O +inhibited O +by O +these O +drugs O +, O +but O +there O +is O +disagreement O +about O +the O +effects O +of O +these O +drugs O +on O +acid O +secretion O +resulting O +from O +activation O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +respect O +to O +the O +antimicrobial O +activity O +and O +the O +quality O +of O +reclaimed O +water O +formalin B-Chemical +at O +a O +concentration O +of O +0 O +. O +1 O +% O +was O +selected O +as O +the O +best O +conserver O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +synthesis O +and O +characterization O +of O +water O +- O +soluble O +random O +copolymers O +containing O +L O +- O +lysine O +with O +N5 O +- O +( O +4 O +- O +hydroxybutyl O +) O +- B-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamine I-Chemical +, O +and O +the O +thermally O +induced O +helix O +- O +coil O +transitions O +of O +these O +copolymers O +in O +water O +, O +are O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +is O +increasing O +evidence O +that O +certain O +orally O +administered O +nitrates B-Chemical +at O +larger O +than O +usual O +dosage O +can O +further O +increase O +the O +tolerance O +to O +effort O +. O + +aps B-category +Similar O +effects O +were O +observed O +when O +biologic O +activity O +was O +measured O +by O +induction O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ketoglutarate I-Chemical +transaminase O +in O +a O +cultured O +liver O +cell O +system O +where O +significant O +activity O +of O +triacetyl O +insulin O +was O +found O +at O +concentrations O +of O +10 O +( O +- O +9 O +) O +- O +10 O +( O +- O +7 O +) O +M O +. O +In O +all O +systems O +tested O +, O +the O +activity O +of O +triacetylated O +insulin O +could O +not O +be O +accounted O +for O +by O +deacetylation O +and O +conversion O +to O +native O +insulin O +. O + +aps B-category +Infusion O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +hydrochloride O +in O +infants O +and O +children O +( O +ages O +ranging O +from O +1 O +day O +to O +12 O +yr O +) O +at O +a O +dosage O +of O +0 O +. O +5 O +g O +/ O +kg O +body O +weight O +resulted O +in O +a O +dramatic O +increase O +in O +the O +arginine O +plasma O +concentration O +, O +with O +highest O +values O +of O +approximately O +7 O +mmole O +/ O +liter O +immediately O +after O +the O +end O +of O +the O +infusion O +; O +120 O +min O +later O +the O +mean O +plasma O +level O +of O +the O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +had O +decreased O +to O +mean O +values O +of O +1 O +mmole O +/ O +liter O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +expressed O +on O +a O +molar O +basis O +, O +arginine O +administration O +resulted O +in O +an O +almost O +stoichiometric O +rise O +in O +urinary O +urea B-Chemical +excretion O +. O + +aps B-category +Blood O +gas O +analyses O +and O +serum O +urea B-Chemical +and O +blood O +ammonia B-Chemical +concentrations O +determined O +after O +the O +load O +showed O +no O +significant O +deviations O +from O +preinfusion O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +buffers O +on O +photosynthetic O +oxygen B-Chemical +evolution O +in O +the O +blue O +- O +green O +alga O +, O +Agmenellum O +quadruplicatum O +. O + +aps B-category +High O +rates O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +evolution O +were O +obtained O +in O +the O +growth O +medium O +and O +N O +- O +tris O +( O +hydroxymethyl O +) O +- O +methylglycine O +( O +Tricine O +) O +buffer O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +incubation O +- O +rinsing O +procedure O +caused O +inhibition O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +evolution O +in O +TES O +, O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +and O +Tris O +by O +50 O +to O +100 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Bezoquinone O +- O +supported O +oxygen B-Chemical +evolution O +was O +not O +affected O +by O +rinsing O +with O +any O +buffer O +tested O +except O +Tris O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +interpreted O +our O +results O +to O +mean O +that O +, O +in O +Agmenellum O +quadruplicatum O +, O +inhibition O +of O +photosynthetic O +oxygen B-Chemical +evolution O +by O +Tris O +occurs O +at O +the O +level O +of O +photosystem O +2 O +while O +the O +effects O +of O +TES O +and O +phosphate B-Chemical +are O +on O +electron O +- O +transport O +occurring O +after O +the O +rate O +- O +limiting O +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +Trials O +are O +in O +process O +with O +an O +analogue O +, O +cimetidine B-Chemical +( O +Tagamet O +, O +SKF O +) O +, O +which O +has O +a O +different O +chemical O +structure O +from O +metiamide O +and O +has O +not O +caused O +haematological O +changes O +in O +animals O +or O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Double O +- O +blind O +test O +with O +a O +new O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +derivative O +( O +camazepam O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +GABA B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +mediated I-Chemical +control O +of O +rat O +neostriatal O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +revealed O +by O +intranigral O +muscimol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +specificity O +and O +mechanism O +of O +action O +of O +m B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +in O +antagonizing O +the O +central O +effects O +of O +reserpine B-Chemical +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Induction O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +monooxygenase I-Chemical +in O +superior O +cervical O +ganglia O +after O +axotomy O +of O +postganglionic O +nerves O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +total O +of O +234 O +oxytocin B-Chemical +challenge O +tests O +( O +OCT O +) O +were O +performed O +on O +100 O +high O +- O +risk O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +materials O +were O +gold B-Chemical +alloys O +but O +with O +different O +contents O +of O +Pt O +, O +Ag O +and O +Zn O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +A O +comparative O +study O +of O +free O +isoniazid B-Chemical +levels O +in O +the O +serum O +by O +microbiological O +estimation O +and O +a O +new O +chemical O +method O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +monoamines B-Chemical +in O +the O +control O +of O +pituitary O +hormone O +functions O +depends O +narrowly O +on O +pharmacological O +methods O +intervening O +either O +in O +the O +synthesis O +of O +neuroamines O +or O +in O +their O +action O +on O +a O +specific O +receptor O +. O + +aps B-category +Lysosomal O +acid O +lipase O +( O +LAL O +) O +activity O +was O +measured O +using O +a O +new O +fluorometric O +assay O +in O +cultured O +skin O +fibroblasts O +from O +eight O +control O +subjects O +, O +two O +obligate O +heterozygotes O +for O +Wolman O +' O +s O +disease O +( O +WD O +) O +, O +one O +patient O +with O +WD O +, O +and O +one O +patient O +with O +cholesteryl B-Chemical +ester I-Chemical +storage O +disease O +( O +CESD O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Ca O +current O +was O +analyzed O +( O +a O +) O +by O +measuring O +the O +upstroke O +velocity O +of O +Ca O +- O +mediated O +action O +potentials O +and O +( O +b O +) O +in O +voltage O +clamp O +experiments O +using O +the O +double O +sucrose B-Chemical +gap O +technique O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +positive O +- O +inotropic O +effect O +of O +2 O +mg O +/ O +l O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +was O +more O +pronounced O +, O +whilst O +the O +sensitivity O +of O +the O +Ca O +inward O +current O +towards O +this O +beta O +- O +stimulating O +compound O +remained O +unchanged O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effect O +of O +isotope O +renography O +on O +urinary O +gamma O +glutamyl O +transpeptidase O +( O +GGTP O +) O +and O +leucine B-Chemical +arylamidase O +( O +LAP O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +1 O +- O +beta O +, O +gamma O +- O +epoxyproplderivatives O +of O +theophylline B-Chemical +( O +Th O +) O +or O +theobromine O +( O +Tb O +) O +with O +piperazine B-Chemical +and O +N O +- O +monoalkyl O +or O +monoarylpiperazines O +the O +corresponding O +7 O +- O +resp O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +aqueous O +solution O +N O +- O +pyrrolidinomethyltetracycline O +( O +PTC O +) O +undergoes O +decomposition O +into O +tetracycline B-Chemical +, O +epitetracylcine O +, O +anhydroepitetracycline O +and O +ynhydrotetracycline O +. O + +aps B-category +If O +disabling O +angina O +persists O +despite O +medical O +management O +and O +there O +is O +no O +contraindication O +, O +the O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blocking O +agent O +propranolol B-Chemical +should O +be O +tried O +before O +coronary O +artery O +surgery O +is O +considered O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +preparations O +of O +demembranated O +brush O +borders O +exhibit O +potassium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +EDTA I-Chemical +ATPase O +activity O +of O +0 O +. O +02 O +mumol O +phosphate B-Chemical +/ O +mg O +- O +min O +( O +22 O +degrees O +C O +) O +; O +this O +assay O +is O +diagnostic O +for O +myosin O +- O +like O +ATPase O +isolated O +from O +vertebrate O +sources O +. O + +aps B-category +Binding O +is O +observed O +at O +pH O +6 O +. O +0 O +, O +near O +the O +normal O +luminal B-Chemical +pH O +of O +the O +duodenum O +and O +jejunum O +at O +this O +age O +, O +but O +not O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +evaluated O +the O +effects O +of O +dietary O +PO4 O +restriction O +on O +25 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +OH I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Vitamin I-Chemical +D3 I-Chemical +metabolism O +, O +serum O +iPTH O +levels O +, O +and O +mineral O +balances O +in O +healthy O +women O +and O +men O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Acyl O +- O +CoA O +: O +diglyceride O +acyltransferase O +activity O +was O +measured O +using O +various O +diglyceride O +and O +radioactive O +acyl O +- O +CoA O +substrates O +; O +products O +were O +identified O +as O +triglycerides B-Chemical +by O +thin O +- O +layer O +and O +gas O +- O +liquid O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +we O +conclude O +that O +the O +predominant O +localization O +of O +long O +chain O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +the O +1 O +and O +2 O +positions O +, O +and O +of O +shorter O +chain O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +the O +3 O +position O +of O +the O +glycerol O +backbone O +, O +results O +at O +least O +in O +part O +from O +the O +specificities O +of O +the O +mammary O +gland O +acyltransferases O +. O + +aps B-category +Potassium B-Chemical +concentrations O +in O +excess O +of O +30 O +mM O +increase O +the O +rate O +of O +beating O +of O +lateral O +cilia O +on O +the O +gill O +of O +Mytilus O +edulis O +. O + +aps B-category +Cilioinhibition O +produced O +by O +high O +frequency O +( O +50 O +beats O +/ O +s O +) O +stimulation O +was O +decreased O +with O +potassium B-Chemical +and O +phenoxybenzamine O +( O +a O +dopaminergic O +inhibitor O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Potassium B-Chemical +doses O +incapable O +of O +maintaining O +a O +basal O +rate O +of O +beating O +( O +less O +than O +30 O +mM O +) O +could O +increase O +ciliary O +activity O +if O +phenoxybenzamine O +was O +also O +added O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +shows O +that O +the O +potassium B-Chemical +effect O +on O +ciliary O +activity O +( O +a O +) O +increase O +with O +low O +frequency O +nerve O +stimulation O +, O +presumably O +through O +the O +release O +of O +serotonin B-Chemical +and O +( O +b O +) O +decreases O +with O +high O +frequency O +nerve O +stimulation O +, O +presumably O +through O +the O +release O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +detailed O +account O +is O +given O +of O +an O +electrolytic O +method O +for O +determining O +the O +oxygen B-Chemical +dissociation O +curve O +of O +fish O +blood O +using O +a O +single O +sample O +of O +50 O +- O +100 O +mul O +for O +the O +whole O +curve O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +of O +these O +cells O +in O +each O +sensillum O +was O +shown O +to O +respond O +to O +ATP O +over O +a O +concentration O +range O +of O +10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +- O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +M O +. O +It O +was O +also O +sensitive O +to O +several O +other O +adenosine B-Chemical +phophates O +, O +but O +much O +less O +sensitive O +to O +CTP O +, O +GTP O +and O +ITP O +. O + +aps B-category +H O ++ O +secretion O +by O +the O +isolated O +bladder O +was O +measured O +simultaneously O +with O +the O +rate O +of O +14CO2 O +evolution O +from O +[ O +14C O +] O +glucose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +one O +, O +JH O +and O +JCO2 O +were O +altered O +by O +changing O +the O +luminal B-Chemical +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Chromaffin O +granules O +behave O +as O +perfect O +osmometers O +between O +340 O +and O +1 O +, O +000 O +mosM O +in O +choline B-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +, O +NaCl B-Chemical +, O +and O +KCl O +as O +measured O +by O +changes O +in O +absorbance O +at O +430 O +nm O +or O +from O +intragranular O +water O +measurements O +using O +3H2O O +and O +[ O +14C O +] O +polydextran O +. O + +aps B-category +Measurement O +of O +catecholamine B-Chemical +release O +under O +conditions O +where O +intravesicular O +calcium B-Chemical +accumulation O +is O +maximal O +indicates O +that O +catecholamine B-Chemical +release O +does O +not O +occur O +. O + +aps B-category +Growth O +as O +indicated O +by O +thermograms O +was O +compared O +with O +the O +results O +of O +conventional O +methods O +, O +namely O +, O +terminal O +dilution O +counts O +, O +plate O +counts O +, O +turbidimetric O +measurements O +, O +glucose B-Chemical +consumption O +and O +pH O +changes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +on O +spores O +of O +Clostridium O +bifermentans O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +with O +0 O +. O +35 O +M B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydrogen I-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +increased O +the O +germination O +rate O +at O +25 O +degrees O +C O +but O +increasing O +the O +temperature O +or O +concentration O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +decreased O +both O +the O +germination O +rate O +and O +colony O +formation O +. O + +aps B-category +Pre O +- O +incubation O +of O +spores O +with O +Cu2 O ++ O +before O +treatment O +with O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +produced O +a O +similar O +increase O +, O +but O +this O +could O +be O +eliminated O +by O +washing O +the O +spores O +with O +dilute O +spores O +- O +- O +apparently O +from O +the O +coat O +- O +- O +and O +treatment O +with O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +, O +which O +also O +removes O +spore O +- O +coat O +protein O +, O +increased O +the O +lethal O +effect O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +500 O +- O +fold O +, O +suggesting O +that O +spore O +- O +coat O +protein O +has O +a O +protective O +effect O +against O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Inactivation O +studies O +of O +the O +interferon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +inducing I-Chemical +capacity O +of O +vaccinia O +virus O +were O +complicated O +by O +cytotoxic O +effects O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Decrease O +in O +the O +solvation O +of O +polymer O +by O +inclusion O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +in O +the O +acetone O +casting O +solution O +resulted O +in O +greater O +permeability O +to O +urea B-Chemical +of O +cast O +acrylate O +- O +methacrylate O +film O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +method O +for O +the O +extraction O +, O +separation O +and O +quantitative O +determination O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +[ O +3H O +- O +NA O +] O +and O +its O +five O +major O +metabolites O +has O +been O +devised O +using O +thin O +layer O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +Amphetamine B-Chemical +, O +phenylacetone O +, O +. O +. O +. O + +aps B-category +Submaximal O +doses O +of O +intraluminally O +applied O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +injected O +as O +a O +bolus O +into O +the O +perfusion O +fluid O +produced O +transient O +monophasic O +vascoconstrictor O +responses O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +extraluminal O +/ O +intraluminal O +potency O +ratios O +for O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +and O +methysergide B-Chemical +were O +230 O +, O +15 O +and O +6 O +respectively O +, O +which O +indicates O +that O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +methysergide B-Chemical +are O +relatively O +more O +potent O +when O +administered O +extraluminally O +than O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +under O +the O +experimental O +conditions O +used O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +and O +methysergide B-Chemical +produced O +biphasic O +responses O +by O +an O +action O +on O +the O +medial O +smooth O +muscle O +firstly O +via O +the O +intraluminal O +surface O +and O +secondly O +an O +additional O +direct O +action O +via O +the O +adventitial O +surface O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +pethidine B-Chemical +upon O +body O +temperature O +and O +upon O +the O +reversal O +of O +reserpine B-Chemical +hypothermia O +in O +the O +mouse O +were O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +drugs O +reversed O +reserpine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +hypothermia O +. O + +aps B-category +Adrenalectomy O +prevented O +the O +reversal O +of O +reserpine B-Chemical +hypothermia O +by O +pethidine B-Chemical +but O +morphine B-Chemical +produced O +a O +partial O +reversal O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +are O +discussed O +with O +regard O +to O +differences O +between O +pethidine B-Chemical +and O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +possible O +involvement O +of O +opiate O +receptors O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Toxic O +interaction O +between O +disulfiram B-Chemical +and O +tranylcypromine B-Chemical +stereoisomers O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +various O +diuretic B-Chemical +agents O +in O +the O +mouse O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +following O +compounds O +, O +examples O +of O +various O +types O +of O +orally O +active O +compound O +available O +, O +produced O +their O +characteristic O +diuretic B-Chemical +effects O +: O +bendrofluazide B-Chemical +, O +frusemide O +, O +ethacrynic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +acetazolamide B-Chemical +, O +triamterene B-Chemical +, O +aminophylline B-Chemical +and O +Su O +15049A O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +allowing O +for O +differences O +in O +baseline O +sodium B-Chemical +excretion O +, O +all O +diuretics O +except O +acetazolamide B-Chemical +caused O +a O +further O +enhancement O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +excretion O +after O +saline O +- O +loading O +compared O +with O +water O +- O +loading O +tests O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +the O +mouse O +is O +a O +suitable O +species O +for O +diuretic B-Chemical +testing O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +prostaglandins B-Chemical +E2 O +( O +PGE2 B-Chemical +) O +and O +F2alpha O +( O +PGF2 O +- O +alpha O +) O +on O +muscle O +strips O +from O +mature O +and O +immature O +rats O +and O +guinea O +- O +pigs O +and O +on O +rat O +blood O +pressure O +were O +investigated O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +atropine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +ileum O +from O +immature O +guinea O +- O +pigs O +the O +maximum O +responses O +to O +PGE2 B-Chemical +and O +PGF2alpha B-Chemical +were O +16 O +and O +8 O +% O +of O +the O +histamine B-Chemical +maximum O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +blood O +pressure O +PGF2alpha B-Chemical +and O +PGE2 B-Chemical +were O +both O +hypotensive O +in O +immature O +rats O +whereas O +PGE2 B-Chemical +was O +hypotensive O +and O +PGF2alpha B-Chemical +hypertensive O +in O +mature O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +vas O +deferens O +, O +chandonium O +( O +10 O +- O +50 O +mug O +ml O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +; O +1 O +- O +6 O +- O +8 O +- O +1 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +potentiated O +responses O +to O +exogenous O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +; O +responses O +to O +electrical O +stimulation O +were O +potentiated O +only O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +50 O +mug O +ml O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +chandonium O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +comparative O +study O +of O +the O +effect O +of O +bile O +salts O +on O +the O +absorption O +of O +quinalbarbitone O +sodium B-Chemical +in O +goldfish O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +cholate B-Chemical +, O +sodium B-Chemical +deoxycholate I-Chemical +, O +sodium B-Chemical +chenodeoxycholate B-Chemical +and O +sodium B-Chemical +taurodeoxycholate O +on O +the O +quinalbarbitone O +- O +induced O +overturn O +time O +has O +been O +investigated O +and O +differences O +in O +capacity O +to O +promote O +absorption O +have O +been O +demonstrated O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +unrelated O +series O +of O +emulsions O +have O +been O +prepared O +, O +one O +series O +being O +stabilized O +by O +magnesium B-Chemical +oleate O +gels O +and O +the O +other O +series O +by O +ammonium B-Chemical +oleate O +gels O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +waxes O +, O +hydrolysed O +gelatin O +and O +moisture O +on O +the O +compression O +characteristics O +of O +paracetamol B-Chemical +and O +phenacetin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +behaviour O +of O +paracetamol B-Chemical +or O +phenacetin B-Chemical +and O +their O +mixtures O +with O +gelatin O +hydrolysate O +or O +water O +or O +both O +shows O +a O +similarity O +to O +a O +Mohr O +body O +and O +it O +appears O +that O +the O +maximum O +die O +wall O +pressure O +is O +affected O +by O +the O +particle O +size O +of O +the O +material O +compressed O +and O +also O +by O +the O +additives O +present O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +tablet O +disintegrants O +: O +a O +relatively O +insoluble O +sodium B-Chemical +carboxymethyl O +cellulose O +, O +casein O +formaldehyde O +, O +calcium B-Chemical +carboxymethyl O +cellulose O +and O +a O +cross O +- O +linked O +polyvinylpyrrolidone O +have O +been O +evaluated O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +crystallinity O +and O +solubility O +on O +comminution O +of O +digoxin B-Chemical +and O +observations O +on O +spironolactone B-Chemical +and O +oestradiol O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +examination O +of O +spironolactone B-Chemical +and O +17 O +beta O +- O +oestradiol O +by O +infrared O +spectroscopy O +and O +differential O +thermal O +analysis O +showed O +that O +these O +compounds O +also O +undergo O +changes O +in O +their O +crystallinity O +on O +grinding O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +delta9 O +- O +tetrahydrocannabinol O +on O +plasma O +concentrations O +of O +non O +- O +esterified O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +the O +mouse O +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulation O +by O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +of O +the O +rate O +of O +collagen O +synthesis O +in O +cultured O +fibroblasts O +. 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O +22 O +. O +3 O +) O +and O +bromelain O +( O +EC O +3 O +. O +4 O +. O +22 O +. O +4 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Spectroscopic O +evidence O +is O +presented O +for O +the O +intermediacy O +of O +Meisenheimer O +- O +type O +adducts O +in O +the O +reaction O +of O +Nbd O +chloride B-Chemical +with O +nucleophiles O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +profile O +for O +the O +bromelain O +reaction O +appears O +to O +resemble O +that O +for O +the O +ficin O +reaction O +, O +but O +is O +complicated O +by O +amino B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +group I-Chemical +labelling O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +convenient O +method O +of O +preparation O +of O +high O +- O +activity O +urease O +from O +Canavalia O +ensiformis O +by O +covalent O +chromatography O +and O +an O +investigation O +of O +its O +thiol B-Chemical +groups O +with O +2 O +, O +2 O +' O +- O +dipyridyl O +disulphide O +as O +a O +thiol B-Chemical +titrant O +and O +reactivity O +probe O +. 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O +15 O +and O +k O += O +1 O +. O +60 O +X O +10 O +( O +2 O +) O +M O +- O +1 O +- O +s O +- O +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +9 O +. O +5 O +, O +and O +at O +high O +pH O +the O +class O +- O +I O +thiol B-Chemical +groups O +consist O +of O +at O +most O +25 O +% O +class O +- O +Ia O +groups O +and O +at O +least O +75 O +% O +class O +- O +Ib O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +the O +' O +essential O +' O +thiol B-Chemical +groups O +in O +urease O +appear O +to O +be O +eeactive O +only O +as O +uncomplicated O +thiolate O +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +Assay O +of O +microsomal O +membrane O +- O +bound O +glutathione B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +insulin I-Chemical +transhydrogenase O +and O +comparison O +with O +protein O +disulphide O +- O +isomerase O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Enzymatic O +thiolysis O +of O +azathioprine B-Chemical +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +isolated O +guinea O +pig O +heart O +the O +effect O +of O +nicotine B-Chemical +on O +heart O +rate O +and O +contraction O +was O +diminished O +. O + +aps B-category +Even O +the O +toxicity O +of O +digoxin B-Chemical +was O +diminished O +by O +previous O +administration O +of O +300 O +mug O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +v O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +found O +that O +the O +anti O +- O +depressant O +drugs O +imipramine B-Chemical +, O +amitriptyline B-Chemical +, O +5 O +- O +methylamino O +- O +acetyl O +- O +6 O +- O +methyl O +- O +5 O +, O +6 O +- O +dihydro O +- O +phenanthridine O +- O +HCl O +( O +Org O +OI77 O +) O +and O +1 O +, O +2 O +, O +3 O +, O +4 O +, O +10 O +, O +14b O +- O +hexahydro O +- O +2 O +- O +methyl O +- O +dibenzo O +[ O +c O +, O +f O +] O +pyrazino O +[ O +1 O +, O +2 O +- O +a O +] O +azepine O +- O +HCl O +( O +mianserin B-Chemical +, O +Org O +GB O +94 O +) O +potentiated O +the O +behavioural O +effect O +of O +DOPA O +in O +groups O +of O +mice O +which O +had O +been O +treated O +17 O +h O +previously O +with O +the O +monoamine O +oxidase O +inhibitor O +( O +MAOI O +) O +iproniazid O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +peptide O +hormones O +ACTH4 O +- O +10 O +and O +desglycinamide O +lysine O +vasopressin B-Chemical +had O +equivocal O +effects O +while O +melanocyte O +stimulating O +hormone O +release O +- O +inhibiting O +factor O +( O +MIF O +) O +had O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +DOPA O +response O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +appeared O +to O +be O +no O +correlation O +between O +the O +effects O +of O +the O +drugs O +on O +the O +behavioural O +responses O +elicited O +by O +DOPA O +and O +the O +changes O +found O +in O +the O +brain O +concentration O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +serotonin B-Chemical +, O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +tryptophan B-Chemical +and O +tyrosine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +motion O +of O +the O +ethanolamine O +head O +group O +in O +unsonicated O +lipid O +bilayers O +above O +and O +below O +the O +phase O +transition O +is O +studied O +by O +means O +of O +deuterium O +and O +phosphorus B-Chemical +magnetic O +resonance O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +the O +phosphorus B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +31 I-Chemical +chemical O +shift O +anisotropies O +of O +planor O +- O +oriented O +and O +randomly O +dispersed O +samples O +of O +dipalmitoyl O +- O +3 O +- O +sn O +- O +phosphatidylethanolamine O +are O +measured O +at O +pH O +5 O +. O +5 O +and O +11 O +by O +applying O +a O +proton O +- O +decoupling O +field O +. 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O +0 O +is O +found O +to O +be O +23 O +nmol O +Mg2 O ++ O +per O +mg O +chlorophyll O +, O +whereas O +in O +a O +sorbitol O +medium O +it O +is O +83 O +nmol O +Mg2 O ++ O +per O +mg O +chlorophyll O +. O + +aps B-category +Provided O +the O +mitochondria O +are O +supplemented O +with O +an O +oxidizable O +substrate O +, O +the O +presence O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +has O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +rate O +of O +deuteroheme O +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Control O +of O +synbiotic O +nitrogen B-Chemical +fixation O +in O +Rhizobia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +major O +conclutions O +are O +( O +i O +) O +physiological O +studies O +show O +that O +Rhizobia O +are O +able O +to O +assimilate O +NH4 O ++ O +for O +growth O +only O +when O +supplemented O +with O +certain O +organic O +nitrogen B-Chemical +sources O +( O +e O +. O +g O +. O +, O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +, O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical +, O +L O +- O +serine O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +addition O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +in O +combination O +with O +NH4 O ++ O +- O +blocked O +NH4 O ++ O +utilization O +; O +( O +ii O +) O +biochemical O +analysis O +show O +that O +glutamate B-Chemical +synthase O +activity O +( O +NADP O +- O +and O +NAD O +- O +linked O +) O +is O +always O +present O +in O +cells O +capable O +of O +assimilating O +NH4 O ++ O +; O +also O +cells O +without O +glutamate B-Chemical +synthase O +activity O +were O +found O +to O +be O +incapable O +of O +NH4 O ++ O +utilization O +. O + +aps B-category +by O +glutamate B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +proposed O +that O +a O +function O +of O +the O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +of O +matrix O +vesicles O +in O +vivo O +is O +to O +hydrolyze O +the O +substrates O +PPi O +, O +ADP O +, O +and O +ATP O +, O +which O +are O +known O +inhibitors O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +precipitation O +. O + +aps B-category +Galactose O +was O +liberated O +from O +galactosyl O +- O +6 O +- O +[ O +3H O +] O +ceramide O +and O +oleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +from O +cholesterol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +[ O +1 O +- O +14C O +] O +oleate O +by O +L O +- O +ascorbic O +acid O +under O +conditins O +usually O +used O +for O +in O +vitro O +incubations O +. O + +aps B-category +Sarcolemma O +isolated O +from O +guinea O +pig O +heart O +ventricles O +possessed O +ATP O +- O +dependent O +Ca2 O ++ O +binding O +and O +accumulation O +( O ++ O +oxalate O +) O +activities O +which O +were O +not O +inhibited O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +azide O +, O +oligomycin O +, O +or O +ruthenium B-Chemical +red O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +uncomplexed O +, O +the O +two O +cysteine B-Chemical +residues O +of O +histone O +H3 O +become O +rapidly O +oxidized O +, O +forming O +an O +intramolecular O +disulfide O +bridge O +which O +apparently O +blocks O +complex O +formation O +on O +return O +to O +complexing O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +far O +ultraviolet O +circular O +dichroism O +spectra O +of O +sheep O +beta O +- O +lipotropic O +hormone O +( O +beta O +- O +LPH O +) O +were O +recorded O +under O +different O +conditions O +of O +pH O +, O +temperature O +, O +salt B-Chemical +concentration O +, O +and O +solvent O +composition O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fusion O +of O +erythrocytes O +by O +treatment O +with O +proteolytic O +enzymes O +and O +polyethylene B-Chemical +glycol I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Ethionine O +- O +induced O +hepatomas O +are O +characterized O +by O +high O +adenylate O +cyclase O +activity O +and O +cyclic B-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +' I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +' I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +monophosphate I-Chemical +content O +relative O +to O +those O +of O +surrounding O +liver O +or O +liver O +from O +pair O +- O +fed O +control O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +cGMP B-Chemical +levels O +of O +the O +ethionine O +- O +induced O +hepatomas O +, O +determined O +in O +both O +specimens O +quick O +- O +forzen O +in O +situ O +and O +after O +in O +vitro O +incubation O +of O +tissue O +slices O +, O +were O +approximately O +2 O +times O +higher O +than O +those O +of O +surrounding O +liver O +or O +controls O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Species O +differences O +in O +the O +metabolism O +and O +disposition O +of O +spironolactone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Spironolactone B-Chemical +was O +extensively O +metabolized O +in O +all O +three O +species O +and O +differences O +existed O +in O +the O +composition O +of O +the O +metabolites O +in O +their O +plasma O +, O +urine O +, O +and O +feces O +. O + +aps B-category +Cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +- O +metabolic O +intermediate O +complexes O +were O +formed O +from O +N O +- O +hydroxyamphetamine O +, O +benzphetamine O +, O +norbenzphetamine O +, O +and O +d O +- O +and O +l B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +in O +lung O +microsomal O +fractions O +and O +from O +N O +- O +hydroxyamphetamine O +in O +small O +intestinal O +mucosa O +microsomal O +fractions O +. 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O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +as O +[ O +HbCO O +] O +was O +increased O +from O +2 O +to O +75 O +% O +, O +the O +fixed O +acid O +Bohr O +factor O +increased O +in O +magnitude O +from O +- O +0 O +. O +20 O +to O +- O +0 O +. O +80 O +at O +very O +low O +oxygen B-Chemical +saturations O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +also O +suggest O +that O +heme O +- O +heme O +interaction O +is O +different O +for O +oxygen B-Chemical +than O +for O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +it O +, O +chemotaxis O +measured O +by O +capillary O +assays O +was O +insensitive O +to O +pH O +between O +5 O +. O +5 O +and O +9 O +, O +and O +to O +temperature O +between O +28 O +degrees O +C O +and O +42 O +degrees O +C O +. O +Chemotaxis O +was O +observed O +toward O +all O +20 O +common O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +with O +thresholds O +varying O +from O +3nM O +for O +alanine B-Chemical +to O +0 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Both O +activities O +are O +inhibited O +by O +diisopropylfluorophosphate B-Chemical +; O +hence O +, O +the O +enzyme O +is O +a O +serine O +protease O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +showed O +catalytic O +activity O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +cobalt B-Chemical +ions O +as O +well O +as O +magnesium B-Chemical +and O +manganese O +ions O +, O +was O +not O +inhibited O +by O +succinate O +in O +fresh O +extracts O +, O +and O +displayed O +a O +low O +Michaelis O +constant O +for O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +27 O +mM O +) O +, O +as O +compared O +with O +other O +PEPCs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +structures O +were O +not O +found O +in O +young O +, O +logarithmically O +growing O +cells O +but O +formed O +in O +these O +cells O +upon O +autolysis O +or O +treatment O +with O +penicillin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +V O +. 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O +5 O +] O +were O +found O +4 O +hr O +after O +the O +beginning O +of O +the O +experiments O +. O + +aps B-category +c O +- O +GMP O +, O +but O +not O +c O +- O +AMP O +, O +could O +induce O +ornithine B-Chemical +decarboxylase O +and O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +in O +isolated O +, O +perfused O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +new O +assay O +procedure O +for O +triglyceride B-Chemical +lipase O +[ O +EC O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +. O +3 O +] O +was O +developed O +in O +which O +radioactive O +triolein O +was O +dissolved O +in O +ethanol B-Chemical +and O +directly O +added O +to O +the O +reaction O +mixture O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +serum O +and O +albumin O +. O + +aps B-category +Adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +- O +dependent O +protein O +kinase O +[ O +EC O +2 O +. O +7 O +. O +1 O +. O +27 O +] O +was O +unable O +to O +activate O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxytocinase O +( O +cystyl O +- O +aminopeptidase O +) O +[ O +EC O +3 O +. O +4 O +. O +11 O +. O +3 O +] O +was O +isolated O +from O +monkey O +placenta O +in O +a O +purified O +form O +by O +a O +six O +- O +step O +prodedure O +comprising O +extraction O +from O +monkey O +placenta O +homogenate O +, O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +fractionation O +, O +repeated O +chromatography O +on O +hydroxylapatite O +, O +chromatography O +on O +a O +column O +of O +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +and O +gel O +filtration O +on O +a O +column O +of O +Sephadex O +G O +- O +200 O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +terminal O +amino B-Chemical +group O +was O +required O +for O +enzyme O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +isolated O +material O +gave O +a O +single O +protein O +band O +on O +analytical O +gel O +electrophoresis O +at O +pH O +3 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +, O +enzyme O +activity O +was O +increased O +by O +heating O +at O +56 O +degrees O +or O +by O +treating O +with O +dimethylsulfoxide O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activated O +and O +native O +enzyme O +had O +apparently O +identical O +mobilities O +in O +acrylamide O +disc O +electrophoresis O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +Activation O +of O +soluble O +guanylate O +cyclase O +from O +rat O +lung O +by O +incubation O +or O +by O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +inhibitors O +suggested O +a O +copper B-Chemical +requirement O +for O +activation O +, O +and O +this O +was O +confirmed O +by O +demonstrating O +that O +20 O +to O +60 O +muM O +CuCl2 O +could O +relieve O +the O +inhibition O +by O +0 O +. O +1 O +mM O +sodium B-Chemical +diethyldithiocarbamate O +. O + +aps B-category +H2O2 B-Chemical +was O +found O +to O +activate O +guanylate O +cyclase O +, O +either O +by O +its O +generation O +in O +the O +lung O +supernatant O +with O +glucose B-Chemical +oxidase O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +or O +by O +its O +addition O +to O +a O +preparation O +in O +which O +the O +catalase O +was O +inhibited O +with O +KCN O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +direct O +evidence O +for O +H2O2 B-Chemical +formation O +during O +preincubation O +could O +be O +found O +, O +however O +, O +indirect O +evidence O +was O +obtained O +by O +the O +spectrophotometric O +detection O +of O +choleglobin O +formation O +from O +hemoglobin O +present O +in O +the O +lung O +supernatant O +fluid O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +fructose O +diphosphate O +, O +AMP O +, O +ATP O +, O +and O +citrate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +was O +also O +studied O +under O +conditions O +approximating O +the O +metabolite O +contents O +of O +skeletal O +muscle O +in O +vivo O +( O +pH O +7 O +. O +0 O +, O +10mM O +ATP O +, O +0 O +. O +1 O +mM O +fructose O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +AMP O +and O +citrate B-Chemical +affect O +the O +maximum O +velocity O +and O +have O +little O +effect O +on O +affinity O +of O +the O +enzyme O +for O +fructose O +diphosphate O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +a O +sharp O +decline O +in O +triiodothyronine O +binding O +by O +this O +component O +above O +pH O +8 O +. O +7 O +( O +optimum O +around O +pH O +7 O +. O +6 O +) O +where O +there O +is O +marked O +dissociation O +of O +the O +4 O +' O +phenolic O +hydroxyl B-Chemical +of O +triiodothyronine O +( O +pKalpha O +approximately O +8 O +. O +5 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +ionization O +of O +the O +phenolic O +hydroxyl B-Chemical +may O +influence O +binding O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relative O +binding O +activities O +of O +triiodothyronine O +, O +isopropyl O +diiodothyronine O +, O +and O +thyroxine B-Chemical +by O +the O +major O +component O +, O +similar O +to O +those O +in O +intact O +nuclei O +, O +parallel O +the O +biological O +potencies O +of O +these O +compounds O +, O +and O +suggest O +that O +the O +dominant O +binding O +is O +by O +biologically O +relevant O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +method O +the O +rates O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +uptake O +and O +H O ++ O +ejection O +were O +measured O +simultaneously O +during O +the O +initial O +period O +of O +respiration O +evoked O +by O +addition O +of O +succinate O +to O +aerobic O +, O +rotenone O +- O +inhibited O +, O +de O +- O +energized O +mitochondria O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Inactivation O +of O +Bacillus O +subtilis O +spores O +by O +heating O +at O +100 O +degrees O +with O +phenylmercuric O +nitrate B-Chemical +or O +acetate O +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +oxidation O +products O +of O +2 O +- O +substituted O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +[ O +proceeding O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Stability O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +hydrochloride I-Chemical +in O +aqueous O +solution O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +investigation O +of O +the O +effects O +of O +added O +electrolytes O +on O +the O +stability O +of O +dextrose B-Chemical +solutions O +to O +autoclaving O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Interaction O +between O +amphetamine B-Chemical +and O +progesterone B-Chemical +: O +effects O +on O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +discrete O +areas O +of O +rat O +brain O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Change O +of O +dissolution O +rate O +profile O +of O +salicylamide O +in O +caffeine B-Chemical +complexing O +medium O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Complex O +formation O +and O +other O +physico O +- O +chemical O +interactions O +between O +griseofulvin O +and O +phenobarbitone B-Chemical +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +in O +vitro O +uptake O +of O +some O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptive I-Chemical +steroids B-Chemical +by O +magnesium B-Chemical +trisilicate O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +R O +factor O +elimination O +from O +Escherichia O +coli O +by O +hydroxyurea O +and O +cytosine B-Chemical +arabinoside I-Chemical +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +instability O +of O +digoxin B-Chemical +during O +the O +U O +. O +S O +. O +P O +. O + +aps B-category +Formulation O +studies O +on O +slow O +- O +release O +phosphate B-Chemical +tablets O +for O +high O +- O +dosage O +administration O +in O +renal O +transplant O +patients O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Morphine B-Chemical +, O +codeine B-Chemical +and O +thebaine O +N O +- O +oxides O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Org O +6216 O +: O +a O +novel O +type O +of O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +steroid B-Chemical +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +synthesis O +of O +( O +R O +) O +- O +( O ++ O +) O +- O +4 O +- O +methyl O +- O +2 O +- O +( O +1 O +- O +naphthylmethyl O +) O +imidazoline B-Chemical +hydrochloride O +( O +2 O +) O +and O +( O +S O +) O +- O +( O +- O +) O +- O +4 O +- O +methyl O +- O +2 O +- O +( O +1 O +- O +naphthylmethyl O +) O +imidazoline B-Chemical +hydrochloride O +( O +3 O +) O +is O +presented O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +quipazine B-Chemical +exerts O +its O +effect O +by O +direct O +stimulation O +of O +serotoninergic O +and O +dopaminergic O +receptors O +, O +whereas O +TRH O +receptors O +may O +represent O +separate O +entities O +and O +TRH O +may O +function O +as O +a O +neurotransmitter O +or O +neuromodulator O +. O + +aps B-category +Metabolic O +oxidative O +profiles O +of O +diazepam B-Chemical +( O +I O +) O +were O +obtained O +by O +aromatic O +C O +- O +4 O +' O +- O +hydroxylation O +, O +N O +- O +1 O +- O +demethylation O +, O +and O +3 O +- O +hydroxylation O +using O +a O +supernatant O +of O +rat O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +Metyrapone O +inhibition O +was O +more O +pronounced O +following O +than O +prior O +to O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +treatment O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Nifedipine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +M O +) O +abolished O +the O +electrical O +and O +mechanical O +responses O +which O +had O +been O +restored O +by O +histamine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +but O +TTX O +( O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +did O +not O +affect O +them O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +maximum O +rate O +of O +rise O +and O +the O +amplitude O +of O +the O +action O +potential O +restored O +by O +histamine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +decreased O +with O +increase O +in O +stimulus O +frequency O +from O +0 O +. O +1 O +- O +1 O +. O +6 O +Hz O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +electrical O +and O +mechanical O +responses O +restored O +by O +histamine B-Chemical +( O +3 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +or O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +were O +depressed O +by O +metiamide O +( O +3 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +M O +) O +but O +not O +by O +diphenhydramine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +or O +bufetolol O +( O +10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +M O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +histamine B-Chemical +may O +enhance O +the O +slow O +inward O +Ca2 O ++ O +current O +mediated O +by O +histamine B-Chemical +H2 O +- O +receptors O +and O +the O +adenylate O +cyclase O +system O +in O +ventricular O +muscle O +and O +that O +the O +positive O +inotropic O +action O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +may O +be O +attributed O +to O +these O +mechanisms O +. O + +aps B-category +Superfusion O +of O +the O +anterior O +hypothalamus O +with O +the O +alpha O +- O +adrenoreceptor O +blocking O +drugs O +tolazoline O +, O +piperoxan O +, O +yohimbine B-Chemical +or O +phentolamine B-Chemical +caused O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +inhibition O +of O +the O +depressor O +response O +to O +hypothalamic O +stimulation O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +vivo O +studies O +demonstrate O +that O +administration O +of O +gamma O +- O +butyrolactone O +, O +a O +precursor O +of O +gamma O +- O +hydroxybutyric O +acid O +causes O +a O +rapid O +increase O +in O +endogenous O +levels O +of O +striatal O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +an O +increase O +in O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +measured O +by O +following O +the O +short O +term O +accumulation O +of O +dihydroxyphenylalanine O +. O + +aps B-category +If O +dopamine B-Chemical +is O +allowed O +to O +accumulate O +for O +30 O +min O +following O +administration O +of O +GBL O +this O +increased O +dopamine B-Chemical +can O +be O +released O +by O +stimulation O +of O +the O +nigro O +- O +neostriatal O +pathway O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +the O +increased O +dopamine B-Chemical +is O +present O +in O +a O +pool O +which O +is O +releasable O +by O +neuronal O +stimulation O +and O +is O +subsequently O +exposed O +to O +MAO O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +rat O +and O +guinea O +- O +pig O +auricles O +as O +well O +as O +in O +Langendorff O +hearts O +of O +guinea O +- O +pigs O +the O +extent O +and O +rate O +of O +the O +positive O +inotropic O +effect O +induced O +by O +toxin O +II O +depended O +on O +the O +extracellular O +calcium B-Chemical +concentration O +( O +0 O +. O +45 O +to O +2 O +. O +7 O +mM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Benzodiazepine O +- O +induced O +modifications O +of O +dream O +content O +: O +the O +effect O +of O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +By O +comparison O +with O +placebo O +condition O +, O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +induced O +more O +unpleasantness O +, O +more O +verbal O +aggressivity O +, O +more O +physical O +aggressivity O +, O +and O +more O +sexuality O +in O +dreams O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +levels O +did O +not O +correlate O +with O +sex O +, O +age O +, O +or O +method O +of O +abortion O +; O +however O +, O +they O +were O +5 O +times O +higher O +in O +the O +two O +fetuses O +which O +survived O +for O +more O +than O +1 O +. O +5 O +hr O +after O +delivery O +. O + +aps B-category +Phenylalanine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +is O +known O +to O +appear O +in O +rat O +liver O +on O +the O +20th O +to O +21st O +day O +of O +gestation O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +, O +that O +parathyroid O +hormone O +and O +cyclic O +AMP O +produce O +urinary O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +excretion O +by O +a O +mechanism O +independent O +of O +carbonic O +anhydrase O +inhibition O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Some O +problems O +of O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +pathology O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +order O +to O +develop O +a O +better O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptor O +radioligand O +, O +[ O +3H O +[ O +apomorphine B-Chemical +was O +prepared O +and O +tested O +for O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +like I-Chemical +binding O +properties O +in O +both O +calf O +and O +human O +brain O +tissues O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +specific O +binding O +was O +saturable O +, O +the O +number O +of O +sites O +being O +double O +that O +of O +specific O +[ O +3H O +] O +dopamine B-Chemical +binding O +, O +and O +occurred O +primarily O +in O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +rich I-Chemical +regions O +of O +postmortem O +human O +brains O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +there O +was O +little O +desorption O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +apomorphine B-Chemical +, O +the O +ligand O +permits O +extensive O +washing O +during O +routine O +assays O +for O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptors O +, O +and O +facilitates O +biochemical O +purification O +of O +the O +receptor O +. O + +aps B-category +Pyruvate O +, O +phosphate B-Chemical +dikinase O +( O +EC O +2 O +- O +7 O +- O +9 O +- O +1 O +) O +catalyzes O +formation O +of O +phosphoenolpyruvate O +, O +AMP O +, O +and O +inorganic O +pyrophosphate O +from O +pyruvate B-Chemical +, O +ATP O +, O +and O +orthophosphate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +heart O +showed O +the O +characteristic O +spectrum O +of O +sugar O +phosphates O +, O +inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +phosphocreatine O +, O +and O +magniesium O +phates O +, O +inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +phosphocreatine O +, O +and O +magnesium B-Chemical +ATP O +, O +characteristics O +of O +the O +energizing O +state O +of O +the O +nonbeating O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +histamine B-Chemical +, O +inhibited O +crosslinking O +when O +the O +cells O +were O +incubated O +with O +Ca2 O ++ O +and O +ionophore O +. O + +aps B-category +Uptake O +of O +L O +- O +proline O +and O +glycine B-Chemical +by O +rat O +renal O +brushborder O +membrane O +vesicles O +was O +seen O +to O +be O +osmotically O +sensitive O +, O +pH O +dependent O +, O +and O +occurred O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +proline O +and O +glycine B-Chemical +metabolism O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Increases O +in O +plasma O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +were O +found O +in O +a O +group O +of O +12 O +subjects O +smoking B-Chemical +cigarettes O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +inhibition O +of O +the O +peripheral O +effects O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +did O +not O +affect O +subjective O +satisfaction O +, O +indicating O +that O +central O +effects O +or O +other O +rewards O +are O +more O +important O +reinforcers O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +neurotransmitters O +are O +synthesized O +in O +the O +brain O +from O +aromatic O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +precursors O +that O +have O +to O +be O +obtained O +from O +the O +circulating O +blood O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +too O +little O +neurotransmitter O +will O +be O +formed O +if O +competition O +between O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +for O +the O +carriers O +transporting O +them O +into O +the O +cerebral O +cells O +causes O +the O +exclusion O +of O +a O +large O +proportion O +of O +any O +of O +the O +aromatic O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +precursors O +from O +the O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +these O +, O +L O +- O +phenylalanine O +inhibits O +the O +transport O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +into O +the O +brain O +most O +effectively O +, O +while O +aromatic O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +general O +exclude O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +more O +effectively O +than O +do O +other O +neutral O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +chlordiazepoxide O +, O +ripazepam O +and O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +on O +conditioned O +acceleration O +of O +timing O +behaviour O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Baseline O +response O +rates O +were O +also O +increased O +by O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +25 O +, O +0 O +. O +5 O +, O +1 O +. O +0 O +and O +2 O +. O +0 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +and O +at O +the O +higher O +doses O +this O +drug O +completely O +abolished O +the O +accelerated O +responding O +during O +the O +preshock O +stimulus O +. O + +aps B-category +Head O +twitches O +induced O +by O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +and O +the O +role O +of O +biogenic O +amines B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +Action O +of O +enpiprazole O +on O +emotional O +behavior O +elicited O +by O +hypothalamic O +stimulation O +in O +rats O +and O +cats O +was O +investigated O +and O +comparisons O +were O +made O +with O +effects O +of O +diazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +By O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +diazepam B-Chemical +consistently O +elevated O +thresholds O +. O + +aps B-category +Single O +and O +repeated O +administration O +of O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +to O +rats O +: O +effects O +on O +striatal O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +adenylate O +cyclase O +and O +locomotor O +activity O +produced O +by O +tranylcypromine B-Chemical +and O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +or O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Dopa I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Increased O +locomotor O +activity O +of O +a O +different O +type O +is O +elicited O +by O +injection O +of O +tranylcypromine B-Chemical +and O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +, O +a O +procedure O +which O +increased O +dopaminergic O +function O +in O +the O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibition O +produced O +by O +these O +drugs O +on O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +hyperactivity O +is O +probably O +because O +a O +dopaminergic O +system O +is O +involved O +in O +the O +behavioural O +expression O +of O +the O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +induced O +hyperactivity O +. O + +aps B-category +Also O +ineffective O +were O +the O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +pimozide O +and O +clozapine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Rats O +treated O +for O +4 O +or O +more O +days O +with O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +, O +alpha O +- O +flupenthixol O +, O +spiroperidol O +and O +haloperidol B-Chemical +subsequently O +showed O +enhanced O +locomotor O +activity O +in O +response O +to O +tranylcypromine B-Chemical +and O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Dopa I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +rats O +displaying O +enhanced O +behavioural O +responses O +no O +evidence O +was O +found O +for O +enhanced O +sensitivity O +of O +striatal O +adenylate O +cyclase O +to O +dopamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +) O +, O +a O +new O +potential O +antianxiety O +agent O +, O +increased O +brain O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +( O +NE O +) O +turnover O +in O +rats O +, O +reflecting O +a O +possible O +central O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +receptor O +blocking O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +both O +drugs O +on O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +indicate O +a O +decrease O +in O +turnover O +with O +no O +significant O +monoamine O +oxidase O +activity O +or O +blockade O +of O +the O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +reuptake O +mechanism O +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +drug O +caused O +consistent O +changes O +in O +endogenous O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +or O +tryptophan B-Chemical +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +kinins O +on O +the O +level O +of O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +and O +serotonin B-Chemical +and O +on O +their O +metabolites O +, O +i O +. O +e O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +double O +- O +blind O +crossover O +trial O +comparing O +lorazepam B-Chemical +at O +two O +dosage O +levels O +with O +amylobarbitone O +supported O +previous O +reports O +of O +the O +effective O +anxiolytic O +action O +of O +the O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +primary O +aim O +during O +anesthetic O +management O +of O +the O +patient O +with O +coronary O +artery O +disease O +is O +prevention O +of O +imbalance O +between O +myocardial O +oxygen B-Chemical +supply O +and O +demand O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +major O +determinants O +of O +myocardial O +oxygen B-Chemical +demand O +are O +mechanical O +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effect O +of O +combined O +application O +of O +halothane B-Chemical +and O +some O +central O +depressants O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +interactions O +turned O +out O +to O +be O +supra O +- O +additive O +, O +more O +pronounced O +in O +the O +case O +of O +diazepam B-Chemical +and O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +than O +in O +the O +case O +of O +medazepam O +, O +pentobarbitone O +or O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Isolation O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +in O +biological O +fluids O +by O +boric O +acid O +gel O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effects O +of O +naloxone B-Chemical +on O +postoperative O +analgesia O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Even O +in O +titrated O +doses O +naloxone B-Chemical +rapidly O +abolished O +residual O +post O +- O +operative O +fentanyl B-Chemical +analgesia O +in O +80 O +p O +. O +100 O +of O +the O +patients O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +efficiency O +of O +conversion O +of O +lactose O +to O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +usually O +exceeds O +95 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +day O +old O +male O +mice O +received O +a O +single O +injection O +of O +oestradiol O +benzoate O +, O +testosterone B-Chemical +propionate I-Chemical +or O +cyproterone B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +in O +order O +to O +study O +their O +action O +on O +testicular O +development O +, O +particularly O +testosterone B-Chemical +secretion O +. O + +aps B-category +Testosterone B-Chemical +propionate O +produced O +moderate O +reduction O +of O +testicular O +weight O +but O +spermatogenesis O +was O +not O +impaired O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyproterone B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +increased O +significantly O +testicular O +testosterone B-Chemical +level O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +double O +contrast B-Chemical +examination O +of O +the O +colon O +experiences O +with O +the O +Welin O +Modification O +. O + +aps B-category +the O +quantity O +of O +N O +contained O +in O +the O +reaction O +vessel O +( O +residue O +) O +and O +in O +the O +resulting O +dialysis O +products O +as O +determined O +by O +Kjehldahl O +microanalysis O +and O +automatic O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +analysis O +, O +the O +proportions O +of O +digestion O +products O +found O +in O +the O +different O +molecular O +ranges O +after O +partition O +of O +Sephadex O +G O +75 O +and O +the O +composition O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +the O +cleavage O +products O +. O + +aps B-category +Additions O +of O +Cu2 O ++ O +had O +no O +influence O +on O +the O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ability O +of O +zinc B-Chemical +to O +activate O +the O +mutant O +enzyme O +in O +vitro O +offers O +a O +possible O +mode O +of O +therapy O +for O +this O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +a O +micromethod O +the O +authors O +have O +measured O +the O +pH O +, O +and O +the O +partial O +pressure O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +and O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +in O +the O +aqueous O +humour O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reactions O +of O +D O +- O +glyceraldehyde O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +with O +thiols B-Chemical +and O +the O +holoenzyme O +of O +D O +- O +glyceraldehyde O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +and O +of O +inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +with O +the O +acyl O +- O +holoenzyme O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +rates O +of O +the O +phosphorolysis O +reaction O +and O +of O +the O +aldehyde B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +association I-Chemical +reaction O +decrease O +with O +increasing O +ionic O +strength O +, O +suggesting O +that O +the O +active O +site O +of O +the O +enzyme O +has O +cationic O +groups O +which O +are O +involved O +in O +the O +reaction O +of O +the O +enzyme O +with O +anionic O +substrates O +. O + +aps B-category +Identity O +of O +isoenzyme O +1 O +of O +histidine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +pyruvate I-Chemical +aminotransferase O +with O +serine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +pyruvate I-Chemical +aminotransferase O +. O + +aps B-category +Histidine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +pyruvate I-Chemical +aminotransferase O +isoenzyme O +1 O +, O +with O +pI8 O +. O +0 O +, O +was O +purified O +to O +homogeneity O +from O +the O +mitochondrial O +fraction O +of O +liver O +from O +glucagon O +- O +injected O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +transamination O +with O +pyruvate B-Chemical +, O +the O +activity O +with O +serine O +reached O +a O +constant O +ratio O +to O +that O +with O +histidine O +during O +purification O +, O +which O +was O +unchanged O +by O +a O +variety O +of O +treatments O +of O +the O +purified O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +absorbance O +maximum O +at O +410 O +nm O +and O +the O +inhibition O +by O +carbonyl O +reagents O +strongly O +indicate O +the O +presence O +of O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +adsorption O +of O +[ O +14C O +] O +carboxymethylated O +glyceraldehyde O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +to O +negatively O +charged O +liposomes O +of O +phsphatidic O +acid O +/ O +phosphatidylcholine O +( O +3 O +: O +7 O +, O +w O +/ O +w O +) O +was O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +positively O +charged O +liposomes O +, O +the O +Km O +value O +for O +glyceraldehyde O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +decreased O +and O +there O +was O +no O +significant O +change O +in O +Vmax O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +microsomal O +activities O +of O +the O +hepatic O +enzymes O +hydroxymethylglutaryl O +- O +CoA O +reductase O +and O +cholesterol B-Chemical +7 O +alpha O +- O +hydroxylase O +exhibit O +a O +diurnal O +rhythm O +with O +maximum O +activities O +observed O +during O +the O +dark O +period O +and O +minimum O +activities O +around O +noon O +( O +12 O +: O +00h O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +response O +appeared O +to O +require O +protein O +synthesis O +, O +since O +it O +was O +blocked O +by O +actinomycin O +D O +. O +However O +, O +the O +administration O +of O +cortisol B-Chemical +to O +adrenalectomized O +rats O +3 O +h O +before O +the O +expected O +minimum O +did O +not O +result O +in O +significant O +change O +in O +the O +activity O +of O +hydroxymethylglutaryl O +- O +CoA O +reductase O +and O +cholesterol B-Chemical +7 O +alpha O +- O +hydroxylase O +3 O +h O +later O +. O + +aps B-category +Mechanism O +of O +inhibition O +by O +carbonyl O +cyanide O +m O +- O +chlorophenylhydrazone O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +deoxycholate I-Chemical +of O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +- O +catalysed O +hepatic O +microsomal O +drug O +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +deoxycholate O +at O +a O +concentration O +of O +0 O +. O +01 O +% O +lacks O +its O +detergent O +properties O +, O +but O +competitively O +inhibits O +aminopyrine O +binding O +and O +activates O +the O +initial O +rate O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +P O +- O +450 O +reductase O +. O + +aps B-category +and O +that O +for O +N O +- O +demethylation O +of O +aminopyrine O +is O +the O +activity O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +P O +- O +450 O +reductase O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +of O +them O +reveals O +selective O +sensitivity O +to O +the O +protonation O +action O +of O +carbonyl O +cyanide O +m O +- O +chlorophenylhydrazone O +and O +contains O +the O +' O +binding O +protein O +' O +for O +type O +I O +substrates O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +P O +- O +450 O +reductase O +; O +the O +other O +contains O +the O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +haem O +group O +and O +binding O +sites O +for O +type O +II O +substrates O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activities O +of O +30 O +different O +lysosomal O +enzymes O +were O +determined O +in O +vitro O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +the O +sulphated O +glycosaminoglycans O +, O +heparin B-Chemical +and O +chondroitin O +sulphate O +, O +all O +the O +enzymes O +being O +measured O +on O +a O +density O +- O +gradient O +- O +purified O +lysosomal O +fraction O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +certain O +enzymes O +, O +such O +as O +acid O +beta O +- O +glycerophosphatase O +, O +alpha O +- O +galactosidase O +, O +acid O +lipase O +, O +lysozyme O +and O +phospholipase O +A2 O +, O +the O +pH O +- O +dependent O +behaviour O +obtained O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +was O +quite O +different O +to O +that O +obtained O +with O +chondroitin O +sulphate O +, O +suggesting O +the O +existence O +of O +physicochemical O +characteristic O +factors O +playing O +a O +role O +in O +the O +intermolecular O +interaction O +for O +each O +of O +the O +sulphated O +glycosaminoglycans O +studied O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +partial O +purification O +of O +the O +NAD O +- O +linked O +" O +malic O +" O +enzyme O +from O +Glossina O +was O +effected O +by O +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +chromatography O +, O +which O +separated O +the O +enzyme O +from O +malate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +and O +NADP O +- O +linked O +" O +malic O +" O +enzyme O +, O +but O +not O +from O +oxaloacetate B-Chemical +decarboxylase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +specific O +activity O +of O +mitochondrial O +ATPase O +( O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphatase O +) O +in O +extracts O +of O +Schizosaccharomyces O +pombe O +decreased O +2 O +. O +5 O +- O +fold O +as O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +concentration O +in O +the O +growth O +medium O +decreased O +from O +50mM O +to O +15mM O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ATPase O +of O +glycerol O +- O +grown O +cells O +was O +less O +sensitive O +to O +inhibitors O +than O +that O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +repressed I-Chemical +cells O +; O +change O +in O +values O +for O +I50 O +were O +not O +so O +marked O +during O +the O +growth O +cycle O +of O +cells O +growing O +with O +glycerol O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +proposed O +that O +alterations O +in O +sensitivity O +to O +inhibitors O +at O +different O +stages O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +derepression O +may O +be O +partly O +controlled O +by O +a O +naturally O +occuring O +inhibitor O +of O +ATPase O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +insulin O +concentrations O +in O +fed O +rats O +were O +altered O +acutely O +by O +administration O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +or O +anti O +- O +insulin O +serum O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +liver O +, O +although O +changes O +in O +rates O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesis O +were O +found O +, O +the O +initial O +activity O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +did O +not O +alter O +, O +but O +small O +parallel O +changes O +in O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +carboxylase O +activity O +were O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +lung O +and O +liver O +of O +tocopherol O +- O +deficient O +rats O +, O +the O +activities O +of O +glutathione B-Chemical +peroxidase O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +were O +increased O +substantially O +, O +suggesting O +an O +important O +role O +for O +both O +enzymes O +in O +protecting O +the O +organ O +against O +the O +deleterious O +effects O +of O +lipid O +peroxides B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +the O +rate O +of O +production O +of O +lipid O +peroxide B-Chemical +and O +H2O2 B-Chemical +in O +the O +perfused O +organ O +could O +be O +compared O +by O +simultaneous O +measurement O +of O +the O +rate O +of O +glutathione B-Chemical +release O +and O +the O +turnover O +number O +of O +the O +catalase O +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +Tocopherol O +deficiency O +caused O +a O +marked O +increase O +in O +lipid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +formation O +as O +indicated O +by O +a O +corresponding O +increase O +in O +glutathione B-Chemical +release O +under O +hyperbaric O +oxygenation O +, O +with O +a O +further O +enhancement O +when O +the O +tocopherol O +- O +deficient O +rats O +were O +also O +starved O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclic O +AMP O +- O +dependent O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +uptake O +in O +intestine O +- O +- O +the O +importance O +of O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +agonists O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +in O +vivo O +and O +in O +vitro O +effects O +of O +cyproterone B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +( O +CA O +) O +, O +an O +antiandrogenic O +compound O +, O +on O +the O +proteinase O +activities O +in O +epididymal O +and O +testicular O +spermatozoa O +in O +male O +albino O +rats O +was O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +experiments O +show O +that O +the O +stability O +of O +proscillaridine O +in O +gastric O +juice O +is O +comparable O +with O +the O +stability O +of O +digitalis B-Chemical +glycosides I-Chemical +and O +digoxin B-Chemical +derivatives O +. O + +aps B-category +Pharmacokinetic O +studies O +indicate O +a O +longer O +plasma O +half O +- O +ife O +for O +piroxicam B-Chemical +than O +for O +these O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +high O +potency O +, O +long O +half O +- O +life O +and O +absence O +of O +cardiovascular O +or O +cental O +nervous O +system O +effects O +have O +encouraged O +clinical O +trial O +of O +piroxicam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +BD O +40A O +was O +similar O +to O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +, O +more O +potent O +than O +trimetoquinol O +, O +orciprenaline B-Chemical +and O +salbutamol B-Chemical +in O +increasing O +heart O +rate O +by O +s O +. O +c O +. O +route O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +order O +of O +bronchoselectivity O +( O +ratio O +between O +ED30 O +beats O +/ O +min O +vs O +. O +ED50 O +) O +in O +conscious O +guinea O +pigs O +was O +salbutamol B-Chemical +greater O +than O +BD O +40A O += O +trimetoquinol O +greater O +than O +orciprenaline B-Chemical +greater O +than O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +by O +s O +. O +c O +. O +administration O +, O +and O +by O +oral O +administration O +the O +order O +was O +BD O +40A O += O +salbutamol B-Chemical +greater O +than O +trimetoquinol O += O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Pentagastrin O +has O +a O +distinct O +effect O +on O +the O +ratios O +of O +Na O ++ O +, O +K O ++ O +, O +H O ++ O +/ O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +in O +the O +gastric O +juice O +in O +the O +different O +states O +of O +acidity O +. O + +aps B-category +injection O +corresponds O +to O +that O +of O +salbutamol B-Chemical +in O +all O +laboratory O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +conscious O +rabbits O +, O +anesthetised O +guinea O +- O +pigs O +, O +dogs O +and O +cats O +the O +maximum O +of O +tachycardia O +obtainable O +by O +clenbuterol O +is O +lower O +than O +that O +of O +salbutamol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +other O +beta O +- O +mimetic O +substances O +, O +clenbuterol O +causes O +only O +slight O +mobilization O +of O +heart O +muscle O +glycogen O +by O +doses O +higher O +than O +those O +which O +have O +broncholytic O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Degree O +and O +duration O +of O +action O +of O +clenbuterol O +and O +the O +other O +sympathomimetic O +amines B-Chemical +on O +skeletal O +muscle O +of O +the O +cat O +shows O +parallelism O +with O +that O +of O +the O +broncholytic O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +other O +broncholytic O +substances O +, O +a O +very O +small O +dosage O +of O +clenbuterol O +is O +sufficient O +to O +protect O +rats O +against O +the O +liberation O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +and O +serotonin B-Chemical +caused O +by O +the O +anaphylactic O +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +Suitable O +substitution O +on O +both O +nitrogen B-Chemical +atoms O +afforded O +extremely O +potent O +analgesics O +. O + +aps B-category +Onset O +, O +potency O +and O +duration O +of O +analgesic O +action O +were O +assessed O +in O +the O +tail O +withdrawal O +test O +and O +compared O +with O +the O +activity O +of O +fentanyl B-Chemical +, O +( O ++ O +) O +- O +cis O +- O +3 O +- O +methylfentanyl O +( O +R O +26 O +800 O +) O +, O +morphine B-Chemical +, O +and O +pethidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +cis O +- O +Methyl O +3 O +- O +methyl O +- O +4 O +- O +[ O +N O +- O +( O +1 O +- O +oxopropyl O +) O +- O +N O +- O +phenylamino O +] O +- O +1 O +- O +( O +2 O +- O +phenylethyl O +) O +- O +4 O +- O +piperidine O +carboxylate O +( O +R O +32 O +792 O +) O +is O +the O +longest O +acting O +compound O +( O +more O +than O +8 O +h O +at O +4 O +times O +the O +lowest O +ED50 O +) O +and O +N O +- O +[ O +4 O +- O +( O +1 O +- O +oxopropyl O +) O +- O +1 O +- O +[ O +2 O +- O +( O +2 O +- O +thienyl O +) O +ethyl O +] O +- O +4 O +- O +piperidinyl O +] O +- O +N O +- O +phenylpropanamide O +( O +R O +33 O +352 O +) O +is O +the O +shortest O +acting O +compound O +( O +0 O +. O +74 O +h O +at O +4 O +times O +the O +lowest O +ED50 O +) O +of O +the O +4 O +- O +substituted O +fentanyl B-Chemical +derivatives O +. O + +aps B-category +Sufentanil O +, O +a O +very O +potent O +and O +extremely O +safe O +intravenous O +morphine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +like I-Chemical +compound O +in O +mice O +, O +rats O +and O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +is O +2304 O +times O +more O +potent O +than O +morphine B-Chemical +( O +hot O +plate O +ED50 O +' O +s O +: O +0 O +. O +0028 O +and O +6 O +. O +45 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +respectively O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +is O +4521 O +times O +more O +potent O +than O +morphine B-Chemical +( O +tail O +withdrawal O +test O +ED50 O +' O +s O +: O +0 O +. O +00071 O +and O +3 O +. O +21 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +respectively O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +is O +2429 O +times O +more O +potent O +than O +morphine B-Chemical +( O +apomorphine B-Chemical +antagonism O +test O +ED50 O +' O +s O +: O +0 O +. O +00028 O +and O +0 O +. O +68 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +respectively O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Failure O +of O +benzoctamine O +to O +influence O +the O +activity O +of O +rat O +striatum O +tyrosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxylase I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Injection O +of O +100 O +mg O +benzoctamine O +/ O +kg O +body O +weight O +caused O +no O +alteration O +in O +the O +tyrosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxylase I-Chemical +activity O +whilst O +a O +decrease O +of O +about O +60 O +% O +in O +the O +activity O +was O +recorded O +after O +treatment O +with O +a B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +p I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +a O +known O +inhibitor O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxylase I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Results O +are O +reported O +for O +the O +self O +- O +diffusion O +coefficient O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +associated O +with O +lipoprotein O +molecules O +in O +dogs O +' O +serum O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +4 O +in O +the O +temperature O +range O +18 O +- O +37 O +degrees O +C O +. O +The O +diffusivity O +of O +bovine O +serum O +albumin O +in O +serum O +has O +also O +been O +studied O +as O +a O +function O +of O +temperature O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +4 O +and O +4 O +. O +7 O +. O + +aps B-category +Labetalol B-Chemical +1 O +- O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +administered O +intravenously O +to O +normal O +subjects O +in O +the O +supine O +position O +produced O +an O +immediate O +mean O +fall O +in O +systolic O +( O +16 O +% O +) O +and O +diastolic O +( O +25 O +% O +) O +blood O +pressure O +with O +a O +concomitant O +increase O +in O +heart O +rate O +( O +12 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Isoprenaline O +log O +dose O +response O +curves O +of O +increase O +in O +heart O +rate O +and O +reduction O +in O +diastolic O +pressure O +after O +intravenous O +labetalol B-Chemical +shifted O +to O +the O +right O +in O +a O +parallel O +manner O +compared O +with O +pre B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +labetalol I-Chemical +response O +curves O +suggestive O +of O +competitive O +antagonism O +at O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +sites O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ratio O +of O +relative O +potency O +alpha O +: O +beta O +adrenoceptor O +antagonism O +after O +intravenous O +labetalol B-Chemical +was O +approximately O +1 O +: O +7 O +, O +whereas O +in O +the O +same O +subjects O +after O +oral O +labetalol B-Chemical +the O +ratio O +was O +approximately O +1 O +: O +3 O +as O +previously O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +Estimates O +of O +relative O +potency O +using O +inhibition O +of O +tilt O +tachycardia O +were O +complicated O +by O +the O +additional O +effects O +upon O +blood O +pressure O +after O +labetalol B-Chemical +not O +seen O +after O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +Bordetella O +pertussis B-Chemical +vaccine I-Chemical +on O +cerebral O +vascular O +permeability O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +permeability O +changes O +in O +the O +cerebral O +vessels O +may O +be O +involved O +in O +the O +evolution O +of O +the O +encephalopathy O +attributed O +to O +the O +use O +of O +Bordetella O +pertussis B-Chemical +vaccine I-Chemical +in O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +Local O +inflammation O +evoked O +in O +Swiss O +albino O +mice O +by O +subcutaneous O +injection O +of O +Celite O +resulted O +in O +a O +rise O +of O +liver O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +activity O +and O +plasma O +level O +of O +fibrinogen O +and O +seromucoid O +, O +while O +liver O +alanine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +activity O +and O +plasma O +level O +of O +fibrinogen O +and O +seromucoid O +, O +while O +liver O +alanine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +activity O +and O +the O +plasma O +level O +of O +albumin O +and O +total O +protein O +remained O +unaltered O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +galactosamine I-Chemical +( O +2 O +- O +5 O +mg O +/ O +10 O +g O +body O +weight O +) O +inhibited O +the O +enhanced O +synthesis O +of O +liver O +proteins O +, O +and O +especially O +of O +trauma O +- O +induced O +synthesis O +of O +plasma O +fibrinogen O +and O +seromucoid O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +obtained O +support O +the O +idea O +that O +high O +doses O +of O +galactosamine B-Chemical +inhibit O +transcription O +of O +trauma O +- O +inducible O +mRNA O +in O +the O +liver O +and O +thus O +block O +the O +acute O +- O +phase O +response O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +controlled O +double O +- O +blind O +cross O +- O +over O +trial O +in O +10 O +patients O +comprising O +six O +with O +open O +- O +angle O +glaucoma O +, O +three O +with O +closed O +- O +angle O +glaucoma O +, O +and O +one O +with O +ocular O +hypertension O +, O +a O +single O +oral O +dose O +of O +atenolol B-Chemical +( O +50 O +mg O +) O +was O +significantly O +more O +effective O +than O +propranolol B-Chemical +( O +40 O +mg O +) O +in O +reducing O +ocular O +tension O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +there O +is O +no O +significant O +secretion O +of O +lipolytic O +enzymes O +by O +the O +fundal O +mucosa O +and O +that O +the O +lipolysis O +of O +triglycerides B-Chemical +in O +the O +abomasum O +of O +the O +preruminant O +calf O +is O +due O +predominantly O +to O +a O +lipolytic O +enzyme O +in O +saliva O +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +is O +also O +provided O +for O +a O +charge O +- O +transfer O +interaction O +between O +protonated O +histidine O +and O +tryptophan B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +luminescence O +properties O +( O +fluorescence O +and O +phosphorescence O +) O +of O +luliberin O +have O +been O +investigated O +at O +liquid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nitrogen I-Chemical +temperature O +( O +77 O +K O +) O +in O +50 O +% O +ethylene O +glycolaqueous O +buffer O +at O +various O +pH O +' O +s O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +are O +discussed O +with O +respect O +to O +the O +role O +played O +by O +aromatic O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +both O +in O +the O +hormone O +conformation O +and O +in O +the O +hormone O +biological O +potency O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +aqueous O +polymer O +phase O +system O +containing O +6 O +. O +3 O +% O +( O +w O +/ O +w O +) O +dextran B-Chemical +and O +3 O +. O +5 O +% O +( O +w O +/ O +w O +) O +poly O +( O +ethylene O +glycol O +) O +in O +10 O +mM O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +( O +pH O +8 O +. O +0 O +) O +was O +developed O +to O +select O +RNA O +- O +DNA O +hybrids O +from O +unhybridized O +RNA O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +early O +kinetic O +steps O +of O +actomyosin O +subfragment O +1 O +( O +acto O +- O +S1 O +) O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphatase O +have O +been O +investigated O +by O +simultaneous O +monitoring O +of O +fluorescence O +and O +light O +scattering O +and O +also O +by O +observation O +of O +the O +time O +course O +of O +the O +production O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +maximum O +rates O +for O +fluorescence O +enhancement O +or O +phosphate B-Chemical +formation O +are O +reached O +at O +much O +lower O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphate I-Chemical +concentrations O +for O +acto O +- O +S1 O +than O +for O +S1 O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +actin O +concentrations O +up O +to O +10 O +muM O +, O +the O +rate O +of O +reassociation O +of O +the O +product O +intermediate O +was O +equal O +to O +the O +rate O +of O +actomyosin O +subfragment O +1 O +( O +acto O +- O +S1 O +) O +or O +acto O +- O +HMM O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphatase O +( O +ATPase O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +process O +was O +detected O +by O +equilibrium O +temperature O +jump O +spectroscopy O +using O +the O +indicator O +probe O +phenol B-Chemical +red O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +alcohols O +on O +the O +structure O +and O +function O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Km O +values O +for O +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adenosyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methionine I-Chemical +, O +histone O +H4 O +, O +and O +an O +ancephalitogenic O +basic O +protein O +are O +7 O +. O +6 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +, O +2 O +. O +5 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +, O +and O +7 O +. O +1 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +, O +respectively O +, O +and O +the O +Ki O +value O +for O +S O +- O +adenosyl O +- O +L O +- O +homocysteine O +is O +2 O +. O +62 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +M O +. O +The O +enzyme O +is O +highly O +specific O +for O +the O +arginine O +residues O +of O +protein O +, O +and O +the O +end O +products O +after O +hydrolysis O +of O +the O +methylated O +protein O +are O +NG O +, O +NG O +- O +di O +( O +asymmetric O +) O +, O +NG O +, O +N O +' O +G O +- O +di O +( O +symmetric O +) O +, O +and O +NG O +- O +monomethylarginine O +. O + +aps B-category +Product O +inhibition O +by O +S O +- O +adenosyl O +- O +L O +- O +homocysteine O +with O +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adenosyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methionine I-Chemical +as O +the O +varied O +substrate O +was O +competitive O +regardless O +of O +whether O +or O +not O +the O +enzyme O +was O +saturated O +with O +histone O +H4 O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +the O +mechanism O +of O +the O +protein O +methylase O +I O +reaction O +is O +a O +Sequential O +Ordered O +Bi O +Bi O +mechanism O +with O +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adenosyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methionine I-Chemical +as O +the O +first O +substrate O +, O +histone O +H4 O +as O +the O +second O +substrate O +, O +methylated O +histone O +H4 O +as O +the O +first O +product O +, O +and O +S O +- O +adenosyl O +- O +L O +- O +homocysteine O +as O +the O +second O +product O +released O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +a O +combination O +of O +ion O +- O +exchange O +, O +molecular O +- O +sieve O +, O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +exchange I-Chemical +, O +and O +affinity O +chromatography O +, O +luciferase O +has O +been O +purified O +, O +approximately O +12 O +000 O +- O +fold O +with O +24 O +% O +recovery O +, O +to O +homogeneity O +as O +judged O +by O +analysis O +with O +disc O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +- O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +, O +gel O +filtration O +, O +and O +ultracentrifugation O +. O + +aps B-category +Hydrogen O +peroxide B-Chemical +is O +evolved O +in O +the O +reaction O +and O +no O +other O +electron O +acceptors O +except O +molecular O +oxygen B-Chemical +have O +been O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +marked O +changes O +were O +observed O +in O +the O +activity O +of O +polyamine O +oxidase O +in O +rat O +liver O +after O +partial O +hepatectomy O +, O +carbon B-Chemical +tetrachloride I-Chemical +poisoning O +, O +and O +after O +treatment O +with O +growth O +hormone O +or O +thioacetamide O +, O +conditions O +which O +are O +known O +to O +alter O +profoundly O +the O +metabolism O +and O +accumulation O +of O +polyamines O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +pH O +on O +the O +hydrolysis O +of O +chylomicron O +and O +chylomicron O +remnant O +cholesterol B-Chemical +ester O +with O +rat O +liver O +homogenate O +was O +examined O +. O + +aps B-category +Similarly O +, O +microsomes O +( O +at O +pH O +6 O +. O +5 O +- O +8 O +. O +0 O +) O +and O +100 O +000 O +X O +g O +supernatant O +( O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +5 O +- O +8 O +. O +5 O +) O +efficiently O +hydrolyzed O +the O +cholesterol B-Chemical +ester O +but O +not O +the O +triacylglycerol B-Chemical +of O +chylomicron O +remnants O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +pH O +4 O +. O +5 O +lysosomes O +efficiently O +hydrolyzed O +both O +the O +cholesterol B-Chemical +ester O +and O +the O +triacylglycerol B-Chemical +portion O +of O +chylomicron O +remnants O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +responsible O +, O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +synthetase O +, O +has O +been O +purified O +about O +500 O +- O +fold O +from O +crude O +cell O +extracts O +and O +was O +approximately O +85 O +% O +pure O +as O +judged O +by O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +in O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulphate O +. O + +aps B-category +GTP O +, O +UTP O +, O +CTP O +and O +ADP O +could O +not O +replace O +ATP O +in O +the O +reaction O +, O +and O +cysteine B-Chemical +or O +pantetheine O +failed O +to O +replace O +CoA O +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +is O +presented O +to O +suggest O +that O +these O +polypeptide O +chains O +correspond O +to O +distinct O +biotin B-Chemical +carboxylase O +, O +transcarboxylase O +and O +biotin B-Chemical +carboxyl O +carrier O +protein O +subunits O +in O +analogy O +with O +similar O +subunits O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +carboxylase O +, O +an O +unstable O +complex O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +Intrauterine O +administration O +of O +50 O +mumol O +of O +NaF O +to O +the O +ovariectomized O +mature O +rat O +causes O +a O +2 O +- O +- O +3 O +- O +fold O +increase O +in O +the O +total O +uterine O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +activity O +within O +24 O +h O +. O +The O +response O +is O +characterized O +by O +a O +4 O +- O +- O +6 O +h O +lag O +with O +a O +maximum O +effect O +from O +24 O +to O +36 O +h O +after O +a O +single O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +NaF O +- O +induced O +response O +is O +blocked O +by O +prior O +intrauterine O +administration O +of O +cycloheximide B-Chemical +but O +not O +actinomycin O +D O +suggesting O +that O +the O +enzyme O +activity O +increases O +by O +a O +post O +- O +transcriptional O +effect O +of O +NaF O +on O +de O +novo O +enzyme O +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +half O +- O +life O +of O +the O +enzyme O +as O +measured O +by O +the O +rate O +of O +loss O +of O +[ O +1 O +- O +14C O +] O +glutamate B-Chemical +from O +previously O +labeled O +utreine O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +is O +decreased O +from O +27 O +to O +10 O +h O +by O +NaF O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +increase O +in O +enzyme O +activity O +is O +preceded O +by O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +rate O +of O +utilization O +of O +the O +hexose O +monophosphate O +shunt O +pathway O +as O +determined O +by O +the O +ratio O +of O +the O +the O +rates O +of O +oxidation O +of O +[ O +1 O +- O +14C O +] O +glucose B-Chemical +to O +[ O +6 O +- O +14C O +] O +glucose B-Chemical +to O +CO2 O +by O +uterine O +slices O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cytosol O +enzymes O +studied O +were O +( O +a O +) O +those O +with O +half O +- O +lives O +in O +vivo O +of O +3 O +days O +or O +longer O +: O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +, O +arginase O +, O +glyceraldehyde O +phosphate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +and O +alanine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +, O +( O +b O +) O +those O +with O +half O +- O +lives O +in O +vivo O +shorter O +than O +2 O +days O +; O +glucokinase O +, O +dihydroorotase O +, O +serine O +dehydratase O +and O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +and O +( O +c O +) O +catalase O +, O +which O +has O +an O +intermediate O +half O +- O +life O +of O +2 O +. O +5 O +days O +for O +the O +protein O +protion O +. O + +aps B-category +Thermoplasma O +acidophilum O +: O +intracellular O +pH O +and O +potassium B-Chemical +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +glyoxylate O +plus O +oxaloacetate B-Chemical +and O +of O +oxalomalate O +on O +the O +NADP O +- O +linked O +isocitrate O +dehydrogenase O +( O +threo O +- O +DS O +- O +isocitrate O +: O +NADP O ++ O +oxidoreductase O +( O +decarboxylating O +, O +EC O +1 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +. O +42 O +) O +from O +pig O +heart O +from O +been O +studied O +with O +steady O +state O +methods O +as O +well O +as O +with O +stopped O +flow O +technique O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +indicated O +that O +the O +inhibition O +by O +glyoxylate O +plus O +oxaloacetate B-Chemical +is O +caused O +by O +a O +compound O +formed O +in O +a O +reversible O +interaction O +between O +the O +two O +components O +. O + +aps B-category +Glyoxylate O +plus O +oxaloacetate B-Chemical +as O +well O +as O +oxalomalate O +are O +able O +to O +form O +complexes O +with O +metal O +ions O +and O +were O +found O +to O +cause O +an O +initial O +activation O +of O +the O +enzyme O +under O +certain O +assay O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +position O +of O +the O +equilibrium O +with O +riboflavin B-Chemical +was O +measured O +spectrophotometrically O +and O +fluorimetrically O +; O +the O +equilibrium O +potential O +with O +lumiflavin O +3 O +- O +acetate O +was O +measured O +spectrophotometrically O +and O +potentiometrically O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +enzyme O +stabilized O +fibrin O +clots O +rendering O +them O +insoluble O +in O +2 O +% O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +highly O +purified O +substance O +, O +which O +had O +a O +specific O +activity O +of O +3267 O +amine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +incorporating I-Chemical +units O +/ O +mg O +per O +h O +and O +a O +molecular O +weight O +of O +55000 O +, O +behaved O +as O +a O +single O +molecular O +species O +in O +the O +analytical O +ultracentrifuge O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +was O +dependent O +upon O +free O +calcium B-Chemical +ions O +and O +a O +reduced O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +group O +for O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +glucagon O +, O +melittin O +, O +insulin O +A O +and O +B O +chain O +, O +bradykinin B-Chemical +, O +angiotensin B-Chemical +I O +and O +II O +, O +oxytocin B-Chemical +ACTH B-Chemical +, O +clupein O +and O +salmin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +molecular O +weight O +of O +the O +activation O +peptide O +obtained O +at O +pH O +3 O +was O +6900 O +; O +its O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +was O +analyzed O +and O +compared O +with O +those O +of O +the O +proenzyme O +and O +the O +acidic O +protease O +. O + +aps B-category +Role O +of O +protein O +dissociation O +in O +the O +transport O +of O +acidic O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +by O +the O +Ehrlich O +ascites O +tumor O +cell O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +recognized O +as O +principally O +reactive O +with O +Systems O +A O +or O +L O +yielded O +corresponding O +inhibitory O +effects O +with O +some O +conspicious O +exceptions O +: O +2 O +- O +Aminoisobutyric O +acid O +and O +even O +glycine B-Chemical +become O +better O +substrates O +of O +System O +L O +as O +the O +pH O +is O +lowered O +; O +hence O +their O +inhibitory O +action O +on O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +uptake O +is O +not O +lost O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +small O +Na O ++ O +- O +dependent O +component O +of O +uptake O +retained O +by O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +but O +not O +by O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +at O +pH O +4 O +. O +5 O +is O +inhibitable O +by O +methionine B-Chemical +but O +by O +neither O +2 O +- O +( O +methylamino O +) O +- O +isobutyric O +acid O +nor O +the O +norbornane O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +No O +transport O +activity O +specific O +to O +the O +anionic O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +was O +detected O +, O +and O +the O +unequivocally O +anionic O +cysteic O +acid O +showed O +neither O +significant O +mediated O +uptake O +nor O +inhibition O +of O +the O +uptake O +of O +glutamic O +aic O +or O +of O +the O +norbornane O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Diiodotyrosine O +and O +two O +dissimilas O +isomers O +of O +nitrotyrosine B-Chemical +also O +show O +acceleration O +of O +uptake O +as O +the O +phenolate O +group O +on O +the O +sidechain O +is O +protonated O +, O +a O +result O +indicating O +that O +the O +acidic O +group O +need O +not O +be O +a O +carboxyl O +group O +and O +need O +not O +take O +a O +specific O +position O +in O +space O +to O +be O +accepted O +at O +the O +receptor O +site O +L O +. O +The O +presence O +of O +the O +carboxyl O +group O +does O +not O +upset O +the O +normal O +stereospecificity O +of O +System O +L O +until O +it O +falls O +on O +the O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carbon I-Chemical +in O +aspartic O +acid O +; O +even O +then O +it O +is O +the O +presence O +of O +the O +carbonyl O +group O +and O +not O +of O +the O +intact O +carboxyl O +group O +nor O +of O +its O +hydroxyl B-Chemical +group O +that O +cancels O +out O +the O +stereospecificity O +, O +as O +was O +shown O +by O +the O +absence O +of O +normal O +stereospecificity O +for O +aspartic O +acid O +and O +asparagine O +and O +its O +presence O +in O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +homoserine O +and O +glutamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +the O +data O +with O +those O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +reveals O +that O +2 O +' O +- O +O O +- O +methylation O +has O +little O +influence O +on O +the O +conformation O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +final O +fraction O +was O +35 O +- O +fold O +enriched O +with O +respect O +to O +cation O +activated O +ouabain B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +insensitive I-Chemical +ATPase O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Hydrogen O +- O +adduct O +radicals O +in O +thymidine B-Chemical +and O +thymidine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +photosensitized O +by O +proflavin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +obtained O +indicate O +that O +efficient O +protection O +is O +given O +when O +the O +electrostatic O +interactions O +between O +the O +charged O +groups O +of O +the O +molecules O +present O +allow O +the O +close O +proximity O +of O +a O +thiol B-Chemical +or O +a O +disulfide O +bridge O +and O +the O +proflavin O +- O +DNAs O +complex O +constituent O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +opposite O +occurs O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +very O +low O +salt B-Chemical +concentrations O +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +stereochemical O +isomers O +of O +tetrahydrobiopterin O +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O +, O +6 O +- O +L O +- O +erythro O +- O +, O +6 O +- O +D O +- O +erythro O +- O +, O +6 O +- O +L O +- O +threo O +- O +, O +or O +6 O +- O +D O +- O +threo O +- O +1 O +, O +2 O +- O +dihydroxypropyltetrahydropterin O +, O +have O +been O +synthesized O +and O +used O +as O +cofactors O +for O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +( O +EC O +1 O +. O +14 O +. O +18 O +. O +- O +) O +purified O +from O +the O +soluble O +fraction O +of O +bovine O +adrenal O +medulla O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +Km O +value O +of O +the O +L O +- O +threo O +or O +D O +- O +erythro O +isomer O +was O +found O +to O +be O +independent O +of O +the O +concentration O +and O +remained O +constant O +throughout O +the O +concentration O +examined O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +high O +concentrations O +tyrosine B-Chemical +inhibited O +the O +enzymatic O +reaction O +with O +any O +one O +of O +the O +four O +tetrahydrobiopterin O +cofactors O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +the O +four O +isomers O +of O +tetrahydrobiopterin O +, O +when O +6 O +- O +methyltetrahydropterin O +or O +6 O +, O +7 O +- O +dimethyltetrahydropterin O +was O +used O +as O +cofactor O +tyrosine B-Chemical +or O +oxygen B-Chemical +did O +no O +inhibit O +the O +enzymatic O +reaction O +at O +high O +concentrations O +, O +and O +the O +Km O +values O +toward O +the O +pterin O +cofactor O +, O +tyrosine B-Chemical +, O +and O +oxygen B-Chemical +were O +significantly O +higher O +than O +the O +Km O +values O +with O +the O +tetrahydrobiopterins O +as O +cofactor O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +endogenous O +protein O +substrate O +was O +closely O +associated O +with O +the O +protein O +kinase O +and O +was O +not O +separable O +from O +this O +enzyme O +up O +to O +the O +cellulose O +phosphate B-Chemical +stage O +. O + +aps B-category +Stereospecificity O +of O +the O +hydrogen B-Chemical +transfer O +catalyzed O +by O +human O +placental O +aldose O +reductase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +sorbitol O +formed O +from O +[ O +4A O +- O +2H O +] O +NADPH B-Chemical +contained O +deuterium O +and O +from O +[ O +4B O +- O +2H O +] O +NADPH B-Chemical +it O +did O +not O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +presented O +data O +indicate O +that O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +from O +Escherichia O +coli O +must O +have O +a O +well O +- O +defined O +conformation O +in O +order O +to O +bind O +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reaction O +rate O +decreased O +at O +high O +levels O +of O +enzyme O +because O +of O +competitive O +inhibition O +by O +deoxythymidine O +3 O +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +, O +a O +reaction O +product O +, O +which O +showed O +a O +Ki O +of O +2 O +- O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +. O +The O +molecular O +weight O +of O +the O +enzyme O +by O +gel O +- O +filtration O +was O +150 O +000 O +- O +170 O +000 O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +compounds O +such O +as O +NAD O +, O +ATP O +, O +bis O +- O +( O +p O +- O +nitrophenyl O +) O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +thymidine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +( O +p O +- O +nitrophenyl O +) O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +glycerylphosphorylcholine O +, O +guanylyl O +- O +( O +2 O +' O +leads O +to O +5 O +' O +) O +- B-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +and O +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +cyclic O +AMP O +which O +contain O +phosphodiester O +bonds O +, O +nevertheless O +were O +not O +substrates O +for O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxidation O +of O +methyl O +derivatives O +of O +pteridin O +- O +4 O +- O +one O +, O +lumazine O +and O +related O +pteridines O +by O +bovine O +milk O +xanthine B-Chemical +oxidase O +. O + +aps B-category +Milk O +xanthine B-Chemical +oxidases O +at O +different O +stages O +of O +purification O +convert O +pteridin O +- O +4 O +- O +one O +into O +the O +4 O +, O +7 O +- O +dione O +( O +compound O +13 O +in O +this O +article O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Fructose O +diphosphate O +aldolase O +( O +D O +- O +fructose O +- O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +biphosphate O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glyceraldehyde I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +lyase O +, O +EC O +4 O +. O +1 O +. O +2 O +. O +13 O +) O +from O +rabbit O +heart O +has O +been O +purified O +and O +obtained O +in O +crystalline O +form O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +soluble O +enzyme O +fraction O +derived O +from O +Escherichia O +coli O +K O +- O +12 O +JE2100 O +cells O +was O +found O +to O +exhibit O +, O +in O +addition O +to O +Nadh O +- O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +reductase O +activities O +, O +NADH O +- O +dependent O +cis O +- O +trans O +isomerising O +activity O +toward O +2 O +- O +( O +2 O +- O +furyl O +- O +3 O +- O +( O +5 O +- O +nitro O +- O +2 O +- O +furyl O +) O +acrylamide O +leading O +to O +a O +specific O +change O +in O +geometrical O +configuration O +of O +the O +vinyl O +group O +at O +the O +2 O +- O +position O +from O +cis O +to O +trans O +but O +not O +in O +the O +reverse O +direction O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +particulate O +enzyme O +fraction O +derived O +from O +JE2100 O +cells O +, O +although O +it O +showed O +little O +reductase O +activity O +toward O +furylfuramide O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +either O +NADH O +or O +NADPH B-Chemical +, O +revealed O +an O +isomerising O +activity O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +NADH O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +8 O +- O +substituents O +was O +studied O +on O +the O +rate O +of O +oxidation O +of O +hypoxanthine O +and O +6 O +- O +thioxopurine O +by O +bovine O +milk O +xanthine B-Chemical +oxidase O +( O +EC O +1 O +. O +2 O +. O +3 O +. O +2 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +ionisation O +of O +8 O +- O +methyl O +- O +6 O +- O +thioxopurine O +involves O +the O +pyrimidine O +moiety O +, O +thus O +rendering O +enzymic O +attack O +at O +position O +2 O +more O +difficult O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Using O +UDP O +- O +N O +- O +acetylglucosamine O +( O +UDP O +- O +GlcNAc O +) O +and O +UDP O +- O +N O +- O +acetylmuramyl O +- O +pentapeptide O +( O +UDP O +- O +MurNAc O +- O +pentapeptide O +) O +as O +precursors O +the O +incorporation O +of O +peptidoglycan O +into O +the O +pre O +- O +existing O +cell O +wall O +of O +G O +. O +homari O +was O +inhibited O +to O +an O +extent O +of O +50 O +% O +( O +ID50 O +value O +) O +at O +a O +concentration O +of O +0 O +. O +25 O +mug O +of O +penicillin B-Chemical +G I-Chemical +/ O +ml O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +5 O +mug O +of O +penicillin B-Chemical +G I-Chemical +/ O +ml O +the O +incorporation O +of O +peptidoglycan O +formed O +from O +the O +mixture O +of O +UDP O +- O +MurNAc O +- O +Ala O +- O +DGlu O +- O +Lys O +- O +D O +- O +[ O +14C O +] O +Ala O +- O +D O +[ O +14C O +] O +Ala O +and O +non O +- O +radioactive O +UDP O +- O +MurNAc O +- O +tetrapeptide O +proceeded O +virtually O +without O +release O +of O +D O +- O +[ O +14C O +] O +alanine B-Chemical +by O +transpeptidase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +the O +ID50 O +values O +for O +the O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactam I-Chemical +antibiotics O +are O +similar O +to O +the O +concentrations O +required O +to O +inhibit O +the O +growth O +of O +G O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +aerobic O +/ O +anaerobic O +transition O +: O +role O +of O +arginine O +phosphate B-Chemical +in O +enzyme O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +Mg2 O ++ O +or O +Mn2 O ++ O +can O +satisfy O +the O +divalent O +ion O +requirement O +while O +ATP O +, O +GTP O +, O +or O +ITP O +can O +serve O +as O +phosphate B-Chemical +donors O +for O +the O +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Michaelis O +constant O +for O +fructose O +6 O +phosphate B-Chemical +at O +pH O +6 O +. O +8 O +, O +the O +cellular O +pH O +of O +anoxic O +oyster O +tissues O +, O +is O +3 O +. O +5 O +mM O +. O + +aps B-category +ATP O +and O +arginine O +phosphate B-Chemical +are O +the O +only O +compounds O +found O +to O +inhibit O +the O +adductor O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Ki O +( O +ATP O +) O +decreases O +from O +5 O +. O +0 O +mM O +to O +1 O +. O +3 O +mM O +as O +the O +pH O +decreases O +from O +7 O +. O +9 O +to O +6 O +. O +8 O +, O +whereas O +the O +Ki O +for O +arginine O +phosphate B-Chemical +increases O +from O +1 O +. O +3 O +mM O +to O +4 O +. O +5 O +mM O +for O +the O +same O +pH O +drop O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +anoxia O +, O +the O +depletion O +of O +arginine O +phosphate B-Chemical +reserves O +and O +the O +increase O +in O +AMP O +concentrations O +in O +the O +tissue O +, O +coupled O +with O +the O +increase O +in O +the O +Ki O +for O +arginine O +phosphate B-Chemical +brought O +about O +by O +low O +pH O +conditions O +, O +serves O +to O +activate O +phosphofructokinase O +to O +aid O +maintenance O +of O +anaerobic O +energy O +production O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +change O +in O +fluorescence O +emission O +at O +520 O +nm O +after O +excitation O +at O +365 O +nm O +was O +used O +to O +investigate O +the O +effect O +of O +pH O +and O +ionic O +strength O +on O +the O +dissociation O +of O +flavin O +cofactors O +from O +microsomal O +NADPH B-Chemical +/ O +cytochrome O +c O +( O +P O +- O +450 O +) O +reductase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +metabolism O +in O +vivo O +of O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +and O +peptides O +was O +studied O +in O +the O +mouse O +after O +administration O +of O +loading O +doses O +of O +L O +- O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +- O +2 O +- O +aminobutyrate O +and O +several O +other O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +compounds O +, O +including O +glutathione B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Similarly O +, O +after O +administration O +of O +a O +tracer O +dose O +of O +L O +- O +gamma O +- O +[ O +14C O +] O +glutamyl O +- O +L O +- O +2 O +- O +aminobutyrate O +a O +rapid O +incorporation O +of O +label O +into O +kidney O +glutamate B-Chemical +, O +glutamine B-Chemical +and O +aspartate B-Chemical +was O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +administration O +of O +L O +- O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +- O +2 O +- O +aminobutyrate O +only O +a O +slight O +increase O +in O +liver O +aspartate B-Chemical +and O +pyrrolidone B-Chemical +carboxylate O +was O +observed O +. 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O + +aps B-category +According O +to O +the O +different O +sensitivity O +of O +the O +linewidth O +of O +indole O +NH O +resonances O +to O +pH O +in O +H2O O +solution O +, O +the O +accessibility O +of O +each O +of O +the O +tryptophan B-Chemical +residues O +has O +been O +estimated O +. 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O + +aps B-category +This O +inhibitory O +effect O +of O +carbamoylcholine O +was O +blocked O +by O +theophylline B-Chemical +and O +1 O +- O +methyl O +- O +3 O +- O +isobutylxanthine O +, O +but O +not O +by O +Ro O +20 O +- O +1724 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +alkali B-Chemical +on O +the O +circular O +dichroic O +( O +CD O +) O +spectra O +of O +ovine O +lutropin O +and O +its O +subunits O +has O +been O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +evidence O +for O +this O +involvement O +was O +also O +obtained O +by O +a O +comparison O +of O +the O +alkali B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +changes O +of O +refolded O +lutropin O +( O +alpha O ++ O +beta O +recombinant O +) O +and O +the O +product O +obtained O +by O +recombination O +of O +des O +- O +( O +92 O +- O +- O +96 O +) O +- O +lutropin O +alpha O +( O +obtained O +from O +carboxypeptidase O +treatment O +of O +the O +alpha O +- O +subunit O +) O +and O +lutropin O +beta O +. 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O +95 O +approximately O +2 O +. O +95 O +) O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +p O +. O + +aps B-category +ID50 O +of O +defensive O +behaviour O +for O +MS4101 O +and O +diazepam B-Chemical +was O +3 O +. O +00 O +( O +2 O +. O +46 O +approximately O +3 O +. O +66 O +) O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +p O +. O + +aps B-category +Here O +, O +diazepam B-Chemical +was O +more O +effective O +than O +MS4101 O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +single O +administration O +of O +MS4101 O +and O +of O +diazepam B-Chemical +in O +doses O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +p O +. O + +aps B-category +Purification O +and O +properties O +of O +ox O +brain O +nicotinamide O +adenine O +dinucleotide O +( O +phosphate B-Chemical +) O +glycohydrolase O +. 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O + +aps B-category +To O +investigate O +how O +lead B-Chemical +, O +when O +used O +as O +trapping O +agent O +, O +influences O +the O +ATP O +hydrolysis O +and O +to O +study O +how O +ATP O +is O +catalyzed O +in O +histochemical O +systems O +, O +homogenized O +secretory O +enamel O +organs O +were O +incubated O +in O +histochemical O +[ O +3H O +] O +- O +ATP O +media O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +presence O +of O +lead B-Chemical +caused O +an O +additional O +8 O +% O +hydrolysis O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +2 O +and O +an O +additional O +20 O +% O +hydrolysis O +at O +pH O +9 O +. O +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +homogenate O +- O +containing O +lead B-Chemical +media O +, O +at O +both O +pH O +7 O +. O +2 O +AND O +9 O +. O +4 O +, O +ATP O +was O +rapidly O +hydrolyzed O +primarily O +to O +ADP O +and O +subsequently O +to O +AMP O +and O +adenosine B-Chemical +and O +/ O +or O +inosine O +. O + +aps B-category +Inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +was O +liberated O +almost O +linearly O +during O +the O +whole O +incubation O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +pH O +effects O +on O +lactate B-Chemical +and O +excess O +lactate B-Chemical +in O +relation O +to O +O2 O +deficit O +in O +hypoxic O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +test O +this O +idea O +, O +50 O +anesthetized O +( O +30 O +ml O +/ O +kg O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +sodium B-Chemical +) O +and O +paralyzed O +dogs O +in O +five O +groups O +were O +ventilated O +with O +low O +O2 O +mixtures O +. O + +aps B-category +Pyruvate O +and O +lactate B-Chemical +levels O +rose O +at O +rates O +roughly O +corresponding O +to O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +XL O +may O +correct O +for O +red O +cell O +lactate B-Chemical +production O +which O +is O +not O +affected O +by O +O2 O +supply O +but O +is O +influenced O +by O +pH O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Both O +kinetic O +and O +topological O +evidence O +support O +the O +suggestion O +that O +repetitive O +transfer O +of O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +moieties O +by O +gamma O +- O +GTP O +could O +occur O +during O +group O +translocation O +of O +peptides O +and O +possibly O +some O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +With O +appropriate O +variation O +of O +the O +pH O +and O +salt B-Chemical +concentration O +in O +the O +mobile O +phase O +, O +it O +is O +possible O +to O +resolve O +all O +of O +the O +peptides O +investigated O +and O +their O +by O +- O +products O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +has O +been O +suggested O +previously O +that O +chlorpropamide B-Chemical +and O +other O +hypoglycemic O +sulfonylureas B-Chemical +interfere O +with O +hepatic O +triglyceride B-Chemical +breakdown O +. O + +aps B-category +Ketogenesis O +from O +endogenous O +lipids O +was O +inhibited O +by O +1 O +mM O +chlorpropamide B-Chemical +, O +while O +ketone B-Chemical +production O +from O +exogenous O +oleate O +did O +not O +change O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +liver O +perfusion O +experiments O +, O +1 O +mM O +chlorpropamide B-Chemical +enhanced O +the O +incorporation O +of O +tritium O +into O +triglycerides B-Chemical +( O +but O +not O +other O +lipid O +classes O +) O +and O +increased O +both O +liver O +triglyceride B-Chemical +content O +and O +triglyceride B-Chemical +secretion O +. O + +aps B-category +Chlorpropamide B-Chemical +, O +tolbutamide O +, O +and O +carbutamide O +, O +all O +of O +which O +inhibited O +endogenous O +ketogenesis O +in O +isolated O +liver O +cells O +, O +also O +inhibited O +lysosomal O +triglyceride B-Chemical +lipase O +activity O +in O +rat O +liver O +homogenates O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Adrenergic O +agonists O +competed O +for O +the O +binding O +sites O +in O +an O +order O +of O +potency O +, O +[ O +( O +- O +) O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +greater O +than O +( O +- O +) O +epinephrine B-Chemical +( O +- O +) O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +] O +, O +paralleling O +their O +order O +of O +potency O +as O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +agonists O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +antagonist O +, O +phentolamine B-Chemical +, O +and O +several O +catecholamine B-Chemical +metabolites O +and O +precursors O +did O +not O +effectively O +compete O +for O +the O +binding O +sites O +at O +high O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +specially O +designed O +tablet O +dosage O +form O +of O +the O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +clorazepate O +dipotassium O +( O +Tranxene O +) O +was O +developed O +for O +once O +- O +a O +- O +day O +administration O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +two O +subjects O +, O +log O +dose O +- O +response O +curves O +to O +2 O +. O +5 O +, O +5 O +. O +0 O +, O +and O +10 O +. O +0 O +mg O +iv O +chlorpheniramine B-Chemical +were O +obtained O +by O +using O +FEV1 O +, O +FEF50 O +% O +, O +and O +FEF25 O +% O +- O +75 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Withing O +the O +dose O +range O +used O +, O +bronchodilatation O +to O +chlorpheniramine B-Chemical +and O +aminophylline B-Chemical +administered O +intravenously O +was O +best O +detected O +by O +FEV1 O +, O +FEF50 O +% O +, O +and O +FEF25 O +% O +- O +75 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Cryostate O +sections O +of O +the O +rat O +stomach O +fundus O +were O +incubated O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +uridine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +diphosphate O +- O +[ O +3H O +] O +- B-Chemical +galactose I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Dichlorotriazinylaminofluorescein O +( O +DTAF O +) O +, O +the O +product O +of O +the O +reaction O +of O +aminofluorescein O +with O +cyanuric O +chloride B-Chemical +, O +is O +an O +effective O +reagent O +for O +conjugating O +fluorescein B-Chemical +to O +immunnoglobulins O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +virus O +immunoadsorbent O +was O +used O +repeatedly O +under O +high O +ionic O +strength O +alkali B-Chemical +buffer O +and O +acid O +conditions O +without O +altering O +appreciably O +its O +antibody O +binding O +capacity O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +sodium B-Chemical +iodide O +as O +an O +eluting O +agent O +has O +proved O +most O +effective O +in O +recovery O +of O +active O +and O +stable O +antibodies O +from O +the O +agarosebound O +virus O +. O + +aps B-category +Alterations O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +9 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ketoreductase I-Chemical +activity O +in O +proliferating O +skin O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +activity O +is O +localized O +in O +the O +high O +speed O +supernatant O +fraction O +, O +indicating O +the O +presence O +of O +an O +active O +PGE2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +9 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ketoreductase I-Chemical +associated O +with O +the O +cytoplasmic O +fraction O +of O +the O +skin O +. O + +aps B-category +Incubations O +of O +the O +105 O +, O +000 O +g O +supernatant O +fractions O +from O +normal O +and O +EFA O +- O +deficient O +rats O +demonstrated O +that O +the O +activity O +of O +the O +PGE2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +9 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ketoreductase I-Chemical +was O +elevated O +in O +high O +speed O +preparations O +from O +EFA O +- O +deficient O +rats O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +concentration O +of O +unesterified O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +was O +lower O +in O +testes O +of O +the O +fat O +- O +deficient O +compared O +to O +supplemented O +rats O +, O +indicating O +that O +decreased O +inhibition O +of O +acetyl O +CoA O +carboxylase O +in O +the O +fat O +- O +deficient O +rats O +testes O +might O +have O +been O +responsible O +for O +the O +observed O +increased O +de O +novo O +synthesis O +of O +palmitic O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effectiveness O +of O +dietary O +and O +hormonal O +treatments O +in O +inducing O +several O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( O +PLP O +) O +- O +dependent O +enzymes O +has O +been O +examined O +in O +vitamin O +B O +- O +6 O +deficient O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Holo O +- O +and O +apotyrosine O +aminotransferase O +were O +induced O +in O +both O +control O +and O +deficient O +rats O +by O +injecting O +them O +with O +glucagon O +or O +with O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +feeding O +on O +tissue O +lipid O +perioxidation O +, O +glutathione B-Chemical +peroxidase O +activity O +and O +liver O +microsomal O +functions O +in O +rats O +and O +guinea O +pigs O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +percent O +cholesterol B-Chemical +was O +added O +to O +a O +casein B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sucrose I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +soybean I-Chemical +oil O +basal O +diet O +for O +rats O +or O +a O +stock O +diet O +with O +2 O +% O +soybean O +oil O +for O +guinea O +pigs O +. O + +aps B-category +Cholesterol B-Chemical +feeding O +increased O +the O +rate O +of O +lipid O +peroxidation O +in O +liver O +and O +aortic O +homogenate O +both O +in O +rats O +and O +guinea O +pigs O +when O +fed O +non B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +vitamin I-Chemical +E I-Chemical +supplemented O +basal O +diets O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +cholestyramine O +was O +dependent O +on O +the O +level O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +E I-Chemical +in O +the O +diet O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +guinea O +pigs O +, O +cholesterol B-Chemical +feeding O +also O +markedly O +decreased O +liver O +microsomal O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +lipid O +peroxidation O +, O +codein O +hydroxylation O +and O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +levels O +especially O +when O +fed O +non B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +vitamin I-Chemical +E I-Chemical +supplemented O +basal O +diets O +. O + +aps B-category +Vitamin B-Chemical +E I-Chemical +supplementation O +increased O +liver O +and O +serum O +cholesterol B-Chemical +levels O +in O +guinea O +pigs O +, O +but O +had O +no O +such O +effect O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Role O +of O +ascorbic O +acid O +on O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +in O +the O +adrenal O +gland O +of O +guinea O +pig O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +significant O +elevation O +in O +the O +enzyme O +activity O +was O +observed O +after O +the O +administration O +of O +reserpine B-Chemical +to O +the O +scortutic O +guinea O +pig O +. O + +aps B-category +From O +these O +results O +, O +it O +became O +clear O +that O +the O +induction O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +which O +was O +not O +observed O +in O +scurvy O +was O +due O +to O +the O +deficiency O +of O +Fe2 O ++ O +. O + +aps B-category +Paw O +oedema O +, O +induced O +by O +carrageenan B-Chemical +, O +was O +potentiated O +in O +normal O +rats O +by O +arachidonic O +acid O +and O +bishomo O +- O +gamma O +- O +linoleic O +acid O +, O +but O +not O +by O +5 O +, O +8 O +, O +11 O +- O +eicosatrienoic O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +Aspirin B-Chemical +exhibited O +equal O +suppression O +of O +carrageenan B-Chemical +oedema O +in O +both O +normal O +and O +EFAD O +rats O +, O +despite O +the O +fact O +that O +, O +in O +the O +latter O +, O +prostaglandins B-Chemical +are O +of O +negligible O +importance O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +view O +that O +interference O +with O +the O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +system I-Chemical +explains O +the O +acute O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +effects O +of O +the O +two O +drugs O +, O +is O +discussed O +, O +in O +relation O +to O +the O +present O +results O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +presence O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +produced O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +electrical O +resistance O +of O +black O +lipid O +membranes O +and O +a O +small O +decrease O +in O +the O +permeability O +of O +membranes O +to O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Predictable O +hydrolysis O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +digoxin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +12alpha I-Chemical +occurred O +in O +vitro O +with O +incubation O +in O +HCl O +or O +gastric O +juice O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +volunteer O +was O +given O +150 O +muCi O +[ O +3H O +] O +digoxin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +12alpha I-Chemical +by O +nasogastric O +tube O +during O +a O +pentagastrin O +infusion O +when O +gastric O +pH O +was O +0 O +- O +94 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +radioactivity O +appeared O +in O +a O +single O +peak O +as O +digoxigenin B-Chemical +in O +the O +90 O +min O +gastric O +aspirate O +and O +in O +all O +urine O +specimens O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +action O +of O +colloidal O +silicon O +dioxide O +as O +a O +glidant O +for O +lactose O +, O +paracetamol B-Chemical +, O +oxytetracycline O +and O +their O +mixtures O +. O + +aps B-category +Owing O +to O +its O +differing O +propensities O +to O +coat O +the O +particles O +of O +the O +host O +powders O +, O +the O +silicon O +dioxide O +acts O +as O +a O +glidant O +for O +the O +lactose O +and O +paracetamol B-Chemical +, O +but O +as O +an O +antiglidant O +for O +the O +oxytetracycline O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +on O +brain O +apomorphine B-Chemical +concentrations O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Amphetamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +stereotyped O +behaviour O +and O +brain O +concentrations O +of O +amphetamine B-Chemical +and O +its O +hydroxylated O +metabolites O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Decrease O +of O +food O +intake O +by O +quipazine B-Chemical +in O +the O +rat O +: O +relation O +to O +serotoninergic O +receptor O +stimulation O +. O + +aps B-category +Contractile O +activity O +of O +synthetic O +neurotensin B-Chemical +and O +related O +polypeptides O +on O +guinea O +- O +pig O +ileum O +. O + +aps B-category +Brain O +areas O +involved O +in O +the O +catecholamine B-Chemical +mediated O +regulation O +of O +electroshock O +seizure O +intensity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +indicate O +that O +depletion O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +dopamine B-Chemical +in O +near O +ventricular O +areas O +by O +the O +intracerebroventricular O +administration O +of O +the O +benzoquinolizine O +, O +Ro O +4 O +- O +1284 O +, O +enhances O +electroshock O +seizure O +intensity O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Short O +exposures O +to O +hypertonic O +solutions O +( O +100 O +mM O +sucrose B-Chemical +or O +50 O +mM O +- O +KCl O +) O +produced O +a O +decrease O +in O +pHi O +of O +approximately O +0 O +- O +1 O +pH O +units O +. O + +aps B-category +Restoration O +of O +the O +pHi O +after O +displacement O +by O +increasing O +the O +CO2 O +was O +not O +blocked O +by O +ouabain B-Chemical +or O +SITS O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Dietary O +protein O +level O +and O +circadian O +variation O +of O +enzyme O +activities O +for O +glucose B-Chemical +metabolism O +and O +lipogenesis O +in O +male O +rats O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +various O +particles O +and O +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +cyclic B-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +monophosphate I-Chemical +on O +release O +of O +lysosomal O +enzymes O +by O +mouse O +macrophages O +. 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O +- O +- O +EASC O +were O +found O +in O +benign O +ovarian O +tumors O +in O +48 O +% O +, O +in O +malignant O +in O +30 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +seems O +that O +the O +enzymatically O +active O +fibrocytes O +are O +the O +first O +step O +of O +theca O +- O +like O +cells O +which O +are O +then O +luteinized O +and O +finally O +filled O +up O +with O +cholesterol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +There O +are O +two O +kinds O +of O +adrenergic O +receptors O +in O +rat O +fundus O +( O +stomach O +) O +, O +the O +alpha O +receptors O +are O +stimulated O +with O +adrenaline B-Chemical +and O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +can O +be O +blocked O +effectively O +with O +azapetine O +and O +the O +beta O +receptors O +are O +stimulated O +with O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +and O +adrenaline B-Chemical +and O +can O +be O +blocked O +effectively O +with O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Over O +the O +period O +5 O +- O +8 O +days O +after O +inoculation O +, O +faeces O +are O +collected O +in O +trays O +containing O +2 O +% O +( O +w O +/ O +v O +) O +potassium B-Chemical +dichromate O +solution O +, O +while O +food O +intake O +is O +restricted O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +washing O +, O +oocysts O +are O +sporulated O +by O +forced O +aeration O +at O +30 O +degrees O +C O +and O +may O +be O +further O +purified O +by O +hypochlorite O +treatment O +, O +or O +passage O +in O +5 O +% O +Tween O +80 O +solution O +through O +a O +glass O +bead O +column O +followed O +by O +sucrose B-Chemical +density O +gradient O +centrifugation O +. O + +aps B-category +Lactate B-Chemical +( O +LA O +- O +) O +release O +and O +O2 O +consumption O +were O +calculated O +by O +the O +Fick O +principle O +. O + +aps B-category +Analyzes O +were O +made O +on O +muscle O +samples O +taken O +from O +the O +lateral O +part O +of O +the O +m O +. O +quadriceps O +femoris O +of O +man O +( O +lactate B-Chemical +, O +pyruvate B-Chemical +, O +and O +pH O +) O +on O +venous O +blood O +( O +lactate B-Chemical +, O +pyruvate B-Chemical +) O +and O +on O +capillary O +blood O +( O +pH O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Lactate B-Chemical +content O +was O +highly O +elevated O +in O +muscle O +after O +exercise O +and O +the O +concentration O +was O +2 O +- O +3 O +times O +higher O +than O +in O +blood O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +half O +- O +time O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +decrease O +was O +9 O +. O +5 O +min O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +on O +the O +lithium B-Chemical +transport O +across O +the O +red O +cell O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +and O +dipyridamole B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +Li O ++ O +uphill O +transport O +as O +well O +as O +Li O ++ O +downhill O +transport O +into O +the O +cells O +is O +inhibited O +by O +ouabain B-Chemical +, O +ATP O +- O +depletion O +, O +and O +by O +external O +K O ++ O +and O +Na O ++ O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +effect O +can O +be O +completely O +blocked O +by O +dipyridamole B-Chemical +, O +phlorizin B-Chemical +and O +phenylbutazone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Na O ++ O +- O +independent O +Li O ++ O +release O +is O +stimulated O +by O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stimulation O +of O +Li O ++ O +transfer O +by O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +and O +the O +inhibition O +by O +dipyridamole B-Chemical +suggest O +a O +participation O +of O +anionic O +species O +in O +ouabain B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +Li O ++ O +transfer O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +initial O +pH O +of O +the O +perfusion O +solution O +was O +low O +( O +5 O +. O +5 O +) O +, O +phosphate B-Chemical +was O +lost O +more O +rapidly O +from O +proximal O +tubules O +than O +at O +high O +initial O +pH O +( O +8 O +. O +2 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +acetazolamide B-Chemical +infusion O +slows O +the O +rate O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +loss O +by O +proximal O +tubules O +, O +when O +the O +perfusion O +solution O +is O +acid O +, O +but O +has O +no O +significant O +effect O +if O +its O +pH O +is O +alkaline O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +distal O +tubules O +of O +control O +rats O +no O +significant O +loss O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +was O +observed O +during O +the O +period O +of O +perfusion O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +distal O +tubules O +changes O +in O +pH O +are O +not O +due O +to O +transepithelial O +phosphate B-Chemical +movement O +. O + +aps B-category +Diazepam B-Chemical +was O +found O +to O +be O +the O +most O +surface O +active O +substance O +in O +aqueous O +solutions O +, O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +was O +less O +active O +and O +the O +lowest O +activity O +was O +found O +for O +haloperidol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category += O +kOX O ++ O +kh O +) O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +the O +air O +oxygen B-Chemical +were O +determined O +from O +the O +measurements O +of O +absorbance O +in O +0 O +- O +1 O +M O +HCl O +at O +243 O +nm O +, O +using O +" O +the O +feathering O +technique O +" O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +the O +aim O +of O +this O +study O +to O +test O +whether O +the O +non O +- O +specific O +pharmacological O +activities O +of O +the O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adrenergic I-Chemical +blocking I-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +can O +be O +predicted O +by O +estimation O +of O +the O +hydrophobicity O +of O +the O +compounds O +. O + +aps B-category +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +- O +cyclic O +AMP O +: O +independent O +induction O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +transport O +by O +epinephrine B-Chemical +in O +primary O +cultures O +of O +adult O +rat O +liver O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Propranolol B-Chemical +abolished O +the O +increase O +in O +cAMP B-Chemical +elicited O +by O +epinephrine B-Chemical +and O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +, O +but O +did O +not O +block O +the O +induction O +of O +alpha O +- O +aminoisobutyric O +acid O +transport O +by O +epinephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Epinephrine B-Chemical +dose O +response O +curves O +for O +cAMP B-Chemical +and O +alpha O +- O +aminoisobutyric O +acid O +transport O +were O +similar O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +stable O +from O +pH O +2 O +to O +neutrality O +and O +resists O +ether B-Chemical +extraction O +, O +freezing O +, O +or O +brief O +heating O +to O +100 O +degrees O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +greater O +relative O +fatness O +of O +the O +HF O +- O +diet O +rats O +may O +be O +associated O +with O +higher O +levels O +of O +estrogen B-Chemical +in O +the O +HF O +rats O +than O +in O +the O +LF O +- O +diet O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Drosophila O +mojavensis O +adults O +, O +which O +breed O +and O +feed O +on O +necrotic O +cacti O +, O +show O +an O +increase O +in O +longevity O +when O +exposed O +to O +atmospheric O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +environmental O +heterogeneity O +that O +is O +proposed O +for O +maintaining O +the O +alleles O +at O +the O +alcohol B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +locus O +is O +the O +interaction O +of O +substrate O +alcohol B-Chemical +content O +with O +temperature O +and O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Significant O +inhibition O +was O +also O +noted O +with O +adenosine B-Chemical +, O +AMP O +, O +ADP O +- O +ribose O +, O +nicotinamide O +, O +nicotinamide O +mononucleotide O +, O +and O +NADP O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +but O +glyceraldehyde O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +were O +observed O +and O +assigned O +in O +the O +intact O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Introducing O +deoxyglucose O +depleted O +the O +ATP O +and O +resulted O +in O +an O +AMP O +signal O +and O +one O +from O +deoxyglucose O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +, O +which O +is O +transported O +and O +phosphorylated O +but O +not O +catabolized O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +epinephrine B-Chemical +on O +the O +in O +vivo O +concentration O +of O +erythrocyte O +glycolytic O +intermediates O +. O + +aps B-category +Triamcinolone O +activation O +of O +renal O +ammonia B-Chemical +production O +. O + +aps B-category +Male O +, O +albino O +rats O +were O +treated O +with O +alpha O +- O +MSH O +, O +MSH O +/ O +ACTH B-Chemical +4 O +- O +10 O +, O +MIF O +- O +I O +or O +a O +diluent O +control O +solution O +and O +then O +tested O +on O +a O +visual O +discrimination O +problem O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +has O +been O +suggested O +that O +the O +peptides O +alpha O +- O +metanocyte O +stimulating O +hormone O +( O +alpha O +- O +MSH O +) O +and O +MSH O +- O +release O +inhibitory O +factor O +( O +MIF O +- O +1 O +) O +may O +alter O +adenosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +cyclic O +monophosphate O +( O +cAMP B-Chemical +) O +metabolism O +[ O +13 O +, O +26 O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +suggest O +a O +correlation O +between O +the O +rise O +in O +cAMP B-Chemical +found O +and O +reported O +changes O +in O +visual O +acuity O +and O +attention O +in O +rats O +and O +human O +after O +treatment O +with O +alpha O +- O +MSH O +[ O +8 O +, O +14 O +, O +23 O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +was O +undertaken O +to O +see O +whether O +dopamine B-Chemical +( O +DA O +) O +or O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +( O +NE O +) O +levels O +likewise O +increased O +in O +the O +test O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +prolyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glycine I-Chemical +amide O +( O +MIF O +- O +I O +) O +on O +dopaminergic O +neurons O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +found O +that O +the O +active O +uptake O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopamine I-Chemical +( O +3H O +- O +DA O +) O +by O +synaptosome O +- O +rich O +homogenates O +of O +the O +striatum O +of O +rats O +treated O +with O +MIF O +- O +I O +( O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +IP O +X O +3 O +, O +24 O +hr O +intervals O +) O +was O +unaltered O +1 O +hr O +after O +final O +treatment O +with O +MIF O +- O +I O +. O + +aps B-category +Neurochemical O +responses O +of O +mice O +to O +ACTH B-Chemical +and O +lysine O +vasopressin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +ACTH B-Chemical +4 O +- O +10 O +increased O +the O +[ O +3H O +] O +lysine O +incorporation O +into O +brain O +or O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +decreased O +the O +brain O +responses O +to O +both O +footshock O +and O +ACTH B-Chemical +, O +but O +while O +the O +liver O +response O +to O +ACTH B-Chemical +was O +blocked O +, O +the O +footshock O +response O +was O +only O +diminished O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +for O +3 O +days O +with O +long O +- O +acting O +preparations O +of O +ACTH B-Chemical +4 O +- O +10 O +, O +ACTH B-Chemical +4 O +- O +10 O +( O +D O +- O +phe O +) O +or O +ACTH B-Chemical +1 O +- O +24 O +increased O +the O +conversion O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +tyrosine B-Chemical +into O +dopamine B-Chemical +but O +not O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +, O +alpha O +- O +MSH O +, O +beta O +- O +MSH O +or O +LVP O +had O +no O +such O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +ACTH B-Chemical +peptides O +can O +stimulate O +protein O +and O +dopamine B-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +mouse O +brain O +and O +that O +LVP O +has O +no O +such O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +MSH O +- O +release O +- O +inhibiting O +factor O +( O +MIF O +) O +and O +thyrotropin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +releasing I-Chemical +hormone O +( O +TRH O +) O +both O +have O +been O +reported O +to O +modify O +mood O +and O +activity O +in O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +only O +one O +patient O +met O +these O +criteria O +in O +each O +of O +the O +remaining O +2 O +groups O +, O +consisting O +of O +10 O +patients O +receiving O +MIF O +- O +1 O +750 O +mg O +per O +day O +and O +5 O +patients O +receiving O +placebo O +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +insight O +into O +the O +contribution O +of O +the O +protein O +could O +be O +gained O +from O +comparison O +of O +TYMV O +and O +eggplant O +mosaic O +virus O +( O +EMV O +) O +, O +a O +virus O +similar O +to O +TYMV O +although O +its O +top O +component O +contains O +low O +molecular O +mass O +RNA O +' O +s O +able O +to O +bind O +various O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Fragment O +T1 O +and O +fragment O +P1 O +both O +have O +purine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +rich I-Chemical +and O +cytosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +poor I-Chemical +sequences O +near O +their O +termini O +. O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +release O +from O +the O +sarcoplasmic O +reticulum O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +compared O +to O +controls O +, O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +, O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +, O +meprobamate O +, O +and O +mecloqualone O +increased O +drinking O +time O +whether O +the O +experiments O +were O +run O +on O +naive O +or O +on O +experienced O +animals O +[ O +5 O +or O +10 O +( O +in O +mice O +) O +and O +9 O +( O +in O +rats O +) O +exposures O +in O +the O +test O +situation O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Newborn O +rats O +were O +treated O +at O +1 O +and O +2 O +days O +after O +birth O +with O +100 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxydopamine I-Chemical +( O +60HDA O +) O +, O +s O +. O +c O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +in O +these O +same O +brain O +areas O +was O +not O +significantly O +altered O +, O +but O +there O +appeared O +to O +be O +some O +decrease O +in O +the O +activity O +of O +this O +enzyme O +in O +the O +hippocampus O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +found O +that O +clozapine B-Chemical +in O +combination O +with O +physostigmine B-Chemical +did O +not O +present O +the O +profile O +of O +activity O +of O +a O +classical O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +agent O +; O +neither O +did O +haloperidol B-Chemical +in O +combination O +with O +atropine B-Chemical +present O +that O +of O +clozapine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +the O +interaction O +between O +dopaminergic O +and O +cholinergic O +systems O +in O +the O +striatum O +is O +highly O +complex O +, O +and O +that O +a O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +possessing O +both O +potent O +DA O +- O +receptor O +blocking O +and O +muscarinic O +anticholinergic O +activity O +, O +while O +being O +less O +likely O +to O +cause O +parkinsonism O +in O +patients O +, O +would O +be O +more O +likely O +to O +induce O +tardive O +dyskinesias O +. O + +aps B-category +Their O +adrenal O +glands O +were O +analyzed O +for O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +( O +TH O +) O +and O +phenylethanolamine O +- O +N O +- O +methyltransferase O +( O +PNMT O +) O +activities O +and O +for O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +( O +NE O +) O +and O +epinephrine B-Chemical +( O +EPI O +) O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclic O +GMP O +in O +the O +CSF O +of O +patients O +with O +schizophrenia O +before O +and O +after O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +the O +CSF O +cyclic O +GMP O +levels O +in O +a O +group O +of O +10 O +schizophrenic O +patients O +were O +compared O +before O +and O +after O +2 O +months O +of O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +could O +indicate O +some O +tendency O +for O +decreased O +activity O +of O +central O +cholinergic O +neurons O +in O +schizophrenia O +as O +well O +as O +a O +restored O +dopaminergic O +- O +cholinergic O +balance O +after O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Behavioral O +effects O +of O +peptides O +in O +animals O +: O +further O +experience O +with O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +antagonism O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Purification O +and O +molecular O +properties O +of O +interferon B-Chemical +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Fractions O +of O +serum O +calcium B-Chemical +by O +ultrafiltration O +. O + +aps B-category +Arterial O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +tension O +and O +pH O +were O +maintained O +within O +a O +physiologic O +range O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +proposed O +to O +name O +this O +the O +Van O +Slyke O +equation O +: O +a O +- O +24 O +. O +4 O += O +- O +( O +2 O +. O +3 O +X O +b O ++ O +7 O +. O +7 O +) O +X O +( O +c O +- O +7 O +. O +40 O +) O ++ O +d O +/ O +( O +1 O +- O +0 O +. O +023 O +X O +b O +) O +, O +where O +a O += O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +concentration O +in O +plasma O +/ O +( O +mmol O +/ O +l O +) O +, O +b O += O +hemoglobin O +concentration O +in O +blood O +/ O +( O +mmol O +/ O +l O +) O +, O +c O += O +pH O +of O +plasma O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +, O +d O += O +base O +excess O +concentration O +in O +blood O +/ O +( O +mmol O +/ O +l O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +the O +introduction O +of O +Van O +Slyke O +' O +s O +methods O +for O +quantitative O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +measurements O +in O +biological O +fluids O +, O +one O +important O +source O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +donation O +became O +identifiable O +; O +and O +these O +and O +derived O +methods O +have O +permitted O +of O +fairly O +precise O +quantitative O +descriptions O +of O +transport O +and O +pulmonary O +elimination O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +a O +distinction O +should O +be O +made O +between O +( O +1 O +) O +processes O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +donation O +, O +reversible O +by O +endogenous O +metabolic O +means O +( O +quantitated O +in O +terms O +of O +the O +component O +MA O += O +metabolizable O +non O +- O +carbonic O +acid O +) O +and O +( O +2 O +) O +processes O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +donation O +associated O +with O +gastro O +- O +intestinal O +, O +skeletal O +, O +and O +renal O +transport O +, O +storage O +, O +and O +control O +of O +non O +- O +metabolizable O +non O +- O +carbonic O +acid O +( O +NA O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +basis O +of O +the O +excess O +chemical O +potential O +of O +H O ++ O +it O +is O +possible O +to O +calculate O +the O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +concentration O +in O +the O +system O += O +the O +equilibrium O +concentration O +of O +H O ++ O += O +the O +concentration O +of O +free O +H O ++ O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Successful O +ulcer O +therapy O +with O +histamine B-Chemical +antagonists O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Propranolol B-Chemical +increased O +peripheral O +resistance O +at O +rest O +but O +not O +during O +exercise O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Essential O +hypertension O +: O +adrenergic O +control O +system O +, O +renin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +angiotensin I-Chemical +effector O +axis O +, O +kidney O +and O +age O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +action O +of O +chloroplasts O +in O +the O +light O +reactions O +of O +photosynthesis O +is O +the O +reduction O +of O +NADP O +to O +NADPH B-Chemical +and O +phosphorylation O +of O +ADP O +to O +ATP O +by O +light O +energy O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +strong O +alkali B-Chemical +, O +nicotinamide O +adenine O +dinucleotide O +( O +NAD O ++ O +) O +undergoes O +a O +ring O +opening O +of O +the O +nicotinamide O +ring O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +yield O +of O +2 O +- O +hydroxynicotinaldehyde O +from O +ONAD O +has O +been O +estimated O +as O +95 O +% O +at O +NaOH B-Chemical +concentrations O +of O +5 O +N O +and O +above O +, O +and O +is O +postulated O +to O +result O +from O +ring O +closure O +of O +CGDA O +. O + +aps B-category +Isolation O +, O +characterization O +, O +and O +activation O +of O +the O +magnesium B-Chemical +dependent O +endodeoxyribonuclease O +from O +Bacillus O +subtilis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +nuclease O +was O +dependent O +on O +magnesium B-Chemical +or O +maganese O +ions O +for O +hydrolytic O +activity O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +stability O +and O +rate O +constants O +for O +the O +interaction O +of O +acetazolamide B-Chemical +( O +diamox O +) O +and O +4 O +- O +nitrothiophenolate O +ion O +( O +NTP O +) O +with O +the O +bivalent O +Mn O +, O +Co O +, O +Ni O +, O +Cu O +and O +Cd O +forms O +of O +bovine O +carbonic O +anhydrase O +have O +been O +measured O +by O +utilizing O +the O +distinct O +visible O +spectra O +of O +each O +metalloenzyme O +- O +NTP O +adduct O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +absence O +of O +a O +deuterium O +- O +isotope O +effect O +on O +V O +at O +pH O +7 O +- O +8 O +and O +comparison O +of O +the O +Ki O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +as O +an O +uncompetitive O +inhibitor O +of O +the O +forward O +reaction O +and O +a O +substrate O +for O +the O +reverse O +reaction O +indicate O +that O +at O +neutral O +pH O +the O +release O +of O +TPNH O +from O +enzyme O +- O +reduced O +triphosphopyridine O +nucleotide B-Chemical +( O +E O +- O +TPNH O +) O +is O +the O +rate O +- O +limiting O +step O +in O +the O +forward O +direction O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +Mn2 O ++ O +as O +the O +activator O +, O +an O +active O +- O +site O +residue O +with O +a O +pK O +of O +5 O +. O +4 O +must O +be O +protonated O +for O +oxalacetate O +decarboxylation O +and O +ionized O +for O +the O +oxidative O +decarboxylation O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +malate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +V O +profile O +for O +reaction O +of O +malate B-Chemical +shows O +these O +pKs O +displaced O +outward O +by O +1 O +. O +4 O +pH O +units O +, O +since O +the O +rate O +- O +limiting O +step O +is O +normally O +TPNH O +release O +, O +and O +the O +chemical O +reaction O +, O +which O +is O +pH O +sensitive O +, O +is O +25 O +times O +faster O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +magnesium B-Chemical +on O +the O +properties O +of O +zinc B-Chemical +alkaline O +phosphatase O +. O + +aps B-category +Importantly O +, O +the O +binding O +of O +magnesium B-Chemical +is O +dependent O +both O +upon O +pH O +and O +zinc B-Chemical +content O +. O + +aps B-category +Under O +the O +conditions O +employed O +for O +the O +present O +experimental O +studies O +, O +a O +maximum O +of O +six O +metal O +sites O +are O +available O +to O +bind O +zinc B-Chemical +and O +magnesium B-Chemical +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O +, O +four O +for O +zinc B-Chemical +and O +two O +for O +magnesium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Moreover O +, O +hydrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tritium I-Chemical +exchange O +reveals O +the O +stabilizing O +effects O +of O +magnesium B-Chemical +on O +the O +structural O +properties O +of O +phosphatase O +. O + +aps B-category +Hence O +, O +magnesium B-Chemical +, O +which O +is O +specificially O +bound O +to O +the O +enzyme O +, O +both O +stabilizes O +the O +dynamic O +protein O +structure O +and O +regulates O +the O +expression O +of O +catalytic O +activity O +by O +zinc B-Chemical +in O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +of O +ferroxidase O +II O +with O +8 O +M O +urea B-Chemical +, O +6 O +M O +guanidine O +hydrochloride O +, O +or O +6 O +M O +guanidine O +hydrochloride O +and O +alkylation O +does O +not O +result O +in O +the O +dissociation O +of O +the O +enzyme O +into O +subunits O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +evolution O +of O +the O +CD O +spectra O +in O +both O +spectral O +regions O +of O +the O +peptides O +in O +aqueous O +solution O +during O +a O +titration O +from O +pH O +1 O +to O +pH O +12 O +makes O +it O +possible O +to O +elucidate O +further O +the O +role O +of O +ionizable O +groups O +and O +their O +interaction O +with O +aromatic O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +such O +as O +tyrosine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +the O +side O +chains O +of O +valine O +3 O +, O +isoleucine O +5 O +, O +and O +the O +biologically O +essential O +histidine O +6 O +serve O +mainly O +to O +correctly O +align O +the O +phenolic O +ring O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +in O +position O +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +resulting O +ferricytochrome O +c O +species O +then O +slowly O +develops O +an O +absorbance O +at O +606 O +nm O +due O +to O +the O +attack O +of O +the O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +group O +on O +the O +haem O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +M O +[ O +3H O +] O +cytochalasin O +B O +, O +glucose B-Chemical +of O +p O +- O +chloromercuribenzoate O +, O +an O +inhibitor O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +transport O +inhibited O +binding O +by O +about O +20 O +% O +; O +treatment O +of O +membranes O +with O +0 O +. O +6 O +M O +KI O +which O +depolymerizes O +F O +actin O +to O +G O +actin O +caused O +about O +60 O +% O +inhibition O +of O +binding O +. O + +aps B-category +Ureidosuccinic O +acid O +uptake O +occurs O +with O +proline O +but O +with O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +as O +nitrogen B-Chemical +source O +it O +is O +inhibited O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reactivities O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +and O +tryptophan B-Chemical +residues O +in O +lipid O +- O +bound O +cytochrome O +b5 O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +acetylation O +with O +acetylimidazole O +resulted O +in O +the O +conversion O +of O +all O +5 O +tyrosine B-Chemical +groups O +of O +lipid O +- O +free O +as O +well O +as O +lipid O +- O +bound O +cytochrome O +b5 O +into O +O O +- O +acetylated O +derivatives O +, O +which O +upon O +treatment O +with O +hydroxylamine O +were O +completely O +deacetylated O +. O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +ion O +- O +flux O +across O +phosphatidylcholine O +membranes O +mediated O +by O +ionophore O +A23187 O +. O + +aps B-category +Permeabilities O +to O +smaller O +molecules O +such O +as O +MgATP2 O +- O +, O +[ O +3H O +] O +inositol B-Chemical +and O +[ O +14C O +] O +choline B-Chemical +were O +initially O +high O +but O +could O +be O +greatly O +reduced O +by O +incubation O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +for O +an O +hour O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +phase O +changes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aggregation O +of O +vesicles O +that O +is O +observed O +during O +fusion O +is O +not O +sufficient O +range O +of O +2 O +. O +0 O +- O +5 O +. O +0 O +mM O +induces O +aggregation O +of O +phosphatidylserine B-Chemical +vesicles O +but O +no O +significant O +fusion O +nor O +a O +phase O +change O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +found O +that O +the O +newly O +- O +available O +compound O +, O +bis O +- O +( O +4 O +- O +methylumbelliferyl O +) O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +could O +be O +used O +as O +a O +substrate O +for O +the O +pig O +platelet O +surface O +membrane O +- O +associated O +phosphodiesterase O +activity O +, O +usually O +assayed O +with O +bis O +- O +( O +p O +- O +nitrophenyl O +) O +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Chicken O +liver O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +( O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactate I-Chemical +: O +NAD O ++ O +oxidoreductase O +, O +EC O +1 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +. O +27 O +) O +irreversibly O +catalyses O +the O +oxidation O +of O +glyoxylate O +( O +hydrated O +form O +) O +( O +I O +) O +to O +oxalate O +( O +pH O += O +9 O +. O +6 O +) O +and O +the O +reduction O +of O +( O +non O +- O +hydrated O +form O +) O +( O +II O +) O +to O +glycolate O +( O +pH O += O +7 O +. O +4 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +and O +NAD O ++ O +are O +preincubated O +, O +E O +- O +NAD O ++ O +- O +NAD O ++ O +appears O +and O +causes O +inhibition O +by O +excess O +NAD O ++ O +in O +the O +glyoxylate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +- O +NAD O ++ O +and O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactate I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +- O +NAD O ++ O +systems O +; O +the O +second O +NAD O ++ O +molecule O +attaches O +to O +the O +enzyme O +at O +the O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactate I-Chemical +binding O +site O +. O + +aps B-category +NADP O +- O +linked O +aldehyde B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +( O +aldehyde B-Chemical +: O +NADP O ++ O +oxidoreductase O +, O +EC O +1 O +. O +2 O +. O +1 O +. O +4 O +) O +was O +purified O +from O +Proteus O +vulgaris O +to O +the O +stage O +of O +homogeneity O +as O +judged O +by O +ultracentrifugation O +and O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +did O +not O +require O +coenzyme O +A O +, O +and O +the O +reaction O +was O +completely O +dependent O +on O +ammonium B-Chemical +ions O +which O +could O +be O +partially O +replaced O +by O +Rb O ++ O +or O +K O ++ O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +physiological O +role O +of O +the O +enzyme O +in O +living O +cells O +is O +obscure O +, O +but O +might O +account O +for O +another O +degradative O +pathway O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical +in O +P O +. O +vulgaris O +differing O +from O +the O +established O +pathway O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +was O +found O +to O +slightly O +increase O +lipase O +activity O +while O +bile O +salts O +showed O +marked O +inhibition O +except O +at O +very O +low O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +was O +shown O +to O +eliminate O +the O +time O +lag O +periods O +between O +enzyme O +addition O +and O +maximum O +rate O +of O +hydrolysis O +seen O +at O +low O +substrate O +concentrations O +and O +the O +time O +lag O +noted O +when O +bile O +salts O +were O +included O +with O +normal O +( O +substrate O +concentration O +not O +limiting O +) O +assay O +concentrations O +of O +substrate O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +can O +account O +for O +the O +poor O +oxygen B-Chemical +delivery O +of O +erythrocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +Additional O +experiments O +on O +the O +effect O +of O +azide O +, O +and O +fluoride B-Chemical +, O +ferric O +ligands O +which O +produce O +a O +change O +of O +spin O +state O +of O +the O +heme O +iron B-Chemical +, O +suggest O +that O +additional O +second O +order O +conformational O +changes O +may O +also O +come O +into O +play O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +determination O +of O +the O +number O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +binding O +sites O +of O +fibrinogen O +was O +carried O +out O +by O +means O +of O +equilibrium O +experiments O +. O + +aps B-category +Organic O +phosphate B-Chemical +binding O +to O +hemoglobin O +in O +intact O +human O +erythrocytes O +determined O +by O +31P O +nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +spectroscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +new O +hemoglobin O +variant O +in O +the O +alpha1beta1 O +contact O +region O +showing O +high O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +and O +reduced O +cooperativity O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +cellulose O +acetate O +it O +moved O +as O +a O +band O +between O +hemoglobins O +F O +and O +S O +, O +and O +on O +citrate B-Chemical +agar O +as O +a O +band O +at O +hemoglobin O +S O +. O +The O +test O +for O +solubility O +in O +2 O +M O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +with O +Na2S2O4 O +was O +negative O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +condition O +is O +reflected O +in O +high O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +and O +low O +cooperativity O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +form O +of O +prothrombin O +induced O +by O +Warfarin B-Chemical +therapy O +, O +has O +been O +isolated O +which O +is O +adsorbed O +onto O +insoluble O +barium B-Chemical +salts O +, O +but O +has O +a O +reduced O +biological O +activity O +. 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O + +aps B-category +These O +experiments O +indicate O +that O +the O +major O +pathway O +for O +the O +biotransformation O +of O +D O +( O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +ephedrine I-Chemical +and O +L O +( O ++ O +) O +- B-Chemical +ephedrine I-Chemical +involves O +N O +- O +demethylation O +and O +oxidative O +deamination O +of O +the O +side O +chain O +. O + +aps B-category +Pentazocine B-Chemical +, O +cyclazocine O +, O +and O +ketocyclazocine O +were O +also O +metabolized O +to O +phenolic O +glucuronides O +of O +the O +parent O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Suppressed O +biliary O +excretion O +of O +imipramine B-Chemical +and O +sulfobromophthalein O +. O + +aps B-category +Metabolic O +fate O +of O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +N O +- O +Hydroxylation O +of O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +in O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +a O +minute O +amount O +( O +approximately O +1 O +% O +) O +of O +unchanged O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +was O +found O +in O +the O +urine O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +basis O +of O +inhibition O +studies O +of O +the O +dealkylation O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +norcodeine O +, O +George O +and O +Tephly O +concluded O +that O +O O +- O +dealkylation O +and O +N O +- O +dealkylation O +are O +catalyzed O +by O +different O +enzymes O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +perfusion O +medium O +presently O +used O +in O +our O +experiments O +consisted O +of O +washed O +bovine O +red O +blood O +cells O +resuspended O +to O +a O +15 O +% O +hematocrit O +with O +Krebs O +- O +Henseleit O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +buffer O +containing O +6 O +% O +dialyzed O +Pentex O +bovine O +serum O +albumin O +. O + +aps B-category +Lungs O +perfused O +for O +1 O +. O +5 O +hr O +with O +this O +apparatus O +maintain O +viability O +, O +show O +little O +edema O +, O +maintain O +blood O +gases O +, O +and O +show O +linear O +incorporation O +of O +labeled O +glucose B-Chemical +into O +lung O +lipids O +. O + +aps B-category +Regulation O +of O +nitrogen B-Chemical +catabolic O +enzymes O +in O +chick O +liver O +: O +effects O +of O +insulin O +. O + +aps B-category +methionine B-Chemical +) O +and O +certain O +antimetabolites O +( O +e O +. O +g O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +a O +vitamin B-Chemical +B6 I-Chemical +dependency O +was O +observed O +in O +responses O +to O +both O +high O +protein O +diets O +and O +insulin O +, O +all O +suggesting O +a O +common O +regulatory O +mechanism O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +progesterone B-Chemical +levels O +rise O +and O +oestrogen B-Chemical +levels O +fall O +towards O +the O +end O +of O +pregnancy O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +evaluate O +to O +what O +metabolci O +event O +in O +contracting O +muscles O +heart O +rate O +( O +HR O +) O +and O +VE O +are O +related O +, O +time O +courses O +of O +femoral O +and O +cubital O +venous O +[ O +K O += O +] O +, O +osomolality O +( O +OSM O +) O +, O +pH O +, O +POC2 O +, O +PO2 O +, O +[ O +lactate B-Chemical +] O +, O +and O +[ O +orthophosphate O +] O +( O +[ O +Pi O +] O +) O +at O +onset O +of O +exercise O +were O +studied O +in O +athletes O +( O +TR O +) O +and O +non O +- O +athletes O +( O +UT O +) O +and O +compared O +to O +time O +courses O +of O +HR O +and O +VE O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +increase O +of O +light O +absorption O +at O +250 O +nm O +was O +proportional O +to O +the O +amount O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumed O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +, O +a O +sensitized O +oligomerization O +of O +albumin O +was O +observed O +, O +independent O +of O +oxidation O +of O +the O +histidine O +residues O +, O +and O +not O +consuming O +oxygen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +CO2 O +- O +mediated O +control O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +isolated O +hamster O +brown O +- O +fat O +cells O +during O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +stimulation O +. O + +aps B-category +If O +Krebs O +- O +Ringer O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +is O +bubbled O +with O +CO2 O +prior O +to O +the O +addition O +of O +cells O +and O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +, O +the O +respiratory O +capacity O +of O +the O +cells O +is O +further O +potentiated O +and O +most O +important O +, O +the O +respiration O +is O +maintained O +at O +a O +high O +rate O +until O +the O +medium O +becomes O +depleted O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +indicate O +that O +CO2 O +has O +a O +regulatory O +effect O +on O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +isolated O +hamster O +brown O +- O +fat O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +means O +of O +1H O +nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +spectroscopy O +and O +the O +action O +of O +D O +and O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +the O +configuration O +of O +the O +phenylalamine O +has O +been O +shown O +to O +be O +( O +2R O +, O +3S O +) O +and O +( O +2S O +, O +3S O +) O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +implications O +of O +these O +findings O +for O +the O +investigation O +of O +the O +metabolism O +of O +aromatic O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +are O +discussed O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +during O +urogenesis O +from O +ammonia B-Chemical +mitochondrial O +isocitrate O +oxidation O +is O +shifted O +largely O +in O +favor O +of O +the O +NADP O +- O +linked O +as O +opposed O +to O +the O +NAD O +- O +linked O +enzyme O +; O +isocitrate O +concentration O +under O +these O +conditions O +is O +less O +than O +10 O +muM O +, O +below O +the O +Km O +( O +isocitrate O +) O +of O +the O +NAD O +- O +linked O +enzyme O +but O +in O +the O +range O +of O +that O +for O +the O +NADP O +- O +linked O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +and O +data O +in O +the O +literature O +on O +enzyme O +activity O +are O +in O +agreement O +with O +the O +assumption O +of O +near O +- O +equilibrium O +of O +NADP O +- O +dependent O +isocitrate O +dehydrogenases O +in O +the O +mitochondrial O +matrix O +and O +cytosolic O +spaces O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +ammonia B-Chemical +; O +accordingly O +, O +during O +urea B-Chemical +formation O +from O +added O +ammonia B-Chemical +the O +redox O +potential O +of O +mitochondrial O +free O +NADPH B-Chemical +is O +increased O +to O +- O +391 O +mV O +or O +possibly O +even O +higher O +if O +there O +exists O +an O +indicator O +error O +under O +this O +condition O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +carboxylic O +and O +the O +polyethyleneimine O +derivatives O +synthesized O +have O +been O +shown O +to O +be O +co O +- O +enzymically O +active O +with O +yeast O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +, O +liver O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +and O +yeast O +aldehyde B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +were O +purified O +by O +affinity O +chromatography O +on O +an O +adsorbent O +containing O +matrix O +- O +bound O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +galactosamine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +lectin O +fractions O +have O +the O +same O +molecular O +( O +125000 O +) O +and O +subunit O +( O +33000 O +) O +weights O +, O +display O +the O +same O +pH O +dependence O +of O +their O +titre O +against O +A1 O +erythrocytes O +, O +and O +bind O +to O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +galactosamine I-Chemical +at O +pH O +8 O +with O +the O +same O +constant O +of O +about O +6 O +X O +10 O +( O +3 O +) O +M O +- O +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +Detergent O +- O +resistant O +phospholipase O +A O +, O +which O +is O +tightly O +bound O +to O +the O +outer O +membranes O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +K O +- O +12 O +cells O +, O +was O +purified O +approximately O +2000 O +- O +fold O +to O +near O +homogeneity O +by O +solubilization O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecylsulfate O +and O +butan O +- O +1 O +- O +ol O +, O +acid O +precipitation O +, O +acetone O +fractionation O +and O +column O +chromatographies O +on O +Sephadex O +G O +- O +100 O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecylsulfate O +and O +on O +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +Triton O +X O +- O +100 O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +stable O +in O +0 O +. O +5 O +% O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecylsulfate O +at O +below O +40 O +degrees O +C O +. O +The O +enzyme O +was O +inactivated O +on O +incubation O +for O +5 O +min O +at O +90 O +degrees O +C O +in O +1 O +% O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecylsulfate O +/ O +1 O +% O +2 O +- O +mercaptoethanol O +/ O +4 O +M O +urea B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +it O +differs O +from O +the O +latter O +in O +its O +positional O +specificity O +and O +susceptibility O +to O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecylsulfate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +calcium B-Chemical +binding O +properties O +of O +non O +- O +activated O +phosphorylase O +kinase O +at O +pH O +6 O +. O +8 O +have O +been O +studied O +by O +the O +gel O +filtration O +technique O +at O +calcium B-Chemical +concentrations O +from O +50 O +nM O +to O +50 O +muM O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +buffer O +containing O +155 O +mM O +NH4Cl O +and O +10 O +mM O +MgCl2 O +, O +the O +calcium B-Chemical +affinity O +of O +these O +sites O +is O +reduced O +to O +a O +KCa O +of O +3 O +. O +0 O +X O +10 O +( O +6 O +) O +M O +- O +1 O +, O +indicating O +competition O +between O +Ca2 O ++ O +and O +Mg2 O ++ O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +intracellular O +binding O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +corticosterone B-Chemical +and O +[ O +3H O +] O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +and O +their O +metabolites O +to O +macromolecules O +in O +rat O +liver O +cytosol O +was O +studied O +in O +vivo O +and O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +Competition O +experiments O +indicate O +that O +corticosterone B-Chemical +and O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +bind O +to O +the O +same O +site O +of O +the O +glucocorticoid O +receptor O +molecule O +. O + +aps B-category +5alpha O +- O +Dihydrocorticosterone O +, O +on O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +competed O +to O +a O +very O +limited O +extent O +with O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +for O +binding O +sites O +on O +the O +receptor O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +5alpha O +- O +dihydrocorticosterone O +probably O +does O +not O +act O +as O +the O +mediator O +of O +corticosterone B-Chemical +action O +in O +rat O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +adrenal O +stress O +response O +was O +examined O +in O +young O +and O +mature O +rats O +of O +both O +sexes O +by O +measuring O +the O +increase O +in O +adrenal O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +and O +serum O +corticosterone B-Chemical +following O +exposure O +to O +electric O +footshock O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +decreased O +responsiveness O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +in O +mature O +male O +rats O +could O +be O +overcome O +by O +giving O +prior O +experience O +with O +electric O +footshock O +. 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O + +aps B-category +[ O +Medazepam O +and O +metoclopramide B-Chemical +in O +experimental O +barbiturate B-Chemical +narcosis O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +action O +of O +reserpine B-Chemical +added O +to O +the O +bathing O +solution O +has O +been O +studied O +in O +isolated O +organs O +, O +examining O +various O +kinds O +of O +receptor O +systems O +and O +biological O +preparations O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +important O +effect O +of O +reserpine B-Chemical +is O +the O +inhibition O +of O +the O +maximum O +response O +to O +noradrenalin O +in O +the O +rat O +vas O +deferens O +, O +and O +the O +inhibition O +of O +response O +to O +furtrethonium O +and O +histamine B-Chemical +in O +the O +intestine O +of O +rat O +and O +guinea O +- O +pig O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Electric O +charge O +stoicheiometry O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +translocation O +in O +rat O +liver O +mitochondria O +. O + +aps B-category +Purification O +and O +subunit O +structure O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +from O +rat O +liver O +cytosol O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibitory O +effect O +of O +membrane O +active O +compounds O +on O +induction O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +in O +chick O +embryo O +liver O +cells O +in O +culture O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +an O +attempt O +to O +detect O +the O +existence O +of O +histaminergic O +mechanisms O +in O +the O +regulation O +of O +prolactin O +secretion O +in O +rats O +, O +the O +effects O +of O +histidine O +and O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +receptor I-Chemical +antagonists O +( O +chlorpheniramine B-Chemical +and O +metiamide O +) O +on O +plasma O +prolactin O +levels O +in O +urethan O +- O +anesthetized O +rats O +were O +investigated O +in O +relation O +to O +other O +aminergic O +mechanisms O +. O + +aps B-category +Brocresine O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +a O +histidine O +decarboxylase O +inhibitor O +, O +markedly O +stimulated O +prolactin O +secretion O +in O +urethan O +- O +anesthetized O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +histidine O +significantly O +stimulated O +prolactin O +secretion O +in O +chlorpheniramine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Pilot O +open O +- O +label O +study O +of O +alprazolam B-Chemical +( O +U O +- O +31 O +, O +889 O +) O +in O +anxious O +alcoholic O +out O +- O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +adverse O +effects O +attributable O +to O +alprazolam B-Chemical +were O +noted O +on O +laboratory O +evaluations O +, O +EKG O +' O +s O +or O +ophthalmologic O +examinations O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +all O +cases O +the O +nonmalignant O +tissue O +showed O +greater O +conversion O +of O +estradiol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +17 I-Chemical +beta O +into O +estrone O +than O +the O +neoplastic O +tissues O +. O + +aps B-category +Alterations O +in O +the O +concentration O +of O +acid O +in O +gastric O +juice O +secreted O +at O +different O +flow O +rates O +and O +disappearance O +of O +acid O +from O +the O +gastric O +lumen O +, O +when O +the O +gastric O +mucosa O +is O +exposed O +to O +acid O +luminal B-Chemical +contents O +, O +have O +been O +interpreted O +as O +indicating O +" O +back O +- O +diffusion O +" O +of O +acid O +into O +the O +gastric O +mucosa O +from O +the O +luminal B-Chemical +contents O +. 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O + +aps B-category +[ O +Use O +of O +optimalized O +methods O +in O +the O +determination O +of O +enzymatic O +activity O +in O +workers O +exposed O +to O +the O +action O +of O +fluorine O +and O +vinyl O +chloride B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +shown O +that O +elevated O +levels O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +and O +1 O +- O +cystine O +increase O +the O +mitotic O +index O +and O +improve O +the O +keeping O +qualities O +of O +the O +medium O +199 O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +demonstrable O +interactive O +effect O +was O +dependent O +on O +a O +conditioning O +period O +of O +hypocapnia O +, O +and O +this O +was O +shown O +to O +be O +associated O +with O +an O +elevated O +level O +of O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +to O +a O +greater O +degree O +in O +cerebral O +venous O +blood O +than O +in O +CSF O +or O +arterial O +blood O +. 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O +5 O +mM O +/ O +L O +after O +2 O +hours O +of O +hypercapnia O +( O +delta O +PCO2 O +40 O +) O +in O +the O +rats O +with O +intraventricular O +' O +mock O +' O +CSF O +injections O +, O +and O +only O +6 O +mM O +/ O +L O +in O +the O +animals O +with O +acetazolamide B-Chemical +injections O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +total O +brain O +CO2 O +( O +increase O +) O +and O +brain O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +decrease O +) O +in O +hypercapnia O +were O +not O +affected O +by O +intraventricular O +acetazolamide B-Chemical +and O +i O +. O +v O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Action O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +on O +cardiac O +hemodynamics O +in O +hypertensive O +patients O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Blood O +calcium B-Chemical +and O +stimulation O +of O +gastric O +secretion O +( O +preliminary O +note O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Regulation O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +release O +by O +presynaptic O +receptor O +systems O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +comparison O +of O +turnover O +rates O +of O +different O +histones O +from O +liver O +and O +spleen O +, O +measured O +by O +the O +level O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical +incorporation O +and O +subsequent O +decay O +of O +its O +specific O +activity O +with O +time O +, O +showed O +that O +while O +the O +activity O +and O +turnover O +or O +arginine O +- O +rich O +histones O +F3 O +and O +F2a2 O +was O +reduced O +in O +old O +liver O +, O +ageing O +was O +associated O +with O +increased O +turnover O +of O +F1 O +histone O +. O + +aps B-category +18 O +free O +amino B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +have O +been O +valuated O +in O +a O +group O +of O +patients O +recovering O +from O +myocardial O +infarction O +dating O +more O +than O +one O +year O +back O +and O +in O +another O +group O +of O +healthy O +active O +athlets O +. 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O +07 O +and O +( O +Vmax O +/ O +Km O +) O +H O +/ O +( O +Vmax O +/ O +Km O +) O +D O += O +1 O +. O +11 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +14 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +transition O +from O +deoxy O +to O +oxystructure O +of O +hemoglobin O +A O +( O +Hb O +) O +is O +accompanied O +by O +the O +breaking O +of O +the O +salt B-Chemical +bridges O +formed O +by O +C O +- O +terminal O +residues O +in O +deoxy O +- O +Hb O +. 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O + +aps B-category +beta O +- O +D O +- O +Glucosidase O +, O +glucoamylase O +, O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +oxidase O +were O +found O +to O +be O +more O +susceptible O +to O +denaturation O +on O +lyophilization O +when O +immobilized O +than O +in O +the O +native O +state O +; O +however O +, O +sorbitol O +had O +a O +marked O +protective O +effect O +in O +every O +case O +examined O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +group O +of O +43 O +patients O +was O +given O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +( O +CY O +) O +, O +60 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +on O +each O +of O +2 O +days O +, O +5 O +and O +4 O +days O +before O +TBI O +. O + +aps B-category +Fifty O +patients O +developed O +moderate O +to O +severe O +GVHD O +, O +and O +40 O +of O +these O +were O +treated O +with O +antithymocyte B-Chemical +globulin I-Chemical +. 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O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +and O +suxamethonium B-Chemical +at O +three O +dose O +levels O +( O +50 O +mg O +, O +75 O +mg O +and O +100 O +mg O +) O +were O +investigated O +in O +106 O +adult O +patients O +to O +determine O +the O +time O +interval O +from O +injection O +to O +tracheal O +intubation O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +significant O +difference O +between O +the O +intubation O +time O +when O +smaller O +doses O +of O +suxamethonium B-Chemical +( O +50 O +mg O +and O +75 O +mg O +were O +used O +and O +those O +when O +AH8165 O +( O +1 O +mg O +and O +1 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +were O +given O +. O + +aps B-category +Characterization O +of O +the O +interaction O +between O +chymotrypsin O +and O +heparin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activity O +of O +chymotrypsin O +towards O +GPANA O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +6 O +is O +enhanced O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +heparin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +chymotrypsin I-Chemical +complex O +migrates O +under O +basic O +polyacrylamide O +disc O +gel O +electrophoresis O +conditions O +to O +a O +position O +intermediate O +between O +heparin B-Chemical +and O +free O +chymotrypsin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +was O +found O +to O +be O +Lys O +5 O +, O +His O +2 O +, O +Arg1 O +, O +Asx11 O +, O +Thr5 O +, O +Ser7 O +, O +Glx17 O +, O +Pro6 O +, O +Gly7 O +, O +Ala6 O +- O +7 O +, O +Cys4 O +, O +Val8 O +, O +Ile5 O +, O +Leu7 O +, O +Tyr3 O +, O +Phe2 O +, O +and O +Trp1 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +terminal I-Chemical +residue O +was O +alanine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +lipid O +peroxidation O +was O +determined O +in O +humans O +, O +using O +subcellular O +fractions O +of O +livers O +obtained O +from O +newborn O +infants O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +pigs O +prepared O +with O +re O +- O +entrant O +cannulas O +in O +the O +proximal O +duodenum O +and O +terminal O +ileum O +were O +used O +to O +study O +flow O +rates O +of O +total O +digesta O +, O +insoluble O +dry O +matter O +, O +nitrogen B-Chemical +, O +and O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +entering O +and O +leaving O +the O +small O +intestine O +. O + +aps B-category +Evoked O +release O +from O +guinea O +pig O +cerebral O +cortex O +slices O +of O +endogenous O +14C O +- O +labelled O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +labelled O +via O +D O +- O +[ O +U O +- O +14C O +] O +glucose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Electrical O +field O +stimulation O +evoked O +a O +selective O +release O +of O +endogenous O +[ O +14C O +] O +glutamate B-Chemical +, O +[ O +14C O +] O +aspartate B-Chemical +, O +and O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +[ O +14C O +] O +butyrate O +( O +14C O +- O +labelled O +GABA B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +glucose B-Chemical +in O +mammalian O +brain O +is O +metabolized O +almost O +entirely O +by O +the O +so O +- O +called O +' O +large O +compartment O +' O +, O +it O +is O +tentatively O +concluded O +that O +the O +releasable O +' O +transmitter O +pool O +' O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +, O +aspartate B-Chemical +, O +and O +GABA B-Chemical +is O +located O +in O +this O +' O +large O +compartment O +' O +. O + +aps B-category +Spontaneous O +and O +electrically O +evoked O +release O +of O +exogenous O +labelled O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +and O +endogenous O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +labelled O +from O +D O +- O +[ O +U O +- O +14C O +] O +glucose B-Chemical +were O +compared O +in O +control O +and O +Ca2 O ++ O +- O +free O +medium O +using O +guinea O +pig O +cerebral O +cortex O +slices O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +major O +portion O +of O +the O +electrically O +evoked O +release O +of O +endogenous O +[ O +14C O +] O +glutamate B-Chemical +, O +[ O +14C O +] O +aspartate B-Chemical +, O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +[ O +14C O +] O +butyrate O +( O +14C O +- O +labelled O +GABA B-Chemical +) O +and O +exogenous O +3H O +- O +labelled O +GABA B-Chemical +was O +Ca2 O ++ O +- O +inpendent O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +the O +pattern O +of O +Ca2 O ++ O +- O +dependence O +of O +the O +evoked O +release O +concurred O +with O +the O +selectivity O +of O +the O +evoked O +release O +for O +endogenous O +[ O +14C O +] O +- B-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +, O +[ O +14C O +] O +aspartate B-Chemical +, O +and O +14C O +- O +labelled O +GABA B-Chemical +, O +it O +was O +concluded O +that O +these O +labelled O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +were O +probably O +released O +from O +the O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +' O +transmitter O +pool O +' O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +respective O +contributions O +of O +these O +two O +organs O +to O +acid O +- O +base O +and O +electrolyte O +balance O +in O +normal O +man O +has O +thus O +been O +studied O +in O +eight O +healthy O +male O +volunteers O +who O +underwent O +simultaneous O +renal O +clearance O +studies O +, O +and O +colonic O +perfusion O +with O +a O +0 O +. O +9 O +% O +saline O +or O +7 O +. O +2 O +% O +mannitol B-Chemical +solution O +, O +during O +metabolic O +alkalosis O +and O +acidosis O +, O +extracellular O +volume O +expansion O +, O +and O +control O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +alkalosis O +more O +sodium B-Chemical +than O +chloride B-Chemical +was O +lost O +( O +146 O +muequiv O +. O +/ O +min O +) O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Titratable O +acid O +was O +not O +produced O +in O +the O +colon O +during O +saline O +perfusion O +, O +and O +averaged O +18 O +muequiv O +. O +/ O +min O +during O +mannitol B-Chemical +perfusion O +. O + +aps B-category +More O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +was O +excreted O +in O +the O +urine O +during O +alkalosis O +when O +mannitol B-Chemical +was O +introduced O +in O +the O +colon O +( O +243 O +muequiv O +. O +/ O +min O +) O +than O +when O +saline O +was O +perfused O +( O +152 O +muequiv O +. O +/ O +min O +) O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Pregnant O +mice O +were O +given O +a O +single O +dose O +( O +10 O +mug O +/ O +g O +body O +weight O +) O +of O +diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical +( O +DES O +) O +on O +Days O +7 O +to O +19 O +, O +which O +correspond O +to O +the O +first O +to O +fifth O +lunar O +months O +in O +humans O +, O +after O +the O +authors O +, O +using O +a O +14C O +- O +labeled O +compound O +, O +confirmed O +easy O +placental O +penetration O +by O +DES O +. O + +aps B-category +Formaldehyde O +production O +in O +leukocytes O +is O +only O +slightly O +stimulated O +by O +addition O +of O +various O +cobalamins O +, O +and O +activity O +is O +normal O +in O +leukocytes O +from O +a O +vitamin B-Chemical +B12 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deficient I-Chemical +patient O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +general O +, O +antagonists O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamine I-Chemical +and O +thiol B-Chemical +reagents O +proved O +to O +be O +the O +most O +effective O +inhibitors O +of O +L O +- O +asparagine O +synthetase O +from O +this O +tumor O +source O +. O + +aps B-category +Partially O +purified O +enzyme O +fraction O +from O +rat O +kidney O +possessing O +high O +uridine B-Chemical +kinase O +and O +phosphomonoesterase O +activity O +was O +insolubilized O +by O +means O +of O +zinc B-Chemical +precipitation O +without O +substantial O +loss O +of O +the O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +the O +soluble O +fraction O +, O +the O +two O +enzymes O +in O +zinc B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +precipitated I-Chemical +and O +lyophilized O +preparations O +were O +stable O +on O +heating O +at O +100 O +degrees O +C O +. O +Metal O +complexed O +proteins O +catalyze O +the O +dephosphorylation O +of O +5 O +' O +- O +UMP O +, O +6 O +- O +AzaUMP O +as O +well O +as O +of O +2 O +' O +( O +3 O +' O +) O +- O +UMP O +or O +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +dinitrophenyl O +phosphate B-Chemical +indicating O +thus O +the O +presence O +of O +several O +phosphomonoesterases O +in O +the O +complex O +. O + +aps B-category +Metabolic O +pathway O +of O +L O +- O +3 O +- O +methoxy O +, O +4 O +- O +hydroxyphenylalanine O +( O +3 O +- O +O O +- O +methylDOPA O +) O +- O +participation O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +and O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +determined O +age O +- O +related O +differences O +in O +automaticity O +and O +responsiveness O +of O +cardiac O +Purkinje O +fibers O +from O +adult O +and O +neonatal O +dogs O +to O +graded O +concentrations O +of O +epinephrine B-Chemical +, O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +, O +and O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +increase O +in O +rate O +was O +greater O +with O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +and O +epinephrine B-Chemical +than O +with O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Epinephrine B-Chemical +and O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +dose O +- O +response O +curves O +for O +the O +neonates O +were O +upward O +and O +to O +the O +left O +of O +those O +for O +adults O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +the O +effects O +on O +automiticity O +of O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +amines B-Chemical +are O +greater O +in O +the O +neonates O +than O +in O +the O +adult O +. O + +aps B-category +Baroreflex O +sensitivity O +was O +assessed O +by O +determining O +the O +slope O +of O +a O +regression O +line O +relating O +the O +rise O +of O +systolic O +arterial O +pressure O +to O +the O +prolongation O +of O +the O +R O +- O +R O +interval O +of O +the O +electrocardiogram O +during O +a O +transient O +rise O +of O +arterial O +pressure O +induced O +by O +an O +intravenous O +injection O +of O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +an O +electrochemical O +method O +for O +simple O +, O +rapid O +, O +and O +economical O +assay O +of O +total O +serum O +cholesterol B-Chemical +with O +use O +of O +immobilized O +cholesterol B-Chemical +esterase O +( O +EC O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +. O +13 O +) O +and O +cholesterol B-Chemical +oxidase O +( O +EC O +1 O +. O +1 O +. O +3 O +. O +6 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +calibration O +curve O +for O +total O +serum O +cholesterol B-Chemical +was O +linear O +from O +0 O +to O +5 O +. O +00 O +g O +/ O +liter O +. O + +aps B-category +Evaluation O +of O +a O +new O +automatic O +calcium B-Chemical +ion O +analyzer O +. O + +aps B-category +Over O +the O +phsiological O +range O +interference O +by O +K O ++ O +and O +Mg2 O ++ O +was O +negligible O +; O +major O +changes O +in O +ionic O +strength O +, O +induced O +by O +changes O +in O +N O ++ O +concentration O +, O +made O +correction O +for O +a O +sodium B-Chemical +error O +necessary O +. O + +aps B-category +units O +/ O +ml O +) O +concentrations O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +were O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +new O +semiautomated O +fluorometric O +method O +for O +estimation O +of O +small O +amounts O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +in O +human O +urine O +. O + +aps B-category +Dopa O +is O +isolated O +from O +interfering O +substances O +, O +especially O +catecholamines B-Chemical +, O +by O +adsorption O +onto O +aluminium B-Chemical +oxide O +, O +elution O +with O +0 O +. O +1 O +M O +HCl O +, O +then O +passed O +through O +a O +cation O +- O +exchange O +column O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +is O +isomerised O +with O +strong O +alkali B-Chemical +to O +5 O +, O +6 O +- O +substituted O +indole O +, O +which O +is O +highly O +fluorescent O +but O +very O +unstable O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Phenylethanolamine O +N O +- O +methyltransferase O +and O +other O +enzymes O +of O +catecholamine B-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +human O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Type O +A O +( O +with O +serotonin B-Chemical +as O +substrate O +) O +and O +type O +B O +( O +with O +phenylethylamine O +as O +substrate O +) O +MAO O +activities O +were O +high O +in O +all O +brain O +regions O +with O +little O +individual O +variations O +in O +controls O +and O +Parkinsonian O +cases O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +antigen O +- O +antibody O +complex O +formation O +in O +the O +angiotensin B-Chemical +I O +radioimmunoassay O +appears O +to O +be O +influenced O +by O +the O +pH O +of O +the O +radioimmunoassay O +incubation O +mixture O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +our O +experiments O +we O +studied O +this O +general O +pH O +effect O +, O +and O +evaluated O +the O +effect O +on O +the O +New O +England O +Nuclear O +Angiotensin B-Chemical +I O +radioimmunoassay O +procedure O +. O + +aps B-category +Benzodiazepine O +overdosage O +, O +particularly O +with O +diazepam B-Chemical +, O +increased O +relative O +to O +other O +psychotropic O +drugs O +over O +the O +years O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +example O +, O +21 O +of O +31 O +patients O +who O +ingested O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +together O +with O +barbiturates O +experienced O +severe O +central O +nervous O +system O +( O +CNS O +) O +depression O +, O +and O +14 O +of O +31 O +required O +assisted O +ventilation O +. O + +aps B-category +Ingestion O +of O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +together O +with O +other O +drugs O +appears O +to O +be O +considerably O +more O +common O +than O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +overdosage O +alone O +as O +a O +cause O +of O +intoxication O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Therapeutic O +notes O +: O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Triazolam B-Chemical +: O +an O +effective O +hypnotic O +in O +general O +practice O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasmin O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +concentration O +after O +bicycle O +exercise O +( O +200 O +W O +for O +2 O +min O +) O +, O +compared O +with O +base O +line O +concentration O +, O +was O +used O +as O +an O +index O +of O +sympathetic O +responsiveness O +in O +patients O +with O +essential O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +Administrations O +of O +atenolol B-Chemical +caused O +a O +rise O +in O +plasma O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +both O +on O +lying O +and O +after O +exercise O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +0125 O +) O +, O +and O +a O +fall O +in O +plasma O +renin O +concentration O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +authors O +, O +examined O +the O +effect O +of O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blockers O +Propranolol B-Chemical +, O +Pindolol O +, O +Practonol O +and O +P11 O +on O +complement O +in O +the O +serum O +of O +guinea O +pigs O +after O +continuous O +administration O +. 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O +0 O +mkg O +/ O +ml O +; O +mageptyl O +- O +- O +2 O +. O +0 O +mkg O +/ O +ml O +, O +10 O +, O +0 O +mkg O +/ O +ml O +and O +50 O +mkg O +/ O +ml O +. O + +aps B-category +Uptake O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +by O +islet O +secretion O +granule O +membranes O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxidized O +nicotinamide B-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +dinucleotide I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +, O +which O +did O +not O +release O +insulin O +from O +the O +granules O +, O +was O +taken O +up O +to O +a O +much O +lesser O +extent O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +maximum O +amount O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +taken O +up O +was O +0 O +. O +6 O +nmol O +/ O +mg O +membrane O +protein O +and O +the O +concentration O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +needed O +to O +obtain O +maximum O +uptake O +was O +6 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +former O +Sepharose O +derivative O +adsorbed O +alpha O +- O +chymotrypsin O +, O +trypsin O +, O +subtilisin O +, O +thermolysin O +and O +neutral O +subtilopeptidase O +at O +neutral O +pH O +range O +, O +and O +acid O +proteases O +such O +as O +pepsin O +and O +Rhizopus O +niveus O +protease O +at O +pH O +3 O +. O +5 O +- O +6 O +. O +5 O +. O +alpha O +- O +Chymotrypsin O +and O +trypsin O +were O +eluted O +with O +0 O +. O +1 O +N O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +Rhizopus O +protease O +with O +0 O +. O +5 O +N O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +thermolysin O +with O +1 O +M O +guanidine O +- O +HCl O +or O +33 O +% O +ethyleneglycol O +, O +whilst O +pepsin O +was O +recovered O +by O +elution O +with O +2 O +M O +guanidine O +- O +HCl O +at O +pH O +3 O +. O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reaction O +of O +the O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +of O +bovine O +serum O +albumin O +( O +BSA O +) O +with O +diacetylcycloserine O +( O +I O +) O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +2 O +- O +9 O +. O +0 O +proceeded O +with O +both O +acylation O +by O +the O +diacetyl O +- O +beta O +- O +aminooxy O +- O +D O +- O +alanyl O +( O +DAA O +) O +group O +and O +acetylation O +. O + +aps B-category +Calculations O +using O +results O +obtained O +by O +this O +method O +combined O +with O +the O +experimentally O +determined O +number O +of O +free O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +in O +the O +modified O +BSA O +indicated O +that O +the O +reaction O +of O +excess O +I O +with O +BSA O +effected O +the O +acetylation O +of O +about O +35 O +and O +the O +acylation O +with O +DAA O +groups O +of O +about O +22 O +of O +the O +59 O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Iodinated O +radiological O +contrast B-Chemical +media I-Chemical +as O +radiosensitizers O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +N2O O +the O +degree O +of O +sensitization O +is O +intermediate O +between O +oxygen B-Chemical +and O +nitrogen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +also O +cancelled O +by O +adding O +thiosulphate B-Chemical +to O +the O +irradiated O +solutions O +immediately O +before O +the O +bacteria O +. O + +aps B-category +Brain O +monoamines B-Chemical +and O +reproductive O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +Which O +gentamicin B-Chemical +assay O +method O +is O +the O +most O +practicable O +? O + +aps B-category +Microbiological O +assay O +of O +ethambutol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Glutamate B-Chemical +synthase O +was O +purified O +about O +250 O +- O +fold O +from O +Thiobacillus O +thioparus O +and O +was O +characterized O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +activity O +was O +also O +inhibited O +by O +iron B-Chemical +chelators O +and O +thiolbinding O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Km O +values O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +synthase O +for O +NADPH B-Chemical +, O +alpha O +- O +ketoglutarate O +, O +and O +glutamine B-Chemical +were O +3 O +. O +0 O +muM O +, O +50 O +muM O +, O +and O +1 O +. O +1 O +mM O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Enzymes O +involved O +in O +glutamate B-Chemical +synthesis O +in O +T O +. O +thioparus O +were O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +levels O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +synthase O +and O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +were O +similar O +in O +T O +. O +thioparus O +grown O +on O +0 O +. O +7 O +or O +7 O +. O +0 O +mM O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +concluded O +that O +the O +glutamine B-Chemical +pathway O +is O +important O +for O +ammonia B-Chemical +assimilation O +in O +this O +autotrophic O +bacterium O +. O + +aps B-category +Partial O +purification O +of O +the O +Escherichia O +coli O +K O +- O +12 O +mec O ++ O +deoxyribonucleic O +acid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytosine I-Chemical +methylase O +: O +in O +vitro O +methylation O +completely O +protects O +bacteriophage O +lambda O +deoxyribonucleic O +acid O +against O +cleavage O +by O +R O +- O +EcoRII O +. O + +aps B-category +Preliminary O +studies O +on O +the O +two O +methylases O +indicate O +that O +they O +are O +indistinguishable O +with O +respect O +to O +their O +Km O +for O +S O +- O +adenosylmethionine O +and O +their O +pH O +( O +in O +tris O +( O +hydroxymethyl O +) O +aminomethane O +buffer O +) O +and O +NaCl B-Chemical +concentration O +optima O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +molecular O +weight O +of O +the O +enzyme O +was O +calculated O +to O +be O +116 O +, O +000 O +, O +based O +on O +measurements O +of O +the O +sedimentation O +coefficient O +by O +sucrose B-Chemical +gradient O +ultracentrifugation O +and O +the O +Stokes O +radius O +by O +gel O +filtration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +limiting O +Michealis O +constants O +for O +carbamylphosphate O +and O +ornithine B-Chemical +were O +determined O +to O +be O +0 O +. O +06 O +and O +0 O +. O +2 O +mM O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Experiments O +with O +chloramphenicol B-Chemical +or O +chlortetracycline O +indicate O +that O +de O +novo O +protein O +synthesis O +was O +required O +for O +neuraminidase O +production O +and O +that O +this O +exoenzyme O +was O +not O +released O +from O +a O +preformed O +pool O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +movements O +were O +affected O +by O +iodoacetate O +, O +p O +- O +mercuribenzoate O +, O +and O +mitomycin B-Chemical +C I-Chemical +at O +inhibitory O +or O +subinhibitory O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +Crude O +enzyme O +preparation O +, O +obtained O +by O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +precipitation O +of O +cell O +- O +free O +broth O +, O +contained O +six O +amylolytic O +isoenzymes O +that O +were O +detected O +by O +isoelectric O +focusing O +and O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +Glycerol O +was O +found O +to O +suppress O +the O +pH O +changes O +because O +of O +its O +" O +salt B-Chemical +buffer O +" O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Activity O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +was O +coupled O +to O +activity O +of O +nitrogenase O +in O +isolated O +heterocysts O +as O +shown O +by O +acetylene O +- O +inhibitable O +formation O +of O +[ O +13N O +] O +NH3 O +and O +of O +amidelabeled O +[ O +13N O +] O +glutamine B-Chemical +form O +[ O +13N O +] O +N2 O +. O + +aps B-category +Glutamate B-Chemical +synthase O +is O +, O +after O +nitrogenase O +and O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +, O +the O +third O +sequential O +enzyme O +involved O +in O +the O +assimilation O +of O +N2 O +by O +intact O +filaments O +. O + +aps B-category +Concordantly O +, O +isolated O +heterocysts O +failed O +to O +form O +substantial O +amounts O +of O +radioactive O +glutamate B-Chemical +from O +either O +[ O +13N O +] O +glutamine B-Chemical +or O +alph O +- O +[ O +14C O +] O +ketoglutarate O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +other O +substrates O +and O +cofactors O +of O +the O +glutamate B-Chemical +synthase O +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +Application O +to O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +. O + +aps B-category +V O +. O +Purification O +and O +characterization O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +c O +reductase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reductase O +preparation O +also O +catalyzed O +the O +oxidation O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +with O +molecular O +oxygen B-Chemical +in O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +catalytic O +amount O +of O +2 O +- O +methyl O +- O +1 O +, O +4 O +- O +naphthoquinone O +( O +menadione O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +concluded O +that O +yeast O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +c O +reductase O +is O +in O +many O +respects O +similar O +to O +the O +liver O +microsomal O +reductase O +which O +acts O +as O +an O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +P O +- O +450 O +reductase O +[ O +EC O +1 O +. O +6 O +. O +2 O +. O +4 O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amide O +content O +of O +neocarzinostatin O +( O +NCS O +) O +, O +an O +antitumor O +protein O +, O +has O +been O +determined O +by O +analysing O +asparagine O +and O +glutamine B-Chemical +in O +the O +Pronase O +- O +aminopeptidase O +M O +digests O +of O +tetra O +- O +S O +- O +carboxymethyl O +- O +NCS O +and O +carboxyl O +- O +modified O +NCS O +( O +modified O +with O +a O +water O +- O +soluble O +carbodiimide O +and O +[ O +14C O +] O +glycine B-Chemical +methyl O +ester O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Within O +experimental O +error O +, O +PRE O +was O +indistinguishable O +from O +NCS O +in O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +content O +after O +acid O +hydrolysis O +, O +as O +well O +as O +in O +apparent O +molecular O +weight O +as O +determined O +by O +SDS O +- O +disc O +gel O +electrophoresis O +( O +10 O +% O +acrylamide O +) O +, O +and O +N O +- O +and O +C O +- O +terminal O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +on O +the O +catalytic O +action O +of O +poly B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +some O +of O +the O +cysteine B-Chemical +residues O +in O +the O +copolymer O +are O +involved O +in O +the O +hydrolytic O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetics O +of O +conformational O +change O +of O +troponin O +- O +C O +induced O +by O +proton O +binding O +or O +removal O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +general O +characteristics O +obtained O +from O +our O +limited O +study O +( O +0 O +. O +04 O +- O +6 O +. O +0 O +mg O +/ O +ml O +) O +show O +three O +distinctive O +modes O +of O +effect O +of O +the O +protein O +concentration O +on O +the O +filament O +length O +: O +d O +logl O +/ O +d O +log O +c O +is O +positive O +( O +0 O +. O +1 O +- O +1 O +) O +at O +small O +c O +, O +negative O +( O +from O +- O +1 O +to O +- O +0 O +. O +2 O +) O +at O +intermediate O +c O +, O +and O +zero O +or O +slightly O +positive O +( O +0 O +. O +0 O +- O +0 O +. O +3 O +) O +at O +large O +c O +. O +Lowering O +of O +the O +KCl O +concentration O +( O +75 O +- O +250 O +mM O +) O +as O +well O +as O +increase O +of O +the O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +concentration O +( O +pH O +6 O +- O +8 O +) O +influenced O +the O +filament O +length O +in O +qualitatively O +the O +same O +manner O +as O +increase O +of O +the O +protein O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +transition O +temperatures O +estimated O +at O +pH O +8 O +were O +10 O +degrees O +, O +8 O +degrees O +, O +and O +about O +5 O +degrees O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +MnCl2 O +, O +CaCl2 B-Chemical +, O +and O +MgCl2 O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Temperature O +dependence O +of O +the O +decay O +of O +the O +UV O +absorption O +difference O +spectrum O +of O +heavy O +meromyosin O +induced O +by O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphate I-Chemical +and O +inosine O +triphosphate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +acceptor O +activities O +of O +subcellular O +membrane O +preparations O +for O +the O +terminal O +sugars O +, O +galactose B-Chemical +and O +sialic O +acid O +, O +were O +compared O +using O +a O +Golgi O +fraction O +purified O +from O +rat O +liver O +as O +an O +exogenous O +emzymes O +source O +for O +sugar O +transfer O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +new O +and O +simple O +colorimetric O +method O +for O +human O +serum O +lipase O +[ O +EC O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +. O +3 O +] O +assay O +has O +been O +developed O +, O +using O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +dimercaptopropan O +- O +1 O +- O +ol O +tributyroate O +as O +a O +substrate O +, O +5 O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +dithiobis O +( O +2 O +- O +nitro O +- O +benzoic O +acid O +) O +as O +a O +chromogenic O +reagent O +, O +phenylmethylsulfonyl O +fluoride B-Chemical +as O +an O +inhibitor O +of O +serum O +esterases O +, O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecylsulfate O +as O +a O +lipase O +activator O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +, O +an O +inhibitor O +of O +polynucleotide O +phosphorylase O +hydrolysis O +of O +polynucleotides O +, O +spermidine O +clearly O +stimulated O +the O +breakdown O +of O +poly O +( O +C O +) O +and O +poly O +( O +A O +) O +, O +while O +the O +breakdown O +of O +poly O +( O +U O +) O +was O +stimulated O +only O +slightly O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +spermidine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reaction O +of O +phenylglyoxal O +( O +PGO O +) O +, O +glyoxal O +( O +GO O +) O +, O +and O +methylglyoxal O +( O +MGO O +) O +with O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +were O +investigated O +at O +mild O +pH O +values O +at O +25 O +degrees O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reactions O +with O +these O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +seemed O +to O +involve O +both O +the O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +groups O +and O +the O +side O +chain O +groups O +, O +and O +no O +significant O +reaction O +appeared O +to O +occur O +with O +the O +side O +chain O +alone O +except O +with O +those O +of O +arginine O +, O +lysine O +, O +and O +cysteine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +other O +ordinary O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +were O +very O +much O +less O +reactive O +or O +did O +not O +react O +at O +all O +with O +these O +reagents O +, O +with O +the O +exception O +of O +cysteine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +glyoxal O +derivative O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +( O +GO O +- O +arginine O +) O +was O +prepared O +by O +reaction O +of O +glyoxal O +with O +arginine O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +mass O +spectrometric O +method O +was O +developed O +to O +determine O +pH O +- O +dependent O +hydrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deuterium I-Chemical +exchange O +at O +the O +C O +- O +2 O +position O +of O +the O +imidazole O +ring O +of O +histidine O +, O +after O +converting O +the O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +to O +the O +methylthiohydantoin O +derivative O +. O + +aps B-category +Glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +from O +Bacillus O +subtilis O +PCI O +219 O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +band O +was O +determined O +, O +by O +activity O +staining O +, O +to O +have O +all O +the O +GDH O +nucleotide B-Chemical +specificities O +. O + +aps B-category +Polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +in O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +showed O +that O +GDH O +has O +a O +subunit O +size O +of O +about O +57 O +, O +000 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +catalyzed O +the O +hydrolysis O +of O +inorganic O +pyrophosphate O +and O +no O +activity O +was O +found O +with O +a O +variety O +of O +other O +phosphate B-Chemical +esters O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Michaelis O +constant O +was O +1 O +. O +18 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +mg O +per O +ml O +with O +purified O +hyaluronate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Reaction O +of O +chlorocruorin O +with O +heme O +iron B-Chemical +ligands O +and O +carbonyl O +reagents O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +it O +is O +apparent O +that O +at O +least O +one O +of O +the O +coordination O +positions O +on O +the O +heme O +iron B-Chemical +in O +ferri O +- O +and O +ferrochlorocruorin O +is O +vacant O +or O +occupied O +by O +a O +weak O +- O +field O +ligand O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +addition O +was O +accelerated O +if O +the O +heme O +iron B-Chemical +coordination O +position O +had O +been O +occupied O +by O +strong O +field O +ligands O +, O +and O +was O +reversed O +to O +some O +extent O +as O +the O +chlorocruorin O +complexes O +were O +reduced O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +the O +dimer O +was O +split O +into O +two O +monomers O +by O +treatment O +with O +alkali B-Chemical +or O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +( O +SDS O +) O +, O +it O +was O +shown O +that O +the O +intensity O +of O +circular O +dichroism O +( O +CD O +) O +in O +the O +Soret O +region O +due O +to O +heme O +a O +decreased O +, O +probably O +reflecting O +release O +of O +the O +strain O +on O +the O +latent O +heme O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +monomer O +was O +further O +dissociated O +into O +constituent O +subunits O +in O +strong O +alkali B-Chemical +or O +at O +high O +concentrations O +of O +SDS O +, O +the O +CD O +spectrum O +disappeared O +almost O +completely O +, O +indicating O +loss O +of O +the O +asymmetric O +interactions O +of O +the O +chromophoric O +heme O +a O +with O +its O +immediate O +environments O +, O +consisting O +of O +the O +subunit O +assembly O +. O + +aps B-category +Reconstitution O +of O +vesicles O +capable O +of O +energy O +transformation O +from O +phospholipids O +and O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphatase O +of O +a O +thermophilic O +bacterium O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +enzymes O +were O +characterized O +with O +respect O +to O +molecular O +weight O +, O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +carbohydrate O +composition O +, O +several O +kinetic O +parameters O +, O +and O +inhibition O +by O +various O +synthetic O +and O +natural O +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +substituted O +in O +the O +beta O +position O +such O +as O +asparagine O +, O +S O +- O +methylcysteine O +, O +phenylalanine O +, O +cysteine B-Chemical +, O +serine O +, O +and O +aspartate B-Chemical +are O +substrates O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +has O +a O +high O +affinity O +for O +glyoxylate O +but O +the O +affinity O +falls O +off O +markedly O +through O +the O +series O +glyoxylate O +, O +pyruvate B-Chemical +, O +alpha O +- O +ketoburyrate O +, O +alpha O +- O +Keto O +acids O +substituted O +in O +the O +beta O +or O +gamma O +position O +, O +such O +as O +alpha O +- O +ketosuccinamate O +, O +phenylpyruvate O +, O +p O +- O +hydroxyphenylpyruvate O +, O +alpha O +- O +keto O +- O +gamma O +- O +methiolburyrate O +, O +and O +alpha O +- O +keto O +- O +gamma O +- O +hydroxybutyrate O +, O +are O +substrates O +for O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Quantitative O +determination O +of O +carbamino O +adducts O +of O +alpha O +and O +beta O +chains O +in O +human O +adult O +hemoglobin O +in O +presence O +and O +absence O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +and O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +diphosphoglycerate O +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +for O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +diphosphoglycerate O +effects O +in O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +hemoglobin O +at O +both O +Val O +- O +1alpha O +and O +Val O +- O +1beta O +sites O +is O +presented O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +shown O +also O +that O +each O +species O +has O +a O +characteristic O +composition O +, O +differing O +from O +each O +other O +regarding O +the O +relative O +amount O +and O +type O +of O +chondroitin O +sulfates O +A O +, O +B O +, O +and O +C O +, O +heparitin O +sulfate O +, O +and O +heparin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Nuclear O +magnetic O +relaxation O +methods O +were O +used O +to O +investigate O +the O +interaction O +of O +the O +inhibitor O +succinate O +with O +aspartate B-Chemical +transcarbamylase O +from O +Escherichia O +coli O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +50 O +% O +inhibitory O +concentrations O +( O +I50 O +) O +of O +trimethoprim B-Chemical +, O +Methotrexate B-Chemical +, O +and O +aminopterin O +are O +increased O +several O +thousandfold O +over O +the O +corresponding O +values O +for O +the O +chromosomal O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pure O +transferase O +has O +an O +apparent O +molecular O +weight O +of O +100 O +, O +000 O +as O +judged O +by O +zonal O +centrifugation O +and O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +a O +reducing O +agent O +. O + +aps B-category +p O +- O +Bromophenacyl O +bromide B-Chemical +modifies O +0 O +. O +5 O +mol O +of O +histidine O +/ O +mol O +of O +enzyme O +as O +judged O +by O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +analysis O +and O +incorporation O +studies O +with O +14C O +- O +labeled O +reagent O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +to O +[ O +3H O +] O +ACh O +segmental O +ganglia O +synthesized O +[ O +3H O +] O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +, O +[ O +3H O +] O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +[ O +3H O +] O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +and O +[ O +3H O +] O +octopamine O +from O +exogenous O +, O +labeled O +precursors O +. O + +aps B-category +Filterability O +of O +erythrocytes O +from O +vitamin B-Chemical +E I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deficient I-Chemical +lead B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +poisoned I-Chemical +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Vitamin B-Chemical +E I-Chemical +deficiency O +per O +se O +( O +i O +. O +e O +. O +, O +in O +non O +- O +poisoned O +rats O +) O +often O +increased O +filtration O +times O +, O +but O +in O +all O +such O +experiments O +the O +RBC O +from O +- O +E O ++ O +Pb O +groups O +had O +even O +longer O +filtration O +times O +. 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O + +aps B-category +PGA1 O +- O +5 O +, O +6 O +- O +3H O +was O +deemed O +unsuitable O +for O +metabolism O +studies O +in O +man O +, O +in O +view O +of O +the O +significant O +loss O +of O +tritium O +label O +from O +the O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +; O + +aps B-category +Under O +the O +same O +conditions O +measurement O +of O +pA2 O +values O +for O +phentolamine B-Chemical +and O +piperoxan O +against O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +gave O +the O +following O +values O +in O +rat O +vase O +deferens O +( O +8 O +- O +22 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +- O +07 O +and O +6 O +- O +72 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +- O +03 O +respectively O +) O +and O +mouse O +vas O +deferens O +( O +8 O +- O +31 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +- O +05 O +and O +6 O +- O +53 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +- O +07 O +respectively O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +) O +, O +blocked O +the O +hyperactivity O +induced O +in O +rats O +by O +tranylcypromine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +pretreatment O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +the O +antagonism O +of O +the O +tranylcypromise B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +hyperactivity O +by O +butaclamol O +and O +spiroperidol O +is O +due O +to O +their O +blockade O +of O +dopaminergic O +receptors O +rather O +than O +an O +action O +on O +neuronal O +serotoninergic O +mechanisms O +. O + +aps B-category +Lofepramine O +, O +( O +N O +- O +methyl O +- O +N O +- O +[ O +4 O +- O +chlorobenzoylmethyl O +] O +- O +3 O +- O +[ O +10 O +, O +11 O +- O +dihydro O +- O +5H O +- O +dibenz O +( O +b O +, O +f O +) O +- O +azepin O +- O +5 O +- O +yl O +] O +- O +propylamine O +hydrochloride O +) O +, O +is O +a O +new O +antidepressant B-Chemical +with O +low O +toxicity O +and O +no O +peripheral O +anticholinergic O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Lofepramine O +inhibited O +both O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +and O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +uptake O +into O +synaptosomal O +fractions O +in O +vitro O +but O +was O +4 O +times O +more O +potent O +in O +inhibiting O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +than O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +uptake O +, O +indicating O +the O +effect O +resembles O +that O +of O +desipramine B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +the O +administration O +of O +debrisoquine B-Chemical +into O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HTP I-Chemical +pretreated O +rabbits O +produced O +a O +severe O +interaction O +and O +hyperpyrexia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +debrisoquine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +pethidine I-Chemical +interaction O +could O +be O +due O +to O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +potentiation O +or O +prevention O +of O +uptake O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +synthesis O +and O +pharmacological O +screening O +for O +anti B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +apomorphine I-Chemical +, O +stomach O +emptying O +and O +local O +anaesthetic O +activities O +of O +some O +new O +piperidylbenzamides O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +Conformational O +analysis O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +by O +the O +INDO O +molecular O +orbital O +method O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +rheological O +properties O +of O +emulsions O +B O +and O +D O +differed O +from O +those O +of O +emulsion O +C O +. O +Emulsion O +A O +, O +of O +mixed O +homologue O +composition O +, O +showed O +some O +properties O +similar O +to O +each O +of O +the O +pure O +alcohol B-Chemical +emulsions O +. O + +aps B-category +Microscopical O +examination O +supported O +the O +view O +that O +the O +networks O +formed O +in O +emulsion O +A O +were O +the O +most O +extensive O +and O +that O +stearyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +networks O +in O +C O +formed O +comparatively O +slowly O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +microelectrophoretic O +properties O +of O +the O +drugs O +griseofulvin O +, O +betamethasone O +, O +nalidixic O +acid O +and O +thiabendazole B-Chemical +in O +aqueous O +dispersion O +have O +been O +examined O +and O +the O +zeta O +potentials O +calculated O +from O +the O +measured O +mobilities O +. O + +aps B-category +Microcapsules O +containing O +sodium B-Chemical +phenobartitone O +cores O +in O +ethyl O +cellulose O +have O +been O +used O +to O +prepare O +tablets O +at O +from O +3 O +- O +9 O +to O +358 O +- O +9 O +MPa O +compression O +pressures O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +prolonged O +clonidine B-Chemical +administration O +on O +catecholamine B-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +the O +rat O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Temperature O +and O +concentration O +dependent O +partitioning O +of O +three O +tetracyclines O +between O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffers O +and O +octanol O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +oxidation O +pathways O +of O +two O +hydroxylated O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +metabolites O +were O +investigated O +using O +modern O +electrochemical O +techniques O +. O + +aps B-category +Electrochemical O +analysis O +of O +the O +cephalosporin B-Chemical +cefamandole O +nafate O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Incubation O +of O +the O +cells O +in O +a O +medium O +containing O +56 O +mM O +K O ++ O +results O +in O +a O +2 O +- O +to O +6 O +- O +fold O +increase O +in O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulation O +of O +the O +cells O +by O +56 O +mM O +K O ++ O +increases O +the O +conversion O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +to O +dopa O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +brocresine O +( O +an O +inhibitor O +of O +aromatic O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +decarboxylase O +) O +, O +and O +has O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +conversion O +of O +3H O +- O +dopa O +to O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Norepinephrine B-Chemical +synthesis O +in O +catecholamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +depleted I-Chemical +cells O +incubated O +under O +control O +conditions O +in O +only O +slightly O +( O +20 O +- O +40 O +% O +) O +greater O +than O +it O +is O +in O +nondepleted O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Incubation O +of O +the O +cells O +in O +56 O +mMK O ++ O +results O +in O +an O +increase O +in O +tyrosine B-Chemical +3 O +- O +monooxygenase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +the O +agonists O +investigated O +, O +the O +potency O +rank O +order O +was O +isoproteronol O +greater O +than O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +greater O +than O +salbutamol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Basal O +and O +theophylline B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +lipolysis O +was O +reduced O +when O +higher O +concentrations O +of O +these O +drug O +were O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +previous O +finding O +from O +our O +laboratory O +, O +that O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +depletes O +cerebellar O +cyclic O +guanosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +( O +cGMP B-Chemical +) O +, O +has O +now O +been O +extended O +to O +an O +investigation O +of O +the O +effects O +of O +acute O +and O +chronic O +ethanol B-Chemical +treatment O +of O +cGMP B-Chemical +levels O +in O +six O +areas O +of O +the O +rat O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +single O +dose O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +depleted O +cGMP B-Chemical +levels O +in O +only O +five O +areas O +of O +the O +brain O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +cGMP B-Chemical +levels O +returned O +to O +control O +values O +as O +blood O +ethanol B-Chemical +was O +eliminated O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +the O +ethanol B-Chemical +withdrawal O +syndrome O +cGMP B-Chemical +levels O +had O +returned O +to O +control O +vlaues O +. 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O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +concentration O +of O +the O +internally O +present O +charged O +form O +of O +ketamine B-Chemical +was O +kept O +constant O +, O +the O +suppression O +of O +the O +peak O +transient O +conductance O +remained O +almost O +constant O +at O +internal O +pH O +values O +of O +7 O +. O +0 O +, O +7 O +. O +3 O +and O +7 O +. O +7 O +, O +but O +increased O +at O +pH O +8 O +. O +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +Uptake O +of O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +by O +separated O +renal O +tubules O +of O +the O +rabbit O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +uptake O +was O +temperature O +dependent O +and O +showed O +saturation O +kinetics O +with O +a O +K O +of O +3 O +. O +2 O +mM O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +uptake O +rate O +increased O +with O +increasing O +sodium B-Chemical +concentration O +and O +decreased O +with O +increasing O +potassium B-Chemical +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +Parathyroid O +hormone O +and O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +increased O +the O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +uptake O +rate O +when O +preincubated O +with O +the O +tubules O +for O +130 O +minutes O +before O +the O +addition O +of O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Rats O +were O +trained O +in O +a O +two O +- O +choice O +discrete O +trial O +avoidance O +paradigm O +to O +discriminate O +between O +saline O +and O +3 O +. O +0 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +suggest O +that O +phi227 O +does O +not O +code O +for O +a O +rifampin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +RNA O +polymerase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +duplex O +linear O +DNA O +had O +a O +molecular O +weight O +( O +calculated O +from O +contour O +length O +) O +of O +23 O +. O +2 O +X O +10 O +( O +6 O +) O +and O +a O +guanine O +plus O +cytosine B-Chemical +content O +( O +calculated O +from O +melting O +point O +) O +of O +42 O +. O +3 O +mol O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +infusion O +on O +myocardial O +performance O +during O +acute O +hypoxia O +. O + +aps B-category +Hypoxia O +was O +induced O +by O +ventilating O +the O +dogs O +with O +reduced O +oxygen B-Chemical +( O +10 O +% O +) O +in O +the O +inspired O +air O +. O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +infusion O +during O +hypoxia O +delayed O +the O +rate O +of O +decrease O +in O +the O +contractility O +and O +blood O +pressure O +significantly O +. O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +infusion O +however O +, O +was O +unable O +to O +correct O +acidosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +blood O +pressure O +, O +plasma O +renin O +activity O +, O +and O +hemodynamic O +components O +were O +studied O +in O +23 O +patients O +with O +essential O +hypertension O +treated O +with O +oral O +pindolol B-Chemical +or O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Calcium B-Chemical +blocker O +( O +calcium B-Chemical +antagonists O +) O +and O +angina O +pectoris O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Studies O +on O +the O +adsorption O +removal O +of O +ammonia B-Chemical +gas O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamine I-Chemical +on O +acetylsalicylic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +ASA O +) O +- O +induced O +gastric O +mucosal O +lesions O +were O +studied O +in O +mongrel O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamine I-Chemical +( O +100 O +mM O +) O +was O +given O +concomitantly O +with O +ASA O +( O +20 O +mM O +) O +into O +the O +pouch O +, O +changes O +of O +electrolyte O +fluxes O +in O +response O +to O +ASA O +alone O +were O +significantly O +suppressed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +itself O +had O +little O +effect O +on O +the O +ionic O +movement O +in O +the O +pouch O +. O + +aps B-category +Prior O +administration O +of O +antihistamines O +, O +steroids B-Chemical +, O +azathioprine B-Chemical +, O +colchicine O +, O +indomethacin B-Chemical +, O +heparin B-Chemical +, O +aprotinin O +( O +Trasylol O +) O +, O +and O +niridazole O +also O +failed O +to O +reduced O +proteinuria O +. O + +aps B-category +" O +Amphiphilic O +" O +drugs O +from O +completely O +different O +pharmacological O +groups O +, O +like O +chloroquine B-Chemical +, O +amiodarone B-Chemical +, O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +form O +complexes O +with O +cellular O +phospholipids O +which O +cannot O +be O +metabolised O +by O +lysosomal O +phospholipases O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +above O +days O +the O +rats O +were O +injected O +intraperitoneally O +with O +central O +nervous O +stimulants B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +caffeine I-Chemical +, O +phenamine O +and O +strychnine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +significant O +increase O +in O +the O +sensitivity O +to O +caffeine B-Chemical +was O +found O +on O +the O +5 O +, O +15 O +and O +45th O +experimental O +days O +and O +to O +strychnine B-Chemical +only O +on O +the O +5 O +and O +45th O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +Adynamics O +in O +response O +to O +caffeine B-Chemical +developed O +in O +experimental O +rats O +later O +than O +in O +the O +controls O +( O +on O +the O +15th O +day O +) O +and O +its O +duration O +changed O +cyclically O +. O + +aps B-category +Carbon O +tetrachloride O +had O +no O +effect O +on O +in O +vitro O +microsome O +composition O +and O +function O +unless O +supplemented O +with O +a O +reduced O +form O +of O +nicotinamide B-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +dinucleotide I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +( O +NADPH B-Chemical +) O +generating O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +number O +of O +cells O +labelled O +with O +tritiated B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +was O +much O +higher O +in O +the O +normal O +individuals O +and O +patients O +with O +tuberculoid O +leprosy O +than O +in O +the O +patients O +with O +lepromatous O +leprosy O +with O +the O +borderline O +group O +placed O +in O +between O +the O +two O +. O + +aps B-category +ATP O +and O +other O +nucleotide B-Chemical +interaction O +with O +model O +compounds O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +pH O +- O +dependency O +in O +diffusion O +of O +some O +weakly O +acidic O +drugs O +, O +warfarin B-Chemical +, O +sulfaethidole O +, O +and O +barbital O +, O +into O +organic O +phases O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +LSD O +and O +2 O +- O +bromo O +LSD O +on O +striatal O +DOPAC B-Chemical +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduced O +nicotinamide O +adenine O +dinucleotide O +( O +NADH O +) O +or O +reduced O +nicotinamide B-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +dinucleotide I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +( O +NADPH B-Chemical +) O +( O +0 O +. O +87 O +mM O +) O +served O +as O +electron O +donors O +, O +and O +effectively O +prompted O +the O +delta6 O +- O +desaturase O +activities O +with O +yields O +of O +about O +1 O +. O +1 O +to O +1 O +. O +3 O +nmol O +per O +mg O +of O +protein O +in O +10 O +min O +. O + +aps B-category +Saturation O +of O +the O +enzyme O +was O +observed O +at O +1 O +. O +8 O +mM O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphate I-Chemical +( O +ATP O +) O +and O +the O +double O +reciprocal O +plot O +of O +activity O +vs O +. O +ATP O +concentration O +was O +nonlinear O +giving O +two O +apparent O +Km O +values O +of O +0 O +. O +094 O +and O +0 O +. O +518 O +mM O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +comparable O +external O +work O +loads O +with O +a O +bicycle O +ergometer O +, O +the O +lean O +men O +required O +less O +oxygen B-Chemical +than O +the O +obese O +men O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +efficiency O +of O +exercise O +as O +assessed O +by O +the O +relation O +between O +oxygen B-Chemical +uptake O +and O +work O +did O +not O +differ O +between O +the O +two O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +concentrations O +tended O +to O +be O +higher O +in O +the O +obese O +men O +, O +but O +fell O +to O +constant O +levels O +in O +both O +groups O +during O +exercise O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +case O +report O +demonstrates O +that O +paradoxical O +reactions O +to O +the O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +class O +of O +minor O +tranquilizer O +can O +occur O +, O +and O +that O +lorazepam B-Chemical +, O +a O +new O +derivative O +, O +is O +not O +free O +from O +this O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Cimetidine B-Chemical +- O +an O +investigational O +drug O +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +duodenal O +ulcer O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +90 O +% O +2H2O O +the O +stability O +of O +the O +complex O +increases O +approximately O +four O +- O +fold O +, O +which O +points O +to O +the O +large O +contribution O +of O +the O +hydrogen B-Chemical +bonds O +to O +the O +free O +energy O +of O +the O +interaction O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +degree O +of O +purification O +of O +the O +preparations O +of O +RNA O +and O +the O +presence O +of O +EDTA O +in O +the O +solutions O +affected O +the O +form O +of O +the O +dependence O +of O +the O +mp O +on O +the O +logarithm O +of O +the O +sodium B-Chemical +ion O +concentration O +very O +strongly O +, O +especially O +in O +the O +region O +of O +low O +ionic O +strengths O +. O + +aps B-category +Individual O +enzyme O +- O +inhibitor O +complexes O +with O +characteristic O +absorption O +spectra O +have O +been O +obtained O +as O +a O +result O +of O +the O +reaction O +of O +the O +apoenzyme O +of O +aspartate B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +with O +Nalpha O +- O +( O +5 O +' O +- O +phosphopyridoxyl O +) O +- B-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +Nalpha O +- O +( O +5 O +' O +- O +phosphopyridoxyl O +) O +- B-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +and O +Nalpha O +- O +( O +5 O +' O +- O +phosphopyridoxyl O +) O +- O +L O +- O +pyroglutamic O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +has O +been O +shown O +that O +the O +complexes O +formed O +by O +the O +last O +two O +inhibitors O +are O +reactivated O +by O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +and O +that O +the O +inhibitor O +can O +be O +released O +under O +mild O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dephosphorylation O +of O +the O +inhibitor O +has O +been O +associated O +both O +with O +the O +hydrolysis O +of O +a O +phosphate B-Chemical +bond O +involving O +the O +enzyme O +and O +with O +the O +phosphorylation O +of O +aspartate B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +obtained O +have O +been O +interpreted O +on O +the O +basis O +of O +an O +assumption O +that O +the O +phosphate B-Chemical +group O +of O +the O +coenzyme O +has O +an O +active O +role O +in O +the O +enzymatic O +transamination O +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +has O +suggested O +that O +its O +introduction O +weakens O +the O +helix O +- O +stabilizing O +interactions O +between O +the O +uncharged O +Glu O +residues O +( O +apparently O +hydrogen B-Chemical +bonds O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +genetic O +effects O +of O +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +D O +( O +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +dichlorophenoxyacetic O +acid O +, O +Na O +salt B-Chemical +) O +have O +been O +investigated O +in O +cells O +of O +the O +yeast O +Saccharomyces O +cerevisiae O +and O +of O +the O +bacterium O +Salmonella O +typhimurium O +in O +experiments O +in O +vitro O +and O +in O +vivo O +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +azide O +( O +1 O +to O +50 O +mM O +) O +, O +adjusted O +to O +pH O +3 O +and O +applied O +for O +2 O +h O +to O +presoaked O +barley O +seeds O +, O +induced O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +frequency O +of O +single O +- O +strand O +breaks O +in O +DNA O +of O +non O +- O +germinating O +embryos O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +sedimentation O +rate O +( O +in O +alkaline O +sucrose B-Chemical +gradients O +) O +of O +calf O +thymus O +DNA O +treated O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +azide O +at O +pH O +3 O +, O +was O +similar O +to O +that O +of O +the O +control O +DNA O +treated O +with O +buffer O +( O +pH O +3 O +) O +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +homogenate O +of O +the O +islands O +of O +Langerhans O +of O +rat O +and O +man O +catalized O +the O +hyppuril B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +splitting O +at O +pH O +5 O +. O +4 O +- O +5 O +. O +8 O +and O +6 O +. O +8 O +- O +7 O +. O +2 O +which O +was O +completely O +blocked O +with O +N O +- O +ethyl O +maleimide O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +increase O +of O +the O +corticosteroid B-Chemical +level O +in O +the O +organism O +after O +the O +administration O +of O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +to O +the O +intact O +and O +adrenalectomized O +animals O +led O +to O +increase O +of O +the O +enzyme O +activity O +in O +the O +tissues O +under O +study O +; O +the O +effect O +of O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +action O +depended O +on O +the O +initial O +hormonal O +background O +in O +the O +organism O +and O +the O +duration O +of O +the O +hormone O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +monomeric O +form O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +in O +human O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +deficiency O +. O + +aps B-category +Phage O +assembly O +in O +vitro O +requires O +magnesium B-Chemical +and O +as O +yet O +an O +unidentified O +heat O +- O +stable O +cofactor O +of O +low O +molecular O +weight O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +adenylate O +cyclase O +- O +coupled O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +receptors O +of O +frog O +erythrocyte O +membranes O +have O +been O +identified O +by O +direct O +radioligand O +binding O +techniques O +using O +the O +potent O +catecholamine B-Chemical +agonist O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +[ O +3H O +] O +hydroxybenzylisproterenol O +( O +2 O +- O +[ O +3 O +, O +4 O +- O +dihydroxyphenyl O +] O +- O +2 O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +1 O +' O +, O +1 O +' O +- O +dimethyl O +- O +2 O +' O +- O +[ O +4 O +- O +hydroxyphenyl O +] O +- O +diethylamine O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +previous O +problems O +in O +accomplishing O +successful O +catecholamine B-Chemical +binding O +to O +the O +beta O +- O +receptors O +have O +been O +overcome O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +nucleotide B-Chemical +, O +however O +, O +dissociation O +is O +rapid O +and O +complete O +. O + +aps B-category +Twenty O +- O +four O +hours O +after O +rats O +receive O +choline B-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +( O +20 O +mmol O +/ O +kg O +, O +by O +stomach O +tube O +) O +the O +activity O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +[ O +tyrosine B-Chemical +3 O +- O +monooxygenase O +; O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +, O +tetrahydropteridine O +: O +oxygen B-Chemical +oxidoreductase O +( O +3 O +- O +hydroxylating O +) O +, O +EC O +1 O +. O +14 O +. O +16 O +. O +2 O +] O +increases O +by O +31 O +% O +within O +adrenomedullary O +chromaffin O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +daily O +administration O +of O +10 O +or O +20 O +mmol O +/ O +kg O +of O +choline B-Chemical +for O +4 O +days O +elevates O +adrenal O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +by O +29 O +% O +or O +51 O +% O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +observations O +demonstrate O +that O +the O +increase O +in O +presynaptic O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +levels O +produced O +by O +giving O +animals O +the O +neurotransmitter O +' O +s O +precursor O +( O +choline B-Chemical +) O +can O +be O +associated O +with O +parallel O +changes O +in O +the O +transmission O +of O +signals O +across O +cholinergic O +synapses O +, O +probably O +because O +more O +of O +the O +transmitter O +is O +released O +per O +nerve O +impulse O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +the O +direct O +binding O +of O +a O +radiolabeled O +antagonist O +, O +( O +- O +) O +[ O +3H O +] O +alprenolol O +, O +to O +crude O +membrane O +preparations O +, O +and O +a O +physiological O +response O +( O +cellular O +cyclic O +AMP O +levels O +) O +, O +I O +demonstrated O +a O +catecholamine B-Chemical +( O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +) O +hormone O +receptor O +site O +coupled O +to O +a O +catecholamine B-Chemical +responsive O +adenylate O +cyclase O +[ O +ATP O +pyrophosphate O +- O +lyase O +( O +cyclizing O +) O +, O +EC O +4 O +. O +6 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +] O +on O +3T3 O +and O +simian O +virus O +40 O +( O +SV40 O +) O +- O +transformed O +3T3 O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Norepinephrine B-Chemical +was O +also O +a O +potent O +agonist O +on O +3T3 O +cells O +( O +8 O +- O +fold O +stimulation O +) O +, O +but O +SV3T3 O +cells O +showed O +a O +lesser O +( O +2 O +- O +fold O +) O +response O +to O +this O +hormone O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +difference O +was O +not O +due O +to O +differences O +in O +plasma O +testosterone B-Chemical +levels O +between O +the O +strains O +, O +and O +the O +enzymes O +from O +the O +two O +strains O +had O +similar O +pH O +optima O +, O +substrate O +specificities O +, O +heat O +stabilities O +, O +and O +apparent O +Michaelis O +constants O +. O + +aps B-category +Generation O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +by O +turnover O +seems O +to O +be O +important O +for O +sporulation O +because O +the O +number O +of O +spores O +produced O +by O +the O +mutant O +is O +increased O +4 O +- O +to O +10 O +- O +fold O +by O +addition O +of O +casamino O +acids O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +chromophores O +of O +the O +soluble O +enzyme O +( O +flavin O +and O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sulfur I-Chemical +centers O +) O +are O +reduced O +by O +NADH O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +to O +the O +same O +extent O +. O + +aps B-category +31P O +nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +studies O +of O +glycogen O +phosphorylase O +from O +rabbit O +skeletal O +muscle O +: O +ionization O +states O +of O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +With O +succinate O +as O +a O +carbon B-Chemical +source O +and O +in O +a O +N2 O +environment O +, O +pHin O +- O +pHex O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +an O +ATPase O +( O +adenosinetriphosphatase O +; O +ATP O +phosphohydrolase O +; O +EC O +3 O +. O +6 O +. O +1 O +. O +3 O +) O +inhibitor O +dicyclohexylcarbodiimide O +, O +pHin O +remained O +equal O +to O +pHex O +even O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cytosolic O +binder O +cochromatographed O +with O +N5 O +- O +methyltetrahydrofolate O +: O +homocysteine O +methyltransferase O +activity O +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyltetrahydropteroyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +: O +L O +- O +homocysteine O +S O +- O +methyltransferase O +, O +EC O +2 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +. O +13 O +) O +; O +the O +mitochondrial O +one O +with O +methylmalonyl O +CoA O +mutase O +activity O +( O +methylmalonyl O +- O +CoA O +CoA O +- O +carbonylmutase O +, O +EC O +5 O +. O +4 O +. O +99 O +. O +2 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Inactivation O +, O +which O +is O +prevented O +by O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +substrates O +( O +but O +not O +by O +acceptor O +substrates O +) O +, O +is O +accelerated O +by O +maleate B-Chemical +, O +which O +was O +previously O +shown O +to O +enhance O +utilization O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +by O +transpeptidase O +. O + +aps B-category +Recognition O +of O +two O +intracellular O +cobalamin O +binding O +proteins O +and O +their O +identification O +as O +methylmalonyl O +- O +CoA O +mutase O +and O +methionine B-Chemical +synthetase O +. O + +aps B-category +Gradient O +elution O +from O +DEAE O +- O +Sephadex O +reveals O +that O +90 O +- O +- O +95 O +% O +of O +the O +ICB O +- O +- O +Cbl O +elutes O +with O +methylmalonyl O +- O +CoA O +mutase O +and O +5 O +- O +- O +10 O +% O +elutes O +with O +methionine B-Chemical +synthetase O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +studies O +indicate O +that O +mammalian O +cells O +contain O +two O +ICBs O +, O +that O +these O +proteins O +are O +methylmalonyl O +- O +CoA O +mutase O +and O +methionine B-Chemical +synthetase O +, O +and O +that O +the O +primary O +abnormality O +in O +the O +group O +of O +patients O +mentioned O +above O +lies O +at O +a O +step O +that O +is O +common O +to O +the O +formation O +of O +both O +Cbl O +coenzymes O +and O +that O +precedes O +the O +stable O +binding O +of O +Cbl O +to O +both O +methylmalonyl O +- O +CoA O +mutase O +and O +methionine B-Chemical +synthetase O +. O + +aps B-category +Bovine O +adrenal O +cortical O +tissue O +contains O +a O +lipoidal O +derivative O +of O +pregnenolone O +( O +3beta O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +pregn O +- O +5 O +- O +en O +- O +20 O +- O +one O +) O +from O +which O +the O +free O +steroid B-Chemical +can O +be O +liberated O +by O +treatment O +with O +alkali B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +steroid B-Chemical +was O +identified O +by O +both O +gas O +chromatography O +/ O +mass O +spectrometry O +and O +double O +isotope O +procedures O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +the O +only O +known O +metabolic O +function O +of O +pregnenolone O +is O +to O +serve O +as O +a O +precursor O +of O +the O +steroid B-Chemical +hormones O +, O +these O +findings O +have O +far O +- O +reaching O +implications O +for O +steroid B-Chemical +hormone O +biochemistry O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +explanation O +for O +the O +increased O +cGMP B-Chemical +immunofluorescence O +was O +sought O +in O +experiments O +in O +which O +guanylate O +cyclase O +[ O +GTP O +pyrophosphate O +- O +lyase O +( O +cyclizing O +) O +, O +EC O +4 O +. O +6 O +. O +1 O +. O +2 O +] O +activity O +of O +hepatic O +subcellular O +fractions O +was O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +glucagon O +altered O +both O +cAMP B-Chemical +location O +and O +levels O +prior O +to O +the O +observed O +changes O +in O +nuclear O +cGMP B-Chemical +metabolism O +, O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +cAMP B-Chemical +acted O +as O +the O +second O +messenger O +was O +tested O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +nuclei O +isolated O +from O +glucagon O +- O +treated O +rats O +, O +no O +significant O +increase O +in O +enzyme O +activity O +was O +observed O +; O +this O +indicates O +that O +maximal O +stimulation O +of O +nuclear O +guanylate O +cyclase O +by O +cAMP B-Chemical +occurred O +at O +levels O +that O +are O +obtained O +in O +vivo O +after O +glucagon O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +batrachotoxin O +on O +the O +electroplax O +of O +electric O +eel O +: O +evidence O +for O +voltage O +- O +dependent O +interaction O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +channels O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +- O +or O +- O +none O +depolarizations O +arising O +from O +either O +electrical O +stimulation O +or O +depolarizing O +agents O +are O +unaffected O +by O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tubocurarine I-Chemical +but O +are O +completely O +reversed O +by O +tetrodotoxin O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +striking O +hysteresis O +cycle O +thus O +can O +be O +generated O +, O +which O +is O +strongly O +indicative O +of O +a O +voltage O +- O +dependent O +interaction O +of O +the O +toxin O +with O +the O +action O +potential O +sodium B-Chemical +channels O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +insulin O +upon O +the O +metabolism O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +by O +the O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +H1 O +- O +and O +H2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +histamine I-Chemical +receptor O +antagonists O +and O +protection O +against O +traumatic O +shock O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +peripheral O +administration O +of O +the O +psychotomimetic O +drug O +phencyclidine B-Chemical +( O +1 O +- O +( O +phenylcyclohexyl O +) O +piperidine O +hydrochloride O +) O +( O +PCP O +) O +induces O +a O +dose O +- O +related O +ipsilateral O +rotation O +in O +unilateral O +substantia O +nigra O +electrolytically O +- O +lesioned O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Pimozide B-Chemical +( O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +also O +inhibitied O +the O +rotation O +, O +but O +to O +a O +lesser O +extent O +. O + +aps B-category +Differential O +motor O +effects O +of O +intraventricular O +infusion O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +etonitazene O +. O + +aps B-category +Intraventricular O +morphine B-Chemical +infusions O +resulted O +in O +explosive O +motor O +behavior O +whereas O +etonitazene O +produced O +extreme O +muscular O +rigidity O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +considerations O +of O +the O +dose O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +the O +mobility O +of O +this O +drug O +in O +tissue O +suggests O +that O +sites O +other O +than O +the O +PAG O +may O +also O +be O +involved O +in O +explosive O +motor O +behavior O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +experiments O +performed O +on O +rats O +, O +single O +subcutaneous O +doses O +of O +predominantly O +antidopaminergic O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +( O +fluspirilene O +, O +pimozide O +, O +and O +thioproperazine O +in O +large O +doses O +) O +elicited O +persistent O +diestrus O +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +pseudopregnancy O +implies O +a O +rise O +of O +prolactin O +secretion O +, O +our O +results O +indirectly O +indicate O +that O +PIF O +secretion O +is O +stimulated O +by O +dopamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Imipramine B-Chemical +did O +not O +produce O +any O +significant O +effect O +in O +this O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +each O +block O +, O +the O +patient O +received O +diazepam B-Chemical +1 O +week O +and O +placebo O +the O +other O +, O +with O +the O +order O +in O +each O +block O +determined O +at O +random O +. O + +aps B-category +Diazepam B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +placebo I-Chemical +differences O +on O +each O +criterion O +were O +analyzed O +between O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +criteria O +that O +showed O +a O +reliable O +diazepam B-Chemical +effect O +included O +SCL O +Depression O +( O +decrease O +) O +, O +POMS O +Vigor O +( O +increase O +) O +, O +POMS O +Fatigue O +( O +decrease O +) O +, O +SCL O +Anger O +( O +increase O +) O +, O +and O +reaction O +time O +( O +increase O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +a O +pH O +of O +7 O +. O +2 O +and O +normal O +oxygen B-Chemical +tension O +, O +there O +was O +a O +moderate O +decrease O +in O +colony O +formation O +with O +increasing O +duration O +of O +hyperthermic O +treatment O +( O +To O += O +65 O +min O +. O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +against O +the O +release O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +like I-Chemical +material O +from O +isolated O +intestinal O +tissue O +by O +pure O +cholera O +toxin O +. O + +aps B-category +Multiple O +molecular O +forms O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +15 O +- O +hydroxydehydrogenase O +and O +9 O +- O +ketoreductase O +in O +chicken O +kidney O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +preferred O +cofactors O +are O +NADP O ++ O +or O +NADPH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Flavin O +mononucleotide O +and O +the O +flavonoid B-Chemical +, O +quercetin O +, O +as O +well O +as O +indomethacin B-Chemical +, O +ethacrynic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +and O +furosemide B-Chemical +, O +inhibit O +all O +three O +9 O +- O +ketoreductases O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +on O +membrane O +receptor O +sites O +for O +serotonin B-Chemical +in O +the O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Ths O +busynaptosomal O +localization O +of O +the O +binding O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +in O +bovine O +midbrain O +preparations O +was O +compared O +to O +that O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +and O +found O +to O +be O +considerably O +higher O +. O + +aps B-category +Membrane O +particles O +labeled O +with O +[ O +14C O +] O +tryptamine O +or O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +in O +presence O +or O +absence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +borohydride O +( O +NaBH4 O +) O +were O +extracted O +with O +chloroform B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methanol I-Chemical +( O +C O +- O +M O +) O +2 O +: O +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +eluted O +, O +lyophilized O +material O +of O +this O +fraction O +was O +extracted O +by O +chloroform B-Chemical +methanol O +( O +2 O +: O +1 O +) O +thus O +suggesting O +its O +proteo O +- O +lipid O +nature O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +the O +4th O +, O +5th O +, O +and O +6th O +30 O +min O +periods O +the O +acid O +instillate O +contained O +5 O +mg O +/ O +ml O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Glucagon O +, O +50 O +mug O +/ O +kg O +subcutaneously O +was O +given O +during O +irrigation O +with O +aspirin B-Chemical +and O +again O +1 O +hour O +later O +. O + +aps B-category +Glucagon O +significantly O +decreased O +mucosal O +blood O +flow O +and O +the O +hemorrhage O +and O +loss O +of O +plasma O +protein O +into O +the O +instillate O +induced O +by O +aspirin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Blood O +preservatives O +containing O +adenine O +for O +six O +week O +storage O +have O +been O +prepared O +with O +inosine O +and O +methylene O +blue O +at O +various O +pH O +levels O +in O +order O +to O +maintain O +, O +23 O +- O +DPG O +levels O +for O +immediate O +oxygen B-Chemical +transport O +upon O +transfusion O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reduction O +of O +the O +gastric O +acid O +response O +to O +insulin O +hypoglycaemia O +by O +intragastric O +acidification O +corresponded O +to O +a O +reduced O +volume O +secretion O +and O +could O +not O +be O +ascribed O +to O +increased O +back O +diffusion O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ions O +or O +duodenal O +inhibition O +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulatory O +effect O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +non O +- O +intrinsic O +factor O +vitamin B-Chemical +B12 I-Chemical +binder O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +indicate O +that O +PE O +corrects O +the O +malabsorption O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +B12 I-Chemical +in O +CPI O +by O +an O +effect O +on O +non O +- O +IF O +B12 O +- O +binders O +. O + +aps B-category +Adrenalectomy O +did O +not O +lead B-Chemical +to O +diminished O +percentages O +of O +theta O +- O +positive O +cells O +in O +the O +bone O +marrow O +of O +neonatally O +thymectomized O +mice O +, O +and O +the O +serum O +levels O +of O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +and O +corticosterone B-Chemical +were O +within O +normal O +ranges O +in O +thymus O +- O +deprived O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +commonly O +used O +buffering O +agent O +tris O +( O +hydroxymethyl O +) O +methylamine O +( O +tris O +) O +antagonizes O +the O +action O +of O +iontophoretically O +applied O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +on O +neurons O +of O +Aplysia O +californica O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +a O +sodium B-Chemical +citrate I-Chemical +preparation O +in O +two O +dosage O +regimens O +( O +4 O +g O +4 O +times O +daily O +and O +8 O +g O +4 O +times O +daily O +) O +and O +of O +an O +aluminium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +magnesium I-Chemical +hydroxide O +suspension O +( O +15 O +ml O +4 O +times O +daily O +) O +on O +the O +urinary O +pH O +of O +19 O +healthy O +subjects O +were O +compared O +. O + +aps B-category +Urinary O +pH O +values O +as O +high O +as O +8 O +were O +reached O +with O +the O +sodium B-Chemical +citrate I-Chemical +preparation O +. O + +aps B-category +Interpretation O +of O +alveolar O +- O +arterial O +oxygen B-Chemical +tension O +difference O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +113 O +studies O +, O +changes O +in O +alveolar O +- O +arterial O +oxygen B-Chemical +difference O +in O +29 O +patients O +were O +in O +the O +opposite O +direction O +to O +changes O +in O +shunt O +fraction O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +126 O +studies O +, O +the O +shunt O +fraction O +determined O +from O +arterial O +and O +mixed O +venous O +oxygen B-Chemical +contents O +in O +71 O +patients O +was O +greater O +when O +determined O +on O +100 O +% O +oxygen B-Chemical +than O +when O +determined O +on O +room O +air O +, O +a O +possible O +indication O +of O +the O +induction O +of O +alveolar O +or O +small O +airway O +collapse O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +furosemide B-Chemical +on O +the O +flow O +and O +composition O +of O +bile O +in O +the O +dog O +. O + +aps B-category +Ten O +milligrams O +per O +kilogram O +of O +body O +weight O +of O +furosemide B-Chemical +were O +injected O +intravenously O +to O +anesthetized O +dogs O +with O +a O +previously O +constructed O +fistula O +of O +the O +common O +bile O +duct O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +choleretic O +effect O +was O +associated O +with O +a O +high O +increase O +in O +sodium B-Chemical +, O +chloride B-Chemical +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +anions O +and O +with O +a O +smaller O +increase O +in O +potassium B-Chemical +, O +phosphorus B-Chemical +and O +calcium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +indicate O +that O +inhibition O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +reabsorption O +by O +furosemide B-Chemical +simultaneously O +affects O +the O +liver O +and O +kidney O +and O +that O +the O +increase O +in O +electrolyte O +solution O +is O +most O +likely O +caused O +by O +the O +inhibition O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +reabsorption O +in O +the O +ductuli O +. O + +aps B-category +Enzyme O +release O +and O +lactate B-Chemical +formation O +were O +related O +to O +the O +prolongation O +of O +warm O +ischemia O +, O +and O +the O +highly O +significant O +concentration O +differences O +of O +these O +substances O +, O +between O +well O +functioning O +kidneys O +and O +those O +with O +small O +or O +no O +function O +, O +indicated O +the O +viability O +of O +the O +organ O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +found O +that O +liquid O +- O +stored O +erythrocytes O +show O +an O +augmented O +tendency O +to O +agglomerate O +in O +0 O +. O +24M O +sucrose B-Chemical +, O +pH O +7 O +. O +2 O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +the O +cells O +age O +, O +higher O +salt B-Chemical +concentration O +is O +required O +to O +prevent O +agglomeration O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +depletion O +of O +the O +ATP O +of O +fresh O +cells O +with O +fluoride B-Chemical +does O +not O +induce O +agglomeration O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Glucose B-Chemical +transport O +across O +the O +mucosa O +of O +the O +small O +intestine O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +absorption O +rate O +of O +5 O +per O +cent O +glucose B-Chemical +solution O +did O +not O +materially O +change O +for O +one O +hour O +after O +a O +sugar O +load O +. O + +aps B-category +Hexobarbital O +anesthesia O +depresses O +absorption O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +in O +the O +intestine O +by O +a O +factor O +of O +2 O +- O +3 O +. O +5 O +. 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O +37 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +B O +. O +W O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Use O +of O +the O +diazepam B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +pentazocine I-Chemical +( O +pentazepam O +) O +combination O +in O +anesthesiology O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Diazepam B-Chemical +being O +used O +to O +combat O +anxiety O +and O +pentazocine B-Chemical +to O +allay O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +is O +a O +75 O +p O +. O +100 O +fall O +in O +cerebral O +blood O +flow O +in O +the O +gray O +substance O +and O +a O +parallel O +fall O +in O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +work O +, O +the O +authors O +are O +studying O +the O +cardio O +- O +vascular O +effects O +of O +nicergoline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +work O +confirme O +thus O +the O +alphasympatholytic O +effects O +of O +nicergoline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +significant O +variation O +of O +cerebral O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +in O +both O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +Those O +dynamic O +tests O +, O +either O +hypercapnic O +or O +hypertensive O +, O +allow O +, O +in O +comparing O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +variations O +with O +cerebral O +bloodflow O +variations O +, O +the O +distinction O +between O +: O +patients O +where O +metabolic O +autoregulation O +seems O +maintained O +( O +good O +prognosis O +) O +- O +( O +10 O +cases O +) O +, O +patients O +where O +metabolic O +regulation O +is O +lost O +with O +either O +" O +luxury O +perfusion O +" O +( O +14 O +cases O +) O +- O +poor O +prognosis O +, O +or O +" O +insufficient O +perfusion O +" O +( O +10 O +cases O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Strains O +MN81 O +and O +MN67 O +were O +inactivated O +by O +heat O +, O +acid O +pH O +, O +ether B-Chemical +, O +and O +chloroform B-Chemical +treatments O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +body O +position O +and O +type O +of O +ventilation O +were O +determined O +on O +arterial O +blood O +gases O +( O +PaO2 O +, O +PaCO2 O +) O +and O +pH O +during O +and O +immediately O +following O +clinical O +halothane B-Chemical +anesthesia O +in O +36 O +young O +, O +physically O +conditioned O +horses O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +creatinine B-Chemical +clearance O +and O +the O +adrenocorticotropic O +hormone O +stimulation O +test O +were O +normal O +, O +and O +there O +was O +no O +evidence O +of O +dehydration O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Macrokinetic O +equations O +of O +pH O +effect O +on O +the O +growth O +of O +Actinomyces O +aureofaciens O +and O +biosynthesis O +of O +tetracycline B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +found O +that O +the O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ions O +showed O +their O +effect O +irrespective O +of O +the O +subsrate O +concentration O +in O +the O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +pH O +- O +dependence O +of O +kinetic O +parameters O +of O +enzymatic O +hydrolysis O +of O +benzylpenicillin B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Penicillin B-Chemical +amidase O +from O +E O +. O +coli O +. O + +aps B-category +Beaf O +- O +peptone O +broth O +and O +some O +of O +its O +modifications O +, O +one O +of O +which O +is O +a O +simple O +and O +in O +expensive O +one O +to O +a O +leser O +extent O +binding O +to O +antibiotics O +, O +such O +as O +penicillin B-Chemical +, O +oxytetracycline O +and O +streptomycin B-Chemical +and O +providing O +sufficient O +growth O +of O +the O +test O +microbes O +were O +used O +to O +determine O +the O +antibiotic O +activity O +with O +the O +methods O +of O +serial O +dilutions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +study O +of O +gentamicin B-Chemical +aerosol O +showed O +its O +relative O +innocuousness O +: O +it O +did O +not O +inhibit O +the O +growth O +and O +development O +of O +young O +animals O +, O +did O +not O +induce O +pathological O +changes O +in O +the O +upper O +respiratory O +tract O +, O +kidneys O +, O +liver O +, O +heart O +and O +spleen O +on O +its O +prolonged O +use O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +gentamicin B-Chemical +aerosols O +prepared O +from O +solutions O +of O +different O +concentrations O +( O +1 O +to O +50 O +mg O +/ O +ml O +) O +induced O +ingibition O +of O +the O +ciliated O +epithelium O +function O +at O +average O +from O +15 O +to O +35 O +per O +cent O +which O +was O +associated O +with O +the O +solution O +acidity O +( O +pH O +4 O +. O +54 O +to O +4 O +. O +82 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Asparaginase O +activity O +was O +increased O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamine I-Chemical +, O +or O +commercial O +- O +grade O +monosodium B-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +critical O +oxygen B-Chemical +transfer O +rate O +essential O +for O +asparaginase O +formation O +was O +identified O +, O +and O +a O +fermentation O +procedure O +is O +described O +in O +which O +enzyme O +synthesis O +is O +controlled O +by O +aeration O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +medium O +containing O +magnesium B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +, O +ammonium B-Chemical +hydroxide O +, O +sodium B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +tap O +water O +, O +and O +methanol O +supported O +the O +growth O +of O +the O +isolate O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +the O +inhibitory O +effect O +of O +formaldehyde O +on O +the O +specific O +growth O +rate O +was O +much O +greater O +than O +that O +of O +formate O +, O +the O +organism O +utilized O +formaldehyde O +, O +but O +not O +formate O +, O +as O +a O +sole O +carbon B-Chemical +and O +energy O +source O +in O +batch O +cultures O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +content O +of O +the O +cells O +compared O +favorably O +with O +the O +reference O +levels O +for O +the O +essential O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +specific O +by O +the O +Food O +and O +Agricultural O +Organization O +of O +the O +United O +Nations O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amount O +of O +methane O +produced O +was O +proportional O +to O +the O +concentration O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +added O +. O + +aps B-category +H2 O +was O +not O +deith O +the O +phenomenon O +of O +interspecies O +hydrogen B-Chemical +transfer O +. O + +aps B-category +Interrelations O +between O +pH O +and O +temperature O +for O +the O +catalytic O +rate O +of O +the O +M4 O +lsozyme O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +( O +EC O +1 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +. O +27 O +) O +from O +goldfish O +( O +Carassius O +auratus O +L O +. O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Isolation O +and O +partial O +charaterization O +of O +an O +NADP O +- O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding O +protein O +from O +human O +erythrocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +pindolol B-Chemical +, O +10 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +alprenolol O +, O +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +and O +practolol O +, O +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +given O +by O +mouth O +, O +on O +blood O +pressure O +and O +heart O +rate O +were O +investigated O +over O +a O +24 O +- O +hr O +period O +in O +5 O +conscious O +renal O +hypertensive O +dogs O +, O +using O +a O +cross O +- O +over O +design O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pindolol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +tachycardia O +and O +hypotension O +were O +not O +suppressed O +significantly O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +( O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +The O +hypotension O +and O +tachycardia O +observed O +after O +oral O +administration O +of O +D O +- O +32 O +( O +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +or O +after O +intravenous O +infusion O +of O +p O +- O +OH O +D O +- O +32 O +( O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +per O +min O +for O +5 O +min O +) O +were O +also O +not O +modified O +significantly O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +( O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Noradrenaline O +, O +20 O +microng O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +v O +. O +, O +increased O +cardiac O +but O +not O +vascular O +cyclic O +AMP O +levels O +; O +this O +selective O +effect O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +was O +not O +altered O +by O +pretreatment O +with O +phenoxybenzamine O +, O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +v O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +partition O +hypothesis O +was O +applied O +to O +the O +absorption O +of O +ionizable O +local O +anesthetic O +amines B-Chemical +through O +the O +subcutaneous O +( O +s O +. O +c O +. O +) O +route O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +extent O +of O +unionization O +is O +governed O +by O +the O +pka O +of O +each O +of O +these O +drugs O +; O +at O +the O +high O +feasible O +pH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +procaine I-Chemical +which O +is O +least O +unionized O +- O +- O +its O +s O +. O +c O +. O +absorption O +rate O +is O +nearly O +a O +third O +of O +that O +of O +lidocaine B-Chemical +or O +tetracaine O +. O + +aps B-category +Charbon O +dioxide O +, O +oxygen B-Chemical +and O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +presence O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +( O +air O +) O +the O +phototactic O +reaction O +values O +are O +somewhat O +lower O +than O +in O +its O +absence O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +some O +cases O +, O +this O +enzyme O +permitted O +algae O +to O +overcome O +the O +inhibitory O +effects O +of O +penicillin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzymes O +from O +strains O +7003 O +and O +7120 O +had O +greater O +activity O +on O +benzyl O +penicillin B-Chemical +and O +other O +penicillins B-Chemical +than O +on O +cephalosporins B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Metabolic O +regulation O +of O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +from O +Paracoccus O +denitrifcans O +grown O +on O +glucose B-Chemical +/ O +nitrate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +activities O +have O +a O +pH O +optimum O +of O +pH O +9 O +. O +6 O +( O +Glycine O +/ O +NaOH B-Chemical +buffer O +) O +and O +neither O +demonstrates O +a O +Mg2 O ++ O +requirement O +. O + +aps B-category +Phosphoenolpyruvate O +inhibits O +both O +activities O +in O +a O +competitive O +manner O +with O +respect O +to O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +of O +the O +two O +activities O +are O +inhibited O +by O +100 O +muM O +NADH O +but O +both O +are O +inhibited O +by O +NADPH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +type O +of O +union O +between O +cast O +gold B-Chemical +and O +an O +electroformed O +gold B-Chemical +matrix O +in O +an O +inlay O +technique O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +biotin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +enzymes O +in O +the O +fatty O +liver O +and O +kidney O +syndrome O +of O +young O +chicks O +was O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activity O +of O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +carboxylase O +is O +increased O +, O +but O +when O +the O +dietary O +deficiency O +of O +biotin B-Chemical +produces O +biotin B-Chemical +levels O +which O +are O +below O +0 O +- O +8 O +mug O +/ O +g O +of O +liver O +, O +the O +activity O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +carboxylase O +may O +be O +insufficient O +to O +completely O +metabolize O +pyruvate B-Chemical +via O +gluconeogenesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Blood O +lactate B-Chemical +accumulates O +and O +there O +is O +increased O +synthesis O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +and O +an O +accumulation O +of O +palmitoleic O +acid O +; O +these O +steps O +are O +accomplished O +by O +increased O +activities O +of O +at O +least O +the O +following O +enzymes O +: O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +carboxylase O +, O +malate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +( O +decarboxylating O +) O +( O +NADP O ++ O +) O +and O +the O +desaturase O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +intramuscular O +injections O +on O +plasma O +creatine B-Chemical +kinase O +( O +CK O +) O +, O +aspartate B-Chemical +amino B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +transferase I-Chemical +, O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +, O +and O +hydroxybutyrate O +dehydrogenase O +concentrations O +were O +examined O +in O +19 O +patients O +given O +intramuscular O +premedication O +for O +gastroscopy O +, O +and O +18 O +patients O +given O +other O +intramuscular O +injections O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +changes O +in O +the O +pH O +of O +Tyrode O +' O +s O +solution O +on O +the O +responses O +of O +isolated O +guinea O +pig O +ileum O +preparation O +to O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +and O +histamine B-Chemical +were O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +lower O +pH O +levels O +( O +increased O +acidity O +) O +, O +the O +response O +of O +the O +tissue O +to O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +was O +increased O +but O +that O +to O +histamine B-Chemical +was O +reduced O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mechanism O +of O +the O +enzymic O +reaction O +of O +an O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +containing I-Chemical +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +purified O +from O +the O +marine O +bacterium O +Photobacterium O +leiognathi O +was O +studied O +by O +using O +pulse O +radiolysis O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +both O +cases O +, O +identical O +values O +of O +the O +second O +- O +order O +rate O +constant O +for O +reaction O +between O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +and O +the O +superoxide B-Chemical +ion O +in O +the O +pH O +range O +6 O +. O +2 O +- O +9 O +. O +0 O +( O +k O += O +5 O +. O +5 O +X O +10 O +( O +8 O +) O +M O +- O +1 O +- O +S O +- O +1 O +at O +pH O +8 O +. O +0 O +) O +were O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +Turnover O +experiments O +demonstrate O +that O +only O +that O +fraction O +of O +the O +ferric O +iron B-Chemical +that O +is O +reduced O +by O +H2O2 B-Chemical +is O +involved O +in O +the O +catalysis O +, O +being O +alternately O +oxidized O +and O +reduced O +by O +O2 O +; O +both O +the O +oxidation O +and O +the O +reduction O +steps O +have O +a O +rate O +constant O +equal O +to O +that O +measured O +under O +turnover O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +interpretation O +is O +discused O +in O +relation O +to O +the O +stoicheiometry O +reported O +for O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +containing I-Chemical +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutases O +prepared O +from O +several O +other O +organisms O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +binding O +of O +gadolinium B-Chemical +[ O +Gd O +( O +III O +) O +] O +to O +a O +homogeneous O +rabbit O +anti O +- O +( O +type O +- O +III O +pneumococcal O +polysaccharide O +) O +IgG O +( O +immunoglobulin O +G O +) O +and O +its O +Fab O +( O +N O +- O +terminal O +half O +of O +heavy O +and O +light O +chain O +) O +and O +Fc O +( O +C O +- O +terminal O +half O +of O +heavy O +- O +chain O +dimer O +) O +fragments O +was O +demonstrated O +by O +measurements O +of O +solvent O +- O +water O +proton O +relaxation O +rates O +in O +the O +appropriate O +Gd O +( O +III O +) O +solutions O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +substrates O +rapidly O +oxidized O +are O +ethane O +, O +n O +- O +propane O +, O +n O +- O +butane O +and O +CO O +. O +Dimethyl O +ether B-Chemical +is O +not O +a O +substrate O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Maximum O +enzyme O +activity O +was O +shown O +with O +stearoyl O +- O +CoA O +decreasing O +with O +both O +palmitoyl O +- O +CoA O +and O +nonadecanoyl O +- O +CoA O +, O +as O +reported O +previously O +for O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Threonine O +, O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +proline O +and O +lysine O +( O +224 O +, O +127 O +, O +242 O +and O +128 O +residues O +/ O +1000 O +residues O +respectively O +) O +were O +the O +major O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +After O +treatment O +of O +LGP O +- O +I O +component O +with O +alkali B-Chemical +and O +NaB3H4 O +radioactivity O +was O +incorporated O +into O +alpha O +- O +aminobutyric O +acid O +and O +alanine B-Chemical +in O +a O +molar O +ratio O +of O +4 O +: O +1 O +, O +and O +radioactive O +galactosaminitol O +was O +isolated O +by O +ion O +- O +exchange O +chromatography O +from O +a O +cleaved O +oligosaccharide O +fraction O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +of O +desialylated O +and O +intact O +LGP O +- O +I O +component O +with O +galactose B-Chemical +oxidase O +followed O +by O +reduction O +with O +NaB3H4 O +revealed O +the O +presence O +of O +52mol O +of O +terminal O +galactose B-Chemical +in O +the O +intact O +molecule O +and O +153mol O +of O +galactose B-Chemical +/ O +mol O +of O +LGP O +- O +I O +component O +after O +treatment O +with O +neuraminidase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +was O +purified O +by O +a O +procedure O +which O +included O +precipitation O +by O +dialysis O +against O +citrate B-Chemical +/ O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +, O +pH3 O +. O +5 O +; O +( O +NH4 O +) O +2SO4 O +precipitation O +; O +hydroxyapatite O +, O +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +and O +ECTEOLA O +- O +cellulose O +column O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +systematic O +investigation O +of O +potential O +ligands O +has O +been O +carried O +out O +: O +these O +included O +6 O +- O +phosphogluconate O +and O +NADP O ++ O +, O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +and O +several O +immobilized O +nucleotides O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +large O +- O +scale O +purification O +scheme O +for O +6 O +- O +phosphogluconate O +dehydrogenase O +is O +presented O +that O +uses O +the O +competitive O +inhibitors O +inorganic O +pyrophosphate O +and O +citrate B-Chemical +as O +specific O +eluents O +. O + +aps B-category +Methyl O +methanethiosulphonate O +was O +used O +to O +produce O +a O +modification O +of O +the O +essential O +thiol B-Chemical +group O +in O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +which O +leaves O +the O +enzyme O +catalytically O +active O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +with O +10mM B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactate I-Chemical +and O +0 O +. O +4mM O +- O +NAD O ++ O +as O +substrates O +the O +enzyme O +was O +virtually O +completely O +inhibited O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +saturating O +NADH O +and O +pyruvate B-Chemical +concentrations O +, O +the O +Vmax O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +formation O +of O +complexes O +between O +methanethiolated O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +and O +substrates O +or O +substrate O +analogues O +can O +also O +be O +shown O +by O +re O +- O +activation O +experiments O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +of O +this O +work O +are O +interpreted O +in O +terms O +of O +a O +role O +for O +the O +essential O +thiol B-Chemical +group O +in O +the O +binding O +of O +substrates O +. O + +aps B-category +Membrane O +- O +bound O +( O +particulate O +) O +and O +soluble O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +2 O +- O +naphthylamidases O +( O +EC O +3 O +. O +5 O +. O +1 O +. O +- O +) O +were O +present O +in O +subcellular O +fractions O +of O +epidermis O +from O +pig O +and O +human O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +did O +not O +require O +heavy O +metals O +and O +were O +not O +inhibited O +by O +thiol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +group I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +blocking I-Chemical +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +soluble O +enzymes O +were O +inhibited O +by O +puromycin O +and O +by O +thiol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +group I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +blocking I-Chemical +agents O +and O +activated O +by O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +2 O +- O +naphthylamidases O +of O +human O +epidermis O +were O +much O +more O +active O +( O +2 O +. O +5 O +times O +) O +towards O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +2 O +- O +naphthylamide O +than O +towards O +the O +commonly O +used O +substrate O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical +2 O +- O +naphthylamide O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +oligomycin O +- O +resistant O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphatase O +and O +its O +effects O +on O +cellular O +growth O +, O +mitochondrial O +oxidative O +phosphorylation O +and O +respiratory O +proton O +translocation O +in O +Saccharomyces O +cerevisiae O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +case O +of O +mutant O +OR146 O +( O +OLI1 O +) O +there O +is O +a O +35 O +% O +loss O +of O +mitochondrial O +protein O +during O +fractionation O +in O +vitro O +, O +suggesting O +that O +the O +mutationally O +altered O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphatase O +( O +ATPase O +) O +confers O +some O +instability O +on O +the O +mitochondrial O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +metabolism O +of O +benzyl O +isothiocyanate O +and O +its O +cysteine B-Chemical +conjugate O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +cysteine B-Chemical +conjugate O +of O +benzyl O +isothiocyanate O +was O +similarly O +incubated O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +, O +the O +corresponding O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetylcysteine I-Chemical +conjugate O +( O +mercapturic O +acid O +) O +was O +formed O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +oral O +dose O +of O +the O +cysteine B-Chemical +conjugate O +of O +[ O +14C O +] O +benzyl O +isothiocyanate O +was O +rapidly O +absorbed O +and O +excreted O +by O +rats O +and O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +Strains O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +K12 O +were O +made O +that O +are O +unable O +to O +assimilate O +glucose B-Chemical +by O +the O +phosphotransferase O +system O +, O +since O +they O +lack O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +specific I-Chemical +components O +specified O +by O +the O +genes O +ptsG O +and O +ptsM O +. O + +aps B-category +Galactose O +, O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +to O +a O +lesser O +extent O +fucose O +are O +substrates O +for O +both O +transport O +systems O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ability O +of O +sugars O +to O +elicit O +anaerobic O +proton O +transport O +is O +associated O +with O +the O +galactose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +specific I-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +with O +the O +methyl O +galactoside O +transport O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activity O +of O +ornithine B-Chemical +decarboxylase O +was O +investigated O +in O +cartilage O +from O +chick O +embryos O +, O +rabbits O +, O +rats O +and O +human O +foetuses O +. O + +aps B-category +Ornithine O +decarboxylase O +activity O +in O +chick O +- O +embryo O +pelvic O +leaflets O +was O +maintained O +at O +the O +value O +in O +vivo O +for O +up O +to O +22h O +when O +the O +isolated O +tissue O +was O +incubated O +in O +a O +modified O +Waymouth O +' O +s O +medium O +( O +MB O +752 O +/ O +1 O +) O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +. O +After O +addition O +of O +cycloheximide B-Chemical +to O +the O +incubation O +medium O +, O +ornithine B-Chemical +decarboxylase O +activity O +declined O +, O +with O +a O +half O +- O +life O +of O +40 O +min O +. O + +aps B-category +Activation O +of O +the O +NADH O +- O +methemoglobin O +reductase O +reaction O +by O +inositol B-Chemical +hexaphosphate O +. O + +aps B-category +Determination O +of O +metal O +- O +metal O +distances O +in O +E O +. O +coli O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +by O +EPR O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +The O +effect O +of O +the O +rauwolfia O +- O +alkaloids O +ajmaline O +, O +rescinnamine O +and O +reserpine B-Chemical +on O +the O +catecholamine B-Chemical +contents O +of O +the O +heart O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +substances O +were O +: O +ajamaline O +, O +N O +- O +methyl O +- O +ajamaline O +, O +N O +- O +n O +- O +propylajmaline O +, O +rescinnamine O +and O +reserpine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Rescinnamine O +and O +reserpine B-Chemical +depleted O +the O +hearts O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +, O +ajmaline O +and O +its O +derivatives O +did O +not O +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +samples O +from O +volunteers O +medicated O +with O +the O +psychotropic O +drugs O +fosazepam O +and O +nomifensine B-Chemical +are O +analysed O +by O +this O +method O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Some O +1 O +, O +4 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +benzodiazepine I-Chemical +derivatives O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +the O +rate O +of O +oxidation O +of O +intramitochondrial O +NAD O +( O +P O +) O +H O +induced O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +mitochondrial O +aspartate B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +had O +a O +pH O +optimum O +at O +5 O +- O +0 O +and O +the O +optimal O +temperature O +for O +activity O +was O +approximately O +50 O +degrees O +C O +. O +The O +enzyme O +was O +not O +activated O +by O +divalent O +cations O +or O +2 O +- O +mercaptoethanol O +, O +but O +it O +was O +inhibited O +by O +p O +- O +chloromercuribenzoate O +and O +by O +fluoride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +hydroxide O +in O +root O +canal O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Fluorine O +- O +19 O +nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +studies O +of O +effects O +of O +ligands O +on O +trifluoroacetonylated O +supernatant O +aspartate B-Chemical +transaminase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +resonance O +signals O +with O +chemical O +shifts O +at O +615 O +and O +800 O +Hz O +upfield O +from O +trifluoroacetic O +acid O +correspond O +to O +modified O +cysteine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +82 I-Chemical +and O +- O +45 O +and O +have O +tentatively O +been O +assigned O +in O +this O +order O +. O + +aps B-category +Occupation O +of O +the O +active O +site O +by O +a O +quasi O +- O +enzyme O +- O +substrate O +complex O +, O +trifluoromethionine O +pyridoxyl O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +affects O +the O +19F O +chemical O +shift O +of O +modified O +Cys O +- O +390 O +, O +making O +it O +pH O +dependent O +with O +a O +pK O +value O +of O +8 O +. O +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +of O +alpha O +- O +ketoglutarate O +or O +succinate O +to O +the O +ketone B-Chemical +labeled O +enzyme O +causes O +a O +decrease O +in O +the O +resonance O +line O +width O +, O +and O +titrations O +show O +that O +this O +procedure O +is O +a O +good O +method O +with O +which O +to O +study O +the O +affinity O +of O +the O +enzyme O +for O +these O +ligands O +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +for O +a O +critical O +glutamyl O +and O +an O +aspartyl O +residue O +in O +the O +function O +of O +pig O +heart O +diphosphopyridine O +nucleotide B-Chemical +dependent O +isocitrate O +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +is O +inactivated O +upon O +incubation O +with O +1 O +- O +cyclohexyl O +- O +3 O +- O +( O +2 O +- O +morpholinoethyl O +) O +carbodiimide O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +glycinamide O +or O +glycine B-Chemical +ethyl O +ester O +. O + +aps B-category +Experiments O +employing O +[ O +1 O +- O +14C O +] O +glycine B-Chemical +ethyl O +ester O +show O +a O +net O +incorporation O +of O +2 O +mol O +of O +glycine B-Chemical +ethyl O +ester O +per O +subunit O +( O +40 O +000 O +) O +, O +concomitant O +with O +the O +complete O +inactivation O +of O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Whereas O +k2 O +/ O +KS O +for O +the O +thiolethyl O +ester O +is O +higher O +than O +that O +for O +the O +analogous O +oxygen B-Chemical +ester O +, O +the O +k2 O +/ O +KS O +values O +for O +oxy O +- O +and O +thio O +- O +p O +- O +nitrophenyl O +esters O +are O +nearly O +identical O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +the O +biosynthetic O +and O +biodegradative O +ornithine B-Chemical +decarboxylases O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +showed O +hyperbolic O +kinetics O +with O +a O +Km O +of O +5 O +. O +6 O +mM O +for O +ornithine B-Chemical +and O +1 O +. O +0 O +micronM O +for O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +and O +it O +was O +competitively O +inhibited O +by O +putrescine O +and O +spermidine O +. O + +aps B-category +Antibody O +to O +the O +purified O +biodegradative O +ornithine B-Chemical +decarboxylase O +did O +not O +cross O +- O +react O +with O +the O +biosynthetic O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +interaction O +of O +magnesium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ADP I-Chemical +with O +skeletal O +muscle O +heavy O +meromyosin O +has O +been O +studied O +by O +measuring O +the O +accompanying O +release O +of O +protons O +. O + +aps B-category +Alkylation O +of O +a O +reactive O +thiol B-Chemical +group O +( O +SH1 O +) O +does O +not O +change O +the O +proton O +liberation O +at O +pH O +8 O +. O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +Measurements O +with O +potassium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ADP I-Chemical +, O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +magnesium B-Chemical +, O +show O +that O +at O +pH O +8 O +. O +0 O +there O +is O +no O +proton O +release O +but O +rather O +a O +sizeable O +proton O +absorption O +( O +about O +0 O +. O +5 O +mol O +of O +protons O +per O +mol O +of O +heavy O +meromyosin O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +of O +the O +tree O +toxic O +compounds O +used O +in O +this O +work O +, O +veratridine B-Chemical +and O +the O +sea O +anemone O +toxin O +, O +provoke O +neurotransmitter O +release O +from O +synaptosomes O +; O +the O +third O +one O +, O +tetrodotoxin O +, O +prevents O +the O +action O +of O +both O +veratridine B-Chemical +and O +the O +sea O +anemone O +toxin O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +veratridine B-Chemical +and O +the O +sea O +anemone O +toxin O +similarly O +provoke O +neurotransmitter O +release O +, O +they O +act O +on O +different O +receptor O +structures O +in O +the O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +half O +- O +maximum O +inhibitory O +concentration O +of O +tetrodotoxin O +is O +K0 O +. O +5 O += O +4 O +nM O +for O +veratridine B-Chemical +and O +7 O +. O +9 O +nM O +for O +ATXII O +. O + +aps B-category +Solubilized O +activator O +has O +a O +molecular O +weight O +similar O +to O +that O +of O +the O +secreted O +enzyme O +as O +determined O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +gel O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aequorin O +light O +emission O +in O +a O +medium O +simulating O +the O +in O +vivo O +cationic O +conditions O +for O +barnacle O +muscle O +fibres O +indicates O +that O +two O +Ca2 O ++ O +are O +apparently O +involved O +in O +this O +process O +for O +free O +calcium B-Chemical +concentrations O +higher O +than O +approx O +. O + +aps B-category +Based O +on O +these O +parameters O +one O +can O +make O +accurate O +quantitative O +predictions O +for O +the O +aequoring O +light O +response O +under O +a O +variety O +of O +ionic O +conditions O +, O +and O +this O +suggests O +that O +it O +is O +possible O +to O +determine O +absolute O +free O +calcium B-Chemical +concentrations O +providing O +that O +the O +ionic O +composition O +of O +the O +solutions O +is O +known O +, O +and O +that O +the O +relative O +rate O +of O +aequorin O +utilization O +is O +higher O +than O +0 O +. O +005 O +. O + +aps B-category +Adenine O +nucleotide B-Chemical +transport O +in O +sonic O +submitochondrial O +particles O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +intact O +mitochondria O +, O +inhibition O +of O +ADP O +transport O +in O +sonic O +particles O +by O +bongkrekic O +acid O +does O +not O +have O +any O +lag O +- O +time O +and O +does O +not O +depend O +on O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +generation O +of O +ADP O +by O +the O +mitochondrial O +bound O +hexokinase O +, O +seems O +to O +be O +the O +reason O +for O +the O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +inhibitory O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Rebinding O +of O +the O +hexokinase O +to O +the O +mitochondria O +regenerated O +the O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +inhibitory O +effect O +on O +Ehrlich O +ascites O +cell O +mitochondria O +ATPase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +depression O +process O +is O +inhibited O +by O +chloramphenicol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Arsenate O +is O +a O +competitive O +inhibitor O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +transport O +, O +having O +an O +apparent O +Ki O +of O +6 O +. O +0 O +micronM O +. O + +aps B-category +Adenylate O +cyclase O +in O +both O +membrane O +preparations O +was O +stimulated O +by O +parathyroid O +hormone O +, O +calcitonin B-Chemical +, O +epinephrine B-Chemical +, O +prostaglandins B-Chemical +and O +5 O +' O +- O +guanylylimidodiphosphate O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +the O +medium O +pH O +and O +the O +cell O +pH O +upon O +the O +kinetical O +parameters O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +uptake O +by O +yeast O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Km O +is O +affected O +by O +the O +medium O +pH O +both O +directly O +via O +an O +apparent O +competitive O +inhibition O +by O +hydroxyl B-Chemical +anions O +and O +indirectly O +in O +a O +similar O +way O +as O +the O +maximum O +rate O +of O +uptake O +. O + +aps B-category +Anthramycin O +, O +tomaymycin O +and O +sibiromycin O +are O +pyrrolo O +( O +1 O +, O +4 O +) O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +antitumor O +antibiotics O +. O + +aps B-category +Whereas O +all O +three O +pyrrolo O +( O +1 O +, O +4 O +) O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +antibiotic O +- O +DNA O +complexes O +are O +relatively O +stable O +to O +alkaline O +conditions O +, O +their O +stability O +under O +acidic O +conditions O +increases O +in O +the O +order O +tomaymycin O +, O +anthramycin O +and O +sibiromycin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +the O +spacer O +length O +, O +pH O +and O +the O +type O +of O +the O +buffer O +used O +, O +concentration O +of O +reactive O +groups O +in O +the O +copolymer O +, O +concentration O +of O +the O +ligand O +and O +the O +participation O +of O +the O +hydrolytic O +and O +aminolytic O +reaction O +of O +p O +- O +nitrophenyl O +functional O +groups O +in O +the O +attachment O +of O +glycine B-Chemical +, O +D O +, O +L O +- O +phenylalanine O +and O +serumalbumin O +was O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +preparation O +was O +completely O +inhibited O +by O +100 O +micronM O +ouabain B-Chemical +with O +a O +Ki O +of O +1 O +. O +8 O +micronM O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +formation O +of O +ADP O +and O +inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +from O +ATP O +was O +stoichiometric O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +simple O +and O +rapid O +method O +is O +presented O +for O +purifying O +the O +NADP O ++ O +- O +dependent O +isocitrate O +dehydrogenase O +( O +threo O +- O +DS O +- O +isocitrate O +: O +NADP O ++ O +oxidoreductase O +( O +decarboxylating O +) O +, O +from O +Escherichia O +coli O +, O +which O +relies O +on O +fractionation O +of O +the O +enzyme O +with O +polyethylene B-Chemical +glycol I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Glyceraldehyde B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +of O +Scenedesmus O +obliquus O +. O + +aps B-category +NADH O +- O +dependent O +glyceraldehyde B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +( O +EC O +1 O +. O +2 O +. O +1 O +. O +- O +- O +) O +of O +the O +photosynthetic O +alga O +Scenedesmus O +obliquus O +is O +converted O +to O +an O +NADPH B-Chemical +specific O +form O +by O +incubation O +with O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Prolonged O +incubation O +with O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +results O +in O +the O +further O +dissociation O +of O +the O +enzyme O +to O +an O +inactive O +70 O +000 O +dalton O +species O +. 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O + +aps B-category +This O +glycoprotein O +fraction O +could O +also O +be O +separated O +from O +a O +collagenous O +fraction O +and O +from O +proteoglycans O +by O +ion O +exchange O +chromatography O +on O +DEAE O +cellulose O +or O +by O +gelfiltration O +on O +Sepharose O +4 O +B O +in O +6 O +M O +urea B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +0 I-Chemical +. O +02 O +M O +EDTA O +- O +0 O +. O +2 O +per O +cent O +SDS O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +S O +- O +carboxamidomethyl O +glycoprotein O +preparation O +interacts O +with O +acid O +soluble O +calf O +skin O +collagen O +on O +isoelectric O +focusing O +in O +sucrose B-Chemical +gradient O +in O +urea B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Isolation O +, O +purification O +and O +investigation O +of O +physico O +- O +chemical O +properties O +and O +specificity O +of O +Leu B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Gly I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Gly I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +peptidase O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Mild O +hydrolysis O +of O +leucine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +free I-Chemical +tripeptides O +and O +dipeptides O +with O +N O +- O +terminal O +glycine B-Chemical +and O +alanine B-Chemical +was O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Isolation O +and O +properties O +of O +cortisol B-Chemical +inducible O +and O +cortisol B-Chemical +non O +- O +inducible O +isoenzymes O +of O +rat O +liver O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +isoenzymes O +have O +pH O +optimum O +around O +7 O +. O +5 O +; O +their O +apparent O +Km O +values O +for O +tyrosine B-Chemical +are O +also O +similar O +. O + +aps B-category +Pyridoxal O +phosphate B-Chemical +is O +firmly O +bound O +to O +the O +catode O +isoenzyme O +and O +can O +be O +readily O +spearated O +from O +the O +anode O +isoenzyme O +during O +dyalisis O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Participation O +of O +the O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +containing I-Chemical +pterine O +- O +protein O +complex O +in O +NADP O +reduction O +and O +electron O +transport O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +factor O +accepts O +the O +electron O +from O +the O +reaction O +site O +of O +the O +first O +photosystem O +and O +activates O +hydrogen B-Chemical +liberation O +in O +the O +systems O +, O +containing O +hydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +and O +its O +metabolites O +( O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +) O +on O +Chlorella O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +( O +GS O +) O +( O +E O +. O +C O +. O +6 O +. O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +2 O +) O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +Mg O +or O +Mn O +was O +studied O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +Ca2 O ++ O +- O +dependent O +ATPase O +of O +sarcoplasmic O +reticulum O +membranes O +( O +SRM O +) O +by O +platinum B-Chemical +and O +palladium O +complexes O +is O +considerable O +enhanced O +during O +the O +incubation O +of O +these O +compunds O +with O +SRM O +preparations O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +small O +( O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +concentrations O +of O +ATP O +or O +ADP O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +increase O +in O +pH O +of O +the O +medium O +up O +to O +8 O +. O +5 O +and O +the O +increase O +of O +temperature O +up O +to O +45degree O +C O +sharply O +decrease O +the O +ATP O +ability O +to O +enchance O +the O +sensitivity O +of O +Ca2 O ++ O +- O +dependent O +ATPase O +to O +platinum B-Chemical +and O +palladium O +compunds O +. O + +aps B-category +Xanthine O +and O +cytosine B-Chemical +do O +not O +affect O +the O +uptake O +of O +adenine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +temperature O +, O +salts O +, O +acids O +and O +ethanol B-Chemical +on O +disc O +electrophoretic O +spectrum O +of O +brain O +prealbumines O +were O +closely O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +BTB O +- O +protein O +contains O +42 O +mole O +% O +of O +acidic O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +and O +5 O +. O +4 O +mole O +% O +of O +alkaline O +ones O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +The O +role O +of O +the O +tryptophan B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +62 I-Chemical +residue O +in O +the O +structure O +and O +function O +of O +lysozyme O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +highly O +purified O +preparation O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +from O +chlorella O +grown O +on O +a O +medium O +containing O +nitrate B-Chemical +as O +a O +sole O +source O +of O +nitrogen B-Chemical +, O +was O +isolated O +and O +characterized O +by O +disc O +- O +electrophoresis O +and O +analytical O +ultracentrifugation O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +salt B-Chemical +addition O +and O +/ O +or O +incubation O +of O +the O +suspension O +on O +the O +activity O +of O +RNase O +and O +on O +the O +degradation O +of O +endogenous O +RNA O +was O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +the O +incubation O +with O +NaCl B-Chemical +the O +active O +RNase O +was O +able O +to O +degrade O +endogenous O +RNA O +. O + +aps B-category +Fermentation O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +by O +Acetobacter O +melanogenus O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +increasing O +ethanol B-Chemical +concentration O +in O +the O +feed O +on O +growth O +and O +physiological O +activity O +of O +the O +yeast O +Candida O +utlis O +was O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +maximum O +biomass O +concentration O +in O +the O +effluent O +and O +maximum O +productivity O +was O +achieved O +at O +75 O +g O +ethanol B-Chemical +/ O +liter O +in O +the O +feed O +. O + +aps B-category +Enhancement O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +absorption O +in O +biological O +systems O +. O + +aps B-category +Whole O +cells O +of O +Micrococcus O +luteus O +( O +formerly O +Sarcina O +lutea O +ATCC O +9341 O +) O +have O +been O +covalently O +linked O +to O +a O +carboxymethylcellulose O +support O +system O +, O +with O +the O +retention O +of O +histidine O +ammonia B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lyase I-Chemical +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +milk O +- O +clotting O +enzyme O +pepsin O +was O +immobilized O +onto O +beads O +of O +alumina O +, O +titania O +, O +glass O +, O +stainless O +steel O +, O +iron B-Chemical +oxide O +, O +and O +Teflon O +for O +treating O +skim O +milk O +in O +a O +fluidized O +- O +bed O +reactor O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rats O +given O +ACTH B-Chemical +after O +3 O +- O +acetylpyridine O +showed O +a O +lesser O +elevation O +of O +corticosteroids B-Chemical +in O +the O +blood O +and O +adrenal O +gland O +tissue O +than O +the O +intact O +animals O +; O +3 O +- O +acetylpyridine O +diminished O +the O +activity O +of O +dehydrogenase O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +in O +the O +adrenal O +glands O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +process O +is O +strengthened O +by O +NADPH B-Chemical +and O +weakened O +by O +SKF O +- O +525A O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +on O +the O +graft O +- O +versus O +- O +host O +reaction O +( O +GVHR O +) O +and O +the O +peculiarities O +attending O +the O +development O +of O +pregnancy O +in O +female O +animals O +which O +survived O +after O +the O +GVHR O +were O +studied O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Phenylephrine B-Chemical +and O +methoxamine B-Chemical +were O +exclusively O +excitatory O +, O +whereas O +salbutamol B-Chemical +was O +entirely O +depressant O +. O + +aps B-category +Lower O +doses O +of O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +usually O +evoked O +depressions O +, O +whereas O +higher O +doses O +, O +on O +the O +same O +cell O +, O +evoked O +excitatory O +responses O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +blocking O +agents O +, O +propranolol B-Chemical +and O +sotalol B-Chemical +, O +reversibly O +antagonized O +both O +depressant O +and O +excitatory O +responses O +to O +adrenoceptor O +agonists O +, O +without O +affecting O +responses O +to O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +surveys O +showed O +that O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +are O +more O +widely O +prescribed O +than O +chlorodiazepoxide O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +labetalol B-Chemical +( O +AH O +5158 O +) O +on O +adrenergic O +transmission O +in O +the O +cat O +spleen O +. O + +aps B-category +Labetalol B-Chemical +( O +1 O +. O +5 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +) O +increased O +the O +recovery O +of O +3H O +label O +in O +the O +venous O +blood O +following O +the O +close O +- O +arterial O +infusion O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +- O +( O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +noradrenaline I-Chemical +indicating O +that O +the O +drug O +inhibits O +uptake O +of O +the O +amine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Labetalol B-Chemical +( O +3 O +. O +3 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +increased O +the O +transmitter O +overflow O +following O +stimulation O +of O +the O +splenic O +nerves O +with O +200 O +impulses O +at O +10 O +Hz O +. O + +aps B-category +Cocaine B-Chemical +( O +1 O +. O +5 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +or O +DMI O +( O +5 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +LA O +- O +N O +- O +1 O +and O +IMR O +- O +32 O +contained O +15 O +and O +5 O +times O +as O +much O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +, O +respectively O +, O +whereas O +LA O +- O +N O +- O +2 O +, O +SK O +- O +N O +- O +SH O +, O +and O +SK O +- O +N O +- O +MC O +contained O +only O +0 O +. O +5 O +to O +5 O +% O +of O +that O +in O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +is O +the O +first O +demonstration O +of O +the O +action O +potential O +Na O ++ O +ionophore O +and O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +production O +in O +human O +neuroblastoma O +cell O +lines O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +cellulose O +isothiocyanate O +has O +been O +prepared O +by O +treatment O +of O +cellulose O +with O +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +di O +- O +isocyanatotoluene O +followed O +by O +hydrolysis O +and O +reaction O +of O +the O +resulting O +amine B-Chemical +with O +thiophosgene O +. 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O + +aps B-category +They O +had O +essentially O +the O +same O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +and O +immunologically O +cross O +- O +reacted O +with O +each O +other O +. O + +aps B-category +Phosphorylcholine O +and O +cytidine O +diphosphocholine O +as O +well O +as O +two O +enzyme O +activities O +, O +a O +choline B-Chemical +kinase O +and O +a O +cytidine O +diphosphocholine O +pyrophosphorylase O +, O +were O +identified O +in O +pneumococcal O +extracts O +. O + +aps B-category +Besides O +catalyzing O +the O +formation O +of O +homocysteine O +from O +O O +- O +acetylhomoserine O +and O +sulfide O +, O +it O +also O +catalyzed O +the O +syntheses O +of O +O O +- O +alkylhomoserines O +corresponding O +to O +the O +alcohols O +added O +form O +O O +- O +acetylhomoserine O +and O +ethyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +, O +n O +- O +propylalcohol O +, O +n O +- O +butyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +, O +methyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +, O +and O +n O +- O +pentyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +, O +its O +activities O +with O +these O +alcohols O +decreasing O +in O +that O +order O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +lysozyme O +is O +reacted O +with O +4 O +- O +chloro O +- O +7 O +- O +nitrobenz O +- O +2 O +- O +oxa O +- O +1 O +, O +3 O +- O +diazole O +( O +NBD O +- O +CL O +) O +, O +A O +1 O +: O +1 O +covalent O +product O +is O +produced O +, O +in O +which O +the O +NBD O +group O +arylates O +the O +phenolic O +hydroxyl B-Chemical +group O +of O +Tyr O +- O +23 O +( O +Aboderin O +, O +A O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +kinetics O +of O +the O +spectral O +change O +accompanying O +the O +formation O +of O +the O +sigma O +complex O +has O +been O +investigated O +with O +a O +rapid O +mixing O +stopped O +flow O +spectrophotometer O +both O +in O +the O +modified O +enzyme O +and O +in O +the O +low O +molecular O +weight O +model O +compounds O +N O +- O +acetyl O +- O +( O +O O +- O +NBD O +) O +- O +L O +- O +tyrosinamide O +and O +glycyl O +- O +( O +O O +- O +NBD O +) O +- B-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Investigation O +of O +NADP O +- O +dependent O +aldehyde B-Chemical +reductase O +activity O +in O +mouse O +liver O +led O +to O +the O +finding O +that O +two O +distinct O +reductases O +are O +separable O +by O +DE52 O +ion O +exchange O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +presence O +of O +two O +NADP O +- O +linked O +aldehyde B-Chemical +reductases O +in O +liver O +has O +apparently O +not O +heretofore O +been O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +present O +enzyme O +preparation O +binds O +1 O +mol O +of O +methionine B-Chemical +sulfoximine O +phosphate B-Chemical +per O +mol O +of O +enzyme O +; O +it O +also O +differs O +from O +the O +enzyme O +obtained O +earlier O +in O +exhibiting O +much O +less O +ATPase O +activity O +and O +less O +activity O +in O +catalyzing O +ATP O +- O +dependent O +cyclization O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +New O +information O +has O +been O +obtained O +about O +the O +interaction O +of O +the O +enzyme O +with O +glutamate B-Chemical +analogs O +; O +thus O +, O +the O +enzyme O +is O +active O +with O +such O +glutamate B-Chemical +analogs O +as O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +, O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +, O +and O +threo O +- O +beta O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +L O +- O +glutanate O +, O +and O +it O +is O +effectively O +inhibited O +by O +cis B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +, O +3 O +- O +dicarboxycyclonexane O +, O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphonobutyrate I-Chemical +, O +and O +gamma O +- O +methylglutamate O +. O + +aps B-category +gamma O +- O +Glutamylcysteine O +synthetase O +is O +inactivated O +by O +incubation O +with O +low O +concentrations O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +chloropentanoate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Glutamate I-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +or O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamine I-Chemical +, O +protected O +against O +inactivation O +and O +the O +protective O +effect O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +was O +increased O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +ATP O +or O +ADP O +. O + +aps B-category +Iodoacetamide O +also O +inhibited O +the O +enzyme O +; O +however O +, O +this O +reagent O +is O +much O +less O +effective O +than O +the O +chloroketone O +and O +inhibition O +by O +iodoacetamide O +is O +less O +effectively O +prevented O +by O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Indolyl O +- O +3 O +- O +alkane O +alpha O +- O +hydroxylase O +, O +a O +novel O +tryptophan B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +metabolizing I-Chemical +enzyme O +, O +was O +prepared O +in O +crystalline O +form O +from O +soil O +isolate O +organism O +Pseudomonas O +XA O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +catalyzes O +hydroxylation O +on O +the O +side O +chain O +of O +a O +variety O +of O +3 O +- O +substituted O +indole O +compounds O +, O +including O +certain O +tryptophan B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +containing I-Chemical +oligopeptides O +. O + +aps B-category +Nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +studies O +indicated O +that O +hydroxylation O +always O +took O +place O +at O +the O +same O +position O +when O +the O +substrate O +was O +tryptophan B-Chemical +methyl O +ester O +, O +tryptophol O +, O +indole O +- O +3 O +- O +propionate O +, O +or O +indole O +- O +3 O +- O +butyrate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +is O +inhibited O +by O +potassium B-Chemical +cyanide O +( O +0 O +. O +1 O +mM O +) O +or O +hydroxylamine O +( O +1mM O +) O +, O +but O +not O +by O +NaBH4 O +( O +25 O +mM O +) O +, O +aminooxyacetic O +acid O +( O +7mM O +) O +, O +quinacrine O +( O +1 O +mM O +) O +, O +chlortetracycline O +( O +1 O +mM O +) O +, O +p O +- O +mercuribenzoate O +( O +0 O +. O +1 O +mM O +) O +, O +or O +ethylenediaminetetraacetate O +( O +1 O +mM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Formation O +of O +bilirubin B-Chemical +monoglucuronide O +from O +unconjugated O +bilirubin B-Chemical +requires O +a O +microsomal O +enzyme O +, O +UDP O +- O +glucuronate O +glucuronyltransferase O +( O +EC O +2 O +. O +4 O +. O +1 O +. O +17 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +highest O +specific O +activity O +for O +bilirubin B-Chemical +diglucuronide O +formation O +occurred O +in O +a O +fraction O +highly O +enriched O +in O +plasma O +membranes O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +unconjugated O +bilirubin B-Chemical +was O +infused O +intravenously O +into O +rats O +at O +rates O +exceeding O +the O +maximal O +hepatic O +excretory O +capacity O +, O +bilirubin B-Chemical +monoglucuronide O +accumulated O +in O +serum O +and O +bilirubin B-Chemical +diglucuronide O +was O +found O +exclusively O +in O +bile O +as O +the O +predominant O +bilirubin B-Chemical +metabolite O +. O + +aps B-category +Conversion O +of O +bilirubin B-Chemical +monoglucuronide O +to O +bilirubin B-Chemical +diglucuronide O +may O +play O +a O +role O +in O +the O +transport O +of O +bilirubin B-Chemical +glucuronides O +from O +liver O +to O +bile O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +new O +enzyme O +which O +catalyzes O +the O +oxidation O +of O +the O +side O +chain O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +and O +other O +indole O +derivatives O +, O +has O +been O +purified O +to O +apparent O +homogeneity O +from O +Pseudomonas O +and O +crystallized O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purified O +enzyme O +was O +shown O +to O +catalyze O +the O +reaction O +in O +which O +1 O +mol O +each O +of O +NH3 O +and O +CO2 O +was O +formed O +at O +the O +expense O +of O +1 O +mol O +each O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +and O +molecular O +oxygen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +variety O +of O +other O +indole O +derivatives O +such O +as O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +, O +tryptamine O +, O +serotonin B-Chemical +, O +melatonin B-Chemical +, O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +, O +N O +- O +acetyl O +- O +L O +- O +tryptophanamide O +, O +3 O +- O +indoleacetamide O +, O +3 O +- O +indolelactic O +acid O +, O +3 O +- O +indolepropionic O +acid O +, O +3 O +- O +indoleethanol O +, O +and O +skatole O +were O +also O +substrates O +. O + +aps B-category +Concanavalin O +A O +added O +to O +intact O +cells O +at O +37 O +degrees O +caused O +rapid O +and O +reversible O +inactivation O +of O +a O +soluble O +enzyme O +, O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +, O +in O +two O +lines O +of O +rat O +hepatoma O +tissue O +culture O +cells O +grown O +in O +monolayer O +culture O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +lectins O +known O +to O +bind O +to O +different O +sugars O +did O +not O +bring O +about O +the O +inactivation O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +effect O +of O +concanavalin O +A O +could O +not O +be O +mimicked O +either O +by O +dibutyryl O +cyclic O +adenosine B-Chemical +or O +guanosine B-Chemical +monophosphoric O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +32P O +] O +Spectrin O +was O +separated O +from O +actin O +and O +other O +proteins O +and O +isolated O +in O +a O +nonaggregated O +state O +as O +a O +So20 O +, O +w O += O +7 O +S O +( O +in O +0 O +. O +3 O +mM O +NaPO4 O +) O +or O +So20 O +, O +w O += O +8 O +S O +( O +in O +20 O +mM O +KCl O +, O +0 O +. O +3 O +mM O +NaPO4 O +) O +protein O +after O +sedimentation O +on O +linear O +sucrose B-Chemical +gradients O +. O + +aps B-category +Binding O +was O +abolished O +by O +pretreatment O +of O +vesicles O +with O +0 O +. O +1 O +M O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +or O +with O +0 O +. O +1 O +microng O +/ O +ml O +of O +trypsin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +exogenous O +thyroid O +hormones O +( O +thyroxine B-Chemical +and O +triiodothyronine O +) O +on O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +receptors O +in O +the O +rat O +myocardium O +were O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +increased O +numbers O +of O +receptors O +may O +be O +responsible O +, O +at O +least O +in O +part O +, O +for O +the O +enhanced O +catecholamine B-Chemical +sensitivity O +of O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +- O +coupled O +cardiac O +responses O +in O +the O +hyperthyroid O +state O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +binding O +properties O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +glucagon O +are O +compared O +with O +those O +of O +125I O +- O +glucagon O +, O +and O +the O +implications O +of O +the O +actions O +of O +GTP O +on O +glucagon O +binding O +are O +discussed O +in O +relation O +to O +the O +overall O +regulation O +of O +adenylate O +cyclase O +by O +hormone O +and O +the O +nucleotide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +majority O +of O +sites O +of O +action O +in O +DNA O +exposed O +to O +ultraviolet O +light O +or O +OsO4 O +appear O +to O +be O +alkali B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stable I-Chemical +, O +but O +those O +in O +DNA O +exposed O +to O +x O +- O +rays O +or O +acid O +are O +not O +. O + +aps B-category +Results O +from O +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +column O +chromatography O +and O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +under O +nondenaturing O +conditions O +revealed O +only O +one O +enzyme O +activity O +in O +HeLa O +cell O +extracts O +which O +was O +capable O +of O +selectively O +hydrolyzing O +m7G O +( O +5 O +' O +) O +pppN O +to O +yield O +m7pG O ++ O +ppN O +( O +where O +N O += O +2 O +' O +- O +O O +- O +methylated O +or O +unmethylated O +ribonucleosides O +or O +oligonucleotides O +of O +up O +to O +8 O +to O +10 O +nucleosides B-Chemical +in O +length O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +the O +trimethylated O +guanosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +containing I-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +terminal O +structure O +derived O +from O +U O +- O +2 O +RNA O +was O +found O +not O +to O +serve O +as O +substrate O +, O +and O +7 O +- O +methylinosine O +, O +unlike O +7 O +- O +methylguanosine O +, O +was O +not O +an O +effective O +inhibitor O +of O +m7G O +( O +5 O +' O +) O +pppG O +hydrolysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Enzyme O +activity O +is O +stimulated O +by O +0 O +. O +2 O +to O +0 O +. O +3 O +M O +NaCl B-Chemical +and O +is O +unusually O +salt B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Rat O +liver O +ornithine B-Chemical +decarboxylase O +induced O +by O +injection O +of O +thioacetamide O +has O +been O +separated O +into O +at O +least O +two O +fractions O +by O +covalent O +chromatography O +on O +an O +activated O +thiol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Sepharose I-Chemical +4B O +column O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +biological O +significance O +or O +the O +relationship O +between O +multiple O +forms O +of O +ornithine B-Chemical +decarboxylase O +is O +not O +understood O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +forms O +of O +ornithine B-Chemical +decarboxylase O +( O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ornithine I-Chemical +carboxy O +- O +lyase O +, O +EC O +4 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +. O +17 O +) O +were O +purified O +from O +the O +livers O +of O +rats O +which O +had O +been O +treated O +with O +thioacetamide O +for O +16 O +h O +( O +for O +details O +, O +see O +miniprint O +to O +Obenrader O +, O +M O +. O +F O +. O +, O +and O +Prouty O +, O +W O +. O +F O +. O +( O +1977 O +) O +J O +. O +Biol O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +apparent O +subunits O +are O +approximately O +50 O +, O +000 O +daltons O +as O +determined O +by O +electrophoresis O +on O +polyacrylamide O +gels O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +sodium B-Chemical +and O +potassium B-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +were O +shown O +to O +inhibit O +enzymatic O +activity O +; O +50 O +% O +inhibition O +occurred O +at O +270 O +mM O +for O +each O +when O +Km O +amounts O +or O +ornithine B-Chemical +were O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +antibody O +was O +shown O +to O +precipitate O +quantitatively O +the O +ornithine B-Chemical +decarboxylase O +activity O +isolated O +from O +induced O +rat O +liver O +and O +rat O +ventral O +prostate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +antibody O +preparation O +has O +been O +used O +in O +a O +titration O +method O +to O +assess O +the O +half O +- O +life O +of O +antigen O +in O +livers O +of O +rats O +induced O +for O +ornithine B-Chemical +decarboxylase O +by O +injection O +of O +thioacetamide O +. O + +aps B-category +Reversible O +binding O +of O +Pi O +by O +beef O +heart O +mitochondrial O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphatase O +. O + +aps B-category +Derepression O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +transport O +by O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +starvation O +in O +rat O +hepatoma O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +increased O +rate O +of O +transport O +is O +accompanied O +by O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +Vmax O +and O +a O +modest O +decrease O +in O +the O +Km O +for O +this O +transport O +system O +, O +and O +is O +reversed O +by O +readdition O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Amino O +acids O +which O +compete O +with O +AIB O +for O +transport O +also O +prevent O +the O +starvation O +- O +induced O +increase O +in O +AIB O +transport O +; O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +which O +do O +not O +compete O +fail O +to O +prevent O +the O +enhancement O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +starvation O +- O +induced O +enhancement O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +transport O +does O +not O +appear O +to O +be O +the O +result O +of O +a O +release O +from O +transinhibition O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +loading O +cells O +with O +high O +concentrations O +of O +a O +single O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +following O +a O +period O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +starvation O +fails O +to O +prevent O +the O +enhancement O +of O +AIB O +transport O +, O +whereas O +incubation O +of O +the O +cells O +with O +the O +single O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +for O +the O +entire O +duration O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +starvation O +prevents O +the O +enhancement O +; O +intracellular O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +pools O +are O +similar O +under O +both O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +Dexamethasone B-Chemical +, O +which O +dramatically O +inhibits O +AIB O +transport O +in O +cells O +incubated O +in O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +containing I-Chemical +medium O +, O +both O +blocks O +the O +starvation O +- O +induced O +increase O +in O +AIB O +transport O +, O +and O +causes O +a O +time O +- O +dependent O +decrease O +in O +transport O +velocity O +in O +cells O +whose O +transport O +has O +previously O +been O +enhanced O +by O +starvation O +. O + +aps B-category +Present O +studies O +, O +using O +stopped O +flow O +techniques O +, O +have O +shown O +that O +the O +2 O +- O +electron O +- O +reduced O +form O +of O +the O +complex O +( O +produced O +by O +reaction O +with O +1 O +eq O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +) O +reacts O +rapidly O +with O +1 O +eq O +of O +cytochrome O +c O +( O +k O +approximately O +or O +equal O +to O +4 O +. O +6 O +s O +- O +1 O +) O +, O +but O +only O +slowly O +with O +a O +second O +cytochrome O +c O +( O +k O += O +0 O +. O +1 O +to O +0 O +. O +3 O +s O +- O +1 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +adrenodoxin O +in O +a O +complex O +with O +adrenodoxin O +reductase O +allows O +electrons O +of O +constant O +potential O +to O +be O +delivered O +from O +flavin O +to O +cytochrome O +c O +via O +the O +iron B-Chemical +sulfur O +center O +. O +. O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +known O +that O +most O +of O +the O +oxygen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +linked I-Chemical +carbamate O +which O +is O +formed O +in O +normal O +adult O +human O +hemoglobin O +( O +Hb O +A O +) O +is O +confined O +to O +the O +beta O +subunits O +rather O +than O +to O +the O +alpha O +subunits O +. O + +aps B-category +Similar O +measurements O +were O +done O +on O +Hb O +A O +and O +the O +fraction O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +linked I-Chemical +carbamate O +calculated O +from O +the O +effect O +of O +pCO2 O +( O +at O +constant O +pH O +) O +on O +the O +oxygen B-Chemical +half O +- O +saturation O +pressure O +( O +p50 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +fraction O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +linked I-Chemical +carbamate O +was O +much O +less O +dependent O +on O +pH O +and O +pCO2 O +in O +betaSH O +than O +in O +Hb O +A O +. O + +aps B-category +Adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphate I-Chemical +synthesis O +by O +electrochemical O +proton O +gradient O +in O +vesicles O +reconstituted O +from O +purified O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphatase O +and O +phospholipids O +of O +thermophilic O +bacterium O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +formation O +of O +angiotensin B-Chemical +I O +from O +hog O +angiotensinogen O +at O +pH O +6 O +. O +0 O +and O +37 O +degrees O +was O +267 O +microng O +/ O +h O +/ O +microng O +of O +renin O +, O +or O +2000 O +Goldblatt O +units O +/ O +mg O +of O +renin O +. O + +aps B-category +Translation O +of O +specific O +messenger O +ribonucleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +in O +a O +cell O +- O +free O +system O +derived O +from O +rabbit O +reticulocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +protein O +precipitates O +with O +antiglutamine O +synthetase O +using O +both O +direct O +and O +indirect O +procedures O +, O +migrates O +with O +the O +same O +molecular O +weight O +as O +the O +monomer O +of O +N O +. O +crassa O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +when O +subjected O +to O +acrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +, O +and O +chromatographs O +as O +N O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +localization O +of O +a O +glutaminase O +activity O +within O +avian O +liver O +mitochondria O +plus O +the O +absence O +of O +an O +active O +mitochondrial O +glutamine B-Chemical +transaminase O +is O +consistent O +with O +the O +differential O +effects O +of O +the O +transaminase O +and O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +Derivatization O +and O +chromatography O +of O +nucleosides B-Chemical +and O +nucleotides O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +NaCl B-Chemical +, O +KCl O +, O +MgCl2 O +, O +NH4Cl O +, O +and O +( O +NH4 O +) O +2SO4 O +on O +silylation O +and O +chromatography O +of O +nucleosides B-Chemical +was O +studies O +at O +various O +molar O +excesses O +of O +salt B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +response O +values O +for O +all O +nucleosides B-Chemical +were O +significantly O +affected O +at O +molar O +excess O +salt B-Chemical +present O +values O +( O +MSP O +) O +between O +1 O +and O +10 O +for O +KCl O +, O +NaCl B-Chemical +, O +NH4Cl O +, O +( O +NH4 O +) O +2SO4 O +and O +between O +0 O +. O +1 O +and O +1 O +for O +MgCl2 O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +chromatographic O +peaks O +at O +retention O +temperatures O +( O +RT O +) O +240 O +and O +251 O +were O +obtained O +for O +cytidine O +at O +MSP O +values O +of O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +for O +NaCl B-Chemical +, O +KCl O +, O +and O +MgCl2 O +, O +and O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +for O +NH4Cl O +and O +( O +NH4 O +) O +2SO4 O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +these O +salts O +have O +a O +significant O +effect O +on O +the O +gas O +- O +liquid O +chromatography O +of O +trimethylsilyl O +( O +TMS O +) O +cytidine O +in O +a O +mixture O +of O +nucleosides B-Chemical +, O +especially O +the O +RT O += O +241 O +peak O +. O + +aps B-category +TMS O +- O +SO4 O +, O +TMS O +- O +PO4 O +, O +with O +a O +reduced O +molar O +excess O +of O +BSTFA O +; O +( O +c O +) O +metal O +chelation O +by O +Mg O +ions O +or O +other O +divalent O +cations O +with O +nucleosides B-Chemical +or O +BSTFA O +; O +and O +/ O +or O +( O +d O +) O +an O +increased O +breakdown O +of O +TMS O +derivatives O +in O +presence O +of O +salt B-Chemical +in O +the O +sample O +or O +on O +the O +top O +3 O +in O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +individual O +impurities O +showed O +no O +significant O +effect O +on O +the O +relative O +weight O +response O +( O +RWR O +) O +values O +of O +nucleosides B-Chemical +; O +however O +, O +when O +a O +mixture O +was O +used O +, O +significantly O +lower O +RWR O +values O +were O +observed O +for O +all O +nucleosides B-Chemical +except O +thymidine B-Chemical +when O +using O +1000 O +molar O +excess O +of O +BSTFA O +greater O +than O +1000 O +should O +be O +used O +for O +silylation O +and O +chromatography O +of O +nucleosides B-Chemical +in O +an O +RNA O +hydrolysate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stability O +of O +nucleosides B-Chemical +as O +a O +function O +of O +concentration O +of O +HCl O +, O +at O +room O +temperature O +was O +studied O +and O +very O +low O +RWR O +values O +for O +nucleosides B-Chemical +were O +obtained O +when O +stored O +for O +48 O +h O +in O +greater O +than O +0 O +. O +001 O +N O +HCl O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +provide O +a O +rationale O +for O +the O +development O +of O +rapid O +and O +simple O +separation O +methods O +that O +should O +prove O +useful O +in O +the O +study O +of O +pyridine O +and O +adenine O +nucleotide B-Chemical +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +paper O +describes O +a O +method O +for O +simultaneous O +thin O +- O +layer O +chromatographic O +separation O +of O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +, O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +or O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +caproate B-Chemical +alongside O +dibucaine B-Chemical +hydrochloride O +, O +hexachlorophene O +and O +clemizole O +undecylate O +as O +well O +as O +clemizole O +hexachlorophenate O +in O +ointments O +and O +suppositories O +. O + +aps B-category +Their O +infrequent O +formation O +during O +routine O +bile B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +analysis O +and O +identification O +by O +gas O +chromatography O +and O +mass O +spectrometry O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +samples O +is O +then O +acidified O +with O +2 O +N O +HCl O +to O +decarboxylate O +clorazepate O +to O +N O +- O +desmethyldiazepam O +, O +which O +is O +then O +extracted O +into O +benzene B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylene I-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +( O +90 O +: O +10 O +) O +after O +adjusting O +the O +pH O +to O +12 O +. O +8 O +with O +NaOH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +urinary O +excretion O +of O +clorazepate O +was O +determined O +by O +the O +measurement O +of O +the O +levels O +of O +N O +- O +desmethyldiazepam O +and O +oxazepam B-Chemical +, O +the O +major O +urinary O +metabolites O +of O +clorazepate O +, O +both O +prior O +to O +and O +after O +enzymatic O +deconjugation O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +improved O +high O +- O +pressure O +liquid O +chromatography O +method O +for O +the O +estimation O +of O +warfarin B-Chemical +in O +plasma O +was O +developed O +. O + +aps B-category +Recoveries O +from O +extraction O +, O +quantitated O +using O +tracer O +amounts O +of O +[ O +14C O +] O +warfarin B-Chemical +and O +methylated O +[ O +14C O +] O +warfarin B-Chemical +were O +92 O +. O +2 O ++ O +/ O +- O +3 O +. O +16 O +% O +and O +82 O +. O +33 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +03 O +% O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Sheep O +blood O +agar O +, O +sheep O +blood O +agar O +with O +gentamicin B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +( O +gentamicin B-Chemical +agar O +) O +, O +and O +mouse O +inoculation O +with O +4 O +- O +h O +broth O +cultures O +were O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +gentamicin B-Chemical +agar O +, O +similar O +carrier O +rates O +were O +found O +for O +both O +culture O +sites O +( O +nasopharynx O +and O +throat O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Rapid O +method O +for O +determining O +nitrate B-Chemical +utilization O +by O +yeasts O +. O + +aps B-category +Intrarenal O +dynamics O +in O +the O +pathogenesis O +and O +prevention O +of O +acute O +urate B-Chemical +nephropathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Various O +prehyper O +uricemic O +conditions O +were O +established O +in O +five O +groups O +of O +animals O +: O +( O +a O +) O +normopenic O +Wistar O +rats O +given O +no O +pretreatment O +( O +Group O +I O +) O +; O +( O +b O +) O +Wistar O +rats O +given O +acetazolamide B-Chemical +, O +20 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +and O +isotonic O +NaHCO3 B-Chemical +to O +produce O +urine O +alkalinization O +( O +Group O +II O +) O +; O +( O +c O +) O +Wistar O +rats O +in O +which O +a O +moderate O +diuresis O +, O +similar O +to O +that O +observed O +in O +Group O +II O +but O +without O +urine O +alkalinization O +, O +was O +induced O +with O +furosemide B-Chemical +, O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +( O +Group O +III O +) O +; O +( O +d O +) O +Wistar O +rats O +in O +which O +a O +high O +- O +flow O +solute O +diuresis O +was O +induced O +with O +furosemide B-Chemical +, O +15 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +( O +Group O +IV O +) O +; O +( O +e O +) O +Brattleboro O +rats O +, O +homozygous O +for O +pituitary O +diabetes O +insipidus O +, O +that O +had O +a O +spontaneous O +high O +- O +flow O +water O +diuresis O +( O +Group O +V O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Moderate O +amounts O +of O +urate B-Chemical +were O +seen O +in O +the O +kidneys O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +new O +type O +of O +enzyme O +hydrolyzing O +the O +elastase O +substrate O +succinyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nitroanilide I-Chemical +has O +been O +found O +in O +cell O +- O +free O +rheuma O +todi O +synovial O +fluid O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +placebo O +prescreening O +, O +14 O +subjects O +with O +diagnoses O +of O +anxiety O +recieved O +3 O +to O +6 O +mg O +lorazepam B-Chemical +daily O +for O +four O +weeks O +, O +while O +14 O +control O +subjects O +received O +placebo O +. O + +aps B-category +Metabolic O +studies O +in O +patients O +with O +nadolol B-Chemical +: O +oral O +and O +intravenous O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +Calculations O +of O +absorption O +, O +based O +on O +urinary O +excretion O +and O +on O +areas O +under O +the O +plasma O +concentration O +- O +versus O +- O +time O +curves O +, O +indicated O +that O +oral O +doses O +of O +nadolol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +14C I-Chemical +were O +absorbed O +to O +the O +extent O +of O +33 O +. O +6 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +4 O +per O +cent O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +S O +. O +E O +. O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +triazolam B-Chemical +, O +flurazepam B-Chemical +, O +and O +placebo O +as O +hypnotics O +in O +geriatric O +patients O +with O +insomnia O +. O + +aps B-category +Triazolam B-Chemical +was O +found O +to O +be O +significantly O +better O +than O +placebo O +in O +how O +much O +the O +medication O +helped O +the O +patients O +sleep O +, O +in O +sleep O +onset O +, O +in O +duration O +of O +sleep O +, O +number O +of O +nighttime O +awakenings O +, O +in O +quality O +( O +depth O +) O +of O +sleep O +, O +and O +in O +feeling O +of O +restfulness O +in O +the O +morning O +. O + +aps B-category +Energy O +phosphate B-Chemical +turnover O +and O +glycolysis O +in O +skeletal O +muscle O +of O +the O +Pietrain O +pig O +: O +the O +effects O +of O +premedication O +with O +azaperone O +and O +pentobarbitone O +anaesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +suggest O +a O +solution O +to O +" O +Nesbitt O +' O +s O +paradox O +, O +" O +which O +has O +reference O +to O +the O +fact O +that O +while O +nicotine B-Chemical +is O +a O +central O +adrenergic O +stimulant O +, O +smokers O +describe O +the O +effect O +of O +smoking B-Chemical +in O +sedational O +terms O +( O +i O +. O +e O +. O +, O +as O +relaxing O +or O +calming O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Relevant O +types O +include O +narcotic O +analgesics O +, O +sedatives O +and O +hypnotics O +, O +antipsychotics O +, O +antianxiety O +drugs O +, O +antidepressants B-Chemical +, O +psychomotor O +stimulating O +agents O +, O +caffeine B-Chemical +, O +the O +antihistamines O +, O +estrogen B-Chemical +and O +progestins B-Chemical +, O +vitamins O +, O +disulfiram B-Chemical +, O +and O +illicit O +drugs O +and O +chemicals O +. O + +aps B-category +Citrate B-Chemical +buffer O +- O +eluted O +anti O +- O +BSA O +antibody O +was O +reactive O +in O +immunodiffusion O +, O +immunofluorescence O +, O +and O +radiolabeled O +BSA O +binding O +test O +systems O +, O +but O +complement O +fixation O +was O +impaired O +relative O +to O +chaotropic O +ion O +- O +eluted O +antibody O +. O + +aps B-category +Fifteen O +patients O +with O +aplastic O +anemia O +and O +13 O +with O +acute O +leukemia O +were O +studied O +36 O +to O +1547 O +days O +after O +treatment O +with O +high O +- O +dose O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +and O +/ O +or O +total O +- O +body O +irradiation O +and O +marrow O +transplantation O +from O +HLA O +identical O +siblings O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +soluble O +fraction O +of O +cultured O +cell O +homogenates O +had O +no O +peroxidase O +activity O +, O +but O +the O +two O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +bands O +coincided O +exactly O +with O +the O +two O +dopa O +oxidase O +bands O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +extracts O +were O +subjected O +to O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +fractionation O +and O +to O +affinity O +and O +ion O +exchange O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +Yeast O +ribonucleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +is O +degraded O +exonucleolytically O +by O +2 O +fractions O +( O +I O +, O +A O +) O +and O +endonucleolytically O +by O +the O +remaining O +7 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +second O +membrane O +fraction O +differed O +chemically O +from O +the O +first O +fraction O +and O +represents O +the O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +component O +of O +the O +outer O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Molecular O +mechanism O +of O +enzymic O +cleavage O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +side O +chain O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Mechanism O +by O +which O +neutral O +phosphate B-Chemical +infusion O +elevates O +urine O +PCO2 O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +paper O +examines O +the O +physiologic O +process O +by O +which O +phosphate B-Chemical +elevates O +the O +urine O +PCO2 O +in O +the O +dog O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +phosphate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +elevation O +of O +urine O +PCO2 O +was O +abolished O +by O +carbonic O +anhydrase O +infusion O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +acid O +phosphate B-Chemical +infusion O +did O +not O +result O +in O +an O +elevated O +urine O +PCO2 O +, O +it O +is O +unlikely O +that O +changes O +in O +the O +medullary O +PCO2 O +occur O +as O +a O +ry O +an O +increase O +in O +net O +acid O +excretion O +, O +indicating O +an O +increase O +in O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +secretion O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +suggest O +that O +the O +phosphate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +rise O +in O +urine O +PCO2 O +is O +due O +to O +the O +buffer O +properties O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +rather O +than O +to O +its O +nonreabsorable O +anion O +characteristics O +. O + +aps B-category +Use O +of O +a O +competitive O +protein O +- O +binding O +assay O +for O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +for O +the O +study O +of O +bovine O +corpus O +luteum O +adenylate O +cyclase O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Exposure O +of O +the O +cell O +to O +saline O +equilibrated O +with O +2 O +- O +5 O +% O +CO2 O +greatly O +reduced O +the O +pHi O +decrease O +caused O +by O +calcium B-Chemical +injection O +but O +had O +only O +small O +effects O +on O +the O +membrane O +potential O +response O +. O + +aps B-category +Intestinal O +brush O +- O +border O +sucrase O +: O +pH O +- O +dependent O +effects O +of O +harmaline O +and O +alkali B-Chemical +metal O +ions O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +e O +. O +p O +. O +p O +. O +s O +of O +normal O +quantral O +content O +or O +in O +solutions O +in O +which O +the O +calcium B-Chemical +concentration O +was O +lowered O +, O +growth O +patterns O +were O +occasionally O +reasonably O +close O +to O +those O +predicted O +by O +the O +arithmetic O +model O +but O +there O +was O +always O +some O +degree O +of O +disparity O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +method O +of O +early O +diagnosis O +, O +arteriography O +makes O +it O +possible O +to O +institute O +treatment O +before O +the O +lesions O +reach O +a O +stage O +at O +which O +they O +must O +inevitably O +develop O +either O +into O +aneurysms O +or O +lead B-Chemical +to O +obstruction O +with O +distal O +ischaemia O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +now O +prepared O +some O +2 O +- O +nitro O +- O +1H O +- O +imidazoles O +in O +which O +the O +5 O +- O +vinyl O +chain O +bears O +selected O +functional O +groups O +( O +CHO O +, O +COCH3 O +, O +NO2 O +) O +as O +well O +as O +nitrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +condensation I-Chemical +derivatives O +of O +the O +carbonyl O +functions O +. O + +aps B-category +Nine O +N O +- O +CH3 O +derivatives O +and O +their O +corresponding O +N O +- O +cyclopropylmethyl O +counterparts O +were O +prepared O +and O +studied O +in O +the O +mouse O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +induced O +writhing O +and O +rat O +phenazocine O +antagonism O +tests O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +basis O +of O +these O +pharmacological O +results O +, O +coupled O +with O +NMR O +spectral O +data O +, O +it O +appears O +that O +the O +previous O +suggestion O +that O +aryloxypropanolamines O +interact O +with O +beta O +- O +adrenocreceptors O +as O +a O +consequence O +of O +their O +ability O +to O +assume O +an O +orientation O +in O +which O +the O +benzene B-Chemical +ring O +the O +ethanolamine O +moieties O +can O +be O +superimposed O +on O +those O +of O +corresponding O +adrenergic O +phenylethanolamines O +is O +invalid O +. O + +aps B-category +1 O +- O +Substituted O +ureidophenoxy B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propanols I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +All O +strains O +tested O +remained O +very O +sensitive O +to O +benzylpenicillin B-Chemical +and O +cephaloridine O +, O +but O +59 O +. O +8 O +% O +of O +strains O +were O +resistant O +to O +tetracycline B-Chemical +and O +44 O +. O +7 O +% O +to O +chloramphenicol B-Chemical +, O +and O +about O +90 O +% O +of O +chloramphenicol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +strains O +were O +also O +resistant O +to O +tetracycline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Cross O +- O +resistance O +between O +tetracycline B-Chemical +and O +doxycycline O +or O +chloramphenicol B-Chemical +and O +thiamphenicol O +was O +observed O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Resistance O +mechanism O +of O +chloramphenicol B-Chemical +in O +Streptococcus O +haemolyticus O +, O +Streptococcus O +pneumoniae O +and O +Streptococcus O +faecalis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inactivated O +products O +of O +chloramphenicol B-Chemical +were O +identified O +as O +1 O +- O +acetoxy O +, O +3 O +- O +acetoxy O +and O +1 O +, O +3 O +- O +diacetoxy O +derivatives O +by O +thin O +- O +layer O +chromatography O +and O +infrared O +spectroscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +partially O +purified O +by O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +precipitation O +, O +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +chromatography O +and O +gel O +filtration O +on O +Sephadex O +G O +- O +150 O +. O + +aps B-category +NAD O +- O +DH O +is O +absent O +from O +the O +cells O +cultivated O +on O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +and O +is O +induced O +with O +growth O +on O +a O +medium O +containing O +methanol O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Properties O +of O +the O +hexulose O +phosphate B-Chemical +synthase O +of O +methylotrophic O +yeasts O +and O +bacteria O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +alkaline O +milieu O +surrounding O +epithelial O +surfaces O +produces O +cell O +proliferation O +and O +a O +marked O +increase O +in O +mitotic O +activity O +which O +may O +eventually O +lead B-Chemical +to O +metaplasia O +and O +neoplasia O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +trial O +performed O +in O +two O +centres O +, O +67 O +outpatients O +with O +endoscopically O +confirmed O +duodenal O +( O +55 O +) O +or O +pyloric O +canal O +( O +12 O +) O +ulcers O +received O +cimetidine B-Chemical +( O +34 O +patients O +) O +or O +placebo O +( O +33 O +patients O +) O +for O +six O +weeks O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +characteristics O +of O +3H O +- O +DA O +release O +from O +striatal O +slices O +by O +electrical O +stimulation O +were O +analyzed O +and O +the O +effects O +of O +a O +number O +of O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +thereon O +were O +examined O +under O +different O +experimental O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +, O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +and O +fluphenazine B-Chemical +, O +were O +much O +less O +effective O +in O +this O +respect O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +action O +of O +1 O +micronM O +haloperidol B-Chemical +on O +3H O +- O +DA O +release O +could O +be O +blocked O +by O +10 O +micronM O +cocaine B-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +with O +1 O +micronM O +apomorphine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +, O +particularly O +the O +butyrophenones O +may O +have O +presynaptic O +effects O +not O +related O +to O +interaction O +with O +DA O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +AChE O +identification O +together O +with O +autoradiographic O +tracing O +of O +glycine B-Chemical +showed O +that O +large O +cholinergic O +motoneurons O +are O +accompanied O +by O +small O +glycine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +accumulating I-Chemical +neurons O +with O +short O +processes O +which O +form O +axo O +- O +somatic O +and O +axo O +- O +dendritic O +contacts O +with O +large O +neurons O +. O + +aps B-category +Blockade O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +receptors O +in O +the O +central O +nervous O +system O +by O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +antagonists O +. O + +aps B-category +Phenobarbital B-Chemical +, O +phenytoin B-Chemical +, O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +, O +primidone O +, O +and O +ethosuximide B-Chemical +were O +measured O +in O +saliva O +and O +plasma O +obtained O +simultaneoulsy O +from O +115 O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Expressed O +as O +percent O +of O +total O +plasma O +drug O +, O +the O +salivary O +( O +S O +) O +and O +plasma O +free O +( O +P O +) O +concentrations O +were O +: O +phenytoin B-Chemical +, O +S O +11 O +. O +1 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +0 O +percent O +( O +mean O ++ O +/ O +- O +SD O +) O +, O +P O +10 O +. O +1 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +4 O +percent O +( O +r O += O +0 O +. O +97 O +) O +; O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +, O +S O +26 O +. O +0 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +4 O +percent O +, O +P O +25 O +. O +9 O ++ O +/ O +- O +3 O +. O +4 O +percent O +( O +r O += O +0 O +. O +97 O +) O +; O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +, O +S O +43 O +. O +1 O ++ O +/ O +- O +5 O +. O +2 O +percent O +, O +P O +40 O +. O +8 O ++ O +/ O +- O +7 O +. O +9 O +percent O +( O +r O += O +0 O +. O +91 O +) O +; O +primidone O +, O +S O +75 O +. O +4 O ++ O +/ O +- O +24 O +. O +9 O +percent O +, O +P O +66 O +. O +4 O ++ O +/ O +- O +8 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Citrate B-Chemical +had O +no O +effect O +at O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +, O +but O +did O +inhibit O +at O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +M O +. O +The O +latter O +effect O +is O +probably O +due O +to O +calcium B-Chemical +binding O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Activity O +and O +isoenzymes O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ketoglutarate I-Chemical +transaminase O +in O +the O +liver O +cytostructures O +of O +rats O +with O +alloxan O +diabetes O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Adenyl O +cyclase O +and O +adenosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +phosphodiesteraze O +: O +their O +nature O +, O +properties O +and O +regulation O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Chemiluminescence O +of O +the O +blood O +serum O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +divalent O +iron B-Chemical +salts O +] O +. 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O + +aps B-category +After O +withdrawal O +all O +patients O +taking O +clonidine B-Chemical +showed O +a O +considerable O +increase O +in O +heart O +rate O +and O +blood O +pressure O +with O +intense O +ectopic O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Methyldopa B-Chemical +and O +, O +especially O +, O +beta O +- O +blocking O +drugs O +are O +less O +likely O +to O +produce O +withdrawal O +reactions O +than O +clonidine B-Chemical +or O +the O +postganglionic O +neurone O +- O +blocking O +drugs O +, O +and O +patients O +taking O +these O +drugs O +are O +therefore O +less O +likely O +to O +suffer O +violent O +reactions O +if O +they O +forget O +to O +take O +their O +tablets O +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulation O +of O +cyclic O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +in O +chick O +cerebral O +hemisphere O +slices O +: O +effects O +of O +H1 O +and O +H2 O +histaminergic O +agonists O +and O +antagonists O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +stibogluconate O +, O +metronidazole B-Chemical +and O +dehydroemetine O +Roche O +were O +tested O +for O +their O +in O +vitro O +action O +on O +the O +mobility O +, O +morphology O +and O +survival O +of O +promastigotes O +of O +Leishmania O +donovani O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +both O +metronidazole B-Chemical +and O +dehydroemetine O +Roche O +at O +low O +concentrations O +were O +highly O +effective O +in O +the O +prevention O +of O +promastigotes O +of O +L O +. O +donovani O +growth O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +of O +the O +five O +men O +had O +a O +history O +of O +chronic O +alcohol B-Chemical +abuse O +and O +symptoms O +of O +depression O +. O + +aps B-category +Multi O +- O +clinic O +cross O +- O +over O +comparison O +of O +triazolam B-Chemical +( O +Halcion O +) O +and O +placebo O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +co O +- O +existing O +insomnia O +and O +anxiety O +in O +anxious O +out O +- O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +patients O +dropped O +out O +, O +two O +on O +placebo O +( O +one O +for O +side O +effects O +and O +one O +for O +lack O +of O +efficacy O +) O +and O +one O +on O +triazolam B-Chemical +( O +due O +to O +misunderstanding O +instructions O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Analysis O +of O +antianxiety O +efficacy O +showed O +that O +triazolam B-Chemical +was O +superior O +to O +placebo O +( O +p O +less O +than O +. O +001 O +) O +in O +all O +parameters O +, O +both O +physician O +' O +s O +and O +self O +ratings O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +side O +effects O +or O +abnormal O +laboratory O +values O +of O +significance O +were O +attributable O +to O +triazolam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Phenytoin B-Chemical +, O +in O +particular O +, O +is O +vulnerable O +because O +its O +metabolism O +is O +dose O +- O +related O +and O +at O +therapeutic O +serum O +levels O +the O +enzyme O +system O +involved O +in O +its O +degradation O +is O +easily O +inhibited O +by O +concurrent O +drug O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +Feedback O +regulation O +and O +male O +puberty O +: O +testosterone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +luteinizing I-Chemical +hormone O +relationships O +in O +the O +developing O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +examine O +the O +direct O +effects O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +on O +renin O +release O +, O +the O +in O +vitro O +rat O +kidney O +slice O +system O +, O +devoid O +of O +hemodynamic O +and O +humoral O +effects O +, O +was O +chosen O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +monoamine O +oxidase O +inhibitor O +, O +pheniprazine O +( O +1 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +was O +added O +, O +significant O +, O +dose O +- O +related O +stimulation O +of O +renin O +release O +was O +observed O +with O +10 O +( O +- O +8 O +) O +M O +and O +higher O +concentrations O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +presence O +of O +the O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +antagonist O +, O +propranolol B-Chemical +( O +2 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +) O +completely O +inhibited O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +renin O +release O +. 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O + +aps B-category +These O +numbers O +were O +determined O +from O +equilibrium O +centrifugations O +in O +the O +analytical O +ultracentrifuge O +, O +from O +dodecylsulphate O +gel O +electrophoresis O +and O +from O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +analysis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +shows O +some O +activity O +towards O +deoxyuridine O +and O +thymidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +exchange O +reaction O +of O +peptides O +R B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +with O +D O +- O +[ O +14C O +] O +alanine B-Chemical +to O +R O +- O +D O +- O +alanyl O +- O +D O +- O +[ O +14C O +] O +alanine B-Chemical +and O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +, O +catalysed O +by O +the O +membranes O +of O +Streptococcus O +faecalis O +ATCC O +9790 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +metabolic O +pathway O +of O +Pinazepam O +and O +Diazepam B-Chemical +in O +vitro O +was O +studied O +with O +rat O +, O +guinea O +pig O +and O +dog O +liver O +microsomes O +using O +a O +chromatographic O +and O +spectrophotometric O +technique O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +oxazepam B-Chemical +was O +found O +when O +Pinazepam O +and O +Diazepam B-Chemical +were O +incubated O +with O +liver O +microsomes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +lanthanide O +- O +sensitive O +calcium B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +porter O +of O +rat O +liver O +mitochondria O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +available O +evidence O +, O +however O +, O +does O +not O +prove O +this O +hypothesis O +but O +does O +confer O +on O +histamine B-Chemical +a O +role O +in O +the O +regulation O +of O +acid O +secretion O +in O +normal O +physiology O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +addition O +of O +wrought O +gold B-Chemical +clasps O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Assignment O +of O +the O +separate O +peaks O +in O +the O +spectrum O +of O +the O +Con O +A O +- O +Co2 O ++ O +- O +Ca2 O ++ O +complex O +and O +of O +the O +Con O +A O +- O +Zn2 O ++ O +- O +Ca2 O ++ O +complex O +, O +to O +particular O +histidines O +in O +the O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +sequence O +of O +Con O +A O +then O +follows O +. O + +aps B-category +Bovine O +adrenal O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +: O +purification O +and O +properties O +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +- O +gel O +electrophoresis O +and O +density O +gradient O +centrifugation O +studies O +have O +established O +that O +the O +subunit O +molecular O +weight O +of O +the O +chymotrypsin O +- O +solubilized O +enzyme O +is O +34 O +, O +000 O +. O + +aps B-category +Crude O +particulate O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +can O +be O +activated O +by O +the O +phospholipid O +, O +phosphatidyl O +- O +L O +- O +serine O +, O +or O +by O +exposure O +to O +enzymatic O +phosphorylating O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +that O +has O +been O +solubilized O +by O +chymotrypsin O +cannot O +be O +activated O +by O +either O +of O +these O +methods O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +isolated O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +5 O +- O +methyl O +ester O +from O +an O +Escherichia O +coli O +protein O +that O +is O +involved O +in O +chemotaxis O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +of O +the O +products O +was O +[ O +methyl O +- O +3H O +] O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +5 O +- O +methyl O +ester O +, O +identified O +by O +comparison O +with O +an O +authentic O +sample O +in O +the O +following O +studies O +: O +( O +a O +) O +chromatography O +on O +an O +automatic O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +analyzer O +, O +( O +b O +) O +chromatography O +on O +paper O +in O +two O +solvent O +systems O +, O +( O +c O +) O +chromatography O +on O +paper O +of O +the O +N O +- O +acetyl O +derivatives O +, O +and O +( O +d O +) O +stability O +of O +the O +ester O +bond O +to O +various O +pH O +conditions O +. 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O +5 O +to O +8 O +. O +0 O +, O +and O +its O +optimum O +temperature O +40degrees O +although O +, O +at O +this O +temperature O +, O +it O +is O +rapidly O +denatured O +; O +even O +low O +NaCl B-Chemical +concentrations O +inhibit O +the O +enzyme O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Cytosol O +from O +the O +rat O +preputial O +gland O +has O +been O +shown O +to O +contain O +a O +protein O +which O +binds O +both O +estrone O +and O +estradiol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +association O +constant O +for O +estrone O +as O +determined O +by O +equilibrium O +dialysis O +was O +1 O +. O +2 O +X O +10 O +( O +7 O +) O +M O +- O +1 O +, O +while O +that O +for O +17beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +estradiol I-Chemical +was O +3 O +. O +3 O +X O +10 O +( O +6 O +) O +M O +- O +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purified O +preparations O +consisted O +mainly O +of O +chitin O +synthetase O +particles O +( O +chitosomes O +) O +with O +an O +average O +size O +larger O +than O +7 O +X O +10 O +( O +6 O +) O +daltons O +( O +by O +gel O +filtration O +) O +and O +an O +average O +sedimentation O +coefficient O +of O +105 O +S O +. O +The O +samples O +also O +contained O +other O +enzyme O +complexes O +( O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthetase O +, O +pyruvate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +, O +and O +, O +depending O +on O +method O +, O +ribosomes O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +has O +a O +pH O +optimum O +of O +6 O +. O +0 O +, O +is O +highly O +specific O +for O +ATP O +( O +hydrolyzing O +other O +nucleoside B-Chemical +triphosphates O +less O +than O +6 O +% O +as O +rapidly O +) O +, O +requires O +Mg2 O ++ O +at O +concentrations O +approximately O +equimolar O +to O +the O +concentration O +of O +ATP O +, O +is O +weakly O +stimulated O +by O +certain O +monovalent O +cations O +( O +K O ++ O +and O +NH4 O ++ O +) O +and O +anions O +( O +SCN O +- O +and O +acetate O +) O +, O +is O +inhibited O +by O +N O +, O +N O +' O +- O +dicyclohexylcarbodiimide O +, O +but O +is O +not O +affected O +by O +oligomycin O +or O +ouabain B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +macromolecular O +binder O +of O +folic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +folic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +derivatives O +has O +been O +identified O +in O +the O +particulate O +fraction O +of O +homogenates O +of O +rabbit O +choroid O +plexus O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +molecular O +weight O +of O +the O +folate B-Chemical +binder O +complex O +, O +separated O +from O +the O +particulate O +fraction O +after O +solubilization O +with O +Triton O +X O +- O +100 O +, O +was O +340 O +, O +000 O +to O +400 O +, O +000 O +by O +Sephadex O +gel O +filtration O +. O + +aps B-category +Folic O +acid O +, O +homofolic O +acid O +, O +5 O +- O +methyltetrahydrofolic O +acid O +, O +and O +to O +a O +lesser O +degree O +, O +methotrexate B-Chemical +, O +inhibited O +the O +binding O +of O +both O +[ O +3H O +] O +folic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +[ O +14C O +] O +methyltetrahydrofolic O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +high O +affinity O +binder O +of O +folates O +may O +be O +responsible O +, O +in O +part O +, O +for O +the O +rapid O +, O +saturable O +uptake O +of O +folic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +methyltetrahydrofolic O +acid O +by O +rabbit O +choroid O +plexus O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +Thermus O +aquaticus O +, O +and O +has O +been O +purified O +to O +homogeneity O +as O +judged O +by O +disc O +acrylamide O +electrophoresis O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +Nucleotides O +such O +as O +AMP O +, O +ADP O +, O +and O +ATP O +also O +inhibited O +both O +esterase O +activities O +as O +did O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +1 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +and O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sodium I-Chemical +glycerol O +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +mechanism O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +reductive O +amination O +of O +alpha O +- O +ketoglutarate O +catalyzed O +by O +glutamate B-Chemical +synthase O +. O + +aps B-category +Rabbits O +were O +immunized O +by O +the O +intravenous O +and O +intramuscular O +routes O +with O +catalase O +modified O +by O +covalent O +attachment O +of O +PEG O +- O +1900 O +to O +43 O +% O +of O +the O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +( O +PEG O +- O +1900 O +- O +catalase O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Those O +( O +N O +- O +29 O +) O +examined O +by O +labeling O +with O +[ O +14C O +] O +diisopropyl O +phosphorofluoridate O +( O +iPr2P O +- O +F O +) O +and O +electrophoresing O +in O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +( O +SDS O +) O +- O +polyacrylamide O +gels O +were O +found O +to O +contain O +only O +( O +N O += O +4 O +) O +or O +predominantly O +alpha O +- O +thrombin O +( O +97 O ++ O +/ O +- O +3 O +% O +) O +and O +corresponding O +amounts O +of O +ists O +degradation O +product O +, O +beta O +- O +thrombin O +( O +2 O +. O +6 O ++ O +/ O +- O +3 O +. O +1 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +lysolecithin O +and O +hexadecyltrimethylammonium O +bromide B-Chemical +on O +the O +structure O +and O +stability O +of O +apoA O +- O +II O +from O +human O +high O +density O +lipoprotein O +have O +been O +evalued O +by O +circular O +dichroism O +and O +fluorescence O +measurements O +. O + +aps B-category +Acidic O +dissociation O +constants O +of O +folic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +dihydrofolic O +acid O +, O +and O +methotrexate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +For O +folic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +the O +dissociation O +constants O +are O +as O +follows O +: O +N O +( O +1 O +) O +, O +pK O +' O +2 O +. O +35 O +; O +N O +( O +10 O +) O +, O +pK O +' O +0 O +. O +20 O +; O +N O +( O +5 O +) O +, O +pK O +' O +greater O +than O +- O +1 O +. O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pK O +' O +values O +were O +determined O +directly O +for O +the O +four O +compounds O +at O +25 O +degrees O +near O +0 O +. O +1 O +ionic O +strength O +, O +or O +in O +0 O +. O +1 O +to O +4 O +M O +HCl O +for O +pK O +ln O +0 O +. O +1 O +M O +NaCl B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +One O +of O +the O +cyclic B-Chemical +nucleotide I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +independent I-Chemical +protein O +kinase O +catalyzes O +the O +phosphorylation O +of O +two O +different O +factors O +involved O +in O +the O +initiation O +of O +hemoglobin O +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Identification O +of O +essential O +arginine O +residues O +in O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +from O +Leuconostoc O +mesenteroides O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +folate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +protein O +has O +been O +solubilized O +from O +Lactobacillus O +casei O +by O +treatment O +of O +membrane O +preparations O +with O +Triton O +X O +- O +100 O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +folate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +When O +subjected O +to O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +/ O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +, O +the O +purified O +preparations O +showed O +only O +a O +single O +, O +protein O +- O +staining O +band O +whose O +molecular O +weight O +was O +25 O +, O +000 O +. O + +aps B-category +Analyses O +of O +the O +protein O +revealed O +relatively O +few O +charged O +or O +polar O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +an O +unusually O +high O +content O +of O +hydrophobic O +residues O +and O +methionine B-Chemical +, O +and O +the O +absence O +of O +cysteine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Bound O +folate B-Chemical +was O +retained O +when O +the O +micelle O +was O +exposed O +at O +4 O +degrees O +to O +solutions O +whose O +pH O +values O +ranged O +between O +3 O +and O +12 O +; O +at O +23 O +degrees O +, O +however O +, O +stability O +was O +decreased O +, O +especially O +above O +pH O +8 O +. O + +aps B-category +Purification O +and O +properties O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +aldehyde B-Chemical +reductase O +from O +human O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +is O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +, O +prefers O +aromatic O +to O +aliphatic O +aldehydes O +as O +substrates O +, O +and O +is O +inhibited O +by O +barbiturates O +and O +hydantoins O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +molecule O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +binds O +to O +the O +enzyme O +causing O +a O +red O +shift O +of O +the O +coenzyme O +absorption O +maximum O +from O +340 O +to O +352 O +nm O +. O + +aps B-category +Combination O +of O +the O +most O +reactive O +thiol B-Chemical +group O +with O +p O +- O +mercuribenzoate O +does O +not O +cause O +loss O +of O +catalytic O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +presence O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +or O +NADP O ++ O +prevents O +loss O +of O +activity O +by O +thiol B-Chemical +modification O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purified O +transferase O +has O +a O +pH O +optimum O +of O +7 O +. O +75 O +and O +requires O +200 O +mM O +NaCl B-Chemical +for O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +rabbit O +heart O +homogenates O +about O +50 O +% O +of O +the O +cAMP B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +protein O +kinase O +activity O +was O +associated O +with O +the O +low O +speed O +particulate O +fraction O +. O + +aps B-category +Omitting O +NaCl B-Chemical +reduced O +the O +amount O +of O +particulate O +- O +bound O +cAMP B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amount O +of O +cAMP B-Chemical +in O +the O +particulate O +fraction O +( O +0 O +. O +16 O +nmol O +/ O +g O +of O +tissue O +) O +was O +approximately O +one O +- O +half O +the O +amount O +of O +the O +regulatory O +subunit O +monomer O +( O +0 O +. O +31 O +nmol O +/ O +g O +of O +tissue O +) O +in O +this O +fraction O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cAMP B-Chemical +level O +was O +increased O +more O +in O +the O +supernatant O +fraction O +, O +possibly O +because O +the O +cAMP B-Chemical +level O +became O +saturating O +for O +the O +regulatory O +subunit O +in O +the O +particulate O +fraction O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +catalytic O +subunit O +translocation O +could O +be O +mimicked O +by O +addition O +of O +cAMP B-Chemical +to O +homogenates O +before O +centrifugation O +. O + +aps B-category +Interaction O +of O +glucocorticoid O +hormones O +and O +cyclic O +nucleotides O +in O +induction O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +in O +cultured O +hepatoma O +cells O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Methods O +for O +measurements O +of O +catabolic O +reduction O +charge O +( O +defined O +as O +NADH O +/ O +( O +NADH O ++ O +NAD O ++ O +) O +) O +and O +anabolic O +reduction O +charge O +( O +defined O +as O +NADPH B-Chemical +/ O +( O +NADPH B-Chemical ++ O +NADP O ++ O +) O +) O +are O +described O +using O +[ O +14C O +] O +nicotinamide O +labeling O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +cultures O +. O + +aps B-category +Manganese O +- O +and O +magnesium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +activities O +of O +soluble O +and O +particulate O +guanylate O +cyclase O +from O +sheep O +kidney O +outer O +medulla O +. O + +aps B-category +Purification O +and O +properties O +of O +a O +protein O +required O +for O +sodium B-Chemical +azide O +activation O +of O +guanylate O +cyclase O +. O + +aps B-category +Incorporation O +of O +BrdU O +was O +found O +to O +inhibit O +the O +induction O +of O +both O +TAT O +and O +PEP O +carboxykinase O +by O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +and O +to O +enhance O +the O +inhibition O +of O +cell O +growth O +by O +this O +steroid B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +urinary O +excretion O +of O +the O +renal O +proximal O +tubular O +enzyme O +, O +gamma O +- O +glutamyltransferase O +( O +gamma O +- O +GT O +) O +, O +has O +been O +studied O +in O +41 O +patients O +receiving O +tobramycin B-Chemical +, O +gentamicin B-Chemical +or O +streptomycin B-Chemical +for O +a O +variety O +of O +infections O +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +46 O +% O +of O +those O +receiving O +streptomycin B-Chemical +have O +shown O +an O +increase O +in O +gamma O +- O +GT O +excretion O +and O +this O +is O +of O +a O +lesser O +degree O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +degree O +of O +elevation O +of O +urinary O +gamma O +- O +GT O +activity O +was O +greater O +when O +the O +initial O +creatinine B-Chemical +clearance O +was O +lower O +, O +and O +it O +is O +therefore O +suggested O +that O +those O +patients O +with O +pre O +- O +existing O +renal O +dysfunction O +should O +be O +monitored O +particularly O +carefully O +for O +signs O +of O +nephrotoxicity O +from O +these O +antibiotics O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +studies O +on O +the O +mechanism O +of O +human O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +asthma O +: O +the O +effect O +of O +an O +aerosolized O +H1 O +receptor O +antagonist O +( O +diphenhydramine B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Histamine B-Chemical +challenges O +were O +performed O +on O +a O +heterogeneous O +group O +of O +adult O +asthmatic O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +pretreatment O +with O +an O +aerosolized O +H1 O +receptor O +antagonist O +, O +diphenhydramine B-Chemical +hydrochloride O +, O +was O +then O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +beta O +adrenergic O +agonist O +, O +prostaglandins B-Chemical +, O +and O +cortisol B-Chemical +on O +lymphocyte O +levels O +of O +cyclic B-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +monophosphate I-Chemical +and O +glycogen O +: O +abnormal O +lymphocytic O +metabolism O +in O +asthma O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +investigated O +adrenergic O +stimulation O +of O +glycogenolysis O +and O +responses O +to O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E1 I-Chemical +( O +PGE1 B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +PGE O +produced O +less O +of O +a O +rise O +in O +cAMP B-Chemical +in O +asthmatics O +than O +in O +normals O +, O +but O +the O +difference O +was O +not O +significant O +( O +p O +greater O +than O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +and O +glycogenolysis O +was O +normal O +. O + +aps B-category +as O +well O +as O +the O +pH O +and O +pCO O +and O +the O +maternal O +lactate B-Chemical +levels O +were O +not O +changed O +and O +that O +therefore O +changes O +that O +can O +be O +found O +in O +the O +fetus O +are O +due O +solely O +to O +its O +own O +hypoxia O +and O +not O +due O +to O +transmission O +from O +the O +mother O +. O + +aps B-category +Protein O +binding O +to O +monosodium O +urate B-Chemical +monohydrate O +, O +calcium B-Chemical +pyrophosphate O +dihydrate O +, O +and O +silicon O +dioxide O +crystals O +. O + +aps B-category +Immunoglobulin B-Chemical +G I-Chemical +( O +IgG O +) O +was O +adsorbed O +preferentially O +by O +MSU O +crystals O +from O +normal O +human O +serum O +and O +demonstrated O +high O +- O +affinity O +binding O +isotherms O +when O +compared O +with O +several O +isolated O +proteins O +in O +solution O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incorporation O +of O +[ O +U O +- O +( O +14 O +) O +C O +] O +glucose B-Chemical +into O +phosphatidylcholine O +and O +phosphatidylglycerol O +of O +the O +surfactant O +fraction O +and O +of O +the O +remaining O +lung O +tissue O +( O +residual O +fraction O +) O +was O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +Likewise O +, O +incorporation O +of O +[ O +U O +- O +( O +14 O +) O +C O +] O +glucose B-Chemical +into O +phosphatidylglycerol O +was O +increased O +22 O +and O +34 O +% O +into O +the O +surfactant O +and O +residual O +fractions O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +increase O +in O +the O +incorporation O +of O +[ O +U O +- O +( O +14 O +) O +C O +] O +glucose B-Chemical +into O +the O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +moieties O +of O +phosphatidylcholine O +was O +confirmed O +by O +an O +average O +increase O +of O +56 O +and O +77 O +% O +in O +the O +specific O +activity O +of O +palmitic O +acid O +isolated O +from O +phosphatidylcholine O +of O +the O +surfactant O +and O +residual O +fraction O +, O +respectively O +, O +as O +a O +result O +of O +increased O +CO O +( O +2 O +) O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +Lipoprotein O +lipase O +was O +assayed O +in O +extracts O +of O +acetone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ether I-Chemical +powders O +of O +rat O +skeletal O +muscles O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +minutes O +after O +intravenous O +injection O +of O +labeled O +lymph O +chylomicrons O +, O +skeletal O +muscles O +with O +predominantly O +red O +fibers O +incorporated O +several O +times O +more O +chylomicron O +triglyceride B-Chemical +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +than O +thos O +with O +predominantly O +white O +fibers O +. O + +aps B-category +Testosterone B-Chemical +induced O +typical O +male O +3alpha O +- O +HSDH O +activity O +in O +both O +gonadectomized O +and O +hypophysectomized O +rats O +of O +either O +sex O +. O + +aps B-category +Simultaneous O +administration O +of O +cyproterone B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +did O +not O +block O +the O +inductive O +action O +of O +5alpha O +- O +DHT O +. O + +aps B-category +Exchange O +diffusion O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +induced O +in O +planar O +lipid O +bilayer O +membranes O +by O +the O +ionophore O +X537A O +. O + +aps B-category +Dopamine B-Chemical +transport O +increases O +linearly O +with O +the O +ionophore O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +total O +dopamine B-Chemical +flux O +as O +determined O +in O +tracer O +experiments O +is O +not O +affected O +by O +an O +electric O +field O +and O +is O +over O +10 O +( O +5 O +) O +times O +larger O +than O +predicted O +from O +the O +estimated O +dopamine B-Chemical +conductance O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +saturation O +is O +relieved O +by O +trans O +addition O +of O +nonradioactive O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +tyramine O +, O +H O +( O ++ O +) O +, O +or O +K O +( O ++ O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Increasing O +H O +( O ++ O +) O +cis O +and O +trans O +decreases O +dopamine B-Chemical +transport O +. 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O + +aps B-category +An O +investigation O +of O +the O +thrombocytes O +adhesion O +after O +Hellem O +( O +1960 O +) O +showed O +that O +" O +in O +vitro O +" O +tests O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +, O +epinephrine B-Chemical +, O +histamine B-Chemical +, O +serotonin B-Chemical +and O +adenosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +diphosphate I-Chemical +, O +when O +used O +in O +doses O +of O +100 O +- O +25 O +, O +0 O +gamma O +/ O +ml O +, O +were O +capable O +of O +raising O +the O +thrombocytes O +adhesion O +, O +while O +heparin B-Chemical +administered O +in O +doses O +of O +0 O +. O +5 O +- O +0 O +. O +05 O +U O +/ O +ml O +depressed O +and O +in O +a O +dose O +of O +0 O +. O +025 O +U O +/ O +ml O +mildly O +activated O +this O +capacity O +of O +the O +thrombocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +Intravenous O +administration O +of O +serotonin B-Chemical +in O +a O +dose O +of O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +and O +of O +epinephrine B-Chemical +in O +an O +amount O +of O +0 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +6 O +Since O +Me O +454 O +, O +Me O +506 O +and O +fenoterol O +, O +which O +are O +trachea O +- O +atria O +selective O +, O +have O +effficacies O +equal O +to O +or O +greater O +than O +that O +of O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +, O +which O +is O +non O +- O +selective O +, O +it O +is O +concluded O +that O +low O +efficacy O +in O +a O +compound O +is O +not O +essential O +for O +it O +to O +show O +trachea O +- O +atria O +selectivity O +in O +vitro O +in O +guinea O +- O +pigs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +blockade O +on O +the O +development O +of O +deoxycorticosterone B-Chemical +acetate O +( O +DOCA B-Chemical +) O +hypertension O +in O +the O +dog O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +culture O +, O +in O +response O +to O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +, O +activities O +exceeded O +normal O +levels O +only O +in O +this O +small O +cell O +group O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Exchange O +broadening O +of O +the O +C O +- O +2 O +resonances O +of O +the O +active O +site O +histidines O +, O +12 O +and O +119 O +, O +occurs O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +suggesting O +an O +equilibrium O +between O +native O +and O +unfolded O +structures O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +levels O +of O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +in O +brain O +homogenates O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +B12 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deficient I-Chemical +rats O +have O +been O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +two O +major O +catabolic O +pathways O +of O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +e O +. O +g O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +acetyl O +cholinesterase O +and O +butiryl O +- O +cholinesterase O +markedly O +decreased O +in O +the O +plasma O +of O +the O +vitamin B-Chemical +B12 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deficient I-Chemical +rats O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Urease O +was O +present O +at O +a O +high O +level O +when O +the O +cells O +were O +starved O +for O +nitrogen B-Chemical +; O +its O +synthesis O +was O +repressed O +when O +the O +external O +ammonia B-Chemical +concentration O +was O +high O +. O + +aps B-category +Its O +synthesis O +was O +controlled O +by O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +the O +formation O +of O +urease O +is O +regulated O +like O +that O +of O +other O +enzymes O +of O +K O +. O +aerogenes O +capable O +of O +supplying O +the O +cell O +with O +ammonia B-Chemical +or O +glutamate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Rhodospirillum O +rubrum O +grew O +anaerobically O +in O +darkness O +and O +fermented O +sodium B-Chemical +pyruvate B-Chemical +by O +a O +pyruvate B-Chemical +formate O +- O +lyase O +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +Cell O +extracts O +also O +catalyzed O +the O +exchange O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +[ O +14C O +] O +formate O +into O +sodium B-Chemical +pyruvate B-Chemical +at O +an O +apparent O +pH O +optimum O +of O +7 O +. O +3 O +to O +7 O +. O +5 O +, O +but O +only O +about O +2 O +. O +5 O +micronmol O +of O +acetylphosphate O +was O +produced O +at O +this O +lower O +pH O +value O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +its O +participation O +in O +pyruvate B-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +anaerobic O +dark O +- O +grown O +cells O +was O +not O +understood O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +with O +H2 O +production O +by O +a O +light O +- O +dependent O +H2 O +- O +nitrogenase O +system O +in O +photosynthetically O +grown O +cells O +, O +H2 O +formation O +in O +fermenting O +R O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Modified O +GPD O +or O +MK O +had O +no O +affinity O +for O +AMP O +- O +Sepharose O +, O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +the O +native O +enzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +Stereochemical O +studies O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +incorporation O +from O +nucleotides O +with O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthetase O +from O +Brevibacterium O +ammoniagenes O +. O + +aps B-category +Fatty O +acids O +synthesized O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +D2O O +and O +stereospecifically O +deuterated O +NADPH B-Chemical +and O +NADH O +were O +isolated O +and O +analyzed O +by O +mass O +chromatography O +to O +examine O +the O +localization O +of O +deuterium O +in O +the O +molecule O +. O + +aps B-category +2 O +) O +HB O +hydrogen B-Chemical +of O +NADH O +was O +used O +for O +enoyl O +reductase O +. O + +aps B-category +4 O +) O +Hydrogen O +atoms O +from O +NADPH B-Chemical +was O +found O +on O +the O +odd O +- O +numbered O +methylene O +carbon B-Chemical +atoms O +( O +1 O +hydrogen B-Chemical +per O +carbon B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +exchange O +of O +HB O +hydrogen B-Chemical +of O +NADH O +with O +water O +catalyzed O +by O +enoyl O +reductase O +was O +suspected O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +order O +to O +obtain O +information O +on O +the O +nature O +of O +the O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +involved O +in O +the O +activity O +of O +ribonuclease O +U1 O +[ O +EC O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +4 O +. O +8 O +] O +, O +various O +chemical O +modifications O +of O +the O +enzyme O +were O +carried O +out O +. O + +aps B-category +capable O +of O +assimilating O +sodium B-Chemical +cyclamate O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Electrophoresis O +on O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +- O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +yielded O +a O +single O +stained O +protein O +band O +which O +corresponded O +to O +a O +subunit O +weight O +of O +80 O +, O +000 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amine B-Chemical +ceases O +to O +respond O +to O +pH O +changes O +when O +the O +pH O +of O +the O +external O +medium O +exceeds O +the O +value O +of O +10 O +, O +corresponsing O +to O +the O +pKa O +of O +9 O +- O +aminoacridine O +. O + +aps B-category +CDP O +- O +diglyceride O +: O +inositol B-Chemical +transferase O +from O +rat O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +molecular O +weight O +of O +the O +enzyme O +was O +estimated O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +- O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +to O +be O +60 O +, O +000 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +was O +inhibited O +by O +thiol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +reactive I-Chemical +reagents O +. O + +aps B-category +Characterization O +of O +the O +glutamine B-Chemical +site O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +guanosine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +synthetase O +. O + +aps B-category +Alkylation O +of O +GMP O +synthetase O +with O +iodacetamide O +selectively O +inactivated O +glutamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +GMP O +synthetase O +exhibits O +glutaminase O +activity O +when O +ATP O +is O +replaced O +by O +adenosine B-Chemical +plus O +PPi O +. O + +aps B-category +Analysis O +of O +pH O +versus O +velocity O +and O +Km O +data O +indicates O +that O +the O +amide O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +remains O +enzyme O +bound O +and O +does O +not O +mix O +with O +exogenous O +NH3 O +in O +the O +synthesis O +of O +GMP O +. O + +aps B-category +Modulation O +by O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +protein O +. 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O + +aps B-category +GTP O +is O +the O +most O +efficient O +substrate O +, O +with O +GDP O +being O +1 O +/ O +17 O +as O +active O +and O +guanosine B-Chemical +, O +GMP O +, O +and O +ATP O +being O +inactive O +. O + +aps B-category +Inducible O +membrane O +- O +bound O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +from O +Escherichia O +coli O +. O + +aps B-category +Prior O +administration O +of O +nerve O +growth O +factor O +in O +vivo O +, O +however O +, O +leads O +to O +an O +augmented O +synthesis O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +in O +ganglia O +subsequently O +cultured O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +actinomycin O +D O +or O +of O +nerve O +growth O +factor O +antibody O +in O +vivo O +prevented O +the O +nerve O +growth O +factor O +- O +induced O +increase O +in O +the O +differential O +rate O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +synthesis O +in O +vitro O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +obtained O +suggest O +that O +differences O +in O +antigenic O +properties O +of O +the O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +isoenzymes O +reflect O +those O +variations O +in O +their O +structure O +, O +which O +are O +expressed O +as O +various O +thermostability O +, O +sensitivity O +to O +proteolytic O +enzymes O +and O +substrate O +specificity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +prerequisites O +and O +kinetics O +of O +HLA O +- O +antibody O +- O +induced O +14C B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +serotonin I-Chemical +release O +from O +platelets O +were O +investigated O +with O +five O +HLA O +- O +specific O +antisera O +. O + +aps B-category +Based O +on O +these O +experiments O +, O +a O +standardized O +microtechnique O +of O +HLA O +- O +antibody O +- O +induced O +14C B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +serotonin I-Chemical +release O +is O +recommended O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Syntheses O +of O +virus O +- O +induced O +thymidine B-Chemical +kinase O +and O +viral O +DNA O +in O +herpes O +simplex O +type O +1 O +virus O +- O +infected O +chick O +embryo O +fibroblasts O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +cytosine B-Chemical +arabinoside I-Chemical +, O +thymidine B-Chemical +kinase O +synthesis O +was O +enhanced O +. O + +aps B-category +of O +0 O +. O +5 O +TCD50 O +/ O +cell O +, O +medium O +199 O +and O +22 O +to O +29 O +hours O +incubation O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +. O +The O +use O +of O +resting O +cultures O +or O +the O +presence O +of O +cytosine B-Chemical +arabinoside I-Chemical +in O +medium O +reduced O +the O +BA O +production O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +X14 O +virus O +- O +infected O +cells O +can O +carry O +out O +the O +biosynthesis O +of O +thymidylic O +acid O +utilizing O +some O +endogenous O +pyrimidine O +nucleotide B-Chemical +( O +e O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphatase I-Chemical +, O +5 O +' O +nucleotidase O +, O +esterase O +, O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +cytochrome O +C O +reductase O +decreased O +in O +activity O +by O +as O +much O +as O +50 O +% O +with O +respect O +to O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +Prostaglandin B-Chemical +E2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hemoglobin I-Chemical +AA O +and O +SS O +erythrocyte O +interaction O +( O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +erythrocyte I-Chemical +interaction O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Hb O +SS O +erythrocytes O +treated O +with O +PGE2 B-Chemical +did O +not O +exhibit O +accelerated O +sickling O +or O +increased O +formation O +of O +sickled O +echinocytes O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Vitamin O +K2 O +colonic O +and O +ileal O +in O +vivo O +absorption O +: O +bile O +, O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +and O +pH O +effects O +on O +transport O +. O + +aps B-category +Colonic O +menaquinone O +absorption O +decreased O +as O +the O +bile B-Chemical +salt I-Chemical +concentration O +was O +increased O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +observations O +indicate O +that O +the O +mammalian O +colon O +and O +terminal O +ileum O +can O +provide O +a O +constant O +source O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +K I-Chemical +to O +aid O +hemostasis O +despite O +episodic O +lack O +of O +dietary O +vitamin B-Chemical +K I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +study O +was O +conducted O +to O +explore O +influences O +modifying O +glucose B-Chemical +uptake O +in O +canine O +blood O +administered O +LD100 O +E O +. O +coli O +endotoxin O +. O + +aps B-category +Significant O +increases O +in O +glucose B-Chemical +uptake O +and O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +production O +, O +attributed O +to O +increased O +activity O +of O +the O +WBC O +, O +were O +observed O +1 O +- O +3 O +h O +after O +endotoxin O +was O +added O +to O +blood O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +Blood O +from O +dogs O +pretreated O +with O +sublethal O +doses O +of O +endotoxin O +in O +vivo O +utilized O +glucose B-Chemical +at O +an O +accelerated O +rate O +when O +subjected O +to O +endotoxin O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +venous O +ligation O +and O +subsequent O +blockade O +of O +alpha O +receptors O +on O +hindlimb O +venous O +pressure O +, O +vascular O +resistance O +, O +oxygen B-Chemical +extraction O +and O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +removal O +was O +evaluated O +in O +mongrel O +dogs O +with O +use O +of O +constant O +- O +flow O +perfusion O +of O +the O +extremity O +bed O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +blockade O +with O +Dibenzyline O +, O +limb O +volume O +increased O +and O +oxygen B-Chemical +extraction O +decreased O +below O +control O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Role O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +deficiency O +in O +the O +mechanism O +of O +the O +pain O +- O +relieving O +action O +of O +narcotic O +analgesics O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Spirometry O +was O +done O +before O +and O +three O +hours O +after O +administration O +of O +3 O +mg O +of O +carbuterol O +or O +35 O +mg O +of O +ephedrine B-Chemical +sulfate O +at O +intervals O +of O +two O +weeks O +and O +one O +, O +four O +and O +six O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +Theophylline B-Chemical +and O +derivatives O +of O +theophylline B-Chemical +are O +the O +second O +line O +of O +defense O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Toxico O +- O +pharmacological O +study O +of O +lyophilized O +sodium B-Chemical +nitroprusside I-Chemical +( O +SNP O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Hemodynamic O +effects O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +nitroprusside I-Chemical +used O +in O +controlled O +hypotension O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Use O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +nitroprusside I-Chemical +in O +cardiology O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +respect O +, O +SNP O +can O +be O +used O +effectively O +for O +severe O +cases O +of O +heart O +failure O +intractable O +to O +traditional O +cardio O +- O +stimulatory O +and O +diuretic B-Chemical +treatments O +and O +stemming O +from O +diverse O +causes O +: O +acute O +stage O +of O +myocardial O +infarction O +, O +ventricular O +dilatation O +, O +mitral O +papillary O +syndrome O +, O +heart O +failure O +, O +either O +subacute O +or O +chronic O +, O +of O +various O +causes O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Discussion O +on O +nitroprusside B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Magnesium B-Chemical +plays O +an O +essential O +role O +in O +the O +processes O +of O +myocardial O +contraction O +and O +conduction O +. O + +aps B-category +Hypomagnesaemia O +was O +seen O +in O +both O +groups O +after O +surgery O +but O +the O +provision O +of O +magnesium B-Chemical +supplements O +shortened O +the O +duration O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Two O +protocols O +were O +used O +for O +study O +: O +25 O +anaesthetics O +were O +given O +with O +Etomidate B-Chemical +as O +sole O +anaesthetic O +to O +outline O +its O +specific O +properties O +; O +275 O +angiographies O +were O +performed O +with O +a O +combination O +of O +Etomidate B-Chemical +and O +fentanyl B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +EEG O +recording O +and O +evoked O +response O +encephalography O +helped O +to O +outline O +some O +effects O +of O +Etomidate B-Chemical +on O +central O +nervous O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Relative O +effectiveness O +of O +primidone O +( O +Mysoline O +) O +and O +diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical +( O +Dilantin O +) O +in O +the O +management O +of O +sedative O +withdrawal O +seizures O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +shown O +that O +both O +the O +ammonium B-Chemical +and O +the O +nitrate B-Chemical +nitrogen B-Chemical +were O +consumed O +by O +the O +antibiotic O +- O +producing O +organism O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +positive O +role O +of O +this O +salt B-Chemical +was O +due O +to O +both O +the O +ammonium B-Chemical +and O +the O +sulfogroup O +, O +since O +the O +presence O +of O +the O +sulfogroup O +alone O +in O +sodium B-Chemical +sulfat O +, O +magnesium B-Chemical +or O +sulfuric O +acid O +resulted O +only O +in O +partial O +stimulation O +of O +gentamicin B-Chemical +biosynthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Methyl O +ether B-Chemical +of O +sibiromycin O +by O +the O +phenol B-Chemical +hydroxyl B-Chemical +, O +the O +other O +derivative O +of O +sibiromycin O +had O +no O +biological O +activity O +and O +did O +not O +interact O +with O +DNA O +. 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O +The O +reactions O +were O +characterized O +by O +the O +values O +of O +the O +aniline O +oxidation O +rate O +constants O +, O +k2 O += O +V O +/ O +E0 O +, O +where O +E0 O +is O +the O +initial O +concentration O +of O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +: O +K O +1 O +/ O +2 O += O +1 O +. O +60 O +- O +10 O +( O +8 O +) O +EXP O +( O +- O +13 O +400 O +/ O +RT O +) O +sec O +- O +1 O +, O +k O +2 O +/ O +2 O += O +1 O +. O +66 O +- O +10 O +( O +9 O +) O +exp O +( O +- O +14 O +500 O +/ O +RT O +) O +sec O +- O +1 O +, O +k O +3 O +/ O +2 O += O +6 O +. O +83 O +- O +10 O +( O +9 O +) O +exp O +( O +- O +15 O +300 O +/ O +RT O +) O +sec O +- O +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +A O +new O +beta O +- O +blocking O +agent O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +chronic O +glaucoma O +: O +timolol B-Chemical +maleate I-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ratio O +nucleotide B-Chemical +pyrophosphatase O +/ O +phosphodiesterase O +I O +and O +the O +urea B-Chemical +resistance O +of O +phosphodiesterase O +I O +differed O +among O +human O +organs O +, O +body O +fluids O +, O +and O +blood O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Temperature O +dependence O +of O +the O +absorbance O +of O +alkaline O +solutions O +of O +4 O +- O +nitrophenyl O +phosphate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +a I-Chemical +potential O +source O +of O +error O +in O +the O +measurement O +of O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Continuous O +- O +flow O +analysis O +for O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +triglycerides B-Chemical +, O +and O +ATP O +with O +immobilized O +enzymes O +in O +tubular O +form O +. O + +aps B-category +Creatine B-Chemical +kinase O +: O +re O +- O +examination O +of O +optimum O +reaction O +conditions O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Of O +the O +non O +- O +antipsychotic O +drugs O +only O +AHR O +- O +1900 O +significantly O +elevated O +the O +level O +of O +DOPAC B-Chemical +, O +however O +, O +the O +slope O +of O +its O +dose O +- O +response O +curve O +was O +atypically O +flat O +in O +comparison O +to O +the O +dose O +- O +response O +curves O +of O +drugs O +with O +known O +antipsychotic O +efficacy O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +the O +dose O +- O +dependent O +elevation O +of O +DOPAC B-Chemical +in O +the O +striatum O +and O +tuberculum O +olfactorium O +of O +the O +rat O +is O +a O +good O +predictor O +of O +antipsychotic O +efficacy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dopamine B-Chemical +beta O +- O +hydroxylase O +inhibitors O +, O +FLA B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +63 I-Chemical +and O +picolinic O +acid O +, O +antagonized O +the O +anticonvulsant O +action O +of O +methazolamine O +in O +mice O +; O +disulfiram B-Chemical +and O +pyrimidinethiol O +were O +inactive O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +findings O +clearly O +demonstrate O +that O +differences O +exist O +among O +inhibitors O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +beta O +- O +hydroxylase O +regarding O +their O +ability O +to O +antagonize O +the O +anticonvulsant O +action O +of O +methazolamide O +under O +various O +test O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +Possible O +adrenergic O +mechanisms O +involved O +in O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +( O +ACh O +) O +induced O +potassium B-Chemical +movements O +in O +the O +sinus O +node O +have O +been O +investigated O +using O +a O +tracer O +potassium B-Chemical +( O +42K O +) O +and O +a O +microelectrode O +technique O +. O + +aps B-category +Reserpinization O +neither O +prevented O +the O +ACh O +- O +induced O +increase O +in O +42K O +uptake O +nor O +the O +enhanced O +effect O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +When O +both O +neuromediators O +and O +atropine B-Chemical +were O +given O +simultaneously O +, O +an O +increase O +in O +42K O +uptake O +did O +not O +occur O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +toxin O +reduced O +but O +did O +not O +abolish O +the O +acid O +stimulatory O +effect O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +on O +GABA B-Chemical +accumulation O +induced O +by O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +- O +hydrazide O +in O +regions O +of O +rat O +brain O +following O +treatment O +with O +a O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +inhibitor O +and O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopamine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Binding O +of O +2 O +- O +p O +- O +toluidinylnaphthalene O +- O +6 O +- O +sulfonate O +( O +TNS O +) O +to O +adenylylated O +( O +E O +- O +- O +11 O +) O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +is O +cooperative O +and O +time O +- O +dependent O +, O +with O +3 O +dye O +sites O +per O +subunit O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +compound O +appeared O +to O +be O +able O +to O +markedly O +reduce O +the O +gastric O +hypersecretion O +produced O +by O +pentagastrin O +, O +caerulein B-Chemical +and O +bethanechol B-Chemical +; O +its O +antagonizing O +activity O +against O +histamine B-Chemical +stimulation O +was O +poor O +. O + +aps B-category +Basic O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +stimulate O +the O +activation O +of O +the O +glucocorticoid O +- O +- O +receptor O +complex O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +alkali B-Chemical +stability O +of O +the O +DNA O +. O + +aps B-category +Generation O +of O +the O +superoxide B-Chemical +radical O +during O +the O +peroxidatic O +oxidation O +of O +NADH O +by O +catalase O +at O +acid O +pH O +values O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Microcrystalloscopic O +reactions O +for O +identification O +of O +several O +piperazine B-Chemical +derivatives O +of O +phenothiazine O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Necrotizing O +angiitis O +and O +hepatitis O +in O +an O +amphetamine B-Chemical +abuser O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +pH O +, O +low O +sodium B-Chemical +ion O +concentration O +and O +methotrexate B-Chemical +on O +the O +jejunal O +- O +surface O +pH O +: O +a O +model O +for O +folic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +transfer O +. O + +aps B-category +Occupancy O +of O +muscarinic O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +receptors O +stimulates O +a O +guanylate O +cyclase O +in O +neuroblastoma O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +multiplicity O +of O +components O +, O +energization O +mechanisms O +and O +functions O +involved O +in O +galactose B-Chemical +transport O +into O +Escherichia O +coli O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +possible O +involvement O +of O +protohaem O +in O +the O +induction O +of O +nitrate B-Chemical +reductase O +in O +etiolated O +barley O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +two O +- O +phase O +study O +was O +designed O +to O +determine O +the O +optimum O +hynotic O +dose O +of O +triazolam B-Chemical +and O +to O +assess O +any O +evidence O +of O +acute O +tolerance O +. O + +aps B-category +Maximum O +tolerable O +doses O +ranged O +between O +0 O +- O +5 O +and O +3 O +- O +0 O +mg O +; O +however O +, O +all O +subjects O +experienced O +maximum O +therapeutic O +effect O +at O +1 O +- O +5 O +mg O +triazolam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +indicate O +that O +metoprolol B-Chemical +in O +a O +dosage O +of O +150 O +- O +450 O +mg O +daily O +is O +an O +effective O +and O +well O +tolerated O +therapy O +both O +in O +patients O +previously O +untreated O +and O +in O +patients O +unsatisfactorily O +treated O +with O +other O +antihypertensive O +agents O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +presence O +of O +the O +gall O +- O +bladder O +is O +necessary O +to O +observe O +this O +effect O +of O +caerulein B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +An O +intraventricular O +administration O +of O +sulpiride B-Chemical +suppressed O +the O +experimental O +cinchophen O +ulcer O +, O +thereby O +the O +effect O +of O +repeated O +administration O +of O +the O +material O +on O +cinchophen O +ulcerogenesis O +is O +evident O +, O +whereas O +intermittent O +administration O +lacked O +this O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +can O +thus O +be O +concluded O +that O +sulpiride B-Chemical +acts O +principally O +at O +the O +level O +of O +hypothalamus O +. O + +aps B-category +Magnesium B-Chemical +hydroxide O +and O +aluminum B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +bound O +bile O +acids O +much O +more O +weakly O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +beta O +adrenergic O +blocking O +drugs O +on O +the O +renin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aldosterone I-Chemical +system O +, O +sodium B-Chemical +excretion O +, O +and O +renal O +hemodynamics O +in O +cirrhosis O +with O +ascites O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +effect O +on O +the O +rate O +of O +renal O +excretion O +of O +aldosterone B-Chemical +was O +variable O +, O +suggesting O +that O +factors O +other O +than O +the O +renin O +- O +angiotension O +system O +are O +responsible O +for O +the O +control O +of O +aldosterone B-Chemical +secretion O +in O +cirrhosis O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +number O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +auxotrophs O +of O +Salmonella O +typhimurium O +were O +isolated O +and O +characterized O +genetically O +. O + +aps B-category +Strain O +JB674 O +grown O +in O +glucose B-Chemical +medium O +containing O +ammonia B-Chemical +as O +the O +nitrogen B-Chemical +source O +has O +reduced O +levels O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +that O +is O +more O +adenylylated O +than O +in O +the O +parent O +strain O +, O +suggesting O +that O +the O +enzyme O +can O +not O +be O +deadenylylated O +normally O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +Gln O ++ O +revertants O +of O +JB674 O +have O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +activities O +4 O +to O +6 O +fold O +higher O +than O +normal O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +histamine B-Chemical +H2 O +- O +receptor O +antagonist O +, O +cimetidine B-Chemical +, O +when O +given O +topically O +or O +parenterally O +, O +did O +not O +affect O +net O +luminal B-Chemical +Na O ++ O +gain O +or O +net O +luminal B-Chemical +H O ++ O +loss O +in O +vagally O +- O +denervated O +pouches O +of O +antrectomised O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Treatment O +of O +peptic O +ulcer O +with O +histamine B-Chemical +H2 O +receptor O +antagonists O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +Cimetidine B-Chemical +administered O +at O +a O +usual O +dosage O +over O +a O +4 O +- O +- O +6 O +week O +period O +, O +serious O +side O +- O +effects O +must O +not O +be O +expected O +. O + +aps B-category +Protective O +effect O +of O +an O +antacid O +on O +acetylsalicylic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +induced O +functional O +lesions O +in O +the O +human O +gastric O +mucosa O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +presence O +of O +an O +antacid O +prevented O +the O +salicylate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +drop O +of O +transmural O +PD O +. O + +aps B-category +Glutamine O +synthetase O +from O +pig O +brain O +: O +binding O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +tryptic O +heptadecapeptide O +isolated O +from O +the O +derivatized O +enzyme O +representing O +the O +carboxy O +terminal O +seems O +to O +belong O +to O +the O +active O +centre O +; O +its O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +sequence O +was O +partially O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +Enzymatically O +active O +peptide O +from O +the O +adenosine B-Chemical +diphosphate I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ribosylating I-Chemical +toxin O +of O +Pseudomonas O +aeruginosa O +. 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O + +aps B-category +DECC O +relaxed O +the O +potassium B-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +contractions O +of O +the O +pig O +coronary O +artery O +strips O +; O +these O +relaxations O +were O +not O +modified O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +or O +calcium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Potentiation O +by O +reserpine B-Chemical +of O +the O +inhibition O +by O +amphetamine B-Chemical +of O +( O +3H O +) O +dopamine B-Chemical +accumulation O +in O +the O +rat O +striatum O +. O + +aps B-category +Benzodiazepine O +activity O +: O +is O +interaction O +with O +the O +glycine B-Chemical +receptor O +, O +as O +evidenced O +by O +displacement O +of O +strychnine B-Chemical +binding O +, O +a O +useful O +criterion O +? O + +aps B-category +Enterohepatic O +circulation O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +sulisatin O +and O +its O +effects O +on O +glucose B-Chemical +absorption O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +find O +if O +theoretically O +and O +experimentally O +a O +relation O +existed O +between O +the O +dissolution O +rate O +theory O +of O +Kitazawa O +, O +Johno O +& O +amp O +; O +others O +( O +1975 O +) O +and O +that O +of O +Wagner O +( O +1969 O +) O +, O +a O +study O +was O +undertaken O +with O +uncoated O +caffeine B-Chemical +, O +aspirin B-Chemical +and O +proxyphylline O +tablets O +using O +two O +dissolution O +methods O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +simple O +, O +rapid O +and O +sensitive O +method O +is O +described O +for O +the O +analysis O +of O +unchanged O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +drugs O +and O +their O +metabolites O +, O +in O +human O +and O +animal O +tissues O +, O +using O +the O +proteolytic O +enzyme O +subtilisin O +Carlsberg O +followed O +by O +reverse O +- O +phase O +liquid O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +Amphetamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +like I-Chemical +stimulants O +were O +divided O +into O +two O +groups O +, O +one O +in O +which O +the O +stereotyped O +behaviour O +was O +not O +antagonized O +by O +reserpine B-Chemical +[ O +( O ++ O +) O +- B-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +, O +( O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +, O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +, O +phenmetrazine O +and O +phenethylamine O +] O +and O +another O +group O +in O +which O +the O +behavioural O +effects O +were O +blocked O +by O +reserpine B-Chemical +( O +methylphenidate B-Chemical +, O +nomifensine B-Chemical +, O +pipradrol O +and O +amfonelic O +acid O +( O +NCA O +; O +Win O +25978 O +) O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reserpine B-Chemical +antagonism O +of O +the O +' O +methylphenidate B-Chemical +group O +' O +- O +induced O +stereotyped O +behaviour O +was O +partially O +reversed O +by O +type O +A O +monoamine O +oxidase O +inhibition O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mechanisms O +by O +which O +the O +two O +groups O +are O +differentiated O +biochemically O +is O +discussed O +with O +special O +attention O +to O +possible O +intra O +- O +neuronal O +inhibition O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +oxidation O +by O +the O +' O +( O ++ O +) O +- B-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +group O +' O +. O + +aps B-category +Cessation O +of O +chronic O +ethanol B-Chemical +administration O +, O +and O +elimination O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +from O +the O +body O +, O +results O +in O +a O +withdrawal O +syndrome O +in O +mice O +characterized O +by O +behavioural O +symptoms O +and O +hypothermia O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +rate O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +accumulation O +was O +determined O +using O +pargyline O +, O +no O +differences O +occurred O +between O +control O +and O +ethanol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +the O +changes O +in O +accumulation O +of O +14C B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +and O +14C B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HIAA I-Chemical +in O +ethanol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +withdrawn I-Chemical +animals O +reflected O +alterations O +in O +electrical O +activity O +of O +serotoninergic O +neurons O +during O +withdrawal O +. O + +aps B-category +Identification O +of O +di O +- O +and O +tri O +- O +substituted O +hydroxy O +and O +ketone B-Chemical +metabolites O +of O +delta1 O +- O +tetrahydrocannabinol O +in O +mouse O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +Anticonvulsant O +interaction O +of O +cannabidiol O +and O +ethosuximide B-Chemical +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Hallucinogen O +binding O +to O +dopamine B-Chemical +/ O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Lead O +- O +inhibited O +adenylate O +cyclase O +: O +a O +model O +for O +the O +evaluation O +of O +chelating O +agents O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +cns O +lead B-Chemical +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +degradation O +rate O +of O +carmustine B-Chemical +was O +investigated O +in O +buffered O +aqueous O +media O +at O +several O +pH O +values O +. O + +aps B-category +General O +acid O +and O +specific O +base O +catalysis O +was O +demonstrated O +for O +the O +degradation O +of O +carmustine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Spectrophotometric O +determination O +of O +cephapirin O +, O +a O +cephalosporin B-Chemical +antibacterial O +. O + +aps B-category +High O +- O +pressure O +liquid O +chromatographic O +analysis O +of O +cimetidine B-Chemical +, O +a O +histamine B-Chemical +H2 O +- O +receptor O +antagonist O +, O +in O +blood O +and O +urine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +drug O +is O +extracted O +from O +biological O +fluids O +with O +1 O +- O +octanol O +and O +back O +- O +extracted O +into O +dilute O +acid O +and O +then O +into O +a O +small O +volume O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +by O +saturation O +with O +potassium B-Chemical +carbonate O +. O + +aps B-category +Blood O +levels O +and O +urinary O +excretion O +data O +obtained O +with O +the O +analytical O +procedure O +are O +given O +for O +a O +group O +of O +human O +subjects O +who O +received O +200 O +- O +mg O +oral O +doses O +of O +cimetidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +constants O +indicate O +that O +anhydrotetracycline O +epimerization O +is O +faster O +than O +tetracycline B-Chemical +epimerization O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +epimerization O +was O +catalyzed O +by O +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +equilibrium O +constants O +for O +both O +anhydrotetracycline O +and O +tetracycline B-Chemical +favored O +the O +natural O +configuration O +rather O +than O +the O +epi O +series O +. O + +aps B-category +Fluorometric O +determination O +of O +nadolol B-Chemical +in O +human O +serum O +and O +urine O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +back O +- O +extraction O +into O +0 O +. O +1 O +N O +HCl O +, O +the O +drug O +is O +oxidized O +with O +periodic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +; O +the O +resulting O +aldehyde B-Chemical +is O +coupled O +with O +o O +- O +phenylenediamine O +to O +produce O +a O +fluorescent O +compound O +. O + +aps B-category +Participation O +of O +an O +endogenous O +Ca O ++ O ++ O +- O +blinding O +protein O +activator O +in O +the O +development O +of O +drug O +- O +induced O +supersensitivity O +of O +striatal O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +in O +vivo O +assay O +for O +the O +analysis O +of O +the O +biological O +potency O +and O +structure O +- O +activity O +relationships O +of O +narcotics O +: O +serum O +testosterone B-Chemical +depletion O +in O +the O +male O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Direct O +and O +beta O +adrenergic O +blocking O +actions O +of O +nadolol B-Chemical +( O +SQ O +11725 O +) O +on O +electrophysiologic O +properties O +of O +isolated O +canine O +myocardium O +. O + +aps B-category +Significant O +alterations O +in O +Purkinje O +fiber O +potentials O +occurred O +only O +with O +nadolol B-Chemical +concentrations O +of O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +or O +greater O +. O + +aps B-category +Nadolol O +( O +10 O +( O +- O +8 O +) O +- O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +) O +had O +little O +action O +on O +automaticity O +in O +normal O +, O +ouabain B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +or O +stretched O +Purkinje O +fibers O +but O +markedly O +decreased O +catecholamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +enhanced I-Chemical +automaticity O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +suggest O +that O +direct O +membrane O +depressant O +effects O +of O +nadolol B-Chemical +do O +not O +contribute O +to O +its O +antiarrhythmic O +activity O +and O +that O +its O +beta O +adrenergic O +blocking O +ability O +is O +beneficial O +in O +catecholamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +related I-Chemical +cardiac O +ectopia O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +comparison O +of O +the O +enantiomers O +( O +- O +) O +- O +6b O +and O +( O ++ O +) O +- O +6b O +showed O +that O +the O +ability O +to O +antagonize O +apomorphine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +stereotyped O +behavior O +is O +confined O +to O +the O +levorotatory O +isomer O +( O +- O +) O +- O +6b O +while O +weak O +central O +anticholinergic O +activity O +resides O +solely O +in O +the O +dextrorotatory O +isomer O +( O ++ O +) O +- O +6b O +. O + +aps B-category +Salbutamol B-Chemical +, O +an O +adrenergic O +receptor O +agonist O +with O +selectivity O +for O +tracheobronchial O +vs O +. O +cardiac O +muscle O +, O +differs O +from O +the O +catecholamine B-Chemical +N O +- O +tert O +- O +butylnorepinephrine O +in O +that O +it O +bears O +a O +hydroxymethyl O +, O +rather O +than O +a O +phenolic O +, O +group O +in O +the O +meta O +position O +. O + +aps B-category +Central O +nervous O +system O +activity O +of O +a O +novel O +class O +of O +annelated O +1 O +, O +4 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +benzodiazepines I-Chemical +, O +aminomethylene O +- O +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +dihydro O +- O +1H O +- O +imidazo O +[ O +1 O +, O +2 O +- O +a O +] O +[ O +1 O +, O +4 O +] O +benzodiazepin O +- O +1 O +- O +ones O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Acute O +angiitis O +following O +penicillin B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Cimetidine B-Chemical +, O +a O +potent O +H2 O +- O +receptor O +antagonist O +, O +has O +been O +introduced O +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +various O +conditions O +associated O +with O +acid O +peptic O +digestion O +in O +the O +gastrointestinal O +tract O +. O + +aps B-category +First O +, O +the O +uncharged O +lipid O +- O +soluble O +anesthetic O +base O +pentrates O +the O +membrane O +; O +then O +the O +positively O +charged O +cation O +binds O +to O +anionic O +components O +of O +the O +sodium B-Chemical +channel O +' O +s O +internal O +axoplasmic O +mouth O +. O + +aps B-category +Dissolved O +in O +water O +, O +local O +anesthetic O +salt B-Chemical +crystals O +dissociate O +into O +anesthetic O +cation O +and O +base O +- O +proportional O +to O +the O +drug O +' O +s O +fixed O +pKa O +and O +the O +tissue O +' O +s O +variable O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +endothelial O +integrity O +and O +normal O +graft O +function O +were O +maintained O +over O +study O +intervals O +extending O +to O +200 O +days O +when O +Brown O +Norway O +( O +BN O +) O +rat O +kidneys O +were O +transplanted O +into O +Lewis O +( O +Le O +) O +rat O +kidney O +recipients O +subjected O +to O +neonatal O +thymectomy O +or O +lymph O +drainage O +. O + +aps B-category +Potassium B-Chemical +deficiency O +acidosis O +in O +the O +dog O +: O +effect O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +and O +potassium B-Chemical +balance O +on O +renal O +response O +to O +a O +chronic O +acid O +load O +. O + +aps B-category +Saralasin O +, O +an O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +inhibitor O +was O +infused O +in O +10 O +hypertensive O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +circulatory O +reflex O +- O +mechanisms O +are O +inhibited O +by O +saralasin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Failure O +of O +the O +hypotensive O +effect O +of O +saralasin B-Chemical +in O +salt B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +depleted I-Chemical +patients O +after O +administration O +of O +beta O +- O +blockers O +supports O +this O +hypothesis O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +fall O +in O +pH O +was O +accompanied O +by O +a O +large O +increase O +in O +lactate B-Chemical +concentration O +, O +however O +, O +the O +cells O +showed O +more O +severe O +glycogen O +depletion O +and O +clumping O +of O +nuclear O +chromatin O +, O +and O +mitochondrial O +change O +, O +which O +did O +include O +marked O +swelling O +, O +together O +with O +the O +presence O +of O +well O +developed O +inclusions O +. O + +aps B-category +Metal O +complexes O +of O +poly O +( O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +conformational O +properties O +of O +cupric O +complexes O +of O +poly O +( O +L O +- O +lysine O +) O +, O +poly O +( O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ornithine I-Chemical +) O +, O +and O +poly O +( O +L O +- O +diaminobutyric O +acid O +) O +have O +been O +investigated O +by O +potentiometric O +, O +visible O +and O +UV O +absorption O +, O +and O +circular O +dichroism O +( O +CD O +) O +techniques O +. O + +aps B-category +Blood O +chemistry O +: O +In O +patients O +with O +liver O +cirrhosis O +, O +the O +plasma O +levels O +of O +ammonia B-Chemical +, O +phenylalanine O +, O +tyrosine B-Chemical +, O +phenolic O +acids O +, O +and O +octopamine O +correlated O +with O +the O +stages O +of O +HE O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +, O +branched O +chain O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +were O +below O +the O +normal O +range O +. O + +aps B-category +Interactions O +: O +Anemia O +, O +methanethiol O +, O +and O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +favored O +ammonia B-Chemical +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxydative O +brain O +metabolism O +: O +Disorders O +of O +cerebral O +oxygen B-Chemical +and O +glucose B-Chemical +utilization O +were O +mainly O +documented O +in O +cases O +of O +long O +term O +HE O +with O +EEG O +alterations O +. O + +aps B-category +Mechanisms O +and O +management O +of O +penicillin B-Chemical +allergy O +. O + +aps B-category +Simple O +assay O +for O +the O +condensation O +component O +enzyme O +( O +beta O +- O +ketoacyl O +synthetase O +) O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthetase O +. O + +aps B-category +beta O +- O +Ketoacyl O +synthetase O +activity O +was O +made O +independent O +of O +subsequent O +enzyme O +activities O +of O +the O +complex O +by O +excluding O +NADPH B-Chemical +from O +the O +assay O +, O +thus O +blocking O +beta O +- O +ketoacyl O +reductase O +and O +preventing O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Several O +pyridine O +nucleotides O +and O +derivatives O +were O +tested O +after O +it O +was O +discovered O +that O +NADH O +stimulated O +beta O +- O +ketoacyl O +synthetase O +activity O +to O +a O +greater O +extent O +than O +could O +be O +accounted O +for O +by O +its O +reactivity O +in O +providing O +a O +pathway O +from O +acetoacetyl O +- O +enzyme O +to O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +at O +concentrations O +equivalent O +to O +or O +greater O +than O +12 O +g O +/ O +100 O +ml O +inhibited O +growth O +and O +aflatoxin O +production O +, O +while O +at O +8 O +g O +or O +less O +/ O +100 O +ml O +, O +growth O +and O +aflatoxin O +production O +were O +stimulated O +. O + +aps B-category +Malonic O +acid O +at O +10 O +, O +20 O +, O +40 O +, O +and O +50 O +mM O +reduced O +growth O +and O +aflatoxin O +production O +( O +over O +50 O +% O +) O +while O +sodium B-Chemical +malonate O +at O +similar O +concentrations O +but O +different O +pH O +values O +had O +the O +opposite O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Examination O +of O +the O +effect O +of O +initial O +pH O +indicated O +that O +the O +extent O +of O +inhibitory O +action O +of O +malonic O +acid O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +acetate O +was O +a O +function O +of O +initial O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Characteristics O +of O +the O +thermophilic O +hydrogen B-Chemical +bacterium O +Hydrogenomonas O +thermophilus O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +repression O +by O +glucose B-Chemical +is O +partly O +eliminated O +by O +Cyk O +3 O +' O +- O +5 O +' O +- O +AMP O +, O +theophylline B-Chemical +, O +and O +coffeine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +improved O +" O +attention O +" O +exhibited O +by O +hyperactive O +children O +treated O +with O +amphetamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +like I-Chemical +compounds O +is O +postulated O +to O +be O +related O +to O +a O +normal O +action O +of O +these O +drugs O +in O +producing O +stereotyped O +behavior O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +firA O +gene O +, O +a O +locus O +involved O +in O +the O +expression O +of O +rifampicin B-Chemical +resistance O +in O +Escherichia O +coli O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Moreover O +, O +thyrostatics O +lead B-Chemical +to O +densifications O +and O +adhesions O +of O +the O +thyroid O +gland O +capsule O +to O +the O +surrounding O +tissue O +, O +so O +that O +the O +preparation O +becomes O +complicated O +. O + +aps B-category +venous O +lactate B-Chemical +concentration O +was O +12 O +. O +7 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +0 O +meq O +per O +liter O +, O +the O +mean O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +content O +17 O +. O +1 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +1 O +mmol O +per O +liter O +, O +and O +the O +mean O +arterial O +pH O +7 O +. O +14 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +06 O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +change O +in O +the O +serum O +potassium B-Chemical +concentration O +, O +despite O +the O +development O +of O +a O +severe O +systemic O +acidemia O +and O +the O +subsequent O +return O +to O +normal O +of O +the O +pH O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Procaine O +, O +chloroquine B-Chemical +, O +indomethacin B-Chemical +and O +SC19220 O +all O +reduced O +action O +potential O +amplitude O +and O +conduction O +velocity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mononuclear O +cells O +in O +peritoneal O +washings O +from O +normal O +rats O +can O +be O +induced O +to O +produce O +large O +amounts O +of O +slow O +reacting O +substance O +of O +anaphylaxis O +by O +incubation O +with O +10 O +mM O +cysteine B-Chemical +in O +the O +presence O +of O +the O +calcium B-Chemical +ionophore O +A O +- O +23187 O +. O + +aps B-category +Relatively O +high O +concentrations O +of O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +inhibited O +mediator O +production O +; O +this O +inhibition O +could O +be O +partly O +reversed O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +arachidonic O +acid O +or O +to O +a O +lesser O +extent O +by O +eicosatrienoic O +acid O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +concluded O +that O +there O +are O +no O +major O +differences O +in O +abortifacient O +efficiency O +or O +the O +general O +incidence O +of O +side O +effects O +when O +PGE2 B-Chemical +therapy O +in O +2 O +dosage O +forms O +is O +compared O +. O + +aps B-category +Additionally O +, O +the O +deposition O +in O +the O +lung O +of O +the O +particulate B-Chemical +matter I-Chemical +contained O +in O +amnionic O +fluid O +may O +not O +be O +proof O +of O +pathologic O +aspiration O +as O +previously O +thought O +. O + +aps B-category +Lorazepam B-Chemical +as O +night O +sedation O +and O +pre O +- O +medication O +: O +a O +comparison O +with O +dichloralphenazone O +and O +papaveretum O +. 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O + +aps B-category +1 O +, O +4 O +- O +Butanediol O +diglycidyl O +ether B-Chemical +coupling O +of O +carbohydrates O +to O +Sepharose O +: O +affinity O +adsorbents O +for O +lectins O +and O +glycosidases O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Pharmacology O +of O +nitrous B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Action O +of O +dibencozide O +on O +nitrogen B-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +immediate O +and O +long O +- O +term O +postoperative O +resuscitation O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +authors O +report O +their O +experience O +with O +the O +use O +of O +dibencozide O +, O +with O +its O +known O +facilitating O +action O +upon O +nitrogen B-Chemical +assimilation O +, O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +any O +side O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +lesions O +are O +" O +cold O +" O +on O +iodine B-Chemical +radioisotope O +scan O +. O + +aps B-category +Drugs O +that O +reverse O +the O +manic O +state O +all O +share O +the O +common O +property O +of O +affecting O +biogenic O +amines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +formation O +of O +aminoacids O +and O +proteins O +from O +the O +nitrogen B-Chemical +which O +enters O +the O +roots O +as O +nitra O +t O +involves O +a O +complex O +reaction O +requiring O +energy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +following O +steps O +involve O +NADPH B-Chemical +, O +FAD O +, O +Copper O +, O +Iron B-Chemical +and O +Manganese O +, O +the O +last O +steps O +of O +the O +successive O +reductions O +being O +ammonia B-Chemical +, O +needed O +for O +the O +aminoacids O +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Nitrosamines O +are O +carcinogenic O +compounds O +synthetized O +from O +amines B-Chemical +and O +nitrites O +or O +nitrates B-Chemical +, O +if O +nitrates B-Chemical +in O +the O +reaction O +medium O +may O +be O +reduced O +to O +nitrites O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +mechanism O +of O +clay O +catalyzed O +polymerization O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +adenylates O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +for O +polymerization O +to O +take O +place O +, O +the O +edges O +of O +the O +clay O +have O +to O +be O +free O +as O +well O +and O +apparently O +only O +these O +molecules O +polymerize O +which O +are O +attached O +to O +the O +planes O +of O +the O +clay O +by O +their O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +and O +to O +the O +edges O +of O +the O +clay O +by O +their O +phosphate B-Chemical +group O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +conventional O +chimeras O +died O +from O +secondary O +disease O +within O +9 O +weeks O +after O +transplantation O +. O + +aps B-category +Over O +a O +range O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +tensions O +from O +24 O +to O +40 O +millimetres O +of O +mercury O +, O +the O +arterial O +blood O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +concentration O +decreased O +linearly O +by O +0 O +. O +32 O +nanomole O +per O +litre O +per O +millimetre O +of O +mercury O +decrement O +in O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +tension O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +significance O +bands O +may O +be O +used O +to O +differentiate O +additional O +acid O +- O +base O +disorders O +in O +patients O +with O +chronic O +hypocapnia O +over O +a O +clinically O +useful O +range O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +tensions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +, O +paracetamol B-Chemical +and O +benorylate O +were O +studied O +on O +gastric O +mucosal O +blood O +flow O +( O +MBF O +) O +and O +acid O +secretion O +in O +canine O +denervated O +gastric O +pouches O +. O + +aps B-category +Aspirin B-Chemical +buffered O +to O +pH O +6 O +was O +ineffective O +. O + +aps B-category +Paracetamol B-Chemical +( O +10 O +or O +20 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +v O +. O +, O +or O +20 O +mM O +in O +the O +pouch O +) O +or O +benorylate O +( O +280 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +orally O +) O +mainly O +had O +little O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +do O +not O +favour O +the O +view O +that O +aspirin B-Chemical +causes O +gastric O +bleeding O +in O +dogs O +by O +breakdown O +of O +blood O +vessels O +due O +to O +ischaemia O +following O +mucosal O +vasoconstriction O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +accumulation O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +- O +NA O +after O +30 O +min O +incubation O +was O +reduced O +by O +desmethylimipramine B-Chemical +( O +DMI O +) O +1 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +8 O +) O +M O +and O +was O +also O +reduced O +in O +vasa O +from O +rats O +pretreated O +with O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxydopamine I-Chemical +( O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +OHDA I-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +DMI O +1 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +8 O +) O +M O +did O +not O +alter O +the O +tissue O +uptake O +of O +[ O +14C O +] O +- B-Chemical +propranolol I-Chemical +, O +[ O +14C O +] O +- O +practolol O +or O +[ O +3H O +] O +- O +penbutolol O +. O + +aps B-category +Selective O +induction O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +and O +dopamine B-Chemical +beta O +- O +hydroxylase O +by O +nerve O +growth O +factor O +: O +comparison O +between O +adrenal O +medulla O +and O +sympathetic O +ganglia O +of O +adult O +and O +newborn O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Rotation O +- O +mediated O +aggregating O +cell O +cultures O +of O +mechanically O +dissociated O +fetal O +rat O +brains O +divided O +into O +three O +( O +telencephalon O +, O +mesencephalon O +- O +diencephalon O +and O +rhombencephalon O +) O +, O +or O +two O +( O +telencephalon O +and O +mesencephalon O +- O +diencephalon O +plus O +rhombencephalon O +) O +parts O +were O +examined O +for O +their O +biochemical O +differentiation O +by O +measuring O +the O +specific O +activities O +of O +choline B-Chemical +acetyltransferase O +, O +acetylcholinesterase O +, O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +decarboxylase O +, O +tyrosine B-Chemical +3 O +- O +monooxygenase O +, O +aromatic O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +decarboxylase O +, O +catechol B-Chemical +methyltransferase O +and O +monoamine O +oxidase O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +in O +cultures O +of O +whole O +brain O +, O +ascorbic O +acid O +( O +0 O +. O +2 O +mM O +) O +decreased O +tyrosine B-Chemical +3 O +- O +monooxygenase O +and O +aromatic O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +decarboxylase O +while O +other O +enzymes O +were O +slightly O +increased O +; O +and O +in O +cultures O +of O +telencephalon O +and O +mesencephalon O +- O +diencephalon O +plus O +rhombencephalon O +, O +N6 O +, O +O2 O +' O +- O +dibutyryladenosine O +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +cyclic O +phosphate B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +2 O +mM O +) O +decreased O +the O +specific O +activities O +of O +choline B-Chemical +acetyltransferase O +acetylcholinesterase O +, O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +decarboxylase O +and O +monoamine O +oxidase O +. 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O +95 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +23 O +and O +1 O +. O +79 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +34 O +mM O +- O +1 O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +the O +pig O +heart O +enzyme O +appears O +to O +bind O +free O +NADPH B-Chemical +and O +Mn2 O ++ O +. O + +aps B-category +equilibrium O +dialysis O +gives O +an O +apparent O +binding O +constant O +of O +about O +4 O +X O +10 O +( O +3 O +) O +M O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +at O +neutral O +pH O +, O +but O +Ka O +increases O +1 O +. O +75 O +times O +when O +NaCl B-Chemical +or O +CaCl2 B-Chemical +are O +added O +and O +10 O +- O +fold O +when O +the O +pH O +is O +lowered O +to O +3 O +. O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +Cysteine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +transaminase O +( O +cysteine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +; O +EC O +2 O +. O +6 O +. O +1 O +. O +3 O +) O +has O +been O +purified O +149 O +- O +fold O +to O +an O +apparent O +homogeneity O +giving O +a O +specific O +activity O +of O +2 O +. O +09 O +IU O +per O +milligram O +of O +protein O +with O +an O +overall O +yield O +of O +15 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +final O +product O +was O +homogenous O +when O +examined O +by O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +( O +SDS O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +is O +inactivated O +slowly O +when O +kept O +frozen O +and O +is O +completely O +inactivated O +if O +left O +at O +room O +temperature O +for O +1 O +h O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Using O +a O +single O +- O +pass O +perfusion O +technique O +, O +H2O O +, O +Na O ++ O +, O +Cl O +- O +, O +HCO3 O +- O +, O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +absorption O +were O +studied O +in O +the O +jejunum O +and O +proximal O +and O +distal O +ileum O +of O +rats O +either O +uninfected O +or O +infected O +with O +a O +tapeworm O +parasite O +( O +Hymenolepis O +diminuta O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Proximal O +- O +distal O +flux O +gradients O +were O +observed O +for O +water O +and O +all O +the O +solute O +species O +studied O +, O +as O +well O +as O +for O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stimulated I-Chemical +salt B-Chemical +and O +water O +transport O +; O +there O +was O +a O +decreasing O +sensitivity O +to O +low O +pH O +proceeding O +distally O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +parasites O +diminished O +the O +rates O +of O +absorption O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +salt B-Chemical +, O +and O +water O +, O +and O +altered O +the O +flux O +gradients O +, O +particularly O +the O +Na O ++ O +and O +HCO3 O +- O +transport O +gradients O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +thyroid O +hormones O +influence O +urinary O +excretion O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +after O +exposure O +to O +cold O +, O +the O +effects O +of O +hyper O +- O +and O +hypo O +- O +thyroidism O +on O +adrenal O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +( O +TH O +) O +( O +EC O +1 O +. O +14 O +. O +16 O +. O +2 O +) O +, O +phenylethanolamine O +- O +N O +- O +methyl O +transferase O +( O +PNMT O +) O +( O +EC O +2 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +. O +28 O +) O +, O +and O +serum O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxylase I-Chemical +( O +DbetaH O +) O +( O +EC O +1 O +. O +14 O +. O +17 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +[ O +Observation O +of O +pH O +, O +osmotic O +pressure O +, O +urea B-Chemical +level O +, O +Na O ++ O +and O +K O ++ O +ions O +at O +the O +base O +of O +leg O +ulcers O +including O +changes O +during O +therapy O +with O +ion O +exchangers O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +and O +neurotransmitter O +release O +in O +canine O +blood O +vessels O +. O + +aps B-category +Tonin O +, O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +system O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +steady O +- O +state O +kinetic O +method O +has O +been O +revised O +for O +measuring O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +isoenzyme O +activities O +, O +which O +relates O +the O +inhibition O +of O +heart O +- O +type O +isoenzyme O +activity O +to O +the O +overall O +isoenzyme O +composition O +of O +the O +enzyme O +subunits O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Luteinizing B-Chemical +hormone I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +releasing I-Chemical +hormone O +( O +LH O +- O +RH O +) O +, O +first O +synthetized O +in O +1971 O +; O +became O +soon O +available O +for O +clinical O +purposes O +and O +was O +immediately O +used O +as O +a O +diagnostic O +tool O +in O +children O +and O +adolescents O +as O +well O +as O +in O +adults O +. O + +aps B-category +Mouse O +interferon B-Chemical +induced O +by O +ultraviolet O +- O +irradiated O +Newcastle O +disease O +virus O +or O +polyriboinosinic O +- O +polyribocytidylic O +acid O +in O +T O +lymphocytes O +, O +B O +lymphocytes O +, O +macrophages O +, O +and O +primary O +mouse O +embryonic O +cell O +culture O +was O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Interferons O +produced O +by O +T O +and O +B O +lymphocytes O +consisted O +primarily O +of O +component O +1 O +( O +unbound O +fraction O +) O +, O +whereas O +interferons O +produced O +by O +macrophages O +or O +mouse O +embryo O +cells O +consisted O +primarily O +of O +component O +3 O +( O +eluted O +by O +0 O +. O +5 O +M O +NaCl B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Components O +2 O +and O +3 O +were O +heat O +labile O +and O +of O +high O +antigenicity O +against O +ALI O +, O +properties O +characteristic O +of O +macrophage O +and O +mouse O +embryo O +cell O +interferon B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +different O +carbon B-Chemical +sources O +were O +examined O +for O +their O +ability O +to O +control O +synthesis O +of O +heat O +- O +stable O +enterotoxin O +( O +ST O +) O +by O +enterotoxigenic O +( O +ENT O ++ O +) O +Escherichia O +coli O +grown O +in O +either O +a O +defined O +medium O +containing O +four O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +or O +a O +minimal O +salts O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +Similar O +results O +were O +obtained O +using O +a O +minimal O +salts O +medium O +, O +except O +with O +pyruvate B-Chemical +, O +which O +did O +not O +support O +growth O +. O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +repression O +of O +beta O +- O +galactosidase O +synthesis O +under O +conditions O +optimal O +for O +inhibition O +of O +ST O +synthesis O +was O +also O +reversed O +by O +exogenous O +cyclic B-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +' I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +' I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +monophosphate I-Chemical +in O +the O +presence O +of O +the O +inducer O +isopropyl O +- O +beta O +- O +D O +- O +thiogalactopyranoside O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +comparing O +the O +specific O +activity O +of O +enzymes O +pertaining O +to O +the O +biosynthesis O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +crude O +extracts O +of O +cultivated O +M O +. O +lepraemurium O +and O +M O +. O +smegmatis O +, O +it O +was O +found O +that O +: O +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relation O +between O +this O +peculiar O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesizing O +enzyme O +system O +of O +M O +. O +lepraemurium O +and O +its O +extremely O +sluggish O +growth O +is O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Bromocriptine B-Chemical +treatment O +resulted O +in O +disappearance O +of O +the O +galactorrhea O +and O +restoration O +of O +the O +menses O +and O +/ O +or O +ovulation O +in O +nine O +of O +18 O +patients O +; O +of O +these O +three O +became O +pregnant O +. O + +aps B-category +Gonadotropin O +treatment O +was O +successful O +in O +20 O +patients O +, O +clomiphene B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hCG I-Chemical +in O +two O +, O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +in O +two O +, O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +in O +two O +, O +and O +combined O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +and O +clomiphene B-Chemical +in O +one O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +56 O +patients O +, O +amenorrhea O +began O +after O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptives I-Chemical +ceased O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +with O +infertility O +should O +be O +treated O +1st O +with O +clomiphene B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +human I-Chemical +chorionic O +gonadotropin O +or O +tamoxifen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Induction O +of O +ovulation O +with O +exogenous O +gonadotropin O +was O +carried O +out O +for O +patients O +who O +did O +not O +respond O +to O +clomiphene B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +the O +administration O +of O +the O +D O +- O +Trp6 O +- O +LH O +- O +RH O +, O +testosterone B-Chemical +levels O +were O +maintained O +above O +the O +normal O +values O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +02 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +excretion O +of O +uricine O +or O +yellowish O +- O +red O +pigment O +from O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +stones O +and O +its O +binding O +by O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +seems O +to O +affect O +the O +precipitation O +of O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Uricine O +excretion O +was O +increased O +in O +11 O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +stone O +formers O +, O +whereas O +it O +was O +normal O +in O +the O +rest O +of O +the O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +cortisol B-Chemical +stimulation O +. O + +aps B-category +Histamine B-Chemical +stimulates O +acid O +secretion O +by O +the O +parietal O +cell O +and O +this O +secretion O +is O +inhibited O +by O +the O +histamine B-Chemical +H2 O +- O +receptor O +antagonists O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +H2 O +- O +receptor O +antagonists O +burimamide O +, O +metiamide O +and O +cimetidine B-Chemical +were O +labelled O +with O +35S O +, O +14C O +or O +3H O +and O +dosed O +to O +rats O +, O +whole O +body O +autoradiography O +showed O +that O +the O +stomach O +was O +predominantly O +labelled O +in O +the O +glandular O +mucosa O +from O +5 O +to O +120 O +min O +after O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +Bacterial O +metabolism O +of O +anthracycline B-Chemical +antibiotics O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +progesterone B-Chemical +levels O +on O +Day O +11 O +and O +observations O +made O +at O +laparotomy O +indicated O +that O +only O +1 O +gilt O +3 O +months O +of O +age O +failed O +to O +ovulate O +. O + +aps B-category +Fluorimetric O +determination O +of O +ampicillin B-Chemical +and O +epicillin O +. O + +aps B-category +Ventilation O +for O +1 O +min O +with O +N2 O +resulted O +in O +an O +increased O +rise O +in O +pH O +for O +the O +benzolamide O +- O +treated O +animals O +but O +a O +decreased O +fall O +in O +pH O +for O +the O +acetazolamide B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphatase I-Chemical +( O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphohydrolase I-Chemical +and O +its O +associated O +phosphotransferase O +activities O +) O +was O +determined O +in O +brain O +tissue O +and O +in O +several O +preparations O +derived O +from O +brain O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pattern O +of O +uptake O +of O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deoxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +in O +four O +cell O +lines O +was O +shown O +to O +involve O +transport O +of O +the O +analog O +across O +the O +cell O +membrane O +that O +was O +more O +rapid O +than O +the O +subsequent O +phosphorylation O +of O +the O +sugar O +in O +the O +intracellular O +compartment O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +differences O +could O +be O +found O +between O +the O +cells O +in O +these O +two O +categories O +with O +respect O +to O +amount O +or O +localization O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphatase I-Chemical +, O +ability O +to O +phosphorylate O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +O I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +, O +or O +ability O +to O +phosphorylate O +extracellular O +and O +intracellular O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deoxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphatase I-Chemical +thus O +probably O +has O +no O +major O +role O +in O +the O +phosphorylation O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +in O +brain O +cells O +, O +but O +acts O +in O +the O +more O +conventional O +sense O +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O + +aps B-category +Mast O +cell O +binding O +of O +neurotensin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Rat O +mast O +cells O +specifically O +and O +reversibly O +bound O +1 O +. O +27 O +pmol O +of O +neurotensin B-Chemical +/ O +10 O +( O +6 O +) O +cells O +with O +a O +reversible O +affinity O +, O +KD O +, O +of O +154 O +nM O +. O + +aps B-category +Maximum O +binding O +of O +125I B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +neurotensin I-Chemical +occurred O +within O +10 O +min O +at O +0 O +degrees O +, O +and O +within O +1 O +. O +5 O +to O +2 O +min O +binding O +was O +reduced O +to O +half O +- O +maximum O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +excess O +unlabeled O +neurotensin B-Chemical +or O +upon O +20 O +- O +fold O +dilution O +in O +buffer O +. O + +aps B-category +EDTA O +inhibited O +the O +binding O +only O +at O +high O +concentrations O +and O +no O +requirement O +was O +found O +for O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +groups O +, O +ATP O +, O +or O +a O +glycoprotein O +in O +the O +binding O +of O +neurotensin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +RNA O +synthesis O +was O +inhibited O +by O +ethidium O +bromide B-Chemical +, O +rifampicin B-Chemical +, O +acriflavine B-Chemical +, O +actinomycin O +D O +, O +and O +caffeine B-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +by O +alpha O +- O +amanitine O +or O +rifamycin O +SV O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +the O +nucleus O +in O +bringing O +about O +the O +induction O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +( O +TAT O +) O +by O +glucocorticosteroid O +hormone O +and O +its O +deinduction O +upon O +steroid B-Chemical +removal O +has O +been O +studied O +in O +enucleated O +rat O +hepatoma O +tissue O +culture O +cells O +( O +FU5 O +- O +5 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +subsequent O +constant O +level O +of O +activity O +seems O +due O +to O +maintenance O +rather O +than O +synthesis O +and O +degradation O +since O +it O +is O +not O +affected O +by O +cycloheximide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Optimal O +gelation O +occurred O +in O +a O +solution O +containing O +2 O +. O +5 O +mM O +ethylene O +glycol O +- O +bis O +( O +beta O +- O +aminoethyl O +ether B-Chemical +) O +N O +, O +N O +, O +N O +' O +, O +N O +' O +- O +tetraacetate O +( O +EGTA O +) O +, O +2 O +. O +5 O +mM O +piperazine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +N I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +N I-Chemical +' O +- O +bis O +[ O +2 O +- O +ethane O +sulfonic O +acid O +] O +( O +PIPES O +) O +, O +1 O +mM O +MgC1 O +( O +2 O +) O +, O +1 O +mM O +ATP O +, O +and O +20 O +mM O +KCI O +at O +ph O +7 O +. O +0 O +( O +relaxation O +solution O +) O +, O +while O +micromolar O +levels O +of O +Ca O ++ O ++ O +inhibited O +gelation O +. O + +aps B-category +Identification O +and O +quantification O +of O +progesterone B-Chemical +metabolites O +produced O +by O +the O +components O +of O +human O +fetal O +membranes O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +order O +to O +identify O +and O +to O +quantify O +the O +metabolites O +of O +progesterone B-Chemical +produced O +by O +the O +components O +of O +the O +human O +fetal O +membranes O +, O +amnion O +and O +chorion O +laeve O +tissues O +and O +homogenates O +were O +incubated O +with O +[ O +3H O +] O +progesterone B-Chemical +in O +the O +presence O +of O +added O +NADPH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Different O +conditions O +of O +pH O +and O +phosphate B-Chemical +molarity O +were O +required O +to O +obtain O +satisfactory O +elution O +profiles O +and O +separations O +for O +Western O +equine O +encephalomyelitis O +virus O +strains O +, O +compared O +with O +Eastern O +equine O +encephalomyelitis O +virus O +and O +Semliki O +Forest O +virus O +strains O +. O + +aps B-category +Elution O +profiles O +were O +not O +affected O +by O +0 O +. O +85 O +% O +NaCl B-Chemical +, O +10 O +% O +fetal O +calf O +serum O +, O +or O +1 O +% O +bovine O +serum O +albumin O +, O +which O +are O +common O +constituents O +of O +virus O +- O +stabilizing O +diluents O +. O + +aps B-category +Exposure O +of O +BHK O +21 O +c O +/ O +13 O +to O +brief O +periods O +of O +low O +power O +sonication O +gives O +cell O +preparations O +with O +greater O +basal O +, O +fluoride B-Chemical +and O +hormone O +sensitive O +adenylyl O +cyclase O +activites O +than O +those O +of O +broken O +cell O +preparations O +of O +homogenized O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +use O +of O +buffered O +lignocaine B-Chemical +solution O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +acute O +inflammation O +. O + +aps B-category +Adverse O +effects O +of O +flurazepam B-Chemical +in O +a O +hemodialysis O +patient O +. O + +aps B-category +Phenothiazine O +phototoxicity O +: O +toxic O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +photoproducts O +. O + +aps B-category +Nonphototoxic O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +and O +related O +tricyclic O +drugs O +failed O +to O +change O +their O +pH O +following O +irradiation O +whereas O +phototoxic O +compounds O +behaved O +like O +CPZ O +. O + +aps B-category +Hb O +G O +San O +Jose O +( O +beta7 O +glu O +leads O +to O +gly O +) O +was O +studied O +with O +respect O +to O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +, O +Bohr O +effect O +, O +surface O +activity O +in O +dilute O +aqueous O +solutions O +, O +mechanical O +precipitability O +, O +heat O +stability O +and O +its O +ability O +to O +copolymerize O +in O +the O +deoxy O +form O +with O +Hb O +S O +. O +Oxygen O +affinity O +, O +Bohr O +effect O +, O +and O +polymerization O +with O +Hb O +S O +were O +found O +to O +be O +identical O +to O +those O +of O +Hb O +A O +when O +studied O +under O +the O +same O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +Ehrlich O +cells O +grown O +in O +mice O +fed O +coconut O +oil O +diets O +( O +highly O +saturated O +) O +contain O +about O +twice O +as O +much O +cholesteryl B-Chemical +ester I-Chemical +as O +those O +grown O +in O +mice O +fed O +sunflower O +oil O +diets O +( O +highly O +polyunsaturated O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Increased O +ACAT O +activity O +was O +noted O +in O +M O +( O +c O +) O +with O +either O +[ O +1 O +- O +( O +14 O +) O +C O +] O +palmitoyl O +CoA O +or O +[ O +1 O +, O +2 O +- O +( O +3 O +) O +H O +] O +cholesterol B-Chemical +as O +the O +labeled O +substrate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cholesterol B-Chemical +and O +phospholipid O +contents O +of O +M O +( O +c O +) O +and O +M O +( O +s O +) O +were O +similar O +, O +but O +their O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +compositions O +differed O +considerably O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +results O +indicate O +that O +dietary O +modification O +of O +the O +microsomal O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +is O +associated O +with O +alterations O +in O +the O +activity O +of O +ACAT O +, O +an O +enzyme O +that O +is O +tightly O +bound O +to O +the O +microsomes O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +valproate I-Chemical +on O +plasma O +protein O +binding O +of O +diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Mouse O +spinal O +cord O +( O +SC O +) O +cells O +in O +dissociated O +cell O +cultures O +showed O +strong O +electrophysiologic O +responses O +to O +glutamate B-Chemical +, O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +GABA B-Chemical +) O +, O +and O +glycine B-Chemical +when O +these O +were O +iontophoretically O +applied O +to O +the O +neurons O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +are O +interpreted O +as O +indicating O +different O +ionic O +mechanisms O +for O +the O +glutamate B-Chemical +response O +and O +the O +EPSP O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +time O +course O +of O +the O +glycine B-Chemical +and O +GABA B-Chemical +responses O +were O +quite O +different O +from O +each O +other O +, O +however O +. O + +aps B-category +Release O +of O +excitatory O +and O +inhibitory O +transmitter O +could O +be O +elicited O +by O +focal O +application O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +and O +, O +in O +favorable O +instances O +, O +this O +could O +be O +shown O +to O +be O +due O +to O +the O +sensitivity O +of O +presynaptic O +terminals O +to O +the O +applied O +glutamate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Early O +effects O +of O +hypervitaminosis O +A O +on O +gluconeogenic O +activity O +and O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +metabolizing O +enzymes O +of O +rat O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +stimulation O +of O +hepatic O +gluconeogenesis O +in O +hypervitaminosis O +A O +was O +indicated O +by O +the O +increased O +incorporation O +of O +14C O +- O +labeled O +alanine B-Chemical +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +into O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +glycogen O +by O +liver O +slices O +. O + +aps B-category +Quantities O +of O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +are O +also O +produced O +in O +the O +foregut O +where O +the O +pH O +may O +vary O +from O +2 O +to O +5 O +. O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +Isonicotinyloxycarbonyl O +, O +a O +novel O +amino B-Chemical +protecting O +group O +for O +peptide O +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +vehicle O +composition O +on O +ocular O +penetration O +of O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +was O +studied O +in O +the O +albino O +rabbit O +. O + +aps B-category +Increased O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +absorption O +at O +neutral O +to O +slightly O +alkaline O +pH O +was O +due O +primarily O +to O +its O +peculiar O +solubility O +characteristics O +coupled O +with O +less O +irritation O +and O +lacrimation O +rather O +than O +a O +direct O +pH O +effect O +on O +the O +molecule O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +stimulatory O +actions O +of O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +and O +beta2 O +- O +adrenergic O +agonists O +were O +competitively O +inhibited O +by O +the O +beta O +- O +blocking O +agent O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +compound O +, O +however O +, O +was O +less O +potent O +than O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Ten O +normal O +volunteers O +received O +single O +oral O +doses O +of O +2 O +and O +4 O +mg O +BS O +100 O +- O +141 O +, O +0 O +. O +15 O +and O +0 O +. O +30 O +mg O +clonidine B-Chemical +in O +a O +randomized O +, O +crossover O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Hydrogenase O +activity O +of O +the O +thermophilic O +hydrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxidizing I-Chemical +bacterium O +Pseudomonas O +thermophila O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stability O +increases O +in O +the O +atmosphere O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effect O +of O +p O +- O +chloromercuribenzoate O +on O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +in O +the O +food O +yeast O +Candida O +tropicalis O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activity O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +was O +inhibited O +by O +pCMB O +, O +the O +degree O +of O +inhibition O +depending O +on O +the O +presence O +of O +bivalent O +cations O +of O +metals O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +assays O +were O +based O +on O +the O +esterification O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +to O +tRNA O +. O + +aps B-category +Arginine O +, O +methionine B-Chemical +and O +proline O +synthetases O +show O +sigmoidal O +kinetics O +with O +respect O +to O +mixed O +tRNA O +solutions O +and O +have O +Hill O +coefficients O +of O +1 O +. O +30 O +, O +1 O +. O +10 O +and O +1 O +. O +20 O +respectively O +. 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O + +aps B-category +An O +elevation O +of O +plasma O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +and O +dopamine B-Chemical +beta O +- O +hydroxylase O +levels O +found O +in O +prehypertensive O +SHR O +, O +a O +probable O +indication O +of O +peripheral O +sympathetic O +activation O +, O +disappeared O +after O +the O +bilateral O +removal O +of O +the O +celiac O +ganglion O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +diagnosis O +of O +type O +II O +tyrosinaemia O +was O +based O +upon O +an O +increase O +of O +blood O +tyrosine B-Chemical +( O +14 O +- O +16mg O +/ O +100 O +ml O +) O +, O +tyrosinuria O +and O +absence O +of O +liver O +and O +kidney O +abnormalities O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Suppression O +of O +the O +antihypertensive O +effect O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +by O +the O +simultaneous O +intake O +of O +a O +tricyclic O +antidepressive O +agent O +. O + +aps B-category +Study O +of O +the O +renin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +angiotensin I-Chemical +system O +carried O +out O +on O +a O +normal O +sodium B-Chemical +diet O +, O +after O +stopping O +all O +anti O +- O +hypertensive O +treatment O +for O +at O +least O +15 O +days O +, O +was O +combined O +with O +the O +anti O +- O +hypertensive O +response O +under O +the O +influence O +of O +a O +beta O +- O +blocker O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Q O +nucleosides B-Chemical +isolated O +from O +rabbit O +liver O +tRNA O +are O +known O +to O +have O +sugars O +( O +mannose O +or O +galactose B-Chemical +) O +linked O +to O +their O +cyclopentene O +diol O +moiety O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +, O +together O +with O +the O +anomeric O +configuration O +of O +mannose O +in O +Q O +nucleoside B-Chemical +, O +indicate O +that O +no O +lipid O +intermediate O +is O +involved O +in O +the O +biosynthesis O +of O +Q O +nucleoside B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +several O +compounds O +activating O +or O +producing O +hypofunction O +of O +the O +serotonergic O +system O +was O +studied O +on O +the O +convulsive O +threshold O +and O +anticonvulsive O +action O +of O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +( O +chlordiazepoxide O +, O +diazepam B-Chemical +, O +oxazepam B-Chemical +, O +nitrazepam B-Chemical +) O +in O +the O +pentylenetetrazol B-Chemical +test O +. O + +aps B-category +p O +- O +Chlorophenylalanine O +and O +methergoline O +did O +not O +affect O +, O +but O +cyproheptadine B-Chemical +enhanced O +the O +anticonvulsive O +action O +of O +most O +of O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +tested O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hypermotility O +produced O +by O +apomorphine B-Chemical +was O +antagonized O +only O +by O +aceperone O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Using O +chromatographic O +- O +spectrophotometric O +method O +, O +the O +effect O +of O +H O ++ O +and O +OH O +- O +ions O +on O +the O +rate O +of O +hydrolysis O +of O +rolitetracycline O +( O +RT O +) O +to O +tetracycline B-Chemical +( O +T O +) O +at O +20degreeC O +was O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +electrophoresis O +through O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +at O +pH O +8 O +. O +3 O +, O +it O +migrates O +toward O +the O +anode O +and O +stains O +with O +periodic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Schiff I-Chemical +reagent O +, O +suggesting O +that O +it O +is O +acidic O +and O +glycoprotein O +in O +nature O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +has O +no O +action O +on O +cytidine O +2 O +' O +: O +3 O +' O +- O +cyclic O +phosphate B-Chemical +or O +uridine B-Chemical +2 O +' O +: O +3 O +' O +- O +cyclic O +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +By O +fractionation O +of O +purine B-Chemical +compounds O +( O +sorbtion O +on O +the O +cation O +exchange O +resin O +KU O +- O +2 O +( O +H O ++ O +) O +, O +extraction O +, O +precipitation O +of O +purine B-Chemical +compounds O +as O +Ag O +- O +complexes O +) O +a O +" O +purine B-Chemical +fraction O +" O +of O +the O +culture O +liquid O +epiphytic O +bacteria O +No O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Metabolism O +of O +sex O +steroid B-Chemical +hormones O +in O +neuroendocrine O +organs O +. O + +aps B-category +Metabolism O +of O +tritium O +- O +labeled O +testosterone B-Chemical +, O +delta4 O +- O +androstane O +- O +3 O +, O +17 O +- O +dion O +, O +dihydrotestosterone O +. O + +aps B-category +Organ O +and O +sexual O +specificity O +of O +the O +androgen B-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +the O +hypophyses O +and O +the O +epiphyses O +was O +quantitative O +in O +character O +: O +the O +metabolism O +level O +of O +all O +the O +androgens B-Chemical +was O +greater O +in O +female O +rats O +than O +in O +the O +male O +both O +in O +the O +hypophysis O +and O +in O +the O +epiphyses O +; O +the O +activity O +of O +5 O +- O +reductase O +was O +lower O +in O +the O +epiphyses O +of O +animals O +of O +the O +both O +sexes O +than O +in O +the O +hypophyses O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +marked O +non O +- O +linear O +behavior O +is O +characteristic O +of O +a O +quantum O +mechanical O +tunneling O +event O +such O +as O +the O +translocation O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Deuterium O +- O +exchanged O +rhodopsin O +, O +in O +which O +the O +Schiff O +base O +hydrogen B-Chemical +is O +replaced O +by O +a O +deuterium O +, O +also O +shows O +a O +marked O +non O +- O +Arrhenius O +temperature O +dependence O +at O +low O +temperatures O +, O +consistent O +with O +tunneling O +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stimulated I-Chemical +glutamate B-Chemical +uptake O +in O +membrane O +vesicles O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +: O +the O +role O +of O +ion O +gradients O +. O + +aps B-category +Glutamate B-Chemical +uptake O +can O +also O +be O +driven O +by O +a O +prearranged O +sodium B-Chemical +gradient O +( O +out O +to O +in O +) O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +an O +energy O +source O +or O +a O +protonmotive O +force O +. O + +aps B-category +Glutamate B-Chemical +uptake O +due O +to O +a O +prearranged O +sodium B-Chemical +gradient O +or O +lactate B-Chemical +oxidation O +is O +inhibited O +by O +monensin O +but O +not O +by O +nigericin O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +flux O +is O +driven O +by O +a O +chemical O +gradient O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +that O +is O +created O +by O +the O +protonmotive O +force O +generated O +by O +respiration O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +multienzyme O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthetase O +complex O +isolated O +from O +Brevibacterium O +ammoniagenes O +has O +been O +purified O +to O +a O +specific O +activity O +of O +1440 O +nmol O +of O +malonyl O +- O +CoA O +incorporated O +per O +min O +/ O +mg O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +other O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthetase O +complexes O +, O +the O +enzyme O +catalyzes O +the O +synthesis O +of O +both O +long O +- O +chain O +saturated O +and O +monounsaturated O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +from O +malonyl O +- O +CoA O +and O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +. O + +aps B-category +Nitric B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +activates O +guanylate O +cyclase O +and O +increases O +guanosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +- O +cyclic O +monophosphate O +levels O +in O +various O +tissue O +preparations O +. O + +aps B-category +Activation O +of O +rat O +liver O +supernatant O +preparations O +was O +augmented O +slightly O +with O +reducing O +agents O +, O +decreased O +with O +some O +oxidizing O +agents O +, O +and O +greater O +in O +a O +nitrogen B-Chemical +than O +in O +an O +oxygen B-Chemical +atmosphere O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +fructose O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +bisphosphate O +and O +sedoheptulose O +1 O +, O +7 O +- O +bisphosphate O +are O +substrates O +of O +this O +enzyme O +; O +the O +hydrolysis O +of O +the O +latter O +occurs O +at O +about O +20 O +% O +of O +the O +rate O +of O +the O +former O +, O +and O +the O +Km O +for O +fructose O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +bisphosphate O +is O +approximately O +1 O +. O +32 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +. O +5 O +' O +- O +AMP O +, O +an O +inhibitor O +of O +other O +mammalian O +- O +fructose O +- O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +bisphosphatases O +, O +is O +without O +effect O +, O +and O +in O +further O +contrast B-Chemical +with O +the O +other O +enzymes O +there O +is O +no O +metal O +requirement O +for O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Resonance O +Raman O +spectra O +of O +arsanilazotryosyl O +- O +248 O +carboxypeptidase O +A O +( O +peptidyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +hydrolase O +, O +EC O +3 O +. O +4 O +. O +12 O +. O +2 O +) O +exhibit O +only O +the O +vibrational O +bands O +of O +its O +chromophoric O +azotyrosyl O +- O +248 O +residue O +uncomplicated O +by O +background O +interference O +from O +either O +water O +or O +other O +components O +of O +the O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +particular O +, O +this O +has O +allowed O +elucidation O +of O +the O +structure O +of O +the O +azotyrosyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +248 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +zinc I-Chemical +coordination O +complex O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +findings O +offer O +new O +approaches O +to O +the O +in O +vivo O +study O +of O +the O +cycle O +and O +also O +to O +the O +design O +of O +more O +specifically O +directed O +analogs O +of O +inhibitors O +such O +as O +methionine B-Chemical +sulfoximine O +and O +6 O +- O +diazo O +- O +5 O +- O +oxonorleucine O +. O + +aps B-category +From O +13 O +days O +of O +gestation O +, O +when O +the O +superior O +cervical O +ganglion O +was O +first O +visible O +, O +to O +birth O +at O +19 O +days O +, O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +[ O +tyrosine B-Chemical +3 O +- O +monooxygenase O +; O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +, O +tetrahydropteridine O +: O +oxygen B-Chemical +oxidoreductase O +( O +3 O +- O +hydroxylating O +) O +; O +EC O +1 O +. O +14 O +. O +16 O +. O +2 O +] O +activity O +increased O +100 O +- O +fold O +in O +vivo O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +direct O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +ganglia O +from O +18 O +- O +day O +fetuses O +failed O +to O +grow O +without O +added O +NGF O +or O +in O +medium O +containing O +anti O +- O +NGF O +or O +NGF O ++ O +anti O +- O +NGF O +: O +virtually O +no O +axon O +outgrowth O +occurred O +and O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +decreased O +by O +half O +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulation O +of O +human O +platelet O +guanylate O +cyclase O +by O +unsaturated O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +peroxides B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +addition O +of O +lipoxidase O +potentiated O +the O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +stimulation O +of O +guanylate O +cyclase O +purified O +by O +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +column O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +Saturated O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +such O +as O +stearic O +and O +arachidic O +acids O +had O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +guanylate O +cyclase O +activity O +in O +the O +presence O +or O +absence O +of O +lipoxidase O +, O +indicating O +that O +human O +plateletguanylate O +cyclase O +is O +stimulated O +by O +unsaturated O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +peroxides B-Chemical +rather O +than O +by O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +2 O +- O +Mercaptoethanol O +, O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +, O +and O +N O +- O +ethylmaleimide O +inhibited O +the O +guanylate O +cyclase O +activities O +both O +in O +the O +presence O +and O +absence O +of O +unsaturated O +fatty O +acidperoxide O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +250 O +, O +000 O +- O +fold O +purification O +of O +pyrimidine O +5 O +' O +- O +nucleotidase O +from O +human O +erythrocytes O +has O +been O +achieved O +using O +a O +combination O +of O +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +chromatography O +, O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +fractionation O +, O +gel O +filtration O +, O +and O +isoelectric O +focusing O +. O + +aps B-category +Specific O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +receptors O +in O +rat O +brain O +characterized O +by O +high O +- O +affinity O +( O +3H O +) O +diazepam B-Chemical +binding O +. O + +aps B-category +Arrhenius O +plots O +suggest O +a O +sharp O +conformational O +change O +in O +the O +diazepam B-Chemical +receptor O +near O +18 O +degrees O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +Ro O +- O +4864 O +, O +which O +is O +almost O +inactive O +in O +displacing O +[ O +3H O +] O +diazepam B-Chemical +from O +brain O +membranes O +, O +is O +extremely O +potent O +in O +displacing O +it O +from O +kidney O +mitochondria O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +diazepam B-Chemical +binding O +to O +kidney O +mitochondria O +has O +an O +affinity O +constantof O +40 O +nM O +, O +about O +15 O +times O +higher O +than O +that O +in O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +specific O +[ O +3H O +] O +diazepam B-Chemical +binding O +to O +membranes O +appears O +to O +be O +restricted O +to O +brain O +, O +where O +it O +is O +unevenly O +distributed O +: O +the O +density O +of O +diazepam B-Chemical +receptors O +is O +about O +five O +times O +higher O +in O +cortex O +( O +the O +highest O +density O +) O +than O +in O +pons O +- O +meddula O +( O +lowest O +density O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +ions O +in O +ATP O +formation O +by O +the O +sodium B-Chemical +pump O +. O + +aps B-category +Nucleo O +- O +cytoplasmic O +interactions O +in O +the O +regulation O +of O +thymidine B-Chemical +phosphorylation O +in O +Acetabularia O +. O + +aps B-category +Antimuscarinic O +properties O +of O +antidepressants B-Chemical +: O +dibenzepin O +( O +Noveril O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +a O +value O +of O +1 O +for O +scopolamine B-Chemical +, O +the O +following O +relative O +anticholinergic O +potencies O +were O +calculated O +: O +dibenzepin O +- O +- O +1 O +/ O +600 O +, O +nortriptylne O +- O +- O +1 O +/ O +300 O +, O +imipramine B-Chemical +- O +1 O +/ O +200 O +, O +and O +amitriptyline B-Chemical +- O +1 O +/ O +75 O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Stability O +of O +tetracycline B-Chemical +during O +fermentation O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Steroid B-Chemical +hormone O +actions O +in O +tissue O +culture O +cells O +and O +cell O +hybrids O +- O +- O +their O +relation O +to O +human O +malignancies O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +concentrations O +of O +the O +non O +- O +selective O +beta O +- O +blockers O +( O +bupranolol O +, O +alprenolol O +, O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +4 O +- O +hydroxypropranolol O +, O +prindolol O +and O +oxyprenolol O +) O +required O +to O +produce O +half O +maximal O +inhibition O +of O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stimulated I-Chemical +rates O +of O +cAMP B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +formation I-Chemical +were O +found O +to O +be O +in O +a O +narrow O +range O +( O +5X10 O +( O +- O +7 O +) O +M O +- O +3X10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +M O +) O +. O +The O +cardioselective O +beta O +- O +blocking O +agents O +, O +however O +, O +were O +only O +1 O +/ O +100 O +( O +methypranol O +) O +to O +1 O +/ O +1000 O +( O +atenolol B-Chemical +, O +practolol O +) O +as O +potent O +as O +the O +non O +- O +selective O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +secretion O +was O +inhibited O +by O +different O +adrenolytic O +drugs O +( O +phenoxybenzamine O +, O +practolol O +, O +butoxamine O +) O +, O +by O +tetracain O +, O +hemicholinium B-Chemical +, O +and O +atropine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +are O +consistent O +with O +those O +of O +other O +investigators O +showing O +a O +suppressibility O +of O +the O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +pancreatic O +amylase O +secretion O +by O +atropine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Formerly O +applied O +techniques O +like O +electroshock O +- O +and O +insulin O +- O +therapy O +are O +now O +replaced O +by O +pharmaco O +- O +therapy O +, O +primarily O +with O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +, O +butyrophenones O +and O +chlorprothixens O +. O + +aps B-category +Folate B-Chemical +conjugase O +: O +two O +separate O +activities O +in O +human O +jejunum O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +techniques O +of O +cell O +fractionation O +and O +DEAE O +and O +gel O +chromatography O +led O +to O +the O +identification O +of O +two O +separate O +folate B-Chemical +conjugase O +activities O +in O +human O +jejunal O +mucosa O +: O +one O +membrane O +- O +bound O +and O +concentrated O +in O +the O +brush O +border O +, O +the O +other O +soluble O +and O +intracellular O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +the O +effects O +observed O +with O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +antagonists O +were O +both O +stereospecific O +and O +reversed O +by O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +95 O +patients O +with O +essential O +uncomplicated O +hypertension O +were O +mostly O +submitted O +to O +measurement O +of O +plasma O +renin O +activity O +, O +plasma O +volume O +and O +exchangeable O +sodium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +for O +the O +exchangeable O +sodium B-Chemical +seemed O +of O +little O +interest O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +enzymatic O +hydroxylation O +of O +aromatic O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +tetrahydrobiopterin O +is O +the O +essential O +cofactor O +. O + +aps B-category +Assay O +of O +biopsied O +brain O +cortex O +of O +a O +patient O +with O +a O +deficiency O +of O +dihydropteridine O +reductases O +showed O +low O +concentrations O +of O +serotonin B-Chemical +and O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +and O +this O +was O +reflected O +in O +the O +concentrations O +of O +their O +major O +metabolites O +measured O +in O +cerebrospinal O +fluid O +from O +lumbar O +, O +ventricular O +, O +and O +subarachnoid O +spaces O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +postulated O +that O +the O +seizures O +and O +neurological O +deterioration O +of O +the O +patient O +were O +related O +to O +a O +deficiency O +in O +the O +synthesis O +of O +biogenic O +amine B-Chemical +neurotransmitters O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +2 O +mg O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +( O +Rohypnol O +; O +Roche O +) O +to O +patients O +before O +gastro O +- O +intestinal O +endoscopy O +caused O +significantly O +less O +anxiety O +and O +achieved O +significantly O +greater O +sedation O +than O +diazepam B-Chemical +( O +Vallium O +; O +Roche O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patients O +who O +received O +2 O +mg O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +showed O +a O +significantly O +greater O +willingness O +to O +undergo O +a O +repeat O +procedure O +, O +both O +when O +asked O +immediately O +after O +the O +procedure O +, O +and O +when O +asked O +on O +the O +next O +visit O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +of O +detrusor O +hyperreflexia O +in O +multiple O +sclerosis O +: O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +, O +crossover O +clinical O +trial O +comparing O +methantheline O +bromide B-Chemical +( O +Banthine O +) O +, O +flavoxate O +chloride B-Chemical +( O +Urispas O +) O +and O +meladrazine O +tartrate O +( O +Lisidonil O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +entire O +cystometric O +pattern O +changed O +statistically O +significant O +with O +methantheline O +bromide B-Chemical +, O +but O +only O +with O +concordance O +to O +the O +patients O +preferences O +in O +60 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibition O +of O +the O +gastric O +juice O +secretion O +occurring O +against O +the O +background O +of O +multiple O +introduction O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +or O +gastrin O +tetrapeptide O +amide O +was O +quite O +spectacular O +: O +the O +secretion O +dropped O +down O +to O +zero O +and O +the O +action O +was O +more O +prolonged O +than O +following O +administration O +of O +pentagastrin O +with O +which O +the O +secretion O +was O +not O +inhibited O +to O +such O +a O +sharp O +degree O +and O +the O +effect O +of O +GMP O +was O +less O +protracted O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dependence O +of O +Gi O +( O +- O +M O +) O +values O +of O +histidine O +on O +the O +concentration O +of O +irradiated O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +- O +10 O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +M O +solutions O +, O +pH O +and O +the O +presence O +of O +O2 O +, O +N2O O +and O +sec O +- O +butyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +was O +investigated O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +partial O +purification O +( O +123 O +- O +fold O +) O +of O +2 O +- O +oxoaldehyde O +dehydrogenase O +( O +2 O +- O +oxoaldehyde O +: O +NAD O +( O +P O +) O ++ O +oxidoreductase O +, O +1 O +. O +2 O +. O +1 O +. O +23 O +) O +from O +rat O +liver O +was O +carried O +out O +using O +a O +purification O +procedure O +which O +involved O +( O +NH4 O +) O +2SO4 O +fractionation O +, O +DEAE O +- O +Sephadex O +chromatography O +, O +Blue B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Dextran I-Chemical +affinity O +chromatography O +and O +CM O +- O +Sephadex O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +only O +known O +amine B-Chemical +which O +activates O +the O +enzyme O +at O +physiological O +pH O +is O +L O +- O +serine O +methyl O +ester O +, O +suggesting O +that O +the O +regulation O +of O +this O +enzyme O +in O +vivo O +may O +require O +a O +derivative O +of O +serine O +. O + +aps B-category +Hypoxanthines O +, O +bearing O +at O +position O +8 O +aryl O +or O +pyridyl O +substituents O +, O +are O +converted O +by O +bovine O +milk O +xanthine B-Chemical +oxidase O +( O +xanthine B-Chemical +: O +oxygen B-Chemical +oxidoreductase O +, O +EC O +1 O +. O +2 O +. O +3 O +. O +2 O +) O +into O +the O +corresponding O +xanthines O +at O +low O +rates O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +analogous O +pyridone O +is O +the O +only O +oxidation O +product O +of O +1 O +- O +methyl O +- O +8 O +- O +( O +3 O +' O +- O +N O +- O +methylpyridinio O +) O +- O +hypoxanthine O +betaine B-Chemical +, O +which O +is O +not O +attacked O +in O +the O +pyrimidine O +ring O +. O + +aps B-category +Pure O +ascorbate O +oxidase O +( O +L O +- O +ascorbate O +: O +oxygen B-Chemical +oxidoreductase O +, O +EC O +1 O +. O +10 O +. O +3 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Phenylacetone O +, O +4 O +- O +phenyl O +- O +2 O +- O +butanone O +, O +and O +4 O +- O +oxopentyltrimethylammonium O +chloride B-Chemical +were O +tested O +as O +potential O +transition O +state O +analogs O +for O +eel O +acetylcholinesterase O +( O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +hydrolase O +, O +EC O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +. O +7 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +indicate O +a O +specific O +but O +weak O +interaction O +between O +the O +ketone B-Chemical +carbonyl O +and O +the O +enzyme O +, O +but O +probably O +do O +not O +justify O +considering O +this O +compound O +a O +transition O +state O +analog O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +the O +ketone B-Chemical +protects O +the O +enzyme O +from O +inactivation O +by O +methansulfony O +fluoride B-Chemical +, O +while O +the O +corresponding O +quaternary B-Chemical +ammonium I-Chemical +alcohol B-Chemical +accelerates O +this O +inactivation O +reaction O +. 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O +10 O +) O +and O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +( O +EC O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +3 O +. O +1 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +sixth O +ligand O +of O +Type O +- O +III O +was O +deduced O +to O +be O +either O +lysine O +or O +histidine O +but O +would O +not O +be O +methionine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Potentiometric O +and O +spectrophotometric O +titrations O +, O +isoelectric O +focusing O +and O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +analyses O +, O +have O +been O +made O +on O +the O +hemocyanin O +from O +Jasus O +edwardsii O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +ionization O +upon O +biological O +activities O +of O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +and O +two O +new O +peptide O +analogues O +. 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O + +aps B-category +wt O +215000 O +) O +derivative O +of O +glutathione B-Chemical +, O +which O +is O +believed O +to O +be O +unable O +to O +penetrate O +into O +intact O +cells O +, O +caused O +marked O +inhibition O +of O +the O +rate O +of O +p O +- O +nitroaniline O +release O +from O +the O +synthetic O +substrate O +by O +the O +tumor O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +transport O +of O +alanine B-Chemical +, O +leucine B-Chemical +, O +glycine B-Chemical +and O +glutamine B-Chemical +into O +cells O +was O +not O +affected O +by O +the O +inactivation O +of O +this O +enzyme O +with O +the O +affinity O +label O +. O + +aps B-category +Reaction O +of O +yeast O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthetase O +with O +iodoacetamide O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Addition O +of O +NaHCO3 B-Chemical +or O +NaOH B-Chemical +to O +the O +solutions O +of O +lactic O +or O +pyruvic O +acids O +decreased O +threshold O +concentrations O +of O +H O ++ O +ions O +and O +increased O +intensity O +of O +afferent O +impulsation O +in O +the O +cat O +chroda O +tympani O +nerve O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +the O +influence O +of O +NaHCO3 B-Chemical +on O +the O +perception O +of O +organic O +acids O +depends O +not O +only O +on O +its O +buffer O +properties O +but O +, O +probably O +, O +on O +direct O +action O +of O +CO2 O +appearing O +as O +the O +result O +of O +interaction O +of O +NaHCO3 B-Chemical +and O +acids O +, O +as O +well O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +electrical O +stimulation O +of O +the O +autonomic O +nerve O +supply O +on O +the O +concentration O +of O +guanosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +- O +cyclic O +monophosphate O +and O +the O +activity O +of O +guanylate O +cyclase O +in O +rat O +salivary O +glands O +and O +their O +relationship O +to O +the O +induction O +of O +growth O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Biochemical O +aspects O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +( O +3 O +, O +4 O +- O +dihydroxyphenethylamine O +) O +in O +an O +invertebrate O +nervous O +system O +: O +uptake O +, O +metabolism O +and O +analysis O +of O +receptors O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesis O +and O +stimulation O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +release O +by O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +and O +adrenaline B-Chemical +in O +the O +perfused O +mouse O +liver O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +attending O +their O +family O +practitioner O +with O +emotional O +disturbance O +manifesting O +predominantly O +as O +anxiety O +were O +treated O +once O +daily O +for O +4 O +weeks O +with O +either O +a O +pure O +anxiolytic O +, O +potassium B-Chemical +clorazepate O +, O +or O +a O +formulation O +of O +a O +specific O +antidepressant B-Chemical +together O +with O +an O +anxiolytic O +, O +fluphenazine B-Chemical +/ O +nortriptyline B-Chemical +, O +in O +accordance O +with O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +, O +completely O +randomized O +design O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +simple O +and O +convenient O +to O +take O +, O +a O +once O +daily O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +formulation O +of O +fixed O +dose O +is O +likely O +to O +be O +too O +inflexible O +to O +achieve O +optimal O +therapeutic O +effect O +in O +many O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +one O +case O +dehydroemetine O +and O +mebendazole O +( O +Vermox O +, O +Janssen O +) O +, O +and O +in O +the O +other O +case O +metrifonate B-Chemical +( O +Bilarcil O +, O +Bayer O +A O +. O +G O +. O +) O +were O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +a O +new O +minor O +tranquilizer O +, O +CS O +- O +386 O +, O +on O +the O +after O +- O +discharge O +( O +AD O +) O +and O +behavior O +induced O +by O +amygdaloid O +electrical O +stimulation O +in O +freely O +- O +moving O +cats O +were O +compared O +with O +those O +of O +cloxazolam O +, O +oxazolam O +, O +diazepam B-Chemical +, O +chlordiazepoxide O +, O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +and O +chlorphromazine O +. O + +aps B-category +Chlordiazepoxide B-Chemical +had O +no O +apparent O +effects O +on O +amygdaloid O +AD O +and O +on O +facial O +twitching O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Minor O +tranquilizers O +( O +diazepam B-Chemical +, O +nitrazepam B-Chemical +, O +oxazepam B-Chemical +, O +bromazepam O +, O +medazepam O +, O +fludiazepam O +, O +meprobamate O +) O +at O +low O +doses O +increased O +ambulation O +score O +to O +145 O +approximately O +288 O +% O +of O +control O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Fludiazepam O +and O +nitrazepam B-Chemical +showed O +a O +maximum O +increase O +in O +ambulation O +at O +the O +same O +dose O +. O + +aps B-category +Trifluperidol O +, O +haloperidol B-Chemical +and O +ID O +- O +4708 O +( O +a O +new O +butyrophenone O +derivative O +) O +and O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +when O +given O +at O +low O +doses O +reduced O +ambulation O +, O +while O +at O +higher O +doses O +defecation O +was O +inhibited O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +diphosphoglyceric O +acid O +( O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +DPG O +) O +, O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphate I-Chemical +( O +ATP O +) O +, O +inositol B-Chemical +tetraphosphate O +( O +ITP O +) O +, O +inositol B-Chemical +pentaphosphate O +( O +IPP O +) O +, O +and O +inositol B-Chemical +hexaphosphate O +( O +IHP O +) O +on O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +of O +whole O +stripped O +hemoglobin O +( O +WSH O +) O +, O +hemoglobin O +H O +( O +Hb O +- O +H O +; O +hatching O +hemoglobin O +) O +, O +hemoglobin O +A O +( O +Hb O +- O +A O +) O +, O +and O +hemoglobin O +D O +( O +Hb O +- O +D O +) O +isolated O +from O +erythrocytes O +( O +RBC O +) O +of O +the O +25 O +- O +day O +turkey O +embryo O +have O +been O +studied O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +accord O +with O +this O +view O +is O +the O +observation O +that O +paraquat O +, O +which O +can O +increase O +the O +rate O +of O +production O +of O +O2 O +- O +by O +redox O +cycling O +, O +caused O +a O +rapid O +and O +marked O +increase O +in O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +delta O +muH O ++ O +above O +175 O +to O +200 O +mV O +, O +elevated O +proton O +entry O +occurred O +only O +in O +cells O +having O +a O +functional O +membrane O +- O +bound O +Ca2 O ++ O +- O +stimulated O +, O +Mg2 O ++ O +stimulated O +adenosine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +triphosphatase O +( O +EC O +3 O +. O +6 O +. O +1 O +. O +3 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +observations O +demonstrate O +that O +membrane O +- O +bound O +adenosine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +triphosphatase O +catalyzes O +an O +obligatory O +coupling O +between O +the O +inward O +movement O +of O +protons O +and O +synthesis O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +triphosphate O +. O + +aps B-category +Nitrogen O +and O +ammonia B-Chemical +assimilation O +in O +the O +cyanobacteria O +: O +purification O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +from O +Anabaena O +sp O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +were O +conducted O +to O +optimize O +the O +production O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +by O +Anabaena O +CA O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purification O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +from O +Anabaena O +CA O +should O +stimulate O +a O +more O +detailed O +study O +of O +this O +enzyme O +and O +its O +role O +in O +cyanobacterial O +nitrogen B-Chemical +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +optimum O +for O +the O +forward O +reaction O +( O +reduction O +of O +NADP O ++ O +) O +was O +7 O +. O +8 O +, O +and O +that O +for O +the O +reverse O +reaction O +( O +oxidation O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +) O +was O +6 O +. O +6 O +. O + +aps B-category +Citrate B-Chemical +stabilized O +the O +activity O +over O +a O +wide O +pH O +region O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +occurrence O +appears O +to O +be O +reversible O +since O +penicillin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +secretion O +comes O +to O +a O +halt O +upon O +the O +timely O +addition O +of O +penicillinase O +, O +correlating O +with O +resumption O +of O +culture O +growth O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +shown O +that O +n O +- O +alkanes O +stimulated O +one O +of O +three O +enzymic O +steps O +of O +lecithin O +biosynthesis O +from O +choline B-Chemical +; O +that O +is O +, O +the O +formulation O +of O +CDP B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +choline I-Chemical +catalyzed O +by O +CTP O +: O +cholinephosphate O +cytidyltransferase O +[ O +EC O +2 O +. O +7 O +. O +7 O +. O +15 O +] O +, O +an O +enzyme O +on O +the O +microsomal O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +H O ++ O +influx O +was O +not O +observed O +when O +lysozyme O +- O +treated O +cells O +were O +incubated O +with O +CaCl2 B-Chemical +or O +MgCl2 O +prior O +to O +the O +hypotonic O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +fragments O +have O +terminal O +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +hydroxyl I-Chemical +and O +3 O +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +groups O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +rates O +of O +reaction O +of O +myoglobin O +with O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +at O +low O +pH O +are O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +Upon O +removal O +of O +the O +nucleus O +from O +rat O +hepatoma O +tissue O +culture O +cells O +, O +levels O +of O +the O +enzyme O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +no O +longer O +change O +in O +response O +to O +withdrawal O +of O +glucocorticoids O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +effects O +of O +enucleation O +occur O +very O +rapidly O +and O +appear O +to O +be O +specific O +for O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +and O +a O +small O +number O +of O +other O +unstable O +hepatoma O +proteins O +. O + +aps B-category +Human O +glutamine B-Chemical +phosphoribosylpyrophosphate O +amidotransferase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +adenylate O +energy O +charge O +of O +human O +ejaculated O +spermatozoa O +was O +studied O +when O +the O +sperm O +motility O +was O +perturbed O +by O +varying O +pH O +, O +prolonged O +incubation O +, O +and O +caffeine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Below O +pH O +8 O +, O +the O +motility O +also O +dropped O +drastically O +, O +but O +the O +ATP O +, O +nucleotide B-Chemical +pool O +, O +and O +energy O +charge O +fell O +only O +slightly O +. O + +aps B-category +Caffeine B-Chemical +stimulation O +of O +the O +motility O +caused O +a O +rapid O +fall O +of O +ATP O +and O +the O +reduction O +of O +the O +physiological O +energy O +charge O +by O +0 O +. O +2 O +unit O +, O +unless O +glucose B-Chemical +was O +added O +. O + +aps B-category +Structural O +parameters O +of O +rhodopsin O +in O +disc O +membrane O +preparations O +from O +frog O +and O +cattle O +were O +studied O +by O +hydrogen B-Chemical +exchange O +methods O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +rhodopsin O +, O +other O +proteins O +generally O +have O +only O +20 O +to O +40 O +% O +free O +peptide O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +changes O +involve O +only O +a O +small O +fraction O +of O +the O +protein O +' O +s O +internally O +hydrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bonded I-Chemical +peptide O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +COOH O +- O +terminal O +669 O +residues O +of O +the O +peptide O +chain O +; O +comparison O +with O +other O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenases O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +this O +sequence O +with O +those O +of O +the O +vertebrate O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenases O +of O +chicken O +and O +bovine O +liver O +and O +with O +the O +NADP O +- O +specific O +enzyme O +of O +Neurospora O +shows O +some O +similarities O +in O +sequences O +around O +residues O +previously O +identified O +as O +important O +for O +the O +function O +of O +these O +enzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +Despite O +these O +similarities O +, O +comparison O +of O +the O +sequence O +of O +the O +NAD O +- O +enzyme O +with O +those O +of O +the O +other O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenases O +of O +known O +sequences O +revealed O +relatively O +little O +overall O +homology O +as O +determined O +by O +computer O +analysis O +. 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O +5 O +, O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +02 O +, O +n O += O +7 O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +five O +additional O +experiments O +where O +aldosterone B-Chemical +produced O +no O +significant O +stimulation O +of O +H O ++ O +transport O +, O +no O +change O +was O +noted O +in O +any O +of O +the O +metabolic O +or O +transport O +characteristics O +measured O +, O +suggesting O +that O +the O +alterations O +discussed O +above O +are O +dependent O +on O +the O +stimulation O +of O +H O ++ O +transport O +by O +the O +hormone O +. O + +aps B-category +Recent O +observations O +from O +this O +laboratory O +have O +demonstrated O +, O +however O +, O +that O +the O +decrement O +in O +[ O +HCO O +( O +- O +) O +( O +3 O +) O +] O +, O +which O +" O +protects O +" O +extracellular O +pH O +in O +normal O +dogs O +, O +is O +simply O +the O +by O +- O +product O +of O +a O +nonspecific O +effect O +of O +Paco O +( O +2 O +) O +on O +renal O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +secretion O +; O +chronic O +primary O +hypocapnia O +produces O +virtually O +the O +same O +decrement O +in O +plasma O +[ O +HCO O +( O +- O +) O +( O +3 O +) O +] O +in O +dogs O +with O +chronic O +HCl O +acidosis O +as O +in O +normal O +dogs O +( O +Delta O +[ O +HCO O +( O +- O +) O +( O +3 O +) O +] O +/ O +DeltaPaco O +( O +2 O +) O += O +0 O +. O +5 O +) O +, O +with O +the O +result O +that O +plasma O +[ O +H O +( O ++ O +) O +] O +in O +animals O +with O +severe O +acidosis O +rises O +rather O +than O +falls O +during O +superimposed O +forced O +hyperventilation O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +isolate O +the O +possible O +effects O +of O +secondary O +hypocapnia O +from O +those O +of O +the O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +load O +, O +per O +se O +, O +animals O +were O +maintained O +in O +an O +atmosphere O +of O +2 O +. O +6 O +% O +CO O +( O +2 O +) O +during O +an O +initial O +8 O +- O +day O +period O +of O +acid O +feeding O +( O +7 O +mmol O +/ O +kg O +per O +day O +) O +; O +this O +maneuver O +allowed O +Paco O +( O +2 O +) O +to O +be O +held O +constant O +at O +the O +control O +level O +of O +36 O +mm O +Hg O +despite O +the O +hyperventilation O +induced O +by O +the O +acidemia O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +response O +to O +this O +secondary O +hypocapnia O +, O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +concentration O +fell O +by O +an O +additional O +3 O +. O +0 O +meq O +/ O +liter O +to O +a O +new O +steady O +- O +state O +level O +of O +13 O +. O +0 O +meq O +/ O +liter O +. O + +aps B-category +That O +the O +fall O +in O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +observed O +in O +response O +to O +chronic O +secondary O +hypocapnia O +was O +the O +result O +of O +the O +change O +in O +Paco O +( O +2 O +) O +was O +confirmed O +by O +the O +observation O +that O +plasma O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +returned O +to O +its O +eucapnic O +level O +in O +a O +subgroup O +of O +animals O +re O +- O +exposed O +to O +2 O +. O +6 O +% O +CO O +( O +2 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +absence O +of O +added O +calcium B-Chemical +, O +protein O +coagulation O +occurred O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +method O +is O +described O +for O +the O +adsorption O +of O +selected O +macromolecules O +to O +colloidal O +gold B-Chemical +which O +is O +then O +used O +as O +an O +electron O +dense O +marker O +for O +the O +indirect O +detection O +of O +specific O +cell O +surface O +molecules O +. O + +aps B-category +Goat O +anti O +- O +human O +IgM O +on O +blood O +lymphocytes O +is O +detected O +with O +gold B-Chemical +labeled O +rabbit O +anti O +- O +goat O +IgG O +. O + +aps B-category +Colloidal O +gold B-Chemical +is O +inexpensive O +and O +preparation O +of O +a O +useful O +label O +is O +rapid O +, O +reproducible O +and O +the O +results O +easily O +quantitated O +from O +electron O +micrographs O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Multiple O +forms O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +glutathione B-Chemical +reductase O +in O +serum O +. O + +aps B-category +Sera O +with O +elevated O +activities O +of O +glutathione B-Chemical +reductase O +were O +investigated O +by O +gel O +electrophoresis O +in O +agar O +or O +polyacrylamide O +, O +and O +by O +gel O +filtration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +other O +two O +fractions O +reappeared O +after O +removal O +of O +the O +thiol B-Chemical +from O +the O +serum O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +electrodes O +indicate O +that O +ECl O +approximately O +Em O +when O +the O +cells O +are O +bathed O +in O +normal O +barnacle O +saline O +, O +and O +both O +electrodes O +showed O +the O +rate O +of O +Cl O +washout O +( O +tau O +approximately O +5 O +min O +) O +to O +be O +independent O +of O +Cli O +when O +Cl0 O +was O +replaced O +by O +glutamate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +polysaccharide O +was O +formed O +from O +a O +variety O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +substrates O +and O +its O +composition O +was O +not O +affected O +by O +the O +nature O +of O +the O +carbohydrate O +source O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +efficiency O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +conversion O +into O +exopolysaccharide O +was O +low O +. O + +aps B-category +Optimum O +polymerase O +activity O +was O +found O +between O +45 O +to O +50 O +degrees O +C O +, O +at O +pH O +8 O +, O +and O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +10 O +mM B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +magnesium I-Chemical +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +Brain O +tyrosine B-Chemical +level O +controls O +striatal O +dopamine B-Chemical +synthesis O +in O +haloperidol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +rats O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +comparison O +of O +the O +dissolution O +rates O +of O +caffeine B-Chemical +tablets O +in O +a O +rotating O +- O +basket O +with O +those O +in O +a O +Sartorius O +dissolution O +tester O +. O + +aps B-category +Also O +it O +was O +difficult O +to O +ensure O +that O +the O +characteristic O +changes O +in O +the O +process O +of O +dissolution O +paralleled O +the O +curves O +obtained O +from O +a O +plot O +of O +% O +caffeine B-Chemical +dissolved O +vs O +time O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +age O +and O +thyroid O +hormones O +upon O +the O +ability O +of O +chick O +heart O +homogenates O +to O +metabolize O +monoamines B-Chemical +has O +been O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +specific O +activities O +of O +both O +clorgyline O +- O +sensitive O +and O +resistant O +enzymes O +are O +increased O +by O +the O +same O +proportion O +by O +increase O +in O +age O +or O +by O +treatment O +with O +( O +- O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +thyroxine I-Chemical +, O +and O +decreased O +by O +2 O +- O +thiouracil O +. O + +aps B-category +Each O +agonist O +was O +compared O +with O +( O +- O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +isoprenaline I-Chemical +as O +the O +reference O +by O +constructing O +dose O +- O +response O +curves O +. O + +aps B-category +Statistical O +analysis O +revealed O +that O +( O +- O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +noradrenaline I-Chemical +and O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +- O +alpha O +- O +methylnoradrenaline O +were O +tension O +selective O +whereas O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +- O +alpha O +- O +ethylisoprenaline O +and O +N O +- O +methyldopamine O +were O +rate O +selective O +relative O +to O +( O +- O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +isoprenaline I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Apomorphine B-Chemical +( O +0 O +- O +2 O +- O +8 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +) O +, O +piribedil O +( O +2 O +- O +5 O +- O +10 O +mg O +kt O +- O +1 O +) O +and O +haloperidol B-Chemical +( O +0 O +- O +5 O +- O +1 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +) O +had O +no O +influence O +on O +the O +duration O +of O +the O +hypersynchrony O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +lack O +of O +effect O +of O +the O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptor O +agonists O +apomorphine B-Chemical +and O +piribedil O +, O +and O +the O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptor O +blocker O +haloperidol B-Chemical +, O +on O +the O +gamma O +- O +HB O +- O +induced O +hypersynchrony O +might O +indicate O +that O +the O +inhibition O +of O +the O +impulse O +flow O +in O +the O +nigrostriatal O +dopamine B-Chemical +system O +by O +gamma O +- O +HB O +is O +not O +involved O +in O +the O +generation O +of O +the O +hypersynchrony O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +antagonism O +of O +gamma O +- O +HB O +by O +amphetamine B-Chemical +is O +possibly O +due O +to O +an O +indirect O +stimulatory O +effect O +on O +noradrenergic O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +promethazine B-Chemical +on O +the O +antinociceptive O +and O +respiratory O +actions O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +have O +been O +examined O +in O +the O +mouse O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +a O +number O +of O +potential O +antagonists O +of O +dantrolene B-Chemical +sodium B-Chemical +have O +been O +studied O +on O +twitches O +of O +the O +isolated O +hemidiaphragm O +preparation O +of O +the O +rat O +stimulated O +directly O +at O +a O +frequency O +of O +0 O +- O +1 O +Hz O +, O +after O +complete O +neuromuscular O +block O +produced O +by O +tubocurarine O +or O +erabutoxin O +a O +. O + +aps B-category +Contracture O +was O +the O +main O +feature O +of O +the O +response O +to O +A23187 O +, O +the O +increase O +in O +the O +tension O +of O +the O +dantrolene B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +depressed I-Chemical +twitches O +being O +very O +slight O +. O + +aps B-category +OF O +these O +, O +4 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminopyridine I-Chemical +and O +quinine B-Chemical +were O +the O +most O +potent O +on O +a O +molar O +basis O +. O + +aps B-category +N O +- O +( O +2 O +- O +Carboxyphenyl O +) O +- O +4 O +- O +chloroanthranilic O +acid O +disodium O +salt B-Chemical +: O +a O +novel O +anti O +- O +arthritic O +agent O +without O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +and O +immunosuppressive O +activities O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dissolution O +mechanism O +in O +a O +system O +undergoing O +complexation O +: O +salicylamide O +in O +caffeine B-Chemical +solution O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +shifts O +occurred O +at O +higher O +caffeine B-Chemical +concentrations O +on O +increasing O +the O +agitation O +rate O +or O +temperature O +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +for O +more O +than O +one O +type O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +receptor O +in O +the O +human O +colon O +. O + +aps B-category +Relaxations O +of O +the O +longitudinal O +muscle O +to O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +were O +antagonized O +by O +concentrations O +of O +methysergide B-Chemical +known O +to O +be O +selective O +. O + +aps B-category +Responses O +of O +both O +types O +of O +muscle O +to O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +were O +partially O +reduced O +by O +tetrodotoxin O +. O + +aps B-category +PIT O +( O +0 O +- O +5 O +- O +- O +2 O +- O +5 O +muM O +) O +potentiated O +the O +ATP O +- O +induced O +contractions O +and O +also O +the O +contractions O +produced O +by O +potassium B-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +, O +though O +the O +potentiation O +could O +not O +be O +related O +to O +the O +dose O +in O +every O +experiment O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +two O +non O +tricyclic O +antidepressant B-Chemical +drugs O +on O +[ O +14C O +] O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +uptake O +by O +rat O +platelets O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +these O +conditions O +, O +the O +effect O +of O +two O +non O +tricyclic O +antidepressant B-Chemical +drugs O +( O +Lilly O +110140 O +and O +trazodone B-Chemical +) O +was O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Trazodone B-Chemical +also O +inhibited O +14C B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +uptake O +by O +platelets O +but O +to O +a O +lesser O +extent O +than O +chlorimipramine O +, O +imipramine B-Chemical +or O +Lilly O +110140 O +. O +m O +- O +Chlorophenylpiperazine O +, O +a O +possible O +metabolite O +of O +trazodone B-Chemical +, O +was O +about O +3 O +times O +more O +potent O +an O +inhibitor O +than O +the O +parent O +molecule O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +effect O +was O +inhibited O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +and O +H O +35 O +/ O +25 O +( O +1 O +- O +( O +p O +- O +tolyl O +- O +2 O +- O +isopropylamino O +- O +1 O +- O +propanol O +) O +but O +not O +by O +practolol O +. O + +aps B-category +Tazolol O +and O +H O +80 O +/ O +62 O +( O +1 O +- O +isopropylamino O +- O +3 O +- O +( O +p O +- O +hydroxyphenoxy O +) O +- O +2 O +- O +propanol O +( O +HCl O +) O +, O +selective O +beta1 O +- O +agonists O +, O +had O +no O +effect O +per O +se O +but O +inhibited O +the O +effect O +of O +terbutaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Tyramine O +did O +not O +appreciably O +affect O +the O +contractions O +nor O +did O +it O +inhibit O +the O +effect O +of O +terbutaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Biochemical O +and O +pharmacological O +studies O +on O +amineptine O +( O +S O +1694 O +) O +and O +( O ++ O +) O +- B-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +in O +the O +rat O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +S O +pneumoniae O +isolate O +was O +resistant O +to O +a O +30microgram O +tetracycline B-Chemical +disk O +and O +showed O +an O +MIC O +of O +3 O +. O +13microgram O +/ O +ml O +for O +minocycline B-Chemical +and O +12 O +. O +5 O +microgram O +/ O +ml O +for O +tetracycline B-Chemical +; O +these O +levels O +are O +considered O +by O +the O +manufacturer O +to O +indicate O +sensitivity O +to O +minocycline B-Chemical +and O +intermediate O +sensitivity O +to O +tetracycline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +case O +suggests O +that O +the O +levels O +of O +minocycline B-Chemical +considered O +to O +indicate O +sensitivity O +in O +vitro O +be O +reassessed O +. O + +aps B-category +Flunitrazepam B-Chemical +( O +Rohypnol O +) O +was O +investigated O +as O +an O +intravenous O +induction O +agent O +for O +dental O +procedures O +in O +15 O +patients O +in O +a O +private O +anaesthetic O +practice O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +indicate O +that O +adequate O +anaesthesia O +can O +be O +maintained O +with O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +metoclopramide B-Chemical +on O +gastro O +- O +oesophageal O +reflux O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +critical O +factors O +such O +as O +optimal O +pH O +, O +incubation O +time O +, O +chloride B-Chemical +ion O +, O +and O +inactivation O +by O +EDTA O +and O +8 O +- O +hydroxyquinoline O +were O +examined O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +method O +was O +applied O +to O +the O +assay O +of O +angiotensin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +converting I-Chemical +enzyme O +in O +the O +rat O +serum O +and O +the O +reproducible O +values O +were O +obtained O +with O +a O +10 O +mul O +of O +the O +rat O +serum O +. O + +aps B-category +Lack O +of O +carcinogenicity O +of O +oxprenolol B-Chemical +, O +a O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blocking O +agent O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reaction O +was O +not O +inhibited O +by O +accumulation O +of O +product O +in O +the O +medium O +, O +but O +other O +steroids B-Chemical +such O +as O +progesterone B-Chemical +, O +epitestosterone O +( O +17alpha O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +4 O +- O +androsten O +- O +3 O +- O +one O +) O +and O +3 O +- O +oxo O +- O +4 O +- O +androstene O +- O +17beta O +- O +carboxylic O +acid O +were O +potent O +competitive O +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +of O +glutathione B-Chemical +reduced O +the O +irreversible O +or O +covalent O +association O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +rise O +in O +the O +level O +of O +carbonic O +acid O +in O +animal O +blood O +at O +practically O +unchanged O +pH O +causes O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +value O +of O +free O +[ O +NAD O ++ O +] O +/ O +[ O +NADH O +] O +and O +[ O +NADP O ++ O +] O +/ O +[ O +NADPH B-Chemical +] O +ratios O +in O +the O +liver O +cells O +cytoplasm O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +level O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +, O +glutamate B-Chemical +and O +citrate B-Chemical +in O +these O +tissues O +also O +grows O +. O + +aps B-category +Synthetic O +drugs O +include O +quaternary B-Chemical +ammonium I-Chemical +compounds O +with O +antimuscarinic O +activity O +such O +as O +methantheline O +, O +propantheline O +, O +and O +other O +drugs O +such O +as O +isopropamide O +, O +pipenzolate O +methylbromide O +, O +and O +diphemanil O +methylsulfate O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Method O +of O +stabilizing O +ketamine B-Chemical +anesthesia O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +studies O +of O +ketamine B-Chemical +anesthesis O +with O +ganglionic O +blockade O +and O +without O +the O +latter O +illustrated O +the O +advantages O +of O +the O +suggested O +method O +. O + +aps B-category +Content O +of O +NAD O +was O +decreased O +simultaneously O +with O +an O +increase O +in O +content O +of O +NADP O +; O +the O +activity O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +was O +distinctly O +increased O +but O +the O +unaltered O +activity O +of O +6 O +- O +phosphogluconate O +dehydrogenase O +was O +observed O +; O +content O +of O +reduced B-Chemical +glutathione I-Chemical +was O +increased O +15 O +- O +fold O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Specificity O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +pre O +- O +tumorous O +diseases O +and O +cancer O +of O +the O +human O +stomach O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Content O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +was O +decreased O +in O +blood O +of O +patients O +with O +gastric O +carcinoma O +and O +increased O +in O +mucous O +membrane O +adjacent O +to O +the O +malignant O +tissue O +. 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O + +aps B-category +This O +suggests O +that O +to O +be O +effective O +the O +metabolites O +of O +sulphasalazine B-Chemical +must O +be O +delivered O +in O +the O +faeces O +to O +the O +lumen O +of O +the O +diseased O +distal O +segment O +of O +the O +colon O +. O + +aps B-category +Release O +of O +radiolabeled O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +serotonin B-Chemical +, O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +and O +GABA B-Chemical +from O +slices O +of O +rat O +striatum O +after O +intrastriatal O +kainic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +injections O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +the O +activity O +and O +amounts O +of O +enzymes O +synthesizing O +catecholamines B-Chemical +and O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +in O +brain O +, O +adrenal O +medulla O +, O +and O +sympathetic O +ganglia O +of O +aged O +rat O +and O +mouse O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +castration O +and O +testosterone B-Chemical +treatment O +on O +catecholamine B-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +ventral O +prostates O +of O +normal O +and O +chemically O +sympathectomized O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +least O +part O +of O +the O +LA3 O ++ O +response O +in O +the O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +and O +phosphate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +buffered I-Chemical +solutions O +was O +due O +to O +a O +pH O +shift O +and O +could O +be O +mimicked O +by O +raising O +the O +extracellular O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +[ O +H O ++ O +] O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +urinary O +volume O +and O +electrolyte O +excretion O +were O +monitored O +after O +the O +injection O +of O +cholinergic O +and O +monoaminergic O +drugs O +into O +the O +third O +cerebral O +ventricle O +of O +conscious O +male O +rats O +made O +diuretic B-Chemical +by O +an O +intravenous O +infusion O +of O +5 O +% O +dextrose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +beta O +- O +receptor O +stimulator O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +( O +ISO O +) O +induced O +an O +antinatriuretic O +and O +antikaliuretic O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blocker O +propranolol B-Chemical +induced O +a O +natriuresis O +and O +kaliuresis O +when O +injected O +alone O +and O +an O +additive O +effect O +when O +its O +injection O +was O +followed O +by O +NE O +or O +HS O +. O + +aps B-category +Cholinergic O +blockade O +with O +atropine B-Chemical +diminished O +the O +response O +to O +NE O +and O +blocked O +the O +natriuretic O +response O +to O +HS O +. O + +aps B-category +Bile B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +salt I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +and O +independent O +choleresis O +induced O +by O +bucolome O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +1 O +- O +h O +continuous O +bile O +collection O +studies O +, O +immediately O +after O +the O +interruption O +of O +enterohepatic O +circulation O +( O +acute O +interruption O +) O +, O +both O +bile O +flow O +and O +bile B-Chemical +salt I-Chemical +excretion O +rates O +were O +significantly O +increased O +in O +rats O +administered O +BC O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Citrate B-Chemical +had O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +inducible O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Thirty O +- O +nine O +strains O +from O +the O +genus O +Monascus O +were O +cultivated O +aerobically O +to O +study O +the O +relation O +between O +nitrogen B-Chemical +nutrition O +and O +sporulation O +and O +pigment O +production O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +source O +of O +nitrogen B-Chemical +is O +yeast O +extract O +or O +nitrate B-Chemical +the O +pH O +is O +around O +6 O +. O +5 O +and O +red O +pigments O +are O +formed O +, O +whereas O +with O +ammonium B-Chemical +or O +ammonium B-Chemical +nitrate B-Chemical +the O +pH O +is O +around O +2 O +. O +5 O +and O +the O +pigments O +are O +orange O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduced O +growth O +and O +best O +pigment O +formation O +occurs O +with O +the O +three O +other O +nitrogen B-Chemical +sources O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Metabolic O +clearance O +and O +production O +rates O +of O +testosterone B-Chemical +at O +different O +times O +of O +the O +year O +in O +male O +caribou O +and O +reindeer O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +reappraisal O +in O +the O +light O +of O +clinical O +studies O +with O +clozapine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +N O +- O +methyl O +- O +N O +' O +- O +nitro O +- O +N O +- O +nitrosoguanidine O +( O +MNNG O +) O +on O +the O +guanylate O +cyclase O +( O +GC O +) O +- B-Chemical +guanosine I-Chemical +3 O +' O +5 O +' O +monophosphate O +( O +cGMP B-Chemical +) O +system O +of O +rat O +colonic O +mucosa O +were O +studied O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Use O +of O +an O +enzymatic O +kit O +method O +for O +cholesterol B-Chemical +, O +designed O +for O +continuous O +- O +flow O +instrumentation O +, O +with O +discrete O +bichromatic O +and O +centrifugal O +analyzers O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +pH O +7 O +. O +2 O +, O +color O +develops O +within O +3 O +min O +upon O +exposure O +to O +cholesterol B-Chemical +, O +then O +begins O +to O +fade O +. O + +aps B-category +Optimal O +concentrations O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +, O +substrate O +and O +coenzyme O +for O +this O +oxidation O +by O +sera O +from O +patients O +with O +disease O +of O +the O +heart O +or O +liver O +have O +been O +determined O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +. O +The O +linearity O +of O +this O +reaction O +is O +limited O +to O +a O +point O +at O +which O +an O +assay O +procedure O +employing O +a O +2 O +- O +hydroxyburyrate O +substrate O +seems O +unsuitable O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +ATP O +- O +depleted O +cells O +, O +the O +maltose O +transported O +is O +partially O +hydrolyzed O +to O +glucose B-Chemical +but O +not O +further O +metabolized O +and O +therefore O +a O +mechanism O +of O +transport O +involving O +phosphorylation O +can O +be O +discarded O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +estimated O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +was O +increased O +in O +the O +operated O +leg O +the O +first O +10 O +min O +after O +tourniquet O +release O +. O + +aps B-category +Adrenaline B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +adenylate O +cyclase O +of O +human O +fat O +cell O +ghosts O +: O +properties O +and O +hormone O +- O +sensitivity O +. O + +aps B-category +101 O +patients O +were O +treated O +for O +acute O +acetylsalicylic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +ASA O +) O +poisoning O +in O +the O +Nephrological O +Unit O +Trondheim O +between O +1971 O +- O +1975 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +PGE O +- O +like O +release O +had O +a O +threshold O +at O +about O +2 O +microgram O +/ O +ml O +of O +tryptamine O +or O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +and O +did O +not O +increase O +with O +increasing O +doses O +( O +up O +to O +10 O +microgram O +/ O +ml O +) O +; O +this O +release O +was O +abolished O +by O +methysergide B-Chemical +, O +BC O +105 O +and O +BW O +501c67 O +but O +not O +by O +morphine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +depolarized O +aorta O +, O +PTX O +did O +not O +induce O +a O +contraction O +whereas O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +( O +NE O +) O +did O +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +nitroprusside B-Chemical +inhibited O +only O +the O +effect O +of O +NE O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Comparison O +of O +an O +aceclidine O +tremor O +with O +arecoline O +and O +nicotine B-Chemical +ones O +in O +rats O +of O +different O +ages O +] O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Dissociation O +between O +cortisol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +pycnosis O +and O +inhibition O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +uridine B-Chemical +incorporation O +in O +rat O +thymocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +cortisol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +cells O +could O +be O +distinguished O +, O +and O +dose O +- O +response O +curves O +for O +a O +number O +of O +glucocorticoids O +showed O +a O +correlation O +to O +the O +saturation O +of O +the O +glucocorticoid O +receptors O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +activities O +of O +this O +compound O +resembled O +those O +of O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +serum O +corticosterone B-Chemical +level O +was O +increased O +and O +shortly O +after O +the O +elevation O +of O +corticosterone B-Chemical +, O +hepatic O +TAT O +levels O +also O +increased O +. O + +aps B-category +Acebutolol O +exhibited O +the O +beta O +blocking O +activity O +and O +inhibited O +the O +increase O +of O +serum O +lactate B-Chemical +concentration O +induced O +by O +adrenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +hyperglycemic O +and O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +effects O +of O +adrenaline B-Chemical +, O +acebutolol O +inhibited O +the O +adrenaline B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +increase O +more O +effectively O +than O +hyperglycemia O +induced O +by O +adrenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +acebutolol O +is O +beta1 O +selective O +, O +although O +its O +beta O +blocking O +potency O +is O +less O +than O +that O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Taking O +the O +used O +contraceptive O +method O +into O +consideration O +, O +IUDs O +and O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptives I-Chemical +caused O +most O +of O +the O +bacterial O +discharge O +and O +the O +expected O +shifting O +to O +alkaline O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Modified O +metabolic O +effects O +of O +adrenaline B-Chemical +in O +cold O +- O +acclimation O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +examined O +the O +interaction O +of O +lithium B-Chemical +administration O +and O +the O +infant O +stimulation O +procedure O +of O +handling O +on O +hormonally O +regulated O +enzymes O +of O +liver O +. 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O + +aps B-category +All O +monosaccharides B-Chemical +, O +purines O +, O +pyrimidines O +, O +and O +nucleosides B-Chemical +tested O +failed O +to O +induce O +germination O +of O +T O +. O +mentagrophytes O +arthrospores O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +compounds O +produce O +an O +increase O +of O +slow O +and O +decrease O +of O +fast O +activities O +, O +anxiolytic O +substances O +induce O +an O +augmentation O +of O +fast O +waves O +, O +decrease O +of O +alpha O +waves O +and O +- O +- O +according O +to O +the O +sedative O +properties O +of O +the O +drug O +- O +- O +an O +increase O +or O +decrease O +of O +slow O +waves O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +reaction O +is O +not O +inhibited O +by O +benzoate O +, O +mannitol B-Chemical +, O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +, O +or O +catalase O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +suggests O +OH O +- O +, O +H2O2 B-Chemical +, O +and O +O O +- O +2 O +are O +not O +likely O +to O +be O +the O +reactive O +oxygen B-Chemical +species O +in O +this O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +suggest O +a O +singlet O +oxygen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +mediated I-Chemical +process O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +H2O2 B-Chemical +has O +been O +found O +as O +one O +of O +the O +products O +. O + +aps B-category +Levels O +of O +glycolytic O +, O +citric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +cycle O +and O +other O +intermediates O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +NH3 O +, O +ribulose O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +, O +glycerol O +, O +and O +succinate O +were O +measured O +in O +perchloric O +acid O +extracts O +of O +biopsies O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +level O +of O +6 O +- O +phosphogluconate O +and O +ribulose O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +also O +increased O +, O +in O +spite O +of O +a O +constant O +NADP O ++ O +/ O +NADPH B-Chemical +ratio O +. O + +aps B-category +Calculation O +of O +the O +ratio O +of O +the O +oxidized O +to O +reduced O +form O +of O +diphosphopyridine O +nucleotide B-Chemical +indicated O +a O +fall O +of O +the O +ratio O +in O +the O +cytoplasm O +and O +a O +rise O +in O +the O +mitochondria O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +enzyme O +that O +hydrolyzes O +the O +O O +- O +glycosidic O +linkage O +between O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +N I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +galactosamine I-Chemical +and O +serine O +or O +threonine O +in O +mucins O +and O +mucin O +- O +type O +glycoproteins O +was O +purified O +by O +chromatography O +on O +an O +Affi O +- O +Gel O +202 O +column O +or O +isoelectric O +focusing O +from O +filtrates O +of O +Diplococcus O +pneumoniae O +cultures O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +releases O +the O +disaccharide O +Gal O +- O +GalNAc O +from O +a O +variety O +of O +glycopeptide O +and O +glycoprotein O +substrates O +and O +appears O +to O +have O +a O +specific O +requirement O +for O +an O +unsubstituted O +galactose B-Chemical +in O +the O +nonreducing O +terminus O +and O +an O +alpha O +linkage O +between O +N O +- O +acetylgalactosamine O +and O +the O +aglycone O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +specific O +activity O +of O +Neurospora O +crassa O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +varies O +according O +to O +the O +nitrogen B-Chemical +source O +in O +which O +the O +organism O +is O +grown O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relative O +rates O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +synthesis O +and O +degradation O +were O +measured O +in O +exponential O +cultures O +grown O +in O +different O +nitrogen B-Chemical +sources O +. O + +aps B-category +Product O +activation O +of O +17beta O +- O +hydroxysteroid O +oxidoreductase O +for O +testosterone B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +the O +granular O +glands O +of O +the O +South O +African O +clawed O +toad O +and O +the O +grass O +frog O +, O +which O +were O +stimulated O +by O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +agents O +, O +those O +of O +the O +red O +- O +spotted O +newt O +discharge O +in O +response O +to O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +, O +either O +in O +vitro O +when O +added O +to O +the O +Holtfreter O +' O +s O +solution O +in O +which O +explants O +were O +incubated O +, O +or O +in O +vivo O +when O +injected O +subcutaneously O +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulation O +of O +the O +granular O +glands O +by O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +was O +blocked O +by O +atopine O +but O +not O +by O +tubocurarie O +, O +indicating O +that O +the O +cholinergic O +receptors O +are O +muscarinic O +rather O +than O +nicotinic O +. O + +aps B-category +Glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenases O +from O +tissues O +of O +the O +ribbed O +mussel O +Modiolus O +demissus O +: O +ADP O +activation O +and O +possible O +physiological O +significance O +. O + +aps B-category +Activity O +levels O +were O +low O +( O +0 O +. O +1 O +- O +0 O +. O +4 O +mumoles O +/ O +min O +/ O +g O +wet O +weight O +) O +in O +all O +tissues O +when O +assayed O +in O +the O +glutamate B-Chemical +forming O +direction O +. O + +aps B-category +ADP O +at O +apparent O +Ka O +concentrations O +of O +micrometer O +( O +glutamate B-Chemical +formation O +) O +and O +170 O +micrometer O +( O +glutamate B-Chemical +deamination O +) O +enhanced O +GDH O +activity O +, O +8 O +- O +and O +4 O +- O +fold O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +based O +on O +the O +low O +activities O +obtained O +, O +the O +role O +of O +GDH O +in O +salinity O +induced O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesis O +seems O +minimal O +. 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O + +aps B-category +We O +wish O +to O +report O +the O +elimaination O +curves O +of O +" O +total O +estrogens B-Chemical +" O +during O +normal O +pregnancies O +and O +their O +allowable O +limits O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +study O +of O +circulating O +catecholamines B-Chemical +, O +which O +appears O +to O +be O +the O +best O +and O +most O +reliable O +indirect O +means O +to O +evaluate O +the O +sympathetic O +activity O +in O +the O +human O +, O +at O +present O +, O +has O +indicated O +that O +25 O +to O +40 O +per O +cent O +of O +patients O +with O +essential O +hypertension O +are O +characterized O +by O +higher O +basal O +circulating O +catecholamines B-Chemical +and O +by O +a O +higher O +sympathetic O +reactivity O +in O +response O +to O +postural O +changes O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +different O +potencies O +among O +these O +beta O +- O +adrenoreceptor O +antagonists O +against O +various O +kinds O +of O +experimental O +arrhythmias O +cannot O +be O +simply O +deduced O +from O +any O +one O +of O +the O +following O +properties O +; O +beta O +- O +adrenoreceptor O +antagonism O +, O +intrinsic O +myocardial O +stimulation O +, O +local O +anaesthetic O +and O +so O +- O +called O +quinidine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +like I-Chemical +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Volunteer O +subjects O +were O +used O +to O +compare O +a O +potential O +antianxiety O +drug O +( O +nabilone O +, O +2 O +- O +mg O +single O +doses O +) O +with O +a O +standard O +drug O +( O +diazepam B-Chemical +, O +5 O +- O +mg O +single O +doses O +) O +. 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O +08 O +milligrams O +diminished O +fetal O +heart O +rate O +variability O +in O +all O +7 O +patients O +and O +physostigmine B-Chemical +reversed O +this O +loss O +of O +fetal O +heart O +rate O +variability O +in O +all O +7 O +patients O +within O +4 O +to O +17 O +minutes O +after O +injection O +of O +the O +first O +dose O +of O +physostigmine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +seems O +tenable O +from O +this O +study O +that O +physostigmine B-Chemical +does O +cross O +the O +placental O +barrier O +and O +enters O +the O +fetal O +circulation O +and O +that O +this O +usually O +occurs O +within O +3 O +to O +17 O +minutes O +with O +an O +average O +of O +approximately O +9 O +minutes O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Steroid B-Chemical +absorption O +- O +use O +of O +the O +substituent O +constant O +pi O +' O +. O + +aps B-category +Tablets O +prepared O +from O +microcrystalline O +cellulose O +showed O +very O +high O +adhesions O +despite O +having O +relatively O +smooth O +surfaces O +, O +owing O +to O +the O +surface O +being O +saturated O +with O +hydroxyl B-Chemical +groups O +able O +to O +form O +hydrogen B-Chemical +bonds O +with O +the O +corresponding O +groups O +on O +the O +polymer O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +lubricant O +concentration O +on O +the O +adhesion O +could O +be O +expressed O +by O +an O +equation O +similar O +to O +that O +proposed O +by O +Hofrichter O +& O +amp O +; O +McLaren O +( O +1948 O +) O +for O +the O +adhesion O +of O +vinyl O +chloride B-Chemical +/ O +vinyl O +acetate O +copolymers O +to O +regenerated O +cellulose O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +three O +pulmonary O +metabolites O +of O +prostaglandins B-Chemical +E2 O +and O +F2alpha O +on O +the O +guinea O +- O +pig O +tracheal O +muscle O +in O +vitro O +and O +on O +lung O +resistance O +in O +vivo O +were O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +15 O +- O +oxo O +PGF2alpha B-Chemical +relaxed O +some O +tracheal O +preparations O +but O +stimulated O +others O +, O +the O +stimulant O +action O +having O +a O +threshold O +dose O +range O +some O +10 O +- O +25 O +times O +lower O +than O +the O +relaxant O +doses O +. O + +aps B-category +Prostaglandin B-Chemical +E2 I-Chemical +and O +its O +three O +pulmonary O +metabolites O +produced O +relaxation O +of O +guinea O +pig O +trachea O +in O +vitro O +and O +decreased O +lung O +resistance O +in O +vivo O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +in O +vitro O +effects O +of O +PGF2alpha B-Chemical +and O +its O +metabolites O +were O +selectively O +blocked O +by O +polyphloretin O +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +An O +analysis O +of O +the O +inhibitory O +effects O +and O +of O +possible O +prostaglandins B-Chemical +antagonism O +of O +chloroquine B-Chemical +in O +the O +guinea O +- O +pig O +isolated O +ileum O +. O + +aps B-category +Multiple O +brain O +sites O +involved O +in O +morphine B-Chemical +antinociception O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +actions O +of O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +and O +putative O +serotonin B-Chemical +receptor O +antagonists O +on O +LSD O +and O +quipazine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +reductions O +of O +brain O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HIAA I-Chemical +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +Difference O +in O +the O +mechanisms O +by O +which O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +and O +histamine B-Chemical +interact O +with O +Ca2 O ++ O +to O +contract O +the O +rabbit O +taenia O +coli O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +delta9 O +- O +tetrahydrocannabinol O +on O +serum O +thyroxine B-Chemical +concentrations O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +solubilization O +and O +dissolution O +of O +progesterone B-Chemical +by O +bile B-Chemical +salt I-Chemical +mixtures O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Receptors O +involved O +in O +inhibition O +of O +the O +response O +to O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +released O +from O +the O +myenteric O +plexus O +of O +the O +guinea O +- O +pig O +ileum O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +proteolytic O +enzymes O +on O +the O +disposition O +of O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Heparin B-Chemical +stability O +in O +dextrose B-Chemical +solutions O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +CTAB O +on O +the O +radiation O +sensitivity O +of O +benzocaine O +to O +hydrated O +electrons O +and O +hydroxyl B-Chemical +radicals O +in O +aqueous O +solution O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +amikacin B-Chemical +on O +autonomic O +and O +neuromuscular O +transmission O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Potentiation O +by O +metoclopramide B-Chemical +of O +responses O +to O +cholinergic O +nerve O +stimulation O +in O +the O +isolated O +gastric O +fundus O +preparation O +of O +the O +rat O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +on O +the O +hypoglycaemic O +action O +of O +gliclazide B-Chemical +, O +a O +sulphonyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +urea I-Chemical +drug O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetics O +of O +a O +transient O +iodine B-Chemical +disinfecting O +system O +for O +hydrophilic O +contact O +lenses O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Influence O +of O +( O +ethoxy O +) O +5 O +octyl O +phenol B-Chemical +on O +the O +antibacterial O +properties O +of O +preservatives O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Elucidation O +of O +the O +nature O +of O +genetic O +damage O +formed O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +the O +sunscreening O +agent O +, O +para B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +benzoic O +acid O +, O +during O +irradiation O +with O +near O +ultraviolet O +light O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Antagonism O +of O +aminoglycoside B-Chemical +antibiotic O +action O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Degradation O +of O +( O +- O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +ephedrine I-Chemical +in O +solution O +and O +during O +extraction O +with O +diethyl O +ether B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +losses O +were O +, O +at O +least O +in O +part O +, O +caused O +by O +reaction O +of O +the O +ephedrine B-Chemical +with O +aldehydic O +impurities O +in O +the O +ether B-Chemical +; O +three O +substituted O +oxazolidines O +were O +identified O +, O +using O +g O +. O +l O +. O +c O +. O + +aps B-category +Alternative O +mechanisms O +for O +ephedrine B-Chemical +breakdown O +were O +considered O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +artifactual O +formation O +of O +cyanide O +by O +whole O +blood O +was O +reduced O +by O +exposure O +to O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Modification O +by O +monoamine O +oxidase O +inhibitors O +of O +the O +analgesic O +, O +hypothermic O +and O +toxic O +actions O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +pethidine B-Chemical +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +modification O +of O +pethidine B-Chemical +analgesia O +and O +hypothermia O +, O +but O +not O +morphine B-Chemical +analgesia O +, O +was O +antagonized O +by O +methysergide B-Chemical +( O +10 O +mg O +lg O +- O +1 O +, O +s O +. O +c O +. O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +increased O +lethality O +of O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +pethidine B-Chemical +induced O +by O +phenelzine O +was O +also O +prevented O +by O +methysergide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Delay O +of O +castor O +oil O +diarrhoea O +in O +rats O +: O +a O +new O +way O +to O +evaluate O +inhibitors O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +biosynthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Suprofen B-Chemical +, O +the O +most O +potent O +of O +the O +series O +of O +compounds O +, O +produced O +the O +1 O +h O +delay O +at O +an O +oral O +dose O +of O +1 O +. O +11 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +; O +the O +ED50 O +increased O +linearly O +to O +115 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +for O +a O +4 O +h O +delay O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +delay O +of O +castor O +oil O +- O +induced O +diarrhoea O +in O +rats O +allows O +a O +detailed O +characterization O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +like I-Chemical +compounds O +, O +and O +that O +inhibition O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +biosynthesis O +is O +insufficient O +to O +suppress O +the O +intestinal O +effects O +of O +the O +oil O +. O + +aps B-category +Molecular O +mechanisms O +of O +motor O +effects O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +cholera O +toxin O +in O +chicks O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fate O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +A1 O +- O +17 O +, O +18 O +- O +3H O +in O +the O +dog O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +5 O +, O +6 O +- O +dihydroxytryptamine O +on O +the O +head O +twitches O +induced O +by O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HTP I-Chemical +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +, O +mescaline O +and O +fludiazepam O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Compression O +data O +from O +different O +size O +fractions O +of O +lactose O +, O +chloroquine B-Chemical +diphosphate O +, O +stearic O +acid O +and O +calcium B-Chemical +carbonate I-Chemical +have O +been O +analysed O +using O +the O +Walker O +and O +the O +Heckel O +compression O +equations O +. O + +aps B-category +Toxic O +interactions O +between O +disulfiram B-Chemical +, O +and O +some O +centrally O +acting O +drugs O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +' O +Immunogenic O +impurities O +' O +in O +acetylsalicylic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +two O +linear O +polymers O +, O +polyethylene B-Chemical +glycol I-Chemical +6000 O +and O +povidone O +25 O +, O +000 O +, O +on O +the O +dissolution O +rate O +of O +three O +poorly O +soluble O +drugs O +, O +nitrofurantoin O +, O +ethotoin O +, O +and O +coumarin B-Chemical +, O +was O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +TLC O +and O +IR O +studies O +ruled O +out O +any O +interaction O +between O +the O +drugs O +and O +polyethylene B-Chemical +glycol I-Chemical +6000 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +method O +was O +tested O +on O +two O +data O +sets O +( O +tyrosine B-Chemical +and O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +dihydroxyadenine O +) O +and O +rendered O +pKa O +( O +thermodynamic O +) O +estimates O +in O +close O +agreement O +with O +those O +using O +other O +methods O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +determine O +the O +pharmacological O +significance O +of O +reported O +differences O +between O +species O +in O +l O +- O +bunolol O +metabolism O +, O +oral O +and O +intravenous O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +blocking O +activity O +against O +an O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +tachycardia O +was O +compared O +in O +dogs O +, O +rats O +, O +and O +humans O +. O + +aps B-category +Species O +differences O +in O +intravenous O +potency O +were O +minimal O +for O +both O +compounds O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +oral O +dose O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +Compounds O +VIII O +, O +IX O +, O +and O +X O +did O +not O +appear O +in O +the O +neutral O +region O +since O +ether B-Chemical +cleavage O +occurred O +only O +in O +strong O +mineral O +acids O +. O + +aps B-category +was O +measured O +with O +pH O +microelectrodes O +of O +tip O +size O +1 O +- O +3 O +mum O +in O +cortex O +and O +medulla O +in O +seventeen O +cats O +, O +anaesthetized O +with O +pentobarbitone O +or O +a O +chloralose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +urethane I-Chemical +mixture O +. O + +aps B-category +4 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminopyridine I-Chemical +( O +4 O +- O +AP O +, O +1 O +mM O +) O +increased O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +( O +NA O +) O +output O +from O +the O +perfused O +cat O +spleen O +at O +5 O +Hz O +by O +about O +fivefold O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +10 O +mM O +, O +it O +induced O +spontaneous O +release O +of O +NA O +which O +was O +insensitive O +to O +calcium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +4 O +- O +AP O +enhanced O +release O +at O +all O +calcium B-Chemical +concentrations O +up O +to O +5 O +mM O +, O +but O +maximum O +output O +was O +obtained O +at O +2 O +. O +5 O +mM O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +4 O +- O +AP O +inactivates O +potassium B-Chemical +current O +in O +sympathetic O +nerves O +and O +prolongs O +the O +duration O +of O +the O +action O +potential O +, O +thereby O +allowing O +a O +greater O +influx O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +ions O +into O +the O +neurone O +to O +enhance O +release O +of O +NA O +. O + +aps B-category +Forces O +involved O +in O +the O +stacking O +interaction O +between O +aminoquinoline O +and O +the O +nucleotide B-Chemical +bases O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +show O +that O +forces O +of O +the O +donor O +- O +acceptor O +type O +, O +due O +to O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +positive O +charge O +on O +the O +quinoline O +ring O +at O +neutral O +pH O +, O +do O +not O +bring O +an O +important O +contribution O +to O +the O +stacking O +interaction O +between O +the O +aminoquinoline O +and O +the O +nucleotide B-Chemical +bases O +, O +while O +the O +influence O +of O +the O +solvent O +water O +is O +fundamental O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +new O +series O +of O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blocking O +amines B-Chemical +containing O +an O +oximino O +- O +propanolic O +chain O +linked O +to O +an O +aromatic O +nucleus O +was O +synthesized O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +above O +basic O +ethers O +exhibited O +beta O +- O +blocking O +activity O +, O +but O +the O +potency O +of O +the O +tested O +compounds O +was O +considerably O +less O +than O +that O +of O +propanolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +( O +1 O +- O +( O +3 O +- O +( O +Phenothiazin O +- O +10 O +- O +yl O +) O +propyl O +) O +- O +4 O +- O +piperidinyl O +) O +phenylmethanones O +, O +a O +novel O +class O +of O +long O +- O +acting O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +short O +series O +of O +[ O +1 O +- O +[ O +3 O +- O +( O +phenothiazin O +- O +10 O +- O +yl O +) O +propyl O +] O +- O +4 O +- O +piperidinyl O +] O +phenylmethanones O +was O +prepared O +and O +tested O +for O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +activity O +using O +the O +blockade O +of O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +lethality O +in O +aggregated O +mice O +and O +suppression O +of O +conditioned O +avoidance O +behavior O +as O +the O +end O +points O +. O + +aps B-category +L O +- O +Cysteine O +was O +converted O +in O +known O +steps O +to O +N O +- O +carboxy O +- O +3 O +- O +( O +sulfonylchloro O +) O +- B-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +dibenzyl O +ester O +( O +1 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Similarly O +, O +1 O +with O +2 O +- O +chloroethylamine O +and O +deblocking O +with O +H2 O +- O +Pd O +gave O +3 O +- O +[ O +( O +2 O +- O +chloroethyl O +) O +sulfamoyl O +] O +- B-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +( O +3b O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Significant O +correlations O +between O +MAO O +inhibition O +in O +vivo O +and O +potentiation O +of O +the O +syndromes O +produced O +by O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical +and O +tryptamine O +and O +antagonism O +of O +reserpine B-Chemical +sedation O +were O +obtained O +. O + +aps B-category +Unlike O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +these O +compounds O +have O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +response O +on O +guinea O +pig O +auricles O +and O +no O +significant O +local O +anesthetic O +and O +antiarrhythmic O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +3 O +, O +3 O +- O +Diphenylcyclobutylamine O +( O +4 O +) O +, O +N O +- O +methyl O +- O +3 O +, O +3 O +- O +diphenylcyclobutylamine O +( O +6 O +) O +, O +and O +N O +, O +N O +- O +dimethyl O +- O +3 O +, O +3 O +- O +diphenyl O +- O +cyclobutylamine O +( O +7 O +) O +have O +been O +prepared O +and O +tested O +as O +potential O +antidepressant B-Chemical +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +potent O +compound O +in O +this O +respect O +is O +the O +tertiary O +amine B-Chemical +7 O +. O + +aps B-category +Pretreatment O +with O +pimozide O +or O +reserpine B-Chemical +reduces O +the O +hyperactivity O +induced O +by O +7 O +. O + +aps B-category +7 O +may O +cause O +increase O +in O +locomotion O +by O +release O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +from O +granular O +stores O +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetic O +control O +of O +co O +- O +operativity O +in O +the O +oxygen B-Chemical +binding O +of O +Panulirus O +interruptus O +hemocyanin O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +optimal O +conditions O +were O +as O +follows O +: O +40 O +mM O +NaCl B-Chemical +, O +5 O +mM O +Mg2 O ++ O +, O +40 O +mM O +Tris O +- O +hydrochloride O +( O +pH O +7 O +. O +4 O +) O +, O +5 O +mM O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +, O +and O +30 O +degrees O +C O +. O +The O +reaction O +required O +four O +nucleoside B-Chemical +triphosphates O +. O + +aps B-category +Currently O +, O +8 O +% O +of O +all O +cases O +of O +acute O +otitis O +media O +in O +the O +Washington O +, O +DC O +, O +area O +are O +due O +to O +H O +influenzae O +resistant O +to O +ampicillin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Twenty O +- O +six O +of O +these O +31 O +cases O +had O +failed O +to O +have O +H O +influenzae O +eradicated O +by O +an O +average O +of O +ten O +days O +of O +oral O +ampicillin B-Chemical +in O +recommended O +doses O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +binding O +of O +cyanide O +to O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +resulted O +in O +innhibition O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +P O +- O +450 O +reductase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Impaired O +maturation O +of O +pre O +- O +synaptic O +cholinergic O +nerve O +terminals O +in O +the O +superior O +cervical O +ganglia O +after O +administration O +of O +guanethidine B-Chemical +and O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +resulted O +in O +a O +growth O +retardation O +of O +ganglion O +neurons O +as O +well O +as O +adrenal O +chromaffin O +cells O +reflected O +by O +the O +lower O +levels O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +and O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxylase I-Chemical +than O +those O +in O +untreated O +tissues O +. O + +aps B-category +Pharmacologic O +analysis O +of O +chronotropic O +and O +inotropic O +responses O +to O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +in O +the O +dog O +heart O +. O + +aps B-category +From O +the O +clinical O +point O +of O +view O +the O +effects O +of O +tranquilizers O +are O +more O +unspecific O +as O +compared O +to O +those O +of O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +and O +antidepressant B-Chemical +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +resultant O +water O +was O +saturated O +with O +salts O +and O +decontaminated O +by O +ionic O +silver B-Chemical +at O +a O +dose O +of O +0 O +. O +1 O +mg O +/ O +l O +. O + +aps B-category +Energized O +cells O +of O +Streptococcus O +lactis O +conserve O +and O +transduce O +energy O +at O +the O +plasma O +membrane O +in O +the O +form O +of O +an O +electrochemical O +gradient O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ions O +( O +deltap O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +deltap O +values O +decreased O +in O +cells O +fermenting O +glucose B-Chemical +at O +pH O +5 O +or O +pH O +7 O +when O +NaCl B-Chemical +was O +added O +, O +while O +the O +deltapH O +values O +were O +unaffected O +; O +cells O +fermenting O +arginine O +at O +pH O +7 O +showed O +similar O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +inhibitors O +and O +uncouplers O +on O +the O +osmotic O +shock O +- O +sensitive O +transport O +systems O +for O +glutamine B-Chemical +and O +galactose B-Chemical +( O +by O +the O +beta O +- O +methyl O +galactoside O +permease O +) O +was O +compared O +to O +their O +effect O +on O +the O +osmotic O +shock O +- O +resistant O +proline O +and O +galactose B-Chemical +permease O +systems O +in O +cytochrome O +- O +deficient O +cells O +of O +Salmonella O +typhimurium O +SASY28 O +. O + +aps B-category +Pilot O +open O +- O +label O +study O +of O +triazolam B-Chemical +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +insomnia O +following O +alcohol B-Chemical +withdrawal O +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +for O +inhibition O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxylase I-Chemical +in O +vivo O +after O +sub O +- O +acute O +pyrazole O +treatment O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +DOPA I-Chemical +( O +50 O +- O +200 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +s O +. O +c O +. O +) O +was O +unable O +to O +restore O +brain O +or O +heart O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +levels O +in O +pyrazole O +pre O +- O +treated O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Brain O +dopamine B-Chemical +levels O +were O +relatively O +higher O +in O +pyrazole O +pre O +- O +treated O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Synthesis O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +from O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +DOPA I-Chemical +was O +unimpaired O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +inhibition O +could O +not O +be O +obtained O +by O +addition O +of O +pyrazole O +to O +samples O +of O +purified O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxylase I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Significantly O +higher O +levels O +of O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +in O +serum O +and O +urine O +together O +with O +increased O +urine O +volume O +and O +pH O +were O +observed O +in O +rats O +after O +portacaval O +end O +- O +to O +- O +side O +anastomosis O +in O +comparison O +to O +sham O +- O +operated O +and O +non O +- O +operated O +pair O +- O +fed O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +Adaptation O +of O +enzyme O +activities O +of O +other O +metabolic O +pathways O +of O +the O +liver O +after O +PCA O +due O +to O +diminished O +blood O +and O +oxygen B-Chemical +supply O +were O +described O +in O +previous O +experiments O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +order O +to O +obtain O +membranes O +of O +varying O +fluidity O +, O +rats O +were O +fed O +diets O +that O +were O +either O +fat O +- O +free O +or O +supplemented O +with O +15 O +% O +safflower O +oil O +, O +and O +two O +properties O +associated O +with O +aorta O +and O +liver O +microsomal O +membranes O +were O +selected O +for O +study O +: O +stearyl O +CoA O +desaturase O +activity O +, O +and O +fluidity O +as O +monitored O +by O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +and O +microviscosity O +( O +measured O +by O +fluorescence O +depolarization O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Magnesium B-Chemical +and O +cytotoxic O +effects O +of O +asbestos O +fibers O +. O + +aps B-category +Interaction O +of O +mucins O +with O +calcium B-Chemical +, O +H O ++ O +ion O +and O +albumin O +. O + +aps B-category +Glutamate B-Chemical +as O +transmitter O +of O +hippocampal O +perforant O +path O +. O + +aps B-category +D O +- O +alpha O +- O +Aminoadipate O +as O +a O +selective O +antagonist O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +and O +synaptic O +excitation O +of O +mammalian O +spinal O +neurones O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relative O +inotropic O +and O +chronotropic O +activity O +of O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +agonists O +was O +studied O +in O +the O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +depleted I-Chemical +, O +anaesthetized O +cat O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +evidence O +on O +the O +role O +of O +the O +hypothalamic O +afferents O +on O +the O +estrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +prolactin O +release O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +animals O +with O +ME O +lesions O +estrogen B-Chemical +enhanced O +both O +morning O +and O +afternoon O +values O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +estrogen B-Chemical +effects O +on O +Prl O +secretion O +are O +in O +part O +mediated O +by O +frontal O +neural O +afferents O +to O +the O +hypothalamus O +. O + +aps B-category +Facilitation O +of O +Sidman O +avoidance O +performance O +by O +p O +- O +chloroamphetamine O +: O +role O +of O +biogenic O +amines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +pentoxifylline B-Chemical +and O +theophylline B-Chemical +on O +neurotransmitter O +uptake O +and O +release O +by O +synaptosome O +- O +rich O +homogenates O +of O +the O +rat O +hypothalamus O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Carbachol B-Chemical +and O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +may O +cause O +an O +important O +forward O +displacement O +of O +the O +lens O +with O +the O +risk O +of O +an O +angle O +- O +closure O +glaucoma O +in O +an O +eye O +with O +shallow O +anterior O +chamber O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +part O +of O +the O +radioactivity O +due O +to O +cAMP B-Chemical +stimulation O +was O +low O +and O +seems O +constant O +with O +the O +incubation O +time O +. O + +aps B-category +Milk O +samples O +from O +100 O +lactating O +mothers O +in O +the O +10 O +days O +following O +delivery O +have O +been O +analyzed O +for O +pH O +, O +sodium B-Chemical +, O +and O +potassium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +similar O +downward O +trend O +was O +shown O +for O +potassium B-Chemical +with O +an O +initial O +mean O +concentration O +of O +18 O +. O +5 O +mmol O +/ O +liter O +falling O +to O +15 O +mmol O +/ O +liter O +by O +the O +10th O +day O +. 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O +At O +junctions O +where O +release O +ranged O +from O +200 O +to O +500 O +quanta O +sec O +- O +1 O +during O +steady O +- O +state O +conditions O +, O +this O +result O +was O +interpreted O +to O +mean O +that O +the O +drugs O +increased O +both O +transmitter O +release O +and O +mobilization O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +evidence O +for O +GABA B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ergic I-Chemical +mechanisms O +in O +the O +action O +of O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +There O +is O +a O +correlation O +between O +the O +effect O +on O +the O +recovery O +cycles O +and O +their O +protective O +action O +against O +convulsions O +induced O +by O +GABA B-Chemical +deficit O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +high O +concentration O +of O +potassium B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +( O +75 O +- O +- O +100 O +mM O +) O +stabilized O +pH O +and O +supported O +extensive O +growth O +of O +Streptomyces O +clavuligerus O +in O +a O +chemically O +defined O +medium O +; O +such O +a O +concentration O +also O +inhibited O +cephalosporin B-Chemical +production O +. O + +aps B-category +Prolactin O +responses O +to O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +in O +normal O +and O +schizophrenic O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +prolactin O +increments O +to O +single O +doses O +of O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +, O +and O +prolactin O +decrements O +to O +single O +doses O +of O +levodopa B-Chemical +, O +were O +similar O +in O +normal O +and O +schizophrenic O +subjects O +. 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O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +therefore O +a O +close O +correlation O +between O +the O +conditions O +required O +for O +rapid O +choline B-Chemical +oxidation O +and O +for O +P O +( O +i O +) O +- O +induced O +swelling O +to O +occur O +, O +suggesting O +that O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +mitochondrial O +swelling O +the O +rate O +of O +choline B-Chemical +oxidation O +is O +regulated O +by O +the O +rate O +of O +choline B-Chemical +transport O +across O +the O +mitochondrial O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +added O +P O +( O +i O +) O +promotes O +the O +Ca O +( O +2 O ++ O +) O +- O +dependent O +activation O +of O +mitochondrial O +membrane O +phospholipase O +activity O +in O +respiring O +mitochondria O +, O +causing O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +permeability O +of O +the O +mitochondrial O +inner O +membrane O +to O +choline B-Chemical +and O +therefore O +enabling O +rapid O +choline B-Chemical +oxidation O +to O +occur O +. O + +aps B-category +Choline O +was O +oxidized O +slowly O +by O +tightly O +coupled O +mitochondria O +largely O +depleted O +of O +their O +endogenous O +adenine O +nucleotides O +, O +suggesting O +that O +these O +compounds O +are O +not O +directly O +concerned O +in O +the O +regulation O +of O +choline B-Chemical +oxidation O +. O + +aps B-category +Alterations O +in O +nicotinamide O +and O +adenine O +nucleotide B-Chemical +systems O +during O +mixed O +- O +function O +oxidation O +of O +p O +- O +nitroanisole O +in O +perfused O +livers O +from O +normal O +and O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +of O +rats O +with O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +increased O +rates O +of O +p O +- O +nitroanisole O +O O +- O +demethylation O +approx O +. O + +aps B-category +Perfusion O +of O +livers O +with O +p O +- O +nitroanisole O +produced O +significant O +increases O +in O +6 O +- O +phosphogluconate O +and O +ribulose O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +in O +livers O +from O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +rats O +, O +but O +not O +in O +livers O +from O +control O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Additions O +of O +p O +- O +nitroanisole O +produced O +a O +reduction O +of O +NADP O +( O ++ O +) O +as O +calculated O +from O +6 O +- O +phosphogluconate O +dehydrogenase O +activity O +, O +but O +did O +not O +alter O +the O +[ O +NADP O +( O ++ O +) O +] O +/ O +[ O +NADPH B-Chemical +] O +ratio O +calculated O +from O +substrates O +assumed O +to O +be O +in O +equilibrium O +with O +; O +malic O +' O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +NAD O +( O ++ O +) O +became O +more O +reduced O +as O +a O +result O +of O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +treatment O +; O +however O +, O +perfusion O +of O +livers O +with O +p O +- O +nitroanisole O +did O +not O +cause O +a O +change O +in O +the O +oxidation O +- O +reduction O +state O +of O +this O +nucleotide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Perfusion O +of O +livers O +with O +two O +other O +substrates O +for O +mixed O +- O +function O +oxidation O +, O +hexobarbital O +and O +aminopyrine O +, O +produced O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +[ O +NADP O +( O ++ O +) O +] O +/ O +[ O +NADPH B-Chemical +] O +ratio O +calculated O +from O +; O +malic O +' O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +of O +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +dinitrophenol O +( O +25mum O +) O +to O +the O +perfusate O +containing O +aminopyrine O +decreased O +the O +[ O +ATP O +] O +/ O +[ O +ADP O +] O +ratio O +and O +tended O +to O +prevent O +the O +oxidation O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +observed O +with O +aminopyrine O +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +soluble O +polysaccharides O +and O +a O +soluble O +protein O +containing O +hydroxyproline B-Chemical +were O +secreted O +by O +sycamore O +suspension O +cultures O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +partly O +inhibited O +by O +anaerobiosis O +or O +sodium B-Chemical +arsenate O +and O +was O +unaffected O +by O +temperature O +changes O +in O +the O +range O +0 O +- O +35 O +degrees O +C O +. O +3 O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +insulin O +concentrations O +in O +cold O +- O +adapted O +rats O +were O +altered O +acutely O +by O +administration O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +or O +anti O +- O +insulin O +serum O +. O + +aps B-category +Rates O +of O +synthesis O +were O +greatly O +elevated O +after O +glucose B-Chemical +administration O +and O +markedly O +decreased O +after O +injection O +with O +anti O +- O +insulin O +serum O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +suggest O +that O +this O +tissue O +is O +an O +important O +site O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesis O +in O +the O +cold O +- O +adapted O +rat O +and O +that O +this O +feature O +of O +the O +tissue O +is O +sensitive O +to O +changes O +in O +plasma O +insulin O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +Cognate O +transfer O +ribonucleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +as O +a O +ligand O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +electron O +- O +paramagnetic O +- O +resonance O +) O +spectra O +of O +the O +fluoride B-Chemical +, O +azide O +, O +hydroxide O +and O +cyanide O +complexes O +of O +these O +ferric O +leghaemoglobins O +were O +very O +similar O +to O +the O +spectra O +of O +the O +corresponding O +myoglobin O +derivatives O +, O +indicating O +that O +the O +immediate O +environment O +of O +the O +iron B-Chemical +in O +leghaemoglobin O +and O +myoglobin O +is O +similar O +, O +an O +imidazole O +moiety O +of O +histidine O +being O +the O +proximal O +ligand O +to O +the O +haem O +iron B-Chemical +[ O +cf O +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +for O +the O +role O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +C I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +as O +a O +cofactor O +of O +lysyl O +oxidase O +. O + +aps B-category +Over O +35 O +% O +of O +this O +radioactivity O +appears O +in O +the O +form O +of O +[ O +G O +- O +3H O +] O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +and O +a O +further O +30 O +% O +as O +other O +vitamin O +B O +- O +6 O +compounds O +. O + +aps B-category +Pre O +- O +steady O +- O +state O +kinetic O +studies O +on O +cytoplasmic O +sheep O +liver O +aldehyde B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +Similar O +data O +were O +obtained O +by O +using O +acetaldehyde B-Chemical +, O +where O +for O +this O +substrate O +( O +k O +( O +- O +2 O +) O ++ O +k O +( O ++ O +3 O +) O +) O +/ O +k O +( O ++ O +2 O +) O += O +2 O +. O +3x10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +mol O +. O +litre O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +and O +k O +( O ++ O +3 O +) O +is O +23s O +( O +- O +1 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reaction O +of O +Fe O +( O +III O +) O +myoglobin O +fluoride B-Chemical +with O +reducing O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduction O +by O +the O +reduced O +Methyl O +Viologen O +radical O +ion O +and O +reduced O +Safranine O +was O +faster O +than O +the O +rate O +of O +dissociation O +, O +providing O +evidence O +that O +these O +reductants O +can O +donate O +electrons O +to O +the O +iron B-Chemical +centre O +via O +a O +pathway O +involving O +an O +( O +undetectable O +) O +liganded O +Fe O +( O +II O +) O +intermediate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +following O +observations O +showed O +that O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deoxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +galactose I-Chemical +is O +a O +useful O +tool O +for O +the O +isolation O +and O +elucidation O +of O +the O +activity O +of O +one O +system O +for O +galactose B-Chemical +uptake O +into O +Escherichia O +coli O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +using O +appropriate O +mutants O +it O +was O +shown O +that O +2 O +- O +deoxygalactose O +is O +a O +much O +better O +substrate O +for O +the O +galactose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +transport I-Chemical +system O +than O +for O +the O +methyl O +galactoside O +- O +transport O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Like O +other O +substrates O +of O +the O +galactose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +transport I-Chemical +system O +, O +2 O +- O +deoxygalactose O +promoted O +effective O +proton O +uptake O +into O +de O +- O +energized O +suspensions O +of O +appropriate O +E O +. O +coli O +strains O +. O + +aps B-category +' O +Ghosts O +' O +of O +bovine O +chromaffin O +granules O +, O +in O +which O +the O +complex O +mixture O +of O +proteins O +and O +solutes O +normally O +found O +in O +the O +granule O +matrix O +is O +replaced O +by O +buffered O +sucrose B-Chemical +are O +osmotically O +sensitive O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +alloxan O +on O +islet O +tissue O +permeability O +: O +protection O +and O +reversal O +by O +NADPH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Characterization O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +requiring O +mutants O +of O +Bacillus O +subtilis O +. O + +aps B-category +Spiperone O +: O +a O +ligand O +of O +choice O +for O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Regional O +distribution O +and O +in O +vivo O +displacement O +of O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Subcellular O +distribution O +of O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +and O +their O +receptors O +in O +various O +rat O +brain O +areas O +. O + +aps B-category +Correspondingly O +, O +[ O +1 O +- O +14C O +] O +- O +acetate O +incorporation O +into O +liver O +cholesterol B-Chemical +was O +clearly O +decreased O +in O +SHR O +as O +compared O +with O +WK O +. O + +aps B-category +Liver O +cholesterol B-Chemical +was O +rather O +low O +and O +cardiac O +triglyceride B-Chemical +was O +slightly O +increased O +in O +SHR O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +SHR O +have O +an O +abnormality O +in O +lipid O +metabolism O +, O +especially O +in O +cholesterol B-Chemical +synthesis O +, O +but O +the O +pathological O +implication O +of O +this O +in O +hypertension O +and O +related O +vascular O +lesions O +is O +not O +yet O +clear O +. O + +aps B-category +Seventeen O +infants O +under O +one O +year O +of O +age O +admitted O +to O +the O +Emergency O +Service O +of O +the O +General O +Hospital O +of O +the O +Medical O +Center O +La O +Raza O +during O +the O +year O +1976 O +were O +included O +in O +this O +study O +with O +the O +diagnosis O +of O +salicylate B-Chemical +poisoning O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +direct O +relationship O +between O +total O +plasmatic O +salicylate B-Chemical +and O +its O +free O +fraction O +was O +found O +together O +with O +an O +inverse O +proportion O +between O +percentage O +of O +total O +free B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +salicylate I-Chemical +and O +plasma O +pH O +and O +a O +lineal O +correlation O +between O +plasma O +free B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +salicylate I-Chemical +and O +salicylate B-Chemical +obtained O +in O +spinal O +fluid O +. O + +aps B-category +Blockade O +of O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +changes O +in O +plasma O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +immunoreactive O +insulin O +levels O +and O +plasma O +renin O +activity O +in O +healthy O +human O +subjects O +, O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +pindolol B-Chemical +, O +practolol O +, O +atenolol B-Chemical +, O +metoprolol B-Chemical +and O +acebutolol O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +bronchodilator O +effects O +of O +500 O +microgram O +rimiterol O +by O +pressurized O +aerosol O +, O +375 O +mg O +oral O +theophylline B-Chemical +and O +both O +drugs O +in O +combination O +were O +compared O +in O +a O +randomized O +, O +placebo O +- O +controlled O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +trial O +in O +eight O +patients O +with O +chronic O +, O +partially O +reversible O +airways O +obstruction O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +, O +peak O +plasma O +theophylline B-Chemical +levels O +were O +10 O +. O +19 O +microgram O +/ O +ml O +at O +120 O +min O +and O +9 O +. O +98 O +microgram O +/ O +ml O +at O +180 O +min O +with O +TR O +and O +TP O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Additive O +bronchodilatation O +was O +produced O +when O +rimiterol O +was O +administered O +with O +theophylline B-Chemical +at O +a O +time O +when O +therapeutic O +plasma O +theophylline B-Chemical +levels O +were O +achieved O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +two O +metabolites O +and O +oxazepam B-Chemical +were O +excreted O +in O +urine O +and O +, O +within O +the O +24 O +h O +period O +following O +drug O +intake O +, O +accounted O +for O +73 O +% O +of O +the O +ingested O +dose O +. O + +aps B-category +3 O +In O +a O +third O +study O +of O +similar O +design O +, O +pindolol B-Chemical +0 O +. O +05 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +intravenously O +did O +not O +affect O +exercise O +- O +induced O +increase O +in O +PEFR O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +, O +ethanol B-Chemical +, O +indomethacin B-Chemical +and O +9alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fludrocortisone I-Chemical +on O +buccal O +mucosal O +potential O +difference O +. O + +aps B-category +1 O +Patients O +on O +prolonged O +treatment O +with O +anticonvulsant O +and O +phenothiazine O +drugs O +exhibited O +lower O +than O +normal O +concentrations O +of O +folate B-Chemical +in O +serum O +and O +erythrocytes O +, O +and O +showed O +increased O +urinary O +FIGLU O +excretion O +after O +histidine O +loading O +; O +urinary O +excretion O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucaric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +was O +also O +increased O +suggesting O +induction O +of O +the O +hepatic O +microsomal O +enzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +3 O +Hepatic O +microsomal O +enzyme O +induction O +, O +as O +measured O +by O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucaric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +excretion O +, O +was O +greatest O +after O +2 O +- O +5 O +years O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +5 O +The O +dietary O +folate B-Chemical +of O +hospitalized O +patients O +would O +seem O +to O +be O +generally O +inadequate O +for O +patients O +on O +long O +term O +treatment O +with O +enzyme O +- O +inducing O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +denaturation O +of O +swine O +pepsinogen O +has O +been O +studied O +as O +a O +function O +of O +urea B-Chemical +concentration O +, O +pH O +, O +and O +temperature O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +temperature O +dependence O +of O +the O +equilibrium O +constant O +for O +the O +unfolding O +of O +pepsinogen O +by O +urea B-Chemical +in O +the O +range O +20 O +- O +50 O +degrees O +C O +at O +pH O +8 O +. O +0 O +can O +be O +described O +by O +assigning O +the O +following O +values O +of O +thermodynamic O +parameters O +for O +the O +denaturation O +at O +25 O +degrees O +C O +: O +deltaH O += O +31 O +. O +5 O +kcal O +mol O +- O +1 O +; O +deltaS O += O +105 O +cal O +deg O +- O +1 O +mol O +- O +1 O +; O +and O +deltaCp O += O +5215 O +cal O +deg O +- O +1 O +mol O +- O +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +Investigation O +of O +the O +adrenocorticotropic O +hormone O +, O +guanosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +, O +and O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +control O +step O +. O + +aps B-category +Transport O +in O +C4 O +mesophyll O +chloroplasts O +: O +evidence O +for O +an O +exchange O +of O +inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +and O +phosphoenolpyruvate O +. O + +aps B-category +Phosphoenolpyruvate O +( O +PEP O +) O +was O +a O +competitive O +inhibitor O +( O +Ki O +( O +PEP O +) O += O +450 O +micrometer O +) O +of O +32Pi O +uptake O +( O +Km O +( O +Pi O +) O += O +200 O +micrometer O +) O +by O +chloroplasts O +in O +the O +dark O +and O +also O +reduced O +the O +steady O +- O +state O +internal O +concentration O +of O +32Pi O +, O +which O +is O +consistent O +with O +phosphate B-Chemical +and O +phosphoenolpyruvate O +sharing O +a O +common O +carrier O +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +of O +0 O +. O +1 O +mM O +phosphate B-Chemical +induced O +a O +high O +rate O +of O +phosphoenolpyruvate O +formation O +and O +the O +concentration O +ratio O +( O +internal O +/ O +external O +) O +decreased O +15 O +- O +fold O +. O + +aps B-category +Pulse O +fluorimetry O +study O +of O +energy O +transfers O +between O +tryptophan B-Chemical +residues O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +in O +beef O +liver O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +complexes O +. O + +aps B-category +Practically O +, O +all O +these O +tryptophan B-Chemical +residues O +belong O +to O +the O +first O +class O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +haemolysis O +on O +the O +hexose O +monophosphate O +pathway O +in O +normal O +and O +in O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +- O +deficient O +erythrocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +study O +the O +hexose O +monophosphate O +pathway O +activity O +and O +the O +NADPH B-Chemical +level O +of O +normal O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +- O +deficient O +erythrocytes O +were O +measured O +soon O +after O +haemolysis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +possibility O +that O +the O +intracellular O +restraint O +may O +result O +from O +compartmentalization O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +and O +substrates O +or O +from O +properties O +of O +the O +intact O +membrane O +of O +the O +erythrocytes O +is O +suggested O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +pH O +on O +its O +binding O +to O +liposomes O +and O +evidence O +for O +formation O +of O +a O +ternary O +complex O +with O +valinomycin O +and O +potassium B-Chemical +ion O +. O + +aps B-category +Depression O +of O +deltamuH O +is O +paralleled O +by O +inhibition O +of O +ATP O +synthesis O +and O +decline O +of O +deltaGp O +, O +the O +phosphate B-Chemical +potential O +. O + +aps B-category +Subunit O +structure O +and O +activity O +of O +glyceraldehyde B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +from O +spinach O +chloroplasts O +. O + +aps B-category +600 O +, O +000 O +daltons O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulphate O +gel O +electrophoresis O +shows O +that O +it O +consists O +of O +two O +subunits O +of O +molecular O +weight O +43 O +, O +000 O +and O +37 O +, O +000 O +. O + +aps B-category +Almost O +complete O +inactivation O +is O +obtained O +by O +reaction O +of O +two O +cysteinyl O +residues O +per O +80 O +, O +000 O +daltons O +with O +tetrathionate O +or O +iodo O +[ O +14C2 O +] O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +; O +since O +the O +same O +amount O +of O +radioactivity O +is O +incorporated O +in O +the O +two O +subunits O +it O +is O +likely O +that O +they O +are O +both O +essential O +for O +the O +catalytic O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +concentration O +dependence O +of O +the O +rate O +of O +hydrolysis O +of O +L O +- O +asparagine O +by O +Escherichia O +coli O +L O +- O +asparaginase O +( O +L O +- O +asparagine O +amidohydrolase O +, O +EC O +3 O +. O +5 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +) O +has O +been O +measured O +over O +the O +range O +pH O +4 O +. O +5 O +to O +pH O +9 O +. O +1 O +by O +a O +direct O +spectrophotometric O +assay O +at O +220 O +nm O +and O +by O +a O +coupled O +assay O +utilizing O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +to O +detect O +the O +ammonia B-Chemical +produced O +. O + +aps B-category +Asparagine O +synthetase O +( O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +: O +ammonia B-Chemical +ligase O +( O +AMP O +- O +forming O +, O +EC O +6 O +. O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +) O +activity O +in O +rat O +liver O +increased O +when O +the O +animals O +were O +put O +on O +a O +low O +casein O +diet O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +optimal O +pH O +of O +the O +enzyme O +was O +in O +the O +range O +7 O +. O +4 O +- O +7 O +. O +6 O +with O +glutamine B-Chemical +as O +an O +amide O +donor O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activity O +was O +inhibited O +by O +L O +- O +asparagine O +, O +nucleoside B-Chemical +triphosphates O +except O +ATP O +, O +and O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +reagents O +. O + +aps B-category +Progesterone B-Chemical +inhibited O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +( O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +: O +O2 O +oxidoreductase O +( O +deaminating O +) O +, O +EC O +1 O +. O +4 O +. O +3 O +. O +3 O +) O +in O +competition O +with O +its O +substrate O +, O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Ethinyl B-Chemical +estradiol I-Chemical +, O +testosterone B-Chemical +, O +testosterone B-Chemical +propionate I-Chemical +, O +corticosterone B-Chemical +and O +aldosterone B-Chemical +also O +inhibited O +the O +enzyme O +slightly O +in O +the O +same O +manner O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +indicates O +the O +binding O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +with O +the O +enzyme O +at O +a O +site O +other O +than O +the O +substrate O +binding O +site O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +included O +gamma O +- O +glutamylcyclotransferase O +( O +( O +gamma O +- O +L O +- O +glutamyl O +) O +- B-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +gamma O +- O +glutamyltransferase O +( O +cyclizing O +) O +, O +EC O +2 O +. O +3 O +. O +2 O +. O +4 O +) O +and O +5 O +- O +oxoprolinase O +, O +whose O +activities O +showed O +no O +large O +increase O +comparable O +to O +that O +of O +the O +gamma O +- O +glutamyltransferase O +, O +as O +the O +culture O +approached O +' O +phase O +- O +out O +' O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +enzyme O +obtained O +by O +gel O +filtration O +was O +preincubated O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +for O +10 O +min O +with O +50 O +micrometer O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +( O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +' O +- O +P O +) O +, O +a O +7 O +- O +fold O +increase O +in O +enzyme O +activity O +was O +detected O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +maximum O +rate O +of O +conversion O +was O +observed O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +2 O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +50 O +% O +( O +v O +/ O +v O +) O +diethyl O +ether B-Chemical +and O +10 O +mM O +CaCl2 B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclic O +peroxides B-Chemical +from O +a O +soya O +lipoxygenase O +- O +catalysed O +oxygenation O +of O +methyl O +linolenate O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +the O +delta9 O +desaturase O +activity O +of O +microsomes O +was O +never O +completely O +lost O +after O +extraction O +with O +buffer O +but O +could O +be O +stimulated O +by O +optimum O +concentrations O +of O +both O +bovine O +serum O +albumin O +and O +catalase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +activity O +was O +measured O +as O +the O +release O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +oleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +from O +a O +serum O +- O +activated O +, O +triglyceride B-Chemical +emulsion O +, O +in O +which O +[ O +3H O +] O +trioleate O +was O +used O +as O +trace O +substance O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +Km O +was O +similar O +to O +the O +low O +fasting O +concentrations O +of O +very O +low O +density O +lipoprotein O +triglycerides B-Chemical +often O +found O +in O +healthy O +individuals O +. O + +aps B-category +Under O +similar O +incubation O +conditions O +, O +a O +complex O +is O +formed O +between O +activator O +and O +sulphatides O +which O +is O +partially O +inhibited O +, O +due O +to O +competitive O +binding O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +cerebrosides O +of O +phosphatidylserine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +effects O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +concentration O +and O +anoxia O +on O +glycolysis O +and O +metabolite O +concentrations O +in O +the O +perfused O +liver O +of O +fetal O +guinea O +pig O +. O + +aps B-category +Between O +50 O +days O +and O +term O +there O +was O +a O +fall O +in O +the O +respiratory O +rate O +and O +in O +the O +concentration O +of O +ATP O +and O +fructose O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +diphosphate O +and O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +concentration O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +, O +glycogen O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Anoxia O +increased O +lactate B-Chemical +production O +by O +, O +and O +the O +concentrations O +of O +, O +the O +hexose O +phosphates O +ADP O +and O +AMP O +in O +the O +50 O +- O +day O +to O +term O +fetal O +liver O +, O +while O +the O +concentration O +of O +ribulose O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +, O +ATP O +and O +some O +triose O +phosphates O +fell O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +calculated O +cytosolic O +NAD O ++ O +/ O +NADH O +ratio O +for O +the O +perfused O +liver O +was O +similar O +to O +that O +measured O +in O +vivo O +and O +evidence O +is O +presented O +to O +suggest O +that O +the O +dihydroxyacetone O +phosphate B-Chemical +/ O +glycerol O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +ratio O +gives O +a O +better O +indication O +of O +cytosolic O +redox O +than O +the O +lactate B-Chemical +/ O +pyruvate B-Chemical +ratio O +. O + +aps B-category +Preincubation O +of O +the O +homogenate O +with O +10 O +( O +- O +8 O +) O +M O +cholecystokinin B-Chemical +or O +secretin O +inhibited O +gastrin O +binding O +to O +a O +greater O +extent O +than O +an O +equimolar O +concentration O +of O +pentagastrin O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +on O +superoxide B-Chemical +radical O +generation O +in O +leukocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +Certain O +saturated O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +myristate O +in O +particular O +, O +induced O +the O +production O +of O +O O +- O +2 O +in O +leukocytes O +, O +suggesting O +a O +correlation O +between O +the O +formation O +of O +O O +- O +2 O +and O +the O +hydrophobic O +interaction O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +with O +the O +leukocyte O +plasma O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +Interferon B-Chemical +suppresses O +steroid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +inducible I-Chemical +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +biosynthesis O +in O +embryonic O +chick O +neural O +retina O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +retinal O +enzyme O +radioactively O +labelled O +with O +[ O +3H O +] O +leucine B-Chemical +was O +precipitated O +by O +specific O +antibody O +against O +the O +enzyme O +isolated O +from O +adult O +chick O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +ammonia B-Chemical +, O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +, O +and O +cyclic B-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +' I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +' I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +monophosphate I-Chemical +in O +the O +regulation O +of O +ammonia B-Chemical +assimilation O +in O +Rhizobium O +japonicum O +. O + +aps B-category +Ammonia B-Chemical +repressed O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +activity O +and O +increased O +the O +average O +state O +of O +adenylylation O +of O +this O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Glutamine O +synthetase O +repression O +and O +adenylylation O +state O +were O +also O +increased O +by O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +optimum O +pH O +for O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +p I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nitroanilide I-Chemical +hydrolysis O +is O +8 O +. O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +Hydrolysis O +of O +synthetic O +peptides O +shows O +that O +the O +enzyme O +releases O +apolar O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Variation O +of O +pK O +values O +for O +these O +three O +groups O +and O +the O +degree O +of O +inhibition O +for O +intermediate O +forms O +of O +enzyme O +- O +substrate O +complex O +are O +found O +to O +be O +sufficient O +to O +reproduce O +main O +varieties O +of O +described O +in O +the O +literature O +and O +obtained O +in O +this O +work O +multiformity O +of O +pH O +- O +dependence O +curves O +of O +different O +nucleoside B-Chemical +triphosphates O +hydrolysis O +by O +both O +native O +and O +modified O +enzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +Blockade O +by O +psychotropic O +drugs O +of O +the O +muscarinic O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +receptor O +in O +cultured O +nerve O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +technique O +involved O +the O +assay O +of O +receptor O +- O +mediated O +formation O +of O +guanosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +cyclic O +phosphate B-Chemical +( O +cyclic O +GMP O +) O +from O +radioactively O +labeled O +guanosine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +triphosphate O +in O +living O +mouse O +neuroblastoma O +cells O +( O +clone O +N1E O +- O +115 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +statistically O +significant O +difference O +in O +blood O +PO2 O +and O +oxygen B-Chemical +saturation O +between O +the O +group O +of O +necrosis O +of O +the O +femoral O +head O +and O +the O +group O +of O +osteoarthritic O +hips O +was O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Detection O +of O +a O +new O +anomalous O +variant O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +in O +human O +erythrocytes O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +abnormal O +enzyme O +differs O +from O +the O +normal O +by O +decreased O +Michaelis O +constant O +for O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +and O +nicotinamide B-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +dinucleotide I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +( O +NADP O +) O +, O +by O +increased O +utilization O +of O +analogues O +of O +substrates B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deoxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +and O +particularly O +deamino O +- O +NADP O +, O +by O +low O +thermal O +stability O +, O +by O +the O +character O +of O +pH O +- O +dependence O +, O +by O +the O +appearance O +of O +a O +single O +band O +of O +G6PD O +activity O +in O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +producing O +tracheal O +relaxation O +, O +OPC O +- O +2009 O +was O +approximately O +7 O +times O +more O +potent O +and O +salbutamol B-Chemical +5 O +times O +less O +potent O +than O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Selectivity O +calculated O +from O +EC50 O +ratio O +indicates O +that O +OPC O +- O +2009 O +was O +approximately O +26 O +times O +and O +salbutamol B-Chemical +approximately O +21 O +times O +more O +selective O +than O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +for O +tracheal O +smooth O +muscle O +as O +compared O +to O +right O +atrial O +muscle O +, O +whereas O +OPC O +- O +2009 O +was O +approximately O +850 O +times O +and O +salbutamol B-Chemical +140 O +times O +more O +selective O +than O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +for O +tracheal O +smooth O +muscle O +as O +compared O +to O +left O +atria O +. O + +aps B-category +Propranolol B-Chemical +was O +a O +competitive O +antagonist O +of O +OPC O +- O +2009 O +on O +these O +tissues O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibitory O +effects O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +on O +responses O +to O +sympathetic O +nerve O +stimulation O +in O +the O +pithed O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibitory O +effects O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +on O +cardiac O +nerves O +and O +hypogastric O +nerves O +were O +antagonized O +by O +phentolamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +effects O +were O +also O +antagonized O +by O +phentolamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +presynaptic O +alpha O +- O +adrenoceptor O +agonist O +potencies O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +, O +naphazoline B-Chemical +and O +oxymetazoline O +were O +very O +similar O +on O +cardiac O +nerve O +terminals O +whereas O +on O +the O +hypogastric O +nerve O +terminals O +oxymetazoline O +was O +about O +6 O +times O +more O +potent O +than O +either O +naphazoline B-Chemical +or O +clonidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +1 O +Bilateral O +adrenalectomy O +suppressed O +body O +growth O +and O +increased O +the O +activity O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +in O +rat O +striatum O +in O +a O +time O +- O +dependent O +manner O +. O + +aps B-category +3 O +Administration O +of O +corticosterone B-Chemical +( O +10 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +Corticosterone O +treatment O +for O +7 O +days O +beginning O +from O +the O +8th O +day O +of O +adrenalectomy O +virtually O +restored O +the O +concentrations O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +dopamine B-Chemical +as O +well O +as O +the O +activities O +of O +striatal O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +and O +cerebrocortical O +monoamine O +oxidase O +to O +the O +values O +seen O +for O +sham O +- O +operated O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +1 O +Noradrenaline O +( O +ID50 O +, O +0 O +. O +75 O +micrometer O +) O +and O +clonidine B-Chemical +( O +ID50 O +, O +2 O +. O +8 O +nM O +) O +produced O +a O +dose O +- O +related O +inhibition O +of O +the O +twitch O +response O +of O +the O +isolated O +vas O +deferens O +of O +the O +mouse O +to O +electrical O +stimulation O +, O +their O +effectiveness O +decreasing O +as O +frequency O +of O +stimulation O +increased O +from O +0 O +. O +2 O +to O +16 O +hertz O +. O + +aps B-category +3 O +Yohimbine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +nM O +) O +antagonized O +the O +inhibitory O +effects O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +clonidine B-Chemical +, O +but O +had O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +motor O +activity O +of O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +4 O +Thymoxamine O +( O +0 O +. O +3 O +micrometer O +) O +antagonized O +the O +effects O +of O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +those O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +indicated O +that O +while O +both O +therapies O +were O +effective O +in O +the O +reduction O +of O +social O +anxiety O +, O +the O +training O +programme O +was O +the O +more O +effective O +in O +reducing O +problem O +behaviour O +, O +but O +desensitization O +appeared O +to O +lead B-Chemical +to O +a O +wider O +generalization O +of O +improvement O +as O +indicated O +by O +increases O +in O +social O +participation O +. O + +aps B-category +Non O +- O +practolol O +beta O +- O +blockers O +in O +combination O +with O +methyldopa B-Chemical +did O +not O +increase O +the O +incidence O +of O +ANA O +further O +. O + +aps B-category +Chemosensitivity O +of O +hypophysiotropic O +neurons O +to O +the O +microelectrophoresis O +of O +biogenic O +amines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +human O +cerebral O +cortex O +slices O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +, O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +( O +a O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +agonist O +) O +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +apomorphine B-Chemical +( O +a O +dopaminergic O +agonist O +) O +, O +and O +serotonin B-Chemical +stimulated O +cyclic O +AMP O +formation O +: O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +greater O +than O +or O +equal O +to O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +greater O +than O +dopamine B-Chemical += O +apomorphine B-Chemical += O +serotonin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stimulatory O +effect O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +was O +blocked O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +( O +a O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blocker O +) O +but O +not O +by O +phentolamine B-Chemical +( O +an O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +blocker O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +propranolol B-Chemical +or O +phentolamine B-Chemical +had O +any O +effect O +on O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +or O +serotonin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stimulated I-Chemical +cyclic O +AMP O +formation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +changes O +in O +inspired O +oxygen B-Chemical +concentration O +on O +the O +experimental O +production O +of O +pulmonary O +edema O +in O +the O +dog O +with O +chronic O +left O +ventricular O +overload O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +animals O +showed O +no O +change O +in O +left O +ventricular O +function O +or O +pulmonary O +artery O +pressure O +( O +RVSP O +) O +in O +response O +to O +pure O +oxygen B-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +should O +be O +preceded O +by O +gastric O +irrigaiton O +, O +which O +usually O +sufficies O +to O +control O +bleeding O +caused O +by O +acetylsalicylic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +or O +alcohol B-Chemical +, O +or O +both O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +glucocorticoid O +domain O +: O +steroid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +mediated I-Chemical +changes O +in O +the O +rate O +of O +synthesis O +of O +rat O +hepatoma O +proteins O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +existence O +of O +the O +polar O +head O +in O +a O +loop O +conformation O +allowing O +for O +interactions O +between O +phosphate B-Chemical +and O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +is O +suggested O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Purification O +of O +the O +glutamate B-Chemical +decarboxylase O +from O +human O +brain O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Km O +for O +glutamate B-Chemical +and O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +found O +for O +the O +human O +enzyme O +, O +respectively O +1 O +, O +2 O +. O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +M O +and O +0 O +, O +13 O +. O +10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +M O +, O +are O +close O +to O +the O +Km O +found O +for O +the O +Mouse O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Simple O +, O +refined O +fluorometric O +method O +for O +measuring O +cystyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +peptidase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +thiol B-Chemical +, O +L O +- O +cystine O +- O +di O +- O +beta O +- O +naphthylamide O +is O +converted O +to O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cysteine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +naphthylamide I-Chemical +, O +and O +the O +enzyme O +activity O +to O +hydrolyze O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cysteine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +naphthylamide I-Chemical +can O +be O +measured O +, O +while O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +thiol B-Chemical +, O +the O +enzyme O +activity O +to O +hydrolyze O +L O +- O +cystine O +- O +di O +- O +beta O +- O +naphthylamide O +is O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +Influence O +of O +thiocyanate O +ions O +on O +starch B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +iodine I-Chemical +reaction O +used O +for O +the O +estimation O +of O +alpha O +- O +amylase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +may O +lead B-Chemical +to O +wrong O +values O +during O +determination O +of O +alpha O +- O +amylase O +by O +this O +method O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +protein O +- O +binding O +assay O +for O +measurement O +of O +biotin B-Chemical +in O +physiological O +fluids O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +method O +is O +based O +upon O +the O +binding O +of O +an O +iodinated O +biotin B-Chemical +conjugate O +by O +avidin O +followed O +by O +separation O +of O +bound O +and O +free O +conjugate O +by O +charcoal B-Chemical +absorption O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +new O +calibration O +procedure O +consists O +of O +the O +continuous O +titration O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +liberated O +by O +lipase O +from O +the O +sample O +, O +under O +the O +same O +reaction O +conditions O +as O +those O +used O +in O +the O +turbidimetric O +assay O +. 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O + +aps B-category +These O +two O +findings O +explain O +the O +very O +low O +tyrosinase O +activity O +of O +cells O +cultured O +in O +medium O +with O +5 O +mM O +glucose B-Chemical +: O +the O +low O +activity O +is O +due O +to O +the O +presence O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +to O +the O +low O +pH O +resulting O +from O +conversion O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +to O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +radiosensitization O +may O +involve O +both O +the O +electron O +affinic O +nature O +of O +dehydroascorbate O +as O +well O +as O +its O +ability O +to O +oxidize O +the O +intracellular O +NAD O +( O +P O +) O +H O +and O +non O +- O +protein O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +oxidation O +of O +NAD O +( O +P O +) O +H O +by O +dehydroascorbate O +could O +be O +reversed O +by O +glucose B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +Phenylalanine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +in O +melanoma O +cell O +extracts O +was O +identified O +by O +its O +inhibition O +with O +p O +- O +chlorophenylalanine O +and O +not O +with O +6 O +- O +fluorotryptophan O +, O +3 O +- O +iodotyrosine O +, O +phenylthiourea O +, O +tyrosine B-Chemical +or O +tryptophan B-Chemical +; O +and O +by O +adsorption O +with O +antiserum O +prepared O +against O +purified O +rat O +liver O +phenylalanine O +hydroxylase O +, O +and O +migration O +of O +immunoprecipitable O +activity O +with O +authentic O +phenylalanine O +hydroxylase O +subunits O +in O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +- O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +sensitive O +and O +specific O +electron O +- O +capture O +gas O +- O +- O +liquid O +chromatographic O +( O +GLC O +- O +- O +ECD O +) O +assay O +was O +developed O +for O +the O +determination O +of O +8 O +- O +chloro O +- O +6 O +- O +( O +2 O +' O +- O +fluorophenyl O +) O +- O +1 O +- O +methyl O +- O +4H O +- O +imidazo O +( O +1 O +, O +5a O +) O +( O +1 O +, O +4 O +) O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +( O +I O +) O +or O +8 O +- O +chloro O +- O +1 O +, O +4 O +- O +dimethyl O +- O +6 O +- O +( O +2 O +' O +- O +fluorophenyl O +) O +- O +4H O +- O +imidazo O +( O +1 O +, O +5a O +) O +( O +1 O +, O +4 O +) O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +( O +II O +) O +in O +blood O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +major O +urinary O +metabolite O +of O +I O +is O +8 O +- O +chloro O +- O +6 O +- O +( O +2 O +' O +- O +fluorophenyl O +) O +- O +1 O +- O +hydroxymethyl O +- O +4H O +- O +imidazo O +( O +1 O +, O +5a O +) O +( O +1 O +, O +4 O +) O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +, O +( O +IA O +) O +present O +as O +a O +glucuronide O +conjugate O +while O +8 O +- O +chloro O +- O +6 O +- O +( O +2 O +' O +- O +fluorophenyl O +) O +- B-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4H I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +imidazo I-Chemical +( O +1 O +, O +5a O +) O +( O +1 O +, O +4 O +) O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +, O +( O +IB O +) O +and O +8 O +- O +chloro O +- O +6 O +- O +( O +2 O +' O +- O +fluorophenyl O +) O +- O +4 O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +1 O +- O +hydroxymethyl O +- O +4H O +- O +imidazo O +( O +1 O +, O +5a O +) O +( O +1 O +, O +4 O +) O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +, O +( O +IC O +) O +are O +minor O +metabolites O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +necessary O +to O +use O +alkali B-Chemical +flame O +ionisation O +detector O +, O +which O +specifically O +detects O +nitrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +containing I-Chemical +compounds O +. O + +aps B-category +Catecholamine B-Chemical +agonists O +compete O +for O +occupancy O +of O +the O +[ O +( O +3 O +) O +H O +] O +dihydroergocryptine O +binding O +sites O +with O +an O +order O +of O +potency O +( O +- O +) O +epinephrine B-Chemical +& O +gt O +; O +( O +- O +) O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +& O +gt O +; O +& O +gt O +; O +( O +- O +) O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +potent O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +antagonists O +phentolamine B-Chemical +, O +phenoxybenzamine O +, O +and O +yohimbine B-Chemical +competed O +potently O +for O +the O +sites O +, O +whereas O +beta O +- O +antagonists O +such O +as O +propranolol B-Chemical +and O +dichlorisoproterenol O +were O +quite O +weak O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Quinidine B-Chemical +strongly O +inhibits O +Ca O +influx O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stimulating O +effect O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +and O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +derivatives O +on O +the O +labellar O +sugar O +receptor O +of O +the O +fleshfly O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +distinct O +effect O +of O +len O +; O +th O +of O +the O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +side O +chain O +is O +clearly O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +Amino O +acids O +whose O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +are O +located O +at O +a O +position O +other O +than O +the O +alpha O +are O +almost O +ineffective O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +certain O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +can O +stimulate O +the O +sugar O +receptor O +once O +the O +solutions O +are O +buffered O +at O +neutral O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +similarity O +was O +shown O +by O +testing O +the O +response O +concentration O +relationships O +, O +the O +stimulating O +effect O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +derivatives O +, O +the O +effect O +of O +treatment O +with O +p O +- O +chloromercuribenzoate O +, O +the O +behavioral O +response O +, O +and O +so O +on O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +intracellular O +accumulation O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +against O +a O +concentration O +gradient O +was O +immediately O +inhibited O +by O +proton O +conductors O +, O +such O +as O +carbonyl O +cyanide O +p O +- O +trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone O +, O +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +dinitrophenol O +or O +nigericin O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +the O +same O +pH O +, O +a O +second O +, O +low O +- O +affinity O +system O +( O +system O +II O +) O +operated O +, O +which O +was O +presumably O +less O +specific O +than O +system O +I O +and O +also O +able O +to O +accept O +, O +at O +high O +concentrations O +, O +neutral O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +suggest O +that O +L O +- O +aspartic O +acid O +and O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +are O +transported O +by O +this O +system O +as O +neutral O +zwitterionic O +molecules O +. O + +aps B-category +Reducing O +the O +bathing O +calcium B-Chemical +concentration O +( O +[ O +Ca2 O ++ O +] O +0 O +) O +with O +or O +without O +ethylene O +glycol O +- O +bis O +( O +beta O +- O +aminoethyl O +ether B-Chemical +) O +N O +, O +N O +, O +N O +' O +, O +N O +' O +- O +tetraacetate O +( O +EGTA O +) O +prolongs O +the O +action O +potential O +( O +AP O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +prolongation O +can O +be O +reversed O +by O +other O +divalent O +cations O +in O +EGTA O +( O +Mg2 O ++ O +, O +Sr2 O ++ O +) O +or O +Ca O +- O +free O +( O +Mn2 O ++ O +) O +solutions O +, O +or O +by O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +D600 O +, O +which O +blocks O +the O +slow O +inward O +current O +in O +cardiac O +muscle O +, O +is O +without O +effect O +on O +the O +action O +potentials O +recorded O +in O +EGTA O +solutions O +, O +or O +on O +the O +time O +course O +and O +extent O +of O +the O +recovery O +to O +normal O +duration O +upon O +restoring O +calcium B-Chemical +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +binding O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +to O +acidic O +lipids O +in O +isobutanol O +. O + +aps B-category +Activation O +of O +guanylate O +cyclase O +in O +synaptic O +plasma O +membranes O +of O +cerebral O +cortex O +by O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Degradation O +of O +base O +- O +hydrolyzed O +2 O +, O +6 O +- O +dichlorobenzylthiopseudourea O +hydrochloride O +produced O +2 O +, O +6 O +- O +dichlorobenzylthiol O +and O +cyanamide O +and O +was O +followed O +by O +oxidation O +( O +air O +) O +to O +produce O +bis O +( O +2 O +, O +6 O +- O +dichlorobenzyl O +) O +disulfide O +, O +dimerization O +to O +give O +cyanoguanidine O +, O +and O +hydrolysis O +to O +yield O +urea B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +An O +improvement O +in O +a O +previously O +described O +method O +for O +the O +determination O +of O +plasma O +salicylic O +acid O +and O +aspirin B-Chemical +levels O +in O +humans O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +More O +accurate O +estimation O +of O +salicylates B-Chemical +, O +particularly O +aspirin B-Chemical +, O +was O +achieved O +by O +using O +two O +different O +calibration O +curves O +. O + +aps B-category +Absorbance O +of O +the O +blue O +- O +colored O +complex O +, O +which O +formed O +on O +addition O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +hydroxide O +, O +was O +measured O +at O +670 O +nm O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +plasma O +creatinine B-Chemical +levels O +in O +patients O +determined O +by O +high O +- O +pressure O +liquid O +chromatography O +, O +automated O +analysis O +, O +and O +boiling O +alkaline O +picrate O +method O +. O + +aps B-category +Short O +applications O +of O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +ouabain B-Chemical +had O +no O +obvious O +effect O +on O +pH O +( O +i O +) O +and O +did O +not O +alter O +the O +rate O +of O +pH O +( O +i O +) O +recovery O +following O +acidification O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +overshoot O +of O +[ O +Na O +( O ++ O +) O +] O +( O +i O +) O +was O +almost O +completely O +inhibited O +by O +amiloride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +, O +chloride B-Chemical +and O +sodium B-Chemical +ions O +in O +the O +regulation O +of O +intracellular O +pH O +in O +snail O +neurones O +. O + +aps B-category +Isolated O +portions O +of O +human O +vas O +deferens O +responded O +to O +field O +stimulation O +of O +the O +intramural O +nerve O +fibres O +or O +to O +exogenously O +applied O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +with O +rhythmical O +contractions O +of O +both O +longitudinal O +and O +circular O +muscle O +layers O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +foreign O +cations O +, O +pH O +and O +pharmacological O +agents O +on O +the O +ionic O +permeability O +of O +an O +excitatory O +glutamate B-Chemical +synapse O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +change O +in O +the O +reversal O +potential O +of O +the O +glutamate B-Chemical +current O +was O +observed O +when O +Na O +was O +replaced O +by O +these O +ions O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +activities O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +synthetase I-Chemical +and O +gamma O +- O +glutamyltransferase O +of O +the O +2 O +- O +nd O +fraction O +obtained O +from O +rat O +brain O +and O +liver O +are O +very O +much O +higher O +than O +in O +the O +first O +fraction O +and O +are O +not O +considerably O +different O +from O +the O +activities O +observed O +in O +normal O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Mechanisms O +regulating O +citric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +the O +brain O +] O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +amount O +of O +precipitable O +antigenic O +material O +paralleled O +the O +rapid O +decrease O +of O +enzyme O +activity O +observed O +after O +transition O +of O +cells O +from O +NH O +( O +4 O +) O +( O ++ O +) O +- B-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +to O +glutamate B-Chemical +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +addition O +of O +glycine B-Chemical +ethyl O +ester O +or O +N O +- O +( O +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +dinitrophenyl O +) O +- O +ethylenediamine O +( O +DNP O +- O +EDA O +) O +markedly O +increased O +the O +rate O +of O +inactivation O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +absence O +of O +amines B-Chemical +, O +incorporation O +of O +about O +3 O +mol O +of O +[ O +metho O +- O +14C O +] O +CMC O +per O +protein O +monomer O +was O +observed O +on O +complete O +inactivation O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +, O +in O +the O +phosphorylase O +- O +catalyzed O +reaction O +, O +an O +essential O +carboxyl O +group O +of O +the O +enzyme O +plays O +a O +role O +in O +the O +protonation O +of O +the O +glucosidic O +oxygen B-Chemical +of O +glucose B-Chemical +1 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +One O +- O +electron O +and O +two O +- O +electron O +reductions O +of O +acceptors O +by O +xanthine B-Chemical +oxidase O +and O +xanthine B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dependence O +of O +the O +rate O +of O +P O +- O +450 O +reduction O +on O +the O +concentration O +of O +added O +pyridine O +nucleotide B-Chemical +( O +NADPH B-Chemical +or O +NADH O +) O +was O +biphasic O +in O +DBA O +/ O +2J O +microsomes O +but O +monophasic O +in O +C57BL O +/ O +6J O +microsomes O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Six O +strains O +of O +Mycobacterium O +tuberculosis O +of O +different O +virulence O +in O +guinea O +- O +pigs O +were O +compared O +with O +regard O +to O +their O +resistance O +to O +low O +pH O +, O +to O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +( O +H2O2 B-Chemical +) O +at O +different O +pH O +values O +and O +to O +superoxide B-Chemical +( O +O2 O +- O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +H2O2 B-Chemical +resistance O +was O +only O +partly O +related O +to O +catalase O +content O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +strains O +were O +uniformly O +resistant O +to O +O2 O +- O +and O +contained O +similar O +amounts O +of O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +. O + +aps B-category +Polysaccharide O +production O +was O +not O +enhanced O +by O +phosphate B-Chemical +limitation O +but O +was O +dependent O +on O +the O +dilution O +rate O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Five O +patients O +( O +four O +with O +vitiligo O +and O +one O +with O +pernicious O +anaemia O +) O +were O +subjected O +to O +the O +histamine B-Chemical +infusion O +test O +; O +there O +were O +achlorhydric O +while O +the O +remaining O +two O +secreted O +quite O +small O +amounts O +of O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +order O +to O +assess O +the O +contribution O +of O +swallowed O +saliva O +the O +histamine B-Chemical +test O +was O +done O +twice O +in O +each O +patient O +: O +( O +A O +) O +with O +precautions O +to O +prevent O +swallowing O +of O +saliva O +; O +and O +( O +B O +) O +with O +the O +patient O +allowed O +to O +swallow O +saliva O +freely O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +shown O +that O +the O +thermodynamic O +optimum O +of O +ampicillin B-Chemical +synthesis O +was O +at O +3 O +. O +20 O +( O +the O +value O +of O +the O +effective O +free O +energy O +under O +the O +experimental O +conditions O +was O +3 O +. O +27 O +kcal O +/ O +mole O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +thermodynamic O +parameters O +of O +ampicillin B-Chemical +and O +benzylpenicillin B-Chemical +hydrolysis O +were O +compared O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Use O +of O +the O +penicillanic O +acid O +formation O +reaction O +for O +the O +analysis O +of O +penicillins B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +procedure O +for O +quantitative O +determination O +of O +oxacillin B-Chemical +by O +means O +of O +spectrophotometry O +is O +described O +. 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O + +aps B-category +These O +two O +patients O +, O +whose O +cases O +are O +classified O +as O +the O +allergic O +granulomatosis O +variant O +of O +polyarteritis O +nodosa O +, O +have O +had O +a O +remission O +of O +seven O +and O +almost O +two O +years O +, O +respectively O +, O +after O +combined O +prednisone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +azathioprine I-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +efficient O +method O +for O +the O +purification O +of O +human O +fibroblast O +interferon B-Chemical +( O +IF O +) O +based O +on O +binding O +via O +the O +N O +- O +acetyl O +neuraminic O +acid O +( O +N O +- O +ANA O +) O +residue O +of O +the O +IF O +molecules O +to O +the O +immobilized O +neuraminidase O +has O +been O +developed O +. 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O + +aps B-category +To O +compare O +the O +extraction O +behaviour O +of O +hexane O +, O +toluene O +, O +chloroform B-Chemical +, O +1 O +, O +2 O +- O +dichloroethane O +, O +diethylether O +, O +ethyl O +acetate O +and O +acetone O +towards O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +, O +phenytoin B-Chemical +, O +primidone O +and O +carbamazepine B-Chemical +, O +partition O +coefficients O +of O +these O +drugs O +between O +the O +above O +solvents O +and O +water O +( O +saturated O +with O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulphate O +when O +working O +with O +acetone O +) O +were O +measured O +at O +different O +pH O +- O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +Intracellular O +localization O +of O +hepatic O +propionyl O +- O +CoA O +carboxylase O +and O +methylmalonyl O +- O +CoA O +mutase O +in O +humans O +and O +normal O +and O +vitamin B-Chemical +B12 I-Chemical +deficient O +rats O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +reaction O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +with O +two O +different O +stable O +nitroxides O +( O +spin O +labels O +) O +is O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +iodoacetamide O +spin O +label O +reacts O +with O +several O +groups O +, O +one O +of O +which O +is O +not O +a O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +of O +CaCl2 B-Chemical +had O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +fluorescence O +of O +the O +monomer O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +value O +of O +k3 O +could O +also O +be O +obtained O +by O +measuring O +the O +rate O +of O +reactions O +between O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +and O +peroxidases O +at O +alkaline O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxidation O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +by O +various O +acceptors O +catalyzed O +by O +submitochondrial O +particles O +and O +a O +partially O +purified O +NADH O +dehydrogenase O +from O +beef O +heart O +was O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +partially O +purified O +NADH O +dehydrogenase O +prepared O +from O +these O +particles O +catalyzes O +an O +oxidation O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +by O +acetylpyridine O +- O +NAD O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +binding O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +to O +this O +site O +appears O +to O +be O +rate O +limiting O +for O +the O +overall O +reactions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +reduction O +of O +FMN O +by O +NADPH B-Chemical +is O +at O +least O +two O +orders O +of O +magnitude O +lower O +than O +with O +NADH O +. O + +aps B-category +Pyridine O +nucleotide B-Chemical +interactions O +with O +isolated O +plant O +mitochondria O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +with O +nitrite B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +mediated I-Chemical +proton O +transfer O +across O +the O +envelope O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +addition O +of O +nitrite B-Chemical +leads O +to O +an O +acidificiation O +in O +the O +stroma O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +view O +of O +earlier O +results O +on O +the O +pH O +sensitivity O +of O +C02 O +fixation O +it O +is O +concluded O +that O +this O +pH O +shift O +in O +the O +stroma O +is O +responsible O +for O +the O +observed O +inhibition O +of O +CO2 O +fixation O +by O +nitrite B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Malate O +, O +aspartate B-Chemical +and O +a O +number O +of O +other O +dicarboxylates O +are O +rapidly O +transported O +across O +the O +envelope O +leading O +to O +an O +accumulation O +in O +the O +chloroplasts O +. O + +aps B-category +Melanin O +inhibited O +rat O +liver O +phenylalanine O +hydroxylase O +, O +but O +activated O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +from O +rat O +brain O +( O +caudate O +nucleus O +) O +, O +rat O +adrenal O +glands O +, O +and O +bovine O +adrenal O +medulla O +. 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O + +aps B-category +When O +intravenously O +administered O +to O +rats O +, O +[ O +U O +- O +14C O +] O +glycine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +labelled I-Chemical +GSSG B-Chemical +, O +GSH O +and O +its O +analogue O +ophthalmic O +acid O +were O +rapidly O +removed O +from O +the O +blood O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +indicate O +that O +, O +when O +entering O +the O +extracellular O +space O +, O +glutathione B-Chemical +and O +its O +analogues O +are O +completely O +hydrolysed O +and O +must O +be O +resynthesized O +after O +reuptake O +of O +the O +constituent O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Spin O +- O +trapping O +of O +the O +trichloromethyl O +radical O +produced O +during O +enzymic O +NADPH B-Chemical +oxidation O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +tetrachloride I-Chemical +or O +bromotrichloromethane O +. 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O + +aps B-category +By O +the O +incubation O +of O +the O +immobilized O +A O +. O +aceris O +cells O +at O +pH O +4 O +. O +0 O +, O +the O +NAD O +kinase O +activity O +increased O +and O +the O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphate I-Chemical +( O +ATP O +) O +- O +degradation O +activity O +disappeared O +completely O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +model O +structure O +was O +suggested O +by O +an O +extensive O +investigation O +of O +the O +causes O +of O +the O +lap O +phases O +of O +S O +. O +cerevisiae O +which O +found O +that O +, O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +the O +traditionally O +accepted O +trends O +, O +the O +length O +of O +the O +lap O +phase O +was O +not O +inoculum O +- O +size O +dependent O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Automatic O +titration O +method O +for O +determination O +of O +acid O +production O +from O +sugars O +and O +sugar B-Chemical +alcohols I-Chemical +in O +small O +samples O +of O +dental O +plaque O +material O +. O + +aps B-category +Ethanol O +- O +acetone O +precipitates O +from O +boar O +rete O +testis O +or O +caudal O +epididymal O +fluids O +inhibited O +the O +reaction O +of O +interstitial O +and O +Sertoli O +cells O +, O +but O +this O +inhibition O +in O +the O +sow O +was O +limited O +only O +to O +degenerative O +ovarian O +structures O +, O +probably O +due O +to O +an O +insufficient O +level O +of O +inhibiting O +antigen O +in O +these O +two O +seminal O +fluids O +, O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +with O +the O +very O +high O +concentration O +of O +relaxin O +in O +luteal O +cells O +of O +pregnant O +sows O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Although O +the O +minimal O +bactericidal O +concentration O +( O +MBC O +) O +of O +gentamicin B-Chemical +was O +1 O +microgram O +/ O +ml O +, O +killing O +in O +vivo O +occurred O +only O +when O +concentrations O +in O +CSF O +were O +10 O +- O +- O +30 O +times O +the O +MBC O +. O + +aps B-category +Titers O +of O +bacteria O +in O +CSF O +were O +reduced O +2 O +. O +60 O +log10 O +( O +mean O +) O +with O +gentamicin B-Chemical +therapy O +vs O +. O +0 O +. O +92 O +log10 O +( O +mean O +) O +with O +combination O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +A O +study O +on O +thromboembolic O +complication O +of O +the O +mitral O +valve O +with O +Starr O +- O +Edwards O +ball O +valve O +prostheses O +with O +reference O +to O +a O +combined O +anticoagulation O +utilizing O +warfarin B-Chemical +and O +bucolome O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +biotin B-Chemical +deficient O +fish O +were O +anorexic O +, O +and O +exhibited O +degeneration O +of O +the O +gills O +: O +shortening O +and O +thickening O +of O +the O +lamellae O +and O +hypertrophy O +and O +hyperplasia O +of O +the O +heterogenous O +epithelial O +cells O +of O +the O +lamellae O +. O + +aps B-category +Streptococcus O +pneumoniae O +resistant O +to O +erythromycin B-Chemical +and O +clindamycin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +buccal O +absorption O +characteristics O +and O +physicochemical O +properties O +of O +the O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +blocking O +agents O +propranolol B-Chemical +and O +atenolol B-Chemical +have O +been O +investigated O +to O +evaluate O +their O +permeation O +properties O +across O +biological O +lipid O +membranes O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Increased O +ipsilateral O +dopamine B-Chemical +release O +within O +the O +corpus O +striatrum O +accompanied O +this O +response O +. O + +aps B-category +Dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxylase I-Chemical +release O +following O +acute O +selective O +sympathetic O +nerve O +stimulation O +of O +the O +heart O +, O +spleen O +and O +mesentery O +. O + +aps B-category +20 O +h O +before O +experiment O +) O +and O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +cocaine B-Chemical +( O +3 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +, O +corticosterone B-Chemical +( O +2 O +. O +8 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +, O +tropolone O +( O +3 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +, O +propranolol B-Chemical +( O +4 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +and O +disodium O +EDTA O +( O +3 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +, O +the O +potency O +ratios O +( O +relative O +to O +( O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +noradrenaline I-Chemical +) O +of O +( O +- O +) O +adrenaline B-Chemical +, O +( O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +phenylephrine I-Chemical +and O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +methoxamine I-Chemical +were O +( O +m O ++ O +/ O +- O +s O +. O +e O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +The O +pA2 O +value O +of O +phentolamine B-Chemical +in O +rabbits O +ileum O +was O +not O +significantly O +different O +whether O +( O +- O +) O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +or O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +methoxamine B-Chemical +was O +used O +as O +agonist O +( O +7 O +. O +91 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +07 O +and O +7 O +. O +97 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +06 O +respectively O +) O +while O +that O +of O +yohimbine B-Chemical +was O +5 O +. O +56 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +10 O +using O +( O +- O +) O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +6 O +. O +19 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +12 O +using O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +methoxamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Light O +scattering O +, O +conductivity O +and O +pH O +methods O +have O +been O +used O +to O +examine O +the O +aggregation O +in O +aqueous O +solution O +of O +a O +series O +of O +antidepressant B-Chemical +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +significant O +association O +of O +dibenzepin O +, O +mianserin B-Chemical +or O +maprotiline O +hydrochlorides O +could O +be O +detected O +up O +to O +their O +respective O +solubility O +limits O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enterohepatic O +circulation O +of O +oxazepam B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +O I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucuronide I-Chemical +in O +guinea O +- O +pigs O +. O + +aps B-category +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +( O +E O +) O +- O +2 O +- O +( O +3 O +, O +4 O +- O +Dihydroxyphenyl O +) O +cyclopropylamine O +hydrochloride O +( O +ASL O +- O +7003 O +) O +: O +a O +rigid O +analogue O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Comparative O +effects O +of O +pemoline B-Chemical +, O +amfonelic O +acid O +and O +amphetamine B-Chemical +on O +dopamine B-Chemical +uptake O +and O +release O +in O +vitro O +and O +on O +brain O +3 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dihydroxyphenylacetic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +concentration O +in O +spiperone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +potential O +interaction O +between O +gentamicin B-Chemical +and O +cephalexin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +study O +has O +been O +made O +of O +the O +effects O +produced O +on O +the O +disintegration O +and O +dissolution O +times O +of O +chloroquine B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +tablets O +by O +varying O +their O +moisture O +and O +starch O +contents O +and O +the O +distribution O +of O +the O +starch O +in O +the O +formulation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +proportions O +of O +the O +main O +components O +present O +in O +gentamicin B-Chemical +sulphate O +complex O +, O +gentamicins O +C1 O +, O +C1a O +and O +C2 O +, O +can O +be O +monitored O +by O +1H O +nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +( O +nmr O +) O +spectrometry O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reference O +standards O +and O +all O +batches O +of O +gentamicin B-Chemical +sulphate O +intended O +for O +therapeutic O +use O +in O +the O +United O +Kingdom O +examined O +by O +this O +procedure O +comply O +with O +the O +limits O +laid O +down O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +fluorescent O +degradation O +product O +of O +cephalexin B-Chemical +, O +recently O +employed O +in O +the O +determination O +of O +this O +antibiotic O +in O +aqueous O +solution O +and O +human O +plasma O +, O +has O +been O +isolated O +and O +identified O +as O +2 O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +3 O +- O +phenyl O +- O +6 O +- O +methylpyrazine O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +reported O +methods O +for O +the O +fluorimetric O +determination O +of O +ampicillin B-Chemical +have O +also O +been O +found O +to O +yield O +the O +same O +degradation O +product O +and O +not O +the O +suggested O +diketopiperazine O +structure O +. O + +aps B-category +Strains O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +, O +Pseudomonas O +aeruginosa O +and O +Staphylococcus O +aureus O +harbouring O +plasmids O +that O +confer O +mercury O +resistance O +grew O +in O +nutrient O +broth O +containing O +concentrations O +of O +phenylmercuric O +nitrate B-Chemical +( O +PMN O +) O +that O +were O +inhibitory O +to O +isogenic O +plasmid O +- O +less O +strains O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +compared O +the O +melanophore O +- O +stimulating O +action O +of O +four O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +, O +trifluoperazine O +, O +perphenazine O +, O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +, O +and O +prochlorperazine B-Chemical +, O +with O +alpha O +- O +MSH O +on O +the O +skin O +of O +the O +lizard O +Anolis O +carolinensis O +, O +using O +a O +new O +rate O +method O +of O +bioassay O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +may O +therefore O +stimulate O +melanosome O +dispersion O +in O +the O +lizard O +skin O +by O +the O +same O +mechanism O +as O +alpha O +- O +MSH O +; O +a O +MSH O +- O +mimetic O +action O +of O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +may O +similarly O +explain O +their O +pigmentary O +action O +in O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +the O +18 O +compounds O +only O +three O +, O +penicillin B-Chemical +, O +carbenicillin B-Chemical +and O +nystatin O +were O +free O +of O +hair O +cell O +toxicity O +and O +inflammatory O +effects O +on O +the O +middle O +ear O +mucosa O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +salicylate I-Chemical +( O +177 O +. O +8 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +, O +by O +mouth O +) O +was O +given O +with O +[ O +14C O +] O +warfarin B-Chemical +( O +1 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +, O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +an O +enhancement O +of O +the O +biliary O +elimination O +of O +14C O +in O +the O +first O +5 O +h O +after O +salicylate B-Chemical +and O +a O +decrease O +in O +14C O +concentration O +in O +blood O +; O +the O +proportion O +of O +warfarin B-Chemical +to O +its O +metabolites O +excreted O +in O +the O +urine O +and O +bile O +was O +unchanged O +. O + +aps B-category +Salicylate B-Chemical +increases O +the O +initial O +biliary O +elimination O +of O +warfarin B-Chemical +by O +displacing O +some O +of O +that O +bound O +to O +plasma O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +effect O +of O +salicylate B-Chemical +did O +not O +modify O +the O +hypoprothrombinaemia O +produced O +by O +warfarin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Those O +induced O +by O +aspirin B-Chemical +treatment O +in O +pylorus O +- O +ligated O +rats O +were O +not O +affected O +by O +either O +antihistamine O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +salicylate B-Chemical +inhibited O +both O +indomethacin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +lesions O +and O +those O +produced O +by O +aspirin B-Chemical +in O +pylorus O +- O +ligated O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Investigation O +of O +the O +role O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +H1 O +- O +receptors O +in O +the O +control O +of O +gastric O +acid O +secretion O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Antagonism O +by O +methylphenidate B-Chemical +of O +the O +stereotyped O +behaviour O +produced O +by O +( O ++ O +) O +- B-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +in O +reserpinized O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuroleptic B-Chemical +interaction O +with O +the O +serotoninergic O +- O +dopaminergic O +mechanisms O +in O +the O +nucleus O +accumbens O +. O + +aps B-category +Lack O +of O +effect O +of O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +on O +the O +activity O +of O +monoamine O +oxidase O +in O +rat O +brain O +. 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O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +a O +dose O +of O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyltyrosine I-Chemical +wihch O +had O +no O +effect O +in O +control O +rats O +or O +in O +rats O +with O +brain O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +depleted O +caused O +a O +significant O +reduction O +in O +responding O +at O +both O +electrode O +placements O +in O +animals O +depleted O +of O +brain O +dopamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +When O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +sulfate O +was O +given O +to O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxydopamine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +rats O +, O +the O +facilitation O +of O +self O +- O +stimulation O +produced O +by O +this O +compound O +was O +significantly O +attenuated O +in O +rats O +with O +prior O +depletion O +of O +brain O +dopamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +other O +experiments O +, O +the O +actions O +of O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +to O +increase O +self O +- O +stimulation O +of O +animals O +pretreated O +with O +reserpine B-Chemical +was O +found O +to O +be O +antagonized O +by O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyltyrosine I-Chemical +but O +not O +by O +U O +- O +14 O +, O +624 O +. O + +aps B-category +Enhancement O +by O +choline B-Chemical +of O +the O +induction O +of O +adrenal O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +by O +phenoxybenzamine O +, O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxydopamine I-Chemical +, O +insulin O +or O +exposure O +to O +cold O +. O + +aps B-category +Such O +treatments O +include O +the O +systemic O +administration O +of O +the O +drugs O +phenoxybenzamine O +and O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxydopamine I-Chemical +, O +insulin O +- O +induced O +hypoglycemia O +, O +and O +prolonged O +exposure O +to O +cold O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +present O +studies O +, O +rats O +received O +both O +choline B-Chemical +and O +one O +of O +the O +above O +treatments O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +observations O +strongly O +support O +the O +view O +that O +choline B-Chemical +availability O +determines O +both O +the O +amount O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +present O +in O +nerve O +terminals O +and O +the O +amount O +liberated O +when O +cholinergic O +neurons O +fire O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +verapamil B-Chemical +on O +excitation O +- O +contraction O +coupling O +in O +frog O +sartorius O +muscle O +. O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +and O +strontium O +concentration O +changes O +within O +skinned O +muscle O +preparations O +following O +a O +change O +in O +the O +external O +bathing O +solution O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +presence O +of O +10 O +mM B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +caffeine I-Chemical +in O +all O +bathing O +solutions O +reduced O +drastically O +the O +ability O +of O +the O +sarcoplasmic O +reticulum O +to O +accumulate O +both O +Ca O +and O +Sr O +. O + +aps B-category +From O +the O +electrical O +parameters O +measured O +concomitantly O +with O +the O +rate O +of O +fluid O +transport O +in O +given O +experiments O +, O +the O +expected O +salt B-Chemical +concentration O +of O +the O +transported O +fluid O +was O +0 O +. O +30 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +08 O +and O +0 O +. O +38 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +08 O +mole O +/ O +l O +. O + +aps B-category +Also O +, O +there O +are O +indications O +that O +the O +net O +transport O +of O +chloride B-Chemical +in O +these O +cells O +is O +slow O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +membrane O +potential O +was O +measured O +as O +a O +function O +of O +extracellular O +chloride B-Chemical +concentration O +( O +5 O +- O +120mM O +) O +, O +using O +an O +impermeant O +anion O +( O +Para B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hippurate I-Chemical +) O +as O +a O +substitute O +. O + +aps B-category +From O +these O +membrane O +potentials O +and O +the O +corresponding O +chloride B-Chemical +concentrations O +in O +the O +medium O +( O +at O +constant O +intracellular O +ion O +concentrations O +) O +, O +the O +GCl O +of O +the O +membrane O +was O +calculated O +to O +be O +3 O +. O +9 O +x O +10 O +- O +7 O +omega O +- O +1 O +cm O +- O +2 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +large O +discrepancy O +between O +the O +rate O +of O +exchange O +of O +chloride B-Chemical +and O +its O +conductance O +is O +in O +agreement O +with O +measurements O +on O +human O +and O +sheep O +red O +cells O +employing O +the O +ionophore O +valinomycin O +to O +increase O +the O +potassium B-Chemical +conductance O +of O +the O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Amino O +acids O +as O +transmitters O +: O +glycine B-Chemical +, O +taurine O +and O +serine O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Pharmacology O +of O +Sch O +11973 O +, O +N O +- O +( O +2 O +- O +phenylisopropyl O +) O +- O +N O +- O +p O +- O +toluene O +sulfonyl O +urea B-Chemical +, O +a O +potential O +new O +antianginal O +agent O +. O + +aps B-category +Nitroglycerin B-Chemical +, O +at O +a O +dose O +of O +0 O +. O +04 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +given O +bucally O +, O +exerted O +less O +protection O +, O +lasting O +on O +the O +average O +less O +than O +15 O +minutes O +. O + +aps B-category +Involvement O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +H1 O +- O +and O +H2 O +- O +receptors O +in O +induced O +asthmas O +in O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +experimentally O +induced O +bronchoconstriction O +and O +bronchosecretion O +, O +with O +ascaris O +suum O +and O +histamine B-Chemical +in O +anesthetized O +dogs O +was O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +increase O +in O +Rrs O +by O +histamine B-Chemical +inhalation O +was O +effectively O +inhibited O +or O +abolished O +by O +a O +histamine B-Chemical +H1 O +- O +receptor O +antagonist O +, O +chlorpheniramine B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +3 O +- O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +v O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +increase O +in O +Rrs O +by O +antigen O +inhalation O +was O +reduced O +by O +relatively O +high O +doses O +of O +chlorpheniramine B-Chemical +( O +1 O +- O +3 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +v O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Papaverine O +( O +Pap O +) O +inhibited O +a O +tonic O +tension O +development O +in O +guinea O +pig O +taenia O +coli O +induced O +by O +an O +elevation O +of O +the O +potassium B-Chemical +concentration O +of O +the O +medium O +to O +40 O +mM O +( O +40 O +- O +K O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mechanism O +and O +control O +of O +human O +erythrocyte O +zinc B-Chemical +uptake O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +albumin O +in O +blood O +plasma O +appears O +to O +be O +the O +main O +zinc B-Chemical +binding O +moiety O +, O +effectively O +limiting O +zinc B-Chemical +availability O +ot O +the O +red O +cell O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +studying O +the O +content O +of O +lactic O +and O +pyruvic O +acids O +in O +the O +cerebrospinal O +fluid O +of O +31 O +patients O +during O +operation O +for O +intracranial O +aneurysms O +under O +halothane B-Chemical +anesthesia O +, O +the O +authors O +established O +that O +the O +performance O +of O +these O +operations O +under O +protection O +of O +deep O +( O +40 O +mm O +Hg O +) O +and O +prolonged O +( O +up O +to O +2 O +hrs O +25 O +min O +) O +artificial O +arterial O +hypotension O +in O +an O +uncomplicated O +course O +of O +the O +surgical O +intervention O +was O +not O +attended O +with O +hypoxic O +damage O +of O +the O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +lead B-Chemical +to O +the O +conclusion O +that O +the O +same O +enzyme O +catalyses O +the O +dehydrogenation O +of O +3 O +- O +hydroxyhexobarbital O +and O +1 O +- O +indanol O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +yeast O +" O +H O +" O +of O +the O +genus O +Candida O +guilliermondii O +can O +grow O +on O +hydrocarbons O +as O +the O +only O +source O +for O +carbon B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +During O +urea B-Chemical +metabolism O +ammonia B-Chemical +has O +never O +been O +accumulated O +in O +the O +culture O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +cell O +- O +free O +extracts O +of O +the O +yeast O +urea B-Chemical +amidolyase O +activity O +was O +detected O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +ATP O +, O +biotin B-Chemical +and O +specific O +cations O +. O + +aps B-category +Similarly O +the O +synthesis O +of O +arginase O +is O +regulated O +by O +arginine O +and O +ammonia B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +the O +level O +of O +arginase O +and O +ornithine B-Chemical +carbamyl O +- O +transferase O +change O +in O +a O +characteristic O +way O +during O +the O +batch O +- O +culture O +. O + +aps B-category +Experiments O +from O +our O +laboratory O +indicate O +that O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +is O +more O +responsive O +to O +starvation O +and O +refeeding O +in O +young O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Blood O +coagulation O +state O +in O +cerebral O +infarct O +and O +the O +results O +of O +using O +sodium B-Chemical +citrate I-Chemical +in O +the O +treatment O +complex O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +CMRL O +- O +1969 O +medium O +( O +Healy O +et O +al O +. O +, O +1971 O +) O +was O +modified O +by O +using O +0 O +. O +02 O +molar O +N O +- O +[ O +Tris O +- O +( O +hydroxymethyl O +) O +- O +methyl O +] O +- O +glycin O +( O += O +TRICIN O +) O +instead O +of O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +as O +the O +buffer O +substance O +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +phenothiazine O +derivatives O +( O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +, O +levomepromazine B-Chemical +, O +diethazine O +, O +promethazine B-Chemical +and O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +) O +sulphoxyde O +were O +tested O +for O +antimycobacterial O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +minimum O +inhibitory O +concentrations O +for O +M O +. O +tuberculosis O +were O +: O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +and O +levomepromazine B-Chemical +, O +10 O +microgram O +/ O +ml O +; O +diethazine O +and O +promethazine B-Chemical +20 O +microgram O +/ O +ml O +, O +whilst O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +sulphoxyde O +was O +ineffective O +even O +at O +a O +concentration O +of O +100 O +microgram O +/ O +ml O +. O + +aps B-category +asaccharolyticus O +culture O +, O +a O +protein O +fraction O +was O +isolated O +by O +ethanol B-Chemical +precipitation O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +ATPase O +of O +nuclear O +membranes O +isolated O +from O +ZP O +cells O +exhibited O +similar O +properties O +but O +behaved O +differently O +to O +the O +action O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dithionite O +, O +dinitrophenol O +, O +oligomycin O +and O +gramicidin O +, O +as O +well O +as O +on O +heat O +inactivation O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +3 O +- O +[ O +bis O +- O +( O +2 O +- O +hydroxyethyl O +) O +- B-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +] O +- O +acetophenone O +- O +[ O +4 O +. O +5 O +- O +diphenyl O +- O +oxazolyl O +- O +( O +2 O +) O +] O +- O +hydrazone O +( O +IMET O +98 O +/ O +69 O +) O +on O +lethal O +mengo O +virus O +encephalitis O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +antigen O +was O +precipitated O +from O +serum O +- O +containing O +medium O +, O +higher O +titres O +were O +obtained O +, O +provided O +that O +substrate O +or O +final O +product O +were O +treated O +with O +Tween O +80 O +and O +ether B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +increase O +in O +plasma O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +concentration O +during O +physical O +exercise O +was O +used O +as O +an O +index O +of O +sympathetic O +responsiveness O +. O + +aps B-category +Atenolol O +induced O +a O +marked O +decrease O +in O +blood O +pressure O +and O +pulse O +rate O +during O +recumbency O +, O +orthostasis O +and O +exercise O +concomitant O +with O +a O +marked O +increase O +in O +plasma O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +concentration O +( O +p O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +0125 O +) O +and O +a O +pronounced O +decrease O +in O +plasma O +renin O +concentration O +( O +p O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +obtained O +indicate O +that O +sympathetic O +responsiveness O +is O +an O +important O +determinant O +of O +blood O +pressure O +response O +to O +beta O +- O +blockade O +induced O +by O +atenolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +61 O +year O +old O +male O +patient O +was O +studied O +who O +manifested O +dehydration O +, O +azotemia O +, O +acidosis O +and O +hyperkalemia O +six O +weeks O +after O +exposure O +to O +methicillin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +distal O +renal O +tubular O +acidosis O +and O +a O +quantitively O +impaired O +ability O +to O +excrete O +potassium B-Chemical +were O +also O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +renal O +biopsy O +specimen O +showed O +an O +interstitial O +nephritis O +which O +selectively O +affected O +distal O +tubules O +and O +was O +thought O +to O +be O +secondary O +to O +methicillin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +hypothesis O +has O +led O +to O +clinical O +trials O +of O +antiprostaglandin O +agents O +such O +as O +indomethacin B-Chemical +and O +fenamates O +, O +which O +inhibit O +the O +synthesis O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +through O +the O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +synthetase O +system O +as O +well O +as O +antagonize O +their O +action O +at O +the O +cell O +receptor O +level O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +studies O +suggested O +that O +increased O +endometrial O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +production O +and O +release O +may O +cause O +dysmenorrhea O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Similar O +observations O +have O +been O +reported O +in O +a O +variety O +of O +neuroendocrine O +neoplasms O +; O +for O +example O +, O +the O +demonstration O +of O +neurosecretory O +- O +type O +granules O +and O +determination O +of O +amine B-Chemical +or O +peptide O +materials O +in O +tumor O +tissue O +or O +body O +fluids O +may O +not O +be O +necessarily O +reflected O +in O +clinical O +hormonal O +syndromes O +or O +obvious O +metabolic O +abnormalities O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +paper O +is O +a O +review O +of O +published O +reports O +, O +in O +English O +, O +of O +educational O +programs O +designed O +to O +change O +smoking B-Chemical +behavior O +. O + +aps B-category +Health O +effects O +of O +smoking B-Chemical +, O +both O +short O +- O +and O +long O +- O +term O +effects O +, O +have O +been O +emphasized O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +elevation O +of O +the O +serum O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +could O +not O +be O +definitely O +related O +to O +the O +degree O +or O +duration O +of O +elevation O +of O +the O +serum O +thyroxine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +There O +may O +be O +a O +clinically O +, O +biochemically O +, O +and O +pharmacologically O +definable O +subtype O +of O +depression O +in O +which O +there O +is O +a O +disorder O +of O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +metabolism O +or O +disposition O +in O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Blood O +pH O +, O +aqueous O +pH O +, O +and O +intraocular O +tension O +were O +noted O +in O +20 O +albino O +rabbits O +before O +and O +after O +administration O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +C I-Chemical +in O +oral O +dosage O +of O +7 O +. O +5 O +gm O +/ O +kg O +/ O +day O +( O +in O +4 O +equal O +divided O +doses O +for O +one O +week O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +supplement O +to O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +fractionations O +: O +utilization O +of O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +transpeptidase O +and O +hydroxyproline B-Chemical +assays O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +25 O +patients O +with O +definite O +diagnosis O +, O +the O +urea B-Chemical +denaturation O +test O +correctly O +identified O +the O +source O +of O +the O +elevated O +serum O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +( O +ALP O +) O +in O +16 O +( O +64 O +percent O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Relationship O +of O +renal O +sodium B-Chemical +and O +water O +transport O +to O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +secretion O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +riboflavin B-Chemical +synthetase O +was O +purified O +51 O +- O +fold O +from O +a O +thermophilic O +organism O +, O +Bacillus O +stearothermophilus O +ATCC O +8005 O +, O +that O +grew O +at O +40 O +to O +72 O +degrees O +C O +. O +Some O +of O +the O +properties O +of O +the O +enzyme O +are O +: O +( O +i O +) O +its O +temperature O +optimum O +was O +95 O +degrees O +C O +, O +and O +the O +activity O +was O +negligible O +below O +40 O +degrees O +C O +; O +( O +ii O +) O +the O +Arrhenius O +plot O +of O +the O +initial O +reaction O +rates O +was O +concave O +upward O +, O +with O +a O +break O +at O +65 O +degrees O +C O +, O +and O +the O +apparent O +activation O +energies O +below O +and O +above O +65 O +degrees O +C O +were O +4 O +. O +2 O +X O +10 O +( O +4 O +) O +and O +6 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +basis O +of O +our O +experimental O +researches O +bunitrolol O +presented O +: O +a O +) O +beta O +- O +adrenolytic O +activity O +prevailingly O +at O +cardiac O +level O +( O +superior O +to O +propranolol B-Chemical +and O +practolol O +) O +in O +respect O +to O +vascular O +, O +tracheal O +, O +bronchial O +, O +uterus O +, O +intestinal O +and O +metabolic O +level O +; O +b O +) O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +intrinsic O +activity O +; O +c O +) O +local O +anesthetic O +activity O +; O +d O +) O +chinidino O +- O +like O +activity O +; O +e O +) O +antiarrhythmic O +activity O +; O +f O +) O +hypotensive O +activity O +with O +interferences O +at O +the O +level O +of O +vasomotor O +centres O +, O +of O +the O +barosensitive O +zones O +, O +of O +the O +renin O +secretion O +and O +of O +the O +purinergic O +periphery O +. O + +aps B-category +Rats O +were O +exposed O +to O +[ O +1 O +, O +2 O +- O +14C O +] O +vinyl O +chloride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Radioactive O +3 O +, O +N4 O +- O +ethenocytidine O +moieties O +were O +also O +formed O +on O +incubation O +of O +polycytidylic O +acid O +with O +rat O +liver O +microsomes O +, O +NADPH B-Chemical +and O +[ O +14C O +] O +vinyl O +chloride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +evaluation O +of O +1158 O +cases O +of O +accidental O +ingestions O +of O +several O +types O +of O +household O +products O +and O +a O +collection O +of O +data O +from O +the O +literature O +on O +the O +causticity O +of O +these O +substances O +shows O +that O +cleaners O +containing O +mainly O +detergents O +and O +phosphates O +( O +with O +pH O +values O +generally O +between O +9 O +and O +11 O +) O +, O +and O +household O +bleaches O +on O +sodium B-Chemical +hypochlorite O +basis O +, O +are O +relatively O +harmless O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +pilot O +study O +with O +the O +new O +oral O +long O +- O +acting O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +agent O +clopimozide O +, O +a O +diphenylbutylpiperidine O +derivative O +, O +has O +been O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Determination O +of O +gamma O +- O +glutamyltransferase O +in O +patients O +with O +chronic O +anti O +- O +epileptic O +, O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +and O +anti O +- O +parkinsonism O +therapy O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Diazepam B-Chemical +and O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +were O +compared O +as O +amnesic O +and O +sedative O +adjuncts O +to O +local O +anaesthesia O +for O +diagnostic O +bronchoscopy O +in O +92 O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +hours O +after O +the O +injection O +, O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +0 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Entry O +of O +beta O +- O +hydroxybutyrate O +into O +erythrocytes O +and O +thymocytes O +is O +facilitated O +by O +a O +carrier O +( O +C O +) O +, O +as O +judged O +from O +temperature O +dependence O +, O +saturation O +kinetics O +, O +stereospecificity O +, O +competition O +with O +lactate B-Chemical +and O +pyruvate B-Chemical +, O +and O +inhibition O +by O +moderate O +concentrations O +of O +methylisobutylxanthine O +, O +phloretin O +, O +or O +alpha O +- O +cyanocinnamate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +extrinsic O +Cotton O +effects O +of O +Cd O +, O +Zn O +- O +thioneins O +of O +varying O +Cd O +to O +Zn O +ratio O +could O +be O +simulated O +using O +the O +difference O +circular O +dichroic O +spectra O +of O +Cd O +- O +thionein O +( O +bands O +at O +227 O +, O +242 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +to O +the O +diminished O +formation O +of O +adrenochrome O +due O +to O +the O +scavenging O +of O +superoxide B-Chemical +anions O +and O +re O +- O +reduction O +of O +the O +semiquinone O +by O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +, O +respectively O +, O +adrenochrome O +is O +further O +removed O +by O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +, O +with O +final O +products O +absorbing O +at O +310 O +nm O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +monitoring O +the O +absorption O +of O +adrenochrome O +in O +alkaline O +solutions O +does O +not O +produce O +reliable O +evidence O +for O +superoxide B-Chemical +anions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +factor O +was O +partially O +purified O +by O +streptomycin B-Chemical +treatment O +and O +column O +chromatography O +using O +hydroxyapatite O +, O +diethylaminoethyl O +cellulose O +and O +Sephadex O +G O +- O +75 O +, O +in O +this O +order O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Enkephalin O +and O +morphine B-Chemical +competitively O +inhibited O +the O +pancreatic O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +secretion O +induced O +either O +by O +exogenous O +secretin O +or O +duodenal O +acidification O +. O + +aps B-category +Opiate O +substance O +also O +profoundly O +inhibited O +pancreatic O +protein O +response O +to O +octapeptide O +of O +cholecystokinin B-Chemical +and O +to O +various O +stimulants O +of O +endogenous O +cholecystokinin B-Chemical +release O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effectiveness O +of O +water O +supply O +installations O +in O +regard O +to O +organophosphate B-Chemical +poisons O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibitory O +effect O +of O +these O +salts O +correlated O +primarily O +with O +the O +concentration O +of O +chloride B-Chemical +anion O +. O + +aps B-category +Electroencephalographic O +( O +EEG O +) O +effects O +of O +flurazepam B-Chemical +were O +investigated O +in O +unanesthetized O +, O +unrestrained O +rabbits O +with O +chronic O +electrode O +implants O +and O +compared O +with O +those O +of O +diazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +recruiting O +response O +was O +slightly O +enhanced O +by O +flurazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +little O +or O +no O +effect O +on O +pressor O +responses O +to O +the O +injection O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +, O +carotid O +artery O +occulusion O +and O +asphyxia O +with O +flurazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Subcutaneous O +administration O +of O +carteolol B-Chemical +and O +pindolol B-Chemical +caused O +a O +significant O +fall O +in O +mean O +blood O +pressure O +in O +both O +normotensive O +and O +spontaneously O +hypertensive O +rats O +, O +whereas O +propranolol B-Chemical +produced O +a O +rise O +in O +blood O +pressure O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +order O +to O +determine O +the O +beta O +- O +blocking O +action O +, O +changes O +in O +heart O +rate O +and O +blood O +pressure O +in O +response O +to O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +( O +3 O +microgram O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +Effects O +on O +diarrhea O +induced O +by O +castor O +oil O +and O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E I-Chemical +. O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +administration O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E1 I-Chemical +and O +the O +ED50 O +value O +for O +2 O +hr O +protection O +was O +0 O +. O +24 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +p O +. O +o O +. O + +aps B-category +in O +mice O +and O +this O +activity O +was O +9 O +. O +2 O +times O +more O +potent O +than O +that O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Mechanism O +of O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +toxicity O +in O +grouped O +mice O +and O +the O +effects O +of O +centrally O +acting O +drugs O +on O +its O +toxicity O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Almost O +all O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +dose O +- O +dependently O +antagonized O +the O +MA O +toxicity O +in O +grouped O +mice O +, O +in O +small O +doses O +. O + +aps B-category +Phentolamine B-Chemical +and O +propranolol B-Chemical +antagonized O +the O +MA O +toxicity O +at O +higher O +doses O +than O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +H44 O +/ O +68 O +( O +a O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +inhibitor O +) O +had O +a O +considerable O +effect O +in O +antagonizing O +the O +MA O +toxicity O +, O +but O +diethyldithiocarbamate O +, O +U O +- O +14 O +, O +624 O +and O +FLA O +63 O +( O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxylase I-Chemical +inhibitors O +) O +prevented O +the O +MA O +toxicity O +to O +a O +lesser O +extent O +than O +did O +H44 O +/ O +68 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +data O +show O +that O +the O +MA O +toxicity O +in O +grouped O +mice O +( O +the O +increase O +in O +mortality O +) O +was O +enhanced O +by O +the O +presence O +of O +other O +mice O +, O +and O +suggest O +that O +the O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +neurons O +play O +an O +important O +role O +in O +promoting O +the O +MA O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +found O +a O +hyperbolic O +curve O +in O +the O +Lineweaver O +- O +Burk O +plots O +of O +the O +drug O +- O +metabolizing O +activity O +and O +competitive O +inhibition O +of O +steroid B-Chemical +hormones O +to O +drugs O +, O +and O +suggested O +that O +several O +enzymes O +acting O +on O +different O +sites O +of O +various O +steroid B-Chemical +hormone O +molecules O +might O +metabolize O +drugs O +without O +having O +specificities O +for O +hydroxylation O +sites O +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +of O +cortisol B-Chemical +inhibited O +aniline O +hydroxylatin O +by O +liver O +microsomes O +from O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +mice O +more O +effectively O +at O +higher O +pH O +range O +and O +the O +pH O +curve O +was O +similar O +to O +that O +seen O +for O +normal O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activity O +of O +glutathione B-Chemical +reductase O +in O +A2 O +- O +cell O +and O +B O +- O +cell O +- O +rich O +pancreatic O +islets O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +studied O +human O +serum O +opsonins O +by O +using O +combinations O +of O +heat O +inactivation O +and O +chelation O +to O +inhibit O +complement O +, O +adsorption O +to O +remove O +antibody O +, O +and O +trypan B-Chemical +blue I-Chemical +to O +inactivate O +the O +C3 O +receptor O +of O +human O +polymorphonuclear O +leukocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +synthetic O +product O +was O +characterized O +by O +partition O +chromatography O +on O +agarose O +gel O +, O +thin O +- O +layer O +chromatography O +in O +two O +solvent O +systems O +, O +paper O +electrophoresis O +at O +two O +pH O +values O +, O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +, O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +analyses O +of O +acid O +and O +enzymic O +hydrolysates O +, O +and O +bioassay O +for O +lipolytic O +and O +melanotropic O +activities O +. O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +oxidation O +in O +the O +chick O +cornea O +: O +effect O +of O +diamide O +on O +the O +pentose O +shunt O +. O + +aps B-category +Shunt O +activity O +was O +measured O +by O +the O +ratio O +of O +radiolabeled O +carbon B-Chemical +1 O +( O +14C O +- O +1 O +) O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +to O +radiolabeled O +carbon B-Chemical +6 O +( O +14C O +- O +6 O +) O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +derived O +as O +expired O +14CO2 O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +NEM O +decreased O +both O +C O +- O +1 O +and O +C O +- O +6 O +oxidation O +, O +with O +C O +- O +6 O +preferentially O +affected O +. O + +aps B-category +Continued O +exposure O +lead B-Chemical +to O +hyperpnea O +accompanied O +by O +a O +fall O +in O +PaCO2 O +and O +a O +rise O +in O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +during O +respiratory O +alkalosis O +in O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +Motility O +of O +Bacillus O +subtilis O +was O +inhibited O +within O +a O +few O +minutes O +by O +a O +combination O +of O +valinomycin O +and O +a O +high O +concentration O +of O +potassium B-Chemical +ions O +in O +the O +medium O +at O +neutral O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +valinomycin O +concentration O +necessary O +for O +motility O +inhibition O +was O +determined O +at O +various O +concentrations O +of O +potassium B-Chemical +ions O +and O +various O +pH O +' O +s O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +230 O +mM O +potassium B-Chemical +ion O +, O +the O +motility O +inhibition O +by O +valinomycin O +was O +not O +detected O +at O +pH O +lower O +than O +6 O +. O +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +Involvement O +of O +the O +product O +of O +the O +glnF O +gene O +in O +the O +autogenous O +regulation O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +formation O +in O +Klebsiella O +aerogenes O +. O + +aps B-category +Mutants O +in O +this O +gene O +have O +in O +all O +media O +a O +level O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +( O +GS O +) O +corresponding O +to O +the O +level O +found O +in O +the O +wild O +- O +type O +strain O +grown O +in O +the O +medium O +producing O +the O +strongest O +repression O +of O +GS O +. O + +aps B-category +Glycerolipid O +biosynthesis O +in O +Saccharomyces O +cerevisiae O +: O +sn B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glycerol I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +and O +dihydroxyacetone O +phosphate B-Chemical +acyltransferase O +activities O +. O + +aps B-category +Its O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +is O +characteristically O +enriched O +in O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +content O +, O +differing O +from O +that O +of O +extra O +- O +cellular O +subtilisins O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +molecular O +forms O +of O +intracellular O +protease O +were O +found O +, O +two O +of O +them O +with O +NH2 O +- O +terminal O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +one O +minor O +form O +, O +three O +residues O +longer O +, O +with O +asparagine O +as O +NH2 O +terminus O +. O + +aps B-category +Glycyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +DL I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +norleucine I-Chemical +methyl O +ester O +( O +GN O +) O +, O +a O +diazoacetyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +DL I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +norleucine I-Chemical +methyl O +ester O +( O +DAN O +) O +analog O +, O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +cupric O +ions O +was O +found O +to O +partially O +quench O +the O +protein O +fluorescence O +of O +acid O +protease O +from O +Cladosporium O +sp O +. O + +aps B-category +ATP O +, O +ADP O +, O +sodium B-Chemical +imidodiphosphate O +( O +PNP O +) O +, O +p O +- O +chloromercuribenzoate O +, O +and O +Ca2 O ++ O +inhibited O +its O +enzymic O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +molecular O +weight O +was O +estimated O +to O +be O +67 O +, O +000 O +by O +gel O +filtration O +and O +the O +molecular O +size O +of O +the O +subunit O +was O +found O +to O +be O +35 O +, O +000 O +by O +gel O +electrophoresis O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +( O +SDS O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +of O +the O +protein O +was O +analyzed O +, O +and O +no O +cystein O +residue O +was O +found O +among O +more O +than O +210 O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +enzyme O +was O +able O +to O +lyse O +chloroform B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +killed I-Chemical +gram O +- O +negative O +and O +gram O +- O +positive O +bacteria O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +the O +unusual O +stability O +of O +the O +native O +inhibitor O +, O +the O +separated O +domains O +were O +less O +stable O +and O +could O +be O +inactivated O +with O +excess O +proteinases O +. O + +aps B-category +Guanylyl O +- O +( O +2 O +' O +- O +5 O +' O +) O +- B-Chemical +guanosine I-Chemical +binds O +to O +RNase O +T1 O +in O +1 O +: O +1 O +stoichiometry O +with O +a O +dissociation O +constant O +of O +0 O +. O +22 O +mM O +at O +pH O +5 O +. O +0 O +and O +25 O +degrees O +C O +. O +This O +nucleotide B-Chemical +, O +coupled O +to O +aminohexyl O +- O +Sepharose O +4B O +, O +is O +able O +to O +serve O +as O +an O +affinity O +adsorbent O +for O +guanyloribonuclease O +[ O +EC O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +4 O +. O +8 O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Induction O +of O +hepatic O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +mRNA O +by O +protein O +synthesis O +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +increase O +in O +total O +hepatic O +mRNA O +levels O +or O +tryptophan B-Chemical +oxygenase O +mRNA O +was O +found O +after O +treatment O +with O +these O +protein O +synthesis O +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +Magnesium B-Chemical +dependence O +of O +agonist O +binding O +to O +adenylate O +cyclase O +- O +coupled O +hormone O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Similar O +results O +were O +obtained O +by O +analytical O +dialysis O +using O +zinc B-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +modified I-Chemical +cellophane O +membranes O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +deduced O +that O +the O +pattern O +of O +proton O +movement O +in O +the O +photosynthetic O +lamellae O +of O +intact O +Plectonema O +spheroplasts O +corresponds O +to O +that O +of O +the O +cell O +- O +free O +membrane O +system O +, O +as O +both O +preparations O +show O +similar O +light O +dependent O +accumulation O +of O +fluorescent O +amine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +uptake O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +into O +BHK21 O +- O +C13 O +cells O +in O +culture O +has O +been O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +studies O +using O +other O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +or O +their O +analogues O +provided O +information O +about O +the O +specificity O +of O +this O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetic O +studies O +of O +the O +inhibition O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +uptake O +also O +indicated O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +second O +neutral O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +transport O +system O +capable O +of O +transporting O +this O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +at O +the O +dosages O +tested O +, O +0 O +. O +6 O +mg O +triazolam B-Chemical +had O +a O +significantly O +faster O +onset O +of O +activity O +than O +30 O +mg O +flurazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Drowsiness O +and O +grogginess O +were O +reported O +most O +frequently O +on O +both O +treatments O +, O +and O +the O +number O +of O +patients O +reporting O +drowsiness O +or O +grogginess O +was O +also O +significantly O +higher O +in O +the O +flurazepam B-Chemical +group O +. O + +aps B-category +Beta O +- O +adrenergic O +agonists O +, O +adenosine B-Chemical +and O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E1 I-Chemical +increased O +the O +level O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +( O +cAMP B-Chemical +) O +in O +glial O +cultures O +prepared O +from O +rat O +cerebral O +cortical O +tissue O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +stability O +of O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +in O +various O +types O +of O +vehicles O +, O +aqueous O +, O +water O +- O +washable O +( O +polyethylene B-Chemical +glycol I-Chemical +ointment O +base O +) O +, O +and O +oil O +in O +water O +or O +water O +in O +oil O +- O +type O +emulsified O +vehicles O +, O +and O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +other O +ingredients O +, O +iodochlorhydroxyquin O +, O +menthol O +, O +and O +phenol B-Chemical +, O +was O +studied O +under O +normal O +conditions O +( O +room O +temperature O +and O +weakly O +acidic O +pH O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +addition O +of O +alcohol B-Chemical +and O +glycerin B-Chemical +to O +water O +had O +a O +stabilizing O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +at O +higher O +temperatures O +confirmed O +that O +the O +decomposition O +in O +water O +and O +polyethylene B-Chemical +glycol I-Chemical +was O +pseudo O +- O +first O +order O +. O + +aps B-category +Demonstration O +of O +penicillamine B-Chemical +as O +a O +product O +in O +benzylpenicillenic O +acid O +degradation O +in O +neutral O +media O +using O +differential O +pulse O +polarography O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +this O +result O +was O +not O +previously O +reported O +, O +the O +effects O +of O +pH O +and O +buffer O +concentration O +on O +penicillamine B-Chemical +formation O +were O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Penicillamine B-Chemical +was O +not O +obtained O +from O +benzylpenicilloic O +acid O +, O +the O +reported O +degradation O +product O +of O +benzylpenicillenic O +acid O +at O +neutral O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +it O +is O +suggested O +that O +penicillamine B-Chemical +found O +in O +penicillin B-Chemical +G I-Chemical +solutions O +arises O +from O +benzylpenicillenic O +acid O +degradation O +which O +, O +in O +turn O +, O +is O +produced O +from O +penicillin B-Chemical +G I-Chemical +isomerization O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +ionization O +on O +absorption O +of O +cephalosporins B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Cephalexin O +, O +cephradine O +, O +and O +cephaloglycin O +have O +some O +oral O +activity O +, O +while O +3 O +- O +[ O +( O +acetyloxy O +) O +methyl O +] O +- O +8 O +- O +oxo O +- O +7 O +- O +[ O +[ O +( O +4 O +- O +oxo O +- O +1 O +( O +4H O +- O +pyridinyl O +) O +acetyl O +] O +- B-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +] O +- O +5 O +- O +thia O +- O +1 O +- O +azabicyclo O +[ O +4 O +. O +2 O +. O +0 O +] O +oct O +- O +2 O +- O +ene O +- O +2 O +- O +carboxylic O +acid O +( O +I O +) O +has O +insignificant O +oral O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +species O +profiles O +are O +compared O +with O +the O +pH O +- O +absorption O +rate O +profiles O +for O +cephalexin B-Chemical +, O +cephradine O +, O +and O +I O +, O +the O +results O +are O +consistent O +with O +a O +model O +in O +which O +the O +zwitterionic O +and O +/ O +or O +uncharged O +forms O +of O +the O +molecules O +are O +well O +absorbed O +, O +whereas O +the O +anions O +show O +little O +or O +no O +absorption O +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetics O +of O +digoxin B-Chemical +stability O +in O +aqueous O +solution O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +in O +vitro O +adsorption O +of O +the O +alkaloid O +emetine O +, O +a O +primary O +constituent O +of O +ipecac O +, O +on O +activated O +charcoal B-Chemical +was O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +addition O +of O +diazepam B-Chemical +as O +the O +internal O +standard O +, O +plasma O +is O +extracted O +at O +physiological O +pH O +into O +benzene B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +isoamyl I-Chemical +alcohol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +diazepam B-Chemical +and O +desmethyldiazepam O +are O +quantitatively O +extracted O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +vitro O +evaluation O +of O +three O +commercial O +sustained O +- O +release O +papaverine B-Chemical +hydrochloride O +products O +. O + +aps B-category +Release O +of O +papaverine B-Chemical +hydrochloride O +from O +the O +commercial O +preparations O +was O +affected O +significantly O +by O +the O +pH O +of O +the O +dissolution O +media O +but O +not O +by O +the O +agitation O +intensity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +synthesis O +, O +hydrolysis O +rate O +, O +and O +bioavailability O +of O +1 O +- O +( O +p O +- O +acetaminophenoxy O +) O +- O +1 O +- O +ethoxyethane O +, O +an O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +prodrug O +, O +are O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +in O +an O +acidic O +environment O +, O +the O +compound O +cleaves O +rapidly O +, O +generating O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Hydrolysis O +kinetics O +of O +the O +monophosphate O +ester O +triclofos O +sodium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reaction O +showed O +a O +modest O +positive O +kinetic O +salt B-Chemical +effect O +at O +pH O +3 O +. O +50 O +and O +a O +modest O +negative O +effect O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +80 O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +method O +to O +determine O +the O +serum O +concentration O +of O +the O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +receptor O +blocking O +agent O +, O +nadolol B-Chemical +, O +by O +GLC O +- O +- O +selected O +ion O +monitoring O +mass O +spectrometry O +of O +the O +tri O +( O +trimethysilyl O +) O +ether B-Chemical +derivative O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ions O +at O +m O +/ O +e O +86 O +and O +100 O +were O +monitored O +to O +establish O +the O +relative O +concentration O +ratio O +of O +nadolol B-Chemical +and O +the O +internal O +reference O +N O +- O +methylnadolol O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +equilibrium O +constants O +of O +five O +commercial O +cephalosporins B-Chemical +were O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +method O +is O +proposed O +for O +the O +simultaneous O +determination O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +and O +tryptophan B-Chemical +in O +solutions O +by O +differential O +spectrophotometry O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +dl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propranolol I-Chemical +on O +atrial O +and O +ventricular O +rates O +in O +unanesthetized O +atrioventricular O +blocked O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +Circular O +muscle O +of O +the O +rat O +external O +jugular O +vein O +contracted O +to O +serotonin B-Chemical +, O +angiotensin B-Chemical +and O +potassium B-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +but O +not O +to O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +, O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +, O +histamine B-Chemical +or O +carbamylcholine O +. O + +aps B-category +Norepinephrine B-Chemical +, O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +and O +histamine B-Chemical +produced O +a O +concentration O +- O +dependent O +sustained O +relaxation O +of O +serotonin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +contractions O +in O +the O +rat O +jugular O +vein O +, O +as O +did O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +, O +nitroglycerin B-Chemical +and O +papaverine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +alpha O +adrenergic O +receptor O +blockade O +with O +phentolamine B-Chemical +or O +prazosin B-Chemical +resulted O +in O +greater O +relaxation O +to O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +whereas O +cocaine B-Chemical +did O +not O +enhance O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +vasodilation O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Dynamic O +ECG O +studies O +on O +possible O +cardiac O +modifications O +during O +the O +course O +of O +barium B-Chemical +enemas O +. O + +aps B-category +Organomercurials O +form O +stable O +stoichiometric O +complexes O +with O +thiolated O +nucleosides B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Chemical O +modification O +of O +cells O +with O +penetrating O +and O +nonpenetrating O +organomercurials O +lead B-Chemical +to O +stimulation O +of O +nucleoside B-Chemical +uptake O +and O +to O +an O +increase O +in O +its O +susceptibility O +to O +inhibition O +by O +S O +- O +- O +Hg O +- O +- O +R O +complexes O +or O +S O +- O +aklylated O +derivatives O +of O +mercaptopurine O +ribosides O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +distinct O +classes O +of O +sites O +were O +implied O +: O +( O +i O +) O +a O +substrate O +binding O +site O +susceptible O +directly O +to O +competitive O +inhibition O +by O +organomercurial O +- O +mercaptonucleoside O +complexes O +, O +( O +ii O +) O +an O +additional O +site O +susceptible O +either O +to O +S O +- O +arylalkylated O +or O +S O +- O +mercuriated O +derivatives O +of O +6 O +- O +mercaptopurine O +ribosides O +, O +( O +iii O +) O +SH O +- O +containing O +modifier O +sites O +which O +stimulate O +uridine B-Chemical +uptake O +upon O +binding O +of O +organomercurials O +, O +and O +( O +iv O +) O +SH O +- O +containing O +modifier O +sites O +which O +inhibit O +the O +function O +upon O +binding O +of O +organomercurials O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +hypertonic O +sucrose B-Chemical +, O +on O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +hemolysis O +increased O +progressively O +with O +increasing O +pH O +between O +6 O +and O +9 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +canine O +experiments O +with O +coronary O +catheterization O +and O +perfusion O +, O +catheterization O +of O +the O +heart O +cavities O +and O +great O +vessles O +, O +and O +with O +thermodilution O +it O +was O +demonstrated O +that O +the O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +blocker O +Phentolamine B-Chemical +causes O +a O +regular O +flow O +resistance O +in O +the O +coronary O +vessels O +. O + +aps B-category +Phentolamine B-Chemical +inhibited O +the O +pressor O +reactions O +of O +the O +coronaries O +to O +mesatone O +, O +adrenalin O +, O +noradrenalin O +, O +and O +limited O +the O +manifestations O +of O +the O +pressor O +effects O +in O +the O +coronary O +vessels O +during O +systemic O +sinocarotid O +reflexes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hyalurnic I-Chemical +acid O +complex O +is O +also O +destroyed O +by O +ascorbate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +paper O +presents O +experimental O +data O +indicating O +maximum O +permissible O +concentrations O +of O +acetone O +and O +acetaldehyde B-Chemical +in O +reclaimed O +potable O +water O +used O +for O +different O +periods O +of O +time O +- O +- O +up O +to O +1 O +, O +3 O +or O +12 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +recommended O +levels O +for O +reclaimed O +water O +used O +for O +1 O +- O +- O +3 O +months O +are O +39 O +. O +6 O +mg O +/ O +l O +and O +0 O +. O +2 O +mg O +/ O +l O +for O +acetone O +and O +acetaldehyde B-Chemical +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Benzodiazepine O +binding O +in O +human O +brain O +: O +characterization O +using O +[ O +3H O +] O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Biochemical O +identification O +of O +the O +site O +of O +action O +of O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +in O +human O +brain O +by O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +diazepam I-Chemical +binding O +. O + +aps B-category +Regulation O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +from O +human O +pheochromocytoma O +, O +bovine O +adrenal O +and O +rat O +striatum O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +O O +- O +demethylases O +from O +higher O +fungi O +require O +NADH O +and O +oxygen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +growth O +temperature O +, O +aeration O +and O +presence O +of O +certain O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +D O +- O +mannose O +, O +in O +the O +culture O +medium O +had O +some O +effect O +on O +the O +agglutination O +in O +tensity O +; O +pH O +6 O +- O +8 O +was O +optimal O +for O +it O +and O +only O +at O +pH O +3 O +. O +0 O +- O +3 O +. O +2 O +no O +agglutination O +was O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +Apart O +from O +the O +qualitative O +diagnosis O +( O +drug O +containing O +bromide B-Chemical +) O +the O +radiological O +proof O +of O +shadow O +- O +giving O +substances O +also O +permits O +a O +quantitative O +clinical O +assessment O +and O +has O +prognostical O +as O +well O +as O +therapeutical O +consequences O +. O + +aps B-category +Release O +of O +[ O +14C O +] O +tyrosine B-Chemical +from O +tubulinyl O +- O +[ O +14C O +] O +tyrosine B-Chemical +by O +brain O +extract O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +carboxypeptidase O +previously O +described O +that O +releases O +tyrosine B-Chemical +from O +tubulinyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +was O +obtained O +from O +rat O +brain O +preparation O +free O +of O +tubulin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +ligase O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +preparation O +containing O +tubulin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +ligase O +free O +of O +carboxypeptidase O +was O +also O +obtained O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +structure O +of O +the O +flavoenzyme O +glutathione B-Chemical +reductase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +polypeptide O +chain O +has O +been O +traced O +, O +and O +the O +binding O +positions O +of O +FAD O +, O +NADP O +and O +glutathione B-Chemical +have O +been O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +I O +. O +Catecholamine B-Chemical +turnover O +changes O +in O +relation O +to O +the O +critical O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +suggestion O +is O +put O +forward O +that O +the O +early O +embryos O +possess O +an O +intracellular O +mechanism O +participating O +in O +the O +interaction O +between O +the O +cells O +and O +operating O +via O +endogenous O +monoamines B-Chemical +, O +primarily O +serotonin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +cortisole O +injections O +and O +stress O +( O +" O +handling O +" O +) O +in O +the O +early O +ontogenesis O +( O +during O +the O +first O +9 O +or O +16 O +days O +of O +life O +) O +on O +the O +process O +of O +thyrosine O +aminotransferase O +induction O +by O +cortisol B-Chemical +in O +the O +adult O +rats O +has O +been O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +obtained O +suggest O +that O +the O +sensitive O +period O +of O +postnatal O +ontogenesis O +when O +cortisol B-Chemical +or O +" O +handling O +" O +exert O +such O +a O +stable O +effect O +is O +limited O +by O +the O +3rd O +and O +9th O +days O +after O +birth O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ciliostatic O +action O +of O +the O +factor O +can O +be O +reversed O +by O +heparin B-Chemical +under O +certain O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +child O +with O +hypophosphatemic O +vitamin B-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +rickets O +was O +treated O +for O +three O +years O +with O +the O +conventional O +vitamin B-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +inorganic I-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +supplementation O +followed O +by O +a O +new O +therapeutic O +regimen O +consisting O +of O +1 O +, O +25 O +dihydroxyvitamin O +D3 O +( O +1 O +, O +25 O +( O +OH O +) O +2D3 O +) O +and O +half O +of O +the O +previous O +phosphate B-Chemical +supplementation O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +the O +lowering O +of O +the O +urinary O +pH O +with O +ascorbic O +acid O +supplementation O +seems O +to O +be O +associated O +with O +improvement O +in O +the O +renal O +tubular O +reabsorption O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +but O +its O +distinct O +effect O +, O +separate O +from O +the O +rest O +of O +the O +treatment O +modalities O +, O +was O +not O +tested O +in O +this O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +cases O +of O +subclavian O +involvement O +are O +used O +to O +contrast B-Chemical +them O +from O +a O +histopathological O +standpoint O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mutation O +results O +in O +decreased O +ribosomal O +in O +vitro O +activities O +at O +22 O +degrees O +C O +including O +lowered O +polyphenylalanine O +synthesis O +, O +drastic O +altered O +initiation O +step O +and O +the O +loss O +of O +erythromycin B-Chemical +binding O +to O +the O +ribosomes O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +- O +dimensional O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +was O +used O +to O +separate O +the O +5 O +' O +- O +[ O +32P O +] O +labeled O +fragments O +present O +in O +partial O +alkali B-Chemical +digests O +of O +a O +5 O +' O +- O +[ O +32P O +] O +labeled O +mRNA O +. O + +aps B-category +Examination O +of O +the O +CD O +spectra O +along O +the O +alkaline O +titrations O +indicated O +the O +presence O +of O +another O +hydrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bonded I-Chemical +complex O +of O +higher O +G O +content O +. O + +aps B-category +New O +observations O +concerning O +the O +chloroacetaldehyde B-Chemical +reaction O +with O +some O +tRNA O +constituents O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +- O +CH2CH O +/ O +OH O +/ O +- O +bridge O +between O +the O +exo O +and O +endo O +nitrogen B-Chemical +atoms O +of O +the O +parent O +base O +was O +found O +in O +these O +compounds O +by O +means O +of O +PMR O +spectroscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +PH O +range O +of O +4 O +. O +5 O +- O +- O +5 O +. O +0 O +was O +found O +to O +be O +optimum O +for O +both O +adenosine B-Chemical +and O +cytidine O +reactions O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +previous O +publication1 O +we O +reported O +that O +the O +tyrosine B-Chemical +selective O +reagent O +, O +tetraitromethane O +, O +causes O +complete O +inactivation O +of O +E O +. O +coli O +30S O +ribosomes O +for O +poly O +U O +directed O +non O +- O +enzymatic O +phe O +- O +tRNA O +binding O +. O + +aps B-category +Aluminium O +phosphate B-Chemical +was O +precipitated O +from O +AlCl3 O +- O +H3PO4 O +and O +NaOH B-Chemical +, O +NH3H2O O +and O +NaHCO3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Na2CO3 I-Chemical +mixture O +up O +to O +different O +pH O +values O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +both O +histamine B-Chemical +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +in O +the O +mouse O +pinna O +were O +not O +affected O +by O +RU O +31156 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +adsorption O +rate O +declined O +in O +saline O +magnesium B-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +solution O +compared O +to O +that O +in O +algal O +growth O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Synthesis O +and O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blocking O +activity O +of O +1 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( O +1 O +, O +3 O +- O +dioxalan O +- O +2 O +- O +ylphenyloxy O +) O +propan O +- O +2 O +- O +ols O +and O +1 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( O +183 O +- O +dioxan O +- O +2 O +- O +ylphenyloxy O +) O +- O +propan O +- O +2 O +- O +ols O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. 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O + +aps B-category +methanesulphonyl O +- O +CoA O +, O +serve O +as O +activators O +of O +the O +thermophilic O +Bacillus O +and O +Saccharomyces O +cerevisiae O +pyruvate B-Chemical +carboxylases O +, O +but O +as O +inhibitors O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +carboxylases O +obtained O +from O +chicken O +and O +rat O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +l B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Glutamate I-Chemical +was O +ineffective O +in O +both O +cases O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +labelled O +asparagine O +derivative O +is O +converted O +into O +[ O +14C O +] O +- B-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +by O +cell O +- O +free O +extracts O +, O +and O +this O +reaction O +, O +which O +has O +an O +optimum O +pH O +of O +8 O +. O +8 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +2 O +, O +is O +neither O +inhibited O +by O +unlabelled O +asparagine O +nor O +enhanced O +by O +unlabelled O +2 O +- O +oxoglutarate O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Direct O +measurements O +of O +transmembrane O +pH O +and O +potential O +gradients O +generated O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +MgATP O +shows O +that O +these O +are O +rapidly O +established O +in O +sucrose B-Chemical +media O +, O +and O +are O +rather O +little O +affected O +by O +the O +presence O +of O +salts O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +uptake O +, O +like O +that O +driven O +by O +MgATP O +, O +is O +reserpine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +and O +uncoupler O +- O +sensitive O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +line O +with O +this O +, O +it O +is O +shown O +that O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +decreases O +the O +pH O +gradient O +generated O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +MgATP O +, O +an O +effect O +that O +is O +inhibited O +by O +reserpine B-Chemical +; O +nigericin O +, O +which O +discharges O +the O +pH O +gradient O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +K O ++ O +, O +inhibits O +uptake O +. O + +aps B-category +Contribution O +of O +cytochromes O +and O +proteins O +to O +the O +effect O +of O +ascorbic O +acid O +on O +artificial O +and O +microsomal O +hydroxylation O +systems O +containing O +oxygen B-Chemical +and O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Proteins O +inhibited O +aromatic O +hydroxylation O +of O +p O +- O +nitrophenol O +or O +oxidative O +demethylation O +of O +ethylmorphine O +in O +ascorbic O +acid O +- O +containing O +systems O +incubated O +under O +O2 O +, O +but O +strongly O +activated O +the O +systems O +containing O +H2O2 B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Cytochrome O +iron B-Chemical +participated O +probably O +in O +the O +activation O +of O +O2 O +, O +whereas O +cytochrome O +protein O +participated O +in O +a O +free O +radical O +activation O +of O +H2O2 B-Chemical +( O +or O +of O +O2 O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +testosteroni O +is O +strongly O +inhibited O +by O +NaBH4 O +, O +no O +evidence O +could O +be O +obtained O +for O +the O +presence O +of O +covalently O +bound O +2 O +- O +oxobutyrate O +as O +a O +prosthetic O +group O +; O +this O +is O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +with O +findings O +elsewhere O +for O +urocanase O +from O +Pseudomonas O +putida O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +view O +that O +this O +is O +a O +result O +of O +modification O +of O +a O +protein O +thiol B-Chemical +group O +is O +re O +- O +examined O +in O +the O +light O +of O +the O +following O +new O +observations O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +iii O +) O +In O +Tris O +/ O +acetate O +buffer O +, O +pH7 O +. O +5 O +, O +3 O +. O +5mol O +of O +phenylmercuric O +acetate O +/ O +mol O +of O +enzyme O +subunit O +was O +required O +for O +complete O +de O +- O +greening O +, O +compared O +with O +only O +2 O +. O +5mol O +/ O +mol O +in O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +, O +pH7 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Following O +treatment O +with O +the O +antimitotic O +agent O +cytosine B-Chemical +arabinoside I-Chemical +, O +co O +- O +cultures O +of O +hybrid O +cells O +and O +mouse O +myotubes O +exhibited O +plentiful O +synaptic O +connections O +only O +if O +maintained O +in O +medium O +containing O +1 O +mM O +dibutyryl O +cAMP B-Chemical +( O +dBcAMP O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +thermodynamic O +analysis O +of O +the O +amorphous O +to O +crystalline O +calcium B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +transformation O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +nearly O +constant O +ion O +product O +, O +over O +a O +wide O +variety O +of O +conditions O +, O +was O +obtained O +for O +a O +tricalcium O +phosphate B-Chemical +( O +TCP O +) O +- O +like O +phase O +suggesting O +that O +the O +molecular O +unit O +which O +governs O +the O +solubility O +of O +ACP O +may O +be O +similar O +in O +composition O +to O +TCP O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Optimal O +growth O +was O +observed O +in O +media O +that O +contained O +0 O +. O +25 O +- O +0 O +. O +35 O +M O +sucrose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +One O +hour O +after O +carotid O +occlusion O +in O +hypertensive O +rats O +, O +supratentorial O +lactate B-Chemical +increased O +to O +383 O +% O +and O +lactate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +pyruvate I-Chemical +ratio O +to O +280 O +% O +of O +the O +controls O +, O +while O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphate I-Chemical +( O +ATP O +) O +decreased O +to O +69 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +of O +arterial O +hypertension O +with O +tienilic O +acid O +, O +a O +new O +diuretic B-Chemical +with O +uricosuric O +properties O +. 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O + +aps B-category +An O +improved O +synthesis O +of O +the O +8 O +- O +( O +6 O +- O +aminohexyl O +) O +amino B-Chemical +derivative O +of O +NADP O ++ O +is O +described O +for O +use O +in O +affinity O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +similar O +finding O +is O +reported O +for O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +in O +crude O +extracts O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +. O + +aps B-category +Selective O +alkylation O +of O +cysteine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +89 I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +non O +- O +alkylating O +analogues O +diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical +and O +estradiol B-Chemical +protected O +the O +enzyme O +towards O +alkylation O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +two O +results O +suggest O +that O +alkylation O +occurred O +at O +the O +estrogen B-Chemical +binding O +site O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Study O +findings O +show O +that O +abortion O +cannulae O +can O +be O +cold O +sterilized O +by O +soaking O +them O +for O +a O +minimum O +of O +10 O +minutes O +in O +a O +solution O +of O +Cidex O +or O +95 O +% O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +proton O +- O +consuming O +site O +of O +the O +respiratory O +nitrate B-Chemical +reductase O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +is O +on O +the O +cytoplasmic O +aspect O +of O +the O +cytoplasmic O +membrane O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +the O +preliminary O +successful O +use O +of O +injectable O +lorazepam B-Chemical +in O +calming O +20 O +patients O +who O +presented O +with O +acute O +anxiety O +crises O +, O +a O +formal O +study O +of O +115 O +other O +such O +patients O +was O +carried O +out O +. 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O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +relatively O +modest O +quanttities O +of O +alcohol B-Chemical +induce O +gastro O +- O +oesophageal O +reflux O +in O +healthy O +people O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +necessary O +, O +hypnotics O +, O +ataractics O +and O +antidepressant B-Chemical +drugs O +should O +be O +applied O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +stress O +or O +glucose B-Chemical +feeding O +on O +hepatic O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +activity O +and O +liver O +and O +plasma O +tyrosine B-Chemical +level O +of O +intact O +and O +adrenalectomized O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +in O +bilaterally O +adrenalectomized O +rats O +both O +hepatic O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +and O +plasma O +tyrosine B-Chemical +remain O +unchanged O +after O +injury O +and O +the O +liver O +tyrosine B-Chemical +level O +increase O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +regulatory O +role O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +in O +establishing O +the O +level O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +in O +plasma O +is O +suggested O +. O + +aps B-category +Purification O +and O +characterization O +of O +aromatic B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glyoxylate I-Chemical +aminotransferase O +from O +monkey O +and O +rat O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +two O +enzyme O +preparations O +showed O +physical O +and O +enzymic O +properties O +different O +from O +a O +kynurenine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +previously O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +glyoxylate O +, O +amino B-Chemical +donors O +were O +effective O +in O +the O +following O +order O +of O +activity O +; O +phenylalanine O +greater O +than O +histidine O +greater O +than O +tyrosine B-Chemical +greater O +than O +tryptophan B-Chemical +greater O +than O +5 O +- O +hydroxytrypotphan O +greater O +than O +kynurenine B-Chemical +for O +the O +rat O +enzyme O +, O +and O +phenylalanine O +greater O +than O +kynurenine B-Chemical +greater O +than O +histidine O +greater O +than O +tryptophan B-Chemical +greater O +than O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +for O +the O +monkey O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Preliminary O +results O +indicate O +an O +involvement O +of O +lysosomes O +in O +steroid B-Chemical +metabolism O +rather O +than O +in O +steroid B-Chemical +and O +receptor O +translocation O +into O +the O +nucleus O +. O + +aps B-category +Trimepranol O +( O +TMP O +) O +is O +a O +new O +propranolol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +like I-Chemical +, O +non O +- O +selective O +beta O +- O +adrenoreceptor O +blocking O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +average O +reduction O +in O +concentration O +of O +the O +ultrafiltrate O +was O +12 O +. O +7 O +per O +cent O +for O +oxalate O +, O +11 O +. O +9 O +per O +cent O +for O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +9 O +. O +4 O +percent O +for O +calcium B-Chemical +, O +7 O +. O +6 O +per O +cent O +for O +magnesium B-Chemical +, O +and O +6 O +. O +9 O +per O +cent O +for O +sodium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +better O +control O +of O +the O +pH O +of O +the O +reaction O +, O +and O +changes O +in O +the O +concentration O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +and O +of O +cobalt B-Chemical +, O +have O +resulted O +in O +a O +quantitatively O +reproducible O +reaction O +in O +the O +parietal O +cells O +of O +guinea O +- O +pig O +fundus O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +cats O +anesthetized O +with O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +chloralose I-Chemical +, O +the O +activities O +of O +aortic O +and O +carotid O +chemoreceptor O +nerves O +were O +measured O +during O +a O +control O +period O +and O +during O +anemia O +where O +the O +hematocrit O +was O +lowered O +in O +steps O +by O +dextran B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +for I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +blood I-Chemical +exchange O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +biologically O +active O +borate O +derivative O +of O +amphotericin B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +soluble O +in O +saline O +solution O +. O + +aps B-category +Atomic O +absorption O +spectroscopic O +determination O +of O +lead B-Chemical +extracted O +from O +acid O +- O +solubilized O +tissues O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +neutralization O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +hydroxide O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +bicarbonate I-Chemical +, O +the O +lead B-Chemical +is O +extracted O +into O +methyl O +isobutyl O +ketone B-Chemical +as O +the O +pyrrolidine B-Chemical +dithiocarbamate I-Chemical +complex O +and O +analyzed O +by O +flame O +atomic O +absorption O +spectrophotometry O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +basis O +of O +pH O +- O +induced O +spectral O +changes O +for O +acetazolamide B-Chemical +, O +hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical +, O +and O +furosemide B-Chemical +, O +3 O +different O +spectrophotometric O +methods O +are O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +were O +competitively O +inhibited O +by O +phosphate B-Chemical +or O +arsenate O +and O +were O +activated O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +Ca2 O ++ O +but O +not O +by O +Zn2 O ++ O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +oxygen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +limited I-Chemical +growth O +, O +the O +molar O +growth O +yield O +referred O +to O +respiration O +, O +and O +corrected O +for O +maintenance O +respiration O +[ O +Yo O +( O +max O +) O +] O +, O +was O +12 O +. O +6 O +g O +( O +dry O +weight O +) O +per O +g O +- O +atom O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +, O +not O +significantly O +different O +from O +the O +succinate O +- O +limited O +value O +of O +12 O +. O +0 O +g O +( O +dry O +weight O +) O +per O +g O +- O +atom O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +thioredoxin O +is O +indispensable O +for O +the O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +phosphosulfate O +( O +PAPS O +) O +sulfotransferase O +reaction O +under O +the O +usual O +conditions O +of O +assay O +in O +extracts O +of O +wild O +- O +type O +cells O +, O +the O +mutant O +grew O +as O +well O +as O +the O +wild O +type O +on O +sulfate O +, O +indicating O +that O +sulfate O +reduction O +is O +not O +rate O +limiting O +for O +growth O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +the O +cofactor O +found O +in O +mutant O +B O +tsnC O +* O +7004 O +is O +probably O +a O +mutated O +thioredoxin O +with O +an O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +substitution O +that O +alters O +the O +isoelectric O +point O +and O +the O +reactivity O +with O +thioredoxin O +reductase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +specific O +activities O +for O +both O +were O +reduced O +by O +about O +50 O +% O +when O +glucose B-Chemical +was O +added O +to O +the O +growth O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +Purification O +and O +characterization O +of O +a O +secondary O +alcohol B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +from O +a O +pseudomonad O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +had O +a O +broad O +substrate O +specificity O +, O +catalyzing O +the O +dehydrogenation O +of O +a O +number O +of O +18 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carbon I-Chemical +hydroxy O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Urea O +treatment O +of O +a O +temperate O +bacteriophage O +from O +a O +type O +49 O +strain O +of O +group O +A O +streptococcus O +( O +Streptococcus O +pyogenes O +) O +followed O +by O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +fractionation O +, O +ion O +exchange O +, O +and O +affinity O +chromatography O +of O +solubilized O +proteins O +provided O +for O +the O +recovery O +( O +12 O +% O +) O +and O +purification O +( O +44 O +- O +fold O +) O +of O +the O +phage O +- O +associated O +hyaluronidase O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +the O +cations O +tested O +, O +calcium B-Chemical +and O +magnesium B-Chemical +were O +the O +only O +effectors O +of O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Analysis O +of O +the O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +revealed O +a O +predominance O +of O +acidic O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +and O +a O +relatively O +high O +content O +of O +cysteine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +required O +Mg2 O ++ O +and O +was O +inhibited O +by O +ethylenediaminetetraacetic O +acid O +and O +fluoride B-Chemical +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +Desensitization O +was O +maximal O +by O +5 O +h O +, O +resulting O +in O +a O +69 O +% O +reduction O +in O +[ O +3H O +] O +HBI O +binding O +and O +a O +67 O +% O +reduction O +in O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stimulated I-Chemical +adenylate O +cyclase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Citrate B-Chemical +, O +an O +allosteric O +activator O +of O +the O +carboxylase O +, O +induces O +polymerization O +of O +the O +protomeric O +avidin O +- O +sensitive O +form O +giving O +rise O +to O +the O +avidin O +- O +insensitive O +polymeric O +filamentous O +form O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +indicate O +that O +carboxylase O +filaments O +exist O +in O +the O +intact O +chick O +liver O +cell O +when O +the O +cytoplasmic O +citrate B-Chemical +level O +is O +high O +and O +undergo O +depolymerization O +when O +citrate B-Chemical +levels O +fall O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxygen O +equilibria O +of O +the O +isolated O +hemoglobin O +components O +( O +Hb O +I O +, O +Hb O +II O +, O +Hb O +III O +, O +and O +Hb O +IV O +) O +show O +only O +minor O +differences O +in O +the O +magnitude O +of O +the O +Bohr O +effect O +and O +in O +the O +effect O +of O +ATP O +on O +the O +binding O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hydrogen B-Chemical +exchange O +kinetics O +of O +human O +oxy O +- O +, O +deoxy O +- O +, O +and O +cyanomethemoglobin O +have O +been O +measured O +as O +a O +function O +of O +pH O +by O +the O +tritium O +tracer O +method O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +methylated O +peptides O +were O +resolved O +using O +gel O +electrophoresis O +under O +acidic O +conditions O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +N O +- O +cetylpyridinium O +chloride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Proton O +- O +coupled O +sodium B-Chemical +uptake O +by O +membrane O +vesicles O +from O +Azotobacter O +vinelandii O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +number O +of O +receptors O +was O +reduced O +in O +membranes O +from O +fibroblasts O +that O +were O +grown O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +25 O +- O +hydroxycholesterol O +plus O +cholesterol B-Chemical +and O +in O +fibroblast O +membranes O +from O +a O +subject O +with O +homozygous O +familial O +hypercholesterolemia O +, O +two O +situations O +in O +which O +the O +number O +of O +LDL O +receptors O +in O +intact O +fibroblasts O +is O +known O +to O +be O +reduced O +. O + +aps B-category +Isolation O +and O +characterization O +of O +ornithine B-Chemical +transcarbamylase O +from O +normal O +human O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +, O +purified O +580 O +- O +fold O +in O +this O +way O +, O +is O +homogeneous O +as O +judged O +by O +native O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +- O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +focuses O +at O +pH O +6 O +. O +8 O +as O +a O +single O +band O +on O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +, O +has O +a O +COOH O +- O +terminal O +phenylalanine O +, O +an O +NH2 O +- O +terminal O +glycine B-Chemical +, O +an O +apparent O +Km O +for O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ornithine I-Chemical +of O +0 O +. O +4 O +mM O +and O +for O +carbamyl O +phosphate B-Chemical +of O +0 O +. O +16 O +mM O +, O +and O +a O +pH O +optimum O +of O +7 O +. O +7 O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +hepatic O +levels O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +messenger O +RNA O +during O +induction O +by O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +level O +of O +functional O +message O +present O +in O +rat O +liver O +increases O +during O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +induction O +, O +and O +this O +increase O +is O +directly O +proportional O +to O +the O +increased O +rate O +of O +synthesis O +of O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Enzymatic O +measurement O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +galactose B-Chemical +content O +pneumococcal O +capsular O +polysaccharides O +. 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O +0 O +and O +the O +ionophore O +X537A O +is O +added O +; O +in O +this O +case O +, O +only O +a O +partial O +polymerization O +of O +the O +actin O +occurs O +and O +the O +acrosomal O +vacuole O +does O +not O +fuse O +with O +the O +cell O +surface O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +is O +used O +here O +as O +an O +indicator O +to O +investigate O +the O +effect O +of O +externally O +added O +cAMP B-Chemical +pulses O +on O +the O +oscillations O +. O + +aps B-category +Fractionation O +of O +membrane O +proteins O +by O +hydrophobic O +interaction O +chromatography O +and O +by O +chromatography O +on O +agarose O +equilibrated O +with O +a O +water B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alcohol I-Chemical +mixture O +of O +low O +or O +high O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Controlled O +pore O +glass O +( O +CPG O +) O +adsorbs O +hepatitis B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +surface I-Chemical +antigen I-Chemical +( O +HBsAg B-Chemical +) O +from O +whole O +plasma O +with O +a O +high O +degree O +of O +specificity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +adsorbed O +HBsAg B-Chemical +is O +qualitatively O +and O +quantitatively O +similar O +to O +the O +soluble O +material O +in O +its O +ability O +to O +bind O +antibodies O +to O +HBsAg B-Chemical +( O +anti O +- O +HBs O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Bound O +antibody O +can O +be O +eluted O +in O +77 O +% O +yield O +by O +acid O +or O +by O +chaotropic O +ions O +and O +the O +CPG B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HBsAg I-Chemical +complex O +can O +be O +reused O +in O +further O +adsorption O +- O +elution O +cycles O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +preparation O +of O +monospecific O +subtyping O +reagents O +for O +HBsAg B-Chemical +and O +of O +immunochemically O +purified O +anti O +- O +HBs O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +Collecting O +duct O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +secretion O +in O +the O +rabbit O +: O +role O +of O +potassium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rabbit O +was O +chosen O +as O +the O +experimental O +model O +because O +it O +produces O +acid O +urine O +containing O +little O +ammonium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +these O +studies O +, O +the O +urine O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +and O +buffer O +concentration O +were O +comparable O +to O +those O +observed O +in O +dog O +, O +rat O +, O +and O +man O +in O +which O +a O +high O +U O +- O +B O +PCO2 O +gradient O +was O +achieved O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +potassium B-Chemical +deficiency O +has O +been O +implicated O +in O +impaired O +urine O +acidification O +, O +potassium B-Chemical +was O +administered O +, O +and O +it O +resulted O +in O +an O +increase O +in O +collecting O +duct O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +secretion O +as O +evidenced O +by O +a O +further O +fall O +in O +minimum O +urine O +pH O +during O +acidemia O +and O +a O +prompt O +rise O +in O +the O +U O +- O +B O +PCO2 O +during O +alkali B-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +Potassium B-Chemical +administration O +increased O +the O +rate O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +secretion O +in O +a O +segment O +of O +the O +collecting O +duct O +in O +which O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +secretion O +is O +reflected O +by O +an O +increase O +U O +- O +B O +PCO2 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +inhibited O +by O +fluoride B-Chemical +, O +but O +insensitive O +to O +eserine B-Chemical +or O +p O +- O +chloromercuriphenylsulfonate O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +simple O +radioimmunoassay O +( O +RIA O +) O +for O +plasma O +cortisol B-Chemical +is O +described O +which O +combines O +the O +advantages O +of O +( O +i O +) O +direct O +analysis O +of O +untreated O +plasma O +samples O +, O +( O +ii O +) O +use O +of O +solid O +- O +coupled O +anti B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cortisol I-Chemical +antibodies O +and O +( O +iii O +) O +use O +of O +a O +gamma O +- O +labelled O +radioligand O +. O + +aps B-category +RIA O +results O +on O +samples O +collected O +under O +basal O +conditions O +were O +on O +average O +40 O +nmol O +/ O +l O +lower O +than O +fluorimetric O +results O +, O +while O +in O +insulin O +hypoglycaemia O +and O +synacthen O +( O +ACTH B-Chemical +) O +stimulation O +tests O +, O +this O +difference O +increased O +to O +over O +100 O +nmol O +/ O +l O +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +was O +also O +determined O +by O +an O +automated O +column O +chromatographic O +technique O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +supernatant O +diluted O +by O +perchloric O +acid O +, O +ultrafiltrates O +gave O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +data O +equivalent O +to O +those O +by O +column O +chromatography O +, O +since O +conditions O +of O +reaction O +time O +and O +pH O +value O +could O +be O +kept O +identical O +for O +blank O +, O +standard O +and O +ultrafiltrate O +solutions O +. O + +aps B-category +Therapeutic O +concentrations O +of O +acetylsalicylic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +ASA O +) O +have O +strikingly O +inhibited O +in O +vitro O +and O +in O +vivo O +mitogen O +- O +and O +antigen O +- O +induced O +blastogenesis O +by O +human O +lymphocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +or O +intraventricular O +phentolamine B-Chemical +( O +200 O +microgram O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Diazepam B-Chemical +( O +8 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +quickly O +and O +effectively O +reduced O +the O +incidence O +of O +withdrawal O +symptoms O +in O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +dependent O +C57BL O +/ O +6J O +male O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Chlorpromazine O +and O +haloperidol B-Chemical +were O +approximately O +equally O +potent O +in O +their O +effects O +; O +this O +would O +suggest O +that O +their O +antidopaminergic O +effects O +were O +not O +the O +primary O +mechanism O +of O +action O +for O +the O +increased O +incidence O +of O +withdrawal O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +Distribution O +of O +troponin O +C O +and O +protein O +activator O +of O +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +cyclic I-Chemical +nucleotide I-Chemical +phosphodiesterase O +in O +vertebrate O +tissues O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +ketamine B-Chemical +hydrochloride O +in O +red O +- O +tailed O +hawks O +( O +Buteo O +jamaicensis O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +amphetamine B-Chemical +on O +the O +behaviour O +of O +decerebrate O +domestic O +chicks O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +action O +of O +cholinergic O +antagonists O +on O +the O +effect O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +, O +nicotine B-Chemical +and O +benzoylcholine B-Chemical +applied O +iontophoretically O +onto O +two O +identified O +neurones O +in O +the O +brain O +of O +Helix O +aspersa O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +double O +- O +blind O +trial O +was O +carried O +out O +in O +30 O +patients O +with O +peptic O +ulcers O +to O +assess O +the O +effects O +of O +treatment O +with O +a O +gastrin O +- O +receptor O +antagonist O +, O +proglumide O +, O +compared O +with O +a O +histamine B-Chemical +H2 O +- O +blocker O +, O +cimetidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +patients O +treated O +with O +cimetidine B-Chemical +there O +was O +a O +significant O +increase O +in O +blood O +gastrin O +levels O +and O +marked O +hypertrophy O +and O +hyperplasia O +of O +the O +antral O +mucosa O +was O +observed O +in O +almost O +all O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +preliminary O +, O +single O +- O +blind O +, O +dose O +- O +ranging O +study O +was O +carried O +out O +in O +30 O +patients O +with O +essential O +hypertension O +to O +assess O +the O +efficacy O +of O +nadolol B-Chemical +, O +a O +new O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +blocking O +agent O +without O +intrinsic O +sympathomimetic O +action O +and O +with O +an O +extremely O +long O +plasma O +half O +- O +life O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +showed O +that O +at O +the O +end O +of O +the O +trial O +period O +there O +was O +a O +significant O +reduction O +in O +both O +systolic O +and O +diastolic O +blood O +pressure O +( O +approximately O +34 O +/ O +21 O +mmHg O +) O +at O +an O +average O +daily O +dose O +of O +110 O +mg O +nadolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +randomized O +, O +double O +- O +blind O +study O +was O +carried O +out O +in O +24 O +patients O +with O +stable O +angina O +pectoris O +to O +compare O +the O +efficacy O +of O +nadolol B-Chemical +, O +a O +new O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +antagonist O +, O +and O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Optimal O +daily O +dosage O +for O +nadolol B-Chemical +was O +100 O +mg O +, O +and O +112 O +mg O +for O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +various O +therapies O +have O +been O +used O +, O +an O +aggressive O +corticosteroid B-Chemical +regimen O +is O +the O +preferred O +mode O +of O +treatment O +at O +the O +current O +time O +. O + +aps B-category +Formation O +of O +sulfone O +metabolites O +from O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +and O +perazine O +in O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Cl O +- O +free O +analogue O +, O +gamma O +- O +( O +phenothiazinyl O +- O +10 O +) O +- O +propylamine O +sulfone O +, O +was O +excreted O +by O +patients O +receiving O +perazine O +and O +by O +a O +volunteer O +after O +ingestion O +of O +the O +primary O +amine B-Chemical +sulfoxide O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +increased O +bile O +production O +was O +of O +canalicular O +origin O +and O +was O +due O +to O +an O +increase O +in O +both O +the O +bile B-Chemical +salt I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +and O +independent O +fractions O +. O + +aps B-category +Levodopa B-Chemical +pharmacokinetics O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +levodopa B-Chemical +decay O +curves O +appeared O +to O +be O +triexponential O +up O +to O +6 O +hr O +after O +single O +intravenous O +injections O +of O +levodopa B-Chemical +in O +rats O +, O +rabbits O +, O +and O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +benserazide B-Chemical +decreased O +both O +total O +plasma O +clearance O +and O +apparent O +volume O +of O +distribution O +of O +levodopa B-Chemical +, O +but O +did O +not O +change O +the O +rate O +constant O +of O +the O +terminal O +phase O +of O +the O +plasma O +levodopa B-Chemical +decay O +curve O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduction O +of O +2 O +- O +( O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bromobenzoyl I-Chemical +) O +pyridine O +, O +a O +metabolite O +of O +bromazepam O +, O +in O +the O +rabbit O +, O +rat O +, O +and O +guinea O +pig O +. O + +aps B-category +ABBP O +reduction O +was O +catalyzed O +by O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +enzymes O +occurring O +in O +rabbit O +liver O +cytoplasm O +, O +and O +rat O +liver O +microsomes O +, O +and O +guinea O +pig O +liver O +cytoplasm O +and O +microsomes O +. O + +aps B-category +Diazepam B-Chemical +and O +its O +main O +metabolites O +were O +found O +among O +the O +biotransformation O +products O +of O +I O +. O + +aps B-category +Microsomal O +mixed O +- O +function O +amine B-Chemical +oxidase O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxidation O +products O +of O +fluphenazide O +, O +thioproperazine O +, O +and O +trifluoperazine O +obtained O +in O +reactions O +catalyzed O +by O +homogeneous O +preparations O +of O +the O +microsomal O +mixed O +- O +function O +amine B-Chemical +oxidase O +have O +been O +isolated O +and O +identified O +. O + +aps B-category +Nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +spectra O +of O +the O +isolated O +products O +indicated O +that O +with O +all O +three O +substrates O +the O +enzyme O +preferentially O +catalyzes O +N O +- O +oxidation O +of O +the O +piperazine B-Chemical +nitrogen B-Chemical +furthest O +from O +the O +phenothiazine O +nitrogen B-Chemical +atom O +. O + +aps B-category +Concentrations O +of O +piperazine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +substituted I-Chemical +phenothiazines B-Chemical +required O +to O +half O +- O +saturate O +the O +amine B-Chemical +oxidase O +were O +in O +the O +micromolar O +range O +and O +at O +pH O +8 O +. O +3 O +and O +37 O +degrees O +C O +, O +all O +those O +tested O +were O +oxidized O +at O +approximately O +2 O +mumol O +/ O +min O +/ O +mg O +of O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Postnatal O +development O +of O +phenytoin B-Chemical +metabolic O +activity O +in O +rat O +liver O +microsomes O +. O + +aps B-category +Liver O +microsomal O +suspensions O +from O +pregnant O +and O +nonpregnant O +Sprague O +- O +Dawley O +rats O +were O +assayed O +for O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +metabolism O +of O +phenytoin B-Chemical +to O +the O +hydroxylated O +products O +, O +5 O +- O +( O +rho O +- O +hydroxyphenyl O +) O +- O +5 O +- O +phenylhydantoin O +( O +rhoHPPH O +) O +and O +5 O +- O +( O +3 O +, O +4 O +- O +dihydroxy O +- O +1 O +, O +5 O +- O +cyclohexadien O +- O +1 O +- O +yl O +) O +5 O +- O +phenylhydantoin O +( O +H2DIOL O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Folic O +acid O +treatment O +during O +pregnancy O +prevented O +the O +decrease O +in O +phenytoin B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +specific O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Folic O +acid O +may O +play O +a O +role O +in O +pregnancy O +- O +associated O +changes O +in O +phenytoin B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +pretreatment O +with O +inducers O +and O +inhibitors O +of O +the O +mixed O +- O +function O +oxidase O +system O +and O +with O +agents O +that O +deplete O +liver O +glutathione B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Analysis O +of O +one O +fraction O +indicated O +the O +presence O +of O +traces O +of O +S O +- O +( O +3 O +, O +5 O +- O +di O +- O +( O +1 O +- O +[ O +13C O +] O +methyl O +- O +1 O +- O +methylethyl O +- O +4 O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +benzyl O +) O +- B-Chemical +N I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetylcysteine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +metabolism O +of O +the O +polyvalent O +saluretic O +agent O +( O +2 O +- O +cyclopentyl O +- O +6 O +, O +7 O +- O +dichloro O +- O +2 O +- O +methyl O +- O +1 O +- O +oxo O +- O +5 O +- O +indanyloxy O +) O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +was O +studied O +in O +chimpanzee O +and O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +excretion O +of O +the O +metabolites O +coincided O +with O +maximal O +excretion O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +and O +chloride B-Chemical +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +the O +aim O +of O +developing O +anticancer O +compounds O +which O +overcome O +some O +of O +the O +clinical O +limitations O +of O +the O +polar O +dihydrofolate O +reductase O +inhibitor O +, O +methotrexate B-Chemical +, O +the O +physicochemical O +properties O +, O +kinetics O +, O +and O +metabolism O +of O +a O +series O +of O +lipid O +- O +soluble O +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +diamino O +- O +5 O +- O +phenylpyrimidine O +folate B-Chemical +antagonists O +have O +been O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Therapeutic O +differences O +between O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +phenylalanine O +, O +NaCl B-Chemical +and O +pH O +on O +the O +conformation O +of O +chorismate O +mutase O +/ O +prephenate O +dehydratase O +have O +been O +investigated O +, O +using O +measurements O +of O +far O +and O +near O +- O +ultraviolet O +circular O +dichroic O +spectra O +and O +ultraviolet O +difference O +spectra O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +phenylalanine O +and O +NaCl B-Chemical +caused O +significant O +changes O +in O +the O +conformation O +of O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +also O +a O +slight O +perturbation O +of O +this O +tryptophan B-Chemical +when O +the O +pH O +was O +decreased O +to O +7 O +. O +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +enzyme O +concentration O +, O +NaCl B-Chemical +, O +temperature O +and O +pH O +on O +the O +binding O +of O +phenylalanine O +have O +been O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Multi O +- O +enzyme O +complex O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +carbamoyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +synthetase O +with O +aspartate B-Chemical +carbamoyltransferase O +and O +dihydroorotase O +from O +rat O +ascites O +- O +hepatoma O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Messenger O +RNA O +activities O +for O +two O +cortisol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +inducible I-Chemical +enzymes O +, O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +and O +tryptophan B-Chemical +oxygenase O +, O +have O +been O +determined O +by O +translation O +in O +a O +wheat O +germ O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Cortisol O +leads O +to O +an O +increase O +of O +the O +translatable O +mRNAs O +for O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +and O +tryptophan B-Chemical +oxygenase O +with O +a O +maximum O +at O +approximately O +6 O +h O +. O +Cycloheximide O +was O +administered O +4 O +h O +after O +treatment O +with O +cortisol B-Chemical +; O +2 O +h O +later O +, O +the O +activities O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +and O +tryptophan B-Chemical +oxygenase O +mRNA O +had O +increased O +five O +- O +fold O +and O +two O +- O +fold O +, O +respectively O +, O +compared O +to O +the O +activities O +reached O +with O +cortisol B-Chemical +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +Application O +of O +alpha O +- O +amanitin O +together O +with O +cycloheximide B-Chemical +did O +not O +prevent O +an O +increased O +accumulation O +of O +specific O +translatable O +mRNAs O +. O + +aps B-category +Whereas O +tryptophan B-Chemical +oxygenase O +activity O +rapidly O +declined O +after O +cycloheximide B-Chemical +application O +, O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +activity O +remained O +at O +the O +same O +level O +. O + +aps B-category +Analogous O +reactions O +with O +myoglobin O +lead B-Chemical +to O +the O +previously O +described O +myoglobin O +- O +Fe O +( O +II O +) O +- O +nitrosobenzene O +complex O +which O +has O +similar O +properties O +to O +those O +of O +the O +454 O +- O +nm O +- O +absorbing O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +complex O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +minor O +increase O +in O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +content O +but O +no O +change O +in O +dopamine B-Chemical +concentration O +was O +also O +noted O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +formation O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +from O +tryptophane O +in O +vitro O +in O +rat O +cortical O +slices O +was O +reduced O +by O +about O +35 O +% O +whereas O +the O +formation O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HIAA I-Chemical +in O +the O +same O +slices O +was O +increased O +with O +about O +60 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +findings O +suggest O +that O +changes O +in O +brain O +serotonin B-Chemical +metabolism O +and O +brain O +serotonin B-Chemical +neurons O +may O +be O +an O +explanation O +of O +hepatic O +encephalopathy O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +binding O +was O +highly O +stereospecific O +for O +the O +L O +- O +stereoisomer O +since O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propranolol I-Chemical +was O +two O +orders O +of O +magnitude O +more O +potent O +than O +the O +D O +- O +isomer O +in O +competing O +for O +these O +sites O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dissociation O +constant O +for O +binding O +of O +IIP O +was O +4 O +- O +- O +5 O +nM O +as O +measured O +either O +by O +direct O +binding O +studies O +or O +by O +its O +inhibition O +of O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +stimulated O +adenylate O +cyclase O +. O + +aps B-category +Based O +on O +evidence O +that O +the O +dorsal O +raphe O +nucleus O +( O +DR O +) O +has O +specific O +and O +independent O +receptors O +for O +5HT O +, O +GABA B-Chemical +and O +glycine B-Chemical +( O +Gallager O +and O +Aghajanian O +, O +1976 O +; O +Wang O +and O +Aghajanian O +, O +1977 O +) O +, O +alterations O +in O +the O +firing O +rate O +of O +DR O +neurons O +following O +the O +administration O +of O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +( O +BZ O +) O +were O +evaluated O +to O +determine O +whether O +they O +were O +the O +result O +of O +a O +direct O +interaction O +with O +5HT O +receptors O +or O +due O +to O +interactions O +of O +these O +drugs O +with O +GABA B-Chemical +and O +/ O +or O +glycine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +2 O +, O +5 O +- O +Dimethoxy O +- O +4 O +- O +methylamphetamine O +( O +DOM O +) O +- O +a O +central O +component O +of O +its O +cardiovascular O +effects O +in O +rats O +; O +involvement O +of O +serotonin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Central O +but O +not O +peripheral O +administration O +of O +the O +serotonin B-Chemical +antagonist O +BOL O +reduces O +the O +response O +. O + +aps B-category +Tachyphylaxis O +may O +be O +the O +result O +of O +irreversible O +binding O +of O +DOM O +to O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +receptors O +or O +to O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +receptor O +densensitization O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +experiments O +reported O +here O +investigated O +the O +effect O +of O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +( O +CPZ O +) O +alone O +or O +after O +inhibition O +of O +catecholamine B-Chemical +( O +CA O +) O +synthesis O +on O +paradoxical O +sleep O +( O +PS O +) O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +decrease O +was O +greater O +after O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +inhibition O +than O +after O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxylase I-Chemical +inhibition O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +on O +the O +mechanism O +of O +the O +vasodilator O +effects O +of O +prazosin B-Chemical +in O +dogs O +and O +rabbits O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +papaverine B-Chemical +, O +prazosin B-Chemical +failed O +to O +produce O +the O +same O +effect O +in O +dogs O +under O +spinal O +anaesthesia O +even O +when O +the O +intrinsic O +femoral O +vascular O +tone O +was O +increased O +with O +vasopressin B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +All O +six O +cysteines O +in O +the O +native O +enzyme O +were O +in O +the O +free O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +form O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +studies O +indicate O +that O +the O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +GDH I-Chemical +and O +NAD O +- O +GDH O +isozymes O +are O +distinct O +molecular O +species O +in O +this O +organism O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +synchronous O +cells O +of O +the O +eucaryotic O +microorganism O +Chlorella O +sorokiniana O +growing O +in O +nitrate B-Chemical +medium O +were O +challenged O +to O +synthesize O +an O +ammonium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +inducible I-Chemical +nicotinamide B-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +dinucleotide I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +specific I-Chemical +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +( O +NADP O +- O +GDH O +) O +at O +frequent O +intervals O +during O +the O +cell O +cycle O +the O +initial O +rate O +of O +induction O +( O +i O +. O +e O +. 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O + +aps B-category +This O +work O +reports O +on O +the O +isolation O +and O +characterization O +of O +two O +glutamine B-Chemical +auxotrophs O +in O +Neurospora O +crassa O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mutations O +impaired O +the O +conversion O +of O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +to O +glutamine B-Chemical +and O +resulted O +in O +changes O +of O +both O +the O +activity O +and O +oligomeric O +structure O +of O +the O +enzyme O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +. O + +aps B-category +Prolonged O +continuous O +cultivation O +on O +tetrathionate O +or O +thiosulfate O +did O +not O +affect O +the O +ability O +of O +the O +organism O +to O +grow O +subsequently O +in O +ferrous O +iron B-Chemical +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +addition O +of O +an O +anaerobic O +NaCl B-Chemical +solution O +to O +an O +essentially O +Na O ++ O +- O +free O +anaerobic O +bacterial O +suspension O +induced O +the O +acidification O +of O +the O +suspension O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +primary O +amine B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +of O +Pseudomonas O +putida O +NP O +was O +purified O +to O +homogeneity O +as O +judged O +by O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +was O +nonspecific O +, O +readily O +oxidizing O +primary O +monoamines B-Chemical +, O +benzylamine O +, O +and O +tyramine O +; O +little O +or O +no O +measurable O +activity O +was O +detected O +with O +isoamines O +, O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ornithine I-Chemical +, O +L O +- O +lysine O +, O +and O +certain O +diamines O +or O +polyamines O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduction O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +dithionite O +or O +amine B-Chemical +substrates O +resulted O +in O +absorption O +maxima O +at O +523 O +and O +552 O +nm O +and O +a O +shift O +in O +the O +Soret O +peak O +to O +416 O +nm O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +ammonium B-Chemical +ion O +concentration O +and O +osmotic O +pressure O +on O +growth O +of O +Ureaplasma O +urealyticum O +type O +VIII O +was O +determined O +by O +using O +a O +well O +- O +buffered O +broth O +medium O +containing O +10 O +mM O +urea B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +U O +. O +urealyticum O +was O +more O +sensitive O +to O +osmotic O +pressure O +: O +osmotic O +pressures O +of O +710 O +to O +780 O +mosmol O +/ O +kg O +( O +with O +KCl O +, O +NaCl B-Chemical +, O +or O +sucrose B-Chemical +) O +resulted O +in O +both O +a O +substantially O +lower O +growth O +rate O +and O +a O +5 O +- O +to O +10 O +- O +fold O +lower O +peak O +yield O +of O +organisms O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reconstituted O +systems O +required O +oxygen B-Chemical +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +and O +were O +not O +affected O +by O +the O +catalase O +which O +decomposes O +H2O2 B-Chemical +, O +or O +by O +1 O +, O +4 O +- O +diazabicyclo O +- O +[ O +2 O +, O +2 O +, O +2 O +] O +octane O +( O +DABCO O +) O +, O +which O +is O +a O +good O +quencher O +of O +singlet O +oxygen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +L O +- O +Pyroglutamyl O +derivatives O +of O +p O +- O +nitroaniline O +and O +7 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylcoumarin I-Chemical +were O +synthesized O +as O +new O +sensitive O +substrates O +for O +pyrrolidonyl O +peptidase O +( O +pyrrolidonecarboxylyl O +peptidase O +) O +from O +Bacillus O +amyloliquefaciens O +. O + +aps B-category +Acceptor O +specificity O +of O +ATP O +: O +nucleoside B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +pyrophosphotransferase O +from O +Streptomyces O +adephospholyticus O +. O + +aps B-category +Lysophospholipase O +[ O +EC O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +. O +5 O +] O +was O +solubilized O +from O +the O +cells O +of O +Vibrio O +parahaemolyticus O +with O +Triton O +X O +- O +100 O +and O +purified O +by O +the O +following O +procedure O +; O +precipitation O +with O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +, O +acid O +treatment O +and O +ion O +exchange O +column O +chromatography O +using O +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +, O +DEAE O +- O +Sephadex O +A O +- O +50 O +, O +and O +CM O +- O +cellulose O +, O +successively O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +activity O +was O +completely O +inhibited O +by O +preincubation O +with O +diisopropylfluorophosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +on O +the O +formation O +of O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +from O +putrescine O +in O +rat O +organs O +and O +purification O +of O +its O +synthetic O +enzyme O +from O +rat O +intestine O +. O + +aps B-category +Radioactive O +GABA B-Chemical +was O +detected O +in O +all O +the O +organs O +of O +a O +rat O +injected O +intraperitoneally O +with O +radioactive O +putrescine O +, O +and O +the O +highest O +radioactivity O +of O +GABA B-Chemical +was O +observed O +in O +the O +small O +intestine O +. O + +aps B-category +Vmax O +values O +of O +other O +substrates O +relative O +to O +that O +of O +p O +- O +nitrophenylphosphate O +were O +as O +follows O +; O +beta O +- O +glycerophosphate O +, O +76 O +% O +; O +5 O +' O +- O +TMP O +, O +82 O +% O +; O +5 O +' O +- O +AMP O +, O +62 O +% O +; O +5 O +' O +- O +IMP O +, O +43 O +% O +; O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +, O +39 O +% O +; O +ADP O +, O +36 O +% O +and O +ATP O +, O +15 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +was O +most O +strongly O +inhibited O +by O +L O +- O +histidine O +among O +the O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +tested O +, O +and O +also O +strongly O +inhibited O +by O +imidazole O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +sphingomyelinase O +is O +different O +from O +the O +two O +previously O +known O +sphingomyelinases O +in O +the O +brain O +- O +- O +the O +acidic O +sphingomyelinase O +and O +the O +magnesium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +neutral O +sphingomyelinase O +. O + +aps B-category +3 O +- O +Deoxy O +- O +D O +- O +arabino O +- O +heptulosonate O +7 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +synthase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +has O +a O +subunit O +molecular O +weight O +of O +35 O +, O +000 O +as O +determined O +by O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +, O +suggesting O +that O +the O +native O +form O +of O +the O +enzyme O +is O +a O +tetramer O +. O + +aps B-category +Molecular O +parameters O +of O +the O +previously O +isolated O +tyrosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +3 O +- O +deoxy O +- O +D O +- O +arabino O +- O +heptulosonate O +7 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +synthase O +from O +E O +. O +coli O +( O +Schoner O +, O +R O +. O +, O +and O +Herrmann O +, O +K O +. O +M O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +of O +cells O +with O +valinomycin O +( O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +external O +potassium B-Chemical +ions O +) O +or O +high O +concentrations O +of O +thiocyanate O +, O +to O +abolish O +the O +delta O +psi O +, O +resulted O +in O +collapse O +of O +the O +transmembrane O +proton O +gradient O +( O +delta O +pH O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Saturation O +curves O +of O +activity O +versus O +concentration O +were O +determined O +for O +aspartate B-Chemical +transcarbamylase O +from O +Escherichia O +coli O +( O +EC O +2 O +. O +1 O +. O +3 O +. O +2 O +) O +for O +the O +substrate O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +at O +saturating O +carbamyl O +phosphate B-Chemical +( O +4 O +. O +8 O +mM O +) O +in O +buffered O +solution O +at O +pH O +values O +from O +6 O +. O +0 O +to O +12 O +. O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +50 O +mM O +aspartate B-Chemical +concentration O +the O +pH O +- O +rate O +profile O +shows O +maxima O +at O +pH O +values O +of O +8 O +. O +8 O +and O +10 O +. O +0 O +( O +cf O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +native O +enzyme O +was O +a O +monomeric O +protein O +of O +a O +molecular O +weight O +of O +41 O +, O +000 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +, O +000 O +with O +an O +s020 O +, O +w O +value O +of O +3 O +. O +45 O +S O +. O +It O +had O +a O +relative O +abundance O +of O +hydrophobic O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +such O +as O +valine O +, O +leucine B-Chemical +, O +and O +isoleucine O +, O +and O +contained O +approximately O +5 O +% O +carbohydrate O +by O +weight O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +copper B-Chemical +was O +not O +detected O +in O +a O +significant O +amount O +and O +the O +ratio O +of O +copper B-Chemical +to O +heme O +was O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +03 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +simplified O +assay O +of O +furosemide B-Chemical +in O +plasma O +and O +urine O +by O +high O +- O +pressure O +liquid O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +method O +includes O +an O +ether B-Chemical +extraction O +from O +acidified O +biologic O +samples O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +methylester O +of O +furosemide B-Chemical +is O +employed O +as O +an O +internal O +standard O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +simple O +, O +sensitive O +and O +rapid O +technique O +is O +described O +, O +permitting O +separation O +of O +cGMP B-Chemical +from O +GMP O +, O +GDP O +and O +GTP O +by O +the O +use O +of O +unidirectional O +high O +- O +voltage O +paper O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +Gentamicin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +blood I-Chemical +agar O +for O +isolation O +of O +Streptococcus O +pneumoniae O +from O +respiratory O +secretions O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +[ O +32p O +] O +i O +incorporation O +into O +this O +enzyme O +probably O +reflects O +turnover O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +groups O +associated O +with O +pre O +- O +existing O +enzyme O +molecules O +catalyzed O +by O +a O +cyclic O +AMP O +- O +independent O +protein O +kinase O +. O + +aps B-category +Cytosolic O +guanylate O +cylase O +activity O +in O +cell O +- O +free O +preparations O +of O +the O +rabbit O +renal O +cortex O +was O +increased O +3 O +- O +to O +5 O +- O +fold O +by O +catecholamines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +decreasing O +potency O +, O +epinephrine B-Chemical +greater O +than O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +greater O +than O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +greater O +than O +dopamine B-Chemical +greater O +than O +catechol B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +view O +of O +thee O +findings O +, O +quantitative O +and O +qualitative O +data O +reported O +on O +biological O +specimens O +submitted O +to O +saponification O +in O +ethanol B-Chemical +, O +methanol O +, O +or O +even O +in O +water O +are O +of O +questionable O +significance O +. O + +aps B-category +Binding O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +ouabain B-Chemical +to O +split O +frog O +skin O +: O +the O +role O +of O +the O +Na O +, O +K O +- O +ATPase O +in O +the O +generation O +of O +short O +circuit O +current O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +ouabain B-Chemical +binding O +and O +Isc O +inhibition O +proceeded O +as O +hyperbolic O +functions O +of O +time O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +high O +Isci O +skins O +bound O +very O +little O +ouabain B-Chemical +before O +inhibition O +of O +Isc O +whereas O +low O +Isci O +skins O +bound O +one O +- O +half O +of O +the O +total O +number O +of O +sites O +before O +exhibiting O +any O +inhibition O +of O +Isc O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +molar O +range O +was O +too O +limited O +to O +identify O +the O +most O +preferred O +concentration O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +but O +peak O +preferences O +for O +the O +other O +common O +sugars O +fell O +within O +the O +range O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +salts O +on O +the O +physical O +and O +kinetic O +properties O +of O +human O +placental O +choline B-Chemical +acetyltransferase O +. O + +aps B-category +Optimal O +in O +vitro O +excystation O +of O +this O +species O +occurs O +following O +pretreatment O +of O +the O +cyst O +for O +15 O +min O +in O +1 O +% O +acidified O +pepsin O +, O +treatment O +in O +0 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +corpus O +striatum O +, O +SP O +seemed O +to O +potentiate O +the O +potassium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stimulated I-Chemical +outflow O +of O +3H O +- O +DA O +and O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +GABA I-Chemical +, O +while O +the O +realeases O +from O +substantia O +nigra O +were O +unaffected O +. O + +aps B-category +Quisqualamine O +, O +a O +novel O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +GABA B-Chemical +) O +related O +depressant O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +suggests O +an O +interaction O +of O +quisqualamine O +with O +presynaptic O +receptors O +for O +both O +GABA B-Chemical +and O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Rat O +brain O +and O +serum O +lithium B-Chemical +concentrations O +after O +acute O +injections O +of O +lithium B-Chemical +carbonate I-Chemical +and O +orotate O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +little O +serum O +lithium B-Chemical +remained O +at O +24 O +h O +after O +injection O +of O +2 O +. O +0 O +m O +equiv O +kg O +- O +1 O +lithium B-Chemical +carbonate I-Chemical +, O +two O +- O +thirds O +of O +the O +2 O +h O +serum O +lithium B-Chemical +concentration O +was O +present O +24h O +after O +lithium B-Chemical +orotate O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +suggest O +the O +possibility O +that O +lower O +doses O +of O +lithium B-Chemical +orotate O +than O +lithium B-Chemical +carbonate I-Chemical +may O +achieve O +therapeutic O +brain O +lithium B-Chemical +concentrations O +and O +relatively O +stable O +serum O +concentrations O +. 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O +0 O +g O +kg O +- O +1 O +, O +orally O +) O +as O +evidenced O +by O +increased O +serum O +enzyme O +activities O +of O +the O +aminotransferases O +and O +sorbitol O +dehydrogenase O +were O +dose O +- O +dependently O +inhibited O +by O +simultaneous O +treatment O +with O +dimethyl B-Chemical +sulphoxide I-Chemical +( O +DMSO B-Chemical +0 O +, O +25 O +- O +1 O +. O +0 O +g O +kg O +- O +1 O +, O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Hepatic O +glutathione B-Chemical +depletion O +in O +mice O +amounting O +to O +94 O +% O +after O +paracetamol B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +5 O +g O +kg O +- O +1 O +, O +orally O +) O +and O +to O +60 O +% O +after O +bromobezene O +( O +0 O +. O +25 O +ml O +kg O +- O +1 O +, O +orally O +) O +was O +dose O +- O +dependently O +reduced O +by O +the O +simultaneous O +administration O +of O +DMSO B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +25 O +- O +- O +1 O +. O +0 O +G O +KG O +- O +1 O +, O +I O +. O +P O +. O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +three O +methods O +of O +evaluating O +the O +composition O +of O +gentamicin B-Chemical +sulphate O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +phenobarbitone B-Chemical +on O +the O +biliary O +reabsorption O +of O +[ O +35S O +] O +sulpho O +- O +bromophthalein O +sodium B-Chemical +from O +the O +rat O +biliary O +tree O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +tolamolol O +and O +other O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +blocking O +drugs O +on O +[ O +3H O +] O +haloperidol B-Chemical +binding O +to O +rat O +striatal O +membrane O +preparations O +. O + +aps B-category +Relation O +between O +baseline O +firing O +rate O +and O +the O +direction O +of O +neuronal O +responses O +to O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +: O +a O +species O +comparison O +. O + +aps B-category +Selectivity O +of O +bethanechol B-Chemical +on O +muscarinic O +receptors O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +drug O +was O +oxidized O +with O +periodic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +and O +the O +resulting O +aldehyde B-Chemical +was O +reacted O +with O +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +dinitrophenylhydrazine O +to O +form O +the O +corresponding O +hydrazone O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hydrazone O +was O +extracted O +into O +chloroform B-Chemical +, O +and O +its O +absorbance O +was O +measured O +at O +the O +352 O +- O +nm O +maximum O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +patulin O +on O +the O +kinetics O +of O +substrate O +and O +cationic O +ligand O +activation O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphatase O +in O +mouse O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetic O +studies O +of O +cationic O +- O +substrate O +activation O +of O +Na O ++ O +- O +K O ++ O +ATPase O +indicated O +noncompetitive O +inhibition O +with O +respect O +to O +ATP O +( O +at O +low O +affinity O +nucleotide B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +directed I-Chemical +sites O +) O +and O +Na O ++ O +( O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +low O +, O +noninterfering O +concentrations O +of O +K O ++ O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +dl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propranolol I-Chemical +, O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propranolol I-Chemical +, O +dl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +pindolol I-Chemical +and O +dl O +- O +practolol O +on O +regional O +myocardial O +blood O +flow O +( O +assessed O +by O +means O +of O +tracer O +microspheres O +) O +and O +on O +ST O +- O +segment O +elevation O +in O +ischemic O +and O +nonischemic O +areas O +of O +the O +canine O +left O +ventricle O +have O +been O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +dl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Propranolol I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +redistribution O +was O +abolished O +by O +atrial O +pacing O +at O +the O +control O +heart O +rate O +value O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +study O +was O +designed O +to O +investigate O +the O +effect O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +on O +sympathetic O +transmission O +to O +the O +myocardium O +in O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +anesthetized I-Chemical +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +Positive O +chronotropic O +effects O +of O +intravenously O +administered O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +as O +well O +as O +tyramine O +were O +not O +altered O +during O +histamine B-Chemical +infusion O +. O + +aps B-category +Prior O +administration O +of O +mepyramine O +( O +pyrilamine O +) O +, O +a O +histamine B-Chemical +type O +H1 O +- O +receptor O +antagonist O +caused O +partial O +attenuation O +of O +the O +depressor O +action O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +, O +but O +did O +not O +prevent O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +inhibition O +of O +neurogenic O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +while O +the O +depressor O +action O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +is O +due O +to O +the O +activation O +of O +both O +H1 O +- O +as O +well O +as O +H2 O +- O +receptors O +, O +histamine B-Chemical +causes O +impairment O +of O +sympathetic O +nerve O +function O +to O +the O +myocardium O +by O +acting O +on O +H2 O +- O +receptors O +which O +may O +be O +located O +on O +sympathetic O +nerve O +terminals O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +peripheral O +catecholamines B-Chemical +in O +oxotremorine O +tremor O +in O +the O +rat O +and O +its O +antagonism O +by O +beta O +adrenoceptor O +blocking O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxotremorine O +increases O +plasma O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +from O +0 O +. O +62 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +07 O +to O +3 O +. O +01 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +47 O +ng O +/ O +ml O +and O +plasma O +epinephrine B-Chemical +, O +from O +0 O +. O +82 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +14 O +to O +3 O +. O +42 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +48 O +ng O +/ O +ml O +, O +in O +conscious O +unrestrained O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Propranolol I-Chemical +and O +sotalol B-Chemical +are O +also O +active O +at O +4 O +and O +10 O +times O +the O +dose O +of O +l B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propranolol I-Chemical +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +is O +an O +increase O +in O +cholinergic O +influence O +to O +motor O +efferents O +accompanied O +by O +an O +activation O +of O +the O +sympathoadrenal O +system O +to O +release O +catecholamines B-Chemical +which O +augment O +tremor O +by O +stimulation O +of O +beta2 O +adrenoceptors O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +was O +also O +extended O +to O +some O +nitro O +and O +amino B-Chemical +derivatives O +of O +tetrahydro O +- O +1 O +, O +4 O +- O +benzodiazepin O +- O +5 O +- O +one O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +selective O +medium O +containing O +kanamycin B-Chemical +and O +vancomycin B-Chemical +enhanced O +the O +recovery O +rate O +of O +B O +. O +melaninogenicus O +. O + +aps B-category +Amino O +acid O +activation O +with O +adenosine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +phosphorimidazolide O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +disposition O +and O +metabolism O +of O +1 O +- O +( O +4 O +- O +carbamoyl O +[ O +14C O +] O +methylphenoxy O +) O +- O +3 O +- O +isopropylaminopan O +- O +2 O +- O +ol O +( O +atenolol B-Chemical +, O +Tenormin O +) O +has O +been O +studied O +in O +man O +following O +oral O +and O +intravenous O +doses O +. O + +aps B-category +Faecal O +extracts O +also O +contained O +largely O +unchanged O +atenolol B-Chemical +, O +with O +small O +amounts O +of O +more O +polar O +metabolites O +. O + +aps B-category +Oral O +doses O +of O +atenolol B-Chemical +are O +incompletely O +absorbed O +( O +range O +46 O +- O +62 O +% O +) O +, O +even O +when O +formulated O +as O +a O +solution O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +On O +the O +binding O +of O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +and O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +metabolites I-Chemical +to O +serum O +- O +albumin O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. 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O + +aps B-category +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +( O +5HT O +) O +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical +( O +5HTP O +) O +form O +cyclic O +compounds O +( O +probably O +of O +the O +tetrahydro B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carboline I-Chemical +type O +) O +with O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +( O +PLP O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Measurable O +levels O +of O +antibiotic O +( O +penicillins B-Chemical +, O +aminoglycosides B-Chemical +) O +were O +present O +in O +CSF O +of O +ten O +of O +23 O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Bile O +acids O +increase O +the O +release O +of O +human O +enteropeptidase O +as O +well O +as O +other O +brush O +- O +border O +enzymes O +( O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +, O +leucine B-Chemical +aminopeptidase O +) O +from O +duodenal O +mucosa O +, O +as O +had O +been O +shown O +earlier O +in O +experimental O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +Contrary O +to O +some O +results O +obtained O +with O +animal O +tissue O +, O +by O +other O +investigators O +, O +our O +experiments O +with O +human O +duodenal O +mucosa O +indicate O +that O +enteropeptidase O +, O +under O +all O +conditions O +tested O +, O +is O +released O +at O +a O +rate O +considerably O +greater O +than O +that O +for O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +or O +leucine B-Chemical +aminopeptidase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +basal O +rate O +of O +HCO3 O +- O +secretion O +( O +approximately O +40 O +mueq O +- O +h O +- O +1 O +) O +was O +, O +in O +most O +cases O +, O +smaller O +than O +spontaneous O +H O ++ O +secretion O +, O +but O +gastric O +net O +secretory O +output O +was O +alkaline O +( O +HCO3 O +- O +greater O +than O +H O ++ O +) O +after O +inhibition O +of O +acid O +secretion O +with O +histamine B-Chemical +H2 O +- O +receptor O +antagonists O +( O +cimetidine B-Chemical +20 O +mg O +- O +kg O +- O +1 O +or O +metiamide O +35 O +mg O +- O +kg O +- O +1 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Acetylsalicylic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +hydrolase O +of O +gastric O +mucosa O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzymatic O +activity O +was O +partially O +purified O +by O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +precipitation O +. O + +aps B-category +Acetylsalicylic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +esterase O +was O +markedly O +inhibited O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +cholate B-Chemical +and O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +by O +DFP O +at O +low O +concentration O +and O +by O +eserine B-Chemical +at O +millimolar O +concentrations O +suggests O +that O +this O +enzyme O +is O +related O +to O +the O +group O +of O +aliphatic O +esterases O +. O + +aps B-category +Isolated O +perfused O +rat O +lungs O +were O +used O +to O +investigate O +effects O +of O +paraquat O +on O +lung O +glucose B-Chemical +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +Control O +lung O +glucose B-Chemical +utilization O +, O +estimated O +from O +rate O +of O +3H2O O +production O +from O +[ O +5 O +- O +3H O +] O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +was O +44 O +mumol O +/ O +h O +- O +g O +dry O +wt O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +perfusion O +with O +1 O +. O +5 O +mM O +paraquat O +, O +glucose B-Chemical +utilization O +increased O +28 O +% O +, O +14CO2 O +production O +via O +the O +pentose O +cycle O +increased O +182 O +% O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +005 O +) O +, O +CO2 O +production O +via O +mitochondrial O +metabolism O +increased O +39 O +% O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +02 O +) O +, O +and O +the O +rate O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +production O +increased O +28 O +% O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +indicate O +that O +interaction O +of O +paraquat O +with O +the O +lung O +results O +in O +increased O +turnover O +of O +cytoplasmic O +NADPH B-Chemical +and O +increased O +mitochondrial O +metabolism O +, O +but O +no O +significant O +change O +in O +cytoplasmic O +redox O +state O +. O + +aps B-category +Renal O +mitochondrial O +glutamine B-Chemical +transport O +and O +metabolism O +: O +studies O +with O +a O +rapid O +- O +mixing O +, O +rapid O +- O +filtration O +technique O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +men O +serum O +insulin O +- O +, O +GH O +- O +and O +total O +corticoid O +levels O +correlate O +positive O +significant O +with O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +cholesterol B-Chemical +levels O +, O +relative O +body O +weight O +and O +blood O +pressure O +, O +which O +possibly O +shows O +, O +that O +these O +hormones O +may O +play O +a O +role O +in O +the O +development O +of O +degenerative O +heart O +and O +blood O +vessel O +diseases O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +postmenopausal O +women O +LH O +and O +FSH O +serum O +levels O +correlate O +positive O +significant O +with O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +cholesterol B-Chemical +levels O +, O +blood O +pressure O +and O +relative O +body O +weight O +, O +the O +so O +called O +risk O +factors O +for O +arteriosclerosis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ability O +of O +a O +number O +of O +drugs O +to O +abolish O +the O +emergence O +delirium O +and O +unpleasant O +dreams O +which O +follow O +anaesthesia O +induced O +with O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +ketamine B-Chemical +was O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +given O +intravenously O +10 O +min O +before O +induction O +of O +anaesthesia O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +and O +lorazepam B-Chemical +gave O +best O +results O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Cellular O +microenvironment O +in O +terms O +of O +Po2 O +, O +pH O +, O +[ O +K O ++ O +] O +, O +[ O +Cl O +- O +] O +, O +[ O +Ca2 O ++ O +] O +and O +lactate B-Chemical +was O +measured O +in O +rat O +brain O +by O +means O +of O +specific O +microelectrodes O +. O + +aps B-category +Increased O +blood O +flow O +in O +acute O +hypoxia O +occurred O +within O +1 O +- O +2 O +s O +of O +the O +fall O +in O +tissue O +Po2 O +and O +was O +much O +more O +rapid O +than O +changes O +in O +either O +pH O +or O +potassium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +DOPA I-Chemical +abolished O +the O +effect O +of O +IEM O +- O +506 O +, O +and O +disulfiram B-Chemical +blocked O +gonadotropic O +action O +of O +nicotine B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +THF O +so O +isolated O +appears O +to O +be O +a O +polypeptide O +of O +3 O +, O +000 O +mol O +wt O +which O +contains O +approximately O +30 O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +first O +fraction O +containing O +the O +glycosaminoglycans O +was O +further O +fractionated O +on O +Dowex O +1 O +X O +2 O +by O +stepwise O +elution O +with O +increasing O +NaCl B-Chemical +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +Whereas O +the O +excretion O +of O +normal O +children O +of O +the O +same O +age O +was O +found O +to O +be O +0 O +. O +77 O +mumol O +glucosamine O +equivalents O +per O +day O +in O +the O +2 O +mol O +/ O +1 O +and O +3 O +mol O +/ O +1 O +NaCl B-Chemical +fraction O +, O +the O +two O +patients O +excreted O +6 O +. O +7 O +( O +M O +. O +C O +. O +) O +and O +3 O +. O +5 O +( O +M O +. O +S O +. O +) O +mumol O +glucosamine O +equivalents O +per O +day O +, O +respectively O +. 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O + +aps B-category +When O +grown O +on O +limiting O +amounts O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +, O +a O +lower O +oligomer O +was O +present O +in O +addition O +to O +the O +octameric O +form O +of O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Ionic O +blockage O +of O +the O +light O +- O +regulated O +sodium B-Chemical +channels O +in O +isolated O +rod O +outer O +segments O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +3H O +] O +Glycogen O +hydrolysis O +in O +brain O +slices O +: O +responses O +to O +neurotransmitters O +and O +modulation O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Biochemical O +and O +morphological O +effects O +of O +testosterone B-Chemical +treatment O +on O +developing O +sympathetic O +neurons O +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulation O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +in O +cultured O +mouse O +neuroblastoma O +cells O +by O +monocarboxylic O +acids O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +study O +we O +fed O +rats O +a O +diet O +deficient O +in O +vitamin B-Chemical +B6 I-Chemical +to O +determine O +the O +length O +of O +time O +required O +for O +in O +vitro O +inactivating O +activity O +to O +be O +lost O +from O +liver O +homogenates O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +3 O +weeks O +, O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +was O +no O +longer O +inactivated O +in O +homogenates O +prepared O +from O +livers O +of O +deficient O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +5 O +weeks O +the O +PLP O +concentration O +of O +liver O +from O +vitamin B-Chemical +B6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adequate I-Chemical +rats O +increased O +from O +2 O +. O +9 O +microgram O +/ O +g O +to O +6 O +. O +6 O +microgram O +/ O +g O +while O +in O +deficient O +rats O +it O +dropped O +to O +2 O +microgram O +/ O +g O +. O + +aps B-category +Characterization O +of O +thiamine B-Chemical +diphosphatase O +in O +rat O +small O +intestine O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +thiamine B-Chemical +diphosphate O +( O +TDP O +) O +and O +p O +- O +nitrophenylphosphate O +( O +p O +- O +NPP O +) O +are O +hydrolyzed O +by O +a O +single O +enzyme O +, O +al O +- O +Pase O +, O +in O +the O +intestine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +was O +characterized O +by O +high O +ratios O +of O +cystine O +, O +aspartic O +acid O +, O +and O +serine O +. O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +, O +fructose O +and O +galactose B-Chemical +were O +found O +to O +be O +the O +most O +stimulative O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +ribose O +, O +xylose O +, O +arabinose O +, O +ribitol O +, O +citrate B-Chemical +, O +succinate O +, O +oxaloacetate B-Chemical +, O +glyoxylate O +and O +malate B-Chemical +were O +rather O +inhibitory O +, O +in O +additions O +at O +1 O +. O +0 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Maximum O +flavinogenesis O +with O +the O +above O +stimulants O +was O +attained O +by O +the O +additions O +of O +1 O +% O +ethanol B-Chemical +, O +1 O +. O +25 O +- O +- O +3 O +. O +0 O +% O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +1 O +. O +25 O +% O +glycerol O +, O +4 O +. O +0 O +- O +- O +6 O +. O +0 O +% O +propane O +and O +butanediols O +, O +1 O +. O +0 O +% O +pyruvate B-Chemical +and O +0 O +. O +9 O +% O +acetate O +after O +37 O +hr O +incubation O +, O +respectively O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Single O +dose O +studies O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +aluminium B-Chemical +hydroxide O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +bicarbonate I-Chemical +showed O +that O +the O +antacids O +had O +no O +significant O +effect O +on O +the O +absorption O +of O +diftalone O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +solvent O +extraction O +procedure O +avoids O +interference O +from O +colouring O +agents O +and O +coloured O +photolytic O +breakdown O +products O +of O +the O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Marked O +differences O +were O +observed O +, O +in O +the O +ability O +of O +fortified O +9000 O +g O +liver O +homogenate O +supernatants O +from O +three O +species O +to O +reduce O +1 O +- O +phenyl O +- O +2 O +- O +propanone O +to O +the O +corresponding O +alcohol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Approximately O +three O +times O +more O +deaminated O +products O +were O +formed O +from O +the O +in O +vitro O +metabolism O +of O +N O +- O +n O +- O +propylamphetamine O +than O +from O +amphetamine B-Chemical +metabolism O +by O +all O +three O +species O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +pyridostigmine O +pretreatment O +on O +the O +neuromuscular O +blockade O +produced O +by O +soman B-Chemical +in O +anaesthetized O +, O +atropinized O +animals O +have O +been O +studied O +on O +the O +soleus O +and O +anterior O +tibialis O +muscle O +( O +rhesus O +monkeys O +, O +cats O +and O +rabbits O +) O +and O +the O +gastrocnemius O +muscle O +( O +guinea O +- O +pigs O +and O +rats O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +absence O +of O +pyridostigmine O +or O +if O +pyridostigmine O +was O +delayed O +until O +after O +blockade O +by O +soman B-Chemical +, O +there O +was O +no O +recovery O +of O +neuromuscular O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +to O +the O +dose O +of O +pyridostigmine O +and O +the O +time O +interval O +between O +the O +administration O +of O +pyridostigmine O +and O +soman B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relationship O +between O +cholinesterase O +inhibition O +in O +the O +chick O +biventer O +cervicis O +muscle O +and O +its O +sensitivity O +to O +exogenous O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +concentration O +of O +physostigmine B-Chemical +required O +to O +produce O +the O +maximum O +increase O +in O +sensitivity O +to O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +almost O +completely O +inhibited O +the O +cholinesterase O +in O +muscle O +homogenates O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +taking O +account O +of O +the O +combined O +effects O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +diffusion O +and O +enzymic O +hydrolysis O +, O +a O +quantitative O +theoretical O +relationship O +has O +been O +derived O +between O +the O +level O +of O +cholinesterase O +activity O +in O +cylindrical O +muscles O +and O +the O +fractional O +occupancy O +of O +the O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +receptors O +in O +these O +muscles O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +different O +concentrations O +of O +exogenous O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Isolated O +chicken O +bronchus O +contracts O +to O +carbachol B-Chemical +, O +PGF2alpha B-Chemical +, O +histamine B-Chemical +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +, O +bradykinin B-Chemical +and O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Bronchi O +which O +had O +partially O +contracted O +submaximally O +to O +carbachol B-Chemical +, O +antigen O +or O +PGF2alpha B-Chemical +, O +relaxed O +to O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +, O +adrenaline B-Chemical +and O +PGE1 B-Chemical +and O +E2 O +. O + +aps B-category +Heart O +rate O +decreased O +initially O +but O +recovered O +within O +6 O +h O +. O +Angiotensin B-Chemical +amde O +30 O +ng O +kg O +- O +1 O +min O +- O +1 O +, O +infused O +up O +to O +seven O +days O +, O +was O +without O +effect O +on O +blood O +pressure O +or O +heart O +rate O +, O +and O +both O +doses O +of O +angiotensin B-Chemical +amide O +failed O +to O +alter O +cardiac O +catecholamine B-Chemical +turnover O +. O + +aps B-category +Heart O +rate O +was O +increased O +by O +hydralazine B-Chemical +to O +138 O +% O +, O +and O +decrease O +by O +clonidine B-Chemical +to O +74 O +% O +of O +control O +, O +and O +was O +unaffected O +by O +mecamylamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Clonidine B-Chemical +increased O +the O +pressor O +response O +to O +angiotensin B-Chemical +but O +had O +no O +effect O +on O +that O +to O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +or O +tyramine O +. O + +aps B-category +Increased O +binding O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +apomorphine B-Chemical +in O +caudate O +membranes O +after O +dopamine B-Chemical +pretreatment O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +Pharmacology O +of O +beta O +- O +( O +3 O +, O +4 O +- O +dimethoxyphenyl O +) O +ethyl O +amine B-Chemical +: O +lack O +of O +peripheral O +and O +central O +antidopaminergic O +properties O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +labetalol B-Chemical +and O +guanethidine B-Chemical +on O +contractile O +responses O +to O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +in O +the O +rat O +anococcygeus O +muscle O +. O + +aps B-category +Mannitol B-Chemical +and O +delayed O +hypersensitivity O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +vivo O +metabolites O +of O +cannabinol O +identified O +as O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +conjugates O +. O + +aps B-category +Potential O +endogenous O +inhibitor O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +synthetase O +in O +plasma O +: O +failure O +to O +inhibit O +cyclo O +- O +oxygenase O +in O +platelets O +and O +the O +gastric O +mucosa O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +degradation O +rate O +, O +solubility O +, O +and O +dissolution O +rate O +of O +amino B-Chemical +penicillins B-Chemical +, O +amoxicillin B-Chemical +, O +ampicillin B-Chemical +, O +epicillin O +, O +and O +cyclacillin O +, O +were O +determined O +quantitatively O +as O +a O +function O +of O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclacillin O +anhydrate O +was O +the O +most O +soluble O +, O +followed O +in O +order O +by O +ampicillin B-Chemical +anhydrate O +, O +ampicillin B-Chemical +trihydrate O +, O +amoxicillin B-Chemical +trihydrate O +, O +and O +epicillin O +anhydrate O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +strongly O +alkaline O +solution O +, O +the O +0 O +- O +- O +species O +was O +not O +adsorbed O +in O +the O +interlayer O +space O +of O +montmorillonite O +but O +rather O +produced O +an O +external O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tetracycline I-Chemical +complex O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +kinetics O +of O +the O +thermal O +degradation O +of O +promethazine B-Chemical +in O +an O +acidic O +medium O +under O +various O +conditions O +were O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +pH O +, O +metal O +ions O +such O +as O +copper B-Chemical +( O +II O +) O +and O +iron B-Chemical +( O +III O +) O +, O +and O +antioxidants O +was O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +copper B-Chemical +( O +II O +) O +increased O +the O +degradation O +rate O +over O +the O +whole O +process O +, O +while O +iron B-Chemical +( O +III O +) O +caused O +an O +increase O +for O +only O +a O +short O +time O +. O + +aps B-category +Under O +anaerobic O +conditions O +, O +promethazine B-Chemical +degraded O +only O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +copper B-Chemical +( O +II O +) O +and O +iorn O +( O +III O +) O +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +Nature O +of O +amorphous O +aluminum B-Chemical +hydroxycarbonate O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +compound O +is O +not O +stoichiometric O +, O +although O +the O +maximum O +carbonate O +to O +aluminum B-Chemical +ratio O +appears O +to O +be O +0 O +. O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +is O +present O +in O +the O +diffuse O +layer O +and O +is O +, O +therefore O +, O +not O +an O +integral O +part O +of O +the O +structure O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +study O +showed O +that O +published O +spectrophotometric O +and O +GLC O +methods O +for O +hydralazine B-Chemical +in O +plasma O +do O +not O +distinguish O +between O +the O +drug O +and O +a O +major O +plasma O +metabolite O +, O +hydralazine B-Chemical +pyruvic O +acid O +hydrazone O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +specific O +GLC O +assay O +for O +the O +hydrazone O +was O +developed O +and O +involves O +its O +selective O +extraction O +from O +plasma O +and O +transformation O +to O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +trifluoromethyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +s I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +triazolo I-Chemical +[ O +3 O +, O +4 O +- O +a O +] O +phthalazine O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +controlled O +trial O +of O +antiemetics O +in O +abortion O +by O +PGF2alpha B-Chemical +and O +laminaria O +. O + +aps B-category +Vomiting O +was O +significantly O +more O +frequent O +in O +the O +placebo O +- O +treated O +group O +[ O +0 O +. O +2 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +5 O +SD O +episodes O +per O +patient O +, O +n O += O +21 O +] O +than O +in O +the O +groups O +treated O +with O +prochlorperazine B-Chemical +[ O +1 O +. O +2 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +5 O +episodes O +per O +patient O +, O +n O += O +21 O +] O +or O +hydroxyzine B-Chemical +[ O +0 O +. O +3 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +8 O +episodes O +per O +patient O +, O +n O += O +19 O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Novel O +anxiolytic O +agents O +derived O +from O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phenyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +o I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tolyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4H I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +triazoles I-Chemical +and O +- O +imidazoles O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +new O +triazoles O +were O +found O +to O +have O +moderate O +sedative O +and O +muscle O +relaxing O +activity O +in O +mice O +( O +i O +. O +e O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +found O +that O +nitrazepam B-Chemical +and O +diazepam B-Chemical +were O +clearly O +more O +potent O +than O +chlorodiazepoxide O +, O +medazepam O +and O +oxazepam B-Chemical +in O +respect O +of O +their O +interactions O +with O +halothane B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Antispasmodics O +, O +such O +as O +papaverine B-Chemical +, O +benactyzine O +and O +Aspaminol O +( O +1 O +, O +1 O +- O +diphenyl O +- O +3 O +- O +piperidino O +- O +butanol O +hydrochloride O +) O +relaxed O +the O +depolarized O +taenia O +, O +while O +the O +depolarized O +taenia O +was O +not O +relaxed O +by O +concentrations O +of O +dibutyryl O +cyclic O +AMP O +sufficient O +to O +relax O +the O +polarized O +taenia O +. O + +aps B-category +Induction O +of O +phosphoenolpyruvate O +carboxykinase O +and O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +. O + +aps B-category +Analysis O +of O +saxitoxin B-Chemical +binding O +in O +isolated O +rat O +synaptosomes O +using O +a O +rapid O +filtration O +assay O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +are O +a O +variety O +of O +molecule O +species O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +avaialable O +at O +physiological O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +appears O +at O +this O +time O +that O +the O +trans O +extended O +form O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +is O +the O +optimum O +form O +for O +binding O +to O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Action O +of O +antischizophrenic O +drugs O +on O +the O +metabolism O +of O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +in O +globus O +pallidus O +, O +striatum O +and O +n O +. O +accumbens O +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulation O +of O +enzyme O +activity O +by O +histamine B-Chemical +and O +catecholamines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulation O +of O +enzyme O +activity O +by O +histamine B-Chemical +and O +catecholamines B-Chemical +were O +selectively O +blocked O +by O +cimetidine B-Chemical +and O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Thirty O +- O +five O +percent O +presented O +with O +general O +gastrointestinal O +symptoms O +rather O +than O +with O +overt O +liver O +disease O +or O +previously O +recognised O +excess O +consumption O +of O +alcohol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +use O +of O +these O +methods O +of O +detection O +is O +discussed O +in O +relation O +to O +the O +rapid O +rise O +in O +alcohol B-Chemical +consumption O +in O +the O +United O +Kingdom O +, O +and O +the O +high O +mortality O +of O +cirrhosis O +reported O +from O +special O +centres O +. O + +aps B-category +Acid O +microclimate O +in O +coeliac O +and O +Crohn O +' O +s O +disease O +: O +a O +model O +for O +folate B-Chemical +malabsorption O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +the O +present O +results O +may O +help O +to O +explain O +the O +folate B-Chemical +malabsorption O +known O +to O +occur O +in O +untreated O +coeliac O +disease O +and O +the O +frequently O +seen O +low O +serum O +folate B-Chemical +levels O +in O +Crohn O +' O +s O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Triton O +X O +- O +100 O +, O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +appeared O +to O +act O +by O +solubilizing O +guanylate O +cyclase O +from O +the O +material O +present O +in O +the O +150 O +, O +000 O +g O +pellet O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +reactions O +are O +very O +much O +faster O +than O +those O +with O +acidified O +nitrite B-Chemical +: O +typically O +, O +2 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +M O +amine B-Chemical +gives O +ca O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +N O +- O +nitrosamine O +yield O +in O +0 O +. O +1 O +M O +sodium B-Chemical +hydroxide O +is O +independent O +of O +amine B-Chemical +basicity O +from O +pKA O +11 O +. O +2 O +- O +0 O +. O +99 O +, O +but O +decreases O +with O +decreasing O +pH O +of O +the O +reaction O +solution O +for O +the O +more O +basic O +amines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +formation O +of O +carcinogenic O +N O +- O +nitrosamines O +from O +NO O +in O +ethanol B-Chemical +at O +25 O +degrees O +C O +is O +also O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxygen O +accelerates O +nitrosation O +by O +converting O +NO O +via O +NO2 O +to O +either O +N2O3 O +or O +N2O4 O +, O +but O +both O +I2 O +and O +metal O +salts O +are O +effective O +under O +anaerobic O +conditions O +, O +where O +reaction O +rates O +are O +virtually O +independent O +of O +amine B-Chemical +basicity O +but O +depend O +on O +the O +nature O +of O +the O +added O +reagent O +. O + +aps B-category +Metal O +iodides O +intervene O +by O +way O +of O +the O +NOI O +reagent O +, O +as O +for O +I2 O +, O +but O +other O +salts O +require O +a O +mechanism O +involving O +reaction O +between O +a O +metal B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amine I-Chemical +complex O +and O +NO O +, O +itself O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +kinetics O +of O +nitrosation O +of O +trimethylamine O +( O +TMA O +) O +and O +trimethylaminoxide O +( O +TMAO O +) O +to O +give O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nitrosodimethylamine I-Chemical +( O +NDMA B-Chemical +) O +have O +been O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +rates O +of O +NDMA B-Chemical +formation O +from O +TMA O +and O +TMAO O +when O +reacted O +at O +pH O +3 O +. O +0 O +and O +100 O +degrees O +C O +in O +sealed O +tubes O +were O +found O +to O +be O +proportional O +to O +the O +square O +and O +the O +cube O +, O +respectively O +, O +of O +the O +nitrite B-Chemical +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +at O +lower O +temperatures O +, O +NDMA B-Chemical +may O +be O +formed O +from O +TMA O +or O +TMAO O +by O +a O +pathway O +not O +involving O +DMA O +. O + +aps B-category +C O +- O +Nitrosophenols O +, O +produced O +by O +the O +nitrosation O +of O +phenols B-Chemical +, O +catalyse O +N O +- O +nitrosamine O +formation O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +reaction O +of O +pyrrolidine B-Chemical +with O +nitrite B-Chemical +at O +pH O +5 O +. O +0 O +is O +described O +, O +which O +gives O +enhanced O +N O +- O +nitrosation O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +p O +- O +cresol O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +N O +- O +nitrosation O +of O +morpholine O +and O +pyrrolidine B-Chemical +at O +pH O +9 O +. O +75 O +is O +also O +effected O +by O +nitrosocysteine O +hydrochloride O +. O + +aps B-category +alpha O +- O +Tocopherol O +has O +been O +evaluated O +as O +a O +nitrite B-Chemical +scavenger O +for O +the O +prevention O +of O +nitrosamine O +formation O +in O +a O +model O +system O +and O +under O +practical O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +Nitrosamine O +inhibition O +was O +greater O +with O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tocopherol I-Chemical +used O +in O +combination O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +ascorbate O +than O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +ascorbate O +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +nonenzymatic O +mechanism O +involving O +hydrophobic O +interactions O +of O +the O +precursor O +amines B-Chemical +and O +cellular O +constituents O +is O +proposed O +. O + +aps B-category +Gastric O +contents O +from O +fasting O +humans O +were O +pooled O +and O +analysed O +for O +amines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Gastric O +contents O +from O +35 O +patients O +, O +some O +before O +and O +/ O +or O +after O +gastric O +stimulation O +with O +histamine B-Chemical +or O +pentagastrin O +, O +were O +analysed O +for O +nitrosamines O +. O + +aps B-category +pH O +, O +nitrite B-Chemical +and O +nitrate B-Chemical +determinations O +were O +made O +on O +some O +samples O +. O + +aps B-category +Peroxidation O +of O +the O +unsaturated O +lipid O +of O +tissue O +homogenates O +is O +an O +established O +method O +to O +assess O +the O +antioxidant O +or O +vitamin B-Chemical +E I-Chemical +status O +of O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +Practolol O +, O +sotalol B-Chemical +and O +1 O +- O +INPEA O +enhanced O +the O +peak O +effect O +and O +delayed O +the O +recovery O +of O +insulin O +- O +induced O +hypoglycaemia O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +light O +and O +exhaustive O +ergometric O +exercise O +on O +blood O +sugar O +, O +total O +cholesterol B-Chemical +and O +pH O +in O +untrained O +young O +human O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +Females O +exhibited O +hypoglycemia O +of O +slightly O +greater O +magnitude O +as O +compared O +to O +male O +subjects O +and O +during O +both O +the O +exercises O +, O +however O +, O +such O +sex O +differences O +were O +not O +observed O +for O +changes O +in O +cholesterol B-Chemical +and O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Ach O +was O +estimated O +by O +bioassay O +on O +rectus O +abdominis O +muscle O +of O +frog O +and O +the O +CHE O +by O +measuring O +the O +drop O +in O +pH O +following O +incubation O +of O +worm O +homogenate O +with O +Ach O +chloride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Ionic O +binding O +of O +aminoglycosides B-Chemical +to O +human O +serum O +albumin O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +divalent O +cations O +. O + +aps B-category +Hydrophobic O +bonds O +between O +albumin O +and O +sisomicin O +or O +streptomycin B-Chemical +can O +be O +excluded O +by O +nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +measurements O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +dependence O +of O +protein O +binding O +suggests O +that O +ionic O +bonds O +are O +involved O +in O +the O +binding O +of O +aminoglycosides B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +were O +as O +follows O +: O +Sisomicin O +: O +delta O +F O +degrees O += O +- O +4189 O +cal O +/ O +mole O +, O +K1 O += O +900 O +1 O +/ O +mole O +, O +n O += O +12 O +; O +Streptomycin B-Chemical +: O +delta O +F O +degrees O += O +3512 O +cal O +/ O +mole O +, O +K1 O += O +300 O +1 O +/ O +mole O +, O +n O += O +17 O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +DSCG O +, O +the O +new O +drug O +exhibits O +the O +distinct O +advantage O +of O +being O +active O +per O +os O +and O +over O +prolonged O +periods O +of O +time O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +, O +pH O +, O +urea B-Chemical +and O +temperature O +. O + +aps B-category +Pre O +- O +treatment O +with O +increasing O +concentrations O +of O +urea B-Chemical +up O +to O +7 O +. O +1 O +M O +increased O +the O +degree O +of O +dissociation O +to O +70 O +% O +after O +h O +at O +room O +temperature O +. O + +aps B-category +Long O +- O +acting O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +, O +without O +offering O +a O +therapeutic O +breakthrough O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +schizophrenia O +, O +are O +nevertheless O +a O +definite O +step O +in O +the O +management O +of O +patients O +with O +this O +disorder O +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +and O +chloride B-Chemical +net O +transport O +in O +isolated O +human O +cornea O +preparations O +were O +found O +to O +be O +pH O +dependent O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +pH O +7 O +. O +4 O +, O +net O +sodium B-Chemical +flux O +did O +not O +differ O +significantly O +from O +zero O +, O +and O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +0 O +, O +net O +sodium B-Chemical +transport O +was O +directed O +toward O +the O +aqueous O +humor O +side O +. O + +aps B-category +Variability O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +of O +normal O +blood O +: O +an O +automated O +method O +of O +measurement O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +muscle O +was O +mounted O +in O +tissue O +baths O +fitted O +with O +platinum B-Chemical +wire O +electrodes O +and O +the O +mechanical O +activity O +was O +recorded O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +normal O +human O +and O +in O +the O +dog O +, O +pretreatment O +with O +histamine B-Chemical +or O +KCl O +changed O +this O +response O +and O +when O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +was O +added O +the O +tissue O +contracted O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +diseased O +tissue O +, O +the O +addition O +of O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +resulted O +in O +a O +contraction O +that O +was O +blocked O +by O +phentolamine B-Chemical +or O +BHC O +and O +no O +pretreatment O +with O +histamine B-Chemical +or O +KCl O +was O +required O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +MIC O +of O +rapamycin B-Chemical +did O +not O +vary O +drastically O +with O +the O +size O +of O +inoculum O +: O +a O +ten O +- O +fold O +dilution O +of O +the O +inoculum O +reduced O +the O +MIC O +only O +two O +- O +fold O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +same O +experimental O +infections O +amphotericin B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +and O +nystatin O +exhibited O +PD50 O +values O +of O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +25 O +mg O +and O +greater O +than O +4 O +, O +000 O +units O +/ O +kg O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +above O +treatment O +was O +extended O +by O +an O +additional O +daily O +treatment O +for O +6 O +days O +, O +rapamycin B-Chemical +by O +the O +subcutaneous O +route O +yielded O +a O +higher O +percentage O +of O +survival O +than O +either O +rapamycin B-Chemical +or O +amphotericin B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +, O +administered O +orally O +, O +after O +a O +30 O +- O +day O +observation O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +specific O +gamma O +- O +aminobutyrate O +( O +GABA B-Chemical +) O +transport O +system O +in O +Escherichia O +coli O +K O +- O +12 O +cells O +with O +a O +K O +( O +m O +) O +of O +12 O +muM O +and O +a O +V O +( O +max O +) O +of O +278 O +nmol O +/ O +ml O +of O +intracellular O +water O +per O +min O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +Mutants O +defective O +in O +GABA B-Chemical +transport O +were O +isolated O +; O +they O +lost O +the O +ability O +to O +utilize O +GABA B-Chemical +as O +a O +nitrogen B-Chemical +source O +, O +although O +the O +activities O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +succinylsemialdehyde I-Chemical +transaminase O +( O +GSST O +) O +( O +EC O +2 O +. O +6 O +. O +1 O +. O +19 O +) O +and O +succinylsemialdehyde O +dehydrogenase O +( O +SSDH O +) O +( O +EC O +1 O +. O +2 O +. O +1 O +. O +16 O +) O +, O +the O +enzymes O +that O +catalyze O +GABA B-Chemical +utilization O +, O +remained O +as O +high O +as O +in O +the O +parental O +CS101B O +strain O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +genetic O +lesions O +resulting O +in O +the O +loss O +of O +GABA B-Chemical +transport O +, O +gabP5 O +and O +gabP9 O +, O +mapped O +in O +the O +gab O +gene O +cluster O +in O +close O +linkage O +to O +gabT O +and O +gabD O +, O +the O +structural O +genes O +of O +GSST O +and O +SSDH O +, O +and O +to O +gabC O +, O +a O +gene O +controlling O +the O +utilization O +of O +GABA B-Chemical +, O +arginine O +, O +putrescine O +, O +and O +ornithine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Experiments O +with O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +( O +EC O +6 O +. O +3 O +. O +1 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Metronidazole B-Chemical +in O +surgical O +infections O +. O + +aps B-category +Chloral O +hydrate O +, O +chloroform B-Chemical +, O +nitrite B-Chemical +, O +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +dinitrophenol O +, O +and O +viologen O +dyes O +( O +compounds O +known O +to O +inhibit O +methanogenesis O +from O +a O +variety O +of O +substrates O +) O +were O +found O +to O +inhibit O +the O +conversion O +of O +methyl O +coenzyme O +M O +to O +methane O +. O + +aps B-category +Phosphorus O +nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +studies O +of O +phosphorus B-Chemical +metabolites O +in O +frog O +muscle O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +decrease O +in O +creatine B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +was O +observed O +in O +the O +resting O +muscle O +under O +anaerobic O +conditions O +with O +a O +concomitant O +decrease O +in O +the O +intracellular O +pH O +, O +while O +the O +ATP O +level O +remained O +constant O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Mutants O +of O +Bacillus O +megaterium O +displaying O +malate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +driven I-Chemical +ATP O +synthesis O +resistant O +to O +uncouplers O +of O +oxidative O +posphorylation O +are O +further O +characterized O +. O + +aps B-category +Despite O +this O +inability O +to O +measure O +ATPase O +activity O +, O +the O +mutants O +demonstrate O +acid O +- O +pulse O +- O +driven O +ATPase O +synthesis O +which O +is O +sensitive O +to O +uncouplers O +as O +well O +as O +malate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +driven I-Chemical +ATP O +synthesis O +which O +becomes O +uncoupler O +sensitive O +at O +pH O +5 O +. O +5 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +sites O +of O +pyridoxylation O +appear O +to O +have O +equal O +affinities O +for O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +P I-Chemical +and O +to O +be O +at O +the O +enzyme O +surface O +, O +freely O +accessible O +to O +solvent O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +the O +feedback O +inhibitors O +, O +AMP O +, O +CTP O +, O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +, O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +, O +and O +carbamyl O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +perturb O +protein O +- O +bound O +pyridoxamine O +- O +P O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +[ O +14C O +] O +methylamine O +distribution O +method O +was O +utilized O +to O +measure O +the O +internal O +pH O +of O +isolated O +serotonin B-Chemical +containing O +granules O +of O +pig O +blood O +platelets O +under O +varying O +conditions O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +known O +that O +the O +H O +( O ++ O +) O +transport O +system O +is O +dependent O +upon O +oxidative O +metabolism O +and O +the O +substrate O +glucose B-Chemical +; O +however O +, O +the O +specific O +biochemical O +events O +resulting O +in O +H O +( O ++ O +) O +translocation O +have O +not O +been O +identified O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +H O +( O ++ O +) O +transport O +was O +inhibited O +by O +either O +the O +application O +of O +an O +opposing O +pH O +gradient O +or O +by O +acetazolamide B-Chemical +, O +glucose B-Chemical +metabolism O +by O +the O +pentose B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +shunt O +declined O +. O + +aps B-category +Glycolytic O +activity O +, O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +was O +invariant O +with O +the O +maneuvers O +which O +altered O +the O +rate O +of O +H O +( O ++ O +) O +transport O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Kinetic O +analysis O +of O +the O +soluble O +enzyme O +prepared O +from O +abdominal O +and O +scrotal O +testes O +yielded O +linear O +Line O +- O +weaver O +- O +Burke O +plots O +for O +both O +enzyme O +preparations O +with O +an O +identical O +K O +( O +m O +) O +for O +guanosine B-Chemical +triphosphate O +, O +but O +a O +three O +- O +fold O +higher O +maximal O +velocity O +for O +the O +abdominal O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +the O +scrotal O +and O +abdominal O +testes O +revealed O +that O +the O +abdominal O +testis O +exhibited O +enhanced O +cGMP B-Chemical +immunofluorescence O +within O +the O +cells O +lining O +the O +inner O +aspect O +of O +the O +seminiferous O +tubule O +as O +well O +as O +tubular O +elements O +and O +interstitial O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Human O +llamas O +: O +adaptation O +to O +altitude O +in O +subjects O +with O +high O +hemoglobin O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +striking O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +normal O +subjects O +, O +at O +moderately O +high O +altitude O +( O +3 O +, O +100 O +m O +) O +the O +high O +affinity O +subjects O +manifested O +: O +( O +a O +) O +lesser O +increments O +in O +resting O +heart O +rate O +; O +( O +b O +) O +minimal O +increases O +in O +plasma O +and O +urinary O +erythropoietin O +; O +( O +c O +) O +no O +decrement O +in O +maximal O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +; O +and O +( O +d O +) O +no O +thrombocytopenia O +. O + +aps B-category +Isolated O +rat O +lungs O +were O +ventilated O +with O +air O +and O +perfused O +with O +a O +blood O +- O +free O +Krebs O +- O +Ringer O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +solution O +under O +conditions O +of O +net O +CO2 O +elimination O +in O +the O +lung O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +properties O +of O +5alpha O +- O +reductase O +have O +been O +compared O +in O +genital O +skin O +fibroblasts O +cultured O +from O +five O +patients O +from O +three O +families O +( O +Los O +Angeles O +, O +Dallas O +, O +and O +Dominican O +Republic O +) O +in O +which O +hereditary O +male O +pseudohermaphroditism O +has O +been O +established O +to O +result O +from O +deficient O +conversion O +of O +testosterone B-Chemical +to O +dihydrotestosterone O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +the O +enzyme O +is O +not O +protected O +against O +denaturation O +at O +45 O +degrees O +C O +by O +concentrations O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +that O +stabilize O +normal O +5alpha O +- O +reductase O +, O +and O +in O +intact O +fibroblasts O +from O +these O +patients O +( O +but O +not O +from O +controls O +) O +, O +enzyme O +activity O +decreases O +promptly O +when O +protein O +synthesis O +is O +inhibited O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +the O +mutations O +in O +the O +Dallas O +and O +Dominican O +Republic O +families O +are O +similar O +and O +result O +in O +low O +activity O +of O +the O +enzyme O +as O +the O +result O +of O +a O +decreased O +affinity O +for O +testosterone B-Chemical +. O +Thus O +, O +two O +distinct O +types O +of O +mutations O +can O +produce O +male O +pseudohermaphroditism O +due O +to O +deficient O +dihydrotestosterone O +formation O +. O + +aps B-category +Single O +0 O +. O +5 O +- O +mg O +doses O +of O +digoxin B-Chemical +tablets O +and O +15 O +- O +mg O +doses O +of O +clorazepate O +were O +administered O +in O +the O +fasting O +state O +. O + +aps B-category +weight O +- O +normalized O +area O +under O +the O +24 O +- O +hour O +plasma O +digoxin B-Chemical +concentration O +curve O +( O +WtN O +- O +AUC O +- O +24 O +) O +in O +the O +patients O +( O +722 O ++ O +/ O +- O +40 O +ng O +/ O +ml O +- O +hr O +- O +kg O +) O +was O +similar O +to O +that O +in O +five O +normal O +controls O +( O +713 O ++ O +/ O +- O +57 O +ng O +/ O +ml O +- O +hr O +- O +kg O +) O +, O +but O +24 O +- O +hour O +urinary O +excretion O +of O +digoxin B-Chemical +in O +patients O +( O +54 O +. O +5 O ++ O +/ O +- O +4 O +. O +4 O +microgram O +) O +was O +significantly O +less O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +025 O +) O +than O +in O +controls O +( O +83 O +. O +4 O ++ O +/ O +- O +11 O +. O +4 O +microgram O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +30 O +- O +min O +free O +- O +operant O +tests O +, O +the O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptor O +blockers O +pimozide O +( O +. O +125 O +, O +. O +25 O +, O +and O +. O +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +and O +( O ++ O +) O +- O +butaclamol O +( O +. O +1 O +, O +. O +2 O +, O +and O +. O +4 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +attenuated O +lever O +pressing O +for O +lateral O +hypothalamic O +brain O +stimulation O +. O + +aps B-category +Selective O +sensitivity O +to O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +of O +regulatory O +functions O +that O +determine O +the O +magnitude O +of O +the O +antibody O +response O +to O +type O +III O +pneumococcal O +polysaccharide O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +present O +work O +, O +we O +have O +evaluated O +the O +effect O +of O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +on O +three O +different O +immunoregulatory O +functions O +that O +can O +influence O +the O +magnitude O +of O +an O +antibody O +response O +to O +Type O +III O +pneumococcal O +polysaccharide O +( O +SSS O +- O +III O +) O +in O +mice O +; O +these O +functions O +include O +suppressor O +, O +amplifier O +, O +and O +helper O +activity O +that O +are O +dependent O +upon O +the O +presence O +of O +distinct O +subpopulations O +of O +thymus O +- O +derived O +( O +T O +) O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +But O +, O +under O +the O +same O +experimental O +conditions O +, O +suppressor O +and O +amplifier O +T O +cell O +activities O +were O +unaffected O +, O +even O +in O +this O +steroid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +species O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Higher O +concentrations O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +( O +20 O +to O +65 O +mM O +) O +mixed O +with O +rIn O +: O +rCn O +were O +associated O +with O +increased O +cytotoxicity O +and O +a O +more O +acidic O +medium O +, O +but O +were O +effective O +in O +enhancing O +interferon B-Chemical +production O +if O +preparations O +were O +adjusted O +to O +a O +uniform O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +with O +chronic O +renal O +disease O +had O +low O +plasma O +total O +tryptophan B-Chemical +but O +an O +abnormally O +high O +proportion O +of O +this O +was O +in O +the O +free O +state O +. O + +aps B-category +CSF O +tryptophan B-Chemical +correlated O +better O +with O +plasma O +free O +than O +with O +plasma O +total O +tryptophan B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +investigations O +of O +the O +influence O +of O +various O +naloxone B-Chemical +doses O +on O +the O +newborn O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +wetting O +of O +powders O +of O +acetylsalicylic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +salicylic O +acid O +, O +phenacetin B-Chemical +and O +paracetamol B-Chemical +has O +been O +assessed O +using O +methanol O +- O +- O +water O +mixtures O +to O +give O +a O +range O +of O +surface O +tensions O +. O + +aps B-category +Significant O +correlation O +in O +11 O +different O +1 O +, O +4 O +- O +benzodiazepinones O +has O +been O +established O +between O +log O +k2 O +( O +the O +second O +order O +rate O +constant O +for O +the O +reduction O +of O +the O +" O +azepinones O +" O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +borohydride O +) O +and O +their O +ED50 O +against O +leptazol O +- O +induced O +seizures O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +antidepressant B-Chemical +drug O +amitriptyline B-Chemical +and O +two O +of O +its O +metabolites O +, O +nortriptyline B-Chemical +and O +desmethylnortriptyline O +, O +each O +containing O +two O +13C O +atoms O +, O +have O +been O +used O +to O +determine O +the O +sensitivity O +and O +selectivity O +of O +13C O +- O +nmr O +spectroscopy O +for O +the O +detection O +of O +unchanged O +amitriptyline B-Chemical +and O +N O +- O +desmethyl O +metabolites O +in O +the O +urine O +of O +animals O +dosed O +orally O +with O +the O +labelled O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +between O +spontaneously O +beating O +atria O +from O +control O +and O +streptozocin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +diabetic I-Chemical +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Diabetic O +atria O +were O +found O +to O +have O +reduced O +rates O +, O +increased O +forces O +of O +contraction O +and O +reduced O +sensitivity O +to O +the O +inotropic O +effects O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +, O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +, O +tyramine O +and O +calcium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Elevation O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +concentration O +in O +the O +medium O +from O +5 O +. O +6 O +to O +27 O +mM O +resulted O +in O +decrease O +of O +inotropic O +sensitivity O +to O +the O +agents O +used O +in O +both O +control O +and O +diabetic O +rat O +atria O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +some O +analgesic O +and O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +on O +the O +spasmogenic O +actions O +of O +substance O +P O +on O +guinea O +- O +pig O +ileum O +. O + +aps B-category +Haloperidol B-Chemical +inhibits O +the O +disappearance O +of O +acidic O +dopamine B-Chemical +metabolites O +from O +rat O +striatum O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +on O +the O +activity O +of O +11beta O +- O +hydroxysteroid O +dehydrogenase O +in O +the O +foetal O +rabbit O +lung O +during O +the O +final O +stage O +of O +gestation O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +on O +non O +- O +adrenergic O +inhibitory O +responses O +of O +the O +guinea O +- O +pig O +taenia O +coli O +. O + +aps B-category +Action O +of O +chloroquine B-Chemical +on O +pleurisy O +due O +to O +Bordetella O +pertussis O +hypersensitivity O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effect O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +on O +the O +microsomal O +lipid O +peroxidation O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +the O +soluble O +fraction O +of O +rat O +liver O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +similar O +intramolecular O +hydrogen B-Chemical +bond O +in O +the O +monocation O +is O +not O +spectroscopically O +visible O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +on O +the O +solubility O +of O +naproxen B-Chemical +and O +its O +salts O +were O +in O +excellent O +agreement O +with O +the O +theoretical O +profiles O +describing O +the O +relationship O +between O +pH O +values O +of O +the O +solutions O +and O +the O +dissociation O +constant O +of O +the O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +new O +compound O +antagonized O +the O +cardiovascular O +effects O +, O +such O +as O +positive O +chronotropic O +, O +positive O +inotropic O +, O +or O +depressor O +arterial O +blood O +pressure O +responses O +, O +elicited O +by O +intravenous O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +; O +it O +was O +9 O +- O +- O +14 O +times O +as O +potent O +as O +propranolol B-Chemical +in O +anesthetized O +open O +chest O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +about O +five O +times O +as O +potent O +as O +propranolol B-Chemical +in O +this O +test O +, O +with O +maximal O +action O +after O +1 O +hr O +, O +and O +its O +duration O +was O +significantly O +longer O +than O +that O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +rapid O +, O +sensitive O +, O +and O +specific O +method O +of O +analysis O +for O +atenolol B-Chemical +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +Atenolol O +and O +metoprolol B-Chemical +are O +extracted O +into O +1 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +butanol I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +benzene I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +An O +ATPase O +dependent O +, O +radiosensitive O +acidic O +microclimate O +essential O +for O +intestinal O +folate B-Chemical +absorption O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +maximum O +folate B-Chemical +transport O +which O +occurred O +at O +pH O +4 O +. O +0 O +was O +not O +adversely O +affected O +by O +whole O +body O +irradiation O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +could O +hydrolyse O +solution O +phase O +ATP O +and O +thus O +generate O +the O +protons O +necessary O +for O +the O +acidification O +of O +a O +microenvironment O +where O +passive O +uptake O +of O +the O +neutral O +folate B-Chemical +species O +could O +occur O +. O +7 O +. O + +aps B-category +Na O +azide O +did O +not O +inhibit O +folate B-Chemical +transport O +at O +pH O +4 O +. O +0 O +, O +suggesting O +that O +its O +inhibition O +of O +folate B-Chemical +uptake O +at O +pH O +6 O +. O +5 O +is O +related O +to O +its O +inhibitory O +effect O +on O +ATPase O +, O +rather O +than O +on O +folate B-Chemical +transport O +per O +se O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +series O +of O +hexahydro O +[ O +1 O +, O +4 O +] O +oxazino O +[ O +3 O +, O +4 O +- O +a O +] O +isoquinolines O +as O +potential O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +few O +closely O +related O +amides O +of O +the O +trans O +series O +were O +active O +but O +cis O +amides O +were O +inactive O +as O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +ATN O +( O +2 O +micron O +) O +was O +found O +to O +be O +inactive O +in O +these O +experiments O +which O +shows O +the O +importance O +of O +the O +catechol B-Chemical +function O +in O +this O +uptake O +- O +- O +release O +process O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +biodistribution O +in O +rats O +, O +determined O +at O +15 O +and O +60 O +min O +postinjection O +, O +indicated O +that O +the O +radioiodinated O +analogues O +of O +the O +cardioselective O +drugs O +practolol O +and O +acebutolol O +localized O +to O +a O +greater O +degree O +in O +the O +liver O +and O +heart O +than O +the O +analogue O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +synthesized O +2 O +' O +( O +3 O +' O +) O +- O +O O +- O +( O +glycyl O +) O +- B-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +' O +- O +( O +O O +- O +methylphosphate O +) O +, O +an O +analogue O +of O +the O +3 O +' O +- O +terminus O +of O +aminoacylated O +tRNA O +. O + +aps B-category +Under O +the O +same O +conditions O +, O +glycine B-Chemical +ethyl O +ester O +reacts O +much O +more O +slowly O +, O +but O +ultimately O +gives O +similar O +yields O +of O +diglycine O +and O +diketopiperazine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +induced O +reactivity O +was O +inhibited O +by O +the O +muscarinic O +cholinergic O +antagonists O +atropine B-Chemical +, O +scopolamine B-Chemical +, O +and O +isopropamide O +, O +but O +not O +by O +the O +nicotinic O +antagonist O +d O +- O +tubocurare O +, O +and O +it O +appeared O +to O +involve O +both O +T O +- O +cell O +and O +non O +- O +T O +- O +cell O +effectors O +. O + +aps B-category +MDHV O +- O +B O +was O +resistant O +to O +trypsin O +under O +conditions O +where O +MDHV O +- O +A O +was O +sensitive O +, O +but O +was O +similar O +to O +MDHV O +- O +A O +in O +resistance O +to O +pH O +2 O +. O +0 O +and O +to O +1 O +. O +0 O +or O +2 O +. O +0 O +M O +urea B-Chemical +and O +0 O +. O +05 O +% O +Brij O +35 O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +isoelectric O +point O +difference O +of O +greater O +than O +2 O +pH O +units O +makes O +isoelectric O +focusing O +an O +effective O +means O +of O +purifying O +the O +antigens O +free O +of O +one O +another O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +less O +phosphorylated O +NS1 O +species O +contained O +about O +10 O +% O +fewer O +phosphate B-Chemical +residues O +than O +the O +second O +species O +, O +NS2 O +. O + +aps B-category +Antisecretory O +effect O +of O +imidazole O +and O +its O +derivatives O +in O +an O +isolated O +gastric O +mucosa O +preparation O +and O +an O +anesthetized O +young O +chicken O +preparation O +; O +comparison O +with O +a O +histamine B-Chemical +H2 O +- O +receptor O +antagonist O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stimulatory O +action O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +or O +dibutyryl O +cyclic O +AMP O +was O +also O +remarkably O +depressed O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +imidazole O +( O +3 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +g O +/ O +ml O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Imidazole O +protected O +the O +histamine B-Chemical +sensitivity O +against O +dibenamine O +blockade O +in O +the O +concentration O +of O +5 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +g O +/ O +ml O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +the O +imidazole O +derivatives O +and O +several O +antagonists O +( O +metiamide O +, O +atropine B-Chemical +, O +diphenhydramine B-Chemical +, O +acetazolamide B-Chemical +and O +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +dinitrophenol O +) O +on O +acid O +production O +were O +compared O +with O +that O +of O +imidazole O +. O + +aps B-category +Nonspecific O +relaxation O +of O +intestinal O +smooth O +muscle O +induced O +by O +antispasmodics O +and O +movement O +of O +Calcium B-Chemical +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +Maximizing O +phosphate B-Chemical +capacity O +of O +aluminum B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +based I-Chemical +gels O +. O + +aps B-category +Aspirin B-Chemical +and O +the O +gastric O +mucosa O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +human O +fibroblast O +cell O +line O +WI O +- O +38 O +shows O +a O +gradual O +decline O +in O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +specific O +activity O +with O +increasing O +age O +in O +culture O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +possible O +explanation O +for O +these O +observations O +is O +that O +alterations O +in O +the O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +molecule O +occur O +with O +increasing O +age O +of O +WI O +- O +38 O +cells O +in O +culture O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Cholesterol B-Chemical +pneumonia O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Catecholamine B-Chemical +receptors O +and O +cyclic O +AMP O +formation O +in O +the O +central O +nervous O +system O +: O +effects O +of O +tetrahydroisoquinoline O +derivatives O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +assessment O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptor O +blockade O +. O + +aps B-category +Correlation O +between O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +haloperidol I-Chemical +binding O +in O +the O +striatum O +and O +brain O +amine B-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +the O +rat O +after O +treatment O +with O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +comparison O +between O +the O +conformation O +of O +dexclamol O +and O +the O +tricyclic O +and O +butyrophenone O +type O +dopamine B-Chemical +antagonists O +. O + +aps B-category +Tolerance O +to O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activation O +in O +n O +. O +accumbens O +and O +c O +. O +striatum O +after O +repeated O +injections O +of O +" O +classical O +" O +and O +" O +atypical O +" O +antischizophrenic O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +dopaminergic O +agonists O +and O +antagonists O +on O +cerebellar O +guanosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +( O +cGMP B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +on O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +haloperidol I-Chemical +and O +3H O +- O +cis O +( O +Z O +) O +- O +flupenthixol O +binding O +and O +on O +adenylate O +cyclase O +activity O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +Selective O +labeling O +of O +pre O +- O +synaptic O +receptors O +by O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopamine I-Chemical +, O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +apomorphine I-Chemical +and O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +clonidine I-Chemical +; O +labeling O +of O +post O +- O +synaptic O +sites O +by O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +neuroleptics I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +comparison O +of O +the O +effects O +of O +anti O +- O +psychotic O +drugs O +on O +pituitary O +, O +striatal O +and O +limbic O +system O +post O +- O +synaptic O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +chronic O +treatment O +with O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +on O +the O +content O +of O +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +cyclic O +guanosine B-Chemical +monophosphate O +in O +cerebellar O +cortex O +of O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +induction O +of O +deciduoma O +by O +acute O +administration O +of O +antibody O +to O +progesterone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +multienzyme O +complex O +of O +carbamoyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +synthase O +( O +glutamine B-Chemical +) O +: O +aspartate B-Chemical +carbamoyltransferase O +: O +dihydoorotase O +( O +rat O +ascites O +hepatoma O +cells O +and O +rat O +liver O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Carriers O +of O +Types O +6A O +and O +19A O +penicillin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +pneumococci O +, O +resistant O +to O +antibiotic O +concentrations O +ranging O +between O +0 O +. O +12 O +and O +4 O +microgram O +per O +milliliter O +were O +found O +in O +29 O +per O +cent O +of O +543 O +pediatric O +patients O +and O +2 O +per O +cent O +of O +434 O +hospital O +staff O +members O +. O + +aps B-category +Isolates O +from O +40 O +other O +carriers O +were O +resistant O +to O +penicillin B-Chemical +alone O +or O +to O +penicillin B-Chemical +and O +chloramphenicol B-Chemical +or O +to O +penicillin B-Chemical +, O +chloramphenicol B-Chemical +and O +tetracycline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Polygalacturonase O +, O +biomass O +, O +and O +ascospore O +production O +by O +four O +strains O +of O +Byssochlamys O +fulva O +cultured O +in O +laboratory O +media O +supplemented O +with O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +sucrose B-Chemical +, O +or O +fructose O +was O +studied O +over O +a O +20 O +- O +day O +incubation O +period O +at O +30 O +degrees O +C O +. O +The O +production O +of O +polygalacturonase O +was O +variable O +, O +but O +most O +activity O +was O +detected O +between O +4 O +and O +8 O +days O +in O +1 O +% O +sugar O +media O +at O +an O +initial O +pH O +of O +4 O +or O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +Soluble O +bovine O +adrenal O +cortex O +guanylate O +cyclase O +: O +effect O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +nitroprusside I-Chemical +, O +nitrosamines O +, O +and O +hydrophobic O +ligands O +on O +activity O +, O +substrate O +specificity O +and O +cation O +requirement O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Neuroleptics B-Chemical +with O +prolonged O +action O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +present O +, O +there O +are O +several O +long O +- O +acting O +derivatives O +of O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +, O +e O +. O +g O +. O + +aps B-category +perphenazine O +, O +fluphenazine B-Chemical +and O +pipothiazine O +. O + +aps B-category +Role O +of O +dopaminergic O +systems O +in O +tolerance O +to O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +inhibition O +of O +food O +consumption O +. O + +aps B-category +Influence O +of O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +on O +the O +binding O +of O +met O +- O +enkephalin O +, O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +dihydromorphine O +to O +synaptosome O +- O +enriched O +fractions O +of O +rat O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Turnover O +rates O +of O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +in O +substantia O +nigra O +, O +N O +. O +caudatus O +, O +globus O +pallidus O +and O +N O +. O +accumbens O +of O +rats O +injected O +with O +cataleptogenic O +and O +non O +- O +cataleptogenic O +antipsychotics O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Study O +of O +the O +antispastic O +activity O +of O +prifinium O +bromide B-Chemical +in O +motor O +dysfunction O +of O +the O +esophagus O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Bone O +marrow O +transplantation O +in O +a O +case O +of O +severe O +combined O +immunodeficiency O +with O +adenosine B-Chemical +deaminase O +deficiency O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +smooth O +muscles O +were O +particularly O +sensitive O +to O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +majority O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +receptors O +seemed O +to O +be O +the O +D O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +very O +likely O +that O +, O +in O +the O +lymphatics O +, O +there O +were O +2 O +kinds O +of O +receptors O +for O +catecholamines B-Chemical +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +decreasing O +order O +of O +the O +relaxant O +responses O +was O +as O +follows O +: O +ISP O +greater O +than O +adenosine B-Chemical +greater O +than O +ATP O +greater O +than O +ADP O +greater O +cyclic O +AMP O +greater O +than O +or O +equal O +to O +AMP O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +high O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +of O +fetal O +blood O +in O +rabbits O +is O +due O +to O +a O +very O +low O +concentration O +of O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +diphosphoglycerate O +( O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +DPG O +) O +in O +the O +red O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +in O +a O +solution O +containing O +inosine O +, O +pyruvate B-Chemical +and O +inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +the O +amount O +of O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +DPG O +synthetized O +in O +fetal O +red O +cells O +was O +only O +40 O +% O +of O +the O +adult O +value O +and O +3 O +- O +PGA O +was O +not O +measurable O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +higher O +activity O +of O +PK O +will O +lead B-Chemical +to O +a O +decreased O +concentration O +of O +3 O +- O +PGA O +with O +a O +consecutive O +fall O +in O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +DPG O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +same O +holds O +for O +extraerythrocytic O +factors O +like O +glucose B-Chemical +concentration O +or O +pH O +value O +in O +fetal O +blood O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +factor O +is O +critically O +dependent O +on O +the O +ratio O +of O +the O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +change O +in O +extracellular O +brain O +fluid O +to O +that O +in O +arterial O +blood O +. O + +aps B-category +Correlation O +of O +the O +biological O +activity O +and O +solution O +conformation O +of O +[ O +Asp1 O +, O +Ile5 O +] O +- O +and O +[ O +Phe4 O +, O +Tyr8 O +] O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +shown O +by O +carbon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +13 I-Chemical +NMR O +that O +the O +conformational O +transition O +involves O +all O +- O +trans O +to O +partly O +cis O +isomerization O +of O +the O +His6 O +- O +Pro7 O +peptide O +bond O +. O + +aps B-category +Isomerization O +from O +all O +- O +trans O +at O +pH O +6 O +. O +8 O +to O +approximately O +16 O +% O +cis O +at O +pH O +8 O +. O +0 O +in O +the O +competitive O +inhibitor O +[ O +Phe4 O +, O +Tyr8 O +] O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +is O +correlated O +with O +exhibition O +of O +virtually O +no O +agonist O +activity O +at O +low O +pH O +to O +full O +agonist O +activity O +at O +high O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Role O +of O +a O +transmembrane O +pH O +gradient O +in O +epinephrine B-Chemical +transport O +by O +chromaffin O +granule O +membrane O +vesicles O +. O + +aps B-category +Moreover O +, O +an O +artificially O +imposed O +pH O +gradient O +( O +interior O +acid O +) O +is O +able O +to O +drive O +this O +reserpine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +transport O +system O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +ATP O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +findings O +provide O +a O +strong O +indication O +that O +a O +pH O +gradient O +( O +interior O +acid O +) O +is O +the O +immediate O +driving O +force O +for O +epinephrine B-Chemical +uptake O +in O +these O +storage O +granules O +and O +suggest O +that O +ATP O +- O +driven O +epinephrine B-Chemical +transport O +is O +the O +result O +of O +two O +processes O +: O +( O +i O +) O +generation O +of O +a O +proton O +electrochemical O +gradient O +( O +interior O +acid O +and O +positive O +) O +by O +the O +membrane O +- O +bound O +, O +proton O +- O +translocating O +ATPase O +; O +and O +( O +ii O +) O +pH O +gradient O +- O +driven O +accumulation O +of O +the O +catecholamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Intracellular O +calcium B-Chemical +and O +the O +regulation O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +transport O +in O +the O +frog O +skin O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +on O +three O +organ O +systems O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +combination O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +with O +histamine B-Chemical +H2 O +- O +receptor O +blockers O +, O +however O +, O +may O +be O +of O +therapeutic O +benefit O +and O +may O +reduce O +this O +complication O +as O +well O +as O +thrombosis O +. O + +aps B-category +New O +enzymic O +assays O +for O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +adenylytransferase O +and O +its O +regulatory O +protein O +PIIA O +. O + +aps B-category +Colloid O +titration O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +using O +Cat O +- O +Floc O +( O +polydiallyldimethyl O +ammonium B-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +) O +as O +standard O +polycation O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Equi O +- O +analgesic O +doses O +of O +dextromoramide O +, O +phenoperidine O +and O +Fentanyl B-Chemical +are O +less O +than O +those O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +, O +whilst O +those O +of O +pethidine B-Chemical +and O +pentazocine B-Chemical +are O +higher O +. O + +aps B-category +Morphine B-Chemical +antagonists O +such O +as O +Methadone B-Chemical +, O +nalophine O +, O +naloxone B-Chemical +and O +naltrexone O +possess O +specific O +problems O +in O +terms O +of O +their O +utilization O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Morphine B-Chemical +analgesia O +: O +neurobiologic O +data O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +A B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Morphine I-Chemical +has O +a O +direct O +depressive O +action O +at O +a O +spinal O +level O +on O +the O +activity O +of O +neurones O +of O +the O +grey O +matter O +of O +the O +dorsal O +horn O +which O +run O +towards O +the O +higher O +centres O +of O +the O +encephalon O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +killing O +of O +Peptostreptococcus O +anaerobius O +VPI O +4330 O +- O +1 O +was O +high O +in O +media O +that O +rapidly O +autoxidized O +and O +accumulated O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +media O +that O +contained O +phosphate B-Chemical +and O +glucose B-Chemical +had O +a O +tendency O +to O +accumulate O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +the O +other O +substances O +heated O +in O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +, O +only O +alpha O +- O +hydroxycarbonyl O +compounds O +autoxidized O +with O +accumulation O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +indicated O +that O +superoxide B-Chemical +radicals O +were O +generated O +in O +these O +media O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ezyme O +4 O +, O +5 O +- O +dihydroxyphthalate O +decarboxylase O +, O +catalyzing O +the O +conversion O +of O +4 O +, O +5 O +- O +dihydroxyphthalate O +to O +protocatechuate O +and O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +, O +was O +purified O +approximately O +130 O +- O +fold O +from O +phthalate O +- O +induced O +cells O +of O +a O +protocatechuate O +4 O +, O +5 O +- O +dioxygenase O +- O +deficient O +mutant O +of O +P O +. O +testosteroni O +. O + +aps B-category +Whereas O +the O +wild O +- O +type O +strain O +could O +utilize O +4 O +- O +hydroxyphthalate O +as O +a O +sole O +source O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +, O +none O +of O +the O +following O +could O +grow O +with O +the O +compound O +: O +4 O +, O +5 O +- O +dihydroxyphthalate O +decarboxylase O +- O +deficient O +, O +m O +- O +hydroxybenzoate O +- O +nondegradable O +, O +and O +protocatechuate O +4 O +, O +5 O +- O +dioxygenase O +- O +deficient O +mutants O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +spoilage O +bacteria O +growing O +on O +such O +meat O +immediately O +attack O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +so O +that O +spoilage O +odors O +and O +ammonia B-Chemical +are O +detectable O +at O +comparatively O +low O +cell O +densities O +( O +about O +10 O +( O +6 O +) O +/ O +cm2 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Preliminary O +studies O +on O +the O +absorption O +of O +etherylate O +, O +benorylate O +and O +acetylsalicylic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Platelet O +aggregation O +inhibition O +provoked O +by O +eterilate O +, O +benorylate O +and O +their O +molecular O +components O +, O +in O +comparison O +with O +acetylsalicylic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Anti O +- O +inflammatory O +and O +analgesic O +effects O +of O +eterilate O +, O +benorylate O +and O +acetylsalicylic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Pharmacodynamic O +interaction O +between O +amiodarone B-Chemical +and O +the O +beta O +- O +sympathomimetics O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effect O +of O +dibenzepin O +hydrochloride O +on O +oxygen B-Chemical +and O +glucose B-Chemical +consumption O +and O +oxidative O +phosphorylation O +of O +rat O +brain O +in O +vitro O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +nucleoside B-Chemical +diphosphatase O +also O +has O +an O +acid O +pH O +optimum O +but O +displays O +a O +much O +higher O +affinity O +for O +substrate O +( O +KM O +congurent O +to O +50 O +micrometer O +) O +, O +is O +unstable O +to O +heating O +and O +is O +activated O +by O +Ca O +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incorporation O +of O +succinate O +into O +glutamate B-Chemical +( O += O +alpha O +- O +ketoglutarate O +) O +, O +aspartate B-Chemical +( O += O +oxaloacetate B-Chemical +) O +and O +alanine B-Chemical +( O += O +pyruvate B-Chemical +) O +was O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +glutamate B-Chemical +was O +found O +to O +be O +labelled O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +finding O +that O +succinate O +was O +not O +incorporated O +into O +alanine B-Chemical +and O +aspartate B-Chemical +excludes O +that O +oxaloacetate B-Chemical +and O +pyruvate B-Chemical +are O +synthesized O +from O +alpha O +- O +ketoglutarate O +via O +isocitrate O +or O +citrate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +and O +cellobiose O +repressed O +the O +cellulase O +formation O +but O +a O +low O +carboxymethylcellulase O +activity O +was O +measurable O +on O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +grown I-Chemical +mycelium O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +sterile O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +mineral I-Chemical +salts O +broth O +was O +inoculated O +with O +conidia O +of O +Penicillium O +rubrum O +P O +- O +13 O +and O +P O +- O +3290 O +. O + +aps B-category +Incorporation O +of O +[ O +1 O +( O +14 O +) O +C O +] O +acetate O +and O +[ O +2 O +( O +14 O +) O +C O +] O +malonate O +increased O +when O +exogenous O +unlabeled O +acetate O +, O +malonate O +, O +pyruvate B-Chemical +, O +or O +phosphoenol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +pyruvate I-Chemical +was O +added O +. O + +aps B-category +Utilization O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +by O +dadR O +mutants O +of O +Salmonella O +typhimurium O +. O + +aps B-category +Growth O +on O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +, O +D O +- O +histidine O +and O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methionine I-Chemical +used O +as O +precursors O +of O +the O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +was O +faster O +when O +the O +respective O +auxotrophs O +carried O +dadR O +mutations O +. O + +aps B-category +Experiments O +with O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +in O +vitro O +provided O +evidence O +that O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +is O +its O +substrate O +with O +a O +very O +low O +affinity O +to O +the O +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +Morning O +prolactin O +and O +clinical O +symptomatology O +were O +measured O +in O +15 O +schizophrenic O +patients O +before O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +therapy O +, O +and O +after O +three O +and O +six O +weeks O +of O +high O +- O +dose O +butaperazine O +or O +loxapine O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +, O +however O +, O +no O +correlation O +between O +magnitude O +of O +prolactin O +changes O +and O +clinical O +response O +, O +probably O +because O +the O +prolactin O +response O +achieved O +a O +maximum O +at O +relatively O +low O +doses O +of O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +this O +enzyme O +in O +erythrocytes O +is O +of O +particular O +interest O +, O +because O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cysteine I-Chemical +serves O +as O +a O +substrate O +for O +both O +gamma O +- O +glutamylcyclotransferase O +and O +glutathione B-Chemical +synthetase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +was O +shown O +to O +be O +an O +acidic O +glycoprotein O +( O +20 O +% O +sugar O +by O +weight O +) O +which O +contained O +low O +amounts O +of O +cysteine B-Chemical +and O +no O +sialic O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +same O +five O +fragments O +were O +also O +formed O +by O +boiling O +the O +enzyme O +for O +brief O +periods O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulphate O +or O +urea B-Chemical +either O +with O +or O +without O +reducing O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +Ionizations O +of O +the O +enzyme O +- O +reduced O +- O +coenzyme O +complex O +and O +a O +comparison O +with O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +ionizing O +groups O +were O +observed O +in O +the O +binding O +of O +both O +reduced O +coenzymes O +to O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +one O +ionization O +is O +required O +to O +characterize O +the O +binding O +of O +the O +two O +reduced O +coenzymes O +to O +malate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +important O +feature O +of O +immobilized O +tirazine O +dyes O +seems O +to O +be O +their O +high O +operational O +capacities O +when O +compared O +with O +group O +- O +specific O +nucleotide B-Chemical +adsorbents O +. O + +aps B-category +Human O +carbonmonoxy O +- O +and O +deoxy O +- O +haemoglobins O +were O +incubated O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +in O +3H2O O +at O +various O +pH O +values O +to O +measure O +the O +pH O +- O +dependent O +hydrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tritium I-Chemical +exchange O +at O +the O +C O +- O +2 O +position O +of O +the O +imidazole O +ring O +of O +histidine O +- O +122alpha O +. O + +aps B-category +Rat O +liver O +homogenate O +was O +incubated O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +with O +thyroxine B-Chemical +, O +3 O +, O +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +- O +tri O +- O +iodothyronine O +, O +3 O +, O +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +tri O +- O +iodothyronine O +or O +3 O +, O +3 O +' O +- O +di O +- O +iodothyronine O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +2 O +) O +Accumulation O +of O +3 O +, O +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +tri O +- O +iodothyronine O +on O +incubation O +of O +thyroxine B-Chemical +with O +homogenate O +was O +only O +observed O +above O +pH O +8 O +. O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +3 O +) O +Monodeiodination O +of O +the O +tyrosine B-Chemical +ring O +of O +3 O +, O +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +- O +tri O +- O +iodothyronine O +was O +the O +slowest O +reaction O +, O +was O +optimal O +at O +pH O +8 O +. O +0 O +and O +was O +less O +affected O +by O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +and O +6 O +- O +propyl O +- O +2 O +- O +thiouracil O +than O +the O +above O +reactions O +. O + +aps B-category +Under O +optimal O +ionic O +conditions O +( O +4 O +mM O +- O +MnCl2 O +) O +the O +specific O +activity O +of O +guanylate O +cyclase O +in O +fresh O +platelet O +lysates O +was O +about O +10nmol O +of O +cyclic O +GMP O +formed O +/ O +20 O +min O +per O +mg O +of O +protein O +at O +30 O +degrees O +C O +. O +Activity O +was O +15 O +% O +of O +optimum O +with O +10mM O +- O +MgCl2 O +and O +negligible O +with O +4mM B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +CaCl2 I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Pretreatment O +of O +lysate O +with O +indomethacin B-Chemical +did O +not O +inhibit O +this O +effect O +of O +arachidonate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +subcellular O +distribution O +of O +nine O +glycosidases O +were O +studied O +in O +fractions O +of O +homogenized O +human O +polymorphonuclear O +leucocytes O +( O +neutrophils O +) O +obtained O +by O +isopycnic O +centrifugation O +through O +linear O +sucrose B-Chemical +density O +gradients O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +thyrotropin B-Chemical +binding O +to O +human O +thyroid O +plasma O +membranes O +by O +thyroid O +hormones O +and O +" O +reverse O +triiodothyronine O +" O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relation O +of O +the O +pH O +and O +concentration O +- O +dependent O +dissociation O +of O +porcine O +heart O +mitochondrial O +malate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +Inactivation O +of O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +transpeptidase O +by O +phenylmethanesulfonyl O +fluoride B-Chemical +, O +a O +specific O +inactivator O +of O +serine O +enzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +novel O +synthesis O +of O +ceramide O +from O +lignoceric O +acid O +and O +sphingosine O +by O +rat O +brain O +preparation O +; O +the O +amide O +formation O +requires O +a O +pyridine O +nucleotide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulation O +of O +guanylate O +cyclase O +activity O +in O +cultured O +osteogenic O +murine O +calvarial O +mesenchymal O +cells O +by O +PTH O +, O +calcitonin B-Chemical +and O +insulin O +. O + +aps B-category +Differential O +rates O +of O +proton O +exchange O +for O +the O +guanidinium O +nitrogens O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +determined O +by O +natural O +- O +abundance O +nitrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +15 I-Chemical +nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +spectroscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +Proton O +translocation O +associated O +with O +anaerobic O +transhydrogenation O +from O +glycerol O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +to O +fumarate O +in O +Escherichia O +coli O +. O + +aps B-category +Structure O +- O +binding O +- O +activity O +analysis O +of O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +amines B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +II I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Neurotransmitter O +modulation O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stimulated I-Chemical +increases O +in O +cyclic O +AMP O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +on O +isoenzymes O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +and O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +in O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +antihypertensive O +effect O +of O +a O +new O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +blocking O +agent O +, O +trimepranol O +( O +10 O +- O +- O +14 O +mg O +/ O +twice O +daily O +) O +, O +chlorthalidone B-Chemical +( O +50 O +mg O +every O +second O +day O +) O +and O +their O +combination O +was O +studied O +in O +eighteen O +patients O +with O +mild O +to O +moderate O +essential O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +Trimepranol O +significantly O +antagonized O +the O +chlorthalidone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +hypokalemia O +. O + +aps B-category +Hepatic O +ketone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +body I-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +developing O +sheep O +and O +pregnant O +ewes O +. O + +aps B-category +Secondly O +, O +the O +sulfate O +ester O +analogue O +of O +dihydroxyacetone O +phosphate B-Chemical +( O +dihydroxyacetone O +sulfate O +) O +, O +which O +exists O +only O +as O +a O +monoanion O +over O +the O +pH O +range O +of O +interest O +, O +has O +been O +shown O +not O +to O +bind O +detectably O +to O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +dependence O +of O +buffer O +catalysis O +of O +exchange O +of O +the O +C O +- O +4 O +amino B-Chemical +protons O +of O +cyclic O +cytosine B-Chemical +2 O +' O +, O +3 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +( O +cCMP O +) O +and O +the O +N O +- O +1 O +proton O +of O +cyclic O +guanosine B-Chemical +2 O +' O +, O +3 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +( O +cGMP B-Chemical +) O +conforms O +to O +an O +exchange O +mechanism O +, O +in O +which O +protonation O +of O +the O +nucleobases O +at O +C O +( O +N O +- O +3 O +) O +AND O +G O +( O +N O +- O +7 O +) O +establishes O +the O +important O +intermediates O +at O +neutral O +to O +acidic O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +estimates O +reveal O +an O +increase O +in O +acidity O +of O +the O +G O +( O +N O +- O +1 O +) O +site O +corresponding O +to O +2 O +to O +3 O +pK O +units O +as O +the O +G O +( O +N O +- O +7 O +) O +site O +is O +protonated O +: O +At O +neutral O +pH O +the O +G O +( O +N O +- O +1 O +) O +site O +of O +the O +protonated O +purine B-Chemical +would O +be O +ionized O +( O +pK O += O +6 O +. O +3 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +comparison O +of O +the O +intrinsic O +amino B-Chemical +acidity O +in O +the O +neutral O +and O +protonated O +cytosine B-Chemical +is O +vitiated O +by O +the O +observation O +that O +OH O +- O +catalyzed O +exchange O +in O +the O +neutral O +base O +is O +not O +diffusion O +limited O +. O + +aps B-category +Refolding O +transition O +of O +alpha O +- O +chymotrypsin O +: O +pH O +and O +salt B-Chemical +dependence O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +low O +pH O +( O +pH O +2 O +. O +0 O +- O +- O +6 O +. O +0 O +) O +the O +equilibrium O +is O +very O +dependent O +on O +salt B-Chemical +concentration O +, O +with O +high O +salt B-Chemical +concentrations O +effectively O +stabilizing O +the O +active O +conformation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +show O +no O +lyotropic O +order O +and O +appear O +to O +be O +due O +to O +preferential O +salt B-Chemical +binding O +to O +the O +active O +conformation O +at O +one O +or O +possibly O +a O +few O +sites O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +small O +number O +( O +less O +than O +10 O +) O +of O +chloride B-Chemical +ions O +, O +most O +of O +which O +are O +bound O +to O +the O +primary O +detergent O +binding O +sites O +, O +contribute O +a O +major O +portion O +of O +the O +relaxation O +enhancement O +( O +greater O +than O +80 O +% O +at O +neutral O +pH O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +, O +in O +conjuction O +with O +NaDodSO4 O +titrations O +at O +different O +pH O +values O +and O +the O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +sequence O +of O +HPA O +, O +suggests O +that O +the O +high O +- O +affinity O +chloride B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +sites O +are O +doubly O +cationic O +at O +neutral O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Estimation O +of O +transmembrane O +pH O +gradients O +from O +phase O +equilibria O +of O +spin O +- O +labeled O +amines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +While O +we O +find O +spectrophotometric O +changes O +upon O +addition O +of O +HCl O +to O +the O +mucosal O +solution O +, O +we O +find O +similar O +changes O +upon O +addition O +of O +NaCl B-Chemical +without O +pH O +change O +, O +but O +no O +changes O +when O +the O +pH O +is O +lowered O +by O +substitution O +of O +H O ++ O +for O +Na O ++ O +at O +constant O +osmolality O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hydrolysis O +of O +triacylglycerol B-Chemical +and O +diacylglycerol O +by O +a O +rat O +brain O +microsomal O +lipase O +with O +an O +acidic O +pH O +optimum O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +optimal O +pH O +for O +the O +hydrolysis O +of O +triacylglycerol B-Chemical +was O +4 O +. O +8 O +, O +with O +only O +minor O +lipolytic O +activity O +in O +the O +alkaline O +pH O +range O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +diacylglycerol O +was O +the O +starting O +substrate O +it O +was O +hydrolyzed O +at O +a O +rate O +10 O +- O +fold O +greater O +than O +triacylglycerol B-Chemical +, O +and O +the O +product O +was O +monoacylglycerol O +. O + +aps B-category +Adsorption O +spectra O +of O +Hb O ++ O +and O +HbO2 O +adsorbed O +on O +silica O +and O +monolayers O +cholesterol B-Chemical +supported O +on O +silica O +have O +been O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +dissociation O +is O +extremely O +slow O +at O +neutral O +pH O +( O +t1 O +/ O +2 O +approximately O +3 O +) O +years O +, O +4 O +degrees O +C O +) O +, O +but O +increases O +in O +almost O +direct O +proportion O +to O +the O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +concentration O +and O +is O +enhanced O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +1 O +, O +10 O +- O +phenanthroline O +or O +acetate O +. O + +aps B-category +Aminopeptidase O +A O +, O +which O +specifically O +hydrolyses O +N O +- O +terminal O +dicarbonic O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +containing O +free O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +groups O +, O +is O +isolated O +from O +bovine O +kidney O +. O + +aps B-category +Aminopeptidase O +A O +does O +not O +attack O +alpha O +- O +L O +- O +alanyl O +- O +beta O +- O +naphtylamide O +, O +leucineamide O +, O +insulin O +, O +peptides O +with O +blocked O +N O +- O +terminal O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +peptides O +which O +have O +proline O +to O +be O +the O +second O +N O +- O +terminal O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +chemical O +modification O +of O +horseradish O +peroxidase O +lysine O +epsilon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +groups O +by O +propionic O +, O +butyric O +, O +valeric O +, O +succinic O +anhydrides O +and O +trinitrobenzolsulfonic O +acid O +( O +TNBS O +) O +on O +catalytic O +properties O +of O +the O +enzyme O +is O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Absorption O +and O +circular O +dichoism O +spectra O +of O +native O +and O +modified O +peroxidase O +within O +260 O +- O +- O +270 O +nm O +are O +obtained O +, O +some O +changes O +in O +the O +enzyme O +tertiary O +structure O +after O +its O +epsilon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +groups O +modification O +are O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Immobilization O +of O +glyceraldehyde B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +by O +non O +- O +covalent O +binding O +to O +specific O +antibodies O +and O +Fab O +- O +fragments O +coupled O +to O +Sepharose O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Rat O +skeletal O +muscle O +glyceraldehyde B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +was O +then O +immobilized O +on O +a O +matrix O +by O +non O +- O +covalent O +binding O +to O +specific O +antibodies O +. 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O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +showed O +induction O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ketoglutarate I-Chemical +transaminase O +in O +hepatic O +cytosol O +of O +Rats O +( O +Wistar O +strain O +) O +five O +hours O +after O +intraperitoneal O +administration O +of O +tricyclic O +compounds O +( O +phenothiazine O +, O +iminodibenzyl O +, O +thioxanthene O +, O +thiophenylpyridylamin O +, O +dibenzocycloheptadiene O +, O +dibenzoxepin O +derivatives O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Mechanism O +of O +induction O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +in O +rat O +liver O +by O +phenothiazine O +derivatives O +and O +related O +chemical O +compounds O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Hemodynamic O +effects O +of O +preload O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +nitroprusside I-Chemical +in O +patients O +subjected O +to O +coronary O +bypass O +surgery O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Particular O +emphasis O +is O +devoted O +to O +: O +( O +1 O +) O +the O +interrelationship O +between O +cell O +activation O +by O +chemical O +stimuli O +and O +alterations O +in O +intracellular O +calcium B-Chemical +metabolism O +, O +and O +( O +2 O +) O +the O +interrelated O +roles O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +and O +the O +cyclic O +nucleotides O +, O +cyclic O +AMP O +and O +cyclic O +GMP O +, O +in O +achieving O +the O +final O +integrated O +, O +co O +- O +ordinated O +cellular O +response O +. O + +aps B-category +Differential O +blockade O +of O +octopamine O +and O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptors O +by O +analogues O +of O +clozapine B-Chemical +and O +metoclopramide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +compound O +attenuates O +dopamine B-Chemical +excitation O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +apparent O +that O +a O +good O +storage O +solution O +contained O +a O +buffer O +( O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +was O +better O +than O +phosphate B-Chemical +) O +and O +5 O +% O +dextran B-Chemical +and O +was O +at O +a O +neutral O +pH O +( O +between O +7 O +and O +8 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +study O +, O +the O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +formation O +of O +a O +unique O +dye O +absorption O +spectra O +of O +the O +cationic O +carbocyanine O +dye O +, O +1 O +- O +ethyl O +- O +2 O +- O +[ O +3 O +- O +( O +1 O +- O +ethylnaphtho O +[ O +1 O +, O +2d O +] O +- O +thiazolin O +- O +2 O +- O +ylidene O +) O +- O +2 O +- O +methylpropenyl O +] O +naphtho O +[ O +1 O +, O +2d O +] O +- O +thiazolium O +bromide B-Chemical +, O +was O +used O +to O +detect O +bacteriuria O +caused O +by O +gram O +negative O +organisms O +in O +a O +hospitalized O +population O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +are O +, O +or O +course O +, O +no O +" O +wonder O +- O +drugs O +" O +and O +usually O +lead B-Chemical +to O +an O +improvement O +only O +of O +the O +troubles O +, O +but O +rarely O +to O +complete O +cure O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +question O +whether O +the O +phosphate B-Chemical +participates O +actively O +in O +the O +calculogenesis O +or O +whether O +it O +is O +only O +an O +accidental O +enclosure O +in O +the O +stone O +material O +can O +, O +in O +our O +opinion O +, O +only O +be O +answered O +by O +the O +quantitative O +determination O +of O +phosphorus B-Chemical +in O +the O +stone O +material O +resp O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +basis O +of O +our O +investigation O +we O +suppose O +that O +the O +phosphate B-Chemical +crystalluriae O +, O +occurring O +spontaneously O +or O +induced O +, O +at O +moderate O +pH O +- O +values O +of O +urine O +, O +especially O +by O +Ca O +- O +oxalate O +, O +sometimes O +by O +urate B-Chemical +crystalluriae O +, O +contribute O +to O +the O +crystal O +" O +density O +" O +in O +the O +urine O +, O +the O +sufficient O +crystal O +" O +density O +" O +being O +one O +of O +the O +preconditions O +for O +the O +formation O +of O +compact O +crystal O +aggregates O +; O +the O +other O +precondition O +is O +the O +presence O +of O +the O +reactive O +organic O +cement O +substance O +in O +a O +sufficient O +concentration O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +pHa O +measured O +during O +this O +phase O +was O +duplicated O +during O +the O +later O +continuous O +infusion O +of O +NaHCO3 B-Chemical +at O +which O +time O +either O +1 O +) O +ventilation O +was O +held O +constant O +at O +the O +control O +level O +, O +allowing O +arterial O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +tension O +( O +PaCO2 O +) O +to O +rise O +as O +a O +consequence O +of O +the O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +dissociation O +, O +or O +2 O +) O +PaCO2 O +was O +held O +constant O +by O +servo O +control O +of O +ventilation O +. O + +aps B-category +Intracellular O +pH O +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +concentration O +in O +human O +muscle O +during O +recovery O +from O +exercise O +. O + +aps B-category +Muscle O +samples O +taken O +during O +the O +recovery O +period O +from O +m O +. O +quadriceps O +femoris O +were O +analyzed O +for O +water O +, O +electrolytes O +, O +lactate B-Chemical +, O +and O +acid O +- O +labile O +CO2 O +. O + +aps B-category +Intracellular O +pH O +( O +pHi O +) O +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +concentration O +( O +[ O +HCO3 O +- O +] O +i O +) O +in O +muscle O +have O +been O +calculated O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +pH O +and O +salt B-Chemical +concentration O +on O +the O +dissolution O +of O +the O +fibrils O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +of O +the O +inhibitors O +were O +similar O +except O +for O +the O +contents O +of O +Asp O +, O +Glu O +, O +Ile O +, O +Leu O +, O +and O +Lys O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +apparent O +desorption O +constants O +( O +concentrations O +necessary O +for O +50 O +% O +desorption O +of O +the O +enzyme O +) O +estimated O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +3 O +for O +isocitrate O +, O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +diphosphoglycerate O +, O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +malate I-Chemical +, O +oxalacetate O +, O +fumarate O +, O +citrate B-Chemical +, O +succinate O +, O +and O +KCl O +were O +0 O +. O +073 O +, O +0 O +. O +074 O +, O +0 O +. O +22 O +, O +0 O +. O +39 O +, O +0 O +. O +56 O +, O +2 O +. O +9 O +, O +and O +19 O +mM O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +acts O +on O +the O +hybrid O +as O +an O +endonuclease O +, O +resulting O +in O +oligonucleotides O +with O +3 O +' O +- B-Chemical +hydroxyl I-Chemical +termini O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +found O +that O +anions O +( O +chloride B-Chemical +, O +bromide B-Chemical +, O +and O +nitrate B-Chemical +ions O +) O +which O +critically O +affect O +the O +enzyme O +activity O +have O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +degree O +of O +multiple O +attack O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +subunits O +isolated O +by O +chromatography O +on O +CM O +- O +Sepharose O +and O +DEAE O +- O +Sepharose O +columns O +showed O +different O +molecular O +weights O +( O +F O +- O +1 O +: O +44 O +, O +000 O +, O +F O +- O +2 O +: O +20 O +, O +000 O +, O +F O +- O +3 O +: O +11 O +, O +000 O +) O +and O +different O +isoelectric O +points O +, O +but O +similar O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +compositions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +was O +inactivated O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +PCMB O +, O +sodium B-Chemical +tetrathionate O +, O +Hg2 O ++ O +and O +Cu2 O ++ O +, O +but O +the O +activity O +lost O +was O +restored O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +2 O +- O +mercaptoethanol O +and O +EDTA O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purified O +alpha O +- O +thiophosphate O +diastereoisomers O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +( O +1 O +- O +thio O +) O +- O +triphosphate O +were O +used O +to O +study O +the O +stereochemical O +course O +of O +the O +reaction O +catalyzed O +by O +yeast O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +synthetase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +label O +was O +found O +to O +be O +in O +the O +opposite O +orientation O +from O +the O +leaving O +pyrophosphate O +group O +showing O +that O +the O +acetate O +activation O +step O +occurred O +with O +inversion O +of O +configuration O +at O +the O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphorus I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +oxygen B-Chemical +tension O +required O +for O +half O +- O +saturation O +of O +sulfhemoglobin O +is O +more O +than O +2 O +orders O +of O +magnitude O +higher O +than O +that O +for O +hemoglobin O +A O +. O + +aps B-category +Sea O +anemone O +toxin O +and O +scorpion O +toxin O +share O +a O +common O +receptor O +site O +associated O +with O +the O +action O +potential O +sodium B-Chemical +ionophore O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +show O +that O +the O +polypeptides O +scorpion O +toxin O +and O +sea O +anemone O +toxin O +II O +share O +a O +common O +receptors O +site O +associated O +with O +action O +potential O +sodium B-Chemical +ionophores O +. O + +aps B-category +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +, O +a O +flavoprotein O +from O +hog O +kidneys O +, O +has O +been O +crystalized O +in O +two O +different O +forms O +. O + +aps B-category +Purified O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +endoperoxides O +( O +PGG2 O +and O +PGH2 O +) O +and O +hydroperoxides O +( O +15 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +OOH I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +PGE2 I-Chemical +) O +as O +well O +as O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +hydroperoxides O +( O +12 O +- O +OOH O +- O +20 O +: O +4 O +, O +15 O +- O +00H O +- O +20 O +: O +4 O +, O +and O +13 O +- O +OOH O +- O +18 O +: O +2 O +) O +were O +examined O +as O +effectors O +of O +soluble O +splenic O +cell O +guanylate O +cyclase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +endoperoxides O +or O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +hydroperoxides O +to O +the O +reaction O +mixture O +led O +to O +a O +time O +- O +dependent O +activation O +of O +guanylate O +cyclase O +activity O +; O +2 O +. O +5 O +- O +to O +5 O +- O +fold O +stimulation O +was O +seen O +during O +the O +first O +6 O +min O +. 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O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +activation O +of O +soluble O +guanylate O +cyclase O +from O +splenic O +cells O +can O +be O +achieved O +by O +the O +oxidation O +of O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +groups O +that O +may O +be O +associated O +with O +specific O +hydrophobic O +sites O +of O +the O +enzyme O +or O +a O +related O +regulatory O +component O +. O + +aps B-category +Biochemical O +analyses O +of O +isolated O +Muller O +cells O +showed O +that O +( O +a O +) O +these O +cells O +did O +not O +synthesize O +and O +accumulate O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +, O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +or O +catecholamines B-Chemical +when O +incubated O +with O +appropriate O +radioactive O +precursors O +; O +( O +b O +) O +the O +specific O +activities O +of O +choline B-Chemical +acetyltransferase O +( O +EC O +2 O +. O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +6 O +) O +, O +glutamate B-Chemical +decarboxylase O +( O +EC O +4 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +unusual O +enzyme O +responses O +were O +( O +a O +) O +elevation O +of O +catalase O +activity O +in O +liver O +and O +kidney O +in O +female O +rats O +, O +( O +b O +) O +increased O +activity O +of O +three O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +producing I-Chemical +oxidases O +( O +urate B-Chemical +oxidase O +, O +L O +- O +alpha O +- O +hydroxy O +acid O +oxidase O +, O +and O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +) O +in O +the O +liver O +of O +both O +sexes O +, O +and O +( O +c O +) O +elevation O +of O +activity O +of O +the O +last O +two O +oxidases O +in O +male O +kidney O +. O + +aps B-category +Retractor O +unguis O +nerve O +muscle O +preparations O +from O +the O +locust O +were O +subjected O +to O +the O +zinc B-Chemical +iodide O +- O +osmium O +tetroxide O +reaction O +( O +ZIO O +) O +after O +pre O +- O +fixation O +in O +glutaraldehyde O +. O + +aps B-category +Ionic O +interactions O +between O +bovine O +chymotrypsinogen O +A O +and O +chondroitin B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +A O +. O +B O +. O +C O +. O +. O +A O +possible O +model O +for O +molecular O +aggregation O +in O +zymogen O +granules O +. O + +aps B-category +Small O +amounts O +of O +chondroitin B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +were O +found O +able O +to O +induce O +chymotrypsinogen O +precipitation O +. O + +aps B-category +Modification O +of O +human O +RBC O +with O +50 O +- O +- O +350 O +U O +VCN O +/ O +10 O +( O +10 O +) O +RBC O +for O +one O +hour O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +releases O +90 O +- O +100 O +% O +of O +the O +NANA O +and O +produces O +a O +progressive O +decrease O +towards O +zero O +in O +their O +electrophoretic O +mobilities O +when O +measured O +in O +0 O +. O +15 O +M O +NaCl B-Chemical +( O +pH O +7 O +. O +2 O +) O +at O +25 O +degrees O +C O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Group O +4 O +( O +no O +premedication O +) O +and O +group O +5 O +( O +diphenhydramine B-Chemical +premedication O +) O +had O +negative O +pretests O +, O +but O +11 O +of O +53 O +( O +20 O +. O +7 O +% O +) O +and O +3 O +of O +71 O +( O +4 O +. O +2 O +% O +) O +, O +respectively O +, O +developed O +reactions O +( O +p O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +beta O +- O +mimetic O +, O +alphablocking O +and O +progesterone B-Chemical +medications O +are O +the O +most O +efficient O +and O +certainly O +the O +less O +dangerous O +for O +the O +fetus O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +and O +magnesium B-Chemical +on O +the O +spontaneous O +release O +of O +transmitter O +at O +insect O +motor O +nerve O +terminals O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +frequency O +of O +MEPSPs O +increased O +as O +the O +calcium B-Chemical +concentration O +was O +increased O +from O +0 O +. O +1 O +to O +10 O +mM O +. 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O +0357 O +to O +0 O +. O +0027 O +min O +- O +1 O +over O +the O +pH O +range O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +extent O +of O +hydrolysis O +after O +1 O +hr O +in O +the O +USP O +medium O +was O +studied O +using O +three O +brands O +of O +digoxin B-Chemical +tablets O +of O +differing O +dissolution O +characteristics O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cumulative O +theophylline B-Chemical +transfer O +rate O +across O +10 O +- O +cm O +everted O +rat O +intestinal O +sacs O +incubated O +at O +37 O +degrees O +in O +pH O +7 O +. O +4 O +Krebs O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +was O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +theophylline B-Chemical +formation O +rate O +from O +ditheophylline O +succinate O +suspended O +in O +pH O +7 O +. O +4 O +Krebs O +buffer O +at O +37 O +degrees O +followed O +apparent O +zero O +- O +order O +kinetics O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +epinephrine B-Chemical +oxidation O +in O +weak O +alkaline O +solutions O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +longer O +the O +duration O +of O +pretreatment O +and O +the O +higher O +the O +dose O +of O +ISO O +or O +terbutaline B-Chemical +used O +, O +the O +more O +attenuated O +was O +the O +response O +of O +tracheal O +smooth O +muscle O +to O +ISO O +, O +and O +the O +greater O +was O +the O +Kb O +for O +propranolol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +receptor O +complex O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +response O +to O +ISO O +was O +attenuated O +and O +the O +Kb O +for O +the O +propranolol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +receptor O +complex O +was O +elevated O +( O +1 O +. O +1 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +1 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +M O +) O +; O +however O +, O +Amino O +was O +half O +as O +effective O +in O +these O +tissues O +as O +in O +the O +saline O +control O +tissues O +. O + +aps B-category +Enhancement O +did O +not O +occur O +when O +release O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +was O +blocked O +by O +reducing O +the O +calcium B-Chemical +in O +the O +modified O +Krebs O +' O +solution O +or O +when O +magnesium B-Chemical +or O +manganese O +chlorides O +were O +added O +to O +the O +saline O +during O +the O +conditioning O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +Phenytoin B-Chemical +, O +10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +M O +, O +did O +not O +reduce O +the O +enhancement O +of O +firing O +. O + +aps B-category +Dibutyryl O +cyclic O +guanosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +had O +no O +effect O +on O +post O +- O +tetanic O +enhancement O +or O +afterdischarge O +in O +concentrations O +up O +to O +1 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +M O +. O +A O +working O +hypothesis O +is O +proposed O +: O +following O +a O +conditioning O +stimulus O +, O +a O +prolonged O +postsynaptic O +change O +occurs O +which O +results O +in O +an O +increased O +responsiveness O +to O +muscarinic O +agonists O +, O +and O +this O +change O +probably O +involves O +a O +metabolic O +reaction O +since O +it O +is O +reduced O +by O +metabolic O +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +pH O +on O +the O +uptake O +and O +efflux O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +from O +cardiac O +sarcoplasmic O +reticulum O +vesicles O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +when O +attached O +to O +a O +beaker O +simulating O +a O +pouch O +and O +when O +attached O +to O +a O +pouch O +whose O +secretion O +was O +suppressed O +by O +infusing O +cimetidine B-Chemical +, O +the O +apparatus O +accurately O +measured O +added O +acid O +when O +the O +endpoint O +setting O +was O +between O +pH O +3 O +. O +0 O +and O +9 O +. O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +while O +stimulation O +of O +acid O +secretion O +by O +topical O +stimulants O +is O +highly O +dependent O +on O +luminal B-Chemical +pH O +, O +secretion O +increasing O +as O +pH O +increases O +, O +stimulation O +by O +parenteral O +agents O +such O +as O +histamine B-Chemical +and O +pentagastrin O +is O +not O +influenced O +by O +luminal B-Chemical +pH O +in O +the O +range O +from O +pH O +1 O +. O +0 O +to O +9 O +. O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +Renal O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +reabsorption O +was O +measured O +in O +thirty O +new O +- O +born O +dogs O +2 O +- O +27 O +days O +of O +age O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +exchange O +transfusion O +resulted O +in O +increases O +of O +plasma O +pH O +, O +P O +( O +CO2 O +) O +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +in O +the O +puppies O +without O +changing O +plasma O +sodium B-Chemical +and O +potassium B-Chemical +or O +glomerular O +filtration O +rate O +( O +g O +. O +f O +. O +r O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +No O +animals O +excreted O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +at O +plasma O +levels O +below O +25 O +mM O +and O +some O +animals O +had O +plasma O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +threshold O +values O +in O +excess O +of O +40 O +mM O +. O +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +renal O +carbonic O +anhydrase O +by O +acetazolamide B-Chemical +( O +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +resulted O +in O +an O +inhibition O +of O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +reabsorption O +of O +only O +4 O +. O +5 O +muequiv O +/ O +ml O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +good O +correlation O +( O +r O += O +0 O +. O +82 O +) O +between O +inhibition O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +reabsorption O +during O +renal O +carbonic O +anhydrase O +inhibition O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +demonstrate O +that O +tubular O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +reabsorption O +mechanisms O +in O +the O +new O +- O +born O +dog O +are O +as O +efficient O +as O +those O +reported O +for O +the O +adult O +as O +long O +as O +body O +fluid O +and O +plasma O +sodium B-Chemical +and O +potassium B-Chemical +levels O +are O +carefully O +maintained O +. O +8 O +. O + +aps B-category +Glutamine O +and O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +uptake O +by O +rat O +renal O +brushborder O +membrane O +vesicles O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +components O +were O +stimulated O +specifically O +by O +a O +sodium B-Chemical +gradient O +. O + +aps B-category +Glutamine O +entry O +at O +0 O +. O +06 O +mM O +was O +inhibited O +by O +a O +variety O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +at O +3 O +mM O +, O +including O +dibasic O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +glycine B-Chemical +, O +valine O +, O +and O +phenylalanine O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +metabolic O +alteration O +of O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +was O +observed O +on O +incubation O +with O +membrane O +vesicles O +, O +but O +glutamine B-Chemical +was O +significantly O +hydrolyzed O +to O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +upon O +prolonged O +incubation O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +studies O +provide O +support O +for O +the O +existence O +of O +an O +uptake O +system O +in O +the O +brushborder O +of O +the O +renal O +proximal O +tubule O +cell O +capable O +of O +handling O +the O +reabsorption O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +normally O +present O +in O +glomerular O +filtrate O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blocking O +activity O +of O +perhexiline O +was O +compared O +with O +that O +of O +propanolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +other O +solutions O +, O +such O +as O +the O +Bretschneider O +solution O +, O +which O +have O +extremes O +of O +electrolyre O +concentration O +, O +are O +associated O +with O +a O +complex O +dose O +- O +response O +relationship O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +studies O +suggest O +that O +the O +relative O +patterns O +and O +rates O +of O +re O +- O +equilibration O +of O +various O +ions O +, O +especially O +sodium B-Chemical +and O +calcium B-Chemical +, O +during O +infusion O +may O +play O +a O +major O +role O +in O +determining O +the O +efficacy O +of O +the O +infusate O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Critical O +observation O +of O +long O +- O +term O +care O +of O +climacteric O +disorders O +with O +estrogens B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +metabolism O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +to O +acetaldehyde B-Chemical +proceeds O +in O +the O +liver O +via O +alcohol B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +( O +ADH O +) O +and O +the O +microsomal O +ethanol B-Chemical +oxidizing O +system O +( O +MEOS O +) O +, O +whereas O +catalase O +plays O +no O +significant O +role O +. O + +aps B-category +Conversely O +, O +the O +MEOS O +resides O +in O +the O +endoplasmic O +reticulum O +, O +requires O +NADPH B-Chemical +and O +O2 O +, O +is O +inhibited O +by O +CO O +, O +and O +exhibits O +a O +Km O +of O +about O +10 O +mM O +for O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Regulation O +of O +cyclic O +GMP O +, O +cyclic O +AMP O +and O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +by O +putative O +neurotransmitters O +in O +the O +C6 O +rat O +glioma O +cell O +line O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +chemical O +stability O +of O +beta O +- O +hydroxyphenylalkylhydroxylamines O +and O +its O +relevance O +to O +the O +metabolism O +of O +amphetamines B-Chemical +and O +ephedrines O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +concentrations O +close O +to O +those O +expected O +in O +plasma O +, O +lactate B-Chemical +alone O +, O +or O +combined O +with O +other O +renal O +fuels O +, O +inhibits O +ammoniagenesis O +markedly O +; O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +citrate B-Chemical +decrease O +ammoniagenesis O +slightly O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +to O +decreasing O +the O +ammoniagenesis O +of O +renal O +slices O +from O +control O +rats O +, O +the O +presence O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +causes O +an O +augmented O +accumulation O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +When O +glutamate B-Chemical +is O +substituted O +for O +glutamine B-Chemical +in O +the O +medium O +, O +lactate B-Chemical +still O +decreases O +ammonia B-Chemical +production O +, O +but O +to O +a O +lesser O +extent O +with O +acidotic O +slices O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +lactate B-Chemical +alone O +and O +combined O +with O +other O +substrates O +decreases O +ammoniagenesis O +primarily O +at O +the O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +step O +and O +that O +slices O +from O +acidotic O +rats O +are O +relatively O +resistant O +to O +substrate O +mediated O +inhibition O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +carbohydrate O +( O +CHO O +) O +and O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +( O +P O +) O +, O +but O +not O +lipid O +( O +L O +) O +, O +significantly O +increased O +T3 O +generation O +above O +values O +observed O +in O +the O +starved O +rat O +. 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O + +aps B-category +units O +/ O +day O +( O +n O += O +18 O +) O +and O +the O +enzymic O +activity O +correlated O +well O +with O +the O +concentration O +of O +the O +excreted O +sodium B-Chemical +( O +r O += O +0 O +. O +76 O +, O +p O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +005 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzymic O +properties O +of O +these O +three O +enzymes O +were O +identical O +with O +those O +of O +angiotensin B-Chemical +I O +- O +converting O +enzyme O +from O +human O +lung O +with O +regard O +to O +inhibitory O +effects O +( O +bradykinin B-Chemical +potentiator O +c O +and O +Arg O +- O +Pro O +- O +Pro O +) O +, O +Cl O +- O +dependency O +, O +pH O +optimum O +and O +KM O +value O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +with O +physostigmine B-Chemical +reversed O +the O +central O +anticholinergic O +syndrome O +as O +well O +as O +the O +electrocardiographic O +abnormalities O +. O + +aps B-category +Parathion O +- O +and O +DDT O +- O +induced O +effects O +on O +tension O +and O +calcium B-Chemical +transport O +in O +molluscan O +visceral O +muscle O +. O + +aps B-category +Seasonal O +variations O +in O +the O +circadian O +rhythm O +of O +tissue O +catecholamines B-Chemical +in O +the O +frog O +( O +Rana O +temporaria O +L O +. O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +orally O +ingested O +histamine B-Chemical +and O +/ O +or O +commercially O +canned O +spoiled O +skipjack O +tuna O +on O +pigs O +, O +cats O +, O +dogs O +and O +rabbits O +. O + +aps B-category +Twenty O +- O +four O +- O +hour O +variation O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical +decarboxylase O +and O +monoamine O +oxidase O +activities O +in O +the O +eyestalks O +of O +the O +fiddler O +crab O +, O +Uca O +pugilator O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +and O +some O +other O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +on O +the O +membrane O +potential O +of O +muscle O +cells O +in O +the O +pharynx O +- O +levator O +muscle O +of O +Helix O +pomatia O +. O + +aps B-category +Glycine O +and O +GABA B-Chemical +receptors O +on O +lamprey O +bulbar O +reticulospinal O +neurones O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +on O +contractility O +and O +conduction O +in O +isolated O +chicken O +hearts O +. O + +aps B-category +Representative O +studies O +which O +elucidate O +present O +treatment O +principles O +regarding O +parenteral O +administration O +of O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +for O +acute O +psychoses O +with O +agitation O +are O +reviewed O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +parenteral O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +should O +be O +avoided O +because O +of O +its O +tendency O +to O +provoke O +severe O +hypotension O +, O +whereas O +loxapine O +apparently O +is O +a O +valuable O +drug O +if O +strong O +sedation O +is O +required O +for O +behavioural O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +Several O +types O +of O +acute O +psychosis O +with O +agitation O +which O +do O +not O +require O +treatment O +with O +a O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +as O +drug O +treatment O +of O +first O +choice O +are O +briefly O +mentioned O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +open O +study O +was O +carried O +out O +in O +21 O +chronic O +alcoholics O +with O +severe O +withdrawal O +symptoms O +and O +incipient O +delirium O +tremens O +to O +evaluate O +the O +efficacy O +of O +adjuvant O +treatment O +with O +intramuscular O +lorazepam B-Chemical +( O +5mg O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +adverse O +reactions O +attributable O +to O +lorazepam B-Chemical +were O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +double O +- O +blind O +crossover O +trial O +was O +carried O +out O +in O +31 O +hospitalized O +elderly O +patients O +receiving O +night O +- O +time O +sedation O +to O +compare O +the O +effects O +of O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +) O +and O +meprobamate O +( O +200 O +mg O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +disposition O +and O +metabolism O +of O +6 O +, O +11 O +- O +dihydro O +- O +11 O +- O +oxodibenz O +[ O +be O +] O +oxepin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +isoxepac O +) O +, O +a O +new O +nonsteroidal O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +agent O +, O +has O +been O +studied O +in O +rat O +, O +rabbit O +, O +dog O +, O +rhesus O +monkey O +, O +and O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Cyclopropylcarbonyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +benzimidazole I-Chemical +was O +present O +in O +rat O +urine O +( O +2 O +. O +5 O +% O +of O +the O +dose O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +haloforms O +( O +trihalomethanes O +) O +to O +rats O +led O +to O +substantial O +elevations O +in O +blood O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +SKF O +525 O +- O +A O +significantly O +inhibited O +the O +in O +vivo O +metabolism O +of O +bromoform O +to O +CO O +. O +Administration O +of O +either O +diethyl O +maleate B-Chemical +or O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +penicillamine I-Chemical +did O +not O +alter O +the O +blood O +CO O +levels O +produced O +in O +response O +to O +bromoform O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +acetylation O +of O +acetylhydrazine O +to O +diacetylhydrazine O +was O +found O +to O +be O +dose O +- O +dependent O +and O +to O +be O +inhibited O +by O +coadministered O +isoniazid B-Chemical +and O +p O +- O +aminosalicylic O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +indicate O +that O +the O +metabolism O +and O +hepatotoxicity O +of O +acetylhydrazine O +may O +be O +different O +when O +it O +is O +produced O +as O +a O +metabolite O +of O +isoniazid B-Chemical +than O +when O +it O +is O +given O +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +validity O +of O +the O +method O +was O +tested O +in O +rats O +with O +tracer O +doses O +of O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +after O +the O +simultaneous O +administration O +of O +an O +iv O +tracer O +dose O +of O +14C B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetaminophen I-Chemical +and O +an O +ip O +dose O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetaminophen I-Chemical +, O +the O +apparent O +availabilities O +calculated O +from O +the O +areas O +under O +the O +curve O +were O +highly O +variable O +and O +tended O +to O +be O +greater O +( O +0 O +. O +73 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +11 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Metabolism O +of O +methimazole B-Chemical +by O +rat O +liver O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +- O +containing O +monoxygenases O +. 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O + +aps B-category +[ O +Drug O +prevention O +of O +bronchial O +asthma O +: O +inhibition O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +and O +exercise O +- O +induced O +asthma O +by O +a O +new O +anti O +- O +anaphylactic O +oral O +preparation O +( O +ketotifen O +) O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +author O +goes O +briefly O +over O +the O +metabolism O +of O +the O +main O +cerebral O +monoamines B-Chemical +, O +the O +functioning O +of O +synapses O +, O +as O +well O +as O +the O +methods O +used O +in O +studying O +the O +biochemistry O +of O +depression O +. O + +aps B-category +VIP O +- O +induced O +lipolysis O +is O +inhibited O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +but O +VIP O +- O +induced O +adenyl O +cyclase O +activity O +is O +not O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +optimum O +was O +7 O +. O +1 O +Km O +for O +fructose O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +was O +6 O +. O +3 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +mol O +/ O +1 O +and O +for O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamine I-Chemical +6 O +. O +5 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +mol O +/ O +1 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Lorazepam B-Chemical +was O +administered O +to O +38 O +patients O +with O +moderate O +to O +severe O +anxiety O +associated O +with O +cardiovascular O +symptomatology O +. O + +aps B-category +Adverse O +reactions O +were O +transient O +and O +tolerable O +, O +and O +were O +reported O +in O +only O +2 O +patients O +on O +lorazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Sixty O +- O +two O +adults O +with O +a O +current O +diagnosis O +of O +significant O +hypertension O +and O +accompanying O +moderate O +to O +severe O +anxiety O +were O +medicated O +with O +lorazepam B-Chemical +or O +with O +placebo O +for O +a O +period O +of O +4 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +Most O +lorazepam B-Chemical +patients O +were O +controlled O +with O +3 O +mg O +/ O +day O +; O +except O +for O +1 O +patient O +, O +side O +effects O +were O +mild O +and O +transient O +. 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O + +aps B-category +By O +all O +3 O +rating O +scales O +and O +at O +virtually O +all O +times O +of O +assessment O +, O +lorazepam B-Chemical +was O +associated O +with O +statistically O +significantly O +greater O +improvement O +in O +symptoms O +related O +to O +anxiety O +associated O +with O +chronic O +enteritis O +and O +ulcerative O +colitis O +than O +was O +placebo O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +the O +detergents O +tested O +, O +those O +other O +than O +Triton O +X O +- O +100 O +and O +Brij O +58 O +caused O +the O +conversion O +described O +above O +; O +dodecylsulfonate O +was O +most O +effective O +, O +whereas O +dodecylpyridinium O +chloride B-Chemical +was O +moderately O +effective O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +the O +nucleoside B-Chemical +triphosphates O +tested O +can O +serve O +as O +the O +substrate O +. O + +aps B-category +Exposure O +of O +rat O +sympathetic O +ganglia O +to O +3 O +microgram O +/ O +ml O +of O +2 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +fact O +that O +the O +half O +- O +life O +of O +pulse O +- O +labeled O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +was O +the O +same O +for O +NGF O +- O +treated O +and O +control O +organ O +cultures O +of O +superior O +cervical O +ganglia O +excludes O +the O +possibility O +that O +enhanced O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +labeling O +by O +NGF O +is O +due O +to O +decreased O +degradation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +citrate B-Chemical +and O +cyclic O +AMP O +on O +the O +rate O +and O +degree O +of O +phosphorylation O +and O +inactivation O +of O +rat O +liver O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +carboxylase O +were O +examined O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +lower O +concentrations O +of O +citrate B-Chemical +, O +the O +rate O +and O +degree O +of O +phosphorylation O +are O +increased O +. O + +aps B-category +Depolymerization O +of O +carboxylase O +requires O +the O +transfer O +of O +the O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +group O +from O +ATP O +to O +carboxylase O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +treating O +epididymal O +fat O +tissue O +in O +culture O +with O +epinephrine B-Chemical +, O +we O +have O +demonstrated O +catalytically O +less O +active O +forms O +of O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +carboxylase O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +the O +less O +active O +forms O +of O +the O +carboxylase O +formed O +as O +a O +result O +of O +epinephrine B-Chemical +treatment O +are O +not O +due O +to O +the O +depolymerization O +of O +polymeric O +forms O +( O +45 O +S O +) O +to O +the O +protomeric O +forms O +( O +17 O +to O +20 O +S O +) O +, O +but O +to O +the O +formation O +of O +intermediate O +species O +of O +carboxylase O +which O +cannot O +form O +polymeric O +enzyme O +( O +45 O +S O +) O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +high O +concentrations O +of O +citrate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +NADPH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cytochromes O +c O +are O +a O +family O +of O +hemoproteins O +that O +share O +a O +number O +of O +structural O +features O +: O +a O +thioether O +linkage O +between O +the O +protein O +and O +the O +heme O +, O +histidine O +and O +methionine B-Chemical +as O +the O +fifth O +and O +sixth O +iron B-Chemical +ligands O +, O +and O +a O +tertiary O +structure O +known O +as O +the O +" O +cytochrome O +fold O +. O +" O + +aps B-category +Restoration O +of O +the O +responsiveness O +of O +purified O +guanylate O +cyclase O +to O +nitrosoguanidine O +, O +nitric B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +, O +and O +related O +activators O +by O +heme O +and O +hemeproteins O +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +of O +free O +hematin O +, O +hemoglobin O +, O +methemoglobin O +, O +active O +or O +heat O +- O +inactivated O +catalase O +partially O +restores O +responsiveness O +of O +purified O +guanylate O +cyclase O +to O +MNNG O +, O +NO O +, O +nitrite B-Chemical +, O +and O +nitroprusside B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Purified O +guanylate O +cyclase O +was O +more O +sensitive O +to O +preformed O +NO O +- O +hemoglobin O +( O +minimally O +effective O +concentration O +, O +0 O +. O +1 O +micron O +) O +than O +to O +MNNG O +( O +1 O +micron O +) O +, O +nitroprusside B-Chemical +( O +50 O +micron O +) O +, O +or O +nitrite B-Chemical +( O +1 O +mM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Activation O +by O +each O +agent O +resulted O +in O +analogous O +alterations O +in O +the O +Mn2 O ++ O +and O +Mg2 O ++ O +requirements O +of O +enzyme O +activity O +, O +and O +responses O +were O +inhibited O +by O +the O +thiol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +blocking I-Chemical +agents O +N O +- O +ethylmaleimide O +, O +arsenite O +, O +or O +iodoacetamide O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +sensitivity O +of O +hemoglobin O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +to O +diphosphoglycerate O +and O +the O +characteristic O +pH O +of O +methemoglobin O +. O + +aps B-category +Its O +magnitude O +is O +higher O +in O +large O +animals O +than O +in O +small O +animals O +and O +varies O +linearly O +with O +the O +charged O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +of O +the O +hemoglobin O +. O + +aps B-category +Variability O +in O +the O +effect O +of O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +diphosphoglyceric O +acid O +on O +the O +oxygen B-Chemical +transport O +in O +the O +different O +animal O +hemoglobins O +must O +therefore O +be O +the O +result O +of O +a O +positive O +Darwinian O +Selection O +of O +the O +charged O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +in O +their O +hemoglobins O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mitogenic O +activity O +from O +crude O +human O +platelet O +lysates O +was O +shown O +to O +be O +trypsin O +sensitive O +, O +relatively O +stable O +to O +extremes O +of O +pH O +, O +labile O +to O +heat O +treatment O +at O +70 O +degrees O +, O +non O +- O +dialysable O +, O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +precipitable O +, O +not O +removed O +by O +56 O +degrees O +charcoal B-Chemical +treatment O +, O +and O +of O +apparent O +molecular O +weight O +of O +30 O +, O +000 O +to O +50 O +, O +000 O +daltons O +as O +estimated O +by O +G O +- O +100 O +Sephadex O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +fluoride B-Chemical +on O +apatite O +formation O +from O +unstable O +supersaturated O +solutions O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +notable O +finding O +was O +that O +fluoride B-Chemical +greatly O +curtailed O +or O +eliminated O +the O +appearance O +of O +octacalcium O +phosphate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +like I-Chemical +precursor O +phases O +in O +these O +preparations O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +new O +technique O +is O +based O +on O +solubilization O +of O +proteases O +from O +PMN O +neutrophils O +by O +incubation O +with O +0 O +. O +25 O +M O +NaCl B-Chemical +in O +borate O +buffer O +at O +pH O +8 O +. O +5 O +which O +leads O +to O +degradation O +of O +erythrocytes O +and O +plasma O +in O +a O +disclike O +zone O +( O +halo O +) O +around O +centrally O +situated O +PMN O +neutrophils O +, O +an O +effect O +that O +is O +visualized O +by O +staining O +smears O +using O +a O +modified O +colloidal O +iron B-Chemical +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +Stereoselectivity O +of O +binding O +was O +demonstrated O +by O +the O +observation O +that O +displacement O +of O +[ O +125I O +] O +IHYP O +by O +( O +- O +) O +propranolol B-Chemical +occurred O +at O +concentrations O +at O +least O +100 O +times O +lower O +than O +with O +( O ++ O +) O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +shift O +to O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +selective I-Chemical +from O +chloride B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +selective I-Chemical +anion O +reabsorption O +during O +ECFV O +expansion O +in O +metabolic O +acidosis O +vs O +. O +metabolic O +alkalosis O +indicates O +that O +in O +response O +to O +ECFV O +expansion O +- O +the O +kidney O +selectively O +alters O +the O +ratio O +of O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +to O +chloride B-Chemical +concentration O +in O +the O +tubular O +reabsorbate O +in O +the O +direction O +that O +tends O +to O +normalize O +plasma O +acid O +- O +base O +composition O +, O +irrespective O +of O +the O +direction O +of O +deviation O +of O +the O +initial O +plasma O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +Under O +physiological O +conditions O +iron B-Chemical +from O +the O +B O +- O +site O +has O +the O +tendency O +to O +move O +to O +the O +A O +- O +site O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +intact O +rats O +nicotinamide O +induces O +an O +increase O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +depending O +on O +the O +dose O +of O +nicotinamide O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +combination O +of O +nicotinamide O +with O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methionine I-Chemical +and O +/ O +or O +cortisone O +acetate O +does O +not O +cause O +a O +significant O +increase O +of O +the O +enzyme O +activity O +, O +which O +, O +however O +, O +can O +be O +seen O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +( O +1 O +) O +In O +stress O +- O +relaxation O +experiments O +using O +a O +reciprocating O +tablet O +machine O +, O +none O +of O +the O +materials O +behaved O +as O +a O +Maxwell O +body O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +recent O +published O +work O +( O +David O +& O +amp O +; O +Augsburger O +, O +1977 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +compacts O +exhibited O +brittle O +behaviour O +in O +the O +diametral O +compression O +test O +and O +in O +the O +10 O +s O +contact O +time O +experiment O +. O + +aps B-category +Baclofen B-Chemical +( O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +p I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +chlorophenyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +gamma I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +) O +enhances O +[ O +3H O +] O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +GABA I-Chemical +) O +release O +from O +rat O +globus O +pallidus O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +Baclofen I-Chemical +( O +300 O +micrometer O +- O +1 O +mM O +) O +significantly O +enhanced O +the O +release O +of O +radioactivity O +from O +superfused O +slices O +of O +rat O +globus O +pallidus O +prelabelled O +with O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +GABA I-Chemical +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +releasing O +effect O +of O +baclofen B-Chemical +appeared O +unrelated O +to O +the O +phenethylamine O +moiety O +of O +its O +structure O +as O +neither O +beta O +- O +phenethylamine O +nor O +dopamine B-Chemical +evoked O +release O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +GABA I-Chemical +from O +pallidal O +slices O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +use O +of O +specific O +glial O +and O +neuronal O +GABA B-Chemical +uptake O +blocking O +compounds O +( O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +and O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +- O +cis O +- O +1 O +, O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cyclohexanecarboxylic I-Chemical +acid O +) O +did O +not O +permit O +resolution O +of O +the O +elements O +from O +which O +baclofen B-Chemical +was O +evoking O +[ O +3H O +] O +GABA B-Chemical +release O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +potential O +of O +the O +( O ++ O +) O +- O +isomer O +as O +an O +antipsychotic O +agent O +while O +( O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +baclofen I-Chemical +remains O +the O +effective O +antispastic O +drug O +free O +from O +unwanted O +side O +- O +effects O +, O +is O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +stimulated O +lipolysis O +in O +brown O +adipose O +tissue O +, O +but O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +and O +phenyl O +- O +ephrine O +did O +not O +in O +white O +adipose O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +an O +alpha O +- O +blocking O +drug O +, O +phentolamine B-Chemical +, O +further O +increased O +the O +lipolysis O +induced O +by O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +or O +adrenaline B-Chemical +in O +brown O +adipose O +tissue O +and O +inhibited O +the O +effect O +of O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +effect O +of O +pH O +on O +lipolysis O +was O +further O +enhanced O +by O +phentolamine B-Chemical +and O +decreased O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +show O +that O +brown O +adipose O +tissue O +of O +the O +rat O +has O +an O +alpha O +- O +receptor O +with O +inhibitory O +effects O +on O +lipolysis O +that O +is O +affected O +by O +alpha O +- O +or O +mixed O +- O +type O +adrenergic O +agonists O +, O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +adrenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +vessel O +has O +a O +rich O +sympathetic O +innervation O +and O +lends O +itself O +to O +studies O +on O +[ O +3H O +] O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +efflux O +from O +these O +sites O +. O + +aps B-category +Pretreatment O +of O +the O +vessels O +with O +a O +mixture O +of O +iproniazid O +, O +doca O +, O +cocaine B-Chemical +and O +UO521 O +( O +3 O +' O +, O +4 O +' O +- O +dihydroxy O +- O +2 O +- O +methyl O +propiophenone O +) O +significantly O +enhanced O +[ O +3H O +] O +- B-Chemical +noradrenaline I-Chemical +efflux O +from O +the O +artery O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +motor O +behaviour O +caused O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +and O +its O +isomers O +. O + +aps B-category +Furfural O +as O +a O +new O +decomposition O +product O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +solution O +under O +oxygen B-Chemical +atmosphere O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effect O +of O +dissolving O +pH O +of O +enteric O +coating O +agent O +on O +bioavailability O +of O +enteric O +coated O +tablets O +of O +erythromycin B-Chemical +in O +man O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Tetracycline O +complexation O +with O +calcium B-Chemical +and O +organic O +ligands O +was O +studied O +using O +fluorescence O +, O +circular O +dichroism O +, O +and O +solvent O +extraction O +methods O +. O + +aps B-category +Tetracycline O +formed O +ternary O +calcium B-Chemical +complexes O +with O +barbital O +sodium B-Chemical +and O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +in O +alkaline O +solutions O +. O + +aps B-category +Based O +on O +the O +characteristics O +of O +the O +ternary O +complexes O +and O +of O +the O +tetracycline B-Chemical +degradation O +products O +, O +it O +is O +concluded O +that O +only O +the O +active O +form O +of O +tetracycline B-Chemical +can O +be O +complexed O +and O +extracted O +for O +fluorescence O +analysis O +. 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O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +DL O +- O +4 O +, O +4 O +' O +- O +dithiobis O +[ O +2 O +- O +( O +benzyloxycarbonylamino O +) O +butanoic O +acid O +] O +, O +an O +intermediate O +in O +the O +synthesis O +of O +the O +target O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +exhibited O +90 O +% O +inhibition O +of O +L O +- O +asparagine O +synthetase O +at O +10 O +mM O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +intrinsic O +factor O +- O +mediated O +binding O +of O +cyanocobalamin O +to O +cholestyramine O +was O +studied O +in O +vitro O +under O +varying O +conditions O +of O +pH O +, O +added O +electrolyte O +, O +and O +bile B-Chemical +salt I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Antagonism O +by O +naloxone B-Chemical +of O +narcotic O +- O +induced O +respiratory O +depression O +and O +analgesia O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +relative O +electron O +affinities O +of O +the O +alpha O +and O +beta O +chains O +of O +oxyhaemoglobin O +as O +a O +function O +of O +pH O +and O +added O +inositol B-Chemical +hexaphosphate O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +find O +that O +, O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +inositol B-Chemical +hexaphosphate O +, O +the O +yield O +of O +beta O +- O +chain O +adduct O +is O +almost O +equal O +to O +that O +of O +the O +alpha O +- O +chains O +in O +the O +pH O +4 O +- O +- O +5 O +region O +, O +but O +these O +rapidly O +diverge O +with O +increasing O +pH O +, O +the O +beta O +- O +yield O +increasing O +and O +the O +alpha O +- O +yield O +decreasing O +. O + +aps B-category +Also O +inositol B-Chemical +hexaphosphate O +clearly O +binds O +to O +one O +or O +both O +chains O +, O +and O +this O +has O +the O +effect O +of O +reversing O +the O +relative O +electron O +affinities O +of O +the O +two O +chains O +. O + +aps B-category +Glutamine O +synthetase O +( O +EC O +6 O +. O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +2 O +) O +activity O +of O +hepatoma O +tissue O +culture O +cells O +is O +elevated O +by O +corticosteroids B-Chemical +and O +depressed O +by O +glutamine B-Chemical +( O +Kulka O +, O +R O +. O +G O +. O +, O +Tomkins O +, O +G O +. O +M O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +addition O +of O +a O +glutamine B-Chemical +antagonist O +, O +methionine B-Chemical +sulfone O +( O +1 O +mM O +) O +to O +cells O +suspended O +in O +high O +( O +1 O +mM O +) O +concentrations O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +also O +causes O +an O +increase O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +activity O +which O +is O +greater O +than O +that O +elicited O +by O +the O +transfer O +of O +cells O +to O +low O +concentrations O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Incubation O +of O +cells O +with O +the O +synthetic O +corticosteroid B-Chemical +hormone O +, O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +, O +markedly O +stimulates O +the O +relative O +rate O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +biosynthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +total O +protein O +and O +RNA O +synthesis O +increase O +markedly O +with O +increasing O +external O +glutamine B-Chemical +concentration O +in O +the O +range O +0 O +- O +- O +1 O +mM O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +are O +consistent O +with O +the O +conclusion O +that O +the O +corticosteroid B-Chemical +, O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +, O +elevates O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +activity O +by O +stimulating O +its O +rate O +of O +synthesis O +, O +whereas O +methionine B-Chemical +sulfone O +elevates O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +activity O +by O +inhibiting O +the O +glutamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stimulated I-Chemical +degradation O +of O +preformed O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Hydroxylamine O +and O +N O +- O +methylhydroxylamine O +prevented O +the O +activation O +of O +soluble O +guanylate O +cyclase O +by O +the O +endogenous O +activator O +as O +well O +as O +by O +nitroso O +compounds O +such O +as O +N O +- O +methyl O +- O +N O +' O +- O +nitro O +- O +N O +- O +nitrosoguanidine O +or O +nitroprusside B-Chemical +, O +while O +other O +derivaties O +of O +hydroxylamine O +were O +ineffective O +. O + +aps B-category +N O +- O +Methylhydroxylamine O +also O +blocked O +the O +increases O +of O +cyclic O +GMP O +levels O +by O +carbachol B-Chemical +, O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E1 I-Chemical +and O +N O +- O +methyl O +- O +N O +' O +- O +nitro O +- O +N O +- O +nitrosoguanidine O +in O +neuroblastoma O +N1E O +115 O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Identification O +of O +the O +functional O +groups O +of O +yeast O +thiamine B-Chemical +pyrophosphokinase O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +account O +of O +high O +speed O +of O +photoinactivation O +with O +Rose O +bengale O +and O +methilene O +blue O +, O +sigmoid O +dependence O +of O +activity O +loss O +on O +pH O +under O +irradiation O +, O +characteristic O +narrowing O +of O +the O +modified O +enzyme O +absorption O +spectrum O +, O +it O +is O +suggested O +that O +imidazole O +residue O +of O +the O +histidine O +is O +one O +of O +the O +functional O +groups O +of O +thiamine B-Chemical +pyrophosphokinase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +interaction O +of O +trypsin O +with O +an O +acid O +polysaccharide O +, O +heparin B-Chemical +, O +at O +pH O +4 O +. O +2 O +and O +8 O +. O +0 O +is O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Data O +on O +trypsin O +inactivation O +kinetics O +suggest O +that O +the O +stage O +of O +forming O +molecular O +complexes O +with O +different O +contents O +of O +trypsin O +and O +heparin B-Chemical +precedes O +the O +stage O +of O +the O +enzyme O +denaturation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +, O +and O +the O +C O +- O +and O +N O +- O +terminal O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +of O +both O +forms O +of O +alpha O +- O +amylases O +were O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activation O +of O +purified O +adenylate O +deaminase O +from O +the O +duck O +myocardium O +by O +K O ++ O +is O +accompanied O +by O +modification O +of O +the O +substrate O +specificity O +and O +by O +the O +appearance O +of O +the O +capacity O +to O +deaminate O +adenosine B-Chemical +and O +adenine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +PH O +- O +dependence O +, O +mode O +of O +inhibition O +by O +phosphate B-Chemical +ions O +and O +the O +effect O +of O +alkaline O +metals O +suggests O +that O +adenosine B-Chemical +deamination O +is O +carried O +out O +by O +natural O +adenylate O +deaminase O +active O +centres O +when O +their O +conformation O +is O +changed O +under O +the O +activator O +action O +. O + +aps B-category +Ventilatory O +patterns O +in O +surgical O +patients O +premedicated O +with O +lorazepam B-Chemical +or O +diazepam B-Chemical +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Regional O +sensitivity O +of O +primate O +brain O +dopaminergic O +neurons O +to O +haloperidol B-Chemical +: O +alterations O +following O +chronic O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +ipsilateral O +tubercle O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +( O +TH O +) O +activity O +began O +to O +increase O +by O +10 O +- O +14 O +days O +following O +the O +lesion O +, O +gradually O +reaching O +a O +maximum O +of O +125 O +% O +of O +control O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +005 O +) O +by O +21 O +days O +where O +it O +remained O +permanently O +elevated O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +30 O +days O +the O +uptake O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +dopamine B-Chemical +into O +synaptosomes O +of O +the O +olfactory O +tubercle O +was O +also O +increased O +to O +140 O +% O +of O +control O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +granules O +gave O +a O +positive O +argentaffin O +reaction O +at O +the O +ultrastructural O +level O +, O +suggesting O +a O +possible O +existence O +of O +monoamines B-Chemical +in O +the O +granules O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +membrane O +potential O +on O +dialysis O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +in O +a O +continuous O +- O +flow O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +a O +radial O +diffusion O +assay O +we O +measured O +the O +activity O +of O +six O +NAD O +- O +and O +NADP O +- O +dependent O +oxidoreductases O +: O +alcohol B-Chemical +, O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +, O +hydroxysteroid O +, O +lactate B-Chemical +and O +malate B-Chemical +dehydrogenases O +, O +and O +glutathione B-Chemical +reductase O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparative O +study O +of O +chronotropic O +and O +inotropic O +responses O +to O +5 O +- O +( O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +2 O +- O +isopropylaminobutyl O +) O +- O +8 O +- O +hydroxycarbostyril O +hydrochloride O +hemihydrade O +( O +procaterol B-Chemical +) O +, O +salbutamol B-Chemical +, O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +in O +the O +dog O +heart O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +concluded O +that O +removal O +of O +Ca2 O ++ O +from O +the O +gustatory O +receptor O +membrane O +by O +the O +alkali B-Chemical +treatment O +led O +to O +enhancement O +of O +the O +responses O +and O +binding O +of O +extra O +Ca2 O ++ O +to O +the O +membrane O +by O +the O +incubation O +in O +acidic O +CaCl2 B-Chemical +solution O +led O +to O +suppression O +of O +the O +responses O +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +for O +anionic O +cation O +transport O +of O +lithium B-Chemical +, O +sodium B-Chemical +and O +potassium B-Chemical +across O +the O +human O +erythrocyte O +membrane O +induced O +by O +divalent O +anions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +these O +' O +carbonate O +type O +' O +anions O +were O +reversible O +and O +fully O +blocked O +by O +SITS O +, O +dipyridamole B-Chemical +and O +other O +inhibitors O +of O +anion O +transfer O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +the O +divalent O +carbonate O +type O +anions O +form O +singly O +charged O +, O +negative O +1 O +: O +1 O +ion O +pairs O +with O +the O +respective O +alkali B-Chemical +metal O +cations O +, O +the O +ion O +pairs O +traversing O +the O +red O +cell O +membrane O +via O +the O +anion O +exchange O +pathway O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +automated O +mixing O +apparatus O +for O +determining O +haemoglobin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxygen I-Chemical +dissociation O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +interactions O +of O +protons O +, O +calcium B-Chemical +and O +potassium B-Chemical +ions O +on O +cardiac O +Purkinje O +fibres O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +adrenergic O +alpha O +- O +agonist O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +appeared O +to O +be O +involved O +neither O +in O +the O +glycoprotein O +secretion O +nor O +in O +the O +direct O +regulation O +of O +the O +adenylate O +cyclase O +activity O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +inconsistent O +changes O +in O +activity O +prevented O +any O +firm O +conclusions O +being O +made O +about O +the O +effect O +of O +the O +ether B-Chemical +oxygen B-Chemical +and O +the O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +antagonistic O +activity O +of O +phenoxypropanolamines O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +study O +of O +the O +pharmacological O +properties O +of O +pyrrolo O +[ O +2 O +, O +1 O +- O +c O +] O +[ O +1 O +, O +4 O +] O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +derivatives O +led O +to O +the O +choice O +of O +( O ++ O +) O +- O +1 O +, O +2 O +, O +3 O +, O +11a O +- O +tetrahydro O +- O +10 O +- O +methyl O +- O +5H O +- O +pyrrolol O +[ O +2 O +, O +1 O +- O +c O +] O +[ O +1 O +, O +4 O +] O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +, O +11 O +) O +10H O +) O +- O +dione O +as O +a O +candidate O +for O +anxiolytic O +evaluation O +in O +a O +limited O +clinical O +trial O +in O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +series O +of O +1 O +- O +( O +4 O +- O +fluorophenyl O +) O +- O +4 O +- O +( O +1 O +- O +piperidinyl O +) O +- O +1 O +- O +butanones O +substituted O +with O +benzimidazole O +, O +benzotriazole O +, O +or O +quinoxaline O +at O +the O +4 O +position O +of O +the O +piperidine O +ring O +was O +synthesized O +and O +subjected O +to O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +tests O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +particular O +, O +4 O +- O +[ O +4 O +- O +( O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +dihydro O +- O +2 O +- O +thioxo O +- O +1H O +- O +benzimidazol O +- O +1 O +- O +yl O +) O +- O +1 O +- O +piperidinyl O +] O +- O +1 O +- O +( O +4 O +- O +fluorophenyl O +) O +- O +1 O +- O +butanone O +( O +10 O +) O +was O +characterized O +by O +having O +a O +potent O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +activity O +with O +less O +liability O +to O +the O +extrapyramidal O +side O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +1 O +' O +- O +[ O +3 O +- O +( O +4 O +- O +Fluorobenzoyl O +) O +propyl O +] O +- O +3 O +- O +( O +4 O +- O +fluorophenyl O +) O +spiro O +[ O +isobenzofuran O +- O +1 O +( O +3H O +) O +, O +4 O +' O +- O +piperidine O +] O +( O +2e O +) O +approached O +the O +per O +os O +potency O +of O +haloperidol B-Chemical +in O +this O +test O +and O +was O +shown O +to O +be O +active O +in O +inhibiting O +monkey O +avoidance O +also O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +lack O +of O +nonselective O +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +receptor I-Chemical +blocking O +effects O +makes O +2e O +attrative O +as O +a O +potential O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Neuroleptics B-Chemical +related O +to O +butaclamol O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Circular O +dichroism O +, O +laser O +Raman O +spectroscopy O +of O +nu O +1 O +, O +and O +the O +fluorescence O +of O +nu O +1 O +labeled O +with O +N O +- O +( O +3 O +- O +pyrene O +) O +maleimide O +on O +thiol B-Chemical +groups O +of O +H3 O +histone O +were O +employed O +to O +detect O +conformational O +transitions O +in O +nu O +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +Thyroid O +hormones O +, O +androgens B-Chemical +, O +and O +oestrogens B-Chemical +have O +important O +stimulating O +actions O +on O +skeletal O +growth O +and O +maturation O +. O + +aps B-category +RNase O +effect O +was O +inhibited O +by O +zinc B-Chemical +, O +copper B-Chemical +, O +iron B-Chemical +and O +cobalt B-Chemical +cations O +and O +activated O +by O +beta O +- O +mercaptoethanol O +, O +citrate B-Chemical +and O +EDTA O +. 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O +25 O +) O +, O +antazoline O +hydrochloride O +was O +electrochemically O +reduced O +at O +the O +dropping O +mercury O +electrode O +, O +with O +the O +production O +of O +two O +waves O +with O +E1 O +/ O +2 O +values O +of O +- O +- O +1 O +. O +35 O +and O +- O +- O +1 O +. O +65 O +V O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +model O +is O +presented O +of O +the O +pH O +- O +dependence O +of O +the O +number O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +linked I-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +binding O +sites O +established O +by O +nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +quadrupole O +- O +relaxation O +studies O +on O +various O +mutant O +and O +chemically O +modified O +hemoglobins O +. O + +aps B-category +Stability O +of O +horse O +muscle O +acylphosphatase O +to O +heat O +and O +to O +urea B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +Pretreatment O +with O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +( O +pimozide O +, O +haloperidol B-Chemical +, O +and O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +) O +, O +but O +not O +with O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +phenoxybenzamine O +, O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +para I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +, O +or O +physostigmine B-Chemical +, O +attenuated O +the O +cocaine B-Chemical +discrimination O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +use O +of O +percutaneous O +nephrostomy O +and O +urinary O +alkalinization O +in O +the O +dissolution O +of O +obstructing O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +stones O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +intraperitoneal O +injections O +of O +amphetamine B-Chemical +and O +methylphenidate B-Chemical +( O +ritalin O +) O +at O +relatively O +low O +and O +high O +doses O +, O +the O +anti O +- O +psychotic O +drugs O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +and O +haloperidol B-Chemical +and O +combinations O +of O +haloperidol B-Chemical +with O +methylphenidate B-Chemical +and O +amphetamine B-Chemical +on O +the O +urinary O +excretion O +levels O +of O +unconjugated O +meta O +and O +para O +tyramine O +in O +the O +rat O +have O +been O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +meta O +Tyramine O +was O +significantly O +reduced O +by O +a O +low O +dose O +of O +amphetamine B-Chemical +and O +a O +high O +dose O +of O +methylphenidate B-Chemical +but O +significantly O +increased O +by O +a O +high O +dose O +of O +amphetamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +intravenous O +injections O +of O +ketamine B-Chemical +in O +sheep O +on O +the O +cardiovascular O +and O +respiratory O +systems O +are O +compared O +with O +the O +effects O +of O +intracerebroventricular O +injections O +of O +the O +same O +drug O +and O +also O +with O +the O +effects O +of O +intravenous O +barbiturate B-Chemical +and O +steriod O +anaesthetics O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +intravenous O +injection O +of O +ketamine B-Chemical +gave O +a O +brief O +period O +of O +respiratory O +depression O +which O +was O +mirrored O +in O +the O +PaO2 O +and O +PaCO2 O +levels O +followed O +by O +a O +period O +of O +respiratory O +stimulation O +with O +elevated O +PaO2 O +levels O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Gastric O +acid O +secretion O +stimulated O +by O +a O +normally O +eaten O +beefsteak O +meal O +was O +measured O +for O +4 O +h O +in O +16 O +patients O +with O +duodenal O +ulcer O +disease O +( O +DU O +) O +, O +in O +9 O +patients O +with O +gastric O +ulcer O +disease O +( O +GU O +) O +, O +and O +in O +14 O +controls O +by O +intragastric O +titration O +with O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +to O +a O +constant O +pH O +5 O +. O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +action O +of O +tiapride B-Chemical +on O +headaches O +has O +been O +studied O +in O +several O +neurological O +departments O +, O +both O +in O +hospitalized O +and O +ambulatory O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +cases O +of O +recurrent O +psychotic O +depression O +are O +reported O +in O +which O +ECT O +( O +electroconvulsive O +therapy O +) O +was O +administered O +with O +good O +results O +for O +previous O +episodes O +of O +depression O +, O +but O +treatment O +of O +the O +current O +episode O +with O +combined O +drug O +therapy O +( O +antidepressant B-Chemical +and O +antipsychotic O +drugs O +) O +in O +one O +case O +and O +antidepressant B-Chemical +chemotherapy O +in O +the O +other O +resulted O +in O +failure O +to O +improve O +. O + +aps B-category +Reversible O +inhibition O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +absorption O +in O +the O +rat O +colon O +by O +low O +pH O +: O +a O +mechanism O +for O +diarrhea O +. O + +aps B-category +Heparin B-Chemical +' O +s O +endogenous O +function O +, O +primarily O +anticellular O +- O +destructive O +, O +incidentally O +anticoagulant O +, O +is O +dose O +- O +, O +source O +- O +, O +and O +pH O +- O +dependent O +. O + +aps B-category +New O +substrates O +for O +the O +radioassay O +of O +angiotensin B-Chemical +converting O +enzyme O +of O +endothelial O +cells O +in O +culture O +. O + +aps B-category +Substrate O +III O +can O +also O +be O +used O +to O +measure O +angiotensin B-Chemical +converting O +enzyme O +of O +cells O +but O +requires O +longer O +incubations O +( O +180 O +- O +- O +240 O +min O +) O +and O +high O +salt B-Chemical +concentrations O +( O +0 O +. O +75 O +M O +Na2SO4 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Aqueous O +humour O +changes O +after O +alkali B-Chemical +burns O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +ECG O +, O +free O +calcium B-Chemical +( O +CaF O +) O +, O +and O +other O +biochemical O +parameters O +were O +measured O +during O +reinfusion O +of O +citrate B-Chemical +anticoagulated O +blood O +in O +12 O +subjects O +undergoing O +plateletpheresis O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +subjects O +without O +symptoms O +the O +changes O +in O +Q O +- O +oTc O +, O +Pi O +, O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +, O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +through O +the O +plateletpheresis O +procedure O +were O +different O +from O +changes O +in O +all O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +monitoring O +of O +the O +ECG O +cannot O +substitute O +for O +direct O +measurement O +of O +free O +calcium B-Chemical +in O +citrate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +hypocalcemia O +, O +that O +the O +physical O +symptoms O +associated O +with O +similar O +levels O +of O +hypocalcemia O +are O +variable O +, O +that O +glucose B-Chemical +level O +may O +be O +a O +marker O +for O +the O +effects O +of O +citrate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +hypocalcemia O +, O +and O +that O +lowered O +citrate B-Chemical +loads O +during O +plateletpheresis O +appear O +warranted O +. 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O +8 O +degree O +C O +) O +and O +without O +it O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +increase O +in O +the O +amount O +of O +aspartate B-Chemical +in O +the O +brain O +under O +conditions O +of O +15 O +- O +minute O +hypoxia O +and O +its O +decrease O +with O +prolongation O +of O +the O +hypoxia O +period O +up O +to O +1 O +h O +may O +be O +explained O +by O +different O +mechanisms O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +metabolic O +transformations O +under O +these O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +increase O +in O +the O +glutamate B-Chemical +content O +in O +the O +brain O +the O +30 O +- O +and O +60 O +- O +minute O +hypoxic O +effect O +is O +accompanied O +by O +a O +rise O +of O +the O +activity O +in O +the O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthesis O +enzyme O +( O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +metabolites O +of O +procaterol B-Chemical +HCl O +in O +urine O +and O +faeces O +of O +dog O +and O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +Trimethylsilylated O +derivatives O +of O +procaterol B-Chemical +metabolites O +were O +identified O +by O +mass O +fragmentography O +as O +procaterol B-Chemical +glucuronide O +, O +5 O +- O +( O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxybutyl I-Chemical +) O +- O +8 O +- O +hydroxycarbostyril O +( O +desisopropylprocaterol O +) O +, O +5 O +- O +formyl O +- O +8 O +- O +hydroxycarbostyril O +, O +8 O +- O +hydroxycarbostyril O +and O +unchanged O +procaterol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Development O +during O +ontogenesis O +of O +the O +hormone O +reactivity O +of O +metabolic O +enzyme O +systems O +and O +cyclic B-Chemical +nucleotide I-Chemical +function O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +milk O +- O +clotting O +activity O +was O +greatly O +enhanced O +by O +manganous O +ions O +and O +by O +increasing O +concentrations O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Significant O +inhibition O +was O +also O +noted O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +at O +concentrations O +of O +3 O +% O +or O +more O +. O + +aps B-category +Histidine O +ammonia B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lyase I-Chemical +( O +EC O +4 O +. O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +3 O +) O +activity O +in O +the O +cell O +- O +free O +extracts O +of O +Hartmannella O +culbertsoni O +has O +been O +partially O +purified O +and O +the O +optimum O +activity O +is O +found O +at O +pH O +9 O +. O +0 O +- O +- O +9 O +. O +2 O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +for O +the O +prevention O +of O +bile B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +induced O +damage O +of O +gastric O +mucosa O +potent O +antacids O +are O +superior O +to O +potent O +bile B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +binding O +agents O +loosing O +the O +binding O +properties O +at O +low O +pH O +- O +values O +. O + +aps B-category +Pancreatic O +exocrine O +secretion O +has O +been O +studied O +in O +10 O +patients O +with O +documented O +duodenal O +ulcer O +before O +and O +after O +4 O +weeks O +of O +cimetidine B-Chemical +treatment O +( O +1 O +g O +/ O +die O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +acute O +hypercapnia O +and O +hypocapnia O +on O +plasma O +and O +red O +cell O +potassium B-Chemical +, O +blood O +lactate B-Chemical +and O +base O +excess O +in O +man O +during O +anesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +hypercapnia O +, O +serum O +potassium B-Chemical +rose O +, O +deltaK O +/ O +deltapH O +amounting O +to O +- O +0 O +. O +82 O +, O +- O +1 O +. O +05 O +and O +- O +1 O +. O +34 O +after O +30 O +, O +60 O +and O +90 O +min O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Red O +cell O +potassium B-Chemical +concentration O +decreased O +in O +all O +three O +groups O +to O +a O +similar O +extent O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Uptake O +of O +36Cl O +- O +was O +inhibited O +by O +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +dinitrophenol O +, O +increased O +by O +ouabain B-Chemical +, O +and O +not O +affected O +by O +omission O +of O +K O ++ O +, O +Na O ++ O +, O +or O +Ca2 O ++ O +. 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O + +aps B-category +SM O +220 O +, O +a O +new O +beta O +- O +receptor O +agonist O +, O +was O +compared O +with O +terbutaline B-Chemical +by O +construction O +of O +dose O +response O +curves O +for O +FEV1 O +, O +heart O +rate O +and O +blood O +pressure O +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +sodium B-Chemical +, O +serum O +chloride B-Chemical +, O +hematocrit O +, O +plasma O +volume O +, O +and O +blood O +volume O +were O +unchanged O +. O + +aps B-category +HR O +756 O +, O +the O +syn O +isomer O +of O +a O +new O +methoxyimino O +cephalosporin B-Chemical +with O +unusual O +antibacterial O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +range O +of O +inhibitory O +concentrations O +of O +HR O +756 O +against O +gram O +- O +negative O +bacteria O +, O +including O +Haemophilus O +influenzae O +, O +susceptible O +or O +resistant O +to O +penicillins B-Chemical +and O +cephalosporins B-Chemical +was O +from O +0 O +. O +01 O +to O +0 O +. O +1 O +mug O +/ O +ml O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +process O +is O +dependent O +on O +the O +additon O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +and O +protochlorophyllide O +and O +on O +illumination O +, O +which O +can O +be O +either O +continuous O +or O +intermittent O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +optimum O +of O +the O +reaction O +is O +at O +6 O +. O +9 O +and O +Km O +values O +for O +protochlorophyllide O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +are O +0 O +. O +46 O +and O +35 O +micron O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Rapid O +effects O +of O +hormones O +on O +glycogen O +metabolism O +and O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesis O +in O +the O +perfused O +liver O +of O +the O +mouse O +were O +studied O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Low O +concentrations O +of O +alanine B-Chemical +were O +very O +effective O +with O +the O +enzyme O +from O +the O +oyster O +( O +50 O +% O +inhibition O +was O +observed O +at O +0 O +. O +4mm O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +changes O +in O +concentrations O +of O +fructose O +bisphosphate O +, O +alanine B-Chemical +and O +ITP O +produce O +a O +coordinated O +mechanism O +of O +control O +of O +the O +activities O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +and O +phosphoenolpyruvate O +carboxykinase O +in O +the O +sea O +anemone O +and O +oyster O +muscles O +, O +which O +ensures O +that O +phosphoenolpyruvate O +is O +converted O +into O +oxaloacetate B-Chemical +and O +then O +into O +succinate O +in O +these O +muscles O +under O +anaerobic O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +may O +be O +part O +of O +a O +pathway O +for O +the O +oxidation O +of O +some O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +these O +muscles O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +calcium B-Chemical +ionophore O +A23187 O +can O +also O +evoke O +an O +increase O +in O +cyclic O +GMP O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +Ca2 O ++ O +ion O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +of O +hemoglobin O +betaSH O +chains O +is O +concentration O +dependent O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +on O +the O +reaction O +catalyzed O +by O +transport O +( O +Na O +, O +K O +) O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphatase O +- O +II O +. O + +aps B-category +Differences O +between O +the O +hydroperoxide O +- O +dependent O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +microsomal O +aryl O +hydrocarbon O +hydroxylase O +activities O +. O + +aps B-category +Tetrahydroisoquinolines O +derived O +from O +catecholamines B-Chemical +or O +DOPA O +: O +effects O +on O +brain O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Hepatic O +microsomal O +metabolism O +of O +epinephrine B-Chemical +and O +adrenochrome O +by O +superoxide B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +and O +- O +independent O +pathways O +. O + +aps B-category +Cumene O +hydroperoxide O +- O +supported O +microsomal O +hydroxylations O +of O +warfarin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +a I-Chemical +probe O +of O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +multiplicity O +and O +specificity O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +some O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +derivatives O +on O +fibrinolysis O +and O +serum O +lipids O +in O +normolipidaemic O +rats O +and O +in O +humans O +. O + +aps B-category +Ventilatory O +patterns O +in O +surgical O +patients O +premedicated O +with O +lorazepam B-Chemical +or O +diazepam B-Chemical +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Assignments O +of O +the O +Cepsilon1 O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peaks O +to O +histidine O +- O +40 O +and O +- O +57 O +were O +based O +on O +comparison O +of O +the O +NMR O +titration O +curves O +of O +the O +native O +zymogen O +with O +those O +of O +the O +diisopropylphosphoryl O +derivative O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +bovine O +chymotrypsinogen O +A O +in O +2H2O O +at O +31 O +degrees O +C O +, O +histidine O +- O +57 O +has O +a O +pK O +' O +of O +7 O +. O +3 O +and O +aspartate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +102 I-Chemical +a O +pK O +' O +of O +1 O +. O +4 O +, O +and O +the O +histidine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +40 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +194 I-Chemical +system O +exhibits O +inflections O +at O +pH O +4 O +. O +6 O +and O +2 O +. O +3 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +suggest O +that O +the O +pK O +' O +of O +histidine O +- O +57 O +is O +higher O +than O +the O +pK O +' O +of O +aspartate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +102 I-Chemical +in O +both O +zymogen O +and O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Chemical O +- O +modification O +studies O +on O +submitochondrial O +particle O +pyridine O +dinucleotide O +transhydrogenase O +( O +EC O +1 O +. O +6 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +) O +demonstrate O +the O +presence O +of O +one O +class O +of O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +group O +in O +the O +nicotinamide B-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +dinucleotide I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +( O +NADP O +) O +site O +and O +another O +peripheral O +to O +the O +active O +site O +. O + +aps B-category +NADP O ++ O +or O +NADPH B-Chemical +nearly O +completely O +protected O +against O +5 O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +dithiobis O +( O +2 O +- O +nitrobenzoic O +acid O +) O +inactivation O +and O +modification O +of O +both O +classes O +of O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +groups O +, O +while O +NADP O ++ O +only O +partially O +protected O +against O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +substantially O +stimulated O +N O +- O +ethylmaleimide O +inactivation O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +experiments O +indicate O +that O +neither O +class O +of O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +group O +is O +essential O +for O +transhydrogenation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mechanism O +of O +desensitization O +of O +glycerol O +kinase O +to O +allosteric O +inhibition O +by O +fructose O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +bisphosphate O +caused O +by O +salt B-Chemical +, O +urea B-Chemical +, O +and O +high O +pH O +has O +been O +examined O +in O +the O +light O +of O +the O +model O +proposed O +in O +an O +earlier O +paper O +[ O +de O +Riel O +, O +J O +. O +K O +. O +, O +and O +Paulus O +H O +. O +( O +1978 O +) O +, O +Biochemistry O +17 O +] O +relating O +subunit O +dissociation O +and O +ligand O +binding O +. O + +aps B-category +ACP O +functions O +( O +via O +the O +SH O +of O +the O +prosthetic O +group O +) O +as O +a O +coenzyme O +in O +the O +synthesis O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +and O +complex O +lipids O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +make O +the O +following O +conclusions O +: O +( O +1 O +) O +the O +structure O +of O +ACP O +is O +stabilized O +by O +surface O +charge O +, O +and O +( O +2 O +) O +the O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residue O +of O +acyl O +- O +ACP O +does O +not O +move O +freely O +and O +seems O +immobilized O +by O +an O +interaction O +with O +the O +protein O +moiety O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +product O +which O +accumulates O +in O +solution O +has O +been O +identified O +as O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +, O +4 O +- O +pentadienoate O +gamma O +- O +lactone O +, O +formed O +by O +intramolecular O +attack O +of O +the O +carboxylate O +anion O +on O +the O +electrophilic O +fourth O +carbon B-Chemical +of O +2 O +- O +iminium O +- O +3 O +, O +4 O +- O +pentadienoate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aminediene O +lactone O +is O +converted O +by O +base O +treatment O +to O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +keto I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +pentenoate I-Chemical +, O +which O +is O +also O +a O +strong O +inhibitor O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +and O +induces O +a O +charge O +- O +transfer O +complex O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +N O +- O +2 O +- O +hydroxyethyl O +- O +N O +' O +- O +2 O +- O +ethanesulfonic O +acid O +( O +Hepes O +) O +buffer O +, O +the O +oxidation O +product O +2 O +- O +iminium O +- O +4 O +- O +pentenoate O +predominantly O +reacts O +to O +form O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +, O +4 O +- O +pentadienoate O +, O +a O +strong O +noncovalent O +inhibitor O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +. O + +aps B-category +Syntheses O +of O +trans B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +and O +trans O +- O +2 O +- O +keto O +- O +3 O +- O +pentenoate O +are O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +Glutathione O +reductase O +( O +NAD O +( O +P O +) O +h O +: O +oxidized O +glutathione B-Chemical +oxidoreductase O +, O +EC O +1 O +. O +6 O +. O +4 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Glutathione O +reductase O +( O +NAD O +( O +P O +) O +H O +: O +oxidized B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutathione I-Chemical +oxidoreductase O +, O +EC O +1 O +. O +6 O +. O +4 O +. O +2 O +) O +was O +purified O +to O +homogeneity O +from O +porcine O +erythrocytes O +by O +use O +of O +affinity O +chromatography O +on O +2 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +ADP O +- O +Sepharose O +4 O +- O +B O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +a O +physiological O +concentration O +of O +reduced B-Chemical +glutathione I-Chemical +the O +apparent O +Michaelis O +constants O +for O +glutathione B-Chemical +disulfide O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +were O +higher O +than O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +reduced B-Chemical +glutathione I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +S O +- O +sulfoglutathione O +and O +some O +mixed O +disulfides O +of O +glutathione B-Chemical +were O +poor O +substrates O +with O +the O +exception O +of O +the O +mixed O +disulfide O +of O +coenzyme O +A O +and O +reduced B-Chemical +glutathione I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +proton O +stoichiometry O +for O +the O +oxidation O +of O +cytochrome O +c O +peroxidase O +( O +ferrocytochrome O +c O +: O +hydrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +oxidoreductase O +, O +EC O +1 O +. O +11 O +. O +1 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +adenine O +nucleotides O +and O +inorganic O +pyrophosphate O +on O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +from O +Anabaena O +cylindrica O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +alanine B-Chemical +and O +serine O +were O +uncompetitive O +with O +respect O +to O +glutamate B-Chemical +, O +while O +those O +of O +glycine B-Chemical +and O +asparatate O +were O +uncompetitive O +with O +respect O +to O +glutamate B-Chemical +, O +while O +those O +of O +glycine B-Chemical +and O +aspartate B-Chemical +were O +non O +- O +competitive O +and O +mixed O +type O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Glutamine O +synthetase O +was O +also O +inhibited O +by O +ADP O +and O +AMP O +and O +both O +nucleotides O +affected O +the O +enzyme O +competitively O +with O +respect O +to O +ATP O +and O +non O +- O +competitively O +for O +glutamate B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +Since O +the O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +changed O +smoothly O +over O +several O +pH O +units O +, O +this O +alkaline O +Bohr O +effect O +can O +not O +be O +associated O +with O +any O +well O +defined O +conformational O +change O +detected O +by O +NMR O +. O + +aps B-category +pH O +dependences O +of O +the O +first O +order O +association O +and O +dissociation O +rate O +constants O +were O +also O +studied O +by O +the O +temperature O +- O +jump O +method O +to O +suggest O +a O +strong O +linkage O +of O +the O +azide O +binding O +with O +a O +proton O +uptake O +of O +an O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residue O +on O +the O +enzyme O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +was O +not O +significantly O +changed O +in O +the O +supine O +position O +but O +was O +markedly O +increased O +on O +standing O +in O +four O +out O +of O +six O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +evident O +that O +3 O +% O +tryptic O +soy O +broth O +, O +3 O +% O +NZ O +- O +Amine O +NAK O ++ O +3 O +% O +casein O +hydrolysate O +, O +3 O +% O +NZ O +- O +Amine O +NAK O ++ O +1 O +% O +yeast O +extract O +, O +and O +3 O +% O +NZ O +- O +Amine O +NAK O ++ O +1 O +% O +yeast O +extract O ++ O +0 O +. O +2 O +% O +glucose B-Chemical +are O +most O +available O +toxin O +production O +media O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +glucose B-Chemical +concentration O +was O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +5 O +% O +, O +although O +with O +higher O +yield O +, O +the O +toxin O +production O +was O +delayed O +for O +certain O +period O +of O +time O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Extraction O +using O +various O +mixtures O +of O +butanol O +and O +di O +- O +isopropyl O +ether B-Chemical +( O +DIPE O +) O +produced O +largely O +similar O +results O +, O +except O +that O +25 O +% O +DIPE O +: O +75 O +% O +butanol O +mixture O +produced O +a O +marked O +loss O +of O +activity O +from O +serum O +. O + +aps B-category +Agarose O +- O +bound O +horse O +- O +liver O +alcohol B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +pH O +, O +active O +- O +site O +protection O +of O +the O +soluble O +enzyme O +and O +protein O +concentration O +on O +coupling O +of O +alcohol B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +with O +cyanogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bromide I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +activated I-Chemical +Sepharose O +has O +been O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +binary O +complex O +alcohol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dehydrogenase I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Eucaryotic O +L7 O +/ O +L12 O +- O +type O +proteins O +are O +present O +in O +ethanol B-Chemical +/ O +salt B-Chemical +extracts O +( O +P1 O +protein O +) O +of O +ribosomes O +from O +Artemia O +salina O +and O +rat O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +40 O +- O +S O +and O +60 O +- O +S O +ribosomal O +subunits O +extracted O +with O +ethanol B-Chemical +/ O +salt B-Chemical +were O +essentially O +free O +of O +eL12 O +proteins O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +method O +is O +described O +that O +permits O +simultaneous O +determination O +of O +the O +net O +charge O +transfer O +associated O +with O +Ca2 O ++ O +transport O +by O +the O +ruthenium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +red I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +carrier O +and O +the O +ionized O +internal O +[ O +Ca2 O ++ O +] O +in O +heart O +mitochondria O +. O + +aps B-category +Fatty O +acid O +synthetase O +was O +purified O +13 O +- O +fold O +from O +lactating O +rabbit O +mammary O +glands O +by O +a O +procedure O +which O +involved O +chromatography O +on O +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +, O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulphate O +precipitation O +and O +gel O +filtration O +on O +Sepharose O +4B O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +subunit O +molecular O +weight O +determined O +by O +gel O +electrophoresis O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulphate O +was O +252 O +, O +000 O ++ O +/ O +- O +6 O +, O +000 O +, O +and O +the O +molecular O +weight O +of O +the O +native O +enzyme O +measured O +by O +sedimentation O +equilibrium O +was O +515 O +, O +000 O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +only O +a O +small O +quantity O +of O +alkali B-Chemical +labile O +phosphate B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +2 O +molecules O +per O +subunit O +) O +bound O +covalently O +to O +the O +purified O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +sedimentation O +constant O +, O +S20 O +, O +w O +, O +was O +50 O +. O +5 O +S O +, O +the O +absorption O +index O +, O +A280nm1 O +% O +, O +was O +14 O +. O +5 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +7 O +, O +and O +the O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +was O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +large O +emount O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +( O +3 O +. O +2 O +molecules O +per O +subunit O +) O +was O +found O +to O +be O +bound O +covalently O +to O +the O +purified O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +and O +the O +extent O +of O +the O +reaction O +are O +different O +for O +the O +oxy O +and O +deoxyderivatives O +, O +probably O +due O +to O +the O +change O +in O +reactivity O +of O +the O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +in O +the O +liganded O +and O +unliganded O +tetramer O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +binding O +of O +protons O +and O +inositol B-Chemical +hexakisphosphate O +to O +ligated O +and O +unligated O +human O +des O +- O +Arg141alpha O +- O +hemoglobin O +. O + +aps B-category +Study O +of O +the O +tryptophan B-Chemical +residues O +of O +lysozyme O +using O +1H O +nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +course O +of O +performing O +experiments O +to O +make O +assignments O +, O +several O +interesting O +aspects O +of O +the O +behaviour O +of O +the O +tryptophan B-Chemical +residues O +in O +the O +protein O +structure O +were O +observed O +and O +are O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Contractility O +indexes O +were O +less O +influenced O +by O +bunitrolol O +and O +oxprenolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +disposition O +and O +effect O +of O +timolol B-Chemical +and O +propranolol B-Chemical +on O +exercise O +tachycardia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +available O +fraction O +of O +timolol B-Chemical +in O +the O +systemic O +circulation O +was O +estimated O +to O +be O +approximately O +60 O +% O +of O +the O +dose O +, O +and O +17 O +. O +4 O +% O +was O +exereted O +unchanged O +in O +urine O +. O + +aps B-category +Chronopharmacological O +study O +of O +antihistamines O +in O +man O +with O +special O +references O +to O +terfenadine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Influence O +of O +food O +on O +the O +absorption O +of O +acetylsalicylic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +from O +enteric O +- O +coated O +dosage O +forms O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +absorption O +from O +the O +enteric O +- O +coated O +granules O +was O +not O +influenced O +by O +the O +intake O +of O +food O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +relatively O +specific O +method O +for O +the O +quantitative O +assay O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +H2 O +- O +receptor O +antagonists O +has O +been O +developed O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +the O +induced O +gastric O +acid O +secretion O +, O +the O +animal O +received O +two O +consecutive O +equal O +injections O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +( O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +intrajugularly O +) O +, O +the O +second O +1 O +. O +7 O +h O +after O +the O +termination O +of O +the O +first O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +acid O +hypersecretion O +. O + +aps B-category +Metiamide O +inhibited O +the O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +acid O +secretion O +( O +ED50 O +1 O +. O +85 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +Other O +mechanisms O +involving O +cholinergic O +tone O +, O +biogenic O +amine B-Chemical +uptake O +and O +histamine B-Chemical +H1 O +- O +receptors O +do O +not O +seem O +to O +intervene O +. O + +aps B-category +Clozapine O +increased O +brain O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +( O +NA O +) O +metabolism O +, O +as O +indicated O +by O +changes O +in O +3 O +- O +methoxy O +- O +4 O +- O +hydroxyphenylglycol O +sulfate O +content O +, O +in O +brain O +regions O +corresponding O +to O +the O +predominance O +of O +alpha O +- O +over O +beta O +- O +receptors O +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O +, O +hypothalamus O +, O +medulla O +, O +midbrain O +and O +cortex O +, O +but O +not O +corpus O +striatum O +or O +cerebellum O +. O + +aps B-category +Thioridazine O +and O +the O +benzodioxane O +, O +dibozane O +, O +had O +regional O +effects O +similar O +to O +clozapine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +unlikely O +that O +the O +antipsychotic O +activity O +of O +clozapine B-Chemical +is O +related O +to O +a O +specific O +adrenolytic O +effect O +, O +but O +may O +reflect O +the O +combined O +activity O +of O +this O +drug O +on O +several O +transmitter O +systems O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +chlorinated O +derivative O +[ O +Ro O +03 O +- O +7894 O +; O +1 O +- O +[ O +5 O +- O +chloracetylaminobenzfuran O +- O +2 O +- O +yl O +) O +- O +2 O +- O +isopropyl O +- O +aminoethanol O +] O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +exhibited O +concentration O +- O +dependent O +non O +- O +competitive O +irreversible O +blocking O +activity O +as O +measured O +by O +depression O +of O +the O +maximum O +responses O +which O +were O +not O +restored O +by O +a O +washout O +period O +that O +successfully O +reversed O +Ro O +03 O +- O +5255 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +blockade O +by O +Ro O +03 O +- O +7894 O +was O +relatively O +specific O +for O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptors O +since O +it O +did O +not O +antagonize O +histamine B-Chemical +or O +calcium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +thiosulphate B-Chemical +was O +ineffective O +in O +reversing O +an O +established O +blockade O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +same O +pA2 O +value O +was O +obtained O +for O +blockade O +of O +the O +contractile O +effect O +of O +amidephrine O +and O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +on O +the O +rat O +vas O +deferens O +. O + +aps B-category +pH O +and O +temperature O +dependence O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +uptake O +in O +human O +erythrocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +components O +were O +abolished O +by O +p O +- O +nitrobenzylthioguanosine O +or O +dipyridamole B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +cholinergic O +stimulant O +, O +butyltrimethylammonium O +bromide B-Chemical +and O +serotonin B-Chemical +increased O +the O +tissue O +levels O +of O +cyclic O +GMP O +in O +the O +taenia O +caecum O +of O +guinea O +pig O +but O +not O +those O +in O +the O +longitudinal O +muscle O +of O +rat O +duodenum O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activity O +of O +8 O +widely O +antipsychotic O +drugs O +as O +antagonists O +of O +central O +histamine B-Chemical +H1 O +receptors O +was O +determined O +from O +the O +inhibition O +of O +the O +binding O +of O +3H O +- O +mepyramine O +to O +a O +membrane O +fraction O +from O +guinea O +- O +pig O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Haloperidol B-Chemical +and O +spiperone B-Chemical +were O +markedly O +weaker O +antihistamines O +than O +the O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Antagonism O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +catalepsy O +by O +L O +- O +prolyl O +- O +L O +- O +leucyl O +- O +glycinamide O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +acute O +administration O +of O +PLG O +( O +10 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +s O +. O +c O +. O +) O +slightly O +attenuated O +the O +cataleptic O +response O +, O +chronic O +PLG O +treatment O +( O +10 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +s O +. O +c O +. O +for O +10 O +days O +) O +virtually O +abolished O +morphine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +catalepsy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +the O +unilateral O +application O +of O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +, O +benztropine B-Chemical +, O +haloperidol B-Chemical +and O +thioproperazine O +to O +one O +substantia O +nigra O +on O +the O +release O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopamine I-Chemical +( O +3H O +- O +DA O +) O +in O +the O +two O +caudate O +nuclei O +were O +examined O +in O +halothane B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +anesthetized I-Chemical +cats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +nigral O +application O +of O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +( O +10 O +- O +6 O +M O +) O +or O +benztropine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +- O +6 O +M O +) O +reduced O +the O +release O +of O +3 O +- O +H O +- O +DA O +in O +in O +the O +ipsilateral O +caudate O +nucleus O +and O +induced O +an O +opposite O +effect O +in O +the O +contralateral O +side O +. O + +aps B-category +Serotonin B-Chemical +antagonists O +and O +central O +hyperthermia O +produced O +by O +biogenic O +amines B-Chemical +in O +conscious O +rabbits O +. O + +aps B-category +cinanserin O +, O +methiothepin O +, O +2 O +- O +bromo O +LSD O +, O +methysergide B-Chemical +and O +dimetiotazine O +are O +investigated O +in O +the O +present O +report O +. O + +aps B-category +Cinanserin O +, O +however O +, O +differed O +from O +cyproheptadine B-Chemical +in O +selectively O +antagonizing O +and O +early O +component O +of O +the O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +rise O +, O +unmasking O +an O +important O +fall O +and O +leaving O +a O +late O +hyperthermic O +component O +unaffected O +, O +thus O +disclosing O +three O +distinct O +effects O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +action O +. O + +aps B-category +Methiothepin O +and O +methysergide B-Chemical +inhibited O +both O +the O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +and O +DA O +hyperthermia O +; O +cinanserin O +- O +- O +like O +cyproheptadine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +was I-Chemical +more O +effective O +on O +the O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +rise O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +the O +drugs O +studied O +on O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +action O +argue O +in O +favour O +of O +the O +existence O +of O +several O +types O +of O +central O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +potentiation O +of O +the O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +temperature O +rise O +by O +2 O +- O +bromo O +LSD O +and O +methysergide B-Chemical +might O +result O +from O +an O +antagonism O +of O +the O +hypothermic O +component O +. O + +aps B-category +Analysis O +of O +the O +action O +of O +4 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminopyridine I-Chemical +during O +repetitive O +stimulation O +at O +the O +neuromuscular O +junction O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +mainly O +without O +effect O +when O +compared O +with O +conventional O +excitatory O +and O +inhibitory O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +the O +dipeptide O +tended O +to O +be O +depressive O +when O +ejected O +as O +a O +cation O +and O +excitant O +when O +ejected O +as O +an O +anion O +. O + +aps B-category +Samples O +from O +100 O +patients O +with O +anemia O +and O +2 O +phenyl O +- O +ketonuric O +infants O +on O +low O +- O +protein O +diets O +contained O +glutathione B-Chemical +peroxidase O +activity O +similar O +to O +that O +in O +82 O +controls O +, O +when O +screened O +for O +the O +enzyme O +defect O +by O +the O +new O +procedure O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +dorsal O +metatarsal O +artery O +, O +only O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +dopamine B-Chemical +were O +detectable O +, O +and O +the O +axon O +profiles O +observed O +contained O +numerous O +small O +granular O +vesicles O +. O + +aps B-category +Intramitochondrial O +phosphate B-Chemical +is O +the O +source O +of O +protons O +in O +the O +response O +of O +liver O +mitochondria O +to O +cations O +. O + +aps B-category +GVH O +cells O +isolated O +from O +peripheral O +blood O +7 O +days O +after O +transplantation O +showed O +a O +high O +labelling O +index O +( O +about O +30 O +% O +) O +after O +40 O +min O +incubation O +with O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +lactate B-Chemical +concentrations O +were O +elevated O +and O +account O +for O +the O +frequent O +mild O +acidosis O +found O +in O +hyperosmolar O +coma O +. O + +aps B-category +Adjuvant O +progesterone B-Chemical +therapy O +for O +stage O +I O +endometrial O +carcinoma O +. O + +aps B-category +Systemic O +reactions O +with O +total O +dose O +infusion O +of O +iron B-Chemical +dextran I-Chemical +complex O +in O +obstetric O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Antihistamine O +premedication O +included O +administration O +of O +promethazine B-Chemical +hydrochloride O +to O +104 O +patients O +and O +intramuscular O +and O +intravenous O +drip O +chlorpheniramine B-Chemical +hydrogen B-Chemical +maleate B-Chemical +to O +206 O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pharmacology O +of O +labetalol B-Chemical +, O +an O +alpha O +- O +and O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +blocking O +agent O +. O + +aps B-category +Histamine B-Chemical +receptors O +in O +the O +gastric O +microcirculation O +. O + +aps B-category +Change O +in O +arteriolar O +diameter O +in O +response O +to O +superfusion O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +with O +and O +without O +antagonists O +was O +measured O +by O +an O +image O +- O +splitting O +technique O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +H1 O +effect O +was O +predominant O +in O +the O +antrum O +( O +the O +H2 O +antagonist O +inhibited O +histamine B-Chemical +dilatation O +only O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +the O +H1 O +antagonist O +) O +, O +while O +H1 O +and O +H2 O +effects O +were O +approximately O +equal O +and O +independent O +in O +the O +corpus O +. O + +aps B-category +Electrical O +or O +potassium B-Chemical +stimulation O +elicit O +physiologically O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +release O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +tyramine O +. O + +aps B-category +Metabolism O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +noradrenaline I-Chemical +was O +unchanged O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +other O +tissues O +there O +was O +no O +evidence O +obtained O +for O +presynaptic O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +beta O +- O +, O +muscarine B-Chemical +, O +nicotine B-Chemical +and O +angiotensin B-Chemical +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +acute O +and O +chronic O +administration O +of O +D O +- O +Galactosamine O +( O +GalN O +) O +, O +Ethanol O +and O +Phenobarbital B-Chemical +were O +investigated O +on O +the O +activities O +of O +lysosomal O +enzymes O +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O + +aps B-category +3 O +) O +Chronic O +ethanol B-Chemical +treatment O +in O +rats O +induced O +clearly O +- O +stained O +lysosomes O +varied O +in O +size O +, O +especially O +large O +- O +sized O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +A O +longitudinal O +study O +on O +the O +EEG O +abnormalities O +in O +schizophrenic O +patients O +treated O +with O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Growth O +of O +A O +. O +viscosus O +in O +media O +supplemented O +with O +0 O +. O +1 O +% O +A O +. O +viscosus O +levan O +resulted O +in O +a O +33 O +- O +fold O +increase O +and O +a O +7 O +- O +fold O +increase O +in O +the O +specific O +activities O +of O +the O +respective O +extracellular O +and O +cell O +- O +associated O +enzymes O +when O +compared O +with O +those O +from O +55 O +mM O +glucose B-Chemical +cultures O +. O + +aps B-category +Analysis O +for O +the O +presence O +of O +extracellular O +levan O +during O +growth O +of O +A O +. O +viscosus O +in O +sucrose B-Chemical +broths O +demonstrated O +that O +peak O +levan O +concentrations O +occurred O +during O +the O +mid O +- O +exponential O +to O +late O +- O +exponential O +phase O +of O +growth O +followed O +by O +a O +rapid O +decline O +in O +extracellular O +levan O +as O +a O +result O +of O +levan O +hydrolase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +under O +conditions O +in O +which O +the O +decrease O +in O +epinephrine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +hyperglycemia O +after O +B O +. O +pertussis O +administration O +was O +demonstrable O +, O +there O +was O +no O +change O +in O +rat O +reticulocyte O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +receptor O +number O +or O +affinity O +measured O +by O +iodohydroxybenzylpindolol O +binding O +or O +in O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stimulated I-Chemical +adenylate O +cyclase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +binding O +of O +[ O +1 O +, O +2 O +- O +3H O +] O +cholesterol B-Chemical +to O +Neisseria O +gonorrhoeae O +CS O +- O +7 O +, O +Pseudomonas O +aeruginosa O +, O +and O +Salmonella O +typhimurium O +( O +smooth O +and O +rough O +strains O +) O +was O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +98 O +% O +of O +the O +labeled O +cholesterol B-Chemical +was O +associated O +with O +the O +cell O +membrane O +( O +s O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Intact O +gonococci O +bound O +4 O +to O +30 O +times O +more O +cholesterol B-Chemical +than O +the O +deep O +rough O +mutant O +S O +. O +typhimurium O +TA1535 O +, O +the O +wild O +- O +type O +S O +. O +typhimurium O +DB O +- O +21 O +, O +and O +P O +. O +aeruginosa O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +the O +outer O +membrane O +can O +function O +as O +a O +permeability O +barrier O +to O +cholesterol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +binding O +by O +whole O +cells O +of O +N O +. O +gonorrhoeae O +decreased O +markedly O +at O +lower O +temperatures O +, O +with O +almost O +complete O +cessation O +of O +binding O +at O +0 O +degrees O +C O +. O +A O +similar O +temperature O +effect O +on O +the O +binding O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +to O +isolated O +membranes O +was O +not O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +organism O +was O +cultivated O +in O +either O +whole O +- O +salivary O +supernatant O +or O +parotid O +fluid O +, O +both O +of O +which O +were O +supplemented O +with O +glucose B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +1 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Approximately O +50 O +to O +90 O +% O +of O +wall O +carbohydrate O +of O +Lactobacillus O +fermentum O +and O +Lactobacillus O +casei O +was O +released O +when O +cell O +wall O +preparations O +were O +autoclaved O +in O +0 O +. O +85 O +% O +NaCl B-Chemical +for O +180 O +min O +. O + +aps B-category +Isolated O +synaptosomes O +of O +calf O +brain O +cortex O +incorporated O +labelled O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +into O +their O +mitochondrial O +, O +membranous O +and O +soluble O +proteins O +in O +an O +approximate O +ratio O +of O +1 O +: O +1 O +: O +0 O +. O +5 O +Synaptosomal O +protein O +synthesis O +was O +sensitive O +to O +ATP O +, O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +, O +cycloheximide B-Chemical +and O +puromycin O +, O +and O +together O +with O +mitochondrial O +protein O +synthesis O +, O +also O +to O +chloramphenicol B-Chemical +, O +2 O +. O +4 O +- O +dinitrophenol O +, O +KCN O +and O +hyperosmotic O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +possible O +teratogenicity O +of O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +and O +lithium B-Chemical +salts O +was O +discussed O +and O +the O +chromosomal O +abnormalities O +seen O +in O +patients O +treated O +with O +lithium B-Chemical +salts O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +13 O +of O +27 O +cases O +of O +persistent O +dyskinesia O +, O +treatment O +with O +amantadine B-Chemical +, O +in O +an O +average O +dose O +of O +300 O +mg O +, O +brought O +good O +to O +moderate O +improvement O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +more O +than O +50 O +percent O +of O +the O +cases O +of O +initial O +tremor O +induced O +by O +lithium B-Chemical +therapy O +, O +oxprenolol B-Chemical +in O +daily O +doses O +of O +160 O +- O +- O +240 O +mg O +produced O +good O +effects O +and O +moderate O +improvement O +was O +noted O +in O +a O +few O +further O +cases O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +is O +the O +converse O +of O +the O +experience O +gained O +with O +the O +classical O +antiparkinson O +agents O +, O +which O +have O +proved O +more O +effective O +against O +tremor O +induced O +by O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +than O +against O +lithium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +tremor O +. O + +aps B-category +Increased O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +like I-Chemical +activity O +, O +determined O +in O +the O +aqueous O +after O +an O +acid O +burn O +, O +was O +greatly O +inhibited O +by O +pretreatment O +of O +rabbits O +with O +indomethacin B-Chemical +and O +to O +a O +much O +lesser O +extent O +by O +pretreatment O +with O +imidazole O +. O + +aps B-category +Analysis O +of O +changes O +in O +pH O +and O +protein O +level O +in O +the O +aqueous O +implies O +that O +the O +stimulus O +for O +prostaglanding O +release O +within O +the O +eye O +is O +the O +penetration O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ions O +into O +the O +aqueous O +humor O +, O +with O +resultant O +intraocular O +trauma O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +cytochemical O +method O +for O +the O +localization O +of O +nucleotide B-Chemical +pyrophosphatase O +activity O +in O +plants O +employing O +naphthol O +AS O +- O +BI O +thymidine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +and O +alpha O +- O +naphthyl O +thymidine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +as O +specific O +substrates O +is O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +Myofibrils O +from O +the O +different O +muscles O +were O +also O +subjected O +to O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulphate O +acrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +in O +order O +to O +separate O +the O +low O +molecular O +weight O +components O +of O +myosin O +. O + +aps B-category +Mixing O +technique O +for O +study O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hemoglobin I-Chemical +equilibrium O +: O +a O +critical O +evaluation O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +shown O +that O +the O +volume O +and O +oxygen B-Chemical +saturation O +of O +the O +mixed O +samples O +are O +by O +far O +the O +most O +critical O +parameters O +in O +calculating O +SO2 O +, O +and O +a O +method O +is O +suggested O +by O +which O +the O +volume O +ratio O +is O +accurately O +measured O +by O +weighing O +the O +blood O +samples O +before O +mixing O +. O + +aps B-category +Body O +temperature O +increase O +caused O +marked O +increases O +in O +minute O +ventilation O +( O +VE O +) O +, O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +( O +VO2 O +) O +, O +and O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +production O +( O +VCO2 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Crystalline O +reduced O +nicotinamide B-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +dinucleotide I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adrenodoxin I-Chemical +reductase O +from O +pig O +adrenocortical O +mitochondria O +. O + +aps B-category +Pig O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adrenodoxin I-Chemical +reductase O +was O +crystallized O +from O +pig O +adrenocortical O +mitochondria O +and O +its O +physicochemical O +properties O +were O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Pig O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adrenodoxin I-Chemical +reductase O +, O +unlike O +bovine O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adrenodoxin I-Chemical +reductase O +, O +was O +found O +to O +be O +free O +of O +carbohydrate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +indicate O +that O +a O +histidyl O +and O +a O +cysteinyl O +residue O +of O +the O +adrenodoxin O +reductase O +are O +essential O +for O +the O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +site O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +enzyme O +catalyzed O +formation O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +and O +ammonia B-Chemical +not O +only O +from O +D O +- O +serine O +but O +also O +from O +L O +- O +serine O +, O +and O +also O +catalyzed O +the O +formation O +of O +alpha O +- O +ketobutyrate O +and O +ammonia B-Chemical +from O +D O +- O +threonine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +formation O +of O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glycine I-Chemical +from O +asparagine O +and O +glycine B-Chemical +was O +demonstrated O +in O +the O +supernatant O +of O +rat O +kidney O +. O + +aps B-category +beta O +- O +Aspartyl O +dipeptides O +also O +transferred O +their O +aspartyl O +residues O +to O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +three O +glucoamylases O +were O +glycoproteins O +differing O +in O +both O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +and O +carbohydrate O +content O +, O +but O +showed O +a O +common O +antigenicity O +in O +immunodiffusion O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +cellotriose O +and O +- O +tetraose O +, O +cellopentaose O +and O +- O +hexaose O +were O +attacked O +very O +rapidly O +, O +and O +only O +cellobiose O +was O +produced O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +amine B-Chemical +components O +, O +hydrophobic O +or O +bulky O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +were O +useful O +at O +the O +N O +- O +terminal O +position O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +could O +be O +partly O +overcome O +by O +increasing O +the O +concentration O +of O +either O +the O +carboxyl O +or O +the O +amine B-Chemical +component O +to O +more O +than O +ten O +times O +that O +of O +the O +other O +. O + +aps B-category +Determination O +of O +antipsychotic O +drugs O +by O +gas O +- O +liquid O +chromatography O +with O +a O +nitrogen B-Chemical +detector O +using O +a O +simple O +acetylation O +technique O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +chloroform B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetone I-Chemical +( O +4 O +: O +1 O +) O +system O +is O +recommended O +as O +the O +best O +system O +to O +use O +when O +screening O +for O +both O +acidic O +and O +neutral O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +combination O +of O +the O +ethyl O +acetate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methanol I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ammonia I-Chemical +( O +85 O +: O +10 O +: O +5 O +) O +system O +with O +either O +of O +these O +gives O +the O +best O +pair O +of O +systems O +. O + +aps B-category +Separation O +of O +penicillin B-Chemical +and O +cephalosporin B-Chemical +diastereoisomers O +by O +reversed O +- O +phase O +high O +- O +performance O +liquid O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +2 O +) O +about O +strength O +of O +soldered O +joints O +of O +Co O +- O +Cr O +wire O +using O +silver B-Chemical +solder O +and O +Pd O +- O +solder O +, O +and O +observation O +on O +the O +corrosion O +of O +soldered O +- O +joints O +by O +the O +scanning O +electron O +- O +microscope O +. O + +aps B-category +Concentrations O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ions O +, O +oxygen B-Chemical +, O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +in O +porcine O +follicular O +fluid O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +( O +CP O +) O +, O +a O +known O +immunosuppressant O +, O +had O +a O +potent O +effect O +upon O +the O +antibody O +responses O +to O +both O +S3 O +and O +tetanus O +toxoid O +. O + +aps B-category +Biosynthesis O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +from O +[ O +2 O +- O +14C O +] O +acetate O +and O +[ O +2 O +- O +14C O +] O +mevalonate O +was O +decreased O +by O +51 O +percent O +and O +31 O +percent O +respectively O +after O +30 O +days O +, O +but O +no O +significant O +inhibition O +was O +observed O +after O +14 O +days O +of O +feeding O +Aroclor O +1254 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +in O +vitro O +incorporation O +of O +each O +[ O +2 O +- O +14C O +] O +acetate O +, O +[ O +2 O +- O +14C O +] O +mevalonate O +and O +[ O +1 O +- O +14C O +] O +isopentenyl O +pyrophosphate O +into O +cholesterol B-Chemical +was O +inhibited O +by O +Aroclor O +1254 O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +ATP O +and O +citrate B-Chemical +concentrations O +were O +varied O +, O +the O +Ki O +' O +s O +were O +5 O +. O +3 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +and O +11 O +. O +5 O +X O +13 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +an O +apparent O +diversion O +of O +acetate O +from O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesis O +into O +the O +formation O +of O +non O +- O +saponifiable O +lipids O +, O +accompanied O +by O +an O +inhibition O +of O +the O +biosynthesis O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +per O +se O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dependence O +of O +net O +charge O +and O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +of O +human O +hemoglobin O +upon O +hemoglobin O +concentration O +was O +reinvestigated O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +of O +human O +hemoglobin O +was O +determined O +from O +measurements O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +concentrations O +in O +equilibrated O +samples O +using O +a O +Lex O +- O +O2 O +- O +Con O +apparatus O +( O +Lexington O +Instruments O +, O +Waltham O +, O +Mass O +. O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulphate O +gel O +electrophoresis O +of O +the O +protein O +suggested O +there O +were O +two O +equal O +subunits O +with O +molecular O +weights O +of O +57000 O +. O + +aps B-category +patterns O +associated O +with O +apnea O +are O +NRem O +- O +sleep O +serotonin B-Chemical +dependent O +, O +and O +have O +an O +inhibitory O +influence O +on O +the O +respiratory O +centers O +, O +by O +alternating O +the O +equilibrium O +between O +the O +catecholamines B-Chemical +and O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +activities O +. O + +aps B-category +Role O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +B12 I-Chemical +and O +enzymes O +related O +to O +methylmalonyl O +- O +CoA O +mutase O +in O +a O +methanol O +- O +utilizing O +bacterium O +, O +Protaminobacter O +ruber O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cell O +- O +free O +extracts O +of O +P O +. O +ruber O +grown O +on O +non O +- O +C1 O +compounds O +as O +a O +sole O +carbon B-Chemical +and O +energy O +source O +also O +had O +methylmalonyl O +- O +CoA O +mutase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +uniformity O +of O +content O +of O +ethinyloestradiol B-Chemical +tablets O +10 O +micrograms O +B O +. O +P O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +the O +photodecomposition O +of O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +on O +lecithin O +monolayers O +. O + +aps B-category +Gastric O +ulceration O +and O +the O +concentration O +of O +salicylate B-Chemical +in O +plasma O +in O +rats O +after O +administration O +of O +14C O +- O +labelled O +aspirin B-Chemical +and O +its O +synthetic O +triglyceride B-Chemical +, O +1 O +, O +3 O +- O +dipalmitoyl O +- O +2 O +( O +2 O +' O +- O +acetoxy O +- O +[ O +14C O +] O +carboxylbenzoyl O +) O +glycerol O +. O + +aps B-category +Metabolism O +of O +the O +compound O +with O +the O +labelled O +( O +14C O +) O +drug O +residue O +introduced O +specifically O +into O +the O +2 O +- O +position O +of O +the O +triglyceride B-Chemical +is O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +compounds O +gave O +a O +therapeutic O +concentration O +of O +salicylate B-Chemical +in O +the O +plasma O +after O +ingestion O +. O + +aps B-category +Whereas O +pronounced O +ulceration O +of O +the O +rat O +stomach O +occurred O +with O +free O +aspirin B-Chemical +, O +the O +above O +fatty O +acyl O +glyceride O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +produced O +no O +ulceration O +. O + +aps B-category +Intraperitoneal O +administration O +of O +a O +peripheral O +decarboxylase O +inhibitor O +benserazide B-Chemical +( O +Ro4 O +- O +4602 O +) O +to O +unanesthetized O +rats O +produced O +alterations O +in O +body O +temperature O +which O +depended O +on O +ambient O +temperature O +. O + +aps B-category +Benserazide O +treatment O +produced O +no O +significant O +change O +in O +brain O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +content O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +PGE1 B-Chemical +on O +peristalsis O +and O +on O +perivascular O +nerve O +inhibition O +of O +peristaltic O +activity O +in O +guinea O +- O +pig O +isolated O +ileum O +. O + +aps B-category +PGE1 B-Chemical +( O +14 O +nM O +, O +0 O +. O +11 O +microM O +and O +0 O +. O +56 O +microM O +) O +increased O +peristaltic O +activity O +of O +both O +longitudinal O +and O +circular O +muscle O +, O +mainly O +by O +increasing O +the O +amplitude O +of O +contraction O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibition O +of O +peristaltic O +activity O +caused O +by O +perivascular O +nerve O +stimulation O +was O +antagonized O +by O +0 O +. O +56 O +microM O +PGE1 B-Chemical +but O +slightly O +increased O +by O +14 O +nM O +PGE1 B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxylase I-Chemical +( O +DBH O +) O +concentrations O +have O +been O +postulated O +as O +providing O +an O +index O +of O +sympathetic O +nerve O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Theophylline B-Chemical +in O +myasthenia O +gravis O +, O +III O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +leucocyte O +migration O +by O +salicylates B-Chemical +and O +indomethacin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Atropine B-Chemical +manipulation O +of O +elevated O +cerebral O +dopamine B-Chemical +turnover O +caused O +by O +haloperidol B-Chemical +or O +substituted O +benzamide B-Chemical +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Differential O +activities O +of O +some O +benzamide B-Chemical +derivatives O +on O +peripheral O +and O +intracerebral O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +in O +sound O +- O +induced O +convulsions O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +phenobarbitone B-Chemical +on O +the O +disposition O +of O +lignocaine B-Chemical +and O +warfarin B-Chemical +in O +the O +dog O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +dependent O +absorption O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +and O +indomethacin B-Chemical +by O +Parafilm O +, O +a O +stimulant O +of O +salivary O +secretion O +. O + +aps B-category +Actions O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +on O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +receptors O +of O +snail O +neurons O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +implication O +of O +stearate O +mould O +release O +agents O +in O +the O +loss O +of O +benzalkonium O +chloride B-Chemical +from O +ophthalmic O +solutions O +in O +polyethylene O +bottles O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +nonionic O +surfactants O +on O +the O +absorption O +of O +thiopentone B-Chemical +by O +goldfish O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +the O +antiemetic O +drug O +domperidone B-Chemical +on O +guinea O +- O +pig O +isolated O +gastrointestinal O +tissue O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +novel O +penicillin B-Chemical +enzyme O +electrode O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Photodegradation O +of O +solutions O +of O +the O +antitumour O +drug O +DTIC B-Chemical +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Uptake O +of O +amphetamine B-Chemical +by O +guinea O +- O +pig O +lung O +in O +vitro O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Digoxin B-Chemical +plasma O +and O +myocardial O +level O +correlation O +in O +hypoxic O +dogs O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +analysis O +of O +phenol B-Chemical +and O +aromatic O +alcohols O +by O +second O +derivative O +UV O +- O +spectroscopy O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Sustained O +release O +potassium B-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +products O +: O +in O +vitro O +- O +in O +vivo O +correlations O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +azapropazone O +on O +the O +binding O +of O +warfarin B-Chemical +to O +human O +serum O +proteins O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Toxicity O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +ascorbate O +and O +alloxan O +monohydrate O +to O +3T3 O +mouse O +cells O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Crystal O +structure O +of O +procaine B-Chemical +benzylpenicillin B-Chemical +monohydrate O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +in O +vitro O +release O +of O +a O +model O +low O +dose O +drug O +, O +riboflavine O +, O +from O +hard O +gelatin O +capsules O +, O +formulated O +with O +a O +range O +of O +diluents O +, O +in O +the O +absence O +and O +presence O +of O +magnesium B-Chemical +stearate O +( O +0 O +. O +5 O +, O +1 O +. O +0 O +and O +2 O +. O +0 O +% O +w O +/ O +w O +) O +, O +has O +been O +assessed O +by O +a O +dissolution O +technique O +. O + +aps B-category +Correction O +of O +the O +T50 O +values O +for O +possible O +adsorption O +of O +riboflavine O +onto O +the O +water O +insoluble O +diluents O +, O +using O +experimentally O +determined O +adsorption O +isotherms O +, O +altered O +the O +relative O +order O +of O +effectiveness O +of O +the O +diluents O +to O +Primojel O +greater O +than O +sodium B-Chemical +bicarbonate I-Chemical +greater O +than O +kaolin O +congruent O +to O +lactose O +greater O +than O +Avicel O +congruent O +to O +Dri O +- O +flo O +starch O +greater O +than O +Emcompress O +greater O +than O +starch O +. O + +aps B-category +injections O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +and O +adrenaline B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +hypotension O +and O +bradycardia O +in O +urethane B-Chemical +anaesthetized O +spontaneous O +hypertensive O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +was O +antagonized O +by O +pretreatment O +with O +the O +alpha O +- O +antagonists O +piperoxan O +, O +which O +also O +antagonized O +clonidine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +bradycardia O +, O +and O +yohimbine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +were O +unaffected O +by O +alpha O +- O +antagonist O +pretreatment O +, O +while O +beta O +- O +antagonist O +pretreatment O +with O +( O +- O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +propranolol I-Chemical +or O +metoprolol B-Chemical +was O +effective O +against O +adrenaline B-Chemical +but O +not O +clonidine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +hypotension O +and O +bradycardia O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +indicate O +that O +different O +central O +mechanisms O +are O +involved O +in O +mediating O +the O +hypotension O +and O +bradycardia O +induced O +by O +centrally O +administered O +clonidine B-Chemical +and O +adrenaline B-Chemical +and O +do O +not O +, O +therefore O +, O +support O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +the O +hypotensive O +effects O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +( O +i O +. O +c O +. O +v O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +Long O +- O +lasting O +inhibition O +of O +angiotensin B-Chemical +response O +in O +rats O +by O +depot O +administration O +of O +octanoyl O +- O +[ O +Leu8 O +] O +- B-Chemical +angiotensin I-Chemical +II I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +prolonged O +effect O +of O +intramuscular O +injections O +of O +oct O +- O +LAII O +in O +oil O +solution O +may O +be O +useful O +for O +chronic O +studies O +of O +physiopathological O +states O +involving O +the O +renin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +angiotensin I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aldosterone I-Chemical +system O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +daily O +, O +oral O +administration O +of O +diazepam B-Chemical +on O +plasma O +corticosterone B-Chemical +responses O +to O +stressors O +of O +varying O +intensity O +was O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +in O +rats O +exposed O +to O +the O +more O +severe O +stressors O +, O +foot O +- O +shock O +or O +immobilization O +, O +none O +of O +these O +doses O +of O +diazepam B-Chemical +reduced O +plasma O +corticosterone B-Chemical +responses O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +plasma O +corticosterone B-Chemical +concentrations O +are O +not O +a O +reliable O +indicator O +of O +the O +tranquillizing O +effect O +of O +diazepam B-Chemical +during O +stress O +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulation O +by O +dopamine B-Chemical +of O +adenylate O +cyclase O +in O +homogenates O +of O +rat O +brain O +striatum O +was O +enhanced O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +ATP O +( O +0 O +. O +6 O +- O +- O +3 O +mM O +) O +and O +GTP O +( O +10 O +- O +- O +100 O +micrometer O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulation O +of O +the O +enzyme O +by O +dopamine B-Chemical +was O +also O +dependent O +on O +MgCl2 O +, O +and O +was O +maximal O +at O +MgCl2 O +concentrations O +of O +at O +least O +two O +fold O +excess O +over O +ATP O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +action O +was O +blocked O +by O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +micrometer O +) O +and O +phentolamine B-Chemical +( O +100 O +micrometer O +) O +but O +not O +by O +an O +analogue O +of O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +having O +no O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +activity O +or O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +( O +100 O +micrometer O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +various O +drug O +pretreatments O +upon O +the O +responses O +of O +rabbits O +to O +the O +putative O +indirect O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptaminergic I-Chemical +agonists I-Chemical +p O +- O +chloroamphetamine O +( O +PCA O +) O +and O +fenfluramine B-Chemical +were O +examined O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hyperthermic O +and O +behavioural O +responses O +of O +both O +agents O +were O +reduced O +by O +the O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +) O +uptake O +inhibitor O +, O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +, O +potentiated O +by O +the O +monoamine O +oxidase O +inhibitor O +, O +pheniprazine O +, O +and O +unaltered O +by O +the O +dopaminergic O +antagonist O +, O +haloperidol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Depeletion O +of O +central O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +stores O +with O +p O +- O +chlorophenylalanine O +also O +affected O +responses O +to O +fenfluramine B-Chemical +more O +than O +responses O +to O +PCA O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +5 O +- O +hydroxykynurenamine O +, O +a O +metabolite O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +, O +on O +guinea O +- O +pig O +isolated O +trachea O +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +for O +the O +existence O +of O +another O +type O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +H2 O +- O +receptor O +in O +guinea O +- O +pig O +ileum O +. O + +aps B-category +Modification O +by O +harmaline O +of O +the O +effects O +of O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cyclopropyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +p I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +chloro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +on O +5 O +- O +hydroxyindole O +concentration O +in O +rat O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Benzodiazepines O +potentiate O +GABA B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopamine I-Chemical +stereotyped O +dependent O +gnawing O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Codeine B-Chemical +impurity O +in O +ethylmorphine O +hydrochloride O +B O +. O +P O +. O +C O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +- O +mediated O +microsomal O +alkylation O +required O +NADPH B-Chemical +and O +oxygen B-Chemical +and O +was O +strongly O +inhibited O +by O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +, O +which O +indicated O +the O +participation O +of O +a O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +- O +dependent O +monooxygenase O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduced O +glutathione B-Chemical +prevented O +the O +microsomal O +alkylation O +by O +4 O +- O +ipomeanol O +, O +indicating O +the O +electrophilic O +nature O +of O +the O +alkylating O +metabolite O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +investigation O +has O +been O +carried O +out O +of O +the O +role O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +H1 O +- O +and O +H2 O +- O +receptors O +in O +the O +control O +of O +cyclic O +guanosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +( O +cGMP B-Chemical +) O +and O +cyclic O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +( O +cAMP B-Chemical +) O +levels O +in O +blocks O +of O +bovine O +superior O +cervical O +ganglion O +. O + +aps B-category +Histamine B-Chemical +increased O +both O +cGMP B-Chemical +and O +cGMP B-Chemical +levels O +with O +similar O +time O +course O +and O +concentration O +- O +response O +relationships O +. O + +aps B-category +Conversely O +low O +concentrations O +of O +the O +H2 O +- O +receptor O +agonist O +4 O +- O +methylhistamine O +increased O +cAMP B-Chemical +but O +not O +cGMP B-Chemical +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +Conversely O +, O +H2 O +- O +receptor O +antagonists O +blocked O +the O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +increased O +in O +cAMP B-Chemical +but O +not O +cGMP B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +increase O +in O +cGMP B-Chemical +appeared O +to O +be O +mediated O +through O +calcium B-Chemical +: O +the O +increase O +in O +cGMP B-Chemical +required O +the O +presence O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +in O +the O +extracellular O +medium O +, O +and O +the O +calcium B-Chemical +ionophore O +A23187 O +caused O +a O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +increase O +in O +cGMP B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Monensin O +potentiation O +of O +potassium B-Chemical +contracture O +in O +cat O +myocardium O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +antipsychotic O +and O +antianxiety O +drugs O +on O +the O +morphine B-Chemical +abstinence O +syndrome O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Groups O +of O +10 O +to O +22 O +male O +albino O +Sprague O +- O +Dawley O +rats O +( O +250 O +- O +300 O +g O +) O +were O +individually O +implanted O +s O +. O +c O +. O +with O +either O +two O +75 O +- O +mg O +morphine B-Chemical +base O +pellets O +or O +two O +placebo O +pellets O +. O + +aps B-category +Jumping O +was O +exacerbated O +by O +CPZ O +( O +4 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +, O +chlordiazepoxide O +( O +4 O +and O +8 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +and O +DPM O +( O +1 O +, O +2 O +and O +4 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +; O +haloperidol B-Chemical +and O +thioridazine B-Chemical +had O +no O +significant O +effect O +on O +this O +sign O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +the O +antipsychotic O +agents O +each O +decrease O +dopamine B-Chemical +availability O +at O +the O +postsynaptic O +receptor O +, O +this O +mechanism O +alone O +cannot O +explain O +their O +actions O +on O +individual O +signs O +of O +abstinence O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +chronic O +beta O +adrenergic O +blockade O +on O +the O +relationship O +between O +plasma O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +systolic O +blood O +pressure O +in O +hypertensive O +man O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +on O +angiotensin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +and O +carbachol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +drinking O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +membrane O +currents O +, O +analyzed O +according O +to O +the O +Hodgkin O +- O +Huxley O +equations O +, O +showed O +that O +sodium B-Chemical +permeability O +, O +PNa O +( O +E O +) O +, O +and O +potassium B-Chemical +conductance O +gK O +( O +E O +) O +, O +curves O +were O +shifted O +toward O +positive O +voltages O +by O +different O +amounts O +and O +slightly O +depressed O +as O +the O +external O +pH O +was O +lowered O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +similar O +figure O +is O +obtained O +for O +the O +potassium B-Chemical +system O +from O +the O +shift O +of O +the O +alphan O +( O +E O +) O +curve O +. O + +aps B-category +Lactate B-Chemical +accumulates O +in O +human O +erythrocytes O +stored O +at O +4 O +degrees O +C O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Lactate B-Chemical +influx O +into O +erythrocytes O +that O +were O +depleted O +of O +intracellular O +lactate B-Chemical +by O +incubation O +at O +37 O +degrees O +at O +pH O +8 O +. O +0 O +was O +stimulated O +by O +decreasing O +medium O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +experiments O +as O +well O +as O +measurements O +of O +H O ++ O +movements O +associated O +with O +lactate B-Chemical +fluxes O +demonstrate O +that O +lactate B-Chemical +transport O +takes O +place O +via O +a O +specific O +monocarboxylate O +transporter O +( O +distinct O +from O +the O +inorganic O +ion O +channel O +) O +by O +a O +H O ++ O +- B-Chemical +lactate I-Chemical +symport O +mechanism O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +complex O +formation O +was O +inhibited O +by O +protein O +denaturing O +agents O +, O +guanidine O +- O +hydrochloride O +and O +urea B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Nomenclature O +of O +the O +renin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +angiotensin I-Chemical +system O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +new O +antihypertensive O +agent O +, O +labetalol B-Chemical +, O +has O +potent O +hypotensive O +effects O +in O +the O +anesthetized O +rat O +and O +dog O +when O +given O +intravenously O +and O +also O +in O +the O +unanesthetized O +beagle O +when O +given O +orally O +. O + +aps B-category +Labetalol B-Chemical +slightly O +increased O +blood O +flow O +of O +canine O +femoral O +artery O +under O +constant O +pressure O +perfusion O +. O + +aps B-category +Pharmacologically O +, O +labetalol B-Chemical +possessed O +both O +alpha O +- O +and O +beta O +- O +blocking O +activities O +, O +though O +weaker O +than O +phentolamine B-Chemical +and O +propranolol B-Chemical +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Like O +several O +other O +beta O +- O +blockers O +, O +labetalol B-Chemical +seems O +to O +block O +neuronal O +uptake O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Antimycobacterial O +activity O +of O +lecithin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cholesterol I-Chemical +liposomes O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +phospholipase O +A2 O +. O + +aps B-category +Various O +natural O +and O +synthetic O +lecithins O +different O +in O +constituent O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +were O +employed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +preparation O +was O +not O +very O +labile O +to O +heat O +and O +its O +activity O +was O +dependent O +on O +the O +presence O +of O +divalent O +cations O +, O +calcium B-Chemical +ions O +being O +the O +most O +effective O +activators O +. O + +aps B-category +Relationship O +between O +gastric O +secretion O +and O +serum O +gastrin O +levels O +in O +dogs O +anesthetized O +with O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +urethane B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amount O +of O +gastric O +juice O +was O +reduced O +dose O +- O +dependently O +by O +an O +intravenous O +injection O +of O +atropine B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +001 O +- O +- O +0 O +. O +016 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +, O +hexamethonium B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +064 O +- O +- O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +and O +secretin O +( O +2 O +- O +- O +8 O +U O +/ O +kg O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +were O +discussed O +in O +relation O +to O +the O +mechanism O +of O +gastric O +juice O +stimulation O +by O +morphine B-Chemical +, O +and O +it O +is O +suggested O +that O +endogenous O +gastrin O +release O +through O +the O +vagal O +and O +non O +- O +vagal O +pathways O +participates O +in O +morphine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +gastric O +secretion O +. O + +aps B-category +Antiarrhythmic O +effects O +of O +oxprenolol B-Chemical +, O +a O +beta O +- O +blocker O +, O +were O +studied O +quantitatively O +on O +arhythmias O +produced O +by O +epinephrine B-Chemical +during O +halothane B-Chemical +anesthesia O +and O +by O +two O +- O +stage O +coronary O +ligation O +, O +and O +were O +compared O +to O +those O +of O +other O +beta O +- O +blockers O +, O +propranolol B-Chemical +and O +Kö O +1400 O +, O +which O +have O +been O +already O +reported O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +the O +pressor O +action O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +is O +due O +to O +the O +blockade O +of O +the O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptors O +mediating O +vasodilation O +in O +the O +skeletal O +muscle O +vascular O +beds O +. O + +aps B-category +Organotoxic O +effects O +of O +excessive O +doses O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +nitroprusside I-Chemical +in O +the O +rabbit O +. O + +aps B-category +Compounds O +in O +the O +urinary O +pH O +1 O +extract O +reacting O +with O +corticosteroid B-Chemical +and O +tetrahydrocorticosteroid O +antisera O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +characterization O +of O +the O +non B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aldosterone I-Chemical +immunoreactive O +material O +was O +made O +by O +immunological O +analysis O +of O +paper O +chromatogram O +eluats O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +renin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +angiotensin I-Chemical +system O +can O +therefore O +serve O +as O +an O +example O +for O +the O +intimate O +interrelationship O +between O +humoral O +and O +neurohumoral O +mechanisms O +of O +blood O +pressure O +regulation O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +concentrations O +of O +0 O +. O +01 O +microgram O +/ O +ml O +in O +the O +perfusate O +dl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propranolol I-Chemical +and O +pindolol B-Chemical +significantly O +increased O +vascular O +resistance O +by O +blockade O +of O +beta2 O +- O +receptor O +mediated O +vasodilatation O +, O +whereas O +atenolol B-Chemical +, O +bunitrolol O +and O +methypranol O +had O +no O +effect O +on O +peripheral O +resistance O +at O +this O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +lack O +of O +inhibition O +of O +vascular O +beta2 O +- O +receptors O +at O +low O +concentrations O +of O +atenolol B-Chemical +and O +also O +bunitrolol O +and O +methypranol O +show O +relative O +selectivity O +for O +beta1 O +- O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E2 I-Chemical +on O +aspirin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +gastric O +mucosal O +injury O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +enzyme O +preparation O +was O +characterized O +by O +a O +single O +band O +on O +the O +urea B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sodium I-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +- O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +and O +by O +a O +single O +precipitin O +line O +with O +its O +corresponding O +antiserum O +on O +double O +diffusion O +and O +immunoelectrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +activity O +was O +inhibited O +by O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +reagents O +, O +anionic O +detergents O +, O +and O +divalent O +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +of O +carbohydrate O +and O +lipid O +analyses O +indicated O +that O +the O +oxidoreductase O +is O +a O +glycolipoprotein O +with O +fucose O +, O +galactose B-Chemical +, O +mannose O +, O +and O +glucosamine O +as O +the O +sugar O +components O +and O +cholesterol B-Chemical +and O +sphingomyelin O +as O +the O +lipid O +constituents O +. O + +aps B-category +Spectrin O +phosphorylation O +is O +not O +affected O +by O +cAMP B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Spectrin O +kinase O +is O +selectively O +eluted O +from O +membranes O +by O +0 O +. O +5 O +M O +NaCl B-Chemical +and O +co O +- O +fractionates O +with O +eluted O +casein O +kinase O +. O + +aps B-category +Progress O +in O +the O +isolation O +and O +characterization O +of O +spectrin O +kinase O +and O +phosphospectrin O +phosphatase O +should O +lead B-Chemical +to O +the O +resolution O +of O +major O +questions O +raised O +by O +previous O +work O +: O +the O +relationships O +between O +membrane O +- O +bound O +and O +cytoplasmic O +forms O +of O +the O +enzymes O +, O +the O +nature O +of O +their O +physical O +interactions O +with O +the O +membrane O +, O +and O +the O +regulation O +of O +their O +activities O +in O +defined O +cell O +- O +free O +systems O +. O + +aps B-category +Metabolic O +rates O +and O +intercellular O +transfer O +of O +metabolites O +were O +studied O +in O +human O +glia O +and O +glioma O +culture O +cells O +via O +topographic O +scan O +of O +NAD O +( O +P O +) O +H O +fluorescence O +by O +multichannel O +microfluorometry O +in O +conjunction O +with O +microinjection O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +P I-Chemical ++ O +allosteric O +activators O +. O + +aps B-category +Current O +therapy O +of O +Wegener O +' O +s O +granulomatosis O +with O +Cytoxin O +and O +Imuran O +and O +steroids B-Chemical +for O +giant O +cell O +arteritis O +frequently O +results O +in O +reversal O +of O +head O +and O +neck O +involvement O +, O +prevention O +of O +systemic O +disease O +, O +and O +prolonged O +survival O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclic O +AMP O +- O +independent O +relaxation O +of O +depolarized O +rat O +ileal O +smooth O +muscle O +by O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +study O +was O +made O +in O +order O +to O +see O +whether O +human O +thrombocytes O +are O +capable O +to O +metabolize O +cortisol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzymatic O +nature O +of O +the O +reactions O +was O +proved O +by O +( O +1 O +) O +heat O +treatment O +( O +2 O +) O +finding O +out O +NADPH B-Chemical +to O +be O +a O +specific O +cofactor O +and O +( O +3 O +) O +the O +dependence O +of O +the O +activity O +on O +the O +number O +of O +thrombocytes O +in O +suspensions O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +these O +, O +15 O +% O +were O +found O +to O +have O +alcohol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +related I-Chemical +reasons O +for O +admission O +to O +hospital O +, O +and O +33 O +% O +had O +concomitant O +alcohol B-Chemical +problems O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +temperature O +on O +mixed O +function O +amine B-Chemical +oxidase O +intrinsic O +fluorescence O +and O +oxidative O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Pharmacological O +characterization O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +receptors O +mediating O +the O +stimulation O +of O +cyclic O +AMP O +accumulation O +in O +slices O +from O +guinea O +- O +pig O +hippocampus O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +isoelectric O +pH O +was O +7 O +. O +42 O +and O +the O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +is O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +Blockade O +of O +the O +flush O +associated O +with O +metastatic O +gastric O +carcinoid O +by O +combined O +histamine B-Chemical +H1 O +and O +H2 O +receptor O +antagonists O +. O + +aps B-category +Evaluation O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +as O +a O +neurotransmitter O +of O +cerebellar O +parallel O +fibers O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +treatment O +of O +threatened O +premature O +labor O +by O +betamimetic O +drugs O +: O +a O +comparison O +of O +fenoterol O +and O +ritodrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +addition O +of O +the O +calcium B-Chemical +antagonist O +, O +iproveratril O +, O +to O +the O +therapeutic O +regimen O +did O +not O +influence O +the O +effectiveness O +of O +the O +2 O +agents O +or O +the O +incidence O +of O +their O +adverse O +side O +- O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Amniotic O +fluid O +lactate B-Chemical +was O +about O +6 O +times O +, O +and O +AF O +- O +P O +was O +2 O +times O +higher O +than O +maternal O +blood O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +correlation O +between O +AF O +- O +Po2 O +and O +Pao2 O +( O +arterial O +oxygen B-Chemical +tension O +) O +, O +between O +AF O +- O +Pco2 O +and O +Paco2 O +( O +arterial O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +tension O +) O +, O +or O +between O +AF O +- O +L O +and O +blood O +L O +. O +AF O +- O +Po2 O +, O +AF O +- O +Pco2 O +, O +and O +AF O +- O +L O +may O +correlate O +better O +with O +the O +intrauterine O +fetal O +status O +than O +AF O +- O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Impaired O +distal O +nephron O +acidification O +in O +chronically O +phosphate B-Chemical +depleted O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +33 O +days O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +depletion O +, O +urine O +pH O +of O +PD O +rats O +( O +N O += O +5 O +, O +5 O +. O +36 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +15 O +) O +was O +significantly O +higher O +than O +control O +( O +N O += O +5 O +, O +5 O +. O +64 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +09 O +, O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +005 O +) O +following O +an O +NH4Cl O +load O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +higher O +urine O +pH O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +depleted O +rats O +following O +NH4Cl O +administration O +was O +not O +due O +to O +low O +urinary O +phosphate B-Chemical +as O +3 O +- O +day O +phosphate B-Chemical +depleted O +rats O +could O +normally O +acidify O +urine O +after O +NH4Cl O +( O +pH O += O +5 O +. O +86 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +09 O +, O +N O += O +6 O +vs O +. O +control O +5 O +. O +87 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +08 O +, O +N O += O +6 O +, O +P O += O +N O +. O +S O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +indicate O +the O +presence O +of O +impaired O +distal O +tubular O +acidification O +in O +chronically O +phosphate B-Chemical +depleted O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +elevated O +bilirubin B-Chemical +level O +can O +be O +classified O +as O +hyperbilirubinemia O +only O +if O +results O +of O +all O +other O +liver O +function O +tests O +are O +normal O +. O + +aps B-category +Localization O +of O +the O +site O +of O +adenylylation O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +by O +electron O +microscopy O +of O +an O +enzyme O +- O +antibody O +complex O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +resulting O +antisera O +strongly O +bound O +ethenoadenosine O +, O +its O +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +nucleotide I-Chemical +, O +or O +protein O +conjugates O +of O +the O +nucleoside B-Chemical +; O +little O +or O +no O +crossreaction O +was O +seen O +to O +adenosine B-Chemical +, O +AMP O +, O +or O +the O +protein O +carrier O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ethenoadenylylated O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +was O +precipitated O +by O +antibodies O +to O +ethenoadenosine O +in O +conjunction O +with O +goat O +anti O +- O +rabbit O +gamma O +globulin O +. O + +aps B-category +Selective O +labeling O +of O +serotonin B-Chemical +receptors O +by O +d O +- O +[ O +3H O +] O +lysergic O +acid O +diethylamide O +in O +calf O +caudate O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +combination O +of O +50 O +nM O +each O +of O +phentolamine B-Chemical +( O +added O +to O +preclude O +the O +binding O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +LSD O +to O +alpha O +- O +adrenoceptors O +) O +, O +apomorphine B-Chemical +, O +and O +spiperone B-Chemical +( O +added O +to O +preclude O +the O +binding O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +LSD O +to O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptors O +) O +, O +it O +was O +found O +by O +Scatchard O +analysis O +that O +the O +total O +number O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +LSD O +sites O +went O +down O +to O +300 O +fmol O +/ O +mg O +, O +compared O +to O +1100 O +fmol O +/ O +mg O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +the O +catecholamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +blocking I-Chemical +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +this O +combination O +, O +the O +IC50 O +for O +serotonin B-Chemical +was O +35 O +nM O +( O +compared O +to O +1000 O +nM O +without O +it O +) O +, O +indicating O +that O +[ O +3H O +] O +LSD O +had O +become O +considerably O +more O +selectively O +displaceable O +by O +serotonin B-Chemical +under O +these O +conditions O +whereas O +the O +effects O +of O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +and O +dopamine B-Chemical +on O +[ O +3H O +] O +LSD O +binding O +were O +eliminated O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +catfish O +retina O +, O +horizontal O +cells O +that O +receive O +inputs O +exclusively O +from O +red O +- O +sensitive O +cones O +are O +the O +only O +neurons O +that O +accumulate O +exogenous O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +under O +our O +experimental O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +bicuculline B-Chemical +methochloride O +decreases O +the O +frequency O +responses O +of O +cone O +horizontal O +cells O +to O +a O +field O +of O +light O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +energy O +value O +to O +sheep O +of O +mixed O +diets O +containing O +alkali B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +straw O +and O +ground O +field O +beans O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Fractions O +of O +porcine O +cerebral O +cortex O +extract O +separated O +by O +molecular O +weight O +on O +a O +Sephadex O +G O +- O +75 O +column O +were O +tested O +for O +their O +activities O +and O +potencies O +to O +inhibit O +[ O +3H O +] O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +binding O +to O +rat O +brain O +homogenates O +. O + +aps B-category +Equilibrium O +binding O +studies O +indicated O +that O +BCF O +- O +I O +was O +a O +competitive O +inhibitor O +, O +making O +it O +a O +candidate O +as O +a O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +endogenous O +factor O +or O +profactor O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +abnormal O +membrane O +glycoprotein O +that O +we O +previously O +found O +to O +be O +associated O +with O +malignancy O +in O +a O +wide O +range O +of O +different O +tumours O +is O +present O +in O +the O +cell O +membrane O +as O +a O +dimer O +and O +appears O +to O +have O +a O +specific O +binding O +site O +for O +glucose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Total O +salivary O +calcium B-Chemical +and O +amylase O +output O +of O +rat O +parotid O +with O +electrical O +stimulation O +of O +autonomic O +innervation O +. O + +aps B-category +Permeability O +of O +nicotine B-Chemical +across O +the O +oral O +mucosa O +had O +been O +shown O +to O +be O +a O +direct O +linear O +function O +of O +alkalinity O +in O +the O +oral O +cavity O +. O + +aps B-category +Differential O +absorption O +of O +nicotine B-Chemical +and O +cross O +- O +adaptation O +of O +sour O +to O +bitter O +taste O +are O +both O +discussed O +as O +explanations O +for O +the O +results O +. O + +aps B-category +Rats O +subjected O +to O +9 O +daily O +sessions O +of O +electric O +footshock O +stress O +showed O +marked O +increases O +in O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +in O +various O +brain O +regions O +and O +in O +the O +adrenal O +gland O +. O + +aps B-category +Mice O +were O +injected O +with O +anisomycin O +, O +an O +inhibitor O +of O +cerebral O +protein O +synthesis O +; O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +, O +strychnine B-Chemical +, O +or O +caffeine B-Chemical +was O +administered O +30 O +min O +later O +. O + +aps B-category +Anisomycin O +decreased O +synthesis O +rates O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +, O +but O +this O +effect O +was O +not O +significantly O +affected O +by O +any O +of O +the O +CNS O +stimulants O +. O + +aps B-category +Modifications O +induced O +in O +the O +renin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +angiotensin I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aldo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sterone I-Chemical +system O +of O +rats O +by O +alpha O +- O +blocking O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +of O +NADH O +with O +acid O +gives O +rise O +to O +as O +many O +as O +10 O +products O +derived O +from O +breakdown O +of O +the O +dihydropyridine B-Chemical +ring O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Serum O +cortisol B-Chemical +and O +growth O +hormone O +, O +physical O +, O +and O +mood O +variables O +were O +evaluated O +daily O +and O +the O +neuroendocrine O +measures O +were O +also O +taken O +serially O +at O +the O +time O +of O +removal O +from O +the O +cardiac O +monitor O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +known O +that O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +a O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +can O +elicit O +dopaminergic O +supersensitivity O +in O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +Dopaminergic O +supersensitivity O +persists O +for O +a O +period O +proportional O +to O +the O +lenght O +of O +the O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Streptococcus O +mutans O +converts O +low O +levels O +of O +sucrose B-Chemical +to O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +but O +at O +high O +levels O +favours O +synthesis O +of O +glucans O +for O +plaque O +accumulation O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +endogenous O +catecholamine B-Chemical +and O +pure O +alpha O +- O +and O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +stimulation O +on O +myocardial O +glycogenolysis O +, O +lactate B-Chemical +production O +and O +distribution O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparative O +effect O +of O +nadolol B-Chemical +and O +propranolol B-Chemical +on O +exercise O +tolerance O +in O +patients O +with O +angina O +pectoris O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +kinetics O +of O +the O +uptake O +and O +efflux O +of O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +O I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +in O +sporidia O +of O +Ustilago O +maydis O +were O +measured O +, O +both O +in O +active O +cells O +and O +in O +cells O +whose O +metabolic O +activity O +had O +been O +inhibited O +by O +azide O +and O +iodoacetate O +. O + +aps B-category +Inactivation O +of O +the O +ribosomal O +protein O +S1 O +in O +polyuridylate O +binding O +by O +reductive O +methylation O +of O +the O +lysyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ammonium I-Chemical +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +microfluorometric O +method O +, O +which O +is O +particularly O +useful O +for O +initial O +velocity O +measurements O +, O +has O +been O +used O +to O +characterize O +this O +proteolytic O +activity O +, O +either O +bound O +to O +DNA O +or O +solubilized O +by O +salt B-Chemical +extraction O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +enzyme O +- O +bound O +valyl O +adenylate O +, O +formation O +of O +ESer O +( O +Ser O +- O +AMP O +) O +is O +very O +sensitive O +to O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Delta14 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sterol I-Chemical +reductase O +in O +Saccharomyces O +cerevisiae O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +proton O +transport O +coupled O +with O +the O +DCMU O +- O +insensitive O +oxygen B-Chemical +evolution O +mediated O +by O +K3 O +[ O +Fe O +( O +CN O +) O +6 O +] O +in O +trypsin O +- O +treated O +chloroplasts O +( O +Renger O +, O +G O +. O +( O +1976 O +) O +FEBS O +Lett O +. O + +aps B-category +Bovine O +milk O +was O +found O +to O +contain O +, O +in O +soluble O +form O +, O +an O +enzyme O +which O +transfers O +galactose B-Chemical +from O +UDPgalactose O +to O +glucosylceramide O +. O + +aps B-category +Purification O +and O +characterisation O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +endoperoxide O +D O +- O +isomerase O +, O +a O +cytoplasmic O +, O +glutathione B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +requiring I-Chemical +enzyme O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +heat O +stability O +of O +the O +enzyme O +was O +studied O +and O +the O +addition O +of O +0 O +. O +75 O +M O +KCl O +, O +0 O +. O +8 O +mg O +/ O +ml O +bovine O +serum O +albumin O +and O +5 O +mM O +NADPH B-Chemical +reduced O +the O +inactivation O +of O +the O +purified O +reductase O +associated O +with O +heat O +treatment O +at O +65 O +degrees O +C O +. O +At O +37 O +degrees O +C O +, O +0 O +. O +8 O +mg O +/ O +ml O +bovine O +serum O +albumin O +enhanced O +the O +purified O +reductase O +activity O +by O +100 O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +20 O +) O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +C O +- O +terminal O +region O +shows O +a O +steeper O +temperature O +dependence O +of O +its O +unfolding O +than O +does O +the O +main O +transition O +, O +which O +itself O +is O +shown O +to O +lead B-Chemical +at O +all O +pH O +values O +to O +a O +semi O +- O +structured O +but O +internally O +flexible O +state O +which O +is O +far O +from O +being O +truly O +random O +- O +coil O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Electrophoretic O +analysis O +of O +substrate O +specificity O +of O +wheat O +alcohol B-Chemical +dehydrogenases O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +20 O +degrees O +C O +, O +in O +a O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +, O +pH O +5 O +, O +8 O +- O +- O +8 O +, O +0 O +, O +methanol O +and O +aniline O +interactions O +with O +hemoglobin O +and O +cytochrome O +c O +were O +studied O +using O +the O +difference O +spectrophotometry O +method O +. 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O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effect O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +its O +derivatives O +on O +systems O +of O +riboflavin B-Chemical +uptake O +and O +excretion O +in O +the O +yeast O +Pichia O +guilliermondii O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +decreased O +also O +the O +initial O +uptake O +rate O +of O +riboflavin B-Chemical +analogue O +, O +8 O +- O +piperidyl O +- O +10 O +- O +( O +1 O +' O +- O +D O +- O +galactityl O +) O +isoalloxazine O +; O +the O +inhibition O +having O +a O +competitive O +character O +( O +Ki O += O += O +5 O +, O +7 O +mM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Cells O +preloaded O +with O +riboflavin B-Chemical +and O +transferred O +into O +riboflavin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +free I-Chemical +medium O +excreted O +vitamin O +B2 O +into O +the O +medium O +. 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O + +aps B-category +From O +these O +constants O +the O +variation O +of O +carbamino O +adduct O +formation O +has O +been O +calculated O +over O +the O +pH O +range O +6 O +. O +60 O +- O +- O +8 O +. O +00 O +with O +variable O +PCO2 O +, O +and O +the O +results O +are O +superimposed O +upon O +standard O +pH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bicarbonate I-Chemical +diagrams O +. O + +aps B-category +Adduct O +formation O +to O +hormone O +may O +alter O +the O +biological O +effect O +of O +the O +hormone O +( O +a O +) O +by O +limiting O +proteolysis O +, O +particularly O +at O +the O +amino B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +terminal I-Chemical +, O +( O +b O +) O +by O +altering O +hormone O +binding O +affinity O +to O +specific O +receptors O +, O +or O +( O +c O +) O +by O +converting O +the O +hormone O +to O +an O +antagonist O +which O +binds O +to O +receptor O +but O +does O +not O +activate O +subsequent O +metabolic O +events O +. 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O +6 O +Phenyldiguanide O +, O +which O +has O +been O +reported O +to O +antagonize O +the O +stimulant O +action O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +on O +cholinergic O +neurones O +in O +the O +mouse O +small O +intestine O +, O +did O +not O +cause O +any O +significant O +reduction O +in O +the O +action O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +on O +cholinergic O +neurones O +in O +the O +guinea O +- O +pig O +ileum O +unless O +a O +concentration O +of O +1 O +mg O +/ O +ml O +was O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +Antagonism O +of O +the O +action O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +at O +neural O +receptors O +by O +bromolysergic O +acid O +and O +by O +tryptamine O +was O +found O +but O +it O +was O +not O +specific O +, O +these O +drugs O +causing O +comparable O +decreases O +in O +responses O +to O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +, O +carbachol B-Chemical +and O +DMPP O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Veratridine O +increased O +and O +tetrodotoxin O +decreased O +the O +rate O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +- B-Chemical +dopamine I-Chemical +synthesized O +by O +aggregates O +derived O +from O +midbrain O +plus O +hindbrain O +. O + +aps B-category +Tetrodotoxin O +( O +5 O +micronM O +) O +present O +during O +the O +chase O +significantly O +increased O +the O +amounts O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +and O +[ O +3H O +] O +dopamine B-Chemical +recovered O +from O +the O +aggregates O +. O + +aps B-category +Presence O +in O +human O +cerebrospinal O +fluid O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +esterifying O +enzyme O +utilizing O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +uptake O +of O +fluoride B-Chemical +, O +Ca2 O ++ O +. O + +aps B-category +Composition O +and O +solubility O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +phosphates O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Induction O +of O +hepatic O +mixed O +- O +function O +oxidase O +( O +MFO O +) O +enzymes O +in O +trout O +( O +Salvelinus O +fontinalis O +) O +by O +feeding O +Aroclor O +1254 O +or O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylcholanthrene I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +monoamines B-Chemical +on O +tarantula O +skeletal O +muscle O +. O + +aps B-category +Species O +differences O +in O +catecholamine B-Chemical +uptake O +and O +storage O +, O +cyclic O +AMP O +levels O +and O +adenyl O +cyclase O +activity O +in O +heart O +muscle O +. O + +aps B-category +Modification O +of O +K O ++ O +- O +induced O +ciliary O +reversal O +by O +temperature O +and O +ruthenium B-Chemical +red O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +caffeine B-Chemical +and O +quinine B-Chemical +on O +calcium B-Chemical +efflux O +and O +cyclic O +AMP O +levels O +in O +bovine O +ileal O +smooth O +muscle O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +three O +hours O +study O +of O +the O +response O +of O +plasma O +corticosterone B-Chemical +and O +of O +three O +liver O +enzymes O +in O +rats O +subjected O +to O +stress O +in O +the O +late O +afternoon O +or O +during O +the O +morning O +hours O +. O + +aps B-category +Also O +the O +response O +to O +0 O +. O +05 O +mg O +ACTH B-Chemical +i O +. O +p O +. O + +aps B-category +Higher O +afternoon O +activity O +of O +liver O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +( O +TAT O +) O +and O +tryptophan B-Chemical +pyrrolase O +( O +TP O +) O +was O +observed O +in O +spite O +of O +fasting O +from O +8 O +a O +. O +m O +. O +imposed O +to O +the O +animals O +taking O +part O +in O +the O +afternoon O +experiments O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +4 O +year O +trial O +to O +treat O +tardive O +dyskinesia O +by O +a O +very O +slow O +progressive O +stepwise O +diminution O +of O +the O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +dose O +and O +of O +antiparkinsonian O +agents O +as O +well O +as O +by O +administration O +of O +small O +, O +slowly O +increasing O +and O +then O +decreasing O +doses O +of O +reserpine B-Chemical +or O +haloperidol B-Chemical +was O +conducted O +on O +62 O +chronic O +schizophrenic O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +- O +dependent O +reactions O +of O +Pseudomonas O +aeruginosa O +nitrite B-Chemical +reductase O +with O +nitric B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +and O +nitrite B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +lifetime O +of O +the O +purple O +intermediate O +formed O +from O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +[ O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +: O +O2 O +oxidoreductase O +( O +deaminating O +) O +, O +EC O +1 O +. O +4 O +. O +3 O +. O +3 O +] O +and O +a O +neutral O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +under O +anaerobic O +conditions O +was O +measured O +with O +a O +series O +of O +neutral O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +suggests O +that O +the O +hydrophobicity O +of O +the O +alkyl O +group O +of O +the O +neutral O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +determines O +the O +lifetime O +of O +the O +purple O +intermediate O +unless O +a O +steric O +effect O +occurs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +addition O +of O +oleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +or O +linoleic O +acid O +to O +the O +incubation O +mixture O +enhanced O +the O +phospholipase O +activity O +I O +. O + +aps B-category +Based O +on O +these O +results O +, O +it O +was O +estimated O +that O +the O +ionizable O +acidic O +group O +was O +an O +amino B-Chemical +group O +and O +the O +basic O +group O +was O +a O +carboxyl O +one O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activity O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +[ O +EC O +6 O +. O +3 O +. O +2 O +. O +1 O +] O +from O +Bacillus O +stearothermophilus O +decreased O +slightly O +on O +modification O +with O +ethyl O +acetimidate O +. O + +aps B-category +Acetamidination O +of O +the O +enzyme O +did O +not O +affect O +the O +circular O +dichroism O +, O +the O +tryptophan B-Chemical +fluorescence O +or O +the O +quenching O +effects O +of O +KI O +and O +acrylamide O +on O +the O +tryptophan B-Chemical +emission O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +, O +coupled O +with O +previous O +studies O +in O +adipocytes O +, O +suggest O +that O +cyclic O +AMP O +- O +dependent O +protein O +phosphorylation O +plays O +a O +major O +role O +in O +the O +regulation O +of O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +carboxylase O +activity O +and O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +biosynthesis O +in O +adipose O +tissue O +and O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +Aalpha O +( O +peptidyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +hydrolase O +; O +EC O +3 O +. O +4 O +. O +12 O +. O +2 O +) O +has O +been O +investigated O +by O +application O +of O +cryoenzymologic O +methods O +. O + +aps B-category +Separate O +routes O +for O +electron O +transfer O +from O +NADH O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +suggests O +that O +NADH O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +support O +oxidation O +of O +both O +substrates O +via O +separate O +routes O +of O +electron O +transfer O +. O + +aps B-category +Also O +, O +treatment O +of O +microsomes O +with O +subtilisin O +diminishes O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +supported I-Chemical +oxidation O +to O +10 O +to O +30 O +% O +of O +control O +activity O +for O +either O +substrate O +to O +70 O +to O +90 O +% O +of O +control O +activity O +while O +NADH O +- O +supported O +oxidative O +activity O +is O +virtually O +unaffected O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +9 O +mM O +2 O +' O +- O +AMP O +inhibits O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +c O +reductase O +to O +10 O +to O +20 O +% O +of O +control O +activity O +while O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +supported I-Chemical +oxidative O +demethyl O +ation O +and O +deformylation O +are O +essentially O +unchanged O +. O + +aps B-category +Finally O +, O +antibody O +to O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +c O +reductase O +inhibits O +oxidase O +activity O +for O +either O +substrate O +to O +70 O +to O +90 O +% O +of O +control O +activity O +while O +reductase O +activity O +is O +inhibited O +to O +10 O +to O +30 O +% O +of O +control O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +studied O +the O +effects O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +( O +cAMP B-Chemical +) O +- O +dependent O +protein O +kinase O +on O +the O +phosphorylative O +and O +functional O +modification O +of O +bovine O +adrenal O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +preparations O +activated O +by O +exposure O +to O +enzymatic O +phosphorylating O +conditions O +were O +analyzed O +by O +sucrose B-Chemical +density O +gradient O +centrifugation O +, O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +, O +and O +gel O +electrofocusing O +, O +the O +radioactivity O +of O +32P O +was O +coincident O +with O +the O +activity O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +, O +suggesting O +incorporation O +of O +32P O +from O +[ O +gamma O +- O +32P O +] O +ATP O +into O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +. O + +aps B-category +Induction O +of O +lysyl O +oxidase O +with O +copper B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Purification O +and O +characterization O +of O +a O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +triggered I-Chemical +luciferin O +- O +binding O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +acidic O +nature O +of O +the O +protein O +was O +confirmed O +by O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +analysis O +, O +which O +showed O +that O +27 O +% O +of O +the O +residues O +are O +acidic O +. O + +aps B-category +Ca2 O ++ O +binding O +produces O +a O +distinct O +change O +in O +the O +spectral O +properties O +of O +BP O +- O +LH2 O +including O +a O +4 O +- O +fold O +enhancement O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +fluorescence O +at O +332 O +nm O +and O +a O +5 O +- O +fold O +fluorescence O +enhancement O +at O +520 O +nm O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +enzymes O +were O +inactivated O +and O +labeled O +on O +treatment O +with O +tritiated O +sodium B-Chemical +borohydride O +and O +gave O +, O +upon O +subsequent O +hydrolysis O +, O +a O +radioactive O +acid O +. 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O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +indicate O +that O +there O +is O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +number O +of O +reactive O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +groups O +on O +the O +platelet O +surface O +when O +platelets O +or O +membranes O +are O +stimulated O +by O +ADP O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +papain O +treatment O +of O +vesicles O +containing O +the O +Triton O +- O +purified O +transpeptidase O +results O +in O +the O +release O +of O +95 O +% O +of O +the O +transpeptidase O +activity O +without O +release O +of O +internally O +trapped O +[ O +3H O +] O +sucrose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +gamma O +- O +glutamyltranspeptidase O +binding O +to O +vesicles O +is O +due O +to O +a O +papain O +sensitive O +sequence O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +and O +that O +the O +enzyme O +. O +vesicle O +complex O +closely O +approximates O +the O +interaction O +and O +orientation O +of O +gamma O +- O +glutamyltranspeptidase O +with O +brush O +border O +membranes O +. O + +aps B-category +Experiments O +were O +performed O +to O +determine O +if O +catecholamines B-Chemical +can O +regulate O +control O +points O +in O +the O +gluconeogenic O +pathway O +, O +such O +as O +mitochondrial O +pyruvate B-Chemical +carboxylation O +and O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +activity O +, O +via O +an O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +, O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +- O +independent O +mechanism O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Separation O +and O +properties O +of O +NAD O ++ O +- O +and O +NADP O ++ O +- O +dependent O +glyceraldehyde B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenases O +from O +Streptococcus O +mutans O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +glutathione B-Chemical +biosynthesis O +by O +prothionine O +sulfoximine O +( O +S O +- O +n O +- O +propyl O +homocysteine O +sulfoximine O +) O +, O +a O +selective O +inhibitor O +of O +gamma O +- O +glutamylcysteine O +synthetase O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +marked O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +glucose B-Chemical +administration O +, O +fructose O +feeding O +in O +diabetic O +rats O +resulted O +in O +20 O +- O +fold O +stimulation O +of O +stearoyl O +- O +CoA O +desaturation O +, O +although O +both O +carbohydrates O +stimulated O +stearoyl O +- O +CoA O +desaturation O +in O +normal O +rats O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +is O +highly O +specific O +for O +ITP O +and O +shows O +optimal O +activity O +in O +glycine B-Chemical +buffer O +pH O +9 O +. O +6 O +and O +50 O +mM O +MgCl2 O +. O + +aps B-category +Analysis O +of O +cysteinyldopas O +, O +dopa O +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +adrenaline B-Chemical +in O +serum O +and O +urine O +using O +high O +- O +performance O +liquid O +chromatography O +and O +electrochemical O +detection O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +urine O +the O +catecholamines B-Chemical +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +adrenaline B-Chemical +were O +also O +determined O +qualitatively O +, O +as O +well O +as O +the O +above O +- O +mentioned O +compounds O +, O +in O +a O +single O +chromatographic O +run O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +increase O +of O +pH O +or O +small O +amounts O +of O +fluoride B-Chemical +displaced O +the O +preferential O +carbonate O +loss O +to O +longer O +times O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +continuous O +increase O +of O +HPO42 O +- O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +fluoride B-Chemical +occurred O +; O +however O +a O +straight O +line O +with O +a O +smaller O +shape O +was O +present O +, O +with O +fluoride B-Chemical +addition O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +prophylactic O +treatment O +of O +intraperitoneal O +infections O +with O +Streptococcus O +pneumoniae O +( O +types O +1 O +and O +2 O +) O +and O +Streptococcus O +pyogenes O +in O +mice O +, O +amoxicillin B-Chemical +had O +a O +definite O +advantage O +over O +ampicillin B-Chemical +in O +terms O +of O +protective O +effect O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Horse O +muscle O +acylphosphatase O +consists O +of O +a O +main O +chain O +S O +- O +S O +bound O +to O +glutathione B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Conformationally O +restricted O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Neuroleptic B-Chemical +CNS O +effects O +: O +acute O +and O +chronic O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +Dissociation O +of O +the O +hyperphagic O +from O +the O +anxiolytic O +effects O +of O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ratio O +of O +ventilation O +to O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +( O +and O +presumably O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +production O +) O +was O +not O +significantly O +different O +at O +10 O +and O +27 O +degrees O +C O +, O +indicating O +that O +ventilation O +is O +not O +participating O +in O +the O +acid O +- O +base O +adjustment O +to O +temperature O +. 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O + +aps B-category +CSF O +values O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +serotonine O +metabolites O +( O +homovanillic O +acid O +and O +5 O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +indoleacetic O +acid O +) O +have O +been O +studied O +in O +4 O +patients O +suffering O +from O +late O +dyskinesia O +due O +to O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Authors O +suggest O +that O +involuntary O +movements O +could O +be O +due O +to O +an O +impairment O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +e O +DA O +link O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +acidification O +was O +particularly O +striking O +with O +regard O +to O +salivary O +pH O +in O +patients O +given O +a O +combination O +of O +antidepressant B-Chemical +, O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +and O +a O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +derivative O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +findings O +of O +a O +normal O +, O +respectively O +increased O +detrusor O +activity O +are O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +the O +observations O +of O +some O +authors O +, O +describing O +attenutation O +and O +absence O +of O +detrusor O +muscle O +fibres O +. O + +aps B-category +Tiapride B-Chemical +should O +fill O +the O +therapeutic O +gap O +which O +exists O +today O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +the O +agitation O +and O +aggressivity O +of O +oligophrenia O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +the O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +can O +be O +involved O +at O +different O +stages O +of O +the O +treatment O +, O +giving O +rise O +to O +difficulties O +in O +the O +diagnosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Metronidazole B-Chemical +in O +the O +prophylaxis O +and O +treatment O +of O +anaerobic O +infection O +. O + +aps B-category +Metronidazole B-Chemical +prophylaxis O +in O +54 O +patients O +led O +to O +a O +decrease O +in O +the O +anaerobe O +vaginal O +carriage O +rate O +from O +65 O +% O +pre O +- O +operatively O +to O +17 O +% O +and O +28 O +% O +on O +the O +3rd O +and O +7th O +postoperative O +days O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +7 O +of O +these O +patients O +( O +including O +the O +patient O +with O +mixed O +infection O +) O +, O +the O +infection O +resolved O +spontaneously O +, O +while O +the O +8th O +patient O +responded O +to O +therapy O +with O +metronidazole B-Chemical +, O +kanamycin B-Chemical +and O +ampicillin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Anaesthetic O +induction O +of O +caesarean O +section O +with O +thiopentone B-Chemical +, O +methohexitone O +and O +ketamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Anaesthesia O +was O +maintained O +with O +gas O +, O +oxygen B-Chemical +, O +muscle O +relaxant O +and O +0 O +. O +6 O +% O +enflurane B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Methohexitone O +and O +low O +- O +dose O +ketamine B-Chemical +appear O +to O +offer O +reasonable O +alternatives O +to O +thiopentone B-Chemical +for O +anaesthetic O +induction O +at O +caesarean O +section O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Phonomecanographic O +study O +of O +3 O +beta O +- O +blockers O +and O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propranolol I-Chemical +in O +obstructive O +cardiomyopathy O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Urine O +elimination O +of O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +transferase O +with O +repeated O +injections O +of O +mercuric O +chloride B-Chemical +in O +the O +rat O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +infection O +on O +blood O +pH O +, O +concentrations O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +, O +lactate B-Chemical +and O +glucose B-Chemical +in O +blood O +, O +haematology O +, O +and O +on O +concurrent O +and O +superimposed O +trypanosoma O +vivax O +infection O +in O +sheep O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +concentration O +of O +blood O +glucose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Demonstration O +of O +more O +sialylized O +fetal O +enzyme O +variants O +of O +serum O +gamma O +- O +glutamyltransferase O +in O +patients O +with O +liver O +diseases O +and O +during O +azathioprine B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Urinary O +excretion O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +adrenaline B-Chemical +in O +patients O +with O +heart O +failures O +of O +various O +severity O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +The O +reaction O +of O +lung O +mast O +cells O +to O +acute O +barbiturate B-Chemical +and O +bromureide O +poisoning O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Then O +the O +degranulation O +of O +mast O +cells O +with O +decrease O +of O +the O +mast O +cell O +number O +in O +the O +lung O +tissue O +was O +merely O +small O +in O +the O +barbiturate B-Chemical +poisoned O +animals O +, O +but O +very O +extensive O +in O +the O +animals O +intoxicated O +by O +bromureides O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +blocking O +drugs O +on O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +glucose B-Chemical +utilization O +of O +the O +isolated O +canine O +heart O +with O +normal O +and O +restricted O +flow O +in O +the O +presence O +and O +absence O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +direct O +metabolic O +action O +of O +the O +beta O +- O +blockade O +by O +increasing O +glucose B-Chemical +uptake O +in O +the O +normal O +and O +reducing O +it O +in O +the O +ischemic O +heart O +, O +furthermore O +moderating O +the O +ischemic O +diminution O +of O +the O +lactate B-Chemical +uptake O +could O +be O +shown O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +prostaglandins B-Chemical +, O +calcium B-Chemical +, O +and O +bradykinin B-Chemical +on O +guanylate O +cyclase O +in O +different O +organs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +intraperitoneal O +insufflation O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +and O +nitrous B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +on O +acid O +- O +base O +balance O +during O +controlled O +ventilation O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +particles O +had O +a O +diameter O +of O +about O +30 O +nm O +and O +their O +occurrence O +was O +not O +associated O +with O +intravenous O +glucose B-Chemical +infusions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pancreatic O +secretion O +of O +fluid O +, O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +and O +protein O +in O +response O +to O +electrical O +stimulation O +of O +the O +vagus O +and O +splanchnic O +nerves O +, O +to O +exogenous O +and O +endogenous O +secretin O +and O +to O +various O +pharmacological O +agents O +was O +studied O +in O +anesthetized O +young O +pigs O +( O +21 O +kg O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +flow O +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +response O +to O +vagal O +stimulation O +was O +unaffected O +by O +atropine B-Chemical +, O +but O +abolished O +by O +hexamethonium B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +PCO2 O +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +concentration O +of O +the O +proximal O +tubular O +fluid O +were O +determined O +with O +an O +ultramicro O +equilibration O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +intratubular O +PCO2 O +was O +higher O +than O +the O +PCO2 O +of O +the O +systemic O +arterial O +blood O +under O +control O +conditions O +and O +the O +difference O +in O +PCO2 O +was O +increased O +during O +acetazolamide B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +total O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +reabsorption O +in O +the O +proximal O +tubule O +was O +reduced O +by O +50 O +% O +due O +to O +the O +carbonic O +anhydrase O +inhibition O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +increase O +in O +intratubular O +PCO2 O +after O +acetazolamide B-Chemical +treatment O +is O +assumed O +to O +be O +due O +to O +an O +inhibition O +of O +the O +carbonic O +anhydrase O +facilitating O +effect O +on O +outward O +diffusion O +of O +CO2 O +from O +the O +tubular O +lumen O +across O +the O +cell O +wall O +. O + +aps B-category +Injections O +of O +small O +doses O +( O +0 O +. O +02 O +to O +0 O +. O +4 O +microg O +kg O +- O +1 O +min O +- O +1 O +) O +of O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +induced O +the O +same O +pattern O +of O +changes O +in O +the O +FECG O +as O +we O +have O +previously O +recorded O +during O +hypoxia O +. O + +aps B-category +Propranolol B-Chemical +was O +found O +to O +completely O +abolish O +the O +FECG O +changes O +induced O +by O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +, O +as O +well O +as O +by O +mild O +hypoxia O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +the O +present O +finding O +that O +even O +small O +doses O +of O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +given O +to O +the O +fetus O +, O +initiates O +the O +same O +pattern O +of O +FECG O +changes O +corroborate O +this O +hypothesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Special O +caution O +must O +be O +paid O +to O +the O +toxic O +effects O +of O +imipramine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Additional O +mutants O +, O +currently O +under O +study O +in O +our O +laboratory O +include O +fructanase O +, O +invertase O +, O +and O +sucrose B-Chemical +permease O +- O +defectives O +. O + +aps B-category +Its O +relation O +to O +total O +serum O +calcium B-Chemical +and O +the O +effects O +of O +sample O +storing O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +appeared O +that O +high O +doses O +of O +diphenhydramine B-Chemical +as O +well O +as O +of O +hydroxyzine B-Chemical +were O +highly O +fatal O +to O +most O +animals O +by O +causing O +severe O +convulsions O +within O +3 O +to O +6 O +hours O +at O +doses O +of O +40 O +or O +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +third O +phase O +of O +this O +experiment O +was O +designed O +to O +determine O +the O +optimal O +time O +at O +which O +hydroxyzine B-Chemical +needs O +to O +be O +given O +to O +protect O +against O +fatal O +endotoxin O +shock O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +hydroxyzine B-Chemical +was O +given O +1 O +hour O +after O +endotoxin O +there O +was O +a O +70 O +% O +survival O +and O +, O +if O +given O +3 O +hours O +after O +endotoxin O +, O +a O +40 O +% O +survival O +. O + +aps B-category +Infections O +due O +to O +pneumococci O +with O +decreased O +susceptibility O +( O +or O +resistance O +) O +to O +penicillin B-Chemical +have O +been O +infrequently O +recognized O +. O + +aps B-category +Identification O +of O +beta O +hemolytic O +streptococci O +( O +BHS O +) O +as O +group O +A O +or O +non O +- O +group O +A O +on O +the O +basis O +of O +bacitracin O +sensitivity O +rather O +than O +Lancefield O +serogrouping O +may O +lead B-Chemical +to O +misidentification O +of O +the O +pathogen O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +in O +the O +longissimus O +dorsi O +muscle O +constantly O +around O +95 O +% O +of O +the O +fibres O +contained O +fast O +myosin O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +other O +existing O +studies O +, O +which O +mostly O +discuss O +the O +physical O +changes O +of O +human O +sexuality O +during O +age O +, O +this O +socialpsychological O +survey O +analyzes O +the O +existence O +and O +relevance O +of O +negative O +attitudes O +towards O +sexuality O +in O +old O +age O +and O +their O +relations O +to O +the O +sexual O +activity O +of O +older O +people O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Usefulness O +of O +various O +graphometric O +methods O +in O +the O +evaluation O +of O +the O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +threshold O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +kinetics O +of O +rat O +liver O +citrate B-Chemical +synthase O +in O +situ O +. O + +aps B-category +Cascade O +control O +of O +E O +. O +coli O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +. O + +aps B-category +Hypoxia O +and O +acidosis O +were O +produced O +by O +ventilatory O +means O +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +infusions O +were O +used O +to O +elevate O +the O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +the O +EEG O +during O +ictal O +episodes O +of O +epilepsy O +, O +the O +abnormal O +wave O +forms O +of O +schizophrenic O +patients O +seldom O +coincided O +with O +episodes O +of O +blocking O +, O +stereotypy O +, O +or O +other O +abnormal O +behaviors O +. O + +aps B-category +Diagnostic O +criteria O +are O +presented O +that O +appear O +to O +define O +a O +specific O +population O +of O +borderline O +patients O +who O +have O +been O +observed O +to O +be O +responsive O +to O +low O +doses O +of O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +protein O +content O +of O +the O +blood O +plasma O +decreased O +, O +above O +all O +the O +albumin O +content O +, O +as O +well O +as O +the O +concentration O +of O +glycoproteins O +and O +volatile O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +concentration O +of O +most O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +decreased O +or O +- O +- O +of O +some O +of O +them O +remained O +the O +same O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +quickly O +arising O +lack O +of O +energy O +of O +ruminants O +slows O +down O +the O +protein O +synthesis O +and O +increases O +the O +glyconeogenesis O +from O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +First O +results O +in O +the O +application O +of O +a O +fluid O +regeneration O +system O +consising O +of O +a O +charcoal B-Chemical +cartridge O +and O +a O +bioelectric O +cell O +, O +for O +degradation O +of O +urea B-Chemical +, O +are O +presented O +. 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O + +aps B-category +GSH O +and O +analogues O +of O +GSH O +were O +competitive O +inhibitors O +of O +p O +- O +nitroaniline O +release O +, O +but O +those O +analogues O +in O +which O +glycine B-Chemical +was O +replaced O +by O +2 O +- O +aminoisobutyrate O +, O +phenylalanine O +, O +leucine B-Chemical +or O +tyrosine B-Chemical +had O +Ki O +values O +that O +were O +approximately O +five O +times O +those O +of O +analogues O +with O +the O +cysteine B-Chemical +residue O +replaced O +. O + +aps B-category +Purification O +and O +properties O +of O +coenzyme O +B12 O +- O +dependent O +ethanolamine O +ammonia B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lyase I-Chemical +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +. O + +aps B-category +Ethanolamine O +, O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +, O +glycerol O +and O +KCl O +protected O +the O +apoenzyme O +from O +inactivation O +. O + +aps B-category +Urea O +( O +7M O +) O +and O +heating O +( O +35 O +to O +55 O +degrees O +C O +) O +caused O +a O +major O +increase O +in O +the O +viscosity O +of O +mucin O +and O +mucin O +- O +albumin O +mixtures O +, O +suggesting O +that O +rupture O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +bonds O +, O +unfolding O +and O +partial O +denaturation O +of O +mucin O +promotes O +greater O +intertangling O +( O +possibly O +hydrophobic O +interactions O +) O +between O +mucin O +and O +albumin O +molecules O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +details O +of O +the O +structure O +of O +C O +- O +teichoic O +acid O +were O +established O +by O +chemical O +degradation O +, O +including O +hydrolysis O +in O +acid O +and O +alkali B-Chemical +, O +treatment O +with O +HF O +, O +periodate O +oxidation O +and O +methylation O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Optimal O +ribavirin B-Chemical +therapy O +was O +equal O +to O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +treatment O +with O +regard O +to O +prolongation O +of O +survival O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +alterations O +in O +either O +cellular O +or O +humoral O +immune O +responses O +were O +noted O +in O +NZB O +/ O +W O +F1 O +or O +BALB O +/ O +c O +mice O +treated O +for O +prolonged O +periods O +with O +ribavirin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +series O +of O +compounds O +endowed O +with O +gastric O +antisecretory O +activity O +were O +examined O +for O +their O +possible O +effects O +on O +histamine B-Chemical +H2 O +receptors O +in O +different O +experimental O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effect O +of O +decaspiride O +on O +the O +immunosuppressive O +action O +of O +prednisone B-Chemical +, O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +and O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Triazolam B-Chemical +: O +characteristics O +of O +its O +depressive O +action O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +acidic O +, O +low O +molecular O +weight O +( O +18 O +400 O +- O +- O +19 O +100 O +) O +protein O +capable O +of O +activating O +porcine O +brain O +phosphodiesterase O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +has O +been O +purified O +2700 O +- O +fold O +from O +the O +anthozoan O +coelenterate O +, O +Renilla O +reniformis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +protein O +from O +Renilla O +complexes O +with O +troponin O +I O +and O +T O +subunits O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +and O +quantitatively O +replaces O +porcine O +brain O +modulator O +in O +the O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +activation O +of O +porcine O +brain O +phosphodiesterase O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +found O +that O +: O +( O +1 O +) O +When O +imino O +acids O +reacted O +with O +the O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +group O +of O +glycine B-Chemical +or O +other O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +transimination O +yielded O +derivatives O +less O +stable O +to O +hydrolysis O +than O +the O +parent O +imino O +acids O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +pH O +7 O +. O +7 O +, O +the O +rate O +of O +reaction O +of O +the O +imino O +acid O +analogue O +of O +leucine B-Chemical +with O +semicarbazide O +was O +10 O +( O +4 O +) O +times O +greater O +than O +that O +of O +the O +corresponding O +keto O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +3 O +) O +The O +rate O +of O +hydrolysis O +of O +the O +imino O +acid O +analogue O +of O +leucine B-Chemical +was O +independent O +of O +pH O +above O +pH O +8 O +. O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pre O +- O +steady O +- O +state O +kinetics O +for O +the O +hydrolysis O +of O +fructose O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +bisphosphate O +by O +rabbit O +liver O +fructose O +bis O +- O +phosphatase O +have O +been O +investigated O +by O +stopped O +- O +flow O +kinetics O +utilizing O +an O +acid O +- O +base O +indicator O +method O +that O +permits O +the O +continuous O +monitoring O +of O +the O +inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +product O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +latter O +step O +may O +involve O +a O +product O +release O +( O +fructose O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +) O +or O +a O +second O +conformational O +change O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +stopped O +- O +flow O +technique O +has O +been O +developed O +for O +the O +zero O +- O +time O +spectrophotometric O +titration O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +residues O +in O +the O +purely O +native O +or O +in O +the O +purely O +alkaline O +denatured O +state O +of O +alpha O +- O +lactalbumin O +that O +undergoes O +an O +alkaline O +conformational O +transition O +in O +the O +pH O +region O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +ionization O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +samples O +were O +denatured O +either O +in O +7 O +. O +2 O +M O +urea B-Chemical +or O +in O +acidic O +( O +pH O +3 O +. O +0 O +) O +conditions O +for O +periods O +up O +to O +a O +few O +hours O +. O + +aps B-category +Complete O +recovery O +of O +conformation O +and O +capacity O +to O +form O +a O +colored O +complex O +with O +Fe3 O ++ O +seemed O +to O +occur O +with O +the O +simple O +dilution O +of O +urea B-Chemical +or O +by O +adjustment O +of O +the O +low O +pH O +sample O +to O +pH O +7 O +. O +3 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +high O +affinity O +system O +transported O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deoxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +( O +Km O += O +26 O +muM O +) O +, O +3 O +- O +O O +- O +methylglucose O +( O +Km O += O +19 O +muM O +) O +, O +D O +- O +glucosamine O +( O +Km O += O +652 O +muM O +) O +, O +D O +- O +fructose O +( O +Km O += O +2 O +. O +3 O +mM O +) O +and O +L O +- O +sorbose O +( O +Km O += O +2 O +. O +2 O +mM O +) O +. 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O +5 O +before O +sterilization O +; O +( O +2 O +) O +addition O +of O +yeast O +extract O +; O +( O +3 O +) O +addition O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids O +in O +identical O +proportions O +and O +concentrations O +to O +those O +found O +in O +yeast O +extract O +; O +( O +4 O +) O +adjustment O +of O +pH O +to O +2 O +. O +5 O +after O +addition O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +addition O +of O +an O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +mixture O +did O +not O +increase O +mycelium O +formation O +to O +the O +same O +extent O +as O +yeast O +extract O +but O +increased O +the O +number O +of O +conidia O +, O +while O +pigment O +production O +was O +reduced O +, O +especially O +when O +nitrate B-Chemical +was O +the O +nitrogen B-Chemical +source O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +addition O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +inhibits O +nitrate B-Chemical +and O +ammonium B-Chemical +uptake O +suggesting O +the O +need O +for O +an O +early O +intracellular O +nitrogen B-Chemical +limitation O +to O +induce O +conidiation O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +study O +of O +carbachol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +atropine I-Chemical +interaction O +on O +intestinal O +smooth O +muscle O +vesicles O +, O +using O +a O +fluorescent O +probe O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +carbachol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +increase O +in O +ANS O +fluorescence O +was O +blocked O +noncompetitively O +by O +atropine B-Chemical +but O +not O +by O +tubocurarine O +or O +diphenhydramine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +atropine B-Chemical +nor O +carbachol B-Chemical +increased O +ANS O +fluorescence O +on O +either O +erythrocyte O +ghosts O +or O +liposomes O +( O +prepared O +from O +a O +lipid O +extract O +of O +the O +muscle O +membrane O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Highly O +purified O +Nebraska O +calf O +diarrhea O +virus O +( O +NCDV O +) O +was O +prepared O +by O +cesium O +chloride B-Chemical +density O +gradient O +centrifugation O +. O + +aps B-category +NCDV O +hemagglutinin O +was O +inactivated O +by O +temperature O +, O +pH O +2 O +. O +0 O +, O +chloroform B-Chemical +, O +ethyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +, O +and O +methyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Susceptibility O +to O +erythromycin B-Chemical +was O +determined O +for O +all O +pneumococci O +isolated O +in O +one O +laboratory O +from O +clinical O +specimens O +between O +1969 O +and O +1977 O +. O + +aps B-category +From O +October O +1973 O +to O +December O +1977 O +, O +64 O +( O +0 O +. O +71 O +% O +) O +of O +8995 O +pneumococcus O +isolates O +were O +resistant O +to O +erythromycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Certain O +strains O +of O +type O +33 O +and O +of O +type O +15 O +were O +highly O +resistant O +, O +the O +minimum O +inhibitory O +concentration O +( O +MIC O +) O +of O +erythromycin B-Chemical +being O +2000 O +microgram O +/ O +mL O +; O +these O +strains O +were O +also O +highly O +resistant O +to O +lincomycin O +and O +clindamycin O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +the O +erythromycin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +pneumococci O +were O +suspectible O +to O +penicillin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzymes O +studied O +were O +glutamic O +oxaloacetic O +transaminase O +( O +SGOT O +) O +, O +glutamic O +pyruvic O +transaminase O +( O +SGPT O +) O +, O +lactic O +dehydrogenase O +( O +LDH O +) O +, O +alpha O +- O +hydroxybutyrate O +dehydrogenase O +( O +alpha O +- O +HBDH O +) O +, O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +transferase O +( O +gamma O +- O +GT O +) O +, O +creatine B-Chemical +phosphokinase O +( O +CPK O +) O +, O +and O +the O +myocardial O +- O +specific O +isoenzyme O +of O +CPK O +( O +CK O +- O +MB O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuroglandular O +contacts O +between O +vasopressin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +reactive I-Chemical +fibers O +and O +cells O +of O +the O +pars O +tuberalis O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +concept O +of O +a O +neuroglandular O +transmitter O +function O +of O +vasopressin B-Chemical +is O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Organ O +pHi O +altered O +in O +response O +to O +administration O +of O +NH4Cl O +or O +NaHCO3 B-Chemical +to O +the O +host O +. O + +aps B-category +Flunitrazepam B-Chemical +combined O +with O +local O +anaesthesia O +in O +1400 O +operations O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +a O +10 O +min O +period O +of O +exposure O +of O +the O +bile O +or O +saline O +solutions O +to O +the O +luminal B-Chemical +surface O +of O +the O +gastric O +mucosa O +, O +samples O +of O +the O +stomachs O +were O +processed O +for O +routine O +scanning O +and O +transmission O +electron O +microscopy O +and O +light O +microscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +prominent O +alteration O +was O +evident O +as O +a O +massive O +cytolysis O +of O +the O +epithelial O +cells O +which O +line O +the O +gastric O +glands O +, O +pits O +, O +and O +luminal B-Chemical +surface O +of O +the O +gastric O +mucosa O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +the O +presence O +of O +an O +intact O +lamina O +propria O +in O +many O +areas O +where O +there O +was O +not O +extensive O +haemorrhage O +, O +following O +exposure O +of O +these O +solutions O +to O +the O +gastric O +mucosa O +, O +suggested O +the O +existence O +of O +a O +scaffolding O +structure O +for O +the O +proper O +orientation O +of O +the O +reconstruction O +process O +of O +epithelium O +of O +the O +glands O +, O +pits O +, O +and O +luminal B-Chemical +surface O +of O +the O +altered O +gastric O +mucosa O +. O + +aps B-category +BL O +- O +S O +578 O +( O +Cefadroxil O +) O +is O +a O +new O +orally O +active O +semisynthetic O +cephalosporin B-Chemical +antibiotic O +with O +broad O +- O +spectrum O +antibacterial O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +properties O +studies O +such O +as O +, O +antibacterial O +activity O +, O +binding O +with O +serum O +proteins O +and O +stability O +in O +acid O +and O +neutral O +solution O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +for O +both O +cephalosporins B-Chemical +were O +similar O +. O + +aps B-category +BL O +- O +S O +578 O +was O +more O +resistant O +than O +cephalexin B-Chemical +to O +the O +beta O +- O +lactamases O +produced O +by O +Klebsiella O +pneumoniae O +and O +Escherichia O +coli O +. O + +aps B-category +Diazepam B-Chemical +and O +lorazepam B-Chemical +in O +anaesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mass O +fragmentography O +and O +the O +gas O +- O +liquid O +chromatography O +are O +available O +actually O +for O +quantitation O +of O +very O +low O +levels O +of O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +antiparkinsonian O +drugs O +, O +the O +antidepressants B-Chemical +and O +the O +lithium B-Chemical +could O +influenced O +them O +. O + +aps B-category +Parachlorophenylalanine O +methyl O +ester O +, O +an O +inhibitor O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +( O +300 O +- O +350 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +ip O +) O +, O +resulted O +in O +significant O +inhibition O +of O +GH O +pulsatile O +secretion O +and O +suppressed O +PRL O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +Atropine B-Chemical +sulfate O +( O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +iv O +) O +caused O +significant O +suppression O +in O +GH O +secretion O +, O +but O +had O +no O +effect O +on O +PRL O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +indicate O +that O +several O +neurotransmitters O +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O +, O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +, O +serotonin B-Chemical +, O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +, O +and O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +found O +in O +high O +concentration O +in O +the O +hypothalamus O +, O +influence O +GH O +and O +PRL O +secretion O +. O + +aps B-category +Prevention O +of O +estrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +uterine O +hyperemia O +by O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +receptor O +- O +blocking O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +incubation O +of O +[ O +4 O +- O +14C O +] O +progesterone B-Chemical +with O +cell O +- O +free O +homogenates O +of O +9 O +, O +10 O +- O +dimethyl O +- O +1 O +, O +2 O +- O +benzanthracene O +( O +DMBA O +) O +- O +induced O +mammary O +tumor O +of O +rats O +, O +20 O +alpha O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +4 O +- O +pregnen O +- O +3 O +- O +one O +, O +5 O +alpha O +- O +pregnane O +- O +3 O +, O +20 O +- O +dione O +, O +20 O +alpha O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +5 O +alpha O +- O +pregnan O +- O +3 O +- O +one O +, O +3 O +alpha O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +5 O +alpha O +- O +pregnan O +- O +20 O +- O +one O +, O +and O +5 O +alpha O +- O +pregnane O +- O +3 O +alpha O +, O +20 O +alpha O +- O +diol O +were O +identified O +as O +the O +metabolites O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activities O +of O +20 O +alpha O +- O +hydroxysteroid O +dehydrogenase O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +linked I-Chemical +3 O +alpha O +- O +hydroxysteroid O +dehydrogenase O +were O +found O +mainly O +in O +the O +cytosol O +fractions O +of O +the O +tumor O +and O +the O +normal O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzymes O +involved O +in O +conversion O +of O +pregnenolone O +to O +testosterone B-Chemical +in O +Leydig O +cell O +tumors O +showed O +a O +wide O +distribution O +among O +smooth O +endoplasmic O +reticulum O +( O +SER O +) O +, O +rough O +endoplasmic O +reticulum O +( O +RER O +) O +, O +and O +cytosol O +, O +while O +these O +enzymatic O +activities O +in O +normal O +testes O +were O +associated O +primarily O +with O +smooth O +endoplasmic O +reticulum O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +of O +microsomal O +membranes O +from O +normal O +testes O +with O +0 O +. O +1 O +M O +Ca O ++ O ++ O +and O +Mg O ++ O ++ O +caused O +a O +marked O +decrease O +in O +17 O +beta O +- O +dehydrogenase O +activity O +, O +measured O +as O +conversion O +of O +exogenous O +[ O +3H O +] O +androstenedione O +to O +[ O +3H O +] O +- B-Chemical +testosterone I-Chemical +, O +without O +serious O +effects O +on O +activities O +of O +3 O +beta O +- O +ol O +- O +dehydrogenase O +or O +17 O +alpha O +- O +hydroxylase O +. O + +aps B-category +Also O +, O +experiments O +using O +[ O +14C O +] O +progesterone B-Chemical +and O +[ O +3H O +] O +androstenedione O +simultaneously O +as O +substrates O +demonstrated O +that O +treatment O +with O +Mg O ++ O ++ O +ion O +made O +it O +more O +difficult O +for O +exogenous O +[ O +3H O +] O +androstenedione O +to O +reach O +the O +active O +site O +of O +17 O +beta O +- O +ol O +- O +dehydrogenase O +than O +[ O +14C O +] O +androstenedione O +formed O +in O +the O +microsomal O +membrane O +from O +[ O +14C O +] O +progesterone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +importance O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +in O +the O +ACTH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +increase O +in O +adrenal O +mitochondrial O +pregnenolone O +synthesis O +was O +evaluated O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +these O +effects O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +were O +slightly O +greater O +in O +control O +than O +in O +ACTH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +mitochondria O +, O +a O +sizeable O +effect O +of O +ACTH B-Chemical +remained O +even O +at O +high O +calcium B-Chemical +levels O +( O +500 O +micron O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +High O +concentrations O +of O +added O +calcium B-Chemical +( O +500 O +micron O +or O +greater O +) O +obviated O +the O +need O +for O +the O +labile O +protein O +required O +for O +ACTH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +effects O +in O +intact O +mitochondria O +, O +presumably O +by O +disrupting O +mitochondria O +and O +allowing O +an O +" O +unrestrained O +" O +interaction O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +with O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +findings O +suggest O +that O +calcium B-Chemical +is O +required O +at O +the O +mitochondrial O +level O +for O +ACTH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +effects O +on O +pregnenolone O +synthesis O +, O +and O +the O +reported O +ACTH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +increase O +in O +intraadrenal O +calcium B-Chemical +may O +thus O +amplify O +the O +effects O +of O +ACTH B-Chemical +on O +steroidogenesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +luteinizing O +hormone O +and O +prolactin O +control O +mechanisms O +produced O +by O +glutamate B-Chemical +lesions O +of O +the O +arcuate O +nucleus O +. O + +aps B-category +Isoelectric O +analysis O +in O +the O +presence O +and O +absence O +of O +urea B-Chemical +resolved O +the O +milk O +enzyme O +into O +at O +least O +13 O +different O +forms O +, O +nine O +of O +which O +had O +the O +same O +isoelectric O +points O +after O +refocusing O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +toxin O +migrated O +as O +a O +single O +protein O +band O +on O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +/ O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +Determination O +of O +the O +interaction O +of O +ADP O +and O +dADP O +with O +copper B-Chemical +( O +II O +) O +, O +manganese O +( O +II O +) O +and O +lanthanide O +( O +III O +) O +ions O +by O +nuclear O +- O +magnetic O +- O +resonance O +spectroscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +interaction O +with O +Cu O +( O +II O +) O +is O +more O +complex O +, O +coordination O +is O +observed O +not O +only O +at O +the O +diphosphate O +but O +also O +at O +two O +sites O +on O +the O +base O +, O +N O +- O +1 O +, O +and O +the O +chelate O +formed O +between O +N O +- O +7 O +and O +the O +amino B-Chemical +group O +. O + +aps B-category +Purification O +is O +described O +here O +by O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulphate O +precipitation O +and O +subsequent O +CM O +- O +Sepharose O +CL O +- O +6B O +ion O +- O +exchange O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +direct O +, O +although O +not O +always O +exact O +, O +relation O +is O +established O +between O +the O +testicular O +histology O +and O +the O +testosterone B-Chemical +levels O +after O +the O +administration O +of O +4 O +, O +500 O +U O +of O +HCG O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +haemodynamic O +effects O +of O +the O +selective O +beta1 O +- O +adrenoceptor O +agonist O +prenalterol O +were O +studied O +in O +healthy O +subjects O +before O +and O +after O +therapeutic O +doses O +of O +the O +selective O +beta1 O +- O +adrenoceptor O +blocker O +metoprolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Alterations O +in O +blood O +levels O +of O +carbohydrate O +and O +lipid O +metabolites O +and O +of O +cyclic O +AMP O +mediated O +by O +beta1 O +- O +and O +beta2 O +- O +adrenoceptors O +in O +beagle O +dogs O +: O +effects O +of O +procaterol B-Chemical +, O +a O +new O +selective O +beta2 O +- O +adrenoceptor O +agonist O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +metabolic O +alterations O +induced O +by O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +were O +blocked O +completely O +by O +pretreatment O +of O +the O +dog O +with O +propranolol B-Chemical +( O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Salbutamol B-Chemical +, O +which O +is O +known O +to O +be O +an O +agonist O +of O +the O +beta O +2 O +- O +subtype O +in O +its O +bronchomotor O +and O +cardiovascular O +actions O +, O +produced O +marked O +increases O +in O +the O +blood O +concentrations O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +, O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +insulin O +but O +were O +without O +effect O +on O +the O +FFA O +level O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +new O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +agonist O +, O +5 O +- O +( O +1 O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +2 O +- O +isopropylaminobutyl O +) O +- O +8 O +- O +hydroxycarbostyril O +hydrochloride O +hemihydrate O +( O +Procaterol B-Chemical +) O +, O +was O +classified O +as O +a O +beta O +2 O +- O +agonist O +, O +because O +it O +markedly O +increased O +plasma O +concentrations O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +lactate B-Chemical +and O +insulin O +but O +increased O +the O +plasma O +level O +of O +FFA O +to O +a O +lesser O +degree O +. O + +aps B-category +Isoproterenol B-Chemical +, O +a O +nonselective O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +agonist O +, O +and O +several O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +agonists O +, O +soterenol O +, O +salbutamol B-Chemical +, O +metaproterenol O +and O +ritodrine B-Chemical +elicited O +a O +dose O +- O +related O +relaxation O +of O +lung O +strip O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +agonists O +except O +ritodrine B-Chemical +were O +full O +agonists O +in O +the O +lung O +strip O +whereas O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +and O +metaproterenol O +were O +the O +only O +full O +agonists O +in O +the O +atrial O +preparation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +action O +of O +verapamil B-Chemical +on O +the O +rate O +of O +spontaneous O +release O +of O +transmitter O +at O +the O +frog O +neuromuscular O +junction O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +it O +produces O +a O +small O +reduction O +in O +MEPP O +frequency O +at O +the O +frog O +neuromuscular O +junction O +, O +whereas O +the O +rate O +of O +spontaneous O +release O +rises O +following O +treatment O +at O +a O +concentration O +of O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +. O +This O +latter O +effect O +is O +augmented O +by O +raising O +[ O +Ca2 O ++ O +] O +0 O +to O +9 O +mM O +or O +, O +more O +especially O +, O +by O +raising O +the O +temperature O +from O +17 O +to O +23 O +degrees O +C O +. O +It O +is O +argued O +that O +both O +these O +opposing O +effects O +are O +related O +to O +the O +action O +of O +verapamil B-Chemical +in O +modifying O +[ O +Ca2 O ++ O +] O +i O +at O +the O +presynaptic O +terminals O +and O +it O +is O +suggested O +that O +the O +drug O +can O +affect O +both O +inward O +Ca2 O ++ O +flux O +( O +so O +reducing O +the O +steady O +- O +state O +position O +of O +[ O +Ca2 O ++ O +] O +i O +) O +and O +also O +, O +at O +higher O +concentration O +, O +either O +inhibit O +the O +membrane O +Ca2 O ++ O +pump O +or O +cause O +the O +release O +of O +Ca2 O ++ O +from O +intracellular O +Ca2 O ++ O +stores O +( O +so O +raising O +[ O +Ca2 O ++ O +] O +i O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +basal O +arterial O +CO2 O +tensions O +were O +not O +significantly O +altered O +by O +apomorphine B-Chemical +, O +the O +mechanical O +response O +to O +exogenous O +CO2 O +exposure O +was O +greatly O +increased O +in O +rats O +given O +apomorphine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +dopamine B-Chemical +neurons O +may O +have O +important O +interactions O +with O +respiratory O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +) O +, O +mecamylamine B-Chemical +( O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +Only O +the O +inhibition O +produced O +by O +clonidine B-Chemical +was O +antagonised O +by O +yohimbine B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +3 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Guanfacin O +was O +more O +selective O +and O +tiamenidine O +less O +selective O +than O +clonidine B-Chemical +for O +presynaptic O +alpha O +- O +adrenoceptors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influences O +of O +the O +dopaminergic O +system O +on O +morphine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +analgesia O +and O +respiratory O +depression O +were O +compared O +using O +modulators O +of O +dopaminergic O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Morphine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +depression O +of O +respiratory O +rate O +was O +potentiated O +by O +haloperidol B-Chemical +and O +inhibited O +by O +pimozide O +or O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +methyl O +ester O +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetic O +differences O +between O +brain O +capillary O +and O +parenchymal O +hexokinase O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +ATP O +. O + +aps B-category +Parenchymal O +hexokinase O +is O +more O +susceptible O +to O +glucose B-Chemical +inhibition O +, O +can O +tolerate O +greater O +variations O +in O +the O +ATP O +concentration O +, O +is O +inhibited O +by O +increasing O +concentrations O +of O +fructose O +and O +potassium B-Chemical +, O +and O +showed O +greater O +activity O +on O +the O +lower O +pH O +values O +. O + +aps B-category +High O +potassium B-Chemical +and O +electrical O +stimulation O +consistently O +increase O +efflux O +of O +labelled O +GABA B-Chemical +from O +the O +in O +vivo O +superfused O +rat O +dorsal O +medulla O +in O +a O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +fashion O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +saline O +- O +induced O +diuresis O +in O +the O +rat O +by O +sulpiride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +inhibited O +saline O +- O +induced O +diuresis O +in O +the O +rat O +, O +an O +effect O +not O +observed O +with O +haloperidol B-Chemical +, O +clozapine B-Chemical +, O +pimozide O +or O +chloromazine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +antihistaminic O +and O +antiserotonin O +properties O +of O +16 O +new O +tropine O +esters O +, O +analogues O +of O +atropine B-Chemical +, O +tropacin O +and O +tropaphen O +, O +were O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +intensity O +of O +the O +antihistaminic O +and O +antiserotonin O +action O +of O +the O +drugs O +varied O +depending O +upon O +the O +structure O +of O +the O +radical O +at O +the O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carbon I-Chemical +atom O +in O +the O +acidic O +part O +of O +the O +molecule O +. 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O + +aps B-category +III O +- O +Origin O +of O +topographical O +dualism O +in O +the O +reaction O +of O +a O +receptor O +thiol B-Chemical +with O +symmetrical O +and O +unsymmetrical O +polyamine O +disulfides O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +methylation O +of O +a O +single O +inner O +nitrogen B-Chemical +on O +potency O +allowed O +the O +conclusion O +that O +each O +half O +of O +the O +unsymmetrical O +disulfide O +( O +XVI O +) O +respectively O +occupy O +half O +of O +the O +sites O +for O +( O +I O +) O +and O +half O +of O +those O +for O +( O +II O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Is O +there O +a O +membrane O +- O +bound O +, O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +phosphatidylinositol O +phosphodiesterase O +in O +rat O +brain O +? O + +aps B-category +Kinetics O +and O +mechanism O +of O +action O +of O +aldehyde B-Chemical +reductase O +from O +pig O +kidney O +. O + +aps B-category +Citrate B-Chemical +regulation O +of O +NADP O ++ O +- O +specific O +isocitrate O +dehydrogenase O +of O +Aspergillus O +niger O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Topography O +of O +nitrate B-Chemical +reductase O +of O +the O +cytoplasmic O +membrane O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +: O +the O +nitrate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +reducing I-Chemical +site O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Side O +- O +effects O +of O +nadolol B-Chemical +caused O +termination O +of O +therapy O +in O +only O +one O +patient O +. O + +aps B-category +Efficacy O +was O +assessed O +by O +numbers O +of O +anginal O +attacks O +and O +nitroglycerin B-Chemical +( O +GTN O +) O +usage O +, O +and O +exercise O +EKG O +on O +the O +bicycle O +ergometer O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +extended O +treatment O +period O +on O +nadolol B-Chemical +, O +the O +improvements O +over O +baseline O +readings O +were O +maintained O +. O + +aps B-category +Similar O +activity O +is O +induced O +also O +by O +addition O +to O +EcoRI O +solution O +of O +40 O +- O +- O +50 O +% O +glycerol O +or O +a O +number O +of O +organic O +solvents O +( O +dimethylacetamide O +( O +DMA O +) O +, O +dimethylformamide O +( O +DMF O +) O +, O +dimethylsulphoxide O +( O +DMSO B-Chemical +) O +, O +sulphalane O +( O +SP O +) O +in O +concentrations O +from O +1 O +to O +6 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparative O +trial O +of O +sulphasalazine B-Chemical +and O +oral O +sodium B-Chemical +cromoglycate O +in O +the O +maintenance O +of O +remission O +in O +ulcerative O +colitis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +percentage O +cumulative O +relapse O +rate O +after O +12 O +months O +' O +treatment O +was O +30 O +% O +in O +the O +33 O +patients O +treated O +with O +sulphasalazine B-Chemical +compared O +with O +71 O +% O +in O +the O +25 O +treated O +with O +high O +dose O +sodium B-Chemical +cromoglycate O +, O +a O +highly O +significant O +difference O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +oral O +sodium B-Chemical +cromoglycate O +is O +considerably O +less O +effective O +than O +sulphasalazine B-Chemical +in O +maintaining O +remission O +, O +and O +by O +analogy O +with O +results O +in O +other O +trials O +may O +be O +no O +more O +effective O +than O +placebo O +tablets O +. 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O + +aps B-category +' O +reporter O +' O +signals O +is O +additionally O +demonstrated O +by O +studies O +of O +the O +effects O +of O +spin O +labels O +on O +the O +neurophysin O +- O +I O +amino B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +terminal I-Chemical +alanine B-Chemical +resonance O +; O +these O +studies O +place O +the O +amino B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +terminus I-Chemical +of O +neurophysin O +- O +I O +approximately O +14 O +A O +from O +residue O +3 O +of O +peptides O +bound O +to O +the O +strong O +neurophysin O +hormone O +- O +binding O +site O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +and O +biochemical O +evidence O +of O +oculocutaneous O +tyrosinosis O +, O +a O +rare O +disease O +due O +to O +hepatic O +soluble O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +( O +STAT O +) O +deficiency O +, O +was O +found O +in O +a O +3 O +1 O +/ O +2 O +- O +year O +- O +old O +girl O +and O +in O +her O +maternal O +aunt O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +used O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +to O +examine O +the O +regulation O +and O +adenylylation O +states O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetases O +( O +GSs O +) O +from O +Escherichia O +coli O +( O +GS O +( O +E O +) O +) O +and O +Klebsiella O +aerogenes O +( O +GS O +( O +K O +) O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +for O +both O +GS O +( O +K O +) O +and O +GS O +( O +E O +) O +, O +adenylylated O +subunits O +( O +GS O +( O +K O +) O +- B-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +[ O +AMP O +] O +and O +GS O +( O +E O +) O +- O +AMP O +) O +had O +lesser O +mobilities O +in O +SDS O +gels O +than O +did O +the O +corresponding O +non O +- O +adenylylated O +subunits O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +is O +inhibited O +by O +ethylenediaminetetraacetate O +and O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +reagents O +, O +has O +a O +pH O +optimum O +of O +about O +8 O +. O +0 O +, O +and O +has O +Km O +values O +for O +3 O +- O +phosphoglyceric O +acid O +and O +Mn2 O ++ O +of O +5 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +and O +4 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +found O +that O +cocci O +were O +more O +sensitive O +both O +to O +penicillin B-Chemical +G I-Chemical +and O +to O +cephalexin B-Chemical +than O +were O +rods O +, O +but O +they O +showed O +a O +high O +level O +of O +resistance O +to O +mecillinam O +. O + +aps B-category +Release O +of O +the O +cellulase O +required O +heat O +activation O +of O +the O +spores O +and O +occurred O +during O +the O +swelling O +stage O +of O +germination O +; O +inhibition O +of O +the O +emergence O +stage O +with O +cycloheximide B-Chemical +had O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +release O +of O +the O +cellulase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mutase O +has O +a O +molecular O +weight O +of O +about O +74 O +, O +000 O +as O +shown O +by O +Sephadex O +gel O +filtration O +and O +by O +acrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +; O +it O +consisted O +of O +one O +polypeptide O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +same O +extracts O +catalyzed O +the O +oxidation O +of O +formate O +and O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +gas O +; O +the O +spectrum O +of O +electron O +acceptors O +was O +identical O +for O +the O +three O +substrates O +, O +CO O +, O +formate O +, O +and O +H O +( O +2 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +free O +formate O +nor O +hydrogen B-Chemical +gas O +is O +an O +intermediate O +of O +the O +CO O +oxidation O +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +p O +- O +Nitrobenzoic O +acid O +, O +p O +- O +aminobenzoic O +acid O +, O +enteromycin O +, O +and O +omega B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nitro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +l I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +were O +not O +attacked O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +nitroalkane O +- O +oxidizing O +enzyme O +from O +streptozotocin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +producing I-Chemical +Streptomyces O +achromogenes O +subsp O +. O + +aps B-category +Whereas O +Tiron O +, O +oxine O +, O +and O +nitroxyl O +radical O +acted O +as O +potent O +inhibitors O +of O +this O +enzyme O +, O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +was O +essentially O +without O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Reducing O +agents O +, O +such O +as O +glutathione B-Chemical +, O +reduced O +nicotinamide O +adenine O +dinucleotide O +, O +and O +nicotinamide B-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +dinucleotide I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +, O +reduced O +form O +, O +as O +well O +as O +thiol B-Chemical +compounds O +, O +were O +strongly O +inhibitory O +, O +but O +cyanide O +had O +no O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +previously O +characterized O +, O +poorly O +lytic O +, O +chain O +- O +forming O +mutants O +of O +B O +. O +subtilis O +168 O +, O +strains O +FJ3 O +( O +temperature O +conditional O +) O +and O +FJ6 O +, O +each O +90 O +to O +95 O +% O +deficient O +in O +the O +production O +of O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetylmuramyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +amidase O +and O +endo O +- O +beta O +- O +N O +- O +acetylglucosaminidase O +, O +were O +observed O +to O +be O +nonmotile O +at O +35 O +degrees O +C O +in O +a O +variety O +of O +liquid O +and O +semisolid O +meida O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +minimal O +media O +lacking O +galactose B-Chemical +( O +restrictive O +conditions O +) O +, O +the O +B O +. O +licheniformis O +mutants O +failed O +to O +form O +flagella O +, O +or O +had O +serious O +abnormalities O +in O +flagellar O +morphogenesis O +and O +motility O +. O + +aps B-category +High O +dose O +desipramine B-Chemical +, O +plasma O +drug O +levels O +and O +clinical O +response O +. O + +aps B-category +Ethopropazine B-Chemical +and O +benztropine B-Chemical +in O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +parkinsonism O +. O + +aps B-category +Ethopropazine B-Chemical +and O +benztropine B-Chemical +were O +found O +to O +be O +equally O +effective O +in O +controlling O +parkinsonian O +symptoms O +and O +were O +as O +efficacious O +as O +procyclidine B-Chemical +, O +their O +previous O +antiparkinsonian O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +suggests O +that O +benztropine B-Chemical +is O +not O +the O +anticholinergic O +drug O +of O +choice O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +parkinsonian O +symptoms O +, O +because O +of O +its O +more O +toxic O +central O +and O +peripheral O +atropinic O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Life O +threatening O +cardiac O +symptoms O +forced O +the O +continuation O +of O +propanolol B-Chemical +until O +the O +bundle O +of O +His O +was O +surgically O +severed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purified O +reductase O +, O +like O +the O +membrane O +- O +bound O +reductase O +, O +was O +not O +inhibited O +by O +thiol B-Chemical +reagents O +. O + +aps B-category +Pellicular O +ATPase O +was O +solubilized O +by O +sonication O +and O +fractionated O +by O +sucrose B-Chemical +density O +gradient O +centrifugation O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +is O +not O +due O +to O +exposure O +of O +a O +buried O +tyrosyl O +residue O +on O +alkali B-Chemical +denaturation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +- O +dependence O +of O +the O +kinetic O +parameters O +in O +H2O2 B-Chemical +decomposition O +by O +beef O +liver O +catalase O +was O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +extracting O +TF0 O +with O +chloroform B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methanol I-Chemical +, O +the O +band O +8 O +protein O +was O +obtained O +as O +a O +proteolipid O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +of O +band O +8 O +protein O +indicated O +that O +this O +protein O +contained O +an O +extremely O +high O +percentage O +of O +hydrophobic O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +29 O +in O +polarity O +) O +and O +was O +devoid O +of O +histidine O +, O +tryptophan B-Chemical +, O +cysteine B-Chemical +, O +and O +lysine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +constants O +which O +characterize O +the O +formation O +and O +breakdown O +of O +the O +noncovalent O +( O +E O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Apparent O +Km O +values O +for O +L O +- O +phenylalanine O +and O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +, O +7 O +- O +dimethyltetrahydropteridine O +were O +140 O +and O +54 O +muM O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +siderophore O +( O +microbial O +iron B-Chemical +transport O +compound O +) O +was O +isolated O +from O +low O +iron B-Chemical +cultures O +of O +Agrobacterium O +tumefaciens O +B6 O +. O + +aps B-category +Exposure O +to O +acid O +opened O +the O +oxazoline O +ring O +to O +afford O +agrobactin O +A O +. O +Ferric O +agrobactin O +A O +and O +agrobactin O +A O +itself O +, O +but O +not O +agrobactin O +or O +its O +ferric O +complex O +, O +had O +some O +capacity O +to O +feed O +iron B-Chemical +to O +enterobactin O +- O +deficient O +strains O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +and O +Salmonella O +typhimurium O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +model O +for O +nucleotide B-Chemical +binding O +as O +a O +function O +of O +temperature O +and O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Several O +ligands O +which O +affect O +the O +apparent O +affinity O +for O +nucleotide B-Chemical +binding O +at O +the O +inhibitory O +site O +act O +by O +shifting O +the O +apparent O +pK O +of O +the O +ionizable O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +pH O +6 O +. O +9 O +in O +0 O +. O +05 O +M O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +low O +concentrations O +of O +MgATP O +or O +MgGTP O +enhance O +the O +protein O +fluorescence O +due O +to O +binding O +at O +the O +active O +site O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Inhibitions O +of O +NG108 O +- O +15 O +adenylate O +cyclase O +mediated O +by O +alpha O +receptors O +, O +opiate O +receptors O +, O +and O +muscarinic O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +receptors O +are O +not O +additive O +; O +this O +suggests O +that O +the O +three O +species O +of O +receptors O +can O +be O +functionally O +coupled O +to O +the O +same O +adenylate O +cyclase O +molecules O +or O +molecules O +regulating O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +estradiol B-Chemical +on O +stearyl O +- O +CoA O +desaturase O +activity O +and O +microsomal O +membrane O +properties O +in O +rooster O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +Concomitant O +administration O +of O +the O +diuretic B-Chemical +chlorthalidone B-Chemical +decreased O +blood O +pressure O +in O +a O +previously O +unresponsive O +patient O +. 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O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +an O +increase O +in O +amnesia O +for O +the O +bronchoscopy O +with O +increasing O +age O +, O +but O +the O +most O +distinct O +difference O +between O +different O +age O +groups O +was O +that O +the O +amnesic O +action O +of O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +was O +evident O +earlier O +and O +persisted O +longer O +in O +patients O +of O +more O +than O +60 O +yr O +. O + +aps B-category +Glycopyrrolate O +or O +cimetidine B-Chemical +was O +administered O +before O +operation O +to O +patients O +undergoing O +elective O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +Cimetidine B-Chemical +caused O +a O +marked O +increase O +in O +pH O +with O +a O +mean O +[ O +h O ++ O +] O +3 O +. O +2 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +g O +litre O +- O +1 O +compared O +with O +1 O +. O +4 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +2 O +) O +g O +litre O +- O +1 O +in O +the O +controls O +and O +1 O +. O +1 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +2 O +) O +g O +litre O +- O +1 O +in O +the O +glycopyrrolate B-Chemical +group O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +H1 O +- O +and O +H2 O +- O +receptor O +blocking O +agents O +on O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +bronchoconstriction O +in O +non O +- O +asthmatic O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +2 O +The O +H2 O +- O +receptor O +blocker O +cimetidine B-Chemical +administered O +orally O +had O +no O +effect O +on O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +bronchoconstriction O +on O +any O +of O +the O +subjects O +tested O +. O + +aps B-category +3 O +The O +effects O +of O +intravenous O +chlorpheniramine B-Chemical +and O +cimetidine B-Chemical +, O +both O +alone O +and O +in O +combination O +, O +upon O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +bronchoconstriction O +, O +were O +also O +studied O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Proton O +resonances O +from O +histidine O +residues O +and O +19F O +resonances O +from O +fluorine O +- O +labeled O +fluorotyrosine O +and O +fluorotryptophan O +dihydrofolate O +reductase O +have O +been O +assigned O +in O +several O +cases O +to O +specific O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +the O +primary O +sequence O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +assignments O +are O +compared O +to O +those O +made O +for O +cytochromes O +c O +. O +A O +pH O +titration O +showed O +that O +the O +methionine B-Chemical +methyl O +resonance O +of O +ferricytochrome O +c2 O +shifted O +with O +a O +pK O +of O +6 O +. O +25 O +and O +disappeared O +above O +pH O +9 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibition O +shows O +saturation O +kinetics O +, O +and O +the O +inhibition O +constant O +is O +equal O +to O +the O +affinity O +constant O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +for O +its O +transport O +mechanism O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +MgATP O +has O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +fluorescence O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +released O +radioactivity O +- O +labelled O +oleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +was O +quantitated O +by O +selective O +extraction O +with O +a O +new O +biphasic O +solvent O +system O +containing O +carbon B-Chemical +tetrachloride I-Chemical +and O +hexane O +. O + +aps B-category +I O +. O +Luminescence O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +residues O +. O + +aps B-category +Monospecific O +antibodies O +were O +obtained O +by O +immunisation O +of O +rabbits O +with O +the O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulphate O +- O +skeletin O +complex O +, O +and O +rocket O +electrophoresis O +made O +it O +possible O +to O +quantify O +the O +concentration O +of O +protein O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Cellulase O +production O +and O +ammonia B-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +Trichoderma O +reesei O +on O +high O +levels O +of O +cellulose O +. O + +aps B-category +Approximately O +90 O +% O +of O +the O +ammonia B-Chemical +consumed O +by O +the O +organism O +can O +be O +added O +as O +NH4OH O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +active O +immobilized O +aminoacylase O +was O +obtained O +when O +aminoacylase O +was O +adsorbed O +to O +the O +immobilized O +tannin O +in O +a O +weak O +alkaline O +medium O +containing O +sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +and O +n O +- O +butanol O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +. O +The O +activity O +of O +the O +immobilized O +tannin O +- O +aminoacylase O +complex O +per O +unit O +volume O +was O +five O +times O +higher O +than O +that O +of O +the O +DEAE O +- O +Sephadex O +- O +aminoacylase O +complex O +used O +for O +industrial O +production O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +our O +plants O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rat O +hepatocytes O +during O +chemical O +carcinogenesis O +( O +3 O +' O +- O +MDAB O +) O +, O +as O +well O +as O +the O +cells O +of O +chemically O +- O +induced O +primary O +rat O +hepatomas O +preserved O +their O +response O +to O +partial O +hepatectomy O +by O +stimulation O +of O +the O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +incorporation O +into O +DNA O +; O +as O +in O +the O +normal O +liver O +this O +process O +is O +inhibited O +by O +dexamethason O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +the O +state O +of O +ionization O +of O +carboxyl O +groups O +in O +elastin O +in O +response O +to O +the O +binding O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +diagnosis O +was O +confirmed O +by O +patch O +tests O +with O +1 O +percent O +and O +5 O +percent O +carbromal O +in O +propylene B-Chemical +glycol I-Chemical +and O +the O +positive O +results O +of O +a O +macrophage O +migration O +inhibitory O +factor O +test O +for O +carbromal O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +protein O +shedding O +in O +the O +stomach O +was O +measured O +in O +23 O +normal O +individuals O +before O +and O +after O +intragastric O +administration O +of O +a O +30 O +% O +solution O +of O +ethyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +second O +technique O +which O +utilizes O +[ O +51Cr O +] O +chloride B-Chemical +was O +used O +in O +11 O +subjects O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +difference O +in O +total O +oxygen B-Chemical +uptake O +during O +the O +run O +between O +the O +active O +and O +passive O +warm O +- O +up O +procedure O +was O +0 O +. O +8 O +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +Trifluoroacetylation O +of O +both O +the O +derivatives O +and O +the O +parent O +toxin O +yielded O +, O +respectively O +, O +the O +five O +acetyl O +- O +penta O +( O +trifluoroacetyl B-Chemical +) O +- O +neurotoxins O +II O +and O +the O +hexa O +( O +trifluoroacetyl B-Chemical +) O +- O +neurotoxin O +II O +, O +which O +were O +studied O +by O +circular O +dichroism O +( O +CD O +) O +, O +1H O +and O +19F O +nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +( O +NMR O +) O +spectroscopy O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +altered O +configuration O +and O +/ O +or O +substitution O +pattern O +of O +the O +acetamidodeoxyhexose O +residue O +in O +hyaluronate B-Chemical +compared O +with O +chondroitin O +sulphates O +appears O +to O +have O +a O +critical O +influence O +on O +overall O +conformation O +in O +both O +alkaline O +and O +neutral O +solution O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effect O +of O +a O +parasympatholytic O +, O +prifinium O +bromide B-Chemical +, O +on O +the O +response O +of O +the O +isolated O +rat O +stomach O +to O +vagal O +stimulation O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +ATP O +synthesis O +driven O +by O +a O +pH O +gradient O +imposed O +across O +the O +cell O +membranes O +of O +lipoic O +acid O +and O +unsaturated O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +auxotrophs O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +. 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O +47 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +05 O +ng O +/ O +cm O +and O +0 O +. O +46 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +01 O +ng O +/ O +cm O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +were O +done O +in O +vitro O +with O +cholestyramine O +resin O +, O +vancomycin B-Chemical +, O +or O +gentamicin B-Chemical +to O +determine O +if O +the O +toxin O +was O +bound O +or O +denatured O +by O +these O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +vancomycin B-Chemical +nor O +gentamicin B-Chemical +had O +any O +effect O +on O +the O +in O +vitro O +cytotoxic O +activity O +of O +the O +toxin O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +augmentation O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +IRI O +release O +by O +intraduodenal O +acid O +can O +be O +abolished O +for O +30 O +min O +by O +simultaneous O +intravenous O +infusion O +of O +GIP O +- O +antiserum O +. O + +aps B-category +Also O +, O +in O +humans O +, O +intraduodenal O +infusion O +of O +0 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Although O +the O +dehydrogenase O +is O +not O +a O +soluble O +enzyme O +, O +polyvinyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +is O +included O +in O +the O +reaction O +medium O +to O +allow O +the O +use O +of O +a O +high O +substrate O +concentration O +whilst O +employing O +a O +low O +concentration O +( O +5 O +% O +) O +of O +dimethyl O +formamide O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dependence O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +triphosphatase I-Chemical +( O +ATPase O +) O +and O +succinic O +dehydrogenase O +( O +SDH O +) O +histochemical O +reactions O +on O +the O +pH O +of O +the O +preincubation O +medium O +was O +studied O +in O +serial O +cross O +sections O +of O +1 O +- O +to O +6 O +- O +month O +- O +old O +rat O +extensor O +digitorum O +longus O +( O +EDL O +) O +and O +soleus O +( O +SOL O +) O +muscles O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +it O +was O +shown O +that O +: O +( O +4 O +) O +fast O +- O +twitch O +muscle O +fibres O +exhibited O +high O +ATPase O +activity O +on O +preincubations O +at O +pH O +4 O +. O +9 O +to O +10 O +. O +4 O +, O +slow O +- O +twitch O +fibres O +had O +very O +high O +ATPase O +activity O +on O +preincubation O +at O +pH O +4 O +. O +3 O +and O +4 O +. O +5 O +; O +( O +5 O +) O +after O +preincubation O +at O +pH O +4 O +. O +5 O +two O +types O +of O +FOG O +fibres O +were O +observed O +, O +differing O +in O +their O +ATPase O +activity O +; O +( O +6 O +) O +in O +both O +muscles O +there O +were O +fibres O +with O +intermediate O +ATPase O +activity O +both O +after O +acid O +and O +/ O +or O +alkali B-Chemical +preincubations O +; O +( O +7 O +) O +the O +intrafusal O +muscle O +fibres O +exhibited O +some O +specific O +characteristics O +when O +compared O +with O +extrafusal O +fibres O +. O + +aps B-category +Suitable O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +were O +required O +at O +the O +P1 O +- O +P2 O +and O +P1 O +' O +- O +P2 O +' O +positions O +[ O +notation O +of O +Schechter O +and O +Berger O +( O +14 O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +catalysis O +, O +the O +presence O +of O +certain O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +at O +the O +P2 O +and O +P2 O +' O +positions O +was O +essential O +, O +mainly O +in O +relation O +to O +kcat O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +plasma O +membrane O +of O +Chang O +liver O +cells O +was O +shown O +to O +have O +at O +least O +two O +distinct O +active O +transport O +systems O +, O +one O +with O +preferential O +affinity O +for O +glycine B-Chemical +and O +one O +for O +leucine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +uptake O +of O +glycine B-Chemical +decreased O +remarkably O +within O +10 O +min O +on O +incubation O +with O +DNP O +( O +2 O +mM O +) O +, O +KCN O +( O +5 O +mM O +) O +, O +and O +malonate O +( O +20 O +mM O +) O +under O +aerobic O +conditions O +, O +along O +with O +a O +decrease O +of O +cellular O +ATP O +concentration O +to O +as O +low O +as O +1 O +/ O +4 O +of O +normal O +, O +while O +the O +uptake O +of O +leucine B-Chemical +was O +not O +depressed O +under O +these O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +Characterization O +of O +the O +purified O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +flavin I-Chemical +reductase O +of O +human O +erythrocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +reduced O +pyridine O +nucleotide B-Chemical +coenzyme O +and O +molecular O +oxygen B-Chemical +were O +required O +for O +the O +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibitory O +effects O +of O +nucleoside B-Chemical +triphosphates O +on O +nucleolar O +RNA O +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +of O +chemically O +modified O +histidine O +residues O +of O +proteins O +by O +carbon B-Chemical +13 O +nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +spectroscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +comparison O +of O +the O +spectrum O +of O +chromatographically O +pure O +[ O +N O +epsilon2 O +- O +carboxymethylhistidine O +- O +15 O +] O +lysozyme O +with O +that O +of O +the O +intact O +protein O +indicates O +that O +the O +chemical O +modification O +does O +not O +significantly O +affect O +the O +conformation O +of O +the O +protein O +( O +at O +least O +in O +the O +regions O +of O +all O +aromatic O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +According O +to O +the O +chemiosmotic O +hypothesis O +of O +oxidative O +phosphorylation O +this O +coupling O +of O +nucleotide B-Chemical +and O +Pi O +transport O +to O +proton O +transport O +implies O +that O +the O +P O +/ O +O O +ratio O +for O +the O +synthesis O +and O +transport O +of O +ATP O +to O +the O +external O +medium O +is O +less O +than O +the O +P O +/ O +O O +ratio O +for O +the O +synthesis O +of O +ATP O +inside O +mitochondria O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +suggest O +that O +these O +are O +the O +true O +values O +of O +the O +P O +/ O +O O +ratio O +for O +ATP O +synthesis O +and O +transport O +by O +mitochondria O +, O +and O +that O +previously O +reported O +higher O +values O +resulted O +from O +errors O +in O +the O +determination O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +uptake O +and O +the O +use O +of O +substrates O +which O +lead B-Chemical +to O +ATP O +synthesis O +by O +succinate O +thiokinase O +. O + +aps B-category +Flavin O +to O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sulfur I-Chemical +electron O +transfer O +as O +the O +rate O +- O +limiting O +step O +in O +the O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +c O +reductase O +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +Interaction O +of O +cholesteryl B-Chemical +ester I-Chemical +exchange O +protein O +with O +human O +plasma O +lipoproteins O +and O +phospholipid O +vesicles O +. O + +aps B-category +Interaction O +of O +lactoperoxidase O +with O +thiols B-Chemical +and O +diiodotyrosine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +formation O +of O +the O +enzyme B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thiol I-Chemical +complex O +is O +enhanced O +by O +diiodotyrosine O +. O + +aps B-category +Lactoperoxidase O +is O +also O +adsorbed O +on O +insolubilized O +thiols B-Chemical +( O +thiol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +agarose I-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +properties O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +after O +limited O +proteolysis O +by O +subtilisin O +. O + +aps B-category +Protection O +against O +inactivation O +is O +afforded O +by O +glutamine B-Chemical +and O +ammonium B-Chemical +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +Limited O +proteolysis O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +is O +inhibited O +by O +glutamate B-Chemical +and O +by O +feedback O +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +Trypsin O +cleaves O +the O +polypeptide O +chain O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +into O +two O +principal O +fragments O +, O +Mr O += O +about O +32 O +, O +000 O +and O +18 O +, O +000 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +substrate O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +retards O +tryptic O +as O +well O +as O +chymotryptic O +digestion O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +implication O +of O +these O +findings O +is O +that O +there O +is O +a O +region O +of O +the O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +polypeptide O +chain O +that O +is O +particularly O +susceptible O +to O +proteolysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Compound O +II O +can O +be O +readily O +oxidized O +to O +Compound O +I O +by O +either O +chloride B-Chemical +or O +chlorine O +dioxide O +in O +acidic O +solution O +. O + +aps B-category +Mutants O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +lacking O +malic O +dehydrogenase O +activity O +( O +mdh O +) O +were O +incapable O +of O +growth O +on O +acetate O +" O +, O +succinate O +- O +or O +malate B-Chemical +/ O +mineral O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inability O +of O +mutants O +lacking O +malic O +dehydrogenase O +to O +grow O +with O +a O +C4 O +- O +dicarboxylic O +acid O +as O +the O +carbon B-Chemical +source O +can O +be O +attributed O +to O +the O +difficulty O +such O +mutants O +have O +in O +synthesizing O +oxalacetate O +. O + +aps B-category +Chromogenic O +cephalosporin B-Chemical +spot O +test O +to O +detect O +beta O +- O +lactamase O +in O +clinically O +significant O +bacteria O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stimulations O +of O +D O +, O +A O +, O +and O +B O +cells O +were O +abolished O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O +alpha O +- O +Adrenergic O +agonism O +( O +10 O +ng O +/ O +ml O +epinephrine B-Chemical +) O +after O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blockade O +) O +moderately O +decreased O +somatostatin O +( O +- O +37 O ++ O +/ O +- O +7 O +% O +) O +secretion O +, O +moderately O +increased O +glucagon O +( O +91 O ++ O +/ O +- O +19 O +% O +) O +, O +and O +markedly O +decreased O +insulin O +( O +- O +85 O ++ O +/ O +- O +3 O +% O +) O +release O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +effects O +on O +the O +D O +and O +A O +cell O +were O +abolished O +by O +either O +phentolamine B-Chemical +or O +by O +phenoxybenzamine O +. O + +aps B-category +Also O +present O +in O +equivalent O +amounts O +in O +acidified O +serum O +from O +endotoxin O +- O +treated O +mice O +, O +but O +barely O +detectable O +in O +control O +sera O +, O +was O +a O +3 O +, O +000 O +- O +dalton O +molecule O +whose O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +sequence O +is O +identical O +to O +the O +amino B-Chemical +terminal O +24 O +residues O +of O +mouse O +albumin O +. O + +aps B-category +Dopamine B-Chemical +during O +alpha O +- O +or O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blockade O +in O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +a O +concentration O +of O +1 O +. O +5 O +mug O +/ O +kg O +. O +min O +, O +the O +infusion O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +in O +12 O +normal O +volunteers O +was O +associated O +with O +a O +transient O +but O +significant O +rise O +in O +pulse O +rate O +, O +which O +was O +prevented O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +neither O +the O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blocker O +, O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +nor O +the O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +blocker O +, O +phentolamine B-Chemical +, O +was O +effective O +in O +inhibiting O +the O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +rise O +in O +plasma O +glucagon O +( O +from O +82 O ++ O +/ O +- O +9 O +to O +128 O ++ O +/ O +- O +14 O +pg O +/ O +ml O +; O +P O +& O +lt O +; O +0 O +. O +005 O +) O +and O +serum O +insulin O +( O +from O +7 O +. O +5 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +to O +13 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +5 O +muU O +/ O +ml O +; O +P O +& O +lt O +; O +0 O +. O +005 O +) O +or O +its O +suppression O +of O +plasma O +prolactin O +( O +from O +8 O +. O +5 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +to O +5 O +. O +2 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +8 O +ng O +/ O +ml O +; O +P O +& O +lt O +; O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Whereas O +some O +metabolic O +and O +cardiovascular O +effects O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +are O +mediated O +through O +adrenergic O +mechanisms O +, O +these O +observations O +indicate O +that O +this O +is O +not O +the O +case O +for O +the O +effects O +of O +this O +catecholamine B-Chemical +on O +glucagon O +, O +insulin O +, O +and O +prolactin O +secretion O +, O +and O +thus O +provide O +further O +support O +for O +the O +theory O +of O +a O +specific O +dopaminergic O +sensitivity O +of O +these O +hormonal O +systems O +in O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +Recent O +observations O +indicate O +that O +in O +thyroparathyroidectomized O +( O +TPTX O +) O +rats O +fed O +a O +low O +( O +0 O +. O +2 O +g O +/ O +100 O +g O +) O +phosphorus B-Chemical +diet O +, O +the O +tubular O +phosphaturic O +response O +to O +parathyroid O +hormone O +( O +PTH O +) O +remains O +markedly O +blunted O +even O +when O +it O +is O +assessed O +at O +normal O +or O +high O +plasma O +concentration O +and O +filtered O +load O +of O +inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +( O +Pi O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +show O +that O +in O +Vitamin B-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +replete I-Chemical +TPTX O +rats O +fed O +a O +low O +( O +0 O +. O +2 O +g O +/ O +100 O +g O +) O +phosphorus B-Chemical +diet O +, O +1 O +, O +25 O +( O +OH O +) O +( O +2 O +) O +D O +( O +3 O +) O +( O +2 O +x O +13 O +pmol O +/ O +d O +i O +. O +p O +. O + +aps B-category +Unlike O +1 O +, O +25 O +- O +( O +OH O +) O +( O +2 O +) O +D O +( O +3 O +) O +, O +25 O +- O +hydroxyvitamin O +D O +( O +3 O +) O +did O +not O +unmask O +the O +phosphaturic O +effect O +of O +PTH O +in O +phosphate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +depleted I-Chemical +animals O +, O +even O +when O +given O +in O +doses O +100 O +times O +larger O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +workers O +have O +suggested O +that O +cholinergic O +stimuli O +, O +adrenergic O +stimuli O +, O +and O +prostaglandins B-Chemical +may O +all O +stimulate O +secretion O +. O + +aps B-category +Terbutaline B-Chemical +, O +10 O +muM O +, O +a O +noncatecholamine O +beta O +- O +2 O +adrenergic O +agonist O +, O +caused O +a O +release O +of O +2 O +. O +0 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +5 O +( O +mean O ++ O +/ O +- O +SD O +) O +times O +the O +basal O +release O +of O +[ O +( O +14 O +) O +C O +] O +disaturated O +phosphatidylcholine O +in O +3 O +h O +; O +the O +concentration O +of O +terbutaline B-Chemical +causing O +half O +maximal O +stimulation O +was O +800 O +nM O +. O + +aps B-category +Isobutylmethylxanthine O +, O +a O +phosphodiesterase O +inhibitor O +, O +and O +8 O +- O +Br O +cyclic O +AMP O +, O +but O +not O +8 O +- O +Br O +cyclic O +guanosine B-Chemical +monophosphate O +, O +also O +stimulated O +release O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +newly O +introduced O +sulphydryl O +compound O +, O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +( O +DTT O +) O +, O +is O +evaluated O +for O +its O +optimal O +conditions O +of O +inactivation O +of O +IgM O +antibodies O +. O + +aps B-category +Lesions O +of O +the O +tract O +result O +in O +reductions O +in O +the O +striatum O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +levels O +as O +well O +as O +high O +affinity O +uptake O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +into O +synaptosomes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fine O +structure O +of O +the O +cortico O +- O +striatal O +pathway O +was O +studied O +to O +provide O +evidence O +regarding O +the O +morphology O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +nerve O +endings O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +provide O +morphological O +evidence O +as O +to O +the O +nature O +of O +the O +probable O +glutamatergic O +boutons O +in O +the O +striatum O +, O +and O +show O +the O +close O +relationship O +of O +such O +boutons O +with O +the O +neurotoxic O +effects O +of O +kainic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Relationships O +between O +the O +hypothalamus O +and O +the O +pituitary O +in O +the O +aging O +woman O +are O +discussed O +under O +the O +following O +subheadings O +: O +synthesis O +and O +release O +of O +follicle O +- O +stimulating O +and O +luteinizing O +hormones O +, O +estrogen B-Chemical +receptors O +, O +other O +releasing O +factors O +, O +neurotransmitters O +, O +and O +the O +mechanisms O +of O +hot O +flushes O +and O +migrainoid O +headaches O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +introduction O +of O +a O +diet O +low O +in O +tyrosine B-Chemical +and O +alanine B-Chemical +has O +lead B-Chemical +to O +a O +rapid O +improvement O +and O +finally O +a O +complete O +cure O +of O +the O +ophthalmological O +and O +dermatological O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effects O +of O +different O +soldering O +gap O +spaces O +on O +tensile O +strength O +in O +soldered O +dental O +gold B-Chemical +alloy O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +additives O +tested O +included O +flavomycin O +, O +furazolidone O +, O +nitrovin O +, O +tetracyline O +, O +tylosin O +, O +sulphaquinoxaline O +, O +virginiamycin O +and O +zinc B-Chemical +bacitracin O +. O + +aps B-category +Phosphorylase O +" O +a O +" O +( O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +ml O +) O +, O +aldolase O +( O +15 O +mg O +/ O +ml O +) O +and O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +( O +0 O +. O +1 O +mg O +/ O +ml O +) O +were O +found O +to O +inhibit O +the O +proliferation O +of O +Vibrio O +cholerae O +cells O +; O +phosphoglucomutase O +and O +glyceraldehyde B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +at O +a O +concentration O +of O +0 O +. O +25 O +mg O +/ O +ml O +were O +found O +to O +be O +vibriocidal O +. O + +aps B-category +Alterations O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +homeostasis O +in O +pure O +potassium B-Chemical +depletion O +: O +studies O +in O +rats O +and O +dogs O +during O +the O +recovery O +phase O +. O + +aps B-category +Purification O +and O +characterization O +of O +an O +NADP O ++ O +- O +linked O +alcohol B-Chemical +oxido O +- O +reductase O +which O +catalyzes O +the O +interconversion O +of O +gamma O +- O +hydroxybutyrate O +and O +succinic O +semialdehyde O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +isolated O +eyes O +synthesized O +and O +accumulated O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +but O +not O +other O +putative O +neurotransmitter O +substances O +. O + +aps B-category +Carbachol B-Chemical +or O +nicotine B-Chemical +produced O +hyperpolarization O +of O +the O +photoreceptors O +' O +membrane O +accompanied O +by O +a O +reduction O +of O +the O +input O +resistance O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +of O +these O +different O +experiments O +, O +especially O +when O +considered O +together O +, O +strongly O +suggest O +, O +although O +by O +no O +means O +unequivocally O +demonstrate O +, O +that O +the O +neurotransmitter O +of O +the O +photoreceptors O +is O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +in O +vivo O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesis O +as O +well O +as O +the O +levels O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +( O +G6PD O +) O +, O +6 O +- O +phosphogluconate O +dehydrogenase O +( O +6PGD O +) O +, O +malic O +enzyme O +( O +ME O +) O +, O +citrate B-Chemical +cleavage O +enzyme O +( O +CCE O +) O +, O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +carboxylase O +( O +ACX O +) O +and O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthetase O +( O +FAS O +) O +activities O +, O +have O +been O +studied O +in O +the O +liver O +of O +rats O +fed O +a O +fat O +- O +free O +diet O +for O +7 O +days O +, O +followed O +by O +diets O +containing O +different O +amounts O +of O +soybean O +oil O +( O +0 O +to O +24 O +. O +79 O +kcal O +% O +) O +for O +7 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +, O +as O +well O +as O +the O +pattern O +of O +decrement O +of O +enzyme O +activities O +and O +of O +lipogenesis O +, O +suggest O +a O +close O +correlation O +of O +fat O +feeding O +to O +ACX O +activity O +and O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Large O +amounts O +of O +isotope O +in O +niacinamide B-Chemical +and O +some O +in O +nicotinamide O +mononucleotide O +( O +NMN O +) O +were O +also O +found O +indicating O +substantial O +NAD O +- O +glycohydrolase O +activity O +in O +this O +intestinal O +preparation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +heart O +rate O +in O +the O +neuropsychiatric O +patients O +decreased O +by O +only O +3 O +. O +9 O +% O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +an O +average O +decrease O +of O +12 O +. O +6 O +% O +in O +healthy O +adults O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Stereospecific O +antidopaminergic O +and O +anticholinergic O +actions O +of O +the O +enantiomers O +of O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +- O +1 O +- O +cyclopropylmethyl O +- O +4 O +- O +( O +3 O +- O +trifluoromethylthio O +- O +5H O +- O +dibenzo O +[ O +a O +, O +d O +] O +cyclohepten O +- O +5 O +- O +ylidene O +) O +piperidine O +( O +CTC O +) O +, O +a O +derivative O +of O +cyproheptadine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +in O +vivo O +( O +antagonism O +of O +apomorphine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +stereotypy O +, O +elevation O +of O +striatal O +homovanillic O +acid O +) O +and O +in O +vitro O +( O +inhibition O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +haloperidol B-Chemical +binding O +) O +, O +( O +- O +) O +- O +CTC O +was O +less O +active O +than O +haloperidol B-Chemical +but O +more O +potent O +or O +equipotent O +compared O +to O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +. 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O +] O + +aps B-category +] O +, O +suggesting O +that O +the O +activation O +process O +probably O +does O +not O +involve O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +which O +converts O +superoxide B-Chemical +anion O +to O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +and O +ultimately O +to O +hydroxyl B-Chemical +radical O +. O + +aps B-category +Butylated O +hydroxytoluene O +, O +a O +hydroxyl B-Chemical +radical O +scavenger O +, O +also O +had O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +paraquat O +activation O +of O +guanylate O +cyclase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +it O +would O +appear O +that O +superoxide B-Chemical +ion O +itself O +can O +activate O +guanylate O +cyclase O +circumventing O +any O +requirement O +for O +hydroxyl B-Chemical +radical O +formation O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +the O +first O +part O +of O +its O +action O +, O +which O +lasts O +for O +approximately O +60 O +min O +, O +ouabain B-Chemical +( O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +increased O +the O +m O +. O +e O +. O +p O +. O +p O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +60 O +min O +in O +ouabain B-Chemical +( O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +m O +. O +e O +. O +p O +. O +p O +. O + +aps B-category +Picrotoxin O +- O +and O +bicuculline B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +inhibition O +of O +cardiac O +vagal O +reflexes O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +strychnine B-Chemical +and O +pentylenetetrazol B-Chemical +failed O +to O +change O +the O +heart O +rate O +responses O +produced O +by O +stimulation O +of O +the O +hypothalamus O +or O +brachial O +plexus O +afferents O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +picrotoxin B-Chemical +and O +bicuculline B-Chemical +lowered O +basal O +heart O +rate O +in O +spinal O +cats O +but O +not O +in O +decerebrate O +spinal O +cats O +. O + +aps B-category +Pharmacological O +properties O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +adenylate O +cyclase O +from O +mammalian O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +number O +of O +molecular O +similarities O +between O +the O +antipsychotic O +agents O +butaclamol O +and O +clozapine B-Chemical +were O +noted O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +simplified O +analogues O +( O +4 O +, O +8 O +, O +and O +12a O +) O +of O +butaclamol O +which O +still O +retained O +the O +molecular O +functionalities O +of O +the O +parent O +structure O +were O +synthesized O +and O +tested O +in O +the O +haloperidol B-Chemical +receptor O +assay O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +only O +metabolite O +of O +2 O +' O +- O +chloronordiazepam O +, O +7 O +- O +chloro O +- O +1 O +, O +3 O +- O +dihydro O +- O +5 O +- O +( O +2 O +' O +- O +chlorophenyl O +) O +- O +2H O +- O +1 O +, O +4 O +- O +benzodiazepin O +- O +2 O +- O +one O +( O +1 O +) O +, O +previously O +identified O +in O +the O +dog O +is O +lorazepam B-Chemical +( O +2 O +) O +, O +which O +is O +a O +product O +of O +3 O +- O +hydroxylation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +structure O +of O +the O +9 O +- O +hydroxy O +isomer O +4 O +is O +deduced O +simply O +from O +the O +observed O +NMR O +spectral O +AB O +( O +J O +meta O += O +2 O +. O +5 O +Hz O +) O +pattern O +of O +the O +protons O +of O +the O +fused O +benzene B-Chemical +ring O +. O + +aps B-category +Hence O +, O +a O +novel O +method O +is O +introduced O +to O +identify O +the O +4 O +' O +- O +hydroxy O +isomer O +3 O +, O +based O +on O +attributing O +different O +sets O +of O +NMR O +substituent O +effect O +parameters O +to O +hydroxyl B-Chemical +groups O +, O +depending O +on O +whether O +these O +groups O +are O +meta O +or O +para O +to O +the O +benzodiazepinimine O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetics O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +oxidation O +by O +dialkylaminoalkylphenothiazine O +cation O +radicals O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +two B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carbon I-Chemical +side O +- O +chain O +derivatives O +have O +reaction O +rates O +higher O +than O +the O +three B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carbon I-Chemical +ones O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +complexes O +99mTc O +- O +dimercaptosuccinic O +acid O +, O +99mTc O +- O +dimercaptoglutaric O +acid O +, O +and O +99mmTc O +- O +dimercaptoadipic O +acid O +were O +formed O +by O +reducing O +sodium B-Chemical +99mTc O +- O +pertechnetate O +with O +stannous O +chloride B-Chemical +in O +the O +presence O +of O +2 O +- O +10 O +fold O +excess O +ligand O +at O +pH O +2 O +. O +5 O +or O +7 O +. O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +Urinary O +LDH O +activity O +was O +significantly O +elevated O +by O +aspirin B-Chemical +, O +ketophenylbutazone O +, O +aminopyrine O +, O +phenacetin B-Chemical +and O +acetaminophen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +drugs O +such O +as O +sodium B-Chemical +salicylate I-Chemical +, O +ibufenac O +, O +ibuprofen B-Chemical +, O +bucolome O +, O +aminopropylone O +, O +sulfinpyrazone O +, O +benzydamine O +and O +mepirizole O +did O +not O +significantly O +influence O +any O +enzyme O +activities O +measured O +in O +urine O +. O + +aps B-category +Meningitis O +from O +a O +pneumococcus O +moderately O +resistant O +to O +penicillin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +One O +of O +these O +children O +had O +meningitis O +and O +showed O +signs O +of O +early O +relapse O +despite O +high O +doses O +of O +penicillin B-Chemical +G I-Chemical +potassium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Quantitative O +nasopharyngeal O +cultures O +were O +particularly O +useful O +in O +predicting O +the O +presence O +of O +ampicillin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +Haemophilus O +influenzae O +and O +group O +A O +streptococci O +as O +causative O +agents O +in O +otitis O +media O +. O + +aps B-category +Anoxic O +stimulation O +of O +glycolysis O +( O +Pasteur O +effect O +) O +is O +inhibited O +during O +ischaemia O +by O +lactate B-Chemical +and O +proton O +accumulation O +at O +the O +levels O +of O +phosphofructokinase O +and O +glyceraldehyde B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +endoproducts O +of O +aerobic O +glycolysis O +( O +pyruvate B-Chemical +and O +NADH O +) O +are O +transported O +into O +the O +mitochondria O +by O +the O +malate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +cycle O +and O +by O +pyruvate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mitochondrial O +creatine B-Chemical +kinase O +is O +thought O +to O +transform O +ATP O +transported O +outwards O +into O +creatine B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +which O +can O +permeate O +the O +outer O +mitochondrial O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclic O +AMP O +may O +regulate O +admission O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +to O +the O +cell O +during O +the O +plateau O +of O +the O +action O +potential O +and O +promote O +calcium B-Chemical +uptake O +by O +the O +sarcoplasmic O +reticulum O +by O +phosphorylation O +of O +phospholamban O +. O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +and O +cyclic O +AMP O +may O +also O +interact O +at O +the O +level O +of O +the O +contractile O +proteins O +where O +cyclic O +AMP O +phosphrylates O +troponin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +on O +the O +function O +of O +the O +heart O +, O +its O +hemodynamics O +and O +metabolism O +was O +studied O +on O +dogs O +and O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +most O +cases O +a O +discontinuation O +of O +drug O +together O +with O +therapy O +lead B-Chemical +to O +a O +complete O +withdrawal O +of O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +125I O +- O +wheat O +germ O +agglutinin O +as O +a O +plasma O +membrane O +probe O +, O +a O +fraction O +was O +obtained O +at O +a O +sucrose B-Chemical +density O +of O +about O +1 O +. O +10 O +that O +was O +enriched O +in O +5 O +' O +- O +nucleotidase O +, O +Mg2 O ++ O +- O +ATPase O +and O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +. O + +aps B-category +Synthetic O +compounds O +, O +which O +either O +compete O +against O +the O +epsilon O +- O +lysine O +cross O +- O +linking O +functionalities O +of O +the O +protein O +substrates O +( O +eg O +, O +histamine B-Chemical +, O +aminoacetonitrile O +, O +cystamine O +) O +or O +directly O +inactivate O +the O +transamidase O +( O +eg O +, O +cystamine O +) O +, O +inhibit O +the O +membrane O +polymerization O +reaction O +in O +intact O +human O +erythrocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +premedication O +with O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical += O +Rohypnol O +2 O +mg O +orally O +( O +2 O +- O +- O +3 O +hours O +preop O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +analog O +- O +sedation O +on O +pulmonary O +respiration O +and O +cardiovascular O +circulation O +caused O +by O +the O +action O +of O +pentazocine B-Chemical +/ O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +respectively O +in O +microsurgical O +operations O +under O +local O +anesthesia O +in O +otolaryngology O +is O +investigated O +in O +two O +collectives O +of O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Benzodiazepine O +receptors O +: O +temperature O +dependence O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +binding O +. O + +aps B-category +Chronic O +haloperidol B-Chemical +: O +tolerance O +to O +the O +stimulating O +effect O +on O +striatal O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +. O + +aps B-category +Solubilization O +and O +characterization O +of O +the O +partially O +purified O +penicillin B-Chemical +sensitive O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +carboxypeptidase O +of O +Neisseria O +gonorrhoeae O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +partially O +purified O +enzyme O +eluted O +from O +the O +column O +with O +a O +gradient O +of O +NaCl B-Chemical +( O +0 O +- O +1 O +M O +) O +, O +catalysed O +the O +release O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alanine I-Chemical +from O +a O +radioactively O +labelled O +UDP O +- O +N O +- O +acetylmuramyl O +- O +pentapeptide O +with O +a O +pH O +optimum O +of O +8 O +. O +6 O +. O + +aps B-category +Revised O +culturing O +methods O +utilizing O +the O +elements O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +, O +sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +, O +calcium B-Chemical +and O +magnesium B-Chemical +in O +Sabouraud O +' O +s O +Agar O +slant O +aerobically O +may O +help O +recover O +the O +adult O +micro O +- O +organism O +for O +positive O +identification O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +we O +investigated O +in O +13 O +elder O +patients O +suffering O +from O +arterial O +hypertension O +the O +effect O +of O +a O +hypotensive O +combined O +therapy O +with O +a O +diuretic B-Chemical +and O +a O +beta O +- O +receptorblocker O +on O +elevated O +blood O +pressures O +during O +and O +after O +ergometric O +work O +. O + +aps B-category +4 O +patients O +with O +hypertensive O +crisis O +( O +glomerulonephritis O +[ O +n O += O +2 O +] O +, O +phaeochromocytoma O +[ O +n O += O +1 O +] O +, O +reno O +- O +vascular O +hypertension O +[ O +n O += O +1 O +] O +combined O +with O +encephalopathy O +, O +showed O +a O +normalisation O +of O +blood O +- O +pressure O +up O +to O +18 O +days O +during O +angiotensin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +II I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +blockade I-Chemical +with O +saralasin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Increased O +plasma O +- O +renin O +- O +activity O +and O +plasma O +levels O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +pointed O +to O +an O +activation O +of O +the O +renin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +angiotensin I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +and O +sympathico O +- O +adrenergic O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Side O +- O +effects O +like O +pressor O +- O +reactions O +are O +excluded O +by O +very O +low O +priming O +doses O +( O +0 O +, O +1 O +microgram O +/ O +kg O +/ O +min O +) O +; O +rebound O +- O +hypertension O +at O +the O +end O +of O +the O +therapy O +is O +avoided O +by O +an O +overlapping O +therapy O +with O +renin O +suppressing O +drugs O +( O +beta O +- O +receptor O +blockers O +, O +clonidine B-Chemical +, O +guanfacinum O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Chronic O +disease O +, O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +was O +more O +heterogeneous O +. O + +aps B-category +Dependence O +of O +plasmodial O +glutathione B-Chemical +metabolism O +on O +the O +host O +cell O +. O + +aps B-category +Therapeutic O +antagonism O +between O +anticholinergic O +antiparkinsonism O +agents O +and O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +in O +schizophrenia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +countertherapeutic O +effects O +of O +anticholinergic O +drugs O +are O +reflected O +particularly O +in O +parameters O +which O +represent O +features O +of O +schizophrenic O +psychosis O +most O +consistently O +responsive O +to O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Bromolysergide O +and O +methysergide B-Chemical +protection O +against O +ECS O +- O +induced O +retrograde O +amnesia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +antiamnestic O +effect O +brought O +about O +by O +the O +two O +drugs O +was O +discussed O +in O +terms O +of O +receptor O +antagonism O +against O +ECS O +- O +released O +brain O +serotonin B-Chemical +, O +whereas O +the O +lower O +passive O +- O +avoidance O +level O +observed O +in O +treated O +animals O +was O +considered O +in O +relation O +to O +a O +possible O +antipunishment O +effect O +of O +antiserotoninergic O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +daily O +dose O +of O +lergotrile O +in O +adequately O +treated O +patients O +was O +49 O +mg O +, O +permitting O +a O +10 O +percent O +reduction O +in O +the O +dose O +of O +levodopa B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Next O +they O +discuss O +medical O +aids O +and O +more O +specifically O +the O +machinery O +designed O +to O +assist O +respiration O +, O +such O +as O +pulmonary O +ventilators O +and O +the O +" O +iron B-Chemical +lung O +" O +, O +as O +implements O +that O +can O +be O +used O +to O +advantage O +in O +medical O +wards O +. O + +aps B-category +Salbutamol B-Chemical +evaluating O +the O +acute O +" O +in O +vivo O +" O +variations O +of O +acid O +- O +base O +and O +hydro O +- O +electrolitic O +balance O +in O +16 O +chronic O +obstructive O +lung O +patients O +undergoing O +e O +. O +v O +. O + +aps B-category +Role O +of O +thiamine B-Chemical +in O +regulation O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +cholesterol B-Chemical +biosynthesis O +in O +cultured O +brain O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +absorption O +of O +short O +chain O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +( O +SCFA O +' O +s O +) O +such O +as O +acetate O +, O +propionate O +, O +and O +butyrate O +was O +much O +greater O +than O +that O +of O +succinate O +or O +lactate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +serotonin B-Chemical +on O +the O +activity O +of O +neurons O +were O +largely O +opposite O +to O +that O +of O +H O ++ O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cholinesterase O +inhibitor O +, O +eserine B-Chemical +, O +increased O +the O +neuronal O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Mycelial O +lipids O +of O +O O +. O +fragrans O +contained O +nine O +fractions O +, O +among O +which O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +and O +triglycerides B-Chemical +were O +in O +predominance O +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +salts O +of O +cholic O +, O +taurocholic O +, O +deoxycholic O +, O +and O +glycocholic O +acids O +at O +concentrations O +over O +0 O +. O +5 O +% O +, O +as O +a O +rule O +, O +activated O +lipolysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Antimicrobial O +activity O +of O +chloramphenicol B-Chemical +in O +solid O +dispersion O +systems O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +antimicrobial O +activity O +of O +the O +drug O +is O +enhanced O +when O +it O +is O +present O +in O +the O +from O +of O +a O +solid O +dispersion O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Psychomotor O +changes O +during O +the O +initial O +day O +of O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +medication O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuroleptic B-Chemical +withdrawal O +dyskinesia O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Trebenzomine O +: O +a O +new O +psychotropic O +agent O +with O +potential O +as O +an O +antipsychotic O +and O +an O +antidepressant B-Chemical +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +calcium I-Chemical +interaction O +in O +the O +process O +of O +gastric O +acid O +secretion O +in O +man O +( O +preliminary O +note O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +secreto O +- O +vasomotor O +responses O +can O +be O +influenced O +by O +activation O +of O +these O +fibres O +and O +the O +atropine B-Chemical +resistant O +vasodilatation O +seen O +following O +Vidian O +nerve O +stimulation O +thus O +may O +partly O +be O +due O +to O +activation O +and O +release O +of O +SP O +and O +VIP O +. O + +aps B-category +Sulindac B-Chemical +and O +floctafenine O +do O +not O +changes O +this O +elimination O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Differences O +in O +[ O +125I O +] O +hCG O +and O +[ O +125I O +] O +hLH O +binding O +were O +observed O +by O +exposing O +receptors O +to O +increasing O +temperatures O +and O +pHs O +and O +by O +pre O +- O +treating O +membranes O +with O +dimethyl B-Chemical +sulphoxide I-Chemical +, O +Triton O +X O +- O +100 O +, O +various O +enzymes O +and O +protein O +reagents O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +rising O +intragastric O +pH O +induced O +by O +different O +antacids O +and O +by O +cimetidine B-Chemical +on O +unstimulated O +serum O +gastrin O +levels O +in O +duodenal O +ulcer O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pharmacokinetics O +of O +a O +structurally O +new O +5HT O +- O +uptake O +inhibitor O +, O +femoxetine O +( O +FG O +4963 O +) O +, O +with O +antidepressant B-Chemical +properties O +have O +been O +investigated O +in O +man O +using O +a O +radioactive O +as O +well O +as O +a O +non O +- O +labelled O +substance O +. 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O + +aps B-category +As O +exemplified O +by O +dansyl O +- O +( O +5 O +- O +dimethylamino O +- O +1 O +- O +naphthalenesulfonyl O +) O +, O +( O +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +dinitrobenzenesulfonyl O +) O +- O +, O +and O +( O +2 O +, O +4 O +, O +6 O +- O +triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl O +) O +- O +cadaverines O +- O +- O +each O +of O +which O +showed O +affinities O +of O +approximately O +4 O +x O +10 O +( O +7 O +) O +M O +- O +1 O +- O +- O +the O +best O +amine B-Chemical +substrates O +carried O +a O +large O +hydrophobic O +substituent O +attached O +to O +an O +alkylamine O +side O +chain O +of O +about O +7 O +. O +2 O +A O +in O +length O +. O + +aps B-category +Pd O +( O +II O +) O +complex O +to O +adenosine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +diphosphate O +( O +ADP O +) O +and O +adenosine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +triphosphate O +( O +ATP O +) O +has O +been O +studied O +using O +13C O +, O +1H O +NMR O +and O +electronic O +spectral O +methods O +. O + +aps B-category +Pd O +( O +II O +) O +complex O +molecules O +are O +coordinated O +to O +the O +nucleotide B-Chemical +by O +N O +- O +1 O +and O +N O +- O +7 O +nitrogens O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzymatic O +preparation O +of O +[ O +alpha O +- O +( O +32 O +) O +P O +] O +nucleoside B-Chemical +triphosphates O +, O +cyclic O +[ O +32P O +] O +AMP O +, O +and O +cyclic O +[ O +32P O +] O +GMP O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +[ O +5 O +' O +- O +( O +32 O +) O +P O +] O +nucleoside B-Chemical +monophosphates O +are O +then O +converted O +enzymatically O +to O +the O +respective O +triphosphates O +. O + +aps B-category +Minor O +modifications O +of O +the O +method O +should O +permit O +higher O +specific O +activities O +, O +especially O +for O +the O +[ O +alpha O +- O +( O +32 O +) O +P O +] O +nucleoside B-Chemical +triphosphates O +. O + +aps B-category +Moreover O +, O +the O +[ O +alpha O +- O +( O +32 O +) O +P O +] O +nucleoside B-Chemical +triphosphates O +prepared O +by O +this O +method O +should O +be O +very O +useful O +in O +studies O +on O +nucleic O +acid O +structure O +and O +metabolism O +and O +the O +[ O +gamma O +- O +( O +32 O +) O +P O +] O +nucleoside B-Chemical +triphosphates O +should O +be O +useful O +in O +the O +study O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +transfer O +systems O +. O + +aps B-category +NADH O +- O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +desaturation O +of O +linoleic O +acid O +in O +the O +extracted O +microsomal O +fraction O +of O +rat O +liver O +, O +and O +related O +effects O +of O +catalase O +and O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +the O +substrate O +properties O +on O +the O +catalytic O +activity O +of O +lysosomal O +cholesteryl B-Chemical +ester I-Chemical +hydrolase O +from O +rat O +liver O +have O +been O +examined O +with O +three O +standard O +substrate O +types O +: O +vesicle O +, O +micelle O +and O +emulsion O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mixed O +micelle O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +taurocholate O +and O +phosphatidylcholine O +was O +the O +most O +potent O +substrate O +vehicle O +. O + +aps B-category +Activation O +of O +the O +reductase O +was O +blocked O +by O +hydroxymethylglutaryl O +- O +CoA O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +as O +well O +as O +by O +KF O +so O +that O +activation O +did O +not O +occur O +under O +the O +conditions O +of O +the O +enzyme O +assay O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +( O +SDS O +) O +on O +yeast O +cells O +resulting O +in O +the O +cellular O +proteins O +release O +from O +the O +cells O +was O +examined O +. O + +aps B-category +Currents O +of O +H O ++ O +and O +K O ++ O +ions O +initiated O +under O +the O +effect O +of O +facultative O +anaerobe O +of O +A O +. O +laidlawii O +, O +valinomycin O +, O +nigericin O +and O +carbonyl O +cyanide O +chloride B-Chemical +phenylhydrasone O +on O +the O +membrane O +are O +recorded O +by O +means O +of O +the O +system O +of O +cation O +sensitive O +electrodes O +. O + +aps B-category +Preincubation O +of O +cells O +with O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +o I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +essentially O +decreases O +the O +effect O +of O +induced O +ion O +transport O +. O + +aps B-category +Conformational O +features O +of O +bradykinin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +vasoactive O +hormone O +bradykinin B-Chemical +, O +its O +N O +- O +and O +C O +- O +terminal O +fragments O +and O +some O +structural O +analogues O +were O +studied O +by O +Circular O +Dichroism O +. O + +aps B-category +Differences O +between O +bradykinin B-Chemical +, O +its O +fragments O +and O +analogues O +become O +clearly O +established O +in O +conformational O +terms O +, O +and O +are O +discussed O +in O +relation O +to O +the O +biological O +activity O +of O +these O +peptides O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +shown O +that O +40 O +- O +- O +50 O +% O +modification O +of O +the O +heme O +carboxylic O +groups O +by O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +decreases O +the O +peroxidase O +activity O +of O +the O +modified O +hemins O +and O +that O +of O +modified O +hemoglobins O +reconstructed O +from O +these O +hemins O +and O +globin O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +acids O +, O +alkali B-Chemical +, O +hydroxylamine O +and O +snake O +venom O +phosphodiesterase O +on O +the O +complex O +suggest O +that O +the O +linkage O +between O +the O +protein O +and O +adenylic O +acid O +may O +be O +of O +a O +phosphoester O +or O +phosphoamide O +type O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purification O +procedure O +included O +fractionation O +by O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +, O +ion O +- O +exchange O +chromatography O +on O +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +and O +gelfiltration O +through O +Ultragel O +AcA O +- O +34 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +of O +the O +enzyme O +was O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +the O +same O +time O +the O +amount O +of O +aromatic O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +is O +relatively O +high O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +binding O +constants O +( O +Ks O +) O +and O +the O +kinetic O +parameters O +( O +Km O +and O +V O +) O +for O +the O +above O +substrate O +in O +control O +microsomes O +and O +in O +those O +induced O +by O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +and O +3 O +- O +methyl O +cholanthrene O +were O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +kinetics O +of O +enzymatic O +oxidation O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +in O +the O +presence O +of O +alcohol B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +within O +a O +wide O +range O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +and O +NAD O +concentrations O +( O +pH O +6 O +. O +0 O +- O +- O +11 O +. O +5 O +) O +were O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +mechanism O +of O +activation O +based O +on O +negative O +cooperativity O +of O +ADH O +subunits O +for O +binding O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +and O +NAD O +was O +proposed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +nature O +of O +ionogenic O +groups O +of O +alcohol B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +, O +which O +affect O +the O +formation O +of O +complexes O +between O +the O +enzyme O +and O +NAD O +and O +ethanol B-Chemical +, O +and O +the O +rate O +constants O +for O +catalytic O +oxidation O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +was O +assumed O +. O + +aps B-category +splits O +N O +- O +acyl O +- O +p O +- O +nitrophenyl O +- O +beta O +- O +D O +- O +glucosaminides O +acylated O +at O +the O +amino B-Chemical +group O +of O +the O +aminosugar O +by O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +substituted O +benzoic O +acids O +and O +some O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +and O +peptides O +. O + +aps B-category +Immobilization O +and O +characterization O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stability O +of O +soluble O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +was O +dependent O +on O +the O +buffer O +in O +which O +it O +was O +stored O +( O +pyrophosphate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +greater O +than O +borate O +greater O +than O +Tris O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +immobilized O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +was O +less O +stable O +to O +heat O +( O +50 O +degrees O +C O +) O +than O +the O +soluble O +enzyme O +from O +pH O +6 O +to O +8 O +but O +was O +more O +stable O +above O +and O +below O +these O +values O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +new O +psychotropic O +drug O +phenazepam O +inhibits O +the O +impulse O +activity O +of O +the O +neurons O +which O +compose O +visceral O +ganglia O +of O +the O +garden O +snail O +( O +Helix O +aspersa O +) O +and O +suppresses O +stimulating O +postsynaptic O +potentials O +arising O +in O +application O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +to O +the O +membrane O +of O +isolated O +neurons O +. O + +aps B-category +Aspirin B-Chemical +profoundly O +inhibited O +the O +in O +vitro O +augmentation O +of O +human O +and O +mouse O +granulocyte O +adherence O +to O +nylon O +fiber O +induced O +by O +the O +bacterial O +products O +Escherichia O +coli O +endotoxin O +and O +Staphylococcus O +aureus O +culture O +filtrate O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +pretreatment O +of O +mice O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +salicylate I-Chemical +prior O +to O +intraperitoneal O +infection O +with O +Streptococcus O +pneumoniae O +impaired O +granulocyte O +exudation O +and O +resulted O +in O +uncontrolled O +bacteremia O +and O +greater O +lethality O +of O +infection O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pharmacological O +responses O +of O +the O +isolated O +vas O +deferens O +of O +the O +mouse O +were O +investigated O +after O +acute O +and O +chronic O +treatment O +with O +morphine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Low O +doses O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +depressed O +the O +responses O +to O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +vas O +deferens O +of O +mice O +chronically O +treated O +with O +morphine B-Chemical +showed O +increased O +sensitivity O +to O +exogenous O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +, O +but O +decreased O +sensitivity O +to O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Whatever O +the O +reason O +, O +patients O +taking O +drugs O +such O +as O +diazepam B-Chemical +should O +be O +warned O +that O +they O +are O +at O +special O +risk O +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +observations O +on O +the O +calcium B-Chemical +ion O +binding O +to O +the O +eggshell O +matrix O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +material O +with O +the O +free O +carboxylic O +side O +chain O +groups O +binds O +more O +calcium B-Chemical +ions O +with O +increasing O +pH O +value O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +residual O +capacity O +to O +bind O +calcium B-Chemical +ions O +in O +the O +material O +with O +the O +carboxylic O +functions O +modified O +is O +probably O +due O +to O +the O +sulfate O +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +had O +an O +unusual O +preference O +for O +NADPH B-Chemical +( O +Km O += O +38 O +micrometers O +) O +over O +NADH O +( O +Km O += O +89 O +micrometers O +) O +as O +electron O +donor O +, O +and O +a O +relatively O +high O +optimum O +pH O +of O +8 O +. O +3 O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +linked I-Chemical +reductase O +activities O +and O +hemoprotein O +content O +were O +lowest O +in O +cells O +grown O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +. O +Spectrophotometric O +analysis O +of O +the O +microsomal O +hemoproteins O +indicated O +the O +absence O +of O +cytochrome O +b5 O +and O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +b O +- O +type O +heme O +with O +a O +pyridine O +hemochrome O +alpha O +band O +absorption O +maximum O +at O +565 O +nm O +. O + +aps B-category +pH O +dependence O +of O +the O +oxidation O +of O +L O +- O +( O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +by O +compound O +I O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pKa O +values O +of O +the O +phenolic O +( O +pKa O += O +10 O +. O +10 O +) O +and O +amino B-Chemical +( O +pKa O += O +9 O +. O +21 O +) O +dissociations O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +and O +a O +single O +enzyme O +ionization O +( O +pKa O += O +5 O +. O +42 O +) O +were O +determined O +from O +nonlinear O +least O +squares O +analysis O +of O +the O +log O +rate O +versus O +pH O +profile O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +nitrogen B-Chemical +source O +available O +to O +Diplodia O +maydis O +in O +vivo O +is O +reported O +to O +affect O +the O +severity O +of O +stalk O +rot O +in O +maize O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +level O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +remained O +essentially O +constant O +on O +either O +nitrogen B-Chemical +salt B-Chemical +but O +nitrate B-Chemical +reductase O +was O +induced O +by O +growth O +on O +nitrate B-Chemical +salts O +and O +was O +not O +extractable O +on O +ammonium B-Chemical +salts O +. O + +aps B-category +Thr O +relationship O +of O +nitrogen B-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +Diplodia O +maydis O +to O +Zea O +mays O +L O +. O +stalk O +rot O +is O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +NADH O +- O +linked O +oxygen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tolerant I-Chemical +malate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +was O +purified O +270 O +- O +fold O +from O +cell O +extracts O +of O +Methanospirillum O +hungatii O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +malate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +of O +M O +. O +hungatii O +resembles O +those O +of O +many O +other O +bacteria O +and O +eucaryotic O +cells O +respect O +to O +molecular O +weight O +( O +61 O +, O +700 O +) O +and O +reaction O +mechanism O +, O +but O +may O +be O +regulated O +differently O +. O + +aps B-category +Atomic O +absorption O +and O +EPR O +spectroscopy O +indicated O +the O +presence O +of O +copper B-Chemical +, O +and O +SDS O +gel O +electrophoresis O +revealed O +a O +molecular O +weight O +of O +78 O +, O +000 O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +with O +diastolic O +pressure O +in O +excess O +of O +104 O +mm O +Hg O +should O +be O +treated O +with O +antihypertensive O +drugs O +; O +the O +first O +step O +should O +be O +the O +use O +of O +a O +thiazide B-Chemical +diuretic B-Chemical +in O +addition O +to O +general O +measures O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +with O +diastolic O +pressures O +of O +116 O +to O +129 O +mm O +Hg O +usually O +require O +initially O +both O +a O +thiazide B-Chemical +diuretic B-Chemical +and O +a O +beta O +- O +blocker O +, O +methyldopa B-Chemical +or O +clonidine B-Chemical +; O +if O +the O +therapeutic O +goal O +is O +not O +achieved O +, O +hydralazine B-Chemical +or O +prazosin B-Chemical +is O +added O +, O +and O +if O +a O +further O +hypotensive O +effect O +is O +required O +guanethidine B-Chemical +can O +be O +added O +. O + +aps B-category +Substrate O +- O +depletion O +, O +tachycardia O +, O +hyperthyroidism O +, O +and O +inotropic O +interventions O +( O +ouabain B-Chemical +, O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +, O +and O +beta O +- O +receptor O +antagonists O +at O +concentrations O +which O +increase O +inotropic O +state O +) O +enhanced O +the O +rate O +of O +development O +of O +this O +increase O +in O +resting O +tension O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +Dogs O +anaesthetized O +with O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +( O +30 O +mg O +. O + +aps B-category +or O +yohimbine B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +3 O +mg O +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +haloperidol B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +050 O +to O +2 O +mg O +. O + +aps B-category +Evaluation O +of O +the O +cytotoxicity O +of O +dihydroxytryptamines O +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +antagonists O +as O +cytotoxic O +agents O +in O +dimethylhydrazine O +- O +induced O +adenocarcinomata O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +the O +influence O +of O +methysergide B-Chemical +and O +cyproheptadine B-Chemical +on O +the O +tumour O +cell O +mitotic O +rate O +was O +estimated O +by O +means O +of O +a O +stathmokinetic O +technique O +. O + +aps B-category +BOL O +was O +not O +found O +to O +be O +cytotoxic O +to O +the O +colonic O +carcinomata O +, O +whereas O +both O +methysergide B-Chemical +and O +cyproheptadine B-Chemical +did O +cause O +detectable O +tumour O +cell O +necrosis O +. O + +aps B-category +BOL O +competitively O +inhibited O +the O +cytotoxicity O +of O +5 O +, O +6 O +- O +DHT O +and O +neither O +methysergide B-Chemical +nor O +cyproheptadine B-Chemical +potentiated O +the O +effect O +of O +5 O +, O +6 O +DHT O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +comparative O +instability O +of O +the O +substrate O +solutionof O +Rosalki O +and O +Tarlow O +is O +unlikely O +to O +lead B-Chemical +to O +erroneous O +results O +; O +however O +, O +the O +Scandinavian O +formulation O +offers O +the O +advantage O +of O +a O +more O +economical O +use O +of O +reagents O +, O +at O +the O +expense O +of O +a O +small O +and O +probably O +unimportant O +reduction O +in O +sensitivity O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +fresh O +look O +at O +magnesium B-Chemical +trisilicate O +. O + +aps B-category +Inadequate O +mixing O +of O +the O +alkali B-Chemical +with O +the O +stomach O +contents O +when O +it O +is O +given O +as O +an O +immediate O +pre O +- O +induction O +dose O +leads O +to O +a O +hazard O +of O +acid O +regurgitation O +when O +anaesthesia O +is O +induced O +in O +these O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Andursil O +was O +found O +to O +be O +more O +palatable O +by O +patients O +than O +was O +Magnesium B-Chemical +Trisilicate O +Co O +, O +but O +the O +incidence O +of O +nausea O +and O +vomiting O +was O +similar O +in O +the O +two O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +comparison O +of O +slow O +- O +release O +salbutamol B-Chemical +with O +slow O +- O +release O +aminophylline B-Chemical +in O +nocturnal O +asthma O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +output O +of O +the O +two O +enzymes O +were O +correlated O +with O +each O +other O +and O +with O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +output O +. O + +aps B-category +Intragastric O +titration O +, O +introduced O +in O +1973 O +, O +has O +become O +more O +popular O +than O +in O +the O +past O +and O +is O +being O +applied O +to O +the O +study O +of O +gastric O +secretion O +under O +a O +variety O +of O +conditions O +using O +NaHCO3 B-Chemical +and O +NaOH B-Chemical +as O +titrant O +. O + +aps B-category +Use O +of O +end O +point O +pHs O +above O +the O +pKa O +' O +of O +carbonic O +acid O +could O +lead B-Chemical +to O +large O +amounts O +of O +factitious O +acid O +secretion O +if O +the O +intralumental O +contents O +are O +in O +equilibrium O +with O +CO2 O +entering O +from O +the O +gastric O +wall O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +aspirin B-Chemical +and O +the O +heavy O +metal O +salts O +of O +related O +anions O +have O +effects O +on O +intestinal O +ion O +transport O +and O +on O +diarrheal O +states O +, O +we O +have O +studied O +the O +effect O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +( O +ASA O +) O +on O +the O +in O +vitro O +rabbit O +ileum O +in O +an O +attempt O +to O +understand O +its O +mechanism O +of O +action O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +Cl O +- O +free O +and O +HCO3 O +- O +free O +solutions O +, O +aspirin B-Chemical +reduced O +both O +Na O +absorption O +and O +the O +short O +- O +circuit O +current O +( O +Isc O +) O +, O +which O +suggests O +an O +effect O +on O +electrogenic O +Na O +transport O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +in O +Ringer O +solution O +, O +aspirin B-Chemical +in O +concentrations O +as O +little O +as O +1 O +mM O +in O +the O +serosal O +solution O +reduced O +the O +Isc O +as O +before O +but O +also O +stimulated O +Na O +and O +Cl O +absorption O +and O +reduced O +JRnet O +( O +? O + +aps B-category +Although O +these O +effects O +of O +ASA O +resemble O +those O +of O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +agents O +, O +ASA O +' O +s O +effect O +was O +not O +blocked O +by O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +blockers O +such O +as O +phentolamine B-Chemical +or O +phenoxybenzamine O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Telemetric O +monitoring O +of O +delivery O +when O +inducing O +labour O +by O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E2 I-Chemical +tablets O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +article O +reports O +on O +75 O +patients O +in O +whom O +labor O +was O +induced O +by O +means O +of O +oral O +administration O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E2 I-Chemical +( O +PGE2 B-Chemical +) O +tablets O +; O +35 O +patients O +were O +controls O +at O +bedside O +and O +40 O +patients O +were O +monitored O +telemetrically O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +The O +effect O +of O +nitrates B-Chemical +, O +beta O +blockaders O +and O +revascularization O +on O +myocardial O +circulation O +in O +patients O +with O +coronary O +heart O +disease O +( O +proceedings O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Impaired O +testosterone B-Chemical +biosynthesis O +in O +Leydig O +cells O +from O +streptozotocin B-Chemical +treated O +rats O +is O +correlated O +with O +the O +reduced O +activity O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +, O +6 O +- O +phosphogluconate O +dehydrogenase O +and O +isocitrate O +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +season O +and O +temperature O +on O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +, O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +and O +arginine O +kinase O +in O +the O +foot O +of O +Helix O +pomatia O +L O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +in O +phosphate B-Chemical +and O +Tris O +buffers O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +was O +the O +enzyme O +with O +the O +most O +acid O +maximum O +, O +arginine O +kinase O +that O +with O +the O +most O +alkaline O +, O +whilst O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +occupied O +an O +intermediate O +position O +. O + +aps B-category +Pyruvate O +kinase O +activity O +was O +slightly O +lower O +, O +and O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +activity O +significantly O +higher O +, O +in O +winter O +than O +in O +summer O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activities O +of O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +and O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +are O +strongly O +correlated O +in O +summer O +, O +forming O +a O +" O +constant O +- O +proportion O +- O +group O +" O +, O +whereas O +in O +winter O +, O +with O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +activity O +increasing O +and O +pyruvate B-Chemical +kinase O +activity O +decreasing O +these O +two O +enzymes O +become O +" O +uncoupled O +" O +. O + +aps B-category +Preparation O +of O +an O +active O +Fd O +fragment O +by O +cyanogen O +bromide B-Chemical +cleavage O +of O +an O +IgG O +heavy O +chain O +from O +a O +homogeneous O +rabbit O +antibody O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +single O +intraperitoneal O +injection O +of O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +methotrexate B-Chemical +( O +MTX O +) O +has O +been O +found O +to O +increase O +the O +immune O +reactivity O +of O +spleen O +cells O +from O +( O +C57B1 O +/ O +6 O +X O +DBA O +/ O +2 O +) O +F1 O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Incidence O +of O +tumors O +during O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +treatment O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Toxicologic O +studies O +on O +butyrophenone O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +and O +related O +substances O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Tolerance O +of O +bromperidol B-Chemical +in O +long O +term O +application O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Introductory O +words O +to O +the O +exchange O +of O +results O +on O +the O +clinical O +effects O +of O +bromperidol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Results O +of O +a O +double O +blind O +study O +with O +bromperidol B-Chemical +and O +perphenazine O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inner O +side O +of O +the O +red O +blood O +cell O +membrane O +is O +composed O +of O +phosphatidylserine B-Chemical +lipids O +but O +these O +are O +normally O +masked O +by O +membrane O +proteins O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +concentration O +of O +GSH O +in O +the O +X O +- O +rayed O +lens O +decreased O +throughout O +the O +experimental O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +corresponding O +decrease O +occurred O +in O +the O +activity O +of O +the O +HMS O +in O +X O +- O +rayed O +lenses O +as O +measured O +by O +culture O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +1 O +- O +14C O +- O +labeled O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +G O +- O +6 O +- O +PD O +was O +partially O +inactivated O +in O +the O +X O +- O +rayed O +lens O +. O + +aps B-category +Pre O +- O +incubation O +of O +sections O +in O +media O +containing O +formaldehyde O +and O +glycine B-Chemical +or O +with O +buffers O +of O +different O +pH O +, O +followed O +by O +incubation O +for O +myosin O +- O +ATPase O +, O +also O +differentiated O +the O +muscle O +fibres O +into O +a O +specific O +distribution O +pattern O +within O +the O +myotomes O +, O +resembling O +that O +of O +the O +oxidative O +enzymes O +to O +some O +extent O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +PAP O +unlabelled O +antibody O +enzyme O +method O +of O +Sternberger O +was O +used O +for O +the O +histochemical O +demonstration O +of O +LHRH O +and O +the O +catecholamine B-Chemical +synthesizing O +enzyme O +, O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +( O +TH O +) O +in O +the O +hypothalamus O +of O +the O +adult O +male O +and O +pregnant O +female O +rat O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Deoxyribonucleic O +acid O +( O +DNA O +) O +in O +lysates O +of O +both O +completent O +and O +noncompetent O +streptococcus O +pneumoniae O +cells O +was O +characterized O +by O +chromatography O +on O +benzoylated O +, O +naphthoylated O +diethylaminoethyl O +- O +cellulose O +columns O +, O +by O +sensitivity O +to O +Aspergillus O +oryzae O +S1 O +endonuclease O +, O +and O +by O +sucrose B-Chemical +gradient O +analysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Lysates O +made O +at O +various O +times O +after O +[ O +14C O +] O +thymidine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +labeled I-Chemical +cells O +had O +bound O +[ O +3H O +] O +thymidine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +labeled I-Chemical +transforming O +DNA O +were O +also O +characterized O +by O +benzoylated O +, O +naphthoylated O +diethylaminoethyl O +- O +cellulose O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +Relation O +between O +the O +adenylylation O +state O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +and O +the O +expression O +of O +other O +genes O +involved O +in O +nitrogen B-Chemical +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +this O +assay O +procedure O +, O +we O +examined O +the O +relationship O +between O +the O +adenylylation O +state O +and O +the O +expression O +of O +other O +genes O +involved O +in O +nitrogen B-Chemical +assimilation O +. O + +aps B-category +NgoII O +is O +an O +isoschizomer O +of O +HaeIII O +, O +a O +restriction O +endonuclease O +of O +Haemophilus O +aegyptius O +, O +and O +was O +found O +to O +recognize O +the O +deoxyribonucleic O +acid O +nucleotide B-Chemical +base O +sequence O +GGCC O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +wild O +- O +type O +cells O +, O +glutamine B-Chemical +auxotrophs O +of O +the O +photosynthetic O +bacterium O +Rhodopseudomonas O +capsulata O +synthesize O +nitrogenase O +, O +produce O +H2 O +( O +catalyzed O +by O +nitrogenase O +) O +, O +and O +continue O +to O +reduce O +dinitrogen O +to O +ammonia B-Chemical +in O +the O +presence O +of O +exogenous O +NH4 O ++ O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +appears O +that O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +plays O +a O +significant O +role O +in O +regulation O +of O +nitrogenase O +synthesis O +in O +R O +. O +capsulata O +. O + +aps B-category +Affinity O +chromatography O +on O +blue O +dextran B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Sepharose I-Chemical +with O +batchwise O +elution O +with O +1 O +mM O +nicotinamide B-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +dinucleotide I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +affected O +a O +further O +10 O +- O +fold O +purification O +. O + +aps B-category +Regulation O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenases O +in O +nit O +- O +2 O +and O +am O +mutants O +of O +Neurospora O +crassa O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +wild O +- O +type O +strain O +, O +a O +high O +nutrient O +carbon B-Chemical +concentration O +increased O +the O +activity O +of O +reduced O +nicotinamide B-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +dinucleotide I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +( O +NADPH B-Chemical +) O +- B-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +and O +decreased O +the O +activity O +of O +reduced O +nicotinamide O +adenine O +dinucleotide O +( O +NADH O +) O +- B-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +nit O +- O +2 O +mutants O +, O +defective O +in O +many O +nitrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +utilizing I-Chemical +enzymes O +and O +transport O +systems O +, O +exhibited O +low O +enzyme O +activities O +after O +growth O +on O +a O +high O +sucrose B-Chemical +concentration O +: O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +activity O +was O +reduced O +4 O +- O +fold O +on O +NH O +( O +4 O +) O +Cl O +medium O +, O +and O +NADH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +, O +20 O +- O +fold O +on O +urea B-Chemical +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +am O +mutants O +, O +which O +lack O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +activity O +, O +possessed O +basal O +levels O +of O +NADH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +activity O +after O +growth O +on O +urea B-Chemical +or O +l O +- O +aspartic O +acid O +media O +, O +like O +the O +wild O +- O +type O +strain O +, O +and O +possessed O +moderate O +levels O +( O +although O +three O +- O +to O +fourfold O +lower O +than O +the O +wild O +- O +type O +strain O +) O +on O +l O +- O +asparagine O +medium O +or O +l O +- O +aspartic O +acid O +medium O +containing O +NH O +( O +4 O +) O +Cl O +. O + +aps B-category +Double O +mutants O +of O +nit O +- O +2 O +and O +am O +had O +lower O +NADH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +activities O +than O +either O +parent O +. O + +aps B-category +Parallel O +measurements O +of O +the O +rate O +and O +extent O +of O +proton O +efflux O +into O +the O +external O +medium O +( O +half O +- O +time O +, O +about O +10 O +s O +; O +ratio O +of O +H O +( O ++ O +) O +to O +O O +, O +about O +0 O +. O +5 O +) O +and O +the O +oxidation O +of O +E O +. O +coli O +cytochrome O +b O +( O +half O +- O +time O +, O +& O +lt O +; O +/ O += O +1 O +s O +; O +about O +6 O +% O +oxidized O +) O +after O +a O +pulse O +of O +5 O +. O +5 O +ng O +- O +atoms O +of O +O O +indicate O +that O +the O +rate O +of O +proton O +efflux O +is O +at O +least O +10 O +times O +slower O +than O +expected O +from O +the O +time O +required O +for O +the O +cells O +to O +reduce O +the O +oxygen B-Chemical +added O +in O +the O +pulse O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +extent O +of O +the O +initial O +rapid O +decrease O +was O +linearly O +dependent O +upon O +the O +amount O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +added O +in O +the O +pulse O +( O +0 O +to O +11 O +ng O +- O +atoms O +of O +O O +per O +pulse O +) O +, O +whereas O +the O +rate O +of O +the O +subsequent O +relaxation O +was O +accelerated O +by O +the O +uncoupler O +p O +- O +trifluoromethoxycarbonylcyanidephenylhydrazone O +and O +the O +K O +( O ++ O +) O +ionophore O +colicin O +E1 O +. O + +aps B-category +Nitrogen O +control O +in O +Salmonella O +typhimurium O +is O +not O +limited O +to O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +but O +affects O +, O +in O +addition O +, O +transport O +systems O +for O +histidine O +, O +glutamine B-Chemical +, O +lysine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ornithine I-Chemical +, O +and O +glutamate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +N O +- O +regulatory O +mutations O +are O +closely O +linked O +on O +the O +chromosome O +to O +the O +structural O +gene O +for O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +, O +glnA O +: O +we O +discuss O +the O +possibility O +that O +they O +lie O +in O +a O +regulatory O +gene O +, O +glnR O +, O +which O +is O +distinct O +from O +glnA O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +structural O +gene O +for O +the O +periplasmic O +glutamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +protein O +, O +glnH O +, O +was O +identified O +, O +as O +was O +a O +gene O +argT O +that O +probably O +encodes O +the O +structure O +of O +the O +lysine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ornithine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purified O +receptor O +was O +identified O +as O +a O +protein O +which O +consisted O +of O +a O +single O +polypeptide O +chain O +with O +an O +apparent O +molecular O +weight O +of O +90 O +, O +000 O +and O +a O +preponderance O +of O +acidic O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +( O +pI O += O +5 O +. O +0 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduction O +of O +acetoacetyl O +- O +CoA O +to O +beta O +- O +hydroxybutyryl O +- O +CoA O +was O +faster O +with O +NADH O +than O +with O +NADPH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Butyryl O +- O +CoA O +was O +converted O +to O +butyrate O +by O +phosphate B-Chemical +butyryl O +transferase O +and O +butyrate O +kinase O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +similar O +growth O +rate O +- O +dependent O +change O +in O +localization O +was O +found O +for O +sucrose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +plasmolysis O +vacuoles O +. O + +aps B-category +Extracts O +from O +rat O +liver O +contain O +a O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +endoprotease O +which O +degrades O +[ O +methyl O +- O +14C O +] O +globin O +or O +125I O +- O +hemoglobin O +to O +acid O +- O +soluble O +peptides O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +nucleotide B-Chemical +triphosphates O +and O +ADP O +also O +increased O +proteolysis O +but O +less O +effectively O +than O +ATP O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +functional O +arginine O +residue O +in O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +aldehyde B-Chemical +reductase O +from O +pig O +kidney O +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +D O +- O +glyceraldehyde O +nor O +pyridine O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aldehyde I-Chemical +, O +both O +substrates O +for O +this O +broadly O +specific O +enzyme O +, O +protected O +the O +enzyme O +from O +inactivation O +but O +1 O +mM O +NADPH B-Chemical +or O +NADP O +completely O +prevented O +the O +loss O +of O +activity O +by O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +butanedione O +suggesting O +the O +involvement O +of O +arginine O +in O +the O +binding O +of O +cofactor O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +NMN O +and O +ADP O +- O +ribose O +phosphate B-Chemical +are O +competitive O +inhibitors O +of O +aldehyde B-Chemical +reductase O +with O +respect O +to O +NADPH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +was O +confirmed O +by O +fluorescence O +spectra O +which O +showed O +that O +chemically O +modified O +aldehyde B-Chemical +reductase O +caused O +the O +same O +blue O +shift O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +fluorescence O +as O +did O +native O +aldehyde B-Chemical +reductase O +. O + +aps B-category +Immunological O +studies O +on O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deoxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arabino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +heptulosonate I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +7 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +synthase O +isoenzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +antibody O +complexes O +maintained O +full O +enzyme O +activity O +and O +were O +inhibited O +by O +phenylalanine O +, O +indicating O +that O +neither O +the O +active O +site O +nor O +the O +feedback O +- O +inhibitor O +binding O +site O +is O +mechanistically O +connected O +to O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +sequences O +which O +are O +antigenic O +determinants O +. O + +aps B-category +Biotransformation O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +to O +cholestane O +- O +3beta O +, O +5alpha O +, O +6beta O +- O +triol O +via O +cholesterol B-Chemical +alpha O +- O +epoxide O +( O +5alpha O +, O +6alpha O +- O +epoxycholestan O +- O +3beta O +- O +ol O +) O +in O +bovine O +adrenal O +cortex O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +new O +turbidimetric O +method O +for O +the O +direct O +measurement O +of O +the O +solubility O +of O +oxy O +- O +and O +deoxyhemoglobins O +( O +Hb O +) O +in O +concentrated O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +has O +been O +established O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +dependency O +of O +the O +solubility O +of O +deoxy O +- O +Hb O +S O +in O +high O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +was O +opposite O +to O +that O +of O +the O +minimum O +gelling O +concentration O +of O +deoxy O +- O +Hb O +S O +. O +The O +order O +of O +the O +solubility O +of O +Hb O +CHarlem O +, O +Hb O +FS O +, O +Hb O +AS O +, O +Hb O +CS O +, O +and O +Hb O +S O +in O +concentrated O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +corresponds O +to O +the O +order O +of O +minimum O +gelling O +concentration O +of O +these O +hemoglobins O +or O +hemoglobin O +mixtures O +. O + +aps B-category +Stereochemistry O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +binding O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Highly O +purified O +preparations O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +oxidase O +from O +Schizophyllum O +commune O +contain O +a O +covalently O +bound O +flavin O +component O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +suggests O +that O +histidine O +is O +the O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +substituted O +at O +the O +8 O +alpha O +position O +of O +the O +flavin O +and O +that O +N O +( O +1 O +) O +of O +the O +imidazole O +ring O +is O +the O +site O +of O +attachment O +. O + +aps B-category +Simultaneous O +analysis O +of O +NAD O +- O +and O +NADP O +- O +linked O +activities O +of O +dual O +nucleotide B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +specific I-Chemical +dehydrogenases O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Potassium B-Chemical +and O +calcium B-Chemical +levels O +were O +kept O +in O +the O +high O +normal O +range O +as O +a O +result O +of O +exogenous O +administration O +of O +these O +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +More O +vigorous O +magnesium B-Chemical +replacement O +during O +bypass O +surgery O +may O +be O +required O +if O +hypomagnesemia O +is O +to O +be O +avoided O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +chemiluminescence O +of O +particulate O +fractions O +from O +stimulated O +neutrophils O +was O +linear O +with O +increasing O +protein O +concentration O +, O +had O +a O +pH O +optimum O +of O +7 O +. O +0 O +, O +and O +was O +higher O +with O +NADPH B-Chemical +as O +substrate O +than O +with O +NADH O +. O + +aps B-category +Results O +suggest O +that O +the O +energy O +responsible O +for O +the O +luminescence O +of O +particulate O +fractions O +and O +, O +presumably O +, O +the O +intact O +cell O +, O +is O +derived O +from O +more O +than O +one O +oxygen B-Chemical +species O +and O +that O +luminescence O +is O +a O +product O +of O +the O +interaction O +of O +these O +species O +and O +excitable O +substrates O +within O +the O +cell O +. O + +aps B-category +Mitochondria O +from O +rabbit O +and O +dog O +renal O +cortex O +were O +incubated O +with O +1 O +mM O +( O +14 O +) O +C O +- O +weak O +acid O +anions O +in O +media O +containing O +low O +( O +10 O +mM O +) O +or O +high O +( O +40 O +mM O +) O +concentrations O +of O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +and O +the O +steady O +- O +state O +accumulation O +of O +labeled O +anion O +in O +the O +matrix O +was O +measured O +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +of O +an O +energy O +source O +, O +usually O +ascorbate O +plus O +tetramethyl O +- O +p O +- O +phenylenediamine O +, O +led O +to O +increases O +in O +matrix O +space O +anion O +levels O +and O +to O +accentuation O +of O +the O +difference O +in O +anion O +uptake O +between O +low O +- O +and O +high B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bicarbonate I-Chemical +media O +, O +so O +that O +two O +to O +four O +times O +as O +much O +anion O +was O +present O +at O +low O +- O +than O +at O +high B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bicarbonate I-Chemical +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +difference O +in O +mitochondrial O +anion O +accumulation O +between O +low O +- O +and O +high B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bicarbonate I-Chemical +levels O +diminished O +with O +decreasing O +temperature O +or O +with O +increasing O +anion O +concentration O +in O +the O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +an O +abrupt O +fall O +in O +systemic O +pH O +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +is O +associated O +with O +a O +shift O +in O +substrate O +in O +renal O +cortex O +out O +of O +the O +cytoplasm O +and O +into O +mitochondria O +, O +where O +some O +of O +the O +added O +substrate O +is O +metabolized O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +widespread O +use O +of O +stainless O +steel O +for O +sample O +probes O +, O +connectors O +, O +and O +sample O +stream O +splitters O +in O +autoanalyser O +systems O +can O +lead B-Chemical +to O +significant O +differences O +in O +the O +amount O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +available O +for O +analysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +an O +alkaline O +sample O +will O +have O +an O +apparently O +reduced O +calcium B-Chemical +content O +, O +while O +a O +more O +acidic O +sample O +may O +have O +an O +apparently O +increased O +concentration O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +No O +demonstrable O +difference O +was O +found O +in O +the O +time O +- O +course O +of O +the O +gastro O +- O +oesophageal O +sphincter O +pressure O +after O +ingestion O +of O +cimetidine B-Chemical +or O +placebo O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +a O +significant O +direct O +correlation O +between O +corresponding O +measurements O +of O +intragastric O +pH O +and O +serum O +gastrin O +( O +p O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +, O +between O +intragastric O +pH O +and O +serum O +cimetidine B-Chemical +( O +p O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +, O +and O +between O +serum O +gastrin O +and O +serum O +cimetidine B-Chemical +( O +p O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +ability O +to O +hydrolyze O +14C O +- O +phosphatidylethanolamine O +in O +biosynthetically O +radiolabeled O +Escherichia O +coli O +was O +largely O +retained O +. O + +aps B-category +Single O +islet O +cells O +in O +monolayer O +cultures O +of O +neonatal O +rat O +pancreas O +were O +microinjected O +with O +fluorescein B-Chemical +and O +scanned O +topographically O +by O +microfluorometry O +. O + +aps B-category +Islet O +cells O +were O +also O +microinjected O +with O +glycolytic O +substrates O +and O +activators O +that O +produced O +transient O +changes O +in O +cellular O +levels O +of O +reduced O +pyridine O +nucleotides O +- O +nicotinamide O +adenine O +dinucleotide O +and O +nicotinamide B-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +dinucleotide I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +[ O +NAD O +( O +P O +) O +H O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +after O +adding O +16 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +respiratory O +stimulatory O +effect O +of O +3 O +' O +chloro O +- O +2 O +' O +- O +( O +N O +- O +methyl O +- O +N O +- O +[ O +( O +morpholino O +- O +carbonyl O +) O +methyl O +] O +- O +aminomethyl O +) O +benzanilide O +hydrochloride O +( O +fominoben O +, O +Noleptan O +, O +PB O +89 O +) O +on O +the O +respiratory O +- O +depressing O +effect O +of O +pethidine B-Chemical +/ O +promethazine B-Chemical +was O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +was O +to O +be O +expected O +the O +combination O +pethidine B-Chemical +/ O +promethazine B-Chemical +caused O +a O +deterioration O +in O +all O +parameters O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +the O +actions O +of O +diazepam B-Chemical +and O +lorazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +As O +a O +sedative O +, O +diazepam B-Chemical +10 O +mg O +is O +equivalent O +to O +lorazepam B-Chemical +2 O +- O +2 O +. O +5 O +mg O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Kinetics O +and O +mechanism O +of O +the O +reduction O +of O +horse O +heart O +ferricytochrome O +c O +by O +glutathione B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +rapid O +combination O +of O +the O +reducing O +agent O +with O +the O +cytochrome O +leads O +to O +the O +formation O +of O +a O +glutathione B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +intermediate O +in O +which O +the O +glutathione B-Chemical +most O +likely O +interacts O +with O +the O +edge O +of O +the O +heme O +moiety O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reaction O +is O +catalyzed O +by O +trisulfides O +, O +and O +second O +- O +order O +rate O +constants O +of O +4 O +. O +55 O +X O +10 O +( O +3 O +) O +and O +7 O +. O +14 O +X O +10 O +( O +3 O +) O +M O +- O +1 O +S O +- O +1 O +were O +obtained O +for O +methyl O +trisulfide O +and O +cysteine B-Chemical +trisulfide O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +isoelectric O +points O +of O +unbroken O +chloroplast O +lamellae O +and O +various O +subchloroplast O +fractions O +, O +including O +a O +preparation O +of O +inside O +- O +out O +thylakoids O +, O +have O +been O +determined O +using O +aqueous O +two O +- O +phase O +systems O +containing O +dextran B-Chemical +and O +charged O +polyethylene B-Chemical +glycol I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +For O +thylakoid O +membranes O +destacked O +under O +low O +salt B-Chemical +conditions O +the O +cross O +- O +point O +was O +0 O +. O +3 O +pH O +unit O +lower O +than O +for O +membranes O +originating O +exclusively O +from O +the O +stroma O +lamellae O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +in O +vitro O +regulation O +of O +the O +mitochondrial O +conversion O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +to O +pregnenolone O +in O +rat O +testis O +tissue O +has O +been O +further O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stimulation O +was O +always O +highest O +in O +mitochondria O +isolated O +from O +lutropin O +- O +treated O +testes O +relative O +to O +control O +and O +cycloheximide B-Chemical +treated O +testes O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +both O +cholesterol B-Chemical +and O +20 O +- O +or O +25 O +- O +hydroxycholesterol O +were O +present O +in O +the O +incubation O +medium O +, O +pregnenolone O +production O +rates O +were O +mainly O +influenced O +by O +the O +hydroxycholesterol O +, O +even O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +ten O +- O +fold O +excess O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mechanism O +of O +induction O +of O +potassium B-Chemical +permeability O +for O +mitochondrial O +membranes O +under O +special O +conditions O +was O +under O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +it O +was O +shown O +that O +plastocyanin O +of O +corn O +, O +in O +comparison O +with O +the O +pea O +protein O +, O +possesses O +greater O +thermal O +stability O +, O +is O +more O +resistant O +to O +the O +action O +of O +high O +and O +low O +H O ++ O +ion O +concentrations O +, O +as O +well O +as O +to O +the O +action O +of O +concentrated O +solutions O +of O +urea B-Chemical +and O +guanidine O +nitrate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +O2 O +- O +- O +production O +by O +neutrophils O +activated O +with O +opsonized O +zymosan O +fell O +slowly O +as O +the O +oxygen B-Chemical +concentration O +declined O +to O +1 O +% O +, O +then O +dropped O +more O +sharply O +, O +reaching O +negligible O +levels O +at O +oxygen B-Chemical +concentrations O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +25 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +O2 O +- O +production O +by O +the O +cell O +- O +free O +O2 O +- O +- O +forming O +system O +prepared O +from O +zymosan O +- O +activated O +neutrophils O +showed O +a O +similar O +dependence O +on O +oxygen B-Chemical +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +phosphorus B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +31 I-Chemical +nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +investigation O +of O +intracellular O +environment O +in O +human O +normal O +and O +sickle O +cell O +blood O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +31P O +chemical O +shifts O +of O +phosphorylated O +compounds O +, O +such O +as O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +diphosphoglycerate O +, O +adenosine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +triphosp O +- O +ate O +, O +and O +inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +depend O +on O +pH O +, O +and O +by O +using O +an O +appropriate O +calibration O +curve O +, O +the O +intracellular O +pH O +of O +intact O +erythrocytes O +can O +be O +obtained O +. O + +aps B-category +Purified O +Hb O +Crete O +was O +heat O +- O +unstable O +and O +exhibited O +a O +high O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +, O +and O +a O +normal O +Bohr O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +atropine B-Chemical +on O +the O +electrical O +- O +field O +stimulation O +- O +evoked O +overflow O +of O +tritium O +from O +isolated O +rabbit O +pulmonary O +arteries O +preincubated O +with O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +noradrenaline I-Chemical +was O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Clonidine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +to O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +and O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +M O +) O +diminished O +the O +stimulation O +- O +evoked O +overflow O +of O +tritium O +. O + +aps B-category +Clonidine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +prevented O +the O +enhancement O +of O +tritium O +overflow O +evoked O +by O +atropine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Enhancement O +of O +the O +overflow O +by O +phentolamine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +and O +3 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +was O +not O +altered O +by O +atropine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +atropine B-Chemical +in O +a O +low O +concentration O +blocks O +presynaptic O +inhibitory O +muscarinic O +receptors O +; O +at O +higher O +concentrations O +it O +blocks O +in O +addition O +presynaptic O +alpha O +- O +adrenoceptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Rate O +of O +demethylation O +of O +methylmercuric O +chloride B-Chemical +by O +Enterobacter O +aerogenes O +and O +Serratia O +marcescens O +. O + +aps B-category +Thirty O +- O +one O +patients O +studied O +before O +and O +after O +treatment O +with O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +showed O +no O +significant O +change O +in O +platelet O +MAO O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +utilized O +such O +kainic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +lesions O +to O +evaluate O +the O +disposition O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +transmitter O +candidates O +in O +different O +neuronal O +populations O +of O +the O +cerebellum O +. O + +aps B-category +Synaptosomal O +accumulation O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +glutamate B-Chemical +and O +[ O +3H O +] O +- B-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +is O +reduced O +25 O +- O +30 O +% O +following O +such O +lesions O +while O +no O +decline O +in O +uptake O +of O +numerous O +other O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +is O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +are O +consistent O +with O +the O +possibility O +that O +glutamate B-Chemical +is O +the O +transmitter O +of O +granule O +cells O +and O +that O +GABA B-Chemical +is O +the O +transmitter O +of O +the O +other O +cell O +types O +in O +the O +cerebellum O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +3H O +] O +Spiperone O +binding O +sites O +and O +the O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +adenylate O +cyclase O +were O +measured O +in O +rat O +substantia O +nigra O +( O +s O +. O +nigra O +) O +7 O +or O +14 O +days O +after O +various O +lesions O +. O + +aps B-category +6 O +- O +Hydroxydopamine O +injection O +into O +the O +s O +. O +nigra O +, O +which O +depleted O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +within O +the O +s O +. O +nigra O +by O +85 O +% O +, O +while O +leaving O +phosphodiesterase O +unaffected O +, O +resulted O +in O +a O +40 O +% O +decrease O +in O +[ O +3H O +] O +spiperone B-Chemical +binding O +but O +no O +change O +in O +the O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +adenylate O +cyclase O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +within O +the O +s O +. O +nigra O +the O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptor O +binding O +sites O +as O +defined O +using O +[ O +3H O +] O +spiperone B-Chemical +are O +located O +on O +dopamine B-Chemical +neurones O +while O +the O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +adenylate O +cyclase O +is O +located O +presynaptically O +on O +striatonigral O +nerve O +terminals O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +phenomenon O +of O +neurotransmitter O +- O +stimulated O +incorporation O +of O +32Pi O +into O +phosphatidic O +acid O +and O +inositol B-Chemical +phosphatides O +( O +neurotransmitter O +effect O +) O +in O +developing O +brain O +was O +studied O +in O +vitro O +as O +a O +possible O +measure O +of O +synaptogenesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Experiments O +with O +developing O +rat O +brain O +at O +7 O +, O +14 O +and O +21 O +days O +of O +age O +showed O +that O +the O +neurotransmitter O +effects O +due O +to O +ACh O +, O +NE O +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +increase O +progressively O +in O +different O +regions O +of O +the O +brain O +but O +that O +there O +are O +marked O +regional O +differences O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +cerebellum O +the O +effects O +due O +to O +ACh O +and O +NE O +were O +significantly O +altered O +, O +while O +that O +with O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +was O +unaffected O +. O + +aps B-category +Transection O +of O +the O +pathway O +acutely O +elevates O +striatal O +dopamine B-Chemical +in O +adult O +and O +8 O +- O +and O +10 O +- O +day O +- O +old O +rats O +, O +but O +not O +in O +the O +4 O +- O +or O +6 O +- O +day O +- O +old O +animal O +. O + +aps B-category +Therefore O +, O +this O +response O +to O +axotomy O +acts O +as O +an O +indicator O +of O +( O +1 O +) O +the O +presence O +of O +impulse O +traffic O +in O +the O +pathway O +, O +and O +( O +2 O +) O +the O +ability O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +to O +be O +activated O +in O +response O +to O +a O +reduction O +in O +such O +impulse O +traffic O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +conclusion O +is O +supported O +by O +the O +finding O +that O +the O +AMT O +- O +induced O +depletion O +of O +striatal O +dopamine B-Chemical +is O +not O +related O +to O +impulse O +conduction O +at O +4 O +days O +since O +transection O +of O +the O +pathway O +has O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +rate O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +loss O +whereas O +such O +transection O +blocks O +the O +AMT O +- O +induced O +depletion O +at O +10 O +days O +of O +age O +. O + +aps B-category +Study O +on O +the O +influence O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +deprotonation O +on O +the O +myotropic O +action O +of O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Sar1 O +, O +Tyr4 O +] O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +and O +[ O +Sar1 O +, O +( O +4 O +' O +- B-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +) O +Phe4 O +] O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +( O +as O +a O +reference O +which O +cannot O +undergo O +the O +same O +ionization O +) O +were O +tested O +over O +a O +pH O +range O +from O +6 O +. O +8 O +to O +9 O +. O +0 O +and O +their O +activities O +compared O +. O + +aps B-category +Erythrocyte O +ghost O +- O +- O +buffer O +partition O +coefficients O +of O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +, O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +, O +and O +thiopental B-Chemical +support O +the O +pH O +- O +partition O +hypothesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Methylmalonic O +acidemia O +: O +6 O +years O +' O +clinical O +experience O +with O +two O +variants O +unresponsive O +to O +vitamin B-Chemical +B12 I-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Renal O +function O +returned O +to O +normal O +, O +as O +indicated O +by O +a O +marked O +increase O +in O +the O +renal O +clearance O +of O +creatinine B-Chemical +and O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O +Patient O +1 O +is O +physically O +and O +mentally O +retarded O +, O +and O +has O +moderate O +hypotonia O +, O +hepatomegaly O +and O +persistent O +vomiting O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzymes O +studied O +were O +gamma O +glutamyltransferase O +( O +gammaGT O +) O +, O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +( O +AP O +) O +, O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +( O +LDH O +) O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +nucleotidase O +( O +5 O +' O +- O +NT O +) O +, O +glutathione B-Chemical +reductase O +( O +GR O +) O +, O +alanine B-Chemical +and O +aspartate B-Chemical +transaminases O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +Hepatoma O +Tissue O +Culture O +( O +HTC O +) O +cells O +induction O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +( O +TAT O +) O +by O +dibutyryl O +cAMP B-Chemical +( O +DBcAMP O +) O +is O +regulated O +at O +some O +posttranscriptional O +step O +. O + +aps B-category +Relationship O +between O +renal O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E I-Chemical +and O +renal O +sodium B-Chemical +handling O +during O +water O +immersion O +in O +normal O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +chronic O +administration O +of O +high O +doses O +of O +guanethidine B-Chemical +to O +rats O +produces O +complete O +destruction O +of O +the O +peripheral O +sympathetic O +nervous O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +strains O +of O +rats O +( O +Sprague O +- O +Dawley O +, O +American O +Wistar O +, O +Kyoto O +Wistar O +) O +were O +uniformly O +sensitive O +to O +guanethidine B-Chemical +sympathectomy O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +assay O +is O +based O +on O +the O +reduction O +of O +ferric O +chloride B-Chemical +by O +ascorbic O +acid O +with O +the O +resulting O +ferrous O +ion O +quantitated O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +2 O +, O +4 O +, O +6 O +- O +tripyridyl O +- O +s O +- O +triazine O +to O +form O +a O +purple O +colour O +with O +a O +maximum O +absorbance O +at O +595 O +nm O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +fluorimetric O +assay O +for O +angiotensin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +I I-Chemical +converting O +enzyme O +in O +human O +serum O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +value O +of O +serum O +angiotensin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +I I-Chemical +converting O +enzyme O +for O +16 O +normal O +adult O +persons O +was O +2 O +. O +56 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +10 O +( O +S O +. O +E O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +suggest O +that O +both O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +may O +be O +involved O +in O +the O +regulation O +of O +the O +pituitary O +- O +testicular O +function O +, O +and O +the O +ratio O +of O +the O +two O +transmitters O +might O +be O +more O +important O +that O +their O +actual O +levels O +in O +definite O +brain O +areas O +. O + +aps B-category +Propranolol B-Chemical +, O +a O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +antagonist O +, O +when O +administered O +at O +a O +dosage O +of O +20 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +of O +body O +weight O +, O +enhanced O +both O +passive O +hemagglutinating O +and O +IgE O +( O +passive O +cutaneous O +anaphylaxis O +) O +antibody O +formation O +. O + +aps B-category +Thymus O +, O +spleen O +and O +liver O +nuclei O +released O +a O +large O +fraction O +of O +soluble O +chromatin O +in O +vitro O +when O +incubation O +was O +carried O +out O +in O +sucrose B-Chemical +media O +containing O +low O +concentrations O +of O +CaCl2 B-Chemical +and O +/ O +or O +MgCl2 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibition O +of O +the O +formation O +of O +struvite O +crystals O +on O +latex O +catheters O +by O +silver B-Chemical +ion O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +benefits O +and O +risks O +of O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptives I-Chemical +, O +IUD O +and O +abortion O +are O +appraised O +at O +an O +international O +symposium O +in O +Montreal O +. O + +aps B-category +Notwithstanding O +the O +positive O +aspects O +of O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptives I-Chemical +there O +are O +acknowledged O +risks O +such O +as O +increased O +blood O +pressure O +associated O +with O +the O +pill O +for O +women O +over O +age O +30 O +who O +smoke O +and O +consequently O +patients O +should O +be O +advised O +not O +to O +smoke O +, O +to O +maintain O +average O +level O +weight O +and O +regularly O +check O +blood O +pressure O +readings O +. O + +aps B-category +Urinary O +incontinence O +in O +patients O +receiving O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +pepsinogens O +, O +the O +contents O +of O +which O +increase O +with O +developmental O +progress O +, O +were O +purified O +from O +the O +gastric O +mucosa O +of O +the O +adult O +rat O +by O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +fractionation O +and O +chromatography O +on O +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +and O +DEAE O +- O +Sepharose O +CL O +- O +6B O +columns O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activities O +of O +the O +enzymes O +in O +hydrolyzing O +N O +- O +acetyl O +- O +L O +- O +phenylalanyl O +- O +3 O +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +diiodo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +( O +APDT O +) O +were O +about O +1 O +/ O +8 O +of O +that O +of O +porcine O +pepsin O +. O + +aps B-category +Cholesterol B-Chemical +oxidase O +[ O +EC O +1 O +. O +1 O +. O +3 O +. O +6 O +] O +from O +Schizophyllum O +commune O +was O +purified O +by O +an O +affinity O +chromatography O +using O +3 O +- O +O O +- O +succinylcholesterol O +- O +ethylenediamine O +( O +3 O +- O +cholesteryl O +- O +3 O +- O +[ O +2 O +- O +aminoethylamido O +] O +propionate O +) O +Sepharose O +gels O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +contained O +483 O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +as O +calculated O +on O +the O +basis O +of O +the O +molecular O +weight O +of O +53 O +, O +000 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Km O +for O +cholesterol B-Chemical +was O +0 O +. O +33 O +mM O +and O +the O +optimal O +pH O +was O +5 O +. O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mobilities O +of O +the O +aminoacyl O +flavin O +after O +hydrolysis O +of O +the O +flavin O +peptides O +on O +thin O +layer O +chromatography O +and O +high O +voltage O +electrophoresis O +differed O +from O +those O +of O +free O +FAD O +, O +FMN O +, O +and O +riboflavin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +indicate O +strongly O +that O +cholesterol B-Chemical +oxidase O +from O +Schizophyllum O +commune O +contains O +FAD O +as O +the O +prothetic O +group O +, O +which O +is O +covalently O +linked O +to O +the O +enzyme O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +sedimentation O +coefficient O +( O +S O +( O +0 O +) O +20 O +, O +W O +) O +was O +13 O +. O +8S O +, O +and O +the O +molecular O +activity O +was O +44 O +, O +700 O +min O +- O +1 O +at O +30 O +degrees O +C O +. O +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +of O +the O +enzyme O +was O +determined O +, O +and O +the O +results O +were O +compared O +with O +those O +of O +NAD O +- O +linked O +malic O +enzyme O +from O +the O +same O +organism O +and O +those O +of O +pigeon O +liver O +NADP O +- O +linked O +malic O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +saturation O +profile O +for O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +malate I-Chemical +exhibited O +a O +marked O +cooperativity O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +both O +chloride B-Chemical +ions O +and O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +to O +the O +oxidative O +decarboxylase O +activity O +, O +the O +enzyme O +preparation O +exhibited O +divalent O +metal O +ion O +- O +dependent O +oxaloacetate B-Chemical +decarboxylase O +and O +alpha O +- O +keto O +acid O +reductase O +activities O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +also O +degraded O +bovine O +serum O +albumin O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +urea B-Chemical +; O +however O +, O +several O +other O +proteins O +and O +model O +proteinase O +substrates O +were O +not O +cleaved O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purified O +light O +subunit O +, O +but O +not O +the O +heavy O +subunit O +, O +exhibits O +proteinase O +activity O +even O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +urea B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +metabolic O +fate O +of O +13N O +- O +labeled O +ammonia B-Chemical +in O +rat O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +infusion O +of O +physiological O +concentrations O +of O +[ O +13N O +] O +ammonia B-Chemical +for O +10 O +min O +via O +one O +internal O +carotid O +artery O +, O +the O +relative O +specific O +activities O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +, O +glutamine B-Chemical +( O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +) O +, O +and O +glutamine B-Chemical +( O +amide O +) O +in O +brain O +were O +approximately O +1 O +: O +5 O +: O +400 O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Analysis O +of O +13N O +- O +metabolites O +, O +after O +infusion O +of O +[ O +13N O +] O +ammonia B-Chemical +into O +one O +lateral O +cerebral O +ventricle O +, O +indicated O +that O +ammonia B-Chemical +entering O +the O +brain O +from O +the O +cerebrospinal O +fluid O +is O +also O +metabolized O +in O +a O +small O +glutamate B-Chemical +pool O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +13N O +activity O +in O +brain O +glutamate B-Chemical +was O +greater O +than O +that O +in O +the O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +group O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amount O +of O +label O +recovered O +in O +the O +right O +cerebral O +hemisphere O +, O +5 O +s O +after O +a O +rapid O +bolus O +injection O +of O +[ O +13N O +] O +ammonia B-Chemical +via O +the O +right O +common O +carotid O +artery O +, O +was O +found O +to O +be O +independent O +of O +ammonia B-Chemical +concentration O +within O +the O +bolus O +over O +a O +1000 O +- O +fold O +range O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +normal O +rats O +that O +were O +killed O +by O +a O +freeze O +- O +blowing O +technique O +5 O +s O +after O +injection O +of O +an O +[ O +13N O +] O +ammonia B-Chemical +bolus O +, O +approximately O +60 O +% O +of O +the O +label O +recovered O +in O +brain O +had O +already O +been O +incorporated O +into O +glutamine B-Chemical +, O +indicating O +that O +the O +t1 O +/ O +2 O +for O +conversion O +of O +ammonia B-Chemical +to O +glutamine B-Chemical +in O +the O +small O +pool O +is O +in O +the O +range O +of O +1 O +to O +3 O +s O +or O +less O +. O + +aps B-category +Stereospecificity O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +borohydride O +reduction O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +decarboxylase O +from O +Streptococcus O +faecalis O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +binding O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +at O +pH O +5 O +. O +5 O +or O +tyramine O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +0 O +to O +the O +holoenzyme O +, O +sodium B-Chemical +boro O +[ O +3H O +] O +hydride O +reduction O +proceeds O +from O +the O +si O +face O +at O +C O +- O +4 O +' O +of O +the O +substrate O +. O + +aps B-category +Influence O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +and O +chloride B-Chemical +ions O +on O +the O +interaction O +between O +sulfaethidole O +and O +bovine O +serum O +albumin O +studied O +by O +microcalorimetric O +and O +acid O +- O +base O +titrimetric O +methods O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +explains O +the O +observation O +that O +the O +heat O +of O +binding O +of O +sulfaethidole O +to O +the O +high O +affinity O +site O +is O +- O +33 O +. O +0 O +kJ O +. O +mol O +- O +1 O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +chloride B-Chemical +ions O +, O +but O +only O +- O +22 O +. O +8 O +kJ O +. O +mol O +- O +1 O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +0 O +. O +1 O +M O +Cl O +- O +( O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +4 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Conversion O +of O +glutathione B-Chemical +to O +glutathione B-Chemical +disulfide O +, O +a O +catalytic O +function O +of O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +transpeptidase O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +12 O +isozymes O +exhibited O +a O +constant O +ratio O +of O +transpeptidase O +to O +glutathione B-Chemical +oxidase O +activities O +, O +strongly O +supporting O +the O +conclusion O +that O +conversion O +of O +glutathione B-Chemical +to O +glutathione B-Chemical +disulfide O +is O +a O +catalytic O +function O +of O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +transpeptidase O +. O + +aps B-category +Stability O +of O +the O +monomer O +and O +effect O +of O +metal O +ion O +and O +phosphate B-Chemical +binding O +on O +dimer O +stability O +. O + +aps B-category +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +lipid O +peroxidation O +occurs O +in O +two O +distinct O +sequential O +radical O +steps O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +second O +step O +, O +propagation O +, O +is O +the O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +catalyzed I-Chemical +breakdown O +of O +lipid B-Chemical +hydroperoxides I-Chemical +formed O +during O +initiation O +generating O +reactive O +intermediates O +and O +products O +characteristic O +of O +lipid O +peroxidation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +products O +from O +rRNA O +are O +mostly O +oligonucleotides O +with O +3 O +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +ends O +. O + +aps B-category +Bis O +( O +monoacylglycero O +) O +phosphate B-Chemical +was O +purified O +from O +the O +livers O +of O +chloroquine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +rats O +and O +labeled O +with O +tritium O +by O +a O +nonreductive O +catalytic O +exchange O +procedure O +. O + +aps B-category +Simultaneous O +measurements O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +and O +transmembrane O +transport O +of O +Ca2 O ++ O +, O +H O ++ O +, O +and O +phosphate B-Chemical +show O +that O +the O +efflux O +of O +Ca2 O ++ O +from O +respiring O +tightly O +coupled O +rat O +liver O +mitochondria O +takes O +place O +by O +an O +electroneutral O +Ca2 O ++ O +/ O +2H O ++ O +antiport O +process O +that O +is O +ruthenium B-Chemical +red O +- O +insensitive O +and O +that O +is O +regulated O +by O +the O +oxidation O +- O +reduction O +state O +of O +the O +mitochondrial O +pyridine O +nucleotides O +. O + +aps B-category +Upon O +subsequent O +addition O +of O +ruthenium B-Chemical +red O +to O +block O +Ca2 O ++ O +transport O +via O +the O +electrophoretic O +influx O +pathway O +, O +and O +acetoacetate O +, O +to O +bring O +mitochondrial O +pyridine O +nucleotides O +into O +the O +oxidized O +state O +, O +Ca2 O ++ O +efflux O +and O +H O ++ O +influx O +ensued O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pulse O +radiolysis O +of O +solutions O +of O +adult O +human O +methemogolbin O +was O +used O +in O +order O +to O +reduce O +a O +single O +heme O +iron B-Chemical +within O +the O +protein O +tetramers O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +pH O +and O +inositol B-Chemical +hexaphosphate O +were O +examined O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +inositol B-Chemical +hexaphosphate O +, O +above O +pH O +8 O +, O +the O +kinetics O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +binding O +was O +of O +a O +single O +phase O +. O + +aps B-category +Regulation O +of O +bovine O +adrenal O +tyrosine B-Chemical +3 O +- O +monooxygenase O +by O +phosphorylation O +- O +dephosphorylation O +reaction O +, O +catalyzed O +by O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +- O +dependent O +protein O +kinase O +and O +phosphoprotein O +phosphatase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +minimum O +molecular O +weight O +based O +on O +mass O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +per O +mole O +of O +flavin O +is O +64 O +, O +000 O +. O + +aps B-category +Anaerobically O +NADPH B-Chemical +bleaches O +the O +flavoprotein O +, O +and O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +both O +NADPH B-Chemical +and O +oxygen B-Chemical +a O +remarkably O +stable O +intermediate O +form O +of O +the O +enzyme O +, O +with O +an O +absorption O +band O +at O +375 O +nm O +, O +is O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetic O +studies O +carried O +out O +with O +a O +model O +organic O +nitrogen B-Chemical +substrate O +( O +trimethylamine O +) O +and O +a O +sulfur O +substrate O +( O +methimazole B-Chemical +) O +gave O +similar O +patterns O +. O + +aps B-category +If O +NADPH B-Chemical +is O +the O +first O +substrate O +added O +, O +then O +NADP O ++ O +must O +be O +the O +last O +product O +released O +since O +NADP O ++ O +is O +competitive O +with O +NADPH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +observed O +equilibrium O +constants O +( O +Kobs O +) O +of O +the O +creatine B-Chemical +kinase O +( O +EC O +2 O +. O +7 O +. O +3 O +. O +2 O +) O +, O +myokinase O +( O +EC O +2 O +. O +7 O +. O +4 O +. O +3 O +) O +, O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphatase I-Chemical +( O +EC O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +3 O +. O +9 O +) O +, O +and O +fructose O +- O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +diphosphatase O +( O +EC O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +3 O +. O +11 O +) O +reactions O +have O +been O +determined O +at O +38 O +degrees O +C O +, O +pH O +7 O +. O +0 O +, O +ionic O +strength O +0 O +. O +25 O +, O +and O +varying O +free O +magnesium B-Chemical +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +value O +was O +found O +to O +be O +3 O +. O +78 O +x O +10 O +( O +8 O +) O +M O +- O +1 O +at O +free O +[ O +Mg2 O ++ O +] O += O +0 O +and O +1 O +. O +66 O +x O +10 O +( O +9 O +) O +M O +- O +1 O +at O +free O +[ O +Mg2 O ++ O +] O += O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +M O +. O +Therefore O +, O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +0 O +, O +the O +value O +of O +Kobs O +, O +defined O +as O +Kobs O += O +KCK O +[ O +H O ++ O +] O += O +[ O +sigma O +ATP O +] O +[ O +sigma O +creatine B-Chemical +] O +divided O +by O +( O +[ O +sigma O +ADP O +] O +[ O +sigma O +creatine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +P I-Chemical +] O +was O +37 O +. O +8 O +at O +free O +[ O +Mg2 O ++ O +] O += O +0 O +and O +166 O +at O +free O +[ O +Mg2 O ++ O +] O += O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +M O +. O +The O +Kobs O +value O +for O +the O +myokinase O +reaction O +, O +2 O +sigma O +ADP O +equilibrium O +sigma O +AMP O ++ O +sigma O +ATP O +, O +was O +found O +to O +vary O +with O +free O +[ O +Mg2 O ++ O +] O +, O +being O +0 O +. O +391 O +at O +free O +[ O +Mg2 O ++ O +] O += O +0 O +and O +1 O +. O +05 O +at O +free O +[ O +Mg2 O ++ O +] O += O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +M O +. O +Taking O +the O +standard O +state O +of O +water O +to O +have O +activity O +equal O +to O +1 O +, O +the O +Kobs O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +P I-Chemical +hydrolysis O +, O +sigma O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +P I-Chemical ++ O +H2O O +equilibrium O +sigma O +glucose B-Chemical ++ O +sigma O +Pi O +, O +was O +found O +not O +to O +vary O +with O +free O +[ O +Mg2 O ++ O +] O +, O +being O +110 O +M O +at O +both O +free O +[ O +Mg2 O ++ O +] O += O +0 O +and O +free O +[ O +Mg2 O ++ O +] O += O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +M O +. O +The O +Kobs O +of O +fructose O +- O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +P2 O +hydrolysis O +, O +sigma O +fructose O +- O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +P2 O +equilibrium O +sigma O +fructose O +- O +6 O +- O +P O ++ O +sigma O +Pi O +, O +was O +found O +to O +vary O +with O +free O +[ O +Mg2 O ++ O +] O +, O +being O +272 O +M O +at O +free O +[ O +Mg2 O ++ O +] O += O +0 O +and O +174 O +M O +at O +free O +[ O +Mg2 O ++ O +] O += O +0 O +. O +89 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +M O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +brain O +and O +muscle O +, O +the O +value O +of O +KG O ++ O +G O +/ O +KLDH O +calculated O +from O +the O +measured O +tissue O +contents O +of O +the O +reactants O +was O +a O +factor O +of O +20 O +or O +more O +lower O +than O +that O +expected O +at O +equilibrium O +as O +was O +the O +measured O +value O +of O +the O +expression O +: O +KCK O += O +[ O +sigma O +ATP O +] O +[ O +sigma O +creatine B-Chemical +] O +divided O +by O +[ O +sigma O +ADP O +] O +[ O +sigma O +creatine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +P I-Chemical +] O +[ O +H O ++ O +] O +( O +2 O +) O +Substitution O +of O +calculated O +free O +[ O +sigma O +ADP O +] O +values O +in O +the O +expression O +of O +KG O ++ O +G O +/ O +KLDH O +gave O +values O +of O +0 O +. O +83 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +19 O +x O +10 O +( O +7 O +) O +M O +- O +1 O +for O +brain O +and O +muscle O +, O +respectively O +, O +which O +agreed O +well O +with O +the O +value O +of O +1 O +. O +65 O +x O +10 O +( O +7 O +) O +M O +- O +1 O +measured O +in O +vitro O +at O +I O += O +0 O +. O +25 O +, O +free O +[ O +Mg2 O ++ O +] O += O +1 O +mM O +, O +T O += O +38 O +degrees O +C O +. O +This O +agreement O +between O +two O +highly O +active O +enzyme O +systems O +in O +the O +same O +compartment O +is O +taken O +as O +evidence O +of O +the O +existence O +of O +near O +- O +equilibrium O +in O +both O +these O +systems O +and O +suggests O +that O +free O +cytosolic O +[ O +sigma O +ADP O +] O +is O +probably O +20 O +- O +fold O +lower O +than O +measured O +cell O +ADP O +content O +in O +mitochondrial O +- O +containing O +tissues O +. O + +aps B-category +Concentrations O +of O +NaCl B-Chemical +from O +0 O +. O +15 O +to O +0 O +. O +3 O +M O +inhibited O +the O +activity O +at O +low O +pH O +values O +but O +activated O +the O +enzyme O +between O +pH O +4 O +. O +0 O +and O +5 O +. O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +NaCl B-Chemical +inhibited O +the O +activity O +of O +the O +low O +Km O +form O +, O +but O +activated O +the O +high O +Km O +form O +of O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +first O +ternary O +complex O +is O +formed O +by O +random O +addition O +of O +p O +- O +hydroxybenzoate O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +to O +the O +enzyme O +, O +followed O +by O +the O +release O +of O +the O +first O +product O +( O +NADP O ++ O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +- O +bound O +p O +- O +hydroxybenzoate O +then O +reacts O +with O +the O +activated O +oxygen B-Chemical +to O +give O +3 O +, O +4 O +- O +dihydroxybenzoate O +which O +is O +released O +regenerating O +the O +oxidized O +enzyme O +for O +the O +next O +cycle O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +anaerobic O +reduction O +of O +the O +enzyme O +by O +NADPH B-Chemical +in O +the O +presence O +of O +p O +- O +hydroxybenzoate O +produces O +a O +transient O +charge O +- O +transfer O +intermediate O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +vitro O +stimulation O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +in O +unilateral O +undescended O +testes O +of O +humans O +by O +follicle O +- O +stimulating O +hormone O +and O +luteinizing O +hormone O +. O + +aps B-category +Biopsy O +tissue O +was O +preincubated O +at O +37 O +C O +for O +5 O +min O +in O +1 O +ml O +Krebs O +- O +Ringer O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +buffer O +( O +KRB O +) O +containing O +10 O +mM O +aminophylline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +other O +half O +was O +incubated O +for O +20 O +min O +at O +37 O +C O +in O +1 O +ml O +fresh O +KRB O +containing O +aminophylline B-Chemical +and O +FSH O +( O +10 O +microgram O +) O +or O +LH O +( O +10 O +microgram O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +the O +20 O +- O +min O +incubation O +period O +with O +FSH O +the O +concentrations O +of O +cAMP B-Chemical +in O +the O +descended O +and O +undescended O +testes O +were O +10 O +. O +85 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +86 O +pmol O +/ O +mg O +protein O +and O +11 O +. O +21 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1 O +. O +1 O +mol O +/ O +mg O +protein O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Leydig O +and O +Sertoli O +cell O +functions O +of O +the O +undescended O +testes O +, O +at O +least O +in O +terms O +of O +cAMP B-Chemical +generation O +, O +are O +similar O +to O +normal O +descended O +testes O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +evidence O +for O +binding O +of O +AMP O +deaminase O +to O +spectrin O +or O +band O +3 O +( O +the O +G3PD O +binding O +protein O +) O +was O +found O +in O +sucrose B-Chemical +gradients O +, O +however O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +human O +neutrophil O +neutral O +protease O +which O +generates O +a O +low O +molecular O +weight O +peptide O +from O +a O +plasma O +protein O +substrate O +and O +cleaves O +the O +basic O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +ester O +substrates O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +N I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +p I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tosyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +l I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +methyl O +ester O +HCl O +, O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +N I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +benzoyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +l I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +ester O +HCl O +, O +and O +alpha O +- O +N O +- O +carbobenzoxy O +- O +l O +- O +lysine O +- O +p O +- O +nitrophenyl O +ester O +has O +been O +purified O +to O +homogeneity O +and O +distinguished O +from O +the O +known O +lysosomal O +neutrophil O +proteases O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +treatment O +with O +diisopropylfluorophosphate B-Chemical +to O +eliminate O +autodegradation O +, O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +- O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +of O +reduced O +and O +unreduced O +protein O +gave O +a O +single O +protein O +band O +of O +29 O +, O +000 O +- O +30 O +, O +000 O +mol O +wt O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +neutrophil O +protease O +, O +like O +cathepsin O +G O +and O +elastase O +, O +is O +composed O +of O +a O +single O +polypeptide O +chain O +of O +congruent O +with30 O +, O +000 O +mol O +wt O +, O +but O +differs O +from O +cathepsin O +G O +and O +elastase O +in O +its O +less O +cationic O +isoelectric O +point O +and O +its O +failure O +to O +cleave O +synthetic O +substrates O +presenting O +an O +aromatic O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +ester O +linkage O +and O +alanyl O +peptide O +bonds O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Observations O +on O +the O +factors O +that O +control O +the O +generation O +of O +triiodothyronine O +from O +thyroxine B-Chemical +in O +rat O +liver O +and O +the O +nature O +of O +the O +defect O +induced O +by O +fasting O +. O + +aps B-category +T3 O +- O +neogenesis O +in O +livers O +from O +fasted O +animals O +and O +those O +fed O +chow O +or O +glucose B-Chemical +was O +assessed O +in O +various O +mixtures O +of O +crude O +microsomal O +fractions O +with O +either O +buffer O +or O +cytosols O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +diminished O +supporting O +activity O +for O +T3 O +- O +neogenesis O +provided O +by O +liver O +cytosol O +from O +fasted O +animals O +was O +restored O +to O +normal O +by O +enrichment O +with O +either O +NADPH B-Chemical +or O +GSH O +, O +but O +the O +two O +cofactors O +appeared O +to O +act O +at O +different O +loci O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stimulatory O +effect O +of O +both O +agents O +was O +blocked O +by O +the O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +oxidant O +, O +diamide O +, O +which O +also O +inhibited O +T3 O +- O +neogenesis O +in O +mixtures O +of O +microsomes O +with O +cytosols O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +direct O +stimulation O +of O +enzyme O +activity O +by O +GSH O +, O +and O +the O +apparent O +lack O +of O +inhibition O +of O +unstimulated O +activity O +by O +diamide O +, O +suggests O +that O +the O +5 O +' O +- O +monodeiodinase O +for O +thyroxine B-Chemical +that O +mediates O +T3 O +- O +neogenesis O +may O +be O +a O +GSH O +transhydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +these O +studies O +, O +we O +have O +examined O +the O +in O +vitro O +interaction O +between O +catecholamines B-Chemical +and O +T O +( O +3 O +) O +with O +respect O +to O +this O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +a O +concentration O +of O +1 O +muM O +, O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +, O +terbutaline B-Chemical +, O +and O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +were O +also O +without O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +basal O +nor O +T O +( O +3 O +) O +- O +enhanced O +CLE O +accumulation O +was O +affected O +by O +the O +addition O +alone O +of O +the O +adrenergic O +blocking O +agents O +, O +propranolol B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +1 O +mM O +) O +, O +phentolamine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +muM O +) O +, O +or O +practolol O +( O +0 O +. O +1 O +mM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enhancement O +of O +CLE O +accumulation O +that O +occurred O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +T O +( O +3 O +) O +, O +with O +or O +without O +epinephrine B-Chemical +, O +was O +seen O +to O +be O +a O +result O +of O +an O +inhibition O +of O +CLE O +efflux O +, O +because O +T O +( O +3 O +) O +alone O +inhibited O +CLE O +efflux O +, O +and O +this O +effect O +was O +increased O +when O +epinephrine B-Chemical +was O +also O +present O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +judged O +from O +studies O +of O +the O +ability O +of O +thymocytes O +to O +exclude O +trypan B-Chemical +blue I-Chemical +, O +neither O +T O +( O +3 O +) O +alone O +nor O +T O +( O +3 O +) O +plus O +epinephrine B-Chemical +either O +enhanced O +or O +impaired O +viability O +of O +cells O +during O +3 O +- O +h O +periods O +of O +incubation O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +confirmation O +of O +previous O +results O +, O +the O +stimulatory O +effect O +of O +T O +( O +3 O +) O +on O +CLE O +accumulation O +was O +unaffected O +by O +concentrations O +of O +puromycin O +sufficient O +to O +inhibit O +protein O +synthesis O +by O +at O +least O +95 O +% O +, O +and O +the O +potentiating O +action O +of O +epinephrine B-Chemical +on O +the O +response O +to O +T O +( O +3 O +) O +was O +similarly O +unaffected O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +presence O +of O +DNA O +: O +anti O +- O +DNA O +compexes O +was O +not O +related O +to O +high O +molecular O +weight O +IgG O +, O +cryoprecipitins O +, O +positive O +polyethylene B-Chemical +glycol I-Chemical +precipitation O +, O +or O +low O +plasma O +C3 O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +HbA O +( O +Ic O +) O +increased O +with O +time O +, O +glucose B-Chemical +concentrations O +( O +5 O +- O +500 O +mM O +) O +, O +and O +incubation O +temperature O +( O +4 O +degrees O +- O +37 O +degrees O +C O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +to O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +galactose B-Chemical +and O +mannose O +, O +but O +not O +fructose O +, O +served O +as O +precursors O +to O +HbA O +( O +Ic O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Autoradiography O +after O +erythrocyte O +incubation O +with O +( O +32 O +) O +P B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +showed O +incorporation O +of O +radioactivity O +into O +HbA O +( O +Ia1 O +) O +and O +A O +( O +Ia2 O +) O +, O +but O +not O +HbA O +( O +Ib O +) O +, O +A O +( O +Ic O +) O +, O +or O +A O +. O +Acetylated O +HbA O +, O +generated O +during O +incubation O +with O +acetylsalicylate B-Chemical +, O +migrated O +anodal O +to O +HbA O +( O +Ic O +) O +and O +clearly O +separated O +from O +it O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +erythrocytes O +from O +cord O +blood O +and O +from O +HbC O +and O +sickle O +cell O +anemia O +patients O +were O +incubated O +with O +elevated O +concentrations O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +fetal O +Hb O +, O +HbC O +, O +and O +sickle O +Hb O +decreased O +, O +whereas O +hemoglobins O +focusing O +at O +isoelectric O +points O +near O +those O +expected O +for O +the O +corresponding O +glycosylated O +derivatives O +appeared O +in O +proportionately O +increased O +amounts O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +somatostatin O +and O +combined O +alpha O +- O +and O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blockade O +on O +plasma O +glucose B-Chemical +recovery O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +flux O +rates O +after O +insulin O +- O +induced O +hypoglycemia O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +control O +studies O +, O +recovery O +of O +plasma O +glucose B-Chemical +from O +hypoglycemia O +was O +primarily O +due O +to O +a O +compensatory O +increase O +in O +glucose B-Chemical +production O +; O +the O +temporal O +relationship O +of O +glucagon O +, O +epinephrine B-Chemical +, O +cortisol B-Chemical +, O +and O +growth O +hormone O +responses O +with O +the O +compensatory O +increase O +in O +glucose B-Chemical +appearance O +was O +compatible O +with O +potential O +participation O +of O +all O +these O +hormones O +in O +acute O +glucose B-Chemical +counterregulation O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +impaired O +recovery O +of O +plasma O +glucose B-Chemical +was O +due O +to O +blunting O +of O +the O +compensatory O +increase O +in O +glucose B-Chemical +appearance O +since O +glucose B-Chemical +disappearance O +was O +not O +augmented O +, O +and O +was O +attributable O +to O +suppression O +of O +glucagon O +secretion O +rather O +than O +growth O +hormone O +secretion O +since O +these O +effects O +of O +somatostatin O +were O +not O +observed O +during O +simultaneous O +infusion O +of O +somatostatin O +and O +glucagon O +whereas O +infusion O +of O +growth O +hormone O +along O +with O +somatostatin O +did O +not O +prevent O +the O +effect O +of O +somatostatin O +. O + +aps B-category +Infusion O +of O +phentolamine B-Chemical +plus O +propranolol B-Chemical +( O +combined O +alpha O +- O +and O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blockade O +) O +had O +no O +effect O +on O +plasma O +glucose B-Chemical +or O +glucose B-Chemical +fluxes O +after O +insulin O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +indicate O +that O +in O +man O +( O +a O +) O +restoration O +of O +normoglycemia O +after O +insulin O +- O +induced O +hypoglycemia O +is O +primarily O +due O +to O +a O +compensatory O +increase O +in O +glucose B-Chemical +production O +; O +( O +b O +) O +intact O +glucagon O +secretion O +, O +but O +not O +growth O +hormone O +secretion O +, O +is O +necessary O +for O +normal O +glucose B-Chemical +counterregulation O +, O +and O +( O +c O +) O +adrenergic O +mechanisms O +do O +not O +normally O +play O +an O +essential O +role O +in O +this O +process O +but O +become O +critical O +to O +recovery O +from O +hypoglycemia O +when O +glucagon O +secretion O +is O +impaired O +. O + +aps B-category +L O +- O +ascorbic O +acid O +( O +LAA O +) O +augmented O +cGMP B-Chemical +many O +- O +fold O +in O +highly O +purified O +human O +peripheral O +blood O +lymphocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +D O +- O +ascorbic O +acid O +( O +DAA O +) O +and O +dehydroascorbic O +acid O +( O +DHAA O +) O +were O +also O +equally O +active O +in O +enhancing O +cGMP B-Chemical +concentrations O +but O +metabolic O +precursors O +of O +ascorbic O +acid O +and O +other O +inorganic O +acids O +did O +not O +increase O +cGMP B-Chemical +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +sodium B-Chemical +or O +calcium B-Chemical +salts O +of O +ascorbic O +acid O +did O +not O +increase O +cGMP B-Chemical +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +broken O +cell O +preparations O +, O +LAA O +, O +DAA O +, O +and O +DHAA O +and O +to O +a O +lesser O +extent O +sodium B-Chemical +ascorbate O +( O +NaA O +) O +enhanced O +guanylate O +cyclase O +activity O +while O +neither O +inhibited O +cAMP B-Chemical +or O +cGMP B-Chemical +phosphodiesterase O +( O +PDE O +) O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Histamine B-Chemical +, O +H1 O +and O +H2 O +antihistamines O +, O +and O +immediate O +hypersensitivity O +reactions O +. O + +aps B-category +Intradermal O +histamine B-Chemical +is O +markedly O +inhibited O +by O +H1 O +receptor O +antagonists O +but O +not O +by O +H2 O +receptor O +antagonists O +in O +the O +doses O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +a O +selective O +beta O +2 O +adrenergic O +agonist O +and O +theophylline B-Chemical +on O +skin O +test O +reactivity O +and O +cardiovascular O +parameters O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +new O +, O +inexpensive O +micrometer O +adaptor O +to O +a O +tuberculin O +syringe O +was O +used O +to O +deliver O +allergens O +and O +histamine B-Chemical +more O +accurately O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +of O +this O +study O +point O +out O +some O +of O +the O +difficulties O +in O +trying O +to O +extrapolate O +in O +vitro O +findings O +to O +in O +vivo O +correlates O +since O +neither O +fenoterol O +nor O +therapeutic O +doses O +of O +theophylline B-Chemical +interfere O +with O +immediate O +skin O +test O +reactivity O +. O + +aps B-category +Methylphenidate B-Chemical +and O +caffeine B-Chemical +impaired O +the O +performance O +of O +both O +age O +groups O +in O +this O +non O +- O +human O +primate O +cognitive O +task O +, O +even O +at O +relatively O +low O +dose O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical +/ O +niacin B-Chemical +mixture O +produced O +a O +three O +- O +way O +interaction O +involving O +age O +, O +dose O +and O +retention O +interval O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +bacteriological O +study O +was O +carried O +out O +on O +the O +first O +Leisure O +Centre O +swimming O +pools O +in O +the O +United O +Kingdom O +to O +be O +disinfected O +with O +ozone B-Chemical +/ O +chlorine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fraction O +containing O +LIF O +( O +68 O +, O +000 O +daltons O +) O +activity O +was O +then O +subjected O +to O +isoelectric O +focusing O +( O +pH O +3 O +to O +10 O +ampholines O +) O +in O +a O +sucrose B-Chemical +gradient O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +studies O +lead B-Chemical +us O +to O +conclude O +that O +, O +in O +vitro O +, O +IgE O +resides O +in O +a O +functional O +orientation O +on O +the O +surface O +of O +RBL O +- O +1 O +cells O +, O +for O +prolonged O +periods O +of O +time O +. O + +aps B-category +Experiments O +were O +done O +to O +determine O +1 O +) O +whether O +the O +respiratory O +burst O +of O +superoxide B-Chemical +anion O +( O +O2 O +- O +) O +production O +in O +polymorphonuclear O +leukocytes O +( O +PMN O +) O +is O +triggered O +during O +antibody O +- O +dependent O +killing O +of O +tumor O +cells O +and O +2 O +) O +whether O +O2 O +- O +production O +is O +essential O +for O +cytotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Added O +catalase O +and O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +did O +not O +inhibit O +lysis O +, O +possibly O +because O +these O +enzymes O +were O +unable O +to O +diffuse O +into O +the O +inter O +- O +plasma O +- O +membrane O +space O +between O +killer O +and O +target O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +requirement O +for O +oxygen B-Chemical +was O +most O +likely O +related O +to O +O2 O +- O +generation O +and O +not O +mitochondrial O +respiration O +since O +cyanide O +and O +azide O +, O +which O +inhibit O +mitochondrial O +respiration O +, O +increased O +cytotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Filtration O +of O +spent O +medium O +, O +adjustment O +of O +pH O +, O +addition O +of O +urea B-Chemical +, O +and O +reinoculation O +permitted O +growth O +at O +the O +same O +rate O +and O +to O +the O +same O +titer O +as O +that O +observed O +in O +unused O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +7alpha O +- O +Dehydroxylation O +activity O +was O +not O +detected O +using O +glycine B-Chemical +and O +taurine O +- O +conjugated O +primary O +bile O +acids O +, O +ursodeoxycholic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +cholic O +acid O +methyl O +ester O +, O +or O +hyocholic O +acid O +as O +substrates O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +same O +culture O +, O +a O +similar O +increase O +in O +chenodeoxycholic O +acid O +7alpha O +- O +dehydroxylation O +was O +detected O +only O +in O +cells O +cultured O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +cholate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +At O +low O +concentrations O +, O +the O +absorption O +rate O +of O +linoleic O +acid O +is O +influenced O +by O +the O +pH O +, O +surfactant O +type O +and O +concentration O +, O +the O +simultaneous O +presence O +of O +other O +polyunsaturated O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +and O +the O +thickness O +of O +the O +unstirred O +water O +layer O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +comparative O +study O +of O +Zn O +( O +II O +) O +and O +Co O +( O +II O +) O +binding O +to O +glycyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +, O +a O +pseudosubstrate O +for O +carboxypeptidase O +A O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +carboxyl O +, O +amino B-Chemical +, O +and O +tyrosyl O +pKa O +values O +, O +as O +well O +as O +the O +distribution O +of O +solution O +complexes O +, O +have O +been O +determined O +by O +analytical O +potentiometry O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +metals O +formed O +bis O +- O +peptide O +complexes O +, O +involving O +amino B-Chemical +and O +peptide O +carbonyl O +coordination O +near O +pH O += O +8 O +, O +with O +Zn O +( O +II O +) O +demonstrating O +a O +substantially O +higher O +affinity O +for O +the O +ligand O +. O + +aps B-category +Characterization O +of O +the O +Ca2 O ++ O +- O +induced O +proteolytic O +activation O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +from O +the O +rat O +brain O +stem O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +conversion O +rate O +of O +[ O +14C O +] O +tyrosine B-Chemical +to O +brain O +catecholamines B-Chemical +and O +tyrosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydoxylase I-Chemical +activity O +were O +higher O +in O +D O +- O +D O +rats O +as O +compared O +with O +controls O +at O +this O +age O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +response O +to O +an O +oral O +glucose B-Chemical +load O +during O +convalescence O +from O +hypoxia O +in O +newborn O +infants O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +infants O +developed O +metabolic O +acidosis O +and O +lactic O +acidemia O +after O +the O +oral O +glucose B-Chemical +load O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +metabolic O +changes O +were O +found O +to O +be O +more O +severe O +in O +infants O +given O +the O +oral O +glucose B-Chemical +load O +early O +in O +their O +convalescence O +and O +in O +those O +infants O +less O +than O +10 O +days O +of O +age O +. 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O + +aps B-category +We O +present O +evidence O +that O +beta O +- O +ketothiolase O +deficiency O +is O +not O +simply O +a O +defect O +of O +isoleucine O +degradation O +; O +the O +deficient O +enzyme O +is O +the O +K O ++ O +dependent O +short O +- O +chain O +mitochondrial O +thiolase O +, O +which O +also O +plays O +a O +major O +catalytic O +role O +in O +ketone B-Chemical +body O +and O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidation O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +rat O +, O +administration O +of O +3 O +- O +( O +3 O +, O +4 O +- O +dihydroxy O +) O +- O +L O +- O +phenylalanine O +( O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +) O +simultaneously O +with O +the O +corresponding O +alpha O +- O +keto O +acid O +, O +3 O +, O +4 O +- O +dihydroxyphenylpyruvic O +acid O +( O +DHPPA O +) O +, O +gives O +significantly O +higher O +concentrations O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +in O +the O +serum O +and O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +homovanillic O +acid O +in O +the O +brain O +than O +the O +same O +dose O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +DHPPA O +is O +postulated O +to O +increase O +the O +absorption O +of O +intact O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +from O +the O +gut O +by O +preventing O +the O +transamination O +reaction O +between O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +and O +the O +physiological O +alpha O +- O +keto O +acids O +. O + +aps B-category +Intracerebral O +injection O +in O +rats O +of O +4 O +microgram O +of O +the O +catecholamine B-Chemical +neurotoxin O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxydopamine I-Chemical +was O +used O +to O +deplete O +forebrain O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +to O +less O +than O +10 O +% O +of O +control O +values O +and O +separately O +to O +deplete O +brain O +dopamine B-Chemical +to O +less O +than O +15 O +% O +of O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +duration O +of O +the O +convulsion O +was O +significantly O +increased O +as O +a O +result O +of O +loss O +of O +forebrain O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Oral O +doses O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +03 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +) O +or O +guanfacine O +( O +0 O +. O +3 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +) O +were O +administered O +twice O +daily O +during O +three O +weeks O +to O +groups O +of O +normotensive O +and O +renal O +hypertensive O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Dopamine B-Chemical +, O +apomorphine B-Chemical +, O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +reduced O +the O +response O +of O +the O +isolated O +guinea O +- O +pig O +ileum O +to O +exogenous O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +by O +a O +maximum O +of O +40 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +inhibition O +was O +partially O +antagonized O +by O +phentolamine B-Chemical +, O +pimozide O +and O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +pA2 O +determinations O +showed O +that O +phentolamine B-Chemical +was O +a O +potent O +antagonist O +of O +clonidine B-Chemical +but O +a O +weak O +antagonist O +of O +apomorphine B-Chemical +whilst O +for O +pimozide O +the O +opposite O +was O +true O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +naloxone B-Chemical +on O +the O +sensitivity O +of O +the O +vas O +deferens O +to O +various O +agonists O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +responses O +of O +NA O +were O +potentiated O +by O +naloxone B-Chemical +( O +3 O +microM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Responses O +induced O +by O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +and O +potassium B-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +were O +also O +potentiated O +by O +naloxone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +naloxone B-Chemical +produces O +non O +- O +specific O +potentiation O +, O +by O +promoting O +calcium B-Chemical +influx O +at O +the O +post O +- O +synaptic O +site O +. O + +aps B-category +Similar O +effects O +were O +observed O +with O +Tween O +80 O +, O +while O +ethanol B-Chemical +caused O +a O +maximum O +decrease O +of O +60 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Antinociceptive O +potency O +ratios O +for O +( O ++ O +) O +- O +and O +( O +- O +) O +- O +4 O +- O +dimethylamino O +- O +2 O +, O +2 O +- O +diphenylpentanoate O +( O +the O +ethyl O +ester O +analogue O +of O +methadone B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +depletion O +of O +rat O +brain O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +on O +morphine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +antinociception O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +levamisole O +on O +the O +cardiac O +responses O +to O +sympathomimetics O +and O +on O +the O +amine B-Chemical +uptake O +process O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Monovalent O +cations O +such O +as O +Rb O ++ O +, O +Cs O ++ O +, O +K O ++ O +, O +Tris O ++ O +and O +choline B-Chemical ++ O +decreased O +Na O ++ O +permeability O +when O +present O +at O +the O +vesicle O +outside O +at O +a O +concentration O +range O +of O +10 O +to O +100 O +mM O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +are O +consistent O +with O +current O +hypotheses O +on O +secretagogue O +- O +induced O +fluid O +secretion O +in O +acinar O +cells O +of O +the O +pancreas O +according O +to O +which O +secretagogues O +elicit O +NaCl B-Chemical +and O +fluid O +secretion O +by O +liberating O +Ca2 O ++ O +from O +cellular O +membranes O +and O +by O +stimulating O +Ca2 O ++ O +influx O +into O +the O +cell O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +luminal B-Chemical +sodium B-Chemical +pump O +finally O +transports O +Na O ++ O +ions O +into O +the O +lumen O +. O + +aps B-category +Long O +- O +term O +therapy O +with O +a O +branched O +- O +chain O +amino B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +enriched I-Chemical +elemental O +diet O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +single O +, O +well O +- O +studied O +, O +long O +- O +term O +patient O +received O +therapy O +with O +a O +branched O +- O +chain O +amino B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +enriched I-Chemical +elemental O +diet O +that O +not O +only O +enabled O +adequate O +nutrition O +with O +protein O +but O +resulted O +in O +improvement O +in O +hepatic O +function O +as O +well O +as O +reversal O +of O +some O +aspects O +of O +hepatic O +encephalopathy O +that O +heretofore O +have O +been O +deemed O +irreversible O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +alterations O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +fluorescence O +parametres O +with O +pH O +may O +be O +due O +to O +: O +1 O +) O +conformational O +changes O +; O +2 O +) O +changes O +in O +the O +ionic O +state O +of O +groups O +capable O +of O +quenching O +the O +tryptophan B-Chemical +fluorescence O +. O + +aps B-category +Double O +- O +stranded O +polyribonucleotide O +compacting O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +polyethylene B-Chemical +glycol I-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Photooxidation O +of O +aspartate B-Chemical +transaminase O +from O +chicken O +heart O +cytosol O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Photooxidized O +apotransaminase O +retains O +affinity O +to O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +and O +binds O +as O +much O +coenzyme O +as O +the O +native O +apoenzyme O +. 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O + +aps B-category +BrdUrd O +did O +not O +alter O +the O +relative O +rates O +of O +uridine B-Chemical +incorporation O +into O +the O +three O +classes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +presented O +permit O +the O +conclusion O +that O +( O +i O +) O +these O +three O +enzymes O +reside O +in O +a O +single O +multifunctional O +220 O +, O +000 O +- O +dalton O +polypeptide O +; O +( O +ii O +) O +the O +aspartate B-Chemical +transcarbamoyltransferase O +activity O +is O +located O +on O +a O +portion O +( O +approximately O +20 O +, O +000 O +daltons O +) O +at O +one O +end O +of O +the O +polypeptide O +; O +( O +iii O +) O +this O +portion O +may O +also O +be O +required O +for O +monomers O +to O +aggregate O +into O +the O +multimeric O +from O +present O +in O +mammalian O +cells O +; O +( O +iv O +) O +the O +mutations O +in O +Urd O +( O +- O +) O +A O +and O +the O +Urd O +( O +- O +) O +A O +revertants O +lie O +in O +the O +structural O +gene O +for O +this O +multifunctional O +protein O +; O +and O +( O +v O +) O +increased O +sensitivity O +to O +proteases O +could O +account O +for O +the O +alterations O +in O +the O +structure O +of O +these O +enzymes O +in O +the O +mutants O +. O + +aps B-category +Translocation O +of O +intracellular O +glutathione B-Chemical +to O +the O +medium O +was O +studied O +in O +lymphoid O +cells O +( O +grown O +in O +tissue O +culture O +) O +that O +have O +very O +high O +, O +very O +low O +, O +or O +intermediate O +levels O +of O +membrane O +- O +bound O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +transpeptidase O +, O +in O +the O +absence O +and O +presence O +of O +various O +inhibitors O +of O +this O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Translocation O +of O +glutathione B-Chemical +does O +not O +seem O +to O +be O +directly O +related O +to O +the O +activity O +of O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +transpeptidase O +. O + +aps B-category +Translocation O +of O +glutathione B-Chemical +may O +also O +reflect O +operation O +of O +a O +rather O +general O +mechanism O +that O +protects O +and O +maintains O +the O +integrity O +of O +cell O +membranes O +. O + +aps B-category +Digitonin O +- O +solubilized O +frog O +( O +Rana O +pipiens O +) O +erythrocyte O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +receptors O +, O +purified O +100 O +- O +to O +200 O +- O +fold O +by O +adsorption O +to O +an O +alprenolol O +- O +agarose O +affinity O +support O +and O +specifically O +eluted O +from O +the O +affinity O +resin O +by O +1 O +- O +100 O +mM O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +isoproterenol I-Chemical +, O +were O +used O +to O +immunize O +six O +rabbits O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +competition O +studies O +, O +antibody O +[ O +( O +3 O +) O +H O +] O +dihydroalprenolol O +binding O +was O +found O +to O +display O +a O +specificity O +and O +stereoselectivity O +resembling O +that O +of O +the O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +receptor O +, O +[ O +i O +. O +e O +. O +, O +( O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +isoproterenol I-Chemical +& O +gt O +; O +( O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +epinephrine I-Chemical +& O +gt O +; O +( O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +norepinephrine I-Chemical +; O +alprenolol O +approximately O +propranolol B-Chemical +& O +gt O +; O +& O +gt O +; O +phentolamine B-Chemical += O +aloperidol O +; O +and O +( O +- O +) O +isomers O +of O +both O +agonists O +and O +antagonists O +10 O +- O +100 O +times O +more O +potent O +than O +( O ++ O +) O +isomers O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Genetic O +variation O +and O +relative O +catalytic O +efficiencies O +: O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +B O +allozymes O +of O +Fundulus O +heteroclitus O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +the O +pH O +dependence O +and O +the O +temperature O +dependence O +for O +maximal O +catalysis O +were O +indistinguishable O +among O +the O +allozymes O +, O +reaction O +velocities O +at O +low O +pyruvate B-Chemical +concentrations O +were O +significantly O +different O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rhizobia O +are O +soil O +microorganisms O +that O +can O +interact O +with O +leguminous O +plants O +to O +form O +root O +nodules O +within O +which O +conditions O +are O +favourable O +for O +bacterial O +nitrogen B-Chemical +fixation O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +intracellular O +habitat O +the O +bacteria O +are O +dependent O +upon O +the O +plant O +for O +supplies O +of O +energy O +and O +the O +bacteroids O +, O +in O +particular O +, O +appear O +to O +differentiate O +so O +that O +they O +are O +no O +longer O +able O +to O +utilize O +the O +nitrogen B-Chemical +that O +they O +fix O +. O + +aps B-category +octopine O +( O +N O +- O +alpha O +- O +( O +D O +- O +1 O +- O +carboxyethyl O +) O +- B-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +) O +and O +nopaline O +( O +N O +- O +alpha O +- O +( O +1 O +, O +3 O +- O +dicarboxypropyl O +) O +- O +L O +- O +argine O +) O +, O +is O +transferred O +and O +stably O +maintained O +and O +expressed O +in O +the O +transformed O +plant O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +characterization O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E2 I-Chemical +9 O +- O +keto O +reductase O +from O +aorta O +and O +regional O +differences O +in O +its O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Rats O +given O +ethanol B-Chemical +in O +their O +drinking O +water O +at O +a O +concentration O +that O +permitted O +adequate O +fluid O +intake O +gradually O +accepted O +higher O +concentrations O +and O +consumed O +larger O +amounts O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Nonsignificant O +changes O +in O +ethanol B-Chemical +consumption O +were O +seen O +with O +injections O +of O +1 O +microgram O +PLG O +, O +or O +0 O +. O +42 O +or O +42 O +microgram O +of O +lysine8 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +vasopressin I-Chemical +( O +LVP O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +both O +Experiments O +1 O +and O +2 O +, O +the O +rats O +were O +switched O +from O +forced O +ethanol B-Chemical +intake O +to O +a O +choice O +between O +ethanol B-Chemical +and O +tap O +water O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Interaction O +of O +local O +anesthetics O +and O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +with O +membranes O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +paper O +reviews O +and O +discusses O +basic O +knowledge O +of O +biochemical O +mechanisms O +of O +action O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +upon O +the O +central O +nervous O +system O +, O +the O +emphasis O +being O +on O +effects O +upon O +cerebral O +membrane O +structures O +and O +processes O +as O +well O +as O +mechanisms O +of O +chemical O +synaptic O +transmission O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Erythrocytes O +in O +patients O +treated O +with O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Mood O +and O +performance O +of O +poor O +sleepers O +during O +repeated O +use O +of O +flurazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +cardiac O +protein O +synthesis O +by O +prolonged O +ethanol B-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +Prolonged O +ethanol B-Chemical +consumption O +resulted O +in O +a O +significant O +decrease O +in O +cardiac O +contents O +of O +total O +protiens O +and O +RNA O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rates O +of O +protein O +synthesis O +measured O +by O +determining O +the O +rates O +of O +( O +U O +- O +14C O +) O +- B-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical +incorporation O +into O +cardiac O +proteins O +showed O +that O +chronic O +ethanol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +feeding I-Chemical +leads O +to O +a O +significant O +inhibition O +of O +protein O +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Acute O +administration O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +or O +in O +vitro O +addition O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +does O +not O +affect O +the O +cardiac O +protein O +synthesis O +in O +the O +heart O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +observations O +suggest O +that O +, O +at O +least O +some O +of O +the O +deleterious O +effects O +of O +chronic O +ethanol B-Chemical +consumption O +on O +the O +heart O +may O +be O +exerted O +through O +the O +inhibition O +of O +protein O +synthesis O +in O +the O +cardiac O +muscle O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuronal O +supersensitivity O +to O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +induced O +by O +kindling O +in O +the O +rat O +hippocampus O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuronal O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +supersensitivity O +is O +correlated O +with O +the O +further O +progression O +of O +kindling O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +suggest O +that O +alteration O +of O +synaptic O +sensitivity O +to O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +may O +contribute O +to O +kindling O +and O +epileptogenesis O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +aqueous O +eluant O +containing O +a O +chiral O +copper B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +proline I-Chemical +complex O +effects O +the O +separation O +of O +underivatized O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +enantiomers O +on O +an O +ion O +- O +exchange O +column O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +detection O +and O +quantification O +of O +picomole O +amounts O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +the O +eluant O +is O +monitored O +for O +fluorescence O +after O +reaction O +with O +o O +- O +phthalaldehyde O +, O +a O +reagent O +insensitive O +to O +proline O +but O +highly O +sensitive O +for O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +containing O +a O +primary O +amino B-Chemical +group O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +rat O +liver O +cells O +the O +pathways O +of O +gluconeogenesis O +from O +carbon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +13 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +labeled I-Chemical +glycerol O +are O +followed O +by O +carbon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +13 I-Chemical +NMR O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +purified O +mitochondria O +the O +internal O +and O +external O +concentrations O +of O +inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +adenosine B-Chemical +diphosphate I-Chemical +, O +and O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphate I-Chemical +were O +determined O +by O +phosphorus B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +31 I-Chemical +NMR O +while O +the O +pH O +difference O +across O +the O +membrane O +was O +measured O +simultaneously O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +eruption O +and O +accompanying O +fever O +resolved O +upon O +treatment O +with O +aqueous O +penicillin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Having O +studied O +anaesthetic O +drug O +interactions O +in O +rats O +, O +we O +report O +the O +effects O +of O +halogenated O +anaesthetics O +on O +the O +liver O +glutathione B-Chemical +levels O +and O +histology O +, O +as O +well O +as O +the O +results O +of O +the O +enhancement O +of O +these O +effects O +by O +microsomal O +enzyme O +induction O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +exposure O +of O +rats O +to O +methoxyflurane B-Chemical +, O +helothane O +and O +ethrane O +produced O +no O +significant O +changes O +in O +hepatic O +glutathione B-Chemical +levels O +, O +or O +in O +liver O +histology O +, O +exposure O +to O +chloroform B-Chemical +and O +fluroxene O +produced O +marked O +depression O +of O +liver O +glutathione B-Chemical +, O +especially O +after O +microsomal O +enzyme O +induction O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +reactions O +, O +ultraviolet O +spectra O +and O +phosphorus B-Chemical +content O +of O +solutions O +of O +a O +variety O +of O +commercially O +available O +peptones O +all O +indicated O +, O +predictably O +, O +considerable O +differences O +in O +the O +chemical O +composition O +of O +the O +peptones O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclic O +guanosine B-Chemical +monophosphate O +response O +to O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +stimulation O +of O +gastric O +alkaline O +secretion O +. 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O +2 O +microM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +4 O +- O +Ene O +- O +3 O +- O +ketosteroids O +such O +as O +androstenedione O +, O +progesterone B-Chemical +( O +delta O +4P O +) O +, O +norethindrone O +and O +chlormadinone O +acetate O +acted O +as O +noncompetitive O +inhibitors O +towards O +both O +substrates O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +of O +studies O +on O +proton O +metabolism O +in O +mitochondria O +of O +the O +guinea O +pig O +lungs O +and O +liver O +with O +application O +of O +benemycin O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +succinate O +show O +that O +benemycin O +does O +not O +affect O +the O +metabolism O +of O +protons O +in O +the O +lungs O +and O +liver O +mitochondria O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +using O +sodium B-Chemical +succinate O +for O +reducing O +the O +effect O +of O +benemycin O +on O +theorganism O +it O +is O +found O +that O +sodium B-Chemical +succinate O +inhibits O +the O +utilization O +of O +protons O +of O +the O +lungs O +and O +liver O +mitochondria O +in O +state O +3 O +according O +to O +Chance O +and O +activates O +this O +release O +in O +state O +4 O +, O +thus O +favouring O +an O +increase O +in O +their O +concentration O +in O +the O +extra O +- O +mitochondrial O +space O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +paper O +deals O +with O +stability O +of O +Aspergillus O +aryzae O +alpha O +- O +amylase O +immobilized O +on O +CM O +- O +and O +AE O +- O +celluloses O +using O +N O +, O +N O +' O +- O +dicyclohexylcarbodiimide O +by O +means O +of O +binding O +through O +its O +amine B-Chemical +or O +carboxylic O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +biocarbonate O +concentration O +in O +rabbit O +blood O +and O +tissues O +rise O +, O +the O +activity O +of O +cytoplasmic O +NADP O +- O +isocytrate O +dehydrogenase O +and O +NADP B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +malate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +of O +the O +liver O +lowers O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activity O +of O +NAD B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +malate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +in O +the O +soluble O +fraction O +of O +the O +rabbit O +liver O +and O +kidney O +increases O +with O +the O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +level O +within O +the O +same O +limits O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +protein O +fraction O +, O +which O +did O +not O +contain O +NADP O +[ O +or O +NADPH B-Chemical +] O +- O +dependent O +aldehyde B-Chemical +reductase O +as O +well O +as O +NAD O +[ O +or O +NADP O +] O +- O +dependent O +aldehyde B-Chemical +dehydrogenases O +, O +but O +which O +catalyzed O +oxidation O +of O +fatty O +- O +aromatic O +aldehydes O +, O +was O +isolated O +from O +extract O +of O +rat O +liver O +tissue O +using O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +fractionation O +combined O +with O +gradient O +syvorptive O +chromatography O +on O +DEAE O +- O +Sephadex O +A O +- O +25 O +[ O +or O +Molselect O +DEAE O +- O +25 O +] O +, O +CM O +- O +Sephadex O +C O +- O +25 O +and O +gel O +- O +filtration O +on O +Sephadex O +G O +- O +200 O +. O + +aps B-category +Aldehyde O +dehydrogenases O +as O +well O +as O +xanthine B-Chemical +oxidase O +are O +involved O +in O +oxidation O +of O +fatty O +- O +aromatic O +aldehydes O +to O +corresponding O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +besides O +the O +reduction O +of O +the O +aldehydes O +to O +alcohols O +, O +catalyzed O +by O +aldehyde B-Chemical +reductase O +and O +alcohol B-Chemical +dehydrogenases O +. O + +aps B-category +Despite O +low O +serum O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +levels O +the O +renal O +threshold O +of O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +is O +normal O +, O +while O +urinary O +pH O +levels O +are O +high O +even O +with O +values O +below O +the O +threshold O +. O + +aps B-category +by O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +urinary O +pCO2 O +tension O +is O +not O +significantly O +greater O +in O +distal O +RTA O +, O +indicating O +a O +failure O +of O +the O +cells O +of O +the O +distal O +nephron O +to O +secrete O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ions O +even O +without O +a O +gradient O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +present O +time O +, O +Benzodiazepines O +are O +definitely O +preferred O +, O +whereas O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +, O +anti O +- O +depressant O +and O +the O +older O +drugs O +are O +to O +be O +taken O +secondarly O +in O +account O +. O + +aps B-category +Deranged O +tyrosine B-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +cirrhosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Quantitatively O +minor O +pathways O +, O +in O +large O +part O +extrahepatic O +, O +are O +: O +tyrosine B-Chemical +→ O +tyramine O +→ O +octopamine O +and O +tyrosine B-Chemical +→ O +dopa O +→ O +catecholamines B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +Myocardial O +depression O +may O +occur O +with O +lidocaine B-Chemical +, O +phenytoin B-Chemical +or O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +pharmacology O +of O +the O +new O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adrenergic I-Chemical +blocking I-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +pharmacology O +of O +the O +new O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adrenergic I-Chemical +blocking I-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +oxidase O +immunoenzymatic O +localization O +provides O +a O +simple O +way O +to O +show O +antigens O +in O +mammalian O +tissues O +, O +with O +no O +need O +for O +the O +quenching O +of O +endogenous O +nonspecific O +staining O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +ATP O +- O +induced O +rise O +in O +chlorophyll O +fluorescence O +yield O +was O +found O +to O +be O +of O +similar O +magnitude O +as O +the O +rise O +induced O +by O +3 O +- O +( O +3 O +, O +4 O +- O +dichlorophenyl O +) O +- O +1 O +, O +1 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dimethyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +urea I-Chemical +( O +DCMU O +) O +, O +when O +both O +were O +measured O +with O +an O +extremely O +weak O +measuring O +beam O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +external O +alkalinisation O +delta O +pHe O +, O +or O +the O +rate O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +evolution O +vO2 O +, O +of O +a O +suspension O +of O +envelope O +- O +free O +chlorplasts O +was O +correlated O +with O +their O +internal O +acidification O +, O +estimated O +from O +the O +transmembrane O +delta O +pHei O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +function O +of O +the O +plastoquinone O +pool O +as O +a O +possible O +pump O +for O +vectorial O +hydrogen B-Chemical +( O +H O ++ O ++ O +e O +- O +) O +transport O +across O +the O +thylakoid O +membrane O +has O +been O +investigated O +in O +isolated O +spinach O +chloroplasts O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +differences O +between O +this O +hydrogen B-Chemical +pump O +of O +chloroplasts O +and O +the O +proton O +pump O +of O +Halobacteria O +are O +outlined O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +change O +in O +fluorescence O +intensity O +can O +be O +detected O +when O +glucose B-Chemical +is O +added O +to O +dicyclohexylcarbodiimide O +treated O +organisms O +. O + +aps B-category +Intestinal O +transport O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +folate B-Chemical +was O +studied O +using O +everted O +sacs O +of O +rat O +jejunum O +. O + +aps B-category +Chromatographic O +analysis O +of O +folate B-Chemical +compounds O +in O +the O +serosal O +compartment O +after O +a O +60 O +min O +incubation O +with O +folate B-Chemical +in O +the O +mucosal O +medium O +in O +sodium B-Chemical +phosohate O +buffer O +indicated O +that O +metabolism O +of O +folate B-Chemical +to O +5 O +- O +methyltetrahydrofolate O +was O +extensive O +at O +pH O +6 O +. O +0 O +and O +negligible O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +indicate O +that O +folate B-Chemical +transport O +in O +rat O +jejunum O +occurs O +by O +an O +energy O +- O +dependent O +, O +carried O +- O +mediated O +system O +and O +that O +both O +folate B-Chemical +transport O +and O +intestinal O +conversion O +of O +folate B-Chemical +to O +5 O +- O +methyltetrahydrofolate O +are O +pH O +- O +dependent O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amount O +of O +bound O +phosphatidylserine B-Chemical +could O +be O +increased O +by O +incubating O +tRNA O +from O +B O +. O +licheniformis O +or O +Escherichia O +coli O +with O +CTP O +and O +phosphatidic O +acid O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +an O +S O +- O +30 O +extract O +from O +either O +organism O +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetics O +, O +and O +the O +effect O +of O +competitors O +as O +well O +as O +of O +specific O +inhibitors O +show O +this O +enzyme O +to O +be O +identical O +to O +the O +well O +- O +known O +kidney O +gamma O +- O +glutamyltranspeptidase O +( O +( O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +) O +- O +peptide O +: O +amino B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +gamma O +- O +glutamyltransferase O +, O +EC O +2 O +. O +3 O +. O +2 O +. O +2 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +may O +be O +related O +to O +the O +low O +oleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +to O +stearic O +acid O +ratios O +found O +in O +brains O +of O +phenylketonuric O +persons O +and O +experimentally O +phenylketonuric O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +430 O +nm O +band O +intensity O +increases O +as O +the O +proportion O +of O +low O +spin O +iron B-Chemical +increases O +, O +reaching O +a O +maximum O +with O +the O +cyanide O +complex O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +enzymes O +are O +autolytic O +when O +active O +and O +are O +inhibited O +by O +p O +- O +chloromercuribenzoate O +, O +iodoacetic O +acid O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +tetrathionate O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +are O +notable O +differences O +in O +their O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +compositions O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +dependence O +of O +the O +circular O +dichroism O +spectra O +indicates O +that O +the O +conformation O +of O +[ O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +aminoazelaic O +acid O +] O +oxytocin B-Chemical +is O +different O +from O +those O +of O +others O +and O +the O +temperature O +dependency O +reveals O +that O +the O +conformation O +of O +[ O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +aminopimelic O +acid O +] O +oxytocin B-Chemical +is O +most O +rigid O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +preparation O +was O +judged O +to O +be O +homogeneous O +by O +non O +- O +denaturing O +electrophoresis O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +5 O +and O +denaturing O +electrophoresis O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +lead B-Chemical +to O +the O +conclusion O +that O +strains O +of O +zooxanthellae O +differ O +in O +their O +ability O +to O +enhance O +growth O +of O +Aiptasia O +polyps O +under O +the O +experimental O +conditions O +and O +that O +these O +differences O +may O +have O +important O +ecological O +consequences O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +method O +for O +the O +preparation O +of O +a O +homogenous O +catalytic O +subunit O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +- O +dependent O +protein O +kinase O +from O +pigeon O +breast O +muscle O +was O +developed O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Conversely O +, O +all O +the O +H2 O +- O +agonists O +showed O +activity O +in O +the O +order O +of O +potency O +: O +N O +' O +- O +methylhistamine O +greater O +than O +histamine B-Chemical +greater O +than O +N O +' O +- O +N O +' O +- O +dimethylhistamine O +greater O +than O +5 O +- O +methylhistamine O +greater O +than O +5 O +- O +methyl O +- O +N O +' O +- O +methylhistamine O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Two O +experiments O +were O +carried O +out O +to O +determine O +whether O +administration O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +to O +biotin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deficient I-Chemical +chicks O +induced O +fatty O +liver O +and O +kidney O +syndrome O +( O +FLKS O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +biotin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deficient I-Chemical +chicks O +did O +not O +show O +physical O +symptoms O +of O +deficiency O +although O +mean O +liver O +biotin B-Chemical +concentrations O +were O +low O +( O +0 O +. O +31 O +microgram O +/ O +g O +liver O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +method O +is O +described O +for O +determination O +of O +the O +titratable O +hydroxide O +ion O +in O +calcium B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +precipitates O +. 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O + +aps B-category +denitrificans O +possesses O +three O +sites O +of O +energy O +conservation O +, O +including O +site O +III O +, O +( O +b O +) O +the O +number O +of O +protons O +ejected O +during O +the O +transfer O +of O +one O +pair O +of O +reducing O +equivalents O +along O +a O +region O +of O +the O +electron O +transport O +chain O +equivalent O +to O +a O +single O +energy O +- O +coupling O +site O +is O +3 O +, O +and O +( O +c O +) O +that O +sulphate O +limitation O +does O +not O +lead B-Chemical +to O +a O +loss O +of O +proton O +translocation O +associated O +with O +the O +cytochrome O +- O +independent O +region O +of O +the O +respiratory O +chain O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +quantitative O +transfer O +of O +tritium O +from O +1 O +, O +4 O +- O +[ O +4 O +- O +3H O +] O +NADPH B-Chemical +to O +UDP O +- O +N O +- O +acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine O +to O +form O +UDP O +- O +N O +- O +E13H O +] O +acetylmuramic O +acid O +was O +also O +observed O +, O +which O +clearly O +shows O +that O +the O +enzyme O +is O +not O +a O +flavoprotein O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +nitrilotriacetic O +acid O +on O +solubilities O +of O +zinc B-Chemical +, O +copper B-Chemical +, O +manganese O +, O +and O +iron B-Chemical +in O +the O +stomach O +of O +sheep O +. O + +aps B-category +Higher O +concentration O +of O +soluble O +zinc B-Chemical +, O +manganese O +, O +and O +iron B-Chemical +but O +not O +copper B-Chemical +, O +were O +found O +in O +the O +rumen O +of O +the O +sheep O +when O +they O +were O +dosed O +with O +nitrilotriacetic O +acid O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +demonstrated O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +cysteine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +independent I-Chemical +inactivating O +system O +for O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +in O +hepatomas O +5123C O +( O +adrenalectomized O +) O +, O +7800 O +, O +8999 O +, O +and O +9121 O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +cysteine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +inactivating O +system O +for O +the O +enzyme O +was O +present O +in O +all O +host O +livers O +and O +hepatomas O +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +properties O +of O +uridine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytidine I-Chemical +kinase O +from O +a O +human O +malignant O +lymphoma O +. O + +aps B-category +High O +- O +pressure O +liquid O +chromatographic O +analysis O +showed O +much O +greater O +formation O +of O +dihydrodiols O +, O +quinones O +, O +and O +phenols B-Chemical +by O +microsomes O +from O +smokers O +. 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O +67 O +times O +that O +of O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +An O +analytical O +study O +of O +2 O +- O +ethylamino O +- O +1 O +- O +/ O +3 O +- O +trifluormethylphenyl O +/ O +- O +propane O +( O +chloride B-Chemical +fenfluramine B-Chemical +; O +chloride B-Chemical +trifluethamine O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzymatic O +digests O +of O +succinyl O +- O +globin O +contain O +new O +free O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +groups O +reacting O +with O +ninhydrin O +. O + +aps B-category +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +chromatography O +( O +pH O +7 O +. O +0 O +) O +of O +human O +heart O +extracts O +revealed O +the O +presence O +of O +three O +creatine B-Chemical +kinase O +isoenzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +looked O +for O +variables O +that O +could O +serve O +as O +indexes O +of O +alcohol B-Chemical +consumption O +. 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O +14 O +) O +and O +peripheral O +( O +branch O +of O +saphenous O +8 O +. O +14 O +) O +arteries O +. O + +aps B-category +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Prazosin I-Chemical +binding O +to O +membranes O +from O +rat O +brain O +is O +saturable O +, O +Bmax O +, O +77 O +fmol O +/ O +mg O +protein O +, O +of O +high O +affinity O +, O +KD O +, O +0 O +. O +28 O +nM O +and O +with O +a O +drug O +specificity O +indicating O +that O +it O +labels O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +mercuric O +chloride B-Chemical +on O +renal O +brush O +border O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Conditions O +for O +isolating O +tricresyl O +phosphate B-Chemical +( O +TCF O +) O +from O +cadaveric O +material O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Characterization O +of O +solubilized O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptors O +from O +dog O +striatum O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibition O +of O +sterol B-Chemical +synthesis O +by O +anesthetics O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +diffuse O +neuroendocrine O +system O +is O +constituted O +by O +the O +cells O +, O +now O +more O +than O +40 O +in O +number O +, O +of O +the O +central O +and O +peripheral O +divisions O +of O +the O +amine B-Chemical +precursor O +uptake O +and O +decarboxylation O +( O +APUD O +) O +series O +. O + +aps B-category +Alpha O +- O +- O +adrenoreceptor O +blocking O +agents O +phentolamine B-Chemical +and O +dibenzyline O +abolished O +the O +inhibitory O +action O +of O +the O +native O +forms O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +( O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +, O +epinephrine B-Chemical +, O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +) O +on O +the O +enzymatic O +activity O +under O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +obtained O +indicate O +the O +existence O +of O +alpha O +- O +- O +type O +adrenoreceptors O +in O +the O +brain O +mitochondria O +which O +can O +be O +responsible O +for O +the O +regulatory O +influences O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +on O +functional O +activity O +of O +mitochondria O +. O + +aps B-category +Physical O +and O +serological O +comparison O +and O +hybridization O +of O +isozymes O +of O +creatine B-Chemical +kinase O +from O +primates O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +long O +- O +term O +clinical O +effects O +of O +pipotiazine O +palmitate O +were O +tested O +in O +206 O +men O +and O +women O +who O +were O +either O +not O +responding O +well O +to O +their O +previous O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +therapy O +or O +who O +were O +negligent O +about O +pursuing O +protracted O +oral O +drug O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +doses O +were O +somewhat O +lower O +than O +those O +usually O +reported O +in O +the O +literature O +, O +however O +all O +but O +a O +few O +patients O +received O +oral O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +or O +antidepressants B-Chemical +concomitantly O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +corticosterone B-Chemical +levels O +were O +increased O +after O +injection O +of O +methiothepin O +, O +methysergide B-Chemical +, O +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HTP I-Chemical +) O +, O +but O +were O +not O +changed O +by O +cholinergic O +, O +adrenergic O +, O +and O +dopaminergic O +compounds O +. O + +aps B-category +Afunctional O +relationship O +between O +plasma O +corticosterone B-Chemical +and O +serotonin B-Chemical +receptors O +has O +been O +demonstrated O +in O +the O +3 O +- O +day O +- O +old O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Interaction O +between O +acute O +gastric O +ulcer O +and O +epinephrine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +mucosal O +erosions O +in O +the O +rat O +: O +the O +significance O +of O +gastric O +acid O +secretion O +. O + +aps B-category +Gastric O +ulcer O +was O +induced O +by O +application O +of O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +to O +a O +limited O +area O +of O +the O +stomach O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stimulus O +- O +secretion O +coupling O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +insulin O +release O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dose O +- O +response O +curve O +resembled O +that O +characterising O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +secondary O +rise O +in O +45Ca O +efflux O +, O +displaying O +a O +sigmoidal O +pattern O +with O +a O +half O +- O +maximal O +value O +at O +glucose B-Chemical +7 O +. O +5 O +mmol O +/ O +l O +. O + +aps B-category +Except O +for O +the O +fall O +in O +ATP O +concentration O +and O +ATP O +/ O +ADP O +ratio O +found O +at O +very O +low O +glucose B-Chemical +concentrations O +( O +zero O +to O +1 O +. O +7 O +mmol O +/ O +l O +) O +no O +effect O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +( O +2 O +. O +8 O +- O +27 O +. O +8 O +mmol O +/ O +l O +) O +upon O +the O +steady O +- O +state O +concentration O +of O +adenine O +nucleotides O +was O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +no O +significant O +effect O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +upon O +intracellular O +pH O +was O +detected O +by O +the O +5 O +, O +5 O +- O +dimethyloxazolidine O +- O +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +dione O +method O +, O +the O +net O +release O +of O +H O ++ O +was O +markedly O +increased O +by O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +with O +a O +hyperbolic O +dose O +- O +response O +curve O +( O +half O +- O +maximal O +response O +at O +glucose B-Chemical +2 O +. O +9 O +mmol O +/ O +l O +) O +similar O +to O +that O +characterising O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +initial O +fall O +in O +45Ca O +efflux O +. O + +aps B-category +Electron O +microscopic O +radioautographic O +identification O +of O +the O +ECL O +cell O +as O +the O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +synthesizing I-Chemical +endocrine O +cell O +in O +the O +rat O +stomach O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +recent O +study O +, O +however O +, O +we O +demonstrated O +that O +the O +ECL O +but O +not O +the O +A O +- O +like O +cell O +exhibited O +APUD O +ability O +when O +rat O +gastric O +mucosa O +was O +incubated O +with O +H3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HTP I-Chemical +and O +studied O +by O +EM O +radioautography O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +labeling O +of O +ECL O +cells O +was O +only O +modestly O +reduced O +by O +cycloheximide B-Chemical +, O +an O +inhibitor O +of O +protein O +synthesis O +, O +whereas O +the O +labeling O +of O +A O +- O +like O +and O +other O +endocrine O +cells O +was O +almost O +abolished O +. O + +aps B-category +Incubations O +with O +H3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +histamine I-Chemical +( O +50 O +muCi O +, O +0 O +. O +9 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +failed O +to O +label O +endocrine O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Prifinium O +bromide B-Chemical +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +the O +irritable O +colon O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +Insulin O +secretion O +from O +the O +in O +situ O +perfused O +pancreas O +of O +the O +European O +silver B-Chemical +eel O +, O +Anguilla O +anguilla O +L O +. O + +aps B-category +Optimization O +of O +the O +conditions O +for O +hepatocyte O +culture O +was O +monitored O +by O +[ O +3H O +] O +thymidine B-Chemical +incorporation O +. O + +aps B-category +Exposure O +of O +H O +- O +4 O +- O +IIE O +- O +C3 O +rat O +hepatoma O +cell O +cultures O +to O +the O +synthetic O +glucocorticoid O +, O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +, O +results O +in O +an O +inhibition O +of O +cellular O +proliferation O +which O +is O +not O +the O +result O +of O +steroid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +cytolysis O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +comparison O +of O +the O +karyotypes O +of O +unselected O +and O +resistant O +cultures O +shows O +that O +the O +selection O +process O +enriches O +for O +a O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +subpopulation O +. O + +aps B-category +Kidney O +function O +and O +morphology O +, O +systolic O +blood O +pressure O +, O +hematocrit O +, O +serum O +electrolytes O +, O +creatinine B-Chemical +and O +urea B-Chemical +were O +studied O +as O +different O +times O +of O +recirculation O +. O + +aps B-category +Much O +of O +the O +activation O +with O +capsular O +polysaccharides O +was O +eliminated O +by O +the O +use O +of O +ethyleneglycol O +- O +bis O +( O +beta O +- O +aminoethyl O +ether B-Chemical +) O +- O +N O +, O +N O +' O +- O +tetraacetic O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +Modification O +of O +antibody O +response O +to O +type O +III O +pneumopolysaccharide O +by O +route O +of O +injection O +of O +pertussis B-Chemical +vaccine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +superoxide B-Chemical +production O +of O +BCG O +- O +infected O +and O +noninfected O +alveolar O +macrophages O +was O +measured O +by O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +- O +inhibitable O +nitro O +blue O +tetrazolium O +reduction O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +production O +of O +superoxide B-Chemical +in O +alveolar O +macrophages O +exposed O +to O +pulmonary O +washings O +was O +increased O +and O +not O +appreciably O +influenced O +by O +BCG O +infection O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +now O +present O +evidence O +that O +enhanced O +production O +of O +superoxide B-Chemical +contributes O +to O +such O +inhibition O +, O +especially O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +catalase O +at O +acid O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +protease O +preparation O +had O +a O +280 O +/ O +260 O +nm O +absorbance O +ratio O +of O +1 O +. O +8 O +, O +was O +free O +of O +detectable O +amounts O +of O +endotoxin O +, O +carbohydrate O +, O +phosphorus B-Chemical +, O +and O +other O +known O +extracellular O +enzymes O +of O +S O +. O +marcescens O +, O +and O +was O +homogeneous O +by O +Ouchterlony O +double O +immunodiffusion O +and O +Grabar O +- O +Williams O +immunoelectrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +contained O +a O +high O +percentage O +of O +acidic O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +no O +cysteine B-Chemical +, O +and O +1 O +g O +- O +atom O +of O +Zn O +( O +2 O ++ O +) O +and O +7 O +g O +- O +atoms O +of O +Ca O +( O +2 O ++ O +) O +per O +mol O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +previously O +shown O +that O +the O +transitional O +cells O +lining O +the O +urinary O +bladder O +are O +capable O +of O +producing O +glycosaminoglycan B-Chemical +( O +GAG O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +analyzed O +in O +depth O +the O +manner O +by O +which O +heparin B-Chemical +prevents O +the O +rise O +in O +adherence O +seen O +when O +the O +mucin O +is O +removed O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +corroborate O +our O +impression O +that O +the O +heparin B-Chemical +was O +coating O +the O +transitional O +cells O +, O +[ O +3H O +] O +heparin B-Chemical +was O +added O +to O +bladders O +after O +removal O +of O +mucin O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +hypothesis O +linking O +these O +three O +factors O +is O +presented O +: O +viz O +, O +that O +a O +major O +risk O +factor O +for O +testis O +cancer O +is O +a O +relative O +excess O +of O +certain O +hormones O +( O +in O +particular O +estrogen B-Chemical +) O +at O +the O +time O +of O +differentiation O +of O +the O +testes O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +the O +lytic O +effects O +of O +four O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +analogues O +in O +the O +chacma O +baboon O +( O +Papio O +ursinus O +ursinus O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Blood O +was O +then O +collected O +serially O +every O +3 O +h O +for O +three O +samples O +and O +again O +at O +24 O +, O +48 O +, O +and O +72 O +h O +to O +determine O +the O +continued O +effect O +of O +the O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +analogues O +on O +corpus O +luteum O +production O +of O +progesterone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +caffeine B-Chemical +and O +kallikrein O +on O +cryo O +- O +preserved O +human O +spermatozoa O +. O + +aps B-category +Ejaculated O +human O +spermatozoa O +show O +an O +increased O +motility O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +caffeine B-Chemical +, O +a O +phosphodiesterase O +inhibitor O +, O +and O +pancreatic O +kallikrein O +( O +EC O +3 O +. O +4 O +. O +21 O +. O +8 O +) O +, O +a O +kinin O +- O +producing O +proteinase O +. O + +aps B-category +Prolactin O +levels O +and O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +treatment O +of O +short O +luteal O +phase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +SEM O +) O +duration O +of O +luteal O +phase O +was O +9 O +. O +9 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +2 O +days O +in O +control O +cycles O +, O +and O +11 O +. O +7 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +5 O +and O +12 O +. O +2 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +3 O +days O +in O +two O +successive O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +cycles O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +results O +show O +that O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +may O +be O +effective O +even O +when O +no O +apparent O +indication O +for O +prolactin O +suppression O +can O +be O +demonstrated O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +forty O +cases O +Tamoxifen B-Chemical +was O +administered O +: O +the O +ovulation O +rate O +was O +95 O +% O +and O +the O +pregnancy O +rate O +was O +35 O +% O +, O +but O +the O +abortion O +rate O +was O +35 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +abortion O +in O +the O +131 O +pregnancies O +obtained O +was O +14 O +. O +68 O +% O +with O +Clomiphene O +; O +none O +with O +Cisclomiphene O +; O +11 O +. O +11 O +% O +with O +Cyclophenil O +, O +and O +35 O +. O +10 O +% O +with O +Tamoxifen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +testosterone B-Chemical +, O +androstenedione O +, O +and O +estradiol B-Chemical +17beta O +levels O +were O +measured O +in O +20 O +normal O +men O +and O +in O +20 O +patients O +with O +idiopathic O +oligospermia O +before O +and O +after O +iv O +hCG O +( O +5 O +, O +000 O +IU O +) O +and O +synthetic O +LH O +- O +RH O +( O +50 O +microgram O +) O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxygen O +binding O +of O +fetal O +and O +adult O +bovine O +hemoglobin O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +organic O +phosphates O +and O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +riboside O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +concluded O +that O +neither O +adult O +nor O +fetal O +bovine O +red O +cells O +contained O +an O +identifiable O +compound O +which O +affects O +the O +binding O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +to O +hemoglobin O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +distinct O +isoenzymes O +of O +acid O +phosphatase O +have O +been O +separated O +from O +extracts O +of O +m O +. O +gastrocnemius O +of O +normal O +and O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +E I-Chemical +deficient O +rabbits O +by O +gel O +filtration O +and O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +Isoenzyme O +III O +splits O +only O +4 O +- O +methylumbelliferyl O +phosphate B-Chemical +and O +the O +activity O +is O +not O +increased O +in O +the O +muscles O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +E I-Chemical +deficient O +rabbits O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +new O +broad O +- O +spectrum O +aminoglycoside B-Chemical +antibiotic O +complex O +, O +sporaricin O +. O + +aps B-category +Sporaricin O +A O +is O +highly O +active O +against O +Gram O +- O +positive O +and O +Gram O +- O +negative O +bacteria O +including O +aminoglycoside B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +strains O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purified O +antibiotic O +showed O +a O +resistance O +to O +heat O +, O +acid O +, O +alkali B-Chemical +and O +proteolytic O +enzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +Tetracycline O +accumulation O +by O +the O +phototrophic O +bacterium O +Rhodopseudomonas O +sphaeroides O +has O +been O +studied O +, O +using O +the O +fluorescence O +properties O +of O +the O +antibiotic O +and O +measuring O +uptake O +of O +[ O +7 O +- O +3H O +] O +tetracycline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +phosphate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +limited I-Chemical +growth O +kinetics O +of O +Rhodotorula O +rubra O +, O +a O +small O +yeast O +of O +marine O +origin O +, O +were O +examined O +by O +analysis O +of O +32P O +distributions O +in O +continuous O +cultures O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +Pi O +and O +phosphate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +containing I-Chemical +metabolic O +intermediates O +leaked O +from O +cells O +during O +growth O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +of O +Streptococcus O +sanguis O +recipient O +cells O +with O +rifampin B-Chemical +( O +RIF O +) O +at O +the O +time O +of O +deoxyribonucleic O +acid O +( O +DNA O +) O +addition O +was O +an O +effective O +means O +of O +reducing O +discrimination O +, O +that O +is O +, O +of O +causing O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +number O +of O +transformants O +induced O +by O +irreversibly O +bound O +heterospecific O +DNA O +without O +significantly O +changing O +the O +number O +induced O +by O +bound O +homospecific O +DNA O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +pili O +were O +resistant O +to O +the O +gentle O +Folin O +- O +Ciocalteau O +reagent O +methods O +for O +protein O +detection O +and O +were O +not O +readily O +solubilized O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduction O +of O +methionine B-Chemical +sulfoxide O +to O +methionine B-Chemical +by O +Escherichia O +coli O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +was O +verified O +by O +showing O +that O +a O +cell O +- O +free O +extract O +of O +E O +. O +coli O +catalyzes O +the O +conversion O +of O +methionine B-Chemical +sulfoxide O +to O +methionine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Soil O +sediment O +enrichment O +cultures O +yielded O +a O +coryneform O +bacterium O +capable O +of O +growing O +in O +a O +mineral O +salts O +solution O +with O +acetylene O +gas O +as O +its O +only O +source O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +and O +energy O +. O + +aps B-category +N O +. O +rhodochrous O +exhibits O +a O +growth O +factor O +requirement O +for O +the O +pyrimidine O +moiety O +of O +thiamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +particulate O +enzyme O +was O +inactivated O +by O +oxygen B-Chemical +and O +could O +be O +reactivated O +with O +dithionite O +or O +glucose B-Chemical +plus O +glucose B-Chemical +oxidase O +. O + +aps B-category +Hydrogenase O +activity O +was O +inhibited O +by O +p O +- O +hydroxymercuribenzoate O +, O +cyanide O +, O +chloroform B-Chemical +, O +and O +chloramphenicol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +addition O +of O +exogenous O +cyclic O +guanosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +( O +cGMP B-Chemical +) O +at O +a O +concentration O +of O +0 O +. O +1 O +mM O +to O +a O +free O +- O +living O +culture O +of O +Rhizobium O +japonicum O +3I1b110 O +was O +found O +to O +completely O +inhibit O +the O +expression O +of O +nitrogenase O +activity O +and O +markedly O +inhibit O +the O +expression O +of O +hydrogenase O +and O +nitrate B-Chemical +reductase O +activities O +. O + +aps B-category +Experiments O +on O +the O +in O +vivo O +incorporation O +of O +radioactive O +methionine B-Chemical +and O +subsequent O +analysis O +of O +the O +labeled O +proteins O +on O +polyacrylamide O +gels O +showed O +that O +the O +biosynthesis O +of O +nitrogenase O +polypeptides O +was O +inhibited O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +intracellular O +level O +of O +cGMP B-Chemical +was O +found O +to O +respond O +to O +physiological O +changes O +in O +the O +cell O +, O +and O +there O +was O +a O +fall O +in O +cGMP B-Chemical +concentrations O +when O +nitrogenase O +was O +induced O +. O + +aps B-category +Immunochemical O +characterization O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +from O +Neurospora O +crassa O +glutamine B-Chemical +auxotrophs O +. O + +aps B-category +Previous O +genetic O +studies O +indicated O +that O +the O +mutations O +responsible O +for O +the O +glutamine B-Chemical +auxotrophy O +are O +allelic O +and O +map O +in O +chromosome O +V O +. O +When O +measured O +in O +crude O +extracts O +, O +both O +mutant O +strains O +had O +lower O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +specific O +activity O +than O +that O +found O +in O +the O +wild O +- O +type O +strain O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +the O +monomer O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +of O +both O +mutants O +was O +found O +to O +be O +of O +a O +molecular O +weight O +similar O +to O +that O +of O +the O +wild O +- O +type O +strain O +. O + +aps B-category +Organization O +and O +transfer O +of O +heterologous O +chloramphenicol B-Chemical +and O +tetracycline B-Chemical +resistance O +genes O +in O +pneumococcus O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +transforming O +activity O +of O +cat O +was O +relatively O +stable O +. O + +aps B-category +Mechanisms O +of O +Li O ++ O +stimulation O +of O +proline O +transport O +were O +studied O +in O +cells O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +7 O +and O +NR70 O +, O +a O +mutant O +of O +strain O +7 O +lacking O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphatase O +( O +EC O +3 O +. O +6 O +. O +1 O +. O +3 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Inactivation O +of O +the O +nicotinamide B-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +dinucleotide I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +from O +Saccharomyces O +cerevisiae O +during O +carbon B-Chemical +starvation O +occurs O +with O +a O +simultaneous O +loss O +of O +enzyme O +protein O +and O +enzyme O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Nicotinamide O +adenine O +dinucleotide O +phosphate B-Chemical +( O +reduced O +form O +) O +- B-Chemical +nitrate I-Chemical +reductase O +was O +freed O +from O +ammonium B-Chemical +repression O +in O +a O +Neurospora O +crassa O +mutant O +having O +drastically O +lowered O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +activity O +, O +gln O +- O +1a O +. O + +aps B-category +Adenosine B-Chemical +2 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +diphosphate O +( O +2 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +ADP O +) O +also O +has O +a O +protective O +effect O +, O +but O +to O +a O +lesser O +extent O +. O + +aps B-category +Binding O +aspects O +and O +spectral O +properties O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +and O +riboflavin B-Chemical +binding O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dimer O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +has O +a O +higher O +affinity O +for O +di O +- O +substituted O +benzoate O +derivatives O +than O +the O +monomer O +. O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +/ O +proton O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +/ O +proton O +antiport O +systems O +in O +Escherichia O +coli O +. O + +aps B-category +NAD O +- O +linked O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogeanse O +[ O +EC O +1 O +. O +4 O +. O +1 O +. O +2 O +] O +was O +detected O +together O +with O +NADP O +- O +linked O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +[ O +EC O +1 O +. O +4 O +. O +1 O +. O +4 O +] O +and O +aspartase O +[ O +EC O +4 O +. O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +] O +in O +Pseudomonas O +fluorescens O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +glutamate B-Chemical +saturation O +profile O +of O +the O +NAD O +- O +linked O +enzyme O +exhibited O +cooperativity O +with O +a O +Hill O +coefficient O +( O +n O +) O +of O +1 O +. O +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +c O +( O +P O +- O +450 O +) O +reductase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +distributions O +of O +methylamine O +, O +trimethylamine O +, O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +trimethylacetic O +acid O +give O +calculated O +transmembrane O +pH O +gradients O +( O +pHe O +- O +pHi O +) O +for O +erythrocytes O +of O +between O +0 O +. O +14 O +- O +0 O +. O +21 O +for O +extracellular O +pH O +values O +of O +7 O +. O +28 O +- O +7 O +. O +16 O +. O + +aps B-category +Distributions O +of O +TPMP O +, O +SCN O +and O +potassium B-Chemical +ions O +were O +also O +determined O +for O +lymphocyte O +suspensions O +as O +a O +function O +of O +extracellular O +potassium B-Chemical +and O +the O +calculated O +Nernst O +potentials O +for O +TPMP O +and O +SCN O +compared O +to O +the O +calculated O +potassium B-Chemical +diffusion O +potential O +. O + +aps B-category +Oral O +administration O +to O +six O +normal O +male O +volunteers O +of O +an O +alpha O +- O +adrenoceptor O +agonist O +, O +guanfacine O +( O +4 O +mg O +daily O +for O +4 O +days O +) O +had O +no O +significant O +effect O +on O +ACTH B-Chemical +release O +induced O +by O +metyrapone O +( O +a O +single O +oral O +1 O +- O +g O +dose O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +concept O +of O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +control O +of O +ACTH B-Chemical +secretion O +in O +man O +is O +in O +agreement O +with O +some O +experimental O +in O +vivo O +and O +in O +vitro O +data O +recorded O +in O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +Role O +of O +renal O +prostaglandins B-Chemical +in O +sympathetically O +mediated O +renin O +relase O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Indomethacin B-Chemical +( O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +suppressed O +urinary O +PGE B-Chemical +( I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +) I-Chemical +and O +PGF O +( O +2alpha O +) O +excretion O +by O +89 O +and O +74 O +% O +, O +respectively O +, O +arachidonate O +hypotension O +by O +82 O +% O +, O +and O +inhibited O +the O +elevated O +renin O +levels O +from O +hydralazine B-Chemical +by O +100 O +% O +without O +altering O +the O +hypotensive O +effect O +of O +the O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +Isoproterenol B-Chemical +, O +a O +nonselective O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +agonist O +, O +increased O +heart O +rate O +, O +lowered O +blood O +pressure O +, O +and O +also O +stimulated O +the O +release O +of O +renin O +when O +administered O +intraperitoneally O +. O + +aps B-category +H133 O +/ O +22 O +- O +induced O +renin O +release O +was O +inhibited O +by O +80 O +% O +by O +indomethacin B-Chemical +pretreatment O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +the O +concentrations O +of O +chloride B-Chemical +and O +total O +CO2 O +were O +compared O +in O +the O +stellate O +vessel O +. O + +aps B-category +Enzyme O +kinetic O +characterization O +of O +these O +two O +membrane O +fractions O +showed O +they O +had O +identical O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +specificities O +, O +pH O +, O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +effects O +, O +and O +similar O +apparent O +Michaelis O +constants O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +following O +media O +have O +been O +used O +: O +distilled O +H2O O +, O +Krebs B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bicarbonate I-Chemical +Ringer O +solution O +, O +HCl O +0 O +, O +01 O +N O +and O +NaCl B-Chemical +1 O +M O +/ O +l O +. O + +aps B-category +Optimal O +results O +were O +obtained O +with O +0 O +. O +1 O +M O +citrate B-Chemical +buffer O +at O +pH O +3 O +. O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +Lipoprotein O +lipase O +activity O +was O +characterized O +with O +this O +substrate O +by O +previously O +established O +criteria O +including O +an O +alkaline O +pH O +optimum O +, O +increased O +activity O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +and O +heat O +- O +inactivated O +plasma O +, O +and O +reduced O +activity O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +NaCl B-Chemical +and O +protamine B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Intact O +microvessels O +, O +when O +incubated O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +, O +release O +lipoprotein O +lipase O +into O +the O +incubation O +solution O +. O + +aps B-category +Continuous O +monitoring O +of O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +release O +from O +adipocytes O +by O +pH O +- O +stat O +titration O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +a O +pH O +- O +stat O +apparatus O +the O +protons O +from O +the O +released O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +are O +continuously O +titrated O +and O +the O +accumulated O +amount O +of O +OH O +- O +added O +is O +monitored O +on O +a O +recorder O +against O +time O +, O +the O +slope O +thus O +indicating O +the O +rate O +of O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +release O +. O + +aps B-category +Symposium O +on O +aldosterone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Formation O +of O +iodophilic O +polysaccharide O +( O +IPS O +) O +from O +glucose B-Chemical +was O +demonstrated O +in O +27 O +strains O +of O +Bacteroides O +fragilis O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +glucose B-Chemical +was O +in O +short O +supply O +the O +cellular O +polysaccharide O +was O +degraded O +rapidly O +at O +pH O +4 O +. O +5 O +to O +6 O +. O +5 O +and O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +accumulated O +in O +the O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +guinea O +- O +pig O +brain O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +by O +catechols O +and O +biopterin O +. O + +aps B-category +Relative O +activities O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +and O +glutaminase O +in O +mammalian O +synaptosomes O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +lowering O +of O +pH O +was O +prevented O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +NaOH B-Chemical +, O +no O +inhibition O +was O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +in O +the O +mixed O +cultures O +with O +E O +. O +coli O +, O +B O +. O +bifidum O +grew O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +its O +essential O +vitamins O +, O +riboflavin B-Chemical +and O +pantetheine O +and O +, O +furthermore O +, O +aerobically O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mixing O +processes O +taking O +place O +in O +a O +two O +component O +system O +involving O +a O +cohesive O +drug O +, O +tetracycline B-Chemical +and O +a O +direct O +compression O +vehicle O +, O +spray O +dried O +lactose O +( O +SDL O +) O +, O +have O +been O +studied O +by O +chemical O +analysis O +of O +powder O +samples O +and O +fluorescence O +microscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +liberation O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +by O +high O +concentrations O +of O +anionic O +surfactants O +suggested O +that O +some O +disruption O +of O +the O +mucosal O +membrane O +occurred O +under O +those O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +initial O +uptake O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +( O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +) O +showed O +linearity O +for O +short O +time O +intervals O +in O +normal O +and O +reserpinized O +blood O +platelets O +of O +guinea O +- O +pigs O +, O +but O +was O +lower O +in O +reserpinized O +platelets O +. O + +aps B-category +Imipramine B-Chemical +and O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +caused O +the O +same O +percentage O +inhibition O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +uptake O +in O +normal O +and O +reserpinized O +platelets O +; O +the O +reserpine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +like I-Chemical +compound O +Ro O +4 O +- O +1284 O +inhibited O +the O +uptake O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +in O +the O +normal O +, O +but O +not O +markedly O +in O +the O +reserpinized O +platelets O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +( O +a O +) O +the O +Km O +of O +the O +initial O +uptake O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +by O +platelets O +is O +probably O +determined O +by O +the O +mechanism O +at O +the O +plasma O +membrane O +, O +whereas O +Vmax O +may O +be O +codetermined O +by O +the O +intracellular O +storage O +capacity O +, O +( O +b O +) O +platelets O +are O +models O +for O +differentiating O +the O +site O +of O +action O +( O +plasma O +membrane O +or O +storage O +organelles O +) O +of O +drugs O +interfering O +with O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +uptake O +, O +and O +( O +c O +) O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +and O +reserpine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +like I-Chemical +compounds O +may O +either O +act O +selectively O +on O +the O +plasma O +membrane O +or O +on O +the O +intracellular O +storage O +organelles O +, O +or O +affect O +both O +of O +these O +subcellular O +sites O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +effectiveness O +of O +pyridostigmine O +pretreatment O +against O +soman B-Chemical +poisoning O +has O +been O +determined O +in O +rhesus O +monkeys O +and O +marmosets O +receiving O +atropine B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Corticosterone O +( O +3 O +- O +- O +12 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +, O +i O +. O +p O +. O +, O +giving O +rise O +to O +plasma O +corticosterone B-Chemical +concentrations O +from O +26 O +. O +7 O +to O +89 O +. O +0 O +micrograms O +/ O +100 O +ml O +) O +failed O +to O +have O +a O +significant O +anxiogenic O +action O +. O + +aps B-category +Adrenalectomized O +rats O +had O +very O +low O +levels O +of O +social O +interaction O +; O +but O +adrenalectomized O +rats O +that O +had O +been O +given O +replacement O +corticosterone B-Chemical +therapy O +did O +not O +differ O +from O +the O +sham O +- O +operated O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +Muscimol O +and O +related O +GABA B-Chemical +receptor O +agonists O +: O +the O +potency O +of O +GABAergic O +drugs O +in O +vivo O +determined O +after O +intranigral O +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +indicated O +that O +the O +turning O +behaviour O +was O +induced O +stereospecifically O +and O +was O +selectively O +antagonized O +by O +the O +GABA B-Chemical +antagonist O +bicuculline B-Chemical +methochloride O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +GABA B-Chemical +agonists O +trans O +- O +aminocrotonic O +acid O +and O +3 O +- O +aminopropanesulphonic O +acid O +were O +much O +weaker O +than O +expected O +from O +in O +vitro O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +GABA B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +transaminase I-Chemical +inhibitor O +gamma O +- O +acetylenic O +GABA B-Chemical +showed O +delayed O +effects O +compared O +with O +the O +agonists O +which O +acted O +immediately O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparative O +metabolism O +of O +codeine B-Chemical +in O +man O +, O +rat O +, O +dog O +, O +guinea O +- O +pig O +and O +rabbit O +: O +identification O +of O +four O +new O +metabolites O +. O + +aps B-category +Concentrations O +of O +codeine B-Chemical +and O +metabolites O +were O +measured O +by O +selected O +ion O +monitoring O +. O + +aps B-category +Hypothermic O +effects O +of O +apomorphine B-Chemical +homologues O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +agent O +haloperidol B-Chemical +blocked O +the O +hypothermia O +produced O +by O +these O +apomorphines O +but O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +p I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +failed O +to O +do O +so O +. O + +aps B-category +Methysergide O +potentiated O +the O +hypothermic O +effect O +of O +the O +apomorphine B-Chemical +analogues O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +cis O +- O +2 O +- O +[ O +3 O +- O +( O +p O +- O +fluorobenzoyl O +) O +propyl O +] O +analogue O +( O +5k O +) O +of O +carbidine O +( O +1 O +) O +possessed O +not O +only O +thymoleptic O +- O +like O +biological O +activity O +but O +had O +more O +potent O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +activity O +than O +the O +parent O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +novel O +class O +of O +potential O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +Antidepressant B-Chemical +activity O +was O +examined O +using O +inhibition O +of O +tetrabenazine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +depression O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +1 O +- O +[ O +( O +4 O +- O +Hydroxyphenethyl O +) O +amino B-Chemical +] O +- O +3 O +- O +( O +aryloxy O +) O +propan O +- O +2 O +- O +ols O +. 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O + +aps B-category +To O +assess O +the O +possible O +role O +of O +amine B-Chemical +neurotransmitters O +in O +human O +epilepsy O +, O +we O +measured O +metabolites O +of O +serotonin B-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +[ O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HIAA I-Chemical +] O +) O +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +( O +homovanillic O +acid O +[ O +HVA O +] O +) O +, O +and O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +( O +3 O +- O +methoxy O +- O +4 O +- O +hydroxyphenylethylene O +glycol O +[ O +MHPG B-Chemical +] O +) O +in O +the O +lumbar O +cerebrospinal O +fluid O +( O +CSF O +) O +of O +patients O +with O +partial O +complex O +seizures O +and O +in O +neurologic O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +Mean O +MHPG B-Chemical +concentrations O +were O +similar O +in O +patients O +and O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Treatment O +of O +severe O +arterial O +hypertension O +with O +propyldazine O +( O +ISF O +2123 O +) O +associated O +with O +a O +diuretic B-Chemical +and O +a O +beta O +- O +blocking O +agent O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +new O +therapeutic O +concept O +of O +using O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +H2 I-Chemical +receptor O +antagonists O +for O +treating O +patients O +with O +Zollinger O +- O +Ellison O +syndrome O +is O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Whereas O +the O +metabolisms O +of O +[ O +14C O +] O +pyruvate B-Chemical +and O +[ O +14C O +] O +mevalonate O +are O +identical O +in O +all O +media O +tested O +, O +the O +incorporation O +of O +[ O +14C O +] O +acetate O +is O +higher O +in O +medium O +with O +dialyzed O +serum O +than O +in O +medium O +with O +delipidized O +serum O +; O +it O +is O +suppressed O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +all O +lipids O +in O +culture O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Competitive O +effect O +of O +2 O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +: O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +and O +diazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Renal O +graft O +recipients O +: O +acidification O +with O +ammonium B-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +E O +. O +coli O +85 O +cells O +with O +a O +high O +aspartate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ammonia I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lyase I-Chemical +activity O +were O +immobilized O +through O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +incorporation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +synthesis O +of O +L O +- O +aspartic O +acid O +from O +ammonium B-Chemical +fumarate O +had O +the O +following O +characteristics O +: O +specific O +activity O +of O +( O +4 O +- O +- O +6 O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Intracellular O +potassium B-Chemical +ion O +activities O +( O +aiK O ++ O +) O +and O +membrane O +potentials O +were O +measured O +with O +double O +- O +barrelled O +, O +potassium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +specific I-Chemical +microelectrodes O +in O +superfused O +mouse O +pancreas O +and O +submandibular O +gland O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +indicates O +that O +bethanechol B-Chemical +increases O +the O +permeability O +of O +the O +cell O +membranes O +to O +potassium B-Chemical +ions O +in O +the O +submandibular O +gland O +but O +not O +in O +the O +pancreas O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +finding O +gives O +support O +to O +the O +view O +that O +the O +hyperpolarization O +is O +due O +to O +electrogenic O +sodium B-Chemical +pumping O +. 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O +2 O +) O +activity O +were O +determined O +in O +the O +contents O +and O +tissues O +of O +the O +various O +parts O +of O +the O +sheep O +and O +chicken O +digestive O +tract O +, O +GLDH O +activity O +in O +the O +tissues O +of O +the O +sheep O +omasum O +, O +duodenum O +, O +rumen O +, O +reticulum O +, O +colon O +, O +caecum O +, O +jejunum O +and O +ileum O +ranged O +from O +3 O +. O +25 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +7 O +U O +( O +mumol O +/ O +g O +dry O +weight O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hypothesis O +is O +confirmed O +that O +the O +different O +ability O +of O +ruminants O +and O +fowls O +to O +utilize O +ammonia B-Chemical +formed O +from O +urea B-Chemical +added O +to O +their O +feed O +, O +including O +ammonia B-Chemical +formed O +by O +hydrolysis O +of O +blood O +urea B-Chemical +, O +is O +due O +to O +the O +different O +GLDH O +and O +GS O +activity O +in O +their O +digestive O +tract O +as O +well O +as O +in O +their O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +reserpine B-Chemical +was O +studied O +for O +4 O +hours O +and O +the O +effect O +of O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +and O +dehydrobenzperidol O +for O +60 O +min O +after O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +article O +gives O +a O +definition O +and O +brief O +description O +of O +those O +possibilities O +of O +treatment O +which O +are O +important O +in O +the O +sociopsychiatric O +therapy O +of O +psychoses O +: O +sociotherapy O +, O +therapy O +with O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +, O +and O +psychotherapy O +as O +such O +, O +as O +well O +as O +their O +various O +combinations O +. O + +aps B-category +Method O +for O +evaluation O +of O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +dosage O +reduction O +. O + +aps B-category +Sixteen O +male O +students O +received O +bedtime O +placebo O +and O +flurazepam B-Chemical +30 O +mg O +at O +home O +in O +a O +counter O +- O +balanced O +double O +- O +blind O +, O +crossover O +design O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +bedtime O +dose O +of O +30 O +mg O +of O +flurazepam B-Chemical +appears O +to O +significantly O +reduce O +spontaneous O +human O +motility O +that O +night O +and O +during O +the O +next O +day O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +analgesia O +was O +absent O +in O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +OHDA I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +GABAergic O +and O +glycinergic O +mechanisms O +within O +the O +substantia O +nigra O +: O +pharmacological O +specificity O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +independent I-Chemical +contralateral O +turning O +behavior O +and O +interactions O +with O +other O +neurotransmitters O +. 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O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +suggest O +specificity O +of O +GABA B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +agonist I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +contralateral O +turning O +and O +indicate O +an O +interaction O +between O +nigral O +GABA B-Chemical +and O +other O +neurotransmitters O +, O +particularly O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dependence O +of O +the O +development O +of O +a O +nonspecific O +cellular O +reaction O +on O +the O +conditions O +of O +cysteamine O +and O +caffeine B-Chemical +benzoate O +exposure O +and O +its O +explanation O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +dehydrogenase O +activity O +of O +xanthine B-Chemical +oxidase O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Bovine O +liver O +xanthine B-Chemical +oxidase O +and O +chicken O +liver O +xanthine B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +with O +oxygen B-Chemical +as O +electron O +acceptor O +exhibit O +similar O +profile O +in O +pKM O +and O +log O +V O +versus O +pH O +plots O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +NAD O ++ O +alters O +the O +enzymatic O +action O +since O +its O +binding O +to O +the O +enzyme O +antecedes O +the O +binding O +of O +xanthine B-Chemical +to O +the O +xanthine B-Chemical +oxidase O +molecule O +, O +without O +undergoing O +itself O +any O +modification O +. O + +aps B-category +DDT O +- O +induced O +myoclonus O +: O +serotonin B-Chemical +and O +alpha O +noradrenergic O +interaction O +. O + +aps B-category +Decreasing O +endogenous O +brain O +serotonin B-Chemical +by O +pretreatment O +with O +p O +- O +chlorophenylalanine O +( O +400 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +p O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +An O +in O +vitro O +rat O +liver O +microsomal O +system O +for O +conjugating O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +to O +11 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +delta I-Chemical +9 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tetrahydrocannabinol I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Influence O +of O +respiratory O +acidosis O +and O +alkalosis O +on O +volume O +of O +distribution O +of O +theophylline B-Chemical +in O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +serum O +half O +- O +lives O +of O +theophylline B-Chemical +varied O +widely O +, O +and O +acidemia O +prolonged O +the O +time O +required O +for O +distribution O +equilibration O +, O +the O +volumes O +of O +distribution O +were O +almost O +identical O +for O +each O +of O +the O +three O +experimental O +conditions O +assuming O +one O +compartment O +pharmacokinetics O +apply O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Autonomic O +agents O +used O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +ocular O +hypertension O +and O +glaucoma O +include O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +, O +a O +chilinergic O +agonist O +, O +epinephrine B-Chemical +, O +an O +adrenergic O +agonist O +, O +and O +various O +beta O +adrenergic O +blockers O +or O +antagonists O +including O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +atenolol B-Chemical +and O +timolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Data O +showing O +a O +significant O +reduction O +in O +intraocular O +pressure O +as O +a O +result O +of O +ocular O +instillation O +of O +timolol B-Chemical +are O +presented O +. O + +aps B-category +Work O +on O +timolol B-Chemical +at O +Wilmer O +began O +with O +a O +report O +from O +Radius O +, O +Diamond O +, O +Pollack O +and O +Langham O +covering O +experimental O +studies O +with O +rabbits O +and O +clinical O +studies O +of O +the O +drug O +' O +s O +ocular O +hypotensive O +effects O +on O +glaucoma O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +enthalpy O +of O +dissociation O +of O +H2O O +is O +high O +( O +approximately O +7 O +kcal O +/ O +mole O +) O +, O +its O +pH O +is O +temperature O +dependent O +( O +7 O +. O +0 O +at O +25 O +degrees O +C O +, O +7 O +. O +4 O +at O +20 O +degrees O +C O +) O +and O +hypothermia O +may O +in O +part O +protect O +by O +its O +influence O +on O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +anoxia O +versus O +circulatory O +arrest O +, O +brain O +temperature O +, O +and O +extracellular O +brain O +pH O +on O +NRL O +was O +studied O +in O +45 O +mongrel O +dogs O +, O +subjected O +to O +varying O +periods O +of O +N2 O +- O +induced O +anoxia O +on O +cardiopulmonary O +bypass O +( O +CPB O +) O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +or O +20 O +degrees O +C O +. O +In O +some O +studies O +jugular O +venous O +pH O +was O +adjusted O +by O +infusion O +of O +NaHCO3 B-Chemical +or O +HCl O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +investigation O +of O +the O +phenomenon O +of O +SPA O +revealed O +that O +: O +1 O +. O +it O +is O +associated O +with O +ADP O +- O +hyperaggregability O +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O +the O +threshold O +concentration O +to O +induce O +second O +wave O +aggregation O +is O +decreased O +; O +2 O +. O +it O +is O +dependant O +on O +the O +increase O +in O +pH O +which O +occurs O +in O +platelet O +- O +rich O +plasma O +stirring O +in O +an O +aggregometer O +while O +concurrent O +ADP O +- O +hyperaggregability O +is O +independant O +of O +this O +change O +in O +pH O +; O +3 O +. O +it O +is O +associated O +with O +malondialdehyde B-Chemical +production O +and O +the O +release O +of O +endogenous O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +; O +and O +that O +4 O +. O +in O +addition O +Km O +and O +Vmax O +values O +for O +[ O +14c O +] O +- O +5HT O +incorporation O +are O +normal O +; O +and O +that O +5 O +. 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O +5 O +% O +BSA O +( O +bovine O +serum O +albumin O +) O +, O +with O +or O +without O +Tris O +- O +EDTA O +, O +pH O +7 O +. O +4 O +) O +prior O +to O +evaluation O +of O +mitochondrial O +function O +in O +the O +assay O +medium O +( O +0 O +. O +25 O +M O +sucrose B-Chemical +, O +10 O +mM O +Tris O +- O +HCl O +, O +and O +10 O +mM O +inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +pH O +7 O +. O +4 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +severe O +mitochondrial O +functional O +impairment O +resulted O +from O +phosphate B-Chemical +or O +calcium B-Chemical +addition O +. O + +aps B-category +Patient O +sex O +, O +age O +, O +drug O +treatment O +received O +at O +test O +time O +, O +previous O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drug O +treatment O +, O +and O +severity O +of O +illness O +did O +not O +account O +for O +the O +differences O +. 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O + +aps B-category +1 O +Isolated O +ilea O +from O +guinea O +- O +pigs O +implanted O +with O +morphine B-Chemical +pellets O +were O +stimulated O +coaxially O +, O +either O +with O +or O +without O +morphine B-Chemical +present O +in O +the O +bath O +fluid O +, O +and O +the O +longitudinal O +contractions O +recorded O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +state O +of O +' O +withdrawal O +' O +was O +readily O +reversed O +by O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +levorphanol O +but O +not O +its O +inactive O +( O ++ O +) O +- O +isomer O +, O +dextrophan O +. O + +aps B-category +4 O +The O +inhibitory O +effects O +of O +adrenaline B-Chemical +and O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +diphosphate O +were O +reduced O +at O +low O +but O +not O +at O +high O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +absence O +of O +infection O +by O +urea B-Chemical +splitting O +organisms O +, O +estimation O +of O +urinary O +pH O +of O +hydroephrotic O +kidneys O +was O +found O +to O +be O +a O +reliable O +method O +for O +determination O +of O +recovery O +potential O +. O + +aps B-category +Phentolamine B-Chemical +( O +i O +. O +v O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +Risk O +factors O +in O +calcium B-Chemical +stone O +disease O +of O +the O +urinary O +tract O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +main O +risk O +factors O +involved O +are O +shown O +to O +be O +calcium B-Chemical +, O +oxalate O +, O +pH O +, O +acid O +mucopolysaccharides O +and O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Total O +[ O +3H O +] O +GABA B-Chemical +binding O +to O +cortical O +membranes O +was O +reduced O +67 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +total O +presynaptic O +markers O +for O +noradrenergic O +innervation O +were O +minimally O +altered O +but O +concentration O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +, O +[ O +3H O +] O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +synaptosomal O +uptake O +and O +endogenous O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +were O +increased O +by O +275 O +% O +, O +130 O +% O +and O +133 O +% O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +false O +transmitter O +for O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +5 O +- O +hydroxydopamine O +( O +5 O +- O +OHDA O +) O +, O +is O +localized O +to O +smooth O +endoplasmic O +reticulum O +or O +large O +vesicular O +structures O +which O +approach O +the O +dendritic O +surface O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +surface O +and O +subsurface O +structures O +stain O +preferentially O +for O +choline B-Chemical +acetyltransferase O +( O +CAT O +) O +, O +the O +synthesizing O +enzyme O +for O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Incubation O +of O +striatal O +synaptosomes O +under O +depolarizing O +conditions O +( O +veratridine B-Chemical +or O +KCl O +) O +increased O +the O +release O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +( O +DA O +) O +and O +produced O +a O +small O +increase O +in O +DA O +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +depolarization O +may O +increase O +DA O +synthesis O +by O +reducing O +the O +inhibition O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +by O +end O +- O +product O +. O + +aps B-category +Rotational O +behaviour O +can O +be O +induced O +in O +rats O +with O +unilateral O +kainic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +induced O +degeneration O +of O +the O +neostriatum O +and O +adjacent O +regions O +by O +means O +of O +dopaminergic O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Blockade O +of O +the O +rotations O +by O +a O +number O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptor O +antagonists O +indicates O +dopaminergic O +involvement O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +rotation O +data O +from O +experiments O +at O +intact O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptors O +with O +those O +from O +experiments O +at O +supersensitive O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptors O +revealed O +: O +( O +1 O +) O +A O +marked O +decrease O +of O +the O +threshold O +dose O +for O +induction O +of O +rotational O +behaviour O +in O +the O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +OHDA I-Chemical +lesioned O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +2 O +) O +A O +higher O +peak O +activity O +of O +rotations O +in O +rats O +with O +supersensitive O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +the O +present O +report O +suggests O +: O +( O +a O +) O +that O +a O +behavioural O +model O +for O +studies O +of O +drugs O +acting O +at O +intact O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptors O +can O +be O +obtained O +by O +unilateral O +neostriatal O +kainate B-Chemical +injections O +and O +( O +b O +) O +that O +development O +of O +dopaminergic O +supersensitivity O +involves O +increased O +affinity O +of O +the O +receptors O +for O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptor O +agonists O +and O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +coupling O +to O +its O +biological O +effector O +mechanism O +. O + +aps B-category +Peripheral O +sensory O +stimulation O +and O +the O +release O +of O +transmitter O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +vivo O +from O +specific O +regions O +of O +cerebral O +cortex O +. O + +aps B-category +Electrical O +stimulation O +of O +the O +brachial O +plexus O +contralateral O +to O +the O +superfusion O +cannula O +increased O +significantly O +the O +release O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +and O +glutamine B-Chemical +from O +the O +sensorimotor O +cortex O +of O +anaesthetized O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulation O +of O +the O +ipsilateral O +plexus O +had O +no O +effect O +on O +glutamate B-Chemical +and O +glutamine B-Chemical +release O +. O + +aps B-category +Weak O +photic O +stimulation O +of O +the O +eyes O +of O +dark O +- O +adapted O +rats O +increased O +glutamate B-Chemical +release O +from O +the O +visual O +cortex O +but O +caused O +no O +significant O +change O +in O +the O +release O +of O +other O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Choline O +acetyltransferase O +( O +ChAT O +) O +, O +acetylcholinesterase O +( O +AChE O +) O +and O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +decarboxylase O +( O +GAD O +) O +activities O +were O +measured O +in O +20 O +brain O +regions O +from O +autopsied O +control O +and O +senile O +dementia O +of O +the O +Alzheimer O +type O +( O +SDAT O +) O +cases O +. O + +aps B-category +Mapping O +studies O +with O +central O +drug O +injections O +in O +the O +hungry O +rat O +have O +identified O +the O +perifornical O +lateral O +hypothalamus O +as O +being O +uniquely O +sensitive O +to O +the O +feeding O +suppressive O +effects O +of O +exogenous O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +as O +well O +as O +anorexic O +drugs O +which O +release O +endogenous O +catecholamines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +sites O +, O +studied O +via O +direct O +drug O +injection O +into O +the O +perifornical O +hypothalamus O +of O +freely O +moving O +, O +brain O +- O +cannulated O +rats O +, O +were O +found O +to O +be O +most O +responsive O +to O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +in O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +manner O +, O +but O +were O +also O +activated O +by O +other O +catecholamine B-Chemical +receptor O +stimulants O +, O +with O +the O +order O +of O +potency O +being O +dopamine B-Chemical +greater O +than O +apomorphine B-Chemical += O +epinine O +greater O +than O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relative O +potency O +of O +the O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +and O +structurally O +related O +compounds O +was O +calculated O +to O +be O +haloperidol B-Chemical +greater O +than O +fluphenazine B-Chemical +greater O +than O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +greater O +than O +pimozide O +greater O +than O +promazine O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +thus O +reveal O +properties O +of O +these O +hypothalamic O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +, O +feeding O +inhibitory O +sites O +which O +match O +to O +a O +large O +extent O +the O +characteristics O +recently O +identified O +for O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptors O +in O +the O +periphery O +and O +extrahypothalamic O +brain O +areas O +. O + +aps B-category +Septal O +lesions O +( O +SL O +) O +in O +female O +rats O +result O +in O +an O +increased O +sensitivity O +to O +the O +behavioral O +effects O +of O +acute O +estradiol B-Chemical +benzoate O +( O +ACUTE O +- O +EB O +; O +2 O +microgram O +/ O +day O +X O +3 O +) O +treatment O +as O +measured O +by O +the O +lordosis O +quotient O +( O +LQ O +: O +number O +of O +lordotic O +responses O +X O +100 O +/ O +number O +of O +mounts O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +decarboxylase O +( O +GAD O +) O +activity O +in O +both O +the O +substantia O +nigra O +and O +ventral O +tegmentum O +was O +significantly O +increased O +in O +the O +SL O +- O +EB O +males O +given O +ACUTE O +- O +EB O +relative O +to O +that O +of O +all O +other O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Light O +microscopic O +techniques O +such O +as O +fluorescence O +histochemistry O +, O +immunocytochemistry O +, O +autoradiography O +, O +silver B-Chemical +degeneration O +techniques O +, O +and O +retrograde O +tracing O +technique O +are O +suitable O +for O +studying O +the O +topography O +of O +pathways O +but O +, O +due O +to O +limits O +of O +resolution O +, O +they O +are O +inadequate O +for O +identifying O +terminals O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Similar O +distribution O +of O +the O +activities O +of O +neutral O +alpha O +- O +glucosidase O +( O +gamma O +- O +amylase O +) O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphatase I-Chemical +in O +subcellular O +fractions O +from O +rat O +and O +trout O +livers O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +subcellular O +fractions O +from O +rat O +and O +trout O +hepatocytes O +, O +the O +distribution O +patterns O +of O +neutral O +alpha O +- O +glucosidase O +and O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphatase I-Chemical +appear O +to O +be O +very O +similar O +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O +, O +closely O +linked O +to O +the O +endoplasmic O +reticulum O +, O +and O +are O +somewhat O +related O +to O +the O +particular O +glycogen O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +newly O +synthesized O +alpha O +- O +adrenoceptor O +blocking O +drug O +BHC O +( O +N O +, O +N O +' O +- O +bis O +[ O +6 O +- O +( O +10 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methoxybenzyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +) O +- O +a O +- O +hexyl O +] O +cystamine O +) O +was O +found O +to O +block O +irreversibly O +the O +positive O +inotropic O +effect O +of O +the O +sympathomimetic O +drug O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +on O +the O +isolated O +rat O +left O +atrium O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +perfused O +frog O +heart O +low O +temperature O +did O +not O +lead B-Chemical +BHC O +to O +inhibit O +the O +inotropic O +effect O +of O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +, O +adrenaline B-Chemical +, O +or O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +L O +- O +Alanosine O +, O +a O +new O +antitumor O +antibiotic O +, O +is O +shown O +to O +be O +accepted O +as O +a O +substrate O +by O +the O +enzymes O +of O +de O +novo O +purine B-Chemical +biosynthesis O +which O +ordinarily O +use O +L O +- O +aspartic O +acid O +as O +a O +substrate O +; O +as O +a O +consequence O +of O +this O +interaction O +, O +an O +anabolite O +is O +thought O +to O +be O +produced O +which O +impairs O +the O +formation O +of O +adenine O +nucleotides O +by O +inhibiting O +adenylosuccinate O +synthetase O +, O +leading O +to O +an O +interruption O +in O +DNA O +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +methionine B-Chemical +sulfoximine O +analogs O +on O +the O +synthesis O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +and O +glutathione B-Chemical +: O +possible O +chemotherapeutic O +implications O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +degree O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +depletion O +in O +the O +circulation O +of O +mice O +, O +however O +, O +was O +the O +same O +during O +a O +24 O +- O +hour O +period O +after O +injection O +of O +native O +or O +modified O +enzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +study O +does O +not O +discriminate O +between O +rigor O +and O +rised O +cytosolic O +calcium B-Chemical +as O +mechanisms O +causing O +hypoxic O +contracture O +, O +but O +demonstrates O +that O +hypoxic O +contracture O +is O +not O +directly O +dependent O +on O +the O +availability O +of O +intracellular O +calcium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +I O +. O +Enzymatic O +mechanisms O +in O +changes O +in O +cAMP B-Chemical +and O +cGMP B-Chemical +concentration O +in O +Balb O +/ O +c O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Protection O +against O +mercuric O +chloride B-Chemical +nephropathy O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +selenite O +in O +the O +rat O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +the O +activity O +of O +urines O +GGT O +allows O +, O +in O +vivo O +, O +to O +establish O +that O +sodium B-Chemical +selenite O +protects O +Rat O +kidney O +against O +toxic O +effects O +of O +mercuric O +chloride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +reagent O +pH O +on O +determination O +of O +high O +- O +density O +lipoprotein O +cholesterol B-Chemical +by O +precipitation O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +phosphotungstate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +magnesium I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Optimum O +concentrations O +of O +precipitation O +reagents O +, O +determined O +after O +the O +pH O +of O +the O +sodium B-Chemical +phosphotungstate O +reagent O +was O +standardized O +to O +pH O +6 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +distribution O +of O +high O +- O +density O +lipoprotein O +cholesterol B-Chemical +in O +a O +healthy O +adult O +population O +was O +skewed O +to O +the O +left O +for O +women O +( O +n O += O +34 O +; O +mean O += O +660 O +mg O +/ O +L O +) O +and O +bi O +- O +modal O +for O +men O +( O +n O += O +44 O +; O +mean O += O +460 O +mg O +/ O +mL O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +a O +fixed O +- O +time O +, O +enzymatic O +, O +reaction O +- O +rate O +procedure O +for O +determining O +plasma O +ammonia B-Chemical +with O +a O +centrifugal O +analyzer O +( O +Rotochem O +IIA O +/ O +36 O +; O +American O +Instrument O +Co O +. O +, O +silver B-Chemical +Spring O +, O +MD O +20910 O +) O +, O +with O +NADPH B-Chemical +as O +cofactor O +. O + +aps B-category +Use O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +minimizes O +interference O +from O +endogenous O +reactions O +such O +as O +that O +between O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +and O +pyruvate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +has O +been O +co O +- O +immobilized O +with O +these O +enzymes O +, O +and O +with O +this O +system O +it O +is O +possible O +to O +quantitate O +1 O +pmol O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +striking O +difference O +was O +the O +apparently O +more O +efficient O +conversion O +of O +NADH O +or O +glucose B-Chemical +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +to O +light O +by O +the O +immobilized O +enzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +Aminoglycoside B-Chemical +antibiotic O +measurement O +by O +bioluminescence O +, O +with O +use O +of O +plasmid O +- O +coded O +enzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +aminoglycoside B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +inactivating I-Chemical +enzymes O +were O +used O +: O +an O +adenylytransferase O +and O +an O +acetyltransferase O +coupled O +to O +S O +- O +acetyl O +coenzymeA O +synthetase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +operating O +range O +of O +the O +assay O +was O +0 O +- O +15 O +mg O +of O +gentamicin B-Chemical +per O +liter O +. O + +aps B-category +Renal O +uptake O +and O +nephrotoxicity O +of O +gentamicin B-Chemical +during O +urinary O +alkalinization O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +injections O +with O +gentamicin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +altered O +urinary O +pH O +had O +no O +effect O +on O +urinary O +excretion O +of O +gentamicin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Nephrotoxicity O +resulting O +from O +chronic O +treatment O +of O +gentamicin B-Chemical +was O +ameliorated O +by O +concomitant O +sodium B-Chemical +bicarbonate I-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +Toxicological O +determination O +of O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +in O +serum O +: O +methods O +and O +concentrations O +associated O +with O +high O +- O +dose O +intravenous O +therapy O +with O +diazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +common O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +( O +diazepam B-Chemical +, O +oxazepam B-Chemical +, O +clorazepate O +, O +flurazepam B-Chemical +, O +and O +chlordiazepoxide O +) O +and O +/ O +or O +their O +major O +metabolites O +are O +extracted O +from O +a O +buffered O +serum O +sample O +at O +pH O +9 O +. O +2 O +by O +a O +mixture O +of O +toluene O +, O +hexane O +, O +and O +isoamyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +diazepam B-Chemical +, O +N O +- O +desmethyldiazepam O +, O +and O +oxazepam B-Chemical +concentrations O +several O +times O +higher O +than O +usually O +encountered O +therapeutically O +were O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +long O +- O +term O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +treatment O +on O +dopamine B-Chemical +tuberoinfundibular O +system O +: O +development O +of O +tolerance O +? O + +aps B-category +Circadian O +rhythm O +in O +brain O +catecholamine B-Chemical +concentrations O +in O +the O +teleost O +: O +Anguilla O +anguilla O +L O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +zinc B-Chemical +ion O +on O +the O +mechanical O +responses O +of O +Mytilus O +smooth O +muscle O +. O + +aps B-category +Seasonal O +and O +social O +determinants O +of O +urinary O +catecholamines B-Chemical +in O +the O +lesser O +mouse O +lemur O +( O +Microcebus O +murinus O +, O +Cheirogaleinae O +, O +primates O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +serotonin B-Chemical +in O +the O +control O +of O +pedal O +ciliary O +activity O +by O +identified O +neurons O +in O +Tritonia O +diomedea O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mechanisms O +that O +govern O +the O +binding O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +to O +hemoglobin O +have O +been O +defined O +in O +even O +greater O +detail O +and O +higher O +orders O +of O +accuracy O +, O +even O +to O +the O +ends O +of O +the O +oxyhemoglobin O +dissociation O +curve O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +constant O +has O +become O +a O +variable O +, O +subject O +to O +the O +interactions O +of O +temperature O +, O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +, O +organic O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +and O +ionic O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Unicam O +Spectrophotometer O +, O +the O +IL O +282 O +CO O +- O +Oximeter O +, O +and O +the O +Hemoscan O +were O +used O +to O +measure O +the O +in O +vitro O +P50 O +using O +1 O +, O +20 O +- O +- O +45 O +, O +and O +50 O +% O +hematocrit O +values O +of O +red O +blood O +cells O +suspended O +in O +autologous O +plasma O +or O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffered O +saline O +at O +pH O +of O +6 O +. O +7 O +- O +- O +7 O +. O +7 O +. O + +aps B-category +Automated O +method O +for O +determination O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +equilibrium O +curves O +of O +red O +cell O +suspensions O +under O +controlled O +buffer O +conditions O +and O +its O +clinical O +applications O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +this O +instrument O +, O +the O +effects O +of O +pH O +, O +temperature O +, O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +, O +anticoagulants O +, O +and O +buffers O +on O +the O +OEC O +of O +normal O +fresh O +blood O +have O +been O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Data O +on O +the O +role O +of O +the O +position O +of O +the O +oxyhemoglobin O +equilibrium O +curve O +in O +the O +regulation O +of O +erythropoiesis O +during O +the O +" O +anemia O +of O +prematurity O +" O +demonstrate O +that O +the O +ability O +to O +unload O +oxygen B-Chemical +is O +more O +important O +than O +the O +absolute O +hemoglobin O +level O +in O +both O +the O +stimulus O +to O +erythropoietin O +production O +and O +the O +clinical O +manifestations O +of O +anemia O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +or O +more O +of O +the O +several O +components O +of O +the O +oxygen B-Chemical +transport O +system O +may O +function O +abnormally O +in O +critical O +illness O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +several O +components O +of O +the O +oxygen B-Chemical +transport O +system O +can O +be O +influenced O +by O +therapeutic O +maneuvers O +, O +but O +the O +result O +may O +not O +necessarily O +be O +a O +net O +benefit O +. O + +aps B-category +Bactericidal O +action O +of O +an O +average O +dose O +of O +erythromycin B-Chemical +in O +the O +bronchi O +. O + +aps B-category +Twenty O +- O +two O +patients O +suffering O +from O +an O +acute O +attack O +of O +chronic O +bronchitis O +, O +sustained O +by O +streptococci O +, O +diplococci O +, O +staphylococci O +or O +H O +. O +influenzae O +sensitive O +to O +erythromycin B-Chemical +, O +were O +treated O +with O +1500 O +mg O +erythromycin B-Chemical +per O +day O +until O +symptoms O +regressed O +, O +usually O +within O +3 O +to O +5 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +Re O +- O +evaluation O +of O +the O +antimineralocorticoid O +effect O +of O +the O +spironolactone B-Chemical +metabolite O +, O +canrenone O +, O +from O +plasma O +concentrations O +determined O +by O +a O +new O +high O +- O +pressure O +liquid O +- O +chromatographic O +method O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pharmacokinetics O +of O +pethidine B-Chemical +( O +meperidine B-Chemical +) O +and O +norpethidine B-Chemical +( O +normeperidine O +) O +have O +been O +investigated O +after O +iv O +administration O +of O +pethidine B-Chemical +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Norpethidine O +, O +metabolically O +formed O +from O +pethidine B-Chemical +, O +reached O +maximum O +plasma O +concentrations O +after O +30 O +min O +and O +declined O +biexponentially O +with O +half O +- O +lives O +of O +66 O +. O +8 O +and O +301 O +min O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +pharmacokinetic O +data O +were O +compared O +with O +the O +time O +course O +of O +analgesia O +, O +the O +plasma O +levels O +of O +pethidine B-Chemical +could O +be O +correlated O +with O +the O +analgesic O +effect O +after O +the O +first O +rapid O +distribution O +phase O +. O + +aps B-category +Accumulation O +of O +norpethidine B-Chemical +was O +demonstrated O +to O +occur O +, O +which O +may O +be O +of O +importance O +when O +toxic O +and O +analgesic O +effects O +of O +pethidine B-Chemical +are O +evaluated O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +isolated O +perfused O +rat O +kidney O +was O +used O +to O +investigate O +the O +effect O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +on O +the O +renal O +excretion O +and O +metabolism O +of O +choline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Tubular O +excretion O +of O +choline B-Chemical +was O +demonstrated O +and O +a O +transport O +maximum O +( O +Tm O +) O +of O +1 O +. O +6 O +mumol O +/ O +kidney O +/ O +min O +was O +reached O +at O +a O +choline B-Chemical +perfusate O +concentration O +of O +1 O +. O +2 O +mM O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +loss O +of O +14C B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +choline I-Chemical +from O +the O +perfusate O +was O +increased O +by O +the O +lower O +ethanol B-Chemical +concentration O +and O +decreased O +by O +the O +higher O +ethanol B-Chemical +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +of O +either O +50 O +or O +100 O +mM O +ethanol B-Chemical +increased O +both O +glomerular O +filtration O +rate O +and O +urine O +volume O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reaction O +is O +inhibited O +by O +hemoglobin O +and O +catalase O +, O +whose O +presence O +in O +unwashed O +microsomes O +could O +terminate O +the O +N O +- O +oxidation O +of O +phentermine B-Chemical +at O +the O +hydroxylamine O +level O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +only O +metabolite O +in O +plasma O +was O +( O +2 O +- O +fluoro O +- O +4 O +' O +- O +biphenylyl O +) O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +which O +also O +possessed O +anti O +- O +inflammatory O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +major O +eliminated O +metabolite O +was O +( O +4 O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +2 O +- O +fluoro O +- O +4 O +' O +- O +biphenylyl O +) O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +tissue O +distribution O +and O +metabolism O +of O +35S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sulfadiazine I-Chemical +( O +I O +, O +SDZ O +) O +alone O +and O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +trimethoprim B-Chemical +( O +TMP O +) O +was O +studied O +in O +the O +male O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relative O +amounts O +of O +sulfadiazine B-Chemical +and O +its O +metabolites O +excreted O +in O +the O +urine O +and O +feces O +as O +well O +as O +the O +distribution O +of O +intact O +drug O +and O +35S O +in O +rat O +tissues O +were O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +larger O +MLV O +ranged O +in O +diameter O +from O +0 O +. O +1 O +to O +2 O +. O +6 O +mu O +and O +the O +smaller O +from O +0 O +. O +1 O +to O +1 O +. O +5 O +mu O +, O +and O +both O +were O +composed O +of O +phosphatidylserine B-Chemical +/ O +phosphatidylcholine O +/ O +cholesterol B-Chemical +in O +the O +molar O +ratio O +1 O +: O +4 O +: O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +Almost O +all O +of O +the O +3H O +associated O +with O +lung O +at O +all O +times O +for O +both O +large O +and O +small O +MLV O +could O +be O +accounted O +for O +by O +unchanged O +ara B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +C I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Biotransformation O +of O +mazindol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +value O +is O +somewhat O +higher O +than O +predicted O +by O +the O +single O +- O +dose O +data O +, O +indicating O +that O +in O +man O +, O +mazindol B-Chemical +does O +not O +induce O +its O +own O +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +metabolism O +of O +DL O +- O +[ O +14C O +] O +verapamil B-Chemical +in O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +Verapamil B-Chemical +was O +extensively O +metabolized O +; O +only O +3 O +- O +- O +4 O +% O +of O +the O +dose O +was O +excreted O +in O +the O +urine O +as O +unchanged O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +Inasmuch O +as O +approximately O +10 O +times O +more O +of O +the O +metabolites O +formed O +from O +the O +tertiary O +amine B-Chemical +verapamil B-Chemical +are O +secondary O +amines B-Chemical +than O +are O +primary O +amines B-Chemical +, O +it O +would O +seem O +that O +N O +- O +dealkylation O +of O +this O +tertiary O +amine B-Chemical +proceeds O +at O +a O +much O +higher O +rate O +than O +the O +N O +- O +dealkylation O +of O +the O +secondary O +amine B-Chemical +metabolites O +to O +primary O +amine B-Chemical +metabolites O +. O + +aps B-category +Less O +than O +10 O +% O +of O +the O +dose O +was O +N O +- O +demethylated O +to O +secondary O +and O +primary O +amines B-Chemical +, O +and O +about O +2 O +% O +was O +excreted O +unchanged O +. O + +aps B-category +Metabolism O +of O +oxycodone B-Chemical +was O +studied O +in O +the O +rabbit O +and O +found O +to O +proceed O +through O +five O +metabolic O +pathways O +: O +O O +- O +demethylation O +, O +N O +- O +demethylation O +, O +N O +- O +oxidation O +, O +6 O +- O +keto O +reduction O +, O +and O +glucuronidation O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +pretreated I-Chemical +rat O +liver O +microsomes O +and O +under O +oxidative O +conditions O +, O +metyrapone O +is O +transformed O +in O +vitro O +into O +reduced O +metyrapone O +and O +two O +other O +metabolites O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +nature O +of O +the O +metabolites O +as O +N O +- O +oxides O +located O +on O +either O +pyridine O +ring O +was O +established O +by O +physical O +methodologies O +, O +mainly O +electron O +- O +impact O +and O +chemical O +- O +ionization O +mass O +spectrometry O +, O +and O +also O +by O +chemical O +reactions O +with O +titanous O +chloride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Enhancement O +of O +reductive O +metabolism O +of O +p O +- O +nitrobenzoate O +and O +nitrazepam B-Chemical +in O +isolated O +perfused O +rat O +liver O +by O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Formation O +of O +reduced O +metabolites O +under O +control O +conditions O +( O +0 O +. O +3 O +mumol O +per O +g O +of O +liver O +per O +hr O +) O +was O +enhanced O +fivefold O +( O +1 O +. O +4 O +mumol O +/ O +g O +/ O +hr O +) O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +( O +38 O +mM O +) O +, O +thus O +reaching O +hepatic O +reductase O +activities O +occurring O +under O +anaerobic O +conditions O +( O +1 O +. O +4 O +mumol O +/ O +g O +/ O +hr O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +of O +acetaldehyde B-Chemical +led O +to O +a O +marked O +stimulation O +of O +nitroreductase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Reductive O +azo O +cleavage O +of O +salazosulfamide O +was O +not O +enhanced O +by O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +distribution O +of O +nitrazepam B-Chemical +in O +liver O +and O +perfusate O +was O +not O +altered O +by O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Reduced O +pyridine O +nucleotide B-Chemical +cofactors O +are O +needed O +for O +the O +metabolic O +reduction O +. O + +aps B-category +Cupric O +chloride B-Chemical +, O +mercuric O +chloride B-Chemical +, O +cysteamine O +, O +FAD O +, O +and O +FMN O +decreased O +significantly O +the O +C O +- O +nitroso O +reductase O +. O + +aps B-category +Solute O +treatment O +also O +stimulated O +the O +activities O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +c O +reductase O +, O +NADPH B-Chemical +oxidase O +, O +the O +N O +- O +oxidation O +of O +N O +, O +N O +- O +dimethylaniline O +, O +and O +the O +fluorescent O +interaction O +of O +8 O +- O +anilino O +- O +1 O +- O +naphthalenesulfonic O +acid O +( O +ANS O +) O +with O +hepatic O +microsomes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +authors O +carried O +out O +studies O +on O +cats O +, O +guinea O +pigs O +, O +rats O +and O +mice O +, O +using O +isolated O +smooth O +muscle O +organs O +( O +bronchi O +, O +ileum O +of O +guinea O +pig O +) O +, O +and O +examined O +bronchodilatating O +, O +diuretic B-Chemical +, O +antihistaminic O +action O +and O +acute O +toxiticy O +of O +three O +N O +- O +basic O +substituted O +derivatives O +of O +1 O +, O +3 O +- O +dimethiylxanthine O +( O +theophyline O +) O +namely O +: O +7 O +- O +bis O +- O +( O +2 O +- O +hydroximethyl O +) O +- B-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ethyl I-Chemical +theophyline O +under O +the O +form O +of O +a O +base O +( O +compound O +G111 O +, O +tartarate O +( O +G112 O +) O +and O +nicotinate O +( O +G113 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +basis O +of O +the O +experimental O +results O +and O +some O +advantages O +of O +the O +examined O +compounds O +( O +good O +solubility O +, O +low O +toxicity O +) O +perspectives O +are O +seen O +for O +their O +eventual O +clinical O +trial O +as O +bronchodilatating O +and O +diuretic B-Chemical +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +beta O +- O +blockers O +can O +be O +given O +once O +daily O +in O +hypertension O +, O +but O +at O +presnt O +the O +evidence O +for O +effective O +control O +with O +a O +once O +daily O +regimen O +is O +more O +convincing O +with O +atenolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Atenolol O +has O +been O +well O +tolerated O +in O +most O +patients O +, O +its O +profile O +of O +adverse O +reactions O +generally O +resembling O +that O +of O +other O +beta O +- O +blocking O +drugs O +, O +although O +its O +low O +lipid O +solubility O +and O +limited O +penetration O +into O +the O +brain O +results O +in O +a O +lower O +incidence O +of O +central O +nervous O +system O +effects O +than O +seen O +with O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibition O +induced O +by O +placing O +a O +animal O +in O +an O +inescapable O +situation O +is O +particularly O +sensitive O +to O +antidepressants B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Neuroleptic B-Chemical +disinhibitory O +agents O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mode O +of O +action O +and O +the O +site O +of O +action O +of O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +is O +discussed O +, O +focussed O +on O +the O +existence O +of O +an O +endogeneous O +ligand O +displacing O +the O +binding O +of O +diazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Conformational O +changes O +in O +bovine O +- O +liver O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +: O +a O +spin O +- O +label O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +marked O +change O +in O +the O +properties O +of O +the O +spin O +- O +labelled O +enzyme O +is O +a O +fivefold O +decrease O +in O +the O +rate O +of O +reduction O +of O +the O +coenzyme O +by O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +and O +no O +change O +in O +the O +rate O +of O +oxidation O +by O +2 O +- O +oxoglutarate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +conformational O +change O +upon O +addition O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +to O +the O +spin O +- O +labelled O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +2 O +- O +oxoglutarate O +happens O +in O +a O +concerted O +way O +between O +20 O +and O +80 O +% O +saturation O +with O +NADPH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +ADP O +and O +ATP O +with O +a O +spin O +- O +label O +linked O +to O +the O +terminal O +phosphate B-Chemical +are O +activators O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +and O +bind O +to O +the O +same O +site O +as O +the O +activator O +ADP O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +spin O +- O +labelled O +activators O +interact O +with O +ketone B-Chemical +spin O +- O +labelled O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +in O +the O +same O +way O +as O +with O +native O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +relative O +to O +the O +activator O +site O +, O +but O +show O +a O +stronger O +binding O +to O +the O +coenzyme O +site O +. O + +aps B-category +Nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +studies O +of O +the O +linewidth O +of O +2 O +- O +oxoglutarate O +and O +NADP O ++ O +bound O +to O +their O +functional O +sites O +on O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +without O +and O +with O +spin O +- O +labels O +result O +in O +distances O +between O +the O +ligand O +nuclei O +and O +the O +spin O +- O +labels O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +consists O +of O +a O +hemin O +prosthetic O +group O +, O +2 O +Ca2 O ++ O +and O +308 O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +, O +including O +4 O +disulfide O +bridges O +, O +in O +a O +single O +polypeptide O +chain O +that O +carries O +8 O +neutral O +carbohydrate O +side O +- O +chains O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +paper O +discusses O +( O +a O +) O +isoelectric O +points O +and O +charge O +distribution O +within O +the O +native O +protein O +, O +the O +apoprotein O +and O +the O +cyanogen O +bromide B-Chemical +fragments O +, O +( O +b O +) O +a O +buried O +pyrrolidonecarboxylyl O +amino B-Chemical +terminus O +, O +( O +c O +) O +heterogeneity O +at O +the O +carboxyl O +terminus O +, O +and O +( O +d O +) O +a O +possible O +domain O +structure O +, O +likely O +from O +partial O +tryptic O +digestion O +. O + +aps B-category +Differences O +were O +previously O +found O +in O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +/ O +hemoglobin O +ratio O +and O +in O +the O +heat O +stability O +of O +the O +enzyme O +in O +hemolysates O +of O +' O +old O +' O +and O +' O +young O +' O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +higher O +ionic O +strength O +( O +0 O +. O +5 O +M O +potassium B-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +) O +the O +binding O +profile O +of O +magnesium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ADP I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dissociation O +constant O +( O +pH8 O +at O +5 O +degrees O +C O +) O +is O +about O +8 O +microM O +, O +and O +the O +affinity O +for O +uncomplexed O +ADP O +is O +thus O +only O +slightly O +weaker O +than O +that O +for O +magnesium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ADP I-Chemical + +aps B-category +Nbr8ADP O ++ O +was O +found O +to O +be O +active O +in O +the O +hydrogen B-Chemical +transfer O +adn O +io3PdADP O ++ O +is O +a O +coenzyme O +competitive O +inhibitor O +for O +6 O +- O +phosphogluconate O +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +NADPH B-Chemical +density O +is O +the O +most O +clearly O +defined O +and O +has O +thus O +been O +used O +to O +fit O +a O +molecular O +model O +using O +an O +interactive O +graphics O +system O +, O +checking O +for O +preferred O +geometry O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stimulus O +- O +secretion O +coupling O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +insulin O +release O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +if O +pH O +was O +lowered O +to O +6 O +. O +0 O +, O +thick O +filaments O +were O +present O +and O +addition O +of O +dimethyl O +sulfoxide O +( O +DMSO B-Chemical +) O +led O +to O +a O +greater O +number O +of O +thick O +filaments O +. O + +aps B-category +Low O +calcium B-Chemical +( O +10 O +( O +- O +7 O +) O +M O +) O +caused O +a O +higher O +proportion O +of O +rod O +- O +shaped O +filaments O +, O +while O +in O +high O +calcium B-Chemical +( O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +M O +) O +most O +thick O +filaments O +were O +ribbons O +. O + +aps B-category +Metabolites O +of O +3 O +- O +hydrazino O +- O +6 O +- O +[ O +bis O +- O +( O +2 O +- O +hydroxyethyl O +) O +amino B-Chemical +] O +pyridazine O +dihydrochloride O +in O +rat O +urine O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +are O +: O +3 O +- O +[ O +bis O +- O +( O +2 O +- O +hydroxyethyl O +) O +amino B-Chemical +] O +- O +6 O +- O +isopropoxypyridazine O +( O +1 O +) O +; O +3 O +- O +[ O +bis O +- O +( O +2 O +- O +hydroxyethyl O +) O +amino B-Chemical +] O +pyridazine O +( O +2 O +) O +; O +3 O +- O +methyl O +- O +6 O +- O +[ O +bis O +- O +( O +2 O +- O +hydroxyethyl O +) O +amino B-Chemical +] O +- B-Chemical +s I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +triazolo I-Chemical +[ O +4 O +, O +3 O +- O +b O +] O +pyridazine O +( O +3 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +reduction O +in O +flow O +was O +of O +the O +order O +of O +38 O +% O +from O +the O +control O +value O +which O +agrees O +quite O +well O +with O +the O +reduction O +in O +cortical O +glucose B-Chemical +consumption O +of O +the O +order O +of O +31 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +overload O +and O +mechanical O +function O +in O +posthypoxic O +myocardium O +: O +biphasic O +effect O +of O +pH O +during O +hypoxia O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +posthypoxic O +period O +the O +recovery O +of O +developed O +tension O +was O +greatest O +and O +the O +magnitude O +of O +contracture O +least O +in O +those O +septa O +perfused O +at O +pH O +6 O +. O +8 O +during O +hypoxia O +; O +calcium B-Chemical +overload O +did O +not O +occur O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduction O +of O +pH O +to O +6 O +. O +6 O +during O +hypoxia O +did O +not O +result O +in O +a O +greater O +degree O +of O +recovery O +of O +developed O +tension O +or O +complete O +reversal O +of O +contracture O +in O +the O +posthypoxic O +period O +, O +and O +marked O +calcium B-Chemical +overload O +was O +not O +prevented O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +pores O +exclude O +the O +macromolecular O +ferritin O +and O +the O +digestive O +and O +antiautoxidation O +enzymes O +but O +admit O +ionic O +iron B-Chemical +which O +, O +sheltered O +from O +ferritin O +, O +accumulates O +into O +decontrolled B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +iron I-Chemical +pathogen O +( O +DIP O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +case O +of O +ventricular O +tachycardia O +in O +patient O +who O +was O +being O +treated O +with O +dehydroemetine O +and O +chloroquine B-Chemical +for O +amoebic O +liver O +abscess O +is O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Lactate B-Chemical +acidosis O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Depression O +of O +some O +drug O +- O +induced O +in O +vivo O +changes O +of O +cerebellar O +guanosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +by O +control O +of O +motor O +and O +respiratory O +responses O +. 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O + +aps B-category +[ O +A O +simple O +antagonist O +in O +acute O +opioid O +poisoning O +: O +naloxone B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Recent O +studies O +have O +demonstrated O +that O +nitroso O +chemical O +carcinogens O +activate O +guanylate O +cyclase O +( O +EC O +4 O +. O +6 O +. O +1 O +. O +2 O +) O +which O +catalyzes O +the O +production O +of O +guanosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +examined O +the O +effect O +of O +3 O +major O +classes O +of O +anticancer O +chemotherapeutic O +agents O +, O +the O +antimetabolites O +( O +methotrexate B-Chemical +and O +6 O +- O +mercaptopurine O +) O +, O +antitumor O +antibiotics O +( O +adriamycin B-Chemical +and O +actinomycin O +D O +) O +, O +and O +alkylating B-Chemical +agents I-Chemical +( O +cytoxan O +, O +uracil O +mustard O +, O +isophosphamide O +, O +chlornaphazine O +, O +and O +1 O +- O +propranol O +- O +3 O +, O +3 O +' O +- O +iminodimethane O +sulfonate O +) O +on O +the O +activation O +of O +guanylate O +cyclase O +by O +nitroso O +chemical O +carcinogens O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +lead B-Chemical +exposure O +on O +the O +activity O +of O +some O +hepatic O +enzymes O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Adult O +rats O +were O +fed O +the O +same O +lead B-Chemical +solution O +for O +6 O +- O +- O +8 O +wk O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Compounds O +were O +tested O +at O +levels O +permitted O +for O +food O +additives O +except O +formalin B-Chemical +which O +has O +not O +been O +approved O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Vasodilators B-Chemical +and O +diuretics O +, O +basic O +therapy O +for O +hypertensive O +heart O +failure O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +has O +been O +shown O +that O +random O +- O +dot O +stereo O +depth O +does O +not O +occur O +when O +there O +is O +colour O +contrast B-Chemical +but O +no O +brightness O +difference O +between O +the O +dots O +and O +their O +background O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Biotransformation O +of O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +derivatives O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Rat O +liver O +cystathionine O +- O +gamma O +- O +lyase O +[ O +L O +- O +cystathionine O +cysteinelyase O +( O +deaminating O +) O +, O +EC O +4 O +. O +4 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +] O +catalyzes O +the O +formation O +of O +pyruvic O +acid O +, O +ammonia B-Chemical +, O +and O +carboxymethylhydrodisulfide O +from O +S O +- O +( O +carboxymethylthio O +) O +cysteine B-Chemical +( O +CMTC O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Subcellular O +distribution O +and O +some O +physicochemical O +properties O +of O +alanine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +in O +striated O +muscles O +of O +the O +crayfish O +, O +trout O +, O +carp O +, O +frog O +, O +pigeon O +and O +rabbit O +were O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +4 O +) O +The O +higher O +the O +alanine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +activity O +of O +the O +muscles O +, O +the O +relatively O +higher O +their O +alanine B-Chemical +production O +during O +electrical O +stimulation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +depot O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +schizophrenic O +patients O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Continued O +stimulation O +by O +estradiol B-Chemical +produces O +changes O +in O +the O +newly O +- O +formed O +alveolar O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Prekallikrein O +was O +similarly O +activated O +by O +amino B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +and O +carboxyairsiles O +, O +possessing O +positive O +and O +negative O +electric O +charges O +, O +respectively O +, O +at O +neutral O +pH O +value O +in O +a O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +3H O +] O +Benzo O +( O +a O +) O +pyrene O +and O +6 O +- O +substituted O +derivatives O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +benzo O +( O +a O +) O +pyrene O +are O +covalently O +bound O +to O +calf O +thymus O +DNA O +upon O +reaction O +with O +microsomal O +preparations O +from O +rats O +pretreated O +with O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylcholanthrene I-Chemical +in O +the O +presence O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Wilting O +stimulated O +high O +densities O +of O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +bacteria O +, O +with O +the O +decrease O +in O +counts O +of O +undesirable O +flora O +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O +, O +yeasts O +, O +moulds O +, O +proteolytic O +and O +saccharolytic O +anaerobes O +, O +causing O +spoilage O +of O +silage O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +study O +on O +the O +metabolism O +of O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulphate O +, O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +peptides O +, O +and O +nutrient O +broth O +by O +Azotobacter O +chroococcum O +is O +presented O +in O +this O +paper O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +certain O +amount O +of O +growth O +could O +be O +observed O +with O +peptone O +as O +a O +sole O +source O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +tested O +isolates O +of O +E O +. O +atroseptica O +produced O +high O +levels O +of O +cellulase O +when O +grown O +in O +presence O +of O +both O +carboxymethyl O +- O +cellulose O +( O +CMC O +) O +and O +sucrose B-Chemical +, O +low O +levels O +in O +presence O +of O +carboxymethyl O +- O +cellulose O +alone O +, O +and O +traces O +of O +cellulase O +( O +s O +) O +in O +presence O +of O +sucrose B-Chemical +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +Probably O +, O +the O +most O +ancient O +NM O +and O +NR O +are O +presented O +by O +such O +compounds O +as O +peptides O +, O +some O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +and O +ATP O +. O + +aps B-category +Rat O +pineal O +glands O +were O +incubated O +with O +10 O +( O +- O +8 O +) O +M O +or O +10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +M O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +( O +NE O +) O +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +( O +DA O +) O +, O +serotonin B-Chemical +( O +5HT O +) O +, O +and O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +( O +ACH O +) O +for O +eight O +h O +after O +which O +the O +concentrations O +of O +AVT O +in O +the O +media O +were O +determined O +by O +radioimmunoassay O +. O + +aps B-category +administration O +in O +dogs O +of O +high O +and O +massive O +doses O +of O +narcotics O +produced O +an O +acute O +rise O +in O +CO2 O +consumption O +, O +a O +rise O +of O +plasma O +catecholamines B-Chemical +and O +other O +slight O +biochemical O +and O +metabolic O +perturbances O +. O + +aps B-category +Beneficial O +associations O +with O +morphinomimetics O +are O +found O +with O +droperidol B-Chemical +, O +etomidate B-Chemical +and O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +reactive O +enamine O +resulting O +from O +enzymic O +hydrolysis O +of O +the O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactam I-Chemical +ring O +of O +clavulanic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +has O +been O +proposed O +as O +a O +possible O +intermediate O +in O +the O +inhibitory O +mechanism O +. O + +aps B-category +Donor O +binding O +and O +inhibition O +of O +activity O +by O +glucose B-Chemical +were O +dependent O +on O +the O +ionization O +of O +a O +group O +( O +pK O +6 O +. O +0 O +) O +that O +appeared O +to O +be O +an O +imidazole O +group O +. 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O +0 O +It O +was O +found O +that O +: O +( O +1 O +) O +the O +Km O +of O +reaction O +I O +was O +relatively O +independent O +of O +pH O +( O +approx O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +two O +forms O +of O +the O +hydrolase O +have O +the O +same O +pH O +optimum O +of O +7 O +. O +5 O +, O +are O +equally O +sensitive O +to O +the O +thiol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +blocking I-Chemical +reagents O +p O +- O +hydroxymercuribenzoate O +, O +HgCl O +( O +2 O +) O +, O +and O +5 O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +dithiobis O +- O +( O +2 O +- O +nitrobenzoic O +acid O +) O +, O +and O +exhibit O +the O +same O +K O +( O +m O +) O +( O +1 O +. O +8mum O +) O +with O +palmitoyl O +- O +CoA O +as O +substrate O +. O + +aps B-category +Enzyme O +- O +substrate O +and O +enzyme O +- O +inhibitor O +complexes O +of O +triose O +phosphate B-Chemical +isomerase O +studied O +by O +31P O +nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +. O + +aps B-category +) O +, O +from O +rabbit O +and O +chicken O +muscle O +, O +and O +its O +substrate O +dihydroxyacetone O +phosphate B-Chemical +was O +studied O +by O +31P O +n O +. O +m O +. O +r O +. O + +aps B-category +5 O +, O +642 O +- O +- O +647 O +] O +this O +group O +is O +believed O +to O +be O +glutamate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +165 I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +substrate O +, O +dihydroxyacetone O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +behaves O +essentially O +like O +glycerol O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Spectrophotometric O +studies O +on O +the O +interaction O +between O +triose O +phosphate B-Chemical +isomerase O +and O +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ligands O +were O +2 O +- O +phosphoglycollate O +and O +rac O +- O +glycerol O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +( O +only O +the O +D O +- O +isomer O +, O +sn O +- O +glycerol O +1 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +, O +binds O +appreciably O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +binding O +of O +the O +glycerol O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +, O +on O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +was O +independent O +of O +pH O +over O +the O +range O +pH O +6 O +. O +5 O +- O +- O +8 O +. O +5 O +but O +decreased O +at O +lower O +pH O +values O +. O + +aps B-category +Spectrophotometric O +measurements O +of O +bilirubin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +IX I-Chemical +alpha O +in O +water O +and O +in O +aqueous O +/ O +organic O +solvent O +mixtures O +at O +pH O +10 O +. O +0 O +as O +a O +function O +of O +bilirubin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +IX I-Chemical +alpha O +concentration O +( O +approx O +. O + +aps B-category +Concentrations O +of O +dioxan O +or O +ethanol B-Chemical +greater O +than O +60 O +% O +( O +v O +/ O +v O +) O +in O +water O +were O +required O +to O +obtain O +the O +absorption O +spectrum O +of O +bilirubin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +IX I-Chemical +alpha O +monomers O +, O +suggesting O +that O +both O +hydrophobic O +and O +electrostatic O +( O +pi O +- O +orbital O +) O +interactions O +are O +involved O +in O +stabilizing O +the O +dimeric O +state O +in O +water O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pattern O +of O +bilirubin B-Chemical +IX O +alpha O +association O +with O +bile O +salts O +is O +complex O +, O +since O +the O +absorption O +spectrum O +shifts O +hypsochromically O +below O +and O +bathochromically O +above O +the O +critical O +micellar O +concentration O +of O +the O +bile O +salts O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +higher O +bile B-Chemical +salt I-Chemical +concentrations O +some B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bilirubin I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +IX I-Chemical +alpha O +monomers O +partition O +into O +the O +hydrophobic O +interior O +of O +the O +bile B-Chemical +salt I-Chemical +micelles O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +thiol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +labelling I-Chemical +reagent O +and O +reactivity O +probe O +containing O +electrophilic O +mercury O +and O +a O +chromophoric O +leaving O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +Enthalpy O +changes O +for O +inositol B-Chemical +hexaphosphate O +binding O +to O +hemoglobins O +A O +and O +M O +Iwate O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +alternative O +hypothesis O +for O +the O +direction O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +movement O +and O +energy O +transduction O +in O +H O +. O +halobium O +. O + +aps B-category +Coupling O +of O +amines B-Chemical +to O +and O +cross O +- O +linking O +of O +endogenous O +cytosol O +or O +membrane O +proteins O +by O +hepatic O +transglutaminase O +. O + +aps B-category +Absence O +of O +increased O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylation O +after O +induction O +of O +brain O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +following O +reserpine B-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +Reverse O +trans O +- O +synaptic O +regulation O +of O +neuronal O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +uptake O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +prophylactic O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +medication O +the O +dose O +must O +be O +calculated O +individually O +. O + +aps B-category +Human O +neuroleptogenic O +EPMS O +- O +disturbances O +are O +reversed O +by O +clozapine B-Chemical +in O +animal O +experiments O +and O +in O +clinical O +use O +. 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O + +aps B-category +[ O +Central O +and O +peripheral O +interactions O +of O +the O +antiparkinson O +agent O +biperiden B-Chemical +and O +the O +antihistaminic O +bamipin O +on O +the O +rat O +excited O +by O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +in O +6 O +s O +) O +are O +used O +for O +demonstrating O +synergistic O +effects O +of O +the O +central O +anticholinergic O +drug O +biperiden B-Chemical +( O +Akineton O +) O +and O +the O +antihistamine O +bamipine O +( O +Soventol O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +the O +enhanced O +toxicity O +of O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +caused O +by O +bamipine O +in O +a O +defined O +dosage O +range O +is O +antagonized O +by O +biperiden B-Chemical +in O +a O +dose O +related O +manner O +. O + +aps B-category +Long O +- O +term O +treatments O +with O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +or O +lithium B-Chemical +salts O +are O +well O +established O +and O +, O +with O +regard O +to O +side O +- O +effects O +, O +possess O +a O +common O +denominator O +: O +both O +treatments O +may O +increase O +the O +body O +weight O +, O +and O +may O +influence O +in O +different O +, O +even O +contrary O +ways O +the O +carbohydrate O +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +test O +was O +repeated O +within O +six O +months O +in O +the O +lithium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +group I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +55 O +% O +of O +the O +patients O +had O +overweight O +, O +which O +positively O +correlated O +to O +the O +occurrence O +of O +pathological O +glucose B-Chemical +tolerance O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +suggest O +that O +also O +under O +long O +- O +term O +lithium B-Chemical +treatment O +an O +increased O +lability O +of O +carbohydrate O +metabolism O +, O +be O +it O +due O +to O +the O +drug O +or O +the O +manic O +- O +depressive O +disease O +, O +must O +be O +discussed O +as O +a O +potential O +risk O +for O +the O +patient O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Neuroleptics B-Chemical +and O +extrapyramidal O +effects O +from O +the O +biochemical O +viewpoint O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +synthesis O +of O +the O +stereoisomers O +of O +the O +centrally O +acting O +analgesic O +1 O +- O +[ O +1 O +- O +( O +2 O +- O +chlorobenzyl O +) O +- O +pyrrol O +- O +2 O +- O +yl O +] O +- O +2 O +- O +di O +- O +sec O +. O +- B-Chemical +butylamino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ethanol I-Chemical +( O +viminol O +) O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +binding O +capacity O +of O +the O +viminol O +stereoisomers O +to O +the O +opiate O +receptors O +and O +their O +influence O +on O +the O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +release O +from O +the O +intestinal O +cholinergic O +terminals O +electrically O +stimulated O +are O +also O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +theophylline B-Chemical +concentration O +was O +measured O +in O +nine O +patients O +with O +chronic O +- O +obstructive O +lung O +disease O +following O +oral O +, O +i O +. O +m O +. O + +aps B-category +208 O +mg O +of O +the O +pH O +- O +neutral O +solution O +of O +theophylline B-Chemical +showed O +very O +similar O +serum O +concentrations O +as O +did O +240 O +mg O +i O +. O +v O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Problems O +in O +determination O +of O +glutathione B-Chemical +in O +rat O +liver O +supernatant O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Diazepam B-Chemical +and O +3 O +- O +hydroxydiazepam O +( O +temazepam B-Chemical +) O +and O +sleep O +of O +middle O +age O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +significant O +change O +in O +CBF O +was O +found O +with O +any O +of O +the O +four O +drugs O +, O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +the O +fall O +which O +has O +been O +reported O +when O +drugs O +of O +this O +type O +are O +administered O +acutely O +. O + +aps B-category +Hydrocortisone B-Chemical +in O +pharmacologically O +attainable O +concentrations O +potentiates O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +- O +stimulated O +cyclic O +AMP O +accumulation O +in O +rat O +peritoneal O +mast O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Competition O +binding O +studies O +with O +epinephrine B-Chemical +revealed O +no O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +change O +in O +Kd O +values O +for O +this O +agonist O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activities O +of O +orotate O +phosphoribosyl O +transferase O +( O +OPRT O +) O +and O +orotidine O +monophosphate O +decarboxylase O +( O +ODC O +) O +were O +significantly O +elevated O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +in O +erythrocytes O +( O +RBC O +) O +from O +five O +patients O +with O +prednisone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +responsive I-Chemical +congenital O +hypoplastic O +anaemia O +( O +CHA O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +one O +patient O +prior O +to O +prednisone B-Chemical +therapy O +, O +the O +OPRT O +and O +ODT O +activities O +were O +elevated O +10 O +- O +fold O +and O +remained O +elevated O +3 O +- O +fold O +after O +16 O +months O +of O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +the O +sucrose B-Chemical +haemolysis O +reaction O +of O +Hartmann O +& O +amp O +; O +Jenkins O +( O +1966 O +) O +as O +a O +basic O +model O +, O +the O +low O +ionic O +strength O +reaction O +( O +LISR O +) O +of O +human O +blood O +was O +studied O +to O +determine O +: O +( O +1 O +) O +serum O +Ig O +uptake O +by O +RBC O +with O +saline O +elution O +and O +125I O +- O +IgG O +uptake O +, O +and O +( O +2 O +) O +complement O +fixation O +( O +CF O +) O +to O +RBC O +with O +lysis O +of O +PNH O +cells O +and O +C3H O +/ O +C4 O +antiglobulin O +haemagglutination O +( O +AH O +) O +of O +normal O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +nucleotide B-Chemical +trans O +- O +alpha O +, O +beta O +- O +diformamido O +- O +beta O +- O +( O +5 O +' O +- O +phosphoribosylamino O +) O +acrylamide O +( O +DAR O +) O +has O +been O +chemically O +synthesized O +and O +is O +converted O +to O +inosine O +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +( O +IMP O +) O +by O +enzyme O +activities O +found O +in O +chicken O +, O +rat O +, O +and O +human O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +transport O +and O +glycolysis O +in O +Ehrlich O +ascites O +tumor O +cells O +by O +bioflavonoids O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +effective O +bioflavonoids O +have O +four O +to O +five O +hydroxyl B-Chemical +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Quercetin O +, O +the O +most O +extensively O +studied O +of O +these O +compounds O +, O +inhibits O +lactate B-Chemical +efflux O +by O +50 O +% O +at O +0 O +. O +1 O +micrograms O +/ O +mg O +of O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +Total O +lactate B-Chemical +production O +is O +also O +inhibited O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibitory O +effect O +of O +quercetin O +on O +glycolysis O +can O +be O +explained O +by O +its O +effect O +on O +lactate B-Chemical +efflux O +and O +its O +previously O +reported O +effect O +on O +the O +Na O ++ O +- O +- O +K O ++ O +ATPase O +[ O +Suolinna O +, O +E O +. O +- O +- O +M O +. O +, O +et O +al O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +specifically O +13C O +- O +labeled O +( O +90 O +% O +13C O +- O +enriched O +) O +peptide O +hormone O +derivatives O +[ O +1 O +- O +hem O +[ O +2 O +- O +13C O +] O +cystine O +] O +oxytocin B-Chemical +, O +[ O +1 O +- O +hemi O +[ O +1 O +- O +13C O +] O +cystine O +] O +oxytocin B-Chemical +, O +and O +[ O +2 O +- O +[ O +- O +2 O +- O +13C O +] O +tyrosine B-Chemical +[ O +- B-Chemical +oxytocin I-Chemical +and O +the O +analogue O +[ O +3 O +- O +[ O +2 O +- O +13C O +] O +leucine B-Chemical +] O +oxytocin B-Chemical +were O +prepared O +by O +total O +synthesis O +and O +used O +to O +study O +the O +interactions O +of O +the O +neurohypophyseal O +hormones O +with O +the O +bovine O +neurophysins O +as O +a O +function O +of O +pH O +and O +temperature O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +low O +pH O +, O +the O +dissociation O +rate O +constant O +( O +koff O +) O +is O +about O +100 O +- O +fold O +greater O +than O +the O +value O +at O +neutral O +pH O +, O +and O +this O +increase O +appears O +to O +be O +due O +exclusively O +to O +the O +breaking O +of O +the O +salt B-Chemical +bridge O +involving O +the O +N O +- O +terminal O +amino B-Chemical +group O +of O +oxytocin B-Chemical +and O +a O +side O +- O +chain O +carboxyl O +group O +of O +neurophysin O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +high O +pH O +, O +the O +decrease O +in O +binding O +affinity O +is O +due O +solely O +to O +the O +deprotonation O +of O +the O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +group O +of O +the O +free O +hormone O +. O + +aps B-category +Analysis O +of O +the O +molecular O +species O +of O +the O +chick O +oviduct O +progesterone B-Chemical +receptor O +using O +isoelectric O +focusing O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +assaying O +of O +the O +focused O +fractions O +with O +the O +charcoal B-Chemical +binding O +method O +provides O +an O +accurate O +identification O +and O +quantitation O +of O +the O +[ O +3H O +] O +progesterone B-Chemical +receptor O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +p O +- O +nitrophenyl O +esters O +of O +straight O +- O +chain O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +were O +used O +as O +substrates O +of O +the O +enzyme O +subtilisin O +Novo O +( O +EC O +3 O +. O +4 O +. O +4 O +. O +16 O +) O +and O +its O +chemically O +produced O +artificial O +enzyme O +thiolsubtilisin O +. O + +aps B-category +Ouabain O +- O +sensitive O +Na O ++ O +and O +K O ++ O +fluxes O +and O +ATP O +content O +were O +determined O +in O +high O +potassium B-Chemical +sheep O +erythrocytes O +at O +different O +values O +of O +membrane O +potential O +and O +internal O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Titration O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +channel O +sites O +for O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +block O +and O +sensitized O +photochemical O +modification O +of O +lobster O +axons O +. O + +aps B-category +Isolated O +axons O +were O +studied O +in O +a O +double O +sucrose B-Chemical +gap O +voltage O +clamp O +arrangement O +and O +the O +pH O +of O +the O +external O +bath O +was O +varied O +over O +the O +range O +4 O +. O +1 O +- O +- O +11 O +. O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +constant O +for O +photochemical O +block O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +channels O +was O +depressed O +at O +both O +high O +and O +low O +pH O +relative O +to O +that O +at O +neutral O +pH O +, O +revealing O +the O +existence O +of O +two O +receptors O +involved O +in O +the O +process O +with O +pK O +values O +of O +4 O +. O +8 O +and O +10 O +. O +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +proposed O +as O +a O +hypothesis O +that O +the O +low O +and O +high O +pK O +receptors O +are O +histidine O +imidazole O +and O +primary O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +, O +photooxidation O +of O +which O +leads O +to O +channel O +block O +via O +cross O +- O +linking O +of O +channel O +proteins O +. O + +aps B-category +Brush O +border O +membranes O +prepared O +by O +this O +procedure O +were O +substantially O +free O +of O +basal O +- O +lateral O +membranes O +, O +mitochondria O +, O +endoplasmic O +reticulum O +and O +nuclear O +material O +as O +evidenced O +by O +an O +enrichment O +factor O +of O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +3 O +for O +( O +Na O ++ O ++ O +K O ++ O +) O +- O +ATPase O +, O +succinate O +dehydrogenase O +, O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +c O +reductase O +and O +DNA O +. O + +aps B-category +Transport O +of O +p B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminohippuric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +were O +increased O +by O +the O +presence O +of O +NaCl B-Chemical +, O +either O +gradient O +or O +preequilibrated O +. O + +aps B-category +Uptakes O +of O +p B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminohippuric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +were O +not O +saturable O +, O +and O +were O +increased O +markedly O +by O +reducing O +the O +pH O +from O +7 O +. O +5 O +to O +5 O +. O +6 O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +the O +uptake O +of O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +p B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminohippuric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +by O +renal O +brush O +border O +membranes O +of O +the O +rabbit O +occurs O +primarily O +by O +a O +simple O +solubility O +- O +diffusion O +mechanism O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +method O +for O +partial O +purification O +of O +an O +enzyme O +system O +from O +greening O +wheat O +leaves O +which O +converts O +14C O +- O +labeled O +glutamate B-Chemical +to O +delta O +- O +aminolevulinic O +acid O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +Affinity O +labeling O +of O +histidine O +and O +lysine O +residue O +in O +the O +adenosine B-Chemical +deaminase O +substrate O +binding O +site O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +alkylation O +rate O +and O +involved O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +were O +studied O +for O +both O +reagents O +I O +and O +II O +, O +at O +pH O +8 O +and O +5 O +. O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +strain O +of O +the O +obligate O +anaerobe O +, O +Eubacterium O +lentum O +, O +isolated O +from O +human O +feces O +, O +catalyzes O +the O +21 O +- O +dehydroxylation O +of O +11 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deoxycorticosterone I-Chemical +to O +progesterone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +substrate O +concentration O +at O +half O +- O +maximal O +reaction O +velocity O +was O +8 O +. O +0 O +microM O +and O +a O +specific O +acitivity O +of O +5 O +. O +8 O +nmol O +[ O +3H O +] O +progesterone B-Chemical +formed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +synthesis O +of O +the O +alkylacyl O +type O +of O +choline B-Chemical +and O +ethanolamine O +glycerophospholipids O +was O +moderately O +inhibited O +by O +1 O +mM O +ATP O +and O +1 O +microM O +cyclic O +AMP O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclic O +AMP O +may O +mediate O +the O +effects O +of O +biogenic O +amines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +major O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +were O +16 O +: O +0 O +and O +20 O +: O +0 O +D O +- O +2 O +- O +hydroxy O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +unusual O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +of O +marine O +origin O +are O +suggested O +to O +originate O +in O +this O +long O +- O +chain O +base O +by O +metabolic O +conversion O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +a O +metallochromic O +indicator O +for O +ionized O +calcium B-Chemical +, O +arsenazo O +III O +is O +approximately O +50 O +times O +more O +sensitive O +than O +murexide O +. O + +aps B-category +Angiotensin B-Chemical +and O +bradykinin B-Chemical +interactions O +with O +phospholipids O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +apparent O +dissociation O +constant O +of O +this O +complex O +in O +chloroform B-Chemical +was O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +. O +The O +complex O +contained O +more O +than O +one O +cardiolipin O +molecule O +/ O +molecule O +of O +peptide O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +aqueous O +media O +, O +cardiolipin O +suspensions O +preferentially O +bound O +( O +des O +- O +Asp1 O +) O +- B-Chemical +angiotensin I-Chemical +II I-Chemical +, O +and O +inhibited O +its O +binding O +by O +antibody O +. O + +aps B-category +Arginine O +vasopressin B-Chemical +during O +gestation O +and O +parturition O +in O +sheep O +fetus O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +preparturient O +rise O +in O +fetal O +vasopressin B-Chemical +was O +noted O +, O +but O +levels O +increased O +progressively O +during O +labor O +to O +reach O +peak O +levels O +in O +cord O +blood O +( O +range O +7 O +. O +5 O +- O +- O +8 O +, O +000 O +pg O +/ O +ml O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +relationship O +between O +prolonged O +antepartum O +intrauterine O +asphyxia O +and O +increases O +in O +fetal O +vasopressin B-Chemical +was O +noted O +. O + +aps B-category +Alterations O +in O +creatinine B-Chemical +clearance O +during O +respiratory O +distress O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +Blood O +urea B-Chemical +nitrogen I-Chemical +remained O +unchanged O +. O + +aps B-category +Injection O +of O +kainic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +a O +potent O +neuroexcitant O +structurally O +related O +to O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +into O +the O +rat O +striatum O +causes O +a O +selective O +neuronal O +degeneration O +resembling O +that O +of O +HD O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +striatal O +kainate B-Chemical +lesion O +has O +aided O +in O +the O +characterization O +of O +the O +neuronal O +circuitry O +in O +the O +nigrostriatal O +axis O +including O +the O +neuronal O +localization O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +adenylate O +cyclase O +, O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +binding O +sites O +, O +and O +GABA B-Chemical +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +kainate B-Chemical +model O +has O +been O +used O +to O +test O +drugs O +that O +may O +be O +of O +therapeutic O +benefit O +for O +HD O +. O + +aps B-category +Dysphoric O +response O +to O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +treatment O +in O +schizophrenia O +: O +its O +relationship O +to O +autonomic O +arousal O +and O +prognosis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dysphoric O +response O +was O +unrelated O +to O +base O +- O +line O +dysphoria O +or O +to O +the O +extrapyramidal O +reactions O +to O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +medication O +, O +and O +seemed O +to O +reflect O +some O +basic O +biological O +differences O +between O +the O +poor O +prognosis O +nonparanoid O +, O +the O +good O +prognosis O +nonparanoid O +, O +and O +the O +paranoid O +schizophrenics O +. O + +aps B-category +Lumbar O +CSF O +HVA O +, O +MHPG B-Chemical +, O +5HIAA O +, O +cAMP B-Chemical +, O +and O +cGMP B-Chemical +were O +measured O +in O +12 O +chronic O +schizophrenics O +with O +tardive O +dyskinesia O +before O +and O +3 O +weeks O +after O +sodium B-Chemical +valproate I-Chemical +( O +VPA O +) O +or O +cyproheptadine B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +were O +no O +significant O +correlations O +between O +the O +degree O +of O +improvement O +in O +tardive O +dyskinesia O +and O +the O +changes O +of O +amine B-Chemical +metabolities O +or O +cyclic O +nucleotides O +. O + +aps B-category +Decrease O +of O +HVA O +and O +increase O +of O +cGMP B-Chemical +during O +the O +treatment O +might O +indicate O +the O +normalization O +of O +dopaminergic O +- O +cholinergic O +imbalance O +in O +the O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +absence O +of O +lung O +damage O +in O +rats O +after O +chronic O +exposure O +to O +2 O +ppm O +nitrogen B-Chemical +dioxide O +. O + +aps B-category +Finger O +tremor O +and O +extrapyramidal O +side O +- O +effects O +( O +EPSEs O +) O +were O +measured O +in O +seven O +patients O +before O +and O +during O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drug O +treatment O +to O +assess O +the O +relationship O +between O +the O +onset O +of O +EPSEs O +and O +changes O +in O +finger O +tremor O +spectra O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +downward O +shift O +in O +peak O +tremor O +frequently O +was O +noted O +within O +48 O +hours O +of O +starting O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drug O +therapy O +, O +usually O +before O +the O +onset O +of O +EPSEs O +, O +and O +a O +significant O +negative O +relationship O +between O +the O +severity O +of O +EPSEs O +and O +tremor O +frequency O +( O +but O +not O +tremor O +amplitude O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Superfusion O +of O +neurointermediate O +lobes O +of O +intact O +donor O +rats O +with O +medium O +containing O +45 O +mM O +K O ++ O +induced O +a O +stimulation O +of O +the O +release O +of O +oxytocin B-Chemical +, O +arginine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +vasopressin I-Chemical +and O +dopamine B-Chemical +( O +DA O +) O +and O +inhibited O +the O +release O +of O +MSH O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +dopaminergic O +plexus O +was O +left O +intact O +, O +as O +was O +the O +K O ++ O +- O +induced O +stimulation O +of O +DA O +release O +and O +inhibition O +of O +MSH O +release O +. O + +aps B-category +Exposure O +of O +neuroblastoma O +cells O +( O +NBD O +- O +2 O +) O +to O +8 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bromo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +cyclic O +monophosphate O +( O +0 O +. O +2 O +- O +1 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Above O +pH O +8 O +the O +reactivities O +of O +the O +glycyl O +amino B-Chemical +terminus O +and O +epsilon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +group O +increase O +sharply O +indicating O +that O +insulin O +is O +undergoing O +a O +conformational O +change O +which O +is O +most O +likely O +a O +change O +in O +its O +association O +state O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +behaviour O +is O +interpreted O +as O +a O +rapid O +disaggregation O +of O +insulin O +to O +form O +monomers O +as O +a O +result O +of O +the O +ionization O +of O +the O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +growth O +hormone O +on O +the O +metabolism O +of O +a O +tryptophan B-Chemical +load O +in O +the O +liver O +and O +brain O +of O +hypophysectomized O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +shown O +that O +contrary O +to O +previous O +reports O +, O +growth O +hormone O +is O +also O +capable O +of O +antagonizing O +the O +induction O +of O +these O +enzymes O +by O +tryptophan B-Chemical +and O +alpha O +- O +methyl O +tryptophan B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Growth O +hormone O +decreases O +the O +rate O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +catabolism O +in O +vivo O +after O +induction O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +pyrrolase O +by O +tryptophan B-Chemical +and O +alpha O +- O +methyl O +tryptophan B-Chemical +. 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O +2 O +and O +35 O +degrees O +C O +for O +2 O +h O +, O +filtering O +to O +remove O +precipitates O +, O +and O +enriching O +with O +K2HPO4 O +( O +0 O +. O +5 O +g O +/ O +L O +) O +, O +NaNO3 O +( O +3 O +. O +0 O +g O +/ O +L O +) O +, O +and O +FeSO4 O +( O +0 O +. O +01 O +g O +/ O +L O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Growth O +of O +S O +. O +maxima O +was O +inhibited O +at O +higher O +concentration O +of O +urea B-Chemical +in O +the O +culture O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +Tests O +conducted O +on O +the O +130 O +- O +L O +cultivation O +open O +pond O +also O +confirmed O +that O +the O +seawater B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +urea I-Chemical +medium O +supports O +growth O +of O +S O +. O +maxima O +as O +well O +as O +the O +best O +known O +synthetic O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +101 O +and O +0 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Unlike O +that O +of O +serum O +of O +urine O +lysozyme O +and O +serum O +copper B-Chemical +, O +the O +determination O +of O +urine O +arylsulfatase O +activities O +appears O +to O +be O +a O +consistent O +, O +useful O +indicator O +of O +response O +to O +antileukemic O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +pH O +on O +the O +ratio O +of O +substitution O +products O +in O +DNA O +after O +reaction O +with O +the O +carcinogen O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetoxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetylaminofluorene I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +case O +of O +N O +- O +AcO O +- O +AAF O +, O +the O +ratio O +of O +N O +- O +( O +guanin O +- O +8 O +- O +yl O +) O +- B-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetylaminofluorene I-Chemical +( O +N O +- O +( O +guanine O +- O +8 O +- O +yl O +) O +- O +AAF O +) O +to O +3 O +- O +( O +guanin O +- O +N2 O +- O +yl O +) O +- B-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetylaminofluorene I-Chemical +( O +3 O +- O +( O +guanin O +- O +N2 O +- O +yl O +) O +- O +AAF O +) O +increased O +2 O +. O +2 O +times O +over O +the O +entire O +pH O +range O +studied O +, O +starting O +at O +pH O +9 O +. O + +aps B-category +Ascorbic O +acid O +shows O +nonuniform O +behavior O +: O +it O +accelerates O +the O +nitrosation O +of O +N O +- O +methylaniline O +between O +pH O +1 O +. O +00 O +and O +1 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Influence O +of O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +, O +ouabain B-Chemical +and O +hydrostatic O +pressure O +on O +inulin O +and O +electrolyte O +concentration O +of O +fluid O +perfusing O +pig O +carotid O +arteries O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +Rapid O +effects O +of O +hormones O +on O +the O +metabolism O +of O +glycogen O +and O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +were O +studied O +in O +the O +perfused O +liver O +of O +normal O +and O +genetically O +obese O +( O +ob O +/ O +ob O +) O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +hormones O +inhibited O +the O +synthesis O +de O +novo O +of O +long O +- O +chain O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +livers O +from O +normal O +mice O +, O +but O +not O +in O +livers O +from O +obese O +mice O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Both O +drugs O +increased O +extracellular O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +concentrations O +and O +depressed O +extracellular O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +concentrations O +in O +nephrectomized O +rats O +compared O +with O +controls O +but O +did O +not O +alter O +these O +parameters O +in O +intact O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +Absence O +of O +adrenergic O +mediation O +of O +agonist O +response O +to O +[ O +Sar1 O +, O +Ala8 O +] O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +in O +conscious O +normotensive O +and O +hypertensive O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +increases O +in O +blood O +pressure O +and O +renal O +vascular O +resistance O +were O +unaffected O +by O +administration O +of O +either O +phentolamine B-Chemical +or O +guanethidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Dependence O +of O +deoxycorticosterone B-Chemical +/ O +salt B-Chemical +hypertension O +in O +the O +rat O +on O +the O +activity O +of O +adrenergic O +cardiac O +nerves O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +second O +- O +order O +rate O +constants O +for O +the O +interaction O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +with O +O2 O +- O +are O +smaller O +and O +range O +from O +0 O +. O +1 O +to O +about O +20 O +1 O +mol O +- O +1s O +- O +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +diffusion O +experiments O +show O +, O +the O +singular O +physicochemical O +properties O +which O +give O +calcium B-Chemical +hydroxide O +a O +special O +place O +in O +dentistry O +only O +apply O +to O +water O +- O +containing O +pastes O +. O + +aps B-category +Partial O +carbonation O +of O +Ca O +( O +OH O +) O +2 O +by O +absorption O +of O +CO2 O +from O +air O +does O +not O +lead B-Chemical +to O +any O +lowering O +of O +pH O +of O +the O +Ca O +( O +OH O +) O +2 O +paste O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +open O +angle O +glaucoma O +( O +the O +more O +common O +form O +) O +may O +progress O +to O +near O +blindness O +without O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +main O +types O +differing O +by O +their O +behavioural O +and O +biochemical O +characteristics O +are O +described O +: O +- O +- O +Disuse O +hypersensitivity O +to O +dopamine B-Chemical +agonists O +, O +induced O +by O +an O +interruption O +of O +dopaminergic O +transmission O +, O +seems O +to O +depend O +on O +an O +increased O +number O +of O +post O +- O +synaptic O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptors O +; O +- O +- O +Hyposensitivity O +to O +dopamine B-Chemical +agonists O +, O +induced O +by O +an O +overstimulation O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptors O +, O +could O +depend O +on O +their O +qualitative O +or O +quantitative O +modifications O +; O +- O +- O +Behavioural O +facilitation O +, O +elicited O +by O +a O +previous O +administration O +of O +dopaminergic O +agonists O +in O +low O +dosage O +, O +could O +be O +associated O +with O +an O +hyposensitivity O +of O +dopaminergic O +autoreceptors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +uptakes O +of O +four O +neurotransmitters O +( O +taurine O +, O +GABA B-Chemical +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +, O +and O +dopamine B-Chemical +) O +by O +blood O +platelets O +from O +patients O +with O +degenerative O +- O +type O +progressive O +myoclonus O +epilepsy O +( O +PME O +) O +and O +from O +controls O +were O +studied O +using O +different O +incubation O +times O +and O +different O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +a O +) O +For O +mitochondria O +incubated O +with O +externally O +added O +DL O +- O +isocitrate O +and O +citrate B-Chemical +, O +the O +rate O +of O +isocitrate O +oxidation O +obtained O +by O +extrapolation O +to O +infinite O +alpha O +- O +methylisocitrate O +concentration O +was O +approximately O +70 O +% O +of O +the O +uninhibited O +rate O +in O +both O +state O +3 O +and O +state O +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +c O +) O +With O +externally O +added O +isocitrate O +and O +citrate B-Chemical +, O +the O +addition O +of O +NH4Cl O +increased O +isocitrate O +oxidation O +by O +3 O +- O +- O +4 O +- O +fold O +, O +decreased O +NADPH B-Chemical +levels O +by O +30 O +- O +- O +40 O +% O +and O +2 O +- O +oxoglutarate O +accumulation O +by O +about O +40 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +a O +) O +In O +the O +coupled O +reduction O +of O +acetoacetate O +by O +isocitrate O +, O +where O +the O +rate O +of O +reoxidation O +of O +reduced O +pyridine O +nucleotides O +is O +limited O +by O +NAD O +- O +specific O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxybutyrate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +, O +85 O +- O +- O +100 O +% O +of O +the O +rate O +of O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxybutyrate I-Chemical +formation O +was O +retained O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +400 O +- O +- O +900 O +microM O +alpha O +- O +methylisocitrate O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Non O +- O +lethal O +doses O +of O +the O +lithium B-Chemical +salts O +produced O +no O +effect O +on O +LD16 O +, O +LD50 O +and O +LD84 O +of O +triphtazine O +and O +haloperidol B-Chemical +, O +but O +non O +- O +lethal O +doses O +of O +these O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +potentiated O +the O +action O +of O +lethal O +doses O +of O +the O +lithium B-Chemical +salts O +. O + +aps B-category +Aminazin O +and O +lithium B-Chemical +salts O +increased O +also O +each O +other O +' O +s O +toxicity O +in O +instances O +where O +one O +of O +the O +drugs O +was O +administered O +in O +a O +non O +- O +lethal O +dose O +, O +whereas O +the O +other O +in O +a O +lethal O +one O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +animals O +with O +intact O +brain O +, O +sodium B-Chemical +hydroxybutyrate O +inhibiting O +baroreceptor O +reflexes O +enhanced O +vasomotor O +reactions O +caused O +by O +activation O +of O +cutaneous O +and O +visceral O +nerves O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +activated O +neutral O +protease O +from O +human O +skeletal O +muscle O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuronal O +antigens O +can O +be O +demonstrated O +histologically O +by O +numerous O +direct O +and O +indirect O +immunocytochemical O +techniques O +in O +which O +a O +specific O +antibody O +is O +identified O +by O +a O +marker O +compound O +such O +as O +fluorescein B-Chemical +isothiocyanate O +, O +ferritin O +, O +or O +horseradish O +peroxidase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +immunocytochemical O +localization O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +is O +compared O +to O +the O +localization O +of O +two O +peptides O +, O +substance O +P O +and O +[ O +Met5 O +] O +- O +enkephalin O +, O +in O +the O +A2 O +region O +of O +the O +medulla O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +diurnal O +cyclicity O +in O +seizure O +responsiveness O +has O +been O +described O +with O +greatest O +seizure O +severity O +at O +8 O +AM O +in O +parallel O +with O +a O +rise O +in O +urinary O +output O +of O +cortisol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +from O +bovine O +erythrocytes O +: O +kinetic O +properties O +and O +the O +electrophoretic O +comparison O +of O +its O +subunit O +structure O +with O +G6PDH O +from O +other O +sources O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +study O +compared O +prazepam O +with O +diazepam B-Chemical +, O +chlorazepate O +dipotassium O +, O +and O +placebo O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +anxious O +out O +- O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Drowsiness O +was O +reported O +by O +two O +people O +in O +the O +placebo O +group O +, O +one O +taking O +chlorazepate O +dipotassium O +, O +three O +on O +prazepam O +and O +one O +on O +diazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Hopkins O +Symptom O +Check O +- O +list O +found O +prazepam O +and O +diazepam B-Chemical +to O +be O +superior O +to O +placebo O +and O +chlorazepate O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +parental O +aspirin B-Chemical +on O +the O +gastric O +mucosal O +barrier O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Back O +- O +diffusion O +studies O +, O +including O +the O +ion O +fluxes O +and O +lumenal O +potential O +difference O +, O +were O +performed O +in O +control O +situations O +and O +either O +0 O +. O +5 O +or O +4 O +h O +after O +the O +intraperitoneal O +administration O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +acetylsalicylate I-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +Exogenous O +ammonium B-Chemical +ions O +( O +NH O +( O +4 O +) O +( O ++ O +) O +) O +and O +amine B-Chemical +compounds O +had O +a O +profound O +influence O +on O +the O +antibacterial O +activity O +of O +the O +myeloperoxidase B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydrogen I-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +system O +against O +Escherichia O +coli O +. O + +aps B-category +Myeloperoxidase O +catalyzed O +the O +oxidation O +of O +chloride B-Chemical +to O +hypochlorous O +acid O +, O +which O +reacted O +either O +with O +bacterial O +amine B-Chemical +or O +amide O +components O +or O +both O +or O +with O +the O +exogenous O +compounds O +to O +yield O +chloramine O +or O +chloramide O +derivatives O +or O +both O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +an O +important O +role O +for O +leukocyte O +amine B-Chemical +components O +in O +myeloperoxidase O +- O +catalyzed O +antimicrobial O +activity O +in O +vivo O +. 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O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +spectral O +and O +kinetic O +properties O +in O +the O +steady O +state O +of O +the O +reoxidation O +reaction O +of O +the O +enzyme O +reduced O +with O +NADPH B-Chemical +and O +NADH O +were O +somewhat O +different O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +result O +is O +consistent O +with O +the O +fact O +that O +the O +NADH O +- O +dependent O +oxidase O +activity O +was O +6 O +. O +4 O +times O +greater O +than O +that O +dependent O +on O +NADPH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Similarly O +, O +the O +formation O +of O +semiquinone O +was O +observed O +in O +the O +absorption O +spectrum O +with O +either O +NADPH B-Chemical +or O +NADH O +under O +the O +same O +conditions O +as O +in O +the O +EPR O +measurement O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +medium O +contains O +basal O +salts O +, O +vitamins O +, O +alpha O +- O +ketoglutaric O +acid O +, O +pyruvate B-Chemical +, O +0 O +. O +05 O +% O +l B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cysteine I-Chemical +, O +0 O +. O +05 O +% O +glutathione B-Chemical +, O +and O +a O +mixture O +of O +20 O +additional O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +each O +of O +0 O +. O +01 O +% O +final O +concentration O +, O +except O +serine O +, O +which O +was O +at O +0 O +. O +1 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +during O +the O +development O +of O +this O +medium O +showed O +that O +CO2 O +, O +pyruvate B-Chemical +, O +and O +alpha O +- O +ketoglutarate O +strongly O +stimulated O +growth O +; O +that O +cysteine B-Chemical +and O +methionine B-Chemical +were O +required O +for O +growth O +; O +and O +that O +serine O +, O +threonine O +, O +histidine O +, O +tyrosine B-Chemical +, O +and O +tryptophane O +were O +energy O +sources O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +organisms O +did O +not O +use O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +polysaccharides O +, O +as O +judged O +by O +cell O +yields O +when O +these O +carbohydrates O +were O +present O +or O +absent O +. O + +aps B-category +Beta O +- O +mercaptoethanol O +, O +thioglycolate O +, O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +, O +and O +Tween O +80 O +( O +0 O +. O +05 O +% O +) O +inhibited O +growth O +strongly O +or O +completely O +. O + +aps B-category +Relaxation O +of O +bovine O +coronary O +artery O +and O +activation O +of O +coronary O +arterial O +guanylate O +cyclase O +by O +nitric B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +, O +nitroprusside B-Chemical +and O +a O +carcinogenic O +nitrosoamine O +. O + +aps B-category +Nitroprusside B-Chemical +, O +N O +- O +methyl O +- O +N O +' O +- O +nitro O +- O +N O +- O +nitrosoguanidine O +( O +MNNG O +) O +and O +NO O +elicit O +concentration O +- O +dependent O +relaxation O +of O +precontraced O +helical O +strips O +of O +bovine O +coronary O +artery O +. O + +aps B-category +Similarly O +, O +these O +heme O +proteins O +, O +methylene O +blue O +and O +another O +oxidant O +, O +ferricyanide O +, O +markedly O +inhibit O +the O +activation O +of O +coronary O +arterial O +guanylate O +cyclase O +by O +NO O +, O +nitroprusside B-Chemical +and O +MNNG O +. O + +aps B-category +Ultrastructural O +localization O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +in O +microperoxisomes O +of O +the O +rat O +nervous O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +several O +nervous O +system O +cell O +types O +that O +contain O +relatively O +numerous O +catalase O +- O +positive O +bodies O +, O +contain O +none O +with O +detectable O +D O +- O +AAO O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +adult O +rat O +kidney O +, O +alanine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +( O +EC O +2 O +. O +6 O +. O +1 O +. O +2 O +) O +, O +aspartate B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +( O +EC O +2 O +. O +6 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +) O +and O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +oxidase O +( O +EC O +1 O +. O +4 O +. O +3 O +. O +3 O +) O +were O +measured O +in O +glomeruli O +, O +4 O +parts O +of O +the O +proximal O +tubule O +, O +2 O +parts O +of O +the O +distal O +tubule O +and O +in O +patches O +from O +the O +thin O +limb O +area O +and O +the O +papilla O +. O + +aps B-category +Alanine O +aminotransferase O +( O +lower O +by O +a O +factor O +of O +100 O +in O +absolute O +terms O +) O +was O +distributed O +as O +the O +mirror O +image O +of O +aspartate B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +within O +proximal O +and O +distal O +tubules O +. O + +aps B-category +Distribution O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +in O +the O +rat O +central O +nervous O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +content O +correlated O +well O +with O +sites O +of O +suspected O +glutamergic O +activity O +in O +keeping O +with O +the O +view O +of O +a O +critical O +role O +of O +astrocytes O +in O +the O +regulation O +of O +the O +putative O +neurotransmitter O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +cardiac O +glycoside O +- O +sensitive O +K O ++ O +- O +dependent O +phosphatase O +was O +predominantly O +localized O +in O +this O +region O +of O +the O +cheif O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Phosphorylation O +of O +2 O +- O +deoxyglucose O +in O +red O +cells O +was O +inhibited O +by O +both O +products O +of O +the O +2 O +- O +deoxyglucose O +- O +phosphorylating O +reaction O +, O +namely O +, O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deoxyglucose I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +and O +ADP O +. O + +aps B-category +Antidepressants O +and O +lithium B-Chemical +therapy O +greatly O +improve O +the O +prognosis O +of O +these O +disorders O +; O +monoamine O +oxidase O +inhibitors O +and O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +are O +indicated O +for O +special O +subtypes O +of O +depression O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +do O +this O +, O +we O +have O +compared O +the O +selectivity O +of O +batrachotoxin O +- O +activated O +channels O +for O +alkali B-Chemical +cations O +, O +organic O +cations O +, O +and O +nonelectrolytes O +in O +two O +neuroblastoma O +clonal O +cell O +lines O +: O +N18 O +, O +which O +has O +normal O +tetrodotoxin O +( O +TTX O +) O +sensitivity O +, O +and O +C9 O +, O +which O +is O +relatively O +TTX O +- O +resistant O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +gustatory O +receptors O +of O +the O +eel O +palate O +were O +found O +to O +be O +extremely O +sensitive O +to O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +and O +carboxylic O +acids O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +was O +always O +much O +less O +than O +that O +of O +their O +corresponding O +L O +- O +isomers O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +b O +) O +The O +threshold O +concentrations O +of O +the O +most O +potent O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +( O +arginine O +, O +glycine B-Chemical +) O +were O +between O +10 O +( O +- O +8 O +) O +and O +10 O +( O +- O +9 O +) O +M O +. O +A O +linear O +relation O +between O +the O +magnitude O +of O +the O +response O +and O +log O +stimulus O +concentration O +held O +for O +a O +wide O +concentration O +range O +for O +all O +the O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +examined O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +d O +) O +The O +extent O +of O +cross O +- O +adaptation O +was O +examined O +with O +various O +combinations O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +No O +cross O +- O +adaptation O +was O +observed O +between O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +and O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Glutamine O +synthetase O +and O +glutamate B-Chemical +synthase O +activities O +during O +growth O +and O +sporulation O +in O +Bacillus O +subtilis O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +derepressed O +when O +either O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +or O +nitrate B-Chemical +was O +used O +as O +nitrogen B-Chemical +source O +. O + +aps B-category +Glutamate B-Chemical +synthase O +activity O +, O +however O +, O +underwent O +a O +small O +and O +apparently O +transient O +increase O +in O +bacteria O +induced O +to O +sporulate O +by O +nitrogen B-Chemical +limitation O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +reovirus O +, O +the O +infectivity O +of O +SA11 O +was O +more O +rapidly O +inactivated O +by O +heating O +at O +50 O +degrees O +C O +. O +SA11 O +infectivity O +was O +inactivated O +above O +pH O +10 O +. O +0 O +and O +by O +heating O +at O +50 O +degrees O +C O +in O +2 O +M O +- O +MgCl2 O +, O +but O +was O +stabilized O +by O +heating O +in O +2 O +m O +- O +MgSO4 O +; O +reovirus O +1 O +infectivity O +was O +enhanced O +by O +heating O +in O +MgCl2 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +interactions O +between O +hydrated O +trichloroacetaldehyde O +and O +cobalt B-Chemical +( O +II O +) O +bovine O +carbonic O +anhydrase O +B O +have O +been O +investigated O +as O +a O +function O +of O +pH O +by O +means O +of O +electronic O +spectroscopy O +of O +FT O +nmr O +spectroscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +Neurochemical O +parameters O +in O +the O +hyperresponsive O +phase O +after O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +to O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Neutral O +lipid O +accumulation O +in O +yeast O +due O +to O +inositol B-Chemical +deficiency O +: O +kinetic O +studies O +on O +the O +reciprocal O +regulation O +by O +fructose O +bisphosphate O +and O +citrate B-Chemical +of O +yeast O +acetyl O +CoA O +carboxylase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activation O +of O +the O +enzyme O +reflected O +the O +fluctuation O +due O +to O +the O +deficiency O +in O +the O +levels O +of O +fructose O +bisphosphate O +and O +citrate B-Chemical +( O +Hayashi O +et O +al O +. O + +aps B-category +Citrate B-Chemical +greatly O +decreased O +the O +apparent O +Vmax O +value O +increased O +by O +fructose O +bisphosphate O +. O + +aps B-category +Fifteen O +children O +followed O +as O +outpatients O +with O +chronic O +inflammatory O +disease O +of O +the O +colon O +were O +given O +sulfasalazine B-Chemical +in O +doses O +from O +1 O +to O +4 O +gm O +/ O +day O +( O +22 O +to O +68 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +or O +0 O +. O +69 O +to O +2 O +. O +33 O +gm O +/ O +m2 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Best O +results O +were O +obtained O +with O +gradients O +consisting O +of O +Medium O +199 O +, O +Renografin B-Chemical +and O +mouse O +serum O +. O + +aps B-category +Where O +one O +barbiturate B-Chemical +had O +been O +ingested O +an O +inverse O +relationship O +between O +lipid O +solubility O +of O +the O +drug O +and O +the O +distribution O +in O +fluids O +and O +tissues O +was O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +drug O +caused O +inhibition O +of O +leucocyte O +migration O +, O +principally O +of O +mononuclear O +cells O +into O +the O +pleural O +cavity O +of O +rats O +undergoing O +carrageenan B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +pleurisy O +. O + +aps B-category +Isamide O +, O +the O +N O +- O +chloroacetyl O +derivative O +of O +5 O +- O +methoxytryptamine O +, O +produced O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +competitive O +blockade O +of O +uterine O +contractions O +in O +vitro O +induced O +by O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +blockade O +was O +short O +- O +lasting O +and O +reversible O +; O +after O +recovery O +, O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +increase O +in O +the O +uterine O +sensitivity O +to O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +was O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +simultaneous O +application O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +plus O +isamide O +partially O +prevented O +the O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +auto O +blockade O +phenomenon O +. O + +aps B-category +Specific O +membrane O +- O +binding O +of O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +the I-Chemical +role O +of O +degradative O +enzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +rapid O +, O +inexpensive O +method O +for O +the O +separation O +of O +5 O +- O +1 O +- O +isoleucyl O +[ O +14C O +] O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +( O +A O +- O +II O +) O +from O +its O +various O +metabolites O +has O +been O +devised O +. O + +aps B-category +Synthesis O +, O +properties O +and O +biological O +activity O +of O +tritiated O +N O +- O +benzylamidino O +- O +3 O +, O +5 O +- O +diamino O +- O +6 O +- O +chloro O +- O +pyrazine O +carboxamide O +- O +- O +a O +new O +ligand O +for O +epithelial O +sodium B-Chemical +channels O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +stored O +in O +ethanol B-Chemical +at O +- O +4 O +degrees O +C O +the O +radioligand O +remains O +stable O +for O +at O +least O +15 O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +affinity O +of O +benzamil O +for O +sodium B-Chemical +channels O +in O +amphibian O +epithelia O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +is O +approximately O +10 O +( O +9 O +) O +M O +- O +1 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +drugs O +investigated O +included O +, O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +sotalol B-Chemical +, O +oxprenolol B-Chemical +, O +labetolol O +, O +timolol B-Chemical +, O +metoprolol B-Chemical +and O +acebutolol O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +timed O +release O +dosage O +form O +has O +been O +prepared O +by O +means O +of O +a O +fluidized O +bed O +coating O +technique O +using O +ethyl O +cellulose O +as O +the O +polymeric O +film O +and O +caffeine B-Chemical +and O +salicylic O +acid O +as O +model O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Betamethasone O +- O +17 O +- O +valerate O +has O +been O +shown O +to O +decompose O +to O +betamethasone O +- O +21 O +- O +valerate O +and O +betamethasone O +alcohol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aluminium B-Chemical +content O +of O +a O +number O +of O +proprietary O +antacid O +formulations O +has O +been O +determined O +by O +titration O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +fluoride B-Chemical +, O +using O +the O +fluoride B-Chemical +activity O +electrode O +as O +an O +end O +- O +point O +detector O +. O + +aps B-category +Can O +the O +alterations O +in O +serum O +glucocorticoid O +concentrations O +explain O +the O +effects O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +and O +benfluorex O +on O +the O +synthesis O +of O +hepatic O +triacylglycerols O +? O + +aps B-category +Lithium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +head O +twitches O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +125I O +- O +labelled O +Rose O +Bengal O +in O +the O +quantitative O +estimation O +of O +fazadinium O +and O +other O +quaternary B-Chemical +ammonium I-Chemical +compounds O +in O +biological O +fluids O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +simple O +colorimetric O +method O +for O +the O +estimation O +of O +D O +( O +- O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +penicillamine I-Chemical +in O +plasma O +. O + +aps B-category +Potentially O +biodegradable O +microcapsules O +with O +poly O +( O +alkyl O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cyanoacrylate I-Chemical +) O +membranes O +. O + +aps B-category +Potentiation O +of O +muscimol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +hyperactivity O +by O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ionization O +kinetics O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +acids O +are O +slow O +relative O +to O +those O +of O +classical O +acids O +and O +bases O +. O + +aps B-category +Phenindione O +acid O +deprotonation O +kinetics O +by O +various O +oxygen B-Chemical +and O +nitrogen B-Chemical +bases O +suggested O +that O +, O +with O +bases O +of O +pKa O +4 O +. O +7 O +- O +- O +8 O +. O +5 O +and O +in O +the O +pH O +5 O +- O +- O +8 O +. O +5 O +range O +, O +the O +acidic O +phenindione O +proton O +as O +approximately O +45 O +% O +transferred O +in O +the O +rate O +- O +determining O +transition O +state O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ionization O +kinetics O +of O +1 O +. O +3 O +- O +diketone O +carbon B-Chemical +acids O +are O +slow O +relative O +to O +those O +of O +classical O +acids O +and O +bases O +. O + +aps B-category +Differential O +potentiometric O +method O +for O +determining O +dissociation O +constants O +of O +very O +slightly O +water O +- O +soluble O +drugs O +applied O +to O +the O +sulfonamide O +diuretic B-Chemical +chlorthalidone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +From O +four O +determinations O +, O +a O +value O +of O +9 O +. O +24 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +02 O +( O +mean O ++ O +/ O +- O +SEM O +) O +resulted O +for O +the O +apparent O +dissociation O +constant O +of O +the O +first O +chlorthalidone B-Chemical +acid O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +kinetics O +and O +mechanism O +of O +hydrolysis O +of O +the O +cytotoxic O +drug O +chlorambucil B-Chemical +were O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +the O +effects O +of O +the O +isomers O +of O +amphetamine B-Chemical +, O +methylphenidate B-Chemical +and O +deoxypipradrol O +on O +the O +uptake O +of O +l O +- O +[ O +3H O +] O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +and O +[ O +3H O +] O +dopamine B-Chemical +by O +synaptic O +vesicles O +from O +rat O +whole O +brain O +, O +striatum O +and O +hypothalamus O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +S O +- O +( O ++ O +) O +- O +deoxypipradrol O +and O +its O +R O +- O +( O +- O +) O +- O +enantiomer O +were O +approximately O +equipotent O +inhibitors O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amine I-Chemical +uptake O +into O +these O +synaptic O +vesicular O +preparations O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +suggest O +that O +the O +receptor O +sites O +on O +the O +amine B-Chemical +pumps O +present O +in O +the O +membranes O +of O +all O +three O +vesicular O +preparations O +are O +similar O +in O +so O +far O +as O +they O +are O +all O +sensitive O +to O +the O +stereochemical O +configuration O +around O +the O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carbon I-Chemical +of O +amphetamine B-Chemical +but O +are O +not O +sensitive O +to O +the O +stereochemical O +configuration O +around O +the O +analogous O +carbon B-Chemical +of O +deoxypipradrol O +and O +methylphenidate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Incubation O +of O +slices O +of O +rat O +cerebral O +cortex O +with O +the O +beta O +adrenergic O +receptor O +agonist O +( O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +isoproterenol I-Chemical +led O +to O +a O +30 O +to O +50 O +% O +decrease O +in O +the O +number O +of O +binding O +sites O +for O +[ O +125I O +] O +iodohydroxybenzylpindolol O +and O +to O +a O +60 O +to O +80 O +% O +decrease O +in O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stimulated I-Chemical +cyclic O +AMP O +accumulation O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +decrease O +in O +beta O +adrenergic O +receptor O +density O +was O +also O +observed O +following O +chronic O +treatment O +with O +desmethylimipramine B-Chemical +which O +blocks O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +reuptake O +and O +thus O +potentiates O +the O +effects O +of O +neurally O +released O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +at O +adrenergic O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Pancreatic O +acinar O +cells O +: O +the O +effect O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +, O +ammonium B-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +and O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +on O +intercellular O +communication O +. O + +aps B-category +Skin O +pH O +fell O +to O +a O +value O +0 O +. O +02 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +02 O +units O +below O +normal O +10 O +min O +after O +the O +hypoxic O +period O +, O +suggesting O +the O +presence O +of O +excess O +lactate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +non O +- O +stimulated O +state O +, O +the O +net O +flux O +of O +Na O ++ O +was O +6 O +. O +61 O +micronequiv O +/ O +cm2 O +. O +hr O +from O +mucosal O +( O +luminal B-Chemical +, O +secretory O +) O +to O +serosal O +( O +nutrient O +, O +blood O +) O +side O +, O +whereas O +the O +net O +flux O +of O +Cl O +- O +was O +only O +0 O +. O +79 O +micronequiv O +/ O +cm2 O +. O +hr O +, O +and O +the O +direction O +was O +from O +serosal O +to O +mucosal O +side O +. O + +aps B-category +Substitution O +of O +SO2 O +- O +( O +4 O +) O +for O +Cl O +- O +had O +no O +effect O +on O +active O +transport O +of O +Na O ++ O +, O +but O +choline B-Chemical +substitution O +for O +Na O ++ O +diminished O +active O +transport O +of O +Cl O +- O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +, O +cells O +from O +cultures O +grown O +in O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +supplemented I-Chemical +medium O +secreted O +less O +of O +the O +enzyme O +than O +ciliates O +of O +comparable O +age O +grown O +in O +unsupplemented O +proteose O +- O +peptone O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +swelling O +increased O +with O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +reciprocal O +of O +the O +hydration O +radius O +, O +a O +decrease O +in O +salt B-Chemical +concentration O +, O +and O +at O +pH O +below O +or O +above O +similar O +to O +4 O +. O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibitory O +effect O +of O +natural O +food O +dyes O +on O +leucine B-Chemical +aminopeptidase O +, O +acid O +phosphatase O +and O +esterase O +in O +vitro O +was O +proportional O +to O +the O +toxic O +effect O +of O +the O +dyes O +on O +the O +survival O +time O +of O +Paramecium O +caudatum O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +the O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +used O +produced O +mammary O +growth O +in O +the O +intensity O +sequence O +of O +thioridazine B-Chemical +greater O +than O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +greater O +than O +promethazine B-Chemical +greater O +than O +propericiazine O +greater O +than O +perphenazine O +greater O +than O +levomethiomeprazine O +. O + +aps B-category +Approaching O +long O +- O +term O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +treatment O +of O +schizophrenia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hazards O +of O +tardive O +dyskinesia O +require O +a O +rigorous O +design O +for O +any O +long O +- O +term O +use O +of O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Hormone O +secretion O +in O +alcohol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +pseudo O +- O +Cushing O +' O +s O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +insufficient O +suppression O +of O +plasma O +cortisol B-Chemical +to O +the O +overnight O +administration O +of O +1 O +mg O +of O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +was O +accompanied O +by O +an O +absent O +diurnal O +rhythm O +of O +plasma O +cortisol B-Chemical +and O +an O +increased O +cortisol B-Chemical +secretion O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +normal O +increase O +of O +plasma O +cortisol B-Chemical +, O +adrenocorticotropic O +hormone O +, O +and O +growth O +hormone O +in O +response O +to O +an O +insulin O +induced O +hypoglycemia O +was O +not O +compatible O +with O +the O +diagnosis O +Cushing O +' O +s O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +Feedback O +regulation O +of O +nephron O +filtration O +rate O +during O +pharmacologic O +interference O +with O +the O +renin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +angiotensin I-Chemical +and O +adrenergic O +systems O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +infusion O +of O +the O +angiotensin B-Chemical +( O +A O +) O +antagonists O +[ O +Sar1 O +, O +Ile8 O +- O +] O +- O +AII O +or O +[ O +Me2 O +, O +Gly1 O +, O +Ile8 O +] O +- O +AII O +at O +doses O +ranging O +from O +4 O +. O +8 O +to O +30 O +. O +6 O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +significant O +reduction O +in O +the O +feedback O +response O +was O +noted O +also O +during O +intravenous O +infusion O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +( O +46 O +. O +4 O ++ O +/ O +- O +3 O +. O +2 O +% O +vs O +. O +29 O +. O +0 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +8 O +% O +, O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +, O +whereas O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +OH I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopamine I-Chemical +, O +reserpine B-Chemical +, O +or O +phenoxybenzamine O +had O +no O +detectable O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +circulating O +catecholamines B-Chemical +may O +, O +in O +some O +unknown O +manner O +, O +act O +as O +modulators O +of O +the O +feedback O +response O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +examined O +the O +effects O +of O +altering O +serosal O +or O +mucosal O +bath O +pH O +on O +transport O +of O +water O +, O +urea B-Chemical +, O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Raising O +the O +serosal O +pH O +to O +9 O +. O +5 O +had O +the O +opposite O +effect O +: O +urea B-Chemical +permeability O +was O +inhibited O +by O +40 O +% O +without O +altering O +water O +flow O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +was O +especially O +marked O +for O +urea B-Chemical +, O +suggesting O +that O +an O +alteration O +in O +the O +urea B-Chemical +response O +to O +cyclic O +AMP O +may O +be O +particularly O +important O +in O +defining O +vasopressin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stimulated I-Chemical +urea B-Chemical +permeability O +as O +the O +serosal O +bath O +pH O +is O +altered O +. O + +aps B-category +Tricyclic O +antidepressants B-Chemical +and O +histamine B-Chemical +H1 O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +a O +group O +, O +tertiary O +amine B-Chemical +tricyclic O +antidepressants B-Chemical +tended O +to O +be O +more O +potent O +than O +secondary O +amine B-Chemical +drugs O +at O +both O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +tricyclic O +drugs O +except O +desipramine B-Chemical +hydrochloride O +were O +more O +potent O +as O +antihistamines O +than O +as O +anticholinergics O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Indications O +for O +the O +use O +of O +tiapride B-Chemical +in O +extrapyramidal O +pathology O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Decreased O +antistereotypic O +effect O +of O +neuroliptics O +after O +additional O +treatment O +with O +a O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +, O +a O +GABA B-Chemical +agonist O +or O +an O +anticholinergic O +compound O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +vitro O +and O +in O +vivo O +inhibition O +by O +zopiclone B-Chemical +of O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +binding O +to O +rodent O +brain O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Pergolide B-Chemical +: O +a O +potent O +dopaminergic O +antihypertensive O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +suppressed O +strains O +exhibit O +a O +partial O +revertant O +phenotype O +since O +the O +parental O +aminopterin O +resistance O +remained O +unchanged O +but O +the O +associated O +sensitivity O +to O +an O +excess O +concentration O +of O +the O +branched O +chain O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +L O +- O +isoleucine O +, O +L O +- O +valine O +and O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical +was O +diminished O +almost O +to O +the O +level O +of O +the O +wild O +- O +type O +strain O +C13 O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +new O +method O +of O +chemical O +synthesis O +of O +alpha O +- O +ketoisocaproic O +acid O +( O +the O +keto O +analogue O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical +) O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +Formation O +of O +higher O +alcohols O +from O +alpha O +- O +keto O +acids O +has O +an O +acidic O +pH O +optimum O +while O +that O +from O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +has O +a O +neutral O +or O +a O +weakly O +alkaline O +pH O +optimum O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Lactate B-Chemical +oxidation O +by O +Hansenula O +anomala O +cells O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +product O +of O +oxidation O +is O +pyruvate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pH O +optimum O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +oxidation O +is O +8 O +. O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +scheme O +is O +proposed O +for O +lactate B-Chemical +oxidation O +by O +the O +cells O +with O +damaged O +membranes O +whose O +amount O +after O +lyophilization O +is O +10 O +- O +- O +20 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +phenol B-Chemical +on O +the O +growth O +rate O +and O +respiration O +was O +studied O +with O +the O +yeast O +Candida O +mycoderma O +cultivated O +in O +the O +pH O +- O +static O +conditions O +with O +continuous O +recording O +of O +the O +principal O +kinetic O +parameters O +of O +the O +population O +. O + +aps B-category +Adaptation O +of O +the O +culture O +in O +terms O +of O +the O +growth O +rate O +and O +the O +rate O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +uptake O +was O +detected O +within O +10 O +- O +- O +15 O +hours O +of O +cultivation O +. O + +aps B-category +International O +symposium O +" O +DDAVP B-Chemical +in O +Bleeding O +Disorders O +" O +, O +Münster O +, O +16 O +- O +17 O +March O +1979 O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Interaction O +of O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +and O +lower O +aliphatic O +alcohols O +with O +erythrocyte O +membranes O +: O +a O +scanning O +calorimetric O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +Striatal O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +: O +comparison O +of O +the O +activation O +produced O +by O +depolarization O +and O +dibutyryl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cAMP I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Multiple O +apparent O +alpha O +- O +noradrenergic O +receptor O +binding O +sites O +in O +rat O +brain O +: O +effect O +of O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxydopamine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +these O +experiments O +at O +least O +920 O +- O +fold O +purification O +was O +obtained O +by O +using O +dTTP O +( O +50 O +microM O +) O +as O +nucleotide B-Chemical +protector O +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +azide O +- O +induced O +mutagenesis O +in O +Saccharomyces O +cerevisiae O +. O + +aps B-category +Reconstruction O +experiments O +showed O +that O +the O +increase O +of O +mutations O +in O +complete O +medium O +was O +not O +due O +to O +a O +selection O +of O +prototrophic O +types O +under O +growth O +conditions O +and O +, O +therefore O +, O +that O +sodium B-Chemical +azide O +acts O +as O +a O +weak O +mutagen O +in O +S O +. O +cerevisiae O +under O +growth O +conditions O +at O +a O +low O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +the O +development O +of O +both O +strains O +was O +optimal O +between O +25 O +to O +33 O +degrees O +C O +at O +pH O +6 O +and O +with O +10 O +g O +/ O +l O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +the O +( O +- O +) O +strain O +always O +growed O +less O +than O +the O +( O ++ O +) O +strain O +. O + +aps B-category +Depression O +of O +exploratory O +activity O +by O +clonidine B-Chemical +in O +rats O +as O +a O +model O +for O +the O +detection O +of O +relative O +pre O +- O +and O +postsynaptic O +central O +noradrenergic O +receptor O +selectivity O +of O +alpha O +- O +adrenolytic O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Sea O +anemone O +toxin O +II O +( O +ATX O +II O +) O +and O +MCD O +- O +peptide O +, O +like O +other O +depolarizing O +agents O +, O +raise O +the O +content O +of O +cGMP B-Chemical +and O +to O +a O +lesser O +extent O +of O +cAMP B-Chemical +in O +mouse O +cerebellar O +slices O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +both O +toxins O +and O +veratridine B-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +of O +high O +potassium B-Chemical +stimulation O +were O +prevented O +by O +tetrodotoxin O +( O +TTX O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +so O +- O +called O +Ca2 O ++ O +- O +antagonist O +( O +- O +) O +- O +D O +- O +600 O +blocked O +the O +increase O +of O +cGMP B-Chemical +due O +to O +ATX O +II O +, O +MCD O +- O +peptide O +, O +veratridine B-Chemical +and O +high O +potassium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +examined O +the O +effects O +of O +vanadate O +on O +the O +potassium B-Chemical +dependent O +phosphatase O +activity O +present O +in O +purified O +human O +kidney O +microsomal O +( O +Na O ++ O ++ O +K O ++ O +) O +- B-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +triphosphatase O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +inhibition O +was O +also O +reversible O +upon O +inclusion O +of O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +in O +the O +assay O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +hemodialysis O +on O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +was O +studied O +in O +15 O +patients O +on O +maintenance O +dialysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Arterial O +PO2 O +was O +lower O +after O +than O +before O +dialysis O +, O +but O +arterial O +and O +central O +venous O +oxygen B-Chemical +saturations O +did O +not O +change O +significantly O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +, O +contrary O +to O +previous O +assumptions O +, O +the O +hemodialysis O +- O +induced O +rise O +in O +pH O +with O +its O +consequent O +increase O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +hemoglobin O +affinity O +did O +not O +impair O +oxygen B-Chemical +delivery O +in O +this O +group O +of O +patients O +on O +maintenance O +dialysis O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Clinical O +pharmacology O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +nitroprusside I-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +regional O +differences O +in O +the O +sensitivity O +of O +protein O +synthesis O +and O +free O +radical O +processes O +to O +temperature O +, O +trypsin O +, O +urea B-Chemical +and O +LiCl B-Chemical +were O +studied O +in O +Obelia O +flexuosa O +by O +means O +of O +autoradiography O +. O + +aps B-category +Photodimerization O +of O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +radical O +CPZS O +. O ++ O +under O +the O +irradiation O +of O +UV O +light O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mechanisms O +of O +decomposition O +of O +Ketazone O +sodium B-Chemical +in O +aqueous O +solutions O +and O +its O +acidic O +form O +in O +solid O +state O +are O +proposed O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +fed O +rats O +the O +mechanisms O +of O +the O +action O +of O +spiroperidol O +( O +SPI O +) O +, O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +( O +CPZ O +) O +, O +fluphenazine B-Chemical +( O +FLU O +) O +and O +thioridazine B-Chemical +( O +TRZ O +) O +blood O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +liver O +glycogen O +, O +serum O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +( O +FFA O +) O +and O +K O +ion O +levels O +were O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Antagonist O +of O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +receptor O +, O +propranolol B-Chemical +did O +not O +practically O +influence O +metabolic O +responses O +to O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +experiments O +suggest O +that O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +may O +induce O +hyperglycemic O +response O +by O +activation O +of O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +receptors O +by O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +alpha O +- O +adrenertic O +blocking O +action O +of O +these O +drugs O +in O +the O +central O +nervous O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +on O +the O +mechanism O +of O +the O +interaction O +of O +narcotic O +analgesics O +with O +brain O +serotonin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Histamine B-Chemical +H1 O +- O +receptor O +antagonist O +mepyramine O +and O +H2 O +- O +receptor O +antagonist O +metiamide O +, O +respectively O +diminished O +and O +potentiated O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +( O +A O +II O +) O +- O +induced O +myotropic O +responses O +in O +the O +rabbit O +aortic O +strips O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +degradation O +by O +aminoguanidine B-Chemical +potentiates O +A O +II O +' O +s O +responses O +. O + +aps B-category +Reversal O +of O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +stupor O +by O +procyclidin O +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +the O +substances O +which O +had O +remained O +anonymous O +, O +the O +main O +shares O +are O +represented O +by O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +( O +28 O +% O +) O +, O +narcotic O +drugs O +( O +19 O +% O +) O +, O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +( O +15 O +% O +) O +and O +alcohol B-Chemical +( O +15 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +monitoring O +test O +for O +the O +liability O +of O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +to O +induce O +tardive O +dyskinesia O +. O + +aps B-category +Substitution O +of O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +, O +thioridazine B-Chemical +, O +clozapine B-Chemical +, O +melperone O +, O +or O +fluphenazine B-Chemical +for O +the O +daily O +haloperidol B-Chemical +administration O +temporarily O +reduced O +the O +signs O +of O +tardive O +dyskinesia O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +therefore O +suggested O +that O +this O +animal O +model O +could O +be O +used O +to O +monitor O +neurological O +side O +effects O +in O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +eight O +subjects O +with O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +under O +an O +optimal O +daily O +dose O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +, O +acute O +administration O +of O +MIF O +- O +I O +( O +200 O +mg O +i O +. O +v O +. 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O + +aps B-category +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +diazo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +l I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +norleucine I-Chemical +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +chloro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +l I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +norvaline I-Chemical +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +diazo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +l I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +norvaline I-Chemical +and O +NSC O +- O +163501 O +) O +and O +thiol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +reactive I-Chemical +compounds O +( O +e O +. O +g O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methionine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +DL I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sulfoximine I-Chemical +and O +beta O +- O +N O +- O +oxalyl O +- O +L O +- O +alpha O +, O +beta O +- O +diaminopropionic O +acid O +on O +nitrogenase O +biosynthesis O +and O +activity O +in O +Rhodopseudomonas O +capsulata O +. O + +aps B-category +Modulation O +of O +rat O +myometrial O +guanylate O +cyclase O +activities O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +nitroprusside I-Chemical +and O +unsaturated O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Phospho O +ADP O +ribosylation O +of O +human O +glucose B-Chemical +6 O +phosphate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +: O +probable O +mechanism O +of O +the O +occurrence O +of O +hyperanodic O +forms O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Pharmacological O +properties O +of O +6 O +- O +( O +o O +- O +chlorophenyl O +) O +- B-Chemical +8 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ethyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4H I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +s I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +triazolo I-Chemical +[ O +3 O +, O +4 O +- O +c O +] O +thieno O +[ O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +e O +] O +[ O +1 O +, O +4 O +] O +diazepine O +( O +Y O +- O +7131 O +) O +, O +a O +new O +anti O +- O +anxiety O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +acute O +toxicity O +of O +Y O +- O +7131 O +was O +considerably O +lower O +than O +that O +of O +diazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Y O +- O +7131 O +appears O +to O +be O +a O +characteristic O +and O +potent O +anti O +- O +anxiety O +agent O +different O +from O +the O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +new O +derivative O +of O +thienodiazepine B-Chemical +, O +6 O +- O +( O +o O +- O +chlorophenyl O +) O +- B-Chemical +8 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ethyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4H I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +s I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +triazolo I-Chemical +[ O +3 O +, O +4 O +- O +c O +] O +thieno O +[ O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +e O +] O +[ O +1 O +, O +4 O +] O +diazepine O +( O +Y O +- O +7131 O +) O +decreased O +the O +turnover O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +) O +but O +not O +that O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +( O +DA O +) O +in O +the O +rat O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Imipramine B-Chemical +decreased O +the O +turnover O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +, O +whereas O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +increased O +the O +turnover O +of O +DA O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Vesicles O +are O +formed O +by O +solubilizing O +mixtures O +of O +phosphatidylcholine O +and O +cholesterol B-Chemical +with O +sodium B-Chemical +cholate B-Chemical +and O +removing O +the O +detergent O +by O +rapid O +( O +hollow O +fiber O +) O +dialysis O +[ O +e O +. O +g O +. O +, O +Goldin O +, O +S O +. O +M O +. O +( O +1977 O +) O +J O +. O +Biol O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +thermodynamic O +consequences O +of O +the O +proton O +pump O +are O +discussed O +and O +a O +maximal O +P O +/ O +O O +ratio O +of O +1 O +1 O +/ O +3 O +for O +' O +site O +3 O +' O +is O +predicted O +in O +agreement O +with O +state O +4 O +redox O +potentials O +and O +phosphate B-Chemical +potential O +. O + +aps B-category +Various O +methods O +to O +measure O +the O +rate O +of O +accumulation O +of O +[ O +3 O +- O +14C O +] O +pyruvate B-Chemical +in O +the O +sucrose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +impermeable I-Chemical +space O +of O +isolated O +rat O +liver O +mitochondria O +are O +tested O +and O +compared O +with O +respect O +to O +their O +ability O +to O +distinguish O +between O +carrier O +- O +linked O +pyruvate B-Chemical +transport O +and O +non O +- O +carrier O +- O +linked O +processes O +( O +adsorption O +and O +diffusion O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +procedures O +which O +avoid O +the O +use O +of O +transport O +inhibitors O +allow O +more O +reliable O +estimates O +of O +carrier O +- O +linked O +pyruvate B-Chemical +transport O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +appropriate O +concentrations O +of O +procaine B-Chemical +, O +repriming O +was O +markedly O +impaired O +with O +only O +a O +small O +reduction O +in O +the O +amplitude O +of O +repolarization O +- O +induced O +contractures O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +phosphate B-Chemical +linkages O +and O +the O +structure O +of O +a O +disaccharide O +unit O +of O +the O +type O +- O +specific O +polysaccharide O +of O +Pneumococcus O +type O +XIX O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +M O +or O +2M O +HCl O +at O +100 O +degrees O +for O +3 O +h O +, O +4 O +- O +O O +- O +( O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deoxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +mannopyranosyl I-Chemical +) O +- B-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +4 O +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +was O +liberated O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Superfusion O +with O +orciprenaline B-Chemical +, O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +( O +beta O +1 O +- O +and O +beta O +2 O +- O +stimulants O +) O +or O +tazolol O +( O +beta O +1 O +- O +stimulant O +) O +led O +to O +a O +concentration O +- O +dependent O +enhancement O +in O +the O +pressor O +response O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +tachycardia O +elicited O +by O +the O +hypothalamic O +stimulation O +was O +slightly O +increased O +by O +the O +hypothalamic O +stimulation O +was O +slightly O +increased O +by O +orciprenaline B-Chemical +, O +tazolol O +and O +terbutaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Superfusion O +with O +butoxamine O +prior O +to O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +reduced O +the O +enhancing O +effect O +of O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +on O +the O +pressor O +response O +, O +while O +superfusion O +with O +atenolol B-Chemical +abolished O +or O +even O +reversed O +it O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hypotension O +was O +more O +pronounced O +than O +that O +seen O +after O +an O +acute O +cervical O +transection O +of O +the O +spinal O +cord O +or O +after O +hexamethonium B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +adrenal O +demedullated O +rats O +substitution O +with O +adrenaline B-Chemical +after O +alpha O +- O +receptor O +blockade O +produced O +tachycardia O +and O +hypotension O +of O +the O +same O +degree O +as O +seen O +in O +intact O +rats O +after O +alpha O +- O +receptor O +blockade O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +acute O +administration O +of O +phentolamine B-Chemical +or O +phenoxybenzamine O +, O +by O +blocking O +alpha O +- O +receptors O +causes O +a O +reflex O +increase O +in O +adrenaline B-Chemical +output O +, O +which O +subsequently O +further O +decreases O +the O +blood O +pressure O +and O +increases O +the O +heart O +frequency O +by O +stimulation O +of O +beta O +- O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +response O +pattern O +of O +the O +autonomic O +nervous O +system O +was O +investigated O +after O +central O +administration O +( O +intra O +- O +cisternal O +, O +vertebral O +artery O +) O +of O +amphetamine B-Chemical +, O +morphine B-Chemical +, O +fentanyl B-Chemical +, O +dextromoramide O +and O +the O +substance O +R O +28935 O +, O +chemically O +related O +to O +the O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +agent O +pimozide O +. O + +aps B-category +Amphetamine B-Chemical +facilitated O +the O +vagally O +mediated O +reflex O +bradycardia O +and O +this O +was O +antagonized O +by O +the O +alpha O +- O +adrenoceptor O +blocking O +agent O +piperoxan O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +sulfasalazine B-Chemical +on O +selected O +lymphocyte O +subpopulations O +in O +vivo O +and O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +vitro O +studies O +with O +control O +cells O +were O +performed O +to O +determine O +the O +influence O +of O +sulfasalazine B-Chemical +and O +its O +components O +( O +sulfapyridine O +or O +5 O +- O +aminosalicylic O +acid O +) O +on O +the O +extent O +of O +antibody O +- O +dependent O +cellular O +cytotoxicity O +( O +ADCC O +) O +, O +as O +well O +as O +on O +the O +number O +of O +T O +cells O +and O +CRL O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Physiologic O +regulation O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +transport O +in O +muscles O +( O +according O +to O +mathematical O +analysis O +of O +experimental O +findings O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reaction O +was O +inhibited O +only O +by O +p O +- O +chloromercuribenzoic O +acid O +and O +by O +diethyl O +maleate B-Chemical +and O +methyl O +iodide O +, O +which O +are O +substrates O +for O +GSH O +S O +- O +transferases O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +, O +II O +was O +produced O +from O +I O +in O +incubation O +mixtures O +containing O +9000 O +g O +supernatant O +fraction O +or O +combined O +microsomes O +and O +cytosol O +, O +but O +not O +in O +mixtures O +containing O +microsomes O +or O +cytosol O +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activities O +of O +4 O +- O +chloro O +- O +N O +- O +methylaniline O +demethylase O +, O +glutathione B-Chemical +transferase O +, O +and O +4 O +- O +aminobenzoate O +N O +- O +acetyltransferase O +were O +significantly O +decreased O +in O +pneumonectomizd O +animals O +relative O +to O +shamoperated O +controls O +at O +10 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +of O +the O +metabolites O +resulted O +from O +opening O +of O +the O +furan O +ring O +; O +these O +are O +7 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +8 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methoxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2H I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +benzopyran I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +A O +) O +, O +alpha O +, O +7 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dihydroxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +8 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methoxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2H I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +benzopyran I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +B O +) O +, O +and O +an O +unknown O +conjugate O +of O +A O +at O +the O +7 O +- O +hydroxy O +position O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +molecular O +weight O +of O +the O +acetylsalicylate B-Chemical +hydrolase O +was O +66 O +, O +400 O +based O +on O +SDS O +- O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +of O +the O +Sephadex O +- O +purified O +enzyme O +and O +59 O +, O +000 O +based O +on O +gel O +filtration O +. O + +aps B-category +Identification O +of O +some O +human O +urinary O +metabolites O +of O +orally O +administered O +potassium B-Chemical +canrenoate O +by O +stable O +isotope O +- O +labeling O +techniques O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +steroids B-Chemical +in O +urine O +collected O +for O +24 O +hr O +after O +dosage O +were O +isolated O +on O +XAD O +- O +2 O +resin O +, O +and O +purified O +and O +fractionated O +into O +groups O +by O +lipophilic O +gel O +chromatography O +before O +and O +after O +hydrolysis O +of O +conjugates O +. O + +aps B-category +Determination O +of O +amitriptyline B-Chemical +and O +its O +major O +basic O +metabolites O +in O +human O +urine O +by O +high O +- O +performance O +liquid O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +10 O +- O +Hydroxylated O +metabolites O +are O +analyzed O +as O +their O +10 O +, O +11 O +- O +dehydro O +analogs O +, O +and O +primary O +and O +secondary O +amines B-Chemical +as O +their O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +trifluoroacetyl I-Chemical +derivatives O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +administration O +of O +a O +single O +oral O +dose O +( O +25 O +mg O +) O +of O +amitriptyline B-Chemical +hydrochloride O +to O +two O +human O +subjects O +, O +no O +unchanged O +drug O +was O +found O +in O +any O +of O +the O +urine O +samples O +analyzed O +up O +to O +72 O +hr O +after O +dosing O +, O +and O +only O +small O +amounts O +of O +nortriptyline B-Chemical +and O +desmethylnortriptyline O +were O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +interaction O +of O +isoniazid B-Chemical +with O +its O +hepatotoxic O +metabolite O +acetylhydrazine O +has O +been O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +vivo O +, O +however O +, O +coadministered O +isoniazid B-Chemical +inhibited O +the O +acetylation O +to O +diacetylhydrazine O +and O +concomitantly O +increased O +the O +microsomal O +metabolism O +of O +14C O +- O +acetylhydrazine O +to O +a O +reactive O +intermediate O +which O +covalently O +bound O +to O +liver O +macromolecules O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +diazepam B-Chemical +, O +desmethylimipramine B-Chemical +, O +and O +SKF O +525 O +- O +A O +on O +the O +disposition O +of O +levo B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methadone I-Chemical +in O +mice O +after O +single O +or O +double O +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +Phenytoin B-Chemical +, O +phenobarbitone B-Chemical +, O +ephedrine B-Chemical +and O +rifampicin B-Chemical +accelerate O +the O +metabolism O +of O +glucocorticoids O +thereby O +decreasing O +their O +biological O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Models O +of O +neuroendocrine O +regulation O +: O +use O +of O +monosodium B-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +as O +an O +investigational O +tool O +. O + +aps B-category +Prolactin O +levels O +were O +elevated O +in O +the O +glutamate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +male O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Measurement O +of O +neurotransmitters O +and O +neurotransmitter O +- O +related O +enzymes O +in O +individual O +hypothalamic O +nuclei O +derived O +from O +MSG O +- O +treated O +rats O +revealed O +normal O +levels O +of O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +, O +serotonin B-Chemical +and O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +decarboxylase O +, O +but O +reduced O +levels O +of O +choline B-Chemical +acetyltransferase O +and O +dopamine B-Chemical +in O +the O +arcuate O +nucleus O +and O +median O +eminence O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +MSG O +- O +treated O +animals O +exhibited O +a O +normal O +diurnal O +rhythm O +of O +pineal O +serotonin B-Chemical +N O +- O +acetyltransferase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +noninnervated O +optic O +lobe O +had O +a O +normal O +blood O +- O +brain O +barrier O +but O +a O +depressed O +ability O +to O +accumulate O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +from O +plasma O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +basis O +of O +clinical O +observations O +and O +animal O +pharmacology O +, O +the O +hypothesis O +of O +two O +types O +of O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +may O +be O +considered O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +( O +" O +bipolars O +" O +) O +would O +be O +stimulating O +at O +a O +low O +dosage O +and O +sedatives O +at O +a O +high O +dosage O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Loxapine O +succinate O +: O +a O +new O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Used O +in O +28 O +chronic O +schizophrenics O +, O +19 O +of O +which O +were O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +resistent O +patients O +, O +the O +parenteral O +route O +proved O +to O +be O +anti O +- O +psychotic O +and O +sedative O +in O +26 O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +paper O +summarizes O +the O +presentations O +made O +during O +the O +Lucca O +symposium O +( O +1 O +- O +3 O +October O +, O +1977 O +) O +on O +long O +- O +acting O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +mechanism O +of O +impaired O +in O +vitro O +generation O +of O +3 O +, O +5 O +, O +3 O +' O +- O +triiodothyronine O +from O +thyroxine B-Chemical +in O +the O +livers O +of O +hypothyroid O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +pH O +on O +coenzyme O +binding O +to O +liver O +alcohol B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aromatic O +proton O +resonances O +in O +the O +360 O +- O +MHz O +1H O +nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +( O +NMR O +) O +spectrum O +of O +bovine O +pancreatic O +ribonuclease O +were O +divided O +into O +histidine O +, O +tyrosine B-Chemical +and O +phenylalanine O +resonances O +by O +means O +of O +pH O +titrations O +and O +double O +resonance O +experiments O +. 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O + +aps B-category +This O +report O +presents O +a O +review O +of O +tumors O +, O +except O +those O +of O +pituitary O +, O +that O +have O +been O +reported O +to O +occur O +in O +women O +taking O +combined O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptive I-Chemical +preparations O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +perforation O +of O +the O +uterine O +fundus O +ranges O +from O +1 O +: O +1000 O +to O +1 O +: O +2500 O +insertions O +, O +while O +that O +of O +cervical O +perforation O +with O +the O +copper B-Chemical +devices O +ranges O +from O +1 O +: O +600 O +to O +1 O +: O +1000 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Benefits O +from O +OC O +use O +include O +marked O +decreases O +in O +the O +incidence O +of O +menorrhagia O +, O +benign O +breast O +disease O +, O +dysmenorrhea O +, O +iron B-Chemical +deficiency O +anemia O +, O +premenstrual O +tension O +and O +ovarian O +cyst O +formation O +- O +- O +all O +of O +which O +will O +be O +discussed O +only O +briefly O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +brief O +outline O +is O +given O +of O +alterations O +in O +the O +normal O +physiology O +caused O +by O +cigarette O +smoking B-Chemical +, O +aging O +and O +taking O +combined O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptive I-Chemical +pills O +. O + +aps B-category +Each O +contraceptive O +pill O +has O +a O +unique O +profile O +of O +activity O +which O +is O +dependent O +upon O +both O +the O +dosage O +and O +type O +of O +progestogen O +and O +estrogen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Advantages O +and O +disadvantages O +of O +low O +- O +dose O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptives I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Contemporary O +" O +low O +- O +dose O +" O +varieties O +are O +those O +containing O +less O +than O +50 O +micrograms O +of O +estrogen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +formation O +of O +several O +steroids B-Chemical +was O +determined O +in O +vitro O +in O +adrenals O +removed O +from O +18 O +female O +and O +six O +male O +fetuses O +of O +113 O +- O +115 O +days O +' O +gestation O +and O +in O +two O +female O +and O +two O +male O +fetuses O +at O +near O +term O +( O +137 O +- O +143 O +days O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Protein O +and O +corticosterone B-Chemical +concentrations O +were O +determined O +by O +chromophore O +absorption O +and O +acid O +hydrolysis O +fluorescence O +methods O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Cholesterol B-Chemical +formation O +was O +significantly O +higher O +in O +female O +( O +0 O +. O +103 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +079 O +muM O +/ O +mg O +protein O +) O +than O +in O +male O +( O +0 O +. O +044 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +011 O +muM O +/ O +mg O +protein O +) O +adrenals O +at O +both O +stages O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relevance O +of O +these O +findings O +to O +better O +survival O +of O +female O +premature O +newborns O +from O +respiratory O +distress O +syndrome O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +with O +male O +, O +is O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +explanation O +for O +the O +observed O +mortality O +trend O +is O +not O +apparent O +, O +but O +is O +unlikely O +to O +be O +the O +result O +of O +improved O +nutritional O +status O +of O +the O +population O +alone O +, O +or O +because O +of O +treatment O +of O +severe O +hepatitis O +with O +adrenal O +corticosteroids B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +intravenous O +human O +chorionic O +gonadotropin O +administration O +, O +the O +only O +response O +seen O +was O +a O +slight O +rise O +in O +ovarian O +levels O +of O +delta O +4A O +and O +DHEA B-Chemical +; O +after O +intravenous O +adrenocorticotropic O +hormone O +stimulation O +, O +the O +adrenal O +levels O +of O +delta O +4A O +, O +testosterone B-Chemical +and O +DHEA B-Chemical +rose O +significantly O +. O + +aps B-category +Microadministration O +of O +ketamine B-Chemical +during O +labor O +and O +delivery O +of O +Nigerian O +women O +. O + +aps B-category +Euhypnos O +Forte O +( O +temazepam B-Chemical +) O +in O +insomniac O +patients O +: O +a O +clinical O +trial O +in O +general O +practice O +. O + +aps B-category +Euhypnos O +Forte O +( O +temazepam B-Chemical +) O +for O +resistant O +insomnia O +: O +a O +clinical O +trial O +. O + +aps B-category +Out O +of O +the O +remaining O +fifty O +- O +one O +patients O +, O +thirty O +- O +five O +were O +best O +suited O +by O +40 O +mg O +and O +sixteen O +by O +60 O +mg O +of O +temazepam B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Loss O +of O +TAT O +induction O +by O +steroid B-Chemical +was O +accompanied O +by O +loss O +of O +TAT O +induction O +by O +dBcAMP O +and O +of O +PDE O +suppression O +by O +steroid B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +origins O +of O +unconjugated O +bilirubin B-Chemical +in O +bile O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +it O +was O +suggested O +that O +enzymatic O +and O +nonenzymatic O +hydrolysis O +contributes O +to O +the O +existence O +of O +unconjugated O +bilirubin B-Chemical +in O +bile O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +receptor O +antagonists O +on O +ion O +transport O +by O +isolated O +ileum O +of O +the O +rabbit O +. O + +aps B-category +Cimetidine B-Chemical +2 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +mol O +kg O +- O +1 O +min O +- O +1 O +( O +30 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +hr O +- O +1 O +) O +and O +1 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +mol O +kg O +- O +1 O +min O +- O +1 O +( O +150 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +hr O +- O +1 O +) O +significantly O +reduced O +gastric O +hemorrhage O +whether O +given O +prophylactically O +before O +gastric O +injury O +or O +therapeutically O +after O +completion O +of O +gastric O +injury O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fate O +and O +neutralizing O +efficiency O +of O +oral O +antacids O +( O +aluminum B-Chemical +and O +magnesium B-Chemical +hydroxides O +) O +as O +well O +as O +their O +effect O +on O +postprandial O +gastric O +function O +were O +quantified O +in O +6 O +patients O +with O +duodenal O +ulcer O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +studies O +show O +that O +: O +( O +a O +) O +antacid O +therapy O +with O +aluminum B-Chemical +and O +magnesium B-Chemical +hydroxides O +significantly O +increases O +gastric O +secretion O +; O +( O +b O +) O +intragastric O +neutralization O +of O +gastric O +acid O +produces O +a O +significant O +and O +substantial O +decrease O +in O +net O +acid O +output O +( O +acid O +secreted O +minus O +acid O +neutralized O +) O +, O +but O +the O +beneficial O +effects O +of O +neutralization O +are O +partially O +offset O +by O +incomplete O +intragastric O +formation O +of O +aluminum B-Chemical +trichloride O +; O +( O +c O +) O +most O +but O +not O +all O +of O +the O +ingested O +antacid O +is O +utilized O +in O +acid O +neutralization O +in O +the O +stomach O +( O +average O +78 O +. O +6 O +% O +in O +our O +6 O +patients O +) O +; O +and O +( O +d O +) O +antacid O +therapy O +does O +not O +modify O +the O +absolute O +rate O +of O +postprandial O +gastric O +emptying O +, O +but O +increases O +dilution O +of O +gastric O +contents O +, O +expanding O +the O +intragastric O +volume O +. O + +aps B-category +Physical O +state O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +in O +the O +ganglia O +and O +nerve O +endings O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +upon O +gastric O +emptying O +. O + +aps B-category +Meal O +A O +, O +which O +contained O +80 O +ml O +alcohol B-Chemical +, O +emptied O +more O +rapidly O +than O +meal O +B O +, O +which O +contained O +40 O +ml O +ethanol B-Chemical +and O +63 O +. O +3 O +g O +dextrose B-Chemical +; O +and O +meal O +B O +emptied O +more O +rapidly O +than O +meal O +C O +, O +which O +contained O +126 O +. O +6 O +g O +dextrose B-Chemical +but O +no O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +the O +duodenal O +osmoreceptor O +mechanism O +is O +relatively O +insensitive O +to O +ethanol B-Chemical +; O +that O +the O +relationship O +between O +energy O +density O +and O +gastric O +emptying O +rate O +does O +not O +hold O +in O +the O +case O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +; O +and O +that O +the O +gastro O +- O +oesophageal O +reflux O +which O +occurs O +in O +response O +to O +ethanol B-Chemical +is O +not O +due O +to O +impairment O +of O +gastric O +emptying O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +determine O +the O +placental O +clearance O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +in O +sheep O +, O +the O +fetal O +side O +of O +an O +isolated O +cotyledon O +and O +the O +umbilical O +circulation O +of O +the O +total O +placenta O +were O +artificially O +perfused O +. O + +aps B-category +From O +these O +data O +, O +the O +clearance O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +was O +determined O +to O +be O +0 O +. O +9 O +( O +SE O += O +0 O +. O +2 O +) O +ml O +/ O +h O +/ O +g O +of O +placental O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +indicate O +that O +fetal O +concentration O +changes O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +due O +to O +placental O +transfer O +occur O +with O +a O +half O +time O +of O +about O +4 O +h O +. O +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +the O +lactate B-Chemical +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +permeability O +of O +the O +syndesmochorial O +placenta O +of O +the O +sheep O +is O +about O +20 O +times O +smaller O +than O +the O +placental O +permeability O +of O +the O +hemochorial O +placenta O +of O +the O +guinea O +pig O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +differences O +in O +organ O +radioactivity O +of O +experimental O +and O +control O +mice O +were O +observed O +when O +some O +uniformly O +labeled O +with O +14C O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +were O +given O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +sputum O +cultures O +are O +very O +limited O +in O +their O +value O +, O +blind O +chemotherapy O +of O +bacterial O +infections O +by O +substances O +like O +tetracycline B-Chemical +, O +ampicilline O +, O +azidocilline O +or O +cotrimoxazole O +is O +allowed O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Clinical O +testing O +and O +presentation O +of O +a O +new O +hypnotic O +on O +the O +basis O +of O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +29 O +% O +of O +the O +patients O +with O +known O +prior O +contrast B-Chemical +agent O +incompatibility O +suffered O +from O +anaphylactoid O +symptoms O +mostly O +of O +a O +subjective O +type O +( O +heat O +sensation O +, O +nausea O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Lipogenic O +capacity O +of O +various O +dietary O +carbohydrates O +starch O +, O +glucose B-Chemical +sucrose B-Chemical +and O +lactose O +was O +tested O +during O +ad O +lib O +feeding O +and O +starvation O +followed O +by O +refeeding O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +activity O +inducing O +effect O +was O +again O +exhibited O +by O +sucrose B-Chemical +diet O +during O +ad O +lib O +and O +restricted O +refeeding O +followed O +by O +starvation O +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +of O +catalase O +( O +500 O +U O +/ O +ml O +) O +to O +the O +granule O +extract O +bactericidal O +system O +did O +not O +protect O +; O +however O +, O +the O +same O +concentration O +of O +catalase O +completely O +inhibited O +the O +bactericidal O +activity O +of O +the O +myeloperoxidase O +- O +Cl O +- O +- O +H2O2 B-Chemical +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Heat O +- O +labile O +enterotoxin O +( O +LT O +) O +produced O +by O +a O +human O +strain O +of O +enterotoxigenic O +Escherichia O +coli O +( O +286C O +( O +2 O +) O +) O +was O +purified O +to O +homogeneity O +from O +pH O +extracts O +of O +fermentor O +- O +grown O +cells O +by O +ultrafiltration O +, O +( O +NH O +( O +4 O +) O +) O +( O +2 O +) O +SO O +( O +4 O +) O +fractionation O +, O +hydrophobic O +chromatography O +on O +norleucine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Sepharose I-Chemical +4B O +, O +hydroxylapatite O +chromatography O +, O +and O +Bio O +- O +Gel O +P O +- O +150 O +filtration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +of O +purified O +LT O +was O +quite O +different O +from O +that O +of O +cholera O +toxin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +possible O +role O +of O +pili O +in O +the O +pathogenesis O +of O +urinary O +tract O +infections O +caused O +by O +Klebsiella O +pneumoniae O +was O +studied O +in O +an O +in O +vitro O +mixture O +of O +a O +phosphate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +buffered I-Chemical +saline O +suspension O +of O +rat O +bladder O +epithelial O +cells O +and O +phosphate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +buffered I-Chemical +saline O +- O +washed O +K O +. O +pneumoniae O +. O + +aps B-category +CFA O +/ O +I O +is O +a O +polymer O +of O +identical O +subunits O +of O +molecular O +weight O +23 O +, O +800 O +with O +an O +N O +- O +terminal O +valine O +, O +37 O +% O +hydrophobic O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +, O +and O +11 O +residues O +of O +proline O +per O +mol O +. O + +aps B-category +administration O +of O +bufuralol O +- O +HCl O +or O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +could O +be O +shown O +that O +Bufuralol O +- O +HCl O +lowered O +the O +diastolic O +BP O +and O +PR O +at O +rest O +already O +in O +the O +acute O +experiment O +, O +contrary O +to O +Propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +first O +product O +of O +the O +reaction O +is O +the O +corresponding O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxo I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +epsilon I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +which O +spontaneously O +cyclizes O +to O +the O +internal O +Schiff O +base O +5 O +- O +6 O +- O +dihydro O +- O +delta O +3 O +, O +1 O +, O +4 O +- O +thiazin O +- O +3 O +- O +carboxylic O +acid O +( O +TZCA O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +ten O +year O +follow O +- O +up O +of O +lithium B-Chemical +use O +. O + +aps B-category +flavodoxin O +, O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +P O +- O +450 O +reductase O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +riboflavin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +protein O +of O +hen O +egg O +whites O +binds O +8 O +- O +mercaptoriboflavin O +preferentially O +in O +the O +unionized O +state O +, O +resulting O +in O +a O +shift O +in O +pK O +from O +3 O +. O +8 O +with O +free O +8 O +- O +mercaptoriboflavin O +to O +greater O +than O +or O +equal O +to O +9 O +. O +0 O +with O +the O +protein O +- O +bound O +form O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +enzymes O +catalyzed O +the O +transfer O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +from O +ATP O +to O +calf O +thymus O +histone O +H2B O +, O +as O +well O +as O +to O +two O +synthetic O +peptides O +, O +Arg O +- O +Lys O +- O +Arg O +- O +Ser32 O +- O +Arg O +- O +Lys O +- O +Glu O +and O +Arg O +- O +Lys O +- O +Glu O +- O +Ser36 O +- O +Tyr O +- O +Ser O +- O +Val O +, O +corresponding O +to O +the O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +sequences O +around O +serine O +32 O +and O +serine O +36 O +in O +histone O +H2B O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +phosphorylation O +of O +histone O +H2B O +by O +cyclic O +GMP O +- O +dependent O +kinase O +showed O +two O +distinct O +optima O +as O +the O +magnesium B-Chemical +concentration O +was O +increased O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +suggest O +that O +although O +the O +two O +cyclic B-Chemical +nucleotide I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +protein O +kinases O +have O +similar O +substrate O +specificities O +, O +the O +determinants O +dictated O +by O +the O +primary O +sequence O +around O +the O +two O +phosphorylation O +sites O +in O +histone O +H2B O +are O +different O +for O +the O +two O +enzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +Amino O +acid O +analysis O +indicated O +that O +certain O +acidic O +and O +basic O +polypeptides O +contained O +3 O +to O +6 O +times O +more O +methionine B-Chemical +than O +the O +other O +polypeptides O +. O + +aps B-category +Natural O +abundance O +carbon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +13 I-Chemical +nuclear O +magnetic O +resonance O +study O +of O +anthopleurin O +- O +A O +, O +a O +cardiac O +stimulant O +from O +the O +sea O +anemone O +Anthopleura O +xanthogrammica O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +major O +aspect O +of O +the O +change O +is O +that O +in O +sodium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +loaded I-Chemical +cells O +, O +essentially O +all O +of O +the O +quinaldine O +red O +accumulated O +as O +the O +result O +of O +energization O +forms O +a O +strong O +bond O +with O +an O +anionic O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +Mannitol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +containing I-Chemical +oligosaccharides O +have O +been O +isolated O +from O +a O +rat O +brain O +proteoglycan O +after O +mild O +alkaline O +borohydride O +treatment O +under O +conditions O +which O +prevent O +" O +peeling O +. O +" O + +aps B-category +The O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +during O +walking O +was O +measured O +in O +patients O +affected O +by O +chronic O +lesions O +of O +the O +foot O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +low O +electrolyte O +media O +on O +salt B-Chemical +loss O +and O +hemolysis O +of O +mammalian O +red O +blood O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +red O +cells O +of O +the O +rabbit O +, O +newborn O +calf O +, O +adult O +cow O +, O +newborn O +piglet O +, O +adult O +pig O +and O +sheep O +display O +no O +discernible O +increase O +in O +ion O +- O +permeability O +under O +the O +conditions O +alluded O +to O +above O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +osmolarity O +of O +sucrose B-Chemical +solution O +affects O +these O +cells O +differently O +in O +that O +as O +the O +osmolarity O +increases O +from O +200 O +- O +- O +500 O +mM O +, O +hemolytic O +rates O +of O +the O +calf O +and O +dog O +reach O +a O +saturation O +near O +300 O +mM O +sucrose B-Chemical +, O +whereas O +the O +hemolytic O +rate O +of O +the O +cat O +decreases O +progressively O +. O + +aps B-category +Abrupt O +discontinuation O +of O +high O +doses O +of O +centrally O +acting O +drugs O +such O +as O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyldopa I-Chemical +, O +clonidine B-Chemical +, O +and O +guanabenz O +can O +produce O +a O +syndrome O +of O +sympathetic O +overactivity O +that O +includes O +agitation O +, O +headache O +, O +sweating O +, O +and O +nausea O +and O +less O +commonly O +can O +provoke O +rapid O +upswings O +in O +blood O +pressure O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +study O +compares O +a O +sequential O +test O +of O +a O +beta O +mimetic O +drug O +( O +ritodrine B-Chemical +) O +and O +an O +alpha O +inhibitor O +( O +ifenoprodil O +) O +to O +show O +that O +the O +beta O +mimetic O +drug O +is O +superior O +in O +treating O +threatened O +premature O +labour O +, O +because O +it O +has O +a O +success O +rate O +of O +90 O +per O +cent O +whereas O +the O +second O +has O +a O +success O +rate O +of O +45 O +per O +cent O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +response O +to O +anti O +- O +allotype O +( O +anti O +- O +Ab4 O +) O +, O +Nocardia O +Water O +Soluble O +Mitogen O +( O +NWSM O +) O +, O +pneumococcal O +polysaccharide O +type O +III O +( O +SSS O +III O +) O +, O +and O +human O +Fc O +fragments O +of O +various O +purified O +and O +unfractionated O +rabbit O +spleen O +cell O +populations O +was O +determined O +in O +terms O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +up O +- O +take O +. O + +aps B-category +Activity O +is O +lost O +in O +alkali B-Chemical +or O +by O +boiling O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +system O +contained O +the O +labeled O +acid O +, O +an O +acyl O +- O +CoA O +- O +generating O +system O +, O +an O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +generating I-Chemical +system O +, O +and O +tumor O +homogenate O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +to O +the O +fatty O +alcohol B-Chemical +product O +, O +a O +small O +amount O +of O +fatty O +aldehyde B-Chemical +was O +formed O +in O +the O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Incubation O +of O +[ O +1 O +- O +( O +14 O +) O +C O +] O +palmitic O +acid O +yielded O +3 O +. O +4 O +% O +free O +alcohol B-Chemical +, O +8 O +. O +3 O +% O +alcohol B-Chemical +esterified O +in O +waxes O +, O +and O +7 O +. O +7 O +% O +palmitoyl O +groups O +esterified O +into O +waxes O +, O +whereas O +, O +at O +the O +other O +extreme O +, O +[ O +1 O +- O +( O +14 O +) O +C O +] O +linolenic O +acid O +yielded O +0 O +. O +8 O +% O +, O +0 O +. O +6 O +% O +, O +and O +38 O +% O +, O +respectively O +, O +into O +the O +homologous O +components O +. O +- O +Wykle O +, O +R O +. O +L O +. O +, O +B O +. O +Malone O +, O +and O +F O +. O +Snyder O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +added O +to O +a O +tris O +- O +HCl O +buffer O +/ O +salt B-Chemical +mixture O +at O +25 O +degrees O +C O +, O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +phosphate B-Chemical +ion O +, O +increased O +osmolarity O +, O +oxygen B-Chemical +exclusion O +and O +calcium B-Chemical +reduced O +enzyme O +leakage O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +higher O +concentrations O +( O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +and O +10 O +( O +- O +2 O +) O +M O +Ca2 O ++ O +) O +, O +creatine B-Chemical +kinase O +( O +CK O +) O +efflux O +was O +significantly O +altered O +in O +a O +time O +dependent O +fashion O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +possible O +mode O +of O +action O +of O +serotonin B-Chemical +in O +neurotransmission O +and O +brain O +dysfunction O +. O + +aps B-category +5 O +. O +a O +functional O +equivalence O +of O +presynaptic O +stimulation O +and O +subsynaptic O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +action O +can O +be O +demonstrated O +, O +6 O +. O +the O +transmission O +is O +terminated O +by O +a O +retrieval O +mechanism O +. O +- O +- O +On O +the O +basis O +of O +this O +transmitter O +concept O +brain O +dysfunctions O +as O +described O +in O +the O +literature O +are O +discussed O +in O +the O +light O +of O +results O +obtained O +using O +in O +vitro O +techniques O +with O +isolated O +synaptic O +structures O +. O + +aps B-category +Tryptophan O +- O +5 O +- O +hydroxylase O +, O +the O +rate O +- O +limiting O +enzyme O +in O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +synthesis O +, O +is O +inhibited O +in O +hypoxia O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +1 O +- O +aminoadamantanes O +enhance O +the O +electrically O +stimulated O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +and O +DA O +release O +from O +nerve O +endings O +spatial O +shifts O +of O +transmitter O +substances O +within O +the O +synaptic O +area O +as O +well O +as O +direct O +receptor O +stimulation O +by O +the O +drugs O +may O +be O +the O +cause O +for O +the O +ameliorating O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Tyrosine O +( O +Tyr O +) O +, O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +( O +TH O +) O +, O +tryptophan B-Chemical +( O +Trp O +) O +, O +serotonin B-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +) O +, O +and O +5 O +- O +hydroxyindole O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HIAA I-Chemical +) O +were O +assayed O +spectrofluorometrically O +and O +radioenzymatically O +in O +various O +regions O +of O +post O +- O +mortem O +brains O +of O +human O +patients O +with O +hepatic O +, O +uremic O +, O +and O +diabetic O +coma O +, O +liver O +cirrhosis O +without O +coma O +, O +and O +hepatic O +coma O +treated O +with O +parenteral O +administration O +of O +L O +- O +valine O +, O +a O +branched O +- O +chain O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HIAA I-Chemical +were O +not O +significantly O +changed O +in O +non O +- O +comatose O +cirrhosis O +, O +while O +a O +general O +increase O +with O +prevalence O +for O +the O +brainstem O +was O +obvious O +in O +all O +types O +of O +metabolic O +coma O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +in O +human O +post O +- O +mortem O +brains O +confirm O +previous O +CSF O +and O +brain O +findings O +in O +experimental O +and O +human O +hepatic O +and O +uremic O +encephalopathies O +, O +indicating O +derangement O +of O +brain O +monoamine O +neurotransmitter O +metabolism O +which O +is O +attributed O +to O +imbalance O +of O +aromatic O +and O +branched O +- O +chain O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +plasma O +and O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +improvement O +of O +hepatic O +encephalopathy O +and O +of O +the O +underlying O +neurotransmitter O +derangements O +by O +administration O +of O +L O +- O +valine O +and O +the O +possible O +role O +of O +this O +competitive O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +on O +intermediary O +metabolism O +and O +ammonia B-Chemical +detoxification O +are O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Senile O +brain O +atrophy O +showed O +no O +definite O +changes O +in O +brain O +, O +except O +the O +striatum O +, O +and O +adrenomedullary O +TH O +, O +while O +in O +one O +case O +of O +hypertensive O +encephalopathy O +due O +to O +long O +- O +term O +corticosteroid B-Chemical +treatment O +normal O +TH O +activity O +in O +the O +adrenal O +medulla O +was O +opposed O +by O +decreased O +striatal O +TH O +activity O +, O +probably O +due O +to O +cerebral O +ischemia O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +these O +changes O +, O +decreased O +concentration O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +serotinin O +and O +glutamate B-Chemical +were O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +both O +recent O +and O +older O +strokes O +a O +total O +depletion O +of O +DA O +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +in O +the O +necrotic O +tissue O +was O +associated O +with O +mild O +reduction O +of O +these O +compounds O +in O +remote O +non O +- O +ischemic O +areas O +of O +the O +injured O +, O +and O +less O +of O +the O +contralateral O +cerebral O +hemispheres O +. O + +aps B-category +Marked O +elevation O +of O +the O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +precursor O +TRP O +and O +of O +GABA B-Chemical +was O +present O +in O +both O +the O +necrotic O +center O +and O +perifocal O +edema O +of O +acute O +infarcts O +, O +which O +also O +showed O +a O +mild O +reduction O +of O +total O +proteins O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +which O +confirm O +previous O +studies O +in O +experimental O +cerebral O +ischemia O +and O +stroke O +indicate O +that O +disorders O +in O +the O +metabolism O +of O +brain O +monoamines B-Chemical +and O +other O +putative O +neurotransmitters O +contribute O +to O +the O +development O +of O +postischemic O +brain O +damage O +and O +the O +complicating O +cerebral O +edema O +. O + +aps B-category +Comment O +on O +the O +methodology O +for O +separating O +and O +determining O +free O +and O +albumin O +- O +bound O +tryptophan B-Chemical +levels O +in O +blood O +samples O +. O + +aps B-category +Neurons O +that O +emit O +signals O +by O +releasing O +serotonin B-Chemical +, O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +or O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +participate O +in O +the O +control O +of O +a O +number O +of O +bodily O +functions O +and O +behaviors O +( O +e O +. O +g O +. O +, O +hunger O +, O +food O +choice O +, O +sleep O +, O +alertness O +, O +sensitivity O +to O +environmental O +stimuli O +and O +disease O +states O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +carbohydrate O +consumption O +, O +which O +- O +- O +by O +altering O +plasma O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +levels O +accelerates O +brain O +serotonin B-Chemical +synthesis O +- O +- O +enhances O +the O +release O +of O +a O +transmitter O +( O +serotonin B-Chemical +) O +that O +tends O +to O +diminish O +the O +animal O +' O +s O +desire O +to O +consume O +carbohydrates O +. O + +aps B-category +Iontophoretic O +application O +of O +putative O +neurotransmitter O +substances O +revealed O +the O +presence O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +receptors O +( O +AChR O +) O +on O +both O +embryonic O +and O +postnatal O +SCGN O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +responses O +were O +detected O +when O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +( O +NE O +) O +, O +glutamate B-Chemical +, O +cAMP B-Chemical +, O +substance O +P O +, O +or O +dopamine B-Chemical +were O +applied O +to O +the O +SCGN O +of O +either O +age O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +high O +performance O +liquid O +chromatographic O +assay O +of O +cis O +- O +and O +trans O +- O +isomers O +of O +tricyclic O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +method O +is O +applicable O +to O +the O +analysis O +of O +flupenthixol O +, O +clopenthixol O +, O +chlorprothixene O +, O +doxepin O +and O +dothiepin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Propranolol B-Chemical +, O +phenobartitone O +, O +diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical +, O +amphetamine B-Chemical +, O +imipramine B-Chemical +and O +propoxyphene O +have O +been O +tritiated O +using O +tritiated O +water O +and O +platinum B-Chemical +catalyst O +( O +from O +the O +dioxide O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +borohydride O +) O +, O +and O +the O +pattern O +of O +labelling O +has O +been O +ascertained O +by O +3H O +n O +. O +m O +. O +r O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +imipramine B-Chemical +where O +incoroporation O +of O +tritium O +was O +low O +, O +an O +alternative O +acid O +- O +catalysed O +procedure O +was O +satisfactory O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +plasma O +concentration O +of O +6 O +- O +oxo O +- O +PGF1 O +alpha O +was O +measured O +by O +radioimmunoassay O +after O +constant O +rate O +infusion O +of O +6 O +- O +oxo O +- O +PGF1 O +alpha O +or O +prostacyclin B-Chemical +( O +PGI2 B-Chemical +) O +into O +anaesthetized O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +presented O +suggest O +that O +PGI2 B-Chemical +and O +6 O +- O +oxo O +- O +PGF1 O +alpha O +are O +eliminated O +more O +slowly O +than O +PGF2 B-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +, O +probably O +because O +they O +are O +not O +taken O +up O +and O +metabolized O +in O +the O +lungs O +as O +rapidly O +as O +PGF2 B-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +taurine O +on O +potassium B-Chemical +( O +30 O +mM O +) O +, O +veratrine O +( O +10 O +micrograms O +ml O +- O +1 O +) O +and O +ouabain B-Chemical +( O +100 O +microM O +) O +induced O +release O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +GABA I-Chemical +from O +superfused O +slices O +of O +rat O +brain O +cerebral O +cortex O +had O +been O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +on O +adrenaline B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stimulated I-Chemical +glucose B-Chemical +uptake O +in O +rat O +white O +adipose O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +Ethanol O +( O +3 O +% O +) O +inhibited O +the O +stimulatory O +effect O +of O +adrenaline B-Chemical +on O +glucose B-Chemical +uptake O +whereas O +it O +failed O +to O +inhibit O +the O +effect O +of O +adrenaline B-Chemical +on O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +production O +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +also O +restored O +the O +effect O +of O +adrenaline B-Chemical +inhibited O +by O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +ethanol B-Chemical +modifies O +the O +coupling O +of O +the O +adrenoceptor O +to O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +transport O +system O +in O +adipose O +tissue O +that O +is O +stimulated O +by O +adrenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +absorption O +, O +tissue O +distribution O +and O +excretion O +of O +[ O +17C O +] O +metronidazole B-Chemical +( O +14C O +- O +MTZ O +) O +were O +compared O +during O +the O +first O +4 O +h O +after O +administration O +of O +10 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +of O +14C O +- O +MTZ O +either O +orally O +or O +intravaginally O +( O +i O +. O +v O +. O +g O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +Factors O +underlying O +the O +variable O +inotropic O +effect O +of O +ouabain B-Chemical +on O +isolated O +rat O +atria O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +use O +of O +scopolamine B-Chemical +for O +the O +estimation O +of O +the O +central O +antiacetylcholine O +properties O +of O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Dopamine B-Chemical +receptor O +changes O +after O +long O +- O +term O +haloperidol B-Chemical +treatment O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Gastric O +relaxation O +by O +apomorphine B-Chemical +and O +ATP O +in O +the O +conscious O +dog O +. O + +aps B-category +Distinction O +between O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E2 I-Chemical +and O +prostacyclin B-Chemical +as O +inhibitors O +of O +granulmoatous O +inflammation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +potassium B-Chemical +ion O +selective O +electrode O +as O +a O +tetraphenylborate O +sensor O +for O +quaternary B-Chemical +ammonium I-Chemical +salts O +analysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Unlike O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +it O +did O +not O +depress O +contactile O +force O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +lithium B-Chemical +on O +the O +physostigmine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +behavioral O +syndrome O +and O +plasma O +cyclic O +GMP O +. O + +aps B-category +beta O += O +g O +; O +icpsodase O +, O +N O +- O +acetyl O +- O +beta O +- O +glucosaminidase O +, O +cathepsin O +A O +and O +peptidase O +I O +and O +III O +, O +with O +optimum O +pH O +between O +5 O +. O +0 O +and O +6 O +. O +0 O +; O +and O +arylsulfatase O +, O +cathepsin O +D O +, O +alpha O +- O +arabinase O +and O +alpha O +- O +mannosidase O +with O +optimum O +pH O +at O +approximately O +4 O +. O +0 O +. O +alpha O +- O +Glucosidase O +, O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphatase I-Chemical +and O +peptidase O +II O +had O +optimum O +pH O +at O +approximately O +7 O +. O +0 O +. O +beta O +- O +Glycerophosphatase O +had O +a O +broad O +pH O +- O +activity O +curve O +from O +4 O +, O +0 O +to O +7 O +. O +4 O +, O +with O +maximum O +activity O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +0 O +. O + +aps B-category +Nicotinamide O +adenine O +dinucleotide O +phosphate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +decanaldehyde I-Chemical +adduct O +as O +an O +inhibitor O +of O +beef O +brain O +NADP O +- O +linked O +aldehyde B-Chemical +reductase O +. O + +aps B-category +Conformational O +analogues O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +neither O +of O +the O +compounds O +possessed O +dopaminergic O +activity O +in O +the O +canine O +renal O +blood O +- O +flow O +model O +, O +both O +agents O +were O +weak O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +agonists O +and O +exhibited O +cardiostimulatory O +properties O +similar O +to O +dopamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enantiomers O +of O +2 O +- O +[ O +[ O +[ O +2 O +- O +( O +2 O +, O +6 O +- O +dimethoxyphenoxy O +) O +ethyl O +] O +amino B-Chemical +] O +methyl O +] O +- O +1 O +, O +4 O +- O +benzodioxane O +( O +4 O +) O +were O +prepared O +from O +the O +chiral O +2 O +- O +[ O +( O +tosyloxy O +) O +methyl O +] O +- O +1 O +, O +4 O +- O +benzodioxanes O +[ O +( O +2S O +) O +- O +and O +( O +2R O +) O +- O +5 O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aggregation O +of O +PE O +and O +PE O +/ O +PC O +( O +phosphatidyl O +choline B-Chemical +) O +mixed O +vesicles O +was O +studied O +as O +a O +function O +of O +pH O +and O +cation O +composition O +of O +the O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +lateral O +mobility O +of O +pyrene O +, O +pyrene O +decanoic O +acid O +, O +and O +1 O +- O +palmitoyl O +- O +2 O +- O +pyrene O +decanoyl O +- O +phosphatidyl O +choline B-Chemical +( O +pyrene O +lecithin O +) O +in O +lipid O +bilayers O +is O +determined O +by O +the O +excimer O +formation O +technique O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +v O +) O +Cholesterol B-Chemical +strongly O +reduces O +the O +jump O +frequency O +in O +fluid O +layers O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +metabolic O +and O +respiratory O +acidosis O +and O +alkalosis O +on O +cellular O +calcium B-Chemical +metabolism O +were O +studied O +in O +rat O +kidney O +cells O +dispersed O +with O +collagenase O +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetic O +analysis O +of O +45 O +- O +ca O +desaturation O +curves O +shows O +that O +acidosis O +decreases O +all O +three O +cellular O +calcium B-Chemical +pools O +and O +depresses O +calcium B-Chemical +fluxes O +between O +the O +superficial O +and O +cytosolic O +pools O +and O +between O +the O +cytosolic O +and O +mitochondrial O +pools O +. O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +exchange O +between O +the O +mitochondrial O +and O +cytosolic O +pool O +is O +increased O +in O +metabolic O +alkalosis O +only O +. O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +activated I-Chemical +neutral O +protease O +from O +bovine O +ventricular O +muscle O +: O +isolation O +and O +some O +of O +its O +properties O +. O + +aps B-category +Crystalline O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +was O +significantly O +inhibited O +by O +L O +- O +quinquestriatus O +venom O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +glycolysis O +was O +suppressed O +by O +iodoacetic O +acid O +, O +slight O +alkalization O +due O +to O +the O +breakdown O +of O +creatine B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +was O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Stimulating O +effects O +of O +alanine B-Chemical +and O +glycine B-Chemical +on O +guinea O +- O +pig O +taenia O +coli O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Alanine O +( O +0 O +. O +1 O +- O +- O +10 O +mM O +) O +and O +glycine B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +5 O +- O +- O +10 O +mM O +) O +produced O +a O +dose O +dependent O +contraction O +of O +guinea O +- O +pig O +taenia O +coli O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +these O +effects O +were O +inhibited O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +Ca O +antagonist O +, O +verapamil B-Chemical +( O +10 O +muM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +LiCl B-Chemical +or O +Choline O +- O +Cl O +and O +in O +Na O +- O +isethionate O +solutions O +, O +the O +stimulating O +effect O +of O +alanine B-Chemical +was O +not O +abolished O +, O +but O +was O +completely O +inhibited O +in O +KCl O +- O +depolarized O +preparation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +indices O +of O +central O +hemodynamics O +and O +myocardial O +contractile O +function O +were O +studied O +in O +35 O +dogs O +before O +and O +in O +different O +periods O +after O +the O +administration O +of O +drugs O +which O +block O +beta O +- O +receptors O +: O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +pindolol B-Chemical +, O +and O +talinolol O +. O + +aps B-category +Pindolol O +10 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +per O +day O +increased O +Goldblatt O +- O +type O +hypertension O +, O +whereas O +Propranolol B-Chemical +100 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +per O +day O +showed O +an O +antihypertensive O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +Propranolol B-Chemical +, O +possibly O +on O +account O +of O +a O +cardiodepressory O +effect O +, O +leads O +to O +a O +decrease O +in O +blood O +pressure O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +meet O +man O +' O +s O +requirements O +for O +vegetable O +oils O +and O +essential O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +it O +is O +necessary O +to O +produce O +daily O +150 O +- O +- O +200 O +g O +dry O +chufa O +nodules O +which O +are O +quite O +acceptable O +as O +a O +dietary O +ingredient O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +of O +the O +Fifth O +International O +Congress O +on O +Hormonal O +Steroids B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +of O +the O +Fifth O +International O +Congress O +on O +Hormonal O +Steroids B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Hormonal O +steroids B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +uterus O +during O +progestation O +: O +hormonal O +modulation O +of O +pyridine O +nucleotide B-Chemical +activity O +in O +relation O +to O +decidual O +sensitivity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pyloroplasty O +lead B-Chemical +to O +an O +increase O +of O +gastric O +volume O +and O +delayed O +emptying O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +intrahippocampal O +injection O +of O +chemicals O +on O +the O +levels O +of O +plasma O +corticosterone B-Chemical +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +3H O +] O +Para B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +clonidine I-Chemical +: O +a O +novel O +ligand O +which O +binds O +with O +high O +affinity O +to O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Control O +of O +pulmonary O +ventilation O +during O +exercise O +and O +mediators O +in O +the O +blood O +: O +CO2 O +and O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +current O +theories O +are O +: O +( O +1 O +) O +since O +arterial O +PCO2 O +and O +pH O +oscillate O +with O +each O +breath O +, O +the O +amplitude O +and O +period O +of O +these O +oscillations O +may O +change O +during O +exercise O +and O +may O +be O +of O +sufficient O +magnitude O +to O +stimulate O +the O +carotid O +bodies O +, O +and O +( O +2 O +) O +there O +exists O +a O +disequilibrium O +between O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +activity O +within O +the O +red O +blood O +cell O +and O +in O +the O +plasma O +because O +carbonic O +anhydrase O +is O +found O +in O +the O +former O +but O +not O +the O +latter O +. O + +aps B-category +Experiences O +with O +the O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +agent O +glianimone O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Pharmacological O +properties O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +adenylate O +cyclase O +from O +guinea O +pig O +cardiac O +ventricular O +muscle O +. O + +aps B-category +Purification O +and O +properties O +of O +cAMP B-Chemical +independent O +glycogen O +synthase O +kinase O +and O +phosvitin O +kinase O +from O +human O +leukocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cAMP B-Chemical +independent O +glycogen O +synthase O +kinase O +eluted O +from O +the O +phosphocellulose O +at O +0 O +. O +54 O +M O +NaCl B-Chemical +( O +peak O +A O +) O +separate O +from O +the O +major O +phosvitin O +kinase O +eluting O +at O +0 O +. O +68 O +M O +NaCl B-Chemical +( O +peak O +B O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +the O +kinase O +activities O +differed O +with O +respect O +to O +sensitivity O +to O +temperature O +, O +ionic O +strength O +and O +CaCl2 B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activity O +was O +not O +influenced O +by O +cyclic O +nucleotides O +, O +Ca2 O ++ O +, O +or O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +P I-Chemical +. O +Synthase O +I O +from O +muscle O +and O +leukocytes O +was O +phosphorylated O +to O +a O +ratio O +of O +independence O +of O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +05 O +. O + +aps B-category +Glucocorticoid O +induction O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +in O +cultured O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +from O +these O +experiments O +have O +provided O +considerable O +information O +regarding O +the O +mechanism O +of O +action O +of O +steroids B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Multihormonal O +control O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +in O +isolated O +liver O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +induction O +and O +maintenance O +of O +elevated O +levels O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +activity O +in O +liver O +cells O +were O +completely O +dependent O +upon O +the O +presence O +of O +both O +the O +synthetic O +glucocorticoid O +, O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +, O +and O +glucagon O +of O +dibutyryl O +cyclic O +AMP O +. O + +aps B-category +Pulse O +- O +labeling O +experiments O +established O +that O +this O +increase O +in O +enzyme O +protein O +could O +be O +fully O +accounted O +for O +by O +a O +corresponding O +increase O +in O +rate O +of O +synthesis O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +steroid B-Chemical +hormone O +acts O +first O +, O +presumably O +to O +increase O +the O +level O +of O +functional O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +mRNA O +or O +its O +precursor O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +vivo O +experiments O +demonstrated O +that O +both O +glucocorticoids O +and O +cyclic O +AMP O +increase O +the O +level O +of O +functional O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +mRNA O +in O +the O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +protein O +synthesis O +inhibitors O +, O +cycloheximide B-Chemical +, O +emetine O +, O +and O +puromycin O +, O +were O +as O +effective O +as O +cyclic O +AMP O +in O +increasing O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +mRNA O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Nevertheless O +, O +there O +is O +still O +very O +little O +direct O +evidence O +that O +steroids B-Chemical +can O +modulate O +rates O +of O +specific O +gene O +transcription O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rapid O +turnover O +of O +some O +glucocorticoid O +- O +regulated O +enzymes O +and O +their O +mRNAs O +not O +only O +ensures O +a O +rapid O +response O +to O +steroid B-Chemical +addition O +or O +withdrawal O +, O +but O +also O +subjects O +these O +proteins O +to O +relatively O +large O +fluctuations O +upon O +alterations O +in O +overall O +protein O +or O +mRNA O +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +other O +major O +glucocorticoid O +- O +responsive O +system O +investigated O +in O +cell O +hybridization O +studies O +consists O +of O +lymphoid O +cells O +which O +are O +killed O +when O +exposed O +to O +the O +steroid B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +actions O +of O +insulin O +and O +glucocorticoids O +on O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +transport O +and O +protein O +degradation O +are O +antagonistic O +in O +this O +cell O +line O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +addition O +of O +insulin O +to O +HTC O +cells O +previously O +incubated O +with O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +causes O +a O +rapid O +further O +doubling O +in O +the O +cellular O +concentration O +of O +this O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +specific O +immunoprecipitation O +techniques O +, O +we O +have O +demonstrated O +that O +insulin O +stimulates O +a O +nonselective O +increase O +in O +the O +rate O +of O +total O +protein O +synthesis O +in O +HTC O +cells O +, O +and O +a O +selective O +decrease O +in O +the O +rate O +of O +degradation O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +relative O +to O +total O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +these O +instances O +the O +glucocorticoids O +are O +said O +to O +exert O +a O +" O +permissive O +effect O +, O +" O +since O +they O +allow O +a O +process O +to O +proceed O +at O +a O +maximal O +rate O +even O +though O +the O +steroid B-Chemical +itself O +has O +no O +effect O +on O +this O +process O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Molsidomin O +compared O +to O +nitrates B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Mutagenic O +, O +DNA O +- O +damaging O +, O +and O +in O +vivo O +alteration O +of O +DNA O +have O +been O +demonstrated O +for O +1 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dimethylhydrazine I-Chemical +( O +DMH O +) O +, O +a O +potent O +inducer O +of O +adenocarcinomas O +of O +the O +large O +intestine O +and O +colon O +of O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Normal O +nerve O +incorporated O +1 O +, O +3 O +- O +C14 O +- O +malonyl O +- O +CoA O +and O +1 O +- O +C14 O +- O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +into O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +by O +a O +de O +- O +novo O +biosynthetic O +pathway O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +wallerian O +degeneration O +, O +there O +was O +a O +rapid O +increase O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +biosynthesis O +that O +reached O +a O +peak O +between O +16 O +and O +24 O +days O +after O +nerve O +section O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +of O +vasculitis O +with O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +High O +serum O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +levels O +in O +tardive O +dyskinesia O +? O + +aps B-category +These O +sites O +are O +not O +affected O +by O +chemical O +sympathectomy O +with O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxydopamine I-Chemical +and O +thus O +appear O +to O +be O +located O +postsynaptically O +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulation O +of O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptors O +by O +dobutamine B-Chemical +in O +the O +guinea O +- O +pig O +atrium O +and O +tracheal O +chain O +. O + +aps B-category +Modulatory O +role O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +on O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +induction O +. O + +aps B-category +Rat O +superior O +cervical O +ganglia O +were O +kept O +in O +organ O +culture O +and O +after O +48 O +h O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +was O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +Incubation O +with O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +or O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +dopamine B-Chemical +impaired O +the O +carbachol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +mediated I-Chemical +induction O +of O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +monoamine O +oxidase O +activity O +by O +5 O +. O +1 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +pargyline O +inhibited O +the O +effect O +of O +carbachol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +the O +long O +- O +term O +regulation O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +is O +modulated O +by O +a O +strategic O +cytoplasmic O +pool O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Peritoneal O +clearances O +were O +measured O +in O +multiple O +patients O +with O +different O +types O +of O +peritoneal O +dialysis O +solution O +to O +assess O +the O +effects O +of O +pH O +, O +choice O +of O +buffer O +anion O +( O +acetate O +versus O +lactate B-Chemical +) O +, O +and O +the O +effects O +of O +nitroprusside B-Chemical +( O +a O +vasodilator O +) O +in O +combination O +with O +different O +buffer O +anions O +and O +varying O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +relatively O +unique O +abnormalities O +were O +apparent O +in O +many O +of O +these O +patients O +- O +- O +an O +inability O +to O +maximally O +concentrate O +urine O +, O +a O +decrease O +in O +ability O +to O +lower O +urine O +pH O +after O +acute O +acid O +challenge O +, O +and O +an O +inability O +to O +excrete O +adequate O +amounts O +of O +ammonium B-Chemical +during O +persistent O +acid O +challenge O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activities O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +decarboxylase O +( O +GAD O +) O +, O +GABA B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +transaminase I-Chemical +( O +GABA B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +T I-Chemical +) O +, O +choline B-Chemical +acetyltransferase O +( O +CAT O +) O +, O +and O +cysteic O +and O +cysteinesulfinic O +acids O +decarboxylase O +( O +CAD O +/ O +CSAD O +) O +in O +putamen O +and O +frontal O +cortex O +in O +both O +Huntington O +' O +s O +chorea O +and O +normal O +tissues O +were O +measured O +. O + +aps B-category +GAD O +and O +GABA B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +T I-Chemical +from O +Huntington O +' O +s O +tissues O +were O +indistinguishable O +from O +those O +obtained O +from O +normal O +tissues O +by O +double O +diffusion O +test O +and O +by O +microcomplement O +fixation O +test O +, O +which O +is O +capable O +of O +distinguishing O +proteins O +with O +a O +single O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +substitution O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +were O +investigated O +of O +purified O +subsynaptic O +fractions O +on O +the O +efflux O +of O +radioactivity O +from O +a O +plain O +synaptic O +vesicle O +fraction O +which O +had O +incorporated O +[ O +3H O +] O +dopamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Differential O +effects O +of O +typical O +and O +atypical O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +on O +alpha O +- O +noradrenergic O +and O +dopaminergic O +post O +synaptic O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +uptake O +and O +release O +of O +putative O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +neurotransmitters O +. O + +aps B-category +Contributions O +of O +different O +afferent O +pathways O +to O +the O +catecholamine B-Chemical +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +innervation I-Chemical +of O +the O +amygdala O +: O +a O +neurochemical O +and O +histochemical O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +were O +susceptible O +to O +penicillin B-Chemical +, O +erythromycin B-Chemical +, O +chloramphenicol B-Chemical +, O +vancomycin B-Chemical +, O +clindamycin O +, O +cephalothin B-Chemical +and O +rifampicin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Red O +cell O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +, O +hemoglobin O +type O +, O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +diphosphoglycerate O +, O +and O +pH O +as O +a O +function O +of O +fetal O +development O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +gestational O +age O +had O +no O +effect O +of O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +DPG O +levels O +, O +the O +mean O +and O +SD O +was O +14 O +. O +86 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +04 O +mol O +/ O +gm O +of O +Hb O +or O +delta O +pH O +between O +plasma O +and O +red O +cell O +, O +the O +mean O +was O +0 O +. O +187 O ++ O +/ O +- O +SD O +0 O +. O +032 O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +therefore O +that O +the O +decrease O +in O +fetal O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +as O +gestation O +progresses O +is O +related O +mainly O +to O +the O +increase O +in O +the O +amount O +of O +HbA O +and O +the O +levels O +of O +DPG O +or O +delta O +pH O +between O +plasma O +and O +red O +cells O +are O +not O +a O +function O +of O +gestational O +age O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +with O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Use O +of O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +in O +41 O +cases O +of O +severe O +insomnia O +in O +hospitalized O +psychiatric O +patients O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Clinical O +study O +of O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +in O +a O +hospital O +department O +of O +psychiatry O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +hundred O +patients O +treated O +with O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Treatment O +of O +severe O +insomnia O +in O +a O +psychiatric O +milieu O +with O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Study O +of O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +in O +orthopedic O +surgery O +and O +traumatology O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Efficacy O +of O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +contrast B-Chemical +there O +was O +no O +improvement O +in O +urological O +symptoms O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +purine B-Chemical +) O +n O +DNAs O +of O +repeating O +sequences O +form O +a O +distinctive O +complex O +on O +lowering O +the O +pH O +below O +6 O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +a O +) O +S1 O +nuclease O +digestion O +leads O +to O +degradation O +of O +50 O +% O +of O +the O +poly O +d O +( O +purine B-Chemical +) O +content O +of O +the O +pH O +5 O +- O +induced O +complex O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +c O +) O +The O +hyperchromic O +shifts O +of O +the O +triplex O +and O +poly O +d O +( O +purine B-Chemical +) O +, O +upon O +melting O +, O +are O +mutually O +independent O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +earlier O +studies O +, O +two O +salt B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +conformational O +transitions O +were O +described O +( O +Gordon O +et O +al O +. O +, O +Proceedings O +of O +the O +National O +Academy O +of O +Science O +, O +75 O +, O +660 O +, O +1978 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Restoration O +of O +enzyme O +induction O +, O +reduced O +as O +a O +result O +of O +long O +- O +term O +cortisol B-Chemical +administration O +, O +in O +rat O +liver O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +single O +cortisol B-Chemical +administration O +the O +TAT O +activity O +rose O +5 O +- O +fold O +; O +the O +induction O +response O +decreased O +after O +21 O +days O +of O +daily O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +three O +- O +day O +insulin O +administration O +led O +to O +the O +restoration O +of O +TAT O +induction O +in O +response O +to O +cortisol B-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +If O +an O +acute O +remission O +is O +obtained O +the O +patient O +not O +only O +should O +have O +a O +good O +quality O +of O +life O +but O +in O +a O +proportion O +of O +cases O +, O +where O +the O +remission O +is O +prolonged O +, O +steroid B-Chemical +therapy O +may O +be O +ceased O +. O + +aps B-category +Acid O +- O +base O +changes O +during O +hemodialysis O +cannot O +be O +calculated O +solely O +from O +the O +balance O +of O +acetate O +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Active O +transport O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +in O +Neurospora O +plasma O +membrane O +vesicles O +. O + +aps B-category +Testosterone B-Chemical +and O +its O +precursors O +and O +metabolites O +enhance O +guanylate O +cyclase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +cyclic O +GMP O +and O +testosterone B-Chemical +seem O +to O +have O +similar O +actions O +, O +the O +objective O +of O +this O +investigation O +was O +to O +determine O +if O +testosterone B-Chemical +and O +its O +precursors O +might O +have O +part O +of O +their O +mechanism O +of O +action O +through O +stimulation O +of O +guanylate O +cyclase O +[ O +GTP O +pyrophosphate O +- O +lyase O +( O +cyclizing O +) O +, O +EC O +4 O +. O +6 O +. O +1 O +. O +2 O +] O +, O +the O +enzyme O +that O +catalyzes O +the O +formation O +of O +cyclic O +GMP O +from O +GTP O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +precursors O +are O +generated O +from O +cholesterol B-Chemical +, O +which O +had O +no O +effect O +itself O +on O +guanylate O +cyclase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Etiocholanolone O +, O +androsterone O +, O +and O +epiandrosterone O +, O +metabolites O +of O +testosterone B-Chemical +metabolism O +, O +enhanced O +guanylate O +cyclase O +activity O +1 O +1 O +/ O +2 O +- O +to O +2 O +- O +fold O +at O +this O +same O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +in O +this O +investigation O +suggest O +that O +the O +guanylate O +cyclase O +- O +cyclic O +GMP O +system O +plays O +a O +role O +in O +the O +mechanism O +of O +action O +of O +testosterone B-Chemical +and O +its O +precursors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +localization O +of O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +GABA B-Chemical +) O +neurons O +in O +the O +rabbit O +retina O +has O +been O +studied O +by O +immunocytochemical O +localization O +of O +the O +GABA B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +synthesizing I-Chemical +enzyme O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +decarboxylase O +( O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +I O +- O +carboxy O +- O +lyase O +, O +EC O +4 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +. O +15 O +) O +and O +by O +[ O +3H O +] O +GABA B-Chemical +uptake O +autoradiography O +. O + +aps B-category +Intravitreally O +administered O +[ O +3H O +] O +GABA B-Chemical +produced O +a O +diffuse O +labeling O +of O +the O +inner O +plexiform O +layer O +and O +a O +dense O +labeling O +of O +certain O +amacrine O +cell O +bodies O +in O +the O +inner O +nuclear O +layer O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Like O +the O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +, O +CL O +218 O +, O +872 O +increased O +punished O +responding O +in O +a O +conflict O +situation O +and O +protected O +against O +the O +convulsions O +induced O +by O +pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Furthmore O +, O +CL O +218 O +, O +872 O +was O +relatively O +free O +of O +the O +ataxic O +and O +depressant O +side O +effects O +commonly O +associated O +with O +the O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Significance O +of O +neurochemical O +parameters O +in O +the O +preclinical O +evaluation O +of O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Caffeine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +contractions O +of O +this O +muscle O +were O +partially O +inhibited O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +but O +not O +by O +the O +other O +drugs O +. 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O + +aps B-category +and O +clonidine B-Chemical +( O +2 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +e O +. O +w O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +Acute O +and O +chronic O +effects O +of O +three O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +in O +the O +social O +interaction O +anxiety O +test O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +of O +the O +drugs O +, O +diazepam B-Chemical +and O +desmethyldiazepam O +, O +showed O +an O +anxiolytic O +action O +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O +, O +these O +drugs O +resulted O +in O +significantly O +less O +variation O +in O +social O +interaction O +with O +the O +change O +in O +light O +levels O +, O +compared O +with O +vehicle O +- O +injected O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relative O +role O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +receptor O +blockade O +in O +the O +action O +of O +antipsychotic O +drugs O +: O +metoclopramide B-Chemical +, O +thiethylperazine O +, O +and O +molindone B-Chemical +as O +pharmacological O +tools O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +the O +carboxamide O +group O +of O +the O +nicotinamide O +moiety O +of O +NAD O +on O +these O +spectral O +changes O +was O +investigated O +by O +replacing O +that O +group O +with O +an O +acetyl O +or O +aldehyde B-Chemical +group O +. O + +aps B-category +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +Dinitrophenol O +was O +also O +found O +to O +give O +a O +charge O +transfer O +complex O +with O +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +implies O +that O +temperature O +equilibrium O +of O +the O +buffered O +salt B-Chemical +solutions O +should O +be O +reached O +prior O +to O +the O +addition O +of O +blood O +. O + +aps B-category +Prednisone B-Chemical +effect O +on O +microvascular O +permeability O +in O +patients O +with O +inflammatory O +rheumatic O +diseases O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +transcapillary O +escape O +rate O +decreased O +from O +7 O +. O +33 O +% O +/ O +h O +( O +range O +5 O +. O +11 O +- O +9 O +. O +55 O +) O +before O +prednisone B-Chemical +treatment O +to O +3 O +. O +11 O +% O +/ O +h O +( O +0 O +. O +04 O +- O +6 O +. O +18 O +) O +( O +p O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +after O +1 O +day O +of O +treatment O +and O +5 O +. O +80 O +% O +/ O +h O +( O +4 O +. O +36 O +- O +7 O +. O +24 O +) O +after O +7 O +days O +of O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Sigmoid O +perforation O +during O +the O +course O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +emboli O +simulating O +polyarteritis O +nodosa O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +died O +following O +ischemic O +necrosis O +of O +the O +sigmoid O +from O +perforation O +and O +peritonitis O +, O +also O +related O +to O +the O +presence O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +emboli O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effect O +of O +alcohol B-Chemical +on O +the O +nervous O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Convulsions O +as O +the O +etiology O +of O +lactic O +acidosis O +in O +acute O +isoniazid B-Chemical +toxicity O +in O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +Urine O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +transferase O +in O +rat O +kidney O +toxicology O +: O +nephropathy O +by O +repeated O +injections O +of O +mercuric O +chloride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Injection O +of O +saline O +or O +sodium B-Chemical +selenite O +produced O +neither O +modification O +of O +diuresis O +, O +nor O +of O +urine O +elimination O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +, O +potassium B-Chemical +, O +chloride B-Chemical +, O +phosphates O +, O +urea B-Chemical +, O +creatinine B-Chemical +and O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +transferase O +( O +GGT O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Injection O +of O +mixed O +sodium B-Chemical +selenite O +and O +mercuric O +chloride B-Chemical +or O +separate O +injection O +of O +both O +compounds O +had O +similar O +effects O +. 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O +glaucum O +, O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +the O +ubiquity O +of O +24 O +- O +epibrassicasterol O +in O +the O +marine O +invertebrates O +in O +the O +northern O +districts O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +southern O +Japan O +' O +s O +soft O +coral O +, O +Sarcophyton O +glaucum O +, O +was O +found O +to O +contain O +several O +polyhydroxylates O +steroids B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Renal O +excretion O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ions O +in O +stone O +formers O +. O + +aps B-category +Under O +basal O +state O +, O +the O +stone O +formers O +showed O +statistically O +significant O +higher O +urinary O +pH O +, O +and O +lower O +24 O +- O +hour O +urinary O +titrable O +acid O +, O +ammonium B-Chemical +and O +total O +hydrogen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +' O +Clearance O +' O +indices O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +excretion O +were O +also O +depressed O +in O +a O +great O +majority O +of O +the O +stone O +formers O +. O + +aps B-category +Extracellular O +oxygen B-Chemical +levels O +were O +continually O +measured O +in O +erythrocytes O +suspensions O +in O +order O +to O +check O +the O +changes O +in O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +of O +hemoglobin O +without O +damaging O +the O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +major O +metabolic O +pathway O +was O +acetylation O +of O +the O +amine B-Chemical +groups O +( O +s O +) O +, O +resulting O +in O +4 O +- O +acetylamino O +- O +2 O +- O +aminoanisole O +and O +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +diacetylaminoanisole O +. O + +aps B-category +and O +1 O +h O +after O +oral O +dosing O +of O +[ O +14C O +] O +triazolam B-Chemical +to O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +binding O +of O +triazolam B-Chemical +plus O +its O +metabolites O +to O +plasma O +protein O +of O +rats O +was O +about O +30 O +% O +at O +15 O +min O +and O +6 O +h O +. O +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +oral O +administration O +of O +[ O +14C O +] O +triazolam B-Chemical +to O +pregnant O +rats O +, O +the O +activity O +in O +the O +uterus O +and O +placenta O +was O +higher O +than O +that O +in O +the O +maternal O +blood O +. O + +aps B-category +Metabolism O +of O +8 O +- O +chloro O +- O +6 O +- O +( O +o O +- O +chlorophenyl O +) O +- B-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4H I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +s I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +triazolo I-Chemical +[ O +4 O +, O +3 O +- O +alpha O +] O +[ O +1 O +, O +4 O +] O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +, O +triazolam B-Chemical +, O +a O +new O +central O +depressant O +. O + +aps B-category +Major O +metabolites O +in O +free O +form O +in O +the O +plasma O +were O +4 O +- O +hydroxytriazolam O +and O +1 O +' O +- O +hydroxytriazolam O +in O +rats O +; O +triazolam B-Chemical +and O +1 O +' O +- O +hydroxytriazolam O +in O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +Unchanged O +triazolam B-Chemical +and O +1 O +' O +- O +hydroxytriazolam O +were O +the O +major O +metabolites O +in O +the O +plasma O +, O +placenta O +, O +foetus O +and O +amniotic O +fluid O +in O +pregnant O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Mechanisms O +of O +cyclic O +purine B-Chemical +nucleotide B-Chemical +and O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +interaction O +with O +the O +mediator O +processes O +on O +central O +neurons O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +different O +types O +of O +water O +were O +used O +- O +- O +with O +traces O +of O +fluoride B-Chemical +, O +with O +about O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +1 O +fluoride B-Chemical +and O +with O +about O +11 O +mg O +/ O +1 O +fluoride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +About O +50 O +% O +of O +the O +fluoride B-Chemical +taken O +in O +was O +eliminated O +on O +the O +same O +day O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +employment O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +carbonate I-Chemical +in O +the O +nutrient O +solutions O +raised O +appreciably O +the O +acid O +values O +of O +the O +fats O +and O +suppressed O +the O +other O +metabolic O +activities O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +pancuronium B-Chemical +bromide B-Chemical +( O +Pavulon O +) O +on O +maternal O +circulation O +and O +metabolism O +as O +well O +as O +on O +fetal O +metabolism O +and O +postnatal O +conditions O +were O +studied O +in O +13 O +women O +in O +late O +pregnancy O +( O +between O +gestational O +weeks O +33 O +and O +40 O +) O +requiring O +Caesarean O +section O +in O +general O +anaesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +effect O +of O +pancuronium B-Chemical +bromide B-Chemical +to O +maternal O +or O +fetal O +carbohydrate O +metabolism O +could O +not O +be O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +main O +recommendations O +include O +restriction O +of O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +, O +expansion O +of O +the O +diagnosis O +of O +depressions O +, O +the O +use O +of O +methods O +of O +intensive O +psychopharmacology O +in O +combination O +with O +active O +rehabilitation O +, O +as O +well O +as O +introduction O +of O +new O +forms O +of O +organizational O +aid O +. O + +aps B-category +Thyroidal O +131I O +- O +uptake O +and O +the O +relative O +incorporation O +of O +iodine B-Chemical +into O +iodothyronines O +increased O +with O +time O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +yields O +of O +iodotyrosines O +and O +iodothyronines O +, O +the O +latter O +in O +particular O +, O +were O +strikingly O +high O +, O +and O +this O +system O +is O +considered O +to O +be O +useful O +in O +the O +study O +of O +thyroidal O +iodine B-Chemical +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +Dixyrazine O +( O +Esucos O +) O +as O +premedication O +for O +esophagogastroscopy O +was O +studied O +in O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +trial O +with O +diazepam B-Chemical +and O +atropine B-Chemical +in O +321 O +successive O +endoscopies O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparative O +potency O +and O +speed O +of O +onset O +of O +fazadinium O +and O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tubocurarine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Wtih O +thiopentone B-Chemical +as O +the O +induction O +agent O +, O +the O +dose O +ratio O +fazadinium O +/ O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tubocurarine I-Chemical +ranged O +from O +1 O +. O +2 O +to O +1 O +. O +3 O +for O +single O +twitch O +reduction O +and O +from O +1 O +. O +1 O +to O +1 O +. O +2 O +for O +reduction O +of O +tetanus O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +1st O +dose O +of O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tubocurarine I-Chemical +was O +markedly O +slower O +than O +fazadinium O +to O +achieve O +a O +50 O +% O +and O +100 O +% O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +are O +reasonable O +grounds O +for O +the O +hope O +that O +this O +research O +will O +lead B-Chemical +to O +significant O +developments O +in O +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +incubation O +in O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +GABA I-Chemical +, O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +and O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aspartate I-Chemical +, O +heavy O +labeling O +was O +seen O +over O +the O +fibers O +and O +terminals O +of O +the O +efferent O +olivocochlear O +bundle O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fact O +that O +GABA B-Chemical +, O +glutamate B-Chemical +and O +aspartate B-Chemical +are O +taken O +up O +into O +efferents O +, O +which O +are O +almost O +certainly O +cholinergic O +, O +suggests O +that O +high O +affinity O +uptake O +of O +these O +substances O +is O +not O +restricted O +to O +terminals O +in O +which O +these O +substances O +are O +released O +as O +neurotransmitters O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +antiarrhythmic O +effects O +of O +dl O +' O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propranolol I-Chemical +, O +metoprolol B-Chemical +and O +lidocaine B-Chemical +against O +ouabain B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +cardiac O +arrhythmias O +were O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cardioselective O +beta O +- O +blocker O +, O +metoprolol B-Chemical +, O +was O +more O +or O +equally O +effective O +as O +dl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propranolol I-Chemical +against O +ouabain B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +arrhythmias O +in O +guinea O +pigs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +flame O +retardant O +tris O +( O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +dibromopropyl O +) O +phosphate B-Chemical +( O +Tris O +- O +BP O +) O +is O +converted O +to O +products O +which O +are O +mutagenic O +for O +Salmonella O +typhimurium O +TA O +100 O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +rat O +liver O +microsomes O +, O +NADPH B-Chemical +and O +oxygen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +inducers O +of O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +on O +Tris O +- O +BP O +mutagenicity O +was O +dependent O +on O +the O +concentration O +of O +mutagen O +and O +microsomal O +protein O +in O +the O +assay O +, O +indicating O +complexity O +in O +the O +kinetics O +involved O +when O +dealing O +with O +possible O +multiple O +pathways O +that O +lead B-Chemical +to O +mutagenicity O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +Tris O +- O +BP O +is O +oxidized O +to O +a O +reactive O +electrophile O +, O +possibly O +the O +2 O +- O +keto O +derivative O +, O +which O +could O +react O +with O +nucleophilic O +groups O +in O +DNA O +and O +thus O +lead B-Chemical +to O +mutagenic O +events O +. O + +aps B-category +Apomorphine B-Chemical +( O +ap O +) O +was O +administered O +subcutaneously O +to O +mice O +kept O +in O +individual O +cages O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +small O +inactive O +dose O +of O +physostigmine B-Chemical +potentiated O +the O +effect O +of O +clozapine B-Chemical +but O +not O +that O +of O +haloperidol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +climbing O +behaviour O +produced O +by O +ap O +is O +presumably O +due O +to O +stimulation O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptors O +and O +this O +effect O +can O +be O +antagonized O +either O +by O +blockade O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptors O +or O +by O +activation O +of O +muscarinic O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Naloxone B-Chemical +: O +a O +potent O +ketobemidone O +antagonist O +in O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +morphine B-Chemical +, O +heroin B-Chemical +and O +pethidin O +. O + +aps B-category +Fluoride O +concentrations O +at O +and O +above O +0 O +. O +9 O +mM O +caused O +a O +progressive O +, O +concentration O +- O +related O +inhibition O +in O +the O +incorporation O +of O +both O +14C B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical +and O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +in O +LS O +cells O +incubated O +in O +medium O +with O +serum O +. O + +aps B-category +Lowering O +the O +pH O +enhanced O +the O +effect O +of O +fluoride B-Chemical +on O +both O +. O + +aps B-category +Incorporation O +of O +leucine B-Chemical +was O +then O +stimulated O +by O +low O +fluoride B-Chemical +concentrations O +( O +0 O +. O +5 O +and O +0 O +. O +9 O +mM O +) O +, O +and O +the O +effect O +on O +thymidine B-Chemical +incorporation O +was O +eradicated O +up O +to O +1 O +. O +3 O +mM O +- O +NaF O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cellular O +pool O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +decreased O +markedly O +during O +the O +incubation O +period O +, O +somewhat O +less O +in O +the O +fluoride B-Chemical +exposed O +cells O +than O +in O +the O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +Phenoxybenzamine O +and O +propranolol B-Chemical +were O +used O +to O +differentiate O +between O +alpha O +- O +and O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +test O +meal O +containing O +polyethylene B-Chemical +glycol I-Chemical +( O +PEG O +) O +as O +reference O +substance O +was O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +effect O +of O +sulphasalazine B-Chemical +on O +the O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +system O +and O +the O +defective O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +inactivation O +observed O +in O +experimental O +ulcerative O +colitis O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +in O +the O +case O +of O +retinol O +, O +low O +doses O +of O +cholecalcipherol O +and O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tocopherol I-Chemical +" O +in O +vitro O +" O +increase O +the O +osmotic O +resistance O +of O +red O +blood O +cells O +, O +while O +high O +doses O +have O +a O +lytic O +effect O +on O +the O +erythrocytes O +of O +various O +animal O +species O +( O +e O +. O +g O +. O + +aps B-category +Hybridization O +- O +competition O +analysis O +revealed O +that O +the O +majority O +( O +approximately O +75 O +% O +) O +of O +the O +non O +- O +dissociable O +35 O +S O +RNA O +and O +almost O +all O +the O +material O +present O +in O +the O +non O +- O +dissociable O +24 O +S O +RNA O +were O +represented O +by O +nucleotide B-Chemical +sequences O +homologous O +to O +18 O +S O +RNA O +. O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +regulator O +protein O +( O +CDR O +) O +and O +CDR O +- O +dependent O +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +c O +AMP O +- O +phosphodiesterase O +were O +isolated O +and O +partially O +purified O +from O +12 O +- O +day O +chick O +embryos O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +revealed O +by O +spectrophotometry O +, O +native O +but O +not O +heat O +- O +inactivated O +influenza O +virus O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +ATP O +reduced O +the O +activity O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +regulator O +protein O +- O +stimulated O +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +c O +AMP O +- O +phosphodiesterase O +( O +CDR O +- O +PDE O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incorporation O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +and O +3H O +- O +deoxycytidine O +into O +acidoprecipitable O +fraction O +of O +hamster O +cells O +transformed O +by O +herpes O +simplex O +viruses O +type O +1 O +and O +type O +2 O +and O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +into O +hamster O +cells O +transformed O +by O +human O +cytomegalovirus O +was O +found O +to O +be O +resistant O +to O +the O +action O +of O +cytosine B-Chemical +arabinoside I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Similar O +stimulaton O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +uptake O +could O +be O +achieved O +by O +using O +unlabelled O +deoxycytidine O +instead O +of O +cytosine B-Chemical +arabinoside I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Decrease O +of O +sensitivity O +to O +cell O +- O +growth O +inhibitory O +effect O +of O +interferon B-Chemical +in O +human O +embryo O +cells O +after O +infection O +with O +SV40 O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +the O +same O +time O +the O +sensitivity O +of O +cells O +to O +the O +cell O +- O +growth O +inhibitory O +effect O +of O +interferon B-Chemical +decreased O +considerably O +. O + +aps B-category +Isolation O +of O +endotoxic O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +from O +phase O +II O +Coxiella O +burnetti O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +pharmacology O +of O +the O +new O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adrenergic I-Chemical +blocking I-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Total O +serum O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +concentrations O +were O +correlated O +with O +clinical O +manifestations O +in O +93 O +cases O +of O +diazepam B-Chemical +overdose O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +authors O +discuss O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +the O +spontaneously O +developing O +( O +angio O +- O +) O +immunoblastic O +lymphadenopathy O +of O +man O +as O +well O +as O +the O +various O +autoantibodies O +and O +constitutional O +symptoms O +accompanying O +this O +disease O +may O +be O +mediated O +by O +different O +reactions O +of O +T O +lymphocytes O +toward O +adjacent O +lymphocytes O +and O +macrophages O +, O +whose O +membranes O +were O +rendered O +incompatible O +by O +certain O +viruses O +or O +sensitizing O +drugs O +such O +as O +the O +antiepileptic O +compound O +diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Susceptibility O +of O +streptococci O +to O +newer O +tetracyclines O +and O +cephalosporins B-Chemical +and O +to O +other O +antimicrobial O +agents O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +cleaves O +yeast O +RNA O +, O +poly O +( O +U O +) O +, O +poly O +( O +U O +) O +, O +poly O +( O +C O +) O +and O +denatured O +DNA O +to O +yield O +oligonucleotides O +with O +5 O +' O +- O +phosphoryl O +and O +3 O +' O +- B-Chemical +hydroxyl I-Chemical +ends O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +particulate O +enzyme O +was O +solubilized O +by O +treatment O +with O +Triton O +X O +- O +100 O +and O +further O +purified O +by O +polyethylene B-Chemical +glycol I-Chemical +fractionation O +, O +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +and O +Sephadex O +G O +- O +100 O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +was O +determined O +to O +have O +a O +subunit O +molecular O +weight O +of O +78 O +180 O ++ O +/ O +- O +4260 O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +chromatography O +and O +a O +tetrameric O +molecular O +weight O +of O +309 O +200 O ++ O +/ O +- O +4100 O +in O +the O +active O +state O +as O +determined O +by O +molecular O +sieve O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +Purified O +chondrocytic O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +( O +orthophosphoric O +- O +monoester O +phosphohydrolase O +( O +alkaline O +optimum O +) O +, O +EC O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +3 O +. O +1 O +) O +from O +bovine O +fetal O +epiphyseal O +cartilage O +hydrolyzes O +a O +variety O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +esters O +as O +well O +as O +ATP O +and O +inorganic O +pyrophosphate O +. O + +aps B-category +p O +- O +Nitrophenyl O +phosphate B-Chemical +demonstrates O +decreasing O +pH O +optima O +with O +decreasng O +substrate O +concentration O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Characterization O +of O +the O +active O +site O +of O +homogeneous O +thyroid O +purine B-Chemical +nucleoside B-Chemical +phosphorylase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +native O +enzyme O +appears O +to O +have O +a O +molecular O +weight O +of O +92 O +000 O +as O +determined O +by O +sedimentation O +equilibrum O +ultracentrifugation O +and O +is O +comprised O +of O +three O +subunits O +having O +a O +molecular O +weight O +of O +31 O +000 O +each O +as O +shown O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +gel O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +binding O +of O +inosine O +is O +effected O +by O +an O +imidazole O +ring O +of O +histidine O +( O +pKa O +5 O +. O +65 O +) O +and O +a O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +group O +of O +cysteine B-Chemical +( O +pKa O +8 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +contains O +a O +large O +amount O +of O +dicarboxylic O +and O +sulfur O +- O +containing O +amino B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +process O +is O +inhibited O +by O +the O +nucleotide B-Chemical +substrate O +analogs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +free O +urinary O +metabolites O +, O +homovanillic O +, O +indoleacetic O +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +were O +measured O +in O +24 O +h O +urines O +obtained O +from O +seven O +highly O +selected O +drug O +- O +free O +chronic O +schizophrenic O +patients O +and O +seven O +mentally O +normal O +control O +subjects O +on O +a O +low O +amine B-Chemical +diet O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +expressed O +per O +mg O +creatinine B-Chemical +, O +the O +homovanillic O +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +levels O +of O +the O +chronic O +schizophrenic O +patients O +were O +in O +the O +normal O +range O +, O +but O +indoleacetic O +acid O +was O +slightly O +and O +statistically O +significantly O +higher O +, O +p O += O +0 O +. O +01 O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +immobilized O +enzyme O +( O +pancreatic O +ribonuclease O +bound O +to O +porous O +titania O +) O +was O +investigated O +for O +the O +degradation O +of O +purified O +yeast O +ribonucleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +as O +a O +substrate O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effect O +of O +antihistaminics O +on O +bradykinin B-Chemical +action O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Suppressor O +cells O +are O +resistant O +to O +mitomycin B-Chemical +C I-Chemical +and O +carrageenan B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Photoperiodic O +acclimation O +and O +circadian O +variations O +in O +tolerance O +of O +juvenile O +rainbow O +trout O +( O +Salmo O +gairdneri O +) O +to O +zinc B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Propranolol B-Chemical +acted O +as O +a O +competitive O +antagonist O +to O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +greatest O +reduction O +was O +smaller O +than O +that O +produced O +by O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Alpha O +2 O +- O +adrenoceptors O +mediate O +clonidine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +sedation O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +intracerebroventricular O +injection O +, O +xylazine B-Chemical +, O +naphazoline B-Chemical +and O +methoxamine B-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +, O +produced O +similar O +effects O +. 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O + +aps B-category +2 O +A O +slow O +- O +reacting O +substance O +( O +SRS O +) O +was O +prepared O +from O +the O +peritoneal O +fluid O +of O +rats O +treated O +with O +calcium B-Chemical +ionophore O +A23187 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +high O +pressure O +helium O +and O +nitrogen B-Chemical +on O +the O +release O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +from O +the O +guinea O +- O +pig O +ileum O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +superfusion O +system O +was O +designed O +in O +which O +this O +tissue O +could O +be O +maintained O +under O +physiological O +conditions O +in O +a O +high O +pressure O +chamber O +. O +2 O +Helium O +, O +at O +a O +pressure O +of O +136 O +atm O +slightly O +increased O +the O +spontaneous O +output O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +but O +produced O +no O +significant O +changes O +at O +68 O +atm O +( O +136 O +atm O +is O +close O +to O +the O +lethal O +pressure O +for O +small O +mammals O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Similarly O +, O +in O +the O +mouse O +, O +catalepsy O +induced O +by O +the O +subcutaneous O +injection O +of O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +was O +abolished O +by O +atropine B-Chemical +but O +not O +affected O +by O +either O +methysergide B-Chemical +or O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HTP I-Chemical +. O +9 O +Atropine B-Chemical +greatly O +reduced O +the O +catalepsy O +induced O +by O +U O +- O +32 O +, O +802A O +and O +tetrabenazine B-Chemical +but O +lowered O +striatal O +homovanillic O +acid O +( O +HVA O +) O +only O +after O +U O +- O +32 O +, O +802A O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +on O +responses O +of O +the O +rabbit O +ear O +artery O +to O +electrical O +stimulation O +and O +to O +exogenous O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +and O +to O +exogenous O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +( O +NA O +) O +were O +investigated O +. O +2 O +Both O +intraluminal O +( O +I O +/ O +L O +) O +and O +extraluminal O +( O +E O +/ O +L O +) O +histamine B-Chemical +potentiated O +responses O +to O +E O +. O +S O +. O + +aps B-category +or O +I O +/ O +L O +NA O +by O +histamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +1 O +In O +chloralose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +anaesthetized I-Chemical +dogs O +pretreated O +with O +guanethidine B-Chemical +and O +pancuronium B-Chemical +, O +electrical O +stimulation O +( O +0 O +. O +2 O +to O +5 O +Hz O +) O +of O +the O +peripheral O +end O +of O +the O +cut O +tibial O +nerve O +caused O +a O +frequency O +- O +dependent O +increase O +in O +femoral O +blood O +flow O +which O +was O +restricted O +to O +the O +paw O +pads O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +, O +however O +, O +attenuated O +in O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +manner O +by O +intra O +- O +arterial O +administration O +of O +the O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptor O +antagonist O +, O +ergometrine B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +05 O +to O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +response O +was O +not O +due O +to O +inhibition O +of O +adrenergic O +vasomotor O +tone O +and O +was O +abolished O +by O +systemic O +ganglion O +blockade O +or O +by O +tibial O +nerve O +section O +as O +well O +as O +by O +femoral O +arterial O +administration O +of O +ergometrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Antagonism O +of O +vasodepressor O +and O +gastric O +secretory O +responses O +to O +histamine B-Chemical +by O +ranitidine B-Chemical +and O +cimetidine B-Chemical +in O +the O +anaesthetised O +dog O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Modulation O +of O +picrotoxin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +forepaw O +myoclonus O +in O +the O +rat O +by O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +None O +improved O +on O +tricyclics O +alone O +, O +whereas O +all O +those O +treated O +initially O +with O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +improved O +. O + +aps B-category +New O +radiopharmaceuticals O +including O +iodine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +123 I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Fink O +- O +Heimer O +silver B-Chemical +impregnation O +revealed O +dense O +terminal O +degeneration O +in O +the O +nigra O +itself O +( O +both O +in O +the O +compacta O +and O +in O +the O +reticulata O +) O +and O +in O +areas O +of O +non O +- O +dopaminergic O +nigral O +projection O +such O +as O +the O +ventromedial O +( O +VM O +) O +nucleus O +of O +the O +thalamus O +, O +the O +superior O +colliculus O +and O +the O +reticular O +formation O +; O +only O +spare O +terminal O +degeneration O +was O +found O +in O +areas O +of O +dopaminergic O +projection O +such O +as O +the O +caudate O +and O +septum O +. O + +aps B-category +Nerve O +growth O +factor O +: O +effects O +on O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +activity O +and O +brain O +monoamines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Such O +lesions O +were O +previously O +reported O +to O +attenuate O +the O +locomotor O +response O +to O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amphetamine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Levels O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +in O +the O +striatum O +and O +nucleus O +accumbens O +were O +equivalently O +depressed O +in O +the O +two O +lesion O +groups O +, O +indicating O +that O +the O +apparent O +recovery O +of O +the O +NGF O +- O +treated O +rats O +was O +probably O +not O +due O +to O +catecholaminergic O +neuronal O +regrowth O +. O + +aps B-category +NGF O +might O +increase O +dopamine B-Chemical +turnover O +at O +15 O +days O +, O +but O +the O +evidence O +obtained O +did O +not O +convincingly O +confirm O +or O +negate O +this O +possibility O +. O + +aps B-category +Neurochemical O +plasticity O +: O +increased O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +decarboxylase O +activity O +in O +the O +olfactory O +tubercle O +following O +olfactory O +bulb O +removal O +during O +postnatal O +development O +. O + +aps B-category +Regulation O +of O +retinal O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +: O +long O +- O +term O +exposure O +to O +light O +increased O +the O +apparent O +Vmax O +without O +a O +concomitant O +increase O +of O +immunotitratable O +enzyme O +molecules O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Binding O +of O +testosterone B-Chemical +and O +dihydrotestosterone O +to O +plasma O +proteins O +in O +rabbits O +under O +different O +physiological O +conditions O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +radioimmunoassay O +( O +RIA O +) O +for O +oxytocin B-Chemical +( O +OT O +) O +in O +urine O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +unique O +ip O +injection O +( O +11 O +, O +78 O +mEq O +/ O +kg O +) O +LiCl B-Chemical +increases O +in O +the O +Rat O +catalepsy O +produced O +by O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +, O +prochlorperazine B-Chemical +, O +fluphenazine B-Chemical +, O +levomepromazine B-Chemical +, O +haloperidol B-Chemical +and O +reserpine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +After O +repeated O +injections O +of O +LiCl B-Chemical +( O +5 O +mEq O +/ O +kg O +/ O +d O +/ O +5 O +dip O +) O +potentiation O +of O +catalepsy O +is O +more O +fugacious O +and O +not O +produced O +by O +levomepromazine B-Chemical +and O +reserpine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +general O +pattern O +of O +increased O +glycogen O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +with O +decreased O +pyruvate B-Chemical +, O +lactate B-Chemical +, O +alpha O +- O +ketoglutarate O +, O +and O +malate B-Chemical +was O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +major O +qualitative O +difference O +between O +the O +two O +drugs O +was O +that O +higher O +doses O +of O +GBL O +were O +associated O +with O +additional O +decreases O +of O +citrate B-Chemical +and O +glutamate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +An O +initial O +increase O +followed O +by O +a O +decrease O +in O +the O +pH O +oscillation O +was O +seen O +when O +hearts O +were O +perfused O +with O +medium O +containing O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +at O +pH O +6 O +. O +6 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reaction O +of O +the O +cancerostatic O +CCNU B-Chemical +with O +the O +catalytic O +site O +of O +transglutaminase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +electrophoretic O +mobility O +of O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +transpeptidase O +extracted O +from O +the O +cells O +coincided O +with O +that O +of O +a O +novel O +isozyme O +found O +in O +human O +renal O +carcinoma O +tissue O +, O +and O +the O +genetic O +phenotype O +of O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +was O +proved O +to O +be O +the O +B O +phenotype O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +tissue O +distribution O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +estramustine O +, O +the O +dephosphorylated O +metabolite O +of O +estramustine O +phosphate B-Chemical +( O +Estracyt O +) O +, O +in O +the O +male O +rat O +was O +compared O +to O +that O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +estradiol B-Chemical +30 O +min O +and O +2 O +hr O +following O +i O +. O +p O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +a O +dextran B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +coated I-Chemical +charcoal B-Chemical +technique O +, O +the O +protein O +was O +found O +to O +bind O +estramustine O +with O +a O +broad O +pH O +optimum O +between O +pH O +7 O +and O +pH O +8 O +. O +5 O +, O +with O +an O +apparent O +Kd O +of O +10 O +to O +30 O +nM O +, O +and O +with O +a O +binding O +capacity O +of O +about O +5 O +nmol O +/ O +mg O +cytosol O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +presence O +of O +a O +nitrogen B-Chemical +mustard O +moiety O +at O +position O +3 O +of O +the O +steroid B-Chemical +was O +necessary O +for O +high O +- O +affinity O +binding O +to O +the O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +Appearance O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +, O +aromatic O +amino B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +decarboxylase O +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +beta O +- O +hydroxylase O +and O +phenylethanolamine O +N O +- O +methyltransferase O +during O +the O +ontogenesis O +of O +the O +adrenal O +medulla O +: O +an O +immunohistochemical O +study O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Tissues O +were O +fixed O +in O +ice O +- O +cold O +4 O +% O +paraformaldehyde O +in O +0 O +. O +1 O +M O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +( O +pH O +7 O +. O +2 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Radioactively O +labelled O +benzene B-Chemical +, O +phenol B-Chemical +, O +chlorobenzene O +, O +BP O +and O +MC O +were O +incubated O +with O +liver O +microsomes O +from O +control O +, O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +and O +MC O +- O +treated O +rats O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +an O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +generating I-Chemical +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Benzene O +, O +phenol B-Chemical +and O +chlorobenzene O +metabolites O +showed O +one O +type O +of O +binding O +pattern O +dominated O +by O +a O +band O +at O +72 O +000 O +Mr O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +generating I-Chemical +system O +was O +essential O +for O +metabolite O +binding O +and O +GSH O +and O +UDPGA O +greatly O +reduced O +binding O +. O + +aps B-category +Consideration O +of O +the O +known O +chemistry O +of O +dioxolanes O +, O +together O +with O +recent O +advances O +in O +the O +understanding O +of O +double O +Soret O +spectra O +, O +lead B-Chemical +to O +a O +possible O +explanation O +for O +the O +differences O +between O +the O +spectra O +of O +dioxolanes O +and O +their O +aromatic O +analogs O +, O +the O +methylenedioxyphenyl O +compounds O +. O + +aps B-category +Pretreatment O +with O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxydopamine I-Chemical +abolished O +the O +antihypertensive O +effects O +of O +intravenously O +and O +intracisternally O +administered O +dl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propranolol I-Chemical +in O +dogs O +with O +acute O +neurogenic O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +was O +designed O +to O +determine O +the O +effect O +of O +methylprednisolone B-Chemical +on O +the O +profile O +of O +hepatic O +oxygen B-Chemical +supply O +and O +selected O +blood O +parameters O +in O +fasted O +, O +male O +rats O +administered O +an O +LD85 O +dosage O +of O +E O +coli O +endotoxin O +intraperitoneally O +. O + +aps B-category +Beginning O +with O +the O +fourth O +hour O +, O +untreated O +endotoxin O +rats O +had O +significantly O +higher O +heart O +rates O +and O +lower O +plasma O +glucose B-Chemical +; O +by O +the O +sixth O +or O +eighth O +hour O +there O +was O +significantly O +greater O +hypocapnia O +, O +lower O +blood O +pH O +, O +and O +higher O +plasma O +lactate B-Chemical +levels O +in O +comparison O +to O +endotoxic O +rats O +receiving O +methylprednisolone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Methylprednisolone O +controls O +showed O +a O +steady O +increase O +of O +plasma O +glucose B-Chemical +levels O +through O +eight O +hours O +but O +were O +otherwise O +stable O +. O + +aps B-category +Improved O +method O +for O +accurate O +quantitation O +of O +total O +and O +conjugated O +bilirubin B-Chemical +in O +serum O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +modifications O +to O +the O +original O +continuous O +- O +flow O +procedure O +for O +dialyzable O +calcium B-Chemical +( O +Clin O +. O + +aps B-category +Enzyme O +activity O +against O +hippuryl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +was O +studied O +in O +cultured O +skin O +fibroblasts O +from O +controls O +and O +cystic O +fibrosis O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +Human O +erythrocyte O +thiol B-Chemical +methyltransferase O +: O +radiochemical O +microassay O +and O +biochemical O +properties O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +2 O +- O +mercaptoethanol O +and O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +were O +used O +as O +substrates O +for O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +apparent O +Michaelis O +- O +Menten O +( O +KM O +) O +value O +for O +the O +methyl O +donor O +for O +the O +reaction O +, O +S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adenosyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methionine I-Chemical +, O +was O +43 O +mumol O +/ O +l O +. O + +aps B-category +According O +to O +gel O +electrophoresis O +in O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +, O +purified O +arylsulfatase O +A O +consistently O +contained O +two O +subunits O +of O +slightly O +different O +sizes O +: O +approximately O +69 O +000 O +and O +57 O +000 O +daltons O +, O +but O +were O +not O +present O +in O +stoichiometrically O +equal O +amounts O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +compared O +glucose B-Chemical +metabolism O +by O +erythrocytes O +from O +patients O +with O +Duchenne O +muscular O +dystrophy O +and O +by O +erythrocytes O +from O +control O +individuals O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +pH O +of O +the O +incubation O +medium O +was O +changed O +to O +8 O +. O +0 O +, O +we O +found O +that O +the O +increase O +in O +the O +rate O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +production O +for O +the O +dystrophic O +group O +was O +significantly O +larger O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +continuous O +flow O +method O +has O +been O +developed O +for O +the O +automatic O +determination O +of O +enterokinase O +in O +rat O +small O +intesstine O +mucosa O +and O +/ O +or O +luminal B-Chemical +content O +. O + +aps B-category +Variations O +in O +the O +extracellular O +potassium B-Chemical +concentration O +( O +from O +0 O +. O +5 O +mmol O +/ O +l O +to O +22 O +mmol O +/ O +l O +) O +had O +no O +direct O +effect O +on O +the O +arterial O +pressure O +. O + +aps B-category +Variations O +in O +the O +potassium B-Chemical +concentration O +within O +the O +physiological O +range O +did O +not O +affect O +the O +dose O +- O +dependent O +responses O +to O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Uptake O +and O +metabolism O +of O +lead B-Chemical +and O +cadmium O +in O +coho O +salmon O +( O +Oncorhynchus O +kisutch O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Zinc O +in O +the O +gills O +of O +the O +dogfish O +( O +Scyliorhinus O +canicula O +L O +. O +) O +related O +to O +experimental O +aquatic O +zinc B-Chemical +pollution O +. O + +aps B-category +Maturation O +- O +and O +species O +- O +related O +differences O +in O +inotropic O +response O +to O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Daily O +rhythms O +of O +serotonin B-Chemical +and O +N O +- O +acetyltransferase O +in O +chicks O +. O + +aps B-category +Fructose O +1 O +, O +6 O +- O +bisphosphatase O +and O +total O +proteolytic O +activity O +in O +the O +liver O +of O +Salmo O +gairdneri O +: O +effects O +of O +ph O +and O +ammonia B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +new O +postsynaptic O +alpha O +- O +receptor O +blocker O +prazosin B-Chemical +, O +is O +generally O +free O +of O +the O +side O +effects O +that O +precluded O +the O +use O +of O +alpha O +- O +blockers O +which O +affected O +both O +pre O +- O +and O +postsynaptic O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Most O +of O +our O +experience O +has O +been O +with O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +but O +other O +beta O +- O +blockers O +, O +now O +used O +in O +England O +and O +Europe O +, O +are O +likely O +to O +become O +available O +in O +the O +United O +States O +. O + +aps B-category +General O +guidelines O +for O +the O +use O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +are O +given O +in O +Table O +6 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Similar O +pretreatment O +of O +pregnant O +rats O +, O +however O +, O +increased O +estradiol B-Chemical +glucuronyltransferase O +activity O +approximately O +twofold O +and O +estrone O +glucuronyltransferase O +activity O +approximately O +threefold O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +isoniazid B-Chemical +treatment O +on O +selected O +hepatic O +mixed O +- O +function O +oxidases O +. O + +aps B-category +Isoniazid B-Chemical +treatment O +significantly O +increased O +the O +rate O +of O +metabolism O +of O +p O +- O +nitroanisole O +, O +ethoxyresorufin O +, O +aniline O +, O +methoxyflurane B-Chemical +, O +enflurane B-Chemical +, O +isoflurane B-Chemical +, O +and O +sevoflurane B-Chemical +, O +significantly O +decreased O +the O +rate O +of O +metabolism O +of O +aminopyrine O +, O +and O +did O +not O +alter O +the O +activity O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +c O +reductase O +or O +the O +microsomal O +contents O +of O +cytochromes O +b5 O +and O +P O +- O +450 O +per O +mg O +of O +microsomal O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +isoniazid B-Chemical +treatment O +resulted O +in O +a O +shift O +in O +the O +( O +reduced O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +plus O +CO O +) O +absorption O +maximum O +from O +450 O +to O +451 O +nm O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +nitrite B-Chemical +on O +rabbit O +liver O +mixed O +- O +function O +oxidase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +hepatic O +metabolism O +of O +EM O +and O +BP O +was O +not O +strain O +- O +dependent O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +genetic O +control O +of O +adrenal O +microsomal O +drug O +and O +steroid B-Chemical +metabolism O +appear O +to O +be O +independent O +of O +one O +another O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +spironolactone B-Chemical +pretreatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Biliary O +excretion O +and O +perfusate O +disappearance O +of O +3H O +- O +digitoxin O +were O +significantly O +increased O +in O +livers O +taken O +from O +spironolactone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +pretreated I-Chemical +animals O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Lactose O +- O +dependent O +lysis O +occurred O +in O +buffers O +containing O +anions O +such O +as O +sulafte O +, O +chloride B-Chemical +, O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +or O +citrate B-Chemical +; O +however O +, O +thiocyanate O +or O +acetate O +protected O +the O +cells O +from O +lysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Prevalence O +of O +tardive O +dyskinesia O +is O +estimated O +at O +24 O +- O +56 O +% O +in O +chronic O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +users O +. O + +aps B-category +Membrane O +vesicles O +prepared O +from O +this O +organism O +exhibited O +Mg2 O ++ O +- O +dependent O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphatase O +( O +ATPase O +) O +activity O +sensitive O +to O +N O +, O +N O +' O +- O +dicyclohexylcarbodiimide O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Studies O +on O +the O +interaction O +of O +p O +- O +hydroxybenzoate O +hydroxylase O +with O +NADPH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Biological O +amine B-Chemical +transport O +in O +chromaffin O +ghosts O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +chloride B-Chemical +was O +present O +in O +the O +medium O +, O +addition O +of O +ATP O +resulted O +in O +the O +generation O +of O +a O +transmembrane O +proton O +gradient O +, O +acidic O +inside O +of O +1 O +pH O +unit O +( O +measured O +by O +[ O +14C O +] O +methylamine O +distribution O +) O +, O +and O +no O +transmembrane O +potential O +( O +measured O +by O +[ O +14C O +] O +- O +thiocyanate O +distribution O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Accumulation O +of O +[ O +14C O +] O +epinephrine B-Chemical +or O +[ O +14C O +] O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +was O +over O +1 O +order O +of O +magnitude O +greater O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +the O +transmembrane O +proton O +gradient O +or O +the O +transmembrane O +potential O +than O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +any O +gradient O +and O +, O +moreover O +, O +was O +related O +to O +the O +magnitude O +of O +the O +proton O +or O +potential O +gradient O +in O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +manner O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +preparation O +, O +the O +maximal O +rate O +of O +amine B-Chemical +accumulation O +was O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +Proton O +movements O +in O +response O +to O +a O +light O +- O +driven O +electrogenic O +pump O +for O +sodium B-Chemical +ions O +in O +Halobacterium O +halobium O +membranes O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +accumulation O +, O +per O +se O +, O +is O +not O +responsible O +for O +swelling O +, O +but O +levels O +of O +exogenous O +palmitic O +acid O +as O +low O +as O +1 O +nmol O +/ O +mg O +of O +protein O +dramatically O +alter O +the O +dependence O +of O +swelling O +velocity O +on O +Ca2 O ++ O +concentration O +, O +producing O +a O +shift O +from O +a O +sigmoidal O +- O +to O +a O +hyperbolic O +- O +like O +relationship O +. O + +aps B-category +Intramitochondrial O +acylcoenzyme O +A O +or O +acylcarnitine O +, O +or O +both O +, O +therefore O +, O +to O +be O +the O +modulator O +of O +Ca2 O ++ O +sensitivity O +rather O +than O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +subunit O +contains O +123 O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residues O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Redox O +titration O +of O +Cu O +( O +I O +) O +azurin O +with O +K3Fe O +( O +CN O +) O +6 O +, O +is O +used O +to O +correlate O +Cu O +( O +I O +) O +and O +Cu O +( O +II O +) O +1H O +nmr O +spectral O +features O +, O +and O +observed O +line O +broadenings O +deriving O +from O +Cu O +( O +II O +) O +paramagnetic O +effects O +are O +used O +to O +deduce O +the O +distances O +of O +assigned O +proton O +groups O +from O +the O +copper B-Chemical +center O +. O + +aps B-category +Influence O +of O +cerebral O +embolism O +on O +brain O +monoamines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Dopamine B-Chemical +was O +reduced O +in O +the O +ipsilateral O +caudate O +nucleus O +, O +the O +reported O +site O +of O +maximal O +ischaemic O +damage O +in O +this O +model O +. 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O +0 O +for O +two O +hours O +even O +at O +0 O +degrees O +C O +but O +about O +40 O +% O +of O +the O +original O +activity O +could O +be O +restored O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +excess O +thiamine B-Chemical +pyrophosphate I-Chemical +and O +CaCl2 B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +serum O +and O +liver O +cholesterol B-Chemical +levels O +of O +the O +rats O +fed O +the O +basal O +diet O +were O +reduced O +by O +feeding O +oyster O +or O +clam O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activities O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +, O +malic O +enzyme O +and O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +carboxylase O +were O +markedly O +reduced O +in O +the O +basal O +groups O +fed O +oyster O +or O +clam O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +also O +resulted O +in O +a O +larger O +accumulation O +of O +lithium B-Chemical +in O +the O +liver O +, O +kidney O +and O +spleen O +, O +but O +not O +in O +the O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +plotted O +against O +the O +total O +number O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +atoms O +in O +the O +side O +chains O +, O +log O +octanol O +/ O +water O +distribution O +coefficients O +gave O +two O +parallel O +straight O +lines O +, O +one O +for O +the O +substituted O +benzoic O +acids O +, O +and O +the O +other O +for O +the O +substituted O +phenylalkanoic O +acids O +. O + +aps B-category +Aspirin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phenacetin I-Chemical +interaction O +in O +the O +rat O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Based O +on O +this O +reaction O +, O +a O +fluorescence O +assay O +suitable O +for O +quantitative O +d O +, O +l B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methadone I-Chemical +analysis O +from O +plasma O +and O +other O +tissues O +was O +developed O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +this O +method O +, O +d O +, O +l B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methadone I-Chemical +can O +be O +assayed O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +its O +metabolites O +, O +morphine B-Chemical +, O +diacetylmorphine O +( O +heroin B-Chemical +) O +, O +codeine B-Chemical +, O +and O +cocaine B-Chemical +; O +however O +, O +amphetamine B-Chemical +, O +meperidine B-Chemical +, O +and O +quinine B-Chemical +interfere O +. O + +aps B-category +Specificity O +for O +chloride B-Chemical +was O +demonstrated O +by O +the O +rapid O +dissolution O +rate O +for O +the O +hydrochloride O +dihydrate O +in O +0 O +. O +1 O +N O +methanesulfonic O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +show O +that O +common O +ion O +equilibria O +with O +chloride B-Chemical +can O +strongly O +reduce O +the O +dissolution O +rate O +of O +a O +thermodynamically O +stable O +hydrochloride O +salt B-Chemical +form O +, O +while O +the O +free O +base O +or O +a O +metastable O +hydrochloride O +salt B-Chemical +are O +not O +similarly O +affected O +. O + +aps B-category +Most O +morphine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +like I-Chemical +agonists O +substituted O +for O +one O +another O +during O +substitution O +tests O +; O +the O +tested O +agonists O +included O +alphaprodine O +, O +codeine B-Chemical +, O +fentanyl B-Chemical +, O +heroin B-Chemical +, O +meperidine B-Chemical +, O +methadone B-Chemical +, O +morphine B-Chemical +, O +piminodine O +and O +propoxyphene O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclazocine O +, O +levallorphan O +, O +naltrexone O +, O +dextromethorphan B-Chemical +, O +ethoheptazine O +and O +the O +narcotic O +agonists O +did O +not O +substitute O +for O +one O +another O +, O +suggesting O +that O +six O +dissimilar O +discriminable O +effects O +were O +produced O +by O +these O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +electrode O +system O +for O +plotting O +ionized O +plasma O +calcium B-Chemical +and O +pH O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ouabain B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +insensitive I-Chemical +Na O +efflux O +in O +barnacle O +muscle O +fibres O +is O +promptly O +stimulated O +by O +injection O +of O +cyclic O +GMP O +. O + +aps B-category +Stabilization O +of O +myoplasmic O +pCa O +by O +injecting O +100 O +mM O +- O +EGTA O +before O +or O +after O +cyclic O +GMP O +fails O +to O +alter O +the O +magnitude O +of O +the O +response O +to O +the O +nucleotide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +However O +pre O +- O +injection O +of O +10 O +( O +- O +2 O +) O +M B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +papaverine I-Chemical +enhances O +the O +response O +to O +a O +subsequent O +injection O +of O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +M O +- O +cyclic O +GMP O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +argument O +is O +put O +forward O +that O +injected O +cyclic O +GMP O +stimulates O +the O +ouabain B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +insensitive I-Chemical +Na O +efflux O +mainly O +by O +activating O +cyclic O +AMP O +- O +protein O +kinase O +rather O +than O +cyclic O +GMP O +- O +proton O +kinase O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +identical O +curve O +was O +obtained O +when O +the O +chloride B-Chemical +in O +the O +external O +solution O +was O +replaced O +by O +acetate O +. O +3 O +. O + +aps B-category +ethacrynic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +after O +i O +. O +v O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +endolymphatic O +pH O +changes O +were O +measured O +separately O +and O +the O +effect O +of O +perilymphatic O +ethacrynic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +upon O +the O +endocochlear O +potential O +was O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Gall O +- O +bladder O +fluid O +and O +electrolyte O +transport O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +butyrate O +in O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +free I-Chemical +solutions O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Choline O +administration O +increased O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +in O +all O +four O +tissues O +, O +probably O +by O +increasing O +the O +release O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +from O +preganglionic O +sympathetic O +neurones O +that O +synapse O +on O +catecholamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +producing I-Chemical +ganglion O +and O +chromaffin O +cells O +; O +carbachol B-Chemical +and O +nicotine B-Chemical +had O +similar O +effects O +. O +3 O +. O + +aps B-category +Reserpine B-Chemical +and O +phenoxybenzamine O +increased O +the O +activity O +of O +the O +enzyme O +in O +all O +four O +tissues O +. O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +Several O +drugs O +known O +to O +modify O +central O +neurotransmission O +were O +found O +to O +increase O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +in O +some O +portions O +of O +the O +sympathetic O +nervous O +system O +but O +not O +in O +others O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxotremorine O +, O +a O +centrally O +acting O +muscarinic O +agonist O +, O +increased O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +only O +in O +the O +adrenal O +medullae O +; O +its O +effect O +was O +not O +blocked O +by O +methylatropine B-Chemical +, O +a O +peripheral O +muscarinic O +blocker O +. O +7 O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +, O +similar O +to O +those O +reported O +for O +Cl O +- O +self O +- O +exchange O +, O +suggest O +that O +: O +( O +i O +) O +a O +change O +in O +the O +rate O +- O +limiting O +step O +for O +HCO3 O +- O +/ O +Cl O +- O +exchange O +occurs O +at O +17 O +degrees O +C O +, O +possibly O +due O +to O +an O +altered O +interaction O +between O +the O +transport O +pathway O +and O +membrane O +lipids O +; O +( O +ii O +) O +the O +carrier O +system O +can O +be O +titrated O +by O +either O +H O ++ O +or O +SITS O +from O +the O +outside O +of O +the O +membrane O +, O +but O +the O +untitrated O +sites O +continue O +to O +transport O +normally O +; O +( O +iii O +) O +the O +pH0 O +dependence O +of O +the O +rate O +of O +exchange O +is O +consistent O +with O +the O +titratable O +carrier O +having O +its O +most O +alkaline O +pK O +in O +the O +range O +expected O +for O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +; O +and O +( O +iv O +) O +below O +pH0 O +5 O +, O +the O +nature O +of O +the O +exchange O +is O +markedly O +altered O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibitory O +actions O +of O +mercury O +compounds O +against O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +from O +yeast O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Km O +value O +was O +5 O +. O +26 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +for O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +and O +Ki O +value O +of O +MC O +was O +2 O +. O +17 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +, O +while O +that O +of O +MMC O +was O +4 O +. O +35 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +M O +. O +The O +strong O +complex O +formation O +of O +nicotinamide B-Chemical +adenine I-Chemical +dinucleotide I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +( O +NADP O +) O +or O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +( O +cysteine B-Chemical +, O +cystine O +, O +histidine O +, O +tryptophan B-Chemical +or O +tyrosine B-Chemical +) O +with O +MC O +was O +demonstrated O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +as O +compared O +with O +that O +of O +MMC O +in O +the O +same O +buffer O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +second O +method O +, O +not O +previously O +reported O +, O +uses O +measured O +pH O +to O +estimate O +the O +ratio O +[ O +HCO3 O +- O +] O +/ O +PCO2 O +, O +which O +, O +when O +multiplied O +by O +PCO2 O +, O +equals O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +ion O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +Hypothermic O +circulatory O +arrest O +: O +31 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphorus I-Chemical +nuclear O +magnetic O +resonsance O +of O +isolated O +perfused O +neonatal O +rat O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Phencyclidine O +- O +induced O +stereotyped O +behavior O +in O +rats O +: O +dose O +response O +effects O +and O +antagonism O +by O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +properties O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +diazepam I-Chemical +displacing O +activity O +from O +human O +urine O +. O + +aps B-category +Reactions O +of O +the O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +groups O +of O +bovine O +rhodopsin O +in O +rod O +outer O +segment O +membranes O +have O +been O +investigated O +using O +4 O +, O +4 O +' O +- O +dithiopyridine O +. O + +aps B-category +Clostridium O +perfringens O +type O +C O +strain O +CN O +5384 O +produced O +a O +higher O +level O +of O +beta O +toxin O +in O +a O +controlled O +pH O +medium O +containing O +1 O +% O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +starch O +, O +or O +sucrose B-Chemical +than O +in O +media O +with O +dextrin O +, O +fructose O +, O +or O +raffinose O +. O + +aps B-category +Spores O +of O +Bacillus O +cereus O +T O +treated O +with O +trichloroacetic O +acid O +( O +6 O +. O +1 O +- O +- O +61 O +. O +2 O +mM O +) O +were O +compared O +with O +untreated O +spores O +, O +and O +as O +the O +concentration O +of O +the O +chemical O +increased O +, O +the O +following O +alterations O +in O +spore O +properties O +were O +found O +: O +( O +1 O +) O +the O +extent O +of O +germination O +decreased O +irrespective O +of O +the O +germination O +medium O +used O +; O +( O +2 O +) O +the O +spores O +became O +sensitive O +to O +sodium B-Chemical +hydroxide O +( O +1 O +N O +) O +and O +hydrochloric O +acid O +( O +0 O +. O +27 O +N O +) O +, O +but O +not O +to O +lysozyme O +( O +200 O +micrograms O +/ O +ml O +) O +; O +( O +3 O +) O +loss O +of O +dipicolinate O +increased O +on O +subsequent O +heating O +; O +and O +( O +4 O +) O +the O +spores O +became O +more O +sensitive O +to O +heat O +. O + +aps B-category +Enhanced O +production O +of O +interferon B-Chemical +and O +appearance O +of O +cytotoxin O +stimulated O +by O +capsular O +polysaccharide O +of O +Klebsiella O +pneumoniae O +or O +bacterial O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Associated O +with O +this O +, O +BCG O +- O +infected O +mice O +showed O +a O +markedly O +enhanced O +ability O +to O +produce O +interferon B-Chemical +after O +stimulation O +not O +only O +by O +LPS O +but O +also O +by O +neutral O +CPS O +- O +K O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +time O +pattern O +of O +cytotoxin O +production O +was O +not O +in O +parallel O +with O +that O +of O +interferon B-Chemical +production O +. O + +aps B-category +Interferon B-Chemical +and O +cytotoxin O +produced O +by O +neutral O +CPS O +- O +K O +showed O +essentially O +the O +same O +stabilities O +to O +heating O +at O +56 O +C O +and O +to O +treatment O +at O +pH O +2 O +respectively O +as O +those O +produced O +by O +LPS O +. O + +aps B-category +Cytotoxin O +was O +inactivated O +by O +treatment O +at O +pH O +2 O +for O +24 O +hr O +, O +whereas O +interferon B-Chemical +activity O +was O +well O +preserved O +after O +this O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +coagulases O +, O +they O +were O +resistant O +to O +the O +action O +of O +heavy O +metal O +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +first O +part O +of O +the O +review O +the O +background O +to O +the O +discovery O +of O +the O +asymmetric O +synthesis O +of O +squalene O +from O +two O +molecules O +of O +farnesyl O +pyrophosphate O +and O +NADPH B-Chemical +is O +described O +, O +then O +the O +stereochemistry O +of O +the O +overall O +reaction O +is O +summarized O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +possibility O +that O +different O +preexisting O +personality O +disorders O +lead B-Chemical +to O +different O +kinds O +of O +drug O +abuse O +cannot O +be O +excluded O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +first O +phase O +, O +which O +triggers O +the O +early O +events O +of O +fertilisation O +, O +is O +mediated O +by O +transitory O +increase O +of O +intracellular O +free O +calcium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Biochemically O +, O +the O +selective O +induction O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +( O +TH O +) O +and O +dopamine B-Chemical +beta O +- O +hydroxylase O +key O +enzymes O +in O +catecholamine B-Chemical +biosynthesis O +is O +one O +of O +its O +most O +characteristic O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Antidepressant B-Chemical +and O +antipsychotic O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +profusion O +of O +data O +on O +the O +subject O +suggests O +the O +amines B-Chemical +may O +be O +implicated O +in O +the O +disease O +, O +however O +no O +convincing O +hypothesis O +is O +available O +which O +unites O +the O +two O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +evidence O +appears O +to O +be O +overwhelming O +relating O +dopamine B-Chemical +in O +the O +action O +of O +these O +agents O +and O +yet O +serious O +inconsistencies O +have O +been O +reported O +suggesting O +the O +need O +for O +a O +revision O +of O +the O +hypothesis O +regarding O +the O +mode O +of O +action O +of O +antipsychotic O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +Electric O +foot O +- O +shock O +stress O +( O +20 O +min O +) O +increases O +DOPAC B-Chemical +content O +in O +the O +frontal O +cortex O +( O +by O +about O +80 O +% O +) O +and O +in O +the O +nucleus O +accumbens O +( O +by O +35 O +% O +) O +but O +not O +in O +the O +striatum O +. O + +aps B-category +Similar O +results O +were O +obtained O +in O +rats O +in O +which O +noradrenergic O +terminals O +in O +the O +n O +. O +accumbens O +and O +in O +the O +frontal O +cortex O +had O +been O +eliminated O +by O +injection O +of O +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +OH I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopamine I-Chemical +into O +the O +ascending O +dorsal O +noradrenergic O +bundle O +. O + +aps B-category +1 O +. O +pA2 O +values O +have O +been O +obtained O +for O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +butoxamine O +, O +H35 O +/ O +25 O +and O +atenolol B-Chemical +on O +guinea O +- O +pig O +isolated O +trachea O +and O +atria O +( O +rate O +) O +using O +noredrenaline O +( O +beta O +1 O +- O +selective O +) O +, O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +( O +non O +- O +selective O +) O +and O +fenoterol O +( O +beta O +2 O +- O +selective O +) O +as O +agonists O +. O + +aps B-category +butoxamine O +and O +H35 O +/ O +25 O +were O +beta O +2 O +- O +selective O +, O +propranolol B-Chemical +was O +non O +- O +selective O +and O +atenolol B-Chemical +was O +beta O +1 O +- O +selective O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +direct O +identification O +of O +alpha O +- O +adrenoceptors O +in O +a O +membrane O +fraction O +of O +the O +rabbit O +heart O +the O +potent O +alpha O +- O +adrenoceptor O +antagonist O +[ B-Chemical +3H I-Chemical +] I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dihydroergocryptine I-Chemical +( O +[ O +3H O +] O +- O +DHE O +) O +was O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +Binding O +is O +stereospecific O +as O +indicated O +by O +the O +greater O +potency O +of O +( O +- O +) O +adrenaline B-Chemical +than O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +adrenaline B-Chemical +in O +displacing O +[ O +3H O +] O +- O +DHE O +from O +the O +binding O +sites O +. O + +aps B-category +Adenosine B-Chemical +effects O +upon O +transmitter O +release O +parameters O +in O +the O +Mg2 O ++ O +- O +paralyzed O +neuro O +- O +muscular O +junction O +of O +frog O +. O + +aps B-category +Adenosine B-Chemical +decreased O +the O +mean O +quantal O +content O +( O +m O +) O +by O +reducing O +n O +. O +This O +effect O +appeared O +to O +be O +dependent O +upon O +the O +free O +intracellular O +Ca2 O ++ O +. O + +aps B-category +Alpha O +adrenoceptors O +in O +rat O +brain O +: O +direct O +identification O +with O +prazosin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +sites O +were O +compared O +with O +alpha O +2 O +adrenoceptors O +labeled O +with O +tritiated O +clonidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +density O +of O +the O +sites O +was O +300 O +fmoles O +per O +mg O +of O +protein O +; O +the O +half O +time O +of O +dissociation O +of O +prazosin B-Chemical +was O +7 O +min O +at O +30 O +degrees O +C O +. O +The O +order O +or O +potencies O +of O +agonists O +, O +determined O +from O +binding O +- O +inhibition O +experiments O +with O +labeled O +prazosin B-Chemical +, O +was O +: O +naphazoline B-Chemical +greater O +than O +clonidine B-Chemical +greater O +than O +adrenaline B-Chemical +greater O +than O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +greater O +than O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +greater O +than O +alpha O +- O +methylnoradrenaline O +greater O +than O +dopamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +ions O +and O +divalent O +cations O +as O +well O +as O +guanyl O +nucleotides O +have O +little O +or O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +binding O +of O +the O +labeled O +antagonist O +. O + +aps B-category +Labeled O +prazosin B-Chemical +may O +be O +a O +useful O +tool O +to O +characterize O +alpha O +1 O +adrenoceptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Dopaminergic O +antagonism O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +myoclonic O +jumping O +behavior O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +these O +agents O +had O +a O +significant O +antagonistic O +effect O +on O +the O +frequency O +of O +this O +serotonin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +mediated I-Chemical +behavior O +. O + +aps B-category +Controlled O +intravenous O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +and O +fetal O +- O +maternal O +acid O +- O +base O +balance O +. O + +aps B-category +Highly O +significant O +changes O +in O +pH O +, O +base O +excess O +( O +BE O +) O +, O +and O +plasma O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +were O +observed O +in O +both O +the O +mothers O +and O +fetuses O +. O + +aps B-category +Model O +experiments O +on O +nitrite B-Chemical +and O +nitrate B-Chemical +in O +simulated O +primeval O +conditions O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +comparative O +study O +of O +the O +effects O +of O +varying O +levels O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +on O +some O +of O +the O +metabolic O +functions O +of O +the O +primitive O +eukaryote O +, O +Saccharomyces O +cerevisiae O +, O +has O +shown O +that O +these O +cells O +are O +responsive O +to O +very O +low O +levels O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +: O +the O +level O +of O +palmitoyl O +- O +Co O +A O +desaturase O +was O +greatly O +enhanced O +by O +only O +0 O +. O +03 O +% O +( O +v O +/ O +v O +) O +oxygen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Closely O +following O +this O +latter O +pattern O +were O +three O +mitochondrial O +enzymes O +that O +attained O +maximal O +activity O +only O +under O +atmospheric O +levels O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +chronic O +reserpine B-Chemical +administration O +on O +K O ++ O +and O +amylase O +release O +from O +the O +rat O +parotid O +gland O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibition O +of O +amylase O +release O +observed O +after O +treatment O +with O +reserpine B-Chemical +most O +likely O +results O +from O +a O +deficient O +level O +or O +utilization O +of O +the O +energy O +or O +nucleotide B-Chemical +sources O +required O +for O +enzyme O +secretion O +, O +because O +a O +similar O +inhibition O +was O +observed O +in O +control O +slices O +after O +incubation O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +the O +purines O +inosine O +and O +adenine O +. O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +inhibits O +urinary O +acidification O +: O +effect O +of O +the O +ionophore O +A23187 O +on O +the O +turtle O +bladder O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +acidification O +was O +significantly O +inhibited O +in O +the O +hemibladders O +treated O +with O +the O +ionophore O +as O +compared O +to O +control O +hemibladders O +treated O +with O +dimethylsulfoxide O +( O +the O +vehicle O +used O +to O +dissolve O +the O +ionophore O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +the O +ionophore O +and O +calcium B-Chemical +, O +the O +proton O +motive O +force O +and O +the O +conductance O +were O +significantly O +decreased O +when O +the O +H O ++ O +current O +was O +low O +( O +less O +than O +30 O +% O +of O +control O +values O +) O +; O +when O +the O +H O ++ O +current O +was O +decreased O +, O +but O +not O +less O +than O +30 O +% O +, O +the O +proton O +motive O +force O +was O +unchanged O +. O + +aps B-category +Screening O +methods O +for O +haemoglobins O +with O +high O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +a O +conformational O +change O +is O +observed O +in O +the O +T O +- O +and O +D O +- O +loop O +of O +this O +tRNA O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +added O +Mg2 O ++ O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +hours O +of O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +anesthesia O +resulted O +in O +marked O +elevation O +of O +serotonin B-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +) O +level O +and O +decreased O +accumulation O +of O +5 O +- O +hydroxyindolacetic O +acid O +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HIAA I-Chemical +) O +after O +probenecid O +, O +in O +specific O +parts O +of O +rat O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +Concomitantly O +, O +the O +decrease O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HIAA I-Chemical +level O +and O +its O +accumulation O +after O +transport O +inhibition O +occured O +. O + +aps B-category +Hypoxia O +- O +induced O +decrease O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HIAA I-Chemical +level O +was O +prevented O +by O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +pretreatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Tienilic O +acid O +has O +blood O +pressure O +lowering O +properties O +alone O +and O +in O +combined O +treatment O +with O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blocking O +agents O +; O +250 O +mg O +of O +tienilic O +acid O +seems O +to O +correspond O +to O +50 O +mg O +of O +hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +During O +short O +- O +term O +treatment O +, O +no O +impairment O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +tolerance O +was O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +glycoprotein O +nature O +of O +Syrian O +hamster O +interferon B-Chemical +was O +tested O +on O +several O +immobilized O +lectins O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +apparent O +hydrophobicity O +of O +Syrian O +hamster O +interferon B-Chemical +was O +probed O +by O +its O +chromatography O +on O +: O +( O +a O +) O +straight O +chain O +hydrocarbons O +of O +varied O +length O +; O +( O +b O +) O +aromatic O +ligands O +( O +aminobenzene O +, O +benzylamine O +, O +beta O +- O +phenylethylamine O +, O +gamma O +- O +phenyl O +- O +propylamine O +) O +; O +ligands O +listed O +in O +( O +a O +) O +and O +( O +b O +) O +were O +immobilized O +to O +cyanogen O +bromide B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +activated I-Chemical +agarose O +( O +isourea O +linkage O +) O +; O +and O +( O +c O +) O +phenyl O +- O +agarose O +( O +Phenyl O +- O +Sepharose O +CL O +- O +4B O +) O +, O +an O +aromatic O +ligand O +immobilized O +via O +a O +2 O +- O +hydroxypropyl O +arm O +to O +the O +agarose O +( O +ether B-Chemical +linkage O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Optimal O +separation O +was O +achieved O +in O +ethanol B-Chemical +95 O +% O +- O +1 O +M O +ammonium B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +( O +pH O +3 O +. O +8 O +) O +( O +7 O +: O +3 O +, O +v O +/ O +v O +) O +at O +30 O +degrees O +C O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rate O +of O +transfer O +of O +[ O +32P O +] O +phosphate B-Chemical +from O +[ O +32P O +] O +- O +labeled O +phosphoglucomutase O +( O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +, O +6 O +- O +bisphosphate O +: O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +phosphotransferase O +, O +EC O +2 O +. O +7 O +. O +5 O +. O +1 O +) O +to O +glucose B-Chemical +increases O +dramatically O +between O +pH O +8 O +. O +5 O +and O +10 O +. O +5 O +with O +a O +half O +maximal O +rate O +at O +pH O +9 O +. O +8 O +. O + +aps B-category +Hydrophilic O +region O +of O +lecithin O +membranes O +studied O +by O +bromothymol O +blue O +and O +effects O +of O +an O +inhalation O +anesthetic O +, O +enflurane B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +From O +the O +differences O +between O +the O +obtained O +effective O +potentials O +and O +the O +calculated O +surface O +potentials O +of O +the O +charge O +- O +determining O +plane O +of O +the O +choline B-Chemical +head O +, O +the O +distances O +between O +the O +prototropic O +part O +of O +the O +dye O +and O +the O +choline B-Chemical +charge O +- O +determining O +plane O +were O +estimated O +to O +be O +10 O +. O +5 O +, O +8 O +. O +0 O +, O +and O +7 O +. O +8 O +A O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +increase O +of O +precessional O +motion O +of O +choline B-Chemical +head O +by O +the O +inhalation O +anesthetic O +is O +apparently O +responsible O +for O +the O +changes O +. O + +aps B-category +Bovine O +erythrocyte O +superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +( O +Cu O +( O +2 O +) O +Zn O +( O +2 O +) O +SODase O +; O +superoxide B-Chemical +: O +superoxide B-Chemical +oxidoreductase O +, O +EC O +1 O +. O +15 O +. O +1 O +. O +1 O +) O +consists O +of O +two O +identical O +subunits O +each O +containing O +Cu O +( O +2 O ++ O +) O +and O +Zn O +( O +2 O ++ O +) O +in O +close O +proximity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ESR O +spectrum O +of O +the O +zinc B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +free I-Chemical +protein O +at O +77 O +K O +is O +markedly O +pH O +dependent O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +of O +the O +above O +- O +mentioned O +spectroscopic O +changes O +induced O +by O +additions O +of O +NaOH B-Chemical +are O +reversed O +when O +the O +pH O +is O +decreased O +with O +HNO O +( O +3 O +) O +, O +although O +the O +approach O +to O +equilibrium O +is O +slow O +in O +the O +latter O +case O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +native O +protein O +, O +Cu O +( O +2 O +) O +Zn O +( O +2 O +) O +SODase O +, O +and O +the O +four B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +copper I-Chemical +protein O +, O +Cu O +( O +2 O +) O +Cu O +( O +2 O +) O +SODase O +, O +show O +no O +variation O +in O +visible O +or O +ESR O +spectral O +properties O +in O +this O +pH O +range O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +basis O +of O +isotope O +incorporation O +experiments O +, O +spectroscopy O +, O +and O +chemical O +degradations O +, O +the O +SRS O +was O +identified O +as O +a O +cysteine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +containing I-Chemical +derivative O +of O +5 O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +7 O +, O +9 O +, O +11 O +, O +14 O +- O +icosatetraenoic O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +Briefly O +, O +murine O +mastocytoma O +cells O +treated O +with O +calcium B-Chemical +ionophore O +produced O +a O +SRS O +that O +caused O +guinea O +pig O +ileum O +to O +contract O +. O + +aps B-category +Hydroperoxides O +can O +modulate O +the O +redox O +state O +of O +pyridine O +nucleotides O +and O +the O +calcium B-Chemical +balance O +in O +rat O +liver O +mitochondria O +. O + +aps B-category +Analysis O +of O +the O +temperature O +dependence O +of O +energy O +- O +linked O +Ca O +( O +2 O ++ O +) O +uptake O +by O +means O +of O +Arrhenius O +plots O +reveals O +two O +breaks O +( O +at O +around O +11 O +degrees O +C O +and O +24 O +degrees O +C O +) O +in O +mitochondria O +isolated O +from O +selenium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +supplemented I-Chemical +animals O +, O +whereas O +in O +selenium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deficient I-Chemical +rats O +the O +break O +at O +11 O +degrees O +C O +is O +absent O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +in O +selenium B-Chemical +deficiency O +, O +t O +- O +butyl O +hydroperoxide O +and O +H O +( O +2 O +) O +O O +( O +2 O +) O +induce O +neither O +a O +release O +of O +Ca O +( O +2 O ++ O +) O +nor O +an O +oxidation O +of O +NAD O +( O +P O +) O +H O +. O +The O +peroxide B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +oxidation O +of O +NAD O +( O +P O +) O +H O +is O +reversible O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +succinate O +when O +no O +Ca O +( O +2 O ++ O +) O +has O +been O +taken O +up O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +proposed O +that O +the O +redox O +state O +of O +mitochondrial O +pyridine O +nucleotides O +can O +be O +or O +is O +in O +part O +controlled O +by O +glutathione B-Chemical +peroxidase O +and O +glutathione B-Chemical +reductase O +and O +is O +a O +factor O +in O +the O +balance O +of O +Ca O +( O +2 O ++ O +) O +between O +mitochondria O +and O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +observation O +, O +together O +with O +our O +previous O +finding O +that O +mutant O +strains O +defective O +in O +acyl O +- O +CoA O +synthetase O +I O +cannot O +incorporate O +exogenous O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +into O +cellular O +lipids O +but O +are O +able O +to O +degrade O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +via O +beta O +- O +oxidation O +, O +indicates O +the O +presence O +of O +two O +functionally O +distinct O +long O +- O +chain O +acyl O +- O +CoA O +pools O +in O +the O +cell O +- O +- O +i O +. O +e O +. O +, O +one O +for O +lipid O +synthesis O +and O +the O +other O +for O +beta O +- O +oxidation O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +new O +glnA O +- O +linked O +regulatory O +gene O +for O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +in O +Escherichia O +coli O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +other O +class O +produces O +a O +low O +level O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +under O +all O +growth O +conditions O +and O +is O +uncoupled O +from O +the O +regulatory O +effects O +of O +mutations O +in O +the O +glnF O +and O +glnD O +genes O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +analysis O +of O +the O +evidence O +accumulated O +to O +date O +makes O +it O +unlikely O +that O +glnG O +is O +the O +only O +gene O +in O +the O +glnA O +region O +involved O +in O +the O +complex O +system O +of O +nitrogen B-Chemical +regulation O +. O + +aps B-category +Strains O +with O +mutations O +to O +loss O +of O +function O +of O +the O +glnR O +product O +[ O +e O +. O +g O +. O +, O +a O +strain O +with O +a O +Tn10 O +insertion O +or O +one O +with O +an O +ICR O +- O +induced O +( O +frameshift O +) O +mutation O +in O +glnR O +] O +have O +about O +3 O +% O +as O +much O +Gln O +synthetase O +as O +a O +fully O +derepressed O +wild O +- O +type O +strain O +and O +are O +unable O +to O +increase O +synthesis O +of O +this O +enzyme O +or O +periplasmic O +transport O +proteins O +in O +response O +to O +nitrogen B-Chemical +limitation O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +the O +properties O +of O +Gln O +synthetase O +from O +the O +insertion O +mutant O +, O +most O +importantly O +the O +carboxyl O +- O +terminal O +sequence O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +are O +the O +same O +as O +those O +of O +synthetase O +from O +wild O +type O +, O +the O +Tn10 O +insertion O +cannot O +be O +in O +glnA O +( O +if O +it O +were O +, O +the O +carboxyl O +terminus O +of O +Gln O +synthetase O +would O +have O +to O +be O +altered O +) O +; O +therefore O +we O +conclude O +that O +the O +Tn10 O +insertion O +is O +in O +a O +regulatory O +gene O +, O +glnR O +, O +which O +is O +distinct O +from O +glnA O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +presence O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +in O +single O +cells O +was O +confirmed O +by O +microspectrofluorimetry O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cholinergic O +and O +adrenergic O +enzyme O +activities O +are O +influenced O +by O +cell O +density O +, O +by O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +, O +and O +by O +conditioned O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +molecules O +of O +the O +phencyclidine B-Chemical +series O +and O +ketamine B-Chemical +are O +able O +to O +bind O +to O +the O +phencyclidine B-Chemical +receptor O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +define O +the O +fate O +of O +embryonic O +neuroblasts O +in O +rat O +gut O +, O +which O +transiently O +express O +several O +noradrenergic O +traits O +, O +we O +investigated O +the O +high O +- O +affinity O +uptake O +of O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +uptake O +, O +which O +was O +also O +apparent O +at O +12 O +. O +5 O +days O +, O +persisted O +at O +least O +through O +17 O +. O +5 O +days O +. 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O +It O +was O +inhibited O +by O +any O +salt B-Chemical +of O +buffer O +concentration O +above O +the O +level O +of O +zero O +ionic O +strength O +and O +showed O +a O +special O +sensitivity O +towards O +phosphate B-Chemical +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +transferases O +A O +and O +B O +were O +estimated O +to O +have O +molecular O +weights O +of O +151 O +000 O +in O +the O +absence O +and O +40 O +000 O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +solubilized O +monoacylglycerol O +hydrolase O +from O +platelets O +was O +optimally O +active O +at O +pH O +between O +7 O +and O +8 O +and O +at O +ionic O +strength O +corresponding O +to O +[ O +NaCl B-Chemical +] O +between O +0 O +. O +1 O +and O +0 O +. O +3 O +M O +. O +The O +optimal O +assay O +temperature O +was O +37 O +degrees O +C O +. O +The O +enzyme O +activity O +was O +sensitive O +to O +HgCl2 O +but O +not O +to O +NaF O +. O + +aps B-category +CDPdiacylglycerol O +: O +inositol B-Chemical +transferase O +activity O +in O +rabbit O +lung O +tissue O +has O +been O +characterized O +and O +the O +optimum O +conditions O +for O +assaying O +this O +enzyme O +in O +vitro O +were O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reversibility O +of O +the O +reaction O +catalyzed O +by O +CDPdiacylglycerol O +: O +inositol B-Chemical +transferase O +in O +microsomes O +prepared O +from O +rabbit O +lung O +tissue O +was O +demonstrated O +by O +the O +synthesis O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +CMPdiacylglycerol O +when O +[ O +3H O +] O +CMP O +and O +phosphatidylinositol O +were O +present O +in O +the O +incubation O +mixture O +. O + +aps B-category +Distinct O +effects O +of O +three O +bile O +salts O +on O +cholesterol B-Chemical +solubilization O +by O +oleate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +monoolein I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bile I-Chemical +salt I-Chemical +micelles O +. O + +aps B-category +Whatever O +the O +bile B-Chemical +salt I-Chemical +/ O +oleyl O +compounds O +ratio O +, O +taurochenodeoxycholate O +solubilizes O +more O +cholesterol B-Chemical +than O +taurocholate O +and O +much O +more O +than O +tauroursodeoxycholate O +. O + +aps B-category +Cholesterol B-Chemical +solubility O +falls O +in O +oleate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bile I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +mixtures O +as O +the O +pH O +is O +raised O +. O + +aps B-category +Stoichiometry O +of O +the O +reaction O +of O +oxyhemoglobin O +with O +nitrite B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +NO2 O +- O +binds O +with O +methemoglobin O +noncooperatively O +with O +a O +binding O +constant O +of O +340 O +M O +- O +1 O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +4 O +and O +25 O +degrees O +C O +. O +Thus O +, O +the O +major O +part O +of O +Hb O ++ O +produced O +is O +aquomethemoglobin O +, O +not O +methemoglobin O +nitrite B-Chemical +, O +when O +less O +than O +2 O +equivalents O +of O +nitrite B-Chemical +is O +used O +for O +the O +oxidation O +. O + +aps B-category +Autooxidation O +of O +carp O +hemoglobin O +has O +been O +measured O +from O +4 O +- O +- O +25 O +degrees O +C O +with O +and O +without O +P6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +inositol I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +acidic O +media O +with O +P6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +inositol I-Chemical +, O +the O +autooxidation O +is O +initially O +rapid O +which O +becomes O +slower O +subsequently O +but O +eventually O +proceeds O +very O +fast O +. O + +aps B-category +Rat O +liver O +mitochondria O +and O +rat O +liver O +mitoplasts O +mobilize O +iron B-Chemical +from O +ferritin O +by O +a O +mechanism O +which O +depends O +on O +a O +respiratory O +substrate O +( O +preferentially O +succinate O +) O +, O +a O +small O +molecular O +weight O +electron O +mediator O +( O +FMN O +, O +phenazine O +methosulphate O +or O +methylene O +blue O +) O +and O +( O +near O +) O +anaerobic O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +suggest O +that O +ferritin O +might O +function O +as O +an O +intermediate O +in O +the O +cytosolic O +transport O +of O +iron B-Chemical +to O +the O +mitochondria O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Comparative O +study O +of O +effects O +of O +the O +tyrosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +copper I-Chemical +( O +II O +) O +complex O +on O +xenobiotic O +hydroxylation O +and O +lipid O +peroxidation O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibition O +of O +the O +above O +- O +mentioned O +reactions O +with O +Tyr2 O +- O +Cu2 O ++ O +is O +less O +pronounced O +or O +absent O +, O +if O +cumole O +hydroperoxide O +is O +used O +as O +cosubstrate O +instead O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +molecular O +weight O +of O +the O +enzyme O +equal O +to O +45000 O +was O +determined O +by O +disc O +electrophoresis O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +temperature O +- O +sensitive O +, O +sodium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +, O +saturable O +, O +and O +is O +inhibited O +by O +metabolic O +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +general O +, O +irrespective O +of O +pharmacologic O +class O +, O +the O +tertiary O +amines B-Chemical +were O +more O +potent O +than O +the O +secondary O +or O +primary O +amines B-Chemical +, O +although O +there O +were O +some O +exceptions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +gradual O +reduction O +of O +hypnotics O +was O +accompanied O +by O +a O +shift O +of O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +dosage O +to O +the O +evening O +and O +bedtime O +, O +with O +reduction O +of O +the O +morning O +and O +midday O +dose O +, O +without O +change O +of O +the O +total O +daily O +dose O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +thickness O +of O +the O +thoracic O +aorta O +of O +man O +and O +dog O +exceeds O +the O +effective O +diffusion O +distance O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +, O +but O +nutrition O +is O +supplemented O +by O +vasa O +vasorum O +which O +enter O +into O +the O +outer O +layers O +of O +the O +media O +. O + +aps B-category +Dopamine B-Chemical +and O +its O +metabolites O +homovanillic O +acid O +and O +dihydroxyphenylacetic O +acid O +, O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +, O +serotonin B-Chemical +and O +its O +metabolite O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +and O +tryptophan B-Chemical +and O +its O +metabolite O +kynurenine B-Chemical +have O +been O +assayed O +in O +9 O +schizophrenic O +and O +10 O +control O +brains O +, O +together O +with O +the O +monoamine O +- O +related O +enzymes O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +monoamine O +oxidase O +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxylase I-Chemical +, O +and O +catechol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +o I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +transferase I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +findings O +are O +not O +consistent O +with O +theories O +that O +serotonin B-Chemical +or O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +stores O +are O +grossly O +depleted O +or O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +neurones O +have O +degenerated O +, O +or O +that O +monoamine O +oxidase O +activity O +is O +abnormal O +, O +in O +schizophrenia O +, O +and O +provide O +no O +direct O +support O +for O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +dopamine B-Chemical +neurones O +are O +overactive O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +isolated O +synaptic O +vesicles O +were O +solubilized O +with O +1 O +% O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +and O +subjected O +to O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +vivo O +receptor O +occupation O +by O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +and O +correlation O +with O +the O +pharmacological O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +study O +, O +using O +a O +highly O +radiolabelled O +[ O +3H O +] O +- B-Chemical +flunitrazepam I-Chemical +, O +we O +investigated O +the O +binding O +of O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +to O +their O +receptor O +sites O +under O +in O +vivo O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +accumulation O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +20 O +min O +after O +injection O +was O +found O +to O +be O +highest O +in O +the O +hippocampus O +, O +cortex O +, O +hypothalamus O +; O +to O +be O +intermediate O +in O +the O +striatum O +, O +medulla O +oblongata O +/ O +pons O +and O +midbrain O +and O +to O +be O +lowest O +in O +the O +cerebellum O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +increasing O +doses O +( O +0 O +. O +01 O +- O +- O +10 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +of O +non O +- O +labelled O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +derivatives O +( O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +, O +clonazepam B-Chemical +, O +the O +3S O +and O +3R O +enantiomers O +of O +5 O +- O +( O +o O +- O +fluorophenyl O +) O +- O +1 O +, O +3 O +- O +dihyrdo O +- O +1 O +, O +3 O +- O +dimethyl O +- O +7 O +- O +nitro O +- O +2H O +- O +1 O +, O +4 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +benzodiazepine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +one I-Chemical +, O +and O +chlordiazepoxide O +) O +were O +injected O +simultaneously O +with O +[ O +3H O +] O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +, O +a O +dose O +- O +dependant O +, O +saturable O +and O +and O +stereo O +- O +specific O +decrease O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +concentration O +in O +the O +mouse O +hippocampus O +was O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +resolution O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +beta O +1 O +- O +and O +beta O +2 O +- O +adrenergic O +- O +sensitive O +adenylate O +cyclase O +activities O +in O +homogenates O +of O +cat O +cerebellum O +, O +hippocampus O +and O +cerebral O +cortex O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stimulation O +of O +adenylate O +cyclase O +by O +the O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +agonist O +, O +( O +- O +) O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +( O +5 O +X O +10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +M O +) O +, O +was O +completely O +blocked O +by O +the O +specific O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +antagonist O +, O +( O +p O +) O +alprenolol O +( O +1 O +- O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +, O +but O +not O +by O +the O +dopaminergic O +antagonist O +, O +fluphenazine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +, O +whereas O +the O +stimulation O +of O +adenylate O +cyclase O +by O +( O +- O +) O +epinephrine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +) O +was O +blocked O +to O +varying O +extents O +by O +these O +two O +drugs O +in O +each O +of O +the O +3 O +regions O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +adenylate O +cyclase O +stimulation O +by O +( O +p O +) O +epinephrine B-Chemical +which O +is O +not O +blocked O +by O +( O +p O +) O +alprenolol O +was O +due O +to O +interaction O +of O +( O +p O +) O +epinephrine B-Chemical +with O +a O +dopaminergic O +- O +sensitive O +adenylate O +cyclase O +which O +has O +been O +characterized O +in O +cerebral O +cortex O +, O +hippocampus O +and O +cerebellum O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +cerebellum O +the O +potency O +order O +was O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +protokylol O +greater O +than O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +hydroxybenzylisoproterenol O +greater O +than O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +greater O +than O +( O +- O +) O +epinephrine B-Chemical +greater O +than O +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +salbutamol B-Chemical +greater O +than O +( O +- O +) O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +, O +indicating O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +beta O +2 O +- O +adrenergic O +receptor O +. O + +aps B-category +( O ++ O +/ O +- O +) O +Salbutamol B-Chemical +was O +a O +partial O +agonist O +in O +the O +cerebellum O +and O +a O +competitive O +antagonist O +in O +the O +cerebral O +cortex O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +gonadectomy O +and O +thyroidectomy O +on O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +in O +discrete O +areas O +of O +the O +rat O +median O +eminence O +. O + +aps B-category +Guanylate O +cyclase O +was O +strikingly O +activated O +by O +CA2 O ++ O +, O +nitrate B-Chemical +derivatives O +such O +as O +sodium B-Chemical +nitroprusside I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Recent O +reports O +have O +favored O +enflurane B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Phentolamine B-Chemical +or O +sodium B-Chemical +nitroprusside I-Chemical +are O +used O +for O +hypertension O +during O +operation O +. O + +aps B-category +Control O +of O +protein O +and O +energy O +intake O +: O +role O +of O +plasma O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +and O +brain O +neurotransmitters O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +other O +transmitter O +was O +found O +to O +be O +directly O +excitatory O +on O +the O +muscle O +fibers O +, O +although O +there O +are O +inhibitory O +receptors O +for O +serotonin B-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +on O +the O +stimulation O +- O +induced O +efflux O +of O +tritium O +in O +cattle O +renal O +arteries O +preincubated O +with O +[ O +3H O +] O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +was O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +a O +negative O +feedback O +system O +, O +modulating O +neurotransmitter O +release O +, O +and O +increasingly O +activated O +by O +endogenously O +released O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +as O +the O +frequency O +of O +stimulation O +rises O +, O +cannot O +account O +for O +the O +pattern O +of O +efflux O +inhibition O +induced O +by O +exogenous O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +vesicles O +react O +positively O +to O +chromaffin O +and O +argentaffin O +treatment O +, O +indicating O +that O +they O +are O +possible O +storage O +sites O +for O +amines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Human O +leukocyte O +interferon B-Chemical +( O +HL O +- O +IF O +) O +binds O +to O +AGPOLY O +( O +A O +) O +TM O +, O +AGPOLY O +( O +U O +) O +TM O +and O +AGPOLY O +( O +I O +) O +TM O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +The O +place O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +H2 O +receptor O +antagonists O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +diseases O +of O +the O +gastrointestinal O +tract O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Nortriptyline O +derivatives O +prepared O +by O +reaction O +with O +fluorescein B-Chemical +isothiocyanate O +or O +conjugation O +to O +N O +- O +acetyl O +- O +L O +- O +histidine O +were O +radioiodinated O +and O +the O +products O +purified O +with O +Sephadex O +LH O +- O +20 O +columns O +to O +obtain O +two O +novel O +nortriptyline B-Chemical +radioligands O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +use O +of O +the O +iodinated O +fluorescein B-Chemical +derivative O +we O +developed O +a O +liquid O +- O +phase O +second O +- O +antibody O +radioimmunoassay O +that O +gives O +results O +correlating O +closely O +( O +r O += O +0 O +. O +98 O +) O +with O +those O +by O +an O +established O +radioimmunoassay O +of O +similar O +specificity O +in O +the O +assay O +of O +apparent O +total O +amitriptyline B-Chemical +and O +its O +metabolite O +nortriptyline B-Chemical +in O +serum O +or O +plasma O +from O +patients O +being O +treated O +with O +these O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dye O +thiazolyl O +blue O +tetrazolium O +bromide B-Chemical +is O +reduced O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +NADH O +and O +diaphorase O +to O +yield O +a O +colored O +formazan O +, O +which O +as O +maximum O +absorbance O +at O +560 O +nm O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +number O +of O +divalent O +metal O +ions O +including O +manganese O +and O +magnesium B-Chemical +stimulated O +the O +reaction O +only O +slightly O +at O +5 O +mmol O +/ O +l O +but O +inhibited O +strongly O +at O +20 O +mmol O +/ O +l O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +highter O +substrate O +concentrations O +however O +, O +sodium B-Chemical +cholate B-Chemical +produced O +the O +greatest O +stimulation O +of O +enzyme O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Enzymatic O +microdetermination O +of O +plasma O +lipoprotein O +cholesterol B-Chemical +without O +ultracentrifugation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +kinetic O +properties O +and O +linear O +range O +of O +this O +reaction O +system O +, O +the O +precision O +( O +coefficient O +of O +variation O +1 O +- O +- O +3 O +% O +) O +and O +the O +recovery O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +( O +100 O +% O +) O +were O +found O +to O +be O +optimal O +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +is O +presented O +that O +sodium B-Chemical +acid O +urate B-Chemical +exists O +in O +aqueous O +solution O +in O +a O +non O +- O +colloidal O +state O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +pH O +on O +the O +formation O +product O +of O +ammonium B-Chemical +acid O +urate B-Chemical +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +Glycosaminoglycans O +as O +inhibitors O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +oxalate O +crystal O +growth O +and O +aggregation O +. O + +aps B-category +Application O +of O +the O +score O +to O +159 O +infants O +with O +RDS O +during O +the O +following O +year O +showed O +that O +: O +( O +1 O +) O +73 O +per O +cent O +of O +infants O +scoring O +less O +than O +or O +equal O +to O +3 O +received O +only O +oxygen B-Chemical +by O +hood O +; O +( O +2 O +) O +75 O +per O +cent O +of O +infants O +scoring O +4 O +- O +- O +5 O +required O +continuous O +positive O +airway O +pressure O +( O +CPAP O +) O +; O +and O +( O +3 O +) O +87 O +per O +cent O +of O +infants O +scoring O +greater O +than O +or O +equal O +to O +6 O +needed O +mechanical O +ventilation O +( O +7V O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +example O +, O +cigarette O +smoking B-Chemical +may O +increase O +the O +clearance O +of O +certain O +xenobiotic O +compounds O +by O +stimulating O +pulmonary O +drug O +metabolising O +enzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +Catecholamines O +activated O +adenylate O +cyclase O +2 O +. O +5 O +- O +to O +three O +- O +fold O +, O +with O +an O +order O +of O +potency O +( O +protokylol O +greater O +than O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +greater O +than O +adrenaline B-Chemical +greater O +than O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +) O +typical O +of O +a O +beta O +2 O +- O +adrenoreceptor O +. O + +aps B-category +Adenosine B-Chemical +provoked O +a O +weak O +inhibition O +at O +0 O +. O +1 O +mmol O +/ O +l O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +systems O +responded O +to O +catecholamines B-Chemical +via O +a O +beta O +2 O +- O +adrenoreceptor O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mixture O +of O +renin O +in O +the O +granules O +with O +fraction O +A O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +tetrathionate O +resulted O +in O +the O +formation O +of O +a O +higher O +- O +molecular O +- O +weight O +form O +of O +the O +enzyme O +, O +but O +no O +change O +in O +molecular O +weight O +was O +detected O +when O +renin O +was O +mixed O +with O +fractions O +B O +or O +C O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +tetrathionate O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +fluoxetine B-Chemical +and O +imipramine B-Chemical +on O +male O +Schistosoma O +mansoni O +. O + +aps B-category +Putative O +neurotransmitters O +in O +the O +annelid O +central O +nervous O +system O +: O +presence O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +and O +octopamine O +- O +stimulated O +adenylate O +cyclases O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +new O +highly O +sensitive O +assay O +method O +for O +malonyl O +CoA O +was O +developed O +which O +uses O +tritiated O +NADPH B-Chemical +and O +measures O +the O +incorporation O +of O +radioactivity O +into O +the O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +formed O +from O +malonyl O +CoA O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +purified O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthetase O +. O + +aps B-category +Chick O +liver O +cell O +monolayers O +synthesize O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +at O +in O +vivo O +rates O +and O +are O +responsive O +to O +insulin O +and O +glucagon O +. O + +aps B-category +Glucagon O +or O +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +cyclic O +AMP O +cause O +immediate O +cessation O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Citrate B-Chemical +, O +an O +allosteric O +activator O +of O +the O +enzyme O +, O +is O +required O +for O +both O +catalysis O +and O +polymerization O +. 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O + +aps B-category +An O +increase O +of O +creatinine B-Chemical +and O +urea B-Chemical +in O +the O +serum O +could O +not O +be O +established O +during O +the O +retention O +phase O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +order O +to O +explain O +the O +effectiveness O +of O +the O +relatively O +lipophilic O +gyromitrin O +, O +the O +non O +- O +effectiveness O +of O +the O +more O +hydrophilic O +hydrazine O +MFH O +and O +the O +blockade O +of O +the O +gyromitrin O +effect O +by O +pyridoxine B-Chemical +, O +a O +mechanism O +involving O +the O +central O +nervous O +system O +is O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +35 O +- O +50 O +% O +of O +the O +label O +accumulated O +after O +incubation O +of O +cultured O +Sertoli O +cells O +with O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +testosterone I-Chemical +was O +readily O +extractable O +with O +0 O +. O +4 O +M O +KCl O +during O +a O +1 O +h O +exposure O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relative O +distribution O +of O +these O +metabolites O +between O +salt B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +and O +readily O +extractable O +forms O +varied O +between O +experiments O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +conclusion O +, O +although O +the O +quantitative O +aspects O +of O +salt B-Chemical +extractability O +appear O +to O +depend O +to O +some O +extent O +upon O +the O +extraction O +conditions O +, O +it O +is O +apparent O +that O +the O +Sertoli O +cell O +nuclear O +fraction O +accumulates O +a O +significant O +amount O +of O +androgen B-Chemical +in O +a O +form O +which O +is O +relatively O +resistant O +to O +removal O +with O +0 O +. O +4 O +M O +KCl O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Norepinephrine B-Chemical +GABA B-Chemical +, O +cystein O +and O +SH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutathione I-Chemical +evoke O +a O +considerable O +decrease O +in O +the O +activity O +of O +alkaline O +RNase O +in O +the O +postmitochondrial O +fraction O +of O +the O +rat O +brain O +homogenate O +where O +the O +complex O +of O +this O +enzyme O +with O +its O +natural O +cytoplasmic O +protein O +inhibitor O +is O +preliminarily O +disturbed O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +pCMB O +. O + +aps B-category +Epithelial O +cell O +loss O +was O +induced O +in O +the O +descending O +colon O +of O +the O +rat O +by O +temporary O +ischaemia O +to O +investigate O +whether O +this O +would O +lead B-Chemical +to O +an O +increase O +in O +crypt O +cell O +proliferation O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Retinol O +( O +Vitamin B-Chemical +A I-Chemical +) O +has O +been O +found O +to O +inhibit O +the O +stimulation O +of O +lymphocytes O +by O +certain O +mitogens O +. O + +aps B-category +Cardiac O +and O +skeletal O +muscle O +fibers O +from O +newborn O +rats O +maintained O +in O +an O +oxygen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +free I-Chemical +medium O +show O +mitochondrial O +swelling O +but O +no O +intermembrane O +inclusions O +. O + +aps B-category +Content O +of O +protein O +as O +well O +as O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +c I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +reductase I-Chemical +and O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphatase I-Chemical +activities O +were O +increased O +after O +intraperitoneal O +administration O +of O +all O +the O +preparations O +at O +a O +dose O +100 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +within O +4 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +product O +of O +degradation O +of O +LDL O +possessing O +a O +sedimentation O +coefficient O +of O +4 O +. O +5 O +S O +/ O +in O +0 O +, O +04 O +M O +KBr O +; O +0 O +, O +042 O +M O +NaCl B-Chemical +, O +2 O +mM O +EDTA O +, O +6 O +mM O +Tris O +, O +pH O +7 O +. O +3 O +/ O +contained O +apparently O +the O +minimal O +amount O +of O +proteins O +, O +which O +could O +still O +maintain O +the O +stability O +of O +partially O +hydrolysed O +LDL O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +intraperitoneal O +injection O +of O +rats O +with O +the O +new O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +( O +compound O +I O +) O +, O +four O +metabolites O +( O +compounds O +II O +, O +III O +, O +IV O +and O +V O +) O +were O +found O +in O +the O +urine O +. O + +aps B-category +Hydroxy O +- O +mesocarb O +( O +II O +) O +, O +dihydroxy O +- O +mesocarb O +( O +III O +) O +, O +amphetamine B-Chemical +( O +VII O +) O +and O +the O +conjugates O +of O +II O +and O +III O +account O +for O +86 O +% O +of O +the O +urinary O +radioactivity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +soluble O +phenol B-Chemical +oxidase O +of O +various O +potato O +juices O +( O +adjusted O +from O +physiological O +pH O +to O +pH O +4 O +. O +5 O +, O +7 O +. O +0 O +and O +7 O +. O +8 O +) O +was O +separated O +by O +gel O +chromatography O +into O +multiple O +molecular O +forms O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +parallel O +study O +the O +pH O +- O +decrease O +at O +different O +sucrose B-Chemical +concentrations O +was O +measured O +in O +vitro O +using O +a O +plaque O +model O +system O +which O +involved O +s O +. O +mutans O +( O +strain O +OMZ O +176 O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +decreased O +energization O +induced O +by O +p O +- O +CoA O +is O +related O +to O +an O +increase O +in O +the O +inner O +mitochondrial O +membrane O +permeability O +b O +- O +H O ++ O +as O +a O +result O +of O +the O +inhibitor O +bindings O +with O +adenine O +nucleotide B-Chemical +translocase O +. O + +aps B-category +1 O +The O +effect O +of O +various O +antidepressants B-Chemical +( O +5 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +8 O +) O +to O +2 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +on O +the O +resting O +overflow O +of O +tritium O +, O +on O +the O +evoked O +overflow O +and O +the O +contractile O +response O +to O +electrical O +stimulation O +( O +2 O +. O +5 O +Hz O +, O +2 O +. O +0 O +ms O +) O +has O +been O +determined O +in O +mouse O +vas O +deferens O +previously O +incubated O +with O +[ O +( O +3 O +) O +H O +] O +- O +( O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +noradrenaline I-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +macrocarpa O +and O +a O +glycophyte O +: O +Phaseolus O +vulgaris O +, O +grown O +in O +presence O +of O +different O +concentration O +of O +NaCl B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Phaseolus O +vulgaris O +are O +compared O +in O +function O +of O +salinity O +( O +increasing O +concentrations O +of O +NaCl B-Chemical +) O +of O +the O +culturing O +solution O +. O + +aps B-category +Hence O +the O +obligatory O +halophily O +of O +Suaeda O +is O +related O +to O +an O +increase O +of O +the O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +activity O +in O +a O +sal O +- O +trich O +medium O +corresponding O +to O +the O +stimulation O +of O +nitrate B-Chemical +reductase O +and O +proteogenesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +, O +potassium B-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +, O +sodium B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +ouabain B-Chemical +in O +the O +absence O +or O +presence O +of O +K O ++ O +, O +potassium B-Chemical +tartarte O +, O +phenylalanine O +, O +sodium B-Chemical +fluoride B-Chemical +have O +no O +effect O +on O +its O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Its O +maximum O +stimulation O +by O +EDTA O +, O +its O +non O +- O +dependence O +on O +K O ++ O +and O +its O +insensitivity O +to O +inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +and O +ouabain B-Chemical +, O +make O +human O +platelet O +neutral O +phosphatase O +herein O +described O +, O +distinct O +from O +the O +membrane O +bound O +neutral O +phosphtases O +so O +far O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +urethane B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +anaesthetized I-Chemical +guinea O +- O +pigs O +doses O +of O +3 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +, O +s O +. O +c O +. O +of O +both O +antagonists O +produced O +significant O +blockade O +of O +the O +rate O +response O +to O +an O +80 O +% O +of O +maximum O +dose O +of O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +after O +4 O +h O +. O +In O +other O +experiments O +, O +guinea O +- O +pigs O +were O +pretreated O +with O +the O +antagonists O +and O +the O +responses O +to O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +were O +then O +monitored O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +conscious O +cats O +the O +course O +of O +blockade O +by O +Ro O +03 O +- O +7894 O +was O +followed O +in O +the O +same O +animals O +and O +was O +still O +evident O +after O +48 O +h O +. O +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +blockage O +produced O +by O +Ro O +03 O +- O +5255 O +was O +not O +evident O +24 O +h O +after O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +pentobarbitone O +on O +plasma O +and O +intracellular O +sodium B-Chemical +, O +potassium B-Chemical +and O +pH O +in O +rabbit O +cardiac O +and O +skeletal O +muscle O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +changes O +suggest O +that O +the O +hypokalaemia O +which O +accompanies O +anaesthesia O +results O +from O +movement O +of O +potassium B-Chemical +between O +the O +extracellular O +and O +intracellular O +compartments O +. O + +aps B-category +Biochemical O +tests O +are O +the O +most O +important O +aids O +to O +diagnosis O +, O +provided O +highly O +specific O +methods O +are O +used O +to O +determine O +the O +levels O +of O +urinary O +catecholamines B-Chemical +or O +their O +metabolites O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ability O +of O +seven O +antibiotics O +( O +carbenicillin B-Chemical +, O +cloxacillin O +, O +ampicillin B-Chemical +, O +cephalothin B-Chemical +, O +cephaloridine O +, O +cefoxitin O +and O +fosfomycin O +) O +to O +enter O +interstitial O +tissue O +fluid O +was O +evaluated O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relationships O +between O +the O +cardiovascular O +effects O +, O +alpha O +- O +and O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +blocking O +actions O +and O +plasma O +concentration O +of O +labetalol B-Chemical +in O +doca O +hypertensive O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Labetalol B-Chemical +( O +10 O +, O +30 O +and O +100 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +p O +. O +o O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +During O +the O +labetalol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +hypotension O +and O +bradycardia O +the O +vasopressor O +responses O +to O +intra O +- O +arterial O +injections O +of O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +were O +reduced O +; O +the O +tachycardia O +and O +vasodepressor O +responses O +produced O +by O +intra O +- O +arterial O +injections O +of O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +were O +also O +reduced O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Long O +- O +term O +suppression O +of O +H O ++ O +secretion O +through O +a O +combination O +of O +cimetidine B-Chemical +and O +methanthelinbromide O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Compared O +with O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +200 O +mg O +cimetidine B-Chemical +, O +combined O +drugs O +' O +use O +( O +200 O +mg O +cimetidine B-Chemical +and O +50 O +mg O +methanthelinebromide O +) O +led O +to O +significant O +increase O +of O +inhibition O +of O +secretion O +both O +as O +regards O +degree O +and O +duration O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Chronology O +of O +the O +extrapyramidal O +effects O +of O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +, O +and O +the O +nigrostriatal O +dopaminergic O +system O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Tardive O +dyskinesia O +induced O +by O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +complication O +was O +most O +often O +reported O +in O +elderly O +people O +, O +when O +a O +long O +- O +lasting O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +treatment O +is O +withdrawn O +; O +but O +it O +can O +also O +appear O +in O +young O +people O +and O +after O +a O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +treatment O +of O +only O +a O +few O +weeks O +duration O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +of O +serum O +testosterone B-Chemical +and O +of O +LH O +- O +RH O +test O +after O +treatment O +of O +cryptorchidism O +by O +intranasal O +LH O +- O +RH O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +changes O +of O +LH O +, O +FSH O +and O +testosterone B-Chemical +were O +found O +in O +the O +placebo O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Data O +of O +the O +present O +study O +combine O +to O +suggest O +that O +chronic O +application O +of O +LH O +- O +RH O +may O +result O +in O +an O +overstimulation O +phenomenon O +, O +and O +that O +LH O +- O +RH O +test O +as O +well O +as O +basal O +testosterone B-Chemical +levels O +cannot O +be O +used O +as O +prognostic O +index O +of O +therapy O +efficacy O +. O + +aps B-category +Within O +the O +kidney O +, O +the O +enzyme O +is O +primarily O +associated O +with O +the O +luminal B-Chemical +surface O +of O +the O +brush O +border O +membrane O +of O +the O +proximal O +straight O +tubule O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +glutathionemia O +and O +glutathionuria O +observed O +in O +a O +patient O +who O +lacks O +detectable O +gamma O +- O +glutamyltranspeptidase O +activity O +and O +in O +mice O +following O +specific O +inhibition O +of O +transpeptidase O +, O +support O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +the O +enzyme O +plays O +a O +major O +role O +in O +glutathione B-Chemical +catabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +finding O +that O +various O +cells O +release O +reduced O +and O +oxidized O +glutathione B-Chemical +indicates O +that O +glutathione B-Chemical +turnover O +may O +be O +a O +process O +of O +intracellular O +synthesis O +, O +excretion O +and O +extracellular O +degradation O +. O + +aps B-category +Hepatocytes O +were O +isolated O +by O +perfusion O +of O +the O +liver O +with O +collagenase O +/ O +salt B-Chemical +solutions O +and O +incubated O +in O +culture O +after O +attachment O +to O +plastic O +culture O +dishes O +for O +periods O +up O +to O +48 O +h O +. O +2 O +. O + +aps B-category +Cells O +isolated O +from O +animals O +fed O +20 O +% O +( O +w O +/ O +w O +) O +sucrose B-Chemical +for O +two O +weeks O +prior O +to O +sacrifice O +, O +showed O +high O +levels O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesis O +, O +stearolyl O +- O +CoA O +desaturase O +activity O +and O +triacylglycerol B-Chemical +synthesis O +when O +compared O +with O +cells O +isolated O +from O +animals O +fed O +a O +corn O +oil O +supplemental O +diet O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +corn O +oil O +( O +4 O +% O +by O +weight O +or O +9 O +% O +of O +the O +energy O +content O +of O +the O +diet O +) O +was O +included O +with O +the O +sucrose B-Chemical +( O +20 O +% O +by O +weight O +, O +20 O +% O +of O +the O +energy O +content O +) O +the O +lipogenic O +effect O +of O +the O +sucrose B-Chemical +was O +completely O +suppressed O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +diets O +containing O +sucrose B-Chemical +supplemented O +with O +either O +4 O +% O +( O +w O +/ O +w O +) O +corn O +oil O +or O +4 O +% O +( O +w O +/ O +w O +) O +beef O +tallow O +, O +were O +then O +used O +to O +ascertain O +whether O +or O +not O +the O +effects O +on O +hepatic O +lipogenesis O +were O +reflected O +in O +changes O +in O +the O +amount O +of O +fat O +deposited O +during O +growth O +from O +4 O +- O +- O +24 O +weeks O +of O +age O +. O + +aps B-category +Michaelis O +constants O +for O +( O ++ O +) O +5 O +, O +10 O +- O +methylene O +- O +5 O +, O +6 O +, O +7 O +, O +8 O +- O +tetrahydrofolate O +[ O +( O ++ O +) O +CH2H4folate O +] O +were O +0 O +. O +014 O +mM O +in O +the O +case O +of O +methylation O +of O +2 O +' O +- O +deoxyuridine O +- O +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +( O +dUMP O +) O +and O +0 O +. O +55 O +mM O +when O +it O +served O +as O +methyl O +- O +group O +donor O +for O +2 O +' O +- O +fluoro O +- O +2 O +' O +- O +deoxyuridine O +- O +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +( O +dUflMP O +) O +; O +the O +corresponding O +Km O +values O +for O +dUMP O +and O +dUflMP O +were O +0 O +. O +01 O +mM O +and O +0 O +. O +11 O +mM O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Complete O +inactivation O +and O +labeling O +of O +methionyl O +- O +tRNA O +synthetase O +by O +periodate O +- O +treated O +initiator O +tRNA O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +cyanohydridoborate O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +alkaline O +pH O +, O +the O +Schiff O +' O +s O +base O +equilibrium O +can O +be O +continuously O +and O +specifically O +displaced O +by O +reduction O +in O +situ O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +cyanohydridoborate O +, O +which O +on O +the O +other O +hand O +leaves O +intact O +the O +reacting O +aldehyde B-Chemical +groups O +of O +oxidized O +tRNA O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +was O +irreversibly O +inactivated O +by O +exposure O +to O +weak O +alkali B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Cathepsin O +B O +inactivated O +aldolase O +, O +glucokinase O +, O +apo B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ornithine I-Chemical +aminotransferase O +, O +and O +apo O +- O +cystathionase O +, O +but O +the O +rates O +of O +inactivation O +of O +glucokinase O +, O +apo B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ornithine I-Chemical +aminotransferase O +, O +and O +apocystathionase O +were O +lower O +than O +that O +of O +aldolase O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +140 O +- O +fold O +purification O +was O +obtained O +by O +means O +of O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +fractionation O +followed O +by O +chromatography O +on O +carboxymethylcellulose O +and O +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +. O + +aps B-category +Deacetylation O +can O +not O +be O +detected O +with O +bacterial O +cell O +wall O +peptidoglycan O +, O +N O +- O +acetylated O +heparin B-Chemical +, O +partially O +O O +- O +hydroxyethylated O +chitin O +or O +monomeric O +N O +- O +acetylgalactosamine O +derivatives O +as O +substrates O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +occurrence O +of O +this O +enzyme O +may O +account O +for O +the O +formation O +of O +polygalactosamine O +with O +free O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +shifts O +in O +cardiac O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +and O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +content O +and O +the O +activity O +of O +some O +enzymes O +of O +their O +catabolism O +were O +determined O +as O +well O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +intensity O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +and O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +synthesis O +was O +decreased O +in O +old O +age O +, O +the O +transmitter O +metabolism O +in O +various O +parts O +of O +the O +heart O +was O +not O +uniformly O +altered O +, O +the O +sensitivity O +of O +epicardial O +chemoreceptors O +to O +nicotine B-Chemical +, O +veratrum O +, O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +was O +increased O +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +patients O +intoxicated O +with O +bromoureide O +showed O +accelerated O +elimination O +of O +bromide B-Chemical +from O +serum O +after O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +perchlorate O +. O + +aps B-category +Perchlorate O +has O +been O +reported O +to O +increase O +the O +renal O +clearance O +of O +other O +monovalent O +anions O +by O +inhibiting O +their O +tubular O +reabsorption O +and O +a O +similar O +interaction O +between O +perchlorate O +and O +bromide B-Chemical +is O +suggested O +. O + +aps B-category +Ganglion O +blocking O +properties O +of O +some O +bispyridinium O +soman B-Chemical +antagonists O +. O + +aps B-category +Presynaptic O +noradrenergic O +alpha O +- O +receptors O +and O +modulation O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +noradrenaline I-Chemical +release O +from O +rat O +brain O +synaptosomes O +. O + +aps B-category +Reduction O +of O +the O +concentration O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +ions O +in O +the O +medium O +during O +K O ++ O +stimulation O +greatly O +enhanced O +the O +sensitivity O +of O +3H O +- O +NA O +release O +to O +alpha O +- O +receptor O +- O +mediated O +inhibition O +. O + +aps B-category +Phentolamine B-Chemical +by O +itself O +did O +not O +affect O +synaptosomal O +3H O +- O +NA O +release O +, O +but O +antagonized O +the O +inhibitory O +effects O +of O +both O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +adrenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +SH O +rats O +both O +compounds O +, O +given O +orally O +, O +lowered O +arterial O +pressure O +and O +were O +more O +potent O +than O +hydralazine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +compounds O +had O +positive O +inotropic O +activity O +on O +cat O +heart O +papillary O +muscles O +; O +these O +effects O +were O +antagonized O +by O +timolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +centrally O +active O +drugs O +on O +dopamine B-Chemical +oxidation O +by O +rat O +brain O +catecholamine B-Chemical +oxidase O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +citrate B-Chemical +on O +phosphofructokinase O +from O +lactating O +rat O +mammary O +gland O +acini O +. O + +aps B-category +Factors O +regulating O +the O +susceptibility O +of O +the O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +receptor O +protein O +to O +heat O +inactivation O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +establish O +the O +cell O +type O +responsible O +for O +the O +production O +of O +estrogens B-Chemical +in O +an O +ovarian O +tumor O +, O +seven O +thecomas O +, O +three O +granulosa O +cell O +tumors O +and O +one O +fibroma O +were O +studied O +with O +electron O +microscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +comparative O +study O +of O +labor O +induced O +by O +oral O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E2 I-Chemical +and O +buccal O +tablets O +of O +demoxytocin O +. O + +aps B-category +Labor O +was O +successfully O +induced O +in O +95 O +. O +7 O +% O +of O +the O +women O +in O +the O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +group O +and O +92 O +. O +1 O +% O +of O +the O +women O +in O +the O +demoxytocin O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +Concurrent O +use O +of O +PGF2 B-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +, O +vibrations O +to O +the O +cervix O +uteri O +and O +amniotomy O +to O +induce O +labor O +after O +intrauterine O +fetal O +death O +. O + +aps B-category +Vibratory O +dilation O +effectively O +prepares O +the O +cervix O +for O +the O +intense O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +uterine O +contractions O +and O +thereby O +reduces O +the O +risk O +of O +cervical O +laceration O +and O +fistula O +. O + +aps B-category +Each O +patient O +was O +in O +spontaneous O +labor O +at O +term O +and O +received O +conventional O +doses O +of O +oxytocin B-Chemical +for O +augmentation O +. O + +aps B-category +Tests O +for O +serial O +urinary O +estrogens B-Chemical +were O +done O +for O +75 O +% O +of O +the O +women O +. O + +aps B-category +Diazepam B-Chemical +therapy O +in O +eclampsia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dose O +schedule O +of O +diazepam B-Chemical +, O +as O +described O +in O +this O +study O +, O +shows O +the O +therapy O +to O +have O +a O +stabilizing O +effect O +on O +hypertension O +and O +pulse O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +Dietary O +iron B-Chemical +intake O +of O +pregnant O +Nigerian O +women O +with O +anemia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +daily O +dietary O +iron B-Chemical +intake O +from O +hospital O +meals O +served O +to O +ten O +other O +pregnant O +women O +was O +also O +assessed O +to O +serve O +as O +a O +control O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +, O +therefore O +, O +clear O +that O +the O +etiology O +of O +iron B-Chemical +deficiency O +in O +the O +patients O +studied O +was O +mainly O +dietary O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mode O +of O +action O +of O +modern O +tranquilizers O +from O +the O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +group O +: O +a O +clinical O +view O +. O + +aps B-category +Pentazocine B-Chemical +suppositories O +versus O +pethidine B-Chemical +injections O +in O +500 O +patients O +with O +post O +- O +operative O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +Pethidine B-Chemical +was O +faster O +and O +more O +effective O +, O +particularly O +in O +severe O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +bucolome O +and O +related O +barbiturate B-Chemical +derivatives O +on O +the O +displacement O +of O +bilirubin B-Chemical +from O +plasma O +albumin O +in O +vivo O +and O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +clarify O +the O +mechanism O +of O +this O +action O +, O +the O +study O +was O +performed O +concerning O +the O +effects O +of O +bucolome O +and O +five O +other O +closely O +related O +barbiturate B-Chemical +derivatives O +including O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +( O +PB O +) O +on O +plasma O +bilirubin B-Chemical +in O +homozygous O +Gunn O +rats O +and O +on O +albumin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bilirubin I-Chemical +binding O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +decrease O +of O +bilirubin B-Chemical +was O +returned O +to O +preinjection O +level O +after O +intravenous O +injection O +of O +albumin O +. O + +aps B-category +PB O +had O +almost O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +plasma O +bilirubin B-Chemical +in O +Gunn O +rats O +and O +the O +in O +vitro O +action O +was O +very O +small O +. O + +aps B-category +From O +these O +results O +, O +a O +strong O +action O +to O +displace O +bilirubin B-Chemical +from O +plasma O +albumin O +is O +concluded O +as O +the O +mechanism O +of O +bucolome O +to O +decrease O +plasma O +bilirubin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Base O +excess O +and O +pH O +- O +changes O +showed O +no O +differences O +, O +also O +the O +given O +amount O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +bicarbonate I-Chemical +in O +both O +groups O +was O +the O +same O +. O + +aps B-category +Regulation O +of O +the O +induction O +of O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +in O +choriocarcinoma O +cells O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +butyrate O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +increases O +the O +phosphatase O +activity O +immediately O +and O +in O +a O +nearly O +linear O +fashion O +. O + +aps B-category +Morphine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +catalepsy O +in O +rat O +: O +Role O +of O +putative O +neurotransmitters O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reagent O +2 O +- O +carboxy O +- O +4 O +, O +6 O +- O +dinitrochlorobenzene O +( O +CDNCB O +) O +reacts O +with O +the O +imino O +, O +amino B-Chemical +and O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +groups O +of O +model O +compounds O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +dichloroanalog O +, O +6 O +- O +carboxy O +- O +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +dinitro O +- O +1 O +, O +3 O +- O +dichlorobenzene O +, O +shows O +stepwise O +reactivity O +with O +amines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Synthesis O +and O +trypsin O +inhibitory O +activity O +of O +the O +duopentacontapeptide O +corresponding O +to O +the O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +sequence O +of O +porcine O +pancreatic O +secretory O +trypsin O +inhibitor O +II O +( O +Kazal O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +isolated O +material O +was O +purified O +by O +ion O +exchange O +chromatography O +and O +the O +protecting O +groups O +were O +removed O +by O +successive O +treatments O +with O +anhydrous O +hydrogen B-Chemical +fluoride B-Chemical +, O +1 O +M O +piperidine O +and O +mercuric O +acetate O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +on O +learning O +and O +memory O +of O +2 O +- O +week O +treatments O +with O +chlordiazepoxide O +lactam O +, O +N O +- O +desmethyldiazepam O +, O +oxazepam B-Chemical +and O +methyloxazepam O +, O +alone O +or O +in O +combination O +with O +alcohol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +ingested O +with O +a O +placebo O +drink O +and O +0 O +. O +5 O +g O +alcohol B-Chemical +/ O +kg O +body O +weight O +. O + +aps B-category +Chlordiazepoxide B-Chemical +lactam O +was O +the O +only O +drug O +which O +alone O +impaired O +associative O +learning O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Influence O +of O +diagnosis O +, O +hospital O +and O +sex O +on O +the O +effects O +of O +bromperidol B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +explored O +the O +ionic O +composition O +of O +cerebral O +interstitial O +fluid O +( O +cISF O +) O +in O +six O +unanesthetized O +goats O +at O +sea O +level O +( O +SL O +) O +and O +again O +after O +5 O +days O +at O +a O +simulated O +high O +altitude O +( O +HA O +) O +of O +4 O +, O +300 O +m O +. O +By O +measuring O +net O +transependymal O +fluxes O +of O +HCO3 O +- O +, O +Cl O +- O +, O +and O +lactate B-Chemical +during O +ventriculocisternal O +perfusions O +with O +lactate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +free I-Chemical +artificial O +cerebrospinal O +fluid O +( O +CSF O +) O +with O +various O +[ O +HCO3 O +- O +] O +and O +[ O +Cl O +- O +] O +, O +we O +determined O +[ O +HCO3 O +- O +] O +and O +[ O +Cl O +- O +] O +in O +the O +inflowing O +perfusate O +that O +produced O +zero O +flux O +, O +which O +are O +estimates O +of O +the O +concentrations O +of O +these O +ions O +in O +cISF O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +goats O +adapted O +to O +HA O +[ O +Cl O +- O +] O +in O +cISF O +and O +in O +CSF O +were O +again O +equal O +, O +whereas O +[ O +HCO3 O +- O +] O +in O +cISF O +was O +lower O +and O +[ O +lactate B-Chemical +] O +presumably O +higher O +than O +in O +CSF O +. O + +aps B-category +were O +examined O +in O +situ O +, O +unfixed O +and O +with O +in O +vivo O +- O +like O +ionic O +conditions O +under O +light O +- O +microscopical O +control O +( O +differential B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +interference I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +contrast I-Chemical +, O +magnification O +400 O +- O +- O +800X O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +collected O +from O +culture O +filtrates O +by O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +precipitation O +, O +and O +it O +was O +obtained O +in O +pure O +form O +by O +single O +chromatography O +on O +a O +column O +of O +diethylaminoethyl O +cellulose O +. O + +aps B-category +Mutants O +of O +P O +. O +fragi O +producing O +proteases O +of O +altered O +substrate O +specificities O +were O +isolated O +from O +plates O +containing O +elastin O +as O +the O +sole O +carbon B-Chemical +source O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +physiological O +significance O +of O +this O +Mn O +( O +2 O ++ O +) O +- O +dependent O +N O +( O +2 O +) O +ase O +activating O +system O +was O +suggested O +here O +by O +observations O +that O +growth O +of O +R O +. O +rubrum O +and O +Rhodopseudomonas O +capsulata O +on O +N O +( O +2 O +) O +gas O +( O +a O +condition O +that O +produces O +active O +N O +( O +2 O +) O +ase O +R O +) O +required O +Mn O +( O +2 O ++ O +) O +, O +but O +growth O +on O +ammonia B-Chemical +or O +glutamate B-Chemical +did O +not O +. O + +aps B-category +Chromatium O +N O +( O +2 O +) O +ase O +, O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +was O +always O +fully O +active O +and O +did O +not O +require O +Mn O +( O +2 O ++ O +) O +activation O +, O +suggesting O +that O +only O +the O +purple O +nonsulfur O +bacteria O +are O +capable O +of O +controlling O +their O +N O +( O +2 O +) O +ase O +activity O +by O +this O +new O +type O +of O +regulatory O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Structural O +and O +functional O +characteristics O +of O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +groups O +in O +NADP O +- O +linked O +malic O +enzyme O +from O +Escherichia O +coli O +W O +. O + +aps B-category +Examination O +of O +the O +acid O +hydrolysate O +of O +the O +enzyme O +modified O +with O +[ O +14C O +] O +bromopyruvate O +by O +paper O +chromatography O +showed O +that O +radioactivity O +was O +solely O +incorporated O +into O +carboxyhydroxyethyl O +cysteine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +novel O +method O +for O +the O +preparation O +of O +Kyn O +62 O +- O +lysozyme O +, O +in O +which O +tryptophan B-Chemical +62 O +is O +replaced O +by O +kynurenine B-Chemical +, O +is O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +the O +reagents O +tested O +, O +deoxycholate O +, O +cholate B-Chemical +, O +and O +some O +nonionic O +detergents O +, O +including O +Triton O +X O +- O +100 O +, O +with O +hydrophilic O +- O +lipophilic O +balance O +values O +of O +around O +13 O +, O +were O +effective O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +apparent O +molecular O +weight O +of O +the O +enzyme O +was O +estimated O +to O +be O +about O +88 O +, O +000 O +from O +the O +elution O +position O +on O +Sepharose O +CL O +- O +6B O +column O +chromatography O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +0 O +. O +5 O +% O +sodium B-Chemical +cholate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +urea B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +denatured I-Chemical +protein O +substrates O +tested O +, O +calf O +thymus O +histone O +was O +hydrolyzed O +most O +rapidly O +, O +followed O +by O +casein O +, O +hemoglobin O +, O +and O +bovine O +serum O +albumin O +, O +whereas O +practically O +no O +hydrolysis O +occurred O +with O +denatured O +ovalbumin O +, O +fibrinogen O +, O +and O +gamma O +- O +globulin O +as O +substrates O +. O + +aps B-category +From O +the O +primary O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +sequence O +of O +tropomyosin O +, O +we O +calculated O +the O +changes O +of O +repulsive O +forces O +between O +the O +basic O +residues O +with O +changes O +of O +molecular O +overlap O +length O +between O +the O +N O +- O +terminals O +of O +antiparallel O +pairs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +addition O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +cholate B-Chemical +markedly O +stimulated O +the O +enzymatic O +hydrolysis O +of O +gangliosides O +, O +and O +increased O +the O +maximum O +velocity O +constant O +of O +neuraminidase O +I O +twofold O +and O +that O +of O +neuraminidase O +II O +143 O +- O +fold O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +extent O +of O +gelation O +was O +optimal O +at O +pH O +6 O +. O +8 O +and O +a O +free O +calcium B-Chemical +ion O +concentration O +of O +approximately O +3 O +. O +0 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +8 O +) O +M O +. O +Solation O +was O +favored O +when O +the O +free O +calcium B-Chemical +ion O +concentration O +was O +greater O +than O +7 O +. O +6 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +7 O +) O +M O +or O +when O +the O +pH O +was O +increased O +or O +decreased O +from O +pH O +6 O +. O +8 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +addition O +of O +purified O +D O +. O +discoideum O +myosin O +to O +S6 O +served O +to O +reconstitute O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +and O +pH O +- O +regulated O +contraction O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +axons O +are O +identified O +by O +their O +large O +size O +( O +15 O +- O +30 O +micrometer O +diameter O +) O +, O +extensive O +glial O +infolding O +, O +characteristic O +dense O +core O +vesicles O +( O +DCV O +; O +approximately O +180 O +nm O +diameter O +) O +, O +and O +specific O +, O +rapid O +uptake O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glycine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +R3 O +- O +R14 O +manufacture O +specific O +low O +molecular O +weight O +peptides O +( O +Gainer O +and O +Wollberg O +, O +' O +74 O +) O +, O +and O +both O +the O +cell O +bodies O +( O +Iliffe O +et O +al O +. O +, O +' O +77 O +) O +and O +the O +germinals O +contain O +unusually O +high O +concentrations O +of O +glycine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +sequence O +of O +seven O +pairings O +of O +chili O +- O +flavored O +diet O +with O +prompt O +recovery O +from O +thiamine B-Chemical +deficiency O +did O +significantly O +attenuate O +the O +innate O +aversion O +and O +may O +have O +induced O +a O +chili O +preference O +in O +at O +least O +one O +case O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +immunoglobulins O +that O +bound O +to O +the O +column O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +0 O +were O +eluted O +with O +a O +pH O +gradient O +generated O +by O +3 O +equal O +volumes O +of O +citrate B-Chemical +/ O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +at O +pH O +5 O +. O +0 O +, O +4 O +. O +5 O +and O +2 O +. O +2 O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +concentration O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +( O +depleted O +in O +infected O +chambers O +by O +the O +abundant O +polymorphonuclear O +cells O +) O +was O +restored O +to O +excess O +, O +the O +serum O +resistance O +of O +the O +gonococci O +was O +unaffected O +. O + +aps B-category +Examination O +of O +the O +chamber O +fluid O +after O +growth O +of O +gonococci O +in O +vitro O +showed O +depletion O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +, O +glutamine B-Chemical +and O +proline O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +clarified O +that O +thiamine B-Chemical +is O +cleaved O +by O +residual O +chlorine O +in O +proportion O +to O +the O +rise O +in O +temperature O +, O +pH O +and O +concentration O +of O +residual O +chlorine O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +assumed O +that O +thiamine B-Chemical +is O +cleaved O +into O +hydroxymethylpyrimidine O +and O +the O +thiazole O +moiety O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incorporation O +and O +release O +of O +imipramine B-Chemical +from O +alumina O +gel O +spheres O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relationship O +between O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +the O +excretion O +of O +water O +and O +sodium B-Chemical +in O +the O +rat O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +analysis O +of O +atropine B-Chemical +sulphate I-Chemical +and O +its O +degradation O +products O +by O +reversed O +- O +phase O +high O +pressure O +liquid O +chromatography O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +analysis O +of O +aromatic O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +by O +second O +and O +fourth O +derivative O +UV O +- O +spectroscopy O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stability O +of O +salbutamol B-Chemical +solution O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +chloroquine B-Chemical +on O +macromolecule O +synthesis O +and O +oxygen B-Chemical +uptake O +in O +Escherichia O +coli O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +an O +R O +- O +factor O +and O +its O +non O +- O +transmissible O +derivative O +on O +the O +survival O +of O +bacteria O +in O +media O +containing O +mitomycin B-Chemical +C I-Chemical +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Absorption O +of O +two O +tyrosine B-Chemical +containing O +tri O +- O +peptides O +from O +the O +small O +intestine O +and O +rectum O +of O +the O +rat O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +carbonic O +anhydrase O +binding O +on O +the O +pharmacokinetics O +of O +chlorthalidone B-Chemical +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Investigation O +of O +solute O +- O +solvent O +complexes O +involving O +testosterone B-Chemical +and O +testosterone B-Chemical +propionate I-Chemical +, O +using O +solubility O +results O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +structure O +and O +stability O +of O +O O +/ O +W O +emulsions O +stabilised O +by O +polyethylene B-Chemical +glycol I-Chemical +1000 O +monostearate O +/ O +fatty O +alcohols O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Function O +of O +size O +heterogeneity O +in O +barium B-Chemical +sulphate O +used O +as O +radiocontrast O +medium O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Cephalosporin B-Chemical +powders O +sterilized O +by O +gamma O +- O +rays O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Biologically O +active O +poly O +( O +N O +- O +methacryloyl O +omega B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +) O +esters O +of O +fluphenazine B-Chemical +and O +their O +duration O +of O +activity O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +on O +the O +mode O +of O +action O +of O +the O +antitumour O +drug O +nitrogen B-Chemical +mustard O +( O +mustine O +) O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +slugging O +pressure O +on O +the O +properties O +of O +granules O +and O +tablets O +prepared O +from O +potassium B-Chemical +phenethicillin O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +functional O +groups O +on O +the O +energetics O +of O +partitioning O +of O +phenols B-Chemical +between O +liposomes O +and O +water O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +comparison O +of O +three O +chemical O +methods O +of O +assay O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Regulation O +of O +chloride B-Chemical +in O +quiescent O +sheep O +- O +heart O +Purkinje O +fibres O +studied O +using O +intracellular O +chloride B-Chemical +and O +pH O +- O +sensitive O +micro O +- O +electrodes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inward O +- O +pumping O +was O +noticeably O +temperature O +- O +sensitive O +( O +Q10 O +approximately O +2 O +. O +6 O +) O +, O +its O +rate O +was O +reduced O +about O +eighteenfold O +in O +the O +nominal O +absence O +of O +external O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +/ O +CO2 O +and O +it O +was O +substantially O +inhibited O +by O +the O +drug O +SITS O +( O +4 O +- O +acetamido O +- O +4 O +' O +- O +isothiocyanato O +- O +stilbene O +- O +2 O +, O +2 O +' O +- O +disulphonic O +acid O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +on O +the O +mechanism O +of O +action O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +antagonists O +on O +rat O +parasympathetic O +ganglion O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +three O +antagonists O +( O +tubocurarine O +, O +hexamethonium B-Chemical +, O +decamethonium O +) O +the O +blocking O +action O +increases O +with O +hyperpolarization O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +block O +produced O +by O +tubocurarine O +, O +hexamethonium B-Chemical +and O +decamethonium O +increases O +with O +the O +agonist O +concentration O +, O +an O +observation O +which O +supports O +a O +' O +sequential O +' O +scheme O +in O +which O +the O +antagonist O +blocks O +the O +' O +open O +' O +channel O +- O +receptor O +complex O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +case O +of O +tubocurarine O +and O +hexamethonium B-Chemical +, O +the O +relaxation O +following O +a O +hyperpolarizing O +voltage O +jump O +corresponds O +to O +a O +decrease O +in O +conductance O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +steady O +- O +state O +observations O +and O +the O +relaxations O +can O +be O +interpreted O +in O +terms O +of O +a O +scheme O +in O +which O +tubocurarine O +, O +hexamethonium B-Chemical +and O +decamethonium O +act O +mainly O +by O +blocking O +the O +channels O +opened O +by O +the O +cholinergic O +agonists O +. O + +aps B-category +Inter O +- O +relationship O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +, O +chloride B-Chemical +, O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +and O +acetate O +transport O +by O +the O +colon O +of O +the O +pig O +. O + +aps B-category +Final O +pCO2 O +values O +observed O +in O +NaCl B-Chemical +and O +Na2SO4 O +solutions O +were O +greater O +than O +those O +observed O +in O +plasma O +while O +the O +pCO2 O +of O +the O +Na O +acetate O +solution O +after O +perfusion O +was O +reduced O +to O +values O +below O +plasma O +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +characteristics O +of O +saxitoxin B-Chemical +( O +STX O +) O +binding O +to O +the O +mammalian O +Na O +channel O +have O +been O +studied O +in O +purified O +sarcolemma O +isolated O +from O +rat O +skeletal O +muscle O +. O + +aps B-category +More O +than O +50 O +castrated O +or O +cryptorchid O +rams O +have O +been O +treated O +with O +low O +doses O +of O +steroid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +free I-Chemical +RTF O +over O +a O +25 O +- O +h O +blood O +sampling O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +Uridine O +diphosphate O +glucose B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +in O +normal O +human O +synovial O +cells O +in O +culture O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mean O +catalytic O +activity O +of O +UDP B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +from O +the O +5 O +extracts O +was O +12 O +. O +0 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +4 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +3 O +) O +International O +Units O +/ O +mg O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +Biological O +investigations O +in O +alcohol B-Chemical +research O +. O + +aps B-category +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Aryl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +4H I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +s I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +triazolo I-Chemical +[ O +4 O +, O +3 O +- O +a O +] O +[ O +1 O +, O +4 O +] O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +to O +showing O +anxiolytic O +potential O +, O +some O +were O +also O +active O +in O +tests O +useful O +for O +detecting O +antidepressant B-Chemical +and O +antipsychotic O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +decomposition O +reaction O +in O +LR O +experiment O +is O +postulated O +to O +be O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +catalyzed I-Chemical +formate O +decomposition O +on O +the O +clay O +surface O +. O + +aps B-category +PCP O +( O +phencyclidine B-Chemical +) O +: O +an O +update O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +sensitive O +and O +convenient O +method O +of O +endopeptidase O +assay O +using O +as O +substrate O +globin O +modified O +with O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +was O +used O +for O +determination O +of O +acid O +proteinases O +in O +bovine O +hypothalamus O +separated O +by O +isoelectric O +focusing O +. O + +aps B-category +Lesions O +of O +the O +cerebral O +cortex O +alter O +striatal O +neuronal O +vulnerability O +to O +locally O +injected O +kainic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Coadministration O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +1 O +mumole O +) O +with O +kainic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +9 O +nmoles O +) O +partially O +restores O +the O +neurotoxic O +action O +of O +kainic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +in O +the O +decorticate O +striatum O +; O +GABA B-Chemical +, O +alanine B-Chemical +, O +and O +proline O +( O +1 O +mumole O +) O +are O +ineffective O +with O +regard O +to O +restoring O +kainate B-Chemical +' O +s O +toxicity O +for O +striatal O +GABAergic O +neurons O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +some O +other O +narcotic O +analgesics O +on O +brain O +tryptophan B-Chemical +concentrations O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +effect O +was O +not O +prevented O +by O +naloxone B-Chemical +nor O +was O +it O +produced O +by O +other O +narcotic O +analgesics O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +large O +dose O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +had O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +antinociceptive O +action O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +effect O +was O +prevented O +by O +naloxone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Automation O +of O +phosphorus B-Chemical +removal O +systems O +. O + +aps B-category +Immunological O +, O +pharmacological O +and O +dynamic O +action O +of O +rifampicin B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Abstracts O +of O +the O +9th O +Congress O +of O +the O +International O +Study O +Group O +for O +Steroid B-Chemical +Hormones O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Physiopathology O +and O +cholesterol B-Chemical +biliary O +calculi O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +vitro O +effects O +of O +pH O +and O +phosphorylation O +on O +neostriatal O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +from O +control O +and O +haloperidol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +activity O +has O +characteristics O +of O +a O +thymidine B-Chemical +kinase O +, O +in O +that O +( O +1 O +) O +it O +will O +utilize O +ATP O +( O +or O +dATP O +) O +or O +CTP O +( O +or O +dCTP O +) O +as O +phosphoryl O +donor O +, O +but O +not O +AMP O +or O +phenyl O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +and O +( O +2 O +) O +it O +is O +inhibited O +by O +dTTP O +( O +and O +less O +so O +by O +dTDP O +, O +dUTP B-Chemical +, O +and O +dUDP O +) O +but O +is O +unaffected O +by O +3 O +' O +- O +5 O +' O +cyclic O +AMP O +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetic O +studies O +indicate O +a O +ping O +- O +pong O +mechanism O +with O +a O +Km O +for O +thymidine B-Chemical +of O +1 O +. O +5 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +7 O +) O +moles O +per O +liter O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +thymidine B-Chemical +is O +phosphorylated O +to O +dTMP O +by O +crude O +Chlamydomonas O +extracts O +, O +greater O +than O +80 O +% O +of O +the O +product O +formed O +by O +the O +partially O +purified O +enzyme O +is O +dTTP O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +one O +year O +of O +steroid B-Chemical +therapy O +the O +arteritis O +was O +no O +longer O +seen O +histologically O +, O +Australia O +- O +antigen O +became O +negative O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reactions O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +14C O +- O +and O +gamma O +32P O +- O +labelled O +ATP O +with O +isolated O +membranes O +from O +catecholamine B-Chemical +storage O +vesicles O +of O +the O +bovine O +adrenal O +medulla O +were O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Sonication O +released O +twice O +as O +much O +32P O +- O +ATP O +as O +14C O +- O +ATP O +from O +the O +space O +within O +the O +membrane O +particles O +indicating O +that O +at O +least O +half O +of O +the O +ATP O +present O +in O +space O +did O +not O +contain O +its O +original O +terminal O +phosphate B-Chemical +group O +. O + +aps B-category +Different O +strong O +inhibitory O +effects O +exerted O +by O +ADP O +on O +the O +ATPase O +activity O +and O +net O +uptake O +of O +catecholamine B-Chemical +at O +the O +one O +hand O +and O +the O +overall O +32P O +- O +and O +14C O +- O +incorporation O +at O +the O +other O +hand O +supported O +that O +view O +. O + +aps B-category +Fenfluramine O +has O +been O +considered O +to O +deplete O +neuronal O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +fenfluramine B-Chemical +on O +these O +three O +compounds O +considered O +as O +neurotransmitters O +are O +different O +. O + +aps B-category +Concerning O +the O +enzymes O +involved O +in O +GABA B-Chemical +synthesis O +and O +degradation O +, O +Fenfluramine O +increases O +Glutamic O +acid O +decarboxylase O +activity O +and O +decreases O +GABA B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +trasaminase I-Chemical +activity O +in O +synaptosomes O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +enzymatic O +regulating O +system O +may O +be O +responsible O +in O +restoring O +the O +GABA B-Chemical +level O +. O + +aps B-category +Histamine B-Chemical +receptors O +in O +the O +guinea O +pig O +ileum O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +concentrations O +elicited O +by O +histamine B-Chemical +in O +both O +kinds O +of O +preparations O +were O +not O +potentiated O +by O +cimetidine B-Chemical +or O +metiamide O +and O +were O +not O +inhibited O +by O +administration O +of O +H2 O +receptor O +selective O +agonists O +in O +doses O +which O +were O +subthreshold O +for O +contracting O +the O +guinea O +pig O +ileum O +; O +higher O +doses O +of O +the O +H2 O +agonists O +could O +actually O +potentiate O +the O +effect O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +isolated O +perfused O +guinea O +- O +pig O +hearts O +, O +digoxin B-Chemical +produced O +a O +concentration O +dependent O +release O +of O +creatine B-Chemical +kinase O +( O +ATP B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +creatine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +transphosphorylase I-Chemical +; O +CK O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +digoxin B-Chemical +effect O +was O +not O +matched O +. O + +aps B-category +Also O +, O +propranolol B-Chemical +decreased O +the O +enzyme O +release O +due O +to O +electrical O +fibrillation O +. O + +aps B-category +Sea O +anemone O +toxin O +II O +( O +ATX O +II O +) O +which O +keeps O +the O +activated O +sodium B-Chemical +channels O +open O +, O +can O +be O +labelled O +at O +its O +histidine O +residues O +with O +125I O +up O +to O +a O +specific O +radioactivity O +of O +500 O +Ci O +/ O +mmole O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +binding O +of O +alpha O +- O +bungarotoxin O +, O +binding O +of O +ATX O +II O +is O +not O +changed O +by O +denervation O +of O +the O +diaphragm O +. O + +aps B-category +Within O +5 O +h O +of O +irradiation O +the O +whole O +- O +body O +dose O +of O +0 O +. O +387 O +C O +/ O +kg O +( O +1500 O +R O +) O +produced O +changes O +in O +rat O +liver O +cells O +characterized O +by O +a O +reduction O +of O +the O +nucleotide B-Chemical +biological O +half O +- O +lives O +( O +NAD O ++ O +from O +80 O +to O +60 O +min O +and O +NADP O ++ O +from O +120 O +to O +70 O +min O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Crop O +- O +sac O +response O +after O +systemic O +and O +intraventricular O +administration O +of O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +3 O +- O +or O +5 O +- O +day O +systemic O +treatment O +with O +reserpine B-Chemical +, O +haloperidol B-Chemical +and O +( O +ł O +/ O +- O +) O +- B-Chemical +sulpiride I-Chemical +produced O +an O +intense O +crop O +- O +sac O +response O +consisting O +of O +a O +marked O +epithelial O +hyperplasia O +and O +presence O +of O +milk O +- O +like O +material O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +l B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sulpiride I-Chemical +was O +more O +active O +in O +comparison O +to O +the O +d O +- O +enantiomer O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +study O +the O +anti O +- O +arrhythmic O +effectiveness O +of O +pindolol B-Chemical +has O +been O +tested O +on O +ventricular O +effort O +arrhythmias O +in O +a O +group O +of O +22 O +cardiopathic O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +conditioning O +with O +ALG O +followed O +by O +transfusion O +of O +haploidentical O +marrow O +and O +low O +dose O +androgens B-Chemical +there O +is O +partial O +to O +complete O +autologous O +hemopoietic O +reconstitution O +in O +virtually O +all O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +so O +- O +called O +cystitis O +due O +to O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +( O +Cytoxan O +) O +is O +caused O +by O +direct O +contact O +of O +the O +mucosa O +with O +alkylating O +metabolites O +in O +acid O +urine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cytostatically O +active O +metabolites O +of O +ifosfamide B-Chemical +( O +Holoxan O +) O +, O +a O +derivative O +of O +oxazaphosphorine O +, O +are O +eliminated O +by O +the O +kidneys O +as O +well O +. O + +aps B-category +Conservative O +management O +of O +chronic O +renal O +failure O +in O +children O +is O +essentially O +based O +on O +dietary O +prescription O +including O +recommendations O +for O +high O +caloric O +intake O +and O +a O +certain O +limitation O +of O +protein O +intake O +according O +to O +GFR O +in O +order O +to O +avoid O +any O +extra O +loading O +with O +nitrogen B-Chemical +wastes O +. O + +aps B-category +Prevention O +of O +osteodystrophy O +needs O +supplement O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +, O +chelation O +of O +phosphorus B-Chemical +with O +aluminium B-Chemical +hydroxide O +and O +the O +prescription O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +D I-Chemical +or O +its O +active O +derivatives O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +these O +substances O +, O +picrotoxin B-Chemical +was O +the O +most O +effective O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +first O +series O +of O +experiments O +P50 O +( O +PO2 O +for O +which O +saturation O +is O +50 O +% O +) O +was O +lowered O +by O +use O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Perivascular O +pH O +and O +pial O +arterial O +diameter O +during O +bicuculline B-Chemical +induced O +seizures O +in O +cats O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +a O +discrimination O +between O +metabolically O +induced O +and O +pressure O +dependent O +vascular O +reactions O +is O +not O +possible O +under O +such O +conditions O +, O +the O +cats O +( O +anesthetized O +with O +40 O +- O +- O +50 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +chloralose B-Chemical +) O +received O +in O +addition O +3 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +phentolamine B-Chemical +and O +10 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Alkaline O +stability O +of O +guanosine B-Chemical +and O +some O +of O +its O +derivatives O +modified O +by O +the O +carcinogen O +N O +- O +acetoxyacetylaminofluorene O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +H2 O +- O +receptor O +antagonists O +on O +concentration O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +3 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dihydroxyphenylacetic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +serotonin B-Chemical +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +in O +rat O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +CIM O +did O +not O +significantly O +influence O +either O +dopamine B-Chemical +( O +DA O +) O +or O +3 B-Chemical +, I-Chemical +4 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dihydroxyphenylacetic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +DOPAC B-Chemical +) O +levels O +in O +the O +striatum O +. O + +aps B-category +Twelve O +metabolically O +healthy O +patients O +, O +who O +had O +to O +undergo O +cholecystectomy O +or O +gastric O +resection O +, O +were O +fed O +intermittently O +by O +the O +parenteral O +route O +( O +via O +veins O +of O +the O +upper O +limbs O +) O +post O +- O +operatively O +up O +to O +and O +including O +the O +2nd O +post O +- O +operative O +day O +with O +a O +combined O +maltose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +solution O +in O +parallel O +with O +an O +8 O +% O +mixture O +of O +crystalline O +L O +- O +aminoacids O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +maltose O +levels O +in O +the O +blood O +fluctuated O +in O +accordance O +with O +the O +infusion O +periods O +and O +the O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +levels O +measured O +were O +their O +mirror O +image O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +degree O +of O +tolerance O +was O +determined O +objectively O +by O +measurement O +of O +the O +acid O +- O +base O +parameter O +, O +gamma O +- O +GT O +, O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +, O +GOT O +, O +bilirubin B-Chemical +, O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +creatinine B-Chemical +and O +serum O +electrolytes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +four O +different O +types O +of O +anaesthesia O +- O +- O +halothane B-Chemical +and O +enflurane B-Chemical +inhalation O +anaestheis O +, O +neurolept O +analgesia O +and O +epidural O +analgesia O +with O +single O +shot O +technique O +- O +- O +on O +the O +serum O +levels O +of O +GOT O +, O +GPT O +, O +GLDH O +, O +LDH O +, O +AP O +, O +LAP O +, O +gamma O +- O +GT O +, O +total O +protein O +and O +bilirubin B-Chemical +was O +examined O +in O +104 O +comparable O +cases O +undergoing O +gynaecological O +surgery O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +subsequent O +rapid O +fall O +of O +the O +bilirubin B-Chemical +levels O +may O +be O +the O +result O +of O +enzyme O +induction O +. O + +aps B-category +20 O +had O +neurolept O +analgesia O +, O +20 O +had O +halothane B-Chemical +anaesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +exception O +were O +changes O +in O +the O +total O +bilirubin B-Chemical +levels O +which O +were O +similar O +to O +those O +observed O +in O +the O +gynaecological O +cases O +. O + +aps B-category +Glutathione O +is O +translocated O +out O +of O +cells O +; O +cells O +that O +have O +membrane O +- O +bound O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +transpeptidase O +can O +utilize O +translocated O +glutathione B-Chemical +, O +whereas O +glutathione B-Chemical +exported O +from O +cells O +that O +do O +not O +have O +appreciable O +transpeptidase O +enters O +the O +blood O +plasma O +. O + +aps B-category +Experiments O +on O +rats O +surgically O +deprived O +of O +one O +or O +both O +kidneys O +and O +treated O +with O +the O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +transpeptidase O +inhibitor O +D O +- O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +- O +( O +o O +- O +carboxy O +) O +phenylhydrazide O +establish O +that O +extrarenal O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +transpeptidase O +activity O +accounts O +for O +the O +utilization O +of O +about O +one O +- O +third O +of O +the O +total O +blood O +plasma O +glutathione B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +They O +also O +excrete O +gamma O +- O +glutamylcysteine O +, O +suggesting O +that O +cleavage O +of O +glutathione B-Chemical +at O +the O +cysteinylglycine O +bond O +may O +be O +of O +metabolic O +significance O +. O + +aps B-category +Epidermal B-Chemical +growth I-Chemical +factor I-Chemical +stimulation O +of O +DNA O +synthesis O +is O +potentiated O +by O +compounds O +that O +inhibit O +its O +clustering O +in O +coated O +pits O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +fashion O +, O +we O +have O +revealed O +a O +possible O +link O +between O +the O +coagulation O +- O +kinin O +pathway O +and O +the O +renin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +angiotensin I-Chemical +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Most O +of O +the O +[ O +3H O +] O +serotonin B-Chemical +in O +the O +neuron O +is O +sequestered O +by O +lysosomes O +, O +which O +may O +function O +as O +storage O +depots O +for O +the O +transmitter O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +3H O +] O +Dopamine B-Chemical +, O +[ O +3H O +] O +histamine B-Chemical +, O +and O +[ O +3H O +] O +- O +N O +- O +acetylgalactosamine O +injected O +into O +the O +serotonergic O +neuron O +were O +not O +localized O +in O +lysosomes O +. O + +aps B-category +Lysosomes O +might O +accumulate O +the O +transmitter O +with O +a O +high O +degree O +of O +specificity O +because O +they O +contain O +membranes O +, O +perhaps O +recycled O +from O +the O +neuron O +' O +s O +synaptic O +terminals O +, O +that O +retain O +their O +ability O +to O +concentrate O +and O +bind O +serotonin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +After O +disulfide O +reduction O +by O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +, O +the O +size O +of O +the O +M O +( O +r O +) O +15 O +, O +000 O +and O +6000 O +somatostatin O +- O +like O +species O +was O +assessed O +either O +by O +molecular O +sieve O +filtration O +or O +by O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +1 O +- O +13c O +] O +Glucose B-Chemical +and O +[ O +6 O +- O +13C O +] O +glucose B-Chemical +were O +fed O +to O +suspensions O +of O +yeast O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +glucose B-Chemical +uptake O +was O +well O +fitted O +by O +a O +Michaelis O +- O +Menten O +model O +, O +assuming O +competition O +of O +alpha O +- O +and O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +for O +the O +same O +site O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +13C O +label O +, O +introduced O +only O +as O +[ O +- O +13C O +] O +- O +or O +[ O +6 O +- O +13C O +] O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +was O +observed O +in O +Fru O +- O +P2 O +in O +both O +the O +C1 O +and O +C6 O +positions O +, O +simultaneously O +. O + +aps B-category +Uroporphyrinogen O +I O +synthase O +[ O +porphobilinogen O +ammonia B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lyase I-Chemical +( O +polymerizing O +) O +, O +EC O +4 O +. O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +8 O +] O +from O +human O +erythrocytes O +was O +separated O +into O +two O +active O +protein O +peaks O +( O +A O +and O +B O +on O +DEAE O +- O +cellulose O +, O +by O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +fractionation O +, O +on O +Sephadex O +G O +- O +100 O +, O +and O +on O +DEAE O +- O +Sephadex O +A O +- O +50 O +with O +a O +NaCl B-Chemical +gradient O +. O + +aps B-category +Transport O +of O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +: O +role O +of O +glutathione B-Chemical +and O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +transpeptidase O +. O + +aps B-category +According O +to O +this O +idea O +, O +the O +latter O +are O +translocated O +into O +the O +cell O +where O +the O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +moiety O +is O +removed O +to O +yield O +free O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +now O +directly O +examined O +the O +transport O +of O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +into O +tissues O +in O +the O +mouse O +by O +use O +of O +the O +model O +substrate O +L O +- O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +- O +L O +- O +[ O +14C O +] O +methionine B-Chemical +sulfone O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +with O +a O +number O +of O +other O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +and O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +compounds O +indicate O +that O +the O +kidney O +has O +a O +relatively O +specific O +transport O +system O +for O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +suggest O +that O +both O +the O +transpeptidase O +and O +glutathione B-Chemical +may O +be O +involved O +in O +transport O +of O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Unlike O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +aminobenzylpropranolol O +displayed O +a O +prolonged O +blockade O +of O +receptors O +that O +was O +maintained O +during O +several O +hours O +of O +washing O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +with O +0 O +. O +1 O +and O +10 O +muM O +aminobenzylpropranolol O +produced O +decreases O +of O +0 O +. O +5 O +and O +2 O +orders O +of O +magnitude O +in O +the O +contractile O +potency O +of O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Repeated O +exposures O +to O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +at O +concentrations O +sufficient O +to O +produce O +maximal O +tension O +development O +also O +failed O +to O +alleviate O +the O +blockade O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +suggest O +that O +catecholamines B-Chemical +are O +capable O +of O +eliciting O +full O +biological O +responses O +in O +glioma O +cells O +and O +isolated O +atria O +even O +though O +the O +great O +majority O +of O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +receptors O +are O +persistently O +blocked O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cellular O +localization O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +[ O +GSase O +; O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glutamate I-Chemical +: O +ammonia B-Chemical +ligase O +( O +ADP O +) O +- O +forming O +) O +, O +EC O +6 O +. O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +2 O +] O +induced O +by O +cortisol B-Chemical +in O +the O +neural O +retina O +of O +chicken O +embryos O +was O +investigated O +by O +immunostaining O +with O +GSase O +- O +specific O +antiserum O +and O +indirect O +immunofluorescence O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +incubated O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +( O +6 O +muM O +) O +, O +the O +syntheses O +of O +these O +arachidonic O +acid O +metabolites O +are O +stimulated O +3 O +- O +fold O +. O + +aps B-category +Norepinephrine B-Chemical +' O +s O +stimulation O +is O +also O +inhibited O +by O +low O +concentrations O +of O +dihydroergotamine O +, O +bromocryptine O +, O +ergocryptine O +, O +and O +ergotamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +phenoxybenzamine O +nor O +ergotamine B-Chemical +at O +concentrations O +that O +block O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +' O +s O +stimulation O +of O +PG O +biosynthesis O +suppresses O +the O +increase O +in O +PG O +synthesis O +induced O +by O +exogenous O +arachidonic O +acid O +, O +suggesting O +that O +the O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +regulation O +is O +not O +occurring O +primarily O +at O +the O +cyclooxygenase O +step O +in O +the O +metabolism O +of O +arachidonic O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +Taken O +together O +, O +these O +results O +suggest O +that O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +receptor O +stimulation O +promotes O +the O +deacylation O +of O +phospholipids O +by O +MDCK O +cells O +whereas O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +mechanisms O +lead B-Chemical +to O +activation O +of O +similar O +pathways O +in O +WEHI O +- O +5 O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulation O +of O +the O +glands O +with O +histamine B-Chemical +resulted O +in O +the O +development O +of O +intracellular O +spaces O +within O +the O +parietal O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +D O +- O +and O +L O +- O +enantiomers O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +, O +AMP O +and O +ADP O +and O +their O +2 O +- O +chloro O +- O +and O +2 O +- O +azido O +- O +analogues O +on O +human O +platelets O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +synthesized O +L O +- O +enantiomers O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +, O +AMP O +and O +ADP O +, O +together O +with O +their O +corresponding O +photolysable O +2 O +- O +azido O +analogues O +so O +that O +platelet O +receptors O +could O +be O +tested O +for O +stereospecificity O +. O + +aps B-category +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Azido I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +, O +AMP O +and O +ADP O +are O +proposed O +as O +useful O +controls O +in O +photoaffinity O +experiments O +for O +non O +- O +specific O +labelling O +. O + +aps B-category +Intracellular O +recording O +indicated O +that O +perfusion O +with O +substance O +P O +caused O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +membrane O +depolarization O +which O +was O +unaffected O +by O +hexamethonium B-Chemical +, O +hyoscine B-Chemical +, O +naloxone B-Chemical +or O +baclofen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Role O +of O +acylcoenzyme O +A O +: O +cholesterol B-Chemical +o O +- O +acyltransferase O +in O +cholesterol B-Chemical +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +Peripheral O +catecholamines B-Chemical +and O +memory O +: O +characteristics O +of O +syrosingopine O +- O +induced O +amnesia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +peripheral O +catecholamines B-Chemical +in O +memory O +formation O +was O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +of O +5 O +' O +- O +guanylylimidodiphosphate O +to O +the O +SHR O +myocardial O +preparation O +again O +yielded O +a O +lessened O +sensitivity O +to O +all O +agents O +except O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +, O +and O +histamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Similar O +treatment O +with O +a O +low O +dose O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +did O +not O +alter O +myocardial O +responses O +to O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +sleep O +laboratory O +hypnotic O +drug O +evaluation O +study O +was O +conducted O +in O +which O +2 O +mg O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +, O +a O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +with O +a O +half O +life O +of O +intermediate O +duration O +, O +was O +administered O +nightly O +to O +6 O +insomniac O +subjects O +for O +4 O +consecutive O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +Dual O +histamine B-Chemical +receptor O +mechanism O +in O +guinea O +- O +pig O +lung O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +order O +of O +the O +relative O +activity O +of O +the O +spasmogens O +was O +2 O +- O +methylhistamine O +( O +2 O +- O +MeH O +) O +greater O +than O +histamine B-Chemical +greater O +than O +carbachol B-Chemical +greater O +than O +2 O +- O +pyridylethylamine O +( O +2 O +- O +PE O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Metiamide O +( O +a O +selective O +H2 O +- O +antagonist O +: O +5 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +mol O +/ O +l O +inhibited O +or O +reversed O +relaxations O +to O +histamine B-Chemical +, O +dimaprit O +and O +4 O +- O +MeH O +, O +and O +significantly O +enhanced O +contractile O +responses O +to O +histamine B-Chemical +without O +altering O +responses O +to O +carbachol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +investigation O +shows O +: O +( O +1 O +) O +histamine B-Chemical +is O +more O +active O +than O +carbachol B-Chemical +in O +GPLS O +and O +( O +2 O +) O +the O +occurrence O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +H1 O +- O +receptors O +mediating O +contraction O +and O +H2 O +- O +receptors O +mediating O +relaxation O +in O +guinea O +- O +pig O +lung O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibitory O +effect O +of O +alpha O +- O +adrenoceptor O +- O +blocking O +agents O +on O +adrenaline B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +aggregation O +of O +human O +platelets O +does O +not O +parallel O +that O +on O +adrenaline B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +contraction O +of O +rabbit O +aortic O +strips O +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +the O +other O +ergoline O +derivatives O +testes O +, O +only O +lisuride O +has O +a O +stronger O +inhibitory O +effect O +than O +those O +of O +natural O +ergot B-Chemical +alkaloids O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +acute O +experiments O +on O +pregnant O +sows O +under O +sodium B-Chemical +pentobarbitone O +anaesthesia O +, O +acid O +base O +balance O +, O +oxygenation O +and O +plasma O +metabolite O +concentrations O +were O +well O +maintained O +in O +the O +dam O +and O +all O +fetuses O +which O +remained O +undisturbed O +in O +utero O +, O +irrespective O +of O +the O +duration O +of O +the O +experiment O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +1 O +1 O +/ O +2 O +- O +- O +2 O +h O +sampling O +period O +following O +catheterization O +the O +normal O +positive O +umbilical O +venous O +- O +arterial O +differences O +in O +plasma O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +lactate B-Chemical +generally O +became O +reversed O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +adrenaline B-Chemical +and O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +, O +which O +were O +each O +infused O +intravenously O +at O +2 O +. O +7 O +- O +- O +3 O +. O +9 O +or O +0 O +. O +6 O +- O +- O +0 O +. O +9 O +microgram O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +study O +of O +the O +relative O +activity O +of O +the O +purified O +placental O +NAD O +- O +and O +NADP O +- O +linked O +15 O +- O +hydroxyprostaglandin O +dehydrogenases O +with O +various O +prostaglandins B-Chemical +and O +thromboxane B-Chemical +B2 I-Chemical +( O +TxB2 O +) O +suggests O +that O +most O +, O +if O +not O +all O +, O +oxidation O +in O +the O +placenta O +of O +the O +15 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxyl I-Chemical +group O +of O +prostaglandins B-Chemical +of O +the O +A O +, O +E O +, O +and O +F O +series O +as O +well O +as O +PGI2 B-Chemical +( O +prostacyclin B-Chemical +) O +and O +6 O +- O +keto O +PGF1 O +alpha O +is O +catalyzed O +by O +the O +NAD O +- O +linked O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Thromboxane B-Chemical +B2 I-Chemical +is O +not O +oxidized O +by O +the O +NAD O +- O +linked O +enzyme O +and O +is O +oxidized O +slowly O +by O +the O +NADP O +- O +linked O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +vessels O +contained O +histamine B-Chemical +H1 O +- O +receptors O +and O +tryptamine O +D O +- O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +drugs O +on O +plasma O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +glucagon O +in O +Japanese O +quail O +: O +a O +preliminary O +report O +. O + +aps B-category +Isoproterenol B-Chemical +, O +epinephrine B-Chemical +and O +three O +relatively O +selective O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +agonists O +( O +terbutaline B-Chemical +, O +salbutamol B-Chemical +and O +reproterol O +) O +produced O +dose O +- O +related O +hyperglycemia O +and O +hypoglucagonemia O +. O + +aps B-category +Hypocapnia O +, O +induced O +by O +mechanical O +hyperventilation O +, O +resulted O +in O +intracellular O +alkalosis O +within O +skeletal O +muscle O +during O +both O +respiratory O +alkalosis O +and O +compensated O +metabolic O +acidosis O +; O +changes O +of O +skeletal O +muscle O +intracellular O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +concentration O +per O +unit O +change O +in O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +tension O +were O +identical O +during O +these O +two O +experimental O +procedures O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +constant O +heart O +rate O +and O +blood O +volume O +, O +both O +before O +and O +during O +saline O +infusion O +, O +end O +- O +diastolic O +MCL O +was O +not O +influenced O +by O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +or O +propranolol B-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +blood O +volume O +expansion O +increased O +SV O +more O +at O +low O +than O +at O +high O +HR O +( O +k O +increased O +) O +, O +but O +HR0 O +was O +not O +significantly O +changed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stimulatory O +effect O +of O +insulin O +on O +heart O +rate O +was O +not O +influenced O +by O +autonomic O +nervous O +blockade O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +or O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +plus O +atropine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Oxygen O +uptake O +, O +arterial O +pressure O +, O +heart O +rate O +, O +leg O +blood O +flow O +and O +arterial O +- O +femoral O +venous O +differences O +for O +oxygen B-Chemical +and O +lactate B-Chemical +were O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +rest O +, O +lactate B-Chemical +release O +was O +abolished O +from O +the O +blocked O +leg O +, O +and O +during O +exercise O +the O +release O +was O +reduced O +by O +50 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +Colloidal O +gold B-Chemical +probes O +- O +- O +a O +further O +evaluation O +. O + +aps B-category +Various O +parameters O +involved O +in O +the O +preparation O +and O +stability O +of O +gold B-Chemical +markers O +of O +various O +sizes O +and O +of O +probes O +have O +been O +reviewed O +and O +modifications O +in O +methodology O +suggested O +based O +on O +a O +study O +of O +factors O +affecting O +the O +performance O +of O +the O +gold B-Chemical +marker O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +main O +therapy O +relies O +on O +selective O +beta O +- O +agonists O +in O +combination O +with O +steroids B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Regression O +of O +these O +two O +abnormalities O +is O +obtained O +after O +administration O +of O +prednisolone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Recent O +studies O +have O +shown O +that O +the O +explanation O +given O +for O +the O +analgesic O +effects O +of O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +based O +only O +upon O +modification O +of O +pain O +interpretation O +is O +not O +valid O +at O +the O +present O +time O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +attempted O +to O +use O +this O +interpretation O +to O +explain O +the O +regular O +and O +constant O +efficacy O +of O +tiapride B-Chemical +against O +pain O +generally O +and O +particularly O +in O +headaches O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +messenger O +function O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +in O +cell O +activation O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +propose O +that O +the O +inhibition O +of O +protein O +synthesis O +by O +patulin O +may O +result O +from O +an O +interaction O +of O +the O +drug O +with O +active O +SH O +groups O +at O +the O +membrane O +level O +( O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +transport O +, O +ion O +equilibrium O +) O +and O +/ O +or O +at O +the O +cytoplasmic O +level O +( O +enzymes O +and O +factors O +involved O +in O +the O +translational O +process O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +is O +initial O +increase O +in O +pH O +that O +promotes O +greater O +glucose B-Chemical +utilization O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibition O +of O +aggregation O +by O +PGE1 B-Chemical +or O +cyclic O +AMP O +was O +facilitated O +as O +a O +result O +of O +storage O +. O + +aps B-category +Intercellular O +junctions O +permeable O +to O +fluorescein B-Chemical +Na O +were O +studied O +with O +the O +aid O +of O +intracellular O +glass O +microelectrodes O +in O +the O +cultures O +of O +transformed O +mouse O +- O +embryo O +cells O +( O +L O +- O +strain O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Lack O +of O +concordance O +with O +occurrence O +of O +oestrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +receptor O +proteins O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +results O +demonstrate O +that O +the O +FF O +- O +technique O +detects O +all O +types O +of O +mammary O +carcinoma O +cells O +irrespective O +of O +their O +concentration O +of O +oestrogen B-Chemical +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +response O +of O +tibial O +metaphyses O +to O +pharmacologic O +levels O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +D I-Chemical +in O +uremic O +rats O +fed O +a O +low O +calcium B-Chemical +diet O +was O +evaluated O +morphometrically O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pathogenesis O +of O +worsening O +osteomalacia O +as O +a O +consequence O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +D I-Chemical +administration O +to O +uremic O +rats O +on O +a O +low O +calcium B-Chemical +diet O +remains O +unclear O +. O + +aps B-category +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Deoxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +galactose I-Chemical +, O +in O +a O +dose O +of O +3 O +mmol O +/ O +kg O +, O +was O +administered O +intraperitoneally O +twice O +daily O +to O +young O +rats O +for O +periods O +up O +to O +12 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +UTP O +deficiency O +was O +excluded O +by O +simultaneous O +uridine B-Chemical +injections O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +marked O +, O +although O +transient O +, O +drop O +in O +the O +hepatic O +content O +of O +inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +triggered O +the O +catabolism O +of O +adenine O +nucleotides O +and O +a O +loss O +of O +ATP O +. O + +aps B-category +Increasing O +with O +time O +, O +repeated O +doses O +of O +the O +galactose B-Chemical +analog O +led O +to O +retardation O +and O +arrest O +of O +growth O +, O +hepatomegaly O +, O +and O +splenomegaly O +. O + +aps B-category +Phosphate O +trapping O +and O +its O +metabolic O +consequences O +are O +common O +phenomena O +in O +the O +experimental O +injury O +induced O +b O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deoxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +galactose I-Chemical +and O +in O +some O +hereditary O +diseases O +such O +as O +uridylyltransferase O +deficiency O +galactosaemia O +, O +fructose O +intolerance O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphatase I-Chemical +deficiency O +. 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O + +aps B-category +When O +cells O +pretreated O +with O +actinomycin O +D O +were O +incubated O +with O +radioactive O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +and O +uridine B-Chemical +, O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +uptake O +in O +the O +nucleolus O +still O +occurred O +, O +while O +uridine B-Chemical +uptake O +was O +almost O +completely O +eliminated O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Use O +of O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blocking O +agents O +and O +anabolic O +steroids B-Chemical +in O +ischemic O +heart O +disease O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +and O +ATP O +were O +injected O +in O +the O +carotid O +artery O +and O +the O +blood O +samples O +were O +withdrawn O +from O +the O +portal O +vein O +. O + +aps B-category +ATP O +could O +increase O +the O +sensitivity O +of O +the O +diabetic O +rats O +to O +glucose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +could O +be O +possible O +that O +one O +of O +the O +causes O +of O +diabetes O +is O +a O +defect O +in O +the O +purinergic O +innervation O +of O +the O +islet O +cells O +thus O +the O +sensitivity O +of O +the O +islets O +to O +glucose B-Chemical +is O +decreased O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Skeletal O +muscles O +and O +the O +potassium B-Chemical +balance O +in O +acute O +massive O +blood O +loss O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Haloperidol B-Chemical +, O +diazepam B-Chemical +, O +medazepam O +, O +desipramin O +and O +a O +new O +substance O +, O +the O +MPP O +- O +sulton O +, O +caused O +significant O +modification O +in O +latency O +and O +amplitude O +of O +some O +components O +of O +the O +potentials O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclic O +nucleotide B-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +the O +mouse O +spleen O +after O +treatment O +with O +tilorone O +hydrochloride O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Alaphosphin O +was O +equally O +effective O +against O +penicillin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +susceptible I-Chemical +and O +- O +resistant O +strains O +and O +showed O +no O +cross O +- O +resistance O +with O +known O +antibiotics O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +compounds O +were O +also O +found O +to O +increase O +basal O +and O +evoked O +release O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +from O +synaptosomes O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +general O +, O +as O +the O +degree O +of O +Mg O ++ O ++ O +- O +ATPase O +inhibition O +increased O +, O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +release O +was O +increased O +. O + +aps B-category +Pharmacological O +and O +biochemical O +studies O +on O +a O +new O +potential O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +, O +N O +- O +( O +1 O +- O +benzyl O +- O +3 O +- O +pyrrolidinyl O +) O +- O +5 O +- O +chloro O +- O +2 O +- O +methoxy O +- O +4 O +- O +methylaminobenzamide O +( O +YM O +- O +08050 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +YM O +- O +08050 O +was O +more O +potent O +than O +either O +HPD O +or O +CPZ O +in O +inhibitory O +effects O +on O +a O +variety O +of O +behaviors O +such O +as O +apomorphine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +stereotypes O +behavior O +and O +emesis O +, O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +stereotyped O +behavior O +, O +conditioned O +avoidance O +response O +and O +open O +field O +behavior O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +rodent O +antinociceptive O +test O +, O +the O +action O +of O +20681 O +- O +S O +was O +more O +potent O +and O +of O +longer O +duration O +than O +that O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +of O +cyclazocine O +after O +subcutaneous O +or O +oral O +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +compounds O +possessed O +potent O +narcotic O +antagonistic O +activities O +, O +20682 O +- O +S O +being O +more O +active O +than O +naloxone B-Chemical +and O +oxilorphan O +and O +20681 O +- O +S O +being O +equipotent O +with O +cyclazocine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stimulus O +- O +response O +relationships O +were O +all O +found O +to O +be O +non O +- O +linear O +, O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +the O +predictions O +of O +classical O +receptor O +theory O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +order O +to O +obtain O +an O +estimate O +of O +the O +range O +of O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +resistance O +regulation O +in O +the O +coronary O +vascular O +system O +, O +the O +following O +studies O +were O +performed O +: O +in O +15 O +anesthetized O +dogs O +the O +circumflex O +coronary O +artery O +was O +cannulated O +and O +perfused O +with O +above O +- O +normal O +constant O +pressure O +to O +that O +coronary O +venous O +oxygen B-Chemical +tension O +never O +fell O +below O +40 O +mmHg O +. O + +aps B-category +phentolamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +that O +binding O +to O +the O +s2 O +- O +subsite O +of O +papain O +may O +be O +coupled O +with O +catalytically O +relevant O +structural O +change O +involving O +the O +cysteine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +25 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +histidine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +159 I-Chemical +diad O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +short O +- O +chain O +probes O +, O +2 O +, O +2 O +' O +- O +dipyridyl O +disulphide O +and O +n O +- O +propyl O +2 O +- O +pyridyl O +disulphide O +, O +react O +at O +pH6 O +in O +adsorptive O +complexes O +and O +/ O +or O +transition O +states O +with O +geometries O +that O +do O +not O +permit O +hydrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bonding I-Chemical +of O +the O +pyridyl O +nitrogen B-Chemical +atom O +with O +the O +active O +- O +centre O +imidazolium O +ion O +, O +as O +evidenced O +by O +the O +rate O +minima O +at O +pH6 O +and O +the O +rate O +maxima O +at O +pH4 O +provided O +by O +reagent O +protonation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dependence O +on O +pH O +in O +acidic O +media O +of O +k O +for O +the O +reaction O +of O +2 O +, O +2 O +' O +- O +dipyridyl O +disulphide O +with O +actinidin O +, O +the O +thiol B-Chemical +proteinase O +from O +Actinidia O +chinensis O +, O +was O +shown O +to O +differ O +from O +the O +forms O +of O +pH O +- O +dependence O +observed O +for O +the O +analogous O +reactions O +with O +papain O +( O +EC O +3 O +. O +4 O +. O +22 O +. O +2 O +) O +and O +ficin O +( O +3 O +. O +4 O +. O +22 O +. O +3 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Wheat O +- O +germ O +aspartate B-Chemical +transcarbamoylase O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +chloroperoxidase O +, O +indole O +was O +oxidized O +by O +H2O2 B-Chemical +to O +give O +oxindole O +as O +the O +major O +product O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +the O +possibility O +that O +chloroperoxidase O +oxidation O +of O +the O +carbon B-Chemical +atom O +adjacent O +to O +the O +nitrogen B-Chemical +atom O +in O +part O +results O +from O +hydrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bonding I-Chemical +of O +the O +substrate O +N O +- O +H O +group O +to O +the O +enzyme O +active O +site O +. O + +aps B-category +Periodate O +- O +oxidized O +NADP O ++ O +inhibits O +the O +catalytic O +activity O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +from O +Candida O +utilis O +, O +competing O +with O +NADP O ++ O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +showed O +the O +lack O +of O +cysteine B-Chemical +and O +cystine O +residues O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +molecular O +weight O +of O +the O +polypeptide O +chain O +was O +determined O +to O +be O +32800 O ++ O +/ O +- O +800 O +by O +sedimentation O +equilibrium O +in O +6 O +M O +- O +guanidinium O +chloride B-Chemical +and O +0 O +. O +1 O +M O +- O +2 O +- O +mercaptoethanol O +. O + +aps B-category +Linked O +transport O +of O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +potassium B-Chemical +ions O +and O +protons O +in O +Escherichia O +coli O +. O + +aps B-category +Chronic O +administration O +of O +pyrazole O +in O +the O +diet O +of O +rats O +does O +not O +cause O +toxicity O +and O +prevents O +the O +chronic O +effects O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +on O +: O +( O +1 O +) O +the O +redox O +states O +of O +the O +hepatic O +NAD O +( O +P O +) O +couples O +; O +( O +2 O +) O +liver O +tryptophan B-Chemical +pyrrolase O +activity O +; O +( O +3 O +) O +brain O +tryptophan B-Chemical +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relative O +effects O +of O +9 O +, O +10 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +anthraquinone I-Chemical +and O +9 O +, O +10 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +anthraquinone I-Chemical +2 O +- O +sulphonate O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +dithionite O +suggested O +that O +the O +site O +of O +attack O +of O +redox O +reagents O +was O +protected O +behind O +a O +hydrophobic O +barrier O +from O +the O +external O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +Adrenaline B-Chemical +and O +the O +regulation O +of O +acetyl O +- O +coenzyme O +A O +carboxylase O +in O +rat O +epididymal O +adipose O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +Incorporation O +of O +32Pi O +into O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +carboxylase O +within O +intact O +fat O +- O +cells O +was O +investigated O +and O +evidence O +is O +presented O +that O +adrenaline B-Chemical +increases O +the O +extent O +of O +phosphorylation O +of O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +adrenaline B-Chemical +on O +the O +kinetic O +properties O +of O +acetyl O +- O +CoA O +carboxylase O +disappear O +if O +pad O +or O +cell O +extracts O +are O +treated O +with O +Mg2 O ++ O +and O +Ca2 O ++ O +under O +conditions O +that O +also O +lead B-Chemical +to O +dephosphorylation O +of O +the O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +distribution O +of O +the O +hydrolysis O +of O +1 O +- O +acyl O +- O +2 O +- O +[ O +1 O +- O +14C O +] O +arachidonoyl O +- O +sn O +- O +glycero O +- O +3 O +- O +phosphocholine O +and O +the O +simultaneous O +biosynthesis O +of O +prostaglandins B-Chemical +by O +subcellular O +fractions O +from O +human O +and O +rat O +skin O +membrane O +preparations O +were O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +hydrolysis O +of O +phosphatidylcholine O +by O +the O +skin O +105000g O +particulate O +fraction O +was O +inhibited O +by O +cortisol B-Chemical +and O +triamcinolone B-Chemical +acetonide O +and O +it O +was O +stimulated O +by O +histamine B-Chemical +, O +bradykinin B-Chemical +, O +retinoic O +acid O +and O +cholera O +enterotoxin O +( O +freeze O +- O +dried O +Vibrio O +cholerae O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +last O +results O +suggest O +that O +the O +amplication O +of O +the O +hydrolysis O +of O +phosphatidylcholine O +by O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +E2 I-Chemical +and O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +F2 I-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +, O +with O +the O +consequent O +release O +of O +arachidonic O +acid O +( O +the O +substrate O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +synthesis O +) O +is O +likely O +a O +positive O +- O +feedback O +regulation O +of O +the O +arachidonic O +acid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +prostaglandin I-Chemical +cascade O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +islet O +content O +of O +2 O +- O +oxo O +acid O +radioactivity O +was O +not O +affected O +by O +either O +2 O +- O +cyano O +- O +3 O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +cinnamate O +( O +10mM O +) O +or O +pyruvate B-Chemical +( O +10mM O +) O +, O +although O +both O +these O +substances O +inhibited O +the O +oxidation O +of O +[ O +U O +- O +14C O +] O +4 O +- O +methyl O +- O +2 O +- O +oxopentanoate O +by O +islet O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +with O +the O +3H O +- O +and O +14C O +- O +labelled O +substrate O +revealed O +that O +4 O +- O +methyl O +- O +2 O +- O +oxopentanoate O +was O +incorporated O +by O +islets O +into O +CO2 O +, O +water O +, O +acetoacetate O +, O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical +and O +to O +a O +lesser O +extent O +into O +islet O +protein O +and O +lipid O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amination O +of O +4 O +- O +methyl O +- O +2 O +- O +oxopentanoate O +by O +islets O +was O +attributed O +to O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +branched O +- O +chain O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +aminotransferase O +( O +EC O +2 O +. O +6 O +. O +1 O +. O +42 O +) O +activity O +in O +the O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +islet O +[ O +NADPH B-Chemical +] O +/ O +[ O +NADP O ++ O +] O +ratio O +, O +however O +, O +was O +tightly O +correlated O +with O +parameters O +of O +metabolic O +flux O +, O +45Ca O +uptake O +and O +insulin O +release O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +accumulation O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +in O +the O +soluble O +cell O +pool O +is O +pH O +- O +independent O +at O +a O +value O +equivalent O +to O +100 O +mV O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amount O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +uptake O +is O +the O +result O +of O +a O +kinetic O +steady O +state O +between O +influx O +and O +efflux O +pathways O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Considerable O +differences O +in O +dose O +( O +atenolol B-Chemical +138 O ++ O +/ O +- O +13 O +mg O +daily O +; O +labetalol B-Chemical +308 O ++ O +/ O +- O +34 O +mg O +daily O +; O +metoprolol B-Chemical +234 O ++ O +/ O +- O +22 O +mg O +daily O +; O +and O +pindolol B-Chemical +24 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +mg O +daily O +were O +required O +to O +produce O +similar O +antihypertensive O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +Sleep O +disturbances O +and O +abnormal O +dreaming O +patterns O +were O +most O +frequent O +with O +pindolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +pharmacology O +of O +labetalol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +striatal O +m O +- O +tyramine O +showed O +a O +tendency O +to O +increase O +, O +although O +only O +in O +the O +cases O +of O +haloperidol B-Chemical +and O +( O ++ O +) O +- O +butaclamol O +were O +the O +differences O +statistically O +significant O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Ranitidine B-Chemical +( O +AH O +19065 O +) O +: O +a O +new O +potent O +, O +selective O +histamine B-Chemical +H2 O +- O +receptor O +antagonist O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Use O +of O +an O +in O +vitro O +hippocampal O +slice O +preparation O +in O +studies O +of O +the O +actions O +of O +the O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +of O +conflicting O +reports O +of O +the O +actions O +of O +the O +antiparkinsonian O +agent O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +prolyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glycine I-Chemical +amide O +( O +PLG O +, O +MIF O +- O +I O +) O +on O +the O +turnover O +of O +striatal O +dopamine B-Chemical +( O +DA O +) O +, O +this O +process O +was O +reinvestigated O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +proposed O +antipsychotic O +neuropeptide O +des O +- O +tyrosine1 O +- O +gamma O +- O +endorphin O +( O +DT O +gamma O +E O +, O +beta O +LPH62 O +, O +77 O +) O +inhibits O +in O +vivo O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +spiperone I-Chemical +binding O +in O +the O +hypothalamus O +, O +corpus O +striatum O +and O +mesolimbic O +areas O +of O +rat O +brain O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +vivo O +occupation O +of O +cerebral O +histamine B-Chemical +H1 O +- O +receptors O +evaluated O +with O +3H O +- O +mepyramine O +may O +predict O +sedative O +properties O +of O +psychotropic O +drugs O +. O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +hydroxide O +: O +the O +ultimate O +medicament O +? O + +aps B-category +Regulation O +of O +glutamine B-Chemical +synthetase O +messenger O +ribonucleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +in O +connidia O +of O +Neurospora O +crassa O +. O + +aps B-category +Not O +only O +cholesterol B-Chemical +but O +also O +bilirubin B-Chemical +were O +considered O +to O +be O +solubilized O +by O +bile B-Chemical +salt I-Chemical +micelles O +. O + +aps B-category +Cholesterol B-Chemical +solubilization O +was O +usually O +reduced O +to O +some O +extent O +with O +increasing O +amount O +of O +added O +bilirubin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +found O +that O +the O +addition O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +increased O +cholesterol B-Chemical +solubilization O +in O +conjugated O +bile O +salts O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Cholesterol B-Chemical +solubilization O +in O +conjugated O +bile O +salts O +system O +was O +relatively O +lower O +than O +unconjugated O +bile O +salts O +system O +with O +or O +without O +added O +calcium B-Chemical +, O +however O +co O +- O +existing O +bilirubin B-Chemical +minimized O +these O +differences O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +contrary O +, O +it O +was O +remarkably O +bigger O +in O +unconjugated O +bile O +salts B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +calcium I-Chemical +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Pepsin O +5 O +is O +alkali B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stable I-Chemical +, O +retaining O +100 O +% O +of O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +published O +methods O +for O +determining O +the O +alkali B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stable I-Chemical +fraction O +of O +the O +peptic O +activity O +of O +gastric O +juice O +gave O +, O +respectively O +, O +in O +our O +hands O +values O +of O +45 O +. O +4 O +- O +80 O +. O +0 O +% O +and O +27 O +. O +5 O +- O +43 O +. O +9 O +% O +of O +the O +total O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Candida O +utilis O +cultivated O +under O +batch O +conditions O +in O +a O +synthetic O +medium O +with O +a O +mixture O +of O +different O +carbon B-Chemical +sources O +utilized O +first O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +and O +then O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +galactose I-Chemical +, O +D O +- O +mannose O +, O +D O +- O +xylose O +, O +L O +- O +arabinose O +, O +ethanol B-Chemical +and O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +At O +pH O +4 O +. O +5 O +, O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +at O +a O +concentration O +of O +1 O +g O +/ O +l O +increased O +the O +specific O +growth O +rate O +, O +reduced O +time O +of O +cultivation O +and O +increased O +yield O +of O +the O +yeast O +dry O +weight O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +higher O +content O +of O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +3 O +- O +- O +6 O +g O +/ O +l O +) O +the O +yield O +was O +only O +18 O +- O +- O +26 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +addition O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +also O +resulted O +in O +an O +increase O +of O +the O +production O +and O +yield O +of O +the O +yeast O +dry O +weight O +but O +the O +cultivation O +time O +was O +prolonged O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +due O +to O +physiology O +of O +the O +yeast O +, O +it O +is O +most O +suitable O +to O +cultivate O +a O +strain O +adapted O +to O +utilizable O +carbon B-Chemical +sources O +in O +a O +continuous O +way O +, O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +their O +limiting O +concentrations O +in O +the O +cultivation O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +Factors O +affecting O +protein O +synthesis O +during O +biotin B-Chemical +deficiency O +in O +Aspergillus O +nidulans O +. O + +aps B-category +Likewise O +, O +the O +activities O +of O +NADP O ++ O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +, O +NAD O ++ O +gluatmate O +dehydrogenase O +, O +aspartate B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +and O +alanine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +were O +significantly O +increased O +. O + +aps B-category +Supplementation O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +, O +aspartate B-Chemical +, O +serine O +, O +leucine B-Chemical +and O +methionine B-Chemical +to O +the O +culture O +medium O +raised O +the O +rRNA O +/ O +tRNA O +ratio O +, O +and O +the O +difference O +observed O +in O +the O +qualitative O +and O +the O +quantitative O +patterns O +of O +protein O +and O +dry O +cell O +mass O +between O +normal O +and O +biotin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deficient I-Chemical +cultures O +was O +abolished O +. O + +aps B-category +Pretreatment O +with O +L O +- O +histidine O +precursor O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +was O +found O +to O +delay O +the O +onset O +, O +shorten O +the O +duration O +and O +decrease O +the O +intensity O +of O +stereotyped O +behaviour O +induced O +by O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +while O +chlorcylizine O +a O +H1 O +receptor O +blocker O +was O +found O +not O +only O +to O +potentiate O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +induced O +sterotyped O +behaviour O +but O +also O +to O +block O +the O +inhibitory O +effect O +of O +L O +- O +histidine O +on O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +stereotypy O +. O + +aps B-category +Intracerebroventricular O +administration O +of O +adrenaline B-Chemical +, O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +phenylephrine B-Chemical +, O +clonidine B-Chemical +and O +histamine B-Chemical +produced O +a O +significant O +rise O +in O +plasma O +cortisol B-Chemical +concentration O +whereas O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +had O +no O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Central O +pretreatment O +with O +yohimbine B-Chemical +or O +piperoxin O +, O +blocked O +the O +rise O +in O +plasma O +cortisol B-Chemical +level O +induced O +by O +icv O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +, O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +and O +clonidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Central O +histamine B-Chemical +induced O +rise O +in O +plasma O +cortisol B-Chemical +concentration O +was O +significantly O +blocked O +by O +icv O +pretreatment O +with O +both O +H1 O +and O +H2 O +receptor O +blockers O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +new O +assays O +for O +saliva O +- O +mediated O +aggregation O +of O +oral O +bacteria O +have O +been O +developed O +, O +based O +on O +the O +use O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +thymidine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +labeled I-Chemical +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +there O +was O +a O +consistent O +difference O +between O +the O +rates O +of O +lysis O +by O +this O +enzyme O +of O +organisms O +grown O +in O +0 O +. O +2 O +% O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +0 O +. O +5 O +% O +glucose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +At O +a O +constant O +dilution O +rate O +of O +D O += O +0 O +. O +1 O +h O +- O +1 O +and O +with O +either O +0 O +. O +5 O +% O +glucose B-Chemical +or O +0 O +. O +5 O +% O +sucrose B-Chemical +, O +the O +amounts O +of O +both O +cellular O +and O +extracellular O +lipoteichoic O +acid O +increased O +as O +the O +culture O +pH O +increased O +from O +5 O +. O +0 O +to O +7 O +. O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +Organisms O +grown O +in O +0 O +. O +5 O +% O +sucrose B-Chemical +at O +pH O +6 O +. O +0 O +contained O +increasing O +amounts O +of O +cellular O +lipoteichoic O +acid O +as O +the O +dilution O +rate O +was O +increased O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +culture O +fluids O +from O +both O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +and O +sucrose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +grown I-Chemical +organisms O +contained O +detectable O +amounts O +of O +serotype O +c O +antigen O +, O +whereas O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +grown I-Chemical +cultures O +also O +contained O +significant O +amounts O +of O +an O +extracellular O +hexose O +- O +containing O +polymer O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +group O +6 O +polysaccharides O +were O +linear O +copolymers O +composed O +of O +1 O +mol O +each O +of O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +galactose I-Chemical +, O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +, O +l O +- O +rhamnose O +, O +and O +d O +- O +ribitol O +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +comparison O +was O +made O +of O +the O +properties O +of O +Streptococcus O +mutans O +Ingbritt O +grown O +in O +continuous O +culture O +under O +conditions O +of O +excess O +glucose B-Chemical +( O +nitrogen B-Chemical +limitation O +) O +and O +limiting O +glucose B-Chemical +at O +mean O +generation O +times O +of O +1 O +. O +7 O +to O +14 O +h O +. O +Only O +low O +levels O +of O +glucoamylase O +- O +specific O +glycogen O +were O +formed O +in O +cells O +from O +either O +culture O +, O +and O +the O +total O +carbohydrate O +content O +of O +the O +cells O +under O +excess O +glucose B-Chemical +was O +only O +at O +most O +1 O +. O +6 O +- O +fold O +higher O +than O +in O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +limited I-Chemical +culture O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +i O +) O +Lactate B-Chemical +was O +the O +main O +end O +product O +of O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +excess I-Chemical +culture O +, O +whereas O +acetate O +, O +formate O +, O +and O +ethanol B-Chemical +were O +the O +main O +products O +of O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +limited I-Chemical +culture O +except O +at O +a O +mean O +generation O +time O +of O +1 O +. O +5 O +, O +when O +lactate B-Chemical +represented O +30 O +% O +of O +the O +products O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +iii O +) O +Washed O +cells O +from O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +limited I-Chemical +culture O +were O +much O +more O +acidogenic O +( O +1 O +. O +7 O +- O +to O +6 O +. O +2 O +- O +fold O +) O +than O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +excess I-Chemical +cells O +when O +incubated O +with O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +sucrose B-Chemical +, O +and O +fructose O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +iv O +) O +Cells O +from O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +excess I-Chemical +culture O +were O +more O +insensitive O +to O +fluoride B-Chemical +than O +cells O +from O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +limited I-Chemical +culture O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +analysis O +indicated O +that O +rapidly O +metabolizing O +cells O +were O +more O +sensitive O +to O +fluoride B-Chemical +than O +cells O +that O +metabolized O +the O +sugars O +more O +slowly O +. O + +aps B-category +Postmortem O +analysis O +of O +liver O +obtained O +2 O +weeks O +after O +the O +child O +was O +treated O +with O +vitamin B-Chemical +B12 I-Chemical +revealed O +deficient O +activity O +of O +both O +cobalamin O +dependent O +enzymes O +: O +N5 O +- O +methyltetrahydrofolate O +: O +homocysteine O +methyltransferase O +( O +requiring O +Me O +- O +Cbl O +) O +, O +and O +methylmalonyl O +CoA O +mutase O +( O +requiring O +Ado O +- O +Cbl O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Immunocytochemical O +localization O +of O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxylase I-Chemical +and O +phenylethanolamine O +- O +N O +- O +methyltransferase O +in O +the O +adrenal O +glands O +of O +the O +frog O +and O +rat O +by O +a O +peroxidase O +- O +antiperoxidase O +method O +. O + +aps B-category +TH O +was O +localized O +in O +the O +ground O +substance O +of O +the O +adrenaline B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +containing I-Chemical +cells O +and O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +containing I-Chemical +cells O +, O +but O +not O +in O +the O +nucleus O +or O +in O +the O +mitochondria O +. O + +aps B-category +Brain O +abscess O +secondary O +to O +bacterial O +endocarditis O +in O +a O +heroin B-Chemical +addict O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +also O +catalyzes O +some O +other O +extension O +reactions O +, O +such O +as O +, O +acetyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical ++ O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical ++ O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +leads O +to O +leupeptin O +acid O +, O +and O +acetyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical ++ O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical +leads O +to O +acetyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical +, O +but O +neither O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical ++ O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +leads O +to O +( O +L O +- O +leucyl O +) O +1 O +- O +- O +2 O +- O +L O +- O +argining O +, O +nor O +acetyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical ++ O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +leads O +to O +acetyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Histamine B-Chemical +, O +tyramine O +, O +tryptamine O +and O +electrolytes O +during O +glucose B-Chemical +induced O +lactic O +acidosis O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +studying O +five O +cows O +during O +the O +peripartal O +period O +a O +spontaneous O +and O +transient O +increase O +in O +the O +concentrations O +of O +VFA O +and O +a O +soluble O +marker O +( O +PEG O +) O +as O +well O +as O +a O +drop O +in O +pH O +and O +in O +the O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +concentrations O +not O +related O +to O +feeding O +was O +observed O +in O +two O +animals O +that O +were O +sampled O +several O +hours O +before O +parturition O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +experiments O +were O +conducted O +with O +ruminally O +fistulated O +wether O +lambs O +to O +determine O +the O +effect O +of O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +addition O +to O +a O +hay O +diet O +on O +rumen O +lactate B-Chemical +metabolism O +, O +blood O +acid O +- O +base O +status O +and O +subsequent O +adaptation O +to O +a O +high O +concentrate O +diet O +. O + +aps B-category +2 O +, O +lambs O +were O +fed O +alfalfa O +- O +brome O +hay O +( O +H O +) O +( O +six O +lambs O +) O +, O +H O +plus O +2 O +. O +5 O +% O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +H2 O +. O +5L O +) O +( O +six O +lambs O +) O +or O +H O +plus O +5 O +% O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +H5L O +) O +( O +four O +lambs O +) O +during O +phase O +I O +, O +then O +switched O +to O +a O +70 O +% O +concentrate O +diet O +( O +3 O +days O +) O +followed O +by O +a O +90 O +% O +concentrate O +diet O +( O +10 O +days O +) O +( O +phase O +II O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Blood O +samples O +were O +taken O +to O +measure O +acid O +- O +base O +status O +, O +serum O +lactate B-Chemical +, O +and O +serum O +calcium B-Chemical +, O +magnesium B-Chemical +and O +phosphorus B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Blood O +data O +from O +both O +experiments O +indicated O +a O +deleterious O +effect O +of O +dietary O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +on O +blood O +acid O +- O +base O +balance O +; O +however O +, O +this O +treatment O +effect O +was O +not O +manifested O +in O +any O +symptoms O +of O +acute O +acidosis O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +Experiment O +1 O +, O +serum O +calcium B-Chemical +increased O +linearly O +( O +P O +less O +than O +. O +05 O +) O +in O +response O +to O +dietary O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +level O +. O + +aps B-category +2 O +, O +but O +there O +were O +no O +clear O +treatment O +effects O +during O +phase O +II O +on O +rumen O +fluid O +pH O +or O +lactate B-Chemical +, O +or O +feed O +intake O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +both O +experiments O +, O +the O +proportion O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lactate I-Chemical +in O +rumen O +fluid O +decreased O +from O +almost O +100 O +to O +about O +50 O +% O +of O +total O +lactate B-Chemical +by O +the O +end O +of O +phase O +II O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +complex O +formed O +between O +the O +alkaloid O +and O +methyl O +orange O +at O +pH O +5 O +. O +0 O +is O +extracted O +with O +chloroform B-Chemical +and O +treated O +with O +0 O +. O +1N O +NaOH B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +Determination O +of O +butaperazine O +in O +biological O +fluids O +by O +gas O +chromatography O +using O +nitrogen B-Chemical +specific O +detection O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +morphological O +and O +biochemical O +changes O +that O +occur O +after O +inoculation O +of O +sterile O +blood O +into O +a O +blood O +culture O +medium O +( O +tryptic O +soy O +broth O +) O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +polyanetholesulfonate O +and O +CO O +( O +2 O +) O +were O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +evaluates O +the O +ability O +of O +hydroxyzine B-Chemical +and O +various O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +to O +suppress O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +pruritus O +in O +ten O +volunteer O +subjects O +with O +the O +use O +of O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +crossover O +protocol O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Nitroglycerin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +the I-Chemical +first O +one O +hundred O +years O +: O +new O +facts O +about O +an O +old O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +Direct O +and O +reflex O +effects O +of O +nitroglycerin B-Chemical +on O +the O +blood O +volume O +distribution O +, O +evaluated O +by O +regional O +weighing O +in O +the O +cat O +. O + +aps B-category +bolus O +injection O +of O +nitroglycerin B-Chemical +produced O +a O +dose O +- O +dependent O +decrease O +in O +arterial O +pressure O +accompanying O +a O +decrease O +in O +the O +thoracic O +blood O +volume O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +secondary O +reflex O +adjustments O +tend O +to O +minimize O +the O +direct O +effects O +of O +nitroglycerin B-Chemical +on O +the O +blood O +pressure O +and O +blood O +volume O +distribution O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Methysergide O +( O +3 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +) O +suppressed O +the O +contraction O +elicited O +by O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +or O +histamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +augmentation O +of O +the O +response O +to O +ACh O +by O +physostigmine B-Chemical +was O +unaffected O +by O +hemicholinium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +depolarized O +vas O +deferens O +after O +exposure O +to O +30 O +mM O +KCl O +, O +methysergide B-Chemical +occasionally O +induced O +a O +sustained O +tonic O +contraction O +which O +was O +inhibited O +by O +atropine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +on O +pre O +- O +synaptic O +and O +post O +- O +synaptic O +alpha O +- O +adrenoceptors O +in O +the O +mouse O +vas O +deferens O +. O + +aps B-category +Bromocriptine B-Chemical +produced O +a O +non O +- O +competitive O +antagonism O +of O +contractile O +responses O +to O +NA O +( O +pD2 O +' O += O +7 O +. O +6 O +) O +and O +DA O +( O +pD2 O +' O += O +8 O +. O +0 O +) O +but O +had O +no O +effect O +on O +responses O +to O +carbachol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Yohimbine B-Chemical +selectively O +and O +rapidly O +reversed O +the O +inhibiting O +effects O +of O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +on O +single O +twitches O +, O +although O +they O +could O +not O +easily O +be O +reversed O +by O +washing O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +the O +mouse O +vas O +deferens O +does O +not O +appear O +to O +contain O +specific O +DA O +receptors O +and O +the O +results O +suggest O +that O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +acts O +as O +a O +pre O +- O +synaptic O +alpha O +- O +adrenoceptor O +agonist O +and O +post O +- O +synaptic O +alpha O +- O +adrenoceptor O +antagonist O +in O +this O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +Twenty O +- O +six O +mono O +- O +or O +bis O +- O +quaternary O +salts O +of O +3 O +, O +17 O +- O +dioxy O +- O +2 O +beta O +, O +16 O +beta O +- O +dipiperidino O +- O +5 O +alpha O +- O +androstanes O +( O +including O +pancuronium B-Chemical +) O +and O +one O +17 O +- O +desoxy O +congener O +were O +tested O +for O +neuromuscular O +blocking O +and O +autonomic O +blocking O +activities O +in O +the O +chloralose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +anaesthetized I-Chemical +cat O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +salient O +member O +of O +this O +series O +is O +3 O +alpha O +, O +17 O +beta O +- O +diacetoxy O +- O +2 O +beta O +, O +16 O +beta O +- O +dipiperidino O +- O +5 O +alpha O +- O +androstane O +16 O +beta O +- O +N O +- O +monomethobromide O +( O +Org O +NC B-Chemical +45 I-Chemical +) O +which O +is O +highly O +selective O +in O +blocking O +neuromuscular O +transmission O +in O +that O +a O +dose O +approximately O +sixty O +times O +greater O +than O +the O +neuromuscular O +blocking O +dose O +was O +required O +to O +block O +responses O +to O +vagal O +stimulation O +. O + +aps B-category +Moreover O +, O +pancuronium B-Chemical +and O +Org O +NC B-Chemical +45 I-Chemical +exhibited O +the O +same O +order O +of O +neuromuscular O +blocking O +activity O +and O +therefore O +the O +latter O +potentially O +represents O +a O +useful O +addition O +to O +the O +armamentarium O +of O +neuromuscular O +blocking O +agents O +currently O +in O +clinical O +use O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +phenacetin B-Chemical +, O +paracetamol B-Chemical +and O +caffeine B-Chemical +on O +the O +erosive O +activity O +of O +acetylsalicylic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +in O +the O +rat O +stomach O +: O +dose O +- O +response O +relationships O +, O +time O +course O +of O +erosion O +development O +and O +effects O +on O +acid O +secretion O +. O + +aps B-category +1 O +- O +( O +m O +- O +Chlorophenyl O +) O +piperazine B-Chemical +: O +a O +metabolite O +of O +trazodone B-Chemical +isolated O +from O +rat O +urine O +. O + +aps B-category +Chronic O +high O +dose O +propranolol B-Chemical +does O +not O +increase O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptor O +number O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +urinary O +recovery O +of O +chlorothiazide O +after O +oral O +administration O +showed O +appreciable O +interanimal O +variation O +and O +decreased O +from O +70 O +. O +4 O +% O +to O +26 O +. O +7 O +% O +on O +the O +average O +as O +the O +oral O +dose O +was O +increased O +from O +125 O +mg O +to O +750 O +mg O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +levels O +and O +beta O +- O +blocking O +effect O +of O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxymetoprolol I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +metabolite I-Chemical +of O +metoprolol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +in I-Chemical +the O +dog O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dose O +of O +the O +metabolite O +, O +however O +, O +had O +to O +be O +5 O +times O +higher O +than O +that O +of O +metoprolol B-Chemical +to O +induce O +the O +same O +degree O +of O +beta O +- O +blockade O +. O + +aps B-category +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +OH I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Metoprolol I-Chemical +was O +more O +slowly O +eliminated O +( O +t1 O +/ O +2 O +approximately O +7 O +. O +0 O +hr O +, O +total O +body O +clearance O +approximately O +3 O +. O +5 O +ml O +- O +kg O +- O +1 O +- O +min O +- O +1 O +) O +than O +metoprolol B-Chemical +( O +t O +1 O +/ O +2 O +approximately O +2 O +. O +0 O +hr O +, O +total O +body O +clearance O +approximately O +20 O +. O +0 O +ml O +- O +kg O +- O +1 O +- O +min O +- O +1 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +interaction O +of O +aluminum B-Chemical +hydroxycarbonate O +gel O +and O +magnesium B-Chemical +hydroxide O +gel O +on O +acid O +neutralization O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +method O +utilized O +lactoperoxidase O +, O +potassium B-Chemical +iodide O +, O +and O +a O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +oxidase O +system O +for O +the O +generation O +of O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +and O +l B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Increasing O +concentrations O +of O +resorcinol O +, O +a O +well O +- O +known O +inhibitor O +of O +thyroid O +peroxidase O +- O +catalyzed O +iodination O +, O +in O +the O +reaction O +mixture O +resulted O +in O +graded O +inhibition O +of O +the O +initial O +rate O +of O +lactoperoxidase O +- O +catalyzed O +l B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +iodination O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +colorimetric O +method O +based O +on O +the O +interaction O +between O +the O +chloramphenicol B-Chemical +degradation O +product O +1 O +- O +( O +4 O +' O +- O +nitrophenyl O +) O +- O +2 O +- O +aminopropane O +- O +1 O +, O +3 O +- O +diol O +and O +the O +2 O +, O +4 O +, O +6 O +- O +trinitrobenzenesulfonic O +acid O +reagent O +was O +developed O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +inhibitors O +on O +the O +relationship O +betweeen O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +and O +insulin O +- O +stimulated O +gastric O +hydrogen B-Chemical +ion O +concentration O +and O +flow O +in O +the O +cat O +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +ii O +) O +Injection O +of O +1 O +. O +6 O +x O +10 O +( O +4 O +) O +M O +- O +pure O +PKI O +before O +0 O +. O +03 O +M O +- O +cyclic O +AMP O +causes O +a O +marked O +reduction O +in O +the O +magnitude O +of O +the O +response O +of O +the O +Na O +efflux O +to O +the O +nucleotide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +( O +iv O +) O +Injection O +of O +100 O +mM O +- O +EGTA O +before O +PKI O +fails O +to O +alter O +the O +lowered O +response O +of O +the O +ouabain B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +insensitive I-Chemical +Na O +efflux O +to O +injection O +of O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +- O +cyclic O +AMP O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +iii O +) O +Radioimmunoassay O +of O +total O +cyclic O +AMP O +and O +cyclic O +GMP O +content O +in O +single O +fibres O +before O +and O +after O +acidification O +shows O +no O +appreciable O +alteration O +in O +nucleotide B-Chemical +content O +following O +acidificiation O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +ii O +) O +Benzolamide O +totally O +abolishes O +the O +response O +of O +the O +ouabain B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +insensitive I-Chemical +Na O +efflux O +to O +the O +injection O +of O +catalytic O +subunits O +. O + +aps B-category +Recovery O +of O +pHi O +in O +snail O +neurones O +exposed O +to O +high O +external O +potassium B-Chemical +[ O +proceedings O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Cardiovascular O +effects O +of O +propanolol B-Chemical +, O +alprenolol O +, O +oxprenolol B-Chemical +and O +CS O +- O +359 O +during O +halothane B-Chemical +anesthesia O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +and O +of O +blockaders O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Haemolysis O +of O +various O +mammalian O +erythrocytes O +in O +sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +, O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +phosphate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +buffer I-Chemical +solutions O +. O + +aps B-category +Haemolysis O +of O +human O +, O +rabbit O +, O +cow O +, O +hamster O +, O +guineapig O +, O +pig O +and O +sheep O +erythrocytes O +was O +not O +observed O +in O +solutions O +of O +0 O +. O +4 O +% O +or O +more O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +patient O +was O +treated O +with O +60 O +mg O +dehydroemetine O +during O +10 O +days O +and O +500 O +mg O +chloroquine B-Chemical +during O +the O +other O +next O +10 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +Values O +for O +the O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +threshold O +ranged O +from O +18 O +. O +5 O +to O +29 O +mmol O +/ O +liter O +of O +plasma O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +with O +a O +mean O +value O +of O +25 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2 O +. O +29 O +; O +they O +were O +not O +significantly O +different O +from O +the O +control O +values O +. O + +aps B-category +ICI O +125 O +, O +211 O +: O +a O +new O +gastric O +antisecretory O +agent O +acting O +on O +histamine B-Chemical +H2 O +- O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Hydrolysis O +of O +phosphatidylethanolamine O +by O +phospholipase O +A O +was O +accompanied O +by O +the O +accumulation O +of O +lysophosphatidylethanolamine O +( O +LPE O +) O +and O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +the O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Methanol O +, O +ethanol B-Chemical +, O +propanol O +, O +and O +isopropanol O +, O +added O +at O +concentrations O +which O +inhibited O +growth O +by O +50 O +% O +, O +stimulated O +phospholipase O +A O +, O +but O +not O +lysophospholipase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +NADP O +- O +specific O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +is O +not O +involved O +in O +repression O +of O +yeast O +sporulation O +by O +ammonia B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Aqueous O +solubilities O +, O +oleyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +: O +water O +and O +octanol O +: O +water O +partition O +coefficients O +, O +RM O +values O +, O +reduction O +in O +surface O +tension O +of O +water O +, O +relative O +antioxidant O +activities O +and O +pKa O +values O +, O +were O +determined O +for O +gallic O +acid O +and O +a O +series O +of O +its O +alkyl O +esters O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effect O +of O +cultivation O +conditions O +on O +growth O +of O +Candida O +lipolytica O +yeasts O +and O +alpha O +- O +ketoacid O +biosynthesis O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +thiamine B-Chemical +deficiency O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +If O +the O +initial O +thamine O +concentration O +was O +the O +same O +, O +then O +, O +irrespective O +of O +the O +carbon B-Chemical +source O +, O +the O +yeast O +biomass O +in O +a O +medium O +saturated O +with O +oxygen B-Chemical +by O +5 O +- O +- O +10 O +% O +was O +1 O +. O +5 O +- O +- O +2 O +. O +0 O +times O +higher O +than O +in O +a O +medium O +with O +60 O +- O +- O +90 O +% O +[ O +O2 O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +presence O +of O +a O +linear O +phase O +in O +the O +conditions O +of O +thiamine B-Chemical +deficiency O +suggests O +that O +here O +the O +growth O +of O +yeasts O +is O +determined O +by O +the O +constant O +activity O +of O +one O +of O +the O +thiamine B-Chemical +dependent O +enzymes O +per O +unit O +volume O +of O +the O +cultural O +broth O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +bacterium O +does O +not O +possess O +proteolytic O +activity O +and O +does O +not O +utilize O +albumen O +; O +in O +the O +conditions O +of O +nitrogen B-Chemical +deficiency O +, O +it O +can O +utilize O +free O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +the O +substrate O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Reovirus O +aggregated O +at O +pH O +4 O +and O +below O +, O +but O +was O +found O +to O +aggregate O +only O +in O +acetate O +or O +tris O +( O +hydroxymethyl O +) O +aminomethane B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +citrate I-Chemical +buffers O +at O +pH O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +both O +viruses O +, O +the O +most O +effective O +aggregation O +was O +induced O +by O +buffers O +having O +a O +substantial O +monovalently O +charged O +anionic O +component O +, O +such O +as O +acetate O +at O +pH O +5 O +and O +6 O +or O +citrate B-Chemical +at O +pH O +3 O +. O + +aps B-category +Abiotic O +factors O +affecting O +the O +toxicity O +of O +lead B-Chemical +to O +fungi O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +toxicity O +of O +Pb O +was O +potentiated O +under O +acidic O +conditions O +( O +pH O +5 O +and O +6 O +) O +, O +and O +phosphate B-Chemical +or O +carbonate O +anions O +reduced O +the O +toxicity O +, O +apparently O +as O +a O +result O +of O +the O +formation O +of O +sparingly O +soluble O +Pb O +salts O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +copper B-Chemical +on O +the O +sabellid O +polychaete O +, O +Eudistylia O +vancouveri O +: O +I O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +experiments O +with O +a O +sabellid O +polychaete O +( O +Eudistylia O +vancouveri O +) O +show O +the O +threshold O +concentration O +for O +increasing O +copper B-Chemical +accumulation O +with O +time O +to O +lie O +between O +3 O +and O +6 O +micrograms O +/ O +L O +total O +copper B-Chemical +in O +seawater O +during O +winter O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +studies O +indicate O +that O +the O +body O +burden O +of O +copper B-Chemical +will O +increase O +above O +natural O +levels O +in O +areas O +of O +industrial O +discharge O +where O +copper B-Chemical +levels O +are O +above O +the O +threshold O +limit O +for O +accumulation O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +enzyme O +which O +catalyzed O +the O +hydrolysis O +of O +crotoxyphos O +( O +( O +E O +) O +- O +1 O +- O +phenylethyl O +3 O +- O +[ O +( O +dimethoxyphosphinyl O +) O +oxy O +] O +- O +2 O +- O +butenoate O +) O +was O +isolated O +from O +nonsterile O +and O +radiation O +- O +sterilized O +Chehalis O +clay O +loam O +with O +1 O +. O +5M O +Tris O +( O +2 O +- O +( O +hydroxymethyl O +) O +- O +2 O +- O +nitro O +- O +1 O +, O +3 O +- O +propanediol O +) O +and O +partially O +purified O +with O +lead B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +hexachlorobenzene O +on O +enzymes O +of O +the O +steroid B-Chemical +metabolism O +in O +rat O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +alterations O +of O +the O +steroid B-Chemical +metabolism O +lead B-Chemical +to O +increased O +formation O +of O +5 O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +H I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +steroids I-Chemical +which O +are O +known O +to O +be O +inducers O +of O +the O +porphyrin O +biosynthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +granules O +occur O +near O +to O +others O +that O +are O +less O +dense O +, O +unreactive O +to O +" O +Masson O +" O +, O +and O +that O +contain O +an O +argyrophilic O +matrix O +, O +with O +an O +eccentric O +electron O +dense O +core O +, O +which O +does O +not O +react O +with O +silver B-Chemical +; O +" O +F O +- O +like O +" O +cells O +contain O +granules O +which O +are O +variable O +in O +shape O +, O +size O +and O +osmiophilia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitizing I-Chemical +activity O +was O +more O +dispersed O +, O +but O +its O +specific O +activity O +was O +also O +highest O +in O +the O +outer O +membrane O +fraction O +. O + +aps B-category +Variability O +of O +ionized O +calcium B-Chemical +with O +pH O +of O +normal O +urine O +. O + +aps B-category +Alteration O +of O +the O +enzymology O +of O +chloral O +hydrate O +reduction O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +antidepressant B-Chemical +and O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +on O +respiratory O +function O +of O +rat O +heart O +mitochondria O +. O + +aps B-category +Spectral O +evidences O +for O +metabolic O +conversion O +of O +methamphetamine B-Chemical +to O +N O +- O +hydroxyamphetamine O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +5 O +' O +- O +Nucleotidase O +by O +adenosine B-Chemical +is O +of O +non O +- O +competitive O +type O +, O +for O +both O +normal O +and O +liver O +cirrhotic O +sera O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +sodium B-Chemical +channel O +in O +non O +- O +impulsive O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +22Na O ++ O +influx O +analyses O +have O +shown O +that O +veratridine B-Chemical +and O +the O +sea O +anemone O +toxin O +produce O +an O +important O +increase O +of O +the O +initial O +rate O +of O +22Na O ++ O +influx O +into O +the O +C9 O +cell O +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulation O +of O +22Na O ++ O +entry O +into O +the O +cell O +through O +the O +sodium B-Chemical +channel O +maintained O +open O +by O +the O +gating O +system O +neurotoxins O +is O +completely O +suppressed O +by O +tetrodotoxin O +. O + +aps B-category +Limited O +proteolysis O +of O +this O +hemoglobin O +with O +subtilisin O +produces O +14 O +, O +800 O +and O +16 O +, O +500 O +dalton O +heme O +- O +containing O +polypeptides O +( O +domains O +) O +which O +bind O +oxygen B-Chemical +reversibly O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxygen O +binding O +properties O +of O +the O +intact O +hemoglobin O +show O +a O +low O +oxygen B-Chemical +affinity O +with O +a O +slight O +Bohr O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +molar O +ellipticity O +of O +the O +warfarin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +albumin I-Chemical +complex O +at O +310 O +nm O +increases O +with O +pH O +from O +6 O +to O +9 O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +findings O +give O +support O +to O +the O +assumption O +that O +the O +binding O +site O +for O +warfarin B-Chemical +on O +the O +albumin O +molecule O +is O +affected O +by O +the O +neutral O +- O +to O +- O +base O +transition O +in O +the O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +Transcutaneous O +oxygen B-Chemical +tension O +measurement O +during O +halothane B-Chemical +and O +neurolept O +anesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +Metoclopramide B-Chemical +and O +haloperidol B-Chemical +in O +tardive O +dyskinesia O +. O + +aps B-category +Tardive O +dyskinesia O +rating O +scores O +were O +improved O +significantly O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +6 O +hours O +after O +dosing O +by O +metoclopramide B-Chemical +40 O +mg O +, O +and O +haloperidol B-Chemical +5 O +mg O +and O +10 O +mg O +, O +when O +compared O +to O +placebo O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +monitoring O +the O +effects O +of O +single O +doses O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptor O +blocking O +drugs O +in O +patients O +with O +tardive O +dyskinesia O +it O +is O +possible O +to O +compare O +the O +relative O +potencies O +of O +these O +drugs O +on O +dopaminergic O +systems O +in O +vivo O +in O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +Placental O +and O +mammary O +transfer O +of O +sulphasalazine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +When O +introduced O +as O +a O +gas O +into O +the O +abdominal O +cavity O +of O +the O +rat O +, O +oxygen B-Chemical +above O +the O +initial O +concentration O +of O +10 O +% O +provokes O +vasodilatation O +, O +perivascular O +oedematous O +infiltrations O +and O +fluid O +formation O +. O + +aps B-category +F O +and O +R O +fimbriae O +differed O +slightly O +in O +their O +response O +to O +pH O +and O +freeze O +- O +thaw O +regimes O +but O +were O +similar O +in O +their O +resistance O +to O +hydrolytic O +enzymes O +, O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +, O +molecular O +weight O +, O +carbohydrate O +content O +, O +and O +antigenic O +determinants O +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +protein O +contained O +phosphate B-Chemical +or O +carbohydrate O +residues O +and O +both O +were O +found O +to O +contain O +N O +- O +methylphenylalanine O +at O +the O +amino B-Chemical +terminus O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +categories O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +substrates O +are O +defined O +for O +Rhizobium O +meliloti O +: O +the O +first O +favours O +the O +synthesis O +of O +exopolysaccharides O +( O +fructose O +belongs O +to O +this O +category O +) O +while O +the O +other O +is O +not O +suitable O +( O +glucose B-Chemical +belongs O +to O +this O +category O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +method O +used O +to O +stop O +this O +acidification O +allows O +with O +glucose B-Chemical +a O +synthesis O +which O +can O +be O +compared O +to O +the O +one O +obtained O +with O +fructose O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +mesophilic O +anaerobe O +, O +a O +member O +of O +the O +Bacteroidaceae O +family O +( O +NRC2248 O +) O +, O +isolated O +from O +a O +cellulose O +- O +enrichment O +culture O +, O +digested O +untreated O +Whatman O +cellulose O +powder O +and O +HCl O +- O +treated O +cotton O +battings O +while O +producing O +hydrogen B-Chemical +, O +carbon B-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +, O +cellobiose O +, O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +and O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +as O +the O +sole O +volatile O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +grew O +well O +in O +synthetic O +medium O +containing O +ammonium B-Chemical +salts O +as O +nitrogen B-Chemical +source O +and O +having O +a O +pH O +value O +of O +7 O +. O +0 O +- O +7 O +. O +1 O +and O +an O +Eh O +value O +of O +- O +160mV O +or O +lower O +. O + +aps B-category +Purification O +and O +some O +properties O +of O +uridine B-Chemical +diphosphate I-Chemical +N O +- O +acetylglucosamine O +pyrophosphorylase O +from O +Neurospora O +crassa O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +activity O +was O +highly O +stimulated O +by O +the O +addition O +of O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +or O +dithioerythritol O +but O +was O +lost O +by O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +inhibitory O +reagents O +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +the O +amide O +nitrogen B-Chemical +was O +used O +for O +growth O +since O +growth O +did O +not O +occur O +on O +aspartate B-Chemical +and O +aspartate B-Chemical +accumulated O +in O +the O +media O +when O +cells O +were O +either O +grown O +on O +asparagine O +or O +during O +short O +- O +term O +incubations O +with O +L O +- O +[ O +U O +- O +14C O +] O +asparagine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +behaved O +like O +a O +periplasmic O +space O +enzyme O +since O +( O +1 O +) O +breaking O +the O +cells O +did O +not O +release O +into O +solution O +more O +activity O +than O +was O +shown O +by O +whole O +cells O +and O +( O +2 O +) O +whole O +cells O +converted O +L O +- O +[ O +U O +- O +14C O +] O +asparagine O +to O +[ O +14C O +] O +aspartate B-Chemical +with O +little O +intracellular O +accumulation O +of O +radioactivity O +. O + +aps B-category +Monascus O +rubiginosus O +ATCC O +16367 O +was O +cultivated O +aerobically O +in O +media O +containing O +ammonium B-Chemical +and O +nitrate B-Chemical +as O +nitrogen B-Chemical +source O +. O + +aps B-category +More O +phosphate B-Chemical +was O +taken O +up O +on O +the O +nitrate B-Chemical +medium O +, O +but O +potassium B-Chemical +uptake O +did O +not O +start O +until O +24h O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +pH O +was O +adjusted O +, O +the O +uptakes O +changed O +, O +especially O +on O +the O +ammonium B-Chemical +medium O +where O +a O +great O +increase O +in O +phosphate B-Chemical +uptake O +was O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +pH O +of O +either O +media O +was O +adjusted O +, O +the O +development O +of O +conidia O +and O +pigment O +production O +changed O +to O +that O +of O +the O +other O +control O +medium O +where O +the O +pH O +evolved O +normally O +in O +the O +direction O +of O +the O +change O +, O +regardless O +of O +the O +source O +of O +nitrogen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activities O +of O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +( O +AP O +) O +, O +gamma O +- O +glutamyl O +- O +transpeptidase O +and O +leucine B-Chemical +aminopeptidase O +as O +well O +as O +the O +total O +bile B-Chemical +salt I-Chemical +concentration O +( O +Tbs O +) O +were O +measured O +in O +bile O +specimens O +collected O +spontaneously O +at O +7 O +and O +11 O +a O +. O +m O +. O +and O +4 O +and O +9 O +p O +. O +m O +. O +from O +the O +3rd O +- O +9th O +postoperative O +day O +of O +16 O +patients O +with O +T O +- O +tube O +insertion O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +the O +enterohepatic O +circulation O +of O +bile O +salts O +may O +lead B-Chemical +to O +the O +delivery O +of O +membrane O +- O +bound O +cholestatic O +enzymes O +into O +the O +bile O +canaliculi O +without O +damage O +to O +the O +hepatocyte O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +prospective O +study O +of O +181 O +patients O +suspected O +of O +having O +liver O +disease O +was O +carried O +out O +to O +determine O +the O +relative O +efficiencies O +of O +serum O +bilirubin B-Chemical +( O +total O +and O +direct O +) O +, O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +( O +AP O +) O +, O +gamma O +glutamyl O +transferase O +( O +GGT O +) O +, O +alanine B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +( O +ALT O +) O +, O +and O +aspartate B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +( O +AST O +) O +with O +respect O +to O +diagnosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Prolactin O +release O +by O +intravenous O +cimetidine B-Chemical +in O +man O +: O +evidence O +for O +a O +suprapituitary O +locus O +on O +action O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +serum O +prolactin O +response O +to O +cimetidine B-Chemical +was O +abolished O +by O +dopamine B-Chemical +infusion O +and O +almost O +completely O +suppressed O +by O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +plus O +carbidopa B-Chemical +administration O +. O + +aps B-category +Histamine B-Chemical +synthesis O +and O +degradation O +in O +the O +chick O +( O +Gallus O +gallus O +) O +and O +the O +rat O +( O +Rattus O +rattus O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +thyroxine B-Chemical +and O +propanolol B-Chemical +on O +the O +metabolic O +rate O +of O +degus O +. O + +aps B-category +Neuroleptic B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +paradoxical O +behavioral O +toxicity O +in O +young O +borderline O +schizoprenics O +. O + +aps B-category +Brain O +regional O +levels O +of O +three O +neurotransmitter O +amines B-Chemical +- O +serotonin B-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +) O +, O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +( O +NE O +) O +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +( O +DA O +) O +- O +were O +measured O +in O +young O +rats O +prior O +to O +weaning O +to O +determine O +the O +extent O +to O +which O +modifications O +in O +levels O +of O +amines B-Chemical +might O +reflect O +alterations O +in O +the O +sex O +steroid B-Chemical +hormonal O +environment O +during O +the O +first O +postnatal O +week O +in O +the O +life O +of O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Levels O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +in O +the O +corpus O +striatum O +and O +the O +midbrain O +of O +males O +were O +greater O +than O +those O +of O +the O +female O +. O + +aps B-category +Castration O +on O +day O +1 O +, O +or O +diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical +given O +on O +days O +2 O +, O +4 O +, O +and O +6 O +, O +resulted O +in O +apparent O +feminization O +of O +NE O +levels O +in O +the O +hypothalamus O +of O +12 O +- O +day O +- O +old O +male O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stoichiometry O +of O +bilirubin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +albumin I-Chemical +interaction O +has O +been O +analyzed O +and O +quantitated O +in O +several O +recent O +studies O +, O +confirming O +that O +albumin O +binding O +of O +bilirubin B-Chemical +obeys O +the O +law O +of O +mass O +action O +[ O +4 O +, O +5 O +, O +14 O +, O +16 O +, O +26 O +, O +36 O +, O +43 O +, O +46 O +, O +61 O +, O +65 O +, O +73 O +, O +92 O +, O +111 O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +report O +, O +we O +propose O +a O +model O +of O +the O +pathogenesis O +of O +kernicterus O +which O +views O +serum O +albumin O +and O +tissue O +as O +competing O +with O +each O +other O +for O +binding O +the O +miscible O +bilirubin B-Chemical +pool O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +propose O +that O +albumin O +binding O +is O +determined O +by O +the O +concentration O +of O +free O +bilirubin B-Chemical +anion O +( O +which O +is O +essentially O +unaffected O +by O +physiologic O +pH O +changes O +) O +, O +and O +that O +tissue O +binding O +is O +mainly O +determined O +by O +the O +concentration O +of O +free O +bilirubin B-Chemical +acid O +( O +which O +is O +greatly O +influenced O +by O +pH O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +developing O +this O +argument O +, O +we O +will O +sequentially O +discuss O +relevant O +features O +of O +bilirubin B-Chemical +chemistry O +, O +the O +binding O +of O +bilirubin B-Chemical +to O +albumin O +, O +the O +formation O +of O +bilirubin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tissue I-Chemical +complexes O +, O +bilirubin B-Chemical +toxicity O +, O +alternative O +viewpoints O +of O +bilirubin B-Chemical +transport O +, O +and O +, O +finally O +, O +the O +implications O +of O +this O +model O +to O +the O +clinical O +management O +of O +jaundiced O +infants O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pharmacokinetics O +and O +biotransformation O +of O +the O +new O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +lormetazepam O +in O +humans O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +enzymatic O +hydrolysis O +with O +beta O +- O +glucuronidase O +/ O +arylsulphatase O +, O +an O +average O +of O +90 O +% O +of O +total O +radioactivity O +from O +various O +urine O +and O +plasma O +samples O +was O +extractable O +with O +ether B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relative O +amount O +of O +excreted O +lorazepam B-Chemical +conjugate O +was O +demonstrated O +to O +be O +time O +- O +dependent O +, O +probably O +due O +to O +enterohepatic O +circulation O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Pharmacological O +properties O +of O +procaterol B-Chemical +, O +a O +newly O +synthetized O +, O +specific O +beta O +2 O +- O +adrenoceptor O +stimulant O +. O + +aps B-category +Methamphetamine B-Chemical +induced O +increase O +in O +motility O +and O +fighting O +behavior O +was O +also O +suppressed O +by O +PRO O +when O +similar O +doses O +were O +given O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +analgesic O +effect O +of O +PRO O +was O +not O +observed O +with O +Haffner O +' O +s O +and O +Landall O +Selitto O +' O +s O +methods O +but O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +induced O +writhing O +was O +suppressed O +by O +PRO O +. O + +aps B-category +Pharmacological O +properties O +of O +procaterol B-Chemical +( O +PRO O +) O +in O +the O +peripheral O +organs O +were O +examined O +in O +comparison O +with O +those O +of O +sulbutamol O +( O +SAL O +) O +and O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +( O +ISO O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +PRO O +has O +no O +effect O +on O +blood O +coagulation O +and O +hemolysis O +but O +inhibited O +carrageenin O +edema O +and O +an O +increase O +in O +permeability O +of O +blood O +vessels O +induced O +by O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +indication O +for O +azathioprine B-Chemical +( O +Imurek O +) O +has O +to O +be O +strictly O +adjusted O +, O +but O +amongst O +the O +immunosuppresive O +drugs O +it O +is O +without O +doubt O +the O +best O +tolerated O +substance O +and O +- O +- O +provided O +that O +regular O +controls O +are O +carried O +out O +- O +- O +is O +therefore O +also O +suitable O +for O +long O +- O +term O +treatment O +in O +practice O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +a O +positive O +correlation O +between O +urinary O +excretion O +of O +cyclic O +AMP O +and O +the O +excretion O +of O +testosterone B-Chemical +, O +androstenedione O +, O +LH O +and O +FSH O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +mult O +- O +channel O +system O +for O +continuous O +bedside O +monitoring O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +pH O +pCO2 O +and O +automatic O +computer O +- O +controlled O +infusion O +of O +insulin O +, O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +potassium B-Chemical +, O +and O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +solutions O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +Microenvironments O +of O +the O +three O +histidine O +residues O +located O +at O +the O +positions O +18 O +, O +26 O +, O +and O +33 O +from O +the O +amino B-Chemical +terminus O +in O +bovine O +heart O +cytochrome O +c O +were O +analysed O +in O +solution O +by O +the O +hydrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tritium I-Chemical +exchange O +titration O +method O +, O +which O +has O +been O +developed O +in O +this O +laboratory O +. O + +aps B-category +Formation O +of O +aminosuccinyl O +peptides O +during O +acidolytic O +deprotection O +followed O +by O +their O +transformation O +to O +piperazine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +, O +5 O +- O +dione O +derivatives O +in O +neutral O +media O +. O + +aps B-category +HCl O +( O +Asc O +, O +aminosuccinyl O +) O +, O +which O +transformed O +partially O +to O +cyclo O +[ O +Leu O +- O +Asp O +( O +Phe O +- O +NH2 O +) O +] O +during O +its O +purification O +by O +column O +chromatography O +on O +silica O +gel O +with O +a O +mixture O +of O +ethyl O +acetate O +/ O +pyridine O +/ O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +/ O +water O += O +60 O +: O +20 O +: O +6 O +: O +11 O +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +aqueous O +ethanol B-Chemical +the O +X O +- O +Asc O +- O +Y O +- O +NH2 O +( O +X O +, O +Pro O +, O +Leu O +; O +Y O +, O +Gly O +, O +Ala O +, O +Val O +, O +Phg O +, O +Phe O +) O +containing O +N O +- O +terminal O +proline O +are O +more O +readily O +transformed O +to O +piperazine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +, O +5 O +- O +dione O +derivatives O +, O +but O +compared O +to O +simple O +proline O +dipeptides O +the O +rate O +of O +this O +transformation O +is O +relatively O +slow O +because O +of O +the O +crowdedness O +of O +the O +tricyclic O +transitional O +state O +. O + +aps B-category +Binding O +and O +iontophoretic O +studies O +on O +centrally O +active O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +a I-Chemical +search O +for O +physiological O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +the O +discontinuation O +of O +the O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +treatment O +( O +open O +design O +) O +, O +10 O +out O +of O +30 O +hospitalized O +chronic O +schizophrenic O +patients O +showed O +before O +the O +end O +of O +4 O +weeks O +a O +significant O +increase O +of O +their O +symptomatology O +. O + +aps B-category +Before O +the O +discontinuation O +of O +the O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +treatment O +the O +group O +of O +patients O +with O +later O +relapse O +and O +the O +group O +without O +relapse O +showed O +only O +slight O +differences O +concerning O +psychopathological O +symptoms O +but O +significant O +differences O +concerning O +test O +performance O +. O + +aps B-category +Metabolic O +pathways O +are O +well O +developed O +in O +respect O +of O +the O +utilization O +of O +succinic O +, O +malic O +, O +glutamic O +, O +lactic O +and O +isocitric O +acids O +, O +beta O +- O +hydroxybutyric O +acid O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +, O +and O +they O +also O +possess O +phosphatases O +, O +non O +- O +specific O +esterases O +and O +leucine B-Chemical +naphthylamidase O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +shown O +that O +a O +rapid O +change O +in O +[ O +HCO3 O +- O +] O +CSF O +occurs O +during O +the O +infusion O +of O +HCl O +or O +NaHCO3 B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +investigated O +the O +value O +of O +various O +common O +acids O +as O +ion O +- O +pairing O +reagents O +for O +high O +- O +efficiency O +separations O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +and O +their O +metabolites O +in O +reversed O +- O +phase O +high O +- O +performance O +liquid O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +Chromatography O +was O +compared O +to O +that O +seen O +using O +the O +detergent O +sodium B-Chemical +octylsulfate O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +experiments O +show O +that O +simple O +acids O +can O +replace O +alkylsulfates O +as O +ion O +- O +pairing O +reagents O +for O +the O +separation O +of O +the O +catecholamines B-Chemical +and O +their O +metabolites O +. O + +aps B-category +Pharmacokinetics O +of O +nadolol B-Chemical +, O +a O +beta O +- O +receptor O +antagonist O +: O +administration O +of O +therapeutic O +single O +- O +and O +multiple O +- O +dosage O +regimens O +to O +hypertensive O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +During O +suckling O +, O +anaesthetized O +lactating O +rats O +release O +regular O +( O +about O +every O +7 O +min O +) O +but O +brief O +pulses O +of O +oxytocin B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +5 O +- O +- O +1 O +. O +0 O +mu O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +which O +inhibit O +the O +synthesis O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +both O +blocked O +the O +suckling O +- O +induced O +release O +of O +oxytocin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Dopamine B-Chemical +( O +40 O +micrograms O +) O +, O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +( O +10 O +micrograms O +) O +, O +apomorphine B-Chemical +( O +100 O +micrograms O +) O +, O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +( O +10 O +micrograms O +) O +and O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +( O +2 O +micrograms O +) O +injected O +into O +the O +cerebral O +ventricles O +evoked O +a O +sustained O +release O +of O +oxytocin B-Chemical +which O +produced O +multiple O +increases O +in O +intramammary O +pressure O +; O +isoprenaline B-Chemical +( O +4 O +micrograms O +) O +was O +ineffective O +. O + +aps B-category +None O +of O +the O +drugs O +used O +affected O +the O +mammary O +sensitivity O +to O +exogenous O +oxytocin B-Chemical +nor O +were O +their O +actions O +modified O +by O +pretreatment O +with O +propranolol B-Chemical +( O +1 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Mechanism O +of O +inhibition O +of O +active O +potassium B-Chemical +transport O +in O +isolated O +midgut O +of O +Manduca O +sexta O +by O +Bacillus O +thuringiensis O +endotoxin O +. O + +aps B-category +Influx O +of O +potassium B-Chemical +from O +blood O +- O +side O +to O +lumen O +- O +side O +( O +' O +active O +' O +flux O +) O +was O +unaffected O +but O +flux O +in O +the O +reverse O +direction O +was O +nearly O +tripled O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +argued O +that O +inhibition O +is O +not O +primarily O +by O +uncoupling O +of O +oxidative O +phosphorylation O +, O +but O +instead O +by O +interference O +with O +an O +active O +depression O +of O +the O +efflux O +of O +potassium B-Chemical +from O +lumen O +- O +side O +to O +blood O +- O +side O +. O + +aps B-category +Slowing O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +current O +turn O +- O +off O +by O +Condylactis O +toxin O +. O + +aps B-category +From O +these O +data O +, O +it O +seems O +that O +two O +different O +changes O +appear O +in O +lysosomes O +, O +the O +enzyme O +- O +reservoir O +of O +the O +cell O +: O +( O +1 O +) O +Enzyme O +- O +synthesis O +is O +increased O +after O +trauma O +, O +measured O +as O +augmentation O +of O +total O +soluble O +protease O +activity O +in O +our O +experiments O +; O +( O +2 O +) O +Breakage O +or O +increased O +permeability O +of O +lysosomes O +lead B-Chemical +to O +augmentation O +of O +especially O +neutral O +proteases O +in O +the O +cytoplasm O +followed O +by O +the O +well O +known O +autolytic O +areas O +of O +generalized O +traumatic O +brain O +edema O +. O + +aps B-category +of O +mean O +) O +were O +[ O +3H O +] O +nicotine B-Chemical +, O +6 O +. O +17 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +12 O +; O +[ O +14C O +] O +morphine B-Chemical +, O +6 O +. O +08 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +14 O +[ O +3H O +] O +atropine B-Chemical +, O +7 O +. O +10 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +16 O +; O +[ O +14C O +] O +trimethylamine O +, O +6 O +. O +73 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +13 O +; O +[ O +14C O +] O +procaine B-Chemical +, O +10 O +. O +13 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +26 O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +effect O +was O +not O +reproduced O +by O +respiratory O +inhibitors O +or O +by O +exposure O +to O +lactate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibition O +is O +reversed O +by O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Supplementation O +of O +the O +proteose O +- O +peptone O +growth O +medium O +with O +glucose B-Chemical +causes O +a O +decrease O +in O +total O +hexosaminidase O +subsequently O +secreted O +but O +with O +no O +change O +in O +proportion O +of O +each O +isozyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +the O +cation O +radicals O +with O +faster O +reaction O +rates O +with O +nucleophiles O +are O +more O +pharmacologically O +active O +, O +it O +is O +hypothesized O +that O +the O +cation O +radical O +- O +nucleophile O +interaction O +may O +be O +responsible O +for O +binding O +of O +phenothiazines B-Chemical +to O +receptor O +proteins O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fact O +that O +amphotericin B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +acts O +as O +echinocytogenic O +agent O +in O +low O +ionic O +strength O +medium O +at O +pH O +7 O +. O +4 O +but O +not O +at O +pH O +5 O +. O +1 O +underlines O +this O +explanation O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +order O +is O +identical O +to O +that O +of O +ouabain B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +Na O ++ O +- O +Na O ++ O +exchange O +in O +these O +species O +, O +but O +bears O +no O +relation O +to O +the O +Na O ++ O +- O +K O ++ O +pump O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Na O ++ O +- O +Li O ++ O +exchange O +of O +human O +and O +beef O +erythrocytes O +increased O +3 O +. O +5 O +- O +fold O +upon O +elevation O +of O +the O +extracellular O +pH O +from O +6 O +to O +8 O +. O +5 O +, O +the O +pH O +- O +dependence O +arising O +from O +a O +change O +in O +affinity O +of O +the O +system O +for O +the O +cations O +and O +being O +similar O +to O +that O +reported O +for O +ouabain B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +Na O ++ O +- O +Na O ++ O +exchange O +in O +beef O +erythrocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +exchange O +system O +seems O +to O +be O +distinct O +from O +the O +conventional O +Na O ++ O +- O +K O ++ O +pump O +and O +shows O +no O +clear O +relation O +to O +one O +of O +the O +furosemide B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +, O +ouabain B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +Na O ++ O +transport O +systems O +described O +in O +the O +literature O +. O + +aps B-category +Sulfatide O +content O +and O +( O +Na O ++ O ++ O +K O ++ O +) O +- O +ATPase O +activity O +in O +skin O +are O +in O +direct O +relationship O +with O +the O +level O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +flux O +present O +during O +development O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ouabain B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +insensitive I-Chemical +ATPase O +remains O +virtually O +unchanged O +with O +the O +treatment O +, O +even O +with O +a O +high O +concentration O +of O +arylsulfatase O +or O +with O +ouabain B-Chemical +present O +in O +the O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +experimental O +procedure O +for O +increasing O +the O +structural O +resolution O +of O +chemical O +hydrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +exchange I-Chemical +measurements O +on O +proteins O +: O +application O +to O +ribonuclease O +S O +peptide O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Changes O +of O +some O +enzymes O +in O +small O +intestinal O +mucosa O +of O +rats O +after O +chronic O +ethanol B-Chemical +ingestion O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +compositions O +of O +several O +monomeric O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +aldehyde B-Chemical +reductases O +from O +a O +variety O +of O +species O +have O +been O +determined O +and O +analyzed O +by O +the O +difference O +index O +method O +of O +Metzger O +et O +al O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +extent O +of O +sequence O +homology O +among O +aldehyde B-Chemical +reductases O +from O +these O +species O +was O +estimated O +from O +a O +plot O +of O +difference O +index O +versus O +percent O +sequence O +difference O +for O +oxido O +- O +reductases O +of O +known O +sequence O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +with O +rates O +of O +evolution O +of O +oligomeric O +dehydrogenases O +indicates O +that O +aldehyde B-Chemical +reductases O +comprise O +the O +most O +rapidly O +evolving O +family O +of O +oxido O +- O +reductases O +. O + +aps B-category +Propranolol B-Chemical +, O +pindolol B-Chemical +, O +oxprenolol B-Chemical +, O +atenolol B-Chemical +and O +labetalol B-Chemical +were O +used O +as O +beta O +- O +blockers O +and O +the O +effects O +of O +these O +compounds O +on O +the O +blood O +pressure O +and O +the O +heart O +rate O +were O +compared O +with O +those O +of O +hydralazine B-Chemical +, O +a O +representative O +vasodilating O +antihypertensive O +agent O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +labetalol B-Chemical +, O +a O +beta O +- O +blocker O +with O +alpha O +- O +blocking O +action O +, O +a O +fall O +of O +blood O +pressure O +appeared O +earlier O +and O +was O +of O +greater O +magnitude O +. O + +aps B-category +Fortification O +of O +rat O +liver O +microsomes O +with O +partially O +purified O +cytochrome O +b5 O +produces O +an O +increase O +in O +both O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +and O +NADH O +- O +dependent O +p O +- O +nitroanisole O +O O +- O +demethylation O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +of O +either O +purified O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +or O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +448 O +to O +an O +incubation O +mixture O +containing O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +rat O +liver O +microsomes O +enhanced O +the O +NADH O +- O +dependent O +p O +- O +nitroanisole O +O O +- O +demethylation O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulation O +by O +catecholamine B-Chemical +of O +purine B-Chemical +catabolism O +in O +rats O +and O +chickens O +. O + +aps B-category +Catecholamine B-Chemical +, O +administered O +intraperitoneally O +in O +a O +high O +dose O +, O +markedly O +increased O +plasma O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +allantoin O +in O +rats O +, O +and O +an O +increase O +was O +also O +observed O +with O +intravenous O +infusion O +of O +a O +lower O +dose O +of O +catecholamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Regarding O +the O +mechanism O +of O +this O +catecholamine B-Chemical +action O +on O +purine B-Chemical +catabolism O +, O +it O +was O +shown O +that O +catecholamine B-Chemical +stimulated O +degradation O +of O +tissue O +ATP O +into O +the O +end O +- O +product O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +catecholamine B-Chemical +was O +potentiated O +and O +/ O +or O +prolonged O +by O +angiotensin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +II I-Chemical +and O +aminophylline B-Chemical +, O +and O +a O +hyperuricemic O +state O +could O +be O +induced O +by O +catecholamine B-Chemical +treatment O +in O +chickens O +. O + +aps B-category +From O +these O +experimental O +results O +, O +it O +is O +considered O +that O +catecholamines B-Chemical +probably O +play O +a O +important O +role O +in O +the O +pathogenesis O +of O +hyperuricemia O +. O + +aps B-category +Phenylephrine B-Chemical +, O +a O +selective O +alpha O +- O +adrenergic O +stimulant O +, O +caused O +a O +maximal O +relaxation O +of O +the O +taenia O +from O +guinea O +pig O +caecum O +in O +the O +concentration O +of O +10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +g O +/ O +ml O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +abolished O +the O +spontaneous O +spike O +discharge O +, O +no O +change O +was O +detected O +in O +45Ca O +- O +uptake O +and O +45Ca O +- O +efflux O +on O +the O +tissue O +level O +after O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +Ca O +free O +- O +solution O +phenylephrine B-Chemical +inhibited O +the O +response O +to O +CaCl2 B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +obtained O +in O +a O +double O +sensitization O +with O +two O +IgE O +antibodies O +suggest O +that O +AA O +- O +344 O +may O +not O +impair O +antigen O +- O +antibody O +combination O +but O +probably O +prevents O +the O +release O +of O +chemical O +mediators O +including O +histamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Differential O +antagonism O +of O +antiavoidance O +, O +cataleptic O +and O +ptotic O +effects O +of O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +by O +biperiden B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cataleptic O +effect O +of O +most O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +used O +was O +antagonized O +to O +some O +extent O +by O +biperiden B-Chemical +, O +while O +the O +ptotic O +effect O +was O +hardly O +influenced O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +effect O +of O +thioridazine B-Chemical +, O +chlorprothixene O +, O +levomepromazine B-Chemical +and O +clozapine B-Chemical +was O +little O +antagonized O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +indicate O +that O +biperiden B-Chemical +antagonism O +may O +be O +marked O +in O +the O +tests O +related O +to O +the O +extrapyramidal O +symptoms O +and O +in O +drugs O +liable O +to O +induce O +extrapyramidal O +side O +effects O +, O +however O +, O +there O +would O +be O +little O +or O +no O +antagonism O +in O +drugs O +possessing O +the O +anticholinergic O +property O +and O +eliciting O +few O +extrapyramidal O +side O +- O +effects O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +positive O +inotropic O +effect O +of O +PTX O +was O +enhanced O +in O +high O +Ca2 O ++ O +medium O +but O +was O +not O +modified O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Requirement O +of O +alpha O +- O +receptor O +blockade O +for O +production O +of O +hyperuricemia O +in O +the O +rat O +subjected O +to O +ether B-Chemical +stress O +. O + +aps B-category +Carbon O +monoxide O +inhibited O +the O +carbon B-Chemical +tetrachloride I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +NADPH B-Chemical +oxidation O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +addition O +of O +methylviologen O +also O +enhanced O +the O +carbon B-Chemical +tetrachloride I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +loss O +of O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +, O +while O +the O +apparent O +content O +of O +cytochrome O +b5 O +and O +the O +activity O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +c O +reductase O +remained O +unchanged O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +, O +6 O +- O +phosphogluconate O +dehydrogenase O +, O +isocitrate O +dehydrogenase O +and O +" O +malic O +" O +enzyme O +, O +partially O +purified O +from O +livers O +of O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +rats O +, O +were O +inhibited O +by O +ATP O +and O +ADP O +. O + +aps B-category +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +c O +reductase O +was O +also O +inhibited O +by O +ATP O +( O +Ki O +2 O +. O +8 O +mM O +) O +and O +by O +ADP O +( O +Ki O +0 O +. O +9 O +mM O +) O +, O +but O +not O +by O +AMP O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +agents O +that O +lower O +intracellular O +ATP O +may O +accelerate O +rates O +of O +mixed O +- O +function O +oxidation O +by O +a O +concerted O +mechanism O +involving O +deinhibition O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cytochrome I-Chemical +c O +reductase O +and O +one O +or O +more O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +generating I-Chemical +enzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +Measurements O +of O +islet O +content O +of O +malate B-Chemical +and O +pyruvate B-Chemical +, O +the O +metabolite O +substrate O +and O +product O +of O +" O +malic O +" O +enzyme O +, O +were O +therefore O +used O +to O +calculate O +the O +cytosolic O +ration O +of O +[ O +NADPH B-Chemical +] O +/ O +[ O +NADP O ++ O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +A O +review O +of O +pharmacological O +studies O +on O +nicergoline B-Chemical +] O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +liquid O +medium O +, O +designated O +as O +Kabatiella O +zeae O +medium O +( O +KZM O +) O +, O +containing O +10 O +. O +0 O +g O +of O +carboxymethylcellulose O +, O +5 O +. O +0 O +g O +of O +maltose O +, O +1 O +. O +5 O +g O +of O +peptone O +, O +1 O +. O +0 O +g O +of O +monobasic O +potassium B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +1 O +L O +of O +distilled O +water O +, O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +simple O +medium O +consisting O +of O +0 O +. O +7 O +% O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +, O +1 O +. O +0 O +% O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +minerals O +, O +three O +vitamins O +, O +and O +2 O +M O +NaCl B-Chemical +gave O +good O +growth O +and O +excellent O +production O +of O +nuclease O +H O +in O +a O +jar O +fermentor O +when O +the O +pH O +was O +adjusted O +to O +7 O +. O +5 O +to O +8 O +. O +0 O +during O +cultivation O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +the O +alpha O +- O +adrenoreceptor O +agonist O +LD O +3098 O +( O +cirazoline B-Chemical +) O +on O +the O +magnitude O +of O +end O +- O +organ O +responses O +induced O +by O +nerve O +stimulation O +and O +exogenous O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +in O +a O +variety O +of O +sympathetically O +innervated O +animal O +tissues O +. O + +aps B-category +Early O +increases O +in O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +activity O +both O +in O +brain O +stem O +and O +hypothalamus O +suggest O +that O +increased O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +synthesis O +may O +contribute O +to O +the O +development O +of O +neurogenic O +hypertension O +. 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O + +aps B-category +[ O +Treatment O +of O +dibenzepin O +poisoning O +with O +physostigmine B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +WKY O +and O +DOCA B-Chemical +rats O +, O +the O +intraperitoneal O +administration O +of O +acebutolol O +, O +propranolol B-Chemical +and O +practolol O +( O +0 O +. O +5 O +approximately O +20 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +produced O +a O +hypotensive O +action O +, O +however O +, O +these O +effects O +were O +observed O +only O +with O +restricted O +doses O +and O +there O +was O +no O +evidence O +of O +a O +dose O +- O +dependency O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +SHR O +, O +propranolol B-Chemical +produced O +a O +dual O +action O +, O +a O +slight O +rise O +followed O +by O +a O +slight O +fall O +, O +the O +change O +not O +being O +significant O +, O +while O +practolol O +induced O +a O +slight O +hypertension O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Cerebral O +PLP O +concentrations O +were O +reduced O +after O +some O +of O +these O +treatments O +, O +notably O +injection O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +, O +or O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dopa I-Chemical +alone O +or O +with O +beta O +- O +phenylisopropylhydrazine O +, O +an O +inhibitor O +of O +MAO O +, O +or O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HTP I-Chemical +together O +with O +N O +- O +[ O +beta O +- O +( O +chlorophenoxy O +) O +ethyl O +] O +cyclopropylamine O +hydrochloride O +, O +Lilly O +51641 O +, O +another O +MAO O +inhibitor O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +evaluation O +of O +tiodonium O +chloride B-Chemical +as O +an O +antiplaque O +and O +anticaries O +agent O +. O + +aps B-category +Fifty O +- O +five O +participants O +were O +grouped O +on O +the O +basis O +of O +their O +tendency O +to O +form O +plaque O +, O +then O +randomly O +assigned O +to O +use O +either O +a O +placebo O +or O +a O +0 O +. O +3 O +% O +tiodonium O +chloride B-Chemical +rinse O +. O + +aps B-category +Saliva O +was O +collected O +before O +and O +30 O +minutes O +after O +the O +final O +rinse O +and O +mixed O +with O +5 O +% O +glucose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +also O +restricted O +the O +ability O +of O +plaque O +or O +saliva O +to O +metabolize O +sucrose B-Chemical +as O +monitored O +by O +pH O +changes O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Comparative O +evaluation O +of O +the O +effect O +of O +isopropamide O +( O +Priamide O +) O +and O +atropine B-Chemical +on O +subperiods O +of O +the O +left O +heart O +ventricle O +systole O +using O +polygraphic O +examination O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effect O +of O +intravenous O +infusion O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +bicarbonate I-Chemical +in O +ventilation O +and O +gas O +exchange O +in O +patients O +with O +chronic O +obstructive O +pulmonary O +disease O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Naloxone B-Chemical +as O +antidote O +in O +benzodiazepine B-Chemical +poisoning O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +cases O +of O +cattle O +suppurative O +infection O +a O +statistically O +significant O +reduction O +was O +observed O +in O +the O +four O +rumen O +content O +indices O +: O +pH O +from O +7 O +. O +61 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +02 O +fell O +to O +6 O +. O +90 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +06 O +; O +number O +of O +infusoria O +- O +- O +from O +295 O +820 O ++ O +/ O +- O +2890 O +per O +cm3 O +fell O +to O +75 O +867 O ++ O +/ O +- O +1260 O +per O +cm3 O +; O +volatile O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +from O +919 O +. O +7 O ++ O +/ O +- O +10 O +. O +08 O +mg O +% O +diminished O +to O +489 O +. O +48 O ++ O +/ O +- O +18 O +. O +91 O +, O +and O +ammonia B-Chemical +from O +27 O +. O +69 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +51 O +mg O +% O +was O +reduced O +to O +12 O +. O +23 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +73 O +mg O +% O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +initial O +decrease O +of O +the O +relative O +GTP O +content O +is O +proportional O +to O +the O +growth O +inhibitory O +effect O +of O +the O +steroids B-Chemical +tested O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +is O +based O +on O +quantitative O +isolation O +, O +volunteer O +inoculation O +, O +as O +well O +as O +treatment O +studies O +including O +the O +use O +of O +antibiotics O +, O +such O +as O +rifampicin B-Chemical +, O +which O +differentiate O +between O +chlamydiae O +and O +ureaplasmas O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +of O +the O +drugs O +tested O +( O +dimetridazole O +, O +ornidazole O +, O +metronidazole B-Chemical +, O +tinidazole O +, O +carbimazole B-Chemical +BP O +and O +chlormethoxy O +- O +acridilamino O +- O +diethylamino O +- O +propanol O +- O +dihydrochliorde O +) O +was O +fully O +successful O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +experimental O +spironucleosis O +in O +mice O +( O +Kunstýr O +, O +1978 O +) O +and O +it O +is O +suggested O +that O +recent O +reports O +on O +the O +therapeutic O +success O +of O +tinidazole O +in O +human O +giardiasis O +be O +treated O +with O +caution O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +the O +R O +- O +mutants O +, O +with O +Salmonella O +typhimurium O +S O +form O +a O +high O +degree O +of O +long O +- O +lasting O +protection O +was O +achieved O +already O +after O +a O +single O +immunization O +, O +and O +was O +not O +increased O +significantly O +by O +repeated O +injections O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +prevalence O +of O +hepatitis O +B O +virus O +infections O +was O +examined O +in O +four O +groups O +from O +Liberia O +using O +radioimmunoassays O +for O +HBsAg B-Chemical +, O +anti O +- O +HBs O +and O +anti O +- O +HBc O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +HBsAg B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +concentration I-Chemical +is O +mostly O +lower O +in O +the O +positive O +Liberians O +than O +in O +German O +HBsAg B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carriers I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +clinical O +effects O +of O +oral O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +( O +2 O +mg O +on O +the O +night O +before O +operation O +followed O +by O +2 O +mg O +on O +the O +morning O +of O +operation O +) O +and O +placebo O +as O +premedicants O +were O +tested O +in O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +study O +in O +81 O +gynaecological O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +most O +parameters O +tested O +( O +sleep O +on O +the O +night O +before O +operation O +, O +sedation O +, O +apprehension O +, O +headache O +, O +pulse O +rate O +) O +, O +there O +was O +a O +positive O +, O +significant O +difference O +between O +the O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +group O +( O +n O += O +44 O +) O +and O +the O +placebo O +group O +( O +n O += O +37 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +correlation O +between O +the O +plasma O +concentration O +of O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +and O +its O +demethylated O +metabolite O +( O +separate O +or O +total O +concentrations O +) O +and O +any O +of O +the O +parameters O +tested O +before O +induction O +of O +anaesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +Thiophene O +- O +containing O +potentially O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +rigid O +spiroamines O +. O + +aps B-category +Thiophene O +- O +containing O +potentially O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +rigid O +spiroamines O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +shown O +on O +the O +isolated O +superior O +cervical O +ganglion O +of O +the O +rat O +that O +some O +antiobiotics O +exerted O +a O +blocking O +effect O +nearly O +as O +potent O +as O +that O +exhibited O +by O +hexamethonium B-Chemical +or O +d O +- O +turbocurarine O +. O + +aps B-category +Adenosine B-Chemical +deaminase O +conversion O +proteins O +: O +a O +potential O +role O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +delayed O +splenic O +rupture O +is O +less O +frequent O +and O +comprises O +about O +8 O +- O +- O +28 O +% O +of O +cases O +of O +splenic O +rupture O +. O + +aps B-category +Medical O +prescription O +, O +especially O +of O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +and O +psychotropics O +, O +as O +well O +as O +of O +sedatives O +, O +should O +be O +practiced O +more O +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +is O +produced O +that O +somatostatin O +competitively O +inhibits O +gastrin O +- O +stimulated O +acid O +secretion O +whereas O +it O +inhibits O +carbamylcholine O +- O +stimulated O +acid O +secretion O +by O +a O +mechanism O +which O +is O +non O +- O +competitive O +in O +nature O +and O +it O +has O +no O +action O +on O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stimulated I-Chemical +secretion O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +, O +its O +triazole O +derivative O +( O +3 O +- O +beta O +- O +aminoethyl O +- O +1 O +, O +2 O +, O +4 O +- O +triazole O +) O +and O +immobilization O +stress O +on O +the O +gastric O +mucosal O +Ca2 O ++ O +content O +during O +the O +development O +of O +gastric O +ulcers O +in O +guinea O +pigs O +and O +rats O +was O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Cimetidine B-Chemical +( O +100 O +mumol O +kg O +- O +1 O +more O +than O +50 O +% O +inhibited O +the O +development O +of O +gastric O +ulcers O +and O +prevented O +the O +change O +in O +Ca2 O ++ O +concentration O +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +Intra O +- O +arterial O +fusions O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +cause O +vasodilation O +of O +resistance O +vessels O +, O +extravasation O +of O +albumin O +and O +oedema O +in O +cat O +skeletal O +muscle O +. O + +aps B-category +Stability O +in O +Newcastle O +disease O +virus O +- O +infected O +cells O +of O +HN O +protein O +which O +lost O +its O +functional O +activity O +under O +conditions O +of O +protein O +synthesis O +inhibition O +by O +cycloheximide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +in O +the O +presence O +or O +absence O +of O +cycloheximide B-Chemical +( O +100 O +microgram O +/ O +ml O +) O +and O +analyzed O +by O +slab O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +and O +autoradiography O +. O + +aps B-category +Antiviral O +effect O +of O +3 O +- O +[ O +bis O +- O +( O +2 O +- O +hydroxyethyl O +) O +- B-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +] O +- O +acetophenone O +- O +[ O +4 O +, O +5 O +- O +diphenyl O +- O +oxyazolyl O +- O +( O +2 O +) O +] O +hydrazone O +( O +IMET O +98 O +/ O +69 O +) O +in O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +terbutaline B-Chemical +, O +a O +beta O +2 O +- O +adrenergic O +receptor O +stimulating O +compound O +, O +on O +cutaneous O +reponses O +to O +histamine B-Chemical +, O +allergen O +, O +compound O +48 O +/ O +80 O +, O +and O +trypsin O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +injection O +of O +0 O +. O +5 O +microgram O +terbutaline B-Chemical +inhibition O +of O +the O +flare O +and O +weal O +responses O +was O +demonstrable O +throughout O +the O +observation O +period O +of O +90 O +min O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +weal O +response O +elicited O +by O +histamine B-Chemical +and O +compound O +48 O +/ O +80 O +was O +slightly O +reduced O +by O +2 O +microgram O +terbutaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Use O +and O +abuse O +of O +benzodiazepines B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +comparative O +study O +of O +a O +cardioselective O +beta O +- O +blocking O +drug O +, O +metoprolol B-Chemical +, O +in O +ordinary O +and O +slow O +- O +release O +tablets O +( O +Durules O +) O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +angina O +pectoris O +. O + +aps B-category +and O +metoprolol B-Chemical +slow O +- O +release O +tablets O +( O +Durules O +) O +0 O +. O +2 O +g O +once O +daily O +in O +16 O +patients O +with O +angina O +pectoris O +. O + +aps B-category +F O +- O +, O +CN O +- O +) O +and O +H2O2 B-Chemical +with O +horseradish O +peroxidase O +was O +found O +to O +displace O +the O +spin O +label O +, O +it O +was O +concluded O +that O +the O +spin O +label O +did O +not O +indeed O +bind O +to O +the O +active O +site O +of O +horseradish O +peroxidase O +. O + +aps B-category +From O +the O +changes O +in O +the O +concentration O +of O +both O +bound O +and O +free O +spin O +label O +with O +pH O +, O +the O +pK O +value O +of O +the O +acid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alkali I-Chemical +transition O +of O +horseradish O +peroxidase O +was O +found O +to O +be O +10 O +. O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +From O +this O +finding O +, O +the O +minimum O +distance O +between O +the O +iron B-Chemical +atom O +and O +nitroxide O +group O +and O +hence O +a O +lower O +limit O +to O +the O +depth O +of O +the O +heme O +pocket O +of O +horseradish O +peroxidase O +was O +estimated O +to O +be O +22 O +A O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +[ O +gamma O +- O +32P O +] O +ATP O +, O +it O +has O +been O +shown O +that O +such O +activation O +is O +accompanied O +by O +incorporation O +of O +at O +least O +one O +phosphate B-Chemical +residue O +into O +the O +enzyme O +molecule O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +superoxide B-Chemical +radicals O +formed O +on O +NADPH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +specific I-Chemical +flavoprotein O +of O +liver O +microsomes O +can O +reduce O +cytochromes O +c O +, O +b5 O +, O +and O +P O +- O +450 O +. O + +aps B-category +the O +copper B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tyrosine I-Chemical +complex O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +use O +of O +barbiturate B-Chemical +and O +/ O +or O +non B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +barbiturate I-Chemical +sedatives O +( O +5 O +. O +5 O +per O +cent O +) O +ranked O +first O +. O + +aps B-category +Responses O +of O +pulmonary O +and O +systemic O +circulations O +of O +perinatal O +goats O +to O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +F2 I-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Multiple O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +evidence O +for O +multiple O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptors O +in O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +iron B-Chemical +on O +surface O +charge O +and O +hydrophobicity O +of O +Neisseria O +gonorrhoeae O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +complex O +effects O +of O +iron B-Chemical +, O +in O +combination O +with O +other O +variables O +known O +to O +affect O +surface O +charge O +and O +hydrophobicity O +, O +have O +provided O +some O +clues O +as O +to O +the O +properties O +of O +the O +gonococcal O +surface O +that O +are O +important O +in O +promoting O +virulence O +. O + +aps B-category +E O +. O +coli O +19 O ++ O +, O +which O +have O +mannose O +- O +sensitive O +adhesins O +, O +were O +derived O +from O +E O +. O +coli O +strain O +19 O +by O +culturing O +in O +static O +Trypticase O +soy O +broth O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +. O +E O +. O +coli O +19 O +- O +, O +which O +lack O +mannose O +- O +sensitive O +adhesins O +, O +were O +derived O +from O +E O +. O +coli O +19 O +by O +culturing O +in O +agitated O +Trypticase O +soy O +broth O +at O +30 O +degrees O +C O +. O +E O +. O +coli O +19 O ++ O +attached O +to O +leukocytes O +and O +stimulated O +the O +release O +of O +lysozyme O +but O +not O +beta O +- O +glucuronidase O +or O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +association O +of O +19 O ++ O +with O +leukocytes O +and O +subsequent O +release O +of O +lysozyme O +could O +be O +blocked O +by O +alpha O +- O +methyl O +- O +D O +- O +mannoside O +but O +not O +by O +equivalent O +concentrations O +of O +dextrose B-Chemical +and O +sucrose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Agents O +were O +tested O +for O +their O +ability O +to O +activate O +monocyte O +adenylate O +or O +guanylate O +cyclase O +in O +cell O +- O +free O +preparations O +, O +to O +increase O +cyclic B-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +3 I-Chemical +' I-Chemical +, I-Chemical +5 I-Chemical +' I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +monophosphate I-Chemical +( O +cAMP B-Chemical +) O +or O +cyclic O +guanosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +( O +cGMP B-Chemical +) O +in O +intact O +human O +monocytes O +, O +and O +to O +modulate O +monocyte O +- O +induced O +killing O +of O +Staphylococcus O +aureus O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +monocyte O +cGMP B-Chemical +levels O +were O +increased O +5 O +- O +and O +17 O +- O +fold O +by O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +and O +N O +- O +methyl O +- O +N O +' O +- O +nitro O +- O +N O +- O +nitrosoguanidine O +, O +respectively O +, O +but O +neither O +agent O +was O +effective O +in O +modulating O +monocyte O +bactericidal O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +RDEC O +- O +1 O +adherence O +was O +inhibited O +at O +high O +ionic O +strengths O +; O +however O +, O +adherence O +was O +not O +influenced O +at O +moderately O +high O +concentrations O +( O +20 O +mg O +/ O +ml O +) O +by O +either O +d O +- O +mannose O +or O +l O +- O +fucose O +, O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +the O +case O +for O +other O +reported O +enteric O +pathogens O +. O + +aps B-category +Simple O +NaCl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HCl I-Chemical +mixtures O +of O +appropriate O +acidity O +and O +molarity O +could O +be O +substituted O +for O +the O +acid O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +, O +with O +the O +advantage O +of O +minimising O +non O +- O +physiological O +ion O +contributions O +to O +eluted O +materials O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +separation O +of O +cold O +drugs O +and O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +by O +high O +- O +performance O +liquid O +chromatogarphy O +with O +the O +porous O +polymer O +resin O +DVB O +- O +MCL O +- O +O O +( O +or O +11 O +- O +30 O +- O +0 O +) O +, O +which O +is O +a O +styrene O +- O +divinylbenzene O +- O +methyl O +methacrylate O +copolymer O +substituted O +with O +hydroxymethyl O +groups O +, O +was O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +High O +- O +performance O +liquid O +chromatography O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +peptides O +and O +proteins O +. 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O + +aps B-category +When O +diltiazem B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +3 O +nM O +) O +was O +added O +to O +the O +perfusion O +fluid O +, O +the O +iontophoretic O +glutamate B-Chemical +potential O +was O +reduced O +to O +about O +half O +, O +whereas O +the O +amplitude O +of O +excitatory O +junctional O +potentials O +( O +EJPs O +) O +increased O +by O +about O +two O +times O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +decrease O +in O +amplitude O +of O +the O +glutamate B-Chemical +potential O +caused O +by O +diltiazem B-Chemical +was O +not O +due O +to O +the O +acceleration O +of O +desensitization O +of O +the O +glutamate B-Chemical +receptor O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +quantal O +content O +and O +size O +of O +extracellular O +EJPs O +were O +not O +affected O +by O +diltiazem B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +decrease O +in O +amplitude O +of O +the O +glutamate B-Chemical +potential O +was O +completely O +prevented O +by O +previous O +application O +of O +Con O +A O +( O +10 O +( O +- O +6 O +) O +M O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Is O +glutamate B-Chemical +the O +transmitter O +of O +crustacean O +motoneurons O +? O + +aps B-category +gamma O +' O +- O +diaminosuberic O +acid O +- O +dihydrochloride O +( O +meso B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +di I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +GABA I-Chemical +) O +and O +dl O +- O +diamino O +- O +nonanedicarboxylic O +acid O +dihydrochloride O +( O +C O +- O +9 O +) O +were O +newly O +synthesized O +as O +potential O +glutamate B-Chemical +blockers O +. O + +aps B-category +Excitatory O +junction O +potentials O +( O +ejps O +) O +were O +reversibly O +depressed O +or O +blocked O +while O +the O +effects O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +were O +potentiated O +. O + +aps B-category +C O +- O +9 O +( O +3 O +x O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +) O +depressed O +or O +blocked O +the O +effect O +of O +applied O +glutamate B-Chemical +with O +little O +or O +no O +effect O +on O +ejps O +. O + +aps B-category +Meso B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +di I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +GABA I-Chemical +is O +assumed O +to O +block O +synaptic O +receptors O +and O +to O +activate O +non O +- O +synaptic O +receptors O +while O +C O +- O +9 O +seems O +to O +act O +mainly O +as O +a O +blocker O +of O +glutamate B-Chemical +action O +on O +non O +- O +synaptic O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +central O +nervous O +system O +of O +the O +mollusc O +Helix O +pomatia O +, O +like O +that O +of O +other O +molluscs O +, O +contains O +a O +very O +high O +level O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +study O +of O +the O +phenomena O +taking O +part O +in O +the O +synthesis O +and O +inactivation O +of O +catecholamines B-Chemical +shows O +that O +these O +processes O +are O +not O +different O +in O +vertebrates O +and O +molluscs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +monoamines B-Chemical +are O +associated O +with O +granules O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +little O +information O +on O +the O +uptake O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +by O +nervous O +structures O +, O +but O +it O +would O +seem O +that O +this O +phenomenon O +seems O +to O +play O +an O +active O +role O +in O +the O +synaptic O +inactivation O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +we O +believe O +that O +it O +plays O +a O +part O +in O +the O +neuronal O +regulation O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +levels O +and O +in O +its O +synaptic O +inactivation O +. O + +aps B-category +Completeness O +of O +HSTRV O +is O +controlled O +intraoperatively O +by O +a O +gastric O +pH O +meter O +and O +by O +measuring O +the O +oxygen B-Chemical +tension O +of O +the O +gastric O +mucosa O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +sensitivity O +of O +the O +hydroxyproline B-Chemical +( O +OHP O +) O +/ O +creatinine B-Chemical +( O +Cr O +) O +index O +and O +the O +free O +urinary O +alkaline O +ribonuclease O +activity O +as O +indices O +of O +nutritional O +status O +have O +been O +compared O +using O +rats O +as O +an O +experimental O +model O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +resistant O +strains O +to O +benzylpenicillin B-Chemical +or O +ampicillin B-Chemical +were O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +V O +. O +Participation O +of O +serotonin B-Chemical +in O +the O +mechanism O +of O +action O +of O +narcotic O +analgesics O +. O + +aps B-category +p O +- O +Chlorophenylalanine O +( O +pCPA O +) O +did O +not O +affect O +the O +behavioral O +changes O +produced O +in O +mice O +by O +morphine B-Chemical +, O +fentanyl B-Chemical +, O +codeine B-Chemical +and O +pentazocine B-Chemical +but O +reduced O +the O +behavioral O +depression O +produced O +by O +these O +drugs O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +reserpine B-Chemical +the O +depression O +produced O +in O +rats O +by O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +fentanyl B-Chemical +was O +more O +pronounced O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +mice O +reserpine B-Chemical +protected O +against O +hypermotility O +produced O +by O +morphine B-Chemical +or O +fentanyl B-Chemical +and O +TP O +potentiated O +the O +depression O +produced O +by O +the O +combination O +of O +reserpine B-Chemical +and O +morphine B-Chemical +or O +reserpine B-Chemical +and O +fentanyl B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Naloxone B-Chemical +abolished O +the O +catalepsy O +after O +combined O +treatment O +with O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +TP O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +suggest O +that O +the O +serotonin B-Chemical +system O +plays O +a O +role O +in O +the O +effects O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +fentanyl B-Chemical +on O +rat O +locomotor O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +information O +given O +mainly O +concentrates O +on O +the O +attempts O +to O +find O +antidepressants B-Chemical +without O +cardiotoxic O +side O +- O +effects O +, O +psychoneuroleptics O +without O +extrapyramidal O +side O +- O +effects O +and O +long O +- O +acting O +or O +depot O +preparations O +. O + +aps B-category +Hydrocortisone B-Chemical +injection O +to O +nine O +day O +- O +old O +rats O +results O +in O +qualitative O +changes O +of O +gastric O +mucosal O +proteases O +, O +the O +proteolytic O +activity O +pattern O +of O +young O +treated O +animals O +being O +similar O +to O +that O +of O +untreated O +adult O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +steroid B-Chemical +influenced O +liver O +tyrosine B-Chemical +transaminase O +although O +tryptophan B-Chemical +pyrrolase O +activity O +was O +depressed O +by O +testosterone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Cortexolone O +did O +not O +alter O +either O +of O +these O +processes O +whereas O +cortisol B-Chemical +induced O +both O +enzymes O +and O +, O +at O +much O +higher O +dose O +levels O +, O +gluconeogenesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Similar O +results O +were O +obtained O +by O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cortisol I-Chemical +except O +that O +estradiol B-Chemical +partially O +competed O +for O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cortisol I-Chemical +binding O +sites O +even O +at O +20 O +- O +fold O +greater O +concentrations O +of O +cold O +estradiol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +are O +discussed O +in O +terms O +of O +sex O +steroid B-Chemical +binding O +to O +different O +moieties O +of O +a O +complex O +, O +heterogeneous O +, O +polymorphic O +protein O +rather O +than O +inhibition O +of O +binding O +to O +the O +active O +configuration O +acquired O +in O +presence O +of O +an O +inducer O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Histamine B-Chemical +and O +calcium B-Chemical +interaction O +in O +the O +process O +of O +gastric O +acid O +secretion O +in O +humans O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparative O +study O +of O +erythromycin B-Chemical +, O +amoxicillin B-Chemical +and O +ampicillin B-Chemical +antimicrobial O +activity O +against O +human O +respiratory O +tract O +pathogens O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +minimum O +inhibitory O +concentrations O +( O +MICs O +) O +of O +fresh O +clinical O +isolates O +of O +Streptoccus O +pyogenes O +, O +Streptocuccus O +pneumoniae O +, O +Staphylococcus O +aureus O +and O +Haemophilus O +influenzae O +to O +the O +macrolide B-Chemical +and O +penicillins B-Chemical +ranged O +between O +0 O +. O +01 O +and O +0 O +. O +9 O +microgram O +/ O +ml O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +experimental O +observations O +show O +that O +the O +onset O +of O +antimicrobial O +activity O +and O +the O +bactericidal O +effectiveness O +of O +equipotent O +concentrations O +of O +erythromycin B-Chemical +, O +amoxicillin B-Chemical +and O +ampicillin B-Chemical +were O +comparable O +in O +this O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +good O +tolerance O +of O +these O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +compounds O +, O +their O +low O +degree O +of O +activity O +on O +vigilance O +, O +are O +original O +characteristics O +of O +this O +new O +group O +of O +psychotropic O +drugs O +: O +polyvalent O +, O +or O +" O +multiple O +potential O +" O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +The O +influence O +of O +a O +beta O +- O +adrenolytic O +premedication O +on O +cardiovascular O +parameters O +and O +plasma O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +during O +esophago O +- O +gastro O +- O +duodenoscopy O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +increase O +of O +the O +plasma O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +which O +was O +noted O +in O +groups O +B O +and O +C O +, O +could O +be O +observed O +in O +Group O +A O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +changes O +were O +correlated O +to O +the O +decrease O +of O +the O +ratio O +of O +saturated O +to O +olefinic O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +the O +mycelium O +, O +suggesting O +that O +alcohols O +and O +other O +polar O +lipophilic O +compounds O +can O +interfere O +with O +the O +biosynthesis O +and O +the O +function O +of O +the O +cytoplasmic O +membrane O +in O +Streptomyces O +. O + +aps B-category +Reversibility O +of O +the O +dehydrogenation O +reaction O +of O +the O +steroid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +1 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dehydrogenase I-Chemical +from O +Nocardia O +opaca O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Nine O +classes O +of O +resistance O +( O +0 O +to O +greater O +to O +or O +equal O +to O +8 O +) O +were O +formed O +by O +means O +of O +ten O +standard O +chemotherapeutics O +; O +the O +four O +new O +cephalosporins B-Chemical +were O +excluded O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +probability O +of O +restance O +in O +multiresistant O +strains O +are O +therefore O +distinguished O +more O +clearly O +from O +that O +of O +Cephalothin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +The O +distribution O +of O +minimal O +inhibitory O +concentrations O +of O +recently O +introduced O +cephalosporins B-Chemical +in O +multiresistant O +strains O +of O +Escherichia O +coli O +, O +Proteus O +mirabilis O +and O +Klebsiella O +spec O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +groups O +of O +less O +than O +or O +equal O +to O +4 O +- O +and O +greater O +than O +or O +equal O +to O +5 O +- O +fold O +resistant O +strains O +were O +compared O +for O +each O +cephalosporin B-Chemical +tested O +( O +Fig O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +could O +be O +demonstrated O +that O +the O +different O +qualities O +of O +the O +recently O +introduced O +cephalosporins B-Chemical +revealed O +in O +multiresistant O +strains O +can O +be O +explained O +by O +different O +dependences O +on O +mechanisms O +of O +Cephalothin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistance I-Chemical +( O +Fig O +. O + +aps B-category +Efforts O +to O +purify O +the O +B O +. O +cereus O +exotoxins O +by O +precipitation O +with O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulphate O +and O +subsequent O +chromatography O +on O +Sephadex O +- O +G O +- O +75 O +and O +Biogel O +- O +P O +- O +60 O +columns O +were O +partially O +successfull O +. O + +aps B-category +Anesthesia O +based O +upon O +alfentanil B-Chemical +and O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +or O +etomidate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +flunitrazepam B-Chemical +on O +different O +body O +functions O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Treatment O +with O +high O +doses O +of O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +in O +the O +acute O +phase O +of O +mental O +diseases O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +examinations O +can O +be O +carried O +out O +in O +general O +medical O +practice O +and O +they O +will O +lead B-Chemical +to O +a O +diagnosis O +of O +chronic O +pyelonephritis O +with O +relatively O +high O +probability O +. O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +containing O +calculi O +and O +so O +- O +called O +" O +infection O +stones O +" O +need O +surgical O +intervention O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +adrenergic O +drugs O +on O +aqueous O +cAMP B-Chemical +and O +cGMP B-Chemical +and O +intraocular O +pressure O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +drugs O +produced O +a O +significant O +increase O +in O +cAMP B-Chemical +in O +the O +treated O +eyes O +and O +all O +but O +terbutaline B-Chemical +produced O +a O +significant O +increase O +in O +the O +fellow O +eye O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +( O +1 O +) O +diverse O +adrenoceptor O +stimulation O +can O +increase O +cAMP B-Chemical +, O +but O +( O +2 O +) O +not O +necessarily O +in O +direct O +relation O +to O +an O +agent O +' O +s O +hypotension O +induced O +by O +pilocarpine B-Chemical +is O +not O +accompanied O +by O +an O +increase O +in O +aqueous O +cGMP B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +I O +. O +- O +In O +vitro O +study O +by O +partition O +of O +bilirubin B-Chemical +between O +an O +aqueous O +solution O +and O +an O +immiscible O +organic O +solvent O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Results O +are O +used O +to O +compute O +the O +concentrations O +of O +unbound O +ionized O +and O +unionized O +bilirubin B-Chemical +and O +the O +bilirubin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +albumin I-Chemical +characteristics O +( O +association O +constant O +K O +and O +nomber O +n O +of O +primary O +binding O +sites O +per O +mole O +of O +albumin O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Sodium B-Chemical +sulfacetamide O +for O +injections O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +ATP O +and O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +for O +mitochondrial O +function O +during O +myocardial O +ischemia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +following O +correlation O +coefficients O +were O +found O +: O +ATP O +: O +0 O +. O +87 O +, O +lactate B-Chemical +: O +0 O +. O +93 O +, O +interstitial O +H O ++ O +: O +0 O +. O +73 O +. O + +aps B-category +Swelling O +measurements O +of O +mitochondria O +, O +isolated O +immediately O +after O +cardioplegic O +arrest O +, O +demonstrated O +that O +an O +undissociated O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +and O +an O +ATP O +- O +concentration O +of O +70 O +microM O +and O +28 O +microM O +respectively O +are O +necessary O +for O +a O +half O +maximal O +swelling O +reaction O +under O +anaerobic O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +reports O +the O +quantitative O +effect O +of O +the O +H1 O +- O +- O +and O +H2 O +- O +- O +receptor O +antagonists O +on O +dextran B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +anaphylactoid O +oedema O +in O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +on O +the O +other O +hand O +burimamide O +an O +H2 O +- O +- O +receptor O +antagonist O +at O +doses O +below O +500 O +micrograms O +/ O +kg O +inhibit O +dextran B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +oedema O +but O +at O +higher O +doses O +enhances O +oedema O +formation O +in O +the O +test O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dual O +effects O +of O +burimamide O +on O +dextran B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +oedema O +merits O +further O +investigation O +and O +confirmation O +with O +the O +aid O +of O +other O +H1 O +- O +- O +and O +/ O +or O +H2 O +- O +- O +receptor O +systems O +. O + +aps B-category +Optimization O +of O +erythromycin B-Chemical +biosynthesis O +by O +controlling O +pH O +and O +temperature O +: O +theoretical O +aspects O +and O +practical O +application O +. O + +aps B-category +Imposing O +a O +transmembrane O +potential O +positive O +with O +respect O +to O +the O +medium O +on O +chromaffin O +granule O +ghosts O +increased O +the O +initial O +rate O +of O +the O +delta O +pH O +- O +induced O +uptake O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +, O +whereas O +imposing O +a O +negative O +potential O +decreased O +this O +rate O +. O + +aps B-category +Brain O +striatal O +tyrosine B-Chemical +hydroxylase O +: O +activation O +of O +the O +enzyme O +by O +cyclic O +AMP O +- O +independent O +phosphorylation O +. O + +aps B-category +Amphetamines O +facilitate O +and O +neuroleptic B-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +diminish O +neural O +transmission O +mediated O +by O +the O +chemical O +substance O +dopamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +in O +some O +cases O +there O +was O +evidence O +of O +increased O +sensitivity O +of O +the O +dopamine B-Chemical +receptor O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +concomitants O +of O +these O +phenomena O +, O +involving O +the O +biological O +amines B-Chemical +or O +the O +neurotransmitters O +, O +must O +be O +elucidated O +. O + +aps B-category +Particular O +emphasis O +has O +been O +given O +to O +serotonin B-Chemical +( O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +) O +and O +the O +catecholamines B-Chemical +, O +dopamine B-Chemical +and O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +number O +of O +drugs O +are O +traditionally O +blamed O +for O +causing O +depression O +: O +in O +general O +medicine O +, O +the O +antihypertensives O +, O +the O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptives I-Chemical +and O +the O +appetite B-Chemical +suppressants I-Chemical +; O +in O +psychiatry O +, O +the O +neuroleptics B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Classification O +of O +the O +antidepressants B-Chemical +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +standard O +division O +is O +between O +the O +tricyclic O +antidepressants B-Chemical +and O +the O +chemically O +heterogeneous O +MAOIs O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +regards O +the O +mechanisms O +of O +action O +, O +we O +have O +the O +antidepressants B-Chemical +which O +act O +selectively O +upon O +serotonin B-Chemical +and O +those O +which O +act O +more O +particularly O +upon O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +have O +the O +sedative O +antidepressants B-Chemical +, O +active O +in O +agitated O +depression O +and O +the O +stimulant O +antidepressants B-Chemical +which O +are O +active O +in O +retarded O +depression O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Also O +, O +TA O +and O +NAE O +were O +higher O +following O +AP O +, O +whereas O +citrate B-Chemical +excretion O +was O +lower O +( O +375 O +. O +4 O ++ O +/ O +- O +64 O +. O +6 O +vs O +. O +633 O +. O +4 O ++ O +/ O +- O +28 O +. O +8 O +mg O +/ O +day O +, O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Natural O +abundance O +13C O +NMR O +spectra O +at O +38 O +MHz O +resolve O +all O +of O +the O +nonprotonated O +aromatic O +carbons O +from O +the O +three O +phenylalanines O +, O +two O +tyrosines O +, O +and O +one O +tryptophan B-Chemical +of O +the O +coat O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Compressive O +extradural O +lipomatosis O +as O +an O +unusual O +complication O +of O +corticosteroid B-Chemical +therapy O +: O +one O +case O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Kerosene O +exhibited O +marked O +inhibition O +on O +the O +growth O +of O +the O +majority O +of O +the O +strains O +, O +whereas O +active O +growth O +was O +observed O +with O +Debaryomyces O +vanrijii O +and O +many O +species O +of O +the O +genus O +Candida O +in O +media O +with O +n O +- O +hexadecane O +or O +wax O +distillate O +as O +sole O +source O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Dihydrofolate O +reductases O +of O +five O +species O +of O +the O +family O +Neisseriaceae O +were O +compared O +by O +means O +of O +inhibition O +profiles O +, O +using O +several O +structurally O +different O +inhibitors O +, O +including O +trimethoprim B-Chemical +( O +TMP O +) O +and O +pyrimethamine O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Investigations O +on O +the O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +of O +lipids O +from O +Salmonella O +typhimurium O +S O +and O +R O +forms O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +sterile O +membranes O +, O +sterile O +underlying O +aluminium B-Chemical +trays O +and O +sterile O +blood O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +interaction O +of O +magnesium B-Chemical +ions O +with O +inorganic O +pyrophosphatase O +from O +baker O +' O +s O +yeast O +was O +studied O +by O +means O +of O +heat O +denaturation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +breakdown O +of O +adenine O +nucleotides O +in O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +depleted I-Chemical +human O +red O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +4 O +) O +The O +constancy O +of O +the O +sum O +of O +nucleotides O +as O +long O +as O +glucose B-Chemical +is O +present O +is O +postulated O +to O +be O +due O +to O +resynthesis O +via O +adenosine B-Chemical +kinase O +which O +competes O +successfully O +with O +adenosine B-Chemical +deaminase O +. 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O + +aps B-category +An O +antigen O +has O +been O +isolated O +from O +a O +human O +signet O +- O +ring O +cell O +carcinoma O +serially O +growing O +in O +hamsters O +, O +GW O +- O +39 O +, O +by O +saline O +, O +PCA O +, O +or O +phenol B-Chemical +extraction O +, O +and O +has O +been O +found O +immunologically O +identical O +to O +a O +similarly O +extracted O +substance O +in O +normal O +human O +or O +hamster O +colon O +. O + +aps B-category +Complement O +- O +mediated O +release O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +from O +human O +leukocytes O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +binding O +of O +monospecific O +rabbit O +antibodies O +directed O +to O +either O +w O +or O +r O +determinant O +, O +labeled O +with O +131I O +and O +125I O +, O +respectively O +, O +by O +HBsAg B-Chemical +was O +determined O +in O +the O +same O +experiment O +, O +taking O +advantage O +of O +the O +fact O +that O +these O +specificities O +are O +in O +general O +, O +expressed O +mutually O +exclusively O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ratio O +for O +seven O +sera O +containing O +HBsAg B-Chemical +with O +w O +determinant O +was O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +1 O +, O +and O +that O +for O +34 O +with O +r O +determinant O +was O +more O +than O +10 O +; O +100 O +- O +fold O +difference O +was O +noted O +between O +values O +of O +w O +and O +r O +antigens O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +diisopropylfluorophosphate B-Chemical +inhibitable O +step O +in O +antigen O +- O +induced O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +from O +human O +leukocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +ethylenediaminetetraacetate O +( O +EDTA O +) O +and O +2 O +deoxyglucose O +( O +2DG O +) O +still O +inhibit O +the O +reactions O +when O +added O +5 O +min O +after O +antigen O +. O + +aps B-category +Such O +priming O +at O +0 O +degrees O +C O +is O +at O +least O +equivalent O +to O +priming O +for O +2 O +to O +4 O +min O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +. O +During O +antigen O +priming O +at O +0 O +degrees O +C O +the O +cells O +are O +not O +activated O +beyond O +the O +step O +in O +the O +release O +sequence O +which O +is O +inhibited O +by O +diisopropylfluorophosphate B-Chemical +( O +DFP O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Incubation O +of O +leukocytes O +with O +specific O +antigen O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +for O +3 O +min O +resulted O +in O +significant O +but O +not O +quite O +complete O +priming O +for O +subsequent O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +antigen O +. O + +aps B-category +Incubation O +of O +leukocytes O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +with O +DFP O +but O +without O +antigen O +for O +up O +to O +15 O +min O +followed O +by O +washing O +did O +not O +impair O +subsequent O +antigen O +- O +induced O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +by O +these O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Localization O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +on O +the O +plasmalemma O +of O +rabbit O +sperm O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +enhanced O +binding O +of O +ferritin O +was O +demonstrated O +if O +washed O +sperm O +were O +pre O +- O +incubated O +in O +PGE1 B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Hepatocarcinogenesis O +by O +diethylnitrosamine B-Chemical +in O +rats O +fed O +high O +dietary O +levels O +of O +lipotropes O +. O + +aps B-category +Choline O +, O +betaine B-Chemical +, O +and O +folic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +consistently O +exerted O +no O +significant O +effect O +on O +those O +mean O +survival O +times O +. O + +aps B-category +Dimethylthetin O +( O +sulfur O +analogue O +of O +betaine B-Chemical +) O +, O +methotrexate B-Chemical +, O +lecithin O +, O +and O +cephalin O +exerted O +no O +effect O +on O +the O +carcinogenic O +activity O +of O +DENA O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +solitary O +neoplasm O +was O +located O +in O +the O +glandular O +stomach O +of O +a O +25 O +. O +5 O +- O +month O +- O +old O +animal O +that O +had O +ingested O +for O +12 O +months O +laboratory O +chow O +to O +which O +arecoline O +and O +calcium B-Chemical +hydroxide O +[ O +Ca O +( O +OH O +) O +2 O +] O +had O +been O +added O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +of O +infected O +cells O +with O +cytosine B-Chemical +arabinoside I-Chemical +( O +ara B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +C I-Chemical +) O +, O +which O +inhibited O +the O +synthesis O +of O +HSV O +- O +1 O +DNA O +beyond O +the O +level O +of O +detection O +, O +markedly O +affected O +the O +types O +and O +amounts O +of O +viral O +proteins O +made O +in O +the O +infected O +cell O +. O + +aps B-category +Finally O +, O +it O +was O +shown O +that O +the O +effect O +of O +ara B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +C I-Chemical +on O +late O +protein O +synthesis O +was O +dependent O +upon O +the O +time O +after O +infection O +that O +the O +drug O +was O +added O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +shown O +by O +the O +rate O +of O +decrease O +of O +radioactive O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +incorporation O +into O +viral O +proteins O +after O +the O +addition O +of O +actinomycin O +, O +the O +average O +lifetime O +of O +early O +viral O +mRNA O +' O +s O +are O +shorter O +than O +those O +for O +the O +late O +messenger O +species O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +50 O +to O +60S O +viral O +RNA O +had O +a O +guanine O +plus O +cytosine B-Chemical +content O +of O +56 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Comparative O +data O +on O +the O +use O +of O +Muller O +' O +s O +medium O +and O +magnesium B-Chemical +medium O +for O +the O +demonstration O +of O +Salmonella O +in O +food O +products O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Study O +of O +indices O +of O +gastric O +secretion O +by O +use O +of O +the O +intravenous O +histamine B-Chemical +infusion O +test O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Determination O +of O +higher O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +the O +blood O +serum O +by O +the O +gas O +- O +liquid O +chromatography O +method O +and O +use O +of O +diazomethane O +for O +their O +methylation O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +observed O +to O +be O +large O +molecular O +( O +approximate O +molecular O +sizes O +1 O +to O +2 O +times O +10 O +- O +6 O +) O +, O +and O +to O +be O +composed O +of O +fucose O +, O +galactose B-Chemical +, O +glucosamine O +, O +and O +galactosamine B-Chemical +as O +well O +as O +small O +amounts O +of O +sialic O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +Nuclear O +HB O +Ag O +did O +not O +stain O +with O +aldehyde B-Chemical +fuchsin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +arterial O +and O +venous O +concentrations O +of O +ketone B-Chemical +bodies O +and O +other O +metabolites O +were O +measured O +in O +twelve O +adults O +, O +from O +2 O +to O +24 O +hours O +after O +injury O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +neuropathy O +was O +not O +noted O +in O +any O +of O +the O +fifty O +- O +six O +patients O +in O +this O +series O +who O +had O +no O +evidence O +of O +a O +monoclonal O +gammopathy O +( O +thirty O +- O +five O +with O +secondary O +and O +twenty O +- O +one O +with O +primary O +amyloidosis O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +body O +cholesterol B-Chemical +pool O +increases O +with O +decreasing O +plasma O +- O +high O +- O +density O +- O +lipoprotein O +( O +H O +. O +D O +. O +L O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +facilitates O +the O +uptake O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +from O +peripheral O +tissues O +and O +its O +transport O +to O +the O +liver O +for O +catabolism O +and O +excretion O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Calcium B-Chemical +balance O +in O +pregnancy O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Body O +nitrogen B-Chemical +after O +trauma O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Neonatal O +hyperbilirubinaemia O +and O +oxytocin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Heterogeneity O +of O +calcitonin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +White O +cells O +and O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +in O +alcoholism O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +organism O +was O +responsible O +for O +both O +colonisation O +and O +invasive O +infection O +in O +these O +patients O +whose O +burn O +surfaces O +were O +receiving O +topical O +treatment O +with O +0 O +. O +5 O +% O +silver B-Chemical +nitrate B-Chemical +( O +AgNO3 O +) O +solution O +. O + +aps B-category +Also O +, O +strains O +of O +S O +. O +typhimurium O +, O +isolated O +elsewhere O +and O +showing O +simultaneous O +resistance O +to O +both O +ampicillin B-Chemical +and O +chloramphenicol B-Chemical +, O +were O +not O +resistant O +to O +AgNO3 O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +Twenty O +- O +seven O +patients O +with O +advanced O +diffuse O +histiocytic O +lymphoma O +( O +reticulum O +- O +cell O +sarcoma O +) O +were O +treated O +with O +combination O +chemotherapy O +utilising O +nitrogen B-Chemical +mustard O +( O +or O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +) O +, O +procarbazine O +, O +vincristine B-Chemical +, O +and O +prednisone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Propranolol B-Chemical +inhibited O +the O +arrhythmia O +only O +to O +the O +extent O +that O +is O +slowed O +the O +heart O +. O + +aps B-category +Doctors O +, O +players O +and O +referees O +should O +be O +aware O +that O +severe O +sporting O +exertion O +as O +in O +rugby O +football O +involves O +a O +risk O +which O +for O +most O +players O +is O +relatively O +minor O +, O +but O +in O +the O +minority O +predisposed O +to O +heart O +- O +attacks O +by O +family O +history O +, O +smoking B-Chemical +, O +or O +age O +( O +as O +in O +referees O +) O +the O +risk O +is O +more O +serious O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Prednisone B-Chemical +in O +Duchenne O +muscular O +dystrophy O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Disulfiram B-Chemical +, O +carbon B-Chemical +disulphide O +, O +and O +atherosclerosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Prolonged O +excretion O +of O +gentamicin B-Chemical +in O +a O +patient O +with O +umimpaired O +renal O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +Sequential O +oral O +glucose B-Chemical +tolerance O +testing O +in O +a O +population O +has O +enabled O +the O +identification O +of O +14 O +" O +true O +prediabetic O +" O +subjects O +with O +baseline O +two O +- O +hour O +plasma O +glucose B-Chemical +levels O +smaller O +than O +160 O +mg O +. O +per O +100 O +ml O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +but O +one O +were O +matched O +for O +baseline O +two O +- O +hour O +plasma O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +relative O +weight O +with O +a O +subject O +whose O +glucose B-Chemical +tolerance O +remained O +unchanged O +during O +a O +mean O +follow O +- O +up O +period O +of O +4 O +years O +. O + +aps B-category +Human O +phagocytes O +that O +had O +ingested O +gonococci O +were O +incubated O +with O +increasing O +concentrations O +of O +penicillin B-Chemical +in O +fresh O +human O +serum O +. O + +aps B-category +Functional O +role O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +in O +infection O +and O +autoimmunity O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +normal O +serum O +, O +only O +a O +fraction O +of O +the O +cholesterol B-Chemical +attached O +to O +lipoprotein O +is O +available O +for O +binding O +, O +probably O +as O +a O +cholesterol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +peptide I-Chemical +complex O +formed O +during O +catabolic O +breakdown O +of O +the O +lipoprotein O +. O + +aps B-category +Endogenous O +esterase O +similarly O +increases O +the O +amount O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +peptide I-Chemical +complex O +, O +a O +mechanism O +which O +may O +be O +activated O +as O +a O +feedback O +process O +following O +binding O +of O +toxin O +to O +the O +cholesterol B-Chemical +component O +of O +the O +complex O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Arthralgia O +after O +high O +- O +dose O +steroids B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Intravenous O +prostaglandins B-Chemical +and O +oxytocin B-Chemical +for O +mid O +- O +trimester O +abortion O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Discrepancy O +between O +solution O +and O +bioavailability O +of O +digoxin B-Chemical +tablets O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Hepanosticon O +in O +screening O +for O +HBsAg B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Fluorouracil I-Chemical +and O +angina O +. O + +aps B-category +also O +reacted O +with O +thymidine B-Chemical +, O +a O +base O +present O +in O +D O +. O +N O +. O +A O +. O + +aps B-category +Urine O +specimens O +from O +1778 O +mentally O +retarded O +patients O +and O +420 O +age O +and O +sex O +matched O +non O +- O +retarded O +controls O +selected O +from O +a O +general O +practice O +have O +been O +analysed O +for O +non B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +organic O +acids O +by O +a O +quantitative O +extraction O +and O +gas O +chromatographic O +method O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Plasma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +potassium I-Chemical +levels O +in O +leukaemia O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Prednisone B-Chemical +in O +Duchenne O +muscular O +dystrophy O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Pimozide B-Chemical +in O +monosymptomatic O +psychosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Effect O +of O +Bordetella O +pertussis B-Chemical +vaccine I-Chemical +on O +growth O +of O +hepatoma O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Cocaine B-Chemical +, O +kindling O +, O +and O +reverse O +tolerance O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Neurotoxicity O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluorouracil I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Natural O +oestrogens B-Chemical +and O +antithrombin O +- O +III O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +DIC O +- O +fibrinolysis O +with O +low O +antithrombin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +heparin I-Chemical +cofactor O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclic O +AMP O +, O +GMP O +, O +prostaglandins B-Chemical +and O +bronchial O +asthma O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Partial O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +sequence O +of O +rabbit O +beta2 O +- O +microglobulin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +action O +of O +BTX O +was O +studied O +in O +cat O +sciatic O +nerves O +in O +vitro O +by O +measuring O +the O +rate O +of O +the O +crest O +outflow O +after O +injection O +of O +the O +L7 O +dorsal O +root O +ganglion O +with O +[ O +3 O +- O +H O +] O +leucine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +High O +concentrations O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +ion O +protected O +against O +the O +blocking O +action O +of O +BTX O +, O +while O +magnesium B-Chemical +ion O +did O +not O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +ascitic O +forms O +of O +two O +antigenically O +distinct O +guinea O +pig O +hepatomas O +induced O +by O +diethylnitrosamine B-Chemical +are O +treated O +in O +vitro O +with O +chemotherapeutic O +drugs O +, O +their O +sensitivity O +to O +killing O +by O +xenogeneic O +antibody O +plus O +guinea O +pig O +complement O +increases O +. O + +aps B-category +Semithin O +sections O +are O +directly O +stained O +for O +1 O +hour O +at O +60C O +with O +saturated O +Sudan O +black O +B O +in O +70 O +% O +ethanol B-Chemical +without O +removing O +the O +embedding O +resin O +. O + +aps B-category +Staining O +of O +protein O +in O +sections O +using O +the O +mercuric O +bromphenol O +blue O +technic O +is O +improved O +by O +staining O +with O +1 O +% O +HgCl2 O +and O +0 O +. O +05 O +% O +bromphenol O +blue O +in O +2 O +% O +aqueous O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +for O +15 O +min O +at O +room O +temperature O +. O + +aps B-category +Blot O +and O +give O +2 O +fast O +changes O +in O +absolute O +ethanol B-Chemical +with O +agitation O +before O +transferring O +to O +xylene O +. O + +aps B-category +Suppression O +of O +connective O +tissue O +impregnation O +in O +a O +silver B-Chemical +technique O +for O +demonstrating O +nerve O +fibers O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +are O +fixed O +for O +30 O +minutes O +in O +formol O +- O +sublimate O +( O +10 O +% O +formalin B-Chemical +saturated O +with O +mercuric O +chloride B-Chemical +) O +and O +then O +placed O +into O +0 O +. O +5 O +% O +iodine B-Chemical +in O +70 O +% O +alcohol B-Chemical +for O +5 O +minutes O +followed O +by O +bleaching O +in O +2 O +. O +5 O +% O +sodium B-Chemical +thiosulfate O +for O +2 O +minutes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +air O +drying O +step O +was O +omitted O +; O +the O +sections O +were O +fixed O +in O +formalin B-Chemical +without O +mercuric O +chloride B-Chemical +; O +and O +the O +formol O +- O +sublimate O +fixation O +time O +was O +increased O +. O + +aps B-category +Rat O +Novikoff O +hepatoma O +, O +rat O +liver O +, O +and O +human O +colon O +and O +skin O +samples O +were O +fixed O +in O +Bouin O +' O +s O +, O +stained O +with O +iron B-Chemical +hematoxylin B-Chemical +, O +treated O +with O +Herr O +' O +s O +4 O +1 O +/ O +2 O +clearing O +fluid O +and O +examined O +by O +phase O +contrast B-Chemical +microscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +Therapeutic O +fractions O +were O +obtained O +by O +fractionating O +human O +plasma O +containing O +HBs O +antigen O +, O +by O +the O +Cohn O +ethanol B-Chemical +technique O +modified O +by O +Nitschmann O +. O + +aps B-category +Several O +clinical O +and O +serologic O +variants O +of O +SLE O +are O +recognized O +including O +discoid O +lupus O +erythematosus O +( O +DLE O +) O +, O +mixed O +connective O +tissue O +disease O +( O +MCTD O +) O +and O +drug O +- O +induced O +equivalents O +- O +such O +as O +procainamide B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +lupus O +( O +PIL O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Inorder O +to O +study O +the O +relationship O +between O +epidermal O +surface O +saccharides O +and O +pemphigus O +antigen O +( O +s O +) O +, O +fluorescein B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +labelled I-Chemical +Concanavalin O +A O +( O +Con O +A O +) O +and O +Phytohemagglutinin O +- O +P O +( O +PHA O +- O +P O +) O +were O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +Normal O +human O +skin O +reacted O +with O +pemphigus O +antibody O +and O +pemphigus O +skin O +with O +the O +deposition O +of O +IgG O +both O +gave O +a O +positive O +intercellular O +staining O +pattern O +with O +fluorescein B-Chemical +labelled O +phytohemagglutinins O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +clearance O +values O +were O +43 O +and O +45 O +% O +, O +respectively O +, O +of O +the O +creatinine B-Chemical +clearance O +in O +the O +two O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fine O +structure O +of O +the O +subcutaneous O +lymphatic O +vessel O +taken O +from O +the O +dorsum O +pedis O +of O +the O +human O +adult O +was O +investigated O +without O +and O +after O +impregnation O +by O +periodic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +methenamine O +silver B-Chemical +( O +PAM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Interaction O +of O +contraceptive O +progestins B-Chemical +and O +related O +compounds O +with O +the O +oestrogen B-Chemical +receptor O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reduction O +of O +oestrogen B-Chemical +binding O +appeared O +to O +be O +dose O +- O +dependent O +, O +but O +the O +dose O +required O +to O +obtain O +a O +certain O +effect O +for O +the O +uterus O +was O +four O +times O +as O +high O +as O +for O +the O +pituitary O +. O + +aps B-category +Interaction O +of O +contraceptive O +progestins B-Chemical +and O +related O +compounds O +with O +the O +oestrogen B-Chemical +receptor O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +contraceptive O +progestins B-Chemical +of O +the O +19 O +- O +nortestosterone O +series O +were O +able O +to O +interfere O +with O +oestradiol O +binding O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +the O +hydroxyprogesterone O +derivatives O +chlormadinone O +, O +medroxyprogesterone O +and O +megestrol O +. O + +aps B-category +Synthetic O +gestagens O +were O +administered O +orally O +or O +intramuscularly O +during O +25 O +early O +pregnancies O +in O +order O +to O +determine O +their O +effects O +, O +if O +any O +, O +on O +the O +peripheral O +plasma O +levels O +of O +progesterone B-Chemical +and O +estradiol B-Chemical +, O +in O +relation O +to O +the O +possibility O +of O +their O +inducing O +vaginal O +bleeding O +and O +abortion O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +remaining O +23 O +pregnancies O +, O +no O +vaginal O +bleeding O +or O +abortion O +occurred O +within O +about O +a O +week O +of O +treatment O +, O +and O +gestagens O +had O +no O +consistent O +effect O +upon O +progesterone B-Chemical +or O +estradiol B-Chemical +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +simple O +, O +easily O +reproducible O +periodic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Schiff I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +light I-Chemical +green O +stain O +( O +PAS O +- O +LG O +) O +for O +the O +detection O +of O +glomerular O +protein O +deposits O +by O +routine O +light O +microscopy O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +least O +two O +of O +the O +patients O +were O +abstinent O +from O +alcohol B-Chemical +, O +both O +prior O +to O +and O +after O +the O +surgical O +procedures O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +authors O +conclude O +that O +these O +cases O +of O +progressive O +hepatic O +disease O +with O +histologic O +changes O +simulating O +those O +found O +in O +livers O +of O +alcoholic O +patients O +offer O +evidence O +that O +heavy O +alcohol B-Chemical +consumption O +may O +affect O +the O +liver O +in O +an O +indirect O +fashion O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +series O +of O +78 O +cases O +of O +acute O +lymphocytic O +leukemia O +, O +seven O +were O +found O +to O +demonstrate O +blast O +cells O +staining O +strongly O +for O +both O +the O +periodic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Schiff I-Chemical +reaction O +and O +alpha O +- O +naphthyl O +acetate O +esterase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +oral O +administration O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +paradoxically O +increased O +whereas O +the O +intravenous O +administration O +decreased O +plasma O +glucagon O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +short O +- O +and O +long O +- O +term O +administration O +of O +alpha O +adrenergic O +blockade O +depressed O +the O +glucagon O +response O +to O +epinephrine B-Chemical +infusion O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +conclude O +that O +( O +1 O +) O +the O +tumor O +was O +responsive O +to O +physiologic O +stimuli O +known O +to O +affect O +glucagon O +secretion O +; O +( O +2 O +) O +elevations O +of O +plasma O +glucagon O +levels O +with O +oral O +and O +dietary O +glucose B-Chemical +suggest O +regulation O +of O +secretion O +by O +intestinal O +factors O +; O +and O +( O +3 O +) O +improvement O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +tolerance O +with O +alpha O +adrenergic O +blockade O +may O +be O +related O +to O +increased O +insulin O +secretion O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +compared O +two O +methods O +for O +serum O +thyroxine B-Chemical +measurement O +by O +competitive O +protein O +binding O +- O +the O +Murphy O +and O +Pattee O +and O +the O +Seligson O +and O +Seligson O +methods O +. O + +aps B-category +plus O +or O +minus O +0 O +. O +28 O +ug O +/ O +dl O +, O +and O +98 O +. O +3 O +per O +cent O +of O +added O +thyroxine B-Chemical +is O +recovered O +in O +the O +Seligson O +and O +Seligson O +method O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +blind O +study O +was O +done O +in O +402 O +endometrial O +biopsies O +of O +women O +who O +had O +intrauterine O +devices O +releasing O +different O +daily O +amounts O +of O +progesterone B-Chemical +or O +a O +placebo O +( O +empty O +device O +) O +: O +175 O +were O +obtained O +in O +what O +presumably O +was O +the O +proliferative O +phase O +and O +227 O +in O +the O +secretory O +stage O +, O +as O +all O +these O +subjects O +were O +normal O +, O +healthy O +women O +with O +a O +history O +of O +previous O +fertility O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +significance O +of O +these O +data O +is O +discussed O +on O +the O +grounds O +of O +the O +frequent O +similarities O +of O +the O +changes O +here O +reported O +with O +those O +in O +women O +using O +combined O +oral O +steroids B-Chemical +for O +contraception O +. O + +aps B-category +Various O +degrees O +of O +conduction O +defects O +occurred O +in O +17 O +of O +21 O +observations O +before O +atropine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +They O +could O +also O +be O +due O +to O +an O +increased O +sensitivity O +of O +the O +fetal O +myocardium O +to O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +under O +hypoxic O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +Analysis O +of O +the O +study O +population O +revealed O +that O +there O +were O +more O +women O +than O +men O +, O +( O +26 O +vs O +. O +17 O +) O +, O +the O +women O +were O +older O +than O +the O +men O +, O +and O +more O +women O +had O +positive O +glucose B-Chemical +tolerance O +tests O +( O +25 O +% O +vs O +. O +0 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Regional O +and O +cellular O +distribution O +of O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +14C I-Chemical +in O +mouse O +brain O +was O +determined O +by O +frozen O +- O +section O +radioautographic O +methods O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +WRL O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +concentration O +was O +55 O +per O +cent O +higher O +in O +large O +pyramidal O +cells O +in O +the O +parietal O +cortex O +than O +in O +surrounding O +neuropil O +. O + +aps B-category +Lipid O +- O +rich O +compartments O +had O +higher O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +concentrations O +at O +WRR O +than O +at O +WRL O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +Key O +words O +: O +Brain O +, O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +uptake O +; O +hypnotics O +, O +barbiturates O +, O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +; O +pharmacokinetics O +, O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +uptake O +. O + +aps B-category +Repeated O +oral O +administration O +of O +coumaphos O +in O +sheep O +: O +interactions O +of O +coumaphos O +with O +bishydroxycoumarin O +, O +trichlorfon O +, O +and O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +sodium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +daily O +dose O +of O +2 O +mg O +of O +coumaphos O +/ O +kg O +of O +body O +weight O +for O +6 O +days O +did O +not O +affect O +the O +plasma O +enzymes O +or O +the O +antiprothrombinemic O +effect O +of O +bishydroxy B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +coumarin I-Chemical +in O +wethers O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +wish O +to O +determine O +what O +cellular O +and O +functional O +alterations O +are O +associated O +with O +the O +development O +of O +glomeruloscierosis O +when O +rats O +with O +one O +kidney O +are O +fed O +an O +excess O +of O +salt B-Chemical +or O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +Reaction O +of O +cultured O +adult O +and O +fetal O +lung O +to O +prednisolone B-Chemical +and O +thyroxine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Prednisolone B-Chemical +accelerated O +uptake O +of O +lipid O +precursor O +and O +decelerated O +DNA O +synthesis O +; O +thyroxine B-Chemical +treated O +explants O +were O +not O +different O +from O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +Similarly O +, O +cultures O +of O +fetal O +lung O +exhibited O +maturation O +with O +appearance O +of O +lamellar O +bodies O +only O +when O +prednisolone B-Chemical +was O +administered O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ultracytochemistry O +showed O +that O +the O +secretion O +granules O +of O +all O +morphological O +types O +of O +the O +endocrine O +cells O +were O +precipitated O +with O +both O +the O +argyrophil O +and O +argentaffin O +silver B-Chemical +grains O +in O +varying O +intensity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +endocrine O +cells O +containing O +pleomorphic O +secretion O +granules O +were O +heavily O +precipitated O +with O +both O +the O +argyrophil O +and O +argentaffin O +silver B-Chemical +grains O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +normoblasts O +from O +patients O +with O +chronic O +erythremic O +myelosis O +were O +stained O +with O +the O +anthraquinone B-Chemical +dye O +, O +alizarine O +red O +S O +, O +a O +purple O +perinuclear O +halo O +appeared O +. O + +aps B-category +Hyaluronic O +acid O +( O +4 O +mg O +/ O +ml O +) O +augmented O +elevenfold O +the O +copper B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +catalyzed I-Chemical +( O +7 O +muM O +) O +thermal O +( O +63 O +degrees O +C O +, O +2 O +hours O +) O +aggregation O +of O +human O +gamma O +globulin O +( O +2 O +mg O +/ O +ml O +) O +in O +0 O +. O +075 O +M O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +, O +pH O +7 O +. O +4 O +. O + +aps B-category +Hyaluronate O +- O +augmented O +copper B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +catalyzed I-Chemical +thermal O +aggregation O +was O +inhibited O +by O +L O +- O +histidine O +, O +gold B-Chemical +thiomalate O +, O +N O +- O +ethylmaleimide O +, O +p O +- O +chloromercuribenzoic O +acid O +, O +and O +ethylenediaminetetraacetic O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +extracts O +of O +rat O +tissues O +on O +the O +action O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Incubation O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +with O +Peak O +A O +or O +B O +caused O +loss O +of O +the O +ability O +of O +the O +antibiotic O +to O +degrade O +DNA O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +histochemical O +stain O +for O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +activity O +( O +alpha O +- O +naphthyl O +acid O +phosphate B-Chemical +coupled O +with O +Fast O +Blue O +RR O +) O +specifically O +stained O +the O +precipitin O +line O +. O + +aps B-category +Iron B-Chemical +storage O +macrophages O +do O +not O +incorporate O +the O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +structural O +organization O +of O +the O +adrenergic O +( O +sympathetic O +) O +component O +of O +the O +autonomic O +innervation O +of O +the O +depressor O +zone O +of O +the O +cat O +aortic O +arch O +was O +studied O +by O +luminescence O +microscopy O +of O +the O +catecholamines B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Small O +amounts O +of O +zinc B-Chemical +stimulate O +rapid O +axonal O +transport O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +influence O +of O +ligation O +and O +colchicine O +treatment O +on O +the O +axonal O +transport O +of O +slowly O +migrating O +[ O +3H O +] O +leucine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +labelled I-Chemical +proteins O +was O +studied O +in O +the O +vagus O +nerve O +of O +the O +rabbit O +. O + +aps B-category +Transport O +of O +choline B-Chemical +acetyltransferase O +and O +acetylcholinesterase O +in O +the O +central O +stump O +and O +isolated O +segments O +of O +a O +peripheral O +nerve O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +ChAc O +, O +the O +transport O +of O +AChE O +is O +fast O +, O +bidirectional O +, O +and O +concerns O +a O +minor O +proportion O +of O +enzyme O +in O +the O +nerve O +; O +the O +transported O +enzyme O +is O +associated O +with O +organelles O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +yeast O +extract O +as O +the O +carbon B-Chemical +source O +( O +5 O +g O +/ O +liter O +) O +and O +ammonium B-Chemical +nitrate B-Chemical +( O +1 O +g O +/ O +liter O +) O +as O +the O +nitrogen B-Chemical +source O +, O +both O +Rhizopus O +arrhizus O +and O +Penicillium O +notatum O +degraded O +the O +insecticide O +to O +a O +larger O +extent O +than O +with O +any O +other O +combination O +of O +nutrients O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +carbon B-Chemical +source O +during O +growth O +on O +sensitivity O +of O +Pseudomonas O +fluorescens O +to O +actinomycin O +D O +. O + +aps B-category +Growth O +is O +inhibited O +in O +succinate O +minimal O +medium O +by O +much O +lower O +concentrations O +of O +AD O +than O +in O +glucose B-Chemical +minimal O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +EDTA O +treatment O +promotes O +increased O +sensitivity O +to O +AD O +in O +succinate O +- O +grown O +cells O +but O +does O +not O +alter O +sensitivity O +in O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +grown I-Chemical +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +grown I-Chemical +cells O +had O +much O +higher O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +levels O +in O +the O +envelope O +than O +succinate O +- O +grown O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +modified O +ruthenium B-Chemical +red O +staining O +procedure O +was O +used O +to O +examine O +the O +fine O +structure O +of O +capsule O +and O +slime O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +an O +evaluation O +of O +indium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +111 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bleomycin I-Chemical +as O +a O +tumor O +- O +imaging O +agent O +, O +357 O +whole O +- O +body O +tumor O +scans O +were O +performed O +in O +293 O +patients O +. 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O + +aps B-category +No O +well O +defined O +ACTH B-Chemical +cells O +were O +found O +in O +the O +RPD O +of O +the O +minnow O +( O +Phoxinus O +phoxinus O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +interaction O +of O +( O +N O +- O +methyl O +- O +14C O +) O +morphine B-Chemical +with O +purified O +human O +albumin O +and O +gamma O +globulin O +and O +with O +human O +plasma O +was O +studied O +by O +equilibrium O +dialysis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +per O +cent O +of O +drug O +bound O +to O +protein O +was O +dependent O +on O +protein O +concentration O +but O +independent O +of O +drug O +concentration O +in O +the O +therapeutic O +range O +of O +plasma O +morphine B-Chemical +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +likely O +that O +the O +lower O +lipid O +solubility O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +compared O +to O +methadone B-Chemical +is O +related O +to O +its O +decreased O +affinity O +for O +plasma O +proteins O +. O + +aps B-category +Single O +oral O +doses O +were O +given O +of O +the O +test O +drug O +( O +100 O +and O +200 O +mg O +) O +, O +aspirin B-Chemical +( O +600 O +and O +1 O +, O +000 O +mg O +) O +, O +and O +placebo O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Model O +experiments O +on O +pheasants O +using O +1 O +insecticide O +( O +Lindane B-Chemical +) O +, O +1 O +herbicide O +( O +Terbutryn O +) O +1 O +mineral O +fertilzer O +( O +calcium B-Chemical +ammonium B-Chemical +salpeter O +) O +and O +1 O +fungicide O +( O +HCB O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +for O +R O +- O +c O +and O +R O +- O +c2 O +obtained O +for O +the O +various O +samples O +of O +complexed O +DNA O +were O +extrapolated O +to O +the O +limiting O +binding O +ratio O +where O +each O +dye O +molecule O +is O +associated O +with O +a O +minimum O +of O +six O +nucleotide B-Chemical +pairs O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +vasodilatation O +was O +prevented O +by O +pretreatment O +with O +atropine B-Chemical +or O +chlorpromazine B-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +by O +alpha O +- O +or O +theta O +- O +adrenoceptor O +blocking O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +Chemical O +and O +autoradiographic O +analysis O +of O +gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +aminobutyric I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +transport O +in O +Purkinje O +cells O +of O +the O +cerebellum O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +specific O +antiandrogenic O +steroid B-Chemical +cyproterone B-Chemical +acetate I-Chemical +was O +administered O +daily O +to O +mice O +of O +three O +different O +inbred O +strains O +starting O +from O +the O +day O +of O +birth O +until O +the O +age O +of O +30 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +antibiotics O +( O +rifampicin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +RIF I-Chemical +, O +puromycin O +- O +PU O +, O +chloramphenicol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +CHF I-Chemical +and O +cycloheximide B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +CYC I-Chemical +) O +on O +the O +frequency O +of O +chromosomal O +abnormalities O +induced O +by O +TEPA O +[ O +tris O +( O +1 O +- O +aziridinyl O +) O +phosphine O +oxide O +] O +was O +studied O +by O +the O +cytogenetic O +analysis O +in O +mice O +during O +spermatogenesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Japanese O +encephalitis O +virions O +contain O +a O +58 O +X O +10 O +- O +3 O +- O +molecular O +- O +weight O +envelope O +glycoprotein O +antigen O +that O +can O +be O +solubilized O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +lauryl O +sulfate O +and O +separated O +from O +other O +virion O +structural O +polypeptides O +and O +viral O +ribonucleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +by O +gel O +filtration O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +Unique O +serum O +requirement O +for O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +from O +human O +basophils O +. O + +aps B-category +Washed O +leukocytes O +, O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +serum O +, O +released O +little O +histamine B-Chemical +on O +challenge O +with O +seminal O +plasma O +antigen O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +combination O +of O +the O +latter O +, O +advanced O +technique O +with O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +analysis O +, O +molecular O +weight O +determination O +by O +size O +chromatography O +, O +urea B-Chemical +treatment O +, O +staining O +for O +oxidase O +activity O +and O +enzymatic O +proteolysis O +, O +has O +revealed O +that O +: O +1 O +) O +human O +cerulplasmin O +is O +a O +heterogeneous O +mixture O +of O +two O +glycoproteins O +( O +x O +) O +differing O +only O +in O +their O +carbohydrate O +content O +and O +2 O +) O +the O +protein O +part O +contains O +at O +least O +one O +very O +labile O +peptide O +bond O +which O +upon O +enzymatic O +hydrolysis O +gives O +rise O +to O +peptides O +with O +molecular O +weights O +of O +93 O +, O +000 O +( O +y O +) O +and O +24 O +, O +000 O +( O +z O +) O +dalton O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Uptake O +of O +arsenate O +and O +phosphate B-Chemical +by O +Streptococcus O +faecalis O +9790 O +is O +strictly O +dependent O +on O +concurrent O +energy O +metabolism O +and O +essentially O +unidirectional O +. O + +aps B-category +Ionophores O +and O +N O +, O +N O +' O +- O +dicyclohexylcarbodiimide O +, O +which O +prevent O +establishment O +of O +a O +proton O +motive O +force O +, O +block O +the O +accumulation O +of O +thiomethylgalactoside O +and O +of O +threonine O +but O +not O +that O +of O +arsenate O +or O +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +conditions O +and O +reagents O +that O +lower O +the O +cytoplasmic O +pH O +do O +inhibit O +accumulation O +of O +arsenate O +and O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +suggesting O +that O +uptake O +depends O +on O +the O +capacity O +of O +the O +cells O +to O +maintain O +a O +neutral O +or O +alkaline O +cytoplasm O +. O + +aps B-category +Accumulation O +of O +aspartate B-Chemical +and O +glutamate B-Chemical +also O +requires O +adenosine B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- O +triphosphate O +but O +not O +the O +proton O +- O +motive O +force O +and O +may O +involve O +a O +similar O +mechanism O +. O + +aps B-category +Ruthenium B-Chemical +red I-Chemical +staining O +was O +used O +to O +delineate O +a O +layer O +of O +filamentous O +material O +external O +to O +the O +outer O +membrane O +; O +this O +fuzzy O +layer O +has O +a O +mean O +thickness O +of O +20 O +nm O +and O +is O +not O +often O +seen O +on O +the O +surface O +of O +cells O +prepared O +by O +conventional O +means O +. O + +aps B-category +Dexamethasone B-Chemical +( O +1 O +, O +4 O +- O +pregnadiene O +- O +9 O +- O +fluor O +- O +16alpha O +- O +methyl O +- O +11beta O +, O +17alpha O +, O +21 O +- O +triol O +- O +3 O +, O +20 O +- O +dione O +) O +, O +a O +potent O +synthetic O +glucocorticoid O +, O +stimulates O +mouse O +mammary O +tumor O +virus O +expression O +10 O +- O +to O +20 O +- O +fold O +in O +tissue O +culture O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Steroid B-Chemical +responsiveness O +was O +associated O +with O +specific O +increases O +in O +type O +B O +murine O +mammary O +tumor O +virus O +structural O +polypeptide O +( O +gp52 O +( O +sl O +) O +expression O +and O +murine O +mammary O +tumor O +virus O +RNA O +that O +quantitatively O +paralleled O +the O +increase O +in O +extracellular O +virus O +production O +as O +measured O +by O +electron O +microscopy O +and O +supernatant O +RNA O +- O +dependent O +DNA O +polymerase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +increase O +in O +basal O +levels O +of O +type O +C O +murine O +leukemia O +viral O +proteins O +or O +RNA O +was O +detected O +in O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +mammary O +cell O +lines O +which O +were O +producing O +increased O +levels O +of O +murine O +mammary O +tumor O +virus O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +the O +differential O +expression O +of O +fg O +- O +E O +- O +neo O +by O +the O +E O +fragments O +may O +be O +primarily O +dependent O +upon O +differences O +in O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +compositions O +of O +the O +fragments O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +particles O +from O +the O +mnn2 O +- O +2 O +mutant O +were O +indistinguishable O +from O +wild O +type O +cells O +in O +their O +transferase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Immunochemical O +heterogeneity O +of O +calcitonin B-Chemical +in O +plasma O +of O +patients O +with O +medullary O +thryoid O +carcinoma O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +two O +antisera O +used O +had O +different O +binding O +affinities O +for O +the O +NH2 O +- O +and O +COOH O +- O +terminal O +regions O +of O +synthetic O +calcitonin B-Chemical +monomer O +( O +CT O +- O +1 O +- O +32 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mechanism O +of O +staining O +is O +unclear O +but O +may O +be O +related O +to O +the O +presence O +of O +disulphide O +bonds O +in O +( O +HBsAG B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Apart O +from O +some O +of O +the O +animal O +feed O +ingredients O +the O +DDT O +residues O +were O +generally O +the O +predominant O +contaminants O +detected O +together O +with O +lower O +levels O +of O +gamma O +- O +BHC O +( O +lindane B-Chemical +) O +, O +aldrin O +/ O +dieldrin O +and O +heptachlor O +/ O +heptachlor O +epoxide O +. O + +aps B-category +DBA O +/ O +1 O +mice O +were O +primed O +with O +dinitrophenyl O +- O +keyhole O +lympet O +hemocyanin O +( O +DNP O +- O +KLH O +) O +included O +in O +aluminum B-Chemical +hydroxide O +gel O +, O +and O +the O +adoptive O +anti O +- O +DNP O +IgE O +antibody O +response O +of O +their O +spleen O +cells O +was O +studied O +by O +transfer O +into O +irradiated O +syngeneic O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +in O +virto O +immunogenicity O +of O +the O +solid O +- O +phase O +hapten O +, O +dinitrophenyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ornithine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Bio I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Gel I-Chemical +( O +DNP O +- O +O O +- O +Bio O +- O +Gel O +) O +, O +was O +investigated O +in O +cultures O +of O +mouse O +spleen O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +concluded O +, O +from O +the O +results O +of O +these O +specificity O +experiments O +, O +that O +a O +spacer O +, O +ornithine B-Chemical +, O +is O +required O +for O +immunogenicity O +of O +immobilized O +DNP O +; O +and O +that O +the O +Bio O +- O +Gel O +bead O +, O +itself O +, O +acts O +solely O +as O +a O +physical O +carrier O +for O +the O +hapten O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cyclic O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- O +monophosphate O +( O +cAMP B-Chemical +) O +content O +of O +isolated O +unstimulated O +mast O +cells O +and O +the O +changes O +induced O +by O +a O +variety O +of O +pharmacologic O +, O +metabolic O +, O +and O +physical O +stimuli O +were O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Moderate O +agitation O +or O +contact O +with O +glass O +increased O +cAMP B-Chemical +content O +about O +2 O +- O +fold O +. O + +aps B-category +Theophylline B-Chemical +( O +3 O +to O +20 O +mM O +) O +caused O +a O +dose O +- O +related O +increase O +in O +mast O +cell O +cAMP B-Chemical +content O +, O +approximately O +2 O +- O +fold O +at O +20 O +mM O +theophylline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +theophylline B-Chemical +, O +epinephrine B-Chemical +increased O +cAMP B-Chemical +levels O +equal O +to O +or O +greater O +than O +the O +sum O +of O +the O +effects O +of O +the O +agents O +used O +individually O +. O + +aps B-category +Prostaglandin O +E1 O +( O +PGE1 B-Chemical +) O +and O +histamine B-Chemical +( O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +theophylline B-Chemical +) O +also O +raised O +cAMP B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +these O +homogeneous O +single O +cell O +suspensions O +, O +therefore O +, O +cholinergic O +and O +beta O +adrenergic O +agents O +have O +opposing O +effects O +on O +cAMP B-Chemical +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +availability O +of O +highly O +purified O +mast O +cells O +and O +the O +identification O +of O +agents O +which O +either O +decrease O +or O +increase O +cAMP B-Chemical +content O +allows O +a O +direct O +examination O +of O +the O +role O +of O +cAMP B-Chemical +in O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +intracellular O +and O +extracellular O +rat O +mast O +cell O +adenosine B-Chemical +3 O +' O +: O +5 O +' O +monophosphate O +( O +cAMP B-Chemical +) O +concentrations O +during O +stimulation O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +by O +48 O +/ O +80 O +were O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +lowest O +cAMP B-Chemical +values O +were O +obtained O +at O +10 O +min O +, O +with O +return O +to O +control O +levels O +by O +30 O +min O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +a O +graded O +increase O +in O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +over O +the O +same O +concentration O +range O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +a O +general O +correlation O +between O +the O +ability O +of O +pharmacologic O +agents O +to O +sustain O +high O +intracellular O +levels O +of O +cAMP B-Chemical +in O +the O +presence O +of O +48 O +/ O +80 O +, O +and O +inhibition O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +. O + +aps B-category +Prostaglandin O +E1 O +( O +27 O +muM O +) O +also O +raised O +cAMP B-Chemical +levels O +, O +decreased O +the O +48 O +/ O +80 O +- O +induced O +fall O +in O +cAMP B-Chemical +( O +by O +42 O +% O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Carbamylcholine O +( O +1 O +nM O +) O +, O +adenine O +( O +1 O +muM O +) O +, O +and O +diazoxide O +( O +10 O +muM O +) O +lowered O +mast O +cell O +cAMP B-Chemical +and O +potentiated O +48 O +/ O +80 O +induced O +release O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +agents O +which O +prevent O +the O +fall O +in O +cAMP B-Chemical +inhibit O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +, O +it O +is O +apparent O +that O +cAMP B-Chemical +is O +an O +important O +part O +of O +the O +control O +mechanism O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +secretion O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +shown O +that O +induction O +of O +EAE O +in O +mice O +was O +critically O +dependent O +on O +the O +concentration O +of O +pertussis B-Chemical +vaccine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Induction O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +and O +desensitization O +in O +human O +leukocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +Concentration O +of O +100 O +mug O +/ O +ml O +AT O +give O +the O +same O +high O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +as O +5 O +mug O +/ O +ml O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +obtained O +with O +AT O +is O +completed O +in O +20 O +sec O +and O +the O +reaction O +is O +temperature O +- O +and O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Such O +treated O +cells O +are O +fully O +responsive O +, O +however O +, O +to O +challenge O +with O +anti O +- O +IgE O +if O +the O +pretreatment O +has O +been O +performed O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +of O +cells O +with O +AT O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +induces O +, O +besides O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +, O +decrease O +in O +sensitivity O +to O +anti O +- O +IgE O +, O +indicating O +that O +both O +AT O +and O +anti O +- O +IgE O +release O +histamine B-Chemical +from O +the O +same O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Optimal O +conditions O +for O +the O +coupling O +of O +KLH O +to O +sheep O +erythrocytes O +by O +chromic O +chloride B-Chemical +are O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +antiserum O +detected O +A O +protein O +in O +several O +of O +the O +secondary O +amyloids O +as O +well O +as O +in O +two O +primary O +amyloid O +fibril O +preparations O +which O +were O +degraded O +with O +alkali B-Chemical +; O +These O +finding O +indicate O +that O +amyloid O +fibrils O +of O +various O +origins O +have O +similarities O +in O +composition O +and O +, O +therefore O +, O +may O +have O +common O +factors O +involved O +in O +fibrillogenesis O +. O + +aps B-category +9 O +- O +O O +- O +methyloximd O +erythromycin B-Chemical +A O +and O +its O +analogue O +inhibited O +reverse O +transcriptase O +and O +blocked O +focus O +formation O +of O +Rous O +sarcoma O +virus O +. O + +aps B-category +Minor O +differences O +were O +that O +the O +nuclear O +rods O +were O +slightly O +lighter O +stained O +after O +osmium O +- O +uranyl O +acetate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lead I-Chemical +citrate B-Chemical +, O +lacked O +thin O +filaments O +protruding O +from O +their O +ends O +, O +and O +often O +were O +broader O +. O + +aps B-category +Cardiac O +effects O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +include O +stimulation O +of O +sinus O +rate O +and O +ventricular O +contractile O +force O +, O +impairment O +of O +atrioventricular O +conduction O +and O +increase O +in O +ventricular O +automaticity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +purpose O +of O +the O +present O +investigation O +was O +to O +study O +the O +influence O +of O +low O +concentrations O +of O +ouabain B-Chemical +on O +the O +cardiac O +effects O +of O +immunologically O +released O +and O +administered O +histamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +During O +anaphylaxis O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +ouabain B-Chemical +, O +10 O +- O +9 O +and O +3 O +times O +10 O +- O +9 O +M O +, O +the O +duration O +of O +conduction O +arrhythmia O +and O +the O +incidence O +of O +ventricular O +automaticity O +were O +greatly O +increased O +. O + +aps B-category +Oution O +block O +and O +idioventricular O +also O +greatly O +increased O +the O +incidence O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +atrioventricular O +conduction O +block O +and O +idioventricular O +rhythms O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +percentage O +of O +ciliated O +cells O +in O +the O +luminal B-Chemical +and O +glandular O +epithelia O +of O +endometrial O +samples O +from O +sixty O +- O +eight O +normal O +women O +has O +been O +studied O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +prolonged O +oral O +administration O +of O +the O +alpha O +- O +, O +beta O +- O +, O +and O +gamma O +- O +isomers O +of O +benzene B-Chemical +hexachloride O +( O +BHC O +) O +on O +rat O +liver O +were O +examined O +histologically O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +compared O +the O +radioimmunoassay O +( O +RIA O +) O +and O +counterimmunoelectrophoretic O +( O +CIE O +) O +methods O +in O +detecting O +hepatitis O +B O +antigen O +( O +HBsAG B-Chemical +) O +in O +407 O +acute O +and O +336 O +convalescent O +sera O +of O +adults O +with O +viral O +hepatitis O +. 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O +wt O +. O +/ O +min O +, O +did O +not O +stimulate O +aldosterone B-Chemical +secretion O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +two O +studies O +heparin B-Chemical +had O +no O +consistent O +effect O +on O +plasma O +renin O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Fractionation O +on O +Sephadex O +G O +- O +200 O +columns O +suggested O +that O +in O +molecular O +weight O +( O +or O +particle O +size O +) O +the O +immune O +- O +Indian O +- O +ink O +agglutinating O +factor O +is O +smaller O +than O +HBsAg B-Chemical +and O +larger O +than O +the O +non O +- O +specific O +agglutinating O +factor O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Spermine O +is O +evidently O +concerned O +with O +stabilizing O +the O +structure O +of O +desoxyribose O +nucleic O +acid O +and O +probably O +of O +proteins O +, O +notably O +several O +zinc B-Chemical +metalloenzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +Degradation O +of O +lindane B-Chemical +by O +Escherichia O +coli O +. O + +aps B-category +About O +10 O +% O +of O +the O +added O +lindane B-Chemical +was O +metabolized O +by O +the O +bacterium O +in O +Trypticase O +soy O +broth O +containing O +the O +pesticide O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +sequence O +of O +events O +that O +may O +initiate O +the O +inflammatory O +reaction O +in O +acute O +gout O +has O +been O +investigated O +with O +specific O +reference O +to O +phagocytosis O +of O +urate B-Chemical +crystals O +by O +polymorphonuclear O +leucocytes O +and O +the O +results O +have O +shown O +( O +1 O +) O +that O +neutrophil O +leucocytes O +avidly O +ingest O +microcrystals O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +monourate O +, O +( O +2 O +) O +that O +this O +causes O +the O +rapid O +degranulation O +and O +disintegration O +of O +the O +leucocytes O +, O +( O +3 O +) O +that O +fresh O +leucocytes O +ingest O +the O +debris O +and O +crystals O +liberated O +by O +the O +dead O +cells O +, O +and O +in O +their O +turn O +degranulate O +and O +die O +, O +thus O +possibly O +establishing O +a O +vicious O +circle O +in O +the O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +of O +the O +guinea O +pig O +protein O +with O +pepsin O +under O +the O +same O +conditions O +resulted O +in O +the O +production O +of O +peptides O +which O +were O +identical O +with O +those O +of O +the O +bovine O +protein O +in O +chromatographic O +and O +electrophoretic O +properties O +and O +in O +N O +- O +terminal O +and O +C O +- O +terminal O +residues O +but O +which O +differed O +slightly O +in O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +by O +rotenone O +, O +antimycin O +A O +and O +cyanide O +established O +the O +classical O +electron O +transport O +chain O +as O +the O +major O +pathway O +of O +respiration O +with O +glutamate B-Chemical +and O +succinate O +as O +substrates O +. O + +aps B-category +Glycerol O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +also O +supported O +oxidative O +phosphorylation O +yielding O +ADP O +/ O +O O +ratios O +of O +2 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Monocular O +injection O +of O +radioactive O +uridine B-Chemical +or O +an O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +mixture O +was O +followed O +by O +sedimentation O +analysis O +in O +sucrose B-Chemical +or O +cesium O +sulfate O +density O +gradients O +, O +of O +ribosomes O +prepared O +from O +the O +retinae O +of O +injected O +eyes O +and O +the O +left O +and O +right O +optic O +lobes O +. O + +aps B-category +Electron O +transport O +from O +water O +to O +silicomolybdate O +( O ++ O +DCMU O +) O +is O +not O +coupled O +to O +ATP O +formation O +, O +nor O +is O +there O +a O +measurable O +accumulation O +of O +protons O +within O +the O +membrane O +( O +measured O +by O +amine B-Chemical +uptake O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +at O +6 O +h O +no O +labeled O +14 O +- O +3 O +- O +2 O +protein O +was O +detectablemthus O +, O +transport O +of O +this O +neuronal O +protein O +appears O +to O +be O +relatively O +slow O +process O +with O +little O +or O +no O +rapid O +component O +. O + +aps B-category +Conformation O +therapy O +using O +the O +tracking O +cobalt B-Chemical +unit O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +simple O +, O +rapid O +straining O +technique O +using O +the O +magnesium B-Chemical +salt B-Chemical +of O +1 O +- O +anilino O +- O +8 O +- O +naphthalene O +sulfonic O +acid O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +total O +of O +344 O +sera O +positive O +for O +hepatitis B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +surface I-Chemical +antigen I-Chemical +from O +volunteer O +blood O +donors O +at O +several O +Canadian O +Red O +Cross O +centres O +were O +subtyped O +for O +ad O +and O +ay O +specificity O +by O +counterelectrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +unusual O +bluish O +discolouration O +of O +the O +nose O +was O +noticed O +in O +a O +woman O +9 O +months O +after O +she O +had O +begun O +treatment O +with O +a O +coronary O +vasodilator O +, O +amiodarone B-Chemical +hydrochloride O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +conjugation O +of O +chlorambucil B-Chemical +with O +human O +gamma O +- O +globulin O +. O + +aps B-category +High O +- O +molecular O +- O +weight O +hydroxyproline B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +protein I-Chemical +in O +relation O +to O +immunoglobulins O +M O +( O +IgM O +) O +in O +human O +blood O +serum O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +earliest O +and O +most O +reproduceable O +lesion O +associated O +with O +chronic O +alcohol B-Chemical +abuse O +is O +fatty O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +development O +of O +cirrhosis O +correlates O +with O +the O +total O +duration O +and O +amount O +of O +alcohol B-Chemical +ingested O +. O + +aps B-category +Cryopreservation O +of O +human O +red O +cells O +in O +liquid O +nitrogen B-Chemical +with O +hydroxyethyl O +starch O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +beta O +- O +adrenoceptors O +of O +the O +lung O +mediating O +inhibition O +of O +antigen O +- O +induced O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +order O +of O +potency O +for O +the O +agents O +in O +the O +four O +funct O +- O +ons O +studied O +were O +: O +( O +a O +) O +inhibition O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +, O +IPR O +greater O +than O +OPR O +approximately O +equal O +to O +TRB O +greater O +than O +ITP O +equal O +0 O +; O +( O +b O +) O +heart O +stimulation O +, O +chronotropic O +effect O +, O +IPR O +greater O +than O +OPR O +greater O +than O +ITP O +approximately O +equal O +to O +TRB O +; O +( O +c O +) O +heart O +stimulation O +, O +inotropic O +effect O +, O +IPR O +greater O +than O +OPR O +greater O +than O +ITP O +greater O +than O +TRB O +; O +( O +d O +) O +trachea O +relaxation O +: O +IPR O +greater O +than O +TRB O +greater O +than O +OPR O +greater O +than O +ITP O +. O + +aps B-category +Differing O +patterns O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +accumulation O +and O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +H I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cholesterol I-Chemical +influx O +in O +areas O +of O +the O +cholesterol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fed I-Chemical +pig O +aorta O +identified O +by O +evans O +blue O +dye O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amount O +precipitated O +from O +plasma O +by O +dextran B-Chemical +or O +hydroxyethyl O +starch O +varies O +very O +widely O +from O +individual O +to O +individual O +. O + +aps B-category +Dextran B-Chemical +, O +hydroxyethyl O +starch O +, O +polyvinyl O +pyrrolidone B-Chemical +, O +some O +forms O +of O +gelatin O +, O +and O +several O +polyamino O +acids O +accelerate O +thrombin O +clotting O +of O +normal O +plasma O +, O +several O +dysfibrinogenemic O +plasmas O +, O +or O +Factor O +I O +. O +Albumin O +, O +hemoglobin O +, O +some O +modified O +gelatins O +do O +not O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +latter O +two O +supervene O +some O +time O +after O +administration O +of O +dextran B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Fluorochromatic O +studies O +of O +recovered O +sperm O +treated O +with O +acridine O +orange O +indicated O +sperm O +viability O +and O +phase O +contrast B-Chemical +studies O +of O +sperm O +treated O +with O +tetrazolium O +salts O +revealed O +metabolic O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +3 O +- O +H O +] O +Melatonin B-Chemical +administered O +in O +vivo O +in O +the O +rat O +cisterna O +magna O +became O +associated O +with O +a O +vinblastine O +- O +precipitable O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +Norepinephrine B-Chemical +brought O +about O +a O +significantly O +greater O +decrease O +in O +hypothalamic O +microtubule O +protein O +levels O +of O +ganglionectomized O +rats O +than O +in O +sham O +- O +operated O +or O +in O +ganglionectomized O +- O +pinealectomized O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +Rapid O +axonal O +transport O +in O +retinal O +ganglion O +cells O +of O +rabbits O +was O +inhibited O +to O +the O +extent O +of O +71 O +. O +9 O +and O +87 O +. O +2 O +% O +by O +previous O +exposure O +to O +1 O +. O +5 O +of O +15 O +mu O +g O +of O +melatonin B-Chemical +intravitreally O +; O +melatonin B-Chemical +did O +not O +affect O +retinal O +protein O +synthesis O +in O +this O +experimental O +model O +. O + +aps B-category +Steroid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +proteins O +in O +rabbit O +plasma O +: O +Separation O +of O +testosterone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +globulin O +( O +TeBG O +) O +from O +corticosteroid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +globulin O +( O +CBG O +) O +, O +preliminary O +characterization O +of O +TeBG O +, O +and O +changes O +in O +TeBG O +concentration O +during O +sexual O +maturation O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +of O +the O +proteins O +( O +TeBG O +) O +binds O +[ O +3 O +- O +H O +] O +5 O +alpha O +- O +dihydrotestosterone O +( O +5 O +alpha O +DHT O +) O +and O +[ O +3 O +- O +H O +] O +testosterone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Binding O +of O +[ O +3 O +- O +H O +] O +5 O +alphaDHT O +could O +be O +inhibited O +by O +unlabeled O +5 O +alpha O +DHT O +, O +testosterone B-Chemical +, O +5 O +alpha O +- O +androstan O +- O +3 O +alpha O +, O +17 O +beta O +- O +diol O +( O +3 O +alpha O +- O +diol O +) O +, O +and O +17 O +alpha O +- O +methyl O +- O +B B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +testosterone I-Chemical +( O +skf O +) O +7690 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +antiandrogens O +, O +cyproterone O +( O +1 O +, O +2 O +alpha O +- O +methylene O +- O +6 O +- O +chloro O +- O +pregn O +- O +4 O +, O +6 O +- O +diene O +- O +17 O +alpla O +- O +ol O +- O +3 O +, O +20 O +dione O +) O +, O +cyproterone O +- O +17 O +- O +acetate O +, O +and O +6 O +alpha O +- O +bromo O +- O +17 O +beta O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +17 O +alpha O +- O +methyl O +- O +4 O +- O +oxa O +- O +5 O +alpha O +- O +androstan O +- O +3 O +- O +ine O +( O +BOMT O +) O +were O +ineffective O +in O +competing O +for O +[ O +3 O +- O +H5d O +alpha O +DHT O +binding O +sites O +, O +as O +were O +4 O +- O +androstene O +- O +3 O +, O +17 O +- O +dione O +, O +17 O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +estradiol I-Chemical +( O +E2 O +) O +, O +progesterone B-Chemical +, O +and O +cortisol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +presence O +of O +charcoal B-Chemical +and O +unlabeled O +5 O +alpha O +DHT O +the O +Kdiss O +was O +0 O +. O +268 O +min O +- O +minus O +1 O +and O +the O +t O += O +1 O +/ O +2 O +was O +2 O +. O +6 O +min O +. O + +aps B-category +Binding O +of O +these O +compounds O +could O +be O +inhibited O +by O +unlabeled O +cortisol B-Chemical +and O +progesterone B-Chemical +, O +but O +not O +by O +unlabeled O +5 O +alpha O +DHT O +, O +testosterone B-Chemical +, O +or O +E2 O +. O + +aps B-category +Samples O +of O +formalin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +PIV O +- O +3 O +released O +more O +N O +- O +acteylneuraminic O +acid O +( O +NANA O +) O +than O +samples O +of O +Piv O +- O +3 O +not O +treated O +with O +formalin B-Chemical +when O +these O +samples O +were O +incubated O +with O +the O +substrate O +sialolactose O +for O +16 O +h O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +. O +The O +initial O +activity O +of O +PIV O +- O +3 O +NA O +, O +and O +the O +Km O +- O +value O +, O +were O +similar O +for O +a O +NAS O +strain O +whether O +it O +was O +treated O +with O +formalin B-Chemical +or O +not O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +mucosa O +was O +irrigated O +with O +solutions O +of O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +, O +a O +substance O +causing O +plasma O +shedding O +, O +the O +concentrations O +of O +proteins O +in O +gastric O +lymph O +over O +a O +4 O +- O +hr O +period O +were O +similar O +to O +those O +found O +in O +control O +experiments O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +is O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +the O +rat O +antibody O +response O +to O +the O +same O +antigens O +where O +titres O +are O +generated O +to O +largely O +helical O +antigenic O +determinants O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +, O +however O +, O +are O +compatible O +with O +the O +presence O +of O +other O +antigenic O +determinants O +which O +are O +probably O +located O +in O +the O +amino B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +and O +carbocy O +- O +terminal O +portions O +of O +the O +molecule O +. O + +aps B-category +Their O +resistance O +to O +corticosteroid B-Chemical +treatment O +further O +identifies O +them O +as O +functionally O +mature O +immunocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +antigens O +of O +the O +ether B-Chemical +phase O +were O +proved O +to O +belong O +mainly O +to O +the O +viral O +nucleoid O +whereas O +the O +water O +phase O +contained O +mainly O +envelope O +antigens O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +compares O +the O +effectiveness O +and O +cost O +of O +hospital O +narcotic O +detoxificationand O +outpatient O +narcotic O +detoxification O +using O +methadone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Methadone B-Chemical +treatment O +was O +planned O +for O +no O +longer O +than O +10 O +days O +while O +psychiatric O +supportive O +services O +were O +made O +available O +to O +continue O +as O +needed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +films O +were O +incubated O +in O +fixatives O +without O +staining O +, O +and O +in O +glycerol O +, O +diethylene O +glycol O +and O +other O +glycols O +, O +formamide O +, O +N O +, O +N O +- O +dimethylformamide O +, O +dimethyl B-Chemical +sulphoxide I-Chemical +and O +ethanol B-Chemical +( O +of O +several O +concentrations O +) O +after O +staining O +and O +their O +absorption O +( O +metachromatic O +) O +spectra O +recorded O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +equilibration O +of O +stained O +films O +in O +organic O +solvents O +, O +changes O +in O +the O +absorption O +peaks O +were O +found O +to O +depend O +on O +the O +type O +and O +concentration O +of O +solvent O +, O +the O +type O +of O +glycosaminoglycan B-Chemical +and O +the O +type O +of O +dye O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +parameters O +that O +influence O +this O +phenomenon O +( O +e O +. O +g O +type O +of O +protein O +, O +glycosaminoglycan B-Chemical +and O +dye O +, O +pH O +of O +staining O +) O +are O +discussed O +and O +a O +three O +- O +dimensional O +picture O +is O +introduced O +which O +can O +explain O +some O +of O +the O +results O +obtained O +in O +these O +experiments O +. 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O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +binding O +of O +these O +Ig O +fractions O +to O +mouse O +splenocytes O +was O +tested O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +17 O +saccharides O +, O +no O +inhibition O +of O +binding O +was O +observed O +except O +by O +sialic O +acid O +, O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +galactose I-Chemical +, O +N O +- O +acetyl O +- O +D O +- O +glucosamine O +, O +and O +D O +- O +mannose O +, O +all O +of O +which O +showed O +partial O +inhibition O +. O + +aps B-category +Thermochemotherapy O +: O +synergism O +between O +hyperthermia O +( O +42 O +- O +43 O +degrees O +) O +and O +adriamycin B-Chemical +( O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +) O +in O +mammalian O +cell O +inactivation O +. O + +aps B-category +Cells O +after O +bleomycin B-Chemical +exposure O +at O +37 O +degrees O +repair O +potentially O +lethal O +damage O +, O +and O +43 O +degrees O +inhibits O +this O +repair O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Since O +8 O +- O +azahypoxanthine O +, O +8 O +- O +azaxanthine O +and O +5 O +- O +azauracil O +were O +neither O +effective O +in O +preventing O +the O +enzyme O +overshoot O +, O +nor O +toxic O +to O +the O +animals O +, O +it O +was O +concluded O +that O +the O +toxiciyty O +to O +the O +animals O +of O +8 O +- O +azaadenine O +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +azacytidine I-Chemical +is O +due O +to O +the O +compounds O +themselves O +rather O +than O +to O +the O +breakdown O +products O +. O + +aps B-category +Again O +by O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +immunization O +with O +fetal O +cells O +was O +effective O +in O +evoking O +tumor O +immunity O +. O + +aps B-category +BHDB O +produced O +low O +plasma O +T4 O +and O +T3 O +concentrations O +similar O +to O +those O +produced O +by O +methimazole B-Chemical +, O +but O +failed O +to O +elevate O +plasma O +TSH O +and O +to O +produce O +goiter O +because O +of O +displacement O +of O +T4 O +from O +the O +binding O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ammonical O +silver B-Chemical +reaction O +for O +basic O +nuclear O +proteins O +in O +the O +spermatids O +of O +the O +mouse O +. O + +aps B-category +Urine O +was O +collected O +quantitatively O +throughout O +the O +whole O +investigation O +for O +determination O +of O +iodine B-Chemical +and O +creatinine B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +estrogen B-Chemical +on O +the O +permeability O +of O +the O +endothelium O +of O +the O +aorta O +has O +been O +studied O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +rats O +subjected O +to O +estrogen B-Chemical +treatment O +, O +the O +degree O +of O +silver B-Chemical +penetration O +through O +the O +endothelium O +was O +significantly O +higher O +than O +in O +untreated O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +Thrombosis O +in O +females O +using O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptives I-Chemical +often O +has O +an O +aberrant O +localization O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +contribution O +to O +the O +question O +of O +the O +possible O +hepatocarcinogenic O +effects O +of O +lindane B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +view O +of O +the O +actual O +residue O +level O +of O +lindane B-Chemical +the O +probability O +of O +carcinogenic O +risk O +to O +man O +would O +appear O +remote O +. O + +aps B-category +Management O +of O +adenocarcinoma O +of O +prostate O +with O +diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical +diphosphate O +and O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Six O +of O +7 O +patients O +had O +a O +good O +response O +when O +treated O +with O +diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical +diphosphate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cytoplasm O +of O +the O +adenoma O +cells O +failed O +to O +stain O +with O +PAS O +, O +aniline O +blue O +, O +adehyde O +fuchsin O +, O +aldehyde B-Chemical +thionin O +, O +orange O +G O +or O +light O +green O +, O +but O +positively O +stained O +granules O +were O +found O +by O +using O +erythrosine O +or O +carmosine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +acute O +electrophysiologic O +effects O +of O +a O +bolus O +injection O +of O +100 O +mg O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Previous O +evidence O +suggested O +that O +interruption O +of O +worker O +' O +s O +exposure O +to O +flax O +dust O +may O +lead B-Chemical +to O +severe O +symptoms O +of O +byssinosis O +on O +their O +return O +to O +work O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mechanism O +of O +biologic O +response O +from O +exposure O +to O +a O +12 O +% O +subtilisin O +Carlsberg O +preparation O +is O +shown O +to O +be O +one O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +in O +the O +guinea O +pig O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +challenge O +by O +intratracheal O +injection O +of O +a O +saline O +solution O +containing O +the O +subtilisin O +preparation O +, O +the O +guinea O +pigs O +pretreated O +with O +the O +same O +preparation O +showed O +a O +markedly O +reduced O +liver O +histamine B-Chemical +level O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Gamma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +benzene I-Chemical +hexachloride O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +association O +of O +alcoholism O +with O +cancer O +of O +the O +liver O +is O +thus O +very O +striking O +and O +hence O +alcohol B-Chemical +should O +be O +proclaimed O +as O +a O +carcinogenic O +substance O +. O + +aps B-category +Interactions O +in O +the O +uptake O +between O +catecholamines B-Chemical +and O +estradiol B-Chemical +in O +the O +human O +uterus O +. O + +aps B-category +Possible O +mechanism O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +during O +active O +vasodilatation O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +the O +release O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +from O +its O +storage O +site O +is O +mediated O +by O +an O +alpha O +- O +receptor O +mechanism O +. O + +aps B-category +Relative O +analgesic O +potencies O +of O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +hydromorphone B-Chemical +in O +postoperative O +pain O +. 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O + +aps B-category +All O +of O +the O +treatment O +regimens O +, O +except O +for O +the O +2 O +containing O +thyroid O +powder O +, O +decreased O +the O +plasma O +concentrations O +of O +thyroxine B-Chemical +and O +protein O +- O +bound O +iodine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Five O +of O +them O +have O +been O +recatheterized O +, O +and O +the O +results O +indicate O +substantial O +improvement O +in O +postoperative O +arterial O +oxygen B-Chemical +saturation O +with O +change O +in O +pulmonary O +vascular O +resistance O +. O + +aps B-category +Quinidine B-Chemical +hepatitis O +. O + +aps B-category +Discontinuance O +of O +quinidine B-Chemical +therapy O +led O +to O +normalization O +of O +liver O +function O +tests O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +concluded O +that O +this O +patient O +had O +quinidine B-Chemical +hepatotoxicity O +and O +believe O +that O +this O +is O +the O +first O +case O +reported O +with O +liver O +biopsy O +documentation O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +A O +method O +of O +silver B-Chemical +impregnation O +for O +reticular O +stroma O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Enzyme O +activity O +in O +the O +epithelium O +and O +propria O +was O +comparable O +to O +that O +in O +glue O +ears O +, O +with O +some O +increase O +in O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +and O +some O +decrease O +in O +proprial O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +and O +malate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +order O +to O +determine O +the O +possible O +mechanisms O +whereby O +interactions O +between O +phagocytic O +cells O +and O +crystals O +of O +monosodium O +urate B-Chemical +( O +MSU O +) O +lead B-Chemical +to O +cell O +death O +with O +simultaneous O +release O +of O +both O +cytoplasmic O +and O +lysosomal O +enzymes O +, O +phagocytic O +leukocytes O +of O +the O +smooth O +dogfish O +shart O +Mustelus O +canis O +were O +studied O +by O +means O +of O +light O +and O +electron O +microscopy O +, O +and O +biochemistry O +. O + +aps B-category +Preincubation O +with O +10 O +- O +3 O +M O +cyclic B-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +monophosphate I-Chemical +( O +cAMP B-Chemical +) O +and O +theophylline B-Chemical +( O +10 O +- O +3 O +M O +) O +, O +which O +inhibit O +lysosomal O +fusion O +, O +reduced O +the O +release O +of O +both O +LDH O +and O +beta O +- O +glucuronidase O +activities O +to O +7 O +% O +and O +6 O +% O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Insecticide O +residues O +in O +non O +- O +target O +areas O +of O +rooms O +after O +two O +methods O +of O +crack B-Chemical +and O +crevice O +application O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +immediate O +hypersensitivity O +reactions O +in O +laboratory O +animals O +by O +a O +phenanthroline O +salt B-Chemical +( O +ICI O +74 O +, O +917 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Intravenous O +administration O +of O +the O +compound O +has O +no O +significant O +effect O +upon O +local O +blueing O +reactions O +provoked O +in O +the O +rat O +by O +intradermal O +injection O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +, O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +or O +Compound O +48 O +/ O +80 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +distribution O +and O +dosimetry O +of O +111 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +IN I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bleomycin I-Chemical +in O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +111 O +- O +In O +- O +labelled O +bleomycin B-Chemical +; O +clinical O +experience O +as O +a O +diagnostic O +agent O +in O +tumours O +of O +the O +thorax O +and O +abdomen O +. O + +aps B-category +Sixty O +- O +five O +patients O +were O +scanned O +on O +72 O +occasions O +, O +the O +optimum O +time O +to O +perform O +the O +examination O +being O +72 O +hours O +after O +the O +intravenous O +injection O +of O +2 O +mCi O +111 O +- O +In O +chelated O +to O +2 O +mg O +bleomycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +patient O +suffering O +from O +primary O +hyperoxaluria O +with O +oxalosis O +a O +progressive O +peripheral O +neuropathy O +was O +associated O +with O +intra O +- O +axonal O +deposition O +of O +microcrystals O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +oxalate O +. O + +aps B-category +Changes O +in O +brain O +hydrolytic O +enzyme O +activities O +in O +rats O +treated O +with O +cholesterol B-Chemical +biosynthesis O +inhibitor O +, O +AY9944 O +. O + +aps B-category +Use O +of O +chemotherapy O +- O +bleomycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +carcinogen O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylcholanthrene I-Chemical +at O +a O +level O +of O +4 O +mug O +/ O +ml O +in O +the O +culture O +fluid O +induced O +morphologic O +changes O +that O +were O +not O +observed O +in O +untreated O +cultures O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +following O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +were O +found O +in O +CEA O +: O +lysine O +, O +histidine O +, O +arginine O +, O +aspartic O +acid O +, O +threonine O +, O +serine O +, O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +proline O +, O +glycine B-Chemical +, O +alanine B-Chemical +, O +valine O +, O +emthionine O +, O +isoleucine O +, O +leucine B-Chemical +, O +tyrosine B-Chemical +, O +phenylalanine O +, O +and O +cysteine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +N O +- O +terminal O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +was O +lysine O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +single O +topical O +application O +of O +1 O +. O +0 O +mg O +of O +crotol O +oil O +or O +17 O +nmoles O +of O +12 O +- O +O O +- O +tetradecanoyl O +- O +phorbol O +- O +13 O +- O +acetate O +( O +TPA O +) O +resulted O +in O +a O +rapid O +, O +transient O +stimulation O +of O +mouse O +epidermal O +ornithine B-Chemical +decarboxylase O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Phorbol O +, O +the O +nonpromoting O +parent O +alcohol B-Chemical +of O +TPA O +, O +did O +not O +affect O +the O +enzymes O +activities O +. O + +aps B-category +Immunoglobulin B-Chemical +G I-Chemical +and O +the O +F O +( O +ab O +' O +) O +2 O +and O +Fab O +fragments O +derived O +from O +it O +were O +prepared O +from O +an O +anti O +- O +CEA O +serum O +and O +tested O +for O +their O +abioity O +to O +bind O +CEA O +. O + +aps B-category +Earlier O +statements O +to O +the O +contrary O +, O +the O +present O +study O +demonstrates O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +cell O +surface O +coat O +( O +glycocalyx O +) O +on O +the O +luminal B-Chemical +plasma O +membrane O +of O +the O +superficial O +transitional O +epithelial O +cells O +lining O +the O +urinary O +bladder O +of O +male O +Buffalo O +rats O +. 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O +) O + +aps B-category +By O +pre O +- O +labelling O +the O +patients O +' O +cholesterol B-Chemical +with O +14 O +- O +C O +and O +comparing O +the O +specific O +activity O +of O +the O +cholesterol B-Chemical +in O +adipose O +tissue O +with O +that O +in O +plasma O +, O +evidence O +was O +obtained O +of O +an O +influx O +of O +tissue O +cholesterol B-Chemical +into O +plasma O +after O +each O +exchange O +. O + +aps B-category +Modification O +by O +propranolol B-Chemical +of O +cardiovascular O +effects O +of O +induced O +hypoglycaemia O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +propranolol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +insulin I-Chemical +group O +there O +was O +a O +significant O +fall O +in O +heart O +- O +rate O +in O +most O +subjects O +and O +an O +increase O +in O +diastolic O +pressure O +. O + +aps B-category +Use O +of O +co B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +trimoxazole I-Chemical +in O +chronic O +renal O +failure O +. O + +aps B-category +Seventeen O +patients O +showed O +no O +deterioration O +in O +renal O +function O +while O +receiving O +co B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +trimoxazole I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Breast O +cancer O +, O +prostaglandins B-Chemical +, O +and O +bone O +metastases O +. O + +aps B-category +Industrial O +exposure O +to O +several O +potentially O +hepatotoxic O +agents O +, O +such O +as O +vinyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +monomer O +may O +occur O +, O +and O +there O +is O +a O +need O +for O +non O +- O +vasive O +, O +diagnostic O +techniques O +to O +detect O +and O +monitor O +progressive O +pathological O +processes O +in O +liver O +or O +spleen O +. O + +aps B-category +Editorial O +: O +Post O +- O +mortem O +alcohol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +smoking B-Chemical +habits O +and O +morbidity O +experiences O +of O +a O +cohort O +of O +soldiers O +have O +been O +studied O +from O +1959 O +to O +1969 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cohort O +' O +s O +1969 O +prevalence O +of O +smoking B-Chemical +was O +slightly O +above O +the O +national O +average O +of O +70 O +% O +for O +males O +of O +the O +same O +age O +, O +but O +the O +servicemen O +are O +heavier O +smokers O +than O +their O +civilian O +counterparts O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Metronidazole B-Chemical +in O +Crohn O +' O +s O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Lithium B-Chemical +, O +calcium B-Chemical +, O +and O +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Parkinsonism O +and O +dementia O +: O +effects O +of O +levodopa B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Glucose B-Chemical +tolerance O +in O +idiopathic O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stone I-Chemical +formation O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Cigarette O +smoking B-Chemical +, O +tar O +content O +, O +and O +death O +- O +rates O +from O +lung O +cancer O +in O +Australian O +men O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidence O +of O +ventricular O +arrhythmias O +after O +myocardial O +infarction O +has O +been O +compared O +in O +a O +controlled O +study O +of O +procainamide B-Chemical +, O +mexiletine B-Chemical +, O +and O +placebo O +. O + +aps B-category +Procainamide B-Chemical +was O +given O +as O +500 O +mg O +. O +4 O +- O +hourly O +and O +mexiletine B-Chemical +as O +250 O +mg O +. O +8 O +- O +hourly O +with O +corresponding O +placebo O +regimens O +for O +12 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +only O +major O +adverse O +effect O +of O +therapy O +noted O +was O +development O +of O +a O +positive O +antinuclear O +factor O +in O +a O +procainamide B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +patient O +. O + +aps B-category +Oral O +glucose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tolerance I-Chemical +test O +( O +O O +. O +G O +. O +T O +. O +T O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +plasma O +- O +insulin O +between O +the O +first O +and O +second O +tests O +was O +predicted O +by O +the O +result O +of O +the O +initial O +tests O +, O +the O +improvement O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +tolerance O +between O +the O +two O +tests O +, O +and O +the O +degree O +of O +weight O +reduction O +. O + +aps B-category +Severe O +metabolic O +acidosis O +was O +corrected O +by O +intravenous O +infusion O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +bicarbonate I-Chemical +solution O +before O +spontaneous O +circulation O +could O +be O +re O +- O +established O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Plasma O +iron B-Chemical +and O +iron B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +capacity O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Transplacental O +lithium B-Chemical +poisoning O +: O +Reversible O +inhibition O +of O +fetal O +thyroid O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Glycerol O +v O +. O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +in O +acute O +cerebral O +infarction O +. O + +aps B-category +Infection O +caused O +by O +Proteus O +mirabilis O +strains O +with O +transferrable O +gentamicin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistance I-Chemical +factors O +. O + +aps B-category +Strains O +form O +the O +first O +three O +patients O +were O +apparently O +identical O +and O +were O +sensitive O +to O +tobramycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fourth O +strain O +was O +resistant O +to O +tobramycin B-Chemical +; O +its O +gentamicin B-Chemical +/ O +tobramycin B-Chemical +resistance O +was O +transferable O +to O +E O +. O +coli O +K12 O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Oral B-Chemical +contraceptives I-Chemical +and O +venous O +thrombosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Unsaturated O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +and O +transplantation O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Pimozide B-Chemical +in O +monosymptomatic O +psychosis O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Polycystic O +ovarian O +disease O +and O +oral B-Chemical +contraception I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Myasthenia O +gravis O +: O +relationship O +between O +serum O +factor O +blocking O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +receptors O +and O +anti O +- O +striated O +- O +muscle O +antibody O +. O + +aps B-category +Pathways O +of O +biosynthesis O +of O +the O +guanidinated O +inositol B-Chemical +moieties O +of O +streptomycin B-Chemical +and O +bluensomycin O +. O + +aps B-category +ATP O +: O +streptomycin B-Chemical +3 O +" O += O +phosphotransferase O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +desirable O +to O +determine O +if O +a O +similar O +effect O +- O +- O +more O +killing O +and O +mutation O +in O +N2 O +than O +in O +O2 O +- O +- O +could O +be O +observed O +with O +two O +other O +known O +alkylating B-Chemical +agents I-Chemical +, O +beta O +- O +propiolactone O +( O +BPL O +) O +and O +ethyl O +methanesulfonate O +( O +EMS O +) O +, O +in O +the O +same O +test O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Spermine O +inhibits O +induction O +of O +ornithine B-Chemical +decarboxylase O +by O +cyclic O +AMP O +but O +not O +by O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +in O +rat O +hepatoma O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +discovery O +and O +the O +synthesis O +of O +the O +thyrotropin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +releasing I-Chemical +hormone O +( O +T O +. O +R O +. O +H O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +Isolated O +, O +small O +intestinal O +microvillous O +membranes O +from O +normal O +and O +acutely O +diabetic O +rats O +were O +compared O +with O +respect O +to O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +transport O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +difference O +appeared O +to O +be O +caused O +by O +an O +ability O +of O +the O +diabetic O +membranes O +to O +maintain O +a O +higher O +driving O +force O +for O +active O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +transport O +and O +not O +by O +changes O +in O +the O +glucose B-Chemical +" O +carrier O +. O +" O + +aps B-category +Concentrations O +of O +monactin O +and O +gramicidin O +D O +in O +the O +incubation O +medium O +of O +membrane O +vesicles O +from O +diabetic O +animals O +could O +be O +adjusted O +so O +that O +their O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +transport O +became O +indistinguishable O +from O +that O +of O +membranes O +from O +normal O +animals O +not O +treated O +with O +ionophores O +. O + +aps B-category +Group O +- O +specific O +component O +( O +Gc O +) O +proteins O +bind O +vitamin B-Chemical +D I-Chemical +and O +25 O +- O +hydroxyvitamin O +D O +. O + +aps B-category +Population O +gene O +frequencies O +for O +these O +proteins O +binding O +vitamin B-Chemical +D I-Chemical +were O +in O +the O +range O +of O +those O +reported O +for O +Gc O +, O +and O +individuals O +of O +known O +Gc O +phenotype O +were O +found O +to O +have O +the O +corresponding O +vitamin O +- O +D O +- O +binding O +phenotype O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +3 O +) O +( O +14 O +- O +C O +) O +vitamin B-Chemical +D3 I-Chemical +or O +25 O +- O +hydroxy O +( O +3 O +- O +H O +) O +vitamin B-Chemical +D3 I-Chemical +was O +found O +to O +coprecipitate O +specifically O +with O +Gc O +in O +serum O +incubated O +with O +Gc O +antiserum O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +propose O +that O +Gc O +and O +" O +vitamin O +- O +D O +- O +binding O +alpha O +- O +globulin O +" O +are O +in O +fact O +the O +same O +portein O +, O +and O +that O +the O +ability O +of O +Gc O +to O +bind O +vitamin B-Chemical +D I-Chemical +may O +be O +directly O +related O +to O +the O +action O +of O +selection O +on O +this O +locus O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +major O +tRNA O +component O +of O +the O +hybridizable O +4S O +RNA O +is O +tryptophan B-Chemical +tRNA O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +antigenically O +distinct O +species O +of O +human O +interferon B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +these O +antisera O +showed O +no O +detectable O +neutralizing O +activity O +against O +interferon B-Chemical +produced O +in O +cultures O +of O +human O +leukocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +preparation O +of O +antiserum O +against O +leukocyte O +interferon B-Chemical +, O +active O +against O +both O +leukocyte O +and O +fibroblast O +interferons O +, O +was O +shown O +by O +affinity O +chromatography O +to O +have O +two O +distinct O +antibody O +populations O +, O +one O +of O +which O +was O +specific O +for O +the O +fibroblast O +interferon B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +major O +antigenic O +species O +of O +leukocyte O +interferon B-Chemical +preparations O +( O +designated O +" O +Le O +" O +) O +is O +distinct O +from O +huamn O +fibroblast O +interferon B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +With O +a O +similar O +assay O +, O +10 O +, O +000 O +additional O +colonies O +were O +screened O +for O +mutants O +with O +altered O +CDP O +- O +diglyceride O +: O +L O +- O +serine O +O O +- O +phosphatidyltransferase O +( O +EC O +2 O +. O +7 O +. O +8 O +. O +8 O +, O +phosphatidylserine B-Chemical +synthetase O +) O +, O +and O +four O +strains O +were O +found O +in O +which O +the O +enzyme O +is O +thermolabile O +. O + +aps B-category +Earlier O +work O +had O +shown O +that O +the O +lactogen O +, O +LTH O +and O +HPL O +, O +foster O +testosterone B-Chemical +binding O +by O +the O +prostate O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +it O +was O +found O +instead O +that O +the O +PGF O +increases O +steroid B-Chemical +binding O +and O +that O +its O +interaction O +with O +lactogen O +was O +neither O +antagonistic O +nor O +additive O +, O +attention O +was O +directed O +to O +further O +characterization O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +' O +s O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +Earlier O +work O +had O +shown O +that O +the O +lactogen O +, O +LTH O +and O +HPL O +, O +foster O +testosterone B-Chemical +binding O +by O +the O +prostate O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +it O +was O +found O +instead O +that O +the O +PGF O +increases O +steroid B-Chemical +binding O +and O +that O +its O +interaction O +with O +lactogen O +was O +neither O +antagonistic O +nor O +additive O +, O +attention O +was O +directed O +to O +further O +characterization O +of O +the O +PGs O +' O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +no O +cytotoxic O +lymphocytes O +were O +generated O +against O +products O +of O +non O +- O +H O +- O +2 O +loci O +- O +- O +M O +- O +locus O +, O +theta O +, O +or O +other O +non O +- O +H O +- O +2 O +antigens O +- O +- O +that O +induce O +MLC O +activation O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +new O +approach O +in O +the O +management O +of O +carcinoma O +of O +the O +thoraco O +- O +abdominal O +oesophagus O +, O +by O +means O +of O +pre O +- O +operative O +chemotherapy O +, O +in O +the O +form O +of O +Methotrexate B-Chemical +and O +irradiation O +, O +followed O +by O +a O +one O +- O +stage O +resection O +, O +using O +a O +thoracic O +/ O +abdominal O +approach O +, O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Do O +iron B-Chemical +preparations O +damage O +the O +teeth O +? O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +Ehrlich O +- O +ascites O +tumor O +and O +on O +the O +solide O +Ehrlich O +carcinoma O +of O +the O +mouse O +, O +bleomycin B-Chemical +causes O +a O +large O +fixation O +in O +the O +( O +G2 O ++ O +M O +) O +- O +phase O +of O +the O +cell O +cycle O +of O +the O +tumor O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Report O +is O +made O +about O +the O +combined O +therapy O +with O +cytostatics O +( O +methotrexate B-Chemical +- O +bleomycin B-Chemical +) O +and O +irradiation O +in O +patients O +with O +extended O +tumors O +in O +the O +gnathic O +region O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +antigenicity O +of O +mouse O +blastocysts O +in O +experimentally O +delayed O +implantation O +and O +after O +activation O +from O +delay O +by O +estradiol B-Chemical +administration O +were O +determined O +by O +two O +different O +methods O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +there O +was O +a O +marked O +difference O +in O +the O +incidence O +of O +HBs O +antigen O +between O +prisoners O +and O +students O +, O +when O +donors O +were O +tested O +for O +antibody O +to O +HBsAg B-Chemical +( O +anti O +- O +HBs O +) O +this O +positive O +. O + +aps B-category +Use O +of O +corticosteroids B-Chemical +to O +isolate O +IBR O +virus O +from O +cattle O +in O +Cyprus O +after O +respiratory O +disease O +and O +ataxia O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +representative O +case O +study O +is O +used O +to O +illustrate O +the O +complex O +interaction O +of O +factors O +that O +can O +lead B-Chemical +to O +tragic O +family O +dysfunction O +when O +an O +adopted O +child O +has O +learning O +and O +behavior O +problems O +. O + +aps B-category +Scanning O +was O +carried O +out O +72 O +hours O +after O +the O +intravenous O +injection O +of O +3 O +mC O +67 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Ga I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +citrate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rapid O +decay O +of O +99m O +- O +Tc O +, O +together O +with O +a O +high O +affinity O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +for O +certain O +histologically O +- O +defined O +tumours O +recommends O +its O +use O +in O +humans O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +00 O +- O +C O +, O +the O +chelate O +of O +99m O +- O +Tc O +and O +bleomycin B-Chemical +is O +stable O +and O +its O +storage O +or O +transport O +are O +recommended O +at O +this O +temperature O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +C3PA O +and O +C8 O +showed O +striking O +depressions O +in O +the O +idiopathic O +nephrotic O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +DNA O +synthesis O +was O +determined O +by O +incorporation O +of O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +H I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Variability O +of O +dermal O +elastin O +visualized O +ultrastructurally O +with O +iron B-Chemical +hematoxylin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Skin O +of O +an O +elderly O +subject O +revealed O +exteme O +proliferation O +of O +unusual O +reticulated O +elastic O +fibers O +in O +various O +areas O +and O +disclosed O +abnormal O +nodules O +of O +elastin O +or O +collagen O +fibrils O +in O +finely O +particulate B-Chemical +matter I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Optimal O +conditions O +for O +the O +visualization O +of O +these O +granules O +by O +incubation O +in O +alkaline O +DAB O +were O +obtained O +when O +the O +peroxidase O +activity O +of O +hemoglobin O +was O +reduced O +by O +addition O +of O +low O +concentrations O +of O +potassium B-Chemical +cyanide O +. O + +aps B-category +Fluorescence O +detection O +of O +nitric B-Chemical +oxide I-Chemical +in O +nitrogen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +blood O +histamine B-Chemical +levels O +, O +basophil O +and O +eosinophil O +counts O +and O +the O +percentage O +of O +vacuolated O +eosinophils O +were O +observed O +in O +30 O +controls O +and O +15 O +patients O +of O +urticaria O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +past O +few O +years O +, O +the O +application O +of O +methods O +for O +the O +visualization O +of O +the O +intrauterine O +fetus O +has O +been O +made O +possible O +by O +the O +use O +of O +techniques O +such O +as O +sonography O +, O +contrast B-Chemical +radiography O +and O +fetoscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +suggest O +that O +specific O +interaction O +of O +intracellular O +antibiotic O +with O +proteins O +of O +the O +30S O +subunits O +allows O +repeated O +use O +of O +the O +ribosome O +cycle O +by O +such O +affected O +particles O +, O +but O +with O +selective O +misreading O +of O +certain O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +codons O +as O +terminator O +codons O +, O +so O +that O +they O +produce O +incomplete O +polypeptide O +chains O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +clofibrate O +on O +the O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphatase O +activity O +of O +rat O +liver O +mitochondria O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +vitro O +studies O +with O +guinea O +pig O +lung O +fragments O +incubated O +with O +10 O +- O +to O +200 O +- O +mM O +concentrations O +of O +ammonium B-Chemical +ion O +demonstrated O +the O +release O +of O +substanial O +quantities O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +An O +osmotic O +effect O +is O +unlikely O +since O +equal O +concentrations O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +failed O +to O +release O +histamine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +studies O +suggest O +that O +the O +inhalation O +irritation O +associated O +with O +certain O +sulfate O +and O +other O +salts O +, O +may O +be O +a O +function O +of O +their O +ability O +to O +release O +histamine B-Chemical +in O +the O +presence O +of O +amonium O +ion O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +understand O +the O +role O +of O +copper B-Chemical +in O +initiating O +protein O +alterations O +in O +rheumatoid O +arthritis O +( O +RA O +) O +as O +reported O +previously O +, O +concentrations O +of O +copper B-Chemical +anc O +caeruloplasmin O +were O +determined O +in O +RA O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +when O +the O +RA O +population O +was O +divided O +into O +three O +groups O +according O +to O +sex O +and O +oestrogen B-Chemical +therapy O +it O +was O +found O +that O +caeruloplasmin O +and O +copper B-Chemical +concentrations O +in O +the O +group O +of O +female O +RA O +patients O +on O +oestrogens B-Chemical +was O +significantly O +different O +from O +other O +groups O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +001 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Concentrations O +of O +copper B-Chemical +and O +caeruloplasmin O +failed O +to O +explain O +the O +low O +sulphydryl O +content O +of O +plasma O +which O +was O +observed O +to O +be O +independent O +of O +these O +two O +parameters O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +shows O +that O +only O +a O +concurrent O +oestrogen B-Chemical +therapy O +raises O +copper B-Chemical +and O +caeruloplasmin O +concentration O +significantly O +in O +a O +female O +RA O +population O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparing O +the O +different O +methods O +of O +preparation O +of O +the O +suspensions O +the O +standard O +procedure O +( O +RNase O +, O +pepsin O +, O +ultrasonic O +) O +before O +staining O +with O +ethidium O +bromide B-Chemical +seems O +to O +be O +the O +best O +one O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +hundred O +consecutive O +reports O +of O +reactions O +to O +intravenous O +anaesthetics O +Althesin B-Chemical +, O +thiopentone B-Chemical +and O +Epontol O +are O +reviewed O +and O +analysed O +. O + +aps B-category +Mowry O +' O +s O +alcian O +blue B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +periodic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Schiff I-Chemical +( O +AB O +- O +PAS O +) O +technique O +gave O +the O +highest O +proportion O +of O +positives O +( O +93 O +% O +) O +slightly O +fewer O +( O +90 O +% O +) O +being O +obtained O +by O +the O +PAS O +technique O +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +Production O +of O +antibodies O +that O +bind O +biotin B-Chemical +and O +inhibit O +biotin B-Chemical +containing O +enzymes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +use O +of O +[ O +14 O +- O +C O +] O +biotin B-Chemical +as O +a O +tracer O +allowed O +quantitation O +of O +the O +incorporation O +of O +biotin B-Chemical +into O +the O +conjugates O +: O +2 O +. O +55 O +mol O +of O +biotin B-Chemical +was O +incorporated O +per O +mol O +of O +gamma O +- O +globulin O +and O +7 O +- O +9 O +mol O +of O +biotin B-Chemical +was O +incorporated O +per O +mol O +of O +serum O +albumin O +in O +different O +preparations O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +enzyme O +inhibition O +to O +detect O +free O +antibody O +, O +the O +binding O +constant O +for O +biotin B-Chemical +was O +found O +to O +be O +5 O +. O +0 O +x O +10 O +- O +minus O +8 O +M O +and O +that O +for O +biocytin O +3 O +. O +5 O +x O +10 O +- O +minus O +8 O +M O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +two O +experimental O +values O +fall O +in O +the O +expected O +order O +, O +since O +the O +15 O +% O +glycine B-Chemical +content O +of O +the O +A1 O +protein O +is O +considerably O +higher O +than O +the O +average O +for O +other O +proteins O +, O +which O +is O +about O +8 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibition O +of O +phospholipid O +synthesis O +in O +escherichia O +coli O +by O +phenethyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Phenethyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +at O +a O +non O +- O +bacteriostatic O +concentration O +reduces O +the O +accumulation O +of O +[ O +32 O +- O +P O +] O +phosphate B-Chemical +into O +phospholipids O +and O +alters O +the O +phospholipid O +composition O +of O +the O +cell O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibition O +in O +the O +rate O +of O +phosphatidylethanolamine O +synthesis O +by O +phenethyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +was O +twice O +the O +inhibition O +in O +the O +rate O +of O +phosphatidyglycerol O +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Phenethyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +also O +altered O +the O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +of O +the O +cell O +as O +a O +result O +of O +its O +inhibitory O +effect O +on O +the O +rate O +of O +individual O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +result O +indicates O +that O +phenethyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +does O +not O +inhibit O +phospholipid O +synthesis O +solely O +at O +the O +level O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aminoacid O +composition O +of O +the O +molecule O +was O +determined O +and O +its O +most O +prominent O +aspects O +are O +a O +high O +content O +of O +arginine O +and O +lysine O +, O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +single O +tryptophan B-Chemical +, O +the O +total O +absence O +of O +cysteine B-Chemical +and O +cystine O +and O +a O +blocked O +N O +- O +terminal O +residue O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +objective O +is O +achieved O +because O +of O +the O +differences O +in O +stability O +of O +alcian O +blue B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +heparin I-Chemical +, O +alcian O +blue O +- O +nucleic O +acid O +, O +lanthanum B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +heparin I-Chemical +, O +and O +lanthanum O +- O +mucliec O +acid O +complexes O +. O + +aps B-category +Validity O +of O +plasma O +factor O +in O +schizophrenia O +as O +measured O +by O +tryptophan B-Chemical +uptake O +. O + +aps B-category +Hemolysis O +can O +be O +maintained O +at O +a O +constant O +level O +by O +certain O +concentrations O +of O +Ca O ++ O ++ O +ion O +, O +the O +addition O +of O +which O +resulted O +in O +a O +gradual O +increase O +in O +tryptophan B-Chemical +uptake O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +indicate O +that O +hemolysis O +is O +not O +determining O +uptake O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +by O +chicken O +erythrocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +zinc B-Chemical +concentrations O +rise O +in O +men O +over O +the O +age O +of O +55 O +years O +and O +fall O +in O +women O +of O +a O +similar O +age O +- O +group O +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +ferritin O +assay O +and O +iron B-Chemical +status O +in O +chronic O +renal O +failure O +and O +haemodialysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +ferritin O +concentrations O +correlated O +well O +with O +body O +iron B-Chemical +stores O +estimated O +by O +grading O +the O +bone O +marrow O +stainable O +iron B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +ferritin O +assay O +represents O +the O +best O +method O +of O +repeatedly O +monitoring O +the O +exact O +amount O +of O +iron B-Chemical +therapy O +needed O +by O +patients O +with O +chronic O +renal O +failure O +, O +particularly O +those O +on O +regular O +haemodialysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Quantitative O +analysis O +of O +the O +silver B-Chemical +grain O +distribution O +indicated O +that O +labeled O +proteins O +, O +rapidly O +conveyed O +down O +the O +axon O +, O +piled O +up O +in O +regions O +containing O +an O +accumulation O +of O +SER O +profiles O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +growth O +of O +Candida O +krusei O +in O +quarters O +treated O +intramammary O +with O +penicillin B-Chemical +, O +dihydrostreptomycin O +and O +prednisolone B-Chemical +was O +compared O +with O +growth O +in O +untreated O +quarters O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +globulin O +fraction O +of O +the O +milk O +was O +separated O +and O +conjugated O +with O +fluorescein B-Chemical +isothiocyanate O +. O + +aps B-category +Controlled O +studies O +with O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +have O +given O +favorable O +results O +in O +certain O +tumor O +stages O +and O +sites O +of O +origin O +. O + +aps B-category +Simultaneous O +intermittent O +bleomycin B-Chemical +and O +radiological O +treatment O +of O +laryngeal O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +total O +dosages O +have O +been O +bleomycin B-Chemical +180 O +mg O +and O +x O +- O +rays O +4 O +. O +200 O +r O +skin O +dose O +, O +tumor O +dose O +approximately O +2 O +. O +500 O +r O +. O +Eighty O +- O +two O +laryngeal O +cases O +received O +such O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +carrier O +effect O +of O +gamma O +globulin O +when O +a O +polyethylene B-Chemical +glycol I-Chemical +separation O +technique O +is O +used O +in O +digoxin B-Chemical +radioimmunoassay O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +salicylate B-Chemical +and O +chloroquine B-Chemical +on O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +articular O +damage O +in O +the O +rabbit O +knee O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +with O +intramuscular O +chloroquine B-Chemical +at O +clinical O +levels O +and O +4 O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +Whereas O +chloroquine B-Chemical +' O +s O +ability O +to O +stabilize O +cell O +membranes O +is O +protective O +in O +this O +experiment O +, O +salicylate B-Chemical +' O +s O +ability O +to O +prevent O +biosynthesis O +of O +prostaglandins B-Chemical +is O +bypassed O +and O +therefore O +is O +not O +protective O +. O + +aps B-category +Thyroxine B-Chemical +and O +protein O +- O +bound O +iodine B-Chemical +concentrations O +in O +plasma O +of O +the O +pacific O +hagfish O +, O +Eptatretus O +stouti O +( O +Cyclostomata O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +chromosomes O +of O +an O +established O +cell O +line O +of O +Dipodomys O +panamintinus O +have O +been O +characterised O +in O +terms O +of O +their O +C O +, O +G O +and O +Q O +banding O +patterns O +, O +and O +the O +distributions O +of O +silver B-Chemical +grains O +in O +autoradiographs O +of O +chromosomes O +labelled O +in O +early O +or O +late O +S O +phase O +. O + +aps B-category +Rapid O +effects O +of O +single O +small O +doses O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thyroxine I-Chemical +and O +triiodo O +- O +L O +- O +thyronine O +on O +growth O +hormone O +, O +as O +studied O +in O +the O +rat O +by O +radioimmunoassy O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +radiotelemetry O +and O +a O +bipole O +lead B-Chemical +all O +horses O +showed O +negative O +T O +waves O +immediately O +after O +exercise O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +inhibitor O +of O +the O +activated O +first O +component O +of O +complement O +, O +at O +the O +highest O +concentration O +studied O +of O +100 O +/ O +mug O +/ O +ml O +, O +slightly O +enhanced O +chemotactic O +migration O +in O +response O +to O +C5a O +without O +influencing O +random O +migration O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +pig O +submaxillary O +gland O +mucins O +displayed O +strikingly O +high O +levels O +of O +Ulex O +anti O +- O +HC O +inihibiting O +activity O +, O +even O +in O +the O +complete O +absence O +of O +Ulex O +anti O +- O +HF O +inhibiting O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +sedimentation O +coefficient O +of O +the O +synthesized O +immunoglobulins O +was O +investigated O +by O +sucrose B-Chemical +density O +gradient O +centrifugation O +and O +their O +characterization O +was O +carried O +out O +by O +starch O +and O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +. O + +aps B-category +Granulocytes O +from O +the O +peripheral O +blood O +of O +normal O +subjects O +and O +a O +patient O +with O +hereditary O +myeloperoxidase O +deficiency O +were O +homogenized O +in O +0 O +. O +34 O +M O +sucrose B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +remaining O +fractions O +containing O +amino B-Chemical +sugars O +, O +protein O +( O +s O +) O +, O +and O +neutral O +sugars O +showed O +a O +slight O +inhibition O +, O +but O +the O +inhibition O +did O +not O +correlate O +with O +the O +amount O +of O +amino B-Chemical +sugars O +. O + +aps B-category +Interaction O +of O +hepatitis B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +surface I-Chemical +antigen I-Chemical +( O +Australia O +antigen O +) O +with O +membrane O +vesicles O +of O +Pseudomonas O +aeruginosa O +. O + +aps B-category +Bacteriophages O +can O +be O +induced O +from O +the O +isolated O +P O +. O +aeruginosa O +with O +mitomycin B-Chemical +C I-Chemical +; O +the O +phages O +, O +after O +purification O +on O +CsCl O +gradients O +, O +also O +lyse O +P O +. O +aeruginosa O +strain O +25102 O +( O +ATCC O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Automated O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +. O + +aps B-category +Energy O +production O +in O +rat O +mast O +cells O +and O +its O +role O +for O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulation O +and O +inhibition O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +from O +isolated O +rat O +mast O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Is O +there O +a O +link O +between O +resistance O +of O +rats O +to O +dextran B-Chemical +and O +their O +failure O +to O +produce O +reaginic O +antibodies O +? O + +aps B-category +The O +reactions O +of O +glyoxylic O +acid O +with O +peripheral O +stores O +of O +noradrenaline B-Chemical +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical +to O +provide O +a O +fluorescence O +histochemical O +method O +for O +their O +localization O +have O +been O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +amines B-Chemical +can O +be O +visualized O +after O +incubation O +at O +neutral O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +not O +stained O +by O +the O +procedure O +for O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +constant O +dye O +to O +aldehyde B-Chemical +ratio O +did O +not O +change O +when O +the O +hydrolysis O +was O +performed O +at O +a O +lower O +acid O +concentration O +( O +0 O +. O +3 O +M O +HCl O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +the O +Gömöri O +technique O +, O +lead B-Chemical +precipitates O +have O +been O +found O +in O +thyroid O +follicle O +cells O +in O +unusual O +localizations O +such O +as O +apical O +hyaloplasm O +and O +microvilli O +; O +it O +has O +been O +established O +that O +they O +were O +actually O +significant O +for O +acid O +phosphatase O +activity O +: O +constant O +results O +in O +spite O +of O +repeated O +controls O +and O +several O +variations O +from O +the O +original O +cytochemical O +technique O +, O +allow O +to O +think O +that O +lead B-Chemical +precipitates O +were O +not O +merely O +artefactual O +, O +but O +actually O +significant O +of O +enzymatic O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +a O +treatment O +for O +20 O +hours O +with O +TCH O +, O +silver B-Chemical +stained O +grains O +were O +visible O +on O +the O +polysaccharide O +filaments O +of O +the O +sensory O +chamber O +, O +between O +the O +microvilli O +and O +the O +vacuoles O +of O +the O +epidermal O +cells O +lining O +to O +the O +sensory O +cavity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +colloidal O +iron B-Chemical +constitutes O +a O +deposit O +opaque O +to O +electrons O +and O +located O +both O +on O +the O +filamentous O +polysaccharides O +of O +the O +sensory O +cavity O +and O +in O +the O +vacuoles O +of O +the O +epidermal O +cells O +, O +indicating O +that O +only O +these O +filamentous O +polysaccharides O +display O +acid O +radicals O +. O + +aps B-category +Prior O +to O +immunocytological O +reactions O +, O +endogenous O +peroxidases O +were O +inhibited O +by O +hydrogen B-Chemical +peroxide I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +has O +been O +established O +that O +dense O +projections O +are O +adequately O +visualized O +with O +methods O +demonstrating O +basic O +chemical O +groups O +( O +phosphotungstic O +acid O +and O +bismuth O +iodide O +) O +, O +whereas O +the O +synaptic O +vesicles O +are O +stained O +by O +techniques O +demonstrating O +acid O +chemical O +groups O +( O +ruthenium B-Chemical +red O +and O +uranyl O +acetate O +and O +lead B-Chemical +citrate B-Chemical +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +preparation O +contained O +0 O +. O +14 O +% O +active O +ingredient O +, O +gamma O +isomer O +of O +benzene B-Chemical +hexachloride O +( O +BHC O +) O +, O +a O +normally O +safe O +concentration O +for O +cattle O +. O + +aps B-category +Collaborative O +study O +of O +a O +semiautomated O +method O +for O +the O +analysis O +of O +acenocoumarol O +, O +phenprocoumon O +, O +and O +potassium B-Chemical +warfarin B-Chemical +tablets O +. O + +aps B-category +Results O +agreed O +well O +with O +the O +National O +Formulary O +methods O +for O +phenprocoumon O +and O +potassium B-Chemical +warfarin B-Chemical +, O +and O +an O +unpublished O +method O +for O +acenocoumarol O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +of O +this O +study O +show O +that O +acenocoumarol O +, O +phenprocoumon O +, O +and O +potassium B-Chemical +warfarin B-Chemical +can O +be O +analyzed O +by O +the O +official O +AOAC O +method O +for O +the O +analysis O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +warfarin I-Chemical +and O +dicumarol O +tablets O +. O + +aps B-category +L O +- O +Tryptophan O +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +dioxygenase O +( O +EC O +1 O +. O +13 O +. O +11 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +As O +a O +macroscopic O +stain O +for O +gross O +brain O +sections O +to O +be O +embedded O +in O +plastic O +, O +tannic O +acid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +iron I-Chemical +alum O +is O +superior O +to O +the O +generally O +recommended O +LeMasurier O +' O +s O +variation O +of O +the O +Berlin O +blue O +technique O +because O +of O +its O +greater O +permanency O +in O +plastic O +. O + +aps B-category +Develop O +in O +0 O +. O +08 O +% O +ferric O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +in O +distilled O +water O +until O +gray O +matter O +is O +light O +gray O +, O +about O +10 O +- O +15 O +seconds O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +latter O +method O +may O +offer O +hazards O +related O +to O +the O +high O +tension O +and O +production O +of O +ozone B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +Grimelius O +silver B-Chemical +nitrate B-Chemical +technique O +stains O +adult O +rat O +A O +cells O +but O +failed O +to O +stain O +fetal O +cells O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Viable O +cells O +are O +capable O +of O +storing O +fluorescein B-Chemical +intracellularly O +, O +bound O +to O +structural O +elements O +. O + +aps B-category +Beyond O +this O +, O +they O +are O +incapable O +of O +fluorescein B-Chemical +binding O +to O +structural O +elements O +. O + +aps B-category +1 O +) O +were O +grown O +aerobically O +in O +Whittlestone O +' O +s O +Medium O +containing O +swine O +serum O +for O +4 O +- O +5 O +days O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +. O +After O +centrifugation O +and O +washing O +they O +were O +freeze O +- O +dried O +and O +extracted O +with O +a O +phenol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetic I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +water I-Chemical +solution O +( O +4 O +: O +2 O +: O +1 O +) O +( O +1 O +ml O +/ O +5 O +mg O +mycoplasma O +dru O +weight O +) O +at O +4 O +degrees O +C O +over O +48 O +h O +. O +After O +centrifugation O +2 O +volumes O +of O +the O +supernatant O +were O +mixed O +with O +1 O +volume O +of O +a O +40 O +% O +sucrose B-Chemical +solution O +in O +35 O +% O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +This O +solution O +was O +overlayed O +with O +0 O +, O +1 O +ml O +75 O +% O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +tubes O +then O +filled O +with O +10 O +% O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +basement O +membrane O +( O +BM O +) O +was O +examined O +by O +light O +microscopy O +in O +cases O +of O +lobular O +carcinoma O +in O +situ O +of O +the O +breast O +( O +LCIS O +) O +, O +employing O +the O +following O +stains O +: O +haematoxylin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +eosin I-Chemical +, O +van O +Gieson O +- O +Hansen O +, O +PAS O +, O +colloidal B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +iron I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +PAS I-Chemical +, O +and O +reticulin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +afterchroming O +process O +renders O +the O +stain O +much O +more O +resistant O +to O +various O +extraction O +agents O +and O +even O +moderately O +resistant O +to O +acid O +alcohol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +reversible O +syndrome O +resembling O +systemic O +lupus O +erythematosus O +and O +induced O +by O +hydralazine B-Chemical +hydrochloride O +therapy O +is O +a O +well O +- O +recognized O +phenomenon O +in O +adults O +but O +does O +not O +seem O +to O +have O +been O +reported O +in O +children O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +not O +known O +whether O +children O +receiving O +hydralazine B-Chemical +are O +as O +susceptible O +to O +this O +complication O +as O +adults O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +rhythm O +distrubance O +failed O +to O +respond O +to O +sedatives O +and O +narcotics O +but O +was O +successfuly O +reverted O +to O +sinus O +rhythm O +following O +the O +administration O +of O +intravenous O +propranolol B-Chemical +to O +the O +mother O +. O + +aps B-category +d O +- O +Hyoscyamine O +did O +not O +change O +SVD O +or O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +vasodilation O +, O +but O +when O +administered O +prior O +to O +l O +- O +hyoscyamine O +, O +threshold O +for O +blockade O +of O +SVD O +by O +the O +l O +- O +isomer O +increased O +10 O +, O +000 O +- O +fold O +. O + +aps B-category +Eserine O +partly O +blocked O +SVD O +, O +but O +enhanced O +and O +prolonged O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +vasodilation O +. O + +aps B-category +14 O +allergic O +reactions O +to O +dextran B-Chemical +60 O +and O +dextran B-Chemical +75 O +are O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +the O +patients O +were O +treated O +with O +prednisolone B-Chemical +and O +fluids O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +procedure O +for O +the O +rapid O +, O +quantitative O +N O +- O +acetylation O +of O +amino B-Chemical +sugar O +methyl O +glycosides O +. O + +aps B-category +Efficiency O +of O +potassium B-Chemical +permanganate O +in O +differentiating O +between O +live O +and O +dead O +nematodes O +. O + +aps B-category +Liver O +disease O +and O +alcohol B-Chemical +: O +fatty O +liver O +, O +alcoholic O +hepatitis O +, O +cirrhosis O +, O +and O +their O +interrelationships O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +stimulation O +of O +the O +posterior O +pituitary O +by O +dehydration O +, O +in O +particular O +after O +injection O +of O +the O +diuretic B-Chemical +furosemide B-Chemical +, O +leads O +to O +an O +increased O +activity O +of O +pituicytes O +. O + +aps B-category +Microtubules O +, O +cyclic O +AMP O +, O +calcium B-Chemical +, O +and O +secretion O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +at O +molarities O +equivalent O +to O +mu O += O +0 O +. O +08 O +, O +four O +monovalent O +cation O +salts O +, O +including O +NaCl B-Chemical +, O +Na O +( O +2 O +) O +SO O +( O +4 O +) O +, O +NH O +( O +4 O +) O +Cl O +, O +and O +( O +NH O +( O +4 O +) O +) O +( O +2 O +) O +SO O +( O +4 O +) O +, O +all O +prevented O +inhibition O +by O +dihydrostreptomycin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +clinical O +course O +of O +6 O +children O +with O +primary O +intestinal O +lymphangiectuasia O +who O +have O +been O +treated O +with O +low O +fat O +medium O +chain O +triglyceride B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +supplemented I-Chemical +diets O +for O +between O +3 O +and O +8 O +years O +( O +4 O +for O +longer O +than O +5 O +years O +) O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +Certain O +samples O +of O +honey O +produced O +by O +bees O +in O +the O +vicinity O +of O +the O +New O +York O +State O +Thruway O +appeared O +to O +contain O +elevated O +levels O +of O +certain O +elements O +known O +to O +be O +emitted O +by O +traffic O +, O +such O +as O +aluminum B-Chemical +, O +barium B-Chemical +, O +calcuim O +, O +copper B-Chemical +, O +magnesium B-Chemical +, O +nickel O +, O +palladium O +, O +and O +silicon O +, O +but O +the O +true O +source O +of O +these O +elements O +was O +uncertain O +. O + +aps B-category +Specimens O +from O +various O +types O +of O +Paget O +disease O +, O +other O +tumors O +, O +and O +certain O +normal O +tissues O +were O +examined O +with O +a O +battery O +of O +histochemical O +techniques O +, O +including O +the O +sodium B-Chemical +borohydride B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +potassium I-Chemical +hydroxide O +- O +PAS O +method O +that O +specifically O +stains O +certain O +sialomucins O +that O +are O +found O +in O +terminal O +parts O +of O +the O +ileum O +and O +of O +the O +colon O +. O + +aps B-category +High O +field O +carbon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +13 I-Chemical +NMR O +spectroscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +Early O +temporal O +changes O +in O +the O +uridine B-Chemical +kinase O +isozyme O +profile O +of O +the O +Novikoff O +hepatoma O +in O +response O +to O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +azacytidine I-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +morphological O +changes O +developing O +due O +to O +this O +treatment O +were O +compared O +with O +the O +hormone O +blood O +level O +measured O +as O +labelled O +protein O +- O +bound O +iodine B-Chemical +( O +PBI O +- O +127 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +the O +substances O +in O +vivo O +was O +measured O +on O +the O +size O +of O +the O +tumour O +, O +and O +in O +vitro O +on O +the O +incorporation O +of O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +H I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +and O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +H I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +uridine I-Chemical +in O +short O +- O +term O +incubations O +of O +tumour O +- O +cell O +suspensions O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +the O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +H I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +uridine I-Chemical +incorporation O +in O +the O +tumour O +- O +cell O +suspensions O +in O +vitro O +was O +in O +good O +agreement O +with O +the O +results O +of O +therapy O +in O +the O +animal O +experiments O +. O + +aps B-category +Extracellular O +( O +perifibrous O +, O +interstitial O +) O +deposits O +of O +lipid O +with O +a O +high O +content O +of O +esterified O +cholesterol B-Chemical +were O +found O +in O +more O +than O +90 O +% O +of O +human O +specimens O +, O +in O +52 O +% O +of O +other O +mammals O +and O +in O +62 O +. O +5 O +% O +of O +birds O +included O +in O +the O +survey O +. O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +gonadotrophins O +( O +LH O +and O +FSH O +) O +, O +oestrogen B-Chemical +, O +testosterone B-Chemical +and O +SHBG O +were O +all O +markedly O +elevated O +in O +thyrotoxic O +subjects O +but O +became O +normal O +when O +the O +euthyroid O +state O +and O +normal O +menstruation O +were O +restored O +after O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +cDNAov O +was O +then O +employed O +in O +hybridization O +assays O +to O +determine O +the O +effect O +of O +estrogen B-Chemical +on O +the O +number O +of O +ovalbumin O +mRNA O +( O +MRNAov O +) O +molecules O +per O +tubular O +gland O +cell O +of O +the O +chick O +oviduct O +. O + +aps B-category +Daily O +estrogen B-Chemical +administration O +to O +the O +immature O +chick O +resulted O +in O +growth O +of O +the O +oviduct O +, O +differentiation O +of O +epithelial O +cells O +to O +tubular O +glands O +, O +and O +a O +corresponding O +increase O +in O +the O +concentration O +of O +mRNAov O +in O +the O +tubular O +gland O +cell O +from O +essentially O +zero O +before O +estrogen B-Chemical +administration O +to O +48 O +, O +000 O +molecules O +per O +cell O +after O +18 O +days O +of O +estrogen B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Readministration O +of O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +estrogen B-Chemical +to O +these O +chicks O +resulted O +in O +a O +dramatic O +and O +rapid O +increase O +in O +the O +concentration O +of O +mRNAov O +. O + +aps B-category +Results O +obtained O +from O +studies O +of O +actinomycin O +D O +binding O +to O +heat O +- O +denatured O +poly O +[ O +d O +( O +DAP O +- O +A O +- O +T O +) O +] O +and O +of O +actinomine O +and O +actinomycin O +D O +lactam O +binding O +to O +DNA O +suggest O +that O +the O +slow O +rate O +processes O +are O +related O +to O +an O +actinomycyl O +- O +pentapeptide O +- O +induced O +unwinding O +of O +the O +sugar B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +backbone O +of O +DNA O +accompanying O +insertion O +of O +the O +cyclic O +peptides O +into O +DNA O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +of O +the O +peptides O +containing O +the O +half B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cysteine I-Chemical +residues O +forming O +the O +interchain O +disulfide O +bonds O +, O +the O +glycopeptide O +of O +the O +Fc O +fragment O +and O +the O +COOH O +- O +terminal O +structure O +were O +similar O +if O +not O +identical O +with O +the O +analogous O +structures O +of O +gamma1 O +chains O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +of O +the O +above O +methods O +, O +coupled O +with O +the O +observed O +vicinal O +alpha O +- O +CH O +- O +NH O +coupling O +constants O +and O +chemical O +shifts O +, O +indicate O +that O +in O +trifluoroethanol O +the O +peptide O +NH O +PROTONS O +OF O +D O +- O +Phe4 O +, O +D O +- O +Phe9 O +, O +L O +- O +Orn2 O +, O +and O +L O +- O +Val6 O +are O +exposed O +to O +the O +sovent O +, O +and O +those O +of O +L O +- O +Val1 O +, O +L O +- O +Orn7 O +, O +and O +L O +- O +Leu8 O +are O +solvent O +shielded O +and O +intramolecularly O +hydrogen B-Chemical +bonded O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +second O +half O +of O +the O +molecule O +exhibits O +a O +different O +type O +of O +stable O +beta O +turn O +involving O +the O +ten O +- O +atom O +hydrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bonded I-Chemical +ring O +, O +cyclo O +- O +( O +L O +- O +Orn7 O +- O +NH O +- O +- O +O O +- O +C O +D O +- O +PHE4 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +N O +- O +Bromosuccinimide O +oxidation O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +groups O +nearly O +abolished O +native O +protein O +fluorescence O +, O +but O +did O +not O +affect O +dye O +binding O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fluorescence O +emission O +of O +ANS O +bound O +to O +myelin O +was O +not O +affected O +by O +alkylation O +of O +membrane O +tryptophan B-Chemical +groups O +with O +the O +Koshland O +reagents O +, O +except O +for O +abolition O +of O +energy O +transfer O +from O +tryptophan B-Chemical +to O +bound O +dye O +molecules O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +proposed O +that O +in O +the O +intact O +myelin O +membrane O +the O +proteolipid O +is O +probably O +strongly O +associated O +with O +specific O +anionic O +membrane O +lipids O +( O +i O +. O +e O +. O +, O +phosphatidylserine B-Chemical +) O +, O +and O +most O +likely O +deeply O +embedded O +within O +the O +lipid O +hydrocarbon O +matrix O +of O +the O +myelin O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fraction O +binding O +of O +14 O +- O +C O +- O +salicylic O +acid O +and O +14 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +C I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +pentobarbital I-Chemical +was O +studied O +as O +a O +function O +of O +age O +in O +plasma O +of O +the O +pig O +, O +dog O +, O +goat O +and O +human O +. O + +aps B-category +Depletion O +of O +albumin O +in O +newborn O +pig O +plasma O +did O +not O +appreciably O +affect O +the O +binding O +of O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +apparently O +does O +not O +exist O +at O +birth O +in O +the O +plasmas O +of O +the O +other O +species O +studied O +, O +as O +depletion O +of O +albumin O +markedly O +reduced O +the O +fractional O +binding O +of O +pentobarbital B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +no O +Ig O +synthesis O +by O +this O +patient O +' O +s O +cultured O +cells O +could O +be O +demonstrated O +, O +indicating O +a O +different O +level O +of O +block O +in O +the O +2 O +cases O +despite O +their O +similarity O +at O +the O +level O +of O +the O +cell O +surface O +. O + +aps B-category +Distribution O +of O +lindane B-Chemical +in O +brains O +of O +control O +and O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +pretreated O +dogs O +at O +the O +onset O +of O +lindane B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +convulsions O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +very O +few O +area O +4 O +efferents O +seemed O +to O +terminate O +in O +the O +caudate O +nucleus O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +distribution O +of O +molecules O +labeled O +with O +[ O +3H O +] O +leucine B-Chemical +by O +fast O +axoplasmic O +transport O +in O +vivo O +has O +been O +studied O +in O +the O +garfish O +olfactory O +nerve O +after O +incorporation O +of O +the O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +by O +the O +olfactory O +mucosa O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +4 O +) O +Proteins O +with O +high O +specific O +activities O +are O +found O +near O +the O +cell O +bodies O +and O +may O +be O +the O +result O +of O +early O +axonal O +transport O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +diffusing O +later O +into O +the O +surrounding O +cells O +and O +being O +incorporated O +into O +proteins O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +all O +tissues O +tested O +, O +actinomycin O +D O +increased O +injury O +and O +BCNU B-Chemical +did O +not O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +increased O +injury O +only O +in O +the O +lung O +, O +where O +vincristine B-Chemical +caused O +minimal O +injury O +, O +and O +hydroxyurea O +, O +none O +. O + +aps B-category +Twenty O +- O +two O +children O +with O +rhabdomyosarcoma O +were O +treated O +with O +combination O +chemotherapy O +using O +vincristine B-Chemical +, O +actinomycin O +D O +, O +and O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +for O +varying O +time O +periods O +. O + +aps B-category +Twenty O +- O +seven O +unselected O +patients O +with O +limited O +disease O +non O +- O +oat O +- O +cell O +bronchogenic O +carcinoma O +were O +treated O +with O +a O +chemotherapy O +- O +radiotherapy O +protocol O +which O +consisted O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +, O +vincristine B-Chemical +, O +and O +methotrexate B-Chemical +followed O +by O +split O +- O +course O +radiation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +median O +survival O +time O +for O +the O +entire O +groups O +was O +42 O +weeks O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +a O +recent O +split O +- O +course O +radiotherapy O +historical O +control O +group O +whose O +median O +survival O +time O +was O +38 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +trial O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +( O +NSC O +- O +125066 O +) O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +metastatic O +renal O +carcinoma O +. O + +aps B-category +Fifteen O +patients O +received O +bleomycin B-Chemical +intramuscularly O +and O +five O +patients O +received O +the O +drug O +via O +continuous O +infusion O +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetics O +of O +both O +leukemic O +and O +normal O +cell O +population O +reduction O +following O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +azacytidine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +repopulation O +of O +NCFU O +in O +normal O +mice O +was O +not O +delayed O +at O +a O +high O +dose O +of O +AzaCR O +( O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +mouse O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +14C O +activity O +of O +[ O +14C O +] O +bleomycin B-Chemical +bound O +to O +DNA O +in O +bleomycin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +rat O +ascites O +hepatoma O +cells O +( O +AH O +- O +66 O +) O +was O +8 O +. O +7 O +times O +higher O +than O +in O +resistant O +cells O +( O +AH O +- O +66F O +) O +when O +the O +cells O +were O +incubated O +with O +[ O +14C O +] O +bleomycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +bleomycin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +inactivating I-Chemical +enzyme O +level O +in O +the O +resistant O +cells O +was O +3 O +. O +5 O +times O +higher O +than O +in O +the O +sensitive O +cells O +, O +indicating O +that O +the O +antibiotic O +incorporated O +into O +the O +resistent O +cells O +was O +reduced O +in O +DNA O +- O +binding O +activity O +to O +a O +large O +extent O +. O + +aps B-category +Binding O +of O +[ O +14C O +] O +bleomycin B-Chemical +to O +DNA O +in O +vitro O +was O +studied O +in O +the O +presence O +and O +the O +absence O +of O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Cellular O +phosphorylation O +of O +1 O +- O +beta O +- O +D O +- O +arabinofuranosylcytosine O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +azacytidine I-Chemical +with O +intact O +fibrosarcoma O +and O +leukemic O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cellular O +phosphorylation O +of O +both O +these O +nucleoside B-Chemical +analogs O +appears O +to O +follow O +Michaelis O +- O +Menton O +kinetics O +. O + +aps B-category +Deoxycytidine O +and O +cytidine O +were O +found O +to O +be O +potent O +competitive O +inhibitors O +of O +the O +phosphorylation O +of O +ara B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +C I-Chemical +and O +5 O +- O +aza O +- O +C O +, O +respectively O +, O +ara B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +C I-Chemical +and O +5 O +- O +aza O +- O +C O +were O +found O +to O +be O +weak O +competitive O +inhibitors O +of O +the O +phosphorylation O +of O +deoxycytidine O +and O +cytidine O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +extent O +of O +surface O +CF O +reactivity O +of O +the O +marrow O +cells O +was O +markedly O +different O +from O +that O +obtained O +with O +Thorotrast O +and O +colloidal O +iron B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Neuronal O +projections O +from O +one O +optic O +lobe O +to O +other O +parts O +of O +the O +brain O +were O +stained O +in O +the O +cricket O +Gryllus O +campestris O +using O +the O +cobalt B-Chemical +sulphide O +technique O +and O +Timm O +' O +s O +sulphide B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +silver I-Chemical +method O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +neurons O +of O +the O +first O +optic O +ganglion O +( O +the O +lamina O +) O +in O +the O +desert O +ant O +, O +Cataglyphis O +bicolor O +, O +have O +been O +studied O +with O +the O +light O +microscope O +after O +Golgi O +silver B-Chemical +impregnation O +. O + +aps B-category +Modalities O +of O +detection O +of O +these O +virus O +- O +induced O +structures O +by O +means O +of O +sheep O +or O +rabbit O +globulines O +labelled O +with O +fluorescein B-Chemical +isothiocyanate O +are O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +supernatant O +of O +the O +inflammatory O +exudate O +after O +centrifugation O +at O +3 O +, O +000 O +g O +contained O +histamine B-Chemical +and O +the O +soluble O +lysosomal O +enzyme O +proteins O +, O +acid O +phosphatase O +and O +beta O +- O +glucuronidase O +until O +the O +sixth O +day O +following O +the O +initial O +dose O +of O +actinomycin O +D O +. O +5 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +analgesic O +properties O +of O +delta O +- O +9 O +- O +tetrahydrocannabinol O +and O +codeine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +chronic O +treatment O +with O +amitriptyline B-Chemical +and O +nortriptyline B-Chemical +on O +the O +elimination O +from O +plasma O +of O +warfarin B-Chemical +, O +dicumarol O +, O +phenytoin B-Chemical +, O +and O +tolbutamide O +were O +examined O +in O +man O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +consistent O +effect O +on O +the O +metabolism O +of O +dicumarol O +following O +treatment O +with O +amitriptyline B-Chemical +or O +nortriptyline B-Chemical +although O +the O +bioavailability O +of O +dicumarol O +appeared O +to O +be O +increased O +. O + +aps B-category +Reversible O +interstitial O +pneumonitis O +associated O +with O +low O +dose O +bleomycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dose O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +producing O +this O +complication O +was O +lower O +than O +previously O +reported O +, O +and O +the O +pulmonary O +toxicity O +was O +apparently O +completely O +reversible O +. O + +aps B-category +Periodic O +respiration O +during O +sleep O +was O +frequent O +at O +high O +altitude O +, O +was O +quickly O +terminated O +by O +oxygen B-Chemical +administration O +, O +was O +not O +clearly O +related O +to O +the O +increased O +number O +of O +arousals O +, O +and O +usually O +was O +not O +seen O +during O +REM O +periods O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +study O +examined O +the O +effect O +of O +a O +dose O +of O +alcohol B-Chemical +producing O +a O +mean O +blood O +alcohol B-Chemical +content O +of O +90 O +mg O +% O +on O +components O +of O +the O +scalp O +- O +recorded O +visually O +evoked O +potential O +( O +VEP O +) O +both O +with O +and O +without O +a O +visual O +discrimination O +task O +to O +control O +the O +level O +of O +attention O +, O +and O +the O +interaction O +of O +amplitudinal O +hemispheric O +asymmetry O +of O +the O +VEP O +with O +alcohol B-Chemical +treatment O +and O +the O +discrimination O +task O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +also O +found O +a O +reliable O +alcohol B-Chemical +by O +hemispheric O +asymmetry O +interaction O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +average O +evoked O +potential O +( O +AEP O +) O +produced O +by O +a O +stationary O +grating O +of O +high O +dark O +- O +bright O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +recorded O +from O +the O +human O +occipital O +scalp O +, O +was O +less O +in O +amplitude O +when O +it O +was O +presented O +obliquely O +than O +when O +it O +was O +oriented O +horizontally O +or O +vertically O +, O +and O +in O +addition O +the O +amplitude O +was O +more O +variable O +for O +the O +oblique O +orientation O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +investigated O +changes O +in O +the O +EEG O +of O +addicts O +initially O +on O +heroin B-Chemical +as O +they O +progressed O +through O +the O +induction O +and O +maintenance O +phases O +of O +a O +methadone B-Chemical +program O +. O + +aps B-category +Methadone B-Chemical +induction O +led O +either O +to O +marked O +reduction O +of O +this O +peak O +and O +widening O +of O +alpha O +band O +activity O +or O +to O +an O +increase O +in O +frequency O +of O +the O +alpha O +peak O +to O +12 O +c O +/ O +sec O +. O + +aps B-category +Electroencephalographic O +signs O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +tolerance O +and O +physical O +dependence O +in O +the O +cat O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +animals O +then O +received O +ethanol B-Chemical +by O +gastric O +intubation O +, O +in O +doses O +of O +1 O +. O +5 O +g O +/ O +kg O +every O +8 O +, O +12 O +or O +24 O +h O +, O +for O +a O +period O +of O +5 O +weeks O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +animals O +showed O +EEG O +changes O +which O +are O +interpreted O +as O +signs O +of O +tolerance O +to O +and O +dependence O +on O +alcohol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Visually O +evoked O +response O +( O +VER O +) O +and O +EEG O +from O +the O +motor O +cortex O +( O +precruciate O +gyrus O +) O +and O +the O +visual O +cortex O +( O +marginal O +gyrus O +) O +of O +cats O +were O +recorded O +from O +4 O +to O +7 O +h O +after O +the O +injection O +of O +anesthetic O +doses O +of O +alpha B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +chloralose I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Pentobarbital B-Chemical +anesthesia O +produced O +little O +qualitative O +change O +in O +the O +effects O +of O +taurine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +study O +was O +designed O +to O +elucidate O +the O +feedback O +relationship O +between O +the O +release O +of O +pituitary O +gonadotropins O +and O +sex O +steroid B-Chemical +hormones O +in O +Turner O +' O +s O +syndrome O +and O +Klinefelter O +' O +s O +syndrome O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +release O +of O +gonadotropins O +in O +response O +to O +LH O +- O +RH O +as O +well O +as O +in O +baseline O +level O +was O +suppressed O +after O +the O +treatment O +with O +estrogen B-Chemical +( O +mestranol O +0 O +. O +08 O +mg O +/ O +day O +) O +for O +10 O +days O +, O +followed O +by O +the O +treatment O +of O +the O +same O +period O +with O +estrogen B-Chemical +( O +mestranol O +0 O +. O +08 O +mg O +/ O +day O +) O +and O +progesterone B-Chemical +( O +chlormadinone O +acetate O +2 O +. O +0 O +mg O +/ O +day O +) O +in O +combination O +in O +both O +syndromes O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +testosterone B-Chemical +propionate I-Chemical +( O +25 O +mg O +/ O +day O +) O +for O +3 O +days O +resulted O +in O +suppression O +of O +the O +release O +of O +both O +gonadotropins O +in O +baseline O +level O +and O +in O +response O +to O +LH O +- O +RH O +in O +both O +syndromes O +, O +but O +the O +suppressive O +effect O +appeared O +to O +be O +less O +complete O +as O +compared O +with O +that O +of O +estrogen B-Chemical +or O +estrogen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +progesterone I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +estrogen B-Chemical +and O +progesterone B-Chemical +levels O +in O +plasma O +as O +well O +as O +the O +changes O +in O +their O +relative O +concentrations O +may O +largely O +account O +for O +the O +structural O +changes O +on O +AP O +of O +pregnant O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +Either O +a O +decline O +, O +a O +rise O +, O +or O +no O +change O +of O +the O +DPH O +plasma O +level O +may O +occur O +after O +the O +onset O +of O +administration O +of O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Isoniazid B-Chemical +has O +been O +shown O +experimentally O +to O +be O +a O +strong O +inhibitor O +of O +DPH O +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +large O +fragment O +essentially O +composed O +of O +peptides O +F O +- O +CB1 O +and O +F O +- O +CB2 O +could O +be O +obtained O +by O +limited O +cyanogen O +bromide B-Chemical +cleavage O +and O +showed O +considerably O +better O +immunological O +activity O +than O +peptides O +F O +- O +CB1 O +and O +F O +- O +CB2 O +together O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +commonly O +used O +live O +- O +dead O +stains O +( O +eosin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nigrosin I-Chemical +( O +EN O +) O +and O +eosin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +opal I-Chemical +blue O +( O +EOB O +) O +) O +were O +compared O +with O +the O +estimated O +active O +spermatozoa O +in O +semen O +samples O +from O +patients O +attending O +an O +infertility O +service O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +are O +numerous O +methods O +of O +in O +vivo O +or O +in O +vitro O +testing O +: O +skin O +testing O +, O +passive O +anaphylaxis O +testing O +on O +animals O +, O +study O +of O +precipitins O +, O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +tests O +on O +human O +leukocytes O +, O +radio O +- O +immunological O +assay O +test O +( O +RAST O +) O +, O +blasticlymphocyte O +transformation O +test O +( O +TTB O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +show O +excellent O +correlation O +between O +the O +two O +biological O +results O +( O +cutaneous O +reaction O +and O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +) O +and O +the O +content O +of O +E O +antigen O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +studies O +demonstrated O +that O +10 O +units O +of O +antigen O +D3 O +gave O +1 O +) O +a O +70 O +% O +inhibition O +of O +PCA O +reactions O +in O +guinea O +pigs O +challenged O +with O +allergen O +B O +, O +and O +2 O +) O +a O +73 O +% O +inhibition O +of O +allergen O +- O +induced O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +from O +monkey O +lung O +tissue O +sensitized O +with O +timothy O +reagin O +and O +challenged O +with O +the O +crude O +pollen O +extract O +( O +WST O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +From O +the O +seemingly O +most O +appropriate O +methods O +for O +standardization O +procedures O +of O +allergen O +extracts O +, O +the O +most O +serious O +candidates O +are O +in O +sequence O +of O +age O +: O +the O +old O +atopic O +skin O +test O +, O +the O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +release I-Chemical +test O +, O +using O +human O +basophil O +cells O +and O +the O +radio O +- O +allergosorbent O +test O +. O + +aps B-category +Optimum O +fractionation O +regimen O +for O +bleomycin B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +tumorigenic O +effect O +of O +a O +diet O +containing O +the O +alpha O +- O +isomer O +of O +benzene B-Chemical +hexachloride O +( O +alpha O +- O +BHC O +) O +on O +the O +liver O +of O +various O +animals O +was O +examined O +. O + +aps B-category +Intramural O +injection O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +under O +direct O +vision O +for O +the O +treatment O +of O +protuberant O +lesions O +of O +the O +stomach O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +technique O +avoids O +the O +critical O +iodination O +of O +the O +hormone O +fragment O +containing O +no O +tyrosine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Autoradiography O +after O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +incorporation O +shows O +a O +late O +- O +labeling O +marker O +chromosome O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +compounds O +tested O +included O +4 O +azo O +dyes O +, O +12 O +polycyclic O +hydrocarbons O +, O +12 O +aromatic O +amines B-Chemical +, O +and O +7 O +miscellaneous O +compounds O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +by O +nicotinamide O +of O +an O +homologous O +PCA O +reaction O +and O +antigen O +- O +induced O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +from O +rat O +peritoneal O +mast O +cells O +. 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O + +aps B-category +This O +improvement O +has O +continued O +with O +a O +daily O +maintenance O +dose O +of O +1 O +. O +25 O +g O +. O +For O +patients O +with O +torsion O +dystonia O +, O +where O +the O +so O +- O +called O +myostatic O +component O +preponderates O +, O +cautious O +application O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +DOPA I-Chemical +seems O +to O +be O +justified O +and O +further O +clinical O +studies O +are O +suggested O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +investigating O +the O +specific O +activity O +of O +the O +enzyme O +with O +various O +molecular O +species O +of O +phosphatidylcholine O +and O +- O +ethanolamine O +, O +labelled O +at O +the O +1 O +position O +with O +different O +radioactive O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +we O +found O +that O +the O +phospholipase O +A1 O +preferentially O +removed O +those O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +from O +the O +1 O +position O +of O +phosphatidylcholines O +that O +have O +the O +fewest O +double O +bonds O +, O +while O +oleic O +and O +linoleic O +acid O +were O +released O +at O +almost O +similar O +rates O +from O +phosphatidylethanolamine O +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetics O +and O +mechanisms O +of O +degradation O +of O +the O +antileukemic O +agent O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +azacytidine I-Chemical +in O +aqueous O +solutions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +apparent O +first O +- O +order O +rate O +constants O +associated O +with O +formation O +of O +5 O +- O +azacytosine O +and O +5 O +- O +azauracil O +from O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +azacytidine I-Chemical +are O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +Within O +80 O +min O +, O +6 O +times O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +solutions O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +azacytidine I-Chemical +decreased O +to O +90 O +% O +of O +original O +potency O +based O +on O +assumptions O +related O +to O +the O +proposed O +mechanisms O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +metabolites O +released O +by O +either O +acidification O +or O +enzymatic O +hydrolysis O +were O +chromatographed O +in O +n O +- O +butanol O +- O +3 O +M O +ammonia B-Chemical +, O +artifacts O +were O +produced O +, O +presumably O +as O +a O +result O +of O +decomposition O +of O +7 O +- O +hydroxydicumarol O +. O + +aps B-category +6 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Chloro I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +9 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +2 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxyacridine I-Chemical +was O +found O +to O +be O +a O +metabolite O +of O +both O +quinacrine O +and O +the O +antimalarial O +alkylating O +agent O +quinacrine O +mustard O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +rats O +, O +chronic O +ganglionic O +blockade O +induced O +by O +repeated O +doses O +of O +chlorisodamine O +rapidly O +and O +profoundly O +lowered O +plasma O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +, O +but O +plasma O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxylase I-Chemical +( O +DBH O +) O +activity O +, O +even O +after O +5 O +days O +treatment O +, O +was O +not O +significantly O +reduced O +. O + +aps B-category +Chronic O +reserpine B-Chemical +treatment O +( O +2 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +on O +alternate O +days O +) O +increased O +plasma O +DBH O +after O +2 O +and O +5 O +days O +, O +whereas O +vinblastine O +( O +3 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +caused O +a O +progressive O +fall O +in O +enzyme O +activity O +in O +plasma O +over O +the O +same O +time O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +Granulomas O +were O +induced O +in O +rats O +by O +subcutaneous O +implantation O +of O +formalin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +soaked I-Chemical +filter O +- O +paper O +disks O +. O + +aps B-category +Histological O +observations O +of O +granulation O +tissue O +indicated O +that O +histamine B-Chemical +inhibited O +the O +proliferation O +of O +fibroblasts O +and O +the O +formation O +of O +capillaries O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +histamine B-Chemical +effects O +seem O +not O +to O +be O +mediated O +by O +glucocorticoid O +release O +, O +since O +an O +effective O +dose O +level O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +produced O +no O +change O +in O +growth O +or O +thymus O +weight O +. O + +aps B-category +Subcutaneous O +injection O +of O +the O +H2 O +- O +receptor O +antagonist O +, O +burimamide O +, O +blocked O +these O +histamine B-Chemical +effects O +and O +also O +of O +sinomeinine O +and O +aminoguanidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +indicate O +that O +granulation O +- O +tissue O +growth O +in O +inflammation O +is O +affected O +by O +the O +inhibitory O +effect O +of O +endogenous O +histamine B-Chemical +acting O +through O +H2 O +- O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +Previous O +studies O +had O +shown O +that O +cromolyn O +sodium B-Chemical +would O +inhibit O +anaphylactic O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +from O +rat O +peritoneal O +mast O +cells O +in O +vitro O +( O +J O +. O +Pharmacol O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +histamine B-Chemical +was O +measured O +fluorometrically O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +concentration O +of O +cromolyn O +sodium B-Chemical +necessary O +to O +obtain O +50 O +% O +inhibition O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +increased O +from O +6 O +muM O +in O +0 O +% O +D2O O +, O +to O +80 O +muM O +in O +10 O +% O +D2O O +and O +to O +greater O +than O +500 O +muM O +in O +25 O +% O +D2O O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +suggests O +that O +the O +interaction O +between O +D2O O +, O +cromolyn O +sodium B-Chemical +and O +the O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +releasing I-Chemical +processes O +of O +mast O +cells O +is O +not O +a O +simple O +one O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +increase O +in O +frequency O +is O +observed O +also O +in O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +free I-Chemical +media O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +latter O +effect O +of O +Ruthenium B-Chemical +red I-Chemical +is O +antagonized O +by O +calcium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Growth O +inhibition O +of O +Crithidia O +fasciculata O +by O +4 O +- O +nitroquinoline O +1 O +- O +oxide O +( O +NQO O +) O +was O +observed O +in O +defined O +and O +complex O +media O +at O +28 O +C O +. O +Aromatic O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +, O +cystein O +, O +and O +nicotinic O +acid O +, O +among O +several O +other O +substances O +, O +were O +ineffective O +in O +overcoming O +NQO O +toxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +yet O +, O +the O +efficiency O +of O +the O +current O +diagnostic O +procedures O +for O +detecting O +the O +lesions O +dues O +to O +bleomycin B-Chemical +injections O +is O +not O +clearly O +demonstrated O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +procedures O +were O +used O +repeatedly O +on O +rabbits O +, O +before O +, O +during O +and O +after O +the O +bleomycin B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +oestrogen B-Chemical +administered O +during O +the O +progestational O +phase O +of O +the O +cycle O +on O +transport O +of O +spermatozoa O +in O +ewes O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +an O +interaction O +between O +progestagen B-Chemical +and O +oestrogen B-Chemical +influence O +before O +mating O +on O +the O +pattern O +of O +sperm O +transport O +through O +the O +cervix O +. O + +aps B-category +SLE O +and O +chronic O +active O +liver O +disease O +sera O +showed O +marked O +heterogeneity O +, O +producing O +precipitin O +lines O +with O +nucleosides B-Chemical +or O +nucleotides O +, O +or O +both O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +sera O +from O +patients O +with O +PSS O +showed O +precipitins O +with O +RNA O +, O +uridine B-Chemical +and O +UMP O +. O + +aps B-category +Their O +presence O +was O +confirmed O +by O +reactivity O +with O +thymidine B-Chemical +and O +TMP O +. O + +aps B-category +Alkyating O +agents O +have O +a O +limited O +role O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +lupus O +nephropathy O +and O +cutaneous O +vasculitis O +but O +azathioprine B-Chemical +is O +probably O +of O +no O +value O +in O +SLE O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +ultrastructural O +and O +cytochemical O +study O +of O +the O +isoproterenol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +secretory O +cycle O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +particular O +regimen O +has O +been O +examined O +in O +relation O +to O +the O +hormonal O +effects O +of O +endocrine O +ablation O +, O +and O +to O +the O +dosage O +and O +type O +of O +estrogen B-Chemical +therapy O +used O +in O +59 O +men O +with O +prostatic O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +confirmed O +that O +gonadotropin O +levels O +remained O +in O +the O +normal O +range O +in O +patients O +whose O +testosterone B-Chemical +levels O +were O +suppressed O +with O +chlorotrianisene O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +tests O +with O +various O +sugars O +showed O +that O +the O +serologically O +active O +sugars O +were O +galactose B-Chemical +for O +antigen O +f O +and O +glucose B-Chemical +for O +antigen O +6 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +high O +scholastic O +achievement O +of O +many O +of O +these O +patients O +is O +strong O +evidence O +that O +low O +oxygen B-Chemical +saturation O +of O +arterial O +blood O +is O +not O +a O +prime O +cause O +of O +mental O +retardation O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Oscillopolarographic O +determination O +of O +copper B-Chemical +, O +lead B-Chemical +and O +zinc B-Chemical +in O +blood O +with O +preliminary O +accumulation O +on O +a O +stationary O +mercury O +electrode O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Use O +of O +18 O +- O +tungsten O +, O +molybdo O +- O +2 O +- O +phosphates O +of O +ammonium B-Chemical +for O +determination O +of O +protein O +by O +Lauri O +' O +s O +method O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +possible O +mechanism O +of O +this O +effect O +is O +discussed O +; O +it O +is O +our O +hypothesis O +that O +it O +involves O +proton O +interactions O +with O +plasma O +membrane O +components O +which O +either O +affect O +available O +membrane O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +groups O +or O +otherwise O +stabilize O +the O +cell O +membrane O +against O +loss O +of O +semipermeable O +characteristics O +and O +cellular O +lysis O +. O + +aps B-category +Young O +cultures O +of O +fetal O +mouse O +spinal O +cord O +were O +exposed O +to O +nutrient O +medium O +containingAY9944 O +[ O +trans O +- O +1 O +, O +4 O +- O +bis O +( O +2 O +- O +chlorobenzylaminomethyl O +) O +cyclohexane O +dihydrochloride O +] O +, O +apotent O +cholesterol B-Chemical +biosynthesis O +inhibitor O +, O +and O +their O +reactions O +were O +studied O +by O +light O +and O +electron O +microscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amount O +of O +PHA O +which O +was O +initially O +bound O +to O +spleen O +cells O +in O +serum O +- O +free O +medium O +appeared O +to O +be O +insufficient O +for O +a O +subsequent O +full O +stimulation O +of O +blastogenesis O +( O +[ O +3 O +- O +H O +] O +thymidine B-Chemical +incorporation O +) O +in O +either O +young O +or O +old O +mouse O +spleen O +cells O +; O +when O +washed O +free O +of O +unbound O +extracellular O +PHA O +and O +upon O +clutivation O +in O +serum O +- O +containing O +culture O +medium O +, O +spleen O +cells O +rapidly O +released O +more O +than O +90 O +% O +of O +the O +bound O +PHA O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +of O +male O +and O +female O +mice O +with O +oestrogen B-Chemical +significantly O +enhanced O +the O +growth O +of O +" O +pyelonephritic O +" O +strains O +in O +the O +kidney O +, O +but O +had O +no O +effect O +of O +any O +kind O +on O +the O +growth O +of O +" O +gastroenteritis O +" O +strains O +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +those O +strains O +that O +have O +a O +natural O +predilection O +for O +growth O +in O +the O +kidney O +are O +likely O +to O +be O +influenced O +by O +oestrogen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Reserpine B-Chemical +use O +was O +examined O +for O +yearly O +use O +by O +each O +year O +preceding O +the O +diagnosis O +of O +breast O +cancer O +, O +by O +cumulative O +yearly O +use O +, O +and O +by O +other O +defined O +time O +periods O +. O + +aps B-category +Over O +half O +of O +the O +women O +used O +reserpine B-Chemical +at O +some O +time O +during O +their O +hospital O +stay O +. O + +aps B-category +to O +1 O +, O +25 O +- O +dihydroxycholecalciferol O +than O +a O +low O +dietary O +intake O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +D I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +24 O +% O +of O +a O +healthy O +control O +population O +had O +antibody O +to O +hepatitis B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +B I-Chemical +surface I-Chemical +antigen I-Chemical +( O +HBsAb O +) O +detectable O +by O +passive O +haemagglutination O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +close O +relationship O +was O +found O +between O +the O +presence O +of O +HBsAb O +and O +liver O +dysfunction O +in O +carriers O +of O +HBsAg B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Increased O +sensitivity O +of O +platelets O +to O +adrenaline B-Chemical +in O +human O +myotonic O +dystrophy O +. O + +aps B-category +and O +collagen O +but O +were O +unusually O +sensitive O +to O +adrenaline B-Chemical +, O +aggregation O +being O +detectable O +with O +adrenaline B-Chemical +concentrations O +as O +low O +as O +0 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Purified O +nucleolar O +DNA O +was O +markedly O +degraded O +at O +a O +concentration O +of O +13 O +mug O +/ O +ml O +by O +bleomycin B-Chemical +A2 O +; O +bleomycin B-Chemical +concentrations O +20 O +- O +30 O +times O +greater O +were O +required O +to O +degrade O +nucleoplasmic O +DNA O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +of O +the O +various O +types O +of O +DNA O +with O +high O +concentrations O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +A2 O +produced O +low O +molecular O +weight O +( O +approximately O +6S O +) O +fragments O +that O +were O +no O +longer O +sensitive O +to O +degradation O +by O +bleomycin B-Chemical +A2 O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +on O +RNA O +synthesis O +in O +Novikoff O +hepatoma O +ascites O +cells O +in O +vitro O +showed O +there O +was O +a O +decreased O +uptake O +of O +32Pi O +into O +high O +molecular O +weight O +nuclear O +RNA O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +A2 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Treatment O +with O +bleomycin B-Chemical +had O +no O +effect O +on O +wound O +strength O +at O +days O +3 O +or O +21 O +but O +prevented O +an O +increase O +in O +wound O +strength O +from O +day O +3 O +to O +day O +7 O +; O +1 O +, O +3 O +- O +bis O +( O +2 O +- O +choroethyl O +) O +- O +1 O +- O +nitrosurea O +( O +BCNU B-Chemical +) O +decreased O +wound O +strength O +at O +all O +time O +points O +after O +operation O +, O +whereas O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +Fluorouracil I-Chemical +had O +no O +significant O +effect O +at O +any O +time O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +times O +10 O +( O +5 O +) O +lymphocytes O +in O +a O +small O +volume O +( O +15 O +mul O +) O +with O +a O +low O +DMSO B-Chemical +concentration O +( O +5 O +% O +) O +were O +directly O +frozen O +in O +a O +- O +- O +70 O +degrees O +C O +freezer O +. 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O + +aps B-category +All O +other O +compounds O +decreased O +the O +circulating O +level O +of O +interferon B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +of O +these O +" O +anti B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +interferon I-Chemical +" O +compounds O +, O +i O +. O +e O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +test O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +liver O +function O +is O +different O +in O +populations O +with O +inherited O +susceptibility O +to O +persistent O +Australia O +antigen O +( O +hepatitis B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +surface I-Chemical +antigen I-Chemical +[ O +HBsAg B-Chemical +] O +) O +, O +Sardinians O +living O +in O +Turin O +, O +Italy O +, O +were O +compared O +with O +their O +native O +Turinese O +neighbors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +levels O +of O +alpha2 O +- O +globulin O +by O +electrophoresis O +correlated O +with O +the O +presence O +of O +HBsAg B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Stimulation O +of O +the O +paravascular O +carotid O +receptors O +by O +bradykinin B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Bradykinin B-Chemical +and O +PGE O +sensitize O +each O +other O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +stimulation O +of O +paravascular O +nociceptive O +receptors O +is O +wholly O +responsible O +for O +the O +reactions O +by O +intracarotid O +injection O +of O +bradykinin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Similar O +hypothalamic O +reactions O +occurred O +after O +bilateral O +cervical O +vagotomy O +or O +after O +atropine B-Chemical +, O +2 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +v O +. O + +aps B-category +Aequorin O +and O +intracellular O +calcium B-Chemical +movements O +in O +skeletal O +muscle O +fibres O +. 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O + +aps B-category +DBcAMP O +alone O +caused O +the O +usual O +decrease O +in O +K O +uptake O +but O +addition O +of O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +abolished O +it O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +5 O +) O +The O +inhibitory O +effect O +of O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +was O +reversed O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +high O +concentration O +of O +magnesium B-Chemical +( O +5 O +. O +25 O +mM O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +( O +7 O +) O +The O +inhibitory O +action O +of O +norepinephrine B-Chemical +and O +BCcAMP O +was O +reversed O +or O +abolished O +, O +respectively O +, O +by O +imidazole O +. O + +aps B-category +Also O +it O +appears O +that O +DBcAMP O +may O +be O +acting O +at O +the O +membrane O +and O +that O +the O +action O +of O +methylxanthines B-Chemical +and O +imidazole O +is O +not O +necessarily O +mediated O +only O +by O +a O +modification O +of O +phosphodiesterase O +activity O +. 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O +9 O +) O +from O +Drosophila O +melanogaster O +were O +separated O +and O +partially O +purified O +by O +pH O +fractionation O +, O +( O +NH4 O +) O +2SO4 O +fractionation O +and O +Sephadex O +G O +- O +75 O +gel O +filtration O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +monoaminergic O +granulated O +vesicles O +the O +mixture O +of O +zinc B-Chemical +iodide O +- O +osmium O +tetroxide O +( O +ZIO O +) O +stains O +two O +compartments O +: O +the O +core O +and O +the O +matrix O +, O +the O +latter O +being O +more O +intensively O +stained O +than O +the O +core O +. O + +aps B-category +Major O +toxicity O +was O +myelosuppression O +and O +also O +bleomycin B-Chemical +pneumonitis O +in O +5 O +of O +the O +90 O +evaluable O +patients O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +hundred O +eighty O +- O +nine O +patients O +received O +a O +four O +- O +drug O +combination O +consisting O +of O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +, O +Oncovin O +( O +vincristine B-Chemical +) O +, O +methyl O +CCNU B-Chemical +, O +and O +bleomycin B-Chemical +( O +COMB O +) O +, O +according O +to O +three O +different O +drug O +regimens O +, O +performed O +sequentially O +. O + +aps B-category +Toxicity O +included O +: O +1 O +) O +myelosuppression O +, O +resulting O +in O +hospitalization O +for O +antibiotics O +in O +20 O +% O +of O +patients O +; O +2 O +) O +probable O +bleomycin B-Chemical +lung O +damage O +in O +4 O +% O +of O +patients O +; O +and O +3 O +) O +dose O +- O +limiting O +vincristine B-Chemical +neuropathy O +in O +11 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +encouraging O +response O +rate O +suggests O +a O +future O +role O +for O +these O +drugs O +in O +combination O +, O +especially O +for O +vincristine B-Chemical +and O +bleomycin B-Chemical +, O +with O +other O +agents O +showing O +activity O +in O +squamous O +and O +oat O +cell O +carcinoma O +. O + +aps B-category +Location O +of O +the O +malignancy O +and O +previous O +x O +- O +ray O +treatment O +appear O +to O +be O +important O +determinants O +of O +responsiveness O +to O +methotrexate B-Chemical +, O +while O +degree O +of O +differentiation O +has O +not O +yet O +been O +shown O +to O +be O +an O +important O +factor O +for O +response O +to O +this O +drug O +. O + +aps B-category +Multiple O +parameters O +of O +both O +antibody O +- O +and O +cell O +- O +mediated O +immunity O +were O +followed O +serially O +to O +characterize O +the O +effects O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +on O +immunocompetence O +in O +humans O +. 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O + +aps B-category +When O +S O +- O +phase O +cells O +were O +exposed O +to O +5 O +- O +aza O +- O +C O +, O +the O +maximal O +cell O +kill O +produced O +by O +ara B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +C I-Chemical +also O +occurred O +5 O +to O +6 O +hr O +later O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +cells O +in O +G1 O +were O +exposed O +to O +5 O +- O +aza O +- O +C O +, O +the O +cytotoxicity O +produced O +by O +ara B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +C I-Chemical +on O +these O +cells O +when O +they O +entered O +S O +phase O +was O +additive O +with O +respect O +to O +the O +cytotoxicity O +produced O +by O +5 O +- O +aza O +- O +C O +exposure O +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +species O +- O +specific O +( O +gs O +- O +1 O +) O +and O +cross O +- O +reactive O +( O +gs O +- O +3 O +) O +determinants O +coexist O +on O +this O +protein O +, O +fractions O +containing O +the O +group O +- O +specific O +antigen O +were O +identified O +on O +the O +basis O +of O +the O +mammalian O +interspecies O +determinant O +( O +gs O +- O +3 O +) O +, O +using O +antiserum O +prepared O +against O +Tween B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ether I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +disrupted I-Chemical +feline O +leukemia O +virus O +. O + +aps B-category +Integration O +and O +the O +usual O +consequences O +of O +viral O +infection O +can O +be O +inhibited O +by O +ethidium O +bromide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +four O +cases O +, O +small O +rectal O +carcinoids O +from O +patients O +who O +did O +not O +have O +accompanying O +significant O +clinical O +signs O +or O +metabolic O +disturbances O +were O +found O +to O +give O +a O +definite O +argyrophil O +reaction O +by O +double O +or O +triple O +impregnation O +of O +Grimelius O +' O +silver B-Chemical +nitrate B-Chemical +stain O +, O +but O +not O +by O +other O +silver B-Chemical +methods O +for O +argyrophil O +or O +argentaffin O +granules O +, O +regardless O +of O +variations O +of O +cellular O +arrangement O +in O +ribbon O +- O +like O +, O +solid O +, O +and O +sclerosing O +patterns O +. O + +aps B-category +Quantitative O +electron O +microscopic O +autoradiography O +after O +administration O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +leucine B-Chemical +showed O +that O +TSH O +caused O +, O +concomitant O +with O +the O +disappearance O +of O +vesicles O +, O +a O +transfer O +of O +radioactivity O +from O +the O +apical O +region O +of O +the O +follicle O +cell O +to O +the O +periphery O +of O +the O +follicle O +lumen O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +5 O +min O +after O +administration O +of O +TSH O +there O +was O +an O +increase O +of O +protein O +- O +bound O +label O +in O +the O +supernatant O +fraction O +, O +containing O +the O +luminal B-Chemical +colloid O +, O +and O +a O +corresponding O +decrease O +of O +label O +in O +the O +particle O +fraction O +which O +contained O +most O +of O +the O +cell O +organelles O +, O +including O +the O +exocytotic O +vesicles O +. O + +aps B-category +Production O +of O +testicular O +androgen B-Chemical +binding O +protein O +( O +ABP O +) O +, O +ceases O +following O +hypophysectomy O +and O +can O +be O +stimulated O +by O +FSH O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +various O +fuel O +additives O +on O +the O +ability O +of O +platinum B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +palladium I-Chemical +catalytic O +converters O +to O +remove O +the O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +and O +hydrocarbon O +components O +of O +automotive O +exhaust O +has O +been O +examined O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +absorbed O +sulfur O +trioxide O +( O +sulfuric O +acid O +) O +is O +determined O +by O +an O +absorption O +titration O +by O +using O +barium B-Chemical +chloride I-Chemical +as O +the O +titrant O +and O +thorin O +as O +the O +indicator O +. O + +aps B-category +Catalytic O +converters O +are O +going O +to O +be O +used O +to O +meet O +the O +statutory O +requirements O +on O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +and O +hydrocarbon O +emissions O +from O +light O +duty O +motor O +vehicles O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +the O +present O +time O +, O +platinum B-Chemical +and O +palladium O +are O +not O +present O +in O +the O +public O +environment O +and O +represent O +potentially O +new O +environmental O +contaminants O +as O +a O +consequence O +of O +use O +of O +this O +new O +abatement O +control O +technology O +. O + +aps B-category +Interactions O +of O +platinum B-Chemical +metals O +and O +their O +complexes O +in O +biological O +systems O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +platinum B-Chemical +exhibits O +a O +remarkable O +resistance O +to O +oxidation O +and O +chemical O +attack O +, O +it O +reacts O +chemically O +under O +some O +conditions O +producing O +coordination O +complex O +compounds O +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +platinum B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +metal I-Chemical +complexes O +interact O +with O +biological O +systems O +as O +bacteriostatic O +, O +bacteriocidal O +, O +viricidal O +, O +and O +immunosuppressive O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +brief O +discussion O +of O +platinum B-Chemical +at O +manogram O +levels O +in O +biological O +tissue O +is O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Demonstration O +by O +the O +effects O +of O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +galactosamine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Immature O +female O +Sprague O +- O +Dawley O +rats O +were O +administered O +with O +0 O +. O +3 O +mc O +per O +rat O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +uridine I-Chemical +at O +a O +certain O +time O +interval O +after O +injection O +of O +HCG O +( O +10 O +iu O +/ O +rat O +) O +and O +the O +ovaries O +were O +subsequently O +isolated O +after O +15 O +, O +30 O +or O +60 O +minutes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +RNA O +solution O +ultimately O +obtained O +was O +analysed O +on O +a O +3 O +- O +20 O +% O +sucrose B-Chemical +gradient O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +ovary O +was O +pulse O +- O +labeled O +with O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +uridine I-Chemical +for O +15 O +minutes O +starting O +2 O +hours O +after O +injection O +of O +HCG O +, O +the O +RNA O +with O +a O +large O +S O +value O +was O +synthesized O +and O +the O +pattern O +of O +variation O +in O +radioactivity O +was O +that O +of O +rising O +near O +the O +bottom O +fraction O +and O +declining O +with O +access O +to O +the O +top O +fraction O +. O + +aps B-category +Glucose B-Chemical +tolerance O +tests O +were O +carried O +out O +on O +fifty O +patients O +with O +autoimmune O +thyroiditis O +of O +varying O +duration O +and O +severity O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +on O +the O +toxicity O +of O +lindane B-Chemical +on O +Colisa O +fasciatus O +( O +part O +I O +: O +TLm O +measurements O +and O +histopathological O +changes O +in O +certain O +tissues O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +further O +application O +of O +a O +high O +amount O +of O +antigen O +( O +2 O +times O +10 O +( O +9 O +) O +, O +or O +4 O +times O +10 O +( O +9 O +) O +lymphocytes O +) O +did O +not O +lead B-Chemical +to O +further O +increase O +in O +the O +titre O +; O +on O +the O +contrary O +- O +hyperimmunization O +resulted O +in O +a O +lower O +titre O +in O +the O +case O +of O +the O +rosette O +inhibition O +test O +, O +which O +is O +known O +to O +correlate O +best O +with O +the O +in O +vivo O +immunosuppressive O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +incorporation O +into O +normoblasts O +, O +proliferation O +rate O +of O +erythroid O +precursors O +and O +degree O +of O +intramarrow O +hemolysis O +have O +been O +studied O +in O +vitro O +on O +the O +bone O +marrow O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +chronic O +blood O +loss O +both O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +incorporation O +into O +dividing O +erythroid O +precursors O +at O +different O +stages O +of O +maturity O +and O +the O +rate O +of O +erythroid O +production O +are O +2 O +to O +3 O +times O +lower O +than O +normal O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +type O +of O +chronic O +iron B-Chemical +deficiency O +, O +which O +is O +not O +associated O +with O +blood O +loss O +, O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +testosterone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +estradiol I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +globulin O +in O +the O +enzymic O +oxidoreduction O +of O +17 O +- O +oxygenated O +c19 O +steroids B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +complete O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +sequence O +of O +Bence O +- O +Jones O +protein O +Len O +. O + +aps B-category +and O +these O +subgroups O +is O +in O +the O +same O +range O +as O +the O +average O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +exchange O +rate O +between O +these O +subgroups O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +of O +IgE O +and O +compound O +48 O +/ O +80 O +- O +induced O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +by O +lectins O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +in O +an O +IgE O +- O +mediated O +and O +a O +compound O +48 O +/ O +80 O +- O +mediated O +reaction O +was O +inhibited O +in O +cells O +which O +had O +been O +pretreated O +with O +these O +lectins O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +the O +lectin O +- O +induced O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +and O +the O +lectin O +- O +induced O +inhibition O +of O +subsequent O +IgE O +- O +mediated O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +could O +be O +dissociated O +: O +thus O +L O +- O +rhamnose O +, O +a O +hexose O +not O +ordinarily O +found O +on O +mammalian O +cell O +membranes O +, O +a O +specifically O +inhibited O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +which O +was O +caused O +by O +the O +lectin O +from O +R O +. O +communis O +without O +affecting O +the O +inhibition O +of O +IgE O +- O +mediated O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +the O +nominally O +galactose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +specific I-Chemical +lectins O +from O +Sophora O +japonica O +and O +Ulex O +europeus O +inhibited O +IgE O +- O +mediated O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +while O +causing O +little O +if O +any O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +themselves O +. O + +aps B-category +Based O +on O +the O +known O +structural O +specificity O +of O +these O +lectins O +and O +the O +amounts O +of O +the O +lectins O +which O +were O +required O +to O +demonstrate O +an O +effect O +, O +it O +was O +concluded O +that O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +galactose I-Chemical +, O +alpha O +- O +linked O +, O +intrachain O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +( O +or O +mannose O +) O +, O +and O +N O +- O +acetylglucosamine O +residues O +but O +probably O +not O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +galactosamine I-Chemical +or O +L O +- O +fucose O +residues O +in O +the O +glycolipids O +or O +glycoproteins O +of O +the O +mast O +cell O +membrane O +can O +play O +a O +role O +in O +the O +initiation O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +and O +in O +the O +desensitization O +of O +the O +cells O +to O +subsequent O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +- O +inducing O +stimuli O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +availability O +of O +glutathione B-Chemical +peroxidase O +and O +glutathione B-Chemical +reductase O +for O +H2O2 B-Chemical +disposal O +and O +hexose O +monophosphate O +shunt O +stimulation O +also O +are O +evaluated O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +is O +no O +effect O +on O +either O +glutathione B-Chemical +peroxidase O +or O +glutathione B-Chemical +reductase O +activities O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +nature O +of O +the O +protective O +substance O +in O +ribosomal O +ribonucleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +protein O +extracts O +of O +Salmonella O +has O +been O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +it O +was O +observed O +that O +a O +ribosomal O +ribonucleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +preparation O +from O +S O +. O +adelaide O +contains O +a O +heat O +- O +stable O +immunogen O +which O +is O +not O +an O +O O +antigen O +or O +that O +gives O +cross O +- O +protection O +across O +species O +lines O +. O + +aps B-category +Penicillin B-Chemical +hypersensitivity O +in O +systemic O +lupus O +erythematosus O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +we O +confirmed O +previous O +reports O +that O +the O +prevalence O +of O +histories O +of O +prior O +penicillin B-Chemical +reaction O +was O +significantly O +higher O +in O +SLE O +patients O +than O +among O +controls O +. O + +aps B-category +Upon O +action O +of O +anti O +- O +IgE O +antiserum O +on O +IgE O +- O +coated O +rat O +mast O +cells O +, O +the O +mast O +cells O +released O +up O +to O +47 O +. O +5 O +% O +of O +their O +total O +histamine B-Chemical +content O +in O +a O +fluorometric O +histamine B-Chemical +assay O +. O + +aps B-category +Specificity O +of O +antigens O +in O +aqueous O +phenol B-Chemical +extracts O +of O +skin O +examined O +by O +means O +of O +guinea O +pig O +and O +rabbit O +immune O +sera O +. O + +aps B-category +Binding O +of O +thyrotropin B-Chemical +and O +an O +exophthalmogenic O +factor O +derived O +from O +thyrotropin B-Chemical +to O +retro O +- O +orbital O +tissue O +plasma O +membranes O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +regard O +to O +the O +optimal O +conditions O +of O +binding O +, O +pH O +, O +buffer O +, O +salt B-Chemical +concentrations O +, O +and O +temperature O +, O +these O +properties O +are O +the O +same O +as O +those O +described O +in O +any O +accompanying O +report O +concerning O +thyrotropin B-Chemical +binding O +to O +bovine O +thyroid O +plasma O +membranes O +( O +Tate O +, O +R O +. O +L O +. O +, O +Schwartz O +, O +H O +. O +I O +. O +, O +Holmes O +, O +J O +. O +M O +. O +, O +Kohn O +, O +L O +. O +D O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Retro O +- O +orbital O +tissue O +membranes O +have O +been O +shown O +to O +have O +adenylate O +cyclase O +activity O +which O +can O +be O +stimulated O +by O +thyrotropin B-Chemical +and O +by O +an O +exophthalmogenic O +factor O +derived O +from O +the O +thyrotropin B-Chemical +molecule O +by O +partial O +pepsin O +digestion O +. O + +aps B-category +Calcium B-Chemical +salts O +are O +exquisitely O +inhibitory O +to O +the O +hormonal O +stimulation O +; O +sodium B-Chemical +, O +lithium B-Chemical +, O +and O +ammonium B-Chemical +salts O +are O +significantly O +less O +inhibitory O +. 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O + +aps B-category +[ O +Experience O +of O +clinical O +treatment O +of O +verrucosis O +with O +bleomycin B-Chemical +( O +author O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Method O +of O +determination O +of O +amylase O +/ O +creatinine B-Chemical +clearance O +for O +diagnosis O +of O +pancreatic O +diseases O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Detection O +of O +isoenzymes O +of O +aspartate B-Chemical +aminotransferase O +by O +chromatography O +and O +electrophoresis O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +method O +consisted O +of O +homogenization O +, O +velocity O +sedimentation O +in O +60 O +per O +cent O +sucrose B-Chemical +solution O +and O +two O +- O +phase O +polymer O +centrifugation O +using O +a O +polyethylene B-Chemical +glycol I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dextran I-Chemical +system O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Like O +propranolol B-Chemical +TDI O +reduces O +the O +CAMP O +( O +cyclic O +AMP O +) O +stimulation O +produced O +by O +cathecolamines O +. O + +aps B-category +Arrhythmias O +in O +dogs O +associated O +with O +epinephrine B-Chemical +and O +thiamylal O +anesthesia O +. O + +aps B-category +Enzyme O +release O +( O +neutral O +proteases O +) O +by O +phagocytosing O +cells O +is O +inhibited O +by O +the O +antiinflammatory O +agents O +phenylbutazone B-Chemical +and O +colchicine O +; O +these O +agents O +do O +not O +affect O +release O +of O +the O +collagenase O +precursor O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Synthesis O +of O +potential O +metabolites O +of O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +amino I-Chemical +N O +- O +beta O +- O +hydroxy O +- O +2 O +, O +5 O +- O +dimethoxyphenethyl O +) O +- O +acetamide O +( O +midodrine O +) O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +hypothesis O +is O +proposed O +that O +the O +aldehyde B-Chemical +fuchsin O +is O +more O +sensitive O +to O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +" O +carrier O +" O +protein O +in O +the O +cell O +, O +whereas O +alcian O +blue O +8 O +GX O +is O +more O +sensitive O +to O +the O +presence O +of O +the O +" O +active O +principle O +" O +in O +the O +cell O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Metabolism O +and O +in O +vitro O +binding O +of O +several O +organochlorine O +and O +organophosphate B-Chemical +pesticides O +to O +calf O +thymus O +DNA O +and O +rat O +liver O +microsomal O +proteins O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +the O +rats O +were O +treated O +by O +phenobarbital B-Chemical +or O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylcholanthrene I-Chemical +, O +the O +metabolite O +binding O +to O +DNA O +was O +increased O +two O +- O +fold O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Ramihyphin O +A O +, O +cyanein O +, O +scopathricin O +and O +zygosporin O +A O +stimulate O +the O +ramification O +of O +hyphae O +while O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluorouracil I-Chemical +and O +phenethyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +do O +not O +affect O +the O +myceliar O +morphology O +apart O +from O +their O +inhibitory O +effect O +on O +growth O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibition O +by O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluorouracil I-Chemical +is O +very O +conspicuous O +when O +the O +agent O +is O +present O +during O +the O +photoinduction O +but O +considerably O +weaker O +when O +it O +is O +applied O +2 O +h O +after O +the O +photoinduction O +. 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O + +aps B-category +After O +six O +months O +of O +hypotensive O +drug O +therapy O +, O +the O +patient O +' O +s O +mother O +reported O +that O +her O +daughter O +consumed O +for O +more O +than O +seven O +years O +high O +doses O +of O +special O +nasal O +drops O +containing O +, O +beside O +ephedrine B-Chemical +and O +naphazoline B-Chemical +, O +the O +potent O +mineralocorticoid O +9 O +- O +alpha O +- O +fluoroprednisolone O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +application O +of O +the O +mineralocorticoid O +was O +stopped O +, O +and O +only O +a O +slight O +low B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sodium I-Chemical +diet O +had O +to O +be O +added O +to O +restore O +the O +long O +- O +standing O +elevated O +blood O +pressure O +to O +normal O + +aps B-category +The O +decrease O +in O +serum O +uric B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +is O +due O +to O +augumented O +uricosuria O +. 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O +25 O +mg O +/ O +ml O +of O +Con O +A O +with O +normal O +skin O +caused O +a O +reduction O +in O +the O +binding O +of O +pemphigus O +sera O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +patients O +with O +bullous O +pemphigoid O +were O +treated O +with O +radio O +cobalt B-Chemical +or O +betatron O +irradiation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +response O +in O +serum O +thyrotrophin O +( O +TSH O +) O +to O +thyrotrophin O +releasing O +hormone O +( O +TRH O +) O +has O +been O +studied O +in O +5 O +euthyroid O +patients O +with O +familial O +thyroxine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +globulin O +( O +TBG O +) O +deficiency O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +with O +the O +Hellman O +- O +Hellerström O +silver B-Chemical +staining O +technique O +it O +could O +be O +shown O +that O +virtually O +all O +somatostatin O +cells O +are O +argyrophilic O +and O +vice O +versa O +. O + +aps B-category +Light O +microscopic O +histochemical O +methods O +for O +differential O +staining O +of O +adenohypophysis O +glandular O +cells O +were O +applied O +to O +Epon O +- O +embedded O +tissue O +, O +after O +prior O +softening O +of O +resin O +with O +saturated O +solution O +of O +NaOH B-Chemical +in O +absolute O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mucus O +elaborated O +by O +the O +mucous O +cells O +is O +rich O +in O +carboxyl O +and O +phosphate B-Chemical +containing O +MPS O +and O +in O +sialic O +acid O +containing O +glycoproteins O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +changes O +of O +intensity O +of O +PAS O +reaction O +in O +basement O +membranes O +of O +epithelial O +cells O +derived O +from O +3 O +different O +germ O +layers O +in O +rats O +after O +treatment O +with O +ACTH B-Chemical +and O +cortisone O +were O +observed O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +supposed O +that O +the O +protective O +effect O +of O +Gricertine O +on O +the O +allergic O +encephalomyelitis O +is O +based O +on O +its O +histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +liberator I-Chemical +properties O +which O +can O +occur O +during O +the O +first O +days O +of O +therapy O +: O +this O +would O +explain O +the O +large O +decrease O +of O +the O +brain O +histamine B-Chemical +after O +3 O +weeks O +of O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +substances O +( O +daunomycin O +, O +fluoruracil O +, O +actinomycin O +D O +, O +adriamycin B-Chemical +) O +exhibited O +activity O +both O +in O +vivo O +and O +in O +vitro O +, O +whereas O +five O +substances O +( O +cytosinarabinoside O +, O +methotrexate B-Chemical +, O +ibenzmethyzin O +, O +triaziquone O +, O +bleomycin B-Chemical +) O +showed O +no O +activity O +in O +any O +of O +the O +test O +systems O +used O +. O + +aps B-category +Metabolism O +of O +a O +prednisolone B-Chemical +compound O +in O +human O +under O +normal O +and O +pathological O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +administration O +of O +30 O +or O +90 O +mg O +Depersolone O +i O +. O +v O +. O +, O +the O +dynamic O +appearance O +of O +this O +hormone O +and O +the O +prednisolone B-Chemical +metabolite O +, O +their O +biological O +half O +- O +lives O +and O +the O +effect O +of O +the O +synthetic O +corticosteroid B-Chemical +on O +the O +excretion O +of O +grouped O +and O +individual O +17 O +- O +ketosteroids O +were O +determined O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +dynamic O +appearance O +of O +the O +hormone O +was O +found O +slow O +in O +the O +urine O +of O +patients O +with O +prolonged O +corticosteroid B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +more O +recent O +trial O +compares O +, O +in O +Stage O +IV O +patients O +, O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +, O +vincristine B-Chemical +and O +prednisone B-Chemical +( O +CVP O +) O +versus O +adriamycin B-Chemical +, O +bleomycin B-Chemical +and O +prednisone B-Chemical +( O +ABP O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Structural O +differences O +between O +crystalline O +mitochondrial O +and O +nuclear O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenases O +from O +ox O +liver O +have O +been O +detected O +by O +immunological O +techniques O +. O + +aps B-category +Fractionation O +of O +the O +antibodies O +contained O +in O +each O +antiserum O +by O +means O +of O +an O +immunoadsorbent O +, O +to O +which O +the O +nuclear O +or O +the O +mitochondrial O +enzyme O +has O +been O +covalently O +linked O +, O +shows O +that O +nuclear O +glutamate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +( O +GDH O +) O +contains O +specific O +antigenic O +determinants O +as O +well O +as O +determinants O +common O +to O +the O +mitochondrial O +enzyme O +, O +whereas O +the O +latter O +appears O +to O +have O +no O +antigenic O +portions O +which O +are O +not O +present O +in O +the O +nuclear O +antigen O +, O +in O +accord O +with O +the O +results O +of O +immunodiffusion O +. O + +aps B-category +Group O +3 O +interactions O +, O +shown O +by O +proteolipid O +apoprotein O +and O +gramicidin O +A O +, O +were O +primarily O +non O +- O +polar O +in O +character O +, O +not O +requiring O +electrostatic O +charges O +and O +not O +inhibited O +by O +salt B-Chemical +and O +pH O +changes O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +DNA O +synthesized O +in O +reactions O +in O +which O +the O +concentration O +of O +Mn2 O ++ O +or O +Mg2 O ++ O +was O +greater O +than O +optimal O +was O +predominantly O +4S O +or O +smaller O +in O +size O +and O +displayed O +a O +low O +level O +of O +hybridization O +( O +less O +than O +10 O +percent O +) O +to O +homologous O +viral O +RNA O +. O + +aps B-category +Cytochemical O +medium O +containing O +lead B-Chemical +nitrate B-Chemical +could O +not O +be O +used O +for O +determination O +of O +the O +true O +localization O +of O +the O +alkaline O +phosphatase O +in O +the O +microorganisms O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +to O +rats O +against O +the O +background O +of O +spontaneous O +urine O +excretion O +of O +pituitrine O +, O +vaso O +pressin O +and O +oxytocine O +caused O +a O +diuretic B-Chemical +and O +natriuretic O +effect O +on O +account O +of O +the O +reduction O +of O +the O +tubular O +reabsorption O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +diuretic B-Chemical +effect O +of O +the O +preparations O +was O +absent O +against O +the O +background O +of O +hypophysectomy O +, O +whereas O +the O +natridiuretic O +effect O +was O +retained O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +meaning O +and O +treatment O +of O +alcohol B-Chemical +dependence O +. O + +aps B-category +Acetylator O +capacity O +was O +determined O +in O +two O +groups O +of O +patients O +who O +had O +received O +procainamide B-Chemical +for O +more O +than O +three O +months O +. O + +aps B-category +Proteins O +synthesized O +in O +ganglion O +cells O +of O +the O +rabbit O +retina O +were O +labeled O +with O +[ O +3H O +] O +leucine B-Chemical +or O +[ O +14C O +] O +glycine B-Chemical +injected O +into O +the O +vitreous O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +precise O +effect O +is O +obtained O +with O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Intake O +of O +tritiated O +thymidine B-Chemical +by O +the O +embryos O +of O +Wistar O +pregnant O +rats O +treated O +by O +AY O +9944 O +is O +significantly O +lowered O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +hyperthermia O +on O +bleomycin B-Chemical +( O +BLEO O +) O +toxicity O +and O +repair O +was O +studied O +in O +" O +unfed O +" O +monolayer O +cultures O +of O +Chinese O +hamster O +cells O +. 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O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +, O +so O +far O +as O +possible O +widespread O +prophylactic O +use O +of O +these O +drugs O +to O +prevent O +sudden O +death O +is O +concerned O +, O +diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical +has O +no O +place O +, O +while O +procaine B-Chemical +amide O +cannot O +be O +evaluated O +on O +a O +large O +scale O +because O +of O +the O +frequency O +with O +which O +it O +causes O +serious O +adverse O +reactions O +. O + +aps B-category +Bound O +AFP O +was O +eluted O +with O +8 O +M O +urea B-Chemical +with O +better O +than O +50 O +% O +recovery O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Excessive O +peripheral O +conversion O +of O +thyroxine B-Chemical +( O +T4 O +) O +to O +triiodothyronine O +( O +T3 O +) O +in O +the O +pathogenesis O +of O +T3 O +- O +hyperthyroidism O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Development O +of O +seizures O +, O +but O +not O +of O +interictal O +phenomena O +, O +could O +be O +prevented O +by O +intravenous O +application O +of O +Diazepam B-Chemical +( O +1 O +mg O +) O +, O +Nembutal O +( O +30 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +and O +- O +- O +less O +effectively O +- O +- O +by O +Phenhydane O +( O +20 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +parenteral O +administration O +of O +subconvulsive O +levels O +of O +pentylenetetrazol B-Chemical +( O +Metrazol O +) O +photic O +stimulation O +induced O +an O +augmented O +rhythmic O +sequence O +of O +late O +neuron O +population O +burst O +- O +inhibition O +periods O +in O +the O +dorsal O +lateral O +geniculate O +nucleus O +( O +LGN O +) O +of O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +this O +method O +, O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +previous O +findings O +, O +it O +was O +possible O +to O +demonstrate O +bilateral O +auditory O +reception O +in O +89 O +% O +of O +the O +45 O +subjects O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +EEG O +modification O +during O +Jendrassik O +' O +s O +manoeuvre O +before O +and O +after O +prostigmine B-Chemical +in O +Parkinsonian O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +Abnormalities O +of O +REM O +sleep O +in O +narcoleptics O +and O +in O +acute O +alcohol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +psychotics I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Influence O +of O +thiopental B-Chemical +and O +diazepam B-Chemical +on O +EEG O +epileptic O +phenomena O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +microcomplement O +fixation O +assay O +was O +used O +to O +study O +changes O +in O +the O +antigenicity O +of O +chick O +oviduct O +chromatin O +following O +estrogen B-Chemical +withdrawal O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +estrogen B-Chemical +stimulation O +of O +the O +immature O +chick O +results O +in O +an O +irreversible O +alteration O +of O +the O +oviduct O +chromatin O +. O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +cycloheximde O +to O +adult O +rats O +resulted O +in O +the O +enhancement O +of O +uridine B-Chemical +kinase O +activity O +in O +the O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +contrary O +, O +administration O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +azacytidine I-Chemical +following O +cycloheximide B-Chemical +resulted O +in O +further O +enhancement O +of O +uridine B-Chemical +kinase O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mechanism O +of O +action O +of O +cycloheximide B-Chemical +is O +briefly O +mentioned O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +survival O +time O +of O +animals O +, O +inhibition O +of O +the O +incorporation O +of O +thymidine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +[ O +6 O +- O +3H O +] O +( O +3H O +- O +TdR O +) O +into O +DNA O +, O +and O +histopathological O +observation O +were O +made O +after O +the O +injection O +of O +Mitomycin O +- O +C O +, O +Bleomycin O +, O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +, O +Daunomycin O +, O +Actinomycin O +- O +D O +, O +or O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluorouracil I-Chemical +into O +mice O +transplanted O +with O +sarcoma O +- O +180 O +to O +their O +liver O +, O +kidney O +, O +and O +lung O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +case O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluorouracil I-Chemical +and O +Daunomycin O +, O +there O +were O +extreme O +variations O +in O +the O +survival O +time O +depending O +on O +the O +site O +of O +tumor O +growth O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cells O +of O +HLE O +and O +HLEC O +were O +epithelial O +- O +like O +and O +both O +of O +these O +cells O +demonstrated O +glycogen O +granules O +in O +the O +cytoplasm O +when O +stained O +with O +periodic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +Schiff O +reagent O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +paper O +deals O +with O +the O +behaviour O +of O +the O +oxygen B-Chemical +transport O +function O +as O +well O +as O +the O +2 O +. O +3 O +DPG O +and O +ATP O +levels O +of O +erythrocytes O +during O +the O +storage O +in O +an O +ACD O +- O +AG O +solution O +. O + +aps B-category +Concerning O +the O +ATP O +behaviour O +there O +was O +no O +significant O +difference O +between O +ACD O +- O +AG O +blood O +and O +that O +with O +additions O +of O +xylitol O +and O +pyruvate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Improvement O +of O +the O +oxygen B-Chemical +transport O +function O +of O +erythrocytes O +in O +sorbitol O +xylitol O +pyruvate B-Chemical +solutions O +with O +elevated O +Ph O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +this O +reason O +glucose B-Chemical +was O +replaced O +by O +sorbite O +in O +the O +storage O +solutions O +with O +a O +pH O +value O +of O +6 O +. O +0 O +and O +additions O +of O +xylitol O +and O +pyruvate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Up O +to O +the O +third O +week O +of O +storage O +the O +ATP O +content O +of O +erythrocytes O +as O +well O +as O +the O +haemoglobin O +level O +in O +the O +plasma O +revealed O +no O +essential O +differences O +between O +stored O +blood O +with O +sorbitol O +and O +xylitol O +as O +a O +substrate O +or O +glucose B-Chemical ++ O +xylitol O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Determination O +of O +urinary O +neurohormones O +allows O +a O +differential O +diagnosis O +, O +intermittent O +hyperthyreosis O +being O +characterized O +by O +three O +cardinal O +symptoms O +: O +1 O +. O +tachycardia O +- O +- O +every O +case O +with O +more O +than O +80 O +pulse O +beats O +being O +suspect O +( O +not O +specific O +) O +; O +2 O +. O +urinary O +histamine B-Chemical +- O +- O +every O +case O +excreting O +more O +than O +90 O +mug O +/ O +day O +being O +suspect O +. O + +aps B-category +Therapy O +should O +make O +use O +of O +lithium B-Chemical +carbonate I-Chemical +and O +beta O +- O +blockers O +. O + +aps B-category +Induction O +of O +allergic O +encephalomyelitis O +using O +hydrosoluble O +adjuvant O +and O +the O +tryptophan B-Chemical +region O +of O +myelin O +basic O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +Contact O +sensitivity O +in O +mice O +measured O +with O +thymidine B-Chemical +labeled O +lymphocytes O +. O + +aps B-category +Native O +dextran B-Chemical +B512 O +is O +a O +near O +- O +linear O +glucose B-Chemical +polymer O +with O +96 O +per O +cent O +alpha1 O +- O +- O +6 O +and O +4 O +per O +cent O +alpha1 O +- O +- O +3 O +linkages O +and O +a O +molecular O +weight O +( O +mol O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +alpha1 O +- O +- O +3 O +- O +linked O +epitope O +of O +dextran B-Chemical +B1355 O +. O + +aps B-category +B1355 O +is O +a O +potent O +immunogen O +in O +BALB O +/ O +c O +mice O +producing O +peak O +PFC O +levels O +which O +approach O +10 O +( O +6 O +) O +per O +spleen O +following O +an O +optimal O +dose O +of O +1 O +mg O +. O +By O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +alpha O +- O +1 O +- O +- O +3 O +- O +linked O +epitope O +of O +B1355 O +is O +feebly O +tolerogenic O +, O +for O +even O +10 O +mg O +still O +induces O +a O +strong O +initial O +response O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Sera O +from O +normal O +( O +C57BL O +/ O +6XC3H O +/ O +Anf O +) O +F1 O +( O +B6C3F1 O +) O +mice O +reacted O +with O +several O +biologically O +distinct O +murine O +leukemia O +virus O +( O +es O +) O +( O +MuLV O +) O +by O +radioimmune O +precipitation O +assays O +with O +the O +use O +of O +purified O +tritiated O +leucine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +labeled I-Chemical +virus O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +MuLV O +have O +common O +antigenic O +determinants O +recognized O +by O +natural O +antibody O +, O +and O +that O +the O +reactivities O +of O +natural O +antibody O +in O +an O +autogenous O +immune O +response O +are O +restrictive O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +immune O +antibody O +produced O +in O +a O +heterologous O +host O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +the O +rapid O +inhibition O +of O +bacterial O +cytidine O +deaminase O +by O +3 O +, O +4 O +, O +5 O +, O +6 O +- O +tetrahydrouridine O +, O +the O +onset O +of O +inhibition O +of O +the O +enzyme O +from O +human O +liver O +was O +found O +to O +be O +relatively O +slow O +. O + +aps B-category +Isolation O +of O +two O +forms O +of O +rat O +alpha O +- O +fetoprotein O +and O +comparison O +of O +their O +binding O +parameters O +with O +estradiol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +17beta I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +point O +to O +the O +existence O +of O +a O +molecular O +population O +of O +alpha1 O +- O +fetoprotein O +, O +some O +forms O +of O +which O +have O +a O +strong O +or O +very O +strong O +affinity O +, O +and O +some O +a O +negligible O +affinity O +, O +for O +estrogens B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Gramicidin O +induces O +a O +marked O +Na O ++ O +- O +dependent O +efflux O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +from O +Ehrlich O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Glycine O +efflux O +caused O +by O +HgCl2 O +is O +neither O +Na O ++ O +dependent O +nor O +inhibitable O +by O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +antibiotic O +appears O +to O +permit O +a O +reversal O +in O +the O +direction O +of O +of O +the O +operation O +of O +the O +Na O ++ O +- O +dependent O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +transport O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +clinical O +comparison O +of O +the O +tumour O +- O +imaging O +radiopharmaceuticals O +67Gallium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +citrate I-Chemical +and O +111Indium O +- O +labelled O +bleomycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +28 O +scanning O +examinations O +using O +the O +agents O +sequentially O +, O +67Gallium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +citrate I-Chemical +provided O +a O +more O +satisfactory O +tumour O +image O +and O +had O +closer O +clinical O +correlation O +with O +known O +sites O +of O +disease O +in O +14 O +cases O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +number O +of O +biopsy O +samples O +of O +spleen O +, O +liver O +and O +lymph O +nodes O +were O +obtained O +from O +patients O +undergoing O +staging O +laparotomies O +for O +lymphomas O +in O +whom O +small O +doses O +of O +67Gallium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +citrate I-Chemical +and O +111Indium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bleomycin I-Chemical +had O +been O +injected O +shortly O +before O +operation O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +67Gallium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +citrate I-Chemical +is O +a O +more O +useful O +tumour O +- O +imaging O +agent O +than O +111Indium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bleomycin I-Chemical +, O +at O +least O +for O +lesions O +situated O +above O +the O +diaphragm O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +pretreatment O +with O +local O +corticosteroids B-Chemical +on O +antibody O +- O +forming O +cells O +in O +the O +eye O +and O +draining O +lymph O +nodes O +. O + +aps B-category +Steroid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +treated I-Chemical +eyes O +were O +less O +inflammed O +than O +control O +eyes O +. O + +aps B-category +Axonal O +transport O +of O +labelled O +protein O +was O +studied O +in O +rat O +sciatic O +nerve O +by O +analyzing O +nerve O +segments O +at O +intervals O +after O +injection O +of O +L O +- O +[ O +3H O +] O +leucine B-Chemical +into O +the O +lumbar O +spinal O +cord O +. O + +aps B-category +Vitamins O +have O +specific O +effects O +on O +the O +activity O +of O +certain O +carcinogens O +, O +the O +fullest O +information O +being O +available O +for O +vitamin B-Chemical +A I-Chemical +, O +which O +has O +been O +shown O +to O +inhibit O +or O +enhance O +carcinogenesis O +, O +and O +vitamin B-Chemical +C I-Chemical +, O +which O +by O +reducing O +sodium B-Chemical +nitrite I-Chemical +, O +prevents O +nitrosation O +of O +secondary O +and O +tertiary O +amines B-Chemical +occurring O +in O +acidic O +conditions O +of O +the O +stomach O +. O + +aps B-category +Studies O +of O +dietary O +effects O +on O +chemical O +carcinogenesis O +in O +rats O +have O +demonstrated O +that O +colon O +tumor O +induction O +is O +enhanced O +by O +increased O +dietary O +fat O +intake O +or O +dietary O +deficiency O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +A I-Chemical +in O +some O +but O +not O +all O +cases O +. O + +aps B-category +Action O +of O +vincristine B-Chemical +on O +axonal O +flow O +and O +neurotubules O +in O +the O +paraventricular O +and O +supraoptic O +nuclei O +. O + +aps B-category +Identification O +of O +the O +vasopressin B-Chemical +producing O +and O +of O +the O +oxytocin B-Chemical +producing O +neurons O +in O +the O +hypothalamic O +magnocellular O +neurosecretroy O +system O +of O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +the O +vasopressin B-Chemical +neurons O +and O +the O +oxytocin B-Chemical +neurons O +are O +present O +in O +both O +the O +supraoptic O +and O +the O +paraventricular O +nuclei O +in O +about O +the O +same O +number O +. O + +aps B-category +35 O +- O +S O +- O +antithyroid O +drug O +concentration O +and O +organic O +binding O +of O +iodine B-Chemical +in O +the O +human O +thyroid O +. O + +aps B-category +Intrathyroidal O +inhibition O +or O +organic O +binding O +of O +iodine B-Chemical +by O +MMI O +, O +carbimazole B-Chemical +and O +PTU O +was O +measured O +after O +intravenous O +administration O +of O +131I O +, O +132I O +or O +125I O +- O +iodide O +. O + +aps B-category +35S O +- O +MMI O +was O +found O +in O +thyroid O +and O +plasma O +samples O +after O +administration O +of O +35S B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carbimazole I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +carbimazole B-Chemical +and O +MMI O +can O +be O +given O +once O +or O +twice O +daily O +in O +some O +patients O +but O +PTU O +would O +be O +less O +suitable O +for O +this O +dose O +schedule O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +low O +- O +molecular O +- O +weight O +protein O +, O +beta2 O +- O +mu O +, O +isolated O +from O +urine O +and O +other O +biological O +fluids O +was O +shown O +to O +have O +an O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +sequence O +related O +to O +constant O +regions O +of O +the O +immunoglobulin O +heavy O +chain O +- O +- O +to O +CH3 O +comain O +in O +particular O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +progressed O +to O +tracheal O +compression O +with O +stridor O +after O +he O +had O +taken O +some O +aspirin B-Chemical +for O +relief O +of O +the O +neck O +pain O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +simple O +ammoniacal O +silver B-Chemical +staining O +procedure O +, O +designated O +Ag O +- O +AS O +, O +differentially O +stains O +the O +chromosomal O +locations O +of O +ribosomal O +DNA O +in O +certain O +mammalian O +species O +. O + +aps B-category +Chinese O +hamster O +fibroblasts O +were O +synchronized O +and O +given O +5 O +- O +bromodeoxyuridine O +for O +DNA O +synthesis O +except O +during O +one O +hour O +of O +the O +S O +phase O +when O +thymidine B-Chemical +was O +present O +in O +the O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +Failure O +of O +the O +pale O +stained O +chromatids O +to O +restore O +Giemsa O +affinity O +with O +urea B-Chemical +and O +trypsin O +and O +the O +diminished O +Feulgen O +reaction O +after O +light O +exposure O +suggest O +that O +not O +masking O +proteins O +but O +photolysis O +of O +the O +BrdU O +- O +incorporation O +chromatid O +components O +in O +the O +present O +of O +photosensitive O +dyes O +play O +a O +role O +in O +the O +differential O +staining O +. O + +aps B-category +Role O +of O +biogenic O +amines B-Chemical +in O +the O +effects O +of O +marijuana O +on O +EEG O +patterns O +in O +cats O +. O + +aps B-category +Behavioral O +changes O +and O +alterations O +in O +the O +spontaneous O +EEG O +indicated O +that O +pretreatment O +with O +drugs O +affecting O +brain O +levels O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +was O +most O +effective O +in O +altering O +the O +dual O +properties O +of O +acute O +marijuana O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +epileptic O +focus O +established O +by O +local O +application O +of O +1 O +% O +picrotoxin B-Chemical +on O +the O +exposed O +motor O +cortex O +increased O +the O +frequency O +of O +reaching O +with O +the O +ipsilateral O +paw O +and O +impaired O +reaching O +with O +the O +contralateral O +paw O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +estrogen B-Chemical +plasma O +binding O +on O +sexual O +differentiation O +of O +the O +rat O +fetus O +. O + +aps B-category +R O +2858 O +interferes O +more O +markedly O +than O +estradiol B-Chemical +with O +the O +sexual O +differentiation O +of O +the O +male O +rat O +fetus O +following O +treatment O +of O +the O +mother O +during O +the O +final O +stages O +of O +gestation O +. O + +aps B-category +Free O +aldehyde B-Chemical +groups O +were O +absent O +. O + +aps B-category +Well O +known O +histochemical O +methods O +, O +including O +those O +for O +choline B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +containing I-Chemical +phospholipids O +were O +employed O +. O + +aps B-category +Presentation O +of O +the O +commomly O +used O +procedures O +for O +the O +extraction O +and O +separation O +of O +total O +lipids O +, O +glycolipids O +and O +phosholipids O +from O +fresh O +and O +formalin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fixed I-Chemical +organs O +tissues O +( O +brain O +, O +liver O +, O +spleen O +, O +kidney O +) O +as O +well O +as O +from O +serum O +, O +CSF O +and O +urine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +late O +replication O +pattern O +of O +the O +short O +arms O +of O +the O +X O +chromosomes O +of O +Microtus O +agrestis O +was O +studied O +in O +female O +cells O +and O +in O +cells O +with O +2 O +X O +chromosomes O +of O +male O +origin O +by O +means O +of O +the O +BUdR O +- O +Giemsa O +technique O +and O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +labelling O +. O + +aps B-category +Preparation O +and O +immunochemical O +characterization O +of O +a O +water O +- O +soluble O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +receptor O +fraction O +from O +the O +electric O +organ O +tissue O +of O +the O +electric O +eel O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +thymus O +- O +independent O +immunogen O +, O +trinitrophenylated O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +( O +TNP O +- O +LPS O +) O +has O +been O +studied O +in O +vivo O +and O +in O +vitro O +in O +C3H O +/ O +He O +and O +C3H O +/ O +HeJ O +strains O +of O +mice O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +the O +quality O +of O +the O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +on O +mouse O +virulence O +of O +Salmonella O +enteritidis O +. O + +aps B-category +Immunologically O +specific O +production O +of O +interferon B-Chemical +in O +cultures O +of O +rabbit O +blood O +lymphocytes O +: O +association O +with O +in O +vitro O +tests O +for O +cell O +- O +mediated O +immunity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +incorporation O +of O +lymphoma O +cells O +growing O +in O +suspension O +, O +and O +the O +radioactive O +- O +chromium O +release O +of O +freshly O +sampled O +lymphoma O +cells O +regularly O +added O +to O +the O +culture O +, O +have O +been O +compared O +to O +determine O +the O +part O +played O +by O +immune O +lymphoid O +cells O +in O +cytolysis O +and O +cytostasis O +of O +the O +tumor O +- O +cell O +population O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +endogenous O +concentrations O +of O +certain O +androgens B-Chemical +and O +estrogens B-Chemical +have O +been O +quantified O +in O +the O +plasma O +and O +prostatic O +tissue O +from O +normal O +dogs O +and O +dogs O +with O +benign O +prostatic O +hypertrophy O +( O +BPH O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +concentration O +of O +testosterone B-Chemical +in O +the O +tissue O +and O +plasma O +of O +both O +normal O +dogs O +and O +dogs O +exceeded O +the O +concentration O +of O +either O +estrogen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +comparison O +of O +normal O +dogs O +and O +dogs O +with O +BPH O +revealed O +that O +in O +both O +the O +plasma O +and O +prostatic O +tissue O +the O +concentrations O +of O +estradiol B-Chemical +and O +estrone O +were O +significantly O +elevated O +( O +P O +less O +tha O +0 O +. O +05 O +) O +in O +the O +BPH O +dogs O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +synaptic O +densities O +in O +rat O +CNS O +were O +demonstrated O +using O +an O +alcohol B-Chemical +solution O +of O +uranyl O +acetate O +at O +pH O +5 O +. O +0 O +- O +6 O +. O +0 O +of O +unosmicated O +material O +. O + +aps B-category +Staining O +by O +Alcian O +blue O +in O +3 O +% O +acetic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +, O +Alcian O +blue O +in O +various O +MgCl2 O +concentration O +and O +toluidine O +blue O +( O +pH O +4 O +. O +5 O +) O +was O +employed O +. O + +aps B-category +Flow O +through O +microfluorometry O +of O +phenantridium O +and O +fluoresceinisothiocyanate O +stained O +HeLa O +cells O +showed O +the O +absence O +of O +extranuclear O +RNA O +related O +fluorescence O +after O +prolonged O +hydrolysis O +of O +cells O +in O +ethanolic O +barium B-Chemical +hydroxide O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +aminoglycoside B-Chemical +phosphotransferase O +of O +Pseudomonas O +aeruginosa O +21 O +- O +75 O +was O +purified O +by O +affinity O +chromatography O +using O +dibekacin O +- O +Sephadex O +4B O +or O +lividomycin O +A O +- O +Sepharose O +4B O +followed O +by O +DEAE O +Sephadex O +A O +- O +50 O +chromatography O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +enzyme O +was O +designated O +aminoglycoside B-Chemical +3 O +' O +- O +phosphotransferase O +III O +. O + +aps B-category +Survival O +of O +the O +ascospores O +remained O +high O +during O +treatment O +with O +2 O +- O +methoxy O +- O +6 O +- O +chloro O +- O +9 O +- O +( O +3 O +- O +[ O +ethyl O +- O +2 O +- O +hydroxyethyl O +] O +aminopropylamino O +) O +acridine O +- O +2HC1 O +( O +ICR O +- O +170 O +- O +OH O +) O +or O +2 O +, O +7 O +- O +diamino O +- O +10 O +- O +ethyl O +- O +9 O +- O +phenyl O +- O +phenanthridinium O +bromide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +determinant O +( O +s O +) O +of O +residues O +90 O +to O +170 O +involved O +the O +region O +around O +the O +tryptophan B-Chemical +at O +position O +116 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +granules O +exhibited O +a O +marked O +affinity O +for O +ruthenium B-Chemical +red O +and O +were O +interconnected O +via O +their O +filamentous O +projections O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +results O +suggest O +that O +the O +matrix O +granules O +contain O +some O +hyaluronic O +acid O +and O +one O +or O +more O +isomers O +of O +chondroitin B-Chemical +sulfate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Ruthenium B-Chemical +red I-Chemical +also O +exhibited O +an O +affinity O +for O +the O +surface O +coat O +of O +the O +smooth O +muscle O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +cloned O +hybrid O +cells O +( O +A O +/ O +Bm O +- O +5 O +) O +were O +grown O +to O +confluence O +and O +fixed O +in O +glutaraldehyde B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +calcium I-Chemical +, O +electron O +- O +opaque O +deposits O +were O +observed O +on O +the O +cytoplasmic O +faces O +of O +plasma O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +Deposits O +were O +present O +with O +or O +without O +heavy O +metal O +staining O +but O +did O +not O +appear O +when O +calcium B-Chemical +was O +omitted O +from O +the O +fixative O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +the O +chromatograms O +have O +been O +sprayed O +with O +a O +permanganate O +- O +sulphuric O +acid O +oxidative O +reagent O +and O +the O +reaction O +has O +been O +terminated O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +hydrogen B-Chemical +sulphite O +, O +the O +plates O +are O +sprayed O +with O +the O +colour O +- O +developing O +reagent O +( O +an O +acid O +solution O +of O +alcian O +blue O +or O +toluidine O +blue O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +two O +- O +dimensional O +characterization O +of O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +actinomycin O +hydrolysates O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +classification O +of O +existing O +actinomycins O +and O +the O +identification O +of O +new O +actinomycins O +are O +dependent O +on O +the O +characterization O +and O +quantitation O +of O +the O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +present O +in O +the O +peptide O +chains O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +separated O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +were O +identified O +by O +two O +parameters O +, O +the O +chromatographic O +Rf O +value O +and O +the O +electrophoretic O +mobility O +calculated O +relative O +to O +some O +standard O +migrating O +compound O +. O + +aps B-category +Protein O +- O +bound O +iodine B-Chemical +of O +plasma O +for O +all O +cows O +were O +within O +the O +normal O +range O +. O + +aps B-category +Histochemical O +localization O +of O +glutathione B-Chemical +in O +tissues O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reliability O +and O +specificity O +of O +the O +method O +has O +been O +investigated O +by O +comparing O +the O +rates O +of O +reaction O +in O +tissue O +and O +gelatin O +sections O +and O +after O +depletion O +of O +GSH O +in O +liver O +by O +diethyl O +maleate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +liberation O +of O +purine B-Chemical +bases O +was O +analyzed O +by O +ultraviolet O +absorbance O +measurements O +and O +by O +gel O +chromatography O +of O +the O +neutralized O +hydrolysing O +acid O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +depolymerization O +process O +was O +followed O +by O +phosphorus B-Chemical +determinations O +. O + +aps B-category +Conversion O +of O +the O +generated O +aldehyde B-Chemical +groups O +to O +APA O +- O +Schiff O +chromophore O +is O +shown O +to O +take O +place O +with O +the O +same O +stoichiometry O +for O +both O +types O +of O +nuclei O +as O +well O +as O +for O +DNA O +in O +model O +films O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Vertical O +transmission O +of O +hepatitis B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +B I-Chemical +surface I-Chemical +antigen I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +HLA O +- O +b8 O +and O +serum B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cholesterol I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Stability O +of O +serum O +oleate O +and O +linoleate O +levels O +after O +oral O +administration O +of O +oleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +small O +doses O +of O +insulin O +led O +to O +a O +poor O +retention O +of O +potassium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +caused O +less O +nausea O +and O +vomiting O +than O +that O +usually O +associated O +with O +nitrogen B-Chemical +mustard O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +programme O +- O +treated O +patients O +, O +standard O +medication O +was O +used O +; O +diuretics O +effectively O +lowered O +blood O +- O +pressure O +in O +a O +third O +of O +patients O +, O +and O +diuretics O +plus O +reserpine B-Chemical +were O +effective O +for O +another O +20 O +% O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +those O +subjects O +developing O +hypothyroidism O +also O +had O +initially O +an O +exaggerated O +response O +to O +thyrotropin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +releasing I-Chemical +hormone O +( O +T O +. O +R O +. O +H O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +Changing O +patterns O +of O +bacterial O +resistance O +in O +relation O +to O +prophylactic O +use O +of O +cephaloridine O +and O +therapeutic O +use O +of O +ampicillin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Congenital O +anomalies O +and O +clomiphene B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +On O +the O +absorption O +of O +decongestive O +nose O +- O +drops O +- O +investigation O +with O +a O +radioactive O +labelled O +imidazoline B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +derivate I-Chemical +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +reverse O +transcription O +of O +pre O +- O +mRNA O +isolated O +from O +rat O +liver O +or O +mouse O +Ehrlich O +ascites O +carcinoma O +cells O +with O +the O +aid O +of O +hot O +phenol B-Chemical +fractionation O +technique O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +Histamine B-Chemical +( O +first O +of O +two O +parts O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Immunological O +cross O +reactivity O +between O +testicular O +androgen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +protein O +and O +serum O +testosterone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +globulin O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Plasma O +kallikrein O +was O +assayed O +by O +means O +of O +its O +esterase O +activity O +on O +a O +synthetic O +arginine O +ester O +substrate O +, O +N B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alpha I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tosyl I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +L I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +arginine I-Chemical +methyl O +ester O +( O +TAMe O +) O +, O +after O +activation O +of O +Hageman O +factor O +by O +kaolin O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +corticosteroid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +remission O +occurred O +, O +mean O +values O +were O +: O +plasma O +prekallikrein O +, O +118 O +. O +6 O ++ O +/ O +- O +3 O +. O +2 O +mumol O +/ O +ml O +/ O +hr O +; O +and O +kallikrein O +inhitor O +, O +0 O +. O +78 O ++ O +/ O +- O +0 O +. O +03 O +mumol O +/ O +ml O +/ O +hr O +. O + +aps B-category +Serum O +alpha O +- O +2 O +macroglobulin O +was O +elevated O +in O +nephrotic O +patients O +: O +mean O +value O +during O +relapse O +, O +862 O ++ O +/ O +- O +29 O +mg O +/ O +100 O +ml O +; O +during O +corticosteroid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +maintaining I-Chemical +remission O +, O +615 O ++ O +/ O +- O +29 O +mg O +/ O +100 O +ml O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +In O +vitro O +comparative O +study O +of O +penicillin B-Chemical +G I-Chemical +and O +amoxicillin B-Chemical +in O +patients O +allergic O +to O +penicillin B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +with O +the O +products O +of O +other O +genes O +in O +the O +complex O +, O +no O +homologue O +of O +the O +Ss O +protein O +has O +been O +found O +in O +other O +species O +, O +except O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Purified O +antibody O +to O +poly O +( O +adenylic O +acid O +) O +- O +poly O +( O +uridylic O +acid O +) O +was O +used O +in O +quantitative O +microcomplement O +fixation O +assays O +to O +detect O +conformational O +variations O +among O +several O +double O +- O +helical O +polyribonucleotide O +analogs O +of O +poly O +( O +adenylic O +acid O +) O +- O +poly O +( O +uridylic O +acid O +) O +or O +poly O +( O +inosinic O +acid O +) O +- O +poly O +( O +cytidylic O +acid O +) O +that O +had O +been O +previously O +evaluated O +for O +their O +ability O +to O +induce O +interferon B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Guinea O +pigs O +were O +immunized O +with O +liposomal O +model O +membranes O +containing O +phosphatidylethanolamine O +( O +PE O +) O +or O +glycerophosphorylethanolamine O +( O +GPE O +) O +derivatives O +in O +which O +the O +amino B-Chemical +function O +was O +substituted O +with O +either O +dinitrophenylaminocaproyl O +( O +Dnp O +- O +Cap O +) O +or O +mono O +( O +p O +- O +azobenzenearsonic O +acid O +) O +tyrosyl O +( O +ABA O +- O +Tyr O +) O +residues O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +leukocyte O +interferon B-Chemical +contained O +also O +a O +minor O +component O +with O +antigenic O +determinants O +characteristic O +of O +fibroblast O +specificity O +, O +which O +could O +be O +isolated O +by O +affinity O +chromatography O +on O +Sepharose O +- O +bound O +antibodies O +directed O +against O +firboblast O +interferon B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +model O +is O +proposed O +where O +molecules O +of O +human O +interferon B-Chemical +contain O +multiple O +reactive O +sites O +each O +of O +which O +is O +capable O +of O +interaction O +with O +cells O +of O +a O +different O +species O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +released O +virus O +- O +like O +particles O +were O +characterized O +by O +( O +a O +) O +their O +ability O +to O +band O +in O +sucrose B-Chemical +gradients O +at O +a O +density O +of O +1 O +. O +16 O +- O +1 O +. O +18 O +g O +/ O +ml O +; O +( O +b O +) O +the O +presence O +of O +an O +RNA O +- O +directed O +DNA O +polymerase O +activity O +resembling O +that O +of O +the O +oncornaviruses O +; O +and O +( O +c O +) O +isolation O +of O +cores O +that O +band O +at O +a O +density O +of O +1 O +. O +26 O +- O +1 O +. O +27 O +g O +/ O +ml O +in O +sucrose B-Chemical +gradients O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +specific O +granules O +are O +argentafugic O +when O +ultrathin O +sections O +of O +Araldite O +- O +embedded O +atria O +are O +stained O +according O +to O +the O +periodic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thiocarbohydrazide I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +silver I-Chemical +proteinate O +technique O +of O +Thiery O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +ultrathin O +sections O +of O +GMA O +- O +embedded O +atria O +stained O +with O +dialyzed O +colloidal O +iron B-Chemical +( O +DI O +) O +, O +the O +cell O +coat O +of O +the O +cardiocytes O +is O +positive O +, O +unlike O +all O +the O +other O +cytoplasmic O +organelles O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +direct O +spectrometric O +method O +for O +determination O +of O +the O +concentration O +of O +available O +bilirubin B-Chemical +binding O +sites O +in O +serum O +using O +bromphenol O +blue O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +binding O +properties O +of O +bilirubin B-Chemical +, O +BPB O +, O +and O +some O +related O +dyes O +are O +spectrometrically O +investigated O +, O +and O +differences O +between O +the O +properties O +of O +human O +and O +bovine O +albumin O +and O +between O +such O +albumin O +preparations O +and O +human O +serum O +are O +shown O +and O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Papanicolaou O +and O +/ O +or O +haematoxylin O +and O +eosin B-Chemical +stains O +were O +used O +in O +97 O +% O +of O +the O +laboratories O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +deep O +vein O +thrombosis O +the O +heparin B-Chemical +neutralizing O +activity O +was O +also O +clearly O +increased O +; O +the O +other O +tests O +were O +generally O +in O +the O +same O +direction O +but O +many O +were O +not O +significant O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +elimination O +of O +the O +lymphocytes O +proliferating O +in O +response O +to O +a O +particular O +allogeneic O +lymphocyte O +donor O +by O +a O +" O +hot O +" O +pulse O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +of O +high O +specific O +activity O +, O +the O +viable O +lymphocytes O +remaining O +in O +culture O +were O +still O +capable O +of O +responding O +to O +stimulation O +by O +epidermal O +cells O +from O +the O +same O +donor O +. O + +aps B-category +Steroid B-Chemical +receptors O +in O +the O +human O +prostate O +. O + +aps B-category +Agar O +gel O +electrophoresis O +and O +ultracentrifugation O +on O +continuous O +sucrose B-Chemical +gradients O +revealed O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +4S O +estradiol B-Chemical +' O +receptor O +' O +in O +cytosols O +of O +samples O +of O +human O +benign O +hyperplastic O +prostate O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +data O +, O +obtained O +with O +human O +serum O +, O +purified O +human O +albumin O +and O +albumin O +- O +enriched O +cytosol O +strongly O +suggest O +that O +agar O +gel O +electrophoresis O +, O +when O +used O +alone O +, O +may O +lack O +specificity O +for O +the O +quantification O +of O +estrogen B-Chemical +' O +receptors O +' O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Diagnosis O +of O +liver O +metastases O +with O +a O +combination O +of O +57Co B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bleomycin I-Chemical +and O +99mTc O +- O +sulfur O +colloid O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +solution O +made O +of O +250 O +ml O +of O +6 O +per O +cent O +HES O +, O +250 O +ml O +of O +distilled O +water O +, O +and O +15 O +g O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +citrate I-Chemical +in O +30 O +ml O +distilled O +water O +provided O +a O +satisfactory O +anticoagulant O +solution O +for O +this O +purpose O +. O + +aps B-category +Nylon O +filtration O +alters O +the O +morphology O +of O +human O +granulocytes O +and O +slightly O +reduces O +their O +phagocytic O +ability O +as O +measured O +by O +activation O +of O +the O +hexose O +monophosphate O +shunt O +( O +HMS O +) O +pathway O +of O +glucose B-Chemical +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +of O +236 O +phereses O +of O +normal O +donors O +are O +reported O +, O +with O +particular O +attention O +to O +an O +evaluation O +of O +five O +different O +anticoagulant O +mixtures O +: O +ACD O +, O +2 O +per O +cent O +citrate B-Chemical +in O +saline O +, O +and O +three O +different O +combinations O +of O +citrate B-Chemical +and O +hydroxyethyl O +starch O +( O +HES O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Because O +of O +its O +higher O +citrate B-Chemical +content O +, O +ACD O +caused O +three O +times O +as O +many O +donor O +reactions O +as O +the O +other O +solutions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +provide O +a O +basis O +for O +estimating O +the O +effectiveness O +of O +the O +SPRIA O +technique O +for O +HBsAg B-Chemical +testing O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +fraction O +of O +giant O +synaptosomes O +from O +the O +r O +. O +inferior O +of O +the O +rabbit O +hippocampus O +was O +studied O +using O +impregnation O +with O +zinc B-Chemical +iodide O +- O +osmium O +tetroxide O +( O +XIO O +) O +reagent O +and O +electron O +microscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +temperature O +, O +pH O +, O +and O +concentration O +of O +potassium B-Chemical +periodate O +solution O +on O +the O +intensity O +of O +fluorescence O +PAS O +- O +reaction O +was O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +exposure O +of O +sexually O +immature O +chickens O +to O +lindan O +in O +doses O +of O +2 O +. O +5 O +to O +25 O +. O +0 O +mg O +kg O +- O +1 O +of O +feeds O +, O +the O +effect O +of O +the O +insecticide O +on O +the O +biological O +activity O +of O +estradiol B-Chemical +was O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +Proofs O +were O +obtained O +for O +the O +fact O +that O +the O +application O +of O +lindan O +in O +the O +quantity O +of O +the O +mentioned O +doses O +for O +14 O +days O +caused O +a O +statistically O +conclusive O +depression O +of O +the O +biological O +effectiveness O +of O +estrogens B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Changes O +in O +the O +biological O +activity O +of O +androgens B-Chemical +after O +the O +exposure O +of O +cockerels O +to O +lindane B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Testosterone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propionate I-Chemical +and O +Stenolon O +were O +used O +as O +reference O +hormones O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +causes O +leading O +to O +different O +manifestations O +of O +the O +interactions O +of O +lindane B-Chemical +with O +the O +two O +hormones O +tested O +are O +analyzed O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Proceedings O +: O +Identification O +of O +reversible O +- O +asynergic O +myocardial O +regions O +by O +means O +of O +postextrasystolic O +potentiation O +( O +PESP O +) O +and O +application O +of O +nitrate B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Considerable O +reduction O +in O +the O +staining O +intensity O +of O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +were O +noticed O +4 O +h O +after O +the O +bilateral O +ablation O +of O +eyestalks O +, O +neutral O +lipid O +undergo O +depletion O +24 O +h O +after O +the O +operation O +whereas O +phospholipid O +reserves O +increase O +48 O +h O +after O +the O +eyestalk O +removal O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +assumed O +materials O +are O +RNA O +, O +proteins O +, O +lipids O +, O +amines B-Chemical +etc O +, O +and O +the O +primary O +carrier O +of O +the O +information O +is O +DNA O +. O + +aps B-category +Differences O +of O +the O +cells O +' O +net O +potential O +cause O +differential O +adhesion O +of O +lymphoid O +cells O +to O +glass O +or O +other O +materials O +, O +and O +lead B-Chemical +to O +varying O +migration O +speeds O +in O +the O +electric O +field O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +HES O +and O +HES O ++ O +DMSO B-Chemical +used O +as O +cryoprotective O +media O +for O +storage O +of O +human O +platelets O +in O +liquid O +nitrogen B-Chemical +and O +vapor O +phase O +of O +liquid O +nitrogen B-Chemical +were O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +use O +of O +15 O +% O +HES O ++ O +10 O +% O +DMSO B-Chemical +gave O +similar O +results O +as O +the O +use O +of O +10 O +% O +DMSO B-Chemical +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +New O +selective O +silver B-Chemical +impregnation O +methods O +for O +the O +study O +of O +degenerating O +nerve O +fibers O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +tested O +during O +corticotrophin O +treatment O +tend O +to O +show O +a O +higher O +degree O +of O +reactivity O +in O +the O +test O +than O +expected O +- O +the O +increased O +reactivity O +seems O +to O +be O +primarily O +directed O +to O +the O +tryptophan B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +containing I-Chemical +region O +. O + +aps B-category +Twenty O +- O +four O +patients O +with O +ventricular O +arrhythmias O +were O +treated O +with O +oral O +mexiletine B-Chemical +for O +periods O +of O +from O +one O +to O +16 O +months O +( O +total O +10 O +. O +4 O +patient O +- O +years O +) O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +[ O +Influence O +of O +Na O +and O +K O +on O +inhibition O +of O +( O +Na O ++ O +K O +) O +- O +ATPase O +of O +guinea O +pig O +heart O +by O +digoxin B-Chemical +or O +calcium B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +Relationship O +between O +hepatic O +cells O +magnesium B-Chemical +, O +potassium B-Chemical +, O +ATP O +content O +and O +membrane O +potentials O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +lindane B-Chemical +( O +gamma O +- O +1 O +, O +2 O +, O +3 O +, O +4 O +, O +5 O +, O +6 O +- O +hexachlorocyclohexane O +) O +treated O +soils O +were O +studied O +under O +laboratory O +conditions O +to O +determine O +the O +interaction O +between O +lindane B-Chemical +and O +the O +soil O +microorganisms O +. 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O + +aps B-category +A O +new O +determinant O +of O +hepatitis B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +surface I-Chemical +antigen I-Chemical +( O +HBs B-Chemical +Ag I-Chemical +) O +, O +g O +, O +which O +is O +distinct O +from O +the O +previously O +identified O +determinants O +a O +, O +d O +, O +y O +, O +w O +, O +and O +r O +, O +was O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +high O +titers O +of O +IgG O +antibody O +were O +not O +associated O +with O +a O +diminution O +in O +the O +frequency O +of O +shock O +and O +death O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effects O +of O +intra O +- O +arterial O +bleomycin B-Chemical +therapy O +on O +squamous O +cell O +carcinoma O +of O +the O +oral O +cavity O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +one O +case O +a O +bleomycin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +lesion O +of O +the O +lung O +was O +the O +cause O +of O +death O +, O +in O +4 O +cases O +a O +bronchopneumonia O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +mitotic O +inhibitor O +colchicine O +( O +COL O +) O +and O +its O +isomer O +lumi O +- O +colchicine O +( O +lumi O +- O +COL O +) O +were O +tested O +on O +the O +axonal O +transport O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +( O +ACh O +) O +, O +cholineacetyltransferase O +( O +CAT O +) O +and O +ACh O +- O +esterase O +( O +AChE O +) O +in O +rat O +motor O +nerves O +in O +vivo O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +distribution O +, O +elimination O +, O +and O +anticoagulant O +effect O +of O +dicumarol O +and O +warfarin B-Chemical +were O +determined O +in O +adult O +males O +rats O +following O +intravenous O +injection O +of O +single O +doses O +of O +these O +drugs O +in O +crossover O +experiments O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +a O +statistically O +significant O +correlation O +between O +the O +following O +pharmacokinetic O +characteristics O +of O +dicumarol O +and O +warfarin B-Chemical +in O +individual O +animals O +: O +biological O +half O +- O +life O +, O +apparent O +volume O +of O +distribution O +, O +total O +plasma O +clearance O +, O +and O +concentration O +in O +plasma O +eliciting O +one O +- O +half O +the O +maximum O +anticoagulant O +effect O +( O +effective O +concentration O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +ratio O +of O +the O +effective O +plasma O +concentrations O +( O +dicumarol O +/ O +warfarin B-Chemical +) O +was O +correlated O +negatively O +with O +the O +half O +- O +life O +of O +dicumarol O +and O +positively O +with O +the O +ratio O +of O +the O +half O +- O +life O +values O +( O +warfarin B-Chemical +/ O +dicumarol O +) O +in O +individual O +animals O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +of O +this O +study O +, O +together O +with O +the O +results O +of O +previous O +studies O +in O +this O +series O +, O +indicate O +that O +serum O +protein O +binding O +is O +the O +major O +determinant O +of O +interindividual O +differences O +in O +the O +pharmacokinetics O +of O +dicumarol O +and O +warfarin B-Chemical +in O +rats O +under O +these O +experimental O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +study O +was O +undertaken O +to O +investigate O +the O +influence O +of O +fasting O +( O +24 O +hours O +) O +, O +epinephrine B-Chemical +( O +four O +0 O +. O +25 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +s O +. O +c O +. O +doses O +at O +hourly O +intervals O +) O +, O +adrenocorticotropin O +( O +two O +40 O +I O +. O +U O +. O + +aps B-category +Fasting O +produced O +a O +significant O +enhancement O +of O +the O +antiprothrombin O +response O +to O +warfarin B-Chemical +( O +0 O +. O +5 O +mg O +/ O +kg O +i O +. O +v O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +fasting O +did O +not O +affect O +the O +response O +of O +anticoagulated O +animals O +to O +vitamin B-Chemical +K I-Chemical +. O +Plasma O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +were O +significantly O +increased O +by O +the O +various O +challenges O +. O + +aps B-category +Fasting O +per O +se O +increased O +the O +amount O +of O +bound O +endogenous O +free O +fatty B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +per O +mole O +of O +protein O +; O +the O +latter O +parameter O +was O +further O +increased O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +warfarin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +Flourescent O +staining O +of O +acetylcholine B-Chemical +receptors O +in O +living O +muscle O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Treatments O +were O +either O +pessaries O +only O +for O +20 O +days O +or O +pessaries O +for O +10 O +days O +combined O +with O +an O +intramuscular O +injection O +of O +250 O +mg O +progesterone B-Chemical ++ O +7 O +- O +5 O +mg O +oestradiol O +benzoate O +on O +the O +day O +of O +insertion O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +total O +of O +273 O +Herford O +cross O +heifers O +were O +treated O +with O +intravaginal O +progestagen B-Chemical +pessaries O +to O +determine O +some O +of O +the O +factors O +affecting O +oestrous O +response O +and O +fertility O +following O +long O +- O +term O +( O +20 O +- O +day O +) O +and O +short O +- O +term O +( O +10 O +- O +day O +) O +treatments O +. O + +aps B-category +Reducing O +the O +dose O +of O +progesterone B-Chemical +to O +250 O +mg O +resulted O +in O +a O +high O +oestrous O +response O +and O +a O +high O +degree O +of O +synchronization O +. O + +aps B-category +Cis O +and O +trans O +olefinic O +, O +epoxide O +, O +and O +cyclopropane O +analogs O +related O +to O +4 O +- O +[ O +N O +- O +( O +3 O +- O +chlorophenyl O +) O +carbamoyloxy O +] O +- O +2 O +- O +butynyltrimethylammonium O +chloride B-Chemical +( O +McN O +- O +A O +- O +343 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +muscarinic O +ganglion O +- O +stimulating O +properties O +of O +the O +active O +compounds O +are O +interpreted O +in O +terms O +of O +similar O +fit O +at O +the O +receptor O +level O +by O +the O +alkyltrimethylammonium O +ion O +and O +the O +ether B-Chemical +oxygen B-Chemical +5 O +. O +7 O +A O +distant O +, O +as O +well O +as O +an O +electron O +- O +rich O +center O +midway O +between O +groups O +in O +the O +form O +of O +a O +double O +bond O +or O +unshared O +electron O +pairs O +. O + +aps B-category +Preparation O +of O +analogs O +of O +4 O +- O +[ O +N O +- O +( O +3 O +- O +chlorophenyl O +) O +carbamoyloxy O +] O +- O +2 O +- O +butynyltrimethylammonium O +chloride B-Chemical +( O +1 O +, O +McN O +- O +A O +- O +343 O +) O +, O +the O +isomeric O +2 O +- O +trimethylammoniomethyl O +- O +3 O +- O +[ O +N O +- O +( O +4 O +- O +chlorophenyl O +) O +carbamoyloxymethyl O +] O +bicyclo O +[ O +2 O +. O +2 O +. O +1 O +] O +hept O +- O +5 O +- O +ene O +iodides O +( O +10 O +- O +13 O +) O +, O +and O +the O +corresponding O +- O +bicyclo O +[ O +2 O +. O +2 O +. O +1 O +] O +heptane O +iodides O +( O +14 O +- O +17 O +) O +are O +reported O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +inhibitory O +factor O +appears O +to O +prevent O +streptolysin O +becoming O +attached O +to O +cholesterol B-Chemical +receptor O +sites O +on O +the O +erythrocyte O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +Pre O +- O +inoculation O +treatment O +with O +azathioprine B-Chemical +, O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +and O +antithymocyte O +serum O +did O +not O +increase O +susceptibility O +. O + +aps B-category +Critical O +- O +point O +dried O +specimens O +, O +from O +the O +fractions O +of O +the O +sucrose B-Chemical +gradient O +at O +which O +DNA O +polymerase O +activity O +was O +found O +, O +contained O +particles O +of O +the O +same O +size O +and O +morphology O +as O +those O +in O +the O +thin O +sections O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +DTH O +response O +was O +specific O +for O +type O +- O +C O +virus O +subtypes O +because O +it O +could O +distinguish O +the O +Rauscher O +strain O +of O +murine O +leukemia O +virus O +from O +AKR O +leukemia O +virus O +when O +the O +challenge O +antigen O +was O +extracted O +with O +Tween O +80 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ether I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +An O +ether B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +antigen O +( O +es O +- O +Ag O +) O +associated O +with O +bovine O +leukemia O +virus O +infection O +was O +detected O +by O +immunodiffusion O +tests O +. O + +aps B-category +Based O +on O +column O +chromatography O +, O +es O +- O +Ag O +was O +a O +larger O +molecule O +than O +that O +of O +ether B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +antigen O +( O +gs O +- O +Ag O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +secretions O +suctioned O +from O +ten O +patients O +in O +shock O +, O +large O +numbers O +of O +histiocytes O +were O +found O +to O +have O +ingested O +inorganic O +iron B-Chemical +detectable O +by O +the O +Prussian O +blue O +method O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +may O +, O +therefore O +, O +be O +that O +iron B-Chemical +is O +deposited O +in O +the O +lungs O +in O +low O +flow O +states O +. O + +aps B-category +Induction O +of O +type O +C O +virions O +from O +normal O +rat O +kidney O +cells O +by O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deoxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Intravesical O +bleomycin B-Chemical +in O +bladder O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +Potentiation O +by O +phosphatidylserine B-Chemical +of O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +histamine B-Chemical +release O +from O +rat O +mast O +cells O +induced O +by O +concanavalin O +A O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Characteristics O +of O +use O +of O +the O +method O +of O +determination O +of O +aldosterone B-Chemical +excretion O +at O +the O +early O +postoperative O +period O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Comparative O +characteristics O +of O +enzymatic O +methods O +of O +determination O +of O +blood O +serum O +urea B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Serotyping O +of O +Mycobacterium O +tuberculosis O +with O +the O +aid O +of O +niacin B-Chemical +reaction O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Use O +of O +the O +iodine B-Chemical +test O +for O +the O +purpose O +of O +detection O +of O +hypergammaglobulinemia O +in O +chronic O +viral O +hepatitis O +and O +other O +chronic O +infections O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Synthesis O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphate I-Chemical +by O +way O +of O +potassium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +phosphoenzyme O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +, O +potassium B-Chemical +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphatase O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +these O +experiments O +it O +was O +driven O +backward O +in O +a O +transient O +two O +- O +step O +operation O +involving O +, O +first O +, O +phosphorylation O +of O +the O +enzyme O +from O +inorganic O +phosphate B-Chemical +, O +and O +second O +, O +transfer O +of O +the O +phosphate B-Chemical +group O +from O +the O +enzyme O +to O +ADP O +upon O +addition O +of O +a O +high O +concentration O +of O +Na O ++ O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +( O +P O +. O +G O +. O +) O + +aps B-category +Gentamicin B-Chemical +resistance O +in O +Staphylococcus O +aureus O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Paracetamol B-Chemical +hepatotoxicity O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Salbutamol B-Chemical +aerosol O +in O +premature O +labour O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +penicillamine I-Chemical +and O +haemolytic O +anaemia O +. O + +aps B-category +Preliminary O +data O +suggest O +elevated O +urinary O +oestrogen B-Chemical +excretion O +in O +three O +men O +from O +these O +families O +, O +implicating O +a O +defect O +in O +oestrogen B-Chemical +production O +or O +metabolism O +in O +the O +pathogenesis O +of O +male O +breast O +neoplasms O +. O + +aps B-category +Effect O +of O +low O +- O +dose O +heparin B-Chemical +prophylaxis O +on O +arterial O +oxygen B-Chemical +tension O +after O +high O +laparotomy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +arterial O +oxygen B-Chemical +tension O +was O +the O +same O +in O +both O +groups O +preoperatively O +and O +was O +equally O +significantly O +reduced O +during O +the O +1st O +postoperative O +day O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +arterial O +carbon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +tension O +did O +not O +differ O +between O +the O +groups O +, O +neither O +did O +it O +vary O +significantly O +between O +days O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Labetalol B-Chemical +and O +clonidine B-Chemical +in O +severe O +hypertension O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Do O +changes O +in O +blood O +levels O +of O +other O +aromatic O +aminoacids O +influence O +levodopa B-Chemical +therapy O +? O + +aps B-category +A O +randomised O +controlled O +trial O +of O +the O +use O +of O +intravenous O +cysteamine O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +severe O +paracetamol B-Chemical +poisoning O +has O +been O +performed O +. O + +aps B-category +Separate O +analysis O +of O +the O +patients O +treated O +within O +9 O +h O +of O +paractamol O +ingestion O +and O +of O +those O +treated O +9 O +- O +17 O +h O +after O +paracetamol B-Chemical +ingesion O +similarly O +showed O +no O +definite O +advantage O +of O +cysteamine O +. O + +aps B-category +received O +bicarbonate B-Chemical +at O +the O +time O +of O +birth O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Concentrations O +of O +both O +magnesium B-Chemical +and O +potassium B-Chemical +were O +significantly O +increased O +in O +normal O +heart O +muscle O +samples O +from O +an O +area O +with O +a O +soft O +water O +supply O +compared O +with O +matched O +samples O +from O +an O +area O +with O +hard O +water O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +magnesium B-Chemical +/ O +potassium B-Chemical +ratio O +was O +significantly O +lower O +in O +the O +softwater O +area O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +whole O +- O +body O +monitor O +was O +used O +to O +measure O +total O +body O +potassium B-Chemical +as O +an O +index O +of O +the O +lean O +tissue O +mass O +. O + +aps B-category +Editorial O +: O +Working O +with O +iodine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +125 I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +lung O +- O +cancer O +mortality O +has O +increased O +in O +women O +along O +with O +their O +cigarette O +consumption O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Withdrawal O +of O +corticosteroids B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Beneficial O +effects O +of O +methylprednisolone B-Chemical +" O +pulse O +" O +therapy O +in O +diffuse O +proliferative O +lupus O +nephritis O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +the O +pulse O +, O +five O +patients O +with O +rapidly O +deteriorating O +ranal O +function O +improved O +within O +three O +days O +and O +their O +serum B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +creatinine I-Chemical +levels O +returned O +to O +baseline O +by O +one O +month O +. O + +aps B-category +Is O +vasopressin B-Chemical +involved O +in O +the O +pathogenesis O +of O +malignant O +desoxycorticosterone O +hypertension O +in O +rats O +? 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O + +aps B-category +Simultaneous O +increases O +in O +reverse O +triiodothyronine O +( O +rT3 O +) O +concentrations O +suggested O +that O +the O +peripheral O +monodeiodination O +of O +thyroxine B-Chemical +( O +T4 O +) O +proceeds O +by O +an O +alternative O +pathway O +in O +the O +postoperative O +period O +. O + +aps B-category +Is O +early O +decline O +of O +cardiac O +function O +in O +ischaemia O +due O +to O +carbon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dioxide I-Chemical +retention O +? O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Diuretic B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +oedema O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Success O +with O +lithium B-Chemical +in O +a O +disturbed O +child O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Probenecid O +and O +serum B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +rifampicin I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Danger O +of O +aspirin B-Chemical +during O +pelvic O +irradiation O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Cimetidine B-Chemical +and O +gastric O +potential O +difference O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Storage O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +in O +the O +blood O +following O +liberation O +from O +liver O +and O +antrum O +through O +trypsin O +: O +protective O +mechanism O +or O +a O +factor O +promoting O +pancreatic O +shock O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +histamine B-Chemical +content O +of O +the O +human O +liver O +was O +found O +to O +be O +high O +enough O +to O +allow O +the O +invasion O +of O +mg O +amounts O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +into O +the O +circulation O +after O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +present O +it O +cannot O +be O +decided O +whether O +this O +mechanism O +leads O +to O +detoxification O +or O +to O +a O +more O +powerful O +action O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +in O +the O +microcirculation O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +patients O +with O +stress O +bleeding O +and O +severe O +burns O +, O +histamine B-Chemical +levels O +in O +plasma O +and O +in O +gastric O +juice O +were O +significantly O +elevated O +compared O +with O +a O +control O +group O +( O +patients O +with O +abdominal O +operations O +and O +uncomplicated O +postoperative O +course O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +rapid O +gelatin O +infusion O +in O +many O +cases O +a O +release O +of O +relatively O +small O +amounts O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +was O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +application O +of O +dextran B-Chemical +60 O +induced O +anaphylactoid O +reactions O +in O +2 O +persons O +, O +with O +death O +in O +one O +case O +. O + +aps B-category +Histamine B-Chemical +release O +probably O +is O +not O +the O +cause O +of O +dextrn O +induced O +anaphylactoid O +reactions O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Diagnostic O +value O +of O +copper B-Chemical +, O +haptoglobin O +and O +alpha O +- O +2 O +- O +globulin O +in O +the O +serum O +of O +patients O +with O +Hodgkin O +' O +s O +disease O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Divided O +into O +four O +groups O +according O +to O +different O +kind O +and O +cause O +of O +disorder O +, O +240 O +patients O +showing O +psychosomatic O +disorders O +have O +been O +treated O +with O +chlorazepate O +dipotassium O +only O +or O +in O +combination O +with O +clomipramine B-Chemical +and O +dihydroergotamine O +tartrate O +ambulant O +or O +in O +hospital O +, O +depending O +on O +the O +degree O +of O +severity O +of O +the O +disorder O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +products O +of O +synthesis O +are O +not O +covalently O +attached O +to O +the O +template O +and O +sediment O +as O +short O +( O +12S O +) O +DNA O +chains O +in O +alkaline O +sucrose B-Chemical +gradients O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +was O +found O +that O +niridazole O +is O +genetically O +active O +when O +the O +treatment O +of O +yeast O +cells O +is O +performed O +in O +a O +rich O +medium O +( O +YPG O +- O +medium O +) O +under O +growing O +conditions O +, O +but O +not O +when O +treatment O +is O +carried O +out O +in O +a O +non O +- O +nutrient O +suspension O +( O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Analgesic O +action O +of O +lysine O +acetylsalicylate B-Chemical +in O +intravenous O +administration O +on O +pain O +caused O +by O +cancer O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +use O +of O +toluidine O +blue O +10 O +( O +- O +4 O +) O +M O +in O +solutions O +at O +varying O +pH O +, O +after O +methylation O +and O +after O +alkali B-Chemical +demethylation O +demonstrate O +the O +acid O +sulfated O +mucopolysaccharide O +react O +within O +the O +pH O +range O +( O +3 O +. O +2 O +) O +, O +4 O +, O +4 O +. O +5 O +, O +5 O +; O +persistence O +of O +non B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +alcohol I-Chemical +resistant O +granular O +metachromasia O +above O +pH O +5 O +. O +5 O +suggests O +the O +presence O +of O +granules O +containing O +acid O +mucopolysaccharides O +staining O +as O +the O +result O +of O +possessing O +- O +- O +COOH O +radicals O +. O + +aps B-category +Indium O +( O +111In O +) O +- O +labelled O +bleomycin B-Chemical +for O +the O +detection O +of O +intracranial O +lesions O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +two O +of O +these O +bleomycin B-Chemical +distinguished O +residual O +tumour O +from O +the O +effects O +of O +craniotomy O +more O +clearly O +than O +did O +pertechnetate O +; O +in O +three O +bleomycin B-Chemical +apparently O +detected O +tumour O +not O +seen O +with O +pertechnetate O +, O +and O +in O +two O +the O +differences O +may O +have O +been O +due O +to O +technical O +factors O +, O +or O +are O +unexplained O +. O + +aps B-category +Uptake O +of O +inhaled O +lead B-Chemical +from O +motor O +exhaust O +. O + +aps B-category +Detergent O +and O +papain O +solubilized O +murine O +histocompatibility O +( O +H O +- O +2 O +) O +antigens O +have O +been O +compared O +by O +gel O +exclusion O +chromatography O +, O +ultracentrifugation O +, O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +- O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +, O +and O +amino B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +sequence O +analysis O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +data O +indicate O +that O +the O +fragment O +FH O +derives O +from O +the O +amino B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +terminus I-Chemical +of O +the O +heavy O +chain O +and O +suggest O +that O +it O +projects O +outward O +from O +the O +cell O +surface O +, O +while O +the O +carboxyl O +- O +terminal O +region O +is O +associated O +with O +the O +plasma O +membrane O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Techniques O +for O +the O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +sequence O +analysis O +of O +subnanomole O +quantities O +of O +polypeptides O +have O +been O +applied O +to O +characterize O +beta2 O +- O +microglobulin O +and O +transplantation O +antigens O +of O +the O +mouse O +isolated O +from O +spleen O +cells O +by O +indirect O +immunoprecipitation O +. O + +aps B-category +Uptake O +of O +lead B-Chemical +by O +inhalation O +of O +motor O +exhaust O +. O + +aps B-category +Cordycepin O +( O +3 O +- O +deoxyadenosine O +) O +, O +an O +inhibitor O +of O +poly O +( O +a O +) O +synthesis O +, O +was O +found O +to O +inhibit O +the O +induction O +of O +the O +endogenous O +type O +" O +C O +" O +RNA O +virus O +by O +5 O +- O +iodo O +- O +2 O +' O +- O +deoxyuridine O +in O +a O +line O +of O +Fisher O +rat O +embryo O +cells O +( O +H43 O +) O +grown O +in O +vitro O +, O +and O +when O +continuously O +incorporated O +into O +the O +medium O +at O +those O +same O +concentrations O +, O +it O +was O +found O +to O +protect O +the O +cells O +from O +transformation O +by O +the O +chemical O +carcinogen O +3 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +methylcholanthrene I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +No O +passage O +of O +contrast B-Chemical +medium I-Chemical +to O +the O +veins O +was O +ever O +demonstrable O +. 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O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +preliminary O +study O +which O +lasted O +14 O +weeks O +, O +an O +anti O +- O +anginal O +preparation O +, O +perhexiline B-Chemical +maleate I-Chemical +( O +Pexid O +) O +, O +was O +prescribed O +in O +a O +dosage O +of O +200 O +mg O +twice O +a O +day O +to O +7 O +patients O +who O +were O +suffering O +from O +cardiac O +arrhythmias O +associated O +with O +ischaemic O +heart O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +sequences O +of O +those O +portions O +of O +human O +fibrinogen O +fragment O +E O +which O +are O +not O +included O +in O +the O +amino B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +terminal I-Chemical +disulfide O +knot O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +last O +reagent O +does O +not O +possess O +the O +amino B-Chemical +substituted O +side O +chain O +even O +though O +it O +has O +the O +same O +intercalating O +nucleus O +. O + +aps B-category +Stain O +dewaxed O +sections O +for O +1 O +/ O +2 O +hour O +in O +a O +dyebath O +containing O +0 O +. O +1 O +% O +w O +/ O +v O +axure O +A O +or O +toluidine O +blue O +and O +1 O +% O +cationic O +surfactant O +( O +Hyamine O +2389 O +, O +a O +50 O +% O +w O +/ O +v O +aqueous O +solution O +of O +diisobutylphenoxyethoxyethyldimethylbenzylammonium O +chloride B-Chemical +; O +or O +benzyldimethylammonium O +chloride B-Chemical +, O +or O +cetylpyridinium O +bromide B-Chemical +, O +or O +cetyltrimethylammonium O +bromide B-Chemical +) O +buffered O +to O +pH O +7 O +with O +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Cytogenetics O +analysis O +of O +meiotic O +chromosomes O +of O +irradiated O +mice O +and O +their O +progeny O +after O +treatment O +with O +streptomycin B-Chemical +and O +dihydrodeoxystreptomycin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cytological O +findings O +show O +the O +absence O +of O +any O +mutagenic O +effect O +in O +animals O +nonirradiated O +and O +treated O +with O +streptomycin B-Chemical +and O +dihydrodeoxystreptomycin O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +steroids B-Chemical +were O +tested O +for O +their O +biological O +activity O +, O +using O +the O +sex B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +steroid I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +redevelopment O +of O +the O +secondary O +sex O +characteristics O +in O +adult O +frogs O +and O +gonadal O +sex O +differentiation O +in O +larval O +frogs O +as O +end O +points O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +patients O +have O +been O +treated O +with O +CCNU B-Chemical +, O +bleomycin B-Chemical +, O +methotrexate B-Chemical +, O +and O +platinum B-Chemical +in O +various O +combinations O +. O + +aps B-category +Prostatic O +fluid O +zinc B-Chemical +levels O +in O +15 O +men O +with O +chronic O +bacterial O +prostatitis O +averaged O +50 O +mug O +. O + +aps B-category +There O +was O +no O +overlap O +in O +the O +range O +of O +zinc B-Chemical +values O +between O +the O +two O +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Exogenous O +zinc B-Chemical +given O +orally O +did O +not O +increase O +the O +EPS O +zinc B-Chemical +level O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +presented O +suggest O +that O +zinc B-Chemical +may O +serve O +as O +an O +in O +vivo O +defense O +mechanism O +against O +prostatic O +invasion O +and O +subsequent O +urinary O +tract O +infections O +in O +men O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +method O +can O +also O +be O +successfully O +used O +with O +materials O +that O +have O +been O +preliminary O +fixed O +with O +formalin B-Chemical +but O +their O +clearing O +has O +been O +considerably O +worse O +. O + +aps B-category +Tritiated O +thymidine B-Chemical +was O +used O +to O +determine O +labelling O +indices O +and O +grain O +counts O +. O + +aps B-category +Serological O +specificity O +of O +thymidine B-Chemical +kinase O +activity O +in O +herpes O +simplex O +virus O +- O +transformed O +L O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +patients O +with O +coronary O +atherosclerosis O +in O +I O +and O +III O +stages O +content O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +in O +blood O +, O +excretion O +of O +free O +histamine B-Chemical +with O +urine O +, O +activities O +of O +serum O +histidine O +decarboxylase O +and O +diaminooxidase O +, O +histaminopexy O +of O +blood O +serum O +and O +content O +of O +antihistamine O +factor O +were O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +Between O +the O +content O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +in O +blood O +and O +the O +diaminooxidase O +activity O +no O +correlation O +was O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +Antihistamine O +and O +desensitizing O +preparations O +( O +pipolphen O +, O +heparin B-Chemical +, O +amidopyrine O +and O +ascorbic O +acid O +) O +increased O +the O +therapeutic O +efficiency O +of O +vasodilating O +drugs O +, O +decreased O +stenocardia O +attacks O +, O +accelerated O +both O +clinical O +improvement O +and O +normalization O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +preparation O +detects O +antigens O +of O +arboviruses O +of O +this O +group O +in O +the O +tissue O +culture O +fluid O +and O +in O +suckling O +mouse O +brain O +tissue O +treated O +with O +sucrose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acetone I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Only O +after O +exhaustion O +of O +the O +in O +- O +vitro O +- O +diagnostics O +the O +radio B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +iodine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +test I-Chemical +should O +be O +performed O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Urocytogram O +in O +the O +treatment O +with O +bleomycin B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Heparin B-Chemical +and O +the O +heparin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +precipitated I-Chemical +human O +blood O +plasma O +fraction O +in O +the O +rosette O +formation O +reaction O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +such O +effect O +was O +produced O +by O +heparin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +supposition O +was O +put O +forward O +that O +these O +substances O +interacting O +with O +lymphocytes O +had O +different O +points O +of O +application O +: O +heparin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cellular I-Chemical +membrane O +, O +FPH O +- O +superficial O +cell O +receptors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +O O +- O +antigen O +contained O +galactose B-Chemical +, O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +mannose O +, O +rhamnose O +, O +heptose O +and O +hexosamine O +; O +in O +difference O +to O +K O +- O +antigen O +was O +equal O +to O +150000 O +- O +- O +160000 O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +study O +of O +112 O +patients O +undergoing O +elective O +major O +surgery O +clinical O +and O +haemostatic O +data O +was O +followed O +in O +connection O +with O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +investigation O +on O +the O +effect O +of O +subcutaneous O +low O +- O +dose O +heparin B-Chemical +prophylaxis O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +comparison O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +and O +calcium B-Chemical +heparin B-Chemical +administered O +subcutaneously O +revealed O +no O +significant O +differences O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Method O +for O +the O +determination O +of O +mean O +densitometric O +profiles O +of O +chromosomes O +: O +application O +to O +human O +chromosomes O +stained O +by O +quinacrine O +mustard O +, O +ethidium O +bromide B-Chemical +or O +by O +the O +Feulgen O +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effect O +of O +prajmalium O +bitartrate O +and O +procaine B-Chemical +amide O +on O +ventricular O +extrasystoles O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Prajmalium O +bitartrate O +was O +well O +tolerated O +, O +while O +three O +patients O +receiving O +procaine B-Chemical +amide O +complained O +of O +nausea O +and O +gastrointestinal O +symptoms O +, O +so O +that O +treatment O +had O +to O +be O +discontinued O +in O +two O +. O + +aps B-category +Anatomical O +organization O +of O +the O +phasic O +activity O +produced O +by O +reserpine B-Chemical +at O +the O +level O +of O +the O +oculomotor O +system O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Purified O +gamma O +- O +RSCP O +formed O +one O +band O +when O +analyzed O +by O +polyacrylamide O +electrophoresis O +in O +acid O +gels O +containing O +8 O +M O +urea B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +compositions O +of O +gamma O +- O +RSCP O +prepared O +from O +RB O +or O +RSC O +were O +similar O +except O +that O +gamma O +- O +RSCP O +from O +RSC O +contained O +twice O +as O +much O +half O +- O +cystine O +and O +a O +slightly O +higher O +proportion O +of O +basic O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +than O +gamma O +- O +RSCP O +from O +RB O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +precipitation O +of O +specificities O +9 O +and O +11 O +from O +a O +BDF1 O +antigen O +preparation O +showed O +that O +these O +two O +Ia O +specificities O +were O +on O +separate O +molecules O +. O + +aps B-category +Membrane O +antigens O +including O +different O +classes O +of O +immunoglobulins O +, O +transplantation O +antigens O +, O +beta2 O +- O +microglobulin O +, O +T O +lymphocyte O +specific O +antigens O +, O +and O +virally O +determined O +surface O +components O +were O +investigated O +using O +fluorescein B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +labeled I-Chemical +Staphylococcal O +protein O +A O +in O +combination O +with O +cytofluorometric O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +both O +adsorbents O +, O +hog O +gastric O +mucin O +A O ++ O +H O +blood O +substance O +( O +HGM O +) O +, O +purified O +by O +phenol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ethanol I-Chemical +precipitation O +, O +yielded O +fractions O +showing O +only O +A O +, O +only O +H O +, O +or O +AH O +activities O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +preimmunization O +with O +H O +- O +2 O +incompatibility O +produced O +an O +amplified O +lytic O +anti O +- O +H O +- O +2 O +response O +. O + +aps B-category +Several O +mitogens O +( O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +[ O +LPS O +] O +, O +phytohemagglutinin O +[ O +PHA O +] O +, O +and O +concanavalin O +A O +[ O +Con O +A O +] O +) O +, O +when O +injected O +simultaneously O +with O +antigen O +, O +have O +been O +shown O +to O +modulate O +the O +normal O +splenic O +plaque O +- O +forming O +cell O +( O +PFC O +) O +response O +in O +rabbits O +to O +a O +single O +intravenous O +injection O +of O +AHuIgG O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +3H O +] O +leucine B-Chemical +and O +[ O +3H O +] O +fucose O +were O +internally O +incorporated O +into O +guinea O +pig O +lymph O +node O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +marked O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +capacity O +of O +TDL O +to O +exert O +a O +specific O +mixed O +lymphocyte O +reaction O +( O +MLR O +) O +against O +the O +injected O +determinants O +was O +reduced O +by O +no O +more O +than O +two O +to O +fourfold O +; O +this O +applied O +whether O +MLR O +were O +measured O +in O +vivo O +or O +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +Biopsies O +from O +normal O +and O +malignant O +human O +oral O +epithelium O +were O +studied O +electron O +histochemically O +using O +lanthanum B-Chemical +nitrate I-Chemical +for O +a O +selective O +demonstration O +of O +junctional O +complexes O +at O +the O +plasma O +membrane O +of O +adjacent O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +method O +is O +described O +, O +combining O +immunohistochemistry O +and O +histological O +staining O +methods O +in O +the O +same O +section O +, O +for O +the O +identification O +of O +ACTH B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +and O +STH O +- O +producing O +cells O +in O +formalin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fixed I-Chemical +, O +routine O +processed O +human O +pituitary O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +Histamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +releasing I-Chemical +activity O +of O +soft O +hemp O +and O +flax O +dusts O +. O + +aps B-category +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +autoradiography O +of O +the O +CSF O +cells O +in O +cases O +of O +non O +- O +neoplastic O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +Immediately O +after O +withdrawl O +by O +lumbar O +or O +ventricular O +puncture O +, O +the O +CSF O +was O +incubated O +in O +a O +sedimentation O +chamber O +at O +37 O +degrees O +C O +for O +1 O +hr O +with O +an O +admixture O +of O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +at O +a O +concentration O +of O +1 O +- O +2 O +muCi O +/ O +ml O +CSF O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +there O +was O +a O +statistically O +significant O +correlation O +, O +( O +alpha O +less O +than O +or O +equal O +to0 O +. O +015 O +) O +between O +the O +occurrence O +of O +pathological O +EEGs O +and O +the O +plasma O +creatinine B-Chemical +and O +BUN O +values O +. O + +aps B-category +80 O +strictly O +selected O +patients O +with O +chronic O +renal O +insufficiency O +with O +plasma O +creatinine B-Chemical +values O +of O +1 O +. O +4 O +- O +14 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +fatality O +rate O +of O +5 O +% O +with O +high O +- O +dose O +bleomycin B-Chemical +therapy O +is O +acceptable O +in O +view O +of O +the O +75 O +% O +response O +rate O +and O +substantially O +improved O +survival O +achieved O +with O +bleomycin B-Chemical +combination O +chemotherapy O +in O +metastatic O +testicular O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +Fatal O +pulmonary O +reaction O +from O +low O +doses O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +bleomycin B-Chemical +pulmonary O +toxicity O +is O +generally O +thought O +to O +be O +dose O +- O +related O +and O +occurs O +infrequently O +with O +a O +total O +cummulative O +dose O +less O +than O +300 O +to O +400 O +units O +, O +the O +two O +reactions O +reported O +here O +occurred O +with O +doses O +of O +105 O +and O +165 O +units O +. O + +aps B-category +Patients O +receiving O +bleomycin B-Chemical +should O +be O +meticulously O +monitored O +by O +interrogation O +for O +cough O +, O +dyspnea O +, O +and O +chest O +pain O +; O +by O +auscultation O +for O +rales O +; O +by O +serial O +chest O +roentgenograms O +; O +and O +by O +determinations O +of O +vital O +capacity O +and O +single O +- O +breath O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +diffusing O +capacity O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Therapeutic O +value O +of O +alcohol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +novocaine I-Chemical +block O +of O +the O +solar O +plexus O +in O +neglected O +cases O +of O +stomach O +cancer O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Biogenic O +amines B-Chemical +in O +endocrine O +cells O +producing O +polypeptide O +hormones O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +part O +of O +the O +APUD O +- O +cell O +family O +primarily O +accumulates O +biogenic O +amines B-Chemical +within O +their O +cytoplasm O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +probable O +that O +in O +several O +APUD O +- O +cells O +the O +accumulation O +of O +biogenic O +amines B-Chemical +only O +constitutes O +a O +phenomenon O +without O +any O +physiological O +relevance O +which O +, O +notwithstanding O +, O +could O +explain O +pathological O +reactions O +of O +APUD O +- O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +luminal B-Chemical +location O +has O +been O +described O +for O +these O +cells O +in O +the O +bronchial O +epithelium O +of O +human O +fetuses O +and O +neonates O +and O +it O +is O +suggested O +that O +luminal B-Chemical +small O +granule O +cells O +may O +be O +a O +rare O +, O +although O +normal O +component O +of O +the O +adult O +human O +bronchial O +epithelium O +. O + +aps B-category +Regimen O +1 O +was O +CCNU B-Chemical +followed O +by O +bleomycin B-Chemical +, O +and O +Regimen O +2 O +was O +a O +combination O +of O +CCNU B-Chemical +, O +bleomycin B-Chemical +, O +methotrexate B-Chemical +, O +and O +vinblastine O +. O + +aps B-category +Hg O +, O +arterial O +saturation O +of O +84 O +per O +cent O +, O +and O +excellent O +flow O +of O +contrast B-Chemical +from O +superior O +vena O +cava O +to O +atrium O +to O +pulmonary O +artery O +. O + +aps B-category +concentrations O +, O +and O +a O +large O +fall O +in O +plasma B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +insulin O +effect O +was O +noticeable O +within O +30 O +minutes O +, O +with O +pronounced O +falls O +in O +the O +concentrations O +of O +plasma O +glucose B-Chemical +, O +pancreatic O +glucagon O +, O +F O +. O +F O +. O +A O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Both O +studies O +did O +not O +find O +evidence O +of O +fetal O +damage O +when O +phenobarbitone B-Chemical +was O +taken O +for O +indications O +other O +than O +epilepsy O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +patients O +, O +one O +30 O +years O +old O +with O +a O +75 O +% O +burn O +, O +the O +second O +72 O +years O +old O +with O +a O +35 O +% O +burn O +, O +were O +treated O +topically O +with O +povidone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +iodine I-Chemical +( O +" O +Betadine O +" O +, O +pH O +2 O +. O +43 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Acidosis O +in O +the O +second O +patient O +was O +not O +as O +severe O +, O +and O +serum B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +iodine I-Chemical +concentration O +reached O +17600 O +mug O +/ O +dl O +. O + +aps B-category +Haemodialysis O +was O +very O +effective O +in O +reducing O +serum B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +iodine I-Chemical +concentration O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Retardation O +in O +the O +growth O +and O +development O +of O +skeletal O +muscles O +resulted O +into O +unfavourable O +shift O +of O +the O +ratio O +body O +weight O +/ O +surface O +and O +led O +to O +prevalence O +of O +catabolic O +processes O +over O +anabolic O +ones O +( O +increased O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +, O +heart O +and O +respiration O +rate O +in O +experimental O +animals O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Small O +doses O +of O +iodide O +( O +2 O +times O +3 O +. O +2 O +mug O +at O +12 O +h O +interval O +) O +, O +below O +those O +capable O +of O +inducing O +Wolff O +- O +Chaikoff O +effect O +, O +were O +injected O +into O +rats O +kept O +on O +a O +moderately O +low O +iodine B-Chemical +diet O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +sublingual O +gland O +, O +kallikrein O +was O +found O +in O +the O +cytoplasm O +of O +the O +striated O +duct O +cells O +and O +as O +a O +luminal B-Chemical +rim O +in O +the O +main O +ducts O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +submandibular O +gland O +, O +best O +identification O +of O +granular O +tubules O +and O +striated O +ducts O +was O +achieved O +with O +DMAB B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +nitrite I-Chemical +staining O +for O +tryptophan B-Chemical +and O +counterstaining O +with O +Mayer O +' O +s O +haemalum O +on O +sections O +of O +tissue O +fixed O +in O +Helly O +' O +s O +fluid O +. 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O +5 O +% O +aqueous O +basic O +fuchsin O +containing O +1 O +ml O +concentrated O +HCl O +and O +1 O +ml O +paraldehyde O +for O +10 O +min O +and O +counterstained O +with O +0 O +. O +5 O +% O +aqueous O +mercurochrome O +. O + +aps B-category +Autonomic O +nerves O +, O +amine B-Chemical +receptors O +and O +their O +effects O +on O +cerebral O +blood O +flow O +. O + +aps B-category +Thyroxine B-Chemical +( O +T4 O +) O +and O +triiodothyronine O +( O +T3 O +) O +resin O +uptakes O +( O +T3R O +) O +were O +increased O +but O +the O +24 O +hour O +radioactive O +iodine B-Chemical +( O +RAI O +) O +uptakes O +were O +less O +than O +1 O +per O +cent O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +these O +patients O +have O +a O +form O +of O +painless O +subacute O +thyroiditis O +which O +presents O +as O +thyrotoxicosis O +but O +is O +differentiated O +from O +it O +by O +a O +low O +RAI O +uptake O +and O +in O +whom O +recovery O +of O +thyroidal O +iodine B-Chemical +trapping O +is O +the O +first O +indicator O +of O +recovery O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +adenocarcinomas O +originating O +in O +the O +gastrointestinal O +tract O +are O +detected O +by O +67Ga O +with O +a O +sensitivity O +of O +only O +about O +40 O +per O +cent O +, O +whereas O +various O +chelates O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +( O +including O +111In O +- O +Bleo O +, O +99mTc O +- O +Bleo O +and O +57Co O +- O +Bleo O +) O +detect O +adenocarcinoma O +of O +the O +gastrointestinal O +tract O +with O +considerably O +higher O +sensitivity O +. O + +aps B-category +Other O +tumor O +- O +seeking O +radiopharmaceuticasl O +which O +have O +been O +employed O +with O +somewhat O +less O +success O +include O +selenium B-Chemical +compounds O +, O +labeled O +pyrimidines O +, O +several O +inorganic O +cations O +, O +lanthanide O +chelates O +and O +labeled O +proteins O +. O + +aps B-category +Reversible O +inhibition O +of O +rapid O +axonal O +transport O +in O +vivo O +by O +lidocaine B-Chemical +hydrochloride I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Lidocaine B-Chemical +, O +1 O +, O +2 O +, O +and O +4 O +% O +, O +produced O +a O +concentration O +- O +related O +inhibition O +of O +entry O +of O +3H O +- O +labeled O +rapid O +axonal O +transport O +into O +the O +distal O +portions O +of O +the O +nerve O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +time O +delay O +of O +recovery O +was O +also O +concentration O +- O +related O +, O +and O +with O +4 O +% O +lidocaine B-Chemical +recovery O +still O +seemed O +incomplete O +after O +4 O +. O +5 O +. O +h O +. O +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +inhibition O +of O +rapid O +axonal O +transport O +is O +probably O +a O +usual O +byproduct O +of O +nerve O +block O +with O +local O +anesthetics O +such O +as O +lidocaine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Cytidine O +nucleotide B-Chemical +biosynthesis O +and O +the O +level O +of O +cytochrome O +P O +- O +450 O +in O +rat O +liver O +microsomes O +after O +administration O +of O +colchicine O +. O + +aps B-category +Influence O +of O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +and O +chlormethine O +on O +antigenic O +properties O +of O +serum O +proteins O +. O + +aps B-category +Sera O +of O +rabbits O +injected O +with O +chlormethine O +and O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +in O +therapeutic O +doses O +for O +humans O +were O +examined O +for O +antibodies O +reacting O +with O +homologous O +and O +antologous O +gamma O +- O +globulins O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +antibodies O +to O +homologous O +or O +autologous O +serum O +antigens O +of O +rabbits O +treated O +with O +chlormethine O +or O +cyclophosphamide B-Chemical +were O +found O +. O + +aps B-category +Irritative O +brain O +lesions O +produced O +by O +implanted O +alumina O +cream O +or O +cobalt B-Chemical +powder O +prior O +to O +simultaneous O +IC O +and O +IV O +antigenic O +treatment O +were O +associated O +with O +diminished O +conreal O +reactions O +( O +alumina O +) O +and O +a O +number O +of O +tertiary O +eye O +responses O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +radioimmunoassay O +of O +steroid B-Chemical +glucuronides O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +two O +naturally O +occurring O +proteins O +( O +alpha O +- O +foetoprotein O +and O +17beta O +- O +hydroxy O +steroid B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +) O +recognize O +the O +edge O +of O +the O +steroid B-Chemical +defined O +by O +C O +- O +4 O +, O +C O +- O +6 O +, O +C O +- O +8 O +and O +C O +- O +15 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +seve O +polypeptide O +chains O +investigated O +had O +generalyy O +similar O +properties O +; O +all O +contained O +two O +residues O +per O +molecule O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +and O +N O +- O +acetylserine O +was O +the O +common O +N O +- O +terminal O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +residue O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +groups O +and O +designated O +polypeptides O +chain O +numbers O +were O +: O +group O +one O +, O +polypeptides O +1a O +and O +1b O +, O +which O +had O +moleculae O +weights O +of O +58 O +, O +000 O +, O +contained O +about O +25 O +% O +alpha O +- O +helix O +, O +86 O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +8 O +cysteine B-Chemical +residues O +per O +molecule O +, O +but O +which O +differed O +in O +net O +charge O +, O +extinction O +coefficients O +and O +tyrosine B-Chemical +contents O +; O +group O +two O +, O +polypeptides O +2 O +, O +3 O +, O +and O +4 O +, O +which O +hadmolecular O +weights O +within O +thewithin O +the O +range O +of O +52 O +, O +00 O +- O +56 O +, O +000 O +, O +contained O +about O +48 O +% O +alpha O +- O +helix O +, O +54 O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +6 O +cysteine B-Chemical +residues O +per O +molecule O +, O +but O +which O +differed O +in O +extinction O +coefficients O +and O +tryosine O +contents O +; O +and O +group O +, O +polypeptides O +5 O +and O +6 O +, O +which O +had O +molecular O +weights O +of O +47000 O +- O +48000 O +, O +contained O +about O +56 O +% O +alpha O +- O +helix O +, O +64 O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +4 O +cysteine B-Chemical +residues O +per O +molecule O +, O +but O +which O +differed O +in O +extinction O +coefficients O +and O +tyrosine B-Chemical +contents O +. O +. O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulphate O +- O +polyacrylamide O +- O +gel O +electrophoresis O +the O +glycoprotein O +was O +very O +similar O +to O +the O +Thy O +- O +1 O +from O +thymocytes O +that O +binds O +to O +lentil O +lectin O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +significant O +change O +occurred O +in O +heparin B-Chemical +anticoagulant O +activity O +when O +it O +was O +administered O +to O +rats O +pretreated O +with O +ditazole O +for O +3 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +co O +- O +administration O +of O +heparin B-Chemical +and O +ditazole O +enhanced O +the O +antiaggregating O +activity O +of O +the O +two O +drugs O +in O +both O +in O +vivo O +and O +in O +vitro O +tests O +. O + +aps B-category +Histamine B-Chemical +release O +by O +modified O +gelatin O +( O +Haemaccel O +) O +and O +dextran B-Chemical +( O +Macrodex O +) O +has O +been O +demonstrated O +in O +volunteers O +by O +direct O +and O +indirect O +methods O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +highest O +plasma O +histamine B-Chemical +concentration O +was O +4 O +. O +8 O +ng O +/ O +ml O +, O +the O +lowest O +1 O +. O +7 O +ng O +/ O +ml O +: O +two O +of O +the O +subjects O +showed O +slight O +allergic O +reactions O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +the O +rapid O +infusion O +of O +dextran B-Chemical +the O +highest O +plasma O +histamine B-Chemical +concentration O +was O +5 O +. O +0 O +ng O +/ O +ml O +, O +the O +lowest O +1 O +. O +3 O +ng O +/ O +ml O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +incidences O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +produced O +by O +Haemaccel O +varied O +with O +different O +batches O +. O + +aps B-category +One O +of O +the O +patients O +who O +received O +dextran B-Chemical +died O +. O + +aps B-category +Carcinoembryonic O +antigen O +( O +CEA O +) O +has O +been O +shown O +to O +contain O +no O +free O +cysteine B-Chemical +thiol B-Chemical +groups O +but O +6 O +cystine O +disulphide O +bonds O +. O + +aps B-category +Removal O +, O +using O +mercaptoethanol O +, O +of O +the O +thiol B-Chemical +blocking O +groups O +from O +the O +DTNB O +- O +treated O +CEA O +resulted O +in O +a O +55 O +% O +recovery O +of O +antigenic O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +Combined O +effects O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +and O +x O +- O +rays O +on O +DNA O +synthesis O +in O +ascites O +tumour O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Proceedings O +: O +Modification O +of O +the O +response O +of O +mouse O +skin O +to O +x O +- O +irradiation O +by O +bleomycin B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +urinary O +urea B-Chemical +: O +creatinine B-Chemical +ratio O +was O +significantly O +lower O +in O +the O +village O +children O +compared O +with O +the O +children O +from O +Khon O +Kaen O +, O +indicative O +of O +the O +higher O +dietary O +protein O +intake O +of O +the O +latter O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +terminal O +acid O +was O +blocked O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +lipid O +moiety O +contains O +cholesterol B-Chemical +, O +cholesterol B-Chemical +ester O +, O +triglyceride B-Chemical +, O +and O +phospholipid O +. O + +aps B-category +Sialic O +acid O +, O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +and O +carbohydrate O +, O +susceptible O +to O +periodate O +oxidation O +, O +are O +not O +involved O +in O +the O +Ss O +antigen O +sites O +. O + +aps B-category +Its O +affinity O +for O +the O +substances O +is O +increased O +by O +blocking O +of O +amino B-Chemical +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +Electron O +microscopy O +of O +golgi O +- O +stained O +material O +following O +lead B-Chemical +chromate O +substitution O +. O + +aps B-category +Production O +of O +beta O +- O +( O +4 O +- O +hydroxyphenyl O +) O +ethanol B-Chemical +and O +beta O +- O +( O +4 O +- O +hydroxyphenyl O +) O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +by O +Candida O +species O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +compounds O +were O +characterized O +as O +beta O +- O +( O +4 O +- O +hydroxyphenyl O +) O +ethanol B-Chemical +( O +HOPEA O +) O +and O +beta O +- O +( O +4 O +- O +hydroxyphenyl O +) O +lactic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +( O +HOPLA O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Induction O +of O +remissions O +with O +vinblastine O +, O +actinomycin O +D O +, O +and O +bleomycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Low O +dose O +bleomycin B-Chemical +and O +methotrexate B-Chemical +in O +cervical O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +Ninety O +% O +of O +sera O +from O +patients O +with O +squamous O +carcinomas O +had O +antibodies O +to O +HSV O +- O +TAA O +, O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +11 O +% O +of O +sera O +from O +patients O +with O +nonsquamous O +cancers O +and O +4 O +% O +of O +sera O +from O +noraml O +individuals O +. O + +aps B-category +Combination O +chemotherapy O +of O +L1210 O +leukemia O +with O +1 O +- O +beta O +- O +D O +- O +arabinofuranosylcytosine O +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +azacytidine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +doses O +of O +ara B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +C I-Chemical +and O +5 O +- O +azaCR O +in O +combination O +. O + +aps B-category +ara B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +C I-Chemical +was O +shown O +to O +inhibit O +the O +incorporation O +of O +[ O +4 O +- O +14C O +] O +- O +5 O +- O +azaCR O +- O +derived O +radioactivity O +into O +DNA O +of O +L1210 O +cells O +in O +culture O +, O +and O +the O +therapeutic O +effects O +observed O +are O +interpreted O +in O +terms O +of O +these O +latter O +results O +and O +the O +mechanisms O +of O +action O +of O +the O +two O +agents O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +interactions O +between O +bleomycin B-Chemical +and O +X O +- O +ray O +damage O +and O +repair O +have O +been O +examined O +in O +rat O +and O +human O +tumor O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +DNA O +double O +- O +strand O +breaks O +and O +/ O +or O +disruptions O +of O +DNA O +- O +lipid O +complexes O +also O +occur O +following O +bleomycin B-Chemical +exposure O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +small O +amount O +of O +excision O +repair O +is O +demonstrable O +in O +nonirradiated O +cells O +treated O +with O +high O +concentrations O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +consistent O +with O +repair O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +nucleotide B-Chemical +damage O +in O +cellular O +DNA O +by O +a O +" O +cut O +and O +patch O +" O +repair O +mechanism O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +data O +indicate O +that O +bleomycin B-Chemical +and O +X O +- O +ray O +damage O +are O +quite O +similar O +both O +in O +their O +induction O +and O +repair O +, O +but O +that O +lesions O +occur O +and O +are O +repaired O +independently O +. O + +aps B-category +Pulse O +cytophotometric O +analysis O +of O +cell O +cycle O +perturbation O +with O +bleomycin B-Chemical +in O +vitro O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Protein O +- O +bound O +iodine B-Chemical +in O +the O +blood O +serum O +in O +children O +( O +author O +' O +s O +transl O +) O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Effect O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +on O +the O +synthesis O +of O +hexosamine O +- O +containing O +substances O +in O +cultured O +fibroblasts O +. O + +aps B-category +Some O +immunostimulants O +( O +B O +. O +abortus O +, O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +) O +were O +more O +active O +than O +others O +( O +C O +. O +parvum O +, O +Poly O +I O +: O +C O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +study O +of O +protein O +dissociation O +was O +performed O +by O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +in O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +after O +reduction O +by O +mercaptoethanol O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +MCh O +was O +administered O +during O +beta O +- O +adrenergic O +blockade O +with O +propranolol B-Chemical +, O +however O +, O +no O +further O +increase O +in O +RE O +threshold O +occurred O +beyond O +that O +resulting O +from O +propranolol B-Chemical +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +E O +- O +type O +prostaglandins B-Chemical +: O +a O +new O +emergency O +therapy O +for O +certain O +cyanotic O +congenital O +heart O +malformations O +. O + +aps B-category +PGE2 B-Chemical +was O +infused O +prior O +to O +surgery O +, O +and O +in O +three O +patients O +, O +during O +surgery O +until O +a O +satisfactory O +aorto O +- O +pulmonary O +shunt O +was O +established O +. O + +aps B-category +Diuresis O +in O +the O +amphipod O +Gammarus O +duebeni O +induced O +by O +methylmercury O +, O +D O +. O +D O +. O +T O +. O +, O +lindane B-Chemical +and O +fenithrothion O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +comparison O +of O +the O +results O +of O +UA O +and O +PTA O +staining O +under O +various O +conditions O +indicate O +that O +the O +proteins O +in O +the O +core O +region O +and O +in O +the O +RNP O +particles O +connected O +to O +it O +differ O +with O +respect O +to O +their O +amino B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +( O +arginine O +and O +lysine O +residues O +) O +. O +- O +- O +The O +staining O +mechanism O +of O +PTA O +and O +UA O +is O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +systems O +involved O +in O +the O +reduction O +of O +the O +narcotic O +antagonists O +, O +naloxone B-Chemical +and O +naltrexone O +, O +were O +studied O +from O +the O +liver O +of O +chicken O +and O +rabbit O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +present O +study O +, O +the O +enzymes O +for O +carrying O +out O +this O +reduction O +were O +found O +to O +require O +NADPH B-Chemical +and O +to O +occur O +in O +the O +soluble O +fraction O +of O +liver O +homogenates O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +example O +, O +the O +rabbit O +enzyme O +was O +more O +sensitive O +to O +inhibition O +by O +morphine B-Chemical +than O +was O +the O +chicken O +enzyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Electrophoresis O +of O +lactate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dehydrogenase I-Chemical +revealed O +the O +presence O +only O +of O +two O +quick O +fractions O +, O +mainly O +LDH O +- O +1 O +, O +which O +increased O +after O +effort O +as O +well O +. 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O + +aps B-category +mut O +- O +49 O +and O +mutT1 O +induced O +the O +same O +two O +classes O +of O +trpA78 O +revertants O +, O +indicating O +that O +mut O +- O +49 O +induced O +adenine O +- O +thymine O +leads O +to O +cytosine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +guanine I-Chemical +transversions O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +fluorescently O +labeled O +polypeptides O +were O +identified O +in O +serum O +prepared O +by O +clotting O +normal O +, O +but O +not O +FSF O +- O +deficient O +, O +plasma O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +the O +fluorescent O +amine B-Chemical +, O +N O +- O +( O +5 O +- O +aminopentyl O +) O +- O +5 O +- O +dimethyl O +- O +aminonaphthalene O +- O +1 O +- O +sulfonamide O +( O +dansylcadaverine O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +second O +had O +a O +Mr O +of O +2 O +. O +0 O +times O +10 O +( O +5 O +) O +, O +was O +found O +in O +the O +protein O +fraction O +insoluble O +in O +33 O +% O +saturated O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +, O +and O +was O +precipitated O +by O +gamma O +- O +globulin O +directed O +against O +cold O +- O +insoluble O +globulin O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +depletion O +of O +cold O +- O +insoluble O +globulin O +in O +normal O +serum O +was O +partially O +blocked O +by O +clotting O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +dansylcadaverine O +and O +completely O +blocked O +by O +clotting O +in O +the O +absence O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +ions O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +DNA O +content O +of O +individual O +sperm O +from O +populations O +of O +acriflavine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stained I-Chemical +cells O +was O +investigated O +by O +analysis O +of O +fluorescence O +frequency O +distributions O +obtained O +with O +high O +- O +resolution O +flow O +- O +systems O +instruments O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +sharp O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +placental O +content O +of O +pregnancy O +zone O +protein O +could O +be O +entirely O +accounted O +for O +by O +the O +maternal O +plasma O +present O +in O +the O +placenta O +. O + +aps B-category +Abnormal O +rate O +of O +synthesis O +in O +inherited O +thyroxine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +globulin O +deficiency O +and O +excess O +. O + +aps B-category +Human O +TBG O +was O +purified O +by O +affinity O +chromatography O +, O +labeled O +under O +sterile O +conditions O +with O +131I O +or O +125I O +, O +, O +and O +mixed O +with O +[ O +125I O +] O +thyroxine B-Chemical +( O +T4 O +) O +or O +[ O +131I O +] O +T4 O +, O +respectively O +, O +before O +their O +intravenous O +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +G O +- O +bands O +were O +obtained O +by O +either O +SSC O +( O +saline B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +citrate I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +solution I-Chemical +) O +, O +or O +trypsin O +pretreatment O +methods O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +reagents O +included O +( O +a O +) O +the O +fluorescent O +antitumor O +antibiotics O +mithramycin O +, O +chromomycin O +A3 O +and O +olivomycin O +; O +( O +b O +) O +the O +Feulgen O +reagents O +acriflavine B-Chemical +and O +flavophosphine O +N O +and O +( O +c O +) O +the O +intercalating O +dyes O +ethidium O +bromide B-Chemical +and O +propidium B-Chemical +iodide I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +staining O +consists O +of O +a O +combination O +of O +a O +modified O +Feulgen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +acriflavine I-Chemical +procedure O +for O +DNA O +and O +a O +primulin O +or O +stilbene O +isothiocyanate O +staining O +for O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +Oxidation O +of O +fixed O +tissues O +and O +unfixed O +peripheral O +blood O +smears O +by O +1 O +% O +( O +w O +/ O +v O +) O +lead B-Chemical +tetraacetate O +in O +dimethyl O +sulfoxide O +for O +10 O +to O +60 O +min O +resulted O +in O +facile O +induction O +of O +tissue O +carbonyls O +readily O +demonstrable O +with O +Schiff O +' O +s O +reagent O +and O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +bisulfite O +addition O +reaction O +, O +followed O +by O +toluidine O +blue O +staining O +at O +controlled O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +Gomori O +' O +s O +lead B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +method O +for O +acid O +phosphatase O +detection O +, O +the O +optimal O +incubation O +time O +in O +the O +reaction O +medium O +was O +determined O +to O +be O +30 O +min O +. O + +aps B-category +Mechanism O +of O +the O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +characteristics O +of O +the O +C5a O +- O +induced O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +were O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +optimal O +reaction O +temperature O +is O +25 O +degrees O +to O +30 O +degrees O +C O +. O +Unlike O +the O +antigen O +- O +induced O +release O +, O +no O +two O +- O +stage O +activation O +with O +C5a O +for O +the O +release O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +could O +be O +demonstrated O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +parallel O +experiments O +, O +cells O +from O +allergic O +donors O +desensitized O +for O +IgE O +- O +mediated O +reactions O +by O +incubation O +with O +antigen O +under O +sub O +- O +optimal O +conditions O +release O +histamine B-Chemical +normally O +upon O +the O +addition O +of O +C5a O +. O + +aps B-category +Response O +to O +antigenic O +determinants O +of O +Neisseria O +meningitidis O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +investigated O +with O +a O +new O +radioactive O +antigen O +- O +binding O +assay O +. O + +aps B-category +LPS O +was O +intrinsically O +labeled O +with O +14C O +acetate O +during O +16 O +- O +hr O +growth O +in O +a O +modified O +Frantz O +media O +, O +extracted O +by O +hot O +phenol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +H2O I-Chemical +, O +and O +purified O +by O +dialysis O +, O +ultracentrifugation O +, O +and O +ethanol B-Chemical +precipitation O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +NaD O +is O +insoluble O +in O +( O +NH4 O +) O +2SO4 O +, O +polyethylene B-Chemical +glycol I-Chemical +, O +20 O +% O +, O +was O +used O +to O +precipitate O +immunoglobulins O +of O +all O +three O +major O +classes O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +profiles O +for O +the O +frequency O +of O +ZBC O +binding O +different O +numbers O +of O +molecules O +were O +nearly O +identical O +for O +thymus O +and O +spleen O +, O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +descriptions O +of O +the O +binding O +of O +many O +other O +antigens O +. O + +aps B-category +Sensitization O +of O +mouse O +splenic O +lymphocytes O +in O +vitro O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +borohydride O +, O +suggesting O +that O +the O +biologic O +effects O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +periodate O +are O +- O +treated O +autologous O +spleen O +cells O +stimulated O +a O +one O +- O +way O +mixed O +lymphocyte O +reaction O +and O +led O +to O +the O +generation O +of O +thymus O +- O +derived O +cytotoxic O +effector O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Fresh O +spleen O +cells O +and O +lymphocytes O +cultured O +for O +5 O +days O +without O +antigen O +or O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +did O +not O +lyse O +periodate O +- O +treated O +targets O +. O + +aps B-category +Rabbit O +antisera O +to O +isoniazid B-Chemical +( O +INH O +) O +and O +its O +major O +metabolite O +, O +isonicotinic O +acid O +( O +INA O +) O +, O +were O +prepared O +by O +immunization O +with O +conjugates O +of O +these O +compounds O +with O +human O +serum O +albumin O +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +asymptomatic O +long O +- O +term O +carriers O +of O +hepatitis B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +surface I-Chemical +antigen I-Chemical +, O +presence O +of O +the O +e O +antigen O +was O +associated O +with O +elevated O +levels O +of O +aspartate B-Chemical +and O +alanine B-Chemical +aminotransferases O +in O +serum O +; O +this O +observation O +suggested O +that O +the O +e O +antigen O +might O +be O +a O +marker O +for O +persisting O +hepatic O +dysfunction O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +structures O +visualized O +in O +lipolyzed O +chylomicrons O +was O +found O +to O +be O +affected O +by O +pH O +during O +preparation O +of O +specimens O +for O +microscopy O +, O +whether O +fixed O +with O +OsO4 O +and O +sectioned O +, O +or O +stained O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +phosphotungstate O +and O +examined O +as O +whole O +mounts O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +concluded O +that O +the O +monolayer O +lining O +the O +aqueous O +spaces O +is O +an O +inward O +extension O +of O +the O +chylomicron O +surface O +film O +produced O +by O +the O +accumulation O +and O +movement O +of O +lipolytic O +products O +, O +FFA O +and O +partial O +glycerides O +, O +in O +the O +interfacial O +plane O +between O +core O +triglyceride B-Chemical +and O +water O +. O + +aps B-category +Each O +serotype O +antigen O +has O +a O +unique O +subunit O +molecular O +size O +as O +determined O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulphate O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +( O +SDS O +- O +PAGE O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +expressed O +as O +an O +arithmetic O +difference O +, O +the O +amount O +of O +augmentation O +is O +increased O +in O +proportion O +to O +the O +level O +of O +thymidine B-Chemical +incorporation O +of O +the O +assay O +cells O +when O +they O +were O +stimulated O +by O +antigen O +alone O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +these O +experiments O +, O +antigen O +- O +reactive O +cells O +were O +deleted O +from O +populations O +of O +peripheral O +blood O +lymphocytes O +by O +incubation O +with O +purified O +protein O +derivative O +of O +tuberculin O +, O +diphtheria O +toxoid O +, O +or O +streptokinase O +- O +streptodornase O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +thymidine B-Chemical +of O +high O +specific O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +AMCT O +protein O +had O +a O +blocked O +N O +terminus O +, O +but O +the O +sequence O +analysis O +of O +a O +cyanogen O +bromide B-Chemical +fragment O +revealed O +identity O +with O +human O +calcitonin B-Chemical +in O +the O +11 O +positions O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +these O +reasons O +the O +AMCT O +protein O +may O +represent O +a O +prohormone O +of O +calcitonin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +particles O +of O +hepatitis B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +surface I-Chemical +antigen I-Chemical +( O +HBsAg B-Chemical +) O +, O +are O +exposed O +on O +the O +surface O +of O +Dane O +particles O +and O +tubular O +forms O +of O +HBsAg B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Cycloheximide O +alters O +axonal O +transport O +and O +subcellular O +distribution O +of O +dopamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +beta I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +hydroxylase I-Chemical +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Redistribution O +of O +choline B-Chemical +acetyltransferase O +and O +acetylcholinesterase O +in O +an O +isolated O +nerve O +segment O +of O +the O +rabbit O +vagus O +nerve O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +combination O +of O +levodopa B-Chemical +and O +the O +extracerebrally O +acting O +decarboxylase O +inhibitor O +benserazide B-Chemical +( O +ratio O +4 O +: O +1 O +) O +( O +Madopar O +) O +, O +was O +compared O +with O +levodopa B-Chemical +alone O +in O +a O +controlled O +double O +- O +blind O +clinical O +multicenter O +trial O +on O +94 O +patients O +with O +Parkinson O +' O +s O +disease O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +cerebral O +vasoparalysis O +in O +combination O +with O +severe O +arterial O +hypertension O +( O +MABP O +more O +than O +90 O +min O +above O +220 O +mm O +Hg O +) O +resulted O +in O +a O +statistically O +significant O +increase O +in O +the O +water O +content O +in O +the O +white O +matter O +without O +evidence O +of O +protein O +extravasation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +CSF O +was O +distinctly O +abnormal O +in O +all O +cases O +, O +showing O +elevated O +protein O +, O +depressed O +glucose B-Chemical +and O +pleocytosis O +of O +variable O +extent O +. O + +aps B-category +Pellets O +from O +5 O +different O +lots O +were O +implanted O +sc O +, O +removed O +periodically O +, O +and O +assayed O +chemically O +for O +remaining O +steroid B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +All O +the O +mediastinal O +tumors O +have O +capted O +the O +bleomycin B-Chemical +but O +the O +authors O +insist O +on O +the O +fact O +that O +the O +fixation O +was O +very O +light O +even O +when O +the O +tumor O +was O +a O +large O +one O +. O + +aps B-category +Human O +endometrium O +from O +the O +secretory O +phase O +of O +the O +menstrual O +cycle O +was O +incubated O +with O +3H O +- O +and O +14C O +- O +labelled O +glucosamine O +and O +[ O +3H O +] O +leucine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +MPA O +reduced O +the O +amount O +of O +glucosamine O +in O +the O +microsomal O +fraction O +and O +also O +had O +an O +effect O +on O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +transport O +within O +the O +endometrial O +cells O +, O +as O +indicated O +by O +intracellular O +alpha O +- O +aminoisobutyric O +acid O +space O +measurements O +. O + +aps B-category +Temperature O +- O +dependent O +changes O +in O +activation O +energies O +of O +the O +transport O +systems O +for O +nucleosides B-Chemical +, O +choline B-Chemical +and O +deoxyglucose O +of O +cultured O +Novikoff O +rat O +hepatoma O +cells O +and O +effects O +of O +cytochalasin O +B O +and O +lipid O +solvents O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +presence O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +, O +phenethyl O +alcohol B-Chemical +or O +Persantin O +at O +concentrations O +that O +inhibited O +thymidine B-Chemical +and O +2 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +deoxy I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +D I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glucose I-Chemical +transport O +between O +40 O +and O +70 O +% O +also O +did O +not O +alter O +the O +transition O +temperatures O +or O +activation O +energies O +for O +the O +transport O +of O +these O +substrates O +. 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O + +aps B-category +DeoxyATP O +is O +as O +efficient O +as O +ATP O +in O +donating O +phosphate B-Chemical +for O +in O +vitro O +phosphorylation O +of O +viral O +proteins O +. O + +aps B-category +Temperature O +sensitive O +( O +ts O +) O +mutants O +of O +dengue O +virus O +type O +2 O +( O +DEN O +- O +2 O +, O +TH O +- O +36 O +isolate O +) O +were O +induced O +by O +replication O +in O +primary O +hamster O +kidney O +cells O +treated O +with O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +azacytidine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Separation O +of O +three O +liver O +fractions O +( O +heavy O +mitochondrial O +, O +light O +mitochondrial O +and O +microsomal O +) O +on O +sucrose B-Chemical +gradients O +revealed O +the O +presence O +of O +two O +populations O +of O +radioactive O +particles O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Anti B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ACTH I-Chemical +( O +1 O +- O +24 O +) O +, O +anti B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +ACTH I-Chemical +( O +17 O +- O +39 O +) O +, O +anti O +- O +beta O +- O +LPH O +and O +anti O +- O +beta O +- O +MSH O +immunsera O +were O +electively O +fixed O +by O +the O +same O +cell O +type O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Chromosome O +aberrations O +induced O +by O +bleomycin B-Chemical +in O +human O +lymphocytes O +in O +vitro O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +To O +examine O +the O +association O +between O +e O +antigen O +and O +hepatitis B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +B I-Chemical +surface I-Chemical +antigen I-Chemical +( O +HBs B-Chemical +Ag I-Chemical +) O +we O +studied O +90 O +inpatients O +with O +acute O +viral O +hepatitis O +type O +B O +. 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O + +aps B-category +BACON O +( O +bleomycin B-Chemical +, O +adriamycin B-Chemical +, O +CCNU B-Chemical +, O +oncovin O +and O +nitrogen B-Chemical +mustard O +) O +in O +squamous O +lung O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +Enhanced O +pulmonary O +toxicity O +with O +bleomycin B-Chemical +and O +radiotherapy O +in O +oat O +cell O +lung O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +All O +five O +cases O +of O +pulmonary O +fibrosis O +occurred O +several O +weeks O +after O +completion O +of O +a O +six O +- O +week O +course O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +( O +total O +dosage O +90 O +units O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Phase O +I O +study O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +azacytidine I-Chemical +( O +NSC O +- O +102816 O +) O +using O +24 O +- O +hour O +continuous O +infusion O +for O +5 O +days O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +study O +was O +designed O +to O +eliminate O +undesirable O +side O +effects O +( O +mainly O +nausea O +and O +vomiting O +) O +occurring O +with O +a O +bolus O +dose O +and O +to O +confirm O +the O +recent O +findings O +of O +the O +relative O +stability O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +azacytidine I-Chemical +' O +s O +solution O +with O +preserved O +biologic O +and O +antitumor O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Twenty O +- O +two O +patients O +with O +MOPP O +- O +resistant O +stage O +IVB O +Hodgkin O +' O +s O +disease O +were O +treated O +with O +a O +combination O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +and O +CCNU B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +immunodiffusion O +experiments O +, O +the O +antigen O +forms O +a O +line O +of O +identity O +with O +an O +antigen O +extracted O +from O +highly O +purified O +bovine O +C O +- O +type O +leukemia O +virus O +by O +treatment O +with O +ether B-Chemical +or O +Triton O +X O +- O +100 O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Host O +liver O +or O +hepatoma O +chromatin O +incubated O +with O +a O +DNA O +polymerase O +extracted O +from O +normal O +rat O +liver O +nuclei O +is O +stimulated O +approximately O +to O +the O +same O +extent O +by O +bleomycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +We O +suggest O +that O +a O +defect O +in O +the O +repair O +system O +in O +hepatoma O +nuclei O +is O +responsible O +for O +the O +relatively O +lower O +response O +to O +bleomycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +A O +radioimmunoassay O +for O +bleomycin B-Chemical +has O +been O +produced O +using O +125l O +- O +labeled O +bleomycin B-Chemical +and O +antisera O +raised O +in O +rabbits O +against O +a O +carbodiimide O +- O +catalyzed O +bleomycin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +bovine I-Chemical +serum O +albumin O +conjugate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +standard O +curve O +of O +the O +assay O +was O +linear O +on O +a O +logit O +- O +log O +plot O +and O +the O +lower O +limit O +of O +sensitivity O +was O +250 O +pg O +bleomycin B-Chemical +sulfate O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +significant O +decrease O +in O +bleomycin B-Chemical +immunoreactivity O +was O +observed O +following O +24 O +hr O +incubation O +of O +the O +drug O +in O +serum O +at O +37 O +degrees O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +sensitivity O +and O +specificity O +of O +the O +radioimmunoassay O +for O +bleomycin B-Chemical +should O +provide O +a O +new O +means O +for O +pharmacokinetic O +and O +toxicity O +studies O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +relative O +concentration O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +azacytidine I-Chemical +in O +plasma O +with O +continuous O +infusion O +stayed O +higher O +than O +with O +bolus O +; O +urinary O +excretion O +was O +similar O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +20 O +degrees O +in O +Ringer O +' O +s O +lactate B-Chemical +( O +pH O +6 O +. O +2 O +) O +, O +the O +t1 O +/ O +2 O +was O +94 O +to O +100 O +hr O +. O + +aps B-category +Dose O +fractionation O +does O +not O +prevent O +repair O +of O +potentially O +lethal O +damage O +induced O +by O +bleomycin B-Chemical +( O +NSC O +- O +125066 O +) O +in O +vivo O +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulated O +DNA O +synthesis O +in O +livers O +and O +kidneys O +induced O +to O +proliferate O +associated O +with O +unchanged O +thymidine B-Chemical +and O +thymidylate O +kinase O +activities O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +the O +enhanced O +thymidine B-Chemical +kinase O +activity O +evoked O +by O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +given O +by O +intubation O +at O +later O +stages O +of O +liver O +regeneration O +was O +paralleled O +by O +the O +enhanced O +incorporation O +of O +thymidine B-Chemical +into O +DNA O +only O +to O +a O +very O +small O +degree O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +specific O +method O +for O +the O +isolation O +of O +cortisol B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +immunoglobulin O +from O +rabbit O +antiserum O +by O +affinity O +chromatography O +on O +sepharose O +- O +coupled O +haptene O +( O +sepharose B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +cortisol I-Chemical +) O +is O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +new O +types O +of O +staining O +regions O +exist O +aftet O +treatment O +with O +a O +modified O +version O +of O +the O +ammoniacal B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +silver I-Chemical +technique O +( O +Howell O +et O +al O +. O +, O +1975 O +) O +, O +in O +addition O +to O +findings O +by O +many O +other O +researchers O +working O +on O +the O +chromosomal O +complement O +of O +Bos O +taurus O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +closed O +- O +eyed O +frontal O +records O +, O +a O +changeover O +in O +the O +time O +lead B-Chemical +between O +the O +hemispheres O +could O +be O +observed O +, O +with O +one O +side O +leading O +during O +the O +period O +preceding O +the O +pattern O +, O +and O +the O +other O +after O +the O +pattern O +. O + +aps B-category +For O +control O +purposes O +a O +second O +EEG O +was O +recorded O +after O +a O +similar O +session O +when O +subjects O +drank O +water O +instead O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +conclusion O +is O +that O +the O +slowing O +of O +the O +EEG O +during O +hangover O +is O +caused O +by O +the O +depressant O +action O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +, O +or O +its O +metabolites O +, O +on O +cortical O +function O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +study O +of O +EEG O +modifications O +and O +psychometric O +performances O +was O +performed O +during O +two O +dives O +in O +hyperbarbic O +chambers O +with O +a O +helium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +oxygen I-Chemical +breathing O +mixture O +( O +pO2 O +maintained O +at O +0 O +. O +4 O +ATA O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Since O +existing O +diagnostic O +procedures O +are O +inadequate O +, O +we O +have O +investigated O +a O +test O +in O +which O +morphine B-Chemical +is O +used O +as O +a O +provocative O +agent O +and O +any O +resulting O +change O +in O +cerebral O +function O +assessed O +by O +measurement O +of O +the O +CNV O +in O +conjuction O +with O +a O +psychological O +trail O +test O +. O + +aps B-category +Antisera O +against O +deep O +rough O +mutants O +showed O +even O +higher O +anti O +- O +lipoprotein O +titers O +than O +anti B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +R I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lipopolysaccharide I-Chemical +titers O +. O + +aps B-category +Liver O +enzymes O +, O +cholesterol B-Chemical +and O +total O +protein O +concentration O +were O +also O +assayed O +. 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O +FeII O +complex O +reacts O +with O +unchanged O +diols O +in O +the O +glycogen O +, O +whereas O +the O +OSO4 O +in O +the O +combination O +OSO4K3Fe O +( O +CN O +) O +6 O +can O +potentially O +create O +carbocyl O +groups O +in O +the O +aldehyde B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fixed I-Chemical +glycogen O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +ultrastructural O +application O +of O +silver B-Chemical +methenamine O +to O +the O +study O +of O +mucin O +changes O +in O +the O +colonic O +mucosa O +adjacent O +to O +and O +remote O +from O +carcinoma O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +indiate O +that O +the O +HRP O +reaches O +the O +interstices O +of O +the O +gland O +principally O +by O +penetration O +between O +acinar O +cells O +, O +and O +that O +the O +junctional O +complexes O +between O +striated O +duct O +cells O +appear O +to O +be O +more O +resistant O +to O +disruption O +by O +luminal B-Chemical +pressures O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Subsequent O +examination O +of O +369 O +clinical O +specimens O +from O +the O +genitourinary O +tract O +over O +a O +6 O +- O +month O +period O +revealed O +47 O +( O +13 O +% O +) O +Chlamydia O +- O +positive O +cultures O +, O +all O +of O +which O +demonstrated O +inclusion O +bodies O +by O +iodine B-Chemical +staining O +at O +40 O +and O +64 O +h O +postinoculation O +. O + +aps B-category +Volatilization O +of O +14C B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +lindane I-Chemical +from O +water O +in O +planchets O +and O +under O +flooded O +soil O +ecosystem O +was O +investigated O +. O + +aps B-category +More O +rapid O +loss O +of O +both O +insecticides O +occurred O +from O +water O +than O +from O +chloroform B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +During O +5 O +- O +day O +incubation O +under O +flooded O +soil O +conditions O +, O +disappearance O +of O +lindane B-Chemical +was O +faster O +from O +open O +vials O +than O +from O +sealed O +vials O +, O +whereas O +in O +nonflooded O +soil O +, O +no O +volatile O +loss O +of O +the O +insecticide O +was O +evident O +despite O +water O +evaporation O +. O + +aps B-category +Under O +identical O +conditions O +of O +water O +evaporation O +, O +lindane B-Chemical +loss O +was O +directly O +proportional O +to O +its O +initial O +concentration O +in O +the O +water O +. O + +aps B-category +Subsequent O +staining O +with O +Schiff O +reagent O +followed O +by O +methylene O +blue O +distinguishes O +red O +- O +to O +purple O +- O +stained O +deoxyribonucleic O +acid O +from O +blue O +- O +stained O +ribonucleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +About O +25 O +times O +more O +SRS O +- O +A O +activity O +was O +released O +from O +aliquots O +of O +leukocytes O +by O +ionophore O +stimulation O +than O +by O +antigen O +stimulation O +, O +although O +comparable O +amounts O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +were O +released O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +the O +concentration O +of O +plasma O +albumin O +and O +tranferrin O +were O +depressed O +while O +plasma O +IgM O +became O +elevated O +during O +early O +convalescence O +from O +this O +infection O +. O + +aps B-category +Stimulatory O +effects O +were O +seen O +when O +rat O +prostates O +were O +cultured O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +insulin O +( O +3 O +mug O +/ O +ml O +) O +and O +testosterone B-Chemical +( O +10 O +( O +- O +7 O +) O +mol O +/ O +l O +) O +, O +the O +incorporation O +on O +day O +4 O +of O +culture O +being O +commensurate O +with O +that O +of O +fresh O +prostrate O +of O +the O +corresponding O +age O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +spontaneous O +surge O +in O +activity O +during O +culture O +tended O +to O +mask O +the O +stimulatory O +effects O +of O +insulin O +and O +testosterone B-Chemical +at O +concentrations O +of O +3 O +mug O +/ O +ml O +and O +10 O +( O +- O +7 O +) O +mol O +/ O +l O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +addition O +, O +purified O +LPF O +also O +induced O +histamine B-Chemical +sensitization O +and O +hypoglycemia O +and O +refractoriness O +to O +the O +hyperglycemic O +effect O +of O +epinephrine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +The O +role O +of O +IgE O +in O +the O +release O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +from O +human O +gingival O +mast O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +blastomeres O +of O +early O +mouse O +embryos O +developing O +after O +fertilization O +by O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +labelled I-Chemical +spermatozoa O +, O +the O +labelled O +paternal O +DNA O +is O +distributed O +non O +- O +homogeneously O +in O +the O +nucleus O +. O + +aps B-category +An O +elevation O +in O +hematocrit O +was O +observed O +in O +animals O +of O +the O +experiment O +run O +without O +catalyst O +and O +in O +those O +exposed O +to O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +; O +the O +use O +of O +the O +catalyst O +reduced O +the O +carbon B-Chemical +monoxide I-Chemical +levels O +in O +the O +exposure O +chambers O +by O +more O +than O +tenfold O +and O +prevented O +these O +bioeffects O +from O +occurring O +. O + +aps B-category +Sex O +chromatin O +determination O +in O +formalin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fixed I-Chemical +, O +paraffin O +- O +embedded O +tissues O +of O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +experiment O +we O +have O +shown O +that O +it O +is O +also O +possible O +to O +determine O +sex O +in O +formalin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fixed I-Chemical +, O +paraffin O +- O +embedded O +normal O +and O +tumor O +tissue O +of O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +Addition O +of O +R O +- O +82 O +to O +cultures O +in O +which O +all O +the O +cells O +are O +infected O +does O +not O +substantially O +affect O +the O +yield O +of O +physical O +particles O +as O +measured O +by O +RNA O +- O +dependent O +DNA O +polymerase O +activity O +and O +by O +( O +3H O +) O +uridine B-Chemical +incorporation O +into O +viral O +RNA O +. O + +aps B-category +Intracisternal O +A O +particles O +from O +the O +FLOPC O +- O +1 O +line O +of O +BALB O +/ O +c O +myeloma O +have O +been O +shown O +to O +contain O +high O +- O +molecular O +- O +weight O +RNA O +( O +60 O +to O +70S O +) O +that O +is O +sensitive O +to O +RNase O +, O +alkali B-Chemical +degradation O +, O +and O +heat O +but O +resistant O +to O +Pronase O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +Both O +viruses O +( O +termed O +rat O +leukemia O +virus O +, O +RaLV O +) O +were O +released O +spontaneously O +from O +rat O +embryo O +cells O +, O +have O +a O +density O +of O +1 O +. O +14 O +to O +1 O +. O +15 O +g O +/ O +cm O +( O +3 O +) O +based O +on O +equilibrium O +sedimentation O +in O +sucrose B-Chemical +gradients O +, O +contain O +60 O +- O +70S O +RNA O +, O +RNA O +- O +directed O +DNA O +polymerase O +, O +and O +rat O +type O +C O +virus O +- O +specific O +30 O +, O +000 O +molecular O +- O +weight O +- O +protein O +determinants O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +previous O +RaLV O +' O +s O +, O +these O +viruses O +propagate O +in O +their O +own O +cells O +of O +origin O +as O +well O +as O +in O +cells O +of O +heterologous O +rat O +strains O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +viruses O +of O +the O +same O +class O +were O +indistinguishable O +. O + +aps B-category +Disruption O +of O +IgM O +disulfide O +bonds O +by O +dithiothreitol B-Chemical +destroyed O +its O +inhibitory O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Dry O +erythrocytic O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +diagnostic O +agent O +for O +pseudotuberculosis O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Clinical O +approbation O +of O +the O +colorimetric O +micromethod O +of O +determination O +of O +creatine B-Chemical +kinase O +activity O +in O +ischemic O +heart O +disease O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Letter O +: O +Lindane B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +a I-Chemical +reply O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +plus O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +fluorouracil I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +B O +. O +C O +. O +G O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +fatal O +motor O +- O +car O +accident O +and O +cannabis B-Chemical +use O +. 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O + +aps B-category +After O +infusing O +acid O +, O +plasma O +- O +motilin O +rose O +by O +90 O +% O +at O +4 O +min O +and O +was O +still O +significantly O +raised O +at O +45 O +min O +, O +whereas O +there O +was O +an O +insignificant O +fall O +in O +plasma O +- O +motilin O +after O +alkali B-Chemical +and O +no O +change O +after O +saline O +solution O +. O + +aps B-category +Geographic O +differences O +in O +the O +rates O +of O +breast O +, O +endometrial O +, O +and O +ovarian O +cancer O +appear O +to O +be O +inversely O +correlated O +with O +dietary O +iodine B-Chemical +intake O +. O + +aps B-category +Increasing O +dietary O +iodine B-Chemical +intake O +may O +reduce O +the O +risk O +of O +these O +cancers O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +cell O +types O +are O +defined O +as O +follows O +: O +1 O +) O +the O +differentiated O +Ig O +lymphocytes O +which O +bear O +Ig O +at O +their O +surface O +, O +have O +a O +rough O +nuclear O +sap O +, O +a O +granular O +cytoplasm O +and O +often O +show O +mcrovilli O +at O +the O +cell O +surface O +; O +none O +of O +these O +lymphocytes O +incorporate O +thymidine B-Chemical +and O +therefore O +this O +subpopulation O +can O +be O +considered O +as O +mature O +; O +2 O +) O +the O +differentiated O +plasmacytes O +have O +a O +well O +organized O +rough O +endoplasmic O +reticulum O +; O +differentiated O +plasmacytes O +are O +not O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +labelled O +and O +this O +subpopulation O +is O +mature O +; O +3 O +) O +the O +differentiated O +T O +lymphocytes O +with O +theta O +- O +antigen O +at O +their O +cell O +surface O +contain O +a O +smooth O +endoplasmic O +reticulum O +, O +a O +developed O +Golgi O +apparatus O +and O +lysophagosomes O +; O +the O +differentiated O +T O +lymphocytes O +show O +no O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +labelling O +and O +this O +subpopulation O +is O +also O +mature O +; O +4 O +) O +in O +the O +large O +lymphocytes O +without O +surface O +Ig O +nor O +theta O +- O +antigen O +, O +chromatin O +aggregate O +are O +intermingled O +to O +the O +nuclear O +sap O +and O +a O +large O +nucleolus O +is O +present O +; O +this O +subpopulation O +of O +lymphocytes O +, O +a O +number O +of O +which O +show O +usually O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +labelling O +, O +is O +immature O +; O +5 O +) O +the O +small O +lymphocytes O +without O +surface O +Ig O +nor O +theta O +- O +antigen O +have O +a O +large O +nuclear O +cytoplasm O +ratio O +; O +like O +the O +large O +lymphocytes O +, O +this O +population O +is O +also O +immature O +, O +since O +a O +percentage O +of O +these O +cells O +usually O +incorporates O +thymidine B-Chemical +; O +6 O +) O +small O +T O +lymphocytes O +are O +labelled O +by O +the O +theta O +- O +antigen O +marker O +; O +after O +antigenic O +stimulation O +some O +of O +them O +are O +found O +to O +incorporate O +thymidine B-Chemical +. 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O + +aps B-category +Lidocaine B-Chemical +eliminated O +His O +bundle O +extrasystoles O +that O +blocked O +entirely O +( O +concealed O +) O +or O +conducted O +with O +functional O +left O +bundle O +- O +branch O +block O +by O +improving O +His O +- O +Purkinje O +conduction O +and O +by O +lengthening O +the O +coupling O +interval O +of O +the O +premature O +His O +bundle O +extrasystole O +. O + +aps B-category +Lysosome O +overloading O +and O +dysfunction O +induced O +by O +streptomycin B-Chemical +in O +cultured O +fibroblasts O +. O + +aps B-category +High O +degree O +of O +conversion O +of O +angiotensin B-Chemical +I O +to O +angiotensin B-Chemical +II I-Chemical +in O +the O +mesenteric O +circulation O +of O +the O +isolated O +perfused O +terminal O +ileum O +of O +the O +cat O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +main O +end O +products O +of O +the O +anaerobic O +carbohydrate O +breakdown O +are O +succinate O +and O +alanine B-Chemical +which O +account O +for O +40 O +% O +and O +30 O +% O +respectively O +of O +all O +accumulated O +compounds O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Nutritional O +needs O +of O +adult O +Drosophila O +: O +influence O +of O +lecithins O +and O +of O +choline B-Chemical +chloride B-Chemical +on O +the O +fecundity O +, O +the O +fertility O +and O +the O +size O +of O +ova O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +effects O +seem O +caused O +by O +the O +choline B-Chemical +deficiency O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +adults O +, O +the O +optimal O +concentration O +could O +be O +about O +2 O +g O +/ O +litre O +for O +the O +lecithin O +and O +300 O +mg O +/ O +litre O +for O +the O +cholin O +chloride B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +( O +4 O +) O +Subunit O +beta O +is O +suggested O +to O +be O +the O +nucleotide B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +polymerizing I-Chemical +enzyme O +, O +but O +is O +unable O +to O +initiate O +RNA O +synthesis O +by O +itself O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Three O +transport O +permeases O +of O +glutamic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +in O +Saccharomyces O +cerevisiae O +: O +specificity O +and O +regulation O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Oestrogen O +- O +related O +changes O +in O +uterine O +and O +vaginal O +cAMP B-Chemical +and O +cGMP B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Kinetics O +of O +enzyme O +activity O +in O +high O +concentrations O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +malate I-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Cells O +growing O +vegetatively O +and O +also O +cells O +forming O +fruiting O +bodies O +produced O +3 O +' O +, O +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +cyclic I-Chemical +adenosine I-Chemical +monophosphate I-Chemical +( O +cAMP B-Chemical +) O +as O +measured O +by O +the O +incorporation O +of O +exogeneous O +[ O +3H O +] O +adenosine B-Chemical +into O +cAMP B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +from O +Mycobacterium O +species O +, O +strain O +Takeo O +, O +has O +been O +purified O +to O +homogeneity O +as O +judged O +by O +disc O +gel O +electrophoresis O +and O +ultracentrifugation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +was O +considerably O +stable O +to O +the O +treatment O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +; O +unless O +incubating O +at O +80 O +degrees O +C O +for O +2 O +min O +, O +it O +was O +not O +completely O +dissociated O +into O +the O +subunits O +. O + +aps B-category +Superoxide B-Chemical +dismutase O +preparations O +obtained O +from O +various O +species O +of O +mycobacteria O +and O +nocardia O +cross O +- O +reacted O +to O +different O +degrees O +with O +these O +antibodies O +on O +the O +Ouchterlony O +double O +diffusion O +plates O +. O + +aps B-category +Antithymocyte B-Chemical +globulin I-Chemical +in O +renal O +transplant O +recipients O +. O + +aps B-category +Estrogen B-Chemical +receptors O +: O +markers O +of O +hormonal O +dependence O +of O +breast O +cancer O +. O + +aps B-category +Lesions O +of O +the O +liver O +in O +this O +disease O +are O +of O +cholestatic O +character O +, O +which O +was O +due O +to O +the O +impairment O +of O +the O +metabolism O +of O +lipids O +, O +cholesterol B-Chemical +and O +biliary O +acids O +under O +the O +effect O +of O +ethanol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Antibody O +against O +HBsAg B-Chemical +was O +detected O +in O +11 O +- O +6 O +% O +of O +the O +patients O +by O +passive O +haemagglutination O +( O +PH O +) O +and O +13 O +- O +4 O +% O +by O +RIA O +, O +and O +in O +33 O +- O +4 O +% O +( O +by O +PH O +) O +of O +a O +control O +population O +. O + +aps B-category +Release O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +from O +lung O +tissue O +in O +vitro O +by O +dimethylhydantoin O +- O +formaldehyde O +resin O +and O +polyvinylpyrrolidone O +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +40 O +Manchester O +taxi O +drivers O +the O +mean O +blood O +lead B-Chemical +was O +1 O +. O +10 O +mumol O +/ O +1 O +( O +22 O +. O +8 O +mug O +per O +100 O +ml O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +significant O +association O +was O +found O +between O +either O +blood O +lead B-Chemical +elvels O +or O +erythrocyte O +ALAD O +activity O +and O +duration O +of O +service O +or O +weekly O +mileage O +as O +a O +taxi O +driver O +or O +with O +drinking O +or O +smoking B-Chemical +habits O +, O +or O +age O +. O + +aps B-category +Although O +there O +was O +no O +correlation O +between O +blood O +lead B-Chemical +levels O +and O +the O +source O +of O +domestic O +water O +, O +the O +mean O +blood O +lead B-Chemical +of O +those O +with O +lead B-Chemical +domestic O +plumbing O +was O +appreciably O +higher O +than O +the O +level O +of O +those O +with O +copper B-Chemical +plumbing O +. O + +aps B-category +Probability O +analysis O +of O +the O +interaction O +of O +antibodies O +with O +multideterminant O +antigens O +in O +radioimmunoassay O +: O +application O +to O +the O +amino B-Chemical +terminus O +of O +the O +beta O +chain O +of O +hemoglobin O +S O +. O + +aps B-category +Demonstration O +of O +8 O +S O +- O +cytoplasmic O +oestrogen B-Chemical +receptor O +in O +rat O +mullerian O +duct O +. O + +aps B-category +Methods O +involving O +total O +extraction O +of O +the O +cell O +- O +virus O +mixture O +either O +by O +repeated O +freezing O +and O +thawing O +followed O +by O +detergent O +treatment O +or O +by O +Dounce O +homogenization O +and O +treatment O +with O +high O +salt B-Chemical +and O +detergent O +failed O +to O +provide O +RNA O +- O +directed O +DNA O +polymerase O +free O +of O +cellular O +DNA O +polymerases O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +both O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +carbohydrate O +residues O +are O +involved O +in O +the O +structure O +of O +the O +antigenic O +determinant O +. O + +aps B-category +Malate O +and O +lactate B-Chemical +dehydrogenases O +were O +monotonously O +inhibited O +under O +the O +increase O +of O +gramicidin O +S O +concentration O +, O +while O +the O +activity O +of O +NADH O +- O +dehydrogenase O +firstly O +decreased O +and O +then O +reversed O +to O +the O +initial O +level O +under O +further O +increase O +of O +gramicidin O +S O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +addition O +of O +Triton O +X O +- O +100 O +completely O +eliminated O +the O +inhibitory O +effect O +of O +gramicidin O +on O +malate B-Chemical +dehydrogenase O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +study O +was O +made O +of O +the O +efficacy O +of O +trypan B-Chemical +blue I-Chemical +, O +acridine O +orange O +, O +tetracycline B-Chemical +and O +oxytetracycline O +for O +detection O +of O +tumour O +cells O +injected O +into O +the O +blood O +stream O +of O +rats O +. O + +aps B-category +the O +basic O +actions O +can O +lead B-Chemical +to O +difference O +influencing O +of O +the O +heart O +functioning O +. O + +aps B-category +Inhibition O +and O +stimulation O +of O +rapid O +axonal O +transport O +in O +vitro O +by O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +blockers O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +present O +results O +suggest O +that O +stimulation O +of O +axonal O +transport O +can O +be O +achieved O +through O +an O +interaction O +with O +sulfhydryl B-Chemical +groups O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +in O +the O +superior O +cervical O +ganglion O +there O +was O +a O +small O +but O +significant O +increase O +within O +the O +first O +hour O +. O + +aps B-category +Cell O +death O +and O +lysis O +of O +the O +mutant O +could O +be O +prevented O +by O +treatment O +of O +cultures O +with O +cycloheximide B-Chemical +, O +an O +inhibitor O +of O +protein O +synthesis O +. O + +aps B-category +Differential O +mechanisms O +of O +increased O +alpha O +1 O +- O +fetoprotein O +production O +in O +rats O +following O +carbon B-Chemical +tetrachloride I-Chemical +injury O +and O +partial O +hepatectomy O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +maximum O +level O +of O +serum O +AFP O +reached O +in O +4 O +days O +after O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +CCl4 B-Chemical +was O +much O +higher O +than O +that O +after O +partial O +hepatectomy O +, O +although O +the O +incorporation O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +thymidine B-Chemical +into O +liver O +DNA O +increased O +nearly O +to O +the O +same O +extent O +by O +either O +of O +these O +treatments O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +increases O +of O +serum O +AFP O +concentrations O +in O +CCl4 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +injured I-Chemical +rats O +had O +an O +additive O +effect O +on O +increased O +AFP O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +Intracellular O +distribution O +of O +( O +14C O +) O +bleomycin B-Chemical +and O +the O +cytokinetic O +effects O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +in O +the O +mouse O +tumor O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +significance O +of O +DNA O +damage O +in O +the O +cell O +cycle O +sensitivity O +of O +Chinese O +hamster O +ovary O +cells O +to O +bleomycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +DNA O +breakage O +also O +occurs O +in O +cells O +incubated O +in O +bleomycin B-Chemical +at O +4 O +degrees O +. O + +aps B-category +They O +lack O +contact O +inhibition O +and O +may O +be O +transferred O +for O +several O +generations O +, O +in O +contrast B-Chemical +to O +normal O +cervical O +epithelial O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +more O +developed O +lesions O +, O +hyperplastic O +nodules O +, O +also O +did O +not O +store O +iron B-Chemical +, O +had O +persistent O +glycogen O +, O +did O +not O +display O +increased O +concanavalin O +A O +agglutinability O +, O +and O +were O +not O +independent O +secretors O +of O +high O +levels O +of O +alpha O +- O +fetoprotein O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +1 O +mug O +/ O +ml O +at O +37 O +degrees O +, O +the O +naturally O +occurring O +spermidine O +derivative O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +( O +A5 O +) O +was O +far O +more O +lethal O +to O +Escherichia O +coli O +than O +were O +several O +other O +bleomycins O +tested O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +the O +lethality O +of O +the O +antitumor O +agent O +, O +bleomycin B-Chemical +, O +which O +is O +reported O +to O +produce O +breaks O +in O +bacterial O +and O +animal O +cell O +DNA O +in O +vivo O +and O +in O +vitro O +appeared O +totally O +dependent O +on O +RNA O +synthesis O +in O +E O +. O +coli O +. 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O +The O +corticotroph O +nature O +of O +these O +cells O +is O +confirmed O +by O +the O +study O +of O +their O +modifications O +after O +treatment O +with O +amphenone O +and O +ACTH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Study O +of O +prostaglandin B-Chemical +synthesis O +during O +anaphylactic O +shock O +in O +guinea O +pigs O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +lung O +tissue O +, O +only O +PGF2alpha B-Chemical +, O +which O +are O +bronchoconstructive O +mediators O +, O +are O +increased O +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +of O +renal O +involvement O +or O +necrotizing O +vasculitis O +was O +notably O +absent O +and O +the O +response O +to O +small O +doses O +of O +corticosteroids B-Chemical +was O +dramatic O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Administration O +of O +uranium O +nitrate B-Chemical +to O +rats O +is O +seen O +to O +be O +followed O +by O +a O +rise O +of O +the O +radio O +- O +iodide O +organic O +transformation O +constant O +and O +by O +a O +reduction O +in O +the O +proportion O +of O +the O +radio O +- O +iodide O +fraction O +released O +into O +the O +blood O +from O +the O +throid O +. O + +aps B-category +Tests O +set O +up O +on O +mice O +and O +rats O +brought O +evidence O +that O +spironolactone B-Chemical +, O +progesterone B-Chemical +, O +testosterone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +propionate I-Chemical +, O +methylandostendiol O +, O +desoxycorticosterone O +- O +acetate O +, O +methyltosterone O +, O +diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical +, O +preparation O +PCN O +, O +megesterol O +- O +acetate O +and O +mestranol O +disply O +a O +catatoxic O +action O +, O +whose O +degree O +depends O +upon O +the O +method O +of O +evaluation O +and O +the O +animal O +species O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +role O +of O +thyroxine B-Chemical +in O +the O +regulation O +of O +translatable O +messenger O +RNA O +for O +alpha2u O +globulin O +in O +rat O +liver O +. O + +aps B-category +Transfer O +of O +L O +- O +dihydrostreptose O +from O +dTDP O +- O +L O +- O +dihydrostreptose O +to O +streptidine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +6 I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +surface O +( O +HBsAg B-Chemical +) O +and O +core O +( O +HBcAg O +) O +antigens O +of O +hepatitis O +B O +virus O +( O +HBV O +) O +have O +been O +searched O +by O +optic O +microscopy O +in O +the O +liver O +specimens O +from O +patients O +hospitalized O +for O +various O +conditions O +and O +from O +38 O +HGsAg O +chronic O +carriers O +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +the O +28 O +HBsAg B-Chemical +seropositive O +patients O +, O +only O +3 O +showed O +positive O +staining O +: O +1 O +patient O +with O +acute O +viral O +hepatitis O +showed O +nuclear O +staining O +with O +anti O +- O +HBc O +; O +2 O +patients O +with O +postnecrotic O +cirrhosis O +showed O +cytoplasmic O +staining O +with O +anti O +- O +HBs O +and O +/ O +or O +orcein O +, O +and O +one O +of O +them O +also O +showed O +nuclear O +staining O +with O +anti O +- O +HBc O +. O + +aps B-category +Anti O +- O +HBs O +and O +orcein O +staining O +are O +equally O +sensitive O +and O +specific O +for O +the O +detection O +of O +HBsAg B-Chemical +in O +hepatocytes O +; O +discrepant O +results O +can O +be O +attributed O +to O +sampling O +error O +of O +distribution O +of O +HBsAg B-Chemical +in O +small O +liver O +fragments O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Elicitation O +of O +MAF O +by O +DNFB O +or O +DNP O +conjugate O +was O +inhibited O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +DNP O +glycine B-Chemical +; O +the O +activity O +of O +MAF O +induced O +by O +DNP O +conjugate O +( O +but O +not O +that O +induced O +by O +DNFB O +) O +was O +inhibited O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +DNP B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +glycine I-Chemical +as O +well O +. O + +aps B-category +Following O +intraperitoneal O +sensitisation O +of O +rats O +with O +rat O +serum O +containing O +reaginic O +antibody O +, O +intravenous O +injection O +of O +blue O +dye O +and O +intraperitoneal O +challenge O +with O +antigen O +caused O +a O +release O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +, O +slow O +- O +reacting O +substance O +of O +anaphylaxis O +( O +SRS O +- O +A O +) O +and O +dye O +into O +their O +peritoneal O +fluids O +. O + +aps B-category +BRL O +10833 O +, O +unlike O +DSCG O +, O +was O +active O +after O +oral O +administration O +, O +and O +for O +a O +given O +inhibition O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +it O +produced O +a O +greater O +effect O +on O +extravasation O +when O +given O +orally O +than O +when O +injected O +intraperitoneally O +. O + +aps B-category +IgE O +antibodies O +in O +patients O +allergic O +to O +rifampicin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +These O +antibodies O +cross O +- O +react O +with O +rifamycin O +SV O +and O +with O +the O +chromophoric O +moiety O +of O +rifamycins O +, O +but O +not O +with O +the O +side O +chain O +of O +rifampicin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Frequent O +administrations O +of O +adenosine B-Chemical +triphosphate I-Chemical +after O +a O +single O +dose O +of O +ethionine O +prevented O +the O +increases O +in O +liver O +triglyceride B-Chemical +and O +serum O +AFP O +levels O +. O + +aps B-category +Tritiated O +leucine B-Chemical +was O +injected O +into O +the O +vitreous O +of O +rhesus O +monkey O +eyes O +to O +make O +it O +available O +for O +protein O +synthesis O +by O +the O +ganglion O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Fixation O +of O +the O +murine O +tumour O +explants O +in O +alcoholic O +Bouin O +after O +culture O +did O +not O +alter O +the O +radioactive O +uptake O +and O +so O +routine O +histological O +examination O +of O +the O +tissue O +can O +be O +carried O +out O +after O +counting O +, O +which O +is O +a O +major O +advantage O +over O +[ O +3H O +] O +thymidine B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +two O +growth O +tests O +, O +one O +employing O +EHRLICH O +ascites O +tumor O +cells O +in O +suspension O +culture O +, O +the O +other O +employing O +intact O +roots O +of O +wheat O +( O +Triticum O +sativum O +Lam O +) O +, O +the O +growth O +inhibiting O +action O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +( O +BLM O +) O +was O +shown O +to O +be O +intensified O +by O +human O +serum O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +mutant O +was O +also O +sensitive O +to O +ethylenediaminetetraacetic O +acid O +and O +penicillin B-Chemical +G I-Chemical +and O +intermediately O +sensitive O +to O +acriflavine B-Chemical +, O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +, O +sodium B-Chemical +deoxycholate I-Chemical +, O +actinomycin O +D O +, O +and O +lysozyme O +. O + +aps B-category +Procedures O +for O +the O +purification O +of O +catechol B-Chemical +1 O +, O +2 O +- O +dioxygenase O +from O +extracts O +of O +Acinetobacter O +calcoaceticus O +strain O +ADP O +- O +96 O +are O +described O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +enzyme O +had O +a O +broad O +substrate O +specificity O +and O +catalyzed O +the O +oxidation O +of O +catechol B-Chemical +, O +4 O +- O +methylcatechol O +, O +3 O +- O +methylcatechol O +, O +and O +3 O +- O +isopropyl O +catechol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +subunit O +size O +determined O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +- O +gel O +electrophoresis O +was O +40 O +, O +000 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +composition O +and O +spectral O +properties O +of O +1 O +, O +2 O +- O +dioxygenase O +are O +also O +presented O +. 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O + +aps B-category +After O +washing O +the O +cells O +were O +cytocentrifuged O +, O +fixed O +and O +relabeled O +with O +either O +peroxidase O +- O +( O +PO O +) O +of O +fluorescein B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +( O +Fl O +) O +conjugated O +anti O +- O +rabbit O +IgG O +antibodies O +( O +Method O +SC O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +silver B-Chemical +stains O +, O +used O +for O +some O +150 O +years O +, O +led O +to O +the O +discovery O +of O +the O +neurone O +theory O +and O +to O +contemporary O +comparative O +studies O +. O + +aps B-category +Histamine B-Chemical +( O +H O +) O +release O +and O +release O +of O +a O +slow O +reacting O +substance O +of O +anaphylaxis O +( O +SRS O +- O +A O +) O +occurred O +following O +exposure O +of O +the O +appropriate O +cells O +to O +AA O +or O +anti O +- O +IgE O +. O + +aps B-category +When O +endothelial O +cells O +were O +cultured O +with O +[ O +14C O +] O +proline O +, O +7 O +. O +1 O +% O +of O +the O +incorporated O +counts O +were O +present O +as O +[ O +14C O +] O +hydroxyproline B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Rabbit O +antisera O +to O +this O +material O +precipitated O +from O +[ O +35S O +] O +methionine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +labeled I-Chemical +detergent O +- O +solubilized O +cells O +, O +three O +proteins O +of O +39 O +, O +000 O +, O +34 O +, O +000 O +, O +and O +29 O +, O +000 O +daltons O +. O + +aps B-category +Electron O +microscopy O +of O +tobacco O +mosaic O +virus O +prepared O +with O +the O +aid O +of O +negative O +staining B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +carbon I-Chemical +film O +techniques O +. O + +aps B-category +Differential O +sensitivity O +of O +Rauscher O +murine O +leukaemia O +virus O +( O +MuLV O +- O +R O +) O +to O +interferons O +in O +two O +interferon B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +responsive I-Chemical +cell O +lines O +. O + +aps B-category +VSV O +replication O +was O +inhibited O +threefold O +( O +0 O +- O +5 O +log10 O +) O +in O +both O +cell O +lines O +by O +10 O +to O +20 O +units O +of O +interferon B-Chemical +/ O +ml O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +in O +JLS O +- O +V9R O +cells O +, O +C O +- O +type O +virus O +replication O +was O +refractory O +to O +interferon B-Chemical +at O +concentrations O +up O +to O +1 O +x O +10 O +( O +4 O +) O +units O +/ O +ml O +. O + +aps B-category +N O +- O +Acetylneuraminic O +acid O +molecules O +as O +possible O +serotonin B-Chemical +binding O +sites O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +uptake O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +( O +BLM O +) O +by O +various O +types O +of O +brain O +tumours O +after O +intravenous O +or O +intrathecal O +administration O +was O +investigated O +by O +bioassay O +in O +67 O +patients O +. 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O + +aps B-category +Techniques O +are O +described O +for O +the O +rapid O +loading O +of O +intact O +human O +red O +cells O +with O +radioactive O +isotopes O +of O +alkali B-Chemical +cations O +or O +Ca2 O ++ O +by O +using O +ionophorous O +compounds O +( O +nigericin O +, O +gramicidin O +D O +and O +A O +23187 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Seven O +patients O +with O +hyperthyroidism O +, O +diagnosed O +based O +on O +the O +determinations O +of O +BMR O +, O +131I O +- O +uptake O +, O +T3 O +- O +resin O +sponge O +uptake O +( O +T3 O +- O +RSU O +) O +, O +and O +serum O +level O +of O +thyroxine B-Chemical +( O +T4 O +) O +were O +subjected O +to O +the O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +propranolol B-Chemical +before O +( O +hyperthyroid O +state O += O +H O +) O +and O +after O +( O +euthyroid O +state O += O +E O +) O +anti O +- O +thyroid O +drug O +therapy O +. 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O + +aps B-category +The O +response O +was O +inversely O +related O +to O +the O +concentrations O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +and O +calcium B-Chemical +below O +137 O +- O +5 O +and O +0 O +- O +5 O +mM O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +No O +secretory O +response O +was O +seen O +when O +the O +cells O +were O +exposed O +for O +10 O +min O +to O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +free I-Chemical +medium O +in O +which O +lithium B-Chemical +replaced O +sodium B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +suggested O +that O +sodium B-Chemical +lack O +may O +mobilize O +calcium B-Chemical +from O +a O +cellular O +site O +possibly O +the O +inner O +aspect O +of O +the O +plasma O +membrane O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +( O +LPS O +) O +on O +anti O +- O +trinitrophenyl O +( O +TNP O +) O +direct O +plaque O +- O +forming O +cells O +( O +PFC O +) O +in O +the O +spleen O +of O +mice O +and O +the O +affinity O +of O +antibodies O +produced O +by O +these O +PFC O +were O +examined O +. O + +aps B-category +Hypothalamic O +neurons O +secreting O +vasopressin B-Chemical +and O +neurophysin O +. O + +aps B-category +Further O +analysis O +of O +the O +endogenous O +products O +by O +sucrose B-Chemical +gradient O +sedimentation O +suggested O +the O +presence O +of O +high O +molecular O +weight O +RNA O +: O +DNA O +hybrids O +generally O +felt O +to O +be O +indicative O +of O +a O +faithful O +copy O +of O +a O +lengthy O +stretch O +of O +viral O +specific O +RNA O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +molecular O +embrace O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +with O +helical O +DNA O +. O + +aps B-category +Bromocriptine B-Chemical +and O +levodopa B-Chemical +( O +with O +or O +without O +carbidopa B-Chemical +) O +in O +parkinsonism O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +a O +double O +- O +blind O +randomised O +cross O +- O +over O +study O +lasting O +6 O +months O +, O +the O +addition O +of O +bromocriptine B-Chemical +( O +mean O +daily O +dose O +79 O +mg O +) O +led O +to O +a O +significant O +( O +P O +less O +than O +0 O +. O +01 O +) O +74 O +% O +reduction O +in O +the O +dose O +of O +sinemet O +and O +levodopa B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Adverse O +reactions O +were O +similar O +to O +those O +observed O +with O +sinemet O +and O +levodopa B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +All O +cases O +were O +investigated O +by O +barium B-Chemical +meal O +, O +endoscopy O +, O +and O +oral O +cholecystography O +. O + +aps B-category +Intravenous O +injection O +of O +the O +divalent O +X O +- O +ray O +contrast B-Chemical +medium I-Chemical +ioglycamic O +acid O +( O +" O +Biligram O +" O +) O +induced O +intravascular O +precipitation O +and O +sudden O +death O +of O +a O +patient O +owing O +to O +reaction O +with O +his O +monoclonal O +macroglobulin O +. O + +aps B-category +Editorial O +: O +Methyldopa B-Chemical +hepatitis O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +reports O +on O +430 O +children O +with O +acute O +codeine B-Chemical +intoxication O +are O +evaluated O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Neutropenia O +and O +iron B-Chemical +therapy O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Effect O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +C I-Chemical +on O +cold O +- O +induced O +vasodilatation O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +oxidation O +of O +O O +- O +specific O +lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical +by O +sodium B-Chemical +periodate O +and O +its O +reduction O +by O +sodium B-Chemical +borohydride O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Preliminary O +treatment O +with O +CPC O +inhibits O +acid O +radicals O +of O +the O +heparin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +It O +can O +not O +be O +excluded O +as O +well O +, O +that O +CPC O +linked O +to O +the O +heparin B-Chemical +with O +free O +positive O +radicals O +reveals O +acidic O +- O +dye O +- O +binding O +capacity O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +average O +food O +amount O +of O +1230 O +g O +per O +day O +contained O +42 O +mug O +of O +DDT O +, O +12 O +mug O +of O +DDE O +, O +8 O +mug O +of O +DDD O +, O +and O +64 O +mug O +of O +total O +DDT O +and O +7 O +mug O +of O +lindane B-Chemical +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Using O +the O +previously O +described O +test O +method O +, O +the O +authors O +studied O +with O +the O +aid O +of O +iodine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +131 I-Chemical +labelled O +NaI O +the O +effects O +of O +daily O +doses O +of O +30 O +and O +75 O +mg O +DDT O +/ O +kg O +of O +body O +weight O +, O +and O +of O +12 O +and O +36 O +mg O +of O +lindane B-Chemical +/ O +kg O +of O +body O +weight O +on O +the O +iodine B-Chemical +and O +hormone O +metabolism O +in O +the O +rat O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +values O +for O +serum O +iodine B-Chemical +and O +protein O +- O +bound O +iodine B-Chemical +were O +reduced O +. O + +aps B-category +Lindane B-Chemical +was O +considerably O +less O +effective O +. O + +aps B-category +As O +a O +part O +of O +a O +longitudinal O +study O +to O +determine O +the O +side O +effects O +of O +oral B-Chemical +contraceptive I-Chemical +drugs O +( O +OCs O +) O +, O +protein O +electrophoresis O +studies O +were O +carried O +out O +on O +sera O +obtained O +from O +4057 O +current O +users O +of O +OCs O +, O +9774 O +nonusers O +, O +and O +624 O +women O +in O +the O +first O +trimester O +of O +pregnancy O +. O + +aps B-category +Liver O +biopsies O +of O +sixty O +patients O +with O +different O +forms O +of O +hepatitis O +and O +ten O +control O +subjects O +without O +hepatic O +disorders O +were O +examined O +by O +means O +of O +direct O +immunofluorescent O +methods O +for O +the O +HBsAg B-Chemical +, O +immunoglobulins O +, O +fibrin O +and O +C3 O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +C3 O +is O +rarely O +observed O +. O + +aps B-category +Uptake O +of O +the O +mosquito O +larvicide O +Temefos O +by O +the O +salt B-Chemical +marsh O +snail O +, O +New O +Jersey O +- O +- O +1973 O +- O +1974 O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +anti O +- O +renin O +globulins O +were O +coupled O +to O +cyanogen O +bromide B-Chemical +activated O +Sepharose O +. O + +aps B-category +Gel O +filtration O +chromatography O +or O +acrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulfate O +indicated O +that O +the O +initially O +synthesized O +peptide O +chain O +of O +[ O +14C O +] O +collagen O +had O +a O +molecular O +weight O +of O +about O +135 O +, O +000 O +; O +after O +pepsin O +digestion O +this O +was O +converted O +to O +115 O +, O +000 O +. O + +aps B-category +Antiacetylsalicylyl O +antibodies O +were O +produced O +in O +rabbits O +and O +guinea O +- O +pigs O +by O +innoculation O +of O +acetylsalicylic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +incorporated O +in O +Freund O +adjuvant O +. O + +aps B-category +Acetylsalicylyl O +conjugates O +with O +human O +gammaglobulin O +, O +bovine O +gammaglobulin O +and O +rabbit O +gammaglobulin O +were O +also O +prepared O +by O +incubating O +the O +proteins O +with O +acetylsalicylic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +at O +alkaline O +pH O +. O + +aps B-category +Alpha O +2 O +- O +macroglobulin O +and O +antithrombin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +heparin I-Chemical +cofactor O +: O +modulators O +of O +hemostatic O +and O +inflammatory O +reactions O +. O + +aps B-category +By O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +DH O +in O +women O +with O +genital O +prolapse O +and O +/ O +or O +incontinence O +persisted O +despite O +operative O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +has O +been O +demonstrated O +that O +malignant O +diseases O +of O +the O +gastrointestinal O +tract O +and O +lung O +in O +humans O +possess O +three O +characteristics O +invariably O +found O +in O +ribonucleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +tumor O +viruses O +: O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +ribonucleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +directed O +deoxyribonucleic O +acid O +polymerase O +, O +reverse O +transcriptase O +; O +a O +high O +molecular O +weight O +ribonucleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +with O +a O +sedimentation O +coefficient O +of O +70 O +Svedberg O +units O +, O +and O +particulate O +elements O +with O +densities O +of O +1 O +. O +16 O +to O +1 O +. O +18 O +grams O +per O +milliliter O +sucrose B-Chemical +gradient O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +vitro O +activities O +of O +penicillin B-Chemical +, O +ampicillin B-Chemical +, O +dihydrostreptomycin O +, O +nafcillin B-Chemical +, O +cloxacillin O +and O +commercially O +available O +combinations O +of O +these O +antibiotics O +against O +a O +variety O +of O +Gram O +- O +positive O +mastitis O +- O +causing O +micro O +- O +organisms O +were O +examined O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +combination O +with O +di O +- O +hydrostreptomycin O +, O +which O +in O +itself O +showed O +hardly O +any O +activiy O +, O +the O +activity O +of O +penicillin B-Chemical +against O +streptococci O +was O +enhanced O +considerably O +. O + +aps B-category +Nafcillin B-Chemical +was O +found O +to O +be O +much O +more O +active O +against O +streptococci O +than O +cloxacillin O +. O + +aps B-category +Against O +Streptococcus O +agalactiae O +and O +the O +most O +penicillin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +staphylococci O +, O +nafcillin B-Chemical +contributed O +clearly O +to O +the O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +Against O +penicillin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +staphylococci O +, O +the O +activity O +of O +the O +combination O +was O +mainly O +due O +to O +the O +activity O +of O +cloxacillin O +. O + +aps B-category +Four O +( O +6 O +. O +6 O +per O +cent O +) O +were O +resistant O +to O +isoniazid B-Chemical +, O +2 O +( O +3 O +. O +3 O +per O +cent O +) O +to O +PAS O +( O +1 O +also O +to O +thiacetazone O +) O +, O +and O +1 O +( O +1 O +. O +6 O +per O +cent O +) O +to O +streptomycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +In O +comparison O +to O +cold O +ethanol B-Chemical +methods O +, O +it O +is O +considerably O +less O +expensive O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +The O +effect O +of O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +penicillamine I-Chemical +on O +experimental O +allergic O +arthritis O +in O +rabbits O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +After O +40 O +days O +of O +treatment O +with O +D B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +penicillamine I-Chemical +( O +intravenous O +) O +the O +arthritis O +had O +receded O +to O +a O +large O +extent O +. O + +aps B-category +Intestinal O +absorption O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +in O +scleroderma O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +oral O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +loading O +test O +was O +performed O +in O +31 O +cases O +of O +systemic O +scleroderma O +( O +progressive O +systemic O +sclerosis O +, O +PSS O +) O +and O +3 O +cases O +of O +localized O +scleroderma O +. O + +aps B-category +Furthermore O +, O +in O +vitro O +binding O +of O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +by O +plasma O +proteins O +in O +PSS O +and O +in O +other O +skin O +diseases O +as O +controls O +was O +studied O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +other O +hand O +, O +in O +14 O +cases O +of O +severe O +, O +rapidly O +progressing O +PSS O +and O +in O +2 O +of O +3 O +cases O +of O +widespread O +linear O +scleroderma O +, O +serum O +levels O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +were O +markedly O +depressed O +after O +loading O +, O +while O +urinary O +excretion O +of O +IAA O +and O +IS O +was O +normal O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +slight O +rise O +in O +serum O +tryptophan B-Chemical +after O +loading O +in O +some O +cases O +of O +PSS O +may O +be O +a O +result O +of O +increased O +binding O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +by O +albumin O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +its O +present O +form O +the O +application O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +FU I-Chemical +cream O +is O +difficult O +to O +confine O +solely O +to O +the O +condylomata O +itself O +. O + +aps B-category +Metronidazole B-Chemical +and O +acne O +. O + +aps B-category +Comparison O +of O +desoximetasone O +and O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +butyrate O +in O +psoriasis O +. O + +aps B-category +Thirteen O +out O +of O +27 O +patients O +preferred O +desoximetasone O +, O +3 O +patients O +preferred O +hydrocortisone B-Chemical +butyrate O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +pyoderma O +disappeared O +following O +treatment O +with O +systemic O +steroid B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Detection O +of O +malignant O +tumors O +of O +the O +ORL O +region O +by O +means O +of O +technetium O +- O +labeled O +bleomycin B-Chemical +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Isolation O +of O +sensitized O +rat O +mast O +cells O +by O +density O +gradient O +centrifugation O +in O +Ficoll O +decreases O +the O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +obtained O +when O +they O +are O +subsequently O +exposed O +to O +antigen O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +the O +pure O +phospholipids O +studies O +( O +LPC O +, O +PC O +, O +PE O +, O +PI O +, O +PS O +and O +SM O +) O +only O +phosphatidylserine B-Chemical +and O +lysophosphatidylcholine O +were O +found O +to O +potentiate O +the O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Determination O +of O +hexachlorocyclohexane O +by O +direct O +titration O +with O +sodium B-Chemical +ethoxide O +in O +anhydrous O +medium O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Three O +clinico O +- O +pathological O +forms O +of O +adverse O +reactions O +received O +particular O +attention O +: O +( O +1 O +) O +Asthma O +, O +with O +or O +without O +manifestations O +of O +systemic O +anaphylaxis O +; O +( O +2 O +) O +Serum O +- O +sickness O +- O +like O +syndrome O +; O +( O +3 O +) O +Lymph O +node O +enlargement O +with O +histological O +features O +simulating O +lymphoma O +or O +Hodgkin O +' O +s O +disease O +, O +which O +occurred O +in O +patients O +receiving O +phenylbutazone B-Chemical +in O +particular O +. O + +aps B-category +Letter O +: O +Liver O +carcinoma O +and O +pyridoxine B-Chemical +deficiency O +. O + +aps B-category +Methenamine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +silver I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +stained I-Chemical +corneal O +scrapings O +in O +keratomycosis O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +depostion O +of O +this O +waste O +pigment O +is O +not O +reversible O +and O +is O +related O +to O +prolonged O +depletion O +of O +vitamin B-Chemical +E I-Chemical +. O +Progressive O +dilatation O +and O +hypomotility O +of O +the O +entire O +gastrointestinal O +tract O +are O +demonstrated O +by O +radiographic O +studies O +and O +possibly O +related O +to O +infiltrate O +of O +ceroid O +pigment O +in O +the O +smooth O +muscle O +cell O +with O +resulting O +functional O +impairment O +. O + +aps B-category +Fluorometric O +- O +colorimetric O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +analysis O +of O +actinomycins O +using O +fluorescamine O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +results O +in O +solid O +tumors O +are O +not O +encouraging O +, O +but O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +azacytidine I-Chemical +shows O +consistent O +antitumor O +activity O +in O +patients O +with O +acute O +myelogenous O +leukemia O +resistant O +to O +previous O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +additions O +to O +the O +morphological O +changes O +of O +lymphoblastic O +transformation O +, O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +thymidine I-Chemical +incorporation O +was O +stimulated O +about O +21 O +to O +67 O +fold O +in O +homologous O +system O +and O +about O +6 O +to O +39 O +in O +heterologous O +systems O +and O +unrelated O +with O +other O +virus O +system O +like O +influenza O +. O + +aps B-category +Staining O +of O +minerals O +and O +solubility O +of O +iron B-Chemical +in O +tissues O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +contrasted O +with O +idiopathic O +hemochromatosis O +and O +idiopathic O +pulmonary O +hemosiderosis O +in O +which O +the O +iron B-Chemical +containing O +organs O +had O +to O +be O +exposed O +to O +40 O +percent O +hydrochloric O +acid O +for O +two O +hours O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +less O +soluble O +iron B-Chemical +was O +golden O +yellow O +in O +unstained O +tissues O +. O + +aps B-category +Lead O +and O +copper B-Chemical +were O +capable O +of O +deposition O +in O +some O +tissues O +in O +vitro O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +iron B-Chemical +and O +/ O +or O +calcium B-Chemical +but O +not O +when O +these O +minerals O +were O +removed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +activity O +of O +capreomycin O +in O +vitro O +with O +respect O +to O +streptomycin B-Chemical +resistant O +strains O +was O +the O +same O +as O +that O +with O +respect O +to O +the O +sensitive O +strains O +, O +while O +in O +vivo O +it O +increased O +3 O +times O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +possibly O +taxonomic O +use O +of O +the O +colour O +reaction O +with O +Diazonium O +Blue O +B O +salt B-Chemical +as O +an O +affinitive O +characteristic O +is O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +Guinea O +pigs O +were O +sensitized O +to O +neomycin O +( O +A O +, O +B O +, O +or O +C O +) O +, O +paromomycin O +, O +gentamicin B-Chemical +, O +kanamycin B-Chemical +, O +streptomycin B-Chemical +, O +and O +dihydrostreptomycin O +via O +intradermal O +or O +foot O +- O +pad O +injection O +with O +an O +adjuvant O +containing O +killed O +Mycobacterium O +butyricum O +or O +M O +tuberculosis O +H37Ra O +( O +Ra O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Streptomycin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitized I-Chemical +guinea O +pigs O +seldom O +showed O +a O +meaningful O +cross O +- O +sensitization O +to O +dihydrostreptomycin O +or O +the O +other O +antibiotics O +( O +except O +neomycin O +C O +) O +; O +however O +, O +guinea O +pigs O +sensitized O +to O +dihydrostreptomycin O +or O +the O +other O +antibiotics O +often O +showed O +strong O +cross O +- O +sensitization O +to O +streptomycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Chlorpromazine O +- O +induced O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +from O +guinea O +- O +pig O +skin O +in O +vitro O +- O +- O +a O +photosensitive O +reaction O +. O + +aps B-category +Evidence O +of O +the O +presence O +of O +a O +virus O +or O +a O +viral O +genome O +was O +looked O +for O +by O +several O +methods O +of O +induction O +followed O +by O +3H B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +uridine I-Chemical +labelling O +of O +the O +cultures O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +rodent O +antiwrithing O +analgesic O +tests O +, O +butorphanol O +was O +4 O +to O +30 O +times O +more O +potent O +than O +morphine B-Chemical +and O +dl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +pentazocine I-Chemical +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +On O +the O +basis O +of O +the O +naloxone B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +mouse O +jumping O +test O +and O +the O +lack O +of O +substitution O +in O +withdrawn O +morphine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +dependent I-Chemical +mice O +, O +it O +is O +estimated O +that O +the O +potential O +for O +physical O +dependence O +of O +butorphanol O +will O +be O +less O +than O +that O +of O +dl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +pentazocine I-Chemical +but O +greater O +than O +that O +of O +nalorphine O +and O +dl O +- O +cyclazocine O +. O + +aps B-category +Thus O +, O +butorphanol O +differed O +from O +morphine B-Chemical +which O +exhibited O +agonist O +effects O +in O +a O +dose O +- O +related O +manner O +. O + +aps B-category +Of O +147 O +microorganisms O +isolated O +from O +a O +loamy O +sand O +, O +71 O +showed O +good O +growth O +with O +lindane B-Chemical +( O +gamma O +- O +1 O +, O +2 O +, O +3 O +, O +4 O +, O +5 O +, O +6 O +- O +hexachlorocyclohexane O +) O +and O +produced O +chloride B-Chemical +in O +an O +aqueous O +medium O +. O + +aps B-category +Lindane B-Chemical +was O +metabolized O +by O +the O +microbes O +to O +gamma O +- O +2 O +, O +3 O +, O +4 O +, O +5 O +, O +6 O +- O +pentachloro O +- O +1 O +- O +cyclohexene O +( O +gamma O +- O +PCCH O +) O +, O +alpha O +- O +3 O +, O +4 O +, O +5 O +, O +6 O +- O +tetrachloro O +- O +1 O +- O +cyclohexene O +( O +alpha O +- O +TCCH O +) O +, O +beta3 O +, O +4 O +, O +5 O +, O +6 O +- O +tetrachloro O +- O +1 O +- O +cyclohexene O +( O +beta O +- O +TCCH O +) O +, O +gamma O +- O +3 O +, O +4 O +, O +5 O +, O +6 O +- O +tetrachloro O +- O +1 O +- O +cyclohexene O +( O +gamma O +- O +TCCH O +) O +, O +and O +pentachlorobenzene O +( O +PCB O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +bacteria O +degraded O +each O +of O +these O +chemicals O +at O +least O +partially O +as O +indicated O +by O +an O +increased O +rate O +of O +oxygen B-Chemical +consumption O +. O + +aps B-category +Among O +the O +increasing O +number O +of O +recent O +reports O +of O +the O +use O +of O +beta B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +adrenergic I-Chemical +blocking I-Chemical +drugs I-Chemical +for O +a O +variety O +of O +psychiatric O +disorders O +is O +a O +series O +concluding O +that O +propranolol B-Chemical +hydrochloride O +is O +efficacious O +in O +the O +treatment O +of O +opiate O +dependence O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +did O +not O +effectively O +block O +heroin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +induced I-Chemical +euphoria O +in O +dependent O +or O +nondependent O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +merits O +of O +formaldehyde O +, O +formaldehyde O +- O +glutaraldehyde O +combinations O +, O +and O +glutaraldehyde O +in O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffers O +have O +been O +compared O +as O +fixatives O +that O +will O +give O +easy O +and O +satisfactory O +preservation O +of O +tissues O +for O +routine O +automated O +histologic O +processing O +and O +yet O +keep O +them O +suitable O +for O +electron O +microscopical O +studies O +after O +prolonged O +storage O +at O +room O +temperature O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +clinicopathologic O +study O +of O +eight O +human O +eyes O +containing O +intraocular O +copper B-Chemical +foreign O +bodies O +was O +undertaken O +. O + +aps B-category +Eyes O +with O +alloy O +containing O +less O +than O +85 O +% O +copper B-Chemical +showed O +more O +localized O +deposits O +of O +copper B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Influence O +of O +the O +adrenal O +glucocorticoids O +on O +the O +stimulation O +of O +synthesis O +of O +hepatic O +ribonucleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +and O +plasma O +acute O +- O +phase O +globulins O +by O +leucocytic O +endogenous O +mediator O +. O + +aps B-category +Futher O +, O +leucocyte O +factor O +will O +stimulate O +an O +increase O +rate O +of O +incorporation O +of O +orotate O +into O +hepatic O +ribosomes O +when O +added O +in O +vitro O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +cortisol B-Chemical +to O +a O +liver O +- O +perfusion O +system O +. O + +aps B-category +Cyclic O +AMP O +independent O +inhibition O +by O +papaverine B-Chemical +of O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +induced O +by O +compound O +48 O +/ O +80 O +. O + +aps B-category +Prospects O +for O +biologic O +and O +pharmacologic O +inhibition O +of O +ribonucleic B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +tumor O +viruses O +. O + +aps B-category +Attempts O +to O +perform O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +sequencing O +on O +the O +plasma O +protein O +were O +unsuccessful O +. O + +aps B-category +Estimation O +of O +human O +chorionic O +gonadotropin O +( O +HCG O +) O +, O +human O +placental O +lactogen O +( O +HPL O +) O +, O +progesterone B-Chemical +, O +oestradiol O +and O +alpha O +- O +fetoprotein O +( O +AFP O +) O +in O +serum O +were O +made O +by O +radioimmunoassays O +. O + +aps B-category +Due O +to O +individual O +and O +diurnal O +variation O +, O +however O +, O +abortion O +in O +the O +third O +and O +fourth O +month O +could O +not O +be O +definitely O +assumed O +at O +values O +above O +5 O +IU O +HCG O +/ O +ml O +, O +5 O +ng O +progesterone B-Chemical +/ O +ml O +or O +200 O +pg O +oestradiol O +/ O +ml O +. O + +aps B-category +We O +describe O +the O +preparation O +and O +purification O +of O +a O +derivative O +of O +gramicidin O +C O +in O +which O +the O +phenolic O +hydroxyl B-Chemical +of O +the O +tyrosine B-Chemical +at O +position O +11 O +has O +been O +esterified O +to O +8 O +- O +dimethylaminonaphthalene O +- O +1 O +- O +sulfonate O +( O +dansyl O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Substances O +inhibiting O +transcription O +have O +been O +isolated O +by O +ammonium B-Chemical +sulfate O +precipitation O +from O +one O +of O +the O +fractions O +produced O +during O +the O +polymerase O +purification O +. O + +aps B-category +At O +4 O +degrees O +C O +, O +switching O +can O +be O +calculated O +to O +occur O +in O +less O +than O +three O +nucleotide B-Chemical +addition O +steps O +. O + +aps B-category +Observations O +on O +the O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +inhibition O +of O +DNA O +polymerases O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +requirement O +for O +a O +phosphate B-Chemical +as O +well O +as O +aldehyde B-Chemical +moiety O +of O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +for O +inhibition O +to O +occur O +is O +clearly O +shown O +by O +the O +fact O +that O +neither O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +nor O +pyridoxamine O +phosphate B-Chemical +are O +effective O +inhibitors O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +binding O +of O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +5 O +' O +- B-Chemical +phosphate I-Chemical +to O +enzyme O +appears O +to O +be O +mediated O +through O +classical O +Schiff O +base O +formation O +between O +the O +pyridoxal B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +and O +the O +free O +amino B-Chemical +group O +( O +s O +) O +present O +at O +the O +active O +site O +of O +the O +polymerase O +protein O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +isotherms O +of O +the O +binding O +of O +[ O +125I O +] O +diiodo O +- O +alpha O +- O +bungarotoxin O +over O +the O +range O +of O +10 O +( O +- O +10 O +) O +- O +10 O +( O +- O +5 O +) O +M O +toxin O +have O +been O +separated O +into O +a O +" O +nonspecific O +" O +component O +exclusive O +to O +the O +toxin O +and O +a O +" O +specific O +" O +component O +that O +binds O +both O +the O +toxin O +and O +d B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tubocurarine I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +[ O +3H O +] O +dihydrostreptomycin O +binding O +to O +ribosomes O +could O +not O +exchanged O +with O +streptomycin B-Chemical +or O +dihydrostreptomycin O +, O +but O +not O +with O +unrelated O +antibiotics O +, O +namely O +, O +kanamycin B-Chemical +, O +neomycin O +, O +spectinomycin O +, O +capreomycin O +, O +tuberactinomycin O +- O +N O +, O +chloramphenicol B-Chemical +and O +erythromycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Osmium O +tetroxide O +and O +cholesterol B-Chemical +, O +codeposited O +at O +- O +100 O +degrees O +C O +, O +began O +to O +react O +at O +- O +70 O +degrees O +C O +, O +and O +Os O +( O +VI O +) O +was O +formed O +. O + +aps B-category +However O +, O +osmium O +tetroxide O +applied O +in O +phosphate B-Chemical +buffer O +( O +pH O +7 O +. O +2 O +) O +gave O +rise O +to O +large O +proportions O +of O +Os O +( O +IV O +) O +and O +Os O +( O +III O +) O +species O +in O +addition O +to O +Os O +( O +VI O +) O +compounds O +. O + +aps B-category +Os O +( O +VI O +) O +and O +Os O +( O +IV O +) O +could O +be O +present O +as O +osmate O +esters O +and O +osmium O +dioxide O +, O +respectively O +; O +Os O +( O +III O +) O +could O +be O +present O +as O +an O +oxo O +- O +or O +amino B-Chemical +complex O +( O +es O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +Galactosyltransferase O +which O +catalyzes O +the O +transfer O +from O +UDP B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +galactose I-Chemical +to O +either O +endogeneous O +glycoproteins O +, O +free O +N O +- O +acetylglucosamine O +or O +N O +- O +acetylglucosaminyl O +residues O +in O +the O +carbohydrate O +portion O +of O +glycoproteins O +, O +or O +to O +glucose B-Chemical +when O +alpha O +- O +lactalbumin O +is O +added O +, O +occurs O +in O +human O +milk O +fat O +globule O +membranes O +. O + +aps B-category +Proteins O +were O +extracted O +from O +cornified O +cells O +of O +newborn O +rats O +and O +human O +palm O +with O +8 O +M O +urea B-Chemical +containing O +0 O +. O +1 O +M O +beta O +- O +mercaptoethanol O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +fresh O +serum O +this O +oxidation O +step O +may O +be O +performed O +by O +ceruloplasmin O +or O +molecular O +oxygen B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Preincubation O +with O +alanine B-Chemical +for O +1 O +h O +also O +diminishes O +aminoisobutyrate O +uptake O +when O +the O +alanine B-Chemical +is O +removed O +. O + +aps B-category +Transport O +of O +aminoisobutyrate O +rapidly O +declines O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +cycloheximide B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +two O +isozymes O +of O +choline B-Chemical +acetyltransferase O +( O +Acetyl O +- O +CoA O +: O +choline B-Chemical +O O +- O +acetyltransferase O +, O +EC O +2 O +. O +3 O +. O +1 O +. O +6 O +) O +from O +head O +ganglia O +of O +Loligo O +pealei O +have O +been O +examined O +by O +polyacrylamide O +gel O +electrophoresis O +, O +gel O +chromatography O +, O +and O +equilibrium O +sedimentation O +in O +the O +ultracentrifuge O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +staining O +method O +was O +developed O +to O +visualize O +choline B-Chemical +acetyltransferase O +activity O +in O +acrylamide O +gels O +. O + +aps B-category +RNA O +extracted O +from O +each O +kind O +is O +analysed O +on O +sucrose B-Chemical +gradients O +: O +one O +half O +of O +each O +fraction O +is O +precipitated O +by O +TCA O +to O +estimate O +total O +radioactivity O +, O +the O +other O +is O +retained O +on O +millipore O +at O +high O +salt B-Chemical +concentration O +to O +estimate O +radioactivity O +in O +messenger O +- O +like O +RNAs O +due O +to O +their O +poly O +- O +A O +sequences O +. O + +aps B-category +Alpha O +- O +foetoprotein O +and O +oestrogen B-Chemical +metabolism O +. O + +aps B-category +Rat O +alpha O +- O +foetoprotein O +( O +AFP O +) O +was O +shown O +to O +inhibit O +the O +formation O +of O +water O +soluble O +metabolities O +of O +oestrone O +and O +oestradiol O +by O +incubation O +with O +microsomes O +from O +rat O +liver O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +NADPH B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +HBsAg B-Chemical +was O +found O +in O +61 O +. O +2 O +% O +of O +165 O +cases O +of O +PLC O +, O +as O +compared O +to O +11 O +. O +7 O +% O +of O +154 O +OCC O +and O +11 O +. O +3 O +% O +of O +328 O +NCC O +. O + +aps B-category +Mesangial O +cell O +dysfunction O +detected O +by O +accumulation O +of O +aggregated O +protein O +in O +rats O +with O +streptozotocin B-Chemical +induced O +diabetes O +. O + +aps B-category +Similar O +impairment O +was O +produced O +by O +high O +dose O +cortisone O +and O +growth O +hormone O +, O +whereas O +oestrogen B-Chemical +had O +a O +stimulant O +effect O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +supposed O +that O +along O +with O +the O +beta O +- O +adrenoreceptor O +block O +the O +antiarrhythmic O +effect O +of O +alpheprol O +was O +also O +caused O +by O +quinidine B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +like I-Chemical +action O +of O +the O +preparation O +. O + +aps B-category +If O +[ O +3H O +] O +uridine B-Chemical +is O +injected O +into O +the O +eyes O +of O +goldfish O +during O +optic O +nerve O +regeneration O +, O +then O +the O +return O +of O +fibers O +to O +the O +optic O +tectum O +is O +accompanied O +by O +the O +appearance O +of O +[ O +3H O +] O +RNA O +in O +the O +tectum O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +order O +to O +characterize O +the O +radioactive O +tectal O +RNA O +in O +these O +experiments O +, O +we O +have O +crushed O +the O +optic O +nerves O +of O +15 O +fish O +, O +and O +18 O +days O +later O +injected O +[ O +3H O +] O +uridine B-Chemical +into O +both O +eyes O +. O + +aps B-category +Effects O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +on O +human O +tongue O +carcinoma O +cells O +as O +revealed O +by O +electron O +microscopy O +. O + +aps B-category +Subsequently O +, O +numerous O +nuclear O +bodies O +appeared O +in O +the O +nucleoplasm O +, O +which O +were O +observed O +for O +the O +first O +time O +in O +human O +tongue O +carcinoma O +cell O +nuclei O +in O +cases O +of O +bleomycin B-Chemical +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +synthesis O +of O +the O +male O +rat O +hepatic O +protein O +alpha2U O +- O +globulin O +has O +been O +examined O +in O +Morris O +hepatoma O +5123D O +and O +male O +host O +liver O +using O +pulse O +incorporation O +of O +labeled O +amino B-Chemical +acids I-Chemical +in O +vivo O +, O +followed O +by O +immunoprecipitation O +of O +the O +newly O +synthesized O +alpha2U O +- O +globulin O +from O +the O +soluble O +protein O +fraction O +of O +liver O +and O +hepatoma O +tissue O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +sequential O +tumor O +biopsies O +from O +a O +melanoma O +patient O +on O +methotrexate B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +citrovorum I-Chemical +factor O +rescue O +therapy O +showed O +no O +changes O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +contrast B-Chemical +, O +no O +recovery O +similar O +to O +that O +of O +the O +bone O +marrow O +was O +seen O +in O +tumor O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +Single O +- O +strand O +scission O +and O +repair O +of O +DNA O +in O +mammalian O +cells O +by O +bleomycin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +production O +and O +repair O +of O +DNA O +single O +- O +strand O +breaks O +after O +bleomycin B-Chemical +treatment O +were O +the O +same O +in O +normal O +human O +and O +xeroderma O +pigmentosum O +fibroblasts O +, O +indicating O +that O +these O +events O +do O +not O +require O +the O +excision O +endonuclease O +that O +appears O +to O +be O +defective O +in O +these O +ultraviolet O +light O +- O +sensitive O +xeroderma O +cells O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +susceptibility O +of O +cultured O +L1210 O +cells O +to O +bleomycin B-Chemical +was O +investigated O +as O +a O +function O +of O +pH O +of O +the O +medium O +, O +and O +was O +compared O +with O +DNA O +damage O +measured O +by O +alkaline O +elution O +. O + +aps B-category +Clinical O +trials O +with O +BCNU B-Chemical +( O +NSC O +- O +409962 O +) O +in O +malignant O +lymphomas O +by O +the O +Eastern O +Cooperative O +Oncology O +Group O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +intracellular O +localization O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +by O +means O +of O +cytochemical O +techniques O +was O +studied O +in O +smooth O +muscle O +cells O +of O +mouse O +intestine O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +active O +ATP O +- O +dependent O +accumulation O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +into O +cell O +structures O +was O +investigated O +by O +the O +oxalate O +method O +( O +Heumann O +and O +Zebe O +, O +1967 O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +results O +are O +discussed O +in O +relation O +to O +the O +role O +of O +calcium B-Chemical +in O +the O +control O +of O +muscle O +activity O +during O +the O +contraction O +- O +relaxation O +cycle O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Effect O +of O +two O +insecticides O +, O +lindane B-Chemical +and O +DDVP O +( O +dichlorvos O +) O +on O +mouse O +adrenal O +glands O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +significant O +weight O +increase O +of O +the O +glands O +is O +observed O +while O +Norepinephrine B-Chemical +and O +Epinephrine B-Chemical +content O +is O +depleted O +after O +Dichlorvos O +intoxication O +. O + +aps B-category +Before O +the O +drug O +culture O +barbiturate B-Chemical +/ O +amphetamine B-Chemical +abuse O +in O +American O +society O +. O + +aps B-category +Human O +metaphase O +chromosomes O +were O +stained O +with O +silver B-Chemical +following O +a O +pretreatment O +with O +a O +heated O +alkaline O +solution O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +evidence O +indicates O +that O +the O +negative O +silver B-Chemical +binding O +is O +due O +to O +the O +preferential O +removal O +or O +alteration O +of O +non O +- O +histone O +proteins O +associated O +with O +these O +regions O +. O + +aps B-category +Convulsive O +activity O +was O +induced O +in O +functionally O +decapitate O +cat O +preparations O +by O +topical O +and O +by O +systemic O +administration O +of O +toxic O +amounts O +of O +penicillin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Paroxysmal O +activity O +in O +ventral O +roots O +induced O +by O +penicillin B-Chemical +in O +decapitate O +cat O +spinal O +cords O +is O +associated O +with O +waves O +of O +depolarization O +of O +primary O +afferent O +fiber O +terminals O +. O + +aps B-category +While O +blocking O +afferent O +- O +evoked O +DRPs O +, O +picrotoxin B-Chemical +does O +not O +interfere O +with O +paroxysmal O +DRP O +' O +S O +, O +INDICATING O +DIFFERENCES O +IN O +THE O +GENERATION O +OF O +THE O +Two O +phenomena O +, O +which O +nevertheless O +have O +some O +link O +in O +common O +, O +for O +the O +paroxysmal O +waves O +occlude O +the O +evoked O +DRP O +. O + +aps B-category +Extracellular O +potassium B-Chemical +activity O +within O +spinal O +gray O +matter O +transiently O +increases O +during O +seizure O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +and O +several O +other O +observations O +suggest O +that O +in O +decapitate O +spinal O +cords O +systemically O +administered O +penicillin B-Chemical +induces O +seizures O +which O +originate O +in O +the O +ventral O +gray O +matter O +. O + +aps B-category +Excess O +potassium B-Chemical +while O +not O +playing O +a O +principal O +role O +in O +initiating O +seizures O +, O +may O +influence O +the O +course O +of O +seizures O +by O +depolarizing O +afferent O +terminals O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +cerebral O +oxygen B-Chemical +uptake O +( O +CMRO2 O +) O +was O +calculated O +from O +the O +arteriovenous O +oxygen B-Chemical +difference O +between O +samples O +from O +the O +internal O +carotid O +artery O +and O +the O +jugular O +bulb O +respectively O +, O +and O +from O +measurement O +of O +cerebral O +blood O +flow O +with O +the O +133Xenon O +clearance O +method O +. O + +aps B-category +Visual O +evoked O +potential O +( O +VEPs O +) O +and O +visual O +excitability O +cycles O +( O +VECs O +) O +were O +studied O +during O +compression O +in O +an O +oxygen B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +helium I-Chemical +breathing O +mixture O +, O +up O +to O +a O +pressure O +of O +62 O +ATA O +, O +equivalent O +to O +a O +depth O +of O +610 O +m O +in O +sea O +water O +( O +Physalie O +VI O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +effect O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +on O +normal O +physiologic O +tremor O +. O + +aps B-category +It O +is O +possible O +that O +the O +effect O +on O +tremor O +is O +due O +to O +the O +formation O +of O +a O +highly O +specific O +centrally O +acting O +metabolite O +of O +propranolol B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +acute O +pharmacological O +effects O +of O +melatonin B-Chemical +( O +5 O +- O +methoxy O +- O +N O +- O +acetyl O +- O +tryptamine O +) O +were O +evaluated O +on O +behaviour O +and O +electrographic O +signs O +in O +the O +photosensitive O +baboon O +( O +Papio O +papio O +) O +, O +including O +visually O +evoked O +potentials O +VEPs O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +These O +effects O +lasted O +for O +2 O +- O +4 O +h O +. O +The O +participation O +of O +serotoninergic O +mechanisms O +involved O +in O +melatonin B-Chemical +effect O +and O +in O +this O +model O +of O +experimental O +epilepsy O +are O +discussed O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +administration O +of O +a O +convulsant O +dose O +of O +penicillin B-Chemical +enhanced O +the O +transmission O +of O +monosynaptic O +reflexes O +in O +spinal O +cords O +in O +which O +reflex O +transmission O +was O +feeble O +before O +the O +drug O +treatment O +, O +but O +it O +had O +little O +effect O +in O +cords O +where O +monosynaptic O +reflexes O +were O +powerful O +to O +begin O +with O +. O + +aps B-category +Polysynaptic O +reflexes O +were O +invariably O +enhanced O +by O +convulsant O +amounts O +of O +penicillin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Recurrent O +inhibition O +was O +partially O +suppressed O +in O +spinal O +cords O +treated O +with O +penicillin B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +Ketamine B-Chemical +was O +administered O +to O +18 O +baboons O +( O +Papio O +papio O +) O +to O +disrupt O +epileptic O +discharges O +elicited O +through O +intracarotid O +air O +injection O +. O + +aps B-category +Human O +sleep O +and O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HTP I-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +On O +account O +of O +the O +conflicting O +data O +concerning O +the O +action O +of O +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HTP I-Chemical +on O +human O +sleep O +, O +repeated O +high O +doses O +were O +administered O +to O +three O +healthy O +subjects O +. O + +aps B-category +Diazepam B-Chemical +modification O +of O +evoked O +and O +spontaneous O +lateral O +geniculate O +activity O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +the O +majority O +of O +P O +cells O +tested O +both O +spontaneous O +and O +evoked O +activity O +were O +suppressed O +following O +diazepam B-Chemical +treatment O +with O +these O +effects O +being O +altered O +little O +by O +a O +pentylenetetrazol B-Chemical +( O +Metrazol O +) O +challenge O +. O + +aps B-category +I O +cell O +spontaneous O +activity O +was O +suppressed O +by O +diazepam B-Chemical +and O +augmented O +by O +the O +Metrazol O +challenge O +; O +however O +, O +post O +- O +stimulus O +activity O +was O +relatively O +unaffected O +by O +either O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +androgen B-Chemical +concentration O +within O +both O +types O +of O +glands O +was O +nearly O +4 O +- O +fold O +that O +in O +the O +blood O +but O +bore O +no O +direct O +relationship O +to O +the O +blood O +level O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +most O +striking O +finding O +was O +that O +, O +in O +spite O +of O +a O +25 O +. O +5 O +% O +less O +concentrated O +pool O +of O +apparent O +free O +testosterone B-Chemical +in O +the O +blood O +, O +the O +level O +of O +T O +and O +its O +metabolites O +in O +the O +cancer O +tissue O +was O +29 O +% O +above O +that O +in O +the O +samples O +of O +benign O +hypertrophic O +prostate O +. O + +aps B-category +Paromomycin O +binds O +specifically O +to O +a O +single O +type O +of O +binding O +site O +on O +the O +70 O +- O +S O +streptomycin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sensitive I-Chemical +Escherichia O +coli O +ribosome O +. O + +aps B-category +Paromomycin O +binding O +, O +unlike O +dihydrostreptomycin O +binding O +, O +is O +independent O +of O +changes O +in O +ribosome O +concentration O +but O +influenced O +by O +magnesium B-Chemical +ion O +concentration O +. O + +aps B-category +This O +induction O +does O +not O +occur O +with O +streptomycin B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +resistant I-Chemical +ribosomes O +. O + +aps B-category +Neither O +gentamicin B-Chemical +nor O +kanamycin B-Chemical +derivatives O +, O +which O +induce O +a O +high O +level O +of O +misreading O +, O +nor O +kasugamycin O +and O +spectinomycin O +, O +which O +do O +not O +induce O +misreading O +, O +compete O +for O +paromomycin O +or O +dihydrostreptomycin O +binding O +sites O +. O + +aps B-category +Dipeptides O +L O +- O +phenylalanyl O +- O +proline O +, O +D O +- O +phenylalanyl O +- O +proline O +, O +prolyl O +- O +valine O +, O +valyl O +- O +lysine O +, O +lysyl B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +leucine I-Chemical +and O +leucyl O +- O +phenylalanine O +, O +derived O +from O +the O +sequence O +of O +gramicidin O +S O +, O +are O +substrates O +of O +the O +gramicidin O +S O +synthetase O +. O + +aps B-category +Time O +course O +of O +loss O +of O +dietary O +feedback O +control O +of O +cholesterol B-Chemical +synthesis O +during O +carcinogen O +treatment O +. O + +aps B-category +A O +suspension O +of O +granulocytes O +from O +calves O +sensitised O +to O +horse O +plasma O +released O +histamine B-Chemical +when O +exposed O +to O +the O +antigen O +. O + +aps B-category +5 B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +HT I-Chemical +is O +known O +to O +be O +released O +from O +bovine O +lungs O +in O +vitro O +, O +and O +may O +regulate O +the O +release O +of O +histamine B-Chemical +in O +vivo O +during O +anaphylaxis O +. O + +aps B-category +Influence O +of O +steroid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +receptor I-Chemical +complexes O +on O +transcription O +by O +human O +hypertrophied O +prostatic O +RNA O +polymerases O +. O + +aps B-category +5alpha O +- O +Dihydrotestoterone O +- O +receptor O +complexes O +were O +transferred O +into O +prostatic O +chromatin O +both O +steroid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +and O +tissue O +- O +specifically O +. O + +aps B-category +With O +a O +number O +of O +specimens O +, O +however O +, O +there O +was O +considerable O +variation O +in O +accessible O +cytoplasmic O +receptor O +sites O +, O +uptake O +of O +steroid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +receptor I-Chemical +complexes O +by O +chromatin O +preparations O +, O +the O +template O +activity O +of O +the O +chromatin O +and O +its O +response O +to O +steroid B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +receptor I-Chemical +stimulation O +. O + +aps B-category +Cellular O +localization O +of O +intestinal O +calcium B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +binding I-Chemical +protein O +in O +pig O +duodenum O +. O + +aps B-category +Our O +studies O +lend O +support O +to O +the O +hypothesis O +that O +CaBP O +may O +function O +in O +intracellular O +calcium B-Chemical +transport O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +titers O +of O +hepatitis B-Chemical +B I-Chemical +surface I-Chemical +antigen I-Chemical +( O +HBsAg B-Chemical +) O +were O +found O +to O +decrease O +by O +greater O +than O +50 O +% O +before O +death O +. O + +aps B-category +Influence O +of O +bovine O +TSH O +on O +plasma O +thyroxine B-Chemical +levels O +and O +thyroid O +function O +in O +brook O +trout O +, O +Salvelinus O +fontinalis O +( O +Mitchill O +) O +. O + +aps B-category +In O +this O +paper O +the O +reaction O +of O +tryptophan B-Chemical +2 O +, O +3 O +- O +dioxygenase O +is O +further O +analyzed O +. O + +aps B-category +Under O +these O +conditions O +an O +induction O +of O +the O +enzyme O +can O +already O +be O +registered O +in O +the O +presence O +of O +12 O +. O +5 O +mg O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +/ O +kg O +. O + +aps B-category +3 O +) O +Experiments O +with O +antibodies O +in O +animals O +treated O +with O +a O +low O +dosis O +of O +cortisone O +show O +that O +L B-Chemical +- I-Chemical +tryptophan I-Chemical +acts O +mainly O +via O +enzyme O +degradation O +or O +the O +saturation O +with O +the O +coenzyme O +hematin O +, O +respectively O +. O + +aps B-category +Immunochemical O +study O +of O +DNA O +modified O +by O +aminomethylol O +amino B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +derivatives O +. O + +aps B-category +Sensitized O +bovine O +granulocytes O +release O +histamine B-Chemical +when O +exposed O +to O +specific O +antigen O +. O + +aps B-category +Adrenaline B-Chemical +, O +which O +is O +generally O +considered O +to O +be O +a O +physiological O +antagonist O +of O +the O +anaphylactic O +reaction O +, O +potentiated O +histamine B-Chemical +release O +in O +this O +study O +. O + +aps B-category +[ O +Blood O +regeneration O +after O +blood O +substitution O +with O +dextran B-Chemical +60 O +or O +hydroxyethyl O +starch O +of O +an O +identical O +volume O +] O +. O + +aps B-category +Two O +clones O +, O +NB O +- O +2A O +and O +N O +- O +4 O +, O +could O +be O +induced O +by O +treatment O +with O +5 O +- O +iododeoxyuridine O +and O +dexamethasone B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +to O +produce O +B O +- O +tropic O +type O +- O +C O +virus O +, O +but O +clone O +N O +- O +18 O +failed O +to O +release O +either O +ecotropic O +or O +xenotropic O +virus O +under O +several O +different O +induction O +conditions O +. O + +aps B-category +Dissociation O +and O +denaturation O +behaviour O +of O +sesame O +alpha O +- O +globulin O +in O +sodium B-Chemical +dodecyl O +sulphate O +solution O +. O + +aps B-category +The O +difference O +spectrum O +of O +the O +protein O +indicates O +that O +both O +tryptophan B-Chemical +and O +tyrosine B-Chemical +groups O +have O +been O +affected O +by O +the O +detergent O +. O + +aps B-category +Uptake O +and O +scintiscanning O +of O +the O +prostate O +with O +131I O +- O +labeled O +estradiol B-Chemical +phosphate B-Chemical +. O + +aps B-category +The O +oral O +treatment O +of O +groups O +of O +aged O +BIO O +87 O +. O +20 O +male O +hamsters O +, O +an O +inbred O +line O +of O +Syrian O +hamsters O +that O +develops O +spontaneous O +cystic O +prostatic O +hypertrophy O +, O +with O +either O +the O +heptaene O +macrolide B-Chemical +, O +candicidin O +, O +or O +the O +bile B-Chemical +acid I-Chemical +- I-Chemical +sequestering I-Chemical +anion O +exchange O +resin O +, O +colestipol O +, O +resulted O +in O +a O +significant O +reduction O +of O +prostate O +size O +and O +weight O +. O diff --git a/modeling_bert.py b/modeling_bert.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f87078c --- /dev/null +++ b/modeling_bert.py @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +from transformers import BertPreTrainedModel,BertForTokenClassification +import torch +import torch.nn as nn +from torch.nn import CrossEntropyLoss, KLDivLoss + +class BERTForTokenClassification_v2(BertForTokenClassification): + + def forward(self, input_ids=None, attention_mask=None, token_type_ids=None, + position_ids=None, head_mask=None, inputs_embeds=None, labels=None, label_mask=None): + + outputs = self.bert(input_ids, + attention_mask=attention_mask, + token_type_ids=token_type_ids, + position_ids=position_ids, + head_mask=head_mask, + inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds) + + sequence_output = outputs[0] + + sequence_output = self.dropout(sequence_output) + logits = self.classifier(sequence_output) + + outputs = (logits,sequence_output) + outputs[2:] # add hidden states and attention if they are here + if labels is not None: + + # Only keep active parts of the loss + if attention_mask is not None or label_mask is not None: + active_loss = True + if attention_mask is not None: + active_loss = attention_mask.view(-1) == 1 + if label_mask is not None: + active_loss = active_loss & label_mask.view(-1) + active_logits = logits.view(-1, self.num_labels)[active_loss] + + + if labels.shape == logits.shape: + loss_fct = KLDivLoss() + if attention_mask is not None or label_mask is not None: + active_labels = labels.view(-1, self.num_labels)[active_loss] + loss = loss_fct(active_logits, active_labels) + else: + loss = loss_fct(logits, labels) + else: + loss_fct = CrossEntropyLoss() + if attention_mask is not None or label_mask is not None: + active_labels = labels.view(-1)[active_loss] + loss = loss_fct(active_logits, active_labels) + else: + loss = loss_fct(logits.view(-1, self.num_labels), labels.view(-1)) + + + outputs = (loss,) + outputs + return outputs # (loss), scores, (hidden_states), (attentions) diff --git a/run_ner.py b/run_ner.py index 9b7cb4f..f9e6072 100644 --- a/run_ner.py +++ b/run_ner.py @@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ ) from modeling_roberta import RobertaForTokenClassification_v2 +from modeling_bert import BERTForTokenClassification_v2 from data_utils import load_and_cache_examples, get_labels from model_utils import mt_update, get_mt_loss, opt_grad from eval import evaluate @@ -73,7 +74,8 @@ ) MODEL_CLASSES = { - "bert": (BertConfig, BertForTokenClassification, BertTokenizer), + "bert": (BertConfig, BERTForTokenClassification_v2, BertTokenizer), + "biobert": (BertConfig, BERTForTokenClassification_v2, BertTokenizer), "roberta": (RobertaConfig, RobertaForTokenClassification_v2, RobertaTokenizer), "distilbert": (DistilBertConfig, DistilBertForTokenClassification, DistilBertTokenizer), "camembert": (CamembertConfig, CamembertForTokenClassification, CamembertTokenizer), @@ -162,15 +164,18 @@ def train(args, train_dataset, model, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id): steps_trained_in_current_epoch = 0 # Check if continuing training from a checkpoint if os.path.exists(args.model_name_or_path): - # set global_step to gobal_step of last saved checkpoint from model path - global_step = int(args.model_name_or_path.split("-")[-1].split("/")[0]) - epochs_trained = global_step // (len(train_dataloader) // args.gradient_accumulation_steps) - steps_trained_in_current_epoch = global_step % (len(train_dataloader) // args.gradient_accumulation_steps) - - logger.info(" Continuing training from checkpoint, will skip to saved global_step") - logger.info(" Continuing training from epoch %d", epochs_trained) - logger.info(" Continuing training from global step %d", global_step) - logger.info(" Will skip the first %d steps in the first epoch", steps_trained_in_current_epoch) + try: + # set global_step to gobal_step of last saved checkpoint from model path + global_step = int(args.model_name_or_path.split("-")[-1].split("/")[0]) + epochs_trained = global_step // (len(train_dataloader) // args.gradient_accumulation_steps) + steps_trained_in_current_epoch = global_step % (len(train_dataloader) // args.gradient_accumulation_steps) + + logger.info(" Continuing training from checkpoint, will skip to saved global_step") + logger.info(" Continuing training from epoch %d", epochs_trained) + logger.info(" Continuing training from global step %d", global_step) + logger.info(" Will skip the first %d steps in the first epoch", steps_trained_in_current_epoch) + except: + logger.warning(f"Unable to recover training step from {args.model_name_or_path}") tr_loss, logging_loss = 0.0, 0.0 model.zero_grad() @@ -198,9 +203,10 @@ def train(args, train_dataset, model, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id): #inputs = {"input_ids": batch[0], "attention_mask": batch[1], "labels": batch[4]} if args.model_type != "distilbert": inputs["token_type_ids"] = ( - batch[2] if args.model_type in ["bert", "xlnet"] else None + batch[2] if args.model_type in ["bert", "biobert", "xlnet"] else None ) # XLM and RoBERTa don"t use segment_ids + # import ipdb; ipdb.set_trace() outputs = model(**inputs) loss, logits, final_embeds = outputs[0], outputs[1], outputs[2] # model outputs are always tuple in pytorch-transformers (see doc) mt_loss, vat_loss = 0, 0 @@ -236,7 +242,7 @@ def train(args, train_dataset, model, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id): if args.model_type in ["roberta", "camembert", "xlmroberta"]: word_embed = model.roberta.get_input_embeddings() - elif args.model_type == "bert": + elif args.model_type in ["bert", "biobert"]: word_embed = model.bert.get_input_embeddings() elif args.model_type == "distilbert": word_embed = model.distilbert.get_input_embeddings() @@ -251,7 +257,7 @@ def train(args, train_dataset, model, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id): vat_inputs = {"inputs_embeds": vat_embeds, "attention_mask": batch[1], "labels": batch[3]} if args.model_type != "distilbert": inputs["token_type_ids"] = ( - batch[2] if args.model_type in ["bert", "xlnet"] else None + batch[2] if args.model_type in ["bert", "biobert", "xlnet"] else None ) # XLM and RoBERTa don"t use segment_ids vat_outputs = model(**vat_inputs) @@ -275,7 +281,7 @@ def train(args, train_dataset, model, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id): vat_inputs = {"inputs_embeds": vat_embeds, "attention_mask": batch[1], "labels": batch[3]} if args.model_type != "distilbert": inputs["token_type_ids"] = ( - batch[2] if args.model_type in ["bert", "xlnet"] else None + batch[2] if args.model_type in ["bert", "biobert", "xlnet"] else None ) # XLM and RoBERTa don"t use segment_ids vat_outputs = model(**vat_inputs) @@ -514,6 +520,12 @@ def main(): parser.add_argument('--vat_loss_type', default="logits", type=str, help="subject to measure model difference, choices = [embeds, logits(default)].") + # Use data from weak.json + parser.add_argument('--load_weak', action="store_true", help = 'Load data from weak.json.') + parser.add_argument('--remove_labels_from_weak', action="store_true", help = 'Use data from weak.json, and remove their labels for semi-supervised learning') + parser.add_argument('--rep_train_against_weak', type = int, default = 1, help = 'Upsampling training data again weak data. Default: 1') + + args = parser.parse_args() if ( @@ -609,6 +621,11 @@ def main(): # Training if args.do_train: train_dataset = load_and_cache_examples(args, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id, mode="train") + # import ipdb; ipdb.set_trace() + if args.load_weak: + weak_dataset = load_and_cache_examples(args, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id, mode="weak", remove_labels=args.remove_labels_from_weak) + train_dataset = torch.utils.data.ConcatDataset([train_dataset]*args.rep_train_against_weak + [weak_dataset,]) + global_step, tr_loss, best_dev, best_test = train(args, train_dataset, model, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id) logger.info(" global_step = %s, average loss = %s", global_step, tr_loss) diff --git a/semi_script/README.md b/semi_script/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..db4da59 --- /dev/null +++ b/semi_script/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +## 1. Data Format + +Strongly labeled: +`dev.txt` +`test.txt` +`train.txt` + +Weakly labeled: +`weak.txt` + +Transform into json, e.g., see `dataset/BC5CDR-chem/turn.py` + +## 2. Train Baseline + +```bash +sh ./semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_basline.sh GPUTIDS +``` +where GPUTIDS are the ids of gpus, e.g., `sh ./semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_basline.sh 0,1,2,3` + +## 3. Semi Supervised Learning + +**Mean Teacher** +```bash +sh ./semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_mt.sh GPUTIDS +``` +additional parameters: +1. change `MODEL_NAME` to the baseline model +2. `--mt 1` for enabling mean teacher +3. `--load_weak` and `--remove_labels_from_weak ` for loading data from weak.json and remove their labels. +4. `--rep_train_against_weak N` for upsampling strongly labeled data by `N` times. + +Other parameters +``` +parser.add_argument('--mt', type = int, default = 0, help = 'mean teacher.') +parser.add_argument('--mt_updatefreq', type=int, default=1, help = 'mean teacher update frequency') +parser.add_argument('--mt_class', type=str, default="kl", help = 'mean teacher class, choices:[smart, prob, logit, kl(default), distill].') +parser.add_argument('--mt_lambda', type=float, default=1, help= "trade off parameter of the consistent loss.") +parser.add_argument('--mt_rampup', type=int, default=300, help="rampup iteration.") +parser.add_argument('--mt_alpha1', default=0.99, type=float, help="moving average parameter of mean teacher (for the exponential moving average).") +parser.add_argument('--mt_alpha2', default=0.995, type=float, help="moving average parameter of mean teacher (for the exponential moving average).") +parser.add_argument('--mt_beta', default=10, type=float, help="coefficient of mt_loss term.") +parser.add_argument('--mt_avg', default="exponential", type=str, help="moving average method, choices:[exponentail(default), simple, double_ema].") +parser.add_argument('--mt_loss_type', default="logits", type=str, help="subject to measure model difference, choices:[embeds, logits(default)].") +``` + + +**VAT** +```bash +sh ./semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_vat.sh GPUTIDS +``` +additional parameters: +1. change `MODEL_NAME` to the baseline model +2. `--vat 1` for enabling mean teacher +3. `--load_weak` and `--remove_labels_from_weak ` for loading data from weak.json and remove their labels. +4. `--rep_train_against_weak N` for upsampling strongly labeled data by `N` times. + +Other parameters +``` +# virtual adversarial training +parser.add_argument('--vat', type = int, default = 0, help = 'virtual adversarial training.') +parser.add_argument('--vat_eps', type = float, default = 1e-3, help = 'perturbation size for virtual adversarial training.') +parser.add_argument('--vat_lambda', type = float, default = 1, help = 'trade off parameter for virtual adversarial training.') +parser.add_argument('--vat_beta', type = float, default = 1, help = 'coefficient of the virtual adversarial training loss term.') +parser.add_argument('--vat_loss_type', default="logits", type=str, help="subject to measure model difference, choices = [embeds, logits(default)].") +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_baseline.sh b/semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_baseline.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..813b894 --- /dev/null +++ b/semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_baseline.sh @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +#!/bin/bash + +if [[ $# -ne 1 ]]; then + GPUID=0 +else + GPUID=$1 +fi + +echo "Run on GPU $GPUID" + +# data +PROJECT_ROOT=$(dirname "$(readlink -f "$0")")/.. +DATA_ROOT=$PROJECT_ROOT/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/ + +# model +MODEL_TYPE=bert +MODEL_NAME=dmis-lab/biobert-base-cased-v1.1 + +# params +LR=1e-5 +WEIGHT_DECAY=1e-4 +EPOCH=25 +SEED=0 + +ADAM_EPS=1e-8 +ADAM_BETA1=0.9 +ADAM_BETA2=0.98 +WARMUP=200 + +TRAIN_BATCH=64 +EVAL_BATCH=64 + +# output +OUTPUT=$PROJECT_ROOT/outputs/BC5CDR-chem/baseline/${MODEL_TYPE}_${EPOCH}_${LR}/ + +[ -e $OUTPUT/script ] || mkdir -p $OUTPUT/script +cp -f $(readlink -f "$0") $OUTPUT/script +rsync -ruzC --exclude-from=$PROJECT_ROOT/.gitignore --exclude 'dataset' --exclude 'pretrained_model' --exclude 'outputs' $PROJECT_ROOT/ $OUTPUT/src + +CUDA_DEVICE_ORDER=PCI_BUS_ID CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=$GPUID python3 run_ner.py --data_dir $DATA_ROOT \ + --model_type $MODEL_TYPE --model_name_or_path $MODEL_NAME \ + --learning_rate $LR \ + --weight_decay $WEIGHT_DECAY \ + --adam_epsilon $ADAM_EPS \ + --adam_beta1 $ADAM_BETA1 \ + --adam_beta2 $ADAM_BETA2 \ + --num_train_epochs $EPOCH \ + --warmup_steps $WARMUP \ + --per_gpu_train_batch_size $TRAIN_BATCH \ + --per_gpu_eval_batch_size $EVAL_BATCH \ + --logging_steps 200 \ + --save_steps 100000 \ + --do_train \ + --do_eval \ + --do_predict \ + --evaluate_during_training \ + --output_dir $OUTPUT \ + --cache_dir $PROJECT_ROOT/pretrained_model \ + --seed $SEED \ + --max_seq_length 128 \ + --overwrite_output_dir \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_mt.sh b/semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_mt.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..65c1c0d --- /dev/null +++ b/semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_mt.sh @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +#!/bin/bash + +if [[ $# -ne 1 ]]; then + GPUID=0 +else + GPUID=$1 +fi + +echo "Run on GPU $GPUID" + +# data +PROJECT_ROOT=$(dirname "$(readlink -f "$0")")/.. +DATA_ROOT=$PROJECT_ROOT/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/ + +# model +MODEL_TYPE=bert +MODEL_NAME=$PROJECT_ROOT/outputs/BC5CDR-chem/baseline/biobert_25_1e-5/checkpoint-best + +# params +LR=1e-5 +WEIGHT_DECAY=1e-4 +EPOCH=25 +SEED=0 + +ADAM_EPS=1e-8 +ADAM_BETA1=0.9 +ADAM_BETA2=0.98 +WARMUP=200 + +TRAIN_BATCH=64 +EVAL_BATCH=64 + +# output +OUTPUT=${MODEL_NAME}/MT/${MODEL_TYPE}_${EPOCH}_${LR}/ + +[ -e $OUTPUT/script ] || mkdir -p $OUTPUT/script +cp -f $(readlink -f "$0") $OUTPUT/script +rsync -ruzC --exclude-from=$PROJECT_ROOT/.gitignore --exclude 'dataset' --exclude 'pretrained_model' --exclude 'outputs' $PROJECT_ROOT/ $OUTPUT/src + +CUDA_DEVICE_ORDER=PCI_BUS_ID CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=$GPUID python3 run_ner.py --data_dir $DATA_ROOT \ + --model_type $MODEL_TYPE --model_name_or_path $MODEL_NAME \ + --learning_rate $LR \ + --weight_decay $WEIGHT_DECAY \ + --adam_epsilon $ADAM_EPS \ + --adam_beta1 $ADAM_BETA1 \ + --adam_beta2 $ADAM_BETA2 \ + --num_train_epochs $EPOCH \ + --warmup_steps $WARMUP \ + --per_gpu_train_batch_size $TRAIN_BATCH \ + --per_gpu_eval_batch_size $EVAL_BATCH \ + --logging_steps 200 \ + --save_steps 100000 \ + --do_train \ + --do_eval \ + --do_predict \ + --evaluate_during_training \ + --output_dir $OUTPUT \ + --cache_dir $PROJECT_ROOT/pretrained_model \ + --seed $SEED \ + --max_seq_length 128 \ + --overwrite_output_dir \ + --mt 1 \ + --load_weak \ + --remove_labels_from_weak \ + --rep_train_against_weak 10 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_vat.sh b/semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_vat.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..fc0a0ee --- /dev/null +++ b/semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_vat.sh @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +#!/bin/bash + +if [[ $# -ne 1 ]]; then + GPUID=0 +else + GPUID=$1 +fi + +echo "Run on GPU $GPUID" + +# data +PROJECT_ROOT=$(dirname "$(readlink -f "$0")")/.. +DATA_ROOT=$PROJECT_ROOT/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/ + +# model +MODEL_TYPE=bert +MODEL_NAME=$PROJECT_ROOT/outputs/BC5CDR-chem/baseline/biobert_25_1e-5/checkpoint-best + +# params +LR=1e-5 +WEIGHT_DECAY=1e-4 +EPOCH=25 +SEED=0 + +ADAM_EPS=1e-8 +ADAM_BETA1=0.9 +ADAM_BETA2=0.98 +WARMUP=200 + +TRAIN_BATCH=64 +EVAL_BATCH=64 + +# output +OUTPUT=${MODEL_NAME}/VAT/${MODEL_TYPE}_${EPOCH}_${LR}/ + +[ -e $OUTPUT/script ] || mkdir -p $OUTPUT/script +cp -f $(readlink -f "$0") $OUTPUT/script +rsync -ruzC --exclude-from=$PROJECT_ROOT/.gitignore --exclude 'dataset' --exclude 'pretrained_model' --exclude 'outputs' $PROJECT_ROOT/ $OUTPUT/src + +CUDA_DEVICE_ORDER=PCI_BUS_ID CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=$GPUID python3 run_ner.py --data_dir $DATA_ROOT \ + --model_type $MODEL_TYPE --model_name_or_path $MODEL_NAME \ + --learning_rate $LR \ + --weight_decay $WEIGHT_DECAY \ + --adam_epsilon $ADAM_EPS \ + --adam_beta1 $ADAM_BETA1 \ + --adam_beta2 $ADAM_BETA2 \ + --num_train_epochs $EPOCH \ + --warmup_steps $WARMUP \ + --per_gpu_train_batch_size $TRAIN_BATCH \ + --per_gpu_eval_batch_size $EVAL_BATCH \ + --logging_steps 200 \ + --save_steps 100000 \ + --do_train \ + --do_eval \ + --do_predict \ + --evaluate_during_training \ + --output_dir $OUTPUT \ + --cache_dir $PROJECT_ROOT/pretrained_model \ + --seed $SEED \ + --max_seq_length 128 \ + --overwrite_output_dir \ + --vat 1 \ + --load_weak \ + --remove_labels_from_weak \ + --rep_train_against_weak 10 \ No newline at end of file From 0fa6c446a121385085ee5f67b48f113b8f24f748 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jiang Date: Mon, 24 May 2021 17:37:50 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 2/5] add semi bond --- dataset/BC5CDR-chem/train.json | 2 +- dataset/BC5CDR-chem/turn.py | 15 +++++-- model_utils.py | 13 +++++- run_self_training_ner.py | 13 +++++- semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_bond.sh | 73 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 5 files changed, 109 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) create mode 100755 semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_bond.sh diff --git a/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/train.json b/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/train.json index c8e0c44..e091e20 100644 --- a/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/train.json +++ b/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/train.json @@ -1 +1 @@ -[{"str_words": ["Selegiline", "-", "induced", "postural", "hypotension", "in", "Parkinson", "'", "s", "disease", ":", "a", "longitudinal", "study", "on", "the", "effects", "of", "drug", 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"are", "discussed", "."], "tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0]}, {"str_words": ["Further", "studies", "on", "effects", "of", "irrigation", "solutions", "on", "rat", "bladders", "."], "tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]}, {"str_words": ["Further", "studies", "on", "the", "effects", "of", "certain", "irrigating", "fluids", "on", "the", "rat", "bladder", "for", "18", "hours", "are", "reported", "."], "tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]}, {"str_words": ["The", "results", "have", "shown", "that", "the", "degradation", "product", "p", "-", "choloroaniline", "is", "not", "a", "significant", "factor", "in", "chlorhexidine", "-", "digluconate", "associated", "erosive", "cystitis", "."], "tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0]}, {"str_words": ["A", "high", "percentage", "of", "kanamycin", "-", "colistin", "and", "povidone", "-", "iodine", "irrigations", "were", "associated", "with", "erosive", "cystitis", "and", "suggested", "a", "possible", "complication", "with", "human", "usage", "."], "tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]}, {"str_words": ["Picloxydine", "irrigations", "appeared", "to", "have", "a", "lower", "incidence", "of", "erosive", "cystitis", "but", "further", "studies", "would", "have", "to", "be", "performed", "before", "it", "could", "be", "recommended", "for", "use", "in", "urological", "procedures", "."], "tags": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]}, {"str_words": ["Effects", "of", "tetrandrine", "and", "fangchinoline", "on", "experimental", "thrombosis", "in", "mice", "and", "human", "platelet", "aggregation", "."], "tags": [0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]}, {"str_words": ["Tetrandrine", "(", "TET", ")", "and", "fangchinoline", "(", "FAN", ")", "are", "two", "naturally", "occurring", "analogues", "with", "a", 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"is", "complicated", "by", "substantial", "hypertension", "and", "nephrotoxicity", "."], "tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tags_hp": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]}, {"str_words": ["To", "clarify", "the", "mechanisms", "of", "FK", "506", "-", "induced", "hypertension", ",", "we", "studied", "the", "chronic", "effects", "of", "FK", "506", "on", "the", "synthesis", "of", "endothelin", "-", "1", "(", "ET", "-", "1", ")", ",", "the", "expression", "of", "mRNA", "of", "ET", "-", "1", "and", "endothelin", "-", "converting", "enzyme", "-", "1", "(", "ECE", "-", "1", ")", ",", "the", "endothelial", "nitric", "oxide", "synthase", "(", "eNOS", ")", "activity", ",", "and", "the", "expression", "of", "mRNA", "of", "eNOS", "and", "C", "-", "type", "natriuretic", "peptide", "(", "CNP", ")", "in", "rat", "blood", "vessels", "."], "tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tags_hp": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]}, {"str_words": ["In", "addition", ",", "the", "effect", "of", "the", "specific", "endothelin", "type", "A", "receptor", "antagonist", "FR", "139317", "on", "FK", "506", "-", "induced", "hypertension", "in", "rats", "was", "studied", "."], "tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tags_hp": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]}, {"str_words": ["FK", "506", ",", "5", "mg", "."], "tags": [1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tags_hp": [1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0]}, {"str_words": ["kg", "-", "1", "."], "tags": [0, 0, 0, 0], "tags_hp": [0, 0, 0, 0]}, {"str_words": ["d", "-", "1", "given", "for", "4", "weeks", ",", "elevated", "blood", "pressure", "from", "102", "+", "/", "-", "13", "to", "152", "+", "/", "-", "15", "mm", "Hg", "and", "increased", "the", "synthesis", "of", "ET", "-", "1", "and", "the", "levels", "of", "ET", "-", "1", "mRNA", "in", "the", "mesenteric", "artery", "(", "240", "%", "and", "230", "%", ",", "respectively", ")", "."], "tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tags_hp": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]}, {"str_words": ["Little", "change", "was", "observed", "in", "the", "expression", "of", "ECE", "-", "1", "mRNA", "and", "CNP", "mRNA", "."], "tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tags_hp": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]}, {"str_words": ["FK", "506", "decreased", "eNOS", "activity", "and", "the", "levels", "of", "eNOS", "mRNA", "in", "the", "aorta", "(", "48", "%", "and", "55", "%", ",", "respectively", ")", "."], "tags": [1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tags_hp": [1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]}, {"str_words": ["The", "administration", "of", "FR", "139317", "(", "10", "mg", ".", "kg", "-", "1", ".", "d", "-", "1", ")", "prevented", "FK", "506", "-", "induced", "hypertension", "in", "rats", "."], "tags": [0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tags_hp": [0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]}, {"str_words": ["These", "results", "indicate", "that", "FK", "506", "may", "increase", "blood", "pressure", "not", "only", "by", "increasing", "ET", "-", "1", "production", "but", "also", "by", "decreasing", "NO", "synthesis", "in", "the", "vasculature", "."], "tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "tags_hp": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]}] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/turn.py b/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/turn.py index 302cdbf..d54e940 100644 --- a/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/turn.py +++ b/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/turn.py @@ -23,10 +23,17 @@ for l in tqdm.tqdm(f): l = l.strip() if len(words)>0 and l == '': - data.append({ - "str_words": words, - "tags": tags, - }) + if filename == "train.txt": + data.append({ + "str_words": words, + "tags": tags, + "tags_hp": tags, + }) + else: + data.append({ + "str_words": words, + "tags": tags, + }) words = [] tags = [] continue diff --git a/model_utils.py b/model_utils.py index d3cdfd1..3ce6368 100644 --- a/model_utils.py +++ b/model_utils.py @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ def multi_source_label_refine(args, hp_labels, combined_labels, pred_labels, pad label_mask = (pred_labels.max(dim=-1)[0]>_threshold) if args.self_training_hp_label < 5: label_mask = label_mask & (combined_labels!=pad_token_label_id) - elif 6 <= args.self_training_hp_label <= 7: + elif 6 <= args.self_training_hp_label < 7: _threshold = args.self_training_hp_label%1 _confidence = pred_labels.max(dim=-1)[0] for i in range(1,pred_labels.shape[0]): @@ -97,6 +97,17 @@ def multi_source_label_refine(args, hp_labels, combined_labels, pred_labels, pad _distantlabel = combined_labels[i,j] pred_labels[i,j] *= 0 pred_labels[i,j,_distantlabel] = 1 + elif 7 <= args.self_training_hp_label < 9: + _threshold = args.self_training_hp_label%1 + label_mask = (pred_labels.max(dim=-1)[0]>_threshold) + if args.self_training_hp_label < 8: + label_mask = label_mask & (combined_labels!=pad_token_label_id) + # overwrite by hp_labels + for i in range(0,pred_labels.shape[2]): + _labeli = [0]*pred_labels.shape[2] + _labeli[i] = 1 + _labeli = torch.tensor(_labeli).to(pred_labels) + pred_labels[hp_labels==i] = _labeli else: raise NotImplementedError('error') diff --git a/run_self_training_ner.py b/run_self_training_ner.py index ed50b68..18bb85e 100644 --- a/run_self_training_ner.py +++ b/run_self_training_ner.py @@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ get_linear_schedule_with_warmup, ) +from modeling_bert import BERTForTokenClassification_v2 from modeling_roberta import RobertaForTokenClassification_v2 from data_utils import load_and_cache_examples, get_labels from model_utils import multi_source_label_refine, soft_frequency, mt_update, get_mt_loss, opt_grad @@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ ) MODEL_CLASSES = { - "bert": (BertConfig, BertForTokenClassification, BertTokenizer), + "bert": (BertConfig, BERTForTokenClassification_v2, BertTokenizer), "roberta": (RobertaConfig, RobertaForTokenClassification_v2, RobertaTokenizer), "distilbert": (DistilBertConfig, DistilBertForTokenClassification, DistilBertTokenizer), "camembert": (CamembertConfig, CamembertForTokenClassification, CamembertTokenizer), @@ -570,6 +571,11 @@ def main(): parser.add_argument('--self_training_hp_label', type = float, default = 0, help = 'use high precision label.') parser.add_argument('--self_training_ensemble_label', type = int, default = 0, help = 'use ensemble label.') + # Use data from weak.json + parser.add_argument('--load_weak', action="store_true", help = 'Load data from weak.json.') + parser.add_argument('--remove_labels_from_weak', action="store_true", help = 'Use data from weak.json, and remove their labels for semi-supervised learning') + parser.add_argument('--rep_train_against_weak', type = int, default = 1, help = 'Upsampling training data again weak data. Default: 1') + args = parser.parse_args() if ( @@ -657,6 +663,11 @@ def main(): # Training if args.do_train: train_dataset = load_and_cache_examples(args, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id, mode="train") + # import ipdb; ipdb.set_trace() + if args.load_weak: + weak_dataset = load_and_cache_examples(args, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id, mode="weak", remove_labels=args.remove_labels_from_weak) + train_dataset = torch.utils.data.ConcatDataset([train_dataset]*args.rep_train_against_weak + [weak_dataset,]) + model, global_step, tr_loss, best_dev, best_test = train(args, train_dataset, model_class, config, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id) logger.info(" global_step = %s, average loss = %s", global_step, tr_loss) diff --git a/semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_bond.sh b/semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_bond.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..24da6b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/semi_script/bc5cdr_chem_bond.sh @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +#!/bin/bash + +if [[ $# -ne 1 ]]; then + GPUID=0 +else + GPUID=$1 +fi + +echo "Run on GPU $GPUID" + +# data +PROJECT_ROOT=$(dirname "$(readlink -f "$0")")/.. +DATA_ROOT=$PROJECT_ROOT/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/ + +# model +MODEL_TYPE=bert +MODEL_NAME=dmis-lab/biobert-base-cased-v1.1 + +# params +LR=1e-5 +WEIGHT_DECAY=1e-4 +EPOCH=20 +SEED=0 + +ADAM_EPS=1e-8 +ADAM_BETA1=0.9 +ADAM_BETA2=0.98 +WARMUP=200 + +TRAIN_BATCH=64 +EVAL_BATCH=64 + +# self-training parameters +REINIT=0 +BEGIN_STEP=2000 +LABEL_MODE=soft +PERIOD=1000 +# For HP_LABEL in [7,9], BOND will overwrite self-training labels by strong labels. (Only work for soft pseudo labels) +HP_LABEL=7.9 + +# output +OUTPUT=$PROJECT_ROOT/outputs/BC5CDR-chem/BOND/${MODEL_TYPE}_reinit${REINIT}_begin${BEGIN_STEP}_period${PERIOD}_${LABEL_MODE}_hp${HP_LABEL}_${EPOCH}_${LR}/ + +[ -e $OUTPUT/script ] || mkdir -p $OUTPUT/script +cp -f $(readlink -f "$0") $OUTPUT/script +rsync -ruzC --exclude-from=$PROJECT_ROOT/.gitignore --exclude 'dataset' --exclude 'pretrained_model' --exclude 'outputs' $PROJECT_ROOT/ $OUTPUT/src + +CUDA_DEVICE_ORDER=PCI_BUS_ID CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=$GPUID python3 run_self_training_ner.py --data_dir $DATA_ROOT \ + --model_type $MODEL_TYPE --model_name_or_path $MODEL_NAME \ + --learning_rate $LR \ + --weight_decay $WEIGHT_DECAY \ + --adam_epsilon $ADAM_EPS \ + --adam_beta1 $ADAM_BETA1 \ + --adam_beta2 $ADAM_BETA2 \ + --num_train_epochs $EPOCH \ + --warmup_steps $WARMUP \ + --per_gpu_train_batch_size $TRAIN_BATCH \ + --per_gpu_eval_batch_size $EVAL_BATCH \ + --logging_steps 100 \ + --save_steps 100000 \ + --do_train \ + --do_eval \ + --do_predict \ + --evaluate_during_training \ + --output_dir $OUTPUT \ + --cache_dir $PROJECT_ROOT/pretrained_model \ + --seed $SEED \ + --max_seq_length 128 \ + --overwrite_output_dir \ + --self_training_reinit $REINIT --self_training_begin_step $BEGIN_STEP \ + --self_training_label_mode $LABEL_MODE --self_training_period $PERIOD \ + --self_training_hp_label $HP_LABEL \ + --load_weak From bcf4f4d58d7d0a6abf5668172c016f4cbe86c02e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Haoming Jiang Date: Tue, 25 May 2021 15:44:18 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 3/5] Update data_utils.py --- data_utils.py | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/data_utils.py b/data_utils.py index da6d35b..1edbe18 100644 --- a/data_utils.py +++ b/data_utils.py @@ -110,6 +110,8 @@ def convert_examples_to_features( hp_label_ids = [] for word, label, hp_label in zip(example.words, example.labels, example.hp_labels): word_tokens = tokenizer.tokenize(word) + if(len(word_tokens) == 0): + continue tokens.extend(word_tokens) # Use the real label id for the first token of the word, and padding ids for the remaining tokens label_ids.extend([label] + [pad_token_label_id] * (len(word_tokens) - 1)) @@ -359,4 +361,4 @@ def get_chunks(seq, tags): if __name__ == '__main__': - save(args) \ No newline at end of file + save(args) From 66753c9a1fd5cbed7cae5659f8d0dc463cdea7c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jiang Date: Wed, 26 May 2021 21:24:13 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 4/5] update eval.py --- eval.py | 5 +++-- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/eval.py b/eval.py index 46f56b2..3a6874b 100644 --- a/eval.py +++ b/eval.py @@ -34,8 +34,9 @@ def evaluate(args, model, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id, best, mode, pre eval_dataloader = DataLoader(eval_dataset, sampler=eval_sampler, batch_size=args.eval_batch_size) # multi-gpu evaluate - if args.n_gpu > 1: - model = torch.nn.DataParallel(model) + #if args.n_gpu > 1: + # model = torch.nn.DataParallel(model) + #model.to(args.device) logger.info("***** Running evaluation %s *****", prefix) if verbose: From a21b1ce560ab372c7caeab48edb365447e38c919 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jiang Date: Thu, 27 May 2021 17:39:52 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 5/5] remove useless file --- dataset/BC5CDR-chem/dev.txt | 126615 ---- dataset/BC5CDR-chem/labels.txt | 4 - dataset/BC5CDR-chem/test.txt | 134344 ---- dataset/BC5CDR-chem/train.txt | 127290 ---- dataset/BC5CDR-chem/turn.py | 57 - dataset/BC5CDR-chem/weak.txt | 1000016 ----------------------------- 6 files changed, 1388326 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 dataset/BC5CDR-chem/dev.txt delete mode 100644 dataset/BC5CDR-chem/labels.txt delete mode 100644 dataset/BC5CDR-chem/test.txt delete mode 100644 dataset/BC5CDR-chem/train.txt delete mode 100644 dataset/BC5CDR-chem/turn.py delete mode 100644 dataset/BC5CDR-chem/weak.txt diff --git a/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/dev.txt b/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/dev.txt deleted file mode 100644 index a21f770..0000000 --- a/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/dev.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,126615 +0,0 @@ -aps B-category -22 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxacalcitriol I-Chemical -suppresses O -secondary O -hyperparathyroidism O -without O -inducing O -low O -bone O -turnover O -in O -dogs O -with O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Calcitriol B-Chemical -therapy O -suppresses O -serum O -levels O -of O -parathyroid O -hormone O -( O -PTH O -) O -in O -patients O -with O -renal O -failure O -but O -has O -several O -drawbacks O -, O -including O -hypercalcemia O -and O -/ O -or O -marked O -suppression O -of O -bone O -turnover O -, O -which O -may O -lead O -to O -adynamic O -bone O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -analogue O -, O -22 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxacalcitriol I-Chemical -( O -OCT B-Chemical -) O -, O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -have O -promising O -characteristics O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -undertaken O -to O -determine O -the O -effects O -of O -OCT B-Chemical -on O -serum O -PTH O -levels O -and O -bone O -turnover O -in O -states O -of O -normal O -or O -impaired O -renal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Sixty O -dogs O -were O -either O -nephrectomized O -( O -Nx O -, O -N O -= O -38 O -) O -or O -sham O -- O -operated O -( O -Sham O -, O -N O -= O -22 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -animals O -received O -supplemental O -phosphate B-Chemical -to O -enhance O -PTH O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Fourteen O -weeks O -after O -the O -start O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -supplementation O -, O -half O -of O -the O -Nx O -and O -Sham O -dogs O -received O -doses O -of O -OCT B-Chemical -( O -three O -times O -per O -week O -) O -; O -the O -other O -half O -were O -given O -vehicle O -for O -60 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Thereafter O -, O -the O -treatment O -modalities O -for O -a O -subset O -of O -animals O -were O -crossed O -over O -for O -an O -additional O -eight O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -and O -hormonal O -indices O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -bone O -metabolism O -were O -measured O -throughout O -the O -study O -, O -and O -bone O -biopsies O -were O -done O -at O -baseline O -, O -60 O -weeks O -after O -OCT B-Chemical -or O -vehicle O -treatment O -, O -and O -at O -the O -end O -of O -the O -crossover O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -In O -Nx O -dogs O -, O -OCT B-Chemical -significantly O -decreased O -serum O -PTH O -levels O -soon O -after O -the O -induction O -of O -renal O -insufficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -long O -- O -standing O -secondary O -hyperparathyroidism O -, O -OCT B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -03 O -microg O -/ O -kg O -) O -stabilized O -serum O -PTH O -levels O -during O -the O -first O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -PTH O -levels O -rose O -thereafter O -, O -but O -the O -rise O -was O -less O -pronounced O -compared O -with O -baseline O -than O -the O -rise O -seen O -in O -Nx O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -were O -accompanied O -by O -episodes O -of O -hypercalcemia O -and O -hyperphosphatemia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -animals O -with O -normal O -renal O -function O -, O -OCT B-Chemical -induced O -a O -transient O -decrease O -in O -serum O -PTH O -levels O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -microg O -/ O -kg O -, O -which O -was O -not O -sustained O -with O -lowering O -of O -the O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Nx O -dogs O -, O -OCT B-Chemical -reversed O -abnormal O -bone O -formation O -, O -such O -as O -woven O -osteoid O -and O -fibrosis O -, O -but O -did O -not O -significantly O -alter O -the O -level O -of O -bone O -turnover O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -OCT B-Chemical -improved O -mineralization O -lag O -time O -, O -( O -that O -is O -, O -the O -rate O -at O -which O -osteoid O -mineralizes O -) O -in O -both O -Nx O -and O -Sham O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -even O -though O -OCT B-Chemical -does O -not O -completely O -prevent O -the O -occurrence O -of O -hypercalcemia O -in O -experimental O -dogs O -with O -renal O -insufficiency O -, O -it O -may O -be O -of O -use O -in O -the O -management O -of O -secondary O -hyperparathyroidism O -because O -it O -does O -not O -induce O -low O -bone O -turnover O -and O -, O -therefore O -, O -does O -not O -increase O -the O -risk O -of O -adynamic O -bone O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypotension O -, O -bradycardia O -, O -and O -asystole O -after O -high O -- O -dose O -intravenous O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -in O -a O -monitored O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -hypotension O -, O -bradycardia O -, O -and O -asystole O -after O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -high O -- O -dose O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -in O -a O -73 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -patient O -who O -underwent O -electrocardiographic O -( O -ECG O -) O -monitoring O -throughout O -the O -episode O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -history O -of O -ischemic O -cardiac O -disease O -9 O -years O -earlier O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -was O -admitted O -with O -a O -pulmonary O -- O -renal O -syndrome O -with O -hemoptysis O -, O -rapidly O -progressive O -renal O -failure O -, O -and O -hypoxemia O -that O -required O -mechanical O -ventilation O -in O -the O -intensive O -care O -unit O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -receiving O -advanced O -cardiopulmonary O -resuscitation O -, O -the O -patient O -recovered O -cardiac O -rhythm O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ECG O -showed O -a O -junctional O -rhythm O -without O -ventricular O -arrhythmia O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -reviews O -the O -current O -proposed O -mechanisms O -of O -sudden O -death O -after O -a O -high O -dose O -of O -intravenous O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -( O -IVMP B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -mechanisms O -are O -not O -well O -understood O -because O -, O -in O -most O -cases O -, O -the O -patients O -were O -not O -monitored O -at O -the O -moment O -of O -the O -event O -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -infusion O -and O -underlying O -cardiac O -disease O -were O -important O -risk O -factors O -in O -the O -case O -reported O -here O -, O -and O -the O -authors O -discount O -ventricular O -arrhythmia O -as O -the O -main O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Worsening O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -by O -motor O -and O -mental O -tasks O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -patients O -who O -had O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -with O -disabling O -dyskinesia O -were O -included O -in O -this O -study O -to O -evaluate O -the O -role O -of O -mental O -( O -mental O -calculation O -) O -and O -motor O -( O -flexion O -/ O -extension O -of O -right O -fingers O -, O -flexion O -/ O -extension O -of O -left O -fingers O -, O -flexion O -/ O -extension O -of O -the O -neck O -, O -speaking O -aloud O -) O -tasks O -on O -the O -worsening O -of O -peak O -- O -dose O -dyskinesia O -following O -administration O -of O -an O -effective O -single O -dose O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -with O -the O -score O -at O -rest O -( O -1 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -3 O -) O -, O -a O -significant O -aggravation O -of O -the O -dyskinesia O -score O -was O -observed O -during O -speaking O -aloud O -( O -5 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -1 O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -movements O -of O -right O -( O -4 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -and O -left O -( O -3 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -8 O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -fingers O -, O -movements O -of O -the O -neck O -( O -5 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -and O -mental O -calculation O -( O -3 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -activation O -tasks O -such O -as O -" O -speaking O -aloud O -" O -could O -be O -used O -for O -objective O -assessment O -of O -dyskinesia O -severity O -. O - -aps B-category -Urine O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -glucosaminidase O -- O -- O -a O -marker O -of O -tubular O -damage O -? O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Although O -an O -indicator O -of O -renal O -tubular O -dysfunction O -, O -an O -increased O -urinary O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -glucosaminidase O -( O -NAG O -) O -activity O -might O -reflect O -increased O -lysosomal O -activity O -in O -renal O -tubular O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -( O -PAN B-Chemical -) O -was O -administered O -to O -Sprague O -Dawley O -rats O -to O -induce O -proteinuria O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -protein O -, O -albumin O -, O -NAG O -activity O -and O -protein O -electrophoretic O -pattern O -were O -assessed O -in O -daily O -urine O -samples O -for O -33 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -morphological O -appearance O -of O -the O -kidneys O -was O -examined O -on O -days O -three O -, O -four O -, O -six O -, O -eight O -and O -thirty O -three O -and O -the O -NAG O -isoenzyme O -patterns O -on O -days O -zero O -, O -four O -, O -eight O -and O -thirty O -three O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Following O -intravenous O -PAN B-Chemical -urine O -volume O -and O -urine O -NAG O -activity O -increased O -significantly O -by O -day O -two O -, O -but O -returned O -to O -normal O -by O -day O -four O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -day O -four O -all O -treated O -animals O -exhibited O -a O -marked O -rise O -in O -urine O -albumin O -, O -total O -protein O -excretion O -and O -NAG O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrophoresis O -showed O -a O -generalised O -increase O -in O -middle O -and O -high O -molecular O -weight O -urine O -proteins O -from O -day O -four O -onwards O -. O - -aps B-category -Protein O -droplets O -first O -appeared O -prominent O -in O -tubular O -cells O -on O -day O -four O -. O - -aps B-category -Peak O -urine O -NAG O -activity O -and O -a O -change O -in O -NAG O -isoenzyme O -pattern O -coincided O -with O -both O -the O -peak O -proteinuria O -and O -the O -reduction O -in O -intracellular O -protein O -and O -NAG O -droplets O -( O -day O -six O -onwards O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -This O -animal O -model O -demonstrates O -that O -an O -increase O -in O -lysosomal O -turnover O -and O -hence O -urine O -NAG O -activity O -, O -occurs O -when O -increased O -protein O -is O -presented O -to O -the O -tubular O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Urine O -NAG O -activity O -is O -thus O -a O -measure O -of O -altered O -function O -in O -the O -renal O -tubules O -and O -not O -simply O -an O -indicator O -of O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -Cauda O -equina O -syndrome O -after O -spinal O -anaesthesia O -with O -hyperbaric O -5 O -% O -lignocaine B-Chemical -: O -a O -review O -of O -six O -cases O -of O -cauda O -equina O -syndrome O -reported O -to O -the O -Swedish O -Pharmaceutical O -Insurance O -1993 O -- O -1997 O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -cases O -of O -cauda O -equina O -syndrome O -with O -varying O -severity O -were O -reported O -to O -the O -Swedish O -Pharmaceutical O -Insurance O -during O -the O -period O -1993 O -- O -1997 O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -were O -associated O -with O -spinal O -anaesthesia O -using O -hyperbaric O -5 O -% O -lignocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -cases O -had O -single O -- O -shot O -spinal O -anaesthesia O -and O -one O -had O -a O -repeat O -spinal O -anaesthetic O -due O -to O -inadequate O -block O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -of O -hyperbaric O -5 O -% O -lignocaine B-Chemical -administered O -ranged O -from O -60 O -to O -120 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -of O -the O -cases O -were O -most O -likely O -caused O -by O -direct O -neurotoxicity O -of O -hyperbaric O -5 O -% O -lignocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -other O -3 O -cases O -, O -direct O -neurotoxicity O -was O -also O -probable O -, O -but O -unfortunately O -radiological O -investigations O -were O -not O -done O -to O -definitely O -exclude O -a O -compressive O -aetiology O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -cases O -sustained O -permanent O -neurological O -deficits O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -recommend O -that O -hyperbaric O -lignocaine B-Chemical -should O -be O -administered O -in O -concentrations O -not O -greater O -than O -2 O -% O -and O -at O -a O -total O -dose O -preferably O -not O -exceeding O -60 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -Systemic O -toxicity O -following O -administration O -of O -sirolimus B-Chemical -( O -formerly O -rapamycin B-Chemical -) O -for O -psoriasis O -: O -association O -of O -capillary O -leak O -syndrome O -with O -apoptosis O -of O -lesional O -lymphocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Sirolimus B-Chemical -( O -formerly O -rapamycin B-Chemical -) O -is O -an O -immunosuppressive O -agent O -that O -interferes O -with O -T O -- O -cell O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -2 O -individuals O -with O -psoriasis O -developed O -a O -capillary O -leak O -syndrome O -following O -treatment O -with O -oral O -sirolimus B-Chemical -lesional O -skin O -cells O -and O -activated O -peripheral O -blood O -cells O -were O -analyzed O -for O -induction O -of O -apoptosis O -. O - -aps B-category -OBSERVATIONS O -: O -A O -keratome O -skin O -specimen O -from O -1 O -patient O -with O -sirolimus B-Chemical -- O -induced O -capillary O -leak O -syndrome O -had O -a O -2 O -. O -3 O -- O -fold O -increase O -in O -percentage O -of O -apoptotic O -cells O -( O -to O -48 O -% O -) O -compared O -with O -an O -unaffected O -sirolimus B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patient O -with O -psoriasis O -( O -21 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Activated O -peripheral O -blood O -T O -cells O -from O -patients O -with O -psoriasis O -tended O -to O -exhibit O -greater O -spontaneous O -or O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -apoptosis O -than O -did O -normal O -T O -cells O -, O -particularly O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sirolimus B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Severe O -adverse O -effects O -of O -sirolimus B-Chemical -include O -fever O -, O -anemia O -, O -and O -capillary O -leak O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -symptoms O -may O -be O -the O -result O -of O -drug O -- O -induced O -apoptosis O -of O -lesional O -leukocytes O -, O -especially O -activated O -T O -lymphocytes O -, O -and O -possibly O -release O -of O -inflammatory O -mediators O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -patients O -with O -severe O -psoriasis O -may O -develop O -capillary O -leak O -from O -various O -systemic O -therapies O -, O -clinical O -monitoring O -is O -advisable O -for O -patients O -with O -inflammatory O -diseases O -who O -are O -treated O -with O -immune O -modulators O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -maintenance O -therapy O -on O -thyroid O -and O -parathyroid O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -To O -assess O -changes O -induced O -by O -lithium B-Chemical -maintenance O -therapy O -on O -the O -incidence O -of O -thyroid O -, O -parathyroid O -and O -ion O -alterations O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -were O -evaluated O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -duration O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -age O -, O -sex O -, O -and O -family O -history O -( O -whether O -or O -not O -the O -patient O -had O -a O -first O -- O -degree O -relative O -with O -thyroid O -disease O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -Prospective O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -SETTING O -: O -Affective O -Disorders O -Clinic O -at O -St O -. O - -aps B-category -Mary O -' O -s O -Hospital O -, O -Montreal O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -: O -One O -hundred O -and O -one O -patients O -( O -28 O -men O -and O -73 O -women O -) O -with O -bipolar O -disorder O -receiving O -lithium B-Chemical -maintenance O -therapy O -ranging O -from O -1 O -year O -' O -s O -to O -32 O -years O -' O -duration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -control O -group O -consisted O -of O -82 O -patients O -with O -no O -psychiatric O -or O -endocrinological O -diagnoses O -from O -the O -hospital O -' O -s O -out O -- O -patient O -clinics O -. O - -aps B-category -OUTCOME O -MEASURES O -: O -Laboratory O -analyses O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -magnesium B-Chemical -and O -thyroid O -- O -stimulating O -hormone O -levels O -performed O -before O -beginning O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -and O -at O -biannual O -follow O -- O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Hypothyroidism O -developed O -in O -40 O -patients O -, O -excluding O -8 O -patients O -who O -were O -hypothyroid O -at O -baseline O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -having O -first O -- O -degree O -relatives O -affected O -by O -thyroid O -illness O -had O -accelerated O -onset O -of O -hypothyroidism O -( O -3 O -. O -7 O -years O -after O -onset O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -) O -compared O -with O -patients O -without O -a O -family O -history O -( O -8 O -. O -6 O -years O -after O -onset O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Women O -over O -60 O -years O -of O -age O -were O -more O -often O -affected O -by O -hypothyroidism O -than O -women O -under O -60 O -years O -of O -age O -( O -34 O -. O -6 O -% O -versus O -31 O -. O -9 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnesium B-Chemical -levels O -in O -patients O -on O -lithium B-Chemical -treatment O -were O -unchanged O -from O -baseline O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -lithium B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -were O -higher O -than O -either O -baseline O -levels O -or O -control O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -lithium B-Chemical -treatment O -counteracted O -the O -decrease O -in O -plasma O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -associated O -with O -aging O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Familial O -thyroid O -illness O -is O -a O -risk O -factor O -for O -hypothyroidism O -and O -hypercalcemia O -during O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -immune O -hemolytic O -anemia O -associated O -with O -prophylactic O -use O -of O -cefotetan B-Chemical -in O -obstetric O -and O -gynecologic O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -Second O -- O -and O -third O -- O -generation O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -, O -especially O -cefotetan B-Chemical -, O -are O -increasingly O -associated O -with O -severe O -, O -sometimes O -fatal O -immune O -hemolytic O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -noticed O -that O -10 O -of O -our O -35 O -cases O -of O -cefotetan B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hemolytic O -anemias O -were O -in O -patients O -who O -had O -received O -cefotetan B-Chemical -prophylactically O -for O -obstetric O -and O -gynecologic O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -of O -these O -cases O -of O -severe O -immune O -hemolytic O -anemia O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -nonsteroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drugs O -on O -hemostasis O -in O -patients O -with O -aneurysmal O -subarachnoid O -hemorrhage O -. O - -aps B-category -Platelet O -function O -is O -impaired O -by O -nonsteroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drugs O -( O -NSAIDs O -) O -with O -prominent O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -safety O -in O -patients O -undergoing O -intracranial O -surgery O -is O -under O -debate O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -aneurysmal O -subarachnoid O -hemorrhage O -( O -SAH O -) O -were O -randomized O -to O -receive O -either O -ketoprofen B-Chemical -, O -100 O -mg O -, O -three O -times O -a O -day O -( O -ketoprofen B-Chemical -group O -, O -n O -= O -9 O -) O -or O -a O -weak O -NSAID O -, O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -, O -1 O -g O -, O -three O -times O -a O -day O -( O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -group O -, O -n O -= O -9 O -) O -starting O -immediately O -after O -the O -diagnosis O -of O -aneurysmal O -SAH O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -was O -continued O -for O -3 O -days O -postoperatively O -. O - -aps B-category -Test O -blood O -samples O -were O -taken O -before O -treatment O -and O -surgery O -as O -well O -as O -on O -the O -first O -, O -third O -, O -and O -fifth O -postoperative O -mornings O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximal O -platelet O -aggregation O -induced O -by O -6 O -microM O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -decreased O -after O -administration O -of O -ketoprofen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Aggregation O -was O -lower O -( O -P O -< O -. O -05 O -) O -in O -the O -ketoprofen B-Chemical -group O -than O -in O -the O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -group O -just O -before O -surgery O -and O -on O -the O -third O -postoperative O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -maximal O -platelet O -aggregation O -increased O -in O -the O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -group O -on O -the O -third O -postoperative O -day O -as O -compared O -with O -the O -pretreatment O -platelet O -aggregation O -results O -( O -P O -< O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -patient O -in O -the O -ketoprofen B-Chemical -group O -developed O -a O -postoperative O -intracranial O -hematoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Coagulation O -( O -prothrombin O -time O -[ O -PT O -] O -, O -activated O -partial O -thromboplastin O -time O -[ O -APPT O -] O -, O -fibrinogen O -concentration O -, O -and O -antithrombin O -III O -[ O -AT O -III O -] O -) O -was O -comparable O -between O -the O -two O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Ketoprofen B-Chemical -but O -not O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -impaired O -platelet O -function O -in O -patients O -with O -SAH O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -ketoprofen B-Chemical -is O -used O -before O -surgery O -on O -cerebral O -artery O -aneurysms O -, O -it O -may O -pose O -an O -additional O -risk O -factor O -for O -hemorrhage O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -synthase O -expression O -in O -the O -course O -of O -lead B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -recently O -showed O -elevated O -reactive O -oxygen B-Chemical -species O -( O -ROS O -) O -, O -reduced O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -NO B-Chemical -metabolites O -( O -NOx O -) O -, O -and O -increased O -NO B-Chemical -sequestration O -as O -nitrotyrosine B-Chemical -in O -various O -tissues O -in O -rats O -with O -lead B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -discern O -whether O -the O -reduction O -in O -urinary O -NOx O -in O -lead B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -is O -, O -in O -part O -, O -due O -to O -depressed O -NO B-Chemical -synthase O -( O -NOS O -) O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -were O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -a O -lead B-Chemical -- O -treated O -group O -( O -given O -lead B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -, O -100 O -ppm O -, O -in O -drinking O -water O -and O -regular O -rat O -chow O -) O -, O -a O -group O -given O -lead B-Chemical -and O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -- O -fortified O -chow O -, O -or O -a O -normal O -control O -group O -given O -either O -regular O -food O -and O -water O -or O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -- O -fortified O -food O -for O -12 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Tail O -blood O -pressure O -, O -urinary O -NOx O -excretion O -, O -plasma O -malondialdehyde B-Chemical -( O -MDA B-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -endothelial O -and O -inducible O -NOS O -( O -eNOS O -and O -iNOS O -) O -isotypes O -in O -the O -aorta O -and O -kidney O -were O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lead B-Chemical -- O -treated O -group O -exhibited O -a O -rise O -in O -blood O -pressure O -and O -plasma O -MDA B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -a O -fall O -in O -urinary O -NOx O -excretion O -, O -and O -a O -paradoxical O -rise O -in O -vascular O -and O -renal O -tissue O -eNOS O -and O -iNOS O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -Vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -supplementation O -ameliorated O -hypertension O -, O -lowered O -plasma O -MDA B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -and O -raised O -urinary O -NOx O -excretion O -while O -significantly O -lowering O -vascular O -, O -but O -not O -renal O -, O -tissue O -eNOS O -and O -iNOS O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -Vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -supplementation O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -either O -blood O -pressure O -, O -plasma O -MDA B-Chemical -, O -or O -NOS O -expression O -in O -the O -control O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -also O -revealed O -significant O -inhibition O -of O -NOS O -enzymatic O -activity O -by O -lead B-Chemical -in O -cell O -- O -free O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -lead B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -in O -this O -model O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -compensatory O -upregulation O -of O -renal O -and O -vascular O -eNOS O -and O -iNOS O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -, O -in O -part O -, O -due O -to O -ROS O -- O -mediated O -NO B-Chemical -inactivation O -, O -lead B-Chemical -- O -associated O -inhibition O -of O -NOS O -activity O -, O -and O -perhaps O -stimulatory O -actions O -of O -increased O -shear O -stress O -associated O -with O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Glyceryl B-Chemical -trinitrate I-Chemical -induces O -attacks O -of O -migraine O -without O -aura O -in O -sufferers O -of O -migraine O -with O -aura O -. O - -aps B-category -Migraine O -with O -aura O -and O -migraine O -without O -aura O -have O -the O -same O -pain O -phase O -, O -thus O -indicating O -that O -migraine O -with O -aura O -and O -migraine O -without O -aura O -share O -a O -common O -pathway O -of O -nociception O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -recent O -years O -, O -increasing O -evidence O -has O -suggested O -that O -the O -messenger O -molecule O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -( O -NO B-Chemical -) O -is O -involved O -in O -pain O -mechanisms O -of O -migraine O -without O -aura O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -clarify O -whether O -the O -same O -is O -true O -for O -migraine O -with O -aura O -, O -in O -the O -present O -study O -we O -examined O -the O -headache O -response O -to O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -glyceryl B-Chemical -trinitrate I-Chemical -( O -GTN B-Chemical -) O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -microg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -for O -20 O -min O -) O -in O -12 O -sufferers O -of O -migraine O -with O -aura O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -aim O -was O -to O -elucidate O -whether O -an O -aura O -and O -/ O -or O -an O -attack O -of O -migraine O -without O -aura O -could O -be O -induced O -. O - -aps B-category -Fourteen O -healthy O -subjects O -served O -as O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Aura O -symptoms O -were O -not O -elicited O -in O -any O -subject O -. O - -aps B-category -Headache O -was O -more O -severe O -in O -migraineurs O -than O -in O -the O -controls O -during O -and O -immediately O -after O -GTN B-Chemical -infusion O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -037 O -) O -as O -well O -as O -during O -the O -following O -11 O -h O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -008 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -controls O -, O -the O -GTN B-Chemical -- O -induced O -headache O -gradually O -disappeared O -, O -whereas O -in O -migraineurs O -peak O -headache O -intensity O -occurred O -at O -a O -mean O -time O -of O -240 O -min O -post O -- O -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -this O -time O -the O -induced O -headache O -in O -6 O -of O -12 O -migraineurs O -fulfilled O -the O -diagnostic O -criteria O -for O -migraine O -without O -aura O -of O -the O -International O -Headache O -Society O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -therefore O -suggest O -that O -NO B-Chemical -is O -involved O -in O -the O -pain O -mechanisms O -of O -migraine O -with O -aura O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -cortical O -spreading O -depression O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -liberate O -NO B-Chemical -in O -animals O -, O -this O -finding O -may O -help O -our O -understanding O -of O -the O -coupling O -between O -cortical O -spreading O -depression O -and O -headache O -in O -migraine O -with O -aura O -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -reversal O -of O -life O -- O -threatening O -diltiazem B-Chemical -- O -induced O -tetany O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -patient O -who O -developed O -tetany O -with O -sudden O -respiratory O -arrest O -after O -the O -infusion O -of O -intravenous O -diltiazem B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -rapidly O -resolved O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -tetany O -with O -prompt O -recovery O -of O -respiratory O -function O -, O -averting O -the O -need O -for O -more O -aggressive O -airway O -management O -and O -ventilatory O -support O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -emergency O -physician O -should O -be O -aware O -that O -life O -- O -threatening O -tetany O -may O -accompany O -the O -administration O -of O -intravenous O -diltiazem B-Chemical -and O -that O -calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -may O -be O -a O -rapid O -and O -effective O -remedy O -. O - -aps B-category -Predictors O -of O -decreased O -renal O -function O -in O -patients O -with O -heart O -failure O -during O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- O -converting O -enzyme O -inhibitor O -therapy O -: O -results O -from O -the O -studies O -of O -left O -ventricular O -dysfunction O -( O -SOLVD O -) O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Although O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- O -converting O -enzyme O -inhibitor O -therapy O -reduces O -mortality O -rates O -in O -patients O -with O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -( O -CHF O -) O -, O -it O -may O -also O -cause O -decreased O -renal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Little O -information O -is O -available O -to O -predict O -which O -patients O -are O -at O -highest O -risk O -for O -this O -complication O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -quantify O -specific O -clinical O -predictors O -of O -reduction O -in O -renal O -function O -in O -patients O -with O -CHF O -who O -are O -prescribed O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- O -converting O -enzyme O -inhibitor O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -We O -analyzed O -data O -from O -the O -Studies O -of O -Left O -Ventricular O -Dysfunction O -( O -SOLVD O -) O -, O -a O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -trial O -of O -enalapril B-Chemical -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -CHF O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -3379 O -patients O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -enalapril B-Chemical -with O -a O -median O -follow O -- O -up O -of O -974 O -days O -and O -3379 O -patients O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -placebo O -with O -a O -mean O -follow O -- O -up O -of O -967 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Decreased O -renal O -function O -was O -defined O -as O -a O -rise O -in O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -> O -/ O -= O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -( O -44 O -micromol O -/ O -L O -) O -from O -baseline O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -used O -time O -- O -to O -- O -event O -analysis O -to O -identify O -potential O -predictors O -of O -decrease O -in O -renal O -function O -including O -age O -, O -baseline O -ejection O -fraction O -, O -baseline O -creatinine B-Chemical -, O -low O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -( O -< O -100 O -mm O -Hg O -) O -, O -history O -of O -hypertension O -, O -diabetes O -, O -and O -use O -of O -antiplatelet O -, O -diuretic B-Chemical -, O -and O -beta O -- O -blocker O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Patients O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -enalapril B-Chemical -had O -a O -33 O -% O -greater O -likelihood O -of O -decreased O -renal O -function O -than O -controls O -( O -P O -= O -. O -003 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -multivariate O -analysis O -, O -in O -both O -the O -placebo O -and O -enalapril B-Chemical -groups O -older O -age O -, O -diuretic B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -and O -diabetes O -were O -associated O -with O -decreased O -renal O -function O -, O -whereas O -beta O -- O -blocker O -therapy O -and O -higher O -ejection O -fraction O -were O -renoprotective O -. O - -aps B-category -Older O -age O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -greater O -risk O -of O -developing O -decreased O -renal O -function O -in O -both O -groups O -, O -but O -significantly O -more O -so O -in O -the O -enalapril B-Chemical -group O -( O -enalapril B-Chemical -: O -risk O -ratio O -[ O -RR O -] O -1 O -. O -42 O -per O -10 O -years O -, O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -[ O -CI O -] O -1 O -. O -32 O -- O -1 O -. O -52 O -with O -enalapril B-Chemical -; O -placebo O -: O -RR O -1 O -. O -18 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -1 O -. O -12 O -- O -1 O -. O -25 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Diuretic B-Chemical -therapy O -was O -likewise O -associated O -with O -a O -greater O -risk O -of O -decreased O -renal O -function O -in O -the O -enalapril B-Chemical -group O -( O -RR O -1 O -. O -89 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -1 O -. O -70 O -- O -2 O -. O -08 O -) O -than O -in O -the O -placebo O -group O -( O -RR O -1 O -. O -35 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -1 O -. O -09 O -- O -1 O -. O -66 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversely O -, O -enalapril B-Chemical -had O -a O -relative O -renoprotective O -effect O -( O -RR O -1 O -. O -33 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -1 O -. O -13 O -- O -1 O -. O -53 O -) O -compared O -with O -placebo O -( O -RR O -1 O -. O -96 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -1 O -. O -57 O -- O -2 O -. O -44 O -) O -in O -patients O -with O -diabetes O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -lower O -risk O -of O -renal O -impairment O -was O -seen O -in O -both O -groups O -with O -beta O -- O -blocker O -therapy O -( O -RR O -0 O -. O -70 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -0 O -. O -57 O -- O -0 O -. O -85 O -) O -and O -higher O -baseline O -ejection O -fraction O -( O -RR O -0 O -. O -93 O -per O -5 O -% O -increment O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -0 O -. O -91 O -- O -0 O -. O -96 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Enalapril B-Chemical -use O -caused O -a O -33 O -% O -increase O -in O -the O -risk O -of O -decreased O -renal O -function O -in O -patients O -with O -CHF O -. O - -aps B-category -Diuretic B-Chemical -use O -and O -advanced O -age O -increased O -this O -risk O -. O - -aps B-category -Diabetes O -was O -associated O -with O -an O -increased O -risk O -of O -renal O -impairment O -in O -all O -patients O -with O -CHF O -, O -but O -this O -risk O -was O -reduced O -in O -the O -enalapril B-Chemical -group O -compared O -with O -the O -placebo O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -- O -Blocker O -therapy O -and O -higher O -ejection O -fraction O -were O -renoprotective O -in O -all O -patients O -regardless O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypomania O -- O -like O -syndrome O -induced O -by O -olanzapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -female O -patient O -with O -a O -diagnosis O -of O -a O -not O -otherwise O -specified O -psychotic O -disorder O -( O -DSM O -- O -IV O -) O -who O -developed O -hypomania O -shortly O -after O -the O -introduction O -of O -olanzapine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetazolamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -Gerstmann O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -confusion O -induced O -by O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -is O -a O -well O -known O -adverse O -drug O -reaction O -in O -patients O -with O -renal O -impairment O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -Gerstmann O -syndrome O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -normal O -renal O -function O -, O -to O -highlight O -predisposing O -factors O -that O -are O -frequently O -overlooked O -. O - -aps B-category -Vasopressin B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -milrinone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -in O -severe O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -phosphodiesterase O -inhibitors O -such O -as O -milrinone B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -severe O -heart O -failure O -is O -frequently O -restricted O -because O -they O -cause O -vasodilation O -and O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -with O -decompensated O -heart O -failure O -with O -hypotension O -after O -treatment O -with O -milrinone B-Chemical -, O -low O -doses O -of O -vasopressin B-Chemical -restored O -blood O -pressure O -without O -inhibiting O -the O -inotropic O -effect O -of O -milrinone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -- O -related O -adverse O -effects O -by O -conversion O -to O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -in O -liver O -transplant O -recipients O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -side O -effects O -persist O -despite O -dose O -reduction O -, O -conversion O -to O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -- O -based O -immunosuppression O -( O -CyA O -) O -is O -necessary O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -characterized O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -side O -effects O -that O -warranted O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -drug O -, O -and O -outcomes O -after O -conversion O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -388 O -liver O -recipients O -who O -received O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -as O -primary O -immunosuppression O -, O -70 O -required O -conversion O -to O -CyA O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -recorded O -indication O -for O -conversion O -, O -whether O -conversion O -was O -early O -or O -late O -after O -transplantation O -, O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -dose O -and O -trough O -blood O -level O -at O -conversion O -, O -and O -incidence O -of O -rejection O -after O -conversion O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversion O -was O -early O -in O -29 O -patients O -( O -41 O -. O -4 O -% O -) O -and O -late O -in O -41 O -( O -58 O -. O -6 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Indications O -for O -early O -conversion O -were O -neurotoxicity O -( O -20 O -) O -, O -( O -insulin O -- O -dependent O -) O -diabetes O -mellitus O -( O -IDDM O -) O -( O -5 O -) O -, O -nephrotoxicity O -( O -3 O -) O -, O -gastrointestinal O -( O -GI O -) O -toxicity O -( O -6 O -) O -, O -and O -cardiomyopathy O -( O -1 O -) O -, O -and O -for O -late O -conversion O -were O -neurotoxicity O -( O -15 O -) O -, O -IDDM O -( O -12 O -) O -, O -nephrotoxicity O -( O -3 O -) O -, O -GI O -toxicity O -( O -5 O -) O -, O -hepatotoxicity O -( O -6 O -) O -, O -post O -- O -transplant O -lmphoproliferate O -disease O -( O -PTLD O -) O -( O -2 O -) O -, O -cardiomyopathy O -( O -1 O -) O -, O -hemolytic O -anemia O -( O -1 O -) O -, O -and O -pruritus O -( O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -early O -- O -conversion O -patients O -showed O -improvement O -/ O -resolution O -of O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -late O -- O -conversion O -patients O -, O -37 O -( O -90 O -. O -2 O -% O -) O -had O -improvement O -/ O -resolution O -; O -in O -4 O -( O -9 O -. O -8 O -% O -) O -, O -adverse O -effects O -persisted O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -overall O -rejection O -rate O -was O -30 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Sixty O -- O -two O -patients O -( O -88 O -. O -6 O -% O -) O -are O -alive O -with O -functioning O -grafts O -686 O -+ O -/ O -- O -362 O -days O -( O -range O -, O -154 O -- O -1433 O -days O -) O -after O -conversion O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -side O -effects O -are O -unresponsive O -to O -dose O -reduction O -, O -conversion O -to O -CyA O -can O -be O -accomplished O -safely O -, O -with O -no O -increased O -risk O -of O -rejection O -and O -excellent O -long O -- O -term O -outcome O -. O - -aps B-category -Ocular O -manifestations O -of O -juvenile O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -followed O -210 O -cases O -of O -juvenile O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -closely O -for O -eleven O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -six O -of O -the O -210 O -patients O -( O -17 O -. O -2 O -% O -) O -developed O -iridocyclitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Iridocyclitis O -was O -seen O -most O -frequently O -in O -young O -female O -patients O -( O -0 O -to O -4 O -years O -) O -with O -the O -monoarticular O -or O -pauciatricular O -form O -of O -the O -arthritis O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -30 O -% O -of O -the O -patients O -developed O -uveitis O -after O -16 O -years O -of O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -61 O -% O -of O -patients O -had O -a O -noncontributory O -ocular O -history O -on O -entry O -, O -42 O -% O -had O -active O -uveitis O -on O -entry O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -approach O -was O -effective O -in O -detecting O -uveitis O -in O -new O -cases O -and O -exacerbations O -of O -uveitis O -in O -established O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -- O -four O -percent O -of O -patients O -with O -uveitis O -had O -one O -or O -more O -identifiable O -signs O -or O -symptoms O -, O -such O -as O -red O -eye O -, O -ocular O -pain O -, O -decreased O -visual O -acuity O -, O -or O -photophobia O -, O -in O -order O -of O -decreasing O -frequency O -. O - -aps B-category -Even O -after O -early O -detection O -and O -prompt O -treatment O -, O -41 O -% O -of O -cases O -of O -uveitis O -did O -not O -respond O -to O -more O -than O -six O -months O -of O -intensive O -topical O -treatment O -with O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -and O -mydriatics O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -this O -, O -there O -was O -a O -dramatic O -decrease O -in O -the O -50 O -% O -incidence O -of O -blinding O -complications O -of O -uveitis O -cited O -in O -earlier O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Cataract O -and O -band O -keratopathy O -occurred O -in O -only O -22 O -and O -13 O -% O -of O -our O -group O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -used O -chloroquine B-Chemical -or O -hydroxychloroquine B-Chemical -in O -173 O -of O -210 O -cases O -and O -found O -only O -one O -case O -of O -chorioretinopathy O -attributable O -to O -these O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Systemically O -administered O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -were O -used O -in O -75 O -of O -210 O -cases O -; O -a O -significant O -number O -of O -posterior O -subcapsular O -cataracts O -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Typical O -keratoconjunctivitis O -sicca O -developed O -in O -three O -of O -the O -uveitis O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -association O -with O -uveitis O -and O -JRA O -was O -not O -noted O -previously O -. O - -aps B-category -Surgical O -treatment O -of O -cataracts O -, O -band O -keratopathy O -, O -and O -glaucoma O -achieved O -uniformly O -discouraging O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cystitis O -in O -freely O -- O -moving O -conscious O -rats O -: O -behavioral O -approach O -to O -a O -new O -model O -of O -visceral O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -To O -develop O -a O -model O -of O -visceral O -pain O -in O -rats O -using O -a O -behavioral O -approach O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -CP B-Chemical -) O -, O -an O -antitumoral O -agent O -known O -to O -produce O -toxic O -effects O -on O -the O -bladder O -wall O -through O -its O -main O -toxic O -metabolite O -acrolein B-Chemical -, O -was O -used O -to O -induce O -cystitis O -. O - -aps B-category -MATERIALS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -CP B-Chemical -was O -administered O -at O -doses O -of O -50 O -, O -100 O -and O -200 O -mg O -. O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -i O -. O -p O -. O -to O -male O -rats O -, O -and O -their O -behavior O -observed O -and O -scored O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -to O -4 O -mg O -. O -/ O -kg O -. O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -on O -CP B-Chemical -- O -induced O -behavioral O -modifications O -were O -tested O -administered O -alone O -and O -after O -naloxone B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -. O -/ O -kg O -. O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -90 O -minutes O -after O -CP B-Chemical -injection O -, O -that O -is O -, O -at O -the O -time O -of O -administration O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -the O -bladder O -was O -removed O -in O -some O -rats O -for O -histological O -examination O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -to O -show O -that O -the O -bladder O -is O -essential O -for O -the O -CP B-Chemical -- O -induced O -behavioral O -modifications O -, O -female O -rats O -also O -received O -CP B-Chemical -at O -doses O -of O -200 O -mg O -. O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -i O -. O -p O -. O -and O -of O -20 O -mg O -. O -by O -the O -intravesical O -route O -, O -and O -acrolein B-Chemical -at O -doses O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -. O -by O -the O -intravesical O -route O -and O -of O -5 O -mg O -. O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -i O -. O -v O -. O -RESULTS O -: O -CP B-Chemical -dose O -- O -relatedly O -induced O -marked O -behavioral O -modifications O -in O -male O -rats O -: O -breathing O -rate O -decrease O -, O -closing O -of O -the O -eyes O -and O -occurrence O -of O -specific O -postures O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -dose O -- O -dependently O -reversed O -these O -behavioral O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -. O -/ O -kg O -. O -produced O -a O -reduction O -of O -almost O -50 O -% O -of O -the O -behavioral O -score O -induced O -by O -CP B-Chemical -200 O -mg O -. O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -was O -completely O -prevented O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -naloxone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -time O -of O -administration O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -histological O -modifications O -of O -the O -bladder O -wall O -, O -such O -as O -chorionic O -and O -muscle O -layer O -edema O -, O -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -female O -rats O -, O -CP B-Chemical -200 O -mg O -. O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -i O -. O -p O -. O -produced O -the O -same O -marked O -behavioral O -modifications O -as O -those O -observed O -in O -male O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Administered O -at O -the O -dose O -of O -20 O -mg O -. O -intravesically O -, O -CP B-Chemical -did O -not O -produce O -any O -behavioral O -effects O -, O -whereas O -acrolein B-Chemical -at O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -. O -intravesically O -induced O -behavioral O -modifications O -identical O -to O -those O -under O -CP B-Chemical -200 O -mg O -. O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -i O -. O -p O -. O -, O -with O -the O -same O -maximal O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversely O -, O -acrolein B-Chemical -5 O -mg O -. O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -i O -. O -v O -. O -did O -not O -produce O -any O -behavioral O -effects O -at O -all O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Overall O -, O -these O -results O -indicate O -that O -this O -experimental O -model O -of O -CP B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cystitis O -may O -be O -an O -interesting O -new O -behavioral O -model O -of O -inflammatory O -visceral O -pain O -, O -allowing O -a O -better O -understanding O -of O -these O -painful O -syndromes O -and O -thus O -a O -better O -therapeutic O -approach O -to O -them O -. O - -aps B-category -Prednisolone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -muscle O -dysfunction O -is O -caused O -more O -by O -atrophy O -than O -by O -altered O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptor O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -Large O -doses O -of O -glucocorticoids O -can O -alter O -muscle O -physiology O -and O -susceptibility O -to O -neuromuscular O -blocking O -drugs O -by O -mechanisms O -not O -clearly O -understood O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -investigated O -the O -effects O -of O -moderate O -and O -large O -doses O -of O -prednisolone B-Chemical -on O -muscle O -function O -and O -pharmacology O -, O -and O -their O -relationship O -to O -changes O -in O -muscle O -size O -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptor O -( O -AChR O -) O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -institutional O -approval O -, O -35 O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -were O -randomly O -allocated O -to O -receive O -daily O -subcutaneous O -doses O -of O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -prednisolone B-Chemical -( O -P10 O -group O -) O -, O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -prednisolone B-Chemical -( O -P100 O -group O -) O -, O -or O -an O -equal O -volume O -of O -saline O -( O -S O -group O -) O -for O -7 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -fourth O -group O -of O -rats O -was O -pair O -fed O -( O -food O -restricted O -) O -with O -the O -P100 O -rats O -for O -7 O -days O -( O -FR O -group O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -Day O -8 O -, O -the O -nerve O -- O -evoked O -peak O -twitch O -tensions O -, O -tetanic O -tensions O -, O -and O -fatigability O -, O -and O -the O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tubocurarine I-Chemical -in O -the O -tibialis O -cranialis O -muscle O -were O -measured O -in O -vivo O -and O -related O -to O -muscle O -mass O -or O -expression O -of O -AChRs O -. O - -aps B-category -Rate O -of O -body O -weight O -gain O -was O -depressed O -in O -the O -P100 O -, O -FR O -, O -and O -P10 O -groups O -compared O -with O -the O -S O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Tibialis O -muscle O -mass O -was O -smaller O -in O -the O -P100 O -group O -than O -in O -the O -P10 O -or O -S O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -evoked O -peak O -twitch O -and O -tetanic O -tensions O -were O -less O -in O -the O -P100 O -group O -than O -in O -the O -P10 O -or O -S O -groups O -, O -however O -, O -tension O -per O -milligram O -of O -muscle O -mass O -was O -greater O -in O -the O -P100 O -group O -than O -in O -the O -S O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -50 O -% O -effective O -dose O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tubocurarine I-Chemical -( O -microg O -/ O -kg O -) O -in O -the O -tibialis O -muscle O -was O -smaller O -in O -the O -P10 O -( O -33 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -. O -4 O -) O -than O -in O -the O -S O -( O -61 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -. O -0 O -) O -or O -the O -P100 O -( O -71 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -9 O -. O -6 O -) O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -AChR O -expression O -was O -less O -in O -the O -P10 O -group O -than O -in O -the O -S O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -evoked O -tensions O -correlated O -with O -muscle O -mass O -( O -r O -( O -2 O -) O -= O -0 O -. O -32 O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -however O -, O -not O -with O -expression O -of O -AChR O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -50 O -% O -effective O -dose O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tubocurarine I-Chemical -did O -not O -correlate O -with O -muscle O -mass O -or O -AChR O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -neuromuscular O -dysfunction O -after O -prednisolone B-Chemical -is O -dose O -- O -dependent O -, O -and O -derives O -primarily O -from O -muscle O -atrophy O -and O -derives O -less O -so O -from O -changes O -in O -AChR O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -IMPLICATIONS O -: O -The O -mechanisms O -by O -which O -chronic O -glucocorticoid O -therapy O -alters O -neuromuscular O -physiology O -and O -pharmacology O -are O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -that O -the O -observed O -effects O -are O -dose O -- O -dependent O -and O -derive O -primarily O -from O -muscle O -atrophy O -and O -derive O -less O -from O -changes O -in O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptor O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -Apomorphine B-Chemical -: O -an O -underutilized O -therapy O -for O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Apomorphine B-Chemical -was O -the O -first O -dopaminergic O -drug O -ever O -used O -to O -treat O -symptoms O -of O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -powerful O -antiparkinsonian O -effects O -had O -been O -observed O -as O -early O -as O -1951 O -, O -the O -potential O -of O -treating O -fluctuating O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -by O -subcutaneous O -administration O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -has O -only O -recently O -become O -the O -subject O -of O -systematic O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -number O -of O -small O -scale O -clinical O -trials O -have O -unequivocally O -shown O -that O -intermittent O -subcutaneous O -apomorphine B-Chemical -injections O -produce O -antiparkinsonian O -benefit O -close O -if O -not O -identical O -to O -that O -seen O -with O -levodopa B-Chemical -and O -that O -apomorphine B-Chemical -rescue O -injections O -can O -reliably O -revert O -off O -- O -periods O -even O -in O -patients O -with O -complex O -on O -- O -off O -motor O -swings O -. O - -aps B-category -Continuous O -subcutaneous O -apomorphine B-Chemical -infusions O -can O -reduce O -daily O -off O -- O -time O -by O -more O -than O -50 O -% O -in O -this O -group O -of O -patients O -, O -which O -appears O -to O -be O -a O -stronger O -effect O -than O -that O -generally O -seen O -with O -add O -- O -on O -therapy O -with O -oral O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonists O -or O -COMT O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Extended O -follow O -- O -up O -studies O -of O -up O -to O -8 O -years O -have O -demonstrated O -long O -- O -term O -persistence O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -efficacy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -there O -is O -convincing O -clinical O -evidence O -that O -monotherapy O -with O -continuous O -subcutaneous O -apomorphine B-Chemical -infusions O -is O -associated O -with O -marked O -reductions O -of O -preexisting O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -main O -side O -effects O -of O -subcutaneous O -apomorphine B-Chemical -treatment O -are O -related O -to O -cutaneous O -tolerability O -problems O -, O -whereas O -sedation O -and O -psychiatric O -complications O -play O -a O -lesser O -role O -. O - -aps B-category -Given O -the O -marked O -degree O -of O -efficacy O -of O -subcutaneous O -apomorphine B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -fluctuating O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -, O -this O -approach O -seems O -to O -deserve O -more O -widespread O -clinical O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Probing O -peripheral O -and O -central O -cholinergic O -system O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -The O -pharmacological O -response O -to O -drugs O -that O -act O -on O -the O -cholinergic O -system O -of O -the O -iris O -has O -been O -used O -to O -predict O -deficits O -in O -central O -cholinergic O -functioning O -due O -to O -diseases O -such O -as O -Alzheimer O -' O -s O -disease O -, O -yet O -correlations O -between O -central O -and O -peripheral O -responses O -have O -not O -been O -properly O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -assessed O -the O -effect O -of O -normal O -aging O -on O -( O -1 O -) O -the O -tropicamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -increase O -in O -pupil O -diameter O -, O -and O -( O -2 O -) O -the O -reversal O -of O -this O -effect O -with O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Scopolamine B-Chemical -was O -used O -as O -a O -positive O -control O -to O -detect O -age O -- O -dependent O -changes O -in O -central O -cholinergic O -functioning O -in O -the O -elderly O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -Randomized O -double O -- O -blind O -controlled O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -PARTICIPANTS O -: O -Ten O -healthy O -elderly O -( O -mean O -age O -70 O -) O -and O -9 O -young O -( O -mean O -age O -33 O -) O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -INTERVENTIONS O -: O -Pupil O -diameter O -was O -monitored O -using O -a O -computerized O -infrared O -pupillometer O -over O -4 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -involved O -4 O -sessions O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -1 O -session O -, O -tropicamide B-Chemical -( O -20 O -microL O -, O -0 O -. O -01 O -% O -) O -was O -administered O -to O -one O -eye O -and O -placebo O -to O -the O -other O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -another O -session O -, O -tropicamide B-Chemical -( O -20 O -microL O -, O -0 O -. O -01 O -% O -) O -was O -administered O -to O -both O -eyes O -, O -followed O -23 O -minutes O -later O -by O -the O -application O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -( O -20 O -microL O -, O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -to O -one O -eye O -and O -placebo O -to O -the O -other O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -eye O -drops O -were O -given O -in O -a O -randomized O -order O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -2 O -separate O -sessions O -, O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -scopolamine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -, O -intravenously O -) O -or O -placebo O -was O -administered O -, O -and O -the O -effects O -on O -word O -recall O -were O -measured O -using O -the O -Buschke O -Selective O -Reminding O -Test O -over O -2 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -OUTCOME O -MEASURES O -: O -Pupil O -size O -at O -time O -points O -after O -administration O -of O -tropicamide B-Chemical -and O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -; O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -impairment O -in O -word O -recall O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -There O -was O -no O -significant O -difference O -between O -elderly O -and O -young O -volunteers O -in O -pupillary O -response O -to O -tropicamide B-Chemical -at O -any O -time O -point O -( O -p O -> O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -elderly O -group O -had O -a O -significantly O -greater O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -net O -decrease O -in O -pupil O -size O -85 O -, O -125 O -, O -165 O -and O -215 O -minutes O -after O -administration O -, O -compared O -with O -the O -young O -group O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -with O -the O -young O -group O -, O -the O -elderly O -group O -had O -greater O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -impairment O -in O -word O -recall O -60 O -, O -90 O -and O -120 O -minutes O -after O -administration O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -There O -is O -an O -age O -- O -related O -pupillary O -response O -to O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -that O -is O -not O -found O -with O -tropicamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -may O -be O -useful O -to O -assess O -variations O -in O -central O -cholinergic O -function O -in O -elderly O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Pain O -responses O -in O -methadone B-Chemical -- O -maintained O -opioid O -abusers O -. O - -aps B-category -Providing O -pain O -management O -for O -known O -opioid O -abusers O -is O -a O -challenging O -clinical O -task O -, O -in O -part O -because O -little O -is O -known O -about O -their O -pain O -experience O -and O -analgesic O -requirements O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -describe O -pain O -tolerance O -and O -analgesic O -response O -in O -a O -sample O -of O -opioid O -addicts O -stabilized O -in O -methadone B-Chemical -- O -maintenance O -( O -MM O -) O -treatment O -( O -n O -= O -60 O -) O -in O -comparison O -to O -matched O -nondependent O -control O -subjects O -( O -n O -= O -60 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -using O -a O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -, O -two O -- O -way O -factorial O -design O -, O -tolerance O -to O -cold O -- O -pressor O -( O -CP O -) O -pain O -was O -examined O -, O -both O -before O -and O -after O -oral O -administration O -of O -therapeutic O -doses O -of O -common O -opioid O -( O -hydromorphone B-Chemical -2 O -mg O -) O -and O -nonsteroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -( O -ketorolac B-Chemical -10 O -mg O -) O -analgesic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -showed O -that O -MM O -individuals O -were O -significantly O -less O -tolerant O -of O -CP O -pain O -than O -control O -subjects O -, O -replicating O -previous O -work O -. O - -aps B-category -Analgesic O -effects O -were O -significant O -neither O -for O -medication O -nor O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -MM O -opioid O -abusers O -represent O -a O -pain O -- O -intolerant O -subset O -of O -clinical O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -complaints O -of O -pain O -should O -be O -evaluated O -seriously O -and O -managed O -aggressively O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -- O -dose O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -may O -do O -more O -harm O -for O -spinal O -cord O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -the O -National O -Acute O -Spinal O -Cord O -Injury O -Studies O -( O -NASCIS O -) O -, O -high O -- O -dose O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -became O -the O -standard O -of O -care O -for O -the O -acute O -spinal O -cord O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -NASCIS O -, O -there O -was O -no O -mention O -regarding O -the O -possibility O -of O -acute O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -myopathy O -that O -high O -- O -dose O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -may O -cause O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dosage O -of O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -recommended O -by O -the O -NASCIS O -3 O -is O -the O -highest O -dose O -of O -steroids B-Chemical -ever O -being O -used O -during O -a O -2 O -- O -day O -period O -for O -any O -clinical O -condition O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -hypothesize O -that O -it O -may O -cause O -some O -damage O -to O -the O -muscle O -of O -spinal O -cord O -injury O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -, O -steroid B-Chemical -myopathy O -recovers O -naturally O -and O -the O -neurological O -improvement O -shown O -in O -the O -NASCIS O -may O -be O -just O -a O -recording O -of O -this O -natural O -motor O -recovery O -from O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -myopathy O -, O -instead O -of O -any O -protection O -that O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -offers O -to O -the O -spinal O -cord O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -our O -knowledge O -, O -this O -is O -the O -first O -discussion O -considering O -the O -possibility O -that O -the O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -recommended O -by O -NASCIS O -may O -cause O -acute O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -myopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversion O -to O -rapamycin B-Chemical -immunosuppression O -in O -renal O -transplant O -recipients O -: O -report O -of O -an O -initial O -experience O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -is O -to O -evaluate O -the O -effects O -of O -RAPA B-Chemical -conversion O -in O -patients O -undergoing O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -( O -CsA B-Chemical -) O -or O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -( O -Tac B-Chemical -) O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Twenty O -renal O -transplant O -recipients O -were O -switched O -to O -fixed O -dose O -rapamycin B-Chemical -( O -RAPA B-Chemical -) O -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -0 O -to O -204 O -months O -posttransplant O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -monitoring O -was O -not O -initially O -used O -to O -adjust O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -indications O -for O -switch O -were O -chronic O -CsA B-Chemical -or O -Tac B-Chemical -nephrotoxicity O -( O -12 O -) O -, O -acute O -CsA B-Chemical -or O -Tac B-Chemical -toxicity O -( O -3 O -) O -, O -severe O -facial O -dysmorphism O -( O -2 O -) O -, O -posttransplant O -lymphoproliferative O -disorder O -( O -PTLD O -) O -in O -remission O -( O -2 O -) O -, O -and O -hepatotoxicity O -in O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Follow O -- O -up O -is O -7 O -to O -24 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -In O -the O -12 O -patients O -switched O -because O -of O -chronic O -nephrotoxicity O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -[ O -233 O -+ O -/ O -- O -34 O -to O -210 O -+ O -/ O -- O -56 O -micromol O -/ O -liter O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -at O -6 O -months O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Facial O -dysmorphism O -improved O -in O -two O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -relapse O -of O -PTLD O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -patients O -developed O -pneumonia O -( O -two O -Pneumocystis O -carinii O -pneumonia O -, O -one O -infectious O -mononucleosis O -with O -polyclonal O -PTLD O -lung O -infiltrate O -) O -and O -two O -had O -bronchiolitis O -obliterans O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -deaths O -. O - -aps B-category -RAPA B-Chemical -was O -discontinued O -in O -four O -patients O -, O -because O -of O -pneumonia O -in O -two O -, O -PTLD O -in O -one O -, O -and O -oral O -aphtous O -ulcers O -in O -one O -. O - -aps B-category -RAPA B-Chemical -levels O -were O -high O -( O -> O -15 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -) O -in O -7 O -of O -13 O -( O -54 O -% O -) O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -RAPA B-Chemical -conversion O -provides O -adequate O -immunosuppression O -to O -enable O -CsA B-Chemical -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -when O -converting O -patients O -to O -RAPA B-Chemical -drug O -levels O -should O -be O -monitored O -to O -avoid O -over O -- O -immunosuppression O -and O -adequate O -antiviral O -and O -Pneumocystis O -carinii O -pneumonia O -prophylaxis O -should O -be O -given O -. O - -aps B-category -Electro O -- O -oculography O -, O -electroretinography O -, O -visual O -evoked O -potentials O -, O -and O -multifocal O -electroretinography O -in O -patients O -with O -vigabatrin B-Chemical -- O -attributed O -visual O -field O -constriction O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -Symptomatic O -visual O -field O -constriction O -thought O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -vigabatrin B-Chemical -has O -been O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -current O -study O -investigated O -the O -visual O -fields O -and O -visual O -electrophysiology O -of O -eight O -patients O -with O -known O -vigabatrin B-Chemical -- O -attributed O -visual O -field O -loss O -, O -three O -of O -whom O -were O -reported O -previously O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -of O -the O -patients O -were O -no O -longer O -receiving O -vigabatrin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -The O -central O -and O -peripheral O -fields O -were O -examined O -with O -the O -Humphrey O -Visual O -Field O -Analyzer O -. O - -aps B-category -Full O -visual O -electrophysiology O -, O -including O -flash O -electroretinography O -( O -ERG O -) O -, O -pattern O -electroretinography O -, O -multifocal O -ERG O -using O -the O -VERIS O -system O -, O -electro O -- O -oculography O -, O -and O -flash O -and O -pattern O -visual O -evoked O -potentials O -, O -was O -undertaken O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Seven O -patients O -showed O -marked O -visual O -field O -constriction O -with O -some O -sparing O -of O -the O -temporal O -visual O -field O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -eighth O -exhibited O -concentric O -constriction O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -electrophysiological O -responses O -were O -usually O -just O -within O -normal O -limits O -; O -two O -patients O -had O -subnormal O -Arden O -electro O -- O -oculography O -indices O -; O -and O -one O -patient O -showed O -an O -abnormally O -delayed O -photopic O -b O -wave O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -five O -patients O -showed O -delayed O -30 O -- O -Hz O -flicker O -b O -waves O -, O -and O -seven O -patients O -showed O -delayed O -oscillatory O -potentials O -. O - -aps B-category -Multifocal O -ERG O -showed O -abnormalities O -that O -sometimes O -correlated O -with O -the O -visual O -field O -appearance O -and O -confirmed O -that O -the O -deficit O -occurs O -at O -the O -retinal O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Marked O -visual O -field O -constriction O -appears O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -vigabatrin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -field O -defects O -and O -some O -electrophysiological O -abnormalities O -persist O -when O -vigabatrin B-Chemical -therapy O -is O -withdrawn O -. O - -aps B-category -Myocardial O -ischemia O -due O -to O -coronary O -artery O -spasm O -during O -dobutamine B-Chemical -stress O -echocardiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Dobutamine B-Chemical -stress O -echocardiography O -( O -DSE O -) O -is O -a O -useful O -and O -safe O -provocation O -test O -for O -myocardial O -ischemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Until O -now O -, O -the O -test O -has O -been O -focused O -only O -on O -the O -organic O -lesion O -in O -the O -coronary O -artery O -, O -and O -positive O -DSE O -has O -indicated O -the O -presence O -of O -significant O -fixed O -coronary O -artery O -stenosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -the O -present O -study O -is O -to O -examine O -whether O -myocardial O -ischemia O -due O -to O -coronary O -spasm O -is O -induced O -by O -dobutamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -performed O -DSE O -on O -51 O -patients O -with O -coronary O -spastic O -angina O -but O -without O -significant O -fixed O -coronary O -artery O -stenosis O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -had O -anginal O -attacks O -at O -rest O -with O -ST O -elevation O -on O -the O -electrocardiogram O -( O -variant O -angina O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Coronary O -spasm O -was O -induced O -by O -intracoronary O -injection O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -, O -and O -no O -fixed O -coronary O -artery O -stenosis O -was O -documented O -on O -angiograms O -in O -all O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -DSE O -was O -performed O -with O -intravenous O -dobutamine B-Chemical -infusion O -with O -an O -incremental O -doses O -of O -5 O -, O -10 O -, O -20 O -, O -30 O -, O -and O -40 O -microg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -every O -5 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -51 O -patients O -, O -7 O -patients O -showed O -asynergy O -with O -ST O -elevation O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -7 O -patients O -( O -13 O -. O -7 O -% O -) O -had O -chest O -pain O -during O -asynergy O -, O -and O -both O -chest O -pain O -and O -electrocardiographic O -changes O -were O -preceded O -by O -asynergy O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -indicate O -that O -dobutamine B-Chemical -can O -provoke O -coronary O -spasm O -in O -some O -patients O -with O -coronary O -spastic O -angina O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -DSE O -is O -performed O -to O -evaluate O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -, O -not O -only O -fixed O -coronary O -stenosis O -, O -but O -also O -coronary O -spasm O -should O -be O -considered O -as O -a O -genesis O -of O -asynergy O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -intravenous O -metoprolol B-Chemical -or O -intravenous O -metoprolol B-Chemical -plus O -glucagon O -on O -dobutamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -ischemia O -. O - -aps B-category -STUDY O -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -determine O -the O -effect O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -on O -dobutamine B-Chemical -stress O -testing O -with O -technetium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -99m I-Chemical -sestamibi I-Chemical -single O -- O -photon O -emission O -computed O -tomography O -imaging O -and O -ST O -- O -segment O -monitoring O -, O -and O -to O -assess O -the O -impact O -of O -intravenous O -glucagon O -on O -metoprolol B-Chemical -' O -s O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -Randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -SETTING O -: O -Community O -hospital O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -: O -Twenty O -- O -two O -patients O -with O -known O -reversible O -perfusion O -defects O -. O - -aps B-category -INTERVENTION O -: O -Patients O -underwent O -dobutamine B-Chemical -stress O -tests O -per O -standard O -protocol O -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -dobutamine B-Chemical -was O -begun O -, O -no O -therapy O -was O -given O -during O -the O -first O -visit O -, O -and O -patients O -were O -randomized O -on O -subsequent O -visits O -to O -receive O -metoprolol B-Chemical -or O -metoprolol B-Chemical -plus O -glucagon O -1 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -Metoprolol B-Chemical -was O -dosed O -to O -achieve O -a O -resting O -predobutamine B-Chemical -heart O -rate O -below O -65 O -beats O -/ O -minute O -or O -a O -total O -intravenous O -dose O -of O -20 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -MEASUREMENTS O -AND O -MAIN O -RESULTS O -: O -Metoprolol B-Chemical -reduced O -maximum O -heart O -rate O -31 O -% O -, O -summed O -stress O -scores O -29 O -% O -, O -and O -summed O -difference O -scores O -43 O -% O -versus O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Metoprolol B-Chemical -plus O -glucagon O -also O -reduced O -the O -maximum O -heart O -rate O -29 O -% O -versus O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Summed O -stress O -and O -summed O -difference O -scores O -were O -not O -significantly O -reduced O -, O -although O -they O -were O -18 O -% O -and O -30 O -% O -lower O -, O -respectively O -, O -than O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -differences O -were O -found O -in O -any O -parameter O -between O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -metoprolol B-Chemical -- O -glucagon O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -During O -dobutamine B-Chemical -stress O -testing O -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -attenuates O -or O -eliminates O -evidence O -of O -myocardial O -ischemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucagon O -1 O -mg O -, O -although O -somewhat O -effective O -, O -does O -not O -correct O -this O -effect O -to O -the O -extent O -that O -it O -can O -be O -administered O -clinically O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -of O -functional O -somatotopy O -in O -GPi O -from O -results O -of O -pallidotomy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -objective O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -explore O -the O -functional O -anatomy O -of O -the O -globus O -pallidus O -internus O -( O -GPi O -) O -by O -studying O -the O -effects O -of O -unilateral O -pallidotomy O -on O -parkinsonian O -' O -off O -' O -signs O -and O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -( O -LID O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -significant O -positive O -correlations O -between O -the O -preoperative O -levodopa B-Chemical -responsiveness O -of O -motor O -signs O -and O -the O -levodopa B-Chemical -responsiveness O -of O -scores O -in O -timed O -tests O -( O -Core O -Assessment O -Program O -for O -Intracerebral O -Transplantations O -) O -in O -the O -contralateral O -limbs O -and O -the O -improvement O -in O -these O -scores O -after O -surgery O -, O -whereas O -there O -was O -no O -correlation O -with O -the O -improvement O -in O -LID O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -also O -found O -a O -highly O -significant O -correlation O -( O -P O -: O -< O -0 O -. O -0001 O -, O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -8 O -) O -between O -the O -volume O -of O -the O -ventral O -lesion O -in O -the O -GPi O -and O -the O -improvement O -in O -LID O -in O -the O -contralateral O -limbs O -, O -whereas O -there O -was O -no O -correlation O -between O -the O -ventral O -volume O -and O -the O -improvement O -in O -parkinsonian O -' O -off O -' O -signs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -volumes O -of O -the O -total O -lesion O -cylinder O -and O -the O -dorsal O -lesion O -did O -not O -correlate O -with O -the O -outcome O -of O -either O -dyskinesias O -or O -parkinsonian O -' O -off O -' O -signs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -differential O -predictive O -value O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -responsiveness O -for O -the O -outcome O -of O -parkinsonian O -' O -off O -' O -signs O -and O -LID O -and O -the O -different O -correlations O -of O -ventral O -lesion O -volume O -with O -dyskinesias O -and O -parkinsonian O -' O -off O -' O -signs O -indicate O -that O -different O -anatomical O -or O -pathophysiological O -substrates O -may O -be O -responsible O -for O -the O -generation O -of O -parkinsonian O -' O -off O -' O -signs O -and O -dyskinesias O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -cells O -in O -a O -wider O -area O -of O -the O -GPi O -may O -be O -implicated O -in O -parkinsonism O -, O -the O -ventral O -GPi O -seems O -to O -be O -crucial O -for O -the O -manifestation O -of O -LID O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -that O -our O -observations O -are O -additional O -proof O -of O -the O -functional O -somatotopy O -of O -the O -systems O -within O -the O -GPi O -that O -mediate O -parkinsonism O -and O -dyskinesias O -, O -especially O -along O -the O -dorsoventral O -trajectory O -used O -in O -pallidotomy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -outcome O -of O -pallidotomy O -in O -which O -the O -lesion O -involves O -the O -ventral O -and O -dorsal O -GPi O -could O -be O -the O -net O -effect O -of O -alteration O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -pathways O -which O -mediate O -different O -symptoms O -, O -and O -hence O -could O -be O -variable O -. O - -aps B-category -Screening O -for O -stimulant O -use O -in O -adult O -emergency O -department O -seizure O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -The O -objective O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -the O -prevalence O -of O -positive O -plasma O -drug O -screening O -for O -cocaine B-Chemical -or O -amphetamine B-Chemical -in O -adult O -emergency O -department O -seizure O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -This O -prospective O -study O -evaluated O -consecutive O -eligible O -seizure O -patients O -who O -had O -a O -plasma O -sample O -collected O -as O -part O -of O -their O -clinical O -evaluation O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -was O -tested O -for O -amphetamine B-Chemical -and O -the O -cocaine B-Chemical -metabolite O -benzoylecgonine B-Chemical -using O -enzyme O -- O -mediated O -immunoassay O -methodology O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -samples O -with O -benzoylecgonine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -150 O -ng O -/ O -mL O -or O -an O -amphetamine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -500 O -ng O -/ O -mL O -were O -defined O -as O -positive O -. O - -aps B-category -Patient O -demographics O -, O -history O -of O -underlying O -drug O -or O -alcohol B-Chemical -- O -related O -seizure O -disorder O -, O -estimated O -time O -from O -seizure O -to O -sample O -collection O -, O -history O -or O -suspicion O -of O -cocaine O -or O -amphetamine O -abuse O -, O -results O -of O -clinical O -urine O -testing O -for O -drugs O -of O -abuse O -, O -and O -assay O -results O -were O -recorded O -without O -patient O -identifiers O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Fourteen O -of O -248 O -( O -5 O -. O -6 O -% O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -2 O -. O -7 O -% O -- O -8 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -plasma O -samples O -were O -positive O -by O -immunoassay O -testing O -for O -benzoylecgonine B-Chemical -and O -no O -samples O -( O -0 O -% O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -0 O -- O -1 O -. O -2 O -% O -) O -were O -positive O -for O -amphetamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Positive O -test O -results O -were O -more O -common O -in O -patient O -visits O -where O -there O -was O -a O -history O -or O -suspicion O -of O -cocaine O -or O -amphetamine O -abuse O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -0005 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -During O -this O -study O -period O -, O -routine O -plasma O -screening O -for O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -amphetamines B-Chemical -in O -adult O -seizure O -patients O -had O -a O -low O -yield O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -result O -, O -routine O -plasma O -screening O -would O -yield O -few O -cases O -of O -stimulant O -drug O -in O -which O -there O -was O -neither O -a O -history O -nor O -suspicion O -of O -drug O -abuse O -in O -this O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -Contribution O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -valproate I-Chemical -to O -the O -syndrome O -of O -inappropriate O -secretion O -of O -antidiuretic O -hormone O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -case O -of O -a O -62 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -who O -was O -administered O -sodium B-Chemical -valproate I-Chemical -( O -VPA B-Chemical -) O -and O -who O -subsequently O -developed O -the O -syndrome O -of O -inappropriate O -secretion O -of O -antidiuretic O -hormone O -( O -SIADH O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -had O -been O -taking O -VPA B-Chemical -for O -treatment O -of O -idiopathic O -generalized O -tonic O -- O -clonic O -convulsions O -since O -he O -was O -56 O -years O -old O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -substituting O -VPA B-Chemical -with O -zonisamide B-Chemical -, O -the O -serum O -sodium B-Chemical -level O -returned O -to O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -consider O -this O -episode O -of O -SIADH O -to O -be O -the O -result O -of O -a O -combination O -of O -factors O -including O -a O -weakness O -of O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -and O -the O -long O -- O -term O -administration O -of O -VPA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Association O -of O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -production O -and O -apoptosis O -in O -a O -model O -of O -experimental O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -In O -recent O -studies O -increased O -amounts O -of O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -( O -NO B-Chemical -) O -and O -apoptosis O -have O -been O -implicated O -in O -various O -pathological O -conditions O -in O -the O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -studied O -the O -role O -of O -NO B-Chemical -and O -its O -association O -with O -apoptosis O -in O -an O -experimental O -model O -of O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -induced O -by O -a O -single O -injection O -of O -adriamycin B-Chemical -( O -ADR B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -The O -alteration O -in O -the O -NO B-Chemical -pathway O -was O -assessed O -by O -measuring O -nitrite B-Chemical -levels O -in O -serum O -/ O -urine O -and O -by O -evaluating O -the O -changes O -in O -vascular O -reactivity O -of O -the O -isolated O -perfused O -rat O -kidney O -( O -IPRK O -) O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -were O -stratified O -into O -control O -groups O -and O -ADR B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephropathy O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -two O -groups O -were O -then O -divided O -into O -: O -group O -1 O -, O -animals O -receiving O -saline O -; O -and O -group O -2 O -, O -animals O -receiving O -aminoguanidine B-Chemical -( O -AG B-Chemical -) O -which O -is O -a O -specific O -inhibitor O -of O -inducible O -- O -NO B-Chemical -synthase O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -day O -21 O -, O -rats O -were O -sacrificed O -after O -obtaining O -material O -for O -biochemical O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Histopathological O -examination O -of O -the O -kidneys O -of O -rats O -treated O -with O -ADR B-Chemical -revealed O -focal O -areas O -of O -mesangial O -proliferation O -and O -mild O -tubulointerstitial O -inflammation O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -also O -had O -significantly O -higher O -levels O -of O -proteinuria O -compared O -with O -control O -and O -treatment O -groups O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Urine O -nitrite B-Chemical -levels O -were O -significantly O -increased O -in O -the O -ADR B-Chemical -- O -nephropathy O -group O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -IPRK O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -related O -responses O -were O -significantly O -impaired O -in O -the O -ADR B-Chemical -- O -nephropathy O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Apoptosis O -was O -not O -detected O -in O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -the O -ADR B-Chemical -- O -nephropathy O -group O -, O -numerous O -apoptotic O -cells O -were O -identified O -in O -the O -tubulointerstitial O -areas O -. O - -aps B-category -Double O -staining O -revealed O -numerous O -interstitial O -apoptotic O -cells O -to O -stain O -for O -ED1 O -, O -a O -marker O -for O -monocytes O -/ O -macrophages O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -AG B-Chemical -prevented O -the O -impairment O -of O -renal O -vascular O -bed O -responses O -and O -reduced O -both O -urine O -nitrite B-Chemical -levels O -and O -apoptosis O -to O -control O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -We O -suggest O -that O -interactions O -between O -NO B-Chemical -and O -apoptosis O -are O -important O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -the O -ADR B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Dual O -effects O -of O -melatonin B-Chemical -on O -barbiturate B-Chemical -- O -induced O -narcosis O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Melatonin B-Chemical -affects O -the O -circadian O -sleep O -/ O -wake O -cycle O -, O -but O -it O -is O -not O -clear O -whether O -it O -may O -influence O -drug O -- O -induced O -narcosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -thiopenthal I-Chemical -was O -administered O -intraperitoneally O -into O -male O -rats O -pre O -- O -treated O -with O -melatonin B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -05 O -, O -0 O -. O -5 O -, O -5 O -and O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Melatonin B-Chemical -pre O -- O -treatment O -affected O -in O -a O -dual O -manner O -barbiturate B-Chemical -narcosis O -, O -however O -, O -no O -dose O -- O -effect O -correlation O -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -particular O -, O -low O -doses O -reduced O -the O -latency O -to O -and O -prolonged O -the O -duration O -of O -barbiturate B-Chemical -narcosis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -the O -highest O -dose O -of O -melatonin B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -caused O -a O -paradoxical O -increase O -in O -the O -latency O -and O -produced O -a O -sustained O -reduction O -of O -the O -duration O -of O -narcosis O -, O -and O -a O -reduction O -in O -mortality O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Melatonin B-Chemical -0 O -. O -5 O -and O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -influenced O -the O -duration O -but O -not O -the O -latency O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -- O -or O -diazepam B-Chemical -- O -induced O -narcosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -dual O -action O -of O -melatonin B-Chemical -on O -pharmacological O -narcosis O -seems O -to O -be O -specific O -for O -the O -barbiturate B-Chemical -mechanism O -of O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -cardiotoxicity O -and O -preserved O -antitumor O -efficacy O -of O -liposome O -- O -encapsulated O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -and O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -compared O -with O -conventional O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -and O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -in O -a O -randomized O -, O -multicenter O -trial O -of O -metastatic O -breast O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -To O -determine O -whether O -Myocet B-Chemical -( O -liposome O -- O -encapsulated O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -; O -The O -Liposome O -Company O -, O -Elan O -Corporation O -, O -Princeton O -, O -NJ O -) O -in O -combination O -with O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -significantly O -reduces O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -cardiotoxicity O -while O -providing O -comparable O -antitumor O -efficacy O -in O -first O -- O -line O -treatment O -of O -metastatic O -breast O -cancer O -( O -MBC O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -Two O -hundred O -ninety O -- O -seven O -patients O -with O -MBC O -and O -no O -prior O -chemotherapy O -for O -metastatic O -disease O -were O -randomized O -to O -receive O -either O -60 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -of O -Myocet B-Chemical -( O -M O -) O -or O -conventional O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -, O -in O -combination O -with O -600 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -C O -) O -, O -every O -3 O -weeks O -until O -disease O -progression O -or O -unacceptable O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiotoxicity O -was O -defined O -by O -reductions O -in O -left O -- O -ventricular O -ejection O -fraction O -, O -assessed O -by O -serial O -multigated O -radionuclide O -angiography O -scans O -, O -or O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -( O -CHF O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Antitumor O -efficacy O -was O -assessed O -by O -objective O -tumor O -response O -rates O -( O -World O -Health O -Organization O -criteria O -) O -, O -time O -to O -progression O -, O -and O -survival O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Six O -percent O -of O -MC O -patients O -versus O -21 O -% O -( O -including O -five O -cases O -of O -CHF O -) O -of O -AC O -patients O -developed O -cardiotoxicity O -( O -P O -= O -. O -0002 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Median O -cumulative O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -dose O -at O -onset O -was O -more O -than O -2 O -, O -220 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -for O -MC O -versus O -480 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -for O -AC O -( O -P O -= O -. O -0001 O -, O -hazard O -ratio O -, O -5 O -. O -04 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -MC O -patients O -also O -experienced O -less O -grade O -4 O -neutropenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Antitumor O -efficacy O -of O -MC O -versus O -AC O -was O -comparable O -: O -objective O -response O -rates O -, O -43 O -% O -versus O -43 O -% O -; O -median O -time O -to O -progression O -, O -5 O -. O -1 O -% O -versus O -5 O -. O -5 O -months O -; O -median O -time O -to O -treatment O -failure O -, O -4 O -. O -6 O -versus O -4 O -. O -4 O -months O -; O -and O -median O -survival O -, O -19 O -versus O -16 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Myocet B-Chemical -improves O -the O -therapeutic O -index O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -by O -significantly O -reducing O -cardiotoxicity O -and O -grade O -4 O -neutropenia O -and O -provides O -comparable O -antitumor O -efficacy O -, O -when O -used O -in O -combination O -with O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -as O -first O -- O -line O -therapy O -for O -MBC O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -nitrergic O -system O -in O -lidocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -convulsion O -in O -the O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NAME I-Chemical -) O -a O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -( O -NO B-Chemical -) O -synthase O -inhibitor O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -, O -a O -NO B-Chemical -precursor O -, O -were O -investigated O -on O -lidocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -first O -experiment O -, O -four O -groups O -of O -mice O -received O -physiological O -saline O -( O -0 O -. O -9 O -% O -) O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -( O -300 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NAME I-Chemical -( O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -minutes O -after O -these O -injections O -, O -all O -mice O -received O -lidocaine B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -second O -experiment O -, O -four O -groups O -of O -mice O -received O -similar O -treatment O -in O -the O -first O -experiment O -, O -and O -30 O -min O -after O -these O -injections O -, O -all O -mice O -received O -a O -higher O -dose O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -( O -80 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NAME I-Chemical -( O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -significantly O -decreased O -the O -incidence O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -- O -induced O -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -the O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -treatment O -increased O -the O -incidence O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -( O -80 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -- O -induced O -convulsions O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -may O -suggest O -that O -NO B-Chemical -is O -a O -proconvulsant O -mediator O -in O -lidocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -Erythropoietin O -restores O -the O -anemia O -- O -induced O -reduction O -in O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -cytotoxicity O -in O -rat O -tumors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -examine O -the O -impact O -of O -anemia O -prevention O -by O -recombinant O -human O -erythropoietin O -( O -rHuEPO O -) O -treatment O -on O -the O -cytotoxicity O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -in O -solid O -experimental O -tumors O -. O - -aps B-category -Anemia O -was O -induced O -using O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -carboplatin B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -resulting O -in O -a O -long O -- O -lasting O -reduction O -( O -30 O -% O -) O -of O -the O -hemoglobin O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -second O -group O -, O -the O -development O -of O -anemia O -was O -prevented O -by O -rHuEPO O -( O -1000 O -IU O -/ O -kg O -) O -administered O -s O -. O -c O -. O -three O -times O -/ O -week O -starting O -7 O -days O -before O -carboplatin B-Chemical -application O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -days O -after O -carboplatin B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -tumors O -( O -DS O -- O -sarcoma O -of O -the O -rat O -) O -were O -implanted O -s O -. O -c O -. O -onto O -the O -hind O -food O -dorsum O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -carboplatin B-Chemical -nor O -rHuEPO O -treatment O -influenced O -tumor O -growth O -rate O -per O -se O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -tumors O -were O -treated O -with O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -60 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -5 O -days O -after O -implantation O -, O -a O -growth O -delay O -with O -a O -subsequent O -regrowth O -of O -the O -tumors O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -anemia O -group O -, O -the O -growth O -delay O -was O -significantly O -shorter O -compared O -with O -nonanemic O -controls O -( O -13 O -. O -3 O -days O -versus O -8 O -. O -6 O -days O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -group O -where O -anemia O -was O -prevented O -by O -rHuEPO O -treatment O -, O -growth O -delay O -was O -comparable O -with O -that O -of O -nonanemic O -controls O -( O -13 O -. O -3 O -days O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -chemotherapy O -- O -induced O -anemia O -reduces O -cytotoxicity O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -in O -tumors O -, O -whereas O -correction O -of O -anemia O -by O -rHuEPO O -treatment O -( O -epoetin O -alpha O -) O -increases O -the O -sensitivity O -, O -probably O -as O -a O -result O -of O -an O -improved O -oxygen B-Chemical -supply O -to O -tumor O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Fatal O -haemorrhagic O -myocarditis O -secondary O -to O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Haemorrhagic O -myocarditis O -is O -a O -rare O -but O -important O -complication O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Echocardiographic O -identification O -of O -the O -disorder O -can O -be O -made O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -believe O -that O -the O -ultrasound O -features O -of O -this O -disorder O -have O -not O -been O -previously O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -verapamil B-Chemical -on O -atrial O -fibrillation O -and O -its O -electrophysiological O -determinants O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Atrial O -tachycardia O -- O -induced O -remodeling O -promotes O -the O -occurrence O -and O -maintenance O -of O -atrial O -fibrillation O -( O -AF O -) O -and O -decreases O -L O -- O -type O -Ca B-Chemical -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -current O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -also O -a O -clinical O -suggestion O -that O -acute O -L O -- O -type O -Ca B-Chemical -( O -2 O -) O -channel O -blockade O -can O -promote O -AF O -, O -consistent O -with O -an O -AF O -promoting O -effect O -of O -Ca B-Chemical -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -channel O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -To O -evaluate O -the O -potential O -mechanisms O -of O -AF O -promotion O -by O -Ca B-Chemical -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -channel O -blockers O -, O -we O -administered O -verapamil B-Chemical -to O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -chloralose B-Chemical -anesthetized O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Diltiazem B-Chemical -was O -used O -as O -a O -comparison O -drug O -and O -autonomic O -blockade O -with O -atropine B-Chemical -and O -nadolol B-Chemical -was O -applied O -in O -some O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -Epicardial O -mapping O -with O -240 O -epicardial O -electrodes O -was O -used O -to O -evaluate O -activation O -during O -AF O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Verapamil B-Chemical -caused O -AF O -promotion O -in O -six O -dogs O -, O -increasing O -mean O -duration O -of O -AF O -induced O -by O -burst O -pacing O -, O -from O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -s O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -S O -. O -E O -. O -) O -to O -95 O -+ O -/ O -- O -39 O -s O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -vs O -. O -control O -) O -at O -a O -loading O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -and O -228 O -+ O -/ O -- O -101 O -s O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -0005 O -vs O -. O -control O -) O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Underlying O -electrophysiological O -mechanisms O -were O -studied O -in O -detail O -in O -five O -additional O -dogs O -under O -control O -conditions O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -higher O -dose O -of O -verapamil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -experiments O -, O -verapamil B-Chemical -shortened O -mean O -effective O -refractory O -period O -( O -ERP O -) O -from O -122 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -to O -114 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -ms O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -at O -a O -cycle O -length O -of O -300 O -ms O -, O -decreased O -ERP O -heterogeneity O -( O -from O -15 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -to O -10 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -% O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -heterogeneously O -accelerated O -atrial O -conduction O -and O -decreased O -the O -cycle O -length O -of O -AF O -( O -94 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -to O -84 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -ms O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Diltiazem B-Chemical -did O -not O -affect O -ERP O -, O -AF O -cycle O -length O -or O -AF O -duration O -, O -but O -produced O -conduction O -acceleration O -similar O -to O -that O -caused O -by O -verapamil B-Chemical -( O -n O -= O -5 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -autonomic O -blockade O -, O -verapamil B-Chemical -failed O -to O -promote O -AF O -and O -increased O -, O -rather O -than O -decreasing O -, O -refractoriness O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -verapamil B-Chemical -nor O -diltiazem B-Chemical -affected O -atrial O -conduction O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -autonomic O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -Epicardial O -mapping O -suggested O -that O -verapamil B-Chemical -promoted O -AF O -by O -increasing O -the O -number O -of O -simultaneous O -wavefronts O -reflected O -by O -separate O -zones O -of O -reactivation O -in O -each O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Verapamil B-Chemical -promotes O -AF O -in O -normal O -dogs O -by O -promoting O -multiple O -circuit O -reentry O -, O -an O -effect O -dependent O -on O -intact O -autonomic O -tone O -and O -not O -shared O -by O -diltiazem B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Calcitonin O -gene O -- O -related O -peptide O -levels O -during O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -- O -induced O -headache O -in O -patients O -with O -chronic O -tension O -- O -type O -headache O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -proposed O -that O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -( O -NO B-Chemical -) O -induced O -headache O -in O -primary O -headaches O -may O -be O -associated O -with O -release O -of O -calcitonin O -gene O -- O -related O -peptide O -( O -CGRP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -we O -aimed O -to O -investigate O -plasma O -levels O -of O -CGRP O -during O -headache O -induced O -by O -the O -NO B-Chemical -donor O -glyceryl B-Chemical -trinitrate I-Chemical -( O -GTN B-Chemical -) O -in O -16 O -patients O -with O -chronic O -tension O -- O -type O -headache O -and O -16 O -healthy O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subjects O -were O -randomly O -allocated O -to O -receive O -0 O -. O -5 O -microg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -GTN B-Chemical -or O -placebo O -over O -20 O -min O -on O -two O -headache O -- O -free O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -samples O -were O -collected O -at O -baseline O -, O -10 O -, O -20 O -and O -60 O -min O -after O -start O -of O -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -patients O -and O -controls O -developed O -significantly O -stronger O -immediate O -headache O -on O -the O -GTN B-Chemical -day O -than O -on O -the O -placebo O -day O -and O -the O -headache O -was O -significantly O -more O -pronounced O -in O -patients O -than O -in O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -difference O -between O -the O -area O -under O -the O -CGRP O -curve O -( O -AUCCGRP O -) O -on O -GTN B-Chemical -vs O -. O -placebo O -day O -in O -either O -patients O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -65 O -) O -or O -controls O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -48 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -AUCCGRP O -recorded O -on O -the O -GTN B-Chemical -day O -did O -not O -differ O -between O -patients O -and O -controls O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -36 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -in O -patients O -and O -controls O -, O -CGRP O -levels O -changed O -significantly O -over O -time O -, O -on O -both O -the O -GTN B-Chemical -and O -placebo O -days O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -indicates O -that O -NO B-Chemical -- O -induced O -immediate O -headache O -is O -not O -associated O -with O -release O -of O -CGRP O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluconazole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -torsade O -de O -pointes O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -present O -a O -case O -of O -fluconazole B-Chemical -- O -associated O -torsade O -de O -pointes O -( O -TDP O -) O -and O -discuss O -fluconazole B-Chemical -' O -s O -role O -in O -causing O -TDP O -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -SUMMARY O -: O -A O -68 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -white O -woman O -with O -Candida O -glabrata O -isolated O -from O -a O -presacral O -abscess O -developed O -TDP O -eight O -days O -after O -commencing O -oral O -fluconazole B-Chemical -The O -patient O -had O -no O -other O -risk O -factors O -for O -TDP O -, O -including O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -, O -cardiomyopathy O -, O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -, O -and O -electrolyte O -abnormalities O -There O -was O -a O -temporal O -association O -between O -the O -initiation O -of O -fluconazole B-Chemical -and O -TDP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -TDP O -resolved O -when O -fluconazole B-Chemical -was O -discontinued O -; O -however O -, O -the O -patient O -continued O -to O -have O -premature O -ventricular O -contractions O -and O -nonsustained O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -( O -NSVT O -) O -until O -six O -days O -after O -drug O -cessation O -DISCUSSION O -: O -Use O -of O -the O -Naranjo O -probability O -scale O -indicates O -a O -probable O -relationship O -between O -the O -use O -of O -fluconazole B-Chemical -and O -the O -development O -of O -TDP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -mechanism O -is O -depression O -of O -rapidly O -activating O -delayed O -rectifier O -potassium B-Chemical -currents O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -our O -patient O -, O -there O -was O -no O -other O -etiology O -identified O -that O -could O -explain O -QT O -prolongation O -or O -TDP O -The O -complete O -disappearance O -of O -NSVT O -and O -premature O -ventricular O -contractions O -followed O -by O -normalization O -of O -QT O -interval O -after O -the O -drug O -was O -stopped O -strongly O -suggests O -fluconazole B-Chemical -as O -the O -etiology O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Clinicians O -should O -be O -aware O -that O -fluconazole B-Chemical -, O -even O -at O -low O -doses O -, O -may O -cause O -prolongation O -of O -the O -QT O -interval O -, O -leading O -to O -TDP O -. O - -aps B-category -Serial O -electrocardiographic O -monitoring O -may O -be O -considered O -when O -fluconazole B-Chemical -is O -administered O -in O -patients O -who O -are O -at O -risk O -for O -ventricular O -arrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -Cutaneous O -leucocytoclastic O -vasculitis O -associated O -with O -oxacillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -67 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -who O -was O -treated O -with O -oxacillin B-Chemical -for O -one O -week O -because O -of O -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -bacteremia O -, O -developed O -renal O -failure O -and O -diffuse O -, O -symmetric O -, O -palpable O -purpuric O -lesions O -on O -his O -feet O -. O - -aps B-category -Necrotic O -blisters O -were O -noted O -on O -his O -fingers O -. O - -aps B-category -Skin O -biopsies O -showed O -findings O -diagnostic O -of O -leucocytoclastic O -vasculitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxacillin B-Chemical -was O -discontinued O -and O -patient O -was O -treated O -with O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rash O -disappeared O -after O -three O -weeks O -and O -renal O -function O -returned O -to O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -Leucocytoclastic O -vasculitis O -presents O -as O -palpable O -purpura O -of O -the O -lower O -extremities O -often O -accompanied O -by O -abdominal O -pain O -, O -arthralgia O -, O -and O -renal O -involvement O -. O - -aps B-category -Etiologic O -factors O -or O -associated O -disorders O -include O -infections O -, O -medications O -, O -collagen O -vascular O -disease O -and O -neoplasia O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -half O -of O -the O -cases O -no O -etiologic O -factor O -is O -identified O -. O - -aps B-category -Usually O -it O -is O -a O -self O -- O -limited O -disorder O -, O -but O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -therapy O -may O -be O -needed O -in O -life O -- O -threatening O -cases O -since O -early O -treatment O -with O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -in O -severe O -cases O -can O -prevent O -complications O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxacillin B-Chemical -should O -be O -included O -among O -the O -drugs O -that O -can O -cause O -leucocytoclastic O -vasculitis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -renal O -pathology O -in O -a O -case O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -diabetes O -insipidus O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -diabetes O -insipidus O -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -necropsy O -microscopy O -shoed O -unique O -and O -extensive O -damage O -to O -cells O -lining O -the O -distal O -nephron O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -these O -changes O -represent O -a O -specific O -toxic O -effect O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -, O -reported O -here O -for O -the O -first O -time O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholestatic O -jaundice O -associated O -with O -the O -use O -of O -metformin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -patient O -who O -developed O -cholestatic O -jaundice O -shortly O -after O -initiation O -of O -treatment O -with O -metformin B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ultrasound O -of O -the O -liver O -and O -abdominal O -CT O -were O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -ERCP O -showed O -normal O -biliary O -anatomy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -percutaneous O -liver O -biopsy O -was O -obtained O -showing O -marked O -cholestasis O -, O -with O -portal O -edema O -, O -ductular O -proliferation O -, O -and O -acute O -inflammation O -. O - -aps B-category -Metformin B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -was O -discontinued O -, O -and O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -jaundice O -resolved O -slowly O -over O -a O -period O -of O -several O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Given O -the O -onset O -of O -his O -jaundice O -2 O -wk O -after O -the O -initiation O -of O -metformin B-Chemical -, O -we O -believe O -that O -this O -case O -represents O -an O -example O -of O -metformin B-Chemical -- O -associated O -hepatotoxicity O -, O -the O -first O -such O -case O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Systemic O -toxicity O -and O -resuscitation O -in O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -- O -, O -levobupivacaine B-Chemical -- O -, O -or O -ropivacaine B-Chemical -- O -infused O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -compared O -the O -systemic O -toxicity O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -, O -levobupivacaine B-Chemical -, O -and O -ropivacaine B-Chemical -in O -anesthetized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -also O -compared O -the O -ability O -to O -resuscitate O -rats O -after O -lethal O -doses O -of O -these O -local O -anesthetics O -. O - -aps B-category -Bupivacaine B-Chemical -, O -levobupivacaine B-Chemical -, O -or O -ropivacaine B-Chemical -was O -infused O -at O -a O -rate O -of O -2 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -min O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -while O -electrocardiogram O -, O -electroencephalogram O -, O -and O -arterial O -pressure O -were O -continuously O -monitored O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -asystole O -was O -recorded O -, O -drug O -infusion O -was O -stopped O -and O -a O -resuscitation O -sequence O -was O -begun O -. O - -aps B-category -Epinephrine B-Chemical -0 O -. O -01 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -was O -administered O -at O -1 O -- O -min O -intervals O -while O -external O -cardiac O -compressions O -were O -applied O -. O - -aps B-category -Resuscitation O -was O -considered O -successful O -when O -a O -systolic O -arterial O -pressure O -> O -or O -= O -100 O -mm O -Hg O -was O -achieved O -within O -5 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cumulative O -doses O -of O -levobupivacaine B-Chemical -and O -ropivacaine B-Chemical -that O -produced O -seizures O -were O -similar O -and O -were O -larger O -than O -those O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cumulative O -doses O -of O -levobupivacaine B-Chemical -that O -produced O -dysrhythmias O -and O -asystole O -were O -smaller O -than O -the O -corresponding O -doses O -of O -ropivacaine B-Chemical -, O -but O -they O -were O -larger O -than O -those O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -successful O -resuscitations O -did O -not O -differ O -among O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -a O -smaller O -dose O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -was O -required O -in O -the O -Ropivacaine B-Chemical -group O -than O -in O -the O -other O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -the O -systemic O -toxicity O -of O -levobupivacaine B-Chemical -is O -intermediate O -between O -that O -of O -ropivacaine B-Chemical -and O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -when O -administered O -at O -the O -same O -rate O -and O -that O -ropivacaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiac O -arrest O -appears O -to O -be O -more O -susceptible O -to O -treatment O -than O -that O -induced O -by O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -or O -levobupivacaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -AIDS O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -report O -a O -case O -of O -multiple O -episodes O -of O -seizure O -activity O -in O -an O -AIDS O -patent O -following O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -SUMMARY O -: O -A O -46 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -African O -- O -American O -man O -experienced O -recurrent O -grand O -mal O -seizures O -during O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -, O -then O -petit O -mal O -seizures O -as O -the O -infusion O -was O -stopped O -and O -the O -drug O -concentrations O -decreased O -with O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -concurrent O -medications O -included O -didanosine B-Chemical -, O -hydroxyzine B-Chemical -, O -promethazine B-Chemical -, O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -, O -and O -prochlorperazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -administration O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -and O -lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -the O -seizures O -persisted O -and O -occurred O -only O -during O -amphotercin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -DISCUSSION O -: O -AIDS O -and O -cryptococcal O -meningitis O -, O -both O -of O -which O -the O -patient O -had O -, O -can O -potentially O -cause O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -had O -a O -history O -of O -alcohol O -abuse O -; O -alcohol B-Chemical -intake O -as O -well O -as O -withdrawal O -can O -also O -cause O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Didanosine B-Chemical -also O -has O -a O -potential O -for O -inducing O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -these O -other O -potential O -causes O -of O -seizure O -were O -ruled O -out O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -course O -of O -events O -suggested O -that O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -was O -the O -cause O -of O -the O -seizures O -in O -this O -AIDS O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -seems O -to O -be O -the O -probable O -cause O -of O -the O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -date O -, O -only O -three O -cases O -of O -seizures O -associated O -with O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -have O -been O -reported O -in O -the O -literature O -, O -but O -healthcare O -providers O -should O -be O -aware O -of O -the O -potential O -for O -this O -rare O -adverse O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Sirolimus B-Chemical -and O -mycophenolate B-Chemical -mofetil I-Chemical -for O -calcineurin O -- O -free O -immunosuppression O -in O -renal O -transplant O -recipients O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcineurin O -inhibitors O -, O -such O -as O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -and O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -, O -have O -been O -available O -for O -almost O -20 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -these O -drugs O -are O -highly O -effective O -and O -represent O -the O -mainstay O -of O -transplant O -immunosuppression O -, O -they O -are O -associated O -with O -acute O -and O -chronic O -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -nephrotoxicity O -, O -which O -occurs O -in O -the O -early O -period O -after O -transplantation O -, O -leads O -to O -a O -higher O -rate O -of O -dialysis O -, O -and O -chronic O -nephrotoxicity O -may O -eventually O -result O -in O -graft O -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -and O -chronic O -nephrotoxicity O -is O -becoming O -more O -common O -as O -the O -use O -of O -marginal O -kidneys O -for O -transplantation O -increases O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -recently O -available O -immunosuppressive O -agents O -, O -mycophenolate B-Chemical -mofetil I-Chemical -and O -sirolimus B-Chemical -( O -rapamycin B-Chemical -) O -, O -have O -no O -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -these O -drugs O -in O -combination O -with O -other O -agents O -has O -led O -to O -the O -development O -of O -new O -paradigms O -of O -immunosuppressive O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -paper O -reviews O -the O -results O -of O -clinical O -trials O -that O -have O -investigated O -these O -new O -approaches O -to O -immunosuppression O -in O -renal O -transplant O -recipients O -. O - -aps B-category -Tolerability O -of O -nimesulide B-Chemical -and O -paracetamol B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -NSAID B-Chemical -- O -induced O -urticaria O -/ O -angioedema O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -studies O -evaluated O -the O -tolerance O -of O -nimesulide B-Chemical -and O -paracetamol B-Chemical -in O -subjects O -with O -cutaneous O -, O -respiratory O -and O -anaphylactoid O -reactions O -induced O -by O -nonsteroidal B-Chemical -anti I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inflammatory I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -( O -NSAIDs B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -we O -investigated O -tolerability O -and O -reliability O -of O -nimesulide B-Chemical -and O -paracetamol B-Chemical -in O -a O -very O -large O -number O -of O -patients O -with O -an O -exclusive O -well O -- O -documented O -history O -of O -NSAID B-Chemical -- O -induced O -urticaria O -/ O -angioedema O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -we O -evaluated O -whether O -some O -factors O -have O -the O -potential O -to O -increase O -the O -risk O -of O -reaction O -to O -paracetamol B-Chemical -and O -nimesulide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -- O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -oral O -challenge O -procedure O -with O -nimesulide B-Chemical -or O -paracetamol B-Chemical -was O -applied O -to O -829 O -patients O -with O -a O -history O -of O -NSAID B-Chemical -- O -induced O -urticaria O -/ O -angioedema O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -75 O -/ O -829 O -( O -9 O -. O -4 O -% O -) O -patients O -experienced O -reactions O -to O -nimesulide B-Chemical -or O -paracetamol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -715 O -patients O -tested O -with O -nimesulide B-Chemical -62 O -( O -8 O -. O -6 O -% O -) O -showed O -a O -positive O -test O -, O -while O -of O -114 O -subjects O -submitted O -to O -the O -challenge O -with O -paracetamol B-Chemical -, O -13 O -( O -9 O -. O -6 O -% O -) O -did O -not O -tolerate O -this O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -18 O -. O -28 O -% O -of O -patients O -with O -a O -history O -of O -chronic O -urticaria O -and O -11 O -. O -8 O -% O -of O -subjects O -with O -an O -history O -of O -NSAID B-Chemical -- O -induced O -urticaria O -/ O -angioedema O -or O -angioedema O -alone O -( O -with O -or O -without O -chronic O -urticaria O -) O -resulted O -to O -be O -intolerant O -to O -alternative O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Taken O -together O -, O -our O -results O -confirm O -the O -good O -tolerability O -of O -nimesulide B-Chemical -and O -paracetamol B-Chemical -in O -patients O -who O -experienced O -urticaria O -/ O -angioedema O -caused O -by O -NSAIDs B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -risk O -of O -reaction O -to O -these O -alternative O -study O -drugs O -is O -statistically O -increased O -by O -a O -history O -of O -chronic O -urticaria O -and O -, O -above O -all O -, O -by O -a O -history O -of O -NSAID B-Chemical -- O -induced O -angioedema O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -aqueous O -and O -gellan O -ophthalmic O -timolol B-Chemical -with O -placebo O -on O -the O -24 O -- O -hour O -heart O -rate O -response O -in O -patients O -on O -treatment O -for O -glaucoma O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -Topical O -beta O -- O -blocker O -treatment O -is O -routine O -therapy O -in O -the O -management O -of O -patients O -with O -glaucoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Therapy O -results O -in O -systemic O -absorption O -, O -however O -, O -the O -degree O -of O -reduction O -of O -resting O -and O -peak O -heart O -rate O -has O -not O -been O -quantified O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -This O -trial O -evaluated O -the O -effect O -of O -placebo O -, O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -aqueous O -timolol B-Chemical -( O -timolol B-Chemical -solution O -) O -and O -a O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -timolol B-Chemical -suspension O -that O -forms O -a O -gel O -on O -application O -to O -the O -conjunctiva O -( O -timolol B-Chemical -gellan O -) O -on O -the O -24 O -- O -hour O -heart O -rate O -in O -patients O -currently O -being O -treated O -for O -glaucoma O -to O -quantify O -the O -reduction O -in O -mean O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Forty O -- O -three O -Caucasian O -patients O -with O -primary O -open O -- O -angle O -glaucoma O -or O -ocular O -hypertension O -with O -a O -mean O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -) O -age O -of O -63 O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -) O -years O -were O -randomized O -and O -crossed O -over O -in O -a O -double O -- O -masked O -manner O -to O -14 O -days O -of O -treatment O -with O -placebo O -( O -morning O -and O -evening O -in O -both O -eyes O -) O -, O -timolol B-Chemical -solution O -( O -morning O -and O -evening O -in O -both O -eyes O -) O -, O -or O -timolol B-Chemical -gellan O -( O -morning O -in O -both O -eyes O -with O -placebo O -in O -the O -evening O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -13th O -day O -of O -each O -period O -, O -heart O -rate O -was O -recorded O -continuously O -during O -a O -typical O -, O -ambulant O -24 O -- O -hour O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Both O -timolol B-Chemical -solution O -and O -timolol B-Chemical -gellan O -reduced O -the O -mean O -24 O -- O -hour O -heart O -rate O -compared O -with O -placebo O -( O -P O -< O -or O -= O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -and O -this O -reduction O -was O -most O -pronounced O -during O -the O -daytime O -( O -- O -7 O -. O -5 O -% O -change O -in O -mean O -heart O -rate O -, O -- O -5 O -. O -7 O -beats O -/ O -min O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Timolol B-Chemical -gellan O -showed O -a O -numerically O -but O -not O -significantly O -smaller O -reduction O -in O -24 O -- O -hour O -heart O -rate O -, O -compared O -with O -timolol B-Chemical -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -night O -, O -the O -mean O -12 O -- O -hour O -heart O -rate O -on O -placebo O -and O -timolol B-Chemical -gellan O -were O -both O -significantly O -less O -than O -on O -timolol B-Chemical -solution O -; O -the O -difference O -between O -solution O -and O -gellan O -treatments O -was O -statistically O -significant O -( O -P O -= O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Both O -timolol B-Chemical -solution O -and O -timolol B-Chemical -gellan O -decrease O -the O -mean O -24 O -- O -hour O -heart O -rate O -compared O -with O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -response O -was O -most O -pronounced O -during O -the O -active O -daytime O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -quantify O -the O -modest O -bradycardia O -associated O -with O -ophthalmic O -beta O -- O -blocker O -therapy O -in O -a O -typical O -patient O -population O -on O -therapy O -for O -glaucoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -exercise O -performance O -was O -not O -assessed O -in O -this O -trial O -, O -reductions O -of O -this O -magnitude O -should O -not O -have O -substantial O -clinical O -consequences O -. O - -aps B-category -Management O -strategies O -for O -ribavirin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hemolytic O -anemia O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -hepatitis O -C O -: O -clinical O -and O -economic O -implications O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -Recently O -published O -studies O -have O -demonstrated O -increased O -efficacy O -and O -cost O -- O -effectiveness O -of O -combination O -therapy O -with O -interferon O -and O -alpha O -- O -2b O -/ O -ribavirin B-Chemical -compared O -with O -interferon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -monotherapy O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -chronic O -hepatitis O -C O -( O -CHC O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Combination O -therapy O -is O -associated O -with O -a O -clinically O -important O -adverse O -effect O -: O -ribavirin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hemolytic O -anemia O -( O -RIHA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -objective O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -evaluate O -the O -direct O -health O -- O -care O -costs O -and O -management O -of O -RIHA O -during O -treatment O -of O -CHC O -in O -a O -clinical O -trial O -setting O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -A O -systematic O -literature O -review O -was O -conducted O -to O -synthesize O -information O -on O -the O -incidence O -and O -management O -of O -RIHA O -. O - -aps B-category -Decision O -- O -analytic O -techniques O -were O -used O -to O -estimate O -the O -cost O -of O -treating O -RIHA O -. O - -aps B-category -Uncertainty O -was O -evaluated O -using O -sensitivity O -analyses O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -RIHA O -, O -defined O -as O -a O -reduction O -in O -hemoglobin O -to O -less O -than O -100 O -g O -/ O -L O -, O -occurs O -in O -approximately O -7 O -% O -to O -9 O -% O -of O -patients O -treated O -with O -combination O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -standard O -of O -care O -for O -management O -of O -RIHA O -is O -reduction O -or O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -ribavirin B-Chemical -dosage O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -estimated O -the O -direct O -cost O -of O -treating O -clinically O -significant O -RIHA O -to O -be O -170 O -per O -patient O -receiving O -combination O -therapy O -per O -48 O -- O -week O -treatment O -course O -( O -range O -68 O -- O -692 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -the O -one O -- O -way O -sensitivity O -analyses O -ranged O -from O -57 O -to O -317 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -comparison O -, O -the O -cost O -of O -48 O -weeks O -of O -combination O -therapy O -is O -16 O -, O -459 O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -direct O -cost O -of O -treating O -clinically O -significant O -RIHA O -is O -1 O -% O -( O -170 O -/ O -16 O -, O -459 O -) O -of O -drug O -treatment O -costs O -. O - -aps B-category -Questions O -remain O -about O -the O -optimal O -dose O -of O -ribavirin B-Chemical -and O -the O -incidence O -of O -RIHA O -in O -a O -real O -- O -world O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -these O -uncertainties O -, O -this O -initial O -evaluation O -of O -the O -direct O -cost O -of O -treating O -RIHA O -provides O -an O -estimate O -of O -the O -cost O -and O -management O -implications O -of O -this O -clinically O -important O -adverse O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Preliminary O -efficacy O -assessment O -of O -intrathecal O -injection O -of O -an O -American O -formulation O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Preclinical O -studies O -of O -intrathecal O -adenosine B-Chemical -suggest O -it O -may O -be O -effective O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -acute O -and O -chronic O -pain O -in O -humans O -, O -and O -preliminary O -studies O -in O -volunteers O -and O -patients O -with O -a O -Swedish O -formulation O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -suggests O -it O -may O -be O -effective O -in O -hypersensitivity O -states O -but O -not O -with O -acute O -noxious O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -screen O -for O -efficacy O -of O -a O -different O -formulation O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -marketed O -in O -the O -US O -, O -using O -both O -acute O -noxious O -stimulation O -and O -capsaicin B-Chemical -- O -evoked O -mechanical O -hypersensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Following O -Food O -and O -Drug O -Administration O -and O -institutional O -review O -board O -approval O -and O -written O -informed O -consent O -, O -65 O -volunteers O -were O -studied O -in O -two O -trials O -: O -an O -open O -- O -label O -, O -dose O -- O -escalating O -trial O -with O -intrathecal O -adenosine B-Chemical -doses O -of O -0 O -. O -25 O -- O -2 O -. O -0 O -mg O -and O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -trial O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -, O -2 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebrospinal O -fluid O -was O -obtained O -for O -pharmacokinetic O -analysis O -, O -and O -pain O -ratings O -in O -response O -to O -acute O -heat O -stimuli O -and O -areas O -of O -mechanical O -hyperalgesia O -and O -allodynia O -after O -intradermal O -capsaicin B-Chemical -injection O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Adenosine B-Chemical -produced O -no O -effect O -on O -pain O -report O -to O -acute O -noxious O -thermal O -or O -chemical O -stimulation O -but O -reduced O -mechanical O -hyperalgesia O -and O -allodynia O -from O -intradermal O -capsaicin B-Chemical -injection O -for O -at O -least O -24 O -h O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -residence O -time O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -in O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -was O -short O -( O -< O -4 O -h O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -These O -results O -show O -selective O -inhibition O -by O -intrathecal O -adenosine B-Chemical -of O -hypersensitivity O -, O -presumed O -to O -reflect O -central O -sensitization O -in O -humans O -after O -peripheral O -capsaicin B-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -long O -- O -lasting O -effect O -is O -consistent O -with O -that O -observed O -in O -preliminary O -reports O -of O -patients O -with O -chronic O -neuropathic O -pain O -and O -is O -not O -due O -to O -prolonged O -residence O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -in O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -Delayed O -- O -onset O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -presents O -5 O -to O -12 O -days O -after O -heparin B-Chemical -exposure O -, O -with O -or O -without O -arterial O -or O -venous O -thromboemboli O -. O - -aps B-category -Delayed O -recognition O -and O -treatment O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -contribute O -to O -poor O -patient O -outcomes O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -describe O -and O -increase O -awareness O -of O -a O -clinical O -scenario O -in O -which O -the O -onset O -or O -manifestations O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -are O -delayed O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -Retrospective O -case O -series O -. O - -aps B-category -SETTING O -: O -Three O -large O -urban O -hospitals O -( O -with O -active O -cardiovascular O -surgery O -programs O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -: O -14 O -patients O -seen O -over O -a O -3 O -- O -year O -period O -in O -whom O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -became O -apparent O -on O -delayed O -presentation O -with O -thromboembolic O -complications O -. O - -aps B-category -MEASUREMENTS O -: O -Platelet O -counts O -, O -onset O -of O -objectively O -determined O -thromboembolism O -, O -results O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -platelet O -factor O -4 O -antibody O -tests O -, O -and O -outcomes O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Patients O -went O -home O -after O -hospitalizations O -that O -had O -included O -heparin B-Chemical -exposure O -- O -- O -in O -most O -cases O -, O -with O -no O -thrombocytopenia O -recognized O -- O -- O -only O -to O -return O -to O -the O -hospital O -( O -median O -, O -day O -14 O -) O -with O -thromboembolic O -complications O -. O - -aps B-category -Thromboemboli O -were O -venous O -( O -12 O -patients O -, O -7 O -with O -pulmonary O -emboli O -) O -or O -arterial O -( O -4 O -patients O -) O -or O -both O -. O - -aps B-category -Platelet O -counts O -were O -mildly O -decreased O -in O -all O -but O -2 O -patients O -on O -second O -presentation O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -readmission O -, O -11 O -patients O -received O -therapeutic O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -which O -worsened O -the O -patients O -' O -clinical O -condition O -and O -, O -in O -all O -11 O -cases O -, O -decreased O -the O -platelet O -count O -( O -mean O -at O -readmission O -, O -143 O -x O -10 O -( O -9 O -) O -cells O -/ O -L O -; O -mean O -nadir O -after O -heparin B-Chemical -re O -- O -exposure O -, O -39 O -x O -10 O -( O -9 O -) O -cells O -/ O -L O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -of O -serologic O -tests O -for O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -antibodies O -were O -positive O -in O -all O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequent O -treatments O -included O -alternative O -anticoagulants O -( O -11 O -patients O -) O -, O -thrombolytic O -drugs O -( O -3 O -patients O -) O -, O -inferior O -vena O -cava O -filters O -( O -3 O -patients O -) O -and O -, O -eventually O -, O -warfarin B-Chemical -( O -11 O -patients O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -patients O -died O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Delayed O -- O -onset O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -is O -increasingly O -being O -recognized O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -avoid O -disastrous O -outcomes O -, O -physicians O -must O -consider O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -whenever O -a O -recently O -hospitalized O -patient O -returns O -with O -thromboembolism O -; O -therapy O -with O -alternative O -anticoagulants O -, O -not O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -should O -be O -initiated O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -risperidone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperprolactinemia O -with O -a O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonist O -in O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Risperidone B-Chemical -, O -a O -potent O -antagonist O -of O -both O -serotonergic O -( O -5HT2A O -) O -and O -dopaminergic O -D2 O -receptors O -is O -associated O -with O -hyperprolactinemia O -in O -adults O -and O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronically O -elevated O -prolactin O -levels O -in O -children O -with O -prolactinomas O -may O -be O -associated O -with O -arrested O -growth O -and O -development O -resulting O -in O -either O -delayed O -puberty O -or O -short O -stature O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -possibilities O -stress O -the O -importance O -of O -developing O -a O -safe O -and O -effective O -approach O -to O -drug O -- O -induced O -hyperprolactinemia O -in O -youth O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -successful O -treatment O -of O -risperidone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperprolactinemia O -with O -cabergoline B-Chemical -in O -youth O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -undertook O -a O -retrospective O -case O -review O -of O -four O -children O -with O -risperidone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperprolactinemia O -treated O -with O -cabergoline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Four O -males O -( O -age O -6 O -- O -11 O -years O -) O -with O -Diagnostic O -and O -Statistical O -Manual O -of O -Mental O -Disorders O -( O -fourth O -edition O -) O -bipolar O -disorder O -or O -psychoses O -, O -with O -risperidone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -elevations O -in O -serum O -prolactin O -levels O -( O -57 O -. O -5 O -- O -129 O -ng O -/ O -mL O -, O -normal O -5 O -- O -15 O -ng O -/ O -mL O -) O -, O -were O -treated O -with O -cabergoline B-Chemical -( O -mean O -dose O -2 O -. O -13 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -09 O -mg O -/ O -week O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -serum O -prolactin O -levels O -normalized O -in O -all O -four O -subjects O -( O -mean O -11 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -10 O -. O -9 O -ng O -/ O -mL O -) O -, O -the O -cabergoline B-Chemical -dose O -was O -reduced O -to O -1 O -mg O -/ O -week O -in O -three O -of O -four O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -duration O -of O -therapy O -with O -cabergoline B-Chemical -was O -523 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -129 O -. O -7 O -days O -, O -and O -the O -mean O -duration O -of O -therapy O -with O -risperidone B-Chemical -was O -788 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -162 O -. O -5 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Cabergoline B-Chemical -was O -well O -tolerated O -without O -adverse O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Cabergoline B-Chemical -may O -be O -useful O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -risperidone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperprolactinemia O -in O -youth O -; O -however O -, O -further O -research O -is O -needed O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -cholestatic O -hepatitis O -after O -exposure O -to O -isoflurane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -report O -a O -case O -of O -acute O -cholestatic O -hepatitis O -following O -exposure O -to O -the O -inhalational O -anesthetic O -isoflurane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -SUMMARY O -: O -A O -70 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -healthy O -woman O -from O -Iraq O -developed O -acute O -cholestatic O -hepatitis O -3 O -weeks O -following O -repair O -of O -the O -right O -rotator O -cuff O -under O -general O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -evidence O -for O -viral O -, O -autoimmune O -, O -or O -metabolic O -causes O -of O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -other O -medications O -were O -involved O -except O -for O -dipyrone B-Chemical -for O -analgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -was O -elevated O -to O -a O -peak O -concentration O -of O -1533 O -U O -/ O -L O -and O -the O -serum O -bilirubin B-Chemical -reached O -a O -peak O -of O -17 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -slow O -improvement O -over O -4 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Accidental O -reexposure O -by O -the O -patient O -to O -dipyrone B-Chemical -was O -uneventful O -. O - -aps B-category -DISCUSSION O -: O -The O -clinical O -and O -histologic O -picture O -of O -this O -case O -resembles O -halothane O -hepatitis O -, O -which O -has O -a O -significant O -mortality O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Isoflurane B-Chemical -, O -a O -common O -anesthetic O -agent O -, O -can O -cause O -severe O -cholestatic O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Torsade O -de O -pointes O -induced O -by O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -in O -an O -elderly O -woman O -with O -preexisting O -complete O -left O -bundle O -branch O -block O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -a O -growing O -list O -of O -drugs O -implicated O -in O -acquired O -long O -QT O -syndrome O -and O -torsade O -de O -pointes O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -torsadogenic O -potential O -of O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -, O -a O -commonly O -used O -antiemetic O -and O -prokinetic O -drug O -, O -has O -not O -been O -reported O -in O -the O -literature O -, O -despite O -its O -chemical O -similarity O -to O -procainamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -on O -a O -92 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -preexisting O -complete O -left O -bundle O -branch O -block O -who O -developed O -torsade O -de O -pointes O -after O -intravenous O -and O -oral O -administration O -of O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -patient O -also O -developed O -torsade O -de O -pointes O -when O -cisapride B-Chemical -and O -erythromycin B-Chemical -were O -given O -simultaneously O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -two O -episodes O -were O -suppressed O -successfully O -after O -discontinuing O -the O -offending O -drugs O -and O -administering O -class O -IB O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -the O -first O -documentation O -that O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -provokes O -torsade O -de O -pointes O -clinically O -. O - -aps B-category -Metoclopramide B-Chemical -should O -be O -used O -cautiously O -in O -patients O -with O -a O -risk O -of O -torsade O -de O -pointes O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -D2 O -receptor O -signaling O -controls O -neuronal O -cell O -death O -induced O -by O -muscarinic O -and O -glutamatergic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA B-Chemical -) O -, O -through O -D1 O -/ O -D2 O -receptor O -- O -mediated O -signaling O -, O -plays O -a O -major O -role O -in O -the O -control O -of O -epileptic O -seizures O -arising O -in O -the O -limbic O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Excitotoxicity O -leading O -to O -neuronal O -cell O -death O -in O -the O -affected O -areas O -is O -a O -major O -consequence O -of O -seizures O -at O -the O -cellular O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -respect O -, O -little O -is O -known O -about O -the O -role O -of O -DA B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -occurrence O -of O -epilepsy O -- O -induced O -neuronal O -cell O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -we O -analyze O -the O -occurrence O -of O -seizures O -and O -neurotoxicity O -in O -D2R O -- O -/ O -- O -mice O -treated O -with O -the O -cholinergic O -agonist O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -compared O -these O -results O -with O -those O -previously O -obtained O -with O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -KA B-Chemical -) O -, O -a O -potent O -glutamate B-Chemical -agonist O -. O - -aps B-category -Importantly O -, O -D2R O -- O -/ O -- O -mice O -develop O -seizures O -at O -doses O -of O -both O -drugs O -that O -are O -not O -epileptogenic O -for O -WT O -littermates O -and O -show O -greater O -neurotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -result O -in O -a O -more O -widespread O -neuronal O -death O -in O -both O -WT O -and O -D2R O -- O -/ O -- O -brains O -in O -comparison O -to O -KA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -absence O -of O -D2R O -lowers O -the O -threshold O -for O -seizures O -induced O -by O -both O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -the O -dopaminergic O -control O -of O -epilepsy O -- O -induced O -neurodegeneration O -seems O -to O -be O -mediated O -by O -distinct O -interactions O -of O -D2R O -signaling O -with O -these O -two O -neurotransmitters O -. O - -aps B-category -Steroid B-Chemical -structure O -and O -pharmacological O -properties O -determine O -the O -anti O -- O -amnesic O -effects O -of O -pregnenolone B-Chemical -sulphate I-Chemical -in O -the O -passive O -avoidance O -task O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Pregnenolone B-Chemical -sulphate I-Chemical -( O -PREGS B-Chemical -) O -has O -generated O -interest O -as O -one O -of O -the O -most O -potent O -memory O -- O -enhancing O -neurosteroids O -to O -be O -examined O -in O -rodent O -learning O -studies O -, O -with O -particular O -importance O -in O -the O -ageing O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -by O -which O -this O -endogenous O -steroid B-Chemical -enhances O -memory O -formation O -is O -hypothesized O -to O -involve O -actions O -on O -glutamatergic O -and O -GABAergic O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -hypothesis O -stems O -from O -findings O -that O -PREGS B-Chemical -is O -a O -potent O -positive O -modulator O -of O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -d I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -receptors O -( O -NMDARs O -) O -and O -a O -negative O -modulator O -of O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -receptors O -( O -GABA B-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -Rs O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -PREGS B-Chemical -is O -able O -to O -reverse O -the O -amnesic O -- O -like O -effects O -of O -NMDAR O -and O -GABA B-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -R O -ligands O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -investigate O -this O -hypothesis O -, O -the O -present O -study O -in O -rats O -examined O -the O -memory O -- O -altering O -abilities O -of O -structural O -analogs O -of O -PREGS B-Chemical -, O -which O -differ O -in O -their O -modulation O -of O -NMDAR O -and O -/ O -or O -GABA B-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -R O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -analogs O -tested O -were O -: O -11 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ketopregnenolone I-Chemical -sulphate I-Chemical -( O -an O -agent O -that O -is O -inactive O -at O -GABA B-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -Rs O -and O -NMDARs O -) O -, O -epipregnanolone B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -3beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pregnan I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -20 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -one I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -sulphate I-Chemical -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -both O -GABA B-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -Rs O -and O -NMDARs O -) O -, O -and O -a O -newly O -synthesized O -( O -- O -) O -PREGS B-Chemical -enantiomer O -( O -which O -is O -identical O -to O -PREGS B-Chemical -in O -effects O -on O -GABA B-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -Rs O -and O -NMDARs O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -memory O -- O -enhancing O -effects O -of O -PREGS B-Chemical -and O -its O -analogs O -were O -tested O -in O -the O -passive O -avoidance O -task O -using O -the O -model O -of O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -amnesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -PREGS B-Chemical -and O -its O -( O -- O -) O -enantiomer O -blocked O -the O -effects O -of O -scopolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -show O -that O -, O -unlike O -PREGS B-Chemical -, O -11 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ketopregnenolone I-Chemical -sulphate I-Chemical -and O -epipregnanolone B-Chemical -sulphate I-Chemical -failed O -to O -block O -the O -effect O -of O -scopolamine B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -that O -altering O -the O -modulation O -of O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptors O -diminishes O -the O -memory O -- O -enhancing O -effects O -of O -PREGS B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -enantioselectivity O -was O -demonstrated O -by O -the O -ability O -of O -natural O -PREGS B-Chemical -to O -be O -an O -order O -of O -magnitude O -more O -effective O -than O -its O -synthetic O -enantiomer O -in O -reversing O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -amnesia O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -identify O -a O -novel O -neuropharmacological O -site O -for O -the O -modulation O -of O -memory O -processes O -by O -neuroactive O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -poly B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -ADP I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ribose I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -polymerase O -contributes O -to O -development O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -the O -nuclear O -enzyme O -poly B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -ADP I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ribose I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -polymerase O -( O -PARP O -) O -by O -oxidant O -- O -mediated O -DNA O -damage O -is O -an O -important O -pathway O -of O -cell O -dysfunction O -and O -tissue O -injury O -in O -conditions O -associated O -with O -oxidative O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -oxidative O -stress O -is O -a O -major O -factor O -implicated O -in O -the O -cardiotoxicity O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -DOX B-Chemical -) O -, O -a O -widely O -used O -antitumor O -anthracycline B-Chemical -antibiotic O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -we O -hypothesized O -that O -the O -activation O -of O -PARP O -may O -contribute O -to O -the O -DOX B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -a O -dual O -approach O -of O -PARP O -- O -1 O -suppression O -, O -by O -genetic O -deletion O -or O -pharmacological O -inhibition O -with O -the O -phenanthridinone O -PARP O -inhibitor O -PJ34 B-Chemical -, O -we O -now O -demonstrate O -the O -role O -of O -PARP O -in O -the O -development O -of O -cardiac O -dysfunction O -induced O -by O -DOX B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -PARP O -- O -1 O -+ O -/ O -+ O -and O -PARP O -- O -1 O -- O -/ O -- O -mice O -received O -a O -single O -injection O -of O -DOX B-Chemical -( O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -days O -after O -DOX B-Chemical -administration O -, O -left O -ventricular O -performance O -was O -significantly O -depressed O -in O -PARP O -- O -1 O -+ O -/ O -+ O -mice O -, O -but O -only O -to O -a O -smaller O -extent O -in O -PARP O -- O -1 O -- O -/ O -- O -ones O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -experiments O -were O -conducted O -in O -BALB O -/ O -c O -mice O -treated O -with O -PJ34 B-Chemical -or O -vehicle O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -a O -PJ34 B-Chemical -significantly O -improved O -cardiac O -dysfunction O -and O -increased O -the O -survival O -of O -the O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -PJ34 B-Chemical -significantly O -reduced O -the O -DOX B-Chemical -- O -induced O -increase O -in O -the O -serum O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -activities O -but O -not O -metalloproteinase O -activation O -in O -the O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -PARP O -activation O -contributes O -to O -the O -cardiotoxicity O -of O -DOX B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -PARP O -inhibitors O -may O -exert O -protective O -effects O -against O -the O -development O -of O -severe O -cardiac O -complications O -associated O -with O -the O -DOX B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Spironolactone B-Chemical -: O -is O -it O -a O -novel O -drug O -for O -the O -prevention O -of O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -- O -related O -hypokalemia O -in O -cancer O -patients O -? O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -Nephrotoxicity O -is O -the O -major O -adverse O -effect O -of O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -( O -AmB B-Chemical -) O -, O -often O -limiting O -administration O -of O -full O -dosage O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -distal O -tubular O -epithelial O -toxicity O -seems O -to O -be O -responsible O -for O -the O -profound O -potassium B-Chemical -wasting O -that O -is O -a O -major O -clinical O -side O -effect O -of O -treatment O -with O -AmB B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -depletion O -also O -potentiates O -the O -tubular O -toxicity O -of O -AmB B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -assess O -the O -ability O -of O -spironolactone B-Chemical -to O -reduce O -potassium B-Chemical -requirements O -and O -to O -prevent O -hypokalemia O -in O -neutropenic O -patients O -on O -AmB B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -In O -this O -study O -26 O -patients O -with O -various O -hematological O -disorders O -were O -randomized O -to O -receive O -either O -intravenous O -AmB B-Chemical -alone O -or O -AmB B-Chemical -and O -oral O -spironolactone B-Chemical -100 O -mg O -twice O -daily O -when O -developing O -a O -proven O -or O -suspected O -fungal O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Patients O -receiving O -concomitant O -AmB B-Chemical -and O -spironolactone B-Chemical -had O -significantly O -higher O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -levels O -than O -those O -receiving O -AmB B-Chemical -alone O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -0027 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Those O -patients O -receiving O -AmB B-Chemical -and O -spironolactone B-Chemical -required O -significantly O -less O -potassium B-Chemical -supplementation O -to O -maintain O -their O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -within O -the O -normal O -range O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -022 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -urinary O -potassium B-Chemical -losses O -were O -significantly O -less O -in O -patients O -receiving O -AmB B-Chemical -and O -spironolactone B-Chemical -than O -those O -receiving O -AmB B-Chemical -alone O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -040 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -This O -study O -showed O -that O -spironolactone B-Chemical -can O -reduce O -potassium B-Chemical -requirements O -and O -prevent O -hypokalemia O -by O -reducing O -urinary O -potassium B-Chemical -loss O -in O -neutropenic O -patients O -on O -AmB B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Erectile O -dysfunction O -occurs O -following O -substantia O -nigra O -lesions O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Erectile O -function O -was O -assessed O -6 O -weeks O -following O -uni O -- O -and O -bilateral O -injections O -of O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -in O -the O -substantia O -nigra O -nucleus O -of O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Behavioral O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -penile O -erections O -were O -reduced O -( O -5 O -/ O -8 O -) O -and O -increased O -( O -3 O -/ O -8 O -) O -in O -uni O -- O -and O -bilateral O -lesioned O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracavernous O -pressures O -, O -following O -electrical O -stimulation O -of O -the O -cavernous O -nerve O -, O -decreased O -in O -lesioned O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Lesions O -of O -the O -substantia O -nigra O -were O -confirmed O -by O -histology O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentration O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -its O -metabolites O -were O -decreased O -in O -the O -striatum O -of O -substantia O -nigra O -lesioned O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Lesions O -of O -the O -substantia O -nigra O -are O -therefore O -associated O -with O -erectile O -dysfunction O -in O -rats O -and O -may O -serve O -as O -a O -model O -to O -study O -erectile O -dysfunction O -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Nicotine B-Chemical -potentiation O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -effects O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -on O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -mice O -have O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -but O -not O -nicotine B-Chemical -induced O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -was O -potentiated O -by O -nicotine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Intraperitoneal O -administration O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -naloxone B-Chemical -, O -mecamylamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -to O -mice O -reduced O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -a O -combination O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -with O -nicotine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Intracerebroventricular O -injection O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -, O -and O -naloxone B-Chemical -also O -decreased O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -plus O -nicotine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Intraperitoneal O -administration O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -intraperitoneal O -or O -intracerebroventricular O -injection O -of O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -, O -decreased O -the O -effect O -of O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -morphine B-Chemical -catalepsy O -can O -be O -elicited O -by O -opioid O -and O -cholinergic O -receptors O -, O -and O -the O -potentiation O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -induced O -by O -nicotine B-Chemical -may O -also O -be O -mediated O -through O -cholinergic O -receptor O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Force O -overflow O -and O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -assessed O -force O -coordination O -of O -the O -hand O -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -and O -its O -relationship O -to O -motor O -complications O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -particularly O -to O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -( O -LID O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -two O -groups O -of O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -patients O -with O -( O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -+ O -LID O -, O -n O -= O -23 O -) O -and O -without O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -( O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -- O -LID O -, O -n O -= O -10 O -) O -, O -and O -age O -- O -matched O -healthy O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -motor O -score O -of O -the O -Unified O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -Disease O -Rating O -Scale O -, O -a O -dyskinesia O -score O -and O -force O -in O -a O -grip O -- O -lift O -paradigm O -were O -assessed O -ON O -and O -OFF O -levodopa B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -pathological O -increase O -of O -forces O -was O -seen O -in O -ON O -- O -state O -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -+ O -LID O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -+ O -LID O -, O -the O -force O -involved O -in O -pressing O -down O -the O -object O -before O -lifting O -was O -significantly O -increased O -by O -levodopa B-Chemical -( O -by O -61 O -% O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -overshooting O -of O -peak O -grip O -force O -by O -51 O -% O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -and O -of O -static O -grip O -force O -by O -45 O -% O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -ON O -- O -compared O -with O -the O -OFF O -- O -drug O -condition O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -no O -excessive O -force O -was O -found O -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -- O -LID O -. O - -aps B-category -Peak O -grip O -force O -in O -ON O -- O -state O -was O -140 O -% O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -higher O -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -+ O -LID O -than O -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -- O -LID O -, O -while O -static O -grip O -force O -was O -increased O -by O -138 O -% O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -between O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Severity O -of O -peak O -- O -dose O -dyskinesias O -was O -strongly O -correlated O -with O -grip O -force O -in O -ON O -- O -state O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -79 O -with O -peak O -force O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -correlation O -was O -observed O -between O -forces O -and O -the O -motor O -score O -as O -well O -as O -with O -the O -daily O -dose O -of O -dopaminergic O -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -Force O -excess O -was O -only O -observed O -in O -patients O -with O -LID O -and O -motor O -fluctuations O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -close O -relationship O -was O -seen O -between O -the O -overshooting O -of O -forces O -and O -dyskinesias O -in O -the O -ON O -- O -drug O -condition O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -postulate O -that O -both O -LID O -and O -grip O -force O -excess O -share O -common O -pathophysiological O -mechanisms O -related O -to O -motor O -fluctuations O -. O - -aps B-category -Behavioral O -effects O -of O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -on O -reserpine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -dizocilpine B-Chemical -( O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -) O -, O -a O -noncompetitive O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -( O -NMDA B-Chemical -) O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -were O -studied O -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -- O -related O -behaviors O -induced O -by O -reserpine B-Chemical -treatments O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -focuses O -on O -behavioral O -syndromes O -that O -may O -used O -as O -models O -for O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -, O -or O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -, O -and O -its O -response O -after O -glutamatergic O -blockage O -. O - -aps B-category -Reserpine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -administered O -once O -every O -other O -day O -for O -4 O -days O -, O -produced O -increases O -in O -orofacial O -dyskinesia O -, O -tongue O -protrusion O -and O -vacuous O -chewing O -in O -mice O -, O -which O -are O -signs O -indicative O -of O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Reserpine B-Chemical -also O -produced O -tremor O -and O -catalepsy O -, O -which O -are O -signs O -suggestive O -of O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -administered O -30 O -min O -before O -the O -observation O -test O -, O -prevented O -the O -vacuous O -chewing O -movements O -, O -tongue O -protrusions O -and O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -reserpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -injection O -produced O -a O -significant O -increase O -of O -tremor O -in O -reserpine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Reserpine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -administered O -90 O -min O -before O -the O -test O -and O -followed O -by O -apomophine B-Chemical -injection O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -5 O -min O -before O -the O -test O -, O -did O -not O -produce O -oral O -dyskinesia O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -reserpine B-Chemical -induced O -increases O -in O -tremor O -and O -catalepsy O -compared O -to O -control O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -administration O -attenuated O -the O -catalepsy O -and O -tremor O -induced O -by O -reserpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -24 O -h O -before O -the O -observation O -test O -produced O -increases O -in O -vacuous O -chewing O -movements O -and O -tongue O -protrusion O -, O -as O -well O -as O -increases O -in O -tremor O -and O -catalepsy O -, O -whereas O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -injection O -90 O -min O -before O -the O -test O -reversed O -the O -effects O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -show O -that O -reserpine B-Chemical -produces O -different O -and O -abnormal O -movements O -, O -which O -are O -related O -to O -dose O -and O -schedule O -employed O -and O -can O -be O -considered O -as O -parkinsonian O -- O -like O -and O -tardive O -dsykinesia O -signs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glutamatergic O -blockage O -produced O -by O -NMDA B-Chemical -can O -restore O -these O -signs O -, O -such O -as O -vacuous O -chewing O -movements O -, O -tongue O -protrusions O -, O -catalepsy O -and O -tremor O -according O -to O -the O -employed O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Risperidone B-Chemical -- O -associated O -, O -benign O -transient O -visual O -disturbances O -in O -schizophrenic O -patients O -with O -a O -past O -history O -of O -LSD B-Chemical -abuse O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -schizophrenic O -patients O -, O -who O -had O -a O -prior O -history O -of O -LSD B-Chemical -abuse O -and O -who O -had O -previously O -developed O -EPS O -with O -classic O -antipsychotics O -, O -were O -successfully O -treated O -with O -risperidone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -They O -both O -reported O -short O -episodes O -of O -transient O -visual O -disturbances O -, O -which O -appeared O -immediately O -after O -starting O -treatment O -with O -risperidone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -imagery O -resembled O -visual O -disturbances O -previously O -experienced O -as O -" O -flashbacks O -" O -related O -to O -prior O -LSD B-Chemical -consumption O -. O - -aps B-category -Risperidone B-Chemical -administration O -was O -continued O -and O -the O -visual O -disturbances O -gradually O -wore O -off O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -a O -six O -- O -month O -follow O -- O -up O -period O -, O -there O -was O -no O -recurrence O -of O -visual O -disturbances O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -phenomenon O -may O -be O -interpreted O -as O -a O -benign O -, O -short O -- O -term O -and O -self O -- O -limiting O -side O -effect O -which O -does O -not O -contraindicate O -the O -use O -of O -risperidone B-Chemical -or O -interfere O -with O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Conclusions O -based O -on O -two O -case O -reports O -should O -be O -taken O -with O -appropriate O -caution O -. O - -aps B-category -Topiramate B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrolithiasis O -. O - -aps B-category -Topiramate B-Chemical -is O -a O -recently O -developed O -antiepileptic O -medication O -that O -is O -becoming O -more O -widely O -prescribed O -because O -of O -its O -efficacy O -in O -treating O -refractory O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Urologists O -should O -be O -aware O -that O -this O -medication O -can O -cause O -metabolic O -acidosis O -in O -patients O -secondary O -to O -inhibition O -of O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -a O -distal O -tubular O -acidification O -defect O -may O -result O -, O -thus O -impairing O -the O -normal O -compensatory O -drop O -in O -urine O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -factors O -can O -lead O -to O -the O -development O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -nephrolithiasis O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -first O -two O -cases O -of O -topiramate B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrolithiasis O -in O -the O -urologic O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -Ketamine B-Chemical -in O -war O -/ O -tropical O -surgery O -( O -a O -final O -tribute O -to O -the O -racemic O -mixture O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -technique O -of O -continuous O -intravenous O -anaesthesia O -with O -ketamine B-Chemical -was O -used O -successfully O -during O -the O -Somalia O -civil O -war O -in O -1994 O -and O -in O -north O -Uganda O -in O -1999 O -for O -64 O -operations O -in O -62 O -patients O -, O -aged O -from O -6 O -weeks O -to O -70 O -years O -, O -undergoing O -limb O -and O -abdominal O -surgery O -including O -caesarian O -sections O -and O -interventions O -in O -neonates O -. O - -aps B-category -Operations O -lasting O -up O -to O -2h O -could O -be O -performed O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -sophisticated O -equipment O -such O -as O -pulse O -oximeters O -or O -ventilators O -in O -patients O -on O -spontaneous O -ventilation O -breathing O -air O -/ O -oxygen B-Chemical -only O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -premedication O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -glycopyrrolate B-Chemical -and O -local O -anaesthesia O -, O -and O -induction O -with O -standard O -doses O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -, O -a O -maintenance O -dose O -of O -10 O -- O -20 O -microg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -proved O -safe O -and O -effective O -. O - -aps B-category -Emphasis O -was O -placed O -on O -bedside O -clinical O -monitoring O -, O -relying O -heavily O -on O -the O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -, O -unless O -contraindicated O -or O -risky O -, O -remains O -the O -only O -necessary O -complementary O -drug O -to O -ketamine B-Chemical -as O -it O -buffers O -its O -cardiovascular O -response O -and O -decreases O -the O -duration O -and O -intensity O -of O -operative O -and O -postoperative O -hallucinations O -. O - -aps B-category -Local O -anaesthetic O -blocks O -were O -useful O -in O -decreasing O -the O -requirement O -for O -postoperative O -analgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -antisialogue O -was O -usually O -unnecessary O -in O -operations O -lasting O -up O -to O -2 O -h O -, O -glycopyrrolate B-Chemical -being O -the O -best O -choice O -for O -its O -lowest O -psychotropic O -and O -chronotropic O -effects O -, O -especially O -in O -a O -hot O -climate O -. O - -aps B-category -Experience O -in O -war O -/ O -tropical O -settings O -suggests O -this O -technique O -could O -be O -useful O -in O -civilian O -contexts O -such O -as O -outdoor O -life O -- O -saving O -emergency O -surgery O -or O -in O -mass O -casualties O -where O -, O -e O -. O -g O -. O -amputation O -and O -rapid O -extrication O -were O -required O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -ribavirin B-Chemical -treatment O -for O -severe O -adenovirus O -disease O -in O -immunocompromised O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Adenovirus O -is O -an O -important O -cause O -of O -morbidity O -and O -mortality O -in O -the O -immunocompromised O -host O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -severe O -adenovirus O -disease O -in O -pediatrics O -is O -increasing O -in O -association O -with O -growing O -numbers O -of O -immunocompromised O -children O -, O -where O -case O -fatality O -rates O -as O -high O -as O -50 O -% O -to O -80 O -% O -have O -been O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -no O -approved O -antiviral O -agents O -with O -proven O -efficacy O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -severe O -adenovirus O -disease O -, O -nor O -are O -there O -any O -prospective O -randomized O -, O -controlled O -trials O -of O -potentially O -useful O -anti O -- O -adenovirus O -therapies O -. O - -aps B-category -Apparent O -clinical O -success O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -severe O -adenovirus O -disease O -is O -limited O -to O -a O -few O -case O -reports O -and O -small O -series O -. O - -aps B-category -Experience O -is O -greatest O -with O -intravenous O -ribavirin B-Chemical -and O -cidofovir B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ribavirin B-Chemical -, O -a O -guanosine B-Chemical -analogue O -, O -has O -broad O -antiviral O -activity O -against O -both O -RNA O -and O -DNA O -viruses O -, O -including O -documented O -activity O -against O -adenovirus O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Ribavirin B-Chemical -is O -licensed O -in O -aerosol O -form O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -respiratory O -syncytial O -virus O -infection O -, O -and O -orally O -in O -combination O -with O -interferon O -to O -treat O -hepatitis O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -ribavirin B-Chemical -is O -the O -treatment O -of O -choice O -for O -infection O -with O -hemorrhagic O -fever O -viruses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -common O -adverse O -effect O -of O -intravenous O -ribavirin B-Chemical -is O -reversible O -mild O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -cidofovir B-Chemical -in O -severe O -adenovirus O -infection O -has O -been O -limited O -by O -adverse O -effects O -, O -the O -most O -significant O -of O -which O -is O -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -We O -report O -our O -experience O -with O -intravenous O -ribavirin B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -severe O -adenovirus O -disease O -in O -a O -series O -of O -immunocompromised O -children O -and O -review O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -/ O -METHODS O -: O -We O -retrospectively O -reviewed O -the O -medical O -records O -of O -5 O -children O -treated O -with O -intravenous O -ribavirin B-Chemical -for O -documented O -severe O -adenovirus O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -developed O -adenovirus O -hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -after O -cardiac O -and O -bone O -marrow O -transplants O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bone O -marrow O -transplant O -patient O -also O -received O -intravenous O -cidofovir B-Chemical -for O -progressive O -disseminated O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -additional O -3 O -children O -developed O -adenovirus O -pneumonia O -; O -2 O -were O -neonates O -, O -1 O -of O -whom O -had O -partial O -DiGeorge O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -remaining O -infant O -had O -recently O -undergone O -a O -cardiac O -transplant O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -ribavirin B-Chemical -was O -administered O -on O -a O -compassionate O -- O -use O -protocol O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Complete O -clinical O -recovery O -followed O -later O -by O -viral O -clearance O -was O -observed O -in O -2 O -children O -: O -the O -cardiac O -transplant O -recipient O -with O -adenovirus O -hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -and O -the O -immunocompetent O -neonate O -with O -adenovirus O -pneumonia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -remaining O -3 O -children O -died O -of O -adenovirus O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -ribavirin B-Chemical -therapy O -was O -well O -tolerated O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -cidofovir B-Chemical -in O -1 O -child O -was O -associated O -with O -progressive O -renal O -failure O -and O -neutropenia O -. O - -aps B-category -DISCUSSION O -: O -Our O -series O -of O -patients O -is O -representative O -of O -the O -spectrum O -of O -immunocompromised O -children O -at O -greatest O -risk O -for O -severe O -adenovirus O -disease O -, O -namely O -solid O -- O -organ O -and O -bone O -marrow O -transplant O -recipients O -, O -neonates O -, O -and O -children O -with O -immunodeficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -intravenous O -ribavirin B-Chemical -was O -not O -effective O -for O -all O -children O -with O -severe O -adenovirus O -disease O -in O -this O -series O -or O -in O -the O -literature O -, O -therapy O -is O -unlikely O -to O -be O -of O -benefit O -if O -begun O -late O -in O -the O -course O -of O -the O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -Early O -identification O -, O -eg O -by O -polymerase O -chain O -reaction O -of O -those O -patients O -at O -risk O -of O -disseminated O -adenovirus O -disease O -may O -permit O -earlier O -antiviral O -treatment O -and O -better O -evaluation O -of O -therapeutic O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Two O -of O -5 O -children O -with O -severe O -adenovirus O -disease O -treated O -with O -intravenous O -ribavirin B-Chemical -recovered O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -availability O -of O -newer O -rapid O -diagnostic O -techniques O -, O -such O -as O -polymerase O -chain O -reaction O -, O -may O -make O -earlier O -, O -more O -effective O -treatment O -of O -adenovirus O -infection O -possible O -. O - -aps B-category -Given O -the O -seriousness O -and O -increasing O -prevalence O -of O -adenovirus O -disease O -in O -certain O -hosts O -, O -especially O -children O -, O -a O -large O -, O -multicenter O -clinical O -trial O -of O -potentially O -useful O -anti O -- O -adenoviral O -therapies O -, O -such O -as O -intravenous O -ribavirin B-Chemical -, O -is O -clearly O -required O -to O -demonstrate O -the O -most O -effective O -and O -least O -toxic O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Delayed O -asystolic O -cardiac O -arrest O -after O -diltiazem B-Chemical -overdose O -; O -resuscitation O -with O -high O -dose O -intravenous O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -51 O -year O -old O -man O -took O -a O -mixed O -overdose O -including O -1 O -. O -8 O -- O -3 O -. O -6 O -g O -of O -diltiazem B-Chemical -, O -paracetamol B-Chemical -, O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -isosorbide B-Chemical -nitrate B-Chemical -, O -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -He O -initially O -presented O -to O -hospital O -after O -six O -hours O -with O -mild O -hypotension O -and O -was O -treated O -with O -activated O -charcoal O -and O -intravenous O -fluids O -. O - -aps B-category -Eighteen O -hours O -after O -the O -overdose O -he O -had O -two O -generalised O -tonic O -- O -clonic O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -remained O -unresponsive O -with O -junctional O -bradycardia O -, O -unrecordable O -blood O -pressure O -, O -and O -then O -became O -asystolic O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -was O -resuscitated O -with O -high O -dose O -( O -13 O -. O -5 O -g O -) O -intravenous O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -( O -epinephrine B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -required O -inotropic O -support O -and O -temporary O -pacing O -over O -the O -next O -48 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -suggests O -there O -is O -a O -role O -for O -aggressive O -high O -dose O -intravenous O -calcium B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -severe O -diltiazem B-Chemical -overdose O -, O -particularly O -with O -the O -onset O -of O -asystole O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -should O -be O -considered O -early O -in O -cases O -of O -cardiac O -arrest O -after O -diltiazem B-Chemical -overdose O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -case O -also O -highlights O -the O -problems O -with O -delayed O -toxicity O -when O -whole O -bowel O -irrigation O -is O -not O -administered O -. O - -aps B-category -Low B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -molecular I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -weight I-Chemical -heparin I-Chemical -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -patients O -with O -mechanical O -heart O -valves O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -The O -interruption O -of O -oral O -anticoagulant O -( O -OAC O -) O -administration O -is O -sometimes O -indicated O -in O -patients O -with O -mechanical O -heart O -valves O -, O -mainly O -before O -noncardiac O -surgery O -, O -non O -- O -surgical O -interventions O -, O -and O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Unfractionated B-Chemical -heparin I-Chemical -( O -UH B-Chemical -) O -is O -currently O -the O -substitute O -for O -selected O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Low B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -molecular I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -weight I-Chemical -heparin I-Chemical -( O -LMWH B-Chemical -) O -offers O -theoretical O -advantages O -over O -UH B-Chemical -, O -but O -is O -not O -currently O -considered O -in O -clinical O -guidelines O -as O -an O -alternative O -to O -UH B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -prosthetic O -valves O -. O - -aps B-category -HYPOTHESIS O -: O -The O -aim O -of O -the O -present O -study O -was O -to O -review O -the O -data O -accumulated O -so O -far O -on O -the O -use O -of O -LMWH B-Chemical -in O -this O -patient O -population O -and O -to O -discuss O -its O -applicability O -in O -common O -practice O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -For O -this O -paper O -, O -the O -current O -medical O -literature O -on O -LMWH B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -mechanical O -heart O -valves O -was O -extensively O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -There O -were O -eight O -series O -and O -six O -case O -reports O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -studies O -was O -randomized O -, O -and O -only O -one O -was O -prospective O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -to O -establish O -the O -thromboembolic O -risk O -were O -incomplete O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -excluding O -case O -reports O -, O -the O -following O -groups O -were O -constructed O -: O -( O -a O -) O -short O -- O -term O -administration O -, O -after O -valve O -insertion O -( O -n O -= O -212 O -) O -; O -( O -b O -) O -short O -- O -term O -, O -perioperative O -( O -noncardiac O -) O -/ O -periprocedural O -( O -n O -= O -114 O -) O -; O -( O -c O -) O -long O -- O -term O -, O -due O -to O -intolerance O -to O -OAC O -( O -n O -= O -16 O -) O -; O -( O -d O -) O -long O -- O -term O -, O -in O -pregnancy O -( O -n O -= O -10 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -rate O -of O -thromboembolism O -was O -0 O -. O -9 O -% O -for O -all O -the O -studies O -and O -0 O -. O -5 O -, O -0 O -, O -20 O -, O -and O -0 O -% O -in O -groups O -a O -, O -b O -, O -c O -, O -and O -d O -, O -respectively O -; O -for O -hemorrhage O -, O -the O -overall O -rate O -was O -3 O -. O -4 O -% O -( O -3 O -. O -8 O -, O -2 O -. O -6 O -, O -10 O -, O -and O -0 O -% O -for O -the O -respective O -groups O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -In O -patients O -with O -mechanical O -heart O -valves O -, O -short O -- O -term O -LMWH B-Chemical -therapy O -compares O -favorably O -with O -UH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -on O -mid O -- O -and O -long O -- O -term O -LMWH B-Chemical -administration O -in O -these O -patients O -are O -sparse O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -randomized O -studies O -are O -needed O -to O -confirm O -the O -safety O -and O -precise O -indications O -for O -the O -use O -of O -LMWH B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -mechanical O -heart O -valves O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -arrest O -after O -intravenous O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -- O -a O -case O -of O -five O -repeated O -injections O -of O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -causing O -five O -episodes O -of O -cardiac O -arrest O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -patient O -where O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -was O -immediately O -followed O -by O -asystole O -repeatedly O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -received O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -10 O -mg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -five O -times O -during O -48 O -h O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -interviewing O -the O -attending O -nurses O -and O -reviewing O -the O -written O -documentation O -, O -it O -is O -clear O -that O -every O -administration O -of O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -was O -immediately O -( O -within O -s O -) O -followed O -by O -asystole O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -asystole O -lasted O -15 O -- O -30 O -s O -on O -four O -occasions O -, O -on O -one O -occasion O -it O -lasted O -2 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -received O -atropine B-Chemical -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -1 O -mg O -and O -chest O -compressions O -, O -before O -sinus O -rhythm O -again O -took O -over O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -interpret O -this O -as O -episodes O -of O -cardiac O -arrest O -caused O -by O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rapid O -injection O -via O -the O -central O -venous O -route O -and O -the O -concomitant O -tapering O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -infusion O -might O -have O -contributed O -in O -precipitating O -the O -adverse O -drug O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunohistochemical O -study O -on O -inducible O -type O -of O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -( O -iNOS O -) O -, O -basic O -fibroblast O -growth O -factor O -( O -bFGF O -) O -and O -tumor O -growth O -factor O -- O -beta1 O -( O -TGF O -- O -beta1 O -) O -in O -arteritis O -induced O -in O -rats O -by O -fenoldopam B-Chemical -and O -theophylline B-Chemical -, O -vasodilators O -. O - -aps B-category -Arteritis O -induced O -in O -rats O -by O -vasodilators O -, O -fenoldopam B-Chemical -and O -theophylline B-Chemical -, O -was O -examined O -immunohistochemically O -for O -expressions O -of O -inducible O -type O -of O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -synthase O -( O -iNOS O -) O -, O -basic O -fibroblast O -growth O -factor O -( O -bFGF O -) O -and O -tumor O -growth O -factor O -- O -beta1 O -( O -TGF O -- O -beta1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -were O -administered O -fenoldopam B-Chemical -for O -24 O -hours O -by O -intravenous O -infusion O -with O -or O -without O -following O -repeated O -daily O -oral O -administrations O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Irrespective O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -administration O -, O -iNOS O -antigens O -were O -remarkably O -abundant O -in O -ED O -- O -1 O -- O -positive O -cells O -on O -day O -5 O -and O -8 O -post O -- O -fenoldopam B-Chemical -- O -infusion O -( O -DPI O -) O -; O -bFGF O -antigens O -were O -remarkably O -abundant O -in O -ED O -- O -1 O -- O -positive O -cells O -on O -1 O -and O -3 O -DPI O -; O -TGF O -- O -beta1 O -antigens O -were O -observed O -in O -ED O -- O -1 O -- O -positive O -cells O -on O -and O -after O -5 O -DPI O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -peak O -expression O -of O -iNOS O -antigen O -was O -followed O -by O -that O -of O -bFGF O -antigen O -, O -and O -bFGF O -may O -have O -a O -suppressive O -effect O -on O -iNOS O -expression O -in O -these O -rat O -arteritis O -models O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -TGF O -- O -beta1 O -was O -not O -considered O -to O -have O -a O -suppressive O -effect O -on O -iNOS O -expression O -in O -these O -models O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -striatum O -as O -a O -target O -for O -anti O -- O -rigor O -effects O -of O -an O -antagonist O -of O -mGluR1 O -, O -but O -not O -an O -agonist O -of O -group O -II O -metabotropic O -glutamate B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -the O -present O -study O -was O -to O -find O -out O -whether O -the O -metabotropic O -receptor O -1 O -( O -mGluR1 O -) O -and O -group O -II O -mGluRs O -, O -localized O -in O -the O -striatum O -, O -are O -involved O -in O -antiparkinsonian O -- O -like O -effects O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -ip O -) O -induced O -parkinsonian O -- O -like O -muscle O -rigidity O -, O -measured O -as O -an O -increased O -resistance O -of O -a O -rat O -' O -s O -hind O -foot O -to O -passive O -flexion O -and O -extension O -at O -the O -ankle O -joint O -. O - -aps B-category -( B-Chemical -RS I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminoindan I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dicarboxylic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -AIDA B-Chemical -; O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -15 O -microg O -/ O -0 O -. O -5 O -microl O -) O -, O -a O -potent O -and O -selective O -mGluR1 O -antagonist O -, O -or O -( B-Chemical -2R I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4R I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyrrolidine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dicarboxylate I-Chemical -( O -2R B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4R I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -APDC I-Chemical -; O -7 O -. O -5 O -- O -15 O -microg O -/ O -0 O -. O -5 O -microl O -) O -, O -a O -selective O -group O -II O -agonist O -, O -was O -injected O -bilaterally O -into O -the O -striatum O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -treated O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -AIDA B-Chemical -in O -doses O -of O -7 O -. O -5 O -- O -15 O -microg O -/ O -0 O -. O -5 O -microl O -diminished O -the O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -muscle O -rigidity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -2R B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4R I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -APDC I-Chemical -injections O -were O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -results O -may O -suggest O -that O -the O -blockade O -of O -striatal O -mGluR1 O -, O -but O -not O -the O -stimulation O -of O -group O -II O -mGluRs O -, O -may O -ameliorate O -parkinsonian O -muscle O -rigidity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -phase O -II O -study O -of O -thalidomide B-Chemical -in O -advanced O -metastatic O -renal O -cell O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -To O -evaluate O -the O -toxicity O -and O -activity O -of O -thalidomide B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -advanced O -metastatic O -renal O -cell O -cancer O -and O -to O -measure O -changes O -of O -one O -angiogenic O -factor O -, O -vascular O -endothelial O -growth O -factor O -( O -VEGF O -) O -165 O -, O -with O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -29 O -patients O -were O -enrolled O -on O -a O -study O -of O -thalidomide B-Chemical -using O -an O -intra O -- O -patient O -dose O -escalation O -schedule O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -began O -thalidomide B-Chemical -at O -400 O -mg O -/ O -d O -and O -escalated O -as O -tolerated O -to O -1200 O -mg O -/ O -d O -by O -day O -54 O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifty O -- O -nine O -per O -cent O -of O -patients O -had O -had O -previous O -therapy O -with O -IL O -- O -2 O -and O -52 O -% O -were O -performance O -status O -2 O -or O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Systemic O -plasma O -VEGF165 O -levels O -were O -measured O -by O -dual O -monoclonal O -ELISA O -in O -8 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -24 O -patients O -were O -evaluable O -for O -response O -with O -one O -partial O -response O -of O -11 O -months O -duration O -of O -a O -patient O -with O -hepatic O -and O -pulmonary O -metastases O -( O -4 O -% O -) O -, O -one O -minor O -response O -, O -and O -2 O -patients O -stable O -for O -over O -6 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Somnolence O -and O -constipation O -were O -prominent O -toxicities O -and O -most O -patients O -could O -not O -tolerate O -the O -1200 O -mg O -/ O -day O -dose O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Systemic O -plasma O -VEGF165 O -levels O -did O -not O -change O -with O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -These O -results O -are O -consistent O -with O -a O -low O -level O -of O -activity O -of O -thalidomide B-Chemical -in O -renal O -cell O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -doses O -over O -800 O -mg O -/ O -day O -was O -difficult O -to O -achieve O -in O -this O -patient O -population O -, O -however O -lower O -doses O -were O -practical O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -- O -response O -relationship O -, O -if O -any O -, O -of O -thalidomide B-Chemical -for O -renal O -cell O -carcinoma O -is O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -Can O -lidocaine B-Chemical -reduce O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -induced O -postoperative O -myalgia O -? O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -undertaken O -to O -determine O -the O -effect O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -pretreatment O -on O -reduction O -of O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myalgia O -in O -patients O -undergoing O -general O -anesthesia O -for O -gynecological O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -hundred O -and O -thirty O -- O -five O -patients O -were O -assigned O -to O -one O -of O -three O -groups O -in O -a O -prospective O -, O -double O -blind O -, O -randomized O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -Group O -PS O -, O -the O -control O -group O -, O -received O -normal O -saline O -and O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -x O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -; O -Group O -LS O -, O -lidocaine B-Chemical -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -x O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -and O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -x O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -; O -Group O -PR O -, O -normal O -saline O -and O -rocuronium B-Chemical -0 O -. O -6 O -mg O -x O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -x O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -iv O -was O -given O -for O -premedication O -and O -all O -patients O -were O -monitored O -with O -a O -noninvasive O -blood O -pressure O -monitor O -, O -ECG O -and O -pulse O -oximetry O -. O - -aps B-category -Anesthesia O -was O -induced O -with O -5 O -mg O -. O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -thiopental B-Chemical -iv O -. O -followed O -by O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -( O -Group O -PS O -, O -LS O -) O -or O -rocuronium B-Chemical -( O -Group O -PR O -) O -for O -tracheal O -intubation O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -administration O -of O -these O -agents O -, O -the O -presence O -, O -and O -degree O -of O -fasciculation O -were O -assessed O -visually O -on O -a O -four O -point O -scale O -by O -one O -investigator O -who O -was O -blinded O -to O -the O -drug O -administered O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -of O -each O -patient O -were O -monitored O -on O -nine O -occasions O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -four O -hours O -later O -, O -any O -myalgia O -experienced O -was O -assessed O -according O -to O -a O -structured O -questionaire O -and O -graded O -by O -a O -four O -point O -scale O -by O -one O -investigator O -blinded O -to O -the O -intraoperative O -management O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -muscle O -fasciculation O -was O -not O -found O -in O -Group O -PR O -while O -the O -patients O -in O -Group O -LS O -had O -a O -lower O -incidence O -of O -muscle O -fasciculation O -than O -those O -in O -Group O -PS O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -24 O -h O -, O -the O -incidence O -of O -myalgia O -was O -higher O -in O -Group O -PS O -than O -in O -Group O -LS O -and O -PR O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -correlation O -was O -not O -found O -between O -the O -incidence O -of O -myalgia O -and O -the O -occurrence O -of O -muscle O -fasciculation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -changes O -in O -systolic O -and O -diastolic O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -were O -not O -significant O -among O -the O -three O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -where O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -is O -used O -, O -lidocaine B-Chemical -is O -proven O -to O -be O -the O -useful O -pretreatment O -agent O -for O -the O -reduction O -of O -postoperative O -myalgia O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -sodium B-Chemical -channel O -density O -, O -altered O -voltage O -dependence O -of O -inactivation O -, O -and O -increased O -susceptibility O -to O -seizures O -in O -mice O -lacking O -sodium B-Chemical -channel O -beta O -2 O -- O -subunits O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -channel O -beta O -- O -subunits O -modulate O -channel O -gating O -, O -assembly O -, O -and O -cell O -surface O -expression O -in O -heterologous O -cell O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -generated O -beta2 O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -to O -investigate O -the O -role O -of O -beta2 O -in O -control O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -channel O -density O -, O -localization O -, O -and O -function O -in O -neurons O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurements O -of O -[ O -( O -3 O -) O -H O -] O -saxitoxin B-Chemical -( O -STX B-Chemical -) O -binding O -showed O -a O -significant O -reduction O -in O -the O -level O -of O -plasma O -membrane O -sodium B-Chemical -channels O -in O -beta2 O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -loss O -of O -beta2 O -resulted O -in O -negative O -shifts O -in O -the O -voltage O -dependence O -of O -inactivation O -as O -well O -as O -significant O -decreases O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -current O -density O -in O -acutely O -dissociated O -hippocampal O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -integral O -of O -the O -compound O -action O -potential O -in O -optic O -nerve O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -, O -and O -the O -threshold O -for O -action O -potential O -generation O -was O -increased O -, O -indicating O -a O -reduction O -in O -the O -level O -of O -functional O -plasma O -membrane O -sodium B-Chemical -channels O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -the O -conduction O -velocity O -, O -the O -number O -and O -size O -of O -axons O -in O -the O -optic O -nerve O -, O -and O -the O -specific O -localization O -of O -Na B-Chemical -( O -v O -) O -1 O -. O -6 O -channels O -in O -the O -nodes O -of O -Ranvier O -were O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -beta2 O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -displayed O -increased O -susceptibility O -to O -seizures O -, O -as O -indicated O -by O -reduced O -latency O -and O -threshold O -for O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -, O -but O -seemed O -normal O -in O -other O -neurological O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -observations O -show O -that O -beta2 O -- O -subunits O -play O -an O -important O -role O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -channel O -density O -and O -function O -in O -neurons O -in O -vivo O -and O -are O -required O -for O -normal O -action O -potential O -generation O -and O -control O -of O -excitability O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -liver O -failure O -with O -concurrent O -bupropion B-Chemical -and O -carbimazole B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -report O -a O -case O -of O -fatal O -liver O -failure O -possibly O -associated O -with O -concurrent O -use O -of O -bupropion B-Chemical -and O -carbimazole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -SUMMARY O -: O -A O -41 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -Chinese O -man O -with O -a O -history O -of O -hyperthyroidism O -had O -been O -treated O -with O -carbimazole B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -for O -the O -past O -5 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -received O -a O -10 O -- O -day O -course O -of O -bupropion B-Chemical -as O -an O -aid O -for O -smoking O -cessation O -10 O -weeks O -prior O -to O -presentation O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -developed O -acute O -liver O -failure O -with O -rapid O -deterioration O -of O -renal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -biopsy O -showed O -evidence O -of O -nonspecific O -drug O -- O -induced O -acute O -liver O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -His O -condition O -was O -further O -complicated O -by O -sepsis O -and O -coagulopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Death O -resulted O -19 O -days O -after O -the O -onset O -of O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -likelihood O -that O -bupropion B-Chemical -induced O -hepatotoxicity O -in O -our O -patient O -was O -possible O -, O -based O -on O -the O -Naranjo O -probability O -scale O -. O - -aps B-category -DISCUSSION O -: O -Although O -there O -is O -increasing O -evidence O -of O -hepatotoxicity O -induced O -by O -bupropion B-Chemical -, O -this O -is O -the O -first O -case O -of O -fatality O -that O -could O -have O -resulted O -from O -acute O -liver O -failure O -in O -a O -patient O -receiving O -bupropion B-Chemical -while O -on O -concomitant O -treatment O -with O -carbimazole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Clinicians O -should O -be O -aware O -of O -the O -possibility O -of O -acute O -liver O -insult O -induced O -by O -bupropion B-Chemical -given O -concurrently O -with O -other O -hepatotoxic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyeloureteral O -filling O -defects O -associated O -with O -systemic O -anticoagulation O -: O -a O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -etiology O -of O -pyeloureteritis O -cystica O -has O -long O -been O -attributed O -to O -chronic O -infection O -and O -inflammation O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -is O -presented O -that O -is O -unique O -in O -that O -the O -acute O -onset O -and O -the O -rapid O -resolution O -of O -pyeloureteral O -filling O -defects O -in O -this O -patient O -were O -documented O -by O -radiography O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -no O -evidence O -of O -antecedent O -or O -concurrent O -infection O -in O -this O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -disease O -occurred O -subsequent O -to O -the O -initiation O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -suspected O -pelvic O -thrombophlebitis O -and O -cleared O -rapidly O -subsequent O -to O -its O -discontinuation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -resolution O -of O -the O -radiographic O -findings O -may O -be O -helpful O -in O -distinguishing O -between O -true O -pyeloureteritis O -cystica O -and O -submucosal O -hemorrhage O -. O - -aps B-category -Nephrotoxic O -effects O -in O -high O -- O -risk O -patients O -undergoing O -angiography O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -The O -use O -of O -iodinated O -contrast O -medium O -can O -result O -in O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Whether O -iso O -- O -osmolar O -contrast O -medium O -is O -less O -nephrotoxic O -than O -low O -- O -osmolar O -contrast O -medium O -in O -high O -- O -risk O -patients O -is O -uncertain O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -conducted O -a O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -prospective O -, O -multicenter O -study O -comparing O -the O -nephrotoxic O -effects O -of O -an O -iso O -- O -osmolar O -, O -dimeric O -, O -nonionic O -contrast O -medium O -, O -iodixanol B-Chemical -, O -with O -those O -of O -a O -low O -- O -osmolar O -, O -nonionic O -, O -monomeric O -contrast O -medium O -, O -iohexol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -involved O -129 O -patients O -with O -diabetes O -with O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -concentrations O -of O -1 O -. O -5 O -to O -3 O -. O -5 O -mg O -per O -deciliter O -who O -underwent O -coronary O -or O -aortofemoral O -angiography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -primary O -end O -point O -was O -the O -peak O -increase O -from O -base O -line O -in O -the O -creatinine B-Chemical -concentration O -during O -the O -three O -days O -after O -angiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -end O -points O -were O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -creatinine B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -per O -deciliter O -or O -more O -, O -an O -increase O -of O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -per O -deciliter O -or O -more O -, O -and O -a O -change O -in O -the O -creatinine B-Chemical -concentration O -from O -day O -0 O -to O -day O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -creatinine B-Chemical -concentration O -increased O -significantly O -less O -in O -patients O -who O -received O -iodixanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -From O -day O -0 O -to O -day O -3 O -, O -the O -mean O -peak O -increase O -in O -creatinine B-Chemical -was O -0 O -. O -13 O -mg O -per O -deciliter O -in O -the O -iodixanol B-Chemical -group O -and O -0 O -. O -55 O -mg O -per O -deciliter O -in O -the O -iohexol B-Chemical -group O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -001 O -; O -the O -increase O -with O -iodixanol B-Chemical -minus O -the O -increase O -with O -iohexol B-Chemical -, O -- O -0 O -. O -42 O -mg O -per O -deciliter O -[ O -95 O -percent O -confidence O -interval O -, O -- O -0 O -. O -73 O -to O -- O -0 O -. O -22 O -] O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -of O -the O -64 O -patients O -in O -the O -iodixanol B-Chemical -group O -( O -3 O -percent O -) O -had O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -creatinine B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -per O -deciliter O -or O -more O -, O -as O -compared O -with O -17 O -of O -the O -65 O -patients O -in O -the O -iohexol B-Chemical -group O -( O -26 O -percent O -) O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -002 O -; O -odds O -ratio O -for O -such O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -iodixanol B-Chemical -group O -, O -0 O -. O -09 O -[ O -95 O -percent O -confidence O -interval O -, O -0 O -. O -02 O -to O -0 O -. O -41 O -] O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -patient O -receiving O -iodixanol B-Chemical -had O -an O -increase O -of O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -per O -deciliter O -or O -more O -, O -but O -10 O -patients O -in O -the O -iohexol B-Chemical -group O -( O -15 O -percent O -) O -did O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -change O -in O -the O -creatinine B-Chemical -concentration O -from O -day O -0 O -to O -day O -7 O -was O -0 O -. O -07 O -mg O -per O -deciliter O -in O -the O -iodixanol B-Chemical -group O -and O -0 O -. O -24 O -mg O -per O -deciliter O -in O -the O -iohexol B-Chemical -group O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -003 O -; O -value O -in O -the O -iodixanol B-Chemical -group O -minus O -the O -value O -in O -the O -iohexol B-Chemical -group O -, O -- O -0 O -. O -17 O -mg O -per O -deciliter O -[ O -95 O -percent O -confidence O -interval O -, O -- O -0 O -. O -34 O -to O -- O -0 O -. O -07 O -] O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Nephropathy O -induced O -by O -contrast O -medium O -may O -be O -less O -likely O -to O -develop O -in O -high O -- O -risk O -patients O -when O -iodixanol B-Chemical -is O -used O -rather O -than O -a O -low O -- O -osmolar O -, O -nonionic O -contrast O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Protective O -effect O -of O -edaravone B-Chemical -against O -streptomycin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -vestibulotoxicity O -in O -the O -guinea O -pig O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -investigated O -alleviation O -of O -streptomycin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -vestibulotoxicity O -by O -edaravone B-Chemical -in O -guinea O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -Edaravone B-Chemical -, O -a O -free O -radical O -scavenger O -, O -has O -potent O -free O -radical O -quenching O -action O -and O -is O -used O -in O -clinical O -practice O -to O -treat O -cerebral O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Streptomycin B-Chemical -was O -administered O -to O -the O -inner O -ear O -by O -osmotic O -pump O -for O -24 O -h O -, O -and O -edaravone B-Chemical -( O -n O -= O -8 O -) O -or O -saline O -( O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -was O -intraperitoneally O -injected O -once O -a O -day O -for O -7 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -observed O -horizontal O -vestibulo O -- O -ocular O -reflex O -as O -a O -marker O -of O -postoperative O -vestibular O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -injected O -with O -saline O -showed O -statistically O -smaller O -gains O -than O -those O -injected O -with O -edaravone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -edaravone B-Chemical -suppresses O -streptomycin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -vestibulotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -oromandibular O -dystonia O -in O -progressive O -supranuclear O -palsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -have O -been O -reported O -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -and O -multiple O -system O -atrophy O -. O - -aps B-category -Cranial O -dystonias O -are O -rare O -in O -patients O -with O -progressive O -supranuclear O -palsy O -( O -PSP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -report O -we O -describe O -an O -unusual O -case O -of O -reversible O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -Oromandibular O -dystonia O -( O -OMD O -) O -in O -a O -PSP O -patient O -to O -highlight O -the O -importance O -of O -recognizing O -this O -drug O -related O -complication O -in O -the O -management O -of O -PSP O -, O -and O -discuss O -the O -possible O -underlying O -pathophysiology O -. O - -aps B-category -Case O -report O -: O -Dexatrim B-Chemical -( O -Phenylpropanolamine B-Chemical -) O -as O -a O -cause O -of O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylpropanolamine B-Chemical -( O -PPA B-Chemical -) O -is O -a O -sympathetic O -amine B-Chemical -used O -in O -over O -- O -the O -- O -counter O -cold O -remedies O -and O -weight O -- O -control O -preparations O -worldwide O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -use O -has O -been O -associated O -with O -hypertensive O -episodes O -and O -hemorrhagic O -strokes O -in O -younger O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -reports O -have O -linked O -the O -abuse O -of O -PPA B-Chemical -with O -myocardial O -injury O -, O -especially O -when O -overdose O -is O -involved O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -here O -the O -first O -case O -of O -Dexatrim B-Chemical -( O -PPA B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -myocardial O -injury O -in O -a O -young O -woman O -who O -was O -using O -it O -at O -recommended O -doses O -for O -weight O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -we O -review O -the O -7 O -other O -cases O -of O -PPA B-Chemical -related O -myocardial O -injury O -that O -have O -been O -reported O -so O -far O -. O - -aps B-category -Physicians O -and O -patients O -should O -be O -alert O -to O -the O -potential O -cardiac O -risk O -associated O -with O -the O -use O -of O -PPA B-Chemical -, O -even O -at O -doses O -generally O -considered O -to O -be O -safe O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -diagnosis O -of O -high O -serum O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -levels O -in O -systemic O -lupus O -erythematosus O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -clinical O -and O -bioptic O -findings O -for O -a O -57 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -severe O -chloroquine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -1989 O -, O -she O -had O -been O -suffering O -from O -systemic O -lupus O -erythematosus O -( O -SLE O -) O -with O -renal O -involvement O -and O -undergone O -periods O -of O -treatment O -with O -azathioprine B-Chemical -and O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Additional O -therapy O -with O -chloroquine B-Chemical -( O -CQ B-Chemical -) O -was O -started O -because O -of O -arthralgia O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -same O -time O -, O -slightly O -increased O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -( O -CK O -) O -levels O -were O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -Myositis O -was O -suspected O -, O -and O -the O -patient O -was O -treated O -with O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -CK O -increase O -persisted O -, O -however O -, O -and O -she O -developed O -progressive O -muscular O -weakness O -and O -muscular O -atrophy O -. O - -aps B-category -Routine O -controls O -revealed O -markedly O -elevated O -CK O -levels O -of O -1 O -, O -700 O -U O -/ O -l O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -neurological O -and O -electrophysiological O -findings O -were O -not O -typical O -of O -myositis O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -muscle O -biopsy O -of O -the O -deltoid O -muscle O -was O -performed O -in O -order O -to O -exclude O -polymyositis O -or O -toxic O -myopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -it O -revealed O -chloroquine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myopathy O -, O -medication O -was O -stopped O -. O - -aps B-category -Discriminating O -between O -primary O -SLE O -- O -induced O -affection O -of O -the O -musculoskeletal O -system O -and O -drug O -- O -induced O -side O -effects O -is O -important O -for O -appropriate O -treatment O -of O -SLE O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Seizure O -associated O -with O -sleep O -deprivation O -and O -sustained O -- O -release O -bupropion B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -report O -describes O -a O -generalized O -seizure O -associated O -with O -sustained O -- O -release O -bupropion B-Chemical -use O -and O -sleep O -deprivation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subject O -, O -a O -31 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -female O -smoker O -, O -was O -participating O -in O -a O -clinical O -trial O -evaluating O -an O -investigational O -medication O -for O -smoking O -cessation O -that O -used O -sustained O -- O -release O -bupropion B-Chemical -as O -an O -active O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -5 O -weeks O -of O -bupropion B-Chemical -use O -, O -the O -subject O -experienced O -a O -generalized O -tonic O -clonic O -seizure O -after O -staying O -up O -nearly O -all O -night O -packing O -and O -moving O -to O -a O -new O -residence O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -had O -no O -other O -risk O -factors O -for O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -that O -sleep O -deprivation O -may O -add O -to O -the O -risk O -of O -bupropion B-Chemical -- O -associated O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Postoperative O -myalgia O -after O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -: O -no O -evidence O -for O -an O -inflammatory O -origin O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -common O -side O -effect O -associated O -with O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -is O -postoperative O -myalgia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pathogenesis O -of O -this O -myalgia O -is O -still O -unclear O -; O -inflammation O -has O -been O -suggested O -but O -without O -convincing O -evidence O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -designed O -the O -present O -study O -to O -investigate O -whether O -an O -inflammatory O -reaction O -contributes O -to O -this O -myalgia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -and O -severity O -of O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -myalgia O -was O -determined O -in O -64 O -patients O -pretreated O -with O -saline O -or O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -before O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -( O -n O -= O -32 O -for O -each O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Incidence O -and O -severity O -of O -myalgia O -did O -not O -differ O -significantly O -between O -the O -two O -groups O -: O -15 O -patients O -in O -the O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -group O -complained O -of O -myalgia O -compared O -with O -18 O -patients O -in O -the O -saline O -group O -, O -and O -severe O -myalgia O -was O -reported O -by O -five O -patients O -and O -three O -patients O -, O -respectively O -( O -not O -significant O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -48 O -h O -after O -surgery O -, O -12 O -patients O -in O -both O -groups O -still O -suffered O -from O -myalgia O -( O -not O -significant O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -interleukin O -- O -6 O -( O -IL O -- O -6 O -) O -as O -an O -early O -marker O -of O -inflammation O -was O -assessed O -in O -a O -subgroup O -of O -10 O -patients O -pretreated O -with O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -an O -increase O -of O -IL O -- O -6 O -for O -only O -three O -patients O -, O -but O -only O -one O -patient O -reported O -myalgia O -; O -no O -relationship O -between O -myalgia O -and O -the O -increase O -of O -IL O -- O -6 O -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -there O -is O -no O -evidence O -for O -an O -inflammatory O -origin O -of O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -myalgia O -. O - -aps B-category -IMPLICATIONS O -: O -Administration O -of O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -before O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -was O -not O -effective O -in O -decreasing O -the O -incidence O -or O -the O -severity O -of O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -postoperative O -myalgia O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -there O -was O -no O -significant O -relationship O -between O -postoperative O -myalgia O -and O -time O -course O -of O -interleukin O -- O -6 O -concentrations O -, O -a O -marker O -of O -inflammation O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -is O -not O -justified O -to O -prevent O -postoperative O -myalgia O -after O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -on O -hepatic O -and O -brain O -cytochrome O -P450s O -and O -influence O -of O -P450 O -modulation O -in O -lindane B-Chemical -induced O -neurotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -administration O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -, O -5 O -, O -10 O -and O -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -body O -weight O -) O -for O -5 O -days O -was O -found O -to O -produce O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -increase O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -P450 O -dependent O -7 O -- O -ethoxyresorufin O -- O -O O -- O -deethylase O -( O -EROD O -) O -, O -7 O -- O -pentoxyresorufin O -- O -O O -- O -dealkylase O -( O -PROD O -) O -and O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrosodimethylamine I-Chemical -demethylase O -( O -NDMA B-Chemical -- O -d O -) O -in O -rat O -brain O -and O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -hepatic O -and O -brain O -P450 O -monooxygenases O -was O -also O -observed O -when O -the O -duration O -of O -exposure O -of O -low O -dose O -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -was O -increased O -from O -5 O -days O -to O -15 O -or O -21 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -observed O -with O -different O -doses O -, O -the O -magnitude O -of O -induction O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -P450 O -monooxygenases O -was O -several O -fold O -higher O -in O -liver O -microsomes O -when O -compared O -with O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Western O -blotting O -studies O -have O -indicated O -that O -the O -increase O -in O -the O -P450 O -enzymes O -could O -be O -due O -to O -the O -increase O -in O -the O -expression O -of O -P450 O -1A1 O -/ O -1A2 O -, O -2B1 O -/ O -2B2 O -and O -2E1 O -isoenzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -studies O -using O -organic O -inhibitors O -specific O -for O -individual O -P450 O -isoenzymes O -and O -antibody O -inhibition O -experiments O -have O -further O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -increase O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -PROD O -, O -EROD O -and O -NDMA B-Chemical -- O -d O -are O -due O -to O -the O -increase O -in O -the O -levels O -of O -P450 O -2B1 O -/ O -2B2 O -, O -1A1 O -/ O -1A2 O -and O -2E1 O -isoenzymes O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -studies O -have O -further O -shown O -that O -while O -pretreatment O -of O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -( O -MC B-Chemical -) O -, O -an O -inducer O -of O -P4501A1 O -/ O -1A2 O -, O -did O -not O -produce O -any O -significant O -effect O -in O -the O -incidence O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -induced O -convulsions O -, O -pretreatment O -with O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -( O -PB O -) O -, O -an O -inducer O -of O -P450 O -2B1 O -/ O -2B2 O -or O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -an O -inducer O -of O -P450 O -2E1 O -catalysed O -reactions O -, O -significantly O -increased O -the O -incidence O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -induced O -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -when O -the O -P450 O -- O -mediated O -metabolism O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -was O -blocked O -by O -cobalt B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -incidence O -of O -convulsions O -was O -increased O -in O -animals O -treated O -with O -lindane B-Chemical -indicating O -that O -lindane B-Chemical -per O -se O -or O -its O -metabolites O -formed O -by O -PB O -or O -ethanol B-Chemical -inducible O -P450 O -isoenzymes O -are O -involved O -in O -its O -neurobehavioral O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Absolute O -and O -attributable O -risk O -of O -venous O -thromboembolism O -in O -women O -on O -combined O -cyproterone B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -and O -ethinylestradiol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -achieve O -absolute O -risk O -estimates O -of O -venous O -thromboembolism O -( O -VTE O -) O -among O -women O -on O -cyproterone B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -plus O -ethinylestradiol B-Chemical -( O -CPA B-Chemical -/ O -EE B-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -among O -women O -on O -combined B-Chemical -oral I-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -( O -COCs B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -From O -the O -Danish O -National O -Register O -of O -Patients O -( O -NRP O -) O -, O -1996 O -to O -1998 O -, O -the O -records O -of O -1 O -. O -1 O -million O -Danish O -women O -, O -ages O -15 O -to O -44 O -years O -, O -were O -searched O -for O -evidence O -of O -VTE O -. O - -aps B-category -COC B-Chemical -use O -was O -ascertained O -through O -mailed O -questionnaires O -. O - -aps B-category -Sales O -statistics O -of O -COCs B-Chemical -and O -CPA B-Chemical -/ O -EE B-Chemical -were O -provided O -through O -Danish O -Drug O -Statistics O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -During O -the O -time O -frame O -of O -the O -study O -, O -330 O -women O -were O -found O -to O -have O -had O -VTE O -while O -on O -COCs B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -these O -women O -, O -67 O -were O -on O -levonorgestrel B-Chemical -- O -containing O -COCs B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Eleven O -were O -on O -CPA B-Chemical -/ O -EE B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -corresponding O -absolute O -risk O -of O -VTE O -was O -3 O -. O -4 O -( O -range O -, O -3 O -. O -1 O -- O -3 O -. O -8 O -) O -per O -10 O -000 O -women O -years O -among O -the O -women O -on O -COCs B-Chemical -, O -4 O -. O -2 O -( O -range O -, O -3 O -. O -2 O -- O -5 O -. O -2 O -) O -per O -10 O -000 O -women O -years O -among O -women O -on O -levonorgestrel B-Chemical -- O -containing O -COCs B-Chemical -, O -and O -3 O -. O -1 O -( O -range O -, O -1 O -. O -3 O -- O -4 O -. O -9 O -) O -per O -10 O -000 O -women O -years O -among O -the O -women O -on O -CPA B-Chemical -/ O -EE B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Our O -results O -suggest O -the O -absolute O -risk O -of O -VTE O -among O -Danish O -women O -on O -COCs B-Chemical -is O -similar O -to O -that O -among O -women O -taking O -CPA B-Chemical -/ O -EE B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -developmental O -toxicology O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -( O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -) O -in O -rats O -using O -selected O -dosing O -paradigms O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Analysis O -of O -the O -literature O -for O -nonsteroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drugs O -( O -NSAIDs O -) O -suggests O -that O -a O -low O -incidence O -of O -developmental O -anomalies O -occurs O -in O -rats O -given O -NSAIDs O -on O -specific O -days O -during O -organogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspirin B-Chemical -( O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -[ O -ASA B-Chemical -] O -) O -, O -an O -irreversible O -cyclooxygenase O -1 O -and O -2 O -inhibitor O -, O -induces O -developmental O -anomalies O -when O -administered O -to O -Wistar O -rats O -on O -gestational O -day O -( O -GD O -) O -9 O -, O -10 O -, O -or O -11 O -( O -Kimmel O -CA O -, O -Wilson O -JG O -, O -Schumacher O -HJ O -. O -Teratology O -4 O -: O -15 O -- O -24 O -, O -1971 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -no O -published O -ASA B-Chemical -studies O -using O -the O -multiple O -dosing O -paradigm O -of O -GDs O -6 O -to O -17 O -. O - -aps B-category -Objectives O -of O -the O -current O -study O -were O -to O -compare O -results O -between O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -( O -SD O -) O -and O -Wistar O -strains O -when O -ASA B-Chemical -is O -administered O -on O -GD O -9 O -, O -10 O -, O -or O -11 O -; O -to O -compare O -the O -malformation O -patterns O -following O -single O -and O -multiple O -dosings O -during O -organogenesis O -in O -SD O -rats O -; O -and O -to O -test O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -maternal O -gastrointestinal O -toxicity O -confounds O -the O -detection O -of O -low O -incidence O -malformations O -with O -ASA B-Chemical -when O -a O -multiple O -dosing O -paradigm O -is O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -ASA B-Chemical -was O -administered O -as O -a O -single O -dose O -on O -GD O -9 O -( O -0 O -, O -250 O -, O -500 O -, O -or O -625 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -10 O -( O -0 O -, O -500 O -, O -625 O -, O -or O -750 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -or O -11 O -( O -0 O -, O -500 O -, O -750 O -, O -or O -1000 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -from O -GD O -6 O -to O -GD O -17 O -( O -0 O -, O -50 O -, O -125 O -, O -or O -250 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -a O -day O -) O -in O -the O -multiple O -dose O -study O -to O -SD O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -were O -killed O -on O -GD O -21 O -, O -and O -fetuses O -were O -examined O -viscerally O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -literature O -evaluation O -suggested O -that O -NSAIDs O -induce O -ventricular O -septal O -defects O -( O -VSDs O -) O -and O -midline O -defects O -( O -MDs O -) O -in O -rats O -and O -diaphragmatic O -hernia O -( O -DH O -) O -, O -MDs O -, O -and O -VSDs O -in O -rabbits O -( O -Cook O -JC O -et O -al O -. O -, O -2003 O -) O -; O -hence O -, O -the O -present O -study O -focused O -on O -these O -malformations O -, O -even O -though O -ASA B-Chemical -induces O -several O -other O -low O -- O -incidence O -malformations O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -single O -dose O -studies O -, O -DH O -, O -MD O -, O -and O -VSD O -were O -induced O -on O -GDs O -9 O -and O -10 O -. O - -aps B-category -VSD O -also O -was O -noted O -following O -treatment O -on O -GD O -11 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -DH O -and O -MD O -were O -noted O -in O -the O -multiple O -dose O -study O -design O -only O -in O -the O -high O -- O -dose O -group O -, O -and O -VSD O -was O -noted O -across O -all O -dose O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -High O -concordance O -in O -major O -developmental O -anomalies O -between O -Wistar O -and O -SD O -rats O -were O -noted O -with O -the O -exception O -of O -VSD O -in O -the O -SD O -rats O -and O -hydrocephalus O -in O -the O -Wistar O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Variations O -and O -malformations O -were O -similar O -when O -ASA B-Chemical -was O -administered O -as O -a O -single O -dose O -or O -during O -the O -period O -of O -organogenesis O -( O -GDs O -6 O -to O -17 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -also O -evident O -that O -, O -by O -titrating O -the O -dose O -to O -achieve O -a O -maximum O -tolerated O -dose O -, O -malformations O -that O -normally O -occur O -at O -low O -incidence O -, O -as O -reported O -from O -previous O -single O -dose O -studies O -, O -could O -also O -be O -induced O -with O -ASA B-Chemical -given O -at O -multiple O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversal O -of O -central O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -effects O -by O -flumazenil B-Chemical -after O -intravenous O -conscious O -sedation O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -opioids O -: O -report O -of O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -multicenter O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Flumazenil B-Chemical -in O -Intravenous O -Conscious O -Sedation O -with O -Diazepam B-Chemical -Multicenter O -Study O -Group O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -efficacy O -and O -safety O -of O -a O -new O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -antagonist O -, O -flumazenil B-Chemical -, O -were O -assessed O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -multicenter O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Flumazenil B-Chemical -( O -mean O -dose O -, O -0 O -. O -76 O -mg O -) O -or O -placebo O -( O -mean O -dose O -, O -8 O -. O -9 O -ml O -) O -was O -administered O -intravenously O -to O -130 O -and O -67 O -patients O -, O -respectively O -, O -who O -had O -been O -given O -diazepam B-Chemical -in O -conjunction O -with O -an O -opioid O -( O -fentanyl B-Chemical -, O -meperidine B-Chemical -, O -or O -morphine B-Chemical -) O -for O -the O -induction O -and O -maintenance O -of O -intravenous O -conscious O -sedation O -for O -diagnostic O -or O -therapeutic O -surgical O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -group O -assessable O -for O -efficacy O -comprised O -122 O -patients O -treated O -with O -flumazenil B-Chemical -and O -64 O -patients O -given O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -5 O -minutes O -, O -80 O -/ O -115 O -( O -70 O -% O -) O -flumazenil B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -, O -compared O -with O -21 O -/ O -63 O -( O -33 O -% O -) O -placebo O -- O -treated O -patients O -, O -were O -completely O -awake O -and O -alert O -, O -as O -indicated O -by O -a O -score O -of O -5 O -on O -the O -Observer O -' O -s O -Assessment O -of O -Alertness O -/ O -Sedation O -Scale O -. O - -aps B-category -Ninety O -- O -five O -percent O -of O -patients O -in O -each O -group O -who O -attained O -a O -score O -of O -5 O -at O -the O -5 O -- O -minute O -assessment O -showed O -no O -loss O -of O -alertness O -throughout O -the O -180 O -- O -minute O -assessment O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Flumazenil B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -also O -performed O -significantly O -better O -on O -the O -Finger O -- O -to O -- O -Nose O -Test O -and O -the O -recall O -of O -pictures O -shown O -at O -the O -5 O -- O -minute O -assessment O -. O - -aps B-category -Flumazenil B-Chemical -was O -well O -tolerated O -, O -with O -no O -serious O -adverse O -effects O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -nine O -( O -30 O -% O -) O -of O -flumazenil B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -, O -compared O -with O -17 O -( O -25 O -% O -) O -of O -placebo O -- O -treated O -patients O -had O -one O -or O -more O -drug O -- O -related O -adverse O -experiences O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -common O -adverse O -effects O -were O -nausea O -and O -vomiting O -in O -the O -flumazenil B-Chemical -group O -and O -nausea O -and O -injection O -- O -site O -pain O -in O -the O -placebo O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Flumazenil B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -promptly O -reverse O -sedation O -induced O -by O -diazepam B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -opioids O -. O - -aps B-category -Methylphenidate B-Chemical -- O -induced O -obsessive O -- O -compulsive O -symptoms O -in O -an O -elderly O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -82 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -with O -treatment O -- O -resistant O -depression O -and O -early O -Alzheimer O -' O -s O -disease O -was O -started O -on O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -obsessive O -- O -compulsive O -behavior O -ensued O -but O -diminished O -over O -several O -weeks O -when O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -was O -replaced O -by O -fluvoxamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -had O -no O -prior O -psychiatric O -history O -, O -but O -he O -had O -a O -sister O -with O -obsessive O -- O -compulsive O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -appears O -that O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -precipitated O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -pathological O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -Ciprofloxacin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -interstitial O -nephritis O -and O -autoimmune O -hemolytic O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Ciprofloxacin B-Chemical -has O -been O -associated O -with O -several O -side O -effects O -including O -interstitial O -nephritis O -and O -hemolytic O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combination O -of O -both O -side O -effects O -is O -extremely O -rare O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -report O -, O -we O -describe O -a O -case O -of O -ciprofloxacin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -interstitial O -nephritis O -and O -autoimmune O -hemolytic O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemolytic O -anemia O -improved O -after O -stopping O -the O -drug O -and O -initiation O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Unfortunately O -, O -acute O -interstitial O -nephritis O -was O -irreversible O -and O -the O -patient O -developed O -end O -- O -stage O -renal O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Potential O -deleterious O -effect O -of O -furosemide B-Chemical -in O -radiocontrast O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -the O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -the O -efficacy O -of O -furosemide B-Chemical -in O -addition O -to O -intravenous O -fluids O -in O -the O -prevention O -of O -radiocontrast O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -18 O -patients O -, O -referred O -to O -a O -radiocontrast O -study O -, O -considered O -at O -risk O -because O -of O -preexisting O -renal O -insufficiency O -, O -were O -enrolled O -in O -a O -prospective O -, O -randomized O -, O -controlled O -trial O -, O -performed O -at O -the O -secondary O -care O -center O -of O -a O -1 O -, O -100 O -- O -bed O -private O -university O -hospital O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -fluids O -, O -the O -treatment O -group O -received O -furosemide B-Chemical -( O -mean O -dose O -110 O -mg O -) O -intravenously O -30 O -min O -prior O -to O -the O -injection O -of O -contrast O -material O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -control O -group O -received O -fluids O -( O -mean O -3 O -liters O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Radiological O -studies O -were O -mostly O -angiographies O -performed O -with O -both O -ionic O -and O -non O -- O -ionic O -contrast O -material O -, O -at O -an O -average O -dose O -of O -245 O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -function O -significantly O -deteriorated O -in O -the O -group O -pretreated O -with O -furosemide B-Chemical -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -005 O -by O -ANOVA O -) O -, O -with O -a O -rise O -in O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -from O -145 O -+ O -/ O -- O -13 O -to O -182 O -+ O -/ O -- O -16 O -mumol O -/ O -l O -at O -24 O -h O -, O -while O -no O -change O -occurred O -in O -the O -control O -group O -( O -from O -141 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -to O -142 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -mumol O -/ O -l O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -failure O -was O -associated O -with O -weight O -loss O -in O -the O -furosemide B-Chemical -- O -treated O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Furosemide B-Chemical -may O -be O -deleterious O -in O -the O -prevention O -of O -radiocontrast O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Progestational O -agents O -and O -blood O -coagulation O -. O - -aps B-category -VII O -. O - -aps B-category -Thromboembolic O -and O -other O -complications O -of O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -therapy O -in O -relationship O -to O -pretreatment O -levels O -of O -blood O -coagulation O -factors O -: O -summary O -report O -of O -a O -ten O -- O -year O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -a O -ten O -- O -year O -period O -, O -348 O -women O -were O -studied O -for O -a O -total O -of O -5 O -, O -877 O -patient O -months O -in O -four O -separate O -studies O -relating O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -to O -changes O -in O -hematologic O -parameters O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -increases O -in O -certain O -factors O -of O -the O -blood O -coagulation O -and O -fibrinolysin O -systems O -( O -factors O -I O -, O -II O -, O -VII O -, O -VIII O -, O -IX O -, O -and O -X O -and O -plasminogen O -) O -were O -observed O -in O -the O -treated O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -complications O -developed O -in O -four O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -four O -had O -an O -abnormal O -blood O -coagulation O -profile O -, O -suggesting O -" O -hypercoagulability O -" O -before O -initiation O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -of O -these O -findings O -represented O -the O -most O -extreme O -abnormalities O -seen O -in O -the O -entire O -group O -of O -patients O -; O -some O -increased O -further O -during O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -these O -patients O -developed O -a O -myocardial O -infarction O -before O -receiving O -any O -medication O -, O -shortly O -after O -the O -base O -- O -line O -values O -were O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -patient O -developed O -retinopathy O -19 O -months O -after O -she O -began O -therapy O -, O -and O -another O -developed O -thrombophlebitis O -after O -27 O -months O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fourth O -patient O -developed O -thrombophlebitis O -14 O -days O -after O -initiation O -of O -contraceptive O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -four O -patients O -were O -of O -the O -A O -or O -AB O -blood O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -studies O -suggested O -the O -possiblility O -of O -increased O -propensity O -for O -thromboembolic O -episodes O -in O -patients O -possessing O -the O -A O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -appears O -from O -these O -data O -that O -hematologic O -work O -- O -ups O -may O -be O -useful O -in O -women O -who O -are O -about O -to O -start O -long O -- O -term O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Orthostatic O -hypotension O -occurs O -following O -alpha O -2 O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -in O -chronic O -prazosin B-Chemical -- O -pretreated O -conscious O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -were O -performed O -to O -evaluate O -whether O -chronic O -prazosin B-Chemical -treatment O -alters O -the O -alpha O -2 O -- O -adrenoceptor O -function O -for O -orthostatic O -control O -of O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -in O -conscious O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -( O -SHR O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Conscious O -SHR O -( O -male O -300 O -- O -350 O -g O -) O -were O -subjected O -to O -90 O -degrees O -head O -- O -up O -tilts O -for O -60 O -s O -following O -acute O -administration O -of O -prazosin B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -or O -rauwolscine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Orthostatic O -hypotension O -was O -determined O -by O -the O -average O -decrease O -( O -% O -) O -in O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -( O -MAP O -femoral O -) O -over O -the O -60 O -- O -s O -tilt O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -basal O -MAP O -of O -conscious O -SHR O -was O -reduced O -to O -a O -similar O -extent O -by O -prazosin B-Chemical -( O -- O -23 O -% O -( O -- O -) O -- O -26 O -% O -MAP O -) O -and O -rauwolscine B-Chemical -( O -- O -16 O -% O -( O -- O -) O -- O -33 O -% O -MAP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -head O -- O -up O -tilt O -induced O -orthostatic O -hypotension O -in O -the O -SHR O -treated O -with O -prazosin B-Chemical -( O -- O -16 O -% O -MAP O -, O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -, O -but O -not O -in O -the O -SHR O -treated O -with O -rauwolscine B-Chemical -( O -less O -than O -+ O -2 O -% O -MAP O -, O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Conscious O -SHR O -were O -treated O -for O -4 O -days O -with O -prazosin B-Chemical -at O -2 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -day O -- O -1 O -i O -. O -p O -. O -for O -chronic O -alpha O -1 O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -MAP O -in O -conscious O -SHR O -after O -chronic O -prazosin B-Chemical -treatment O -was O -14 O -% O -lower O -than O -in O -the O -untreated O -SHR O -( O -n O -= O -8 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Head O -- O -up O -tilts O -in O -these O -rats O -did O -not O -produce O -orthostatic O -hypotension O -when O -performed O -either O -prior O -to O -or O -after O -acute O -dosing O -of O -prazosin B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversely O -, O -administration O -of O -rauwolscine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -in O -chronic O -prazosin B-Chemical -treated O -SHR O -decreased O -the O -basal O -MAP O -by O -12 O -- O -31 O -% O -( O -n O -= O -4 O -) O -, O -and O -subsequent O -tilts O -induced O -further O -drops O -of O -MAP O -by O -19 O -- O -23 O -% O -in O -these O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pressor O -responses O -and O -bradycardia O -to O -the O -alpha O -1 O -- O -agonist O -cirazoline B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -6 O -and O -2 O -micrograms O -kg O -- O -1 O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -, O -the O -alpha O -2 O -- O -agonist O -Abbott B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -53693 I-Chemical -( O -1 O -and O -3 O -micrograms O -kg O -- O -1 O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -, O -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -and O -1 O -. O -0 O -micrograms O -kg O -- O -1 O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -were O -determined O -in O -conscious O -SHR O -with O -and O -without O -chronic O -prazosin B-Chemical -pretreatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -the O -pressor O -and O -bradycardia O -effects O -of O -cirazoline B-Chemical -were O -abolished O -in O -chronic O -prazosin B-Chemical -treated O -SHR O -( O -n O -= O -4 O -) O -as O -compared O -to O -the O -untreated O -SHR O -( O -n O -= O -4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -pressor O -effects O -of O -Abbott B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -53693 I-Chemical -were O -similar O -in O -both O -groups O -of O -SHR O -, O -but O -the O -accompanying O -bradycardia O -was O -greater O -in O -SHR O -with O -chronic O -prazosin B-Chemical -treatment O -than O -without O -such O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -bradycardia O -that O -accompanied O -the O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -pressor O -effect O -in O -SHR O -was O -similar O -with O -and O -without O -chronic O -prazosin B-Chemical -treatment O -despite O -a O -47 O -- O -71 O -% O -reduction O -of O -the O -pressor O -effect O -in O -chronic O -alpha O -1 O -- O -receptor O -blocked O -SHR O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -400 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Hemolytic O -- O -uremic O -syndrome O -associated O -with O -ingestion O -of O -quinine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hemolytic O -- O -uremic O -syndrome O -following O -quinine B-Chemical -ingestion O -is O -a O -newly O -described O -phenomenon O -, O -with O -just O -two O -previous O -descriptions O -of O -4 O -cases O -in O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -5th O -case O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -may O -be O -mediated O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -antibodies O -reactive O -against O -platelets O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -quinine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -has O -included O -use O -of O -plasma O -exchange O -, O -prednisone B-Chemical -, O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -and O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -have O -all O -regained O -some O -degree O -of O -renal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -it O -is O -unclear O -whether O -pharmacological O -treatment O -or O -spontaneous O -resolution O -is O -responsible O -for O -the O -improvement O -. O - -aps B-category -Quinine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -hemolytic O -- O -uremic O -syndrome O -probably O -occurs O -more O -often O -than O -is O -recognized O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -important O -to O -recognize O -this O -reaction O -when O -it O -occurs O -and O -to O -avoid O -further O -quinine B-Chemical -exposure O -, O -since O -the O -reaction O -seems O -to O -be O -recurrent O -. O - -aps B-category -Amnestic O -syndrome O -associated O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -toxicity O -: O -a O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -elderly O -woman O -developed O -an O -Alzheimer O -- O -like O -subacute O -dementia O -as O -a O -result O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -the O -manifestations O -showed O -that O -severe O -impairment O -of O -memory O -accounted O -for O -virtually O -all O -of O -the O -abnormalities O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -evidence O -that O -cerebral O -reactions O -to O -drug O -toxicity O -can O -exhibit O -patterns O -that O -suggest O -highly O -selective O -involvement O -of O -functional O -subdivisions O -of O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Cefotetan B-Chemical -- O -induced O -immune O -hemolytic O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Immune O -hemolytic O -anemia O -due O -to O -a O -drug O -- O -adsorption O -mechanism O -has O -been O -described O -primarily O -in O -patients O -receiving O -penicillins B-Chemical -and O -first O -- O -generation O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -patient O -who O -developed O -anemia O -while O -receiving O -intravenous O -cefotetan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cefotetan B-Chemical -- O -dependent O -antibodies O -were O -detected O -in O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -serum O -and O -in O -an O -eluate O -prepared O -from O -his O -red O -blood O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -eluate O -also O -reacted O -weakly O -with O -red O -blood O -cells O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -cefotetan B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -the O -concomitant O -formation O -of O -warm O -- O -reactive O -autoantibodies O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -, O -in O -conjunction O -with O -clinical O -and O -laboratory O -evidence O -of O -extravascular O -hemolysis O -, O -are O -consistent O -with O -drug O -- O -induced O -hemolytic O -anemia O -, O -possibly O -involving O -both O -drug O -- O -adsorption O -and O -autoantibody O -formation O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -emphasizes O -the O -need O -for O -increased O -awareness O -of O -hemolytic O -reactions O -to O -all O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -with O -mesna B-Chemical -for O -the O -prevention O -of O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -. O - -aps B-category -AIM O -: O -Hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -( O -HC O -) O -is O -a O -limiting O -side O -- O -effect O -of O -chemotherapy O -with O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -( O -IFS B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -study O -presented O -here O -, O -we O -investigated O -the O -use O -of O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -mesna B-Chemical -for O -the O -prevention O -of O -IFS B-Chemical -- O -induced O -HC O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Male O -Wistar O -rats O -( O -150 O -- O -200 O -g O -; O -6 O -rats O -per O -group O -) O -were O -treated O -with O -saline O -or O -mesna B-Chemical -5 O -min O -( O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -before O -and O -2 O -and O -6 O -h O -after O -( O -v O -. O -o O -. O -) O -administration O -of O -IFS B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -One O -, O -two O -or O -three O -doses O -of O -mesna B-Chemical -were O -replaced O -with O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -alone O -or O -with O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -plus O -mesna B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cystitis O -was O -evaluated O -24 O -h O -after O -its O -induction O -by O -the O -changes O -in O -bladder O -wet O -weight O -and O -by O -macroscopic O -and O -microscopic O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -replacement O -of O -the O -last O -dose O -or O -the O -last O -two O -doses O -of O -mesna B-Chemical -with O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -increase O -in O -bladder O -wet O -weight O -induced O -by O -IFS B-Chemical -by O -84 O -. O -79 O -% O -and O -89 O -. O -13 O -% O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -it O -almost O -abolished O -the O -macroscopic O -and O -microscopic O -alterations O -induced O -by O -IFS B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -the O -addition O -of O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -to O -the O -last O -two O -doses O -of O -mesna B-Chemical -was O -more O -efficient O -than O -three O -doses O -of O -mesna B-Chemical -alone O -when O -evaluated O -microscopically O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Dexamethasone B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -mesna B-Chemical -was O -efficient O -in O -blocking O -IFS B-Chemical -- O -induced O -HC O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -replacement O -of O -last O -two O -doses O -of O -mesna B-Chemical -with O -saline O -or O -all O -of O -the O -mesna B-Chemical -doses O -with O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -did O -not O -prevent O -HC O -. O - -aps B-category -All B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trans I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -retinoic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -induced O -erythema O -nodosum O -in O -patients O -with O -acute O -promyelocytic O -leukemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Erythema O -nodosum O -associated O -with O -all B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trans I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -retinoic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -ATRA B-Chemical -) O -for O -acute O -promyelocytic O -leukemia O -( O -APL O -) O -is O -very O -rare O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -four O -patients O -with O -classic O -APL O -who O -developed O -erythema O -nodosum O -during O -ATRA B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Fever O -and O -subsequent O -multiple O -painful O -erythematous O -nodules O -over O -extremities O -developed O -on O -D11 O -, O -D16 O -, O -D17 O -, O -and O -D19 O -, O -respectively O -, O -after O -ATRA B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -skin O -biopsy O -taken O -from O -each O -patient O -was O -consistent O -with O -erythema O -nodosum O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -received O -short O -course O -of O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Fever O -subsided O -rapidly O -and O -the O -skin O -lesions O -regressed O -completely O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -achieved O -complete O -remission O -without O -withdrawal O -of O -ATRA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -ATRA B-Chemical -seemed O -to O -be O -the O -most O -possible O -etiology O -of O -erythema O -nodosum O -in O -our O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Short O -- O -term O -use O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -is O -very O -effective O -in O -ATRA B-Chemical -- O -induced O -erythema O -nodosum O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -some O -convulsants O -on O -the O -protective O -activity O -of O -loreclezole B-Chemical -and O -its O -combinations O -with O -valproate B-Chemical -or O -clonazepam B-Chemical -in O -amygdala O -- O -kindled O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Loreclezole B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -exerted O -a O -significant O -protective O -action O -in O -amygdala O -- O -kindled O -rats O -, O -reducing O -both O -seizure O -and O -afterdischarge O -durations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combinations O -of O -loreclezole B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -with O -valproate B-Chemical -, O -clonazepam B-Chemical -, O -or O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -( O -applied O -at O -their O -subprotective O -doses O -) O -also O -exhibited O -antiseizure O -effect O -in O -this O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -only O -two O -first O -combinations O -occurred O -to O -be O -of O -pharmacodynamic O -nature O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -several O -chemoconvulsants O -, O -bicuculline B-Chemical -, O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -BAY B-Chemical -k I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8644 I-Chemical -( O -the O -opener O -of O -L O -- O -type O -calcium B-Chemical -channels O -) O -reversed O -the O -protective O -activity O -of O -loreclezole B-Chemical -alone O -and O -its O -combination O -with O -valproate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -bicuculline B-Chemical -, O -aminophylline B-Chemical -and O -BAY B-Chemical -k I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8644 I-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -anticonvulsive O -action O -of O -loreclezole B-Chemical -combined O -with O -clonazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -support O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -protective O -activity O -of O -loreclezole B-Chemical -and O -its O -combinations O -with O -other O -antiepileptics O -may O -involve O -potentiation O -of O -GABAergic O -neurotransmission O -and O -blockade O -of O -L O -- O -type O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -channels O -. O - -aps B-category -Mitochondrial O -DNA O -and O -its O -respiratory O -chain O -products O -are O -defective O -in O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -nephrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Doxorubicin B-Chemical -induces O -a O -self O -- O -perpetuating O -nephropathy O -characterized O -by O -early O -glomerular O -and O -late O -- O -onset O -tubular O -lesions O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -investigated O -the O -potential O -role O -of O -mitochondrial O -injury O -in O -the O -onset O -of O -these O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Rats O -were O -treated O -with O -intravenous O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -week O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -) O -for O -7 O -weeks O -and O -were O -sacrificed O -either O -1 O -week O -( O -' O -short O -- O -term O -' O -) O -or O -30 O -weeks O -( O -' O -long O -- O -term O -' O -) O -following O -the O -last O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Additional O -rats O -received O -a O -single O -dose O -either O -6 O -days O -or O -2 O -h O -prior O -to O -euthanasia O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -rats O -were O -killed O -at O -48 O -weeks O -of O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -Glomerular O -and O -tubular O -injury O -was O -monitored O -and O -correlated O -to O -the O -activity O -or O -expression O -of O -respiratory O -chain O -components O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -we O -quantified O -both O -nuclear O -and O -mitochondrial O -DNA O -( O -mtDNA O -) O -as O -well O -as O -superoxide B-Chemical -production O -and O -the O -4834 O -base O -pair O -' O -common O -' O -mtDNA O -deletion O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -' O -long O -- O -term O -' O -group O -had O -significant O -glomerular O -and O -tubular O -lesions O -, O -depressed O -activities O -of O -mtDNA O -- O -encoded O -NADH O -dehydrogenase O -and O -cytochrome O -- O -c O -oxidase O -( O -COX O -) O -and O -increased O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -expression O -of O -the O -mtDNA O -- O -encoded O -COX O -subunit O -I O -was O -reduced O -and O -mtDNA O -levels O -were O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -' O -short O -- O -term O -' O -rats O -, O -there O -were O -fewer O -tubular O -lesions O -, O -but O -similar O -numbers O -of O -glomerular O -lesions O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -all O -animals O -, O -glomerular O -and O -tubular O -injury O -were O -inversely O -correlated O -with O -mtDNA O -levels O -, O -mtDNA O -- O -encoded O -respiratory O -chain O -activities O -and O -with O -the O -expression O -of O -the O -mtDNA O -- O -encoded O -respiratory O -chain O -subunit O -COX O -- O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -Injury O -was O -positively O -correlated O -with O -superoxide B-Chemical -production O -and O -the O -activities O -of O -nucleus O -- O -encoded O -mitochondrial O -or O -cytoplasmic O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Kidneys O -from O -the O -' O -long O -- O -term O -' O -group O -showed O -more O -mtDNA O -deletions O -than O -in O -' O -short O -- O -term O -' O -animals O -and O -these O -were O -not O -observed O -in O -the O -other O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -These O -results O -suggest O -an O -important O -role O -for O -quantitative O -and O -qualitative O -mtDNA O -alterations O -through O -the O -reduction O -of O -mtDNA O -- O -encoded O -respiratory O -chain O -function O -and O -induction O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -in O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -renal O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -randomized O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -, O -crossover O -study O -of O -ephedrine B-Chemical -for O -SSRI O -- O -induced O -female O -sexual O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -objective O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -whether O -ephedrine B-Chemical -, O -an O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonist O -previously O -shown O -to O -enhance O -genital O -blood O -flow O -in O -women O -, O -has O -beneficial O -effects O -in O -reversing O -antidepressant O -- O -induced O -sexual O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -Nineteen O -sexually O -dysfunctional O -women O -receiving O -either O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -, O -sertraline B-Chemical -, O -or O -paroxetine B-Chemical -participated O -in O -an O -eight O -- O -week O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -, O -cross O -- O -over O -study O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -ephedrine B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -) O -on O -self O -- O -report O -measures O -of O -sexual O -desire O -, O -arousal O -, O -orgasm O -, O -and O -sexual O -satisfaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -there O -were O -significant O -improvements O -relative O -to O -baseline O -in O -sexual O -desire O -and O -orgasm O -intensity O -/ O -pleasure O -on O -50 O -mg O -ephedrine B-Chemical -1 O -- O -hr O -prior O -to O -sexual O -activity O -, O -significant O -improvements O -in O -these O -measures O -, O -as O -well O -as O -in O -sexual O -arousal O -and O -orgasmic O -ability O -also O -were O -noted O -with O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -highlight O -the O -importance O -of O -conducting O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -trials O -for O -this O -condition O -. O - -aps B-category -Does O -hormone O -therapy O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -breast O -cancer O -have O -a O -detrimental O -effect O -on O -memory O -and O -cognition O -? O - -aps B-category -A O -pilot O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -pilot O -study O -examines O -whether O -hormone O -therapy O -for O -breast O -cancer O -affects O -cognition O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -participating O -in O -a O -randomised O -trial O -of O -anastrozole B-Chemical -, O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -alone O -or O -combined O -( O -ATAC O -) O -( O -n O -= O -94 O -) O -and O -a O -group O -of O -women O -without O -breast O -cancer O -( O -n O -= O -35 O -) O -completed O -a O -battery O -of O -neuropsychological O -measures O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -with O -the O -control O -group O -, O -the O -patients O -were O -impaired O -on O -a O -processing O -speed O -task O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -032 O -) O -and O -on O -a O -measure O -of O -immediate O -verbal O -memory O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -026 O -) O -after O -controlling O -for O -the O -use O -of O -hormone O -replacement O -therapy O -in O -both O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Patient O -group O -performance O -was O -not O -significantly O -related O -to O -length O -of O -treatment O -or O -measures O -of O -psychological O -morbidity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -showed O -specific O -impairments O -in O -processing O -speed O -and O -verbal O -memory O -in O -women O -receiving O -hormonal O -therapy O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -breast O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Verbal O -memory O -may O -be O -especially O -sensitive O -to O -changes O -in O -oestrogen B-Chemical -levels O -, O -a O -finding O -commonly O -reported O -in O -studies O -of O -hormone O -replacement O -therapy O -in O -healthy O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -view O -of O -the O -increased O -use O -of O -hormone O -therapies O -in O -an O -adjuvant O -and O -preventative O -setting O -their O -impact O -on O -cognitive O -functioning O -should O -be O -investigated O -more O -thoroughly O -. O - -aps B-category -Expression O -of O -p300 O -protects O -cardiac O -myocytes O -from O -apoptosis O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Doxorubicin B-Chemical -is O -an O -anti O -- O -tumor O -agent O -that O -represses O -cardiac O -- O -specific O -gene O -expression O -and O -induces O -myocardial O -cell O -apoptosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Doxorubicin B-Chemical -depletes O -cardiac O -p300 O -, O -a O -transcriptional O -coactivator O -that O -is O -required O -for O -the O -maintenance O -of O -the O -differentiated O -phenotype O -of O -cardiac O -myocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -role O -of O -p300 O -in O -protection O -against O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -apoptosis O -is O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -Transgenic O -mice O -overexpressing O -p300 O -in O -the O -heart O -and O -wild O -- O -type O -mice O -were O -subjected O -to O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -with O -wild O -- O -type O -mice O -, O -transgenic O -mice O -exhibited O -higher O -survival O -rate O -as O -well O -as O -more O -preserved O -left O -ventricular O -function O -and O -cardiac O -expression O -of O -alpha O -- O -sarcomeric O -actin O -. O - -aps B-category -Doxorubicin B-Chemical -induced O -myocardial O -cell O -apoptosis O -in O -wild O -- O -type O -mice O -but O -not O -in O -transgenic O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Expression O -of O -p300 O -increased O -the O -cardiac O -level O -of O -bcl O -- O -2 O -and O -mdm O -- O -2 O -, O -but O -not O -that O -of O -p53 O -or O -other O -members O -of O -the O -bcl O -- O -2 O -family O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -demonstrate O -that O -overexpression O -of O -p300 O -protects O -cardiac O -myocytes O -from O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -apoptosis O -and O -reduces O -the O -extent O -of O -acute O -heart O -failure O -in O -adult O -mice O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Methimazole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cholestatic O -jaundice O -. O - -aps B-category -Methimazole B-Chemical -is O -a O -widely O -used O -and O -generally O -well O -- O -tolerated O -antithyroid O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -43 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -had O -severe O -jaundice O -and O -itching O -1 O -month O -after O -receiving O -methimazole B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -tid O -) O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -20 O -mg O -tid O -) O -for O -treatment O -of O -hyperthyroidism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -continued O -treatment O -for O -another O -4 O -days O -after O -the O -appearance O -of O -jaundice O -until O -she O -finished O -both O -medications O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -seen O -at O -the O -emergency O -department O -2 O -weeks O -later O -, O -she O -still O -had O -severe O -icterus O -, O -pruritus O -, O -and O -hyperbilirubinemia O -, O -formed O -mainly O -of O -the O -conjugated O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -Methimazole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cholestasis O -was O -diagnosed O -, O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -therapy O -was O -resumed O -. O - -aps B-category -Over O -the O -following O -9 O -days O -, O -the O -symptoms O -improved O -and O -plasma O -bilirubin B-Chemical -levels O -were O -normal O -after O -12 O -weeks O -without O -methimazole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rare O -cases O -within O -the O -first O -few O -weeks O -of O -therapy O -, O -this O -drug O -can O -cause O -severe O -and O -reversible O -cholestatic O -jaundice O -. O - -aps B-category -Physicians O -and O -patients O -should O -be O -aware O -of O -this O -adverse O -effect O -so O -that O -, O -upon O -occurrence O -, O -they O -can O -discontinue O -methimazole B-Chemical -therapy O -and O -avoid O -unnecessary O -invasive O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -Atrial O -fibrillation O -following O -chemotherapy O -for O -stage O -IIIE O -diffuse O -large O -B O -- O -cell O -gastric O -lymphoma O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -myotonic O -dystrophy O -( O -Steinert O -' O -s O -disease O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -describe O -the O -unusual O -association O -between O -diffuse O -B O -- O -cell O -gastric O -lymphoma O -and O -myotonic O -dystrophy O -, O -the O -most O -common O -form O -of O -adult O -muscular O -dystrophy O -, O -and O -sudden O -atrial O -fibrillation O -following O -one O -cycle O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -based O -chemotherapy O -in O -the O -same O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Atrial O -fibrillation O -or O -other O -cardiac O -arrhythmias O -are O -unusual O -complications O -in O -patients O -treated O -with O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cardiac O -toxicity O -intrinsically O -associated O -with O -the O -aggressive O -chemotherapy O -employed O -could O -function O -as O -a O -triggering O -factor O -for O -the O -arrhythmia O -in O -the O -predisposed O -myocardium O -of O -this O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypersensitivity O -immune O -reaction O -as O -a O -mechanism O -for O -dilevalol B-Chemical -- O -associated O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -assess O -lymphocyte O -reactivity O -to O -dilevalol B-Chemical -and O -to O -serum O -containing O -putative O -ex O -vivo O -dilevalol B-Chemical -antigens O -or O -metabolites O -in O -a O -case O -of O -dilevalol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -liver O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENT O -: O -A O -58 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -a O -clinical O -diagnosis O -of O -dilevalol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -liver O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Peripheral O -blood O -mononuclear O -cells O -collected O -from O -the O -patient O -were O -cultured O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -solution O -of O -dilevalol B-Chemical -and O -also O -with O -sera O -collected O -from O -a O -volunteer O -before O -and O -after O -dilevalol B-Chemical -intake O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -protocol O -was O -performed O -with O -lymphocytes O -from O -a O -healthy O -subject O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -No O -lymphocyte O -proliferation O -was O -observed O -either O -in O -the O -patient O -or O -in O -the O -healthy O -volunteer O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -dilevalol B-Chemical -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -proliferative O -response O -to O -serum O -collected O -after O -dilevalol B-Chemical -intake O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -case O -of O -the O -patient O -compared O -with O -the O -proliferative O -response O -to O -the O -serum O -collected O -before O -the O -drug O -intake O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -reactivity O -was O -found O -when O -lymphocytes O -from O -the O -healthy O -subject O -were O -tested O -under O -similar O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -methodology O -used O -allowed O -the O -detection O -of O -lymphocyte O -sensitization O -to O -sera O -containing O -ex O -vivo O -- O -prepared O -dilevalol B-Chemical -antigens O -, O -suggesting O -the O -involvement O -of O -an O -immunologic O -mechanism O -in O -dilevalol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -liver O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -expression O -and O -apical O -targeting O -of O -renal O -ENaC O -subunits O -in O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Nephrotic O -syndrome O -is O -often O -accompanied O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -retention O -and O -generalized O -edema O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -molecular O -basis O -for O -the O -decreased O -renal O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -remains O -undefined O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -hypothesized O -that O -epithelial O -Na B-Chemical -channel O -( O -ENaC O -) O -subunit O -dysregulation O -may O -be O -responsible O -for O -the O -increased O -sodium B-Chemical -retention O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -experimental O -group O -of O -rats O -was O -treated O -with O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -( O -PAN B-Chemical -; O -180 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -iv O -) O -, O -whereas O -the O -control O -group O -received O -only O -vehicle O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -7 O -days O -, O -PAN B-Chemical -treatment O -induced O -significant O -proteinuria O -, O -hypoalbuminemia O -, O -decreased O -urinary O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -, O -and O -extensive O -ascites O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protein O -abundance O -of O -alpha O -- O -ENaC O -and O -beta O -- O -ENaC O -was O -increased O -in O -the O -inner O -stripe O -of O -the O -outer O -medulla O -( O -ISOM O -) O -and O -in O -the O -inner O -medulla O -( O -IM O -) O -but O -was O -not O -altered O -in O -the O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -gamma O -- O -ENaC O -abundance O -was O -increased O -in O -the O -cortex O -, O -ISOM O -, O -and O -IM O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunoperoxidase O -brightfield O -- O -and O -laser O -- O -scanning O -confocal O -fluorescence O -microscopy O -demonstrated O -increased O -targeting O -of O -alpha O -- O -ENaC O -, O -beta O -- O -ENaC O -, O -and O -gamma O -- O -ENaC O -subunits O -to O -the O -apical O -plasma O -membrane O -in O -the O -distal O -convoluted O -tubule O -( O -DCT2 O -) O -, O -connecting O -tubule O -, O -and O -cortical O -and O -medullary O -collecting O -duct O -segments O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunoelectron O -microscopy O -further O -revealed O -an O -increased O -labeling O -of O -alpha O -- O -ENaC O -in O -the O -apical O -plasma O -membrane O -of O -cortical O -collecting O -duct O -principal O -cells O -of O -PAN B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -, O -indicating O -enhanced O -apical O -targeting O -of O -alpha O -- O -ENaC O -subunits O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -the O -protein O -abundances O -of O -Na B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -/ O -H B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -exchanger O -type O -3 O -( O -NHE3 O -) O -, O -Na B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -- O -K B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -- O -2Cl B-Chemical -( O -- O -) O -cotransporter O -( O -BSC O -- O -1 O -) O -, O -and O -thiazide B-Chemical -- O -sensitive O -Na B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -- O -Cl B-Chemical -( O -- O -) O -cotransporter O -( O -TSC O -) O -were O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -the O -abundance O -of O -the O -alpha O -( O -1 O -) O -- O -subunit O -of O -the O -Na B-Chemical -- O -K B-Chemical -- O -ATPase O -was O -decreased O -in O -the O -cortex O -and O -ISOM O -, O -but O -it O -remained O -unchanged O -in O -the O -IM O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -the O -increased O -or O -sustained O -expression O -of O -ENaC O -subunits O -combined O -with O -increased O -apical O -targeting O -in O -the O -DCT2 O -, O -connecting O -tubule O -, O -and O -collecting O -duct O -are O -likely O -to O -play O -a O -role O -in O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -retention O -associated O -with O -PAN B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decreased O -abundance O -of O -NHE3 O -, O -BSC O -- O -1 O -, O -TSC O -, O -and O -Na B-Chemical -- O -K B-Chemical -- O -ATPase O -may O -play O -a O -compensatory O -role O -to O -promote O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Pallidal O -stimulation O -: O -an O -alternative O -to O -pallidotomy O -? O - -aps B-category -A O -resurgence O -of O -interest O -in O -the O -surgical O -treatment O -of O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -( O -PD O -) O -came O -with O -the O -rediscovery O -of O -posteroventral O -pallidotomy O -by O -Laitinen O -in O -1985 O -. O - -aps B-category -Laitinen O -' O -s O -procedure O -improved O -most O -symptoms O -in O -drug O -- O -resistant O -PD O -, O -which O -engendered O -wide O -interest O -in O -the O -neurosurgical O -community O -. O - -aps B-category -Another O -lesioning O -procedure O -, O -ventrolateral O -thalamotomy O -, O -has O -become O -a O -powerful O -alternative O -to O -stimulate O -the O -nucleus O -ventralis O -intermedius O -, O -producing O -high O -long O -- O -term O -success O -rates O -and O -low O -morbidity O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -Pallidal O -stimulation O -has O -not O -met O -with O -the O -same O -success O -. O - -aps B-category -According O -to O -the O -literature O -pallidotomy O -improves O -the O -" O -on O -" O -symptoms O -of O -PD O -, O -such O -as O -dyskinesias O -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -" O -off O -" O -symptoms O -, O -such O -as O -rigidity O -, O -bradykinesia O -, O -and O -on O -- O -off O -fluctuations O -. O - -aps B-category -Pallidal O -stimulation O -improves O -bradykinesia O -and O -rigidity O -to O -a O -minor O -extent O -; O -however O -, O -its O -strength O -seems O -to O -be O -in O -improving O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -often O -produces O -an O -improvement O -in O -the O -hyper O -- O -or O -dyskinetic O -upper O -limbs O -, O -but O -increases O -the O -" O -freezing O -" O -phenomenon O -in O -the O -lower O -limbs O -at O -the O -same O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Considering O -the O -small O -increase O -in O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -independence O -, O -the O -high O -costs O -of O -bilateral O -implants O -, O -and O -the O -difficulty O -most O -patients O -experience O -in O -handling O -the O -devices O -, O -the O -question O -arises O -as O -to O -whether O -bilateral O -pallidal O -stimulation O -is O -a O -real O -alternative O -to O -pallidotomy O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -the O -cyclooxygenase O -- O -2 O -specific O -inhibitor O -valdecoxib B-Chemical -versus O -nonsteroidal O -antiinflammatory O -agents O -and O -placebo O -on O -cardiovascular O -thrombotic O -events O -in O -patients O -with O -arthritis O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -have O -been O -concerns O -that O -the O -risk O -of O -cardiovascular O -thrombotic O -events O -may O -be O -higher O -with O -cyclooxygenase O -( O -COX O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -specific O -inhibitors O -than O -nonselective O -nonsteroidal O -antiinflammatory O -drugs O -( O -NSAIDs O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -evaluated O -cardiovascular O -event O -data O -for O -valdecoxib B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -COX O -- O -2 O -- O -specific O -inhibitor O -in O -approximately O -8000 O -patients O -with O -osteoarthritis O -and O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -treated O -with O -this O -agent O -in O -randomized O -clinical O -trials O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -cardiovascular O -thrombotic O -events O -( O -cardiac O -, O -cerebrovascular O -and O -peripheral O -vascular O -, O -or O -arterial O -thrombotic O -) O -was O -determined O -by O -analyzing O -pooled O -valdecoxib B-Chemical -( O -10 O -- O -80 O -mg O -daily O -) O -, O -nonselective O -NSAID O -( O -diclofenac B-Chemical -75 O -mg O -bid O -, O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -800 O -mg O -tid O -, O -or O -naproxen B-Chemical -500 O -mg O -bid O -) O -and O -placebo O -data O -from O -10 O -randomized O -osteoarthritis O -and O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -trials O -that O -were O -6 O -- O -52 O -weeks O -in O -duration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -rates O -of O -events O -were O -determined O -in O -all O -patients O -( O -n O -= O -7934 O -) O -and O -in O -users O -of O -low O -- O -dose O -( O -< O -or O -= O -325 O -mg O -daily O -) O -aspirin B-Chemical -( O -n O -= O -1051 O -) O -and O -nonusers O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -( O -n O -= O -6883 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Crude O -and O -exposure O -- O -adjusted O -incidences O -of O -thrombotic O -events O -were O -similar O -for O -valdecoxib B-Chemical -, O -NSAIDs O -, O -and O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -risk O -of O -serious O -thrombotic O -events O -was O -also O -similar O -for O -each O -valdecoxib B-Chemical -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Thrombotic O -risk O -was O -consistently O -higher O -for O -users O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -users O -than O -nonusers O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -( O -placebo O -, O -1 O -. O -4 O -% O -vs O -. O -0 O -% O -; O -valdecoxib B-Chemical -, O -1 O -. O -7 O -% O -vs O -. O -0 O -. O -2 O -% O -; O -NSAIDs O -, O -1 O -. O -9 O -% O -vs O -. O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rates O -of O -events O -in O -users O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -were O -similar O -for O -all O -3 O -treatment O -groups O -and O -across O -valdecoxib B-Chemical -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Short O -- O -and O -intermediate O -- O -term O -treatment O -with O -therapeutic O -( O -10 O -or O -20 O -mg O -daily O -) O -and O -supratherapeutic O -( O -40 O -or O -80 O -mg O -daily O -) O -valdecoxib B-Chemical -doses O -was O -not O -associated O -with O -an O -increased O -incidence O -of O -thrombotic O -events O -relative O -to O -nonselective O -NSAIDs O -or O -placebo O -in O -osteoarthritis O -and O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -patients O -in O -controlled O -clinical O -trials O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypersensitivity O -myocarditis O -complicating O -hypertrophic O -cardiomyopathy O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -report O -describes O -a O -case O -of O -eosinophilic O -myocarditis O -complicating O -hypertrophic O -cardiomyopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -47 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -female O -patient O -, O -known O -to O -have O -hypertrophic O -cardiomyopathy O -, O -was O -admitted O -with O -biventricular O -failure O -and O -managed O -aggressively O -with O -dobutamine B-Chemical -infusion O -and O -other O -drugs O -while O -being O -assessed O -for O -heart O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -transthoracic O -echocardiogram O -, O -she O -had O -moderate O -left O -ventricular O -dysfunction O -with O -regional O -variability O -and O -moderate O -mitral O -regurgitation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -recipient O -' O -s O -heart O -showed O -the O -features O -of O -apical O -hypertrophic O -cardiomyopathy O -and O -myocarditis O -with O -abundant O -eosinophils O -. O - -aps B-category -Myocarditis O -is O -rare O -and O -eosinophilic O -myocarditis O -is O -rarer O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -likely O -that O -the O -hypersensitivity O -( O -eosinophilic O -) O -myocarditis O -was O -related O -to O -dobutamine B-Chemical -infusion O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Eosinophilic O -myocarditis O -has O -been O -reported O -with O -an O -incidence O -of O -2 O -. O -4 O -% O -to O -7 O -. O -2 O -% O -in O -explanted O -hearts O -and O -may O -be O -related O -to O -multidrug O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Time O -trends O -in O -warfarin B-Chemical -- O -associated O -hemorrhage O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -annual O -incidence O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -- O -related O -bleeding O -at O -Brigham O -and O -Women O -' O -s O -Hospital O -increased O -from O -0 O -. O -97 O -/ O -1 O -, O -000 O -patient O -admissions O -in O -the O -first O -time O -period O -( O -January O -1995 O -to O -October O -1998 O -) O -to O -1 O -. O -19 O -/ O -1 O -, O -000 O -patient O -admissions O -in O -the O -second O -time O -period O -( O -November O -1998 O -to O -August O -2002 O -) O -of O -this O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proportion O -of O -patients O -with O -major O -and O -intracranial O -bleeding O -increased O -from O -20 O -. O -2 O -% O -and O -1 O -. O -9 O -% O -, O -respectively O -, O -in O -the O -first O -time O -period O -, O -to O -33 O -. O -3 O -% O -and O -7 O -. O -8 O -% O -, O -respectively O -, O -in O -the O -second O -. O - -aps B-category -Yohimbine B-Chemical -treatment O -of O -sexual O -side O -effects O -induced O -by O -serotonin B-Chemical -reuptake O -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Preclinical O -and O -clinical O -studies O -suggest O -that O -yohimbine B-Chemical -facilitates O -sexual O -behavior O -and O -may O -be O -helpful O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -male O -impotence O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -case O -report O -suggests O -that O -yohimbine B-Chemical -may O -be O -used O -to O -treat O -the O -sexual O -side O -effects O -of O -clomipramine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -evaluated O -yohimbine B-Chemical -as O -a O -treatment O -for O -the O -sexual O -side O -effects O -caused O -by O -serotonin B-Chemical -reuptake O -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -Six O -patients O -with O -either O -obsessive O -compulsive O -disorder O -, O -trichotillomania O -, O -anxiety O -, O -or O -affective O -disorders O -who O -suffered O -sexual O -side O -effects O -after O -treatment O -with O -serotonin B-Chemical -reuptake O -blockers O -were O -given O -yohimbine B-Chemical -on O -a O -p O -. O -r O -. O -n O -. O -basis O -in O -an O -open O -clinical O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -doses O -of O -yohimbine B-Chemical -were O -used O -to O -determine O -the O -ideal O -dose O -for O -each O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Five O -of O -the O -six O -patients O -experienced O -improved O -sexual O -functioning O -after O -taking O -yohimbine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -One O -patient O -who O -failed O -to O -comply O -with O -yohimbine B-Chemical -treatment O -had O -no O -therapeutic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Side O -effects O -of O -yohimbine B-Chemical -included O -excessive O -sweating O -, O -increased O -anxiety O -, O -and O -a O -wound O -- O -up O -feeling O -in O -some O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -The O -results O -of O -this O -study O -indicate O -that O -yohimbine B-Chemical -may O -be O -an O -effective O -treatment O -for O -the O -sexual O -side O -effects O -caused O -by O -serotonin B-Chemical -reuptake O -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -Future O -controlled O -studies O -are O -needed O -to O -further O -investigate O -the O -effectiveness O -and O -safety O -of O -yohimbine B-Chemical -for O -this O -indication O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -complicating O -bone O -marrow O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -is O -a O -potentially O -serious O -complication O -of O -high O -- O -dose O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -therapy O -administered O -before O -bone O -marrow O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -standard O -practice O -at O -our O -institution O -, O -patients O -who O -are O -scheduled O -to O -receive O -a O -bone O -marrow O -transplant O -are O -treated O -prophylactically O -with O -forced O -hydration O -and O -bladder O -irrigation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -an O -attempt O -to O -obviate O -the O -inconvenience O -of O -bladder O -irrigation O -, O -we O -conducted O -a O -feasibility O -trial O -of O -uroprophylaxis O -with O -mesna B-Chemical -, O -which O -neutralizes O -the O -hepatic O -metabolite O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -that O -causes O -hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -97 O -patients O -who O -received O -standard O -prophylaxis O -, O -4 O -had O -symptomatic O -hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -two O -of O -four O -consecutive O -patients O -who O -received O -mesna B-Chemical -uroprophylaxis O -before O -allogeneic O -bone O -marrow O -transplantation O -had O -severe O -hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -for O -at O -least O -2 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -this O -suboptimal O -result O -, O -we O -resumed O -the O -use O -of O -bladder O -irrigation O -and O -forced O -hydration O -to O -minimize O -the O -risk O -of O -hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Consensus O -statement O -concerning O -cardiotoxicity O -occurring O -during O -haematopoietic O -stem O -cell O -transplantation O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -autoimmune O -diseases O -, O -with O -special O -reference O -to O -systemic O -sclerosis O -and O -multiple O -sclerosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Autologous O -haematopoietic O -stem O -cell O -transplantation O -is O -now O -a O -feasible O -and O -effective O -treatment O -for O -selected O -patients O -with O -severe O -autoimmune O -diseases O -. O - -aps B-category -Worldwide O -, O -over O -650 O -patients O -have O -been O -transplanted O -in O -the O -context O -of O -phase O -I O -and O -II O -clinical O -trials O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -are O -encouraging O -enough O -to O -begin O -randomised O -phase O -III O -trials O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -as O -predicted O -, O -significant O -transplant O -- O -related O -morbidity O -and O -mortality O -have O -been O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -primarily O -due O -to O -complications O -related O -to O -either O -the O -stage O -of O -the O -disease O -at O -transplant O -or O -due O -to O -infections O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -deaths O -related O -to O -cardiac O -toxicity O -is O -low O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -caution O -is O -required O -when O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -or O -anthracyclines B-Chemical -such O -as O -mitoxantrone B-Chemical -are O -used O -in O -patients O -with O -a O -possible O -underlying O -heart O -damage O -, O -for O -example O -, O -systemic O -sclerosis O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -November O -2002 O -, O -a O -meeting O -was O -held O -in O -Florence O -, O -bringing O -together O -a O -number O -of O -experts O -in O -various O -fields O -, O -including O -rheumatology O -, O -cardiology O -, O -neurology O -, O -pharmacology O -and O -transplantation O -medicine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -object O -of O -the O -meeting O -was O -to O -analyse O -existing O -data O -, O -both O -published O -or O -available O -, O -in O -the O -European O -Group O -for O -Blood O -and O -Marrow O -Transplantation O -autoimmune O -disease O -database O -, O -and O -to O -propose O -a O -safe O -approach O -to O -such O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -full O -cardiological O -assessment O -before O -and O -during O -the O -transplant O -emerged O -as O -the O -major O -recommendation O -. O - -aps B-category -Does O -supplemental O -vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -increase O -cardiovascular O -disease O -risk O -in O -women O -with O -diabetes O -? O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -acts O -as O -a O -potent O -antioxidant O -; O -however O -, O -it O -can O -also O -be O -a O -prooxidant O -and O -glycate O -protein O -under O -certain O -circumstances O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -led O -us O -to O -hypothesize O -that O -a O -high O -intake O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -in O -diabetic O -persons O -might O -promote O -atherosclerosis O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -The O -objective O -was O -to O -examine O -the O -relation O -between O -vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -intake O -and O -mortality O -from O -cardiovascular O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -We O -studied O -the O -relation O -between O -vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -intake O -and O -mortality O -from O -total O -cardiovascular O -disease O -( O -n O -= O -281 O -) O -, O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -( O -n O -= O -175 O -) O -, O -and O -stroke O -( O -n O -= O -57 O -) O -in O -1923 O -postmenopausal O -women O -who O -reported O -being O -diabetic O -at O -baseline O -. O - -aps B-category -Diet O -was O -assessed O -with O -a O -food O -- O -frequency O -questionnaire O -at O -baseline O -, O -and O -subjects O -initially O -free O -of O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -were O -prospectively O -followed O -for O -15 O -y O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -After O -adjustment O -for O -cardiovascular O -disease O -risk O -factors O -, O -type O -of O -diabetes O -medication O -used O -, O -duration O -of O -diabetes O -, O -and O -intakes O -of O -folate B-Chemical -, O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -, O -and O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carotene I-Chemical -, O -the O -adjusted O -relative O -risks O -of O -total O -cardiovascular O -disease O -mortality O -were O -1 O -. O -0 O -, O -0 O -. O -97 O -, O -1 O -. O -11 O -, O -1 O -. O -47 O -, O -and O -1 O -. O -84 O -( O -P O -for O -trend O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -across O -quintiles O -of O -total O -vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -intake O -from O -food O -and O -supplements O -. O - -aps B-category -Adjusted O -relative O -risks O -of O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -were O -1 O -. O -0 O -, O -0 O -. O -81 O -, O -0 O -. O -99 O -, O -1 O -. O -26 O -, O -and O -1 O -. O -91 O -( O -P O -for O -trend O -= O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -and O -of O -stroke O -were O -1 O -. O -0 O -, O -0 O -. O -52 O -, O -1 O -. O -23 O -, O -2 O -. O -22 O -, O -and O -2 O -. O -57 O -( O -P O -for O -trend O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -dietary O -and O -supplemental O -vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -were O -analyzed O -separately O -, O -only O -supplemental O -vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -showed O -a O -positive O -association O -with O -mortality O -endpoints O -. O - -aps B-category -Vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -intake O -was O -unrelated O -to O -mortality O -from O -cardiovascular O -disease O -in O -the O -nondiabetic O -subjects O -at O -baseline O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -A O -high O -vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -intake O -from O -supplements O -is O -associated O -with O -an O -increased O -risk O -of O -cardiovascular O -disease O -mortality O -in O -postmenopausal O -women O -with O -diabetes O -. O - -aps B-category -Optical O -coherence O -tomography O -can O -measure O -axonal O -loss O -in O -patients O -with O -ethambutol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -optic O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -To O -map O -and O -identify O -the O -pattern O -, O -in O -vivo O -, O -of O -axonal O -degeneration O -in O -ethambutol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -optic O -neuropathy O -using O -optical O -coherence O -tomography O -( O -OCT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethambutol B-Chemical -is O -an O -antimycobacterial O -agent O -often O -used O -to O -treat O -tuberculosis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -serious O -complication O -of O -ethambutol B-Chemical -is O -an O -optic O -neuropathy O -that O -impairs O -visual O -acuity O -, O -contrast O -sensitivity O -, O -and O -color O -vision O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -early O -on O -, O -when O -the O -toxic O -optic O -neuropathy O -is O -mild O -and O -partly O -reversible O -, O -the O -funduscopic O -findings O -are O -often O -subtle O -and O -easy O -to O -miss O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Three O -subjects O -with O -a O -history O -of O -ethambutol B-Chemical -( O -EMB B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -optic O -neuropathy O -of O -short O -- O -, O -intermediate O -- O -, O -and O -long O -- O -term O -visual O -deficits O -were O -administered O -a O -full O -neuro O -- O -ophthalmologic O -examination O -including O -visual O -acuity O -, O -color O -vision O -, O -contrast O -sensitivity O -, O -and O -fundus O -examination O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -OCT O -( O -OCT O -3000 O -, O -Humphrey O -- O -Zeiss O -, O -Dublin O -, O -CA O -) O -was O -performed O -on O -both O -eyes O -of O -each O -subject O -using O -the O -retinal O -nerve O -fiber O -layer O -( O -RNFL O -) O -analysis O -protocol O -. O - -aps B-category -OCT O -interpolates O -data O -from O -100 O -points O -around O -the O -optic O -nerve O -to O -effectively O -map O -out O -the O -RNFL O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -results O -were O -compared O -to O -the O -calculated O -average O -RNFL O -of O -normal O -eyes O -accumulated O -from O -four O -prior O -studies O -using O -OCT O -, O -n O -= O -661 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -subjects O -with O -history O -of O -EMB B-Chemical -- O -induced O -optic O -neuropathy O -, O -there O -was O -a O -mean O -loss O -of O -72 O -% O -nerve O -fiber O -layer O -thickness O -in O -the O -temporal O -quadrant O -( O -patient O -A O -, O -with O -eventual O -recovery O -of O -visual O -acuity O -and O -fields O -, O -58 O -% O -loss O -; O -patient O -B O -, O -with O -intermediate O -visual O -deficits O -, O -68 O -% O -loss O -; O -patient O -C O -, O -with O -chronic O -visual O -deficits O -, O -90 O -% O -loss O -) O -, O -with O -an O -average O -mean O -optic O -nerve O -thickness O -of O -26 O -+ O -/ O -- O -16 O -microm O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -combined O -mean O -loss O -of O -46 O -% O -of O -fibers O -from O -the O -superior O -, O -inferior O -, O -and O -nasal O -quadrants O -in O -the O -( O -six O -) O -eyes O -of O -all O -three O -subjects O -( O -mean O -average O -thickness O -of O -55 O -+ O -/ O -- O -29 O -microm O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -sets O -( O -four O -) O -of O -eyes O -of O -the O -subjects O -with O -persistent O -visual O -deficits O -( O -patients O -B O -and O -C O -) O -, O -there O -was O -an O -average O -loss O -of O -79 O -% O -of O -nerve O -fiber O -thickness O -in O -the O -temporal O -quadrant O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -OCT O -results O -in O -these O -patients O -with O -EMB B-Chemical -- O -induced O -optic O -neuropathy O -show O -considerable O -loss O -especially O -of O -the O -temporal O -fibers O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -consistent O -with O -prior O -histopathological O -studies O -that O -show O -predominant O -loss O -of O -parvo O -- O -cellular O -axons O -( O -or O -small O -- O -caliber O -axons O -) O -within O -the O -papillo O -- O -macular O -bundle O -in O -toxic O -or O -hereditary O -optic O -neuropathies O -. O - -aps B-category -OCT O -can O -be O -a O -valuable O -tool O -in O -the O -quantitative O -analysis O -of O -optic O -neuropathies O -. O - -aps B-category -Additionally O -, O -in O -terms O -of O -management O -of O -EMB B-Chemical -- O -induced O -optic O -neuropathy O -, O -it O -is O -important O -to O -properly O -manage O -ethambutol B-Chemical -dosing O -in O -patients O -with O -renal O -impairment O -and O -to O -achieve O -proper O -transition O -to O -a O -maintenance O -dose O -once O -an O -appropriate O -loading O -dose O -has O -been O -reached O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypoxia O -in O -renal O -disease O -with O -proteinuria O -and O -/ O -or O -glomerular O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -the O -increasing O -need O -to O -identify O -and O -quantify O -tissue O -oxygenation O -at O -the O -cellular O -level O -, O -relatively O -few O -methods O -have O -been O -available O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -we O -developed O -a O -new O -hypoxia O -- O -responsive O -reporter O -vector O -using O -a O -hypoxia O -- O -responsive O -element O -of O -the O -5 O -' O -vascular O -endothelial O -growth O -factor O -untranslated O -region O -and O -generated O -a O -novel O -hypoxia O -- O -sensing O -transgenic O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -then O -applied O -this O -animal O -model O -to O -the O -detection O -of O -tubulointerstitial O -hypoxia O -in O -the O -diseased O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -this O -model O -, O -we O -were O -able O -to O -identify O -diffuse O -cortical O -hypoxia O -in O -the O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -and O -focal O -and O -segmental O -hypoxia O -in O -the O -remnant O -kidney O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Expression O -of O -the O -hypoxia O -- O -responsive O -transgene O -increased O -throughout O -the O -observation O -period O -, O -reaching O -2 O -. O -2 O -- O -fold O -at O -2 O -weeks O -in O -the O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -model O -and O -2 O -. O -6 O -- O -fold O -at O -4 O -weeks O -in O -the O -remnant O -kidney O -model O -, O -whereas O -that O -of O -vascular O -endothelial O -growth O -factor O -showed O -a O -mild O -decrease O -, O -reflecting O -distinct O -behaviors O -of O -the O -two O -genes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degree O -of O -hypoxia O -showed O -a O -positive O -correlation O -with O -microscopic O -tubulointerstitial O -injury O -in O -both O -models O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -we O -identified O -the O -localization O -of O -proliferating O -cell O -nuclear O -antigen O -- O -positive O -, O -ED O -- O -1 O -- O -positive O -, O -and O -terminal O -dUTP O -nick O -- O -end O -labeled O -- O -positive O -cells O -in O -the O -hypoxic O -cortical O -area O -in O -the O -remnant O -kidney O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -propose O -here O -a O -possible O -pathological O -tie O -between O -chronic O -tubulointerstitial O -hypoxia O -and O -progressive O -glomerular O -diseases O -. O - -aps B-category -Adequate O -timing O -of O -ribavirin B-Chemical -reduction O -in O -patients O -with O -hemolysis O -during O -combination O -therapy O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -and O -ribavirin B-Chemical -for O -chronic O -hepatitis O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Hemolytic O -anemia O -is O -one O -of O -the O -major O -adverse O -events O -of O -the O -combination O -therapy O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -and O -ribavirin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -ribavirin B-Chemical -- O -related O -hemolytic O -anemia O -, O -dose O -reduction O -is O -a O -common O -event O -in O -this O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -clinical O -retrospective O -cohort O -study O -we O -have O -examined O -the O -suitable O -timing O -of O -ribavirin B-Chemical -reduction O -in O -patients O -with O -hemolysis O -during O -combination O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Thirty O -- O -seven O -of O -160 O -patients O -who O -had O -HCV O -- O -genotype O -1b O -, O -had O -high O -virus O -load O -, O -and O -received O -24 O -- O -week O -combination O -therapy O -developed O -anemia O -with O -hemoglobin O -level O -< O -10 O -g O -/ O -dl O -or O -anemia O -- O -related O -signs O -during O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -that O -, O -these O -37 O -patients O -were O -reduced O -one O -tablet O -of O -ribavirin B-Chemical -( O -200 O -mg O -) O -per O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -reduction O -of O -ribavirin B-Chemical -, O -27 O -of O -37 O -patients O -could O -continue O -combination O -therapy O -for O -a O -total O -of O -24 O -weeks O -( O -group O -A O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -10 O -of O -37 O -patients O -with O -reduction O -of O -ribavirin B-Chemical -could O -not O -continue O -combination O -therapy O -because O -their O -< O -8 O -. O -5 O -g O -/ O -dl O -hemoglobin O -values O -decreased O -to O -or O -anemia O -- O -related O -severe O -side O -effects O -occurred O -( O -group O -B O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -assessed O -the O -final O -efficacy O -and O -safety O -after O -reduction O -of O -ribavirin B-Chemical -in O -groups O -A O -and O -B O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -A O -sustained O -virological O -response O -( O -SVR O -) O -was O -29 O -. O -6 O -% O -( O -8 O -/ O -27 O -) O -in O -group O -A O -and O -10 O -% O -( O -1 O -/ O -10 O -) O -in O -group O -B O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -34 O -. O -4 O -% O -( O -12 O -/ O -27 O -) O -of O -SVR O -+ O -biological O -response O -in O -group O -A O -was O -higher O -than O -10 O -% O -( O -1 O -/ O -10 O -) O -in O -group O -B O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -051 O -) O -, O -with O -slight O -significance O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -respect O -to O -hemoglobin O -level O -at O -the O -time O -of O -ribavirin B-Chemical -reduction O -, O -a O -rate O -of O -continuation O -of O -therapy O -in O -patients O -with O -> O -or O -= O -10 O -g O -/ O -dl O -hemoglobin O -was O -higher O -than O -that O -in O -patients O -with O -< O -10 O -g O -/ O -dl O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -036 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Reduction O -of O -ribavirin B-Chemical -at O -hemoglobin O -level O -> O -or O -= O -10 O -g O -/ O -dl O -is O -suitable O -in O -terms O -of O -efficacy O -and O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Aging O -process O -of O -epithelial O -cells O -of O -the O -rat O -prostate O -lateral O -lobe O -in O -experimental O -hyperprolactinemia O -induced O -by O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -the O -study O -was O -to O -examine O -the O -influence O -of O -hyperprolactinemia O -, O -induced O -by O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -HAL B-Chemical -) O -on O -age O -related O -morphology O -and O -function O -changes O -of O -epithelial O -cells O -in O -rat O -prostate O -lateral O -lobe O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -was O -performed O -on O -sexually O -mature O -male O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -concentrations O -of O -prolactin O -( O -PRL B-Chemical -) O -and O -testosterone B-Chemical -( O -T B-Chemical -) O -were O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Tissue O -sections O -were O -evaluated O -with O -light O -and O -electron O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunohistochemical O -reactions O -for O -Anti O -- O -Proliferating O -Cell O -Nuclear O -Antigen O -( O -PCNA O -) O -were O -performed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rats O -of O -the O -experimental O -group O -, O -the O -mean O -concentration O -of O -: O -PRL B-Chemical -was O -more O -than O -twice O -higher O -, O -whereas O -T B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -almost O -twice O -lower O -than O -that O -in O -the O -control O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Light O -microscopy O -visualized O -the O -following O -: O -hypertrophy O -and O -epithelium O -hyperplasia O -of O -the O -glandular O -ducts O -, O -associated O -with O -increased O -PCNA O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -Electron O -microscopy O -revealed O -changes O -in O -columnar O -epithelial O -cells O -, O -concerning O -organelles O -, O -engaged O -in O -protein O -synthesis O -and O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Relation O -of O -perfusion O -defects O -observed O -with O -myocardial O -contrast O -echocardiography O -to O -the O -severity O -of O -coronary O -stenosis O -: O -correlation O -with O -thallium B-Chemical -- O -201 O -single O -- O -photon O -emission O -tomography O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -previously O -shown O -that O -myocardial O -contrast O -echocardiography O -is O -a O -valuable O -technique O -for O -delineating O -regions O -of O -myocardial O -underperfusion O -secondary O -to O -coronary O -occlusion O -and O -to O -critical O -coronary O -stenoses O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -hyperemic O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -whether O -myocardial O -contrast O -echocardiography O -performed O -with O -a O -stable O -solution O -of O -sonicated O -albumin O -could O -detect O -regions O -of O -myocardial O -underperfusion O -resulting O -from O -various O -degrees O -of O -coronary O -stenosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -perfusion O -defect O -produced O -in O -16 O -open O -chest O -dogs O -was O -compared O -with O -the O -anatomic O -area O -at O -risk O -measured O -by O -the O -postmortem O -dual O -- O -perfusion O -technique O -and O -with O -thallium B-Chemical -- O -201 O -single O -- O -photon O -emission O -tomography O -( O -SPECT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -a O -transient O -( O -20 O -- O -s O -) O -coronary O -occlusion O -, O -a O -perfusion O -defect O -was O -observed O -with O -contrast O -echocardiography O -in O -14 O -of O -the O -15 O -dogs O -in O -which O -the O -occlusion O -was O -produced O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -perfusion O -defect O -correlated O -significantly O -with O -the O -anatomic O -area O -at O -risk O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -74 O -; O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -002 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperemia O -, O -12 O -of O -the O -16 O -dogs O -with O -a O -partial O -coronary O -stenosis O -had O -a O -visible O -area O -of O -hypoperfusion O -by O -contrast O -echocardiography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -four O -dogs O -without O -a O -perfusion O -defect O -had O -a O -stenosis O -that O -resulted O -in O -a O -mild O -( O -0 O -% O -to O -50 O -% O -) O -reduction O -in O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -size O -of O -the O -perfusion O -defect O -during O -stenosis O -correlated O -significantly O -with O -the O -anatomic O -area O -at O -risk O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -61 O -; O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thallium B-Chemical -- O -201 O -SPECT O -demonstrated O -a O -perfusion O -defect O -in O -all O -14 O -dogs O -analyzed O -during O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperemia O -; O -the O -size O -of O -the O -perfusion O -defect O -correlated O -with O -the O -anatomic O -area O -at O -risk O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -58 O -; O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -03 O -) O -and O -with O -the O -perfusion O -defect O -by O -contrast O -echocardiography O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -58 O -; O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -03 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -myocardial O -contrast O -echocardiography O -can O -be O -used O -to O -visualize O -and O -quantitate O -the O -amount O -of O -jeopardized O -myocardium O -during O -moderate O -to O -severe O -degrees O -of O -coronary O -stenosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -obtained O -show O -a O -correlation O -with O -the O -anatomic O -area O -at O -risk O -similar O -to O -that O -obtained O -with O -thallium B-Chemical -- O -201 O -SPECT O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activation O -of O -spinal O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -receptors O -may O -contribute O -to O -degeneration O -of O -spinal O -motor O -neurons O -induced O -by O -neuraxial O -morphine B-Chemical -after O -a O -noninjurious O -interval O -of O -spinal O -cord O -ischemia O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -investigated O -the O -relationship O -between O -the O -degeneration O -of O -spinal O -motor O -neurons O -and O -activation O -of O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -d I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -( O -NMDA B-Chemical -) O -receptors O -after O -neuraxial O -morphine B-Chemical -following O -a O -noninjurious O -interval O -of O -aortic O -occlusion O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Spinal O -cord O -ischemia O -was O -induced O -by O -aortic O -occlusion O -for O -6 O -min O -with O -a O -balloon O -catheter O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -microdialysis O -study O -, O -10 O -muL O -of O -saline O -( O -group O -C O -; O -n O -= O -8 O -) O -or O -30 O -mug O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -group O -M O -; O -n O -= O -8 O -) O -was O -injected O -intrathecally O -( O -IT O -) O -0 O -. O -5 O -h O -after O -reflow O -, O -and O -30 O -mug O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -group O -SM O -; O -n O -= O -8 O -) O -or O -10 O -muL O -of O -saline O -( O -group O -SC O -; O -n O -= O -8 O -) O -was O -injected O -IT O -0 O -. O -5 O -h O -after O -sham O -operation O -. O - -aps B-category -Microdialysis O -samples O -were O -collected O -preischemia O -, O -before O -IT O -injection O -, O -and O -at O -2 O -, O -4 O -, O -8 O -, O -24 O -, O -and O -48 O -h O -of O -reperfusion O -( O -after O -IT O -injection O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Second O -, O -we O -investigated O -the O -effect O -of O -IT O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -( O -30 O -mug O -) O -on O -the O -histopathologic O -changes O -in O -the O -spinal O -cord O -after O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -spastic O -paraparesis O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -IT O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -the O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -( O -CSF O -) O -glutamate B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -increased O -in O -group O -M O -relative O -to O -both O -baseline O -and O -group O -C O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -increase O -persisted O -for O -8 O -hrs O -. O - -aps B-category -IT O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -significantly O -reduced O -the O -number O -of O -dark O -- O -stained O -alpha O -- O -motoneurons O -after O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -spastic O -paraparesis O -compared O -with O -the O -saline O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -IT O -morphine B-Chemical -induces O -spastic O -paraparesis O -with O -a O -concomitant O -increase O -in O -CSF O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -which O -is O -involved O -in O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptor O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -that O -opioids O -may O -be O -neurotoxic O -in O -the O -setting O -of O -spinal O -cord O -ischemia O -via O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptor O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -low O -back O -pain O -during O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -: O -a O -report O -of O -two O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Amiodarone B-Chemical -represents O -an O -effective O -antiarrhythmic O -drug O -for O -cardioversion O -of O -recent O -- O -onset O -atrial O -fibrillation O -( O -AF O -) O -and O -maintenance O -of O -sinus O -rhythm O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -briefly O -describe O -two O -patients O -suffering O -from O -recent O -- O -onset O -atrial O -fibrillation O -, O -who O -experienced O -an O -acute O -devastating O -low O -back O -pain O -a O -few O -minutes O -after O -initiation O -of O -intravenous O -amiodarone B-Chemical -loading O -. O - -aps B-category -Notably O -, O -this O -side O -effect O -has O -not O -been O -ever O -reported O -in O -the O -medical O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinicians O -should O -be O -aware O -of O -this O -reaction O -since O -prompt O -termination O -of O -parenteral O -administration O -leads O -to O -complete O -resolution O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -drug O -levels O -in O -stimulant O -psychosis O -: O -relationship O -to O -symptom O -severity O -, O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -hyperkinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -examine O -the O -relationship O -between O -quantitative O -stimulant O -drug O -levels O -, O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -and O -psychotic O -symptoms O -, O -nineteen O -patients O -in O -a O -psychiatric O -emergency O -service O -with O -a O -diagnosis O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -or O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -psychosis O -were O -interviewed O -, O -and O -plasma O -and O -urine O -were O -collected O -for O -quantitative O -assays O -of O -stimulant O -drug O -and O -catecholamine B-Chemical -metabolite O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Methamphetamine B-Chemical -or O -amphetamine B-Chemical -levels O -were O -related O -to O -several O -psychopathology O -scores O -and O -the O -global O -hyperkinesia O -rating O -. O - -aps B-category -HVA O -levels O -were O -related O -to O -global O -hyperkinesia O -but O -not O -to O -psychopathology O -ratings O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -many O -other O -factors O -such O -as O -sensitization O -may O -play O -a O -role O -, O -intensity O -of O -stimulant O -- O -induced O -psychotic O -symptoms O -and O -stereotypies O -appears O -to O -be O -at O -least O -in O -part O -dose O -- O -related O -. O - -aps B-category -Pheochromocytoma O -unmasked O -by O -amisulpride B-Chemical -and O -tiapride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -describe O -the O -unmasking O -of O -pheochromocytoma O -in O -a O -patient O -treated O -with O -amisulpride B-Chemical -and O -tiapride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -SUMMARY O -: O -A O -42 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -white O -man O -developed O -acute O -hypertension O -with O -severe O -headache O -and O -vomiting O -2 O -hours O -after O -the O -first O -doses O -of O -amisulpride B-Chemical -100 O -mg O -and O -tiapride B-Chemical -100 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -drugs O -were O -immediately O -discontinued O -, O -and O -the O -patient O -recovered O -after O -subsequent O -nicardipine B-Chemical -and O -verapamil B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Abdominal O -ultrasound O -showed O -an O -adrenal O -mass O -, O -and O -postoperative O -histologic O -examination O -confirmed O -the O -diagnosis O -of O -pheochromocytoma O -. O - -aps B-category -DISCUSSION O -: O -Drug O -- O -induced O -symptoms O -of O -pheochromocytoma O -are O -often O -associated O -with O -the O -use O -of O -substituted O -benzamide B-Chemical -drugs O -, O -but O -the O -underlying O -mechanism O -is O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -our O -case O -, O -use O -of O -the O -Naranjo O -probability O -scale O -indicated O -a O -possible O -relationship O -between O -the O -hypertensive O -crisis O -and O -amisulpride B-Chemical -and O -tiapride B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -As O -of O -March O -24 O -, O -2005 O -, O -this O -is O -the O -first O -reported O -case O -of O -amisulpride B-Chemical -- O -and O -tiapride B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertensive O -crisis O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -pheochromocytoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Physicians O -and O -other O -healthcare O -professionals O -should O -be O -aware O -of O -this O -potential O -adverse O -effect O -of O -tiapride B-Chemical -and O -amisulpride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Minor O -neurological O -dysfunction O -, O -cognitive O -development O -, O -and O -somatic O -development O -at O -the O -age O -of O -3 O -to O -7 O -years O -after O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -very O -- O -low O -birth O -- O -weight O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -objective O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -assess O -minor O -neurological O -dysfunction O -, O -cognitive O -development O -, O -and O -somatic O -development O -after O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -very O -- O -low O -- O -birthweight O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -three O -children O -after O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -treatment O -were O -matched O -to O -33 O -children O -without O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -were O -assessed O -at O -the O -age O -of O -3 O -- O -7 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexamethasone B-Chemical -was O -started O -between O -the O -7th O -and O -the O -28th O -day O -of O -life O -over O -7 O -days O -with O -a O -total O -dose O -of O -2 O -. O -35 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -Exclusion O -criteria O -were O -asphyxia O -, O -malformations O -, O -major O -surgical O -interventions O -, O -small O -for O -gestational O -age O -, O -intraventricular O -haemorrhage O -grades O -III O -and O -IV O -, O -periventricular O -leukomalacia O -, O -and O -severe O -psychomotor O -retardation O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -child O -was O -examined O -by O -a O -neuropediatrician O -for O -minor O -neurological O -dysfunctions O -and O -tested O -by O -a O -psychologist O -for O -cognitive O -development O -with O -a O -Kaufman O -Assessment O -Battery O -for O -Children O -and O -a O -Draw O -- O -a O -- O -Man O -Test O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -differences O -in O -demographic O -data O -, O -growth O -, O -and O -socio O -- O -economic O -status O -between O -the O -two O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Fine O -motor O -skills O -and O -gross O -motor O -function O -were O -significantly O -better O -in O -the O -control O -group O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -Draw O -- O -a O -- O -Man O -Test O -, O -the O -control O -group O -showed O -better O -results O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -differences O -in O -development O -of O -speech O -, O -social O -development O -, O -and O -the O -Kaufman O -Assessment O -Battery O -for O -Children O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -children O -showed O -a O -higher O -rate O -of O -minor O -neurological O -dysfunctions O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurological O -development O -was O -affected O -even O -without O -neurological O -diagnosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -long O -- O -term O -follow O -- O -up O -studies O -will O -be O -necessary O -to O -fully O -evaluate O -the O -impact O -of O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -on O -neurological O -and O -cognitive O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -Valproic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -I O -: O -time O -course O -of O -lipid O -peroxidation O -biomarkers O -, O -liver O -toxicity O -, O -and O -valproic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -metabolite O -levels O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -dose O -of O -valproic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -VPA B-Chemical -) O -, O -which O -is O -a O -widely O -used O -antiepileptic O -drug O -, O -is O -associated O -with O -oxidative O -stress O -in O -rats O -, O -as O -recently O -demonstrated O -by O -elevated O -levels O -of O -15 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -F I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2t I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isoprostane I-Chemical -( O -15 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -F I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2t I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -IsoP I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -determine O -whether O -there O -was O -a O -temporal O -relationship O -between O -VPA B-Chemical -- O -associated O -oxidative O -stress O -and O -hepatotoxicity O -, O -adult O -male O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -were O -treated O -ip O -with O -VPA B-Chemical -( O -500 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -or O -0 O -. O -9 O -% O -saline O -( O -vehicle O -) O -once O -daily O -for O -2 O -, O -4 O -, O -7 O -, O -10 O -, O -or O -14 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidative O -stress O -was O -assessed O -by O -determining O -plasma O -and O -liver O -levels O -of O -15 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -F I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2t I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -IsoP I-Chemical -, O -lipid B-Chemical -hydroperoxides I-Chemical -( O -LPO B-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -thiobarbituric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -reactive I-Chemical -substances I-Chemical -( O -TBARs B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -and O -liver O -15 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -F I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2t I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -IsoP I-Chemical -were O -elevated O -and O -reached O -a O -plateau O -after O -day O -2 O -of O -VPA B-Chemical -treatment O -compared O -to O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -LPO B-Chemical -levels O -were O -not O -elevated O -until O -day O -7 O -of O -treatment O -( O -1 O -. O -8 O -- O -fold O -versus O -control O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -and O -plasma O -TBARs B-Chemical -were O -not O -increased O -until O -14 O -days O -( O -2 O -- O -fold O -vs O -. O -control O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -toxicity O -was O -evaluated O -based O -on O -serum O -levels O -of O -alpha O -- O -glutathione B-Chemical -S O -- O -transferase O -( O -alpha O -- O -GST O -) O -and O -by O -histology O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -alpha O -- O -GST O -levels O -were O -significantly O -elevated O -by O -day O -4 O -, O -which O -corresponded O -to O -hepatotoxicity O -as O -shown O -by O -the O -increasing O -incidence O -of O -inflammation O -of O -the O -liver O -capsule O -, O -necrosis O -, O -and O -steatosis O -throughout O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -liver O -levels O -of O -beta O -- O -oxidation O -metabolites O -of O -VPA B-Chemical -were O -decreased O -by O -day O -14 O -, O -while O -the O -levels O -of O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ene I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -VPA I-Chemical -and O -( O -E O -) O -- O -2 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diene I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -VPA I-Chemical -were O -not O -elevated O -throughout O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Overall O -, O -these O -findings O -indicate O -that O -VPA B-Chemical -treatment O -results O -in O -oxidative O -stress O -, O -as O -measured O -by O -levels O -of O -15 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -F I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2t I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -IsoP I-Chemical -, O -which O -precedes O -the O -onset O -of O -necrosis O -, O -steatosis O -, O -and O -elevated O -levels O -of O -serum O -alpha O -- O -GST O -. O - -aps B-category -Assessment O -of O -perinatal O -hepatitis O -B O -and O -rubella O -prevention O -in O -New O -Hampshire O -delivery O -hospitals O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -evaluate O -current O -performance O -on O -recommended O -perinatal O -hepatitis O -B O -and O -rubella O -prevention O -practices O -in O -New O -Hampshire O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Data O -were O -extracted O -from O -2021 O -paired O -mother O -- O -infant O -records O -for O -the O -year O -2000 O -birth O -cohort O -in O -New O -Hampshire O -' O -s O -25 O -delivery O -hospitals O -. O - -aps B-category -Assessment O -was O -done O -on O -the O -following O -: O -prenatal O -screening O -for O -hepatitis O -B O -and O -rubella O -, O -administration O -of O -the O -hepatitis O -B O -vaccine O -birth O -dose O -to O -all O -infants O -, O -administration O -of O -hepatitis O -B O -immune O -globulin O -to O -infants O -who O -were O -born O -to O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -- O -positive O -mothers O -, O -rubella O -immunity O -, O -and O -administration O -of O -in O -- O -hospital O -postpartum O -rubella O -vaccine O -to O -rubella O -nonimmune O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Prenatal O -screening O -rates O -for O -hepatitis O -B O -( O -98 O -. O -8 O -% O -) O -and O -rubella O -( O -99 O -. O -4 O -% O -) O -were O -high O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatitis O -B O -vaccine O -birth O -dose O -was O -administered O -to O -76 O -. O -2 O -% O -of O -all O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -infants O -who O -were O -born O -to O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -- O -positive O -mothers O -also O -received O -hepatitis O -B O -immune O -globulin O -. O - -aps B-category -Multivariate O -logistic O -regression O -showed O -that O -the O -month O -of O -delivery O -and O -infant O -birth O -weight O -were O -independent O -predictors O -of O -hepatitis O -B O -vaccination O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proportion O -of O -infants O -who O -were O -vaccinated O -in O -January O -and O -February O -2000 O -( O -48 O -. O -5 O -% O -and O -67 O -. O -5 O -% O -, O -respectively O -) O -was O -less O -than O -any O -other O -months O -, O -whereas O -the O -proportion O -who O -were O -vaccinated O -in O -December O -2000 O -( O -88 O -. O -2 O -% O -) O -was O -the O -highest O -. O - -aps B-category -Women O -who O -were O -born O -between O -1971 O -and O -1975 O -had O -the O -highest O -rate O -of O -rubella O -nonimmunity O -( O -9 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -- O -hospital O -postpartum O -rubella O -vaccine O -administration O -was O -documented O -for O -75 O -. O -6 O -% O -of O -nonimmune O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -This O -study O -documents O -good O -compliance O -in O -New O -Hampshire O -' O -s O -birthing O -hospitals O -with O -national O -guidelines O -for O -perinatal O -hepatitis O -B O -and O -rubella O -prevention O -and O -highlights O -potential O -areas O -for O -improvement O -. O - -aps B-category -Succinylcholine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -masseter O -muscle O -rigidity O -during O -bronchoscopic O -removal O -of O -a O -tracheal O -foreign O -body O -. O - -aps B-category -Masseter O -muscle O -rigidity O -during O -general O -anesthesia O -is O -considered O -an O -early O -warning O -sign O -of O -a O -possible O -episode O -of O -malignant O -hyperthermia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decision O -whether O -to O -continue O -or O -discontinue O -the O -procedure O -depends O -on O -the O -urgency O -of O -the O -surgery O -and O -severity O -of O -masseter O -muscle O -rigidity O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -, O -we O -describe O -a O -case O -of O -severe O -masseter O -muscle O -rigidity O -( O -jaw O -of O -steel O -) O -after O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -( O -Sch B-Chemical -) O -administration O -during O -general O -anesthetic O -management O -for O -rigid O -bronchoscopic O -removal O -of O -a O -tracheal O -foreign O -body O -. O - -aps B-category -Anesthesia O -was O -continued O -uneventfully O -with O -propofol B-Chemical -infusion O -while O -all O -facilities O -were O -available O -to O -detect O -and O -treat O -malignant O -hyperthermia O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexrazoxane B-Chemical -protects O -against O -myelosuppression O -from O -the O -DNA O -cleavage O -- O -enhancing O -drugs O -etoposide B-Chemical -and O -daunorubicin B-Chemical -but O -not O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -The O -anthracyclines B-Chemical -daunorubicin B-Chemical -and O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -and O -the O -epipodophyllotoxin B-Chemical -etoposide B-Chemical -are O -potent O -DNA O -cleavage O -- O -enhancing O -drugs O -that O -are O -widely O -used O -in O -clinical O -oncology O -; O -however O -, O -myelosuppression O -and O -cardiac O -toxicity O -limit O -their O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexrazoxane B-Chemical -( O -ICRF B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -187 I-Chemical -) O -is O -recommended O -for O -protection O -against O -anthracycline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -EXPERIMENTAL O -DESIGN O -: O -Because O -of O -their O -widespread O -use O -, O -the O -hematologic O -toxicity O -following O -coadministration O -of O -dexrazoxane B-Chemical -and O -these O -three O -structurally O -different O -DNA O -cleavage O -enhancers O -was O -investigated O -: O -Sensitivity O -of O -human O -and O -murine O -blood O -progenitor O -cells O -to O -etoposide B-Chemical -, O -daunorubicin B-Chemical -, O -and O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -+ O -/ O -- O -dexrazoxane B-Chemical -was O -determined O -in O -granulocyte O -- O -macrophage O -colony O -forming O -assays O -. O - -aps B-category -Likewise O -, O -in O -vivo O -, O -B6D2F1 O -mice O -were O -treated O -with O -etoposide B-Chemical -, O -daunorubicin B-Chemical -, O -and O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -, O -with O -or O -without O -dexrazoxane B-Chemical -over O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -doses O -: O -posttreatment O -, O -a O -full O -hematologic O -evaluation O -was O -done O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Nontoxic O -doses O -of O -dexrazoxane B-Chemical -reduced O -myelosuppression O -and O -weight O -loss O -from O -daunorubicin B-Chemical -and O -etoposide B-Chemical -in O -mice O -and O -antagonized O -their O -antiproliferative O -effects O -in O -the O -colony O -assay O -; O -however O -, O -dexrazoxane B-Chemical -neither O -reduced O -myelosuppression O -, O -weight O -loss O -, O -nor O -the O -in O -vitro O -cytotoxicity O -from O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Although O -our O -findings O -support O -the O -observation O -that O -dexrazoxane B-Chemical -reduces O -neither O -hematologic O -activity O -nor O -antitumor O -activity O -from O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -clinically O -, O -the O -potent O -antagonism O -of O -daunorubicin B-Chemical -activity O -raises O -concern O -; O -a O -possible O -interference O -with O -anticancer O -efficacy O -certainly O -would O -call O -for O -renewed O -attention O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -data O -also O -suggest O -that O -significant O -etoposide B-Chemical -dose O -escalation O -is O -perhaps O -possible O -by O -the O -use O -of O -dexrazoxane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -trials O -in O -patients O -with O -brain O -metastases O -combining O -dexrazoxane B-Chemical -and O -high O -doses O -of O -etoposide B-Chemical -is O -ongoing O -with O -the O -aim O -of O -improving O -efficacy O -without O -aggravating O -hematologic O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -successful O -, O -this O -represents O -an O -exciting O -mechanism O -for O -pharmacologic O -regulation O -of O -side O -effects O -from O -cytotoxic O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Assessment O -of O -the O -onset O -and O -persistence O -of O -amnesia O -during O -procedural O -sedation O -with O -propofol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -To O -assess O -patients O -' O -ability O -to O -repeat O -and O -recall O -words O -presented O -to O -them O -while O -undergoing O -procedural O -sedation O -with O -propofol B-Chemical -, O -and O -correlate O -their O -recall O -with O -their O -level O -of O -awareness O -as O -measured O -by O -bispectral O -index O -( O -BIS O -) O -monitoring O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -This O -was O -a O -prospective O -, O -single O -- O -intervention O -study O -of O -consenting O -adult O -patients O -undergoing O -procedural O -sedation O -with O -propofol B-Chemical -between O -December O -28 O -, O -2002 O -, O -and O -October O -31 O -, O -2003 O -. O - -aps B-category -BIS O -monitoring O -was O -initiated O -starting O -3 O -minutes O -before O -the O -procedure O -and O -continuing O -until O -the O -patient O -had O -regained O -baseline O -mental O -status O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -1 O -- O -minute O -intervals O -during O -the O -procedural O -sedation O -, O -until O -the O -patient O -regained O -baseline O -mental O -status O -at O -the O -end O -of O -the O -procedure O -, O -a O -word O -from O -a O -standardized O -list O -was O -read O -aloud O -, O -and O -the O -patient O -was O -asked O -to O -immediately O -repeat O -the O -word O -to O -the O -investigator O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -BIS O -score O -at O -the O -time O -the O -word O -was O -read O -and O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -ability O -to O -repeat O -the O -word O -were O -recorded O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -procedure O -, O -the O -patient O -was O -asked O -to O -state O -all O -of O -the O -words O -from O -the O -list O -that O -he O -or O -she O -could O -recall O -, O -and O -to O -identify O -the O -last O -word O -recalled O -from O -prior O -to O -the O -start O -of O -the O -procedure O -and O -the O -first O -word O -recalled O -from O -after O -the O -procedure O -was O -completed O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Seventy O -- O -five O -consenting O -patients O -were O -enrolled O -; O -one O -patient O -was O -excluded O -from O -data O -analysis O -for O -a O -protocol O -violation O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -serious O -adverse O -events O -were O -noted O -during O -the O -procedural O -sedations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -standard O -deviation O -) O -time O -of O -data O -collection O -was O -16 O -. O -4 O -minutes O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -. O -1 O -; O -range O -5 O -to O -34 O -minutes O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -initial O -( O -preprocedure O -) O -BIS O -score O -was O -97 O -. O -1 O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -3 O -; O -range O -92 O -to O -99 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -lowest O -BIS O -score O -occurring O -during O -these O -procedural O -sedations O -was O -66 O -. O -9 O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -14 O -. O -4 O -; O -range O -33 O -to O -91 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -lowest O -BIS O -score O -corresponding O -to O -the O -ability O -of O -the O -patient O -to O -immediately O -repeat O -words O -read O -from O -the O -list O -was O -77 O -. O -1 O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -= O -74 O -. O -3 O -to O -80 O -. O -0 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -highest O -BIS O -score O -corresponding O -to O -the O -inability O -to O -repeat O -words O -was O -81 O -. O -5 O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -= O -78 O -. O -1 O -to O -84 O -. O -8 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -BIS O -score O -corresponding O -to O -the O -last O -word O -recalled O -from O -prior O -to O -the O -initiation O -of O -the O -sedation O -was O -96 O -. O -7 O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -4 O -; O -range O -84 O -to O -98 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -BIS O -score O -corresponding O -to O -the O -first O -word O -recalled O -after O -the O -procedure O -was O -completed O -was O -91 O -. O -2 O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -= O -88 O -. O -1 O -to O -94 O -. O -3 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -recalled O -at O -least O -one O -word O -that O -had O -been O -read O -to O -them O -during O -the O -protocol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -lowest O -BIS O -score O -for O -any O -recalled O -word O -was O -91 O -. O -5 O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -11 O -. O -1 O -; O -range O -79 O -to O -98 O -) O -, O -and O -no O -words O -were O -recalled O -when O -the O -corresponding O -BIS O -score O -was O -less O -than O -90 O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -There O -is O -a O -range O -of O -BIS O -scores O -during O -which O -sedated O -patients O -are O -able O -to O -repeat O -words O -read O -to O -them O -but O -are O -not O -able O -to O -subsequently O -recall O -these O -words O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -patients O -had O -no O -recall O -of O -words O -repeated O -prior O -to O -procedural O -sedation O -in O -BIS O -ranges O -associated O -with O -recall O -after O -procedural O -sedation O -, O -suggestive O -of O -retrograde O -amnesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Amiodarone B-Chemical -pulmonary O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Amiodarone B-Chemical -is O -an O -effective O -antiarrhythmic O -agent O -whose O -utility O -is O -limited O -by O -many O -side O -- O -effects O -, O -the O -most O -problematic O -being O -pneumonitis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pulmonary O -toxicity O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -is O -thought O -to O -result O -from O -direct O -injury O -related O -to O -the O -intracellular O -accumulation O -of O -phospholipid O -and O -T O -cell O -- O -mediated O -hypersensitivity O -pneumonitis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -and O -radiographic O -features O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -pulmonary O -toxicity O -are O -characteristic O -but O -nonspecific O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diagnosis O -depends O -on O -exclusion O -of O -other O -entities O -, O -such O -as O -heart O -failure O -, O -infection O -, O -and O -malignancy O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -withdrawal O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -leads O -to O -clinical O -improvement O -in O -majority O -of O -cases O -, O -this O -is O -not O -always O -possible O -or O -advisable O -. O - -aps B-category -Dose O -reduction O -or O -concomitant O -steroid B-Chemical -therapy O -may O -have O -a O -role O -in O -selected O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -prodrugs O -of O -potent O -and O -selective O -GluR5 O -kainate B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonists O -actives O -in O -three O -animal O -models O -of O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -Amino O -acids O -5 O -and O -7 O -, O -two O -potent O -and O -selective O -competitive O -GluR5 O -KA B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonists O -, O -exhibited O -high O -GluR5 O -receptor O -affinity O -over O -other O -glutamate B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -ester O -prodrugs O -6 O -and O -8 O -were O -orally O -active O -in O -three O -models O -of O -pain O -: O -reversal O -of O -formalin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -paw O -licking O -, O -carrageenan B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thermal O -hyperalgesia O -, O -and O -capsaicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -mechanical O -hyperalgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -azithromycin B-Chemical -- O -associated O -hiccups O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -report O -a O -case O -of O -persistent O -hiccups O -associated O -by O -azithromycin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -SUMMARY O -: O -A O -76 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -presented O -with O -persistent O -hiccups O -after O -beginning O -azithromycin B-Chemical -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -pharyngitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Hiccups O -were O -persistent O -and O -exhausting O -. O - -aps B-category -Discontinuation O -of O -azithromycin B-Chemical -and O -therapy O -with O -baclofen B-Chemical -finally O -resolved O -hiccups O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -organic O -cause O -of O -hiccups O -was O -identified O -despite O -extensive O -investigation O -. O - -aps B-category -DISCUSSION O -: O -Pharmacotherapeutic O -agents O -have O -been O -uncommonly O -associated O -with O -hiccups O -. O - -aps B-category -Corticosteroids O -( O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -and O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -) O -, O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -( O -midazolam B-Chemical -) O -and O -general O -anaesthesia O -have O -been O -the O -specific O -agents O -mentioned O -most O -frequently O -in O -the O -literature O -as O -being O -associated O -with O -the O -development O -of O -hiccups O -. O - -aps B-category -Few O -cases O -of O -drug O -- O -induced O -hiccups O -have O -been O -reported O -related O -to O -macrolide B-Chemical -antimicrobials O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -the O -Naranjo O -adverse O -effect O -reaction O -probability O -scale O -this O -event O -could O -be O -classified O -as O -possible O -( O -score O -5 O -points O -) O -, O -mostly O -because O -of O -the O -close O -temporal O -sequence O -, O -previous O -reports O -on O -this O -reaction O -with O -other O -macrolides B-Chemical -and O -the O -absence O -of O -any O -alternative O -explanation O -for O -hiccups O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -hypothesis O -is O -that O -a O -vagal O -mechanism O -mediated O -by O -azithromycin B-Chemical -could O -be O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -hiccups O -in O -our O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Diagnosis O -of O -drug O -- O -induced O -hiccups O -is O -difficult O -and O -often O -achieved O -only O -by O -a O -process O -of O -elimination O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -macrolide B-Chemical -antimicrobials O -have O -been O -reported O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -hiccups O -and O -vagal O -mechanism O -could O -explain O -the O -development O -of O -this O -side O -- O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -toxicity O -: O -the O -updated O -milk O -- O -alkali O -syndrome O -; O -report O -of O -3 O -cases O -and O -review O -of O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -describe O -3 O -patients O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypercalcemia O -and O -gain O -insights O -into O -the O -cause O -and O -management O -of O -the O -milk O -- O -alkali O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -report O -the O -clinical O -and O -laboratory O -data O -in O -3 O -patients O -who O -presented O -with O -severe O -hypercalcemia O -( O -corrected O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -> O -or O -= O -14 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -) O -and O -review O -the O -pertinent O -literature O -on O -milk O -- O -alkali O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -3 O -patients O -had O -acute O -renal O -insufficiency O -, O -relative O -metabolic O -alkalosis O -, O -and O -low O -parathyroid O -hormone O -( O -PTH O -) O -, O -PTH O -- O -related O -peptide O -, O -and O -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -25 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxyvitamin I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -malignant O -lesion O -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -included O -aggressive O -hydration O -and O -varied O -amounts O -of O -furosemide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -2 O -patients O -with O -the O -higher O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -received O -pamidronate B-Chemical -intravenously O -( O -60 O -and O -30 O -mg O -, O -respectively O -) O -, O -which O -caused O -severe O -hypocalcemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -3 O -patients O -, O -2 O -were O -ingesting O -acceptable O -doses O -of O -elemental O -calcium B-Chemical -( O -1 O -g O -and O -2 O -g O -daily O -, O -respectively O -) O -in O -the O -form O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -our O -highlighted O -cases O -, O -we O -review O -the O -history O -, O -classification O -, O -pathophysiologic O -features O -, O -and O -treatment O -of O -milk O -- O -alkali O -syndrome O -and O -summarize O -the O -cases O -reported O -from O -early O -1995 O -to O -November O -2003 O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Milk O -- O -alkali O -syndrome O -may O -be O -a O -common O -cause O -of O -unexplained O -hypercalcemia O -and O -can O -be O -precipitated O -by O -small O -amounts O -of O -orally O -ingested O -calcium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -in O -susceptible O -persons O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -hydration O -, O -furosemide B-Chemical -, O -and O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -source O -is O -adequate O -. O - -aps B-category -Pamidronate B-Chemical -treatment O -is O -associated O -with O -considerable O -risk O -for O -hypocalcemia O -, O -even O -in O -cases O -of O -initially O -severe O -hypercalcemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Warfarin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -leukocytoclastic O -vasculitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Skin O -reactions O -associated O -with O -oral O -coumarin B-Chemical -- O -derived O -anticoagulants O -are O -an O -uncommon O -occurrence O -. O - -aps B-category -Leukocytoclastic O -vasculitis O -( O -LV O -) O -is O -primarily O -a O -cutaneous O -small O -vessel O -vasculitis O -, O -though O -systemic O -involvement O -may O -be O -encountered O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -4 O -patients O -with O -late O -- O -onset O -LV O -probably O -due O -to O -warfarin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -4 O -patients O -presented O -with O -skin O -eruptions O -that O -developed O -after O -receiving O -warfarin B-Chemical -for O -several O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -skin O -lesion O -biopsies O -were O -available O -in O -3 O -patients O -, O -confirming O -LV O -Cutaneous O -lesions O -resolved O -in O -all O -patients O -after O -warfarin B-Chemical -was O -discontinued O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -2 O -of O -the O -4 O -patients O -, O -rechallenge O -with O -warfarin B-Chemical -led O -to O -recurrence O -of O -the O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -LV O -may O -be O -a O -late O -- O -onset O -adverse O -reaction O -associated O -with O -warfarin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -brainstem O -seizures O -and O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -variety O -of O -abnormal O -sensory O -/ O -motor O -behaviors O -associated O -with O -electrical O -discharges O -recorded O -from O -the O -bilateral O -brainstem O -were O -induced O -in O -adult O -WKY O -rats O -by O -mechanical O -( O -electrode O -implants O -) O -and O -DC O -electrical O -current O -stimulations O -and O -by O -acute O -and O -chronic O -administration O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -electrode O -implant O -implicated O -one O -side O -or O -the O -other O -of O -the O -reticular O -system O -of O -the O -brainstem O -but O -subjects O -were O -not O -incapacitated O -by O -the O -stimulations O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -( O -40 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -was O -injected O -subcutaneously O -for O -an O -acute O -experiment O -and O -subsequent O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -doses O -twice O -daily O -for O -3 O -days O -in O -a O -chronic O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -generated O -more O -abnormal O -behaviors O -in O -the O -brainstem O -perturbation O -group O -, O -especially O -the O -electrically O -perturbated O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -abnormal O -behaviors O -were O -yawning O -, O -retrocollis O -, O -hyperactivity O -, O -hypersensitivity O -, O -" O -beating O -drum O -" O -behavior O -, O -squealing O -, O -head O -bobbing O -, O -circling O -, O -sniffing O -, O -abnormal O -posturing O -, O -and O -facial O -twitching O -. O - -aps B-category -Shifts O -in O -the O -power O -frequency O -spectra O -of O -the O -discharge O -patterns O -were O -noted O -between O -quiet O -and O -pacing O -behavioral O -states O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypersensitivity O -to O -various O -auditory O -, O -tactile O -, O -and O -visual O -stimulation O -was O -present O -and O -shifts O -in O -the O -brainstem O -ambient O -power O -spectral O -frequency O -occurred O -in O -response O -to O -tactile O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -the O -brainstem O -generates O -and O -propagates O -pathological O -discharges O -that O -can O -be O -elicited O -by O -mechanical O -and O -DC O -electrical O -perturbation O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -activate O -the O -discharge O -system O -and O -thus O -induce O -abnormal O -behaviors O -that O -are O -generated O -at O -the O -discharge O -site O -and O -at O -distant O -sites O -to O -which O -the O -discharge O -propagates O -. O - -aps B-category -Cognitive O -functions O -may O -also O -be O -involved O -since O -dopaminergic O -and O -serotonergic O -cellular O -elements O -at O -the O -brainstem O -level O -are O -also O -implicated O -. O - -aps B-category -rTMS O -of O -supplementary O -motor O -area O -modulates O -therapy O -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -in O -Parkinson O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -neural O -mechanisms O -and O -circuitry O -involved O -in O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesia O -are O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -repetitive O -transcranial O -magnetic O -stimulation O -( O -rTMS O -) O -over O -the O -supplementary O -motor O -area O -( O -SMA O -) O -in O -a O -group O -of O -patients O -with O -advanced O -Parkinson O -disease O -, O -the O -authors O -investigated O -whether O -modulation O -of O -SMA O -excitability O -may O -result O -in O -a O -modification O -of O -a O -dyskinetic O -state O -induced O -by O -continuous O -apomorphine B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -rTMS O -at O -1 O -Hz O -was O -observed O -to O -markedly O -reduce O -drug O -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -, O -whereas O -5 O -- O -Hz O -rTMS O -induced O -a O -slight O -but O -not O -significant O -increase O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracavitary O -chemotherapy O -( O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -/ O -carboplatin B-Chemical -liquid O -crystalline O -cubic O -phases O -) O -for O -recurrent O -glioblastoma O -- O -- O -clinical O -observations O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -malignant O -brain O -tumors O -have O -a O -poor O -prognosis O -in O -spite O -of O -surgery O -and O -radiation O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Cubic O -phases O -consist O -of O -curved O -biocontinuous O -lipid O -bilayers O -, O -separating O -two O -congruent O -networks O -of O -water O -channels O -. O - -aps B-category -Used O -as O -a O -host O -for O -cytotoxic O -drugs O -, O -the O -gel O -- O -like O -matrix O -can O -easily O -be O -applied O -to O -the O -walls O -of O -a O -surgical O -resection O -cavity O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -human O -glioblastoma O -recurrences O -, O -the O -feasibility O -, O -safety O -, O -and O -short O -- O -term O -effects O -of O -a O -surgical O -intracavitary O -application O -of O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -and O -carboplatin B-Chemical -encapsulated O -by O -liquid O -crystalline O -cubic O -phases O -are O -examined O -in O -a O -pilot O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -12 O -patients O -with O -a O -recurrence O -of O -a O -glioblastoma O -multiforme O -underwent O -re O -- O -resection O -and O -received O -an O -intracavitary O -application O -of O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -and O -carboplatin B-Chemical -cubic O -phases O -in O -different O -dosages O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -of O -the O -patients O -received O -more O -than O -15 O -mg O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -and O -suffered O -from O -moderate O -to O -severe O -brain O -edema O -, O -while O -the O -remaining O -patients O -received O -only O -a O -total O -of O -15 O -mg O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -latter O -group O -, O -brain O -edema O -was O -markedly O -reduced O -and O -dealt O -medically O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracavitary O -chemotherapy O -in O -recurrent O -glioblastoma O -using O -cubic O -phases O -is O -feasible O -and O -safe O -, O -yet O -the O -clinical O -benefit O -remains O -to O -be O -examined O -in O -a O -clinical O -phase O -II O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Lamotrigine B-Chemical -associated O -with O -exacerbation O -or O -de O -novo O -myoclonus O -in O -idiopathic O -generalized O -epilepsies O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -patients O -with O -idiopathic O -generalized O -epilepsies O -( O -IGE O -) O -treated O -with O -lamotrigine B-Chemical -( O -LTG B-Chemical -) O -experienced O -exacerbation O -or O -de O -novo O -appearance O -of O -myoclonic O -jerks O -( O -MJ O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -three O -patients O -, O -LTG B-Chemical -exacerbated O -MJ O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -with O -early O -aggravation O -during O -titration O -. O - -aps B-category -MJ O -disappeared O -when O -LTG B-Chemical -dose O -was O -decreased O -by O -25 O -to O -50 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -two O -patients O -, O -LTG B-Chemical -exacerbated O -MJ O -in O -a O -delayed O -but O -more O -severe O -manner O -, O -with O -myoclonic O -status O -that O -only O -ceased O -after O -LTG B-Chemical -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -Absence O -of O -acute O -cerebral O -vasoconstriction O -after O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -subarachnoid O -hemorrhage O -. O - -aps B-category -INTRODUCTION O -: O -Cocaine B-Chemical -use O -has O -been O -associated O -with O -neurovascular O -complications O -, O -including O -arterial O -vasoconstriction O -and O -vasculitis O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -there O -are O -few O -studies O -of O -angiographic O -effects O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -on O -human O -cerebral O -arteries O -. O - -aps B-category -Information O -on O -these O -effects O -could O -be O -obtained O -from O -angiograms O -of O -patients O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -subarachnoid O -hemorrhage O -( O -SAH O -) O -who O -underwent O -angiography O -shortly O -after O -cocaine B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -screened O -patients O -with O -SAH O -retrospectively O -and O -identified O -those O -with O -positive O -urine O -toxicology O -for O -cocaine B-Chemical -or O -its O -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -arterial O -diameter O -measurements O -from O -angiograms O -of O -these O -patients O -were O -compared O -to O -measurements O -from O -control O -patients O -with O -SAH O -who O -were O -matched O -for O -factors O -known O -to O -influence O -arterial O -diameter O -. O - -aps B-category -Qualitative O -comparisons O -of O -small O -artery O -changes O -also O -were O -made O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Thirteen O -patients O -with O -positive O -cocaine B-Chemical -toxicology O -were O -compared O -to O -26 O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -significant O -differences O -between O -groups O -in O -the O -mean O -diameters O -of O -the O -intradural O -internal O -carotid O -, O -sphenoidal O -segment O -of O -the O -middle O -cerebral O -, O -precommunicating O -segment O -of O -the O -anterior O -cerebral O -, O -or O -basilar O -arteries O -( O -p O -greater O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -for O -all O -comparisons O -, O -unpaired O -t O -- O -tests O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -also O -were O -no O -significant O -differences O -between O -groups O -when O -expressing O -diameters O -as O -the O -sum O -of O -the O -precommunicating O -segment O -of O -the O -anterior O -cerebral O -+ O -sphenoidal O -segment O -of O -the O -middle O -cerebral O -+ O -supraclinoid O -internal O -carotid O -artery O -+ O -basilar O -artery O -divided O -by O -the O -diameter O -of O -the O -petrous O -internal O -carotid O -artery O -( O -p O -greater O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -, O -unpaired O -t O -- O -tests O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Qualitative O -assessments O -showed O -two O -arterial O -irregularities O -in O -the O -distal O -vasculature O -in O -each O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -No O -quantitative O -evidence O -for O -narrowing O -of O -large O -cerebral O -arteries O -or O -qualitative O -angiographic O -evidence O -for O -distal O -narrowing O -or O -vasculitis O -could O -be O -found O -in O -patients O -who O -underwent O -angiography O -after O -aneurysmal O -SAH O -associated O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Methamphetamine B-Chemical -causes O -alterations O -in O -the O -MAP O -kinase O -- O -related O -pathways O -in O -the O -brains O -of O -mice O -that O -display O -increased O -aggressiveness O -. O - -aps B-category -Aggressive O -behaviors O -have O -been O -reported O -in O -patients O -who O -suffer O -from O -some O -psychiatric O -disorders O -, O -and O -are O -common O -in O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -( O -METH B-Chemical -) O -abusers O -. O - -aps B-category -Herein O -, O -we O -report O -that O -multiple O -( O -but O -not O -single O -) O -injections O -of O -METH B-Chemical -significantly O -increased O -aggressiveness O -in O -male O -CD O -- O -1 O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -increase O -in O -aggressiveness O -was O -not O -secondary O -to O -METH B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -protein O -expression O -using O -antibody O -microarrays O -and O -Western O -blotting O -revealed O -differential O -changes O -in O -MAP O -kinase O -- O -related O -pathways O -after O -multiple O -and O -single O -METH B-Chemical -injections O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -statistically O -significant O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -decreases O -in O -MEK1 O -, O -Erk2p O -, O -GSK3alpha O -, O -14 O -- O -3 O -- O -3e O -, O -and O -MEK7 O -in O -the O -striata O -of O -mice O -after O -multiple O -injections O -of O -METH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -MEK1 O -was O -significantly O -decreased O -also O -after O -a O -single O -injection O -of O -METH B-Chemical -, O -but O -to O -a O -much O -lesser O -degree O -than O -after O -multiple O -injections O -of O -METH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -frontal O -cortex O -, O -there O -was O -a O -statistically O -significant O -decrease O -in O -GSK3alpha O -after O -multiple O -( O -but O -not O -single O -) O -injections O -of O -METH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -alterations O -in O -MAP O -kinase O -- O -related O -pathways O -in O -the O -prefronto O -- O -striatal O -circuitries O -might O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -manifestation O -of O -aggressive O -behaviors O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Amisulpride B-Chemical -related O -tic O -- O -like O -symptoms O -in O -an O -adolescent O -schizophrenic O -. O - -aps B-category -Tic O -disorders O -can O -be O -effectively O -treated O -by O -atypical O -antipsychotics O -such O -as O -risperidone B-Chemical -, O -olanzapine B-Chemical -and O -ziprasidone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -there O -are O -two O -case O -reports O -that O -show O -tic O -- O -like O -symptoms O -, O -including O -motor O -and O -phonic O -variants O -, O -occurring O -during O -treatment O -with O -quetiapine B-Chemical -or O -clozapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -present O -a O -15 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -girl O -schizophrenic O -who O -developed O -frequent O -involuntary O -eye O -- O -blinking O -movements O -after O -5 O -months O -of O -amisulpride B-Chemical -treatment O -( O -1000 O -mg O -per O -day O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tic O -- O -like O -symptoms O -resolved O -completely O -after O -we O -reduced O -the O -dose O -of O -amisulpride B-Chemical -down O -to O -800 O -mg O -per O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -her O -psychosis O -recurred O -after O -the O -dose O -reduction O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -then O -placed O -her O -on O -an O -additional O -100 O -mg O -per O -day O -of O -quetiapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -She O -has O -been O -in O -complete O -remission O -under O -the O -combined O -medications O -for O -more O -than O -one O -year O -and O -maintains O -a O -fair O -role O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -more O -tic O -- O -like O -symptoms O -or O -other O -side O -effects O -have O -been O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Together O -with O -previously O -reported O -cases O -, O -our O -patient O -suggests O -that O -tic O -- O -like O -symptoms O -might O -occur O -in O -certain O -vulnerable O -individuals O -during O -treatment O -with O -atypical O -antipsychotics O -such O -as O -quetiapine B-Chemical -, O -clozapine B-Chemical -, O -or O -amisulpride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Chloroquine B-Chemical -related O -complete O -heart O -block O -with O -blindness O -: O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -27 O -- O -year O -old O -African O -woman O -with O -history O -of O -regular O -chloroquine B-Chemical -ingestion O -presented O -with O -progressive O -deterioration O -of O -vision O -, O -easy O -fatiguability O -, O -dyspnoea O -, O -dizziness O -progressing O -to O -syncopal O -attacks O -. O - -aps B-category -Ophthalmological O -assessment O -revealed O -features O -of O -chloroquine B-Chemical -retinopathy O -, O -cardiac O -assessment O -revealed O -features O -of O -heart O -failure O -and O -a O -complete O -heart O -block O -with O -right O -bundle O -branch O -block O -pattern O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heart O -block O -was O -treated O -by O -pacemaker O -insertion O -and O -the O -heart O -failure O -resolved O -spontaneously O -following O -chloroquine B-Chemical -discontinuation O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -however O -remains O -blind O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -suprofen B-Chemical -on O -the O -isolated O -perfused O -rat O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -suprofen B-Chemical -has O -been O -associated O -with O -the O -development O -of O -acute O -renal O -failure O -in O -greater O -than O -100 O -subjects O -, O -the O -mechanism O -of O -damage O -remains O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -direct O -nephrotoxic O -effects O -of O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -15 O -mg O -of O -suprofen B-Chemical -were O -compared O -in O -the O -recirculating O -isolated O -rat O -kidney O -perfused O -with O -cell O -- O -free O -buffer O -with O -or O -without O -the O -addition O -of O -5 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -significant O -differences O -in O -renal O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -, O -or O -urinary O -flow O -rates O -in O -kidneys O -perfused O -with O -suprofen B-Chemical -compared O -with O -the O -drug O -- O -free O -control O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -a O -significant O -decline O -in O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -was O -found O -after O -the O -introduction O -of O -suprofen B-Chemical -to O -the O -kidney O -perfused O -with O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -; O -no O -changes O -were O -found O -with O -suprofen B-Chemical -in O -the O -absence O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -decrease O -in O -the O -baseline O -excretion O -rate O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -found O -in O -rats O -given O -suprofen B-Chemical -, O -compared O -with O -drug O -- O -free O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -fractional O -excretion O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -unchanged O -between O -the O -groups O -over O -the O -experimental O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -summary O -, O -suprofen B-Chemical -causes O -acute O -declines O -in O -renal O -function O -, O -most O -likely O -by O -directly O -altering O -the O -intrarenal O -distribution O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Microinjection O -of O -ritanserin B-Chemical -into O -the O -CA1 O -region O -of O -hippocampus O -improves O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -amnesia O -in O -adult O -male O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -ritanserin B-Chemical -( O -5 O -- O -HT2 O -antagonist O -) O -on O -scopolamine B-Chemical -( O -muscarinic O -cholinergic O -antagonist O -) O -- O -induced O -amnesia O -in O -Morris O -water O -maze O -( O -MWM O -) O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -were O -divided O -into O -eight O -groups O -and O -bilaterally O -cannulated O -into O -CA1 O -region O -of O -the O -hippocampus O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -week O -later O -, O -they O -received O -repeatedly O -vehicles O -( O -saline O -, O -DMSO B-Chemical -, O -saline O -+ O -DMSO B-Chemical -) O -, O -scopolamine B-Chemical -( O -2 O -microg O -/ O -0 O -. O -5 O -microl O -saline O -/ O -side O -; O -30 O -min O -before O -training O -) O -, O -ritanserin B-Chemical -( O -2 O -, O -4 O -and O -8 O -microg O -/ O -0 O -. O -5 O -microl O -DMSO B-Chemical -/ O -side O -; O -20 O -min O -before O -training O -) O -and O -scopolamine B-Chemical -( O -2 O -microg O -/ O -0 O -. O -5 O -microl O -; O -30 O -min O -before O -ritanserin B-Chemical -injection O -) O -+ O -ritanserin B-Chemical -( O -4 O -microg O -/ O -0 O -. O -5 O -microl O -DMSO B-Chemical -) O -through O -cannulae O -each O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -were O -tested O -for O -four O -consecutive O -days O -( O -4 O -trial O -/ O -day O -) O -in O -MWM O -during O -which O -the O -position O -of O -hidden O -platform O -was O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -fifth O -day O -, O -the O -platform O -was O -elevated O -above O -the O -water O -surface O -in O -another O -position O -to O -evaluate O -the O -function O -of O -motor O -, O -motivational O -and O -visual O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -showed O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -escape O -latencies O -and O -traveled O -distances O -to O -find O -platform O -in O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -group O -as O -compared O -to O -saline O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Ritanserin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -( O -4 O -microg O -/ O -0 O -. O -5 O -microl O -/ O -side O -) O -showed O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -the O -mentioned O -parameters O -as O -compared O -to O -DMSO B-Chemical -- O -treated O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -scopolamine B-Chemical -and O -ritanserin B-Chemical -co O -- O -administration O -resulted O -in O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -escape O -latencies O -and O -traveled O -distances O -as O -compared O -to O -the O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -findings O -show O -that O -microinjection O -of O -ritanserin B-Chemical -into O -the O -CA1 O -region O -of O -the O -hippocampus O -improves O -the O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -amnesia O -. O - -aps B-category -PTU B-Chemical -- O -associated O -vasculitis O -in O -a O -girl O -with O -Turner O -Syndrome O -and O -Graves O -' O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Palpable O -purpura O -is O -a O -concerning O -clinical O -finding O -in O -pediatric O -patients O -and O -can O -have O -many O -causes O -, O -including O -infectious O -and O -autoimmune O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rare O -cause O -, O -drug O -- O -induced O -vasculitis O -, O -may O -result O -from O -the O -production O -of O -antineutrophil O -cytoplasmic O -antibodies O -( O -ANCAs O -) O -in O -response O -to O -a O -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -girl O -with O -Turner O -syndrome O -and O -Graves O -' O -disease O -who O -presented O -with O -palpable O -purpuric O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diagnosis O -of O -propylthiouracil B-Chemical -( O -PTU B-Chemical -) O -- O -associated O -vasculitis O -was O -made O -by O -observation O -of O -consistent O -clinical O -features O -, O -the O -detection O -of O -elevated O -ANA O -and O -ANCA O -in O -the O -blood O -, O -and O -the O -observed O -clinical O -resolution O -of O -symptoms O -following O -withdrawal O -of O -PTU B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequent O -treatment O -of O -persistent O -hyperthyroidism O -with O -radioablation O -did O -not O -result O -in O -an O -exacerbation O -of O -the O -vasculitis O -, O -a O -complication O -described O -in O -prior O -case O -reports O -. O - -aps B-category -Daidzein B-Chemical -activates O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -from O -MC O -- O -IXC O -cells O -and O -improves O -drug O -- O -induced O -amnesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -( O -ChAT O -) O -activator O -, O -which O -enhances O -cholinergic O -transmission O -via O -an O -augmentation O -of O -the O -enzymatic O -production O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -ACh B-Chemical -) O -, O -is O -an O -important O -factor O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -Alzheimer O -' O -s O -disease O -( O -AD O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Methanolic O -extracts O -from O -Pueraria O -thunbergiana O -exhibited O -an O -activation O -effect O -( O -46 O -% O -) O -on O -ChAT O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Via O -the O -sequential O -isolation O -of O -Pueraria O -thunbergiana O -, O -the O -active O -component O -was O -ultimately O -identified O -as O -daidzein B-Chemical -( O -4 B-Chemical -' I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isoflavone I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -investigate O -the O -effects O -of O -daidzein B-Chemical -from O -Pueraria O -thunbergiana O -on O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -impairments O -of O -learning O -and O -memory O -, O -we O -conducted O -a O -series O -of O -in O -vivo O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -daidzein B-Chemical -( O -4 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -) O -to O -mice O -was O -shown O -significantly O -to O -reverse O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -amnesia O -, O -according O -to O -the O -results O -of O -a O -Y O -- O -maze O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Injections O -of O -scopolamine B-Chemical -into O -mice O -resulted O -in O -impaired O -performance O -on O -Y O -- O -maze O -tests O -( O -a O -37 O -% O -decreases O -in O -alternation O -behavior O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -way O -of O -contrast O -, O -mice O -treated O -with O -daidzein B-Chemical -prior O -to O -the O -scopolamine B-Chemical -injections O -were O -noticeably O -protected O -from O -this O -performance O -impairment O -( O -an O -approximately O -12 O -% O -- O -21 O -% O -decrease O -in O -alternation O -behavior O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -daidzein B-Chemical -might O -play O -a O -role O -in O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -as O -a O -ChAT O -activator O -, O -and O -that O -it O -also O -ameliorates O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -amnesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -symptoms O -and O -quality O -of O -life O -changes O -in O -Thai O -women O -with O -overactive O -bladder O -after O -tolterodine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -To O -study O -the O -urinary O -symptoms O -and O -quality O -of O -life O -changes O -in O -Thai O -women O -with O -overactive O -bladder O -( O -OAB O -) O -after O -tolterodine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -MATERIAL O -AND O -METHOD O -: O -Thirty O -women O -( O -aged O -30 O -- O -77 O -years O -) O -diagnosed O -as O -having O -OAB O -at O -the O -Gynecology O -Clinic O -, O -King O -Chulalongkorn O -Memorial O -Hospital O -from O -January O -to O -April O -2004 O -were O -included O -in O -the O -present O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Tolterodine B-Chemical -2 O -mg O -, O -twice O -daily O -was O -given O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -8 O -weeks O -treatment O -, O -changes O -in O -micturition O -diary O -variables O -and O -tolerability O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Short O -form O -36 O -( O -SF36 O -) O -questionaires O -( O -Thai O -version O -) O -were O -given O -before O -and O -after O -8 O -weeks O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -At O -8 O -weeks O -, O -all O -micturition O -per O -day O -decreased O -from O -16 O -. O - -aps B-category -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -to O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -4 O -times O -per O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -nocturia O -episodes O -decreased O -from O -5 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -2 O -to O -1 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -times O -per O -night O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -common O -side O -effect O -was O -dry O -month O -in O -5 O -cases O -( O -16 O -. O -7 O -% O -) O -with O -2 O -cases O -reporting O -a O -moderate O -degree O -and O -1 O -case O -with O -severe O -degree O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -one O -case O -( O -3 O -. O -3 O -% O -) O -withdrew O -from O -the O -present O -study O -due O -to O -a O -severe O -dry O -mouth O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -SF O -- O -36 O -scores O -changed O -significantly O -in O -the O -domains O -of O -physical O -functioning O -, O -role O -function O -emotional O -, O -social O -function O -and O -mental O -heath O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Tolterodine B-Chemical -was O -well O -tolerated O -and O -its O -effects O -improved O -the O -quality O -of O -life O -in O -Thai O -women O -with O -OAB O -. O - -aps B-category -Remifentanil B-Chemical -pretreatment O -reduces O -myoclonus O -after O -etomidate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -STUDY O -OBJECTIVE O -: O -The O -aim O -of O -the O -study O -was O -to O -compare O -the O -effect O -of O -pretreatment O -with O -remifentanil B-Chemical -1 O -microg O -/ O -kg O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -gender O -on O -the O -incidence O -of O -myoclonus O -after O -anesthesia O -induction O -with O -etomidate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -This O -was O -a O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -SETTING O -: O -The O -study O -was O -conducted O -at O -a O -university O -hospital O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -: O -Sixty O -patients O -were O -pretreated O -in O -a O -randomized O -double O -- O -blinded O -fashion O -with O -remifentanil B-Chemical -1 O -microg O -/ O -kg O -or O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -minutes O -after O -remifentanil B-Chemical -or O -placebo O -injection O -, O -etomidate B-Chemical -0 O -. O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -was O -given O -. O - -aps B-category -MEASUREMENTS O -: O -Myoclonus O -was O -recorded O -with O -a O -scale O -of O -0 O -to O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -grade O -of O -sedation O -( O -none O -, O -mild O -, O -moderate O -, O -severe O -) O -, O -nausea O -, O -pruritus O -, O -and O -apnea O -were O -recorded O -after O -injection O -of O -both O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -MAIN O -RESULTS O -: O -The O -incidence O -of O -myoclonus O -was O -significantly O -lower O -in O -the O -remifentanil B-Chemical -group O -( O -6 O -. O -7 O -% O -) O -than O -in O -the O -placebo O -group O -( O -70 O -% O -) O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -patients O -experienced O -sedation O -, O -apnea O -, O -nausea O -, O -or O -pruritus O -after O -injection O -of O -both O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -placebo O -group O -, O -male O -patients O -were O -associated O -with O -significantly O -increased O -incidence O -of O -myoclonus O -after O -etomidate B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Pretreatment O -with O -remifentanil B-Chemical -1 O -microg O -/ O -kg O -reduced O -myoclonus O -after O -etomidate B-Chemical -induction O -without O -side O -effects O -such O -as O -sedation O -, O -apnea O -, O -nausea O -, O -or O -pruritus O -. O - -aps B-category -Men O -experience O -increased O -incidence O -of O -myoclonus O -than O -women O -after O -etomidate B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Memory O -function O -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -transporter O -promoter O -gene O -polymorphism O -in O -ecstasy B-Chemical -( O -MDMA B-Chemical -) O -users O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -3 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylenedioxymethamphetamine I-Chemical -( O -MDMA B-Chemical -or O -ecstasy B-Chemical -) O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -damage O -brain O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -neurons O -in O -animals O -and O -possibly O -humans O -, O -little O -is O -known O -about O -the O -long O -- O -term O -consequences O -of O -MDMA B-Chemical -- O -induced O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -neurotoxic O -lesions O -on O -functions O -in O -which O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -is O -involved O -, O -such O -as O -cognitive O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -transporters O -play O -a O -key O -element O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -synaptic O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -transmission O -it O -may O -be O -important O -to O -control O -for O -the O -potential O -covariance O -effect O -of O -a O -polymorphism O -in O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -transporter O -promoter O -gene O -region O -( O -5 O -- O -HTTLPR O -) O -when O -studying O -the O -effects O -of O -MDMA B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -cognitive O -functioning O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -the O -study O -was O -to O -investigate O -the O -effects O -of O -moderate O -and O -heavy O -MDMA B-Chemical -use O -on O -cognitive O -function O -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -effects O -of O -long O -- O -term O -abstention O -from O -MDMA B-Chemical -, O -in O -subjects O -genotyped O -for O -5 O -- O -HTTLPR O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -second O -aim O -of O -the O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -whether O -these O -effects O -differ O -for O -females O -and O -males O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifteen O -moderate O -MDMA B-Chemical -users O -( O -< O -55 O -lifetime O -tablets O -) O -, O -22 O -heavy O -MDMA B-Chemical -+ O -users O -( O -> O -55 O -lifetime O -tablets O -) O -, O -16 O -ex O -- O -MDMA B-Chemical -+ O -users O -( O -last O -tablet O -> O -1 O -year O -ago O -) O -and O -13 O -controls O -were O -compared O -on O -a O -battery O -of O -neuropsychological O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -DNA O -from O -peripheral O -nuclear O -blood O -cells O -was O -genotyped O -for O -5 O -- O -HTTLPR O -using O -standard O -polymerase O -chain O -reaction O -methods O -. O -A O -significant O -group O -effect O -was O -observed O -only O -on O -memory O -function O -tasks O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -04 O -) O -but O -not O -on O -reaction O -times O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -61 O -) O -or O -attention O -/ O -executive O -functioning O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -59 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Heavy O -and O -ex O -- O -MDMA B-Chemical -+ O -users O -performed O -significantly O -poorer O -on O -memory O -tasks O -than O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -no O -evidence O -of O -memory O -impairment O -was O -observed O -in O -moderate O -MDMA B-Chemical -users O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -effect O -of O -5 O -- O -HTTLPR O -or O -gender O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -the O -use O -of O -MDMA B-Chemical -in O -quantities O -that O -may O -be O -considered O -" O -moderate O -" O -is O -not O -associated O -with O -impaired O -memory O -functioning O -, O -heavy O -use O -of O -MDMA B-Chemical -use O -may O -lead O -to O -long O -lasting O -memory O -impairments O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -effect O -of O -5 O -- O -HTTLPR O -or O -gender O -on O -memory O -function O -or O -MDMA B-Chemical -use O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -mangiferin B-Chemical -on O -biochemical O -alterations O -and O -antioxidant O -status O -in O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -infarction O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -current O -study O -dealt O -with O -the O -protective O -role O -of O -mangiferin B-Chemical -, O -a O -polyphenol B-Chemical -from O -Mangifera O -indica O -Linn O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -Anacardiaceae O -) O -, O -on O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -ISPH B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -myocardial O -infarction O -( O -MI O -) O -in O -rats O -through O -its O -antioxidative O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Subcutaneous O -injection O -of O -ISPH B-Chemical -( O -200 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -in O -1 O -ml O -saline O -) O -to O -rats O -for O -2 O -consecutive O -days O -caused O -myocardial O -damage O -in O -rat O -heart O -, O -which O -was O -determined O -by O -the O -increased O -activity O -of O -serum O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -LDH O -) O -and O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphokinase O -isoenzymes O -( O -CK O -- O -MB O -) O -, O -increased O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -level O -and O -reduced O -plasma O -iron B-Chemical -binding O -capacity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protective O -role O -of O -mangiferin B-Chemical -was O -analyzed O -by O -triphenyl B-Chemical -tetrazolium I-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -( O -TTC B-Chemical -) O -test O -used O -for O -macroscopic O -enzyme O -mapping O -assay O -of O -the O -ischemic O -myocardium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heart O -tissue O -antioxidant O -enzymes O -such O -as O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -, O -catalase O -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -peroxidase O -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -transferase O -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -activities O -, O -non O -- O -enzymic O -antioxidants O -such O -as O -cerruloplasmin O -, O -Vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -, O -Vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -levels O -were O -altered O -in O -MI O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Upon O -pretreatment O -with O -mangiferin B-Chemical -( O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -suspended O -in O -2 O -ml O -of O -dimethyl B-Chemical -sulphoxide I-Chemical -) O -given O -intraperitoneally O -for O -28 O -days O -to O -MI O -rats O -protected O -the O -above O -- O -mentioned O -parameters O -to O -fall O -from O -the O -normal O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Activities O -of O -heart O -tissue O -enzymic O -antioxidants O -and O -serum O -non O -- O -enzymic O -antioxidants O -levels O -rose O -significantly O -upon O -mangiferin B-Chemical -administration O -as O -compared O -to O -ISPH B-Chemical -- O -induced O -MI O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -present O -study O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -mangiferin B-Chemical -exerts O -a O -beneficial O -effect O -against O -ISPH B-Chemical -- O -induced O -MI O -due O -to O -its O -antioxidant O -potential O -, O -which O -regulated O -the O -tissues O -defense O -system O -against O -cardiac O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiovascular O -risk O -with O -cyclooxygenase B-Chemical -inhibitors I-Chemical -: O -general O -problem O -with O -substance O -specific O -differences O -? O - -aps B-category -Randomised O -clinical O -trials O -and O -observational O -studies O -have O -shown O -an O -increased O -risk O -of O -myocardial O -infarction O -, O -stroke O -, O -hypertension O -and O -heart O -failure O -during O -treatment O -with O -cyclooxygenase B-Chemical -inhibitors I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -cardiovascular O -effects O -occurred O -mainly O -, O -but O -not O -exclusively O -, O -in O -patients O -with O -concomitant O -risk O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclooxygenase B-Chemical -inhibitors I-Chemical -cause O -complex O -changes O -in O -renal O -, O -vascular O -and O -cardiac O -prostanoid O -profiles O -thereby O -increasing O -vascular O -resistance O -and O -fluid O -retention O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -cardiovascular O -adverse O -events O -tends O -to O -increase O -with O -the O -daily O -dose O -and O -total O -exposure O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -individual O -selective O -and O -unselective O -cyclooxygenase B-Chemical -inhibitors I-Chemical -suggests O -substance O -- O -specific O -differences O -, O -which O -may O -depend O -on O -differences O -in O -pharmacokinetic O -parameters O -or O -inhibitory O -potency O -and O -may O -be O -contributed O -by O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -- O -independent O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Diagnostic O -markers O -such O -as O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -terminal I-Chemical -pro I-Chemical -brain I-Chemical -natriuretic I-Chemical -peptide I-Chemical -( O -NT B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -proBNP I-Chemical -) O -or O -high O -- O -sensitive O -C O -- O -reactive O -protein O -might O -help O -in O -the O -early O -identification O -of O -patients O -at O -risk O -, O -thus O -avoiding O -the O -occurrence O -of O -serious O -cardiovascular O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Pilocarpine B-Chemical -seizures O -cause O -age O -- O -dependent O -impairment O -in O -auditory O -location O -discrimination O -. O - -aps B-category -Children O -who O -have O -status O -epilepticus O -have O -continuous O -or O -rapidly O -repeating O -seizures O -that O -may O -be O -life O -- O -threatening O -and O -may O -cause O -life O -- O -long O -changes O -in O -brain O -and O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extent O -to O -which O -status O -epilepticus O -causes O -deficits O -in O -auditory O -discrimination O -is O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -naturalistic O -auditory O -location O -discrimination O -method O -was O -used O -to O -evaluate O -this O -question O -using O -an O -animal O -model O -of O -status O -epilepticus O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -were O -injected O -with O -saline O -on O -postnatal O -day O -( O -P O -) O -20 O -, O -or O -a O -convulsant O -dose O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -on O -P20 O -or O -P45 O -. O - -aps B-category -Pilocarpine B-Chemical -on O -either O -day O -induced O -status O -epilepticus O -; O -status O -epilepticus O -at O -P45 O -resulted O -in O -CA3 O -cell O -loss O -and O -spontaneous O -seizures O -, O -whereas O -P20 O -rats O -had O -no O -cell O -loss O -or O -spontaneous O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Mature O -rats O -were O -trained O -with O -sound O -- O -source O -location O -and O -sound O -- O -silence O -discriminations O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -( O -saline O -P20 O -) O -rats O -acquired O -both O -discriminations O -immediately O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -status O -epilepticus O -( O -P20 O -) O -rats O -, O -acquisition O -of O -the O -sound O -- O -source O -location O -discrimination O -was O -moderately O -impaired O -. O - -aps B-category -Status O -epilepticus O -( O -P45 O -) O -rats O -failed O -to O -acquire O -either O -sound O -- O -source O -location O -or O -sound O -- O -silence O -discriminations O -. O - -aps B-category -Status O -epilepticus O -in O -rat O -causes O -an O -age O -- O -dependent O -, O -long O -- O -term O -impairment O -in O -auditory O -discrimination O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -impairment O -may O -explain O -one O -cause O -of O -impaired O -auditory O -location O -discrimination O -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -Nerve O -growth O -factor O -and O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -in O -the O -urine O -of O -female O -patients O -with O -overactive O -bladder O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -NGF O -and O -PGs B-Chemical -in O -the O -bladder O -can O -be O -affected O -by O -pathological O -changes O -in O -the O -bladder O -and O -these O -changes O -can O -be O -detected O -in O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -investigated O -changes O -in O -urinary O -NGF O -and O -PGs B-Chemical -in O -women O -with O -OAB O -. O - -aps B-category -MATERIALS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -The O -study O -groups O -included O -65 O -women O -with O -OAB O -and O -20 O -without O -bladder O -symptoms O -who O -served O -as O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -included O -patient O -history O -, O -urinalysis O -, O -a O -voiding O -diary O -and O -urodynamic O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Urine O -samples O -were O -collected O -. O - -aps B-category -NGF O -, O -PGE2 B-Chemical -, O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -and O -PGI2 B-Chemical -were O -measured O -using O -enzyme O -- O -linked O -immunosorbent O -assay O -and O -compared O -between O -the O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -correlations O -between O -urinary O -NGF O -and O -PG B-Chemical -, O -and O -urodynamic O -parameters O -in O -patients O -with O -OAB O -were O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Urinary O -NGF O -, O -PGE2 B-Chemical -and O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -were O -significantly O -increased O -in O -patients O -with O -OAB O -compared O -with O -controls O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -urinary O -PGI2 B-Chemical -was O -not O -different O -between O -controls O -and O -patients O -with O -OAB O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -with O -OAB O -urinary O -PGE2 B-Chemical -positively O -correlated O -with O -volume O -at O -first O -desire O -to O -void O -and O -maximum O -cystometric O -capacity O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -NGF O -, O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -and O -PGI2 B-Chemical -did O -not O -correlate O -with O -urodynamic O -parameters O -in O -patients O -with O -OAB O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -NGF O -and O -PGs B-Chemical -have O -important O -roles O -in O -the O -development O -of O -OAB O -symptoms O -in O -female O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -levels O -of O -these O -factors O -may O -be O -used O -as O -markers O -to O -evaluate O -OAB O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Definition O -and O -management O -of O -anemia O -in O -patients O -infected O -with O -hepatitis O -C O -virus O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -infection O -with O -hepatitis O -C O -virus O -( O -HCV O -) O -can O -progress O -to O -cirrhosis O -, O -hepatocellular O -carcinoma O -, O -and O -end O -- O -stage O -liver O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -current O -best O -treatment O -for O -HCV O -infection O -is O -combination O -therapy O -with O -pegylated O -interferon B-Chemical -and O -ribavirin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -this O -regimen O -produces O -sustained O -virologic O -responses O -( O -SVRs O -) O -in O -approximately O -50 O -% O -of O -patients O -, O -it O -can O -be O -associated O -with O -a O -potentially O -dose O -- O -limiting O -hemolytic O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemoglobin O -concentrations O -decrease O -mainly O -as O -a O -result O -of O -ribavirin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hemolysis O -, O -and O -this O -anemia O -can O -be O -problematic O -in O -patients O -with O -HCV O -infection O -, O -especially O -those O -who O -have O -comorbid O -renal O -or O -cardiovascular O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -general O -, O -anemia O -can O -increase O -the O -risk O -of O -morbidity O -and O -mortality O -, O -and O -may O -have O -negative O -effects O -on O -cerebral O -function O -and O -quality O -of O -life O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -ribavirin B-Chemical -- O -associated O -anemia O -can O -be O -reversed O -by O -dose O -reduction O -or O -discontinuation O -, O -this O -approach O -compromises O -outcomes O -by O -significantly O -decreasing O -SVR O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -Recombinant O -human O -erythropoietin O -has O -been O -used O -to O -manage O -ribavirin B-Chemical -- O -associated O -anemia O -but O -has O -other O -potential O -disadvantages O -. O - -aps B-category -Viramidine B-Chemical -, O -a O -liver O -- O -targeting O -prodrug O -of O -ribavirin B-Chemical -, O -has O -the O -potential O -to O -maintain O -the O -virologic O -efficacy O -of O -ribavirin B-Chemical -while O -decreasing O -the O -risk O -of O -hemolytic O -anemia O -in O -patients O -with O -chronic O -hepatitis O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -Impact O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -exposure O -after O -pregnancy O -recognition O -on O -ultrasonographic O -fetal O -growth O -measures O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -More O -than O -3 O -decades O -after O -Jones O -and O -Smith O -( O -1973 O -) O -reported O -on O -the O -devastation O -caused O -by O -alcohol B-Chemical -exposure O -on O -fetal O -development O -, O -the O -rates O -of O -heavy O -drinking O -during O -pregnancy O -remain O -relatively O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Early O -identification O -of O -fetal O -alcohol B-Chemical -exposure O -and O -maternal O -abstinence O -led O -to O -better O -infant O -outcomes O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -examined O -the O -utility O -of O -biometry O -for O -detecting O -alcohol B-Chemical -- O -related O -fetal O -growth O -impairment O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -obtained O -fetal O -ultrasound O -measures O -from O -routine O -ultrasound O -examinations O -for O -167 O -pregnant O -hazardous O -drinkers O -who O -were O -enrolled O -in O -a O -brief O -alcohol B-Chemical -intervention O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fetal O -measures O -for O -women O -who O -quit O -after O -learning O -of O -their O -pregnancies O -were O -compared O -with O -measures O -for O -women O -who O -continued O -some O -drinking O -throughout O -the O -course O -of O -their O -pregnancies O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -intensity O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -consumption O -is O -associated O -with O -poorer O -fetal O -outcomes O -, O -separate O -analyses O -were O -conducted O -for O -the O -heavy O -( O -average O -of O -> O -or O -= O -5 O -drinks O -per O -drinking O -day O -) O -alcohol B-Chemical -consumers O -. O - -aps B-category -Fetal O -measures O -from O -the O -heavy O -- O -exposed O -fetuses O -were O -also O -compared O -with O -measures O -from O -a O -nondrinking O -group O -that O -was O -representative O -of O -normal O -, O -uncomplicated O -pregnancies O -from O -our O -clinics O -. O - -aps B-category -Analyses O -of O -covariance O -were O -used O -to O -determine O -whether O -there O -were O -differences O -between O -groups O -after O -controlling O -for O -influences O -of O -gestational O -age O -and O -drug O -abuse O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Nearly O -half O -of O -the O -pregnant O -drinkers O -abstained O -after O -learning O -of O -their O -pregnancies O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -women O -reportedly O -quit O -drinking O -early O -in O -their O -pregnancies O -, O -fetal O -growth O -measures O -were O -not O -significantly O -different O -from O -a O -non O -- O -alcohol B-Chemical -- O -exposed O -group O -, O -regardless O -of O -prior O -drinking O -patterns O -. O - -aps B-category -Any O -alcohol B-Chemical -consumption O -postpregnancy O -recognition O -among O -the O -heavy O -drinkers O -resulted O -in O -reduced O -cerebellar O -growth O -as O -well O -as O -decreased O -cranial O -to O -body O -growth O -in O -comparison O -with O -women O -who O -either O -quit O -drinking O -or O -who O -were O -nondrinkers O -. O - -aps B-category -Amphetamine B-Chemical -abuse O -was O -predictive O -of O -larger O -cranial O -to O -body O -growth O -ratios O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Alterations O -in O -fetal O -biometric O -measurements O -were O -observed O -among O -the O -heavy O -drinkers O -only O -when O -they O -continued O -drinking O -after O -becoming O -aware O -of O -their O -pregnancies O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -reliance O -on O -self O -- O -reported O -drinking O -is O -a O -limitation O -in O -this O -study O -, O -these O -findings O -support O -the O -benefits O -of O -early O -abstinence O -and O -the O -potential O -for O -ultrasound O -examinations O -in O -the O -detection O -of O -fetal O -alcohol B-Chemical -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethambutol B-Chemical -- O -associated O -optic O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -INTRODUCTION O -: O -Ethambutol B-Chemical -is O -used O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -tuberculosis O -, O -which O -is O -still O -prevalent O -in O -Southeast O -Asia O -, O -and O -can O -be O -associated O -with O -permanent O -visual O -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -3 O -cases O -which O -presented O -with O -bitemporal O -hemianopia O -. O - -aps B-category -CLINICAL O -PICTURE O -: O -Three O -patients O -with O -ethambutol B-Chemical -- O -associated O -toxic O -optic O -neuropathy O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -3 O -patients O -had O -loss O -of O -central O -visual O -acuity O -, O -colour O -vision O -( O -Ishihara O -) O -and O -visual O -field O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -visual O -field O -loss O -had O -a O -bitemporal O -flavour O -, O -suggesting O -involvement O -of O -the O -optic O -chiasm O -. O - -aps B-category -TREATMENT O -: O -Despite O -stopping O -ethambutol B-Chemical -on O -diagnosis O -, O -visual O -function O -continued O -to O -deteriorate O -for O -a O -few O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequent O -improvement O -was O -mild O -in O -2 O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -third O -case O -, O -visual O -acuity O -and O -colour O -vision O -normalised O -but O -the O -optic O -discs O -were O -pale O -. O - -aps B-category -OUTCOME O -: O -All O -3 O -patients O -had O -some O -permanent O -loss O -of O -visual O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Ethambutol B-Chemical -usage O -is O -associated O -with O -permanent O -visual O -loss O -and O -should O -be O -avoided O -if O -possible O -or O -used O -with O -caution O -and O -proper O -ophthalmological O -follow O -- O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -author O -postulates O -that O -in O -cases O -of O -ethambutol B-Chemical -associated O -chiasmopathy O -, O -ethambutol B-Chemical -may O -initially O -affect O -the O -optic O -nerves O -and O -subsequently O -progress O -to O -involve O -the O -optic O -chiasm O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -neuroleptic O -malignant O -syndrome O -related O -to O -concomitant O -treatment O -with O -paroxetine B-Chemical -and O -alprazolam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -74 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -with O -depressive O -symptoms O -was O -admitted O -to O -a O -psychiatric O -hospital O -due O -to O -insomnia O -, O -loss O -of O -appetite O -, O -exhaustion O -, O -and O -agitation O -. O - -aps B-category -Medical O -treatment O -was O -initiated O -at O -a O -daily O -dose O -of O -20 O -mg O -paroxetine B-Chemical -and O -1 O -. O -2 O -mg O -alprazolam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -10th O -day O -of O -paroxetine B-Chemical -and O -alprazolam B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -the O -patient O -exhibited O -marked O -psychomotor O -retardation O -, O -disorientation O -, O -and O -severe O -muscle O -rigidity O -with O -tremors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -had O -a O -fever O -( O -38 O -. O -2 O -degrees O -C O -) O -, O -fluctuating O -blood O -pressure O -( O -between O -165 O -/ O -90 O -and O -130 O -/ O -70 O -mg O -mm O -Hg O -) O -, O -and O -severe O -extrapyramidal O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Laboratory O -tests O -showed O -an O -elevation O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphokinase O -( O -2218 O -IU O -/ O -L O -) O -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -134 O -IU O -/ O -L O -) O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -78 O -IU O -/ O -L O -) O -, O -and O -BUN O -( O -27 O -. O -9 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -) O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -received O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -to O -treat O -his O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -7 O -days O -later O -, O -the O -fever O -disappeared O -and O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -serum O -CPK O -levels O -were O -normalized O -( O -175 O -IU O -/ O -L O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -patient O -presented O -with O -symptoms O -of O -neuroleptic O -malignant O -syndrome O -( O -NMS O -) O -, O -thus O -demonstrating O -that O -NMS O -- O -like O -symptoms O -can O -occur O -after O -combined O -paroxetine B-Chemical -and O -alprazolam B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adverse O -drug O -reaction O -score O -obtained O -by O -the O -Naranjo O -algorithm O -was O -6 O -in O -our O -case O -, O -indicating O -a O -probable O -relationship O -between O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -NMS O -- O -like O -adverse O -symptoms O -and O -the O -combined O -treatment O -used O -in O -this O -case O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -involvement O -of O -physiologic O -and O -environmental O -aspects O -specific O -to O -this O -patient O -was O -suspected O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -risk O -factors O -for O -NMS O -should O -be O -noted O -in O -elderly O -depressive O -patients O -whose O -symptoms O -often O -include O -dehydration O -, O -agitation O -, O -malnutrition O -, O -and O -exhaustion O -. O - -aps B-category -Careful O -therapeutic O -intervention O -is O -necessary O -in O -cases O -involving O -elderly O -patients O -who O -suffer O -from O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -Down O -- O -regulation O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -transporter O -function O -induced O -by O -chronic O -administration O -of O -desipramine B-Chemical -linking O -to O -the O -alteration O -of O -sensitivity O -of O -local O -- O -anesthetics O -- O -induced O -convulsions O -and O -the O -counteraction O -by O -co O -- O -administration O -with O -local O -anesthetics O -. O - -aps B-category -Alterations O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -transporter O -( O -NET O -) O -function O -by O -chronic O -inhibition O -of O -NET O -in O -relation O -to O -sensitization O -to O -seizures O -induce O -by O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -local O -anesthetics O -were O -studied O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Daily O -administration O -of O -desipramine B-Chemical -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -the O -NET O -, O -for O -5 O -days O -decreased O -[ O -( O -3 O -) O -H O -] O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -the O -P2 O -fractions O -of O -hippocampus O -but O -not O -cortex O -, O -striatum O -or O -amygdalae O -. O - -aps B-category -Co O -- O -administration O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -, O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -or O -tricaine B-Chemical -with O -desipramine B-Chemical -reversed O -this O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Daily O -treatment O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -increased O -[ O -( O -3 O -) O -H O -] O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -uptake O -into O -the O -hippocampus O -. O - -aps B-category -Daily O -administration O -of O -desipramine B-Chemical -increased O -the O -incidence O -of O -appearance O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -convulsions O -and O -decreased O -that O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -Co O -- O -administration O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -with O -desipramine B-Chemical -reversed O -the O -changes O -of O -convulsive O -activity O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -and O -cocaine B-Chemical -induced O -by O -repeated O -administration O -of O -desipramine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -down O -- O -regulation O -of O -hippocampal O -NET O -induced O -by O -chronic O -administration O -of O -desipramine B-Chemical -may O -be O -relevant O -to O -desipramine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -sensitization O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -Na B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -channels O -by O -local O -anesthetics O -may O -regulate O -desipramine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -down O -- O -regulation O -of O -NET O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Repeated O -administration O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -induces O -up O -- O -regulation O -of O -hippocampal O -NET O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Desipramine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -sensitization O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -seizures O -may O -have O -a O -mechanism O -distinct O -from O -kindling O -resulting O -from O -repeated O -administration O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Atorvastatin B-Chemical -prevented O -and O -reversed O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -assess O -the O -antioxidant O -effects O -of O -atorvastatin B-Chemical -( O -atorva B-Chemical -) O -on O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -( O -dex B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -hypertension O -, O -60 O -male O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -were O -treated O -with O -atorva B-Chemical -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -or O -tap O -water O -for O -15 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Dex B-Chemical -increased O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -( O -SBP O -) O -from O -109 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -8 O -to O -135 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -6 O -mmHg O -and O -plasma O -superoxide B-Chemical -( O -5711 O -+ O -/ O -- O -284 O -. O -9 O -saline O -, O -7931 O -+ O -/ O -- O -392 O -. O -8 O -U O -/ O -ml O -dex B-Chemical -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -prevention O -study O -, O -SBP O -in O -the O -atorva B-Chemical -+ O -dex B-Chemical -group O -was O -increased O -from O -115 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -4 O -to O -124 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -5 O -mmHg O -, O -but O -this O -was O -significantly O -lower O -than O -in O -the O -dex B-Chemical -- O -only O -group O -( O -P O -' O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Atorva B-Chemical -reversed O -dex B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -( O -129 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -6 O -mmHg O -, O -vs O -. O -135 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -6 O -mmHg O -P O -' O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -and O -decreased O -plasma O -superoxide B-Chemical -( O -7931 O -+ O -/ O -- O -392 O -. O -8 O -dex B-Chemical -, O -1187 O -+ O -/ O -- O -441 O -. O -2 O -atorva B-Chemical -+ O -dex B-Chemical -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -0001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -nitrate B-Chemical -/ O -nitrite B-Chemical -( O -NOx O -) O -was O -decreased O -in O -dex B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -compared O -to O -saline O -- O -treated O -rats O -( O -11 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -08 O -microm O -, O -15 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -17 O -microm O -, O -respectively O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Atorva B-Chemical -affected O -neither O -plasma O -NOx O -nor O -thymus O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -atorvastatin B-Chemical -prevented O -and O -reversed O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Peripheral O -neuropathy O -caused O -by O -high O -- O -dose O -cytosine B-Chemical -arabinoside I-Chemical -treatment O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -acute O -myeloid O -leukemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -central O -nervous O -system O -toxicity O -of O -high O -- O -dose O -cytosine B-Chemical -arabinoside I-Chemical -is O -well O -recognized O -, O -but O -the O -toxicity O -of O -cytosine B-Chemical -arabinoside I-Chemical -in O -the O -peripheral O -nervous O -system O -has O -been O -infrequently O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -49 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -Japanese O -man O -was O -diagnosed O -with O -acute O -myeloid O -leukemia O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -he O -achieved O -complete O -remission O -, O -he O -received O -high O -- O -dose O -cytosine B-Chemical -arabinoside I-Chemical -treatment O -( O -2 O -g O -/ O -m2 O -twice O -a O -day O -for O -5 O -days O -; O -total O -, O -20 O -g O -/ O -m2 O -) O -as O -consolidation O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -course O -of O -high O -- O -dose O -cytosine B-Chemical -arabinoside I-Chemical -resulted O -in O -no O -unusual O -symptoms O -, O -but O -on O -day O -21 O -of O -the O -second O -course O -of O -treatment O -, O -the O -patient O -complained O -of O -numbness O -in O -his O -right O -foot O -. O - -aps B-category -Electromyogram O -and O -nerve O -- O -conduction O -studies O -showed O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -in O -both O -peroneal O -nerves O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -neuropathy O -was O -gradually O -resolving O -; O -however O -, O -after O -the O -patient O -received O -allogeneic O -bone O -marrow O -transplantation O -, O -the O -symptoms O -worsened O -, O -with O -the O -development O -of O -graft O -- O -versus O -- O -host O -disease O -, O -and O -the O -symptoms O -subsequently O -responded O -to O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -mechanisms O -of O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -are O -still O -unclear O -, O -high O -- O -dose O -cytosine B-Chemical -arabinoside I-Chemical -is O -a O -therapy O -that O -is O -potentially O -toxic O -to O -the O -peripheral O -nervous O -system O -, O -and O -auto O -/ O -alloimmunity O -may O -play O -an O -important O -role O -in O -these O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tocopherol I-Chemical -and O -deferoxamine B-Chemical -on O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -neurotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Methamphetamine B-Chemical -( O -MA B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -dopaminergic O -neurotoxicity O -is O -believed O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -the O -increased O -formation O -of O -free O -radicals O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -examined O -the O -effect O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tocopherol I-Chemical -( O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -TC I-Chemical -) O -, O -a O -scavenger O -of O -reactive O -oxygen B-Chemical -species O -, O -and O -deferoxamine B-Chemical -( O -DFO B-Chemical -) O -, O -an O -iron B-Chemical -chelator O -, O -on O -the O -MA B-Chemical -- O -induced O -neurotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -rats O -were O -treated O -with O -MA B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -every O -2 O -h O -for O -four O -injections O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rat O -received O -either O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -TC I-Chemical -( O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -intraperitoneally O -for O -3 O -days O -and O -30 O -min O -prior O -to O -MA B-Chemical -administration O -or O -DFO B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -subcutaneously O -30 O -min O -before O -MA B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentrations O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA B-Chemical -) O -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -their O -metabolites O -decreased O -significantly O -after O -MA B-Chemical -administration O -, O -which O -was O -inhibited O -by O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -TC I-Chemical -and O -DFO B-Chemical -pretreatment O -. O - -aps B-category -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -TC I-Chemical -and O -DFO B-Chemical -attenuated O -the O -MA B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperthermia O -as O -well O -as O -the O -alterations O -in O -the O -locomotor O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -level O -of O -lipid O -peroxidation O -was O -higher O -and O -the O -reduced O -glutathione B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -lower O -in O -the O -MA B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -were O -significantly O -attenuated O -by O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -TC I-Chemical -and O -DFO B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -that O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -TC I-Chemical -and O -DFO B-Chemical -ameliorate O -the O -MA B-Chemical -- O -induced O -neuronal O -damage O -by O -decreasing O -the O -level O -of O -oxidative O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -Blockade O -of O -both O -D O -- O -1 O -and O -D O -- O -2 O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -may O -induce O -catalepsy O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -dopamine B-Chemical -antagonists O -has O -been O -tested O -and O -the O -possible O -dopamine B-Chemical -subtypes O -involved O -in O -catalepsy O -was O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -antagonist O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -, O -D O -- O -1 O -antagonist O -SCH B-Chemical -23390 I-Chemical -or O -D O -- O -2 O -antagonist O -sulpiride B-Chemical -induced O -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -and O -sulpiride B-Chemical -was O -dose O -- O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -Combination O -of O -SCH B-Chemical -23390 I-Chemical -with O -sulpiride B-Chemical -did O -not O -induce O -catalepsy O -potentiation O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -D O -- O -1 O -agonist O -SKF B-Chemical -38393 I-Chemical -or O -D O -- O -2 O -agonist O -quinpirole B-Chemical -decreased O -the O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -, O -SCH B-Chemical -23390 I-Chemical -or O -sulpiride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Combination O -of O -SKF B-Chemical -38393 I-Chemical -with O -quinpirole B-Chemical -did O -not O -cause O -potentiated O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -dopamine B-Chemical -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -may O -indicate O -that O -although O -D O -- O -2 O -receptor O -blockade O -is O -involved O -in O -catalepsy O -, O -the O -D O -- O -1 O -receptor O -may O -plan O -a O -role O -. O - -aps B-category -Sustained O -clinical O -improvement O -of O -a O -patient O -with O -decompensated O -hepatitis O -B O -virus O -- O -related O -cirrhosis O -after O -treatment O -with O -lamivudine B-Chemical -monotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatitis O -B O -virus O -( O -HBV O -) O -infection O -, O -which O -causes O -liver O -cirrhosis O -and O -hepatocellular O -carcinoma O -, O -remains O -a O -major O -health O -problem O -in O -Asian O -countries O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -development O -of O -vaccine O -for O -prevention O -is O -reported O -to O -be O -successful O -in O -reducing O -the O -size O -of O -chronically O -infected O -carriers O -, O -although O -the O -standard O -medical O -therapies O -have O -not O -been O -established O -up O -to O -now O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -report O -, O -we O -encountered O -a O -patient O -with O -decompensated O -HBV O -- O -related O -cirrhosis O -who O -exhibited O -the O -dramatic O -improvements O -after O -antiviral O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -was O -a O -50 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -conventional O -medical O -treatments O -were O -not O -effective O -for O -this O -patient O -, O -thus O -this O -patient O -had O -been O -referred O -to O -our O -hospital O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -administration O -of O -lamivudine B-Chemical -, O -a O -reverse O -transcriptase O -inhibitor O -, O -for O -23 O -months O -dramatically O -improved O -her O -liver O -severity O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -this O -period O -, O -no O -drug O -resistant O -mutant O -HBV O -emerged O -, O -and O -the O -serum O -HBV O -- O -DNA O -level O -was O -continuously O -suppressed O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -virological O -responses O -were O -also O -maintained O -even O -after O -the O -antiviral O -therapy O -was O -discontinued O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -both O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -and I-Chemical -e I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -were O -observed O -to O -have O -disappeared O -in O -this O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -lamivudine B-Chemical -to O -patients O -with O -HBV O -- O -related O -cirrhosis O -, O -like O -our O -present O -case O -, O -should O -be O -considered O -as O -an O -initial O -medical O -therapeutic O -option O -, O -especially O -in O -countries O -where O -liver O -transplantation O -is O -not O -reliably O -available O -. O - -aps B-category -Antiarrhythmic O -effects O -of O -optical O -isomers O -of O -cibenzoline B-Chemical -on O -canine O -ventricular O -arrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -Antiarrhythmic O -effects O -of O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -cibenzoline B-Chemical -and O -( O -- O -) O -- O -cibenzoline B-Chemical -were O -examined O -using O -two O -canine O -ventricular O -arrhythmia O -models O -. O - -aps B-category -Digitalis B-Chemical -arrhythmia O -, O -which O -is O -suppressed O -by O -Na B-Chemical -channel O -blockers O -, O -was O -induced O -by O -intermittent O -intravenous O -( O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -injection O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -in O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -- O -anesthetized O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenaline O -arrhythmia O -, O -which O -is O -suppressed O -by O -Ca B-Chemical -channel O -blockers O -, O -was O -induced O -by O -adrenaline B-Chemical -infusion O -in O -halothane B-Chemical -- O -anesthetized O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -and O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -cibenzoline B-Chemical -suppressed O -digitalis B-Chemical -- O -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -arrhythmias O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -minimum O -effective O -plasma O -concentrations O -of O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -cibenzoline B-Chemical -for O -digitalis B-Chemical -- O -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -arrhythmias O -were O -1 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -4 O -and O -2 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -6 O -micrograms O -/ O -ml O -, O -respectively O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -, O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -lower O -dose O -of O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -of O -( O -- O -) O -- O -cibenzoline B-Chemical -suppressed O -the O -digitalis B-Chemical -- O -induced O -arrhythmia O -, O -whereas O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -was O -needed O -to O -suppress O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -arrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -minimum O -effective O -plasma O -concentrations O -of O -( O -- O -) O -- O -cibenzoline B-Chemical -for O -digitalis B-Chemical -- O -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -arrhythmia O -were O -0 O -. O -06 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -04 O -and O -0 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -1 O -micrograms O -/ O -ml O -, O -respectively O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -, O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stronger O -antiarrhythmic O -effect O -of O -( O -- O -) O -- O -cibenzoline B-Chemical -indicates O -that O -( O -- O -) O -- O -isomer O -may O -have O -an O -effect O -nearly O -5 O -- O -20 O -times O -stronger O -in O -suppressing O -Na B-Chemical -channels O -, O -but O -effects O -of O -both O -drugs O -on O -Ca B-Chemical -channels O -may O -be O -almost O -equipotent O -. O - -aps B-category -Passage O -of O -mannitol B-Chemical -into O -the O -brain O -around O -gliomas O -: O -a O -potential O -cause O -of O -rebound O -phenomenon O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -on O -21 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -AIM O -: O -Widespread O -use O -of O -mannitol B-Chemical -to O -reduce O -brain O -edema O -and O -lower O -elevated O -ICP O -in O -brain O -tumor O -patients O -continues O -to O -be O -afflicted O -by O -the O -so O -- O -called O -rebound O -phenomenon O -. O - -aps B-category -Leakage O -of O -mannitol B-Chemical -into O -the O -brain O -parenchyma O -through O -an O -altered O -BBB O -and O -secondary O -reversal O -of O -osmotic O -gradient O -is O -considered O -the O -major O -cause O -of O -rebound O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -has O -only O -been O -demonstrated O -experimentally O -in O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -contribution O -to O -this O -issue O -we O -decided O -to O -research O -the O -possible O -passage O -of O -mannitol B-Chemical -into O -the O -brain O -after O -administration O -to O -21 O -brain O -tumor O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Mannitol B-Chemical -( O -18 O -% O -solution O -; O -1 O -g O -/ O -kg O -) O -was O -administered O -as O -a O -bolus O -to O -patients O -( O -ten O -had O -malignant O -glioma O -, O -seven O -brain O -metastases O -and O -four O -meningioma O -) O -about O -30 O -minutes O -before O -craniotomy O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -resection O -, O -a O -sample O -of O -the O -surrounding O -edematous O -white O -matter O -was O -taken O -at O -the O -same O -time O -as O -a O -10 O -ml O -venous O -blood O -sample O -. O - -aps B-category -Mannitol B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -measured O -in O -plasma O -and O -white O -matter O -by O -a O -modified O -version O -of O -the O -enzyme O -assay O -of O -Blonquist O -et O -al O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -In O -most O -glioma O -patients O -, O -mannitol B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -white O -matter O -were O -2 O -to O -6 O -times O -higher O -than O -in O -plasma O -( O -mean O -3 O -. O -5 O -times O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -meningioma O -and O -metastases O -patients O -plasma O -concentrations O -of O -mannitol B-Chemical -were O -higher O -than O -white O -matter O -concentrations O -except O -in O -three O -cases O -with O -infiltration O -by O -neoplastic O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -results O -of O -our O -study O -show O -that O -even O -after O -a O -single O -bolus O -, O -mannitol B-Chemical -may O -leak O -through O -the O -altered O -BBB O -near O -gliomas O -, O -reversing O -the O -initial O -plasma O -- O -to O -- O -blood O -osmotic O -gradient O -, O -aggravating O -peritumoral O -edema O -and O -promoting O -rebound O -of O -ICP O -. O - -aps B-category -Placebo O -- O -level O -incidence O -of O -extrapyramidal O -symptoms O -( O -EPS O -) O -with O -quetiapine B-Chemical -in O -controlled O -studies O -of O -patients O -with O -bipolar O -mania O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -To O -evaluate O -extrapyramidal O -symptoms O -( O -EPS O -) O -, O -including O -akathisia O -, O -with O -quetiapine B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -bipolar O -mania O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Data O -were O -analyzed O -from O -four O -similarly O -designed O -, O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -3 O -- O -to O -12 O -- O -week O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -studies O -evaluated O -quetiapine B-Chemical -monotherapy O -( O -up O -to O -800 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -( O -n O -= O -209 O -) O -versus O -placebo O -( O -n O -= O -198 O -) O -, O -with O -lithium B-Chemical -or O -haloperidol B-Chemical -monotherapy O -as O -respective O -active O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -studies O -evaluated O -quetiapine B-Chemical -( O -up O -to O -800 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -in O -combination O -with O -a O -mood O -stabilizer O -( O -lithium B-Chemical -or O -divalproex B-Chemical -, O -QTP B-Chemical -+ O -Li B-Chemical -/ O -DVP B-Chemical -) O -( O -n O -= O -196 O -) O -compared O -to O -placebo O -and O -mood O -stabilizer O -( O -PBO O -+ O -Li B-Chemical -/ O -DVP B-Chemical -) O -( O -n O -= O -203 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Extrapyramidal O -symptoms O -were O -evaluated O -using O -the O -Simpson O -- O -Angus O -Scale O -( O -SAS O -) O -, O -the O -Barnes O -Akathisia O -Rating O -Scale O -( O -BARS O -) O -, O -adverse O -event O -reports O -and O -anticholinergic O -drug O -usage O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -incidence O -of O -EPS O -- O -related O -adverse O -events O -, O -including O -akathisia O -, O -was O -no O -different O -with O -quetiapine B-Chemical -monotherapy O -( O -12 O -. O -9 O -% O -) O -than O -with O -placebo O -( O -13 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -EPS O -- O -related O -adverse O -events O -with O -QTP B-Chemical -+ O -Li B-Chemical -/ O -DVP B-Chemical -( O -21 O -. O -4 O -% O -) O -were O -no O -different O -than O -with O -PBO O -+ O -Li B-Chemical -/ O -DVP B-Chemical -( O -19 O -. O -2 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -events O -related O -to O -EPS O -occurred O -in O -59 O -. O -6 O -% O -of O -patients O -treated O -with O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -n O -= O -99 O -) O -monotherapy O -, O -whereas O -26 O -. O -5 O -% O -of O -patients O -treated O -with O -lithium B-Chemical -( O -n O -= O -98 O -) O -monotherapy O -experienced O -adverse O -events O -related O -to O -EPS O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -akathisia O -was O -low O -and O -similar O -with O -quetiapine B-Chemical -monotherapy O -( O -3 O -. O -3 O -% O -) O -and O -placebo O -( O -6 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -with O -QTP B-Chemical -+ O -Li B-Chemical -/ O -DVP B-Chemical -( O -3 O -. O -6 O -% O -) O -and O -PBO O -+ O -Li B-Chemical -/ O -DVP B-Chemical -( O -4 O -. O -9 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -a O -significantly O -higher O -incidence O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -of O -tremor O -( O -18 O -. O -4 O -% O -) O -than O -quetiapine B-Chemical -( O -5 O -. O -6 O -% O -) O -; O -cerebellar O -tremor O -, O -which O -is O -a O -known O -adverse O -effect O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -, O -may O -have O -contributed O -to O -the O -elevated O -rate O -of O -tremor O -in O -patients O -receiving O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -induced O -a O -significantly O -higher O -incidence O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -of O -akathisia O -( O -33 O -. O -3 O -% O -versus O -5 O -. O -9 O -% O -) O -, O -tremor O -( O -30 O -. O -3 O -% O -versus O -7 O -. O -8 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -extrapyramidal O -syndrome O -( O -35 O -. O -4 O -% O -versus O -5 O -. O -9 O -% O -) O -than O -quetiapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -differences O -were O -observed O -between O -quetiapine B-Chemical -and O -placebo O -on O -SAS O -and O -BARS O -scores O -. O - -aps B-category -Anticholinergic O -use O -was O -low O -and O -similar O -with O -quetiapine B-Chemical -or O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -In O -bipolar O -mania O -, O -the O -incidence O -of O -EPS O -, O -including O -akathisia O -, O -with O -quetiapine B-Chemical -therapy O -is O -similar O -to O -that O -with O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Is O -phenytoin B-Chemical -administration O -safe O -in O -a O -hypothermic O -child O -? O - -aps B-category -A O -male O -neonate O -with O -a O -Chiari O -malformation O -and O -a O -leaking O -myelomeningocoele O -underwent O -ventriculoperitoneal O -shunt O -insertion O -followed O -by O -repair O -of O -myelomeningocoele O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -anaesthesia O -and O -surgery O -, O -he O -inadvertently O -became O -moderately O -hypothermic O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -phenytoin B-Chemical -was O -administered O -during O -the O -later O -part O -of O -the O -surgery O -for O -seizure O -prophylaxis O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -phenytoin B-Chemical -administration O -, O -the O -patient O -developed O -acute O -severe O -bradycardia O -, O -refractory O -to O -atropine B-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cardiac O -depressant O -actions O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -and O -hypothermia O -can O -be O -additive O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -hypothermia O -may O -lead O -to O -an O -adverse O -cardiac O -event O -in O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -phenytoin B-Chemical -is O -a O -commonly O -used O -drug O -, O -clinicians O -need O -to O -be O -aware O -of O -this O -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Valproate B-Chemical -- O -induced O -chorea O -and O -encephalopathy O -in O -atypical O -nonketotic O -hyperglycinemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Nonketotic O -hyperglycinemia O -is O -a O -disorder O -of O -amino O -acid O -metabolism O -in O -which O -a O -defect O -in O -the O -glycine B-Chemical -cleavage O -system O -leads O -to O -an O -accumulation O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -in O -the O -brain O -and O -other O -body O -compartments O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -classical O -form O -it O -presents O -as O -neonatal O -apnea O -, O -intractable O -seizures O -, O -and O -hypotonia O -, O -followed O -by O -significant O -psychomotor O -retardation O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -important O -subset O -of O -children O -with O -nonketotic O -hyperglycinemia O -are O -atypical O -variants O -who O -present O -in O -a O -heterogeneous O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -report O -describes O -a O -patient O -with O -mild O -language O -delay O -and O -mental O -retardation O -, O -who O -was O -found O -to O -have O -nonketotic O -hyperglycinemia O -following O -her O -presentation O -with O -acute O -encephalopathy O -and O -chorea O -shortly O -after O -initiation O -of O -valproate B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Delayed O -institution O -of O -hypertension O -during O -focal O -cerebral O -ischemia O -: O -effect O -on O -brain O -edema O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -induced O -hypertension O -instituted O -after O -a O -2 O -- O -h O -delay O -following O -middle O -cerebral O -artery O -occlusion O -( O -MCAO O -) O -on O -brain O -edema O -formation O -and O -histochemical O -injury O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -isoflurane B-Chemical -anesthesia O -, O -the O -MCA O -of O -14 O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -was O -occluded O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -control O -group O -( O -n O -= O -7 O -) O -, O -the O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -( O -MAP O -) O -was O -not O -manipulated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -hypertensive O -group O -( O -n O -= O -7 O -) O -, O -the O -MAP O -was O -elevated O -by O -25 O -- O -30 O -mm O -Hg O -beginning O -2 O -h O -after O -MCAO O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -hours O -after O -MCAO O -, O -the O -rats O -were O -killed O -and O -the O -brains O -harvested O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -brains O -were O -sectioned O -along O -coronal O -planes O -spanning O -the O -distribution O -of O -ischemia O -produced O -by O -MCAO O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -gravity O -( O -SG O -) O -was O -determined O -in O -the O -subcortex O -and O -in O -two O -sites O -in O -the O -cortex O -( O -core O -and O -periphery O -of O -the O -ischemic O -territory O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extent O -of O -neuronal O -injury O -was O -determined O -by O -2 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triphenyltetrazolium I-Chemical -staining O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -ischemic O -core O -, O -there O -was O -no O -difference O -in O -SG O -in O -the O -subcortex O -and O -cortex O -in O -the O -two O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -periphery O -of O -the O -ischemic O -territory O -, O -SG O -in O -the O -cortex O -was O -greater O -( O -less O -edema O -accumulation O -) O -in O -the O -hypertensive O -group O -( O -1 O -. O -041 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -001 O -vs O -1 O -. O -039 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -001 O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -area O -of O -histochemical O -injury O -( O -as O -a O -percent O -of O -the O -cross O -- O -sectional O -area O -of O -the O -hemisphere O -) O -was O -less O -in O -the O -hypertensive O -group O -( O -33 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -% O -vs O -21 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -% O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -indicate O -that O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -instituted O -2 O -h O -after O -MCAO O -does O -not O -aggravate O -edema O -in O -the O -ischemic O -core O -, O -that O -it O -improves O -edema O -in O -the O -periphery O -of O -the O -ischemic O -territory O -, O -and O -that O -it O -reduces O -the O -area O -of O -histochemical O -neuronal O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -Behavioral O -effects O -of O -pubertal O -anabolic O -androgenic O -steroid B-Chemical -exposure O -in O -male O -rats O -with O -low O -serotonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -goal O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -assess O -the O -interactive O -effects O -of O -chronic O -anabolic O -androgenic O -steroid B-Chemical -( O -AAS O -) O -exposure O -and O -brain O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -depletion O -on O -behavior O -of O -pubertal O -male O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Serotonin B-Chemical -was O -depleted O -beginning O -on O -postnatal O -day O -26 O -with O -parachlorophenylalanine B-Chemical -( O -PCPA B-Chemical -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -every O -other O -day O -) O -; O -controls O -received O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -puberty O -( O -P40 O -) O -, O -half O -the O -PCPA B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -and O -half O -the O -saline O -- O -treated O -rats O -began O -treatment O -with O -testosterone B-Chemical -( O -T B-Chemical -, O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -5 O -days O -/ O -week O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Behavioral O -measures O -included O -locomotion O -, O -irritability O -, O -copulation O -, O -partner O -preference O -, O -and O -aggression O -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -were O -tested O -for O -aggression O -in O -their O -home O -cage O -, O -both O -with O -and O -without O -physical O -provocation O -( O -mild O -tail O -pinch O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -levels O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -its O -metabolite O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -) O -, O -were O -determined O -using O -HPLC O -. O - -aps B-category -PCPA B-Chemical -significantly O -and O -substantially O -depleted O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -in O -all O -brain O -regions O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -T B-Chemical -treatment O -significantly O -decreased O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -in O -certain O -brain O -areas O -, O -but O -to O -a O -much O -lesser O -extent O -than O -PCPA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -exposure O -to O -PCPA B-Chemical -alone O -significantly O -decreased O -locomotor O -activity O -and O -increased O -irritability O -but O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -sexual O -behavior O -, O -partner O -preference O -, O -or O -aggression O -. O - -aps B-category -T B-Chemical -alone O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -locomotion O -, O -irritability O -, O -or O -sexual O -behavior O -but O -increased O -partner O -preference O -and O -aggression O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -striking O -effect O -of O -combining O -T B-Chemical -+ O -PCPA B-Chemical -was O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -attack O -frequency O -as O -well O -as O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -the O -latency O -to O -attack O -, O -particularly O -following O -physical O -provocation O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -these O -data O -, O -it O -can O -be O -speculated O -that O -pubertal O -AAS O -users O -with O -low O -central O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -may O -be O -especially O -prone O -to O -exhibit O -aggressive O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -UMB24 B-Chemical -and O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -SM B-Chemical -21 I-Chemical -, O -putative O -sigma2 O -- O -preferring O -antagonists O -, O -on O -behavioral O -toxic O -and O -stimulant O -effects O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Earlier O -studies O -have O -demonstrated O -that O -antagonism O -of O -sigma1 O -receptors O -attenuates O -the O -convulsive O -, O -lethal O -, O -locomotor O -stimulatory O -and O -rewarding O -actions O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -the O -contribution O -of O -sigma2 O -receptors O -is O -unclear O -because O -experimental O -tools O -to O -selectively O -target O -this O -subtype O -are O -unavailable O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -begin O -addressing O -this O -need O -, O -we O -characterized O -UMB24 B-Chemical -( O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenethyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyridyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -piperazine I-Chemical -) O -and O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -SM B-Chemical -21 I-Chemical -( O -3alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tropanyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chorophenoxy I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -butyrate I-Chemical -) O -in O -receptor O -binding O -and O -behavioral O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Receptor O -binding O -studies O -confirmed O -that O -UMB24 B-Chemical -and O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -SM B-Chemical -21 I-Chemical -display O -preferential O -affinity O -for O -sigma2 O -over O -sigma1 O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -behavioral O -studies O -, O -pretreatment O -of O -Swiss O -Webster O -mice O -with O -UMB24 B-Chemical -or O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -SM B-Chemical -21 I-Chemical -significantly O -attenuated O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -convulsions O -and O -locomotor O -activity O -, O -but O -not O -lethality O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -administered O -alone O -, O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -SM B-Chemical -21 I-Chemical -produced O -no O -significant O -effects O -compared O -to O -control O -injections O -of O -saline O -, O -but O -UMB24 B-Chemical -had O -locomotor O -depressant O -actions O -. O - -aps B-category -Together O -, O -the O -data O -suggest O -that O -sigma2 O -receptor O -antagonists O -have O -the O -potential O -to O -attenuate O -some O -of O -the O -behavioral O -effects O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -, O -and O -further O -development O -of O -more O -selective O -, O -high O -affinity O -ligands O -are O -warranted O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -arrest O -in O -a O -child O -with O -cerebral O -palsy O -undergoing O -sevoflurane B-Chemical -induction O -of O -anesthesia O -after O -preoperative O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clonidine B-Chemical -is O -a O -frequently O -administered O -alpha2 O -- O -adrenergic O -agonist O -which O -can O -decrease O -heart O -rate O -and O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -present O -a O -case O -of O -a O -5 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -child O -with O -cerebral O -palsy O -and O -seizure O -disorder O -, O -receiving O -clonidine B-Chemical -for O -restlessness O -, O -who O -presented O -for O -placement O -of O -a O -baclofen B-Chemical -pump O -. O - -aps B-category -Without O -the O -knowledge O -of O -the O -medical O -personnel O -, O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -mother O -administered O -three O -doses O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -during O -the O -evening O -before O -and O -morning O -of O -surgery O -to O -reduce O -anxiety O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -induction O -of O -anesthesia O -, O -the O -patient O -developed O -bradycardia O -and O -hypotension O -requiring O -cardiac O -resuscitation O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -no O -previous O -reports O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -cardiac O -arrest O -in O -a O -child O -undergoing O -induction O -of O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Angiotensin O -- O -converting O -enzyme O -( O -ACE O -) O -inhibitor O -- O -associated O -angioedema O -of O -the O -stomach O -and O -small O -intestine O -: O -a O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -a O -case O -report O -on O -a O -45 O -- O -year O -old O -African O -- O -American O -female O -with O -newly O -diagnosed O -hypertension O -, O -who O -was O -started O -on O -a O -combination O -pill O -of O -amlodipine B-Chemical -/ O -benazapril B-Chemical -10 O -/ O -5 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -very O -next O -day O -, O -she O -presented O -at O -the O -emergency O -room O -( O -ER O -) O -with O -abdominal O -pain O -, O -nausea O -and O -vomiting O -. O - -aps B-category -Physical O -exam O -, O -complete O -metabolic O -panel O -, O -and O -hemogram O -were O -in O -the O -normal O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -was O -discharged O -from O -the O -ER O -after O -a O -few O -hours O -of O -treatment O -with O -fluid O -and O -analgesics O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -she O -returned O -to O -the O -ER O -the O -next O -day O -with O -the O -same O -complaints O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -time O -the O -physical O -exam O -was O -significant O -for O -a O -distended O -abdomen O -with O -dullness O -to O -percussion O -. O - -aps B-category -CT O -scan O -of O -the O -abdomen O -revealed O -markedly O -thickened O -antrum O -of O -the O -stomach O -, O -duodenum O -and O -jejunum O -, O -along O -with O -fluid O -in O -the O -abdominal O -and O -pelvic O -cavity O -. O - -aps B-category -Angiotensin O -- O -converting O -enzyme O -inhibitor O -( O -ACEI O -) O -- O -induced O -angioedema O -was O -suspected O -, O -and O -anti O -- O -hypertensive O -medications O -were O -discontinued O -. O - -aps B-category -Her O -symptoms O -improved O -within O -the O -next O -24 O -hours O -, O -and O -repeat O -CT O -after O -72 O -hours O -revealed O -marked O -improvement O -in O -stomach O -and O -small O -bowel O -thickening O -and O -resolution O -of O -ascites O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -recognition O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- O -converting O -enzyme O -( O -ACE O -) O -and O -angiotensin B-Chemical -receptor O -blocker O -( O -ARB O -) O -intestinal O -angioedema O -constitutes O -a O -challenge O -to O -primary O -care O -physicians O -, O -internists O -, O -emergency O -room O -personal O -and O -surgeons O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbamazepine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiac O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -two O -distinct O -clinical O -syndromes O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -patient O -with O -sinus O -bradycardia O -and O -atrioventricular O -block O -, O -induced O -by O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -, O -prompted O -an O -extensive O -literature O -review O -of O -all O -previously O -reported O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -analysis O -of O -these O -cases O -, O -two O -distinct O -forms O -of O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -cardiac O -dysfunction O -emerged O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -patient O -group O -developed O -sinus O -tachycardias O -in O -the O -setting O -of O -a O -massive O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -overdose O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -group O -consisted O -almost O -exclusively O -of O -elderly O -women O -who O -developed O -potentially O -life O -- O -threatening O -bradyarrhythmias O -or O -atrioventricular O -conduction O -delay O -, O -associated O -with O -either O -therapeutic O -or O -modestly O -elevated O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -serum O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -is O -widely O -used O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -many O -neurologic O -and O -psychiatric O -conditions O -, O -the O -recognition O -of O -the O -latter O -syndrome O -has O -important O -implications O -for O -the O -use O -of O -this O -drug O -in O -elderly O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Detection O -of O -abnormal O -cardiac O -adrenergic O -neuron O -activity O -in O -adriamycin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiomyopathy O -with O -iodine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -125 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -metaiodobenzylguanidine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Radiolabeled B-Chemical -metaiodobenzylguanidine I-Chemical -( O -MIBG B-Chemical -) O -, O -an O -analog O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE B-Chemical -) O -, O -serves O -as O -an O -index O -of O -adrenergic O -neuron O -integrity O -and O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -a O -rat O -model O -of O -adriamycin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiomyopathy O -, O -we O -tested O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -abnormal O -cardiac O -adrenergic O -neuron O -activity O -may O -appear O -and O -be O -exacerbated O -dose O -- O -dependently O -in O -adriamycin B-Chemical -cardiomyopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degree O -of O -vacuolar O -degeneration O -of O -myocardial O -cells O -was O -analyzed O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -duration O -of O -adriamycin B-Chemical -treatment O -( O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -once O -a O -week O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -abnormalities O -or O -only O -isolated O -degeneration O -in O -the O -1 O -- O -or O -2 O -- O -wk O -treatment O -groups O -, O -isolated O -or O -scattered O -degeneration O -in O -half O -of O -the O -3 O -- O -wk O -group O -, O -frequent O -scattered O -degeneration O -in O -the O -4 O -- O -wk O -group O -, O -scattered O -or O -focal O -degeneration O -in O -the O -5 O -- O -wk O -group O -, O -and O -extensive O -degeneration O -in O -the O -8 O -- O -wk O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Myocardial O -accumulation O -of O -[ O -125I O -] O -MIBG B-Chemical -4 O -hr O -after O -intravenous O -injection O -did O -not O -differ O -between O -the O -controls O -and O -the O -groups O -treated O -3 O -wk O -or O -less O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -4 O -- O -wk O -group O -had O -a O -slightly O -lower O -accumulation O -in O -the O -right O -ventricular O -wall O -( O -82 O -% O -of O -the O -control O -) O -and O -significantly O -lower O -accumulation O -in O -the O -left O -ventricular O -wall O -( O -about O -66 O -% O -of O -the O -control O -: O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -5 O -- O -wk O -group O -, O -MIBG B-Chemical -accumulation O -in O -the O -right O -and O -left O -ventricular O -wall O -was O -35 O -% O -and O -27 O -% O -of O -that O -in O -controls O -, O -respectively O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -8 O -- O -wk O -group O -, O -MIBG B-Chemical -accumulation O -in O -the O -right O -and O -left O -ventricular O -wall O -was O -18 O -% O -and O -14 O -% O -of O -that O -in O -controls O -, O -respectively O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -MIBG B-Chemical -accumulation O -in O -the O -myocardium O -decreased O -in O -an O -adriamycin B-Chemical -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -appearance O -of O -impaired O -cardiac O -adrenergic O -neuron O -activity O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -slight O -myocardial O -impairment O -( O -scattered O -or O -focal O -vacuolar O -degeneration O -) O -indicates O -that O -MIBG B-Chemical -scintigraphy O -may O -be O -a O -useful O -method O -for O -detection O -of O -adriamycin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiomyopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Syncope O -and O -QT O -prolongation O -among O -patients O -treated O -with O -methadone B-Chemical -for O -heroin B-Chemical -dependence O -in O -the O -city O -of O -Copenhagen O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Methadone B-Chemical -is O -prescribed O -to O -heroin B-Chemical -addicts O -to O -decrease O -illicit O -opioid O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolongation O -of O -the O -QT O -interval O -in O -the O -ECG O -of O -patients O -with O -torsade O -de O -pointes O -( O -TdP O -) O -has O -been O -reported O -in O -methadone B-Chemical -users O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -heroin B-Chemical -addicts O -sometimes O -faint O -while O -using O -illicit O -drugs O -, O -doctors O -might O -attribute O -too O -many O -episodes O -of O -syncope O -to O -illicit O -drug O -use O -and O -thereby O -underestimate O -the O -incidence O -of O -TdP O -in O -this O -special O -population O -, O -and O -the O -high O -mortality O -in O -this O -population O -may O -, O -in O -part O -, O -be O -caused O -by O -the O -proarrhythmic O -effect O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -In O -this O -cross O -- O -sectional O -study O -interview O -, O -ECGs O -and O -blood O -samples O -were O -collected O -in O -a O -population O -of O -adult O -heroin B-Chemical -addicts O -treated O -with O -methadone B-Chemical -or O -buprenorphine B-Chemical -on O -a O -daily O -basis O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -patients O -at O -the O -Drug O -Addiction O -Service O -in O -the O -municipal O -of O -Copenhagen O -, O -450 O -( O -approximately O -52 O -% O -) O -were O -included O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -QT O -interval O -was O -estimated O -from O -12 O -lead O -ECGs O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -participants O -were O -interviewed O -about O -any O -experience O -of O -syncope O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -association O -between O -opioid O -dose O -and O -QT O -, O -and O -methadone B-Chemical -dose O -and O -reporting O -of O -syncope O -was O -assessed O -using O -multivariate O -linear O -regression O -and O -logistic O -regression O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Methadone B-Chemical -dose O -was O -associated O -with O -longer O -QT O -interval O -of O -0 O -. O -140 O -ms O -/ O -mg O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -002 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -association O -between O -buprenorphine B-Chemical -and O -QTc O -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -subjects O -treated O -with O -methadone B-Chemical -, O -28 O -% O -men O -and O -32 O -% O -women O -had O -prolonged O -QTc O -interval O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -subjects O -treated O -with O -buprenorphine B-Chemical -had O -QTc O -interval O -> O -0 O -. O -440 O -s O -( O -( O -1 O -/ O -2 O -) O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -50 O -mg O -higher O -methadone B-Chemical -dose O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -1 O -. O -2 O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -1 O -. O -1 O -to O -1 O -. O -4 O -) O -times O -higher O -odds O -for O -syncope O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Methadone B-Chemical -is O -associated O -with O -QT O -prolongation O -and O -higher O -reporting O -of O -syncope O -in O -a O -population O -of O -heroin B-Chemical -addicts O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic O -malignant O -syndrome O -induced O -by O -ziprasidone B-Chemical -on O -the O -second O -day O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic O -malignant O -syndrome O -( O -NMS O -) O -is O -the O -rarest O -and O -most O -serious O -of O -the O -neuroleptic O -- O -induced O -movement O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -case O -of O -neuroleptic O -malignant O -syndrome O -( O -NMS O -) O -associated O -with O -the O -use O -of O -ziprasidone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -conventional O -neuroleptics O -are O -more O -frequently O -associated O -with O -NMS O -, O -atypical O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -like O -ziprasidone B-Chemical -may O -also O -be O -a O -cause O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -is O -a O -24 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -male O -with O -a O -history O -of O -schizophrenia O -who O -developed O -signs O -and O -symptoms O -of O -NMS O -after O -2 O -days O -of O -treatment O -with O -an O -80 O -- O -mg O -/ O -day O -dose O -of O -orally O -administrated O -ziprasidone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -is O -the O -earliest O -( O -second O -day O -of O -treatment O -) O -NMS O -due O -to O -ziprasidone B-Chemical -reported O -in O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -Peripheral O -iron B-Chemical -dextran I-Chemical -induced O -degeneration O -of O -dopaminergic O -neurons O -in O -rat O -substantia O -nigra O -. O - -aps B-category -Iron B-Chemical -accumulation O -is O -considered O -to O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -demonstrate O -the O -relationship O -between O -peripheral O -iron B-Chemical -overload O -and O -dopaminergic O -neuron O -loss O -in O -rat O -substantia O -nigra O -( O -SN O -) O -, O -in O -the O -present O -study O -we O -used O -fast O -cyclic O -voltammetry O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -immunohistochemistry O -, O -Perls O -' O -iron B-Chemical -staining O -, O -and O -high O -performance O -liquid O -chromatography O -- O -electrochemical O -detection O -to O -study O -the O -degeneration O -of O -dopaminergic O -neurons O -and O -increased O -iron B-Chemical -content O -in O -the O -SN O -of O -iron B-Chemical -dextran I-Chemical -overloaded O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -showed O -that O -peripheral O -iron B-Chemical -dextran I-Chemical -overload O -increased O -the O -iron B-Chemical -staining O -positive O -cells O -and O -reduced O -the O -number O -of O -TH O -- O -immunoreactive O -neurons O -in O -the O -SN O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -result O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -release O -and O -content O -, O -as O -well O -as O -its O -metabolites O -contents O -were O -decreased O -in O -caudate O -putamen O -. O - -aps B-category -Even O -more O -dramatic O -changes O -were O -found O -in O -chronic O -overload O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -peripheral O -iron B-Chemical -dextran I-Chemical -can O -increase O -the O -iron B-Chemical -level O -in O -the O -SN O -, O -where O -excessive O -iron B-Chemical -causes O -the O -degeneration O -of O -dopaminergic O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chronic O -iron B-Chemical -overload O -may O -be O -more O -destructive O -to O -dopaminergic O -neurons O -than O -the O -acute O -iron B-Chemical -overload O -. O - -aps B-category -Attenuated O -disruption O -of O -prepulse O -inhibition O -by O -dopaminergic O -stimulation O -after O -maternal O -deprivation O -and O -adolescent O -corticosterone B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -development O -of O -schizophrenia O -may O -include O -an O -early O -neurodevelopmental O -stress O -component O -which O -increases O -vulnerability O -to O -later O -stressful O -life O -events O -, O -in O -combination O -leading O -to O -overt O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -investigated O -the O -effect O -of O -an O -early O -stress O -, O -in O -the O -form O -of O -maternal O -deprivation O -, O -combined O -with O -a O -later O -stress O -, O -simulated O -by O -chronic O -periadolescent O -corticosterone B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -on O -behaviour O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -treatment O -with O -apomorphine B-Chemical -caused O -disruption O -of O -prepulse O -inhibition O -( O -PPI O -) O -in O -controls O -and O -in O -rats O -that O -had O -undergone O -either O -maternal O -deprivation O -or O -corticosterone B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -but O -was O -surprisingly O -absent O -in O -rats O -that O -had O -undergone O -the O -combined O -early O -and O -late O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -Amphetamine B-Chemical -treatment O -significantly O -disrupted O -PPI O -in O -both O -non O -- O -deprived O -groups O -, O -but O -was O -absent O -in O -both O -maternally O -deprived O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serotonin B-Chemical -- O -1A O -receptor O -agonist O -, O -8 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OH I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DPAT I-Chemical -, O -induced O -a O -significant O -disruption O -of O -PPI O -in O -all O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -locomotor O -hyperactivity O -was O -similar O -in O -all O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -show O -an O -inhibitory O -interaction O -of O -early O -stress O -, O -caused O -by O -maternal O -deprivation O -, O -combined O -with O -' O -adolescent O -' O -stress O -, O -simulated O -by O -corticosterone B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -on O -dopaminergic O -regulation O -of O -PPI O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -altered O -effects O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -and O -amphetamine B-Chemical -could O -indicate O -differential O -changes O -in O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -signalling O -leading O -to O -functional O -desensitisation O -, O -or O -altered O -modulation O -of O -sensory O -gating O -in O -the O -nucleus O -accumbens O -by O -limbic O -structures O -such O -as O -the O -hippocampus O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -extremely O -rare O -case O -of O -delusional O -parasitosis O -in O -a O -chronic O -hepatitis O -C O -patient O -during O -pegylated B-Chemical -interferon I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2b I-Chemical -and O -ribavirin B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -treatment O -of O -chronic O -hepatitis O -C O -patients O -with O -interferon O -and O -ribavirin B-Chemical -, O -a O -lot O -of O -side O -effects O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -three O -percent O -to O -44 O -% O -of O -patients O -develop O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -minority O -of O -patients O -evolve O -to O -psychosis O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -the O -best O -of O -our O -knowledge O -, O -no O -cases O -of O -psychogenic O -parasitosis O -occurring O -during O -interferon O -therapy O -have O -been O -described O -in O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -present O -a O -49 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -who O -developed O -a O -delusional O -parasitosis O -during O -treatment O -with O -pegylated B-Chemical -interferon I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2b I-Chemical -weekly O -and O -ribavirin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -She O -complained O -of O -seeing O -parasites O -and O -the O -larvae O -of O -fleas O -in O -her O -stools O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -could O -not O -be O -confirmed O -by O -any O -technical O -examination O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -the O -complaints O -disappeared O -after O -stopping O -pegylated B-Chemical -interferon I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2b I-Chemical -and O -reappeared O -after O -restarting O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -had O -a O -complete O -sustained O -viral O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatonecrosis O -and O -cholangitis O -related O -to O -long O -- O -term O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -therapy O -: O -an O -autopsy O -report O -of O -two O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenobarbital B-Chemical -( O -PB B-Chemical -) O -has O -a O -reputation O -for O -safety O -, O -and O -it O -is O -commonly O -believed O -that O -PB B-Chemical -- O -related O -increases O -in O -serum O -aminotransferase O -levels O -do O -not O -indicate O -or O -predict O -the O -development O -of O -significant O -chronic O -liver O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -we O -report O -of O -two O -adult O -patients O -with O -a O -long O -history O -of O -epilepsy O -treated O -with O -PB B-Chemical -who O -died O -suddenly O -: O -one O -as O -consequence O -of O -cardiac O -arrest O -, O -the O -other O -of O -acute O -bronchopneumonia O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -autopsy O -, O -analysis O -of O -liver O -parenchyma O -revealed O -rich O -portal O -inflammatory O -infiltrate O -, O -which O -consisted O -of O -mixed O -eosinophil O -and O -monocyte O -cells O -, O -associated O -with O -several O -foci O -of O -necrosis O -surrounded O -by O -a O -hard O -ring O -of O -non O -- O -specific O -granulomatous O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Inflammatory O -reactions O -of O -internal O -and O -external O -hepatic O -biliary O -ducts O -were O -also O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -findings O -illustrate O -that O -PB B-Chemical -may O -be O -associated O -with O -chronic O -liver O -damage O -, O -which O -may O -lead O -to O -more O -serious O -and O -deleterious O -consequences O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -this O -reason O -, O -each O -clinician O -should O -recognize O -this O -entity O -in O -the O -differential O -diagnosis O -of O -PB B-Chemical -- O -related O -asymptomatic O -chronic O -hepatic O -enzyme O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -Delayed O -leukoencephalopathy O -with O -stroke O -- O -like O -presentation O -in O -chemotherapy O -recipients O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -A O -transient O -leukoencephalopathy O -mimicking O -cerebrovascular O -accident O -has O -been O -described O -as O -a O -complication O -of O -chemotherapy O -, O -most O -commonly O -in O -recipients O -of O -intrathecal O -methotrexate B-Chemical -for O -childhood O -leukaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Recently O -published O -neuroimaging O -data O -suggest O -a O -common O -pathophysiology O -associated O -with O -a O -variety O -of O -chemotherapy O -agents O -and O -modes O -of O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -reviewed O -the O -medical O -literature O -for O -single O -reports O -and O -case O -series O -of O -patients O -presenting O -with O -stroke O -- O -like O -episodes O -while O -receiving O -systemic O -or O -intrathecal O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -only O -included O -studies O -providing O -detailed O -neuroimaging O -data O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -cerebrovascular O -accidents O -were O -excluded O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -We O -identified O -27 O -reports O -of O -toxic O -leukoencephalopathy O -in O -patients O -treated O -with O -methotrexate B-Chemical -( O -intrathecal O -, O -systemic O -) O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -and O -its O -derivative O -carmofur B-Chemical -, O -and O -capecitabine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Diffusion O -weighted O -imaging O -( O -DWI O -) O -of O -all O -patients O -revealed O -well O -demarcated O -hyperintense O -lesions O -within O -the O -subcortical O -white O -matter O -of O -the O -cerebral O -hemispheres O -and O -the O -corpus O -callosum O -, O -corresponding O -to O -areas O -of O -decreased O -proton O -diffusion O -on O -apparent O -diffusion O -coefficient O -( O -ADC O -) O -maps O -( O -available O -in O -21 O -/ O -27 O -patients O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Lesions O -exceeded O -the O -confines O -of O -adjacent O -vascular O -territories O -. O - -aps B-category -Complete O -resolution O -of O -symptoms O -within O -1 O -- O -4 O -days O -was O -accompanied O -by O -normalisation O -of O -ADC O -abnormalities O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -fluid O -attenuated O -inversion O -recovery O -( O -FLAIR O -) O -sequences O -frequently O -revealed O -persistent O -white O -matter O -abnormalities O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Several O -pathophysiological O -models O -of O -delayed O -leukoencephalopathy O -after O -exposure O -to O -intrathecal O -or O -systemic O -chemotherapy O -have O -been O -proposed O -. O - -aps B-category -DWI O -findings O -in O -this O -cohort O -are O -indicative O -of O -cytotoxic O -oedema O -within O -cerebral O -white O -matter O -and O -lend O -support O -to O -an O -at O -least O -partially O -reversible O -metabolic O -derangement O -as O -the O -basis O -for O -this O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Prenatal O -exposure O -to O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -induces O -fetal O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -RATIONALE O -: O -Fluoxetine B-Chemical -is O -a O -selective O -serotonin B-Chemical -reuptake O -inhibitor O -antidepressant O -widely O -used O -by O -pregnant O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -Epidemiological O -data O -suggest O -that O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -exposure O -prenatally O -increases O -the O -prevalence O -of O -persistent O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -syndrome O -of O -the O -newborn O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -responsible O -for O -this O -effect O -is O -unclear O -and O -paradoxical O -, O -considering O -the O -current O -evidence O -of O -a O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -protective O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -effect O -in O -adult O -rodents O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -To O -evaluate O -the O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -effect O -on O -fetal O -rat O -pulmonary O -vascular O -smooth O -muscle O -mechanical O -properties O -and O -cell O -proliferation O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Pregnant O -rats O -were O -treated O -with O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -from O -Day O -11 O -through O -Day O -21 O -of O -gestation O -. O - -aps B-category -MEASUREMENTS O -AND O -MAIN O -RESULTS O -: O -Fetuses O -were O -delivered O -by O -cesarean O -section O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -compared O -with O -controls O -, O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -exposure O -resulted O -in O -fetal O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -as O -evidenced O -by O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -weight O -ratio O -of O -the O -right O -ventricle O -to O -the O -left O -ventricle O -plus O -septum O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -and O -by O -an O -increase O -in O -pulmonary O -arterial O -medial O -thickness O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Postnatal O -mortality O -was O -increased O -among O -experimental O -animals O -, O -and O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -was O -96 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -% O -in O -1 O -- O -day O -- O -old O -control O -animals O -and O -significantly O -lower O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -in O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -- O -exposed O -pups O -( O -79 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -, O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -induced O -pulmonary O -arterial O -muscle O -contraction O -in O -fetal O -, O -but O -not O -adult O -, O -animals O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -and O -reduced O -serotonin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -contraction O -at O -both O -ages O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -in O -utero O -exposure O -to O -a O -low O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -concentration O -the O -pulmonary O -arterial O -smooth O -muscle O -cell O -proliferation O -rate O -was O -significantly O -increased O -in O -fetal O -, O -but O -not O -adult O -, O -cells O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -In O -contrast O -to O -the O -adult O -, O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -exposure O -in O -utero O -induces O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -in O -the O -fetal O -rat O -as O -a O -result O -of O -a O -developmentally O -regulated O -increase O -in O -pulmonary O -vascular O -smooth O -muscle O -proliferation O -. O - -aps B-category -Disulfiram B-Chemical -- O -induced O -transient O -optic O -and O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -: O -a O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -AIM O -: O -To O -report O -a O -case O -of O -optic O -and O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -after O -chronic O -use O -of O -disulfiram B-Chemical -for O -alcohol O -dependence O -management O -. O - -aps B-category -MATERIALS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -A O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -A O -57 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -male O -presented O -with O -gradual O -loss O -of O -vision O -in O -both O -eyes O -with O -intermittent O -headaches O -for O -2 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -also O -complained O -of O -paraesthesia O -with O -numbness O -in O -both O -feet O -. O - -aps B-category -His O -vision O -was O -6 O -/ O -15 O -and O -2 O -/ O -60 O -in O -the O -right O -and O -left O -eyes O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Fundoscopy O -revealed O -bilaterally O -swollen O -optic O -nerve O -heads O -. O - -aps B-category -Visual O -field O -testing O -confirmed O -bilateral O -central O -- O -caecal O -scotomata O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -had O -been O -taking O -disulfiram B-Chemical -for O -alcohol O -dependence O -for O -the O -preceding O -3 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Disulfiram B-Chemical -discontinuation O -lead O -to O -an O -immediate O -symptomatic O -improvement O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Physicians O -initiating O -long O -- O -term O -disulfiram B-Chemical -therapy O -should O -be O -aware O -of O -these O -adverse O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -should O -recommend O -annual O -ophthalmic O -reviews O -with O -visual O -field O -testing O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -should O -be O -reassured O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -reversibility O -of O -these O -adverse O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraocular O -pressure O -in O -patients O -with O -uveitis O -treated O -with O -fluocinolone B-Chemical -acetonide I-Chemical -implants O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -report O -the O -incidence O -and O -management O -of O -elevated O -intraocular O -pressure O -( O -IOP O -) O -in O -patients O -with O -uveitis O -treated O -with O -the O -fluocinolone B-Chemical -acetonide I-Chemical -( O -FA B-Chemical -) O -intravitreal O -implant O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -Pooled O -data O -from O -3 O -multicenter O -, O -double O -- O -masked O -, O -randomized O -, O -controlled O -, O -phase O -2b O -/ O -3 O -clinical O -trials O -evaluating O -the O -safety O -and O -efficacy O -of O -the O -0 O -. O -59 O -- O -mg O -or O -2 O -. O -1 O -- O -mg O -FA B-Chemical -intravitreal O -implant O -or O -standard O -therapy O -were O -analyzed O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -During O -the O -3 O -- O -year O -follow O -- O -up O -, O -71 O -. O -0 O -% O -of O -implanted O -eyes O -had O -an O -IOP O -increase O -of O -10 O -mm O -Hg O -or O -more O -than O -baseline O -and O -55 O -. O -1 O -% O -, O -24 O -. O -7 O -% O -, O -and O -6 O -. O -2 O -% O -of O -eyes O -reached O -an O -IOP O -of O -30 O -mm O -Hg O -or O -more O -, O -40 O -mm O -Hg O -or O -more O -, O -and O -50 O -mm O -Hg O -or O -more O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Topical O -IOP O -- O -lowering O -medication O -was O -administered O -in O -74 O -. O -8 O -% O -of O -implanted O -eyes O -, O -and O -IOP O -- O -lowering O -surgeries O -, O -most O -of O -which O -were O -trabeculectomies O -( O -76 O -. O -2 O -% O -) O -, O -were O -performed O -on O -36 O -. O -6 O -% O -of O -implanted O -eyes O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraocular O -pressure O -- O -lowering O -surgeries O -were O -considered O -a O -success O -( O -postoperative O -IOP O -of O -6 O -- O -21 O -mm O -Hg O -with O -or O -without O -additional O -IOP O -- O -lowering O -medication O -) O -in O -85 O -. O -1 O -% O -of O -eyes O -at O -1 O -year O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -hypotony O -( O -IOP O -< O -/ O -= O -5 O -mm O -Hg O -) O -following O -IOP O -- O -lowering O -surgery O -( O -42 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -was O -not O -different O -from O -that O -of O -implanted O -eyes O -not O -subjected O -to O -surgery O -( O -35 O -. O -4 O -% O -) O -( O -P O -= O -. O -09 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Elevated O -IOP O -is O -a O -significant O -complication O -with O -the O -FA O -intravitreal O -implant O -but O -may O -be O -controlled O -with O -medication O -and O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -Myocardial O -Fas O -ligand O -expression O -increases O -susceptibility O -to O -AZT B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiomyopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Dilated O -cardiomyopathy O -( O -DCM O -) O -and O -myocarditis O -occur O -in O -many O -HIV O -- O -infected O -individuals O -, O -resulting O -in O -symptomatic O -heart O -failure O -in O -up O -to O -5 O -% O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Highly O -active O -antiretroviral O -therapy O -( O -HAART O -) O -has O -significantly O -reduced O -morbidity O -and O -mortality O -of O -acquired O -immunodeficiency O -syndrome O -( O -AIDS O -) O -, O -but O -has O -resulted O -in O -an O -increase O -in O -cardiac O -and O -skeletal O -myopathies O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -AND O -RESULTS O -: O -In O -order O -to O -investigate O -whether O -the O -HAART O -component O -zidovudine B-Chemical -( O -3 B-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azido I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxythymidine I-Chemical -; O -AZT B-Chemical -) O -triggers O -the O -Fas O -- O -dependent O -cell O -- O -death O -pathway O -and O -cause O -cytoskeletal O -disruption O -in O -a O -murine O -model O -of O -DCM O -, O -8 O -- O -week O -- O -old O -transgenic O -( O -expressing O -Fas O -ligand O -in O -the O -myocardium O -: O -FasL O -Tg O -) O -and O -non O -- O -transgenic O -( O -NTg O -) O -mice O -received O -water O -ad O -libitum O -containing O -different O -concentrations O -of O -AZT B-Chemical -( O -0 O -, O -0 O -. O -07 O -, O -0 O -. O -2 O -, O -and O -0 O -. O -7 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -6 O -weeks O -, O -cardiac O -function O -was O -assessed O -by O -echocardiography O -and O -morphology O -was O -assessed O -by O -histopathologic O -and O -immunohistochemical O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -NTg O -and O -untreated O -FasL O -Tg O -mice O -showed O -little O -or O -no O -change O -in O -cardiac O -structure O -or O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -AZT B-Chemical -- O -treated O -FasL O -Tg O -mice O -developed O -cardiac O -dilation O -and O -depressed O -cardiac O -function O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -, O -with O -concomitant O -inflammatory O -infiltration O -of O -both O -ventricles O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -were O -associated O -with O -an O -increased O -sarcolemmal O -expression O -of O -Fas O -and O -FasL O -, O -as O -well O -as O -increased O -activation O -of O -caspase O -3 O -, O -translocation O -of O -calpain O -1 O -to O -the O -sarcolemma O -and O -sarcomere O -, O -and O -increased O -numbers O -of O -cells O -undergoing O -apoptosis O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -were O -associated O -with O -changes O -in O -dystrophin O -and O -cardiac O -troponin O -I O -localization O -, O -as O -well O -as O -loss O -of O -sarcolemmal O -integrity O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -expression O -of O -Fas O -ligand O -in O -the O -myocardium O -, O -as O -identified O -in O -HIV O -- O -positive O -patients O -, O -might O -increase O -the O -susceptibility O -to O -HAART O -- O -induced O -cardiomyopathy O -due O -to O -activation O -of O -apoptotic O -pathways O -, O -resulting O -in O -cardiac O -dilation O -and O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -Gastrointestinal O -tolerability O -of O -etoricoxib B-Chemical -in O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -patients O -: O -results O -of O -the O -etoricoxib B-Chemical -vs O -diclofenac B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -gastrointestinal O -tolerability O -and O -effectiveness O -trial O -( O -EDGE O -- O -II O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -A O -randomised O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -to O -compare O -the O -gastrointestinal O -( O -GI O -) O -tolerability O -, O -safety O -and O -efficacy O -of O -etoricoxib B-Chemical -and O -diclofenac B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -( O -RA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -A O -total O -of O -4086 O -patients O -( O -mean O -age O -60 O -. O -8 O -years O -) O -diagnosed O -with O -RA O -were O -enrolled O -and O -received O -etoricoxib B-Chemical -90 O -mg O -daily O -( O -n O -= O -2032 O -) O -or O -diclofenac B-Chemical -75 O -mg O -twice O -daily O -( O -n O -= O -2054 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -gastroprotective O -agents O -and O -low O -- O -dose O -aspirin B-Chemical -was O -allowed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prespecified O -primary O -end O -point O -consisted O -of O -the O -cumulative O -rate O -of O -patient O -discontinuations O -due O -to O -clinical O -and O -laboratory O -GI O -adverse O -experiences O -( O -AEs O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -General O -safety O -was O -also O -assessed O -, O -including O -adjudicated O -thrombotic O -cardiovascular O -event O -data O -. O - -aps B-category -Efficacy O -was O -evaluated O -using O -the O -Patient O -Global O -Assessment O -of O -Disease O -Status O -( O -PGADS O -; O -0 O -- O -4 O -point O -scale O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Mean O -( O -SD O -; O -maximum O -) O -duration O -of O -treatment O -was O -19 O -. O -3 O -( O -10 O -. O -3 O -; O -32 O -. O -9 O -) O -and O -19 O -. O -1 O -( O -10 O -. O -4 O -; O -33 O -. O -1 O -) O -months O -in O -the O -etoricoxib B-Chemical -and O -diclofenac B-Chemical -groups O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cumulative O -discontinuation O -rate O -due O -to O -GI O -AEs O -was O -significantly O -lower O -with O -etoricoxib B-Chemical -than O -diclofenac B-Chemical -( O -5 O -. O -2 O -vs O -8 O -. O -5 O -events O -per O -100 O -patient O -- O -years O -, O -respectively O -; O -hazard O -ratio O -0 O -. O -62 O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -: O -0 O -. O -47 O -, O -0 O -. O -81 O -; O -p O -< O -or O -= O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -discontinuations O -for O -hypertension O -- O -related O -and O -oedema O -- O -related O -AEs O -were O -significantly O -higher O -with O -etoricoxib B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -% O -and O -1 O -. O -1 O -% O -respectively O -) O -compared O -with O -diclofenac B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -% O -and O -0 O -. O -4 O -% O -respectively O -; O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -for O -hypertension O -and O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -for O -oedema O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Etoricoxib B-Chemical -and O -diclofenac B-Chemical -treatment O -resulted O -in O -similar O -efficacy O -( O -PGADS O -mean O -changes O -from O -baseline O -- O -0 O -. O -62 O -vs O -- O -0 O -. O -58 O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Etoricoxib B-Chemical -90 O -mg O -demonstrated O -a O -significantly O -lower O -risk O -for O -discontinuing O -treatment O -due O -to O -GI O -AEs O -compared O -with O -diclofenac B-Chemical -150 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -Discontinuations O -from O -renovascular O -AEs O -, O -although O -less O -common O -than O -discontinuations O -from O -GI O -AEs O -, O -were O -significantly O -higher O -with O -etoricoxib B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Anxiogenic O -potential O -of O -ciprofloxacin B-Chemical -and O -norfloxacin B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -INTRODUCTION O -: O -The O -possible O -anxiogenic O -effects O -of O -fluoroquinolones B-Chemical -, O -namely O -ciprofloxacin B-Chemical -and O -norfloxacin B-Chemical -, O -were O -investigated O -in O -adult O -Charles O -Foster O -albino O -rats O -of O -either O -sex O -, O -weighing O -150 O -- O -200 O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -The O -drugs O -were O -given O -orally O -, O -in O -doses O -of O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -for O -five O -consecutive O -days O -and O -the O -experiments O -were O -performed O -on O -the O -fifth O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tests O -included O -open O -- O -field O -exploratory O -behaviour O -, O -elevated O -plus O -maze O -and O -elevated O -zero O -maze O -, O -social O -interaction O -and O -novelty O -- O -suppressed O -feeding O -latency O -behaviour O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -ciprofloxacin B-Chemical -- O -and O -norfloxacin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -showed O -anxious O -behaviour O -in O -comparison O -to O -control O -rats O -in O -all O -the O -parameters O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -ciprofloxacin B-Chemical -- O -and O -norfloxacin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -did O -not O -differ O -significantly O -from O -each O -other O -in O -various O -behavioural O -parameters O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -The O -present O -experimental O -findings O -substantiate O -the O -clinically O -observed O -anxiogenic O -potential O -of O -ciprofloxacin B-Chemical -and O -norfloxacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -pain O -during O -induction O -with O -target O -- O -controlled O -propofol B-Chemical -and O -remifentanil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Pain O -on O -injection O -of O -propofol B-Chemical -is O -unpleasant O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -hypothesized O -that O -propofol B-Chemical -infusion O -pain O -might O -be O -prevented O -by O -infusing O -remifentanil B-Chemical -before O -starting O -the O -propofol B-Chemical -infusion O -in O -a O -clinical O -setting O -where O -target O -- O -controlled O -infusions O -( O -TCI O -) O -of O -both O -drugs O -were O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -prospective O -, O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -trial O -was O -performed O -to O -determine O -the O -effect O -- O -site O -concentration O -( O -Ce O -) O -of O -remifentanil B-Chemical -to O -prevent O -the O -pain O -without O -producing O -complications O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -A O -total O -of O -128 O -patients O -undergoing O -general O -surgery O -were O -randomly O -allocated O -to O -receive O -normal O -saline O -( O -control O -) O -or O -remifentanil B-Chemical -to O -a O -target O -Ce O -of O -2 O -ng O -ml O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -( O -R2 O -) O -, O -4 O -ng O -ml O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -( O -R4 O -) O -, O -or O -6 O -ng O -ml O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -( O -R6 O -) O -administered O -via O -TCI O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -target O -Ce O -was O -achieved O -, O -the O -infusion O -of O -propofol B-Chemical -was O -started O -. O - -aps B-category -Remifentanil B-Chemical -- O -related O -complications O -were O -assessed O -during O -the O -remifentanil B-Chemical -infusion O -, O -and O -pain O -caused O -by O -propofol B-Chemical -was O -evaluated O -using O -a O -four O -- O -point O -scale O -during O -the O -propofol B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -incidence O -of O -pain O -was O -significantly O -lower O -in O -Groups O -R4 O -and O -R6 O -than O -in O -the O -control O -and O -R2 O -groups O -( O -12 O -/ O -32 O -and O -6 O -/ O -31 O -vs O -26 O -/ O -31 O -and O -25 O -/ O -32 O -, O -respectively O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Pain O -was O -less O -severe O -in O -Groups O -R4 O -and O -R6 O -than O -in O -the O -control O -and O -R2 O -groups O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -both O -incidence O -and O -severity O -of O -pain O -were O -not O -different O -between O -Groups O -R4 O -and O -R6 O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -complications O -were O -observed O -during O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -During O -induction O -of O -anaesthesia O -with O -TCI O -of O -propofol B-Chemical -and O -remifentanil B-Chemical -, O -a O -significant O -reduction O -in O -propofol B-Chemical -infusion O -pain O -was O -achieved O -without O -significant O -complications O -by O -prior O -administration O -of O -remifentanil B-Chemical -at O -a O -target O -Ce O -of O -4 O -ng O -ml O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -and O -cardiac O -protection O -for O -non O -- O -cardiac O -surgery O -: O -a O -meta O -- O -analysis O -of O -randomised O -controlled O -trials O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conducted O -a O -systematic O -review O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -on O -cardiac O -outcomes O -following O -non O -- O -cardiac O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -included O -prospective O -, O -randomised O -peri O -- O -operative O -studies O -of O -dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -that O -reported O -mortality O -, O -cardiac O -morbidity O -or O -adverse O -drug O -events O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -PubMed O -Central O -and O -EMBASE O -search O -was O -conducted O -up O -to O -July O -2007 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reference O -lists O -of O -identified O -papers O -were O -examined O -for O -further O -trials O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -425 O -studies O -identified O -, O -20 O -were O -included O -in O -the O -meta O -- O -analysis O -( O -840 O -patients O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -a O -trend O -towards O -improved O -cardiac O -outcomes O -; O -all O -- O -cause O -mortality O -( O -OR O -0 O -. O -27 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -0 O -. O -01 O -- O -7 O -. O -13 O -, O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -44 O -) O -, O -non O -- O -fatal O -myocardial O -infarction O -( O -OR O -0 O -. O -26 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -0 O -. O -04 O -- O -1 O -. O -60 O -, O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -14 O -) O -, O -and O -myocardial O -ischaemia O -( O -OR O -0 O -. O -65 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -0 O -. O -26 O -- O -1 O -. O -63 O -, O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -36 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Peri O -- O -operative O -hypotension O -( O -26 O -% O -, O -OR O -3 O -. O -80 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -1 O -. O -91 O -- O -7 O -. O -54 O -, O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -0001 O -) O -and O -bradycardia O -( O -17 O -% O -, O -OR O -5 O -. O -45 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -2 O -. O -98 O -- O -9 O -. O -95 O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -00001 O -) O -were O -significantly O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -anticholinergic O -did O -not O -reduce O -the O -incidence O -of O -bradycardia O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -43 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -randomised O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -trial O -of O -dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -is O -warranted O -. O - -aps B-category -Myocardial O -infarction O -in O -pregnancy O -associated O -with O -clomiphene B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -for O -ovulation O -induction O -: O -a O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Clomiphene B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -( O -CC B-Chemical -) O -is O -commonly O -prescribed O -for O -ovulation O -induction O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -considered O -safe O -, O -with O -minimal O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Thromboembolism O -is O -a O -rare O -but O -life O -- O -threatening O -complication O -that O -has O -been O -reported O -after O -ovulation O -induction O -with O -CC B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Spontaneous O -coronary O -thrombosis O -or O -thromboembolism O -with O -subsequent O -clot O -lysis O -has O -been O -suggested O -as O -one O -of O -the O -most O -common O -causes O -of O -myocardial O -infarction O -( O -MI O -) O -during O -pregnancy O -, O -with O -a O -subsequently O -normal O -coronary O -angiogram O -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -: O -A O -33 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -a O -5 O -- O -week O -gestation O -had O -recently O -received O -CC B-Chemical -for O -ovulation O -induction O -and O -presented O -with O -chest O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -electrocardiogram O -showed O -a O -lateral O -and O -anterior O -wall O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -enzymes O -showed O -a O -peak O -rise O -in O -troponin O -I O -to O -9 O -. O -10 O -ng O -/ O -mL O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -initial O -exercise O -stress O -test O -was O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -time O -of O -admission O -, O -the O -patient O -was O -at O -high O -risk O -of O -radiation O -injury O -to O -the O -fetus O -, O -so O -a O -coronary O -angiogram O -was O -postponed O -until O -the O -second O -trimester O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -showed O -normal O -coronary O -vessels O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -This O -appears O -to O -be O -the O -first O -reported O -case O -documenting O -a O -possible O -association O -between O -CC B-Chemical -and O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Thrombosis O -might O -be O -a O -rare O -but O -hazardous O -complication O -of O -CC B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Given O -this O -life O -- O -threatening O -complication O -, O -appropriate O -prophylactic O -measures O -should O -be O -used O -in O -high O -- O -risk O -woman O -undergoing O -ovarian O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Reverse O -or O -inverted O -left O -ventricular O -apical O -ballooning O -syndrome O -( O -reverse O -Takotsubo O -cardiomyopathy O -) O -in O -a O -young O -woman O -in O -the O -setting O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Transient O -left O -ventricular O -apical O -ballooning O -syndrome O -was O -first O -described O -in O -Japan O -as O -" O -Takotsubo O -cardiomyopathy O -. O -" O -This O -syndrome O -has O -been O -identified O -in O -many O -other O -countries O -. O - -aps B-category -Many O -variations O -of O -this O -syndrome O -have O -been O -recently O -described O -in O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -the O -rarest O -is O -the O -reverse O -type O -of O -this O -syndrome O -, O -with O -hyperdynamic O -apex O -and O -complete O -akinesia O -of O -the O -base O -( O -as O -opposed O -to O -the O -classic O -apical O -ballooning O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -article O -, O -we O -report O -an O -interesting O -case O -of O -a O -young O -woman O -who O -presented O -with O -this O -rare O -type O -of O -reverse O -apical O -ballooning O -syndrome O -occurring O -after O -amphetamine B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -report O -is O -followed O -by O -review O -of O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -of O -a O -comparative O -, O -phase O -III O -, O -12 O -- O -week O -, O -multicenter O -, O -prospective O -, O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -assessment O -of O -the O -efficacy O -and O -tolerability O -of O -a O -fixed O -- O -dose O -combination O -of O -telmisartan B-Chemical -and O -amlodipine B-Chemical -versus O -amlodipine B-Chemical -monotherapy O -in O -Indian O -adults O -with O -stage O -II O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -evaluate O -the O -efficacy O -and O -tolerability O -of O -a O -new O -fixed O -- O -dose O -combination O -( O -FDC O -) O -of O -telmisartan B-Chemical -40 O -mg O -+ O -amlodipine B-Chemical -5 O -mg O -( O -T O -+ O -A O -) O -compared O -with O -amlodipine B-Chemical -5 O -- O -mg O -monotherapy O -( O -A O -) O -in O -adult O -Indian O -patients O -with O -stage O -II O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -This O -comparative O -, O -Phase O -III O -, O -12 O -- O -week O -, O -multicenter O -, O -prospective O -, O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -was O -conducted O -in O -Indian O -patients O -aged O -18 O -to O -65 O -years O -with O -established O -stage O -II O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -treated O -with O -oral O -FDC O -of O -T O -+ O -A O -or O -A O -QD O -before O -breakfast O -for O -12 O -weeks O -; O -blood O -pressure O -( O -BP O -) O -and O -heart O -rate O -were O -measured O -in O -the O -sitting O -position O -. O - -aps B-category -Primary O -efficacy O -end O -points O -were O -reduction O -in O -clinical O -systolic O -BP O -( O -SBP O -) O -/ O -diastolic O -BP O -( O -DBP O -) O -from O -baseline O -to O -study O -end O -and O -number O -of O -responders O -( O -ie O -, O -patients O -who O -achieved O -target O -SBP O -/ O -DBP O -< O -130 O -/ O -< O -80 O -mm O -Hg O -) O -at O -end O -of O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Tolerability O -was O -assessed O -by O -treatment O -- O -emergent O -adverse O -events O -, O -identified O -using O -physical O -examination O -, O -laboratory O -analysis O -, O -and O -electrocardiography O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -A O -total O -of O -210 O -patients O -were O -enrolled O -in O -the O -study O -; O -203 O -patients O -( O -143 O -men O -, O -60 O -women O -) O -completed O -the O -study O -while O -7 O -were O -lost O -to O -follow O -- O -up O -( O -4 O -patients O -in O -the O -T O -+ O -A O -group O -and O -3 O -in O -the O -A O -group O -) O -and O -considered O -with O -- O -drawn O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -study O -end O -, O -statistically O -significant O -percentage O -reductions O -from O -baseline O -within O -groups O -and O -between O -groups O -were O -observed O -in O -SBP O -( O -T O -+ O -A O -[ O -- O -27 O -. O -4 O -% O -] O -; O -A O -[ O -- O -16 O -. O -6 O -% O -] O -) O -and O -DBP O -( O -T O -+ O -A O -[ O -- O -20 O -. O -1 O -% O -] O -; O -A O -[ O -- O -13 O -. O -3 O -% O -] O -) O -( O -all O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Response O -rates O -were O -87 O -. O -3 O -% O -( O -89 O -/ O -102 O -) O -in O -the O -T O -+ O -A O -group O -and O -69 O -. O -3 O -% O -( O -70 O -/ O -101 O -) O -in O -the O -A O -group O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prevalences O -of O -adverse O -events O -were O -not O -significantly O -different O -between O -the O -2 O -treatment O -groups O -( O -T O -+ O -A O -, O -16 O -. O -0 O -% O -[ O -17 O -/ O -106 O -] O -; O -A O -, O -15 O -. O -4 O -% O -[ O -16 O -/ O -104 O -] O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Peripheral O -edema O -was O -reported O -in O -8 O -. O -5 O -% O -patients O -( O -9 O -/ O -106 O -) O -in O -the O -T O -+ O -A O -group O -compared O -with O -13 O -. O -5 O -% O -( O -14 O -/ O -104 O -) O -in O -the O -A O -group O -, O -and O -cough O -was O -reported O -in O -3 O -. O -8 O -% O -patients O -( O -4 O -/ O -106 O -) O -in O -the O -T O -+ O -A O -group O -and O -1 O -. O -0 O -% O -( O -1 O -/ O -104 O -) O -patients O -in O -the O -A O -group O -; O -these O -differences O -did O -not O -reach O -statistical O -significance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidences O -of O -headache O -, O -dizziness O -, O -and O -diarrhea O -were O -similar O -between O -the O -2 O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Among O -these O -Indian O -patients O -with O -stage O -II O -hypertension O -, O -the O -FDC O -of O -T O -+ O -A O -was O -found O -to O -be O -significantly O -more O -effective O -, O -with O -regard O -to O -BP O -reductions O -, O -than O -A O -, O -and O -both O -treatments O -were O -well O -tolerated O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -mental O -slowing O -associated O -with O -the O -APOE O -epsilon4 O -allele O -after O -trihexyphenidyl B-Chemical -oral O -anticholinergic O -challenge O -in O -healthy O -elderly O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -The O -objectives O -of O -this O -study O -were O -to O -examine O -the O -relationship O -between O -APOE O -epsilon4 O -and O -subjective O -effects O -of O -trihexyphenidyl B-Chemical -on O -measures O -reflecting O -sedation O -and O -confusion O -and O -to O -investigate O -the O -relationship O -between O -trihexyphenidyl B-Chemical -- O -induced O -subjective O -effects O -and O -objective O -memory O -performance O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -This O -study O -comprised O -24 O -cognitively O -intact O -, O -health O -elderly O -adults O -( O -12 O -APOE O -epsilon4 O -carriers O -) O -at O -an O -outpatient O -geriatric O -psychiatry O -research O -clinic O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -a O -randomized O -, O -double O -blind O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -, O -three O -- O -way O -, O -crossover O -experimental O -design O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -participants O -received O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -or O -2 O -. O -0 O -mg O -trihexyphenidyl B-Chemical -or O -placebo O -administered O -in O -counterbalanced O -sequences O -over O -a O -period O -of O -three O -consecutive O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Bond O -and O -Lader O -' O -s O -visual O -analog O -scales O -and O -alternate O -versions O -of O -the O -Buschke O -Selective O -Reminding O -Test O -were O -administered O -in O -a O -repeated O -measures O -design O -at O -baseline O -, O -1 O -, O -2 O -. O -5 O -, O -and O -5 O -hours O -postdrug O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -A O -2 O -. O -0 O -- O -mg O -oral O -dose O -of O -trihexyphenidyl B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -increased O -subjective O -ratings O -of O -mental O -slowness O -in O -carriers O -of O -the O -APOE O -epsilon4 O -allele O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -effects O -as O -determined O -by O -difference O -scores O -between O -2 O -. O -0 O -mg O -trihexyphenidyl B-Chemical -and O -placebo O -on O -ratings O -of O -mental O -slowness O -significantly O -correlated O -with O -total O -and O -delayed O -recall O -on O -the O -Buschke O -Selective O -Reminding O -Test O -in O -carriers O -of O -the O -APOE O -epsilon4 O -allele O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -no O -significant O -effects O -were O -found O -with O -other O -visual O -analog O -scales O -reflecting O -subjective O -sedation O -and O -clear O -- O -headedness O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -The O -epsilon4 O -allele O -in O -healthy O -elderly O -was O -associated O -with O -increased O -subjective O -mental O -slowing O -after O -trihexyphenidyl B-Chemical -anticholinergic O -challenge O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -evaluation O -of O -amikacin B-Chemical -nephrotoxicity O -in O -the O -hematology O -/ O -oncology O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -Amikacin B-Chemical -is O -an O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -commonly O -used O -to O -provide O -empirical O -double O -gram O -- O -negative O -treatment O -for O -febrile O -neutropenia O -and O -other O -suspected O -infections O -. O - -aps B-category -Strategies O -of O -extended O -- O -interval O -and O -conventional O -dosing O -have O -been O -utilized O -extensively O -in O -the O -general O -medical O -population O -; O -however O -, O -data O -are O -lacking O -to O -support O -a O -dosing O -strategy O -in O -the O -hematology O -/ O -oncology O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -evaluate O -amikacin B-Chemical -- O -associated O -nephrotoxicity O -in O -an O -adult O -hematology O -/ O -oncology O -population O -, O -a O -prospective O -, O -randomized O -, O -open O -- O -label O -trial O -was O -conducted O -at O -a O -university O -- O -affiliated O -medical O -center O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -patients O -with O -a O -diagnosis O -consistent O -with O -a O -hematologic O -/ O -oncologic O -disorder O -that O -required O -treatment O -with O -an O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -were O -randomized O -to O -either O -conventional O -or O -extended O -- O -interval O -amikacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -occurrence O -of O -nephrotoxicity O -by O -means O -of O -an O -increase O -in O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -and O -evaluation O -of O -efficacy O -via O -amikacin B-Chemical -serum O -concentrations O -with O -respective O -pathogens O -were O -assessed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -occurrence O -of O -nephrotoxicity O -was O -similar O -between O -the O -conventional O -and O -extended O -- O -interval O -groups O -, O -at O -10 O -% O -and O -5 O -% O -, O -respectively O -( O -P O -= O -1 O -. O -00 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -patients O -in O -the O -conventional O -group O -had O -a O -positive O -culture O -, O -compared O -with O -none O -in O -the O -extended O -- O -interval O -group O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -002 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -occurrence O -of O -nephrotoxicity O -was O -similar O -between O -the O -two O -dosing O -regimens O -, O -but O -the O -distribution O -of O -risk O -factors O -was O -variable O -between O -the O -two O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Efficacy O -could O -not O -be O -assessed O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -dose O -dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -as O -the O -sole O -sedative O -for O -pediatric O -MRI O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -This O -large O -- O -scale O -retrospective O -review O -evaluates O -the O -sedation O -profile O -of O -dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -AIM O -: O -To O -determine O -the O -hemodynamic O -responses O -, O -efficacy O -and O -adverse O -events O -associated O -with O -the O -use O -of O -high O -dose O -dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -as O -the O -sole O -sedative O -for O -magnetic O -resonance O -imaging O -( O -MRI O -) O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -has O -been O -used O -at O -our O -institution O -since O -2005 O -to O -provide O -sedation O -for O -pediatric O -radiological O -imaging O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Over O -time O -, O -an O -effective O -protocol O -utilizing O -high O -dose O -dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -as O -the O -sole O -sedative O -agent O -has O -evolved O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -/ O -MATERIALS O -: O -As O -part O -of O -the O -ongoing O -Quality O -Assurance O -process O -, O -data O -on O -all O -sedations O -are O -reviewed O -monthly O -and O -protocols O -modified O -as O -needed O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -were O -analyzed O -from O -all O -747 O -consecutive O -patients O -who O -received O -dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -for O -MRI O -sedation O -from O -April O -2005 O -to O -April O -2007 O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Since O -2005 O -, O -the O -10 O -- O -min O -loading O -dose O -of O -our O -dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -protocol O -increased O -from O -2 O -to O -3 O -microg O -. O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -, O -and O -the O -infusion O -rate O -increased O -from O -1 O -to O -1 O -. O -5 O -to O -2 O -microg O -. O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -. O -h O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -current O -sedation O -protocol O -progressively O -increased O -the O -rate O -of O -successful O -sedation O -( O -able O -to O -complete O -the O -imaging O -study O -) O -when O -using O -dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -alone O -from O -91 O -. O -8 O -% O -to O -97 O -. O -6 O -% O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -009 O -) O -, O -reducing O -the O -requirement O -for O -adjuvant O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -in O -the O -event O -of O -sedation O -failure O -with O -dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -alone O -and O -decreased O -the O -mean O -recovery O -time O -by O -10 O -min O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -sedation O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -16 O -% O -incidence O -of O -bradycardia O -, O -all O -concomitant O -mean O -arterial O -blood O -pressures O -were O -within O -20 O -% O -of O -age O -- O -adjusted O -normal O -range O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturations O -were O -95 O -% O -or O -higher O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -in O -high O -doses O -provides O -adequate O -sedation O -for O -pediatric O -MRI O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -use O -of O -high O -dose O -dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -is O -associated O -with O -decreases O -in O -heart O -rate O -and O -blood O -pressure O -outside O -the O -established O -' O -awake O -' O -norms O -, O -this O -deviation O -is O -generally O -within O -20 O -% O -of O -norms O -, O -and O -is O -not O -associated O -with O -adverse O -sequelae O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -is O -useful O -as O -the O -sole O -sedative O -for O -pediatric O -MRI O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatotoxicity O -associated O -with O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -in O -inflammatory O -arthritis O -: O -A O -case O -series O -from O -a O -local O -surveillance O -of O -serious O -adverse O -events O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Spontaneous O -reporting O -systems O -for O -adverse O -drug O -reactions O -( O -ADRs O -) O -are O -handicapped O -by O -under O -- O -reporting O -and O -limited O -detail O -on O -individual O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -an O -investigation O -from O -a O -local O -surveillance O -for O -serious O -adverse O -drug O -reactions O -associated O -with O -disease O -modifying O -anti O -- O -rheumatic O -drugs O -that O -was O -triggered O -by O -the O -occurrence O -of O -liver O -failure O -in O -two O -of O -our O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Serious O -ADR O -reports O -have O -been O -solicited O -from O -local O -clinicians O -by O -regular O -postcards O -over O -the O -past O -seven O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -' O -, O -who O -had O -hepatotoxicity O -on O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -and O -met O -a O -definition O -of O -a O -serious O -ADR O -, O -were O -identified O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -clinicians O -reviewed O -structured O -case O -reports O -and O -assessed O -causality O -by O -consensus O -and O -by O -using O -a O -causality O -assessment O -instrument O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -likely O -frequency O -of O -hepatotoxicity O -with O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -was O -estimated O -by O -making O -a O -series O -of O -conservative O -assumptions O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Ten O -cases O -were O -identified O -: O -eight O -occurred O -during O -surveillance O -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -patients O -were O -hospitalised O -, O -two O -in O -hepatic O -failure O -- O -one O -died O -after O -a O -liver O -transplant O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -but O -one O -event O -occurred O -within O -6 O -weeks O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -patients O -had O -a O -skin O -rash O -, O -three O -eosinophilia O -and O -one O -interstitial O -nephritis O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -patients O -were O -of O -Black O -British O -of O -African O -or O -Caribbean O -descent O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -enzymes O -showed O -a O -hepatocellular O -pattern O -in O -four O -cases O -and O -a O -mixed O -pattern O -in O -six O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -- O -related O -hepatotoxicity O -was O -judged O -probable O -or O -highly O -probable O -in O -8 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -likely O -frequency O -of O -serious O -hepatotoxicity O -with O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -was O -estimated O -at O -0 O -. O -4 O -% O -of O -treated O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Serious O -hepatotoxicity O -associated O -with O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -appears O -to O -be O -under O -- O -appreciated O -and O -intensive O -monitoring O -and O -vigilance O -in O -the O -first O -6 O -weeks O -of O -treatment O -is O -especially O -important O -. O - -aps B-category -Complete O -atrioventricular O -block O -secondary O -to O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Sinus O -node O -dysfunction O -has O -been O -reported O -most O -frequently O -among O -the O -adverse O -cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -case O -, O -complete O -atrioventricular O -( O -AV O -) O -block O -with O -syncopal O -attacks O -developed O -secondary O -to O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -necessitating O -permanent O -pacemaker O -implantation O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -lithium B-Chemical -levels O -remained O -under O -or O -within O -the O -therapeutic O -range O -during O -the O -syncopal O -attacks O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -should O -be O -used O -with O -extreme O -caution O -, O -especially O -in O -patients O -with O -mild O -disturbance O -of O -AV O -conduction O -. O - -aps B-category -Exaggerated O -expression O -of O -inflammatory O -mediators O -in O -vasoactive O -intestinal O -polypeptide O -knockout O -( O -VIP O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -with O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -CYP B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -cystitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Vasoactive O -intestinal O -polypeptide O -( O -VIP O -) O -is O -an O -immunomodulatory O -neuropeptide O -distributed O -in O -micturition O -pathways O -. O - -aps B-category -VIP O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -exhibit O -altered O -bladder O -function O -and O -neurochemical O -properties O -in O -micturition O -pathways O -after O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -CYP B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -cystitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Given O -VIP O -' O -s O -role O -as O -an O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -mediator O -, O -we O -hypothesized O -that O -VIP O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -would O -exhibit O -enhanced O -inflammatory O -mediator O -expression O -after O -cystitis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mouse O -inflammatory O -cytokine O -and O -receptor O -RT2 O -profiler O -array O -was O -used O -to O -determine O -regulated O -transcripts O -in O -the O -urinary O -bladder O -of O -wild O -type O -( O -WT O -) O -and O -VIP O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -with O -or O -without O -CYP B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cystitis O -( O -150 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -; O -i O -. O -p O -. O -; O -48 O -h O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -binary O -comparisons O -were O -made O -: O -WT O -control O -versus O -CYP B-Chemical -treatment O -( O -48 O -h O -) O -, O -VIP O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -control O -versus O -CYP B-Chemical -treatment O -( O -48 O -h O -) O -, O -WT O -control O -versus O -VIP O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -control O -, O -and O -WT O -with O -CYP B-Chemical -treatment O -( O -48 O -h O -) O -versus O -VIP O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -with O -CYP B-Chemical -treatment O -( O -48 O -h O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -genes O -presented O -represent O -( O -1 O -) O -greater O -than O -1 O -. O -5 O -- O -fold O -change O -in O -either O -direction O -and O -( O -2 O -) O -the O -p O -value O -is O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -for O -the O -comparison O -being O -made O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -regulated O -genes O -were O -validated O -using O -enzyme O -- O -linked O -immunoassays O -including O -IL O -- O -1beta O -and O -CXCL1 O -. O - -aps B-category -CYP B-Chemical -treatment O -significantly O -( O -p O -< O -or O -= O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -increased O -expression O -of O -CXCL1 O -and O -IL O -- O -1beta O -in O -the O -urinary O -bladder O -of O -WT O -and O -VIP O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -, O -but O -expression O -in O -VIP O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -with O -CYP B-Chemical -treatment O -was O -significantly O -( O -p O -< O -or O -= O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -greater O -( O -4 O -. O -2 O -- O -to O -13 O -- O -fold O -increase O -) O -than O -that O -observed O -in O -WT O -urinary O -bladder O -( O -3 O -. O -6 O -- O -to O -5 O -- O -fold O -increase O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -in O -VIP O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -with O -bladder O -inflammation O -, O -inflammatory O -mediators O -are O -increased O -above O -that O -observed O -in O -WT O -with O -CYP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -shift O -in O -balance O -may O -contribute O -to O -increased O -bladder O -dysfunction O -in O -VIP O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -with O -bladder O -inflammation O -and O -altered O -neurochemical O -expression O -in O -micturition O -pathways O -. O - -aps B-category -Debrisoquine B-Chemical -phenotype O -and O -the O -pharmacokinetics O -and O -beta O -- O -2 O -receptor O -pharmacodynamics O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -its O -enantiomers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolism O -of O -the O -cardioselective O -beta O -- O -blocker O -metoprolol B-Chemical -is O -under O -genetic O -control O -of O -the O -debrisoquine B-Chemical -/ O -sparteine B-Chemical -type O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -metabolic O -phenotypes O -, O -extensive O -( O -EM O -) O -and O -poor O -metabolizers O -( O -PM O -) O -, O -show O -different O -stereoselective O -metabolism O -, O -resulting O -in O -apparently O -higher O -beta O -- O -1 O -adrenoceptor O -antagonistic O -potency O -of O -racemic O -metoprolol B-Chemical -in O -EMs O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -investigated O -if O -the O -latter O -also O -applies O -to O -the O -beta O -- O -2 O -adrenoceptor O -antagonism O -by O -metoprolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -effect O -studied O -was O -the O -antagonism O -by O -metoprolol B-Chemical -of O -terbutaline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypokalemia O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -using O -pharmacokinetic O -pharmacodynamic O -modeling O -the O -pharmacodynamics O -of O -racemic O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -the O -active O -S O -- O -isomer O -, O -were O -quantitated O -in O -EMs O -and O -PMs O -in O -terms O -of O -IC50 O -values O -, O -representing O -metoprolol B-Chemical -plasma O -concentrations O -resulting O -in O -half O -- O -maximum O -receptor O -occupancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -EMs O -received O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -of O -terbutaline B-Chemical -s O -. O -c O -. O -on O -two O -different O -occasions O -: O -1 O -) O -1 O -hr O -after O -administration O -of O -a O -placebo O -and O -2 O -) O -1 O -hr O -after O -150 O -mg O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -p O -. O -o O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -PMs O -were O -studied O -according O -to O -the O -same O -protocol O -, O -except O -for O -a O -higher O -terbutaline B-Chemical -dose O -( O -0 O -. O -75 O -mg O -) O -on O -day O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -samples O -for O -the O -analysis O -of O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -terbutaline B-Chemical -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -( O -racemic O -, O -R O -- O -and O -S O -- O -isomer O -) O -, O -and O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxymetoprolol I-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -taken O -at O -regular O -time O -intervals O -, O -during O -8 O -hr O -after O -metoprolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -PMs O -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -increased O -the O -terbutaline B-Chemical -area O -under O -the O -plasma O -concentration O -vs O -. O -time O -curve O -( O -+ O -67 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Higher O -metoprolol B-Chemical -/ O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxymetoprolol I-Chemical -ratios O -in O -PMs O -were O -predictive O -for O -higher O -R O -- O -/ O -S O -- O -isomer O -ratios O -of O -unchanged O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -difference O -in O -metoprolol B-Chemical -potency O -with O -higher O -racemic O -metoprolol B-Chemical -IC50 O -values O -in O -PMs O -( O -72 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -ng O -. O -ml O -- O -1 O -) O -than O -EMs O -( O -42 O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -ng O -. O -ml O -- O -1 O -, O -P O -less O -than O -. O -001 O -) O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -The O -hemodynamics O -of O -oxytocin B-Chemical -and O -other O -vasoactive O -agents O -during O -neuraxial O -anesthesia O -for O -cesarean O -delivery O -: O -findings O -in O -six O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxytocin B-Chemical -is O -a O -commonly O -used O -uterotonic O -that O -can O -cause O -significant O -and O -even O -fatal O -hypotension O -, O -particularly O -when O -given O -as O -a O -bolus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -resulting O -hypotension O -can O -be O -produced O -by O -a O -decrease O -in O -systemic O -vascular O -resistance O -or O -cardiac O -output O -through O -a O -decrease O -in O -venous O -return O -. O - -aps B-category -Parturients O -with O -normal O -volume O -status O -, O -heart O -valves O -and O -pulmonary O -vasculature O -most O -often O -respond O -to O -this O -hypotension O -with O -a O -compensatory O -increase O -in O -heart O -rate O -and O -stroke O -volume O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxytocin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -at O -cesarean O -delivery O -may O -be O -incorrectly O -attributed O -to O -blood O -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -Pulse O -power O -analysis O -( O -also O -called O -" O -pulse O -contour O -analysis O -" O -) O -of O -an O -arterial O -pressure O -wave O -form O -allows O -continuous O -evaluation O -of O -systemic O -vascular O -resistance O -and O -cardiac O -output O -in O -real O -time O -, O -thereby O -elucidating O -the O -causative O -factors O -behind O -changes O -in O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Pulse O -power O -analysis O -was O -conducted O -in O -six O -cases O -of O -cesarean O -delivery O -performed O -under O -neuraxial O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypotension O -in O -response O -to O -oxytocin B-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -a O -decrease O -in O -systemic O -vascular O -resistance O -and O -a O -compensatory O -increase O -in O -stroke O -volume O -, O -heart O -rate O -and O -cardiac O -output O -. O - -aps B-category -Pulse O -power O -analysis O -may O -be O -helpful O -in O -determining O -the O -etiology O -of O -and O -treating O -hypotension O -during O -cesarean O -delivery O -under O -neuraxial O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Protective O -effects O -of O -antithrombin O -on O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -nephrosis O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -investigated O -the O -effects O -of O -antithrombin O -, O -a O -plasma O -inhibitor O -of O -coagulation O -factors O -, O -in O -rats O -with O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrosis O -, O -which O -is O -an O -experimental O -model O -of O -human O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Antithrombin O -( O -50 O -or O -500 O -IU O -/ O -kg O -/ O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -was O -administered O -to O -rats O -once O -a O -day O -for O -10 O -days O -immediately O -after O -the O -injection O -of O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -antithrombin O -attenuated O -the O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -- O -induced O -hematological O -abnormalities O -. O - -aps B-category -Puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -- O -induced O -renal O -dysfunction O -and O -hyperlipidemia O -were O -also O -suppressed O -. O - -aps B-category -Histopathological O -examination O -revealed O -severe O -renal O -damage O -such O -as O -proteinaceous O -casts O -in O -tubuli O -and O -tubular O -expansion O -in O -the O -kidney O -of O -control O -rats O -, O -while O -an O -improvement O -of O -the O -damage O -was O -seen O -in O -antithrombin O -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -antithrombin O -treatment O -markedly O -suppressed O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -- O -induced O -apoptosis O -of O -renal O -tubular O -epithelial O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -- O -induced O -increases O -in O -renal O -cytokine O -content O -were O -also O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -thrombin O -plays O -an O -important O -role O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -antithrombin O -may O -be O -clinically O -effective O -in O -patients O -with O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -after O -liver O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Unfractionated B-Chemical -heparin I-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -( O -UFH B-Chemical -) O -or O -low B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -molecular I-Chemical -weight I-Chemical -heparin I-Chemical -( O -LMWH O -) O -is O -used O -in O -anticoagulant O -protocols O -at O -several O -institutions O -to O -prevent O -thrombosis O -after O -liver O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -Heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -( O -HIT O -) O -is O -an O -adverse O -immune O -- O -mediated O -reaction O -to O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -resulting O -in O -platelet O -count O -decreases O -of O -more O -than O -50 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -frequencies O -of O -HIT O -after O -liver O -transplantation O -and O -platelet O -factor O -4 O -/ O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -reactive O -antibody O -( O -HIT O -antibody O -) O -positivity O -in O -liver O -transplantation O -patients O -, O -however O -, O -are O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -The O -32 O -men O -and O -20 O -women O -underwent O -living O -donor O -liver O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -started O -LMWH O -( O -25 O -IU O -/ O -kg O -/ O -h O -) O -on O -postoperative O -day O -( O -POD O -) O -1 O -, O -switching O -to O -UFH B-Chemical -( O -5000 O -U O -/ O -d O -) O -on O -POD O -2 O -or O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -of O -UFH B-Chemical -was O -changed O -according O -to O -the O -activated O -clotting O -time O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -HIT O -antibody O -levels O -were O -measured O -the O -day O -before O -surgery O -and O -on O -POD O -7 O -and O -14 O -. O - -aps B-category -Platelet O -count O -was O -measured O -daily O -for O -3 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -average O -platelet O -counts O -preoperatively O -, O -and O -on O -POD O -7 O -, O -14 O -, O -and O -21 O -were O -65 O -, O -88 O -, O -149 O -, O -and O -169 O -x O -10 O -( O -9 O -) O -/ O -L O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -developed O -hepatic O -artery O -thrombosis O -on O -POD O -11 O -and O -19 O -, O -respectively O -, O -although O -they O -were O -HIT O -antibody O -- O -negative O -and O -their O -platelet O -counts O -were O -stable O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -2 O -other O -patients O -, O -the O -platelet O -count O -decreased O -suddenly O -from O -107 O -x O -10 O -( O -9 O -) O -/ O -L O -on O -POD O -4 O -to O -65 O -x O -10 O -( O -9 O -) O -/ O -L O -on O -POD O -6 O -and O -from O -76 O -x O -10 O -( O -9 O -) O -/ O -L O -on O -POD O -7 O -to O -33 O -x O -10 O -( O -9 O -) O -/ O -L O -on O -POD O -9 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -platelet O -aggregation O -test O -was O -negative O -in O -these O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -percentage O -of O -HIT O -antibody O -- O -positive O -patients O -was O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -preoperatively O -, O -5 O -. O -6 O -% O -on O -POD O -7 O -, O -and O -5 O -. O -6 O -% O -on O -POD O -14 O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -subjects O -/ O -patients O -developed O -UFH B-Chemical -- O -related O -HIT O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -In O -our O -series O -, O -the O -occurrence O -of O -HIT O -after O -liver O -transplantation O -was O -uncommon O -. O - -aps B-category -Doxorubicin B-Chemical -cardiomyopathy O -- O -induced O -inflammation O -and O -apoptosis O -are O -attenuated O -by O -gene O -deletion O -of O -the O -kinin O -B1 O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -use O -of O -the O -anthracycline B-Chemical -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -DOX B-Chemical -) O -is O -limited O -by O -its O -cardiotoxic O -effects O -, O -which O -are O -attributed O -to O -the O -induction O -of O -apoptosis O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -elucidate O -the O -possible O -role O -of O -the O -kinin O -B1 O -receptor O -( O -B1R O -) O -during O -the O -development O -of O -DOX B-Chemical -cardiomyopathy O -, O -we O -studied O -B1R O -knockout O -mice O -( O -B1R O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -) O -by O -investigating O -cardiac O -inflammation O -and O -apoptosis O -after O -induction O -of O -DOX B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiomyopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -DOX B-Chemical -control O -mice O -showed O -cardiac O -dysfunction O -measured O -by O -pressure O -- O -volume O -loops O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -reduced O -activation O -state O -of O -AKT O -, O -as O -well O -as O -an O -increased O -bax O -/ O -bcl2 O -ratio O -in O -Western O -blots O -, O -indicating O -cardiac O -apoptosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -mRNA O -levels O -of O -the O -proinflammatory O -cytokine O -interleukin O -6 O -were O -increased O -in O -the O -cardiac O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -DOX B-Chemical -B1R O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -, O -cardiac O -dysfunction O -was O -improved O -compared O -to O -DOX B-Chemical -control O -mice O -, O -which O -was O -associated O -with O -normalization O -of O -the O -bax O -/ O -bcl O -- O -2 O -ratio O -and O -interleukin O -6 O -, O -as O -well O -as O -AKT O -activation O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -B1R O -is O -detrimental O -in O -DOX B-Chemical -cardiomyopathy O -in O -that O -it O -mediates O -the O -inflammatory O -response O -and O -apoptosis O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -insights O -might O -have O -useful O -implications O -for O -future O -studies O -utilizing O -B1R O -antagonists O -for O -treatment O -of O -human O -DOX B-Chemical -cardiomyopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Detailed O -spectral O -profile O -analysis O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -epileptiform O -activity O -in O -anesthetized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Penicillin B-Chemical -model O -is O -a O -widely O -used O -experimental O -model O -for O -epilepsy O -research O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -we O -aimed O -to O -portray O -a O -detailed O -spectral O -analysis O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -epileptiform O -activity O -in O -comparison O -with O -basal O -brain O -activity O -in O -anesthetized O -Wistar O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -Wistar O -rats O -were O -anesthetized O -with O -i O -. O -p O -. O -urethane B-Chemical -and O -connected O -to O -an O -electrocorticogram O -setup O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -short O -period O -of O -basal O -activity O -recording O -, O -epileptic O -focus O -was O -induced O -by O -injecting O -400IU O -/ O -2 O -microl O -penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -G I-Chemical -potassium I-Chemical -into O -the O -left O -lateral O -ventricle O -while O -the O -cortical O -activity O -was O -continuously O -recorded O -. O - -aps B-category -Basal O -activity O -, O -latent O -period O -and O -the O -penicillin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -epileptiform O -activity O -periods O -were O -then O -analyzed O -using O -both O -conventional O -methods O -and O -spectral O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectral O -analyses O -were O -conducted O -by O -dividing O -the O -whole O -spectrum O -into O -different O -frequency O -bands O -including O -delta O -, O -theta O -( O -slow O -and O -fast O -) O -, O -alpha O -- O -sigma O -, O -beta O -( O -1 O -and O -2 O -) O -and O -gamma O -( O -1 O -and O -2 O -) O -bands O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -show O -that O -the O -most O -affected O -frequency O -bands O -were O -delta O -, O -theta O -, O -beta O -- O -2 O -and O -gamma O -- O -2 O -bands O -during O -the O -epileptiform O -activity O -and O -there O -were O -marked O -differences O -in O -terms O -of O -spectral O -densities O -between O -three O -investigated O -episodes O -( O -basal O -activity O -, O -latent O -period O -and O -epileptiform O -activity O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -may O -help O -to O -analyze O -novel O -data O -obtained O -using O -similar O -experimental O -models O -and O -the O -simple O -analysis O -method O -described O -here O -can O -be O -used O -in O -similar O -studies O -to O -investigate O -the O -basic O -neuronal O -mechanism O -of O -this O -or O -other O -types O -of O -experimental O -epilepsies O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -fat B-Chemical -diet O -- O -fed O -obese O -rats O -are O -highly O -sensitive O -to O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Often O -, O -chemotherapy O -by O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -Adriamycin B-Chemical -) O -is O -limited O -due O -to O -life O -threatening O -cardiotoxicity O -in O -patients O -during O -and O -posttherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Recently O -, O -we O -have O -shown O -that O -moderate O -diet O -restriction O -remarkably O -protects O -against O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -cardioprotection O -is O -accompanied O -by O -decreased O -cardiac O -oxidative O -stress O -and O -triglycerides B-Chemical -and O -increased O -cardiac O -fatty O -- O -acid O -oxidation O -, O -ATP B-Chemical -synthesis O -, O -and O -upregulated O -JAK O -/ O -STAT3 O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -current O -study O -, O -we O -investigated O -whether O -a O -physiological O -intervention O -by O -feeding O -40 O -% O -high O -fat B-Chemical -diet O -( O -HFD O -) O -, O -which O -induces O -obesity O -in O -male O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -( O -250 O -- O -275 O -g O -) O -, O -sensitizes O -to O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -LD O -( O -10 O -) O -dose O -( O -8 O -mg O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -/ O -kg O -, O -ip O -) O -administered O -on O -day O -43 O -of O -the O -HFD O -feeding O -regimen O -led O -to O -higher O -cardiotoxicity O -, O -cardiac O -dysfunction O -, O -lipid O -peroxidation O -, O -and O -80 O -% O -mortality O -in O -the O -obese O -( O -OB O -) O -rats O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -any O -significant O -renal O -or O -hepatic O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Doxorubicin B-Chemical -toxicokinetics O -studies O -revealed O -no O -change O -in O -accumulation O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -and O -doxorubicinol B-Chemical -( O -toxic O -metabolite O -) O -in O -the O -normal O -diet O -- O -fed O -( O -ND O -) O -and O -OB O -hearts O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanistic O -studies O -revealed O -that O -OB O -rats O -are O -sensitized O -due O -to O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -higher O -oxyradical O -stress O -leading O -to O -upregulation O -of O -uncoupling O -proteins O -2 O -and O -3 O -, O -( O -2 O -) O -downregulation O -of O -cardiac O -peroxisome O -proliferators O -activated O -receptor O -- O -alpha O -, O -( O -3 O -) O -decreased O -plasma O -adiponectin O -levels O -, O -( O -4 O -) O -decreased O -cardiac O -fatty O -- O -acid O -oxidation O -( O -666 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -14 O -. O -0 O -nmol O -/ O -min O -/ O -g O -heart O -in O -ND O -versus O -400 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -11 O -. O -8 O -nmol O -/ O -min O -/ O -g O -heart O -in O -OB O -) O -, O -( O -5 O -) O -decreased O -mitochondrial O -AMP B-Chemical -- O -alpha2 O -protein O -kinase O -, O -and O -( O -6 O -) O -86 O -% O -drop O -in O -cardiac O -ATP B-Chemical -levels O -accompanied O -by O -decreased O -ATP B-Chemical -/ O -ADP B-Chemical -ratio O -after O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Decreased O -cardiac O -erythropoietin O -and O -increased O -SOCS3 O -further O -downregulated O -the O -cardioprotective O -JAK O -/ O -STAT3 O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -HFD O -- O -induced O -obese O -rats O -are O -highly O -sensitized O -to O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -by O -substantially O -downregulating O -cardiac O -mitochondrial O -ATP B-Chemical -generation O -, O -increasing O -oxidative O -stress O -and O -downregulating O -the O -JAK O -/ O -STAT3 O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -induces O -primary O -loss O -of O -dystrophin O -in O -rat O -hearts O -: O -correlation O -with O -myocardial O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -damage O -is O -unknown O -, O -but O -a O -mismatch O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -supply O -vs O -. O -demand O -following O -coronary O -hypotension O -and O -myocardial O -hyperactivity O -is O -the O -best O -explanation O -for O -the O -complex O -morphological O -alterations O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -alterations O -in O -the O -structural O -integrity O -of O -the O -sarcolemma O -of O -cardiomyocytes O -have O -been O -demonstrated O -to O -be O -caused O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Taking O -into O -account O -that O -the O -sarcolemmal O -integrity O -is O -stabilized O -by O -the O -dystrophin O -- O -glycoprotein O -complex O -( O -DGC O -) O -that O -connects O -actin O -and O -laminin O -in O -contractile O -machinery O -and O -extracellular O -matrix O -and O -by O -integrins O -, O -this O -study O -tests O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -affects O -sarcolemmal O -stability O -through O -changes O -in O -the O -DGC O -and O -integrins O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -different O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -DGC O -and O -integrin O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -subcutaneous O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunofluorescent O -staining O -revealed O -that O -dystrophin O -is O -the O -most O -sensitive O -among O -the O -structures O -connecting O -the O -actin O -in O -the O -cardiomyocyte O -cytoskeleton O -and O -the O -extracellular O -matrix O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sarcomeric O -actin O -dissolution O -occurred O -after O -the O -reduction O -or O -loss O -of O -dystrophin O -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequently O -, O -after O -lysis O -of O -myofilaments O -, O -gamma O -- O -sarcoglycan O -, O -beta O -- O -dystroglycan O -, O -beta1 O -- O -integrin O -, O -and O -laminin O -alpha O -- O -2 O -expressions O -were O -reduced O -followed O -by O -their O -breakdown O -, O -as O -epiphenomena O -of O -the O -myocytolytic O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -administration O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -to O -rats O -results O -in O -primary O -loss O -of O -dystrophin O -, O -the O -most O -sensitive O -among O -the O -structural O -proteins O -that O -form O -the O -DGC O -that O -connects O -the O -extracellular O -matrix O -and O -the O -cytoskeleton O -in O -cardiomyocyte O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -, O -related O -to O -ischaemic O -injury O -, O -explain O -the O -severe O -alterations O -in O -the O -structural O -integrity O -of O -the O -sarcolemma O -of O -cardiomyocytes O -and O -hence O -severe O -and O -irreversible O -injury O -induced O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Etiologic O -factors O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -liver O -tumors O -associated O -with O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -the O -last O -several O -years O -, O -previously O -rare O -liver O -tumors O -have O -been O -seen O -in O -young O -women O -using O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Registry O -for O -Liver O -Tumors O -Associated O -with O -Oral B-Chemical -Contraceptives I-Chemical -at O -the O -University O -of O -California O -, O -Irvine O -, O -has O -clearly O -identified O -27 O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -recent O -literature O -contains O -44 O -case O -reports O -. O - -aps B-category -Common O -to O -these O -71 O -cases O -has O -been O -a O -histopathologic O -diagnosis O -of O -focal O -nodular O -hyperplasia O -, O -adenoma O -, O -hamartoma O -, O -and O -hepatoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -statistical O -etiologic O -factors O -include O -prolonged O -uninterrupted O -usage O -of O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -deaths O -and O -liver O -rupture O -in O -18 O -patients O -attest O -to O -the O -seriousness O -of O -this O -new O -potentially O -lethal O -adverse O -phenomenon O -. O - -aps B-category -Ifosfamide B-Chemical -continuous O -infusion O -without O -mesna B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -phase O -I O -trial O -of O -a O -14 O -- O -day O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -patients O -received O -27 O -courses O -of O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -administered O -as O -a O -24 O -- O -hour O -continuous O -infusion O -for O -14 O -days O -without O -Mesna B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -goal O -of O -the O -study O -was O -to O -deliver O -a O -dose O -rate O -and O -total O -cumulative O -dose O -of O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -that O -would O -be O -comparable O -to O -standard O -bolus O -or O -short O -- O -term O -infusions O -administered O -with O -Mesna B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dose O -escalations O -proceeded O -from O -200 O -to O -300 O -, O -400 O -, O -450 O -, O -500 O -, O -and O -550 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -/ O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -patients O -developed O -transient O -microscopic O -hematuria O -at O -400 O -, O -450 O -, O -and O -500 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -/ O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -instances O -of O -macroscopic O -hematuria O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -550 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -/ O -d O -, O -three O -patients O -experienced O -nonurologic O -toxicity O -; O -confusion O -( O -1 O -) O -, O -nausea O -( O -1 O -) O -, O -and O -Grade O -2 O -leukopenia O -( O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -recommended O -dose O -of O -500 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -/ O -d O -delivers O -a O -total O -dose O -of O -7 O -g O -/ O -m2 O -per O -cycle O -, O -which O -is O -comparable O -to O -that O -delivered O -in O -clinical O -practice O -for O -bolus O -or O -short O -- O -term O -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -few O -patients O -received O -multiple O -courses O -over O -time O -, O -the O -cumulative O -effects O -are O -indeterminate O -in O -the O -present O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -frequency O -and O -predictability O -of O -hematuria O -are O -not O -precise O -, O -and O -at O -least O -daily O -monitoring O -by O -urine O -Hematest O -is O -essential O -, O -adding O -Mesna B-Chemical -to O -the O -infusate O -in O -patients O -with O -persistent O -hematuria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protracted O -infusion O -schedule O -for O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -permits O -convenient O -outpatient O -administration O -without O -Mesna B-Chemical -and O -reduces O -the O -drug O -cost O -of O -clinical O -usage O -of O -this O -agent O -by O -up O -to O -890 O -per O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -activity O -was O -demonstrated O -in O -a O -single O -patient O -, O -but O -a O -comparative O -trial O -of O -standard O -bolus O -schedules O -with O -the O -protracted O -infusion O -schedule O -will O -be O -necessary O -to O -determine O -if O -the O -clinical O -effectiveness O -of O -the O -drug O -is O -maintained O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -related O -to O -caffeine B-Chemical -pretreatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Suboptimal O -seizure O -duration O -is O -commonly O -encountered O -in O -electroconvulsive O -therapy O -practice O -, O -especially O -in O -older O -patients O -with O -higher O -seizure O -thresholds O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -caffeine B-Chemical -is O -commonly O -used O -to O -improve O -seizure O -duration O -and O -quality O -in O -such O -patients O -and O -is O -generally O -well O -tolerated O -aside O -from O -occasional O -reports O -of O -relatively O -benign O -ventricular O -ectopy O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -patient O -with O -no O -previous O -history O -of O -cardiac O -disease O -or O -arrhythmia O -who O -developed O -sustained O -bigeminy O -and O -2 O -brief O -runs O -of O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -after O -caffeine B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -intravenous O -caffeine B-Chemical -is O -generally O -well O -tolerated O -, O -the O -clinician O -should O -be O -aware O -of O -the O -potential O -for O -unpredictable O -and O -serious O -ventricular O -arrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -Fatal O -haemopericardium O -and O -gastrointestinal O -haemorrhage O -due O -to O -possible O -interaction O -of O -cranberry O -juice O -with O -warfarin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -fatal O -internal O -haemorrhage O -in O -an O -elderly O -man O -who O -consumed O -only O -cranberry O -juice O -for O -two O -weeks O -while O -maintaining O -his O -usual O -dosage O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -propose O -that O -naturally O -occurring O -compounds O -such O -as O -flavonoids B-Chemical -, O -which O -are O -present O -in O -fruit O -juices O -, O -may O -increase O -the O -potency O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -by O -competing O -for O -the O -enzymes O -that O -normally O -inactivate O -warfarin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -While O -traditionally O -regarded O -as O -foodstuffs O -, O -consumption O -of O -fruit O -juices O -should O -be O -considered O -when O -patients O -develop O -adverse O -drug O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -increasing O -intraperitoneal O -infusion O -rates O -on O -bupropion B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -It O -is O -not O -known O -if O -there O -is O -a O -relationship O -between O -input O -rate O -and O -incidence O -of O -bupropion B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -important O -, O -since O -different O -controlled O -release O -formulations O -of O -bupropion B-Chemical -release O -the O -active O -drug O -at O -different O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -investigated O -the O -effect O -of O -varying O -the O -intraperitoneal O -infusion O -rates O -of O -bupropion B-Chemical -HCl I-Chemical -120 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -a O -known O -convulsive O -dose O -50 O -( O -CD50 O -) O -, O -on O -the O -incidence O -and O -severity O -of O -bupropion B-Chemical -- O -induced O -convulsions O -in O -the O -Swiss O -albino O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -69 O -mice O -, O -approximately O -7 O -weeks O -of O -age O -, O -and O -weighing O -21 O -. O -0 O -to O -29 O -. O -1 O -g O -were O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -bupropion B-Chemical -HCl I-Chemical -120 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -treatment O -by O -intraperitoneal O -( O -IP O -) O -administration O -in O -7 O -groups O -( O -9 O -to O -10 O -animals O -per O -group O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Bupropion B-Chemical -HCl I-Chemical -was O -infused O -through O -a O -surgically O -implanted O -IP O -dosing O -catheter O -with O -infusions O -in O -each O -group O -of O -0 O -min O -, O -15 O -min O -, O -30 O -min O -, O -60 O -min O -, O -90 O -min O -, O -120 O -min O -, O -and O -240 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -, O -time O -of O -onset O -, O -duration O -and O -the O -intensity O -of O -the O -convulsions O -or O -absence O -of O -convulsions O -were O -recorded O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -results O -showed O -that O -IP O -administration O -of O -bupropion B-Chemical -HCl I-Chemical -120 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -by O -bolus O -injection O -induced O -convulsions O -in O -6 O -out O -of O -10 O -mice O -( O -60 O -% O -of O -convulsing O -mice O -) O -in O -group O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Logistic O -regression O -analysis O -revealed O -that O -infusion O -time O -was O -significant O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -0004 O -; O -odds O -ratio O -= O -0 O -. O -974 O -) O -and O -increasing O -the O -IP O -infusion O -time O -of O -bupropion B-Chemical -HCl I-Chemical -120 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -91 O -% O -reduced O -odds O -of O -convulsions O -at O -infusion O -times O -of O -15 O -to O -90 O -min O -compared O -to O -bolus O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -increase O -in O -infusion O -time O -resulted O -in O -further O -reduction O -in O -the O -odds O -of O -convulsions O -to O -99 O -. O -8 O -% O -reduction O -at O -240 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -In O -conclusion O -, O -the O -demonstration O -of O -an O -inverse O -relationship O -between O -infusion O -time O -of O -a O -fixed O -and O -convulsive O -dose O -of O -bupropion B-Chemical -and O -the O -risk O -of O -convulsions O -in O -a O -prospective O -study O -is O -novel O -. O - -aps B-category -Graft O -- O -versus O -- O -host O -disease O -prophylaxis O -with O -everolimus B-Chemical -and O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -is O -associated O -with O -a O -high O -incidence O -of O -sinusoidal O -obstruction O -syndrome O -and O -microangiopathy O -: O -results O -of O -the O -EVTAC O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -calcineurin O -inhibitor O -combined O -with O -methotrexate B-Chemical -is O -the O -standard O -prophylaxis O -for O -graft O -- O -versus O -- O -host O -disease O -( O -GVHD O -) O -after O -allogeneic O -hematopoietic O -stem O -cell O -transplantation O -( O -HSCT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Everolimus B-Chemical -, O -a O -derivative O -of O -sirolimus B-Chemical -, O -seems O -to O -mediate O -antileukemia O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -on O -a O -combination O -of O -everolimus B-Chemical -and O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -in O -24 O -patients O -( O -median O -age O -, O -62 O -years O -) O -with O -either O -myelodysplastic O -syndrome O -( O -MDS O -; O -n O -= O -17 O -) O -or O -acute O -myeloid O -leukemia O -( O -AML O -; O -n O -= O -7 O -) O -undergoing O -intensive O -conditioning O -followed O -by O -HSCT O -from O -related O -( O -n O -= O -4 O -) O -or O -unrelated O -( O -n O -= O -20 O -) O -donors O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -engrafted O -, O -and O -only O -1 O -patient O -experienced O -grade O -IV O -mucositis O -. O - -aps B-category -Nine O -patients O -( O -37 O -% O -) O -developed O -acute O -grade O -II O -- O -IV O -GVHD O -, O -and O -11 O -of O -17 O -evaluable O -patients O -( O -64 O -% O -) O -developed O -chronic O -extensive O -GVHD O -. O - -aps B-category -Transplantation O -- O -associated O -microangiopathy O -( O -TMA O -) O -occurred O -in O -7 O -patients O -( O -29 O -% O -) O -, O -with O -2 O -cases O -of O -acute O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -was O -terminated O -prematurely O -because O -an O -additional O -6 O -patients O -( O -25 O -% O -) O -developed O -sinusoidal O -obstruction O -syndrome O -( O -SOS O -) O -, O -which O -was O -fatal O -in O -2 O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -a O -median O -follow O -- O -up O -of O -26 O -months O -, O -the O -2 O -- O -year O -overall O -survival O -rate O -was O -47 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -this O -new O -combination O -appears O -to O -be O -effective O -as O -a O -prophylactic O -regimen O -for O -acute O -GVHD O -, O -the O -incidence O -of O -TMA O -and O -SOS O -is O -considerably O -higher O -than O -seen O -with O -other O -regimens O -. O - -aps B-category -Longitudinal O -assessment O -of O -air O -conduction O -audiograms O -in O -a O -phase O -III O -clinical O -trial O -of O -difluoromethylornithine B-Chemical -and O -sulindac B-Chemical -for O -prevention O -of O -sporadic O -colorectal O -adenomas O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -phase O -III O -clinical O -trial O -assessed O -the O -recurrence O -of O -adenomatous O -polyps O -after O -treatment O -for O -36 O -months O -with O -difluoromethylornithine B-Chemical -( O -DFMO B-Chemical -) O -plus O -sulindac B-Chemical -or O -matched O -placebos O -. O - -aps B-category -Temporary O -hearing O -loss O -is O -a O -known O -toxicity O -of O -treatment O -with O -DFMO B-Chemical -, O -thus O -a O -comprehensive O -approach O -was O -developed O -to O -analyze O -serial O -air O -conduction O -audiograms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -generalized O -estimating O -equation O -method O -estimated O -the O -mean O -difference O -between O -treatment O -arms O -with O -regard O -to O -change O -in O -air O -conduction O -pure O -tone O -thresholds O -while O -accounting O -for O -within O -- O -subject O -correlation O -due O -to O -repeated O -measurements O -at O -frequencies O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -290 O -subjects O -, O -there O -was O -an O -average O -difference O -of O -0 O -. O -50 O -dB O -between O -subjects O -treated O -with O -DFMO B-Chemical -plus O -sulindac B-Chemical -compared O -with O -those O -treated O -with O -placebo O -( O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -, O -- O -0 O -. O -64 O -to O -1 O -. O -63 O -dB O -; O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -39 O -) O -, O -adjusted O -for O -baseline O -values O -, O -age O -, O -and O -frequencies O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -normal O -speech O -range O -of O -500 O -to O -3 O -, O -000 O -Hz O -, O -an O -estimated O -difference O -of O -0 O -. O -99 O -dB O -( O -- O -0 O -. O -17 O -to O -2 O -. O -14 O -dB O -; O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -09 O -) O -was O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -Dose O -intensity O -did O -not O -add O -information O -to O -models O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -14 O -of O -151 O -( O -9 O -. O -3 O -% O -) O -in O -the O -DFMO B-Chemical -plus O -sulindac B-Chemical -group O -and O -4 O -of O -139 O -( O -2 O -. O -9 O -% O -) O -in O -the O -placebo O -group O -who O -experienced O -at O -least O -15 O -dB O -hearing O -reduction O -from O -baseline O -in O -2 O -or O -more O -consecutive O -frequencies O -across O -the O -entire O -range O -tested O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Follow O -- O -up O -air O -conduction O -done O -at O -least O -6 O -months O -after O -end O -of O -treatment O -showed O -an O -adjusted O -mean O -difference O -in O -hearing O -thresholds O -of O -1 O -. O -08 O -dB O -( O -- O -0 O -. O -81 O -to O -2 O -. O -96 O -dB O -; O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -26 O -) O -between O -treatment O -arms O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -significant O -difference O -in O -the O -proportion O -of O -subjects O -in O -the O -DFMO B-Chemical -plus O -sulindac B-Chemical -group O -who O -experienced O -clinically O -significant O -hearing O -loss O -compared O -with O -the O -placebo O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -estimated O -attributable O -risk O -of O -ototoxicity O -from O -exposure O -to O -the O -drug O -is O -8 O -. O -4 O -% O -( O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -, O -- O -2 O -. O -0 O -% O -to O -18 O -. O -8 O -% O -; O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -12 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -a O -< O -2 O -dB O -difference O -in O -mean O -threshold O -for O -patients O -treated O -with O -DFMO B-Chemical -plus O -sulindac B-Chemical -compared O -with O -those O -treated O -with O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Proteinase O -3 O -- O -antineutrophil O -cytoplasmic O -antibody O -- O -( O -PR3 O -- O -ANCA O -) O -positive O -necrotizing O -glomerulonephritis O -after O -restarting O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -59 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -ulcerative O -colitis O -developed O -red O -eyes O -, O -pleural O -effusion O -, O -eosinophilia O -and O -urinary O -abnormalities O -after O -restarting O -of O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Light O -microscopy O -of O -a O -kidney O -biopsy O -revealed O -segmental O -necrotizing O -glomerulonephritis O -without O -deposition O -of O -immunoglobulin O -or O -complement O -. O - -aps B-category -Proteinase O -3 O -- O -antineutrophil O -cytoplasmic O -antibody O -( O -PR3 O -- O -ANCA O -) O -titer O -was O -elevated O -at O -183 O -ELISA O -units O -( O -EU O -) O -in O -sera O -( O -normal O -range O -less O -than O -10 O -EU O -) O -, O -myeloperoxidase O -- O -ANCA O -was O -negative O -. O - -aps B-category -PR3 O -- O -ANCA O -titer O -was O -250 O -and O -1 O -, O -070 O -EU O -in O -pleural O -effusions O -on O -right O -and O -left O -side O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -cessation O -of O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -treatment O -resulted O -in O -improvements O -in O -fever O -, O -red O -eyes O -, O -chest O -pain O -, O -titer O -of O -C O -- O -reactive O -protein O -and O -volume O -of O -the O -pleural O -effusions O -, O -we O -initiated O -steroid B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -because O -PR3 O -- O -ANCA O -titer O -rose O -to O -320 O -EU O -, O -eosinophil O -count O -increased O -to O -1 O -, O -100 O -cells O -/ O -microl O -, O -and O -the O -pleural O -effusion O -remained O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -month O -after O -steroid B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -the O -pleural O -effusion O -disappeared O -, O -and O -PR3 O -- O -ANCA O -titer O -normalized O -3 O -months O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -suggests O -that O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -can O -induce O -PR3 O -- O -ANCA O -- O -positive O -necrotizing O -glomerulonephritis O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -unilateral O -pallidotomy O -and O -subthalamotomy O -findings O -in O -advanced O -idiopathic O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -prospective O -, O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -pilot O -study O -to O -compare O -the O -results O -of O -stereotactic O -unilateral O -pallidotomy O -and O -subthalamotomy O -in O -advanced O -idiopathic O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -( O -PD O -) O -refractory O -to O -medical O -treatment O -was O -designed O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -consecutive O -patients O -( O -mean O -age O -, O -58 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -. O -8 O -years O -; O -7 O -men O -, O -3 O -women O -) O -with O -similar O -characteristics O -at O -the O -duration O -of O -disease O -( O -mean O -disease O -time O -, O -8 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -5 O -years O -) O -, O -disabling O -motor O -fluctuations O -( O -Hoehn O -_ O -Yahr O -stage O -3 O -- O -5 O -in O -off O -- O -drug O -phases O -) O -and O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -were O -selected O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -had O -bilateral O -symptoms O -and O -their O -levodopa B-Chemical -equivalent O -dosing O -were O -analysed O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -patients O -were O -operated O -on O -in O -the O -globus O -pallidus O -interna O -( O -GPi O -) O -and O -four O -in O -the O -subthalamic O -nucleus O -( O -STN O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -evaluation O -included O -the O -use O -of O -the O -Unified O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -Disease O -Rating O -Scale O -( O -UPDRS O -) O -, O -Hoehn O -_ O -Yahr O -score O -and O -Schwab O -England O -activities O -of O -daily O -living O -( O -ADL O -) O -score O -in O -' O -on O -' O -- O -and O -' O -off O -' O -- O -drug O -conditions O -before O -surgery O -and O -6 O -months O -after O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -statistically O -significant O -improvement O -in O -all O -contralateral O -major O -parkinsonian O -motor O -signs O -in O -all O -patients O -followed O -for O -6 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Levodopa B-Chemical -equivalent O -daily O -intake O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -in O -the O -STN O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -UPDRS O -, O -Hoehn O -_ O -Yahr O -and O -Schwab O -England O -ADL O -scores O -were O -similar O -in O -both O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Cognitive O -functions O -were O -unchanged O -in O -both O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Complications O -were O -observed O -in O -two O -patients O -: O -one O -had O -a O -left O -homonymous O -hemianopsia O -after O -pallidotomy O -and O -another O -one O -developed O -left O -hemiballistic O -movements O -3 O -days O -after O -subthalamotomy O -which O -partly O -improved O -within O -1 O -month O -with O -Valproate B-Chemical -1000 O -mg O -/ O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -of O -this O -study O -suggest O -that O -lesions O -of O -the O -unilateral O -STN O -and O -GPi O -are O -equally O -effective O -treatment O -for O -patients O -with O -advanced O -PD O -refractory O -to O -medical O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -DSMM O -XI O -study O -: O -dose O -definition O -for O -intravenous O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -bortezomib B-Chemical -/ O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -for O -remission O -induction O -in O -patients O -with O -newly O -diagnosed O -myeloma O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -clinical O -trial O -was O -initiated O -to O -evaluate O -the O -recommended O -dose O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -bortezomib B-Chemical -and O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -as O -induction O -treatment O -before O -stem O -cell O -transplantation O -for O -younger O -patients O -with O -newly O -diagnosed O -multiple O -myeloma O -( O -MM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -patients O -were O -treated O -with O -three O -21 O -- O -day O -cycles O -of O -bortezomib B-Chemical -1 O -. O -3 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -on O -days O -1 O -, O -4 O -, O -8 O -, O -and O -11 O -plus O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -40 O -mg O -on O -the O -day O -of O -bortezomib B-Chemical -injection O -and O -the O -day O -after O -plus O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -at O -900 O -, O -1 O -, O -200 O -, O -or O -1 O -, O -500 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -on O -day O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -tolerated O -dose O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -was O -defined O -as O -900 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -this O -dose O -level O -, O -92 O -% O -of O -patients O -achieved O -at O -least O -a O -partial O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -overall O -response O -rate O -[ O -complete O -response O -( O -CR O -) O -plus O -partial O -response O -( O -PR O -) O -] O -across O -all O -dose O -levels O -was O -77 O -% O -, O -with O -a O -10 O -% O -CR O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -patient O -experienced O -progressive O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -frequent O -adverse O -events O -were O -hematological O -and O -gastrointestinal O -toxicities O -as O -well O -as O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -bortezomib B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -at O -900 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -and O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -is O -an O -effective O -induction O -treatment O -for O -patients O -with O -newly O -diagnosed O -MM O -that O -warrants O -further O -investigation O -. O - -aps B-category -Naloxone B-Chemical -reversal O -of O -hypotension O -due O -to O -captopril B-Chemical -overdose O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hemodynamic O -effects O -of O -captopril B-Chemical -and O -other O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -converting I-Chemical -enzyme I-Chemical -inhibitors I-Chemical -may O -be O -mediated O -by O -the O -endogenous O -opioid O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -opioid O -antagonist O -naloxone B-Chemical -has O -been O -shown O -to O -block O -or O -reverse O -the O -hypotensive O -actions O -of O -captopril B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -an O -intentional O -captopril B-Chemical -overdose O -, O -manifested O -by O -marked O -hypotension O -, O -that O -resolved O -promptly O -with O -the O -administration O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -To O -our O -knowledge O -, O -this O -is O -the O -first O -reported O -case O -of O -captopril B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -treated O -with O -naloxone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -experience O -demonstrates O -a O -possible O -role O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -in O -the O -reversal O -of O -hypotension O -resulting O -from O -captopril B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Identification O -of O -a O -simple O -and O -sensitive O -microplate O -method O -for O -the O -detection O -of O -oversulfated O -chondroitin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -in O -heparin B-Chemical -products O -. O - -aps B-category -Heparin B-Chemical -is O -a O -commonly O -implemented O -anticoagulant O -used O -to O -treat O -critically O -ill O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Recently O -, O -a O -number O -of O -commercial O -lots O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -products O -were O -found O -to O -be O -contaminated O -with O -an O -oversulfated O -chondroitin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -( O -OSCS O -) O -derivative O -that O -could O -elicit O -a O -hypotensive O -response O -in O -pigs O -following O -a O -single O -high O -- O -dose O -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -both O -contaminated O -heparin B-Chemical -products O -and O -the O -synthetically O -produced O -derivative O -, O -we O -showed O -that O -the O -OSCS O -produces O -dose O -- O -dependent O -hypotension O -in O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -no O -observed O -effect O -level O -( O -NOEL O -) O -for O -this O -contaminant O -appears O -to O -be O -approximately O -1mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -corresponding O -to O -a O -contamination O -level O -of O -approximately O -3 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -also O -demonstrated O -that O -OSCS O -can O -be O -identified O -in O -heparin B-Chemical -products O -using O -a O -simple O -, O -inexpensive O -, O -commercially O -available O -heparin B-Chemical -enzyme O -immunoassay O -( O -EIA O -) O -kit O -that O -has O -a O -limit O -of O -detection O -of O -approximately O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -, O -well O -below O -the O -NOEL O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -kit O -may O -provide O -a O -useful O -method O -to O -test O -heparin B-Chemical -products O -for O -contamination O -with O -oversulfated O -GAG O -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -flourouracil I-Chemical -- O -induced O -apical O -ballooning O -syndrome O -: O -a O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apical O -ballooning O -syndrome O -( O -ABS O -) O -is O -a O -recently O -described O -stress O -- O -mediated O -acute O -cardiac O -syndrome O -characterized O -by O -transient O -wall O -- O -motion O -abnormalities O -involving O -the O -apex O -and O -midventricle O -with O -hyperkinesis O -of O -the O -basal O -left O -ventricular O -( O -LV O -) O -segments O -without O -obstructive O -epicardial O -coronary O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiotoxicity O -is O -not O -an O -uncommon O -adverse O -effect O -of O -chemotherapeutic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -there O -are O -no O -reports O -of O -ABS O -secondary O -to O -chemotherapeutic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -the O -case O -of O -a O -woman O -who O -developed O -the O -syndrome O -after O -chemotherapy O -for O -metastatic O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -79 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -presented O -with O -typical O -ischemic O -chest O -pain O -, O -elevated O -cardiac O -enzymes O -with O -significant O -ST O -- O -segment O -abnormalities O -on O -her O -electrocardiogram O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -underwent O -recent O -chemotherapy O -with O -fluorouracil B-Chemical -for O -metastatic O -colorectal O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Echocardiography O -revealed O -a O -wall O -- O -motion O -abnormality O -involving O -the O -apical O -and O -periapical O -segments O -which O -appeared O -akinetic O -. O - -aps B-category -Coronary O -angiography O -revealed O -no O -obstructive O -coronary O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -was O -stabilized O -with O -medical O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -weeks O -later O -she O -remained O -completely O -asymptomatic O -. O - -aps B-category -Echocardiogram O -revealed O -a O -normal O -ejection O -fraction O -and O -a O -resolution O -of O -the O -apical O -akinesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Pathogenetic O -mechanisms O -of O -cardiac O -complications O -in O -cancer O -patients O -undergoing O -chemotherapy O -include O -coronary O -vasospasm O -, O -endothelial O -damage O -and O -consequent O -thrombus O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -our O -patient O -, O -both O -supraphysiologic O -levels O -of O -plasma O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -stress O -related O -neuropeptides O -caused O -by O -cancer O -diagnosis O -as O -well O -as O -chemotherapy O -may O -have O -contributed O -the O -development O -of O -ABS O -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -reversal O -of O -anticoagulation O -reduces O -hemorrhage O -volume O -in O -a O -mouse O -model O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -- O -associated O -intracerebral O -hemorrhage O -. O - -aps B-category -Warfarin B-Chemical -- O -associated O -intracerebral O -hemorrhage O -( O -W O -- O -ICH O -) O -is O -a O -severe O -type O -of O -stroke O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -no O -consensus O -on O -the O -optimal O -treatment O -for O -W O -- O -ICH O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -a O -mouse O -model O -, O -we O -tested O -whether O -the O -rapid O -reversal O -of O -anticoagulation O -using O -human O -prothrombin B-Chemical -complex I-Chemical -concentrate I-Chemical -( O -PCC B-Chemical -) O -can O -reduce O -hemorrhagic O -blood O -volume O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -CD O -- O -1 O -mice O -were O -treated O -with O -warfarin B-Chemical -( O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -over O -24 O -h O -) O -, O -resulting O -in O -a O -mean O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -s O -. O -d O -. O -) O -International O -Normalized O -Ratio O -of O -3 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -9 O -. O - -aps B-category -First O -, O -we O -showed O -that O -an O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -human O -PCC B-Chemical -rapidly O -reversed O -anticoagulation O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Second O -, O -a O -stereotactic O -injection O -of O -collagenase O -was O -administered O -to O -induce O -hemorrhage O -in O -the O -right O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -- O -five O -minutes O -later O -, O -the O -animals O -were O -randomly O -treated O -with O -PCC B-Chemical -( O -100 O -U O -/ O -kg O -) O -or O -saline O -i O -. O -v O -. O -( O -n O -= O -12 O -per O -group O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -four O -hours O -after O -hemorrhage O -induction O -, O -hemorrhagic O -blood O -volume O -was O -quantified O -using O -a O -photometric O -hemoglobin O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -hemorrhagic O -blood O -volume O -was O -reduced O -in O -PCC B-Chemical -- O -treated O -animals O -( O -6 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -1 O -microL O -) O -compared O -with O -saline O -controls O -( O -15 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -11 O -. O -2 O -microL O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -015 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -saline O -group O -, O -45 O -% O -of O -the O -mice O -developed O -large O -hematomas O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -> O -15 O -microL O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -such O -extensive O -lesions O -were O -never O -found O -in O -the O -PCC B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -provide O -experimental O -data O -suggesting O -PCC B-Chemical -to O -be O -an O -effective O -acute O -treatment O -for O -W O -- O -ICH O -in O -terms O -of O -reducing O -hemorrhagic O -blood O -volume O -. O - -aps B-category -Future O -studies O -are O -needed O -to O -assess O -the O -therapeutic O -potential O -emerging O -from O -our O -finding O -for O -human O -W O -- O -ICH O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -term O -hormone O -therapy O -for O -perimenopausal O -and O -postmenopausal O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Hormone O -therapy O -( O -HT O -) O -is O -widely O -used O -for O -controlling O -menopausal O -symptoms O -and O -has O -also O -been O -used O -for O -the O -management O -and O -prevention O -of O -cardiovascular O -disease O -, O -osteoporosis O -and O -dementia O -in O -older O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -an O -updated O -version O -of O -the O -original O -Cochrane O -review O -first O -published O -in O -2005 O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -To O -assess O -the O -effect O -of O -long O -- O -term O -HT O -on O -mortality O -, O -cardiovascular O -outcomes O -, O -cancer O -, O -gallbladder O -disease O -, O -cognition O -, O -fractures O -and O -quality O -of O -life O -. O - -aps B-category -SEARCH O -STRATEGY O -: O -We O -searched O -the O -following O -databases O -to O -November O -2007 O -: O -Trials O -Register O -of O -the O -Cochrane O -Menstrual O -Disorders O -and O -Subfertility O -Group O -, O -Cochrane O -Central O -Register O -of O -Controlled O -Trials O -, O -MEDLINE O -, O -EMBASE O -, O -Biological O -Abstracts O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -relevant O -non O -- O -indexed O -journals O -and O -conference O -abstracts O -. O - -aps B-category -SELECTION O -CRITERIA O -: O -Randomised O -double O -- O -blind O -trials O -of O -HT O -versus O -placebo O -, O -taken O -for O -at O -least O -one O -year O -by O -perimenopausal O -or O -postmenopausal O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -HT O -included O -oestrogens B-Chemical -, O -with O -or O -without O -progestogens B-Chemical -, O -via O -oral O -, O -transdermal O -, O -subcutaneous O -or O -transnasal O -routes O -. O - -aps B-category -DATA O -COLLECTION O -AND O -ANALYSIS O -: O -Two O -authors O -independently O -assessed O -trial O -quality O -and O -extracted O -data O -. O - -aps B-category -MAIN O -RESULTS O -: O -Nineteen O -trials O -involving O -41 O -, O -904 O -women O -were O -included O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -relatively O -healthy O -women O -, O -combined O -continuous O -HT O -significantly O -increased O -the O -risk O -of O -venous O -thrombo O -- O -embolism O -or O -coronary O -event O -( O -after O -one O -year O -' O -s O -use O -) O -, O -stroke O -( O -after O -three O -years O -) O -, O -breast O -cancer O -and O -gallbladder O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -oestrogen B-Chemical -- O -only O -HT O -significantly O -increased O -the O -risk O -of O -venous O -thrombo O -- O -embolism O -, O -stroke O -and O -gallbladder O -disease O -( O -after O -one O -to O -two O -years O -, O -three O -years O -and O -seven O -years O -' O -use O -respectively O -) O -, O -but O -did O -not O -significantly O -increase O -the O -risk O -of O -breast O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -only O -statistically O -significant O -benefits O -of O -HT O -were O -a O -decreased O -incidence O -of O -fractures O -and O -( O -for O -combined O -HT O -) O -colon O -cancer O -, O -with O -long O -- O -term O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -women O -aged O -over O -65 O -who O -were O -relatively O -healthy O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -generally O -fit O -, O -without O -overt O -disease O -) O -and O -taking O -continuous O -combined O -HT O -, O -there O -was O -a O -statistically O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -incidence O -of O -dementia O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -women O -with O -cardiovascular O -disease O -, O -long O -- O -term O -use O -of O -combined O -continuous O -HT O -significantly O -increased O -the O -risk O -of O -venous O -thrombo O -- O -embolism O -. O -One O -trial O -analysed O -subgroups O -of O -2839 O -relatively O -healthy O -50 O -to O -59 O -year O -old O -women O -taking O -combined O -continuous O -HT O -and O -1637 O -taking O -oestrogen B-Chemical -- O -only O -HT O -, O -versus O -similar O -- O -sized O -placebo O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -only O -significantly O -increased O -risk O -reported O -was O -for O -venous O -thrombo O -- O -embolism O -in O -women O -taking O -combined O -continuous O -HT O -: O -their O -absolute O -risk O -remained O -low O -, O -at O -less O -than O -1 O -/ O -500 O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -this O -study O -was O -not O -powered O -to O -detect O -differences O -between O -groups O -of O -younger O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -AUTHORS O -' O -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -HT O -is O -not O -indicated O -for O -the O -routine O -management O -of O -chronic O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -need O -more O -evidence O -on O -the O -safety O -of O -HT O -for O -menopausal O -symptom O -control O -, O -though O -short O -- O -term O -use O -appears O -to O -be O -relatively O -safe O -for O -healthy O -younger O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -renal O -failure O -in O -patients O -with O -AIDS O -on O -tenofovir B-Chemical -while O -receiving O -prolonged O -vancomycin B-Chemical -course O -for O -osteomyelitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -failure O -developed O -after O -a O -prolonged O -course O -of O -vancomycin B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -2 O -patients O -who O -were O -receiving O -tenofovir B-Chemical -disoproxil I-Chemical -fumarate I-Chemical -as O -part O -of O -an O -antiretroviral O -regimen O -. O - -aps B-category -Tenofovir B-Chemical -has O -been O -implicated O -in O -the O -development O -of O -Fanconi O -syndrome O -and O -renal O -insufficiency O -because O -of O -its O -effects O -on O -the O -proximal O -renal O -tubule O -. O - -aps B-category -Vancomycin B-Chemical -nephrotoxicity O -is O -infrequent O -but O -may O -result O -from O -coadministration O -with O -a O -nephrotoxic O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinicians O -should O -be O -aware O -that O -tenofovir B-Chemical -may O -raise O -the O -risk O -of O -renal O -failure O -during O -prolonged O -administration O -of O -vancomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Recurrent O -dysosmia O -induced O -by O -pyrazinamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pyrazinamide B-Chemical -can O -have O -adverse O -effects O -such O -as O -hepatic O -toxicity O -, O -hyperuricemia O -or O -digestive O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rare O -cases O -, O -alterations O -in O -taste O -and O -smell O -function O -have O -been O -reported O -for O -pyrazinamide B-Chemical -when O -combined O -with O -other O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -reversible O -olfactory O -disorder O -related O -to O -pyrazinamide B-Chemical -in O -a O -woman O -, O -with O -a O -positive O -rechallenge O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -presented O -every O -day O -a O -sensation O -of O -smelling O -something O -burning O -15 O -min O -after O -drug O -intake O -. O - -aps B-category -Dysosmia O -disappeared O -completely O -after O -pyrazinamide B-Chemical -withdrawal O -and O -recurred O -after O -its O -rechallenge O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -case O -was O -reported O -to O -the O -Tunisian O -Centre O -of O -Pharmacovigilance O -. O - -aps B-category -Mice O -lacking O -mPGES O -- O -1 O -are O -resistant O -to O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -polyuria O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclooxygenase O -- O -2 O -activity O -is O -required O -for O -the O -development O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -polyuria O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -involvement O -of O -a O -specific O -, O -terminal O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -( O -PG B-Chemical -) O -isomerase O -has O -not O -been O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -undertaken O -to O -assess O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -polyuria O -in O -mice O -deficient O -in O -microsomal O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -synthase O -- O -1 O -( O -mPGES O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -2 O -- O -wk O -administration O -of O -LiCl B-Chemical -( O -4 O -mmol O -. O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -. O -day O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -ip O -) O -in O -mPGES O -- O -1 O -+ O -/ O -+ O -mice O -led O -to O -a O -marked O -polyuria O -with O -hyposmotic O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -associated O -with O -elevated O -renal O -mPGES O -- O -1 O -protein O -expression O -and O -increased O -urine O -PGE B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -mPGES O -- O -1 O -- O -/ O -- O -mice O -were O -largely O -resistant O -to O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -polyuria O -and O -a O -urine O -concentrating O -defect O -, O -accompanied O -by O -nearly O -complete O -blockade O -of O -high O -urine O -PGE B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -and O -cAMP O -output O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunoblotting O -, O -immunohistochemistry O -, O -and O -quantitative O -( O -q O -) O -RT O -- O -PCR O -consistently O -detected O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -aquaporin O -- O -2 O -( O -AQP2 O -) O -protein O -expression O -in O -both O -the O -renal O -cortex O -and O -medulla O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -treated O -+ O -/ O -+ O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -decrease O -was O -significantly O -attenuated O -in O -the O -- O -/ O -- O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -qRT O -- O -PCR O -detected O -similar O -patterns O -of O -changes O -in O -AQP2 O -mRNA O -in O -the O -medulla O -but O -not O -in O -the O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -the O -total O -protein O -abundance O -of O -the O -Na B-Chemical -- O -K B-Chemical -- O -2Cl B-Chemical -cotransporter O -( O -NKCC2 O -) O -in O -the O -medulla O -but O -not O -in O -the O -cortex O -of O -the O -+ O -/ O -+ O -mice O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -by O -lithium B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -the O -dowregulation O -of O -renal O -medullary O -NKCC2 O -expression O -was O -significantly O -attenuated O -in O -the O -- O -/ O -- O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -mPGES O -- O -1 O -- O -derived O -PGE B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -mediates O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -polyuria O -likely O -via O -inhibition O -of O -AQP2 O -and O -NKCC2 O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -Preservation O -of O -renal O -blood O -flow O -during O -hypotension O -induced O -with O -fenoldopam B-Chemical -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -introduction O -of O -drugs O -that O -could O -induce O -hypotension O -with O -different O -pharmacological O -actions O -would O -be O -advantageous O -because O -side O -effects O -unique O -to O -a O -specific O -drug O -could O -be O -minimized O -by O -selecting O -appropriate O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -dopamine B-Chemical -- O -1 O -, O -( O -DA1 B-Chemical -) O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -- O -2 O -( O -DA2 B-Chemical -) O -receptor O -agonists O -are O -now O -under O -clinical O -investigation O -. O - -aps B-category -Fenoldopam B-Chemical -mesylate I-Chemical -is O -a O -specific O -DA1 O -receptor O -agonist O -that O -lowers O -blood O -pressure O -by O -vasodilatation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypothesis O -that O -fenoldopam B-Chemical -could O -be O -used O -to O -induce O -hypotension O -and O -preserve O -blood O -flow O -to O -the O -kidney O -was O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -Systemic O -aortic O -blood O -pressure O -and O -renal O -blood O -flow O -were O -measured O -continuously O -with O -a O -carotid O -arterial O -catheter O -and O -an O -electromagnetic O -flow O -probe O -respectively O -, O -in O -order O -to O -compare O -the O -cardiovascular O -and O -renal O -vascular O -effects O -of O -fenoldopam B-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside B-Chemical -in O -ten O -dogs O -under O -halothane B-Chemical -general O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -arterial O -pressure O -was O -decreased O -30 O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -per O -cent O -from O -control O -with O -infusion O -of O -fenoldopam B-Chemical -( O -3 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -0 O -micrograms O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -. O -min O -- O -1 O -) O -and O -34 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -per O -cent O -with O -infusion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside B-Chemical -( O -5 O -. O -9 O -micrograms O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -. O -min O -- O -1 O -) O -( O -NS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -blood O -flow O -( O -RBF O -) O -increased O -during O -fenoldopam B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -11 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -per O -cent O -and O -decreased O -21 O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -per O -cent O -during O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -is O -a O -non O -- O -selective O -arteriolar O -and O -venous O -vasodilator O -that O -can O -produce O -redistribution O -of O -blood O -flow O -away O -from O -the O -kidney O -during O -induced O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Fenoldopam O -is O -a O -selective O -dopamine B-Chemical -- O -1 O -( O -DA1 O -) O -receptor O -agonist O -that O -causes O -vasodilatation O -to O -the O -kidney O -and O -other O -organs O -with O -DA1 O -receptors O -and O -preserves O -blood O -flow O -to O -the O -kidney O -during O -induced O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Seizures O -associated O -with O -levofloxacin B-Chemical -: O -case O -presentation O -and O -literature O -review O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -We O -present O -a O -case O -of O -a O -patient O -who O -developed O -seizures O -shortly O -after O -initiating O -treatment O -with O -levofloxacin B-Chemical -and O -to O -discuss O -the O -potential O -drug O -- O -drug O -interactions O -related O -to O -the O -inhibition O -of O -cytochrome O -P450 O -( O -CYP O -) O -1A2 O -in O -this O -case O -, O -as O -well O -as O -in O -other O -cases O -, O -of O -levofloxacin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Several O -biomedical O -databases O -were O -searched O -including O -MEDLINE O -, O -Cochrane O -and O -Ovid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -main O -search O -terms O -utilized O -were O -case O -report O -and O -levofloxacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -search O -was O -limited O -to O -studies O -published O -in O -English O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Six O -cases O -of O -levofloxacin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -have O -been O -reported O -in O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -- O -drug O -interactions O -related O -to O -the O -inhibition O -of O -CYP1A2 O -by O -levofloxacin B-Chemical -are O -likely O -involved O -in O -the O -clinical O -outcome O -of O -these O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Clinicians O -are O -exhorted O -to O -pay O -close O -attention O -when O -initiating O -levofloxacin B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -patients O -taking O -medications O -with O -epileptogenic O -properties O -that O -are O -CYP1A2 O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -Dextran B-Chemical -- O -etodolac B-Chemical -conjugates O -: O -synthesis O -, O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -evaluation O -. O - -aps B-category -Etodolac B-Chemical -( O -E B-Chemical -) O -, O -is O -a O -non O -- O -narcotic O -analgesic O -and O -antiinflammatory O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -biodegradable O -polymer O -dextran B-Chemical -has O -been O -utilized O -as O -a O -carrier O -for O -synthesis O -of O -etodolac B-Chemical -- O -dextran B-Chemical -conjugates O -( O -ED O -) O -to O -improve O -its O -aqueous O -solubility O -and O -reduce O -gastrointestinal O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -activated O -moiety O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acylimidazole I-Chemical -derivative O -of O -etodolac B-Chemical -( O -EAI B-Chemical -) O -, O -was O -condensed O -with O -the O -polysaccharide O -polymer O -dextran B-Chemical -of O -different O -molecular O -weights O -( O -40000 O -, O -60000 O -, O -110000 O -and O -200000 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -IR O -spectral O -data O -confirmed O -formation O -of O -ester O -bonding O -in O -the O -conjugates O -. O - -aps B-category -Etodolac B-Chemical -contents O -were O -evaluated O -by O -UV O -- O -spectrophotometric O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weights O -were O -determined O -by O -measuring O -viscosity O -using O -the O -Mark O -- O -Howink O -- O -Sakurada O -equation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -hydrolysis O -of O -ED O -was O -done O -in O -aqueous O -buffers O -( O -pH O -1 O -. O -2 O -, O -7 O -. O -4 O -, O -9 O -) O -and O -in O -80 O -% O -( O -v O -/ O -v O -) O -human O -plasma O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -9 O -, O -a O -higher O -rate O -of O -etodolac B-Chemical -release O -from O -ED O -was O -observed O -as O -compared O -to O -aqueous O -buffer O -of O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -and O -80 O -% O -human O -plasma O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -) O -, O -following O -first O -- O -order O -kinetics O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -investigations O -were O -performed O -in O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -analgesic O -and O -antiinflammatory O -activities O -were O -ascertained O -using O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -induced O -writhing O -model O -( O -mice O -) O -and O -carrageenan B-Chemical -- O -induced O -rat O -paw O -edema O -model O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -comparison O -to O -control O -, O -E B-Chemical -and O -ED1 O -- O -ED4 O -showed O -highly O -significant O -analgesic O -and O -antiinflammatory O -activities O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Biological O -evaluation O -suggested O -that O -conjugates O -( O -ED1 O -- O -ED4 O -) O -retained O -comparable O -analgesic O -and O -antiinflammatory O -activities O -with O -remarkably O -reduced O -ulcerogenicity O -as O -compared O -to O -their O -parent O -drug O -- O -- O -etodolac B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antiarrhythmic O -effect O -and O -possible O -ionic O -mechanisms O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -on O -animal O -models O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -evaluate O -the O -effects O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -and O -explore O -the O -underlying O -ionic O -mechanism O -, O -using O -both O -aconitine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -rat O -and O -ouabain B-Chemical -- O -induced O -guinea O -pig O -arrhythmia O -models O -. O - -aps B-category -Confocal O -microscopy O -was O -used O -to O -measure O -intracellular O -free O -- O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -( O -[ O -Ca B-Chemical -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -] O -( O -i O -) O -) O -in O -isolated O -myocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -current O -data O -showed O -that O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -significantly O -delayed O -onset O -of O -arrhythmias O -, O -decreased O -the O -time O -course O -of O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -and O -fibrillation O -, O -reduced O -arrhythmia O -score O -, O -and O -increased O -the O -survival O -time O -of O -arrhythmic O -rats O -and O -guinea O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Ca B-Chemical -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -] O -( O -i O -) O -overload O -induced O -by O -aconitine B-Chemical -or O -ouabain B-Chemical -was O -reduced O -in O -isolated O -myocytes O -pretreated O -with O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -M O -( O -3 O -) O -- O -muscarinic O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptor O -( O -mAChR O -) O -antagonist O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DAMP I-Chemical -( O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diphenylacetoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylpiperidine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methiodide I-Chemical -) O -partially O -abolished O -the O -beneficial O -effects O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -produced O -antiarrhythmic O -actions O -on O -arrhythmic O -rat O -and O -guinea O -pig O -models O -induced O -by O -aconitine B-Chemical -or O -ouabain B-Chemical -via O -stimulating O -the O -cardiac O -M O -( O -3 O -) O -- O -mAChR O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -may O -be O -related O -to O -the O -improvement O -of O -Ca B-Chemical -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -handling O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -Hibiscus B-Chemical -rosa I-Chemical -sinensis I-Chemical -on O -reserpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -neurobehavioral O -and O -biochemical O -alterations O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -methanolic O -extract O -of O -Hibiscus B-Chemical -rosa I-Chemical -sinensis I-Chemical -( O -100 O -- O -300 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -was O -studied O -on O -reserpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -orofacial O -dyskinesia O -and O -neurochemical O -alterations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rats O -were O -treated O -with O -intraperitoneal O -reserpine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -ip O -) O -for O -3 O -days O -every O -other O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -day O -5 O -, O -vacuous O -chewing O -movements O -and O -tongue O -protrusions O -were O -counted O -for O -5 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Reserpine B-Chemical -treated O -rats O -significantly O -developed O -vacuous O -chewing O -movements O -and O -tongue O -protrusions O -however O -, O -coadministration O -of O -Hibiscus B-Chemical -rosa I-Chemical -sinensis I-Chemical -roots O -extract O -( O -100 O -, O -200 O -and O -300 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -per O -orally O -) O -attenuated O -the O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -analysis O -of O -brain O -revealed O -that O -the O -reserpine B-Chemical -treatment O -significantly O -increased O -lipid O -peroxidation O -and O -decreased O -levels O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -( O -SOD O -) O -, O -catalase O -( O -CAT O -) O -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -( O -GSH O -) O -, O -an O -index O -of O -oxidative O -stress O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -Coadministration O -of O -extract O -significantly O -reduced O -the O -lipid O -peroxidation O -and O -reversed O -the O -decrease O -in O -brain O -SOD O -, O -CAT O -and O -GSH O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -the O -present O -study O -suggested O -that O -Hibiscus B-Chemical -rosa I-Chemical -sinensis I-Chemical -had O -a O -protective O -role O -against O -reserpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -orofacial O -dyskinesia O -and O -oxidative O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -Dynamic O -response O -of O -blood O -vessel O -in O -acute O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -we O -postulated O -that O -during O -acute O -renal O -failure O -induced O -by O -gentamicin B-Chemical -the O -transient O -or O -dynamic O -response O -of O -blood O -vessels O -could O -be O -affected O -, O -and O -that O -antioxidants O -can O -prevent O -the O -changes O -in O -dynamic O -responses O -of O -blood O -vessels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -new O -approach O -to O -ex O -vivo O -blood O -vessel O -experiments O -in O -which O -not O -only O -the O -end O -points O -of O -vessels O -response O -within O -the O -time O -interval O -is O -considered O -, O -but O -also O -dynamics O -of O -this O -response O -, O -was O -used O -in O -this O -paper O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -confirm O -the O -alteration O -in O -dynamic O -response O -of O -blood O -vessels O -during O -the O -change O -of O -pressure O -in O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -beneficial O -effects O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -administration O -to O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -animals O -are O -also O -confirmed O -through O -: O -lower O -level O -of O -blood O -urea B-Chemical -and O -creatinine B-Chemical -and O -higher O -level O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pressure O -dynamic O -responses O -of O -isolated O -blood O -vessels O -show O -a O -faster O -pressure O -change O -in O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -animals O -( O -8 O -. O -07 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -7 O -s O -vs O -. O -5 O -. O -64 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -18 O -s O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -administration O -induced O -slowdown O -of O -pressure O -change O -back O -to O -the O -control O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pressure O -dynamic O -properties O -, O -quantitatively O -defined O -by O -comparative O -pressure O -dynamic O -and O -total O -pressure O -dynamic O -, O -confirm O -the O -alteration O -in O -dynamic O -response O -of O -blood O -vessels O -during O -the O -change O -of O -pressure O -in O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -animals O -and O -beneficial O -effects O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversible O -myocardial O -hypertrophy O -induced O -by O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -in O -a O -pediatric O -heart O -transplant O -recipient O -: O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -Tacrolimus B-Chemical -is O -a O -potent O -immunosuppressant O -that O -is O -frequently O -used O -in O -organ O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -adverse O -effects O -include O -cardiac O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Herein O -we O -describe O -transient O -myocardial O -hypertrophy O -induced O -by O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -after O -heart O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypertrophy O -caused O -no O -clinical O -symptoms O -but O -was O -noted O -because O -of O -elevation O -of O -plasma O -brain O -natriuretic O -peptide O -concentration O -and O -confirmed O -at O -echocardiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Initially O -, O -allograft O -rejection O -was O -feared O -; O -however O -, O -myocardial O -biopsy O -samples O -revealed O -only O -interstitial O -edema O -and O -mild O -myocardial O -hypertrophy O -; O -neither O -cellular O -nor O -humoral O -rejection O -was O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -blood O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -higher O -than O -usual O -at O -that O -time O -; O -thus O -, O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -dosage O -was O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -Myocardial O -hypertrophy O -completely O -resolved O -upon O -reducing O -the O -target O -concentration O -of O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -and O -did O -not O -recur O -, O -as O -confirmed O -at O -echocardiography O -and O -myocardial O -biopsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -we O -conclude O -that O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -induces O -reversible O -myocardial O -hypertrophy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -receiving O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -blood O -concentration O -should O -be O -carefully O -controlled O -and O -extreme O -attention O -paid O -to O -cardiac O -involvement O -. O - -aps B-category -Nimodipine B-Chemical -prevents O -memory O -impairment O -caused O -by O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -in O -adult O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Hypotension O -and O -a O -resultant O -decrease O -in O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -have O -been O -implicated O -in O -the O -development O -of O -cognitive O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -tested O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -nimodipine B-Chemical -( O -NIMO B-Chemical -) O -administered O -at O -the O -onset O -of O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -( O -NTG B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -hypotension O -would O -preserve O -long O -- O -term O -associative O -memory O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -The O -passive O -avoidance O -( O -PA O -) O -paradigm O -was O -used O -to O -assess O -memory O -retention O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -PA O -training O -, O -latencies O -( O -seconds O -) O -were O -recorded O -for O -entry O -from O -a O -suspended O -platform O -into O -a O -Plexiglas O -tube O -where O -a O -shock O -was O -automatically O -delivered O -. O - -aps B-category -Latencies O -were O -recorded O -48 O -h O -later O -for O -a O -testing O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -Ninety O -- O -six O -Swiss O -- O -Webster O -mice O -( O -30 O -- O -35 O -g O -, O -6 O -- O -8 O -wk O -) O -, O -were O -randomized O -into O -6 O -groups O -1 O -) O -saline O -( O -control O -) O -, O -2 O -) O -NTG B-Chemical -immediately O -after O -learning O -, O -3 O -) O -NTG B-Chemical -3 O -h O -after O -learning O -, O -4 O -) O -NTG B-Chemical -and O -NIMO B-Chemical -, O -5 O -) O -vehicle O -, O -and O -6 O -) O -NIMO B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extent O -of O -hypotension O -and O -changes O -in O -brain O -tissue O -oxygenation O -( O -PbtO O -( O -2 O -) O -) O -and O -in O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -were O -studied O -in O -a O -separate O -group O -of O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -All O -groups O -exhibited O -similar O -training O -latencies O -( O -17 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -6 O -s O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Mice O -subjected O -to O -hypotensive O -episodes O -showed O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -latency O -time O -( O -178 O -+ O -/ O -- O -156 O -s O -) O -compared O -with O -those O -injected O -with O -saline O -, O -NTG B-Chemical -+ O -NIMO B-Chemical -, O -or O -delayed O -NTG B-Chemical -( O -580 O -+ O -/ O -- O -81 O -s O -, O -557 O -+ O -/ O -- O -67 O -s O -, O -and O -493 O -+ O -/ O -- O -146 O -s O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -Kruskal O -- O -Wallis O -1 O -- O -way O -analysis O -of O -variance O -indicated O -a O -significant O -difference O -among O -the O -4 O -treatment O -groups O -( O -H O -= O -15 O -. O -34 O -; O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -separate O -group O -of O -mice O -not O -subjected O -to O -behavioral O -studies O -, O -the O -same O -dose O -of O -NTG B-Chemical -( O -n O -= O -3 O -) O -and O -NTG B-Chemical -+ O -NIMO B-Chemical -( O -n O -= O -3 O -) O -caused O -mean O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -to O -decrease O -from O -85 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -8 O -mm O -Hg O -sem O -to O -31 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -8 O -mm O -Hg O -sem O -and O -from O -86 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -7 O -mm O -Hg O -sem O -to O -32 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -mm O -Hg O -sem O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -in O -mice O -treated O -with O -NIMO B-Chemical -alone O -decreased O -from O -88 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -8 O -mm O -Hg O -to O -80 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -9 O -mm O -Hg O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intergroup O -difference O -was O -statistically O -significant O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -PbtO O -( O -2 O -) O -decreased O -from O -51 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -5 O -mm O -Hg O -sem O -to O -33 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -. O -2 O -mm O -Hg O -sem O -in O -the O -NTG B-Chemical -group O -and O -from O -38 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -. O -1 O -mm O -Hg O -sem O -to O -25 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -0 O -mm O -Hg O -sem O -in O -the O -NTG B-Chemical -+ O -NIMO B-Chemical -groups O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -significant O -differences O -among O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -In O -a O -PA O -retention O -paradigm O -, O -the O -injection O -of O -NTG B-Chemical -immediately O -after O -learning O -produced O -a O -significant O -impairment O -of O -long O -- O -term O -associative O -memory O -in O -mice O -, O -whereas O -delayed O -induced O -hypotension O -had O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -NIMO B-Chemical -attenuated O -the O -disruption O -in O -consolidation O -of O -long O -- O -term O -memory O -caused O -by O -NTG B-Chemical -but O -did O -not O -improve O -latency O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -observed O -effect O -of O -NIMO B-Chemical -may O -have O -been O -attributable O -to O -the O -preservation O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -homeostasis O -during O -hypotension O -, O -because O -there O -were O -no O -differences O -in O -the O -PbtO O -( O -2 O -) O -indices O -among O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabotropic O -glutamate B-Chemical -7 O -receptor O -subtype O -modulates O -motor O -symptoms O -in O -rodent O -models O -of O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabotropic O -glutamate B-Chemical -( O -mGlu O -) O -receptors O -modulate O -synaptic O -transmission O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -and O -represent O -promising O -therapeutic O -targets O -for O -symptomatic O -treatment O -of O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -( O -PD O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -eight O -mGlu O -receptor O -subtypes O -, O -mGlu7 O -receptor O -is O -prominently O -expressed O -in O -the O -basal O -ganglia O -, O -but O -its O -role O -in O -restoring O -motor O -function O -in O -animal O -models O -of O -PD O -is O -not O -known O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -N B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dibenzhydrylethane I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diamine I-Chemical -dihydrochloride I-Chemical -( O -AMN082 B-Chemical -) O -, O -the O -first O -selective O -allosteric O -activator O -of O -mGlu7 O -receptors O -, O -were O -thus O -tested O -in O -different O -rodent O -models O -of O -PD O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -, O -we O -show O -that O -oral O -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -or O -intrastriatal O -administration O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -and O -0 O -. O -5 O -nmol O -) O -of O -AMN082 B-Chemical -reverses O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -AMN082 B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -and O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -reduces O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -rotations O -in O -unilateral O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -( O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -) O -- O -lesioned O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -more O -complex O -task O -commonly O -used O -to O -evaluate O -major O -akinetic O -symptoms O -of O -PD O -patients O -, O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -AMN082 B-Chemical -reverses O -the O -increased O -reaction O -time O -to O -respond O -to O -a O -cue O -of O -bilateral O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -- O -lesioned O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -AMN082 B-Chemical -reduces O -the O -duration O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -in O -a O -mGlu7 O -receptor O -- O -dependent O -manner O -in O -wild O -- O -type O -but O -not O -mGlu7 O -receptor O -knockout O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Higher O -doses O -of O -AMN082 B-Chemical -( O -10 O -and O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -p O -. O -o O -. O -) O -have O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -same O -models O -of O -PD O -. O - -aps B-category -Overall O -these O -findings O -suggest O -that O -mGlu7 O -receptor O -activation O -can O -reverse O -motor O -dysfunction O -associated O -with O -reduced O -dopamine B-Chemical -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -ligands O -of O -mGlu7 O -receptor O -subtypes O -may O -thus O -be O -considered O -as O -promising O -compounds O -for O -the O -development O -of O -antiparkinsonian O -therapeutic O -strategies O -. O - -aps B-category -Sorafenib B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -myocardial O -infarction O -due O -to O -coronary O -artery O -spasm O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -65 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -with O -advanced O -renal O -cell O -carcinoma O -was O -admitted O -due O -to O -continuing O -chest O -pain O -at O -rest O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -weeks O -before O -his O -admission O -, O -sorafenib B-Chemical -had O -been O -started O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -was O -diagnosed O -with O -non O -- O -ST O -- O -elevation O -myocardial O -infarction O -by O -laboratory O -data O -and O -electrocardiogram O -. O - -aps B-category -Enhanced O -heart O -magnetic O -resonance O -imaging O -also O -showed O -subendocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -there O -was O -no O -stenosis O -in O -coronary O -arteries O -on O -angiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Coronary O -artery O -spasm O -was O -induced O -by O -a O -provocative O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Cessation O -of O -sorafenib B-Chemical -and O -administration O -of O -Ca B-Chemical -- O -channel O -blocker O -and O -nitrates B-Chemical -ameliorated O -his O -symptoms O -, O -but O -relapse O -occurred O -after O -resumption O -of O -sorafenib B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -oral O -nicorandil B-Chemical -reduced O -his O -symptoms O -and O -maintained O -stable O -angina O -status O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -first O -case O -of O -sorafenib B-Chemical -- O -induced O -coronary O -artery O -spasm O -. O - -aps B-category -Sorafenib B-Chemical -is O -a O -multikinase O -inhibitor O -that O -targets O -signaling O -pathways O -necessary O -for O -cellular O -proliferation O -and O -survival O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -Rho O -/ O -ROCK O -pathway O -has O -an O -important O -role O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -coronary O -artery O -spasm O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -report O -may O -show O -an O -adverse O -effect O -on O -the O -Rho O -/ O -ROCK O -pathway O -by O -sorafenib B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -novel O -animal O -model O -to O -evaluate O -the O -ability O -of O -a O -drug O -delivery O -system O -to O -promote O -the O -passage O -through O -the O -BBB O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -investigation O -was O -to O -explore O -the O -potentiality O -of O -a O -novel O -animal O -model O -to O -be O -used O -for O -the O -in O -vivo O -evaluation O -of O -the O -ability O -of O -a O -drug O -delivery O -system O -to O -promote O -the O -passage O -through O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -( O -BBB O -) O -and O -/ O -or O -to O -improve O -the O -brain O -localization O -of O -a O -bioactive O -compound O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -Tween O -80 O -- O -coated O -poly B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactid I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -nanoparticles O -was O -used O -as O -a O -model O -of O -colloidal O -drug O -delivery O -system O -, O -able O -to O -trespass O -the O -BBB O -. O - -aps B-category -Tacrine B-Chemical -, O -administered O -in O -LiCl B-Chemical -pre O -- O -treated O -rats O -, O -induces O -electrocorticographic O -seizures O -and O -delayed O -hippocampal O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -toxic O -effects O -of O -tacrine B-Chemical -- O -loaded O -poly B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactid I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -nanoparticles O -( O -5mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -a O -saline O -solution O -of O -tacrine B-Chemical -( O -5mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -an O -empty O -colloidal O -nanoparticle O -suspension O -were O -compared O -following O -i O -. O -p O -. O -administration O -in O -LiCl B-Chemical -- O -pre O -- O -treated O -Wistar O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -the O -animals O -treated O -with O -tacrine B-Chemical -- O -loaded O -nanoparticles O -showed O -an O -earlier O -outcome O -of O -CNS O -adverse O -symptoms O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -epileptic O -onset O -, O -with O -respect O -to O -those O -animals O -treated O -with O -the O -free O -compound O -( O -10 O -min O -vs O -. O -22 O -min O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -tacrine B-Chemical -- O -loaded O -nanoparticles O -administration O -induced O -damage O -of O -neuronal O -cells O -in O -CA1 O -field O -of O -the O -hippocampus O -in O -all O -treated O -animals O -, O -while O -the O -saline O -solution O -of O -tacrine B-Chemical -only O -in O -60 O -% O -of O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Empty O -nanoparticles O -provided O -similar O -results O -to O -control O -( O -saline O -- O -treated O -) O -group O -of O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -the O -evaluation O -of O -time O -- O -to O -- O -onset O -of O -symptoms O -and O -the O -severity O -of O -neurodegenerative O -processes O -induced O -by O -the O -tacrine B-Chemical -- O -lithium B-Chemical -model O -of O -epilepsy O -in O -the O -rat O -, O -could O -be O -used O -to O -evaluate O -preliminarily O -the O -capability O -of O -a O -drug O -delivery O -system O -to O -trespass O -( O -or O -not O -) O -the O -BBB O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -- O -dose O -tranexamic B-Chemical -Acid I-Chemical -is O -associated O -with O -nonischemic O -clinical O -seizures O -in O -cardiac O -surgical O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -In O -2 O -separate O -centers O -, O -we O -observed O -a O -notable O -increase O -in O -the O -incidence O -of O -postoperative O -convulsive O -seizures O -from O -1 O -. O -3 O -% O -to O -3 O -. O -8 O -% O -in O -patients O -having O -undergone O -major O -cardiac O -surgical O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -events O -were O -temporally O -coincident O -with O -the O -initial O -use O -of O -high O -- O -dose O -tranexamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -TXA B-Chemical -) O -therapy O -after O -withdrawal O -of O -aprotinin O -from O -general O -clinical O -usage O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -review O -was O -to O -perform O -a O -retrospective O -analysis O -to O -examine O -whether O -there O -was O -a O -relation O -between O -TXA B-Chemical -usage O -and O -seizures O -after O -cardiac O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -An O -in O -- O -depth O -chart O -review O -was O -undertaken O -in O -all O -24 O -patients O -who O -developed O -perioperative O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Electroencephalographic O -activity O -was O -recorded O -in O -11 O -of O -these O -patients O -, O -and O -all O -patients O -had O -a O -formal O -neurological O -evaluation O -and O -brain O -imaging O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Twenty O -- O -one O -of O -the O -24 O -patients O -did O -not O -have O -evidence O -of O -new O -cerebral O -ischemic O -injury O -, O -but O -seizures O -were O -likely O -due O -to O -ischemic O -brain O -injury O -in O -3 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -with O -seizures O -did O -not O -have O -permanent O -neurological O -abnormalities O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -24 O -patients O -with O -seizures O -received O -high O -doses O -of O -TXA B-Chemical -intraoperatively O -ranging O -from O -61 O -to O -259 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -had O -a O -mean O -age O -of O -69 O -. O -9 O -years O -, O -and O -21 O -of O -24 O -had O -undergone O -open O -chamber O -rather O -than O -coronary O -bypass O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -but O -one O -patient O -were O -managed O -using O -cardiopulmonary O -bypass O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -evidence O -of O -brain O -ischemic O -, O -metabolic O -, O -or O -hyperthermia O -- O -induced O -causes O -for O -their O -seizures O -was O -apparent O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Our O -results O -suggest O -that O -use O -of O -high O -- O -dose O -TXA B-Chemical -in O -older O -patients O -in O -conjunction O -with O -cardiopulmonary O -bypass O -and O -open O -- O -chamber O -cardiac O -surgery O -is O -associated O -with O -clinical O -seizures O -in O -susceptible O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrocardiographic O -changes O -and O -cardiac O -arrhythmias O -in O -patients O -receiving O -psychotropic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -patients O -had O -cardiac O -manifestations O -that O -were O -life O -- O -threatening O -in O -five O -while O -taking O -psychotropic O -drugs O -, O -either O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -or O -tricyclic O -antidepressants O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -most O -patients O -were O -receiving O -several O -drugs O -, O -Mellaril B-Chemical -( O -thioridazine B-Chemical -) O -appeared O -to O -be O -responsible O -for O -five O -cases O -of O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -, O -one O -of O -which O -was O -fatal O -in O -a O -35 O -year O -old O -woman O -. O - -aps B-category -Supraventricular O -tachycardia O -developed O -in O -one O -patient O -receiving O -Thorazine B-Chemical -( O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Aventyl B-Chemical -( O -nortriptyline B-Chemical -) O -and O -Elavil B-Chemical -( O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -) O -each O -produced O -left O -bundle O -branch O -block O -in O -a O -73 O -year O -old O -woman O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrocardiographic O -T O -and O -U O -wave O -abnormalities O -were O -present O -in O -most O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ventricular O -arrhythmias O -responded O -to O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -and O -to O -direct O -current O -electric O -shock O -; O -ventricular O -pacing O -was O -required O -in O -some O -instances O -and O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -combined O -with O -ventricular O -pacing O -in O -one O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tachyarrhythmias O -generally O -subsided O -within O -48 O -hours O -after O -administration O -of O -the O -drugs O -was O -stopped O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -of O -the O -eight O -patients O -were O -50 O -years O -of O -age O -or O -younger O -; O -only O -one O -clearly O -had O -antecedent O -heart O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Major O -cardiac O -arrhythmias O -are O -a O -potential O -hazard O -in O -patients O -without O -heart O -disease O -who O -are O -receiving O -customary O -therapeutic O -doses O -of O -psychotropic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -prospective O -clinical O -trial O -is O -suggested O -to O -quantify O -the O -risk O -of O -cardiac O -complications O -to O -patients O -receiving O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -or O -tricyclic O -antidepressant O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Sensitivity O -of O -erythroid O -progenitor O -colonies O -to O -erythropoietin O -in O -azidothymidine B-Chemical -treated O -immunodeficient O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anaemia O -induced O -by O -3 B-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azido I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -dideoxythymidine I-Chemical -( O -AZT B-Chemical -) O -is O -poorly O -understood O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -used O -a O -murine O -model O -of O -AIDS O -, O -infection O -of O -female O -C57BL O -/ O -6 O -mice O -with O -LP O -- O -BM5 O -murine O -leukaemia O -( O -MuLV O -) O -virus O -, O -to O -determine O -if O -AZT B-Chemical -- O -induced O -anaemia O -is O -due O -, O -in O -part O -, O -to O -decreased O -responsiveness O -of O -erythropoietic O -precursors O -( O -BFU O -- O -e O -) O -to O -erythropoietin O -( O -EPO O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Mice O -in O -the O -early O -stage O -of O -LP O -- O -BM5 O -MuLV O -disease O -were O -given O -AZT B-Chemical -in O -their O -drinking O -water O -at O -1 O -. O -0 O -and O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -AZT B-Chemical -produced O -anaemia O -in O -both O -groups O -, O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -fashion O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -the O -anaemia O -, O -the O -number O -of O -splenic O -and O -bone O -marrow O -BFU O -- O -e O -in O -AZT B-Chemical -treated O -mice O -increased O -up O -to O -five O -- O -fold O -over O -levels O -observed O -in O -infected O -untreated O -animals O -after O -15 O -d O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Colony O -formation O -by O -splenic O -and O -bone O -marrow O -BFUe O -was O -stimulated O -at O -lower O -concentrations O -of O -EPO O -in O -mice O -receiving O -AZT B-Chemical -for O -15 O -d O -than O -for O -infected O -, O -untreated O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -day O -30 O -, O -sensitivity O -of O -both O -splenic O -and O -bone O -marrow O -BFU O -- O -e O -of O -treated O -animals O -returned O -to O -that O -observed O -from O -cells O -of O -infected O -untreated O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -plasma O -levels O -of O -EPO O -observed O -in O -AZT B-Chemical -treated O -mice O -were O -appropriate O -for O -the O -degree O -of O -anaemia O -observed O -when O -compared O -with O -phenylhydrazine B-Chemical -( O -PHZ B-Chemical -) O -treated O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -numbers O -of O -BFU O -- O -e O -and O -the O -percentage O -of O -bone O -marrow O -erythroblasts O -observed O -were O -comparable O -in O -AZT B-Chemical -and O -PHZ B-Chemical -treated O -mice O -with O -similar O -degrees O -of O -anaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -reticulocytosis O -was O -inappropriate O -for O -the O -degree O -of O -anaemia O -observed O -in O -AZT B-Chemical -treated O -infected O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -AZT B-Chemical -- O -induced O -peripheral O -anaemia O -in O -the O -face O -of O -increased O -numbers O -of O -BFU O -- O -e O -and O -increased O -levels O -of O -plasma O -EPO O -suggest O -a O -lesion O -in O -terminal O -differentiation O -. O - -aps B-category -Sedation O -depth O -during O -spinal O -anesthesia O -and O -the O -development O -of O -postoperative O -delirium O -in O -elderly O -patients O -undergoing O -hip O -fracture O -repair O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -determine O -whether O -limiting O -intraoperative O -sedation O -depth O -during O -spinal O -anesthesia O -for O -hip O -fracture O -repair O -in O -elderly O -patients O -can O -decrease O -the O -prevalence O -of O -postoperative O -delirium O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -We O -performed O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -randomized O -controlled O -trial O -at O -an O -academic O -medical O -center O -of O -elderly O -patients O -( O -> O -or O -= O -65 O -years O -) O -without O -preoperative O -delirium O -or O -severe O -dementia O -who O -underwent O -hip O -fracture O -repair O -under O -spinal O -anesthesia O -with O -propofol B-Chemical -sedation O -. O - -aps B-category -Sedation O -depth O -was O -titrated O -using O -processed O -electroencephalography O -with O -the O -bispectral O -index O -( O -BIS O -) O -, O -and O -patients O -were O -randomized O -to O -receive O -either O -deep O -( O -BIS O -, O -approximately O -50 O -) O -or O -light O -( O -BIS O -, O -> O -or O -= O -80 O -) O -sedation O -. O - -aps B-category -Postoperative O -delirium O -was O -assessed O -as O -defined O -by O -Diagnostic O -and O -Statistical O -Manual O -of O -Mental O -Disorders O -( O -Third O -Edition O -Revised O -) O -criteria O -using O -the O -Confusion O -Assessment O -Method O -beginning O -at O -any O -time O -from O -the O -second O -day O -after O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -From O -April O -2 O -, O -2005 O -, O -through O -October O -30 O -, O -2008 O -, O -a O -total O -of O -114 O -patients O -were O -randomized O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prevalence O -of O -postoperative O -delirium O -was O -significantly O -lower O -in O -the O -light O -sedation O -group O -( O -11 O -/ O -57 O -[ O -19 O -% O -] O -vs O -23 O -/ O -57 O -[ O -40 O -% O -] O -in O -the O -deep O -sedation O -group O -; O -P O -= O -. O -02 O -) O -, O -indicating O -that O -1 O -incident O -of O -delirium O -will O -be O -prevented O -for O -every O -4 O -. O -7 O -patients O -treated O -with O -light O -sedation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -number O -of O -days O -of O -delirium O -during O -hospitalization O -was O -lower O -in O -the O -light O -sedation O -group O -than O -in O -the O -deep O -sedation O -group O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -5 O -days O -vs O -1 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -0 O -days O -; O -P O -= O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -The O -use O -of O -light O -propofol B-Chemical -sedation O -decreased O -the O -prevalence O -of O -postoperative O -delirium O -by O -50 O -% O -compared O -with O -deep O -sedation O -. O - -aps B-category -Limiting O -depth O -of O -sedation O -during O -spinal O -anesthesia O -is O -a O -simple O -, O -safe O -, O -and O -cost O -- O -effective O -intervention O -for O -preventing O -postoperative O -delirium O -in O -elderly O -patients O -that O -could O -be O -widely O -and O -readily O -adopted O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protective O -role O -of O -Nrf2 O -in O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -diabetic O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -Diabetic O -nephropathy O -is O -one O -of O -the O -major O -causes O -of O -renal O -failure O -, O -which O -is O -accompanied O -by O -the O -production O -of O -reactive O -oxygen B-Chemical -species O -( O -ROS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Nrf2 O -is O -the O -primary O -transcription O -factor O -that O -controls O -the O -antioxidant O -response O -essential O -for O -maintaining O -cellular O -redox O -homeostasis O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -, O -we O -report O -our O -findings O -demonstrating O -a O -protective O -role O -of O -Nrf2 O -against O -diabetic O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -RESEARCH O -DESIGN O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -We O -explore O -the O -protective O -role O -of O -Nrf2 O -against O -diabetic O -nephropathy O -using O -human O -kidney O -biopsy O -tissues O -from O -diabetic O -nephropathy O -patients O -, O -a O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -diabetic O -nephropathy O -model O -in O -Nrf2 O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -, O -and O -cultured O -human O -mesangial O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -glomeruli O -of O -human O -diabetic O -nephropathy O -patients O -were O -under O -oxidative O -stress O -and O -had O -elevated O -Nrf2 O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -animal O -study O -, O -Nrf2 O -was O -demonstrated O -to O -be O -crucial O -in O -ameliorating O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -renal O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -evident O -by O -Nrf2 O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -having O -higher O -ROS O -production O -and O -suffering O -from O -greater O -oxidative O -DNA O -damage O -and O -renal O -injury O -compared O -with O -Nrf2 O -( O -+ O -/ O -+ O -) O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanistic O -studies O -in O -both O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -systems O -showed O -that O -the O -Nrf2 O -- O -mediated O -protection O -against O -diabetic O -nephropathy O -is O -, O -at O -least O -, O -partially O -through O -inhibition O -of O -transforming O -growth O -factor O -- O -beta1 O -( O -TGF O -- O -beta1 O -) O -and O -reduction O -of O -extracellular O -matrix O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -human O -renal O -mesangial O -cells O -, O -high O -glucose B-Chemical -induced O -ROS O -production O -and O -activated O -expression O -of O -Nrf2 O -and O -its O -downstream O -genes O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -activation O -or O -overexpression O -of O -Nrf2 O -inhibited O -the O -promoter O -activity O -of O -TGF O -- O -beta1 O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -, O -whereas O -knockdown O -of O -Nrf2 O -by O -siRNA O -enhanced O -TGF O -- O -beta1 O -transcription O -and O -fibronectin O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -This O -work O -clearly O -indicates O -a O -protective O -role O -of O -Nrf2 O -in O -diabetic O -nephropathy O -, O -suggesting O -that O -dietary O -or O -therapeutic O -activation O -of O -Nrf2 O -could O -be O -used O -as O -a O -strategy O -to O -prevent O -or O -slow O -down O -the O -progression O -of O -diabetic O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Metformin B-Chemical -prevents O -experimental O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephropathy O -by O -a O -mitochondria O -- O -dependent O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antidiabetic O -drug O -metformin B-Chemical -can O -diminish O -apoptosis O -induced O -by O -oxidative O -stress O -in O -endothelial O -cells O -and O -prevent O -vascular O -dysfunction O -even O -in O -nondiabetic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -we O -tested O -whether O -it O -has O -a O -beneficial O -effect O -in O -a O -rat O -model O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Mitochondrial O -analysis O -, O -respiration O -intensity O -, O -levels O -of O -reactive O -oxygen B-Chemical -species O -, O -permeability O -transition O -, O -and O -cytochrome O -c O -release O -were O -assessed O -3 O -and O -6 O -days O -after O -gentamicin B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Metformin B-Chemical -treatment O -fully O -blocked O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- O -mediated O -acute O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -accompanied O -by O -a O -lower O -activity O -of O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -glucosaminidase O -, O -together O -with O -a O -decrease O -of O -lipid O -peroxidation O -and O -increase O -of O -antioxidant O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Metformin B-Chemical -also O -protected O -the O -kidney O -from O -histological O -damage O -6 O -days O -after O -gentamicin B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -in O -vivo O -markers O -of O -kidney O -dysfunction O -and O -their O -correction O -by O -metformin B-Chemical -were O -complemented O -by O -in O -vitro O -studies O -of O -mitochondrial O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -that O -gentamicin B-Chemical -treatment O -depleted O -respiratory O -components O -( O -cytochrome O -c O -, O -NADH O -) O -, O -probably O -due O -to O -the O -opening O -of O -mitochondrial O -transition O -pores O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -injuries O -, O -partly O -mediated O -by O -a O -rise O -in O -reactive O -oxygen B-Chemical -species O -from O -the O -electron O -transfer O -chain O -, O -were O -significantly O -decreased O -by O -metformin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -our O -study O -suggests O -that O -pleiotropic O -effects O -of O -metformin B-Chemical -can O -lessen O -gentamicin B-Chemical -nephrotoxicity O -and O -improve O -mitochondrial O -homeostasis O -. O - -aps B-category -Risk O -of O -nephropathy O -after O -consumption O -of O -nonionic O -contrast B-Chemical -media I-Chemical -by O -children O -undergoing O -cardiac O -angiography O -: O -a O -prospective O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -increasing O -reports O -on O -nonionic O -contrast B-Chemical -media I-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephropathy O -( O -CIN O -) O -in O -hospitalized O -adult O -patients O -during O -cardiac O -procedures O -, O -the O -studies O -in O -pediatrics O -are O -limited O -, O -with O -even O -less O -focus O -on O -possible O -predisposing O -factors O -and O -preventive O -measures O -for O -patients O -undergoing O -cardiac O -angiography O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -prospective O -study O -determined O -the O -incidence O -of O -CIN O -for O -two O -nonionic O -contrast B-Chemical -media I-Chemical -( O -CM B-Chemical -) O -, O -iopromide B-Chemical -and O -iohexol B-Chemical -, O -among O -80 O -patients O -younger O -than O -18 O -years O -and O -compared O -the O -rates O -for O -this O -complication O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -type O -and O -dosage O -of O -CM B-Chemical -and O -the O -presence O -of O -cyanosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -80 O -patients O -in O -the O -study O -consecutively O -received O -either O -iopromide B-Chemical -( O -group O -A O -, O -n O -= O -40 O -) O -or O -iohexol B-Chemical -( O -group O -B O -, O -n O -= O -40 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -sodium B-Chemical -( O -Na B-Chemical -) O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -( O -K B-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -creatinine B-Chemical -( O -Cr B-Chemical -) O -were O -measured O -24 O -h O -before O -angiography O -as O -baseline O -values O -, O -then O -measured O -again O -at O -12 O -- O -, O -24 O -- O -, O -and O -48 O -- O -h O -intervals O -after O -CM B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Urine O -samples O -for O -Na B-Chemical -and O -Cr B-Chemical -also O -were O -checked O -at O -the O -same O -intervals O -. O - -aps B-category -Risk O -of O -renal O -failure O -, O -Injury O -to O -the O -kidney O -, O -Failure O -of O -kidney O -function O -, O -Loss O -of O -kidney O -function O -, O -and O -End O -- O -stage O -renal O -damage O -( O -RIFLE O -criteria O -) O -were O -used O -to O -define O -CIN O -and O -its O -incidence O -in O -the O -study O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -Accordingly O -, O -among O -the O -15 O -CIN O -patients O -( O -18 O -. O -75 O -% O -) O -, O -7 O -. O -5 O -% O -of O -the O -patients O -in O -group O -A O -had O -increased O -risk O -and O -3 O -. O -75 O -% O -had O -renal O -injury O -, O -whereas O -5 O -% O -of O -group O -B O -had O -increased O -risk O -and O -2 O -. O -5 O -% O -had O -renal O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -33 O -. O -3 O -% O -of O -the O -patients O -with O -CIN O -were O -among O -those O -who O -received O -the O -proper O -dosage O -of O -CM B-Chemical -, O -the O -percentage O -increased O -to O -66 O -. O -6 O -% O -among O -those O -who O -received O -larger O -doses O -, O -with O -a O -significant O -difference O -in O -the O -incidence O -of O -CIN O -related O -to O -the O -different O -dosages O -of O -CM B-Chemical -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -014 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -15 O -patients O -with O -CIN O -, O -6 O -had O -cyanotic O -congenital O -heart O -diseases O -, O -but O -the O -incidence O -did O -not O -differ O -significantly O -from O -that O -for O -the O -noncyanotic O -patients O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -243 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -clinically O -silent O -, O -CIN O -is O -not O -rare O -in O -pediatrics O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -depends O -on O -dosage O -but O -not O -on O -the O -type O -of O -consumed O -nonionic O -CM B-Chemical -, O -nor O -on O -the O -presence O -of O -cyanosis O -, O -and O -although O -CIN O -usually O -is O -reversible O -, O -more O -concern O -is O -needed O -for O -the O -prevention O -of O -such O -a O -complication O -in O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -function O -and O -hemodynamics O -during O -prolonged O -isoflurane B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -isoflurane B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -on O -glomerular O -function O -and O -renal O -blood O -flow O -was O -investigated O -in O -20 O -human O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -( O -GFR O -) O -and O -effective O -renal O -plasma O -flow O -( O -ERPF O -) O -were O -measured O -by O -inulin O -and O -para B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminohippurate I-Chemical -( O -PAH B-Chemical -) O -clearance O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Anesthesia O -was O -maintained O -with O -fentanyl B-Chemical -, O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -and O -isoflurane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hypotension O -was O -induced O -for O -236 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -15 O -. O -1 O -min O -by O -increasing O -the O -isoflurane B-Chemical -inspired O -concentration O -to O -maintain O -a O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -of O -59 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -4 O -mmHg O -. O - -aps B-category -GFR O -and O -ERPF O -decreased O -with O -the O -induction O -of O -anesthesia O -but O -not O -significantly O -more O -during O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Postoperatively O -, O -ERPF O -returned O -to O -preoperative O -values O -, O -whereas O -GFR O -was O -higher O -than O -preoperative O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -vascular O -resistance O -increased O -during O -anesthesia O -but O -decreased O -when O -hypotension O -was O -induced O -, O -allowing O -the O -maintenance O -of O -renal O -blood O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -renal O -compensatory O -mechanisms O -are O -preserved O -during O -isoflurane B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -and O -that O -renal O -function O -and O -hemodynamics O -quickly O -return O -to O -normal O -when O -normotension O -is O -resumed O -. O - -aps B-category -Brainstem O -dysgenesis O -in O -an O -infant O -prenatally O -exposed O -to O -cocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Many O -authors O -described O -the O -effects O -on O -the O -fetus O -of O -maternal O -cocaine O -abuse O -during O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Vasoconstriction O -appears O -to O -be O -the O -common O -mechanism O -of O -action O -leading O -to O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -fetal O -anomalies O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -on O -an O -infant O -with O -multiple O -cranial O -- O -nerve O -involvement O -attributable O -to O -brainstem O -dysgenesis O -, O -born O -to O -a O -cocaine O -- O -addicted O -mother O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -cross O -- O -sectional O -evaluation O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -risperidone B-Chemical -and O -selective O -serotonin B-Chemical -reuptake O -inhibitors O -on O -bone O -mineral O -density O -in O -boys O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -The O -aim O -of O -the O -present O -study O -was O -to O -investigate O -the O -effect O -of O -risperidone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperprolactinemia O -on O -trabecular O -bone O -mineral O -density O -( O -BMD O -) O -in O -children O -and O -adolescents O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -Medically O -healthy O -7 O -- O -to O -17 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -males O -chronically O -treated O -, O -in O -a O -naturalistic O -setting O -, O -with O -risperidone B-Chemical -were O -recruited O -for O -this O -cross O -- O -sectional O -study O -through O -child O -psychiatry O -outpatient O -clinics O -between O -November O -2005 O -and O -June O -2007 O -. O - -aps B-category -Anthropometric O -measurements O -and O -laboratory O -testing O -were O -conducted O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -diagnoses O -were O -based O -on O -chart O -review O -, O -and O -developmental O -and O -treatment O -history O -was O -obtained O -from O -the O -medical O -record O -. O - -aps B-category -Volumetric O -BMD O -of O -the O -ultradistal O -radius O -was O -measured O -using O -peripheral O -quantitative O -computed O -tomography O -, O -and O -areal O -BMD O -of O -the O -lumbar O -spine O -was O -estimated O -using O -dual O -- O -energy O -x O -- O -ray O -absorptiometry O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Hyperprolactinemia O -was O -present O -in O -49 O -% O -of O -83 O -boys O -( O -n O -= O -41 O -) O -treated O -with O -risperidone B-Chemical -for O -a O -mean O -of O -2 O -. O -9 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -testosterone B-Chemical -concentration O -increased O -with O -pubertal O -status O -but O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -hyperprolactinemia O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -expected O -, O -bone O -mineral O -content O -and O -BMD O -increased O -with O -sexual O -maturity O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -adjusting O -for O -the O -stage O -of O -sexual O -development O -and O -height O -and O -BMI O -z O -scores O -, O -serum O -prolactin O -was O -negatively O -associated O -with O -trabecular O -volumetric O -BMD O -at O -the O -ultradistal O -radius O -( O -P O -< O -. O -03 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Controlling O -for O -relevant O -covariates O -, O -we O -also O -found O -treatment O -with O -selective O -serotonin B-Chemical -reuptake O -inhibitors O -( O -SSRIs O -) O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -lower O -trabecular O -BMD O -at O -the O -radius O -( O -P O -= O -. O -03 O -) O -and O -BMD O -z O -score O -at O -the O -lumbar O -spine O -( O -P O -< O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -became O -more O -marked O -when O -the O -analysis O -was O -restricted O -to O -non O -- O -Hispanic O -white O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -13 O -documented O -fractures O -, O -3 O -occurred O -after O -risperidone B-Chemical -and O -SSRIs O -were O -started O -, O -and O -none O -occurred O -in O -patients O -with O -hyperprolactinemia O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -This O -is O -the O -first O -study O -to O -link O -risperidone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperprolactinemia O -and O -SSRI O -treatment O -to O -lower O -BMD O -in O -children O -and O -adolescents O -. O - -aps B-category -Future O -research O -should O -evaluate O -the O -longitudinal O -course O -of O -this O -adverse O -event O -to O -determine O -its O -temporal O -stability O -and O -whether O -a O -higher O -fracture O -rate O -ensues O -. O - -aps B-category -Fear O -- O -potentiated O -startle O -, O -but O -not O -light O -- O -enhanced O -startle O -, O -is O -enhanced O -by O -anxiogenic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -RATIONALE O -AND O -OBJECTIVES O -: O -The O -light O -- O -enhanced O -startle O -paradigm O -( O -LES O -) O -is O -suggested O -to O -model O -anxiety O -, O -because O -of O -the O -non O -- O -specific O -cue O -and O -the O -long O -- O -term O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -the O -fear O -- O -potentiated O -startle O -( O -FPS O -) O -is O -suggested O -to O -model O -conditioned O -fear O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -pharmacological O -profiles O -of O -these O -two O -paradigms O -are O -very O -similar O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -investigated O -the O -effects O -of O -putative O -anxiogenic O -drugs O -on O -LES O -and O -FPS O -and O -aimed O -at O -determining O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -LES O -for O -anxiogenic O -drugs O -and O -to O -potentially O -showing O -a O -pharmacological O -differentiation O -between O -these O -two O -paradigms O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Male O -Wistar O -rats O -received O -each O -dose O -of O -the O -alpha O -( O -2 O -) O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonist O -yohimbine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -25 O -- O -1 O -. O -0mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -( O -2C O -) O -receptor O -agonist O -m B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chlorophenylpiperazine I-Chemical -( O -mCPP B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -2 O -. O -0mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -or O -the O -GABA B-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -inverse O -receptor O -agonist O -pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical -( O -PTZ B-Chemical -, O -3 O -- O -30mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -were O -subsequently O -tested O -in O -either O -LES O -or O -FPS O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -None O -of O -the O -drugs O -enhanced O -LES O -, O -whereas O -mCPP B-Chemical -increased O -percentage O -FPS O -and O -yohimbine B-Chemical -increased O -absolute O -FPS O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -yohimbine B-Chemical -increased O -baseline O -startle O -amplitude O -in O -the O -LES O -, O -while O -mCPP B-Chemical -suppressed O -baseline O -startle O -in O -both O -the O -LES O -and O -FPS O -and O -PTZ B-Chemical -suppressed O -baseline O -startle O -in O -the O -FPS O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -In O -contrast O -to O -findings O -in O -the O -FPS O -paradigm O -, O -none O -of O -the O -drugs O -were O -able O -to O -exacerbate O -the O -LES O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -a O -clear O -pharmacological O -differentiation O -was O -found O -between O -LES O -and O -FPS O -. O - -aps B-category -Rosaceiform O -dermatitis O -associated O -with O -topical O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -herein O -3 O -patients O -who O -developed O -rosacea O -- O -like O -dermatitis O -eruptions O -while O -using O -0 O -. O -03 O -% O -or O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -ointment O -for O -facial O -dermatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Skin O -biopsy O -specimens O -showed O -telangiectasia O -and O -noncaseating O -epithelioid O -granulomatous O -tissue O -formation O -in O -the O -papillary O -to O -mid O -dermis O -. O - -aps B-category -Continuous O -topical O -use O -of O -immunomodulators O -such O -as O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -or O -pimecrolimus B-Chemical -should O -be O -regarded O -as O -a O -potential O -cause O -of O -rosaceiform O -dermatitis O -, O -although O -many O -cases O -have O -not O -been O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Coenzyme B-Chemical -Q10 I-Chemical -treatment O -ameliorates O -acute O -cisplatin B-Chemical -nephrotoxicity O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nephroprotective O -effect O -of O -coenzyme B-Chemical -Q10 I-Chemical -was O -investigated O -in O -mice O -with O -acute O -renal O -injury O -induced O -by O -a O -single O -i O -. O -p O -. O -injection O -of O -cisplatin B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Coenzyme B-Chemical -Q10 I-Chemical -treatment O -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -was O -applied O -for O -6 O -consecutive O -days O -, O -starting O -1 O -day O -before O -cisplatin B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Coenzyme B-Chemical -Q10 I-Chemical -significantly O -reduced O -blood B-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -and O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -levels O -which O -were O -increased O -by O -cisplatin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Coenzyme B-Chemical -Q10 I-Chemical -significantly O -compensated O -deficits O -in O -the O -antioxidant O -defense O -mechanisms O -( O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -level O -and O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -activity O -) O -, O -suppressed O -lipid O -peroxidation O -, O -decreased O -the O -elevations O -of O -tumor O -necrosis O -factor O -- O -alpha O -, O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -and O -platinum B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -, O -and O -attenuated O -the O -reductions O -of O -selenium B-Chemical -and O -zinc B-Chemical -ions O -in O -renal O -tissue O -resulted O -from O -cisplatin B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -histopathological O -renal O -tissue O -damage O -mediated O -by O -cisplatin B-Chemical -was O -ameliorated O -by O -coenzyme B-Chemical -Q10 I-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunohistochemical O -analysis O -revealed O -that O -coenzyme B-Chemical -Q10 I-Chemical -significantly O -decreased O -the O -cisplatin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -overexpression O -of O -inducible O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -synthase O -, O -nuclear O -factor O -- O -kappaB O -, O -caspase O -- O -3 O -and O -p53 O -in O -renal O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -coenzyme B-Chemical -Q10 I-Chemical -represents O -a O -potential O -therapeutic O -option O -to O -protect O -against O -acute O -cisplatin B-Chemical -nephrotoxicity O -commonly O -encountered O -in O -clinical O -practice O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversible O -cholestasis O -with O -bile O -duct O -injury O -following O -azathioprine B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -67 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -patient O -, O -with O -primary O -polymyositis O -and O -without O -previous O -evidence O -of O -liver O -disease O -, O -developed O -clinical O -and O -biochemical O -features O -of O -severe O -cholestasis O -3 O -months O -after O -initiation O -of O -azathioprine B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -biopsy O -showed O -cholestasis O -with O -both O -cytological O -and O -architectural O -alterations O -of O -interlobular O -bile O -ducts O -. O - -aps B-category -Azathioprine B-Chemical -withdrawal O -resulted O -after O -7 O -weeks O -in O -the O -resolution O -of O -clinical O -and O -biochemical O -abnormalities O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -believed O -that O -this O -is O -the O -first O -reported O -case O -of O -reversible O -azathioprine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cholestasis O -associated O -with O -histological O -evidence O -of O -bile O -duct O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -is O -not O -essential O -for O -the O -development O -of O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -neurotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -widely O -believed O -that O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA B-Chemical -) O -mediates O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -( O -METH B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -toxicity O -to O -brain O -dopaminergic O -neurons O -, O -because O -drugs O -that O -interfere O -with O -DA B-Chemical -neurotransmission O -decrease O -toxicity O -, O -whereas O -drugs O -that O -increase O -DA B-Chemical -neurotransmission O -enhance O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -temperature O -effects O -of O -drugs O -that O -have O -been O -used O -to O -manipulate O -brain O -DA B-Chemical -neurotransmission O -confound O -interpretation O -of O -the O -data O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -we O -show O -that O -the O -recently O -reported O -ability O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxyphenylalanine I-Chemical -to O -reverse O -the O -protective O -effect O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -para I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -on O -METH B-Chemical -- O -induced O -DA B-Chemical -neurotoxicity O -is O -also O -confounded O -by O -drug O -effects O -on O -body O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -, O -we O -show O -that O -mice O -genetically O -engineered O -to O -be O -deficient O -in O -brain O -DA B-Chemical -develop O -METH B-Chemical -neurotoxicity O -, O -as O -long O -as O -the O -thermic O -effects O -of O -METH B-Chemical -are O -preserved O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -we O -demonstrate O -that O -mice O -genetically O -engineered O -to O -have O -unilateral O -brain O -DA B-Chemical -deficits O -develop O -METH B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dopaminergic O -deficits O -that O -are O -of O -comparable O -magnitude O -on O -both O -sides O -of O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Taken O -together O -, O -these O -findings O -demonstrate O -that O -DA B-Chemical -is O -not O -essential O -for O -the O -development O -of O -METH B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dopaminergic O -neurotoxicity O -and O -suggest O -that O -mechanisms O -independent O -of O -DA B-Chemical -warrant O -more O -intense O -investigation O -. O - -aps B-category -Swallowing O -- O -induced O -atrial O -tachyarrhythmia O -triggered O -by O -salbutamol B-Chemical -: O -case O -report O -and O -review O -of O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -: O -A O -49 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -patient O -experienced O -chest O -discomfort O -while O -swallowing O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -electrocardiogram O -, O -episodes O -of O -atrial O -tachyarrhythmia O -were O -recorded O -immediately O -after O -swallowing O -; O -24 O -- O -hour O -Holter O -monitoring O -recorded O -several O -events O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -arrhythmia O -resolved O -after O -therapy O -with O -atenolol B-Chemical -, O -but O -recurred O -a O -year O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -noticed O -that O -before O -these O -episodes O -he O -had O -been O -using O -an O -inhalator O -of O -salbutamol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -stopping O -the O -beta O -- O -agonist O -, O -and O -after O -a O -week O -with O -the O -atenolol B-Chemical -, O -the O -arrhythmia O -disappeared O -. O - -aps B-category -DISCUSSION O -: O -Swallowing O -- O -induced O -atrial O -tachyarrhythmia O -( O -SIAT O -) O -is O -a O -rare O -phenomenon O -. O - -aps B-category -Fewer O -than O -50 O -cases O -of O -SIAT O -have O -been O -described O -in O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -article O -summarizes O -all O -the O -cases O -published O -, O -creating O -a O -comprehensive O -review O -of O -the O -current O -knowledge O -and O -approach O -to O -SIAT O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -discusses O -demographics O -, O -clinical O -characteristics O -and O -types O -of O -arrhythmia O -, O -postulated O -mechanisms O -of O -SIAT O -, O -and O -different O -treatment O -possibilities O -such O -as O -medications O -, O -surgery O -, O -and O -radiofrequency O -catheter O -ablation O -( O -RFCA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Salbutamol B-Chemical -is O -presented O -here O -as O -a O -possible O -trigger O -for O -SIAT O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -it O -is O -difficult O -to O -define O -causality O -in O -a O -case O -report O -, O -it O -is O -logical O -to O -think O -that O -a O -beta O -- O -agonist O -like O -salbutamol B-Chemical -( O -known O -to O -induce O -tachycardia O -) O -may O -be O -the O -trigger O -of O -adrenergic O -reflexes O -originating O -in O -the O -esophagus O -while O -swallowing O -and O -that O -a O -beta O -- O -blocker O -such O -as O -atenolol B-Chemical -( O -that O -blocks O -the O -adrenergic O -activity O -) O -may O -relieve O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -insulin O -treatment O -to O -reverse O -or O -prevent O -the O -changes O -in O -urinary O -bladder O -function O -caused O -by O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -diabetes O -mellitus O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -insulin O -treatment O -on O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -urinary O -bladder O -function O -in O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -- O -diabetic O -rats O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Diabetes O -of O -2 O -months O -duration O -resulted O -in O -decreases O -in O -body O -weight O -and O -increases O -in O -fluid O -consumption O -, O -urine O -volume O -, O -frequency O -of O -micturition O -, O -and O -average O -volume O -per O -micturition O -; O -effects O -which O -were O -prevented O -by O -insulin O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Insulin O -treatment O -also O -prevented O -the O -increases O -in O -contractile O -responses O -of O -bladder O -body O -strips O -from O -diabetic O -rats O -to O -nerve O -stimulation O -, O -ATP B-Chemical -, O -and O -bethanechol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Diabetes O -of O -4 O -months O -duration O -also O -resulted O -in O -decreases O -in O -body O -weight O -, O -and O -increases O -in O -fluid O -consumption O -, O -urine O -volume O -, O -frequency O -of O -micturition O -, O -and O -average O -volume O -per O -micturition O -, O -effects O -which O -were O -reversed O -by O -insulin O -treatment O -for O -the O -final O -2 O -months O -of O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Insulin O -treatment O -reversed O -the O -increases O -in O -contractile O -responses O -of O -bladder O -body O -strips O -from O -diabetic O -rats O -to O -nerve O -stimulation O -, O -ATP B-Chemical -, O -and O -bethanechol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -indicate O -that O -the O -effects O -of O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -diabetes O -on O -urinary O -bladder O -function O -are O -both O -prevented O -and O -reversed O -by O -insulin O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamatergic O -neurotransmission O -mediated O -by O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -inferior O -colliculus O -can O -modulate O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inferior O -colliculus O -( O -IC O -) O -is O -primarily O -involved O -in O -the O -processing O -of O -auditory O -information O -, O -but O -it O -is O -distinguished O -from O -other O -auditory O -nuclei O -in O -the O -brainstem O -by O -its O -connections O -with O -structures O -of O -the O -motor O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Functional O -evidence O -relating O -the O -IC O -to O -motor O -behavior O -derives O -from O -experiments O -showing O -that O -activation O -of O -the O -IC O -by O -electrical O -stimulation O -or O -excitatory O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -microinjection O -causes O -freezing O -, O -escape O -- O -like O -behavior O -, O -and O -immobility O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -nature O -of O -this O -immobility O -is O -still O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -examined O -the O -influence O -of O -excitatory O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -mediated O -mechanisms O -in O -the O -IC O -on O -the O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -blocker O -haloperidol B-Chemical -administered O -systemically O -( O -1 O -or O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -was O -challenged O -with O -prior O -intracollicular O -microinjections O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -NMDA B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonists O -, O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -( O -15 O -or O -30 O -mmol O -/ O -0 O -. O -5 O -microl O -) O -and O -AP7 B-Chemical -( O -10 O -or O -20 O -nmol O -/ O -0 O -. O -5 O -microl O -) O -, O -or O -of O -the O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptor O -agonist O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -d I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -( O -NMDA B-Chemical -, O -20 O -or O -30 O -nmol O -/ O -0 O -. O -5 O -microl O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -showed O -that O -intracollicular O -microinjection O -of O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -and O -AP7 B-Chemical -previous O -to O -systemic O -injections O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -significantly O -attenuated O -the O -catalepsy O -, O -as O -indicated O -by O -a O -reduced O -latency O -to O -step O -down O -from O -a O -horizontal O -bar O -. O - -aps B-category -Accordingly O -, O -intracollicular O -microinjection O -of O -NMDA B-Chemical -increased O -the O -latency O -to O -step O -down O -the O -bar O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -glutamate B-Chemical -- O -mediated O -mechanisms O -in O -the O -neural O -circuits O -at O -the O -IC O -level O -influence O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -and O -participate O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -motor O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -patient O -on O -amiodarone B-Chemical -presenting O -with O -myxedemic O -coma O -: O -a O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -a O -case O -report O -of O -myxedema O -coma O -secondary O -to O -amiodarone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypothyroidism O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -severe O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -( O -CHF O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -our O -knowledge O -and O -after O -reviewing O -the O -literature O -there O -is O -one O -case O -report O -of O -myxedema O -coma O -during O -long O -term O -amiodarone B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Myxedema O -coma O -is O -a O -life O -threatening O -condition O -that O -carries O -a O -mortality O -reaching O -as O -high O -as O -20 O -% O -with O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -condition O -is O -treated O -with O -intravenous O -thyroxine B-Chemical -( O -T4 B-Chemical -) O -or O -intravenous O -tri B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iodo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thyronine I-Chemical -( O -T3 B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -CHF O -on O -amiodarone B-Chemical -may O -suffer O -serious O -morbidity O -and O -mortality O -from O -hypothyroidism O -, O -and O -thus O -may O -deserve O -closer O -follow O -up O -for O -thyroid O -stimulating O -hormone O -( O -TSH O -) O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -report O -carries O -an O -important O -clinical O -application O -given O -the O -frequent O -usage O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -among O -CHF O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -myriad O -clinical O -presentation O -of O -myxedema O -coma O -and O -its O -serious O -morbidity O -and O -mortality O -stresses O -the O -need O -to O -suspect O -this O -clinical O -syndrome O -among O -CHF O -patients O -presenting O -with O -hypotension O -, O -weakness O -or O -other O -unexplained O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -active O -constituents O -of O -Crocus O -sativus O -L O -. O -, O -crocin B-Chemical -on O -streptozocin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -model O -of O -sporadic O -Alzheimer O -' O -s O -disease O -in O -male O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -The O -involvement O -of O -water O -- O -soluble O -carotenoids B-Chemical -, O -crocins B-Chemical -, O -as O -the O -main O -and O -active O -components O -of O -Crocus O -sativus O -L O -. O -extract O -in O -learning O -and O -memory O -processes O -has O -been O -proposed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -crocins B-Chemical -on O -sporadic O -Alzheimer O -' O -s O -disease O -induced O -by O -intracerebroventricular O -( O -icv O -) O -streptozocin B-Chemical -( O -STZ B-Chemical -) O -in O -male O -rats O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Male O -adult O -Wistar O -rats O -( O -n O -= O -90 O -and O -260 O -- O -290 O -g O -) O -were O -divided O -into O -1 O -, O -control O -; O -2 O -and O -3 O -, O -crocins B-Chemical -( O -15 O -and O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -; O -4 O -, O -STZ B-Chemical -; O -5 O -and O -6 O -, O -STZ B-Chemical -+ O -crocins B-Chemical -( O -15 O -and O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Alzheimer O -' O -s O -disease O -groups O -, O -rats O -were O -injected O -with O -STZ B-Chemical -- O -icv O -bilaterally O -( O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -in O -first O -day O -and O -3 O -days O -later O -, O -a O -similar O -STZ B-Chemical -- O -icv O -application O -was O -repeated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -STZ B-Chemical -+ O -crocin B-Chemical -animal O -groups O -, O -crocin B-Chemical -was O -applied O -in O -doses O -of O -15 O -and O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -, O -one O -day O -pre O -- O -surgery O -and O -continued O -for O -three O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Prescription O -of O -crocin B-Chemical -in O -each O -dose O -was O -repeated O -once O -for O -two O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -learning O -and O -memory O -performance O -was O -assessed O -using O -passive O -avoidance O -paradigm O -, O -and O -for O -spatial O -cognition O -evaluation O -, O -Y O -- O -maze O -task O -was O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -It O -was O -found O -out O -that O -crocin B-Chemical -( O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -- O -treated O -STZ B-Chemical -- O -injected O -rats O -show O -higher O -correct O -choices O -and O -lower O -errors O -in O -Y O -- O -maze O -than O -vehicle O -- O -treated O -STZ B-Chemical -- O -injected O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -crocin B-Chemical -in O -the O -mentioned O -dose O -could O -significantly O -attenuated O -learning O -and O -memory O -impairment O -in O -treated O -STZ B-Chemical -- O -injected O -group O -in O -passive O -avoidance O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Therefore O -, O -these O -results O -demonstrate O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -crocin B-Chemical -( O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -in O -antagonizing O -the O -cognitive O -deficits O -caused O -by O -STZ B-Chemical -- O -icv O -in O -rats O -and O -its O -potential O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -neurodegenerative O -diseases O -such O -as O -Alzheimer O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Serotonin B-Chemical -6 O -receptor O -gene O -is O -associated O -with O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -psychosis O -in O -a O -Japanese O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Altered O -serotonergic O -neural O -transmission O -is O -hypothesized O -to O -be O -a O -susceptibility O -factor O -for O -psychotic O -disorders O -such O -as O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serotonin B-Chemical -6 O -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT6 I-Chemical -) O -receptor O -is O -therapeutically O -targeted O -by O -several O -second O -generation O -antipsychotics O -, O -such O -as O -clozapine B-Chemical -and O -olanzapine B-Chemical -, O -and O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -in O -rats O -is O -corrected O -with O -the O -use O -of O -a O -selective O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT6 I-Chemical -receptor O -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -disrupted O -prepulse O -inhibition O -induced O -by O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -or O -phencyclidine B-Chemical -was O -restored O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT6 I-Chemical -receptor O -antagonist O -in O -an O -animal O -study O -using O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -animal O -models O -were O -considered O -to O -reflect O -the O -positive O -symptoms O -of O -schizophrenia O -, O -and O -the O -above O -evidence O -suggests O -that O -altered O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT6 I-Chemical -receptors O -are O -involved O -in O -the O -pathophysiology O -of O -psychotic O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -symptoms O -of O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -( O -METH B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -psychosis O -are O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -paranoid O -type O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -we O -conducted O -an O -analysis O -of O -the O -association O -of O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT6 I-Chemical -gene O -( O -HTR6 O -) O -with O -METH B-Chemical -- O -induced O -psychosis O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -Using O -five O -tagging O -SNPs O -( O -rs6693503 O -, O -rs1805054 O -, O -rs4912138 O -, O -rs3790757 O -and O -rs9659997 O -) O -, O -we O -conducted O -a O -genetic O -association O -analysis O -of O -case O -- O -control O -samples O -( O -197 O -METH B-Chemical -- O -induced O -psychosis O -patients O -and O -337 O -controls O -) O -in O -the O -Japanese O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -age O -and O -sex O -of O -the O -control O -subjects O -did O -not O -differ O -from O -those O -of O -the O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -dependence O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -rs6693503 O -was O -associated O -with O -METH B-Chemical -- O -induced O -psychosis O -patients O -in O -the O -allele O -/ O -genotype O -- O -wise O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -this O -association O -remained O -significant O -after O -Bonferroni O -correction O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -haplotype O -- O -wise O -analysis O -, O -we O -detected O -an O -association O -between O -two O -markers O -( O -rs6693503 O -and O -rs1805054 O -) O -and O -three O -markers O -( O -rs6693503 O -, O -rs1805054 O -and O -rs4912138 O -) O -in O -HTR6 O -and O -METH B-Chemical -- O -induced O -psychosis O -patients O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -HTR6 O -may O -play O -an O -important O -role O -in O -the O -pathophysiology O -of O -METH B-Chemical -- O -induced O -psychosis O -in O -the O -Japanese O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -Neural O -correlates O -of O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ketamine I-Chemical -induced O -psychosis O -during O -overt O -continuous O -verbal O -fluency O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glutamatergic O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -( O -NMDA B-Chemical -) O -receptor O -has O -been O -implicated O -in O -the O -pathophysiology O -of O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Administered O -to O -healthy O -volunteers O -, O -a O -subanesthetic O -dose O -of O -the O -non O -- O -competitive O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonist O -ketamine B-Chemical -leads O -to O -psychopathological O -symptoms O -similar O -to O -those O -observed O -in O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -with O -schizophrenia O -, O -ketamine B-Chemical -exacerbates O -the O -core O -symptoms O -of O -illness O -, O -supporting O -the O -hypothesis O -of O -a O -glutamatergic O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -counterbalanced O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -design O -, O -healthy O -subjects O -were O -administered O -a O -continuous O -subanesthetic O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ketamine I-Chemical -infusion O -while O -differences O -in O -BOLD O -responses O -measured O -with O -fMRI O -were O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -scanning O -period O -, O -subjects O -performed O -continuous O -overt O -verbal O -fluency O -tasks O -( O -phonological O -, O -lexical O -and O -semantic O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Ketamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -psychopathological O -symptoms O -were O -assessed O -with O -the O -Positive O -and O -Negative O -Syndrome O -Scale O -( O -PANSS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Ketamine B-Chemical -elicited O -psychosis O -like O -psychopathology O -. O - -aps B-category -Post O -- O -hoc O -t O -- O -tests O -revealed O -significant O -differences O -between O -placebo O -and O -ketamine B-Chemical -for O -the O -amounts O -of O -words O -generated O -during O -lexical O -and O -semantic O -verbal O -fluency O -, O -while O -the O -phonological O -domain O -remained O -unaffected O -. O - -aps B-category -Ketamine B-Chemical -led O -to O -enhanced O -cortical O -activations O -in O -supramarginal O -and O -frontal O -brain O -regions O -for O -phonological O -and O -lexical O -verbal O -fluency O -, O -but O -not O -for O -semantic O -verbal O -fluency O -. O - -aps B-category -Ketamine B-Chemical -induces O -activation O -changes O -in O -healthy O -subjects O -similar O -to O -those O -observed O -in O -patients O -with O -schizophrenia O -, O -particularly O -in O -frontal O -and O -temporal O -brain O -regions O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -provide O -further O -support O -for O -the O -hypothesis O -of O -an O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptor O -dysfunction O -in O -the O -pathophysiology O -of O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -prognosis O -for O -transplant O -- O -free O -survivors O -of O -paracetamol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -liver O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -The O -prognosis O -for O -transplant O -- O -free O -survivors O -of O -paracetamol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -liver O -failure O -remains O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -AIM O -: O -To O -examine O -whether O -paracetamol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -liver O -failure O -increases O -long O -- O -term O -mortality O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -followed O -up O -all O -transplant O -- O -free O -survivors O -of O -paracetamol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -liver O -injury O -, O -hospitalized O -in O -a O -Danish O -national O -referral O -centre O -during O -1984 O -- O -2004 O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -compared O -age O -- O -specific O -mortality O -rates O -from O -1 O -year O -post O -- O -discharge O -through O -2008 O -between O -those O -in O -whom O -the O -liver O -injury O -led O -to O -an O -acute O -liver O -failure O -and O -those O -in O -whom O -it O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -We O -included O -641 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -average O -, O -age O -- O -specific O -mortality O -rates O -were O -slightly O -higher O -for O -the O -101 O -patients O -whose O -paracetamol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -liver O -injury O -had O -caused O -an O -acute O -liver O -failure O -( O -adjusted O -mortality O -rate O -ratio O -= O -1 O -. O -70 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -1 O -. O -02 O -- O -2 O -. O -85 O -) O -, O -but O -the O -association O -was O -age O -- O -dependent O -, O -and O -no O -survivors O -of O -acute O -liver O -failure O -died O -of O -liver O -disease O -, O -whereas O -suicides O -were O -frequent O -in O -both O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -speak O -against O -long O -- O -term O -effects O -of O -acute O -liver O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -More O -likely O -, O -the O -elevated O -mortality O -rate O -ratio O -resulted O -from O -incomplete O -adjustment O -for O -the O -greater O -prevalence O -of O -substance O -abuse O -among O -survivors O -of O -acute O -liver O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Paracetamol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -liver O -failure O -did O -not O -affect O -long O -- O -term O -mortality O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -follow O -- O -up O -may O -be O -justified O -by O -the O -cause O -of O -the O -liver O -failure O -, O -but O -not O -by O -the O -liver O -failure O -itself O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -characterization O -of O -a O -dual O -adenosine B-Chemical -A2A I-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -A1 I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -antagonist I-Chemical -in O -animal O -models O -of O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vivo O -characterization O -of O -a O -dual O -adenosine B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2A I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -A I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -antagonist I-Chemical -in O -several O -animal O -models O -of O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Discovery O -and O -scale O -- O -up O -syntheses O -of O -compound O -1 O -are O -described O -in O -detail O -, O -highlighting O -optimization O -steps O -that O -increased O -the O -overall O -yield O -of O -1 O -from O -10 O -. O -0 O -% O -to O -30 O -. O -5 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Compound O -1 O -is O -a O -potent O -A O -( O -2A O -) O -/ O -A O -( O -1 O -) O -receptor O -antagonist O -in O -vitro O -( O -A O -( O -2A O -) O -K O -( O -i O -) O -= O -4 O -. O -1 O -nM O -; O -A O -( O -1 O -) O -K O -( O -i O -) O -= O -17 O -. O -0 O -nM O -) O -that O -has O -excellent O -activity O -, O -after O -oral O -administration O -, O -across O -a O -number O -of O -animal O -models O -of O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -including O -mouse O -and O -rat O -models O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -, O -mouse O -model O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -akinesia O -, O -rat O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -( O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -) O -lesion O -model O -of O -drug O -- O -induced O -rotation O -, O -and O -MPTP B-Chemical -- O -treated O -non O -- O -human O -primate O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -the O -hippocampal O -deep O -brain O -stimulation O -on O -cortical O -epileptic O -discharges O -in O -penicillin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -epilepsy O -model O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -AIM O -: O -Experimental O -and O -clinical O -studies O -have O -revealed O -that O -hippocampal O -DBS O -can O -control O -epileptic O -activity O -, O -but O -the O -mechanism O -of O -action O -is O -obscure O -and O -optimal O -stimulation O -parameters O -are O -not O -clearly O -defined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -was O -to O -evaluate O -the O -effects O -of O -high O -frequency O -hippocampal O -stimulation O -on O -cortical O -epileptic O -activity O -in O -penicillin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -epilepsy O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -MATERIAL O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -Twenty O -- O -five O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -were O -implanted O -DBS O -electrodes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -group O -- O -1 O -( O -n O -= O -10 O -) O -hippocampal O -DBS O -was O -off O -and O -in O -the O -group O -- O -2 O -( O -n O -= O -10 O -) O -hippocampal O -DBS O -was O -on O -( O -185 O -Hz O -, O -0 O -. O -5V O -, O -1V O -, O -2V O -, O -and O -5V O -for O -60 O -sec O -) O -following O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -injection O -intracortically O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -control O -group O -hippocampal O -DBS O -was O -on O -following O -8 O -l O -saline O -injection O -intracortically O -. O - -aps B-category -EEG O -recordings O -were O -obtained O -before O -and O -15 O -minutes O -following O -penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -G I-Chemical -injection O -, O -and O -at O -10th O -minutes O -following O -each O -stimulus O -for O -analysis O -in O -terms O -of O -frequency O -, O -amplitude O -, O -and O -power O -spectrum O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -High O -frequency O -hippocampal O -DBS O -suppressed O -the O -acute O -penicillin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cortical O -epileptic O -activity O -independent O -from O -stimulus O -intensity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -control O -group O -, O -hippocampal O -stimulation O -alone O -lead O -only O -to O -diffuse O -slowing O -of O -cerebral O -bioelectrical O -activity O -at O -5V O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Our O -results O -revealed O -that O -continuous O -high O -frequency O -stimulation O -of O -the O -hippocampus O -suppressed O -acute O -cortical O -epileptic O -activity O -effectively O -without O -causing O -secondary O -epileptic O -discharges O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -are O -important O -in O -terms O -of O -defining O -the O -optimal O -parameters O -of O -hippocampal O -DBS O -in O -patients O -with O -epilepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -CCNU B-Chemical -( O -lomustine B-Chemical -) O -toxicity O -in O -dogs O -: O -a O -retrospective O -study O -( O -2002 O -- O -07 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -describe O -the O -incidence O -of O -haematological O -, O -renal O -, O -hepatic O -and O -gastrointestinal O -toxicities O -in O -tumour O -- O -bearing O -dogs O -receiving O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloroethyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cyclohexyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrosourea I-Chemical -( O -CCNU B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -The O -medical O -records O -of O -206 O -dogs O -that O -were O -treated O -with O -CCNU B-Chemical -at O -the O -Melbourne O -Veterinary O -Specialist O -Centre O -between O -February O -2002 O -and O -December O -2007 O -were O -retrospectively O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Of O -the O -206 O -dogs O -treated O -with O -CCNU B-Chemical -, O -185 O -met O -the O -inclusion O -criteria O -for O -at O -least O -one O -class O -of O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -CCNU B-Chemical -was O -used O -most O -commonly O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -lymphoma O -, O -mast O -cell O -tumour O -, O -brain O -tumour O -, O -histiocytic O -tumours O -and O -epitheliotropic O -lymphoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Throughout O -treatment O -, O -56 O -. O -9 O -% O -of O -dogs O -experienced O -neutropenia O -, O -34 O -. O -2 O -% O -experienced O -anaemia O -and O -14 O -. O -2 O -% O -experienced O -thrombocytopenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Gastrointestinal O -toxicosis O -was O -detected O -in O -37 O -. O -8 O -% O -of O -dogs O -, O -the O -most O -common O -sign O -of O -which O -was O -vomiting O -( O -24 O -. O -3 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Potential O -renal O -toxicity O -and O -elevated O -alanine B-Chemical -transaminase O -( O -ALT O -) O -concentration O -were O -reported O -in O -12 O -. O -2 O -% O -and O -48 O -. O -8 O -% O -of O -dogs O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -hepatic O -failure O -was O -1 O -. O -2 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -CCNU B-Chemical -- O -associated O -toxicity O -in O -dogs O -is O -common O -, O -but O -is O -usually O -not O -life O -threatening O -. O - -aps B-category -Central O -vein O -thrombosis O -and O -topical O -dipivalyl B-Chemical -epinephrine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -report O -is O -given O -on O -an O -83 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -female O -who O -acquired O -central O -vein O -thrombosis O -in O -her O -seeing O -eye O -one O -day O -after O -having O -started O -topical O -medication O -with O -dipivalyl B-Chemical -epinephrine I-Chemical -for O -advanced O -glaucoma O -discovered O -in O -the O -other O -eye O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -present O -knowledge O -about O -the O -effects O -of O -adrenergic O -eye O -drops O -on O -ocular O -blood O -circulation O -, O -it O -is O -difficult O -to O -suggest O -an O -association O -between O -the O -two O -events O -, O -which O -may O -be O -coincidental O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -Benzylacyclouridine B-Chemical -reverses O -azidothymidine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -marrow O -suppression O -without O -impairment O -of O -anti O -- O -human O -immunodeficiency O -virus O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -extracellular O -concentrations O -of O -uridine B-Chemical -( O -Urd B-Chemical -) O -have O -been O -reported O -to O -reduce O -, O -in O -vitro O -, O -azidothymidine B-Chemical -( O -AZT B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -inhibition O -of O -human O -granulocyte O -- O -macrophage O -progenitor O -cells O -without O -impairment O -of O -its O -antihuman O -immunodeficiency O -virus O -( O -HIV O -) O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -the O -clinical O -toxicities O -associated O -with O -chronic O -Urd B-Chemical -administration O -, O -the O -ability O -of O -benzylacyclouridine B-Chemical -( O -BAU B-Chemical -) O -to O -effect O -, O -in O -vivo O -, O -AZT B-Chemical -- O -induced O -anemia O -and O -leukopenia O -was O -assessed O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -agent O -inhibits O -Urd B-Chemical -catabolism O -and O -, O -in O -vivo O -, O -increases O -the O -plasma O -concentration O -of O -Urd B-Chemical -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -, O -without O -Urd B-Chemical -- O -related O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -mice O -rendered O -anemic O -and O -leukopenic O -by O -the O -administration O -of O -AZT B-Chemical -for O -28 O -days O -in O -drinking O -water O -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -mL O -) O -, O -the O -continued O -administration O -of O -AZT B-Chemical -plus O -daily O -BAU B-Chemical -( O -300 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -orally O -) O -partially O -reversed O -AZT B-Chemical -- O -induced O -anemia O -and O -leukopenia O -( O -P O -less O -than O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -increased O -peripheral O -reticulocytes O -( O -to O -4 O -. O -9 O -% O -, O -P O -less O -than O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -increased O -cellularity O -in O -the O -marrow O -, O -and O -improved O -megaloblastosis O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -coadministered O -with O -AZT B-Chemical -from O -the O -onset O -of O -drug O -administration O -, O -BAU B-Chemical -reduced O -AZT B-Chemical -- O -induced O -marrow O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -, O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -100 O -mumol O -/ O -L O -, O -BAU B-Chemical -possesses O -minimal O -anti O -- O -HIV O -activity O -and O -has O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -ability O -of O -AZT B-Chemical -to O -reverse O -the O -HIV O -- O -induced O -cytopathic O -effect O -in O -MT4 O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -and O -biochemical O -implications O -of O -these O -findings O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Lethal O -anuria O -complicating O -high O -dose O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -chemotherapy O -in O -a O -breast O -cancer O -patient O -with O -an O -impaired O -renal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -sixty O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -advanced O -breast O -cancer O -, O -previously O -treated O -with O -cisplatin B-Chemical -, O -developed O -an O -irreversible O -lethal O -renal O -failure O -with O -anuria O -, O -the O -day O -after O -5 O -g O -/ O -m2 O -bolus O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Postrenal O -failure O -was O -excluded O -by O -echography O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -prerenal O -component O -could O -have O -contributed O -to O -renal O -failure O -because O -of O -a O -transient O -hypotension O -, O -due O -to O -an O -increasing O -ascitis O -, O -occurring O -just O -before O -anuria O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -correction O -of O -the O -hemodynamic O -parameters O -did O -not O -improve O -renal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Ifosfamide B-Chemical -is O -a O -known O -nephrotoxic O -drug O -with O -demonstrated O -tubulopathies O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -strongly O -suspect O -that O -this O -lethal O -anuria O -was O -mainly O -due O -to O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -, O -occurring O -in O -a O -patient O -having O -received O -previous O -cisplatin B-Chemical -chemotherapy O -and O -with O -poor O -kidney O -perfusion O -due O -to O -transient O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -recommend O -careful O -use O -of O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -in O -patients O -pretreated O -with O -nephrotoxic O -chemotherapy O -and O -inadequate O -renal O -perfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Nociceptive O -effects O -induced O -by O -intrathecal O -administration O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -D2 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -or I-Chemical -F2 I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -to O -conscious O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -intrathecal O -administration O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -on O -pain O -responses O -in O -conscious O -mice O -were O -evaluated O -by O -using O -hot O -plate O -and O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -writhing O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostaglandin B-Chemical -D2 I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -3 O -ng O -/ O -mouse O -) O -had O -a O -hyperalgesic O -action O -on O -the O -response O -to O -a O -hot O -plate O -during O -a O -3 O -- O -60 O -min O -period O -after O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -showed O -a O -hyperalgesic O -effect O -at O -doses O -of O -1 O -pg B-Chemical -to O -10 O -ng O -/ O -mouse O -, O -but O -the O -effect O -lasted O -shorter O -( O -3 O -- O -30 O -min O -) O -than O -that O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -D2 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -results O -were O -obtained O -by O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -writhing O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hyperalgesic O -effect O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -D2 I-Chemical -was O -blocked O -by O -simultaneous O -injection O -of O -a O -substance O -P O -antagonist O -( O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -100 O -ng O -) O -but O -not O -by O -AH6809 B-Chemical -, O -a O -prostanoid O -EP1 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversely O -, O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperalgesia O -was O -blocked O -by O -AH6809 B-Chemical -( O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -500 O -ng O -) O -but O -not O -by O -the O -substance O -P O -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostaglandin B-Chemical -F2 I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -had O -little O -effect O -on O -pain O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -demonstrate O -that O -both O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -D2 I-Chemical -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -exert O -hyperalgesia O -in O -the O -spinal O -cord O -, O -but O -in O -different O -ways O -. O - -aps B-category -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -localized O -scleroderma O -. O - -aps B-category -Localized O -scleroderma O -has O -no O -recognized O -internal O -organ O -involvement O -but O -may O -be O -disfiguring O -and O -disabling O -when O -the O -cutaneous O -lesions O -are O -extensive O -or O -affect O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -no O -accepted O -or O -proven O -treatment O -for O -localized O -scleroderma O -. O - -aps B-category -Case O -reports O -of O -11 O -patients O -with O -severe O -, O -extensive O -localized O -scleroderma O -who O -were O -treated O -with O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -are O -summarized O -in O -this O -article O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -drug O -was O -judged O -to O -have O -a O -favorable O -effect O -on O -the O -disease O -course O -in O -7 O -( O -64 O -% O -) O -of O -11 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Improvement O -began O -within O -3 O -to O -6 O -months O -and O -consisted O -of O -cessation O -of O -active O -cutaneous O -lesions O -in O -all O -7 O -patients O -, O -skin O -softening O -in O -5 O -, O -and O -more O -normal O -growth O -of O -the O -affected O -limb O -in O -2 O -of O -3 O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -Joint O -stiffness O -and O -contractures O -also O -improved O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -associated O -with O -a O -favorable O -response O -was O -as O -low O -as O -2 O -to O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -day O -given O -over O -a O -period O -ranging O -from O -15 O -to O -53 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Penicillamine I-Chemical -caused O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -in O -1 O -patient O -and O -milder O -reversible O -proteinuria O -in O -3 O -other O -patients O -; O -none O -developed O -renal O -insufficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -may O -be O -effective O -in O -severe O -cases O -of O -localized O -scleroderma O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -sinus O -thrombosis O -as O -a O -potential O -hazard O -of O -antifibrinolytic O -treatment O -in O -menorrhagia O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -42 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -who O -developed O -superior O -sagittal O -and O -left O -transverse O -sinus O -thrombosis O -associated O -with O -prolonged O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminocaproic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -therapy O -for O -menorrhagia O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -antifibrinolytic O -agent O -has O -been O -used O -in O -women O -with O -menorrhagia O -to O -promote O -clotting O -and O -reduce O -blood O -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -increased O -risk O -of O -thromboembolic O -disease O -has O -been O -reported O -during O -treatment O -with O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminocaproic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -cerebral O -sinus O -thrombosis O -has O -not O -been O -previously O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Careful O -use O -of O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminocaproic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -therapy O -is O -recommended O -. O - -aps B-category -Seizure O -activity O -with O -imipenem B-Chemical -therapy O -: O -incidence O -and O -risk O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -elderly O -patients O -with O -a O -history O -of O -either O -cerebral O -vascular O -accident O -( O -CVA O -) O -or O -head O -trauma O -and O -no O -evidence O -of O -renal O -disease O -developed O -seizures O -while O -receiving O -maximum O -doses O -of O -imipenem B-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -cilastatin I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -patient O -had O -reported O -previous O -seizures O -or O -seizure O -- O -like O -activity O -nor O -was O -receiving O -anticonvulsant O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -seizures O -were O -controlled O -with O -therapeutic O -doses O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -patients O -had O -received O -maximum O -doses O -of O -other O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotics O -without O -evidence O -of O -seizure O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Midline O -B3 O -serotonin B-Chemical -nerves O -in O -rat O -medulla O -are O -involved O -in O -hypotensive O -effect O -of O -methyldopa B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -experiments O -in O -this O -laboratory O -have O -shown O -that O -microinjection O -of O -methyldopa B-Chemical -onto O -the O -ventrolateral O -cells O -of O -the O -B3 O -serotonin B-Chemical -neurons O -in O -the O -medulla O -elicits O -a O -hypotensive O -response O -mediated O -by O -a O -projection O -descending O -into O -the O -spinal O -cord O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -experiments O -were O -designed O -to O -investigate O -the O -role O -of O -the O -midline O -cells O -of O -the O -B3 O -serotonin B-Chemical -neurons O -in O -the O -medulla O -, O -coinciding O -with O -the O -raphe O -magnus O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -, O -stroke O -- O -prone O -rats O -, O -microinjection O -of O -methyldopa B-Chemical -into O -the O -area O -of O -the O -midline O -B3 O -serotonin B-Chemical -cell O -group O -in O -the O -ventral O -medulla O -caused O -a O -potent O -hypotension O -of O -30 O -- O -40 O -mm O -Hg O -, O -which O -was O -maximal O -2 O -- O -3 O -h O -after O -administration O -and O -was O -abolished O -by O -the O -serotonin B-Chemical -neurotoxin O -5 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DHT I-Chemical -) O -injected O -intracerebroventricularly O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -intraspinal O -injection O -of O -5 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DHT I-Chemical -to O -produce O -a O -more O -selective O -lesion O -of O -only O -descending O -serotonin B-Chemical -projections O -in O -the O -spinal O -cord O -did O -not O -affect O -this O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -, O -5 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DHT I-Chemical -lesion O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -nerves O -travelling O -in O -the O -median O -forebrain O -bundle O -, O -one O -of O -the O -main O -ascending O -pathways O -from O -the O -B3 O -serotonin B-Chemical -cells O -, O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -fall O -in O -blood O -pressure O -associated O -with O -a O -midline O -B3 O -serotonin B-Chemical -methyldopa B-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -therefore O -that O -, O -unlike O -the O -ventrolateral O -B3 O -cells O -which O -mediate O -a O -methyldopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -via O -descending O -projections O -, O -the O -midline O -serotonin B-Chemical -B3 O -cells O -in O -the O -medulla O -contribute O -to O -the O -hypotensive O -action O -of O -methyldopa B-Chemical -, O -either O -by O -way O -of O -an O -ascending O -projection O -which O -does O -not O -pass O -through O -the O -median O -forebrain O -bundle O -, O -or O -through O -a O -projection O -restricted O -to O -the O -caudal O -brainstem O -. O - -aps B-category -Antiarrhythmic O -plasma O -concentrations O -of O -cibenzoline B-Chemical -on O -canine O -ventricular O -arrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -two O -- O -stage O -coronary O -ligation O -- O -, O -digitalis B-Chemical -- O -, O -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -canine O -ventricular O -arrhythmias O -, O -antiarrhythmic O -effects O -of O -cibenzoline B-Chemical -were O -examined O -and O -the O -minimum O -effective O -plasma O -concentration O -for O -each O -arrhythmia O -model O -was O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Cibenzoline B-Chemical -suppressed O -all O -the O -arrhythmias O -, O -and O -the O -minimum O -effective O -plasma O -concentrations O -for O -arrhythmias O -induced O -by O -24 O -- O -h O -coronary O -ligation O -, O -48 O -- O -h O -coronary O -ligation O -, O -digitalis B-Chemical -, O -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -were O -1 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -9 O -( O -by O -8 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -, O -1 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -( O -by O -8 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -, O -0 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -( O -by O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -, O -and O -3 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -3 O -( O -by O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -micrograms O -/ O -ml O -, O -respectively O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SDM O -, O -n O -= O -6 O -- O -7 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -for O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -arrhythmia O -was O -significantly O -higher O -than O -those O -for O -the O -other O -types O -of O -arrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -pharmacological O -profile O -is O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -mexiletine B-Chemical -and O -tocainide B-Chemical -, O -and O -all O -three O -drugs O -have O -central O -nervous O -system O -( O -CNS O -) O -stimulant O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -cibenzoline B-Chemical -had O -only O -weak O -hypotensive O -and O -sinus O -node O -depressive O -effects O -and O -was O -found O -to O -be O -orally O -active O -when O -given O -to O -coronary O -ligation O -arrhythmia O -dogs O -, O -its O -clinical O -usefulness O -is O -expected O -. O - -aps B-category -Continuous O -ambulatory O -ECG O -monitoring O -during O -fluorouracil B-Chemical -therapy O -: O -a O -prospective O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -there O -have O -been O -anecdotal O -reports O -of O -cardiac O -toxicity O -associated O -with O -fluorouracil B-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -) O -therapy O -, O -this O -phenomenon O -has O -not O -been O -studied O -in O -a O -systematic O -fashion O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -prospectively O -performed O -continuous O -ambulatory O -ECG O -monitoring O -on O -25 O -patients O -undergoing O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -infusion O -for O -treatment O -of O -solid O -tumors O -in O -order O -to O -assess O -the O -incidence O -of O -ischemic O -ST O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -monitored O -for O -23 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -hours O -before O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -infusion O -, O -and O -98 O -+ O -/ O -- O -9 O -hours O -during O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Anginal O -episodes O -were O -rare O -: O -only O -one O -patient O -had O -angina O -( O -during O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -infusion O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -asymptomatic O -ST O -changes O -( O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -1 O -mm O -ST O -deviation O -) O -were O -common O -: O -six O -of O -25 O -patients O -( O -24 O -% O -) O -had O -ST O -changes O -before O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -infusion O -v O -17 O -( O -68 O -% O -) O -during O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -infusion O -( O -P O -less O -than O -. O -002 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -ischemic O -episodes O -per O -patient O -per O -hour O -was O -0 O -. O -05 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -02 O -prior O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -infusion O -v O -0 O -. O -13 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -03 O -during O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -infusion O -( O -P O -less O -than O -. O -001 O -) O -; O -the O -duration O -of O -ECG O -changes O -was O -0 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -3 O -minutes O -per O -patient O -per O -hour O -before O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -v O -1 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -minutes O -per O -patient O -per O -hour O -during O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -( O -P O -less O -than O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -ECG O -changes O -were O -more O -common O -among O -patients O -with O -known O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -two O -cases O -of O -sudden O -death O -, O -both O -of O -which O -occurred O -at O -the O -end O -of O -the O -chemotherapy O -course O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -infusion O -is O -associated O -with O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -silent O -ST O -segment O -deviation O -suggestive O -of O -ischemia O -, O -particularly O -among O -patients O -with O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -and O -clinical O -significance O -of O -these O -ECG O -changes O -remain O -to O -be O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Nature O -, O -time O -course O -and O -dose O -dependence O -of O -zidovudine B-Chemical -- O -related O -side O -effects O -: O -results O -from O -the O -Multicenter O -Canadian O -Azidothymidine B-Chemical -Trial O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -characterize O -the O -nature O -, O -time O -course O -and O -dose O -dependency O -of O -zidovudine B-Chemical -- O -related O -side O -effects O -, O -we O -undertook O -a O -multicenter O -, O -prospective O -, O -dose O -- O -range O -finding O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -study O -group O -consisted O -of O -74 O -HIV O -- O -positive O -homosexual O -men O -belonging O -to O -groups O -II O -B O -, O -III O -and O -IV O -C2 O -from O -the O -Centers O -for O -Disease O -Control O -( O -CDC O -) O -classification O -of O -HIV O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -a O -3 O -- O -week O -observation O -period O -, O -volunteers O -were O -treated O -with O -zidovudine B-Chemical -600 O -mg O -/ O -day O -for O -18 O -weeks O -, O -900 O -mg O -/ O -day O -for O -9 O -weeks O -and O -1200 O -mg O -/ O -day O -for O -9 O -weeks O -, O -followed O -by O -a O -washout O -period O -of O -6 O -weeks O -after O -which O -they O -were O -re O -- O -started O -on O -1200 O -mg O -/ O -day O -or O -the O -highest O -tolerated O -dose O -at O -8 O -- O -hourly O -intervals O -. O - -aps B-category -Subjects O -were O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -4 O -- O -hourly O -or O -8 O -- O -hourly O -regimens O -within O -CDC O -groups O -while O -taking O -600 O -and O -1200 O -mg O -/ O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -and O -laboratory O -evaluations O -were O -performed O -at O -3 O -- O -week O -intervals O -. O - -aps B-category -Symptomatic O -adverse O -effects O -were O -present O -in O -96 O -% O -of O -subjects O -, O -most O -commonly O -nausea O -( O -64 O -% O -) O -, O -fatigue O -( O -55 O -% O -) O -and O -headache O -( O -49 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -were O -generally O -self O -- O -limited O -, O -reappearing O -briefly O -at O -each O -dose O -increment O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -decrease O -in O -hemoglobin O -occurred O -shortly O -after O -initiation O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -not O -dose O -dependent O -and O -reversed O -rapidly O -upon O -discontinuation O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -red O -blood O -cell O -count O -decrease O -, O -a O -mean O -cell O -volume O -increase O -and O -a O -granulocyte O -count O -decrease O -developed O -early O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -independent O -fashion O -, O -reverting O -at O -least O -partially O -during O -the O -washout O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -in O -reticulocyte O -count O -was O -dose O -related O -between O -600 O -and O -900 O -mg O -/ O -day O -with O -no O -further O -change O -when O -the O -dose O -was O -escalated O -to O -1200 O -mg O -/ O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -Bone O -marrow O -changes O -occurred O -rapidly O -as O -demonstrated O -by O -megaloblastosis O -in O -95 O -% O -of O -65 O -specimens O -at O -week O -18 O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -National O -project O -on O -the O -prevention O -of O -mother O -- O -to O -- O -infant O -infection O -by O -hepatitis O -B O -virus O -in O -Japan O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Japan O -, O -a O -nationwide O -prevention O -program O -against O -mother O -- O -to O -- O -infant O -infection O -by O -hepatitis O -B O -virus O -( O -HBV O -) O -started O -in O -1985 O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -program O -consists O -of O -double O -screenings O -of O -pregnant O -women O -and O -prophylactic O -treatment O -to O -the O -infants O -born O -to O -both O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBsAg B-Chemical -) O -and O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -e I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBeAg B-Chemical -) O -positive O -mothers O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -infants O -are O -treated O -with O -two O -injections O -of O -hepatitis O -B O -immune O -globulin O -( O -HBIG O -) O -and O -at O -least O -three O -injections O -of O -plasma O -derived O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -vaccine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -sent O -questionnaires O -about O -the O -numbers O -of O -each O -procedure O -or O -examination O -during O -nine O -months O -of O -investigation O -period O -to O -each O -local O -government O -in O -1986 O -and O -1987 O -. O - -aps B-category -93 O -. O -4 O -% O -pregnant O -women O -had O -the O -chance O -to O -be O -examined O -for O -HBsAg B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -positive O -rate O -was O -1 O -. O -4 O -to O -1 O -. O -5 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -HBeAg B-Chemical -positive O -rate O -in O -HBsAg B-Chemical -positive O -was O -23 O -to O -26 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -HBsAg B-Chemical -positive O -rate O -in O -neonates O -and O -in O -infants O -before O -two O -months O -were O -3 O -% O -and O -2 O -% O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -problems O -may O -arise O -, O -because O -27 O -to O -30 O -% O -of O -infants O -need O -the O -fourth O -vaccination O -in O -some O -restricted O -areas O -. O - -aps B-category -Involvement O -of O -the O -mu O -- O -opiate O -receptor O -in O -peripheral O -analgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intradermal O -injection O -of O -mu O -( O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -Tyr B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Ala I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Gly I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NMe I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Phe I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Gly I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ol I-Chemical -and O -morphiceptin B-Chemical -) O -, O -kappa O -( O -trans B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dichloro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyrrolidinyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -cyclohexyl I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -benzeneactemide I-Chemical -) O -and O -delta O -( O -[ B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Pen2 I-Chemical -. I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -enkephalin I-Chemical -and O -[ B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Ser2 I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -Leu I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -enkephalin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Thr I-Chemical -) O -selective O -opioid O -- O -agonists O -, O -by O -themselves O -, O -did O -not O -significantly O -affect O -the O -mechanical O -nociceptive O -threshold O -in O -the O -hindpaw O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Intradermal O -injection O -of O -mu O -, O -but O -not O -delta O -or O -kappa O -opioid O -- O -agonists O -, O -however O -, O -produced O -dose O -- O -dependent O -inhibition O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperalgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -analgesic O -effect O -of O -the O -mu O -- O -agonist O -morphine B-Chemical -was O -dose O -- O -dependently O -antagonized O -by O -naloxone B-Chemical -and O -prevented O -by O -co O -- O -injection O -of O -pertussis O -toxin O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -did O -not O -, O -however O -, O -alter O -the O -hyperalgesia O -induced O -by O -8 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bromo I-Chemical -cyclic I-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -the O -analgesic O -action O -of O -opioids O -on O -the O -peripheral O -terminals O -of O -primary O -afferents O -is O -via O -a O -binding O -site O -with O -characteristics O -of O -the O -mu O -- O -opioid O -receptor O -and O -that O -this O -action O -is O -mediated O -by O -inhibition O -of O -the O -cyclic B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -second O -messenger O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Involvement O -of O -locus O -coeruleus O -and O -noradrenergic O -neurotransmission O -in O -fentanyl B-Chemical -- O -induced O -muscular O -rigidity O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -muscular O -rigidity O -is O -a O -well O -- O -known O -side O -effect O -that O -is O -associated O -with O -high O -- O -dose O -fentanyl B-Chemical -anesthesia O -, O -a O -paucity O -of O -information O -exists O -with O -regard O -to O -its O -underlying O -mechanism O -( O -s O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -investigated O -in O -this O -study O -the O -possible O -engagement O -of O -locus O -coeruleus O -of O -the O -pons O -in O -this O -phenomenon O -, O -using O -male O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -anesthetized O -with O -ketamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -proper O -control O -of O -respiration O -, O -body O -temperature O -and O -end O -- O -tidal O -CO2 B-Chemical -, O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -( O -50 O -or O -100 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -) O -consistently O -promoted O -an O -increase O -in O -electromyographic O -activity O -recorded O -from O -the O -gastrocnemius O -and O -abdominal O -rectus O -muscles O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -an O -induced O -muscular O -rigidity O -by O -the O -narcotic O -agent O -was O -significantly O -antagonized O -or O -even O -reduced O -by O -prior O -electrolytic O -lesions O -of O -the O -locus O -coeruleus O -or O -pretreatment O -with O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocker O -, O -prazosin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Microinjection O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -micrograms O -/ O -50 O -nl O -) O -directly O -into O -this O -pontine O -nucleus O -, O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -elicited O -discernible O -electromyographic O -excitation O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -speculated O -that O -the O -induction O -of O -muscular O -rigidity O -by O -fentanyl B-Chemical -may O -involve O -the O -coerulospinal O -noradrenergic O -fibers O -to O -the O -spinal O -motoneurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -, O -acting O -through O -central O -alpha O -- O -2 O -adrenoceptors O -, O -prevents O -opiate O -- O -induced O -muscle O -rigidity O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -highly O -- O -selective O -alpha O -- O -2 O -adrenergic O -agonist O -dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -( O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -MED I-Chemical -) O -is O -capable O -of O -inducing O -muscle O -flaccidity O -and O -anesthesia O -in O -rats O -and O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Intense O -generalized O -muscle O -rigidity O -is O -an O -undesirable O -side O -effect O -of O -potent O -opiate O -agonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -neurochemistry O -of O -opiate O -- O -induced O -rigidity O -has O -yet O -to O -be O -fully O -elucidated O -, O -recent O -work O -suggests O -a O -role O -for O -a O -central O -adrenergic O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -the O -authors O -determined O -if O -treatment O -with O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -MED I-Chemical -prevents O -the O -muscle O -rigidity O -caused O -by O -high O -- O -dose O -alfentanil B-Chemical -anesthesia O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -( O -n O -= O -42 O -) O -were O -treated O -intraperitoneally O -with O -one O -of O -the O -following O -six O -regimens O -: O -1 O -) O -L O -- O -MED O -( O -the O -inactive O -L O -- O -isomer O -of O -medetomidine B-Chemical -) O -, O -30 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -; O -2 O -) O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -MED I-Chemical -, O -10 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -; O -3 O -) O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -MED I-Chemical -, O -30 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -; O -4 O -) O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -MED I-Chemical -[ O -30 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -] O -and O -the O -central O -- O -acting O -alpha O -- O -2 O -antagonist O -, O -idazoxan B-Chemical -[ O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -] O -; O -5 O -) O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -MED I-Chemical -[ O -30 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -] O -and O -the O -peripheral O -- O -acting O -alpha O -- O -2 O -antagonist O -DG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5128 I-Chemical -[ O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -] O -, O -or O -; O -6 O -) O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -Baseline O -electromyographic O -activity O -was O -recorded O -from O -the O -gastrocnemius O -muscle O -before O -and O -after O -drug O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -rat O -was O -then O -injected O -with O -alfentanil B-Chemical -( O -ALF B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -sc O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -ALF B-Chemical -injection O -resulted O -in O -a O -marked O -increase O -in O -hindlimb O -EMG O -activity O -in O -the O -L O -- O -MED O -treatment O -group O -which O -was O -indistinguishable O -from O -that O -seen O -in O -animals O -treated O -with O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -MED I-Chemical -prevented O -alfentanil B-Chemical -- O -induced O -muscle O -rigidity O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -fashion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -small O -EMG O -values O -obtained O -in O -the O -high O -- O -dose O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -MED I-Chemical -group O -were O -comparable O -with O -those O -recorded O -in O -earlier O -studies O -from O -control O -animals O -not O -given O -any O -opiate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -- O -dose O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -MED I-Chemical -animals O -were O -flaccid O -, O -akinetic O -, O -and O -lacked O -a O -startle O -response O -during O -the O -entire O -experimental O -period O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Some O -central O -effects O -of O -repeated O -treatment O -with O -fluvoxamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -investigated O -the O -effect O -of O -repeated O -treatment O -with O -fluvoxamine B-Chemical -, O -a O -selective O -serotonin B-Chemical -uptake O -inhibitor O -, O -on O -behavioral O -effects O -of O -dopaminomimetics O -and O -methoxamine B-Chemical -and O -on O -the O -animal O -behavior O -in O -the O -" O -behavioral O -despair O -" O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -repeated O -treatment O -with O -fluvoxamine B-Chemical -( O -twice O -daily O -for O -14 O -days O -) O -potentiated O -in O -mice O -and O -in O -rats O -( O -weaker O -) O -the O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hyperactivity O -induced O -by O -nomifensine B-Chemical -in O -mice O -remained O -unaffected O -by O -fluvoxamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulation O -of O -locomotor O -activity O -by O -intracerebroventricularly O -administered O -methoxamine B-Chemical -was O -not O -affected O -by O -repeated O -treatment O -with O -fluvoxamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Given O -three O -times O -fluvoxamine B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -immobilization O -time O -in O -the O -" O -behavioral O -despair O -" O -test O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -fluvoxamine B-Chemical -given O -repeatedly O -acts O -differently O -than O -citalopram B-Chemical -, O -another O -selective O -serotonin B-Chemical -uptake O -inhibitor O -, O -and O -differs O -also O -from O -other O -antidepressant O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Protective O -effect O -of O -a O -specific O -platelet O -- O -activating O -factor O -antagonist O -, O -BN B-Chemical -52021 I-Chemical -, O -on O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiovascular O -impairments O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -the O -local O -anaesthetic O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -or O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -to O -rats O -elicited O -a O -marked O -decrease O -of O -mean O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -( O -MBP O -) O -and O -heart O -rate O -( O -HR O -) O -leading O -to O -death O -( O -in O -67 O -% O -or O -90 O -% O -of O -animals O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -injection O -of O -the O -specific O -platelet O -- O -activating O -factor O -( O -PAF O -) O -antagonist O -BN B-Chemical -52021 I-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -30 O -min O -before O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -administration O -( O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -suppressed O -both O -the O -decrease O -of O -MBP O -and O -HR O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -doses O -of O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -BN B-Chemical -52021 I-Chemical -given O -30 O -min O -before O -or O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -administered O -5 O -min O -before O -i O -. O -v O -. O -injection O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -were O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -BN B-Chemical -52021 I-Chemical -( O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -was O -injected O -immediately O -after O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -( O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -a O -partial O -reversion O -of O -the O -decrease O -of O -MBP O -and O -HR O -was O -observed O -, O -whereas O -the O -dose O -of O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -was O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -partial O -recovery O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ECG O -alterations O -was O -observed O -after O -pretreatment O -of O -the O -rats O -with O -BN B-Chemical -52021 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -administration O -of O -BN B-Chemical -52021 I-Chemical -, O -at O -all O -doses O -studied O -, O -did O -not O -alter O -MBP O -and O -HR O -at O -the O -doses O -used O -, O -the O -bulk O -of O -these O -results O -clearly O -demonstrate O -a O -protective O -action O -of O -BN B-Chemical -52021 I-Chemical -, O -a O -specific O -antagonist O -of O -PAF O -, O -against O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiovascular O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -consistent O -with O -its O -direct O -effect O -on O -heart O -, O -PAF O -appears O -to O -be O -implicated O -in O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiovascular O -alterations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -epidemiology O -of O -the O -acute O -flank O -pain O -syndrome O -from O -suprofen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Suprofen B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -nonsteroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drug O -, O -was O -marketed O -in O -early O -1986 O -as O -an O -analgesic O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Until O -physicians O -began O -reporting O -an O -unusual O -acute O -flank O -pain O -syndrome O -to O -the O -spontaneous O -reporting O -system O -, O -700 O -, O -000 O -persons O -used O -the O -drug O -in O -the O -United O -States O -. O - -aps B-category -Through O -August O -1986 O -, O -a O -total O -of O -163 O -cases O -of O -this O -syndrome O -were O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -elucidate O -the O -epidemiology O -of O -the O -syndrome O -, O -a O -case O -- O -control O -study O -was O -performed O -, O -comparing O -62 O -of O -the O -case O -patients O -who O -had O -been O -reported O -to O -the O -spontaneous O -reporting O -system O -to O -185 O -suprofen B-Chemical -- O -exposed O -control O -subjects O -who O -did O -not O -have O -the O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Case O -patients O -were O -more O -likely O -to O -be O -men O -( O -odds O -ratio O -, O -3 O -. O -8 O -; O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -, O -1 O -. O -2 O -- O -12 O -. O -1 O -) O -, O -suffer O -from O -hay O -fever O -and O -asthma O -( O -odds O -ratio O -, O -3 O -. O -4 O -; O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -, O -1 O -. O -0 O -- O -11 O -. O -9 O -) O -; O -to O -participate O -in O -regular O -exercise O -( O -odds O -ratio O -, O -5 O -. O -9 O -; O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -, O -1 O -. O -1 O -- O -30 O -. O -7 O -) O -, O -especially O -in O -the O -use O -of O -Nautilus O -equipment O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -; O -and O -to O -use O -alcohol B-Chemical -( O -odds O -ratio O -, O -4 O -. O -4 O -; O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -, O -1 O -. O -1 O -- O -17 O -. O -5 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -risk O -factors O -included O -young O -age O -, O -concurrent O -use O -of O -other O -analgesic O -agents O -( O -especially O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -) O -, O -preexisting O -renal O -disease O -, O -a O -history O -of O -kidney O -stones O -, O -a O -history O -of O -gout O -, O -a O -recent O -increase O -in O -activity O -, O -a O -recent O -increase O -in O -sun O -exposure O -, O -and O -residence O -in O -the O -Sunbelt O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -were O -findings O -that O -were O -suggestive O -but O -did O -not O -reach O -conventional O -statistical O -significance O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -are O -consistent O -with O -the O -postulated O -mechanism O -for O -this O -unusual O -syndrome O -: O -acute O -diffuse O -crystallization O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -renal O -tubules O -. O - -aps B-category -Phlorizin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -glycosuria O -does O -not O -prevent O -gentamicin B-Chemical -nephrotoxicity O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -rats O -with O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -diabetes O -mellitus O -( O -DM O -) O -have O -a O -high O -solute O -diuresis O -( O -glycosuria O -of O -10 O -to O -12 O -g O -/ O -day O -) O -, O -we O -have O -suggested O -that O -this O -may O -in O -part O -be O -responsible O -for O -their O -resistance O -to O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -renal O -failure O -( O -ARF O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protection O -from O -gentamicin B-Chemical -nephrotoxicity O -was O -studied O -in O -non O -- O -diabetic O -rats O -with O -chronic O -solute O -diuresis O -induced O -by O -blockage O -of O -tubular O -glucose B-Chemical -reabsorption O -with O -phlorizin B-Chemical -( O -P B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -DM O -rats O -with O -mild O -glycosuria O -( O -similar O -in O -degree O -to O -that O -of O -the O -P B-Chemical -treated O -animals O -) O -were O -also O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Unanesthetized O -adult O -female O -, O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -were O -divided O -in O -four O -groups O -and O -studied O -for O -15 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Group O -1 O -( O -P B-Chemical -alone O -) O -received O -P B-Chemical -, O -360 O -mg O -/ O -day O -, O -for O -15 O -days O -; O -Group O -II O -( O -P B-Chemical -+ O -gentamicin B-Chemical -) O -; O -Group O -III O -( O -gentamicin B-Chemical -alone O -) O -and O -Group O -IV O -( O -mild O -DM O -+ O -gentamicin B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Nephrotoxic O -doses O -( O -40 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -wt O -/ O -day O -) O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -were O -injected O -during O -the O -last O -nine O -days O -of O -study O -to O -the O -animals O -of O -groups O -II O -to O -IV O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Group O -I O -, O -P B-Chemical -induced O -a O -moderate O -and O -stable O -glycosuria O -( O -3 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -1 O -g O -/ O -day O -, O -SE O -) O -, O -and O -no O -functional O -or O -morphologic O -evidence O -of O -renal O -dysfunction O -( O -baseline O -CCr O -2 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -1 O -ml O -/ O -min O -, O -undetectable O -lysozymuria O -) O -or O -damage O -( O -tubular O -necrosis O -score O -[ O -maximum O -4 O -] O -, O -zero O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Group O -II O -, O -P B-Chemical -did O -not O -prevent O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- O -ARF O -( O -maximal O -decrease O -in O -CCr O -at O -day O -9 O -. O -89 O -% O -, O -P B-Chemical -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -; O -peak O -lysozymuria O -, O -1863 O -+ O -/ O -- O -321 O -micrograms O -/ O -day O -; O -and O -tubular O -necrosis O -score O -, O -3 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -values O -were O -not O -different O -from O -those O -of O -Group O -III O -: O -maximal O -decrease O -in O -CCr O -73 O -% O -( O -P B-Chemical -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -; O -lysozymuria O -, O -2147 O -+ O -/ O -- O -701 O -micrograms O -/ O -day O -; O -tubular O -necrosis O -score O -, O -3 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -1 O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Catalepsy O -induced O -by O -combinations O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -and O -morphine B-Chemical -: O -potentiation O -, O -antagonism O -, O -tolerance O -and O -cross O -- O -tolerance O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -studies O -demonstrated O -that O -both O -ketamine B-Chemical -and O -morphine B-Chemical -induced O -analgesia O -and O -catalepsy O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Pre O -- O -treatment O -with O -ketamine B-Chemical -produced O -cross O -- O -tolerance O -to O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -pretreatment O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -did O -not O -induce O -cross O -- O -tolerance O -to O -ketamine B-Chemical -but O -rather O -augmented O -the O -cataleptic O -response O -; O -this O -augmentation O -was O -attributed O -to O -residual O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -studies O -explored O -the O -duration O -of O -the O -loss O -of O -righting O -reflex O -induced O -by O -sub O -- O -effective O -doses O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -and O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -administered O -simultaneously O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -mutual O -potentiation O -between O -sub O -- O -effective O -doses O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -and O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -but O -sub O -- O -effective O -doses O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -partly O -antagonized O -fully O -- O -effective O -doses O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Latency O -to O -the O -loss O -of O -righting O -reflex O -, O -rigidity O -and O -behavior O -on O -recovery O -, O -reflected O -the O -relative O -predominance O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -or O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -each O -combination O -. O - -aps B-category -Naloxone B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -induced O -cataleptic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degree O -and O -time O -course O -of O -development O -of O -tolerance O -to O -daily O -administration O -of O -sub O -- O -effective O -dose O -combinations O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -and O -morphine B-Chemical -were O -similar O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -, O -tolerant O -to O -ketamine B-Chemical -- O -dominant O -combinations O -, O -were O -cross O -- O -tolerant O -to O -both O -drugs O -, O -while O -those O -tolerant O -to O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -dominant O -combinations O -were O -cross O -- O -tolerant O -to O -morphine B-Chemical -but O -showed O -either O -no O -cross O -- O -tolerance O -or O -an O -augmented O -response O -to O -ketamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -While O -the O -mutual O -potentiation O -, O -antagonism O -and O -tolerance O -suggest O -common O -mechanisms O -for O -the O -induced O -catalepsy O -, O -differences O -in O -latency O -, O -rigidity O -and O -behavior O -, O -asymmetry O -of O -cross O -- O -tolerance O -and O -a O -widely O -- O -different O -ID50 O -for O -naloxone B-Chemical -would O -argue O -against O -an O -action O -at O -a O -single O -opioid O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrocortisone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -in O -humans O -: O -pressor O -responsiveness O -and O -sympathetic O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -increases O -blood O -pressure O -and O -enhances O -pressor O -responsiveness O -in O -normal O -human O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -the O -effects O -of O -1 O -week O -of O -oral O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -( O -200 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -on O -blood O -pressure O -, O -cardiac O -output O -, O -total O -peripheral O -resistance O -, O -forearm O -vascular O -resistance O -, O -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -spillover O -to O -plasma O -in O -eight O -healthy O -male O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -diastolic O -blood O -pressure O -remained O -unchanged O -, O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -increased O -from O -119 O -to O -135 O -mm O -Hg O -( O -SED O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -4 O -, O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -associated O -with O -an O -increased O -cardiac O -output O -( O -5 O -. O -85 O -- O -7 O -. O -73 O -l O -/ O -min O -, O -SED O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -46 O -, O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -peripheral O -vascular O -resistance O -fell O -from O -15 O -. O -1 O -to O -12 O -. O -2 O -mm O -Hg O -/ O -l O -/ O -min O -( O -SED O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -03 O -, O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Resting O -forearm O -vascular O -resistance O -remained O -unchanged O -, O -but O -the O -reflex O -response O -to O -the O -cold O -pressor O -test O -was O -accentuated O -, O -the O -rise O -in O -resistance O -increasing O -from O -10 O -. O -5 O -mm O -Hg O -/ O -ml O -/ O -100 O -ml O -/ O -min O -( O -R O -units O -) O -before O -treatment O -to O -32 O -. O -6 O -R O -units O -after O -treatment O -( O -SED O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -. O -4 O -, O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -025 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rise O -in O -forearm O -vascular O -resistance O -accompanying O -intra O -- O -arterial O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -25 O -, O -50 O -, O -and O -100 O -ng O -/ O -min O -) O -was O -also O -significantly O -greater O -after O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -, O -increasing O -from O -an O -average O -of O -14 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -4 O -R O -units O -before O -treatment O -to O -35 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -. O -5 O -R O -units O -after O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -( O -SED O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -. O -0 O -, O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -shift O -to O -the O -left O -in O -the O -dose O -- O -response O -relation O -and O -fall O -in O -threshold O -suggested O -increased O -sensitivity O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -after O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -resting O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -spillover O -rate O -to O -plasma O -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -uptake O -indicated O -that O -overall O -resting O -sympathetic O -nervous O -system O -activity O -was O -not O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rise O -in O -resting O -blood O -pressure O -with O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -is O -associated O -with O -an O -increased O -cardiac O -output O -( O -presumably O -due O -to O -increased O -blood O -volume O -) O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Neuromuscular O -blockade O -with O -magnesium B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -and O -nifedipine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -patient O -who O -received O -tocolysis O -with O -nifedipine B-Chemical -developed O -neuromuscular O -blockade O -after O -500 O -mg O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -was O -administered O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -reaction O -demonstrates O -that O -nifedipine B-Chemical -can O -seriously O -potentiate O -the O -toxicity O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Caution O -should O -be O -exercised O -when O -these O -two O -tocolytics O -are O -combined O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -inhibits O -the O -development O -of O -local O -anesthetic O -seizures O -kindled O -by O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -lidocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -( O -CBZ B-Chemical -) O -treatment O -on O -local O -anesthetic O -- O -kindled O -seizures O -and O -lethality O -were O -evaluated O -in O -different O -stages O -of O -the O -kindling O -process O -and O -under O -different O -methods O -of O -CBZ B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -oral O -CBZ B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -development O -of O -both O -lidocaine B-Chemical -- O -and O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -, O -but O -had O -little O -effect O -on O -the O -fully O -developed O -local O -anesthetic O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -CBZ B-Chemical -also O -decreased O -the O -incidence O -of O -seizure O -- O -related O -mortality O -in O -the O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -injected O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -CBZ B-Chemical -over O -a O -range O -of O -doses O -( O -15 O -- O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -completed O -lidocaine B-Chemical -- O -kindled O -or O -acute O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Repeated O -i O -. O -p O -. O -injection O -of O -CBZ B-Chemical -( O -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -also O -was O -without O -effect O -on O -the O -development O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -- O -or O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -kindled O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -differential O -effects O -of O -CBZ B-Chemical -depending O -upon O -stage O -of O -seizure O -development O -suggest O -that O -distinct O -mechanisms O -underlie O -the O -development O -versus O -maintenance O -of O -local O -anesthetic O -- O -kindled O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effectiveness O -of O -chronic O -but O -not O -repeated O -, O -intermittent O -injections O -of O -CBZ B-Chemical -suggests O -that O -different O -biochemical O -consequences O -result O -from O -the O -different O -treatment O -regimens O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -utility O -of O -chronic O -CBZ B-Chemical -in O -preventing O -the O -development O -of O -toxic O -side O -effects O -in O -human O -cocaine B-Chemical -users O -is O -suggested O -by O -these O -data O -, O -but O -remains O -to O -be O -directly O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnetic O -resonance O -imaging O -of O -cerebral O -venous O -thrombosis O -secondary O -to O -" O -low O -- O -dose O -" O -birth O -control O -pills O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -and O -radiographic O -features O -of O -cerebral O -deep O -venous O -thrombosis O -in O -a O -21 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -white O -woman O -are O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -nulliparous O -patient O -presented O -with O -relatively O -mild O -clinical O -symptoms O -and O -progressing O -mental O -status O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -only O -known O -risk O -factor O -was O -" O -low O -- O -dose O -" O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -pills O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -magnetic O -resonance O -image O -( O -MRI O -) O -showed O -increased O -signal O -intensity O -from O -the O -internal O -cerebral O -veins O -, O -vein O -of O -Galen O -, O -and O -straight O -sinus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diagnosis O -was O -confirmed O -by O -arterial O -angiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Beta O -- O -2 O -- O -adrenoceptor O -- O -mediated O -hypokalemia O -and O -its O -abolishment O -by O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -course O -and O -concentration O -- O -effect O -relationship O -of O -terbutaline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypokalemia O -was O -studied O -, O -using O -computer O -- O -aided O -pharmacokinetic O -- O -dynamic O -modeling O -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequently O -we O -investigated O -the O -efficacy O -of O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -in O -antagonizing O -such O -hypokalemia O -, O -together O -with O -the O -pharmacokinetic O -interaction O -between O -both O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -healthy O -subjects O -were O -given O -a O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -subcutaneous O -dose O -of O -terbutaline B-Chemical -on O -two O -occasions O -: O -1 O -hour O -after O -oral O -administration O -of O -a O -placebo O -and O -1 O -hour O -after O -80 O -mg O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -orally O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -7 O -- O -hour O -period O -after O -terbutaline B-Chemical -administration O -, O -plasma O -samples O -were O -taken O -for O -determination O -of O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -levels O -and O -drug O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sigmoid O -Emax O -model O -offered O -a O -good O -description O -of O -the O -relation O -between O -terbutaline B-Chemical -concentrations O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxprenolol B-Chemical -caused O -decreases O -of O -65 O -% O -and O -56 O -% O -of O -terbutaline B-Chemical -volume O -of O -distribution O -and O -clearance O -, O -respectively O -, O -and O -an O -increase O -of O -130 O -% O -of O -its O -AUC O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -spite O -of O -higher O -terbutaline B-Chemical -concentrations O -after O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -pretreatment O -, O -the O -hypokalemia O -was O -almost O -completely O -antagonized O -by O -the O -beta O -2 O -- O -blocking O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -dystonia O -- O -like O -syndrome O -after O -neuropeptide O -( O -MSH B-Chemical -/ O -ACTH B-Chemical -) O -stimulation O -of O -the O -rat O -locus O -ceruleus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -movement O -disorder O -investigated O -in O -these O -studies O -has O -some O -features O -in O -common O -with O -human O -idiopathic O -dystonia O -, O -and O -information O -obtained O -in O -these O -studies O -may O -be O -of O -potential O -clinical O -benefit O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -experimental O -results O -indicated O -that O -peptidergic O -stimulation O -of O -the O -LC O -resulted O -in O -a O -NE O -- O -mediated O -inhibition O -of O -cerebellar O -Purkinje O -cells O -located O -at O -terminals O -of O -the O -ceruleo O -- O -cerebellar O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -it O -is O -not O -certain O -as O -to O -the O -following O -: O -( O -a O -) O -what O -receptors O -were O -stimulated O -by O -the O -ACTH B-Chemical -N O -- O -terminal O -fragments O -at O -the O -LC O -that O -resulted O -in O -this O -disorder O -; O -( O -b O -) O -whether O -NE O -, O -released O -onto O -Purkinje O -cell O -synapses O -located O -at O -terminals O -of O -the O -ceruleo O -- O -cerebellar O -pathway O -, O -did O -indeed O -cause O -the O -long O -- O -term O -depression O -at O -Purkinje O -cell O -synapses O -( O -previously O -described O -by O -others O -) O -that O -resulted O -in O -the O -long O -duration O -of O -the O -movement O -disorder O -; O -( O -c O -) O -whether O -the O -inhibition O -of O -inhibitory O -Purkinje O -cells O -resulted O -in O -disinhibition O -or O -increased O -excitability O -of O -the O -unilateral O -cerebellar O -fastigial O -or O -interpositus O -nuclei O -, O -the O -output O -targets O -of O -the O -Purkinje O -cell O -axons O -, O -that O -may O -have O -been O -an O -important O -contributing O -factor O -to O -this O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -questions O -are O -currently O -being O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Enhanced O -stimulus O -- O -induced O -neurotransmitter O -overflow O -in O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertensive O -rats O -is O -not O -mediated O -by O -prejunctional O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -examines O -the O -effect O -of O -6 O -- O -day O -epinephrine B-Chemical -treatment O -( O -100 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -per O -h O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -on O -stimulus O -- O -induced O -( O -1 O -Hz O -) O -endogenous O -neurotransmitter O -overflow O -from O -the O -isolated O -perfused O -kidney O -of O -vehicle O -- O -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -catecholamine B-Chemical -stores O -and O -stimulus O -- O -induced O -overflow O -in O -the O -vehicle O -- O -treated O -group O -consisted O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -only O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -treatment O -resulted O -in O -the O -incorporation O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -into O -renal O -catecholamine B-Chemical -stores O -such O -that O -approximately O -40 O -% O -of O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -present O -was O -epinephrine B-Chemical -while O -the O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -content O -was O -reduced O -by O -a O -similar O -degree O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -tissue O -catecholamine B-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -kidney O -on O -a O -molar O -basis O -was O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulus O -- O -induced O -fractional O -overflow O -of O -neurotransmitter O -from O -the O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -kidneys O -was O -approximately O -twice O -normal O -and O -consisted O -of O -both O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -in O -proportions O -similar O -to O -those O -found O -in O -the O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -difference O -in O -fractional O -overflow O -between O -groups O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -neuronal O -and O -extraneuronal O -uptake O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -on O -stimulus O -- O -induced O -overflow O -in O -either O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Phentolamine B-Chemical -increased O -stimulus O -- O -induced O -overflow O -in O -both O -groups O -although O -the O -increment O -in O -overflow O -was O -greater O -in O -the O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -chronic O -epinephrine B-Chemical -treatment O -results O -in O -enhanced O -fractional O -neurotransmitter O -overflow O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -neither O -alterations O -in O -prejunctional O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -influences O -nor O -alterations O -in O -neuronal O -and O -extraneuronal O -uptake O -mechanisms O -appear O -to O -be O -responsible O -for O -this O -alteration O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -data O -obtained O -with O -phentolamine B-Chemical -alone O -do O -not O -suggest O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -desensitization O -as O -the O -cause O -of O -the O -enhanced O -neurotransmitter O -overflow O -after O -epinephrine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -GABA B-Chemical -involvement O -in O -naloxone B-Chemical -induced O -reversal O -of O -respiratory O -paralysis O -produced O -by O -thiopental B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -No O -agent O -is O -yet O -available O -to O -reverse O -respiratory O -paralysis O -produced O -by O -CNS O -depressants O -, O -such O -as O -general O -anesthetics O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -naloxone B-Chemical -reversed O -respiratory O -paralysis O -induced O -by O -thiopental B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -v O -. O -thiopental B-Chemical -produced O -anesthesia O -without O -altering O -respiratory O -rate O -, O -increased O -GABA B-Chemical -, O -decreased O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -and O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -aspartate B-Chemical -or O -glycine B-Chemical -levels O -compared O -to O -controls O -in O -rat O -cortex O -and O -brain O -stem O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -of O -rats O -with O -thiosemicarbazide B-Chemical -for O -30 O -minutes O -abolished O -the O -anesthetic O -action O -as O -well O -as O -the O -respiratory O -depressant O -action O -of O -thiopental B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -v O -. O -thiopental B-Chemical -produced O -respiratory O -arrest O -with O -further O -increase O -in O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -decrease O -in O -glutamate B-Chemical -again O -in O -cortex O -and O -brain O -stem O -without O -affecting O -any O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -studied O -in O -four O -regions O -of O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Naloxone B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -reversed O -respiratory O -paralysis O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -GABA B-Chemical -levels O -to O -control O -values O -in O -brain O -stem O -and O -cortex O -with O -no O -changes O -in O -caudate O -or O -cerebellum O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -naloxone B-Chemical -reverses O -respiratory O -paralysis O -produced O -by O -thiopental B-Chemical -and O -involves O -GABA B-Chemical -in O -its O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -facilitates O -reflex O -bradycardia O -in O -conscious O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -on O -cardiovascular O -function O -were O -assessed O -in O -conscious O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -administration O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -1 O -- O -30 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -) O -produced O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -decrease O -in O -both O -the O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -and O -the O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -reflex O -bradycardia O -was O -produced O -in O -rats O -by O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -25 O -- O -2 O -. O -5 O -micrograms O -kg O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -pretreatment O -of O -the O -rats O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -although O -causing O -no O -change O -in O -the O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -pressor O -effect O -, O -did O -enhance O -the O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -reflex O -bradycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -diazepam B-Chemical -enhancement O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -reflex O -bradycardia O -was O -antagonized O -by O -pretreatment O -of O -rats O -with O -an O -intravenous O -dose O -of O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -( O -an O -agent O -blocks O -chloride B-Chemical -channels O -by O -binding O -to O -sites O -associated O -with O -the O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -- O -GABA B-Chemical -- O -chloride B-Chemical -channel O -macromolecular O -complex O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -indicate O -that O -diazepam B-Chemical -acts O -through O -the O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -- O -GABA B-Chemical -- O -chloride B-Chemical -channel O -macromolecular O -complex O -within O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -to O -facilitate O -reflex O -bradycardia O -mediated O -through O -baroreceptor O -reflexes O -in O -response O -to O -an O -acute O -increase O -in O -arterial O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Initial O -potassium B-Chemical -loss O -and O -hypokalaemia O -during O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -administration O -in O -patients O -with O -essential O -hypertension O -: O -the O -influence O -of O -dietary O -sodium B-Chemical -restriction O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -investigate O -the O -initial O -potassium B-Chemical -loss O -and O -development O -of O -hypokalaemia O -during O -the O -administration O -of O -an O -oral O -diuretic O -, O -metabolic O -balance O -studies O -were O -performed O -in O -ten O -patients O -with O -essential O -hypertension O -who O -had O -shown O -hypokalaemia O -under O -prior O -oral O -diuretic O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Chlorthalidone B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -daily O -) O -was O -given O -for O -14 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -patients O -received O -a O -normal O -- O -sodium B-Chemical -diet O -and O -four O -a O -low O -- O -sodium B-Chemical -( O -17 O -mmol O -/ O -day O -) O -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -had O -a O -normal O -initial O -total O -body O -potassium B-Chemical -( O -40K O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -electrolyte O -balances O -, O -weight O -, O -bromide O -space O -, O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -, O -and O -aldosterone B-Chemical -secretion O -rate O -were O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -groups O -a O -potassium B-Chemical -deficit O -developed O -, O -with O -proportionally O -larger O -losses O -from O -the O -extracellular O -than O -from O -the O -intracellular O -compartment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -normal O -- O -sodium B-Chemical -group O -the O -highest O -mean O -potassium B-Chemical -deficit O -was O -176 O -mmol O -on O -day O -9 O -, O -after O -which O -some O -potassium B-Chemical -was O -regained O -; O -in O -the O -low O -- O -sodium B-Chemical -group O -the O -highest O -deficit O -was O -276 O -mmol O -on O -day O -13 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -normal O -- O -sodium B-Chemical -group O -showed O -an O -immediate O -but O -temporary O -rise O -of O -the O -renin O -and O -aldosterone B-Chemical -levels O -; O -in O -the O -low O -- O -sodium B-Chemical -group O -renin O -and O -aldosterone B-Chemical -increased O -more O -slowly O -but O -remained O -elevated O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -dietary O -sodium B-Chemical -restriction O -increases O -diuretic O -- O -induced O -potassium B-Chemical -loss O -, O -presumably O -by O -an O -increased O -activity O -of O -the O -renin O -- O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- O -aldosterone B-Chemical -system O -, O -while O -sodium B-Chemical -delivery O -to O -the O -distal O -renal O -tubules O -remains O -sufficiently O -high O -to O -allow O -increased O -potassium B-Chemical -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversal O -of O -neuroleptic O -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -by O -novel O -aryl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -piperazine I-Chemical -anxiolytic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -novel O -anxiolytic O -drug O -, O -buspirone B-Chemical -, O -reverses O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -series O -of O -aryl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -piperazine I-Chemical -analogues O -of O -buspirone B-Chemical -and O -other O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptaminergic I-Chemical -agonists I-Chemical -were O -tested O -for O -their O -ability O -to O -reverse O -haloperidol B-Chemical -induced O -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Those O -drugs O -with O -strong O -affinity O -for O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine1a I-Chemical -receptors O -were O -able O -to O -reverse O -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Drugs O -with O -affinity O -for O -other O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -receptors O -or O -weak O -affinity O -were O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -inhibition O -of O -postsynaptic O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -receptors O -neither O -inhibited O -nor O -potentiated O -reversal O -of O -catalepsy O -and O -leaves O -open O -the O -question O -as O -to O -the O -site O -or O -mechanism O -for O -this O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Glycopyrronium B-Chemical -requirements O -for O -antagonism O -of O -the O -muscarinic O -side O -effects O -of O -edrophonium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -compared O -, O -in O -60 O -adult O -patients O -, O -the O -cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -glycopyrronium B-Chemical -5 O -micrograms O -kg O -- O -1 O -and O -10 O -micrograms O -kg O -- O -1 O -given O -either O -simultaneously O -or O -1 O -min O -before O -edrophonium B-Chemical -1 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -differences O -between O -the O -four O -groups O -were O -detected O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -groups O -receiving O -10 O -micrograms O -kg O -- O -1 O -showed O -increases O -in O -heart O -rate O -of O -up O -to O -30 O -beat O -min O -- O -1 O -( O -95 O -% O -confidence O -limits O -28 O -- O -32 O -beat O -min O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -glycopyrronium B-Chemical -5 O -micrograms O -kg O -- O -1 O -provided O -greater O -cardiovascular O -stability O -and O -, O -given O -1 O -min O -before O -the O -edrophonium B-Chemical -, O -was O -sufficient O -to O -minimize O -early O -, O -edrophonium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -bradycardias O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -low O -dose O -of O -glycopyrronium B-Chemical -provided O -good O -control O -of O -oropharyngeal O -secretions O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -injection O -of O -iopentol B-Chemical -, O -iohexol B-Chemical -and O -metrizoate B-Chemical -into O -the O -left O -coronary O -artery O -of O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -and O -decrease O -of O -aortic O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -twenty O -beagle O -dogs O -selective O -injections O -were O -made O -into O -the O -left O -coronary O -artery O -with O -iopentol B-Chemical -, O -iohexol B-Chemical -and O -metrizoate B-Chemical -in O -doses O -of O -4 O -ml O -, O -8 O -ml O -and O -16 O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -six O -iopentol B-Chemical -injections O -, O -35 O -iohexol B-Chemical -injections O -and O -37 O -metrizoate B-Chemical -injections O -were O -made O -. O - -aps B-category -Frequencies O -of O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -were O -significantly O -lower O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -after O -iopentol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -% O -) O -and O -iohexol B-Chemical -( O -3 O -% O -) O -than O -after O -metrizoate B-Chemical -( O -22 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Iopentol B-Chemical -and O -iohexol B-Chemical -also O -produced O -significantly O -less O -decrease O -in O -aortic O -blood O -pressure O -than O -metrizoate B-Chemical -at O -the O -different O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Thyroid O -function O -and O -urine O -- O -concentrating O -ability O -during O -lithium B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -suggested O -that O -adenylate O -cyclase O -inhibition O -may O -be O -important O -in O -the O -development O -of O -both O -nephrogenic O -diabetes O -insipidus O -and O -hypothyroidism O -during O -lithium B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -measured O -serum O -thyroxine B-Chemical -and O -urine O -- O -concentrating O -ability O -( O -Umax O -) O -in O -response O -to O -desmopressin O -( O -DDAVP O -) O -in O -85 O -patients O -receiving O -lithium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hypothyroidism O -developed O -in O -eight O -patients O -while O -they O -were O -taking O -lithium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Impaired O -Umax O -was O -found O -in O -both O -euthyroid O -and O -hypothyroid O -patients O -while O -some O -hypothyroid O -patients O -concentrated O -their O -urine O -well O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -dominant O -mechanisms O -by O -which O -lithium B-Chemical -exerts O -these O -two O -effects O -are O -different O -. O - -aps B-category -Remodelling O -of O -nerve O -structure O -in O -experimental O -isoniazid B-Chemical -neuropathy O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -neuropathy O -caused O -by O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -isoniazid B-Chemical -in O -rats O -was O -studied O -with O -a O -computer O -- O -assisted O -morphometric O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Scatter O -diagrams O -of O -the O -g O -ratio O -( O -quotient O -fibre O -diameter O -/ O -axon O -diameter O -) O -define O -regenerating O -fibres O -as O -a O -distinct O -population O -, O -distinguishable O -from O -the O -surviving O -fibres O -by O -reduced O -sheath O -thickness O -and O -reduced O -axon O -calibre O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -also O -evidence O -of O -a O -subtle O -direct O -toxic O -effect O -on O -the O -entire O -fibre O -population O -, O -causing O -axon O -shrinkage O -masked O -by O -readjustment O -of O -the O -myelin O -sheath O -. O - -aps B-category -Multicenter O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -multiple O -- O -dose O -, O -parallel O -- O -groups O -efficacy O -and O -safety O -trial O -of O -azelastine B-Chemical -, O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -, O -and O -placebo O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -spring O -allergic O -rhinitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Azelastine B-Chemical -, O -a O -novel O -antiallergic O -medication O -, O -was O -compared O -with O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -maleate I-Chemical -and O -placebo O -for O -efficacy O -and O -safety O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -spring O -allergic O -rhinitis O -in O -a O -multicenter O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -multiple O -- O -dose O -, O -parallel O -- O -groups O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -hundred O -fifty O -- O -five O -subjects O -participated O -. O - -aps B-category -Subjects O -ranged O -in O -age O -from O -18 O -to O -60 O -years O -of O -age O -and O -had O -at O -least O -a O -2 O -- O -year O -history O -of O -spring O -allergic O -rhinitis O -, O -confirmed O -by O -positive O -skin O -test O -to O -spring O -aeroallergens O -. O - -aps B-category -Medications O -were O -given O -four O -times O -daily O -; O -the O -azelastine B-Chemical -groups O -received O -0 O -. O -5 O -, O -1 O -. O -0 O -, O -or O -2 O -. O -0 O -mg O -in O -the O -morning O -and O -evening O -with O -placebo O -in O -the O -early O -and O -late O -afternoon O -; O -the O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -group O -received O -4 O -. O -0 O -mg O -four O -times O -daily O -. O - -aps B-category -Daily O -subject O -symptom O -cards O -were O -completed O -during O -a O -screening O -period O -to O -assess O -pretreatment O -symptoms O -and O -during O -a O -4 O -- O -week O -treatment O -period O -while O -subjects O -received O -study O -medications O -. O - -aps B-category -Individual O -symptoms O -, O -total O -symptoms O -, O -and O -major O -symptoms O -were O -compared O -to O -determine O -efficacy O -of O -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -Elicited O -, O -volunteered O -, O -and O -observed O -adverse O -experiences O -were O -recorded O -for O -each O -subject O -and O -compared O -among O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Vital O -signs O -, O -body O -weights O -, O -serum O -chemistry O -values O -, O -complete O -blood O -cell O -counts O -, O -urine O -studies O -, O -and O -electrocardiograms O -were O -obtained O -for O -each O -subject O -and O -compared O -among O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Symptoms O -relief O -in O -the O -group O -receiving O -the O -highest O -concentration O -of O -azelastine B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -0 O -mg O -twice O -daily O -) O -was O -statistically O -greater O -than O -in O -the O -placebo O -group O -during O -all O -weeks O -of O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Lower O -doses O -of O -azelastine B-Chemical -were O -statistically O -more O -effective O -than O -placebo O -only O -during O -portions O -of O -the O -first O -3 O -weeks O -of O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -although O -the O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -group O -did O -have O -fewer O -symptoms O -than O -the O -placebo O -group O -during O -the O -study O -, O -the O -difference O -never O -reached O -statistical O -significance O -during O -any O -week O -of O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -serious O -side O -effects O -in O -any O -of O -the O -treatment O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Drowsiness O -and O -altered O -taste O -perception O -were O -increased O -significantly O -over O -placebo O -only O -in O -the O -high O -- O -dose O -azelastine B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Azelastine B-Chemical -appears O -to O -be O -a O -safe O -, O -efficacious O -medication O -for O -seasonal O -allergic O -rhinitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxicity O -due O -to O -remission O -inducing O -drugs O -in O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -. O - -aps B-category -Association O -with O -HLA O -- O -B35 O -and O -Cw4 O -antigens O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -five O -patients O -with O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -( O -RA O -) O -who O -developed O -toxicity O -while O -taking O -remission O -inducing O -drugs O -and O -30 O -without O -toxicity O -were O -studied O -for O -possible O -associations O -with O -class O -I O -and O -II O -HLA O -antigens O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -strong O -association O -has O -been O -found O -between O -nephritis O -and O -dermatitis O -due O -to O -Tiopronin B-Chemical -( O -a O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Penicillamine I-Chemical -like O -compound O -) O -and O -class O -I O -antigens O -B35 O -- O -Cw4 O -, O -and O -between O -dermatitis O -due O -to O -gold B-Chemical -thiosulphate B-Chemical -and O -B35 O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -to O -healthy O -controls O -a O -lower O -DR5 O -frequency O -was O -observed O -in O -patients O -with O -RA O -except O -for O -the O -Tiopronin B-Chemical -related O -nephritis O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Transient O -contralateral O -rotation O -following O -unilateral O -substantia O -nigra O -lesion O -reflects O -susceptibility O -of O -the O -nigrostriatal O -system O -to O -exhaustion O -by O -amphetamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -unilateral O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -induced O -SN O -lesion O -, O -a O -transient O -period O -of O -contralateral O -rotation O -has O -been O -reported O -to O -precede O -the O -predominant O -ipsilateral O -circling O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -clarify O -the O -nature O -of O -this O -initial O -contralateral O -rotation O -we O -examined O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -duration O -of O -recovery O -period O -after O -the O -lesion O -, O -on O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -rotational O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -days O -post O -lesion O -, O -most O -rats O -circled O -predominantly O -contralaterally O -to O -the O -lesion O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -contralateral O -rotation O -may O -result O -from O -either O -degeneration O -- O -induced O -breakdown O -of O -the O -DA O -pool O -, O -or O -lesion O -- O -induced O -increase O -of O -DA O -turnover O -in O -the O -spared O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -substantial O -degree O -of O -contralateral O -preference O -was O -still O -evident O -when O -amphetamine B-Chemical -was O -administered O -for O -the O -first O -time O -24 O -days O -after O -lesioning O -, O -indicating O -involvement O -of O -spared O -cells O -in O -the O -contralateral O -rotation O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -regardless O -of O -the O -duration O -of O -recovery O -( O -and O -irrespective O -of O -either O -lesion O -volume O -, O -amphetamine B-Chemical -dose O -, O -or O -post O -- O -lesion O -motor O -exercise O -) O -, O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -rotation O -tended O -to O -become O -gradually O -more O -ipsilateral O -as O -the O -observation O -session O -progressed O -, O -and O -all O -rats O -circled O -ipsilaterally O -to O -the O -lesion O -in O -response O -to O -further O -amphetamine B-Chemical -injections O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -amphetamine B-Chemical -has O -an O -irreversible O -effect O -on O -the O -post O -- O -lesion O -DA O -pool O -contributing O -to O -contralateral O -rotation O -. O - -aps B-category -Mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -associated O -hemolytic O -uremic O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -associated O -Hemolytic O -Uremic O -Syndrome O -( O -HUS O -) O -is O -a O -potentially O -fatal O -but O -uncommon O -condition O -that O -is O -not O -yet O -widely O -recognised O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -consists O -of O -microangiopathic O -hemolytic O -anemia O -, O -thrombocytopenia O -and O -progressive O -renal O -failure O -associated O -with O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -treatment O -and O -affects O -about O -10 O -% O -of O -patients O -treated O -with O -this O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -renal O -failure O -usually O -develops O -about O -8 O -- O -10 O -mth O -after O -start O -of O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -treatment O -and O -the O -mortality O -is O -approximately O -60 O -% O -from O -renal O -failure O -or O -pulmonary O -edema O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -lesions O -are O -similar O -to O -those O -seen O -in O -idiopathic O -HUS O -and O -include O -arteriolar O -fibrin O -thrombi O -, O -expanded O -subendothelial O -zones O -in O -glomerular O -capillary O -walls O -, O -ischemic O -wrinkling O -of O -glomerular O -basement O -membranes O -and O -mesangiolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -action O -is O -postulated O -as O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -- O -induced O -endothelial O -cell O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -the O -clinical O -course O -and O -pathological O -findings O -in O -a O -65 O -yr O -- O -old O -man O -with O -gastric O -adenocarcinoma O -who O -developed O -renal O -failure O -and O -thrombocytopenia O -while O -on O -treatment O -with O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -and O -died O -in O -pulmonary O -edema O -. O - -aps B-category -Ketanserin B-Chemical -pretreatment O -reverses O -alfentanil B-Chemical -- O -induced O -muscle O -rigidity O -. O - -aps B-category -Systemic O -pretreatment O -with O -ketanserin B-Chemical -, O -a O -relatively O -specific O -type O -- O -2 O -serotonin B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -significantly O -attenuated O -the O -muscle O -rigidity O -produced O -in O -rats O -by O -the O -potent O -short O -- O -acting O -opiate O -agonist O -alfentanil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -placement O -of O -subcutaneous O -electrodes O -in O -each O -animal O -' O -s O -left O -gastrocnemius O -muscle O -, O -rigidity O -was O -assessed O -by O -analyzing O -root O -- O -mean O -- O -square O -electromyographic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraperitoneal O -ketanserin B-Chemical -administration O -at O -doses O -of O -0 O -. O -63 O -and O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -prevented O -the O -alfentanil B-Chemical -- O -induced O -increase O -in O -electromyographic O -activity O -compared O -with O -animals O -pretreated O -with O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -Chlordiazepoxide B-Chemical -at O -doses O -up O -to O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -failed O -to O -significantly O -influence O -the O -rigidity O -produced O -by O -alfentanil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -the O -absence O -of O -rigidity O -, O -animals O -that O -received O -ketanserin B-Chemical -( O -greater O -than O -0 O -. O -31 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -followed O -by O -alfentanil B-Chemical -were O -motionless O -, O -flaccid O -, O -and O -less O -responsive O -to O -external O -stimuli O -than O -were O -animals O -receiving O -alfentanil B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -that O -received O -ketanserin B-Chemical -and O -alfentanil B-Chemical -exhibited O -less O -rearing O -and O -exploratory O -behavior O -at O -the O -end O -of O -the O -60 O -- O -min O -recording O -period O -than O -did O -animals O -that O -received O -ketanserin B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -, O -in O -combination O -with O -previous O -work O -, O -suggest O -that O -muscle O -rigidity O -, O -a O -clinically O -relevant O -side O -- O -effect O -of O -parenteral O -narcotic O -administration O -, O -may O -be O -partly O -mediated O -via O -serotonergic O -pathways O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -type O -- O -2 O -serotonin B-Chemical -antagonists O -may O -be O -clinically O -useful O -in O -attenuating O -opiate O -- O -induced O -rigidity O -, O -although O -further O -studies O -will O -be O -necessary O -to O -assess O -the O -interaction O -of O -possibly O -enhanced O -CNS O -, O -cardiovascular O -, O -and O -respiratory O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -Antagonism O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -- O -induced O -sedative O -effects O -by O -Ro15 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1788 I-Chemical -in O -patients O -after O -surgery O -under O -lumbar O -epidural O -block O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -- O -blind O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -investigation O -of O -efficacy O -and O -safety O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -assess O -the O -efficacy O -of O -Ro15 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1788 I-Chemical -and O -a O -placebo O -in O -reversing O -diazepam B-Chemical -- O -induced O -effects O -after O -surgery O -under O -epidural O -block O -, O -and O -to O -evaluate O -the O -local O -tolerance O -and O -general O -safety O -of O -Ro15 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1788 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Fifty O -- O -seven O -patients O -were O -sedated O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -for O -surgery O -under O -epidural O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Antagonism O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -- O -induced O -effects O -by O -Ro15 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1788 I-Chemical -was O -investigated O -postoperatively O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -' O -s O -subjective O -assessment O -of O -mood O -rating O -, O -an O -objective O -test O -of O -performance O -, O -a O -test O -for O -amnesia O -, O -and O -vital O -signs O -were O -recorded O -for O -up O -to O -300 O -min O -after O -administration O -of O -the O -trial O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -differences O -between O -the O -two O -groups O -were O -observed O -for O -mood O -rating O -, O -amnesia O -, O -or O -vital O -signs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Ro15 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1788 I-Chemical -group O -showed O -a O -significant O -improvement O -in O -the O -performance O -test O -up O -to O -120 O -min O -after O -administration O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -evidence O -of O -reaction O -at O -the O -injection O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Chorea O -associated O -with O -oral B-Chemical -contraception I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -patients O -developed O -chorea O -while O -receiving O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -were O -young O -patients O -whose O -chorea O -developed O -long O -after O -treatment O -had O -been O -started O -and O -disappeared O -soon O -after O -it O -had O -been O -discontinued O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -third O -patient O -had O -acute O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -chorea O -after O -prolonged O -oral B-Chemical -contraception I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Prolonged O -administration O -of O -female O -sex O -hormones O -is O -a O -possible O -cause O -of O -chorea O -in O -women O -who O -have O -not O -previously O -had O -chorea O -or O -rheumatic O -fever O -. O - -aps B-category -Co O -- O -carcinogenic O -effect O -of O -retinyl B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -on O -forestomach O -carcinogenesis O -of O -male O -F344 O -rats O -induced O -with O -butylated B-Chemical -hydroxyanisole I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potential O -modifying O -effect O -of O -retinyl B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -( O -RA B-Chemical -) O -on O -butylated B-Chemical -hydroxyanisole I-Chemical -( O -BHA B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -rat O -forestomach O -tumorigenesis O -was O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -F344 O -rats O -, O -5 O -weeks O -of O -age O -, O -were O -maintained O -on O -diet O -containing O -1 O -% O -or O -2 O -% O -BHA B-Chemical -by O -weight O -and O -simultaneously O -on O -drinking O -water O -supplemented O -with O -RA B-Chemical -at O -various O -concentrations O -( O -w O -/ O -v O -) O -for O -52 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -groups O -given O -2 O -% O -BHA B-Chemical -, O -although O -marked O -hyperplastic O -changes O -of O -the O -forestomach O -epithelium O -were O -observed O -in O -all O -animals O -, O -co O -- O -administration O -of O -0 O -. O -25 O -% O -RA B-Chemical -significantly O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -increased O -the O -incidence O -of O -forestomach O -tumors O -( O -squamous O -cell O -papilloma O -and O -carcinoma O -) O -to O -60 O -% O -( O -9 O -/ O -15 O -, O -2 O -rats O -with O -carcinoma O -) O -from O -15 O -% O -( O -3 O -/ O -20 O -, O -one O -rat O -with O -carcinoma O -) O -in O -the O -group O -given O -RA B-Chemical -- O -free O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rats O -given O -1 O -% O -BHA B-Chemical -, O -RA B-Chemical -co O -- O -administered O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -05 O -, O -0 O -. O -1 O -, O -0 O -. O -2 O -or O -0 O -. O -25 O -% O -showed O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -enhancing O -effect O -on O -the O -development O -of O -the O -BHA B-Chemical -- O -induced O -epithelial O -hyperplasia O -. O - -aps B-category -Tumors O -, O -all O -papillomas O -, O -were O -induced O -in O -3 O -rats O -( O -17 O -% O -) O -with O -0 O -. O -25 O -% O -RA B-Chemical -and O -in O -one O -rat O -( O -10 O -% O -) O -with O -0 O -. O -05 O -% O -RA B-Chemical -co O -- O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -RA B-Chemical -alone O -did O -not O -induce O -hyperplastic O -changes O -in O -the O -forestomach O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -indicate O -that O -RA B-Chemical -acted O -as O -a O -co O -- O -carcinogen O -in O -the O -BHA B-Chemical -forestomach O -carcinogenesis O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -prospective O -study O -on O -the O -dose O -dependency O -of O -cardiotoxicity O -induced O -by O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -1975 O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -( O -MMC B-Chemical -) O -has O -been O -suggested O -to O -be O -cardiotoxic O -, O -especially O -when O -combined O -with O -or O -given O -following O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -on O -dose O -dependency O -or O -incidence O -concerning O -this O -side O -effect O -were O -not O -known O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -initiated O -a O -prospective O -study O -to O -obtain O -some O -more O -data O -on O -these O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -- O -four O -MMC B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -were O -studied O -, O -37 O -of O -them O -could O -be O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -were O -studied O -by O -repeated O -physical O -examinations O -, O -chest O -X O -- O -rays O -, O -electro O -- O -and O -echocardiography O -and O -radionuclide O -left O -ventricular O -ejection O -fraction O -( O -EF O -) O -determinations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -were O -evaluated O -per O -cumulative O -dose O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -the O -patients O -developed O -cardiac O -failure O -after O -30 O -mg O -m O -- O -2 O -MMC B-Chemical -and O -only O -150 O -mg O -m O -- O -2 O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cardiac O -failure O -was O -predicted O -by O -a O -drop O -in O -EF O -determined O -during O -a O -cold O -pressor O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -other O -patients O -developed O -clinical O -cardiotoxicity O -, O -nor O -did O -the O -studied O -parameters O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -literature O -on O -this O -subject O -was O -also O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -the O -combined O -data O -from O -the O -present O -study O -and O -the O -literature O -, O -we O -suggest O -that O -MMC B-Chemical -- O -related O -cardiotoxicity O -is O -dose O -dependent O -, O -occurring O -at O -cumulative O -dose O -levels O -of O -30 O -mg O -m O -- O -2 O -or O -more O -, O -mainly O -in O -patients O -also O -( O -previously O -or O -simultaneously O -) O -treated O -with O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -is O -likely O -to O -be O -less O -than O -10 O -% O -even O -for O -this O -risk O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversible O -cerebral O -lesions O -associated O -with O -tiazofurin B-Chemical -usage O -: O -MR O -demonstration O -. O - -aps B-category -Tiazofurin B-Chemical -is O -an O -experimental O -chemotherapeutic O -agent O -currently O -undergoing O -clinical O -evaluation O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -our O -results O -with O -magnetic O -resonance O -( O -MR O -) O -in O -demonstrating O -reversible O -cerebral O -abnormalities O -concurrent O -with O -the O -use O -of O -this O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -abnormalities O -on O -MR O -were O -correlated O -with O -findings O -on O -CT O -as O -well O -as O -with O -cerebral O -angiography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -utility O -of O -MR O -in O -the O -evaluation O -of O -patients O -receiving O -this O -new O -agent O -is O -illustrated O -. O - -aps B-category -Receptor O -mechanisms O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -locomotor O -hyperactivity O -in O -chronic O -nicotine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -were O -pretreated O -with O -saline O -or O -nicotine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -day O -) O -by O -subcutaneously O -implanting O -each O -animal O -with O -an O -Alzet O -osmotic O -mini O -- O -pump O -which O -continuously O -released O -saline O -or O -nicotine B-Chemical -for O -1 O -, O -5 O -and O -14 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -end O -of O -each O -pretreatment O -period O -, O -animals O -were O -used O -for O -( O -i O -) O -determining O -their O -locomotor O -response O -to O -acutely O -injected O -nicotine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -and O -( O -ii O -) O -measuring O -the O -density O -of O -L O -- O -[ O -3H O -] O -nicotine B-Chemical -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -spiperone B-Chemical -binding O -sites O -in O -the O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -observed O -no O -changes O -in O -nicotine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -locomotor O -response O -, O -striatal O -L O -- O -[ O -3H O -] O -nicotine B-Chemical -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -spiperone B-Chemical -binding O -in O -the O -animals O -pretreated O -with O -nicotine B-Chemical -for O -1 O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rats O -which O -were O -pretreated O -with O -nicotine B-Chemical -for O -5 O -days O -, O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -nicotine B-Chemical -- O -stimulated O -locomotor O -response O -which O -was O -associated O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -number O -of O -L O -- O -[ O -3H O -] O -nicotine B-Chemical -binding O -sites O -and O -also O -with O -an O -elevated O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA B-Chemical -) O -level O -in O -the O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -striatal O -[ O -3H O -] O -spiperone B-Chemical -binding O -sites O -was O -not O -affected O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -animals O -pretreated O -with O -nicotine B-Chemical -for O -14 O -days O -, O -the O -nicotine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -locomotor O -response O -remained O -to O -be O -potentiated O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -this O -response O -was O -correlated O -with O -an O -elevated O -number O -of O -striatal O -[ O -3H O -] O -spiperone B-Chemical -binding O -sites O -, O -whereas O -the O -number O -of O -striatal O -L O -- O -[ O -3H O -] O -nicotine B-Chemical -binding O -sites O -and O -the O -striatal O -DA B-Chemical -level O -were O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -chronic O -nicotine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -develop O -locomotor O -hyperactivity O -in O -response O -to O -nicotine B-Chemical -initially O -due O -to O -increases O -of O -both O -the O -density O -of O -nicotinic O -receptors O -and O -DA B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -followed O -by O -inducing O -DA B-Chemical -receptor O -supersensitivity O -in O -the O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -Amelioration O -of O -bendrofluazide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypokalemia O -by O -timolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -beta O -adrenergic O -blocking O -drug O -, O -timolol B-Chemical -, O -tended O -to O -correct O -the O -hypokalemia O -of O -short O -- O -term O -bendrofluazide B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -6 O -healthy O -male O -subjects O -and O -although O -the O -effect O -was O -small O -it O -was O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -Timolol B-Chemical -also O -reduced O -the O -rise O -in O -plasma O -aldosterone B-Chemical -and O -urine O -potassium B-Chemical -excretion O -following O -bendrofluazide B-Chemical -and O -increased O -the O -urine O -sodium B-Chemical -/ O -potassium B-Chemical -ratio O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -evidence O -of O -a O -shift O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -from O -the O -intracellular O -to O -the O -extracellular O -space O -. O - -aps B-category -St O -. O - -aps B-category -Anthony O -' O -s O -fire O -, O -then O -and O -now O -: O -a O -case O -report O -and O -historical O -review O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rare O -case O -of O -morbid O -vasospasm O -, O -together O -with O -striking O -angiographic O -findings O -, O -is O -described O -secondary O -to O -the O -ingestion O -of O -methysergide B-Chemical -by O -a O -48 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -brief O -review O -of O -the O -literature O -on O -similar O -cases O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -discussion O -of O -the O -history O -of O -ergot B-Chemical -includes O -its O -original O -discovery O -, O -the O -epidemics O -of O -gangrene O -that O -it O -has O -caused O -through O -the O -ages O -and O -its O -past O -and O -present O -role O -in O -the O -management O -of O -migraine O -headache O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -the O -advent O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blockers O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonists O -, O -ergot B-Chemical -preparations O -continue O -to O -play O -a O -major O -role O -in O -migraine O -therapy O -, O -so O -that O -the O -danger O -of O -St O -. O - -aps B-category -Anthony O -' O -s O -fire O -persists O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -transplantation O -: O -improved O -quality O -of O -survival O -with O -a O -modified O -immunosuppressive O -protocol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -on O -renal O -function O -on O -two O -different O -immunosuppressive O -protocols O -were O -evaluated O -retrospectively O -in O -two O -subsequent O -groups O -of O -heart O -transplant O -recipients O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -group O -I O -, O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -was O -given O -before O -the O -procedure O -at O -a O -loading O -dose O -of O -17 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -and O -then O -continued O -after O -the O -procedure O -to O -keep O -a O -whole O -blood O -level O -about O -1000 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -group O -II O -, O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -was O -started O -only O -after O -the O -procedure O -at O -a O -lower O -dosage O -and O -was O -complemented O -by O -azathioprine B-Chemical -, O -which O -was O -used O -for O -the O -first O -postoperative O -week O -. O - -aps B-category -Group O -II O -showed O -a O -better O -perioperative O -renal O -function O -as O -determined O -by O -serum O -blood O -urea B-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -and O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Group O -II O -also O -showed O -a O -significant O -decrease O -of O -chronic O -nephrotoxicity O -secondary O -to O -long O -- O -term O -therapy O -with O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -this O -improvement O -in O -late O -renal O -function O -, O -group O -II O -still O -shows O -a O -slow O -rise O -in O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -think O -that O -even O -these O -lower O -dosages O -of O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -can O -cause O -chronic O -nephrotoxicity O -and O -that O -further O -modification O -of O -the O -immunosuppressive O -regimen O -is O -required O -to O -completely O -abolish O -this O -toxic O -side O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethopropazine B-Chemical -and O -benztropine B-Chemical -in O -neuroleptic O -- O -induced O -parkinsonism O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -12 O -- O -week O -controlled O -study O -ethopropazine B-Chemical -was O -compared O -to O -benztropine B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -parkinsonism O -induced O -by O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -enanthate I-Chemical -in O -60 O -schizophrenic O -outpatients O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethopropazine B-Chemical -and O -benztropine B-Chemical -were O -found O -to O -be O -equally O -effective O -in O -controlling O -parkinsonian O -symptoms O -and O -were O -as O -efficacious O -as O -procyclidine B-Chemical -, O -their O -previous O -antiparkinsonian O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -benztropine B-Chemical -treated O -patients O -had O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -compared O -to O -their O -condition O -during O -procyclindine B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -and O -significantly O -more O -anxiety O -and O -depression O -than O -ethopropazine B-Chemical -treated O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -that O -benztropine B-Chemical -is O -not O -the O -anticholinergic O -drug O -of O -choice O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -neuroleptic O -- O -induced O -parkinsonian O -symptoms O -, O -because O -of O -its O -more O -toxic O -central O -and O -peripheral O -atropinic O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Quinidine B-Chemical -phenylethylbarbiturate I-Chemical -- O -induced O -fulminant O -hepatitis O -in O -a O -pregnant O -woman O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -case O -of O -a O -19 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -Laotian O -patient O -affected O -by O -fulminant O -hepatitis O -during O -the O -third O -trimester O -of O -her O -pregnancy O -after O -a O -1 O -- O -month O -administration O -of O -quinidine B-Chemical -phenylethylbarbiturate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -delivery O -, O -the O -patient O -underwent O -orthotopic O -liver O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -was O -in O -good O -condition O -16 O -months O -after O -liver O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -Quinidine B-Chemical -itself O -or O -phenylethylbarbiturate B-Chemical -may O -be O -responsible O -for O -fulminant O -hepatitis O -in O -this O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanisms O -of O -myocardial O -ischemia O -induced O -by O -epinephrine B-Chemical -: O -comparison O -with O -exercise O -- O -induced O -ischemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -in O -eliciting O -myocardial O -ischemia O -was O -examined O -in O -patients O -with O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Objective O -signs O -of O -ischemia O -and O -factors O -increasing O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -were O -compared O -during O -epinephrine B-Chemical -infusion O -and O -supine O -bicycle O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -exercise O -produced O -myocardial O -ischemia O -as O -evidenced O -by O -ST O -segment O -depression O -and O -angina O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -mechanisms O -of O -myocardial O -ischemia O -induced O -by O -epinephrine B-Chemical -were O -significantly O -different O -from O -those O -of O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -Exercise O -- O -induced O -myocardial O -ischemia O -was O -marked O -predominantly O -by O -increased O -heart O -rate O -and O -rate O -- O -pressure O -product O -with O -a O -minor O -contribution O -of O -end O -- O -diastolic O -volume O -, O -while O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ischemia O -was O -characterized O -by O -a O -marked O -increase O -in O -contractility O -and O -a O -less O -pronounced O -increase O -in O -heart O -rate O -and O -rate O -- O -pressure O -product O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -indicate O -that O -ischemia O -produced O -by O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -as O -may O -occur O -during O -states O -of O -emotional O -distress O -, O -has O -a O -mechanism O -distinct O -from O -that O -due O -to O -physical O -exertion O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -preclinical O -and O -clinical O -studies O -with O -the O -thymidylate O -synthase O -inhibitor O -N10 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propargyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dideazafolic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -CB B-Chemical -3717 I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CB B-Chemical -3717 I-Chemical -, O -N10 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propargyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dideazafolic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -is O -a O -tight O -- O -binding O -inhibitor O -of O -thymidylate O -synthase O -( O -TS O -) O -whose O -cytotoxicity O -is O -mediated O -solely O -through O -the O -inhibition O -of O -this O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -preclinical O -studies O -have O -focused O -on O -the O -intracellular O -formation O -of O -CB B-Chemical -3717 I-Chemical -polyglutamates O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -a O -12 O -- O -hour O -exposure O -of O -L1210 O -cells O -to O -50 O -microM O -[ O -3H O -] O -CB B-Chemical -3717 I-Chemical -, O -30 O -% O -of O -the O -extractable O -radioactivity O -could O -be O -accounted O -for O -as O -CB B-Chemical -3717 I-Chemical -tetra O -- O -and O -pentaglutamate O -, O -as O -determined O -by O -high O -- O -pressure O -liquid O -chromatography O -( O -HPLC O -) O -analyses O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -inhibitors O -of O -isolated O -L1210 O -TS O -, O -CB O -3717 O -di O -- O -, O -tri O -- O -, O -tetra O -- O -and O -pentaglutamate O -are O -26 O -- O -, O -87 O -- O -, O -119 O -- O -and O -114 O -- O -fold O -more O -potent O -than O -CB B-Chemical -3717 I-Chemical -, O -respectively O -, O -and O -their O -formation O -may O -, O -therefore O -, O -be O -an O -important O -determinant O -of O -CB B-Chemical -3717 I-Chemical -cytotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -early O -clinical O -studies O -with O -CB B-Chemical -3717 I-Chemical -, O -activity O -has O -been O -seen O -in O -breast O -cancer O -, O -ovarian O -cancer O -, O -hepatoma O -, O -and O -mesothelioma O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxicities O -included O -hepatotoxicity O -, O -malaise O -, O -and O -dose O -- O -limiting O -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -latter O -effect O -is O -thought O -to O -be O -due O -to O -drug O -precipitation O -within O -the O -renal O -tubule O -as O -a O -result O -of O -the O -poor O -solubility O -of O -CB B-Chemical -3717 I-Chemical -under O -acidic O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -an O -attempt O -to O -overcome O -this O -problem O -, O -a O -clinical O -trial O -of O -CB B-Chemical -3717 I-Chemical -administered O -with O -alkaline O -diuresis O -is O -under O -way O -. O - -aps B-category -Preliminary O -results O -at O -400 O -and O -500 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -suggest O -that O -a O -reduction O -in O -nephrotoxicity O -may O -have O -been O -achieved O -with O -only O -1 O -instance O -of O -renal O -toxicity O -in O -10 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatotoxicity O -and O -malaise O -are O -again O -the O -most O -frequent O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -of O -antitumor O -activity O -has O -been O -seen O -in O -3 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacokinetic O -investigations O -have O -shown O -that O -alkaline O -diuresis O -does O -not O -alter O -CB B-Chemical -3717 I-Chemical -plasma O -levels O -or O -urinary O -excretion O -and O -that O -satisfactory O -urinary O -alkalinization O -can O -be O -readily O -achieved O -. O - -aps B-category -Type O -B O -hepatitis O -after O -needle O -- O -stick O -exposure O -: O -prevention O -with O -hepatitis O -B O -immune O -globulin O -. O - -aps B-category -Final O -report O -of O -the O -Veterans O -Administration O -Cooperative O -Study O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatitis O -B O -immune O -globulin O -( O -HBIG O -) O -and O -immune O -serum O -globulin O -( O -ISG O -) O -were O -examined O -in O -a O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -to O -assess O -their O -relative O -efficacies O -in O -preventing O -type O -B O -hepatitis O -after O -needle O -- O -stick O -exposure O -to O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBsAG B-Chemical -) O -- O -positive O -donors O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -hepatitis O -developed O -in O -1 O -. O -4 O -% O -of O -HBIG O -and O -in O -5 O -. O -9 O -% O -of O -ISG O -recipients O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -016 O -) O -, O -and O -seroconversion O -( O -anti O -- O -HBs O -) O -occurred O -in O -5 O -. O -6 O -% O -and O -20 O -. O -7 O -% O -of O -them O -respectively O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Mild O -and O -transient O -side O -- O -effects O -were O -noted O -in O -3 O -. O -0 O -% O -of O -ISG O -and O -in O -3 O -. O -2 O -% O -of O -HBIG O -recipients O -. O - -aps B-category -Available O -donor O -sera O -were O -examined O -for O -DNA O -polymerase O -( O -DNAP O -) O -and O -e O -antigen O -and O -antibody O -( O -HBeAg B-Chemical -; O -anti O -- O -HBE O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -DNAP O -and O -HBeAg B-Chemical -showed O -a O -highly O -statistically O -significant O -correlation O -with O -the O -infectivity O -of O -HBsAg B-Chemical -- O -positive O -donors O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatitis O -B O -immune O -globulin O -remained O -significantly O -superior O -to O -ISG O -in O -preventing O -type O -B O -hepatitis O -even O -when O -the O -analysis O -was O -confined O -to O -these O -two O -high O -- O -risk O -subgroups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -efficacy O -of O -ISG O -in O -preventing O -type O -B O -hepatitis O -cannot O -be O -ascertained O -because O -a O -true O -placebo O -group O -was O -not O -included O -. O - -aps B-category -Production O -of O -autochthonous O -prostate O -cancer O -in O -Lobund O -- O -Wistar O -rats O -by O -treatments O -with O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitroso I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylurea I-Chemical -and O -testosterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -More O -than O -50 O -% O -of O -Lobund O -- O -Wistar O -( O -L O -- O -W O -) O -strain O -rats O -developed O -large O -, O -palpable O -prostate O -adenocarcinomas O -( O -PAs O -) O -following O -treatments O -with O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitroso I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylurea I-Chemical -( O -CAS O -: O -684 O -- O -93 O -- O -5 O -) O -and O -testosterone B-Chemical -propionate I-Chemical -[ O -( O -TP B-Chemical -) O -CAS O -: O -57 O -- O -85 O -- O -2 O -] O -, O -and O -most O -of O -the O -tumor O -- O -bearing O -rats O -manifested O -metastatic O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incubation O -periods O -averaged O -10 O -. O -6 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -the O -same O -timeframe O -, O -no O -L O -- O -W O -rat O -developed O -a O -similar O -palpable O -PA O -when O -treated O -only O -with O -TP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -L O -- O -W O -rats O -, O -TP B-Chemical -acted O -as O -a O -tumor O -enhancement O -agent O -, O -with O -primary O -emphasis O -on O -the O -development O -of O -prostate O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Relative O -efficacy O -and O -toxicity O -of O -netilmicin B-Chemical -and O -tobramycin B-Chemical -in O -oncology O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -prospectively O -compared O -the O -efficacy O -and O -safety O -of O -netilmicin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -or O -tobramycin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -in O -conjunction O -with O -piperacillin B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -in O -118 O -immunocompromised O -patients O -with O -presumed O -severe O -infections O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -treatment O -regimens O -were O -equally O -efficacious O -. O - -aps B-category -Nephrotoxicity O -occurred O -in O -a O -similar O -proportion O -in O -patients O -treated O -with O -netilmicin B-Chemical -and O -tobramycin B-Chemical -( O -17 O -% O -vs O -11 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Ototoxicity O -occurred O -in O -four O -( O -9 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -of O -42 O -netilmicin B-Chemical -and O -piperacillin B-Chemical -and O -in O -12 O -( O -22 O -% O -) O -of O -54 O -tobramycin B-Chemical -and O -piperacillin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -those O -evaluated O -with O -posttherapy O -audiograms O -, O -three O -of O -four O -netilmicin B-Chemical -and O -piperacillin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -had O -auditory O -thresholds O -return O -to O -baseline O -compared O -with O -one O -of O -nine O -tobramycin B-Chemical -and O -piperacillin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -15 O -- O -dB O -increases O -in O -auditory O -threshold O -as O -a O -proportion O -of O -total O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -15 O -- O -dB O -changes O -( O -increases O -and O -decreases O -) O -was O -significantly O -lower O -in O -netilmicin B-Chemical -and O -piperacillin B-Chemical -- O -vs O -tobramycin B-Chemical -and O -piperacillin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -( O -18 O -of O -78 O -vs O -67 O -of O -115 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -- O -associated O -ototoxicity O -was O -less O -severe O -and O -more O -often O -reversible O -with O -netilmicin B-Chemical -than O -with O -tobramycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -enzymes O -and O -protein O -patterns O -as O -indicators O -of O -injury O -to O -different O -regions O -of O -the O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -experimental O -models O -of O -renal O -damage O -to O -the O -proximal O -tubular O -, O -glomerular O -, O -and O -papillary O -regions O -of O -the O -rat O -were O -produced O -by O -administration O -of O -hexachloro B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -: I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -butadiene I-Chemical -( O -HCBD B-Chemical -) O -, O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -( O -PAN B-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bromoethylamine I-Chemical -( O -BEA B-Chemical -) O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -routine O -indicators O -of O -nephrotoxicity O -, O -the O -enzymes O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -and O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -beta O -- O -glucosaminidase O -, O -and O -the O -molecular O -weight O -of O -protein O -excretion O -were O -determined O -on O -urine O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -Tubular O -damage O -produced O -by O -HCBD B-Chemical -or O -BEA B-Chemical -was O -discriminated O -both O -quantitatively O -and O -qualitatively O -from O -glomerular O -damage O -produced O -by O -PAN B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -latter O -was O -characterized O -by O -a O -pronounced O -increase O -in O -protein O -excretion O -, O -especially O -proteins O -with O -molecular O -weight O -greater O -than O -40 O -, O -000 O -Da O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -protein O -excretion O -in O -tubular O -damage O -was O -raised O -only O -slightly O -and O -characterized O -by O -excretion O -of O -proteins O -of O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -molecular O -weights O -. O - -aps B-category -Proximal O -tubular O -damage O -caused O -by O -HCBD B-Chemical -and O -papillary O -damage O -caused O -by O -BEA B-Chemical -were O -distinguished O -both O -by O -conventional O -urinalysis O -( O -volume O -and O -specific O -gravity O -) O -and O -by O -measurement O -of O -the O -two O -urinary O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Alkaline O -phosphatase O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -were O -markedly O -and O -transiently O -elevated O -in O -proximal O -tubular O -damage O -and O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -beta O -- O -glucosaminidase O -showed O -a O -sustained O -elevation O -in O -papillary O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -both O -selective O -urinary O -enzymes O -and O -the O -molecular O -weight O -pattern O -of O -urinary O -proteins O -can O -be O -used O -to O -provide O -diagnostic O -information O -about O -the O -possible O -site O -of O -renal O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -catch O -in O -the O -Reye O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -six O -cases O -of O -Reye O -syndrome O -from O -The O -Children O -' O -s O -Hospital O -, O -Camperdown O -, O -Australia O -, O -occurring O -between O -1973 O -and O -1982 O -were O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -these O -, O -20 O -cases O -met O -the O -US O -Public O -Health O -Service O -Centers O -for O -Disease O -Control O -criteria O -for O -the O -diagnosis O -of O -Reye O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspirin B-Chemical -or O -salicylate B-Chemical -ingestion O -had O -occurred O -in O -only O -one O -of O -the O -20 O -cases O -( O -5 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -paracetamol B-Chemical -( O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -) O -had O -been O -administered O -in O -only O -six O -of O -the O -cases O -( O -30 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Pathologic O -confirmation O -of O -the O -diagnosis O -of O -Reye O -syndrome O -was O -accomplished O -in O -90 O -% O -of O -the O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -Reye O -syndrome O -in O -New O -South O -Wales O -, O -Australia O -, O -is O -estimated O -from O -this O -study O -to O -be O -approximately O -nine O -cases O -per O -1 O -million O -children O -compared O -with O -recent O -US O -data O -of O -ten O -to O -20 O -cases O -per O -1 O -million O -children O -and O -three O -to O -seven O -cases O -per O -1 O -million O -children O -in O -Great O -Britain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mortality O -for O -these O -Reye O -syndrome O -cases O -in O -Australia O -was O -45 O -% O -as O -compared O -with O -a O -32 O -% O -case O -- O -fatality O -rate O -in O -the O -United O -States O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Australia O -, O -the O -pediatric O -usage O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -has O -been O -extremely O -low O -for O -the O -past O -25 O -years O -( O -less O -than O -1 O -% O -of O -total O -dosage O -units O -sold O -) O -, O -with O -paracetamol B-Chemical -( O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -) O -dominating O -the O -pediatric O -analgesic O -and O -antipyretic O -market O -. O - -aps B-category -Reye O -syndrome O -may O -be O -disappearing O -from O -Australia O -despite O -a O -total O -lack O -of O -association O -with O -salicylates B-Chemical -or O -aspirin B-Chemical -ingestion O -, O -since O -there O -were O -no O -cases O -found O -at O -The O -Children O -' O -s O -Hospital O -in O -1983 O -, O -1984 O -, O -or O -1985 O -. O - -aps B-category -Postpartum O -psychosis O -induced O -by O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -multigravida O -patients O -with O -no O -prior O -psychiatric O -history O -were O -seen O -with O -postpartum O -psychosis O -, O -having O -received O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -for O -inhibition O -of O -lactation O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -given O -in O -high O -doses O -has O -been O -associated O -with O -psychosis O -in O -patients O -receiving O -the O -drug O -for O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -cases O -demonstrate O -that O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -may O -cause O -psychosis O -even O -when O -given O -in O -low O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyperglycemic O -acidotic O -coma O -and O -death O -in O -Kearns O -- O -Sayre O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -paper O -presents O -the O -clinical O -and O -metabolic O -findings O -in O -two O -young O -boys O -with O -long O -- O -standing O -Kearns O -- O -Sayre O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -short O -exposure O -to O -oral O -prednisone B-Chemical -, O -both O -boys O -developed O -lethargy O -, O -increasing O -somnolence O -, O -polydipsia O -, O -polyphagia O -, O -and O -polyuria O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -presented O -in O -the O -emergency O -room O -with O -profound O -coma O -, O -hypotension O -, O -severe O -hyperglycemia O -, O -and O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Nonketotic O -lactic O -acidosis O -was O -present O -in O -one O -and O -ketosis O -without O -a O -known O -serum O -lactate B-Chemical -level O -was O -present O -in O -the O -other O -. O - -aps B-category -Respiratory O -failure O -rapidly O -ensued O -and O -both O -patients O -expired O -in O -spite O -of O -efforts O -at O -resuscitation O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -believe O -these O -two O -cases O -represent O -a O -newly O -described O -and O -catastrophic O -metabolic O -- O -endocrine O -failure O -in O -the O -Kearns O -- O -Sayre O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -nephrotoxicity O -: O -risk O -of O -concomitant O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -( O -CSA B-Chemical -) O -alone O -or O -in O -combination O -with O -various O -chemotherapeutics O -in O -the O -development O -of O -renal O -toxicity O -was O -evaluated O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -CSA B-Chemical -for O -4 O -weeks O -caused O -renal O -functional O -and O -structural O -changes O -similar O -to O -those O -reported O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combined O -administration O -of O -CSA B-Chemical -and O -various O -chemotherapeutic O -drugs O -with O -a O -nephrotoxic O -potential O -, O -such O -as O -gentamicin B-Chemical -( O -at O -therapeutic O -doses O -) O -, O -amphothericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -and O -ketoconazole B-Chemical -, O -which O -are O -frequently O -used O -in O -immunosuppressed O -patients O -, O -did O -not O -aggravate O -the O -CSA B-Chemical -induced O -toxicity O -in O -the O -rat O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Gentamicin B-Chemical -at O -toxic O -doses O -, O -however O -, O -increased O -CSA B-Chemical -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -nephrotoxicity O -induced O -by O -CSA B-Chemical -has O -a O -different O -pathogenetic O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Diuretics O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -arrhythmias O -in O -hypertensive O -coronary O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -proposed O -that O -modest O -changes O -in O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -can O -alter O -the O -tendency O -towards O -cardiac O -arrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -this O -were O -so O -, O -patients O -with O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -might O -be O -especially O -susceptible O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -myocardial O -electrical O -excitability O -was O -measured O -in O -patients O -with O -mild O -essential O -hypertension O -and O -known O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -after O -8 O -weeks O -of O -treatment O -with O -a O -potassium B-Chemical -- O -conserving O -diuretic O -( O -amiloride B-Chemical -) O -and O -a O -similar O -period O -on O -a O -potassium B-Chemical -- O -losing O -diuretic O -( O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -) O -in O -a O -randomised O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -on O -average O -1 O -mmol O -/ O -L O -lower O -during O -the O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -phase O -compared O -to O -amiloride B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -pressure O -and O -volume O -states O -as O -assessed O -by O -bodyweight O -, O -plasma O -renin O -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -) O -concentrations O -were O -similar O -on O -the O -2 O -regimens O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -to O -amiloride B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -the O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -phase O -was O -associated O -with O -an O -increased O -frequency O -of O -ventricular O -ectopic O -beats O -( O -24 O -- O -hour O -Holter O -monitoring O -) O -and O -a O -higher O -Lown O -grading O -, O -increased O -upslope O -and O -duration O -of O -the O -monophasic O -action O -potential O -, O -prolonged O -ventricular O -effective O -refractory O -period O -, O -and O -increased O -electrical O -instability O -during O -programmed O -ventricular O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -above O -results O -indicate O -that O -because O -potassium B-Chemical -- O -losing O -diuretic O -therapy O -can O -increase O -myocardial O -electrical O -excitability O -in O -patients O -with O -ischaemic O -heart O -disease O -, O -even O -minor O -falls O -in O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -concentrations O -are O -probably O -best O -avoided O -in O -such O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Transketolase O -abnormality O -in O -tolazamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -Wernicke O -' O -s O -encephalopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -a O -thiamine B-Chemical -- O -dependent O -enzyme O -, O -transketolase O -, O -from O -fibroblasts O -of O -a O -diabetic O -patient O -who O -developed O -Wernicke O -' O -s O -encephalopathy O -when O -treated O -with O -tolazamide B-Chemical -, O -in O -order O -to O -delineate O -if O -this O -patient O -also O -had O -transketolase O -abnormality O -[ O -high O -Km O -for O -thiamine B-Chemical -pyrophosphate I-Chemical -( O -TPP B-Chemical -) O -] O -, O -as O -previously O -reported O -in O -postalcoholic O -Wernicke O -- O -Korsakoff O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -this O -patient O -, O -we O -also O -studied O -this O -enzyme O -from O -three O -diabetic O -kindreds O -without O -any O -history O -of O -Wernicke O -' O -s O -encephalopathy O -and O -from O -four O -normal O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -that O -the O -above O -- O -mentioned O -patient O -and O -one O -of O -the O -diabetic O -kindreds O -with O -no O -history O -of O -Wernicke O -' O -s O -encephalopathy O -had O -abnormal O -transketolase O -as O -determined O -by O -its O -Km O -for O -TPP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -a O -similarity O -between O -postalcoholic O -Wernicke O -- O -Korsakoff O -syndrome O -and O -the O -patient O -with O -tolazamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -Wernicke O -' O -s O -encephalopathy O -from O -the O -standpoint O -of O -transketolase O -abnormality O -. O - -aps B-category -Bradycardia O -due O -to O -trihexyphenidyl B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -chronic O -schizophrenic O -patient O -was O -treated O -with O -an O -anticholinergic O -drug O -, O -trihexyphenidyl B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -developed O -, O -paradoxically O -, O -sinus O -bradycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -was O -specific O -to O -trihexyphenidyl B-Chemical -and O -not O -to O -other O -anticholinergic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -antidyskinetic O -drug O -is O -widely O -used O -in O -clinical O -psychiatric O -practice O -and O -physicians O -should O -be O -aware O -of O -this O -side O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Post O -- O -operative O -rigidity O -after O -fentanyl B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -thoraco O -- O -abdominal O -rigidity O -leading O -to O -respiratory O -failure O -is O -described O -in O -the O -post O -- O -operative O -period O -in O -an O -elderly O -patient O -who O -received O -a O -moderate O -dose O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -successfully O -reversed O -by O -naloxone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanisms O -possibly O -implicated O -in O -this O -accident O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Anti O -- O -carcinogenic O -action O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -given O -simultaneously O -with O -diethylnitrosamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -work O -has O -been O -planned O -in O -order O -to O -elucidate O -the O -effect O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -( O -PB B-Chemical -: O -15 O -mg O -per O -rat O -of O -ingested O -dose O -) O -on O -carcinogenesis O -when O -it O -is O -administered O -simultaneously O -with O -diethylnitrosamine B-Chemical -( O -DEN B-Chemical -: O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Wistar O -rats O -( O -180 O -g O -) O -were O -treated O -by O -DEN B-Chemical -alone O -or O -by O -DEN B-Chemical -+ O -PB B-Chemical -during O -2 O -, O -4 O -and O -6 O -weeks O -according O -to O -our O -schedule O -for O -hepatocarcinogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -end O -of O -the O -treatment O -, O -the O -number O -and O -the O -size O -of O -induced O -PAS O -positive O -preneoplastic O -foci O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -when O -PB B-Chemical -was O -given O -simultaneously O -with O -DEN B-Chemical -for O -4 O -and O -6 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mitotic O -inhibition O -and O -the O -production O -of O -micronuclei O -normally O -observed O -after O -partial O -hepatectomy O -in O -DEN B-Chemical -treated O -rats O -were O -also O -significantly O -decreased O -in O -DEN B-Chemical -+ O -PB B-Chemical -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -treatment O -last O -only O -2 O -weeks O -, O -the O -presence O -of O -PB B-Chemical -did O -not O -change O -significantly O -the O -last O -parameters O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -DEN B-Chemical -+ O -PB B-Chemical -treated O -rats O -, O -the O -survival O -was O -prolonged O -and O -the O -tumor O -incidence O -decreased O -as O -compared O -with O -the O -results O -obtained O -by O -DEN B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -PB B-Chemical -, O -which O -promotes O -carcinogenesis O -when O -administered O -after O -the O -DEN B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -reduces O -the O -carcinogen O -effect O -when O -given O -simultaneously O -with O -DEN B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -' O -anti O -- O -carcinogen O -' O -effect O -acts O -on O -the O -initiation O -as O -well O -as O -on O -the O -promotion O -of O -the O -precancerous O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -investigations O -are O -in O -progress O -to O -obtain O -more O -information O -about O -this O -' O -paradoxical O -' O -PB B-Chemical -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Bilateral O -optic O -neuropathy O -due O -to O -combined O -ethambutol B-Chemical -and O -isoniazid B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -case O -of O -a O -40 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -patient O -who O -underwent O -an O -unsuccessful O -cadaver O -kidney O -transplantation O -and O -was O -treated O -with O -ethambutol B-Chemical -and O -isoniazid B-Chemical -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -bilateral O -retrobulbar O -neuropathy O -with O -an O -unusual O -central O -bitemporal O -hemianopic O -scotoma O -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethambutol B-Chemical -was O -stopped O -and O -only O -small O -improvement O -of O -the O -visual O -acuity O -followed O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoniazid B-Chemical -was O -discontinued O -later O -, O -followed O -by O -a O -dramatic O -improvement O -in O -the O -visual O -acuity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hazards O -of O -optic O -nerve O -toxicity O -due O -to O -ethambutol B-Chemical -are O -known O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -emphasize O -the O -potential O -danger O -in O -the O -use O -of O -ethambutol B-Chemical -and O -isoniazid B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -prospective O -study O -of O -adverse O -reactions O -associated O -with O -vancomycin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -prospective O -evaluation O -of O -the O -efficacy O -and O -safety O -of O -vancomycin B-Chemical -was O -conducted O -in O -54 O -consecutive O -patients O -over O -a O -16 O -- O -month O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Vancomycin B-Chemical -was O -curative O -in O -95 O -% O -of O -43 O -patients O -with O -proven O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -Drugs O -were O -ceased O -in O -six O -patients O -because O -of O -adverse O -reactions O -; O -in O -three O -of O -these O -vancomycin B-Chemical -was O -considered O -the O -likely O -cause O -. O - -aps B-category -Reactions O -included O -thrombophlebitis O -( O -20 O -of O -54 O -patients O -) O -, O -rash O -( O -4 O -of O -54 O -) O -, O -nephrotoxicity O -( O -4 O -of O -50 O -) O -, O -proteinuria O -( O -1 O -of O -50 O -) O -and O -ototoxicity O -( O -1 O -of O -11 O -patients O -tested O -by O -audiometry O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thrombophlebitis O -occurred O -only O -with O -infusion O -through O -peripheral O -cannulae O -; O -nephrotoxicity O -and O -ototoxicity O -were O -confined O -to O -patients O -receiving O -an O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -plus O -vancomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -vancomycin B-Chemical -, O -administered O -appropriately O -, O -constitutes O -safe O -, O -effective O -therapy O -for O -infections O -caused O -by O -susceptible O -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -associated O -with O -nephrotoxicity O -and O -clinical O -outcome O -in O -patients O -receiving O -amikacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -from O -60 O -patients O -treated O -with O -amikacin B-Chemical -were O -analyzed O -for O -factors O -associated O -with O -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -42 O -of O -these O -patients O -, O -data O -were O -examined O -for O -factors O -associated O -with O -clinical O -outcome O -. O - -aps B-category -Variables O -evaluated O -included O -patient O -weight O -, O -age O -, O -sex O -, O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -level O -, O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -, O -duration O -of O -therapy O -, O -total O -dose O -, O -mean O -daily O -dose O -, O -organism O -minimum O -inhibitory O -concentration O -( O -MIC O -) O -, O -mean O -peak O -levels O -, O -mean O -trough O -levels O -, O -mean O -area O -under O -the O -serum O -concentration O -- O -time O -curve O -( O -AUC O -) O -, O -total O -AUC O -, O -mean O -AUC O -greater O -than O -MIC O -, O -total O -AUC O -greater O -than O -MIC O -, O -mean O -Schumacher O -' O -s O -intensity O -factor O -( O -IF O -) O -, O -total O -IF O -, O -In O -( O -mean O -maximum O -concentration O -[ O -Cmax O -] O -/ O -MIC O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Model O -- O -dependent O -pharmacokinetic O -parameters O -were O -calculated O -by O -computer O -based O -on O -a O -one O -- O -compartment O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -parameters O -were O -examined O -individually O -, O -duration O -of O -therapy O -and O -total O -AUC O -correlated O -significantly O -( O -P O -less O -than O -. O -05 O -) O -with O -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -a O -stepwise O -discriminant O -function O -analysis O -identified O -only O -duration O -of O -therapy O -( O -P O -less O -than O -. O -001 O -) O -as O -an O -important O -factor O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -this O -model O -and O -on O -Bayes O -' O -theorem O -, O -the O -predictive O -accuracy O -of O -identifying O -" O -nephrotoxic O -" O -patients O -increased O -from O -0 O -. O -17 O -to O -0 O -. O -39 O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -examined O -individually O -, O -mean O -IF O -, O -MIC O -, O -total O -dose O -, O -mean O -daily O -dose O -, O -and O -ln O -( O -mean O -Cmax O -/ O -MIC O -) O -correlated O -significantly O -( O -P O -less O -than O -. O -05 O -) O -with O -cure O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -a O -simultaneous O -multivariable O -analysis O -identified O -IF O -, O -MIC O -, O -and O -total O -dose O -according O -to O -one O -model O -and O -ln O -( O -mean O -Cmax O -/ O -MIC O -) O -according O -to O -a O -second O -statistical O -model O -of O -parameters O -selected O -to O -have O -the O -greatest O -prospective O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -Bayes O -' O -theorem O -and O -the O -first O -model O -, O -the O -predictive O -accuracy O -of O -identifying O -patients O -not O -cured O -increased O -from O -0 O -. O -19 O -to O -0 O -. O -83 O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -the O -second O -model O -, O -the O -predictive O -accuracy O -increased O -from O -0 O -. O -19 O -to O -0 O -. O -50 O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -toxicity O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Report O -of O -a O -case O -of O -spontaneous O -angina O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -a O -patient O -with O -colon O -carcinoma O -and O -liver O -metastasis O -who O -presented O -chest O -pain O -after O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -) O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -electrocardiographic O -evolution O -was O -similar O -to O -that O -observed O -in O -Prinzmetal O -' O -s O -angina O -, O -and O -chest O -pain O -promptly O -resolved O -with O -nifedipine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -coronary O -spasm O -may O -be O -the O -cause O -of O -cardiotoxicity O -due O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -, O -and O -that O -calcium B-Chemical -antagonists O -may O -probably O -be O -used O -in O -the O -prevention O -or O -treatment O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Dose O -- O -related O -beneficial O -and O -adverse O -effects O -of O -dietary O -corticosterone B-Chemical -on O -organophosphorus B-Chemical -- O -induced O -delayed O -neuropathy O -in O -chickens O -. O - -aps B-category -Tri B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ortho I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tolyl I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -TOTP B-Chemical -) O -, O -360 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -po O -, O -and O -0 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -0 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diisopropyl I-Chemical -phosphorofluoridate I-Chemical -( O -DFP B-Chemical -) O -, O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -sc O -, O -were O -administered O -to O -adult O -White O -Leghorn O -chickens O -24 O -hr O -after O -they O -were O -placed O -on O -diets O -containing O -0 O -to O -300 O -ppm O -corticosterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Supplemented O -diets O -were O -continued O -until O -clinical O -signs O -and O -lesions O -of O -delayed O -neuropathy O -appeared O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -low O -concentrations O -( O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -50 O -ppm O -) O -of O -corticosterone B-Chemical -had O -beneficial O -effects O -on O -TOTP B-Chemical -- O -induced O -neuropathy O -, O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -200 O -ppm O -exacerbated O -clinical O -signs O -in O -chickens O -given O -either O -TOTP B-Chemical -or O -DFP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neurotoxic O -esterase O -activities O -24 O -hr O -after O -TOTP B-Chemical -or O -DFP B-Chemical -were O -less O -than O -20 O -% O -of O -values O -measured O -in O -chickens O -not O -given O -organophosphorous B-Chemical -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Chickens O -given O -200 O -ppm O -corticosterone B-Chemical -without O -TOTP B-Chemical -or O -DFP B-Chemical -had O -significantly O -elevated O -activity O -of O -plasma O -cholinesterase O -and O -significantly O -inhibited O -activity O -of O -liver O -carboxylesterase O -. O - -aps B-category -Degenerating O -myelinated O -fibers O -were O -also O -evident O -in O -distal O -levels O -of O -the O -peripheral O -nerves O -of O -chickens O -given O -TOTP B-Chemical -or O -DFP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatotoxicity O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Amiodarone B-Chemical -has O -proved O -very O -effective O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -otherwise O -resistant O -cardiac O -tachyarrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -has O -, O -however O -, O -been O -limited O -due O -to O -its O -serious O -side O -- O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -patient O -with O -cholestatic O -hepatitis O -due O -to O -amiodarone B-Chemical -treatment O -is O -presented O -below O -and O -a O -review O -of O -the O -hepatotoxicity O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -is O -given O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -solid O -evidence O -exists O -of O -hepatic O -injury O -due O -to O -amiodarone B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -including O -steatosis O -, O -alterations O -resembling O -alcoholic O -hepatitis O -, O -cholestatic O -hepatitis O -and O -micronodular O -cirrhosis O -of O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -receiving O -amiodarone B-Chemical -should O -be O -regularly O -screened O -with O -respect O -to O -hepatic O -enzyme O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Therapy O -should O -be O -discontinued O -on O -the O -suspicion O -of O -cholestatic O -injury O -or O -hepatomegaly O -. O - -aps B-category -Promotional O -effects O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -dietary O -fat O -on O -prostate O -carcinogenesis O -in O -genetically O -susceptible O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Germfree O -( O -GF O -) O -Lobund O -strain O -Wistar O -( O -LW O -) O -rats O -, O -fed O -vegetable O -diet O -L O -- O -485 O -, O -have O -developed O -prostate O -adenocarcinomas O -spontaneously O -( O -10 O -% O -incidence O -) O -at O -average O -age O -34 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Conventional O -LW O -rats O -, O -implanted O -with O -testosterone B-Chemical -at O -age O -4 O -months O -, O -developed O -a O -higher O -incidence O -of O -prostate O -cancer O -after O -an O -average O -interval O -of O -14 O -months O -: O -24 O -% O -had O -developed O -gross O -tumors O -, O -and O -40 O -% O -when O -it O -included O -microscopic O -tumors O -. O - -aps B-category -Preliminary O -results O -indicate O -that O -testosterone B-Chemical -- O -treated O -LW O -rats O -that O -were O -fed O -the O -same O -diet O -, O -which O -was O -supplemented O -with O -corn O -oil O -up O -to O -20 O -% O -fat O -, O -developed O -prostate O -cancer O -after O -intervals O -of O -6 O -- O -12 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Aged O -GF O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -( O -SD O -) O -rats O -have O -not O -developed O -prostate O -cancer O -spontaneously O -. O - -aps B-category -Conventional O -SD O -rats O -fed O -diet O -L O -- O -485 O -and O -treated O -with O -testosterone B-Chemical -developed O -only O -prostatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -designs O -should O -consider O -genetic O -susceptibility O -as O -a O -basic O -prerequisite O -for O -studies O -on O -experimental O -prostate O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Time O -course O -alterations O -of O -QTC O -interval O -due O -to O -hypaque B-Chemical -76 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Sequential O -measurement O -of O -QT O -interval O -during O -left O -ventricular O -angiography O -was O -made O -30 O -seconds O -and O -one O -, O -three O -, O -five O -and O -ten O -minutes O -after O -injection O -of O -hypaque B-Chemical -76 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subjects O -were O -ten O -patients O -found O -to O -have O -normal O -left O -ventricles O -and O -coronary O -arteries O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -QTC O -prolongation O -occurred O -in O -30 O -seconds O -to O -one O -minute O -in O -association O -with O -marked O -hypotension O -and O -elevation O -of O -cardiac O -output O -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -extraocular O -muscle O -regeneration O -. O - -aps B-category -Repair O -of O -local O -anesthetic O -- O -induced O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -Local O -anesthetics O -that O -are O -commonly O -used O -in O -ophthalmic O -surgery O -( O -0 O -. O -75 O -% O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -, O -2 O -. O -0 O -% O -mepivacaine B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -, O -and O -2 O -. O -0 O -% O -lidocaine B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -plus O -1 O -: O -100 O -, O -000 O -epinephrine B-Chemical -) O -were O -injected O -into O -the O -retrobulbar O -area O -of O -rat O -eyes O -. O - -aps B-category -Controls O -were O -injected O -with O -physiological O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -three O -anesthetics O -produced O -massive O -degeneration O -of O -the O -extraocular O -muscles O -. O - -aps B-category -Muscle O -degeneration O -is O -followed O -by O -regeneration O -of O -the O -damaged O -muscle O -fibers O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -muscle O -damage O -, O -severe O -damage O -was O -also O -seen O -in O -harderian O -glands O -, O -especially O -after O -exposure O -to O -mepivacaine B-Chemical -and O -lidocaine B-Chemical -plus O -epinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -these O -findings O -in O -rats O -, O -it O -is O -hypothesized O -that O -the O -temporary O -diplopia O -sometimes O -seen O -in O -patients O -after O -ophthalmic O -surgery O -might O -be O -due O -to O -anesthetic O -- O -induced O -damage O -to O -the O -extraocular O -muscles O -. O - -aps B-category -Gentamicin B-Chemical -nephropathy O -in O -a O -neonate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -and O -autopsy O -findings O -in O -a O -premature O -baby O -who O -died O -of O -acute O -renal O -failure O -after O -therapy O -with O -gentamicin B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -) O -and O -penicillin B-Chemical -are O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serum O -gentamicin B-Chemical -concentration O -had O -reached O -toxic O -levels O -when O -anuria O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -Numerous O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -Schiff O -( O -PAS O -) O -positive O -, O -diastase O -resistant O -cytoplasmic O -inclusion O -bodies O -which O -appeared O -as O -myelin O -figures O -in O -cytosegresomes O -under O -the O -electron O -microscope O -were O -identified O -in O -the O -proximal O -convoluted O -tubules O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pathological O -changes O -induced O -by O -gentamicin B-Chemical -in O -the O -human O -neonatal O -kidneys O -have O -not O -been O -previously O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -by O -paracetamol B-Chemical -of O -bladder O -and O -liver O -tumours O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -on O -hepatocyte O -fine O -structure O -. O - -aps B-category -Groups O -of O -male O -and O -female O -inbred O -Leeds O -strain O -rats O -were O -fed O -diets O -containing O -either O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -or O -1 O -. O -0 O -% O -paracetamol B-Chemical -by O -weight O -for O -up O -to O -18 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -1 O -. O -0 O -% O -dosage O -level O -, O -20 O -% O -of O -rats O -of O -both O -sexes O -developed O -neoplastic O -nodules O -of O -the O -liver O -, O -a O -statistically O -significant O -incidence O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -rats O -also O -showed O -gross O -enlargement O -of O -their O -livers O -and O -an O -increase O -in O -foci O -of O -cellular O -alteration O -, O -the O -latter O -also O -being O -observed O -in O -the O -low O -dosage O -male O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Papillomas O -of O -the O -transitional O -epithelium O -of O -the O -bladder O -developed O -in O -all O -paracetamol B-Chemical -- O -treated O -groups O -, O -and O -three O -rats O -bore O -bladder O -carcinomas O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -significant O -yields O -of O -bladder O -tumours O -were O -only O -obtained O -from O -low O -dosage O -females O -and O -high O -dosage O -males O -. O - -aps B-category -Additionally O -, O -20 O -to O -25 O -% O -of O -paracetamol B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -developed O -hyperplasia O -of O -the O -bladder O -epithelium O -, O -which O -was O -not O -coincident O -with O -the O -presence O -of O -bladder O -calculi O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -low O -yield O -of O -tumours O -at O -various O -other O -sites O -also O -arose O -following O -paracetamol B-Chemical -feeding O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -electron O -microscope O -study O -of O -the O -livers O -of O -paracetamol B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -revealed O -ultrastructural O -changes O -in O -the O -hepatocytes O -that O -resemble O -those O -that O -result O -from O -exposure O -to O -a O -variety O -of O -known O -hepatocarcinogens O -. O - -aps B-category -Transient O -hemiparesis O -: O -a O -rare O -manifestation O -of O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Report O -of O -two O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -common O -side O -effects O -of O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -( O -DPH B-Chemical -) O -overdose O -, O -the O -most O -frequently O -encountered O -neurological O -signs O -are O -those O -of O -cerebellar O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -Very O -rarely O -, O -the O -toxic O -neurological O -manifestations O -of O -this O -drug O -are O -of O -cerebral O -origin O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -are O -presented O -who O -suffered O -progressive O -hemiparesis O -due O -to O -DPH B-Chemical -overdose O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -had O -brain O -surgery O -before O -DPH B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -assumed O -that O -patients O -with O -some O -cerebral O -damage O -are O -liable O -to O -manifest O -DPH B-Chemical -toxicity O -as O -focal O -neurological O -signs O -. O - -aps B-category -Tiapride B-Chemical -in O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -involuntary O -movements O -. O - -aps B-category -Tiapride B-Chemical -, O -a O -substituted O -benzamide B-Chemical -derivative O -closely O -related O -to O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -, O -reduced O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -peak O -dose O -involuntary O -movements O -in O -16 O -patients O -with O -idiopathic O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -an O -unacceptable O -increase O -in O -disability O -from O -Parkinsonism O -with O -aggravation O -of O -end O -- O -of O -- O -dose O -akinesia O -led O -to O -its O -cessation O -in O -14 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Tiapride B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -on O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -early O -morning O -of O -" O -off O -- O -period O -" O -segmental O -dystonia O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -fail O -to O -support O -the O -notion O -that O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -are O -caused O -by O -overstimulation O -of O -a O -separate O -group O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Quinidine B-Chemical -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -administration O -of O -quinidine B-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -persistent O -elevation O -of O -serum O -concentrations O -of O -SGOT O -, O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -and O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -biopsy O -showed O -active O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Discontinuance O -of O -quinidine B-Chemical -therapy O -led O -to O -normalization O -of O -liver O -function O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -challenge O -dose O -of O -quinidine B-Chemical -caused O -clinical O -symptoms O -and O -abrupt O -elevation O -of O -SGOT O -, O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -and O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -concluded O -that O -this O -patient O -had O -quinidine B-Chemical -hepatotoxicity O -and O -believe O -that O -this O -is O -the O -first O -case O -reported O -with O -liver O -biopsy O -documentation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -report O -also O -suggests O -that O -, O -even O -after O -long O -- O -term O -administration O -, O -the O -hepatic O -toxicity O -is O -reversible O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -thromboembolism O -in O -patients O -receiving O -systemic O -heparin B-Chemical -therapy O -: O -a O -complication O -associated O -with O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -thromboembolism O -is O -a O -recognized O -complication O -of O -systemic O -heparin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Characteristic O -of O -the O -entity O -is O -arterial O -occlusion O -by O -platelet O -- O -fibrin O -thrombi O -with O -distal O -ischemia O -occurring O -four O -to O -twenty O -days O -after O -the O -initiation O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -preceded O -by O -profound O -thrombocytopenia O -with O -platelet O -counts O -in O -the O -range O -of O -30 O -, O -000 O -to O -40 O -, O -000 O -per O -cubic O -millimeter O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinically O -apparent O -occlusion O -may O -be O -preceded O -by O -gastrointestinal O -and O -musculoskeletal O -symptoms O -that O -appear O -to O -be O -ischemic O -in O -origin O -, O -and O -might O -serve O -to O -warn O -the O -clinician O -of O -these O -complications O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -reports O -of O -these O -phenomena O -as O -well O -as O -recent O -studies O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -are O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -common O -factor O -relating O -thromboembolism O -and O -thrombocytopenia O -is O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -platelet O -aggregation O -. O - -aps B-category -Appropriate O -treatment O -consists O -of O -discontinuation O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -and O -anticoagulation O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -warfarin I-Chemical -if O -necessary O -. O - -aps B-category -Vascular O -procedures O -are O -performed O -as O -indicated O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacology O -of O -GYKI B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -41 I-Chemical -099 I-Chemical -( O -chlorpropanol B-Chemical -, O -Tobanum B-Chemical -) O -a O -new O -potent O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -compound O -GYKI B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -41 I-Chemical -099 I-Chemical -, O -as O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonist O -, O -is O -3 O -- O -8 O -times O -more O -potent O -than O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -antiarrhythmic O -effectiveness O -surpasses O -that O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -inhibiting O -the O -ouabain B-Chemical -arrhythmia O -in O -dogs O -and O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -GYKI B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -41 I-Chemical -900 I-Chemical -has O -a O -negligible O -cardiodepressant O -activity O -; O -it O -is O -not O -cardioselective O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -compound O -shows O -a O -rapid O -and O -long O -lasting O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -prolonged O -elimination O -of O -the O -radioactivity O -after O -the O -injection O -of O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -41 I-Chemical -099 I-Chemical -to O -rats O -and O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -half O -life O -of O -the O -unlabeled O -substance O -in O -humans O -was O -more O -than O -10 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -reactions O -to O -bendrofluazide B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -mild O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Report O -of O -Medical O -Research O -Council O -Working O -Party O -on O -Mild O -to O -Moderate O -Hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Participants O -in O -the O -Medical O -Research O -Council O -treatment O -trial O -for O -mild O -hypertension O -are O -randomly O -allocated O -to O -one O -of O -four O -treatment O -groups O -: O -bendrofluazide B-Chemical -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -or O -a O -placebo O -for O -either O -of O -these O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -trial O -is O -single O -- O -blind O -. O - -aps B-category -23 O -582 O -patient O -- O -years O -of O -observation O -have O -been O -completed O -so O -far O -, O -10 O -684 O -on O -active O -drugs O -and O -12 O -898 O -on O -placebos O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -show O -an O -association O -between O -bendrofluazide B-Chemical -treatment O -and O -impotence O -, O -and O -impotence O -also O -occurred O -more O -frequently O -in O -patients O -taking O -propranolol B-Chemical -than O -in O -those O -taking O -placebos O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -adverse O -reactions O -significantly O -linked O -with O -active O -drugs O -include O -impaired O -glucose O -tolerance O -in O -men O -and O -women O -and O -gout O -in O -men O -, O -associated O -with O -bendrofluazide B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -and O -Raynaud O -' O -s O -phenomenon O -and O -dyspnoea O -in O -men O -and O -women O -taking O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -No O -corneal O -disease O -is O -known O -to O -have O -occurred O -in O -the O -propranolol B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -level O -fell O -, O -and O -urea B-Chemical -and O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -levels O -rose O -, O -in O -men O -and O -women O -taking O -bendrofluazide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -propranolol B-Chemical -group O -, O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -levels O -rose O -in O -both O -sexes O -, O -but O -the O -urea B-Chemical -level O -rose O -significantly O -in O -women O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -Serotonergic O -drugs O -, O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -and O -baclofen B-Chemical -block O -muscimol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myoclonic O -jerks O -in O -a O -strain O -of O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -male O -Swiss O -mice O -, O -muscimol B-Chemical -produced O -myoclonic O -jerks O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -( O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -dose O -induced O -this O -response O -in O -all O -of O -the O -mice O -tested O -and O -the O -peak O -response O -of O -73 O -jerks O -per O -min O -was O -observed O -between O -27 O -and O -45 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -the O -brain O -serotonin B-Chemical -levels O -by O -the O -administration O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -( O -80 O -- O -160 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -in O -combination O -with O -a O -peripheral O -decarboxylase O -inhibitor O -resulted O -in O -an O -inhibition O -of O -the O -muscimol B-Chemical -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -a O -similar O -experiment O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -( O -80 O -- O -160 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -was O -without O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -doses O -of O -3 O -- O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -the O -serotonin B-Chemical -receptor O -agonist O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -212 I-Chemical -caused O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -blockade O -of O -the O -response O -of O -muscimol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -, O -clonazepam B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -0 O -. O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -was O -found O -to O -be O -several O -fold O -more O -potent O -than O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -3 O -- O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -in O -blocking O -the O -myoclonic O -jerks O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -( O -- O -) O -- O -baclofen B-Chemical -( O -1 O -- O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -proved O -to O -be O -an O -effective O -antagonist O -of O -muscimol B-Chemical -, O -its O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -isomer O -( O -5 O -- O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -lacked O -this O -property O -. O - -aps B-category -Considering O -the O -fact O -that O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -and O -the O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -have O -been O -found O -to O -be O -beneficial O -in O -the O -management O -of O -clinical O -myoclonus O -, O -the O -muscimol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myoclonus O -seems O -to O -be O -a O -satisfactory O -animal O -model O -that O -may O -prove O -useful O -for O -the O -development O -of O -new O -drug O -treatments O -for O -this O -condition O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -present O -study O -indicated O -the O -possible O -value O -of O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -212 I-Chemical -and O -( O -- O -) O -- O -baclofen B-Chemical -in O -the O -management O -of O -clinical O -myoclonus O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -interaction O -between O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenergic I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -and O -verapamil B-Chemical -- O -- O -report O -of O -three O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -patients O -with O -ischaemic O -heart O -disease O -developed O -profound O -cardiac O -failure O -, O -hypotension O -and O -bradycardia O -during O -combined O -therapy O -with O -verapamil B-Chemical -and O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenergic I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -clinical O -picture O -resolved O -completely O -with O -cessation O -of O -the O -combined O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Baseline O -left O -ventricular O -function O -, O -assessed O -by O -cardiac O -catheterisation O -or O -nuclear O -angiography O -, O -was O -normal O -in O -two O -patients O -and O -only O -mildly O -reduced O -in O -the O -other O -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneously O -administration O -of O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenergic I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -and O -verapamil B-Chemical -may O -result O -in O -profound O -adverse O -interactions O -and O -should O -only O -be O -administered O -with O -great O -caution O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -ranitidine B-Chemical -and O -cimetidine B-Chemical -in O -inhibiting O -acid O -secretion O -in O -patients O -with O -gastric O -hypersecretory O -states O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -H2 O -- O -histamine B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonists O -ranitidine B-Chemical -and O -cimetidine B-Chemical -were O -compared O -for O -their O -abilities O -to O -control O -gastric O -acid O -hypersecretion O -on O -a O -short O -- O -and O -long O -- O -term O -basis O -in O -22 O -patients O -with O -gastric O -acid O -hypersecretory O -states O -. O - -aps B-category -Nineteen O -patients O -had O -Zollinger O -- O -Ellison O -syndrome O -, O -one O -patient O -had O -systemic O -mastocytosis O -, O -and O -two O -patients O -had O -idiopathic O -hypersecretion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rates O -of O -onset O -of O -the O -action O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -and O -ranitidine B-Chemical -were O -the O -same O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -actions O -of O -both O -drugs O -were O -increased O -by O -anticholinergic O -agents O -, O -and O -there O -was O -a O -close O -correlation O -between O -the O -daily O -maintenance O -dose O -of O -each O -drug O -needed O -to O -control O -acid O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -ranitidine B-Chemical -was O -threefold O -more O -potent O -than O -cimetidine B-Chemical -both O -in O -acute O -inhibition O -studies O -and O -in O -the O -median O -maintenance O -dose O -needed O -( O -1 O -. O -2 O -g O -per O -day O -for O -ranitidine B-Chemical -and O -3 O -. O -6 O -g O -per O -day O -for O -cimetidine B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Sixty O -percent O -of O -the O -males O -developed O -breast O -changes O -or O -impotence O -while O -taking O -cimetidine B-Chemical -and O -in O -all O -cases O -these O -changes O -disappeared O -when O -cimetidine B-Chemical -was O -replaced O -by O -ranitidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -high O -doses O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -( O -one O -to O -60 O -months O -; O -median O -, O -11 O -months O -) O -or O -ranitidine B-Chemical -( O -two O -to O -31 O -months O -; O -median O -, O -14 O -months O -) O -was O -not O -associated O -with O -hepatic O -or O -hematologic O -toxicity O -or O -alterations O -of O -serum O -gastrin O -concentrations O -, O -but O -ranitidine B-Chemical -therapy O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -significantly O -lower O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -level O -than O -seen O -with O -cimetidine B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -show O -that O -both O -drugs O -can O -adequately O -inhibit O -acid O -secretion O -in O -patients O -with O -gastric O -hypersecretory O -states O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -are O -safe O -at O -high O -doses O -, O -but O -ranitidine B-Chemical -is O -threefold O -more O -potent O -and O -does O -not O -cause O -the O -antiandrogen O -side O -effects O -frequently O -seen O -with O -high O -doses O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Epileptogenic O -properties O -of O -enflurane B-Chemical -and O -their O -clinical O -interpretation O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -cases O -of O -EEG O -changes O -induced O -by O -single O -exposure O -to O -enflurane B-Chemical -anesthesia O -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -one O -patient O -, O -enflurane B-Chemical -administered O -during O -a O -donor O -nephrectomy O -resulted O -in O -unexpected O -partial O -motor O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Until O -the O -cause O -of O -the O -seizures O -was O -correctly O -identified O -, O -the O -patient O -was O -inappropriately O -treated O -with O -anticonvulsants O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -other O -patients O -suffered O -from O -partial O -, O -complex O -and O -generalized O -seizures O -uncontrolled O -by O -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -Epileptic O -foci O -delineated O -and O -activated O -by O -enflurane B-Chemical -were O -surgically O -ablated O -and O -the O -patients O -are O -now O -seizure O -- O -free O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -exposures O -to O -enflurane B-Chemical -have O -to O -be O -disclosed O -to O -avoid O -mistakes O -in O -clinical O -interpretation O -of O -the O -EEG O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -enflurane B-Chemical -may O -prove O -to O -be O -a O -safe O -fast O -acting O -activator O -of O -epileptic O -foci O -during O -corticography O -or O -depth O -electrode O -intraoperative O -recordings O -. O - -aps B-category -Development O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiac O -hypertrophy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -development O -of O -cardiac O -hypertrophy O -was O -studied O -in O -adult O -female O -Wistar O -rats O -following O -daily O -subcutaneous O -injections O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -ISO B-Chemical -) O -( O -0 O -. O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -time O -course O -was O -established O -for O -the O -change O -in O -tissue O -mass O -, O -RNA O -and O -DNA O -content O -, O -as O -well O -as O -hydroxyproline B-Chemical -content O -. O - -aps B-category -Heart O -weight O -increased O -44 O -% O -after O -8 O -days O -of O -treatment O -with O -a O -half O -time O -of O -3 O -. O -4 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Ventricular O -RNA O -content O -was O -elevated O -26 O -% O -after O -24 O -h O -of O -a O -single O -injection O -and O -reached O -a O -maximal O -level O -following O -8 O -days O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -half O -time O -for O -RNA O -accumulation O -was O -2 O -. O -0 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -total O -content O -of O -hydroxyproline B-Chemical -remained O -stable O -during O -the O -first O -2 O -days O -of O -treatment O -but O -increased O -46 O -% O -after O -4 O -days O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Ventricular O -DNA O -content O -was O -unchanged O -during O -the O -early O -stage O -( O -1 O -- O -4 O -days O -) O -of O -hypertrophic O -growth O -but O -increased O -to O -a O -new O -steady O -- O -state O -level O -19 O -% O -above O -the O -controls O -after O -8 O -days O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraventricular O -pressures O -and O -coronary O -flow O -measures O -were O -similar O -for O -control O -and O -experimental O -animals O -following O -4 O -days O -of O -developed O -hypertrophy O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -dP O -/ O -dt O -in O -the O -ISO B-Chemical -- O -treated O -hearts O -was O -slightly O -but O -significantly O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -elevated O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -the O -adaptive O -response O -to O -ISO B-Chemical -shows O -an O -early O -hypertrophic O -phase O -( O -1 O -- O -4 O -days O -) O -characterized O -by O -a O -substantial O -increase O -in O -RNA O -content O -and O -cardiac O -mass O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -changes O -in O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -prolonged O -stimulation O -( O -8 O -- O -12 O -days O -) O -appears O -to O -represent O -a O -complex O -integration O -of O -both O -cellular O -hypertrophy O -and O -hyperplasia O -within O -the O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -Multiple O -side O -effects O -of O -penicillamine B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -one O -patient O -with O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -. O - -aps B-category -Skin O -rashes O -, O -proteinuria O -, O -systemic O -lupus O -erythematosus O -, O -polymyositis O -and O -myasthenia O -gravis O -have O -all O -been O -recorded O -as O -complications O -of O -penicillamine B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -patients O -with O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -patient O -who O -had O -developed O -all O -5 O -is O -now O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -skin O -lesion O -resembled O -elastosis O -perforans O -serpiginosa O -, O -which O -has O -been O -reported O -as O -a O -rare O -side O -effect O -in O -patients O -with O -Wilson O -' O -s O -disease O -but O -not O -in O -patients O -with O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -treated O -with O -penicillamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Obsolete O -but O -dangerous O -antacid O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -case O -of O -acute O -hypercalcaemia O -and O -two O -of O -recurrent O -nephrolithiasis O -are O -reported O -in O -patients O -who O -had O -regularly O -consumed O -large O -amounts O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ate I-Chemical -- O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -powders O -for O -more O -than O -20 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -powders O -had O -been O -obtained O -from O -pharmacists O -unknown O -to O -the O -patients O -' O -medical O -practitioners O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -these O -preparations O -were O -responsible O -for O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -problems O -, O -and O -that O -such O -powders O -should O -no O -longer O -be O -freely O -obtainable O -. O - -aps B-category -Doxorubicin B-Chemical -cardiomyopathy O -in O -children O -with O -left O -- O -sided O -Wilms O -tumor O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -children O -with O -Wilms O -tumor O -of O -the O -left O -kidney O -experienced O -severe O -anthracycline B-Chemical -cardiomyopathy O -after O -irradiation O -to O -the O -tumor O -bed O -and O -conventional O -dosage O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cardiomyopathy O -is O -attributed O -1 O -) O -to O -the O -fact O -that O -radiation O -fields O -for O -left O -Wilms O -tumor O -include O -the O -lower O -portion O -of O -the O -heart O -and O -2 O -) O -to O -the O -interaction O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -and O -irradiation O -on O -cardiac O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -recommended O -that O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -dosage O -be O -sharply O -restricted O -in O -children O -with O -Wilms O -tumor O -of O -the O -left O -kidney O -who O -receive O -postoperative O -irradiation O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -calcitonin O -on O -rat O -extrapyramidal O -motor O -system O -: O -behavioral O -and O -biochemical O -data O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -i O -. O -v O -. O -c O -. O -injection O -of O -human O -and O -salmon O -calcitonin O -on O -biochemical O -and O -behavioral O -parameters O -related O -to O -the O -extrapyramidal O -motor O -system O -, O -were O -investigated O -in O -male O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcitonin O -injection O -resulted O -in O -a O -potentiation O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -and O -a O -partial O -prevention O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -calcitonin O -induced O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -nigral O -GAD O -activity O -but O -no O -change O -in O -striatal O -DA B-Chemical -and O -DOPAC B-Chemical -concentration O -or O -GAD O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -are O -discussed O -in O -view O -of O -a O -primary O -action O -of O -calcitonin O -on O -the O -striatonigral O -GABAergic O -pathway O -mediating O -the O -DA B-Chemical -- O -related O -behavioral O -messages O -of O -striatal O -origin O -. O - -aps B-category -Naloxazone B-Chemical -pretreatment O -modifies O -cardiorespiratory O -, O -temperature O -, O -and O -behavioral O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Behavioral O -and O -cardiorespiratory O -responses O -to O -a O -lethal O -dose O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -were O -evaluated O -in O -rats O -pretreated O -with O -saline O -or O -naloxazone B-Chemical -, O -an O -antagonist O -of O -high O -- O -affinity O -mu O -1 O -opioid O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -naloxazone B-Chemical -significantly O -blocked O -morphine B-Chemical -analgesia O -, O -catalepsy O -and O -hypothermia O -at O -a O -dose O -which O -completely O -eliminated O -high O -- O -affinity O -binding O -in O -brain O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -naloxazone B-Chemical -significantly O -attenuated O -the O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -and O -respiratory O -depression O -, O -whereas O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -bradycardia O -was O -less O -affected O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -indicate O -that O -subpopulations O -of O -mu O -receptors O -may O -mediate O -selective O -behavioral O -and O -cardiorespiratory O -responses O -to O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Modification O -of O -drug O -action O -by O -hyperammonemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -( O -NH4Ac B-Chemical -) O -( O -6 O -mmol O -/ O -kg O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -approximately O -doubled O -the O -time O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -mice O -remained O -on O -a O -hot O -surface O -and O -similarly O -increased O -muscular O -incoordination O -by O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -but O -NH4Ac B-Chemical -treatment O -alone O -had O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -hyperammonemia O -is O -capable O -of O -altering O -drug O -action O -and O -must O -be O -considered O -along O -with O -impaired O -drug O -metabolism O -in O -enhanced O -drug O -responses O -associated O -with O -liver O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -in O -vitro O -showed O -that O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catecholamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -bovine O -adrenal O -medulla O -is O -depressed O -as O -much O -as O -50 O -% O -by O -0 O -. O -3 O -mM O -NH4Ac B-Chemical -and O -KCl B-Chemical -- O -induced O -contractions O -of O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileum O -were O -inhibited O -20 O -% O -by O -5 O -mM O -NH4Ac B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -excess O -calcium B-Chemical -reversed O -the O -depression O -in O -both O -tissues O -, O -but O -calcium B-Chemical -- O -independent O -catecholamine B-Chemical -release O -by O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -was O -not O -blocked O -by O -NH4Ac B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggested O -that O -ammonia B-Chemical -blocks O -calcium B-Chemical -channels O -. O - -aps B-category -Parallels O -in O -the O -actions O -of O -NH4Ac B-Chemical -and O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blocker O -verapamil B-Chemical -support O -this O -concept O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -verapamil B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -and O -NH4Ac B-Chemical -pretreatment O -enhanced O -morphine B-Chemical -analgesia O -- O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -- O -induced O -muscular O -incoordination O -and O -antagonized O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -motor O -activity O -, O -and O -neither O -verapamil B-Chemical -nor O -NH4Ac B-Chemical -affected O -the O -convulsant O -action O -of O -metrazol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -hyperammonemia O -exerts O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blocking O -action O -which O -enhances O -the O -effects O -of O -central O -nervous O -system O -depressants O -and O -certain O -opioid O -analgesics O -. O - -aps B-category -Levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesia O -and O -thalamotomy O -. O - -aps B-category -Levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesia O -of O -the O -limbs O -in O -thirteen O -cases O -of O -Parkinsonism O -, O -which O -was O -choreic O -, O -ballistic O -or O -dystonic O -in O -type O -, O -was O -alleviated O -almost O -completely O -by O -stereotaxic O -surgery O -using O -a O -microelectrode O -technique O -for O -the O -ventralis O -oralis O -anterior O -and O -posterior O -nuclei O -of O -the O -thalamus O -, O -but O -much O -less O -by O -the O -ventralis O -intermedius O -nucleus O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -by O -thalamic O -lesions O -in O -the O -course O -of O -routine O -treatment O -of O -Parkinsonism O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -urothelial O -toxicity O -by O -oral O -administration O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mercaptoethane I-Chemical -sulphonate I-Chemical -( O -MESNA B-Chemical -) O -to O -patients O -with O -inoperable O -lung O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protective O -effect O -of O -oral O -administration O -of O -the O -thiol B-Chemical -compound O -sodium B-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mercaptoethane I-Chemical -sulphonate I-Chemical -( O -MESNA B-Chemical -) O -against O -urothelial O -toxicity O -induced O -by O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -( O -IF B-Chemical -) O -was O -tested O -in O -a O -group O -of O -45 O -patients O -with O -inoperable O -lung O -cancer O -under O -treatment O -with O -IF B-Chemical -( O -2250 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -on O -days O -2 O -- O -5 O -) O -as O -part O -of O -a O -polychemotherapy O -regimen O -repeated O -in O -a O -4 O -- O -week O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -MESNA B-Chemical -was O -given O -orally O -on O -the O -days O -of O -treatment O -with O -IF B-Chemical -in O -3 O -doses O -of O -840 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -, O -each O -administered O -at O -0 O -hr O -( O -= O -injection O -of O -IF B-Chemical -) O -, O -4 O -hr O -and O -8 O -hr O -p O -. O -i O -. O - -aps B-category -Out O -of O -a O -total O -of O -88 O -courses O -of O -this O -treatment O -we O -observed O -10 O -episodes O -of O -asymptomatic O -microscopic O -haematuria O -and O -no O -episodes O -of O -gross O -haematuria O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -group O -of O -45 O -patients O -under O -protection O -with O -MESNA B-Chemical -there O -were O -5 O -complete O -remissions O -and O -9 O -partial O -remissions O -( O -total O -31 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -further O -group O -of O -25 O -patients O -under O -polychemotherapy O -with O -IF B-Chemical -were O -treated O -by O -conventional O -prophylactic O -measures O -( O -raised O -fluid O -intake O -and O -forced O -diuresis O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -group O -there O -were O -1 O -complete O -and O -5 O -partial O -remissions O -( O -total O -24 O -% O -) O -, O -but O -nearly O -all O -patients O -developed O -either O -gross O -haematuria O -and O -/ O -or O -symptoms O -of O -bladder O -irritation O -( O -cystitis O -and O -pollakisuria O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -appreciable O -differences O -between O -the O -MESNA B-Chemical -series O -and O -the O -conventional O -prophylaxis O -series O -with O -respect O -to O -either O -haematological O -or O -systemic O -toxicity O -of O -the O -cytostatic O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -support O -the O -view O -that O -MESNA B-Chemical -, O -given O -orally O -in O -conjunction O -with O -combined O -cytostatic O -regimens O -which O -include O -IF B-Chemical -, O -simplifies O -the O -treatment O -and O -provides O -optimum O -protection O -for O -the O -urinary O -epithelium O -. O - -aps B-category -Protection O -with O -oral O -MESNA B-Chemical -is O -particularly O -suitable O -for O -outpatients O -. O - -aps B-category -Myoclonic O -, O -atonic O -, O -and O -absence O -seizures O -following O -institution O -of O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -children O -, O -aged O -3 O -to O -11 O -years O -, O -treated O -with O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -for O -epilepsy O -, O -had O -an O -acute O -aberrant O -reaction O -characterized O -by O -the O -onset O -of O -myoclonic O -, O -atypical O -absence O -and O -/ O -or O -atonic O -( O -minor O -motor O -) O -seizures O -within O -a O -few O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -was O -discontinued O -, O -two O -of O -the O -children O -returned O -to O -their O -former O -state O -very O -quickly O -, O -two O -had O -the O -minor O -motor O -seizures O -resolve O -in O -3 O -and O -6 O -months O -, O -and O -one O -had O -the O -seizures O -persist O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -child O -in O -whom O -the O -seizures O -persisted O -was O -later O -found O -to O -have O -ceroid O -lipofuscinosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -other O -children O -are O -doing O -well O -on O -other O -anticonvulsants O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthetase O -inhibitors O -on O -experimentally O -induced O -convulsions O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -investigate O -the O -relationship O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -( O -PGs B-Chemical -) O -to O -seizure O -induction O -, O -the O -effects O -of O -six O -PG O -synthetase O -inhibitors O -on O -convulsions O -induced O -by O -flurothyl B-Chemical -, O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -, O -pentetrazol B-Chemical -( O -PTZ B-Chemical -) O -, O -electroshock O -or O -bicuculline B-Chemical -were O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Ibuprofen B-Chemical -, O -sulindac B-Chemical -, O -mefenamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -and O -low O -dose O -meclofenamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -increased O -the O -latency O -- O -to O -- O -onset O -in O -the O -flurothyl B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -PTZ B-Chemical -models O -; O -the O -electroshock O -, O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -and O -bicuculline B-Chemical -models O -were O -not O -significantly O -affected O -by O -any O -of O -the O -pretreatment O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -PGs B-Chemical -are O -involved O -in O -the O -mechanism O -( O -s O -) O -underlying O -fluorthyl B-Chemical -- O -and O -PTZ B-Chemical -- O -induced O -convulsions O -, O -but O -not O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -- O -, O -electroshock O -- O -, O -or O -bicuculline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -changes O -of O -blood O -ammonia B-Chemical -may O -predict O -short O -- O -term O -adverse O -effects O -of O -valproic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Valproic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -VPA B-Chemical -) O -was O -given O -to O -24 O -epileptic O -patients O -who O -were O -already O -being O -treated O -with O -other O -antiepileptic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -standardized O -loading O -dose O -of O -VPA B-Chemical -was O -administered O -, O -and O -venous O -blood O -was O -sampled O -at O -0 O -, O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -and O -4 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Ammonia B-Chemical -( O -NH3 B-Chemical -) O -was O -higher O -in O -patients O -who O -, O -during O -continuous O -therapy O -, O -complained O -of O -drowsiness O -( O -7 O -patients O -) O -than O -in O -those O -who O -were O -symptom O -- O -free O -( O -17 O -patients O -) O -, O -although O -VPA B-Chemical -plasma O -levels O -were O -similar O -in O -both O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -measuring O -VPA B-Chemical -- O -induced O -changes O -of O -blood O -NH3 B-Chemical -content O -, O -it O -may O -be O -possible O -to O -identify O -patients O -at O -higher O -risk O -of O -obtundation O -when O -VPA B-Chemical -is O -given O -chronically O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -captopril B-Chemical -on O -pre O -- O -existing O -and O -aminonucleoside B-Chemical -- O -induced O -proteinuria O -in O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Proteinuria O -is O -a O -side O -effect O -of O -captopril B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -hypertensive O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -of O -reproducing O -the O -same O -renal O -abnormality O -with O -captopril B-Chemical -was O -examined O -in O -SHR O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -administration O -of O -captopril B-Chemical -at O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -for O -14 O -days O -failed O -to O -aggravate O -proteinuria O -pre O -- O -existing O -in O -SHR O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -captopril B-Chemical -treatment O -failed O -to O -potentiate O -or O -facilitate O -development O -of O -massive O -proteinuria O -invoked O -by O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -in O -SHR O -. O - -aps B-category -Captopril B-Chemical -had O -little O -or O -no O -demonstrable O -effects O -on O -serum O -electrolyte O -concentrations O -, O -excretion O -of O -urine O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -endogenous O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -, O -body O -weight O -, O -and O -food O -and O -water O -consumption O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -ketone B-Chemical -bodies O -were O -consistently O -present O -in O -urine O -and O -several O -lethalities O -occurred O -during O -multiple O -dosing O -of O -captopril B-Chemical -in O -SHR O -. O - -aps B-category -Complete O -heart O -block O -following O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -trazodone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -minutes O -after O -receiving O -a O -single O -starting O -dose O -of O -trazodone B-Chemical -, O -a O -patient O -developed O -complete O -heart O -block O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -case O -illustrates O -that O -, O -despite O -the O -results O -of O -earlier O -studies O -, O -trazodone B-Chemical -' O -s O -effect O -on O -cardiac O -conduction O -may O -be O -severe O -in O -individuals O -at O -risk O -for O -conduction O -delay O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenobarbital B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesia O -in O -a O -neurologically O -- O -impaired O -child O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -2 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -child O -with O -known O -neurologic O -impairment O -developed O -a O -dyskinesia O -soon O -after O -starting O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Known O -causes O -of O -movement O -disorders O -were O -eliminated O -after O -evaluation O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -repeat O -challenge O -with O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -, O -the O -dyskinesia O -recurred O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenobarbital B-Chemical -should O -be O -added O -to O -the O -list O -of O -anticonvulsant O -drugs O -that O -can O -cause O -movement O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -amine B-Chemical -pretreatment O -on O -ketamine B-Chemical -catatonia O -in O -pinealectomized O -or O -hypophysectomized O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -studies O -were O -designed O -to O -clarify O -the O -role O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -pineal O -idolamines O -on O -ketamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catatonia O -in O -the O -intact O -, O -pinealectomized O -or O -hypophysectomized O -chick O -and O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -pinealectomized O -chick O -, O -pretreatment O -with O -dopamine B-Chemical -increased O -the O -duration O -of O -catatonia O -( O -DOC O -) O -after O -ketamine B-Chemical -, O -but O -pretreatment O -with O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pineal O -indolamines O -exhibited O -mixed O -actions O -. O - -aps B-category -Serotonin B-Chemical -and O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -serotonin I-Chemical -which O -augmented O -ketamine B-Chemical -DOC O -, O -did O -not O -do O -so O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -the O -pineal O -gland O -, O -whereas O -melatonin B-Chemical -potentiated O -the O -ketamine B-Chemical -DOC O -in O -both O -the O -intact O -and O -pinealectomized O -chick O -. O - -aps B-category -Ketamine B-Chemical -was O -more O -potent O -in O -the O -hypophysectomized O -chick O -and O -the O -circadian O -rhythm O -noted O -in O -the O -intact O -chick O -was O -absent O -; O -furthermore O -, O -melatonin B-Chemical -did O -not O -augment O -the O -ketamine B-Chemical -DOC O -whereas O -dopamine B-Chemical -continued O -to O -do O -so O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -did O -not O -demonstrate O -a O -species O -difference O -regarding O -the O -role O -of O -the O -amines B-Chemical -on O -the O -pineal O -in O -spite O -of O -the O -immature O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -in O -the O -young O -chick O -and O -the O -intact O -barrier O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -these O -data O -indicate O -a O -direct O -role O -of O -the O -pituitary O -in O -the O -augmentation O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -DOC O -induced O -by O -melatonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -appeared O -to O -act O -on O -systems O -more O -closely O -involved O -with O -the O -induction O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -catatonia O -rather O -than O -directly O -on O -the O -pituitary O -. O - -aps B-category -Heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -, O -thrombosis O -, O -and O -hemorrhage O -. O - -aps B-category -Sixty O -- O -two O -patients O -with O -a O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -manifestations O -of O -this O -disorder O -include O -hemorrhage O -or O -, O -more O -frequently O -, O -thromboembolic O -events O -in O -patients O -receiving O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Laboratory O -testing O -has O -revealed O -a O -falling O -platelet O -count O -, O -increased O -resistance O -to O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -and O -aggregation O -of O -platelets O -by O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -plasma O -when O -heparin B-Chemical -is O -added O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunologic O -testing O -has O -demonstrated O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -dependent O -platelet O -membrane O -antibody O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -20 O -deaths O -, O -52 O -hemorrhagic O -and O -thromboembolic O -complications O -, O -and O -21 O -surgical O -procedures O -to O -manage O -the O -complications O -confirm O -the O -seriousness O -of O -the O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -risk O -factors O -have O -not O -been O -identified O -; O -therefore O -, O -all O -patients O -receiving O -heparin B-Chemical -should O -be O -monitored O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -the O -platelet O -count O -falls O -to O -less O -than O -100 O -, O -000 O -/ O -mm3 O -, O -while O -the O -patient O -is O -receiving O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -platelet O -aggregation O -testing O -, O -using O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -plasma O -, O -is O -indicated O -. O - -aps B-category -Management O -consists O -of O -cessation O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -platelet O -anti O -- O -aggregating O -agents O -, O -and O -alternate O -forms O -of O -anticoagulation O -when O -indicated O -. O - -aps B-category -Ventricular O -fibrillation O -from O -diatrizoate B-Chemical -with O -and O -without O -chelating O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -toxicity O -of O -Renografin B-Chemical -76 I-Chemical -% I-Chemical -was O -compared O -with O -that O -of O -Hypaque B-Chemical -76 I-Chemical -% I-Chemical -by O -selective O -injection O -of O -each O -into O -the O -right O -coronary O -artery O -of O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Renografin B-Chemical -contains O -the O -chelating O -agents O -sodium B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -and O -disodium B-Chemical -edetate I-Chemical -, O -while O -Hypaque B-Chemical -contains O -calcium B-Chemical -disodium I-Chemical -edetate I-Chemical -and O -no O -sodium B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ventricular O -fibrillation O -occurred O -significantly O -more O -often O -with O -Renografin B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -that O -chelating O -agents O -contribute O -to O -toxicity O -in O -coronary O -angiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -efficacy O -and O -toxicity O -of O -high O -- O -dose O -amiodarone B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -or O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -. O - -aps B-category -Amiodarone B-Chemical -was O -administered O -to O -154 O -patients O -who O -had O -sustained O -, O -symptomatic O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -( O -VT O -) O -( O -n O -= O -118 O -) O -or O -a O -cardiac O -arrest O -( O -n O -= O -36 O -) O -and O -who O -were O -refractory O -to O -conventional O -antiarrhythmic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -loading O -dose O -was O -800 O -mg O -/ O -day O -for O -6 O -weeks O -and O -the O -maintenance O -dose O -was O -600 O -mg O -/ O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -Sixty O -- O -nine O -percent O -of O -patients O -continued O -treatment O -with O -amiodarone B-Chemical -and O -had O -no O -recurrence O -of O -symptomatic O -VT O -or O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -( O -VF O -) O -over O -a O -follow O -- O -up O -of O -6 O -to O -52 O -months O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -standard O -deviation O -14 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -. O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -percent O -of O -the O -patients O -had O -a O -nonfatal O -recurrence O -of O -VT O -and O -were O -successfully O -managed O -by O -continuing O -amiodarone B-Chemical -at O -a O -higher O -dose O -or O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -a O -conventional O -antiarrhythmic O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -or O -more O -adverse O -drug O -reactions O -occurred O -in O -51 O -% O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -effects O -forced O -a O -reduction O -in O -the O -dose O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -in O -41 O -% O -and O -discontinuation O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -in O -10 O -% O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -common O -symptomatic O -adverse O -reactions O -were O -tremor O -or O -ataxia O -( O -35 O -% O -) O -, O -nausea O -and O -anorexia O -( O -8 O -% O -) O -, O -visual O -halos O -or O -blurring O -( O -6 O -% O -) O -, O -thyroid O -function O -abnormalities O -( O -6 O -% O -) O -and O -pulmonary O -interstitial O -infiltrates O -( O -5 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -large O -- O -dose O -amiodarone B-Chemical -is O -highly O -effective O -in O -the O -long O -- O -term O -treatment O -of O -VT O -or O -VF O -refractory O -to O -conventional O -antiarrhythmic O -drugs O -, O -it O -causes O -significant O -toxicity O -in O -approximately O -50 O -% O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -when O -the O -dose O -is O -adjusted O -based O -on O -clinical O -response O -or O -the O -development O -of O -adverse O -effects O -, O -75 O -% O -of O -patients O -with O -VT O -or O -VF O -can O -be O -successfully O -managed O -with O -amiodarone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Why O -may O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminocaproic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -EACA B-Chemical -) O -induce O -myopathy O -in O -man O -? O - -aps B-category -Report O -of O -a O -case O -and O -literature O -review O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -necrotizing O -myopathy O -due O -to O -a O -short O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminocaproic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -EACA B-Chemical -) O -treatment O -in O -a O -72 O -year O -- O -old O -patient O -with O -subarachnoid O -haemorrhage O -( O -SAH O -) O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Pathogenetic O -hypotheses O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -hemorrhage O -associated O -with O -phenylpropanolamine B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -caffeine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylpropanolamine B-Chemical -( O -PPA B-Chemical -) O -is O -a O -drug O -that O -has O -been O -associated O -with O -serious O -side O -effects O -including O -stroke O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -often O -combined O -with O -caffeine B-Chemical -in O -diet O -preparations O -and O -" O -look O -- O -alike O -" O -pills O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -determine O -if O -PPA B-Chemical -/ O -caffeine B-Chemical -can O -lead O -to O -stroke O -in O -normotensive O -and O -/ O -or O -hypertensive O -rats O -, O -we O -administered O -the O -combination O -in O -six O -times O -the O -allowed O -human O -dose O -calculated O -on O -a O -per O -weight O -basis O -for O -the O -rats O -two O -times O -per O -day O -for O -five O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Subarachnoid O -and O -cerebral O -hemorrhage O -was O -noted O -in O -18 O -% O -of O -the O -hypertensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -PPA B-Chemical -/ O -caffeine B-Chemical -administration O -( O -same O -dose O -) O -lead O -to O -acute O -hypertension O -in O -both O -the O -normotensive O -and O -hypertensive O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -PPA B-Chemical -/ O -caffeine B-Chemical -can O -lead O -to O -cerebral O -hemorrhage O -in O -previously O -hypertensive O -animals O -when O -administered O -in O -greater O -than O -the O -allowed O -dosage O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -acute O -elevation O -in O -blood O -pressure O -may O -be O -a O -contributing O -factor O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -papillary O -necrosis O -due O -to O -naproxen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -31 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -with O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -, O -who O -had O -previously O -been O -treated O -with O -sulindac B-Chemical -, O -fenoprofen B-Chemical -calcium I-Chemical -, O -high O -dose O -salicylates B-Chemical -and O -gold B-Chemical -salts O -, O -developed O -renal O -papillary O -necrosis O -( O -RPN O -) O -4 O -months O -after O -institution O -of O -naproxen B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -other O -factor O -predisposing O -to O -RPN O -could O -be O -discovered O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulindac B-Chemical -was O -substituted O -for O -naproxen B-Chemical -and O -no O -further O -adverse O -renal O -effects O -occurred O -over O -the O -next O -12 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -review O -previous O -reports O -linking O -RPN O -to O -antiinflammatory O -drug O -use O -and O -discuss O -possible O -advantages O -of O -sulindac B-Chemical -in O -patients O -who O -have O -experienced O -renal O -toxicity O -from O -other O -antiinflammatory O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Nephrotoxic O -effects O -of O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -treatment O -on O -renal O -protein O -reabsorption O -and O -accumulation O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -quantify O -the O -effects O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -, O -kanamycin B-Chemical -and O -netilmicin B-Chemical -on O -renal O -protein O -reabsorption O -and O -accumulation O -, O -these O -drugs O -were O -administered O -to O -rats O -intraperitoneally O -( O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -) O -for O -7 O -, O -14 O -or O -21 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Scanning O -electron O -microscopy O -of O -the O -glomerular O -endothelia O -, O -urinary O -measurements O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -endogenous O -lysozyme O -, O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -glucosaminidase O -( O -NAG O -) O -as O -well O -as O -clearance O -and O -accumulation O -experiments O -after O -i O -. O -v O -. O -administration O -of O -egg O -- O -white O -lysozyme O -and O -measurements O -of O -inulin O -clearance O -( O -GFR O -) O -were O -done O -in O -each O -treatment O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Gentamicin B-Chemical -administration O -decreased O -diameter O -, O -density O -and O -shape O -of O -endothelial O -fenestrae O -. O - -aps B-category -Kanamycin B-Chemical -and O -netilmicin B-Chemical -appeared O -to O -have O -no O -effect O -at O -the O -dose O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -three O -aminoglycosides B-Chemical -decreased O -GFR O -and O -increased O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -While O -gentamicin B-Chemical -and O -kanamycin B-Chemical -decreased O -the O -percentage O -reabsorption O -and O -accumulation O -of O -lysozyme O -after O -i O -. O -v O -. O -administration O -of O -egg O -- O -white O -lysozyme O -netilmicin B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Daily O -excretion O -of O -total O -protein O -, O -endogenous O -lysozyme O -and O -NAG O -increased O -only O -after O -treatment O -with O -kanamycin B-Chemical -and O -gentamicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -aminoglycosides B-Chemical -may O -act O -as O -nephrotoxicants O -at O -glomerular O -and O -/ O -or O -tubular O -level O -inducing O -impairment O -of O -renal O -reabsorption O -and O -accumulation O -of O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -the O -obstructive O -sleep O -apnea O -syndrome O -in O -a O -woman O -by O -exogenous O -androgen B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -documented O -airway O -occlusion O -during O -sleep O -and O -an O -abnormally O -high O -supraglottic O -resistance O -while O -awake O -in O -a O -54 O -- O -yr O -- O -old O -woman O -who O -had O -developed O -physical O -changes O -and O -the O -syndrome O -of O -obstructive O -sleep O -apnea O -while O -being O -administered O -exogenous O -androgens B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -androgens B-Chemical -were O -withdrawn O -, O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -physical O -changes O -, O -symptoms O -, O -sleep O -study O -, O -and O -supraglottic O -resistance O -all O -returned O -to O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rechallenge O -with O -androgen B-Chemical -produced O -symptoms O -of O -obstructive O -sleep O -apnea O -that O -abated O -upon O -withdrawal O -of O -the O -hormone O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -reports O -have O -favored O -a O -role O -of O -androgens B-Chemical -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -sleep O -apnea O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -report O -provides O -direct O -evidence O -for O -this O -role O -. O - -aps B-category -Structural O -and O -functional O -measurements O -indicate O -that O -androgens B-Chemical -exert O -a O -permissive O -or O -necessary O -action O -on O -the O -structural O -configuration O -of O -the O -oropharynx O -that O -predisposes O -to O -obstruction O -during O -sleep O -. O - -aps B-category -Development O -of O -the O -obstructive O -sleep O -apnea O -syndrome O -must O -be O -considered O -a O -possible O -side O -effect O -of O -androgen B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiotoxic O -and O -possible O -leukemogenic O -effects O -of O -adriamycin B-Chemical -in O -nonhuman O -primates O -. O - -aps B-category -10 O -monkeys O -( O -macaques O -) O -received O -adriamycin B-Chemical -by O -monthly O -intravenous O -injections O -at O -12 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -8 O -of O -the O -10 O -monkeys O -developed O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -at O -an O -average O -cumulative O -adriamycin B-Chemical -dose O -( O -310 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -) O -well O -below O -that O -considered O -the O -safe O -upper O -limit O -( O -550 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -) O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Histologically O -, O -the O -myocardial O -lesions O -resembled O -those O -found O -in O -human O -anthracycline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiomyopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -of O -the O -10 O -monkeys O -developed O -acute O -myeloblastic O -leukemia O -after O -receiving O -324 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -of O -adriamycin B-Chemical -; O -the O -10th O -monkey O -is O -alive O -and O -well O -26 O -months O -after O -the O -last O -dose O -of O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -suggest O -that O -adriamycin B-Chemical -is O -a O -more O -potent O -cardiotoxin O -in O -monkeys O -than O -in O -man O -, O -and O -that O -leukemia O -may O -be O -a O -consequence O -of O -prolonged O -treatment O -with O -this O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Tricuspid O -valve O -regurgitation O -and O -lithium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -toxicity O -in O -a O -newborn O -infant O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -newborn O -with O -massive O -tricuspid O -regurgitation O -, O -atrial O -flutter O -, O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -, O -and O -a O -high O -serum O -lithium B-Chemical -level O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -the O -first O -patient O -to O -initially O -manifest O -tricuspid O -regurgitation O -and O -atrial O -flutter O -, O -and O -the O -11th O -described O -patient O -with O -cardiac O -disease O -among O -infants O -exposed O -to O -lithium B-Chemical -compounds O -in O -the O -first O -trimester O -of O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Sixty O -- O -three O -percent O -of O -these O -infants O -had O -tricuspid O -valve O -involvement O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -may O -be O -a O -factor O -in O -the O -increasing O -incidence O -of O -congenital O -heart O -disease O -when O -taken O -during O -early O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -also O -causes O -neurologic O -depression O -, O -cyanosis O -, O -and O -cardiac O -arrhythmia O -when O -consumed O -prior O -to O -delivery O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -the O -novel O -compound O -aniracetam B-Chemical -( O -Ro B-Chemical -13 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5057 I-Chemical -) O -upon O -impaired O -learning O -and O -memory O -in O -rodents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -aniracetam B-Chemical -( O -Ro B-Chemical -13 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5057 I-Chemical -, O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anisoyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyrrolidinone I-Chemical -) O -was O -studied O -on O -various O -forms O -of O -experimentally O -impaired O -cognitive O -functions O -( O -learning O -and O -memory O -) O -in O -rodents O -and O -produced O -the O -following O -effects O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -almost O -complete O -prevention O -of O -the O -incapacity O -to O -learn O -a O -discrete O -escape O -response O -in O -rats O -exposed O -to O -sublethal O -hypercapnia O -immediately O -before O -the O -acquisition O -session O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -partial O -( O -rats O -) O -or O -complete O -( O -mice O -) O -prevention O -of O -the O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -short O -- O -term O -amnesia O -for O -a O -passive O -avoidance O -task O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -complete O -protection O -against O -amnesia O -for O -a O -passive O -avoidance O -task O -in O -rats O -submitted O -to O -electroconvulsive O -shock O -immediately O -after O -avoidance O -acquisition O -; O -( O -4 O -) O -prevention O -of O -the O -long O -- O -term O -retention O -- O -or O -retrieval O -- O -deficit O -for O -a O -passive O -avoidance O -task O -induced O -in O -rats O -and O -mice O -by O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -or O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -administered O -immediately O -after O -acquisition O -; O -( O -5 O -) O -reversal O -, O -when O -administered O -as O -late O -as O -1 O -h O -before O -the O -retention O -test O -, O -of O -the O -deficit O -in O -retention O -or O -retrieval O -of O -a O -passive O -avoidance O -task O -induced O -by O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -injected O -2 O -days O -previously O -; O -( O -6 O -) O -prevention O -of O -the O -deficit O -in O -the O -retrieval O -of O -an O -active O -avoidance O -task O -induced O -in O -mice O -by O -subconvulsant O -electroshock O -or O -hypercapnia O -applied O -immediately O -before O -retrieval O -testing O -( O -24 O -h O -after O -acquisition O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -improvements O -or O -normalizations O -of O -impaired O -cognitive O -functions O -were O -seen O -at O -oral O -aniracetam B-Chemical -doses O -of O -10 O -- O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Generally O -, O -the O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -were O -bell O -- O -shaped O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanisms O -underlying O -the O -activity O -of O -aniracetam B-Chemical -and O -its O -' O -therapeutic O -window O -' O -are O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -Piracetam B-Chemical -, O -another O -pyrrolidinone B-Chemical -derivative O -was O -used O -for O -comparison O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -active O -only O -in O -six O -of O -nine O -tests O -and O -had O -about O -one O -- O -tenth O -the O -potency O -of O -aniracetam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -aniracetam B-Chemical -improves O -cognitive O -functions O -which O -are O -impaired O -by O -different O -procedure O -and O -in O -different O -phases O -of O -the O -learning O -and O -memory O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -on O -gross O -behavioural O -changes O -produced O -by O -carbachol B-Chemical -and O -eserine B-Chemical -in O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -injected O -into O -the O -cerebral O -ventricles O -of O -group O -- O -housed O -unanaesthetized O -cats O -upon O -vocalization O -( O -rage O -, O -hissing O -and O -snarling O -) O -, O -fighting O -( O -attack O -with O -paws O -and O -claws O -, O -defense O -with O -paws O -and O -claws O -and O -biting O -) O -, O -mydriasis O -, O -tremor O -and O -clonic O -- O -tonic O -convulsions O -produced O -by O -carbachol B-Chemical -and O -eserine B-Chemical -injected O -similarly O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -depressed O -or O -almost O -completely O -abolished O -the O -vocalization O -and O -fighting O -due O -to O -carbachol B-Chemical -and O -eserine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -mydriasis O -, O -tremor O -and O -clonic O -- O -tonic O -convulsions O -evoked O -by O -carbachol B-Chemical -and O -eserine B-Chemical -were O -not O -significantly O -changed O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -apparent O -that O -calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -can O -" O -dissociate O -" O -vocalization O -and O -fighting O -from O -autonomic O -and O -motor O -phenomena O -such O -as O -mydriasis O -, O -tremor O -and O -clonic O -- O -tonic O -convulsions O -caused O -by O -carbachol B-Chemical -and O -eserine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -vocalization O -and O -fighting O -produced O -by O -carbachol B-Chemical -and O -eserine B-Chemical -most O -probably O -by O -a O -nonspecific O -stabilizing O -action O -on O -central O -muscarinic O -cholinoceptive O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -further O -support O -the O -view O -that O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -in O -excess O -have O -an O -atropine B-Chemical -- O -like O -action O -also O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Thiazide B-Chemical -diuretics O -, O -hypokalemia O -and O -cardiac O -arrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -Thiazide B-Chemical -diuretics O -are O -widely O -accepted O -as O -the O -cornerstone O -of O -antihypertensive O -treatment O -programs O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypokalemia O -is O -a O -commonly O -encountered O -metabolic O -consequence O -of O -chronic O -thiazide B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -treated O -38 O -patients O -( O -22 O -low O -renin O -, O -16 O -normal O -renin O -) O -with O -moderate O -diastolic O -hypertension O -with O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -( O -HCTC B-Chemical -) O -administered O -on O -a O -twice O -daily O -schedule O -. O - -aps B-category -Initial O -dose O -was O -50 O -mg O -and O -the O -dose O -was O -increased O -at O -monthly O -intervals O -to O -100 O -mg O -, O -150 O -mg O -and O -200 O -mg O -daily O -until O -blood O -pressure O -normalized O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serum O -K B-Chemical -during O -the O -control O -period O -was O -4 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -mEq O -/ O -l O -an O -on O -50 O -, O -100 O -, O -150 O -and O -200 O -mg O -HCTZ B-Chemical -daily O -3 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -3 O -, O -3 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -, O -2 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -, O -and O -2 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -3 O -mEq O -/ O -l O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Corresponding O -figures O -for O -whole O -body O -K B-Chemical -were O -4107 O -+ O -/ O -- O -208 O -, O -3722 O -+ O -/ O -- O -319 O -, O -3628 O -+ O -/ O -- O -257 O -, O -3551 O -+ O -/ O -- O -336 O -, O -and O -3269 O -+ O -/ O -- O -380 O -mEq O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -13 O -patients O -we O -observed O -the O -effects O -of O -HCTZ B-Chemical -therapy O -( O -100 O -mg O -daily O -) O -on O -the O -occurrence O -of O -PVC O -' O -s O -during O -rest O -as O -well O -as O -during O -static O -and O -dynamic O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -rest O -we O -observed O -0 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -08 O -PVC O -beats O -/ O -min O -+ O -/ O -- O -SEM O -and O -during O -static O -and O -dynamic O -exercise O -0 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -06 O -and O -0 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -15 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Corresponding O -figures O -during O -HCTZ B-Chemical -therapy O -100 O -mg O -daily O -were O -1 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -1 O -, O -3 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -and O -5 O -. O -7 O -4 O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -8 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -occurrence O -of O -PVC O -' O -s O -correlated O -significantly O -with O -the O -fall O -in O -serum O -K B-Chemical -+ O -observed O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -72 O -, O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -we O -found O -that O -thiazide B-Chemical -diuretics O -cause O -hypokalemia O -and O -depletion O -of O -body O -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -more O -profound O -hypokalemia O -, O -the O -greater O -the O -propensity O -for O -the O -occurrence O -of O -PVC O -' O -s O -. O - -aps B-category -Circulating O -lysosomal O -enzymes O -and O -acute O -hepatic O -necrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -the O -lysosomal O -enzymes O -acid O -and O -neutral O -protease O -, O -N O -- O -acetylglucosaminidase O -, O -and O -acid O -phosphatase O -were O -measured O -in O -the O -serum O -of O -patients O -with O -fulminant O -hepatic O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -protease O -( O -cathepsin O -D O -) O -activity O -was O -increased O -about O -tenfold O -in O -patients O -who O -died O -and O -nearly O -fourfold O -in O -those O -who O -survived O -fulminant O -hepatic O -failure O -after O -paracetamol B-Chemical -overdose O -, O -whereas O -activities O -were O -increased O -equally O -in O -patients O -with O -fulminant O -hepatic O -failure O -due O -to O -viral O -hepatitis O -whether O -or O -not O -they O -survived O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -correlation O -was O -found O -between O -serum O -acid O -protease O -activity O -and O -prothrombin O -time O -, O -and O -the O -increase O -in O -cathepsin O -D O -activity O -was O -sustained O -over O -several O -days O -compared O -with O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -which O -showed O -a O -sharp O -early O -peak O -and O -then O -a O -fall O -. O - -aps B-category -Circulating O -lysosomal O -proteases O -can O -damage O -other O -organs O -, O -and O -measurement O -of O -their O -activity O -may O -therefore O -be O -of O -added O -value O -in O -assessing O -prognosis O -in O -this O -condition O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -veno O -- O -occlusive O -disease O -caused O -by O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thioguanine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clinically O -reversible O -veno O -- O -occlusive O -disease O -of O -the O -liver O -developed O -in O -a O -23 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -with O -acute O -lymphocytic O -leukemia O -after O -10 O -months O -of O -maintenance O -therapy O -with O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thioguanine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Serial O -liver O -biopsies O -showed O -the O -development O -and O -resolution O -of O -intense O -sinusoidal O -engorgement O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -this O -disease O -was O -clinically O -reversible O -, O -some O -subintimal O -fibrosis O -about O -the O -terminal O -hepatic O -veins O -persisted O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -presented O -a O -unique O -opportunity O -to O -observe O -the O -histologic O -features O -of O -clinically O -reversible O -hepatic O -veno O -- O -occlusive O -disease O -over O -time O -, O -and O -may O -be O -the O -first O -case O -of O -veno O -- O -occlusive O -related O -solely O -to O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thioguanine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Chlorpropamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -optic O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -65 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -adult O -- O -onset O -diabetes O -treated O -with O -chlorpropamide B-Chemical -( O -Diabenese B-Chemical -) O -had O -a O -toxic O -optic O -neuropathy O -that O -resolved O -with O -discontinuation O -of O -chlorpropamide B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Visual O -loss O -occurs O -in O -diabetics O -for O -a O -variety O -of O -reasons O -, O -and O -accurate O -diagnosis O -is O -necessary O -to O -institute O -appropriate O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -of O -a O -drug O -- O -induced O -optic O -neuropathy O -should O -be O -considered O -in O -the O -differential O -diagnosis O -of O -visual O -loss O -in O -diabetics O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -and O -urinary O -lipids O -and O -lipoproteins O -during O -the O -development O -of O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -induced O -in O -the O -rat O -by O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -undertaken O -to O -ascertain O -whether O -the O -alterations O -of O -plasma O -lipoproteins O -found O -in O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -induced O -by O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -were O -due O -to O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -per O -se O -, O -or O -, O -at O -least O -in O -part O -, O -to O -the O -aminonucleoside B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -the O -present O -study O -was O -to O -investigate O -the O -changes O -in O -plasma O -and O -urinary O -lipoproteins O -during O -the O -administration O -of O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -( O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -for O -7 O -days O -) O -and O -the O -subsequent O -development O -of O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -massive O -albuminuria O -occurred O -after O -6 O -days O -of O -treatment O -, O -the O -time O -- O -course O -study O -was O -divided O -into O -two O -stages O -: O -pre O -- O -nephrotic O -stage O -( O -day O -1 O -- O -5 O -) O -and O -nephrotic O -stage O -( O -day O -6 O -- O -11 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -pre O -- O -nephrotic O -stage O -the O -plasma O -level O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -triacylglycerol B-Chemical -and O -VLDL O -decreased O -while O -that O -of O -phospholipid O -, O -cholesteryl B-Chemical -esters I-Chemical -and O -HDL O -remained O -constant O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -apolipoprotein O -A O -- O -I O -tended O -to O -increase O -( O -40 O -% O -increase O -at O -day O -5 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -beginning O -of O -nephrotic O -stage O -( O -day O -6 O -) O -the O -concentration O -of O -plasma O -albumin O -dropped O -to O -a O -very O -low O -level O -, O -while O -that O -of O -apolipoprotein O -A O -- O -I O -increased O -abruptly O -( O -4 O -- O -fold O -increase O -) O -and O -continued O -to O -rise O -, O -although O -less O -steeply O -, O -in O -the O -following O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -plasma O -concentration O -of O -HDL O -followed O -the O -same O -pattern O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -VLDL O -and O -LDL O -increased O -at O -a O -later O -stage O -( O -day O -9 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -apolipoprotein O -A O -- O -I O -was O -found O -not O -only O -in O -HDL O -( O -1 O -. O -063 O -- O -1 O -. O -210 O -g O -/ O -ml O -) O -but O -also O -in O -the O -LDL O -density O -class O -( O -1 O -. O -025 O -- O -1 O -. O -050 O -g O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -pre O -- O -nephrotic O -stage O -lipoproteinuria O -was O -negligible O -, O -while O -in O -the O -early O -nephrotic O -stage O -the O -urinary O -loss O -of O -plasma O -lipoproteins O -consisted O -mainly O -of O -HDL O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -indicate O -that O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -alters O -plasma O -lipoproteins O -by O -lowering O -VLDL O -and O -increasing O -HDL O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -likely O -that O -the O -early O -and O -striking O -increase O -of O -plasma O -HDL O -found O -in O -nephrotic O -rats O -is O -related O -to O -a O -direct O -effect O -of O -the O -drug O -on O -HDL O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Fatal O -aplastic O -anemia O -following O -topical O -administration O -of O -ophthalmic O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -73 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -died O -of O -aplastic O -anemia O -less O -than O -two O -months O -after O -undergoing O -cataract O -extraction O -and O -beginning O -topical O -therapy O -with O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -signs O -of O -pancytopenia O -began O -within O -one O -month O -of O -the O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pattern O -of O -the O -aplastic O -anemia O -was O -associated O -with O -an O -idiosyncratic O -response O -to O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -the O -second O -report O -of O -fatal O -aplastic O -anemia O -after O -topical O -treatment O -with O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -for O -ocular O -conditions O -, O -although O -two O -cases O -of O -reversible O -bone O -marrow O -hypoplasia O -have O -also O -been O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Any O -other O -suspected O -cases O -of O -ocular O -toxicity O -associated O -with O -topically O -applied O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -should O -be O -reported O -to O -the O -National O -Registry O -of O -Drug O -- O -Induced O -Ocular O -Side O -Effects O -, O -Oregon O -Health O -Sciences O -University O -, O -Portland O -, O -OR O -97201 O -. O - -aps B-category -Midazolam B-Chemical -compared O -with O -thiopentone B-Chemical -as O -an O -induction O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -premedicated O -with O -scopolamine B-Chemical -+ O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -+ O -5 O -mg O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -the O -evening O -before O -surgery O -) O -, O -the O -sleep O -- O -inducing O -effect O -of O -midazolam B-Chemical -0 O -. O -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -was O -clearly O -slower O -in O -onset O -than O -that O -of O -thiopentone B-Chemical -4 O -. O -67 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -Somewhat O -fewer O -cardiovascular O -and O -local O -sequelae O -were O -found O -in O -the O -midazolam B-Chemical -group O -, O -but O -, O -although O -apnoea O -occurred O -less O -often O -in O -the O -midazolam B-Chemical -group O -it O -lasted O -longer O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -whole O -, O -the O -differences O -between O -midazolam B-Chemical -and O -thiopentone B-Chemical -had O -no O -apparent O -clinical O -consequences O -. O - -aps B-category -Midazolam B-Chemical -is O -a O -new O -alternative O -agent O -for O -induction O -in O -combination O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Extrapyramidal O -side O -effects O -and O -oral O -haloperidol B-Chemical -: O -an O -analysis O -of O -explanatory O -patient O -and O -treatment O -characteristics O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -extrapyramidal O -side O -effects O -( O -EPS O -) O -was O -evaluated O -in O -98 O -patients O -treated O -with O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -parkinsonism O -was O -higher O -at O -higher O -doses O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -in O -younger O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Prophylactic O -antiparkinsonian O -medication O -was O -effective O -in O -younger O -but O -not O -in O -older O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -these O -medications O -were O -more O -effective O -in O -both O -young O -and O -old O -patients O -when O -given O -after O -parkinsonism O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -Akathisia O -was O -controlled O -by O -the O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -lorazepam B-Chemical -in O -14 O -out O -of O -16 O -patients O -, O -while O -prophylactic O -antiparkinsonians O -were O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -points O -to O -patient O -characteristics O -that O -may O -be O -of O -significance O -in O -the O -development O -of O -EPS O -due O -to O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Deaths O -from O -local O -anesthetic O -- O -induced O -convulsions O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Median O -convulsant O -( O -CD50 O -) O -and O -median O -lethal O -( O -LD50 O -) O -doses O -of O -three O -representative O -local O -anesthetics O -were O -determined O -in O -adult O -mice O -to O -evaluate O -the O -threat O -to O -life O -of O -local O -anesthetic O -- O -induced O -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -CD50 O -and O -LD50 O -, O -respectively O -, O -were O -57 O -. O -7 O -and O -58 O -. O -7 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -for O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -, O -111 O -. O -0 O -and O -133 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -for O -lidocaine B-Chemical -, O -and O -243 O -. O -4 O -and O -266 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -for O -chloroprocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -given O -intraperitoneally O -, O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -thus O -was O -only O -about O -twice O -as O -toxic O -as O -lidocaine B-Chemical -and O -four O -times O -as O -toxic O -as O -chloroprocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Convulsions O -always O -preceded O -death O -, O -except O -after O -precipitous O -cardiopulmonary O -arrest O -from O -extreme O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -CD50 O -dose O -of O -local O -anesthetic O -( O -causing O -convulsions O -in O -50 O -% O -of O -mice O -) O -was O -fatal O -in O -90 O -% O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -, O -in O -57 O -% O -of O -the O -chloroprocaine B-Chemical -group O -, O -and O -in O -6 O -% O -of O -the O -lidocaine B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -narrow O -gap O -between O -convulsant O -and O -lethal O -doses O -of O -local O -anesthetics O -indicates O -that O -untreated O -convulsions O -present O -much O -more O -of O -a O -threat O -to O -life O -than O -heretofore O -appreciated O -. O - -aps B-category -REM O -sleep O -deprivation O -changes O -behavioral O -response O -to O -catecholaminergic O -and O -serotonergic O -receptor O -activation O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -REM O -sleep O -deprivation O -( O -REMD O -) O -on O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -aggressiveness O -and O -quipazine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -head O -twitches O -in O -rats O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -- O -eight O -hr O -of O -REMD O -increased O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -aggressiveness O -, O -and O -reduced O -( O -immediately O -after O -completing O -of O -REMD O -) O -or O -increased O -( O -96 O -hr O -after O -completing O -of O -REMD O -) O -quipazine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -head O -twitches O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -are O -discussed O -in O -terms O -of O -similarity O -to O -pharmacological O -effects O -of O -other O -antidepressive O -treatments O -. O - -aps B-category -Fatal O -aplastic O -anemia O -due O -to O -indomethacin B-Chemical -- O -- O -lymphocyte O -transformation O -tests O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -indomethacin B-Chemical -has O -been O -implicated O -as O -a O -possible O -cause O -of O -aplastic O -anemia O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -a O -few O -clinical O -observations O -, O -its O -role O -has O -not O -been O -definitely O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -fatal O -aplastic O -anemia O -is O -described O -in O -which O -no O -drugs O -other O -than O -allopurinol B-Chemical -and O -indomethacin B-Chemical -were O -given O -. O - -aps B-category -Indomethacin B-Chemical -was O -first O -given O -four O -weeks O -prior O -to O -the O -onset O -of O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -positive O -lymphocyte O -transformation O -test O -with O -indomethacin B-Chemical -in O -vitro O -further O -substantiates O -the O -potential O -role O -of O -this O -drug O -in O -causing O -aplastic O -anemia O -in O -a O -susceptible O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Fortunately O -, O -this O -seems O -to O -be O -a O -very O -rare O -complication O -. O - -aps B-category -Dose O -- O -effect O -and O -structure O -- O -function O -relationships O -in O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -cardiomyopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cardiomyopathy O -( O -CM O -) O -produced O -by O -the O -anticancer O -drug O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -DXR B-Chemical -) O -( O -Adriamycin B-Chemical -) O -provides O -a O -unique O -opportunity O -to O -analyze O -dose O -- O -effect O -and O -structure O -- O -function O -relationships O -during O -development O -of O -myocardial O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -measured O -the O -degree O -of O -morphologic O -damage O -by O -ultrastructural O -examination O -of O -endomyocardial O -biopsy O -and O -the O -degree O -of O -performance O -abnormally O -by O -right O -heart O -catheterization O -in O -patients O -receiving O -DXR B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Morphologic O -damage O -was O -variable O -but O -was O -proportional O -to O -the O -total O -cumulative O -DXR B-Chemical -dose O -between O -100 O -and O -600 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Performance O -abnormalities O -correlated O -weakly O -with O -dose O -, O -exhibited O -a O -curvilinear O -relationship O -, O -and O -had O -a O -" O -threshold O -" O -for O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -Catheterization O -abnormalities O -correlated O -well O -with O -morphologic O -damage O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -57 O -to O -0 O -. O -78 O -) O -in O -a O -subgroup O -of O -patients O -in O -whom O -exercise O -hemodynamics O -were O -measured O -, O -and O -this O -relationship O -also O -exhibited O -a O -curvilinear O -, O -threshold O -configuration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -DXR B-Chemical -- O -CM O -myocardial O -damage O -is O -proportional O -to O -the O -degree O -of O -cytotoxic O -insult O -( O -DXR B-Chemical -dose O -) O -while O -myocardial O -function O -is O -preserved O -until O -a O -critical O -dose O -or O -degree O -of O -damage O -is O -reached O -, O -after O -which O -myocardial O -performance O -deteriorates O -rapidly O -. O - -aps B-category -Massive O -cerebral O -edema O -associated O -with O -fulminant O -hepatic O -failure O -in O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -overdose O -: O -possible O -role O -of O -cranial O -decompression O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -edema O -may O -complicate O -the O -course O -of O -fulminant O -hepatic O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Response O -to O -conventional O -therapy O -has O -been O -disappointing O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -present O -a O -patient O -with O -fatal O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -fulminant O -hepatic O -failure O -, O -with O -signs O -and O -symptoms O -of O -cerebral O -edema O -, O -unresponsive O -to O -conventional O -medical O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Cranial O -decompression O -was O -carried O -out O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -justification O -of O -the O -need O -for O -further O -evaluation O -of O -cranial O -decompression O -in O -such O -patients O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -Subjective O -assessment O -of O -sexual O -dysfunction O -of O -patients O -on O -long O -- O -term O -administration O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -data O -suggest O -that O -male O -patients O -who O -have O -received O -digoxin B-Chemical -on O -a O -longterm O -basis O -have O -increased O -levels O -of O -serum O -estrogen B-Chemical -and O -decreased O -levels O -of O -plasma O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -luteinizing O -hormone O -( O -LH O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -undertaken O -to O -investigate O -the O -links O -between O -the O -long O -- O -term O -administration O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -therapy O -and O -sexual O -behavior O -, O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -on O -plasma O -levels O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -and O -LH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -of O -the O -study O -and O -control O -group O -( O -without O -digoxin B-Chemical -) O -were O -of O -similar O -cardiac O -functional O -capacity O -and O -age O -( O -25 O -- O -40 O -years O -) O -and O -were O -randomly O -selected O -from O -the O -rheumatic O -heart O -disease O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -subjective O -assessment O -of O -sexual O -behavior O -in O -the O -study O -and O -control O -groups O -was O -carried O -out O -, O -using O -parameters O -such O -as O -sexual O -desire O -, O -sexual O -excitement O -, O -and O -frequency O -of O -sexual O -relations O -. O - -aps B-category -Personal O -interviews O -and O -a O -questionnaire O -were O -also O -used O -for O -the O -evaluation O -of O -sexual O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -support O -the O -reports O -concerning O -digoxin B-Chemical -effect O -on O -plasma O -estradiol B-Chemical -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -and O -LH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -differences O -in O -the O -means O -were O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -Tests O -used O -to O -evaluate O -the O -changes O -in O -sexual O -behavior O -showed O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -sexual O -desire O -, O -sexual O -excitement O -phase O -( O -erection O -) O -, O -and O -frequency O -of O -sexual O -relations O -in O -the O -study O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Endometrial O -carcinoma O -after O -Hodgkin O -disease O -in O -childhood O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -34 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -patient O -developed O -metastic O -endometrial O -carcinoma O -after O -Hodgkin O -disease O -in O -childhood O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -had O -ovarian O -failure O -after O -abdominal O -irradiation O -and O -chemotherapy O -for O -Hodgkin O -disease O -, O -and O -received O -exogenous O -estrogens B-Chemical -, O -a O -treatment O -implicated O -in O -the O -development O -of O -endometrial O -cancer O -in O -menopausal O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -Young O -women O -on O -replacement O -estrogens B-Chemical -for O -ovarian O -failure O -after O -cancer O -therapy O -may O -also O -have O -increased O -risk O -of O -endometrial O -carcinoma O -and O -should O -be O -examined O -periodically O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -lithium B-Chemical -treatment O -and O -the O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -Interim O -report O -on O -fifty O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -a O -report O -on O -the O -first O -part O -of O -our O -study O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -long O -- O -term O -lithium B-Chemical -treatment O -on O -the O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -Creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -, O -maximum O -urinary O -osmolality O -and O -24 O -hour O -urine O -volume O -have O -been O -tested O -in O -50 O -affectively O -ill O -patients O -who O -have O -been O -on O -long O -- O -term O -lithium B-Chemical -for O -more O -than O -one O -year O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -have O -been O -compared O -with O -norms O -and O -with O -values O -of O -the O -same O -tests O -from O -screening O -prior O -to O -lithium B-Chemical -, O -available O -for O -most O -of O -our O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -evidence O -was O -found O -for O -any O -reduction O -of O -glomerular O -filtration O -during O -lithium B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -clearance O -values O -found O -in O -several O -patients O -could O -be O -accounted O -for O -by O -their O -age O -and O -their O -pre O -- O -lithium B-Chemical -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -concentration O -defect O -appeared O -frequent O -but O -the O -extent O -of O -the O -impairment O -is O -difficult O -to O -assess O -because O -of O -the O -uncertainty O -about O -the O -norms O -applicable O -to O -this O -group O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -defect O -appeared O -reversible O -, O -at O -least O -in O -part O -. O - -aps B-category -Polyuria O -above O -3 O -litres O -/ O -24 O -hours O -was O -found O -in O -10 O -% O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -attempt O -is O -made O -to O -draw O -practical O -conclusions O -from O -the O -preliminary O -findings O -. O - -aps B-category -Nephrotoxicity O -of O -cyclosporin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -and O -FK506 B-Chemical -: O -inhibition O -of O -calcineurin O -phosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclosporin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -( O -CsA B-Chemical -; O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -Fujimycine B-Chemical -( O -FK506 B-Chemical -; O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -but O -not O -the O -related O -macrolide B-Chemical -immunosuppressant O -rapamycin B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -caused O -a O -reduction O -of O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -, O -degenerative O -changes O -of O -proximal O -tubular O -epithelium O -, O -and O -hypertrophy O -of O -the O -juxtaglomerular O -apparatus O -in O -male O -Wistar O -rats O -when O -given O -for O -10 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -mechanisms O -of O -CsA B-Chemical -and O -FK506 B-Chemical -toxicity O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclophilin O -A O -and O -FK506 B-Chemical -- O -binding O -protein O -, O -the O -main O -intracytoplasmic O -receptors O -for O -CsA B-Chemical -and O -FK506 B-Chemical -, O -respectively O -, O -were O -each O -detected O -in O -renal O -tissue O -extract O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -kidney O -, O -high O -levels O -of O -immunoreactive O -and O -enzymatically O -active O -calcineurin O -were O -found O -which O -were O -inhibited O -by O -the O -immunosuppressants O -CsA B-Chemical -and O -FK506 B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -by O -rapamycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -specific O -immunophilin O -- O -drug O -- O -calcineurin O -complexes O -formed O -only O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -CsA B-Chemical -and O -FK506 B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -rapamycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -nephrotoxic O -effects O -of O -CsA B-Chemical -and O -FK506 B-Chemical -is O -likely O -mediated O -through O -binding O -to O -renal O -immunophilin O -and O -inhibiting O -calcineurin O -phosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -renal O -failure O -in O -high O -dose O -carboplatin B-Chemical -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Carboplatin B-Chemical -has O -been O -reported O -to O -cause O -acute O -renal O -failure O -when O -administered O -in O -high O -doses O -to O -adult O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -4 O -1 O -/ O -2 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -girl O -who O -was O -treated O -with O -high O -- O -dose O -carboplatin B-Chemical -for O -metastatic O -parameningeal O -embryonal O -rhabdomyosarcoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -renal O -failure O -developed O -followed O -by O -a O -slow O -partial O -recovery O -of O -renal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -contributing O -factors O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -evaluation O -on O -combined O -administration O -of O -oral O -prostacyclin B-Chemical -analogue O -beraprost B-Chemical -and O -phosphodiesterase O -inhibitor O -cilostazol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -various O -oral O -antiplatelets O -, O -a O -combination O -of O -a O -novel O -prostacyclin B-Chemical -analogue O -beraprost B-Chemical -( O -BPT B-Chemical -) O -and O -a O -potent O -phosphodiesterase O -inhibitor O -cilostazol B-Chemical -( O -CLZ B-Chemical -) O -may O -result O -in O -untoward O -clinical O -effects O -due O -to O -possible O -synergistic O -elevation O -of O -intracellular O -cAMP B-Chemical -( O -cyclic B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thereby O -, O -a O -clinical O -study O -of O -the O -combined O -administration O -of O -the O -two O -agents O -was O -attempted O -. O - -aps B-category -Twelve O -healthy O -volunteers O -were O -assigned O -to O -take O -BPT B-Chemical -/ O -CLZ B-Chemical -in O -the O -following O -schedule O -; O -BPT B-Chemical -: O -40 O -micrograms O -at O -day O -1 O -and O -120 O -micrograms O -t O -. O -i O -. O -d O -. O -from O -day O -7 O -to O -14 O -, O -CLZ B-Chemical -: O -200 O -mg O -t O -. O -i O -. O -d O -. O -from O -day O -3 O -to O -14 O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -various O -time O -intervals O -, O -physical O -examination O -and O -blood O -collection O -for O -ex O -vivo O -platelet O -aggregation O -and O -determination O -of O -intraplatelet O -cAMP B-Chemical -were O -performed O -. O - -aps B-category -Throughout O -the O -observation O -period O -, O -no O -significant O -alteration O -in O -vital O -signs O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -out O -of O -12 O -subjects O -experienced O -headache O -of O -a O -short O -duration O -accompanying O -facial O -flush O -in O -one O -and O -nausea O -in O -one O -, O -especially O -after O -ingestion O -of O -CLZ B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -of O -these O -symptoms O -, O -probably O -caused O -by O -the O -vasodilating O -effect O -of O -the O -two O -agents O -, O -were O -of O -mild O -degree O -and O -no O -special O -treatment O -was O -required O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraplatelet O -cAMP B-Chemical -content O -was O -gradually O -but O -significantly O -increased O -to O -9 O -. O -84 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -59 O -pmol O -per O -10 O -( O -9 O -) O -platelets O -at O -day O -14 O -in O -comparison O -with O -the O -initial O -value O -( O -6 O -. O -87 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -25 O -pmol O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -platelet O -aggregability O -was O -significantly O -suppressed O -at O -various O -time O -intervals O -but O -no O -additive O -or O -synergistic O -inhibitory O -effect O -by O -the O -combined O -administration O -was O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -the O -combined O -administration O -of O -BPT B-Chemical -/ O -CLZ B-Chemical -is O -safe O -at O -doses O -used O -in O -the O -study O -, O -though O -the O -beneficial O -clinical O -effect O -of O -the O -combined O -administration O -has O -yet O -to O -be O -elucidated O -. O - -aps B-category -Pravastatin B-Chemical -- O -associated O -myopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Report O -of O -a O -case O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -acute O -inflammatory O -myopathy O -associated O -with O -the O -use O -of O -pravastatin B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -hydrophilic O -3 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -3 O -methylglutaril O -coenzyme O -A O -reductase O -inhibitor O -, O -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -, O -a O -69 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -was O -affected O -by O -non O -- O -insulin O -- O -dependent O -diabetes O -mellitus O -and O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -assumed O -pravastatin B-Chemical -( O -20 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -because O -of O -hypercholesterolemia O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -was O -admitted O -with O -acute O -myopathy O -of O -the O -lower O -limbs O -which O -resolved O -in O -a O -few O -days O -after O -pravastatin B-Chemical -discontinuation O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -previously O -unknown O -hypothyroidism O -, O -probably O -due O -to O -chronic O -autoimmune O -thyroiditis O -, O -was O -evidenced O -. O - -aps B-category -Muscle O -biopsy O -( O -left O -gastrocnemius O -) O -revealed O -a O -perimysial O -and O -endomysial O -inflammatory O -infiltrate O -with O -a O -prevalence O -of O -CD4 O -+ O -lymphocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -lovastatin B-Chemical -and O -simvastatin B-Chemical -have O -been O -associated O -with O -toxic O -myopathy O -, O -pravastatin B-Chemical -- O -associated O -myopathy O -could O -represent O -a O -distinct O -, O -inflammatory O -entity O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversal O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -coma O -in O -rats O -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -: O -a O -peripheral O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Ammonia B-Chemical -coma O -was O -produced O -in O -rats O -within O -10 O -to O -15 O -minutes O -of O -an O -intraperitonealinjection O -of O -1 O -. O -7 O -mmol O -NH4CL B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -coma O -was O -prevented O -with O -1 O -. O -68 O -mmol O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -given O -by O -gastric O -intubation O -15 O -minutes O -before O -the O -ammonium B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -was O -correlated O -with O -a O -decrease O -in O -blood O -and O -brain O -ammonia B-Chemical -, O -an O -increase O -in O -brain O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -an O -increase O -in O -renal O -excretion O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -and O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Intraventricular O -infusion O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -sufficient O -to O -raise O -the O -brain O -dopamine B-Chemical -to O -the O -same O -extent O -did O -not O -prevent O -the O -ammonia B-Chemical -coma O -nor O -affect O -the O -blood O -and O -brain O -ammonia B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Bilateral O -nephrectomy O -eliminated O -the O -beneficial O -effect O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -on O -blood O -and O -brain O -ammonia B-Chemical -and O -the O -ammonia B-Chemical -coma O -was O -not O -prevented O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -reduction O -in O -blood O -and O -brain O -ammonia B-Chemical -and O -the O -prevention O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -coma O -after O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -, O -can O -be O -accounted O -for O -by O -the O -peripheral O -effect O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -on O -renal O -function O -rather O -than O -its O -central O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -provide O -a O -reasonable O -explanation O -for O -the O -beneficial O -effects O -observed O -in O -some O -encephalopathic O -patients O -receiving O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Etoposide B-Chemical -- O -related O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -occurrence O -of O -a O -myocardial O -infarction O -is O -reported O -after O -chemotherapy O -containing O -etoposide B-Chemical -, O -in O -a O -man O -with O -no O -risk O -factors O -for O -coronary O -heart O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -causal O -mechanisms O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Halogenated O -anesthetics O -form O -liver O -adducts O -and O -antigens O -that O -cross O -- O -react O -with O -halothane B-Chemical -- O -induced O -antibodies O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -halogenated O -anesthetics O -, O -enflurane B-Chemical -and O -isoflurane B-Chemical -, O -have O -been O -associated O -with O -an O -allergic O -- O -type O -hepatic O -injury O -both O -alone O -and O -following O -previous O -exposure O -to O -halothane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Halothane B-Chemical -hepatitis O -appears O -to O -involve O -an O -aberrant O -immune O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -antibody O -response O -to O -a O -protein O -- O -bound O -biotransformation O -product O -( O -trifluoroacetyl B-Chemical -adduct O -) O -has O -been O -detected O -on O -halothane B-Chemical -hepatitis O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -performed O -to O -determine O -cross O -- O -reactivity O -between O -enflurane B-Chemical -and O -isoflurane B-Chemical -with O -the O -hypersensitivity O -induced O -by O -halothane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subcellular O -and O -lobular O -production O -of O -hepatic O -neoantigens O -recognized O -by O -halothane B-Chemical -- O -induced O -antibodies O -following O -enflurane B-Chemical -and O -isoflurane B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -biochemical O -nature O -of O -these O -neoantigens O -was O -investigated O -in O -two O -animal O -models O -. O - -aps B-category -Enflurane B-Chemical -administration O -resulted O -in O -neoantigens O -detected O -in O -both O -the O -microsomal O -and O -cytosolic O -fraction O -of O -liver O -homogenates O -and O -in O -the O -centrilobular O -region O -of O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -same O -liver O -, O -biochemical O -analysis O -detected O -fluorinated O -liver O -adducts O -that O -were O -up O -to O -20 O -- O -fold O -greater O -in O -guinea O -pigs O -than O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -supports O -and O -extends O -previous O -evidence O -for O -a O -mechanism O -by O -which O -enflurane B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -isoflurane B-Chemical -could O -produce O -a O -hypersensitivity O -condition O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -hepatitis O -either O -alone O -or O -subsequent O -to O -halothane B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -guinea O -pig O -would O -appear O -to O -be O -a O -useful O -model O -for O -further O -investigations O -of O -the O -immunological O -response O -to O -these O -antigens O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholinergic O -toxicity O -resulting O -from O -ocular O -instillation O -of O -echothiophate B-Chemical -iodide I-Chemical -eye O -drops O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -patient O -developed O -a O -severe O -cholinergic O -syndrome O -from O -the O -use O -of O -echothiophate B-Chemical -iodide I-Chemical -ophthalmic O -drops O -, O -presented O -with O -profound O -muscle O -weakness O -and O -was O -initially O -given O -the O -diagnosis O -of O -myasthenia O -gravis O -. O - -aps B-category -Red O -blood O -cell O -and O -serum O -cholinesterase O -levels O -were O -severely O -depressed O -and O -symptoms O -resolved O -spontaneously O -following O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -eye O -drops O -. O - -aps B-category -Seizure O -after O -flumazenil B-Chemical -administration O -in O -a O -pediatric O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Flumazenil B-Chemical -is O -a O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonist O -used O -to O -reverse O -sedation O -and O -respiratory O -depression O -induced O -by O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Seizures O -and O -cardiac O -arrhythmias O -have O -complicated O -its O -use O -in O -adult O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Overdose O -patients O -who O -have O -coingested O -tricyclic O -antidepressants O -have O -a O -higher O -risk O -of O -these O -complications O -. O - -aps B-category -Little O -information O -exists O -concerning O -adverse O -effects O -of O -flumazenil B-Chemical -in O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -occurrence O -of O -a O -generalized O -tonic O -- O -clonic O -seizure O -in O -a O -pediatric O -patient O -following O -the O -administration O -of O -flumazenil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Phase O -I O -trial O -of O -13 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cis I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -retinoic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -children O -with O -neuroblastoma O -following O -bone O -marrow O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -Treatment O -of O -neuroblastoma O -cell O -lines O -with O -13 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cis I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -retinoic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -cis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -RA I-Chemical -) O -can O -cause O -sustained O -inhibition O -of O -proliferation O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -cis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -RA I-Chemical -has O -demonstrated O -clinical O -responses O -in O -neuroblastoma O -patients O -, O -it O -may O -be O -effective O -in O -preventing O -relapse O -after O -cytotoxic O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -phase O -I O -trial O -was O -designed O -to O -determine O -the O -maximal O -- O -tolerated O -dosage O -( O -MTD O -) O -, O -toxicities O -, O -and O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -cis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -RA I-Chemical -administered O -on O -an O -intermittent O -schedule O -in O -children O -with O -neuroblastoma O -following O -bone O -marrow O -transplantation O -( O -BMT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -Fifty O -- O -one O -assessable O -patients O -, O -2 O -to O -12 O -years O -of O -age O -, O -were O -treated O -with O -oral O -cis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -RA I-Chemical -administered O -in O -two O -equally O -divided O -doses O -daily O -for O -2 O -weeks O -, O -followed O -by O -a O -2 O -- O -week O -rest O -period O -, O -for O -up O -to O -12 O -courses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -was O -escalated O -from O -100 O -to O -200 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -/ O -d O -until O -dose O -- O -limiting O -toxicity O -( O -DLT O -) O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -intrapatient O -dose O -escalation O -was O -permitted O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -MTD O -of O -cis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -RA I-Chemical -was O -160 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -/ O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -Dose O -- O -limiting O -toxicities O -in O -six O -of O -nine O -patients O -at O -200 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -/ O -d O -included O -hypercalcemia O -( O -n O -= O -3 O -) O -, O -rash O -( O -n O -= O -2 O -) O -, O -and O -anemia O -/ O -thrombocytopenia O -/ O -emesis O -/ O -rash O -( O -n O -= O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -toxicities O -resolved O -after O -cis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -RA I-Chemical -was O -discontinued O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -complete O -responses O -were O -observed O -in O -marrow O -metastases O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -levels O -of O -7 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -0 O -mumol O -/ O -L O -( O -peak O -) O -and O -4 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -8 O -mumol O -/ O -L O -( O -trough O -) O -at O -the O -MTD O -were O -maintained O -during O -14 O -days O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -DLT O -correlated O -with O -serum O -levels O -> O -or O -= O -10 O -mumol O -/ O -L O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -The O -MTD O -of O -cis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -RA I-Chemical -given O -on O -this O -intermittent O -schedule O -was O -160 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -/ O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -levels O -known O -to O -be O -effective O -against O -neuroblastoma O -in O -vitro O -were O -achieved O -at O -this O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -DLT O -included O -hypercalcemia O -, O -and O -may O -be O -predicted O -by O -serum O -cis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -RA I-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Monitoring O -of O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -cis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -RA I-Chemical -levels O -is O -indicated O -in O -future O -trials O -. O - -aps B-category -Time O -dependence O -of O -plasma O -malondialdehyde B-Chemical -, O -oxypurines B-Chemical -, O -and O -nucleosides B-Chemical -during O -incomplete O -cerebral O -ischemia O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Incomplete O -cerebral O -ischemia O -( O -30 O -min O -) O -was O -induced O -in O -the O -rat O -by O -bilaterally O -clamping O -the O -common O -carotid O -arteries O -. O - -aps B-category -Peripheral O -venous O -blood O -samples O -were O -withdrawn O -from O -the O -femoral O -vein O -four O -times O -( O -once O -every O -5 O -min O -) O -before O -ischemia O -( O -0 O -time O -) O -and O -5 O -, O -15 O -, O -and O -30 O -min O -after O -ischemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -extracts O -were O -analyzed O -by O -a O -highly O -sensitive O -high O -- O -performance O -liquid O -chromatographic O -method O -for O -the O -direct O -determination O -of O -malondialdehyde B-Chemical -, O -oxypurines B-Chemical -, O -and O -nucleosides B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -During O -ischemia O -, O -a O -time O -- O -dependent O -increase O -of O -plasma O -oxypurines B-Chemical -and O -nucleosides B-Chemical -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -malondialdehyde B-Chemical -, O -which O -was O -present O -in O -minimal O -amount O -at O -zero O -time O -( O -0 O -. O -058 O -mumol O -/ O -liter O -plasma O -; O -SD O -0 O -. O -015 O -) O -, O -increased O -after O -5 O -min O -of O -ischemia O -, O -resulting O -in O -a O -fivefold O -increase O -after O -30 O -min O -of O -carotid O -occlusion O -( O -0 O -. O -298 O -mumol O -/ O -liter O -plasma O -; O -SD O -0 O -. O -078 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -plasma O -malondialdehyde B-Chemical -was O -also O -recorded O -in O -two O -other O -groups O -of O -animals O -subjected O -to O -the O -same O -experimental O -model O -, O -one O -receiving O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -b O -. O -w O -. O -of O -the O -cyclooxygenase O -inhibitor O -acetylsalicylate B-Chemical -intravenously O -immediately O -before O -ischemia O -, O -the O -other O -receiving O -650 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -b O -. O -w O -. O -of O -the O -hypotensive O -drug O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -at O -a O -flow O -rate O -of O -103 O -microliters O -/ O -min O -intravenously O -during O -ischemia O -, O -although O -in O -this O -latter O -group O -malondialdehyde B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -higher O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -data O -indicate O -that O -the O -determination O -of O -malondialdehyde B-Chemical -, O -oxypurines B-Chemical -, O -and O -nucleosides B-Chemical -in O -peripheral O -blood O -, O -may O -be O -used O -to O -monitor O -the O -metabolic O -alterations O -of O -tissues O -occurring O -during O -ischemic O -phenomena O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Acute O -renal O -toxicity O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -adriamycin B-Chemical -) O -- O -loaded O -cyanoacrylate B-Chemical -nanoparticles O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -loaded O -nanoparticle O -( O -DXNP O -) O -renal O -toxicity O -was O -explored O -in O -both O -normal O -rats O -and O -rats O -with O -experimental O -glomerulonephritis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -normal O -rats O -, O -2 O -/ O -6 O -rats O -given O -free O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -DX B-Chemical -) O -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -died O -within O -one O -week O -, O -whereas O -all O -control O -animals O -and O -all O -rats O -having O -received O -free O -NP O -or O -DXNP O -survived O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -3 O -times O -higher O -proteinuria O -appeared O -in O -animals O -treated O -with O -DXNP O -than O -in O -those O -treated O -with O -DX B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Free O -NP O -did O -not O -provoke O -any O -proteinuria O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -hr O -post O -- O -injection O -, O -DXNP O -was O -2 O -. O -7 O -times O -more O -concentrated O -in O -kidneys O -than O -free O -DX B-Chemical -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -025 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rats O -with O -immune O -experimental O -glomerulonephritis O -, O -5 O -/ O -6 O -rats O -given O -DX B-Chemical -died O -within O -7 O -days O -, O -in O -contrast O -to O -animals O -treated O -by O -DXNP O -, O -NP O -, O -or O -untreated O -, O -which O -all O -survived O -. O - -aps B-category -Proteinuria O -appeared O -in O -all O -series O -, O -but O -was O -2 O -- O -5 O -times O -more O -intense O -( O -p O -> O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -and O -prolonged O -after O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -treatment O -( O -400 O -- O -700 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -, O -without O -significant O -difference O -between O -DXNP O -and O -DX B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -treated O -by O -unloaded O -NP O -behaved O -as O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -demonstrate O -that O -, O -in O -these O -experimental O -conditions O -, O -DXNP O -killed O -less O -animals O -than O -free O -DX B-Chemical -, O -despite O -of O -an O -enhanced O -renal O -toxicity O -of O -the O -former O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -effects O -( O -better O -survival O -and O -nephrosis O -) O -are O -most O -probably O -related O -to O -an O -enhanced O -capture O -of O -DXNP O -by O -cells O -of O -the O -mononuclear O -phagocyte O -system O -, O -including O -mesangial O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -- O -induced O -bladder O -hyperactivity O -in O -normal O -, O -conscious O -rats O -: O -involvement O -of O -tachykinins B-Chemical -? O - -aps B-category -In O -normal O -conscious O -rats O -investigated O -by O -continuous O -cystometry O -, O -intravesically O -instilled O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -PG I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -facilitated O -micturition O -and O -increased O -basal O -intravesical O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -was O -attenuated O -by O -both O -the O -NK1 O -receptor O -selective O -antagonist O -RP B-Chemical -67 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -580 I-Chemical -and O -the O -NK2 O -receptor O -selective O -antagonist O -SR B-Chemical -48 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -968 I-Chemical -, O -given O -intra O -- O -arterially O -, O -suggesting O -that O -it O -was O -mediated O -by O -stimulation O -of O -both O -NK1 O -and O -NK2 O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Intra O -- O -arterially O -given O -PGE2 B-Chemical -produced O -a O -distinct O -increase O -in O -bladder O -pressure O -before O -initiating O -a O -micturition O -reflex O -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -PG B-Chemical -had O -a O -direct O -contractant O -effect O -on O -the O -detrusor O -smooth O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -intra O -- O -arterial O -PGE2 B-Chemical -could O -not O -be O -blocked O -by O -intra O -- O -arterial O -RP B-Chemical -67 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -580 I-Chemical -or O -SR B-Chemical -48 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -968 I-Chemical -, O -which O -opens O -the O -possibility O -that O -the O -micturition O -reflex O -elicited O -by O -intra O -- O -arterial O -PGE2 B-Chemical -was O -mediated O -by O -pathways O -other O -than O -the O -reflex O -initiated O -when O -the O -PG B-Chemical -was O -given O -intravesically O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -results O -thus O -suggest O -that O -intra O -- O -arterial O -PGE2 B-Chemical -, O -given O -near O -the O -bladder O -, O -may O -initiate O -micturition O -in O -the O -normal O -rat O -chiefly O -by O -directly O -contracting O -the O -smooth O -muscle O -of O -the O -detrusor O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -when O -given O -intravesically O -, O -PGE2 B-Chemical -may O -stimulate O -micturition O -by O -releasing O -tachykinins B-Chemical -from O -nerves O -in O -and O -/ O -or O -immediately O -below O -the O -urothelium O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -tachykinins B-Chemical -, O -in O -turn O -, O -initiate O -a O -micturition O -reflex O -by O -stimulating O -NK1 O -and O -NK2 O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostanoids B-Chemical -may O -, O -via O -release O -of O -tachykinins B-Chemical -, O -contribute O -to O -both O -urge O -and O -bladder O -hyperactivity O -seen O -in O -inflammatory O -conditions O -of O -the O -lower O -urinary O -tract O -. O - -aps B-category -Refractory O -cardiogenic O -shock O -and O -complete O -heart O -block O -after O -verapamil B-Chemical -SR O -and O -metoprolol B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -seventy O -- O -eight O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -presented O -with O -complete O -heart O -block O -and O -refractory O -hypotension O -two O -days O -after O -a O -therapeutic O -dose O -of O -sustained O -- O -release O -verapamil B-Chemical -with O -concomitant O -use O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -continued O -to O -remain O -hypotensive O -with O -complete O -heart O -block O -, O -even O -with O -multiple O -uses O -of O -intravenous O -atropine B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -high O -doses O -of O -pressor O -agents O -such O -as O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -dobutamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -shortly O -after O -the O -use O -of O -intravenous O -calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -, O -the O -refractory O -hypotension O -and O -complete O -heart O -block O -resolved O -. O - -aps B-category -Protective O -effect O -of O -misoprostol B-Chemical -on O -indomethacin B-Chemical -induced O -renal O -dysfunction O -in O -elderly O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -evaluate O -the O -possible O -protective O -effects O -of O -misoprostol B-Chemical -on O -renal O -function O -in O -hospitalized O -elderly O -patients O -treated O -with O -indomethacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Forty O -- O -five O -hospitalized O -elderly O -patients O -( O -> O -65 O -years O -old O -) O -who O -required O -therapy O -with O -nonsteroidal O -antiinflammatory O -drugs O -( O -NSAID O -) O -were O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -receive O -either O -indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -150 O -mg O -/ O -day O -( O -Group O -A O -) O -, O -or O -indomethacin B-Chemical -150 O -mg O -/ O -day O -plus O -misoprostol B-Chemical -at O -0 O -. O -6 O -mg O -/ O -day O -( O -Group O -B O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Laboratory O -variables O -of O -renal O -function O -[ O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -, O -blood B-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -( O -BUN B-Chemical -) O -and O -electrolytes O -] O -were O -evaluated O -before O -initiation O -of O -therapy O -and O -every O -2 O -days O -, O -until O -termination O -of O -the O -study O -( O -a O -period O -of O -at O -least O -6 O -days O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Response O -to O -treatment O -was O -estimated O -by O -the O -visual O -analog O -scale O -for O -severity O -of O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Forty O -- O -two O -patients O -completed O -the O -study O -, O -22 O -in O -Group O -A O -and O -20 O -in O -Group O -B O -. O - -aps B-category -BUN B-Chemical -and O -creatinine B-Chemical -increased O -by O -> O -50 O -% O -of O -baseline O -levels O -in O -54 O -and O -45 O -% O -of O -Group O -A O -patients O -, O -respectively O -, O -compared O -to O -only O -20 O -and O -10 O -% O -of O -Group O -B O -patients O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -( O -K B-Chemical -) O -increment O -of O -0 O -. O -6 O -mEq O -/ O -l O -or O -more O -was O -observed O -in O -50 O -% O -of O -Group O -A O -, O -but O -in O -only O -15 O -% O -of O -Group O -B O -patients O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -increments O -in O -BUN B-Chemical -, O -creatinine B-Chemical -, O -and O -K B-Chemical -were O -reduced O -by O -63 O -, O -80 O -, O -and O -42 O -% O -, O -respectively O -, O -in O -Group O -B O -patients O -compared O -to O -Group O -A O -. O -Response O -to O -treatment O -did O -not O -differ O -significantly O -between O -the O -2 O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Hospitalized O -elderly O -patients O -are O -at O -risk O -for O -developing O -indomethacin B-Chemical -related O -renal O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -misoprostol B-Chemical -can O -minimize O -this O -renal O -impairment O -without O -affecting O -pain O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Cognitive O -deterioration O -from O -long O -- O -term O -abuse O -of O -dextromethorphan B-Chemical -: O -a O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -Dextromethorphan B-Chemical -( O -DM B-Chemical -) O -, O -the O -dextrorotatory O -isomer O -of O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylmorphinan I-Chemical -, O -is O -the O -main O -ingredient O -in O -a O -number O -of O -widely O -available O -, O -over O -- O -the O -- O -counter O -antitussives O -. O - -aps B-category -Initial O -studies O -( O -Bornstein O -1968 O -) O -showed O -that O -it O -possessed O -no O -respiratory O -suppressant O -effects O -and O -no O -addiction O -liability O -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequently O -, O -however O -, O -several O -articles O -reporting O -abuse O -of O -this O -drug O -have O -appeared O -in O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -is O -known O -to O -cause O -a O -variety O -of O -acute O -toxic O -effects O -, O -ranging O -from O -nausea O -, O -restlessness O -, O -insomnia O -, O -ataxia O -, O -slurred O -speech O -and O -nystagmus O -to O -mood O -changes O -, O -perceptual O -alterations O -, O -inattention O -, O -disorientation O -and O -aggressive O -behavior O -( O -Rammer O -et O -al O -1988 O -; O -Katona O -and O -Watson O -1986 O -; O -Isbell O -and O -Fraser O -1953 O -; O -Devlin O -et O -al O -1985 O -; O -McCarthy O -1971 O -; O -Dodds O -and O -Revai O -1967 O -; O -Degkwitz O -1964 O -; O -Hildebrand O -et O -al O -1989 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -have O -also O -been O -two O -reported O -fatalities O -from O -DM B-Chemical -overdoses O -( O -Fleming O -1986 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -there O -are O -no O -reports O -describing O -the O -effects O -of O -chronic O -abuse O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -report O -describes O -a O -case O -of O -cognitive O -deterioration O -resulting O -from O -prolonged O -use O -of O -DM B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -on O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -supply O -and O -demand O -in O -patients O -with O -chronic O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -hemodynamic O -, O -volumetric O -, O -and O -metabolic O -study O -in O -patients O -without O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -digitalis B-Chemical -glycosides I-Chemical -on O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -supply O -and O -demand O -are O -of O -particular O -interest O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -obstructive O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -, O -but O -have O -not O -been O -measured O -previously O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -assessed O -the O -effects O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -015 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -) O -on O -hemodynamic O -, O -volumetric O -, O -and O -metabolic O -parameters O -in O -11 O -patients O -with O -severe O -chronic O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -without O -clinical O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -the O -protocol O -was O -long O -and O -involved O -interventions O -which O -might O -affect O -the O -determinations O -, O -we O -also O -studied O -in O -nine O -patients O -using O -an O -identical O -protocol O -except O -that O -ouabain B-Chemical -administration O -was O -omitted O -. O - -aps B-category -Left O -ventricular O -end O -- O -diastolic O -pressure O -and O -left O -ventricular O -end O -- O -diastolic O -volume O -fell O -in O -each O -patient O -given O -ouabain B-Chemical -, O -even O -though O -they O -were O -initially O -elevated O -in O -only O -two O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Left O -ventricular O -end O -- O -diastolic O -pressure O -fell O -from O -11 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -4 O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SE O -) O -to O -5 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -9 O -mm O -Hg O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -and O -left O -ventricular O -end O -- O -diastolic O -volume O -fell O -from O -100 O -+ O -/ O -- O -17 O -to O -82 O -+ O -/ O -- O -12 O -ml O -/ O -m2 O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -1 O -h O -after O -ouabain B-Chemical -infusion O -was O -completed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -velocity O -of O -contractile O -element O -shortening O -increased O -from O -1 O -. O -68 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -11 O -ml O -/ O -s O -to O -2 O -. O -18 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -21 O -muscle O -- O -lengths O -/ O -s O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -and O -is O -consistent O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -contractility O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -change O -in O -these O -parameters O -occurred O -in O -the O -control O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -change O -in O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -occurred O -after O -ouabain B-Chemical -administration O -but O -this O -may O -be O -related O -to O -a O -greater O -decrease O -in O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -in O -the O -ouabain B-Chemical -patients O -than O -in O -the O -control O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -in O -patients O -with O -chronic O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -who O -are O -not O -in O -clinical O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -left O -ventricular O -end O -- O -diastolic O -volume O -falls O -after O -ouabain B-Chemical -administration O -even O -when O -it O -is O -initially O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -Though O -this O -fall O -would O -be O -associated O -with O -a O -decrease O -in O -wall O -tension O -, O -and O -, O -therefore O -, O -of O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -, O -it O -may O -not O -be O -of O -sufficient O -magnitude O -to O -prevent O -a O -net O -increase O -in O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -. O - -aps B-category -Nevertheless O -, O -compensatory O -mechanisms O -prevent O -a O -deterioration O -of O -resting O -myocardial O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexamethasone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ocular O -hypertension O -in O -perfusion O -- O -cultured O -human O -eyes O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -Glucocorticoid O -administration O -can O -lead O -to O -the O -development O -of O -ocular O -hypertension O -and O -corticosteroid O -glaucoma O -in O -a O -subset O -of O -the O -population O -through O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -aqueous O -humor O -outflow O -facility O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -whether O -glucocorticoid O -treatment O -can O -directly O -affect O -the O -outflow O -facility O -of O -isolated O -, O -perfusion O -- O -cultured O -human O -eyes O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -The O -anterior O -segments O -of O -human O -donor O -eyes O -from O -regional O -eye O -banks O -were O -placed O -in O -a O -constant O -flow O -, O -variable O -pressure O -perfusion O -culture O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Paired O -eyes O -were O -perfused O -in O -serum O -- O -free O -media O -with O -or O -without O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -for O -12 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraocular O -pressure O -was O -monitored O -daily O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -incubation O -, O -the O -eyes O -were O -morphologically O -characterized O -by O -light O -microscopy O -, O -transmission O -and O -scanning O -electron O -microscopy O -, O -and O -scanning O -laser O -confocal O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -A O -significant O -increase O -in O -intraocular O -pressure O -developed O -in O -13 O -of O -the O -44 O -pairs O -of O -eyes O -perfused O -with O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -with O -an O -average O -pressure O -rise O -of O -17 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -8 O -mm O -Hg O -after O -12 O -days O -of O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -contralateral O -control O -eyes O -, O -which O -did O -not O -receive O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -, O -maintained O -a O -stable O -intraocular O -pressure O -during O -the O -same O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -outflow O -pathway O -of O -the O -untreated O -eyes O -appeared O -morphologically O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -the O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -- O -treated O -hypertensive O -eyes O -had O -thickened O -trabecular O -beams O -, O -decreased O -intertrabecular O -spaces O -, O -thickened O -juxtacanalicular O -tissue O -, O -activated O -trabecular O -meshwork O -cells O -, O -and O -increased O -amounts O -of O -amorphogranular O -extracellular O -material O -, O -especially O -in O -the O -juxtacanalicular O -tissue O -and O -beneath O -the O -endothelial O -lining O -of O -the O -canal O -of O -Schlemm O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -- O -treated O -nonresponder O -eyes O -appeared O -to O -be O -morphologically O -similar O -to O -the O -untreated O -eyes O -, O -although O -several O -subtle O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -morphologic O -changes O -were O -evident O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Dexamethasone B-Chemical -treatment O -of O -isolated O -, O -perfusion O -- O -cultured O -human O -eyes O -led O -to O -the O -generation O -of O -ocular O -hypertension O -in O -approximately O -30 O -% O -of O -the O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -- O -treated O -eyes O -. O - -aps B-category -Steroid B-Chemical -treatment O -resulted O -in O -morphologic O -changes O -in O -the O -trabecular O -meshwork O -similar O -to O -those O -reported O -for O -corticosteroid O -glaucoma O -and O -open O -angle O -glaucoma O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -system O -may O -provide O -an O -acute O -model O -in O -which O -to O -study O -the O -pathogenic O -mechanisms O -involved O -in O -steroid O -glaucoma O -and O -primary O -open O -angle O -glaucoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Auditory O -disturbance O -associated O -with O -interscalene O -brachial O -plexus O -block O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -performed O -an O -audiometric O -study O -in O -20 O -patients O -who O -underwent O -surgery O -of O -the O -shoulder O -region O -under O -an O -interscalene O -brachial O -plexus O -block O -( O -IBPB O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Bupivacaine B-Chemical -0 O -. O -75 O -% O -with O -adrenaline B-Chemical -was O -given O -followed O -by O -a O -24 O -- O -hr O -continuous O -infusion O -of O -0 O -. O -25 O -% O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -audiometric O -threshold O -measurements O -( O -0 O -. O -25 O -- O -18 O -kHz O -) O -were O -made O -: O -the O -first O -before O -IBPB O -, O -the O -second O -2 O -- O -6 O -h O -after O -surgery O -and O -the O -third O -on O -the O -first O -day O -after O -operation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -four O -patients O -hearing O -impairment O -on O -the O -side O -of O -the O -block O -was O -demonstrated O -after O -operation O -, O -in O -three O -measurements O -on O -the O -day O -of O -surgery O -and O -in O -one O -on O -the O -following O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -frequencies O -at O -which O -the O -impairment O -occurred O -varied O -between O -patients O -; O -in O -one O -only O -low O -frequencies O -( O -0 O -. O -25 O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -kHz O -) O -were O -involved O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -change O -in O -threshold O -was O -35 O -dB O -at O -6 O -kHz O -measured O -at O -the O -end O -of O -the O -continuous O -infusion O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -patient O -had O -hearing O -threshold O -changes O -( O -15 O -- O -20 O -dB O -) O -at O -6 O -- O -10 O -kHz O -on O -the O -opposite O -side O -also O -. O - -aps B-category -IBPB O -may O -cause O -transient O -auditory O -dysfunction O -in O -the O -ipsilateral O -ear O -, O -possibly O -via O -an O -effect O -on O -sympathetic O -innervation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -safety O -and O -efficacy O -of O -combination O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -butyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxynojirimycin I-Chemical -( O -SC B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -48334 I-Chemical -) O -and O -zidovudine B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -HIV O -- O -1 O -infection O -and O -200 O -- O -500 O -CD4 O -cells O -/ O -mm3 O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conducted O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -randomized O -phase O -II O -study O -to O -evaluate O -the O -safety O -and O -activity O -of O -combination O -therapy O -with O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -butyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxynojirimycin I-Chemical -( O -SC B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -48334 I-Chemical -) O -( O -an O -alpha O -- O -glucosidase O -I O -inhibitor O -) O -and O -zidovudine B-Chemical -versus O -zidovudine B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -200 O -to O -500 O -CD4 O -cells O -/ O -mm3 O -who O -tolerated O -< O -or O -= O -12 O -weeks O -of O -prior O -zidovudine B-Chemical -therapy O -received O -SC B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -48334 I-Chemical -( O -1000 O -mg O -every O -8 O -h O -) O -and O -zidovudine B-Chemical -( O -100 O -mg O -every O -8 O -h O -) O -or O -zidovudine B-Chemical -and O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Sixty O -patients O -received O -combination O -therapy O -and O -58 O -, O -zidovudine B-Chemical -and O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -three O -patients O -( O -38 O -% O -) O -and O -15 O -( O -26 O -% O -) O -, O -in O -the O -combination O -and O -zidovudine B-Chemical -groups O -, O -respectively O -, O -discontinued O -therapy O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -15 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -SC B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -48334 I-Chemical -steady O -- O -state O -trough O -level O -( O -4 O -. O -04 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -99 O -micrograms O -/ O -ml O -) O -was O -below O -the O -in O -vitro O -inhibitory O -concentration O -for O -human O -immunodeficiency O -virus O -( O -HIV O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -increase O -in O -CD4 O -cells O -at O -week O -4 O -was O -73 O -. O -8 O -cells O -/ O -mm3 O -and O -52 O -. O -4 O -cells O -/ O -mm3 O -for O -the O -combination O -and O -zidovudine B-Chemical -groups O -, O -respectively O -( O -p O -> O -0 O -. O -36 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -patients O -with O -prior O -zidovudine B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -the O -mean O -change O -in O -CD4 O -cells O -in O -the O -combination O -and O -zidovudine B-Chemical -groups O -was O -63 O -. O -7 O -cells O -/ O -mm3 O -and O -4 O -. O -9 O -cells O -/ O -mm3 O -at O -week O -8 O -and O -6 O -. O -8 O -cells O -/ O -mm3 O -and O -- O -45 O -. O -1 O -cells O -/ O -mm3 O -at O -week O -16 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -patients O -with O -suppression O -of O -HIV O -p24 O -antigenemia O -in O -the O -combination O -and O -zidovudine B-Chemical -groups O -was O -six O -( O -40 O -% O -) O -and O -two O -( O -11 O -% O -) O -at O -week O -4 O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -10 O -) O -and O -five O -( O -45 O -% O -) O -and O -two O -( O -14 O -% O -) O -at O -week O -24 O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -08 O -) O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Diarrhea O -, O -flatulence O -, O -abdominal O -pain O -, O -and O -weight O -loss O -were O -common O -for O -combination O -recipients O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Prolonged O -paralysis O -due O -to O -nondepolarizing B-Chemical -neuromuscular I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -agents I-Chemical -and O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -long O -- O -term O -use O -of O -nondepolarizing B-Chemical -neuromuscular I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -agents I-Chemical -( O -ND B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NMBA I-Chemical -) O -has O -recently O -been O -implicated O -as O -a O -cause O -of O -prolonged O -muscle O -weakness O -, O -although O -the O -site O -of O -the O -lesion O -and O -the O -predisposing O -factors O -have O -been O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -3 O -patients O -( O -age O -37 O -- O -52 O -years O -) O -with O -acute O -respiratory O -insufficiency O -who O -developed O -prolonged O -weakness O -following O -the O -discontinuation O -of O -ND B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NMBAs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -also O -received O -intravenous O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -function O -was O -normal O -but O -hepatic O -function O -was O -impaired O -in O -all O -patients O -, O -and O -all O -had O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrophysiologic O -studies O -revealed O -low O -amplitude O -compound O -motor O -action O -potentials O -, O -normal O -sensory O -studies O -, O -and O -fibrillations O -. O - -aps B-category -Repetitive O -stimulation O -at O -2 O -Hz O -showed O -a O -decremental O -response O -in O -2 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serum O -vecuronium B-Chemical -level O -measured O -in O -1 O -patient O -14 O -days O -after O -the O -drug O -had O -been O -discontinued O -was O -172 O -ng O -/ O -mL O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -muscle O -biopsy O -in O -this O -patient O -showed O -loss O -of O -thick O -, O -myosin O -filaments O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -weakness O -in O -these O -patients O -is O -due O -to O -pathology O -at O -both O -the O -neuromuscular O -junction O -( O -most O -likely O -due O -to O -ND B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NMBA I-Chemical -) O -and O -muscle O -( O -most O -likely O -due O -to O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -dysfunction O -and O -acidosis O -are O -contributing O -risk O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -Failure O -of O -ancrod O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -arterial O -thrombosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -morbidity O -and O -mortality O -associated O -with O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombosis O -remain O -high O -despite O -numerous O -empirical O -therapies O -. O - -aps B-category -Ancrod O -has O -been O -used O -successfully O -for O -prophylaxis O -against O -development O -of O -thrombosis O -in O -patients O -with O -heparin B-Chemical -induced O -platelet O -aggregation O -who O -require O -brief O -reexposure O -to O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -but O -its O -success O -in O -patients O -who O -have O -developed O -the O -thrombosis O -syndrome O -is O -not O -well O -defined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -present O -a O -case O -of O -failure O -of O -ancrod O -treatment O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Water O -intoxication O -associated O -with O -oxytocin B-Chemical -administration O -during O -saline O -- O -induced O -abortion O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -cases O -of O -water O -intoxication O -in O -connection O -with O -oxytocin B-Chemical -administration O -during O -saline O -- O -induced O -abortions O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -water O -intoxication O -is O -discussed O -in O -regard O -to O -these O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxytocin B-Chemical -administration O -during O -midtrimester O -- O -induced O -abortions O -is O -advocated O -only O -if O -it O -can O -be O -carried O -out O -under O -careful O -observations O -of O -an O -alert O -nursing O -staff O -, O -aware O -of O -the O -symptoms O -of O -water O -intoxication O -and O -instructed O -to O -watch O -the O -diuresis O -and O -report O -such O -early O -signs O -of O -the O -syndrome O -as O -asthenia O -, O -muscular O -irritability O -, O -or O -headaches O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxytocin B-Chemical -should O -be O -given O -only O -in O -Ringers O -lactate B-Chemical -or O -, O -alternately O -, O -in O -Ringers O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -a O -5 O -per O -cent O -dextrose B-Chemical -and O -water O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -urinary O -output O -should O -be O -monitored O -and O -the O -oxytocin B-Chemical -administration O -discontinued O -and O -the O -serum O -electrolytes O -checked O -if O -the O -urinary O -output O -decreases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxytocin B-Chemical -should O -not O -be O -administered O -in O -excess O -of O -36 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -the O -patient O -has O -not O -aborted O -by O -then O -the O -oxytocin B-Chemical -should O -be O -discontinued O -for O -10 O -to O -12 O -hours O -in O -order O -to O -perform O -electrolyte O -determinations O -and O -correct O -any O -electrolyte O -imbalance O -. O - -aps B-category -Light O -chain O -proteinuria O -and O -cellular O -mediated O -immunity O -in O -rifampin B-Chemical -treated O -patients O -with O -tuberculosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Light O -chain O -proteinuria O -was O -found O -in O -9 O -of O -17 O -tuberculosis O -patients O -treated O -with O -rifampin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Concomitant O -assay O -of O -cellular O -mediated O -immunity O -in O -these O -patients O -using O -skin O -test O -antigen O -and O -a O -lymphokine O -in O -vitro O -test O -provided O -results O -that O -were O -different O -. O - -aps B-category -Response O -to O -Varidase O -skin O -test O -antigen O -was O -negative O -for O -all O -eight O -tuberculosis O -patients O -tested O -, O -but O -there O -occurred O -a O -hyper O -- O -responsiveness O -of O -the O -lymphocytes O -of O -these O -eight O -patients O -to O -phytomitogen O -( O -PHA O -- O -P O -) O -. O -as O -well O -as O -of O -those O -of O -seven O -other O -tuberculous O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -last O -finding O -may O -be O -related O -to O -time O -of O -testing O -and O -/ O -or O -endogenous O -serum O -binding O -of O -rifampin B-Chemical -which O -could O -have O -inhibited O -mitogen O -activity O -for O -the O -lymphocyte O -. O - -aps B-category -KF17837 B-Chemical -: O -a O -novel O -selective O -adenosine B-Chemical -A2A O -receptor O -antagonist O -with O -anticataleptic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -KF17837 B-Chemical -is O -a O -novel O -selective O -adenosine B-Chemical -A2A O -receptor O -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -administration O -of O -KF17837 B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -, O -10 O -. O -0 O -and O -30 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -significantly O -ameliorated O -the O -cataleptic O -responses O -induced O -by O -intracerebroventricular O -administration O -of O -an O -adenosine B-Chemical -A2A O -receptor O -agonist O -, O -CGS B-Chemical -21680 I-Chemical -( O -10 O -micrograms O -) O -, O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -KF17837 B-Chemical -also O -reduced O -the O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -and O -by O -reserpine B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -anticataleptic O -effects O -were O -exhibited O -dose O -dependently O -at O -doses O -from O -0 O -. O -625 O -and O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -p O -. O -o O -. O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -KF17837 B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -625 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -p O -. O -o O -. O -) O -potentiated O -the O -anticataleptic O -effects O -of O -a O -subthreshold O -dose O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxyphenylalanine I-Chemical -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -; O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -plus O -benserazide B-Chemical -( O -6 O -. O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggested O -that O -KF17837 B-Chemical -is O -a O -centrally O -active O -adenosine B-Chemical -A2A O -receptor O -antagonist O -and O -that O -the O -dopaminergic O -function O -of O -the O -nigrostriatal O -pathway O -is O -potentiated O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -A2A O -receptor O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -KF17837 B-Chemical -may O -be O -a O -useful O -drug O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -parkinsonism O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -nondopaminergic O -drugs O -on O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -in O -MPTP B-Chemical -- O -treated O -monkeys O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -group O -of O -four O -monkeys O -was O -rendered O -parkinsonian O -with O -the O -toxin O -MPTP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -They O -were O -then O -treated O -chronically O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -benserazide I-Chemical -50 O -/ O -12 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -given O -orally O -daily O -for O -2 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -dose O -produced O -a O -striking O -antiparkinsonian O -effect O -, O -but O -all O -animals O -manifested O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -series O -of O -agents O -acting O -primarily O -on O -neurotransmitters O -other O -than O -dopamine B-Chemical -were O -then O -tested O -in O -combination O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -to O -see O -if O -the O -dyskinetic O -movements O -would O -be O -modified O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -drugs O -, O -including O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -physostigmine B-Chemical -, O -methysergide B-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -MDOT I-Chemical -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -and O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -, O -markedly O -reduced O -the O -dyskinetic O -movements O -but O -at O -the O -cost O -of O -a O -return O -of O -parkinsonian O -symptomatology O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -yohimbine B-Chemical -and O -meperidine B-Chemical -reduced O -predominantly O -the O -dyskinetic O -movements O -. O - -aps B-category -Baclofen B-Chemical -was O -also O -useful O -in O -one O -monkey O -against O -a O -more O -dystonic O -form O -of O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Atropine B-Chemical -converted O -the O -dystonic O -movements O -into O -chorea O -. O - -aps B-category -Hallucinations O -and O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -neurotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Hallucinations O -as O -a O -symptom O -of O -central O -neurotoxicity O -are O -a O -known O -but O -poorly O -described O -side O -effect O -of O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -cases O -of O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hallucinations O -have O -been O -reported O -with O -other O -mental O -status O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -The O -authors O -interviewed O -six O -persons O -with O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hallucinations O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -clear O -sensorium O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -were O -receiving O -high O -- O -dose O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -as O -part O -of O -their O -bone O -marrow O -transplant O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Hallucinations O -occurred O -only O -when O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -eyes O -were O -closed O -and O -, O -in O -all O -but O -one O -case O -, O -were O -reported O -as O -disturbing O -or O -frightening O -. O - -aps B-category -Underreporting O -of O -these O -hallucinations O -by O -patients O -is O -likely O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Hallucinations O -may O -be O -the O -sole O -or O -first O -manifestation O -of O -neurotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -may O -be O -dose O -and O -infusion O -- O -time O -related O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinician O -should O -be O -alerted O -for O -possible O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hallucinations O -, O -which O -may O -occur O -without O -other O -signs O -of O -neurotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -" O -Eyes O -- O -closed O -" O -hallucinatory O -experiences O -appear O -to O -be O -an O -unusual O -feature O -of O -this O -presentation O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -anxious O -about O -this O -experience O -respond O -well O -to O -support O -and O -education O -about O -this O -occurrence O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -pharmacologic O -management O -of O -disturbed O -patients O -is O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -agitation O -becomes O -marked O -, O -high O -- O -potency O -neuroleptics O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -) O -may O -be O -effective O -. O - -aps B-category -Photodistributed O -nifedipine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -facial O -telangiectasia O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -months O -after O -starting O -nifedipine B-Chemical -( O -Adalat B-Chemical -) O -, O -two O -patients O -developed O -photodistributed O -facial O -telangiectasia O -, O -which O -became O -more O -noticeable O -with O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -patient O -complained O -of O -photosensitivity O -or O -flushing O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -patients O -reported O -a O -significant O -cosmetic O -improvement O -after O -discontinuing O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -commenced O -the O -closely O -related O -drug O -amlodipine B-Chemical -3 O -years O -later O -, O -with O -recurrence O -of O -telangiectasia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -photodistribution O -of O -the O -telangiectasia O -suggests O -a O -significant O -drug O -/ O -light O -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Penicillamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -rapidly O -progressive O -glomerulonephritis O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -67 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -presented O -rapidly O -progressive O -glomerulonephritis O -( O -RPGN O -) O -after O -5 O -months O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -( O -250 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Light O -microscopy O -study O -showed O -severe O -glomerulonephritis O -with O -crescent O -formation O -in O -60 O -% O -of O -the O -glomeruli O -and O -infiltration O -of O -inflammatory O -cells O -in O -the O -wall O -of O -an O -arteriole O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunofluorescence O -revealed O -scanty O -granular O -IgG O -, O -IgA O -and O -C3 O -deposits O -along O -the O -capillary O -walls O -and O -mesangium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -was O -treated O -with O -steroid B-Chemical -pulse O -, O -plasmapheresis O -, O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -and O -antiplatelet B-Chemical -agents I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -complete O -recovery O -of O -renal O -function O -was O -achieved O -in O -a O -few O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -new O -case O -of O -RPGN O -in O -the O -course O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -treatment O -emphasizes O -the O -need O -for O -frequent O -monitoring O -of O -renal O -function O -and O -evaluation O -of O -urinary O -sediment O -and O -proteinuria O -in O -these O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prompt O -discontinuation O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -and O -vigorous O -treatment O -measures O -could O -allow O -for O -a O -good O -prognosis O -as O -in O -this O -case O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -polymyositis O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -primary O -biliary O -cirrhosis O -treated O -with O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -has O -been O -used O -for O -many O -rheumatologic O -diseases O -, O -toxicity O -limits O -its O -usefulness O -in O -many O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Polymyositis O -/ O -dermatomyositis O -can O -develop O -as O -one O -of O -the O -autoimmune O -complications O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -treatment O -, O -but O -its O -exact O -pathogenesis O -remains O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -patient O -with O -primary O -biliary O -cirrhosis O -, O -who O -developed O -polymyositis O -while O -receiving O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -described O -the O -special O -clinical O -course O -of O -the O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -receiving O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -therapy O -should O -be O -followed O -carefully O -for O -the O -development O -of O -autoimmune O -complications O -like O -polymyositis O -/ O -dermatomyositis O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyperalgesia O -and O -myoclonus O -in O -terminal O -cancer O -patients O -treated O -with O -continuous O -intravenous O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -cancer O -patients O -in O -the O -terminal O -stages O -of O -the O -disease O -treated O -with O -high O -doses O -of O -intravenous O -morphine B-Chemical -developed O -hyperalgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -cases O -were O -retrospectively O -sampled O -from O -three O -different O -hospitals O -in O -Copenhagen O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -patients O -developed O -universal O -hyperalgesia O -and O -hyperesthesia O -which O -in O -2 O -cases O -were O -accompanied O -by O -myoclonus O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -3 O -patients O -a O -pre O -- O -existing O -neuralgia O -increased O -to O -excruciating O -intensity O -and O -in O -2 O -of O -these O -cases O -myoclonus O -occurred O -simultaneously O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -only O -few O -clinical O -descriptions O -of O -the O -relationship O -between O -hyperalgesia O -/ O -myoclonus O -and O -high O -doses O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -are O -available O -, O -experimental O -support O -from O -animal O -studies O -indicates O -that O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -or O -its O -metabolites O -, O -plays O -a O -causative O -role O -for O -the O -observed O -behavioural O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -mechanisms O -are O -discussed O -and O -treatment O -proposals O -given O -suggesting O -the O -use O -of O -more O -efficacious O -opioids O -with O -less O -excitatory O -potency O -in O -these O -situations O -. O - -aps B-category -Liposomal O -daunorubicin B-Chemical -in O -advanced O -Kaposi O -' O -s O -sarcoma O -: O -a O -phase O -II O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -non O -- O -randomized O -Phase O -II O -clinical O -trial O -to O -assess O -the O -efficacy O -and O -safety O -of O -liposomal O -daunorubicin B-Chemical -( O -DaunoXome O -) O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -AIDS O -related O -Kaposi O -' O -s O -sarcoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Eleven O -homosexual O -men O -with O -advanced O -Kaposi O -' O -s O -sarcoma O -were O -entered O -in O -the O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -size O -, O -colour O -and O -associated O -oedema O -of O -selected O -' O -target O -' O -lesions O -were O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -, O -biochemical O -and O -haematological O -toxicities O -were O -assessed O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -subjects O -were O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -partial O -response O -was O -achieved O -in O -four O -, O -of O -whom O -two O -subsequently O -relapsed O -. O - -aps B-category -Stabilization O -of O -Kaposi O -' O -s O -sarcoma O -occurred O -in O -the O -remaining O -six O -, O -maintained O -until O -the O -end O -of O -the O -trial O -period O -in O -four O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -was O -generally O -well O -tolerated O -, O -with O -few O -mild O -symptoms O -of O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -main O -problem O -encountered O -was O -haematological O -toxicity O -, O -with O -three O -subjects O -experiencing O -severe O -neutropenia O -( O -neutrophil O -count O -< O -0 O -. O -5 O -x O -10 O -( O -9 O -) O -/ O -l O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -evidence O -of O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -small O -patient O -sample O -, O -liposomal O -daunorubicin B-Chemical -was O -an O -effective O -and O -well O -tolerated O -agent O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -Kaposi O -' O -s O -sarcoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -effects O -of O -vincristine B-Chemical -on O -the O -peripheral O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -patients O -with O -Non O -- O -Hodgkin O -' O -s O -Lymphoma O -treated O -with O -vincristine B-Chemical -between O -1984 O -and O -1990 O -( O -cumulative O -dose O -12 O -mg O -in O -18 O -- O -24 O -weeks O -) O -were O -investigated O -in O -order O -to O -evaluate O -the O -long O -term O -effects O -of O -vincristine B-Chemical -on O -the O -peripheral O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -were O -interviewed O -with O -emphasis O -on O -neuropathic O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Physical O -and O -quantitative O -sensory O -examination O -with O -determination O -of O -vibratory O -perception O -and O -thermal O -discrimination O -thresholds O -were O -performed O -, O -four O -to O -77 O -months O -( O -median O -34 O -months O -) O -after O -vincristine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -seven O -patients O -reported O -neuropathic O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -13 O -of O -these O -27 O -patients O -symptoms O -were O -still O -present O -at O -the O -time O -of O -examination O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -patients O -sensory O -signs O -and O -symptoms O -predominated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -other O -14 O -patients O -symptoms O -had O -been O -present O -in O -the O -past O -. O - -aps B-category -Symptoms O -persisted O -maximally O -40 O -months O -since O -cessation O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -age O -difference O -between O -patients O -with O -and O -without O -complaints O -at O -the O -time O -of O -examination O -. O - -aps B-category -Normal O -reflexes O -were O -found O -in O -two O -third O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuropathic O -complaints O -were O -not O -very O -troublesome O -on O -the O -long O -term O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -with O -the O -above O -mentioned O -vincristine B-Chemical -dose O -schedule O -signs O -and O -symptoms O -of O -vincristine B-Chemical -neuropathy O -are O -reversible O -for O -a O -great O -deal O -and O -prognosis O -is O -fairly O -good O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -adenomas O -and O -focal O -nodular O -hyperplasia O -of O -the O -liver O -in O -young O -women O -on O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -: O -case O -reports O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -cases O -of O -hepatic O -adenoma O -and O -one O -of O -focal O -nodular O -hyperplasia O -presumably O -associated O -with O -the O -use O -of O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -, O -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Special O -reference O -is O -made O -to O -their O -clinical O -presentation O -, O -which O -may O -be O -totally O -asymptomatic O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -- O -function O -tests O -are O -of O -little O -diagnostic O -value O -, O -but O -valuable O -information O -may O -be O -obtained O -from O -both O -liver O -scanning O -and O -hepatic O -angiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Histologic O -differences O -and O -clinical O -similarities O -between O -hepatic O -adenoma O -and O -focal O -nodular O -hyperplasia O -of O -the O -liver O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Loss O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -mRNA O -- O -containing O -neurons O -in O -the O -rat O -dentate O -gyrus O -following O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -situ O -hybridization O -methods O -were O -used O -to O -determine O -if O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -( O -GAD O -) O -mRNA O -- O -containing O -neurons O -within O -the O -hilus O -of O -the O -dentate O -gyrus O -are O -vulnerable O -to O -seizure O -- O -induced O -damage O -in O -a O -model O -of O -chronic O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -were O -injected O -intraperitoneally O -with O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -hippocampal O -formation O -was O -studied O -histologically O -at O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -4 O -, O -and O -8 O -week O -intervals O -after O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -situ O -hybridization O -histochemistry O -, O -using O -a O -digoxigenin B-Chemical -- O -labeled O -GAD O -cRNA O -probe O -, O -demonstrated O -a O -substantial O -decrease O -in O -the O -number O -of O -GAD O -mRNA O -- O -containing O -neurons O -in O -the O -hilus O -of O -the O -dentate O -gyrus O -in O -the O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -as O -compared O -to O -controls O -at O -all O -time O -intervals O -. O - -aps B-category -Additional O -neuronanatomical O -studies O -, O -including O -cresyl B-Chemical -violet I-Chemical -staining O -, O -neuronal O -degeneration O -methods O -, O -and O -histochemical O -localization O -of O -glial O -fibrillary O -acidic O -protein O -, O -suggested O -that O -the O -decrease O -in O -the O -number O -of O -GAD O -mRNA O -- O -containing O -neurons O -was O -related O -to O -neuronal O -loss O -rather O -than O -to O -a O -decrease O -in O -GAD O -mRNA O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -loss O -of O -GAD O -mRNA O -- O -containing O -neurons O -in O -the O -hilus O -contrasted O -with O -the O -relative O -preservation O -of O -labeled O -putative O -basket O -cells O -along O -the O -inner O -margin O -of O -the O -granule O -cell O -layer O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -analyses O -of O -labeled O -neurons O -in O -three O -regions O -of O -the O -dentate O -gyrus O -in O -the O -1 O -and O -2 O -week O -groups O -showed O -statistically O -significant O -decreases O -in O -the O -mean O -number O -of O -GAD O -mRNA O -- O -containing O -neurons O -in O -the O -hilus O -of O -both O -groups O -of O -experimental O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -differences O -were O -found O -in O -the O -molecular O -layer O -or O -the O -granule O -cell O -layer O -, O -which O -included O -labeled O -neurons O -along O -the O -lower O -margin O -of O -the O -granule O -cell O -layer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -, O -in O -this O -model O -, O -a O -subpopulation O -of O -GAD O -mRNA O -- O -containing O -neurons O -within O -the O -dentate O -gyrus O -is O -selectively O -vulnerable O -to O -seizure O -- O -induced O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -differential O -vulnerability O -appears O -to O -be O -another O -indication O -of O -the O -heterogeneity O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -deliberate O -hypotension O -induced O -by O -labetalol B-Chemical -with O -isoflurane B-Chemical -on O -neuropsychological O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -deliberate O -hypotension O -on O -brain O -function O -measured O -by O -neuropsychological O -tests O -was O -studied O -in O -41 O -adult O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -four O -patients O -were O -anaesthetized O -for O -middle O -- O -ear O -surgery O -with O -deliberate O -hypotension O -induced O -by O -labetalol B-Chemical -with O -isoflurane B-Chemical -( O -hypotensive O -group O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Seventeen O -patients O -without O -hypotension O -served O -as O -a O -control O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -was O -77 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -mmHg O -( O -10 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -3 O -kPa O -) O -before O -hypotension O -and O -50 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -mmHg O -( O -6 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -0 O -kPa O -) O -during O -hypotension O -in O -the O -hypotensive O -group O -, O -and O -86 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -mmHg O -( O -11 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -3 O -kPa O -) O -during O -anaesthesia O -in O -the O -control O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -psychological O -tests O -were O -performed O -: O -four O -subtests O -of O -the O -Wechsler O -Adult O -Intelligence O -Scale O -( O -similarities O -, O -digit O -span O -, O -vocabulary O -and O -digit O -symbol O -) O -, O -Trail O -- O -Making O -tests O -A O -and O -B O -, O -Zung O -tests O -( O -self O -- O -rating O -anxiety O -scale O -and O -self O -- O -rating O -depression O -scale O -) O -and O -two O -- O -part O -memory O -test O -battery O -with O -immediate O -and O -delayed O -recall O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tests O -were O -performed O -preoperatively O -and O -2 O -days O -postoperatively O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -statistically O -significant O -differences O -between O -the O -groups O -in O -any O -of O -the O -tests O -in O -the O -changes O -from O -preoperative O -value O -to O -postoperative O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -hypotension O -induced O -by O -labetalol B-Chemical -with O -isoflurane B-Chemical -has O -no O -significant O -harmful O -effects O -on O -mental O -functions O -compared O -to O -normotensive O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Apparent O -cure O -of O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -by O -bone O -marrow O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -the O -induction O -of O -sustained O -remissions O -and O -possible O -cure O -of O -severe O -erosive O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -( O -RA O -) O -by O -bone O -marrow O -transplantation O -( O -BMT O -) O -in O -2 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -BMT O -was O -used O -to O -treat O -severe O -aplastic O -anemia O -which O -was O -caused O -by O -gold B-Chemical -in O -one O -case O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -in O -the O -other O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -8 O -and O -6 O -years O -since O -the O -transplants O -( O -representing O -8 O -and O -4 O -years O -since O -cessation O -of O -all O -immunosuppressive O -therapy O -, O -respectively O -) O -, O -the O -RA O -in O -each O -case O -has O -been O -completely O -quiescent O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -short O -term O -remission O -of O -severe O -RA O -following O -BMT O -has O -been O -reported O -, O -these O -are O -the O -first O -cases O -for O -which O -prolonged O -followup O -has O -been O -available O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -experience O -raises O -the O -question O -of O -the O -role O -of O -BMT O -itself O -as O -a O -therapeutic O -option O -for O -patients O -with O -uncontrolled O -destructive O -synovitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Seizures O -induced O -by O -combined O -levomepromazine B-Chemical -- O -fluvoxamine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -combined O -levomepromazine B-Chemical -- O -fluvoxamine B-Chemical -treatment O -- O -induced O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -seems O -that O -combined O -treatment O -of O -fluvoxamine B-Chemical -with O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -may O -possess O -proconvulsive O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Case O -report O -: O -pentamidine B-Chemical -and O -polymorphic O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -revisited O -. O - -aps B-category -Pentamidine B-Chemical -isethionate I-Chemical -has O -been O -associated O -with O -ventricular O -tachyarrhythmias O -, O -including O -torsade O -de O -pointes O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -article O -reports O -two O -cases O -of O -this O -complication O -and O -reviews O -all O -reported O -cases O -to O -date O -. O - -aps B-category -Pentamidine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -torsade O -de O -pointes O -may O -be O -related O -to O -serum O -magnesium B-Chemical -levels O -and O -hypomagnesemia O -may O -synergistically O -induce O -torsade O -. O - -aps B-category -Torsade O -de O -pointes O -occurred O -after O -an O -average O -of O -10 O -days O -of O -treatment O -with O -pentamidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -patients O -, O -no O -other O -acute O -side O -effects O -of O -pentamidine B-Chemical -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Torsade O -de O -pointes O -can O -be O -treated O -when O -recognized O -early O -, O -possibly O -without O -discontinuation O -of O -pentamidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -QTc O -interval O -prolongation O -is O -observed O -, O -early O -magnesium B-Chemical -supplementation O -is O -advocated O -. O - -aps B-category -Efficacy O -and O -tolerability O -of O -lovastatin B-Chemical -in O -3390 O -women O -with O -moderate O -hypercholesterolemia O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -evaluate O -the O -efficacy O -and O -safety O -of O -lovastatin B-Chemical -in O -women O -with O -moderate O -hypercholesterolemia O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -The O -Expanded O -Clinical O -Evaluation O -of O -Lovastatin B-Chemical -( O -EXCEL O -) O -Study O -, O -a O -multicenter O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -diet O -- O -and O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -trial O -, O -in O -which O -participants O -were O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -receive O -placebo O -or O -lovastatin B-Chemical -at O -doses O -of O -20 O -or O -40 O -mg O -once O -daily O -, O -or O -20 O -or O -40 O -mg O -twice O -daily O -for O -48 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -SETTING O -: O -Ambulatory O -patients O -recruited O -by O -362 O -participating O -centers O -throughout O -the O -United O -States O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -: O -Women O -( O -n O -= O -3390 O -) O -from O -the O -total O -cohort O -of O -8245 O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -MEASUREMENTS O -: O -Plasma O -total O -, O -low O -- O -density O -lipoprotein O -( O -LDL O -) O -, O -and O -high O -- O -density O -lipoprotein O -( O -HDL O -) O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -and O -triglycerides B-Chemical -; O -and O -laboratory O -and O -clinical O -evidence O -of O -adverse O -events O -monitored O -periodically O -throughout O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Among O -women O -, O -lovastatin B-Chemical -( O -20 O -to O -80 O -mg O -/ O -d O -) O -produced O -sustained O -( O -12 O -- O -to O -48 O -- O -week O -) O -, O -dose O -- O -related O -changes O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -: O -decreases O -in O -LDL O -cholesterol B-Chemical -( O -24 O -% O -to O -40 O -% O -) O -and O -triglycerides B-Chemical -( O -9 O -% O -to O -18 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -increases O -in O -HDL O -cholesterol B-Chemical -( O -6 O -. O -7 O -% O -to O -8 O -. O -6 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Depending O -on O -the O -dose O -, O -from O -82 O -% O -to O -95 O -% O -of O -lovastatin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -women O -achieved O -the O -National O -Cholesterol B-Chemical -Education O -Program O -goal O -of O -LDL O -cholesterol B-Chemical -levels O -less O -than O -4 O -. O -14 O -mmol O -/ O -L O -( O -160 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -) O -, O -and O -40 O -% O -to O -87 O -% O -achieved O -the O -goal O -of O -3 O -. O -36 O -mmol O -/ O -L O -( O -130 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Successive O -transaminase O -elevations O -greater O -than O -three O -times O -the O -upper O -limit O -of O -normal O -occurred O -in O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -of O -women O -and O -were O -dose O -dependent O -above O -the O -20 O -- O -mg O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Myopathy O -, O -defined O -as O -muscle O -symptoms O -with O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -elevations O -greater O -than O -10 O -times O -the O -upper O -limit O -of O -normal O -, O -was O -rare O -and O -associated O -with O -the O -highest O -recommended O -daily O -dose O -of O -lovastatin B-Chemical -( O -80 O -mg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Estrogen O -- O -replacement O -therapy O -appeared O -to O -have O -no O -effect O -on O -either O -the O -efficacy O -or O -safety O -profile O -of O -lovastatin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Lovastatin B-Chemical -is O -highly O -effective O -and O -generally O -well O -tolerated O -as O -therapy O -for O -primary O -hypercholesterolemia O -in O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -Tetany O -and O -rhabdomyolysis O -due O -to O -surreptitious O -furosemide B-Chemical -- O -- O -importance O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -supplementation O -. O - -aps B-category -Diuretics O -may O -induce O -hypokalemia O -, O -hypocalcemia O -and O -hypomagnesemia O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -severe O -hypokalemia O -may O -cause O -muscle O -weakness O -, O -severe O -hypomagnesemia O -is O -associated O -with O -muscle O -spasms O -and O -tetany O -which O -cannot O -be O -corrected O -by O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -supplementation O -alone O -( O -1 O -, O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Surreptitious O -diuretic O -ingestion O -has O -been O -described O -, O -mainly O -in O -women O -who O -are O -concerned O -that O -they O -are O -obese O -or O -edematous O -. O - -aps B-category -Symptomatic O -hypokalemia O -has O -been O -reported O -in O -such O -patients O -( O -3 O -- O -7 O -) O -and O -in O -one O -case O -hypocalcemia O -was O -observed O -( O -8 O -) O -, O -but O -the O -effects O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -depletion O -were O -not O -noted O -in O -these O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Ciprofloxacin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrotoxicity O -in O -patients O -with O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Nephrotoxicity O -associated O -with O -ciprofloxacin B-Chemical -is O -uncommon O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -patients O -with O -cancer O -who O -developed O -acute O -renal O -failure O -that O -followed O -treatment O -with O -ciprofloxacin B-Chemical -are O -described O -and O -an O -additional O -15 O -cases O -reported O -in O -the O -literature O -are O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -than O -elevation O -of O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -levels O -, O -characteristic O -clinical O -manifestations O -and O -abnormal O -laboratory O -findings O -are O -not O -frequently O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -Allergic O -interstitial O -nephritis O -is O -believed O -to O -be O -the O -underlying O -pathological O -- O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -Definitive O -diagnosis O -requires O -performance O -of O -renal O -biopsy O -, O -although O -this O -is O -not O -always O -feasible O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -improvement O -in O -renal O -function O -that O -followed O -the O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -offending O -antibiotic O -supports O -the O -presumptive O -diagnosis O -of O -ciprofloxacin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Venous O -complications O -of O -midazolam B-Chemical -versus O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -some O -studies O -have O -suggested O -fewer O -venous O -complications O -are O -associated O -with O -midazolam B-Chemical -than O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -for O -endoscopic O -procedures O -, O -this O -variable O -has O -not O -been O -well O -documented O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -prospectively O -evaluated O -the O -incidence O -of O -venous O -complications O -after O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -or O -midazolam B-Chemical -in O -122 O -consecutive O -patients O -undergoing O -colonoscopy O -and O -esophagogastroduodenoscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Overall O -, O -venous O -complications O -were O -more O -frequent O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -22 O -of O -62 O -patients O -) O -than O -with O -midazolam B-Chemical -( O -4 O -of O -60 O -patients O -) O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -palpable O -venous O -cord O -was O -present O -in O -23 O -% O -( O -14 O -of O -62 O -) O -of O -patients O -in O -the O -diazepam B-Chemical -group O -, O -compared O -with O -2 O -% O -( O -1 O -of O -60 O -patients O -) O -in O -the O -midazolam B-Chemical -group O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -002 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Pain O -at O -the O -injection O -site O -occurred O -in O -35 O -% O -( O -22 O -of O -62 O -) O -of O -patients O -in O -the O -diazepam B-Chemical -group O -compared O -with O -7 O -% O -( O -4 O -of O -60 O -patients O -) O -in O -the O -midazolam B-Chemical -group O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Swelling O -and O -warmth O -at O -the O -injection O -site O -were O -not O -significantly O -different O -between O -the O -two O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Smoking O -, O -nonsteroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drug O -use O -, O -intravenous O -catheter O -site O -, O -dwell O -time O -of O -the O -needle O -, O -alcohol B-Chemical -use O -, O -and O -pain O -during O -the O -injection O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -incidence O -of O -venous O -complications O -. O - -aps B-category -Clarithromycin B-Chemical -- O -associated O -visual O -hallucinations O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -chronic O -renal O -failure O -on O -continuous O -ambulatory O -peritoneal O -dialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Visual O -hallucinations O -are O -a O -rare O -event O -in O -chronic O -renal O -failure O -and O -not O -related O -to O -uremia O -per O -se O -. O - -aps B-category -Unreported O -in O -the O -literature O -is O -visual O -hallucinations O -occurring O -in O -association O -with O -the O -new O -macrolide B-Chemical -antibiotic O -, O -clarithromycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -such O -a O -case O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -end O -- O -stage O -renal O -disease O -( O -ESRD O -) O -maintained O -on O -continuous O -ambulatory O -peritoneal O -dialysis O -( O -CAPD O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combination O -of O -a O -relatively O -high O -dose O -of O -clarithromycin B-Chemical -in O -face O -of O -chronic O -renal O -failure O -in O -a O -functionally O -anephric O -patient O -, O -with O -underlying O -aluminum B-Chemical -intoxication O -, O -may O -have O -facilitated O -the O -appearance O -of O -this O -neurotoxic O -side O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -important O -to O -understand O -the O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -medications O -in O -face O -of O -chronic O -renal O -failure O -, O -the O -possibility O -of O -drug O -interactions O -, O -and O -how O -these O -factors O -should O -help O -guide O -medication O -therapy O -in O -the O -ESRD O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -peroxisomes O -in O -preneoplastic O -liver O -and O -hepatoma O -of O -mice O -induced O -by O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzene I-Chemical -hexachloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Peroxisomes O -in O -hepatomas O -and O -hyperplastic O -preneoplastic O -liver O -lesions O -induced O -in O -mice O -by O -500 O -ppm O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzene I-Chemical -hexachloride I-Chemical -were O -examined O -histochemically O -and O -electron O -microscopically O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -most O -of O -the O -hepatomas O -were O -well O -- O -differentiated O -tumors O -and O -contained O -a O -considerable O -number O -of O -peroxisomes O -, O -the O -tumor O -cells O -did O -not O -respond O -to O -ethyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chlorophenoxyisobutyrate I-Chemical -with O -proliferation O -of O -peroxisomes O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -16th O -week O -of O -carcinogen O -feeding O -, O -hyperplastic O -nodules O -appeared O -and O -advanced O -to O -further O -stages O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -majority O -of O -the O -nodules O -showed O -a O -considerable O -number O -of O -peroxisomes O -and O -the O -inductive O -proliferation O -of O -peroxisomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -the O -nodules O -, O -foci O -of O -proliferation O -of O -the O -cells O -that O -showed O -no O -inducibility O -of O -proliferation O -of O -peroxisomes O -appeared O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -cells O -proliferated O -further O -, O -replacing O -the O -most O -part O -of O -the O -nodules O -, O -and O -with O -this O -process O -hepatomas O -appeared O -to O -have O -been O -formed O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -abnormal O -matrical O -inclusions O -of O -peroxisomes O -were O -formed O -in O -the O -cells O -of O -hyperplastic O -nodules O -by O -ethyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chlorophenoxyisobutyrate I-Chemical -unlike O -in O -the O -case O -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Contribution O -of O -the O -sympathetic O -nervous O -system O -to O -salt O -- O -sensitivity O -in O -lifetime O -captopril B-Chemical -- O -treated O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -test O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -, O -in O -lifetime O -captopril B-Chemical -- O -treated O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -( O -SHR O -) O -, O -the O -sympathetic O -nervous O -system O -contributes O -importantly O -to O -the O -hypertensive O -effect O -of O -dietary B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -supplementation O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Male O -SHR O -( O -aged O -6 O -weeks O -) O -that O -had O -been O -treated O -from O -conception O -onward O -with O -either O -captopril B-Chemical -or O -vehicle O -remained O -on O -a O -basal O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -diet O -or O -were O -fed O -a O -high O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -2 O -weeks O -, O -the O -rats O -were O -subjected O -to O -ganglionic O -blockade O -and O -2 O -days O -later O -, O -an O -infusion O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Lifetime O -captopril B-Chemical -treatment O -significantly O -lowered O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -in O -both O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -infusion O -of O -the O -ganglionic O -blocker O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -a O -rapid O -decline O -in O -MAP O -that O -eliminated O -the O -dietary B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -- O -induced O -increase O -in O -MAP O -in O -both O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Infusion O -of O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -alpha2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenergic I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -agonist I-Chemical -clonidine B-Chemical -also O -resulted O -in O -a O -greater O -reduction O -in O -MAP O -in O -both O -groups O -of O -SHR O -that O -were O -fed O -the O -high O -( O -compared O -with O -the O -basal O -) O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -In O -both O -lifetime O -captopril B-Chemical -- O -treated O -and O -control O -SHR O -, O -the O -sympathetic O -nervous O -system O -contributes O -to O -the O -pressor O -effects O -of O -a O -high O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -Angioedema O -associated O -with O -droperidol B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Angioedema O -, O -also O -known O -as O -angioneurotic O -edema O -or O -Quincke O -' O -s O -disease O -, O -is O -a O -well O -- O -demarcated O -, O -localized O -edema O -involving O -the O -subcutaneous O -tissues O -that O -may O -cause O -upper O -- O -airway O -obstruction O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -case O -of O -a O -previously O -healthy O -19 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -with O -no O -known O -drug O -allergies O -in O -whom O -angioedema O -with O -significant O -tongue O -swelling O -and O -protrusion O -developed O -within O -10 O -minutes O -of O -the O -administration O -of O -a O -single O -IV O -dose O -of O -droperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Late O -cardiotoxicity O -after O -treatment O -for O -a O -malignant O -bone O -tumor O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -function O -was O -assessed O -in O -long O -- O -term O -survivors O -of O -malignant O -bone O -tumors O -who O -were O -treated O -according O -to O -Rosen B-Chemical -' I-Chemical -s I-Chemical -T5 I-Chemical -or I-Chemical -T10 I-Chemical -protocol I-Chemical -, O -both O -including O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -one O -patients O -, O -age O -10 O -- O -45 O -years O -( O -median O -age O -17 O -. O -8 O -years O -) O -were O -evaluated O -2 O -. O -3 O -- O -14 O -. O -1 O -years O -( O -median O -8 O -. O -9 O -years O -) O -following O -completion O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Cumulative O -doses O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -were O -225 O -- O -550 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -( O -median O -dose O -360 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -evaluation O -consisted O -of O -a O -history O -, O -physical O -examination O -, O -electrocardiogram O -( O -ECG O -) O -, O -signal O -averaged O -ECG O -, O -24 O -- O -hour O -ambulatory O -ECG O -, O -echocardiography O -and O -radionuclide O -angiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Eighteen O -of O -31 O -( O -58 O -% O -) O -patients O -showed O -cardiac O -toxicity O -, O -defined O -as O -having O -one O -or O -more O -of O -the O -following O -abnormalities O -: O -late O -potentials O -, O -complex O -ventricular O -arrhythmias O -, O -left O -ventricular O -dilation O -, O -decreased O -shortening O -fraction O -, O -or O -decreased O -ejection O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -cardiac O -abnormalities O -increased O -with O -length O -of O -follow O -- O -up O -( O -P O -< O -or O -= O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -correlation O -could O -be O -demonstrated O -between O -cumulative O -dose O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -and O -cardiac O -status O -, O -except O -for O -heart O -rate O -variability O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -adjusted O -to O -body O -surface O -area O -, O -the O -left O -ventricular O -posterior O -wall O -thickness O -( O -LVPW O -index O -) O -was O -decreased O -in O -all O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -is O -high O -and O -increases O -with O -follow O -- O -up O -, O -irrespective O -of O -cumulative O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Life O -- O -long O -cardiac O -follow O -- O -up O -in O -these O -patients O -is O -warranted O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -our O -study O -suggest O -that O -heart O -rate O -variability O -and O -LVPW O -index O -could O -be O -sensitive O -indicators O -for O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -blood O -pressure O -elevations O -with O -caffeine B-Chemical -in O -men O -with O -borderline O -systemic O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Whether O -the O -vasoconstrictive O -actions O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -are O -enhanced O -in O -hypertensive O -persons O -has O -not O -been O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -caffeine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -. O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -versus O -placebo O -was O -tested O -in O -48 O -healthy O -men O -( O -aged O -20 O -to O -35 O -years O -) O -selected O -after O -screening O -on O -2 O -separate O -occasions O -. O - -aps B-category -Borderline O -hypertensive O -men O -( O -n O -= O -24 O -) O -were O -selected O -with O -screening O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -( O -BP O -) O -of O -140 O -to O -160 O -mm O -Hg O -and O -/ O -or O -diastolic O -BP O -90 O -to O -99 O -mm O -Hg O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -- O -risk O -controls O -( O -n O -= O -24 O -) O -reported O -no O -parental O -history O -of O -hypertension O -and O -had O -screening O -BP O -< O -130 O -/ O -85 O -mm O -Hg O -. O - -aps B-category -Participants O -were O -then O -tested O -on O -2 O -occasions O -after O -12 O -- O -hour O -abstinence O -from O -caffeine B-Chemical -in O -each O -of O -2 O -protocols O -; O -this O -required O -a O -total O -of O -4 O -laboratory O -visits O -. O - -aps B-category -Caffeine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -changes O -in O -diastolic O -BP O -were O -2 O -to O -3 O -times O -larger O -in O -borderline O -subjects O -than O -in O -controls O -( O -+ O -8 O -. O -4 O -vs O -+ O -3 O -. O -8 O -mm O -Hg O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -0001 O -) O -, O -and O -were O -attributable O -to O -larger O -changes O -in O -impedance O -- O -derived O -measures O -of O -systemic O -vascular O -resistance O -( O -+ O -135 O -vs O -+ O -45 O -dynes O -. O -s O -. O -cm O -- O -5 O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -004 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -were O -consistent O -and O -reached O -significance O -in O -both O -protocols O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -percentage O -of O -borderline O -subjects O -in O -whom O -diastolic O -BP O -changes O -exceeded O -the O -median O -control O -response O -was O -96 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Consequently O -, O -whereas O -all O -participants O -exhibited O -normotensive O -levels O -during O -the O -resting O -predrug O -baseline O -, O -33 O -% O -of O -borderline O -subjects O -achieved O -hypertensive O -BP O -levels O -after O -caffeine B-Chemical -ingestion O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -in O -borderline O -hypertensive O -men O -, O -exaggerated O -responses O -to O -caffeine B-Chemical -were O -: O -selective O -for O -diastolic O -BP O -, O -consistent O -with O -greater O -vasoconstriction O -, O -replicated O -in O -2 O -protocols O -, O -and O -representative O -of O -nearly O -all O -borderline O -hypertensives O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suspect O -that O -the O -potential O -for O -caffeine B-Chemical -to O -stabilize O -high O -resistance O -states O -in O -susceptible O -persons O -suggests O -that O -its O -use O -may O -facilitate O -their O -disease O -progression O -, O -as O -well O -as O -hinder O -accurate O -diagnosis O -and O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Absence O -of O -effect O -of O -sertraline B-Chemical -on O -time O -- O -based O -sensitization O -of O -cognitive O -impairment O -with O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -randomized O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -study O -evaluated O -the O -effects O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -alone O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -plus O -sertraline B-Chemical -on O -cognitive O -and O -psychomotor O -function O -in O -24 O -healthy O -male O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -All O -subjects O -received O -placebo O -on O -Day O -1 O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -2 O -mg O -on O -Days O -2 O -and O -25 O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -Days O -9 O -to O -25 O -, O -subjects O -were O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -either O -sertraline B-Chemical -( O -12 O -subjects O -) O -or O -placebo O -( O -12 O -subjects O -) O -; O -the O -sertraline B-Chemical -dose O -was O -titrated O -from O -50 O -to O -200 O -mg O -/ O -day O -from O -Days O -9 O -to O -16 O -, O -and O -remained O -at O -200 O -mg O -/ O -day O -for O -the O -final O -10 O -days O -of O -the O -drug O -administration O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Cognitive O -function O -testing O -was O -performed O -before O -dosing O -and O -over O -a O -24 O -- O -hour O -period O -after O -dosing O -on O -Days O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -and O -25 O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Impairment O -of O -cognitive O -function O -was O -observed O -6 O -to O -8 O -hours O -after O -administration O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -on O -Day O -2 O -but O -was O -not O -evident O -23 O -hours O -after O -dosing O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -single O -- O -dose O -haloperidol B-Chemical -was O -given O -again O -25 O -days O -later O -, O -greater O -impairment O -with O -earlier O -onset O -was O -noted O -in O -several O -tests O -in O -both O -treatment O -groups O -, O -suggesting O -enhancement O -of O -this O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -indication O -that O -sertraline B-Chemical -exacerbated O -the O -impairment O -produced O -by O -haloperidol B-Chemical -since O -an O -equivalent O -effect O -also O -occurred O -in O -the O -placebo O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -subjects O -( O -2 O -on O -sertraline B-Chemical -and O -1 O -on O -placebo O -) O -withdrew O -from O -the O -study O -because O -of O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -subjects O -in O -each O -group O -reported O -side O -effects O -related O -to O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -side O -effect O -profiles O -of O -sertraline B-Chemical -and O -of O -placebo O -were O -similar O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Haloperidol B-Chemical -produced O -a O -clear O -profile O -of O -cognitive O -impairment O -that O -was O -not O -worsened O -by O -concomitant O -sertraline B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Coexistence O -of O -cerebral O -venous O -sinus O -and O -internal O -carotid O -artery O -thrombosis O -associated O -with O -exogenous O -sex O -hormones O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -forty O -- O -six O -year O -- O -old O -premenopausal O -woman O -developed O -headache O -, O -nausea O -and O -vomiting O -, O -left O -hemiparesis O -and O -seizure O -two O -days O -after O -parenteral O -use O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -and O -estradiol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Diabetes O -mellitus O -( O -DM O -) O -was O -found O -during O -admission O -. O - -aps B-category -Computed O -tomography O -showed O -a O -hemorrhagic O -infarct O -in O -the O -right O -frontal O -lobe O -and O -increased O -density O -in O -the O -superior O -sagittal O -sinus O -( O -SSS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Left O -carotid O -angiography O -found O -occlusion O -of O -the O -left O -internal O -carotid O -artery O -( O -ICA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Right O -carotid O -angiograms O -failed O -to O -show O -the O -SSS O -and O -inferior O -sagittal O -sinus O -, O -suggestive O -of O -venous O -sinus O -thrombosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Coexistence O -of O -the O -cerebral O -artery O -and O -the O -venous O -sinus O -occlusion O -has O -been O -described O -infrequently O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -case O -, O -the O -authors O -postulate O -that O -the O -use O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -and O -the O -underlying O -DM O -increased O -vascular O -thrombogenicity O -, O -which O -provided O -a O -common O -denominator O -for O -thrombosis O -of O -both O -the O -ICA O -and O -the O -venous O -sinus O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemotherapy O -of O -advanced O -inoperable O -non O -- O -small O -cell O -lung O -cancer O -with O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -: O -a O -phase O -II O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -Paclitaxel B-Chemical -( O -Taxol B-Chemical -; O -Bristol O -- O -Myers O -Squibb O -Company O -, O -Princeton O -, O -NJ O -) O -has O -demonstrated O -significant O -antineoplastic O -activity O -against O -different O -tumor O -types O -, O -notably O -ovarian O -and O -breast O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -phase O -II O -trials O -of O -24 O -- O -hour O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -infusions O -in O -chemotherapy O -- O -naive O -patients O -with O -stage O -IIIB O -or O -IV O -non O -- O -small O -cell O -lung O -cancer O -( O -NSCLC O -) O -reported O -response O -rates O -of O -21 O -% O -and O -24 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Leukopenia O -was O -dose O -limiting O -: O -as O -many O -as O -62 O -. O -5 O -% O -of O -patients O -experienced O -grade O -4 O -leukopenia O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -investigated O -the O -efficacy O -and O -toxicity O -of O -a O -3 O -- O -hour O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -infusion O -in O -a O -phase O -II O -trial O -in O -patients O -with O -inoperable O -stage O -IIIB O -or O -IV O -NSCLC O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -58 O -patients O -treated O -( O -41 O -men O -and O -17 O -women O -) O -had O -a O -median O -age O -of O -59 O -years O -( O -age O -range O -, O -25 O -to O -75 O -) O -and O -a O -performance O -status O -of O -0 O -through O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -patients O -( O -72 O -. O -4 O -% O -) O -had O -stage O -IV O -NSCLC O -. O - -aps B-category -Paclitaxel B-Chemical -225 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -was O -infused O -over O -3 O -hours O -every O -3 O -weeks O -with O -standard O -prophylactic O -premedication O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -50 O -patients O -evaluable O -for O -response O -, O -12 O -( O -24 O -% O -) O -had O -partial O -remission O -, O -26 O -( O -52 O -% O -) O -had O -no O -change O -, O -and O -12 O -had O -disease O -progression O -( O -24 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Hematologic O -toxicities O -were O -mild O -: O -only O -one O -patient O -( O -2 O -% O -) O -developed O -grade O -3 O -or O -4 O -neutropenia O -, O -while O -29 O -% O -had O -grade O -1 O -or O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Grade O -1 O -or O -2 O -polyneuropathy O -affected O -56 O -% O -of O -patients O -while O -only O -one O -( O -2 O -% O -) O -experienced O -severe O -polyneuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -grade O -1 O -or O -2 O -myalgia O -/ O -arthralgia O -was O -observed O -in O -63 O -. O -2 O -% O -of O -patients O -, O -but O -only O -14 O -. O -3 O -% O -experienced O -grade O -3 O -or O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Nausea O -and O -vomiting O -were O -infrequent O -, O -with O -14 O -% O -of O -patients O -experiencing O -grade O -1 O -or O -2 O -and O -only O -2 O -% O -experiencing O -grade O -3 O -or O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Paclitaxel B-Chemical -is O -thus O -an O -active O -single O -agent O -in O -this O -patient O -population O -, O -with O -a O -3 O -- O -hour O -infusion O -proving O -comparably O -effective O -to O -a O -24 O -- O -hour O -infusion O -and O -superior O -in O -terms O -of O -the O -incidence O -of O -hematologic O -and O -nonhematologic O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -phase O -II O -studies O -with O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -combined O -with O -other O -drugs O -active O -against O -NSCLC O -are O -indicated O -, O -and O -phase O -III O -studies O -comparing O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -with O -standard O -chemotherapy O -remain O -to O -be O -completed O -. O - -aps B-category -Paclitaxel B-Chemical -combined O -with O -carboplatin B-Chemical -in O -the O -first O -- O -line O -treatment O -of O -advanced O -ovarian O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -phase O -I O -study O -to O -determine O -the O -maximum O -tolerated O -dose O -of O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -( O -Taxol B-Chemical -; O -Bristol O -- O -Myers O -Squibb O -Company O -, O -Princeton O -, O -NJ O -) O -given O -as O -a O -3 O -- O -hour O -infusion O -in O -combination O -with O -carboplatin B-Chemical -administered O -every O -21 O -days O -to O -women O -with O -advanced O -ovarian O -cancer O -, O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -doses O -were O -escalated O -as O -follows O -: O -level O -1 O -, O -135 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -; O -level O -2 O -, O -160 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -; O -level O -3 O -, O -185 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -; O -and O -level O -4 O -, O -210 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fixed O -dose O -of O -carboplatin B-Chemical -at O -levels O -1 O -through O -4 O -was O -given O -to O -achieve O -an O -area O -under O -the O -concentration O -- O -time O -curve O -( O -AUC O -) O -of O -5 O -using O -the O -Calvert O -formula O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -levels O -5 O -and O -6 O -the O -carboplatin B-Chemical -dose O -was O -targeted O -at O -AUCs O -of O -6 O -and O -7 O -. O -5 O -, O -respectively O -, O -combined O -with O -a O -fixed O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -dose O -of O -185 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -date O -, O -30 O -previously O -untreated O -patients O -, O -all O -with O -a O -good O -performance O -status O -( O -Eastern O -Cooperative O -Oncology O -Group O -0 O -to O -2 O -) O -have O -been O -entered O -into O -this O -ongoing O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -- O -limiting O -toxicity O -of O -the O -combination O -was O -myelosuppression O -( O -leukopenia O -, O -granulocytopenia O -, O -and O -thrombocytopenia O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurotoxicity O -was O -largely O -moderate O -. O - -aps B-category -So O -far O -, O -14 O -patients O -are O -evaluable O -for O -response O -; O -of O -these O -, O -eight O -( O -57 O -% O -) O -showed O -objective O -( O -complete O -or O -partial O -) O -response O -and O -disease O -stabilized O -in O -six O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -patient O -had O -disease O -progression O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -the O -combination O -of O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -185 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -administered O -as O -a O -3 O -- O -hour O -infusion O -followed O -immediately O -by O -a O -1 O -- O -hour O -infusion O -of O -carboplatin B-Chemical -at O -an O -AUC O -of O -6 O -can O -be O -administered O -safely O -in O -a O -21 O -- O -day O -schedule O -in O -the O -outpatient O -setting O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -recommended O -dose O -for O -phase O -III O -studies O -is O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -185 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -and O -carboplatin B-Chemical -AUC O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -acute O -steroid B-Chemical -administration O -on O -ventilatory O -and O -peripheral O -muscles O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Occasional O -case O -reports O -have O -shown O -that O -acute O -myopathy O -may O -occur O -in O -patients O -treated O -with O -massive O -doses O -of O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -this O -myopathy O -is O -poorly O -understood O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -60 O -male O -rats O -were O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -receive O -daily O -injection O -of O -saline O -( O -C O -) O -, O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -( O -M B-Chemical -) O -, O -or O -triamcinolone B-Chemical -( O -T B-Chemical -) O -80 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -d O -for O -5 O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -Nutritional O -intake O -, O -measured O -daily O -in O -15 O -animals O -, O -showed O -a O -significant O -reduction O -of O -food O -intake O -in O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -- O -treated O -groups O -( O -- O -50 O -and O -- O -79 O -% O -in O -M B-Chemical -and O -T B-Chemical -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -similar O -loss O -in O -body O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -45 O -remaining O -animals O -, O -diaphragm O -contractility O -and O -histopathologic O -features O -of O -several O -muscles O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Weights O -of O -respiratory O -and O -peripheral O -muscles O -were O -similarly O -decreased O -after O -steroid B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximal O -twitches O -of O -the O -diaphragm O -were O -lower O -in O -the O -C O -group O -( O -653 O -+ O -/ O -- O -174 O -g O -/ O -cm O -( O -2 O -) O -) O -than O -in O -the O -M B-Chemical -group O -( O -837 O -+ O -/ O -- O -171 O -g O -/ O -cm O -( O -2 O -) O -; O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -and O -the O -T B-Chemical -group O -( O -765 O -+ O -/ O -- O -145 O -g O -/ O -cm O -( O -2 O -) O -, O -NS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Half O -- O -relaxation O -time O -was O -prolonged O -in O -both O -steroid B-Chemical -groups O -, O -and O -time O -to O -peak O -tension O -was O -longer O -with O -M B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -tetanic O -tensions O -were O -similar O -. O - -aps B-category -Steroid B-Chemical -treatment O -also O -induced O -a O -leftward O -shift O -of O -the O -force O -- O -frequency O -curve O -at O -25 O -and O -50 O -Hz O -when O -compared O -with O -saline O -treatment O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -ATPase O -staining O -of O -the O -diaphragm O -, O -scalenus O -medius O -, O -and O -gastrocnemius O -showed O -type O -IIb O -fiber O -atrophy O -in O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -groups O -and O -also O -diaphragmatic O -type O -IIa O -atrophy O -with O -T B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -histologic O -examinations O -revealed O -a O -normal O -muscular O -pattern O -with O -absence O -of O -necrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -a O -pair O -- O -fed O -( O -PF O -) O -study O -, O -performed O -in O -18 O -rats O -( O -C O -, O -T B-Chemical -, O -and O -PF O -) O -, O -showed O -that O -muscle O -atrophy O -was O -considerably O -less O -pronounced O -in O -PF O -animals O -than O -in O -T B-Chemical -- O -treated O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -( O -1 O -) O -short O -- O -term O -treatment O -with O -massive O -doses O -of O -steroids B-Chemical -induced O -severe O -respiratory O -and O -limb O -muscle O -wasting O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -both O -types O -of O -steroids B-Chemical -induced O -predominantly O -type O -IIb O -atrophy O -, O -resulting O -in O -the O -expected O -alterations O -in O -diaphragm O -contractile O -properties O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -neither O -steroid B-Chemical -caused O -muscle O -necrosis O -; O -( O -4 O -) O -type O -IIb O -atrophy O -was O -not O -caused O -by O -acute O -nutritional O -deprivation O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Continuous O -subcutaneous O -administration O -of O -mesna B-Chemical -to O -prevent O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -is O -a O -major O -potential O -toxicity O -of O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -that O -can O -be O -prevented O -by O -administering O -mesna B-Chemical -along O -with O -the O -cytotoxic O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Mesna B-Chemical -is O -generally O -administered O -by O -the O -intravenous O -route O -, O -although O -experience O -with O -oral O -delivery O -of O -the O -drug O -has O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -continuous O -subcutaneous O -administration O -of O -mesna B-Chemical -has O -the O -advantage O -of O -not O -requiring O -intravenous O -access O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -subcutaneous O -delivery O -of O -the O -neutralizing O -agent O -will O -not O -be O -associated O -with O -the O -risk O -of O -inadequate O -urinary O -mesna B-Chemical -concentrations O -, O -such O -as O -in O -a O -patient O -taking O -oral O -mesna B-Chemical -who O -experiences O -severe O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -emesis O -and O -is O -unable O -to O -absorb O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Limited O -clinical O -experience O -with O -continuous O -subcutaneous O -mesna B-Chemical -administration O -suggests O -it O -is O -a O -safe O -, O -practical O -, O -and O -economic O -method O -of O -drug O -delivery O -that O -permits O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -to O -be O -administered O -successfully O -in O -the O -outpatient O -setting O -. O - -aps B-category -Leg O -and O -back O -pain O -after O -spinal O -anaesthesia O -involving O -hyperbaric O -5 O -% O -lignocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Fifty O -- O -four O -patients O -, O -aged O -27 O -- O -90 O -years O -, O -who O -were O -given O -lignocaine B-Chemical -5 O -% O -in O -6 O -. O -8 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -solution O -for O -spinal O -anaesthesia O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirteen O -of O -these O -patients O -experienced O -pain O -in O -the O -legs O -and O -/ O -or O -back O -after O -recovery O -from O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -affected O -were O -younger O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -and O -the O -site O -of O -the O -dural O -puncture O -was O -higher O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -than O -those O -individuals O -without O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -of O -the O -13 O -patients O -( O -38 O -% O -) O -with O -pain O -and O -seven O -of O -the O -41 O -patients O -( O -17 O -% O -) O -without O -pain O -admitted O -to O -a O -high O -alcohol B-Chemical -intake O -, O -which O -might O -be O -a O -contributing O -factor O -. O - -aps B-category -Leg O -and O -/ O -or O -back O -pain O -is O -associated O -with O -the O -intrathecal O -use O -of O -hyperbaric O -5 O -% O -lignocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -serum O -cholinesterase O -in O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -apnoea O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifteen O -patients O -demonstrating O -unexpected O -prolonged O -apnoea O -lasting O -several O -hours O -after O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -have O -been O -treated O -by O -a O -new O -preparation O -of O -human O -serum O -cholinesterase O -. O - -aps B-category -Adequate O -spontaneous O -respiration O -was O -re O -- O -established O -in O -an O -average O -period O -of O -ten O -minutes O -after O -the O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -12 O -patients O -biochemical O -genetic O -examinations O -confirmed O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -atypical O -serum O -cholinesterase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -three O -patients O -none O -of O -the O -usual O -variants O -were O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -therefore O -supposed O -that O -other O -unknown O -variants O -of O -serum O -cholinesterase O -exist O -which O -cannot O -hydrolyze O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -serum O -cholinesterase O -in O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -apnoea O -provided O -considerable O -relief O -to O -both O -patient O -and O -anaesthetist O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -sulfation O -and O -decreased O -7alpha O -- O -hydroxylation O -of O -deoxycholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -ethinyl B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -- O -induced O -cholestasis O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Deoxycholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -conjugation O -, O -transport O -capacity O -, O -and O -metabolism O -were O -compared O -in O -control O -and O -ethinyl B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -rats O -were O -found O -to O -have O -a O -lower O -capacity O -to O -transport O -deoxycholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -than O -taurodeoxycholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -and O -both O -were O -decreased O -by O -ethinyl B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -[ O -24 O -- O -14C O -] O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -infusion O -, O -[ O -14C O -] O -biliary O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -secretion O -increased O -, O -but O -bile O -flow O -did O -not O -change O -significantly O -in O -either O -control O -or O -ethinyl B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethinyl B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -- O -treated O -animals O -excreted O -significantly O -less O -14C O -as O -taurocholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -than O -did O -control O -animals O -, O -consistent O -with O -an O -impairment O -of O -7alpha O -- O -hydroxylation O -of O -taurodeoxycholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ethinyl B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -treatment O -did O -not O -impair O -conjugation O -of O -deoxycholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -but O -did O -result O -in O -an O -increase O -in O -sulfation O -of O -taurodeoxycholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -from O -1 O -. O -5 O -% O -in O -controls O -to O -nearly O -4 O -. O -0 O -% O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -are O -consistent O -with O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -rat O -has O -a O -poorer O -tolerance O -for O -deoxycholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -than O -do O -certain O -other O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -rat O -converts O -deoxycholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -a O -poor O -choleretic O -, O -to O -taurocholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -a O -good O -choleretic O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -this O -conversion O -is O -impaired O -with O -ethinyl B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -treatment O -, O -sulfation O -may O -be O -an O -important O -alternate O -pathway O -for O -excretion O -of O -this O -potentially O -harmful O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -diet O -free O -of O -NAD B-Chemical -- O -precursors O -on O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -hepatotoxicity O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Recently O -, O -we O -demonstrated O -the O -hepatoprotective O -effects O -of O -nicotinic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -amide I-Chemical -, O -a O -selective O -inhibitor O -of O -poly B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -ADP I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ribose I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -polymerase O -( O -PARP O -; O -EC O -2 O -. O -4 O -. O -2 O -. O -30 O -) O -on O -mice O -suffering O -from O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -( O -AAP B-Chemical -) O -- O -hepatitis O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -AAP B-Chemical -- O -induced O -liver O -injury O -involves O -a O -step O -which O -depends O -on O -adenoribosylation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -investigates O -the O -effects O -of O -a O -diet O -free O -of O -precursors O -of O -NAD B-Chemical -, O -the O -substrate O -on O -which O -PARP O -acts O -, O -in O -female O -NMRI O -mice O -with O -AAP B-Chemical -hepatitis O -and O -evaluates O -the O -influence O -of O -simultaneous O -ethanol B-Chemical -consumption O -in O -these O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -injuries O -were O -quantified O -as O -serum O -activities O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -- O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -transaminase O -( O -GOT O -) O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -- O -pyruvate B-Chemical -transaminase O -( O -GPT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -AAP B-Chemical -caused O -a O -117 O -- O -fold O -elevation O -of O -serum O -transaminase O -activities O -in O -mice O -kept O -on O -a O -standard O -laboratory O -diet O -, O -which O -was O -significantly O -exacerbated O -by O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -inhibited O -by O -nicotinic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -amide I-Chemical -( O -NAA B-Chemical -) O -, O -adverse O -effects O -were O -noted O -in O -animals O -fed O -a O -diet O -free O -of O -precursors O -of O -NAD B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -animals O -, O -only O -minor O -increases O -of O -serum O -transaminase O -activities O -were O -measured O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -AAP B-Chemical -, O -and O -unlike O -the O -exacerbation O -caused O -by O -ethanol B-Chemical -in O -mice O -on O -a O -standard O -diet O -, O -the O -liver O -damage O -was O -inhibited O -by O -50 O -% O -by O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -further O -64 O -% O -reduction O -of O -hepatitis O -was O -observed O -, O -when O -NAA B-Chemical -was O -given O -to O -ethanol B-Chemical -/ O -AAP B-Chemical -- O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -provide O -evidence O -that O -the O -AAP B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hepatitis O -and O -its O -exacerbation O -by O -ethanol B-Chemical -can O -either O -be O -reduced O -by O -end O -- O -product O -inhibition O -of O -PARP O -by O -NAA B-Chemical -or O -by O -dietary O -depletion O -of O -the O -enzyme O -' O -s O -substrate O -NAD B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -see O -the O -main O -application O -of O -NAA B-Chemical -as O -for O -the O -combinational O -use O -in O -pharmaceutical O -preparations O -of O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -in O -order O -to O -avoid O -hepatic O -damage O -in O -patients O -treated O -with O -this O -widely O -used O -analgesic O -. O - -aps B-category -Nightmares O -and O -hallucinations O -after O -long O -- O -term O -intake O -of O -tramadol B-Chemical -combined O -with O -antidepressants O -. O - -aps B-category -Tramadol B-Chemical -is O -a O -weak O -opioid O -with O -effects O -on O -adrenergic O -and O -serotonergic O -neurotransmission O -that O -is O -used O -to O -treat O -cancer O -pain O -and O -chronic O -non O -malignant O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -drug O -was O -initiated O -in O -association O -with O -paroxetine B-Chemical -and O -dosulepine B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -in O -a O -tetraparetic O -patient O -with O -chronic O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifty O -- O -six O -days O -after O -initiation O -of O -the O -treatment O -the O -patient O -presented O -hallucinations O -that O -only O -stopped O -after O -the O -withdrawal O -of O -psycho O -- O -active O -drugs O -and O -tramadol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -case O -report O -questions O -the O -long O -term O -use O -of O -pain O -killers O -combined O -with O -psycho O -- O -active O -drugs O -in O -chronic O -non O -malignant O -pain O -, O -especially O -if O -pain O -is O -under O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -and O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -therapy O -on O -desipramine B-Chemical -toxicity O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Hypotension O -is O -a O -major O -contributor O -to O -mortality O -in O -tricyclic O -antidepressant O -overdose O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -data O -suggest O -that O -tricyclic O -antidepressants O -inhibit O -calcium B-Chemical -influx O -in O -some O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -addressed O -the O -potential O -role O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blockade O -in O -tricyclic O -antidepressant O -- O -induced O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Two O -interventions O -were O -studied O -that O -have O -been O -shown O -previously O -to O -improve O -blood O -pressure O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blocker O -overdose O -. O - -aps B-category -CaCl2 B-Chemical -and O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Anesthetized O -rats O -received O -the O -tricyclic O -antidepressant O -desipramine B-Chemical -IP O -to O -produce O -hypotension O -, O -QRS O -prolongation O -, O -and O -bradycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifteen O -min O -later O -, O -animals O -received O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -, O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -, O -or O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -second O -experiment O -, O -rats O -received O -tricyclic O -antidepressant O -desipramine B-Chemical -IP O -followed O -in O -15 O -min O -by O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -or O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -briefly O -( O -5 O -min O -) O -reversed O -hypotension O -and O -QRS O -prolongation O -. O - -aps B-category -CaCl2 B-Chemical -and O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -failed O -to O -improve O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -ventricular O -arrhythmias O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -004 O -) O -and O -seizures O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -03 O -) O -in O -the O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -group O -was O -higher O -than O -the O -other O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -The O -administration O -of O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -or O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -did O -not O -reverse O -tricyclic O -antidepressant O -- O -induced O -hypotension O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -CaCl2 B-Chemical -therapy O -may O -possibly O -worsen O -both O -cardiovascular O -and O -central O -nervous O -system O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -do O -not O -support O -a O -role O -for O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -inhibition O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -tricyclic O -antidepressant O -- O -induced O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Valsartan B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -antagonist O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -essential O -hypertension O -: O -a O -comparative O -study O -of O -the O -efficacy O -and O -safety O -against O -amlodipine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -compare O -the O -antihypertensive O -efficacy O -of O -a O -new O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -antagonist O -, O -valsartan B-Chemical -, O -with O -a O -reference O -therapy O -, O -amlodipine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -One O -hundred O -sixty O -- O -eight O -adult O -outpatients O -with O -mild O -to O -moderate O -hypertension O -were O -randomly O -allocated O -in O -double O -- O -blind O -fashion O -and O -equal O -number O -to O -receive O -80 O -mg O -valsartan B-Chemical -or O -5 O -mg O -amlodipine B-Chemical -for O -12 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -8 O -weeks O -of O -therapy O -, O -in O -patients O -whose O -blood O -pressure O -remained O -uncontrolled O -, O -5 O -mg O -amlodipine B-Chemical -was O -added O -to O -the O -initial O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -assessed O -at O -4 O -, O -8 O -, O -and O -12 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -primary O -efficacy O -variable O -was O -change O -from O -baseline O -in O -mean O -sitting O -diastolic O -blood O -pressure O -at O -8 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Secondary O -variables O -included O -change O -in O -sitting O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -and O -responder O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Both O -valsartan B-Chemical -and O -amlodipine B-Chemical -were O -effective O -at O -lowering O -blood O -pressure O -at O -4 O -, O -8 O -, O -and O -12 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -decreases O -were O -observed O -in O -both O -groups O -, O -with O -no O -statistically O -significant O -differences O -between O -the O -groups O -for O -any O -variable O -analyzed O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -the O -primary O -variable O -the O -difference O -was O -0 O -. O -5 O -mm O -Hg O -in O -favor O -of O -valsartan B-Chemical -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -68 O -; O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -, O -- O -2 O -. O -7 O -to O -1 O -. O -7 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Responder O -rates O -at O -8 O -weeks O -were O -66 O -. O -7 O -% O -for O -valsartan B-Chemical -and O -60 O -. O -2 O -% O -for O -amlodipine B-Chemical -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -39 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -treatments O -were O -well O -tolerated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -drug O -- O -related O -dependent O -edema O -was O -somewhat O -higher O -in O -the O -amlodipine B-Chemical -group O -, O -particularly O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -10 O -mg O -per O -day O -( O -2 O -. O -4 O -% O -for O -80 O -mg O -valsartan B-Chemical -; O -3 O -. O -6 O -% O -for O -5 O -mg O -amlodipine B-Chemical -; O -0 O -% O -for O -valsartan B-Chemical -plus O -5 O -mg O -amlodipine B-Chemical -; O -14 O -. O -3 O -% O -for O -10 O -mg O -amlodipine B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -data O -show O -that O -valsartan B-Chemical -is O -at O -least O -as O -effective O -as O -amlodipine B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -mild O -to O -moderate O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -also O -show O -valsartan B-Chemical -to O -be O -well O -tolerated O -and O -suggest O -that O -it O -is O -not O -associated O -with O -side O -effects O -characteristic O -of O -this O -comparator O -class O -, O -dihydropyridine B-Chemical -calcium B-Chemical -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -measure O -of O -pupillary O -oscillation O -as O -a O -marker O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -paranoia O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -paranoia O -( O -CIP O -) O -remains O -an O -important O -drug O -- O -induced O -model O -of O -idiopathic O -paranoia O -for O -which O -no O -psychophysiologic O -marker O -has O -yet O -emerged O -. O - -aps B-category -Measures O -of O -pupillary O -oscillation O -were O -able O -to O -significantly O -distinguish O -a O -group O -of O -abstinent O -crack B-Chemical -cocaine I-Chemical -abusers O -endorsing O -past O -CIP O -( O -n O -= O -32 O -) O -from O -another O -group O -of O -crack B-Chemical -addicts O -who O -denied O -past O -CIP O -( O -n O -= O -29 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Serotonin O -syndrome O -from O -venlafaxine B-Chemical -- O -tranylcypromine B-Chemical -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Excessive O -stimulation O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -5HT1A O -receptors O -causes O -a O -syndrome O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -excess O -that O -consists O -of O -shivering O -, O -muscle O -rigidity O -, O -salivation O -, O -confusion O -, O -agitation O -and O -hyperthermia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -common O -cause O -of O -this O -syndrome O -is O -an O -interaction O -between O -a O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitor O -( O -MAOI O -) O -and O -a O -specific O -serotonin B-Chemical -reuptake O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -Venlafaxine B-Chemical -is O -a O -new O -antidepressant O -agent O -that O -inhibits O -the O -reuptake O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -venlafaxine B-Chemical -- O -MAOI O -interaction O -that O -resulted O -in O -the O -serotonin O -syndrome O -in O -a O -23 O -- O -y O -- O -old O -male O -who O -was O -taking O -tranylcypromine B-Chemical -for O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -had O -been O -well O -until O -the O -morning O -of O -presentation O -when O -he O -took O -1 O -/ O -2 O -tab O -of O -venlafaxine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -2 O -h O -he O -became O -confused O -with O -jerking O -movements O -of O -his O -extremities O -, O -tremors O -and O -rigidity O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -was O -brought O -directly O -to O -a O -hospital O -where O -he O -was O -found O -to O -be O -agitated O -and O -confused O -with O -shivering O -, O -myoclonic O -jerks O -, O -rigidity O -, O -salivation O -and O -diaphoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -His O -pupils O -were O -7 O -mm O -and O -sluggishly O -reactive O -to O -light O -. O - -aps B-category -Vital O -signs O -were O -: O -blood O -pressure O -120 O -/ O -67 O -mm O -Hg O -, O -heart O -rate O -127 O -/ O -min O -, O -respiratory O -rate O -28 O -/ O -min O -, O -and O -temperature O -97 O -F O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -180 O -mg O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -i O -. O -v O -. O -he O -remained O -tremulous O -with O -muscle O -rigidity O -and O -clenched O -jaws O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -was O -intubated O -for O -airway O -protection O -and O -because O -of O -hypoventilation O -, O -and O -was O -paralyzed O -to O -control O -muscle O -rigidity O -. O - -aps B-category -His O -subsequent O -course O -was O -remarkable O -for O -non O -- O -immune O -thrombocytopenia O -which O -resolved O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -' O -s O -maximal O -temperature O -was O -101 O -. O -2 O -F O -and O -his O -CPK O -remained O -< O -500 O -units O -/ O -L O -with O -no O -other O -evidence O -of O -rhabdomyolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -His O -mental O -status O -normalized O -and O -he O -was O -transferred O -to O -a O -psychiatry O -ward O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -patient O -survived O -without O -sequelae O -due O -to O -the O -aggressive O -sedation O -and O -neuromuscular O -paralysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -associated O -bladder O -cancer O -- O -- O -a O -highly O -aggressive O -disease O -: O -analysis O -of O -12 O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -We O -gained O -knowledge O -of O -the O -etiology O -, O -treatment O -and O -prevention O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -associated O -urothelial O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -MATERIALS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -The O -medical O -records O -of O -6 O -men O -and O -6 O -women O -( O -mean O -age O -55 O -years O -) O -with O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -associated O -bladder O -cancer O -were O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -All O -tumors O -were O -grade O -3 O -or O -4 O -transitional O -cell O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -5 O -patients O -initially O -treated O -with O -endoscopic O -resection O -alone O -only O -1 O -is O -alive O -without O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -6 O -patients O -who O -underwent O -early O -cystectomy O -4 O -were O -alive O -at O -24 O -to O -111 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -remaining O -patient O -with O -extensive O -cancer O -underwent O -partial O -cystectomy O -for O -palliation O -and O -died O -3 O -months O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -associated O -bladder O -tumor O -is O -an O -aggressive O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -long O -- O -term O -survival O -is O -possible O -when O -radical O -cystectomy O -is O -performed O -for O -bladder O -tumors O -with O -any O -sign O -of O -invasion O -and O -for O -recurrent O -high O -grade O -disease O -, O -even O -when O -noninvasive O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -phase O -I O -clinical O -study O -of O -the O -antipurine B-Chemical -antifolate O -lometrexol B-Chemical -( O -DDATHF B-Chemical -) O -given O -with O -oral O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lometrexol B-Chemical -is O -an O -antifolate O -which O -inhibits O -glycinamide B-Chemical -ribonucleotide I-Chemical -formyltransferase O -( O -GARFT O -) O -, O -an O -enzyme O -essential O -for O -de O -novo O -purine B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Extensive O -experimental O -and O -limited O -clinical O -data O -have O -shown O -that O -lometrexol B-Chemical -has O -activity O -against O -tumours O -which O -are O -refractory O -to O -other O -drugs O -, O -notably O -methotrexate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -initial O -clinical O -development O -of O -lometrexol B-Chemical -was O -curtailed O -because O -of O -severe O -and O -cumulative O -antiproliferative O -toxicities O -. O - -aps B-category -Preclinical O -murine O -studies O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -toxicity O -of O -lometrexol B-Chemical -can O -be O -prevented O -by O -low O -dose O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -administration O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -for O -7 O -days O -prior O -to O -and O -7 O -days O -following O -a O -single O -bolus O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -observation O -prompted O -a O -Phase O -I O -clinical O -study O -of O -lometrexol B-Chemical -given O -with O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -supplementation O -which O -has O -confirmed O -that O -the O -toxicity O -of O -lometrexol B-Chemical -can O -be O -markedly O -reduced O -by O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -supplementation O -. O - -aps B-category -Thrombocytopenia O -and O -mucositis O -were O -the O -major O -toxicities O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -clear O -relationship O -between O -clinical O -toxicity O -and O -the O -extent O -of O -plasma O -folate B-Chemical -elevation O -. O - -aps B-category -Associated O -studies O -demonstrated O -that O -lometrexol B-Chemical -plasma O -pharmacokinetics O -were O -not O -altered O -by O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -administration O -indicating O -that O -supplementation O -is O -unlikely O -to O -reduce O -toxicity O -by O -enhancing O -lometrexol B-Chemical -plasma O -clearance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -work O -described O -in O -this O -report O -has O -identified O -for O -the O -first O -time O -a O -clinically O -acceptable O -schedule O -for O -the O -administration O -of O -a O -GARFT O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -information O -will O -facilitate O -the O -future O -evaluation O -of O -this O -class O -of O -compounds O -in O -cancer O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Fatal O -excited O -delirium O -following O -cocaine B-Chemical -use O -: O -epidemiologic O -findings O -provide O -new O -evidence O -for O -mechanisms O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -an O -outbreak O -of O -deaths O -from O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -excited O -delirium O -( O -EDDs O -) O -in O -Dade O -County O -, O -Florida O -between O -1979 O -and O -1990 O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -a O -registry O -of O -all O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -related O -deaths O -in O -Dade O -County O -, O -Florida O -, O -from O -1969 O -- O -1990 O -, O -58 O -EDDs O -were O -compared O -with O -125 O -victims O -of O -accidental O -cocaine B-Chemical -overdose O -without O -excited O -delirium O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -with O -controls O -, O -EDDs O -were O -more O -frequently O -black O -, O -male O -, O -and O -younger O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -were O -less O -likely O -to O -have O -a O -low O -body O -mass O -index O -, O -and O -more O -likely O -to O -have O -died O -in O -police O -custody O -, O -to O -have O -received O -medical O -treatment O -immediately O -before O -death O -, O -to O -have O -survived O -for O -a O -longer O -period O -, O -to O -have O -developed O -hyperthermia O -, O -and O -to O -have O -died O -in O -summer O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -EDDs O -had O -concentrations O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -benzoylecgonine B-Chemical -in O -autopsy O -blood O -that O -were O -similar O -to O -those O -for O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -epidemiologic O -findings O -are O -most O -consistent O -with O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -chronic O -cocaine B-Chemical -use O -disrupts O -dopaminergic O -function O -and O -, O -when O -coupled O -with O -recent O -cocaine B-Chemical -use O -, O -may O -precipitate O -agitation O -, O -delirium O -, O -aberrant O -thermoregulation O -, O -rhabdomyolysis O -, O -and O -sudden O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -Pemoline B-Chemical -induced O -acute O -choreoathetosis O -: O -case O -report O -and O -review O -of O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Pemoline B-Chemical -is O -an O -oxazolidine B-Chemical -derivative O -that O -is O -structurally O -different O -from O -amphetamines B-Chemical -and O -used O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -attention O -deficit O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -Pemoline B-Chemical -has O -not O -been O -commonly O -associated O -in O -the O -literature O -as O -a O -cause O -of O -acute O -movement O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -case O -describes O -two O -children O -acutely O -poisoned O -with O -pemoline B-Chemical -who O -experienced O -profound O -choreoathetosis O -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -REPORT O -: O -Two O -, O -3 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -male O -, O -identical O -twin O -siblings O -presented O -to O -the O -emergency O -department O -after O -found O -playing O -with O -a O -an O -empty O -bottle O -of O -pemoline B-Chemical -originally O -containing O -59 O -tablets O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -children O -had O -a O -medical O -history O -significant O -for O -attention O -deficit O -disorder O -previously O -treated O -with O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -without O -success O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -their O -first O -day O -of O -pemoline B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -choreoathetoid O -movements O -began O -45 O -min O -to O -1 O -h O -after O -ingestion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -children O -gave O -no O -history O -of O -prior O -movement O -disorders O -and O -there O -was O -no O -family O -history O -of O -movement O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -children O -received O -gastrointestinal O -decontamination O -and O -high O -doses O -of O -intravenous O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -in O -an O -attempt O -to O -control O -the O -choreoathetoid O -movements O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -treatment O -, O -the O -children O -continued O -to O -have O -choreoathetosis O -for O -approximately O -24 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -- O -eight O -hours O -after O -admission O -, O -the O -children O -appeared O -to O -be O -at O -their O -baseline O -and O -were O -discharged O -home O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Pemoline B-Chemical -associated O -movement O -disorder O -has O -been O -rarely O -reported O -in O -the O -acute O -toxicology O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -of O -choreoathetoid O -movements O -should O -be O -considered O -in O -patients O -presenting O -after O -pemoline B-Chemical -overdose O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -myopic O -excimer O -laser O -photorefractive O -keratectomy O -on O -the O -electrophysiologic O -function O -of O -the O -retina O -and O -optic O -nerve O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -To O -assess O -by O -electrophysiologic O -testing O -the O -effect O -of O -photorefractive O -keratectomy O -( O -PRK O -) O -on O -the O -retina O -and O -optic O -nerve O -. O - -aps B-category -SETTING O -: O -Eye O -Clinic O -, O -S O -. O - -aps B-category -Salvatore O -Hospital O -, O -L O -' O -Aquila O -University O -, O -Italy O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Standard O -pattern O -electroretinograms O -( O -P O -- O -ERGs O -) O -and O -standard O -pattern O -visual O -evoked O -potentials O -( O -P O -- O -VEPs O -) O -were O -done O -in O -25 O -eyes O -of O -25 O -patients O -who O -had O -myopic O -PRK O -for O -an O -attempted O -correction O -between O -5 O -. O -00 O -and O -15 O -. O -00 O -diopters O -( O -D O -) O -( O -mean O -8 O -. O -00 O -D O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Testing O -was O -done O -preoperatively O -and O -3 O -, O -6 O -, O -12 O -, O -and O -18 O -months O -postoperatively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -contralateral O -eyes O -served O -as O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -follow O -- O -up O -, O -3 O -patients O -( O -12 O -% O -) O -developed O -steroid B-Chemical -- O -induced O -elevated O -intraocular O -pressure O -( O -IOP O -) O -that O -resolved O -after O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -therapy O -was O -discontinued O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -No O -statistically O -significant O -differences O -were O -seen O -between O -treated O -and O -control O -eyes O -nor O -between O -treated O -eyes O -preoperatively O -and O -postoperatively O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Myopic O -excimer O -laser O -PRK O -did O -not O -seem O -to O -affect O -the O -posterior O -segment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -transient O -steroid B-Chemical -- O -induced O -IOP O -rise O -did O -not O -seem O -to O -cause O -functional O -impairment O -. O - -aps B-category -Neutrophil O -superoxide B-Chemical -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -production O -in O -patients O -with O -acute O -liver O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Defects O -in O -superoxide B-Chemical -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -production O -may O -be O -implicated O -in O -the O -high O -incidence O -of O -bacterial O -infections O -in O -patients O -with O -acute O -liver O -failure O -( O -ALF O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -radical O -production O -in O -patients O -with O -ALF O -due O -to O -paracetamol B-Chemical -overdose O -was O -compared O -with O -that O -of O -healthy O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -Neutrophils O -from O -14 O -ALF O -patients O -were O -stimulated O -via O -the O -complement O -receptors O -using O -zymosan O -opsonized O -with O -ALF O -or O -control O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Superoxide B-Chemical -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -production O -by O -ALF O -neutrophils O -stimulated O -with O -zymosan O -opsonized O -with O -ALF O -serum O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -compared O -with O -the O -control O -subjects O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -defect O -persisted O -when O -zymosan O -opsonized O -by O -control O -serum O -was O -used O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Superoxide B-Chemical -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -production O -in O -neutrophils O -stimulated O -with O -formyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenylalanine I-Chemical -( O -fMLP B-Chemical -) O -from O -a O -further O -18 O -ALF O -patients O -was O -unaffected O -compared O -with O -control O -neutrophils O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -C3 O -complement O -levels O -were O -significantly O -reduced O -in O -ALF O -patients O -compared O -with O -control O -subjects O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -0005 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -demonstrate O -a O -neutrophil O -defect O -in O -ALF O -due O -to O -paracetamol B-Chemical -overdose O -, O -that O -is O -complement O -dependent O -but O -independent O -of O -serum O -complement O -, O -possibly O -connected O -to O -the O -complement O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholesteryl B-Chemical -hemisuccinate I-Chemical -treatment O -protects O -rodents O -from O -the O -toxic O -effects O -of O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -, O -adriamycin B-Chemical -, O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -, O -chloroform B-Chemical -and O -galactosamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -its O -use O -as O -a O -stabilizer O -/ O -rigidifier O -of O -membranes O -, O -cholesteryl B-Chemical -hemisuccinate I-Chemical -, O -tris B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -( O -CS B-Chemical -) O -administration O -has O -also O -been O -shown O -to O -protect O -rats O -from O -the O -hepatotoxic O -effects O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -( O -CCl4 B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -further O -our O -understanding O -of O -the O -mechanism O -of O -CS B-Chemical -cytoprotection O -, O -we O -examined O -in O -rats O -and O -mice O -the O -protective O -abilities O -of O -CS B-Chemical -and O -the O -non O -- O -hydrolyzable O -ether O -form O -of O -CS B-Chemical -, O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cholesteryloxybutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -tris B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -( O -CSE B-Chemical -) O -against O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -- O -, O -adriamycin B-Chemical -- O -, O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -- O -, O -chloroform B-Chemical -- O -and O -galactosamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -these O -studies O -demonstrated O -that O -CS B-Chemical -- O -mediated O -protection O -is O -not O -selective O -for O -a O -particular O -species O -, O -organ O -system O -or O -toxic O -chemical O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -24 O -- O -h O -pretreatment O -of O -both O -rats O -and O -mice O -with O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -CS B-Chemical -( O -100mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -, O -resulted O -in O -significant O -protection O -against O -the O -hepatotoxic O -effects O -of O -CCl4 B-Chemical -, O -CHCl3 B-Chemical -, O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -and O -galactosamine B-Chemical -and O -against O -the O -lethal O -( O -and O -presumably O -cardiotoxic O -) O -effect O -of O -adriamycin B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximal O -CS B-Chemical -- O -mediated O -protection O -was O -observed O -in O -experimental O -animals O -pretreated O -24 O -h O -prior O -to O -the O -toxic O -insult O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -CS B-Chemical -intervenes O -in O -a O -critical O -cellular O -event O -that O -is O -an O -important O -common O -pathway O -to O -toxic O -cell O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -CS B-Chemical -protection O -does O -not O -appear O -to O -be O -dependent O -on O -the O -inhibition O -of O -chemical O -bioactivation O -to O -a O -toxic O -reactive O -intermediate O -( O -in O -light O -of O -the O -protection O -observed O -against O -galactosamine B-Chemical -hepatotoxicity O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -based O -on O -the O -data O -presented O -, O -we O -can O -not O -exclude O -the O -possibility O -that O -CS B-Chemical -administration O -inhibits O -chemical O -bioactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -findings O -do O -suggest O -that O -CS B-Chemical -- O -mediated O -protection O -is O -dependent O -on O -the O -action O -of O -the O -intact O -anionic O -CS B-Chemical -molecule O -( O -non O -- O -hydrolyzable O -CSE B-Chemical -was O -as O -protective O -as O -CS B-Chemical -) O -, O -whose O -mechanism O -has O -yet O -to O -be O -defined O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -murine O -model O -of O -adenomyosis O -: O -the O -effects O -of O -hyperprolactinemia O -induced O -by O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -, O -a O -selective O -serotonin B-Chemical -reuptake O -inhibitor O -, O -on O -adenomyosis O -induction O -in O -Wistar O -albino O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -investigate O -whether O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -given O -to O -castrated O -and O -noncastrated O -rats O -caused O -hyperprolactinemia O -and O -its O -effects O -with O -respect O -to O -adenomyosis O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -Fluoxetine B-Chemical -, O -a O -serotonin B-Chemical -reuptake O -inhibitor O -, O -was O -given O -to O -Wistar O -Albino O -rats O -for O -98 O -days O -to O -produce O -hyperprolactinemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -was O -given O -to O -two O -groups O -consisting O -of O -castrated O -and O -noncastrated O -rats O -and O -compared O -to O -two O -groups O -of O -castrated O -and O -noncastrated O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolactin O -levels O -were O -measured O -and O -the O -uteri O -of O -the O -rats O -were O -removed O -for O -histopathological O -analysis O -at O -the O -end O -of O -98 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -SETTING O -: O -Marmara O -University O -School O -of O -Medicine O -, O -Department O -of O -Histology O -and O -Embryology O -, O -Zeynep O -Kamil O -Women O -and O -Children O -' O -s O -Hospital O -. O - -aps B-category -MAIN O -OUTCOME O -MEASURES O -: O -Serum O -prolactin O -levels O -, O -uterine O -histopathology O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -prolactin O -levels O -of O -castrated O -and O -noncastrated O -groups O -treated O -with O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -were O -statistically O -significantly O -higher O -when O -compared O -to O -their O -respective O -control O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Histological O -studies O -revealed O -11 O -cases O -of O -adenomyosis O -, O -all O -within O -the O -noncastrated O -group O -receiving O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -It O -was O -suggested O -that O -high O -serum O -prolactin O -levels O -cause O -degeneration O -of O -myometrial O -cells O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -ovarian O -steroids B-Chemical -that O -results O -in O -a O -myometrial O -invasion O -by O -endometrial O -stroma O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -invasion O -eventually O -progresses O -to O -adenomyosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Postinfarction O -ventricular O -septal O -defect O -associated O -with O -long O -- O -term O -steroid B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -cases O -of O -postinfarction O -ventricular O -septal O -rupture O -in O -patients O -on O -long O -- O -term O -steroid B-Chemical -therapy O -are O -presented O -and O -the O -favourable O -outcome O -in O -both O -cases O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -possible O -association O -between O -steroid B-Chemical -therapy O -and O -subsequent O -postinfarction O -septal O -rupture O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroactive O -steroids B-Chemical -protect O -against O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -and O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -induced O -limbic O -seizures O -and O -status O -epilepticus O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -structurally O -related O -metabolites O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -( O -3 B-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -pregnane I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -20 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ones I-Chemical -) O -and O -deoxycorticosterone B-Chemical -( O -3 B-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -pregnane I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -21 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -20 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ones I-Chemical -) O -and O -their O -3 O -beta O -- O -epimers O -were O -evaluated O -for O -protective O -activity O -against O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -, O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -and O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -( O -NMDA B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -seizures O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Steroids B-Chemical -with O -the O -3 O -- O -hydroxy O -group O -in O -the O -alpha O -- O -position O -and O -5 O -- O -H O -in O -the O -alpha O -- O -or O -beta O -- O -configurations O -were O -highly O -effective O -in O -protecting O -against O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -( O -416 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -- O -induced O -limbic O -motor O -seizures O -and O -status O -epilepticus O -( O -ED50 O -values O -, O -7 O -. O -0 O -- O -18 O -. O -7 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -corresponding O -epimers O -with O -the O -3 O -- O -hydroxy O -group O -in O -the O -beta O -- O -position O -were O -also O -effective O -but O -less O -potent O -( O -ED50 O -values O -, O -33 O -. O -8 O -- O -63 O -. O -5 O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -neuroactive O -steroids B-Chemical -were O -considerably O -less O -potent O -than O -the O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -clonazepam B-Chemical -in O -protecting O -against O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -seizures O -, O -steroids B-Chemical -with O -the O -5 O -alpha O -, O -3 O -alpha O -- O -configuration O -had O -comparable O -or O -higher O -protective O -index O -values O -( O -TD50 O -for O -motor O -impairment O -divided O -by O -ED50 O -for O -seizure O -protection O -) O -than O -clonazepam B-Chemical -, O -indicating O -that O -some O -neuroactive O -steroids B-Chemical -may O -have O -lower O -relative O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Steroids B-Chemical -with O -the O -5 O -alpha O -, O -3 O -alpha O -- O -or O -5 O -beta O -, O -3 O -alpha O -- O -configurations O -also O -produced O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -delay O -in O -the O -onset O -of O -limbic O -seizures O -induced O -by O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -32 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -, O -but O -did O -not O -completely O -protect O -against O -the O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -when O -a O -second O -dose O -of O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -was O -administered O -1 O -hr O -after O -the O -first O -dose O -, O -complete O -protection O -from O -the O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -induced O -limbic O -seizures O -and O -status O -epilepticus O -was O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -steroids B-Chemical -also O -caused O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -delay O -in O -NMDA B-Chemical -( O -257 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -- O -induced O -lethality O -, O -but O -did O -not O -completely O -protect O -against O -NMDA B-Chemical -seizures O -or O -lethality O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -neuroactive O -steroids B-Chemical -are O -highly O -effective O -in O -protecting O -against O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -and O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -and O -status O -epilepticus O -in O -mice O -, O -and O -may O -be O -of O -utility O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -some O -forms O -of O -status O -epilepticus O -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -and O -extrahepatic O -angiotensinogen O -gene O -expression O -in O -rats O -with O -acute O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -concentration O -and O -urine O -excretion O -of O -the O -renin O -- O -angiotensin B-Chemical -system O -proteins O -are O -altered O -in O -rats O -with O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -( O -NS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -work O -the O -messenger O -ribonucleic O -acid O -( O -mRNA O -) O -levels O -of O -angiotensinogen O -( O -Ao O -) O -were O -analyzed O -with O -the O -slot O -- O -blot O -hybridization O -technique O -in O -liver O -and O -other O -extrahepatic O -tissues O -: O -kidney O -, O -heart O -, O -brain O -, O -and O -adrenal O -gland O -from O -control O -, O -nephrotic O -, O -and O -pair O -- O -fed O -( O -PF O -) O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -NS O -was O -induced O -by O -a O -single O -injection O -of O -puromycin B-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nucleoside I-Chemical -( O -PAN B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -a O -great O -urinary O -excretion O -and O -half O -- O -normal O -plasma O -levels O -of O -Ao O -were O -observed O -on O -day O -6 O -after O -PAN B-Chemical -injection O -, O -when O -NS O -was O -clearly O -established O -, O -hepatic O -Ao O -mRNA O -levels O -did O -not O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -Ao O -mRNA O -levels O -did O -not O -change O -in O -any O -of O -the O -extrahepatic O -tissues O -studied O -on O -day O -6 O -, O -nor O -did O -its O -hepatic O -levels O -at O -days O -1 O -, O -3 O -, O -5 O -, O -or O -7 O -after O -PAN B-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -the O -hepatic O -and O -extrahepatic O -Ao O -mRNA O -levels O -are O -unaltered O -during O -the O -development O -of O -the O -acute O -NS O -induced O -by O -PAN B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic O -malignant O -syndrome O -with O -risperidone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic O -malignant O -syndrome O -is O -thought O -to O -be O -a O -result O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -D2 O -receptor O -blockade O -in O -the O -striatum O -of O -the O -basal O -ganglia O -. O - -aps B-category -Risperidone B-Chemical -, O -a O -benzisoxazole B-Chemical -derivative O -antipsychotic O -, O -has O -high O -serotonin B-Chemical -5 O -- O -HT2 O -receptor O -blockade O -and O -dose O -- O -related O -D2 O -receptor O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -ratio O -is O -believed O -to O -impart O -the O -low O -frequency O -of O -extrapyramidal O -symptoms O -with O -risperidone B-Chemical -at O -low O -dosages O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -this O -low O -frequency O -of O -extrapyramidal O -symptoms O -, O -it O -was O -thought O -the O -frequency O -of O -neuroleptic O -malignant O -syndrome O -might O -also O -be O -lowered O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -73 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -developed O -neuroleptic O -malignant O -syndrome O -after O -monotherapy O -with O -risperidone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -syndrome O -reversed O -after O -discontinuing O -risperidone B-Chemical -and O -starting O -treatment O -with O -dantrolene B-Chemical -and O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -appears O -that O -the O -protection O -from O -extrapyramidal O -side O -effects O -observed O -with O -risperidone B-Chemical -does O -not O -ensure O -protection O -from O -neuroleptic O -malignant O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -attenuating O -effect O -of O -carteolol B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonist O -, O -on O -neuroleptic O -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -known O -that O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonists O -are O -effective O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -akathisia O -, O -one O -of O -the O -extrapyramidal O -side O -effects O -that O -occur O -during O -neuroleptic O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic O -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -, O -a O -model O -of O -neuroleptic O -- O -induced O -extrapyramidal O -side O -effects O -, O -was O -considered O -suitable O -as O -a O -model O -for O -predicting O -neuroleptic O -- O -induced O -akathisia O -in O -humans O -, O -although O -neuroleptic O -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -was O -not O -considered O -a O -specific O -test O -for O -neuroleptic O -- O -induced O -akathisia O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -the O -effects O -of O -carteolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonist O -, O -on O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -in O -rats O -were O -behaviorally O -studied O -and O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -biperiden B-Chemical -, O -a O -muscarinic O -receptor O -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -Carteolol B-Chemical -, O -as O -well O -as O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -biperiden B-Chemical -, O -inhibited O -the O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -carteolol B-Chemical -was O -almost O -comparable O -to O -that O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -but O -was O -weaker O -than O -that O -of O -biperiden B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Carteolol B-Chemical -did O -not O -evoke O -postsynaptic O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -- O -stimulating O -behavioral O -signs O -such O -as O -stereotypy O -and O -hyperlocomotion O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Carteolol B-Chemical -did O -not O -antagonize O -the O -inhibitory O -effects O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -on O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -stereotypy O -and O -locomotor O -activity O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -carteolol B-Chemical -did O -not O -evoke O -5 O -- O -HT1A O -receptor O -- O -stimulating O -behavioral O -signs O -such O -as O -flat O -body O -posture O -and O -forepaw O -treading O -and O -did O -not O -inhibit O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -- O -induced O -head O -twitch O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -carteolol B-Chemical -did O -not O -inhibit O -physostigmine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -lethality O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -strongly O -suggest O -that O -carteolol B-Chemical -improves O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -via O -its O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonistic O -activity O -and O -is O -expected O -to O -be O -effective O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -akathisia O -without O -attenuating O -neuroleptic O -- O -induced O -antipsychotic O -effects O -due O -to O -its O -postsynaptic O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonistic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Granulosa O -cell O -tumor O -of O -the O -ovary O -associated O -with O -antecedent O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Increased O -attention O -has O -been O -focused O -recently O -on O -the O -estrogenic O -effects O -of O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Review O -of O -the O -literature O -reveals O -an O -association O -between O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -use O -and O -gynecologic O -tumors O -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -: O -A O -52 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -postmenopausal O -woman O -was O -treated O -with O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -for O -stage O -II O -estrogen B-Chemical -receptor O -- O -positive O -breast O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Her O -aspartate B-Chemical -transaminase O -and O -alanine B-Chemical -transaminase O -levels O -increase O -markedly O -after O -6 O -months O -of O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -an O -additional O -17 O -months O -of O -elevated O -serum O -transaminases O -, O -the O -patient O -was O -found O -to O -have O -a O -stage O -Ic O -granulosa O -cell O -tumor O -of O -the O -ovary O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Patients O -with O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -liver O -dysfunction O -may O -be O -at O -increased O -risk O -for O -granulosa O -cell O -tumors O -because O -of O -alterations O -in O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Lifetime O -treatment O -of O -mice O -with O -azidothymidine B-Chemical -( O -AZT B-Chemical -) O -produces O -myelodysplasia O -. O - -aps B-category -AZT B-Chemical -has O -induced O -a O -macrocytic O -anemia O -in O -AIDS O -patients O -on O -long O -term O -AZT B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -generally O -assumed O -that O -DNA O -elongation O -is O -stopped O -by O -the O -insertion O -of O -AZT B-Chemical -into O -the O -chain O -in O -place O -of O -thymidine B-Chemical -thus O -preventing O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -hydroxyl O -linkages O -and O -therefore O -suppresses O -hemopoietic O -progenitor O -cell O -proliferation O -in O -an O -early O -stage O -of O -differentiation O -. O - -aps B-category -CBA O -/ O -Ca O -male O -mice O -started O -on O -AZT B-Chemical -0 O -. O -75 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -H2O O -at O -84 O -days O -of O -age O -and O -kept O -on O -it O -for O -687 O -days O -when O -dosage O -reduced O -to O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -H2O O -for O -a O -group O -, O -another O -group O -removed O -from O -AZT B-Chemical -to O -see O -recovery O -, O -and O -third O -group O -remained O -on O -0 O -. O -75 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -687 O -days O -mice O -that O -had O -been O -on O -0 O -. O -75 O -mg O -had O -average O -platelet O -counts O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -x O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Histological O -examination O -on O -9 O -of O -10 O -mice O -with O -such O -thrombocytopenia O -showed O -changes O -compatible O -with O -myelodysplastic O -syndrome O -( O -MDS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -variety O -of O -histological O -patterns O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -two O -cases O -of O -hypocellular O -myelodysplasia O -, O -two O -cases O -of O -hypersegmented O -myelodysplastic O -granulocytosis O -, O -two O -cases O -of O -hypercellular O -marrow O -with O -abnormal O -megakaryocytes O -with O -bizarre O -nuclei O -, O -one O -case O -of O -megakaryocytic O -myelosis O -associated O -with O -a O -hyperplastic O -marrow O -, O -dysmyelopoiesis O -and O -a O -hypocellular O -marrow O -and O -two O -cases O -of O -myelodysplasia O -with O -dyserythropoiesis O -, O -hemosiderosis O -and O -a O -hypocellular O -marrow O -. O - -aps B-category -Above O -mentioned O -AZT B-Chemical -incorporation O -may O -have O -induced O -an O -ineffective O -hemopoiesis O -in O -the O -primitive O -hemopoietic O -progenitor O -cells O -, O -which O -is O -known O -to O -be O -seen O -commonly O -in O -the O -myelodysplastic O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Biphasic O -response O -of O -the O -SA O -node O -of O -the O -dog O -heart O -in O -vivo O -to O -selective O -administration O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -on O -the O -SA O -node O -of O -the O -dog O -heart O -was O -studied O -in O -vivo O -using O -a O -selective O -perfusion O -technique O -of O -the O -SA O -node O -artery O -. O - -aps B-category -Injections O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -in O -doses O -from O -100 O -microgram O -to O -3 O -mg O -into O -the O -artery O -produced O -a O -depression O -of O -the O -SA O -nodal O -activity O -by O -a O -direct O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -depression O -was O -followed O -by O -the O -sudden O -appearance O -of O -a O -stimulatory O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -Bilateral O -vagotomy O -and O -sympathectomy O -or O -prior O -administration O -of O -a O -ganglion O -blocker O -failed O -to O -inhibit O -the O -occurrence O -of O -the O -ketamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -tachycardia O -, O -while O -it O -was O -completely O -abolished O -in O -the O -reserpinized O -dogs O -or O -by O -a O -prior O -injection O -of O -a O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agent O -into O -the O -SA O -node O -artery O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -may O -indicate O -that O -an O -activation O -of O -the O -peripheral O -adrenergic O -mechanism O -plays O -an O -important O -role O -in O -the O -induction O -of O -the O -excitatory O -effect O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -injected O -in O -the O -SA O -node O -artery O -. O - -aps B-category -Over O -expression O -of O -vascular O -endothelial O -growth O -factor O -and O -its O -receptor O -during O -the O -development O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -rat O -pituitary O -tumors O -may O -mediate O -estrogen B-Chemical -- O -initiated O -tumor O -angiogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Estrogens B-Chemical -, O -which O -have O -been O -associated O -with O -several O -types O -of O -human O -and O -animal O -cancers O -, O -can O -induce O -tumor O -angiogenesis O -in O -the O -pituitary O -of O -Fischer O -344 O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanistic O -details O -of O -tumor O -angiogenesis O -induction O -, O -during O -estrogen B-Chemical -carcinogenesis O -, O -are O -still O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -elucidate O -the O -role O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -tumor O -angiogenesis O -in O -the O -pituitary O -of O -female O -rats O -, O -the O -density O -of O -blood O -vessels O -was O -analysed O -using O -factor O -VIII O -related O -antigen O -( O -FVIIIRAg O -) O -immunohistochemistry O -and O -the O -expression O -of O -vascular O -endothelial O -growth O -factor O -/ O -vascular O -permeability O -factor O -( O -VEGF O -/ O -VPF O -) O -was O -examined O -by O -Western O -blot O -and O -immunohistochemical O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -expression O -of O -VEGF O -receptor O -( O -VEGFR O -- O -2 O -/ O -Flk O -- O -1 O -/ O -KDR O -) O -was O -also O -examined O -by O -immunohistochemistry O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -demonstrated O -that O -17beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -( O -E2 B-Chemical -) O -induces O -neovascularization O -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -growth O -and O -enlargement O -of O -blood O -vessels O -after O -7 O -days O -of O -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -tumor O -angiogenic O -potential O -was O -associated O -with O -an O -elevated O -VEGF O -/ O -VPF O -protein O -expression O -in O -the O -E2 B-Chemical -exposed O -pituitary O -of O -ovariectomized O -( O -OVEX O -) O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -VEGF O -/ O -VPF O -and O -FVIIIRAg O -immunohistochemistry O -and O -endothelial O -specific O -lectin O -( O -UEA1 O -) O -binding O -studies O -, O -indicate O -that O -the O -elevation O -of O -VEGF O -protein O -expression O -initially O -occurred O -in O -both O -blood O -vessels O -and O -non O -- O -endothelial O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -15 O -days O -of O -E2 B-Chemical -exposure O -, O -VEGF O -/ O -VPF O -protein O -expression O -, O -in O -the O -non O -- O -endothelial O -cell O -population O -, O -sharply O -declined O -and O -was O -restricted O -to O -the O -blood O -vessels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -function O -of O -non O -- O -endothelial O -- O -derived O -VEGF O -is O -not O -clear O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -immunohistochemical O -studies O -demonstrated O -that O -VEGFR O -- O -2 O -( O -flk O -- O -1 O -/ O -KDR O -) O -, O -expression O -was O -elevated O -significantly O -in O -the O -endothelial O -cells O -of O -microblood O -vessels O -after O -7 O -days O -of O -E2 B-Chemical -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -over O -expression O -of O -VEGF O -and O -its O -receptor O -( O -VEGFR O -- O -2 O -) O -may O -play O -an O -important O -role O -in O -the O -initial O -step O -of O -the O -regulation O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -induced O -tumor O -angiogenesis O -in O -the O -rat O -pituitary O -. O - -aps B-category -Persistent O -nephrogenic O -diabetes O -insipidus O -following O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -case O -of O -a O -patient O -who O -developed O -severe O -hypernatraemic O -dehydration O -following O -a O -head O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -years O -previously O -he O -had O -been O -diagnosed O -to O -have O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrogenic O -diabetes O -insipidus O -, O -and O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -had O -been O -discontinued O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -remained O -thirsty O -and O -polyuric O -despite O -cessation O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -and O -investigations O -on O -admission O -showed O -him O -to O -have O -normal O -osmoregulated O -thirst O -and O -vasopressin B-Chemical -secretion O -, O -with O -clear O -evidence O -of O -nephrogenic O -diabetes O -insipidus O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -induced O -nephrogenic O -diabetes O -insipidus O -is O -considered O -to O -be O -reversible O -on O -cessation O -of O -therapy O -but O -polyuria O -persisted O -in O -this O -patient O -for O -ten O -years O -after O -lithium B-Chemical -was O -stopped O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -discuss O -the O -possible O -renal O -mechanisms O -and O -the O -implications O -for O -management O -of O -patients O -with O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrogenic O -diabetes O -insipidus O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -NIK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -247 I-Chemical -on O -cholinesterase O -and O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -amnesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -NIK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -247 I-Chemical -on O -cholinesterase O -, O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -amnesia O -and O -spontaneous O -movement O -were O -examined O -and O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -the O -well O -- O -known O -cholinesterase O -inhibitors O -tacrine B-Chemical -and O -E B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2020 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -NIK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -247 I-Chemical -, O -tacrine B-Chemical -and O -E B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2020 I-Chemical -all O -strongly O -inhibited O -acetylcholinesterase O -( O -AChE O -) O -in O -human O -red O -blood O -cells O -( O -IC50s O -= O -1 O -. O -0 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -, O -2 O -. O -9 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -and O -3 O -. O -7 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -NIK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -247 I-Chemical -and O -tacrine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -E B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2020 I-Chemical -, O -strongly O -inhibited O -butyrylcholinestrase O -( O -BuChE O -) O -in O -human O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -three O -drugs O -produced O -mixed O -inhibition O -of O -AChE O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -NIK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -247 I-Chemical -on O -AChE O -was O -reversible O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -compounds O -at O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -p O -. O -o O -. O -significantly O -improved O -the O -amnesia O -induced O -by O -scopolamine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -in O -rats O -performing O -a O -passive O -avoidance O -task O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -three O -compounds O -at O -1 O -and O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -p O -. O -o O -. O -did O -not O -significantly O -decrease O -spontaneous O -movement O -by O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -NIK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -247 I-Chemical -at O -a O -low O -dose O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -p O -. O -o O -. O -) O -improves O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -amnesia O -but O -does O -not O -affect O -spontaneous O -movement O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -suggest O -that O -NIK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -247 I-Chemical -may O -be O -a O -useful O -drug O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -Alzheimer O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Potential O -therapeutic O -use O -of O -the O -selective O -dopamine B-Chemical -D1 O -receptor O -agonist O -, O -A B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -86929 I-Chemical -: O -an O -acute O -study O -in O -parkinsonian O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -primed O -monkeys O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -utility O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA B-Chemical -) O -D1 O -receptor O -agonists O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -( O -PD O -) O -is O -still O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -therapeutic O -use O -of O -selective O -DA B-Chemical -D1 O -receptor O -agonists O -such O -as O -SKF B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -82958 I-Chemical -( O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -allyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tetrahydro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzaze I-Chemical -pine I-Chemical -hydrobromide I-Chemical -) O -and O -A B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -77636 I-Chemical -( O -[ B-Chemical -1R I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -3S I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -admantyl I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminomethyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzo I-Chemical -pyran I-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -) O -seems O -limited O -because O -of O -their O -duration O -of O -action O -, O -which O -is O -too O -short O -for O -SKF B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -82958 I-Chemical -( O -< O -1 O -hr O -) O -and O -too O -long O -for O -A B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -77636 I-Chemical -( O -> O -20 O -hr O -, O -leading O -to O -behavioral O -tolerance O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -therefore O -conducted O -the O -present O -acute O -dose O -- O -response O -study O -in O -four O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tetrahydropyridine I-Chemical -( O -MPTP B-Chemical -) O -- O -exposed O -cynomolgus O -monkeys O -primed O -to O -exhibit O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -to O -evaluate O -the O -locomotor O -and O -dyskinetic O -effects O -on O -challenge O -with O -four O -doses O -( O -from O -0 O -. O -03 O -to O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -of O -A B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -86929 I-Chemical -( O -[ B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -5aR I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -11bS I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5a I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -11b I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hexahydro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thia I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -+ I-Chemical -+ I-Chemical -+ I-Chemical -azacyclopent I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ena I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -c I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -phenathrene I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -10 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diol I-Chemical -) O -, O -a O -selective O -and O -full O -DA B-Chemical -D1 O -- O -like O -receptor O -agonist O -with O -an O -intermediate O -duration O -of O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Levodopa B-Chemical -and O -the O -DA B-Chemical -D2 O -- O -like O -receptor O -agonist O -, O -LY B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -171555 I-Chemical -( O -[ B-Chemical -4aR I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trans I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4a I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -8a I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -o I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5n I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyrazo I-Chemical -lo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -quinoline I-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -) O -were O -also O -used O -for O -comparison O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -administration O -of O -A B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -86929 I-Chemical -was O -as O -efficacious O -in O -alleviating O -MPTP B-Chemical -- O -induced O -parkinsonism O -as O -levodopa B-Chemical -and O -LY B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -171555 I-Chemical -, O -but O -was O -less O -likely O -to O -reproduce O -the O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -in O -these O -animals O -than O -with O -either O -LY B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -171555 I-Chemical -or O -subsequent O -challenge O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -stimulation O -of O -the O -DA B-Chemical -D1 O -receptor O -may O -provide O -better O -integration O -of O -neural O -inputs O -transmitted O -to O -the O -internal O -segment O -of O -the O -globus O -pallidus O -( O -referred O -to O -as O -the O -basal O -ganglia O -output O -) O -compared O -with O -levodopa B-Chemical -and O -selective O -DA B-Chemical -D2 O -receptor O -agonist O -. O - -aps B-category -Potent O -DA B-Chemical -D1 O -receptor O -agents O -with O -an O -intermediate O -duration O -of O -efficacy O -such O -as O -A B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -86929 I-Chemical -( O -approximately O -4 O -hr O -at O -higher O -doses O -tested O -) O -are O -potential O -therapeutic O -tools O -in O -PD O -and O -merit O -further O -attention O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuropeptide O -- O -Y O -immunoreactivity O -in O -the O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -model O -of O -temporal O -lobe O -epilepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuropeptide O -- O -Y O -( O -NPY O -) O -is O -expressed O -by O -granule O -cells O -and O -mossy O -fibres O -of O -the O -hippocampal O -dentate O -gyrus O -during O -experimental O -temporal O -lobe O -epilepsy O -( O -TLE O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -expression O -may O -represent O -an O -endogenous O -damping O -mechanism O -since O -NPY O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -block O -seizure O -- O -like O -events O -following O -high O -- O -frequency O -stimulation O -in O -hippocampal O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -( O -PILO B-Chemical -) O -model O -of O -epilepsy O -is O -characterized O -by O -an O -acute O -period O -of O -status O -epilepticus O -followed O -by O -spontaneous O -recurrent O -seizures O -and O -related O -brain O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -peroxidase O -- O -antiperoxidase O -immunostaining O -for O -NPY O -in O -several O -brain O -regions O -in O -this O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -PILO B-Chemical -- O -injected O -animals O -exhibited O -NPY O -immunoreactivity O -in O -the O -region O -of O -the O -mossy O -fibre O -terminals O -, O -in O -the O -dentate O -gyrus O -inner O -molecular O -layer O -and O -, O -in O -a O -few O -cases O -, O -within O -presumed O -granule O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -NPY O -immunoreactivity O -was O -also O -dramatically O -changed O -in O -the O -entorhinal O -cortex O -, O -amygdala O -and O -sensorimotor O -areas O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -PILO B-Chemical -injected O -animals O -exhibited O -a O -reduction O -in O -the O -number O -of O -NPY O -- O -immunoreactive O -interneurons O -compared O -with O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -demonstrate O -that O -changes O -in O -NPY O -expression O -, O -including O -expression O -in O -the O -granule O -cells O -and O -mossy O -fibres O -and O -the O -loss O -of O -vulnerable O -NPY O -neurons O -, O -are O -present O -in O -the O -PILO B-Chemical -model O -of O -TLE O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -significance O -of O -this O -changed O -synthesis O -of O -NPY O -remains O -to O -be O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Posteroventral O -medial O -pallidotomy O -in O -advanced O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Posteroventral O -medial O -pallidotomy O -sometimes O -produces O -striking O -improvement O -in O -patients O -with O -advanced O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -, O -but O -the O -studies O -to O -date O -have O -involved O -small O -numbers O -of O -patients O -and O -short O -- O -term O -follow O -- O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Forty O -patients O -with O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -underwent O -serial O -, O -detailed O -assessments O -both O -after O -drug O -withdrawal O -( O -" O -off O -" O -period O -) O -and O -while O -taking O -their O -optimal O -medical O -regimens O -( O -" O -on O -" O -period O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -were O -examined O -preoperatively O -and O -39 O -were O -examined O -at O -six O -months O -; O -27 O -of O -the O -patients O -were O -also O -examined O -at O -one O -year O -, O -and O -11 O -at O -two O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -percent O -improvements O -at O -six O -months O -were O -as O -follows O -: O -off O -- O -period O -score O -for O -overall O -motor O -function O -, O -28 O -percent O -( O -95 O -percent O -confidence O -interval O -, O -19 O -to O -38 O -percent O -) O -, O -with O -most O -of O -the O -improvement O -in O -the O -contralateral O -limbs O -; O -off O -- O -period O -score O -for O -activities O -of O -daily O -living O -, O -29 O -percent O -( O -95 O -percent O -confidence O -interval O -, O -19 O -to O -39 O -percent O -) O -; O -on O -- O -period O -score O -for O -contralateral O -dyskinesias O -, O -82 O -percent O -( O -95 O -percent O -confidence O -interval O -, O -72 O -to O -91 O -percent O -) O -; O -and O -on O -- O -period O -score O -for O -ipsilateral O -dyskinesias O -, O -44 O -percent O -( O -95 O -percent O -confidence O -interval O -, O -29 O -to O -59 O -percent O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -improvements O -in O -dyskinesias O -and O -the O -total O -scores O -for O -off O -- O -period O -parkinsonism O -, O -contralateral O -bradykinesia O -, O -and O -rigidity O -were O -sustained O -in O -the O -11 O -patients O -examined O -at O -two O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -improvement O -in O -ipsilateral O -dyskinesias O -was O -lost O -after O -one O -year O -, O -and O -the O -improvements O -in O -postural O -stability O -and O -gait O -lasted O -only O -three O -to O -six O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Approximately O -half O -the O -patients O -who O -had O -been O -dependent O -on O -assistance O -in O -activities O -of O -daily O -living O -in O -the O -off O -period O -before O -surgery O -became O -independent O -after O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -complications O -of O -surgery O -were O -generally O -well O -tolerated O -, O -and O -there O -were O -no O -significant O -changes O -in O -the O -use O -of O -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -In O -late O -- O -stage O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -, O -pallidotomy O -significantly O -reduces O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -and O -off O -- O -period O -disability O -. O - -aps B-category -Much O -of O -the O -benefit O -is O -sustained O -at O -two O -years O -, O -although O -some O -improvements O -, O -such O -as O -those O -on O -the O -ipsilateral O -side O -and O -in O -axial O -symptoms O -, O -wane O -within O -the O -first O -year O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -on O -- O -period O -symptoms O -that O -are O -resistant O -to O -dopaminergic O -therapy O -do O -not O -respond O -to O -pallidotomy O -. O - -aps B-category -Clarithromycin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -Clarithromycin B-Chemical -is O -a O -relatively O -new O -macrolide B-Chemical -antibiotic O -that O -offers O -twice O -- O -daily O -dosing O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -differs O -from O -erythromycin B-Chemical -only O -in O -the O -methylation O -of O -the O -hydroxyl O -group O -at O -position O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -side O -- O -effect O -profile O -of O -erythromycin B-Chemical -is O -established O -, O -including O -gastroenteritis O -and O -interactions O -with O -other O -drugs O -subject O -to O -hepatic O -mixed O -- O -function O -oxidase O -metabolism O -, O -experience O -with O -the O -newer O -macrolides B-Chemical -is O -still O -being O -recorded O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiotoxicity O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -after O -both O -intravenous O -and O -oral O -administration O -of O -erythromycin B-Chemical -but O -has O -never O -been O -reported O -with O -the O -newer O -macrolides B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -ventricular O -dysrhythmias O -that O -occurred O -after O -six O -therapeutic O -doses O -of O -clarithromycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dysrhythmias O -resolved O -after O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -glyceryl B-Chemical -trinitrate I-Chemical -on O -the O -sphincter O -of O -Oddi O -spasm O -evoked O -by O -prostigmine B-Chemical -- O -morphine B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -In O -this O -study O -the O -effect O -of O -glyceryl B-Chemical -trinitrate I-Chemical -on O -the O -prostigmine B-Chemical -- O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -sphincter O -of O -Oddi O -spasm O -was O -evaluated O -in O -nine O -female O -patients O -with O -sphincter O -of O -Oddi O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -Sphincter O -of O -Oddi O -spasm O -was O -induced O -by O -prostigmine B-Chemical -- O -morphine B-Chemical -administration O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -prostigmine B-Chemical -intramuscularly O -and O -10 O -mg O -morphine B-Chemical -subcutaneously O -) O -and O -visualized O -by O -quantitative O -hepatobiliary O -scintigraphy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -entire O -procedure O -was O -repeated O -during O -glyceryl B-Chemical -trinitrate I-Chemical -infusion O -( O -Nitrolingual B-Chemical -1 O -microg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -for O -120 O -min O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Prostigmine B-Chemical -- O -morphine B-Chemical -provocation O -caused O -significant O -increases O -in O -the O -time O -to O -peak O -activity O -( O -Tmax O -) O -over O -the O -hepatic O -hilum O -( O -HH O -: O -34 O -. O -33 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -. O -05 O -vs O -. O -22 O -. O -77 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -26 O -) O -and O -the O -common O -bile O -duct O -( O -CBD O -: O -60 O -. O -44 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -. O -99 O -vs O -. O -40 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -88 O -) O -and O -in O -the O -half O -- O -time O -of O -excretion O -( O -T1 O -/ O -2 O -) O -over O -the O -liver O -parenchyma O -( O -LP O -: O -120 O -. O -04 O -+ O -/ O -- O -16 O -. O -01 O -vs O -. O -27 O -. O -37 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -19 O -) O -, O -HH O -( O -117 O -. O -61 O -+ O -/ O -- O -14 O -. O -71 O -vs O -. O -31 O -. O -85 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -99 O -) O -and O -CBD O -( O -158 O -. O -11 O -+ O -/ O -- O -9 O -. O -18 O -vs O -. O -40 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -. O -24 O -) O -, O -indicating O -a O -complete O -spasm O -at O -the O -level O -of O -the O -sphincter O -of O -Oddi O -. O - -aps B-category -Glyceryl B-Chemical -trinitrate I-Chemical -infusion O -completely O -normalized O -the O -prostigmine B-Chemical -- O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -alterations O -in O -these O -quantitative O -parameters O -( O -TmaX O -over O -the O -LP O -: O -11 O -. O -33 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -13 O -; O -over O -the O -HH O -: O -18 O -. O -88 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -48 O -; O -and O -over O -the O -CBD O -: O -36 O -. O -22 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -92 O -; O -and O -T1 O -/ O -2 O -over O -the O -LP O -: O -28 O -. O -21 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -83 O -; O -over O -the O -HH O -: O -33 O -. O -42 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -10 O -; O -and O -over O -the O -CBD O -: O -41 O -. O -66 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -. O -33 O -) O -, O -suggesting O -an O -effective O -sphincter O -- O -relaxing O -effect O -of O -glyceryl B-Chemical -trinitrate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -These O -results O -provide O -the O -first O -evidence O -of O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -glyceryl B-Chemical -trinitrate I-Chemical -on O -the O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -sphincter O -of O -Oddi O -spasm O -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -glyceryl B-Chemical -trinitrate I-Chemical -is O -able O -to O -overcome O -even O -the O -drastic O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -it O -might O -be O -of O -relevance O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -sphincter O -of O -Oddi O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunopathology O -of O -penicillamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -glomerular O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -patients O -with O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -developed O -heavy O -proteinuria O -after O -five O -to O -12 O -months O -of O -treatment O -with O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Light O -microscopy O -of O -renal O -biopsy O -samples O -showed O -minimal O -glomerular O -capillary O -wall O -thickening O -and O -mesangial O -matrix O -increase O -, O -or O -no O -departure O -from O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -Electron O -microscopy O -, O -however O -, O -revealed O -subepithelial O -electron O -- O -dense O -deposits O -, O -fusion O -of O -epithelial O -cell O -foot O -processes O -, O -and O -evidence O -of O -mesangial O -cell O -hyperactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunofluorescence O -microscopy O -demonstrated O -granular O -capillary O -wall O -deposits O -of O -IgG O -and O -C3 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -were O -similar O -to O -those O -in O -early O -membranous O -glomerulonephritis O -, O -differences O -being O -observed O -however O -in O -the O -results O -of O -staining O -for O -the O -early O -- O -acting O -complement O -components O -C1q O -and O -C4 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -tentatively O -concluded O -that O -complement O -was O -activated O -by O -the O -classical O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -cranial O -pain O -elicited O -by O -capsaicin B-Chemical -: O -a O -PET O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -a O -positron O -emission O -tomography O -( O -PET O -) O -study O -it O -was O -shown O -recently O -that O -in O -migraine O -without O -aura O -certain O -areas O -in O -the O -brain O -stem O -were O -activated O -during O -the O -headache O -state O -, O -but O -not O -in O -the O -headache O -free O -interval O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -suggested O -that O -this O -brain O -stem O -activation O -is O -inherent O -to O -the O -migraine O -attack O -itself O -and O -represents O -the O -so O -called O -' O -migraine O -generator O -' O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -test O -this O -hypothesis O -we O -performed O -an O -experimental O -pain O -study O -in O -seven O -healthy O -volunteers O -, O -using O -the O -same O -positioning O -in O -the O -PET O -scanner O -as O -in O -the O -migraine O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -small O -amount O -of O -capsaicin B-Chemical -was O -administered O -subcutaneously O -in O -the O -right O -forehead O -to O -evoke O -a O -burning O -painful O -sensation O -in O -the O -first O -division O -of O -the O -trigeminal O -nerve O -. O - -aps B-category -Increases O -of O -regional O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -( O -rCBF O -) O -were O -found O -bilaterally O -in O -the O -insula O -, O -in O -the O -anterior O -cingulate O -cortex O -, O -the O -cavernous O -sinus O -and O -the O -cerebellum O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -the O -same O -stereotactic O -space O -limits O -as O -in O -the O -above O -mentioned O -migraine O -study O -no O -brain O -stem O -activation O -was O -found O -in O -the O -acute O -pain O -state O -compared O -to O -the O -pain O -free O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -of O -activation O -in O -the O -region O -of O -the O -cavernous O -sinus O -however O -, O -suggests O -that O -this O -structure O -is O -more O -likely O -to O -be O -involved O -in O -trigeminal O -transmitted O -pain O -as O -such O -, O -rather O -than O -in O -a O -specific O -type O -of O -headache O -as O -was O -suggested O -for O -cluster O -headache O -. O - -aps B-category -Value O -of O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -in O -prevention O -of O -the O -arthralgia O -- O -myalgia O -syndrome O -associated O -with O -the O -total O -dose O -infusion O -of O -iron B-Chemical -dextran I-Chemical -: O -a O -double O -blind O -randomized O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -safety O -and O -efficacy O -of O -total O -dose O -infusion O -( O -TDI O -) O -of O -iron B-Chemical -dextran I-Chemical -has O -been O -well O -documented O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -40 O -% O -of O -treated O -patients O -, O -an O -arthralgia O -- O -myalgia O -syndrome O -develops O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -prospective O -study O -was O -to O -investigate O -whether O -intravenous O -( O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -administration O -of O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -( O -MP B-Chemical -) O -prevents O -this O -complication O -. O - -aps B-category -Sixty O -- O -five O -patients O -, O -34 O -women O -and O -31 O -men O -, O -ages O -36 O -to O -80 O -years O -, O -received O -either O -normal O -saline O -before O -and O -after O -TDI O -( O -group O -1 O -) O -, O -125 O -mg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -MP B-Chemical -before O -and O -saline O -after O -TDI O -( O -group O -2 O -) O -, O -or O -125 O -mg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -MP B-Chemical -before O -and O -after O -TDI O -( O -group O -3 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -observed O -for O -72 O -hours O -and O -reactions O -were O -recorded O -and O -graded O -according O -to O -severity O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifty O -- O -eight O -percent O -of O -group O -1 O -patients O -, O -33 O -% O -of O -group O -2 O -, O -and O -26 O -% O -of O -group O -3 O -had O -reactions O -to O -TDI O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -severity O -of O -reactions O -( O -minimal O -, O -mild O -, O -and O -moderate O -, O -respectively O -) O -was O -as O -follows O -: O -group O -1 O -- O -- O -6 O -, O -6 O -, O -and O -2 O -; O -group O -2 O -- O -- O -1 O -, O -5 O -, O -and O -0 O -; O -group O -3 O -- O -- O -5 O -, O -1 O -, O -and O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -were O -analyzed O -by O -the O -two O -- O -sided O -Fisher O -' O -s O -exact O -test O -using O -95 O -% O -confidence O -intervals O -with O -the O -approximation O -of O -Woolf O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -demonstrate O -that O -administration O -of O -MP B-Chemical -before O -and O -after O -TDI O -reduces O -the O -frequency O -and O -severity O -of O -the O -arthralgia O -- O -myalgia O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -125 O -mg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -MP B-Chemical -should O -be O -given O -routinely O -before O -and O -after O -TDI O -of O -iron B-Chemical -dextran I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Prolongation O -of O -the O -QT O -interval O -related O -to O -cisapride B-Chemical -- O -diltiazem B-Chemical -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Cisapride B-Chemical -, O -a O -cytochrome O -P450 O -3A4 O -( O -CYP3A4 O -) O -substrate O -, O -is O -widely O -prescribed O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -gastrointestinal O -motility O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolongation O -of O -QT O -interval O -, O -torsades O -de O -pointes O -, O -and O -sudden O -cardiac O -death O -have O -been O -reported O -after O -concomitant O -administration O -with O -erythromycin B-Chemical -or O -azole B-Chemical -antifungal O -agents O -, O -but O -not O -with O -other O -CYP3A4 O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -possible O -drug O -interaction O -occurred O -in O -a O -45 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -who O -was O -taking O -cisapride B-Chemical -for O -gastroesophageal O -reflux O -disorder O -and O -diltiazem B-Chemical -, O -an O -agent O -that O -has O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -CYP3A4 O -, O -for O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -was O -in O -near O -syncope O -and O -had O -QT O -- O -interval O -prolongation O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -discontinuing O -cisapride B-Chemical -, O -the O -QT O -interval O -returned O -to O -normal O -and O -symptoms O -did O -not O -recur O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -that O -caution O -be O -taken O -when O -cisapride B-Chemical -is O -prescribed O -with O -any O -potent O -inhibitor O -of O -CYP3A4 O -, O -including O -diltiazem B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cortical O -motor O -overactivation O -in O -parkinsonian O -patients O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -- O -induced O -peak O -- O -dose O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -studied O -the O -regional O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -( O -rCBF O -) O -changes O -induced O -by O -the O -execution O -of O -a O -finger O -- O -to O -- O -thumb O -opposition O -motor O -task O -in O -the O -supplementary O -and O -primary O -motor O -cortex O -of O -two O -groups O -of O -parkinsonian O -patients O -on O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -medication O -, O -the O -first O -one O -without O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -induced O -dyskinesia O -( O -n O -= O -23 O -) O -and O -the O -other O -with O -moderate O -peak O -- O -dose O -dyskinesia O -( O -n O -= O -15 O -) O -, O -and O -of O -a O -group O -of O -14 O -normal O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Single O -photon O -emission O -tomography O -with O -i O -. O -v O -. O -133Xe O -was O -used O -to O -measure O -the O -rCBF O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dyskinetic O -parkinsonian O -patients O -exhibited O -a O -pattern O -of O -response O -which O -was O -markedly O -different O -from O -those O -of O -the O -normal O -subjects O -and O -non O -- O -dyskinetic O -parkinsonian O -patients O -, O -with O -a O -significant O -overactivation O -in O -the O -supplementary O -motor O -area O -and O -the O -ipsi O -- O -and O -contralateral O -primary O -motor O -areas O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -are O -compatible O -with O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -an O -hyperkinetic O -abnormal O -involuntary O -movement O -, O -like O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -- O -induced O -peak O -dose O -dyskinesia O -, O -is O -due O -to O -a O -disinhibition O -of O -the O -primary O -and O -associated O -motor O -cortex O -secondary O -to O -an O -excessive O -outflow O -of O -the O -pallidothalamocortical O -motor O -loop O -. O - -aps B-category -Open O -- O -label O -assessment O -of O -levofloxacin B-Chemical -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -acute O -bacterial O -sinusitis O -in O -adults O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -To O -evaluate O -the O -efficacy O -and O -safety O -of O -levofloxacin B-Chemical -( O -500 O -mg O -orally O -once O -daily O -for O -10 O -to O -14 O -days O -) O -in O -treating O -adult O -outpatients O -with O -acute O -bacterial O -sinusitis O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -A O -total O -of O -329 O -patients O -enrolled O -in O -the O -study O -at O -24 O -centers O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -had O -a O -pre O -- O -therapy O -Gram O -' O -s O -stain O -and O -culture O -of O -sinus O -exudate O -obtained O -by O -antral O -puncture O -or O -nasal O -endoscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -response O -was O -assessed O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -signs O -and O -symptoms O -and O -sinus O -radiograph O -or O -computed O -tomography O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -Microbiologic O -cure O -rates O -were O -determined O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -presumed O -plus O -documented O -eradication O -of O -the O -pre O -- O -therapy O -pathogen O -( O -s O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -most O -common O -pathogens O -were O -Haemophilus O -influenzae O -, O -Streptococcus O -pneumoniae O -, O -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -, O -and O -Moraxella O -catarrhalis O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -300 O -clinically O -evaluable O -patients O -, O -175 O -( O -58 O -% O -) O -were O -cured O -and O -90 O -( O -30 O -% O -) O -were O -improved O -at O -the O -post O -- O -therapy O -evaluation O -, O -resulting O -in O -a O -clinical O -success O -rate O -of O -88 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -five O -patients O -( O -12 O -% O -) O -clinically O -failed O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -microbiologic O -eradication O -rate O -( O -presumed O -plus O -documented O -) O -among O -138 O -microbiologically O -evaluable O -patients O -was O -92 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Microbiologic O -eradication O -rates O -( O -presumed O -plus O -documented O -) O -of O -the O -most O -common O -pathogens O -ranged O -from O -93 O -% O -( O -M O -. O -catarrhalis O -) O -to O -100 O -% O -( O -S O -. O -pneumoniae O -) O -at O -the O -post O -- O -therapy O -visit O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -but O -one O -of O -the O -265 O -patients O -who O -were O -cured O -or O -improved O -at O -post O -- O -therapy O -returned O -for O -a O -long O -- O -term O -follow O -- O -up O -visit O -; O -243 O -( O -92 O -% O -) O -remained O -well O -4 O -to O -6 O -weeks O -after O -therapy O -; O -and O -21 O -( O -8 O -% O -) O -had O -a O -relapse O -of O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -events O -considered O -to O -be O -related O -to O -levofloxacin B-Chemical -administration O -were O -reported O -by O -29 O -patients O -( O -9 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -common O -drug O -- O -related O -adverse O -events O -were O -diarrhea O -, O -flatulence O -, O -and O -nausea O -; O -most O -adverse O -events O -were O -mild O -to O -moderate O -in O -severity O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -The O -results O -of O -this O -study O -indicate O -that O -levofloxacin B-Chemical -500 O -mg O -once O -daily O -is O -an O -effective O -and O -safe O -treatment O -for O -acute O -bacterial O -sinusitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Iatrogenic O -risks O -of O -endometrial O -carcinoma O -after O -treatment O -for O -breast O -cancer O -in O -a O -large O -French O -case O -- O -control O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -F O -d O -ration O -Nationale O -des O -Centres O -de O -Lutte O -Contre O -le O -Cancer O -( O -FNCLCC O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -is O -widely O -used O -in O -breast O -cancer O -treatment O -and O -has O -been O -proposed O -for O -the O -prevention O -of O -breast O -cancer O -, O -its O -endometrial O -iatrogenic O -effects O -must O -be O -carefully O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -investigated O -the O -association O -between O -endometrial O -cancer O -and O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -use O -or O -other O -treatments O -in O -women O -treated O -for O -breast O -cancer O -in O -a O -case O -- O -control O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Cases O -of O -endometrial O -cancer O -diagnosed O -after O -breast O -cancer O -( O -n O -= O -135 O -) O -and O -467 O -controls O -matched O -for O -age O -, O -year O -of O -diagnosis O -of O -breast O -cancer O -and O -hospital O -and O -survival O -time O -with O -an O -intact O -uterus O -were O -included O -. O - -aps B-category -Women O -who O -had O -received O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -were O -significantly O -more O -likely O -to O -have O -endometrial O -cancer O -diagnosed O -than O -those O -who O -had O -not O -( O -crude O -relative O -risk O -= O -4 O -. O -9 O -, O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -0001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Univariate O -and O -adjusted O -analyses O -showed O -that O -the O -risk O -increased O -with O -the O -length O -of O -treatment O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -0001 O -) O -or O -the O -cumulative O -dose O -of O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -received O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -0001 O -) O -, O -irrespective O -of O -the O -daily O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Women O -who O -had O -undergone O -pelvic O -radiotherapy O -also O -had O -a O -higher O -risk O -( O -crude O -relative O -risk O -= O -7 O -. O -8 O -, O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -0001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -adjusting O -for O -confounding O -factors O -, O -the O -risk O -was O -higher O -for O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -users O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -0012 O -) O -, O -treatment O -for O -more O -than O -3 O -years O -( O -all O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -03 O -) O -and O -pelvic O -radiotherapy O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -012 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Women O -who O -had O -endometrial O -cancer O -and O -had O -received O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -had O -more O -advanced O -disease O -and O -poorer O -prognosis O -than O -those O -with O -endometrial O -cancer O -who O -had O -not O -received O -this O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -suggest O -a O -causal O -role O -of O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -in O -endometrial O -cancer O -, O -particularly O -when O -used O -as O -currently O -proposed O -for O -breast O -cancer O -prevention O -. O - -aps B-category -Pelvic O -radiotherapy O -may O -be O -an O -additional O -iatrogenic O -factor O -for O -women O -with O -breast O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Endometrial O -cancers O -diagnosed O -in O -women O -treated O -with O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -have O -poorer O -prognosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Women O -who O -receive O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -for O -breast O -cancer O -should O -be O -offered O -gynaecological O -surveillance O -during O -and O -after O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -long O -- O -term O -evaluation O -of O -the O -risk O -- O -benefit O -ratio O -of O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -as O -a O -preventive O -treatment O -for O -breast O -cancer O -is O -clearly O -warranted O -. O - -aps B-category -Contribution O -of O -the O -glycine B-Chemical -site O -of O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -rostral O -and O -intermediate O -- O -caudal O -parts O -of O -the O -striatum O -to O -the O -regulation O -of O -muscle O -tone O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -the O -present O -study O -was O -to O -assess O -the O -contribution O -of O -the O -glycine B-Chemical -site O -of O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -striatum O -to O -the O -regulation O -of O -muscle O -tone O -. O - -aps B-category -Muscle O -tone O -was O -examined O -using O -a O -combined O -mechanoand O -electromyographic O -method O -, O -which O -measured O -simultaneously O -the O -muscle O -resistance O -( O -MMG O -) O -of O -the O -rat O -' O -s O -hind O -foot O -to O -passive O -extension O -and O -flexion O -in O -the O -ankle O -joint O -and O -the O -electromyographic O -activity O -( O -EMG O -) O -of O -the O -antagonistic O -muscles O -of O -that O -joint O -: O -gastrocnemius O -and O -tibialis O -anterior O -. O - -aps B-category -Muscle O -rigidity O -was O -induced O -by O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dichlorokynurenic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DCKA I-Chemical -) O -, O -a O -selective O -glycine B-Chemical -site O -antagonist O -, O -injected O -in O -doses O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -and O -4 O -. O -5 O -microg O -/ O -0 O -. O -5 O -microl O -bilaterally O -, O -into O -the O -rostral O -region O -of O -the O -striatum O -, O -decreased O -both O -the O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -muscle O -rigidity O -( O -MMG O -) O -and O -the O -enhanced O -electromyographic O -activity O -( O -EMG O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DCKA I-Chemical -injected O -bilaterally O -in O -a O -dose O -of O -4 O -. O -5 O -microg O -/ O -0 O -. O -5 O -microl O -into O -the O -intermediate O -- O -caudal O -region O -of O -the O -striatum O -of O -rats O -not O -pretreated O -with O -haloperidol B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -muscle O -tone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -results O -suggest O -that O -blockade O -of O -the O -glycine B-Chemical -site O -of O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -rostral O -part O -of O -the O -striatum O -may O -be O -mainly O -responsible O -for O -the O -antiparkinsonian O -action O -of O -this O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Carboplatin B-Chemical -toxic O -effects O -on O -the O -peripheral O -nervous O -system O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -The O -most O -striking O -of O -carboplatin B-Chemical -' O -s O -advantages O -( O -CBDCA B-Chemical -) O -over O -cisplatin B-Chemical -( O -CDDP B-Chemical -) O -is O -its O -markedly O -reduced O -rate O -of O -neurotoxic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -use O -of O -CBDCA B-Chemical -higher O -- O -intensity O -schedules O -and O -the O -association O -with O -other O -neurotoxic O -drugs O -in O -polychemotherapy O -may O -cause O -some O -concern O -about O -its O -safety O -with O -respect O -to O -peripheral O -nervous O -system O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -MATERIALS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -Two O -different O -schedules O -of O -CBDCA B-Chemical -administration O -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -and O -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -twice O -a O -week O -for O -nine O -times O -) O -were O -evaluated O -in O -Wistar O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurotoxicity O -was O -assessed O -for O -behavioral O -( O -tail O -- O -flick O -test O -) O -, O -neurophysiological O -( O -nerve O -conduction O -velocity O -in O -the O -tail O -nerve O -) O -, O -morphological O -, O -morphometrical O -and O -analytical O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -CBDCA B-Chemical -administration O -induced O -dose O -- O -dependent O -peripheral O -neurotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Pain O -perception O -and O -nerve O -conduction O -velocity O -in O -the O -tail O -were O -significantly O -impaired O -, O -particularly O -after O -the O -high O -- O -dose O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dorsal O -root O -ganglia O -sensory O -neurons O -and O -, O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -, O -satellite O -cells O -showed O -the O -same O -changes O -as O -those O -induced O -by O -CDDP B-Chemical -, O -mainly O -affecting O -the O -nucleus O -and O -nucleolus O -of O -ganglionic O -sensory O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -significant O -amounts O -of O -platinum B-Chemical -were O -detected O -in O -the O -dorsal O -root O -ganglia O -and O -kidney O -after O -CBDCA B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -CBDCA B-Chemical -is O -neurotoxic O -in O -our O -model O -, O -and O -the O -type O -of O -pathological O -changes O -it O -induces O -are O -so O -closely O -similar O -to O -those O -caused O -by O -CDDP B-Chemical -that O -it O -is O -probable O -that O -neurotoxicity O -is O -induced O -in O -the O -two O -drugs O -by O -the O -same O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -model O -can O -be O -used O -alone O -or O -in O -combination O -with O -other O -drugs O -to O -explore O -the O -effect O -of O -CBDCA B-Chemical -on O -the O -peripheral O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -cisapride B-Chemical -on O -symptoms O -and O -postcibal O -small O -- O -bowel O -motor O -function O -in O -patients O -with O -irritable O -bowel O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Irritable O -bowel O -syndrome O -is O -a O -common O -cause O -of O -abdominal O -pain O -and O -discomfort O -and O -may O -be O -related O -to O -disordered O -gastrointestinal O -motility O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -aim O -was O -to O -assess O -the O -effects O -of O -long O -- O -term O -treatment O -with O -a O -prokinetic O -agent O -, O -cisapride B-Chemical -, O -on O -postprandial O -jejunal O -motility O -and O -symptoms O -in O -the O -irritable O -bowel O -syndrome O -( O -IBS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Thirty O -- O -eight O -patients O -with O -IBS O -( O -constipation O -- O -predominant O -, O -n O -= O -17 O -; O -diarrhoea O -- O -predominant O -, O -n O -= O -21 O -) O -underwent O -24 O -- O -h O -ambulatory O -jejunal O -manometry O -before O -and O -after O -12 O -week O -' O -s O -treatment O -[ O -cisapride B-Chemical -, O -5 O -mg O -three O -times O -daily O -( O -n O -= O -19 O -) O -or O -placebo O -( O -n O -= O -19 O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -In O -diarrhoea O -- O -predominant O -patients O -significant O -differences O -in O -contraction O -characteristics O -were O -observed O -between O -the O -cisapride B-Chemical -and O -placebo O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cisapride B-Chemical -- O -treated O -diarrhoea O -- O -predominant O -patients O -the O -mean O -contraction O -amplitude O -was O -higher O -( O -29 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -2 O -versus O -24 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -6 O -mm O -Hg O -, O -cisapride B-Chemical -versus O -placebo O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -; O -pretreatment O -, O -25 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -. O -0 O -mm O -Hg O -) O -, O -the O -mean O -contraction O -duration O -longer O -( O -3 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -versus O -3 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -sec O -, O -cisapride B-Chemical -versus O -placebo O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -; O -pretreatment O -, O -3 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -sec O -) O -, O -and O -the O -mean O -contraction O -frequency O -lower O -( O -2 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -versus O -2 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -4 O -cont O -. O -/ O -min O -, O -cisapride B-Chemical -versus O -placebo O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -; O -pretreatment O -, O -2 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -1 O -cont O -. O -/ O -min O -] O -than O -patients O -treated O -with O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -differences O -in O -jejunal O -motility O -were O -found O -in O -the O -constipation O -- O -predominant O -IBS O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Symptoms O -were O -assessed O -by O -using O -a O -visual O -analogue O -scale O -before O -and O -after O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Symptom O -scores O -relating O -to O -the O -severity O -of O -constipation O -were O -lower O -in O -cisapride B-Chemical -- O -treated O -constipation O -- O -predominant O -IBS O -patients O -[ O -score O -, O -54 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -versus O -67 O -+ O -/ O -- O -14 O -mm O -, O -cisapride B-Chemical -versus O -placebo O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -; O -pretreatment O -, O -62 O -+ O -/ O -- O -19 O -mm O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Diarrhoea O -- O -predominant O -IBS O -patients O -had O -a O -higher O -pain O -score O -after O -cisapride B-Chemical -therapy O -[ O -score O -, O -55 O -+ O -/ O -- O -15 O -versus O -34 O -+ O -/ O -- O -12 O -mm O -, O -cisapride B-Chemical -versus O -placebo O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -; O -pretreatment O -, O -67 O -+ O -/ O -- O -19 O -mm O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Cisapride B-Chemical -affects O -jejunal O -contraction O -characteristics O -and O -some O -symptoms O -in O -IBS O -. O - -aps B-category -Prevention O -of O -breast O -cancer O -with O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -: O -preliminary O -findings O -from O -the O -Italian O -randomised O -trial O -among O -hysterectomised O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -Italian O -Tamoxifen B-Chemical -Prevention O -Study O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Tamoxifen B-Chemical -is O -a O -candidate O -chemopreventive O -agent O -in O -breast O -cancer O -, O -although O -the O -drug O -may O -be O -associated O -with O -the O -development O -of O -endometrial O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -we O -did O -a O -trial O -in O -hysterectomised O -women O -of O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -as O -a O -chemopreventive O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -In O -October O -, O -1992 O -, O -we O -started O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -, O -randomised O -trial O -of O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -in O -women O -( O -mainly O -in O -Italy O -) O -who O -did O -not O -have O -breast O -cancer O -and O -who O -had O -had O -a O -hysterectomy O -. O - -aps B-category -Women O -were O -randomised O -to O -receive O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -20 O -mg O -per O -day O -or O -placebo O -, O -both O -orally O -for O -5 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -original O -plan O -was O -to O -follow O -the O -intervention O -phase O -by O -5 O -years O -' O -follow O -- O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -June O -, O -1997 O -, O -the O -trialists O -and O -the O -data O -- O -monitoring O -committee O -decided O -to O -end O -recruitment O -primarily O -because O -of O -the O -number O -of O -women O -dropping O -out O -of O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Recruitment O -ended O -on O -July O -11 O -, O -1997 O -, O -and O -the O -study O -will O -continue O -as O -planned O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -primary O -endpoints O -are O -the O -occurrence O -of O -and O -deaths O -from O -breast O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -preliminary O -interim O -analysis O -is O -based O -on O -intention O -- O -to O -- O -treat O -. O - -aps B-category -FINDINGS O -: O -5408 O -women O -were O -randomised O -; O -participating O -women O -have O -a O -median O -follow O -- O -up O -of O -46 O -months O -for O -major O -endpoints O -. O - -aps B-category -41 O -cases O -of O -breast O -cancer O -occurred O -so O -far O -; O -there O -have O -been O -no O -deaths O -from O -breast O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -no O -difference O -in O -breast O -- O -cancer O -frequency O -between O -the O -placebo O -( O -22 O -cases O -) O -and O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -( O -19 O -) O -arms O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -a O -statistically O -significant O -reduction O -of O -breast O -cancer O -among O -women O -receiving O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -who O -also O -used O -hormone O -- O -replacement O -therapy O -during O -the O -trial O -: O -among O -390 O -women O -on O -such O -therapy O -and O -allocated O -to O -placebo O -, O -we O -found O -eight O -cases O -of O -breast O -cancer O -compared O -with O -one O -case O -among O -362 O -women O -allocated O -to O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -with O -the O -placebo O -group O -, O -there O -was O -a O -significantly O -increased O -risk O -of O -vascular O -events O -and O -hypertriglyceridaemia O -among O -women O -on O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -INTERPRETATION O -: O -Although O -this O -preliminary O -analysis O -has O -low O -power O -, O -in O -this O -cohort O -of O -women O -at O -low O -- O -to O -- O -normal O -risk O -of O -breast O -cancer O -, O -the O -postulated O -protective O -effects O -of O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -are O -not O -yet O -apparent O -. O - -aps B-category -Women O -using O -hormone O -- O -replacement O -therapy O -appear O -to O -have O -benefited O -from O -use O -of O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -deaths O -from O -breast O -cancer O -recorded O -in O -women O -in O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -essential O -to O -continue O -follow O -- O -up O -to O -quantify O -the O -long O -- O -term O -risks O -and O -benefits O -of O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Epileptogenic O -activity O -of O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -after O -drug O -induces O -SLE O -( O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -epilepsy O -) O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -study O -the O -effect O -of O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -containing O -multivitamin O -supplementation O -in O -epileptic O -women O -before O -and O -during O -pregnancy O -in O -order O -to O -determine O -the O -rate O -of O -structural O -birth O -defects O -and O -epilepsy O -- O -related O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -STUDY O -DESIGN O -: O -First O -a O -randomised O -trial O -, O -later O -periconception O -care O -including O -in O -total O -12225 O -females O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Of O -60 O -epileptic O -women O -with O -periconceptional O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -8 O -mg O -) O -- O -containing O -multivitamin O -supplementation O -, O -no O -one O -developed O -epilepsy O -- O -related O -side O -effects O -during O -the O -periconception O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -epileptic O -woman O -delivered O -a O -newborn O -with O -cleft O -lip O -and O -palate O -. O - -aps B-category -Another O -patient O -exhibited O -with O -a O -cluster O -of O -seizures O -after O -the O -periconception O -period O -using O -another O -multivitamin O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -22 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -epileptic O -woman O -was O -treated O -continuously O -by O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -and O -a O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -) O -- O -containing O -multivitamin O -from O -the O -20th O -week O -of O -gestation O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -developed O -status O -epilepticus O -and O -later O -symptoms O -of O -systemic O -lupus O -erythematodes O -. O - -aps B-category -Her O -pregnancy O -ended O -with O -stillbirth O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -epileptic O -pregnant O -patient O -' O -s O -autoimmune O -disease O -( O -probably O -drug O -- O -induced O -lupus O -) O -could O -damage O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -, O -therefore O -the O -therapeutic O -dose O -( O -> O -or O -= O -1 O -mg O -) O -of O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -triggered O -a O -cluster O -of O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Physiological O -dose O -( O -< O -1 O -mg O -) O -of O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -both O -in O -healthy O -and O -60 O -epileptic O -women O -, O -all O -without O -any O -autoimmune O -disease O -, O -did O -not O -increase O -the O -risk O -for O -epileptic O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Stroke O -and O -cocaine B-Chemical -or O -amphetamine B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -association O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -amphetamine B-Chemical -use O -with O -hemorrhagic O -and O -ischemic O -stroke O -is O -based O -almost O -solely O -on O -data O -from O -case O -series O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -limited O -number O -of O -epidemiologic O -studies O -of O -stroke O -and O -use O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -amphetamine B-Chemical -have O -been O -done O -in O -settings O -that O -serve O -mostly O -the O -poor O -and O -/ O -or O -minorities O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -- O -control O -study O -was O -conducted O -in O -the O -defined O -population O -comprising O -members O -of O -Kaiser O -Permanente O -of O -Northern O -and O -Southern O -California O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -attempted O -to O -identify O -all O -incident O -strokes O -in O -women O -ages O -15 O -- O -44 O -years O -during O -a O -3 O -- O -year O -period O -using O -hospital O -admission O -and O -discharge O -records O -, O -emergency O -department O -logs O -, O -and O -payment O -requests O -for O -out O -- O -of O -- O -plan O -hospitalizations O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -selected O -controls O -, O -matched O -on O -age O -and O -facility O -of O -usual O -care O -, O -at O -random O -from O -healthy O -members O -of O -the O -health O -plan O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -obtained O -information O -in O -face O -- O -to O -- O -face O -interviews O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -347 O -confirmed O -stroke O -cases O -and O -1 O -, O -021 O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -univariate O -matched O -odds O -ratio O -for O -stroke O -in O -women O -who O -admitted O -to O -using O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -amphetamine B-Chemical -was O -8 O -. O -5 O -( O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -= O -3 O -. O -6 O -- O -20 O -. O -0 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -further O -adjustment O -for O -potential O -confounders O -, O -the O -odds O -ratio O -in O -women O -who O -reported O -using O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -amphetamine B-Chemical -was O -7 O -. O -0 O -( O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -= O -2 O -. O -8 O -- O -17 O -. O -9 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -amphetamine B-Chemical -is O -a O -strong O -risk O -factor O -for O -stroke O -in O -this O -socioeconomically O -heterogeneous O -, O -insured O -urban O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -renal O -failure O -subsequent O -to O -the O -administration O -of O -rifampicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -follow O -- O -up O -study O -of O -cases O -reported O -earlier O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -clinical O -presentation O -is O -made O -of O -a O -2 O -- O -3 O -year O -follow O -- O -up O -of O -six O -cases O -of O -acute O -renal O -failure O -that O -have O -been O -reported O -earlier O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -had O -developed O -transient O -renal O -failure O -after O -the O -intermittent O -administration O -of O -rifampicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stage O -of O -olig O -- O -anuria O -lasted O -for O -1 O -- O -3 O -weeks O -, O -and O -five O -of O -the O -patients O -were O -treated O -by O -hemodialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -of O -the O -patients O -died O -due O -to O -unrelated O -causes O -during O -the O -follow O -- O -up O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -four O -patients O -re O -- O -examined O -were O -clinically O -cured O -. O - -aps B-category -Pathologic O -findings O -by O -light O -microscopy O -and O -immunofluorescence O -at O -biopsy O -were O -scarce O -. O - -aps B-category -Nothing O -abnormal O -was O -seen O -by O -electron O -microscopy O -in O -two O -of O -the O -cases O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -function O -was O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -three O -cases O -the O -excretion O -at O -131I O -- O -hippuran O -renography O -was O -slightly O -slowed O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -in O -the O -acute O -stage O -the O -renal O -lesions O -histologically O -appeared O -toxic O -, O -evidence O -suggestive O -of O -an O -immunological O -mechanism O -cannot O -be O -excluded O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -effects O -of O -a O -novel O -synthetic O -anthracycline B-Chemical -derivative O -( O -SM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5887 I-Chemical -) O -on O -normal O -heart O -and O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiomyopathy O -in O -beagle O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -investigate O -the O -chronic O -cardiotoxic O -potential O -of O -SM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5887 I-Chemical -and O -a O -possible O -deteriorating O -effect O -of O -SM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5887 I-Chemical -on O -low O -- O -grade O -cardiotoxicity O -pre O -- O -induced O -by O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -in O -beagle O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -chronic O -treatment O -, O -beagle O -dogs O -of O -each O -sex O -were O -given O -intravenously O -once O -every O -3 O -weeks O -, O -either O -a O -sublethal O -dose O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -or O -SM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5887 I-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -experiment O -was O -terminated O -3 O -weeks O -after O -the O -ninth O -dosing O -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -which O -received O -over O -six O -courses O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -demonstrated O -the O -electrocardiogram O -( O -ECG O -) O -changes O -, O -decrease O -of O -blood O -pressure O -and O -high O -- O -grade O -histopathological O -cardiomyopathy O -, O -while O -animals O -which O -were O -terminally O -sacrificed O -after O -the O -SM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5887 I-Chemical -administration O -did O -not O -show O -any O -changes O -in O -ECG O -, O -blood O -pressure O -and O -histopathological O -examinations O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -examine O -a O -possibly O -deteriorating O -cardiotoxic O -effect O -of O -SM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5887 I-Chemical -, O -low O -- O -grade O -cardiomyopathy O -was O -induced O -in O -dogs O -by O -four O -courses O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Nine O -weeks O -after O -pre O -- O -treatment O -, O -dogs O -were O -given O -four O -courses O -of O -either O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -or O -SM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5887 I-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -once O -every O -3 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -low O -- O -grade O -cardiotoxic O -changes O -were O -enhanced O -by O -the O -additional O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -contrary O -, O -the O -SM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5887 I-Chemical -treatment O -did O -not O -progress O -the O -grade O -of O -cardiomyopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -SM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5887 I-Chemical -does O -not O -have O -any O -potential O -of O -chronic O -cardiotoxicity O -and O -deteriorating O -effect O -on O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Risk O -for O -valvular O -heart O -disease O -among O -users O -of O -fenfluramine B-Chemical -and O -dexfenfluramine B-Chemical -who O -underwent O -echocardiography O -before O -use O -of O -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Because O -uncontrolled O -echocardiographic O -surveys O -suggested O -that O -up O -to O -30 O -% O -to O -38 O -% O -of O -users O -of O -fenfluramine B-Chemical -and O -dexfenfluramine B-Chemical -had O -valvular O -disease O -, O -these O -drugs O -were O -withdrawn O -from O -the O -market O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -determine O -the O -risk O -for O -new O -or O -worsening O -valvular O -abnormalities O -among O -users O -of O -fenfluramine B-Chemical -or O -dexfenfluramine B-Chemical -who O -underwent O -echocardiography O -before O -they O -began O -to O -take O -these O -medications O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -Cohort O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -SETTING O -: O -Academic O -primary O -care O -practices O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -: O -46 O -patients O -who O -used O -fenfluramine B-Chemical -or O -dexfenfluramine B-Chemical -for O -14 O -days O -or O -more O -and O -had O -echocardiograms O -obtained O -before O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -MEASUREMENTS O -: O -Follow O -- O -up O -echocardiography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -primary O -outcome O -was O -new O -or O -worsening O -valvulopathy O -, O -defined O -as O -progression O -of O -either O -aortic O -or O -mitral O -regurgitation O -by O -at O -least O -one O -degree O -of O -severity O -and O -disease O -that O -met O -U O -. O -S O -. O - -aps B-category -Food O -and O -Drug O -Administration O -criteria O -( O -at O -least O -mild O -aortic O -regurgitation O -or O -moderate O -mitral O -regurgitation O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Two O -patients O -( O -4 O -. O -3 O -% O -[ O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -0 O -. O -6 O -% O -to O -14 O -. O -8 O -% O -] O -) O -receiving O -fenfluramine B-Chemical -- O -phentermine B-Chemical -developed O -valvular O -heart O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -had O -baseline O -bicuspid O -aortic O -valve O -and O -mild O -aortic O -regurgitation O -that O -progressed O -to O -moderate O -regurgitation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -patient O -developed O -new O -moderate O -aortic O -insufficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Users O -of O -diet O -medications O -are O -at O -risk O -for O -valvular O -heart O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -incidence O -may O -be O -lower O -than O -that O -reported O -previously O -. O - -aps B-category -Therapeutic O -drug O -monitoring O -of O -tobramycin B-Chemical -: O -once O -- O -daily O -versus O -twice O -- O -daily O -dosage O -schedules O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -evaluate O -the O -effect O -of O -dosage O -regimen O -( O -once O -- O -daily O -vs O -. O -twice O -- O -daily O -) O -of O -tobramicyn B-Chemical -on O -steady O -- O -state O -serum O -concentrations O -and O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -MATERIALS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -Patients O -undergoing O -treatment O -with O -i O -. O -v O -. O -tobramycin B-Chemical -( O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -) O -were O -randomised O -to O -two O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Group O -OD O -( O -n O -= O -22 O -) O -received O -a O -once O -- O -daily O -dose O -of O -tobramycin B-Chemical -and O -group O -TD O -( O -n O -= O -21 O -) O -received O -the O -same O -dose O -divided O -into O -two O -doses O -daily O -. O - -aps B-category -Tobramycin B-Chemical -serum O -concentrations O -( O -peak O -and O -trough O -) O -were O -measured O -by O -enzyme O -multiplied O -immunoassay O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -renal O -and O -auditory O -functions O -of O -the O -patients O -were O -monitored O -before O -, O -during O -and O -immediately O -after O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -two O -groups O -were O -comparable O -with O -respect O -to O -sex O -, O -age O -, O -body O -weight O -and O -renal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -statistically O -significant O -differences O -were O -found O -in O -mean O -daily O -dose O -, O -duration O -of O -treatment O -, O -or O -cumulative O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Trough O -concentrations O -were O -< O -2 O -g O -/ O -ml O -in O -the O -two O -groups O -( O -100 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Peak O -concentrations O -were O -> O -6 O -microg O -/ O -ml O -in O -100 O -% O -of O -the O -OD O -group O -and O -in O -67 O -% O -of O -the O -TD O -group O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -peak O -concentrations O -were O -markedly O -different O -: O -11 O -. O -00 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -89 O -microg O -/ O -ml O -in O -OD O -vs O -. O -6 O -. O -53 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -45 O -microg O -/ O -ml O -in O -TD O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacokinetics O -parameters O -were O -: O -Ke O -, O -( O -0 O -. O -15 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -03 O -/ O -h O -in O -OD O -vs O -. O -0 O -. O -24 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -06 O -/ O -h O -in O -TD O -) O -, O -t1 O -/ O -2 O -, O -( O -4 O -. O -95 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -41 O -h O -in O -OD O -vs O -. O -3 O -. O -07 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -71 O -h O -in O -TD O -) O -, O -Vd O -( O -0 O -. O -35 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -11 O -l O -/ O -kg O -in O -OD O -vs O -. O -0 O -. O -33 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -09 O -l O -/ O -kg O -in O -TD O -) O -, O -Cl O -( O -0 O -. O -86 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -29 O -ml O -/ O -min O -/ O -kg O -in O -OD O -vs O -. O -1 O -. O -28 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -33 O -ml O -/ O -min O -/ O -kg O -in O -TD O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -was O -observed O -in O -73 O -% O -of O -patients O -in O -OD O -versus O -57 O -% O -of O -patients O -in O -TD O -, O -without O -evidence O -of O -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -TD O -group O -, O -three O -patients O -developed O -decreased O -auditory O -function O -, O -of O -which O -one O -presented O -with O -an O -auditory O -loss O -of O -- O -30 O -dB O -, O -whereas O -in O -the O -OD O -group O -only O -one O -patient O -presented O -decreased O -auditory O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -This O -small O -study O -suggests O -that O -a O -once O -- O -daily O -dosing O -regimen O -of O -tobramycin B-Chemical -is O -at O -least O -as O -effective O -as O -and O -is O -no O -more O -and O -possibly O -less O -toxic O -than O -the O -twice O -- O -daily O -regimen O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -a O -single O -- O -dose O -therapy O -, O -peak O -concentration O -determination O -is O -not O -necessary O -, O -only O -trough O -samples O -should O -be O -monitored O -to O -ensure O -levels O -below O -2 O -microg O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Enhanced O -bradycardia O -induced O -by O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonists O -in O -rats O -pretreated O -with O -isoniazid B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -High O -doses O -of O -isoniazid B-Chemical -increase O -hypotension O -induced O -by O -vasodilators O -and O -change O -the O -accompanying O -reflex O -tachycardia O -to O -bradycardia O -, O -an O -interaction O -attributed O -to O -decreased O -synthesis O -of O -brain O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -the O -possible O -enhancement O -by O -isoniazid B-Chemical -of O -bradycardia O -induced O -by O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonists O -was O -determined O -in O -rats O -anaesthetised O -with O -chloralose B-Chemical -- O -urethane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Isoniazid B-Chemical -significantly O -increased O -bradycardia O -after O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -labetalol B-Chemical -and O -atenolol B-Chemical -, O -as O -well O -as O -after O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -after O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -or O -carbachol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Enhancement O -was O -not O -observed O -in O -rats O -pretreated O -with O -methylatropine B-Chemical -or O -previously O -vagotomised O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -are O -compatible O -with O -interference O -by O -isoniazid B-Chemical -with O -GABAergic O -inhibition O -of O -cardiac O -parasympathetic O -tone O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -interference O -could O -be O -exerted O -centrally O -, O -possibly O -at O -the O -nucleus O -ambiguus O -, O -or O -peripherally O -at O -the O -sinus O -node O -. O - -aps B-category -Structural O -and O -functional O -impairment O -of O -mitochondria O -in O -adriamycin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiomyopathy O -in O -mice O -: O -suppression O -of O -cytochrome O -c O -oxidase O -II O -gene O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -adriamycin B-Chemical -( O -ADR B-Chemical -) O -in O -cancer O -chemotherapy O -has O -been O -limited O -due O -to O -its O -cumulative O -cardiovascular O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Earlier O -observations O -that O -ADR B-Chemical -interacts O -with O -mitochondrial O -cytochrome O -c O -oxidase O -( O -COX O -) O -and O -suppresses O -its O -enzyme O -activity O -led O -us O -to O -investigate O -ADR B-Chemical -' O -s O -action O -on O -the O -cardiovascular O -functions O -and O -heart O -mitochondrial O -morphology O -in O -Balb O -- O -c O -mice O -i O -. O -p O -. O -treated O -with O -ADR B-Chemical -for O -several O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -various O -times O -during O -treatment O -, O -the O -animals O -were O -assessed O -for O -cardiovascular O -functions O -by O -electrocardiography O -and O -for O -heart O -tissue O -damage O -by O -electron O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -parallel O -, O -total O -RNA O -was O -extracted O -from O -samples O -of O -dissected O -heart O -and O -analyzed O -by O -Northern O -blot O -hybridization O -to O -determine O -the O -steady O -- O -state O -level O -of O -three O -RNA O -transcripts O -encoded O -by O -the O -COXII O -, O -COXIII O -, O -and O -COXIV O -genes O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -samples O -obtained O -from O -the O -liver O -of O -the O -same O -animals O -were O -analyzed O -for O -comparative O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -indicated O -that O -1 O -) O -treatment O -of O -mice O -with O -ADR B-Chemical -caused O -cardiovascular O -arrhythmias O -characterized O -by O -bradycardia O -, O -extension O -of O -ventricular O -depolarization O -time O -( O -tQRS O -) O -, O -and O -failure O -of O -QRS O -at O -high O -concentrations O -( O -10 O -- O -14 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -cumulative O -dose O -) O -; O -2 O -) O -the O -heart O -mitochondria O -underwent O -swelling O -, O -fusion O -, O -dissolution O -, O -and O -/ O -or O -disruption O -of O -mitochondrial O -cristae O -after O -several O -weeks O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -abnormalities O -were O -not O -observed O -in O -the O -mitochondria O -of O -liver O -tissue O -; O -and O -3 O -) O -among O -the O -three O -genes O -of O -COX O -enzyme O -examined O -, O -only O -COXII O -gene O -expression O -was O -suppressed O -by O -ADR B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -mainly O -after O -8 O -weeks O -in O -both O -heart O -and O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Knowing O -that O -heart O -mitochondria O -represent O -almost O -40 O -% O -of O -heart O -muscle O -by O -weight O -, O -we O -conclude O -that O -the O -deteriorating O -effects O -of O -ADR B-Chemical -on O -cardiovascular O -function O -involve O -mitochondrial O -structural O -and O -functional O -impairment O -. O - diff --git a/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/labels.txt b/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/labels.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 354f775..0000000 --- a/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/labels.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -O -B-Chemical -I-Chemical -B-category diff --git a/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/test.txt b/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/test.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 64d89fd..0000000 --- a/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/test.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,134344 +0,0 @@ -aps B-category -Torsade O -de O -pointes O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -during O -low O -dose O -intermittent O -dobutamine B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -dilated O -cardiomyopathy O -and O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -describe O -the O -case O -of O -a O -56 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -chronic O -, O -severe O -heart O -failure O -secondary O -to O -dilated O -cardiomyopathy O -and O -absence O -of O -significant O -ventricular O -arrhythmias O -who O -developed O -QT O -prolongation O -and O -torsade O -de O -pointes O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -during O -one O -cycle O -of O -intermittent O -low O -dose O -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -mcg O -/ O -kg O -per O -min O -) O -dobutamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -report O -of O -torsade O -de O -pointes O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -during O -intermittent O -dobutamine B-Chemical -supports O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -unpredictable O -fatal O -arrhythmias O -may O -occur O -even O -with O -low O -doses O -and O -in O -patients O -with O -no O -history O -of O -significant O -rhythm O -disturbances O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanisms O -of O -proarrhythmic O -effects O -of O -Dubutamine B-Chemical -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Positive O -skin O -tests O -in O -late O -reactions O -to O -radiographic O -contrast B-Chemical -media I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -last O -few O -years O -delayed O -reactions O -several O -hours O -after O -the O -injection O -of O -radiographic O -and O -contrast B-Chemical -materials I-Chemical -( O -PRC B-Chemical -) O -have O -been O -described O -with O -increasing O -frequency O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -report O -two O -observations O -on O -patients O -with O -delayed O -reactions O -in O -whom O -intradermoreactions O -( O -IDR O -) O -and O -patch O -tests O -to O -a O -series O -of O -ionic O -and O -non O -ionic O -PRC B-Chemical -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -angiography O -by O -the O -venous O -route O -in O -patient O -n O -degree O -1 O -a O -biphasic O -reaction O -with O -an O -immediate O -reaction O -( O -dyspnea O -, O -loss O -of O -consciousness O -) O -and O -delayed O -macro O -- O -papular O -rash O -appeared O -, O -whilst O -patient O -n O -degree O -2 O -developed O -a O -generalised O -sensation O -of O -heat O -, O -persistent O -pain O -at O -the O -site O -of O -injection O -immediately O -and O -a O -generalised O -macro O -- O -papular O -reaction O -after O -24 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -skin O -tests O -revealed O -positive O -delayed O -reactions O -of O -24 O -hours O -and O -48 O -hours O -by O -IDR O -and O -patch O -tests O -to O -only O -some O -PRC B-Chemical -with O -common O -chains O -in O -their O -structures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -positive O -skin O -tests O -are O -in O -favour O -of O -immunological O -reactions O -and O -may O -help O -in O -diagnosis O -of O -allergy O -in O -the O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Risk O -of O -transient O -hyperammonemic O -encephalopathy O -in O -cancer O -patients O -who O -received O -continuous O -infusion O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -with O -the O -complication O -of O -dehydration O -and O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -1986 O -to O -1998 O -, O -29 O -cancer O -patients O -who O -had O -32 O -episodes O -of O -transient O -hyperammonemic O -encephalopathy O -related O -to O -continuous O -infusion O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -) O -were O -identified O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -patients O -had O -decompensated O -liver O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Onset O -of O -hyperammonemic O -encephalopathy O -varied O -from O -0 O -. O -5 O -to O -5 O -days O -( O -mean O -: O -2 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -3 O -days O -) O -after O -the O -initiation O -of O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -ammonium B-Chemical -level O -ranged O -from O -248 O -to O -2387 O -microg O -% O -( O -mean O -: O -626 O -+ O -/ O -- O -431 O -microg O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -32 O -episodes O -, O -26 O -( O -81 O -% O -) O -had O -various O -degrees O -of O -azotemia O -, O -18 O -( O -56 O -% O -) O -occurred O -during O -bacterial O -infections O -and O -14 O -( O -44 O -% O -) O -without O -infection O -occurred O -during O -periods O -of O -dehydration O -. O - -aps B-category -Higher O -plasma O -ammonium B-Chemical -levels O -and O -more O -rapid O -onset O -of O -hyperammonemia O -were O -seen O -in O -18 O -patients O -with O -bacterial O -infections O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -003 O -and O -0 O -. O -0006 O -, O -respectively O -) O -and O -in O -nine O -patients O -receiving O -high O -daily O -doses O -( O -2600 O -or O -1800 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -) O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -0001 O -and O -< O -0 O -. O -0001 O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -25 O -out O -of O -32 O -episodes O -( O -78 O -% O -) O -, O -plasma O -ammonium B-Chemical -levels O -and O -mental O -status O -returned O -to O -normal O -within O -2 O -days O -after O -adequate O -management O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -hyperammonemic O -encephalopathy O -can O -occur O -in O -patients O -receiving O -continuous O -infusion O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Azotemia O -, O -body O -fluid O -insufficiency O -and O -bacterial O -infections O -were O -frequently O -found O -in O -these O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -therefore O -important O -to O -recognize O -this O -condition O -in O -patients O -receiving O -continuous O -infusion O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -quinine B-Chemical -and O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -on O -conditioned O -place O -preference O -and O -changes O -in O -motor O -activity O -induced O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -two O -unselective O -potassium B-Chemical -( O -K B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -- O -) O -channel O -blockers O -, O -quinine B-Chemical -( O -12 O -. O -5 O -, O -25 O -and O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -( O -1 O -and O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -on O -conditioned O -place O -preference O -and O -biphasic O -changes O -in O -motor O -activity O -induced O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -were O -tested O -in O -Wistar O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Quinine B-Chemical -is O -known O -to O -block O -voltage O -- O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -- O -and O -ATP B-Chemical -- O -sensitive O -K B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -- O -channels O -while O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -is O -known O -to O -block O -voltage O -- O -sensitive O -K B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -- O -channels O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -counterbalanced O -method O -, O -quinine B-Chemical -attenuated O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -place O -preference O -, O -whereas O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -was O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -motor O -activity O -test O -measured O -with O -an O -Animex O -- O -activity O -meter O -neither O -of O -the O -K B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -- O -channel O -blockers O -affected O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypoactivity O -, O -but O -both O -K B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -- O -channel O -blockers O -prevented O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -secondary O -hyperactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -the O -involvement O -of O -quinine B-Chemical -- O -sensitive O -but O -not O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -- O -sensitive O -K B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -- O -channels O -in O -morphine B-Chemical -reward O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -also O -suggested O -that O -the O -blockade O -of O -K B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -- O -channels O -sensitive O -to O -these O -blockers O -is O -not O -sufficient O -to O -prevent O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypoactivity O -whereas O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -seems O -to O -be O -connected O -to O -both O -quinine B-Chemical -- O -and O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -- O -sensitive O -K B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -- O -channels O -. O - -aps B-category -Nociceptin B-Chemical -/ O -orphanin B-Chemical -FQ I-Chemical -and O -nocistatin B-Chemical -on O -learning O -and O -memory O -impairment O -induced O -by O -scopolamine B-Chemical -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Nociceptin B-Chemical -, O -also O -known O -as O -orphanin B-Chemical -FQ I-Chemical -, O -is O -an O -endogenous O -ligand O -for O -the O -orphan O -opioid O -receptor O -- O -like O -receptor O -1 O -( O -ORL1 O -) O -and O -involves O -in O -various O -functions O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -( O -CNS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -nocistatin B-Chemical -is O -recently O -isolated O -from O -the O -same O -precursor O -as O -nociceptin B-Chemical -and O -blocks O -nociceptin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -allodynia O -and O -hyperalgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -ORL1 O -receptors O -which O -display O -a O -high O -degree O -of O -sequence O -homology O -with O -classical O -opioid O -receptors O -are O -abundant O -in O -the O -hippocampus O -, O -little O -is O -known O -regarding O -their O -role O -in O -learning O -and O -memory O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -investigate O -whether O -nociceptin B-Chemical -/ O -orphanin B-Chemical -FQ I-Chemical -and O -nocistatin B-Chemical -could O -modulate O -impairment O -of O -learning O -and O -memory O -induced O -by O -scopolamine B-Chemical -, O -a O -muscarinic O -cholinergic O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -using O -spontaneous O -alternation O -of O -Y O -- O -maze O -and O -step O -- O -down O -type O -passive O -avoidance O -tasks O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -nocistatin B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -5 O -. O -0 O -nmol O -mouse O -- O -1 O -, O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O -) O -administered O -30 O -min O -before O -spontaneous O -alternation O -performance O -or O -the O -training O -session O -of O -the O -passive O -avoidance O -task O -, O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -spontaneous O -alternation O -or O -passive O -avoidance O -behaviours O -, O -a O -lower O -per O -cent O -alternation O -and O -shorter O -median O -step O -- O -down O -latency O -in O -the O -retention O -test O -were O -obtained O -in O -nociceptin B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -and O -/ O -or O -5 O -. O -0 O -nmol O -mouse O -- O -1 O -, O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O -) O -- O -treated O -normal O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -nocistatin B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -and O -/ O -or O -5 O -. O -0 O -nmol O -mouse O -- O -1 O -, O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O -) O -30 O -min O -before O -spontaneous O -alternation O -performance O -or O -the O -training O -session O -of O -the O -passive O -avoidance O -task O -, O -attenuated O -the O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -impairment O -of O -spontaneous O -alternation O -and O -passive O -avoidance O -behaviours O -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicated O -that O -nocistatin B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -biologically O -active O -peptide O -, O -ameliorates O -impairments O -of O -spontaneous O -alternation O -and O -passive O -avoidance O -induced O -by O -scopolamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -suggested O -that O -these O -peptides O -play O -opposite O -roles O -in O -learning O -and O -memory O -. O - -aps B-category -Meloxicam B-Chemical -- O -induced O -liver O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -case O -of O -a O -female O -patient O -with O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -who O -developed O -acute O -cytolytic O -hepatitis O -due O -to O -meloxicam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Recently O -introduced O -in O -Belgium O -, O -meloxicam B-Chemical -is O -the O -first O -nonsteroidal O -antiinflammatory O -drug O -with O -selective O -action O -on O -the O -inducible O -form O -of O -cyclooxygenase O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acute O -cytolytic O -hepatitis O -occurred O -rapidly O -after O -meloxicam B-Chemical -administration O -and O -was O -associated O -with O -the O -development O -of O -antinuclear O -antibodies O -suggesting O -a O -hypersensitivity O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -first O -case O -of O -meloxicam B-Chemical -related O -liver O -toxicity O -demonstrates O -the O -potential O -of O -this O -drug O -to O -induce O -hepatic O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -apoptosis O -by O -remoxipride B-Chemical -metabolites O -in O -HL60 O -and O -CD34 O -+ O -/ O -CD19 O -- O -human O -bone O -marrow O -progenitor O -cells O -: O -potential O -relevance O -to O -remoxipride B-Chemical -- O -induced O -aplastic O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antipsychotic O -agent O -, O -remoxipride B-Chemical -[ O -( B-Chemical -S I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bromo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyrrolidinyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dimethoxybenz I-Chemical -amide I-Chemical -] O -has O -been O -associated O -with O -acquired O -aplastic O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -examined O -the O -ability O -of O -remoxipride B-Chemical -, O -three O -pyrrolidine B-Chemical -ring O -metabolites O -and O -five O -aromatic O -ring O -metabolites O -of O -the O -parent O -compound O -to O -induce O -apoptosis O -in O -HL60 O -cells O -and O -human O -bone O -marrow O -progenitor O -( O -HBMP O -) O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -were O -treated O -for O -0 O -- O -24 O -h O -with O -each O -compound O -( O -0 O -- O -200 O -microM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Apoptosis O -was O -assessed O -by O -fluorescence O -microscopy O -in O -Hoechst B-Chemical -33342 I-Chemical -- O -and O -propidium B-Chemical -iodide I-Chemical -stained O -cell O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -were O -confirmed O -by O -determination O -of O -internucleosomal O -DNA O -fragmentation O -using O -gel O -electrophoresis O -for O -HL60 O -cell O -samples O -and O -terminal O -deoxynucleotidyl O -transferase O -assay O -in O -HBMP O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -catechol B-Chemical -and O -hydroquinone B-Chemical -metabolites O -, O -NCQ436 B-Chemical -and O -NCQ344 B-Chemical -, O -induced O -apoptosis O -in O -HL60 O -and O -HBMP O -cells O -in O -a O -time O -- O -and O -concentration O -dependent O -manner O -, O -while O -the O -phenols B-Chemical -, O -NCR181 O -, O -FLA873 O -, O -and O -FLA797 B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -derivatives O -formed O -by O -oxidation O -of O -the O -pyrrolidine B-Chemical -ring O -, O -FLA838 O -, O -NCM001 O -, O -and O -NCL118 O -, O -had O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -necrosis O -was O -observed O -in O -cells O -treated O -with O -NCQ436 B-Chemical -but O -NCQ344 B-Chemical -had O -a O -biphasic O -effect O -in O -both O -cell O -types O -, O -inducing O -apoptosis O -at O -lower O -concentrations O -and O -necrosis O -at O -higher O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -show O -that O -the O -catechol B-Chemical -and O -hydroquinone B-Chemical -metabolites O -of O -remoxipride B-Chemical -have O -direct O -toxic O -effects O -in O -HL60 O -and O -HBMP O -cells O -, O -leading O -to O -apoptosis O -, O -while O -the O -phenol B-Chemical -metabolites O -were O -inactive O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -benzene B-Chemical -- O -derived O -catechol B-Chemical -and O -hydroquinone B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -phenol B-Chemical -, O -induce O -apoptosis O -in O -HBMP O -cells O -[ O -Moran O -et O -al O -. O -, O -Mol O -. O -Pharmacol O -. O -, O -50 O -( O -1996 O -) O -610 O -- O -615 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -propose O -that O -remoxipride B-Chemical -and O -benzene B-Chemical -may O -induce O -aplastic O -anemia O -via O -production O -of O -similar O -reactive O -metabolites O -and O -that O -the O -ability O -of O -NCQ436 B-Chemical -and O -NCQ344 B-Chemical -to O -induce O -apoptosis O -in O -HBMP O -cells O -may O -contribute O -to O -the O -mechanism O -underlying O -acquired O -aplastic O -anemia O -that O -has O -been O -associated O -with O -remoxipride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -and O -preliminary O -pharmacological O -investigations O -of O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acenaphthylenyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -piperazine I-Chemical -derivatives O -as O -potential O -atypical O -antipsychotic O -agents O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -research O -towards O -the O -development O -of O -new O -atypical O -antipsychotic O -agents O -, O -one O -strategy O -is O -that O -the O -dopaminergic O -system O -can O -be O -modulated O -through O -manipulation O -of O -the O -serotonergic O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -and O -preliminary O -pharmacological O -evaluation O -of O -a O -series O -of O -potential O -atypical O -antipsychotic O -agents O -based O -on O -the O -structure O -of O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acenaphthylenyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -piperazine I-Chemical -( O -7 O -) O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Compound O -7e O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -{ I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acenaphthylenyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -piperazinyl I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -ethyl I-Chemical -} I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihy I-Chemical -dro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -indol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -one I-Chemical -, O -from O -this O -series O -showed O -significant O -affinities O -at O -the O -5 O -- O -HT1A O -and O -5 O -- O -HT2A O -receptors O -and O -moderate O -affinity O -at O -the O -D2 O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -7e O -exhibits O -a O -high O -reversal O -of O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -haloperidol B-Chemical -indicating O -its O -atypical O -antipsychotic O -nature O -. O - -aps B-category -Sub O -- O -chronic O -inhibition O -of O -nitric B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -synthesis O -modifies O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -and O -the O -number O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- O -diaphorase O -neurons O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -RATIONALE O -: O -NG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NOARG I-Chemical -) O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -nitric B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -synthase O -( O -NOS O -) O -, O -induces O -catalepsy O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -undergoes O -rapid O -tolerance O -, O -showing O -a O -significant O -decrease O -after O -2 O -days O -of O -sub O -- O -chronic O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NOARG I-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -( O -NO B-Chemical -) O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -influence O -dopaminergic O -neurotransmission O -in O -the O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic O -drugs O -such O -as O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -which O -block O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -, O -also O -cause O -catalepsy O -in O -rodents O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -To O -investigate O -the O -effects O -of O -subchronic O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NOARG I-Chemical -treatment O -in O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -and O -the O -number O -of O -NOS O -neurons O -in O -areas O -related O -to O -motor O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Male O -albino O -Swiss O -mice O -were O -treated O -sub O -- O -chronically O -( O -twice O -a O -day O -for O -4 O -days O -) O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NOARG I-Chemical -( O -40 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -or O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Catalepsy O -was O -evaluated O -at O -the O -beginning O -and O -the O -end O -of O -the O -treatments O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- O -diaphorase O -( O -NADPH B-Chemical -- O -d O -) O -histochemistry O -was O -also O -employed O -to O -visualize O -NOS O -as O -an O -index O -of O -enzyme O -expression O -in O -mice O -brain O -regions O -related O -to O -motor O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NOARG I-Chemical -sub O -- O -chronic O -administration O -produced O -tolerance O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NOARG I-Chemical -and O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -also O -induced O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -number O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- O -d O -- O -positive O -cells O -in O -the O -dorsal O -part O -of O -the O -caudate O -and O -accumbens O -nuclei O -compared O -with O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -in O -the O -pedunculopontine O -tegmental O -nucleus O -compared O -with O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -there O -was O -a O -decrease O -in O -NADPH B-Chemical -- O -d O -neuron O -number O -in O -the O -substantia O -nigra O -, O -pars O -compacta O -in O -both O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -treated O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NOARG I-Chemical -- O -treated O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -results O -give O -further O -support O -to O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -NO B-Chemical -plays O -a O -role O -in O -motor O -behavior O -control O -and O -suggest O -that O -it O -may O -take O -part O -in O -the O -synaptic O -changes O -produced O -by O -antipsychotic O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolonged O -left O -ventricular O -dysfunction O -occurs O -in O -patients O -with O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -after O -both O -dobutamine B-Chemical -and O -exercise O -induced O -myocardial O -ischaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -determine O -whether O -pharmacological O -stress O -leads O -to O -prolonged O -but O -reversible O -left O -ventricular O -dysfunction O -in O -patients O -with O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -, O -similar O -to O -that O -seen O -after O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -A O -randomised O -crossover O -study O -of O -recovery O -time O -of O -systolic O -and O -diastolic O -left O -ventricular O -function O -after O -exercise O -and O -dobutamine B-Chemical -induced O -ischaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -SUBJECTS O -: O -10 O -patients O -with O -stable O -angina O -, O -angiographically O -proven O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -, O -and O -normal O -left O -ventricular O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -INTERVENTIONS O -: O -Treadmill O -exercise O -and O -dobutamine B-Chemical -stress O -were O -performed O -on O -different O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -assessment O -of O -systolic O -and O -diastolic O -left O -ventricular O -function O -was O -performed O -using O -transthoracic O -echocardiography O -at O -baseline O -and O -at O -regular O -intervals O -after O -each O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Both O -forms O -of O -stress O -led O -to O -prolonged O -but O -reversible O -systolic O -and O -diastolic O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -difference O -in O -the O -maximum O -double O -product O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -53 O -) O -or O -ST O -depression O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -63 O -) O -with O -either O -form O -of O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -exercise O -, O -ejection O -fraction O -was O -reduced O -at O -15 O -and O -30 O -minutes O -compared O -with O -baseline O -( O -mean O -( O -SEM O -) O -, O -- O -5 O -. O -6 O -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -) O -% O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -; O -and O -- O -6 O -. O -1 O -( O -2 O -. O -2 O -) O -% O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -and O -at O -30 O -and O -45 O -minutes O -after O -dobutamine B-Chemical -( O -- O -10 O -. O -8 O -( O -1 O -. O -8 O -) O -% O -and O -- O -5 O -. O -5 O -( O -1 O -. O -8 O -) O -% O -, O -both O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Regional O -analysis O -showed O -a O -reduction O -in O -the O -worst O -affected O -segment O -15 O -and O -30 O -minutes O -after O -exercise O -( O -- O -27 O -. O -9 O -( O -7 O -. O -2 O -) O -% O -and O -- O -28 O -. O -6 O -( O -5 O -. O -7 O -) O -% O -, O -both O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -and O -at O -30 O -minutes O -after O -dobutamine B-Chemical -( O -- O -32 O -( O -5 O -. O -3 O -) O -% O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -isovolumic O -relaxation O -period O -was O -prolonged O -45 O -minutes O -after O -each O -form O -of O -stress O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -In O -patients O -with O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -, O -dobutamine B-Chemical -induced O -ischaemia O -results O -in O -prolonged O -reversible O -left O -ventricular O -dysfunction O -, O -presumed O -to O -be O -myocardial O -stunning O -, O -similar O -to O -that O -seen O -after O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -Dobutamine B-Chemical -induced O -ischaemia O -could O -therefore O -be O -used O -to O -study O -the O -pathophysiology O -of O -this O -phenomenon O -further O -in O -patients O -with O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Anorexigens O -and O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -in O -the O -United O -States O -: O -results O -from O -the O -surveillance O -of O -North O -American O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -The O -use O -of O -appetite O -suppressants O -in O -Europe O -has O -been O -associated O -with O -the O -development O -of O -primary O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -( O -PPH O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Recently O -, O -fenfluramine B-Chemical -appetite O -suppressants O -became O -widely O -used O -in O -the O -United O -States O -but O -were O -withdrawn O -in O -September O -1997 O -because O -of O -concerns O -over O -adverse O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -MATERIALS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -We O -conducted O -a O -prospective O -surveillance O -study O -on O -patients O -diagnosed O -with O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -at O -12 O -large O -referral O -centers O -in O -North O -America O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -collected O -on O -patients O -seen O -from O -September O -1 O -, O -1996 O -, O -to O -December O -31 O -, O -1997 O -, O -included O -the O -cause O -of O -the O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -and O -its O -severity O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -no O -identifiable O -cause O -of O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -were O -classed O -as O -PPH O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -history O -of O -drug O -exposure O -also O -was O -taken O -with O -special O -attention O -on O -the O -use O -of O -antidepressants O -, O -anorexigens O -, O -and O -amphetamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Five O -hundred O -seventy O -- O -nine O -patients O -were O -studied O -, O -205 O -with O -PPH O -and O -374 O -with O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -from O -other O -causes O -( O -secondary O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -[ O -SPH O -] O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -anorexigens O -was O -common O -in O -both O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -of O -the O -medications O -surveyed O -, O -only O -the O -fenfluramines B-Chemical -had O -a O -significant O -preferential O -association O -with O -PPH O -as O -compared O -with O -SPH O -( O -adjusted O -odds O -ratio O -for O -use O -> O -6 O -months O -, O -7 O -. O -5 O -; O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -, O -1 O -. O -7 O -to O -32 O -. O -4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -association O -was O -stronger O -with O -longer O -duration O -of O -use O -when O -compared O -to O -shorter O -duration O -of O -use O -and O -was O -more O -pronounced O -in O -recent O -users O -than O -in O -remote O -users O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -unexpectedly O -high O -( O -11 O -. O -4 O -% O -) O -number O -of O -patients O -with O -SPH O -had O -used O -anorexigens O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -The O -magnitude O -of O -the O -association O -with O -PPH O -, O -the O -increase O -of O -association O -with O -increasing O -duration O -of O -use O -, O -and O -the O -specificity O -for O -fenfluramines B-Chemical -are O -consistent O -with O -previous O -studies O -indicating O -that O -fenfluramines B-Chemical -are O -causally O -related O -to O -PPH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -prevalence O -of O -anorexigen O -use O -in O -patients O -with O -SPH O -also O -raises O -the O -possibility O -that O -these O -drugs O -precipitate O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -in O -patients O -with O -underlying O -conditions O -associated O -with O -SPH O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -aspects O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -and O -thrombosis O -and O -other O -side O -effects O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Heparin B-Chemical -, O -first O -used O -to O -prevent O -the O -clotting O -of O -blood O -in O -vitro O -, O -has O -been O -clinically O -used O -to O -treat O -thrombosis O -for O -more O -than O -50 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -several O -new O -anticoagulant O -drugs O -are O -in O -development O -, O -heparin B-Chemical -remains O -the O -anticoagulant O -of O -choice O -to O -treat O -acute O -thrombotic O -episodes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -effects O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -are O -meritorious O -, O -but O -side O -effects O -do O -exist O -. O - -aps B-category -Bleeding O -is O -the O -primary O -untoward O -effect O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Major O -bleeding O -is O -of O -primary O -concern O -in O -patients O -receiving O -heparin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -additional O -important O -untoward O -effects O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -therapy O -include O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -, O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -associated O -osteoporosis O -, O -eosinophilia O -, O -skin O -reactions O -, O -allergic O -reactions O -other O -than O -thrombocytopenia O -, O -alopecia O -, O -transaminasemia O -, O -hyperkalemia O -, O -hypoaldosteronism O -, O -and O -priapism O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -side O -effects O -are O -relatively O -rare O -in O -a O -given O -individual O -, O -but O -given O -the O -extremely O -widespread O -use O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -some O -are O -quite O -common O -, O -particularly O -HITT O -and O -osteoporosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -reasonable O -incidences O -of O -many O -of O -these O -side O -effects O -can O -be O -" O -softly O -" O -deduced O -from O -current O -reports O -dealing O -with O -unfractionated O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -at O -present O -the O -incidences O -of O -these O -side O -effects O -with O -newer O -low O -molecular O -weight O -heparins B-Chemical -appear O -to O -be O -much O -less O -common O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -only O -longer O -experience O -will O -more O -clearly O -define O -the O -incidence O -of O -each O -side O -effect O -with O -low O -molecular O -weight O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -bilateral O -optic O -neuropathy O -in O -a O -patient O -on O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -( O -FK506 B-Chemical -) O -therapy O -after O -liver O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -To O -report O -a O -case O -of O -bilateral O -optic O -neuropathy O -in O -a O -patient O -receiving O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -( O -FK B-Chemical -506 I-Chemical -, O -Prograf O -; O -Fujisawa O -USA O -, O -Inc O -, O -Deerfield O -, O -Illinois O -) O -for O -immunosuppression O -after O -orthotropic O -liver O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -Case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -58 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -receiving O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -after O -orthotropic O -liver O -transplantation O -, O -serial O -neuro O -- O -ophthalmologic O -examinations O -and O -laboratory O -studies O -were O -performed O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -patient O -had O -episodic O -deterioration O -of O -vision O -in O -both O -eyes O -, O -with O -clinical O -features O -resembling O -ischemic O -optic O -neuropathies O -. O - -aps B-category -Deterioration O -of O -vision O -occurred O -despite O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Tacrolimus B-Chemical -and O -other O -immunosuppressive O -agents O -may O -be O -associated O -with O -optic O -nerve O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypercalcemia O -, O -arrhythmia O -, O -and O -mood O -stabilizers O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -findings O -in O -a O -bipolar O -patient O -receiving O -maintenance O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -who O -developed O -hypercalcemia O -and O -severe O -bradyarrhythmia O -prompted O -the O -authors O -to O -conduct O -a O -retrospective O -study O -of O -bipolar O -patients O -with O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -associated O -hypercalcemia O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -printout O -of O -all O -cases O -of O -hypercalcemia O -that O -presented O -during O -a O -1 O -- O -year O -period O -was O -generated O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -eliminating O -spurious O -hypercalcemias O -or O -those O -associated O -with O -intravenous O -fluids O -, O -the O -authors O -identified O -18 O -non O -- O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -with O -hypercalcemias O -related O -to O -malignancies O -and O -other O -medical O -conditions O -( O -group O -A O -) O -and O -12 O -patients O -with O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -associated O -hypercalcemia O -( O -group O -B O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -in O -group O -B O -were O -not O -comparable O -to O -those O -in O -group O -A O -, O -as O -the O -latter O -were O -medically O -compromised O -and O -were O -receiving O -multiple O -pharmacotherapies O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -two O -control O -groups O -were O -generated O -: O -group O -C1 O -, O -which O -included O -age O -- O -and O -sex O -- O -comparable O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -treated O -bipolar O -normocalcemic O -patients O -, O -and O -group O -C2 O -, O -which O -included O -bipolar O -normocalcemic O -patients O -treated O -with O -anticonvulsant O -mood O -stabilizers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -electrocardiographic O -( O -ECG O -) O -findings O -for O -patients O -in O -group O -B O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -patients O -in O -groups O -C1 O -and O -C2 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -these O -groups O -did O -not O -differ O -in O -their O -overall O -frequency O -of O -ECG O -abnormalities O -; O -however O -, O -there O -were O -significant O -differences O -in O -the O -frequency O -of O -conduction O -defects O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -hypercalcemia O -resulting O -from O -medical O -diseases O -and O -bipolar O -patients O -with O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -associated O -hypercalcemia O -had O -significantly O -higher O -frequencies O -of O -conduction O -defects O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -in O -group O -A O -had O -significant O -mortality O -at O -2 O -- O -year O -follow O -- O -up O -( O -28 O -% O -) O -, O -in O -contrast O -to O -zero O -mortality O -in O -the O -other O -three O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -implications O -of O -these O -findings O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Attenuation O -of O -nephrotoxicity O -by O -a O -novel O -lipid O -nanosphere O -( O -NS O -- O -718 O -) O -incorporating O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -NS O -- O -718 O -, O -a O -lipid O -nanosphere O -incorporating O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -, O -is O -effective O -against O -pathogenic O -fungi O -and O -has O -low O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -compared O -the O -toxicity O -of O -NS O -- O -718 O -with O -that O -of O -Fungizone B-Chemical -( O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -; O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -AmB I-Chemical -) O -in O -vitro O -using O -renal O -cell O -cultures O -and O -in O -vivo O -by O -biochemical O -analysis O -, O -histopathological O -study O -of O -the O -kidney O -and O -pharmacokinetic O -study O -of O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -following O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -the O -formulation O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -with O -NS O -- O -718 O -resulted O -in O -significantly O -less O -damage O -of O -cultured O -human O -renal O -proximal O -tubular O -epithelial O -cells O -compared O -with O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -AmB I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -blood O -urea B-Chemical -and O -creatinine B-Chemical -concentrations O -increased O -significantly O -in O -rats O -given O -an O -iv O -infusion O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -AmB I-Chemical -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -but O -not O -in O -those O -given O -the O -same O -dose O -of O -NS O -- O -718 O -. O - -aps B-category -Histopathological O -examination O -of O -the O -kidney O -showed O -tubular O -necrosis O -in O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -AmB I-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -but O -no O -change O -in O -NS O -- O -718 O -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -kidney O -in O -NS O -- O -718 O -- O -treated O -rats O -were O -higher O -than O -those O -in O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -AmB I-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -results O -suggest O -that O -incorporation O -of O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -into O -lipid O -nanospheres O -of O -NS O -- O -718 O -attenuates O -the O -nephrotoxicity O -of O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Patterns O -of O -sulfadiazine B-Chemical -acute O -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulfadiazine B-Chemical -acute O -nephrotoxicity O -is O -reviving O -specially O -because O -of O -its O -use O -in O -toxoplasmosis O -in O -HIV O -- O -positive O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -4 O -cases O -, O -one O -of O -them O -in O -a O -previously O -healthy O -person O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -treatment O -with O -sulfadiazine B-Chemical -they O -developed O -oliguria O -, O -abdominal O -pain O -, O -renal O -failure O -and O -showed O -multiple O -radiolucent O -renal O -calculi O -in O -echography O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -recovered O -their O -previous O -normal O -renal O -function O -after O -adequate O -hydration O -and O -alcalinization O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -nephrostomy O -tube O -had O -to O -be O -placed O -in O -one O -of O -the O -patients O -for O -ureteral O -lithiasis O -in O -a O -single O -functional O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -them O -needed O -dialysis O -or O -a O -renal O -biopsy O -because O -of O -a O -typical O -benign O -course O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -sulfadiazine B-Chemical -requires O -exquisite O -control O -of O -renal O -function O -, O -an O -increase O -in O -water O -ingestion O -and O -possibly O -the O -alcalinization O -of O -the O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -communicate O -a O -case O -in O -a O -previously O -healthy O -person O -, O -a O -fact O -not O -found O -in O -the O -recent O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -Probably O -many O -more O -cases O -are O -not O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -think O -that O -a O -prospective O -study O -would O -be O -useful O -. O - -aps B-category -Downbeat O -nystagmus O -associated O -with O -intravenous O -patient O -- O -controlled O -administration O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -IMPLICATIONS O -: O -This O -case O -documents O -a O -patient O -who O -developed O -dizziness O -with O -downbeating O -nystagmus O -while O -receiving O -a O -relatively O -large O -dose O -of O -IV O -patient O -- O -controlled O -analgesia O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -there O -have O -been O -case O -reports O -of O -epidural O -morphine B-Chemical -with O -these O -symptoms O -and O -signs O -, O -this O -has O -not O -been O -previously O -documented O -with O -IV O -or O -patient O -- O -controlled O -analgesia O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hemodynamic O -and O -antiadrenergic O -effects O -of O -dronedarone B-Chemical -and O -amiodarone B-Chemical -in O -animals O -with O -a O -healed O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hemodynamic O -and O -antiadrenergic O -effects O -of O -dronedarone B-Chemical -, O -a O -noniodinated O -compound O -structurally O -related O -to O -amiodarone B-Chemical -, O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -after O -prolonged O -oral O -administration O -, O -both O -at O -rest O -and O -during O -sympathetic O -stimulation O -in O -conscious O -dogs O -with O -a O -healed O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -dogs O -( O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -randomly O -received O -orally O -dronedarone B-Chemical -( O -10 O -and O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -amiodarone B-Chemical -( O -10 O -and O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -and O -placebo O -twice O -daily O -for O -7 O -days O -, O -with O -a O -3 O -- O -week O -washout O -between O -consecutive O -treatments O -. O - -aps B-category -Heart O -rate O -( O -HR O -) O -, O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -( O -MBP O -) O -, O -positive O -rate O -of O -increase O -of O -left O -ventricular O -pressure O -( O -+ O -LVdP O -/ O -dt O -) O -, O -echocardiographically O -assessed O -left O -ventricular O -ejection O -fraction O -( O -LVEF O -) O -, O -and O -fractional O -shortening O -( O -FS O -) O -, O -as O -well O -as O -chronotropic O -response O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -and O -exercise O -- O -induced O -sympathetic O -stimulation O -were O -evaluated O -under O -baseline O -and O -posttreatment O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Resting O -values O -of O -LVEF O -, O -FS O -, O -+ O -LVdP O -/ O -dt O -, O -and O -MBP O -remained O -unchanged O -whatever O -the O -drug O -and O -the O -dosing O -regimen O -, O -whereas O -resting O -HR O -was O -significantly O -and O -dose O -- O -dependently O -lowered O -after O -dronedarone B-Chemical -and O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -after O -amiodarone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -dronedarone B-Chemical -and O -amiodarone B-Chemical -significantly O -reduced O -the O -exercise O -- O -induced O -tachycardia O -and O -, O -at O -the O -highest O -dose O -, O -decreased O -the O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -tachycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -dronedarone B-Chemical -and O -amiodarone B-Chemical -displayed O -a O -similar O -level O -of O -antiadrenergic O -effect O -and O -did O -not O -impair O -the O -resting O -left O -ventricular O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Consequently O -, O -dronedarone B-Chemical -might O -be O -particularly O -suitable O -for O -the O -treatment O -and O -prevention O -of O -various O -clinical O -arrhythmias O -, O -without O -compromising O -the O -left O -ventricular O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Phase O -2 O -trial O -of O -liposomal O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -40 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -) O -in O -platinum B-Chemical -/ O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -- O -refractory O -ovarian O -and O -fallopian O -tube O -cancers O -and O -primary O -carcinoma O -of O -the O -peritoneum O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Several O -studies O -have O -demonstrated O -liposomal O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -Doxil B-Chemical -) O -to O -be O -an O -active O -antineoplastic O -agent O -in O -platinum B-Chemical -- O -resistant O -ovarian O -cancer O -, O -with O -dose O -limiting O -toxicity O -of O -the O -standard O -dosing O -regimen O -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -q O -4 O -weeks O -) O -being O -severe O -erythrodysesthesia O -( O -" O -hand O -- O -foot O -syndrome O -" O -) O -and O -stomatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -wished O -to O -develop O -a O -more O -tolerable O -liposomal O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -treatment O -regimen O -and O -document O -its O -level O -of O -activity O -in O -a O -well O -- O -defined O -patient O -population O -with O -platinum B-Chemical -/ O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -- O -refractory O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -AND O -MATERIALS O -: O -Patients O -with O -ovarian O -or O -fallopian O -tube O -cancers O -or O -primary O -peritoneal O -carcinoma O -with O -platinum B-Chemical -/ O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -- O -refractory O -disease O -( O -stable O -or O -progressive O -disease O -following O -treatment O -with O -these O -agents O -or O -previous O -objective O -response O -< O -3 O -months O -in O -duration O -) O -were O -treated O -with O -liposomal O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -at O -a O -dose O -of O -40 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -q O -4 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -A O -total O -of O -49 O -patients O -( O -median O -age O -: O -60 O -; O -range O -41 O -- O -81 O -) O -entered O -this O -phase O -2 O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -median O -number O -of O -prior O -regimens O -was O -2 O -( O -range O -: O -1 O -- O -6 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -( O -12 O -% O -) O -and O -4 O -( O -8 O -% O -) O -patients O -experienced O -grade O -2 O -hand O -- O -foot O -syndrome O -and O -stomatitis O -, O -respectively O -( O -no O -episodes O -of O -grade O -3 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -patient O -developed O -grade O -3 O -diarrhea O -requiring O -hospitalization O -for O -hydration O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -( O -12 O -% O -) O -individuals O -required O -dose O -reductions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -median O -number O -of O -courses O -of O -liposomal O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -administered O -on O -this O -protocol O -was O -2 O -( O -range O -: O -1 O -- O -12 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -of O -44 O -patients O -( O -9 O -% O -) O -evaluable O -for O -response O -exhibited O -objective O -and O -subjective O -evidence O -of O -an O -antineoplastic O -effect O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -This O -modified O -liposomal O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -regimen O -results O -in O -less O -toxicity O -( O -stomatitis O -, O -hand O -- O -foot O -syndrome O -) O -than O -the O -standard O -FDA O -- O -approved O -dose O -schedule O -. O - -aps B-category -Definite O -, O -although O -limited O -, O -antineoplastic O -activity O -is O -observed O -in O -patients O -with O -well O -- O -defined O -platinum B-Chemical -- O -and O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -- O -refractory O -ovarian O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Efficacy O -of O -olanzapine B-Chemical -in O -acute O -bipolar O -mania O -: O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Olanzipine B-Chemical -HGGW O -Study O -Group O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -We O -compared O -the O -efficacy O -and O -safety O -of O -olanzapine B-Chemical -vs O -placebo O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -acute O -bipolar O -mania O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Four O -- O -week O -, O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -parallel O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -115 O -patients O -with O -a O -DSM O -- O -IV O -diagnosis O -of O -bipolar O -disorder O -, O -manic O -or O -mixed O -, O -were O -randomized O -to O -olanzapine B-Chemical -, O -5 O -to O -20 O -mg O -/ O -d O -( O -n O -= O -55 O -) O -, O -or O -placebo O -( O -n O -= O -60 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -primary O -efficacy O -measure O -was O -the O -Young O -- O -Mania O -Rating O -Scale O -( O -Y O -- O -MRS O -) O -total O -score O -. O - -aps B-category -Response O -and O -euthymia O -were O -defined O -, O -a O -priori O -, O -as O -at O -least O -a O -50 O -% O -improvement O -from O -baseline O -to O -end O -point O -and O -as O -a O -score O -of O -no O -less O -than O -12 O -at O -end O -point O -in O -the O -Y O -- O -MRS O -total O -score O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Safety O -was O -assessed O -using O -adverse O -events O -, O -Extrapyramidal O -Symptom O -( O -EPS O -) O -rating O -scales O -, O -laboratory O -values O -, O -electrocardiograms O -, O -vital O -signs O -, O -and O -weight O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Olanzapine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -demonstrated O -a O -statistically O -significant O -greater O -mean O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -) O -improvement O -in O -Y O -- O -MRS O -total O -score O -than O -placebo O -- O -treated O -patients O -( O -- O -14 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -12 O -. O -5 O -and O -- O -8 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -12 O -. O -7 O -, O -respectively O -; O -P O -< O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -which O -was O -evident O -at O -the O -first O -postbaseline O -observation O -1 O -week O -after O -randomization O -and O -was O -maintained O -throughout O -the O -study O -( O -last O -observation O -carried O -forward O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Olanzapine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -demonstrated O -a O -higher O -rate O -of O -response O -( O -65 O -% O -vs O -43 O -% O -, O -respectively O -; O -P O -= O -. O -02 O -) O -and O -euthymia O -( O -61 O -% O -vs O -36 O -% O -, O -respectively O -; O -P O -= O -. O -01 O -) O -than O -placebo O -- O -treated O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -statistically O -significant O -differences O -in O -EPSs O -between O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -olanzapine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -had O -a O -statistically O -significant O -greater O -mean O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -) O -weight O -gain O -than O -placebo O -- O -treated O -patients O -( O -2 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -8 O -vs O -0 O -. O -45 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -3 O -kg O -, O -respectively O -) O -and O -also O -experienced O -more O -treatment O -- O -emergent O -somnolence O -( O -21 O -patients O -[ O -38 O -. O -2 O -% O -] O -vs O -5 O -[ O -8 O -. O -3 O -% O -] O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Olanzapine B-Chemical -demonstrated O -greater O -efficacy O -than O -placebo O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -acute O -bipolar O -mania O -and O -was O -generally O -well O -tolerated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -pupil O -dilation O -with O -tropicamide B-Chemical -on O -vision O -and O -driving O -simulator O -performance O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -To O -assess O -the O -effect O -of O -pupil O -dilation O -on O -vision O -and O -driving O -ability O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -A O -series O -of O -tests O -on O -various O -parameters O -of O -visual O -function O -and O -driving O -simulator O -performance O -were O -performed O -on O -12 O -healthy O -drivers O -, O -before O -and O -after O -pupil O -dilation O -using O -guttae O -tropicamide B-Chemical -1 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -driving O -simulator O -( O -Transport O -Research O -Laboratory O -) O -was O -used O -to O -measure O -reaction O -time O -( O -RT O -) O -, O -speed O -maintenance O -and O -steering O -accuracy O -. O - -aps B-category -Tests O -of O -basic O -visual O -function O -included O -high O -- O -and O -low O -- O -contrast O -visual O -acuity O -( O -HCVA O -and O -LCVA O -) O -, O -Pelli O -- O -Robson O -contrast O -threshold O -( O -CT O -) O -and O -Goldmann O -perimetry O -( O -FIELDS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Useful O -Field O -of O -View O -( O -UFOV O -- O -- O -a O -test O -of O -visual O -attention O -) O -was O -also O -undertaken O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -differences O -in O -the O -pre O -- O -and O -post O -- O -dilatation O -measurements O -were O -tested O -for O -statistical O -significance O -at O -the O -95 O -% O -level O -using O -one O -- O -tail O -paired O -t O -- O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Pupillary O -dilation O -resulted O -in O -a O -statistically O -significant O -deterioration O -in O -CT O -and O -HCVA O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -of O -12 O -drivers O -also O -exhibited O -deterioration O -in O -LCVA O -, O -CT O -and O -RT O -. O - -aps B-category -Little O -evidence O -emerged O -for O -deterioration O -in O -FIELDS O -and O -UFOV O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -7 O -of O -12 O -drivers O -appeared O -to O -adjust O -their O -driving O -behaviour O -by O -reducing O -their O -speed O -on O -the O -driving O -simulator O -, O -leading O -to O -improved O -steering O -accuracy O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Pupillary O -dilation O -may O -lead O -to O -a O -decrease O -in O -vision O -and O -daylight O -driving O -performance O -in O -young O -people O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -larger O -study O -, O -including O -a O -broader O -spectrum O -of O -subjects O -, O -is O -warranted O -before O -guidelines O -can O -be O -recommended O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -isotretinoin O -embryopathy O -with O -bilateral O -anotia O -and O -Taussig O -- O -Bing O -malformation O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -newborn O -infant O -with O -multiple O -congenital O -anomalies O -( O -anotia O -and O -Taussig O -- O -Bing O -malformation O -) O -due O -to O -exposure O -to O -isotretinoin B-Chemical -within O -the O -first O -trimester O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -paper O -we O -aim O -to O -draw O -to O -the O -fact O -that O -caution O -is O -needed O -when O -prescribing O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -- O -containing O -drugs O -to O -women O -of O -childbearing O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -methoxamine B-Chemical -on O -maximum O -urethral O -pressure O -in O -women O -with O -genuine O -stress O -incontinence O -: O -a O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -crossover O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -the O -study O -was O -to O -evaluate O -the O -potential O -role O -for O -a O -selective O -alpha1 O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonist O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -urinary O -stress O -incontinence O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -randomised O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -, O -crossover O -study O -design O -was O -employed O -. O - -aps B-category -Half O -log O -incremental O -doses O -of O -intravenous O -methoxamine B-Chemical -or O -placebo O -( O -saline O -) O -were O -administered O -to O -a O -group O -of O -women O -with O -genuine O -stress O -incontinence O -while O -measuring O -maximum O -urethral O -pressure O -( O -MUP O -) O -, O -blood O -pressure O -, O -heart O -rate O -, O -and O -symptomatic O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Methoxamine B-Chemical -evoked O -non O -- O -significant O -increases O -in O -MUP O -and O -diastolic O -blood O -pressure O -but O -caused O -a O -significant O -rise O -in O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -and O -significant O -fall O -in O -heart O -rate O -at O -maximum O -dosage O -. O - -aps B-category -Systemic O -side O -effects O -including O -piloerection O -, O -headache O -, O -and O -cold O -extremities O -were O -experienced O -in O -all O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -clinical O -usefulness O -of O -direct O -, O -peripherally O -acting O -sub O -- O -type O -- O -selective O -alpha1 O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonists O -in O -the O -medical O -treatment O -of O -stress O -incontinence O -may O -be O -limited O -by O -associated O -piloerection O -and O -cardiovascular O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyperglycemic O -effect O -of O -amino B-Chemical -compounds O -structurally O -related O -to O -caproate B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chronic O -feeding O -of O -small O -amounts O -( O -0 O -. O -3 O -- O -3 O -% O -of O -diet O -weight O -) O -of O -certain O -amino B-Chemical -derivatives O -of O -caproate B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -hyperglycemia O -, O -an O -elevated O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -curve O -and O -, O -occasionally O -, O -glucosuria O -. O - -aps B-category -Effective O -compounds O -included O -norleucine B-Chemical -, O -norvaline B-Chemical -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminocaproate I-Chemical -, O -methionine B-Chemical -, O -and O -leucine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Toleration O -of O -high O -doses O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -converting I-Chemical -enzyme I-Chemical -inhibitors I-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -chronic O -heart O -failure O -: O -results O -from O -the O -ATLAS O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Assessment O -of O -Treatment O -with O -Lisinopril B-Chemical -and O -Survival O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Treatment O -with O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -converting I-Chemical -enzyme I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -ACE I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -inhibitors I-Chemical -reduces O -mortality O -and O -morbidity O -in O -patients O -with O -chronic O -heart O -failure O -( O -CHF O -) O -, O -but O -most O -affected O -patients O -are O -not O -receiving O -these O -agents O -or O -are O -being O -treated O -with O -doses O -lower O -than O -those O -found O -to O -be O -efficacious O -in O -trials O -, O -primarily O -because O -of O -concerns O -about O -the O -safety O -and O -tolerability O -of O -these O -agents O -, O -especially O -at O -the O -recommended O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -examines O -the O -safety O -and O -tolerability O -of O -high O -- O -compared O -with O -low O -- O -dose O -lisinopril B-Chemical -in O -CHF O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -The O -Assessment O -of O -Lisinopril B-Chemical -and O -Survival O -study O -was O -a O -multicenter O -, O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -in O -which O -patients O -with O -or O -without O -previous O -ACE B-Chemical -inhibitor I-Chemical -treatment O -were O -stabilized O -receiving O -medium O -- O -dose O -lisinopril B-Chemical -( O -12 O -. O -5 O -or O -15 O -. O -0 O -mg O -once O -daily O -[ O -OD O -] O -) O -for O -2 O -to O -4 O -weeks O -and O -then O -randomized O -to O -high O -- O -( O -35 O -. O -0 O -or O -32 O -. O -5 O -mg O -OD O -) O -or O -low O -- O -dose O -( O -5 O -. O -0 O -or O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -OD O -) O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -New O -York O -Heart O -Association O -classes O -II O -to O -IV O -CHF O -and O -left O -ventricular O -ejection O -fractions O -of O -no O -greater O -than O -0 O -. O -30 O -( O -n O -= O -3164 O -) O -were O -randomized O -and O -followed O -up O -for O -a O -median O -of O -46 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -examined O -the O -occurrence O -of O -adverse O -events O -and O -the O -need O -for O -discontinuation O -and O -dose O -reduction O -during O -treatment O -, O -with O -a O -focus O -on O -hypotension O -and O -renal O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Of O -405 O -patients O -not O -previously O -receiving O -an O -ACE B-Chemical -inhibitor I-Chemical -, O -doses O -in O -only O -4 O -. O -2 O -% O -could O -not O -be O -titrated O -to O -the O -medium O -doses O -required O -for O -randomization O -because O -of O -symptoms O -possibly O -related O -to O -hypotension O -( O -2 O -. O -0 O -% O -) O -or O -because O -of O -renal O -dysfunction O -or O -hyperkalemia O -( O -2 O -. O -3 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Doses O -in O -more O -than O -90 O -% O -of O -randomized O -patients O -in O -the O -high O -- O -and O -low O -- O -dose O -groups O -were O -titrated O -to O -their O -assigned O -target O -, O -and O -the O -mean O -doses O -of O -blinded O -medication O -in O -both O -groups O -remained O -similar O -throughout O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Withdrawals O -occurred O -in O -27 O -. O -1 O -% O -of O -the O -high O -- O -and O -30 O -. O -7 O -% O -of O -the O -low O -- O -dose O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Subgroups O -presumed O -to O -be O -at O -higher O -risk O -for O -ACE B-Chemical -inhibitor I-Chemical -intolerance O -( O -blood O -pressure O -, O -< O -120 O -mm O -Hg O -; O -creatinine B-Chemical -, O -> O -or O -= O -132 O -. O -6 O -micromol O -/ O -L O -[ O -> O -or O -= O -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -] O -; O -age O -, O -> O -or O -= O -70 O -years O -; O -and O -patients O -with O -diabetes O -) O -generally O -tolerated O -the O -high O -- O -dose O -strategy O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -These O -findings O -demonstrate O -that O -ACE B-Chemical -inhibitor I-Chemical -therapy O -in O -most O -patients O -with O -CHF O -can O -be O -successfully O -titrated O -to O -and O -maintained O -at O -high O -doses O -, O -and O -that O -more O -aggressive O -use O -of O -these O -agents O -is O -warranted O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -and O -cocaethylene B-Chemical -cardiotoxity O -in O -an O -animal O -model O -of O -cocaine O -and O -ethanol O -abuse O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -Simultaneous O -abuse O -of O -cocaine O -and O -ethanol O -affects O -12 O -million O -Americans O -annually O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -combination O -, O -these O -substances O -are O -substantially O -more O -toxic O -than O -either O -drug O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -combined O -cardiac O -toxicity O -may O -be O -due O -to O -independent O -effects O -of O -each O -drug O -; O -however O -, O -they O -may O -also O -be O -due O -to O -cocaethylene B-Chemical -( O -CE B-Chemical -) O -, O -a O -cocaine B-Chemical -metabolite O -formed O -only O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -delineate O -the O -role O -of O -CE B-Chemical -in O -the O -combined O -cardiotoxicity O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -in O -a O -model O -simulating O -their O -abuse O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Twenty O -- O -three O -dogs O -were O -randomized O -to O -receive O -either O -1 O -) O -three O -intravenous O -( O -IV O -) O -boluses O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -7 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -with O -ethanol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -g O -/ O -kg O -) O -as O -an O -IV O -infusion O -( O -C O -+ O -E O -, O -n O -= O -8 O -) O -, O -2 O -) O -three O -cocaine B-Chemical -boluses O -only O -( O -C O -, O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -, O -3 O -) O -ethanol B-Chemical -infusion O -only O -( O -E O -, O -n O -= O -5 O -) O -, O -or O -4 O -) O -placebo O -boluses O -and O -infusion O -( O -n O -= O -4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemodynamic O -measurements O -, O -electrocardiograms O -, O -and O -serum O -drug O -concentrations O -were O -obtained O -at O -baseline O -, O -and O -then O -at O -fixed O -time O -intervals O -after O -each O -drug O -was O -administered O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Two O -of O -eight O -dogs O -in O -the O -C O -+ O -E O -group O -experienced O -cardiovascular O -collapse O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -dramatic O -hemodynamic O -changes O -occurred O -after O -each O -cocaine B-Chemical -bolus O -in O -the O -C O -+ O -E O -and O -C O -only O -groups O -; O -however O -, O -persistent O -hemodynamic O -changes O -occurred O -in O -the O -C O -+ O -E O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Peak O -CE B-Chemical -levels O -were O -associated O -with O -a O -45 O -% O -( O -SD O -+ O -/ O -- O -22 O -% O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -= O -22 O -% O -to O -69 O -% O -) O -decrease O -in O -cardiac O -output O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -a O -56 O -% O -( O -SD O -+ O -/ O -- O -23 O -% O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -= O -32 O -% O -to O -80 O -% O -) O -decrease O -in O -dP O -/ O -dt O -( O -max O -) O -( O -p O -< O -. O -006 O -) O -, O -and O -a O -23 O -% O -( O -SD O -+ O -/ O -- O -15 O -% O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -= O -7 O -% O -to O -49 O -% O -) O -decrease O -in O -SVO O -( O -2 O -) O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -025 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Ventricular O -arrhythmias O -were O -primarily O -observed O -in O -the O -C O -+ O -E O -group O -, O -in O -which O -four O -of O -eight O -dogs O -experienced O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Cocaine B-Chemical -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -in O -combination O -were O -more O -toxic O -than O -either O -substance O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Co O -- O -administration O -resulted O -in O -prolonged O -cardiac O -toxicity O -and O -was O -dysrhythmogenic O -. O - -aps B-category -Peak O -serum O -cocaethylene B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -associated O -with O -prolonged O -myocardial O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -Worsening O -of O -Parkinsonism O -after O -the O -use O -of O -veralipride B-Chemical -for O -treatment O -of O -menopause O -: O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -female O -patient O -with O -stable O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -who O -has O -shown O -a O -marked O -worsening O -of O -her O -motor O -functions O -following O -therapy O -of O -menopause O -related O -symptoms O -with O -veralipride B-Chemical -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -improvement O -of O -her O -symptoms O -back O -to O -baseline O -after O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -emphasize O -the O -anti O -- O -dopaminergic O -effect O -of O -veralipride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Viracept B-Chemical -and O -irregular O -heartbeat O -warning O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -group O -of O -doctors O -in O -Boston O -warn O -that O -the O -protease O -inhibitor O -Viracept B-Chemical -may O -cause O -an O -irregular O -heart O -beat O -, O -known O -as O -bradycardia O -, O -in O -people O -with O -HIV O -. O - -aps B-category -Bradycardia O -occurred O -in O -a O -45 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -male O -patient O -who O -was O -Viracept B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -other O -anti O -- O -HIV O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -symptoms O -ceased O -after O -switching O -to O -another O -drug O -combination O -. O - -aps B-category -Frequency O -of O -appearance O -of O -myeloperoxidase O -- O -antineutrophil O -cytoplasmic O -antibody O -( O -MPO O -- O -ANCA O -) O -in O -Graves O -' O -disease O -patients O -treated O -with O -propylthiouracil B-Chemical -and O -the O -relationship O -between O -MPO O -- O -ANCA O -and O -clinical O -manifestations O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -Myeloperoxidase O -antineutrophil O -cytoplasmic O -antibody O -( O -MPO O -- O -ANCA O -) O -- O -positive O -vasculitis O -has O -been O -reported O -in O -patients O -with O -Graves O -' O -disease O -who O -were O -treated O -with O -propylthiouracil B-Chemical -( O -PTU B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -appearance O -of O -MPO O -- O -ANCA O -in O -these O -cases O -was O -suspected O -of O -being O -related O -to O -PTU B-Chemical -because O -the O -titres O -of O -MPO O -- O -ANCA O -decreased O -when O -PTU B-Chemical -was O -stopped O -. O - -aps B-category -Nevertheless O -, O -there O -have O -been O -no O -studies O -on O -the O -temporal O -relationship O -between O -the O -appearance O -of O -MPO O -- O -ANCA O -and O -vasculitis O -during O -PTU B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -or O -on O -the O -incidence O -of O -MPO O -- O -ANCA O -in O -untreated O -Graves O -' O -disease O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -we O -sought O -to O -address O -these O -parameters O -in O -patients O -with O -Graves O -' O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -: O -We O -investigated O -102 O -untreated O -patients O -with O -hyperthyroidism O -due O -to O -Graves O -' O -disease O -for O -the O -presence O -of O -MPO O -- O -ANCA O -, O -and O -for O -the O -development O -vasculitis O -after O -starting O -PTU B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -nine O -of O -them O -were O -later O -excluded O -because O -of O -adverse O -effects O -of O -PTU B-Chemical -or O -because O -the O -observation O -period O -was O -less O -than O -3 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -remaining O -73 O -patients O -( O -55 O -women O -and O -18 O -men O -) O -, O -all O -of O -whom O -were O -examined O -for O -more O -than O -3 O -months O -, O -were O -adopted O -as O -the O -subjects O -of O -the O -investigation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -median O -observation O -period O -was O -23 O -. O -6 O -months O -( O -range O -: O -3 O -- O -37 O -months O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -MEASUREMENTS O -: O -MPO O -- O -ANCA O -was O -measured O -at O -intervals O -of O -2 O -- O -6 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Before O -treatment O -, O -the O -MPO O -- O -ANCA O -titres O -of O -all O -102 O -untreated O -Graves O -' O -disease O -patients O -were O -within O -the O -reference O -range O -( O -below O -10 O -U O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -( O -4 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -of O -the O -73 O -patients O -were O -positive O -for O -MPO O -- O -ANCA O -at O -13 O -, O -16 O -and O -17 O -months O -, O -respectively O -, O -after O -the O -start O -of O -PTU B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -two O -of O -them O -, O -the O -MPO O -- O -ANCA O -titres O -transiently O -increased O -to O -12 O -. O -8 O -and O -15 O -. O -0 O -U O -/ O -ml O -, O -respectively O -, O -despite O -continued O -PTU B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -but O -no O -vasculitic O -disorders O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -third O -patient O -, O -the O -MPO O -- O -ANCA O -titre O -increased O -to O -204 O -U O -/ O -ml O -and O -she O -developed O -a O -higher O -fever O -, O -oral O -ulcers O -and O -polyarthralgia O -, O -but O -the O -symptoms O -resolved O -2 O -weeks O -after O -stopping O -PTU B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -and O -the O -MPO O -- O -ANCA O -titre O -decreased O -to O -20 O -. O -7 O -U O -/ O -ml O -by O -4 O -months O -after O -discontinuing O -PTU B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -PTU B-Chemical -therapy O -may O -be O -related O -to O -the O -appearance O -of O -MPO O -- O -ANCA O -, O -but O -MPO O -- O -ANCA O -does O -not O -appear O -to O -be O -closely O -related O -to O -vasculitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Prevalence O -of O -heart O -disease O -in O -asymptomatic O -chronic O -cocaine B-Chemical -users O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -determine O -the O -prevalence O -of O -heart O -disease O -in O -outpatient O -young O -asymptomatic O -chronic O -cocaine B-Chemical -users O -, O -35 O -cocaine B-Chemical -users O -and O -32 O -age O -- O -matched O -controls O -underwent O -resting O -and O -exercise O -electrocardiography O -( O -ECG O -) O -and O -Doppler O -echocardiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Findings O -consistent O -with O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -were O -detected O -in O -12 O -( O -34 O -% O -) O -patients O -and O -3 O -( O -9 O -% O -) O -controls O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Decreased O -left O -ventricular O -systolic O -function O -was O -demonstrated O -in O -5 O -( O -14 O -% O -) O -patients O -, O -but O -in O -none O -of O -the O -controls O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -055 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -resting O -and O -peak O -exercise O -abnormal O -left O -ventricular O -filling O -was O -detected O -in O -38 O -and O -35 O -% O -of O -patients O -as O -compared O -to O -19 O -and O -9 O -% O -of O -controls O -, O -respectively O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -11 O -and O -0 O -. O -02 O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -coronary O -artery O -or O -myocardial O -disease O -is O -common O -( O -38 O -% O -) O -in O -young O -asymptomatic O -chronic O -cocaine B-Chemical -users O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -screening O -ECG O -and O -echocardiography O -may O -be O -warranted O -in O -these O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardioprotective O -effects O -of O -Picrorrhiza O -kurroa O -against O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -stress O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cardioprotective O -effect O -of O -the O -ethanol B-Chemical -extract O -of O -Picrorrhiza O -kurroa O -rhizomes O -and O -roots O -( O -PK O -) O -on O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -infarction O -in O -rats O -with O -respect O -to O -lipid O -metabolism O -in O -serum O -and O -heart O -tissue O -has O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -pre O -- O -treatment O -with O -PK O -( O -80 O -mg O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -day O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -for O -15 O -days O -) O -significantly O -prevented O -the O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -infarction O -and O -maintained O -the O -rats O -at O -near O -normal O -status O -. O - -aps B-category -Phase O -2 O -early O -afterdepolarization O -as O -a O -trigger O -of O -polymorphic O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -in O -acquired O -long O -- O -QT O -syndrome O -: O -direct O -evidence O -from O -intracellular O -recordings O -in O -the O -intact O -left O -ventricular O -wall O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -This O -study O -examined O -the O -role O -of O -phase O -2 O -early O -afterdepolarization O -( O -EAD O -) O -in O -producing O -a O -trigger O -to O -initiate O -torsade O -de O -pointes O -( O -TdP O -) O -with O -QT O -prolongation O -induced O -by O -dl O -- O -sotalol B-Chemical -and O -azimilide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -contribution O -of O -transmural O -dispersion O -of O -repolarization O -( O -TDR O -) O -to O -transmural O -propagation O -of O -EAD O -and O -the O -maintenance O -of O -TdP O -was O -also O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -AND O -RESULTS O -: O -Transmembrane O -action O -potentials O -from O -epicardium O -, O -midmyocardium O -, O -and O -endocardium O -were O -recorded O -simultaneously O -, O -together O -with O -a O -transmural O -ECG O -, O -in O -arterially O -perfused O -canine O -and O -rabbit O -left O -ventricular O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -dl O -- O -Sotalol B-Chemical -preferentially O -prolonged O -action O -potential O -duration O -( O -APD O -) O -in O -M O -cells O -dose O -- O -dependently O -( O -1 O -to O -100 O -micromol O -/ O -L O -) O -, O -leading O -to O -QT O -prolongation O -and O -an O -increase O -in O -TDR O -. O - -aps B-category -Azimilide B-Chemical -, O -however O -, O -significantly O -prolonged O -APD O -and O -QT O -interval O -at O -concentrations O -from O -0 O -. O -1 O -to O -10 O -micromol O -/ O -L O -but O -shortened O -them O -at O -30 O -micromol O -/ O -L O -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -dl O -- O -sotalol B-Chemical -, O -azimilide B-Chemical -( O -> O -3 O -micromol O -/ O -L O -) O -increased O -epicardial O -APD O -markedly O -, O -causing O -a O -diminished O -TDR O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -both O -dl O -- O -sotalol B-Chemical -and O -azimilide B-Chemical -rarely O -induced O -EADs O -in O -canine O -left O -ventricles O -, O -they O -produced O -frequent O -EADs O -in O -rabbits O -, O -in O -which O -more O -pronounced O -QT O -prolongation O -was O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increase O -in O -TDR O -by O -dl O -- O -sotalol B-Chemical -facilitated O -transmural O -propagation O -of O -EADs O -that O -initiated O -multiple O -episodes O -of O -spontaneous O -TdP O -in O -3 O -of O -6 O -rabbit O -left O -ventricles O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -note O -, O -although O -azimilide B-Chemical -( O -3 O -to O -10 O -micromol O -/ O -L O -) O -increased O -APD O -more O -than O -dl O -- O -sotalol B-Chemical -, O -its O -EADs O -often O -failed O -to O -propagate O -transmurally O -, O -probably O -because O -of O -a O -diminished O -TDR O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -This O -study O -provides O -the O -first O -direct O -evidence O -from O -intracellular O -action O -potential O -recordings O -that O -phase O -2 O -EAD O -can O -be O -generated O -from O -intact O -ventricular O -wall O -and O -produce O -a O -trigger O -to O -initiate O -the O -onset O -of O -TdP O -under O -QT O -prolongation O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -pilot O -study O -to O -assess O -the O -safety O -of O -dobutamine B-Chemical -stress O -echocardiography O -in O -the O -emergency O -department O -evaluation O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -chest O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -STUDY O -OBJECTIVE O -: O -Chest O -pain O -in O -the O -setting O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -use O -poses O -a O -diagnostic O -dilemma O -. O - -aps B-category -Dobutamine B-Chemical -stress O -echocardiography O -( O -DSE O -) O -is O -a O -widely O -available O -and O -sensitive O -test O -for O -evaluating O -cardiac O -ischemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -the O -theoretical O -concern O -regarding O -administration O -of O -dobutamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -setting O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -use O -, O -we O -conducted O -a O -pilot O -study O -to O -assess O -the O -safety O -of O -DSE O -in O -emergency O -department O -patients O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -chest O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -A O -prospective O -case O -series O -was O -conducted O -in O -the O -intensive O -diagnostic O -and O -treatment O -unit O -in O -the O -ED O -of O -an O -urban O -tertiary O -- O -care O -teaching O -hospital O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -eligible O -for O -DSE O -if O -they O -had O -used O -cocaine B-Chemical -within O -24 O -hours O -preceding O -the O -onset O -of O -chest O -pain O -and O -had O -a O -normal O -ECG O -and O -tropinin O -I O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -exhibiting O -signs O -of O -continuing O -cocaine B-Chemical -toxicity O -were O -excluded O -from O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -were O -admitted O -to O -the O -hospital O -for O -serial O -testing O -after O -the O -DSE O -testing O -in O -the O -intensive O -diagnostic O -and O -treatment O -unit O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Twenty O -- O -four O -patients O -were O -enrolled O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -had O -inadequate O -resting O -images O -, O -one O -DSE O -was O -terminated O -because O -of O -inferior O -hypokinesis O -, O -another O -DSE O -was O -terminated O -because O -of O -a O -rate O -- O -related O -atrial O -conduction O -deficit O -, O -and O -1 O -patient O -did O -not O -reach O -the O -target O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -19 O -patients O -completed O -a O -DSE O -and O -reached O -their O -target O -heart O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -patients O -experienced O -signs O -of O -exaggerated O -adrenergic O -response O -, O -which O -was O -defined O -as O -a O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -of O -greater O -than O -200 O -mm O -Hg O -or O -the O -occurrence O -of O -tachydysrhythmias O -( O -excluding O -sinus O -tachycardia O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -suggesting O -lack O -of O -exaggerated O -adrenergic O -response O -, O -13 O -( O -65 O -% O -) O -of O -20 O -patients O -required O -supplemental O -atropine B-Chemical -to O -reach O -their O -target O -heart O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -No O -exaggerated O -adrenergic O -response O -was O -detected O -when O -dobutamine B-Chemical -was O -administered O -to O -patients O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -related O -chest O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -Prenatal O -cocaine B-Chemical -exposure O -and O -cranial O -sonographic O -findings O -in O -preterm O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -Prenatal O -cocaine B-Chemical -exposure O -has O -been O -linked O -with O -subependymal O -hemorrhage O -and O -the O -formation O -of O -cysts O -that O -are O -detectable O -on O -cranial O -sonography O -in O -neonates O -born O -at O -term O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -sought O -to O -determine O -if O -prenatal O -cocaine B-Chemical -exposure O -increases O -the O -incidence O -of O -subependymal O -cysts O -in O -preterm O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -retrospectively O -reviewed O -the O -medical O -records O -and O -cranial O -sonograms O -obtained O -during O -a O -1 O -- O -year O -period O -on O -122 O -premature O -( O -< O -36 O -weeks O -of O -gestation O -) O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -Infants O -were O -categorized O -into O -1 O -of O -2 O -groups O -: O -those O -exposed O -to O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -those O -not O -exposed O -to O -cocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Infants O -were O -assigned O -to O -the O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -exposed O -group O -if O -there O -was O -a O -maternal O -history O -of O -cocaine O -abuse O -during O -pregnancy O -or O -if O -maternal O -or O -neonatal O -urine O -toxicology O -results O -were O -positive O -at O -the O -time O -of O -delivery O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Five O -of O -the O -122 O -infants O -were O -excluded O -from O -the O -study O -because O -of O -insufficient O -medical O -and O -drug O -histories O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -subependymal O -cysts O -in O -the O -117 O -remaining O -infants O -was O -14 O -% O -( O -16 O -of O -117 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -subependymal O -cysts O -in O -infants O -exposed O -to O -cocaine B-Chemical -prenatally O -was O -44 O -% O -( O -8 O -of O -18 O -) O -compared O -with O -8 O -% O -( O -8 O -of O -99 O -) O -in O -the O -unexposed O -group O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -We O -found O -an O -increased O -incidence O -of O -subependymal O -cyst O -formation O -in O -preterm O -infants O -who O -were O -exposed O -to O -cocaine B-Chemical -prenatally O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -result O -is O -consistent O -with O -results O -of O -similar O -studies O -in O -term O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -Thalidomide B-Chemical -neuropathy O -in O -patients O -treated O -for O -metastatic O -prostate O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -prospectively O -evaluated O -thalidomide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -neuropathy O -using O -electrodiagnostic O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Sixty O -- O -seven O -men O -with O -metastatic O -androgen B-Chemical -- O -independent O -prostate O -cancer O -in O -an O -open O -- O -label O -trial O -of O -oral O -thalidomide B-Chemical -underwent O -neurologic O -examinations O -and O -nerve O -conduction O -studies O -( O -NCS O -) O -prior O -to O -and O -at O -3 O -- O -month O -intervals O -during O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -NCS O -included O -recording O -of O -sensory O -nerve O -action O -potentials O -( O -SNAPs O -) O -from O -median O -, O -radial O -, O -ulnar O -, O -and O -sural O -nerves O -. O - -aps B-category -SNAP O -amplitudes O -for O -each O -nerve O -were O -expressed O -as O -the O -percentage O -of O -its O -baseline O -, O -and O -the O -mean O -of O -the O -four O -was O -termed O -the O -SNAP O -index O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -40 O -% O -decline O -in O -the O -SNAP O -index O -was O -considered O -clinically O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -Thalidomide B-Chemical -was O -discontinued O -in O -55 O -patients O -for O -lack O -of O -therapeutic O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -67 O -patients O -initially O -enrolled O -, O -24 O -remained O -on O -thalidomide B-Chemical -for O -3 O -months O -, O -8 O -remained O -at O -6 O -months O -, O -and O -3 O -remained O -at O -9 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -patients O -developed O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -symptoms O -and O -a O -decline O -in O -the O -SNAP O -index O -occurred O -concurrently O -. O - -aps B-category -Older O -age O -and O -cumulative O -dose O -were O -possible O -contributing O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuropathy O -may O -thus O -be O -a O -common O -complication O -of O -thalidomide B-Chemical -in O -older O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -SNAP O -index O -can O -be O -used O -to O -monitor O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -, O -but O -not O -for O -early O -detection O -. O - -aps B-category -Overexpression O -of O -copper B-Chemical -/ O -zinc B-Chemical -- O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -protects O -from O -kanamycin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hearing O -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -participation O -of O -reactive O -oxygen B-Chemical -species O -in O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ototoxicity O -has O -been O -deduced O -from O -observations O -that O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -- O -iron B-Chemical -complexes O -catalyze O -the O -formation O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -radicals O -in O -vitro O -and O -that O -antioxidants O -attenuate O -ototoxicity O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -therefore O -hypothesized O -that O -overexpression O -of O -Cu B-Chemical -/ O -Zn B-Chemical -- O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -( O -h O -- O -SOD1 O -) O -should O -protect O -transgenic O -mice O -from O -ototoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunocytochemistry O -confirmed O -expression O -of O -h O -- O -SOD1 O -in O -inner O -ear O -tissues O -of O -transgenic O -C57BL O -/ O -6 O -- O -TgN O -[ O -SOD1 O -] O -3Cje O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Transgenic O -and O -nontransgenic O -littermates O -received O -kanamycin B-Chemical -( O -400 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -/ O -day O -) O -for O -10 O -days O -beginning O -on O -day O -10 O -after O -birth O -. O - -aps B-category -Auditory O -thresholds O -were O -tested O -by O -evoked O -auditory O -brain O -stem O -responses O -at O -1 O -month O -after O -birth O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -nontransgenic O -animals O -, O -the O -threshold O -in O -the O -kanamycin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -group O -was O -45 O -- O -50 O -dB O -higher O -than O -in O -saline O -- O -injected O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -transgenic O -group O -, O -kanamycin B-Chemical -increased O -the O -threshold O -by O -only O -15 O -dB O -over O -the O -respective O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -were O -similar O -at O -12 O -and O -24 O -kHz O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protection O -by O -overexpression O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -supports O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -oxidant O -stress O -plays O -a O -significant O -role O -in O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ototoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -also O -suggest O -transgenic O -animals O -as O -suitable O -models O -to O -investigate O -the O -underlying O -mechanisms O -and O -possible O -strategies O -for O -prevention O -. O - -aps B-category -Fatty O -liver O -induced O -by O -tetracycline B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Dose O -- O -response O -relationships O -and O -effect O -of O -sex O -. O - -aps B-category -Dose O -- O -response O -relationships O -, O -biochemical O -mechanisms O -, O -and O -sex O -differences O -in O -the O -experimental O -fatty O -liver O -induced O -by O -tetracycline B-Chemical -were O -studied O -in O -the O -intact O -rat O -and O -with O -the O -isolated O -perfused O -rat O -liver O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -intact O -male O -and O -female O -rat O -, O -no O -direct O -relationship O -was O -observed O -between O -dose O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -and O -hepatic O -accumulation O -of O -triglyceride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -provision O -of O -adequate O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -as O -a O -substrate O -for O -the O -isolated O -perfused O -liver O -, O -a O -direct O -relationship O -was O -observed O -between O -dose O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -and O -both O -accumulation O -of O -triglyceride B-Chemical -in O -the O -liver O -and O -depression O -of O -output O -of O -triglyceride B-Chemical -by O -livers O -from O -male O -and O -female O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Marked O -differences O -were O -observed O -between O -female O -and O -male O -rats O -with O -regard O -to O -base O -line O -( O -control O -) O -hepatic O -concentration O -of O -triglyceride B-Chemical -and O -output O -of O -triglyceride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Accumulation O -of O -hepatic O -triglyceride B-Chemical -, O -as O -a O -per O -cent O -of O -control O -values O -, O -in O -response O -to O -graded O -doses O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -, O -did O -not O -differ O -significantly O -between O -male O -, O -female O -and O -pregnant O -rat O -livers O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -livers O -from O -female O -, O -and O -especially O -pregnant O -female O -rats O -, O -were O -strikingly O -resistant O -to O -the O -effects O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -on O -depression O -of O -output O -of O -triglyceride B-Chemical -under O -these O -experimental O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -differences O -between O -the O -sexes O -could O -not O -be O -related O -to O -altered O -disposition O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -or O -altered O -uptake O -of O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Depressed O -hepatic O -secretion O -of O -triglyceride B-Chemical -accounted O -only O -for O -30 O -to O -50 O -% O -of O -accumulated O -hepatic O -triglyceride B-Chemical -, O -indicating O -that O -additional O -mechanisms O -must O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -production O -of O -the O -triglyceride B-Chemical -- O -rich O -fatty O -liver O -in O -response O -to O -tetracycline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Prednisone B-Chemical -induces O -anxiety O -and O -glial O -cerebral O -changes O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -assess O -whether O -prednisone B-Chemical -( O -PDN B-Chemical -) O -produces O -anxiety O -and O -/ O -or O -cerebral O -glial O -changes O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Male O -Wistar O -rats O -were O -studied O -and O -3 O -groups O -were O -formed O -( O -8 O -rats O -per O -group O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -moderate O -- O -dose O -group O -received O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -PDN B-Chemical -released O -from O -a O -subcutaneous O -implant O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -high O -- O -dose O -group O -, O -implants O -containing O -PDN B-Chemical -equivalent O -to O -60 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -were O -applied O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -control O -group O -implants O -contained O -no O -PDN B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Anxiety O -was O -assessed O -using O -an O -open O -field O -and O -elevated O -plus O -- O -maze O -devices O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -cells O -and O -cytoplasmic O -transformation O -of O -astrocytes O -and O -microglia O -cells O -were O -assessed O -by O -immunohistochemical O -analyses O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Anxiety O -was O -documented O -in O -both O -groups O -of O -PDN B-Chemical -treated O -rats O -compared O -with O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -magnitude O -of O -transformation O -of O -the O -microglia O -assessed O -by O -the O -number O -of O -intersections O -was O -significantly O -higher O -in O -the O -PDN B-Chemical -groups O -than O -in O -controls O -in O -the O -prefrontal O -cortex O -( O -moderate O -- O -dose O -, O -24 O -. O -1 O -; O -high O -- O -dose O -, O -23 O -. O -6 O -; O -controls O -18 O -. O -7 O -; O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -and O -striatum O -( O -moderate O -- O -dose O -25 O -. O -6 O -; O -high O -- O -dose O -26 O -. O -3 O -; O -controls O -18 O -. O -9 O -; O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -but O -not O -in O -hippocampus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -stained O -microglia O -cells O -was O -significantly O -higher O -in O -the O -PDN B-Chemical -treated O -groups O -in O -the O -prefrontal O -cortex O -than O -in O -controls O -( O -moderate O -- O -dose O -, O -29 O -. O -1 O -; O -high O -- O -dose O -, O -28 O -. O -4 O -; O -control O -, O -17 O -. O -7 O -cells O -per O -field O -; O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Stained O -microglia O -cells O -were O -significantly O -more O -numerous O -striatum O -and O -hippocampus O -in O -the O -high O -- O -dose O -group O -compared O -to O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Subacute O -exposure O -to O -PDN B-Chemical -induced O -anxiety O -and O -reactivity O -of O -microglia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relevance O -of O -these O -features O -for O -patients O -using O -PDN B-Chemical -remains O -to O -be O -elucidated O -. O - -aps B-category -Phase O -II O -study O -of O -carboplatin B-Chemical -and O -liposomal O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -recurrent O -squamous O -cell O -carcinoma O -of O -the O -cervix O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -The O -activity O -of O -the O -combination O -of O -carboplatin B-Chemical -and O -liposomal O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -was O -tested O -in O -a O -Phase O -II O -study O -of O -patients O -with O -recurrent O -cervical O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -The O -combination O -of O -carboplatin B-Chemical -( O -area O -under O -the O -concentration O -curve O -[ O -AUC O -] O -, O -5 O -) O -and O -liposomal O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -Doxil B-Chemical -; O -starting O -dose O -, O -40 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -) O -was O -administered O -intravenously O -every O -28 O -days O -to O -37 O -patients O -with O -recurrent O -squamous O -cell O -cervical O -carcinoma O -to O -determine O -antitumor O -activity O -and O -toxicity O -profile O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Twenty O -- O -nine O -patients O -were O -assessable O -for O -response O -, O -and O -35 O -patients O -were O -assessable O -for O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -overall O -response O -rate O -was O -38 O -% O -, O -the O -median O -time O -to O -response O -was O -10 O -weeks O -, O -the O -median O -duration O -of O -response O -was O -26 O -weeks O -, O -and O -the O -median O -survival O -was O -37 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -main O -toxic O -effect O -was O -myelosuppression O -, O -with O -Grade O -3 O -and O -4 O -neutropenia O -in O -16 O -patients O -, O -anemia O -in O -12 O -patients O -, O -thrombocytopenia O -in O -11 O -patients O -, O -and O -neutropenic O -fever O -in O -3 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -patients O -had O -five O -infusion O -- O -related O -reactions O -during O -the O -infusion O -of O -liposomal O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -, O -leading O -to O -treatment O -discontinuation O -in O -three O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Grade O -> O -or O -= O -2 O -nonhematologic O -toxicity O -included O -nausea O -in O -17 O -patients O -, O -emesis O -in O -14 O -patients O -, O -fatigue O -in O -9 O -patients O -, O -mucositis O -and O -/ O -or O -stomatitis O -in O -8 O -patients O -, O -constipation O -in O -6 O -patients O -, O -weight O -loss O -in O -5 O -patients O -, O -hand O -- O -foot O -syndrome O -in O -2 O -patients O -, O -and O -skin O -reactions O -in O -3 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -combination O -of O -carboplatin B-Chemical -and O -liposomal O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -has O -modest O -activity O -in O -patients O -with O -recurrent O -cervical O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Antimicrobial O -- O -induced O -mania O -( O -antibiomania O -) O -: O -a O -review O -of O -spontaneous O -reports O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -reviewed O -reported O -cases O -of O -antibiotic O -- O -induced O -manic O -episodes O -by O -means O -of O -a O -MEDLINE O -and O -PsychLit O -search O -for O -reports O -of O -antibiotic O -- O -induced O -mania O -. O - -aps B-category -Unpublished O -reports O -were O -requested O -from O -the O -World O -Health O -Organization O -( O -WHO O -) O -and O -the O -Food O -and O -Drug O -Administration O -( O -FDA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -one O -reports O -of O -antimicrobial O -- O -induced O -mania O -were O -found O -in O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -6 O -cases O -implicating O -clarithromycin B-Chemical -, O -13 O -implicating O -isoniazid B-Chemical -, O -and O -1 O -case O -each O -implicating O -erythromycin B-Chemical -and O -amoxicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -WHO O -reported O -82 O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -these O -, O -clarithromycin B-Chemical -was O -implicated O -in O -23 O -( O -27 O -. O -6 O -% O -) O -cases O -, O -ciprofloxacin B-Chemical -in O -12 O -( O -14 O -. O -4 O -% O -) O -cases O -, O -and O -ofloxacin B-Chemical -in O -10 O -( O -12 O -% O -) O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Cotrimoxazole B-Chemical -, O -metronidazole B-Chemical -, O -and O -erythromycin B-Chemical -were O -involved O -in O -15 O -reported O -manic O -episodes O -. O - -aps B-category -Cases O -reported O -by O -the O -FDA O -showed O -clarithromycin B-Chemical -and O -ciprofloxacin B-Chemical -to O -be O -the O -most O -frequently O -associated O -with O -the O -development O -of O -mania O -. O - -aps B-category -Statistical O -analysis O -of O -the O -data O -would O -not O -have O -demonstrated O -a O -significant O -statistical O -correlative O -risk O -and O -was O -therefore O -not O -undertaken O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -have O -an O -increased O -risk O -of O -developing O -mania O -while O -being O -treated O -with O -antimicrobials O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -this O -is O -not O -a O -statistically O -significant O -risk O -, O -physicians O -must O -be O -aware O -of O -the O -effect O -and O -reversibility O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -research O -clearly O -is O -required O -to O -determine O -the O -incidence O -of O -antimicrobial O -- O -induced O -mania O -, O -the O -relative O -risk O -factors O -of O -developing O -an O -antimicrobial O -- O -induced O -manic O -episode O -among O -various O -demographic O -populations O -, O -and O -the O -incidence O -of O -patients O -who O -continue O -to O -have O -persistent O -affective O -disorders O -once O -the O -initial O -episode O -, O -which O -occurs O -while O -the O -patient O -is O -taking O -antibiotics O -, O -subsides O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -elected O -to O -name O -this O -syndrome O -" O -antibiomania O -. O -" O - -aps B-category -Levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ocular O -dyskinesias O -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ocular O -dyskinesias O -are O -very O -uncommon O -. O - -aps B-category -Usually O -they O -occur O -simultaneously O -with O -limb O -peak O -- O -dose O -choreatic O -dyskinesias O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -on O -a O -patient O -with O -leftward O -and O -upward O -deviations O -of O -gaze O -during O -the O -peak O -effect O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -, O -and O -hypothesize O -that O -a O -severe O -dopaminergic O -denervation O -in O -the O -caudate O -nucleus O -is O -needed O -for O -the O -appearance O -of O -these O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induce O -ocular O -dyskinesias O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -glyceryl B-Chemical -trinitrate I-Chemical -with O -diclofenac B-Chemical -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -primary O -dysmenorrhea O -: O -an O -open O -, O -randomized O -, O -cross O -- O -over O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -Primary O -dysmenorrhea O -is O -a O -syndrome O -characterized O -by O -painful O -uterine O -contractility O -caused O -by O -a O -hypersecretion O -of O -endometrial O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -; O -non O -- O -steroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drugs O -are O -the O -first O -choice O -for O -its O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -studies O -have O -demonstrated O -that O -myometrial O -cells O -are O -also O -targets O -of O -the O -relaxant O -effects O -of O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -( O -NO B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -the O -present O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -the O -efficacy O -of O -glyceryl B-Chemical -trinitrate I-Chemical -( O -GTN B-Chemical -) O -, O -an O -NO B-Chemical -donor O -, O -in O -the O -resolution O -of O -primary O -dysmenorrhea O -in O -comparison O -with O -diclofenac B-Chemical -( O -DCF B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -24 O -patients O -with O -the O -diagnosis O -of O -severe O -primary O -dysmenorrhea O -were O -studied O -during O -two O -consecutive O -menstrual O -cycles O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -an O -open O -, O -cross O -- O -over O -, O -controlled O -design O -, O -patients O -were O -randomized O -to O -receive O -either O -DCF B-Chemical -per O -os O -or O -GTN B-Chemical -patches O -the O -first O -days O -of O -menses O -, O -when O -menstrual O -cramps O -became O -unendurable O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -subsequent O -cycle O -the O -other O -treatment O -was O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -received O -up O -to O -3 O -doses O -/ O -day O -of O -50 O -mg O -DCF B-Chemical -or O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -24 O -h O -transdermal O -GTN B-Chemical -for O -the O -first O -3 O -days O -of O -the O -cycle O -, O -according O -to O -their O -needs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -participants O -recorded O -menstrual O -symptoms O -and O -possible O -side O -- O -effects O -at O -different O -times O -( O -0 O -, O -30 O -, O -60 O -, O -120 O -minutes O -) O -after O -the O -first O -dose O -of O -medication O -on O -the O -first O -day O -of O -the O -cycle O -, O -with O -both O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -difference O -in O -pain O -intensity O -score O -( O -DPI O -) O -was O -the O -main O -outcome O -variable O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -treatments O -significantly O -reduced O -DPI O -by O -the O -30th O -minute O -( O -GTN B-Chemical -, O -- O -12 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -17 O -. O -9 O -; O -DCF B-Chemical -, O -- O -18 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -16 O -. O -6 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -DCF B-Chemical -continued O -to O -be O -effective O -in O -reducing O -pelvic O -pain O -for O -two O -hours O -, O -whereas O -GTN B-Chemical -scores O -remained O -more O -or O -less O -stable O -after O -30 O -min O -and O -significantly O -higher O -than O -those O -for O -DFC O -( O -after O -one O -hour O -: O -GTN B-Chemical -, O -- O -12 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -17 O -. O -9 O -; O -DFC O -, O -- O -18 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -16 O -. O -6 O -and O -after O -two O -hours O -: O -GTN B-Chemical -, O -- O -23 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -20 O -. O -5 O -; O -DFC O -, O -- O -59 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -17 O -. O -9 O -, O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -0001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -back O -pain O -was O -also O -relieved O -by O -both O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Headache O -was O -significantly O -increased O -by O -GTN B-Chemical -but O -not O -by O -DCF B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -patients O -stopped O -using O -GTN B-Chemical -because O -headache O -- O -- O -attributed O -to O -its O -use O -- O -- O -became O -intolerable O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -indicate O -that O -GTN B-Chemical -has O -a O -reduced O -efficacy O -and O -tolerability O -by O -comparison O -with O -DCF B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -primary O -dysmenorrhea O -. O - -aps B-category -Temocapril B-Chemical -, O -a O -long O -- O -acting O -non O -- O -SH O -group O -angiotensin B-Chemical -converting O -enzyme O -inhibitor O -, O -modulates O -glomerular O -injury O -in O -chronic O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -nephrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -the O -present O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -whether O -chronic O -administration O -of O -temocapril B-Chemical -, O -a O -long O -- O -acting O -non O -- O -SH O -group O -angiotensin B-Chemical -converting O -enzyme O -( O -ACE O -) O -inhibitor O -, O -reduced O -proteinuria O -, O -inhibited O -glomerular O -hypertrophy O -and O -prevented O -glomerulosclerosis O -in O -chronic O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -( O -PAN B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -nephrotic O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Nephrosis O -was O -induced O -by O -injection O -of O -PAN B-Chemical -( O -15mg O -/ O -100g O -body O -weight O -) O -in O -male O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -( O -SD O -) O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -groups O -were O -used O -, O -i O -) O -the O -PAN B-Chemical -group O -( O -14 O -) O -, O -ii O -) O -PAN B-Chemical -/ O -temocapril B-Chemical -( O -13 O -) O -, O -iii O -) O -temocapril B-Chemical -( O -14 O -) O -and O -iv O -) O -untreated O -controls O -( O -15 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Temocapril B-Chemical -( O -8 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -) O -was O -administered O -to O -the O -rats O -which O -were O -killed O -at O -weeks O -4 O -, O -14 O -or O -20 O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -each O -time O -point O -, O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -( O -BP O -) O -, O -urinary O -protein O -excretion O -and O -renal O -histopathological O -findings O -were O -evaluated O -, O -and O -morphometric O -image O -analysis O -was O -done O -. O - -aps B-category -Systolic O -BP O -in O -the O -PAN B-Chemical -group O -was O -significantly O -high O -at O -4 O -, O -14 O -and O -20 O -weeks O -, O -but O -was O -normal O -in O -the O -PAN B-Chemical -/ O -temocapril B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -protein O -excretion O -in O -the O -PAN B-Chemical -group O -increased O -significantly O -, O -peaking O -at O -8 O -days O -, O -then O -decreased O -at O -4 O -weeks O -, O -but O -rose O -again O -significantly O -at O -14 O -and O -20 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Temocapril B-Chemical -did O -not O -attenuate O -proteinuria O -at O -8 O -days O -, O -but O -it O -did O -markedly O -lower O -it O -from O -weeks O -4 O -to O -20 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glomerulosclerosis O -index O -( O -GSI O -) O -was O -6 O -. O -21 O -% O -at O -4 O -weeks O -and O -respectively O -25 O -. O -35 O -% O -and O -30 O -. O -49 O -% O -at O -14 O -and O -20 O -weeks O -in O -the O -PAN B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -significant O -correlation O -between O -urinary O -protein O -excretion O -and O -GSI O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -808 O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -0001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ratio O -of O -glomerular O -tuft O -area O -to O -the O -area O -of O -Bowman O -' O -s O -capsules O -( O -GT O -/ O -BC O -) O -in O -the O -PAN B-Chemical -group O -was O -significantly O -increased O -, O -but O -it O -was O -significantly O -lower O -in O -the O -PAN B-Chemical -/ O -temocapril B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -appears O -that O -temocapril B-Chemical -was O -effective O -in O -retarding O -renal O -progression O -and O -protected O -renal O -function O -in O -PAN B-Chemical -neprotic O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Pulmonary O -hypertension O -after O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -prophylaxis O -in O -very O -preterm O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -three O -cases O -of O -severe O -hypoxaemia O -after O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -administration O -during O -a O -randomised O -controlled O -trial O -of O -prophylactic O -treatment O -of O -patent O -ductus O -arteriosus O -with O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -in O -premature O -infants O -born O -at O -less O -than O -28 O -weeks O -of O -gestation O -. O - -aps B-category -Echocardiography O -showed O -severely O -decreased O -pulmonary O -blood O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypoxaemia O -resolved O -quickly O -on O -inhaled O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -that O -investigators O -involved O -in O -similar O -trials O -pay O -close O -attention O -to O -pulmonary O -pressure O -if O -hypoxaemia O -occurs O -after O -prophylactic O -administration O -of O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hyponatremia O -and O -syndrome O -of O -inappropriate O -anti O -- O -diuretic O -hormone O -reported O -with O -the O -use O -of O -Vincristine B-Chemical -: O -an O -over O -- O -representation O -of O -Asians O -? O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -This O -retrospective O -study O -used O -a O -pharmaceutical O -company O -' O -s O -global O -safety O -database O -to O -determine O -the O -reporting O -rate O -of O -hyponatremia O -and O -/ O -or O -syndrome O -of O -inappropriate O -secretion O -of O -anti O -- O -diuretic O -hormone O -( O -SIADH O -) O -among O -vincristine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -and O -to O -explore O -the O -possibility O -of O -at O -- O -risk O -population O -subgroups O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -We O -searched O -the O -Eli O -Lilly O -and O -Company O -' O -s O -computerized O -adverse O -event O -database O -for O -all O -reported O -cases O -of O -hyponatremia O -and O -/ O -or O -SIADH O -as O -of O -1 O -November O -1999 O -that O -had O -been O -reported O -during O -the O -use O -of O -vincristine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -A O -total O -of O -76 O -cases O -of O -hyponatremia O -and O -/ O -or O -SIADH O -associated O -with O -vincristine B-Chemical -use O -were O -identified O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -overall O -reporting O -rate O -was O -estimated O -to O -be O -1 O -. O -3 O -/ O -100 O -, O -000 O -treated O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -age O -of O -patients O -was O -35 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -28 O -. O -3 O -years O -, O -and O -62 O -% O -were O -males O -. O - -aps B-category -Approximately O -75 O -% O -of O -the O -patients O -were O -receiving O -treatment O -for O -leukemia O -or O -lymphoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -39 O -reports O -that O -included O -information O -on O -race O -, O -the O -racial O -distribution O -was O -: O -1 O -Black O -, O -3 O -Caucasian O -, O -and O -35 O -Asian O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Our O -data O -suggest O -that O -Asian O -patients O -may O -be O -at O -increased O -risk O -of O -hyponatremia O -and O -/ O -or O -SIADH O -associated O -with O -vincristine B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -overall O -reported O -rate O -of O -SIADH O -associated O -with O -vincristine B-Chemical -is O -very O -low O -, O -physicians O -caring O -for O -Asian O -oncology O -patients O -should O -be O -aware O -of O -this O -potential O -serious O -but O -reversible O -adverse O -event O -. O - -aps B-category -Delayed O -toxicity O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -on O -the O -bladder O -of O -DBA O -/ O -2 O -and O -C57BL O -/ O -6 O -female O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -describes O -the O -delayed O -development O -of O -a O -severe O -bladder O -pathology O -in O -a O -susceptible O -strain O -of O -mice O -( O -DBA O -/ O -2 O -) O -but O -not O -in O -a O -resistant O -strain O -( O -C57BL O -/ O -6 O -) O -when O -both O -were O -treated O -with O -a O -single O -300 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -dose O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -CY B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Inbred O -DBA O -/ O -2 O -and O -C57BL O -/ O -6 O -female O -mice O -were O -injected O -with O -CY B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -drug O -on O -the O -bladder O -was O -assessed O -during O -100 O -days O -by O -light O -microscopy O -using O -different O -staining O -procedures O -, O -and O -after O -30 O -days O -by O -conventional O -electron O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Early O -CY B-Chemical -toxicity O -caused O -a O -typical O -haemorrhagic O -cystitis O -in O -both O -strains O -that O -was O -completely O -repaired O -in O -about O -7 O -- O -10 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -30 O -days O -of O -CY B-Chemical -injection O -ulcerous O -and O -non O -- O -ulcerous O -forms O -of O -chronic O -cystitis O -appeared O -in O -86 O -% O -of O -DBA O -/ O -2 O -mice O -but O -only O -in O -4 O -% O -of O -C57BL O -/ O -6 O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Delayed O -cystitis O -was O -characterized O -by O -infiltration O -and O -transepithelial O -passage O -into O -the O -lumen O -of O -inflammatory O -cells O -and O -by O -frequent O -exfoliation O -of O -the O -urothelium O -. O - -aps B-category -Mast O -cells O -appeared O -in O -the O -connective O -and O -muscular O -layers O -of O -the O -bladder O -at O -a O -much O -higher O -number O -in O -DBA O -/ O -2 O -mice O -than O -in O -C57BL O -/ O -6 O -mice O -or O -untreated O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Electron O -microscopy O -disclosed O -the O -absence O -of O -the O -typical O -discoidal O -vesicles O -normally O -present O -in O -the O -cytoplasm O -of O -surface O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Instead O -, O -numerous O -abnormal O -vesicles O -containing O -one O -or O -several O -dark O -granules O -were O -observed O -in O -the O -cytoplasm O -of O -cells O -from O -all O -the O -epithelial O -layers O -. O - -aps B-category -Delayed O -cystitis O -still O -persisted O -in O -DBA O -/ O -2 O -mice O -100 O -days O -after O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -delayed O -toxicity O -of O -CY B-Chemical -in O -female O -DBA O -/ O -2 O -mice O -causes O -a O -bladder O -pathology O -that O -is O -not O -observed O -in O -C57BL O -/ O -6 O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -pathology O -resembles O -interstitial O -cystitis O -in O -humans O -and O -could O -perhaps O -be O -used O -as O -an O -animal O -model O -for O -studies O -on O -the O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -- O -dose O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -/ O -folinic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -three O -- O -weekly O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -advanced O -gastric O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -phase O -II O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -The O -24 O -- O -hour O -continuous O -infusion O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -) O -and O -folinic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -FA B-Chemical -) O -as O -part O -of O -several O -new O -multidrug O -chemotherapy O -regimens O -in O -advanced O -gastric O -cancer O -( O -AGC O -) O -has O -shown O -to O -be O -effective O -, O -with O -low O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -previous O -phase O -II O -study O -with O -3 O -- O -weekly O -bolus O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -, O -FA B-Chemical -and O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -( O -MMC B-Chemical -) O -we O -found O -a O -low O -toxicity O -rate O -and O -response O -rates O -comparable O -to O -those O -of O -regimens O -such O -as O -ELF O -, O -FAM O -or O -FAMTX O -, O -and O -a O -promising O -median O -overall O -survival O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -improve O -this O -MMC B-Chemical -- O -dependent O -schedule O -we O -initiated O -a O -phase O -II O -study O -with O -high O -- O -dose O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -/ O -FA B-Chemical -and O -3 O -- O -weekly O -bolus O -MMC B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -From O -February O -, O -1998 O -to O -September O -, O -2000 O -we O -recruited O -33 O -patients O -with O -AGC O -to O -receive O -weekly O -24 O -- O -hour O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -2 O -, O -600 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -preceded O -by O -2 O -- O -hour O -FA B-Chemical -500 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -for O -6 O -weeks O -, O -followed O -by O -a O -2 O -- O -week O -rest O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Bolus O -MMC B-Chemical -10 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -was O -added O -in O -3 O -- O -weekly O -intervals O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -given O -on O -an O -outpatient O -basis O -, O -using O -portable O -pump O -systems O -, O -was O -repeated O -on O -day O -57 O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -' O -characteristics O -were O -: O -male O -/ O -female O -ratio O -20 O -/ O -13 O -; O -median O -age O -57 O -( O -27 O -- O -75 O -) O -years O -; O -median O -WHO O -status O -1 O -( O -0 O -- O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -18 O -patients O -had O -a O -primary O -AGC O -, O -and O -15 O -showed O -a O -relapsed O -AGC O -. O - -aps B-category -Median O -follow O -- O -up O -was O -11 O -. O -8 O -months O -( O -range O -of O -those O -surviving O -: O -2 O -. O -7 O -- O -11 O -. O -8 O -months O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -32 O -patients O -were O -evaluable O -for O -response O -- O -complete O -remission O -9 O -. O -1 O -% O -( O -n O -= O -3 O -) O -, O -partial O -remission O -45 O -. O -5 O -% O -( O -n O -= O -15 O -) O -, O -no O -change O -27 O -. O -3 O -% O -( O -n O -= O -9 O -) O -, O -progressive O -disease O -15 O -. O -1 O -% O -( O -n O -= O -5 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Median O -overall O -survival O -time O -was O -10 O -. O -2 O -months O -[ O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -( O -CI O -) O -: O -8 O -. O -7 O -- O -11 O -. O -6 O -] O -, O -and O -median O -progression O -- O -free O -survival O -time O -was O -7 O -. O -6 O -months O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -: O -4 O -. O -4 O -- O -10 O -. O -9 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -worst O -toxicities O -( O -% O -) O -observed O -were O -( O -CTC O -- O -NCI O -1 O -/ O -2 O -/ O -3 O -) O -: O -leukopenia O -45 O -. O -5 O -/ O -18 O -. O -2 O -/ O -6 O -. O -1 O -, O -thrombocytopenia O -33 O -. O -3 O -/ O -9 O -. O -1 O -/ O -6 O -. O -1 O -, O -vomitus O -24 O -. O -2 O -/ O -9 O -. O -1 O -/ O -0 O -, O -diarrhea O -36 O -. O -4 O -/ O -6 O -. O -1 O -/ O -3 O -. O -0 O -, O -stomatitis O -18 O -. O -2 O -/ O -9 O -. O -1 O -/ O -0 O -, O -hand O -- O -foot O -syndrome O -12 O -. O -1 O -/ O -0 O -/ O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -developed O -hemolytic O -- O -uremic O -syndrome O -( O -HUS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -High O -- O -dose O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -/ O -FA B-Chemical -/ O -MMC B-Chemical -is O -an O -effective O -and O -well O -- O -tolerated O -outpatient O -regimen O -for O -AGC O -( O -objective O -response O -rate O -54 O -. O -6 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -may O -serve O -as O -an O -alternative O -to O -cisplatin B-Chemical -- O -containing O -regimens O -; O -however O -, O -it O -has O -to O -be O -considered O -that O -possibly O -HUS O -may O -occur O -. O - -aps B-category -Persistent O -sterile O -leukocyturia O -is O -associated O -with O -impaired O -renal O -function O -in O -human O -immunodeficiency O -virus O -type O -1 O -- O -infected O -children O -treated O -with O -indinavir B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Prolonged O -administration O -of O -indinavir B-Chemical -is O -associated O -with O -the O -occurrence O -of O -a O -variety O -of O -renal O -complications O -in O -adults O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -well O -- O -documented O -side O -effects O -have O -restricted O -the O -use O -of O -this O -potent O -protease O -inhibitor O -in O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -A O -prospective O -study O -to O -monitor O -indinavir B-Chemical -- O -related O -nephrotoxicity O -in O -a O -cohort O -of O -30 O -human O -immunodeficiency O -virus O -type O -1 O -- O -infected O -children O -treated O -with O -indinavir B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Urinary O -pH O -, O -albumin O -, O -creatinine B-Chemical -, O -the O -presence O -of O -erythrocytes O -, O -leukocytes O -, O -bacteria O -and O -crystals O -, O -and O -culture O -were O -analyzed O -every O -3 O -months O -for O -96 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -levels O -were O -routinely O -determined O -at O -the O -same O -time O -points O -. O - -aps B-category -Steady O -- O -state O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -indinavir B-Chemical -were O -done O -at O -week O -4 O -after O -the O -initiation O -of O -indinavir B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -cumulative O -incidence O -of O -persistent O -sterile O -leukocyturia O -( O -> O -or O -= O -75 O -cells O -/ O -micro O -L O -in O -at O -least O -2 O -consecutive O -visits O -) O -after O -96 O -weeks O -was O -53 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Persistent O -sterile O -leukocyturia O -was O -frequently O -associated O -with O -a O -mild O -increase O -in O -the O -urine O -albumin O -/ O -creatinine B-Chemical -ratio O -and O -by O -microscopic O -hematuria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cumulative O -incidence O -of O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -levels O -> O -50 O -% O -above O -normal O -was O -33 O -% O -after O -96 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Children O -with O -persistent O -sterile O -leukocyturia O -more O -frequently O -had O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -levels O -of O -50 O -% O -above O -normal O -than O -those O -children O -without O -persistent O -sterile O -leukocyturia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -children O -younger O -than O -5 O -. O -6 O -years O -, O -persistent O -sterile O -leukocyturia O -was O -significantly O -more O -frequent O -than O -in O -older O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -higher O -cumulative O -incidence O -of O -persistent O -leukocyturia O -was O -found O -in O -children O -with O -an O -area O -under O -the O -curve O -> O -19 O -mg O -/ O -L O -x O -h O -or O -a O -peak O -serum O -level O -of O -indinavir B-Chemical -> O -12 O -mg O -/ O -L O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -4 O -children O -, O -indinavir B-Chemical -was O -discontinued O -because O -of O -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequently O -, O -the O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -levels O -decreased O -, O -the O -urine O -albumin O -/ O -creatinine B-Chemical -ratios O -returned O -to O -zero O -, O -and O -the O -leukocyturia O -disappeared O -within O -3 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Children O -treated O -with O -indinavir B-Chemical -have O -a O -high O -cumulative O -incidence O -of O -persistent O -sterile O -leukocyturia O -. O - -aps B-category -Children O -with O -persistent O -sterile O -leukocyturia O -more O -frequently O -had O -an O -increase O -in O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -levels O -of O -> O -50 O -% O -above O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -Younger O -children O -have O -an O -additional O -risk O -for O -renal O -complications O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -impairment O -of O -the O -renal O -function O -in O -these O -children O -occurred O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -clinical O -symptoms O -of O -nephrolithiasis O -. O - -aps B-category -Indinavir B-Chemical -- O -associated O -nephrotoxicity O -must O -be O -monitored O -closely O -, O -especially O -in O -children O -with O -risk O -factors O -such O -as O -persistent O -sterile O -leukocyturia O -, O -age O -< O -5 O -. O -6 O -years O -, O -an O -area O -under O -the O -curve O -of O -indinavir B-Chemical -> O -19 O -mg O -/ O -L O -x O -h O -, O -and O -a O -C O -( O -max O -) O -> O -12 O -mg O -/ O -L O -. O - -aps B-category -Utility O -of O -troponin O -I O -in O -patients O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -chest O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -Baseline O -electrocardiogram O -abnormalities O -and O -market O -elevations O -not O -associated O -with O -myocardial O -necrosis O -make O -accurate O -diagnosis O -of O -myocardial O -infarction O -( O -MI O -) O -difficult O -in O -patients O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -chest O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -Troponin O -sampling O -may O -offer O -greater O -diagnostic O -utility O -in O -these O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -assess O -outcomes O -based O -on O -troponin O -positivity O -in O -patients O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -chest O -pain O -admitted O -for O -exclusion O -of O -MI O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Outcomes O -were O -examined O -in O -patients O -admitted O -for O -possible O -MI O -after O -cocaine B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -underwent O -a O -rapid O -rule O -- O -in O -protocol O -that O -included O -serial O -sampling O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -( O -CK O -) O -, O -CK O -- O -MB O -, O -and O -cardiac O -troponin O -I O -( O -cTnI O -) O -over O -eight O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Outcomes O -included O -CK O -- O -MB O -MI O -( O -CK O -- O -MB O -> O -or O -= O -8 O -ng O -/ O -mL O -with O -a O -relative O -index O -[ O -( O -CK O -- O -MB O -x O -100 O -) O -/ O -total O -CK O -] O -> O -or O -= O -4 O -, O -cardiac O -death O -, O -and O -significant O -coronary O -disease O -( O -> O -or O -= O -50 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Of O -the O -246 O -admitted O -patients O -, O -34 O -( O -14 O -% O -) O -met O -CK O -- O -MB O -criteria O -for O -MI O -and O -38 O -( O -16 O -% O -) O -had O -cTnI O -elevations O -. O - -aps B-category -Angiography O -was O -performed O -in O -29 O -of O -38 O -patients O -who O -were O -cTnI O -- O -positive O -, O -with O -significant O -disease O -present O -in O -25 O -( O -86 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -of O -the O -four O -patients O -without O -significant O -disease O -who O -had O -cTnI O -elevations O -met O -CK O -- O -MB O -criteria O -for O -MI O -, O -and O -the O -other O -had O -a O -peak O -CK O -- O -MB O -level O -of O -13 O -ng O -/ O -mL O -. O - -aps B-category -Sensitivities O -, O -specificities O -, O -and O -positive O -and O -negative O -likelihood O -ratios O -for O -predicting O -cardiac O -death O -or O -significant O -disease O -were O -high O -for O -both O -CK O -- O -MB O -MI O -and O -cTnI O -and O -were O -not O -significantly O -different O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Most O -patients O -with O -cTnI O -elevations O -meet O -CK O -- O -MB O -criteria O -for O -MI O -, O -as O -well O -as O -have O -a O -high O -incidence O -of O -underlying O -significant O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Troponin O -appears O -to O -have O -an O -equivalent O -diagnostic O -accuracy O -compared O -with O -CK O -- O -MB O -for O -diagnosing O -necrosis O -in O -patients O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -chest O -pain O -and O -suspected O -MI O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -interstitial O -nephritis O -due O -to O -nicergoline B-Chemical -( O -Sermion B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -acute O -interstitial O -nephritis O -( O -AIN O -) O -due O -to O -nicergoline B-Chemical -( O -Sermion B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -50 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -patient O -admitted O -to O -our O -hospital O -for O -fever O -and O -acute O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -admission O -, O -he O -had O -been O -taking O -nicergoline B-Chemical -and O -bendazac B-Chemical -lysine I-Chemical -due O -to O -retinal O -vein O -occlusion O -at O -ophthalmologic O -department O -. O - -aps B-category -Thereafter O -, O -he O -experienced O -intermittent O -fever O -and O -skin O -rash O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -admission O -, O -clinical O -symptoms O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -arthralgia O -and O -fever O -) O -and O -laboratory O -findings O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -eosinophilia O -and O -renal O -failure O -) O -suggested O -AIN O -, O -and O -which O -was O -confirmed O -by O -pathologic O -findings O -on O -renal O -biopsy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -lymphocyte O -transformation O -test O -demonstrated O -a O -positive O -result O -against O -nicergoline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -was O -consisted O -of O -withdrawal O -of O -nicergoline B-Chemical -and O -intravenous O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -, O -and O -his O -renal O -function O -was O -completely O -recovered O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -our O -knowledge O -, O -this O -is O -the O -first O -report O -of O -nicergoline B-Chemical -- O -associated O -AIN O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic O -malignant O -syndrome O -complicated O -by O -massive O -intestinal O -bleeding O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -chronic O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -patient O -with O -chronic O -renal O -failure O -( O -CRF O -) O -developed O -neuroleptic O -malignant O -syndrome O -( O -NMS O -) O -after O -administration O -of O -risperidone B-Chemical -and O -levomepromazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -the O -typical O -symptoms O -of O -NMS O -, O -massive O -intestinal O -bleeding O -was O -observed O -during O -the O -episode O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -report O -suggests O -that O -NMS O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -CRF O -may O -be O -complicated O -by O -intestinal O -bleeding O -and O -needs O -special O -caution O -for O -this O -complication O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -brain O -barrier O -in O -right O -- O -and O -left O -- O -pawed O -female O -rats O -assessed O -by O -a O -new O -staining O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -asymmetrical O -breakdown O -of O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -( O -BBB O -) O -was O -studied O -in O -female O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Paw O -preference O -was O -assessed O -by O -a O -food O -reaching O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenaline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -was O -used O -to O -destroy O -the O -BBB O -, O -which O -was O -evaluated O -using O -triphenyltetrazolium B-Chemical -( O -TTC B-Chemical -) O -staining O -of O -the O -brain O -slices O -just O -after O -giving O -adrenaline B-Chemical -for O -30 O -s O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -normal O -rats O -, O -the O -whole O -brain O -sections O -exhibited O -complete O -staining O -with O -TTC B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -adrenaline B-Chemical -infusion O -for O -30 O -s O -, O -there O -were O -large O -unstained O -areas O -in O -the O -left O -brain O -in O -right O -- O -pawed O -animals O -, O -and O -vice O -versa O -in O -left O -- O -pawed O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -results O -were O -obtained O -in O -seizure O -- O -induced O -breakdown O -of O -BBB O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -were O -explained O -by O -an O -asymmetric O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -depending O -upon O -the O -paw O -preference O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -suggested O -that O -this O -new O -method O -and O -the O -results O -are O -consistent O -with O -contralateral O -motor O -control O -that O -may O -be O -important O -in O -determining O -the O -dominant O -cerebral O -hemisphere O -in O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Carvedilol B-Chemical -protects O -against O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -mitochondrial O -cardiomyopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -cytopathic O -mechanisms O -have O -been O -suggested O -to O -mediate O -the O -dose O -- O -limiting O -cumulative O -and O -irreversible O -cardiomyopathy O -caused O -by O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -evidence O -indicates O -that O -oxidative O -stress O -and O -mitochondrial O -dysfunction O -are O -key O -factors O -in O -the O -pathogenic O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -objective O -of O -this O -investigation O -was O -to O -test O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -carvedilol B-Chemical -, O -a O -nonselective O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -antagonist O -with O -potent O -antioxidant O -properties O -, O -protects O -against O -the O -cardiac O -and O -hepatic O -mitochondrial O -bioenergetic O -dysfunction O -associated O -with O -subchronic O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Heart O -and O -liver O -mitochondria O -were O -isolated O -from O -rats O -treated O -for O -7 O -weeks O -with O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -sc O -/ O -week O -) O -, O -carvedilol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -ip O -/ O -week O -) O -, O -or O -the O -combination O -of O -the O -two O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Heart O -mitochondria O -isolated O -from O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -exhibited O -depressed O -rates O -for O -state O -3 O -respiration O -( O -336 O -+ O -/ O -- O -26 O -versus O -425 O -+ O -/ O -- O -53 O -natom O -O O -/ O -min O -/ O -mg O -protein O -) O -and O -a O -lower O -respiratory O -control O -ratio O -( O -RCR O -) O -( O -4 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -6 O -versus O -5 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -4 O -) O -compared O -with O -cardiac O -mitochondria O -isolated O -from O -saline O -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Mitochondrial O -calcium B-Chemical -- O -loading O -capacity O -and O -the O -activity O -of O -NADH O -- O -dehydrogenase O -were O -also O -suppressed O -in O -cardiac O -mitochondria O -from O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Doxorubicin B-Chemical -treatment O -also O -caused O -a O -decrease O -in O -RCR O -for O -liver O -mitochondria O -( O -3 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -9 O -versus O -5 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -for O -control O -rats O -) O -and O -inhibition O -of O -hepatic O -cytochrome O -oxidase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Coadministration O -of O -carvedilol B-Chemical -decreased O -the O -extent O -of O -cellular O -vacuolization O -in O -cardiac O -myocytes O -and O -prevented O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -on O -mitochondrial O -respiration O -in O -both O -heart O -and O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Carvedilol B-Chemical -also O -prevented O -the O -decrease O -in O -mitochondrial O -Ca B-Chemical -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -loading O -capacity O -and O -the O -inhibition O -of O -the O -respiratory O -complexes O -of O -heart O -mitochondria O -caused O -by O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Carvedilol B-Chemical -by O -itself O -did O -not O -affect O -any O -of O -the O -parameters O -measured O -for O -heart O -or O -liver O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -this O -protection O -by O -carvedilol B-Chemical -against O -both O -the O -structural O -and O -functional O -cardiac O -tissue O -damage O -may O -afford O -significant O -clinical O -advantage O -in O -minimizing O -the O -dose O -- O -limiting O -mitochondrial O -dysfunction O -and O -cardiomyopathy O -that O -accompanies O -long O -- O -term O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -cancer O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -is O -more O -influenced O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -receptor O -agonists O -than O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -receptor O -agonists O -and O -antagonists O -on O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -and O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -was O -examined O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -adenosine B-Chemical -receptor O -agonists O -significantly O -decreased O -the O -locomotor O -activity O -in O -mice O -, O -and O -the O -effects O -were O -dose O -- O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -seems O -that O -adenosine B-Chemical -A1 O -and O -A2 O -receptors O -might O -be O -involved O -in O -this O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -all O -adenosine B-Chemical -receptor O -agonists O -: O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboxyethyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -phenethylamino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethylcarboxamidoadenosine I-Chemical -( O -CGS B-Chemical -21680 I-Chemical -) O -, O -A2A O -receptor O -agonist O -, O -N6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cyclopentyladenosine I-Chemical -( O -CPA B-Chemical -) O -, O -A1 O -receptor O -agonist O -, O -and O -5 B-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethylcarboxamidoadenosine I-Chemical -( O -NECA B-Chemical -) O -, O -A2 O -/ O -A1 O -receptor O -agonist O -significantly O -and O -dose O -- O -dependently O -decreased O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -locomotor O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -CPA B-Chemical -reduced O -cocaine B-Chemical -action O -at O -the O -doses O -which O -, O -given O -alone O -, O -did O -not O -influence O -motility O -, O -while O -CGS B-Chemical -21680 I-Chemical -and O -NECA B-Chemical -decreased O -the O -action O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -at O -the O -doses O -which O -, O -given O -alone O -, O -decreased O -locomotor O -activity O -in O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -the O -involvement O -of O -both O -adenosine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -action O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -although O -agonists O -of O -A1 O -receptors O -seem O -to O -have O -stronger O -influence O -on O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -selective O -blockade O -of O -A2 O -adenosine B-Chemical -receptor O -by O -DMPX B-Chemical -( O -3 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dimethyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propargylxanthine I-Chemical -) O -significantly O -enhanced O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -locomotor O -activity O -of O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Caffeine B-Chemical -had O -similar O -action O -but O -the O -effect O -was O -not O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -CPT B-Chemical -( O -8 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cyclopentyltheophylline I-Chemical -) O -- O -- O -A1 O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -did O -not O -show O -any O -influence O -in O -this O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -all O -adenosine B-Chemical -receptor O -agonists O -decreased O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -, O -but O -at O -the O -higher O -doses O -than O -those O -which O -were O -active O -in O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -selective O -blockade O -of O -A2 O -adenosine B-Chemical -receptors O -( O -DMPX B-Chemical -) O -and O -non O -- O -selective O -blockade O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -receptors O -( O -caffeine B-Chemical -) O -significantly O -increased O -the O -action O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -locomotor O -activity O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -have O -shown O -that O -all O -adenosine B-Chemical -receptor O -agonists O -( O -A1 O -and O -A2 O -) O -reduce O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -and O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -locomotor O -activity O -and O -indicate O -that O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -is O -more O -influenced O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -receptor O -agonists O -( O -particularly O -A1 O -receptors O -) O -than O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Amiodarone B-Chemical -and O -the O -risk O -of O -bradyarrhythmia O -requiring O -permanent O -pacemaker O -in O -elderly O -patients O -with O -atrial O -fibrillation O -and O -prior O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -whether O -the O -use O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -atrial O -fibrillation O -( O -AF O -) O -increases O -the O -risk O -of O -bradyarrhythmia O -requiring O -a O -permanent O -pacemaker O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Reports O -of O -severe O -bradyarrhythmia O -during O -amiodarone B-Chemical -therapy O -are O -infrequent O -and O -limited O -to O -studies O -assessing O -the O -therapy O -' O -s O -use O -in O -the O -management O -of O -patients O -with O -ventricular O -arrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -A O -study O -cohort O -of O -8 O -, O -770 O -patients O -age O -> O -or O -= O -65 O -years O -with O -a O -new O -diagnosis O -of O -AF O -was O -identified O -from O -a O -provincewide O -database O -of O -Quebec O -residents O -with O -a O -myocardial O -infarction O -( O -MI O -) O -between O -1991 O -and O -1999 O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -a O -nested O -case O -- O -control O -design O -, O -477 O -cases O -of O -bradyarrhythmia O -requiring O -a O -permanent O -pacemaker O -were O -matched O -( O -1 O -: O -4 O -) O -to O -1 O -, O -908 O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Multivariable O -logistic O -regression O -was O -used O -to O -estimate O -the O -odds O -ratio O -( O -OR O -) O -of O -pacemaker O -insertion O -associated O -with O -amiodarone B-Chemical -use O -, O -controlling O -for O -baseline O -risk O -factors O -and O -exposure O -to O -sotalol B-Chemical -, O -Class O -I O -antiarrhythmic O -agents O -, O -beta O -- O -blockers O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blockers O -, O -and O -digoxin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -amiodarone B-Chemical -use O -was O -associated O -with O -an O -increased O -risk O -of O -pacemaker O -insertion O -( O -OR O -: O -2 O -. O -14 O -, O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -[ O -CI O -] O -: O -1 O -. O -30 O -to O -3 O -. O -54 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -was O -modified O -by O -gender O -, O -with O -a O -greater O -risk O -in O -women O -versus O -men O -( O -OR O -: O -3 O -. O -86 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -: O -1 O -. O -70 O -to O -8 O -. O -75 O -vs O -. O -OR O -: O -1 O -. O -52 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -: O -0 O -. O -80 O -to O -2 O -. O -89 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Digoxin B-Chemical -was O -the O -only O -other O -medication O -associated O -with O -an O -increased O -risk O -of O -pacemaker O -insertion O -( O -OR O -: O -1 O -. O -78 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -: O -1 O -. O -37 O -to O -2 O -. O -31 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -This O -study O -suggests O -that O -the O -use O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -in O -elderly O -patients O -with O -AF O -and O -a O -previous O -MI O -increases O -the O -risk O -of O -bradyarrhythmia O -requiring O -a O -permanent O -pacemaker O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -finding O -of O -an O -augmented O -risk O -of O -pacemaker O -insertion O -in O -elderly O -women O -receiving O -amiodarone B-Chemical -requires O -further O -investigation O -. O - -aps B-category -Indomethacin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -morphologic O -changes O -in O -the O -rat O -urinary O -bladder O -epithelium O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -To O -evaluate O -the O -morphologic O -changes O -in O -rat O -urothelium O -induced O -by O -indomethacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Nonsteroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drug O -- O -induced O -cystitis O -is O -a O -poorly O -recognized O -and O -under O -- O -reported O -condition O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -tiaprofenic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -indomethacin B-Chemical -has O -been O -reported O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -this O -condition O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Three O -groups O -were O -established O -: O -a O -control O -group O -( O -n O -= O -10 O -) O -, O -a O -high O -- O -dose O -group O -( O -n O -= O -10 O -) O -, O -treated O -with O -one O -intraperitoneal O -injection O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -and O -a O -therapeutic O -dose O -group O -( O -n O -= O -10 O -) O -in O -which O -oral O -indomethacin B-Chemical -was O -administered O -3 O -. O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -daily O -for O -3 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -animals O -were O -then O -killed O -and O -the O -bladders O -removed O -for O -light O -and O -electron O -microscopic O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -light O -microscopic O -findings O -showed O -some O -focal O -epithelial O -degeneration O -that O -was O -more O -prominent O -in O -the O -high O -- O -dose O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -compared O -with O -the O -control O -group O -, O -both O -indomethacin B-Chemical -groups O -revealed O -statistically O -increased O -numbers O -of O -mast O -cells O -in O -the O -mucosa O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -0001 O -) O -and O -penetration O -of O -lanthanum B-Chemical -nitrate I-Chemical -through O -intercellular O -areas O -of O -the O -epithelium O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -difference O -in O -mast O -cell O -counts O -between O -the O -high O -and O -therapeutic O -dose O -groups O -was O -also O -statistically O -significant O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -0001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Indomethacin B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -histopathologic O -findings O -typical O -of O -interstitial O -cystitis O -, O -such O -as O -leaky O -bladder O -epithelium O -and O -mucosal O -mastocytosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -true O -incidence O -of O -nonsteroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drug O -- O -induced O -cystitis O -in O -humans O -must O -be O -clarified O -by O -prospective O -clinical O -trials O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -open O -- O -label O -phase O -II O -study O -of O -low O -- O -dose O -thalidomide B-Chemical -in O -androgen B-Chemical -- O -independent O -prostate O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antiangiogenic O -effects O -of O -thalidomide B-Chemical -have O -been O -assessed O -in O -clinical O -trials O -in O -patients O -with O -various O -solid O -and O -haematological O -malignancies O -. O - -aps B-category -Thalidomide B-Chemical -blocks O -the O -activity O -of O -angiogenic O -agents O -including O -bFGF O -, O -VEGF O -and O -IL O -- O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -undertook O -an O -open O -- O -label O -study O -using O -thalidomide B-Chemical -100 O -mg O -once O -daily O -for O -up O -to O -6 O -months O -in O -20 O -men O -with O -androgen B-Chemical -- O -independent O -prostate O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -time O -of O -study O -was O -109 O -days O -( O -median O -107 O -, O -range O -4 O -- O -184 O -days O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -underwent O -regular O -measurement O -of O -prostate O -- O -specific O -antigen O -( O -PSA O -) O -, O -urea B-Chemical -and O -electrolytes O -, O -serum O -bFGF O -and O -VEGF O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -men O -( O -15 O -% O -) O -showed O -a O -decline O -in O -serum O -PSA O -of O -at O -least O -50 O -% O -, O -sustained O -throughout O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -16 O -men O -treated O -for O -at O -least O -2 O -months O -, O -six O -( O -37 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -showed O -a O -fall O -in O -absolute O -PSA O -by O -a O -median O -of O -48 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -levels O -of O -serum O -bFGF O -and O -VEGF O -were O -associated O -with O -progressive O -disease O -; O -five O -of O -six O -men O -who O -demonstrated O -a O -fall O -in O -PSA O -also O -showed O -a O -decline O -in O -bFGF O -and O -VEGF O -levels O -, O -and O -three O -of O -four O -men O -with O -a O -rising O -PSA O -showed O -an O -increase O -in O -both O -growth O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -effects O -included O -constipation O -, O -morning O -drowsiness O -, O -dizziness O -and O -rash O -, O -and O -resulted O -in O -withdrawal O -from O -the O -study O -by O -three O -men O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -of O -peripheral O -sensory O -neuropathy O -was O -found O -in O -nine O -of O -13 O -men O -before O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -seven O -men O -who O -completed O -six O -months O -on O -thalidomide B-Chemical -, O -subclinical O -evidence O -of O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -was O -found O -in O -four O -before O -treatment O -, O -but O -in O -all O -seven O -at O -repeat O -testing O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -indicate O -that O -thalidomide B-Chemical -may O -be O -an O -option O -for O -patients O -who O -have O -failed O -other O -forms O -of O -therapy O -, O -provided O -close O -follow O -- O -up O -is O -maintained O -for O -development O -of O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Central O -nervous O -system O -toxicity O -following O -the O -administration O -of O -levobupivacaine B-Chemical -for O -lumbar O -plexus O -block O -: O -A O -report O -of O -two O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -AND O -OBJECTIVES O -: O -Central O -nervous O -system O -and O -cardiac O -toxicity O -following O -the O -administration O -of O -local O -anesthetics O -is O -a O -recognized O -complication O -of O -regional O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Levobupivacaine B-Chemical -, O -the O -pure O -S O -( O -- O -) O -enantiomer O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -, O -was O -developed O -to O -improve O -the O -cardiac O -safety O -profile O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -2 O -cases O -of O -grand O -mal O -seizures O -following O -accidental O -intravascular O -injection O -of O -levobupivacaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -REPORT O -: O -Two O -patients O -presenting O -for O -elective O -orthopedic O -surgery O -of O -the O -lower O -limb O -underwent O -blockade O -of O -the O -lumbar O -plexus O -via O -the O -posterior O -approach O -. O - -aps B-category -Immediately O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -levobupivacaine B-Chemical -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -with O -epinephrine B-Chemical -2 O -. O -5 O -microgram O -/ O -mL O -, O -the O -patients O -developed O -grand O -mal O -seizures O -, O -despite O -negative O -aspiration O -for O -blood O -and O -no O -clinical O -signs O -of O -intravenous O -epinephrine B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -seizures O -were O -successfully O -treated O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -thiopental I-Chemical -in O -addition O -to O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -in O -1 O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -patient O -developed O -signs O -of O -cardiovascular O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -patients O -were O -treated O -preoperatively O -with O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonist O -medications O -, O -which O -may O -have O -masked O -the O -cardiovascular O -signs O -of O -the O -unintentional O -intravascular O -administration O -of O -levobupivacaine B-Chemical -with O -epinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Although O -levobupivacaine B-Chemical -may O -have O -a O -safer O -cardiac O -toxicity O -profile O -than O -racemic O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -, O -if O -adequate O -amounts O -of O -levobupivacaine B-Chemical -reach O -the O -circulation O -, O -it O -will O -result O -in O -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -concentrations O -sufficient O -to O -result O -in O -central O -nervous O -system O -toxicity O -did O -not O -produce O -manifestations O -of O -cardiac O -toxicity O -in O -these O -2 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Amiodarone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -torsade O -de O -pointes O -during O -bladder O -irrigation O -: O -an O -unusual O -presentation O -- O -- O -a O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -present O -a O -case O -of O -early O -( O -within O -4 O -days O -) O -development O -of O -torsade O -de O -pointes O -( O -TdP O -) O -associated O -with O -oral O -amiodarone B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Consistent O -with O -other O -reports O -this O -case O -of O -TdP O -occurred O -in O -the O -context O -of O -multiple O -exacerbating O -factors O -including O -hypokalemia O -and O -digoxin B-Chemical -excess O -. O - -aps B-category -Transient O -prolongation O -of O -the O -QT O -during O -bladder O -irrigation O -prompted O -the O -episode O -of O -TdP O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -well O -known O -that O -bradycardia O -exacerbates O -acquired O -TdP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -speculate O -that O -the O -increased O -vagal O -tone O -during O -bladder O -irrigation O -, O -a O -vagal O -maneuver O -, O -in O -the O -context O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -therapy O -resulted O -in O -amiodarone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -proarrhythmia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -a O -second O -bladder O -irrigation O -did O -not O -induce O -TdP O -despite O -hypokalemia O -and O -hypomagnesemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Anaesthetic O -complications O -associated O -with O -myotonia O -congenita O -: O -case O -study O -and O -comparison O -with O -other O -myotonic O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -Myotonia O -congenita O -( O -MC O -) O -is O -caused O -by O -a O -defect O -in O -the O -skeletal O -muscle O -chloride B-Chemical -channel O -function O -, O -which O -may O -cause O -sustained O -membrane O -depolarisation O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -previously O -healthy O -32 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -who O -developed O -a O -life O -- O -threatening O -muscle O -spasm O -and O -secondary O -ventilation O -difficulties O -following O -a O -preoperative O -injection O -of O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -muscle O -spasms O -disappeared O -spontaneously O -and O -the O -surgery O -proceeded O -without O -further O -problems O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -subsequently O -questioned O -, O -she O -reported O -minor O -symptoms O -suggesting O -a O -myotonic O -condition O -. O - -aps B-category -Myotonia O -was O -found O -on O -clinical O -examination O -and O -EMG O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diagnosis O -MC O -was O -confirmed O -genetically O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -the O -patient O -nor O -the O -anaesthetist O -were O -aware O -of O -the O -diagnosis O -before O -this O -potentially O -lethal O -complication O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -give O -a O -brief O -overview O -of O -ion O -channel O -disorders O -including O -malignant O -hyperthermia O -and O -their O -anaesthetic O -considerations O -. O - -aps B-category -Respiratory O -pattern O -in O -a O -rat O -model O -of O -epilepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -Apnea O -is O -known O -to O -occur O -during O -seizures O -, O -but O -systematic O -studies O -of O -ictal O -respiratory O -changes O -in O -adults O -are O -few O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -regarding O -respiratory O -pattern O -defects O -during O -interictal O -periods O -also O -are O -scarce O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -we O -sought O -to O -generate O -information O -with O -regard O -to O -the O -interictal O -period O -in O -animals O -with O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -epilepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Twelve O -rats O -( O -six O -chronically O -epileptic O -animals O -and O -six O -controls O -) O -were O -anesthetized O -, O -given O -tracheotomies O -, O -and O -subjected O -to O -hyperventilation O -or O -hypoventilation O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Breathing O -movements O -caused O -changes O -in O -thoracic O -volume O -and O -forced O -air O -to O -flow O -tidally O -through O -a O -pneumotachograph O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -flow O -was O -measured O -by O -using O -a O -differential O -pressure O -transducer O -, O -passed O -through O -a O -polygraph O -, O -and O -from O -this O -to O -a O -computer O -with O -custom O -software O -that O -derived O -ventilation O -( O -VE O -) O -, O -tidal O -volume O -( O -VT O -) O -, O -inspiratory O -time O -( O -TI O -) O -, O -expiratory O -time O -( O -TE O -) O -, O -breathing O -frequency O -( O -f O -) O -, O -and O -mean O -inspiratory O -flow O -( O -VT O -/ O -TI O -) O -on O -a O -breath O -- O -by O -- O -breath O -basis O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -hyperventilation O -maneuver O -caused O -a O -decrease O -in O -spontaneous O -ventilation O -in O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -and O -control O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -VE O -had O -a O -similar O -decrease O -in O -both O -groups O -, O -in O -the O -epileptic O -group O -, O -the O -decrease O -in O -VE O -was O -due O -to O -a O -significant O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -increase O -in O -TE O -peak O -in O -relation O -to O -that O -of O -the O -control O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypoventilation O -maneuver O -led O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -arterial O -Paco2 O -, O -followed O -by O -an O -increase O -in O -VE O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -epileptic O -group O -, O -the O -increase O -in O -VE O -was O -mediated O -by O -a O -significant O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -decrease O -in O -TE O -peak O -compared O -with O -the O -control O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Systemic O -application O -of O -KCN O -, O -to O -evaluate O -the O -effects O -of O -peripheral O -chemoreception O -activation O -on O -ventilation O -, O -led O -to O -a O -similar O -increase O -in O -VE O -for O -both O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -data O -indicate O -that O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -animals O -have O -an O -altered O -ability O -to O -react O -to O -( O -or O -compensate O -for O -) O -blood O -gas O -changes O -with O -changes O -in O -ventilation O -and O -suggest O -that O -it O -is O -centrally O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -speculate O -on O -the O -possible O -relation O -of O -the O -current O -findings O -on O -treating O -different O -epilepsy O -- O -associated O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Fatal O -myeloencephalopathy O -due O -to O -intrathecal O -vincristine B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Vincristine B-Chemical -was O -accidentally O -given O -intrathecally O -to O -a O -child O -with O -leukaemia O -, O -producing O -sensory O -and O -motor O -dysfunction O -followed O -by O -encephalopathy O -and O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -Separate O -times O -for O -administering O -vincristine B-Chemical -and O -intrathecal O -therapy O -is O -recommended O -. O - -aps B-category -Progesterone B-Chemical -potentiation O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -arrhythmogenicity O -in O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -- O -anesthetized O -rats O -and O -beating O -rat O -heart O -cell O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -treatment O -on O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -arrhythmogenicity O -in O -beating O -rat O -heart O -myocyte O -cultures O -and O -on O -anesthetized O -rats O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -determining O -the O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -AD50 O -( O -the O -concentration O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -that O -caused O -50 O -% O -of O -all O -beating O -rat O -heart O -myocyte O -cultures O -to O -become O -arrhythmic O -) O -, O -we O -determined O -the O -effect O -of O -1 O -- O -hour O -progesterone B-Chemical -HCl B-Chemical -exposure O -on O -myocyte O -contractile O -rhythm O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -concentration O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -( O -6 O -. O -25 O -, O -12 O -. O -5 O -, O -25 O -, O -and O -50 O -micrograms O -/ O -ml O -) O -caused O -a O -significant O -and O -concentration O -- O -dependent O -reduction O -in O -the O -AD50 O -for O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Estradiol B-Chemical -treatment O -also O -increased O -the O -arrhythmogenicity O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -in O -myocyte O -cultures O -, O -but O -was O -only O -one O -fourth O -as O -potent O -as O -progesterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -progesterone B-Chemical -nor O -estradiol B-Chemical -effects O -on O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -arrhythmogenicity O -were O -potentiated O -by O -epinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -progesterone B-Chemical -pretreatment O -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -for O -21 O -days O -) O -caused O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -arrhythmogenicity O -in O -intact O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -- O -anesthetized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -the O -time O -to O -onset O -of O -arrhythmia O -as O -compared O -with O -control O -nonprogesterone O -- O -treated O -rats O -( O -6 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -3 O -vs O -. O -30 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -5 O -min O -, O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SE O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -this O -study O -indicate O -that O -progesterone B-Chemical -can O -potentiate O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -arrhythmogenicity O -both O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Potentiation O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -arrhythmia O -in O -myocyte O -cultures O -suggests O -that O -this O -effect O -is O -at O -least O -partly O -mediated O -at O -the O -myocyte O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -serum O -soluble O -Fas O -in O -patients O -with O -acute O -liver O -failure O -due O -to O -paracetamol B-Chemical -overdose O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -/ O -AIMS O -: O -Experimental O -studies O -have O -suggested O -that O -apoptosis O -via O -the O -Fas O -/ O -Fas O -Ligand O -signaling O -system O -may O -play O -an O -important O -role O -in O -the O -development O -of O -acute O -liver O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -the O -study O -was O -to O -investigate O -the O -soluble O -form O -of O -Fas O -in O -patients O -with O -acute O -liver O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODOLOGY O -: O -Serum O -levels O -of O -sFas O -( O -soluble O -Fas O -) O -were O -measured O -by O -ELISA O -in O -24 O -patients O -with O -acute O -liver O -failure O -and O -10 O -normal O -control O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -levels O -of O -tumor O -necrosis O -factor O -- O -alpha O -and O -interferon O -- O -gamma O -were O -also O -determined O -by O -ELISA O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Serum O -sFas O -was O -significantly O -increased O -in O -patients O -with O -acute O -liver O -failure O -( O -median O -, O -26 O -. O -8 O -U O -/ O -mL O -; O -range O -, O -6 O -. O -9 O -- O -52 O -. O -7 O -U O -/ O -mL O -) O -compared O -to O -the O -normal O -controls O -( O -median O -, O -8 O -. O -6 O -U O -/ O -mL O -; O -range O -, O -6 O -. O -5 O -- O -12 O -. O -0 O -U O -/ O -mL O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -0001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Levels O -were O -significantly O -greater O -in O -patients O -with O -acute O -liver O -failure O -due O -to O -paracetamol B-Chemical -overdose O -( O -median O -, O -28 O -. O -7 O -U O -/ O -mL O -; O -range O -, O -12 O -. O -8 O -- O -52 O -. O -7 O -U O -/ O -mL O -, O -n O -= O -17 O -) O -than O -those O -due O -to O -non O -- O -A O -to O -E O -hepatitis O -( O -median O -, O -12 O -. O -5 O -U O -/ O -mL O -; O -range O -, O -6 O -. O -9 O -- O -46 O -. O -0 O -U O -/ O -mL O -, O -n O -= O -7 O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -relationship O -of O -sFas O -to O -eventual O -outcome O -in O -the O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -correlation O -was O -observed O -between O -serum O -sFas O -levels O -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -613 O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -increased O -concentration O -of O -sFas O -in O -serum O -of O -patients O -with O -acute O -liver O -failure O -may O -reflect O -activation O -of O -Fas O -- O -mediated O -apoptosis O -in O -the O -liver O -and O -this O -together O -with O -increased O -tumor O -necrosis O -factor O -- O -alpha O -may O -be O -an O -important O -factor O -in O -liver O -cell O -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -Bilateral O -subthalamic O -nucleus O -stimulation O -for O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -frequency O -stimulation O -of O -the O -subthalamic O -nucleus O -( O -STN O -) O -is O -known O -to O -ameliorate O -the O -signs O -and O -symptoms O -of O -advanced O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -AIM O -: O -We O -studied O -the O -effect O -of O -high O -frequency O -STN O -stimulation O -in O -23 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -Twenty O -- O -three O -patients O -suffering O -from O -severe O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -( O -Stages O -III O -- O -V O -on O -Hoehn O -and O -Yahr O -scale O -) O -and O -, O -particularly O -bradykinesia O -, O -rigidity O -, O -and O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -underwent O -bilateral O -implantation O -of O -electrodes O -in O -the O -STN O -. O - -aps B-category -Preoperative O -and O -postoperative O -assessments O -of O -these O -patients O -at O -1 O -, O -3 O -, O -6 O -and O -12 O -months O -follow O -- O -up O -, O -in O -" O -on O -" O -and O -" O -off O -" O -drug O -conditions O -, O -was O -carried O -out O -using O -Unified O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -Disease O -Rating O -Scale O -, O -Hoehn O -and O -Yahr O -staging O -, O -England O -activities O -of O -daily O -living O -score O -and O -video O -recordings O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -After O -one O -year O -of O -electrical O -stimulation O -of O -the O -STN O -, O -the O -patients O -' O -scores O -for O -activities O -of O -daily O -living O -and O -motor O -examination O -scores O -( O -Unified O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -Disease O -Rating O -Scale O -parts O -II O -and O -III O -) O -off O -medication O -improved O -by O -62 O -% O -and O -61 O -% O -respectively O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -0005 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subscores O -for O -the O -akinesia O -, O -rigidity O -, O -tremor O -and O -gait O -also O -improved O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -0005 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -levodopa B-Chemical -dose O -decreased O -from O -813 O -mg O -to O -359 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cognitive O -functions O -remained O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -developed O -device O -- O -related O -complications O -and O -two O -patients O -experienced O -abnormal O -weight O -gain O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Bilateral O -subthalamic O -nucleus O -stimulation O -is O -an O -effective O -treatment O -for O -advanced O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -reduces O -the O -severity O -of O -" O -off O -" O -phase O -symptoms O -, O -improves O -the O -axial O -symptoms O -and O -reduces O -levodopa B-Chemical -requirements O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduction O -in O -the O -levodopa B-Chemical -dose O -is O -useful O -in O -controlling O -drug O -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -renal O -failure O -occurring O -during O -intravenous O -desferrioxamine B-Chemical -therapy O -: O -recovery O -after O -haemodialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -patient O -with O -transfusion O -- O -dependent O -thalassemia O -was O -undergoing O -home O -intravenous O -desferrioxamine B-Chemical -( O -DFX B-Chemical -) O -treatment O -by O -means O -of O -a O -totally O -implanted O -system O -because O -of O -his O -poor O -compliance O -with O -the O -nightly O -subcutaneous O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Due O -to O -an O -accidental O -malfunctioning O -of O -the O -infusion O -pump O -, O -the O -patient O -was O -inadvertently O -administered O -a O -toxic O -dosage O -of O -the O -drug O -which O -caused O -renal O -insufficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -Given O -the O -progressive O -deterioration O -of O -the O -symptoms O -and O -of O -the O -laboratory O -values O -, O -despite O -adequate O -medical O -treatment O -, O -a O -decision O -was O -made O -to O -introduce O -haemodialytical O -therapy O -in O -order O -to O -remove O -the O -drug O -and O -therapy O -reduce O -the O -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -results O -obtained O -, O -haemodialysis O -can O -therefore O -be O -suggested O -as O -a O -useful O -therapy O -in O -rare O -cases O -of O -progressive O -acute O -renal O -failure O -caused O -by O -desferrioxamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ocular O -motility O -changes O -after O -subtenon O -carboplatin B-Chemical -chemotherapy O -for O -retinoblastoma O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Focal O -subtenon O -carboplatin B-Chemical -injections O -have O -recently O -been O -used O -as O -a O -presumably O -toxicity O -- O -free O -adjunct O -to O -systemic O -chemotherapy O -for O -intraocular O -retinoblastoma O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -report O -our O -clinical O -experience O -with O -abnormal O -ocular O -motility O -in O -patients O -treated O -with O -subtenon O -carboplatin B-Chemical -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -noted O -abnormal O -ocular O -motility O -in O -10 O -consecutive O -patients O -with O -retinoblastoma O -who O -had O -received O -subtenon O -carboplatin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -During O -ocular O -manipulation O -under O -general O -anesthesia O -, O -we O -assessed O -their O -eyes O -by O -forced O -duction O -testing O -, O -comparing O -ocular O -motility O -after O -tumor O -control O -with O -ocular O -motility O -at O -diagnosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Eyes O -subsequently O -enucleated O -because O -of O -treatment O -failure O -( O -n O -= O -4 O -) O -were O -examined O -histologically O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Limitation O -of O -ocular O -motility O -was O -detected O -in O -all O -12 O -eyes O -of O -10 O -patients O -treated O -for O -intraocular O -retinoblastoma O -with O -1 O -to O -6 O -injections O -of O -subtenon O -carboplatin B-Chemical -as O -part O -of O -multimodality O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Histopathological O -examination O -revealed O -many O -lipophages O -in O -the O -periorbital O -fat O -surrounding O -the O -optic O -nerve O -in O -1 O -eye O -, O -indicative O -of O -phagocytosis O -of O -previously O -existing O -fat O -cells O -and O -suggesting O -prior O -fat O -necrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enucleations O -were O -technically O -difficult O -and O -hazardous O -for O -globe O -rupture O -because O -of O -extensive O -orbital O -soft O -tissue O -adhesions O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Subtenon O -carboplatin B-Chemical -chemotherapy O -is O -associated O -with O -significant O -fibrosis O -of O -orbital O -soft O -tissues O -, O -leading O -to O -mechanical O -restriction O -of O -eye O -movements O -and O -making O -subsequent O -enucleation O -difficult O -. O - -aps B-category -Subtenon O -carboplatin B-Chemical -is O -not O -free O -of O -toxicity O -, O -and O -its O -use O -is O -best O -restricted O -to O -specific O -indications O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethambutol B-Chemical -and O -optic O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -To O -demonstrate O -the O -association O -between O -ethambutol B-Chemical -and O -optic O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -Thirteen O -patients O -who O -developed O -optic O -neuropathy O -after O -being O -treated O -with O -ethambutol B-Chemical -for O -tuberculosis O -of O -the O -lung O -or O -lymph O -node O -at O -Siriraj O -Hospital O -between O -1997 O -and O -2001 O -were O -retrospectively O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -characteristics O -and O -initial O -and O -final O -visual O -acuity O -were O -analyzed O -to O -determine O -visual O -outcome O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -All O -patients O -had O -optic O -neuropathy O -between O -1 O -to O -6 O -months O -( O -mean O -= O -2 O -. O -9 O -months O -) O -after O -starting O -ethambutol B-Chemical -therapy O -at O -a O -dosage O -ranging O -from O -13 O -to O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -( O -mean O -= O -17 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -( O -54 O -% O -) O -of O -the O -13 O -patients O -experienced O -visual O -recovery O -after O -stopping O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -6 O -patients O -with O -irreversible O -visual O -impairment O -, O -4 O -patients O -had O -diabetes O -mellitus O -, O -glaucoma O -and O -a O -history O -of O -heavy O -smoking O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Early O -recognition O -of O -optic O -neuropathy O -should O -be O -considered O -in O -patients O -with O -ethambutol B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -low O -dose O -and O -prompt O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -drug O -is O -recommended O -particularly O -in O -individuals O -with O -diabetes O -mellitus O -, O -glaucoma O -or O -who O -are O -heavy O -smokers O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -compensatory O -gustatory O -hyperhidrosis O -with O -topical O -glycopyrrolate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Gustatory O -hyperhidrosis O -is O -facial O -sweating O -usually O -associated O -with O -the O -eating O -of O -hot O -spicy O -food O -or O -even O -smelling O -this O -food O -. O - -aps B-category -Current O -options O -of O -treatment O -include O -oral O -anticholinergic O -drugs O -, O -the O -topical O -application O -of O -anticholinergics O -or O -aluminum B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -injection O -of O -botulinum O -toxin O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirteen O -patients O -have O -been O -treated O -to O -date O -with O -1 O -. O -5 O -% O -or O -2 O -% O -topical O -glycopyrrolate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -had O -gustatory O -hyperhidrosis O -, O -which O -interfered O -with O -their O -social O -activities O -, O -after O -transthroacic O -endoscopic O -sympathectomy O -, O -and O -which O -was O -associated O -with O -compensatory O -focal O -hyperhidrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -applying O -topical O -glycopyrrolate B-Chemical -, O -the O -subjective O -effect O -was O -excellent O -( O -no O -sweating O -after O -eating O -hot O -spicy O -food O -) O -in O -10 O -patients O -( O -77 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -fair O -( O -clearly O -reduced O -sweating O -) O -in O -3 O -patients O -( O -23 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -had O -reported O -incidents O -of O -being O -very O -embarrassed O -whilst O -eating O -hot O -spicy O -foods O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -effects O -included O -a O -mildly O -dry O -mouth O -and O -a O -sore O -throat O -in O -2 O -patients O -( O -2 O -% O -glycopyrrolate B-Chemical -) O -, O -a O -light O -headache O -in O -1 O -patient O -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -% O -glycopyrrolate B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -topical O -application O -of O -a O -glycopyrrolate B-Chemical -pad O -appeared O -to O -be O -safe O -, O -efficacious O -, O -well O -tolerated O -, O -and O -a O -convenient O -method O -of O -treatment O -for O -moderate O -to O -severe O -symptoms O -of O -gustatory O -hyperhidrosis O -in O -post O -transthoracic O -endoscopic O -sympathectomy O -or O -sympathicotomy O -patients O -, O -with O -few O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -- O -associated O -hyperprolactinemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Can O -it O -be O -treated O -with O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -? O - -aps B-category -Six O -stable O -psychiatric O -outpatients O -with O -hyperprolactinemia O -and O -amenorrhea O -/ O -oligomenorrhea O -associated O -with O -their O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -medications I-Chemical -were O -treated O -with O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Daily O -dosages O -of O -5 O -- O -10 O -mg O -corrected O -the O -hyperprolactinemia O -and O -restored O -menstruation O -in O -four O -of O -the O -six O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -woman O -, O -however O -, O -developed O -worsened O -psychiatric O -symptoms O -while O -taking O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -, O -and O -it O -was O -discontinued O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -three O -of O -six O -patients O -had O -their O -menstrual O -irregularity O -successfully O -corrected O -with O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -that O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -should O -be O -further O -evaluated O -as O -potential O -therapy O -for O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- O -associated O -hyperprolactinemia O -and O -amenorrhea O -/ O -galactorrhea O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethacrynic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -induced O -convulsions O -and O -brain O -neurotransmitters O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracerebroventricular O -injection O -of O -ethacrynic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -50 O -% O -convulsive O -dose O -; O -50 O -micrograms O -/ O -mouse O -) O -accelerated O -the O -synthesis O -/ O -turnover O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -but O -suppressed O -the O -synthesis O -of O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -in O -mouse O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -were O -completely O -antagonized O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -a O -glutamate B-Chemical -/ O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -antagonist O -, O -aminophosphonovaleric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -ethacrynic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -induced O -convulsions O -, O -these O -neurotransmitter O -systems O -may O -be O -differentially O -modulated O -, O -probably O -through O -activation O -of O -glutaminergic O -neurons O -in O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacology O -of O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acidA I-Chemical -receptor O -complex O -after O -the O -in O -vivo O -administration O -of O -the O -anxioselective O -and O -anticonvulsant O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboline I-Chemical -derivative O -abecarnil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rodents O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboline I-Chemical -derivative O -isopropyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzyloxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methoxymethyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboline I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboxylate I-Chemical -( O -abecarrnil B-Chemical -) O -, O -a O -new O -ligand O -for O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -receptors O -possessing O -anxiolytic O -and O -anticonvulsant O -properties O -, O -was O -evaluated O -on O -the O -function O -of O -central O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -A O -receptor O -complex O -, O -both O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Added O -in O -vitro O -to O -rat O -cortical O -membrane O -preparation O -, O -abecarnil B-Chemical -increased O -[ O -3H O -] O -GABA B-Chemical -binding O -, O -enhanced O -muscimol B-Chemical -- O -stimulated O -36Cl O -- O -uptake O -and O -reduced O -the O -binding O -of O -t B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -35S I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -butylbicyclophosphorothionate I-Chemical -( O -[ B-Chemical -35S I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -TBPS I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -were O -similar O -to O -those O -induced O -by O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -the O -partial O -agonist O -Ro B-Chemical -16 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6028 I-Chemical -( O -tert B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -butyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -S I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bromo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -11 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -12 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -13 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -13a I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tetrahydro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -imidazo I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -a I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyrrolo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -c I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -benzodiazepine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboxylate I-Chemical -) O -showed O -very O -weak O -efficacy O -in O -these O -biochemical O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -i O -. O -p O -. O -injection O -to O -rats O -, O -abecarnil B-Chemical -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -decreased O -in O -a O -time O -- O -dependent O -and O -dose O -- O -related O -( O -0 O -. O -25 O -- O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -manner O -[ B-Chemical -35S I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -TBPS I-Chemical -binding O -measured O -ex O -vivo O -in O -the O -cerebral O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -both O -drugs O -at O -the O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -antagonized O -completely O -the O -convulsant O -activity O -and O -the O -increase O -of O -[ B-Chemical -35S I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -TBPS I-Chemical -binding O -induced O -by O -isoniazide B-Chemical -( O -350 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -as O -well O -as O -the O -increase O -of O -[ B-Chemical -35S I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -TBPS I-Chemical -binding O -induced O -by O -foot O -- O -shock O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -better O -correlate O -the O -biochemical O -and O -the O -pharmacological O -effects O -, O -we O -studied O -the O -action O -of O -abecarnil B-Chemical -on O -[ B-Chemical -35S I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -TBPS I-Chemical -binding O -, O -exploratory O -motility O -and O -on O -isoniazid B-Chemical -- O -induced O -biochemical O -and O -pharmacological O -effects O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -animals O -, O -abecarnil B-Chemical -produced O -a O -paralleled O -dose O -- O -dependent O -( O -0 O -. O -05 O -- O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -reduction O -of O -both O -motor O -behavior O -and O -cortical O -[ O -35S O -] O -TBPS O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -0 O -. O -05 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -this O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboline I-Chemical -reduced O -markedly O -the O -increase O -of O -[ B-Chemical -35S I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -TBPS I-Chemical -binding O -and O -the O -convulsions O -induced O -by O -isoniazid B-Chemical -( O -200 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Recurrent O -myocardial O -infarction O -in O -a O -postpartum O -patient O -receiving O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Myocardial O -infarction O -in O -puerperium O -is O -infrequently O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Spasm O -, O -coronary O -dissection O -, O -or O -atheromatous O -etiology O -has O -been O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -has O -been O -implicated O -in O -several O -previous O -case O -reports O -of O -myocardial O -infarction O -in O -the O -puerperium O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -case O -( O -including O -an O -inadvertent O -rechallenge O -) O -suggests O -such O -a O -relationship O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -generally O -regarded O -as O -" O -safe O -, O -" O -possible O -serious O -cardiac O -effects O -of O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -should O -be O -acknowledged O -. O - -aps B-category -Asterixis O -induced O -by O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -very O -few O -reports O -about O -asterixis O -as O -a O -side O -effect O -of O -treatment O -with O -psychopharmacologic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -report O -we O -present O -four O -patients O -treated O -with O -a O -combination O -of O -different O -psychotropic O -drugs O -, O -in O -whom O -asterixis O -was O -triggered O -either O -by O -adding O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -( O -CBZ B-Chemical -) O -to O -a O -treatment O -regimen O -, O -or O -by O -increasing O -its O -dosage O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -dosage O -nor O -serum O -levels O -of O -CBZ B-Chemical -were O -in O -a O -higher O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -consider O -asterixis O -to O -be O -an O -easily O -overlooked O -sign O -of O -neurotoxicity O -, O -which O -may O -occur O -even O -at O -low O -or O -moderate O -dosage O -levels O -, O -if O -certain O -drugs O -as O -lithium B-Chemical -or O -clozapine B-Chemical -are O -used O -in O -combination O -with O -CBZ B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacodynamics O -of O -the O -hypotensive O -effect O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -in O -parkinsonian O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -pressure O -effects O -of O -i O -. O -v O -. O -levodopa B-Chemical -were O -examined O -in O -parkinsonian O -patients O -with O -stable O -and O -fluctuating O -responses O -to O -levodopa B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -magnitude O -of O -the O -hypotensive O -effect O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -was O -concentration O -dependent O -and O -was O -fit O -to O -an O -Emax O -model O -in O -fluctuating O -responders O -. O - -aps B-category -Stable O -responders O -demonstrated O -a O -small O -hypotensive O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Baseline O -blood O -pressures O -were O -higher O -in O -fluctuating O -patients O -; O -a O -higher O -baseline O -blood O -pressure O -correlated O -with O -greater O -hypotensive O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Antiparkinsonian O -effects O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -temporally O -correlated O -with O -blood O -pressure O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylalanine B-Chemical -, O -a O -large O -neutral O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -LNAA O -) O -competing O -with O -levodopa B-Chemical -for O -transport O -across O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -, O -reduced O -the O -hypotensive O -and O -antiparkinsonian O -effects O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -levodopa B-Chemical -has O -a O -central O -hypotensive O -action O -that O -parallels O -the O -motor O -effects O -in O -fluctuating O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypotensive O -effect O -appears O -to O -be O -related O -to O -the O -higher O -baseline O -blood O -pressure O -we O -observed O -in O -fluctuating O -patients O -relative O -to O -stable O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Syndrome O -of O -inappropriate O -secretion O -of O -antidiuretic O -hormone O -after O -infusional O -vincristine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -77 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -refractory O -multiple O -myeloma O -was O -treated O -with O -a O -4 O -- O -day O -continuous O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -vincristine B-Chemical -and O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -and O -4 O -days O -of O -oral O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Nine O -days O -after O -her O -second O -cycle O -she O -presented O -with O -lethargy O -and O -weakness O -associated O -with O -hyponatremia O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -revealed O -the O -syndrome O -of O -inappropriate O -secretion O -of O -antidiuretic O -hormone O -, O -which O -was O -attributed O -to O -the O -vincristine B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -normal O -serum O -sodium B-Chemical -levels O -returned O -, O -further O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -and O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -chemotherapy O -without O -vincristine B-Chemical -did O -not O -produce O -this O -complication O -. O - -aps B-category -Heart O -failure O -: O -to O -digitalise O -or O -not O -? O - -aps B-category -The O -view O -against O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -extensive O -clinical O -experience O -the O -role O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -is O -still O -not O -well O -defined O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -with O -atrial O -fibrillation O -digoxin B-Chemical -is O -beneficial O -for O -ventricular O -rate O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -patients O -in O -sinus O -rhythm O -and O -heart O -failure O -the O -situation O -is O -less O -clear O -. O - -aps B-category -Digoxin B-Chemical -has O -a O -narrow O -therapeutic O -: O -toxic O -ratio O -and O -concentrations O -are O -affected O -by O -a O -number O -of O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -digoxin B-Chemical -has O -undesirable O -effects O -such O -as O -increasing O -peripheral O -resistance O -and O -myocardial O -demands O -, O -and O -causing O -arrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -a O -paucity O -of O -data O -from O -well O -- O -designed O -trials O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -trials O -that O -are O -available O -are O -generally O -small O -with O -limitations O -in O -design O -and O -these O -show O -variation O -in O -patient O -benefit O -. O - -aps B-category -More O -convincing O -evidence O -is O -required O -showing O -that O -digoxin B-Chemical -improves O -symptoms O -or O -exercise O -capacity O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -no O -trial O -has O -had O -sufficient O -power O -to O -evaluate O -mortality O -. O - -aps B-category -Pooled O -analysis O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -other O -inotropic O -drugs O -shows O -an O -excess O -mortality O -and O -there O -is O -a O -possibility O -that O -digoxin B-Chemical -may O -increase O -mortality O -after O -myocardial O -infarction O -( O -MI O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Angiotensin B-Chemical -- O -converting O -enzyme O -( O -ACE O -) O -inhibitors O -should O -be O -used O -first O -as O -they O -are O -safer O -, O -do O -not O -require O -blood O -level O -monitoring O -, O -modify O -progression O -of O -disease O -, O -relieve O -symptoms O -, O -improve O -exercise O -tolerance O -and O -reduce O -mortality O -. O - -aps B-category -Caution O -should O -be O -exercised O -in O -using O -digoxin B-Chemical -until O -large O -mortality O -trials O -are O -completed O -showing O -either O -benefit O -or O -harm O -. O - -aps B-category -Until O -then O -digoxin B-Chemical -should O -be O -considered O -a O -third O -- O -line O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Isradipine B-Chemical -treatment O -for O -hypertension O -in O -general O -practice O -in O -Hong O -Kong O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -6 O -- O -week O -open O -study O -of O -the O -introduction O -of O -isradipine B-Chemical -treatment O -was O -conducted O -in O -general O -practice O -in O -Hong O -Kong O -. O - -aps B-category -303 O -Chinese O -patients O -with O -mild O -to O -moderate O -hypertension O -entered O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Side O -effects O -were O -reported O -in O -21 O -% O -of O -patients O -and O -caused O -withdrawal O -from O -the O -study O -in O -3 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -main O -side O -- O -effects O -were O -headache O -, O -dizziness O -, O -palpitation O -and O -flushing O -and O -these O -were O -not O -more O -frequent O -than O -reported O -in O -other O -studies O -with O -isradipine B-Chemical -or O -with O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Supine O -blood O -pressure O -was O -reduced O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -from O -170 O -+ O -/ O -- O -20 O -/ O -102 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -mmHg O -to O -153 O -+ O -/ O -- O -19 O -/ O -92 O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -, O -147 O -+ O -/ O -- O -18 O -/ O -88 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -and O -144 O -+ O -/ O -- O -14 O -/ O -87 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -mmHg O -at O -2 O -, O -4 O -and O -6 O -weeks O -respectively O -in O -evaluable O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -reductions O -occurred O -in O -standing O -blood O -pressure O -and O -there O -was O -no O -evidence O -of O -postural O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Normalization O -and O -responder O -rates O -at O -6 O -weeks O -were O -86 O -% O -and O -69 O -% O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Dosage O -was O -increased O -from O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -b O -. O -d O -. O -to O -5 O -mg O -b O -. O -d O -. O -at O -4 O -weeks O -in O -patients O -with O -diastolic O -blood O -pressure O -greater O -than O -90 O -mmHg O -and O -their O -further O -response O -was O -greater O -than O -those O -remaining O -on O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -b O -. O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -characteristics O -and O -side O -effects O -of O -a O -new O -galenic O -formulation O -of O -propofol B-Chemical -without O -soyabean O -oil O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -compared O -the O -pharmacokinetics O -, O -pharmacodynamics O -and O -safety O -profile O -of O -a O -new O -galenic O -formulation O -of O -propofol B-Chemical -( O -AM149 O -1 O -% O -) O -, O -which O -does O -not O -contain O -soyabean O -oil O -, O -with O -a O -standard O -formulation O -of O -propofol B-Chemical -( O -Disoprivan B-Chemical -1 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -randomised O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -cross O -- O -over O -study O -, O -30 O -healthy O -volunteers O -received O -a O -single O -intravenous O -bolus O -injection O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -propofol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -propofol B-Chemical -levels O -were O -measured O -for O -48 O -h O -following O -drug O -administration O -and O -evaluated O -according O -to O -a O -three O -- O -compartment O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacodynamic O -parameters O -assessed O -included O -induction O -and O -emergence O -times O -, O -respiratory O -and O -cardiovascular O -effects O -, O -and O -pain O -on O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -monitored O -for O -side O -effects O -over O -48 O -h O -. O - -aps B-category -Owing O -to O -a O -high O -incidence O -of O -thrombophlebitis O -, O -the O -study O -was O -terminated O -prematurely O -and O -only O -the O -data O -of O -the O -two O -parallel O -treatment O -groups O -( O -15 O -patients O -in O -each O -group O -) O -were O -analysed O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -concentrations O -did O -not O -differ O -significantly O -between O -the O -two O -formulations O -. O - -aps B-category -Anaesthesia O -induction O -and O -emergence O -times O -, O -respiratory O -and O -cardiovascular O -variables O -showed O -no O -significant O -differences O -between O -the O -two O -treatment O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Pain O -on O -injection O -( O -80 O -vs O -. O -20 O -% O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -and O -thrombophlebitis O -( O -93 O -. O -3 O -vs O -. O -6 O -. O -6 O -% O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -occurred O -more O -frequently O -with O -AM149 O -than O -with O -Disoprivan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -both O -formulations O -had O -similar O -pharmacokinetic O -and O -pharmacodynamic O -profiles O -the O -new O -formulation O -is O -not O -suitable O -for O -clinical O -use O -due O -to O -the O -high O -incidence O -of O -thrombophlebitis O -produced O -. O - -aps B-category -Pure O -red O -cell O -aplasia O -, O -toxic O -dermatitis O -and O -lymphadenopathy O -in O -a O -patient O -taking O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -patient O -taking O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -for O -3 O -weeks O -developed O -a O -generalized O -skin O -rash O -, O -lymphadenopathy O -and O -pure O -red O -cell O -aplasia O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -withdrawal O -of O -the O -pharmacon O -all O -symptoms O -disappeared O -spontaneously O -. O - -aps B-category -Skin O -rash O -is O -a O -well O -- O -known O -complication O -of O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -treatment O -as O -is O -benign O -and O -malignant O -lymphadenopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Pure O -red O -cell O -aplasia O -associated O -with O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -medication O -has O -been O -reported O -in O -3 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -exact O -mechanism O -by O -which O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -exerts O -its O -toxic O -effects O -is O -not O -known O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -patient O -the O -time O -relation O -between O -the O -ingestion O -of O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -and O -the O -occurrence O -of O -the O -skin O -rash O -, O -lymphadenopathy O -and O -pure O -red O -cell O -aplasia O -is O -very O -suggestive O -of O -a O -direct O -connection O -. O - -aps B-category -Vinorelbine B-Chemical -- O -related O -cardiac O -events O -: O -a O -meta O -- O -analysis O -of O -randomized O -clinical O -trials O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -cases O -of O -cardiac O -adverse O -reactions O -related O -to O -vinorelbine B-Chemical -( O -VNR B-Chemical -) O -have O -been O -reported O -in O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -quantify O -the O -incidence O -of O -these O -cardiac O -events O -, O -we O -performed O -a O -meta O -- O -analysis O -of O -clinical O -trials O -comparing O -VNR B-Chemical -with O -other O -chemotherapeutic O -agents O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -various O -malignancies O -. O - -aps B-category -Randomized O -clinical O -trials O -comparing O -VNR B-Chemical -with O -other O -drugs O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -cancer O -were O -searched O -in O -Medline O -, O -Embase O -, O -Evidence O -- O -based O -Medicine O -Reviews O -databases O -and O -the O -Cochrane O -library O -from O -1987 O -to O -2002 O -. O - -aps B-category -Outcomes O -of O -interest O -were O -severe O -cardiac O -events O -, O -toxic O -deaths O -and O -cardiac O -event O -- O -related O -deaths O -reported O -in O -each O -publication O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -19 O -trials O -, O -involving O -2441 O -patients O -treated O -by O -VNR B-Chemical -and O -2050 O -control O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -cardiac O -events O -with O -VNR B-Chemical -was O -1 O -. O -19 O -% O -[ O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -( O -CI O -) O -( O -0 O -. O -75 O -; O -1 O -. O -67 O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -difference O -in O -the O -risk O -of O -cardiac O -events O -between O -VNR B-Chemical -and O -other O -drugs O -[ O -odds O -ratio O -: O -0 O -. O -92 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -( O -0 O -. O -54 O -; O -1 O -. O -55 O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -risk O -of O -VNR B-Chemical -cardiac O -events O -was O -similar O -to O -vindesine B-Chemical -( O -VDS B-Chemical -) O -and O -other O -cardiotoxic O -drugs O -[ O -fluorouracil B-Chemical -, O -anthracyclines B-Chemical -, O -gemcitabine B-Chemical -( O -GEM B-Chemical -) O -em O -leader O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Even O -if O -it O -did O -not O -reach O -statistical O -significance O -because O -of O -a O -few O -number O -of O -cases O -, O -the O -risk O -was O -lower O -in O -trials O -excluding O -patients O -with O -cardiac O -history O -, O -and O -seemed O -to O -be O -higher O -in O -trials O -including O -patients O -with O -pre O -- O -existing O -cardiac O -diseases O -. O - -aps B-category -Vinorelbine B-Chemical -- O -related O -cardiac O -events O -concern O -about O -1 O -% O -of O -treated O -patients O -in O -clinical O -trials O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -risk O -associated O -with O -VNR B-Chemical -seems O -to O -be O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -other O -chemotherapeutic O -agents O -in O -the O -same O -indications O -. O - -aps B-category -MRI O -findings O -of O -hypoxic O -cortical O -laminar O -necrosis O -in O -a O -child O -with O -hemolytic O -anemia O -crisis O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -present O -magnetic O -resonance O -imaging O -findings O -of O -a O -5 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -girl O -who O -had O -a O -rapidly O -installing O -hemolytic O -anemia O -crisis O -induced O -by O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfomethoxazole I-Chemical -, O -resulting O -in O -cerebral O -anoxia O -leading O -to O -permanent O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnetic O -Resonance O -imaging O -revealed O -cortical O -laminar O -necrosis O -in O -arterial O -border O -zones O -in O -both O -cerebral O -hemispheres O -, O -ischemic O -changes O -in O -subcortical O -white O -matter O -of O -left O -cerebral O -hemisphere O -, O -and O -in O -the O -left O -putamen O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -cortical O -laminar O -necrosis O -is O -a O -classic O -entity O -in O -adulthood O -related O -to O -conditions O -of O -energy O -depletions O -, O -there O -are O -few O -reports O -available O -in O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -wide O -review O -of O -the O -literature O -is O -also O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -natural O -history O -of O -Vigabatrin B-Chemical -associated O -visual O -field O -defects O -in O -patients O -electing O -to O -continue O -their O -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -To O -determine O -the O -natural O -history O -of O -visual O -field O -defects O -in O -a O -group O -of O -patients O -known O -to O -have O -Vigabatrin B-Chemical -- O -associated O -changes O -who O -elected O -to O -continue O -the O -medication O -because O -of O -good O -seizure O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -All O -patients O -taking O -Vigabatrin B-Chemical -alone O -or O -in O -combination O -with O -other O -antiepileptic O -drugs O -for O -at O -least O -5 O -years O -( O -range O -5 O -- O -12 O -years O -) O -were O -entered O -into O -a O -visual O -surveillance O -programme O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -followed O -up O -at O -6 O -- O -monthly O -intervals O -for O -not O -less O -than O -18 O -months O -( O -range O -18 O -- O -43 O -months O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -, O -16 O -patients O -with O -unequivocal O -defects O -continued O -the O -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -already O -published O -methodology O -( O -Eye O -2002 O -; O -16 O -; O -567 O -- O -571 O -) O -monocular O -mean O -radial O -degrees O -( O -MRDs O -) O -to O -the O -I O -/ O -4e O -isopter O -on O -Goldmann O -perimetry O -was O -calculated O -for O -the O -right O -eye O -at O -the O -time O -of O -discovery O -of O -a O -visual O -field O -defect O -and O -again O -after O -not O -less O -than O -18 O -months O -follow O -- O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Mean O -right O -eye O -MRD O -at O -presentation O -was O -36 O -. O -98 O -degrees O -( O -range O -22 O -. O -25 O -- O -51 O -. O -0 O -) O -, O -compared O -to O -38 O -. O -40 O -degrees O -( O -range O -22 O -. O -5 O -- O -49 O -. O -75 O -) O -after O -follow O -- O -up O -; O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -338 O -unpaired O -t O -- O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -one O -patient O -demonstrated O -a O -deterioration O -in O -visual O -field O -during O -the O -study O -period O -and O -discontinued O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Established O -visual O -field O -defects O -presumed O -to O -be O -due O -to O -Vigabatrin B-Chemical -therapy O -did O -not O -usually O -progress O -in O -spite O -of O -continuing O -use O -of O -the O -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -give O -support O -to O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -Vigabatrin B-Chemical -- O -associated O -visual O -field O -defects O -may O -be O -an O -idiosyncratic O -adverse O -drug O -reaction O -rather O -than O -dose O -- O -dependent O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -rosaceiform O -dermatitis O -during O -treatment O -of O -facial O -inflammatory O -dermatoses O -with O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -ointment O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Tacrolimus B-Chemical -ointment O -is O -increasingly O -used O -for O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -treatment O -of O -sensitive O -areas O -such O -as O -the O -face O -, O -and O -recent O -observations O -indicate O -that O -the O -treatment O -is O -effective O -in O -steroid B-Chemical -- O -aggravated O -rosacea O -and O -perioral O -dermatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -on O -rosaceiform O -dermatitis O -as O -a O -complication O -of O -treatment O -with O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -ointment O -. O - -aps B-category -OBSERVATIONS O -: O -Six O -adult O -patients O -with O -inflammatory O -facial O -dermatoses O -were O -treated O -with O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -ointment O -because O -of O -the O -ineffectiveness O -of O -standard O -treatments O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -2 O -to O -3 O -weeks O -of O -initially O -effective O -and O -well O -- O -tolerated O -treatment O -, O -3 O -patients O -with O -a O -history O -of O -rosacea O -and O -1 O -with O -a O -history O -of O -acne O -experienced O -sudden O -worsening O -with O -pustular O -rosaceiform O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -Biopsy O -revealed O -an O -abundance O -of O -Demodex O -mites O -in O -2 O -of O -these O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -1 O -patient O -with O -eyelid O -eczema O -, O -rosaceiform O -periocular O -dermatitis O -gradually O -appeared O -after O -3 O -weeks O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -1 O -patient O -with O -atopic O -dermatitis O -, O -telangiectatic O -and O -papular O -rosacea O -insidiously O -appeared O -after O -5 O -months O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Our O -observations O -suggest O -that O -the O -spectrum O -of O -rosaceiform O -dermatitis O -as O -a O -complication O -of O -treatment O -with O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -ointment O -is O -heterogeneous O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -variety O -of O -factors O -, O -such O -as O -vasoactive O -properties O -of O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -, O -proliferation O -of O -Demodex O -due O -to O -local O -immunosuppression O -, O -and O -the O -occlusive O -properties O -of O -the O -ointment O -, O -may O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -observed O -phenomena O -. O - -aps B-category -Future O -studies O -are O -needed O -to O -identify O -individual O -risk O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravascular O -hemolysis O -and O -acute O -renal O -failure O -following O -intermittent O -rifampin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -failure O -is O -a O -rare O -complication O -associated O -with O -the O -use O -of O -rifampin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Intravascular O -hemolysis O -leading O -to O -acute O -renal O -failure O -following O -rifampin B-Chemical -therapy O -is O -extremely O -rare O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -with O -leprosy O -who O -developed O -hemolysis O -and O -acute O -renal O -failure O -following O -rifampin B-Chemical -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Structural O -abnormalities O -in O -the O -brains O -of O -human O -subjects O -who O -use O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -visualize O -, O -for O -the O -first O -time O -, O -the O -profile O -of O -structural O -deficits O -in O -the O -human O -brain O -associated O -with O -chronic O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -( O -MA B-Chemical -) O -abuse O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -human O -subjects O -who O -have O -used O -MA B-Chemical -chronically O -have O -revealed O -deficits O -in O -dopaminergic O -and O -serotonergic O -systems O -and O -cerebral O -metabolic O -abnormalities O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -magnetic O -resonance O -imaging O -( O -MRI O -) O -and O -new O -computational O -brain O -- O -mapping O -techniques O -, O -we O -determined O -the O -pattern O -of O -structural O -brain O -alterations O -associated O -with O -chronic O -MA B-Chemical -abuse O -in O -human O -subjects O -and O -related O -these O -deficits O -to O -cognitive O -impairment O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -used O -high O -- O -resolution O -MRI O -and O -surface O -- O -based O -computational O -image O -analyses O -to O -map O -regional O -abnormalities O -in O -the O -cortex O -, O -hippocampus O -, O -white O -matter O -, O -and O -ventricles O -in O -22 O -human O -subjects O -who O -used O -MA B-Chemical -and O -21 O -age O -- O -matched O -, O -healthy O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Cortical O -maps O -revealed O -severe O -gray O -- O -matter O -deficits O -in O -the O -cingulate O -, O -limbic O -, O -and O -paralimbic O -cortices O -of O -MA B-Chemical -abusers O -( O -averaging O -11 O -. O -3 O -% O -below O -control O -; O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -average O -, O -MA B-Chemical -abusers O -had O -7 O -. O -8 O -% O -smaller O -hippocampal O -volumes O -than O -control O -subjects O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -; O -left O -, O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -01 O -; O -right O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -and O -significant O -white O -- O -matter O -hypertrophy O -( O -7 O -. O -0 O -% O -; O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Hippocampal O -deficits O -were O -mapped O -and O -correlated O -with O -memory O -performance O -on O -a O -word O -- O -recall O -test O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -MRI O -- O -based O -maps O -suggest O -that O -chronic O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -abuse O -causes O -a O -selective O -pattern O -of O -cerebral O -deterioration O -that O -contributes O -to O -impaired O -memory O -performance O -. O - -aps B-category -MA B-Chemical -may O -selectively O -damage O -the O -medial O -temporal O -lobe O -and O -, O -consistent O -with O -metabolic O -studies O -, O -the O -cingulate O -- O -limbic O -cortex O -, O -inducing O -neuroadaptation O -, O -neuropil O -reduction O -, O -or O -cell O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -Prominent O -white O -- O -matter O -hypertrophy O -may O -result O -from O -altered O -myelination O -and O -adaptive O -glial O -changes O -, O -including O -gliosis O -secondary O -to O -neuronal O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -brain O -substrates O -may O -help O -account O -for O -the O -symptoms O -of O -MA B-Chemical -abuse O -, O -providing O -therapeutic O -targets O -for O -drug O -- O -induced O -brain O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -Disruption O -of O -hepatic O -lipid O -homeostasis O -in O -mice O -after O -amiodarone B-Chemical -treatment O -is O -associated O -with O -peroxisome O -proliferator O -- O -activated O -receptor O -- O -alpha O -target O -gene O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -Amiodarone B-Chemical -, O -an O -efficacious O -and O -widely O -used O -antiarrhythmic O -agent O -, O -has O -been O -reported O -to O -cause O -hepatotoxicity O -in O -some O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -gain O -insight O -into O -the O -mechanism O -of O -this O -unwanted O -effect O -, O -mice O -were O -administered O -various O -doses O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -and O -examined O -for O -changes O -in O -hepatic O -histology O -and O -gene O -regulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Amiodarone B-Chemical -induced O -hepatomegaly O -, O -hepatocyte O -microvesicular O -lipid O -accumulation O -, O -and O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -serum O -triglycerides B-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Northern O -blot O -analysis O -of O -hepatic O -RNA O -revealed O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -increase O -in O -the O -expression O -of O -a O -number O -of O -genes O -critical O -for O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidation O -, O -lipoprotein O -assembly O -, O -and O -lipid O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Many O -of O -these O -genes O -are O -regulated O -by O -the O -peroxisome O -proliferator O -- O -activated O -receptor O -- O -alpha O -( O -PPARalpha O -) O -, O -a O -ligand O -- O -activated O -nuclear O -hormone O -receptor O -transcription O -factor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absence O -of O -induction O -of O -these O -genes O -as O -well O -as O -hepatomegaly O -in O -PPARalpha O -knockout O -[ O -PPARalpha O -- O -/ O -- O -] O -mice O -indicated O -that O -the O -effects O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -were O -dependent O -upon O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -functional O -PPARalpha O -gene O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -to O -wild O -- O -type O -mice O -, O -treatment O -of O -PPARalpha O -- O -/ O -- O -mice O -with O -amiodarone B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -an O -increased O -rate O -and O -extent O -of O -total O -body O -weight O -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inability O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -to O -directly O -activate O -either O -human O -or O -mouse O -PPARalpha O -transiently O -expressed O -in O -human O -HepG2 O -hepatoma O -cells O -indicates O -that O -the O -effects O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -on O -the O -function O -of O -this O -receptor O -were O -indirect O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -upon O -these O -results O -, O -we O -conclude O -that O -amiodarone B-Chemical -disrupts O -hepatic O -lipid O -homeostasis O -and O -that O -the O -increased O -expression O -of O -PPARalpha O -target O -genes O -is O -secondary O -to O -this O -toxic O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -provide O -important O -new O -mechanistic O -information O -regarding O -the O -hepatotoxic O -effects O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -and O -indicate O -that O -PPARalpha O -protects O -against O -amiodarone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hepatotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Safety O -and O -compliance O -with O -once O -- O -daily O -niacin B-Chemical -extended I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -release I-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -lovastatin I-Chemical -as O -initial O -therapy O -in O -the O -Impact O -of O -Medical O -Subspecialty O -on O -Patient O -Compliance O -to O -Treatment O -( O -IMPACT O -) O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Niacin B-Chemical -extended I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -release I-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -lovastatin I-Chemical -is O -a O -new O -combination O -product O -approved O -for O -treatment O -of O -primary O -hypercholesterolemia O -and O -mixed O -dyslipidemia O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -open O -- O -labeled O -, O -multicenter O -study O -evaluated O -the O -safety O -of O -bedtime O -niacin B-Chemical -extended I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -release I-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -lovastatin I-Chemical -when O -dosed O -as O -initial O -therapy O -and O -patient O -compliance O -to O -treatment O -in O -various O -clinical O -practice O -settings O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -4 O -, O -499 O -patients O -with O -dyslipidemia O -requiring O -drug O -intervention O -was O -enrolled O -at O -1 O -, O -081 O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -treated O -with O -1 O -tablet O -( O -500 O -mg O -of O -niacin B-Chemical -extended O -- O -release O -/ O -20 O -mg O -of O -lovastatin B-Chemical -) O -once O -nightly O -for O -4 O -weeks O -and O -then O -2 O -tablets O -for O -8 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -also O -received O -dietary O -counseling O -, O -educational O -materials O -, O -and O -reminders O -to O -call O -a O -toll O -- O -free O -number O -that O -provided O -further O -education O -about O -dyslipidemia O -and O -niacin B-Chemical -extended I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -release I-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -lovastatin I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Primary O -end O -points O -were O -study O -compliance O -, O -increases O -in O -liver O -transaminases O -to O -> O -3 O -times O -the O -upper O -limit O -of O -normal O -, O -and O -clinical O -myopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Final O -study O -status O -was O -available O -for O -4 O -, O -217 O -patients O -( O -94 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Compliance O -to O -niacin B-Chemical -extended I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -release I-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -lovastatin I-Chemical -was O -77 O -% O -, O -with O -3 O -, O -245 O -patients O -completing O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -in O -the O -southeast O -and O -those O -enrolled O -by O -endocrinologists O -had O -the O -lowest O -compliance O -and O -highest O -adverse O -event O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -Flushing O -was O -the O -most O -common O -adverse O -event O -, O -reported O -by O -18 O -% O -of O -patients O -and O -leading O -to O -discontinuation O -by O -6 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Incidence O -of O -increased O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -/ O -or O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -> O -3 O -times O -the O -upper O -limit O -of O -normal O -was O -< O -0 O -. O -3 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increase O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphokinase O -to O -> O -5 O -times O -the O -upper O -limit O -of O -normal O -occurred O -in O -0 O -. O -24 O -% O -of O -patients O -, O -and O -no O -cases O -of O -drug O -- O -induced O -myopathy O -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Niacin B-Chemical -extended I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -release I-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -lovastatin I-Chemical -1 O -, O -000 O -/ O -40 O -mg O -, O -dosed O -as O -initial O -therapy O -, O -was O -associated O -with O -good O -compliance O -and O -safety O -and O -had O -very O -low O -incidences O -of O -increased O -liver O -and O -muscle O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Protective O -effect O -of O -Terminalia B-Chemical -chebula I-Chemical -against O -experimental O -myocardial O -injury O -induced O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cardioprotective O -effect O -of O -ethanolic B-Chemical -extract I-Chemical -of I-Chemical -Terminalia I-Chemical -chebula I-Chemical -fruits I-Chemical -( O -500 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -wt O -) O -was O -examined O -in O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -200 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -wt O -) O -induced O -myocardial O -damage O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -administered O -rats O -, O -the O -level O -of O -lipid O -peroxides B-Chemical -increased O -significantly O -in O -the O -serum O -and O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -decrease O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -myocardial O -marker O -enzymes O -with O -a O -concomitant O -increase O -in O -their O -activity O -in O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Histopathological O -examination O -was O -carried O -out O -to O -confirm O -the O -myocardial O -necrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -T B-Chemical -. I-Chemical -chebula I-Chemical -extract I-Chemical -pretreatment O -was O -found O -to O -ameliorate O -the O -effect O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -on O -lipid O -peroxide B-Chemical -formation O -and O -retained O -the O -activities O -of O -the O -diagnostic O -marker O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -postoperative O -anxiety O -due O -to O -low O -dose O -droperidol B-Chemical -used O -with O -patient O -- O -controlled O -analgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -multiparous O -woman O -in O -good O -psychological O -health O -underwent O -urgent O -caesarean O -section O -in O -labour O -. O - -aps B-category -Postoperatively O -, O -she O -was O -given O -a O -patient O -- O -controlled O -analgesia O -device O -delivering O -boluses O -of O -diamorphine B-Chemical -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -and O -droperidol B-Chemical -0 O -. O -025 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -Whilst O -using O -the O -device O -she O -gradually O -became O -anxious O -, O -the O -feeling O -worsening O -after O -each O -bolus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diagnosis O -of O -droperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -psychological O -disturbance O -was O -not O -made O -straight O -away O -although O -on O -subsequent O -close O -questioning O -the O -patient O -gave O -a O -very O -clear O -history O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -she O -had O -received O -a O -total O -of O -only O -0 O -. O -9 O -mg O -droperidol B-Chemical -, O -a O -syringe O -containing O -diamorphine B-Chemical -only O -was O -substituted O -and O -her O -unease O -resolved O -completely O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -feel O -that O -, O -although O -the O -dramatic O -extrapyramidal O -side O -effects O -of O -dopaminergic O -antiemetics O -are O -well O -known O -, O -more O -subtle O -manifestations O -may O -easily O -be O -overlooked O -. O - -aps B-category -Accurate O -patient O -history O -contributes O -to O -differentiating O -diabetes O -insipidus O -: O -a O -case O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -study O -highlights O -the O -important O -contribution O -of O -nursing O -in O -obtaining O -an O -accurate O -health O -history O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -case O -discussed O -herein O -initially O -appeared O -to O -be O -neurogenic O -diabetes O -insipidus O -( O -DI O -) O -secondary O -to O -a O -traumatic O -brain O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nursing O -staff O -, O -by O -reviewing O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -health O -history O -with O -his O -family O -, O -discovered O -a O -history O -of O -polydipsia O -and O -long O -- O -standing O -lithium B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -is O -implicated O -in O -drug O -- O -induced O -nephrogenic O -DI O -, O -and O -because O -the O -patient O -had O -not O -received O -lithium B-Chemical -since O -being O -admitted O -to O -the O -hospital O -, O -his O -treatment O -changed O -to O -focus O -on O -nephrogenic O -DI O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -combining O -information O -from O -the O -patient O -history O -, O -the O -physical O -examination O -, O -and O -radiologic O -and O -laboratory O -studies O -, O -the O -critical O -care O -team O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -patient O -had O -been O -self O -- O -treating O -his O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrogenic O -DI O -and O -developed O -neurogenic O -DI O -secondary O -to O -brain O -trauma O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -successful O -treatment O -required O -that O -nephrogenic O -and O -neurogenic O -DI O -be O -treated O -concomitantly O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -contributing O -to O -ribavirin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -AND O -AIM O -: O -Interferon B-Chemical -and O -ribavirin B-Chemical -combination O -therapy O -for O -chronic O -hepatitis O -C O -produces O -hemolytic O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -conducted O -to O -identify O -the O -factors O -contributing O -to O -ribavirin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Eighty O -- O -eight O -patients O -with O -chronic O -hepatitis O -C O -who O -received O -interferon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2b I-Chemical -at O -a O -dose O -of O -6 O -MU O -administered O -intramuscularly O -for O -24 O -weeks O -in O -combination O -with O -ribavirin B-Chemical -administered O -orally O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -600 O -mg O -or O -800 O -mg O -participated O -in O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -hemoglobin O -concentration O -of O -< O -10 O -g O -/ O -dL O -was O -defined O -as O -ribavirin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Ribavirin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -anemia O -occurred O -in O -18 O -( O -20 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -patients O -during O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -2 O -g O -/ O -dL O -decrease O -in O -hemoglobin O -concentrations O -in O -patients O -with O -anemia O -was O -observed O -at O -week O -2 O -after O -the O -start O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hemoglobin O -concentration O -in O -patients O -with O -> O -or O -= O -2 O -g O -/ O -dL O -decrease O -at O -week O -2 O -was O -observed O -to O -be O -significantly O -lower O -even O -after O -week O -2 O -than O -in O -patients O -with O -< O -2 O -g O -/ O -dL O -decrease O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -relationship O -was O -observed O -between O -the O -rate O -of O -reduction O -of O -hemoglobin O -concentrations O -at O -week O -2 O -and O -the O -severity O -of O -anemia O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -factors O -as O -sex O -( O -female O -) O -, O -age O -( O -> O -or O -= O -60 O -years O -old O -) O -, O -and O -the O -ribavirin B-Chemical -dose O -by O -body O -weight O -( O -12 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -or O -more O -) O -were O -significant O -by O -univariate O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Careful O -administration O -is O -necessary O -in O -patients O -> O -or O -= O -60 O -years O -old O -, O -in O -female O -patients O -, O -and O -in O -patients O -receiving O -a O -ribavirin B-Chemical -dose O -of O -12 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -or O -more O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -who O -experience O -a O -fall O -in O -hemoglobin O -concentrations O -of O -2 O -g O -/ O -dL O -or O -more O -at O -week O -2 O -after O -the O -start O -of O -treatment O -should O -be O -monitored O -with O -particular O -care O -. O - -aps B-category -Zidovudine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -acute O -hepatitis O -induced O -by O -zidovudine B-Chemical -in O -a O -38 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -patient O -with O -AIDS O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -whereby O -the O -hepatitis O -was O -induced O -is O -not O -known O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -patient O -tolerated O -well O -an O -alternative O -reverse O -transcriptase O -inhibitor O -, O -2 B-Chemical -' I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -dideoxyinosine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Physicians O -caring O -for O -patients O -with O -AIDS O -should O -be O -aware O -of O -this O -hitherto O -rarely O -reported O -complication O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidative O -damage O -precedes O -nitrative O -damage O -in O -adriamycin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiac O -mitochondrial O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -the O -present O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -if O -elevated O -reactive O -oxygen B-Chemical -( O -ROS O -) O -/ O -nitrogen B-Chemical -species O -( O -RNS O -) O -reported O -to O -be O -present O -in O -adriamycin B-Chemical -( O -ADR B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -actually O -resulted O -in O -cardiomyocyte O -oxidative O -/ O -nitrative O -damage O -, O -and O -to O -quantitatively O -determine O -the O -time O -course O -and O -subcellular O -localization O -of O -these O -postulated O -damage O -products O -using O -an O -in O -vivo O -approach O -. O - -aps B-category -B6C3 O -mice O -were O -treated O -with O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -ADR B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ultrastructural O -damage O -and O -levels O -of O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nonenal I-Chemical -( O -4HNE B-Chemical -) O -- O -protein O -adducts O -and O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrotyrosine I-Chemical -( O -3NT B-Chemical -) O -were O -analyzed O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -ultrastructural O -damage O -using O -computerized O -image O -techniques O -showed O -cardiomyocyte O -injury O -as O -early O -as O -3 O -hours O -, O -with O -mitochondria O -being O -the O -most O -extensively O -and O -progressively O -injured O -subcellular O -organelle O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -4HNE B-Chemical -protein O -adducts O -by O -immunogold O -electron O -microscopy O -showed O -appearance O -of O -4HNE B-Chemical -protein O -adducts O -in O -mitochondria O -as O -early O -as O -3 O -hours O -, O -with O -a O -peak O -at O -6 O -hours O -and O -subsequent O -decline O -at O -24 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -3NT B-Chemical -levels O -were O -significantly O -increased O -in O -all O -subcellular O -compartments O -at O -6 O -hours O -and O -subsequently O -declined O -at O -24 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -data O -showed O -ADR B-Chemical -induced O -4HNE B-Chemical -- O -protein O -adducts O -in O -mitochondria O -at O -the O -same O -time O -point O -as O -when O -mitochondrial O -injury O -initially O -appeared O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -document O -for O -the O -first O -time O -in O -vivo O -that O -mitochondrial O -oxidative O -damage O -precedes O -nitrative O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -progressive O -nature O -of O -mitochondrial O -injury O -suggests O -that O -mitochondria O -, O -not O -other O -subcellular O -organelles O -, O -are O -the O -major O -site O -of O -intracellular O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -Sotalol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -coronary O -spasm O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -dilated O -cardiomyopathy O -associated O -with O -sustained O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -54 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -with O -severe O -left O -ventricular O -dysfunction O -due O -to O -dilated O -cardiomyopathy O -was O -referred O -to O -our O -hospital O -for O -symptomatic O -incessant O -sustained O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -( O -VT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -administration O -of O -nifekalant B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -, O -sustained O -VT O -was O -terminated O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -alternate O -class O -III O -agent O -, O -sotalol B-Chemical -, O -was O -also O -effective O -for O -the O -prevention O -of O -VT O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -one O -month O -after O -switching O -over O -nifekalant B-Chemical -to O -sotalol B-Chemical -, O -a O -short O -duration O -of O -ST O -elevation O -was O -documented O -in O -ECG O -monitoring O -at O -almost O -the O -same O -time O -for O -three O -consecutive O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -ST O -elevation O -with O -chest O -discomfort O -disappeared O -since O -he O -began O -taking O -long O -- O -acting O -diltiazem B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Coronary O -vasospasm O -may O -be O -induced O -by O -the O -non O -- O -selective O -beta O -- O -blocking O -properties O -of O -sotalol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -the O -antidepressant O -trazodone B-Chemical -, O -a O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -2A O -/ O -2C O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -- O -dependent O -behaviors O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -RATIONALE O -: O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -, O -via O -stimulation O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -2C O -receptors O -, O -exerts O -a O -tonic O -inhibitory O -influence O -on O -dopaminergic O -neurotransmission O -, O -whereas O -activation O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -2A O -receptors O -enhances O -stimulated O -DAergic O -neurotransmission O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antidepressant O -trazodone B-Chemical -is O -a O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -2A O -/ O -2C O -receptor O -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -To O -evaluate O -the O -effect O -of O -trazodone B-Chemical -treatment O -on O -behaviors O -dependent O -on O -the O -functional O -status O -of O -the O -nigrostriatal O -DAergic O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -The O -effect O -of O -pretreatment O -with O -trazodone B-Chemical -on O -dexamphetamine B-Chemical -- O -and O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -oral O -stereotypies O -, O -on O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -apomorphine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -05 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -, O -on O -ergometrine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -wet O -dog O -shake O -( O -WDS O -) O -behavior O -and O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -penile O -erections O -was O -studied O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -also O -investigated O -whether O -trazodone B-Chemical -induces O -catalepsy O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Trazodone B-Chemical -at O -2 O -. O -5 O -- O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -did O -not O -induce O -catalepsy O -, O -and O -did O -not O -antagonize O -apomorphine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -and O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -stereotypy O -and O -apomorphine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -05 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -pretreatment O -with O -5 O -, O -10 O -and O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -trazodone B-Chemical -enhanced O -dexamphetamine B-Chemical -stereotypy O -, O -and O -antagonized O -haloperidol B-Chemical -catalepsy O -, O -ergometrine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -WDS O -behavior O -and O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -penile O -erections O -. O - -aps B-category -Trazodone B-Chemical -at O -30 O -, O -40 O -and O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -induced O -catalepsy O -and O -antagonized O -apomorphine B-Chemical -and O -dexamphetamine B-Chemical -stereotypies O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Our O -results O -indicate O -that O -trazodone B-Chemical -at O -2 O -. O -5 O -- O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -does O -not O -block O -pre O -- O -and O -postsynaptic O -striatal O -D2 O -DA O -receptors O -, O -while O -at O -30 O -, O -40 O -and O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -it O -blocks O -postsynaptic O -striatal O -D2 O -DA O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -at O -5 O -, O -10 O -and O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -trazodone B-Chemical -blocks O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -2A O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -2C O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -that O -trazodone B-Chemical -( O -5 O -, O -10 O -and O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -by O -blocking O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -2C O -receptors O -, O -releases O -the O -nigrostriatal O -DAergic O -neurons O -from O -tonic O -inhibition O -caused O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -and O -thereby O -potentiates O -dexamphetamine B-Chemical -stereotypy O -and O -antagonizes O -haloperidol B-Chemical -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Swallowing O -abnormalities O -and O -dyskinesia O -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Gastrointestinal O -abnormalities O -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -( O -PD O -) O -have O -been O -known O -for O -almost O -two O -centuries O -, O -but O -many O -aspects O -concerning O -their O -pathophysiology O -have O -not O -been O -completely O -clarified O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -characterize O -the O -oropharyngeal O -dynamics O -in O -PD O -patients O -with O -and O -without O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifteen O -dyskinetic O -, O -12 O -nondyskinetic O -patients O -, O -and O -a O -control O -group O -were O -included O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -asked O -about O -dysphagia O -and O -evaluated O -with O -the O -Unified O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -Disease O -Rating O -Scale O -Parts O -II O -and O -III O -and O -the O -Hoehn O -and O -Yahr O -scale O -. O - -aps B-category -Deglutition O -was O -assessed O -using O -modified O -barium B-Chemical -swallow O -with O -videofluoroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Nondyskinetic O -patients O -, O -but O -not O -the O -dyskinetic O -ones O -, O -showed O -less O -oropharyngeal O -swallowing O -efficiency O -( O -OPSE O -) O -for O -liquid O -food O -than O -controls O -( O -Dunnett O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Dyskinetic O -patients O -tended O -to O -have O -a O -greater O -OPSE O -than O -nondyskinetic O -( O -Dunnett O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -06 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -who O -were O -using O -a O -higher O -dose O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -had O -a O -greater O -OPSE O -and O -a O -trend O -toward O -a O -smaller O -oral O -transit O -time O -( O -Pearson O -' O -s O -correlation O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -01 O -and O -0 O -. O -08 O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -the O -report O -of O -dysphagia O -nor O -any O -of O -the O -PD O -severity O -parameters O -correlated O -to O -the O -videofluoroscopic O -variables O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -current O -study O -, O -dyskinetic O -patients O -performed O -better O -in O -swallowing O -function O -, O -which O -could O -be O -explained O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -a O -greater O -levodopa B-Chemical -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -suggest O -a O -role O -for O -levodopa B-Chemical -in O -the O -oral O -phase O -of O -deglutition O -and O -confirm O -that O -dysphagia O -is O -not O -a O -good O -predictor O -of O -deglutition O -alterations O -in O -PD O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -nuclear O -factor O -- O -kappaB O -activation O -attenuates O -tubulointerstitial O -nephritis O -induced O -by O -gentamicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Animals O -treated O -with O -gentamicin B-Chemical -can O -show O -residual O -areas O -of O -interstitial O -fibrosis O -in O -the O -renal O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -investigated O -the O -expression O -of O -nuclear O -factor O -- O -kappaB O -( O -NF O -- O -kappaB O -) O -, O -mitogen O -- O -activated O -protein O -( O -MAP O -) O -kinases O -and O -macrophages O -in O -the O -renal O -cortex O -and O -structural O -and O -functional O -renal O -changes O -of O -rats O -treated O -with O -gentamicin B-Chemical -or O -gentamicin B-Chemical -+ O -pyrrolidine B-Chemical -dithiocarbamate I-Chemical -( O -PDTC B-Chemical -) O -, O -an O -NF O -- O -kappaB O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -38 O -female O -Wistar O -rats O -were O -injected O -with O -gentamicin B-Chemical -, O -40 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -twice O -a O -day O -for O -9 O -days O -, O -38 O -with O -gentamicin B-Chemical -+ O -PDTC B-Chemical -, O -and O -28 O -with O -0 O -. O -15 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -animals O -were O -killed O -5 O -and O -30 O -days O -after O -these O -injections O -and O -the O -kidneys O -were O -removed O -for O -histological O -and O -immunohistochemical O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -the O -immunohistochemical O -studies O -were O -scored O -according O -to O -the O -extent O -of O -staining O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fractional O -interstitial O -area O -was O -determined O -by O -morphometry O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Gentamicin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -presented O -a O -transitory O -increase O -in O -plasma O -creatinine B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -ED O -- O -1 O -, O -MAP O -kinases O -and O -NF O -- O -kappaB O -staining O -were O -also O -observed O -in O -the O -renal O -cortex O -from O -all O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -compared O -to O -control O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -animals O -killed O -on O -day O -30 O -also O -presented O -fibrosis O -in O -the O -renal O -cortex O -despite O -the O -recovery O -of O -renal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -PDTC B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -functional O -and O -structural O -changes O -induced O -by O -gentamicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -These O -data O -show O -that O -inhibition O -of O -NF O -- O -kappaB O -activation O -attenuates O -tubulointerstitial O -nephritis O -induced O -by O -gentamicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -patients O -with O -schizophrenia O -treated O -with O -atypical O -antipsychotic O -agents O -: O -a O -frequently O -sampled O -intravenous O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -test O -and O -minimal O -model O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -While O -the O -incidence O -of O -new O -- O -onset O -diabetes O -mellitus O -may O -be O -increasing O -in O -patients O -with O -schizophrenia O -treated O -with O -certain O -atypical O -antipsychotic O -agents O -, O -it O -remains O -unclear O -whether O -atypical O -agents O -are O -directly O -affecting O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -or O -simply O -increasing O -known O -risk O -factors O -for O -diabetes O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -study O -the O -2 O -drugs O -most O -clearly O -implicated O -( O -clozapine B-Chemical -and O -olanzapine B-Chemical -) O -and O -risperidone B-Chemical -using O -a O -frequently O -sampled O -intravenous O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -A O -cross O -- O -sectional O -design O -in O -stable O -, O -treated O -patients O -with O -schizophrenia O -evaluated O -using O -a O -frequently O -sampled O -intravenous O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -test O -and O -the O -Bergman O -minimal O -model O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -SETTING O -: O -Subjects O -were O -recruited O -from O -an O -urban O -community O -mental O -health O -clinic O -and O -were O -studied O -at O -a O -general O -clinical O -research O -center O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -Fifty O -subjects O -signed O -informed O -consent O -and O -41 O -underwent O -the O -frequently O -sampled O -intravenous O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -six O -nonobese O -subjects O -with O -schizophrenia O -or O -schizoaffective O -disorder O -, O -matched O -by O -body O -mass O -index O -and O -treated O -with O -either O -clozapine B-Chemical -, O -olanzapine B-Chemical -, O -or O -risperidone B-Chemical -, O -were O -included O -in O -the O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -MAIN O -OUTCOME O -MEASURES O -: O -Fasting O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -fasting O -serum O -insulin O -levels O -, O -insulin O -sensitivity O -index O -, O -homeostasis O -model O -assessment O -of O -insulin O -resistance O -, O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -effectiveness O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -duration O -of O -treatment O -with O -the O -identified O -atypical O -antipsychotic O -agent O -was O -68 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -28 O -. O -9 O -months O -( O -clozapine B-Chemical -) O -, O -29 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -17 O -. O -5 O -months O -( O -olanzapine B-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -40 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -33 O -. O -7 O -( O -risperidone B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Fasting O -serum O -insulin O -concentrations O -differed O -among O -groups O -( O -F O -( O -33 O -) O -= O -3 O -. O -35 O -; O -P O -= O -. O -047 O -) O -( O -clozapine B-Chemical -> O -olanzapine B-Chemical -> O -risperidone B-Chemical -) O -with O -significant O -differences O -between O -clozapine B-Chemical -and O -risperidone B-Chemical -( O -t O -( O -33 O -) O -= O -2 O -. O -32 O -; O -P O -= O -. O -03 O -) O -and O -olanzapine B-Chemical -and O -risperidone B-Chemical -( O -t O -( O -33 O -) O -= O -2 O -. O -15 O -; O -P O -= O -. O -04 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -significant O -difference O -in O -insulin O -sensitivity O -index O -among O -groups O -( O -F O -( O -33 O -) O -= O -10 O -. O -66 O -; O -P O -< O -. O -001 O -) O -( O -clozapine B-Chemical -< O -olanzapine B-Chemical -< O -risperidone B-Chemical -) O -, O -with O -subjects O -who O -received O -clozapine B-Chemical -and O -olanzapine B-Chemical -exhibiting O -significant O -insulin O -resistance O -compared O -with O -subjects O -who O -were O -treated O -with O -risperidone B-Chemical -( O -clozapine B-Chemical -vs O -risperidone B-Chemical -, O -t O -( O -33 O -) O -= O -- O -4 O -. O -29 O -; O -P O -< O -. O -001 O -; O -olanzapine B-Chemical -vs O -risperidone B-Chemical -, O -t O -( O -33 O -) O -= O -- O -3 O -. O -62 O -; O -P O -= O -. O -001 O -[ O -P O -< O -. O -001 O -] O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -homeostasis O -model O -assessment O -of O -insulin O -resistance O -also O -differed O -significantly O -among O -groups O -( O -F O -( O -33 O -) O -= O -4 O -. O -92 O -; O -P O -= O -. O -01 O -) O -( O -clozapine B-Chemical -> O -olanzapine B-Chemical -> O -risperidone B-Chemical -) O -( O -clozapine B-Chemical -vs O -risperidone B-Chemical -, O -t O -( O -33 O -) O -= O -2 O -. O -94 O -; O -P O -= O -. O -006 O -; O -olanzapine B-Chemical -vs O -risperidone B-Chemical -, O -t O -( O -33 O -) O -= O -2 O -. O -42 O -; O -P O -= O -. O -02 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -significant O -difference O -among O -groups O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -effectiveness O -( O -F O -( O -30 O -) O -= O -4 O -. O -18 O -; O -P O -= O -. O -02 O -) O -( O -clozapine B-Chemical -< O -olanzapine B-Chemical -< O -risperidone B-Chemical -) O -with O -significant O -differences O -between O -clozapine B-Chemical -and O -risperidone B-Chemical -( O -t O -( O -30 O -) O -= O -- O -2 O -. O -59 O -; O -P O -= O -. O -02 O -) O -and O -olanzapine B-Chemical -and O -risperidone B-Chemical -( O -t O -( O -30 O -) O -= O -- O -2 O -. O -34 O -, O -P O -= O -. O -03 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Both O -nonobese O -clozapine B-Chemical -- O -and O -olanzapine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -groups O -displayed O -significant O -insulin O -resistance O -and O -impairment O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -effectiveness O -compared O -with O -risperidone B-Chemical -- O -treated O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -taking O -clozapine B-Chemical -and O -olanzapine B-Chemical -must O -be O -examined O -for O -insulin O -resistance O -and O -its O -consequences O -. O - -aps B-category -Thoracic O -hematomyelia O -secondary O -to O -coumadin B-Chemical -anticoagulant O -therapy O -: O -a O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -thoracic O -hematomyelia O -secondary O -to O -anticoagulant O -therapy O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -features O -, O -similar O -to O -2 O -other O -previously O -reported O -cases O -, O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -high O -index O -of O -suspicion O -may O -lead O -to O -a O -quick O -diagnostic O -procedure O -and O -successful O -decompressive O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -Mania O -associated O -with O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -adolescents O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluoxetine B-Chemical -, O -a O -selective O -serotonin B-Chemical -reuptake O -inhibitor O -, O -is O -gaining O -increased O -acceptance O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -adolescent O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -Generally O -safe O -and O -well O -tolerated O -by O -adults O -, O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -has O -been O -reported O -to O -induce O -mania O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cases O -of O -five O -depressed O -adolescents O -, O -14 O -- O -16 O -years O -of O -age O -, O -who O -developed O -mania O -during O -pharmacotherapy O -with O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -, O -are O -reported O -here O -. O - -aps B-category -Apparent O -risk O -factors O -for O -the O -development O -of O -mania O -or O -hypomania O -during O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -pharmacotherapy O -in O -this O -population O -were O -the O -combination O -of O -attention O -- O -deficit O -hyperactivity O -disorder O -and O -affective O -instability O -; O -major O -depression O -with O -psychotic O -features O -; O -a O -family O -history O -of O -affective O -disorder O -, O -especially O -bipolar O -disorder O -; O -and O -a O -diagnosis O -of O -bipolar O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -study O -is O -needed O -to O -determine O -the O -optimal O -dosage O -and O -to O -identify O -risk O -factors O -that O -increase O -individual O -vulnerability O -to O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -induced O -mania O -in O -adolescents O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -renal O -insufficiency O -after O -high O -- O -dose O -melphalan B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -primary O -systemic O -amyloidosis O -during O -stem O -cell O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Patients O -with O -primary O -systemic O -amyloidosis O -( O -AL O -) O -have O -a O -poor O -prognosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Median O -survival O -time O -from O -standard O -treatments O -is O -only O -17 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -- O -dose O -intravenous O -melphalan B-Chemical -followed O -by O -peripheral O -blood O -stem O -cell O -transplant O -( O -PBSCT O -) O -appears O -to O -be O -the O -most O -promising O -therapy O -, O -but O -treatment O -mortality O -can O -be O -high O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -have O -noted O -the O -development O -of O -acute O -renal O -insufficiency O -immediately O -after O -melphalan B-Chemical -conditioning O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -undertaken O -to O -further O -examine O -its O -risk O -factors O -and O -impact O -on O -posttransplant O -mortality O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Consecutive O -AL O -patients O -who O -underwent O -PBSCT O -were O -studied O -retrospectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -renal O -insufficiency O -( O -ARI O -) O -after O -high O -- O -dose O -melphalan B-Chemical -was O -defined O -by O -a O -minimum O -increase O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -( O -44 O -micromol O -/ O -L O -) O -in O -the O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -level O -that O -is O -greater O -than O -50 O -% O -of O -baseline O -immediately O -after O -conditioning O -. O - -aps B-category -Urine O -sediment O -score O -was O -the O -sum O -of O -the O -individual O -types O -of O -sediment O -identified O -on O -urine O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Of O -the O -80 O -patients O -studied O -, O -ARI O -developed O -in O -18 O -. O -8 O -% O -of O -the O -patients O -after O -high O -- O -dose O -melphalan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Univariate O -analysis O -identified O -age O -, O -hypoalbuminemia O -, O -heavy O -proteinuria O -, O -diuretic O -use O -, O -and O -urine O -sediment O -score O -( O -> O -3 O -) O -as O -risk O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -Age O -and O -urine O -sediment O -score O -remained O -independently O -significant O -risk O -factors O -in O -the O -multivariate O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -who O -had O -ARI O -after O -high O -- O -dose O -melphalan B-Chemical -underwent O -dialysis O -more O -often O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -007 O -) O -, O -and O -had O -a O -worse O -1 O -- O -year O -survival O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -03 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -The O -timing O -of O -renal O -injury O -strongly O -suggests O -melphalan B-Chemical -as O -the O -causative O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Ongoing O -tubular O -injury O -may O -be O -a O -prerequisite O -for O -renal O -injury O -by O -melphalan B-Chemical -as O -evidenced O -by O -the O -active O -urinary O -sediment O -. O - -aps B-category -Development O -of O -ARI O -adversely O -affected O -the O -outcome O -after O -PBSCT O -. O - -aps B-category -Effective O -preventive O -measures O -may O -help O -decrease O -the O -treatment O -mortality O -of O -PBSCT O -in O -AL O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Focal O -cerebral O -ischemia O -in O -rats O -: O -effect O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -during O -reperfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -180 O -min O -of O -temporary O -middle O -cerebral O -artery O -occlusion O -in O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -on O -ischemic O -brain O -injury O -and O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -permeability O -was O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -pressure O -was O -manipulated O -by O -one O -of O -the O -following O -schedules O -during O -120 O -min O -of O -reperfusion O -: O -Control O -, O -normotensive O -reperfusion O -; O -90 O -/ O -hypertension O -( O -90 O -/ O -HTN O -) O -, O -blood O -pressure O -was O -increased O -by O -35 O -mm O -Hg O -during O -the O -initial O -90 O -min O -of O -reperfusion O -only O -; O -15 O -/ O -hypertension O -( O -15 O -/ O -HTN O -) O -, O -normotensive O -reperfusion O -for O -30 O -min O -followed O -by O -15 O -min O -of O -hypertension O -and O -75 O -min O -of O -normotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Part O -A O -, O -for O -eight O -rats O -in O -each O -group O -brain O -injury O -was O -evaluated O -by O -staining O -tissue O -using O -2 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triphenyltetrazolium I-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -and O -edema O -was O -evaluated O -by O -microgravimetry O -. O - -aps B-category -Part O -B O -, O -for O -eight O -different O -rats O -in O -each O -group O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -permeability O -was O -evaluated O -by O -measuring O -the O -amount O -and O -extent O -of O -extravasation O -of O -Evans O -Blue O -dye O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -injury O -( O -percentage O -of O -the O -ischemic O -hemisphere O -) O -was O -less O -in O -the O -15 O -/ O -HTN O -group O -( O -16 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -, O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -) O -versus O -the O -90 O -/ O -HTN O -group O -( O -30 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -) O -, O -which O -was O -in O -turn O -less O -than O -the O -control O -group O -( O -42 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -gravity O -was O -greater O -in O -the O -15 O -/ O -HTN O -group O -( O -1 O -. O -043 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -002 O -) O -versus O -the O -90 O -/ O -HTN O -( O -1 O -. O -036 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -003 O -) O -and O -control O -( O -1 O -. O -037 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -003 O -) O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Evans B-Chemical -Blue I-Chemical -( O -mug O -g O -- O -1 O -of O -brain O -tissue O -) O -was O -greater O -in O -the O -90 O -/ O -HTN O -group O -( O -24 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -. O -0 O -) O -versus O -the O -control O -group O -( O -12 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -1 O -) O -, O -which O -was O -in O -turn O -greater O -than O -the O -15 O -/ O -HTN O -group O -( O -7 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -supports O -a O -hypothesis O -that O -during O -reperfusion O -, O -a O -short O -interval O -of O -hypertension O -decreases O -brain O -injury O -and O -edema O -; O -and O -that O -sustained O -hypertension O -increases O -the O -risk O -of O -vasogenic O -edema O -. O - -aps B-category -People O -aged O -over O -75 O -in O -atrial O -fibrillation O -on O -warfarin B-Chemical -: O -the O -rate O -of O -major O -hemorrhage O -and O -stroke O -in O -more O -than O -500 O -patient O -- O -years O -of O -follow O -- O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -To O -determine O -the O -incidence O -of O -major O -hemorrhage O -and O -stroke O -in O -people O -aged O -76 O -and O -older O -with O -atrial O -fibrillation O -on O -adjusted O -- O -dose O -warfarin B-Chemical -who O -had O -been O -recently O -been O -admitted O -to O -hospital O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -A O -retrospective O -observational O -cohort O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -SETTING O -: O -A O -major O -healthcare O -network O -involving O -four O -tertiary O -hospitals O -. O - -aps B-category -PARTICIPANTS O -: O -Two O -hundred O -thirty O -- O -five O -patients O -aged O -76 O -and O -older O -admitted O -to O -a O -major O -healthcare O -network O -between O -July O -1 O -, O -2001 O -, O -and O -June O -30 O -, O -2002 O -, O -with O -atrial O -fibrillation O -on O -warfarin B-Chemical -were O -enrolled O -. O - -aps B-category -MEASUREMENTS O -: O -Information O -regarding O -major O -bleeding O -episodes O -, O -strokes O -, O -and O -warfarin B-Chemical -use O -was O -obtained O -from O -patients O -, O -relatives O -, O -primary O -physicians O -, O -and O -medical O -records O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Two O -hundred O -twenty O -- O -eight O -patients O -( O -42 O -% O -men O -) O -with O -a O -mean O -age O -of O -81 O -. O -1 O -( O -range O -76 O -- O -94 O -) O -were O -included O -in O -the O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -follow O -- O -up O -on O -warfarin B-Chemical -was O -530 O -years O -( O -mean O -28 O -months O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -53 O -major O -hemorrhages O -, O -for O -an O -annual O -rate O -of O -10 O -. O -0 O -% O -, O -including O -24 O -( O -45 O -. O -3 O -% O -) O -life O -- O -threatening O -and O -five O -( O -9 O -. O -4 O -% O -) O -fatal O -bleeds O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -annual O -stroke O -rate O -after O -initiation O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -was O -2 O -. O -6 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -The O -rate O -of O -major O -hemorrhage O -was O -high O -in O -this O -old O -, O -frail O -group O -, O -but O -excluding O -fatalities O -, O -resulted O -in O -no O -long O -- O -term O -sequelae O -, O -and O -the O -stroke O -rate O -on O -warfarin B-Chemical -was O -low O -, O -demonstrating O -how O -effective O -warfarin B-Chemical -treatment O -is O -. O - -aps B-category -Safety O -of O -celecoxib B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -adverse O -skin O -reactions O -to O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -( O -paracetamol B-Chemical -) O -and O -nimesulide B-Chemical -associated O -or O -not O -with O -common O -non O -- O -steroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Acetaminophen B-Chemical -( O -paracetamol B-Chemical -- O -- O -P B-Chemical -) O -and O -Nimesulide B-Chemical -( O -N B-Chemical -) O -are O -widely O -used O -analgesic O -- O -antipyretic O -/ O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -adverse O -hypersensitivity O -reactions O -to O -these O -agents O -is O -generally O -low O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -contrary O -non O -- O -steroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drugs O -( O -NSAIDs O -) O -are O -commonly O -involved O -in O -such O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Celecoxib B-Chemical -( O -CE B-Chemical -) O -is O -a O -novel O -drug O -, O -with O -high O -selectivity O -and O -affinity O -for O -COX O -- O -2 O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -We O -evaluated O -the O -tolerability O -of O -CE B-Chemical -in O -a O -group O -of O -patients O -with O -documented O -history O -of O -adverse O -cutaneous O -reactions O -to O -P B-Chemical -and O -N B-Chemical -associated O -or O -not O -to O -classic O -NSAIDs O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -studied O -9 O -patients O -with O -hypersensitivity O -to O -P B-Chemical -and O -N B-Chemical -with O -or O -without O -associated O -reactions O -to O -classic O -NSAIDs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diagnosis O -of O -P B-Chemical -and O -N B-Chemical -- O -induced O -skin O -reactions O -was O -based O -in O -vivo O -challenge O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -placebo O -was O -blindly O -administered O -at O -the O -beginning O -of O -each O -challenge O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -three O -days O -, O -a O -cumulative O -dosage O -of O -200 O -mg O -of O -CE B-Chemical -in O -refracted O -doses O -were O -given O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -2 O -- O -3 O -days O -, O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -200 O -mg O -was O -administered O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -were O -observed O -for O -6 O -hours O -after O -each O -challenge O -, O -and O -controlled O -again O -after O -24 O -hours O -to O -exclude O -delayed O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -challenge O -was O -considered O -positive O -if O -one O -or O -more O -of O -the O -following O -appeared O -: O -erythema O -, O -rush O -or O -urticaria O -- O -angioedema O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -No O -reaction O -was O -observed O -with O -placebo O -and O -eight O -patients O -( O -88 O -. O -8 O -% O -) O -tolerated O -CE B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -one O -patient O -developed O -a O -moderate O -angioedema O -of O -the O -lips O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Only O -one O -hypersensitivity O -reaction O -to O -CE B-Chemical -was O -documented O -among O -9 O -P B-Chemical -and O -N B-Chemical -- O -highly O -NSAIDs O -intolerant O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -we O -conclude O -that O -CE B-Chemical -is O -a O -reasonably O -safe O -alternative O -to O -be O -used O -in O -subjects O -who O -do O -not O -tolerate O -P B-Chemical -and O -N B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Case O -- O -control O -study O -of O -regular O -analgesic O -and O -nonsteroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -use O -and O -end O -- O -stage O -renal O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Studies O -on O -the O -association O -between O -the O -long O -- O -term O -use O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -and O -other O -analgesic O -and O -nonsteroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drugs O -( O -NSAIDs O -) O -and O -end O -- O -stage O -renal O -disease O -( O -ESRD O -) O -have O -given O -conflicting O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -examine O -this O -association O -, O -a O -case O -- O -control O -study O -with O -incident O -cases O -of O -ESRD O -was O -carried O -out O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -The O -cases O -were O -all O -patients O -entering O -the O -local O -dialysis O -program O -because O -of O -ESRD O -in O -the O -study O -area O -between O -June O -1 O -, O -1995 O -and O -November O -30 O -, O -1997 O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -were O -classified O -according O -to O -the O -underlying O -disease O -, O -which O -had O -presumably O -led O -them O -to O -ESRD O -. O - -aps B-category -Controls O -were O -patients O -admitted O -to O -the O -same O -hospitals O -from O -where O -the O -cases O -arose O -, O -also O -matched O -by O -age O -and O -sex O -. O - -aps B-category -Odds O -ratios O -were O -calculated O -using O -a O -conditional O -logistic O -model O -, O -including O -potential O -confounding O -factors O -, O -both O -for O -the O -whole O -study O -population O -and O -for O -the O -various O -underlying O -diseases O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Five O -hundred O -and O -eighty O -- O -three O -cases O -and O -1190 O -controls O -were O -included O -in O -the O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -use O -of O -any O -analgesic O -was O -associated O -with O -an O -overall O -odds O -ratio O -of O -1 O -. O -22 O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -0 O -. O -89 O -- O -1 O -. O -66 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -specific O -groups O -of O -drugs O -, O -the O -risks O -were O -1 O -. O -56 O -( O -1 O -. O -05 O -- O -2 O -. O -30 O -) O -for O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -1 O -. O -03 O -( O -0 O -. O -60 O -- O -1 O -. O -76 O -) O -for O -pyrazolones B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -80 O -( O -0 O -. O -39 O -- O -1 O -. O -63 O -) O -for O -paracetamol B-Chemical -, O -and O -0 O -. O -94 O -( O -0 O -. O -57 O -- O -1 O -. O -56 O -) O -for O -nonaspirin O -NSAIDs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -risk O -of O -ESRD O -associated O -with O -aspirin B-Chemical -was O -related O -to O -the O -cumulated O -dose O -and O -duration O -of O -use O -, O -and O -it O -was O -particularly O -high O -among O -the O -subset O -of O -patients O -with O -vascular O -nephropathy O -as O -underlying O -disease O -[ O -2 O -. O -35 O -( O -1 O -. O -17 O -- O -4 O -. O -72 O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Our O -data O -indicate O -that O -long O -- O -term O -use O -of O -nonaspirin O -analgesic O -drugs O -and O -NSAIDs O -is O -not O -associated O -with O -an O -increased O -risk O -of O -ESRD O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -chronic O -use O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -may O -increase O -the O -risk O -of O -ESRD O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -cases O -of O -amisulpride B-Chemical -overdose O -: O -a O -cause O -for O -prolonged O -QT O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -cases O -of O -deliberate O -self O -- O -poisoning O -with O -5 O -g O -and O -3 O -. O -6 O -g O -of O -amisulpride B-Chemical -, O -respectively O -, O -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -cases O -, O -QT O -prolongation O -and O -hypocalcaemia O -were O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -QT O -prolongation O -appeared O -to O -respond O -to O -administration O -of O -i O -. O -v O -. O -calcium B-Chemical -gluconate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Growth O -- O -associated O -protein O -43 O -expression O -in O -hippocampal O -molecular O -layer O -of O -chronic O -epileptic O -rats O -treated O -with O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -GAP43 O -has O -been O -thought O -to O -be O -linked O -with O -mossy O -fiber O -sprouting O -( O -MFS O -) O -in O -various O -experimental O -models O -of O -epilepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -investigate O -how O -GAP43 O -expression O -( O -GAP43 O -- O -ir O -) O -correlates O -with O -MFS O -, O -we O -assessed O -the O -intensity O -( O -densitometry O -) O -and O -extension O -( O -width O -) O -of O -GAP43 O -- O -ir O -in O -the O -inner O -molecular O -layer O -of O -the O -dentate O -gyrus O -( O -IML O -) O -of O -rats O -subject O -to O -status O -epilepticus O -induced O -by O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -( O -Pilo B-Chemical -) O -, O -previously O -injected O -or O -not O -with O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -( O -CHX B-Chemical -) O -, O -which O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -inhibit O -MFS O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -CHX B-Chemical -was O -injected O -before O -the O -Pilo B-Chemical -injection O -in O -adult O -Wistar O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Pilo B-Chemical -group O -was O -injected O -with O -the O -same O -drugs O -, O -except O -for O -CHX B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -were O -killed O -between O -30 O -and O -60 O -days O -later O -, O -and O -brain O -sections O -were O -processed O -for O -GAP43 O -immunohistochemistry O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Densitometry O -showed O -no O -significant O -difference O -regarding O -GAP43 O -- O -ir O -in O -the O -IML O -between O -Pilo B-Chemical -, O -CHX B-Chemical -+ O -Pilo B-Chemical -, O -and O -control O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -results O -of O -the O -width O -of O -the O -GAP43 O -- O -ir O -band O -in O -the O -IML O -showed O -that O -CHX B-Chemical -+ O -Pilo B-Chemical -and O -control O -animals O -had O -a O -significantly O -larger O -band O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -03 O -) O -as O -compared O -with O -that O -in O -the O -Pilo B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Our O -current O -finding O -that O -animals O -in O -the O -CHX B-Chemical -+ O -Pilo B-Chemical -group O -have O -a O -GAP43 O -- O -ir O -band O -in O -the O -IML O -, O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -controls O -, O -reinforces O -prior O -data O -on O -the O -blockade O -of O -MFS O -in O -these O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -change O -in O -GAP43 O -- O -ir O -present O -in O -Pilo B-Chemical -- O -treated O -animals O -was O -a O -thinning O -of O -the O -band O -to O -a O -very O -narrow O -layer O -just O -above O -the O -granule O -cell O -layer O -that O -is O -likely O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -the O -loss O -of O -hilar O -cell O -projections O -that O -express O -GAP O -- O -43 O -. O - -aps B-category -Nicotine B-Chemical -antagonizes O -caffeine B-Chemical -- O -but O -not O -pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -anxiogenic O -effect O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -RATIONALE O -: O -Nicotine B-Chemical -and O -caffeine B-Chemical -are O -widely O -consumed O -licit O -psychoactive O -drugs O -worldwide O -. O - -aps B-category -Epidemiological O -studies O -showed O -that O -they O -were O -generally O -used O -concurrently O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -some O -studies O -in O -experimental O -animals O -indicate O -clear O -pharmacological O -interactions O -between O -them O -, O -no O -studies O -have O -shown O -a O -specific O -interaction O -on O -anxiety O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -The O -present O -study O -investigates O -the O -effects O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -on O -anxiety O -induced O -by O -caffeine B-Chemical -and O -another O -anxiogenic O -drug O -, O -pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical -, O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -elevated O -plus O -- O -maze O -( O -EPM O -) O -test O -was O -used O -to O -evaluate O -the O -effects O -of O -drugs O -on O -anxiety O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Adult O -male O -Swiss O -Webster O -mice O -( O -25 O -- O -32 O -g O -) O -were O -given O -nicotine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -05 O -- O -0 O -. O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -or O -saline O -10 O -min O -before O -caffeine B-Chemical -( O -70 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -or O -pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical -( O -15 O -and O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -injections O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -15 O -min O -, O -mice O -were O -evaluated O -for O -their O -open O -- O -and O -closed O -- O -arm O -time O -and O -entries O -on O -the O -EPM O -for O -a O -10 O -- O -min O -session O -. O - -aps B-category -Locomotor O -activity O -was O -recorded O -for O -individual O -groups O -by O -using O -the O -same O -treatment O -protocol O -with O -the O -EPM O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Nicotine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -05 O -- O -0 O -. O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -itself O -did O -not O -produce O -any O -significant O -effect O -in O -the O -EPM O -test O -, O -whereas O -caffeine B-Chemical -( O -70 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical -( O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -produced O -an O -anxiogenic O -effect O -, O -apparent O -with O -decreases O -in O -open O -- O -arm O -time O -and O -entry O -. O - -aps B-category -Nicotine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -pretreatment O -blocked O -the O -caffeine B-Chemical -- O -but O -not O -pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -anxiety O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -each O -drug O -and O -their O -combinations O -did O -not O -produce O -any O -effect O -on O -locomotor O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Our O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -antagonistic O -effect O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -on O -caffeine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -anxiety O -is O -specific O -to O -caffeine B-Chemical -, O -instead O -of O -a O -non O -- O -specific O -anxiolytic O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -it O -may O -extend O -the O -current O -findings O -on O -the O -interaction O -between O -nicotine B-Chemical -and O -caffeine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -term O -hormone O -therapy O -for O -perimenopausal O -and O -postmenopausal O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Hormone O -therapy O -( O -HT O -) O -is O -widely O -used O -for O -controlling O -menopausal O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -also O -been O -used O -for O -the O -management O -and O -prevention O -of O -cardiovascular O -disease O -, O -osteoporosis O -and O -dementia O -in O -older O -women O -but O -the O -evidence O -supporting O -its O -use O -for O -these O -indications O -is O -largely O -observational O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -To O -assess O -the O -effect O -of O -long O -- O -term O -HT O -on O -mortality O -, O -heart O -disease O -, O -venous O -thromboembolism O -, O -stroke O -, O -transient O -ischaemic O -attacks O -, O -breast O -cancer O -, O -colorectal O -cancer O -, O -ovarian O -cancer O -, O -endometrial O -cancer O -, O -gallbladder O -disease O -, O -cognitive O -function O -, O -dementia O -, O -fractures O -and O -quality O -of O -life O -. O - -aps B-category -SEARCH O -STRATEGY O -: O -We O -searched O -the O -following O -databases O -up O -to O -November O -2004 O -: O -the O -Cochrane O -Menstrual O -Disorders O -and O -Subfertility O -Group O -Trials O -Register O -, O -Cochrane O -Central O -Register O -of O -Controlled O -Trials O -( O -CENTRAL O -) O -, O -MEDLINE O -, O -EMBASE O -, O -Biological O -Abstracts O -. O - -aps B-category -Relevant O -non O -- O -indexed O -journals O -and O -conference O -abstracts O -were O -also O -searched O -. O - -aps B-category -SELECTION O -CRITERIA O -: O -Randomised O -double O -- O -blind O -trials O -of O -HT O -( O -oestrogens B-Chemical -with O -or O -without O -progestogens B-Chemical -) O -versus O -placebo O -, O -taken O -for O -at O -least O -one O -year O -by O -perimenopausal O -or O -postmenopausal O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -DATA O -COLLECTION O -AND O -ANALYSIS O -: O -Fifteen O -RCTs O -were O -included O -. O - -aps B-category -Trials O -were O -assessed O -for O -quality O -and O -two O -review O -authors O -extracted O -data O -independently O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -calculated O -risk O -ratios O -for O -dichotomous O -outcomes O -and O -weighted O -mean O -differences O -for O -continuous O -outcomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -heterogeneity O -precluded O -meta O -- O -analysis O -for O -most O -outcomes O -. O - -aps B-category -MAIN O -RESULTS O -: O -All O -the O -statistically O -significant O -results O -were O -derived O -from O -the O -two O -biggest O -trials O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -relatively O -healthy O -women O -, O -combined O -continuous O -HT O -significantly O -increased O -the O -risk O -of O -venous O -thromboembolism O -or O -coronary O -event O -( O -after O -one O -year O -' O -s O -use O -) O -, O -stroke O -( O -after O -3 O -years O -) O -, O -breast O -cancer O -( O -after O -5 O -years O -) O -and O -gallbladder O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -oestrogen B-Chemical -- O -only O -HT O -also O -significantly O -increased O -the O -risk O -of O -stroke O -and O -gallbladder O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Overall O -, O -the O -only O -statistically O -significant O -benefits O -of O -HT O -were O -a O -decreased O -incidence O -of O -fractures O -and O -colon O -cancer O -with O -long O -- O -term O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -relatively O -healthy O -women O -over O -65 O -years O -taking O -continuous O -combined O -HT O -, O -there O -was O -a O -statistically O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -incidence O -of O -dementia O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -women O -with O -cardiovascular O -disease O -, O -long O -- O -term O -use O -of O -combined O -continuous O -HT O -significantly O -increased O -the O -risk O -of O -venous O -thromboembolism O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -trials O -focussed O -specifically O -on O -younger O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -one O -trial O -analysed O -subgroups O -of O -2839 O -relatively O -healthy O -50 O -to O -59 O -year O -- O -old O -women O -taking O -combined O -continuous O -HT O -and O -1637 O -taking O -oestrogen B-Chemical -- O -only O -HT O -, O -versus O -similar O -- O -sized O -placebo O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -only O -significantly O -increased O -risk O -reported O -was O -for O -venous O -thromboembolism O -in O -women O -taking O -combined O -continuous O -HT O -; O -their O -absolute O -risk O -remained O -very O -low O -. O - -aps B-category -AUTHORS O -' O -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -HT O -is O -not O -indicated O -for O -the O -routine O -management O -of O -chronic O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -need O -more O -evidence O -on O -the O -safety O -of O -HT O -for O -menopausal O -symptom O -control O -, O -though O -short O -- O -term O -use O -appears O -to O -be O -relatively O -safe O -for O -healthy O -younger O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -- O -induced O -liver O -injury O -: O -an O -analysis O -of O -461 O -incidences O -submitted O -to O -the O -Spanish O -registry O -over O -a O -10 O -- O -year O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -& O -AIMS O -: O -Progress O -in O -the O -understanding O -of O -susceptibility O -factors O -to O -drug O -- O -induced O -liver O -injury O -( O -DILI O -) O -and O -outcome O -predictability O -are O -hampered O -by O -the O -lack O -of O -systematic O -programs O -to O -detect O -bona O -fide O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -A O -cooperative O -network O -was O -created O -in O -1994 O -in O -Spain O -to O -identify O -all O -suspicions O -of O -DILI O -following O -a O -prospective O -structured O -report O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -liver O -damage O -was O -characterized O -according O -to O -hepatocellular O -, O -cholestatic O -, O -and O -mixed O -laboratory O -criteria O -and O -to O -histologic O -criteria O -when O -available O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -evaluation O -of O -causality O -assessment O -was O -centrally O -performed O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Since O -April O -1994 O -to O -August O -2004 O -, O -461 O -out O -of O -570 O -submitted O -cases O -, O -involving O -505 O -drugs O -, O -were O -deemed O -to O -be O -related O -to O -DILI O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antiinfective O -group O -of O -drugs O -was O -the O -more O -frequently O -incriminated O -, O -amoxicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -clavulanate I-Chemical -accounting O -for O -the O -12 O -. O -8 O -% O -of O -the O -whole O -series O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hepatocellular O -pattern O -of O -damage O -was O -the O -most O -common O -( O -58 O -% O -) O -, O -was O -inversely O -correlated O -with O -age O -( O -P O -< O -. O -0001 O -) O -, O -and O -had O -the O -worst O -outcome O -( O -Cox O -regression O -, O -P O -< O -. O -034 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Indeed O -, O -the O -incidence O -of O -liver O -transplantation O -and O -death O -in O -this O -group O -was O -11 O -. O -7 O -% O -if O -patients O -had O -jaundice O -at O -presentation O -, O -whereas O -the O -corresponding O -figure O -was O -3 O -. O -8 O -% O -in O -nonjaundiced O -patients O -( O -P O -< O -. O -04 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -associated O -with O -the O -development O -of O -fulminant O -hepatic O -failure O -were O -female O -sex O -( O -OR O -= O -25 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -: O -4 O -. O -1 O -- O -151 O -; O -P O -< O -. O -0001 O -) O -, O -hepatocellular O -damage O -( O -OR O -= O -7 O -. O -9 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -: O -1 O -. O -6 O -- O -37 O -; O -P O -< O -. O -009 O -) O -, O -and O -higher O -baseline O -plasma O -bilirubin B-Chemical -value O -( O -OR O -= O -1 O -. O -15 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -: O -1 O -. O -09 O -- O -1 O -. O -22 O -; O -P O -< O -. O -0001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Patients O -with O -drug O -- O -induced O -hepatocellular O -jaundice O -have O -11 O -. O -7 O -% O -chance O -of O -progressing O -to O -death O -or O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -Amoxicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -clavulanate I-Chemical -stands O -out O -as O -the O -most O -common O -drug O -related O -to O -DILI O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphological O -evaluation O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ribose I-Chemical -on O -adriamycin B-Chemical -- O -evoked O -cardiotoxicity O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ribose I-Chemical -on O -adriamycin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardiopathy O -in O -rats O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Adriamycin B-Chemical -in O -the O -cumulative O -dose O -of O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -evoked O -fully O -developed O -cardiac O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ribose I-Chemical -in O -the O -multiple O -doses O -of O -200 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -did O -not O -influence O -ADR B-Chemical -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -evidences O -suggesting O -the O -role O -of O -oxidative O -stress O -in O -pathogenesis O -of O -vancomycin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrotoxicity O -: O -protection O -by O -erdosteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aims O -of O -this O -study O -were O -to O -examine O -vancomycin B-Chemical -( O -VCM B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -oxidative O -stress O -that O -promotes O -production O -of O -reactive O -oxygen B-Chemical -species O -( O -ROS O -) O -and O -to O -investigate O -the O -role O -of O -erdosteine B-Chemical -, O -an O -expectorant O -agent O -, O -which O -has O -also O -antioxidant O -properties O -, O -on O -kidney O -tissue O -against O -the O -possible O -VCM B-Chemical -- O -induced O -renal O -impairment O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -were O -divided O -into O -three O -groups O -: O -sham O -, O -VCM B-Chemical -and O -VCM B-Chemical -plus O -erdosteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -VCM B-Chemical -was O -administrated O -intraperitoneally O -( O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -with O -200mgkg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -twice O -daily O -for O -7 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Erdosteine B-Chemical -was O -administered O -orally O -. O - -aps B-category -VCM B-Chemical -administration O -to O -control O -rats O -significantly O -increased O -renal O -malondialdehyde B-Chemical -( O -MDA B-Chemical -) O -and O -urinary O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -beta O -- O -d O -- O -glucosaminidase O -( O -NAG O -, O -a O -marker O -of O -renal O -tubular O -injury O -) O -excretion O -but O -decreased O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -( O -SOD O -) O -and O -catalase O -( O -CAT O -) O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Erdosteine B-Chemical -administration O -with O -VCM B-Chemical -injections O -caused O -significantly O -decreased O -renal O -MDA B-Chemical -and O -urinary O -NAG O -excretion O -, O -and O -increased O -SOD O -activity O -, O -but O -not O -CAT O -activity O -in O -renal O -tissue O -when O -compared O -with O -VCM B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Erdosteine B-Chemical -showed O -histopathological O -protection O -against O -VCM B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -a O -significant O -dilatation O -of O -tubular O -lumens O -, O -extensive O -epithelial O -cell O -vacuolization O -, O -atrophy O -, O -desquamation O -, O -and O -necrosis O -in O -VCM B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -more O -than O -those O -of O -the O -control O -and O -the O -erdosteine B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Erdosteine B-Chemical -caused O -a O -marked O -reduction O -in O -the O -extent O -of O -tubular O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -oxidative O -tubular O -damage O -plays O -an O -important O -role O -in O -the O -VCM B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrotoxicity O -and O -the O -modulation O -of O -oxidative O -stress O -with O -erdosteine B-Chemical -reduces O -the O -VCM B-Chemical -- O -induced O -kidney O -damage O -both O -at O -the O -biochemical O -and O -histological O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Gemfibrozil B-Chemical -- O -lovastatin B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -primary O -hyperlipoproteinemias O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -aim O -of O -this O -retrospective O -, O -observational O -study O -was O -to O -assess O -safety O -and O -efficacy O -of O -long O -- O -term O -( O -21 O -months O -/ O -patient O -) O -, O -open O -- O -label O -, O -gemfibrozil B-Chemical -- O -lovastatin B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -80 O -patients O -with O -primary O -mixed O -hyperlipidemia O -( O -68 O -% O -of O -whom O -had O -atherosclerotic O -vascular O -disease O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -ideal O -lipid O -targets O -were O -not O -reached O -( O -low O -- O -density O -lipoprotein O -( O -LDL O -) O -cholesterol B-Chemical -less O -than O -130 O -mg O -/ O -dl O -, O -high O -- O -density O -lipoprotein O -( O -HDL O -) O -cholesterol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -35 O -mg O -/ O -dl O -, O -or O -total O -cholesterol B-Chemical -/ O -HDL O -cholesterol B-Chemical -less O -than O -4 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -dl O -) O -with O -diet O -plus O -a O -single O -drug O -, O -gemfibrozil B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -2 O -g O -/ O -day O -) O -- O -lovastatin B-Chemical -( O -primarily O -20 O -or O -40 O -mg O -) O -treatment O -was O -given O -. O - -aps B-category -Follow O -- O -up O -visits O -were O -scheduled O -with O -2 O -- O -drug O -therapy O -every O -6 O -to O -8 O -weeks O -, O -an O -average O -of O -10 O -. O -3 O -visits O -per O -patient O -, O -with O -741 O -batteries O -of O -6 O -liver O -function O -tests O -and O -714 O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphokinase O -levels O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -1 O -of O -the O -4 O -, O -446 O -liver O -function O -tests O -( O -0 O -. O -02 O -% O -) O -, O -a O -gamma O -glutamyl O -transferase O -, O -was O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -3 O -times O -the O -upper O -normal O -limit O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -714 O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphokinase O -levels O -, O -9 O -% O -were O -high O -; O -only O -1 O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -was O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -3 O -times O -the O -upper O -normal O -limit O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -2 O -- O -drug O -therapy O -, O -mean O -total O -cholesterol B-Chemical -decreased O -22 O -% O -from O -255 O -to O -200 O -mg O -/ O -dl O -, O -triglyceride B-Chemical -levels O -decreased O -35 O -% O -from O -236 O -to O -154 O -mg O -/ O -dl O -, O -LDL O -cholesterol B-Chemical -decreased O -26 O -% O -from O -176 O -to O -131 O -mg O -/ O -dl O -, O -and O -the O -total O -cholesterol B-Chemical -/ O -HDL O -cholesterol B-Chemical -ratio O -decreased O -24 O -% O -from O -7 O -. O -1 O -to O -5 O -. O -4 O -, O -all O -p O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -0 O -. O -0001 O -. O - -aps B-category -Myositis O -, O -attributable O -to O -the O -drug O -combination O -and O -symptomatic O -enough O -to O -discontinue O -it O -, O -occurred O -in O -3 O -% O -of O -patients O -, O -and O -in O -1 O -% O -with O -concurrent O -high O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphokinase O -( O -769 O -U O -/ O -liter O -) O -; O -no O -patients O -had O -rhabdomyolysis O -or O -myoglobinuria O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Does O -domperidone B-Chemical -potentiate O -mirtazapine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -restless O -legs O -syndrome O -? O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -now O -evidence O -to O -suggest O -a O -central O -role O -for O -the O -dopaminergic O -system O -in O -restless O -legs O -syndrome O -( O -RLS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -example O -, O -the O -symptoms O -of O -RLS O -can O -be O -dramatically O -improved O -by O -levodopa B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonists O -, O -whereas O -central O -dopamine B-Chemical -D2 O -receptor O -antagonists O -can O -induce O -or O -aggravate O -RLS O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -our O -knowledge O -, O -there O -is O -no O -previous O -report O -regarding O -whether O -domperidone B-Chemical -, O -a O -peripheral O -dopamine B-Chemical -D2 O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -can O -also O -induce O -or O -aggravate O -symptoms O -of O -RLS O -. O - -aps B-category -Mirtazapine B-Chemical -, O -the O -first O -noradrenergic O -and O -specific O -serotonergic O -antidepressant O -( O -NaSSA O -) O -, O -has O -been O -associated O -with O -RLS O -in O -several O -recent O -publications O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -report O -here O -a O -depressed O -patient O -comorbid O -with O -postprandial O -dyspepsia O -who O -developed O -RLS O -after O -mirtazapine B-Chemical -had O -been O -added O -to O -his O -domperidone B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -patient O -started O -to O -have O -symptoms O -of O -RLS O -only O -after O -he O -had O -been O -treated O -with O -mirtazapine B-Chemical -, O -and O -his O -RLS O -symptoms O -resolved O -completely O -upon O -discontinuation O -of O -his O -mirtazapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -a O -temporal O -relationship O -between O -the O -use O -of O -mirtazapine B-Chemical -and O -the O -symptoms O -of O -RLS O -in O -our O -patient O -did O -not O -support O -a O -potentiating O -effect O -of O -domperione B-Chemical -on O -mirtazapine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -RLS O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -physicians O -should O -be O -aware O -of O -the O -possibility O -that O -mirtazapine B-Chemical -can O -be O -associated O -with O -RLS O -in O -some O -individuals O -, O -especially O -those O -receiving O -concomitant O -dopamine B-Chemical -D2 O -receptor O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Antiandrogenic O -therapy O -can O -cause O -coronary O -arterial O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -AIM O -: O -To O -study O -the O -change O -of O -lipid O -metabolism O -by O -antiandrogen O -therapy O -in O -patients O -with O -prostate O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -MATERIALS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -We O -studied O -with O -a O -2 O -. O -5 O -years O -follow O -- O -up O -the O -changes O -in O -plasma O -cholesterols B-Chemical -( O -C B-Chemical -) O -, O -triglycerides B-Chemical -( O -TG B-Chemical -) O -, O -lipoproteins O -( O -LP O -) O -, O -and O -apolipoproteins O -( O -Apo O -) O -B O -- O -100 O -, O -A O -- O -I O -, O -and O -A O -- O -II O -pro O -fi O -les O -in O -24 O -patients O -of O -mean O -age O -60 O -years O -with O -low O -risk O -prostate O -cancer O -( O -stage O -: O -T1cN0M0 O -, O -Gleason O -score O -: O -2 O -- O -5 O -) O -during O -treatment O -with O -cyproterone B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -( O -CPA B-Chemical -) O -without O -surgical O -management O -or O -radiation O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Significant O -decreases O -of O -HDL O -- O -C O -, O -Apo O -A O -- O -I O -and O -Apo O -A O -- O -II O -and O -an O -increase O -of O -triglyceride B-Chemical -levels O -in O -VLDL O -were O -induced O -by O -CPA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -period O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -years O -on O -CPA B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -four O -patients O -out O -of O -twenty O -- O -four O -were O -found O -to O -be O -affected O -by O -coronary O -heart O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Ischaemic O -coronary O -arteriosclerosis O -with O -an O -incidence O -rate O -of O -16 O -. O -6 O -% O -as O -caused O -by O -prolonged O -CPA B-Chemical -therapy O -is O -mediated O -through O -changes O -in O -HDL O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -Apo O -A O -- O -I O -and O -Apo O -A O -- O -II O -pro O -fi O -les O -, O -other O -than O -the O -well O -- O -known O -hyperglyceridemic O -effect O -caused O -by O -estrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Fluorouracil I-Chemical -cardiotoxicity O -induced O -by O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluoro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiotoxicity O -is O -a O -rare O -complication O -occurring O -during O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -) O -treatment O -for O -malignancies O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -herein O -report O -the O -case O -of O -a O -70 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -with O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -, O -in O -whom O -a O -high O -serum O -level O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluoro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -( O -FBAL B-Chemical -) O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -, O -who O -had O -unresectable O -colon O -cancer O -metastases O -to O -the O -liver O -and O -lung O -, O -was O -referred O -to O -us O -for O -chemotherapy O -from O -an O -affiliated O -hospital O -; O -he O -had O -no O -cardiac O -history O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -admission O -, O -the O -patient O -received O -a O -continuous O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -( O -1000 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -, O -during O -which O -precordial O -pain O -with O -right O -bundle O -branch O -block O -occurred O -concomitantly O -with O -a O -high O -serum O -FBAL B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -1955 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -the O -precordial O -pain O -and O -the O -electrocardiographic O -changes O -disappeared O -spontaneously O -after O -the O -discontinuation O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -As O -the O -precordial O -pain O -in O -this O -patient O -was O -considered O -to O -have O -been O -due O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -, O -the O -administration O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -was O -abandoned O -. O - -aps B-category -Instead O -, O -oral O -administration O -of O -S O -- O -1 O -( O -a O -derivative O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -) O -, O -at O -200 O -mg O -/ O -day O -twice O -a O -week O -, O -was O -instituted O -, O -because O -S O -- O -1 O -has O -a O -strong O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -dihydropyrimidine B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -which O -catalyzes O -the O -degradative O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -into O -FBAL B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serum O -FBAL B-Chemical -concentration O -subsequently O -decreased O -to O -352 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -, O -the O -same O -as O -the O -value O -measured O -on O -the O -first O -day O -of O -S O -- O -1 O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Thereafter O -, O -no O -cardiac O -symptoms O -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -achieved O -a O -partial O -response O -6 O -months O -after O -the O -initiation O -of O -the O -S O -- O -1 O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -experience O -of O -this O -case O -, O -together O -with O -a O -review O -of O -the O -literature O -, O -suggests O -that O -FBAL B-Chemical -is O -related O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -S O -- O -1 O -may O -be O -administered O -safely O -to O -patients O -with O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatocellular O -carcinoma O -in O -Fanconi O -' O -s O -anemia O -treated O -with O -androgen B-Chemical -and O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -case O -of O -an O -11 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -boy O -is O -reported O -who O -was O -known O -to O -have O -Fanconi O -' O -s O -anemia O -for O -3 O -years O -and O -was O -treated O -with O -androgens B-Chemical -, O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -and O -transfusions O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -weeks O -before O -his O -death O -he O -was O -readmitted O -because O -of O -aplastic O -crisis O -with O -septicemia O -and O -marked O -abnormalities O -in O -liver O -function O -and O -died O -of O -hemorrhagic O -bronchopneumonia O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -autopsy O -peliosis O -and O -multiple O -hepatic O -tumors O -were O -found O -which O -histologically O -proved O -to O -be O -well O -- O -differentiated O -hepatocellular O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -contributes O -to O -the O -previous O -observations O -that O -non O -- O -metastasizing O -hepatic O -neoplasms O -and O -peliosis O -can O -develop O -in O -patients O -with O -androgen B-Chemical -- O -and O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -- O -treated O -Fanconi O -' O -s O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -the O -time O -interval O -between O -monoHER B-Chemical -and O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -administration O -on O -the O -protection O -against O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -Despite O -its O -well O -- O -known O -cardiotoxicity O -, O -the O -anthracyclin O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -DOX B-Chemical -) O -continues O -to O -be O -an O -effective O -and O -widely O -used O -chemotherapeutic O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -DOX B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiac O -damage O -presumably O -results O -from O -the O -formation O -of O -free O -radicals O -by O -DOX B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Reactive O -oxygen B-Chemical -species O -particularly O -affect O -the O -cardiac O -myocytes O -because O -these O -cells O -seem O -to O -have O -a O -relatively O -poor O -antioxidant O -defense O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -semisynthetic O -flavonoid B-Chemical -monohydroxyethylrutoside B-Chemical -( O -monoHER B-Chemical -) O -showed O -cardioprotection O -against O -DOX B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -through O -its O -radical O -scavenging O -and O -iron B-Chemical -chelating O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -the O -relatively O -short O -final O -half O -- O -life O -of O -monoHER B-Chemical -( O -about O -30 O -min O -) O -, O -it O -is O -expected O -that O -the O -time O -interval O -between O -monoHER B-Chemical -and O -DOX B-Chemical -might O -be O -of O -influence O -on O -the O -cardioprotective O -effect O -of O -monoHER B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -the O -aim O -of O -the O -present O -study O -was O -to O -investigate O -this O -possible O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Six O -groups O -of O -6 O -BALB O -/ O -c O -mice O -were O -treated O -with O -saline O -, O -DOX B-Chemical -alone O -or O -DOX B-Chemical -( O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -preceded O -by O -monoHER B-Chemical -( O -500 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -with O -an O -interval O -of O -10 O -, O -30 O -, O -60 O -or O -120 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -6 O -- O -week O -treatment O -period O -and O -additional O -observation O -for O -2 O -weeks O -, O -the O -mice O -were O -sacrificed O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -cardiac O -tissues O -were O -processed O -for O -light O -microscopy O -, O -after O -which O -cardiomyocyte O -damage O -was O -evaluated O -according O -to O -Billingham O -( O -in O -Cancer O -Treat O -Rep O -62 O -( O -6 O -) O -: O -865 O -- O -872 O -, O -1978 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Microscopic O -evaluation O -revealed O -that O -treatment O -with O -DOX B-Chemical -alone O -induced O -significant O -cardiac O -damage O -in O -comparison O -to O -the O -saline O -control O -group O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -number O -of O -damaged O -cardiomyocytes O -was O -9 O -. O -6 O -- O -fold O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -4 O -. O -4 O -- O -21 O -. O -0 O -) O -higher O -in O -mice O -treated O -with O -DOX B-Chemical -alone O -than O -that O -in O -animals O -of O -the O -control O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ratio O -of O -aberrant O -cardiomyocytes O -in O -mice O -treated O -with O -DOX B-Chemical -preceded O -by O -monoHER B-Chemical -and O -those O -in O -mice O -treated O -with O -saline O -ranged O -from O -1 O -. O -6 O -to O -2 O -. O -8 O -( O -mean O -2 O -. O -2 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -1 O -. O -2 O -- O -4 O -. O -1 O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -019 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -protective O -effect O -by O -adding O -monoHER B-Chemical -before O -DOX B-Chemical -led O -to O -a O -significant O -4 O -. O -4 O -- O -fold O -reduction O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -2 O -. O -3 O -- O -8 O -. O -2 O -) O -of O -abnormal O -cardiomyocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -protective O -effect O -did O -not O -depend O -on O -the O -time O -interval O -between O -monoHER B-Chemical -and O -DOX B-Chemical -administration O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -345 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -in O -an O -outpatient O -clinical O -setting O -monoHER B-Chemical -may O -be O -administered O -shortly O -before O -DOX B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -evaluation O -of O -adverse O -effects O -during O -bepridil B-Chemical -administration O -for O -atrial O -fibrillation O -and O -flutter O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Bepridil B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -( O -Bpd B-Chemical -) O -has O -attracted O -attention O -as O -an O -effective O -drug O -for O -atrial O -fibrillation O -( O -AF O -) O -and O -atrial O -flutter O -( O -AFL O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -serious O -adverse O -effects O -, O -including O -torsade O -de O -pointes O -( O -Tdp O -) O -, O -have O -been O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -AND O -RESULTS O -: O -Adverse O -effects O -of O -Bpd B-Chemical -requiring O -discontinuation O -of O -treatment O -were O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Bpd B-Chemical -was O -administered O -to O -459 O -patients O -( O -361 O -males O -, O -63 O -+ O -/ O -- O -12 O -years O -old O -) O -comprising O -378 O -AF O -and O -81 O -AFL O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -left O -ventricular O -ejection O -fraction O -and O -atrial O -dimension O -( O -LAD O -) O -were O -66 O -+ O -/ O -- O -11 O -% O -and O -40 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -mm O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -effects O -were O -observed O -in O -19 O -patients O -( O -4 O -% O -) O -during O -an O -average O -follow O -- O -up O -of O -20 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -marked O -QT O -prolongation O -greater O -than O -0 O -. O -55 O -s O -in O -13 O -patients O -, O -bradycardia O -less O -than O -40 O -beats O -/ O -min O -in O -6 O -patients O -, O -dizziness O -and O -general O -fatigue O -in O -1 O -patient O -each O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -4 O -of O -13 O -patients O -with O -QT O -prolongation O -, O -Tdp O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -triggering O -factors O -of O -Tdp O -were O -hypokalemia O -and O -sudden O -decrease O -in O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -differences O -in O -the O -clinical O -backgrounds O -of O -the O -patients O -with O -and O -without O -Tdp O -other O -than O -LAD O -and O -age O -, O -which O -were O -larger O -and O -older O -in O -the O -patients O -with O -Tdp O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Careful O -observation O -of O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -the O -ECG O -should O -always O -be O -done O -during O -Bpd B-Chemical -administration O -, O -particularly O -in O -elderly O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Enhanced O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiac O -hypertrophy O -in O -transgenic O -rats O -with O -low O -brain O -angiotensinogen O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -previously O -shown O -that O -a O -permanent O -deficiency O -in O -the O -brain O -renin O -- O -angiotensin B-Chemical -system O -( O -RAS O -) O -may O -increase O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -baroreflex O -control O -of O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -we O -aimed O -at O -studying O -the O -involvement O -of O -the O -brain O -RAS O -in O -the O -cardiac O -reactivity O -to O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -( O -beta O -- O -AR O -) O -agonist O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -Iso B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Transgenic O -rats O -with O -low O -brain O -angiotensinogen O -( O -TGR O -) O -were O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -isolated O -hearts O -, O -Iso B-Chemical -induced O -a O -significantly O -greater O -increase O -in O -left O -ventricular O -( O -LV O -) O -pressure O -and O -maximal O -contraction O -( O -+ O -dP O -/ O -dt O -( O -max O -) O -) O -in O -the O -TGR O -than O -in O -the O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -( O -SD O -) O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -LV O -hypertrophy O -induced O -by O -Iso B-Chemical -treatment O -was O -significantly O -higher O -in O -TGR O -than O -in O -SD O -rats O -( O -in O -g O -LV O -wt O -/ O -100 O -g O -body O -wt O -, O -0 O -. O -28 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -004 O -vs O -. O -0 O -. O -24 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -004 O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -greater O -LV O -hypertrophy O -in O -TGR O -rats O -was O -associated O -with O -more O -pronounced O -downregulation O -of O -beta O -- O -AR O -and O -upregulation O -of O -LV O -beta O -- O -AR O -kinase O -- O -1 O -mRNA O -levels O -compared O -with O -those O -in O -SD O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -in O -the O -heart O -rate O -( O -HR O -) O -induced O -by O -the O -beta O -- O -AR O -antagonist O -metoprolol B-Chemical -in O -conscious O -rats O -was O -significantly O -attenuated O -in O -TGR O -compared O -with O -SD O -rats O -( O -- O -9 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -7 O -% O -vs O -. O -- O -18 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -, O -whereas O -the O -effect O -of O -parasympathetic O -blockade O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -on O -HR O -was O -similar O -in O -both O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -TGR O -are O -more O -sensitive O -to O -beta O -- O -AR O -agonist O -- O -induced O -cardiac O -inotropic O -response O -and O -hypertrophy O -, O -possibly O -due O -to O -chronically O -low O -sympathetic O -outflow O -directed O -to O -the O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -- O -induced O -long O -QT O -syndrome O -in O -injection O -drug O -users O -receiving O -methadone B-Chemical -: O -high O -frequency O -in O -hospitalized O -patients O -and O -risk O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Drug O -- O -induced O -long O -QT O -syndrome O -is O -a O -serious O -adverse O -drug O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Methadone B-Chemical -prolongs O -the O -QT O -interval O -in O -vitro O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -inpatient O -setting O -, O -the O -frequency O -of O -QT O -interval O -prolongation O -with O -methadone B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -its O -dose O -dependence O -, O -and O -the O -importance O -of O -cofactors O -such O -as O -drug O -- O -drug O -interactions O -remain O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -performed O -a O -systematic O -, O -retrospective O -study O -comparing O -active O -or O -former O -intravenous O -drug O -users O -receiving O -methadone B-Chemical -and O -those O -not O -receiving O -methadone B-Chemical -among O -all O -patients O -hospitalized O -over O -a O -5 O -- O -year O -period O -in O -a O -tertiary O -care O -hospital O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -167 O -patients O -receiving O -methadone B-Chemical -fulfilled O -the O -inclusion O -criteria O -and O -were O -compared O -with O -a O -control O -group O -of O -80 O -injection O -drug O -users O -not O -receiving O -methadone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -methadone B-Chemical -dose O -, O -15 O -demographic O -, O -biological O -, O -and O -pharmacological O -variables O -were O -considered O -as O -potential O -risk O -factors O -for O -QT O -prolongation O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Among O -167 O -methadone B-Chemical -maintenance O -patients O -, O -the O -prevalence O -of O -QTc O -prolongation O -to O -0 O -. O -50 O -second O -( O -( O -1 O -/ O -2 O -) O -) O -or O -longer O -was O -16 O -. O -2 O -% O -compared O -with O -0 O -% O -in O -80 O -control O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -patients O -( O -3 O -. O -6 O -% O -) O -in O -the O -methadone B-Chemical -group O -presented O -torsades O -de O -pointes O -. O - -aps B-category -QTc O -length O -was O -weakly O -but O -significantly O -associated O -with O -methadone B-Chemical -daily O -dose O -( O -Spearman O -rank O -correlation O -coefficient O -, O -0 O -. O -20 O -; O -P O -< O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Multivariate O -regression O -analysis O -allowed O -attribution O -of O -31 O -. O -8 O -% O -of O -QTc O -variability O -to O -methadone B-Chemical -dose O -, O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -3A4 O -drug O -- O -drug O -interactions O -, O -hypokalemia O -, O -and O -altered O -liver O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -QT O -interval O -prolongation O -in O -methadone B-Chemical -maintenance O -patients O -hospitalized O -in O -a O -tertiary O -care O -center O -is O -a O -frequent O -finding O -. O - -aps B-category -Methadone B-Chemical -dose O -, O -presence O -of O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -3A4 O -inhibitors O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -level O -, O -and O -liver O -function O -contribute O -to O -QT O -prolongation O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -QT O -syndrome O -can O -occur O -with O -low O -doses O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanisms O -of O -hypertension O -induced O -by O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -( O -NO B-Chemical -) O -deficiency O -: O -focus O -on O -venous O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Loss O -of O -endothelial O -cell O -- O -derived O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -( O -NO B-Chemical -) O -in O -hypertension O -is O -a O -hallmark O -of O -arterial O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -hypertension O -created O -by O -the O -removal O -of O -NO B-Chemical -, O -however O -, O -involves O -mechanisms O -in O -addition O -to O -decreased O -arterial O -vasodilator O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -include O -augmented O -endothelin O -- O -1 O -( O -ET O -- O -1 O -) O -release O -, O -increased O -sympathetic O -nervous O -system O -activity O -, O -and O -elevated O -tissue O -oxidative O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -hypothesized O -that O -increased O -venous O -smooth O -muscle O -( O -venomotor O -) O -tone O -plays O -a O -role O -in O -Nomega B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -( O -LNNA B-Chemical -) O -hypertension O -through O -these O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -were O -treated O -with O -the O -NO B-Chemical -synthase O -inhibitor O -LNNA B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -g O -/ O -L O -in O -drinking O -water O -) O -for O -2 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -arterial O -pressure O -of O -conscious O -rats O -was O -119 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -mm O -Hg O -in O -control O -and O -194 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -mm O -Hg O -in O -LNNA B-Chemical -rats O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Carotid O -arteries O -and O -vena O -cava O -were O -removed O -for O -measurement O -of O -isometric O -contraction O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximal O -contraction O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -was O -modestly O -reduced O -in O -arteries O -from O -LNNA B-Chemical -compared O -with O -control O -rats O -whereas O -the O -maximum O -contraction O -to O -ET O -- O -1 O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -( O -54 O -% O -control O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -contraction O -of O -vena O -cava O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -37 O -% O -control O -) O -also O -was O -reduced O -but O -no O -change O -in O -response O -to O -ET O -- O -1 O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -circulatory O -filling O -pressure O -, O -an O -in O -vivo O -measure O -of O -venomotor O -tone O -, O -was O -not O -elevated O -in O -LNNA B-Chemical -hypertension O -at O -1 O -or O -2 O -weeks O -after O -LNNA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -superoxide B-Chemical -scavenger O -tempol B-Chemical -( O -30 O -, O -100 O -, O -and O -300 O -micromol O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -, O -IV O -) O -did O -not O -change O -arterial O -pressure O -in O -control O -rats O -but O -caused O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -decrease O -in O -LNNA B-Chemical -rats O -( O -- O -18 O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -, O -- O -26 O -+ O -/ O -- O -15 O -, O -and O -- O -54 O -+ O -/ O -- O -11 O -mm O -Hg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -ganglionic O -blockade O -with O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -caused O -a O -significantly O -greater O -fall O -in O -LNNA B-Chemical -hypertensive O -rats O -( O -76 O -+ O -/ O -- O -9 O -mm O -Hg O -) O -compared O -with O -control O -rats O -( O -35 O -+ O -/ O -- O -10 O -mm O -Hg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Carotid O -arteries O -, O -vena O -cava O -, O -and O -sympathetic O -ganglia O -from O -LNNA B-Chemical -rats O -had O -higher O -basal O -levels O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -compared O -with O -those O -from O -control O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -while O -NO B-Chemical -deficiency O -increases O -oxidative O -stress O -and O -sympathetic O -activity O -in O -both O -arterial O -and O -venous O -vessels O -, O -the O -impact O -on O -veins O -does O -not O -make O -a O -major O -contribution O -to O -this O -form O -of O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Association O -of O -DRD2 O -polymorphisms O -and O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -extrapyramidal O -syndrome O -in O -Chinese O -schizophrenic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -AIM O -: O -Extrapyramidal O -syndrome O -( O -EPS O -) O -is O -most O -commonly O -affected O -by O -typical O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -that O -have O -a O -high O -affinity O -with O -the O -D2 O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Recently O -, O -many O -research O -groups O -have O -reported O -on O -the O -positive O -relationship O -between O -the O -genetic O -variations O -in O -the O -DRD2 O -gene O -and O -the O -therapeutic O -response O -in O -schizophrenia O -patients O -as O -a O -result O -of O -the O -role O -of O -variations O -in O -the O -receptor O -in O -modulating O -receptor O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -we O -evaluate O -the O -role O -DRD2 O -plays O -in O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -EPS O -in O -schizophrenic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -identified O -seven O -SNP O -( O -single O -nucleotide O -polymorphism O -) O -( O -- O -141Cins O -> O -del O -, O -TaqIB O -, O -TaqID O -, O -Ser311Cys O -, O -rs6275 O -, O -rs6277 O -and O -TaqIA O -) O -in O -the O -DRD2 O -gene O -in O -146 O -schizophrenic O -inpatients O -( O -59 O -with O -EPS O -and O -87 O -without O -EPS O -according O -to O -the O -Simpson O -- O -Angus O -Scale O -) O -treated O -with O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -after O -8 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alleles O -of O -all O -loci O -were O -determined O -by O -PCR O -( O -polymerase O -chain O -reaction O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Polymorphisms O -TaqID O -, O -Ser311Cys O -and O -rs6277 O -were O -not O -polymorphic O -in O -the O -population O -recruited O -in O -the O -present O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -statistical O -significance O -was O -found O -in O -the O -allele O -distribution O -of O -- O -141Cins O -> O -del O -, O -TaqIB O -, O -rs6275 O -and O -TaqIA O -or O -in O -the O -estimated O -haplotypes O -( O -constituted O -by O -TaqIB O -, O -rs6275 O -and O -TaqIA O -) O -in O -linkage O -disequilibrium O -between O -the O -two O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Our O -results O -did O -not O -lend O -strong O -support O -to O -the O -view O -that O -the O -genetic O -variation O -of O -the O -DRD2 O -gene O -plays O -a O -major O -role O -in O -the O -individually O -variable O -adverse O -effect O -induced O -by O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -at O -least O -in O -Chinese O -patients O -with O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -confirmed O -a O -previous O -study O -on O -the O -relationship O -between O -DRD2 O -and O -EPS O -in O -Caucasians O -. O - -aps B-category -Physical O -training O -decreases O -susceptibility O -to O -subsequent O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Regular O -motor O -activity O -has O -many O -benefits O -for O -mental O -and O -physical O -condition O -but O -its O -implications O -for O -epilepsy O -are O -still O -controversial O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -elucidate O -this O -problem O -, O -we O -have O -studied O -the O -effect O -of O -long O -- O -term O -physical O -activity O -on O -susceptibility O -to O -subsequent O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -Wistar O -rats O -were O -subjected O -to O -repeated O -training O -sessions O -in O -a O -treadmill O -and O -swimming O -pool O -. O - -aps B-category -Thereafter O -, O -seizures O -were O -induced O -by O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -injections O -in O -trained O -and O -non O -- O -trained O -control O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -acute O -period O -of O -status O -epilepticus O -, O -we O -measured O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -the O -latency O -of O -the O -first O -motor O -sign O -, O -( O -2 O -) O -the O -intensity O -of O -seizures O -, O -( O -3 O -) O -the O -time O -when O -it O -occurred O -within O -the O -6 O -- O -h O -observation O -period O -, O -and O -( O -4 O -) O -the O -time O -when O -the O -acute O -period O -ended O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -these O -behavioral O -parameters O -showed O -statistically O -significant O -changes O -suggesting O -that O -regular O -physical O -exercises O -decrease O -susceptibility O -to O -subsequently O -induced O -seizures O -and O -ameliorate O -the O -course O -of O -experimentally O -induced O -status O -epilepticus O -. O - -aps B-category -Tonic O -dopaminergic O -stimulation O -impairs O -associative O -learning O -in O -healthy O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Endogenous O -dopamine B-Chemical -plays O -a O -central O -role O -in O -salience O -coding O -during O -associative O -learning O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -precursor O -levodopa B-Chemical -enhances O -learning O -in O -healthy O -subjects O -and O -stroke O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -levodopa B-Chemical -increases O -both O -phasic O -and O -tonic O -dopaminergic O -neurotransmission O -, O -the O -critical O -mechanism O -mediating O -the O -enhancement O -of O -learning O -is O -unresolved O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -here O -probed O -how O -selective O -tonic O -dopaminergic O -stimulation O -affects O -associative O -learning O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -healthy O -subjects O -were O -trained O -in O -a O -novel O -vocabulary O -of O -45 O -concrete O -nouns O -over O -the O -course O -of O -5 O -consecutive O -training O -days O -in O -a O -prospective O -, O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -design O -. O - -aps B-category -Subjects O -received O -the O -tonically O -stimulating O -dopamine B-Chemical -- O -receptor O -agonist O -pergolide B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -) O -vs O -placebo O -120 O -min O -before O -training O -on O -each O -training O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonist O -significantly O -impaired O -novel O -word O -learning O -compared O -to O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -learning O -decrement O -persisted O -up O -to O -the O -last O -follow O -- O -up O -4 O -weeks O -post O -- O -training O -. O - -aps B-category -Subjects O -treated O -with O -pergolide B-Chemical -also O -showed O -restricted O -emotional O -responses O -compared O -to O -the O -PLACEBO O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extent O -of O -' O -flattened O -' O -affect O -with O -pergolide B-Chemical -was O -related O -to O -the O -degree O -of O -learning O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -tonic O -occupation O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -impairs O -learning O -by O -competition O -with O -phasic O -dopamine B-Chemical -signals O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -phasic O -signaling O -seems O -to O -be O -the O -critical O -mechanism O -by O -which O -dopamine B-Chemical -enhances O -associative O -learning O -in O -healthy O -subjects O -and O -stroke O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Minocycline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -vasculitis O -fulfilling O -the O -criteria O -of O -polyarteritis O -nodosa O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -47 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -who O -had O -been O -taking O -minocycline B-Chemical -for O -palmoplantar O -pustulosis O -developed O -fever O -, O -myalgias O -, O -polyneuropathy O -, O -and O -testicular O -pain O -, O -with O -elevated O -C O -- O -reactive O -protein O -( O -CRP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -myeloperoxidase O -- O -nor O -proteinase O -- O -3 O -- O -antineutrophil O -cytoplasmic O -antibody O -was O -positive O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -manifestations O -met O -the O -American O -College O -of O -Rheumatology O -1990 O -criteria O -for O -the O -classification O -of O -polyarteritis O -nodosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Stopping O -minocycline B-Chemical -led O -to O -amelioration O -of O -symptoms O -and O -normalization O -of O -CRP O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -our O -knowledge O -, O -this O -is O -the O -second O -case O -of O -minocycline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -vasculitis O -satisfying O -the O -criteria O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -diagnosis O -for O -drug O -- O -induced O -disease O -is O -invaluable O -even O -for O -patients O -with O -classical O -polyarteritis O -nodosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Intramuscular O -hepatitis O -B O -immune O -globulin O -combined O -with O -lamivudine B-Chemical -in O -prevention O -of O -hepatitis O -B O -recurrence O -after O -liver O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Combined O -hepatitis O -B O -immune O -globulin O -( O -HBIg O -) O -and O -lamivudine B-Chemical -in O -prophylaxis O -of O -the O -recurrence O -of O -hepatitis O -B O -after O -liver O -transplantation O -has O -significantly O -improved O -the O -survival O -of O -HBsAg B-Chemical -positive O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -undertaken O -to O -evaluate O -the O -outcomes O -of O -liver O -transplantation O -for O -patients O -with O -hepatitis O -B O -virus O -( O -HBV O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -A O -retrospective O -chart O -analysis O -and O -a O -review O -of O -the O -organ O -transplant O -database O -identified O -51 O -patients O -( O -43 O -men O -and O -8 O -women O -) O -transplanted O -for O -benign O -HBV O -- O -related O -cirrhotic O -diseases O -between O -June O -2002 O -and O -December O -2004 O -who O -had O -survived O -more O -than O -3 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -HBIg O -was O -administered O -intravenously O -during O -the O -first O -week O -and O -intramuscularly O -thereafter O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -At O -a O -median O -follow O -- O -up O -of O -14 O -. O -1 O -months O -, O -the O -overall O -recurrence O -rate O -in O -the O -51 O -patients O -was O -3 O -. O -9 O -% O -( O -2 O -/ O -51 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -overall O -patient O -survival O -was O -88 O -. O -3 O -% O -, O -and O -82 O -. O -4 O -% O -after O -1 O -and O -2 O -years O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -daily O -oral O -dose O -of O -100 O -mg O -lamivudine B-Chemical -for O -2 O -weeks O -before O -transplantation O -for O -10 O -patients O -enabled O -57 O -. O -1 O -% O -( O -4 O -/ O -7 O -) O -and O -62 O -. O -5 O -% O -( O -5 O -/ O -8 O -) O -of O -HBV O -- O -DNA O -and O -HBeAg B-Chemical -positive O -patients O -respectively O -to O -convert O -to O -be O -negative O -. O - -aps B-category -Intramuscular O -HBIg O -was O -well O -tolerated O -in O -all O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Lamivudine B-Chemical -combined O -with O -intramuscular O -HBIg O -can O -effectively O -prevent O -allograft O -from O -the O -recurrence O -of O -HBV O -after O -liver O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -Anticonvulsant O -effect O -of O -eslicarbazepine B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -( O -BIA B-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -093 I-Chemical -) O -on O -seizures O -induced O -by O -microperfusion O -of O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -in O -the O -hippocampus O -of O -freely O -moving O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Eslicarbazepine B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -( O -BIA B-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -093 I-Chemical -, O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -10 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -10 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -11 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dibenzo I-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -b I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -f I-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -azepine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboxamide I-Chemical -) O -is O -a O -novel O -antiepileptic O -drug O -, O -now O -in O -Phase O -III O -clinical O -trials O -, O -designed O -with O -the O -aim O -of O -improving O -efficacy O -and O -safety O -in O -comparison O -with O -the O -structurally O -related O -drugs O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -( O -CBZ B-Chemical -) O -and O -oxcarbazepine B-Chemical -( O -OXC B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -studied O -the O -effects O -of O -oral O -treatment O -with O -eslicarbazepine B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -on O -a O -whole O -- O -animal O -model O -in O -which O -partial O -seizures O -can O -be O -elicited O -repeatedly O -on O -different O -days O -without O -changes O -in O -threshold O -or O -seizure O -patterns O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -animals O -treated O -with O -threshold O -doses O -of O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -, O -the O -average O -number O -of O -seizures O -was O -2 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -2 O -, O -and O -average O -seizure O -duration O -was O -39 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -. O -4s O -. O - -aps B-category -Pre O -- O -treatment O -with O -a O -dose O -of O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -2h O -before O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -microperfusion O -prevented O -seizures O -in O -the O -75 O -% O -of O -the O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Lower O -doses O -( O -3 O -and O -10mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -did O -not O -suppress O -seizures O -, O -however O -, O -after O -administration O -of O -10mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -significant O -reductions O -in O -seizures O -duration O -( O -24 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -. O -8s O -) O -and O -seizure O -number O -( O -1 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -34 O -) O -were O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -adverse O -effects O -of O -eslicarbazepine B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -were O -observed O -in O -the O -behavioral O -/ O -EEG O -patterns O -studied O -, O -including O -sleep O -/ O -wakefulness O -cycle O -, O -at O -the O -doses O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -renal O -failure O -associated O -with O -prolonged O -intake O -of O -slimming O -pills O -containing O -anthraquinones B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Chinese B-Chemical -herbal I-Chemical -medicine O -preparations O -are O -widely O -available O -and O -often O -regarded O -by O -the O -public O -as O -natural O -and O -safe O -remedies O -for O -a O -variety O -of O -medical O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Nephropathy O -caused O -by O -Chinese B-Chemical -herbs I-Chemical -has O -previously O -been O -reported O -, O -usually O -involving O -the O -use O -of O -aristolochic B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -23 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -who O -developed O -acute O -renal O -failure O -following O -prolonged O -use O -of O -a O -proprietary O -Chinese B-Chemical -herbal I-Chemical -slimming O -pill O -that O -contained O -anthraquinone B-Chemical -derivatives O -, O -extracted O -from O -Rhizoma O -Rhei O -( O -rhubarb O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -renal O -injury O -was O -probably O -aggravated O -by O -the O -concomitant O -intake O -of O -a O -non O -- O -steroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drug O -, O -diclofenac B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -pathology O -was O -that O -of O -hypocellular O -interstitial O -fibrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Spontaneous O -renal O -recovery O -occurred O -upon O -cessation O -of O -the O -slimming O -pills O -, O -but O -mild O -interstitial O -fibrosis O -and O -tubular O -atrophy O -was O -still O -evident O -histologically O -4 O -months O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -a O -causal O -relationship O -between O -the O -use O -of O -an O -anthraquinone B-Chemical -- O -containing O -herbal O -agent O -and O -renal O -injury O -remains O -to O -be O -proven O -, O -phytotherapy O -- O -associated O -interstitial O -nephropathy O -should O -be O -considered O -in O -patients O -who O -present O -with O -unexplained O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Chloroacetaldehyde B-Chemical -as O -a O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -reagent O -: O -the O -role O -of O -critical O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -in O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Chloroacetaldehyde B-Chemical -( O -CAA B-Chemical -) O -is O -a O -metabolite O -of O -the O -alkylating O -agent O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -( O -IFO B-Chemical -) O -and O -putatively O -responsible O -for O -renal O -damage O -following O -anti O -- O -tumor O -therapy O -with O -IFO B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Depletion O -of O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -( O -SH B-Chemical -) O -groups O -has O -been O -reported O -from O -cell O -culture O -, O -animal O -and O -clinical O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -work O -the O -effect O -of O -CAA B-Chemical -on O -human O -proximal O -tubule O -cells O -in O -primary O -culture O -( O -hRPTEC O -) O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxicity O -of O -CAA B-Chemical -was O -determined O -by O -protein O -content O -, O -cell O -number O -, O -LDH O -release O -, O -trypan B-Chemical -blue I-Chemical -exclusion O -assay O -and O -caspase O -- O -3 O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Free O -thiols B-Chemical -were O -measured O -by O -the O -method O -of O -Ellman O -. O - -aps B-category -CAA B-Chemical -reduced O -hRPTEC O -cell O -number O -and O -protein O -, O -induced O -a O -loss O -in O -free O -intracellular O -thiols B-Chemical -and O -an O -increase O -in O -necrosis O -markers O -. O - -aps B-category -CAA B-Chemical -but O -not O -acrolein B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -cysteine B-Chemical -proteases O -caspase O -- O -3 O -, O -caspase O -- O -8 O -and O -cathepsin O -B O -. O - -aps B-category -Caspase O -activation O -by O -cisplatin B-Chemical -was O -inhibited O -by O -CAA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cells O -stained O -with O -fluorescent O -dyes O -targeting O -lysosomes O -, O -CAA B-Chemical -induced O -an O -increase O -in O -lysosomal O -size O -and O -lysosomal O -leakage O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -CAA B-Chemical -on O -cysteine B-Chemical -protease O -activities O -and O -thiols B-Chemical -could O -be O -reproduced O -in O -cell O -lysate O -. O - -aps B-category -Acidification O -, O -which O -slowed O -the O -reaction O -of O -CAA B-Chemical -with O -thiol B-Chemical -donors O -, O -could O -also O -attenuate O -effects O -of O -CAA B-Chemical -on O -necrosis O -markers O -, O -thiol B-Chemical -depletion O -and O -cysteine B-Chemical -protease O -inhibition O -in O -living O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -CAA B-Chemical -directly O -reacts O -with O -cellular O -protein O -and O -non O -- O -protein O -thiols B-Chemical -, O -mediating O -its O -toxicity O -on O -hRPTEC O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -can O -be O -reduced O -by O -acidification O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -urinary O -acidification O -could O -be O -an O -option O -to O -prevent O -IFO B-Chemical -nephropathy O -in O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Stereological O -methods O -reveal O -the O -robust O -size O -and O -stability O -of O -ectopic O -hilar O -granule O -cells O -after O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -status O -epilepticus O -in O -the O -adult O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -status O -epilepticus O -in O -the O -rat O -, O -dentate O -granule O -cell O -neurogenesis O -increases O -greatly O -, O -and O -many O -of O -the O -new O -neurons O -appear O -to O -develop O -ectopically O -, O -in O -the O -hilar O -region O -of O -the O -hippocampal O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -suggested O -that O -the O -ectopic O -hilar O -granule O -cells O -could O -contribute O -to O -the O -spontaneous O -seizures O -that O -ultimately O -develop O -after O -status O -epilepticus O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -population O -has O -never O -been O -quantified O -, O -so O -it O -is O -unclear O -whether O -it O -is O -substantial O -enough O -to O -have O -a O -strong O -influence O -on O -epileptogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -quantify O -this O -population O -, O -the O -total O -number O -of O -ectopic O -hilar O -granule O -cells O -was O -estimated O -using O -unbiased O -stereology O -at O -different O -times O -after O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -status O -epilepticus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -hilar O -neurons O -immunoreactive O -for O -Prox O -- O -1 O -, O -a O -granule O -- O -cell O -- O -specific O -marker O -, O -was O -estimated O -using O -the O -optical O -fractionator O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -size O -of O -the O -hilar O -ectopic O -granule O -cell O -population O -after O -status O -epilepticus O -is O -substantial O -, O -and O -stable O -over O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Interestingly O -, O -the O -size O -of O -the O -population O -appears O -to O -be O -correlated O -with O -the O -frequency O -of O -behavioral O -seizures O -, O -because O -animals O -with O -more O -ectopic O -granule O -cells O -in O -the O -hilus O -have O -more O -frequent O -behavioral O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hilar O -ectopic O -granule O -cell O -population O -does O -not O -appear O -to O -vary O -systematically O -across O -the O -septotemporal O -axis O -, O -although O -it O -is O -associated O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -volume O -of O -the O -hilus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -provide O -new O -insight O -into O -the O -potential O -role O -of O -ectopic O -hilar O -granule O -cells O -in O -the O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -model O -of O -temporal O -lobe O -epilepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -prospective O -, O -open O -- O -label O -trial O -of O -galantamine B-Chemical -in O -autistic O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -Post O -- O -mortem O -studies O -have O -reported O -abnormalities O -of O -the O -cholinergic O -system O -in O -autism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -assess O -the O -use O -of O -galantamine B-Chemical -, O -an O -acetylcholinesterase O -inhibitor O -and O -nicotinic O -receptor O -modulator O -, O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -interfering O -behaviors O -in O -children O -with O -autism O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Thirteen O -medication O -- O -free O -children O -with O -autism O -( O -mean O -age O -, O -8 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -5 O -years O -) O -participated O -in O -a O -12 O -- O -week O -, O -open O -- O -label O -trial O -of O -galantamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -rated O -monthly O -by O -parents O -on O -the O -Aberrant O -Behavior O -Checklist O -( O -ABC O -) O -and O -the O -Conners O -' O -Parent O -Rating O -Scale O -- O -Revised O -, O -and O -by O -a O -physician O -using O -the O -Children O -' O -s O -Psychiatric O -Rating O -Scale O -and O -the O -Clinical O -Global O -Impressions O -scale O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Patients O -showed O -a O -significant O -reduction O -in O -parent O -- O -rated O -irritability O -and O -social O -withdrawal O -on O -the O -ABC O -as O -well O -as O -significant O -improvements O -in O -emotional O -lability O -and O -inattention O -on O -the O -Conners O -' O -Parent O -Rating O -Scale O -- O -- O -Revised O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -clinician O -ratings O -showed O -reductions O -in O -the O -anger O -subscale O -of O -the O -Children O -' O -s O -Psychiatric O -Rating O -Scale O -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -of O -13 O -participants O -were O -rated O -as O -responders O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -their O -improvement O -scores O -on O -the O -Clinical O -Global O -Impressions O -scale O -. O - -aps B-category -Overall O -, O -galantamine B-Chemical -was O -well O -- O -tolerated O -, O -with O -no O -significant O -adverse O -effects O -apart O -from O -headaches O -in O -one O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -In O -this O -open O -trial O -, O -galantamine B-Chemical -was O -well O -- O -tolerated O -and O -appeared O -to O -be O -beneficial O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -interfering O -behaviors O -in O -children O -with O -autism O -, O -particularly O -aggression O -, O -behavioral O -dyscontrol O -, O -and O -inattention O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -controlled O -trials O -are O -warranted O -. O - -aps B-category -Randomized O -comparison O -of O -olanzapine B-Chemical -versus O -risperidone B-Chemical -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -first O -- O -episode O -schizophrenia O -: O -4 O -- O -month O -outcomes O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -The O -authors O -compared O -4 O -- O -month O -treatment O -outcomes O -for O -olanzapine B-Chemical -versus O -risperidone B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -first O -- O -episode O -schizophrenia O -spectrum O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -One O -hundred O -twelve O -subjects O -( O -70 O -% O -male O -; O -mean O -age O -= O -23 O -. O -3 O -years O -[ O -SD O -= O -5 O -. O -1 O -] O -) O -with O -first O -- O -episode O -schizophrenia O -( O -75 O -% O -) O -, O -schizophreniform O -disorder O -( O -17 O -% O -) O -, O -or O -schizoaffective O -disorder O -( O -8 O -% O -) O -were O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -treatment O -with O -olanzapine B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -- O -20 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -or O -risperidone B-Chemical -( O -1 O -- O -6 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Response O -rates O -did O -not O -significantly O -differ O -between O -olanzapine B-Chemical -( O -43 O -. O -7 O -% O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -= O -28 O -. O -8 O -% O -- O -58 O -. O -6 O -% O -) O -and O -risperidone B-Chemical -( O -54 O -. O -3 O -% O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -= O -39 O -. O -9 O -% O -- O -68 O -. O -7 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -those O -responding O -to O -treatment O -, O -more O -subjects O -in O -the O -olanzapine B-Chemical -group O -( O -40 O -. O -9 O -% O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -= O -16 O -. O -8 O -% O -- O -65 O -. O -0 O -% O -) O -than O -in O -the O -risperidone B-Chemical -group O -( O -18 O -. O -9 O -% O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -= O -0 O -% O -- O -39 O -. O -2 O -% O -) O -had O -subsequent O -ratings O -not O -meeting O -response O -criteria O -. O - -aps B-category -Negative O -symptom O -outcomes O -and O -measures O -of O -parkinsonism O -and O -akathisia O -did O -not O -differ O -between O -medications O -. O - -aps B-category -Extrapyramidal O -symptom O -severity O -scores O -were O -1 O -. O -4 O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -= O -1 O -. O -2 O -- O -1 O -. O -6 O -) O -with O -risperidone B-Chemical -and O -1 O -. O -2 O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -= O -1 O -. O -0 O -- O -1 O -. O -4 O -) O -with O -olanzapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Significantly O -more O -weight O -gain O -occurred O -with O -olanzapine B-Chemical -than O -with O -risperidone B-Chemical -: O -the O -increase O -in O -weight O -at O -4 O -months O -relative O -to O -baseline O -weight O -was O -17 O -. O -3 O -% O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -= O -14 O -. O -2 O -% O -- O -20 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -with O -olanzapine B-Chemical -and O -11 O -. O -3 O -% O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -= O -8 O -. O -4 O -% O -- O -14 O -. O -3 O -% O -) O -with O -risperidone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Body O -mass O -index O -at O -baseline O -and O -at O -4 O -months O -was O -24 O -. O -3 O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -= O -22 O -. O -8 O -- O -25 O -. O -7 O -) O -versus O -28 O -. O -2 O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -= O -26 O -. O -7 O -- O -29 O -. O -7 O -) O -with O -olanzapine B-Chemical -and O -23 O -. O -9 O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -= O -22 O -. O -5 O -- O -25 O -. O -3 O -) O -versus O -26 O -. O -7 O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -= O -25 O -. O -2 O -- O -28 O -. O -2 O -) O -with O -risperidone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Clinical O -outcomes O -with O -risperidone B-Chemical -were O -equal O -to O -those O -with O -olanzapine B-Chemical -, O -and O -response O -may O -be O -more O -stable O -. O - -aps B-category -Olanzapine B-Chemical -may O -have O -an O -advantage O -for O -motor O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -medications O -caused O -substantial O -rapid O -weight O -gain O -, O -but O -weight O -gain O -was O -greater O -with O -olanzapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Early O -paracentral O -visual O -field O -loss O -in O -patients O -taking O -hydroxychloroquine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -review O -the O -natural O -history O -and O -ocular O -and O -systemic O -adverse O -effects O -of O -patients O -taking O -hydroxychloroquine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -who O -attended O -an O -ophthalmic O -screening O -program O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -Retrospective O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Records O -of O -262 O -patients O -who O -were O -taking O -hydroxychloroquine B-Chemical -and O -screened O -in O -the O -Department O -of O -Ophthalmology O -were O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -262 O -patients O -, O -14 O -( O -18 O -% O -) O -of O -76 O -who O -had O -stopped O -treatment O -at O -the O -time O -of O -the O -study O -experienced O -documented O -adverse O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Systemic O -adverse O -effects O -occurred O -in O -8 O -patients O -( O -10 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -and O -ocular O -adverse O -effects O -, O -in O -5 O -( O -6 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -five O -patients O -( O -13 O -. O -4 O -% O -) O -had O -visual O -field O -abnormalities O -, O -which O -were O -attributed O -to O -hydroxychloroquine B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -4 O -patients O -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -of O -the O -4 O -patients O -were O -taking O -less O -than O -6 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -day O -and O -all O -patients O -had O -normal O -renal O -and O -liver O -function O -test O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -current O -study O -used O -a O -protocol O -of O -visual O -acuity O -and O -color O -vision O -assessment O -, O -funduscopy O -, O -and O -Humphrey O -10 O -- O -2 O -visual O -field O -testing O -and O -shows O -that O -visual O -field O -defects O -appeared O -before O -any O -corresponding O -changes O -in O -any O -other O -tested O -clinical O -parameters O -; O -the O -defects O -were O -reproducible O -and O -the O -test O -parameters O -were O -reliable O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -taking O -hydroxychloroquine B-Chemical -can O -demonstrate O -a O -toxic O -reaction O -in O -the O -retina O -despite O -the O -absence O -of O -known O -risk O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -Screening O -, O -including O -Humphrey O -10 O -- O -2 O -visual O -field O -assessment O -, O -is O -recommended O -2 O -years O -after O -the O -initial O -baseline O -and O -yearly O -thereafter O -. O - -aps B-category -Peri O -- O -operative O -atrioventricular O -block O -as O -a O -result O -of O -chemotherapy O -with O -epirubicin B-Chemical -and O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -47 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -presented O -for O -mastectomy O -and O -immediate O -latissimus O -dorsi O -flap O -reconstruction O -having O -been O -diagnosed O -with O -carcinoma O -of O -the O -breast O -6 O -months O -previously O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -preceding O -months O -she O -had O -received O -neo O -- O -adjuvant O -chemotherapy O -with O -epirubicin B-Chemical -, O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -( O -Taxol B-Chemical -) O -and O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -had O -been O -apparently O -uncomplicated O -and O -she O -had O -maintained O -a O -remarkably O -high O -level O -of O -physical O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -was O -found O -to O -be O -bradycardic O -at O -pre O -- O -operative O -assessment O -but O -had O -no O -cardiac O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Second O -degree O -Mobitz O -type O -II O -atrioventricular O -block O -was O -diagnosed O -on O -electrocardiogram O -, O -and O -temporary O -transvenous O -ventricular O -pacing O -instituted O -in O -the O -peri O -- O -operative O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -discuss O -how O -evidence O -- O -based O -guidelines O -would O -not O -have O -been O -helpful O -in O -this O -case O -, O -and O -how O -chemotherapy O -can O -exhibit O -substantial O -cardiotoxicity O -that O -may O -develop O -over O -many O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -that O -patients O -who O -have O -received O -chemotherapy O -at O -any O -time O -should O -have O -a O -pre O -- O -operative O -electrocardiogram O -even O -if O -they O -are O -asymptomatic O -. O - -aps B-category -Risks O -and O -benefits O -of O -COX B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -inhibitors I-Chemical -vs O -non O -- O -selective O -NSAIDs O -: O -does O -their O -cardiovascular O -risk O -exceed O -their O -gastrointestinal O -benefit O -? O - -aps B-category -A O -retrospective O -cohort O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -The O -risk O -of O -acute O -myocardial O -infarction O -( O -AMI O -) O -with O -COX B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -inhibitors I-Chemical -may O -offset O -their O -gastrointestinal O -( O -GI O -) O -benefit O -compared O -with O -non O -- O -selective O -( O -NS O -) O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -steroidal I-Chemical -anti I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inflammatory I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -( O -NSAIDs O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -aimed O -to O -compare O -the O -risks O -of O -hospitalization O -for O -AMI O -and O -GI O -bleeding O -among O -elderly O -patients O -using O -COX B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -inhibitors I-Chemical -, O -NS O -- O -NSAIDs O -and O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -conducted O -a O -retrospective O -cohort O -study O -using O -administrative O -data O -of O -patients O -> O -or O -= O -65 O -years O -of O -age O -who O -filled O -a O -prescription O -for O -NSAID O -or O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -during O -1999 O -- O -2002 O -. O - -aps B-category -Outcomes O -were O -compared O -using O -Cox O -regression O -models O -with O -time O -- O -dependent O -exposures O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Person O -- O -years O -of O -exposure O -among O -non O -- O -users O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -were O -: O -75 O -, O -761 O -to O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -, O -42 O -, O -671 O -to O -rofecoxib B-Chemical -65 O -, O -860 O -to O -celecoxib B-Chemical -, O -and O -37 O -, O -495 O -to O -NS O -- O -NSAIDs O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -users O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -they O -were O -: O -14 O -, O -671 O -to O -rofecoxib B-Chemical -, O -22 O -, O -875 O -to O -celecoxib B-Chemical -, O -9 O -, O -832 O -to O -NS O -- O -NSAIDs O -and O -38 O -, O -048 O -to O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -non O -- O -users O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -the O -adjusted O -hazard O -ratios O -( O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -) O -of O -hospitalization O -for O -AMI O -/ O -GI O -vs O -the O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -( O -with O -no O -aspirin B-Chemical -) O -group O -were O -: O -rofecoxib B-Chemical -1 O -. O -27 O -( O -1 O -. O -13 O -, O -1 O -. O -42 O -) O -, O -celecoxib B-Chemical -0 O -. O -93 O -( O -0 O -. O -83 O -, O -1 O -. O -03 O -) O -, O -naproxen B-Chemical -1 O -. O -59 O -( O -1 O -. O -31 O -, O -1 O -. O -93 O -) O -, O -diclofenac B-Chemical -1 O -. O -17 O -( O -0 O -. O -99 O -, O -1 O -. O -38 O -) O -and O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -1 O -. O -05 O -( O -0 O -. O -74 O -, O -1 O -. O -51 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -users O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -they O -were O -: O -rofecoxib B-Chemical -1 O -. O -73 O -( O -1 O -. O -52 O -, O -1 O -. O -98 O -) O -, O -celecoxib B-Chemical -1 O -. O -34 O -( O -1 O -. O -19 O -, O -1 O -. O -52 O -) O -, O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -1 O -. O -51 O -( O -0 O -. O -95 O -, O -2 O -. O -41 O -) O -, O -diclofenac B-Chemical -1 O -. O -69 O -( O -1 O -. O -35 O -, O -2 O -. O -10 O -) O -, O -naproxen B-Chemical -1 O -. O -35 O -( O -0 O -. O -97 O -, O -1 O -. O -88 O -) O -and O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -1 O -. O -29 O -( O -1 O -. O -17 O -, O -1 O -. O -42 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Among O -non O -- O -users O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -naproxen B-Chemical -seemed O -to O -carry O -the O -highest O -risk O -for O -AMI O -/ O -GI O -bleeding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -AMI O -/ O -GI O -toxicity O -of O -celecoxib B-Chemical -was O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -and O -seemed O -to O -be O -better O -than O -those O -of O -rofecoxib B-Chemical -and O -NS O -- O -NSAIDs O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -users O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -both O -celecoxib B-Chemical -and O -naproxen B-Chemical -seemed O -to O -be O -the O -least O -toxic O -. O - -aps B-category -Quinine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -arrhythmia O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -severe O -malaria O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -reported O -that O -there O -was O -a O -case O -of O -severe O -malaria O -patient O -with O -jaundice O -who O -presented O -with O -arrhythmia O -( O -premature O -ventricular O -contraction O -) O -while O -getting O -quinine B-Chemical -infusion O -was O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -man O -, O -25 O -years O -old O -, O -was O -admitted O -to O -hospital O -with O -high O -fever O -, O -chill O -, O -vomiting O -, O -jaundice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -was O -fully O -conscious O -, O -blood O -pressure O -120 O -/ O -80 O -mmHg O -, O -pulse O -rate O -100 O -x O -/ O -minute O -, O -regular O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -admission O -, O -laboratory O -examination O -showed O -Plasmodium O -falciparum O -( O -+ O -+ O -+ O -+ O -) O -, O -total O -bilirubin B-Chemical -8 O -. O -25 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -, O -conjugated O -bilirubin B-Chemical -4 O -. O -36 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -, O -unconjugated O -bilirubin B-Chemical -3 O -. O -89 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -3 O -. O -52 O -meq O -/ O -L O -Patient O -was O -diagnosed O -as O -severe O -malaria O -with O -jaundice O -and O -got O -quinine B-Chemical -infusion O -in O -dextrose B-Chemical -5 O -% O -500 O -mg O -/ O -8 O -hour O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -second O -day O -the O -patient O -had O -vomitus O -, O -diarrhea O -, O -tinnitus O -, O -loss O -of O -hearing O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -30 O -hours O -of O -quinine B-Chemical -infusion O -the O -patient O -felt O -palpitation O -and O -electrocardiography O -( O -ECG O -) O -recording O -showed O -premature O -ventricular O -contraction O -( O -PVC O -) O -> O -5 O -x O -/ O -minute O -, O -trigemini O -, O -constant O -type O -- O -- O -sinoatrial O -block O -, O -positive O -U O -wave O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -was O -treated O -with O -lidocaine B-Chemical -50 O -mg O -intravenously O -followed O -by O -infusion O -1500 O -mg O -in O -dextrose B-Chemical -5 O -% O -/ O -24 O -hour O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -tablet O -. O - -aps B-category -Quinine B-Chemical -infusion O -was O -discontinued O -and O -changed O -with O -sulfate O -quinine B-Chemical -tablets O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -hours O -later O -the O -patient O -felt O -better O -, O -the O -frequency O -of O -PVC O -reduced O -to O -4 O -- O -5 O -x O -/ O -minute O -and O -on O -the O -third O -day O -ECG O -was O -normal O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -level O -was O -3 O -. O -34 O -meq O -/ O -L O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -was O -discharged O -on O -7th O -day O -in O -good O -condition O -. O - -aps B-category -Quinine B-Chemical -, O -like O -quinidine B-Chemical -, O -is O -a O -chincona O -alkaloid O -that O -has O -anti O -- O -arrhythmic O -property O -, O -although O -it O -also O -pro O -- O -arrhythmic O -that O -can O -cause O -various O -arrhythmias O -, O -including O -severe O -arrhythmia O -such O -as O -multiple O -PVC O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -parenteral O -quinine B-Chemical -must O -be O -done O -carefully O -and O -with O -good O -observation O -because O -of O -its O -pro O -- O -arrhythmic O -effect O -, O -especially O -in O -older O -patients O -who O -have O -heart O -diseases O -or O -patients O -with O -electrolyte O -disorder O -( O -hypokalemia O -) O -which O -frequently O -occurs O -due O -to O -vomiting O -and O -or O -diarrhea O -in O -malaria O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Penicillamine B-Chemical -- O -related O -lichenoid O -dermatitis O -and O -utility O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -in O -a O -Wilson O -disease O -patient O -with O -hepatic O -presentation O -, O -anxiety O -and O -SPECT O -abnormalities O -. O - -aps B-category -Wilson O -' O -s O -disease O -is O -an O -autosomal O -recessive O -disorder O -of O -hepatic O -copper B-Chemical -metabolism O -with O -consequent O -copper B-Chemical -accumulation O -and O -toxicity O -in O -many O -tissues O -and O -consequent O -hepatic O -, O -neurologic O -and O -psychiatric O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -Wilson O -' O -s O -disease O -with O -chronic O -liver O -disease O -; O -moreover O -, O -in O -our O -patient O -, O -presenting O -also O -with O -high O -levels O -of O -state O -anxiety O -without O -depression O -, O -99mTc O -- O -ECD O -- O -SPECT O -showed O -cortical O -hypoperfusion O -in O -frontal O -lobes O -, O -more O -marked O -on O -the O -left O -frontal O -lobe O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -follow O -- O -up O -of O -our O -patient O -, O -penicillamine B-Chemical -was O -interrupted O -after O -the O -appearance O -of O -a O -lichenoid O -dermatitis O -, O -and O -zinc B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -permitted O -to O -continue O -the O -successful O -treatment O -of O -the O -patient O -without O -side O -- O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -our O -case O -the O -therapy O -with O -zinc B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -represented O -an O -effective O -treatment O -for O -a O -Wilson O -' O -s O -disease O -patient O -in O -which O -penicillamine B-Chemical -- O -related O -side O -effects O -appeared O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -safety O -of O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -allowed O -us O -to O -avoid O -other O -potentially O -toxic O -chelating O -drugs O -; O -this O -observation O -is O -in O -line O -with O -the O -growing O -evidence O -on O -the O -efficacy O -of O -the O -drug O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -Wilson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -most O -of O -Wilson O -' O -s O -disease O -penicillamine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -do O -not O -seem O -to O -develop O -this O -skin O -lesion O -, O -it O -could O -be O -conceivable O -that O -a O -specific O -genetic O -factor O -is O -involved O -in O -drug O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -studies O -are O -needed O -for O -a O -better O -clarification O -of O -Wilson O -' O -s O -disease O -therapy O -, O -and O -in O -particular O -to O -differentiate O -specific O -therapies O -for O -different O -Wilson O -' O -s O -disease O -phenotypes O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -dramatic O -drop O -in O -blood O -pressure O -following O -prehospital O -GTN B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -male O -in O -his O -sixties O -with O -no O -history O -of O -cardiac O -chest O -pain O -awoke O -with O -chest O -pain O -following O -an O -afternoon O -sleep O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -did O -not O -self O -medicate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -' O -s O -observations O -were O -within O -normal O -limits O -, O -he O -was O -administered O -oxygen B-Chemical -via O -a O -face O -mask O -and O -glyceryl B-Chemical -trinitrate I-Chemical -( O -GTN B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -minutes O -after O -the O -GTN B-Chemical -the O -patient O -experienced O -a O -sudden O -drop O -in O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -, O -this O -was O -rectified O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -sulphate I-Chemical -and O -a O -fluid O -challenge O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -further O -deterioration O -in O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -condition O -during O -transport O -to O -hospital O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -very O -few O -documented O -case O -like O -this O -in O -the O -prehospital O -scientific O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cause O -appears O -to O -be O -the O -Bezold O -- O -Jarish O -reflex O -, O -stimulation O -of O -the O -ventricular O -walls O -which O -in O -turn O -decreases O -sympathetic O -outflow O -from O -the O -vasomotor O -centre O -. O - -aps B-category -Prehospital O -care O -providers O -who O -are O -managing O -any O -patient O -with O -a O -syncopal O -episode O -that O -fails O -to O -recover O -within O -a O -reasonable O -time O -frame O -should O -consider O -the O -Bezold O -- O -Jarisch O -reflex O -as O -the O -cause O -and O -manage O -the O -patient O -accordingly O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -lesion O -of O -rostral O -ventrolateral O -medulla O -in O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -the O -effects O -of O -chronic O -selective O -neuronal O -lesion O -of O -rostral O -ventrolateral O -medulla O -on O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -, O -heart O -rate O -, O -and O -neurogenic O -tone O -in O -conscious O -, O -unrestrained O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lesions O -were O -placed O -via O -bilateral O -microinjections O -of O -30 O -nmol O -/ O -200 O -nl O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -restimulation O -of O -this O -area O -with O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -15 O -days O -postlesion O -failed O -to O -produce O -a O -pressor O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -day O -postlesion O -, O -the O -resting O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -was O -significantly O -decreased O -in O -lesioned O -rats O -when O -compared O -with O -sham O -rats O -( O -100 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -versus O -173 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -mm O -Hg O -, O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifteen O -days O -later O -, O -the O -lesioned O -group O -still O -showed O -values O -significantly O -lower O -than O -the O -sham O -group O -( O -150 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -versus O -167 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -mm O -Hg O -, O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -heart O -rate O -differences O -were O -observed O -between O -the O -sham O -and O -lesioned O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ganglionic O -blocker O -trimethaphan B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -caused O -similar O -reductions O -in O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -in O -both O -lesioned O -and O -sham O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -trimethaphan B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -was O -accompanied O -by O -a O -significant O -bradycardia O -in O -lesioned O -rats O -( O -- O -32 O -+ O -/ O -- O -13 O -beats O -per O -minute O -) O -but O -a O -tachycardia O -in O -sham O -rats O -( O -+ O -33 O -+ O -/ O -- O -12 O -beats O -per O -minute O -) O -1 O -day O -postlesion O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -rostral O -ventrolateral O -medulla O -neurons O -appear O -to O -play O -a O -significant O -role O -in O -maintaining O -hypertension O -in O -conscious O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Spinal O -or O -suprabulbar O -structures O -could O -be O -responsible O -for O -the O -gradual O -recovery O -of O -the O -hypertension O -in O -the O -lesioned O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -encephalopathy O -and O -cerebral O -vasospasm O -after O -multiagent O -chemotherapy O -including O -PEG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -asparaginase I-Chemical -and O -intrathecal O -cytarabine B-Chemical -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -acute O -lymphoblastic O -leukemia O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -7 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -girl O -with O -an O -unusual O -reaction O -to O -induction O -chemotherapy O -for O -precursor O -B O -- O -cell O -acute O -lymphoblastic O -leukemia O -( O -ALL O -) O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -developed O -acute O -encephalopathy O -evidenced O -by O -behavioral O -changes O -, O -aphasia O -, O -incontinence O -, O -visual O -hallucinations O -, O -and O -right O -- O -sided O -weakness O -with O -diffuse O -cerebral O -vasospasm O -on O -magnetic O -resonance O -angiography O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -intrathecal O -cytarabine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Vincristine B-Chemical -, O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -, O -and O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -asparaginase I-Chemical -were O -also O -administered O -before O -the O -episode O -as O -part O -of O -induction O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurologic O -status O -returned O -to O -baseline O -within O -10 O -days O -of O -the O -acute O -event O -, O -and O -magnetic O -resonance O -angiography O -findings O -returned O -to O -normal O -4 O -months O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -valsartan B-Chemical -/ O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -combination O -therapy O -at O -doses O -up O -to O -320 O -/ O -25 O -mg O -versus O -monotherapy O -: O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -study O -followed O -by O -long O -- O -term O -combination O -therapy O -in O -hypertensive O -adults O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -One O -third O -of O -patients O -treated O -for O -hypertension O -attain O -adequate O -blood O -pressure O -( O -BP O -) O -control O -, O -and O -multidrug O -regimens O -are O -often O -required O -. O - -aps B-category -Given O -the O -lifelong O -nature O -of O -hypertension O -, O -there O -is O -a O -need O -to O -evaluate O -the O -long O -- O -term O -efficacy O -and O -tolerability O -of O -higher O -doses O -of O -combination O -anti O -- O -hypertensive O -therapies O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -This O -study O -investigated O -the O -efficacy O -and O -tolerability O -of O -valsartan B-Chemical -( O -VAL B-Chemical -) O -or O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -( O -HCTZ B-Chemical -) O -- O -monotherapy O -and O -higher O -- O -dose O -combinations O -in O -patients O -with O -essential O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -The O -first O -part O -of O -this O -study O -was O -an O -8 O -- O -week O -, O -multicenter O -, O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -placebo O -controlled O -, O -parallel O -- O -group O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -essential O -hypertension O -( O -mean O -sitting O -diastolic O -BP O -[ O -MSDBP O -] O -, O -> O -or O -= O -95 O -mm O -Hg O -and O -< O -110 O -mm O -Hg O -) O -were O -randomized O -to O -1 O -of O -8 O -treatment O -groups O -: O -VAL B-Chemical -160 O -or O -320 O -mg O -; O -HCTZ B-Chemical -12 O -. O -5 O -or O -25 O -mg O -; O -VAL B-Chemical -/ O -HCTZ B-Chemical -160 O -/ O -12 O -. O -5 O -, O -320 O -/ O -12 O -. O -5 O -, O -or O -320 O -/ O -25 O -mg O -; O -or O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -changes O -in O -MSDBP O -and O -mean O -sitting O -systolic O -BP O -( O -MSSBP O -) O -were O -analyzed O -at O -the O -8 O -- O -week O -core O -study O -end O -point O -. O - -aps B-category -VAL B-Chemical -/ O -HCTZ B-Chemical -320 O -/ O -12 O -. O -5 O -and O -320 O -/ O -25 O -mg O -were O -further O -investigated O -in O -a O -54 O -- O -week O -, O -open O -- O -label O -extension O -. O - -aps B-category -Response O -was O -defined O -as O -MSDBP O -< O -90 O -mm O -Hg O -or O -a O -> O -or O -= O -10 O -mm O -Hg O -decrease O -compared O -to O -baseline O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -was O -defined O -as O -MSDBP O -< O -90 O -mm O -Hg O -compared O -with O -baseline O -. O - -aps B-category -Tolerability O -was O -assessed O -by O -monitoring O -adverse O -events O -at O -randomization O -and O -all O -subsequent O -study O -visits O -and O -regular O -evaluation O -of O -hematology O -and O -blood O -chemistry O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -A O -total O -of O -1346 O -patients O -were O -randomized O -into O -the O -8 O -- O -week O -core O -study O -( O -734 O -men O -, O -612 O -women O -; O -924 O -white O -, O -291 O -black O -, O -23 O -Asian O -, O -108 O -other O -; O -mean O -age O -, O -52 O -. O -7 O -years O -; O -mean O -weight O -, O -92 O -. O -6 O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -active O -treatments O -were O -associated O -with O -significantly O -reduced O -MSSBP O -and O -MSDBP O -during O -the O -core O -8 O -- O -week O -study O -, O -with O -each O -monotherapy O -significantly O -contributing O -to O -the O -overall O -effect O -of O -combination O -therapy O -( O -VAL B-Chemical -and O -HCTZ B-Chemical -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -combination O -was O -associated O -with O -significantly O -greater O -reductions O -in O -MSSBP O -and O -MSDBP O -compared O -with O -the O -monotherapies O -and O -placebo O -( O -all O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -reduction O -in O -MSSBP O -/ O -MSDBP O -with O -VAL B-Chemical -/ O -HCTZ B-Chemical -320 O -/ O -25 O -mg O -was O -24 O -. O -7 O -/ O -16 O -. O -6 O -mm O -Hg O -, O -compared O -with O -5 O -. O -9 O -/ O -7 O -. O -0 O -mm O -Hg O -with O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduction O -in O -MSSBP O -was O -significantly O -greater O -with O -VAL B-Chemical -/ O -HCTZ B-Chemical -320 O -/ O -25 O -mg O -compared O -with O -VAL B-Chemical -/ O -HCTZ B-Chemical -160 O -/ O -12 O -. O -5 O -mg O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -002 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Rates O -of O -response O -and O -BP O -control O -were O -significantly O -higher O -in O -the O -groups O -that O -received O -combination O -treatment O -compared O -with O -those O -that O -received O -monotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -hypokalemia O -was O -lower O -with O -VAL B-Chemical -/ O -HCTZ B-Chemical -combinations O -( O -1 O -. O -8 O -% O -- O -6 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -than O -with O -HCTZ B-Chemical -monotherapies O -( O -7 O -. O -1 O -% O -- O -13 O -. O -3 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -majority O -of O -adverse O -events O -in O -the O -core O -study O -were O -of O -mild O -to O -moderate O -severity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -efficacy O -and O -tolerability O -of O -VAL B-Chemical -/ O -HCTZ B-Chemical -combinations O -were O -maintained O -during O -the O -extension O -( O -797 O -patients O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -In O -this O -study O -population O -, O -combination O -therapies O -with O -VAL B-Chemical -/ O -HCTZ B-Chemical -were O -associated O -with O -significantly O -greater O -BP O -reductions O -compared O -with O -either O -monotherapy O -, O -were O -well O -tolerated O -, O -and O -were O -associated O -with O -less O -hypokalemia O -than O -HCTZ B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Succimer B-Chemical -chelation O -improves O -learning O -, O -attention O -, O -and O -arousal O -regulation O -in O -lead B-Chemical -- O -exposed O -rats O -but O -produces O -lasting O -cognitive O -impairment O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -lead B-Chemical -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -There O -is O -growing O -pressure O -for O -clinicians O -to O -prescribe O -chelation O -therapy O -at O -only O -slightly O -elevated O -blood O -lead B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -very O -few O -studies O -have O -evaluated O -whether O -chelation O -improves O -cognitive O -outcomes O -in O -Pb B-Chemical -- O -exposed O -children O -, O -or O -whether O -these O -agents O -have O -adverse O -effects O -that O -may O -affect O -brain O -development O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -Pb B-Chemical -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -The O -present O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -answer O -these O -questions O -, O -using O -a O -rodent O -model O -of O -early O -childhood O -Pb B-Chemical -exposure O -and O -treatment O -with O -succimer B-Chemical -, O -a O -widely O -used O -chelating O -agent O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -Pb O -poisoning O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Pb B-Chemical -exposure O -produced O -lasting O -impairments O -in O -learning O -, O -attention O -, O -inhibitory O -control O -, O -and O -arousal O -regulation O -, O -paralleling O -the O -areas O -of O -dysfunction O -seen O -in O -Pb B-Chemical -- O -exposed O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -Succimer B-Chemical -treatment O -of O -the O -Pb B-Chemical -- O -exposed O -rats O -significantly O -improved O -learning O -, O -attention O -, O -and O -arousal O -regulation O -, O -although O -the O -efficacy O -of O -the O -treatment O -varied O -as O -a O -function O -of O -the O -Pb B-Chemical -exposure O -level O -and O -the O -specific O -functional O -deficit O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -succimer B-Chemical -treatment O -of O -rats O -not O -previously O -exposed O -to O -Pb B-Chemical -produced O -lasting O -and O -pervasive O -cognitive O -and O -affective O -dysfunction O -comparable O -in O -magnitude O -to O -that O -produced O -by O -the O -higher O -Pb B-Chemical -exposure O -regimen O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -These O -are O -the O -first O -data O -, O -to O -our O -knowledge O -, O -to O -show O -that O -treatment O -with O -any O -chelating O -agent O -can O -alleviate O -cognitive O -deficits O -due O -to O -Pb B-Chemical -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -it O -may O -be O -possible O -to O -identify O -a O -succimer B-Chemical -treatment O -protocol O -that O -improves O -cognitive O -outcomes O -in O -Pb B-Chemical -- O -exposed O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -they O -also O -suggest O -that O -succimer B-Chemical -treatment O -should O -be O -strongly O -discouraged O -for O -children O -who O -do O -not O -have O -elevated O -tissue O -levels O -of O -Pb B-Chemical -or O -other O -heavy O -metals O -. O - -aps B-category -Caffeine B-Chemical -challenge O -test O -in O -panic O -disorder O -and O -depression O -with O -panic O -attacks O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -aim O -was O -to O -observe O -if O -patients O -with O -panic O -disorder O -( O -PD O -) O -and O -patients O -with O -major O -depression O -with O -panic O -attacks O -( O -MDP O -) O -( O -Diagnostic O -and O -Statistical O -Manual O -of O -Mental O -Disorders O -, O -Fourth O -Edition O -criteria O -) O -respond O -in O -a O -similar O -way O -to O -the O -induction O -of O -panic O -attacks O -by O -an O -oral O -caffeine B-Chemical -challenge O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -randomly O -selected O -29 O -patients O -with O -PD O -, O -27 O -with O -MDP O -, O -25 O -with O -major O -depression O -without O -panic O -attacks O -( O -MD O -) O -, O -and O -28 O -healthy O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -had O -no O -psychotropic O -drug O -for O -at O -least O -a O -4 O -- O -week O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -randomized O -double O -- O -blind O -experiment O -performed O -in O -2 O -occasions O -7 O -days O -apart O -, O -480 O -mg O -caffeine B-Chemical -and O -a O -caffeine B-Chemical -- O -free O -( O -placebo O -) O -solution O -were O -administered O -in O -a O -coffee O -form O -and O -anxiety O -scales O -were O -applied O -before O -and O -after O -each O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -58 O -. O -6 O -% O -( O -n O -= O -17 O -) O -of O -patients O -with O -PD O -, O -44 O -. O -4 O -% O -( O -n O -= O -12 O -) O -of O -patients O -with O -MDP O -, O -12 O -. O -0 O -% O -( O -n O -= O -3 O -) O -of O -patients O -with O -MD O -, O -and O -7 O -. O -1 O -% O -( O -n O -= O -2 O -) O -of O -control O -subjects O -had O -a O -panic O -attack O -after O -the O -480 O -- O -mg O -caffeine B-Chemical -challenge O -test O -( O -chi O -( O -2 O -) O -( O -3 O -) O -= O -16 O -. O -22 O -, O -P O -= O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -with O -PD O -and O -MDP O -were O -more O -sensitive O -to O -caffeine B-Chemical -than O -were O -patients O -with O -MD O -and O -healthy O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -panic O -attack O -was O -observed O -after O -the O -caffeine B-Chemical -- O -free O -solution O -intake O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -with O -MD O -had O -a O -lower O -heart O -rate O -response O -to O -the O -test O -than O -all O -the O -other O -groups O -( O -2 O -- O -way O -analysis O -of O -variance O -, O -group O -by O -time O -interaction O -with O -Greenhouse O -- O -Geisser O -correction O -: O -F O -( O -3 O -, O -762 O -) O -= O -2 O -. O -85 O -, O -P O -= O -. O -026 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -data O -suggest O -that O -there O -is O -an O -association O -between O -panic O -attacks O -, O -no O -matter O -if O -associated O -with O -PD O -or O -MDP O -, O -and O -hyperreactivity O -to O -an O -oral O -caffeine B-Chemical -challenge O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Mitral O -annuloplasty O -as O -a O -ventricular O -restoration O -method O -for O -the O -failing O -left O -ventricle O -: O -a O -pilot O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -AND O -AIM O -OF O -THE O -STUDY O -: O -Undersized O -mitral O -annuloplasty O -( O -MAP O -) O -is O -effective O -in O -patients O -with O -dilated O -cardiomyopathy O -and O -functional O -mitral O -regurgitation O -( O -MR O -) O -since O -, O -as O -well O -as O -addressing O -the O -MR O -, O -the O -MAP O -may O -also O -reshape O -the O -dilated O -left O -ventricular O -( O -LV O -) O -base O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -direct O -benefits O -of O -this O -possible O -reshaping O -on O -LV O -function O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -underlying O -MR O -remain O -incompletely O -understood O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -aim O -was O -to O -identify O -these O -benefits O -in O -a O -canine O -model O -of O -acute O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Six O -dogs O -underwent O -MAP O -with O -a O -prosthetic O -band O -on O -the O -posterior O -mitral O -annulus O -, O -using O -four O -mattress O -sutures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sutures O -were O -passed O -individually O -through O -four O -tourniquets O -and O -exteriorized O -untied O -via O -the O -left O -atriotomy O -. O - -aps B-category -Sonomicrometry O -crystals O -were O -implanted O -around O -the O -mitral O -annulus O -and O -left O -ventricle O -to O -measure O -geometry O -and O -regional O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -heart O -failure O -was O -induced O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -volume O -loading O -after O -weaning O -from O -cardiopulmonary O -bypass O -; O -an O -absence O -of O -MR O -was O -confirmed O -by O -echocardiography O -. O - -aps B-category -MAP O -was O -accomplished O -by O -cinching O -the O -tourniquets O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -were O -acquired O -at O -baseline O -, O -after O -induction O -of O -acute O -heart O -failure O -, O -and O -after O -MAP O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -MAP O -decreased O -mitral O -annular O -dimensions O -in O -both O -commissure O -- O -commissure O -and O -septal O -- O -lateral O -directions O -. O - -aps B-category -Concomitantly O -, O -the O -diastolic O -diameter O -of O -the O -LV O -base O -and O -LV O -sphericity O -decreased O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -improved O -) O -from O -37 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -9 O -. O -3 O -to O -35 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -10 O -mm O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -063 O -) O -, O -and O -from O -67 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -18 O -. O -6 O -% O -to O -65 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -18 O -. O -9 O -% O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -016 O -) O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Decreases O -were O -evident O -in O -both O -LV O -end O -- O -diastolic O -pressure O -( O -from O -17 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -to O -15 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -mmHg O -, O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -0480 O -and O -Tau O -( O -from O -48 O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -to O -45 O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -ms O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -while O -fractional O -shortening O -at O -the O -LV O -base O -increased O -from O -7 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -5 O -% O -to O -9 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -5 O -% O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -045 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -MAP O -, O -increases O -were O -identified O -in O -both O -cardiac O -output O -( O -from O -1 O -. O -54 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -57 O -to O -1 O -. O -65 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -57 O -1 O -/ O -min O -) O -and O -Emax O -( O -from O -1 O -. O -86 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -9 O -to O -2 O -. O -41 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -31 O -mmHg O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -The O -data O -acquired O -suggest O -that O -isolated O -MAP O -may O -have O -certain O -benefits O -on O -LV O -dimension O -/ O -function O -in O -acute O -heart O -failure O -, O -even O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -MR O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -further O -investigations O -are O -warranted O -in O -a O -model O -of O -chronic O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Piperacillin B-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -tazobactam I-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizure O -rapidly O -reversed O -by O -high O -flux O -hemodialysis O -in O -a O -patient O -on O -peritoneal O -dialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -popular O -use O -of O -piperacillin B-Chemical -, O -the O -dire O -neurotoxicity O -associated O -with O -piperacillin B-Chemical -still O -goes O -unrecognized O -, O -leading O -to O -a O -delay O -in O -appropriate O -management O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -57 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -end O -- O -stage O -renal O -disease O -receiving O -continuous O -ambulatory O -peritoneal O -dialysis O -( O -CAPD O -) O -, O -who O -developed O -slurred O -speech O -, O -tremor O -, O -bizarre O -behavior O -, O -progressive O -mental O -confusion O -, O -and O -2 O -episodes O -of O -generalized O -tonic O -- O -clonic O -seizure O -( O -GTCS O -) O -after O -5 O -doses O -of O -piperacillin B-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -tazobactam I-Chemical -( O -2 O -g O -/ O -250 O -mg O -) O -were O -given O -for O -bronchiectasis O -with O -secondary O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -laboratory O -data O -revealed O -normal O -plasma O -electrolyte O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -levels O -but O -leukocytosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurologic O -examinations O -showed O -dysarthria O -and O -bilateral O -Babinski O -sign O -. O - -aps B-category -Computed O -tomography O -of O -brain O -and O -electroencephalogram O -were O -unremarkable O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -the O -use O -of O -antiepileptic O -agents O -, O -another O -GTCS O -episode O -recurred O -after O -the O -sixth O -dose O -of O -piperacillin B-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -tazobactam I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -magnetic O -resonance O -imaging O -did O -not O -demonstrate O -acute O -infarction O -and O -organic O -brain O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -Initiation O -of O -high O -- O -flux O -hemodialysis O -rapidly O -reversed O -the O -neurologic O -symptoms O -within O -4 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Piperacillin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -encephalopathy O -should O -be O -considered O -in O -any O -uremic O -patients O -with O -unexplained O -neurological O -manifestations O -. O - -aps B-category -CAPD O -is O -inefficient O -in O -removing O -piperacillin B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -hemodialysis O -can O -rapidly O -terminate O -the O -piperacillin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -encephalopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Frequency O -of O -transient O -ipsilateral O -vocal O -cord O -paralysis O -in O -patients O -undergoing O -carotid O -endarterectomy O -under O -local O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Especially O -because O -of O -improvements O -in O -clinical O -neurologic O -monitoring O -, O -carotid O -endarterectomy O -done O -under O -local O -anesthesia O -has O -become O -the O -technique O -of O -choice O -in O -several O -centers O -. O - -aps B-category -Temporary O -ipsilateral O -vocal O -nerve O -palsies O -due O -to O -local O -anesthetics O -have O -been O -described O -, O -however O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -complications O -are O -most O -important O -in O -situations O -where O -there O -is O -a O -pre O -- O -existing O -contralateral O -paralysis O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -therefore O -examined O -the O -effect O -of O -local O -anesthesia O -on O -vocal O -cord O -function O -to O -better O -understand O -its O -possible O -consequences O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -This O -prospective O -study O -included O -28 O -patients O -undergoing O -carotid O -endarterectomy O -under O -local O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Vocal O -cord O -function O -was O -evaluated O -before O -, O -during O -, O -and O -after O -surgery O -( O -postoperative O -day O -1 O -) O -using O -flexible O -laryngoscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Anesthesia O -was O -performed O -by O -injecting O -20 O -to O -40 O -mL O -of O -a O -mixture O -of O -long O -- O -acting O -( O -ropivacaine B-Chemical -) O -and O -short O -- O -acting O -( O -prilocaine B-Chemical -) O -anesthetic O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -All O -patients O -had O -normal O -vocal O -cord O -function O -preoperatively O -. O - -aps B-category -Twelve O -patients O -( O -43 O -% O -) O -were O -found O -to O -have O -intraoperative O -ipsilateral O -vocal O -cord O -paralysis O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -resolved O -in O -all O -cases O -< O -or O -= O -24 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -significant O -differences O -in O -operating O -time O -or O -volume O -or O -frequency O -of O -anesthetic O -administration O -in O -patients O -with O -temporary O -vocal O -cord O -paralysis O -compared O -with O -those O -without O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Local O -anesthesia O -led O -to O -temporary O -ipsilateral O -vocal O -cord O -paralysis O -in O -almost O -half O -of O -these O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -pre O -- O -existing O -paralysis O -is O -of O -a O -relevant O -frequency O -( O -up O -to O -3 O -% O -) O -, O -a O -preoperative O -evaluation O -of O -vocal O -cord O -function O -before O -carotid O -endarterectomy O -under O -local O -anesthesia O -is O -recommended O -to O -avoid O -intraoperative O -bilateral O -paralysis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -with O -preoperative O -contralateral O -vocal O -cord O -paralysis O -, O -surgery O -under O -general O -anesthesia O -should O -be O -considered O -. O - -aps B-category -Impaired O -fear O -recognition O -in O -regular O -recreational O -cocaine B-Chemical -users O -. O - -aps B-category -INTRODUCTION O -: O -The O -ability O -to O -read O -facial O -expressions O -is O -essential O -for O -normal O -human O -social O -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -the O -present O -study O -was O -to O -conduct O -the O -first O -investigation O -of O -facial O -expression O -recognition O -performance O -in O -recreational O -cocaine B-Chemical -users O -. O - -aps B-category -MATERIALS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -Three O -groups O -, O -comprised O -of O -21 O -cocaine B-Chemical -naive O -participants O -( O -CN O -) O -, O -30 O -occasional O -cocaine B-Chemical -( O -OC O -) O -, O -and O -48 O -regular O -recreational O -cocaine B-Chemical -( O -RC O -) O -users O -, O -were O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -emotional O -facial O -expression O -( O -EFE O -) O -task O -consisting O -of O -a O -male O -and O -female O -face O -expressing O -six O -basic O -emotions O -( O -happiness O -, O -surprise O -, O -sadness O -, O -anger O -, O -fear O -, O -and O -disgust O -) O -was O -administered O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -percent O -accuracy O -and O -latencies O -for O -correct O -responses O -across O -eight O -presentations O -of O -each O -basic O -emotion O -were O -derived O -. O - -aps B-category -Participants O -were O -also O -assessed O -with O -the O -" O -Eyes O -task O -" O -to O -investigate O -their O -ability O -to O -recognize O -more O -complex O -emotional O -states O -and O -the O -Symptom O -CheckList O -- O -90 O -- O -Revised O -to O -measure O -psychopathology O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -There O -were O -no O -group O -differences O -in O -psychopathology O -or O -" O -eyes O -task O -" O -performance O -, O -but O -the O -RC O -group O -, O -who O -otherwise O -had O -similar O -illicit O -substance O -use O -histories O -to O -the O -OC O -group O -, O -exhibited O -impaired O -fear O -recognition O -accuracy O -compared O -to O -the O -OC O -and O -CN O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -RC O -group O -also O -correctly O -identified O -anger O -, O -fear O -, O -happiness O -, O -and O -surprise O -, O -more O -slowly O -than O -CN O -, O -but O -not O -OC O -participants O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -OC O -group O -was O -slower O -than O -CN O -when O -correctly O -identifying O -disgust O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -selective O -deficit O -in O -fear O -recognition O -accuracy O -manifested O -by O -the O -RC O -group O -cannot O -be O -explained O -by O -the O -subacute O -effects O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -, O -or O -ecstasy B-Chemical -, O -because O -recent O -and O -less O -recent O -users O -of O -these O -drugs O -within O -this O -group O -were O -similarly O -impaired O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -parallels O -between O -RC O -users O -and O -psychopaths O -with O -respect O -to O -impaired O -fear O -recognition O -, O -amygdala O -dysfunction O -, O -and O -etiology O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Damage O -of O -substantia O -nigra O -pars O -reticulata O -during O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -status O -epilepticus O -in O -the O -rat O -: O -immunohistochemical O -study O -of O -neurons O -, O -astrocytes O -and O -serum O -- O -protein O -extravasation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -substantia O -nigra O -has O -a O -gating O -function O -controlling O -the O -spread O -of O -epileptic O -seizure O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Additionally O -, O -in O -models O -of O -prolonged O -status O -epilepticus O -the O -pars O -reticulata O -of O -substantia O -nigra O -( O -SNR O -) O -suffers O -from O -a O -massive O -lesion O -which O -may O -arise O -from O -a O -massive O -metabolic O -derangement O -and O -hyperexcitation O -developing O -in O -the O -activated O -SNR O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -status O -epilepticus O -was O -induced O -by O -systemic O -injection O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -neuropathology O -of O -SNR O -was O -investigated O -using O -immunohistochemical O -techniques O -with O -the O -major O -emphasis O -on O -the O -time O -- O -course O -of O -changes O -in O -neurons O -and O -astrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -surviving O -20 O -, O -30 O -, O -40 O -, O -60 O -min O -, O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -6 O -hours O -, O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -and O -3 O -days O -after O -induction O -of O -status O -epilepticus O -were O -perfusion O -- O -fixed O -, O -and O -brains O -processed O -for O -immunohistochemical O -staining O -of O -SNR O -. O - -aps B-category -Nissl O -- O -staining O -and O -antibodies O -against O -the O -neuron O -- O -specific O -calcium B-Chemical -- O -binding O -protein O -, O -parvalbumin O -, O -served O -to O -detect O -neuronal O -damage O -in O -SNR O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibodies O -against O -the O -astroglia O -- O -specific O -cytoskeletal O -protein O -, O -glial O -fibrillary O -acidic O -protein O -( O -GFAP O -) O -, O -and O -against O -the O -glial O -calcium B-Chemical -- O -binding O -protein O -, O -S O -- O -100 O -protein O -, O -were O -used O -to O -assess O -the O -status O -of O -astrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunohistochemical O -staining O -for O -serum O -- O -albumin O -and O -immunoglobulins O -in O -brain O -tissue O -was O -taken O -as O -indicator O -of O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -disturbances O -and O -vasogenic O -edema O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunohistochemical O -staining O -indicated O -loss O -of O -GFAP O -- O -staining O -already O -at O -30 O -min O -after O -induction O -of O -seizures O -in O -an O -oval O -focus O -situated O -in O -the O -center O -of O -SNR O -while O -sparing O -medial O -and O -lateral O -aspects O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -1 O -h O -there O -was O -additional O -vacuolation O -in O -S O -- O -100 O -protein O -staining O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -2 O -hours O -, O -parvalbumin O -- O -staining O -changed O -in O -the O -central O -SNR O -indicating O -neuronal O -damage O -, O -and O -Nissl O -- O -staining O -visualized O -some O -neuronal O -distortion O -. O - -aps B-category -Staining O -for O -serum O -- O -proteins O -occurred O -in O -a O -patchy O -manner O -throughout O -the O -forebrain O -during O -the O -first O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -6 O -h O -, O -vasogenic O -edema O -covered O -the O -lesioned O -SNR O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -24 O -h O -, O -glial O -and O -neuronal O -markers O -indicated O -a O -massive O -lesion O -in O -the O -center O -of O -SNR O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -48 O -- O -72 O -h O -, O -astrocytes O -surrounding O -the O -lesion O -increased O -in O -size O -, O -and O -polymorphic O -phagocytotic O -cells O -invaded O -the O -damaged O -area O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -further O -group O -of O -animals O -surviving O -1 O -to O -5 O -days O -, O -conventional O -paraffin O -- O -sections O -confirmed O -the O -neuronal O -and O -glial O -damage O -of O -SNR O -. O - -aps B-category -Additional O -pathology O -of O -similar O -quality O -was O -found O -in O -the O -globus O -pallidus O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -astrocytes O -were O -always O -damaged O -in O -parallel O -with O -neurons O -in O -SNR O -it O -is O -proposed O -that O -the O -anatomical O -and O -functional O -interrelationship O -between O -neurons O -and O -astrocytes O -is O -particularly O -tight O -in O -SNR O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -cell O -elements O -may O -suffer O -in O -common O -from O -metabolic O -disturbance O -and O -neurotransmitter O -dysfunction O -as O -occur O -during O -massive O -status O -epilepticus O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroprotective O -effects O -of O -melatonin B-Chemical -upon O -the O -offspring O -cerebellar O -cortex O -in O -the O -rat O -model O -of O -BCNU B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cortical O -dysplasia O -. O - -aps B-category -Cortical O -dysplasia O -is O -a O -malformation O -characterized O -by O -defects O -in O -proliferation O -, O -migration O -and O -maturation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -evaluate O -the O -alterations O -in O -offspring O -rat O -cerebellum O -induced O -by O -maternal O -exposure O -to O -carmustine B-Chemical -- O -[ O -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bis I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloroethyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrosoure I-Chemical -] O -( O -BCNU B-Chemical -) O -and O -to O -investigate O -the O -effects O -of O -exogenous O -melatonin B-Chemical -upon O -cerebellar O -BCNU B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cortical O -dysplasia O -, O -using O -histological O -and O -biochemical O -analyses O -. O - -aps B-category -Pregnant O -Wistar O -rats O -were O -assigned O -to O -five O -groups O -: O -intact O -- O -control O -, O -saline O -- O -control O -, O -melatonin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -, O -BCNU B-Chemical -- O -exposed O -and O -BCNU B-Chemical -- O -exposed O -plus O -melatonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -were O -exposed O -to O -BCNU B-Chemical -on O -embryonic O -day O -15 O -and O -melatonin B-Chemical -was O -given O -until O -delivery O -. O - -aps B-category -Immuno O -/ O -histochemistry O -and O -electron O -microscopy O -were O -carried O -out O -on O -the O -offspring O -cerebellum O -, O -and O -levels O -of O -malondialdehyde B-Chemical -and O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Histopathologically O -, O -typical O -findings O -were O -observed O -in O -the O -cerebella O -from O -the O -control O -groups O -, O -but O -the O -findings O -consistent O -with O -early O -embryonic O -development O -were O -noted O -in O -BCNU B-Chemical -- O -exposed O -cortical O -dysplasia O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -marked O -increase O -in O -the O -number O -of O -TUNEL O -positive O -cells O -and O -nestin O -positive O -cells O -in O -BCNU B-Chemical -- O -exposed O -group O -, O -but O -a O -decreased O -immunoreactivity O -to O -glial O -fibrillary O -acidic O -protein O -, O -synaptophysin O -and O -transforming O -growth O -factor O -beta1 O -was O -observed O -, O -indicating O -a O -delayed O -maturation O -, O -and O -melatonin B-Chemical -significantly O -reversed O -these O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -Malondialdehyde B-Chemical -level O -in O -BCNU B-Chemical -- O -exposed O -group O -was O -higher O -than O -those O -in O -control O -groups O -and O -melatonin B-Chemical -decreased O -malondialdehyde B-Chemical -levels O -in O -BCNU B-Chemical -group O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -while O -there O -were O -no O -significant O -differences O -in O -the O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -levels O -between O -these O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -exposure O -of O -animals O -to O -BCNU B-Chemical -during O -pregnancy O -leads O -to O -delayed O -maturation O -of O -offspring O -cerebellum O -and O -melatonin B-Chemical -protects O -the O -cerebellum O -against O -the O -effects O -of O -BCNU B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -cardiotoxicity O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -given O -in O -the O -form O -of O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxypropyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -methacrylamide I-Chemical -conjugates O -: O -and O -experimental O -study O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rat O -model O -was O -used O -to O -evaluate O -the O -general O -acute O -toxicity O -and O -the O -late O -cardiotoxicity O -of O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -DOX B-Chemical -) O -given O -either O -as O -free O -drug O -or O -in O -the O -form O -of O -three O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxypropyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -methacrylamide I-Chemical -( O -HPMA B-Chemical -) O -copolymer O -conjugates O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -HPMA B-Chemical -copolymers O -, O -DOX B-Chemical -was O -covalently O -bound O -via O -peptide O -linkages O -that O -were O -either O -non O -- O -biodegradable O -( O -Gly O -- O -Gly O -) O -or O -degradable O -by O -lysosomal O -proteinases O -( O -Gly B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Phe I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Leu I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Gly I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -one O -biodegradable O -conjugate O -containing O -galactosamine B-Chemical -was O -used O -; O -this O -residue O -was O -targeted O -to O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Over O -the O -first O -3 O -weeks O -after O -the O -i O -. O -v O -. O -administration O -of O -free O -and O -polymer O -- O -bound O -DOX B-Chemical -, O -all O -animals O -showed O -a O -transient O -reduction O -in O -body O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -maximal O -reduction O -in O -body O -weight O -seen O -in O -animals O -that O -received O -polymer O -- O -bound O -DOX B-Chemical -( O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -was O -significantly O -lower O -than O -that O -observed O -in O -those O -that O -received O -free O -DOX B-Chemical -( O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -or O -a O -mixture O -of O -the O -unmodified O -parent O -HPMA B-Chemical -copolymer O -and O -free O -DOX B-Chemical -( O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -; O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Throughout O -the O -study O -( O -20 O -weeks O -) O -, O -deaths O -related O -to O -cardiotoxicity O -were O -observed O -only O -in O -animals O -that O -received O -either O -free O -DOX B-Chemical -or O -the O -mixture O -of O -HPMA B-Chemical -copolymer O -and O -free O -DOX B-Chemical -; O -in O -these O -cases O -, O -histological O -investigations O -revealed O -marked O -changes O -in O -the O -heart O -that O -were O -consistent O -with O -DOX B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Sequential O -measurements O -of O -cardiac O -output O -in O -surviving O -animals O -that O -received O -either O -free O -DOX B-Chemical -or O -the O -mixture O -of O -HPMA B-Chemical -copolymer O -and O -free O -DOX B-Chemical -showed O -a O -reduction O -of O -approximately O -30 O -% O -in O -function O -beginning O -at O -the O -4th O -week O -after O -drug O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heart O -rate O -in O -these O -animals O -was O -approximately O -12 O -% O -lower O -than O -that O -measured O -in O -age O -- O -matched O -control O -rats O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -that O -were O -given O -the O -HPMA B-Chemical -copolymer O -conjugates O -containing O -DOX B-Chemical -exhibited O -no O -significant O -change O -in O -cardiac O -output O -throughout O -the O -study O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -no O -significant O -histological O -change O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -heart O -of O -animals O -that O -received O -DOX B-Chemical -in O -the O -form O -of O -HPMA B-Chemical -copolymer O -conjugates O -and O -were O -killed O -at O -the O -end O -of O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -these O -animals O -had O -shown O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -heart O -rate O -beginning O -at O -8 O -weeks O -after O -drug O -administration O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -400 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Corneal O -ulcers O -associated O -with O -aerosolized O -crack B-Chemical -cocaine I-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -We O -report O -4 O -cases O -of O -corneal O -ulcers O -associated O -with O -drug O -abuse O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pathogenesis O -of O -these O -ulcers O -and O -management O -of O -these O -patients O -are O -also O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Review O -of O -all O -cases O -of O -corneal O -ulcers O -associated O -with O -drug O -abuse O -seen O -at O -our O -institution O -from O -July O -2006 O -to O -December O -2006 O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Four O -patients O -with O -corneal O -ulcers O -associated O -with O -crack B-Chemical -cocaine I-Chemical -use O -were O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -corneal O -ulcers O -were O -cultured O -, O -and O -the O -patients O -were O -admitted O -to O -the O -hospital O -for O -intensive O -topical O -antibiotic O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -patient O -received O -comprehensive O -health O -care O -, O -including O -medical O -and O -substance O -abuse O -consultations O -. O - -aps B-category -Streptococcal O -organisms O -were O -found O -in O -3 O -cases O -and O -Capnocytophaga O -and O -Brevibacterium O -casei O -in O -1 O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -infections O -responded O -to O -antibiotic O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -needed O -a O -lateral O -tarsorrhaphy O -for O -persistent O -epithelial O -defects O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Aerosolized O -crack B-Chemical -cocaine I-Chemical -use O -can O -be O -associated O -with O -the O -development O -of O -corneal O -ulcers O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -abuse O -provides O -additional O -challenges O -for O -management O -. O - -aps B-category -Not O -only O -treatment O -of O -their O -infections O -but O -also O -the O -overall O -poor O -health O -of O -the O -patients O -and O -increased O -risk O -of O -noncompliance O -need O -to O -be O -addressed O -. O - -aps B-category -Comprehensive O -care O -may O -provide O -the O -patient O -the O -opportunity O -to O -discontinue O -their O -substance O -abuse O -, O -improve O -their O -overall O -health O -, O -and O -prevent O -future O -corneal O -complications O -. O - -aps B-category -Topical O -0 O -. O -025 O -% O -capsaicin B-Chemical -in O -chronic O -post O -- O -herpetic O -neuralgia O -: O -efficacy O -, O -predictors O -of O -response O -and O -long O -- O -term O -course O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -evaluate O -the O -efficacy O -, O -time O -- O -course O -of O -action O -and O -predictors O -of O -response O -to O -topical O -capsaicin B-Chemical -, O -39 O -patients O -with O -chronic O -post O -- O -herpetic O -neuralgia O -( O -PHN O -) O -, O -median O -duration O -24 O -months O -, O -were O -treated O -with O -0 O -. O -025 O -% O -capsaicin B-Chemical -cream O -for O -8 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -therapy O -the O -patients O -rated O -their O -pain O -on O -a O -visual O -analogue O -scale O -( O -VAS O -) O -and O -a O -verbal O -outcome O -scale O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -follow O -- O -up O -investigation O -was O -performed O -10 O -- O -12 O -months O -after O -study O -onset O -on O -the O -patients O -who O -had O -improved O -. O - -aps B-category -Nineteen O -patients O -( O -48 O -. O -7 O -% O -) O -substantially O -improved O -after O -the O -8 O -- O -week O -trial O -; O -5 O -( O -12 O -. O -8 O -% O -) O -discontinued O -therapy O -due O -to O -side O -- O -effects O -such O -as O -intolerable O -capsaicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -burning O -sensations O -( O -4 O -) O -or O -mastitis O -( O -1 O -) O -; O -15 O -( O -38 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -reported O -no O -benefit O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -in O -VAS O -ratings O -was O -significant O -after O -2 O -weeks O -of O -continuous O -application O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -responders O -72 O -. O -2 O -% O -were O -still O -improved O -at O -the O -follow O -- O -up O -; O -only O -one O -- O -third O -of O -them O -had O -continued O -application O -irregularly O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -effect O -was O -not O -dependent O -on O -patient O -' O -s O -age O -, O -duration O -or O -localization O -of O -PHN O -( O -trigeminal O -involvement O -was O -excluded O -) O -, O -sensory O -disturbance O -or O -pain O -character O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -response O -was O -not O -correlated O -with O -the O -incidence O -, O -time O -- O -course O -or O -severity O -of O -capsaicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -burning O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -confirmed O -in O -controlled O -trials O -, O -the O -long O -- O -term O -results O -of O -this O -open O -, O -non O -- O -randomized O -study O -might O -indicate O -that O -the O -analgesic O -effect O -of O -capsaicin B-Chemical -in O -PHN O -is O -mediated O -by O -both O -interference O -with O -neuropeptide O -metabolism O -and O -morphological O -changes O -( O -perhaps O -degeneration O -) O -of O -nociceptive O -afferents O -. O - -aps B-category -Myo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inositol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -MIP B-Chemical -) O -synthase O -inhibition O -: O -in O -- O -vivo O -study O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -and O -valproate B-Chemical -are O -the O -prototypic O -mood O -stabilizers O -and O -have O -diverse O -structures O -and O -targets O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -drugs O -influence O -inositol B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -inhibits O -IMPase O -and O -valproate B-Chemical -inhibits O -MIP B-Chemical -synthase O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -shows O -that O -MIP B-Chemical -synthase O -inhibition O -does O -not O -replicate O -or O -augment O -the O -effects O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -in O -the O -inositol B-Chemical -sensitive O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -lack O -of O -effects O -may O -stem O -from O -the O -low O -contribution O -of O -de O -- O -novo O -synthesis O -to O -cellular O -inositol B-Chemical -supply O -or O -to O -the O -inhibition O -of O -the O -de O -- O -novo O -synthesis O -by O -lithium B-Chemical -itself O -. O - -aps B-category -Non O -- O -steroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drugs O -- O -associated O -acute O -interstitial O -nephritis O -with O -granular O -tubular O -basement O -membrane O -deposits O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -tubulo O -- O -interstitial O -nephritis O -( O -ATIN O -) O -is O -an O -important O -cause O -of O -acute O -renal O -failure O -resulting O -from O -a O -variety O -of O -insults O -, O -including O -immune O -complex O -- O -mediated O -tubulo O -- O -interstitial O -injury O -, O -but O -drugs O -such O -as O -non O -- O -steroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drugs O -( O -NSAIDs O -) O -are O -a O -far O -more O -frequent O -cause O -. O - -aps B-category -Overall O -, O -as O -an O -entity O -, O -ATIN O -remains O -under O -- O -diagnosed O -, O -as O -symptoms O -resolve O -spontaneously O -if O -the O -medication O -is O -stopped O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -on O -a O -14 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -boy O -who O -developed O -acute O -renal O -failure O -2 O -weeks O -after O -aortic O -valve O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -was O -put O -on O -aspirin B-Chemical -following O -surgery O -and O -took O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -for O -fever O -for O -nearly O -a O -week O -prior O -to O -presentation O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -then O -presented O -to O -the O -emergency O -department O -feeling O -quite O -ill O -and O -was O -found O -to O -have O -a O -blood B-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -( O -BUN B-Chemical -) O -concentration O -of O -of O -147 O -mg O -/ O -dl O -, O -creatinine B-Chemical -of O -15 O -. O -3 O -mg O -/ O -dl O -and O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -of O -8 O -. O -7 O -mEq O -/ O -l O -. O - -aps B-category -Dialysis O -was O -immediately O -initiated O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -kidney O -biopsy O -showed O -inflammatory O -infiltrate O -consistent O -with O -ATIN O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -the O -tubular O -basement O -membrane O -( O -TBM O -) O -, O -very O -intense O -granular O -deposits O -of O -polyclonal O -IgG O -and O -C3 O -were O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -needed O -dialysis O -for O -2 O -weeks O -and O -was O -treated O -successfully O -with O -steroids B-Chemical -for O -6 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -His O -renal O -recovery O -and O -disappearance O -of O -proteinuria O -took O -a O -year O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -this O -is O -a O -first O -report O -of O -NSAIDs O -- O -associated O -ATIN O -, O -showing O -deposits O -of O -granular O -immune O -complex O -present O -only O -in O -the O -TBM O -and O -not O -in O -the O -glomeruli O -. O - -aps B-category -Rifampicin B-Chemical -- O -associated O -segmental O -necrotizing O -glomerulonephritis O -in O -staphylococcal O -endocarditis O -. O - -aps B-category -Segmental O -necrotising O -glomerulonephritis O -has O -been O -reported O -as O -complication O -of O -rifampicin B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -patients O -receiving O -treatment O -for O -tuberculosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Changing O -epidemiology O -of O -infections O -such O -as O -infective O -endocarditis O -( O -IE O -) O -has O -led O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -use O -of O -rifampicin B-Chemical -for O -Staphylococcal O -infections O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -case O -of O -a O -patient O -with O -Staphylococcal O -IE O -who O -developed O -acute O -renal O -failure O -secondary O -to O -a O -segmental O -necrotising O -glomerulonephritis O -while O -being O -treated O -with O -rifampicin B-Chemical -, O -and O -review O -the O -literature O -regarding O -this O -complication O -of O -rifampicin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Rate O -of O -YMDD O -motif O -mutants O -in O -lamivudine B-Chemical -- O -untreated O -Iranian O -patients O -with O -chronic O -hepatitis O -B O -virus O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Lamivudine B-Chemical -is O -used O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -chronic O -hepatitis O -B O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -studies O -show O -that O -the O -YMDD O -motif O -mutants O -( O -resistant O -hepatitis O -B O -virus O -) O -occur O -as O -natural O -genome O -variability O -in O -lamivudine B-Chemical -- O -untreated O -chronic O -hepatitis O -B O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -we O -aimed O -to O -determine O -the O -rate O -of O -YMDD O -motif O -mutants O -in O -lamivudine B-Chemical -- O -untreated O -chronic O -hepatitis O -B O -patients O -in O -Iran O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -A O -total O -of O -77 O -chronic O -hepatitis O -B O -patients O -who O -had O -not O -been O -treated O -with O -lamivudine B-Chemical -were O -included O -in O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -samples O -from O -patients O -were O -tested O -by O -polymerase O -chain O -reaction O -- O -restriction O -fragment O -length O -polymorphism O -( O -PCR O -- O -RFLP O -) O -for O -detection O -of O -YMDD O -motif O -mutants O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -were O -also O -tested O -for O -liver O -enzymes O -, O -anti O -- O -HCV O -, O -HBeAg B-Chemical -, O -and O -anti O -- O -HBe O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Of O -the O -77 O -patients O -enrolled O -in O -the O -study O -, O -73 O -% O -were O -male O -and O -27 O -% O -were O -female O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -ALT O -and O -AST O -levels O -were O -124 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -73 O -. O -4 O -and O -103 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -81 O -IU O -/ O -l O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -HBeAg B-Chemical -was O -positive O -in O -40 O -% O -and O -anti O -- O -HBe O -in O -60 O -% O -of O -the O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Anti O -- O -HCV O -was O -negative O -in O -all O -of O -them O -. O - -aps B-category -YMDD O -motif O -mutants O -were O -not O -detected O -in O -any O -of O -the O -patients O -despite O -the O -liver O -enzyme O -levels O -and O -the O -presence O -of O -HBeAg B-Chemical -or O -anti O -- O -HBe O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Although O -the O -natural O -occurrence O -of O -YMDD O -motif O -mutants O -in O -lamivudine B-Chemical -- O -untreated O -patients O -with O -chronic O -hepatitis O -B O -has O -been O -reported O -, O -these O -mutants O -were O -not O -detected O -in O -Iranian O -lamivudine B-Chemical -- O -untreated O -chronic O -hepatitis O -B O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Branch O -retinal O -vein O -occlusion O -and O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -branch O -retinal O -vein O -occlusion O -associated O -with O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -secondary O -hypertension O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -an O -infrequent O -complication O -of O -selective O -serotonin B-Chemical -reuptake O -inhibitor O -therapy O -, O -it O -is O -important O -that O -ophthalmologists O -are O -aware O -that O -these O -agents O -can O -cause O -hypertension O -because O -this O -class O -of O -drugs O -is O -widely O -prescribed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -differential O -effects O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -and O -lidocaine B-Chemical -on O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -release O -, O -cyclooxygenase O -gene O -expression O -and O -pain O -in O -a O -clinical O -pain O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -In O -addition O -to O -blocking O -nociceptive O -input O -from O -surgical O -sites O -, O -long O -- O -acting O -local O -anesthetics O -might O -directly O -modulate O -inflammation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -we O -describe O -the O -proinflammatory O -effects O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -on O -local O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -( O -PGE2 B-Chemical -) O -production O -and O -cyclooxygenase O -( O -COX O -) O -gene O -expression O -that O -increases O -postoperative O -pain O -in O -human O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Subjects O -( O -n O -= O -114 O -) O -undergoing O -extraction O -of O -impacted O -third O -molars O -received O -either O -2 O -% O -lidocaine B-Chemical -or O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -before O -surgery O -and O -either O -rofecoxib B-Chemical -50 O -mg O -or O -placebo O -orally O -90 O -min O -before O -surgery O -and O -for O -the O -following O -48 O -h O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -mucosal O -biopsies O -were O -taken O -before O -surgery O -and O -48 O -h O -after O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -extraction O -, O -a O -microdialysis O -probe O -was O -placed O -at O -the O -surgical O -site O -for O -PGE2 B-Chemical -and O -thromboxane B-Chemical -B2 I-Chemical -( O -TXB2 B-Chemical -) O -measurements O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -/ O -rofecoxib B-Chemical -group O -reported O -significantly O -less O -pain O -, O -as O -assessed O -by O -a O -visual O -analog O -scale O -, O -compared O -with O -the O -other O -three O -treatment O -groups O -over O -the O -first O -4 O -h O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -/ O -placebo O -group O -reported O -significantly O -more O -pain O -at O -24 O -h O -and O -PGE2 B-Chemical -levels O -during O -the O -first O -4 O -h O -were O -significantly O -higher O -than O -the O -other O -three O -treatment O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -significantly O -increased O -COX O -- O -2 O -gene O -expression O -at O -48 O -h O -as O -compared O -with O -the O -lidocaine B-Chemical -/ O -placebo O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Thromboxane B-Chemical -levels O -were O -not O -significantly O -affected O -by O -any O -of O -the O -treatments O -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -effects O -seen O -were O -attributable O -to O -inhibition O -of O -COX O -- O -2 O -, O -but O -not O -COX O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -stimulates O -COX O -- O -2 O -gene O -expression O -after O -tissue O -injury O -, O -which O -is O -associated O -with O -higher O -PGE2 B-Chemical -production O -and O -pain O -after O -the O -local O -anesthetic O -effect O -dissipates O -. O - -aps B-category -p75NTR O -expression O -in O -rat O -urinary O -bladder O -sensory O -neurons O -and O -spinal O -cord O -with O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cystitis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -role O -for O -nerve O -growth O -factor O -( O -NGF O -) O -in O -contributing O -to O -increased O -voiding O -frequency O -and O -altered O -sensation O -from O -the O -urinary O -bladder O -has O -been O -suggested O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -studies O -have O -examined O -the O -expression O -and O -regulation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -kinase O -receptors O -( O -Trks O -) O -in O -micturition O -reflexes O -with O -urinary O -bladder O -inflammation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -studies O -examine O -the O -expression O -and O -regulation O -of O -another O -receptor O -known O -to O -bind O -NGF O -, O -p75 O -( O -NTR O -) O -, O -after O -various O -durations O -of O -bladder O -inflammation O -induced O -by O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -CYP B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CYP B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cystitis O -increased O -( O -P O -< O -or O -= O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -p75 O -( O -NTR O -) O -expression O -in O -the O -superficial O -lateral O -and O -medial O -dorsal O -horn O -in O -L1 O -- O -L2 O -and O -L6 O -- O -S1 O -spinal O -segments O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -p75 O -( O -NTR O -) O -- O -immunoreactive O -( O -- O -IR O -) O -cells O -in O -the O -lumbosacral O -dorsal O -root O -ganglia O -( O -DRG O -) O -also O -increased O -( O -P O -< O -or O -= O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -with O -CYP B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cystitis O -( O -acute O -, O -intermediate O -, O -and O -chronic O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -, O -real O -- O -time O -polymerase O -chain O -reaction O -also O -demonstrated O -significant O -increases O -( O -P O -< O -or O -= O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -in O -p75 O -( O -NTR O -) O -mRNA O -in O -DRG O -with O -intermediate O -and O -chronic O -CYP B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cystitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Retrograde O -dye O -- O -tracing O -techniques O -with O -Fastblue O -were O -used O -to O -identify O -presumptive O -bladder O -afferent O -cells O -in O -the O -lumbosacral O -DRG O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -bladder O -afferent O -cells O -in O -DRG O -, O -p75 O -( O -NTR O -) O -- O -IR O -was O -also O -increased O -( O -P O -< O -or O -= O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -with O -cystitis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -increases O -in O -p75 O -( O -NTR O -) O -- O -IR O -in O -DRG O -cell O -bodies O -, O -increases O -( O -P O -< O -or O -= O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -in O -pericellular O -( O -encircling O -DRG O -cells O -) O -p75 O -( O -NTR O -) O -- O -IR O -in O -DRG O -also O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Confocal O -analyses O -demonstrated O -that O -pericellular O -p75 O -( O -NTR O -) O -- O -IR O -was O -not O -colocalized O -with O -the O -glial O -marker O -, O -glial O -fibrillary O -acidic O -protein O -( O -GFAP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -demonstrate O -that O -p75 O -( O -NTR O -) O -expression O -in O -micturition O -reflexes O -is O -present O -constitutively O -and O -modified O -by O -bladder O -inflammation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -functional O -significance O -of O -p75 O -( O -NTR O -) O -expression O -in O -micturition O -reflexes O -remains O -to O -be O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Azathioprine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -suicidal O -erythrocyte O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Azathioprine B-Chemical -is O -widely O -used O -as O -an O -immunosuppressive O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -side O -effects O -of O -azathioprine B-Chemical -include O -anemia O -, O -which O -has O -been O -attributed O -to O -bone O -marrow O -suppression O -. O - -aps B-category -Alternatively O -, O -anemia O -could O -result O -from O -accelerated O -suicidal O -erythrocyte O -death O -or O -eryptosis O -, O -which O -is O -characterized O -by O -exposure O -of O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -( O -PS B-Chemical -) O -at O -the O -erythrocyte O -surface O -and O -by O -cell O -shrinkage O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -The O -present O -experiments O -explored O -whether O -azathioprine B-Chemical -influences O -eryptosis O -. O - -aps B-category -According O -to O -annexin O -V O -binding O -, O -erythrocytes O -from O -patients O -indeed O -showed O -a O -significant O -increase O -of O -PS B-Chemical -exposure O -within O -1 O -week O -of O -treatment O -with O -azathioprine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -second O -series O -, O -cytosolic O -Ca2 B-Chemical -+ O -activity O -( O -Fluo3 B-Chemical -fluorescence O -) O -, O -cell O -volume O -( O -forward O -scatter O -) O -, O -and O -PS B-Chemical -- O -exposure O -( O -annexin O -V O -binding O -) O -were O -determined O -by O -FACS O -analysis O -in O -erythrocytes O -from O -healthy O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Exposure O -to O -azathioprine B-Chemical -( O -> O -or O -= O -2 O -microg O -/ O -mL O -) O -for O -48 O -hours O -increased O -cytosolic O -Ca2 B-Chemical -+ O -activity O -and O -annexin O -V O -binding O -and O -decreased O -forward O -scatter O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -azathioprine B-Chemical -on O -both O -annexin O -V O -binding O -and O -forward O -scatter O -was O -significantly O -blunted O -in O -the O -nominal O -absence O -of O -extracellular O -Ca2 B-Chemical -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Azathioprine B-Chemical -triggers O -suicidal O -erythrocyte O -death O -, O -an O -effect O -presumably O -contributing O -to O -azathioprine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Levetiracetam B-Chemical -as O -an O -adjunct O -to O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -cats O -with O -suspected O -idiopathic O -epilepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -assess O -pharmacokinetics O -, O -efficacy O -, O -and O -tolerability O -of O -oral O -levetiracetam B-Chemical -administered O -as O -an O -adjunct O -to O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -cats O -with O -poorly O -controlled O -suspected O -idiopathic O -epilepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -- O -Open O -- O -label O -, O -noncomparative O -clinical O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -ANIMALS O -: O -12 O -cats O -suspected O -to O -have O -idiopathic O -epilepsy O -that O -was O -poorly O -controlled O -with O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -or O -that O -had O -unacceptable O -adverse O -effects O -when O -treated O -with O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -PROCEDURES O -: O -Cats O -were O -treated O -with O -levetiracetam B-Chemical -( O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -[ O -9 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -lb O -] O -, O -PO O -, O -q O -8 O -h O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -minimum O -of O -1 O -week O -of O -treatment O -, O -serum O -levetiracetam B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -measured O -before O -and O -2 O -, O -4 O -, O -and O -6 O -hours O -after O -drug O -administration O -, O -and O -maximum O -and O -minimum O -serum O -concentrations O -and O -elimination O -half O -- O -life O -were O -calculated O -. O - -aps B-category -Seizure O -frequencies O -before O -and O -after O -initiation O -of O -levetiracetam B-Chemical -treatment O -were O -compared O -, O -and O -adverse O -effects O -were O -recorded O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Median O -maximum O -serum O -levetiracetam B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -25 O -. O -5 O -microg O -/ O -mL O -, O -median O -minimum O -serum O -levetiracetam B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -8 O -. O -3 O -microg O -/ O -mL O -, O -and O -median O -elimination O -half O -- O -life O -was O -2 O -. O -9 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Median O -seizure O -frequency O -prior O -to O -treatment O -with O -levetiracetam B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -1 O -seizures O -/ O -mo O -) O -was O -significantly O -higher O -than O -median O -seizure O -frequency O -after O -initiation O -of O -levetiracetam B-Chemical -treatment O -( O -0 O -. O -42 O -seizures O -/ O -mo O -) O -, O -and O -7 O -of O -10 O -cats O -were O -classified O -as O -having O -responded O -to O -levetiracetam B-Chemical -treatment O -( O -ie O -, O -reduction O -in O -seizure O -frequency O -of O -> O -or O -= O -50 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -cats O -had O -transient O -lethargy O -and O -inappetence O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -AND O -CLINICAL O -RELEVANCE O -: O -Results O -suggested O -that O -levetiracetam B-Chemical -is O -well O -tolerated O -in O -cats O -and O -may O -be O -useful O -as O -an O -adjunct O -to O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -cats O -with O -idiopathic O -epilepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Serotonin B-Chemical -reuptake O -inhibitors O -, O -paranoia O -, O -and O -the O -ventral O -basal O -ganglia O -. O - -aps B-category -Antidepressants O -have O -previously O -been O -associated O -with O -paranoid O -reactions O -in O -psychiatric O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -cases O -of O -paranoid O -exacerbation O -with O -the O -serotonin B-Chemical -reuptake O -inhibitors O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -and O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -are O -reported O -here O -. O - -aps B-category -Elements O -common O -to O -these O -cases O -included O -a O -history O -of O -paranoid O -symptomatology O -and O -the O -concomitant O -occurrence O -of O -depressive O -and O -psychotic O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Complicated O -depressive O -disorders O -( O -including O -atypicality O -of O -course O -and O -symptomatology O -, O -chronicity O -, O -psychosis O -, O -bipolarity O -, O -and O -secondary O -onset O -in O -the O -course O -of O -a O -primary O -psychosis O -) O -may O -present O -particular O -vulnerability O -to O -paranoid O -exacerbations O -associated O -with O -serotonin B-Chemical -reuptake O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -pharmacology O -and O -neurobiology O -of O -paranoia O -remain O -cryptic O -, O -several O -mechanisms O -, O -including O -5HT3 O -receptor O -- O -mediated O -dopamine B-Chemical -release O -, O -beta O -- O -noradrenergic O -receptor O -downregulation O -, O -or O -GABAB O -receptor O -upregulation O -acting O -in O -the O -vicinity O -of O -the O -ventral O -basal O -ganglia O -( O -possibly O -in O -lateral O -orbitofrontal O -or O -anterior O -cingulate O -circuits O -) O -, O -might O -apply O -to O -this O -phenomenon O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -cases O -call O -attention O -to O -possible O -paranoid O -exacerbations O -with O -serotonin B-Chemical -reuptake O -blockers O -in O -select O -patients O -and O -raise O -neurobiological O -considerations O -regarding O -paranoia O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -comparison O -of O -cardiorespiratory O -effects O -during O -unilateral O -and O -conventional O -spinal O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Spinal O -anaesthesia O -is O -widely O -employed O -in O -clinical O -practice O -but O -has O -the O -main O -drawback O -of O -post O -- O -spinal O -block O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Efforts O -must O -therefore O -continue O -to O -be O -made O -to O -obviate O -this O -setback O -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -evaluate O -the O -cardiovascular O -and O -respiratory O -changes O -during O -unilateral O -and O -conventional O -spinal O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -With O -ethical O -approval O -, O -we O -studied O -74 O -American O -Society O -of O -Anesthesiologists O -( O -ASA O -) O -, O -physical O -status O -class O -1 O -and O -2 O -patients O -scheduled O -for O -elective O -unilateral O -lower O -limb O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -randomly O -allocated O -into O -one O -of O -two O -groups O -: O -lateral O -and O -conventional O -spinal O -anaesthesia O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -lateral O -position O -with O -operative O -side O -down O -, O -patients O -recived O -10 O -mg O -( O -2mls O -) O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -hyperbaric O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -through O -a O -25 O -- O -gauge O -spinal O -needle O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -in O -the O -unilateral O -group O -were O -maintained O -in O -the O -lateral O -position O -for O -15 O -minutes O -following O -spinal O -injection O -while O -those O -in O -the O -conventional O -group O -were O -turned O -supine O -immediately O -after O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -pressure O -, O -heart O -rate O -, O -respiratory O -rate O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -were O -monitored O -over O -1 O -hour O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Three O -patients O -( O -8 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -in O -the O -unilateral O -group O -and O -5 O -( O -13 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -in O -the O -conventional O -group O -developed O -hypotension O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -71 O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -( O -10 O -. O -8 O -% O -) O -patients O -in O -the O -conventional O -group O -and O -1 O -( O -2 O -. O -7 O -% O -) O -in O -the O -unilateral O -group O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -17 O -required O -epinephrine B-Chemical -infusion O -to O -treat O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -in O -the O -conventional O -group O -had O -statistically O -significant O -greater O -fall O -in O -the O -systolic O -blood O -pressures O -at O -15 O -, O -30 O -and O -45 O -minutes O -when O -compared O -to O -the O -baseline O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -003 O -, O -0 O -. O -001 O -and O -0 O -. O -004 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -respiratory O -rate O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturations O -in O -the O -two O -groups O -were O -similar O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Compared O -to O -conventional O -spinal O -anaesthesia O -, O -unilateral O -spinal O -anaesthesia O -was O -associated O -with O -fewer O -cardiovascular O -perturbations O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -the O -type O -of O -spinal O -block O -instituted O -affected O -neither O -the O -respiratory O -rate O -nor O -the O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectrum O -of O -adverse O -events O -after O -generic O -HAART O -in O -southern O -Indian O -HIV O -- O -infected O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -determine O -the O -incidence O -of O -clinically O -significant O -adverse O -events O -after O -long O -- O -term O -, O -fixed O -- O -dose O -, O -generic O -highly O -active O -antiretroviral O -therapy O -( O -HAART O -) O -use O -among O -HIV O -- O -infected O -individuals O -in O -South O -India O -, O -we O -examined O -the O -experiences O -of O -3154 O -HIV O -- O -infected O -individuals O -who O -received O -a O -minimum O -of O -3 O -months O -of O -generic O -HAART O -between O -February O -1996 O -and O -December O -2006 O -at O -a O -tertiary O -HIV O -care O -referral O -center O -in O -South O -India O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -common O -regimens O -were O -3TC B-Chemical -+ O -d4T B-Chemical -+ O -nevirapine B-Chemical -( O -NVP B-Chemical -) O -( O -54 O -. O -8 O -% O -) O -, O -zidovudine B-Chemical -( O -AZT B-Chemical -) O -+ O -3TC B-Chemical -+ O -NVP B-Chemical -( O -14 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -, O -3TC B-Chemical -+ O -d4T B-Chemical -+ O -efavirenz B-Chemical -( O -EFV B-Chemical -) O -( O -20 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -AZT B-Chemical -+ O -3TC B-Chemical -+ O -EFV B-Chemical -( O -5 O -. O -4 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -common O -adverse O -events O -and O -median O -CD4 O -at O -time O -of O -event O -were O -rash O -( O -15 O -. O -2 O -% O -; O -CD4 O -, O -285 O -cells O -/ O -microL O -) O -and O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -( O -9 O -. O -0 O -% O -and O -348 O -cells O -/ O -microL O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinically O -significant O -anemia O -( O -hemoglobin O -< O -7 O -g O -/ O -dL O -) O -was O -observed O -in O -5 O -. O -4 O -% O -of O -patients O -( O -CD4 O -, O -165 O -cells O -/ O -microL O -) O -and O -hepatitis O -( O -clinical O -jaundice O -with O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -> O -5 O -times O -upper O -limits O -of O -normal O -) O -in O -3 O -. O -5 O -% O -of O -patients O -( O -CD4 O -, O -260 O -cells O -/ O -microL O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Women O -were O -significantly O -more O -likely O -to O -experience O -lactic O -acidosis O -, O -while O -men O -were O -significantly O -more O -likely O -to O -experience O -immune O -reconstitution O -syndrome O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -patients O -with O -1 O -year O -of O -follow O -- O -up O -, O -NVP B-Chemical -therapy O -was O -significantly O -associated O -with O -developing O -rash O -and O -d4T B-Chemical -therapy O -with O -developing O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Anemia O -and O -hepatitis O -often O -occur O -within O -12 O -weeks O -of O -initiating O -generic O -HAART O -. O - -aps B-category -Frequent O -and O -early O -monitoring O -for O -these O -toxicities O -is O -warranted O -in O -developing O -countries O -where O -generic O -HAART O -is O -increasingly O -available O -. O - -aps B-category -Thalidomide B-Chemical -and O -sensory O -neurotoxicity O -: O -a O -neurophysiological O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Recent O -studies O -confirmed O -a O -high O -incidence O -of O -sensory O -axonal O -neuropathy O -in O -patients O -treated O -with O -different O -doses O -of O -thalidomide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -' O -s O -aims O -were O -to O -measure O -variations O -in O -sural O -nerve O -sensory O -action O -potential O -( O -SAP O -) O -amplitude O -in O -patients O -with O -refractory O -cutaneous O -lupus O -erythematosus O -( O -CLE O -) O -treated O -with O -thalidomide B-Chemical -and O -use O -these O -findings O -to O -identify O -the O -neurotoxic O -potential O -of O -thalidomide B-Chemical -and O -the O -recovery O -capacity O -of O -sensory O -fibres O -after O -discontinuation O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -Clinical O -and O -electrophysiological O -data O -in O -12 O -female O -patients O -with O -CLE O -during O -treatment O -with O -thalidomide B-Chemical -and O -up O -to O -47 O -months O -after O -discontinuation O -of O -treatment O -were O -analysed O -. O - -aps B-category -Sural O -nerve O -SAP O -amplitude O -reduction O -> O -or O -= O -40 O -% O -was O -the O -criteria O -for O -discontinuing O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -During O -treatment O -, O -11 O -patients O -showed O -a O -reduction O -in O -sural O -nerve O -SAP O -amplitude O -compared O -to O -baseline O -values O -( O -9 O -with O -a O -reduction O -> O -or O -= O -50 O -% O -and O -2 O -< O -50 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -patient O -showed O -no O -changes O -in O -SAP O -amplitude O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -patients O -complained O -of O -paresthesias O -and O -leg O -cramps O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -thalidomide B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -sural O -SAP O -amplitude O -recovered O -in O -3 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -detection O -of O -reduction O -in O -sural O -nerve O -SAP O -amplitude O -, O -the O -median O -thalidomide B-Chemical -cumulative O -dose O -was O -21 O -. O -4 O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -threshold O -neurotoxic O -dosage O -is O -lower O -than O -previously O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Sural O -nerve O -SAP O -amplitude O -reduction O -is O -a O -reliable O -and O -sensitive O -marker O -of O -degeneration O -and O -recovery O -of O -sensory O -fibres O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -electrophysiological O -parameter O -provides O -information O -about O -subclinical O -neurotoxic O -potential O -of O -thalidomide B-Chemical -but O -is O -not O -helpful O -in O -predicting O -the O -appearance O -of O -sensory O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -cases O -of O -encephalitis O -during O -treatment O -of O -loiasis O -with O -diethylcarbamazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -cases O -of O -encephalitis O -following O -treatment O -with O -diethylcarbamazine B-Chemical -( O -DEC B-Chemical -) O -were O -observed O -in O -Congolese O -patients O -with O -Loa O -loa O -filariasis O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -cases O -had O -a O -fatal O -outcome O -and O -one O -resulted O -in O -severe O -sequelae O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -notable O -fact O -was O -that O -this O -complication O -occurred O -in O -three O -patients O -hospitalized O -before O -treatment O -began O -, O -with O -whom O -particularly O -strict O -therapeutic O -precautions O -were O -taken O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -initial O -dose O -less O -than O -10 O -mg O -of O -DEC B-Chemical -, O -very O -gradual O -dose O -increases O -, O -and O -associated O -anti O -- O -allergic O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -type O -of O -drug O -- O -induced O -complication O -may O -not O -be O -that O -uncommon O -in O -highly O -endemic O -regions O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -occurs O -primarily O -, O -but O -not O -exclusively O -, O -in O -subjects O -presenting O -with O -a O -high O -microfilarial O -load O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -between O -the O -occurrence O -of O -encephalitis O -and O -the O -decrease O -in O -microfilaremia O -is O -evident O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pathophysiological O -mechanisms O -are O -discussed O -in O -the O -light O -of O -these O -observations O -and O -the O -few O -other O -comments O -on O -this O -subject O -published O -in O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -Amiodarone B-Chemical -- O -related O -pulmonary O -mass O -and O -unique O -membranous O -glomerulonephritis O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -valvular O -heart O -disease O -: O -Diagnostic O -pitfall O -and O -new O -findings O -. O - -aps B-category -Amiodarone B-Chemical -is O -an O -anti O -- O -arrhythmic O -drug O -for O -life O -- O -threatening O -tachycardia O -, O -but O -various O -adverse O -effects O -have O -been O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Reported O -herein O -is O -an O -autopsy O -case O -of O -valvular O -heart O -disease O -, O -in O -a O -patient O -who O -developed O -a O -lung O -mass O -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -cm O -in O -diameter O -) O -and O -proteinuria O -( O -2 O -. O -76 O -g O -/ O -day O -) O -after O -treatment O -with O -amiodarone B-Chemical -for O -a O -long O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lung O -mass O -was O -highly O -suspected O -to O -be O -lung O -cancer O -on O -CT O -and O -positron O -emission O -tomography O -, O -but O -histologically O -the O -lesion O -was O -composed O -of O -lymphoplasmacytic O -infiltrates O -in O -alveolar O -walls O -and O -intra O -- O -alveolar O -accumulation O -of O -foamy O -macrophages O -containing O -characteristic O -myelinoid O -bodies O -, O -indicating O -that O -it O -was O -an O -amiodarone B-Chemical -- O -related O -lesion O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -lung O -tissue O -had O -unevenly O -distributed O -hemosiderin O -deposition O -, O -and O -abnormally O -tortuous O -capillaries O -were O -seen O -in O -the O -mass O -and O -in O -heavily O -hemosiderotic O -lung O -portions O -outside O -the O -mass O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -kidneys O -, O -glomeruli O -had O -membrane O -spikes O -, O -prominent O -swelling O -of O -podocytes O -and O -subepithelial O -deposits O -, O -which O -were O -sometimes O -large O -and O -hump O -- O -like O -. O - -aps B-category -Autoimmune O -diseases O -, O -viral O -hepatitis O -, O -malignant O -neoplasms O -or O -other O -diseases O -with O -a O -known O -relationship O -to O -membranous O -glomerulonephritis O -were O -not O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -case O -highlights O -the O -possibility O -that O -differential O -diagnosis O -between O -an O -amiodarone B-Chemical -- O -related O -pulmonary O -lesion O -and O -a O -neoplasm O -can O -be O -very O -difficult O -radiologically O -, O -and O -suggests O -that O -membranous O -glomerulonephritis O -might O -be O -another O -possible O -complication O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Risk O -of O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -associated O -with O -initial O -sulphonylurea B-Chemical -treatment O -of O -patients O -with O -type O -2 O -diabetes O -: O -a O -matched O -case O -- O -control O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -AIMS O -: O -This O -study O -sought O -to O -assess O -the O -risk O -of O -developing O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -( O -CAD O -) O -associated O -with O -initial O -treatment O -of O -type O -2 O -diabetes O -with O -different O -sulphonylureas B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -In O -type O -2 O -diabetic O -patients O -, O -cases O -who O -developed O -CAD O -were O -compared O -retrospectively O -with O -controls O -that O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -20 O -- O -year O -risk O -of O -CAD O -at O -diagnosis O -of O -diabetes O -, O -using O -the O -UKPDS O -risk O -engine O -, O -was O -used O -to O -match O -cases O -with O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -76 O -cases O -of O -CAD O -were O -compared O -with O -152 O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hazard O -of O -developing O -CAD O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -) O -associated O -with O -initial O -treatment O -increased O -by O -2 O -. O -4 O -- O -fold O -( O -1 O -. O -3 O -- O -4 O -. O -3 O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -004 O -) O -with O -glibenclamide B-Chemical -; O -2 O -- O -fold O -( O -0 O -. O -9 O -- O -4 O -. O -6 O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -099 O -) O -with O -glipizide B-Chemical -; O -2 O -. O -9 O -- O -fold O -( O -1 O -. O -6 O -- O -5 O -. O -1 O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -000 O -) O -with O -either O -, O -and O -was O -unchanged O -with O -metformin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hazard O -decreased O -0 O -. O -3 O -- O -fold O -( O -0 O -. O -7 O -- O -1 O -. O -7 O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -385 O -) O -with O -glimepiride B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -4 O -- O -fold O -( O -0 O -. O -7 O -- O -1 O -. O -3 O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -192 O -) O -with O -gliclazide B-Chemical -, O -and O -0 O -. O -4 O -- O -fold O -( O -0 O -. O -7 O -- O -1 O -. O -1 O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -09 O -) O -with O -either O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Initiating O -treatment O -of O -type O -2 O -diabetes O -with O -glibenclamide B-Chemical -or O -glipizide B-Chemical -is O -associated O -with O -increased O -risk O -of O -CAD O -in O -comparison O -to O -gliclazide B-Chemical -or O -glimepiride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -If O -confirmed O -, O -this O -may O -be O -important O -because O -most O -Indian O -patients O -receive O -the O -cheaper O -older O -sulphonylureas B-Chemical -, O -and O -present O -guidelines O -do O -not O -distinguish O -between O -individual O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -progression O -of O -adriamycin B-Chemical -nephropathy O -in O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -treated O -by O -losartan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -The O -aim O -of O -the O -study O -was O -to O -investigate O -the O -antihypertensive O -effects O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -type O -- O -1 O -receptor O -blocker O -, O -losartan B-Chemical -, O -and O -its O -potential O -in O -slowing O -down O -renal O -disease O -progression O -in O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -( O -SHR O -) O -with O -adriamycin B-Chemical -( O -ADR B-Chemical -) O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Six O -- O -month O -- O -old O -female O -SHR O -were O -randomly O -selected O -in O -six O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -control O -groups O -( O -SH O -( O -6 O -) O -, O -SH O -( O -12 O -) O -) O -received O -vehicle O -. O - -aps B-category -Groups O -ADR B-Chemical -( O -6 O -) O -, O -ADR B-Chemical -+ O -LOS B-Chemical -( O -6 O -) O -and O -ADR B-Chemical -( O -12 O -) O -, O -and O -ADR B-Chemical -+ O -LOS B-Chemical -( O -12 O -) O -received O -ADR B-Chemical -( O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -b O -. O -w O -. O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -twice O -in O -a O -3 O -- O -week O -interval O -. O - -aps B-category -Group O -ADR B-Chemical -+ O -LOS B-Chemical -( O -6 O -) O -received O -losartan B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -b O -. O -w O -. O -/ O -day O -by O -gavages O -) O -for O -6 O -weeks O -and O -group O -ADR B-Chemical -+ O -LOS B-Chemical -( O -12 O -) O -for O -12 O -weeks O -after O -second O -injection O -of O -ADR B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -were O -killed O -after O -6 O -or O -12 O -weeks O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Haemodynamic O -measurements O -were O -performed O -on O -anaesthetized O -animals O -, O -blood O -and O -urine O -samples O -were O -taken O -for O -biochemical O -analysis O -and O -the O -left O -kidney O -was O -processed O -for O -morphological O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Short O -- O -term O -losartan B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -besides O -antihypertensive O -effect O -, O -improved O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -and O -ameliorated O -glomerulosclerosis O -resulting O -in O -decreased O -proteinuria O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolonged O -treatment O -with O -losartan B-Chemical -showed O -further O -reduction O -of O -glomerulosclerosis O -associated O -with O -reduced O -progression O -of O -tubular O -atrophy O -and O -interstitial O -fibrosis O -, O -thus O -preventing O -heavy O -proteinuria O -and O -chronic O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Losartan B-Chemical -reduced O -uraemia O -and O -increased O -urea B-Chemical -clearance O -in O -advanced O -ADR B-Chemical -nephropathy O -in O -SHR O -. O - -aps B-category -Histological O -examination O -showed O -that O -losartan B-Chemical -could O -prevent O -tubular O -atrophy O -, O -interstitial O -infiltration O -and O -fibrosis O -in O -ADR B-Chemical -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Losartan B-Chemical -reduces O -the O -rate O -of O -progression O -of O -ADR B-Chemical -- O -induced O -focal O -segmental O -glomerulosclerosis O -to O -end O -- O -stage O -renal O -disease O -in O -SHR O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -risks O -of O -aprotinin O -and O -tranexamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -cardiac O -surgery O -: O -a O -one O -- O -year O -follow O -- O -up O -of O -1188 O -consecutive O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Our O -aim O -was O -to O -investigate O -postoperative O -complications O -and O -mortality O -after O -administration O -of O -aprotinin O -compared O -to O -tranexamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -an O -unselected O -, O -consecutive O -cohort O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Perioperative O -data O -from O -consecutive O -cardiac O -surgery O -patients O -were O -prospectively O -collected O -between O -September O -2005 O -and O -June O -2006 O -in O -a O -university O -- O -affiliated O -clinic O -( O -n O -= O -1188 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -first O -5 O -mo O -, O -596 O -patients O -received O -aprotinin O -( O -Group O -A O -) O -; O -in O -the O -next O -5 O -mo O -, O -592 O -patients O -were O -treated O -with O -tranexamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -Group O -T O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Except O -for O -antifibrinolytic O -therapy O -, O -the O -anesthetic O -and O -surgical O -protocols O -remained O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -pre O -- O -and O -intraoperative O -variables O -were O -comparable O -between O -the O -treatment O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Postoperatively O -, O -a O -significantly O -higher O -incidence O -of O -seizures O -was O -found O -in O -Group O -T O -( O -4 O -. O -6 O -% O -vs O -1 O -. O -2 O -% O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -difference O -was O -also O -significant O -in O -the O -primary O -valve O -surgery O -and O -the O -high O -risk O -surgery O -subgroups O -( O -7 O -. O -9 O -% O -vs O -1 O -. O -2 O -% O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -003 O -; O -7 O -. O -3 O -% O -vs O -2 O -. O -4 O -% O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -035 O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Persistent O -atrial O -fibrillation O -( O -7 O -. O -9 O -% O -vs O -2 O -. O -3 O -% O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -020 O -) O -and O -renal O -failure O -( O -9 O -. O -7 O -% O -vs O -1 O -. O -7 O -% O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -002 O -) O -were O -also O -more O -common O -in O -Group O -T O -, O -in O -the O -primary O -valve O -surgery O -subgroup O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -contrary O -, O -among O -primary O -coronary O -artery O -bypass O -surgery O -patients O -, O -there O -were O -more O -acute O -myocardial O -infarctions O -and O -renal O -dysfunction O -in O -Group O -A O -( O -5 O -. O -8 O -% O -vs O -2 O -. O -0 O -% O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -027 O -; O -22 O -. O -5 O -% O -vs O -15 O -. O -2 O -% O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -036 O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -1 O -- O -yr O -mortality O -was O -significantly O -higher O -after O -aprotinin O -treatment O -in O -the O -high O -risk O -surgery O -group O -( O -17 O -. O -7 O -% O -vs O -9 O -. O -8 O -% O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -034 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Both O -antifibrinolytic O -drugs O -bear O -the O -risk O -of O -adverse O -outcome O -depending O -on O -the O -type O -of O -cardiac O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -aprotinin O -should O -be O -avoided O -in O -coronary O -artery O -bypass O -graft O -and O -high O -risk O -patients O -, O -whereas O -administration O -of O -tranexamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -is O -not O -recommended O -in O -valve O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -Delirium O -in O -an O -elderly O -woman O -possibly O -associated O -with O -administration O -of O -misoprostol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Misoprostol B-Chemical -has O -been O -associated O -with O -adverse O -reactions O -, O -including O -gastrointestinal O -symptoms O -, O -gynecologic O -problems O -, O -and O -headache O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -mental O -status O -, O -however O -, O -have O -not O -been O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -present O -a O -case O -in O -which O -an O -89 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -in O -a O -long O -- O -term O -care O -facility O -became O -confused O -after O -the O -initiation O -of O -misoprostol B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -' O -s O -change O -in O -mental O -status O -was O -first O -reported O -nine O -days O -after O -the O -initiation O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Her O -delirium O -significantly O -improved O -after O -misoprostol B-Chemical -was O -discontinued O -and O -her O -mental O -status O -returned O -to O -normal O -within O -a O -week O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -no O -other O -factors O -related O -to O -this O -patient O -changed O -significantly O -, O -the O -delirium O -experienced O -by O -this O -patient O -possibly O -resulted O -from O -misoprostol B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biological O -properties O -of O -the O -optical O -isomers O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -their O -effects O -on O -cardiac O -arrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optical O -isomers O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -have O -been O -compared O -for O -their O -beta O -- O -blocking O -and O -antiarrhythmic O -activities O -. O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -blocking O -the O -positive O -inotropic O -and O -chronotropic O -responses O -to O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -propranolol B-Chemical -had O -less O -than O -one O -hundredth O -the O -potency O -of O -( O -- O -) O -- O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -dose O -levels O -of O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -propranolol B-Chemical -which O -attenuated O -the O -responses O -to O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -prolongation O -of O -the O -PR O -interval O -of O -the O -electrocardiogram O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolic O -responses O -to O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -in O -dogs O -( O -an O -increase O -in O -circulating O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -) O -were O -all O -blocked O -by O -( O -- O -) O -- O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -( O -+ O -) O -- O -Propranolol B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -on O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -mobilization O -but O -significantly O -reduced O -the O -increments O -in O -both O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -isomers O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -possessed O -similar O -depressant O -potency O -on O -isolated O -atrial O -muscle O -taken O -from O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -isomers O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -exhibited O -similar O -local O -anaesthetic O -potencies O -on O -an O -isolated O -frog O -nerve O -preparation O -at O -a O -level O -approximately O -three O -times O -that O -of O -procaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -racemic O -compound O -was O -significantly O -less O -potent O -than O -either O -isomer O -. O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -isomers O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -were O -capable O -of O -preventing O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiac O -arrhythmias O -in O -cats O -anaesthetized O -with O -halothane B-Chemical -, O -but O -the O -mean O -dose O -of O -( O -- O -) O -- O -propranolol B-Chemical -was O -0 O -. O -09 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -02 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -whereas O -that O -of O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -propranolol B-Chemical -was O -4 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -effective O -dose O -level O -of O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -propranolol B-Chemical -there O -was O -a O -significant O -prolongation O -of O -the O -PR O -interval O -of O -the O -electrocardiogram O -. O - -aps B-category -Blockade O -of O -arrhythmias O -with O -both O -isomers O -was O -surmountable O -by O -increasing O -the O -dose O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -. O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -isomers O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -were O -also O -capable O -of O -reversing O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -caused O -by O -ouabain B-Chemical -in O -anaesthetized O -cats O -and O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -of O -( O -- O -) O -- O -propranolol B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -smaller O -than O -that O -of O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -both O -species O -but O -much O -higher O -than O -that O -required O -to O -produce O -evidence O -of O -beta O -- O -blockade O -. O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -implications O -of O -these O -results O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Topotecan B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -radiotherapy O -in O -unresectable O -glioblastoma O -: O -a O -phase O -2 O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Improving O -glioblastoma O -multiforme O -( O -GBM O -) O -treatment O -with O -radio O -- O -chemotherapy O -remains O -a O -challenge O -. O - -aps B-category -Topotecan B-Chemical -is O -an O -attractive O -option O -as O -it O -exhibits O -growth O -inhibition O -of O -human O -glioma O -as O -well O -as O -brain O -penetration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -assessed O -the O -combination O -of O -radiotherapy O -( O -60 O -Gy O -/ O -30 O -fractions O -/ O -40 O -days O -) O -and O -topotecan B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -9 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -/ O -day O -on O -days O -1 O -- O -5 O -on O -weeks O -1 O -, O -3 O -and O -5 O -) O -in O -50 O -adults O -with O -histologically O -proven O -and O -untreated O -GBM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -non O -- O -hematological O -toxicities O -was O -low O -and O -grade O -3 O -- O -4 O -hematological O -toxicities O -were O -reported O -in O -20 O -patients O -( O -mainly O -lymphopenia O -and O -neutropenia O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Partial O -response O -and O -stabilization O -rates O -were O -2 O -% O -and O -32 O -% O -, O -respectively O -, O -with O -an O -overall O -time O -to O -progression O -of O -12 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -- O -year O -overall O -survival O -( O -OS O -) O -rate O -was O -42 O -% O -, O -with O -a O -median O -OS O -of O -40 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Topotecan B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -radiotherapy O -was O -well O -tolerated O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -while O -response O -and O -stabilization O -concerned O -one O -- O -third O -of O -the O -patients O -, O -the O -study O -did O -not O -show O -increased O -benefits O -in O -terms O -of O -survival O -in O -patients O -with O -unresectable O -GBM O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -leading O -to O -hyperparathyroidism O -: O -a O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -This O -paper O -reviews O -the O -effect O -of O -chronic O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -on O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -level O -and O -parathyroid O -glands O -, O -its O -pathogenesis O -, O -and O -treatment O -options O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -examined O -the O -case O -of O -a O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patient O -who O -had O -recurrent O -hypercalcemia O -to O -better O -understand O -the O -disease O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Primary O -hyperparathyroidism O -is O -a O -rare O -but O -potentially O -life O -- O -threatening O -side O -effect O -of O -long O -- O -term O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Careful O -patient O -selection O -and O -long O -- O -term O -follow O -- O -up O -can O -reduce O -morbidity O -. O - -aps B-category -PRACTICAL O -IMPLICATIONS O -: O -As O -much O -as O -15 O -% O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -become O -hypercalcemic O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -routinely O -monitoring O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -, O -healthcare O -providers O -can O -improve O -the O -quality O -of O -life O -of O -this O -patient O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -laryngeal O -mask O -with O -endotracheal O -tube O -for O -anesthesia O -in O -endoscopic O -sinus O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -compare O -surgical O -conditions O -, O -including O -the O -amount O -of O -intraoperative O -bleeding O -as O -well O -as O -intraoperative O -blood O -pressure O -, O -during O -functional O -endoscopic O -sinus O -surgery O -( O -FESS O -) O -using O -flexible O -reinforced O -laryngeal O -mask O -airway O -( O -FRLMA O -) O -versus O -endotracheal O -tube O -( O -ETT O -) O -in O -maintaining O -controlled O -hypotension O -anesthesia O -induced O -by O -propofol B-Chemical -- O -remifentanil B-Chemical -total O -i O -. O -v O -. O -anesthesia O -( O -TIVA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Sixty O -normotensive O -American O -Society O -of O -Anesthesiologists O -I O -- O -II O -adult O -patients O -undergoing O -FESS O -under O -controlled O -hypotension O -anesthesia O -caused O -by O -propofol B-Chemical -- O -remifentanil B-Chemical -- O -TIVA O -were O -randomly O -assigned O -into O -two O -groups O -: O -group O -I O -, O -FRLMA O -; O -group O -II O -, O -ETT O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemorrhage O -was O -measured O -and O -the O -visibility O -of O -the O -operative O -field O -was O -evaluated O -according O -to O -a O -six O -- O -point O -scale O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Controlled O -hypotension O -was O -achieved O -within O -a O -shorter O -period O -using O -laryngeal O -mask O -using O -lower O -rates O -of O -remifentanil B-Chemical -infusion O -and O -lower O -total O -dose O -of O -remifentanil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -In O -summary O -, O -our O -results O -indicate O -that O -airway O -management O -using O -FRLMA O -during O -controlled O -hypotension O -anesthesia O -provided O -better O -surgical O -conditions O -in O -terms O -of O -quality O -of O -operative O -field O -and O -blood O -loss O -and O -allowed O -for O -convenient O -induced O -hypotension O -with O -low O -doses O -of O -remifentanil B-Chemical -during O -TIVA O -in O -patients O -undergoing O -FESS O -. O - -aps B-category -Nonalcoholic O -fatty O -liver O -disease O -during O -valproate B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Valproic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -VPA B-Chemical -) O -is O -effective O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -many O -types O -of O -epilepsy O -, O -but O -its O -use O -can O -be O -associated O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -body O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -nonalcoholic O -fatty O -liver O -disease O -( O -NAFLD O -) O -arising O -in O -a O -child O -who O -developed O -obesity O -during O -VPA B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Laboratory O -data O -revealed O -hyperinsulinemia O -with O -insulin O -resistance O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -withdrawal O -of O -VPA B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -our O -patient O -showed O -a O -significant O -weight O -loss O -, O -a O -decrease O -of O -body O -mass O -index O -, O -and O -normalization O -of O -metabolic O -and O -endocrine O -parameters O -; O -moreover O -, O -ultrasound O -measurements O -showed O -a O -complete O -normalization O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -case O -suggests O -that O -obesity O -, O -hyperinsulinemia O -, O -insulin O -resistance O -, O -and O -long O -- O -term O -treatment O -with O -VPA B-Chemical -may O -be O -all O -associated O -with O -the O -development O -of O -NAFLD O -; O -this O -side O -effect O -is O -reversible O -after O -VPA B-Chemical -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbimazole B-Chemical -induced O -ANCA O -positive O -vasculitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thyroid I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -, O -like O -carbimazole B-Chemical -and O -propylthiouracil B-Chemical -( O -PTU B-Chemical -) O -are O -commonly O -prescribed O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -hyperthyroidism O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -should O -be O -aware O -of O -the O -side O -effects O -of O -antithyroid B-Chemical -medications I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Antineutrophil O -cytoplasmic O -antibody O -( O -ANCA O -) O -- O -- O -associated O -vasculitis O -is O -a O -potentially O -life O -- O -threatening O -adverse O -effect O -of O -antithyroidmedications B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -patient O -with O -Graves O -' O -disease O -who O -developed O -ANCA O -positive O -carbimazole B-Chemical -induced O -vasculitis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -episode O -was O -characterized O -by O -a O -vasculitic O -skin O -rash O -associated O -with O -large O -joint O -arthritis O -, O -pyrexia O -and O -parotiditis O -but O -no O -renal O -or O -pulmonary O -involvement O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -was O -referred O -to O -us O -for O -neurological O -evaluation O -because O -he O -had O -difficulty O -in O -getting O -up O -from O -squatting O -position O -and O -was O -suspected O -to O -have O -myositis O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbimazole B-Chemical -and O -methimazole B-Chemical -have O -a O -lower O -incidence O -of O -reported O -ANCA O -positive O -side O -effects O -than O -PUT O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -the O -best O -of O -our O -knowledge O -this O -is O -the O -first O -ANCA O -positive O -carbimazole B-Chemical -induced O -vasculitis O -case O -reported O -from O -India O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspirin B-Chemical -for O -the O -primary O -prevention O -of O -cardiovascular O -events O -: O -an O -update O -of O -the O -evidence O -for O -the O -U O -. O -S O -. O - -aps B-category -Preventive O -Services O -Task O -Force O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Coronary O -heart O -disease O -and O -cerebrovascular O -disease O -are O -leading O -causes O -of O -death O -in O -the O -United O -States O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -2002 O -, O -the O -U O -. O -S O -. O - -aps B-category -Preventive O -Services O -Task O -Force O -( O -USPSTF O -) O -strongly O -recommended O -that O -clinicians O -discuss O -aspirin B-Chemical -with O -adults O -who O -are O -at O -increased O -risk O -for O -coronary O -heart O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -To O -determine O -the O -benefits O -and O -harms O -of O -taking O -aspirin B-Chemical -for O -the O -primary O -prevention O -of O -myocardial O -infarctions O -, O -strokes O -, O -and O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -DATA O -SOURCES O -: O -MEDLINE O -and O -Cochrane O -Library O -( O -search O -dates O -, O -1 O -January O -2001 O -to O -28 O -August O -2008 O -) O -, O -recent O -systematic O -reviews O -, O -reference O -lists O -of O -retrieved O -articles O -, O -and O -suggestions O -from O -experts O -. O - -aps B-category -STUDY O -SELECTION O -: O -English O -- O -language O -randomized O -, O -controlled O -trials O -( O -RCTs O -) O -; O -case O -- O -control O -studies O -; O -meta O -- O -analyses O -; O -and O -systematic O -reviews O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -versus O -control O -for O -the O -primary O -prevention O -of O -cardiovascular O -disease O -( O -CVD O -) O -were O -selected O -to O -answer O -the O -following O -questions O -: O -Does O -aspirin B-Chemical -decrease O -coronary O -heart O -events O -, O -strokes O -, O -death O -from O -coronary O -heart O -events O -or O -stroke O -, O -or O -all O -- O -cause O -mortality O -in O -adults O -without O -known O -CVD O -? O - -aps B-category -Does O -aspirin B-Chemical -increase O -gastrointestinal O -bleeding O -or O -hemorrhagic O -strokes O -? O - -aps B-category -DATA O -EXTRACTION O -: O -All O -studies O -were O -reviewed O -, O -abstracted O -, O -and O -rated O -for O -quality O -by O -using O -predefined O -USPSTF O -criteria O -. O - -aps B-category -DATA O -SYNTHESIS O -: O -New O -evidence O -from O -1 O -good O -- O -quality O -RCT O -, O -1 O -good O -- O -quality O -meta O -- O -analysis O -, O -and O -2 O -fair O -- O -quality O -subanalyses O -of O -RCTs O -demonstrates O -that O -aspirin B-Chemical -use O -reduces O -the O -number O -of O -CVD O -events O -in O -patients O -without O -known O -CVD O -. O - -aps B-category -Men O -in O -these O -studies O -experienced O -fewer O -myocardial O -infarctions O -and O -women O -experienced O -fewer O -ischemic O -strokes O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspirin B-Chemical -does O -not O -seem O -to O -affect O -CVD O -mortality O -or O -all O -- O -cause O -mortality O -in O -either O -men O -or O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -for O -primary O -prevention O -increases O -the O -risk O -for O -major O -bleeding O -events O -, O -primarily O -gastrointestinal O -bleeding O -events O -, O -in O -both O -men O -and O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -Men O -have O -an O -increased O -risk O -for O -hemorrhagic O -strokes O -with O -aspirin B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -RCT O -and O -meta O -- O -analysis O -suggest O -that O -the O -risk O -for O -hemorrhagic O -strokes O -in O -women O -is O -not O -statistically O -significantly O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -LIMITATIONS O -: O -New O -evidence O -on O -aspirin B-Chemical -for O -the O -primary O -prevention O -of O -CVD O -is O -limited O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -used O -in O -the O -RCTs O -varied O -, O -which O -prevented O -the O -estimation O -of O -the O -most O -appropriate O -dose O -for O -primary O -prevention O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -of O -the O -RCTs O -were O -conducted O -within O -populations O -of O -health O -professionals O -, O -which O -potentially O -limits O -generalizability O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Aspirin B-Chemical -reduces O -the O -risk O -for O -myocardial O -infarction O -in O -men O -and O -strokes O -in O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspirin B-Chemical -use O -increases O -the O -risk O -for O -serious O -bleeding O -events O -. O - -aps B-category -Reducing O -harm O -associated O -with O -anticoagulation O -: O -practical O -considerations O -of O -argatroban B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Argatroban B-Chemical -is O -a O -hepatically O -metabolized O -, O -direct O -thrombin O -inhibitor O -used O -for O -prophylaxis O -or O -treatment O -of O -thrombosis O -in O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -( O -HIT O -) O -and O -for O -patients O -with O -or O -at O -risk O -of O -HIT O -undergoing O -percutaneous O -coronary O -intervention O -( O -PCI O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -objective O -of O -this O -review O -is O -to O -summarize O -practical O -considerations O -of O -argatroban B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -HIT O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -US O -FDA O -- O -recommended O -argatroban B-Chemical -dose O -in O -HIT O -is O -2 O -microg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -( O -reduced O -in O -patients O -with O -hepatic O -impairment O -and O -in O -paediatric O -patients O -) O -, O -adjusted O -to O -achieve O -activated O -partial O -thromboplastin O -times O -( O -aPTTs O -) O -1 O -. O -5 O -- O -3 O -times O -baseline O -( O -not O -> O -100 O -seconds O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Contemporary O -experiences O -indicate O -that O -reduced O -doses O -are O -also O -needed O -in O -patients O -with O -conditions O -associated O -with O -hepatic O -hypoperfusion O -, O -e O -. O -g O -. O -heart O -failure O -, O -yet O -are O -unnecessary O -for O -renal O -dysfunction O -, O -adult O -age O -, O -sex O -, O -race O -/ O -ethnicity O -or O -obesity O -. O - -aps B-category -Argatroban B-Chemical -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -1 O -. O -2 O -microg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -typically O -supports O -therapeutic O -aPTTs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -FDA O -- O -recommended O -dose O -during O -PCI O -is O -25 O -microg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -( O -350 O -microg O -/ O -kg O -initial O -bolus O -) O -, O -adjusted O -to O -achieve O -activated O -clotting O -times O -( O -ACTs O -) O -of O -300 O -- O -450 O -sec O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -PCI O -, O -argatroban B-Chemical -has O -not O -been O -investigated O -in O -hepatically O -impaired O -patients O -; O -dose O -adjustment O -is O -unnecessary O -for O -adult O -age O -, O -sex O -, O -race O -/ O -ethnicity O -or O -obesity O -, O -and O -lesser O -doses O -may O -be O -adequate O -with O -concurrent O -glycoprotein O -IIb O -/ O -IIIa O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Argatroban B-Chemical -prolongs O -the O -International O -Normalized O -Ratio O -, O -and O -published O -approaches O -for O -monitoring O -the O -argatroban B-Chemical -- O -to O -- O -warfarin B-Chemical -transition O -should O -be O -followed O -. O - -aps B-category -Major O -bleeding O -with O -argatroban B-Chemical -is O -0 O -- O -10 O -% O -in O -the O -non O -- O -interventional O -setting O -and O -0 O -- O -5 O -. O -8 O -% O -periprocedurally O -. O - -aps B-category -Argatroban B-Chemical -has O -no O -specific O -antidote O -, O -and O -if O -excessive O -anticoagulation O -occurs O -, O -argatroban B-Chemical -infusion O -should O -be O -stopped O -or O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -Improved O -familiarity O -of O -healthcare O -professionals O -with O -argatroban B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -HIT O -, O -including O -in O -special O -populations O -and O -during O -PCI O -, O -may O -facilitate O -reduction O -of O -harm O -associated O -with O -HIT O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O -fewer O -thromboses O -) O -or O -its O -treatment O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O -fewer O -argatroban B-Chemical -medication O -errors O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Rhabdomyolysis O -and O -brain O -ischemic O -stroke O -in O -a O -heroin B-Chemical -- O -dependent O -male O -under O -methadone B-Chemical -maintenance O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -There O -are O -several O -complications O -associated O -with O -heroin O -abuse O -, O -some O -of O -which O -are O -life O -- O -threatening O -. O - -aps B-category -Methadone B-Chemical -may O -aggravate O -this O -problem O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -A O -clinical O -case O -description O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -A O -33 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -presented O -with O -rhabdomyolysis O -and O -cerebral O -ischemic O -stroke O -after O -intravenous O -heroin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -He O -had O -used O -heroin B-Chemical -since O -age O -20 O -, O -and O -had O -used O -150 O -mg O -methadone B-Chemical -daily O -for O -6 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -was O -found O -unconsciousness O -at O -home O -and O -was O -sent O -to O -our O -hospital O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -ER O -, O -his O -opiate O -level O -was O -4497 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -ICU O -, O -we O -found O -rhabdomyolysis O -, O -acute O -renal O -failure O -and O -acute O -respiratory O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -transfer O -to O -an O -internal O -ward O -, O -we O -noted O -aphasia O -and O -weakness O -of O -his O -left O -limbs O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -MRI O -, O -we O -found O -cerebral O -ischemic O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Those O -using O -methadone B-Chemical -and O -heroin B-Chemical -simultaneously O -may O -increase O -risk O -of O -rhabdomyolysis O -and O -ischemic O -stroke O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -under O -methadone B-Chemical -maintenance O -therapy O -should O -be O -warned O -regarding O -these O -serious O -adverse O -events O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypotheses O -of O -heroin B-Chemical -- O -related O -rhabdomyolysis O -and O -stroke O -in O -heroin B-Chemical -abusers O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -vulnerability O -to O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -lesion O -and O -reduced O -development O -of O -dyskinesias O -in O -mice O -lacking O -CB1 O -cannabinoid O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Motor O -impairment O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA B-Chemical -) O -neuronal O -activity O -and O -proenkephalin B-Chemical -( O -PENK B-Chemical -) O -gene O -expression O -in O -the O -caudate O -- O -putamen O -( O -CPu O -) O -were O -measured O -in O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -- O -lesioned O -and O -treated O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -+ I-Chemical -benserazide I-Chemical -) O -CB1 O -KO O -and O -WT O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -lesion O -induced O -by O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -produced O -more O -severe O -motor O -deterioration O -in O -CB1 O -KO O -mice O -accompanied O -by O -more O -loss O -of O -DA B-Chemical -neurons O -and O -increased O -PENK B-Chemical -gene O -expression O -in O -the O -CPu O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidative O -/ O -nitrosative O -and O -neuroinflammatory O -parameters O -were O -estimated O -in O -the O -CPu O -and O -cingulate O -cortex O -( O -Cg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CB1 O -KO O -mice O -exhibited O -higher O -MDA B-Chemical -levels O -and O -iNOS O -protein O -expression O -in O -the O -CPu O -and O -Cg O -compared O -to O -WT O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -+ I-Chemical -benserazide I-Chemical -( O -12 O -weeks O -) O -resulted O -in O -less O -severe O -dyskinesias O -in O -CB1 O -KO O -than O -in O -WT O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -revealed O -that O -the O -lack O -of O -cannabinoid O -CB1 O -receptors O -increased O -the O -severity O -of O -motor O -impairment O -and O -DA B-Chemical -lesion O -, O -and O -reduced O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -activation O -of O -CB1 O -receptors O -offers O -neuroprotection O -against O -dopaminergic O -lesion O -and O -the O -development O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatocellular O -oxidant O -stress O -following O -intestinal O -ischemia O -- O -reperfusion O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -Reperfusion O -of O -ischemic O -intestine O -results O -in O -acute O -liver O -dysfunction O -characterized O -by O -hepatocellular O -enzyme O -release O -into O -plasma O -, O -reduction O -in O -bile O -flow O -rate O -, O -and O -neutrophil O -sequestration O -within O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pathophysiology O -underlying O -this O -acute O -hepatic O -injury O -is O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -undertaken O -to O -determine O -whether O -oxidants O -are O -associated O -with O -the O -hepatic O -injury O -and O -to O -determine O -the O -relative O -value O -of O -several O -indirect O -methods O -of O -assessing O -oxidant O -exposure O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -were O -subjected O -to O -a O -standardized O -intestinal O -ischemia O -- O -reperfusion O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -tissue O -was O -assayed O -for O -lipid O -peroxidation O -products O -and O -oxidized B-Chemical -and I-Chemical -reduced I-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -change O -in O -hepatic O -tissue O -total O -glutathione B-Chemical -following O -intestinal O -ischemia O -- O -reperfusion O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidized B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -( O -GSSG B-Chemical -) O -increased O -significantly O -following O -30 O -and O -60 O -min O -of O -reperfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -increase O -in O -any O -of O -the O -products O -of O -lipid O -peroxidation O -associated O -with O -this O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increase O -in O -GSSG B-Chemical -within O -hepatic O -tissue O -during O -intestinal O -reperfusion O -suggests O -exposure O -of O -hepatocytes O -to O -an O -oxidant O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lack O -of O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -products O -of O -lipid O -peroxidation O -suggests O -that O -the O -oxidant O -stress O -is O -of O -insufficient O -magnitude O -to O -result O -in O -irreversible O -injury O -to O -hepatocyte O -cell O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -also O -suggest O -that O -the O -measurement O -of O -tissue O -GSSG B-Chemical -may O -be O -a O -more O -sensitive O -indicator O -of O -oxidant O -stress O -than O -measurement O -of O -products O -of O -lipid O -peroxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -Animal O -model O -of O -mania O -induced O -by O -ouabain B-Chemical -: O -Evidence O -of O -oxidative O -stress O -in O -submitochondrial O -particles O -of O -the O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intracerebroventricular O -( O -ICV O -) O -administration O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -( O -a O -Na B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -/ O -K B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -- O -ATPase O -inhibitor O -) O -in O -rats O -has O -been O -suggested O -to O -mimic O -some O -symptoms O -of O -human O -bipolar O -mania O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -studies O -have O -shown O -that O -bipolar O -disorder O -may O -be O -related O -to O -mitochondrial O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -Herein O -, O -we O -investigated O -the O -behavioral O -and O -biochemical O -effects O -induced O -by O -the O -ICV O -administration O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -achieve O -this O -aim O -, O -the O -effects O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -injection O -immediately O -after O -and O -7 O -days O -following O -a O -single O -ICV O -administration O -( O -at O -concentrations O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -and O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -) O -on O -locomotion O -was O -measured O -using O -the O -open O -- O -field O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Additionally O -, O -thiobarbituric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -reactive O -substances O -( O -TBARSs O -) O -and O -superoxide B-Chemical -production O -were O -measured O -in O -submitochondrial O -particles O -of O -the O -prefrontal O -cortex O -, O -hippocampus O -, O -striatum O -and O -amygdala O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -findings O -demonstrated O -that O -ouabain B-Chemical -at O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -and O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -induced O -hyperlocomotion O -in O -rats O -, O -and O -this O -response O -remained O -up O -to O -7 O -days O -following O -a O -single O -ICV O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -we O -observed O -that O -the O -persistent O -increase O -in O -the O -rat O -spontaneous O -locomotion O -is O -associated O -with O -increased O -TBARS O -levels O -and O -superoxide B-Chemical -generation O -in O -submitochondrial O -particles O -in O -the O -prefrontal O -cortex O -, O -striatum O -and O -amygdala O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -ouabain B-Chemical -- O -induced O -mania O -- O -like O -behavior O -may O -provide O -a O -useful O -animal O -model O -to O -test O -the O -hypothesis O -of O -the O -involvement O -of O -oxidative O -stress O -in O -bipolar O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraoperative O -dialysis O -during O -liver O -transplantation O -with O -citrate B-Chemical -dialysate O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -transplantation O -for O -acutely O -ill O -patients O -with O -fulminant O -liver O -failure O -carries O -high O -intraoperative O -and O -immediate O -postoperative O -risks O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -are O -increased O -with O -the O -presence O -of O -concomitant O -acute O -kidney O -injury O -( O -AKI O -) O -and O -intraoperative O -dialysis O -is O -sometimes O -required O -to O -allow O -the O -transplant O -to O -proceed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -derangements O -in O -the O -procoagulant O -and O -anticoagulant O -pathways O -during O -fulminant O -liver O -failure O -can O -lead O -to O -difficulties O -with O -anticoagulation O -during O -dialysis O -, O -especially O -when O -continued O -in O -the O -operating O -room O -. O - -aps B-category -Systemic O -anticoagulation O -is O -unsafe O -and O -regional O -citrate B-Chemical -anticoagulation O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -a O -functional O -liver O -carries O -the O -risk O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Citrate B-Chemical -dialysate O -, O -a O -new O -dialysate O -with O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -can O -be O -used O -for O -anticoagulation O -in O -patients O -who O -cannot O -tolerate O -heparin B-Chemical -or O -regional O -citrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -a O -40 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -female O -with O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -fulminant O -liver O -failure O -with O -associated O -AKI O -who O -underwent O -intraoperative O -dialytic O -support O -during O -liver O -transplantation O -anticoagulated O -with O -citrate B-Chemical -dialysate O -during O -the O -entire O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -tolerated O -the O -procedure O -well O -without O -any O -signs O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -toxicity O -and O -maintained O -adequate O -anticoagulation O -for O -patency O -of O -the O -dialysis O -circuit O -. O - -aps B-category -Citrate B-Chemical -dialysate O -is O -a O -safe O -alternative O -for O -intradialytic O -support O -of O -liver O -transplantation O -in O -fulminant O -liver O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Delirium O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -toxic O -flecainide B-Chemical -plasma O -concentrations O -: O -the O -role O -of O -a O -pharmacokinetic O -drug O -interaction O -with O -paroxetine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -describe O -a O -case O -of O -flecainide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -delirium O -associated O -with O -a O -pharmacokinetic O -drug O -interaction O -with O -paroxetine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -SUMMARY O -: O -A O -69 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -white O -female O -presented O -to O -the O -emergency O -department O -with O -a O -history O -of O -confusion O -and O -paranoia O -over O -the O -past O -several O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -admission O -the O -patient O -was O -taking O -carvedilol B-Chemical -12 O -mg O -twice O -daily O -, O -warfarin B-Chemical -2 O -mg O -/ O -day O -, O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -1 O -mg O -/ O -day O -, O -levothyroxine B-Chemical -100 O -microg O -/ O -day O -, O -pantoprazole B-Chemical -40 O -mg O -/ O -day O -, O -paroxetine B-Chemical -40 O -mg O -/ O -day O -, O -and O -flecainide B-Chemical -100 O -mg O -twice O -daily O -. O - -aps B-category -Flecainide B-Chemical -had O -been O -started O -2 O -weeks O -prior O -for O -atrial O -fibrillation O -. O - -aps B-category -Laboratory O -test O -findings O -on O -admission O -were O -notable O -only O -for O -a O -flecainide B-Chemical -plasma O -concentration O -of O -1360 O -microg O -/ O -L O -( O -reference O -range O -200 O -- O -1000 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -metabolic O -drug O -interaction O -between O -flecainide B-Chemical -and O -paroxetine B-Chemical -, O -which O -the O -patient O -had O -been O -taking O -for O -more O -than O -5 O -years O -, O -was O -considered O -. O - -aps B-category -Paroxetine B-Chemical -was O -discontinued O -and O -the O -dose O -of O -flecainide B-Chemical -was O -reduced O -to O -50 O -mg O -twice O -daily O -. O - -aps B-category -Her O -delirium O -resolved O -3 O -days O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -DISCUSSION O -: O -Flecainide B-Chemical -and O -pharmacologically O -similar O -agents O -that O -interact O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -channels O -may O -cause O -delirium O -in O -susceptible O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -MEDLINE O -search O -( O -1966 O -- O -January O -2009 O -) O -revealed O -one O -in O -vivo O -pharmacokinetic O -study O -on O -the O -interaction O -between O -flecainide B-Chemical -, O -a O -CYP2D6 O -substrate O -, O -and O -paroxetine B-Chemical -, O -a O -CYP2D6 O -inhibitor O -, O -as O -well O -as O -3 O -case O -reports O -of O -flecainide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -delirium O -. O - -aps B-category -According O -to O -the O -Naranjo O -probability O -scale O -, O -flecainide B-Chemical -was O -the O -probable O -cause O -of O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -delirium O -; O -the O -Horn O -Drug O -Interaction O -Probability O -Scale O -indicates O -a O -possible O -pharmacokinetic O -drug O -interaction O -between O -flecainide B-Chemical -and O -paroxetine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Supratherapeutic O -flecainide B-Chemical -plasma O -concentrations O -may O -cause O -delirium O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -toxicity O -may O -occur O -when O -flecainide B-Chemical -is O -prescribed O -with O -paroxetine B-Chemical -and O -other O -potent O -CYP2D6 O -inhibitors O -, O -flecainide B-Chemical -plasma O -concentrations O -should O -be O -monitored O -closely O -with O -commencement O -of O -CYP2D6 O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Efficacy O -of O -everolimus B-Chemical -( O -RAD001 B-Chemical -) O -in O -patients O -with O -advanced O -NSCLC O -previously O -treated O -with O -chemotherapy O -alone O -or O -with O -chemotherapy O -and O -EGFR O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Treatment O -options O -are O -scarce O -in O -pretreated O -advanced O -non O -- O -small O -- O -cell O -lung O -cancer O -( O -NSCLC O -) O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -RAD001 B-Chemical -, O -an O -oral O -inhibitor O -of O -the O -mammalian O -target O -of O -rapamycin B-Chemical -( O -mTOR O -) O -, O -has O -shown O -phase O -I O -efficacy O -in O -NSCLC O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Stage O -IIIb O -or O -IV O -NSCLC O -patients O -, O -with O -two O -or O -fewer O -prior O -chemotherapy O -regimens O -, O -one O -platinum B-Chemical -based O -( O -stratum O -1 O -) O -or O -both O -chemotherapy O -and O -epidermal O -growth O -factor O -receptor O -tyrosine B-Chemical -kinase O -inhibitors O -( O -stratum O -2 O -) O -, O -received O -RAD001 B-Chemical -10 O -mg O -/ O -day O -until O -progression O -or O -unacceptable O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Primary O -objective O -was O -overall O -response O -rate O -( O -ORR O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Analyses O -of O -markers O -associated O -with O -the O -mTOR O -pathway O -were O -carried O -out O -on O -archival O -tumor O -from O -a O -subgroup O -using O -immunohistochemistry O -( O -IHC O -) O -and O -direct O -mutation O -sequencing O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Eighty O -- O -five O -patients O -were O -enrolled O -, O -42 O -in O -stratum O -1 O -and O -43 O -in O -stratum O -. O - -aps B-category -ORR O -was O -4 O -. O -7 O -% O -( O -7 O -. O -1 O -% O -stratum O -1 O -; O -2 O -. O -3 O -% O -stratum O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Overall O -disease O -control O -rate O -was O -47 O -. O -1 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Median O -progression O -- O -free O -survivals O -( O -PFSs O -) O -were O -2 O -. O -6 O -( O -stratum O -1 O -) O -and O -2 O -. O -7 O -months O -( O -stratum O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Common O -> O -or O -= O -grade O -3 O -events O -were O -fatigue O -, O -dyspnea O -, O -stomatitis O -, O -anemia O -, O -and O -thrombocytopenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Pneumonitis O -, O -probably O -or O -possibly O -related O -, O -mainly O -grade O -1 O -/ O -2 O -, O -occurred O -in O -25 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Cox O -regression O -analysis O -of O -IHC O -scores O -found O -that O -only O -phospho O -AKT O -( O -pAKT O -) O -was O -a O -significant O -independent O -predictor O -of O -worse O -PFS O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -RAD001 B-Chemical -10 O -mg O -/ O -day O -was O -well O -tolerated O -, O -showing O -modest O -clinical O -activity O -in O -pretreated O -NSCLC O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -RAD001 B-Chemical -plus O -standard O -therapy O -for O -metastatic O -NSCLC O -continues O -. O - -aps B-category -Posttransplant O -anemia O -: O -the O -role O -of O -sirolimus B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Posttransplant O -anemia O -is O -a O -common O -problem O -that O -may O -hinder O -patients O -' O -quality O -of O -life O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -occurs O -in O -12 O -to O -76 O -% O -of O -patients O -, O -and O -is O -most O -common O -in O -the O -immediate O -posttransplant O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -variety O -of O -factors O -have O -been O -identified O -that O -increase O -the O -risk O -of O -posttransplant O -anemia O -, O -of O -which O -the O -level O -of O -renal O -function O -is O -most O -important O -. O - -aps B-category -Sirolimus B-Chemical -, O -a O -mammalian O -target O -of O -rapamycin B-Chemical -inhibitor O -, O -has O -been O -implicated O -as O -playing O -a O -special O -role O -in O -posttransplant O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -review O -considers O -anemia O -associated O -with O -sirolimus B-Chemical -, O -including O -its O -presentation O -, O -mechanisms O -, O -and O -management O -. O - -aps B-category -Coronary O -computerized O -tomography O -angiography O -for O -rapid O -discharge O -of O -low O -- O -risk O -patients O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -chest O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Most O -patients O -presenting O -to O -emergency O -departments O -( O -EDs O -) O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -chest O -pain O -are O -admitted O -for O -at O -least O -12 O -hours O -and O -receive O -a O -" O -rule O -out O -acute O -coronary O -syndrome O -" O -protocol O -, O -often O -with O -noninvasive O -testing O -prior O -to O -discharge O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -without O -cocaine B-Chemical -use O -, O -coronary O -computerized O -tomography O -angiography O -( O -CTA O -) O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -useful O -for O -identifying O -a O -group O -of O -patients O -at O -low O -risk O -for O -cardiac O -events O -who O -can O -be O -safely O -discharged O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -unclear O -whether O -a O -coronary O -CTA O -strategy O -would O -be O -efficacious O -in O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -chest O -pain O -, O -as O -coronary O -vasospasm O -may O -account O -for O -some O -of O -the O -ischemia O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -whether O -a O -negative O -coronary O -CTA O -in O -patients O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -chest O -pain O -could O -identify O -a O -subset O -safe O -for O -discharge O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -prospectively O -evaluated O -the O -safety O -of O -coronary O -CTA O -for O -low O -- O -risk O -patients O -who O -presented O -to O -the O -ED O -with O -cocaineassociated O -chest O -pain O -( O -self O -- O -reported O -or O -positive O -urine O -test O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Consecutive O -patients O -received O -either O -immediate O -coronary O -CTA O -in O -the O -ED O -( O -without O -serial O -markers O -) O -or O -underwent O -coronary O -CTA O -after O -a O -brief O -observation O -period O -with O -serial O -cardiac O -marker O -measurements O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -negative O -coronary O -CTA O -( O -maximal O -stenosis O -less O -than O -50 O -% O -) O -were O -discharged O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -main O -outcome O -was O -30 O -- O -day O -cardiovascular O -death O -or O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -A O -total O -of O -59 O -patients O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -chest O -pain O -were O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -had O -a O -mean O -age O -of O -45 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -. O -6 O -yrs O -and O -were O -86 O -% O -black O -, O -66 O -% O -male O -. O - -aps B-category -Seventy O -- O -nine O -percent O -had O -a O -normal O -or O -nonspecific O -ECG O -and O -85 O -% O -had O -a O -TIMI O -score O -< O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -patients O -received O -coronary O -CTA O -immediately O -in O -the O -ED O -, O -18 O -of O -whom O -were O -discharged O -following O -CTA O -( O -90 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -nine O -received O -coronary O -CTA O -after O -a O -brief O -observation O -period O -, O -with O -37 O -discharged O -home O -following O -CTA O -( O -95 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -patients O -had O -coronary O -stenosis O -> O -or O -= O -50 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -30 O -- O -day O -follow O -- O -up O -period O -, O -no O -patients O -died O -of O -a O -cardiovascular O -event O -( O -0 O -% O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -0 O -- O -6 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -and O -no O -patient O -sustained O -a O -nonfatal O -myocardial O -infarction O -( O -0 O -% O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -0 O -- O -6 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Although O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -myocardial O -ischemia O -can O -result O -from O -coronary O -vasoconstriction O -, O -patients O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -associated O -chest O -pain O -, O -a O -non O -- O -ischemic O -ECG O -, O -and O -a O -TIMI O -risk O -score O -< O -2 O -may O -be O -safely O -discharged O -from O -the O -ED O -after O -a O -negative O -coronary O -CTA O -with O -a O -low O -risk O -of O -30 O -- O -day O -adverse O -events O -. O - -aps B-category -Bilateral O -haemorrhagic O -infarction O -of O -the O -globus O -pallidus O -after O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -intoxication O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -is O -a O -risk O -factor O -for O -both O -ischemic O -and O -haemorrhagic O -stroke O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -present O -the O -case O -of O -a O -31 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -with O -bilateral O -ischemia O -of O -the O -globus O -pallidus O -after O -excessive O -alcohol B-Chemical -and O -intranasal O -cocaine B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -- O -related O -globus O -pallidus O -infarctions O -are O -most O -often O -associated O -with O -heroin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Bilateral O -basal O -ganglia O -infarcts O -after O -the O -use O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -, O -without O -concurrent O -heroin B-Chemical -use O -, O -have O -never O -been O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -our O -patient O -, O -transient O -cardiac O -arrhythmia O -or O -respiratory O -dysfunction O -related O -to O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -ethanol B-Chemical -use O -were O -the O -most O -likely O -causes O -of O -cerebral O -hypoperfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Late O -fulminant O -posterior O -reversible O -encephalopathy O -syndrome O -after O -liver O -transplant O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -Posterior O -leukoencephalopathy O -due O -to O -calcineurin O -- O -inhibitor O -- O -related O -neurotoxicity O -is O -a O -rare O -but O -severe O -complication O -that O -results O -from O -treatment O -with O -immunosuppressive O -agents O -( O -primarily O -those O -administered O -after O -a O -liver O -or O -kidney O -transplant O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pathophysiologic O -mechanisms O -of O -that O -disorder O -remain O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -: O -We O -report O -the O -case O -of O -a O -46 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -who O -received O -a O -liver O -transplant O -in O -our O -center O -as O -treatment O -for O -alcoholic O -cirrhosis O -and O -in O -whom O -either O -a O -fulminant O -course O -of O -posterior O -leukoencephalopathy O -or O -posterior O -reversible O -encephalopathy O -syndrome O -developed O -110 O -days O -after O -transplant O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -an O -initially O -uneventful O -course O -after O -the O -transplant O -, O -the O -patient O -rapidly O -fell O -into O -deep O -coma O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Cerebral O -MRI O -scan O -showed O -typical O -signs O -of O -enhancement O -in O -the O -pontine O -and O -posterior O -regions O -. O - -aps B-category -Switching O -the O -immunosuppressive O -regimen O -from O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -to O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -did O -not O -improve O -the O -clinical O -situation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -termination O -of O -treatment O -with O -any O -calcineurin O -inhibitor O -resulted O -in O -a O -complete O -resolution O -of O -that O -complication O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Posterior O -reversible O -encephalopathy O -syndrome O -after O -liver O -transplant O -is O -rare O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -recommend O -a O -complete O -cessation O -of O -any O -calcineurin O -inhibitor O -rather O -than O -a O -dose O -reduction O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolonged O -hypothermia O -as O -a O -bridge O -to O -recovery O -for O -cerebral O -edema O -and O -intracranial O -hypertension O -associated O -with O -fulminant O -hepatic O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -To O -review O -evidence O -- O -based O -treatment O -options O -in O -patients O -with O -cerebral O -edema O -complicating O -fulminant O -hepatic O -failure O -( O -FHF O -) O -and O -discuss O -the O -potential O -applications O -of O -hypothermia O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -Case O -- O -based O -observations O -from O -a O -medical O -intensive O -care O -unit O -( O -MICU O -) O -in O -a O -tertiary O -care O -facility O -in O -a O -27 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -female O -with O -FHF O -from O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -and O -resultant O -cerebral O -edema O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Our O -patient O -was O -admitted O -to O -the O -MICU O -after O -being O -found O -unresponsive O -with O -presumed O -toxicity O -from O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -which O -was O -ingested O -over O -a O -2 O -- O -day O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -had O -depressed O -of O -mental O -status O -lasting O -at O -least O -24 O -h O -prior O -to O -admission O -. O - -aps B-category -Initial O -evaluation O -confirmed O -FHF O -from O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -and O -cerebral O -edema O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -was O -treated O -with O -hyperosmolar O -therapy O -, O -hyperventilation O -, O -sedation O -, O -and O -chemical O -paralysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Her O -intracranial O -pressure O -remained O -elevated O -despite O -maximal O -medical O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -then O -initiated O -therapeutic O -hypothermia O -which O -was O -continued O -for O -5 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -re O -- O -warming O -, O -patient O -had O -resolution O -of O -her O -cerebral O -edema O -and O -intracranial O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -discharge O -, O -she O -had O -complete O -recovery O -of O -neurological O -and O -hepatic O -functions O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -In O -patients O -with O -FHF O -and O -cerebral O -edema O -from O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -overdose O -, O -prolonged O -therapeutic O -hypothermia O -could O -potentially O -be O -used O -as O -a O -life O -saving O -therapy O -and O -a O -bridge O -to O -hepatic O -and O -neurological O -recovery O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -clinical O -trial O -of O -hypothermia O -in O -patients O -with O -this O -condition O -is O -warranted O -. O - -aps B-category -Binasal O -visual O -field O -defects O -are O -not O -specific O -to O -vigabatrin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -investigated O -the O -visual O -defects O -associated O -with O -the O -antiepileptic O -drug O -vigabatrin B-Chemical -( O -VGB B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -hundred O -four O -people O -with O -epilepsy O -were O -grouped O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -antiepileptic O -drug O -therapy O -( O -current O -, O -previous O -, O -or O -no O -exposure O -to O -VGB B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Groups O -were O -matched O -with O -respect O -to O -age O -, O -gender O -, O -and O -seizure O -frequency O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -underwent O -objective O -assessment O -of O -electrophysiological O -function O -( O -wide O -- O -field O -multifocal O -electroretinography O -) O -and O -conventional O -visual O -field O -testing O -( O -static O -perimetry O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Bilateral O -visual O -field O -constriction O -was O -observed O -in O -59 O -% O -of O -patients O -currently O -taking O -VGB B-Chemical -, O -43 O -% O -of O -patients O -who O -previously O -took O -VGB B-Chemical -, O -and O -24 O -% O -of O -patients O -with O -no O -exposure O -to O -VGB B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Assessment O -of O -retinal O -function O -revealed O -abnormal O -responses O -in O -48 O -% O -of O -current O -VGB B-Chemical -users O -and O -22 O -% O -of O -prior O -VGB B-Chemical -users O -, O -but O -in O -none O -of O -the O -patients O -without O -previous O -exposure O -to O -VGB B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Bilateral O -visual O -field O -abnormalities O -are O -common O -in O -the O -treated O -epilepsy O -population O -, O -irrespective O -of O -drug O -history O -. O - -aps B-category -Assessment O -by O -conventional O -static O -perimetry O -may O -neither O -be O -sufficiently O -sensitive O -nor O -specific O -to O -reliably O -identify O -retinal O -toxicity O -associated O -with O -VGB B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Smoking O -of O -crack B-Chemical -cocaine I-Chemical -as O -a O -risk O -factor O -for O -HIV O -infection O -among O -people O -who O -use O -injection O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Little O -is O -known O -about O -the O -possible O -role O -that O -smoking O -crack B-Chemical -cocaine I-Chemical -has O -on O -the O -incidence O -of O -HIV O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -Given O -the O -increasing O -use O -of O -crack B-Chemical -cocaine I-Chemical -, O -we O -sought O -to O -examine O -whether O -use O -of O -this O -illicit O -drug O -has O -become O -a O -risk O -factor O -for O -HIV O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -included O -data O -from O -people O -participating O -in O -the O -Vancouver O -Injection O -Drug O -Users O -Study O -who O -reported O -injecting O -illicit O -drugs O -at O -least O -once O -in O -the O -month O -before O -enrolment O -, O -lived O -in O -the O -greater O -Vancouver O -area O -, O -were O -HIV O -- O -negative O -at O -enrolment O -and O -completed O -at O -least O -1 O -follow O -- O -up O -study O -visit O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -determine O -whether O -the O -risk O -of O -HIV O -seroconversion O -among O -daily O -smokers O -of O -crack B-Chemical -cocaine I-Chemical -changed O -over O -time O -, O -we O -used O -Cox O -proportional O -hazards O -regression O -and O -divided O -the O -study O -into O -3 O -periods O -: O -May O -1 O -, O -1996 O -- O -Nov O -. O - -aps B-category -30 O -, O -1999 O -( O -period O -1 O -) O -, O -Dec O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -, O -1999 O -- O -Nov O -. O - -aps B-category -30 O -, O -2002 O -( O -period O -2 O -) O -, O -and O -Dec O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -, O -2002 O -- O -Dec O -. O - -aps B-category -30 O -, O -2005 O -( O -period O -3 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Overall O -, O -1048 O -eligible O -injection O -drug O -users O -were O -included O -in O -our O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -these O -, O -137 O -acquired O -HIV O -infection O -during O -follow O -- O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -proportion O -of O -participants O -who O -reported O -daily O -smoking O -of O -crack B-Chemical -cocaine I-Chemical -increased O -from O -11 O -. O -6 O -% O -in O -period O -1 O -to O -39 O -. O -7 O -% O -in O -period O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -adjusting O -for O -potential O -confounders O -, O -we O -found O -that O -the O -risk O -of O -HIV O -seroconversion O -among O -participants O -who O -were O -daily O -smokers O -of O -crack B-Chemical -cocaine I-Chemical -increased O -over O -time O -( O -period O -1 O -: O -hazard O -ratio O -[ O -HR O -] O -1 O -. O -03 O -, O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -[ O -CI O -] O -0 O -. O -57 O -- O -1 O -. O -85 O -; O -period O -2 O -: O -HR O -1 O -. O -68 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -1 O -. O -01 O -- O -2 O -. O -80 O -; O -and O -period O -3 O -: O -HR O -2 O -. O -74 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -1 O -. O -06 O -- O -7 O -. O -11 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -INTERPRETATION O -: O -Smoking O -of O -crack B-Chemical -cocaine I-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -an O -independent O -risk O -factor O -for O -HIV O -seroconversion O -among O -people O -who O -were O -injection O -drug O -users O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -finding O -points O -to O -the O -urgent O -need O -for O -evidence O -- O -based O -public O -health O -initiatives O -targeted O -at O -people O -who O -smoke O -crack B-Chemical -cocaine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Fluoxetine B-Chemical -improves O -the O -memory O -deficits O -caused O -by O -the O -chemotherapy O -agent O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cancer O -patients O -who O -have O -been O -treated O -with O -systemic O -adjuvant O -chemotherapy O -have O -described O -experiencing O -deteriorations O -in O -cognition O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -widely O -used O -chemotherapeutic O -agent O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -) O -, O -readily O -crosses O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -and O -so O -could O -have O -a O -direct O -effect O -on O -brain O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -particular O -this O -anti O -mitotic O -drug O -could O -reduce O -cell O -proliferation O -in O -the O -neurogenic O -regions O -of O -the O -adult O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -reports O -indicate O -that O -hippocampal O -dependent O -neurogenesis O -and O -cognition O -are O -enhanced O -by O -the O -SSRI B-Chemical -antidepressant O -Fluoxetine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -investigation O -the O -behavioural O -effects O -of O -chronic O -( O -two O -week O -) O -treatment O -with O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -and O -( O -three O -weeks O -) O -with O -Fluoxetine B-Chemical -either O -separately O -or O -in O -combination O -with O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -were O -tested O -on O -adult O -Lister O -hooded O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Behavioural O -effects O -were O -tested O -using O -a O -context O -dependent O -conditioned O -emotional O -response O -test O -( O -CER O -) O -which O -showed O -that O -animals O -treated O -with O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -had O -a O -significant O -reduction O -in O -freezing O -time O -compared O -to O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -separate O -group O -of O -animals O -was O -tested O -using O -a O -hippocampal O -dependent O -spatial O -working O -memory O -test O -, O -the O -object O -location O -recognition O -test O -( O -OLR O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -treated O -only O -with O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -showed O -significant O -deficits O -in O -their O -ability O -to O -carry O -out O -the O -OLR O -task O -but O -co O -administration O -of O -Fluoxetine B-Chemical -improved O -their O -performance O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -chemotherapy O -caused O -a O -significant O -reduction O -in O -the O -number O -of O -proliferating O -cells O -in O -the O -sub O -granular O -zone O -of O -the O -dentate O -gyrus O -compared O -to O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -reduction O -was O -eliminated O -when O -Fluoxetine B-Chemical -was O -co O -administered O -with O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Fluoxetine B-Chemical -on O -its O -own O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -proliferating O -cell O -number O -or O -behaviour O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -can O -negatively O -affect O -both O -cell O -proliferation O -and O -hippocampal O -dependent O -working O -memory O -and O -that O -these O -deficits O -can O -be O -reversed O -by O -the O -simultaneous O -administration O -of O -the O -antidepressant O -Fluoxetine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -- O -specific O -ablation O -of O -integrin O -- O -linked O -kinase O -in O -mice O -results O -in O -enhanced O -and O -prolonged O -cell O -proliferation O -and O -hepatomegaly O -after O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -recently O -demonstrated O -that O -disruption O -of O -extracellular O -matrix O -( O -ECM O -) O -/ O -integrin O -signaling O -via O -elimination O -of O -integrin O -- O -linked O -kinase O -( O -ILK O -) O -in O -hepatocytes O -interferes O -with O -signals O -leading O -to O -termination O -of O -liver O -regeneration O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -investigates O -the O -role O -of O -ILK O -in O -liver O -enlargement O -induced O -by O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -( O -PB B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Wild O -- O -type O -( O -WT O -) O -and O -ILK O -: O -liver O -- O -/ O -- O -mice O -were O -given O -PB B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -in O -drinking O -water O -) O -for O -10 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Livers O -were O -harvested O -on O -2 O -, O -5 O -, O -and O -10 O -days O -during O -PB B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -hepatocyte O -- O -specific O -ILK O -/ O -liver O -- O -/ O -- O -mice O -, O -the O -liver O -: O -body O -weight O -ratio O -was O -more O -than O -double O -as O -compared O -to O -0 O -h O -at O -day O -2 O -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -times O -) O -, O -while O -at O -days O -5 O -and O -10 O -, O -it O -was O -enlarged O -three O -times O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -WT O -mice O -, O -the O -increase O -was O -as O -expected O -from O -previous O -literature O -( O -1 O -. O -8 O -times O -) O -and O -seems O -to O -have O -leveled O -off O -after O -day O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -slightly O -increased O -proliferating O -cell O -nuclear O -antigen O -- O -positive O -cells O -in O -the O -ILK O -/ O -liver O -- O -/ O -- O -animals O -at O -day O -2 O -as O -compared O -to O -WT O -after O -PB B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -WT O -animals O -, O -the O -proliferative O -response O -had O -come O -back O -to O -normal O -by O -days O -5 O -and O -10 O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatocytes O -of O -the O -ILK O -/ O -liver O -- O -/ O -- O -mice O -continued O -to O -proliferate O -up O -until O -day O -10 O -. O - -aps B-category -ILK O -/ O -liver O -- O -/ O -- O -mice O -also O -showed O -increased O -expression O -of O -key O -genes O -involved O -in O -hepatocyte O -proliferation O -at O -different O -time O -points O -during O -PB B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -summary O -, O -ECM O -proteins O -communicate O -with O -the O -signaling O -machinery O -of O -dividing O -cells O -via O -ILK O -to O -regulate O -hepatocyte O -proliferation O -and O -termination O -of O -the O -proliferative O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Lack O -of O -ILK O -in O -the O -hepatocytes O -imparts O -prolonged O -proliferative O -response O -not O -only O -to O -stimuli O -related O -to O -liver O -regeneration O -but O -also O -to O -xenobiotic O -chemical O -mitogens O -, O -such O -as O -PB B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Decreased O -Expression O -of O -Na B-Chemical -/ O -K B-Chemical -- O -ATPase O -, O -NHE3 O -, O -NBC1 O -, O -AQP1 O -and O -OAT O -in O -Gentamicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -Nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -aimed O -to O -determine O -whether O -there O -is O -an O -altered O -regulation O -of O -tubular O -transporters O -in O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -male O -rats O -( O -200 O -~ O -250 O -g O -) O -were O -subcutaneously O -injected O -with O -gentamicin B-Chemical -( O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -day O -) O -for O -7 O -days O -, O -and O -the O -expression O -of O -tubular O -transporters O -was O -determined O -by O -immunoblotting O -and O -immunohistochemistry O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mRNA O -and O -protein O -expression O -of O -OAT O -was O -also O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Gentamicin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -exhibited O -significantly O -decreased O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -along O -with O -increased O -plasma O -creatinine B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Accordingly O -, O -the O -fractional O -excretion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Urine O -volume O -was O -increased O -, O -while O -urine O -osmolality O -and O -free O -water O -reabsorption O -were O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunoblotting O -and O -immunohistochemistry O -revealed O -decreased O -expression O -of O -Na B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -/ O -K B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -- O -ATPase O -, O -NHE3 O -, O -NBC1 O -, O -and O -AQP1 O -in O -the O -kidney O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -expression O -of O -OAT1 O -and O -OAT3 O -was O -also O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -Gentamicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephropathy O -may O -at O -least O -in O -part O -be O -causally O -related O -with O -a O -decreased O -expression O -of O -Na B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -/ O -K B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -- O -ATPase O -, O -NHE3 O -, O -NBC1 O -, O -AQP1 O -and O -OAT O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -renal O -failure O -after O -high O -- O -dose O -methotrexate B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -ileostomy O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -- O -dose O -methotrexate B-Chemical -( O -HD O -- O -MTX B-Chemical -) O -is O -an O -important O -treatment O -for O -Burkitt O -lymphoma O -, O -but O -can O -cause O -hepatic O -and O -renal O -toxicity O -when O -its O -clearance O -is O -delayed O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -acute O -renal O -failure O -after O -HD O -- O -MTX B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -ileostomy O -, O -The O -patient O -was O -a O -3 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -boy O -who O -had O -received O -a O -living O -- O -related O -liver O -transplantation O -for O -congenital O -biliary O -atresia O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -day O -833 O -after O -the O -transplantation O -, O -he O -was O -diagnosed O -with O -PTLD O -( O -post O -- O -transplantation O -lymphoproliferative O -disorder O -, O -Burkitt O -- O -type O -malignant O -lymphoma O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -induction O -therapy O -, O -he O -suffered O -ileal O -perforation O -and O -ileostomy O -was O -performed O -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequent O -HD O -- O -MTX B-Chemical -therapy O -caused O -acute O -renal O -failure O -that O -required O -continuous O -hemodialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -supposed O -that O -intravascular O -hypovolemia O -due O -to O -substantial O -drainage O -from O -the O -ileostoma O -caused O -acute O -prerenal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -recovery O -of O -his O -renal O -function O -, O -we O -could O -safely O -treat O -the O -patient O -with O -HD O -- O -MTX B-Chemical -therapy O -by O -controlling O -drainage O -from O -ileostoma O -with O -total O -parenteral O -nutrition O -. O - -aps B-category -Longitudinal O -association O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -use O -with O -HIV O -disease O -progression O -and O -psychological O -health O -of O -women O -with O -HIV O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -evaluated O -the O -association O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -consumption O -and O -depression O -, O -and O -their O -effects O -on O -HIV O -disease O -progression O -among O -women O -with O -HIV O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -included O -871 O -women O -with O -HIV O -who O -were O -recruited O -from O -1993 O -- O -1995 O -in O -four O -US O -cities O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -participants O -had O -physical O -examination O -, O -medical O -record O -extraction O -, O -and O -venipuncture O -, O -CD4 O -+ O -T O -- O -cell O -counts O -determination O -, O -measurement O -of O -depression O -symptoms O -( O -using O -the O -self O -- O -report O -Center O -for O -Epidemiological O -Studies O -- O -Depression O -Scale O -) O -, O -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -use O -assessment O -at O -enrollment O -, O -and O -semiannually O -until O -March O -2000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Multilevel O -random O -coefficient O -ordinal O -models O -as O -well O -as O -multilevel O -models O -with O -joint O -responses O -were O -used O -in O -the O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -significant O -association O -between O -level O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -use O -and O -CD4 O -+ O -T O -- O -cell O -counts O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -participants O -were O -stratified O -by O -antiretroviral O -therapy O -( O -ART O -) O -use O -, O -the O -association O -between O -alcohol B-Chemical -and O -CD4 O -+ O -T O -- O -cell O -did O -not O -reach O -statistical O -significance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -association O -between O -alcohol B-Chemical -consumption O -and O -depression O -was O -significant O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Depression O -had O -a O -significant O -negative O -effect O -on O -CD4 O -+ O -T O -- O -cell O -counts O -over O -time O -regardless O -of O -ART O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -findings O -suggest O -that O -alcohol B-Chemical -consumption O -has O -a O -direct O -association O -with O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -depression O -is O -associated O -with O -HIV O -disease O -progression O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -findings O -have O -implications O -for O -the O -provision O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -use O -interventions O -and O -psychological O -resources O -to O -improve O -the O -health O -of O -women O -with O -HIV O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemokine O -CCL2 O -and O -its O -receptor O -CCR2 O -are O -increased O -in O -the O -hippocampus O -following O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -status O -epilepticus O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Neuroinflammation O -occurs O -after O -seizures O -and O -is O -implicated O -in O -epileptogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -CCR2 O -is O -a O -chemokine O -receptor O -for O -CCL2 O -and O -their O -interaction O -mediates O -monocyte O -infiltration O -in O -the O -neuroinflammatory O -cascade O -triggered O -in O -different O -brain O -pathologies O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -work O -CCR2 O -and O -CCL2 O -expression O -were O -examined O -following O -status O -epilepticus O -( O -SE O -) O -induced O -by O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -SE O -was O -induced O -by O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -rats O -were O -injected O -with O -saline O -instead O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -days O -after O -SE O -, O -CCR2 O -staining O -in O -neurons O -and O -glial O -cells O -was O -examined O -using O -imunohistochemical O -analyses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -CCR2 O -positive O -cells O -was O -determined O -using O -stereology O -probes O -in O -the O -hippocampus O -. O - -aps B-category -CCL2 O -expression O -in O -the O -hippocampus O -was O -examined O -by O -molecular O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Increased O -CCR2 O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -hippocampus O -after O -SE O -. O - -aps B-category -Seizures O -also O -resulted O -in O -alterations O -to O -the O -cell O -types O -expressing O -CCR2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -numbers O -of O -neurons O -that O -expressed O -CCR2 O -was O -observed O -following O -SE O -. O - -aps B-category -Microglial O -cells O -were O -more O -closely O -apposed O -to O -the O -CCR2 O -- O -labeled O -cells O -in O -SE O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -rats O -that O -experienced O -SE O -exhibited O -CCR2 O -- O -labeling O -in O -populations O -of O -hypertrophied O -astrocytes O -, O -especially O -in O -CA1 O -and O -dentate O -gyrus O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -CCR2 O -+ O -astroctytes O -were O -not O -observed O -in O -control O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Examination O -of O -CCL2 O -expression O -showed O -that O -it O -was O -elevated O -in O -the O -hippocampus O -following O -SE O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -The O -data O -show O -that O -CCR2 O -and O -CCL2 O -are O -up O -- O -regulated O -in O -the O -hippocampus O -after O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -SE O -. O - -aps B-category -Seizures O -also O -result O -in O -changes O -to O -CCR2 O -receptor O -expression O -in O -neurons O -and O -astrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -might O -be O -involved O -in O -detrimental O -neuroplasticity O -and O -neuroinflammatory O -changes O -that O -occur O -following O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Metallothionein B-Chemical -induction O -reduces O -caspase O -- O -3 O -activity O -and O -TNFalpha O -levels O -with O -preservation O -of O -cognitive O -function O -and O -intact O -hippocampal O -neurons O -in O -carmustine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Hippocampal O -integrity O -is O -essential O -for O -cognitive O -functions O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -induction O -of O -metallothionein B-Chemical -( O -MT B-Chemical -) O -by O -ZnSO B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -and O -its O -role O -in O -neuroprotection O -has O -been O -documented O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -aimed O -to O -explore O -the O -effect O -of O -MT B-Chemical -induction O -on O -carmustine B-Chemical -( O -BCNU B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -hippocampal O -cognitive O -dysfunction O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -60 O -male O -Wistar O -albino O -rats O -were O -randomly O -divided O -into O -four O -groups O -( O -15 O -/ O -group O -) O -: O -The O -control O -group O -injected O -with O -single O -doses O -of O -normal O -saline O -( O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -) O -followed O -24 O -h O -later O -by O -BCNU B-Chemical -solvent O -( O -i O -. O -v O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -group O -administered O -ZnSO B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -micromol O -/ O -10 O -microl O -normal O -saline O -, O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -, O -once O -) O -then O -BCNU B-Chemical -solvent O -( O -i O -. O -v O -) O -after O -24 O -h O -. O - -aps B-category -Third O -group O -received O -BCNU B-Chemical -( O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -v O -, O -once O -) O -24 O -h O -after O -injection O -with O -normal O -saline O -( O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Fourth O -group O -received O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -ZnSO B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -micromol O -/ O -10 O -microl O -normal O -saline O -, O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -) O -then O -BCNU B-Chemical -( O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -v O -, O -once O -) O -after O -24 O -h O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -obtained O -data O -revealed O -that O -BCNU B-Chemical -administration O -resulted O -in O -deterioration O -of O -learning O -and O -short O -- O -term O -memory O -( O -STM O -) O -, O -as O -measured O -by O -using O -radial O -arm O -water O -maze O -, O -accompanied O -with O -decreased O -hippocampal O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -( O -GR O -) O -activity O -and O -reduced O -glutathione B-Chemical -( O -GSH B-Chemical -) O -content O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -BCNU B-Chemical -administration O -increased O -serum O -tumor O -necrosis O -factor O -- O -alpha O -( O -TNFalpha O -) O -, O -hippocampal O -MT B-Chemical -and O -malondialdehyde B-Chemical -( O -MDA B-Chemical -) O -contents O -as O -well O -as O -caspase O -- O -3 O -activity O -in O -addition O -to O -histological O -alterations O -. O - -aps B-category -ZnSO B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -pretreatment O -counteracted O -BCNU B-Chemical -- O -induced O -inhibition O -of O -GR O -and O -depletion O -of O -GSH B-Chemical -and O -resulted O -in O -significant O -reduction O -in O -the O -levels O -of O -MDA B-Chemical -and O -TNFalpha O -as O -well O -as O -the O -activity O -of O -caspase O -- O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -histological O -features O -were O -improved O -in O -hippocampus O -of O -rats O -treated O -with O -ZnSO B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -+ O -BCNU B-Chemical -compared O -to O -only O -BCNU B-Chemical -- O -treated O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -MT B-Chemical -induction O -halts O -BCNU B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hippocampal O -toxicity O -as O -it O -prevented O -GR O -inhibition O -and O -GSH B-Chemical -depletion O -and O -counteracted O -the O -increased O -levels O -of O -TNFalpha O -, O -MDA B-Chemical -and O -caspase O -- O -3 O -activity O -with O -subsequent O -preservation O -of O -cognition O -. O - -aps B-category -Fatal O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -induced O -fulminant O -eosinophilic O -( O -hypersensitivity O -) O -myocarditis O -: O -emphasis O -on O -anatomical O -and O -histological O -characteristics O -, O -mechanisms O -and O -genetics O -of O -drug O -hypersensitivity O -and O -differential O -diagnosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -severe O -adverse O -reactions O -to O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -have O -been O -observed O -in O -the O -haemopoietic O -system O -, O -the O -liver O -and O -the O -cardiovascular O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -frequently O -fatal O -, O -although O -exceptionally O -rare O -side O -effect O -of O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -is O -necrotizing O -eosinophilic O -( O -hypersensitivity O -) O -myocarditis O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -hypersensitivity O -myocarditis O -secondary O -to O -administration O -of O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -hypersensitivity O -myocarditis O -was O -not O -suspected O -clinically O -, O -and O -the O -diagnosis O -was O -made O -post O -- O -mortem O -. O - -aps B-category -Histology O -revealed O -diffuse O -infiltration O -of O -the O -myocardium O -by O -eosinophils O -and O -lymphocytes O -with O -myocyte O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinically O -, O -death O -was O -due O -to O -cardiogenic O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -best O -of O -our O -knowledge O -this O -is O -the O -second O -case O -of O -fatal O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -induced O -myocarditis O -reported O -in O -English O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuropsychiatric O -behaviors O -in O -the O -MPTP B-Chemical -marmoset O -model O -of O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -Neuropsychiatric O -symptoms O -are O -increasingly O -recognised O -as O -a O -significant O -problem O -in O -patients O -with O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -( O -PD O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -symptoms O -may O -be O -due O -to O -' O -sensitisation O -' O -following O -repeated O -levodopa B-Chemical -treatment O -or O -a O -direct O -effect O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -on O -the O -disease O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -treated O -MPTP B-Chemical -- O -lesioned O -marmoset O -was O -used O -as O -a O -model O -of O -neuropsychiatric O -symptoms O -in O -PD O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -we O -compare O -the O -time O -course O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -motor O -fluctuations O -and O -neuropsychiatric O -- O -like O -behaviors O -to O -determine O -the O -relationship O -between O -duration O -of O -treatment O -and O -onset O -of O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Marmosets O -were O -administered O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tetrahydropyridine I-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -for O -five O -days O -, O -resulting O -in O -stable O -parkinsonism O -. O - -aps B-category -Levodopa B-Chemical -( O -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -and O -benserazide B-Chemical -, O -3 O -. O -75 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -p O -. O -o O -. O - -aps B-category -b O -. O -i O -. O -d O -, O -was O -administered O -for O -30 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -were O -evaluated O -for O -parkinsonian O -disability O -, O -dyskinesia O -and O -on O -- O -time O -( O -motor O -fluctuations O -) O -and O -neuropsychiatric O -- O -like O -behaviors O -on O -Day O -0 O -( O -prior O -to O -levodopa B-Chemical -) O -and O -on O -Days O -1 O -, O -7 O -, O -13 O -, O -27 O -and O -30 O -of O -treatment O -using O -post O -hoc O -DVD O -analysis O -by O -a O -trained O -rater O -, O -blind O -to O -the O -treatment O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -neuropsychiatric O -- O -like O -behavior O -rating O -scale O -demonstrated O -high O -interrater O -reliability O -between O -three O -trained O -raters O -of O -differing O -professional O -backgrounds O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -anticipated O -, O -animals O -exhibited O -a O -progressive O -increase O -in O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -motor O -fluctuations O -, O -dyskinesia O -and O -wearing O -- O -off O -, O -that O -correlated O -with O -the O -duration O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -neuropsychiatric O -- O -like O -behaviors O -were O -present O -on O -Day O -1 O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -treatment O -and O -their O -severity O -did O -not O -correlate O -with O -duration O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -neuropsychiatric O -disorders O -in O -PD O -are O -more O -likely O -an O -interaction O -between O -levodopa B-Chemical -and O -the O -disease O -state O -than O -a O -consequence O -of O -sensitisation O -to O -repeated O -dopaminergic O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Contrast B-Chemical -medium I-Chemical -nephrotoxicity O -after O -renal O -artery O -and O -coronary O -angioplasty O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Renal O -dysfunction O -induced O -by O -iodinated O -contrast B-Chemical -medium I-Chemical -( O -CM B-Chemical -) O -administration O -can O -minimize O -the O -benefit O -of O -the O -interventional O -procedure O -in O -patients O -undergoing O -renal O -angioplasty O -( O -PTRA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -To O -compare O -the O -susceptibility O -to O -nephrotoxic O -effect O -of O -CM B-Chemical -in O -patients O -undergoing O -PTRA O -with O -that O -of O -patients O -submitted O -to O -percutaneous O -coronary O -intervention O -( O -PCI O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -MATERIAL O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -A O -total O -of O -33 O -patients O -successfully O -treated O -with O -PTRA O -( O -PTRA O -group O -, O -mean O -age O -70 O -+ O -/ O -- O -12 O -years O -, O -23 O -female O -, O -basal O -creatinine B-Chemical -1 O -. O -46 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -79 O -, O -range O -0 O -. O -7 O -- O -4 O -. O -9 O -mg O -/ O -dl O -) O -were O -compared O -with O -33 O -patients O -undergoing O -successful O -PCI O -( O -PCI O -group O -) O -, O -matched O -for O -basal O -creatinine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -44 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -6 O -, O -range O -0 O -. O -7 O -- O -3 O -. O -4 O -mg O -/ O -dl O -) O -, O -gender O -, O -and O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -groups O -postprocedural O -( O -48 O -h O -) O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -was O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Postprocedural O -creatinine B-Chemical -level O -decreased O -nonsignificantly O -in O -the O -PTRA O -group O -( O -1 O -. O -46 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -8 O -vs O -. O -1 O -. O -34 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -dl O -, O -P O -= O -NS O -) O -and O -increased O -significantly O -in O -the O -PCI O -group O -( O -1 O -. O -44 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -6 O -vs O -. O -1 O -. O -57 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -mg O -/ O -dl O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -after O -intervention O -( O -after O -- O -before O -) O -were O -significantly O -different O -between O -the O -PTRA O -and O -PCI O -groups O -( O -- O -0 O -. O -12 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -vs O -. O -0 O -. O -13 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -3 O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -014 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -difference O -was O -not O -related O -to O -either O -a O -different O -clinical O -risk O -profile O -or O -to O -the O -volume O -of O -CM B-Chemical -administered O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -In O -this O -preliminary O -study O -patients O -submitted O -to O -PTRA O -showed O -a O -lower O -susceptibility O -to O -renal O -damage O -induced O -by O -CM B-Chemical -administration O -than O -PCI O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effectiveness O -of O -PTRA O -on O -renal O -function O -seems O -to O -be O -barely O -influenced O -by O -CM B-Chemical -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Diphenhydramine B-Chemical -prevents O -the O -haemodynamic O -changes O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -in O -ICU O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -2 O -( O -H2 O -) O -antagonist O -, O -produces O -a O -decrease O -in O -arterial O -pressure O -due O -to O -vasodilatation O -, O -especially O -in O -critically O -ill O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -may O -be O -because O -cimetidine B-Chemical -acts O -as O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -agonist O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -, O -therefore O -, O -investigated O -the O -effects O -of O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -1 O -( O -H1 O -) O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -, O -on O -the O -haemodynamic O -changes O -observed O -after O -cimetidine B-Chemical -in O -ICU O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -patient O -was O -studied O -on O -two O -separate O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -random O -fashion O -, O -they O -received O -cimetidine B-Chemical -200 O -mg O -iv O -on O -one O -day O -, O -and O -on O -the O -other O -, O -a O -pretreatment O -of O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -40 O -mg O -iv O -with O -cimetidine B-Chemical -200 O -mg O -iv O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -non O -- O -pretreatment O -group O -, O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -( O -MAP O -) O -decreased O -from O -107 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -. O -4 O -mmHg O -to O -86 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -11 O -. O -4 O -mmHg O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -two O -minutes O -after O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -systemic O -vascular O -resistance O -( O -SVR O -) O -decreased O -during O -the O -eight O -- O -minute O -observation O -period O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -in O -the O -pretreatment O -group O -, O -little O -haemodynamic O -change O -was O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -an O -H1 O -antagonist O -may O -be O -useful O -in O -preventing O -hypotension O -caused O -by O -iv O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -since O -the O -vasodilating O -activity O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -is O -mediated O -, O -in O -part O -, O -through O -the O -H1 O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Medical O -and O -psychiatric O -outcomes O -for O -patients O -transplanted O -for O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -liver O -failure O -: O -a O -case O -- O -control O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Acetaminophen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hepatotoxicity O -is O -the O -most O -common O -cause O -of O -acute O -liver O -failure O -( O -ALF O -) O -in O -the O -UK O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -often O -consume O -the O -drug O -with O -suicidal O -intent O -or O -with O -a O -background O -of O -substance O -dependence O -. O - -aps B-category -AIMS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -We O -compared O -the O -severity O -of O -pretransplant O -illness O -, O -psychiatric O -co O -- O -morbidity O -, O -medical O -and O -psychosocial O -outcomes O -of O -all O -patients O -who O -had O -undergone O -liver O -transplantation O -( O -LT O -) O -emergently O -between O -1999 O -- O -2004 O -for O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ALF O -( O -n O -= O -36 O -) O -with O -age O -- O -and O -sex O -- O -matched O -patients O -undergoing O -emergent O -LT O -for O -non O -- O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ALF O -( O -n O -= O -35 O -) O -and O -elective O -LT O -for O -chronic O -liver O -disease O -( O -CLD O -, O -n O -= O -34 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Acetaminophen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ALF O -patients O -undergoing O -LT O -had O -a O -greater O -severity O -of O -pre O -- O -LT O -illness O -reflected O -by O -higher O -Acute O -Physiology O -and O -Chronic O -Health O -Evaluation O -II O -scores O -and O -requirement O -for O -organ O -support O -compared O -with O -the O -other O -two O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -( O -56 O -% O -) O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ALF O -patients O -had O -a O -formal O -psychiatric O -diagnosis O -before O -LT O -( O -non O -- O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ALF O -= O -0 O -/ O -35 O -, O -CLD O -= O -2 O -/ O -34 O -; O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -for O -all O -) O -and O -nine O -( O -25 O -% O -) O -had O -a O -previous O -suicide O -attempt O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -follow O -- O -up O -( O -median O -5 O -years O -) O -, O -there O -were O -no O -significant O -differences O -in O -rejection O -( O -acute O -and O -chronic O -) O -, O -graft O -failure O -or O -survival O -between O -the O -groups O -( O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ALF O -1 O -year O -87 O -% O -, O -5 O -years O -75 O -% O -; O -non O -- O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ALF O -88 O -% O -, O -78 O -% O -; O -CLD O -93 O -% O -, O -82 O -% O -: O -P O -> O -0 O -. O -6 O -log O -rank O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ALF O -patients O -reattempted O -suicide O -post O -- O -LT O -( O -one O -died O -8 O -years O -post O -- O -LT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Despite O -a O -high O -prevalence O -of O -psychiatric O -disturbance O -, O -outcomes O -for O -patients O -transplanted O -emergently O -for O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ALF O -were O -comparable O -to O -those O -transplanted O -for O -non O -- O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ALF O -and O -electively O -for O -CLD O -. O - -aps B-category -Multidisciplinary O -approaches O -with O -long O -- O -term O -psychiatric O -follow O -- O -up O -may O -contribute O -to O -low O -post O -- O -transplant O -suicide O -rates O -seen O -and O -low O -rates O -of O -graft O -loss O -because O -of O -non O -- O -compliance O -. O - -aps B-category -Antithrombotic O -drug O -use O -, O -cerebral O -microbleeds O -, O -and O -intracerebral O -hemorrhage O -: O -a O -systematic O -review O -of O -published O -and O -unpublished O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -AND O -PURPOSE O -: O -Cerebral O -microbleeds O -( O -MB O -) O -are O -potential O -risk O -factors O -for O -intracerebral O -hemorrhage O -( O -ICH O -) O -, O -but O -it O -is O -unclear O -if O -they O -are O -a O -contraindication O -to O -using O -antithrombotic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Insights O -could O -be O -gained O -by O -pooling O -data O -on O -MB O -frequency O -stratified O -by O -antithrombotic O -use O -in O -cohorts O -with O -ICH O -and O -ischemic O -stroke O -( O -IS O -) O -/ O -transient O -ischemic O -attack O -( O -TIA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -performed O -a O -systematic O -review O -of O -published O -and O -unpublished O -data O -from O -cohorts O -with O -stroke O -or O -TIA O -to O -compare O -the O -presence O -of O -MB O -in O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -antithrombotic O -users O -vs O -nonantithrombotic O -users O -with O -ICH O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -antithrombotic O -users O -vs O -nonusers O -with O -IS O -/ O -TIA O -; O -and O -( O -3 O -) O -ICH O -vs O -ischemic O -events O -stratified O -by O -antithrombotic O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -also O -analyzed O -published O -and O -unpublished O -follow O -- O -up O -data O -to O -determine O -the O -risk O -of O -ICH O -in O -antithrombotic O -users O -with O -MB O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -In O -a O -pooled O -analysis O -of O -1460 O -ICH O -and O -3817 O -IS O -/ O -TIA O -, O -MB O -were O -more O -frequent O -in O -ICH O -vs O -IS O -/ O -TIA O -in O -all O -treatment O -groups O -, O -but O -the O -excess O -increased O -from O -2 O -. O -8 O -( O -odds O -ratio O -; O -range O -, O -2 O -. O -3 O -- O -3 O -. O -5 O -) O -in O -nonantithrombotic O -users O -to O -5 O -. O -7 O -( O -range O -, O -3 O -. O -4 O -- O -9 O -. O -7 O -) O -in O -antiplatelet O -users O -and O -8 O -. O -0 O -( O -range O -, O -3 O -. O -5 O -- O -17 O -. O -8 O -) O -in O -warfarin B-Chemical -users O -( O -P O -difference O -= O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -also O -an O -excess O -of O -MB O -in O -warfarin B-Chemical -users O -vs O -nonusers O -with O -ICH O -( O -OR O -, O -2 O -. O -7 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -1 O -. O -6 O -- O -4 O -. O -4 O -; O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -but O -none O -in O -warfarin B-Chemical -users O -with O -IS O -/ O -TIA O -( O -OR O -, O -1 O -. O -3 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -0 O -. O -9 O -- O -1 O -. O -7 O -; O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -33 O -; O -P O -difference O -= O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -smaller O -excess O -of O -MB O -in O -antiplatelet O -users O -vs O -nonusers O -with O -ICH O -( O -OR O -, O -1 O -. O -7 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -1 O -. O -3 O -- O -2 O -. O -3 O -; O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -but O -findings O -were O -similar O -for O -antiplatelet O -users O -with O -IS O -/ O -TIA O -( O -OR O -, O -1 O -. O -4 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -1 O -. O -2 O -- O -1 O -. O -7 O -; O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -; O -P O -difference O -= O -0 O -. O -25 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -pooled O -follow O -- O -up O -data O -for O -768 O -antithrombotic O -users O -, O -presence O -of O -MB O -at O -baseline O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -substantially O -increased O -risk O -of O -subsequent O -ICH O -( O -OR O -, O -12 O -. O -1 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -3 O -. O -4 O -- O -42 O -. O -5 O -; O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -excess O -of O -MB O -in O -warfarin B-Chemical -users O -with O -ICH O -compared O -to O -other O -groups O -suggests O -that O -MB O -increase O -the O -risk O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -- O -associated O -ICH O -. O - -aps B-category -Limited O -prospective O -data O -corroborate O -these O -findings O -, O -but O -larger O -prospective O -studies O -are O -urgently O -required O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -synergy O -between O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -a O -novel O -sodium B-Chemical -channel O -blocker O -, O -CNSB002 B-Chemical -, O -in O -rat O -models O -of O -inflammatory O -and O -neuropathic O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -This O -study O -determined O -the O -antihyperalgesic O -effect O -of O -CNSB002 B-Chemical -, O -a O -sodium B-Chemical -channel O -blocker O -with O -antioxidant O -properties O -given O -alone O -and O -in O -combinations O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -rat O -models O -of O -inflammatory O -and O -neuropathic O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -Dose O -response O -curves O -for O -nonsedating O -doses O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -CNSB002 B-Chemical -given O -intraperitoneally O -alone O -and O -together O -in O -combinations O -were O -constructed O -for O -antihyperalgesic O -effect O -using O -paw O -withdrawal O -from O -noxious O -heat O -in O -two O -rat O -pain O -models O -: O -carrageenan B-Chemical -- O -induced O -paw O -inflammation O -and O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -( O -STZ B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -diabetic O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -maximum O -nonsedating O -doses O -were O -: O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -3 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -; O -CNSB002 B-Chemical -10 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -; O -5 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -CNSB002 B-Chemical -with O -morphine B-Chemical -3 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -in O -combination O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -doses O -calculated O -to O -cause O -50 O -% O -reversal O -of O -hyperalgesia O -( O -ED50 O -) O -were O -7 O -. O -54 O -( O -1 O -. O -81 O -) O -and O -4 O -. O -83 O -( O -1 O -. O -54 O -) O -in O -the O -carrageenan B-Chemical -model O -and O -44 O -. O -18 O -( O -1 O -. O -37 O -) O -and O -9 O -. O -14 O -( O -1 O -. O -24 O -) O -in O -the O -STZ B-Chemical -- O -induced O -neuropathy O -model O -for O -CNSB002 B-Chemical -and O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -respectively O -( O -mg O -/ O -kg O -; O -mean O -, O -SEM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -values O -were O -greater O -than O -the O -maximum O -nonsedating O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ED50 O -values O -for O -morphine B-Chemical -when O -given O -in O -combination O -with O -CNSB002 B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -were O -less O -than O -the O -maximum O -nonsedating O -dose O -: O -0 O -. O -56 O -( O -1 O -. O -55 O -) O -in O -the O -carrageenan B-Chemical -model O -and O -1 O -. O -37 O -( O -1 O -. O -23 O -) O -in O -the O -neuropathy O -model O -( O -mg O -/ O -kg O -; O -mean O -, O -SEM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antinociception O -after O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -was O -increased O -by O -co O -- O -administration O -with O -CNSB002 B-Chemical -from O -28 O -. O -0 O -and O -31 O -. O -7 O -% O -to O -114 O -. O -6 O -and O -56 O -. O -9 O -% O -reversal O -of O -hyperalgesia O -in O -the O -inflammatory O -and O -neuropathic O -models O -, O -respectively O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -; O -one O -- O -way O -analysis O -of O -variance O -- O -significantly O -greater O -than O -either O -drug O -given O -alone O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -maximum O -antihyperalgesic O -effect O -achievable O -with O -nonsedating O -doses O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -may O -be O -increased O -significantly O -when O -the O -drug O -is O -used O -in O -combination O -with O -CNSB002 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -: O -a O -practical O -review O -. O - -aps B-category -Heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -( O -HIT O -) O -remains O -under O -- O -recognized O -despite O -its O -potentially O -devastating O -outcomes O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -begins O -when O -heparin B-Chemical -exposure O -stimulates O -the O -formation O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -platelet O -factor O -4 O -antibodies O -, O -which O -in O -turn O -triggers O -the O -release O -of O -procoagulant O -platelet O -particles O -. O - -aps B-category -Thrombosis O -and O -thrombocytopenia O -that O -follow O -comprise O -the O -2 O -hallmark O -traits O -of O -HIT O -, O -with O -the O -former O -largely O -responsible O -for O -significant O -vascular O -complications O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prevalence O -of O -HIT O -varies O -among O -several O -subgroups O -, O -with O -greater O -incidence O -in O -surgical O -as O -compared O -with O -medical O -populations O -. O - -aps B-category -HIT O -must O -be O -acknowledged O -for O -its O -intense O -predilection O -for O -thrombosis O -and O -suspected O -whenever O -thrombosis O -occurs O -after O -heparin B-Chemical -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -Early O -recognition O -that O -incorporates O -the O -clinical O -and O -serologic O -clues O -is O -paramount O -to O -timely O -institution O -of O -treatment O -, O -as O -its O -delay O -may O -result O -in O -catastrophic O -outcomes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -treatment O -of O -HIT O -mandates O -an O -immediate O -cessation O -of O -all O -heparin B-Chemical -exposure O -and O -the O -institution O -of O -an O -antithrombotic O -therapy O -, O -most O -commonly O -using O -a O -direct B-Chemical -thrombin I-Chemical -inhibitor I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Current O -" O -diagnostic O -" O -tests O -, O -which O -primarily O -include O -functional O -and O -antigenic O -assays O -, O -have O -more O -of O -a O -confirmatory O -than O -diagnostic O -role O -in O -the O -management O -of O -HIT O -. O - -aps B-category -Special O -attention O -must O -be O -paid O -to O -cardiac O -patients O -who O -are O -often O -exposed O -to O -heparin B-Chemical -multiple O -times O -during O -their O -course O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Direct B-Chemical -thrombin I-Chemical -inhibitors I-Chemical -are O -appropriate O -, O -evidence O -- O -based O -alternatives O -to O -heparin B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -a O -history O -of O -HIT O -, O -who O -need O -to O -undergo O -percutaneous O -coronary O -intervention O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -heparin B-Chemical -remains O -one O -of O -the O -most O -frequently O -used O -medications O -today O -with O -potential O -for O -HIT O -with O -every O -heparin B-Chemical -exposure O -, O -a O -close O -vigilance O -of O -platelet O -counts O -must O -be O -practiced O -whenever O -heparin B-Chemical -is O -initiated O -. O - -aps B-category -Abductor O -paralysis O -after O -botox B-Chemical -injection O -for O -adductor O -spasmodic O -dysphonia O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -/ O -HYPOTHESIS O -: O -Botulinum O -toxin O -( O -Botox B-Chemical -) O -injections O -into O -the O -thyroarytenoid O -muscles O -are O -the O -current O -standard O -of O -care O -for O -adductor O -spasmodic O -dysphonia O -( O -ADSD O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Reported O -adverse O -effects O -include O -a O -period O -of O -breathiness O -, O -throat O -pain O -, O -and O -difficulty O -with O -swallowing O -liquids O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -we O -report O -multiple O -cases O -of O -bilateral O -abductor O -paralysis O -following O -Botox B-Chemical -injections O -for O -ADSD O -, O -a O -complication O -previously O -unreported O -. O - -aps B-category -STUDY O -DESIGN O -: O -Retrospective O -case O -series O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Patients O -that O -received O -Botox B-Chemical -injections O -for O -spasmodic O -dysphonia O -between O -January O -2000 O -and O -October O -2009 O -were O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -ADSD O -were O -identified O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -treatments O -received O -and O -adverse O -effects O -were O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -patients O -with O -bilateral O -abductor O -paralysis O -, O -age O -, O -sex O -, O -paralytic O -Botox B-Chemical -dose O -, O -prior O -Botox B-Chemical -dose O -, O -and O -course O -following O -paralysis O -were O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -From O -a O -database O -of O -452 O -patients O -receiving O -Botox B-Chemical -, O -352 O -patients O -had O -been O -diagnosed O -with O -ADSD O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -these O -352 O -patients O -, O -eight O -patients O -suffered O -bilateral O -abductor O -paralysis O -, O -and O -two O -suffered O -this O -complication O -twice O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -affected O -patients O -were O -females O -over O -the O -age O -of O -50 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -patients O -had O -received O -treatments O -prior O -to O -abductor O -paralysis O -and O -continued O -receiving O -after O -paralysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -patients O -recovered O -after O -a O -brief O -period O -of O -activity O -restrictions O -, O -and O -one O -underwent O -a O -tracheotomy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -abductor O -paralysis O -after O -Botox B-Chemical -injection O -for O -ADSD O -was O -0 O -. O -34 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Bilateral O -abductor O -paralysis O -is O -a O -rare O -complication O -of O -Botox B-Chemical -injections O -for O -ADSD O -, O -causing O -difficulty O -with O -breathing O -upon O -exertion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -likely O -mechanism O -of O -paralysis O -is O -diffusion O -of O -Botox B-Chemical -around O -the O -muscular O -process O -of O -the O -arytenoid O -to O -the O -posterior O -cricoarytenoid O -muscles O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -paralysis O -is O -temporary O -, O -and O -watchful O -waiting O -with O -restriction O -of O -activity O -is O -the O -recommended O -management O -. O - -aps B-category -Mitochondrial O -impairment O -contributes O -to O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiac O -dysfunction O -: O -Prevention O -by O -the O -targeted O -antioxidant O -MitoQ B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -goal O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -assess O -mitochondrial O -function O -and O -ROS O -production O -in O -an O -experimental O -model O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiac O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -hypothesized O -that O -cocaine O -abuse O -may O -lead O -to O -altered O -mitochondrial O -function O -that O -in O -turn O -may O -cause O -left O -ventricular O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -days O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -administration O -to O -rats O -led O -to O -an O -increased O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -detected O -in O -cardiac O -fibers O -, O -specifically O -through O -complex O -I O -and O -complex O -III O -. O - -aps B-category -ROS O -levels O -were O -increased O -, O -specifically O -in O -interfibrillar O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -parallel O -there O -was O -a O -decrease O -in O -ATP B-Chemical -synthesis O -, O -whereas O -no O -difference O -was O -observed O -in O -subsarcolemmal O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -uncoupling O -effect O -on O -oxidative O -phosphorylation O -was O -not O -detectable O -after O -short O -- O -term O -exposure O -to O -cocaine B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -that O -these O -mitochondrial O -abnormalities O -were O -a O -late O -rather O -than O -a O -primary O -event O -in O -the O -pathological O -response O -to O -cocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -MitoQ B-Chemical -, O -a O -mitochondrial O -- O -targeted O -antioxidant O -, O -was O -shown O -to O -completely O -prevent O -these O -mitochondrial O -abnormalities O -as O -well O -as O -cardiac O -dysfunction O -characterized O -here O -by O -a O -diastolic O -dysfunction O -studied O -with O -a O -conductance O -catheter O -to O -obtain O -pressure O -- O -volume O -data O -. O - -aps B-category -Taken O -together O -, O -these O -results O -extend O -previous O -studies O -and O -demonstrate O -that O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiac O -dysfunction O -may O -be O -due O -to O -a O -mitochondrial O -defect O -. O - -aps B-category -Trimethoprim B-Chemical -- O -induced O -immune O -hemolytic O -anemia O -in O -a O -pediatric O -oncology O -patient O -presenting O -as O -an O -acute O -hemolytic O -transfusion O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -10 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -male O -with O -acute O -leukemia O -presented O -with O -post O -- O -chemotherapy O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -red O -cell O -transfusion O -, O -he O -developed O -hemoglobinuria O -. O - -aps B-category -Transfusion O -reaction O -workup O -was O -negative O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -- O -induced O -immune O -hemolytic O -anemia O -was O -suspected O -because O -of O -positive O -direct O -antiglobulin O -test O -, O -negative O -eluate O -, O -and O -microspherocytes O -on O -smear O -pre O -- O -and O -post O -- O -transfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -studies O -using O -the O -indirect O -antiglobulin O -test O -were O -strongly O -positive O -with O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -and O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfamethoxazole I-Chemical -but O -negative O -with O -sulfamethoxazole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -recovered O -after O -discontinuing O -the O -drug O -, O -with O -no O -recurrence O -in O -2 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -causes O -of O -anemia O -should O -be O -considered O -in O -patients O -with O -worse O -- O -than O -- O -expected O -anemia O -after O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -hemolysis O -during O -transfusion O -is O -not O -always O -a O -transfusion O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Verapamil B-Chemical -stimulation O -test O -in O -hyperprolactinemia O -: O -loss O -of O -prolactin O -response O -in O -anatomic O -or O -functional O -stalk O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -AIM O -: O -Verapamil B-Chemical -stimulation O -test O -was O -previously O -investigated O -as O -a O -tool O -for O -differential O -diagnosis O -of O -hyperprolactinemia O -, O -but O -with O -conflicting O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -Macroprolactinemia O -was O -never O -considered O -in O -those O -previous O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -, O -we O -aimed O -to O -re O -- O -investigate O -the O -diagnostic O -value O -of O -verapamil B-Chemical -in O -a O -population O -who O -were O -all O -screened O -for O -macroprolactinemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolactin O -responses O -to O -verapamil B-Chemical -in O -65 O -female O -patients O -( O -age O -: O -29 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -. O -1 O -years O -) O -with O -hyperprolactinemia O -were O -tested O -in O -a O -descriptive O -, O -matched O -case O -- O -control O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Verapamil B-Chemical -80 O -mg O -, O -p O -. O -o O -. O -was O -administered O -, O -and O -then O -PRL O -levels O -were O -measured O -at O -8th O -and O -16th O -hours O -, O -by O -immunometric O -chemiluminescence O -. O - -aps B-category -Verapamil B-Chemical -responsiveness O -was O -determined O -by O -peak O -percent O -change O -in O -basal O -prolactin O -levels O -( O -PRL O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Verapamil B-Chemical -significantly O -increased O -PRL O -levels O -in O -healthy O -controls O -( O -N O -. O -8 O -, O -PRL O -: O -183 O -% O -) O -, O -macroprolactinoma O -( O -N O -. O -8 O -, O -PRL O -: O -7 O -% O -) O -, O -microprolactinoma O -( O -N O -. O -19 O -, O -PRL O -: O -21 O -% O -) O -, O -macroprolactinemia O -( O -N O -. O -23 O -, O -PRL O -: O -126 O -% O -) O -, O -but O -not O -in O -pseudoprolactinoma O -( O -N O -. O -8 O -, O -PRL O -: O -0 O -. O -8 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -risperidone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperprolactinemia O -( O -N O -. O -7 O -, O -PRL O -: O -3 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -ROC O -curve O -analysis O -revealed O -that O -unresponsiveness O -to O -verapamil B-Chemical -defined O -as O -PRL O -< O -7 O -% O -, O -discriminated O -anatomical O -or O -functional O -stalk O -effect O -( O -sensitivity O -: O -74 O -% O -, O -specificity O -: O -73 O -% O -, O -AUC O -: O -0 O -. O -855 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -04 O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -, O -CI O -: O -0 O -. O -768 O -- O -0 O -. O -942 O -) O -associated O -with O -pseudoprolactinoma O -or O -risperidone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperprolactinemia O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Verapamil B-Chemical -responsiveness O -is O -not O -a O -reliable O -finding O -for O -the O -differential O -diagnosis O -of O -hyperprolactinemia O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -verapamil B-Chemical -unresponsiveness O -discriminates O -stalk O -effect O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -anatomically O -or O -functionally O -inhibited O -dopaminergic O -tonus O -) O -from O -other O -causes O -of O -hyperprolactinemia O -with O -varying O -degrees O -of O -responsiveness O -. O - -aps B-category -Blockade O -of O -endothelial O -- O -mesenchymal O -transition O -by O -a O -Smad3 O -inhibitor O -delays O -the O -early O -development O -of O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -diabetic O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -A O -multicenter O -, O -controlled O -trial O -showed O -that O -early O -blockade O -of O -the O -renin O -- O -angiotensin B-Chemical -system O -in O -patients O -with O -type O -1 O -diabetes O -and O -normoalbuminuria O -did O -not O -retard O -the O -progression O -of O -nephropathy O -, O -suggesting O -that O -other O -mechanism O -( O -s O -) O -are O -involved O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -early O -diabetic O -nephropathy O -( O -diabetic O -nephropathy O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -previously O -demonstrated O -that O -endothelial O -- O -mesenchymal O -- O -transition O -( O -EndoMT O -) O -contributes O -to O -the O -early O -development O -of O -renal O -interstitial O -fibrosis O -independently O -of O -microalbuminuria O -in O -mice O -with O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -( O -STZ B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -diabetes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -we O -hypothesized O -that O -blocking O -EndoMT O -reduces O -the O -early O -development O -of O -diabetic O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -RESEARCH O -DESIGN O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -EndoMT O -was O -induced O -in O -a O -mouse O -pancreatic O -microvascular O -endothelial O -cell O -line O -( O -MMEC O -) O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -advanced O -glycation O -end O -products O -( O -AGEs O -) O -and O -in O -the O -endothelial O -lineage O -- O -traceble O -mouse O -line O -Tie2 O -- O -Cre O -; O -Loxp O -- O -EGFP O -by O -administration O -of O -AGEs O -, O -with O -nonglycated O -mouse O -albumin O -serving O -as O -a O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphorylated O -Smad3 O -was O -detected O -by O -immunoprecipitation O -/ O -Western O -blotting O -and O -confocal O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Blocking O -studies O -using O -receptor O -for O -AGE O -siRNA O -and O -a O -specific O -inhibitor O -of O -Smad3 O -( O -SIS3 O -) O -were O -performed O -in O -MMECs O -and O -in O -STZ B-Chemical -- O -induced O -diabetic O -nephropathy O -in O -Tie2 O -- O -Cre O -; O -Loxp O -- O -EGFP O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Confocal O -microscopy O -and O -real O -- O -time O -PCR O -demonstrated O -that O -AGEs O -induced O -EndoMT O -in O -MMECs O -and O -in O -Tie2 O -- O -Cre O -; O -Loxp O -- O -EGFP O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunoprecipitation O -/ O -Western O -blotting O -showed O -that O -Smad3 O -was O -activated O -by O -AGEs O -but O -was O -inhibited O -by O -SIS3 O -in O -MMECs O -and O -in O -STZ B-Chemical -- O -induced O -diabetic O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Confocal O -microscopy O -and O -real O -- O -time O -PCR O -further O -demonstrated O -that O -SIS3 O -abrogated O -EndoMT O -, O -reduced O -renal O -fibrosis O -, O -and O -retarded O -progression O -of O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -EndoMT O -is O -a O -novel O -pathway O -leading O -to O -early O -development O -of O -diabetic O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Blockade O -of O -EndoMT O -by O -SIS3 O -may O -provide O -a O -new O -strategy O -to O -retard O -the O -progression O -of O -diabetic O -nephropathy O -and O -other O -diabetes O -complications O -. O - -aps B-category -Cytostatic O -and O -anti O -- O -angiogenic O -effects O -of O -temsirolimus B-Chemical -in O -refractory O -mantle O -cell O -lymphoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Mantle O -cell O -lymphoma O -( O -MCL O -) O -is O -a O -rare O -and O -aggressive O -type O -of O -B O -- O -cell O -non O -- O -Hodgkin O -' O -s O -lymphoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -become O -progressively O -refractory O -to O -conventional O -chemotherapy O -, O -and O -their O -prognosis O -is O -poor O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -a O -38 O -% O -remission O -rate O -has O -been O -recently O -reported O -in O -refractory O -MCL O -treated O -with O -temsirolimus B-Chemical -, O -a O -mTOR O -inhibitor O -. O -Here O -we O -had O -the O -opportunity O -to O -study O -a O -case O -of O -refractory O -MCL O -who O -had O -tumor O -regression O -two O -months O -after O -temsirolimus B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -and O -a O -progression O -- O -free O -survival O -of O -10 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -case O -, O -lymph O -node O -biopsies O -were O -performed O -before O -and O -six O -months O -after O -temsirolimus B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -two O -biopsies O -showed O -that O -temsirolimus B-Chemical -inhibited O -tumor O -cell O -proliferation O -through O -cell O -cycle O -arrest O -, O -but O -did O -not O -induce O -any O -change O -in O -the O -number O -of O -apoptotic O -tumor O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Apart O -from O -this O -cytostatic O -effect O -, O -temsirolimus B-Chemical -had O -an O -antiangiogenic O -effect O -with O -decrease O -of O -tumor O -microvessel O -density O -and O -of O -VEGF O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -numerous O -patchy O -, O -well O -- O -limited O -fibrotic O -areas O -, O -compatible O -with O -post O -- O -necrotic O -tissue O -repair O -, O -were O -found O -after O -6 O -- O -month O -temsirolimus B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -temsirolimus B-Chemical -reduced O -tumor O -burden O -through O -associated O -cytostatic O -and O -anti O -- O -angiogenic O -effects O -. O -This O -dual O -effect O -of O -temsirolimus B-Chemical -on O -tumor O -tissue O -could O -contribute O -to O -its O -recently O -reported O -efficiency O -in O -refractory O -MCL O -resistant O -to O -conventional O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -renal O -failure O -due O -to O -rifampicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -23 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -male O -patient O -with O -bacteriologically O -proven O -pulmonary O -tuberculosis O -was O -treated O -with O -the O -various O -regimens O -of O -antituberculosis O -drugs O -for O -nearly O -15 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Rifampicin B-Chemical -was O -administered O -thrice O -as O -one O -of O -the O -3 O -- O -4 O -drug O -regimen O -and O -each O -time O -he O -developed O -untoward O -side O -effects O -like O -nausea O -, O -vomiting O -and O -fever O -with O -chills O -and O -rigors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -last O -such O -episode O -was O -of O -acute O -renal O -failure O -at O -which O -stage O -the O -patient O -was O -seen O -by O -the O -authors O -of O -this O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -, O -however O -, O -made O -a O -full O -recovery O -. O - -aps B-category -Syncope O -caused O -by O -hyperkalemia O -during O -use O -of O -a O -combined O -therapy O -with O -the O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- O -converting O -enzyme O -inhibitor O -and O -spironolactone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -76 O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -a O -history O -of O -coronary O -artery O -bypass O -grafting O -and O -prior O -myocardial O -infarction O -was O -transferred O -to O -the O -emergency O -room O -with O -loss O -of O -consciousness O -due O -to O -marked O -bradycardia O -caused O -by O -hyperkalemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -was O -high O -, O -and O -normal O -sinus O -rhythm O -was O -restored O -after O -correction O -of O -the O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cause O -of O -hyperkalemia O -was O -considered O -to O -be O -several O -doses O -of O -spiranolactone B-Chemical -, O -an O -aldosterone B-Chemical -antagonist O -, O -in O -addition O -to O -the O -long O -- O -term O -intake O -of O -ramipril B-Chemical -, O -an O -ACE O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -is O -a O -good O -example O -of O -electrolyte O -imbalance O -causing O -acute O -life O -- O -threatening O -cardiac O -events O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinicians O -should O -be O -alert O -to O -the O -possibility O -of O -hyperkalemia O -, O -especially O -in O -elderly O -patients O -using O -ACE O -/ O -ARB O -in O -combination O -with O -potassium B-Chemical -sparing O -agents O -and O -who O -have O -mild O -renal O -disturbance O -. O - -aps B-category -Diffuse O -skeletal O -pain O -after O -administration O -of O -alendronate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Osteoporosis O -is O -caused O -by O -bone O -resorption O -in O -excess O -of O -bone O -formation O -, O -and O -bisphosphonates B-Chemical -, O -are O -used O -to O -inhibit O -bone O -resorption O -. O - -aps B-category -Alendronate B-Chemical -, O -a O -biphosphonate B-Chemical -, O -is O -effective O -for O -both O -the O -treatment O -and O -prevention O -of O -osteoporosis O -in O -postmenopausal O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -Side O -effects O -are O -relatively O -few O -and O -prominently O -gastrointestinal O -. O - -aps B-category -Musculoskeletal O -pain O -may O -be O -an O -important O -side O -effect O -in O -these O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -presented O -a O -patient O -admitted O -to O -our O -out O -- O -patient O -clinic O -with O -diffuse O -skeletal O -pain O -after O -three O -consecutive O -administration O -of O -alendronate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -We O -conclude O -that O -patients O -with O -osteoporosis O -can O -report O -pain O -, O -and O -bisphosphonate B-Chemical -- O -related O -pain O -should O -also O -be O -considered O -before O -ascribing O -this O -complaint O -to O -osteoporosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebrospinal O -fluid O -penetration O -of O -high O -- O -dose O -daptomycin B-Chemical -in O -suspected O -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -meningitis O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -report O -a O -case O -of O -methicillin B-Chemical -- O -sensitive O -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -( O -MSSA O -) O -bacteremia O -with O -suspected O -MSSA O -meningitis O -treated O -with O -high O -- O -dose O -daptomycin B-Chemical -assessed O -with O -concurrent O -serum O -and O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -( O -CSF O -) O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -SUMMARY O -: O -A O -54 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -male O -presented O -to O -the O -emergency O -department O -with O -generalized O -weakness O -and O -presumed O -health O -- O -care O -- O -associated O -pneumonia O -shown O -on O -chest O -radiograph O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -was O -empirically O -initiated O -with O -vancomycin B-Chemical -, O -levofloxacin B-Chemical -, O -and O -piperacillin B-Chemical -/ O -tazobactam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -cultures O -revealed O -S O -. O -aureus O -susceptible O -to O -oxacillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Empiric O -antibiotic O -treatment O -was O -narrowed O -to O -nafcillin B-Chemical -on O -day O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -day O -8 O -, O -the O -patient O -developed O -acute O -renal O -failure O -( O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -1 O -. O -9 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -, O -increased O -from O -1 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -the O -previous O -day O -and O -0 O -. O -8 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -on O -admission O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -' O -s O -Glasgow O -Coma O -Score O -was O -3 O -, O -with O -normal O -findings O -shown O -on O -computed O -tomography O -scan O -of O -the O -head O -72 O -hours O -following O -an O -episode O -of O -cardiac O -arrest O -on O -day O -10 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -experienced O -relapsing O -MSSA O -bacteremia O -on O -day O -9 O -, O -increasing O -the O -suspicion O -for O -a O -central O -nervous O -system O -( O -CNS O -) O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -Nafcillin B-Chemical -was O -discontinued O -and O -daptomycin B-Chemical -9 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -daily O -was O -initiated O -for O -suspected O -meningitis O -and O -was O -continued O -until O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -death O -on O -day O -16 O -. O - -aps B-category -Daptomycin B-Chemical -serum O -and O -CSF O -trough O -concentrations O -were O -11 O -. O -21 O -ug O -/ O -mL O -and O -0 O -. O -52 O -ug O -/ O -mL O -, O -respectively O -, O -prior O -to O -the O -third O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Lumbar O -puncture O -results O -were O -inconclusive O -and O -no O -further O -blood O -cultures O -were O -positive O -for O -MSSA O -. O - -aps B-category -Creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -levels O -were O -normal O -prior O -to O -daptomycin B-Chemical -therapy O -and O -were O -not O -reassessed O -. O - -aps B-category -DISCUSSION O -: O -Daptomycin B-Chemical -was O -initiated O -in O -our O -patient O -secondary O -to O -possible O -nafcillin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -interstitial O -nephritis O -and O -relapsing O -bacteremia O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -a O -dose O -of O -9 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -resultant O -penetration O -of O -5 O -% O -was O -higher O -than O -in O -previous O -reports O -, O -more O -consistent O -with O -inflamed O -meninges O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -High O -- O -dose O -daptomycin B-Chemical -may O -be O -an O -alternative O -option O -for O -MSSA O -bacteremia O -with O -or O -without O -a O -CNS O -source O -in O -patients O -who O -have O -failed O -or O -cannot O -tolerate O -standard O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -clinical O -evaluation O -in O -patients O -with O -confirmed O -meningitis O -is O -warranted O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -in O -convulsions O -induced O -by O -lindane B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Lindane B-Chemical -is O -an O -organochloride O -pesticide O -and O -scabicide O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -evokes O -convulsions O -mainly O -trough O -the O -blockage O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -( O -NO B-Chemical -) O -, O -gaseous O -neurotransmitter O -, O -has O -contradictor O -role O -in O -epileptogenesis O -due O -to O -opposite O -effects O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -, O -precursor O -of O -NO B-Chemical -syntheses O -( O -NOS O -) O -, O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NAME I-Chemical -( O -NOS O -inhibitor O -) O -observed O -in O -different O -epilepsy O -models O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -the O -current O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -the O -effects O -of O -NO B-Chemical -on O -the O -behavioral O -and O -EEG O -characteristics O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -- O -induced O -epilepsy O -in O -male O -Wistar O -albino O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -( O -600 O -, O -800 O -and O -1000 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -in O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -significantly O -increased O -convulsion O -incidence O -and O -severity O -and O -shortened O -latency O -time O -to O -first O -convulsion O -elicited O -by O -lower O -lindane B-Chemical -dose O -( O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -contrary O -, O -pretreatment O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NAME I-Chemical -( O -500 O -, O -700 O -and O -900 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -decreased O -convulsion O -incidence O -and O -severity O -and O -prolonged O -latency O -time O -to O -convulsion O -following O -injection O -with O -a O -convulsive O -dose O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -( O -8 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -EEG O -analyses O -showed O -increase O -of O -number O -and O -duration O -of O -ictal O -periods O -in O -EEG O -of O -rats O -receiving O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -prior O -to O -lindane B-Chemical -and O -decrease O -of O -this O -number O -in O -rats O -pretreated O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NAME I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -support O -the O -conclusion O -that O -NO B-Chemical -plays O -a O -role O -of O -endogenous O -convulsant O -in O -rat O -model O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -polyneuropathy O -and O -motor O -loss O -after O -intrathecal O -thiotepa B-Chemical -combination O -chemotherapy O -: O -description O -of O -two O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -cases O -of O -severe O -delayed O -neurologic O -toxicity O -related O -to O -the O -administration O -of O -intrathecal O -( O -IT O -) O -combination O -chemotherapy O -including O -thiotepa B-Chemical -( O -TSPA B-Chemical -) O -are O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -cases O -developed O -axonal O -neuropathy O -with O -motor O -predominance O -in O -the O -lower O -extremities O -1 O -and O -6 O -months O -after O -IT O -chemotherapy O -was O -administered O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurologic O -toxicities O -have O -been O -described O -with O -IT O -- O -methotrexate B-Chemical -, O -IT O -- O -cytosine B-Chemical -arabinoside I-Chemical -and O -IT O -- O -TSPA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -To O -our O -knowledge O -, O -however O -, O -axonal O -neuropathy O -following O -administration O -of O -these O -three O -agents O -has O -not O -been O -previously O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -spite O -of O -the O -fact O -that O -TSPA B-Chemical -is O -a O -useful O -IT O -agent O -, O -its O -combination O -with O -MTX B-Chemical -, O -ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -and O -radiotherapy O -could O -cause O -severe O -neurotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -unexpected O -complication O -indicates O -the O -need O -for O -further O -toxicology O -research O -on O -IT O -- O -TSPA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -cromakalim B-Chemical -and O -pinacidil B-Chemical -on O -large O -epicardial O -and O -small O -coronary O -arteries O -in O -conscious O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -i O -. O -v O -. O -bolus O -administration O -of O -cromakalim B-Chemical -( O -1 O -- O -10 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -pinacidil B-Chemical -( O -3 O -- O -100 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -) O -on O -large O -( O -circumflex O -artery O -) O -and O -small O -coronary O -arteries O -and O -on O -systemic O -hemodynamics O -were O -investigated O -in O -chronically O -instrumented O -conscious O -dogs O -and O -compared O -to O -those O -of O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -03 O -- O -10 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitroglycerin B-Chemical -, O -up O -to O -0 O -. O -3 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -, O -selectively O -increased O -circumflex O -artery O -diameter O -( O -CxAD O -) O -without O -simultaneously O -affecting O -any O -other O -cardiac O -or O -systemic O -hemodynamic O -parameter O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -cromakalim B-Chemical -and O -pinacidil B-Chemical -at O -all O -doses O -and O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -at O -doses O -higher O -than O -0 O -. O -3 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -simultaneously O -and O -dose O -- O -dependently O -increased O -CxAD O -, O -coronary O -blood O -flow O -and O -heart O -rate O -and O -decreased O -coronary O -vascular O -resistance O -and O -aortic O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Cromakalim B-Chemical -was O -approximately O -8 O -- O -to O -9 O -. O -5 O -- O -fold O -more O -potent O -than O -pinacidil B-Chemical -in O -increasing O -CxAD O -. O - -aps B-category -Vasodilation O -of O -large O -and O -small O -coronary O -vessels O -and O -hypotension O -induced O -by O -cromakalim B-Chemical -and O -pinacidil B-Chemical -were O -not O -affected O -by O -prior O -combined O -beta B-Chemical -adrenergic I-Chemical -and I-Chemical -muscarinic I-Chemical -receptors I-Chemical -blockade I-Chemical -but O -drug O -- O -induced O -tachycardia O -was O -abolished O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -circumflex O -artery O -blood O -flow O -was O -maintained O -constant O -, O -the O -increases O -in O -CxAD O -induced O -by O -cromakalim B-Chemical -( O -10 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -pinacidil B-Chemical -( O -30 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -( O -10 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -) O -were O -reduced O -by O -68 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -, O -54 O -+ O -/ O -- O -9 O -and O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -% O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -whereas O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -preferentially O -and O -flow O -- O -independently O -dilates O -large O -coronary O -arteries O -, O -cromakalim B-Chemical -and O -pinacidil B-Chemical -dilate O -both O -large O -and O -small O -coronary O -arteries O -and O -this O -effect O -is O -not O -dependent O -upon O -the O -simultaneous O -beta O -adrenoceptors O -- O -mediated O -rise O -in O -myocardial O -metabolic O -demand O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -two O -mechanisms O -at O -least O -, O -direct O -vasodilation O -and O -flow O -dependency O -, O -are O -involved O -in O -the O -cromakalim B-Chemical -- O -and O -pinacidil B-Chemical -- O -induced O -increase O -in O -CxAD O -. O - -aps B-category -Mefenamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -induced O -neutropenia O -and O -renal O -failure O -in O -elderly O -females O -with O -hypothyroidism O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -mefenamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -induced O -non O -- O -oliguric O -renal O -failure O -and O -severe O -neutropenia O -occurring O -simultaneously O -in O -two O -elderly O -females O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -neutropenia O -was O -due O -to O -maturation O -arrest O -of O -the O -myeloid O -series O -in O -one O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -patients O -were O -also O -hypothyroid O -, O -but O -it O -is O -not O -clear O -whether O -this O -was O -a O -predisposing O -factor O -to O -the O -development O -of O -these O -adverse O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -it O -would O -seem O -prudent O -not O -to O -use O -mefenamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -hypothyroid O -patients O -until O -the O -hypothyroidism O -has O -been O -corrected O -. O - -aps B-category -Etiology O -of O -hypercalcemia O -in O -hemodialysis O -patients O -on O -calcium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Fourteen O -of O -39 O -dialysis O -patients O -( O -36 O -% O -) O -became O -hypercalcemic O -after O -switching O -to O -calcium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -as O -their O -principal O -phosphate B-Chemical -binder O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -identify O -risk O -factors O -associated O -with O -the O -development O -of O -hypercalcemia O -, O -indirect O -parameters O -of O -intestinal O -calcium B-Chemical -reabsorption O -and O -bone O -turnover O -rate O -in O -these O -14 O -patients O -were O -compared O -with O -results O -in O -14 O -eucalcemic O -patients O -matched O -for O -age O -, O -sex O -, O -length O -of O -time O -on O -dialysis O -, O -and O -etiology O -of O -renal O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -experiencing O -hypercalcemic O -episodes O -with O -peak O -calcium B-Chemical -values O -of O -2 O -. O -7 O -to O -3 O -. O -8 O -mmol O -/ O -L O -( O -10 O -. O -7 O -to O -15 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -) O -, O -patients O -in O -the O -hypercalcemic O -group O -exhibited O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -mean O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -obtained O -during O -6 O -months O -before O -the O -switch O -, O -compared O -with O -the O -mean O -value O -obtained O -during O -the O -7 O -months O -of O -observation O -after O -the O -switch O -( O -2 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -03 O -to O -2 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -03 O -mmol O -/ O -L O -[ O -9 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -to O -10 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -] O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -006 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -eucalcemic O -patients O -exhibited O -no O -change O -in O -mean O -calcium B-Chemical -values O -over O -the O -same O -time O -period O -( O -2 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -05 O -to O -2 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -05 O -mmol O -/ O -L O -[ O -9 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -to O -9 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -] O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CaCO3 B-Chemical -dosage O -, O -calculated O -dietary O -calcium B-Chemical -intake O -, O -and O -circulating O -levels O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -metabolites O -were O -similar O -in O -both O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Physical O -activity O -index O -and O -predialysis O -serum O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -levels O -also O -were O -similar O -in O -both O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -difference O -in O -parameters O -reflecting O -bone O -turnover O -rates O -between O -groups O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Late O -- O -onset O -scleroderma O -renal O -crisis O -induced O -by O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -and O -prednisolone B-Chemical -: O -a O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -Scleroderma O -renal O -crisis O -( O -SRC O -) O -is O -a O -rare O -complication O -of O -systemic O -sclerosis O -( O -SSc O -) O -but O -can O -be O -severe O -enough O -to O -require O -temporary O -or O -permanent O -renal O -replacement O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Moderate O -to O -high O -dose O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -use O -is O -recognized O -as O -a O -major O -risk O -factor O -for O -SRC O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -there O -have O -been O -reports O -of O -thrombotic O -microangiopathy O -precipitated O -by O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -SSc O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -article O -, O -we O -report O -a O -patient O -with O -SRC O -induced O -by O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -and O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -work O -is O -to O -call O -attention O -to O -the O -risk O -of O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -use O -in O -patients O -with O -SSc O -. O - -aps B-category -Methyldopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hemolytic O -anemia O -in O -a O -15 O -year O -old O -presenting O -as O -near O -- O -syncope O -. O - -aps B-category -Methyldopa B-Chemical -is O -an O -antihypertensive O -medication O -which O -is O -available O -generically O -and O -under O -the O -trade O -name O -Aldomet B-Chemical -that O -is O -widely O -prescribed O -in O -the O -adult O -population O -and O -infrequently O -used O -in O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -Methyldopa B-Chemical -causes O -an O -autoimmune O -hemolytic O -anemia O -in O -a O -small O -percentage O -of O -patients O -who O -take O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -methyldopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hemolytic O -anemia O -in O -a O -15 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -boy O -who O -presented O -to O -the O -emergency O -department O -with O -near O -- O -syncope O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -boy O -had O -been O -treated O -with O -intravenous O -methyldopa B-Chemical -during O -a O -trauma O -admission O -seven O -weeks O -prior O -to O -presentation O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -revealed O -a O -hemoglobin O -of O -three O -grams O -, O -3 O -+ O -Coombs O -' O -test O -with O -polyspecific O -anti O -- O -human O -globulin O -and O -monospecific O -IgG O -reagents O -, O -and O -a O -warm O -reacting O -autoantibody O -. O - -aps B-category -Transfusion O -and O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -therapy O -resulted O -in O -a O -complete O -recovery O -of O -the O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Emergency O -physicians O -treating O -children O -must O -be O -aware O -of O -this O -syndrome O -in O -order O -to O -diagnose O -and O -treat O -it O -correctly O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -brief O -review O -of O -autoimmune O -and O -drug O -- O -induced O -hemolytic O -anemias O -is O -provided O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -risk O -and O -associated O -factors O -of O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -psychosis O -in O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- O -dependent O -patients O -in O -Malaysia O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -The O -objective O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -the O -risk O -of O -lifetime O -and O -current O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -psychosis O -in O -patients O -with O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -dependence O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -association O -between O -psychiatric O -co O -- O -morbidity O -and O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -psychosis O -was O -also O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -This O -was O -a O -cross O -- O -sectional O -study O -conducted O -concurrently O -at O -a O -teaching O -hospital O -and O -a O -drug O -rehabilitation O -center O -in O -Malaysia O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -the O -diagnosis O -of O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -based O -on O -DSM O -- O -IV O -were O -interviewed O -using O -the O -Mini O -International O -Neuropsychiatric O -Interview O -( O -M O -. O -I O -. O -N O -. O -I O -. O -) O -for O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -psychosis O -and O -other O -Axis O -I O -psychiatric O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -information O -on O -sociodemographic O -background O -and O -drug O -use O -history O -was O -obtained O -from O -interview O -or O -medical O -records O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Of O -292 O -subjects O -, O -47 O -. O -9 O -% O -of O -the O -subjects O -had O -a O -past O -history O -of O -psychotic O -symptoms O -and O -13 O -. O -0 O -% O -of O -the O -patients O -were O -having O -current O -psychotic O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Co O -- O -morbid O -major O -depressive O -disorder O -( O -OR O -= O -7 O -. O -18 O -, O -95 O -CI O -= O -2 O -. O -612 O -- O -19 O -. O -708 O -) O -, O -bipolar O -disorder O -( O -OR O -= O -13 O -. O -807 O -, O -95 O -CI O -= O -5 O -. O -194 O -- O -36 O -. O -706 O -) O -, O -antisocial O -personality O -disorder O -( O -OR O -= O -12 O -. O -619 O -, O -95 O -CI O -= O -6 O -. O -702 O -- O -23 O -. O -759 O -) O -and O -heavy O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -uses O -were O -significantly O -associated O -with O -lifetime O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -psychosis O -after O -adjusted O -for O -other O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -Major O -depressive O -disorder O -( O -OR O -= O -2 O -. O -870 O -, O -CI O -= O -1 O -. O -154 O -- O -7 O -. O -142 O -) O -and O -antisocial O -personality O -disorder O -( O -OR O -= O -3 O -. O -299 O -, O -95 O -CI O -= O -1 O -. O -375 O -- O -7 O -. O -914 O -) O -were O -the O -only O -factors O -associated O -with O -current O -psychosis O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -There O -was O -a O -high O -risk O -of O -psychosis O -in O -patients O -with O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -dependence O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -associated O -with O -co O -- O -morbid O -affective O -disorder O -, O -antisocial O -personality O -, O -and O -heavy O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -recommended O -that O -all O -cases O -of O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -dependence O -should O -be O -screened O -for O -psychotic O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebellar O -sensory O -processing O -alterations O -impact O -motor O -cortical O -plasticity O -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -: O -clues O -from O -dyskinetic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -plasticity O -of O -primary O -motor O -cortex O -( O -M1 O -) O -in O -patients O -with O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -( O -PD O -) O -and O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -( O -LIDs O -) O -is O -severely O -impaired O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -recently O -reported O -in O -young O -healthy O -subjects O -that O -inhibitory O -cerebellar O -stimulation O -enhanced O -the O -sensorimotor O -plasticity O -of O -M1 O -that O -was O -induced O -by O -paired O -associative O -stimulation O -( O -PAS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -demonstrates O -that O -the O -deficient O -sensorimotor O -M1 O -plasticity O -in O -16 O -patients O -with O -LIDs O -could O -be O -reinstated O -by O -a O -single O -session O -of O -real O -inhibitory O -cerebellar O -stimulation O -but O -not O -sham O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -evident O -only O -when O -a O -sensory O -component O -was O -involved O -in O -the O -induction O -of O -plasticity O -, O -indicating O -that O -cerebellar O -sensory O -processing O -function O -is O -involved O -in O -the O -resurgence O -of O -M1 O -plasticity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -benefit O -of O -inhibitory O -cerebellar O -stimulation O -on O -LIDs O -is O -known O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -explore O -whether O -this O -benefit O -is O -linked O -to O -the O -restoration O -of O -sensorimotor O -plasticity O -of O -M1 O -, O -we O -conducted O -an O -additional O -study O -looking O -at O -changes O -in O -LIDs O -and O -PAS O -- O -induced O -plasticity O -after O -10 O -sessions O -of O -either O -bilateral O -, O -real O -inhibitory O -cerebellar O -stimulation O -or O -sham O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -real O -and O -not O -sham O -stimulation O -had O -an O -antidyskinetic O -effect O -and O -it O -was O -paralleled O -by O -a O -resurgence O -in O -the O -sensorimotor O -plasticity O -of O -M1 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -alterations O -in O -cerebellar O -sensory O -processing O -function O -, O -occurring O -secondary O -to O -abnormal O -basal O -ganglia O -signals O -reaching O -it O -, O -may O -be O -an O -important O -element O -contributing O -to O -the O -maladaptive O -sensorimotor O -plasticity O -of O -M1 O -and O -the O -emergence O -of O -abnormal O -involuntary O -movements O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -long O -- O -term O -safety O -of O -danazol B-Chemical -in O -women O -with O -hereditary O -angioedema O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -short O -- O -term O -safety O -( O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -6 O -months O -) O -of O -danazol B-Chemical -has O -been O -established O -in O -a O -variety O -of O -settings O -, O -no O -information O -exists O -as O -to O -its O -long O -- O -term O -safety O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -therefore O -investigated O -the O -long O -- O -term O -safety O -of O -danazol B-Chemical -by O -performing O -a O -retrospective O -chart O -review O -of O -60 O -female O -patients O -with O -hereditary O -angioedema O -treated O -with O -danazol B-Chemical -for O -a O -continuous O -period O -of O -6 O -months O -or O -longer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -age O -of O -the O -patients O -was O -35 O -. O -2 O -years O -and O -the O -mean O -duration O -of O -therapy O -was O -59 O -. O -7 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Virtually O -all O -patients O -experienced O -one O -or O -more O -adverse O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Menstrual O -abnormalities O -( O -79 O -% O -) O -, O -weight O -gain O -( O -60 O -% O -) O -, O -muscle O -cramps O -/ O -myalgias O -( O -40 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -transaminase O -elevations O -( O -40 O -% O -) O -were O -the O -most O -common O -adverse O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -was O -discontinued O -due O -to O -adverse O -reactions O -in O -8 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -patient O -has O -died O -or O -suffered O -any O -apparent O -long O -- O -term O -sequelae O -that O -were O -directly O -attributable O -to O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -, O -despite O -a O -relatively O -high O -incidence O -of O -adverse O -reactions O -, O -danazol B-Chemical -has O -proven O -to O -be O -remarkably O -safe O -over O -the O -long O -- O -term O -in O -this O -group O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -function O -of O -P2X3 O -receptor O -and O -NK1 O -receptor O -antagonists O -on O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cystitis O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -The O -purpose O -of O -the O -study O -is O -to O -explore O -the O -function O -of O -P2X3 O -and O -NK1 O -receptors O -antagonists O -on O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -CYP B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -cystitis O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Sixty O -female O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -( O -SD O -) O -rats O -were O -randomly O -divided O -into O -three O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rats O -in O -the O -control O -group O -were O -intraperitoneally O -( O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -injected O -with O -0 O -. O -9 O -% O -saline O -( O -4 O -ml O -/ O -kg O -) O -; O -the O -rats O -in O -the O -model O -group O -were O -i O -. O -p O -. O -injected O -with O -CYP B-Chemical -( O -150 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -; O -and O -the O -rats O -in O -the O -intervention O -group O -were O -i O -. O -p O -. O -injected O -with O -CYP B-Chemical -with O -subsequently O -perfusion O -of O -bladder O -with O -P2X3 O -and O -NK1 O -receptors O -' O -antagonists O -, O -Suramin B-Chemical -and O -GR B-Chemical -82334 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Spontaneous O -pain O -behaviors O -following O -the O -administration O -of O -CYP B-Chemical -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Urodynamic O -parameters O -, O -bladder O -pressure O -- O -volume O -curve O -, O -maximum O -voiding O -pressure O -( O -MVP O -) O -, O -and O -maximum O -cystometric O -capacity O -( O -MCC O -) O -, O -were O -recorded O -. O - -aps B-category -Pathological O -changes O -in O -bladder O -tissue O -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunofluorescence O -was O -used O -to O -detect O -the O -expression O -of O -P2X3 O -and O -NK1 O -receptors O -in O -bladder O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -treatment O -increased O -the O -spontaneous O -pain O -behaviors O -scores O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -bladder O -instability O -during O -urine O -storage O -period O -of O -model O -group O -was O -significantly O -higher O -than O -intervention O -group O -( O -X O -( O -2 O -) O -= O -7 O -. O -619 O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -007 O -) O -and O -control O -group O -( O -X O -( O -2 O -) O -= O -13 O -. O -755 O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -000 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -MCC O -in O -the O -model O -group O -was O -lower O -than O -the O -control O -and O -intervention O -groups O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Histological O -changes O -evident O -in O -model O -and O -intervention O -groups O -rats O -' O -bladder O -included O -edema O -, O -vasodilation O -, O -and O -infiltration O -of O -inflammatory O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -model O -group O -, O -the O -expression O -of O -P2X3 O -receptor O -increased O -in O -urothelium O -and O -suburothelium O -, O -and O -NK1 O -receptor O -increased O -in O -suburothelium O -, O -while O -the O -expression O -of O -them O -in O -intervention O -group O -was O -lower O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -In O -CYP B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cystitis O -, O -the O -expression O -of O -P2X3 O -and O -NK1 O -receptors O -increased O -in O -urothelium O -and O -/ O -or O -suburothelium O -. O - -aps B-category -Perfusion O -of O -bladder O -with O -P2X3 O -and O -NK1 O -receptors O -antagonists O -ameliorated O -the O -bladder O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Patient O -tolerance O -study O -of O -topical O -chlorhexidine B-Chemical -diphosphanilate I-Chemical -: O -a O -new O -topical O -agent O -for O -burns O -. O - -aps B-category -Effective O -topical O -antimicrobial O -agents O -decrease O -infection O -and O -mortality O -in O -burn O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Chlorhexidine B-Chemical -phosphanilate I-Chemical -( O -CHP B-Chemical -) O -, O -a O -new O -broad O -- O -spectrum O -antimicrobial O -agent O -, O -has O -been O -evaluated O -as O -a O -topical O -burn O -wound O -dressing O -in O -cream O -form O -, O -but O -preliminary O -clinical O -trials O -reported O -that O -it O -was O -painful O -upon O -application O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -compared O -various O -concentrations O -of O -CHP B-Chemical -to O -determine O -if O -a O -tolerable O -concentration O -could O -be O -identified O -with O -retention O -of O -antimicrobial O -efficacy O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -nine O -burn O -patients O -, O -each O -with O -two O -similar O -burns O -which O -could O -be O -separately O -treated O -, O -were O -given O -pairs O -of O -treatments O -at O -successive O -12 O -- O -h O -intervals O -over O -a O -3 O -- O -day O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -burn O -site O -was O -treated O -with O -each O -of O -four O -different O -CHP B-Chemical -concentrations O -, O -from O -0 O -. O -25 O -per O -cent O -to O -2 O -per O -cent O -, O -their O -vehicle O -, O -and O -1 O -per O -cent O -silver B-Chemical -sulphadiazine I-Chemical -( O -AgSD B-Chemical -) O -cream O -, O -an O -antimicrobial O -agent O -frequently O -used O -for O -topical O -treatment O -of O -burn O -wounds O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -other O -site O -was O -always O -treated O -with O -AgSD B-Chemical -cream O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -direct O -relationship O -between O -CHP B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -patients O -' O -ratings O -of O -pain O -on O -an O -analogue O -scale O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -0 O -. O -25 O -per O -cent O -CHP B-Chemical -cream O -was O -closest O -to O -AgSD B-Chemical -in O -pain O -tolerance O -; O -however O -, O -none O -of O -the O -treatments O -differed O -statistically O -from O -AgSD B-Chemical -or O -from O -each O -other O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -ease O -of O -application O -of O -CHP B-Chemical -creams O -was O -less O -satisfactory O -than O -that O -of O -AgSD B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -formulations O -at O -or O -below O -0 O -. O -5 O -per O -cent O -CHP B-Chemical -may O -prove O -acceptable O -for O -wound O -care O -, O -but O -the O -vehicle O -system O -needs O -pharmaceutical O -improvement O -to O -render O -it O -more O -tolerable O -and O -easier O -to O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -hepatitis O -associated O -with O -clopidogrel B-Chemical -: O -a O -case O -report O -and O -review O -of O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -- O -induced O -hepatotoxicity O -is O -a O -common O -cause O -of O -acute O -hepatitis O -, O -and O -the O -recognition O -of O -the O -responsible O -drug O -may O -be O -difficult O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -case O -of O -clopidogrel B-Chemical -- O -related O -acute O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diagnosis O -is O -strongly O -suggested O -by O -an O -accurate O -medical O -history O -and O -liver O -biopsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Reports O -about O -cases O -of O -hepatotoxicity O -due O -to O -clopidogrel B-Chemical -are O -increasing O -in O -the O -last O -few O -years O -, O -after O -the O -increased O -use O -of O -this O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -we O -believe O -that O -physicians O -should O -carefully O -consider O -the O -risk O -of O -drug O -- O -induced O -hepatic O -injury O -when O -clopidogrel B-Chemical -is O -prescribed O -. O - -aps B-category -Bortezomib B-Chemical -and O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -as O -salvage O -therapy O -in O -patients O -with O -relapsed O -/ O -refractory O -multiple O -myeloma O -: O -analysis O -of O -long O -- O -term O -clinical O -outcomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Bortezomib B-Chemical -( O -bort B-Chemical -) O -- O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -( O -dex B-Chemical -) O -is O -an O -effective O -therapy O -for O -relapsed O -/ O -refractory O -( O -R O -/ O -R O -) O -multiple O -myeloma O -( O -MM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -retrospective O -study O -investigated O -the O -combination O -of O -bort B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -3 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -on O -days O -1 O -, O -4 O -, O -8 O -, O -and O -11 O -every O -3 O -weeks O -) O -and O -dex B-Chemical -( O -20 O -mg O -on O -the O -day O -of O -and O -the O -day O -after O -bort B-Chemical -) O -as O -salvage O -treatment O -in O -85 O -patients O -with O -R O -/ O -R O -MM O -after O -prior O -autologous O -stem O -cell O -transplantation O -or O -conventional O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -median O -number O -of O -prior O -lines O -of O -therapy O -was O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Eighty O -- O -seven O -percent O -of O -the O -patients O -had O -received O -immunomodulatory O -drugs O -included O -in O -some O -line O -of O -therapy O -before O -bort B-Chemical -- O -dex B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -median O -number O -of O -bort B-Chemical -- O -dex B-Chemical -cycles O -was O -6 O -, O -up O -to O -a O -maximum O -of O -12 O -cycles O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -an O -intention O -- O -to O -- O -treat O -basis O -, O -55 O -% O -of O -the O -patients O -achieved O -at O -least O -partial O -response O -, O -including O -19 O -% O -CR O -and O -35 O -% O -achieved O -at O -least O -very O -good O -partial O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Median O -durations O -of O -response O -, O -time O -to O -next O -therapy O -and O -treatment O -- O -free O -interval O -were O -8 O -, O -11 O -. O -2 O -, O -and O -5 O -. O -1 O -months O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -relevant O -adverse O -event O -was O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -, O -which O -occurred O -in O -78 O -% O -of O -the O -patients O -( O -grade O -II O -, O -38 O -% O -; O -grade O -III O -, O -21 O -% O -) O -and O -led O -to O -treatment O -discontinuation O -in O -6 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -a O -median O -follow O -up O -of O -22 O -months O -, O -median O -time O -to O -progression O -, O -progression O -- O -free O -survival O -( O -PFS O -) O -and O -overall O -survival O -( O -OS O -) O -were O -8 O -. O -9 O -, O -8 O -. O -7 O -, O -and O -22 O -months O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolonged O -PFS O -and O -OS O -were O -observed O -in O -patients O -achieving O -CR O -and O -receiving O -bort B-Chemical -- O -dex B-Chemical -a O -single O -line O -of O -prior O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Bort B-Chemical -- O -dex B-Chemical -was O -an O -effective O -salvage O -treatment O -for O -MM O -patients O -, O -particularly O -for O -those O -in O -first O -relapse O -. O - -aps B-category -Pubertal O -exposure O -to O -Bisphenol B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -increases O -anxiety O -- O -like O -behavior O -and O -decreases O -acetylcholinesterase O -activity O -of O -hippocampus O -in O -adult O -male O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -negative O -effects O -of O -Bisphenol B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -( O -BPA B-Chemical -) O -on O -neurodevelopment O -and O -behaviors O -have O -been O -well O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylcholinesterase O -( O -AChE O -) O -is O -a O -regulatory O -enzyme O -which O -is O -involved O -in O -anxiety O -- O -like O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -investigated O -behavioral O -phenotypes O -and O -AChE O -activity O -in O -male O -mice O -following O -BPA B-Chemical -exposure O -during O -puberty O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -postnatal O -day O -( O -PND O -) O -35 O -, O -male O -mice O -were O -exposed O -to O -50mg O -BPA B-Chemical -/ O -kg O -diet O -per O -day O -for O -a O -period O -of O -35 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -PND71 O -, O -a O -behavioral O -assay O -was O -performed O -using O -the O -elevated O -plus O -maze O -( O -EPM O -) O -and O -the O -light O -/ O -dark O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -AChE O -activity O -was O -measured O -in O -the O -prefrontal O -cortex O -, O -hypothalamus O -, O -cerebellum O -and O -hippocampus O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -from O -our O -behavioral O -phenotyping O -indicated O -that O -anxiety O -- O -like O -behavior O -was O -increased O -in O -mice O -exposed O -to O -BPA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -AChE O -activity O -was O -significantly O -decreased O -in O -the O -hippocampus O -of O -mice O -with O -BPA B-Chemical -compared O -to O -control O -mice O -, O -whereas O -no O -difference O -was O -found O -in O -the O -prefrontal O -cortex O -, O -hypothalamus O -and O -cerebellum O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -findings O -showed O -that O -pubertal O -BPA B-Chemical -exposure O -increased O -anxiety O -- O -like O -behavior O -, O -which O -may O -be O -associated O -with O -decreased O -AChE O -activity O -of O -the O -hippocampus O -in O -adult O -male O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -studies O -are O -necessary O -to O -investigate O -the O -cholinergic O -signaling O -of O -the O -hippocampus O -in O -PBE O -induced O -anxiety O -- O -like O -behaviors O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -effects O -of O -Solidago O -virgaurea O -extract O -on O -experimental O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiovascular O -diseases O -( O -CVDs O -) O -are O -the O -major O -health O -problem O -of O -advanced O -as O -well O -as O -developing O -countries O -of O -the O -world O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -the O -present O -study O -was O -to O -investigate O -the O -protective O -effect O -of O -the O -Solidago O -virgaurea O -extract O -on O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subcutaneous O -injection O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -into O -rats O -twice O -at O -an O -interval O -of O -24 O -h O -, O -for O -two O -consecutive O -days O -, O -led O -to O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -serum O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphokinase O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -transaminase O -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -transaminase O -, O -and O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- O -converting O -enzyme O -activities O -, O -total O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -triglycerides B-Chemical -, O -free O -serum O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -cardiac O -tissue O -malondialdehyde B-Chemical -( O -MDA B-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -levels O -and O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -levels O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -and O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -in O -cardiac O -tissue O -as O -compared O -to O -the O -normal O -control O -group O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -S O -. O -virgaurea O -extract O -for O -5 O -weeks O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -250 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -followed O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -injection O -significantly O -prevented O -the O -observed O -alterations O -. O - -aps B-category -Captopril B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -, O -given O -orally O -) O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- O -converting O -enzyme O -used O -as O -a O -standard O -cardioprotective O -drug O -, O -was O -used O -as O -a O -positive O -control O -in O -this O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -of O -the O -present O -study O -suggest O -that O -S O -. O -virgaurea O -extract O -exerts O -its O -protective O -effect O -by O -decreasing O -MDA B-Chemical -level O -and O -increasing O -the O -antioxidant O -status O -in O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -emphasizes O -the O -beneficial O -action O -of O -S O -. O -virgaurea O -extract O -as O -a O -cardioprotective O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -" O -Real O -- O -world O -" O -data O -on O -the O -efficacy O -and O -safety O -of O -lenalidomide B-Chemical -and O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -relapsed O -/ O -refractory O -multiple O -myeloma O -who O -were O -treated O -according O -to O -the O -standard O -clinical O -practice O -: O -a O -study O -of O -the O -Greek O -Myeloma O -Study O -Group O -. O - -aps B-category -Lenalidomide B-Chemical -and O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -( O -RD B-Chemical -) O -is O -a O -standard O -of O -care O -for O -relapsed O -/ O -refractory O -multiple O -myeloma O -( O -RRMM O -) O -, O -but O -there O -is O -limited O -published O -data O -on O -its O -efficacy O -and O -safety O -in O -the O -" O -real O -world O -" O -( O -RW O -) O -, O -according O -to O -the O -International O -Society O -of O -Pharmacoeconomics O -and O -Outcomes O -Research O -definition O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -212 O -RRMM O -patients O -who O -received O -RD B-Chemical -in O -RW O -. O - -aps B-category -Objective O -response O -( O -> O -PR O -( O -partial O -response O -) O -) O -rate O -was O -77 O -. O -4 O -% O -( O -complete O -response O -( O -CR O -) O -, O -20 O -. O -2 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Median O -time O -to O -first O -and O -best O -response O -was O -2 O -and O -5 O -months O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Median O -time O -to O -CR O -when O -RD B-Chemical -was O -given O -as O -2nd O -or O -> O -2 O -( O -nd O -) O -- O -line O -treatment O -at O -4 O -and O -11 O -months O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Quality O -of O -response O -was O -independent O -of O -previous O -lines O -of O -therapies O -or O -previous O -exposure O -to O -thalidomide B-Chemical -or O -bortezomib B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Median O -duration O -of O -response O -was O -34 O -. O -4 O -months O -, O -and O -it O -was O -higher O -in O -patients O -who O -received O -RD B-Chemical -until O -progression O -( O -not O -reached O -versus O -19 O -months O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Improvement O -of O -humoral O -immunity O -occurred O -in O -60 O -% O -of O -responders O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -and O -in O -the O -majority O -of O -patients O -who O -achieved O -stable O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -events O -were O -reported O -in O -68 O -. O -9 O -% O -of O -patients O -( O -myelosuppression O -in O -49 O -. O -4 O -% O -) O -and O -12 O -. O -7 O -% O -of O -patients O -needed O -hospitalization O -. O - -aps B-category -Peripheral O -neuropathy O -was O -observed O -only O -in O -2 O -. O -5 O -% O -of O -patients O -and O -deep O -vein O -thrombosis O -in O -5 O -. O -7 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Dose O -reductions O -were O -needed O -in O -31 O -% O -of O -patients O -and O -permanent O -discontinuation O -in O -38 O -. O -9 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Median O -time O -to O -treatment O -discontinuation O -was O -16 O -. O -8 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Performance O -status O -( O -PS O -) O -and O -initial O -lenalidomide B-Chemical -dose O -predicted O -for O -treatment O -discontinuation O -. O - -aps B-category -Extra O -- O -medullary O -relapses O -occurred O -in O -3 O -. O -8 O -% O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -study O -confirms O -that O -RD B-Chemical -is O -effective O -and O -safe O -in O -RRMM O -in O -the O -RW O -; O -it O -produces O -durable O -responses O -especially O -in O -patients O -who O -continue O -on O -treatment O -till O -progression O -and O -improves O -humoral O -immunity O -even O -in O -patients O -with O -stable O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cytogenetic O -action O -of O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -, O -mesna B-Chemical -, O -and O -their O -combination O -on O -peripheral O -rabbit O -lymphocytes O -: O -an O -in O -vivo O -/ O -in O -vitro O -cytogenetic O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Ifosfamide B-Chemical -( O -IFO B-Chemical -) O -is O -an O -alkylating O -nitrogen B-Chemical -mustard O -, O -administrated O -as O -an O -antineoplasmic O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -characterized O -by O -its O -intense O -urotoxic O -action O -, O -leading O -to O -hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -side O -effect O -of O -IFO B-Chemical -raises O -the O -requirement O -for O -the O -co O -- O -administration O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfanylethanesulfonate I-Chemical -( O -Mesna B-Chemical -) O -aiming O -to O -avoid O -or O -minimize O -this O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -IFO B-Chemical -and O -Mesna B-Chemical -were O -administrated O -separately O -on O -rabbit O -' O -s O -lymphocytes O -in O -vivo O -, O -which O -were O -later O -developed O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Cytogenetic O -markers O -for O -sister O -chromatid O -exchanges O -( O -SCEs O -) O -, O -proliferation O -rate O -index O -( O -PRI O -) O -and O -Mitotic O -Index O -were O -recorded O -. O - -aps B-category -Mesna B-Chemical -' O -s O -action O -, O -in O -conjunction O -with O -IFO B-Chemical -reduces O -the O -frequency O -of O -SCEs O -, O -in O -comparison O -with O -the O -SCEs O -recordings O -obtained O -when O -IFO B-Chemical -is O -administered O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -this O -, O -when O -high O -concentrations O -of O -Mesna B-Chemical -were O -administered O -alone O -significant O -reductions O -of O -the O -PRI O -were O -noted O -, O -than O -with O -IFO B-Chemical -acting O -at O -the O -same O -concentration O -on O -the O -lymphocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Mesna B-Chemical -significantly O -reduces O -IFO B-Chemical -' O -s O -genotoxicity O -, O -while O -when O -administered O -in O -high O -concentrations O -it O -acts O -in O -an O -inhibitory O -fashion O -on O -the O -cytostatic O -action O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Risk O -factors O -and O -predictors O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesia O -among O -multiethnic O -Malaysians O -with O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -pulsatile O -levodopa B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -( O -PD O -) O -leads O -to O -the O -development O -of O -motor O -fluctuations O -and O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -the O -prevalence O -and O -predictors O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesia O -among O -multiethnic O -Malaysian O -patients O -with O -PD O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -This O -is O -a O -cross O -- O -sectional O -study O -involving O -95 O -patients O -with O -PD O -on O -uninterrupted O -levodopa B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -at O -least O -6 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -instrument O -used O -was O -the O -UPDRS O -questionnaires O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -predictors O -of O -dyskinesia O -were O -determined O -using O -multivariate O -logistic O -regression O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -mean O -age O -was O -65 O -. O -6 O -+ O -8 O -. O -5 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -onset O -age O -was O -58 O -. O -5 O -+ O -9 O -. O -8 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -median O -disease O -duration O -was O -6 O -( O -7 O -) O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Dyskinesia O -was O -present O -in O -44 O -% O -( O -n O -= O -42 O -) O -with O -median O -levodopa B-Chemical -therapy O -of O -3 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -64 O -. O -3 O -% O -Chinese O -, O -31 O -% O -Malays O -, O -and O -3 O -. O -7 O -% O -Indians O -and O -other O -ethnic O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Eighty O -- O -one O -percent O -of O -patients O -with O -dyskinesia O -had O -clinical O -fluctuations O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -dyskinesia O -had O -lower O -onset O -age O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -longer O -duration O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -therapy O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -longer O -disease O -duration O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -higher O -total O -daily O -levodopa B-Chemical -dose O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -and O -higher O -total O -UPDRS O -scores O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -than O -patients O -without O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -three O -significant O -predictors O -of O -dyskinesia O -were O -duration O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -onset O -age O -, O -and O -total O -daily O -levodopa B-Chemical -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -prevalence O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesia O -in O -our O -patients O -was O -44 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -significant O -predictors O -were O -duration O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -total O -daily O -levodopa B-Chemical -dose O -, O -and O -onset O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -Dose O -- O -dependent O -neurotoxicity O -of O -high O -- O -dose O -busulfan B-Chemical -in O -children O -: O -a O -clinical O -and O -pharmacological O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Busulfan B-Chemical -is O -known O -to O -be O -neurotoxic O -in O -animals O -and O -humans O -, O -but O -its O -acute O -neurotoxicity O -remains O -poorly O -characterized O -in O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -here O -a O -retrospective O -study O -of O -123 O -children O -( O -median O -age O -, O -6 O -. O -5 O -years O -) O -receiving O -high O -- O -dose O -busulfan B-Chemical -in O -combined O -chemotherapy O -before O -bone O -marrow O -transplantation O -for O -malignant O -solid O -tumors O -, O -brain O -tumors O -excluded O -. O - -aps B-category -Busulfan B-Chemical -was O -given O -p O -. O -o O -. O -, O -every O -6 O -hours O -for O -16 O -doses O -over O -4 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -total O -doses O -were O -consecutively O -used O -: O -16 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -then O -600 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -calculation O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -body O -surface O -area O -results O -in O -higher O -doses O -in O -young O -children O -than O -in O -older O -patients O -( O -16 O -to O -28 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Ninety O -- O -six O -patients O -were O -not O -given O -anticonvulsive O -prophylaxis O -; O -7 O -( O -7 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -developed O -seizures O -during O -the O -4 O -days O -of O -the O -busulfan B-Chemical -course O -or O -within O -24 O -h O -after O -the O -last O -dosing O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -total O -busulfan B-Chemical -dose O -was O -taken O -into O -account O -, O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -difference O -in O -terms O -of O -neurotoxicity O -incidence O -among O -patients O -under O -16 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -( O -1 O -of O -57 O -, O -1 O -. O -7 O -% O -) O -and O -patients O -under O -600 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -( O -6 O -of O -39 O -, O -15 O -. O -4 O -% O -) O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -seven O -patients O -were O -given O -a O -600 O -- O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -busulfan B-Chemical -total O -dose O -with O -continuous O -i O -. O -v O -. O -infusion O -of O -clonazepam B-Chemical -; O -none O -had O -any O -neurological O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Busulfan B-Chemical -levels O -were O -measured O -by O -a O -gas O -chromatographic O -- O -mass O -spectrometry O -assay O -in O -the O -plasma O -and O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -of O -9 O -children O -without O -central O -nervous O -system O -disease O -under O -600 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -busulfan B-Chemical -with O -clonazepam B-Chemical -: O -busulfan B-Chemical -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -: O -plasma O -ratio O -was O -1 O -. O -39 O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -significantly O -different O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -from O -the O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -: O -plasma O -ratio O -previously O -defined O -in O -children O -receiving O -a O -16 O -- O -mg O -/ O -kg O -total O -dose O -of O -busulfan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -shows O -that O -busulfan B-Chemical -neurotoxicity O -is O -dose O -- O -dependent O -in O -children O -and O -efficiently O -prevented O -by O -clonazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -busulfan B-Chemical -dose O -calculated O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -body O -surface O -area O -, O -resulting O -in O -higher O -doses O -in O -young O -children O -, O -was O -followed O -by O -increased O -neurotoxicity O -, O -close O -to O -neurotoxicity O -incidence O -observed O -in O -adults O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -plasma O -pharmacokinetic O -studies O -showed O -a O -faster O -busulfan B-Chemical -clearance O -in O -children O -than O -in O -adults O -, O -this O -new O -dose O -may O -approximate O -more O -closely O -the O -adult O -systemic O -exposure O -obtained O -after O -the O -usual O -16 O -- O -mg O -/ O -kg O -total O -dose O -, O -with O -potential O -inferences O -in O -terms O -of O -anticancer O -or O -myeloablative O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -busulfan B-Chemical -dose O -in O -children O -and O -infants O -undergoing O -bone O -marrow O -transplantation O -should O -be O -reconsidered O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -pharmacokinetic O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -unexpected O -diagnosis O -in O -a O -renal O -- O -transplant O -patient O -with O -proteinuria O -treated O -with O -everolimus B-Chemical -: O -AL O -amyloidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Proteinuria O -is O -an O -expected O -complication O -in O -transplant O -patients O -treated O -with O -mammalian O -target O -of O -rapamycin B-Chemical -inhibitors O -( O -mTOR O -- O -i O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -clinical O -suspicion O -should O -always O -be O -supported O -by O -histological O -evidence O -in O -order O -to O -investigate O -potential O -alternate O -diagnoses O -such O -as O -acute O -or O -chronic O -rejection O -, O -interstitial O -fibrosis O -and O -tubular O -atrophy O -, O -or O -recurrent O -or O -de O -novo O -glomerulopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -case O -we O -report O -the O -unexpected O -diagnosis O -of O -amyloidosis O -in O -a O -renal O -- O -transplant O -patient O -with O -pre O -- O -transplant O -monoclonal O -gammapathy O -of O -undetermined O -significance O -who O -developed O -proteinuria O -after O -conversion O -from O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -to O -everolimus B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -oral O -galactose B-Chemical -treatment O -prevents O -cognitive O -deficits O -in O -male O -Wistar O -rats O -treated O -intracerebroventricularly O -with O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Basic O -and O -clinical O -research O -has O -demonstrated O -that O -dementia O -of O -sporadic O -Alzheimer O -' O -s O -disease O -( O -sAD O -) O -type O -is O -associated O -with O -dysfunction O -of O -the O -insulin O -- O -receptor O -( O -IR O -) O -system O -followed O -by O -decreased O -glucose B-Chemical -transport O -via O -glucose B-Chemical -transporter O -GLUT4 O -and O -decreased O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -brain O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -alternative O -source O -of O -energy O -is O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -( O -the O -C O -- O -4 O -- O -epimer O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -) O -which O -is O -transported O -into O -the O -brain O -by O -insulin O -- O -independent O -GLUT3 O -transporter O -where O -it O -might O -be O -metabolized O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -via O -the O -Leloir O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -Exclusively O -parenteral O -daily O -injections O -of O -galactose B-Chemical -induce O -memory O -deterioration O -in O -rodents O -and O -are O -used O -to O -generate O -animal O -aging O -model O -, O -but O -the O -effects O -of O -oral O -galactose B-Chemical -treatment O -on O -cognitive O -functions O -have O -never O -been O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -investigated O -the O -effects O -of O -continuous O -daily O -oral O -galactose B-Chemical -( O -200 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -) O -treatment O -on O -cognitive O -deficits O -in O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -( O -STZ B-Chemical -- O -icv O -) O -rat O -model O -of O -sAD O -, O -tested O -by O -Morris O -Water O -Maze O -and O -Passive O -Avoidance O -test O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -month O -of O -oral O -galactose B-Chemical -treatment O -initiated O -immediately O -after O -the O -STZ B-Chemical -- O -icv O -administration O -, O -successfully O -prevented O -development O -of O -the O -STZ B-Chemical -- O -icv O -- O -induced O -cognitive O -deficits O -. O - -aps B-category -Beneficial O -effect O -of O -oral O -galactose B-Chemical -was O -independent O -of O -the O -rat O -age O -and O -of O -the O -galactose B-Chemical -dose O -ranging O -from O -100 O -to O -300 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -Additionally O -, O -oral O -galactose B-Chemical -administration O -led O -to O -the O -appearance O -of O -galactose B-Chemical -in O -the O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -of O -galactose B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -was O -several O -times O -lower O -after O -oral O -than O -after O -parenteral O -administration O -of O -the O -same O -galactose B-Chemical -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -galactose B-Chemical -exposure O -might O -have O -beneficial O -effects O -on O -learning O -and O -memory O -ability O -and O -could O -be O -worth O -investigating O -for O -improvement O -of O -cognitive O -deficits O -associated O -with O -glucose O -hypometabolism O -in O -AD O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -investigation O -of O -the O -pattern O -of O -kidney O -injury O -in O -HIV O -- O -positive O -persons O -exposed O -to O -tenofovir B-Chemical -disoproxil I-Chemical -fumarate I-Chemical -: O -an O -examination O -of O -a O -large O -population O -database O -( O -MHRA O -database O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potential O -for O -tenofovir B-Chemical -to O -cause O -a O -range O -of O -kidney O -syndromes O -has O -been O -established O -from O -mechanistic O -and O -randomised O -clinical O -trials O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -exact O -pattern O -of O -kidney O -involvement O -is O -still O -uncertain O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -undertook O -a O -descriptive O -analysis O -of O -Yellow O -Card O -records O -of O -407 O -HIV O -- O -positive O -persons O -taking O -tenofovir B-Chemical -disoproxil I-Chemical -fumarate I-Chemical -( O -TDF B-Chemical -) O -as O -part O -of O -their O -antiretroviral O -therapy O -regimen O -and O -submitted O -to O -the O -Medicines O -and O -Healthcare O -Products O -Regulatory O -Agency O -( O -MHRA O -) O -with O -suspected O -kidney O -adverse O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Reports O -that O -satisfy O -defined O -criteria O -were O -classified O -as O -acute O -kidney O -injury O -, O -kidney O -tubular O -dysfunction O -and O -Fanconi O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -407 O -Yellow O -Card O -records O -analysed O -, O -106 O -satisfied O -criteria O -for O -TDF B-Chemical -- O -related O -kidney O -disease O -, O -of O -which O -53 O -( O -50 O -% O -) O -had O -features O -of O -kidney O -tubular O -dysfunction O -, O -35 O -( O -33 O -% O -) O -were O -found O -to O -have O -features O -of O -glomerular O -dysfunction O -and O -18 O -( O -17 O -% O -) O -had O -Fanconi O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -median O -TDF B-Chemical -exposure O -was O -316 O -days O -( O -interquartile O -range O -120 O -- O -740 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -hospitalisation O -for O -TDF B-Chemical -kidney O -adverse O -effects O -was O -high O -, O -particularly O -amongst O -patients O -with O -features O -of O -Fanconi O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pattern O -of O -kidney O -syndromes O -in O -this O -population O -series O -mirrors O -that O -reported O -in O -randomised O -clinical O -trials O -. O - -aps B-category -Cessation O -of O -TDF B-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -complete O -restoration O -of O -kidney O -function O -in O -up O -half O -of O -the O -patients O -in O -this O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -Incidence O -of O -postoperative O -delirium O -is O -high O -even O -in O -a O -population O -without O -known O -risk O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -Postoperative O -delirium O -is O -a O -recognized O -complication O -in O -populations O -at O -risk O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -is O -to O -assess O -the O -prevalence O -of O -early O -postoperative O -delirium O -in O -a O -population O -without O -known O -risk O -factors O -admitted O -to O -the O -ICU O -for O -postoperative O -monitoring O -after O -elective O -major O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -secondary O -outcome O -investigated O -is O -to O -identify O -eventual O -independent O -risk O -factors O -among O -demographic O -data O -and O -anesthetic O -drugs O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -An O -observational O -, O -prospective O -study O -was O -conducted O -on O -a O -consecutive O -cohort O -of O -patients O -admitted O -to O -our O -ICU O -within O -and O -for O -at O -least O -24 O -h O -after O -major O -surgical O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -Exclusion O -criteria O -were O -any O -preexisting O -predisposing O -factor O -for O -delirium O -or O -other O -potentially O -confounding O -neurological O -dysfunctions O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -assessed O -daily O -using O -the O -confusion O -assessment O -method O -for O -the O -ICU O -scale O -for O -3 O -days O -after O -the O -surgical O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -Early O -postoperative O -delirium O -incidence O -risk O -factors O -were O -then O -assessed O -through O -three O -different O -multiple O -regression O -models O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -According O -to O -the O -confusion O -assessment O -method O -for O -the O -ICU O -scale O -, O -28 O -% O -of O -patients O -were O -diagnosed O -with O -early O -postoperative O -delirium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -thiopentone B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -associated O -with O -an O -eight O -- O -fold O -- O -higher O -risk O -for O -delirium O -compared O -to O -propofol B-Chemical -( O -57 O -. O -1 O -% O -vs O -. O -7 O -. O -1 O -% O -, O -RR O -= O -8 O -. O -0 O -, O -X2 O -= O -4 O -. O -256 O -; O -df O -= O -1 O -; O -0 O -. O -05 O -< O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -In O -this O -study O -early O -postoperative O -delirium O -was O -found O -to O -be O -a O -very O -common O -complication O -after O -major O -surgery O -, O -even O -in O -a O -population O -without O -known O -risk O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -Thiopentone B-Chemical -was O -independently O -associated O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -its O -relative O -risk O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -neurotoxic O -dose O -of O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -induces O -a O -long O -- O -lasting O -depressive O -- O -like O -behaviour O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Methamphetamine B-Chemical -( O -METH B-Chemical -) O -triggers O -a O -disruption O -of O -the O -monoaminergic O -system O -and O -METH B-Chemical -abuse O -leads O -to O -negative O -emotional O -states O -including O -depressive O -symptoms O -during O -drug O -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -it O -is O -currently O -unknown O -if O -the O -acute O -toxic O -dosage O -of O -METH B-Chemical -also O -causes O -a O -long O -- O -lasting O -depressive O -phenotype O -and O -persistent O -monoaminergic O -deficits O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -we O -now O -assessed O -the O -depressive O -- O -like O -behaviour O -in O -mice O -at O -early O -and O -long O -- O -term O -periods O -following O -a O -single O -high O -METH B-Chemical -dose O -( O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -METH B-Chemical -did O -not O -alter O -the O -motor O -function O -and O -procedural O -memory O -of O -mice O -as O -assessed O -by O -swimming O -speed O -and O -escape O -latency O -to O -find O -the O -platform O -in O -a O -cued O -version O -of O -the O -water O -maze O -task O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -METH B-Chemical -significantly O -increased O -the O -immobility O -time O -in O -the O -tail O -suspension O -test O -at O -3 O -and O -49 O -days O -post O -- O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -depressive O -- O -like O -profile O -induced O -by O -METH B-Chemical -was O -accompanied O -by O -a O -marked O -depletion O -of O -frontostriatal O -dopaminergic O -and O -serotonergic O -neurotransmission O -, O -indicated O -by O -a O -reduction O -in O -the O -levels O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -DOPAC B-Chemical -and O -HVA B-Chemical -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -observed O -at O -both O -3 O -and O -49 O -days O -post O -- O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -parallel O -, O -another O -neurochemical O -feature O -of O -depression O -- O -- O -astroglial O -dysfunction O -- O -- O -was O -unaffected O -in O -the O -cortex O -and O -the O -striatal O -levels O -of O -the O -astrocytic O -protein O -marker O -, O -glial O -fibrillary O -acidic O -protein O -, O -were O -only O -transiently O -increased O -at O -3 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -demonstrate O -for O -the O -first O -time O -that O -a O -single O -high O -dose O -of O -METH B-Chemical -induces O -long O -- O -lasting O -depressive O -- O -like O -behaviour O -in O -mice O -associated O -with O -a O -persistent O -disruption O -of O -frontostriatal O -dopaminergic O -and O -serotonergic O -homoeostasis O -. O - -aps B-category -Linezolid B-Chemical -- O -induced O -optic O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Many O -systemic O -antimicrobials O -have O -been O -implicated O -to O -cause O -ocular O -adverse O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -especially O -relevant O -in O -multidrug O -therapy O -where O -more O -than O -one O -drug O -can O -cause O -a O -similar O -ocular O -adverse O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -case O -of O -progressive O -loss O -of O -vision O -associated O -with O -linezolid B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -45 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -male O -patient O -who O -was O -on O -treatment O -with O -multiple O -second O -- O -line O -anti O -- O -tuberculous O -drugs O -including O -linezolid B-Chemical -and O -ethambutol B-Chemical -for O -extensively O -drug O -- O -resistant O -tuberculosis O -( O -XDR O -- O -TB O -) O -presented O -to O -us O -with O -painless O -progressive O -loss O -of O -vision O -in O -both O -eyes O -. O - -aps B-category -Color O -vision O -was O -defective O -and O -fundus O -examination O -revealed O -optic O -disc O -edema O -in O -both O -eyes O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethambutol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -toxic O -optic O -neuropathy O -was O -suspected O -and O -tablet O -ethambutol B-Chemical -was O -withdrawn O -. O - -aps B-category -Deterioration O -of O -vision O -occurred O -despite O -withdrawal O -of O -ethambutol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Discontinuation O -of O -linezolid B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -marked O -improvement O -of O -vision O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -report O -emphasizes O -the O -need O -for O -monitoring O -of O -visual O -function O -in O -patients O -on O -long O -- O -term O -linezolid B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Resuscitation O -with O -lipid O -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -or O -both O -in O -levobupivacaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiac O -toxicity O -in O -newborn O -piglets O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -The O -optimal O -dosing O -regimens O -of O -lipid O -emulsion O -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -or O -both O -are O -not O -yet O -determined O -in O -neonates O -in O -cases O -of O -local O -anaesthetic O -systemic O -toxicity O -( O -LAST O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Newborn O -piglets O -received O -levobupivacaine B-Chemical -until O -cardiovascular O -collapse O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -Standard O -cardiopulmonary O -resuscitation O -was O -started O -and O -electrocardiogram O -( O -ECG O -) O -was O -monitored O -for O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -, O -fibrillation O -, O -or O -QRS O -prolongation O -. O - -aps B-category -Piglets O -were O -then O -randomly O -allocated O -to O -four O -groups O -: O -control O -( O -saline O -) O -, O -Intralipid O -( O -) O -alone O -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -alone O -, O -or O -a O -combination O -of O -Intralipd O -plus O -epinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Resuscitation O -continued O -for O -30 O -min O -or O -until O -there O -was O -a O -return O -of O -spontaneous O -circulation O -( O -ROSC O -) O -accompanied O -by O -a O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -at O -or O -superior O -to O -the O -baseline O -pressure O -and O -normal O -sinus O -rhythm O -for O -a O -period O -of O -30 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -ROSC O -was O -achieved O -in O -only O -one O -of O -the O -control O -piglets O -compared O -with O -most O -of O -the O -treated O -piglets O -. O - -aps B-category -Mortality O -was O -not O -significantly O -different O -between O -the O -three O -treatment O -groups O -, O -but O -was O -significantly O -lower O -in O -all O -the O -treatment O -groups O -compared O -with O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -ECG O -abnormalities O -was O -zero O -in O -the O -Intralipid O -only O -group O -, O -but O -14 O -and O -17 O -, O -respectively O -, O -in O -the O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -plus O -lipid O -groups O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Lipid O -emulsion O -with O -or O -without O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -or O -epinephrine B-Chemical -alone O -were O -equally O -effective O -in O -achieving O -a O -return O -to O -spontaneous O -circulation O -in O -this O -model O -of O -LAST O -. O - -aps B-category -Epinephrine B-Chemical -alone O -or O -in O -combination O -with O -lipid O -was O -associated O -with O -an O -increased O -number O -of O -ECG O -abnormalities O -compared O -with O -lipid O -emulsion O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Incidence O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -type O -II O -and O -postoperative O -recovery O -of O -platelet O -count O -in O -liver O -graft O -recipients O -: O -a O -retrospective O -cohort O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Thrombocytopenia O -in O -patients O -with O -end O -- O -stage O -liver O -disease O -is O -a O -common O -disorder O -caused O -mainly O -by O -portal O -hypertension O -, O -low O -levels O -of O -thrombopoetin O -, O -and O -endotoxemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -impact O -of O -immune O -- O -mediated O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -type O -II O -( O -HIT O -type O -II O -) O -as O -a O -cause O -of O -thrombocytopenia O -after O -liver O -transplantation O -is O -not O -yet O -understood O -, O -with O -few O -literature O -citations O -reporting O -contradictory O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -our O -study O -was O -to O -demonstrate O -the O -perioperative O -course O -of O -thrombocytopenia O -after O -liver O -transplantation O -and O -determine O -the O -occurrence O -of O -clinical O -HIT O -type O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -We O -retrospectively O -evaluated O -the O -medical O -records O -of O -205 O -consecutive O -adult O -patients O -who O -underwent O -full O -- O -size O -liver O -transplantation O -between O -January O -2006 O -and O -December O -2010 O -due O -to O -end O -- O -stage O -or O -malignant O -liver O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Preoperative O -platelet O -count O -, O -postoperative O -course O -of O -platelets O -, O -and O -clinical O -signs O -of O -HIT O -type O -II O -were O -analyzed O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -A O -total O -of O -155 O -( O -75 O -. O -6 O -% O -) O -of O -205 O -patients O -had O -thrombocytopenia O -before O -transplantation O -, O -significantly O -influenced O -by O -Model O -of O -End O -- O -Stage O -Liver O -Disease O -score O -and O -liver O -cirrhosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -platelet O -count O -exceeded O -100 O -, O -000 O -/ O -uL O -in O -most O -of O -the O -patients O -( O -n O -= O -193 O -) O -at O -a O -medium O -of O -7 O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -Regarding O -HIT O -II O -, O -there O -were O -four O -( O -1 O -. O -95 O -% O -) O -patients O -with O -a O -background O -of O -HIT O -type O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -incidence O -of O -HIT O -in O -patients O -with O -end O -- O -stage O -hepatic O -failure O -is O -, O -with O -about O -1 O -. O -95 O -% O -, O -rare O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -further O -reduction O -of O -HIT O -type O -II O -, O -the O -use O -of O -intravenous O -heparin B-Chemical -should O -be O -avoided O -and O -the O -prophylactic O -anticoagulation O -should O -be O -performed O -with O -low O -- O -molecular O -- O -weight O -heparin B-Chemical -after O -normalization O -of O -platelet O -count O -. O - -aps B-category -Takotsubo O -syndrome O -( O -or O -apical O -ballooning O -syndrome O -) O -secondary O -to O -Zolmitriptan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Takotsubo O -syndrome O -( O -TS O -) O -, O -also O -known O -as O -broken O -heart O -syndrome O -, O -is O -characterized O -by O -left O -ventricle O -apical O -ballooning O -with O -elevated O -cardiac O -biomarkers O -and O -electrocardiographic O -changes O -suggestive O -of O -an O -acute O -coronary O -syndrome O -( O -ie O -, O -ST O -- O -segment O -elevation O -, O -T O -wave O -inversions O -, O -and O -pathologic O -Q O -waves O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -54 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -medical O -history O -of O -mitral O -valve O -prolapse O -and O -migraines O -, O -who O -was O -admitted O -to O -the O -hospital O -for O -substernal O -chest O -pain O -and O -electrocardiogram O -demonstrated O -1 O -/ O -2 O -mm O -ST O -- O -segment O -elevation O -in O -leads O -II O -, O -III O -, O -aVF O -, O -V5 O -, O -and O -V6 O -and O -positive O -troponin O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -Emergent O -coronary O -angiogram O -revealed O -normal O -coronary O -arteries O -with O -moderately O -reduced O -left O -ventricular O -ejection O -fraction O -with O -wall O -motion O -abnormalities O -consistent O -with O -TS O -. O - -aps B-category -Detailed O -history O -obtained O -retrospectively O -revealed O -that O -the O -patient O -took O -zolmitriptan B-Chemical -sparingly O -only O -when O -she O -had O -migraines O -. O - -aps B-category -But O -before O -this O -event O -, O -she O -was O -taking O -zolmitriptan B-Chemical -2 O -- O -3 O -times O -daily O -for O -several O -days O -because O -of O -a O -persistent O -migraine O -headache O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -otherwise O -reported O -that O -she O -is O -quite O -active O -, O -rides O -horses O -, O -and O -does O -show O -jumping O -without O -any O -limitations O -in O -her O -physical O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -evidence O -of O -any O -recent O -stress O -or O -status O -migrainosus O -. O - -aps B-category -Extensive O -literature O -search O -revealed O -multiple O -cases O -of O -coronary O -artery O -vasospasm O -secondary O -to O -zolmitriptan B-Chemical -, O -but O -none O -of O -the O -cases O -were O -associated O -with O -TS O -. O - -aps B-category -Depression O -, O -impulsiveness O -, O -sleep O -, O -and O -memory O -in O -past O -and O -present O -polydrug O -users O -of O -3 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylenedioxymethamphetamine I-Chemical -( O -MDMA B-Chemical -, O -ecstasy B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -RATIONALE O -: O -Ecstasy B-Chemical -( O -3 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylenedioxymethamphetamine I-Chemical -, O -MDMA B-Chemical -) O -is O -a O -worldwide O -recreational O -drug O -of O -abuse O -. O - -aps B-category -Unfortunately O -, O -the O -results O -from O -human O -research O -investigating O -its O -psychological O -effects O -have O -been O -inconsistent O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -The O -present O -study O -aimed O -to O -be O -the O -largest O -to O -date O -in O -sample O -size O -and O -5HT O -- O -related O -behaviors O -; O -the O -first O -to O -compare O -present O -ecstasy B-Chemical -users O -with O -past O -users O -after O -an O -abstinence O -of O -4 O -or O -more O -years O -, O -and O -the O -first O -to O -include O -robust O -controls O -for O -other O -recreational O -substances O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -A O -sample O -of O -997 O -participants O -( O -52 O -% O -male O -) O -was O -recruited O -to O -four O -control O -groups O -( O -non O -- O -drug O -( O -ND O -) O -, O -alcohol B-Chemical -/ O -nicotine B-Chemical -( O -AN B-Chemical -) O -, O -cannabis B-Chemical -/ O -alcohol B-Chemical -/ O -nicotine B-Chemical -( O -CAN B-Chemical -) O -, O -non O -- O -ecstasy B-Chemical -polydrug O -( O -PD O -) O -) O -, O -and O -two O -ecstasy B-Chemical -polydrug O -groups O -( O -present O -( O -MDMA B-Chemical -) O -and O -past O -users O -( O -EX O -- O -MDMA B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Participants O -completed O -a O -drug O -history O -questionnaire O -, O -Beck O -Depression O -Inventory O -, O -Barratt O -Impulsiveness O -Scale O -, O -Pittsburgh O -Sleep O -Quality O -Index O -, O -and O -Wechsler O -Memory O -Scale O -- O -Revised O -which O -, O -in O -total O -, O -provided O -13 O -psychometric O -measures O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -While O -the O -CAN B-Chemical -and O -PD O -groups O -tended O -to O -record O -greater O -deficits O -than O -the O -non O -- O -drug O -controls O -, O -the O -MDMA B-Chemical -and O -EX O -- O -MDMA B-Chemical -groups O -recorded O -greater O -deficits O -than O -all O -the O -control O -groups O -on O -ten O -of O -the O -13 O -psychometric O -measures O -. O - -aps B-category -Strikingly O -, O -despite O -prolonged O -abstinence O -( O -mean O -, O -4 O -. O -98 O -; O -range O -, O -4 O -- O -9 O -years O -) O -, O -past O -ecstasy B-Chemical -users O -showed O -few O -signs O -of O -recovery O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -with O -present O -ecstasy B-Chemical -users O -, O -the O -past O -users O -showed O -no O -change O -for O -ten O -measures O -, O -increased O -impairment O -for O -two O -measures O -, O -and O -improvement O -on O -just O -one O -measure O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Given O -this O -record O -of O -impaired O -memory O -and O -clinically O -significant O -levels O -of O -depression O -, O -impulsiveness O -, O -and O -sleep O -disturbance O -, O -the O -prognosis O -for O -the O -current O -generation O -of O -ecstasy B-Chemical -users O -is O -a O -major O -cause O -for O -concern O -. O - -aps B-category -Association O -of O -common O -genetic O -variants O -of O -HOMER1 O -gene O -with O -levodopa B-Chemical -adverse O -effects O -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Levodopa B-Chemical -is O -the O -most O -effective O -symptomatic O -therapy O -for O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -, O -but O -its O -chronic O -use O -could O -lead O -to O -chronic O -adverse O -outcomes O -, O -such O -as O -motor O -fluctuations O -, O -dyskinesia O -and O -visual O -hallucinations O -. O - -aps B-category -HOMER1 O -is O -a O -protein O -with O -pivotal O -function O -in O -glutamate B-Chemical -transmission O -, O -which O -has O -been O -related O -to O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -these O -complications O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -investigates O -whether O -polymorphisms O -in O -the O -HOMER1 O -gene O -promoter O -region O -are O -associated O -with O -the O -occurrence O -of O -the O -chronic O -complications O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -205 O -patients O -with O -idiopathic O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -genotyped O -for O -rs4704559 O -, O -rs10942891 O -and O -rs4704560 O -by O -allelic O -discrimination O -with O -Taqman O -assays O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rs4704559 O -G O -allele O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -lower O -prevalence O -of O -dyskinesia O -( O -prevalence O -ratio O -( O -PR O -) O -= O -0 O -. O -615 O -, O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -( O -CI O -) O -0 O -. O -426 O -- O -0 O -. O -887 O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -009 O -) O -and O -visual O -hallucinations O -( O -PR O -= O -0 O -. O -515 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -0 O -. O -295 O -- O -0 O -. O -899 O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -020 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -data O -suggest O -that O -HOMER1 O -rs4704559 O -G O -allele O -has O -a O -protective O -role O -for O -the O -development O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -adverse O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Crocin B-Chemical -improves O -lipid O -dysregulation O -in O -subacute O -diazinon B-Chemical -exposure O -through O -ERK1 O -/ O -2 O -pathway O -in O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -INTRODUCTION O -: O -Diazinon B-Chemical -Yis O -one O -of O -the O -most O -broadly O -used O -organophosphorus B-Chemical -insecticides O -in O -agriculture O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -shown O -that O -exposure O -to O -diazinon B-Chemical -may O -interfere O -with O -lipid O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -the O -hypolipidemic O -effect O -of O -crocin B-Chemical -has O -been O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -Earlier O -studies O -revealed O -the O -major O -role O -of O -Extracellular O -signal O -- O -regulated O -kinase O -( O -ERK O -) O -pathways O -in O -low O -- O -density O -lipoprotein O -receptor O -( O -LDLr O -) O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -evaluate O -changes O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -lipid O -metabolism O -, O -ERK O -and O -LDLr O -expression O -in O -the O -liver O -of O -rats O -exposed O -to O -subacute O -diazinon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -ameliorating O -effect O -of O -crocin B-Chemical -on O -diazinon B-Chemical -induced O -disturbed O -cholesterol B-Chemical -homeostasis O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -24 O -Rats O -were O -divided O -into O -4 O -groups O -and O -received O -following O -treatments O -for O -4 O -weeks O -; O -Corn O -oil O -( O -control O -) O -, O -diazinon B-Chemical -( O -15mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -day O -, O -orally O -) O -and O -crocin B-Chemical -( O -12 O -. O -5 O -and O -25mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -day O -, O -intraperitoneally O -) O -in O -combination O -with O -diazinon B-Chemical -( O -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -levels O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -triglyceride B-Chemical -and O -LDL O -in O -blood O -of O -rats O -were O -analyzed O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -mRNA O -levels O -of O -LDLr O -and O -ERK1 O -/ O -2 O -as O -well O -as O -protein O -levels O -of O -total O -and O -activated O -forms O -of O -ERK1 O -/ O -2 O -in O -rat O -liver O -were O -evaluated O -by O -Western O -blotting O -and O -quantitative O -real O -time O -polymerase O -chain O -reaction O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Our O -data O -showed O -that O -subacute O -exposure O -to O -diazinon B-Chemical -significantly O -increased O -concentrations O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -triglyceride B-Chemical -and O -LDL O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -diazinon B-Chemical -decreased O -ERK1 O -/ O -2 O -protein O -phosphorylation O -and O -LDLr O -transcript O -. O - -aps B-category -Crocin B-Chemical -reduced O -inhibition O -of O -ERK O -activation O -and O -diazinon B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperlipemia O -and O -increased O -levels O -of O -LDLr O -transcript O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Crocin B-Chemical -may O -be O -considered O -as O -a O -novel O -protective O -agent O -in O -diazinon B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperlipemia O -through O -modulating O -of O -ERK O -pathway O -and O -increase O -of O -LDLr O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -GEM B-Chemical -- O -P O -chemotherapy O -is O -active O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -relapsed O -Hodgkin O -lymphoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Hodgkin O -lymphoma O -( O -HL O -) O -is O -a O -relatively O -chemosensitive O -malignancy O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -for O -those O -who O -relapse O -, O -high O -- O -dose O -chemotherapy O -with O -autologous O -stem O -cell O -transplant O -is O -the O -treatment O -of O -choice O -which O -relies O -on O -adequate O -disease O -control O -with O -salvage O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Regimens O -commonly O -used O -often O -require O -inpatient O -administration O -and O -can O -be O -difficult O -to O -deliver O -due O -to O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Gemcitabine B-Chemical -and O -cisplatin B-Chemical -have O -activity O -in O -HL O -, O -non O -- O -overlapping O -toxicity O -with O -first O -- O -line O -chemotherapeutics O -, O -and O -may O -be O -delivered O -in O -an O -outpatient O -setting O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -retrospective O -single O -- O -centre O -analysis O -, O -patients O -with O -relapsed O -or O -refractory O -HL O -treated O -with O -gemcitabine B-Chemical -1 O -, O -000 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -day O -( O -D O -) O -1 O -, O -D8 O -and O -D15 O -; O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -1 O -, O -000 O -mg O -D1 O -- O -5 O -; O -and O -cisplatin B-Chemical -100 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -D15 O -, O -every O -28 O -days O -( O -GEM B-Chemical -- O -P O -) O -were O -included O -. O - -aps B-category -Demographic O -, O -survival O -, O -response O -and O -toxicity O -data O -were O -recorded O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -- O -one O -eligible O -patients O -were O -identified O -: O -median O -age O -27 O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -hundred O -and O -twenty O -- O -two O -cycles O -of O -GEM B-Chemical -- O -P O -were O -administered O -in O -total O -( O -median O -3 O -cycles O -; O -range O -1 O -- O -6 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -of O -41 O -( O -48 O -% O -) O -patients O -received O -GEM B-Chemical -- O -P O -as O -second O -- O -line O -treatment O -and O -11 O -/ O -41 O -( O -27 O -% O -) O -as O -third O -- O -line O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Overall O -response O -rate O -( O -ORR O -) O -to O -GEM B-Chemical -- O -P O -in O -the O -entire O -cohort O -was O -80 O -% O -( O -complete O -response O -( O -CR O -) O -37 O -% O -, O -partial O -response O -44 O -% O -) O -with O -14 O -/ O -15 O -CR O -confirmed O -as O -a O -metabolic O -CR O -on O -PET O -and O -ORR O -of O -85 O -% O -in O -the O -20 O -second O -- O -line O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -common O -grade O -3 O -/ O -4 O -toxicities O -were O -haematological O -: O -neutropenia O -54 O -% O -and O -thrombocytopenia O -51 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Median O -follow O -- O -up O -from O -the O -start O -of O -GEM B-Chemical -- O -P O -was O -4 O -. O -5 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -GEM B-Chemical -- O -P O -, O -5 O -- O -year O -progression O -- O -free O -survival O -was O -46 O -% O -( O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -( O -CI O -) O -, O -30 O -- O -62 O -% O -) O -and O -5 O -- O -year O -overall O -survival O -was O -59 O -% O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -43 O -- O -74 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Fourteen O -of O -41 O -patients O -proceeded O -directly O -to O -autologous O -transplant O -. O - -aps B-category -GEM B-Chemical -- O -P O -is O -a O -salvage O -chemotherapy O -with O -relatively O -high O -response O -rates O -, O -leading O -to O -successful O -transplantation O -in O -appropriate O -patients O -, O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -relapsed O -or O -refractory O -HL O -. O - -aps B-category -Basal O -functioning O -of O -the O -hypothalamic O -- O -pituitary O -- O -adrenal O -( O -HPA O -) O -axis O -and O -psychological O -distress O -in O -recreational O -ecstasy B-Chemical -polydrug O -users O -. O - -aps B-category -RATIONALE O -: O -Ecstasy B-Chemical -( O -MDMA B-Chemical -) O -is O -a O -psychostimulant O -drug O -which O -is O -increasingly O -associated O -with O -psychobiological O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -some O -recent O -studies O -suggest O -acute O -changes O -in O -neuroendocrine O -function O -, O -less O -is O -known O -about O -long O -- O -term O -changes O -in O -HPA O -functionality O -in O -recreational O -users O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -The O -current O -study O -is O -the O -first O -to O -explore O -the O -effects O -of O -ecstasy B-Chemical -- O -polydrug O -use O -on O -psychological O -distress O -and O -basal O -functioning O -of O -the O -HPA O -axis O -through O -assessing O -the O -secretion O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -across O -the O -diurnal O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -Seventy O -- O -six O -participants O -( O -21 O -nonusers O -, O -29 O -light O -ecstasy B-Chemical -- O -polydrug O -users O -, O -26 O -heavy O -ecstasy B-Chemical -- O -polydrug O -users O -) O -completed O -a O -substance O -use O -inventory O -and O -measures O -of O -psychological O -distress O -at O -baseline O -, O -then O -two O -consecutive O -days O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -sampling O -( O -on O -awakening O -, O -30 O -min O -post O -awakening O -, O -between O -1400 O -and O -1600 O -hours O -and O -pre O -bedtime O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -day O -2 O -, O -participants O -also O -attended O -the O -laboratory O -to O -complete O -a O -20 O -- O -min O -multitasking O -stressor O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Both O -user O -groups O -exhibited O -significantly O -greater O -levels O -of O -anxiety O -and O -depression O -than O -nonusers O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -day O -1 O -, O -all O -participants O -exhibited O -a O -typical O -cortisol B-Chemical -profile O -, O -though O -light O -users O -had O -significantly O -elevated O -levels O -pre O -- O -bed O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -day O -2 O -, O -heavy O -users O -demonstrated O -elevated O -levels O -upon O -awakening O -and O -all O -ecstasy B-Chemical -- O -polydrug O -users O -demonstrated O -elevated O -pre O -- O -bed O -levels O -compared O -to O -non O -- O -users O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -between O -group O -differences O -were O -also O -observed O -in O -afternoon O -cortisol B-Chemical -levels O -and O -in O -overall O -cortisol B-Chemical -secretion O -across O -the O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -increases O -in O -anxiety O -and O -depression O -are O -in O -line O -with O -previous O -observations O -in O -recreational O -ecstasy B-Chemical -- O -polydrug O -users O -. O - -aps B-category -Dysregulated O -diurnal O -cortisol B-Chemical -may O -be O -indicative O -of O -inappropriate O -anticipation O -of O -forthcoming O -demands O -and O -hypersecretion O -may O -lead O -to O -the O -increased O -psychological O -and O -physical O -morbidity O -associated O -with O -heavy O -recreational O -use O -of O -ecstasy B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ifosfamide B-Chemical -related O -encephalopathy O -: O -the O -need O -for O -a O -timely O -EEG O -evaluation O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Ifosfamide B-Chemical -is O -an O -alkylating O -agent O -useful O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -cancers O -including O -sarcomas O -, O -lymphoma O -, O -gynecologic O -and O -testicular O -cancers O -. O - -aps B-category -Encephalopathy O -has O -been O -reported O -in O -10 O -- O -40 O -% O -of O -patients O -receiving O -high O -- O -dose O -IV O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -highlight O -the O -role O -of O -electroencephalogram O -( O -EEG O -) O -in O -the O -early O -detection O -and O -management O -of O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -related O -encephalopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Retrospective O -chart O -review O -including O -clinical O -data O -and O -EEG O -recordings O -was O -done O -on O -five O -patients O -, O -admitted O -to O -MD O -Anderson O -Cancer O -Center O -between O -years O -2009 O -and O -2012 O -, O -who O -developed O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -related O -acute O -encephalopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -All O -five O -patients O -experienced O -symptoms O -of O -encephalopathy O -soon O -after O -( O -within O -12 O -h O -- O -2 O -days O -) O -receiving O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -developed O -generalized O -convulsions O -while O -one O -patient O -developed O -continuous O -non O -- O -convulsive O -status O -epilepticus O -( O -NCSE O -) O -that O -required O -ICU O -admission O -and O -intubation O -. O - -aps B-category -Initial O -EEG O -showed O -epileptiform O -discharges O -in O -three O -patients O -; O -run O -of O -triphasic O -waves O -in O -one O -patient O -and O -moderate O -degree O -diffuse O -generalized O -slowing O -. O - -aps B-category -Mixed O -pattern O -with O -the O -presence O -of O -both O -sharps O -and O -triphasic O -waves O -were O -also O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -Repeat O -EEGs O -within O -24 O -_ O -h O -of O -symptom O -onset O -showed O -marked O -improvement O -that O -was O -correlated O -with O -clinical O -improvement O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Severity O -of O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -related O -encephalopathy O -correlates O -with O -EEG O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -a O -timely O -EEG O -evaluation O -for O -patients O -receiving O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -who O -develop O -features O -of O -encephalopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Incidence O -of O -contrast B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephropathy O -in O -hospitalised O -patients O -with O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -To O -determine O -the O -frequency O -of O -and O -possible O -factors O -related O -to O -contrast B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephropathy O -( O -CIN O -) O -in O -hospitalised O -patients O -with O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Ninety O -adult O -patients O -were O -enrolled O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -risk O -factors O -for O -acute O -renal O -failure O -were O -excluded O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -samples O -were O -examined O -the O -day O -before O -contrast B-Chemical -- O -enhanced O -computed O -tomography O -( O -CT O -) O -and O -serially O -for O -3 O -days O -thereafter O -. O - -aps B-category -CIN O -was O -defined O -as O -an O -increase O -in O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -( O -Cr B-Chemical -) O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -dl O -or O -more O -, O -or O -elevation O -of O -Cr B-Chemical -to O -25 O -% O -over O -baseline O -. O - -aps B-category -Relationships O -between O -CIN O -and O -possible O -risk O -factors O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -CIN O -was O -detected O -in O -18 O -/ O -90 O -( O -20 O -% O -) O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -CIN O -developed O -in O -25 O -. O -5 O -% O -patients O -who O -underwent O -chemotherapy O -and O -in O -11 O -% O -patients O -who O -did O -not O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CIN O -more O -frequently O -developed O -in O -patients O -who O -had O -undergone O -CT O -within O -45 O -days O -after O -the O -last O -chemotherapy O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -; O -it O -was O -also O -an O -independent O -risk O -factor O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -017 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CIN O -was O -significantly O -more O -after O -treatment O -with O -bevacizumab B-Chemical -/ O -irinotecan B-Chemical -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -021 O -) O -and O -in O -patients O -with O -hypertension O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -044 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -incidence O -of O -CIN O -after O -CT O -in O -hospitalised O -oncological O -patients O -was O -20 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -CIN O -developed O -4 O -. O -5 O -- O -times O -more O -frequently O -in O -patients O -with O -cancer O -who O -had O -undergone O -recent O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypertension O -and O -the O -combination O -of O -bevacizumab B-Chemical -/ O -irinotecan B-Chemical -may O -be O -additional O -risk O -factors O -for O -CIN O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -KEY O -POINTS O -: O -. O - -aps B-category -Contrast B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephropathy O -( O -CIN O -) O -is O -a O -concern O -for O -oncological O -patients O -undergoing O -CT O -. O - -aps B-category -. O -CIN O -occurs O -more O -often O -when O -CT O -is O -performed O -< O -45 O -days O -after O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -. O -Hypertension O -and O -treatment O -with O -bevacizumab B-Chemical -appear O -to O -be O -additional O -risk O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -Syndrome O -of O -inappropriate O -antidiuretic O -hormone O -secretion O -associated O -with O -desvenlafaxine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -report O -a O -case O -of O -syndrome O -of O -inappropriate O -anti O -- O -diuretic O -hormone O -( O -SIADH O -) O -secretion O -associated O -with O -desvenlafaxine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -SUMMARY O -: O -A O -57 O -- O -year O -old O -female O -with O -hyponatraemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Her O -medications O -included O -desvenlafaxine B-Chemical -, O -and O -symptoms O -included O -nausea O -, O -anxiety O -and O -confusion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serum O -sodium B-Chemical -at O -this O -time O -was O -120 O -mmol O -/ O -L O -, O -serum O -osmolality O -was O -263 O -mosmol O -/ O -kg O -, O -urine O -osmolality O -410 O -mosmol O -/ O -kg O -and O -urine O -sodium B-Chemical -63 O -mmol O -/ O -L O -, O -consistent O -with O -a O -diagnosis O -of O -SIADH O -. O - -aps B-category -Desvenlafaxine B-Chemical -was O -ceased O -and O -fluid O -restriction O -implemented O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -4 O -days O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -increased O -to O -128 O -mmol O -/ O -L O -and O -fluid O -restriction O -was O -relaxed O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -her O -further O -3 O -weeks O -inpatient O -admission O -the O -serum O -sodium B-Chemical -ranged O -from O -134 O -to O -137 O -mmol O -/ O -L O -during O -treatment O -with O -mirtazapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -DISCUSSION O -: O -SIADH O -has O -been O -widely O -reported O -with O -a O -range O -of O -antidepressants O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -report O -suggests O -that O -desvenlafaxine B-Chemical -might O -cause O -clinically O -significant O -hyponatremia O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Clinicians O -should O -be O -aware O -of O -the O -potential O -for O -antidepressants O -to O -cause O -hyponatremia O -, O -and O -take O -appropriate O -corrective O -action O -where O -necessary O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidative O -stress O -on O -cardiotoxicity O -after O -treatment O -with O -single O -and O -multiple O -doses O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -DOX B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -remains O -controversial O -. O - -aps B-category -Wistar O -rats O -( O -n O -= O -66 O -) O -received O -DOX B-Chemical -injections O -intraperitoneally O -and O -were O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -2 O -experimental O -protocols O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -rats O -were O -killed O -before O -( O -- O -24 O -h O -, O -n O -= O -8 O -) O -and O -24 O -h O -after O -( O -+ O -24 O -h O -, O -n O -= O -8 O -) O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -DOX B-Chemical -( O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -) O -to O -determine O -the O -DOX B-Chemical -acute O -effect O -and O -( O -2 O -) O -rats O -( O -n O -= O -58 O -) O -received O -4 O -injections O -of O -DOX B-Chemical -( O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -/ O -week O -) O -and O -were O -killed O -before O -the O -first O -injection O -( O -M0 O -) O -and O -1 O -week O -after O -each O -injection O -( O -M1 O -, O -M2 O -, O -M3 O -, O -and O -M4 O -) O -to O -determine O -the O -chronological O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -used O -at O -M0 O -( O -n O -= O -8 O -) O -were O -also O -used O -at O -moment O -- O -24 O -h O -of O -acute O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -total O -antioxidant O -performance O -( O -TAP O -) O -, O -DNA O -damage O -, O -and O -morphology O -analyses O -were O -carried O -out O -at O -each O -time O -point O -. O - -aps B-category -Single O -dose O -of O -DOX B-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -increased O -cardiac O -disarrangement O -, O -necrosis O -, O -and O -DNA O -damage O -( O -strand O -breaks O -( O -SBs O -) O -and O -oxidized O -pyrimidines O -) O -and O -decreased O -TAP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chronological O -study O -showed O -an O -effect O -of O -a O -cumulative O -dose O -on O -body O -weight O -( O -R O -= O -- O -0 O -. O -99 O -, O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -011 O -) O -, O -necrosis O -( O -R O -= O -1 O -. O -00 O -, O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -004 O -) O -, O -TAP O -( O -R O -= O -0 O -. O -95 O -, O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -049 O -) O -, O -and O -DNA O -SBs O -( O -R O -= O -- O -0 O -. O -95 O -, O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -049 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -DNA O -SBs O -damage O -was O -negatively O -associated O -with O -TAP O -( O -R O -= O -- O -0 O -. O -98 O -, O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -018 O -) O -, O -and O -necrosis O -( O -R O -= O -- O -0 O -. O -97 O -, O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -027 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -suggest O -that O -oxidative O -damage O -is O -associated O -with O -acute O -cardiotoxicity O -induced O -by O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -DOX B-Chemical -only O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -resistance O -to O -the O -oxidative O -stress O -is O -plausible O -for O -the O -multiple O -dose O -of O -DOX B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -different O -mechanisms O -may O -be O -involved O -in O -acute O -toxicity O -versus O -chronic O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Tacrolimus B-Chemical -- O -related O -seizure O -after O -pediatric O -liver O -transplantation O -- O -- O -a O -single O -- O -center O -experience O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -identify O -the O -risk O -factors O -for O -new O -- O -onset O -seizures O -after O -pediatric O -LT O -and O -to O -assess O -their O -clinical O -implications O -and O -long O -- O -term O -prognosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -and O -laboratory O -data O -of O -27 O -consecutive O -children O -who O -underwent O -LT O -from O -January O -2007 O -to O -December O -2010 O -in O -our O -center O -were O -analyzed O -retrospectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -divided O -into O -seizures O -group O -and O -a O -non O -- O -seizures O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Pre O -- O -operative O -, O -intra O -- O -operative O -, O -and O -post O -- O -operative O -data O -were O -collected O -. O - -aps B-category -Seizures O -occurred O -in O -four O -children O -, O -an O -incidence O -of O -14 O -. O -8 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -exhibited O -generalized O -tonic O -- O -clonic O -seizures O -within O -the O -first O -two O -wk O -after O -LT O -. O - -aps B-category -Univariate O -analysis O -showed O -that O -the O -risk O -factors O -associated O -with O -seizures O -after O -pediatric O -LT O -included O -gender O -, O -pediatric O -end O -- O -stage O -liver O -disease O -score O -before O -surgery O -, O -Child O -- O -Pugh O -score O -before O -surgery O -, O -serum O -total O -bilirubin B-Chemical -after O -surgery O -, O -and O -trough O -TAC B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Multivariate O -analysis O -showed O -that O -trough O -TAC B-Chemical -level O -was O -the O -only O -independent O -risk O -factor O -associated O -with O -the O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -children O -who O -experienced O -seizures O -survived O -with O -good O -graft O -function O -and O -remained O -seizure O -- O -free O -without O -anti O -- O -epileptic O -drugs O -over O -a O -mean O -follow O -- O -up O -period O -of O -33 O -. O -7 O -+ O -14 O -. O -6 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -trough O -TAC B-Chemical -level O -was O -the O -predominant O -factor O -that O -contributed O -to O -seizures O -in O -the O -early O -post O -- O -operative O -period O -after O -pediatric O -LT O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -PELD O -and O -Child O -- O -Pugh O -scores O -before O -LT O -and O -high O -post O -- O -operative O -serum O -Tbil O -may O -be O -contributory O -risk O -factors O -for O -TAC B-Chemical -- O -related O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -flavonoid B-Chemical -apigenin B-Chemical -delays O -forgetting O -of O -passive O -avoidance O -conditioning O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -experiments O -were O -performed O -to O -study O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -flavonoid B-Chemical -apigenin B-Chemical -( O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -intraperitoneally O -( O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -, O -1 O -h O -before O -acquisition O -) O -, O -on O -24 O -h O -retention O -performance O -and O -forgetting O -of O -a O -step O -- O -through O -passive O -avoidance O -task O -, O -in O -young O -male O -Wistar O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -differences O -between O -saline O -- O -and O -apigenin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -groups O -in O -the O -24 O -h O -retention O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -apigenin B-Chemical -did O -not O -prevent O -the O -amnesia O -induced O -by O -scopolamine B-Chemical -( O -1mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -, O -30 O -min O -before O -the O -acquisition O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -saline O -- O -and O -apigenin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -that O -did O -not O -step O -through O -into O -the O -dark O -compartment O -during O -the O -cut O -- O -off O -time O -( O -540 O -s O -) O -were O -retested O -weekly O -for O -up O -to O -eight O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -saline O -treated O -group O -, O -the O -first O -significant O -decline O -in O -passive O -avoidance O -response O -was O -observed O -at O -four O -weeks O -, O -and O -complete O -memory O -loss O -was O -found O -five O -weeks O -after O -the O -acquisition O -of O -the O -passive O -avoidance O -task O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -end O -of O -the O -experimental O -period O -, O -60 O -% O -of O -the O -animals O -treated O -with O -apigenin B-Chemical -still O -did O -not O -step O -through O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -1 O -) O -apigenin B-Chemical -delays O -the O -long O -- O -term O -forgetting O -but O -did O -not O -modulate O -the O -24 O -h O -retention O -of O -fear O -memory O -and O -2 O -) O -the O -obtained O -beneficial O -effect O -of O -apigenin B-Chemical -on O -the O -passive O -avoidance O -conditioning O -is O -mediated O -by O -mechanisms O -that O -do O -not O -implicate O -its O -action O -on O -the O -muscarinic O -cholinergic O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -antagonists O -and O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tubocurarine I-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -in O -cardiac O -surgical O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemodynamic O -effects O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -by O -bolus O -injection O -of O -0 O -. O -35 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tubocurarine I-Chemical -were O -studied O -in O -24 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -H1 O -- O -and O -H2 O -- O -histamine B-Chemical -antagonists O -or O -placebo O -were O -given O -before O -dosing O -with O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tubocurarine I-Chemical -in O -a O -randomized O -double O -- O -blind O -fashion O -to O -four O -groups O -: O -group O -1 O -- O -- O -placebo O -; O -group O -2 O -- O -- O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -plus O -placebo O -; O -group O -3 O -- O -- O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -plus O -placebo O -; O -and O -group O -4 O -- O -- O -cimetidine B-Chemical -plus O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -release O -occurred O -in O -most O -patients O -, O -the O -highest O -level O -2 O -minutes O -after O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tubocurarine I-Chemical -dosing O -. O - -aps B-category -Group O -1 O -had O -a O -moderate O -negative O -correlation O -between O -plasma O -histamine B-Chemical -change O -and O -systemic O -vascular O -resistance O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -58 O -; O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -not O -present O -in O -group O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Prior O -dosing O -with O -antagonists O -partially O -prevented O -the O -fall O -in O -systemic O -vascular O -resistance O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -demonstrate O -that O -the O -hemodynamic O -changes O -associated O -with O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tubocurarine I-Chemical -dosing O -are O -only O -partially O -explained O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -prior O -dosing O -with O -H1 O -- O -and O -H2 O -- O -antagonists O -provides O -only O -partial O -protection O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholecystokinin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -octapeptide I-Chemical -restored O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hippocampal O -long O -- O -term O -potentiation O -impairment O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholecystokinin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -octapeptide I-Chemical -( O -CCK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -) O -, O -which O -is O -a O -typical O -brain O -- O -gut O -peptide O -, O -exerts O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -biological O -activities O -on O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -previously O -reported O -that O -CCK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -significantly O -alleviated O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -amnesia O -and O -reversed O -spine O -density O -decreases O -in O -the O -CA1 O -region O -of O -the O -hippocampus O -in O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -, O -we O -investigated O -the O -effects O -of O -CCK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -on O -long O -- O -term O -potentiation O -( O -LTP O -) O -in O -the O -lateral O -perforant O -path O -( O -LPP O -) O -- O -granule O -cell O -synapse O -of O -rat O -dentate O -gyrus O -( O -DG O -) O -in O -acute O -saline O -or O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Population O -spikes O -( O -PS O -) O -, O -which O -were O -evoked O -by O -stimulation O -of O -the O -LPP O -, O -were O -recorded O -in O -the O -DG O -region O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -30mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -treatment O -significantly O -attenuated O -hippocampal O -LTP O -and O -CCK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -( O -1ug O -, O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O -) O -restored O -the O -amplitude O -of O -PS O -that O -was O -attenuated O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -microinjection O -of O -CCK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -and O -1ug O -, O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O -) O -also O -significantly O -augmented O -hippocampal O -LTP O -in O -saline O -- O -treated O -( O -1ml O -/ O -kg O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Pre O -- O -treatment O -of O -the O -CCK2 O -receptor O -antagonist O -L O -- O -365 O -, O -260 O -( O -10ug O -, O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -) O -reversed O -the O -effects O -of O -CCK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -, O -but O -the O -CCK1 O -receptor O -antagonist O -L O -- O -364 O -, O -718 O -( O -10ug O -, O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -) O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -results O -demonstrate O -that O -CCK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -attenuates O -the O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -on O -hippocampal O -LTP O -through O -CCK2 O -receptors O -and O -suggest O -an O -ameliorative O -function O -of O -CCK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -on O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -memory O -impairment O -. O - -aps B-category -Glial O -activation O -and O -post O -- O -synaptic O -neurotoxicity O -: O -the O -key O -events O -in O -Streptozotocin B-Chemical -( O -ICV O -) O -induced O -memory O -impairment O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -the O -role O -of O -glial O -activation O -and O -post O -synaptic O -toxicity O -in O -ICV O -Streptozotocin B-Chemical -( O -STZ B-Chemical -) O -induced O -memory O -impaired O -rats O -was O -explored O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -experiment O -set O -up O -1 O -: O -Memory O -deficit O -was O -found O -in O -Morris O -water O -maze O -test O -on O -14 O -- O -16 O -days O -after O -STZ B-Chemical -( O -ICV O -; O -3mg O -/ O -Kg O -) O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -STZ B-Chemical -causes O -increased O -expression O -of O -GFAP O -, O -CD11b O -and O -TNF O -- O -a O -indicating O -glial O -activation O -and O -neuroinflammation O -. O - -aps B-category -STZ B-Chemical -also O -significantly O -increased O -the O -level O -of O -ROS O -, O -nitrite B-Chemical -, O -Ca B-Chemical -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -and O -reduced O -the O -mitochondrial O -activity O -in O -synaptosomal O -preparation O -illustrating O -free O -radical O -generation O -and O -excitotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -expression O -and O -activity O -of O -Caspase O -- O -3 O -was O -also O -observed O -in O -STZ B-Chemical -treated O -rat O -which O -specify O -apoptotic O -cell O -death O -in O -hippocampus O -and O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -STZ B-Chemical -treatment O -showed O -decrease O -expression O -of O -post O -synaptic O -markers O -CaMKIIa O -and O -PSD O -- O -95 O -, O -while O -, O -expression O -of O -pre O -synaptic O -markers O -( O -synaptophysin O -and O -SNAP O -- O -25 O -) O -remains O -unaltered O -indicating O -selective O -post O -synaptic O -neurotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -treatment O -with O -Memantine B-Chemical -( O -10mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -Ibuprofen B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -daily O -for O -13 O -days O -attenuated O -STZ B-Chemical -induced O -glial O -activation O -, O -apoptotic O -cell O -death O -and O -post O -synaptic O -neurotoxicity O -in O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -, O -in O -experiment O -set O -up O -2 O -: O -where O -memory O -function O -was O -not O -affected O -i O -. O -e O -. O -7 O -- O -9 O -days O -after O -STZ B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -level O -of O -GFAP O -, O -CD11b O -, O -TNF O -- O -a O -, O -ROS O -and O -nitrite B-Chemical -levels O -were O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -apoptotic O -marker O -, O -synaptic O -markers O -, O -mitochondrial O -activity O -and O -Ca B-Chemical -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -levels O -remained O -unaffected O -. O - -aps B-category -Collective O -data O -indicates O -that O -neuroinflammatory O -process O -and O -oxidative O -stress O -occurs O -earlier O -to O -apoptosis O -and O -does O -not O -affect O -memory O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Present O -study O -clearly O -suggests O -that O -glial O -activation O -and O -post O -synaptic O -neurotoxicity O -are O -the O -key O -factors O -in O -STZ B-Chemical -induced O -memory O -impairment O -and O -neuronal O -cell O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -effects O -of O -isotonic O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -with O -diltiazem B-Chemical -in O -prevention O -of O -contrast B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -INTRODUCTION O -AND O -OBJECTIVE O -: O -Contrast B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephropathy O -( O -CIN O -) O -significantly O -increases O -the O -morbidity O -and O -mortality O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -is O -to O -investigate O -and O -compare O -the O -protective O -effects O -of O -isotonic O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -with O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -infusion O -and O -isotonic O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -infusion O -with O -diltiazem B-Chemical -, O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blocker O -, O -in O -preventing O -CIN O -. O - -aps B-category -MATERIALS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -Our O -study O -included O -patients O -who O -were O -administered O -30 O -- O -60 O -mL O -of O -iodinated O -contrast B-Chemical -agent O -for O -percutaneous O -coronary O -angiography O -( O -PCAG O -) O -, O -all O -with O -creatinine B-Chemical -values O -between O -1 O -. O -1 O -and O -3 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -divided O -into O -three O -groups O -and O -each O -group O -had O -20 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -group O -of O -patients O -was O -administered O -isotonic O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -; O -the O -second O -group O -was O -administered O -a O -solution O -that O -of O -5 O -% O -dextrose B-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -, O -while O -the O -third O -group O -was O -administered O -isotonic O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -before O -and O -after O -the O -contrast B-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -third O -group O -received O -an O -additional O -injection O -of O -diltiazem B-Chemical -the O -day O -before O -and O -first O -2 O -days O -after O -the O -contrast B-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -of O -the O -patients O -' O -plasma O -blood B-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -( O -BUN B-Chemical -) O -and O -creatinine B-Chemical -levels O -were O -measured O -on O -the O -second O -and O -seventh O -day O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -intravenous O -contrast B-Chemical -material O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -basal O -creatinine B-Chemical -levels O -were O -similar O -for O -all O -three O -groups O -( O -p O -> O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -a O -total O -of O -60 O -patients O -included O -in O -the O -study O -, O -16 O -patients O -developed O -acute O -renal O -failure O -( O -ARF O -) O -on O -the O -second O -day O -after O -contrast B-Chemical -material O -was O -injected O -( O -26 O -. O -6 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -patients O -who O -developed O -ARF O -on O -the O -second O -day O -after O -the O -injection O -in O -the O -first O -group O -was O -five O -( O -25 O -% O -) O -, O -in O -the O -second O -group O -was O -six O -( O -30 O -% O -) O -and O -the O -third O -group O -was O -five O -( O -25 O -% O -) O -( O -p O -> O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -There O -was O -no O -significant O -difference O -between O -isotonic O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -and O -isotonic O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -with O -diltiazem B-Chemical -application O -in O -prevention O -of O -CIN O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurocognitive O -and O -neuroradiologic O -central O -nervous O -system O -late O -effects O -in O -children O -treated O -on O -Pediatric O -Oncology O -Group O -( O -POG O -) O -P9605 O -( O -standard O -risk O -) O -and O -P9201 O -( O -lesser O -risk O -) O -acute O -lymphoblastic O -leukemia O -protocols O -( O -ACCL0131 O -) O -: O -a O -methotrexate B-Chemical -consequence O -? O - -aps B-category -A O -report O -from O -the O -Children O -' O -s O -Oncology O -Group O -. O - -aps B-category -Concerns O -about O -long O -- O -term O -methotrexate B-Chemical -( O -MTX B-Chemical -) O -neurotoxicity O -in O -the O -1990s O -led O -to O -modifications O -in O -intrathecal O -( O -IT O -) O -therapy O -, O -leucovorin O -rescue O -, O -and O -frequency O -of O -systemic O -MTX B-Chemical -administration O -in O -children O -with O -acute O -lymphoblastic O -leukemia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -neurocognitive O -outcomes O -and O -neuroradiologic O -evidence O -of O -leukoencephalopathy O -were O -compared O -in O -children O -treated O -with O -intense O -central O -nervous O -system O -( O -CNS O -) O -- O -directed O -therapy O -( O -P9605 O -) O -versus O -those O -receiving O -fewer O -CNS O -- O -directed O -treatment O -days O -during O -intensive O -consolidation O -( O -P9201 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -66 O -children O -from O -16 O -Pediatric O -Oncology O -Group O -institutions O -with O -" O -standard O -- O -risk O -" O -acute O -lymphoblastic O -leukemia O -, O -1 O -. O -00 O -to O -9 O -. O -99 O -years O -at O -diagnosis O -, O -without O -evidence O -of O -CNS O -leukemia O -at O -diagnosis O -were O -enrolled O -on O -ACCL0131 O -: O -28 O -from O -P9201 O -and O -38 O -from O -P9605 O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnetic O -resonance O -imaging O -scans O -and O -standard O -neuropsychological O -tests O -were O -performed O -> O -2 O -. O -6 O -years O -after O -the O -end O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Significantly O -more O -P9605 O -patients O -developed O -leukoencephalopathy O -compared O -with O -P9201 O -patients O -( O -68 O -% O -, O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -49 O -% O -- O -83 O -% O -vs O -. O -22 O -% O -, O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -5 O -% O -- O -44 O -% O -; O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -identified O -as O -late O -as O -7 O -. O -7 O -years O -after O -the O -end O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Overall O -, O -40 O -% O -of O -patients O -scored O -< O -85 O -on O -either O -Verbal O -or O -Performance O -IQ O -. O - -aps B-category -Children O -on O -both O -studies O -had O -significant O -attention O -problems O -, O -but O -P9605 O -children O -scored O -below O -average O -on O -more O -neurocognitive O -measures O -than O -those O -treated O -on O -P9201 O -( O -82 O -% O -, O -14 O -/ O -17 O -measures O -vs O -. O -24 O -% O -, O -4 O -/ O -17 O -measures O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -supports O -ongoing O -concerns O -about O -intensive O -MTX B-Chemical -exposure O -as O -a O -major O -contributor O -to O -CNS O -late O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Tranexamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -overdosage O -- O -induced O -generalized O -seizure O -in O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -45 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -lady O -with O -chronic O -kidney O -disease O -stage O -4 O -due O -to O -chronic O -tubulointerstial O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -was O -admitted O -to O -our O -center O -for O -severe O -anemia O -due O -to O -menorrhagia O -and O -deterioration O -of O -renal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -was O -infused O -three O -units O -of O -packed O -cells O -during O -a O -session O -of O -hemodialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Tranexamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -TNA B-Chemical -) O -1 O -g O -8 O -- O -hourly O -was O -administered O -to O -her O -to O -control O -bleeding O -per O -vaginum O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -hours O -after O -the O -sixth O -dose O -of O -TNA B-Chemical -, O -she O -had O -an O -episode O -of O -generalized O -tonic O -clonic O -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -TNA B-Chemical -was O -discontinued O -. O - -aps B-category -Investigations O -of O -the O -patient O -revealed O -no O -biochemical O -or O -structural O -central O -nervous O -system O -abnormalities O -that O -could O -have O -provoked O -the O -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -did O -not O -require O -any O -further O -dialytic O -support O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -had O -no O -further O -episodes O -of O -convulsion O -till O -dis O -- O -charge O -and O -during O -the O -two O -months O -of O -follow O -- O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -precipitating O -cause O -of O -convulsions O -was O -believed O -to O -be O -an O -overdose O -of O -TNA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pre O -- O -treatment O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiovascular O -depression O -using O -different O -lipid O -formulations O -of O -propofol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Pre O -- O -treatment O -with O -lipid O -emulsions O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -increase O -lethal O -doses O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -lipid O -content O -of O -propofol B-Chemical -may O -alleviate O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -is O -to O -investigate O -the O -effects O -of O -propofol B-Chemical -in O -intralipid O -or O -medialipid O -emulsions O -on O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Rats O -were O -anaesthetised O -with O -ketamine B-Chemical -and O -were O -given O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -propofol B-Chemical -in O -intralipid O -( O -Group O -P O -) O -, O -propofol B-Chemical -in O -medialipid O -( O -Group O -L O -) O -, O -or O -saline O -( O -Group O -C O -) O -over O -20 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Thereafter O -, O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -was O -infused O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -recorded O -time O -to O -first O -dysrhythmia O -occurrence O -, O -respective O -times O -to O -25 O -% O -and O -50 O -% O -reduction O -of O -the O -heart O -rate O -( O -HR O -) O -and O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -, O -and O -time O -to O -asystole O -and O -total O -amount O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -consumption O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -and O -tissue O -samples O -were O -collected O -following O -asystole O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -time O -to O -first O -dysrhythmia O -occurrence O -, O -time O -to O -25 O -% O -and O -50 O -% O -reductions O -in O -HR O -, O -and O -time O -to O -asystole O -were O -longer O -in O -Group O -P O -than O -the O -other O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cumulative O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -dose O -given O -at O -those O -time O -points O -was O -higher O -in O -Group O -P O -. O -Plasma O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -levels O -were O -significantly O -lower O -in O -Group O -P O -than O -in O -Group O -C O -. O -Bupivacaine B-Chemical -levels O -in O -the O -brain O -and O -heart O -were O -significantly O -lower O -in O -Group O -P O -and O -Group O -L O -than O -in O -Group O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -We O -conclude O -that O -pre O -- O -treatment O -with O -propofol B-Chemical -in O -intralipid O -, O -compared O -with O -propofol B-Chemical -in O -medialipid O -or O -saline O -, O -delayed O -the O -onset O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxic O -effects O -as O -well O -as O -reduced O -plasma O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -studies O -are O -needed O -to O -explore O -tissue O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -levels O -of O -propofol B-Chemical -in O -medialipid O -and O -adapt O -these O -results O -to O -clinical O -practice O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -- O -Induced O -Acute O -Liver O -Injury O -Within O -12 O -Hours O -After O -Fluvastatin B-Chemical -Therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -statins B-Chemical -are O -generally O -well O -- O -tolerated O -drugs O -, O -recent O -cases O -of O -drug O -- O -induced O -liver O -injury O -associated O -with O -their O -use O -have O -been O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -52 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -Chinese O -man O -reported O -with O -liver O -damage O -, O -which O -appeared O -12 O -hours O -after O -beginning O -treatment O -with O -fluvastatin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Patient O -presented O -with O -complaints O -of O -increasing O -nausea O -, O -anorexia O -, O -and O -upper O -abdominal O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -His O -laboratory O -values O -showed O -elevated O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -and O -transaminases O -. O - -aps B-category -Testing O -for O -autoantibodies O -was O -also O -negative O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -liver O -biochemistries O -eventually O -normalized O -within O -3 O -weeks O -of O -stopping O -the O -fluvastatin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -when O -prescribing O -statins O -, O -the O -possibility O -of O -hepatic O -damage O -should O -be O -taken O -into O -account O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluconazole B-Chemical -associated O -agranulocytosis O -and O -thrombocytopenia O -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -: O -We O -describe O -a O -second O -case O -of O -fluconazole B-Chemical -associated O -agranulocytosis O -with O -thrombocytopenia O -and O -recovery O -upon O -discontinuation O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -began O -to O -have O -changes O -in O -white O -blood O -cells O -and O -platelets O -within O -48 O -h O -of O -administration O -of O -fluconazole B-Chemical -and O -began O -to O -recover O -with O -48 O -h O -of O -discontinuation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -highlights O -that O -drug O -- O -induced O -blood O -dyscrasias O -can O -occur O -unexpectedly O -as O -a O -result O -of O -treatment O -with O -a O -commonly O -used O -drug O -thought O -to O -be O -" O -safe O -" O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -According O -to O -Naranjo O -' O -s O -algorithm O -the O -likelihood O -that O -our O -patient O -' O -s O -agranulocytosis O -and O -thrombocytopenia O -occurred O -as O -a O -result O -of O -therapy O -with O -fluconazole B-Chemical -is O -probable O -, O -with O -a O -total O -of O -six O -points O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -feel O -that O -the O -weight O -of O -the O -overall O -evidence O -of O -this O -evidence O -is O -strong O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -particular O -the O -temporal O -relationship O -of O -bone O -marrow O -suppression O -to O -the O -initiation O -of O -fluconazole B-Chemical -and O -the O -abatement O -of O -symptoms O -that O -rapidly O -reversed O -immediately O -following O -discontinuation O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -- O -dimensional O -speckle O -tracking O -echocardiography O -combined O -with O -high O -- O -sensitive O -cardiac O -troponin O -T O -in O -early O -detection O -and O -prediction O -of O -cardiotoxicity O -during O -epirubicine B-Chemical -- O -based O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -AIMS O -: O -To O -investigate O -whether O -alterations O -of O -myocardial O -strain O -and O -high O -- O -sensitive O -cardiac O -troponin O -T O -( O -cTnT O -) O -could O -predict O -future O -cardiac O -dysfunction O -in O -patients O -after O -epirubicin B-Chemical -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Seventy O -- O -five O -patients O -with O -non O -- O -Hodgkin O -lymphoma O -treated O -with O -epirubicin B-Chemical -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -collection O -and O -echocardiography O -were O -performed O -at O -baseline O -, O -1 O -day O -after O -the O -third O -cycle O -, O -and O -1 O -day O -after O -completion O -of O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -studied O -using O -echocardiography O -during O -follow O -- O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -Global O -longitudinal O -( O -GLS O -) O -, O -circumferential O -( O -GCS O -) O -, O -and O -radial O -strain O -( O -GRS O -) O -were O -calculated O -using O -speckle O -tracking O -echocardiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Left O -ventricular O -ejection O -fraction O -was O -analysed O -by O -real O -- O -time O -3D O -echocardiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiotoxicity O -was O -defined O -as O -a O -reduction O -of O -the O -LVEF O -of O -> O -5 O -% O -to O -< O -55 O -% O -with O -symptoms O -of O -heart O -failure O -or O -an O -asymptomatic O -reduction O -of O -the O -LVEF O -of O -> O -10 O -% O -to O -< O -55 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Fourteen O -patients O -( O -18 O -. O -67 O -% O -) O -developed O -cardiotoxicity O -after O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -GLS O -( O -- O -18 O -. O -48 O -+ O -1 O -. O -72 O -% O -vs O -. O -- O -15 O -. O -96 O -+ O -1 O -. O -6 O -% O -) O -, O -GCS O -( O -- O -20 O -. O -93 O -+ O -2 O -. O -86 O -% O -vs O -. O -- O -19 O -. O -20 O -+ O -3 O -. O -21 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -GRS O -( O -39 O -. O -23 O -+ O -6 O -. O -44 O -% O -vs O -. O -34 O -. O -98 O -+ O -6 O -. O -2 O -% O -) O -were O -markedly O -reduced O -and O -cTnT O -was O -elevated O -from O -0 O -. O -0010 O -+ O -0 O -. O -0020 O -to O -0 O -. O -0073 O -+ O -0 O -. O -0038 O -ng O -/ O -mL O -( O -P O -all O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -at O -the O -completion O -of O -chemotherapy O -compared O -with O -baseline O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -> O -15 O -. O -9 O -% O -decrease O -in O -GLS O -[ O -sensitivity O -, O -86 O -% O -; O -specificity O -, O -75 O -% O -; O -area O -under O -the O -curve O -( O -AUC O -) O -= O -0 O -. O -815 O -; O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -001 O -] O -and O -a O -> O -0 O -. O -004 O -ng O -/ O -mL O -elevation O -in O -cTnT O -( O -sensitivity O -, O -79 O -% O -; O -specificity O -, O -64 O -% O -; O -AUC O -= O -0 O -. O -757 O -; O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -from O -baseline O -to O -the O -third O -cycle O -of O -chemotherapy O -predicted O -later O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -in O -GLS O -remained O -the O -only O -independent O -predictor O -of O -cardiotoxicity O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -000 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -GLS O -combined O -with O -cTnT O -may O -provide O -a O -reliable O -and O -non O -- O -invasive O -method O -to O -predict O -cardiac O -dysfunction O -in O -patients O -receiving O -anthracycline B-Chemical -- O -based O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Prevention O -of O -etomidate B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myoclonus O -: O -which O -is O -superior O -: O -Fentanyl B-Chemical -, O -midazolam B-Chemical -, O -or O -a O -combination O -? O - -aps B-category -A O -Retrospective O -comparative O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -In O -this O -retrospective O -comparative O -study O -, O -we O -aimed O -to O -compare O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -, O -midazolam B-Chemical -, O -and O -a O -combination O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -and O -midazolam B-Chemical -to O -prevent O -etomidate B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myoclonus O -. O - -aps B-category -MATERIAL O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -This O -study O -was O -performed O -based O -on O -anesthesia O -records O -. O - -aps B-category -Depending O -on O -the O -drugs O -that O -would O -be O -given O -before O -the O -induction O -of O -anesthesia O -with O -etomidate B-Chemical -, O -the O -patients O -were O -separated O -into O -4 O -groups O -: O -no O -pretreatment O -( O -Group O -NP O -) O -, O -fentanyl B-Chemical -1 O -ug O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -( O -Group O -F O -) O -, O -midazolam B-Chemical -0 O -. O -03 O -mg O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -( O -Group O -M O -) O -, O -and O -midazolam B-Chemical -0 O -. O -015 O -mg O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -+ O -fentanyl B-Chemical -0 O -. O -5 O -ug O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -( O -Group O -FM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -who O -received O -the O -same O -anesthetic O -procedure O -were O -selected O -: O -2 O -minutes O -after O -intravenous O -injections O -of O -the O -pretreatment O -drugs O -, O -anesthesia O -is O -induced O -with O -0 O -. O -3 O -mg O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -etomidate B-Chemical -injected O -intravenously O -over O -a O -period O -of O -20 O -- O -30 O -seconds O -. O - -aps B-category -Myoclonic O -movements O -are O -evaluated O -, O -which O -were O -observed O -and O -graded O -according O -to O -clinical O -severity O -during O -the O -2 O -minutes O -after O -etomidate B-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -severity O -of O -pain O -due O -to O -etomidate B-Chemical -injection O -, O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -, O -heart O -rate O -, O -and O -adverse O -effects O -were O -also O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Study O -results O -showed O -that O -myoclonus O -incidence O -was O -85 O -% O -, O -40 O -% O -, O -70 O -% O -, O -and O -25 O -% O -in O -Group O -NP O -, O -Group O -F O -, O -Group O -M O -, O -and O -Group O -FM O -, O -respectively O -, O -and O -were O -significantly O -lower O -in O -Group O -F O -and O -Group O -FM O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -We O -conclude O -that O -pretreatment O -with O -fentanyl B-Chemical -or O -combination O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -and O -midazolam B-Chemical -was O -effective O -in O -preventing O -etomidate B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myoclonus O -. O - -aps B-category -Convulsant O -effect O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -and O -regional O -brain O -concentration O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lindane B-Chemical -( O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hexachlorocyclohexane I-Chemical -) O -is O -an O -organochlorine O -insecticide O -with O -known O -neurotoxic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -mechanism O -of O -action O -is O -not O -well O -understood O -although O -it O -has O -been O -proposed O -that O -lindane B-Chemical -acts O -as O -a O -non O -- O -competitive O -antagonist O -at O -the O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -- O -A O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -the O -effect O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -( O -150 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -on O -the O -GABAergic O -and O -dopaminergic O -systems O -by O -measuring O -the O -concentration O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -its O -metabolites O -in O -7 O -brain O -areas O -at O -the O -onset O -of O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -animals O -suffered O -tonic O -convulsions O -at O -18 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -4 O -min O -after O -lindane B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -was O -only O -slightly O -but O -significantly O -decreased O -in O -the O -colliculi O -without O -modifications O -in O -the O -other O -areas O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -was O -increased O -in O -the O -mesencephalon O -and O -that O -of O -its O -metabolite O -DOPAC B-Chemical -was O -also O -increased O -in O -the O -mesencephalon O -and O -the O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholestatic O -presentation O -of O -yellow O -phosphorus B-Chemical -poisoning O -. O - -aps B-category -Yellow O -phosphorus B-Chemical -, O -a O -component O -of O -certain O -pesticide O -pastes O -and O -fireworks O -, O -is O -well O -known O -to O -cause O -hepatotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Poisoning O -with O -yellow O -phosphorus B-Chemical -classically O -manifests O -with O -acute O -hepatitis O -leading O -to O -acute O -liver O -failure O -which O -may O -need O -liver O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -present O -a O -case O -of O -yellow O -phosphorus B-Chemical -poisoning O -in O -which O -a O -patient O -presented O -with O -florid O -clinical O -features O -of O -cholestasis O -highlighting O -the O -fact O -that O -cholestasis O -can O -rarely O -be O -a O -presenting O -feature O -of O -yellow O -phosphorus B-Chemical -hepatotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Vasovagal O -syncope O -and O -severe O -bradycardia O -following O -intranasal O -dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -for O -pediatric O -procedural O -sedation O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -syncope O -and O -bradycardia O -in O -an O -11 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -girl O -following O -administration O -of O -intranasal O -dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -for O -sedation O -for O -a O -voiding O -cystourethrogram O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -successful O -completion O -of O -VCUG O -and O -a O -60 O -- O -min O -recovery O -period O -, O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -level O -of O -consciousness O -and O -vital O -signs O -returned O -to O -presedation O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Upon O -leaving O -the O -sedation O -area O -, O -the O -patient O -collapsed O -, O -with O -no O -apparent O -inciting O -event O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -quickly O -regained O -consciousness O -and O -no O -injury O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -primary O -abnormality O -found O -was O -persistent O -bradycardia O -, O -and O -she O -was O -admitted O -to O -the O -hospital O -for O -telemetric O -observation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bradycardia O -lasted O -~ O -2 O -h O -, O -and O -further O -cardiac O -workup O -revealed O -no O -underlying O -abnormality O -. O - -aps B-category -Unanticipated O -and O -previously O -unreported O -outcomes O -may O -be O -witnessed O -as O -we O -expand O -the O -use O -of O -certain O -sedatives O -to O -alternative O -routes O -of O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Paradoxical O -severe O -agitation O -induced O -by O -add O -- O -on O -high O -- O -doses O -quetiapine B-Chemical -in O -schizo O -- O -affective O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -case O -of O -a O -35 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -patient O -suffering O -from O -schizo O -- O -affective O -disorder O -since O -the O -age O -of O -19 O -years O -, O -treated O -by O -a O -combination O -of O -first O -- O -generation O -antipsychotics O -, O -zuclopenthixol B-Chemical -( O -100 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -and O -lithium B-Chemical -( O -1200 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -( O -serum O -lithium B-Chemical -= O -0 O -. O -85 O -mEq O -/ O -l O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -patient O -had O -no O -associated O -personality O -disorder O -( O -particularly O -no O -antisocial O -disorder O -) O -and O -no O -substance O -abuse O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -the O -48 O -h O -following O -the O -gradual O -introduction O -of O -quetiapine B-Chemical -( O -up O -to O -600 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -, O -the O -patient O -presented O -severe O -agitation O -without O -an O -environmental O -explanation O -, O -contrasting O -with O -the O -absence O -of O -a O -history O -of O -aggressiveness O -or O -personality O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diagnoses O -of O -manic O -shift O -and O -akathisia O -were O -dismissed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -withdrawal O -and O -the O -gradual O -reintroduction O -of O -quetiapine B-Chemical -2 O -weeks O -later O -, O -which O -led O -to O -another O -severe O -agitation O -, O -enabled O -us O -to O -attribute O -the O -agitation O -specifically O -to O -quetiapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Antioxidant O -effects O -of O -bovine O -lactoferrin O -on O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -in O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexamethasone B-Chemical -- O -( O -Dex B-Chemical -- O -) O -induced O -hypertension O -is O -associated O -with O -enhanced O -oxidative O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactoferrin O -( O -LF O -) O -is O -an O -iron B-Chemical -- O -binding O -glycoprotein O -with O -antihypertensive O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -we O -investigated O -the O -effect O -of O -chronic O -administration O -of O -LF O -on O -oxidative O -stress O -and O -hypertension O -upon O -Dex B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -Wistar O -rats O -were O -treated O -by O -Dex B-Chemical -( O -30 O -u O -g O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -subcutaneously O -) O -or O -saline O -for O -14 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -bovine O -LF O -( O -30 O -, O -100 O -, O -300 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -was O -given O -from O -day O -8 O -to O -14 O -in O -a O -reversal O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -prevention O -study O -, O -rats O -received O -4 O -days O -of O -LF O -treatment O -followed O -by O -Dex B-Chemical -and O -continued O -during O -the O -test O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Systolic O -blood O -pressure O -( O -SBP O -) O -was O -measured O -using O -tail O -- O -cuff O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Thymus O -weight O -was O -used O -as O -a O -marker O -of O -glucocorticoid O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -( O -H2O2 B-Chemical -) O -concentration O -and O -ferric O -reducing O -antioxidant O -power O -( O -FRAP O -) O -value O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexamethasone B-Chemical -significantly O -increased O -SBP O -and O -plasma O -H2O2 B-Chemical -level O -and O -decreased O -thymus O -and O -body O -weights O -. O - -aps B-category -LF O -lowered O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -and O -dose O -dependently O -prevented O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -Dex B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -LF O -prevented O -body O -weight O -loss O -and O -significantly O -reduced O -the O -elevated O -plasma O -H2O2 B-Chemical -and O -increased O -FRAP O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -administration O -of O -LF O -strongly O -reduced O -the O -blood O -pressure O -and O -production O -of O -ROS O -and O -improved O -antioxidant O -capacity O -in O -Dex B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -, O -suggesting O -the O -role O -of O -inhibition O -of O -oxidative O -stress O -as O -another O -mechanism O -of O -antihypertensive O -action O -of O -LF O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -association O -between O -tranexamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -convulsive O -seizures O -after O -cardiac O -surgery O -: O -a O -multivariate O -analysis O -in O -11 O -529 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -a O -lack O -of O -contemporary O -data O -regarding O -seizures O -after O -cardiac O -surgery O -, O -we O -undertook O -a O -retrospective O -analysis O -of O -prospectively O -collected O -data O -from O -11 O -529 O -patients O -in O -whom O -cardiopulmonary O -bypass O -was O -used O -from O -January O -2004 O -to O -December O -2010 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -convulsive O -seizure O -was O -defined O -as O -a O -transient O -episode O -of O -disturbed O -brain O -function O -characterised O -by O -abnormal O -involuntary O -motor O -movements O -. O - -aps B-category -Multivariate O -regression O -analysis O -was O -performed O -to O -identify O -independent O -predictors O -of O -postoperative O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -100 O -( O -0 O -. O -9 O -% O -) O -patients O -developed O -postoperative O -convulsive O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Generalised O -and O -focal O -seizures O -were O -identified O -in O -68 O -and O -32 O -patients O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -median O -( O -IQR O -[ O -range O -] O -) O -time O -after O -surgery O -when O -the O -seizure O -occurred O -was O -7 O -( O -6 O -- O -12 O -[ O -1 O -- O -216 O -] O -) O -h O -and O -8 O -( O -6 O -- O -11 O -[ O -4 O -- O -18 O -] O -) O -h O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Epileptiform O -findings O -on O -electroencephalography O -were O -seen O -in O -19 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Independent O -predictors O -of O -postoperative O -seizures O -included O -age O -, O -female O -sex O -, O -redo O -cardiac O -surgery O -, O -calcification O -of O -ascending O -aorta O -, O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -, O -deep O -hypothermic O -circulatory O -arrest O -, O -duration O -of O -aortic O -cross O -- O -clamp O -and O -tranexamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -tested O -in O -a O -multivariate O -regression O -analysis O -, O -tranexamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -a O -strong O -independent O -predictor O -of O -seizures O -( O -OR O -14 O -. O -3 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -5 O -. O -5 O -- O -36 O -. O -7 O -; O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -convulsive O -seizures O -had O -2 O -. O -5 O -times O -higher O -in O -- O -hospital O -mortality O -rates O -and O -twice O -the O -length O -of O -hospital O -stay O -compared O -with O -patients O -without O -convulsive O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -( O -IQR O -[ O -range O -] O -) O -length O -of O -stay O -in O -the O -intensive O -care O -unit O -was O -115 O -( O -49 O -- O -228 O -[ O -32 O -- O -481 O -] O -) O -h O -in O -patients O -with O -convulsive O -seizures O -compared O -with O -26 O -( O -22 O -- O -69 O -[ O -14 O -- O -1080 O -] O -) O -h O -in O -patients O -without O -seizures O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Convulsive O -seizures O -are O -a O -serious O -postoperative O -complication O -after O -cardiac O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -tranexamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -is O -the O -only O -modifiable O -factor O -, O -its O -administration O -, O -particularly O -in O -doses O -exceeding O -80 O -mg O -. O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -, O -should O -be O -weighed O -against O -the O -risk O -of O -postoperative O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Dysfunctional O -overnight O -memory O -consolidation O -in O -ecstasy B-Chemical -users O -. O - -aps B-category -Sleep O -plays O -an O -important O -role O -in O -the O -consolidation O -and O -integration O -of O -memory O -in O -a O -process O -called O -overnight O -memory O -consolidation O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -studies O -indicate O -that O -ecstasy B-Chemical -users O -have O -marked O -and O -persistent O -neurocognitive O -and O -sleep O -- O -related O -impairments O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -extend O -past O -research O -by O -examining O -overnight O -memory O -consolidation O -among O -regular O -ecstasy B-Chemical -users O -( O -n O -= O -12 O -) O -and O -drug O -naive O -healthy O -controls O -( O -n O -= O -26 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Memory O -recall O -of O -word O -pairs O -was O -evaluated O -before O -and O -after O -a O -period O -of O -sleep O -, O -with O -and O -without O -interference O -prior O -to O -testing O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -we O -assessed O -neurocognitive O -performances O -across O -tasks O -of O -learning O -, O -memory O -and O -executive O -functioning O -. O - -aps B-category -Ecstasy B-Chemical -users O -demonstrated O -impaired O -overnight O -memory O -consolidation O -, O -a O -finding O -that O -was O -more O -pronounced O -following O -associative O -interference O -. O - -aps B-category -Additionally O -, O -ecstasy B-Chemical -users O -demonstrated O -impairments O -on O -tasks O -recruiting O -frontostriatal O -and O -hippocampal O -neural O -circuitry O -, O -in O -the O -domains O -of O -proactive O -interference O -memory O -, O -long O -- O -term O -memory O -, O -encoding O -, O -working O -memory O -and O -complex O -planning O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -that O -ecstasy B-Chemical -- O -associated O -dysfunction O -in O -fronto O -- O -temporal O -circuitry O -may O -underlie O -overnight O -consolidation O -memory O -impairments O -in O -regular O -ecstasy B-Chemical -users O -. O - -aps B-category -Normoammonemic O -encephalopathy O -: O -solely O -valproate B-Chemical -induced O -or O -multiple O -mechanisms O -? O - -aps B-category -A O -77 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -presented O -with O -subacute O -onset O -progressive O -confusion O -, O -aggression O -, O -auditory O -hallucinations O -and O -delusions O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -preceding O -months O -, O -the O -patient O -had O -a O -number O -of O -admissions O -with O -transient O -unilateral O -hemiparesis O -with O -facial O -droop O -, O -and O -had O -been O -started O -on O -valproate B-Chemical -for O -presumed O -hemiplegic O -migraine O -. O - -aps B-category -Valproate B-Chemical -was O -withdrawn O -soon O -after O -admission O -and O -her O -cognitive O -abilities O -have O -gradually O -improved O -over O -3 O -months O -of O -follow O -- O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -Valproate B-Chemical -levels O -taken O -prior O -to O -withdrawal O -were O -subtherapeutic O -and O -the O -patient O -was O -normoammonaemic O -. O - -aps B-category -EEG O -undertaken O -during O -inpatient O -stay O -showed O -changes O -consistent O -with O -encephalopathy O -, O -and O -low O -titre O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -( O -NMDA B-Chemical -) O -receptor O -antibodies O -were O -present O -in O -this O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -aetiologies O -of O -valproate B-Chemical -- O -induced O -encephalopathy O -and O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptor O -- O -associated O -encephalitis O -present O -a O -diagnostic O -dilemma O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -present O -a O -putative O -combinatorial O -hypothesis O -to O -explain O -this O -patient O -' O -s O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebellar O -and O -oculomotor O -dysfunction O -induced O -by O -rapid O -infusion O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pethidine B-Chemical -is O -an O -opioid O -that O -gains O -its O -popularity O -for O -the O -effective O -pain O -control O -through O -acting O -on O -the O -opioid O -- O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -rapid O -pain O -relief O -sometimes O -brings O -about O -unfavourable O -side O -effects O -that O -largely O -limit O -its O -clinical O -utility O -. O - -aps B-category -Common O -side O -effects O -include O -nausea O -, O -vomiting O -and O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -with O -impaired O -renal O -and O -liver O -function O -, O -and O -those O -who O -need O -long O -- O -term O -pain O -control O -, O -pethidine B-Chemical -may O -cause O -excitatory O -central O -nervous O -system O -( O -CNS O -) O -effects O -through O -its O -neurotoxic O -metabolite O -, O -norpethidine B-Chemical -, O -resulting O -in O -irritability O -and O -seizure O -attack O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -contrary O -, O -though O -not O -clinically O -apparent O -, O -pethidine B-Chemical -potentially O -causes O -inhibitory O -impacts O -on O -the O -CNS O -and O -impairs O -normal O -cerebellar O -and O -oculomotor O -function O -in O -the O -short O -term O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -case O -report O -, O -we O -highlight O -opioid O -' O -s O -inhibitory O -side O -effects O -on O -the O -cerebellar O -structure O -that O -causes O -dysmetria O -, O -dysarthria O -, O -reduced O -smooth O -pursuit O -gain O -and O -decreased O -saccadic O -velocity O -. O - -aps B-category -Baboon O -syndrome O -induced O -by O -ketoconazole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -27 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -male O -patient O -presented O -with O -a O -maculopapular O -eruption O -on O -the O -flexural O -areas O -and O -buttocks O -after O -using O -oral O -ketoconazole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -was O -diagnosed O -with O -drug O -- O -induced O -baboon O -syndrome O -based O -on O -his O -history O -, O -which O -included O -prior O -sensitivity O -to O -topical O -ketoconazole B-Chemical -, O -a O -physical O -examination O -, O -and O -histopathological O -findings O -. O - -aps B-category -Baboon O -syndrome O -is O -a O -drug O -- O -or O -contact O -allergen O -- O -related O -maculopapular O -eruption O -that O -typically O -involves O -the O -flexural O -and O -gluteal O -areas O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -the O -best O -of O -our O -knowledge O -, O -this O -is O -the O -first O -reported O -case O -of O -ketoconazole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -baboon O -syndrome O -in O -the O -English O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -Case O -of O -Sudden O -Cardiac O -Death O -due O -to O -Pilsicainide B-Chemical -- O -Induced O -Torsades O -de O -Pointes O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -84 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -male O -received O -oral O -pilsicainide B-Chemical -, O -a O -pure O -sodium B-Chemical -channel O -blocker O -with O -slow O -recovery O -kinetics O -, O -to O -convert O -his O -paroxysmal O -atrial O -fibrillation O -to O -a O -sinus O -rhythm O -; O -the O -patient O -developed O -sudden O -cardiac O -death O -two O -days O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Holter O -electrocardiogram O -, O -which O -was O -worn O -by O -chance O -, O -revealed O -torsade O -de O -pointes O -with O -gradually O -prolonged O -QT O -intervals O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -drug O -is O -rapidly O -absorbed O -from O -the O -gastrointestinal O -tract O -, O -and O -most O -of O -it O -is O -excreted O -from O -the O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -renal O -function O -was O -not O -highly O -impaired O -and O -the O -dose O -of O -pilsicainide B-Chemical -was O -low O -, O -the O -plasma O -concentration O -of O -pilsicainide B-Chemical -may O -have O -been O -high O -, O -which O -can O -produce O -torsades O -de O -pointes O -in O -the O -octogenarian O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -oral O -administration O -of O -class O -IC O -drugs O -, O -including O -pilsicainide B-Chemical -, O -is O -effective O -to O -terminate O -atrial O -fibrillation O -, O -careful O -consideration O -must O -be O -taken O -before O -giving O -these O -drugs O -to O -octogenarians O -. O - -aps B-category -All B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trans I-Chemical -retinoic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -induced O -inflammatory O -myositis O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -acute O -promyelocytic O -leukemia O -. O - -aps B-category -All B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trans I-Chemical -retinoic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -ATRA B-Chemical -) O -, O -a O -component O -of O -standard O -therapy O -for O -acute O -promyelocytic O -leukemia O -( O -APL O -) O -, O -is O -associated O -with O -potentially O -serious O -but O -treatable O -adverse O -effects O -involving O -numerous O -organ O -systems O -, O -including O -rare O -skeletal O -muscle O -involvement O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -a O -handful O -of O -cases O -of O -ATRA B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myositis O -in O -children O -have O -been O -reported O -, O -and O -none O -in O -the O -radiology O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -present O -such O -a O -case O -in O -a O -15 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -boy O -with O -APL O -, O -where O -recognition O -of O -imaging O -findings O -played O -a O -crucial O -role O -in O -making O -the O -diagnosis O -and O -facilitated O -prompt O -, O -effective O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Tolerability O -of O -lomustine B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -in O -dogs O -with O -lymphoma O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -retrospective O -study O -describes O -toxicity O -associated O -with O -a O -protocol O -of O -lomustine B-Chemical -( O -CCNU B-Chemical -) O -and O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -CTX B-Chemical -) O -in O -dogs O -with O -lymphoma O -. O - -aps B-category -CCNU B-Chemical -was O -administered O -per O -os O -( O -PO O -) O -at O -a O -targeted O -dosage O -of O -60 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -body O -surface O -area O -on O -day O -0 O -, O -CTX B-Chemical -was O -administered O -PO O -at O -a O -targeted O -dosage O -of O -250 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -divided O -over O -days O -0 O -through O -4 O -, O -and O -all O -dogs O -received O -prophylactic O -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -Ninety O -treatments O -were O -given O -to O -the O -57 O -dogs O -included O -in O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Neutropenia O -was O -the O -principal O -toxic O -effect O -, O -and O -the O -overall O -frequency O -of O -grade O -4 O -neutropenia O -after O -the O -first O -treatment O -of O -CCNU B-Chemical -/ O -CTX B-Chemical -was O -30 O -% O -( O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -, O -19 O -- O -43 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -body O -weight O -of O -dogs O -with O -grade O -4 O -neutropenia O -( O -19 O -. O -7 O -kg O -+ O -13 O -. O -4 O -kg O -) O -was O -significantly O -less O -than O -the O -mean O -body O -weight O -of O -dogs O -that O -did O -not O -develop O -grade O -4 O -neutropenia O -( O -31 O -. O -7 O -kg O -+ O -12 O -. O -4 O -kg O -; O -P O -= O -. O -005 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -dog O -( O -3 O -% O -) O -developed O -hematologic O -changes O -suggestive O -of O -hepatotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -dogs O -had O -evidence O -of O -either O -renal O -toxicity O -or O -hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -gastrointestinal O -effects O -were O -uncommon O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -findings O -reported O -herein O -, O -a O -dose O -of O -60 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -of O -CCNU B-Chemical -combined O -with O -250 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -of O -CTX B-Chemical -( O -divided O -over O -5 O -days O -) O -q O -4 O -wk O -is O -tolerable O -in O -tumor O -- O -bearing O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Nelarabine B-Chemical -neurotoxicity O -with O -concurrent O -intrathecal O -chemotherapy O -: O -Case O -report O -and O -review O -of O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -nelarabine B-Chemical -neurotoxicity O -in O -a O -patient O -who O -received O -concurrent O -intrathecal O -( O -IT O -) O -chemotherapy O -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -37 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -Caucasian O -woman O -with O -a O -history O -of O -T O -- O -cell O -lymphoblastic O -lymphoma O -was O -admitted O -for O -relapsed O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -was O -originally O -treated O -with O -induction O -chemotherapy O -followed O -by O -an O -autologous O -transplant O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -developed O -relapsed O -disease O -10 O -months O -later O -with O -leukemic O -involvement O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -was O -re O -- O -induced O -with O -nelarabine B-Chemical -1500 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -on O -days O -1 O -, O -3 O -, O -and O -5 O -with O -1 O -dose O -of O -IT O -cytarabine B-Chemical -100 O -mg O -on O -day O -2 O -as O -central O -nervous O -system O -( O -CNS O -) O -prophylaxis O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -time O -of O -treatment O -, O -she O -was O -on O -continuous O -renal O -replacement O -therapy O -due O -to O -sequelae O -of O -tumor O -lysis O -syndrome O -( O -TLS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -tolerated O -therapy O -well O -, O -entered O -a O -complete O -remission O -, O -and O -recovered O -her O -renal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -received O -a O -second O -cycle O -of O -nelarabine B-Chemical -without O -additional O -IT O -prophylaxis O -one O -month O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -week O -after O -this O -second O -cycle O -, O -she O -noted O -numbness O -in O -her O -lower O -extremities O -. O - -aps B-category -Predominantly O -sensory O -, O -though O -also O -motor O -and O -autonomic O -, O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -started O -in O -her O -feet O -, O -ascended O -proximally O -to O -the O -mid O -- O -thoracic O -region O -, O -and O -eventually O -included O -her O -distal O -upper O -extremities O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -magnetic O -resonance O -imaging O -( O -MRI O -) O -of O -her O -spine O -demonstrated O -changes O -from O -C2 O -to O -C6 O -consistent O -with O -subacute O -combined O -degeneration O -. O - -aps B-category -Nelarabine B-Chemical -was O -felt O -to O -be O -the O -cause O -of O -her O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Her O -neuropathy O -stabilized O -and O -showed O -slight O -improvement O -and O -ultimately O -received O -an O -unrelated O -, O -reduced O -- O -intensity O -allogeneic O -transplant O -while O -in O -complete O -remission O -, O -but O -relapsed O -disease O -10 O -weeks O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -is O -currently O -being O -treated O -with O -best O -supportive O -care O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -our O -knowledge O -, O -this O -is O -the O -first O -published O -case O -report O -of O -severe O -neurotoxicity O -caused O -by O -nelarabine B-Chemical -in O -a O -patient O -who O -received O -concurrent O -IT O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Valproate B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperammonemic O -encephalopathy O -in O -a O -renal O -transplanted O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurological O -complications O -after O -renal O -transplantation O -constitute O -an O -important O -cause O -of O -morbidity O -and O -mortality O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -differential O -diagnosis O -is O -difficult O -and O -essential O -for O -subsequent O -patient O -' O -s O -management O -. O - -aps B-category -Valproate B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperammonemic O -encephalopathy O -is O -an O -uncommon O -but O -serious O -effect O -of O -valproate B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -, O -we O -describe O -the O -case O -of O -a O -15 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -girl O -who O -was O -on O -a O -long O -- O -term O -therapy O -with O -valproate B-Chemical -due O -to O -epilepsy O -and O -revealed O -impaired O -consciousness O -with O -hyperammonemia O -12 O -days O -after O -renal O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -withdraw O -of O -valproate B-Chemical -, O -patients O -' O -symptoms O -resolved O -within O -24 O -h O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinicians O -should O -increase O -their O -awareness O -for O -potential O -complication O -of O -valproate B-Chemical -, O -especially O -in O -transplanted O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Necrotising O -fasciitis O -after O -bortezomib B-Chemical -and O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -- O -containing O -regimen O -in O -an O -elderly O -patient O -of O -Waldenstrom O -macroglobulinaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Bortezomib B-Chemical -and O -high O -- O -dose O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -- O -containing O -regimens O -are O -considered O -to O -be O -generally O -tolerable O -with O -few O -severe O -bacterial O -infections O -in O -patients O -with O -B O -- O -cell O -malignancies O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -information O -is O -limited O -concerning O -the O -safety O -of O -the O -regimen O -in O -elderly O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -a O -76 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -with O -Waldenstrom O -macroglobulinaemia O -who O -suffered O -necrotising O -fasciitis O -without O -neutropenia O -after O -the O -combination O -treatment O -with O -bortezomib B-Chemical -, O -high O -- O -dose O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -and O -rituximab O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -immediate O -intravenous O -antimicrobial O -therapy O -, O -he O -succumbed O -23 O -h O -after O -the O -onset O -. O - -aps B-category -Physicians O -should O -recognise O -the O -possibility O -of O -fatal O -bacterial O -infections O -related O -to O -bortezomib B-Chemical -plus O -high O -- O -dose O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -in O -elderly O -patients O -, O -and O -we O -believe O -this O -case O -warrants O -further O -investigation O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -integrated O -characterization O -of O -serological O -, O -pathological O -, O -and O -functional O -events O -in O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Many O -efficacious O -cancer O -treatments O -cause O -significant O -cardiac O -morbidity O -, O -yet O -biomarkers O -or O -functional O -indices O -of O -early O -damage O -, O -which O -would O -allow O -monitoring O -and O -intervention O -, O -are O -lacking O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -we O -have O -utilized O -a O -rat O -model O -of O -progressive O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -DOX B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -cardiomyopathy O -, O -applying O -multiple O -approaches O -, O -including O -cardiac O -magnetic O -resonance O -imaging O -( O -MRI O -) O -, O -to O -provide O -the O -most O -comprehensive O -characterization O -to O -date O -of O -the O -timecourse O -of O -serological O -, O -pathological O -, O -and O -functional O -events O -underlying O -this O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Hannover O -Wistar O -rats O -were O -dosed O -with O -1 O -. O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -DOX B-Chemical -weekly O -for O -8 O -weeks O -followed O -by O -a O -4 O -week O -off O -- O -dosing O -" O -recovery O -" O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Electron O -microscopy O -of O -the O -myocardium O -revealed O -subcellular O -degeneration O -and O -marked O -mitochondrial O -changes O -after O -a O -single O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Histopathological O -analysis O -revealed O -progressive O -cardiomyocyte O -degeneration O -, O -hypertrophy O -/ O -cytomegaly O -, O -and O -extensive O -vacuolation O -after O -two O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Extensive O -replacement O -fibrosis O -( O -quantified O -by O -Sirius O -red O -staining O -) O -developed O -during O -the O -off O -- O -dosing O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Functional O -indices O -assessed O -by O -cardiac O -MRI O -( O -including O -left O -ventricular O -ejection O -fraction O -( O -LVEF O -) O -, O -cardiac O -output O -, O -and O -E O -/ O -A O -ratio O -) O -declined O -progressively O -, O -reaching O -statistical O -significance O -after O -two O -doses O -and O -culminating O -in O -" O -clinical O -" O -LV O -dysfunction O -by O -12 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -increases O -in O -peak O -myocardial O -contrast O -enhancement O -and O -serological O -cardiac O -troponin O -I O -( O -cTnI O -) O -emerged O -after O -eight O -doses O -, O -importantly O -preceding O -the O -LVEF O -decline O -to O -< O -50 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Troponin O -I O -levels O -positively O -correlated O -with O -delayed O -and O -peak O -gadolinium B-Chemical -contrast O -enhancement O -, O -histopathological O -grading O -, O -and O -diastolic O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -summary O -, O -subcellular O -cardiomyocyte O -degeneration O -was O -the O -earliest O -marker O -, O -followed O -by O -progressive O -functional O -decline O -and O -histopathological O -manifestations O -. O - -aps B-category -Myocardial O -contrast O -enhancement O -and O -elevations O -in O -cTnI O -occurred O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -all O -indices O -predated O -" O -clinical O -" O -LV O -dysfunction O -and O -thus O -warrant O -further O -evaluation O -as O -predictive O -biomarkers O -. O - -aps B-category -Intradermal O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -capsaicin B-Chemical -injections O -: O -intra O -- O -and O -interindividual O -variability O -of O -provoked O -hyperalgesia O -and O -allodynia O -. O - -aps B-category -Intradermal O -injections O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -capsaicin B-Chemical -are O -attractive O -to O -use O -in O -human O -experimental O -pain O -models O -because O -hyperalgesia O -and O -allodynia O -mimic O -isolated O -aspects O -of O -clinical O -pain O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -the O -present O -study O -was O -to O -investigate O -the O -reproducibility O -of O -these O -models O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -healthy O -male O -volunteers O -( O -mean O -age O -24 O -years O -; O -range O -18 O -- O -38 O -years O -) O -received O -intradermal O -injections O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -capsaicin B-Chemical -in O -the O -volar O -forearm O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnitudes O -of O -secondary O -pinprick O -hyperalgesia O -and O -brush O -- O -evoked O -allodynia O -were O -investigated O -using O -von O -Frey O -filaments O -( O -gauges O -10 O -, O -15 O -, O -60 O -and O -100 O -g O -) O -and O -brush O -strokes O -. O - -aps B-category -Areas O -of O -secondary O -hyperalgesia O -and O -allodynia O -were O -quantified O -immediately O -after O -injection O -and O -after O -15 O -, O -30 O -and O -60 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -identical O -experiments O -separated O -by O -at O -least O -7 O -days O -were O -performed O -. O - -aps B-category -Reproducibility O -across O -and O -within O -volunteers O -( O -inter O -- O -and O -intra O -- O -individual O -variation O -, O -respectively O -) O -was O -assessed O -using O -intraclass O -correlation O -coefficient O -( O -ICC O -) O -and O -coefficient O -of O -variation O -( O -CV O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Secondary O -pinprick O -hyperalgesia O -was O -observed O -as O -a O -marked O -increase O -in O -the O -visual O -analogue O -scale O -( O -VAS O -) O -response O -to O -von O -Frey O -gauges O -60 O -and O -100 O -g O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -after O -glutamate B-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -capsaicin B-Chemical -, O -secondary O -pinprick O -hyperalgesia O -was O -detected O -with O -all O -von O -Frey O -gauges O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -evoked O -reproducible O -VAS O -response O -to O -all O -von O -Frey O -gauges O -( O -ICC O -> O -0 O -. O -60 O -) O -and O -brush O -strokes O -( O -ICC O -> O -0 O -. O -83 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Capsaicin B-Chemical -injection O -was O -reproducible O -for O -secondary O -hyperalgesia O -( O -ICC O -> O -0 O -. O -70 O -) O -and O -allodynia O -( O -ICC O -> O -0 O -. O -71 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Intra O -- O -individual O -variability O -was O -generally O -lower O -for O -the O -VAS O -response O -to O -von O -Frey O -and O -brush O -compared O -with O -areas O -of O -secondary O -hyperalgesia O -and O -allodynia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -capsaicin B-Chemical -yield O -reproducible O -hyperalgesic O -and O -allodynic O -responses O -, O -and O -the O -present O -model O -is O -well O -suited O -for O -basic O -research O -, O -as O -well O -as O -for O -assessing O -the O -modulation O -of O -central O -phenomena O -. O - -aps B-category -Ocular O -- O -specific O -ER O -stress O -reduction O -rescues O -glaucoma O -in O -murine O -glucocorticoid O -- O -induced O -glaucoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -glucocorticoids O -induces O -ocular O -hypertension O -in O -some O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -untreated O -, O -these O -patients O -can O -develop O -a O -secondary O -glaucoma O -that O -resembles O -primary O -open O -- O -angle O -glaucoma O -( O -POAG O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -underlying O -pathology O -of O -glucocorticoid O -- O -induced O -glaucoma O -is O -not O -fully O -understood O -, O -due O -in O -part O -to O -lack O -of O -an O -appropriate O -animal O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -, O -we O -developed O -a O -murine O -model O -of O -glucocorticoid O -- O -induced O -glaucoma O -that O -exhibits O -glaucoma O -features O -that O -are O -observed O -in O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -WT O -mice O -with O -topical O -ocular O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -led O -to O -elevation O -of O -intraocular O -pressure O -( O -IOP O -) O -, O -functional O -and O -structural O -loss O -of O -retinal O -ganglion O -cells O -, O -and O -axonal O -degeneration O -, O -resembling O -glucocorticoid O -- O -induced O -glaucoma O -in O -human O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ocular O -hypertension O -was O -associated O -with O -chronic O -ER O -stress O -of O -the O -trabecular O -meshwork O -( O -TM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -to O -patients O -, O -withdrawal O -of O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -treatment O -reduced O -elevated O -IOP O -and O -ER O -stress O -in O -this O -animal O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexamethasone B-Chemical -induced O -the O -transcriptional O -factor O -CHOP O -, O -a O -marker O -for O -chronic O -ER O -stress O -, O -in O -the O -anterior O -segment O -tissues O -, O -and O -Chop O -deletion O -reduced O -ER O -stress O -in O -these O -tissues O -and O -prevented O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ocular O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -reduction O -of O -ER O -stress O -in O -the O -TM O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenylbutyrate I-Chemical -prevented O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ocular O -hypertension O -in O -WT O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -data O -indicate O -that O -ER O -stress O -contributes O -to O -glucocorticoid O -- O -induced O -ocular O -hypertension O -and O -suggest O -that O -reducing O -ER O -stress O -has O -potential O -as O -a O -therapeutic O -strategy O -for O -treating O -glucocorticoid O -- O -induced O -glaucoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -ginsenosides B-Chemical -on O -opioid O -- O -induced O -hyperalgesia O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Opioid O -- O -induced O -hyperalgesia O -( O -OIH O -) O -is O -characterized O -by O -nociceptive O -sensitization O -caused O -by O -the O -cessation O -of O -chronic O -opioid O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -OIH O -can O -limit O -the O -clinical O -use O -of O -opioid O -analgesics O -and O -complicate O -withdrawal O -from O -opioid O -addiction O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -we O -investigated O -the O -effects O -of O -Re B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -Rg1 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -and I-Chemical -Rb1 I-Chemical -ginsenosides I-Chemical -, O -the O -bioactive O -components O -of O -ginseng O -, O -on O -OIH O -. O - -aps B-category -OIH O -was O -achieved O -in O -mice O -after O -subcutaneous O -administration O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -for O -7 O -consecutive O -days O -three O -times O -per O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -withdrawal O -( O -days O -8 O -and O -9 O -) O -, O -these O -mice O -were O -administered O -Re B-Chemical -, O -Rg1 B-Chemical -, O -or O -Rb1 B-Chemical -intragastrically O -two O -times O -per O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -test O -day O -( O -day O -10 O -) O -, O -mice O -were O -subjected O -to O -the O -thermal O -sensitivity O -test O -and O -the O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -induced O -writhing O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Re B-Chemical -( O -300 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -inhibited O -OIH O -in O -both O -the O -thermal O -sensitivity O -test O -and O -the O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -induced O -writhing O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -Rg1 B-Chemical -and I-Chemical -Rb1 I-Chemical -ginsenosides I-Chemical -failed O -to O -prevent O -OIH O -in O -either O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -Rg1 B-Chemical -showed O -a O -tendency O -to O -aggravate O -OIH O -in O -the O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -induced O -writhing O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -data O -suggested O -that O -the O -ginsenoside B-Chemical -Re I-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -Rg1 B-Chemical -or O -Rb1 B-Chemical -, O -may O -contribute O -toward O -reversal O -of O -OIH O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -severe O -hemodynamic O -disturbances O -between O -dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -and O -propofol B-Chemical -for O -sedation O -in O -neurocritical O -care O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -Dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -and O -propofol B-Chemical -are O -commonly O -used O -sedatives O -in O -neurocritical O -care O -as O -they O -allow O -for O -frequent O -neurologic O -examinations O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -both O -agents O -are O -associated O -with O -significant O -hemodynamic O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -primary O -objective O -of O -this O -study O -is O -to O -compare O -the O -prevalence O -of O -severe O -hemodynamic O -effects O -in O -neurocritical O -care O -patients O -receiving O -dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -and O -propofol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -Multicenter O -, O -retrospective O -, O -propensity O -- O -matched O -cohort O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -SETTING O -: O -Neurocritical O -care O -units O -at O -two O -academic O -medical O -centers O -with O -dedicated O -neurocritical O -care O -teams O -and O -board O -- O -certified O -neurointensivists O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -: O -Neurocritical O -care O -patients O -admitted O -between O -July O -2009 O -and O -September O -2012 O -were O -evaluated O -and O -then O -matched O -1 O -: O -1 O -based O -on O -propensity O -scoring O -of O -baseline O -characteristics O -. O - -aps B-category -INTERVENTIONS O -: O -Continuous O -sedation O -with O -dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -or O -propofol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -MEASUREMENTS O -AND O -MAIN O -RESULTS O -: O -A O -total O -of O -342 O -patients O -( O -105 O -dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -and O -237 O -propofol B-Chemical -) O -were O -included O -in O -the O -analysis O -, O -with O -190 O -matched O -( O -95 O -in O -each O -group O -) O -by O -propensity O -score O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -primary O -outcome O -of O -this O -study O -was O -a O -composite O -of O -severe O -hypotension O -( O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -< O -60 O -mm O -Hg O -) O -and O -bradycardia O -( O -heart O -rate O -< O -50 O -beats O -/ O -min O -) O -during O -sedative O -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -difference O -in O -the O -primary O -composite O -outcome O -in O -both O -the O -unmatched O -( O -30 O -% O -vs O -30 O -% O -, O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -94 O -) O -or O -matched O -cohorts O -( O -28 O -% O -vs O -34 O -% O -, O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -35 O -) O -could O -be O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -analyzed O -separately O -, O -no O -differences O -could O -be O -found O -in O -the O -prevalence O -of O -severe O -hypotension O -or O -bradycardia O -in O -either O -the O -unmatched O -or O -matched O -cohorts O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Severe O -hypotension O -and O -bradycardia O -occur O -at O -similar O -prevalence O -in O -neurocritical O -care O -patients O -who O -receive O -dexmedetomidine B-Chemical -or O -propofol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Providers O -should O -similarly O -consider O -the O -likelihood O -of O -hypotension O -or O -bradycardia O -before O -starting O -either O -sedative O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydroxytyrosol B-Chemical -ameliorates O -oxidative O -stress O -and O -mitochondrial O -dysfunction O -in O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -in O -rats O -with O -breast O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidative O -stress O -is O -involved O -in O -several O -processes O -including O -cancer O -, O -aging O -and O -cardiovascular O -disease O -, O -and O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -potentiate O -the O -therapeutic O -effect O -of O -drugs O -such O -as O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Doxorubicin B-Chemical -causes O -significant O -cardiotoxicity O -characterized O -by O -marked O -increases O -in O -oxidative O -stress O -and O -mitochondrial O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -Herein O -, O -we O -investigate O -whether O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -associated O -chronic O -cardiac O -toxicity O -can O -be O -ameliorated O -with O -the O -antioxidant O -hydroxytyrosol B-Chemical -in O -rats O -with O -breast O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -six O -rats O -bearing O -breast O -tumors O -induced O -chemically O -were O -divided O -into O -4 O -groups O -: O -control O -, O -hydroxytyrosol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -5days O -/ O -week O -) O -, O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -1mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -week O -) O -, O -and O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -plus O -hydroxytyrosol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -disturbances O -at O -the O -cellular O -and O -mitochondrial O -level O -, O -mitochondrial O -electron O -transport O -chain O -complexes O -I O -- O -IV O -and O -apoptosis O -- O -inducing O -factor O -, O -and O -oxidative O -stress O -markers O -have O -been O -analyzed O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydroxytyrosol B-Chemical -improved O -the O -cardiac O -disturbances O -enhanced O -by O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -by O -significantly O -reducing O -the O -percentage O -of O -altered O -mitochondria O -and O -oxidative O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -hydroxytyrosol B-Chemical -improve O -the O -mitochondrial O -electron O -transport O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -demonstrates O -that O -hydroxytyrosol B-Chemical -protect O -rat O -heart O -damage O -provoked O -by O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -decreasing O -oxidative O -damage O -and O -mitochondrial O -alterations O -. O - -aps B-category -Amiodarone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myxoedema O -coma O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -62 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -was O -found O -to O -have O -bradycardia O -, O -hypothermia O -and O -respiratory O -failure O -3 O -weeks O -after O -initiation O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -atrial O -fibrillation O -. O - -aps B-category -Thyroid O -- O -stimulating O -hormone O -was O -found O -to O -be O -168 O -uIU O -/ O -mL O -( O -nl O -. O -0 O -. O -3 O -- O -5 O -uIU O -/ O -mL O -) O -and O -free O -thyroxine B-Chemical -( O -FT4 O -) O -was O -< O -0 O -. O -2 O -ng O -/ O -dL O -( O -nl O -. O -0 O -. O -8 O -- O -1 O -. O -8 O -ng O -/ O -dL O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -received O -intravenous O -fluids O -, O -vasopressor O -therapy O -and O -stress O -dose O -steroids B-Chemical -; O -he O -was O -intubated O -and O -admitted O -to O -the O -intensive O -care O -unit O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -received O -500 O -ug O -of O -intravenous O -levothyroxine B-Chemical -in O -the O -first O -18 O -h O -of O -therapy O -, O -and O -150 O -ug O -intravenous O -daily O -thereafter O -. O - -aps B-category -Haemodynamic O -improvement O -, O -along O -with O -complete O -recovery O -of O -mental O -status O -, O -occurred O -after O -48 O -h O -. O - -aps B-category -Twelve O -hours O -after O -the O -initiation O -of O -therapy O -, O -FT4 O -was O -0 O -. O -96 O -ng O -/ O -dL O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -was O -maintained O -on O -levothyroxine B-Chemical -175 O -( O -g O -POorally O -daily O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -thyroid O -ultrasound O -showed O -diffuse O -heterogeneity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -24 O -hour O -excretion O -of O -iodine B-Chemical -was O -3657 O -( O -mcg O -( O -25 O -- O -756 O -( O -mcg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -only O -two O -cases O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myxoedema O -coma O -in O -the O -literature O -report O -patient O -death O -despite O -supportive O -therapy O -and O -thyroid O -hormone O -replacement O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -represents O -the O -most O -thoroughly O -investigated O -case O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myxoedema O -coma O -with O -a O -history O -significant O -for O -subclinical O -thyroid O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -argatroban B-Chemical -and O -catheter O -- O -directed O -thrombolysis O -with O -alteplase O -in O -an O -oncology O -patient O -with O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -with O -thrombosis O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -The O -case O -of O -an O -oncology O -patient O -who O -developed O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -with O -thrombosis O -( O -HITT O -) O -and O -was O -treated O -with O -argatroban B-Chemical -plus O -catheter O -- O -directed O -thrombolysis O -( O -CDT O -) O -with O -alteplase O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -SUMMARY O -: O -A O -63 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -Caucasian O -man O -with O -renal O -amyloidosis O -undergoing O -peripheral O -blood O -stem O -cell O -collection O -for O -an O -autologous O -stem O -cell O -transplant O -developed O -extensive O -bilateral O -upper O -- O -extremity O -deep O -venous O -thrombosis O -( O -DVT O -) O -and O -pulmonary O -embolism O -secondary O -to O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -continuous O -i O -. O -v O -. O -infusion O -of O -argatroban B-Chemical -was O -initiated O -, O -and O -the O -patient O -was O -managed O -on O -the O -general O -medical O -floor O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -one O -week O -of O -therapy O -, O -he O -was O -transferred O -to O -the O -intensive O -care O -unit O -with O -cardiopulmonary O -compromise O -related O -to O -superior O -vena O -cava O -( O -SVC O -) O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -percutaneous O -mechanical O -thrombectomy O -and O -CDT O -with O -alteplase O -were O -attempted O -, O -but O -the O -procedure O -was O -aborted O -due O -to O -epistaxis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -epistaxis O -resolved O -the O -next O -day O -, O -and O -the O -patient O -was O -restarted O -on O -argatroban B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -second O -percutaneous O -mechanical O -thrombectomy O -was O -performed O -six O -days O -later O -and O -resulted O -in O -partial O -revascularization O -of O -the O -SVC O -and O -central O -veins O -. O - -aps B-category -Postthrombectomy O -continuous O -CDT O -with O -alteplase O -was O -commenced O -while O -argatroban B-Chemical -was O -withheld O -, O -and O -complete O -patency O -of O -the O -SVC O -and O -central O -veins O -was O -achieved O -after O -three O -days O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Alteplase O -was O -discontinued O -, O -and O -the O -patient O -was O -reinitiated O -on O -argatroban B-Chemical -; O -ultimately O -, O -he O -was O -transitioned O -to O -warfarin B-Chemical -for O -long O -- O -term O -anticoagulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -patient O -recovered O -, O -he O -experienced O -permanent O -vision O -and O -hearing O -loss O -, O -as O -well O -as O -end O -- O -stage O -renal O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -A O -63 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -with O -renal O -amyloidosis O -and O -SVC O -syndrome O -secondary O -to O -HITT O -was O -successfully O -treated O -with O -argatroban B-Chemical -and O -CDT O -with O -alteplase O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical -in O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -schizophrenia O -models O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -examine O -the O -effects O -of O -dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical -( O -DHEA B-Chemical -) O -on O -animal O -models O -of O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Seventy O -Swiss O -albino O -female O -mice O -( O -25 O -- O -35 O -g O -) O -were O -divided O -into O -4 O -groups O -: O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -free O -( O -control O -) O -, O -amphetamine B-Chemical -, O -50 O -, O -and O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -DHEA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -DHEA B-Chemical -was O -administered O -intraperitoneally O -( O -ip O -) O -for O -5 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Amphetamine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -ip O -) O -induced O -hyper O -locomotion O -, O -apomorphine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -subcutaneously O -[ O -sc O -] O -) O -induced O -climbing O -, O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -sc O -) O -induced O -catalepsy O -tests O -were O -used O -as O -animal O -models O -of O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -was O -conducted O -at O -the O -Animal O -Experiment O -Laboratories O -, O -Department O -of O -Pharmacology O -, O -Medical O -School O -, O -Eskisehir O -Osmangazi O -University O -, O -Eskisehir O -, O -Turkey O -between O -March O -and O -May O -2012 O -. O - -aps B-category -Statistical O -analysis O -was O -carried O -out O -using O -Kruskal O -- O -Wallis O -test O -for O -hyper O -locomotion O -, O -and O -one O -- O -way O -ANOVA O -for O -climbing O -and O -catalepsy O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -In O -the O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -locomotion O -test O -, O -there O -were O -significant O -increases O -in O -all O -movements O -compared O -with O -the O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -free O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -DHEA B-Chemical -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -and O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -significantly O -decreased O -all O -movements O -compared O -with O -the O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -locomotion O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -significant O -difference O -between O -groups O -in O -the O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -test O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -significant O -difference O -between O -groups O -in O -terms O -of O -total O -climbing O -time O -in O -the O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -climbing O -test O -( O -p O -> O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -We O -observed O -that O -DHEA B-Chemical -reduced O -locomotor O -activity O -and O -increased O -catalepsy O -at O -both O -doses O -, O -while O -it O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -climbing O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -that O -DHEA B-Chemical -displays O -typical O -neuroleptic O -- O -like O -effects O -, O -and O -may O -be O -used O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Availability O -of O -human O -induced O -pluripotent O -stem O -cell O -- O -derived O -cardiomyocytes O -in O -assessment O -of O -drug O -potential O -for O -QT O -prolongation O -. O - -aps B-category -Field O -potential O -duration O -( O -FPD O -) O -in O -human O -- O -induced O -pluripotent O -stem O -cell O -- O -derived O -cardiomyocytes O -( O -hiPS O -- O -CMs O -) O -, O -which O -can O -express O -QT O -interval O -in O -an O -electrocardiogram O -, O -is O -reported O -to O -be O -a O -useful O -tool O -to O -predict O -K B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -channel O -and O -Ca B-Chemical -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -channel O -blocker O -effects O -on O -QT O -interval O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -there O -is O -no O -report O -showing O -that O -this O -technique O -can O -be O -used O -to O -predict O -multichannel O -blocker O -potential O -for O -QT O -prolongation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -is O -to O -show O -that O -FPD O -from O -MEA O -( O -Multielectrode O -array O -) O -of O -hiPS O -- O -CMs O -can O -detect O -QT O -prolongation O -induced O -by O -multichannel O -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -hiPS O -- O -CMs O -were O -seeded O -onto O -MEA O -and O -FPD O -was O -measured O -for O -2min O -every O -10min O -for O -30min O -after O -drug O -exposure O -for O -the O -vehicle O -and O -each O -drug O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -IKr O -and O -IKs O -blockers O -concentration O -- O -dependently O -prolonged O -corrected O -FPD O -( O -FPDc O -) O -, O -whereas O -Ca B-Chemical -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -channel O -blockers O -concentration O -- O -dependently O -shortened O -FPDc O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -the O -multichannel O -blockers O -Amiodarone B-Chemical -, O -Paroxetine B-Chemical -, O -Terfenadine B-Chemical -and O -Citalopram B-Chemical -prolonged O -FPDc O -in O -a O -concentration O -dependent O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -the O -IKr O -blockers O -, O -Terfenadine B-Chemical -and O -Citalopram B-Chemical -, O -which O -are O -reported O -to O -cause O -Torsade O -de O -Pointes O -( O -TdP O -) O -in O -clinical O -practice O -, O -produced O -early O -afterdepolarization O -( O -EAD O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -hiPS O -- O -CMs O -using O -MEA O -system O -and O -FPDc O -can O -predict O -the O -effects O -of O -drug O -candidates O -on O -QT O -interval O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -also O -shows O -that O -this O -assay O -can O -help O -detect O -EAD O -for O -drugs O -with O -TdP O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -Dermal O -developmental O -toxicity O -of O -N O -- O -phenylimide O -herbicides O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -53482 I-Chemical -and O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -23121 I-Chemical -are O -N O -- O -phenylimide O -herbicides O -and O -produced O -embryolethality O -, O -teratogenicity O -( O -mainly O -ventricular O -septal O -defects O -and O -wavy O -ribs O -) O -, O -and O -growth O -retardation O -in O -rats O -in O -conventional O -oral O -developmental O -toxicity O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -objective O -in O -this O -study O -was O -to O -investigate O -whether O -the O -compounds O -induce O -developmental O -toxicity O -via O -the O -dermal O -route O -, O -which O -is O -more O -relevant O -to O -occupational O -exposure O -, O -hence O -better O -addressing O -human O -health O -risks O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -53482 I-Chemical -was O -administered O -dermally O -to O -rats O -at O -30 O -, O -100 O -, O -and O -300 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -during O -organogenesis O -, O -and O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -23121 I-Chemical -was O -administered O -at O -200 O -, O -400 O -, O -and O -800 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -( O -the O -maximum O -applicable O -dose O -level O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Fetuses O -were O -obtained O -by O -a O -Cesarean O -section O -and O -examined O -for O -external O -, O -visceral O -, O -and O -skeletal O -alterations O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Dermal O -exposure O -of O -rats O -to O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -53482 I-Chemical -at O -300 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -produced O -patterns O -of O -developmental O -toxicity O -similar O -to O -those O -resulting O -from O -oral O -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxicity O -included O -embryolethality O -, O -teratogenicity O -, O -and O -growth O -retardation O -. O - -aps B-category -Dermal O -administration O -of O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -23121 I-Chemical -at O -800 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -resulted O -in O -an O -increased O -incidence O -of O -embryonic O -death O -and O -ventricular O -septal O -defect O -, O -but O -retarded O -fetal O -growth O -was O -not O -observed O -as O -it O -was O -following O -oral O -exposure O -to O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -23121 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Based O -on O -the O -results O -, O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -53482 I-Chemical -and O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -23121 I-Chemical -were O -teratogenic O -when O -administered O -dermally O -to O -pregnant O -rats O -as O -were O -the O -compounds O -administered O -orally O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -investigation O -of O -the O -mechanism O -and O -its O -human O -relevancy O -become O -more O -important O -. O - -aps B-category -Rates O -of O -Renal O -Toxicity O -in O -Cancer O -Patients O -Receiving O -Cisplatin B-Chemical -With O -and O -Without O -Mannitol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Cisplatin B-Chemical -is O -a O -widely O -used O -antineoplastic O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -the O -major O -complications O -of O -cisplatin B-Chemical -use O -is O -dose O -- O -limiting O -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -many O -strategies O -to O -prevent O -this O -toxicity O -, O -including O -the O -use O -of O -mannitol B-Chemical -as O -a O -nephroprotectant O -in O -combination O -with O -hydration O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -We O -aimed O -to O -evaluate O -the O -rates O -of O -cisplatin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrotoxicity O -in O -cancer O -patients O -receiving O -single O -- O -agent O -cisplatin B-Chemical -with O -and O -without O -mannitol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -This O -single O -- O -center O -retrospective O -analysis O -was O -a O -quasi O -experiment O -created O -by O -the O -national O -mannitol B-Chemical -shortage O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -were O -collected O -on O -adult O -cancer O -patients O -receiving O -single O -- O -agent O -cisplatin B-Chemical -as O -an O -outpatient O -from O -January O -2011 O -to O -September O -2012 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -primary O -outcome O -was O -acute O -kidney O -injury O -( O -AKI O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -We O -evaluated O -143 O -patients O -who O -received O -single O -- O -agent O -cisplatin B-Chemical -; O -97 O -. O -2 O -% O -of O -patients O -had O -head O -and O -neck O -cancer O -as O -their O -primary O -malignancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -who O -did O -not O -receive O -mannitol B-Chemical -were O -more O -likely O -to O -develop O -nephrotoxicity O -: O -odds O -ratio O -[ O -OR O -] O -= O -2 O -. O -646 O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -= O -1 O -. O -008 O -, O -6 O -. O -944 O -; O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -048 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -who O -received O -the O -100 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -dosing O -and O -patients O -who O -had O -a O -history O -of O -hypertension O -also O -had O -a O -higher O -likelihood O -of O -developing O -nephrotoxicity O -: O -OR O -= O -11 O -. O -494 O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -= O -4 O -. O -149 O -, O -32 O -. O -258 O -; O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -0001 O -) O -and O -OR O -= O -3 O -. O -219 O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -= O -1 O -. O -228 O -, O -8 O -. O -439 O -; O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -017 O -) O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -When O -limited O -quantities O -of O -mannitol B-Chemical -are O -available O -, O -it O -should O -preferentially O -be O -given O -to O -patients O -at O -particularly O -high O -risk O -of O -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -analysis O -suggests O -that O -those O -patients O -receiving O -the O -dosing O -schedule O -of O -100 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -cisplatin B-Chemical -every O -3 O -weeks O -and O -those O -with O -hypertension O -are O -at O -the O -greatest O -risk O -of O -nephrotoxicity O -and O -would O -benefit O -from O -the O -addition O -of O -mannitol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Metformin B-Chemical -protects O -against O -seizures O -, O -learning O -and O -memory O -impairments O -and O -oxidative O -damage O -induced O -by O -pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -kindling O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Cognitive O -impairment O -, O -the O -most O -common O -and O -severe O -comorbidity O -of O -epilepsy O -, O -greatly O -diminishes O -the O -quality O -of O -life O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -current O -therapeutic O -interventions O -for O -epilepsy O -can O -also O -cause O -untoward O -cognitive O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -there O -is O -an O -urgent O -need O -for O -new O -kinds O -of O -agents O -targeting O -both O -seizures O -and O -cognition O -deficits O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidative O -stress O -is O -considered O -to O -play O -an O -important O -role O -in O -epileptogenesis O -and O -cognitive O -deficits O -, O -and O -antioxidants O -have O -a O -putative O -antiepileptic O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -Metformin B-Chemical -, O -the O -most O -commonly O -prescribed O -antidiabetic O -oral O -drug O -, O -has O -antioxidant O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -evaluate O -the O -ameliorative O -effects O -of O -metformin B-Chemical -on O -seizures O -, O -cognitive O -impairment O -and O -brain O -oxidative O -stress O -markers O -observed O -in O -pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -kindling O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -C57BL O -/ O -6 O -mice O -were O -administered O -with O -subconvulsive O -dose O -of O -pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical -( O -37 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -every O -other O -day O -for O -14 O -injections O -. O - -aps B-category -Metformin B-Chemical -was O -injected O -intraperitoneally O -in O -dose O -of O -200mg O -/ O -kg O -along O -with O -alternate O -- O -day O -PTZ B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -that O -metformin B-Chemical -suppressed O -the O -progression O -of O -kindling O -, O -ameliorated O -the O -cognitive O -impairment O -and O -decreased O -brain O -oxidative O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -the O -present O -study O -concluded O -that O -metformin B-Chemical -may O -be O -a O -potential O -agent O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -epilepsy O -as O -well O -as O -a O -protective O -medicine O -against O -cognitive O -impairment O -induced O -by O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -P53 O -inhibition O -exacerbates O -late O -- O -stage O -anthracycline B-Chemical -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -AIMS O -: O -Doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -DOX B-Chemical -) O -is O -an O -effective O -anti O -- O -cancer O -therapeutic O -, O -but O -is O -associated O -with O -both O -acute O -and O -late O -- O -stage O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Children O -are O -particularly O -sensitive O -to O -DOX B-Chemical -- O -induced O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -, O -the O -impact O -of O -p53 O -inhibition O -on O -acute O -vs O -. O -late O -- O -stage O -DOX B-Chemical -cardiotoxicity O -was O -examined O -in O -a O -juvenile O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -AND O -RESULTS O -: O -Two O -- O -week O -- O -old O -MHC O -- O -CB7 O -mice O -( O -which O -express O -dominant O -- O -interfering O -p53 O -in O -cardiomyocytes O -) O -and O -their O -non O -- O -transgenic O -( O -NON O -- O -TXG O -) O -littermates O -received O -weekly O -DOX B-Chemical -injections O -for O -5 O -weeks O -( O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -cumulative O -dose O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -week O -after O -the O -last O -DOX B-Chemical -treatment O -( O -acute O -stage O -) O -, O -MHC O -- O -CB7 O -mice O -exhibited O -improved O -cardiac O -function O -and O -lower O -levels O -of O -cardiomyocyte O -apoptosis O -when O -compared O -with O -the O -NON O -- O -TXG O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Surprisingly O -, O -by O -13 O -weeks O -following O -the O -last O -DOX B-Chemical -treatment O -( O -late O -stage O -) O -, O -MHC O -- O -CB7 O -exhibited O -a O -progressive O -decrease O -in O -cardiac O -function O -and O -higher O -rates O -of O -cardiomyocyte O -apoptosis O -when O -compared O -with O -NON O -- O -TXG O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -p53 O -inhibition O -blocked O -transient O -DOX B-Chemical -- O -induced O -STAT3 O -activation O -in O -MHC O -- O -CB7 O -mice O -, O -which O -was O -associated O -with O -enhanced O -induction O -of O -the O -DNA O -repair O -proteins O -Ku70 O -and O -Ku80 O -. O - -aps B-category -Mice O -with O -cardiomyocyte O -- O -restricted O -deletion O -of O -STAT3 O -exhibited O -worse O -cardiac O -function O -, O -higher O -levels O -of O -cardiomyocyte O -apoptosis O -, O -and O -a O -greater O -induction O -of O -Ku70 O -and O -Ku80 O -in O -response O -to O -DOX B-Chemical -treatment O -during O -the O -acute O -stage O -when O -compared O -with O -control O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -These O -data O -support O -a O -model O -wherein O -a O -p53 O -- O -dependent O -cardioprotective O -pathway O -, O -mediated O -via O -STAT3 O -activation O -, O -mitigates O -DOX B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -stress O -during O -drug O -delivery O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -these O -data O -suggest O -an O -explanation O -as O -to O -how O -p53 O -inhibition O -can O -result O -in O -cardioprotection O -during O -drug O -treatment O -and O -, O -paradoxically O -, O -enhanced O -cardiotoxicity O -long O -after O -the O -cessation O -of O -drug O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Metronidazole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -encephalopathy O -: O -an O -uncommon O -scenario O -. O - -aps B-category -Metronidazole B-Chemical -can O -produce O -neurological O -complications O -although O -it O -is O -not O -a O -common O -scenario O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -present O -a O -case O -where O -a O -patient O -developed O -features O -of O -encephalopathy O -following O -prolonged O -metronidazole B-Chemical -intake O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnetic O -resonance O -imaging O -( O -MRI O -) O -brain O -showed O -abnormal O -signal O -intensity O -involving O -both O -dentate O -nuclei O -of O -cerebellum O -and O -splenium O -of O -corpus O -callosum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diagnosis O -of O -metronidazole B-Chemical -toxicity O -was O -made O -by O -the O -MRI O -findings O -and O -supported O -clinically O -. O - -aps B-category -Aconitine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -Ca2 B-Chemical -+ O -overload O -causes O -arrhythmia O -and O -triggers O -apoptosis O -through O -p38 O -MAPK O -signaling O -pathway O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Aconitine B-Chemical -is O -a O -major O -bioactive O -diterpenoid O -alkaloid O -with O -high O -content O -derived O -from O -herbal O -aconitum O -plants O -. O - -aps B-category -Emerging O -evidence O -indicates O -that O -voltage O -- O -dependent O -Na B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -channels O -have O -pivotal O -roles O -in O -the O -cardiotoxicity O -of O -aconitine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -no O -reports O -are O -available O -on O -the O -role O -of O -Ca B-Chemical -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -in O -aconitine B-Chemical -poisoning O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -we O -explored O -the O -importance O -of O -pathological O -Ca B-Chemical -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -signaling O -in O -aconitine B-Chemical -poisoning O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -that O -Ca B-Chemical -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -overload O -lead O -to O -accelerated O -beating O -rhythm O -in O -adult O -rat O -ventricular O -myocytes O -and O -caused O -arrhythmia O -in O -conscious O -freely O -moving O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -investigate O -effects O -of O -aconitine B-Chemical -on O -myocardial O -injury O -, O -we O -performed O -cytotoxicity O -assay O -in O -neonatal O -rat O -ventricular O -myocytes O -( O -NRVMs O -) O -, O -as O -well O -as O -measured O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -level O -in O -the O -culture O -medium O -of O -NRVMs O -and O -activities O -of O -serum O -cardiac O -enzymes O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -showed O -that O -aconitine B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -myocardial O -injury O -and O -reduced O -NRVMs O -viability O -dose O -- O -dependently O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -confirm O -the O -pro O -- O -apoptotic O -effects O -, O -we O -performed O -flow O -cytometric O -detection O -, O -cardiac O -histology O -, O -transmission O -electron O -microscopy O -and O -terminal O -deoxynucleotidyl O -transferase O -- O -mediated O -dUTP B-Chemical -- O -biotin B-Chemical -nick O -end O -labeling O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -showed O -that O -aconitine B-Chemical -stimulated O -apoptosis O -time O -- O -dependently O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -expression O -analysis O -of O -Ca B-Chemical -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -handling O -proteins O -demonstrated O -that O -aconitine B-Chemical -promoted O -Ca B-Chemical -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -overload O -through O -the O -expression O -regulation O -of O -Ca B-Chemical -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -handling O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -expression O -analysis O -of O -apoptosis O -- O -related O -proteins O -revealed O -that O -pro O -- O -apoptotic O -protein O -expression O -was O -upregulated O -, O -and O -anti O -- O -apoptotic O -protein O -BCL O -- O -2 O -expression O -was O -downregulated O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -increased O -phosphorylation O -of O -MAPK O -family O -members O -, O -especially O -the O -P O -- O -P38 O -/ O -P38 O -ratio O -was O -found O -in O -cardiac O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Hence O -, O -our O -results O -suggest O -that O -aconitine B-Chemical -significantly O -aggravates O -Ca B-Chemical -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -overload O -and O -causes O -arrhythmia O -and O -finally O -promotes O -apoptotic O -development O -via O -phosphorylation O -of O -P38 O -mitogen O -- O -activated O -protein O -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -treatment O -with O -metformin B-Chemical -suppresses O -toll O -- O -like O -receptor O -4 O -signaling O -and O -attenuates O -left O -ventricular O -dysfunction O -following O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -treatment O -with O -metformin B-Chemical -has O -a O -protective O -effect O -in O -myocardial O -infarction O -by O -suppression O -of O -inflammatory O -responses O -due O -to O -activation O -of O -AMP B-Chemical -- O -activated O -protein O -kinase O -( O -AMPK O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -chronic O -pre O -- O -treatment O -with O -metformin B-Chemical -on O -cardiac O -dysfunction O -and O -toll O -- O -like O -receptor O -4 O -( O -TLR4 O -) O -activities O -following O -myocardial O -infarction O -and O -their O -relation O -with O -AMPK O -were O -assessed O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -Wistar O -rats O -were O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -one O -of O -5 O -groups O -( O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -: O -normal O -control O -and O -groups O -were O -injected O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -after O -chronic O -pre O -- O -treatment O -with O -0 O -, O -25 O -, O -50 O -, O -or O -100mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -metformin B-Chemical -twice O -daily O -for O -14 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -100mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -was O -injected O -subcutaneously O -on O -the O -13th O -and O -14th O -days O -to O -induce O -acute O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -alone O -decreased O -left O -ventricular O -systolic O -pressure O -and O -myocardial O -contractility O -indexed O -as O -LVdp O -/ O -dtmax O -and O -LVdp O -/ O -dtmin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -left O -ventricular O -dysfunction O -was O -significantly O -lower O -in O -the O -groups O -treated O -with O -25 O -and O -50mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -metformin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Metfromin O -markedly O -lowered O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -elevation O -in O -the O -levels O -of O -TLR4 O -mRNA O -, O -myeloid O -differentiation O -protein O -88 O -( O -MyD88 O -) O -, O -tumor O -necrosis O -factor O -- O -alpha O -( O -TNF O -- O -a O -) O -, O -and O -interleukin O -6 O -( O -IL O -- O -6 O -) O -in O -the O -heart O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -changes O -were O -also O -seen O -in O -the O -serum O -levels O -of O -TNF O -- O -a O -and O -IL O -- O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -lower O -doses O -of O -25 O -and O -50mg O -/ O -kg O -were O -more O -effective O -than O -100mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphorylated O -AMPKa O -( O -p O -- O -AMPK O -) O -in O -the O -myocardium O -was O -significantly O -elevated O -by O -25mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -metformin B-Chemical -, O -slightly O -by O -50mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -but O -not O -by O -100mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -pre O -- O -treatment O -with O -metformin B-Chemical -reduces O -post O -- O -myocardial O -infarction O -cardiac O -dysfunction O -and O -suppresses O -inflammatory O -responses O -, O -possibly O -through O -inhibition O -of O -TLR4 O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -mechanism O -can O -be O -considered O -as O -a O -target O -to O -protect O -infarcted O -myocardium O -. O - -aps B-category -Unusual O -complications O -of O -antithyroid O -drug O -therapy O -: O -four O -case O -reports O -and O -review O -of O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -cases O -of O -propylthiouracil B-Chemical -- O -associated O -acute O -hepatitis O -, O -one O -case O -of O -fatal O -methimazole B-Chemical -- O -associated O -hepatocellular O -necrosis O -and O -one O -case O -of O -propylthiouracil B-Chemical -- O -associated O -lupus O -- O -like O -syndrome O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -literature O -related O -to O -antithyroid O -drug O -side O -effects O -and O -the O -mechanisms O -for O -their O -occurrence O -are O -reviewed O -and O -the O -efficacy O -and O -complications O -of O -thyroidectomy O -and O -radioiodine O -compared O -to O -those O -of O -antithyroid O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -in O -most O -circumstances O -131I O -is O -the O -therapy O -of O -choice O -for O -hyperthyroidism O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic O -malignant O -syndrome O -induced O -by O -combination O -therapy O -with O -tetrabenazine B-Chemical -and O -tiapride B-Chemical -in O -a O -Japanese O -patient O -with O -Huntington O -' O -s O -disease O -at O -the O -terminal O -stage O -of O -recurrent O -breast O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -herein O -describe O -the O -case O -of O -an O -81 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -Japanese O -woman O -with O -neuroleptic O -malignant O -syndrome O -that O -occurred O -36 O -days O -after O -the O -initiation O -of O -combination O -therapy O -with O -tiapride B-Chemical -( O -75 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -and O -tetrabenazine B-Chemical -( O -12 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -for O -Huntington O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -had O -been O -treated O -with O -tiapride B-Chemical -or O -tetrabenazine B-Chemical -alone O -without O -any O -adverse O -effects O -before O -the O -administration O -of O -the O -combination O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -also O -had O -advanced O -breast O -cancer O -when O -the O -combination O -therapy O -was O -initiated O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -the O -best O -of O -our O -knowledge O -, O -the O -occurrence O -of O -neuroleptic O -malignant O -syndrome O -due O -to O -combination O -therapy O -with O -tetrabenazine B-Chemical -and O -tiapride B-Chemical -has O -not O -been O -previously O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Tetrabenazine B-Chemical -should O -be O -administered O -very O -carefully O -in O -combination O -with O -other O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -, O -particularly O -in O -patients O -with O -a O -worsening O -general O -condition O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -metoprolol B-Chemical -- O -terbinafine B-Chemical -combination O -induced O -bradycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -report O -a O -sinus O -bradycardia O -induced O -by O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -terbinafine B-Chemical -drug O -- O -drug O -interaction O -and O -its O -management O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -63 O -year O -- O -old O -Caucasian O -man O -on O -metoprolol B-Chemical -200 O -mg O -/ O -day O -for O -stable O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -was O -prescribed O -a O -90 O -- O -day O -course O -of O -oral O -terbinafine B-Chemical -250 O -mg O -/ O -day O -for O -onychomycosis O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -49th O -day O -of O -terbinafine B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -he O -was O -brought O -to O -the O -emergency O -room O -for O -a O -decrease O -of O -his O -global O -health O -status O -, O -confusion O -and O -falls O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -electrocardiogram O -revealed O -a O -37 O -beats O -/ O -min O -sinus O -bradycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -score O -of O -7 O -on O -the O -Naranjo O -adverse O -drug O -reaction O -probability O -scale O -indicates O -a O -probable O -relationship O -between O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -sinus O -bradycardia O -and O -the O -drug O -interaction O -between O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -terbinafine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heart O -rate O -ameliorated O -first O -with O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -dose O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -subsequently O -changed O -to O -bisoprolol B-Chemical -and O -the O -heart O -rate O -remained O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -inhibiting O -the O -cytochrome O -P450 O -2D6 O -, O -terbinafine B-Chemical -had O -decreased O -metoprolol B-Chemical -' O -s O -clearance O -, O -leading O -in O -metoprolol B-Chemical -accumulation O -which O -has O -resulted O -in O -clinically O -significant O -sinus O -bradycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -Optochiasmatic O -and O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -due O -to O -ethambutol B-Chemical -overtreatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethambutol B-Chemical -is O -known O -to O -cause O -optic O -neuropathy O -and O -, O -more O -rarely O -, O -axonal O -polyneuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -characterize O -the O -clinical O -, O -neurophysiological O -, O -and O -neuroimaging O -findings O -in O -a O -72 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -who O -developed O -visual O -loss O -and O -paresthesias O -after O -11 O -weeks O -of O -exposure O -to O -a O -supratherapeutic O -dose O -of O -ethambutol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -demonstrates O -the O -selective O -vulnerability O -of O -the O -anterior O -visual O -pathways O -and O -peripheral O -nerves O -to O -ethambutol B-Chemical -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -ameliorates O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -memory O -impairment O -in O -male O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -AIM O -: O -To O -study O -the O -effects O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -on O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -( O -STZ B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -memory O -impairment O -in O -male O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Adult O -male O -Wistar O -rats O -were O -intracerebroventricularly O -( O -icv O -) O -infused O -with O -STZ B-Chemical -( O -750 O -ug O -) O -on O -d O -1 O -and O -d O -3 O -, O -and O -a O -passive O -avoidance O -task O -was O -assessed O -2 O -weeks O -after O -the O -first O -injection O -of O -STZ B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Castration O -surgery O -was O -performed O -in O -another O -group O -of O -rats O -, O -and O -the O -passive O -avoidance O -task O -was O -assessed O -4 O -weeks O -after O -the O -operation O -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -. O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -. O -d O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -, O -sc O -) O -, O -the O -androgen B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonist O -flutamide B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -. O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -. O -d O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -, O -ip O -) O -, O -the O -estrogen B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonist O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -. O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -. O -d O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -, O -ip O -) O -or O -the O -aromatase O -inhibitor O -letrozole B-Chemical -( O -4 O -mg O -. O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -. O -d O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -, O -ip O -) O -were O -administered O -for O -6 O -d O -after O -the O -first O -injection O -of O -STZ B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -STZ B-Chemical -administration O -and O -castration O -markedly O -decreased O -both O -STL1 O -( O -the O -short O -memory O -) O -and O -STL2 O -( O -the O -long O -memory O -) O -in O -passive O -avoidance O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -replacement O -almost O -restored O -the O -STL1 O -and O -STL2 O -in O -castrated O -rats O -, O -and O -significantly O -prolonged O -the O -STL1 O -and O -STL2 O -in O -STZ B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -flutamide B-Chemical -, O -letrozole B-Chemical -or O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -significantly O -impaired O -the O -memory O -in O -intact O -rats O -, O -and O -significantly O -attenuated O -the O -testosterone B-Chemical -replacement O -in O -improving O -STZ B-Chemical -- O -and O -castration O -- O -induced O -memory O -impairment O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Testosterone B-Chemical -administration O -ameliorates O -STZ B-Chemical -- O -and O -castration O -- O -induced O -memory O -impairment O -in O -male O -Wistar O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Behavioral O -and O -neurochemical O -studies O -in O -mice O -pretreated O -with O -garcinielliptone B-Chemical -FC I-Chemical -in O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Garcinielliptone B-Chemical -FC I-Chemical -( O -GFC B-Chemical -) O -isolated O -from O -hexanic O -fraction O -seed O -extract O -of O -species O -Platonia O -insignis O -Mart O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -widely O -used O -in O -folk O -medicine O -to O -treat O -skin O -diseases O -in O -both O -humans O -and O -animals O -as O -well O -as O -the O -seed O -decoction O -has O -been O -used O -to O -treat O -diarrheas O -and O -inflammatory O -diseases O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -there O -is O -no O -research O -on O -GFC B-Chemical -effects O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -of O -rodents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -aimed O -to O -evaluate O -the O -GFC B-Chemical -effects O -at O -doses O -of O -25 O -, O -50 O -or O -75 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -on O -seizure O -parameters O -to O -determine O -their O -anticonvulsant O -activity O -and O -its O -effects O -on O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -r B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -, O -glutamine B-Chemical -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -) O -levels O -as O -well O -as O -on O -acetylcholinesterase O -( O -AChE O -) O -activity O -in O -mice O -hippocampus O -after O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -GFC B-Chemical -produced O -an O -increased O -latency O -to O -first O -seizure O -, O -at O -doses O -25mg O -/ O -kg O -( O -20 O -. O -12 O -+ O -2 O -. O -20 O -min O -) O -, O -50mg O -/ O -kg O -( O -20 O -. O -95 O -+ O -2 O -. O -21 O -min O -) O -or O -75 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -( O -23 O -. O -43 O -+ O -1 O -. O -99 O -min O -) O -when O -compared O -with O -seized O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -GABA B-Chemical -content O -of O -mice O -hippocampus O -treated O -with O -GFC75 O -plus O -P400 O -showed O -an O -increase O -of O -46 O -. O -90 O -% O -when O -compared O -with O -seized O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -aspartate B-Chemical -, O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -levels O -detected O -a O -decrease O -of O -5 O -. O -21 O -% O -, O -13 O -. O -55 O -% O -and O -21 O -. O -80 O -% O -, O -respectively O -in O -mice O -hippocampus O -treated O -with O -GFC75 O -plus O -P400 O -when O -compared O -with O -seized O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Hippocampus O -mice O -treated O -with O -GFC75 O -plus O -P400 O -showed O -an O -increase O -in O -AChE O -activity O -( O -63 O -. O -30 O -% O -) O -when O -compared O -with O -seized O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -GFC B-Chemical -can O -exert O -anticonvulsant O -activity O -and O -reduce O -the O -frequency O -of O -installation O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -status O -epilepticus O -, O -as O -demonstrated O -by O -increase O -in O -latency O -to O -first O -seizure O -and O -decrease O -in O -mortality O -rate O -of O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -our O -data O -suggest O -that O -GFC B-Chemical -may O -influence O -in O -epileptogenesis O -and O -promote O -anticonvulsant O -actions O -in O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -model O -by O -modulating O -the O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -contents O -and O -of O -AChE O -activity O -in O -seized O -mice O -hippocampus O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -compound O -may O -be O -useful O -to O -produce O -neuronal O -protection O -and O -it O -can O -be O -considered O -as O -an O -anticonvulsant O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Standard O -operating O -procedures O -for O -antibiotic O -therapy O -and O -the O -occurrence O -of O -acute O -kidney O -injury O -: O -a O -prospective O -, O -clinical O -, O -non O -- O -interventional O -, O -observational O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -INTRODUCTION O -: O -Acute O -kidney O -injury O -( O -AKI O -) O -occurs O -in O -7 O -% O -of O -hospitalized O -and O -66 O -% O -of O -Intensive O -Care O -Unit O -( O -ICU O -) O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -increases O -mortality O -, O -hospital O -length O -of O -stay O -, O -and O -costs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -investigate O -, O -whether O -there O -is O -an O -association O -between O -adherence O -to O -guidelines O -( O -standard O -operating O -procedures O -( O -SOP O -) O -) O -for O -potentially O -nephrotoxic O -antibiotics O -and O -the O -occurrence O -of O -AKI O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -This O -study O -was O -carried O -out O -as O -a O -prospective O -, O -clinical O -, O -non O -- O -interventional O -, O -observational O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -collection O -was O -performed O -over O -a O -total O -of O -170 O -days O -in O -three O -ICUs O -at O -Charite O -- O -Universitaetsmedizin O -Berlin O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -675 O -patients O -were O -included O -; O -163 O -of O -these O -had O -therapy O -with O -vancomycin B-Chemical -, O -gentamicin B-Chemical -, O -or O -tobramycin B-Chemical -; O -were O -> O -18 O -years O -; O -and O -treated O -in O -the O -ICU O -for O -> O -24 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -an O -adherence O -to O -SOP O -> O -70 O -% O -were O -classified O -into O -the O -high O -adherence O -group O -( O -HAG O -) O -and O -patients O -with O -an O -adherence O -of O -< O -70 O -% O -into O -the O -low O -adherence O -group O -( O -LAG O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -AKI O -was O -defined O -according O -to O -RIFLE O -criteria O -. O - -aps B-category -Adherence O -to O -SOPs O -was O -evaluated O -by O -retrospective O -expert O -audit O -. O - -aps B-category -Development O -of O -AKI O -was O -compared O -between O -groups O -with O -exact O -Chi2 O -- O -test O -and O -multivariate O -logistic O -regression O -analysis O -( O -two O -- O -sided O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -LAG O -consisted O -of O -75 O -patients O -( O -46 O -% O -) O -versus O -88 O -HAG O -patients O -( O -54 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -AKI O -occurred O -significantly O -more O -often O -in O -LAG O -with O -36 O -% O -versus O -21 O -% O -in O -HAG O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -035 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Basic O -characteristics O -were O -comparable O -, O -except O -an O -increased O -rate O -of O -soft O -tissue O -infections O -in O -LAG O -. O - -aps B-category -Multivariate O -analysis O -revealed O -an O -odds O -ratio O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -- O -fold O -for O -LAG O -to O -develop O -AKI O -compared O -with O -HAG O -( O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -1 O -. O -195 O -to O -5 O -. O -124 O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -039 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Low O -adherence O -to O -SOPs O -for O -potentially O -nephrotoxic O -antibiotics O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -higher O -occurrence O -of O -AKI O -. O - -aps B-category -TRIAL O -REGISTRATION O -: O -Current O -Controlled O -Trials O -ISRCTN54598675 O -. O - -aps B-category -Registered O -17 O -August O -2007 O -. O - -aps B-category -Rhabdomyolysis O -in O -a O -hepatitis O -C O -virus O -infected O -patient O -treated O -with O -telaprevir B-Chemical -and O -simvastatin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -46 O -- O -year O -old O -man O -with O -a O -chronic O -hepatitis O -C O -virus O -infection O -received O -triple O -therapy O -with O -ribavirin B-Chemical -, O -pegylated B-Chemical -interferon I-Chemical -and O -telaprevir B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -also O -received O -simvastatin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -One O -month O -after O -starting O -the O -antiviral O -therapy O -, O -the O -patient O -was O -admitted O -to O -the O -hospital O -because O -he O -developed O -rhabdomyolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -admission O -simvastatin B-Chemical -and O -all O -antiviral O -drugs O -were O -discontinued O -because O -toxicity O -due O -to O -a O -drug O -- O -drug O -interaction O -was O -suspected O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -peaked O -at O -62 O -, O -246 O -IU O -/ O -L O -and O -the O -patient O -was O -treated O -with O -intravenous O -normal O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -' O -s O -renal O -function O -remained O -unaffected O -. O - -aps B-category -Fourteen O -days O -after O -hospitalization O -, O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -level O -had O -returned O -to O -230 O -IU O -/ O -L O -and O -the O -patient O -was O -discharged O -. O - -aps B-category -Telaprevir B-Chemical -was O -considered O -the O -probable O -causative O -agent O -of O -an O -interaction O -with O -simvastatin B-Chemical -according O -to O -the O -Drug O -Interaction O -Probability O -Scale O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -is O -due O -to O -inhibition O -of O -CYP3A4 O -- O -mediated O -simvastatin B-Chemical -clearance O -. O - -aps B-category -Simvastatin B-Chemical -plasma O -concentration O -increased O -30 O -times O -in O -this O -patient O -and O -statin B-Chemical -induced O -muscle O -toxicity O -is O -related O -to O -the O -concentration O -of O -the O -statin B-Chemical -in O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -with O -this O -case O -we O -illustrate O -that O -telaprevir B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -statins B-Chemical -are O -susceptible O -to O -clinical O -relevant O -drug O -- O -drug O -interactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Combination O -of O -bortezomib B-Chemical -, O -thalidomide B-Chemical -, O -and O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -( O -VTD O -) O -as O -a O -consolidation O -therapy O -after O -autologous O -stem O -cell O -transplantation O -for O -symptomatic O -multiple O -myeloma O -in O -Japanese O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Consolidation O -therapy O -for O -patients O -with O -multiple O -myeloma O -( O -MM O -) O -has O -been O -widely O -adopted O -to O -improve O -treatment O -response O -following O -autologous O -stem O -cell O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -we O -retrospectively O -analyzed O -the O -safety O -and O -efficacy O -of O -combination O -regimen O -of O -bortezomib B-Chemical -, O -thalidomide B-Chemical -, O -and O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -( O -VTD O -) O -as O -consolidation O -therapy O -in O -24 O -Japanese O -patients O -with O -newly O -diagnosed O -MM O -. O - -aps B-category -VTD O -consisted O -of O -bortezomib B-Chemical -at O -a O -dose O -of O -1 O -. O -3 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -and O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -at O -a O -dose O -of O -40 O -mg O -/ O -day O -on O -days O -1 O -, O -8 O -, O -15 O -, O -and O -22 O -of O -a O -35 O -- O -day O -cycle O -, O -with O -daily O -oral O -thalidomide B-Chemical -at O -a O -dose O -of O -100 O -mg O -/ O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -Grade O -3 O -- O -4 O -neutropenia O -and O -thrombocytopenia O -were O -documented O -in O -four O -and O -three O -patients O -( O -17 O -and O -13 O -% O -) O -, O -respectively O -, O -but O -drug O -dose O -reduction O -due O -to O -cytopenia O -was O -not O -required O -in O -any O -case O -. O - -aps B-category -Peripheral O -neuropathy O -was O -common O -( O -63 O -% O -) O -, O -but O -severe O -grade O -3 O -- O -4 O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -was O -not O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Very O -good O -partial O -response O -or O -better O -response O -( O -> O -VGPR O -) O -rates O -before O -and O -after O -consolidation O -therapy O -were O -54 O -and O -79 O -% O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -had O -a O -significant O -probability O -of O -improving O -from O -< O -VGPR O -before O -consolidation O -therapy O -to O -> O -VGPR O -after O -consolidation O -therapy O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -041 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -VTD O -regimen O -may O -be O -safe O -and O -effective O -as O -a O -consolidation O -therapy O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -MM O -in O -Japanese O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversion O -to O -sirolimus B-Chemical -ameliorates O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephropathy O -in O -the O -rat O -: O -focus O -on O -serum O -, O -urine O -, O -gene O -, O -and O -protein O -renal O -expression O -biomarkers O -. O - -aps B-category -Protocols O -of O -conversion O -from O -cyclosporin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -( O -CsA B-Chemical -) O -to O -sirolimus B-Chemical -( O -SRL B-Chemical -) O -have O -been O -widely O -used O -in O -immunotherapy O -after O -transplantation O -to O -prevent O -CsA B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephropathy O -, O -but O -the O -molecular O -mechanisms O -underlying O -these O -protocols O -remain O -nuclear O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -aimed O -to O -identify O -the O -molecular O -pathways O -and O -putative O -biomarkers O -of O -CsA B-Chemical -- O -to O -- O -SRL B-Chemical -conversion O -in O -a O -rat O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -animal O -groups O -( O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -were O -tested O -during O -9 O -weeks O -: O -control O -, O -CsA B-Chemical -, O -SRL B-Chemical -, O -and O -conversion O -( O -CsA B-Chemical -for O -3 O -weeks O -followed O -by O -SRL B-Chemical -for O -6 O -weeks O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Classical O -and O -emergent O -serum O -, O -urinary O -, O -and O -kidney O -tissue O -( O -gene O -and O -protein O -expression O -) O -markers O -were O -assessed O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -lesions O -were O -analyzed O -in O -hematoxylin B-Chemical -and O -eosin B-Chemical -, O -periodic O -acid O -- O -Schiff O -, O -and O -Masson O -' O -s O -trichrome O -stains O -. O - -aps B-category -SRL B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -presented O -proteinuria O -and O -NGAL O -( O -serum O -and O -urinary O -) O -as O -the O -best O -markers O -of O -renal O -impairment O -. O - -aps B-category -Short O -CsA B-Chemical -treatment O -presented O -slight O -or O -even O -absent O -kidney O -lesions O -and O -TGF O -- O -b O -, O -NF O -- O -kb O -, O -mTOR O -, O -PCNA O -, O -TP53 O -, O -KIM O -- O -1 O -, O -and O -CTGF O -as O -relevant O -gene O -and O -protein O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolonged O -CsA B-Chemical -exposure O -aggravated O -renal O -damage O -, O -without O -clear O -changes O -on O -the O -traditional O -markers O -, O -but O -with O -changes O -in O -serums O -TGF O -- O -b O -and O -IL O -- O -7 O -, O -TBARs O -clearance O -, O -and O -kidney O -TGF O -- O -b O -and O -mTOR O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversion O -to O -SRL B-Chemical -prevented O -CsA B-Chemical -- O -induced O -renal O -damage O -evolution O -( O -absent O -/ O -mild O -grade O -lesions O -) O -, O -while O -NGAL O -( O -serum O -versus O -urine O -) O -seems O -to O -be O -a O -feasible O -biomarker O -of O -CsA B-Chemical -replacement O -to O -SRL B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Kinin O -B2 O -receptor O -deletion O -and O -blockage O -ameliorates O -cisplatin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -renal O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -Cisplatin B-Chemical -treatment O -has O -been O -adopted O -in O -some O -chemotherapies O -; O -however O -, O -this O -drug O -can O -induce O -acute O -kidney O -injury O -due O -its O -ability O -to O -negatively O -affect O -renal O -function O -, O -augment O -serum O -levels O -of O -creatinine B-Chemical -and O -urea B-Chemical -, O -increase O -the O -acute O -tubular O -necrosis O -score O -and O -up O -- O -regulate O -cytokines O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -IL O -- O -1b O -and O -TNF O -- O -a O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinin O -B2 O -receptor O -has O -been O -associated O -with O -the O -inflammation O -process O -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -regulation O -of O -cytokine O -expression O -, O -and O -its O -deletion O -resulted O -in O -an O -improvement O -in O -the O -diabetic O -nephropathy O -status O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -examine O -the O -role O -of O -the O -kinin O -B2 O -receptor O -in O -cisplatin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -kidney O -injury O -, O -kinin O -B2 O -receptor O -knockout O -mice O -were O -challenged O -with O -cisplatin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Additionally O -, O -WT O -mice O -were O -treated O -with O -a O -B2 O -receptor O -antagonist O -after O -cisplatin B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -B2 O -receptor O -- O -deficient O -mice O -were O -less O -sensitive O -to O -this O -drug O -than O -the O -WT O -mice O -, O -as O -shown O -by O -reduced O -weight O -loss O -, O -better O -preservation O -of O -kidney O -function O -, O -down O -regulation O -of O -inflammatory O -cytokines O -and O -less O -acute O -tubular O -necrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -treatment O -with O -the O -kinin O -B2 O -receptor O -antagonist O -effectively O -reduced O -the O -levels O -of O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -and O -blood O -urea B-Chemical -after O -cisplatin B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -our O -data O -suggest O -that O -the O -kinin O -B2 O -receptor O -is O -involved O -in O -cisplatin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -kidney O -injury O -by O -mediating O -the O -necrotic O -process O -and O -the O -expression O -of O -inflammatory O -cytokines O -, O -thus O -resulting O -in O -declined O -renal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -highlight O -the O -kinin O -B2 O -receptor O -antagonist O -treatment O -in O -amelioration O -of O -nephrotoxicity O -induced O -by O -cisplatin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Safety O -and O -efficacy O -of O -fluocinolone B-Chemical -acetonide I-Chemical -intravitreal O -implant O -( O -0 O -. O -59 O -mg O -) O -in O -birdshot O -retinochoroidopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -To O -report O -the O -treatment O -outcomes O -of O -the O -fluocinolone B-Chemical -acetonide I-Chemical -intravitreal O -implant O -( O -0 O -. O -59 O -mg O -) O -in O -patients O -with O -birdshot O -retinochoroidopathy O -whose O -disease O -is O -refractory O -or O -intolerant O -to O -conventional O -immunomodulatory O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -A O -retrospective O -case O -series O -involving O -11 O -birdshot O -retinochoroidopathy O -patients O -( O -11 O -eyes O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Eleven O -patients O -( O -11 O -eyes O -) O -underwent O -surgery O -for O -fluocinolone B-Chemical -acetonide I-Chemical -implant O -( O -0 O -. O -59 O -mg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -outcomes O -of O -interest O -were O -noted O -at O -baseline O -, O -before O -fluocinolone B-Chemical -acetonide I-Chemical -implant O -, O -and O -then O -at O -6 O -months O -, O -1 O -year O -, O -2 O -years O -, O -3 O -years O -, O -and O -beyond O -3 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Disease O -activity O -markers O -, O -including O -signs O -of O -ocular O -inflammation O -, O -evidence O -of O -retinal O -vasculitis O -, O -Swedish O -interactive O -threshold O -algorithm O -- O -short O -wavelength O -automated O -perimetry O -Humphrey O -visual O -field O -analysis O -, O -electroretinographic O -parameters O -, O -and O -optical O -coherence O -tomography O -were O -recorded O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -on O -occurrence O -of O -cataract O -and O -raised O -intraocular O -pressure O -were O -collected O -in O -all O -eyes O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Intraocular O -inflammation O -was O -present O -in O -54 O -. O -5 O -, O -9 O -. O -9 O -, O -11 O -. O -1 O -, O -and O -0 O -% O -of O -patients O -at O -baseline O -, O -6 O -months O -, O -1 O -year O -, O -2 O -years O -, O -3 O -years O -, O -and O -beyond O -3 O -years O -after O -receiving O -the O -implant O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Active O -vasculitis O -was O -noted O -in O -36 O -. O -3 O -% O -patients O -at O -baseline O -and O -0 O -% O -at O -3 O -years O -of O -follow O -- O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -More O -than O -20 O -% O -( O -47 O -. O -61 O -- O -67 O -. O -2 O -% O -) O -reduction O -in O -central O -retinal O -thickness O -was O -noted O -in O -all O -patients O -with O -cystoid O -macular O -edema O -at O -6 O -months O -, O -1 O -year O -, O -2 O -years O -, O -and O -3 O -years O -postimplant O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -baseline O -, O -54 O -. O -5 O -% O -patients O -were O -on O -immunomodulatory O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -percentage O -decreased O -to O -45 O -. O -45 O -, O -44 O -. O -4 O -, O -and O -14 O -. O -28 O -% O -at O -1 O -year O -, O -2 O -years O -, O -and O -3 O -years O -postimplant O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -events O -included O -increased O -intraocular O -pressure O -( O -54 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -and O -cataract O -formation O -( O -100 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -fluocinolone B-Chemical -acetonide I-Chemical -implant O -( O -0 O -. O -59 O -mg O -) O -helps O -to O -control O -inflammation O -in O -otherwise O -treatment O -- O -refractory O -cases O -of O -birdshot O -retinochoroidopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -associated O -with O -significant O -side O -effects O -of O -cataract O -and O -ocular O -hypertension O -requiring O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -precurarizing O -dose O -of O -rocuronium B-Chemical -to O -decrease O -fasciculation O -and O -myalgia O -following O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Succinylcholine B-Chemical -commonly O -produces O -frequent O -adverse O -effects O -, O -including O -muscle O -fasciculation O -and O -myalgia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -current O -study O -identified O -the O -optimal O -dose O -of O -rocuronium B-Chemical -to O -prevent O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -fasciculation O -and O -myalgia O -and O -evaluated O -the O -influence O -of O -rocuronium B-Chemical -on O -the O -speed O -of O -onset O -produced O -by O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -This O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blinded O -study O -was O -conducted O -in O -100 O -patients O -randomly O -allocated O -into O -five O -groups O -of O -20 O -patients O -each O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -randomized O -to O -receive O -0 O -. O -02 O -, O -0 O -. O -03 O -, O -0 O -. O -04 O -, O -0 O -. O -05 O -and O -0 O -. O -06 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -rocuronium B-Chemical -as O -a O -precurarizing O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuromuscular O -monitoring O -after O -each O -precurarizing O -dose O -was O -recorded O -from O -the O -adductor O -pollicis O -muscle O -using O -acceleromyography O -with O -train O -- O -of O -- O -four O -stimulation O -of O -the O -ulnar O -nerve O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -received O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -at O -2 O -minutes O -after O -the O -precurarization O -, O -and O -were O -assessed O -the O -incidence O -and O -severity O -of O -fasciculations O -, O -while O -myalgia O -was O -assessed O -at O -24 O -hours O -after O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -incidence O -and O -severity O -of O -visible O -muscle O -fasciculation O -was O -significantly O -less O -with O -increasing O -the O -amount O -of O -precurarizing O -dose O -of O -rocuronium B-Chemical -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Those O -of O -myalgia O -tend O -to O -decrease O -according O -to O -increasing O -the O -amount O -of O -precurarizing O -dose O -of O -rocuronium B-Chemical -, O -but O -there O -was O -no O -significance O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -072 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -onset O -time O -of O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -longer O -with O -increasing O -the O -amount O -of O -precurarizing O -dose O -of O -rocuronium B-Chemical -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Precurarization O -with O -0 O -. O -04 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -rocuronium B-Chemical -was O -the O -optimal O -dose O -considering O -the O -reduction O -in O -the O -incidence O -and O -severity O -of O -fasciculation O -and O -myalgia O -with O -acceptable O -onset O -time O -, O -and O -the O -safe O -and O -effective O -precurarization O -. O - -aps B-category -Absence O -of O -PKC O -- O -alpha O -attenuates O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrogenic O -diabetes O -insipidus O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -, O -an O -effective O -antipsychotic O -, O -induces O -nephrogenic O -diabetes O -insipidus O -( O -NDI O -) O -in O -40 O -% O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decreased O -capacity O -to O -concentrate O -urine O -is O -likely O -due O -to O -lithium B-Chemical -acutely O -disrupting O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -pathway O -and O -chronically O -reducing O -urea B-Chemical -transporter O -( O -UT O -- O -A1 O -) O -and O -water O -channel O -( O -AQP2 O -) O -expression O -in O -the O -inner O -medulla O -. O - -aps B-category -Targeting O -an O -alternative O -signaling O -pathway O -, O -such O -as O -PKC O -- O -mediated O -signaling O -, O -may O -be O -an O -effective O -method O -of O -treating O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -polyuria O -. O - -aps B-category -PKC O -- O -alpha O -null O -mice O -( O -PKCa O -KO O -) O -and O -strain O -- O -matched O -wild O -type O -( O -WT O -) O -controls O -were O -treated O -with O -lithium B-Chemical -for O -0 O -, O -3 O -or O -5 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -WT O -mice O -had O -increased O -urine O -output O -and O -lowered O -urine O -osmolality O -after O -3 O -and O -5 O -days O -of O -treatment O -whereas O -PKCa O -KO O -mice O -had O -no O -change O -in O -urine O -output O -or O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Western O -blot O -analysis O -revealed O -that O -AQP2 O -expression O -in O -medullary O -tissues O -was O -lowered O -after O -3 O -and O -5 O -days O -in O -WT O -mice O -; O -however O -, O -AQP2 O -was O -unchanged O -in O -PKCa O -KO O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -results O -were O -observed O -with O -UT O -- O -A1 O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -were O -also O -treated O -with O -lithium B-Chemical -for O -6 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -- O -treated O -WT O -mice O -had O -19 O -- O -fold O -increased O -urine O -output O -whereas O -treated O -PKCa O -KO O -animals O -had O -a O -4 O -- O -fold O -increase O -in O -output O -. O - -aps B-category -AQP2 O -and O -UT O -- O -A1 O -expression O -was O -lowered O -in O -6 O -week O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -treated O -WT O -animals O -whereas O -in O -treated O -PKCa O -KO O -mice O -, O -AQP2 O -was O -only O -reduced O -by O -2 O -- O -fold O -and O -UT O -- O -A1 O -expression O -was O -unaffected O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -were O -elevated O -in O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -fed O -WT O -but O -not O -in O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -fed O -PKCa O -KO O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -data O -show O -that O -ablation O -of O -PKCa O -preserves O -AQP2 O -and O -UT O -- O -A1 O -protein O -expression O -and O -localization O -in O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -NDI O -, O -and O -prevents O -the O -development O -of O -the O -severe O -polyuria O -associated O -with O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Is O -Dysguesia O -Going O -to O -be O -a O -Rare O -or O -a O -Common O -Side O -- O -effect O -of O -Amlodipine B-Chemical -? O - -aps B-category -A O -very O -rare O -side O -- O -effect O -of O -amlodipine B-Chemical -is O -dysguesia O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -review O -of O -the O -literature O -produced O -only O -one O -case O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -about O -a O -female O -with O -essential O -hypertension O -on O -drug O -treatment O -with O -amlodipine B-Chemical -developed O -loss O -of O -taste O -sensation O -. O - -aps B-category -Condition O -moderately O -improved O -on O -stoppage O -of O -the O -drug O -for O -25 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -amlodipine B-Chemical -can O -cause O -dysguesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -, O -we O -describe O -the O -clinical O -presentation O -and O -review O -the O -relevant O -literature O -on O -amlodipine B-Chemical -and O -dysguesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Rhabdomyolysis O -in O -association O -with O -simvastatin B-Chemical -and O -dosage O -increment O -in O -clarithromycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clarithromycin B-Chemical -is O -the O -most O -documented O -cytochrome O -P450 O -3A4 O -( O -CYP3A4 O -) O -inhibitor O -to O -cause O -an O -adverse O -interaction O -with O -simvastatin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -particular O -case O -is O -of O -interest O -as O -rhabdomyolysis O -only O -occurred O -after O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -dose O -of O -clarithromycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -developed O -raised O -cardiac O -biomarkers O -without O -any O -obvious O -cardiac O -issues O -, O -a O -phenomenon O -that O -has O -been O -linked O -to O -rhabdomyolysis O -previously O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -date O -, O -there O -has O -been O -no O -reported O -effect O -of O -rhabdomyolysis O -on O -the O -structure O -and O -function O -of O -cardiac O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinicians O -need O -to O -be O -aware O -of O -prescribing O -concomitant O -medications O -that O -increase O -the O -risk O -of O -myopathy O -or O -inhibit O -the O -CYP3A4 O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -case O -suggests O -that O -troponin O -elevation O -could O -be O -associated O -with O -statin B-Chemical -induced O -rhabdomyolysis O -, O -which O -may O -warrant O -further O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -a O -novel O -BCHE O -" O -silent O -" O -allele O -: O -point O -mutation O -( O -p O -. O -Val204Asp O -) O -causes O -loss O -of O -activity O -and O -prolonged O -apnea O -with O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Butyrylcholinesterase O -deficiency O -is O -characterized O -by O -prolonged O -apnea O -after O -the O -use O -of O -muscle O -relaxants O -( O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -or O -mivacurium B-Chemical -) O -in O -patients O -who O -have O -mutations O -in O -the O -BCHE O -gene O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -, O -we O -report O -a O -case O -of O -prolonged O -neuromuscular O -block O -after O -administration O -of O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -leading O -to O -the O -discovery O -of O -a O -novel O -BCHE O -variant O -( O -c O -. O -695T O -> O -A O -, O -p O -. O -Val204Asp O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -studies O -, O -kinetic O -analysis O -and O -molecular O -dynamics O -were O -undertaken O -to O -understand O -how O -this O -mutation O -disrupts O -the O -catalytic O -triad O -and O -determines O -a O -" O -silent O -" O -phenotype O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -activity O -of O -patient O -plasma O -butyrylcholinesterase O -with O -butyrylthiocholine B-Chemical -( O -BTC B-Chemical -) O -and O -benzoylcholine B-Chemical -, O -and O -values O -of O -dibucaine B-Chemical -and O -fluoride B-Chemical -numbers O -fit O -with O -heterozygous O -atypical O -silent O -genotype O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrophoretic O -analysis O -of O -plasma O -BChE O -of O -the O -proband O -and O -his O -mother O -showed O -that O -patient O -has O -a O -reduced O -amount O -of O -tetrameric O -enzyme O -in O -plasma O -and O -that O -minor O -fast O -- O -moving O -BChE O -components O -: O -monomer O -, O -dimer O -, O -and O -monomer O -- O -albumin O -conjugate O -are O -missing O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -analysis O -showed O -that O -the O -p O -. O -Val204Asp O -/ O -p O -. O -Asp70Gly O -- O -p O -. O -Ala539Thr O -BChE O -displays O -a O -pure O -Michaelian O -behavior O -with O -BTC B-Chemical -as O -the O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -catalytic O -parameters O -Km O -= O -265 O -uM O -for O -BTC B-Chemical -, O -two O -times O -higher O -than O -that O -of O -the O -atypical O -enzyme O -, O -and O -a O -low O -Vmax O -are O -consistent O -with O -the O -absence O -of O -activity O -against O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Molecular O -dynamic O -( O -MD O -) O -simulations O -showed O -that O -the O -overall O -effect O -of O -the O -mutation O -p O -. O -Val204Asp O -is O -disruption O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonding O -between O -Gln223 O -and O -Glu441 O -, O -leading O -Ser198 O -and O -His438 O -to O -move O -away O -from O -each O -other O -with O -subsequent O -disruption O -of O -the O -catalytic O -triad O -functionality O -regardless O -of O -the O -type O -of O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -MD O -also O -showed O -that O -the O -enzyme O -volume O -is O -increased O -, O -suggesting O -a O -pre O -- O -denaturation O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -fits O -with O -the O -reduced O -concentration O -of O -p O -. O -Ala204Asp O -/ O -p O -. O -Asp70Gly O -- O -p O -. O -Ala539Thr O -tetrameric O -enzyme O -in O -the O -plasma O -and O -non O -- O -detectable O -fast O -moving O -- O -bands O -on O -electrophoresis O -gels O -. O - -aps B-category -Delayed O -anemia O -after O -treatment O -with O -injectable O -artesunate B-Chemical -in O -the O -Democratic O -Republic O -of O -the O -Congo O -: O -a O -manageable O -issue O -. O - -aps B-category -Cases O -of O -delayed O -hemolytic O -anemia O -have O -been O -described O -after O -treatment O -with O -injectable O -artesunate B-Chemical -, O -the O -current O -World O -Health O -Organization O -( O -WHO O -) O -- O -recommended O -first O -- O -line O -drug O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -severe O -malaria O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -350 O -patients O -( O -215 O -[ O -61 O -. O -4 O -% O -] O -< O -5 O -years O -of O -age O -and O -135 O -[ O -38 O -. O -6 O -% O -] O -> O -5 O -years O -of O -age O -) O -were O -followed O -- O -up O -after O -treatment O -with O -injectable O -artesunate B-Chemical -for O -severe O -malaria O -in O -hospitals O -and O -health O -centers O -of O -the O -Democratic O -Republic O -of O -the O -Congo O -. O - -aps B-category -Complete O -series O -of O -hemoglobin O -( O -Hb O -) O -measurements O -were O -available O -for O -201 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -decrease O -in O -Hb O -levels O -between O -2 O -and O -5 O -g O -/ O -dL O -was O -detected O -in O -23 O -( O -11 O -. O -4 O -% O -) O -patients O -during O -the O -follow O -- O -up O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -five O -patients O -, O -Hb O -levels O -decreased O -below O -5 O -g O -/ O -dL O -during O -at O -least O -one O -follow O -- O -up O -visit O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -cases O -of O -delayed O -anemia O -were O -clinically O -manageable O -and O -resolved O -within O -one O -month O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -signal O -transducer O -and O -activator O -of O -transcription O -3 O -and O -apoptotic O -pathways O -by O -betaine B-Chemical -attenuates O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -myocardial O -injury O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -investigate O -the O -cardioprotective O -effects O -of O -betaine B-Chemical -on O -acute O -myocardial O -ischemia O -induced O -experimentally O -in O -rats O -focusing O -on O -regulation O -of O -signal O -transducer O -and O -activator O -of O -transcription O -3 O -( O -STAT3 O -) O -and O -apoptotic O -pathways O -as O -the O -potential O -mechanism O -underlying O -the O -drug O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -Sprague O -Dawley O -rats O -were O -treated O -with O -betaine B-Chemical -( O -100 O -, O -200 O -, O -and O -400 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -orally O -for O -40 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -myocardial O -ischemic O -injury O -was O -induced O -in O -rats O -by O -subcutaneous O -injection O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -85 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -for O -two O -consecutive O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -cardiac O -marker O -enzyme O -, O -histopathological O -variables O -and O -expression O -of O -protein O -levels O -were O -analyzed O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -administration O -of O -betaine B-Chemical -( O -200 O -and O -400 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -significantly O -reduced O -the O -level O -of O -cardiac O -marker O -enzyme O -in O -the O -serum O -and O -prevented O -left O -ventricular O -remodeling O -. O - -aps B-category -Western O -blot O -analysis O -showed O -that O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -phosphorylation O -of O -STAT3 O -was O -maintained O -or O -further O -enhanced O -by O -betaine B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -myocardium O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -betaine B-Chemical -( O -200 O -and O -400 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -treatment O -increased O -the O -ventricular O -expression O -of O -Bcl O -- O -2 O -and O -reduced O -the O -level O -of O -Bax O -, O -therefore O -causing O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -ratio O -of O -Bcl O -- O -2 O -/ O -Bax O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protective O -role O -of O -betaine B-Chemical -on O -myocardial O -damage O -was O -further O -confirmed O -by O -histopathological O -examination O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -summary O -, O -our O -results O -showed O -that O -betaine B-Chemical -pretreatment O -attenuated O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -myocardial O -ischemia O -via O -the O -regulation O -of O -STAT3 O -and O -apoptotic O -pathways O -. O - -aps B-category -Quetiapine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -neutropenia O -in O -a O -bipolar O -patient O -with O -hepatocellular O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -Quetiapine B-Chemical -is O -a O -dibenzothiazepine O -derivative O -, O -similar O -to O -clozapine B-Chemical -, O -which O -has O -the O -highest O -risk O -of O -causing O -blood O -dyscrasias O -, O -especially O -neutropenia O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -some O -case O -reports O -about O -this O -side O -effect O -of O -quetiapine B-Chemical -, O -but O -possible O -risk O -factors O -are O -seldom O -discussed O -and O -identified O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -a O -patient O -with O -hepatocellular O -carcinoma O -that O -developed O -neutropenia O -after O -treatment O -with O -quetiapine B-Chemical -is O -described O -here O -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -REPORT O -: O -A O -62 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -Taiwanese O -widow O -with O -bipolar O -disorder O -was O -diagnosed O -with O -hepatocellular O -carcinoma O -at O -age O -60 O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -developed O -leucopenia O -after O -being O -treated O -with O -quetiapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -quetiapine B-Chemical -was O -discontinued O -, O -her O -white O -blood O -cell O -count O -returned O -to O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Although O -neutropenia O -is O -not O -a O -common O -side O -effect O -of O -quetiapine B-Chemical -, O -physicians O -should O -be O -cautious O -about O -its O -presentation O -and O -associated O -risk O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -dysfunction O -may O -be O -one O -of O -the O -possible O -risk O -factors O -, O -and O -concomitant O -fever O -may O -be O -a O -diagnostic O -marker O -for O -adverse O -reaction O -to O -quetiapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lateral O -antebrachial O -cutaneous O -neuropathy O -after O -steroid B-Chemical -injection O -at O -lateral O -epicondyle O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -AND O -OBJECTIVES O -: O -This O -report O -aimed O -to O -present O -a O -case O -of O -lateral O -antebrachial O -cutaneous O -neuropathy O -( O -LACNP O -) O -that O -occurred O -after O -a O -steroid B-Chemical -injection O -in O -the O -lateral O -epicondyle O -to O -treat O -lateral O -epicondylitis O -in O -a O -40 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -. O - -aps B-category -MATERIAL O -AND O -METHOD O -: O -A O -40 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -presented O -with O -decreased O -sensation O -and O -paresthesia O -over O -her O -right O -lateral O -forearm O -; O -the O -paresthesia O -had O -occurred O -after O -a O -steroid B-Chemical -injection O -in O -the O -right O -lateral O -epicondyle O -3 O -months O -before O -. O - -aps B-category -Her O -sensation O -of O -light O -touch O -and O -pain O -was O -diminished O -over O -the O -lateral O -side O -of O -the O -right O -forearm O -and O -wrist O -area O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -sensory O -action O -potential O -amplitude O -of O -the O -right O -lateral O -antebrachial O -cutaneous O -nerve O -( O -LACN O -) O -( O -6 O -. O -2 O -uV O -) O -was O -lower O -than O -that O -of O -the O -left O -( O -13 O -. O -1 O -uV O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -difference O -of O -amplitude O -between O -both O -sides O -was O -significant O -because O -there O -was O -more O -than O -a O -50 O -% O -reduction O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -was O -diagnosed O -with O -right O -LACNP O -( O -mainly O -axonal O -involvement O -) O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -clinical O -manifestation O -and O -the O -electrodiagnostic O -findings O -. O - -aps B-category -Her O -symptoms O -improved O -through O -physical O -therapy O -but O -persisted O -to O -some O -degree O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -This O -report O -describes O -the O -case O -of O -a O -woman O -with O -LACNP O -that O -developed O -after O -a O -steroid B-Chemical -injection O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -lateral O -epicondylitis O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -electrodiagnostic O -study O -, O -including O -a O -nerve O -conduction O -study O -of O -the O -LACN O -, O -was O -helpful O -to O -diagnose O -right O -LACNP O -and O -to O -find O -the O -passage O -of O -the O -LACN O -on O -the O -lateral O -epicondyle O -. O - -aps B-category -Curcumin B-Chemical -prevents O -maleate B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrotoxicity O -: O -relation O -to O -hemodynamic O -alterations O -, O -oxidative O -stress O -, O -mitochondrial O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -and O -activity O -of O -respiratory O -complex O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potential O -protective O -effect O -of O -the O -dietary O -antioxidant O -curcumin B-Chemical -( O -120 O -mg O -/ O -Kg O -/ O -day O -for O -6 O -days O -) O -against O -the O -renal O -injury O -induced O -by O -maleate B-Chemical -was O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Tubular O -proteinuria O -and O -oxidative O -stress O -were O -induced O -by O -a O -single O -injection O -of O -maleate B-Chemical -( O -400 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Maleate B-Chemical -- O -induced O -renal O -injury O -included O -increase O -in O -renal O -vascular O -resistance O -and O -in O -the O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -total O -protein O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -neutrophil O -gelatinase O -- O -associated O -lipocalin O -( O -NGAL O -) O -and O -N O -- O -acetyl O -b O -- O -D O -- O -glucosaminidase O -( O -NAG O -) O -, O -upregulation O -of O -kidney O -injury O -molecule O -( O -KIM O -) O -- O -1 O -, O -decrease O -in O -renal O -blood O -flow O -and O -claudin O -- O -2 O -expression O -besides O -of O -necrosis O -and O -apoptosis O -of O -tubular O -cells O -on O -24 O -h O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidative O -stress O -was O -determined O -by O -measuring O -the O -oxidation O -of O -lipids O -and O -proteins O -and O -diminution O -in O -renal O -Nrf2 O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -were O -also O -conducted O -in O -renal O -epithelial O -LLC O -- O -PK1 O -cells O -and O -in O -mitochondria O -isolated O -from O -kidneys O -of O -all O -the O -experimental O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Maleate B-Chemical -induced O -cell O -damage O -and O -reactive O -oxygen B-Chemical -species O -( O -ROS O -) O -production O -in O -LLC O -- O -PK1 O -cells O -in O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -maleate B-Chemical -treatment O -reduced O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -in O -ADP B-Chemical -- O -stimulated O -mitochondria O -and O -diminished O -respiratory O -control O -index O -when O -using O -malate B-Chemical -/ O -glutamate B-Chemical -as O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -both O -complex O -I O -and O -aconitase O -were O -also O -diminished O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -the O -above O -- O -described O -alterations O -were O -prevented O -by O -curcumin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -curcumin B-Chemical -is O -able O -to O -attenuate O -in O -vivo O -maleate B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephropathy O -and O -in O -vitro O -cell O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vivo O -protection O -was O -associated O -to O -the O -prevention O -of O -oxidative O -stress O -and O -preservation O -of O -mitochondrial O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -and O -activity O -of O -respiratory O -complex O -I O -, O -and O -the O -in O -vitro O -protection O -was O -associated O -to O -the O -prevention O -of O -ROS O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Anticonvulsant O -actions O -of O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -on O -the O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -model O -of O -status O -epilepticus O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -, O -a O -noncompetitive O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -( O -NMDA B-Chemical -) O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -was O -tested O -for O -anticonvulsant O -effects O -in O -rats O -using O -two O -seizure O -models O -, O -coadministration O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -and O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -and O -administration O -of O -a O -high O -dose O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -major O -results O -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -First O -, O -pretreatment O -with O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -produced O -an O -effective O -and O -dose O -- O -dependent O -anticonvulsant O -action O -with O -the O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -model O -but O -not O -with O -rats O -treated O -with O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -alone O -, O -suggesting O -that O -different O -biochemical O -mechanisms O -control O -seizures O -in O -these O -two O -models O -. O - -aps B-category -Second O -, O -the O -anticonvulsant O -effect O -of O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -in O -the O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -model O -only O -occurred O -after O -initial O -periods O -of O -seizure O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -observation O -is O -suggested O -to O -be O -an O -in O -vivo O -demonstration O -of O -the O -conclusion O -derived O -from O -in O -vitro O -experiments O -that O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -binding O -requires O -agonist O -- O -induced O -opening O -of O -the O -channel O -sites O -of O -the O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Third O -, O -although O -it O -is O -relatively O -easy O -to O -block O -seizures O -induced O -by O -lithium B-Chemical -and O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -by O -administration O -of O -anticonvulsants O -prior O -to O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -, O -it O -is O -more O -difficult O -to O -terminate O -ongoing O -status O -epilepticus O -and O -block O -the O -lethality O -of O -the O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -30 O -or O -60 O -min O -after O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -during O -status O -epilepticus O -, O -gradually O -reduced O -electrical O -and O -behavioral O -seizure O -activity O -and O -greatly O -enhanced O -the O -survival O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -activation O -of O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptors O -plays O -an O -important O -role O -in O -status O -epilepticus O -and O -brain O -damage O -in O -the O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -model O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -further O -supported O -by O -results O -showing O -that O -nonconvulsive O -doses O -of O -NMDA B-Chemical -and O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -were O -synergistic O -, O -resulting O -in O -status O -epilepticus O -and O -subsequent O -mortality O -. O - -aps B-category -Continuous O -infusion O -tobramycin B-Chemical -combined O -with O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -for O -infections O -in O -cancer O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cure O -rate O -of O -infections O -in O -cancer O -patients O -is O -adversely O -affected O -by O -neutropenia O -( O -less O -than O -1 O -, O -000 O -/ O -mm3 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -particular O -, O -patients O -with O -severe O -neutropenia O -( O -less O -than O -100 O -/ O -mm3 O -) O -have O -shown O -a O -poor O -response O -to O -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -overcome O -the O -adverse O -effects O -of O -neutropenia O -, O -tobramycin B-Chemical -was O -given O -by O -continuous O -infusion O -and O -combined O -with O -intermittent O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Tobramycin B-Chemical -was O -given O -to O -a O -total O -daily O -dose O -of O -300 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -and O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -was O -given O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -5 O -gm O -every O -four O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -125 O -infectious O -episodes O -in O -116 O -cancer O -patients O -receiving O -myelosuppressive O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -overall O -cure O -rate O -was O -70 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Pneumonia O -was O -the O -most O -common O -infection O -and O -61 O -% O -of O -59 O -episodes O -were O -cured O -. O - -aps B-category -Gram O -- O -negative O -bacilli O -were O -the O -most O -common O -causative O -organisms O -and O -69 O -% O -of O -these O -infections O -were O -cured O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -common O -pathogen O -was O -Klebsiella O -pneumoniae O -and O -this O -, O -together O -with O -Escherichia O -coli O -and O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -, O -accounted O -for O -74 O -% O -of O -all O -gram O -- O -negative O -bacillary O -infections O -. O - -aps B-category -Response O -was O -not O -influenced O -by O -the O -initial O -neutrophil O -count O -, O -with O -a O -62 O -% O -cure O -rate O -for O -39 O -episodes O -associated O -with O -severe O -neutropenia O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -failure O -of O -the O -neutrophil O -count O -to O -increase O -during O -therapy O -adversely O -affected O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Azotemia O -was O -the O -major O -side O -effect O -recognized O -, O -and O -it O -occurred O -in O -11 O -% O -of O -episodes O -. O - -aps B-category -Major O -azotemia O -( O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -dl O -or O -BUN O -greater O -than O -50 O -mg O -/ O -dl O -) O -occurred O -in O -only O -2 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Azotemia O -was O -not O -related O -to O -duration O -of O -therapy O -or O -serum O -tobramycin B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -antibiotic O -regimen O -showed O -both O -therapeutic O -efficacy O -and O -acceptable O -renal O -toxicity O -for O -these O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Incidence O -of O -solid O -tumours O -among O -pesticide O -applicators O -exposed O -to O -the O -organophosphate B-Chemical -insecticide O -diazinon B-Chemical -in O -the O -Agricultural O -Health O -Study O -: O -an O -updated O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -Diazinon B-Chemical -, O -a O -common O -organophosphate B-Chemical -insecticide O -with O -genotoxic O -properties O -, O -was O -previously O -associated O -with O -lung O -cancer O -in O -the O -Agricultural O -Health O -Study O -( O -AHS O -) O -cohort O -, O -but O -few O -other O -epidemiological O -studies O -have O -examined O -diazinon B-Chemical -- O -associated O -cancer O -risk O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -used O -updated O -diazinon B-Chemical -exposure O -and O -cancer O -incidence O -information O -to O -evaluate O -solid O -tumour O -risk O -in O -the O -AHS O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Male O -pesticide O -applicators O -in O -Iowa O -and O -North O -Carolina O -reported O -lifetime O -diazinon B-Chemical -use O -at O -enrolment O -( O -1993 O -- O -1997 O -) O -and O -follow O -- O -up O -( O -1998 O -- O -2005 O -) O -; O -cancer O -incidence O -was O -assessed O -through O -2010 O -( O -North O -Carolina O -) O -/ O -2011 O -( O -Iowa O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -applicators O -with O -usage O -information O -sufficient O -to O -evaluate O -exposure O -- O -response O -patterns O -, O -we O -used O -Poisson O -regression O -to O -estimate O -adjusted O -rate O -ratios O -( O -RRs O -) O -and O -95 O -% O -CI O -for O -cancer O -sites O -with O -> O -10 O -exposed O -cases O -for O -both O -lifetime O -( O -LT O -) O -exposure O -days O -and O -intensity O -- O -weighted O -( O -IW O -) O -lifetime O -exposure O -days O -( O -accounting O -for O -factors O -impacting O -exposure O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -We O -observed O -elevated O -lung O -cancer O -risks O -( O -N O -= O -283 O -) O -among O -applicators O -with O -the O -greatest O -number O -of O -LT O -( O -RR O -= O -1 O -. O -60 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -1 O -. O -11 O -to O -2 O -. O -31 O -; O -Ptrend O -= O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -and O -IW O -days O -of O -diazinon B-Chemical -use O -( O -RR O -= O -1 O -. O -41 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -0 O -. O -98 O -to O -2 O -. O -04 O -; O -Ptrend O -= O -0 O -. O -08 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Kidney O -cancer O -( O -N O -= O -94 O -) O -risks O -were O -non O -- O -significantly O -elevated O -( O -RRLT O -days O -= O -1 O -. O -77 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -0 O -. O -90 O -to O -3 O -. O -51 O -; O -Ptrend O -= O -0 O -. O -09 O -; O -RRIW O -days O -1 O -. O -37 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -0 O -. O -64 O -to O -2 O -. O -92 O -; O -Ptrend O -= O -0 O -. O -50 O -) O -, O -as O -were O -risks O -for O -aggressive O -prostate O -cancer O -( O -N O -= O -656 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Our O -updated O -evaluation O -of O -diazinon B-Chemical -provides O -additional O -evidence O -of O -an O -association O -with O -lung O -cancer O -risk O -. O - -aps B-category -Newly O -identified O -links O -to O -kidney O -cancer O -and O -associations O -with O -aggressive O -prostate O -cancer O -require O -further O -evaluation O -. O - -aps B-category -Associations O -of O -Ozone B-Chemical -and O -PM2 O -. O -5 O -Concentrations O -With O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -Disease O -Among O -Participants O -in O -the O -Agricultural O -Health O -Study O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -This O -study O -describes O -associations O -of O -ozone B-Chemical -and O -fine O -particulate B-Chemical -matter I-Chemical -with O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -observed O -among O -farmers O -in O -North O -Carolina O -and O -Iowa O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -used O -logistic O -regression O -to O -determine O -the O -associations O -of O -these O -pollutants O -with O -self O -- O -reported O -, O -doctor O -- O -diagnosed O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Daily O -predicted O -pollutant O -concentrations O -were O -used O -to O -derive O -surrogates O -of O -long O -- O -term O -exposure O -and O -link O -them O -to O -study O -participants O -' O -geocoded O -addresses O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -We O -observed O -positive O -associations O -of O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -with O -ozone B-Chemical -( O -odds O -ratio O -= O -1 O -. O -39 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -: O -0 O -. O -98 O -to O -1 O -. O -98 O -) O -and O -fine O -particulate B-Chemical -matter I-Chemical -( O -odds O -ratio O -= O -1 O -. O -34 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -: O -0 O -. O -93 O -to O -1 O -. O -93 O -) O -in O -North O -Carolina O -but O -not O -in O -Iowa O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -plausibility O -of O -an O -effect O -of O -ambient O -concentrations O -of O -these O -pollutants O -on O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -risk O -is O -supported O -by O -experimental O -data O -demonstrating O -damage O -to O -dopaminergic O -neurons O -at O -relevant O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Additional O -studies O -are O -needed O -to O -address O -uncertainties O -related O -to O -confounding O -and O -to O -examine O -temporal O -aspects O -of O -the O -associations O -we O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -functional O -programming O -of O -renal O -AT2R O -mediates O -the O -developmental O -origin O -of O -glomerulosclerosis O -in O -adult O -offspring O -induced O -by O -prenatal O -caffeine B-Chemical -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -UNASSIGNED O -: O -Our O -previous O -study O -has O -indicated O -that O -prenatal O -caffeine B-Chemical -exposure O -( O -PCE O -) O -could O -induce O -intrauterine O -growth O -retardation O -( O -IUGR O -) O -of O -offspring O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -research O -suggested O -that O -IUGR O -is O -a O -risk O -factor O -for O -glomerulosclerosis O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -whether O -PCE O -could O -induce O -glomerulosclerosis O -and O -its O -underlying O -mechanisms O -remain O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -aimed O -to O -demonstrate O -the O -induction O -to O -glomerulosclerosis O -in O -adult O -offspring O -by O -PCE O -and O -its O -intrauterine O -programming O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rat O -model O -of O -IUGR O -was O -established O -by O -PCE O -, O -male O -fetuses O -and O -adult O -offspring O -at O -the O -age O -of O -postnatal O -week O -24 O -were O -euthanized O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -revealed O -that O -the O -adult O -offspring O -kidneys O -in O -the O -PCE O -group O -exhibited O -glomerulosclerosis O -as O -well O -as O -interstitial O -fibrosis O -, O -accompanied O -by O -elevated O -levels O -of O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -and O -urine O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -receptor O -type O -2 O -( O -AT2R O -) O -gene O -expression O -in O -adult O -offspring O -was O -reduced O -by O -PCE O -, O -whereas O -the O -renal O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -receptor O -type O -1a O -( O -AT1aR O -) O -/ O -AT2R O -expression O -ratio O -was O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fetal O -kidneys O -in O -the O -PCE O -group O -displayed O -an O -enlarged O -Bowman O -' O -s O -space O -and O -a O -shrunken O -glomerular O -tuft O -, O -accompanied O -by O -a O -reduced O -cortex O -width O -and O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -nephrogenic O -zone O -/ O -cortical O -zone O -ratio O -. O - -aps B-category -Observation O -by O -electronic O -microscope O -revealed O -structural O -damage O -of O -podocytes O -; O -the O -reduced O -expression O -level O -of O -podocyte O -marker O -genes O -, O -nephrin O -and O -podocin O -, O -was O -also O -detected O -by O -q O -- O -PCR O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -AT2R O -gene O -and O -protein O -expressions O -in O -fetal O -kidneys O -were O -inhibited O -by O -PCE O -, O -associated O -with O -the O -repression O -of O -the O -gene O -expression O -of O -glial O -- O -cell O -- O -line O -- O -derived O -neurotrophic O -factor O -( O -GDNF O -) O -/ O -tyrosine B-Chemical -kinase O -receptor O -( O -c O -- O -Ret O -) O -signaling O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -demonstrated O -that O -PCE O -could O -induce O -dysplasia O -of O -fetal O -kidneys O -as O -well O -as O -glomerulosclerosis O -of O -adult O -offspring O -, O -and O -the O -low O -functional O -programming O -of O -renal O -AT2R O -might O -mediate O -the O -developmental O -origin O -of O -adult O -glomerulosclerosis O -. O - -aps B-category -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Butadiene I-Chemical -, O -CML O -and O -the O -t O -( O -9 O -: O -22 O -) O -translocation O -: O -A O -reality O -check O -. O - -aps B-category -UNASSIGNED O -: O -Epidemiological O -studies O -of O -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -butadiene I-Chemical -have O -suggest O -that O -exposures O -to O -humans O -are O -associated O -with O -chronic O -myeloid O -leukemia O -( O -CML O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CML O -has O -a O -well O -- O -documented O -association O -with O -ionizing O -radiation O -, O -but O -reports O -of O -associations O -with O -chemical O -exposures O -have O -been O -questioned O -. O - -aps B-category -Ionizing O -radiation O -is O -capable O -of O -inducing O -the O -requisite O -CML O -- O -associated O -t O -( O -9 O -: O -22 O -) O -translocation O -( O -Philadelphia O -chromosome O -) O -in O -appropriate O -cells O -in O -vitro O -but O -, O -thus O -far O -, O -chemicals O -have O -not O -shown O -this O -capacity O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -proposed O -that O -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -butadiene I-Chemical -metabolites O -be O -so O -tested O -as O -a O -reality O -check O -on O -the O -epidemiological O -reports O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -conduct O -reliable O -testing O -in O -this O -regard O -, O -it O -is O -essential O -that O -a O -positive O -control O -for O -induction O -be O -available O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -used O -ionizing O -radiation O -to O -develop O -such O -a O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -described O -here O -demonstrate O -that O -this O -agent O -does O -in O -fact O -induce O -pathogenic O -t O -( O -9 O -: O -22 O -) O -translocations O -in O -a O -human O -myeloid O -cell O -line O -in O -vitro O -, O -but O -does O -so O -at O -low O -frequencies O -. O - -aps B-category -Conditions O -that O -will O -be O -required O -for O -studies O -of O -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -butadiene I-Chemical -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Cancer O -incidence O -and O -metolachlor B-Chemical -use O -in O -the O -Agricultural O -Health O -Study O -: O -An O -update O -. O - -aps B-category -UNASSIGNED O -: O -Metolachlor B-Chemical -, O -a O -widely O -used O -herbicide O -, O -is O -classified O -as O -a O -Group O -C O -carcinogen O -by O -the O -U O -. O -S O -. O - -aps B-category -Environmental O -Protection O -Agency O -based O -on O -increased O -liver O -neoplasms O -in O -female O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Epidemiologic O -studies O -of O -the O -health O -effects O -of O -metolachlor B-Chemical -have O -been O -limited O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Agricultural O -Health O -Study O -( O -AHS O -) O -is O -a O -prospective O -cohort O -study O -including O -licensed O -private O -and O -commercial O -pesticide O -applicators O -in O -Iowa O -and O -North O -Carolina O -enrolled O -1993 O -- O -1997 O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -evaluated O -cancer O -incidence O -through O -2010 O -/ O -2011 O -( O -NC O -/ O -IA O -) O -for O -49 O -, O -616 O -applicators O -, O -53 O -% O -of O -whom O -reported O -ever O -using O -metolachlor B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -used O -Poisson O -regression O -to O -evaluate O -relations O -between O -two O -metrics O -of O -metolachlor B-Chemical -use O -( O -lifetime O -days O -, O -intensity O -- O -weighted O -lifetime O -days O -) O -and O -cancer O -incidence O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -saw O -no O -association O -between O -metolachlor B-Chemical -use O -and O -incidence O -of O -all O -cancers O -combined O -( O -n O -= O -5 O -, O -701 O -with O -a O -5 O -- O -year O -lag O -) O -or O -most O -site O -- O -specific O -cancers O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -liver O -cancer O -, O -in O -analyses O -restricted O -to O -exposed O -workers O -, O -elevations O -observed O -at O -higher O -categories O -of O -use O -were O -not O -statistically O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -trends O -for O -both O -lifetime O -and O -intensity O -- O -weighted O -lifetime O -days O -of O -metolachor B-Chemical -use O -were O -positive O -and O -statistically O -significant O -with O -an O -unexposed O -reference O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -pattern O -was O -observed O -for O -follicular O -cell O -lymphoma O -, O -but O -no O -other O -lymphoma O -subtypes O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -earlier O -suggestion O -of O -increased O -lung O -cancer O -risk O -at O -high O -levels O -of O -metolachlor B-Chemical -use O -in O -this O -cohort O -was O -not O -confirmed O -in O -this O -update O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggestion O -of O -an O -association O -between O -metolachlor B-Chemical -and O -liver O -cancer O -among O -pesticide O -applicators O -is O -a O -novel O -finding O -and O -echoes O -observation O -of O -increased O -liver O -neoplasms O -in O -some O -animal O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -our O -findings O -for O -both O -liver O -cancer O -and O -follicular O -cell O -lymphoma O -warrant O -follow O -- O -up O -to O -better O -differentiate O -effects O -of O -metolachlor B-Chemical -use O -from O -other O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanisms O -Underlying O -Latent O -Disease O -Risk O -Associated O -with O -Early O -- O -Life O -Arsenic B-Chemical -Exposure O -: O -Current O -Research O -Trends O -and O -Scientific O -Gaps O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Millions O -of O -individuals O -worldwide O -, O -particularly O -those O -living O -in O -rural O -and O -developing O -areas O -, O -are O -exposed O -to O -harmful O -levels O -of O -inorganic B-Chemical -arsenic I-Chemical -( O -iAs B-Chemical -) O -in O -their O -drinking O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -Inorganic B-Chemical -As I-Chemical -exposure O -during O -key O -developmental O -periods O -is O -associated O -with O -a O -variety O -of O -adverse O -health O -effects O -including O -those O -that O -are O -evident O -in O -adulthood O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -considerable O -interest O -in O -identifying O -the O -molecular O -mechanisms O -that O -relate O -early O -- O -life O -iAs B-Chemical -exposure O -to O -the O -development O -of O -these O -latent O -diseases O -, O -particularly O -in O -relationship O -to O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -This O -work O -summarizes O -research O -on O -the O -molecular O -mechanisms O -that O -underlie O -the O -increased O -risk O -of O -cancer O -development O -in O -adulthood O -that O -is O -associated O -with O -early O -- O -life O -iAs B-Chemical -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -DISCUSSION O -: O -Epigenetic O -reprogramming O -that O -imparts O -functional O -changes O -in O -gene O -expression O -, O -the O -development O -of O -cancer O -stem O -cells O -, O -and O -immunomodulation O -are O -plausible O -underlying O -mechanisms O -by O -which O -early O -- O -life O -iAs B-Chemical -exposure O -elicits O -latent O -carcinogenic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Evidence O -is O -mounting O -that O -relates O -early O -- O -life O -iAs B-Chemical -exposure O -and O -cancer O -development O -later O -in O -life O -. O - -aps B-category -Future O -research O -should O -include O -animal O -studies O -that O -address O -mechanistic O -hypotheses O -and O -studies O -of O -human O -populations O -that O -integrate O -early O -- O -life O -exposure O -, O -molecular O -alterations O -, O -and O -latent O -disease O -outcomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Nifedipine B-Chemical -induced O -bradycardia O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -autonomic O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -80 O -year O -old O -diabetic O -male O -with O -evidence O -of O -peripheral O -and O -autonomic O -neuropathy O -was O -admitted O -with O -chest O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -was O -found O -to O -have O -atrial O -flutter O -at O -a O -ventricular O -rate O -of O -70 O -/ O -min O -which O -slowed O -down O -to O -30 O -- O -40 O -/ O -min O -when O -nifedipine B-Chemical -( O -60 O -mg O -) O -in O -3 O -divided O -doses O -, O -during O -which O -he O -was O -paced O -at O -a O -rate O -of O -70 O -/ O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -inconsistent O -with O -the O -well O -- O -established O -finding O -that O -nifedipine B-Chemical -induces O -tachycardia O -in O -normally O -innervated O -hearts O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -hearts O -deprived O -of O -compensatory O -sympathetic O -drive O -, O -it O -may O -lead O -to O -bradycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -in O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -amphetamine B-Chemical -intoxication O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effectiveness O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -pretreatment O -in O -preventing O -the O -toxic O -effects O -of O -high O -doses O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -and O -cocaine B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -model O -, O -toxic O -effects O -were O -induced O -by O -intraperitoneal O -( O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -injection O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -75 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -( O -100 O -% O -death O -rate O -) O -or O -cocaine B-Chemical -70 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -( O -82 O -% O -death O -rate O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -failed O -to O -prevent O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -, O -but O -did O -lower O -the O -mortality O -rate O -at O -most O -doses O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -decreased O -the O -incidence O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -at O -the O -two O -highest O -doses O -, O -but O -the O -lowering O -of O -the O -mortality O -rate O -did O -not O -reach O -statistical O -significance O -at O -any O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -a O -protective O -role O -for O -the O -central O -dopamine B-Chemical -blocker O -haloperidol B-Chemical -against O -death O -from O -high O -- O -dose O -amphetamine B-Chemical -exposure O -without O -reducing O -the O -incidence O -of O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -demonstrated O -an O -ability O -to O -reduce O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -without O -significantly O -reducing O -mortality O -. O - -aps B-category -Autoradiographic O -evidence O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -binding O -sites O -in O -nuclei O -of O -diethylstilbesterol B-Chemical -induced O -hamster O -renal O -carcinomas O -. O - -aps B-category -Estrogen B-Chemical -binding O -sites O -were O -demonstrated O -by O -autoradiography O -in O -one O -transplantable O -and O -five O -primary O -diethylstilbesterol B-Chemical -induced O -renal O -carcinomas O -in O -three O -hamsters O -. O - -aps B-category -Radiolabelling O -, O -following O -the O -in O -vivo O -injection O -of O -3H O -- O -17 O -beta O -estradiol B-Chemical -, O -was O -increased O -only O -over O -the O -nuclei O -of O -tumor O -cells O -; O -stereologic O -analysis O -revealed O -a O -4 O -. O -5 O -- O -to O -6 O -. O -7 O -- O -times O -higher O -concentration O -of O -reduced O -silver B-Chemical -grains O -over O -nuclei O -than O -cytoplasm O -of O -these O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -rapid O -tubular O -excretion O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -which O -peaked O -in O -less O -than O -1 O -h O -, O -the O -normal O -cells O -did O -not O -appear O -to O -bind O -the O -ligand O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -the O -first O -published O -report O -documenting O -the O -preferential O -in O -vivo O -binding O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -to O -nuclei O -of O -cells O -in O -estrogen B-Chemical -induced O -hamster O -renal O -carcinomas O -. O - -aps B-category -Bradycardia O -due O -to O -biperiden B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -38 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -male O -patient O -suffering O -from O -a O -severe O -postzosteric O -trigeminal O -neuralgia O -, O -intravenous O -application O -of O -10 O -mg O -biperiden B-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -led O -to O -a O -long O -- O -lasting O -paradoxical O -reaction O -characterized O -by O -considerable O -bradycardia O -, O -dysarthria O -, O -and O -dysphagia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heart O -rate O -was O -back O -to O -normal O -within O -12 O -hours O -upon O -administration O -of O -orciprenaline B-Chemical -under O -cardiac O -monitoring O -in O -an O -intensive O -care O -unit O -. O - -aps B-category -Bradycardia O -induced O -by O -biperiden B-Chemical -is O -attributed O -to O -the O -speed O -of O -injection O -and O -to O -a O -dose O -- O -related O -dual O -effect O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -- O -like O -drugs O -on O -muscarine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Deliberate O -hypotension O -induced O -by O -labetalol B-Chemical -with O -halothane B-Chemical -, O -enflurane B-Chemical -or O -isoflurane B-Chemical -for O -middle O -- O -ear O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -feasibility O -of O -using O -labetalol B-Chemical -, O -an O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -, O -as O -a O -hypotensive O -agent O -in O -combination O -with O -inhalation O -anaesthetics O -( O -halothane B-Chemical -, O -enflurane B-Chemical -or O -isoflurane B-Chemical -) O -was O -studied O -in O -23 O -adult O -patients O -undergoing O -middle O -- O -ear O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -was O -decreased O -from O -86 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -( O -s O -. O -e O -. O -mean O -) O -mmHg O -to O -52 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -mmHg O -( O -11 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -to O -6 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -1 O -kPa O -) O -for O -98 O -+ O -/ O -- O -10 O -min O -in O -the O -halothane B-Chemical -( O -H B-Chemical -) O -group O -, O -from O -79 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -to O -53 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -mmHg O -( O -10 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -to O -7 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -1 O -kPa O -) O -for O -129 O -+ O -/ O -- O -11 O -min O -in O -the O -enflurane B-Chemical -( O -E B-Chemical -) O -group O -, O -and O -from O -80 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -to O -49 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -mmHg O -( O -10 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -to O -6 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -1 O -kPa O -) O -for O -135 O -+ O -/ O -- O -15 O -min O -in O -the O -isoflurane B-Chemical -( O -I B-Chemical -) O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -H B-Chemical -concentration O -during O -hypotension O -in O -the O -inspiratory O -gas O -was O -0 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -1 O -vol O -% O -, O -the O -mean O -E B-Chemical -concentration O -1 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -vol O -% O -, O -and O -the O -mean O -I B-Chemical -concentration O -1 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -1 O -vol O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -patients O -received O -fentanyl B-Chemical -and O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tubocurarine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -initial O -dose O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -for O -lowering O -blood O -pressure O -was O -similar O -, O -0 O -. O -52 O -- O -0 O -. O -59 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -in O -all O -the O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -hypotension O -, O -the O -heart O -rate O -was O -stable O -without O -tachy O -- O -or O -bradycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -operating O -conditions O -regarding O -bleeding O -were O -estimated O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -manner O -, O -and O -did O -not O -differ O -significantly O -between O -the O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -hypotension O -, O -the O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -concentration O -rose O -significantly O -in O -all O -groups O -from O -the O -values O -before O -hypotension O -and O -returned O -postoperatively O -to O -the O -initial O -level O -in O -the O -other O -groups O -, O -except O -the O -isoflurane B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -hypotension O -there O -was O -no O -rebound O -phenomenon O -in O -either O -blood O -pressure O -or O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -labetalol B-Chemical -induces O -easily O -adjustable O -hypotension O -without O -compensatory O -tachycardia O -and O -rebound O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Convulsion O -following O -intravenous O -fluorescein B-Chemical -angiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Tonic O -- O -clonic O -seizures O -followed O -intravenous O -fluorescein B-Chemical -injection O -for O -fundus O -angiography O -in O -a O -47 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -male O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -precautions O -this O -adverse O -reaction O -recurred O -on O -re O -- O -exposure O -to O -intravenous O -fluorescein B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacology O -of O -ACC B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9653 I-Chemical -( O -phenytoin B-Chemical -prodrug O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -ACC B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9653 I-Chemical -, O -the O -disodium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -of O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxymethyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diphenylhydantoin I-Chemical -, O -is O -a O -prodrug O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -with O -advantageous O -physicochemical O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -ACC B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9653 I-Chemical -is O -rapidly O -converted O -enzymatically O -to O -phenytoin B-Chemical -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -ACC B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9653 I-Chemical -and O -phenytoin B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -have O -equivalent O -anticonvulsant O -activity O -against O -seizures O -induced O -by O -maximal O -electroshock O -( O -MES O -) O -in O -mice O -following O -i O -. O -p O -. O -, O -oral O -, O -or O -i O -. O -v O -. O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ED50 O -doses O -were O -16 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -for O -i O -. O -v O -. O -ACC B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9653 I-Chemical -and O -8 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -for O -i O -. O -v O -. O -phenytoin B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -ACC B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9653 I-Chemical -and O -phenytoin B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -have O -similar O -antiarrhythmic O -activity O -against O -ouabain B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -in O -anesthetized O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -total O -doses O -of O -ACC B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9653 I-Chemical -or O -phenytoin B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -necessary O -to O -convert O -the O -arrhythmia O -to O -a O -normal O -sinus O -rhythm O -were O -24 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -and O -14 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -phenytoin B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -displayed O -in O -vitro O -antiarrhythmic O -activity O -against O -strophanthidin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -arrhythmias O -in O -guinea O -pig O -right O -atria O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -anesthetized O -dogs O -, O -a O -high O -dose O -of O -ACC B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9653 I-Chemical -( O -31 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -was O -infused O -over O -15 O -, O -20 O -, O -and O -30 O -min O -and O -the O -responses O -were O -compared O -to O -an O -equimolar O -dose O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -( O -21 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ACC B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9653 I-Chemical -and O -phenytoin B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -treatments O -produced O -similar O -marked O -reductions O -in O -diastolic O -blood O -pressure O -and O -contractile O -force O -( O -LVdP O -/ O -dt O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -effects O -of O -each O -treatment O -occurred O -at O -the O -time O -of O -maximum O -phenytoin B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -toxicity O -studies O -of O -ACC B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9653 I-Chemical -and O -phenytoin B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -were O -carried O -out O -in O -mice O -, O -rats O -, O -rabbits O -, O -and O -dogs O -by O -i O -. O -v O -. O -, O -i O -. O -m O -. O -, O -and O -i O -. O -p O -. O -routes O -of O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -systemic O -toxic O -signs O -of O -both O -agents O -were O -similar O -and O -occurred O -at O -approximately O -equivalent O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Importantly O -, O -the O -local O -irritation O -of O -ACC B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9653 I-Chemical -was O -markedly O -less O -than O -phenytoin B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -following O -i O -. O -m O -. O -administration O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Tachyphylaxis O -to O -systemic O -but O -not O -to O -airway O -responses O -during O -prolonged O -therapy O -with O -high O -dose O -inhaled O -salbutamol B-Chemical -in O -asthmatics O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -doses O -of O -inhaled O -salbutamol B-Chemical -produce O -substantial O -improvements O -in O -airway O -response O -in O -patients O -with O -asthma O -, O -and O -are O -associated O -with O -dose O -- O -dependent O -systemic O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -the O -present O -study O -was O -to O -investigate O -whether O -tachyphylaxis O -occurs O -during O -prolonged O -treatment O -with O -high O -dose O -inhaled O -salbutamol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Twelve O -asthmatic O -patients O -( O -FEV1 O -, O -81 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -% O -predicted O -) O -, O -requiring O -only O -occasional O -inhaled O -beta O -- O -agonists O -as O -their O -sole O -therapy O -, O -were O -given O -a O -14 O -- O -day O -treatment O -with O -high O -dose O -inhaled O -salbutamol B-Chemical -( O -HDS O -) O -, O -4 O -, O -000 O -micrograms O -daily O -, O -low O -dose O -inhaled O -salbutamol B-Chemical -( O -LDS O -) O -, O -800 O -micrograms O -daily O -, O -or O -placebo O -( O -PI O -) O -by O -metered O -- O -dose O -inhaler O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -randomized O -crossover O -design O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -14 O -- O -day O -run O -- O -in O -and O -during O -washout O -periods O -, O -inhaled O -beta O -- O -agonists O -were O -withheld O -and O -ipratropium B-Chemical -bromide I-Chemical -was O -substituted O -for O -rescue O -purposes O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -end O -of O -each O -14 O -- O -day O -treatment O -, O -a O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -( O -DRC O -) O -was O -performed O -, O -and O -airway O -( O -FEV1 O -, O -FEF25 O -- O -75 O -) O -chronotropic O -( O -HR O -) O -, O -tremor O -, O -and O -metabolic O -( O -K B-Chemical -, O -Glu B-Chemical -) O -responses O -were O -measured O -at O -each O -step O -( O -from O -100 O -to O -4 O -, O -000 O -micrograms O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -had O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -baseline O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -dose O -- O -dependent O -increases O -in O -FEV1 O -and O -FEF25 O -- O -75 O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -and O -pretreatment O -with O -HDS O -did O -not O -displace O -the O -DRC O -to O -the O -right O -. O - -aps B-category -DRC O -for O -HR O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -K B-Chemical -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -and O -Glu B-Chemical -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -were O -attenuated O -after O -treatment O -with O -HDS O -compared O -with O -PI O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -also O -differences O -between O -HDS O -and O -LDS O -for O -HR O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -and O -Glu B-Chemical -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -Frequency O -and O -severity O -of O -subjective O -adverse O -effects O -were O -also O -reduced O -after O -HDS O -: O -tremor O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -palpitations O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Phenytoin B-Chemical -induced O -fatal O -hepatic O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -61 O -year O -old O -female O -developed O -fatal O -hepatic O -failure O -after O -phenytoin B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -typical O -multisystem O -clinical O -pattern O -precedes O -the O -manifestations O -of O -hepatic O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hematologic O -, O -biochemical O -and O -pathologic O -features O -indicate O -a O -mixed O -hepatocellular O -damage O -due O -to O -drug O -hypersensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -patient O -receiving O -phenytoin B-Chemical -who O -presents O -a O -viral O -- O -like O -illness O -, O -early O -recognition O -and O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -drug O -are O -mandatory O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -lethal O -pertussis B-Chemical -vaccine I-Chemical -reaction O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -mortality O -after O -pertussis O -immunization O -in O -the O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -Without O -treatment O -, O -73 O -of O -92 O -animals O -( O -80 O -% O -) O -died O -after O -injection O -of O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -( O -BSA O -) O -on O -day O -+ O -7 O -of O -pertussis O -immunization O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -pretreatment O -with O -3 O -mg O -of O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -, O -2 O -mg O -mianserin B-Chemical -, O -or O -2 O -mg O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -, O -only O -5 O -of O -105 O -animals O -( O -5 O -% O -) O -died O -after O -receiving O -BSA O -on O -day O -+ O -7 O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Blockade O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -receptors O -may O -reduce O -mortality O -in O -pertussis O -immunization O -- O -induced O -encephalopathy O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Support O -for O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- O -hypertension O -hypothesis O -: O -18 O -hour O -pressor O -effect O -after O -6 O -hours O -adrenaline B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -double O -blind O -, O -crossover O -study O -6 O -h O -infusions O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -( O -15 O -ng O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -; O -1 O -ng O -= O -5 O -. O -458 O -pmol O -) O -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -30 O -ng O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -; O -1 O -ng O -= O -5 O -. O -911 O -pmol O -) O -, O -and O -a O -5 O -% O -dextrose B-Chemical -solution O -( O -5 O -. O -4 O -ml O -/ O -h O -) O -, O -were O -given O -to O -ten O -healthy O -volunteers O -in O -random O -order O -2 O -weeks O -apart O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -means O -of O -intra O -- O -arterial O -ambulatory O -monitoring O -the O -haemodynamic O -effects O -were O -followed O -for O -18 O -h O -after O -the O -infusions O -were O -stopped O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -caused O -a O -delayed O -and O -protracted O -pressor O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Over O -the O -total O -postinfusion O -period O -systolic O -and O -diastolic O -arterial O -pressure O -were O -6 O -( O -SEM O -2 O -) O -% O -and O -7 O -( O -2 O -) O -% O -, O -respectively O -, O -higher O -than O -after O -dextrose B-Chemical -infusion O -( O -ANOVA O -, O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -" O -stress O -" O -levels O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -( O -230 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -) O -for O -6 O -h O -cause O -a O -delayed O -and O -protracted O -pressor O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -are O -strong O -support O -for O -the O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- O -hypertension O -hypothesis O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -alkylxanthines B-Chemical -on O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -renal O -failure O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -antagonists O -have O -been O -previously O -shown O -to O -be O -of O -benefit O -in O -some O -ischaemic O -and O -nephrotoxic O -models O -of O -acute O -renal O -failure O -( O -ARF O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -the O -effects O -of O -three O -alkylxanthines B-Chemical -with O -different O -potencies O -as O -adenosine B-Chemical -antagonists O -8 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenyltheophylline I-Chemical -, O -theophylline B-Chemical -and O -enprofylline B-Chemical -, O -were O -examined O -in O -rats O -developing O -acute O -renal O -failure O -after O -4 O -daily O -injections O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -( O -200 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -function O -was O -assessed O -by O -biochemical O -( O -plasma O -urea B-Chemical -and O -creatinine B-Chemical -) O -, O -functional O -( O -urine O -analysis O -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -inulin O -and O -[ O -14C O -] O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminohippuric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -clearances O -) O -and O -morphological O -( O -degree O -of O -necrosis O -) O -indices O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -various O -drug O -treatments O -produced O -improvements O -in O -some O -, O -but O -not O -all O -, O -measurements O -of O -renal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -any O -improvement O -produced O -by O -drug O -treatment O -was O -largely O -a O -result O -of O -a O -beneficial O -effect O -exerted O -by O -its O -vehicle O -( O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -and O -NaOH B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lack O -of O -any O -consistent O -protective O -effect O -noted O -with O -the O -alkylxanthines B-Chemical -tested O -in O -the O -present O -study O -indicates O -that O -adenosine B-Chemical -plays O -little O -, O -if O -any O -, O -pathophysiological O -role O -in O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ARF O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -ocular O -reactions O -possibly O -associated O -with O -isotretinoin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -261 O -adverse O -ocular O -reactions O -occurred O -in O -237 O -patients O -who O -received O -isotretinoin B-Chemical -, O -a O -commonly O -used O -drug O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -severe O -cystic O -acne O -. O - -aps B-category -Blepharoconjunctivitis O -, O -subjective O -complaints O -of O -dry O -eyes O -, O -blurred O -vision O -, O -contact O -lens O -intolerance O -, O -and O -photodermatitis O -are O -reversible O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -More O -serious O -ocular O -adverse O -reactions O -include O -papilledema O -, O -pseudotumor O -cerebri O -, O -and O -white O -or O -gray O -subepithelial O -corneal O -opacities O -; O -all O -of O -these O -are O -reversible O -if O -the O -drug O -is O -discontinued O -. O - -aps B-category -Reported O -cases O -of O -decreased O -dark O -adaptation O -are O -under O -investigation O -. O - -aps B-category -Isotretinoin B-Chemical -is O -contraindicated O -in O -pregnancy O -because O -of O -the O -many O -reported O -congenital O -abnormalities O -after O -maternal O -use O -( O -including O -microphthalmos O -, O -orbital O -hypertelorism O -, O -and O -optic O -nerve O -hypoplasia O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Procaterol B-Chemical -and O -terbutaline B-Chemical -in O -bronchial O -asthma O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -, O -cross O -- O -over O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Procaterol B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -beta O -- O -2 O -adrenoceptor O -stimulant O -, O -was O -studied O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -, O -cross O -- O -over O -trial O -in O -patients O -with O -bronchial O -asthma O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -procaterol B-Chemical -50 O -micrograms O -b O -. O -d O -. O -, O -procaterol B-Chemical -100 O -micrograms O -b O -. O -d O -. O -, O -and O -terbutaline B-Chemical -5 O -mg O -t O -. O -i O -. O -d O -. O -, O -were O -compared O -when O -given O -randomly O -in O -1 O -- O -week O -treatment O -periods O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -best O -clinical O -effect O -was O -found O -with O -terbutaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -anti O -- O -asthmatic O -and O -tremorgenic O -effects O -of O -procaterol B-Chemical -were O -dose O -- O -related O -. O - -aps B-category -Procaterol B-Chemical -appeared O -effective O -in O -the O -doses O -tested O -, O -and O -a O -twice O -daily O -regimen O -would O -appear O -to O -be O -suitable O -with O -this O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Subacute O -effects O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -B O -24 O -/ O -76 O -on O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -rat O -heart O -hypertrophy O -in O -correlation O -with O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -compared O -the O -potential O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blocker O -, O -B O -24 O -/ O -76 O -i O -. O -e O -. O -1 O -- O -( O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dichlorophenoxy O -) O -- O -3 O -[ O -2 O -- O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dimethoxyphenyl O -) O -ethanolamino O -] O -- O -prop O -an O -- O -2 O -- O -ol O -, O -which O -is O -characterized O -by O -beta O -1 O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -and O -beta O -2 O -- O -adrenoceptor O -stimulating O -properties O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -studies O -were O -performed O -using O -an O -experimental O -model O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -heart O -hypertrophy O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -correlation O -of O -the O -blood O -pressure O -was O -neither O -found O -in O -the O -development O -nor O -in O -the O -attempt O -to O -suppress O -the O -development O -of O -heart O -hypertrophy O -with O -the O -two O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -beta O -- O -blockers O -influenced O -the O -development O -of O -hypertrophy O -to O -a O -different O -, O -but O -not O -reproducible O -extent O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -possible O -to O -suppress O -the O -increased O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -activity O -with O -both O -beta O -- O -blockers O -in O -hypertrophied O -hearts O -, O -but O -there O -was O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -heart O -mass O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -propranolol B-Chemical -nor O -B O -24 O -/ O -76 O -could O -stop O -the O -changes O -in O -the O -characteristic O -myosin O -isoenzyme O -pattern O -of O -the O -hypertrophied O -rat O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -investigations O -did O -not O -provide O -any O -evidence O -that O -the O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blockers O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -B O -24 O -/ O -76 O -have O -the O -potency O -to O -prevent O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -from O -producing O -heart O -hypertrophy O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -anxiogenic O -effects O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -in O -panic O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -oral O -administration O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -on O -behavioral O -ratings O -, O -somatic O -symptoms O -, O -blood O -pressure O -and O -plasma O -levels O -of O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyphenethyleneglycol I-Chemical -( O -MHPG B-Chemical -) O -and O -cortisol B-Chemical -were O -determined O -in O -17 O -healthy O -subjects O -and O -21 O -patients O -meeting O -DSM O -- O -III O -criteria O -for O -agoraphobia O -with O -panic O -attacks O -or O -panic O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -Caffeine B-Chemical -produced O -significantly O -greater O -increases O -in O -subject O -- O -rated O -anxiety O -, O -nervousness O -, O -fear O -, O -nausea O -, O -palpitations O -, O -restlessness O -, O -and O -tremors O -in O -the O -patients O -compared O -with O -healthy O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -patients O -, O -but O -not O -the O -healthy O -subjects O -, O -these O -symptoms O -were O -significantly O -correlated O -with O -plasma O -caffeine B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Seventy O -- O -one O -percent O -of O -the O -patients O -reported O -that O -the O -behavioral O -effects O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -were O -similar O -to O -those O -experienced O -during O -panic O -attacks O -. O - -aps B-category -Caffeine B-Chemical -did O -not O -alter O -plasma O -MHPG B-Chemical -levels O -in O -either O -the O -healthy O -subjects O -or O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Caffeine B-Chemical -increased O -plasma O -cortisol B-Chemical -levels O -equally O -in O -the O -patient O -and O -healthy O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -caffeine B-Chemical -is O -an O -adenosine B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -these O -results O -suggest O -that O -some O -panic O -disorder O -patients O -may O -have O -abnormalities O -in O -neuronal O -systems O -involving O -adenosine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -anxiety O -disorders O -may O -benefit O -by O -avoiding O -caffeine B-Chemical -- O -containing O -foods O -and O -beverages O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -oxitropium B-Chemical -bromide I-Chemical -and O -of O -slow O -- O -release O -theophylline B-Chemical -on O -nocturnal O -asthma O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -a O -new O -inhaled O -antimuscarinic O -drug O -, O -oxitropium B-Chemical -bromide I-Chemical -, O -and O -of O -a O -slow O -- O -release O -theophylline B-Chemical -preparation O -upon O -nocturnal O -asthma O -were O -compared O -in O -a O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -samples O -were O -studied O -: O -12 O -patients O -received O -oxitropium B-Chemical -at O -600 O -micrograms O -( O -6 O -subjects O -) O -or O -at O -400 O -micrograms O -t O -. O -i O -. O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -6 O -subjects O -) O -whereas O -11 O -received O -theophylline B-Chemical -at O -300 O -mg O -b O -. O -i O -. O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -Morning O -dipping O -, O -assessed O -by O -the O -fall O -in O -peak O -flow O -overnight O -, O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -in O -the O -periods O -when O -either O -active O -drug O -was O -taken O -, O -whereas O -no O -difference O -was O -noticed O -during O -the O -placebo O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -difference O -was O -noticed O -between O -results O -obtained O -with O -either O -active O -drug O -, O -as O -well O -as O -with O -either O -dosage O -of O -oxitropium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -No O -subject O -reported O -side O -effects O -of O -oxitropium B-Chemical -, O -as O -compared O -to O -three O -subjects O -reporting O -nausea O -, O -vomiting O -and O -tremors O -after O -theophylline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Oxitropium B-Chemical -proves O -to O -be O -a O -valuable O -alternative O -to O -theophylline B-Chemical -in O -nocturnal O -asthma O -, O -since O -it O -is O -equally O -potent O -, O -safer O -and O -does O -not O -require O -the O -titration O -of O -dosage O -. O - -aps B-category -Penicillin B-Chemical -anaphylaxis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -oral O -penicillin B-Chemical -anaphylaxis O -is O -described O -, O -and O -the O -terminology O -, O -occurrence O -, O -clinical O -manifestations O -, O -pathogenesis O -, O -prevention O -, O -and O -treatment O -of O -anaphylaxis O -are O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -Emergency O -physicians O -should O -be O -aware O -of O -oral O -penicillin B-Chemical -anaphylaxis O -in O -order O -to O -prevent O -its O -occurrence O -by O -prescribing O -the O -antibiotic O -judiciously O -and O -knowledgeably O -and O -to O -offer O -optimal O -medical O -therapy O -once O -this O -life O -- O -threatening O -reaction O -has O -begun O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversible O -valproic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -induced O -dementia O -: O -a O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversible O -valproic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -induced O -dementia O -was O -documented O -in O -a O -21 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -with O -epilepsy O -who O -had O -a O -3 O -- O -year O -history O -of O -insidious O -progressive O -decline O -in O -global O -cognitive O -abilities O -documented O -by O -serial O -neuropsychological O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Repeat O -neuropsychological O -testing O -7 O -weeks O -after O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -drug O -revealed O -dramatic O -improvement O -in O -IQ O -, O -memory O -, O -naming O -, O -and O -other O -tasks O -commensurate O -with O -clinical O -recovery O -in O -his O -intellectual O -capacity O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -pathophysiological O -mechanisms O -which O -may O -have O -been O -operative O -in O -this O -case O -include O -: O -a O -direct O -central O -nervous O -system O -( O -CNS O -) O -toxic O -effect O -of O -valproic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -; O -a O -paradoxical O -epileptogenic O -effect O -secondary O -to O -the O -drug O -; O -and O -an O -indirect O -CNS O -toxic O -effect O -mediated O -through O -valproic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperammonemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversal O -of O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -amnesia O -of O -passive O -avoidance O -by O -pre O -- O -and O -post O -- O -training O -naloxone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -series O -of O -five O -experiments O -, O -the O -modulating O -role O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -on O -a O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -retention O -deficit O -in O -a O -passive O -avoidance O -paradigm O -was O -investigated O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Scopolamine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -methyl B-Chemical -scopolamine I-Chemical -( O -1 O -and O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -induced O -an O -amnesia O -as O -measured O -by O -latency O -and O -duration O -parameters O -. O - -aps B-category -Naloxone B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -3 O -, O -1 O -, O -3 O -, O -and O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -injected O -prior O -to O -training O -attenuated O -the O -retention O -deficit O -with O -a O -peak O -of O -activity O -at O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -could O -be O -antagonized O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -, O -3 O -, O -and O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -demonstrating O -the O -opioid O -specificity O -of O -the O -naloxone B-Chemical -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Post O -- O -training O -administration O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -( O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -as O -a O -single O -or O -as O -a O -split O -dose O -also O -attenuated O -the O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -amnesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -experiments O -indicated O -that O -neither O -an O -increase O -in O -pain O -sensitivity O -( O -pre O -- O -training O -naloxone B-Chemical -) O -nor O -an O -induced O -aversive O -state O -( O -post O -- O -training O -naloxone B-Chemical -) O -appear O -to O -be O -responsible O -for O -the O -influence O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -on O -the O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -retention O -deficit O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -extend O -previous O -findings O -implicating O -a O -cholinergic O -- O -opioid O -interaction O -in O -memory O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -possible O -mechanism O -for O -this O -interaction O -involving O -the O -septo O -- O -hippocampal O -cholinergic O -pathway O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Electron O -microscopic O -investigations O -of O -the O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -lesions O -of O -the O -urinary O -bladder O -of O -the O -rat O -and O -their O -prevention O -by O -mesna B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Fully O -developed O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cystitis O -is O -characterized O -by O -nearly O -complete O -detachment O -of O -the O -urothelium O -, O -severe O -submucosal O -edema O -owing O -to O -damage O -to O -the O -microvascular O -bed O -and O -focal O -muscle O -necroses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -initial O -response O -to O -the O -primary O -attack O -by O -the O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -metabolites O -seems O -to O -be O -fragmentation O -of O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -damages O -the O -cellular O -barrier O -against O -the O -hypertonic O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequent O -breaks O -in O -the O -lateral O -cell O -membranes O -of O -the O -superficial O -cells O -and O -in O -all O -the O -plasma O -membranes O -of O -the O -intermediate O -and O -basal O -cells O -, O -intercellular O -and O -intracellular O -edema O -and O -disintegration O -of O -the O -desmosomes O -and O -hemidesmosomes O -lead O -to O -progressive O -degeneration O -and O -detachment O -of O -the O -epithelial O -cells O -with O -exposure O -and O -splitting O -of O -the O -basal O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -morphological O -changes O -of O -the O -endothelial O -cells O -, O -which O -become O -more O -pronounced O -in O -the O -later O -stages O -of O -the O -experiment O -, O -the O -involvement O -of O -blood O -vessels O -regardless O -of O -their O -diameter O -and O -the O -location O -- O -dependent O -extent O -of O -the O -damage O -indicate O -a O -direct O -type O -of O -damage O -which O -is O -preceded O -by O -a O -mediator O -- O -induced O -increase O -in O -permeability O -, O -the O -morphological O -correlate O -of O -which O -is O -the O -formation O -of O -gaps O -in O -the O -interendothelial O -cell O -connections O -on O -the O -venules O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -can O -be O -effectively O -prevented O -by O -mesna B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -only O -sign O -of O -a O -possible O -involvement O -is O -the O -increase O -in O -the O -number O -of O -specific O -granules O -with O -a O -presumed O -lysosomal O -function O -in O -the O -superficial O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Increase O -in O -intragastric O -pressure O -during O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -muscle O -fasciculations O -in O -children O -: O -inhibition O -by O -alfentanil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -intragastric O -pressure O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -i O -. O -v O -. O -were O -studied O -in O -32 O -children O -( O -mean O -age O -6 O -. O -9 O -yr O -) O -pretreated O -with O -either O -physiological O -saline O -or O -alfentanil B-Chemical -50 O -micrograms O -kg O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Anaesthesia O -was O -induced O -with O -thiopentone B-Chemical -5 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -and O -intensity O -of O -muscle O -fasciculations O -caused O -by O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -were O -significantly O -greater O -in O -the O -control O -than O -in O -the O -alfentanil B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intragastric O -pressure O -during O -muscle O -fasciculations O -was O -significantly O -higher O -in O -the O -control O -group O -( O -16 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -( O -SEM O -) O -cm O -H2O B-Chemical -) O -than O -in O -the O -alfentanil B-Chemical -group O -( O -7 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -5 O -( O -SEM O -) O -cm O -H2O B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -intragastric O -pressure O -was O -directly O -related O -to O -the O -intensity O -of O -muscle O -fasciculations O -( O -regression O -line O -: O -y O -= O -0 O -. O -5 O -+ O -4 O -. O -78x O -with O -r O -of O -0 O -. O -78 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -intragastric O -pressure O -increases O -significantly O -during O -muscle O -fasciculations O -caused O -by O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -in O -healthy O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -Alfentanil B-Chemical -50 O -micrograms O -kg O -- O -1 O -effectively O -inhibits O -the O -incidence O -and O -intensity O -of O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -muscle O -fasciculations O -; O -moreover O -, O -intragastric O -pressure O -remains O -at O -its O -control O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -insulin O -treatment O -normalizes O -the O -resistance O -to O -the O -cardiotoxic O -effect O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -in O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -diabetic O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -morphometric O -study O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -induced O -myocardial O -fibrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acute O -effect O -of O -insulin O -treatment O -on O -the O -earlier O -reported O -protective O -effect O -of O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -diabetes O -against O -the O -cardiotoxic O -effect O -of O -high O -doses O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -ISO B-Chemical -) O -was O -investigated O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -to O -135 O -min O -after O -the O -injection O -of O -crystalline O -insulin O -, O -ISO B-Chemical -was O -given O -subcutaneously O -and O -when O -ISO B-Chemical -induced O -fibrosis O -in O -the O -myocardium O -was O -morphometrically O -analyzed O -7 O -days O -later O -, O -a O -highly O -significant O -correlation O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -83 O -, O -2 O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -006 O -) O -to O -the O -slope O -of O -the O -fall O -in O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -after O -insulin O -treatment O -appeared O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -myocardial O -content O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -was O -estimated O -in O -these O -8 O -day O -diabetic O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -content O -was O -significantly O -increased O -while O -epinephrine B-Chemical -remained O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -enhanced O -sympathetic O -nervous O -system O -activity O -with O -a O -consequent O -down O -regulation O -of O -the O -myocardial O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -could O -, O -therefore O -, O -explain O -this O -catecholamine B-Chemical -resistance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rapid O -reversion O -after O -insulin O -treatment O -excludes O -the O -possibility O -that O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -in O -itself O -causes O -the O -ISO B-Chemical -resistance O -and O -points O -towards O -a O -direct O -insulin O -effect O -on O -myocardial O -catecholamine B-Chemical -sensitivity O -in O -diabetic O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phenomenon O -described O -might O -elucidate O -pathogenetic O -mechanisms O -behind O -toxic O -myocardial O -cell O -degeneration O -and O -may O -possibly O -have O -relevance O -for O -acute O -cardiovascular O -complications O -in O -diabetic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -effects O -of O -non O -- O -steroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drugs O -on O -seizures O -produced O -by O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -muscarinic O -cholinergic O -agonist O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -induces O -in O -rats O -seizures O -and O -status O -epilepticus O -followed O -by O -widespread O -damage O -to O -the O -forebrain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -investigate O -the O -effect O -of O -5 O -non O -- O -steroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drugs O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -salicylate I-Chemical -, O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -, O -indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -and O -mefenamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -on O -seizures O -produced O -by O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -of O -rats O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -salicylate I-Chemical -, O -ED50 O -103 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -( O -60 O -- O -174 O -) O -, O -and O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -, O -59 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -( O -50 O -- O -70 O -) O -converted O -the O -non O -- O -convulsant O -dose O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -, O -200 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -to O -a O -convulsant O -one O -. O - -aps B-category -Indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -1 O -- O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -and O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -, O -10 O -- O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -failed O -to O -modulate O -seizures O -produced O -by O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Mefenamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -26 O -( O -22 O -- O -30 O -) O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -prevented O -seizures O -and O -protected O -rats O -from O -seizure O -- O -related O -brain O -damage O -induced O -by O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -, O -380 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -non O -- O -steroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drugs O -differentially O -modulate O -the O -threshold O -for O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -neurologic O -dysfunction O -after O -high O -- O -dose O -etoposide B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -malignant O -glioma O -. O - -aps B-category -Etoposide B-Chemical -( O -VP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -16 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -213 I-Chemical -) O -has O -been O -used O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -many O -solid O -tumors O -and O -hematologic O -malignancies O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -used O -in O -high O -doses O -and O -in O -conjunction O -with O -autologous O -bone O -marrow O -transplantation O -, O -this O -agent O -has O -activity O -against O -several O -treatment O -- O -resistant O -cancers O -including O -malignant O -glioma O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -six O -of O -eight O -patients O -( O -75 O -% O -) O -who O -we O -treated O -for O -recurrent O -or O -resistant O -glioma O -, O -sudden O -severe O -neurologic O -deterioration O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -developed O -a O -median O -of O -9 O -days O -after O -initiation O -of O -high O -- O -dose O -etoposide B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -clinical O -manifestations O -have O -included O -confusion O -, O -papilledema O -, O -somnolence O -, O -exacerbation O -of O -motor O -deficits O -, O -and O -sharp O -increase O -in O -seizure O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -abnormalities O -resolved O -rapidly O -after O -initiation O -of O -high O -- O -dose O -intravenous O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -patients O -, O -computerized O -tomographic O -( O -CT O -) O -brain O -scans O -demonstrated O -stability O -in O -tumor O -size O -and O -peritumor O -edema O -when O -compared O -with O -pretransplant O -scans O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -complication O -appears O -to O -represent O -a O -significant O -new O -toxicity O -of O -high O -- O -dose O -etoposide B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -malignant O -glioma O -. O - -aps B-category -Progressive O -bile O -duct O -injury O -after O -thiabendazole B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -27 O -- O -yr O -- O -old O -man O -developed O -jaundice O -2 O -wk O -after O -exposure O -to O -thiabendazole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cholestasis O -persisted O -for O -3 O -yr O -, O -at O -which O -time O -a O -liver O -transplant O -was O -performed O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -liver O -biopsy O -specimens O -and O -the O -hepatectomy O -specimen O -were O -remarkable O -for O -almost O -complete O -disappearance O -of O -interlobular O -bile O -ducts O -. O - -aps B-category -Prominent O -fibrosis O -and O -hepatocellular O -regeneration O -were O -also O -present O -; O -however O -, O -the O -lobular O -architecture O -was O -preserved O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -represents O -an O -example O -of O -" O -idiosyncratic O -" O -drug O -- O -induced O -liver O -damage O -in O -which O -the O -primary O -target O -of O -injury O -is O -the O -bile O -duct O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -autoimmune O -pathogenesis O -of O -the O -bile O -duct O -destruction O -is O -suggested O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -effects O -of O -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydropyridine I-Chemical -calcium B-Chemical -channel I-Chemical -blockers I-Chemical -: O -therapeutic O -implications O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -recognition O -of O -the O -importance O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -cardiovascular O -disease O -has O -stimulated O -research O -into O -the O -use O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -channel I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -agents I-Chemical -for O -treatment O -of O -a O -variety O -of O -cardiovascular O -diseases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -favorable O -efficacy O -and O -tolerability O -profiles O -of O -these O -agents O -make O -them O -attractive O -therapeutic O -modalities O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -applications O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -channel I-Chemical -blockers I-Chemical -parallel O -their O -tissue O -selectivity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -to O -verapamil B-Chemical -and O -diltiazem B-Chemical -, O -which O -are O -roughly O -equipotent O -in O -their O -actions O -on O -the O -heart O -and O -vascular O -smooth O -muscle O -, O -the O -dihydropyridine B-Chemical -calcium B-Chemical -channel I-Chemical -blockers I-Chemical -are O -a O -group O -of O -potent O -peripheral O -vasodilator O -agents O -that O -exert O -minimal O -electrophysiologic O -effects O -on O -cardiac O -nodal O -or O -conduction O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -the O -first O -dihydropyridine B-Chemical -available O -for O -use O -in O -the O -United O -States O -, O -nifedipine B-Chemical -controls O -angina O -and O -hypertension O -with O -minimal O -depression O -of O -cardiac O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Additional O -members O -of O -this O -group O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -channel I-Chemical -blockers I-Chemical -have O -been O -studied O -for O -a O -variety O -of O -indications O -for O -which O -they O -may O -offer O -advantages O -over O -current O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Once O -or O -twice O -daily O -dosage O -possible O -with O -nitrendipine B-Chemical -and O -nisoldipine B-Chemical -offers O -a O -convenient O -administration O -schedule O -, O -which O -encourages O -patient O -compliance O -in O -long O -- O -term O -therapy O -of O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -coronary O -vasodilating O -properties O -of O -nisoldipine B-Chemical -have O -led O -to O -the O -investigation O -of O -this O -agent O -for O -use O -in O -angina O -. O - -aps B-category -Selectivity O -for O -the O -cerebrovascular O -bed O -makes O -nimodipine B-Chemical -potentially O -useful O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -subarachnoid O -hemorrhage O -, O -migraine O -headache O -, O -dementia O -, O -and O -stroke O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -general O -, O -the O -dihydropyridine B-Chemical -calcium B-Chemical -channel I-Chemical -blockers I-Chemical -are O -usually O -well O -tolerated O -, O -with O -headache O -, O -facial O -flushing O -, O -palpitations O -, O -edema O -, O -nausea O -, O -anorexia O -, O -and O -dizziness O -being O -the O -more O -common O -adverse O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enhancement O -of O -aminonucleoside B-Chemical -nephrosis O -by O -the O -co O -- O -administration O -of O -protamine O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -experimental O -model O -of O -focal O -segmental O -glomerular O -sclerosis O -( O -FSGS O -) O -was O -developed O -in O -rats O -by O -the O -combined O -administration O -of O -puromycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -( O -AMNS B-Chemical -) O -and O -protamine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -( O -PS B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -, O -uninephrectomized O -three O -weeks O -before O -, O -received O -daily O -injections O -of O -subcutaneous O -AMNS B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -g O -body O -wt O -) O -and O -intravenous O -PS B-Chemical -( O -2 O -separated O -doses O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -g O -body O -wt O -) O -for O -four O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -series O -of O -injections O -were O -repeated O -another O -three O -times O -at O -10 O -day O -intervals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -animals O -were O -sacrificed O -on O -days O -24 O -, O -52 O -, O -and O -80 O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -developed O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -and O -finally O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -- O -course O -curve O -of O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -dropped O -and O -showed O -significant O -difference O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -from O -that O -of O -each O -control O -group O -, O -such O -as O -, O -AMNS B-Chemical -alone O -, O -PS B-Chemical -alone O -or O -saline O -injected O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -glomeruli O -showed O -changes O -of O -progressive O -FSGS O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ultrastructural O -studies O -in O -the O -initial O -stage O -revealed O -significant O -lack O -of O -particles O -of O -perfused O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -on O -the O -lamina O -rara O -externa O -and O -marked O -changes O -in O -epithelial O -cell O -cytoplasm O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -administration O -of O -PS B-Chemical -enhances O -the O -toxicity O -of O -AMNS B-Chemical -on O -the O -glomerulus O -and O -readily O -produces O -progressive O -FSGS O -in O -rats O -resulting O -in O -the O -end O -- O -stage O -renal O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Theophylline B-Chemical -neurotoxicity O -in O -pregnant O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -investigation O -was O -to O -determine O -whether O -the O -neurotoxicity O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -is O -altered O -in O -advanced O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -that O -were O -20 O -days O -pregnant O -and O -nonpregnant O -rats O -of O -the O -same O -age O -and O -strain O -received O -infusions O -of O -aminophylline B-Chemical -until O -onset O -of O -maximal O -seizures O -which O -occurred O -after O -28 O -and O -30 O -minutes O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Theophylline B-Chemical -concentrations O -at O -this O -endpoint O -in O -serum O -( O -total O -) O -and O -CSF O -were O -similar O -but O -serum O -( O -free O -) O -and O -brain O -concentrations O -were O -slightly O -different O -in O -pregnant O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Theophylline B-Chemical -serum O -protein O -binding O -determined O -by O -equilibrium O -dialysis O -was O -lower O -in O -pregnant O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Fetal O -serum O -concentrations O -at O -onset O -of O -seizures O -in O -the O -mother O -were O -similar O -to O -maternal O -brain O -and O -CSF O -concentrations O -and O -correlated O -significantly O -with O -the O -former O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -advanced O -pregnancy O -has O -a O -negligible O -effect O -on O -the O -neurotoxic O -response O -to O -theophylline B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyperkalemia O -induced O -by O -indomethacin B-Chemical -and O -naproxen B-Chemical -and O -reversed O -by O -fludrocortisone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -described O -a O -patient O -with O -severe O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -and O -a O -history O -of O -mefenamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -nephropathy O -in O -whom O -hyperkalemia O -and O -inappropriate O -hypoaldosteronism O -were O -caused O -by O -both O -indomethacin B-Chemical -and O -naproxen B-Chemical -, O -without O -major O -decline O -in O -renal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -likely O -that O -preexisting O -renal O -disease O -predisposed O -this O -patient O -to O -type O -IV O -renal O -tubular O -acidosis O -with O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthetase O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -he O -was O -unable O -to O -discontinue O -nonsteroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drug O -therapy O -, O -fludrocortisone B-Chemical -was O -added O -, O -correcting O -the O -hyperkalemia O -and O -allowing O -indomethacin B-Chemical -therapy O -to O -be O -continued O -safely O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypotension O -as O -a O -manifestation O -of O -cardiotoxicity O -in O -three O -patients O -receiving O -cisplatin B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -symptoms O -, O -including O -hypotension O -, O -developed O -in O -three O -patients O -with O -advanced O -colorectal O -carcinoma O -while O -being O -treated O -with O -cisplatin B-Chemical -( O -CDDP B-Chemical -) O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -two O -patients O -, O -hypotension O -was O -associated O -with O -severe O -left O -ventricular O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -three O -patients O -required O -therapy O -discontinuation O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -enzymes O -remained O -normal O -despite O -transient O -electrocardiographic O -( O -EKG O -) O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presentation O -and O -cardiac O -evaluation O -( O -hemodynamic O -, O -echocardiographic O -, O -and O -scintigraphic O -) O -of O -these O -patients O -suggest O -new O -manifestations O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -cardiotoxicity O -that O -may O -be O -influenced O -by O -CDDP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -pathophysiologic O -mechanisms O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Fatal O -aplastic O -anemia O -in O -a O -patient O -treated O -with O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -fatal O -aplastic O -anemia O -due O -to O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -an O -epileptic O -woman O -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -concerns O -of O -fatal O -bone O -marrow O -toxicity O -due O -to O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -, O -this O -is O -only O -the O -fourth O -documented O -and O -published O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbamazepine B-Chemical -is O -a O -safe O -drug O -, O -but O -physicians O -and O -patients O -should O -be O -aware O -of O -the O -exceedingly O -rare O -but O -potentially O -fatal O -side O -effects O -, O -better O -prevented O -by O -clinical O -than O -by O -laboratory O -monitoring O -. O - -aps B-category -Participation O -of O -a O -bulbospinal O -serotonergic O -pathway O -in O -the O -rat O -brain O -in O -clonidine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -and O -bradycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -microinjection O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -- O -10 O -micrograms O -in O -1 O -microliter O -) O -into O -a O -region O -adjacent O -to O -the O -ventrolateral O -surface O -of O -the O -medulla O -oblongata O -on O -cardiovascular O -function O -were O -assessed O -in O -urethane B-Chemical -- O -anesthetized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Intramedullary O -administration O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -saline O -vehicle O -, O -caused O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -decrease O -in O -both O -the O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -and O -the O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clonidine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -was O -antagonized O -by O -prior O -spinal O -transection O -, O -but O -not O -bilateral O -vagotomy O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -clonidine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -bradycardia O -was O -antagonized O -by O -prior O -bilateral O -vagotomy O -, O -but O -not O -spinal O -transection O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -selective O -destruction O -of O -the O -spinal O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -nerves O -, O -produced O -by O -bilateral O -spinal O -injection O -of O -5 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -, O -reduced O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -vasodepressor O -or O -the O -bradycardiac O -responses O -to O -clonidine B-Chemical -microinjected O -into O -the O -area O -near O -the O -ventrolateral O -surface O -of O -the O -medulla O -oblongata O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -indicate O -that O -a O -bulbospinal O -serotonergic O -pathway O -is O -involved O -in O -development O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -and O -bradycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -induced O -hypotension O -is O -brought O -about O -by O -a O -decrease O -in O -sympathetic O -efferent O -activity O -, O -whereas O -the O -induced O -bradycardia O -was O -due O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -vagal O -efferent O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypertension O -in O -neuroblastoma O -induced O -by O -imipramine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hypertension O -is O -a O -well O -- O -known O -finding O -in O -some O -patients O -with O -neuroblastoma O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -it O -has O -not O -previously O -been O -described O -in O -association O -with O -the O -use O -of O -Imipramine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -occurrence O -of O -severe O -hypertension O -( O -blood O -pressure O -190 O -/ O -160 O -) O -in O -a O -4 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -girl O -with O -neuroblastoma O -who O -was O -given O -Imipramine B-Chemical -to O -control O -a O -behavior O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -determined O -later O -that O -this O -patient O -' O -s O -tumor O -was O -recurring O -at O -the O -time O -of O -her O -hypertensive O -episode O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -she O -had O -no O -blood O -pressure O -elevation O -at O -initial O -diagnosis O -and O -none O -following O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -Imipramine B-Chemical -( O -when O -she O -was O -in O -florid O -relapse O -) O -, O -we O -believe O -that O -this O -drug O -rather O -than O -her O -underlying O -disease O -alone O -caused O -her O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -for O -this O -reaction O -is O -believed O -to O -be O -increased O -levels O -of O -vasoactive O -catecholamines B-Chemical -due O -to O -interference O -of O -their O -physiologic O -inactivation O -by O -Imipramine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -From O -this O -experience O -, O -we O -urge O -extreme O -caution O -in O -the O -use O -of O -tricyclic O -antidepressants O -in O -children O -with O -active O -neuroblastoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Rechallenge O -of O -patients O -who O -developed O -oral O -candidiasis O -or O -hoarseness O -with O -beclomethasone B-Chemical -dipropionate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -158 O -asthmatic O -patients O -who O -were O -placed O -on O -inhaled O -beclomethasone B-Chemical -, O -15 O -( O -9 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -developed O -either O -hoarseness O -( O -8 O -) O -, O -oral O -thrush O -( O -6 O -) O -, O -or O -both O -( O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -their O -adverse O -reactions O -subsided O -, O -seven O -of O -these O -15 O -patients O -were O -rechallenged O -with O -inhaled O -beclomethasone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -included O -five O -cases O -who O -developed O -hoarseness O -and O -three O -who O -developed O -Candidiasis O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -patient O -had O -both O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -thrush O -did O -not O -recur O -, O -but O -60 O -% O -( O -3 O -/ O -5 O -) O -of O -patients O -with O -hoarseness O -had O -recurrence O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -patients O -may O -be O -restarted O -on O -inhaled O -beclomethasone B-Chemical -when O -clinically O -indicated O -; O -however O -, O -because O -of O -the O -high O -recurrence O -rate O -, O -patients O -who O -develop O -hoarseness O -should O -not O -be O -re O -- O -challenged O -. O - -aps B-category -Concomitant O -use O -of O -oral O -prednisone B-Chemical -and O -topical O -beclomethasone B-Chemical -may O -increase O -the O -risk O -of O -developing O -hoarseness O -or O -candidiasis O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -cardiotoxicity O -: O -an O -analysis O -of O -dosing O -as O -a O -risk O -factor O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -who O -undergo O -bone O -marrow O -transplantation O -are O -generally O -immunosuppressed O -with O -a O -dose O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -CYA B-Chemical -) O -which O -is O -usually O -calculated O -based O -on O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -these O -high O -doses O -of O -CYA B-Chemical -, O -serious O -cardiotoxicity O -may O -occur O -, O -but O -definitive O -risk O -factors O -for O -the O -development O -of O -such O -cardiotoxicity O -have O -not O -been O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -chemotherapeutic O -agent O -toxicity O -generally O -correlates O -with O -dose O -per O -body O -surface O -area O -, O -we O -retrospectively O -calculated O -the O -dose O -of O -CYA B-Chemical -in O -patients O -transplanted O -at O -our O -institution O -to O -determine O -whether O -the O -incidence O -of O -CYA B-Chemical -cardiotoxicity O -correlated O -with O -the O -dose O -per O -body O -surface O -area O -. O - -aps B-category -Eighty O -patients O -who O -were O -to O -receive O -CYA B-Chemical -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -d O -for O -four O -days O -as O -preparation O -for O -marrow O -grafting O -underwent O -a O -total O -of O -84 O -transplants O -for O -aplastic O -anemia O -, O -Wiskott O -- O -Aldrich O -syndrome O -, O -or O -severe O -combined O -immunodeficiency O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Fourteen O -of O -84 O -( O -17 O -% O -) O -patients O -had O -symptoms O -and O -signs O -consistent O -with O -CYA B-Chemical -cardiotoxicity O -within O -ten O -days O -of O -receiving O -1 O -to O -4 O -doses O -of O -CYA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -of O -the O -14 O -patients O -died O -with O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -of O -CYA B-Chemical -per O -body O -surface O -area O -was O -calculated O -for O -all O -patients O -and O -the O -patients O -were O -divided O -into O -two O -groups O -based O -on O -daily O -CYA B-Chemical -dose O -: O -Group O -1 O -, O -CYA B-Chemical -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -1 O -. O -55 O -g O -/ O -m2 O -/ O -d O -; O -Group O -2 O -, O -CYA B-Chemical -greater O -than O -1 O -. O -55 O -g O -/ O -m2 O -/ O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiotoxicity O -that O -was O -thought O -to O -be O -related O -to O -CYA B-Chemical -occurred O -in O -1 O -/ O -32 O -( O -3 O -% O -) O -of O -patients O -in O -Group O -1 O -and O -in O -13 O -/ O -52 O -( O -25 O -% O -) O -patients O -in O -Group O -2 O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -025 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Congestive O -heart O -failure O -caused O -or O -contributed O -to O -death O -in O -0 O -/ O -32 O -patients O -in O -Group O -1 O -v O -6 O -/ O -52 O -( O -12 O -% O -) O -of O -patients O -in O -Group O -2 O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -25 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -difference O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -engraftment O -of O -evaluable O -patients O -in O -the O -two O -groups O -( O -P O -greater O -than O -0 O -. O -5 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -the O -CYA B-Chemical -cardiotoxicity O -correlates O -with O -CYA B-Chemical -dosage O -as O -calculated O -by O -body O -surface O -area O -, O -and O -that O -patients O -with O -aplastic O -anemia O -and O -immunodeficiencies O -can O -be O -effectively O -prepared O -for O -bone O -marrow O -grafting O -at O -a O -CYA B-Chemical -dose O -of O -1 O -. O -55 O -g O -/ O -m2 O -/ O -d O -for O -four O -days O -with O -a O -lower O -incidence O -of O -cardiotoxicity O -than O -patients O -whose O -CYA B-Chemical -dosage O -is O -calculated O -based O -on O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -reaffirms O -the O -principle O -that O -drug O -toxicity O -correlates O -with O -dose O -per O -body O -surface O -area O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -risk O -factors O -for O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -epidemiology O -of O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrotoxicity O -is O -not O -fully O -understood O -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -studies O -in O -healthy O -human O -volunteers O -indicate O -aminoglycosides B-Chemical -cause O -proximal O -tubular O -damage O -in O -most O -patients O -, O -but O -rarely O -, O -if O -ever O -, O -cause O -glomerular O -or O -tubular O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -trials O -of O -aminoglycosides B-Chemical -in O -seriously O -ill O -patients O -indicate O -that O -the O -relative O -risk O -for O -developing O -acute O -renal O -failure O -during O -therapy O -ranges O -from O -8 O -to O -10 O -and O -that O -the O -attributable O -risk O -is O -70 O -% O -to O -80 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -analysis O -of O -these O -data O -suggests O -that O -the O -duration O -of O -therapy O -, O -plasma O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -levels O -, O -liver O -disease O -, O -advanced O -age O -, O -high O -initial O -estimated O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -and O -, O -possibly O -, O -female O -gender O -all O -increase O -the O -risk O -for O -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -causes O -of O -acute O -renal O -failure O -, O -such O -as O -shock O -, O -appear O -to O -have O -an O -additive O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Predictive O -models O -have O -been O -developed O -from O -these O -analyses O -that O -should O -be O -useful O -for O -identifying O -patients O -at O -high O -risk O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -models O -may O -also O -be O -useful O -in O -developing O -insights O -into O -the O -pathophysiology O -of O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Central O -action O -of O -narcotic O -analgesics O -. O - -aps B-category -Part O -IV O -. O - -aps B-category -Noradrenergic O -influences O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -analgesics O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -naphazoline B-Chemical -and O -xylometazoline B-Chemical -on O -analgesia O -induced O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -codeine B-Chemical -, O -fentanyl B-Chemical -and O -pentazocine B-Chemical -, O -and O -on O -cataleptic O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -codine B-Chemical -and O -fentanyl B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biochemical O -assays O -on O -the O -influence O -of O -four O -analgesics O -on O -the O -brain O -concentration O -and O -turnover O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -NA B-Chemical -) O -were O -also O -performed O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -three O -drugs O -stimulating O -central O -NA B-Chemical -receptors O -failed O -to O -affect O -the O -analgesic O -ED50 O -of O -all O -antinociceptive O -agents O -and O -they O -enhanced O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -fentanyl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Codeine B-Chemical -catalepsy O -was O -increased O -by O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -decreased O -by O -naphazoline B-Chemical -and O -xylometazoline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -brain O -concentration O -of O -NA B-Chemical -was O -not O -changed O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -fentanyl B-Chemical -, O -but O -one O -of O -the O -doses O -of O -codeine B-Chemical -( O -45 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -slightly O -enhanced O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -Pentazocine B-Chemical -dose O -- O -dependently O -decreased O -the O -brain O -level O -of O -NA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -NA B-Chemical -turnover O -was O -not O -altered O -by O -analgesics O -except O -for O -the O -higher O -dose O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -following O -which O -the O -disappearance O -of O -NA B-Chemical -from O -the O -brain O -was O -diminished O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -are O -discussed O -in O -the O -light O -of O -various O -and O -non O -- O -uniform O -data O -from O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -in O -rats O -the O -brain O -NA B-Chemical -plays O -a O -less O -important O -function O -than O -the O -other O -monoamines B-Chemical -in O -the O -behavioural O -activity O -of O -potent O -analgesics O -. O - -aps B-category -Flurothyl B-Chemical -seizure O -thresholds O -in O -mice O -treated O -neonatally O -with O -a O -single O -injection O -of O -monosodium B-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -( O -MSG B-Chemical -) O -: O -evaluation O -of O -experimental O -parameters O -in O -flurothyl B-Chemical -seizure O -testing O -. O - -aps B-category -Monosodium B-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -( O -MSG B-Chemical -) O -administration O -to O -neonatal O -rodents O -produces O -convulsions O -and O -results O -in O -numerous O -biochemical O -and O -behavioral O -deficits O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -were O -undertaken O -to O -determine O -if O -neonatal O -administration O -of O -MSG B-Chemical -produced O -permanent O -alterations O -in O -seizure O -susceptibility O -, O -since O -previous O -investigations O -were O -inconclusive O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -flurothyl B-Chemical -ether B-Chemical -seizure O -screening O -technique O -was O -used O -to O -evaluate O -seizure O -susceptibility O -in O -adult O -mice O -that O -received O -neonatal O -injections O -of O -MSG B-Chemical -( O -4 O -mg O -/ O -g O -and O -1 O -mg O -/ O -g O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -MSG B-Chemical -treatment O -resulted O -in O -significant O -reductions O -in O -whole O -brain O -weight O -but O -did O -not O -alter O -seizure O -threshold O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -naloxone B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -challenge O -was O -also O -ineffective O -in O -altering O -the O -seizure O -thresholds O -of O -either O -control O -of O -MSG B-Chemical -- O -treated O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Flurothyl B-Chemical -ether B-Chemical -produced O -hypothermia O -which O -was O -correlated O -with O -the O -duration O -of O -flurothyl B-Chemical -exposure O -; O -however O -, O -the O -relationship O -of O -hypothermia O -to O -seizure O -induction O -was O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -Flurothyl B-Chemical -seizure O -testing O -proved O -to O -be O -a O -rapid O -and O -reliable O -technique O -with O -which O -to O -evaluate O -seizure O -susceptibility O -. O - -aps B-category -Susceptibility O -to O -seizures O -produced O -by O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -in O -rats O -after O -microinjection O -of O -isoniazid B-Chemical -or O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -vinyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -GABA I-Chemical -into O -the O -substantia O -nigra O -. O - -aps B-category -Pilocarpine B-Chemical -, O -given O -intraperitoneally O -to O -rats O -, O -reproduces O -the O -neuropathological O -sequelae O -of O -temporal O -lobe O -epilepsy O -and O -provides O -a O -relevant O -animal O -model O -for O -studying O -mechanisms O -of O -buildup O -of O -convulsive O -activity O -and O -pathways O -operative O -in O -the O -generalization O -and O -propagation O -of O -seizures O -within O -the O -forebrain O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -the O -effects O -of O -manipulating O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -- O -mediated O -synaptic O -inhibition O -within O -the O -substantia O -nigra O -on O -seizures O -produced O -by O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -in O -rats O -, O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -animals O -pretreated O -with O -microinjections O -of O -isoniazid B-Chemical -, O -150 O -micrograms O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -activity O -of O -the O -GABA B-Chemical -- O -synthesizing O -enzyme O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -, O -into O -the O -substantia O -nigra O -pars O -reticulata O -( O -SNR O -) O -, O -bilaterally O -, O -non O -- O -convulsant O -doses O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -, O -100 O -and O -200 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -resulted O -in O -severe O -motor O -limbic O -seizures O -and O -status O -epilepticus O -. O - -aps B-category -Electroencephalographic O -and O -behavioral O -monitoring O -revealed O -a O -profound O -reduction O -of O -the O -threshold O -for O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphological O -analysis O -of O -frontal O -forebrain O -sections O -with O -light O -microscopy O -revealed O -seizure O -- O -related O -damage O -to O -the O -hippocampal O -formation O -, O -thalamus O -, O -amygdala O -, O -olfactory O -cortex O -, O -substantia O -nigra O -and O -neocortex O -, O -which O -is O -typically O -observed O -with O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -in O -doses O -exceeding O -350 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Bilateral O -intrastriatal O -injections O -of O -isoniazid B-Chemical -did O -not O -augment O -seizures O -produced O -by O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -, O -200 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Application O -of O -an O -irreversible O -inhibitor O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -transaminase O -, O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -vinyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -GABA I-Chemical -( O -D B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hex I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -enoic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -) O -, O -5 O -micrograms O -, O -into O -the O -SNR O -, O -bilaterally O -, O -suppressed O -the O -appearance O -of O -electrographic O -and O -behavioral O -seizures O -produced O -by O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -, O -380 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -treatment O -was O -also O -sufficient O -to O -protect O -animals O -from O -the O -occurrence O -of O -brain O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -Microinjections O -of O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -vinyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -GABA I-Chemical -, O -5 O -micrograms O -, O -into O -the O -dorsal O -striatum O -, O -bilaterally O -, O -failed O -to O -prevent O -the O -development O -of O -convulsions O -produced O -by O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -, O -380 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -demonstrate O -that O -the O -threshold O -for O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -in O -rats O -is O -subjected O -to O -the O -regulation O -of O -the O -GABA B-Chemical -- O -mediated O -synaptic O -inhibition O -within O -the O -substantia O -nigra O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -and O -canine O -ventricular O -vasoactive O -intestinal O -polypeptide O -: O -decrease O -with O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Vasoactive O -intestinal O -polypeptide O -( O -VIP O -) O -is O -a O -systemic O -and O -coronary O -vasodilator O -that O -may O -have O -positive O -inotropic O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -Myocardial O -levels O -of O -VIP O -were O -assayed O -before O -and O -after O -the O -development O -of O -heart O -failure O -in O -two O -canine O -models O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -first O -, O -cobalt B-Chemical -cardiomyopathy O -was O -induced O -in O -eight O -dogs O -; O -VIP O -( O -by O -radioimmunoassay O -) O -decreased O -from O -35 O -+ O -/ O -- O -11 O -pg O -/ O -mg O -protein O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -) O -to O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -pg O -/ O -mg O -protein O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -six O -dogs O -with O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -heart O -failure O -, O -VIP O -decreased O -from O -31 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -to O -11 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -pg O -/ O -mg O -protein O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -VIP O -content O -of O -left O -ventricular O -muscle O -of O -resected O -failing O -hearts O -in O -10 O -patients O -receiving O -a O -heart O -transplant O -was O -compared O -with O -the O -papillary O -muscles O -in O -14 O -patients O -( O -five O -with O -rheumatic O -disease O -, O -nine O -with O -myxomatous O -degeneration O -) O -receiving O -mitral O -valve O -prostheses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lowest O -myocardial O -VIP O -concentration O -was O -found O -in O -the O -hearts O -of O -patients O -with O -coronary O -disease O -( O -one O -patient O -receiving O -a O -transplant O -and O -three O -receiving O -mitral O -prostheses O -) O -( O -6 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -9 O -pg O -/ O -mg O -protein O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -other O -patients O -undergoing O -transplantation O -had O -an O -average O -ejection O -fraction O -of O -17 O -% O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -% O -and O -a O -VIP O -level O -of O -8 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -9 O -pg O -/ O -mg O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hearts O -without O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -( O -average O -ejection O -fraction O -of O -this O -group O -62 O -% O -+ O -/ O -- O -10 O -% O -) O -had O -a O -VIP O -concentration O -of O -14 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -. O -9 O -pg O -/ O -mg O -protein O -, O -and O -this O -was O -greater O -than O -in O -hearts O -of O -the O -patients O -with O -coronary O -disease O -and O -the O -hearts O -of O -patients O -receiving O -a O -transplant O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Myocardial O -catecholamines B-Chemical -were O -also O -determined O -in O -14 O -subjects O -; O -a O -weak O -correlation O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -57 O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -between O -the O -tissue O -concentrations O -of O -VIP O -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -was O -noted O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Non O -- O -invasive O -detection O -of O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -by O -body O -surface O -electrocardiographic O -mapping O -after O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrocardiographic O -changes O -after O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -infusion O -( O -0 O -. O -568 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -4 O -min O -) O -were O -studied O -in O -41 O -patients O -with O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -and O -compared O -with O -those O -after O -submaximal O -treadmill O -exercise O -by O -use O -of O -the O -body O -surface O -mapping O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -divided O -into O -three O -groups O -; O -19 O -patients O -without O -myocardial O -infarction O -( O -non O -- O -MI O -group O -) O -, O -14 O -with O -anterior O -infarction O -( O -ANT O -- O -MI O -) O -and O -eight O -with O -inferior O -infarction O -( O -INF O -- O -MI O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Eighty O -- O -seven O -unipolar O -electrocardiograms O -( O -ECGs O -) O -distributed O -over O -the O -entire O -thoracic O -surface O -were O -simultaneously O -recorded O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -, O -ischemic O -ST O -- O -segment O -depression O -( O -0 O -. O -05 O -mV O -or O -more O -) O -was O -observed O -in O -84 O -% O -of O -the O -non O -- O -MI O -group O -, O -29 O -% O -of O -the O -ANT O -- O -MI O -group O -, O -63 O -% O -of O -the O -INF O -- O -MI O -group O -and O -61 O -% O -of O -the O -total O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -Exercise O -- O -induced O -ST O -depression O -was O -observed O -in O -84 O -% O -of O -the O -non O -- O -MI O -group O -, O -43 O -% O -of O -the O -ANT O -- O -MI O -group O -, O -38 O -% O -of O -the O -INF O -- O -MI O -group O -and O -61 O -% O -of O -the O -total O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -individual O -patients O -, O -there O -were O -no O -obvious O -differences O -between O -the O -body O -surface O -distribution O -of O -ST O -depression O -in O -both O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -pressure O -rate O -product O -after O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -less O -than O -that O -during O -the O -treadmill O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -the O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -ischemia O -is O -caused O -by O -the O -inhomogenous O -distribution O -of O -myocardial O -blood O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -the O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -ECG O -test O -is O -as O -useful O -as O -the O -exercise O -ECG O -test O -for O -the O -assessment O -of O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Bradycardia O -after O -high O -- O -dose O -intravenous O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -5 O -consecutive O -patients O -with O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -who O -received O -intravenous O -high O -- O -dose O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -( O -MP B-Chemical -) O -therapy O -( O -1 O -g O -daily O -for O -2 O -or O -3 O -consecutive O -days O -) O -, O -a O -decline O -in O -pulse O -rate O -was O -observed O -, O -most O -pronounced O -on O -day O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -one O -of O -the O -5 O -patients O -the O -bradycardia O -was O -associated O -with O -complaints O -of O -substernal O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversal O -to O -normal O -heart O -rate O -was O -found O -on O -day O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrocardiographic O -registrations O -showed O -sinus O -bradycardia O -in O -all O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -changes O -in O -plasma O -concentrations O -of O -electrolytes O -were O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Careful O -observation O -of O -patients O -receiving O -high O -- O -dose O -MP B-Chemical -is O -recommended O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -- O -dose O -MP B-Chemical -may O -be O -contraindicated O -in O -patients O -with O -known O -heart O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -cases O -of O -downbeat O -nystagmus O -and O -oscillopsia O -associated O -with O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Downbeat O -nystagmus O -is O -often O -associated O -with O -structural O -lesions O -at O -the O -craniocervical O -junction O -, O -but O -has O -occasionally O -been O -reported O -as O -a O -manifestation O -of O -metabolic O -imbalance O -or O -drug O -intoxication O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -recorded O -the O -eye O -movements O -of O -two O -patients O -with O -reversible O -downbeat O -nystagmus O -related O -to O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nystagmus O -of O -both O -patients O -resolved O -after O -reduction O -of O -the O -serum O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroradiologic O -investigations O -including O -magnetic O -resonance O -imaging O -scans O -in O -both O -patients O -showed O -no O -evidence O -of O -intracranial O -abnormality O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -with O -downbeat O -nystagmus O -who O -are O -taking O -anticonvulsant O -medications O -, O -consideration O -should O -be O -given O -to O -reduction O -in O -dose O -before O -further O -investigation O -is O -undertaken O -. O - -aps B-category -Improvement O -by O -denopamine B-Chemical -( O -TA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -064 I-Chemical -) O -of O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiac O -failure O -in O -the O -dog O -heart O -- O -lung O -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -efficacy O -of O -denopamine B-Chemical -, O -an O -orally O -active O -beta O -1 O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonist O -, O -in O -improving O -cardiac O -failure O -was O -assessed O -in O -dog O -heart O -- O -lung O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -functions O -depressed O -by O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -( O -118 O -+ O -/ O -- O -28 O -mg O -; O -mean O -value O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -) O -such O -that O -cardiac O -output O -and O -maximum O -rate O -of O -rise O -of O -left O -ventricular O -pressure O -( O -LV O -dP O -/ O -dt O -max O -) O -had O -been O -reduced O -by O -about O -35 O -% O -and O -26 O -% O -of O -the O -respective O -controls O -were O -improved O -by O -denopamine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -- O -300 O -micrograms O -) O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -100 O -micrograms O -denopamine B-Chemical -, O -almost O -complete O -restoration O -of O -cardiac O -performance O -was O -attained O -, O -associated O -with O -a O -slight O -increase O -in O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -arrhythmias O -were O -induced O -by O -these O -doses O -of O -denopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -warrant O -clinical O -trials O -of O -denopamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -cardiac O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Clonazepam B-Chemical -monotherapy O -for O -epilepsy O -in O -childhood O -. O - -aps B-category -Sixty O -patients O -( O -age O -- O -range O -one O -month O -to O -14 O -years O -) O -with O -other O -types O -of O -epilepsy O -than O -infantile O -spasms O -were O -treated O -with O -clonazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Disappearance O -of O -seizures O -and O -normalization O -of O -abnormal O -EEG O -with O -disappearance O -of O -seizures O -were O -recognized O -in O -77 O -% O -and O -50 O -% O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Seizures O -disappeared O -in O -71 O -% O -of O -the O -patients O -with O -generalized O -seizures O -and O -89 O -% O -of O -partial O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Improvement O -of O -abnormal O -EEG O -was O -noticed O -in O -76 O -% O -of O -diffuse O -paroxysms O -and O -in O -67 O -% O -of O -focal O -paroxysms O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -excellent O -cases O -, O -mean O -effective O -dosages O -were O -0 O -. O -086 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -021 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -in O -infants O -and O -0 O -. O -057 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -022 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -in O -schoolchildren O -, O -this O -difference O -was O -statistically O -significant O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -side O -effects O -such O -as O -drowsiness O -and O -ataxia O -was O -only O -5 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Postmarketing O -study O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -- O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -antihypertensive O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -postmarketing O -surveillance O -study O -was O -conducted O -to O -determine O -the O -safety O -and O -efficacy O -of O -a O -fixed O -- O -ratio O -combination O -containing O -10 O -mg O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -maleate I-Chemical -and O -25 O -mg O -of O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -, O -administered O -twice O -daily O -for O -one O -month O -to O -hypertensive O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -on O -9 O -, O -037 O -patients O -were O -collected O -by O -1 O -, O -455 O -participating O -physicians O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -decreased O -25 O -mmHg O -and O -mean O -diastolic O -blood O -pressure O -declined O -15 O -mmHg O -after O -one O -month O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -- O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -therapy O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -, O -both O -comparisons O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Age O -, O -race O -, O -and O -sex O -appeared O -to O -have O -no O -influence O -on O -the O -decrease O -in O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antihypertensive O -effect O -of O -the O -drug O -was O -greater O -in O -patients O -with O -more O -severe O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Overall O -, O -1 O -, O -453 O -patients O -experienced O -a O -total O -of O -2 O -, O -658 O -adverse O -events O -, O -the O -most O -common O -being O -fatigue O -, O -dizziness O -, O -and O -weakness O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -in O -590 O -patients O -was O -discontinued O -because O -of O -adverse O -events O -. O - -aps B-category -Salicylate B-Chemical -nephropathy O -in O -the O -Gunn O -rat O -: O -potential O -role O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -examined O -the O -potential O -role O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -in O -the O -development O -of O -analgesic O -nephropathy O -in O -the O -Gunn O -strain O -of O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -homozygous O -Gunn O -rats O -have O -unconjugated O -hyperbilirubinemia O -due O -to O -the O -absence O -of O -glucuronyl B-Chemical -transferase O -, O -leading O -to O -marked O -bilirubin B-Chemical -deposition O -in O -renal O -medulla O -and O -papilla O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -rats O -are O -also O -highly O -susceptible O -to O -develop O -papillary O -necrosis O -with O -analgesic O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -used O -homozygous O -( O -jj O -) O -and O -phenotypically O -normal O -heterozygous O -( O -jJ O -) O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -groups O -of O -rats O -( O -n O -= O -7 O -) O -were O -studied O -: O -jj O -and O -jJ O -rats O -treated O -either O -with O -aspirin B-Chemical -300 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -every O -other O -day O -or O -sham O -- O -treated O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -one O -week O -, O -slices O -of O -cortex O -, O -outer O -and O -inner O -medulla O -from O -one O -kidney O -were O -incubated O -in O -buffer O -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthesis O -was O -determined O -by O -radioimmunoassay O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -other O -kidney O -was O -examined O -histologically O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -marked O -corticomedullary O -gradient O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthesis O -was O -observed O -in O -all O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -PGE2 B-Chemical -synthesis O -was O -significantly O -higher O -in O -outer O -medulla O -, O -but O -not O -cortex O -or O -inner O -medulla O -, O -of O -jj O -( O -38 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -ng O -/ O -mg O -prot O -) O -than O -jJ O -rats O -( O -15 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -) O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspirin B-Chemical -treatment O -reduced O -PGE2 B-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -all O -regions O -, O -but O -outer O -medullary O -PGE2 B-Chemical -remained O -higher O -in O -jj O -( O -18 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -) O -than O -jJ O -rats O -( O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -) O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -PGF2 B-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -was O -also O -significantly O -higher O -in O -the O -outer O -medulla O -of O -jj O -rats O -with O -and O -without O -aspirin B-Chemical -administration O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -changes O -in O -renal O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthesis O -were O -accompanied O -by O -evidence O -of O -renal O -damage O -in O -aspirin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -jj O -but O -not O -jJ O -rats O -as O -evidenced O -by O -: O -increased O -incidence O -and O -severity O -of O -hematuria O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -; O -increased O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -; O -and O -increase O -in O -outer O -medullary O -histopathologic O -lesions O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -005 O -compared O -to O -either O -sham O -- O -treated O -jj O -or O -aspirin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -jJ O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -enhanced O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthesis O -contributes O -to O -maintenance O -of O -renal O -function O -and O -morphological O -integrity O -, O -and O -that O -inhibition O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthesis O -may O -lead O -to O -pathological O -renal O -medullary O -lesions O -and O -deterioration O -of O -renal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Prophylactic O -lidocaine B-Chemical -in O -the O -early O -phase O -of O -suspected O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -hundred O -two O -patients O -with O -suspected O -myocardial O -infarction O -seen O -within O -6 O -hours O -of O -the O -onset O -of O -symptoms O -entered O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -randomized O -trial O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -vs O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -1 O -hour O -after O -administration O -of O -the O -drug O -the O -incidence O -of O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -or O -sustained O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -among O -the O -204 O -patients O -with O -acute O -myocardial O -infarction O -was O -low O -, O -1 O -. O -5 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Lidocaine B-Chemical -, O -given O -in O -a O -300 O -mg O -dose O -intramuscularly O -followed O -by O -100 O -mg O -intravenously O -, O -did O -not O -prevent O -sustained O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -, O -although O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -reduction O -in O -the O -number O -of O -patients O -with O -warning O -arrhythmias O -between O -15 O -and O -45 O -minutes O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -plasma O -lidocaine B-Chemical -level O -10 O -minutes O -after O -administration O -for O -patients O -without O -a O -myocardial O -infarction O -was O -significantly O -higher O -than O -that O -for O -patients O -with O -an O -acute O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -plasma O -lidocaine B-Chemical -level O -of O -patients O -on O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agents O -was O -no O -different O -from O -that O -in O -patients O -not O -on O -beta O -blocking O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -1 O -- O -hour O -study O -period O -, O -the O -incidence O -of O -central O -nervous O -system O -side O -effects O -was O -significantly O -greater O -in O -the O -lidocaine B-Chemical -group O -, O -hypotension O -occurred O -in O -11 O -patients O -, O -nine O -of O -whom O -had O -received O -lidocaine B-Chemical -, O -and O -four O -patients O -died O -from O -asystole O -, O -three O -of O -whom O -had O -had O -lidocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -cannot O -advocate O -the O -administration O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -prophylactically O -in O -the O -early O -hours O -of O -suspected O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -a O -cholinergic O -role O -in O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -in O -mice O -tested O -previous O -evidence O -that O -activation O -of O -cholinergic O -systems O -promotes O -catalepsy O -and O -that O -cholinergic O -mechanisms O -need O -to O -be O -intact O -for O -full O -expression O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Large O -doses O -of O -the O -cholinomimetic O -, O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -, O -could O -induce O -catalepsy O -when O -peripheral O -cholinergic O -receptors O -were O -blocked O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -doses O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -caused O -a O -pronounced O -enhancement O -of O -the O -catalepsy O -that O -was O -induced O -by O -the O -dopaminergic O -blocker O -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -muscarinic O -receptor O -blocker O -, O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -disrupted O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracranial O -injection O -of O -an O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -- O -synthesis O -inhibitor O -, O -hemicholinium B-Chemical -, O -prevented O -the O -catalepsy O -that O -is O -usually O -induced O -by O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -catalepsy O -that O -is O -produced O -by O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -such O -as O -haloperidol B-Chemical -is O -actually O -mediated O -by O -intrinsic O -central O -cholinergic O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Alternatively O -, O -activation O -of O -central O -cholinergic O -systems O -could O -promote O -catalepsy O -by O -suppression O -of O -dopaminergic O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiovascular O -dysfunction O -and O -hypersensitivity O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -pentobarbital I-Chemical -induced O -by O -chronic O -barium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -ingestion O -. O - -aps B-category -Barium B-Chemical -- O -supplemented O -Long O -- O -Evans O -hooded O -rats O -were O -characterized O -by O -a O -persistent O -hypertension O -that O -was O -evident O -after O -1 O -month O -of O -barium B-Chemical -( O -100 O -micrograms O -/ O -ml O -mineral O -fortified O -water O -) O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -in O -vivo O -myocardial O -excitability O -, O -contractility O -, O -and O -metabolic O -characteristics O -at O -16 O -months O -revealed O -other O -significant O -barium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -disturbances O -within O -the O -cardiovascular O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -distinctive O -aspect O -of O -the O -barium B-Chemical -effect O -was O -a O -demonstrated O -hypersensitivity O -of O -the O -cardiovascular O -system O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -pentobarbital I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -barbiturate B-Chemical -anesthesia O -, O -virtually O -all O -of O -the O -myocardial O -contractile O -indices O -were O -depressed O -significantly O -in O -barium B-Chemical -- O -exposed O -rats O -relative O -to O -the O -corresponding O -control O -- O -fed O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lack O -of O -a O -similar O -response O -to O -ketamine B-Chemical -and O -xylazine B-Chemical -anesthesia O -revealed O -that O -the O -cardiovascular O -actions O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -pentobarbital I-Chemical -in O -barium B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -were O -linked O -specifically O -to O -this O -anesthetic O -, O -and O -were O -not O -representative O -of O -a O -generalized O -anesthetic O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -myocardial O -pathophysiologic O -and O -metabolic O -changes O -induced O -by O -barium B-Chemical -were O -manifest O -, O -irrespective O -of O -the O -anesthetic O -employed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -contractile O -element O -shortening O -velocity O -of O -the O -cardiac O -muscle O -fibers O -was O -significantly O -slower O -in O -both O -groups O -of O -barium B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -relative O -to O -the O -control O -groups O -, O -irrespective O -of O -the O -anesthetic O -regimen O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -significant O -disturbances O -in O -myocardial O -energy O -metabolism O -were O -detected O -in O -the O -barium B-Chemical -- O -exposed O -rats O -which O -were O -consistent O -with O -the O -reduced O -contractile O -element O -shortening O -velocity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -excitability O -of O -the O -cardiac O -conduction O -system O -was O -depressed O -preferentially O -in O -the O -atrioventricular O -nodal O -region O -of O -hearts O -from O -barium B-Chemical -- O -exposed O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Overall O -, O -the O -altered O -cardiac O -contractility O -and O -excitability O -characteristics O -, O -the O -myocardial O -metabolic O -disturbances O -, O -and O -the O -hypersensitivity O -of O -the O -cardiovascular O -system O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -pentobarbital I-Chemical -suggest O -the O -existence O -of O -a O -heretofore O -undescribed O -cardiomyopathic O -disorder O -induced O -by O -chronic O -barium B-Chemical -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -experimental O -findings O -represent O -the O -first O -indication O -that O -life O -- O -long O -barium B-Chemical -ingestion O -may O -have O -significant O -adverse O -effects O -on O -the O -mammalian O -cardiovascular O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -antagonism O -of O -phenylpropanolamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylpropanolamine B-Chemical -( O -PPA B-Chemical -) O -overdose O -can O -cause O -severe O -hypertension O -, O -intracerebral O -hemorrhage O -, O -and O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -the O -efficacy O -and O -safety O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -PPA B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Subjects O -received O -propranolol B-Chemical -either O -by O -mouth O -for O -48 O -hours O -before O -PPA B-Chemical -or O -as O -a O -rapid O -intravenous O -infusion O -after O -PPA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -PPA B-Chemical -, O -75 O -mg O -alone O -, O -increased O -blood O -pressure O -( O -31 O -+ O -/ O -- O -14 O -mm O -Hg O -systolic O -, O -20 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -mm O -Hg O -diastolic O -) O -, O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -pretreatment O -antagonized O -this O -increase O -( O -12 O -+ O -/ O -- O -10 O -mm O -Hg O -systolic O -, O -10 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -mm O -Hg O -diastolic O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -propranolol B-Chemical -after O -PPA B-Chemical -also O -decreased O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Left O -ventricular O -function O -( O -assessed O -by O -echocardiography O -) O -showed O -that O -PPA B-Chemical -increased O -the O -stroke O -volume O -30 O -% O -( O -from O -62 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -20 O -. O -9 O -to O -80 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -22 O -. O -4 O -ml O -) O -, O -the O -ejection O -fraction O -9 O -% O -( O -from O -64 O -% O -+ O -/ O -- O -10 O -% O -to O -70 O -% O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -cardiac O -output O -14 O -% O -( O -from O -3 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -6 O -to O -4 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -L O -/ O -min O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -propranolol B-Chemical -reversed O -these O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Systemic O -vascular O -resistance O -was O -increased O -by O -PPA B-Chemical -28 O -% O -( O -from O -1710 O -+ O -/ O -- O -200 O -to O -2190 O -+ O -/ O -- O -700 O -dyne O -X O -sec O -/ O -cm5 O -) O -and O -was O -further O -increased O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -22 O -% O -( O -to O -2660 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1200 O -dyne O -X O -sec O -/ O -cm5 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -PPA B-Chemical -increases O -blood O -pressure O -by O -increasing O -systemic O -vascular O -resistance O -and O -cardiac O -output O -, O -and O -that O -propranolol B-Chemical -antagonizes O -this O -increase O -by O -reversing O -the O -effect O -of O -PPA B-Chemical -on O -cardiac O -output O -. O - -aps B-category -That O -propranolol B-Chemical -antagonizes O -the O -pressor O -effect O -of O -PPA B-Chemical -is O -in O -contrast O -to O -the O -interaction O -in O -which O -propranolol B-Chemical -enhances O -the O -pressor O -effect O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -probably O -because O -PPA B-Chemical -has O -less O -beta O -2 O -activity O -than O -does O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Mesangial O -function O -and O -glomerular O -sclerosis O -in O -rats O -with O -aminonucleoside B-Chemical -nephrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -relationship O -between O -mesangial O -dysfunction O -and O -development O -of O -glomerular O -sclerosis O -was O -studied O -in O -the O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -( O -PAN B-Chemical -) O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -male O -Wistar O -rats O -received O -repeated O -subcutaneous O -PAN B-Chemical -injections O -; O -five O -controls O -received O -saline O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -4 O -weeks O -the O -PAN B-Chemical -rats O -were O -severely O -proteinuric O -( O -190 O -+ O -/ O -- O -80 O -mg O -/ O -24 O -hr O -) O -, O -and O -all O -rats O -were O -given O -colloidal O -carbon B-Chemical -( O -CC O -) O -intravenously O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -5 O -months O -glomerular O -sclerosis O -was O -found O -in O -7 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -4 O -% O -of O -the O -glomeruli O -of O -PAN B-Chemical -rats O -; O -glomeruli O -of O -the O -controls O -were O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -Glomeruli O -of O -PAN B-Chemical -rats O -contained O -significantly O -more O -CC O -than O -glomeruli O -of O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Glomeruli O -with O -sclerosis O -contained O -significantly O -more O -CC O -than O -non O -- O -sclerotic O -glomeruli O -in O -the O -same O -kidneys O -. O - -aps B-category -CC O -was O -preferentially O -localized O -within O -the O -sclerotic O -areas O -of O -the O -affected O -glomeruli O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -mesangial O -CC O -clearance O -from O -the O -mesangium O -did O -not O -change O -during O -chronic O -PAN B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -we O -conclude O -that O -this O -preferential O -CC O -localization O -within O -the O -lesions O -is O -caused O -by O -an O -increased O -CC O -uptake O -shortly O -after O -injection O -in O -apparent O -vulnerable O -areas O -where O -sclerosis O -will O -develop O -subsequently O -. O - -aps B-category -Cluster O -analysis O -showed O -a O -random O -distribution O -of O -lesions O -in O -the O -PAN B-Chemical -glomeruli O -in O -concordance O -with O -the O -random O -localization O -of O -mesangial O -areas O -with O -dysfunction O -in O -this O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -to O -the O -remnant O -kidney O -model O -in O -PAN B-Chemical -nephrosis O -the O -development O -of O -glomerular O -sclerosis O -may O -be O -related O -to O -" O -mesangial O -overloading O -. O -" O - -aps B-category -Relationship O -between O -nicotine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -and O -hippocampal O -nicotinic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -controversy O -has O -existed O -for O -several O -years O -concerning O -the O -physiological O -relevance O -of O -the O -nicotinic O -receptor O -measured O -by O -alpha O -- O -bungarotoxin O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -mice O -derived O -from O -a O -classical O -F2 O -and O -backcross O -genetic O -design O -, O -a O -relationship O -between O -nicotine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -and O -alpha O -- O -bungarotoxin O -nicotinic O -receptor O -concentration O -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Mice O -sensitive O -to O -the O -convulsant O -effects O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -had O -greater O -alpha O -- O -bungarotoxin O -binding O -in O -the O -hippocampus O -than O -seizure O -insensitive O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -sites O -from O -seizure O -sensitive O -and O -resistant O -mice O -were O -equally O -affected O -by O -treatment O -with O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -trypsin O -or O -heat O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -it O -appears O -that O -the O -difference O -between O -seizure O -sensitive O -and O -insensitive O -animals O -may O -be O -due O -to O -a O -difference O -in O -hippocampal O -nicotinic O -receptor O -concentration O -as O -measured O -with O -alpha O -- O -bungarotoxin O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminophenol I-Chemical -in O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrotoxicity O -: O -effect O -of O -bis B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrophenyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -on O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -and O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminophenol I-Chemical -nephrotoxicity O -and O -metabolism O -in O -Fischer O -344 O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetaminophen B-Chemical -( O -APAP B-Chemical -) O -produces O -proximal O -tubular O -necrosis O -in O -Fischer O -344 O -( O -F344 O -) O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Recently O -, O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminophenol I-Chemical -( O -PAP B-Chemical -) O -, O -a O -known O -potent O -nephrotoxicant O -, O -was O -identified O -as O -a O -metabolite O -of O -APAP B-Chemical -in O -F344 O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -if O -PAP B-Chemical -formation O -is O -a O -requisite O -step O -in O -APAP B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -bis B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrophenyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -BNPP B-Chemical -) O -, O -an O -acylamidase O -inhibitor O -, O -on O -APAP B-Chemical -and O -PAP B-Chemical -nephrotoxicity O -and O -metabolism O -was O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -BNPP B-Chemical -( O -1 O -to O -8 O -mM O -) O -reduced O -APAP B-Chemical -deacetylation O -and O -covalent O -binding O -in O -F344 O -renal O -cortical O -homogenates O -in O -a O -concentration O -- O -dependent O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -of O -animals O -with O -BNPP B-Chemical -prior O -to O -APAP B-Chemical -or O -PAP B-Chemical -administration O -resulted O -in O -marked O -reduction O -of O -APAP B-Chemical -( O -900 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -nephrotoxicity O -but O -not O -PAP B-Chemical -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -result O -was O -not O -due O -to O -altered O -disposition O -of O -either O -APAP B-Chemical -or O -acetylated O -metabolites O -in O -plasma O -or O -renal O -cortical O -and O -hepatic O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Rather O -, O -BNPP B-Chemical -pretreatment O -reduced O -the O -fraction O -of O -APAP B-Chemical -excreted O -as O -PAP B-Chemical -by O -64 O -and O -75 O -% O -after O -APAP B-Chemical -doses O -of O -750 O -and O -900 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -BNPP B-Chemical -did O -not O -alter O -the O -excretion O -of O -APAP B-Chemical -or O -any O -of O -its O -non O -- O -deacetylated O -metabolites O -nor O -did O -BNPP B-Chemical -alter O -excretion O -of O -PAP B-Chemical -or O -its O -metabolites O -after O -PAP B-Chemical -doses O -of O -150 O -and O -300 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -the O -BNPP B-Chemical -- O -induced O -reduction O -in O -APAP B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrotoxicity O -appears O -to O -be O -due O -to O -inhibition O -of O -APAP B-Chemical -deacetylation O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -PAP B-Chemical -formation O -, O -in O -vivo O -, O -accounts O -, O -at O -least O -in O -part O -, O -for O -APAP B-Chemical -- O -induced O -renal O -tubular O -necrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -in O -newborn O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -neonates O -suffered O -from O -generalized O -seizures O -during O -the O -course O -of O -intravenous O -morphine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -for O -post O -- O -operative O -analgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -received O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -doses O -of O -32 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -/ O -hr O -and O -40 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -/ O -hr O -larger O -than O -a O -group O -of O -10 O -neonates O -who O -received O -6 O -- O -24 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -/ O -hr O -and O -had O -no O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -concentrations O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -these O -neonates O -was O -excessive O -( O -60 O -and O -90 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -known O -reasons O -for O -seizures O -were O -ruled O -out O -and O -the O -convulsions O -stopped O -a O -few O -hours O -after O -cessation O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -did O -not O -reoccur O -in O -the O -subsequent O -8 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -post O -- O -operative O -intravenous O -morphine B-Chemical -should O -not O -exceed O -20 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -/ O -ml O -in O -neonates O -. O - -aps B-category -Indomethacin B-Chemical -induced O -hypotension O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -volume O -depleted O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -single O -oral O -dose O -of O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -indomethacin B-Chemical -( O -IDM B-Chemical -) O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -volume O -depleted O -rats O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -( O -PRA O -) O -and O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -fell O -significantly O -within O -four O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -sodium B-Chemical -repleted O -animals O -indomethacin B-Chemical -did O -not O -change O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -( O -BP O -) O -although O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -was O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -indomethacin B-Chemical -by O -inhibition O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthesis O -may O -diminish O -the O -blood O -pressure O -maintaining O -effect O -of O -the O -stimulated O -renin O -- O -angiotensin B-Chemical -system O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -volume O -depletion O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -antiarrhythmic O -activity O -of O -one O -N O -- O -substituted O -piperazine B-Chemical -derivative O -of O -trans B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tetrahydroanaphthalene I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antiarrhythmic O -activity O -of O -the O -compound O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -trans I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tetrahydro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -naphthyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylpropyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -piperazine I-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -, O -referred O -to O -as O -P11 B-Chemical -, O -is O -studied O -on O -anaesthesized O -cats O -and O -Wistar O -albino O -rats O -, O -as O -well O -as O -on O -non O -- O -anaesthesized O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -types O -of O -experimental O -arrhythmia O -are O -used O -- O -- O -with O -BaCl2 B-Chemical -, O -with O -chloroform B-Chemical -- O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -with O -strophantine B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -and O -with O -aconitine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -compound O -P11 B-Chemical -is O -introduced O -in O -doses O -of O -0 O -. O -25 O -and O -0 O -. O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -intravenously O -and O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -orally O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -compound O -manifests O -antiarrhythmic O -activity O -in O -all O -models O -of O -experimental O -arrhythmia O -used O -, O -causing O -greatest O -inhibition O -on O -the O -arrhythmia O -induced O -by O -chloroform B-Chemical -- O -adrenaline B-Chemical -( O -in O -90 O -per O -cent O -) O -and O -with O -BaCl2 B-Chemical -( O -in O -84 O -per O -cent O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -obtained O -are O -associated O -with O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoblocking O -and O -with O -the O -membrane O -- O -stabilizing O -action O -of O -the O -compound O -. O - -aps B-category -Recurrent O -subarachnoid O -hemorrhage O -associated O -with O -aminocaproic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -therapy O -and O -acute O -renal O -artery O -thrombosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -Epsilon B-Chemical -aminocaproic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -EACA B-Chemical -) O -has O -been O -used O -to O -prevent O -rebleeding O -in O -patients O -with O -subarachnoid O -hemorrhage O -( O -SAH O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -this O -agent O -does O -decrease O -the O -frequency O -of O -rebleeding O -, O -several O -reports O -have O -described O -thrombotic O -complications O -of O -EACA B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -complications O -have O -included O -clinical O -deterioration O -and O -intracranial O -vascular O -thrombosis O -in O -patients O -with O -SAH O -, O -arteriolar O -and O -capillary O -fibrin O -thrombi O -in O -patients O -with O -fibrinolytic O -syndromes O -treated O -with O -EACA B-Chemical -, O -or O -other O -thromboembolic O -phenomena O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -intravascular O -fibrin O -thrombi O -are O -often O -observed O -in O -patients O -with O -fibrinolytic O -disorders O -, O -EACA B-Chemical -should O -not O -be O -implicated O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -fibrin O -thrombi O -in O -patients O -with O -disseminated O -intravascular O -coagulation O -or O -other O -" O -consumption O -coagulopathies O -. O -" O -This O -report O -describes O -subtotal O -infarction O -of O -the O -kidney O -due O -to O -thrombosis O -of O -a O -normal O -renal O -artery O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -occlusion O -occurred O -after O -EACA B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -SAH O -and O -histopathological O -documentation O -of O -recurrent O -SAH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -corresponding O -clinical O -event O -was O -characterized O -by O -marked O -hypertension O -and O -abrupt O -neurological O -deterioration O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -vincristine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -on O -Pseudomonas O -infections O -in O -monkeys O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rhesus O -monkeys O -, O -intravenous O -challenge O -with O -0 O -. O -6 O -x O -10 O -( O -10 O -) O -to O -2 O -. O -2 O -x O -10 O -( O -10 O -) O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -organisms O -caused O -acute O -illness O -of O -4 O -to O -5 O -days O -' O -duration O -with O -spontaneous O -recovery O -in O -13 O -of O -15 O -monkeys O -; O -blood O -cultures O -became O -negative O -3 O -to O -17 O -days O -after O -challenge O -. O - -aps B-category -Leukocytosis O -was O -observed O -in O -all O -monkeys O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -or O -intratracheal O -inoculation O -of O -2 O -. O -0 O -to O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -of O -vincristine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -was O -followed O -by O -leukopenia O -in O -4 O -to O -5 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -inoculation O -of O -4 O -. O -2 O -x O -10 O -( O -10 O -) O -to O -7 O -. O -8 O -x O -10 O -( O -10 O -) O -pyocin O -type O -6 O -Pseudomonas O -organisms O -in O -monkeys O -given O -vincristine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -4 O -days O -previously O -resulted O -in O -fatal O -infection O -in O -11 O -of O -14 O -monkeys O -, O -whereas O -none O -of O -four O -receiving O -Pseudomonas O -alone O -died O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -suggest O -that O -an O -antimetabolite O -- O -induced O -leukopenia O -predisposes O -to O -severe O -Pseudomonas O -sepsis O -and O -that O -such O -monkeys O -may O -serve O -as O -a O -biological O -model O -for O -study O -of O -comparative O -efficacy O -of O -antimicrobial O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Modification O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -of O -cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -induced O -hypoglycaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -hypoglycaemia O -, O -with O -and O -without O -beta O -- O -blockade O -, O -were O -compared O -in O -fourteen O -healthy O -men O -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -received O -insulin O -alone O -, O -and O -eight O -, O -including O -two O -of O -the O -original O -insulin O -- O -only O -group O -, O -were O -given O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -insulin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -insulin O -- O -group O -the O -period O -of O -hypoglycaemia O -was O -associated O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -heart O -- O -rate O -and O -a O -fall O -in O -diastolic O -blood O -- O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -propranolol B-Chemical -- O -insulin O -group O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -fall O -in O -heart O -- O -rate O -in O -most O -subjects O -and O -an O -increase O -in O -diastolic O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Typical O -S O -- O -T O -/ O -T O -changes O -occurred O -in O -the O -insulin O -- O -group O -but O -in O -none O -of O -the O -propranolol B-Chemical -- O -insulin O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypertension O -in O -diabetics O -prone O -to O -hypoglycaemia O -attacks O -should O -not O -be O -treated O -with O -beta O -- O -blockers O -because O -these O -drugs O -may O -cause O -a O -sharp O -rise O -in O -blood O -- O -pressure O -in O -such O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -propranolol B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -pregnancy O -: O -maternal O -and O -fetal O -outcome O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -, O -has O -found O -an O -important O -position O -in O -the O -practice O -of O -medicine O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -use O -in O -pregnancy O -, O -however O -, O -is O -an O -open O -question O -as O -a O -number O -of O -detrimental O -side O -effects O -have O -been O -reported O -in O -the O -fetus O -and O -neonate O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -patients O -and O -12 O -pregnancies O -are O -reported O -where O -chronic O -propranolol B-Chemical -has O -been O -administered O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -patients O -with O -serial O -pregnancies O -with O -and O -without O -propranolol B-Chemical -therapy O -are O -also O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Maternal O -, O -fetal O -, O -and O -neonatal O -complications O -are O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -attempt O -is O -made O -to O -differentiate O -drug O -- O -related O -complications O -from O -maternal O -disease O -- O -- O -related O -complications O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -previously O -reported O -hypoglycemia O -, O -hyperbilirubinemia O -, O -polycythemia O -, O -neonatal O -apnea O -, O -and O -bradycardia O -are O -not O -invariable O -and O -cannot O -be O -statistically O -correlated O -with O -chronic O -propranolol B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Growth O -retardation O -, O -however O -, O -appears O -to O -be O -significant O -in O -both O -of O -our O -series O -. O - -aps B-category -Central O -excitatory O -actions O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Toxic O -actions O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -( O -FZP B-Chemical -) O -were O -studied O -in O -cats O -, O -mice O -and O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -doses O -caused O -an O -apparent O -central O -excitation O -, O -most O -clearly O -seen O -as O -clonic O -convulsions O -, O -superimposed O -on O -general O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -a O -lethal O -dose O -, O -death O -was O -always O -associated O -with O -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparing O -the O -relative O -sensitivity O -to O -central O -depression O -and O -excitation O -revealed O -that O -rats O -were O -least O -likely O -to O -have O -convulsions O -at O -doses O -that O -did O -not O -first O -cause O -loss O -of O -consciousness O -, O -while O -cats O -most O -clearly O -showed O -marked O -central O -excitatory O -actions O -. O - -aps B-category -Signs O -of O -FZP B-Chemical -toxocity O -in O -cats O -included O -excessive O -salivation O -, O -extreme O -apprehensive O -behavior O -, O -retching O -, O -muscle O -tremors O -and O -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -interaction O -between O -FZP B-Chemical -and O -pentylenetetrazol B-Chemical -( O -PTZ B-Chemical -) O -was O -shown O -by O -pretreating O -mice O -with O -FZP B-Chemical -before O -PTZ B-Chemical -challenge O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -function O -of O -dose O -, O -FZP B-Chemical -first O -protected O -against O -convulsions O -and O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -higher O -doses O -, O -however O -, O -convulsions O -again O -emerged O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -doses O -of O -FZP B-Chemical -were O -lower O -than O -those O -that O -would O -alone O -cause O -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -may O -be O -relevant O -to O -the O -use O -of O -FZP B-Chemical -in O -clinical O -situations O -in O -which O -there O -is O -increased O -neural O -excitability O -, O -such O -as O -epilepsy O -or O -sedative O -- O -hypnotic O -drug O -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -idiopathic O -orthostatic O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -patients O -with O -idiopathic O -orthostatic O -hypotension O -who O -had O -physiologic O -and O -biochemical O -evidence O -of O -severe O -autonomic O -dysfunction O -were O -included O -in O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -all O -exhibited O -markedly O -reduced O -plasma O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -in O -both O -recumbent O -and O -upright O -positions O -and O -had O -marked O -hypersensitivity O -to O -the O -pressor O -effects O -of O -infused O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -propanolol B-Chemical -administered O -intravenously O -( O -1 O -- O -5 O -mg O -) O -produced O -increases O -in O -supine O -and O -upright O -blood O -pressure O -in O -4 O -of O -the O -5 O -individuals O -with O -rises O -ranging O -from O -11 O -/ O -6 O -to O -22 O -/ O -11 O -mmHg O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -oral O -administration O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -40 O -- O -160 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -also O -elevated O -the O -blood O -pressures O -of O -these O -individuals O -with O -increases O -in O -the O -order O -of O -20 O -- O -35 O -/ O -15 O -- O -25 O -mmg O -being O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -1 O -patient O -, O -marked O -hypertension O -was O -induced O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -the O -drug O -had O -to O -be O -withdrawn O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -otherwise O -was O -well O -tolerated O -and O -no O -important O -side O -effects O -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -has O -been O -continued O -in O -3 O -individuals O -for O -6 O -- O -13 O -months O -with O -persistence O -of O -the O -pressor O -effect O -, O -although O -there O -appears O -to O -have O -been O -some O -decrease O -in O -the O -degree O -of O -response O -with O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemodynamic O -measurements O -in O -1 O -of O -the O -patients O -demonstrated O -an O -increase O -in O -total O -peripheral O -resistance O -and O -essentially O -no O -change O -in O -cardiac O -output O -following O -propranolol B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -studies O -suggest O -that O -propranolol B-Chemical -is O -a O -useful O -drug O -in O -selected O -patients O -with O -severe O -idiopathic O -orthostatic O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -intravenous O -anesthesia O -with O -etomidate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -III O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -observations O -in O -adults O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -investigation O -was O -undertaken O -to O -determine O -the O -dosage O -of O -etomidate B-Chemical -required O -to O -maintain O -sleep O -in O -adults O -undergoing O -surgery O -under O -regional O -local O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Premedication O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -10 O -mg O -and O -atropine B-Chemical -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -was O -given O -, O -and O -sleep O -was O -induced O -and O -maintained O -by O -intermittent O -intravenous O -injections O -of O -etomidate B-Chemical -0 O -. O -1 O -/ O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -given O -whenever O -the O -patient O -would O -open O -his O -eyes O -on O -request O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mean O -overall O -dose O -of O -etomidate B-Chemical -17 O -. O -4 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -. O -was O -required O -to O -maintain O -sleep O -, O -but O -great O -individual O -variation O -occurred O -, O -with O -older O -patients O -requiring O -less O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -investigation O -was O -discontinued O -after O -18 O -patients O -because O -of O -the O -frequency O -and O -intensity O -of O -side O -- O -effects O -, O -particularly O -pain O -and O -myoclonia O -, O -which O -caused O -the O -technique O -to O -be O -abandoned O -in O -two O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -considered O -unlikely O -that O -etomidate B-Chemical -will O -prove O -to O -be O -the O -hypnotic O -of O -choice O -for O -a O -totally O -intravenous O -anesthetic O -technique O -in O -adults O -because O -of O -the O -high O -incidence O -of O -myoclonia O -after O -prolonged O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -several O -patients O -uncontrollable O -muscle O -movements O -persisted O -for O -many O -minutes O -after O -complete O -recovery O -of O -consciousness O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -cardiac O -beta O -2 O -- O -adrenoceptors O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -compared O -the O -effects O -of O -single O -doses O -of O -50 O -mg O -atenolol B-Chemical -( O -cardioselective O -) O -, O -40 O -mg O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -nonselective O -) O -, O -and O -placebo O -on O -both O -exercise O -- O -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -tachycardia O -in O -two O -experiments O -involving O -nine O -normal O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximal O -exercise O -heart O -rate O -was O -reduced O -from O -187 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -( O -SEM O -) O -after O -placebo O -to O -146 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -bpm O -after O -atenolol B-Chemical -and O -138 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -bpm O -after O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -but O -there O -were O -no O -differences O -between O -the O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -on O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -tachycardia O -were O -determined O -before O -and O -after O -atropine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -04 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -IV O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -sensitivity O -was O -determined O -as O -the O -intravenous O -dose O -that O -increased O -heart O -rate O -by O -25 O -bpm O -( O -CD25 O -) O -and O -this O -was O -increased O -from O -1 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -3 O -micrograms O -after O -placebo O -to O -38 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -. O -3 O -micrograms O -after O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -8 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -7 O -micrograms O -after O -atenolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -difference O -in O -the O -effects O -of O -the O -two O -was O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -atropine B-Chemical -the O -CD25 O -was O -unchanged O -after O -placebo O -( O -2 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -3 O -micrograms O -) O -and O -atenolol B-Chemical -( O -7 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -3 O -micrograms O -) O -; O -it O -was O -reduced O -after O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -24 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -. O -0 O -micrograms O -) O -, O -but O -remained O -different O -from O -atenolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -change O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -sensitivity O -was O -calculated O -as O -the O -apparent O -Ka O -, O -this O -was O -unchanged O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -( O -11 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -1 O -and O -10 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -5 O -ml O -/ O -ng O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -are O -consistent O -with O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -exercise O -- O -induced O -tachycardia O -results O -largely O -from O -beta O -1 O -- O -receptor O -activation O -that O -is O -blocked O -by O -both O -cardioselective O -and O -nonselective O -drugs O -, O -whereas O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -activates O -both O -beta O -1 O -- O -and O -beta O -2 O -- O -receptors O -so O -that O -after O -cardioselective O -blockade O -there O -remains O -a O -beta O -2 O -- O -component O -that O -can O -be O -blocked O -with O -a O -nonselective O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -there O -appear O -to O -be O -beta O -2 O -- O -receptors O -in O -the O -human O -heart O -, O -their O -physiologic O -or O -pathologic O -roles O -remain O -to O -be O -defined O -. O - -aps B-category -Hormones O -and O -risk O -of O -breast O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -paper O -reports O -the O -results O -of O -a O -study O -of O -50 O -menopausal O -women O -receiving O -hormonal O -replacement O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -majority O -( O -29 O -) O -had O -surgical O -menopause O -; O -their O -mean O -age O -was O -45 O -. O -7 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -hypothesized O -that O -progestins B-Chemical -could O -equilibrate O -the O -effects O -of O -the O -estrogenic O -stimulation O -on O -the O -mammary O -and O -endometrial O -target O -tissues O -of O -women O -on O -hormonal O -replacement O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -treatment O -schedule O -consisted O -of O -conjugated B-Chemical -estrogens I-Chemical -( O -Premarin B-Chemical -) O -1 O -. O -25 O -mg O -/ O -day O -for O -21 O -days O -and O -Medroxyprogesterone B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -10 O -mg O -/ O -day O -for O -10 O -days O -in O -each O -month O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -treatment O -period O -was O -18 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -follow O -- O -up O -period O -, O -attention O -was O -paid O -to O -breast O -modifications O -as O -evidenced O -by O -symptomatology O -, O -physical O -examination O -, O -and O -plate O -thermography O -. O - -aps B-category -Mastodynia O -was O -reported O -by O -21 O -patients O -, O -and O -physical O -examination O -revealed O -a O -light O -increase O -in O -breast O -firmness O -in O -12 O -women O -and O -a O -moderate O -increase O -in O -breast O -nodularity O -in O -2 O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -Themography O -confirmed O -the O -existence O -of O -an O -excessive O -breast O -stimulation O -in O -1 O -women O -who O -complained O -of O -moderate O -mastodynia O -and O -in O -5 O -of O -the O -7 O -women O -who O -complained O -of O -severe O -mastodynia O -. O - -aps B-category -Normalization O -was O -obtained O -by O -halving O -the O -estrogen B-Chemical -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -hormonal O -replacement O -therapy O -can O -be O -safely O -prescribed O -if O -the O -following O -criteria O -are O -satisfied O -: O -1 O -) O -preliminary O -evaluation O -of O -patients O -from O -a O -clinical O -, O -metabolic O -, O -cytologic O -, O -and O -mammographic O -perspective O -; O -2 O -) O -cyclic O -treatment O -schedule O -, O -with O -a O -progestative O -phase O -of O -10 O -days O -; O -and O -3 O -) O -periodic O -complete O -follow O -- O -up O -, O -with O -accurate O -thermographic O -evaluation O -of O -the O -breast O -target O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Early O -infections O -in O -kidney O -, O -heart O -, O -and O -liver O -transplant O -recipients O -on O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Eighty O -- O -one O -renal O -, O -seventeen O -heart O -, O -and O -twenty O -- O -four O -liver O -transplant O -patients O -were O -followed O -for O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -Seventeen O -renal O -patients O -received O -azathioprine B-Chemical -( O -Aza B-Chemical -) O -and O -prednisone B-Chemical -as O -part O -of O -a O -randomized O -trial O -of O -immunosuppression O -with O -21 O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -- O -and O -- O -prednisone B-Chemical -- O -treated O -renal O -transplant O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -others O -received O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -and O -prednisone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -randomized O -Aza B-Chemical -patients O -had O -more O -overall O -infections O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -and O -more O -nonviral O -infections O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -than O -the O -randomized O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Heart O -and O -liver O -patients O -had O -more O -infections O -than O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -renal O -patients O -but O -fewer O -infections O -than O -the O -Aza B-Chemical -renal O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -infectious O -deaths O -in O -renal O -transplant O -patients O -on O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -or O -Aza B-Chemical -, O -but O -infection O -played O -a O -major O -role O -in O -3 O -out O -of O -6 O -cardiac O -transplant O -deaths O -and O -in O -8 O -out O -of O -9 O -liver O -transplant O -deaths O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -patients O -on O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -had O -the O -fewest O -bacteremias O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -site O -of O -infection O -showed O -a O -preponderance O -of O -abdominal O -infections O -in O -liver O -patients O -, O -intrathoracic O -infections O -in O -heart O -patients O -, O -and O -urinary O -tract O -infections O -in O -renal O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Pulmonary O -infections O -were O -less O -common O -in O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -renal O -patients O -than O -in O -Aza B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Aza B-Chemical -patients O -had O -significantly O -more O -staphylococcal O -infections O -than O -all O -other O -transplant O -groups O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -, O -and O -systemic O -fungal O -infections O -occurred O -only O -in O -the O -liver O -transplant O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Cytomegalovirus O -( O -CMV O -) O -shedding O -or O -serological O -rises O -in O -antibody O -titer O -, O -or O -both O -occurred O -in O -78 O -% O -of O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -patients O -and O -76 O -% O -of O -Aza B-Chemical -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -patients O -, O -15 O -% O -had O -symptoms O -related O -to O -CMV O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -Serological O -evidence O -for O -Epstein O -Barr O -Virus O -infection O -was O -found O -in O -20 O -% O -of O -65 O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -patients O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -had O -associated O -symptoms O -, O -and O -one O -developed O -a O -lymphoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Structure O -- O -activity O -and O -dose O -- O -effect O -relationships O -of O -the O -antagonism O -of O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -by O -cholecystokinin B-Chemical -, O -fragments O -and O -analogues O -of O -cholecystokinin B-Chemical -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraperitoneal O -administration O -of O -cholecystokinin B-Chemical -octapeptide I-Chemical -sulphate O -ester O -( O -CCK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -- O -SE O -) O -and O -nonsulphated O -cholecystokinin B-Chemical -octapeptide I-Chemical -( O -CCK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -- O -NS O -) O -enhanced O -the O -latency O -of O -seizures O -induced O -by O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -with O -N O -- O -and O -C O -- O -terminal O -fragments O -revealed O -that O -the O -C O -- O -terminal O -tetrapeptide O -( O -CCK O -- O -5 O -- O -8 O -) O -was O -the O -active O -centre O -of O -the O -CCK O -octapeptide O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -analogues O -CCK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -- O -SE O -and O -CCK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -- O -NS O -( O -dose O -range O -0 O -. O -2 O -- O -6 O -. O -4 O -mumol O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -caerulein B-Chemical -dose O -range O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -0 O -. O -8 O -mumol O -/ O -kg O -) O -showed O -bell O -- O -shaped O -dose O -- O -effect O -curves O -, O -with O -the O -greatest O -maximum O -inhibition O -for O -CCK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -- O -NS O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -peptide O -CCK O -- O -5 O -- O -8 O -had O -weak O -anticonvulsant O -activity O -in O -comparison O -to O -the O -octapeptides O -, O -3 O -. O -2 O -mumol O -/ O -kg O -and O -larger O -doses O -of O -the O -reference O -drug O -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -totally O -prevented O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -and O -mortality O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -effect O -of O -the O -peptides O -tested O -was O -less O -than O -that O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -with O -analogues O -and O -derivatives O -of O -CCK O -- O -5 O -- O -8 O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -alanyl O -derivatives O -of O -CCK O -- O -5 O -- O -8 O -were O -enhanced O -and O -that O -they O -were O -equipotent O -with O -CCK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -- O -SE O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -CCK O -- O -2 O -- O -8 O -analogues O -, O -Ser O -( O -SO3H O -) O -7 O -- O -Ac O -- O -CCK O -- O -2 O -- O -8 O -- O -SE O -and O -Thr O -( O -SO3H O -) O -7 O -- O -Ac O -- O -CCK O -- O -2 O -- O -8 O -- O -SE O -and O -Hyp O -( O -SO3H O -) O -- O -Ac O -- O -CCK O -- O -2 O -- O -8 O -- O -SE O -were O -slightly O -more O -active O -than O -CCK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -- O -SE O -. O - -aps B-category -Vasopressin B-Chemical -as O -a O -possible O -contributor O -to O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -vasopressin B-Chemical -as O -a O -pressor O -agent O -to O -the O -hypertensive O -process O -was O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Vasopressin B-Chemical -plays O -a O -major O -role O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -DOCA B-Chemical -- O -salt O -hypertension O -, O -since O -the O -elevation O -of O -blood O -pressure O -was O -not O -substantial O -in O -the O -rats O -with O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -treated O -diabetes O -insipidus O -after O -DOCA B-Chemical -- O -salt O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -DDAVP B-Chemical -which O -has O -antidiuretic O -action O -but O -minimal O -vasopressor O -effect O -failed O -to O -increase O -blood O -pressure O -to O -the O -levels O -observed O -after O -administration O -of O -AVP O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -pressor O -action O -of O -vasopressin B-Chemical -appears O -to O -be O -important O -in O -the O -development O -of O -this O -model O -of O -hypertension O -, O -since O -the O -enhanced O -pressor O -responsiveness O -to O -the O -hormone O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -initial O -stage O -of O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -secretion O -of O -vasopressin B-Chemical -from O -neurohypophysis O -also O -promotes O -the O -function O -of O -the O -hormone O -as O -a O -pathogenetic O -factor O -in O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -unproportional O -release O -of O -vasopressin B-Chemical -compared O -to O -plasma O -osmolality O -may O -be O -induced O -by O -the O -absence O -of O -an O -adjusting O -control O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II O -forming O -and O -receptor O -binding O -capacity O -for O -sodium B-Chemical -balance O -in O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -role O -of O -vasopressin B-Chemical -remains O -to O -be O -determined O -in O -human O -essential O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxic O -hepatitis O -induced O -by O -disulfiram B-Chemical -in O -a O -non O -- O -alcoholic O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -reversible O -toxic O -liver O -damage O -was O -observed O -in O -a O -non O -- O -alcoholic O -woman O -treated O -with O -disulfiram B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -causative O -relationship O -was O -proven O -by O -challenge O -. O - -aps B-category -Atrial O -thrombosis O -involving O -the O -heart O -of O -F O -- O -344 O -rats O -ingesting O -quinacrine B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Quinacrine B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -is O -toxic O -for O -the O -heart O -of O -F O -- O -344 O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -treated O -with O -500 O -ppm O -quinacrine B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -in O -the O -diet O -all O -developed O -a O -high O -incidence O -of O -left O -atrial O -thrombosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lesion O -was O -associated O -with O -cardiac O -hypertrophy O -and O -dilatation O -and O -focal O -myocardial O -degeneration O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -died O -from O -cardiac O -hypertrophy O -with O -severe O -acute O -and O -chronic O -congestion O -of O -the O -lungs O -, O -liver O -, O -and O -other O -organs O -. O - -aps B-category -Seventy O -percent O -of O -rats O -given O -250 O -ppm O -quinacrine B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -and O -1 O -, O -000 O -ppm O -sodium B-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -simultaneously O -in O -the O -diet O -had O -thrombosis O -of O -the O -atria O -of O -the O -heart O -, O -while O -untreated O -control O -rats O -in O -this O -laboratory O -did O -not O -have O -atrial O -thrombosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -quinacrine B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -appeared O -to O -have O -no O -additional O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Alternating O -sinus O -rhythm O -and O -intermittent O -sinoatrial O -block O -induced O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Alternating O -sinus O -rhythm O -and O -intermittent O -sinoatrial O -( O -S O -- O -A O -) O -block O -was O -observed O -in O -a O -57 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -, O -under O -treatment O -for O -angina O -with O -80 O -mg O -propranolol B-Chemical -daily O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -electrocardiogram O -showed O -alternation O -of O -long O -and O -short O -P O -- O -P O -intervals O -and O -occasional O -pauses O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -pauses O -were O -always O -preceded O -by O -the O -short O -P O -- O -P O -intervals O -and O -were O -usually O -followed O -by O -one O -or O -two O -P O -- O -P O -intervals O -of O -0 O -. O -92 O -- O -0 O -. O -95 O -s O -representing O -the O -basic O -sinus O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -these O -basic O -sinus O -cycles O -, O -alternating O -rhythm O -started O -with O -the O -longer O -P O -- O -P O -interval O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -long O -P O -- O -P O -intervals O -ranged O -between O -1 O -. O -04 O -- O -1 O -. O -12 O -s O -and O -the O -short O -P O -- O -P O -intervals O -between O -0 O -. O -80 O -- O -0 O -. O -84 O -s O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -duration O -of O -the O -pauses O -were O -equal O -or O -almost O -equal O -to O -one O -short O -plus O -one O -long O -P O -- O -P O -interval O -or O -to O -twice O -the O -basic O -sinus O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -one O -recording O -a O -short O -period O -of O -regular O -sinus O -rhythm O -with O -intermittent O -2 O -/ O -1 O -S O -- O -A O -block O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -short O -period O -of O -sinus O -rhythm O -was O -interrupted O -by O -sudden O -prolongation O -of O -the O -P O -- O -P O -interval O -starting O -the O -alternative O -rhythm O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -small O -changes O -in O -the O -shape O -of O -the O -P O -waves O -and O -P O -- O -R O -intervals O -. O - -aps B-category -S O -- O -A O -conduction O -through O -two O -pathways O -, O -the O -first O -with O -2 O -/ O -1 O -block O -the O -second O -having O -0 O -. O -12 O -- O -0 O -. O -14 O -s O -longer O -conduction O -time O -and O -with O -occasional O -2 O -/ O -1 O -block O -was O -proposed O -for O -the O -explanation O -of O -the O -alternating O -P O -- O -P O -interval O -and O -other O -electrocardiographic O -features O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -Atropine B-Chemical -1 O -mg O -given O -intravenously O -resulted O -in O -shortening O -of O -all O -P O -- O -P O -intervals O -without O -changing O -the O -rhythm O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -abnormal O -rhythm O -disappeared O -with O -the O -withdrawal O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -when O -the O -drug O -was O -restarted O -a O -2 O -/ O -1 O -S O -- O -A O -block O -was O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -accepted O -as O -evidence O -for O -propranolol B-Chemical -being O -the O -cause O -of O -this O -conduction O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -Antitumor O -effect O -, O -cardiotoxicity O -, O -and O -nephrotoxicity O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -in O -the O -IgM O -solid O -immunocytoma O -- O -bearing O -LOU O -/ O -M O -/ O -WSL O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Antitumor O -activity O -, O -cardiotoxicity O -, O -and O -nephrotoxicity O -induced O -by O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -were O -studied O -in O -LOU O -/ O -M O -/ O -WSL O -inbred O -rats O -each O -bearing O -a O -transplantable O -solid O -IgM O -immunocytoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -with O -a O -tumor O -( O -diameter O -, O -15 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -3 O -mm O -) O -were O -treated O -with O -iv O -injections O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -on O -5 O -consecutive O -days O -, O -followed O -by O -1 O -weekly O -injection O -for O -7 O -weeks O -( O -dose O -range O -, O -0 O -. O -015 O -- O -4 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -wt O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Tumor O -regression O -was O -observed O -with O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Complete O -disappearance O -of O -the O -tumor O -was O -induced O -with O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Histologic O -evidence O -of O -cardiotoxicity O -scored O -as O -grade O -III O -was O -only O -observed O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Light O -microscopic O -evidence O -of O -renal O -damage O -was O -seen O -above O -a O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -/ O -kg O -, O -which O -resulted O -in O -albuminuria O -and O -very O -low O -serum O -albumin O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -group O -that O -received O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -/ O -kg O -, O -the O -serum O -albumin O -level O -decreased O -from O -33 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -1 O -to O -1 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -g O -/ O -liter O -. O - -aps B-category -Ascites O -and O -hydrothorax O -were O -observed O -simultaneously O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -same O -experiments O -were O -performed O -with O -non O -- O -tumor O -- O -bearing O -rats O -, O -in O -which O -no O -major O -differences O -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -antitumor O -activity O -, O -cardiotoxicity O -, O -and O -nephrotoxicity O -were O -studied O -simultaneously O -in O -the O -same O -LOU O -/ O -M O -/ O -WSL O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Albuminuria O -due O -to O -renal O -damage O -led O -to O -extremely O -low O -serum O -albumin O -levels O -, O -so O -ascites O -and O -hydrothorax O -were O -not O -necessarily O -a O -consequence O -of O -the O -observed O -cardiomyopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraoperative O -bradycardia O -and O -hypotension O -associated O -with O -timolol B-Chemical -and O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -eye O -drops O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -69 O -- O -yr O -- O -old O -man O -, O -who O -was O -concurrently O -being O -treated O -with O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -nitrate I-Chemical -and O -timolol B-Chemical -maleate I-Chemical -eye O -drops O -, O -developed O -a O -bradycardia O -and O -became O -hypotensive O -during O -halothane B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -timolol B-Chemical -and O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -were O -subsequently O -identified O -in O -a O -24 O -- O -h O -collection O -of O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -Timolol B-Chemical -( O -but O -not O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -) O -was O -detected O -in O -a O -sample O -of O -plasma O -removed O -during O -surgery O -; O -the O -plasma O -concentration O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -6 O -ng O -ml O -- O -1 O -) O -was O -consistent O -with O -partial O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -postulated O -that O -this O -action O -may O -have O -been O -enhanced O -during O -halothane B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -with O -resultant O -bradycardia O -and O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Pilocarpine B-Chemical -may O -have O -had O -a O -contributory O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Succinylcholine B-Chemical -apnoea O -: O -attempted O -reversal O -with O -anticholinesterases O -. O - -aps B-category -Anticholinesterases O -were O -administered O -in O -an O -attempt O -to O -antagonize O -prolonged O -neuromuscular O -blockade O -following O -the O -administration O -of O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -in O -a O -patient O -later O -found O -to O -be O -homozygous O -for O -atypical O -plasma O -cholinesterase O -. O - -aps B-category -Edrophonium B-Chemical -10 O -mg O -, O -given O -74 O -min O -after O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -, O -when O -train O -- O -of O -- O -four O -stimulation O -was O -characteristic O -of O -phase O -II O -block O -, O -produced O -partial O -antagonism O -which O -was O -not O -sustained O -. O - -aps B-category -Repeated O -doses O -of O -edrophonium B-Chemical -to O -70 O -mg O -and O -neostigmine B-Chemical -to O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -did O -not O -antagonize O -or O -augment O -the O -block O -. O - -aps B-category -Spontaneous O -respiration O -recommenced O -200 O -min O -after O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -anticholinesterases O -are O -only O -partially O -effective O -in O -restoring O -neuromuscular O -function O -in O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -apnoea O -despite O -muscle O -twitch O -activity O -typical O -of O -phase O -II O -block O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -on O -[ B-Chemical -omega I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -I I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -131 I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -heptadecanoic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -myocardial O -scintigraphy O -and O -echocardiography O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -serial O -treatment O -with O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -on O -dynamic O -myocardial O -scintigraphy O -with O -[ B-Chemical -omega I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -I I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -131 I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -heptadecanoic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -I B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -131 I-Chemical -HA I-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -on O -global O -left O -- O -ventricular O -function O -determined O -echocardiographically O -, O -were O -studied O -in O -a O -group O -of O -nine O -mongrel O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -extractable O -myocardial O -lipid O -was O -compared O -postmortem O -between O -a O -group O -of O -control O -dogs O -and O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -and O -then O -progressive O -fall O -in O -global O -LV O -function O -was O -observed O -at O -a O -cumulative O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -dose O -of O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -myocardial O -t1 O -/ O -2 O -of O -the O -I B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -131 I-Chemical -HA I-Chemical -was O -observed O -only O -at O -a O -higher O -cumulative O -dose O -, O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -alteration O -in O -total O -extractable O -myocardial O -lipids O -was O -observed O -between O -control O -dogs O -and O -those O -treated O -with O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -findings O -suggest O -that O -the O -changes O -leading O -to O -an O -alteration O -of O -myocardial O -dynamic O -imaging O -with O -I B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -131 I-Chemical -HA I-Chemical -are O -not O -the O -initiating O -factor O -in O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemodynamics O -and O -myocardial O -metabolism O -under O -deliberate O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -experimental O -study O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Coronary O -blood O -flow O -, O -cardiac O -work O -and O -metabolism O -were O -studied O -in O -dogs O -under O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -( O -SNP B-Chemical -) O -and O -trimetaphan B-Chemical -( O -TMP B-Chemical -) O -deliberate O -hypotension O -( O -20 O -% O -and O -40 O -% O -mean O -pressure O -decrease O -from O -baseline O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Regarding O -the O -effects O -of O -drug O -- O -induced O -hypotension O -on O -coronary O -blood O -flow O -, O -aortic O -and O -coronary O -sinus O -metabolic O -data O -( O -pH O -, O -pO2 O -, O -pCO2 O -) O -we O -could O -confirm O -that O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -hypotension O -could O -be O -safely O -used O -to O -30 O -% O -mean O -blood O -pressure O -decrease O -from O -control O -, O -trimetaphan B-Chemical -hypotension O -to O -20 O -% O -mean O -blood O -pressure O -decrease O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -work O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -during O -SNP B-Chemical -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Myocardial O -O2 B-Chemical -consumption O -and O -O2 B-Chemical -availability O -were O -directly O -dependent O -on O -the O -coronary O -perfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Careful O -invasive O -monitoring O -of O -the O -blood O -pressure O -, O -blood O -gases O -and O -of O -the O -ECG O -ST O -- O -T O -segment O -is O -mandatory O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -a O -selective O -brain O -noradrenergic O -involvement O -in O -the O -locomotor O -stimulant O -effects O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -rats O -received O -the O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -neurotoxin O -DSP4 B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -7 O -days O -prior O -to O -injection O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -( O -10 O -or O -40 O -mumol O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hyperactivity O -induced O -by O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -( O -10 O -mumol O -/ O -kg O -) O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -by O -DSP4 B-Chemical -pretreatment O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -increased O -rearings O -and O -the O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -stereotypies O -were O -not O -blocked O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -DSP4 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduction O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -hyperactivity O -induced O -by O -DSP4 B-Chemical -was O -blocked O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -the O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -- O -uptake O -blocking O -agent O -, O -desipramine B-Chemical -, O -which O -prevents O -the O -neurotoxic O -action O -of O -DSP4 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -results O -suggest O -a O -selective O -involvement O -of O -central O -noradrenergic O -neurones O -in O -the O -locomotor O -stimulant O -effect O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Accelerated O -junctional O -rhythms O -during O -oral O -verapamil B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -examined O -the O -frequency O -of O -atrioventricular O -( O -AV O -) O -dissociation O -and O -accelerated O -junctional O -rhythms O -in O -59 O -patients O -receiving O -oral O -verapamil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Accelerated O -junctional O -rhythms O -and O -AV O -dissociation O -were O -frequent O -in O -patients O -with O -supraventricular O -tachyarrhythmias O -, O -particularly O -AV O -nodal O -reentry O -. O - -aps B-category -Verapamil B-Chemical -administration O -to O -these O -patients O -led O -to O -an O -asymptomatic O -increase O -in O -activity O -of O -these O -junctional O -pacemakers O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -with O -various O -chest O -pain O -syndromes O -, O -verapamil B-Chemical -neither O -increased O -the O -frequency O -of O -junctional O -rhythms O -nor O -suppressed O -their O -role O -as O -escape O -rhythms O -under O -physiologically O -appropriate O -circumstances O -. O - -aps B-category -Interstrain O -variation O -in O -acute O -toxic O -response O -to O -caffeine B-Chemical -among O -inbred O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -toxic O -dosage O -- O -dependent O -behavioral O -effects O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -were O -compared O -in O -adult O -males O -from O -seven O -inbred O -mouse O -strains O -( O -A O -/ O -J O -, O -BALB O -/ O -cJ O -, O -CBA O -/ O -J O -, O -C3H O -/ O -HeJ O -, O -C57BL O -/ O -6J O -, O -DBA O -/ O -2J O -, O -SWR O -/ O -J O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -C57BL O -/ O -6J O -, O -chosen O -as O -a O -" O -prototypic O -" O -mouse O -strain O -, O -was O -used O -to O -determine O -behavioral O -responses O -to O -a O -broad O -range O -( O -5 O -- O -500 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -phenotypic O -characteristics O -- O -- O -locomotor O -activity O -, O -righting O -ability O -, O -clonic O -seizure O -induction O -, O -stress O -- O -induced O -lethality O -, O -death O -without O -external O -stress O -- O -- O -were O -scored O -at O -various O -caffeine B-Chemical -doses O -in O -drug O -- O -naive O -animals O -under O -empirically O -optimized O -, O -rigidly O -constant O -experimental O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Mice O -( O -n O -= O -12 O -for O -each O -point O -) O -received O -single O -IP O -injections O -of O -a O -fixed O -volume O -/ O -g O -body O -weight O -of O -physiological O -saline O -carrier O -with O -or O -without O -caffeine B-Chemical -in O -doses O -ranging O -from O -125 O -- O -500 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Loss O -of O -righting O -ability O -was O -scored O -at O -1 O -, O -3 O -, O -5 O -min O -post O -dosing O -and O -at O -5 O -min O -intervals O -thereafter O -for O -20 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -same O -animals O -the O -occurrence O -of O -clonic O -seizures O -was O -scored O -as O -to O -time O -of O -onset O -and O -severity O -for O -20 O -min O -after O -drug O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -these O -proceeded O -to O -tonic O -seizures O -, O -death O -occurred O -in O -less O -than O -20 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -surviving O -for O -20 O -min O -were O -immediately O -stressed O -by O -a O -swim O -test O -in O -25 O -degrees O -C O -water O -, O -and O -death O -- O -producing O -tonic O -seizures O -were O -scored O -for O -2 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -other O -animals O -locomotor O -activity O -was O -measured O -15 O -or O -60 O -min O -after O -caffeine B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -any O -single O -behavioral O -criterion O -or O -a O -combination O -of O -these O -criteria O -, O -marked O -differences O -in O -response O -to O -toxic O -caffeine B-Chemical -doses O -were O -observed O -between O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -behavioral O -toxicity O -testing O -of O -alkylxanthines B-Chemical -in O -a O -single O -mouse O -strain O -may O -be O -misleading O -and O -suggest O -that O -toxic O -responses O -of O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -to O -this O -class O -of O -compounds O -are O -genetically O -influenced O -in O -mammals O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -ovarian O -cancer O -with O -a O -combination O -of O -cis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -platinum I-Chemical -, O -adriamycin B-Chemical -, O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -and O -hexamethylmelamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -last O -2 O -1 O -/ O -2 O -years O -, O -38 O -patients O -with O -ovarian O -cancer O -were O -treated O -with O -a O -combination O -of O -cisplatinum B-Chemical -( O -CPDD B-Chemical -) O -, O -50 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -, O -adriamycin B-Chemical -, O -30 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -, O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -, O -300 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -, O -on O -day O -1 O -; O -and O -hexamethylmelamine B-Chemical -( O -HMM B-Chemical -) O -, O -6 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -daily O -, O -for O -14 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -course O -was O -repeated O -monthly O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -patients O -had O -stage O -II O -, O -14 O -stage O -III O -and O -22 O -stage O -IV O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -14 O -of O -the O -38 O -patients O -were O -previously O -treated O -with O -chemotherapy O -, O -1 O -with O -radiation O -, O -6 O -with O -both O -chemotherapy O -and O -radiation O -, O -and O -17 O -did O -not O -have O -any O -treatment O -before O -CPDD B-Chemical -combination O -. O - -aps B-category -31 O -of O -the O -38 O -cases O -( O -81 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -demonstrated O -objective O -responses O -lasting O -for O -2 O -months O -or O -more O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -responses O -were O -partial O -in O -19 O -and O -complete O -in O -12 O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Hematologic O -toxicity O -was O -moderate O -and O -with O -reversible O -anemia O -developing O -in O -71 O -% O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Gastrointestinal O -side O -effects O -from O -CPDD B-Chemical -were O -universal O -. O - -aps B-category -HMM B-Chemical -gastrointestinal O -toxicity O -necessitated O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -drug O -in O -5 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -nephrotoxicity O -was O -observed O -in O -2 O -patients O -but O -was O -reversible O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -drug O -- O -related O -deaths O -. O - -aps B-category -Nontraumatic O -dissecting O -aneurysm O -of O -the O -basilar O -artery O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -nontraumatic O -dissecting O -aneurysm O -of O -the O -basilar O -artery O -in O -association O -with O -hypertension O -, O -smoke O -, O -and O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -is O -reported O -in O -a O -young O -female O -patient O -with O -a O -locked O -- O -in O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -for O -the O -measurement O -of O -tremor O -, O -and O -a O -comparison O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -tocolytic O -beta O -- O -mimetics O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -permitting O -measurement O -of O -finger O -tremor O -as O -a O -displacement O -- O -time O -curve O -is O -described O -, O -using O -a O -test O -system O -with O -simple O -amplitude O -calibration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -coordinates O -of O -the O -inversion O -points O -of O -the O -displacement O -- O -time O -curves O -were O -transferred O -through O -graphical O -input O -equipment O -to O -punched O -tape O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -means O -of O -a O -computer O -program O -, O -periods O -and O -amplitudes O -of O -tremor O -oscillations O -were O -calculated O -and O -classified O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -event O -frequency O -for O -each O -class O -of O -periods O -and O -amplitudes O -was O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -actions O -of O -fenoterol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydrobromide I-Chemical -, O -ritodrin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCl I-Chemical -and O -placebo O -given O -to O -10 O -healthy O -subjects O -by O -intravenous O -infusion O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -crossover O -study O -were O -tested O -by O -this O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -therapeutic O -doses O -both O -substances O -raised O -the O -mean O -tremor O -amplitude O -to O -about O -three O -times O -the O -control O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -same O -time O -, O -the O -mean O -period O -within O -each O -class O -of O -amplitudes O -shortened O -by O -10 O -- O -- O -20 O -ms O -, O -whereas O -the O -mean O -periods O -calculated O -from O -all O -oscillations O -together O -did O -not O -change O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -end O -of O -fenoterol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydrobromide I-Chemical -infusion O -, O -tremor O -amplitudes O -decreased O -significantly O -faster O -than O -those O -following O -ritodrin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCl I-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Propylthiouracil B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hepatic O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -cases O -of O -propylthiouracil B-Chemical -- O -induced O -liver O -damage O -have O -been O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -case O -is O -of O -an O -acute O -type O -of O -damage O -, O -proven O -by O -rechallenge O -; O -the O -second O -presents O -a O -clinical O -and O -histologic O -picture O -resembling O -chronic O -active O -hepatitis O -, O -with O -spontaneous O -remission O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -bradycardia O -induced O -by O -bepridil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Bepridil B-Chemical -, O -a O -novel O -active O -compound O -for O -prophylactic O -treatment O -of O -anginal O -attacks O -, O -induced O -persistent O -bradycardia O -and O -a O -non O -- O -specific O -anti O -- O -tachycardial O -effect O -, O -the O -mechanisms O -of O -which O -were O -investigated O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -perfusion O -of O -bepridil B-Chemical -in O -the O -life O -- O -support O -medium O -for O -isolated O -sino O -- O -atrial O -tissue O -from O -rabbit O -heart O -, O -caused O -a O -reduction O -in O -action O -potential O -( O -AP O -) O -spike O -frequency O -( O -recorded O -by O -KCl B-Chemical -microelectrodes O -) O -starting O -at O -doses O -of O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -was O -dose O -- O -dependent O -up O -to O -concentrations O -of O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -, O -whereupon O -blockade O -of O -sinus O -activity O -set O -in O -. O - -aps B-category -Bepridil B-Chemical -at O -a O -dose O -of O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -, O -induced O -a O -concomitant O -reduction O -in O -AP O -amplitude O -( O -falling O -from O -71 O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -mV O -to O -47 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -mV O -) O -, O -maximum O -systolic O -depolarization O -velocity O -( O -phase O -0 O -) O -which O -fell O -from O -1 O -. O -85 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -35 O -V O -/ O -s O -to O -0 O -. O -84 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -28 O -V O -/ O -s O -, O -together O -with O -maximum O -diastolic O -depolarization O -velocity O -( O -phase O -4 O -) O -which O -fell O -from O -38 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -mV O -/ O -s O -to O -24 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -mV O -/ O -s O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -injection O -of O -bepridil B-Chemical -at O -a O -dose O -of O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -( O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -into O -6 O -anaesthetized O -dogs O -which O -had O -undergone O -ablation O -of O -all O -the O -extrinsic O -cardiac O -afferent O -nerve O -supply O -, O -together O -with O -a O -bilateral O -medullo O -- O -adrenalectomy O -, O -caused O -a O -marked O -reduction O -in O -heart O -rate O -which O -fell O -from O -98 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -2 O -beats O -/ O -min O -to O -76 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -. O -3 O -beats O -/ O -min O -sustained O -for O -more O -than O -45 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -bepridil B-Chemical -reduces O -heart O -rate O -by O -acting O -directly O -on O -the O -sinus O -node O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -, O -which O -results O -in O -a O -flattening O -of O -the O -phase O -0 O -and O -phase O -4 O -slope O -, O -together O -with O -a O -longer O -AP O -duration O -, O -may O -be O -due O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -time O -constants O -of O -slow O -inward O -ionic O -currents O -( O -already O -demonstrated O -elsewhere O -) O -, O -but O -also O -to O -an O -increased O -time O -constant O -for O -deactivation O -of O -the O -outward O -potassium B-Chemical -current O -( O -Ip O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatitis O -and O -renal O -tubular O -acidosis O -after O -anesthesia O -with O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -69 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -operated O -for O -acute O -cholecystitis O -under O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -anesthesia O -developed O -postoperatively O -a O -hepatic O -insufficiency O -syndrome O -and O -renal O -tubular O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Massive O -bleeding O -appeared O -during O -surgery O -which O -lasted O -for O -six O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Postoperative O -evolution O -under O -supportive O -therapy O -was O -favourable O -. O - -aps B-category -Complete O -recovery O -was O -confirmed O -by O -repeated O -controls O -performed O -over O -a O -period O -of O -one O -year O -after O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -Pituitary O -response O -to O -luteinizing O -hormone O -- O -releasing O -hormone O -during O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperprolactinemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -a O -6 O -- O -hour O -infusion O -with O -haloperidol B-Chemical -on O -serum O -prolactin O -and O -luteinizing O -hormone O -( O -LH O -) O -levels O -was O -studied O -in O -a O -group O -of O -male O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -hours O -after O -starting O -the O -infusions O -, O -a O -study O -of O -the O -pituitary O -responses O -to O -LH O -- O -releasing O -hormone O -( O -LH O -- O -RH O -) O -was O -carried O -out O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -patients O -received O -infusions O -of O -0 O -. O -9 O -% O -NaCl B-Chemical -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -course O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -infusions O -, O -significant O -hyperprolactinemia O -was O -found O -, O -together O -with O -an O -abolished O -pituitary O -response O -to O -LH O -- O -RH O -, O -as O -compared O -with O -responses O -of O -control O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Antirifampicin O -antibodies O -in O -acute O -rifampicin B-Chemical -- O -associated O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -patients O -with O -acute O -renal O -failure O -( O -3 O -with O -thrombopenia O -and O -hemolysis O -) O -induced O -by O -the O -reintroduction O -of O -rifampicin B-Chemical -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -correlation O -was O -found O -between O -the O -severity O -of O -clinical O -manifestations O -and O -the O -total O -dose O -taken O -by O -the O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -but O -1 O -patient O -, O -antirifampicin O -antibodies O -were O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibodies O -suggested O -to O -be O -of O -the O -IgM O -class O -were O -detected O -in O -all O -3 O -patients O -with O -hematological O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pattern O -of O -non O -- O -specific O -acute O -tubular O -necrosis O -found O -in O -the O -2 O -biopsied O -patients O -, O -indistinguishable O -from O -that O -of O -ischemic O -origin O -, O -raised O -the O -possibility O -of O -a O -vascular O -- O -mediated O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -3 O -patients O -, O -the O -possibility O -of O -a O -triggering O -immunoallergic O -mechanism O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -hypotension O -induced O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -on O -dogs O -with O -denervated O -hearts O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -( O -ATP B-Chemical -) O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -( O -SNP B-Chemical -) O -are O -administered O -to O -patients O -to O -induce O -and O -control O -hypotension O -during O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -SNP B-Chemical -is O -authorized O -for O -clinical O -use O -in O -USA O -and O -UK O -, O -and O -ATP B-Chemical -is O -clinically O -used O -in O -other O -countries O -such O -as O -Japan O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -investigated O -how O -these O -two O -drugs O -act O -on O -the O -cardiovascular O -systems O -of O -20 O -dogs O -whose O -hearts O -had O -been O -denervated O -by O -a O -procedure O -we O -had O -devised O -. O - -aps B-category -ATP B-Chemical -( O -10 O -dogs O -) O -or O -SNP B-Chemical -( O -10 O -dogs O -) O -was O -administered O -to O -reduce O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -by O -30 O -% O -to O -70 O -% O -of O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -, O -during O -and O -after O -induced O -hypotension O -, O -we O -measured O -major O -cardiovascular O -parameters O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypotension O -induced O -by O -ATP B-Chemical -was O -accompanied O -by O -significant O -decreases O -in O -mean O -pulmonary O -arterial O -pressure O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -central O -venous O -pressure O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -left O -ventricular O -end O -- O -diastolic O -pressure O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -total O -peripheral O -resistance O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -rate O -pressure O -product O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -total O -body O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -and O -heart O -rate O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -; O -all O -these O -variables O -returned O -normal O -within O -30 O -min O -after O -ATP B-Chemical -was O -stopped O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -output O -did O -not O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -hypotension O -produced O -by O -SNP B-Chemical -similar O -decreases O -were O -observed O -in O -mean O -pulmonary O -arterial O -pressure O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -central O -venous O -pressure O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -left O -ventricular O -end O -- O -diastolic O -pressure O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -total O -peripheral O -resistance O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -rate O -pressure O -product O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -content O -difference O -between O -arterial O -and O -mixed O -venous O -blood O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -while O -heart O -rate O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -and O -cardiac O -output O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -were O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Recoveries O -of O -heart O -rate O -and O -left O -ventricular O -end O -- O -diastolic O -pressure O -were O -not O -shown O -within O -60 O -min O -after O -SNP B-Chemical -had O -been O -stopped O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -ATP B-Chemical -and O -SNP B-Chemical -should O -act O -on O -the O -pacemaker O -tissue O -of O -the O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -study O -: O -Endografine B-Chemical -( O -diatrizoate B-Chemical -) O -, O -Vasurix B-Chemical -polyvidone I-Chemical -( O -acetrizoate B-Chemical -) O -, O -Dimer B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -X I-Chemical -( O -iocarmate B-Chemical -) O -and O -Hexabrix B-Chemical -( O -ioxaglate B-Chemical -) O -in O -hysterosalpingography O -. O - -aps B-category -Side O -effects O -of O -hysterosalpingography O -with O -Dimer B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -X I-Chemical -, O -Hexabrix B-Chemical -, O -Vasurix B-Chemical -polyvidone I-Chemical -and O -Endografine B-Chemical -in O -142 O -consecutive O -patients O -, O -receiving O -one O -of O -the O -four O -tested O -media O -were O -evaluated O -from O -replies O -to O -postal O -questionnaires O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Dimer B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -X I-Chemical -group O -had O -a O -higher O -incidence O -of O -nausea O -and O -dizziness O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Endografine B-Chemical -group O -had O -a O -higher O -incidence O -of O -abdominal O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -differences O -occur O -especially O -in O -the O -age O -groups O -under O -30 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Hexabrix B-Chemical -and O -Vasurix B-Chemical -polyvidone I-Chemical -are O -considered O -the O -best O -contrast B-Chemical -media I-Chemical -for O -hysterosalpingography O -and O -perhaps O -because O -of O -its O -low O -toxicity O -Hexabrix B-Chemical -should O -be O -preferred O -. O - -aps B-category -Post O -- O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -pains O -in O -Nigerian O -surgical O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Contrary O -to O -an O -earlier O -report O -by O -Coxon O -, O -scoline B-Chemical -pain O -occurs O -in O -African O -negroes O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -incidence O -was O -determined O -in O -a O -prospective O -study O -involving O -a O -total O -of O -100 O -Nigerian O -patients O -( O -50 O -out O -- O -patients O -and O -50 O -in O -- O -patients O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -About O -62 O -% O -of O -the O -out O -- O -patients O -developed O -scoline B-Chemical -pain O -as O -compared O -with O -about O -26 O -% O -among O -the O -in O -- O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -abolition O -of O -muscle O -fasciculations O -( O -by O -0 O -. O -075mg O -/ O -kg O -dose O -of O -Fazadinium B-Chemical -) O -did O -not O -influence O -the O -occurrence O -of O -scoline B-Chemical -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -the O -type O -of O -induction O -agent O -( O -Althesin B-Chemical -or O -Thiopentone B-Chemical -) O -nor O -the O -salt O -preparation O -of O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -used O -( O -chloride B-Chemical -or O -bromide B-Chemical -) O -, O -affected O -the O -incidence O -of O -scoline B-Chemical -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -Invasive O -carcinoma O -of O -the O -renal O -pelvis O -following O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -nonmalignant O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -47 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -right O -hydroureteronephrosis O -due O -to O -ureterovesical O -junction O -obstruction O -had O -gross O -hematuria O -after O -being O -treated O -for O -five O -years O -wtih O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -for O -cerebral O -vasculitis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -right O -nephroureterectomy O -was O -required O -for O -control O -of O -bleeding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pathology O -specimen O -contained O -clinically O -occult O -invasive O -carcinoma O -of O -the O -renal O -pelvis O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -ability O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -to O -cause O -hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -and O -urine O -cytologic O -abnormalities O -indistinguishable O -from O -high O -grade O -carcinoma O -is O -well O -known O -, O -it O -is O -less O -widely O -appreciated O -that O -it O -is O -also O -associated O -with O -carcinoma O -of O -the O -urinary O -tract O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -carcinomas O -of O -the O -urinary O -bladder O -and O -one O -carcinoma O -of O -the O -prostate O -have O -been O -reported O -in O -association O -with O -its O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -case O -is O -the O -first O -carcinoma O -of O -the O -renal O -pelvis O -reported O -in O -association O -with O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -the O -third O -urinary O -tract O -cancer O -reported O -in O -association O -with O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -treatment O -for O -nonmalignant O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -association O -of O -the O -tumor O -with O -preexisting O -hydroureteronephrosis O -suggests O -that O -stasis O -prolonged O -and O -intensified O -exposure O -of O -upper O -urinary O -tract O -epithelium O -to O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -who O -are O -candidates O -for O -long O -- O -term O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -treatment O -should O -be O -routinely O -evaluated O -for O -obstructive O -uropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Medial O -changes O -in O -arterial O -spasm O -induced O -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norepinephrine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -normal O -rats O -, O -the O -media O -of O -small O -arteries O -( O -0 O -. O -4 O -- O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -mm O -in O -diameter O -) O -previously O -was O -shown O -to O -contain O -intracellular O -vacuoles O -, O -identified O -ultrastructurally O -as O -herniations O -of O -one O -smooth O -muscle O -cell O -into O -another O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypothesis O -that O -intense O -vasoconstriction O -would O -increase O -the O -number O -of O -such O -vacuoles O -has O -been O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -media O -of O -the O -saphenous O -artery O -and O -its O -distal O -branch O -, O -vasoconstriction O -induced O -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norepinephrine I-Chemical -produced O -many O -cell O -- O -to O -- O -cell O -hernias O -within O -15 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -1 O -day O -their O -number O -was O -reduced O -to O -about O -1 O -/ O -10 O -of O -the O -original O -number O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -7 O -days O -the O -vessel O -was O -almost O -restored O -to O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -Triple O -stimulation O -over O -1 O -day O -induced O -more O -severe O -changes O -in O -the O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -smooth O -muscle O -cells O -are O -susceptible O -to O -damage O -in O -the O -course O -of O -their O -specific O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -experimental O -data O -are O -discussed O -in O -relation O -to O -medial O -changes O -observed O -in O -other O -instances O -of O -arterial O -spasm O -. O - -aps B-category -Endothelial O -changes O -that O -developed O -in O -the O -same O -experimental O -model O -were O -described O -in O -a O -previous O -paper O -. O - -aps B-category -Bilateral O -retinal O -artery O -and O -choriocapillaris O -occlusion O -following O -the O -injection O -of O -long O -- O -acting O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -suspensions O -in O -combination O -with O -other O -drugs O -: O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -well O -- O -documented O -cases O -of O -bilateral O -retinal O -artery O -and O -choriocapillaris O -occlusions O -with O -blindness O -following O -head O -and O -neck O -soft O -- O -tissue O -injection O -with O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -lidocaine B-Chemical -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -or O -penicillin B-Chemical -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -case O -had O -only O -a O -unilateral O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acute O -observations O -included O -hazy O -sensorium O -, O -superior O -gaze O -palsy O -, O -pupillary O -abnormalities O -, O -and O -conjunctival O -hemorrhages O -with O -edema O -. O - -aps B-category -Follow O -- O -up O -changes O -showed O -marked O -visual O -loss O -, O -constricted O -visual O -fields O -, O -optic O -nerve O -pallor O -, O -vascular O -attenuation O -, O -and O -chorioretinal O -atrophy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -literature O -is O -reviewed O -, O -and O -possible O -causes O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Abnormalities O -of O -the O -pupil O -and O -visual O -- O -evoked O -potential O -in O -quinine B-Chemical -amblyopia O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -blindness O -with O -a O -transient O -tonic O -pupillary O -response O -, O -denervation O -supersensitivity O -, O -and O -abnormal O -visual O -- O -evoked O -potentials O -developed O -in O -a O -54 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -after O -the O -use O -of O -quinine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -for O -leg O -cramps O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -later O -recovered O -normal O -visual O -acuity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -transient O -tonic O -pupillary O -response O -, O -denervation O -supersensitivity O -, O -and O -abnormal O -visual O -- O -evoked O -potentials O -in O -quinine B-Chemical -toxicity O -, O -to O -our O -knowledge O -, O -have O -not O -been O -previously O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Suxamethonium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -jaw O -stiffness O -and O -myalgia O -associated O -with O -atypical O -cholinesterase O -: O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -11 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -boy O -was O -given O -halothane B-Chemical -, O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -pancuronium B-Chemical -0 O -. O -4 O -mg O -and O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -100 O -mg O -for O -induction O -of O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -response O -to O -this O -a O -marked O -jaw O -stiffness O -occurred O -which O -lasted O -for O -two O -minutes O -and O -the O -anaesthesia O -were O -terminated O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -hours O -of O -apnoea O -ensued O -and O -he O -suffered O -generalized O -severe O -myalgia O -lasting O -for O -one O -week O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -was O -found O -to O -have O -atypical O -plasma O -cholinesterase O -with O -a O -dibucaine B-Chemical -number O -of O -12 O -, O -indicating O -homozygocity O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -verified O -by O -study O -of O -the O -family O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -case O -shows O -that O -prolonged O -jaw O -rigidity O -and O -myalgia O -may O -occur O -after O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -atypical O -cholinesterase O -despite O -pretreatment O -with O -pancuronium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Indomethacin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperkalemia O -in O -three O -patients O -with O -gouty O -arthritis O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -three O -patients O -in O -whom O -severe O -, O -life O -- O -threatening O -hyperkalemia O -and O -renal O -insufficiency O -developed O -after O -treatment O -of O -acute O -gouty O -arthritis O -with O -indomethacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -complication O -may O -result O -from O -an O -inhibition O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthesis O -and O -consequent O -hyporeninemic O -hypoaidosteronism O -. O - -aps B-category -Careful O -attention O -to O -renal O -function O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -balance O -in O -patients O -receiving O -indomethacin B-Chemical -or O -other O -nonsteroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -agents O -, O -particularly O -in O -those O -patients O -with O -diabetes O -mellitus O -or O -preexisting O -renal O -disease O -, O -will O -help O -prevent O -this O -potentially O -serious O -complication O -. O - -aps B-category -Etomidate B-Chemical -: O -a O -foreshortened O -clinical O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -clinical O -evaluation O -of O -etomidate B-Chemical -for O -outpatient O -cystoscopy O -was O -embarked O -upon O -. O - -aps B-category -Unpremedicated O -patients O -were O -given O -fentanyl B-Chemical -1 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -followed O -by O -etomidate B-Chemical -0 O -. O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Anaesthesia O -was O -maintained O -with O -intermittent O -etomidate B-Chemical -in O -2 O -- O -4 O -mg O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -interviewed O -personally O -later O -the O -same O -day O -, O -and O -by O -questionnaire O -three O -to O -four O -weeks O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -trial O -was O -discontinued O -after O -20 O -cases O -because O -of O -an O -unacceptable O -incidence O -of O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Venous O -pain O -occurred O -in O -68 O -% O -of O -patients O -and O -50 O -% O -had O -redness O -, O -pain O -or O -swelling O -related O -to O -the O -injection O -site O -, O -in O -some O -cases O -lasting O -up O -to O -three O -weeks O -after O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Skeletal O -movements O -occurred O -in O -50 O -% O -of O -patients O -; O -30 O -% O -experienced O -respiratory O -upset O -, O -one O -sufficiently O -severe O -to O -necessitate O -abandoning O -the O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -Nausea O -and O -vomiting O -occurred O -in O -40 O -% O -and O -25 O -% O -had O -disturbing O -emergence O -psychoses O -. O - -aps B-category -Levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -are O -improved O -by O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -evaluated O -the O -severity O -of O -motor O -disability O -and O -dyskinesias O -in O -seven O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -responsive O -patients O -with O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -after O -an O -acute O -challenge O -with O -the O -mixed O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonist O -, O -apomorphine B-Chemical -, O -before O -and O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -( O -20 O -mg O -twice O -per O -day O -) O -for O -11 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -47 O -% O -improvement O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -without O -modification O -of O -parkinsonian O -motor O -disability O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dyskinesias O -were O -reduced O -predominantly O -in O -the O -lower O -limbs O -during O -the O -onset O -and O -disappearance O -of O -dystonic O -dyskinesias O -( O -onset O -- O -and O -end O -- O -of O -- O -dose O -dyskinesias O -) O -and O -in O -the O -upper O -limbs O -during O -choreic O -mid O -- O -dose O -dyskinesias O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -increased O -brain O -serotoninergic O -transmission O -with O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -may O -reduce O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -or O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonist O -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -without O -aggravating O -parkinsonian O -motor O -disability O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -large O -population O -- O -based O -follow O -- O -up O -study O -of O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfamethoxazole I-Chemical -, O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -, O -and O -cephalexin B-Chemical -for O -uncommon O -serious O -drug O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conducted O -a O -population O -- O -based O -45 O -- O -day O -follow O -- O -up O -study O -of O -232 O -, O -390 O -people O -who O -were O -prescribed O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfamethoxazole I-Chemical -( O -TMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -SMZ I-Chemical -) O -, O -266 O -, O -951 O -prescribed O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -alone O -, O -and O -196 O -, O -397 O -prescribed O -cephalexin B-Chemical -, O -to O -estimate O -the O -risk O -of O -serious O -liver O -, O -blood O -, O -skin O -, O -and O -renal O -disorders O -resulting O -in O -referral O -or O -hospitalization O -associated O -with O -these O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -were O -based O -on O -information O -recorded O -on O -office O -computers O -by O -selected O -general O -practitioners O -in O -the O -United O -Kingdom O -, O -together O -with O -a O -review O -of O -clinical O -records O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -risk O -of O -clinically O -important O -idiopathic O -liver O -disease O -was O -similar O -for O -persons O -prescribed O -TMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -SMZ I-Chemical -( O -5 O -. O -2 O -/ O -100 O -, O -000 O -) O -and O -those O -prescribed O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -alone O -( O -3 O -. O -8 O -/ O -100 O -, O -000 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -risk O -for O -those O -prescribed O -cephalexin B-Chemical -was O -somewhat O -lower O -( O -2 O -. O -0 O -/ O -100 O -, O -000 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -five O -patients O -experienced O -blood O -disorders O -, O -one O -of O -whom O -was O -exposed O -to O -TMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -SMZ I-Chemical -; O -of O -seven O -with O -erythema O -multiforme O -and O -Stevens O -- O -Johnson O -syndrome O -, O -four O -were O -exposed O -to O -TMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -SMZ I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -one O -case O -of O -toxic O -epidermal O -necrolysis O -occurred O -in O -a O -patient O -who O -took O -cephalexin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -only O -five O -cases O -of O -acute O -parenchymal O -renal O -disease O -occurred O -, O -none O -likely O -to O -be O -caused O -by O -a O -study O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -the O -risk O -of O -the O -serious O -diseases O -studied O -is O -small O -for O -the O -three O -agents O -, O -and O -compares O -reasonably O -with O -the O -risk O -for O -many O -other O -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -safety O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -STUDY O -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -evaluate O -the O -safety O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -in O -the O -setting O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -infarction O -( O -MI O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -A O -retrospective O -, O -multicenter O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -SETTING O -: O -Twenty O -- O -nine O -university O -, O -university O -- O -affiliated O -, O -or O -community O -hospitals O -during O -a O -6 O -- O -year O -period O -( O -total O -of O -117 O -cumulative O -hospital O -- O -years O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -PARTICIPANTS O -: O -Patients O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -MI O -who O -received O -lidocaine B-Chemical -in O -the O -emergency O -department O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Of O -29 O -patients O -who O -received O -lidocaine B-Chemical -in O -the O -setting O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -MI O -, O -no O -patient O -died O -; O -exhibited O -bradydysrhythmias O -, O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -, O -or O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -; O -or O -experienced O -seizures O -after O -administration O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -( O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -, O -0 O -% O -to O -11 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Despite O -theoretical O -concerns O -that O -lidocaine B-Chemical -may O -enhance O -cocaine B-Chemical -toxicity O -, O -the O -use O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -MI O -was O -not O -associated O -with O -significant O -cardiovascular O -or O -central O -nervous O -system O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -progressive O -muscular O -dystrophy O -and O -its O -treatment O -with O -high O -doses O -anabolizing O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -are O -still O -a O -long O -way O -from O -discovering O -an O -unequivocal O -pathogenetic O -interpretation O -of O -progressive O -muscular O -dystrophy O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Noteworthy O -efforts O -have O -been O -made O -in O -the O -experimental O -field O -; O -a O -recessive O -autosomic O -form O -found O -in O -the O -mouse O -seems O -to O -bear O -the O -closest O -resemblance O -to O -the O -human O -form O -from O -the O -genetic O -point O -of O -view O -. O - -aps B-category -Myopathy O -due O -to O -lack O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -and O -myopathy O -induced O -by O -certain O -viruses O -have O -much O -in O -common O -anatomically O -and O -pathologically O -with O -the O -human O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -induced O -myodystrophy O -in O -the O -rat O -by O -giving O -it O -a O -diet O -lacking O -in O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacological O -characteristics O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -and O -the O -degenerative O -changes O -brought O -about O -by O -its O -deficiency O -, O -especially O -in O -the O -muscles O -, O -are O -illustrated O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -thus O -confirmed O -that O -the O -histological O -characteristics O -of O -myopathic O -rat O -muscle O -induced O -experimentally O -are O -extraordinarily O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -human O -myopathy O -as O -confirmed O -during O -biopsies O -performed O -at O -the O -Orthopaedic O -Traumatological O -Centre O -, O -Florence O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -encouraging O -results O -obtained O -in O -various O -authoratative O -departments O -in O -myopathic O -patients O -by O -using O -anabolizing O -steroids B-Chemical -have O -encouraged O -the O -authors O -to O -investigate O -the O -beneficial O -effects O -of O -one O -anabolizing O -agent O -( O -Dianabol B-Chemical -, O -CIBA B-Chemical -) O -at O -high O -doses O -in O -rats O -rendered O -myopathic O -by O -a O -diet O -deficient O -in O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -way O -they O -obtained O -appreciable O -changes O -in O -body O -weight O -( O -increased O -from O -50 O -to O -70 O -g O -after O -forty O -days O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -5 O -mg O -per O -day O -of O -anabolizing O -agent O -) O -, O -but O -most O -of O -all O -they O -found O -histological O -changes O -due O -to O -" O -regenerative O -" O -changes O -in O -the O -muscle O -tissue O -, O -which O -however O -maintained O -its O -myopathic O -characteristics O -in O -the O -control O -animals O -that O -were O -not O -treated O -with O -the O -anabolizing O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -conclude O -by O -affirming O -the O -undoubted O -efficacy O -of O -the O -anabolizing O -steroids B-Chemical -in O -experimental O -myopathic O -disease O -, O -but O -they O -have O -reservations O -as O -to O -the O -transfer O -of O -the O -results O -into O -the O -human O -field O -, O -where O -high O -dosage O -cannot O -be O -carried O -out O -continuously O -because O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -the O -drug O -on O -virility O -; O -because O -the O -tissue O -injury O -too O -often O -occurs O -at O -an O -irreversible O -stage O -vis O -- O -a O -- O -vis O -the O -" O -regeneration O -" O -of O -the O -muscle O -tissue O -; O -and O -finally O -because O -the O -dystrophic O -injurious O -agent O -is O -certainly O -not O -the O -lack O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -but O -something O -as O -yet O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -Paclitaxel B-Chemical -3 O -- O -hour O -infusion O -given O -alone O -and O -combined O -with O -carboplatin B-Chemical -: O -preliminary O -results O -of O -dose O -- O -escalation O -trials O -. O - -aps B-category -Paclitaxel B-Chemical -( O -Taxol B-Chemical -; O -Bristol O -- O -Myers O -Squibb O -Company O -, O -Princeton O -, O -NJ O -) O -by O -3 O -- O -hour O -infusion O -was O -combined O -with O -carboplatin B-Chemical -in O -a O -phase O -I O -/ O -II O -study O -directed O -to O -patients O -with O -non O -- O -small O -cell O -lung O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Carboplatin B-Chemical -was O -given O -at O -a O -fixed O -target O -area O -under O -the O -concentration O -- O -time O -curve O -of O -6 O -. O -0 O -by O -the O -Calvert O -formula O -, O -whereas O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -was O -escalated O -in O -patient O -cohorts O -from O -150 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -( O -dose O -level O -I O -) O -to O -175 O -, O -200 O -, O -225 O -, O -and O -250 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -225 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -level O -was O -expanded O -for O -the O -phase O -II O -study O -since O -the O -highest O -level O -achieved O -( O -250 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -) O -required O -modification O -because O -of O -nonhematologic O -toxicities O -( O -arthralgia O -and O -sensory O -neuropathy O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Therapeutic O -effects O -were O -noted O -at O -all O -dose O -levels O -, O -with O -objective O -responses O -in O -17 O -( O -two O -complete O -and O -15 O -partial O -regressions O -) O -of O -41 O -previously O -untreated O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxicities O -were O -compared O -with O -a O -cohort O -of O -patients O -in O -a O -phase O -I O -trial O -of O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -alone O -at O -identical O -dose O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Carboplatin B-Chemical -did O -not O -appear O -to O -add O -to O -the O -hematologic O -toxicities O -observed O -, O -and O -the O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -/ O -carboplatin B-Chemical -combination O -could O -be O -dosed O -every O -3 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -- O -dependent O -effect O -of O -misoprostol B-Chemical -on O -indomethacin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -renal O -dysfunction O -in O -well O -compensated O -cirrhosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Misoprostol B-Chemical -( O -200 O -micrograms O -) O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -acutely O -counteract O -the O -indomethacin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -renal O -dysfunction O -in O -well O -compensated O -cirrhotic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -if O -the O -prophylactic O -value O -of O -misoprostol B-Chemical -was O -dose O -- O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -Parameters O -of O -renal O -hemodynamics O -and O -tubular O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -water O -handling O -were O -assessed O -by O -clearance O -techniques O -in O -26 O -well O -compensated O -cirrhotic O -patients O -before O -and O -after O -an O -oral O -combination O -of O -50 O -mg O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -and O -various O -doses O -of O -misoprostol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -200 O -- O -micrograms O -dose O -was O -able O -to O -totally O -abolish O -the O -deleterious O -renal O -effects O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -the O -800 O -- O -micrograms O -dose O -resulted O -in O -significant O -worsening O -of O -renal O -hemodynamics O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -retention O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -were O -maximal O -in O -the O -hour O -immediately O -after O -medications O -and O -slowly O -returned O -toward O -base O -- O -line O -levels O -thereafter O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -renal O -protective O -effects O -of O -misoprostol B-Chemical -is O -dose O -- O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -until O -this O -apparent O -ability O -of O -200 O -micrograms O -of O -misoprostol B-Chemical -to O -prevent O -the O -adverse O -effects O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -on O -renal O -function O -is O -confirmed O -with O -chronic O -frequent O -dosing O -, O -it O -would O -be O -prudent O -to O -avoid O -nonsteroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -therapy O -in O -patients O -with O -cirrhosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -frequency O -and O -severity O -of O -angio O -- O -oedema O -related O -to O -long O -- O -term O -therapy O -with O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -converting I-Chemical -enzyme I-Chemical -inhibitor I-Chemical -in O -two O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -reactions O -to O -drugs O -are O -well O -recognized O -as O -a O -cause O -of O -acute O -or O -chronic O -urticaria O -, O -and O -angio O -- O -oedema O -. O - -aps B-category -Angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -converting I-Chemical -enzyme I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -ACE I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -inhibitors I-Chemical -, O -used O -to O -treat O -hypertension O -and O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -, O -were O -introduced O -in O -Europe O -in O -the O -middle O -of O -the O -eighties O -, O -and O -the O -use O -of O -these O -drugs O -has O -increased O -progressively O -. O - -aps B-category -Soon O -after O -the O -introduction O -of O -ACE B-Chemical -inhibitors I-Chemical -, O -acute O -bouts O -of O -angio O -- O -oedema O -were O -reported O -in O -association O -with O -the O -use O -of O -these O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -wish O -to O -draw O -attention O -to O -the O -possibility O -of O -adverse O -reactions O -to O -ACE B-Chemical -inhibitors I-Chemical -after O -long O -- O -term O -use O -and O -in O -patients O -with O -pre O -- O -existing O -angio O -- O -oedema O -. O - -aps B-category -Myoclonus O -associated O -with O -lorazepam B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -very O -- O -low O -- O -birth O -- O -weight O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -is O -being O -used O -with O -increasing O -frequency O -as O -a O -sedative O -in O -the O -newborn O -and O -the O -young O -infant O -. O - -aps B-category -Concern O -has O -been O -raised O -with O -regard O -to O -the O -safety O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -in O -this O -age O -group O -, O -especially O -in O -very O -- O -low O -- O -birth O -- O -weight O -( O -VLBW O -; O -< O -1 O -, O -500 O -g O -) O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -young O -infants O -, O -all O -of O -birth O -weight O -< O -1 O -, O -500 O -g O -, O -experienced O -myoclonus O -following O -the O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potential O -neurotoxic O -effects O -of O -the O -drug O -( O -and O -its O -vehicle O -) O -in O -this O -population O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Injectable O -lorazepam B-Chemical -should O -be O -used O -with O -caution O -in O -VLBW O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -Transvenous O -right O -ventricular O -pacing O -during O -cardiopulmonary O -resuscitation O -of O -pediatric O -patients O -with O -acute O -cardiomyopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -the O -cardiopulmonary O -resuscitation O -efforts O -on O -five O -patients O -who O -presented O -in O -acute O -circulatory O -failure O -from O -myocardial O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -patients O -had O -acute O -viral O -myocarditis O -, O -one O -had O -a O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -eosinophilic O -myocarditis O -, O -and O -one O -had O -cardiac O -hemosiderosis O -resulting O -in O -acute O -cardiogenic O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -were O -continuously O -monitored O -with O -central O -venous O -and O -arterial O -catheters O -in O -addition O -to O -routine O -noninvasive O -monitoring O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -introducer O -sheath O -, O -a O -pacemaker O -, O -and O -sterile O -pacing O -wires O -were O -made O -readily O -available O -for O -the O -patients O -, O -should O -the O -need O -arise O -to O -terminate O -resistant O -cardiac O -dysrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -developed O -cardiocirculatory O -arrest O -associated O -with O -extreme O -hypotension O -and O -dysrhythmias O -within O -the O -first O -48 O -hours O -of O -their O -admission O -to O -the O -pediatric O -intensive O -care O -unit O -( O -PICU O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Right O -ventricular O -pacemaker O -wires O -were O -inserted O -in O -all O -of O -them O -during O -cardiopulmonary O -resuscitation O -( O -CPR O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -four O -patients O -, O -cardiac O -pacing O -was O -used O -, O -resulting O -in O -a O -temporary O -captured O -rhythm O -and O -restoration O -of O -their O -cardiac O -output O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -patients O -had O -a O -second O -event O -of O -cardiac O -arrest O -, O -resulting O -in O -death O -, O -within O -10 O -to O -60 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -one O -patient O -, O -cardiac O -pacing O -was O -not O -used O -, O -because O -he O -converted O -to O -normal O -sinus O -rhythm O -by O -electrical O -defibrillation O -within O -three O -minutes O -of O -initiating O -CPR O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -cardiac O -pacing O -during O -resuscitative O -efforts O -in O -pediatric O -patients O -suffering O -from O -acute O -myocardial O -dysfunction O -may O -not O -have O -long O -- O -term O -value O -in O -and O -of O -itself O -; O -however O -, O -if O -temporary O -hemodynamic O -stability O -is O -achieved O -by O -this O -procedure O -, O -it O -may O -provide O -additional O -time O -needed O -to O -institute O -other O -therapeutic O -modalities O -. O - -aps B-category -Efficacy O -and O -safety O -of O -granisetron B-Chemical -, O -a O -selective O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -- O -3 O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -in O -the O -prevention O -of O -nausea O -and O -vomiting O -induced O -by O -high O -- O -dose O -cisplatin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -To O -assess O -the O -antiemetic O -effects O -and O -safety O -profile O -of O -four O -different O -doses O -of O -granisetron B-Chemical -( O -Kytril B-Chemical -; O -SmithKline O -Beecham O -Pharmaceuticals O -, O -Philadelphia O -, O -PA O -) O -when O -administered O -as O -a O -single O -intravenous O -( O -IV O -) O -dose O -for O -prophylaxis O -of O -cisplatin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nausea O -and O -vomiting O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -One O -hundred O -eighty O -- O -four O -chemotherapy O -- O -naive O -patients O -receiving O -high O -- O -dose O -cisplatin B-Chemical -( O -81 O -to O -120 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -) O -were O -randomized O -to O -receive O -one O -of O -four O -granisetron B-Chemical -doses O -( O -5 O -, O -10 O -, O -20 O -, O -or O -40 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -) O -administered O -before O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -observed O -on O -an O -inpatient O -basis O -for O -18 O -to O -24 O -hours O -, O -and O -vital O -signs O -, O -nausea O -, O -vomiting O -, O -retching O -, O -and O -appetite O -were O -assessed O -. O - -aps B-category -Safety O -analyses O -included O -incidence O -of O -adverse O -experiences O -and O -laboratory O -parameter O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -After O -granisetron B-Chemical -doses O -of O -5 O -, O -10 O -, O -20 O -, O -and O -40 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -, O -a O -major O -response O -( O -< O -or O -= O -two O -vomiting O -or O -retching O -episodes O -, O -and O -no O -antiemetic O -rescue O -) O -was O -recorded O -in O -23 O -% O -, O -57 O -% O -, O -58 O -% O -, O -and O -60 O -% O -of O -patients O -, O -respectively O -, O -and O -a O -complete O -response O -( O -no O -vomiting O -or O -retching O -, O -and O -no O -antiemetic O -rescue O -) O -in O -18 O -% O -, O -41 O -% O -, O -40 O -% O -, O -and O -47 O -% O -of O -patients O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -statistically O -longer O -time O -to O -first O -episode O -of O -nausea O -( O -P O -= O -. O -0015 O -) O -and O -vomiting O -( O -P O -= O -. O -0001 O -) O -, O -and O -fewer O -patients O -were O -administered O -additional O -antiemetic O -medication O -in O -the O -10 O -- O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -dosing O -groups O -than O -in O -the O -5 O -- O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -dosing O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -granisetron B-Chemical -dose O -increased O -, O -appetite O -return O -increased O -( O -P O -= O -. O -040 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Headache O -was O -the O -most O -frequently O -reported O -adverse O -event O -( O -20 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -A O -single O -10 O -- O -, O -20 O -- O -, O -or O -40 O -- O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -dose O -of O -granisetron B-Chemical -was O -effective O -in O -controlling O -vomiting O -in O -57 O -% O -to O -60 O -% O -of O -patients O -who O -received O -cisplatin B-Chemical -at O -doses O -greater O -than O -81 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -and O -totally O -prevented O -vomiting O -in O -40 O -% O -to O -47 O -% O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -statistically O -significant O -differences O -in O -efficacy O -between O -the O -10 O -- O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -dose O -and O -the O -20 O -- O -and O -40 O -- O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Granisetron B-Chemical -was O -well O -tolerated O -at O -all O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -interaction O -between O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -verapamil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -report O -two O -cases O -of O -a O -possible O -adverse O -interaction O -between O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -verapamil B-Chemical -resulting O -in O -atrioventricular O -( O -AV O -) O -block O -in O -both O -patients O -and O -severe O -hypotension O -in O -one O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -SUMMARIES O -: O -A O -54 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -hyperaldosteronism O -was O -treated O -with O -verapamil B-Chemical -480 O -mg O -/ O -d O -and O -spironolactone B-Chemical -100 O -mg O -/ O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -addition O -of O -a O -minimal O -dose O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -15 O -mg O -bid O -) O -, O -she O -developed O -complete O -AV O -block O -and O -severe O -hypotension O -, O -which O -resolved O -upon O -cessation O -of O -all O -medications O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -65 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -was O -treated O -with O -extended O -- O -release O -verapamil B-Chemical -240 O -mg O -/ O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -addition O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -0 O -. O -15 O -mg O -bid O -she O -developed O -complete O -AV O -block O -, O -which O -resolved O -after O -all O -therapy O -was O -stopped O -. O - -aps B-category -DISCUSSION O -: O -An O -adverse O -interaction O -between O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -verapamil B-Chemical -has O -not O -been O -reported O -previously O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -two O -such O -cases O -and O -discuss O -the O -various O -mechanisms O -that O -might O -cause O -such O -an O -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinicians O -should O -be O -acquainted O -with O -this O -possibly O -fatal O -interaction O -between O -two O -commonly O -used O -antihypertensive O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Caution O -is O -recommended O -in O -combining O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -verapamil B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -even O -in O -patients O -who O -do O -not O -have O -sinus O -or O -AV O -node O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -drugs O -may O -act O -synergistically O -on O -both O -the O -AV O -node O -and O -the O -peripheral O -circulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -studies O -on O -a O -new O -dihydrothienopyridine B-Chemical -calcium I-Chemical -antagonist O -, O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -312 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -d I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -5th O -communication O -: O -anticonvulsant O -effects O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -312 I-Chemical -, O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -312 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -d I-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -312 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -, O -L O -- O -type O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -antagonists O -, O -showed O -anticonvulsant O -effects O -on O -the O -audiogenic O -tonic O -convulsions O -in O -DBA O -/ O -2 O -mice O -; O -and O -their O -ED50 O -values O -were O -18 O -. O -4 O -( O -12 O -. O -8 O -- O -27 O -. O -1 O -) O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -p O -. O -o O -. O -and O -15 O -. O -0 O -( O -10 O -. O -2 O -- O -23 O -. O -7 O -) O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -p O -. O -o O -. O -, O -respectively O -, O -while O -that O -of O -flunarizine B-Chemical -was O -34 O -. O -0 O -( O -26 O -. O -0 O -- O -44 O -. O -8 O -) O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -p O -. O -o O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -moderate O -anticonvulsant O -effects O -of O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -312 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -d I-Chemical -in O -higher O -doses O -were O -observed O -against O -the O -clonic O -convulsions O -induced O -by O -pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical -( O -85 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -or O -bemegride B-Chemical -( O -40 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -, O -no O -effects O -were O -observed O -in O -convulsions O -induced O -by O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -, O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -, O -or O -electroshock O -in O -Slc O -: O -ddY O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -312 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -d I-Chemical -may O -be O -useful O -in O -the O -therapy O -of O -certain O -types O -of O -human O -epilepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Transmural O -myocardial O -infarction O -with O -sumatriptan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -For O -sumatriptan B-Chemical -, O -tightness O -in O -the O -chest O -caused O -by O -an O -unknown O -mechanism O -has O -been O -reported O -in O -3 O -- O -5 O -% O -of O -users O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -47 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -an O -acute O -myocardial O -infarction O -after O -administration O -of O -sumatriptan B-Chemical -6 O -mg O -subcutaneously O -for O -cluster O -headache O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -had O -no O -history O -of O -underlying O -ischaemic O -heart O -disease O -or O -Prinzmetal O -' O -s O -angina O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -recovered O -without O -complications O -. O - -aps B-category -Flumazenil B-Chemical -induces O -seizures O -and O -death O -in O -mixed O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -diazepam B-Chemical -intoxications O -. O - -aps B-category -STUDY O -HYPOTHESIS O -: O -Administration O -of O -the O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -antagonist O -flumazenil B-Chemical -may O -unmask O -seizures O -in O -mixed O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -intoxication O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -Male O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -received O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -cocaine B-Chemical -IP O -alone O -, O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -diazepam B-Chemical -alone O -, O -or O -a O -combination O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -cocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -minutes O -later O -, O -groups O -were O -challenged O -with O -vehicle O -or O -flumazenil B-Chemical -5 O -or O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -IP O -. O - -aps B-category -Animal O -behavior O -, O -seizures O -( O -time O -to O -and O -incidence O -) O -, O -death O -( O -time O -to O -and O -incidence O -) O -, O -and O -cortical O -EEG O -tracings O -were O -recorded O -. O - -aps B-category -INTERVENTIONS O -: O -Administration O -of O -flumazenil B-Chemical -to O -animals O -after O -they O -had O -received O -a O -combination O -dose O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -In O -group O -1 O -, O -animals O -received O -cocaine B-Chemical -followed O -by O -vehicle O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -resulted O -in O -100 O -% O -developing O -seizures O -and O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -Group O -2 O -received O -diazepam B-Chemical -alone O -followed O -by O -vehicle O -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -became O -somnolent O -and O -none O -died O -. O - -aps B-category -Group O -3 O -received O -diazepam B-Chemical -followed O -by O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -flumazenil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -became O -somnolent O -after O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -then O -active O -after O -flumazenil B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -group O -4 O -, O -a O -combination O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -was O -administered O -simultaneously O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -resulted O -in O -no O -overt O -or O -EEG O -- O -detectable O -seizures O -and O -a O -50 O -% O -incidence O -of O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -Group O -5 O -received O -a O -similar O -combination O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -followed O -later O -by O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -flumazenil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -resulted O -in O -an O -increased O -incidence O -of O -seizures O -, O -90 O -% O -( O -P O -< O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -and O -death O -, O -100 O -% O -( O -P O -< O -or O -= O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -compared O -with O -group O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Group O -6 O -received O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -followed O -by O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -flumazenil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -also O -resulted O -in O -an O -increased O -incidence O -of O -seizures O -, O -90 O -% O -( O -P O -< O -or O -= O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -and O -death O -, O -90 O -% O -( O -P O -< O -or O -= O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -compared O -with O -group O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Flumazenil B-Chemical -can O -unmask O -seizures O -and O -increase O -the O -incidence O -of O -death O -in O -a O -model O -of O -combined O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -diazepam B-Chemical -intoxications O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanisms O -for O -protective O -effects O -of O -free O -radical O -scavengers O -on O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- O -mediated O -nephropathy O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -were O -performed O -to O -examine O -the O -mechanisms O -for O -the O -protective O -effects O -of O -free O -radical O -scavengers O -on O -gentamicin B-Chemical -( O -GM B-Chemical -) O -- O -mediated O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -GM B-Chemical -at O -40 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -sc O -for O -13 O -days O -to O -rats O -induced O -a O -significant O -reduction O -in O -renal O -blood O -flow O -( O -RBF O -) O -and O -inulin O -clearance O -( O -CIn O -) O -as O -well O -as O -marked O -tubular O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -reduction O -in O -urinary O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cyclic I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -( O -cGMP B-Chemical -) O -excretion O -and O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -renal O -cortical O -renin O -and O -endothelin O -- O -1 O -contents O -were O -also O -observed O -in O -GM B-Chemical -- O -mediated O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -( O -SOD O -) O -or O -dimethylthiourea B-Chemical -( O -DMTU B-Chemical -) O -significantly O -lessened O -the O -GM B-Chemical -- O -induced O -decrement O -in O -CIn O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -SOD O -- O -induced O -increase O -in O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -marked O -improvement O -in O -RBF O -, O -an O -increase O -in O -urinary O -cGMP B-Chemical -excretion O -, O -and O -a O -decrease O -in O -renal O -renin O -and O -endothelin O -- O -1 O -content O -. O - -aps B-category -SOD O -did O -not O -attenuate O -the O -tubular O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -DMTU B-Chemical -significantly O -reduced O -the O -tubular O -damage O -and O -lipid O -peroxidation O -, O -but O -it O -did O -not O -affect O -renal O -hemodynamics O -and O -vasoactive O -substances O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -SOD O -nor O -DMTU B-Chemical -affected O -the O -renal O -cortical O -GM B-Chemical -content O -in O -GM B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -1 O -) O -both O -SOD O -and O -DMTU B-Chemical -have O -protective O -effects O -on O -GM B-Chemical -- O -mediated O -nephropathy O -, O -2 O -) O -the O -mechanisms O -for O -the O -protective O -effects O -differ O -for O -SOD O -and O -DMTU B-Chemical -, O -and O -3 O -) O -superoxide B-Chemical -anions O -play O -a O -critical O -role O -in O -GM B-Chemical -- O -induced O -renal O -vasoconstriction O -. O - -aps B-category -Cephalothin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -immune O -hemolytic O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -patient O -with O -renal O -disease O -developed O -Coombs O -- O -positive O -hemolytic O -anemia O -while O -receiving O -cephalothin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -anti O -- O -cephalothin B-Chemical -IgG O -antibody O -was O -detected O -in O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -serum O -and O -in O -the O -eluates O -from O -her O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -nonimmunologic O -binding O -of O -normal O -and O -patient O -' O -s O -serum O -proteins O -to O -her O -own O -and O -cephalothin B-Chemical -- O -coated O -normal O -red O -cells O -was O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -Skin O -tests O -and O -in O -vitro O -lymphocyte O -stimulation O -revealed O -that O -the O -patient O -was O -sensitized O -to O -cephalothin B-Chemical -and O -also O -to O -ampicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Careful O -investigation O -of O -drug O -- O -induced O -hemolytic O -anemias O -reveals O -the O -complexity O -of O -the O -immune O -mechanisms O -involved O -. O - -aps B-category -Assessment O -of O -cardiomyocyte O -DNA O -synthesis O -during O -hypertrophy O -in O -adult O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -cardiomyocytes O -to O -synthesize O -DNA O -in O -response O -to O -experimentally O -induced O -cardiac O -hypertrophy O -was O -assessed O -in O -adult O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -delivered O -by O -osmotic O -minipump O -implantation O -in O -adult O -C3Heb O -/ O -FeJ O -mice O -resulted O -in O -a O -46 O -% O -increase O -in O -heart O -weight O -and O -a O -19 O -. O -3 O -% O -increase O -in O -cardiomyocyte O -area O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -DNA O -synthesis O -, O -as O -assessed O -by O -autoradiographic O -analysis O -of O -isolated O -cardiomyocytes O -, O -was O -observed O -in O -control O -or O -hypertrophic O -hearts O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -survey O -of O -15 O -independent O -inbred O -strains O -of O -mice O -revealed O -that O -ventricular O -cardiomyocyte O -nuclear O -number O -ranged O -from O -3 O -to O -13 O -% O -mononucleate O -, O -suggesting O -that O -cardiomyocyte O -terminal O -differentiation O -is O -influenced O -directly O -or O -indirectly O -by O -genetic O -background O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -determine O -whether O -the O -capacity O -for O -reactive O -DNA O -synthesis O -was O -also O -subject O -to O -genetic O -regulation O -, O -cardiac O -hypertrophy O -was O -induced O -in O -the O -strains O -of O -mice O -comprising O -the O -extremes O -of O -the O -nuclear O -number O -survey O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -adult O -mouse O -atrial O -and O -ventricular O -cardiomyocytes O -do O -not O -synthesize O -DNA O -in O -response O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiac O -hypertrophy O -. O - -aps B-category -Central O -cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -AVP B-Chemical -and O -ANP O -in O -normotensive O -and O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -the O -present O -study O -was O -to O -compare O -influence O -of O -central O -arginine B-Chemical -vasopressin I-Chemical -( O -AVP B-Chemical -) O -and O -of O -atrial O -natriuretic O -peptide O -( O -ANP O -) O -on O -control O -of O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -( O -MAP O -) O -and O -heart O -rate O -( O -HR O -) O -in O -normotensive O -( O -WKY O -) O -and O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -( O -SHR O -) O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -series O -of O -experiments O -were O -performed O -on O -30 O -WKY O -and O -30 O -SHR O -, O -chronically O -instrumented O -with O -guide O -tubes O -in O -the O -lateral O -ventricle O -( O -LV O -) O -and O -arterial O -and O -venous O -catheters O -. O - -aps B-category -MAP O -and O -HR O -were O -monitored O -before O -and O -after O -i O -. O -v O -. O -injections O -of O -either O -vehicle O -or O -1 O -, O -10 O -and O -50 O -ng O -of O -AVP B-Chemical -and O -25 O -, O -125 O -and O -500 O -ng O -of O -ANP O -. O - -aps B-category -Sensitivity O -of O -cardiac O -component O -of O -baroreflex O -( O -CCB O -) O -, O -expressed O -as O -a O -slope O -of O -the O -regression O -line O -was O -determined O -from O -relationships O -between O -systolic O -arterial O -pressure O -( O -SAP O -) O -and O -HR O -period O -( O -HRp O -) O -during O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -( O -Phe B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -hypertension O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -( O -SN B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -CCB O -was O -measured O -before O -and O -after O -administration O -of O -either O -vehicle O -, O -AVP B-Chemical -, O -ANP O -, O -or O -both O -peptides O -together O -. O - -aps B-category -Increases O -of O -MAP O -occurred O -after O -LV O -administration O -of O -1 O -, O -10 O -and O -50 O -ng O -of O -AVP B-Chemical -in O -WKY O -and O -of O -10 O -and O -50 O -ng O -in O -SHR O -. O - -aps B-category -ANP O -did O -not O -cause O -significant O -changes O -in O -MAP O -in O -both O -strains O -as O -compared O -to O -vehicle O -, O -but O -it O -abolished O -AVP B-Chemical -- O -induced O -MAP O -increase O -in O -WKY O -and O -SHR O -. O - -aps B-category -CCB O -was O -reduced O -in O -WKY O -and O -SHR O -after O -LV O -administration O -of O -AVP B-Chemical -during O -SN B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -SHR O -but O -not O -in O -WKY O -administration O -of O -ANP O -, O -AVP B-Chemical -and O -ANP O -+ O -AVP B-Chemical -decreased O -CCB O -during O -Phe B-Chemical -- O -induced O -MAP O -elevation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -centrally O -applied O -AVP B-Chemical -and O -ANP O -exert O -differential O -effects O -on O -blood O -pressure O -and O -baroreflex O -control O -of O -heart O -rate O -in O -WKY O -and O -SHR O -and O -suggest O -interaction O -of O -these O -two O -peptides O -in O -blood O -pressure O -regulation O -at O -the O -level O -of O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Cutaneous O -exposure O -to O -warfarin B-Chemical -- O -like O -anticoagulant O -causing O -an O -intracerebral O -hemorrhage O -: O -a O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -intercerebral O -hematoma O -due O -to O -warfarin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -coagulopathy O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -39 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -had O -spread O -a O -warfarin B-Chemical -- O -type O -rat O -poison O -around O -her O -house O -weekly O -using O -her O -bare O -hands O -, O -with O -no O -washing O -post O -application O -. O - -aps B-category -Percutaneous O -absorption O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -causing O -coagulopathy O -, O -reported O -three O -times O -in O -the O -past O -, O -is O -a O -significant O -risk O -if O -protective O -measures O -, O -such O -as O -gloves O -, O -are O -not O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -adverse O -drug O -interaction O -with O -piroxicam B-Chemical -, O -which O -she O -took O -occasionally O -, O -may O -have O -exacerbated O -the O -coagulopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Pediatric O -heart O -transplantation O -without O -chronic O -maintenance O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -From O -1986 O -to O -February O -1993 O -, O -40 O -children O -aged O -2 O -months O -to O -18 O -years O -( O -average O -age O -10 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -. O -8 O -years O -) O -underwent O -heart O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -Indications O -for O -transplantation O -were O -idiopathic O -cardiomyopathy O -( O -52 O -% O -) O -, O -congenital O -heart O -disease O -( O -35 O -% O -) O -with O -and O -without O -prior O -repair O -( O -71 O -% O -and O -29 O -% O -, O -respectively O -) O -, O -hypertrophic O -cardiomyopathy O -( O -5 O -% O -) O -, O -valvular O -heart O -disease O -( O -3 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -cardiomyopathy O -( O -5 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -managed O -with O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -and O -azathioprine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -No O -prophylaxis O -with O -antilymphocyte O -globulin O -was O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Steroids B-Chemical -were O -given O -to O -39 O -% O -of O -patients O -for O -refractory O -rejection O -, O -but O -weaning O -was O -always O -attempted O -and O -generally O -successful O -( O -64 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -patients O -( O -14 O -% O -) O -received O -maintenance O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -patients O -died O -in O -the O -perioperative O -period O -and O -one O -died O -4 O -months O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -have O -been O -no O -deaths O -related O -to O -rejection O -or O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -Average O -follow O -- O -up O -was O -36 O -+ O -/ O -- O -19 O -months O -( O -range O -1 O -to O -65 O -months O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Cumulative O -survival O -is O -88 O -% O -at O -5 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -less O -than O -7 O -years O -of O -age O -, O -rejection O -was O -monitored O -noninvasively O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -first O -postoperative O -month O -, O -89 O -% O -of O -patients O -were O -treated O -for O -rejection O -. O - -aps B-category -Freedom O -from O -serious O -infections O -was O -83 O -% O -at O -1 O -month O -and O -65 O -% O -at O -1 O -year O -. O - -aps B-category -Cytomegalovirus O -infections O -were O -treated O -successfully O -with O -ganciclovir B-Chemical -in O -11 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -impairment O -of O -growth O -was O -observed O -in O -children O -who O -underwent O -transplantation O -compared O -with O -a O -control O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -one O -patients O -( O -60 O -% O -) O -have O -undergone O -annual O -catheterizations O -and O -no O -sign O -of O -graft O -atherosclerosis O -has O -been O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Seizures O -occurred O -in O -five O -patients O -( O -14 O -% O -) O -and O -hypertension O -was O -treated O -in O -10 O -patients O -( O -28 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -patient O -was O -disabled O -and O -no O -lymphoproliferative O -disorder O -was O -observed O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Delirium O -during O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -correlation O -between O -high O -serum O -tricyclic O -antidepressant O -concentrations O -and O -central O -nervous O -system O -side O -effects O -has O -been O -well O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -a O -few O -reports O -exist O -, O -however O -, O -on O -the O -relationship O -between O -the O -serum O -concentrations O -of O -selective O -serotonin B-Chemical -reuptake O -inhibitors O -( O -SSRIs O -) O -and O -their O -toxic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -some O -cases O -, O -a O -high O -serum O -concentration O -of O -citalopram B-Chemical -( O -> O -600 O -nmol O -/ O -L O -) O -in O -elderly O -patients O -has O -been O -associated O -with O -increased O -somnolence O -and O -movement O -difficulties O -. O - -aps B-category -Widespread O -cognitive O -disorders O -, O -such O -as O -delirium O -, O -have O -not O -been O -previously O -linked O -with O -high O -blood O -levels O -of O -SSRIs O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -report O -, O -we O -describe O -a O -patient O -with O -acute O -hyperkinetic O -delirium O -connected O -with O -a O -high O -serum O -total O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -( O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -plus O -desmethylfluoxetine B-Chemical -) O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Pulmonary O -edema O -and O -shock O -after O -high O -- O -dose O -aracytine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -for O -lymphoma O -; O -possible O -role O -of O -TNF O -- O -alpha O -and O -PAF O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -out O -of O -23 O -consecutive O -patients O -treated O -with O -high O -- O -dose O -Ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -for O -lymphomas O -in O -our O -institution O -developed O -a O -strikingly O -similar O -syndrome O -during O -the O -perfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -characterized O -by O -the O -onset O -of O -fever O -, O -diarrhea O -, O -shock O -, O -pulmonary O -edema O -, O -acute O -renal O -failure O -, O -metabolic O -acidosis O -, O -weight O -gain O -and O -leukocytosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Thorough O -bacteriological O -screening O -failed O -to O -provide O -evidence O -of O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -Sequential O -biological O -assays O -of O -IL O -- O -1 O -, O -IL O -- O -2 O -, O -TNF O -and O -PAF O -were O -performed O -during O -Ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -infusion O -to O -ten O -patients O -, O -including O -the O -four O -who O -developed O -the O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -TNF O -and O -PAF O -activity O -was O -found O -in O -the O -serum O -of O -respectively O -two O -and O -four O -of O -the O -cases O -, O -but O -not O -in O -the O -six O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -TNF O -and O -PAF O -are O -thought O -to O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -development O -of O -septic O -shock O -and O -adult O -respiratory O -distress O -syndrome O -, O -we O -hypothesize O -that O -high O -- O -dose O -Ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -may O -be O -associated O -with O -cytokine O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Protective O -effect O -of O -clentiazem B-Chemical -against O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiac O -injury O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -investigated O -the O -effects O -of O -clentiazem B-Chemical -, O -a O -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzothiazepine I-Chemical -calcium B-Chemical -antagonist O -, O -on O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiomyopathy O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -2 O -- O -week O -chronic O -epinephrine B-Chemical -infusion O -, O -16 O -of O -30 O -rats O -died O -within O -4 O -days O -, O -and O -severe O -ischemic O -lesions O -and O -fibrosis O -of O -the O -left O -ventricles O -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -, O -left O -atrial O -and O -left O -ventricular O -papillary O -muscle O -contractile O -responses O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -were O -reduced O -, O -but O -responses O -to O -calcium B-Chemical -were O -normal O -or O -enhanced O -compared O -to O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Left O -ventricular O -alpha O -and O -beta O -adrenoceptor O -densities O -were O -also O -reduced O -compared O -to O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -clentiazem B-Chemical -prevented O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -death O -( O -P O -< O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -and O -attenuated O -the O -ventricular O -ischemic O -lesions O -and O -fibrosis O -, O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -Left O -atrial O -and O -left O -ventricular O -papillary O -muscle O -contractile O -responses O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -were O -reduced O -compared O -to O -controls O -in O -groups O -treated O -with O -clentiazem B-Chemical -alone O -, O -but O -combined O -with O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -clentiazem B-Chemical -restored O -left O -atrial O -responses O -and O -enhanced O -left O -ventricular O -papillary O -responses O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -clentiazem B-Chemical -did O -not O -prevent O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -down O -- O -regulation O -of O -alpha O -and O -beta O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Interestingly O -, O -clentiazem B-Chemical -, O -infused O -alone O -, O -resulted O -in O -decreased O -adrenergic O -receptor O -densities O -in O -the O -left O -ventricle O -. O - -aps B-category -Clentiazem B-Chemical -also O -did O -not O -prevent O -the O -enhanced O -responses O -to O -calcium B-Chemical -seen O -in O -the O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -animals O -, O -although O -the O -high O -dose O -of O -clentiazem B-Chemical -partially O -attenuated O -the O -maximal O -response O -to O -calcium B-Chemical -compared O -to O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -clentiazem B-Chemical -attenuated O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiac O -injury O -, O -possibly O -through O -its O -effect O -on O -the O -adrenergic O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -Kaliuretic O -effect O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -treatment O -in O -parkinsonian O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypokalemia O -, O -sometimes O -severe O -, O -was O -observed O -in O -some O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -- O -treated O -parkinsonian O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -on O -the O -renal O -excretion O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -3 O -patients O -with O -hypokalemia O -and O -in O -5 O -normokalemic O -patients O -by O -determination O -of O -renal O -plasma O -flow O -, O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -, O -plasma O -concentration O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -aldosterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Dopa I-Chemical -intake O -was O -found O -to O -cause O -an O -increased O -excretion O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -and O -sometimes O -also O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -in O -the O -hypokalemic O -but O -not O -in O -the O -normokalemic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -on O -the O -renal O -function O -could O -be O -prohibited O -by O -the O -administration O -of O -a O -peripheral O -dopa O -decarbodylase O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -not O -known O -why O -this O -effect O -occurred O -in O -some O -individuals O -but O -not O -in O -others O -, O -but O -our O -results O -indicate O -a O -correlation O -between O -aldosterone B-Chemical -production O -and O -this O -renal O -effect O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -induced O -myocardial O -ischemia O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -myocardial O -ischemia O -induced O -by O -cocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ischemia O -probably O -induced O -by O -coronary O -artery O -spasm O -was O -reversed O -by O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -blocking O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -monitored O -by O -ECG O -in O -freely O -moving O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -model O -to O -test O -potential O -protectors O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -laboratory O -animals O -, O -histology O -is O -most O -commonly O -used O -to O -study O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -for O -monitoring O -during O -treatment O -, O -large O -numbers O -of O -animals O -are O -needed O -. O - -aps B-category -Recently O -we O -developed O -a O -new O -method O -to O -measure O -ECG O -values O -in O -freely O -moving O -mice O -by O -telemetry O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -this O -model O -we O -investigated O -the O -effect O -of O -chronic O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -administration O -on O -the O -ECG O -of O -freely O -moving O -BALB O -/ O -c O -mice O -and O -the O -efficacy O -of O -ICRF B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -187 I-Chemical -as O -a O -protective O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ST O -interval O -significantly O -widened O -from O -15 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -5 O -to O -56 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -11 O -. O -8 O -ms O -in O -week O -10 O -( O -7 O -weekly O -doses O -of O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -given O -i O -. O -v O -. O -plus O -3 O -weeks O -of O -observation O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ECG O -of O -the O -control O -animals O -did O -not O -change O -during O -the O -entire O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -sacrifice O -the O -hearts O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -animals O -were O -enlarged O -and O -the O -atria O -were O -hypertrophic O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -this O -schedule O -exerted O -more O -toxicity O -than O -needed O -to O -investigate O -protective O -agents O -, O -the O -protection O -of O -ICRF B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -187 I-Chemical -was O -determined O -using O -a O -dose O -schedule O -with O -lower O -general O -toxicity O -( O -6 O -weekly O -doses O -of O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -given O -i O -. O -v O -. O -plus O -2 O -weeks O -of O -observation O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -this O -schedule O -, O -the O -animals O -' O -hearts O -appeared O -normal O -after O -sacrifice O -and O -ICRF B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -187 I-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -given O -i O -. O -p O -. O -1 O -h O -before O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -) O -provided O -almost O -full O -protection O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -were O -confirmed O -by O -histology O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -this O -new O -model O -is O -very O -sensitive O -and O -enables O -monitoring O -of O -the O -development O -of O -cardiotoxicity O -with O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -result O -in O -a O -model O -that O -allows O -the O -testing O -of O -protectors O -against O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -as O -demonstrated O -by O -the O -protection O -provided O -by O -ICRF B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -187 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Epinephrine B-Chemical -dysrhythmogenicity O -is O -not O -enhanced O -by O -subtoxic O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -may O -both O -precipitate O -dysrhythmias O -, O -circulating O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -during O -regional O -anesthesia O -could O -potentiate O -dysrhythmogenic O -effects O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -therefore O -examined O -whether O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -alters O -the O -dysrhythmogenicity O -of O -subsequent O -administration O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -in O -conscious O -, O -healthy O -dogs O -and O -in O -anesthetized O -dogs O -with O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -- O -one O -conscious O -dogs O -received O -10 O -micrograms O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -. O -min O -- O -1 O -epinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Seventeen O -animals O -responded O -with O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -( O -VT O -) O -within O -3 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -3 O -h O -, O -these O -responders O -randomly O -received O -1 O -or O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -or O -saline O -over O -5 O -min O -, O -followed O -by O -10 O -micrograms O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -. O -min O -- O -1 O -epinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -groups O -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -caused O -fewer O -prodysrhythmic O -effects O -than O -without O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -VT O -appeared O -in O -fewer O -dogs O -and O -at O -a O -later O -time O -, O -and O -there O -were O -more O -sinoatrial O -beats O -and O -less O -ectopies O -. O - -aps B-category -Epinephrine B-Chemical -shortened O -QT O -less O -after O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -than O -in O -control O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -day O -after O -experimental O -myocardial O -infarction O -, O -six O -additional O -halothane B-Chemical -- O -anesthetized O -dogs O -received O -4 O -micrograms O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -. O -min O -- O -1 O -epinephrine B-Chemical -until O -VT O -appeared O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -45 O -min O -, O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -was O -injected O -over O -5 O -min O -, O -again O -followed O -by O -4 O -micrograms O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -. O -min O -- O -1 O -epinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -dogs O -, O -the O -prodysrhythmic O -response O -to O -epinephrine B-Chemical -was O -also O -mitigated O -by O -preceding O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Bupivacaine B-Chemical -antagonizes O -epinephrine B-Chemical -dysrhythmogenicity O -in O -conscious O -dogs O -susceptible O -to O -VT O -and O -in O -anesthetized O -dogs O -with O -spontaneous O -postinfarct O -dysrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -no O -evidence O -that O -systemic O -subtoxic O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -administration O -enhances O -the O -dysrhythmogenicity O -of O -subsequent O -epinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Milk O -- O -alkali O -syndrome O -induced O -by O -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -25 I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -OH I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -2D I-Chemical -in O -a O -patient O -with O -hypoparathyroidism O -. O - -aps B-category -Milk O -- O -alkali O -syndrome O -was O -first O -described O -70 O -years O -ago O -in O -the O -context O -of O -the O -treatment O -of O -peptic O -ulcer O -disease O -with O -large O -amounts O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -alkali B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -with O -current O -ulcer O -therapy O -( O -H O -- O -2 O -blockers O -, O -omeprazole B-Chemical -, O -and O -sucralfate B-Chemical -) O -, O -the O -frequency O -of O -milk O -- O -alkali O -syndrome O -has O -decreased O -significantly O -, O -the O -classic O -triad O -of O -hypercalcemia O -, O -alkalosis O -, O -and O -renal O -impairment O -remains O -the O -hallmark O -of O -the O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Milk O -- O -alkali O -syndrome O -can O -present O -serious O -and O -occasionally O -life O -- O -threatening O -illness O -unless O -diagnosed O -and O -treated O -appropriately O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -article O -presents O -a O -patient O -with O -hypoparathyroidism O -who O -was O -treated O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -and O -calcitriol B-Chemical -resulting O -in O -two O -admissions O -to O -the O -hospital O -for O -milk O -- O -alkali O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -was O -successfully O -treated O -with O -intravenous O -pamidronate B-Chemical -on O -his O -first O -admission O -and O -with O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -on O -the O -second O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -illustrates O -intravenous O -pamidronate B-Chemical -as O -a O -valuable O -therapeutic O -tool O -when O -milk O -- O -alkali O -syndrome O -presents O -as O -hypercalcemic O -emergency O -. O - -aps B-category -Famotidine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -delirium O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -series O -of O -six O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Famotidine B-Chemical -is O -a O -histamine O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -used O -in O -inpatient O -settings O -for O -prevention O -of O -stress O -ulcers O -and O -is O -showing O -increasing O -popularity O -because O -of O -its O -low O -cost O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -all O -of O -the O -currently O -available O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -have O -shown O -the O -propensity O -to O -cause O -delirium O -, O -only O -two O -previously O -reported O -cases O -have O -been O -associated O -with O -famotidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -report O -on O -six O -cases O -of O -famotidine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -delirium O -in O -hospitalized O -patients O -who O -cleared O -completely O -upon O -removal O -of O -famotidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -famotidine B-Chemical -are O -reviewed O -, O -with O -no O -change O -in O -its O -metabolism O -in O -the O -elderly O -population O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -implications O -of O -using O -famotidine B-Chemical -in O -elderly O -persons O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Encephalopathy O -during O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -therapy O -: O -are O -neuroleptic O -malignant O -syndrome O -and O -serotonin O -syndrome O -spectrum O -disorders O -? O - -aps B-category -This O -report O -describes O -a O -case O -of O -encephalopathy O -developed O -in O -the O -course O -of O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -during O -a O -remission O -of O -unipolar O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -patient O -could O -have O -been O -diagnosed O -as O -having O -either O -neuroleptic O -malignant O -syndrome O -( O -NMS O -) O -or O -serotonin O -syndrome O -( O -SS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -determinant O -of O -the O -symptoms O -may O -have O -been O -dopamine B-Chemical -/ O -serotonin B-Chemical -imbalance O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -NMS O -- O -like O -encephalopathy O -that O -develops O -in O -association O -with O -the O -use O -of O -antidepressants O -indicates O -that O -NMS O -and O -SS O -are O -spectrum O -disorders O -induced O -by O -drugs O -with O -both O -antidopaminergic O -and O -serotonergic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Genetic O -separation O -of O -tumor O -growth O -and O -hemorrhagic O -phenotypes O -in O -an O -estrogen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -tumor O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -administration O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -to O -the O -Fischer O -344 O -( O -F344 O -) O -rat O -induces O -growth O -of O -large O -, O -hemorrhagic O -pituitary O -tumors O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -weeks O -of O -diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical -( O -DES B-Chemical -) O -treatment O -caused O -female O -F344 O -rat O -pituitaries O -to O -grow O -to O -an O -average O -of O -109 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -. O -3 O -mg O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SE O -) O -versus O -11 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -4 O -mg O -for O -untreated O -rats O -, O -and O -to O -become O -highly O -hemorrhagic O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -same O -DES B-Chemical -treatment O -produced O -no O -significant O -growth O -( O -8 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -for O -treated O -females O -versus O -8 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -1 O -for O -untreated O -females O -) O -or O -morphological O -changes O -in O -Brown O -Norway O -( O -BN O -) O -rat O -pituitaries O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -F1 O -hybrid O -of O -F344 O -and O -BN O -exhibited O -significant O -pituitary O -growth O -after O -10 O -weeks O -of O -DES B-Chemical -treatment O -with O -an O -average O -mass O -of O -26 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -mg O -compared O -with O -8 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -9 O -mg O -for O -untreated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Surprisingly O -, O -the O -F1 O -hybrid O -tumors O -were O -not O -hemorrhagic O -and O -had O -hemoglobin O -content O -and O -outward O -appearance O -identical O -to O -that O -of O -BN O -. O - -aps B-category -Expression O -of O -both O -growth O -and O -morphological O -changes O -is O -due O -to O -multiple O -genes O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -while O -DES B-Chemical -- O -induced O -pituitary O -growth O -exhibited O -quantitative O -, O -additive O -inheritance O -, O -the O -hemorrhagic O -phenotype O -exhibited O -recessive O -, O -epistatic O -inheritance O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -5 O -of O -the O -160 O -F2 O -pituitaries O -exhibited O -the O -hemorrhagic O -phenotype O -; O -36 O -of O -the O -160 O -F2 O -pituitaries O -were O -in O -the O -F344 O -range O -of O -mass O -, O -but O -31 O -of O -these O -were O -not O -hemorrhagic O -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -hemorrhagic O -phenotype O -is O -not O -merely O -a O -consequence O -of O -extensive O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hemorrhagic O -F2 O -pituitaries O -were O -all O -among O -the O -most O -massive O -, O -indicating O -that O -some O -of O -the O -genes O -regulate O -both O -phenotypes O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -expression O -of O -neuronal O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -synthase O -in O -bladder O -afferent O -pathways O -following O -chronic O -bladder O -irritation O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunocytochemical O -techniques O -were O -used O -to O -examine O -alterations O -in O -the O -expression O -of O -neuronal O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -synthase O -( O -NOS O -) O -in O -bladder O -pathways O -following O -acute O -and O -chronic O -irritation O -of O -the O -urinary O -tract O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemical O -cystitis O -was O -induced O -by O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -CYP B-Chemical -) O -which O -is O -metabolized O -to O -acrolein B-Chemical -, O -an O -irritant O -eliminated O -in O -the O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -Injection O -of O -CYP B-Chemical -( O -n O -= O -10 O -, O -75 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -2 O -hours O -prior O -to O -perfusion O -( O -acute O -treatment O -) O -of O -the O -animals O -increased O -Fos O -- O -immunoreactivity O -( O -IR O -) O -in O -neurons O -in O -the O -dorsal O -commissure O -, O -dorsal O -horn O -, O -and O -autonomic O -regions O -of O -spinal O -segments O -( O -L1 O -- O -L2 O -and O -L6 O -- O -S1 O -) O -which O -receive O -afferent O -inputs O -from O -the O -bladder O -, O -urethra O -, O -and O -ureter O -. O - -aps B-category -Fos O -- O -IR O -in O -the O -spinal O -cord O -was O -not O -changed O -in O -rats O -receiving O -chronic O -CYP B-Chemical -treatment O -( O -n O -= O -15 O -, O -75 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -, O -every O -3rd O -day O -for O -2 O -weeks O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -control O -animals O -and O -in O -animals O -treated O -acutely O -with O -CYP B-Chemical -, O -only O -small O -numbers O -of O -NOS O -- O -IR O -cells O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -cell O -profiles O -/ O -sections O -) O -were O -detected O -in O -the O -L6 O -- O -S1 O -dorsal O -root O -ganglia O -( O -DRG O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -CYP B-Chemical -administration O -significantly O -( O -P O -< O -or O -= O -. O -002 O -) O -increased O -bladder O -weight O -by O -60 O -% O -and O -increased O -( O -7 O -- O -to O -11 O -- O -fold O -) O -the O -numbers O -of O -NOS O -- O -immunoreactive O -( O -IR O -) O -afferent O -neurons O -in O -the O -L6 O -- O -S1 O -DRG O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -small O -increase O -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -- O -fold O -) O -also O -occurred O -in O -the O -L1 O -DRG O -, O -but O -no O -change O -was O -detected O -in O -the O -L2 O -and O -L5 O -DRG O -. O - -aps B-category -Bladder O -afferent O -cells O -in O -the O -L6 O -- O -S1 O -DRG O -labeled O -by O -Fluorogold O -( O -40 O -microliters O -) O -injected O -into O -the O -bladder O -wall O -did O -not O -exhibit O -NOS O -- O -IR O -in O -control O -animals O -; O -however O -, O -following O -chronic O -CYP B-Chemical -administration O -, O -a O -significant O -percentage O -of O -bladder O -afferent O -neurons O -were O -NOS O -- O -IR O -: O -L6 O -( O -19 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -6 O -% O -) O -and O -S1 O -( O -25 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -9 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -neuronal O -gene O -expression O -in O -visceral O -sensory O -pathways O -can O -be O -upregulated O -by O -chemical O -irritation O -of O -afferent O -receptors O -in O -the O -urinary O -tract O -and O -/ O -or O -that O -pathological O -changes O -in O -the O -urinary O -tract O -can O -initiate O -chemical O -signals O -that O -alter O -the O -chemical O -properties O -of O -visceral O -afferent O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -a O -new O -calcium B-Chemical -antagonist O -, O -CD B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -832 I-Chemical -, O -on O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -ischemia O -in O -dogs O -with O -partial O -coronary O -stenosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -CD B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -832 I-Chemical -on O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -ISO B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -myocardial O -ischemia O -were O -studied O -in O -dogs O -with O -partial O -coronary O -stenosis O -of O -the O -left O -circumflex O -coronary O -artery O -and O -findings O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -for O -nifedipine B-Chemical -or O -diltiazem B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -coronary O -artery O -stenosis O -, O -3 O -- O -min O -periods O -of O -intracoronary O -ISO B-Chemical -infusion O -( O -10 O -ng O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -) O -increased O -heart O -rate O -and O -maximal O -rate O -of O -left O -ventricular O -pressure O -rise O -, O -which O -resulted O -in O -a O -decrease O -in O -percentage O -segmental O -shortening O -and O -ST O -- O -segment O -elevation O -of O -the O -epicardial O -electrocardiogram O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -control O -ISO B-Chemical -infusion O -with O -stenosis O -was O -performed O -, O -equihypotensive O -doses O -of O -CD B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -832 I-Chemical -( O -3 O -and O -10 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -, O -n O -= O -7 O -) O -, O -nifedipine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -and O -3 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -, O -n O -= O -9 O -) O -or O -diltiazem B-Chemical -( O -10 O -and O -30 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -, O -n O -= O -7 O -) O -were O -infused O -5 O -min O -before O -and O -during O -the O -second O -and O -third O -ISO B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -CD B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -832 I-Chemical -and O -diltiazem B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -nifedipine B-Chemical -, O -significantly O -reduced O -the O -increase O -in O -heart O -rate O -induced O -by O -ISO B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -to O -nifedipine B-Chemical -, O -CD B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -832 I-Chemical -( O -10 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -) O -prevented O -the O -decrease O -in O -percentage O -segmental O -shortening O -from O -32 O -+ O -/ O -- O -12 O -% O -to O -115 O -+ O -/ O -- O -26 O -% O -of O -the O -control O -value O -( O -P O -< O -. O -01 O -) O -and O -ST O -- O -segment O -elevation O -from O -5 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -mV O -to O -1 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -3 O -mV O -( O -P O -< O -. O -01 O -) O -at O -3 O -min O -after O -ISO B-Chemical -infusion O -with O -stenosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Diltiazem B-Chemical -( O -30 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -) O -also O -prevented O -the O -decrease O -in O -percentage O -segmental O -shortening O -from O -34 O -+ O -/ O -- O -14 O -% O -to O -63 O -+ O -/ O -- O -18 O -% O -of O -the O -control O -value O -( O -P O -< O -. O -05 O -) O -and O -ST O -- O -segment O -elevation O -from O -4 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -mV O -to O -2 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -mV O -( O -P O -< O -. O -01 O -) O -at O -3 O -min O -after O -ISO B-Chemical -infusion O -with O -stenosis O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -show O -that O -CD B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -832 I-Chemical -improves O -myocardial O -ischemia O -during O -ISO B-Chemical -infusion O -with O -stenosis O -and O -suggest O -that O -the O -negative O -chronotropic O -property O -of O -CD B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -832 I-Chemical -plays O -a O -major O -role O -in O -the O -beneficial O -effects O -of O -CD B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -832 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -recombinant O -human O -insulin O -- O -like O -growth O -factor O -- O -I O -on O -chronic O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -nephropathy O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -recently O -demonstrated O -that O -recombinant O -hGH O -exacerbates O -renal O -functional O -and O -structural O -injury O -in O -chronic O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -( O -PAN B-Chemical -) O -nephropathy O -, O -an O -experimental O -model O -of O -glomerular O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -we O -examined O -whether O -recombinant O -human O -( O -rh O -) O -IGF O -- O -I O -is O -a O -safer O -alternative O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -growth O -failure O -in O -rats O -with O -chronic O -PAN B-Chemical -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glomerulopathy O -was O -induced O -by O -seven O -serial O -injections O -of O -PAN B-Chemical -over O -12 O -wk O -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -animals O -( O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -received O -rhIGF O -- O -I O -, O -400 O -micrograms O -/ O -d O -, O -whereas O -control O -rats O -( O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -received O -the O -vehicle O -. O - -aps B-category -rhIGF O -- O -I O -improved O -weight O -gain O -by O -14 O -% O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -without O -altering O -hematocrit O -or O -blood O -pressure O -in O -rats O -with O -renal O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -protein O -excretion O -was O -unaltered O -by O -rhIGF O -- O -I O -treatment O -in O -rats O -with O -chronic O -PAN B-Chemical -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -12 O -wk O -, O -the O -inulin O -clearance O -was O -higher O -in O -rhIGF O -- O -I O -- O -treated O -rats O -, O -0 O -. O -48 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -08 O -versus O -0 O -. O -24 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -06 O -mL O -/ O -min O -/ O -100 O -g O -of O -body O -weight O -in O -untreated O -PAN B-Chemical -nephropathy O -animals O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -improvement O -in O -GFR O -was O -not O -associated O -with O -enhanced O -glomerular O -hypertrophy O -or O -increased O -segmental O -glomerulosclerosis O -, O -tubulointerstitial O -injury O -, O -or O -renal O -cortical O -malondialdehyde B-Chemical -content O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rats O -with O -PAN B-Chemical -nephropathy O -, O -administration O -of O -rhIGF O -- O -I O -increased O -IGF O -- O -I O -and O -GH O -receptor O -gene O -expression O -, O -without O -altering O -the O -steady O -state O -level O -of O -IGF O -- O -I O -receptor O -mRNA O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -normal O -rats O -with O -intact O -kidneys O -, O -rhIGF O -- O -I O -administration O -( O -n O -= O -4 O -) O -did O -not O -alter O -weight O -gain O -, O -blood O -pressure O -, O -proteinuria O -, O -GFR O -, O -glomerular O -planar O -area O -, O -renal O -cortical O -malondialdehyde B-Chemical -content O -, O -or O -glomerular O -or O -tubulointerstitial O -damage O -, O -compared O -with O -untreated O -animals O -( O -n O -= O -4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -rhIGF O -- O -I O -treatment O -reduced O -the O -steady O -state O -renal O -IGF O -- O -I O -mRNA O -level O -but O -did O -not O -modify O -gene O -expression O -of O -the O -IGF O -- O -I O -or O -GH O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -: O -1 O -) O -administration O -of O -rhIGF O -- O -I O -improves O -growth O -and O -GFR O -in O -rats O -with O -chronic O -PAN B-Chemical -nephropathy O -and O -2 O -) O -unlike O -rhGH O -, O -long O -- O -term O -use O -of O -rhIGF O -- O -I O -does O -not O -worsen O -renal O -functional O -and O -structural O -injury O -in O -this O -disease O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Nefiracetam B-Chemical -( O -DM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9384 I-Chemical -) O -reverses O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -amnesia O -of O -a O -passive O -avoidance O -response O -: O -delayed O -emergence O -of O -the O -memory O -retention O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Nefiracetam B-Chemical -is O -a O -novel O -pyrrolidone B-Chemical -derivative O -which O -attenuates O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -learning O -and O -post O -- O -training O -consolidation O -deficits O -. O - -aps B-category -Given O -that O -apomorphine B-Chemical -inhibits O -passive O -avoidance O -retention O -when O -given O -during O -training O -or O -in O -a O -defined O -10 O -- O -12h O -post O -- O -training O -period O -, O -we O -evaluated O -the O -ability O -of O -nefiracetam B-Chemical -to O -attenuate O -amnesia O -induced O -by O -dopaminergic O -agonism O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -step O -- O -down O -passive O -avoidance O -paradigm O -was O -employed O -and O -nefiracetam B-Chemical -( O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -apomorphine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -were O -given O -alone O -or O -in O -combination O -during O -training O -and O -at O -the O -10 O -- O -12h O -post O -- O -training O -period O -of O -consolidation O -. O - -aps B-category -Co O -- O -administration O -of O -nefiracetam B-Chemical -and O -apomorphine B-Chemical -during O -training O -or O -10h O -thereafter O -produced O -no O -significant O -anti O -- O -amnesic O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -administration O -of O -nefiracetam B-Chemical -during O -training O -completely O -reversed O -the O -amnesia O -induced O -by O -apomorphine B-Chemical -at O -the O -10h O -post O -- O -training O -time O -and O -the O -converse O -was O -also O -true O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -were O -not O -mediated O -by O -a O -dopaminergic O -mechanism O -as O -nefiracetam B-Chemical -, O -at O -millimolar O -concentrations O -, O -failed O -to O -displace O -either O -[ O -3H O -] O -SCH B-Chemical -23390 I-Chemical -or O -[ O -3H O -] O -spiperone B-Chemical -binding O -from O -D1 O -or O -D2 O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -subtypes O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -nefiracetam B-Chemical -augments O -molecular O -processes O -in O -the O -early O -stages O -of O -events O -which O -ultimately O -lead O -to O -consolidation O -of O -memory O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenytoin B-Chemical -encephalopathy O -as O -probable O -idiosyncratic O -reaction O -: O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -( O -DPH B-Chemical -) O -encephalopathy O -with O -increasing O -seizures O -and O -EEG O -and O -mental O -changes O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -adequate O -oral O -dosage O -of O -DPH B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -daily O -) O -the O -plasma O -level O -was O -very O -low O -( O -2 O -. O -8 O -microgramg O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -encephalopathy O -was O -probably O -an O -idiosyncratic O -and O -not O -toxic O -or O -allergic O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -fact O -the O -concentration O -of O -free O -DPH B-Chemical -was O -normal O -, O -the O -patient O -presented O -a O -retarded O -morbilliform O -rash O -during O -DPH B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -the O -protidogram O -was O -normal O -, O -and O -an O -intradermic O -DPH B-Chemical -injection O -had O -no O -local O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -conclude O -that O -in O -a O -patient O -starting O -DPH B-Chemical -treatment O -an O -unexpected O -increase O -in O -seizures O -, O -with O -EEG O -and O -mental O -changes O -occurring O -simultaneously O -, O -should O -alert O -the O -physician O -to O -the O -possible O -need O -for O -eliminating O -DPH B-Chemical -from O -the O -therapeutic O -regimen O -, O -even O -if O -plasma O -concentrations O -are O -low O -. O - -aps B-category -Prevention O -and O -treatment O -of O -endometrial O -disease O -in O -climacteric O -women O -receiving O -oestrogen B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -treatment O -regimens O -are O -described O -in O -74 O -patients O -with O -endometrial O -disease O -among O -850 O -climacteric O -women O -receiving O -oestrogen B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Cystic O -hyperplasia O -was O -associated O -with O -unopposed O -oestrogen B-Chemical -therapy O -without O -progestagen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -courses O -of O -21 O -days O -of O -5 O -mg O -norethisterone B-Chemical -daily O -caused O -reversion O -to O -normal O -in O -all O -57 O -cases O -of O -cystic O -hyperplasia O -and O -6 O -of O -the O -8 O -cases O -of O -atypical O -hyperplasia O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -cases O -of O -endometrial O -carcinoma O -referred O -from O -elsewhere O -demonstrated O -the O -problems O -of O -inappropriate O -and O -unsupervised O -unopposed O -oestrogen B-Chemical -therapy O -and O -the O -difficulty O -in O -distinguishing O -severe O -hyperplasia O -from O -malignancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclical O -low O -- O -dose O -oestrogen B-Chemical -therapy O -with O -7 O -- O -- O -13 O -days O -of O -progestagen B-Chemical -does O -not O -seem O -to O -increase O -the O -risk O -of O -endometrial O -hyperplasia O -or O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -exercise O -on O -the O -severity O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -exercise O -on O -the O -severity O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -infarction O -was O -studied O -in O -male O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Ninety O -- O -three O -rats O -were O -randomly O -divided O -into O -three O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -exercise O -- O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -E O -- O -1 O -) O -and O -exercise O -control O -( O -EC O -) O -groups O -exercised O -daily O -for O -thirty O -days O -on O -a O -treadmill O -at O -1 O -mph O -, O -2 O -% O -grade O -while O -animals O -of O -the O -sedentary O -- O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -S O -- O -I O -) O -group O -remained O -sedentary O -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -animals O -were O -assigned O -to O -the O -sedentary O -control O -( O -SC O -) O -group O -which O -remained O -sedentary O -throughout O -the O -experimental O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -- O -eight O -hours O -after O -the O -final O -exercise O -period O -, O -S O -- O -I O -and O -E O -- O -I O -animals O -received O -a O -single O -subcutaneous O -injection O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -250 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -of O -the O -S O -- O -I O -group O -exhibited O -significantly O -( O -Pp O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -greater O -mortality O -from O -the O -effects O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -than O -animals O -of O -the O -E O -- O -I O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -CPK O -activity O -for O -E O -- O -I O -animals O -was O -significantly O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -greater O -than O -for O -animals O -in O -the O -S O -- O -I O -and O -EC O -groups O -twenty O -hours O -following O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -statistically O -significant O -differences O -were O -observed O -between O -the O -two O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -treated O -groups O -for O -severity O -of O -the O -induced O -lesions O -, O -changes O -in O -heart O -weight O -, O -or O -heart O -weight O -to O -body O -weight O -ratios O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicated O -that O -exercise O -reduced O -the O -mortality O -associated O -with O -the O -effects O -of O -large O -dosages O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -but O -had O -little O -on O -the O -severity O -of O -the O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -corticotropin B-Chemical -- O -releasing O -hormone O -and O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -- O -releasing O -hormone O -modulate O -the O -hypercapnic O -ventilatory O -response O -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -corticotropin B-Chemical -- O -releasing O -hormone O -( O -hCRH O -) O -and O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -- O -releasing O -hormone O -( O -TRH O -) O -are O -known O -to O -stimulate O -ventilation O -after O -i O -. O -v O -. O -administration O -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -, O -single O -- O -blind O -study O -we O -aimed O -to O -clarify O -if O -both O -peptides O -act O -by O -altering O -central O -chemosensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -subsequent O -CO2 B-Chemical -- O -rebreathing O -tests O -were O -performed O -in O -healthy O -young O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -first O -test O -0 O -. O -9 O -% O -NaCl B-Chemical -was O -given O -i O -. O -v O -. O -; O -during O -the O -second O -test O -200 O -micrograms O -of O -hCRH O -( O -n O -= O -12 O -) O -or O -400 O -micrograms O -of O -TRH O -( O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -was O -administered O -i O -. O -v O -. O -Nine O -subjects O -received O -0 O -. O -9 O -% O -NaCl B-Chemical -i O -. O -v O -. O -during O -both O -rebreathing O -manoeuvres O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -CO2 B-Chemical -- O -response O -curves O -for O -the O -two O -tests O -were O -compared O -within O -the O -same O -subject O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -hCRH O -group O -a O -marked O -parallel O -shift O -of O -the O -CO2 B-Chemical -- O -response O -curve O -to O -the O -left O -was O -observed O -after O -hCRH O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -same O -effect O -occurred O -following O -TRH O -but O -was O -less O -striking O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -hCRH O -and O -TRH O -caused O -a O -reduction O -in O -the O -CO2 B-Chemical -threshold O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -CO2 B-Chemical -- O -response O -curves O -in O -the O -control O -group O -were O -nearly O -identical O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -an O -additive O -effect O -of O -both O -releasing O -hormones O -on O -the O -hypercapnic O -ventilatory O -response O -in O -humans O -, O -presumably O -independent O -of O -central O -chemosensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Lamivudine B-Chemical -is O -effective O -in O -suppressing O -hepatitis O -B O -virus O -DNA O -in O -Chinese O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -carriers O -: O -a O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -Lamivudine B-Chemical -is O -a O -novel O -2 B-Chemical -' I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dideoxy I-Chemical -cytosine I-Chemical -analogue O -that O -has O -potent O -inhibitory O -effects O -on O -hepatitis O -B O -virus O -replication O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -performed O -a O -single O -- O -blind O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -study O -to O -assess O -its O -effectiveness O -and O -safety O -in O -Chinese O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBsAg B-Chemical -) O -carriers O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -- O -two O -Chinese O -HBsAg B-Chemical -carriers O -were O -randomized O -to O -receive O -placebo O -( O -6 O -patients O -) O -or O -lamivudine B-Chemical -orally O -in O -dosages O -of O -25 O -mg O -, O -100 O -mg O -, O -or O -300 O -mg O -daily O -( O -12 O -patients O -for O -each O -dosage O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -was O -given O -for O -4 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -were O -closely O -monitored O -clinically O -, O -biochemically O -, O -and O -serologically O -up O -to O -4 O -weeks O -after O -drug O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -36 O -patients O -receiving O -lamivudine B-Chemical -had O -a O -decrease O -in O -hepatitis O -B O -virus O -( O -HBV O -) O -DNA O -values O -of O -> O -90 O -% O -( O -P O -< O -. O -001 O -compared O -with O -placebo O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -25 O -mg O -of O -lamivudine B-Chemical -was O -slightly O -less O -effective O -than O -100 O -mg O -( O -P O -= O -. O -011 O -) O -and O -300 O -mg O -( O -P O -= O -. O -005 O -) O -, O -it O -still O -induced O -94 O -% O -suppression O -of O -HBV O -DNA O -after O -the O -fourth O -week O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -HBV O -DNA O -values O -returned O -to O -pretreatment O -levels O -within O -4 O -weeks O -of O -cessation O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -change O -in O -the O -hepatitis O -B O -e O -antigen O -status O -or O -in O -aminotransferase O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -serious O -adverse O -events O -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -a O -4 O -- O -week O -course O -of O -lamivudine B-Chemical -was O -safe O -and O -effective O -in O -suppression O -of O -HBV O -DNA O -in O -Chinese O -HBsAg B-Chemical -carriers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -suppression O -was O -> O -90 O -% O -but O -reversible O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -with O -long O -- O -term O -lamivudine B-Chemical -administration O -should O -be O -performed O -to O -determine O -if O -prolonged O -suppression O -of O -HBV O -DNA O -can O -be O -achieved O -. O - -aps B-category -Population O -- O -based O -study O -of O -risk O -of O -venous O -thromboembolism O -associated O -with O -various O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Four O -studies O -published O -since O -December O -, O -1995 O -, O -reported O -that O -the O -incidence O -of O -venous O -thromboembolism O -( O -VTE O -) O -was O -higher O -in O -women O -who O -used O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -( O -OCs B-Chemical -) O -containing O -the O -third O -- O -generation O -progestagens B-Chemical -gestodene B-Chemical -or O -desogestrel B-Chemical -than O -in O -users O -of O -OCs B-Chemical -containing O -second O -- O -generation O -progestagens B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -confounding O -and O -bias O -in O -the O -design O -of O -these O -studies O -may O -have O -affected O -the O -findings O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -our O -study O -was O -to O -re O -- O -examine O -the O -association O -between O -risk O -of O -VTE O -and O -OC B-Chemical -use O -with O -a O -different O -study O -design O -and O -analysis O -to O -avoid O -some O -of O -the O -bias O -and O -confounding O -of O -the O -earlier O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -used O -computer O -records O -of O -patients O -from O -143 O -general O -practices O -in O -the O -UK O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -was O -based O -on O -the O -medical O -records O -of O -about O -540 O -, O -000 O -women O -born O -between O -1941 O -and O -1981 O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -women O -who O -had O -a O -recorded O -diagnosis O -of O -deep O -- O -vein O -thrombosis O -, O -venous O -thrombosis O -not O -otherwise O -specified O -, O -or O -pulmonary O -embolus O -during O -the O -study O -period O -, O -and O -who O -had O -been O -treated O -with O -an O -anticoagulant O -were O -identified O -as O -potential O -cases O -of O -VTE O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -did O -a O -cohort O -analysis O -to O -estimate O -and O -compare O -incidence O -of O -VTE O -in O -users O -of O -the O -main O -OC B-Chemical -preparations O -, O -and O -a O -nested O -case O -- O -control O -study O -to O -calculate O -the O -odds O -ratios O -of O -VTE O -associated O -with O -use O -of O -different O -types O -of O -OC B-Chemical -, O -after O -adjustment O -for O -potential O -confounding O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -case O -- O -control O -study O -, O -we O -matched O -cases O -to O -controls O -by O -exact O -year O -of O -birth O -, O -practice O -, O -and O -current O -use O -of O -OCs B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -used O -a O -multiple O -logistic O -regression O -model O -that O -included O -body O -- O -mass O -index O -, O -number O -of O -cycles O -, O -change O -in O -type O -of O -OC B-Chemical -prescribed O -within O -3 O -months O -of O -the O -event O -, O -previous O -pregnancy O -, O -and O -concurrent O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -FINDINGS O -: O -85 O -women O -met O -the O -inclusion O -criteria O -for O -VTE O -, O -two O -of O -whom O -were O -users O -of O -progestagen B-Chemical -- O -only O -OCs B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -83 O -cases O -of O -VTE O -associated O -with O -use O -of O -combined O -OCs B-Chemical -, O -43 O -were O -recorded O -as O -deep O -- O -vein O -thrombosis O -, O -35 O -as O -pulmonary O -thrombosis O -, O -and O -five O -as O -venous O -thrombosis O -not O -otherwise O -specified O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -crude O -rate O -of O -VTE O -per O -10 O -, O -000 O -woman O -- O -years O -was O -4 O -. O -10 O -in O -current O -users O -of O -any O -OC B-Chemical -, O -3 O -. O -10 O -in O -users O -of O -second O -- O -generation O -OCs B-Chemical -, O -and O -4 O -. O -96 O -in O -users O -of O -third O -- O -generation O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -adjustment O -for O -age O -, O -the O -rate O -ratio O -of O -VTE O -in O -users O -of O -third O -- O -generation O -relative O -to O -second O -- O -generation O -OCs B-Chemical -was O -1 O -. O -68 O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -1 O -. O -04 O -- O -2 O -. O -75 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Logistic O -regression O -showed O -no O -significant O -difference O -in O -the O -risk O -of O -VTE O -between O -users O -of O -third O -- O -generation O -and O -second O -- O -generation O -OCs B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -users O -of O -third O -- O -generation O -progestagens B-Chemical -, O -the O -risk O -of O -VTE O -was O -higher O -in O -users O -of O -desogestrel B-Chemical -with O -20 O -g O -ethinyloestradiol B-Chemical -than O -in O -users O -of O -gestodene B-Chemical -or O -desogestrel B-Chemical -with O -30 O -g O -ethinyloestradiol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -all O -second O -- O -generation O -OCs B-Chemical -as O -the O -reference O -, O -the O -odds O -ratios O -for O -VTE O -were O -3 O -. O -49 O -( O -1 O -. O -21 O -- O -10 O -. O -12 O -) O -for O -desogestrel B-Chemical -plus O -20 O -g O -ethinyloestradiol B-Chemical -and O -1 O -. O -18 O -( O -0 O -. O -66 O -- O -2 O -. O -17 O -) O -for O -the O -other O -third O -- O -generation O -progestagens B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -INTERPRETATION O -: O -The O -previously O -reported O -increase O -in O -odds O -ratio O -associated O -with O -third O -- O -generation O -OCs B-Chemical -when O -compared O -with O -second O -- O -generation O -products O -is O -likely O -to O -have O -been O -the O -result O -of O -residual O -confounding O -by O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increased O -odds O -ratio O -associated O -with O -products O -containing O -20 O -micrograms O -ethinyloestradiol B-Chemical -and O -desogestrel B-Chemical -compared O -with O -the O -30 O -micrograms O -product O -is O -biologically O -implausible O -, O -and O -is O -likely O -to O -be O -the O -result O -of O -preferential O -prescribing O -and O -, O -thus O -, O -confounding O -. O - -aps B-category -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -augments O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -electrographic O -seizure O -but O -protects O -against O -brain O -damage O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -examined O -the O -anticonvulsant O -effects O -of O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -on O -the O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizure O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraperitoneal O -injection O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -( O -400 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -induced O -tonic O -and O -clonic O -seizure O -. O - -aps B-category -Scopolamine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -prevented O -development O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -behavioral O -seizure O -but O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -electrical O -seizure O -measured O -with O -hippocampal O -EEG O -appeared O -in O -the O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Scopolamine B-Chemical -and O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -blocked O -the O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -electrographic O -seizure O -, O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -treatment O -augmented O -the O -electrographic O -seizure O -induced O -by O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -damage O -was O -assessed O -by O -examining O -the O -hippocampus O -microscopically O -. O - -aps B-category -Pilocarpine B-Chemical -produced O -neuronal O -death O -in O -the O -hippocampus O -, O -which O -showed O -pyknotic O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -Pentobarbital B-Chemical -, O -scopolamine B-Chemical -and O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -protected O -the O -brain O -damage O -by O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -, O -though O -in O -the O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -- O -treated O -group O -, O -the O -pyramidal O -cells O -of O -hippocampus O -appeared O -darker O -than O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -treatments O -, O -granule O -cells O -of O -the O -dentate O -gyrus O -were O -not O -affected O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -status O -epilepticus O -induced O -by O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -is O -initiated O -by O -cholinergic O -overstimulation O -and O -propagated O -by O -glutamatergic O -transmission O -, O -the O -elevation O -of O -which O -may O -cause O -brain O -damage O -through O -an O -excitatory O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptor O -- O -mediated O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Paclitaxel B-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -, O -and O -folinic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -metastatic O -breast O -cancer O -: O -BRE O -- O -26 O -, O -a O -phase O -II O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Fluorouracil I-Chemical -plus O -folinic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -( O -Taxol B-Chemical -; O -Bristol O -- O -Myers O -Squibb O -Company O -, O -Princeton O -, O -NJ O -) O -are O -effective O -salvage O -therapies O -for O -metastatic O -breast O -cancer O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Paclitaxel B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -have O -additive O -cytotoxicity O -in O -MCF O -- O -7 O -cell O -lines O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -performed O -a O -phase O -II O -trial O -of O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -175 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -over O -3 O -hours O -on O -day O -I O -followed O -by O -folinic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -300 O -mg O -over O -1 O -hour O -before O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -350 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -on O -days O -1 O -to O -3 O -every O -28 O -days O -( O -TFL O -) O -in O -women O -with O -metastatic O -breast O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -is O -reported O -on O -37 O -patients O -with O -a O -minimum O -of O -6 O -months O -follow O -- O -up O -who O -received O -a O -total O -of O -192 O -cycles O -of O -TFL O -: O -nine O -cycles O -( O -5 O -% O -) O -were O -associated O -with O -grade O -3 O -/ O -4 O -neutropenia O -requiring O -hospitalization O -; O -seven O -( O -4 O -% O -) O -cycles O -in O -two O -patients O -required O -granulocyte B-Chemical -colony I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulating I-Chemical -factor I-Chemical -due O -to O -neutropenia O -; O -no O -patient O -required O -platelet O -transfusions O -. O - -aps B-category -Grade O -3 O -/ O -4 O -nonhematologic O -toxicities O -were O -uncommon O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -34 O -patients O -evaluable O -for O -response O -, O -there O -were O -three O -complete O -responses O -( O -9 O -% O -) O -and O -18 O -partial O -responses O -( O -53 O -% O -) O -for O -an O -overall O -response O -rate O -of O -62 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -19 O -evaluable O -patients O -with O -prior O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -exposure O -, O -11 O -( O -58 O -% O -) O -responded O -compared O -with O -nine O -of O -15 O -( O -60 O -% O -) O -without O -prior O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -measured O -at O -the O -completion O -of O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -infusion O -and O -at O -24 O -hours O -in O -19 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -TFL O -is O -an O -active O -, O -well O -- O -tolerated O -regimen O -in O -metastatic O -breast O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Efficacy O -and O -proarrhythmia O -with O -the O -use O -of O -d B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sotalol I-Chemical -for O -sustained O -ventricular O -tachyarrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -prospectively O -evaluated O -the O -clinical O -efficacy O -, O -the O -incidence O -of O -torsades O -de O -pointes O -, O -and O -the O -presumable O -risk O -factors O -for O -torsades O -de O -pointes O -in O -patients O -treated O -with O -d B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sotalol I-Chemical -for O -sustained O -ventricular O -tachyarrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -Eighty O -- O -one O -consecutive O -patients O -( O -54 O -with O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -, O -and O -20 O -with O -dilated O -cardiomyopathy O -) O -with O -inducible O -sustained O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -or O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -received O -oral O -d B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sotalol I-Chemical -to O -prevent O -induction O -of O -the O -ventricular O -tachyarrhythmia O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -oral O -loading O -with O -d B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sotalol I-Chemical -, O -continuous O -electrocardiographic O -( O -ECG O -) O -monitoring O -was O -performed O -. O - -aps B-category -Those O -patients O -in O -whom O -d B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sotalol I-Chemical -prevented O -induction O -of O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -or O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -were O -discharged O -with O -the O -drug O -and O -followed O -up O -on O -an O -outpatient O -basis O -for O -21 O -+ O -/ O -- O -18 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -the O -ventricular O -tachyarrhythmia O -was O -prevented O -by O -oral O -d B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sotalol I-Chemical -in O -35 O -( O -43 O -% O -) O -patients O -; O -the O -ventricular O -tachyarrhythmia O -remained O -inducible O -in O -40 O -( O -49 O -% O -) O -patients O -; O -and O -two O -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -patients O -did O -not O -tolerate O -even O -40 O -mg O -of O -d B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sotalol I-Chemical -once O -daily O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -( O -5 O -% O -) O -patients O -had O -from O -torsades O -de O -pointes O -during O -the O -initial O -oral O -treatment O -with O -d B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sotalol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -ECG O -[ O -sinus O -- O -cycle O -length O -( O -SCL O -) O -, O -QT O -or O -QTc O -interval O -, O -or O -U O -wave O -] O -nor O -clinical O -parameters O -identified O -patients O -at O -risk O -for O -torsades O -de O -pointes O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -oral O -dose O -of O -d B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sotalol I-Chemical -was O -significantly O -lower O -in O -patients O -with O -torsades O -de O -pointes O -( O -200 O -+ O -/ O -- O -46 O -vs O -. O -328 O -+ O -/ O -- O -53 O -mg O -/ O -day O -; O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -0017 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Risk O -factors O -associated O -with O -the O -development O -of O -torsades O -de O -pointes O -were O -the O -appearance O -of O -an O -U O -wave O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -049 O -) O -, O -female O -gender O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -015 O -) O -, O -and O -significant O -dose O -- O -corrected O -changes O -of O -SCL O -, O -QT O -interval O -, O -and O -QTc O -interval O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -follow O -- O -up O -, O -seven O -( O -20 O -% O -) O -patients O -had O -a O -nonfatal O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -recurrence O -, O -and O -two O -( O -6 O -% O -) O -patients O -died O -suddenly O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -female O -patient O -with O -stable O -cardiac O -disease O -had O -recurrent O -torsades O -de O -pointes O -after O -2 O -years O -of O -successful O -treatment O -with O -d B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sotalol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Torsades O -de O -pointes O -occurred O -early O -during O -treatment O -even O -with O -low O -doses O -of O -oral O -d B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sotalol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pronounced O -changes O -in O -the O -surface O -ECG O -( O -cycle O -length O -, O -QT O -, O -and O -QTc O -) O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -dose O -of O -oral O -d B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sotalol I-Chemical -might O -identify O -a O -subgroup O -of O -patients O -with O -an O -increased O -risk O -for O -torsades O -de O -pointes O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -ECG O -parameters O -before O -the O -application O -of O -d B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sotalol I-Chemical -did O -not O -identify O -patients O -at O -increased O -risk O -for O -torsades O -de O -pointes O -. O - -aps B-category -Recurrence O -rates O -of O -ventricular O -tachyarrhythmias O -are O -high O -despite O -complete O -suppression O -of O -the O -arrhythmia O -during O -programmed O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -programmed O -electrical O -stimulation O -in O -the O -case O -of O -d B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sotalol I-Chemical -seems O -to O -be O -of O -limited O -prognostic O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -hyperprolactinemia O -and O -changes O -in O -dopamine B-Chemical -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tuberoinfundibular O -dopaminergic O -( O -TIDA O -) O -system O -is O -known O -to O -inhibit O -prolactin O -( O -PRL O -) O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -young O -animals O -this O -system O -responds O -to O -acute O -elevations O -in O -serum O -PRL O -by O -increasing O -its O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -this O -responsiveness O -is O -lost O -in O -aging O -rats O -with O -chronically O -high O -serum O -PRL O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -induce O -hyperprolactinemia O -in O -rats O -for O -extended O -periods O -of O -time O -and O -examine O -its O -effects O -on O -dopaminergic O -systems O -in O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyperprolactinemia O -was O -induced O -by O -treatment O -with O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -a O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -and O -Palkovits O -' O -microdissection O -technique O -in O -combination O -with O -high O -- O -performance O -liquid O -chromatography O -was O -used O -to O -measure O -neurotransmitter O -concentrations O -in O -several O -areas O -of O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -6 O -months O -of O -hyperprolactinemia O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA B-Chemical -) O -concentrations O -in O -the O -median O -eminence O -( O -ME O -) O -increased O -by O -84 O -% O -over O -the O -control O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Nine O -months O -of O -hyperprolactinemia O -produced O -a O -50 O -% O -increase O -in O -DA B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -ME O -over O -the O -control O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -DA B-Chemical -response O -was O -lost O -if O -a O -9 O -- O -month O -long O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperprolactinemia O -was O -followed O -by O -a O -1 O -1 O -/ O -2 O -month O -- O -long O -extremely O -high O -increase O -in O -serum O -PRL O -levels O -produced O -by O -implantation O -of O -MMQ O -cells O -under O -the O -kidney O -capsule O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -change O -in O -the O -levels O -of O -DA B-Chemical -, O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE B-Chemical -) O -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -, O -or O -their O -metabolites O -in O -the O -arcuate O -nucleus O -( O -AN O -) O -, O -medial O -preoptic O -area O -( O -MPA O -) O -, O -caudate O -putamen O -( O -CP O -) O -, O -substantia O -nigra O -( O -SN O -) O -, O -and O -zona O -incerta O -( O -ZI O -) O -, O -except O -for O -a O -decrease O -in O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -) O -in O -the O -AN O -after O -6 O -- O -months O -of O -hyperprolactinemia O -and O -an O -increase O -in O -DA B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -AN O -after O -9 O -- O -months O -of O -hyperprolactinemia O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -demonstrate O -that O -hyperprolactinemia O -specifically O -affects O -TIDA O -neurons O -and O -these O -effects O -vary O -, O -depending O -on O -the O -duration O -and O -intensity O -of O -hyperprolactinemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -age O -- O -related O -decrease O -in O -hypothalamic O -dopamine B-Chemical -function O -may O -be O -associated O -with O -increases O -in O -PRL O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -- O -related O -disseminated O -necrotizing O -leukoencephalopathy O -with O -characteristic O -contrast O -enhancement O -of O -the O -white O -matter O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -report O -describes O -unique O -contrast O -enhancement O -of O -the O -white O -matter O -on O -T1 O -- O -weighted O -magnetic O -resonance O -images O -of O -two O -patients O -with O -disseminated O -necrotizing O -leukoencephalopathy O -, O -which O -developed O -from O -acute O -lymphoblastic O -leukemia O -treated O -with O -high O -- O -dose O -methotrexate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -patients O -, O -the O -enhancement O -was O -more O -pronounced O -near O -the O -base O -of O -the O -brain O -than O -at O -the O -vertex O -. O - -aps B-category -Necropsy O -of O -the O -first O -case O -revealed O -loss O -of O -myelination O -and O -necrosis O -of O -the O -white O -matter O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -mechanisms O -causing O -such O -a O -leukoencephalopathy O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Thrombotic O -complications O -in O -acute O -promyelocytic O -leukemia O -during O -all B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trans I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -retinoic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -acute O -renal O -failure O -, O -due O -to O -occlusion O -of O -renal O -vessels O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -acute O -promyelocytic O -leukemia O -( O -APL O -) O -treated O -with O -all B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trans I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -retinoic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -ATRA B-Chemical -) O -and O -tranexamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -has O -been O -described O -recently O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -acute O -renal O -failure O -in O -an O -APL O -patient O -treated O -with O -ATRA B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -further O -supports O -the O -concern O -about O -thromboembolic O -complications O -associated O -with O -ATRA B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -APL O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -, O -a O -43 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -, O -presented O -all O -the O -signs O -and O -symptoms O -of O -APL O -and O -was O -included O -in O -a O -treatment O -protocol O -with O -ATRA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -10 O -days O -of O -treatment O -, O -he O -developed O -acute O -renal O -failure O -that O -was O -completely O -reversible O -after O -complete O -remission O -of O -APL O -was O -achieved O -and O -therapy O -discontinued O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -ATRA B-Chemical -is O -a O -valid O -therapeutic O -choice O -for O -patients O -with O -APL O -, O -although O -the O -procoagulant O -tendency O -is O -not O -completely O -corrected O -. O - -aps B-category -Thrombotic O -events O -, O -however O -, O -could O -be O -avoided O -by O -using O -low O -- O -dose O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pupillary O -changes O -associated O -with O -the O -development O -of O -stimulant O -- O -induced O -mania O -: O -a O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -30 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -dependent O -man O -who O -was O -a O -subject O -in O -a O -study O -evaluating O -the O -anticraving O -efficacy O -of O -the O -stimulant O -medication O -diethylpropion B-Chemical -( O -DEP B-Chemical -) O -became O -manic O -during O -his O -second O -week O -on O -the O -study O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Pupillometric O -changes O -while O -on O -DEP B-Chemical -, O -especially O -changes O -in O -the O -total O -power O -of O -pupillary O -oscillation O -, O -were O -dramatically O -different O -than O -those O -observed O -in O -the O -eight O -other O -study O -subjects O -who O -did O -not O -become O -manic O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -large O -changes O -in O -total O -power O -of O -pupillary O -oscillation O -occurred O -a O -few O -days O -before O -the O -patient O -became O -fully O -manic O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -medication O -- O -associated O -changes O -in O -the O -total O -power O -of O -pupillary O -oscillation O -might O -be O -of O -utility O -in O -identifying O -persons O -at O -risk O -for O -manic O -- O -like O -adverse O -effects O -during O -the O -medical O -use O -of O -psychomotor O -stimulants O -or O -sympathomimetic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Fetal O -risks O -due O -to O -warfarin B-Chemical -therapy O -during O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -mothers O -with O -heart O -valve O -prosthesis O -were O -treated O -with O -warfarin B-Chemical -during O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -first O -case O -a O -caesarean O -section O -was O -done O -one O -week O -after O -replacement O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -with O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -baby O -died O -of O -cerebral O -and O -pulmonary O -hemorrhage O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -mother O -had O -a O -male O -infant O -by O -caesarean O -section O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -baby O -showed O -warfarin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -embryopathy O -with O -nasal O -hypoplasia O -and O -stippled O -epiphyses O -( O -chondrodysplasia O -punctata O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Nasal O -hypoplasia O -with O -or O -without O -stippled O -epiphyses O -has O -now O -been O -reported O -in O -11 O -infants O -born O -to O -mothers O -treated O -with O -warfarin B-Chemical -during O -the O -first O -trimester O -, O -and O -a O -causal O -association O -is O -probable O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -view O -of O -the O -risks O -to O -both O -mother O -and O -fetus O -in O -women O -with O -prosthetic O -cardiac O -valves O -it O -is O -recommended O -that O -therapeutic O -abortion O -be O -advised O -as O -the O -first O -alternative O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -negative O -mucosal O -potential O -: O -separating O -central O -and O -peripheral O -effects O -of O -NSAIDs O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -We O -wanted O -to O -test O -whether O -assessment O -of O -both O -a O -central O -pain O -- O -related O -signal O -( O -chemo O -- O -somatosensory O -evoked O -potential O -, O -CSSEP O -) O -and O -a O -concomitantly O -recorded O -peripheral O -signal O -( O -negative O -mucosal O -potential O -, O -NMP O -) O -allows O -for O -separation O -of O -central O -and O -peripheral O -effects O -of O -NSAIDs O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -this O -purpose O -, O -experimental O -conditions O -were O -created O -in O -which O -NSAIDs O -had O -previously O -been O -observed O -to O -produce O -effects O -on O -phasic O -and O -tonic O -pain O -by O -either O -central O -or O -peripheral O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -According O -to O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -randomised O -, O -controlled O -, O -threefold O -cross O -- O -over O -design O -, O -18 O -healthy O -subjects O -( O -11 O -males O -, O -7 O -females O -; O -mean O -age O -26 O -years O -) O -received O -either O -placebo O -, O -400 O -mg O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -, O -or O -800 O -mg O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Phasic O -pain O -was O -applied O -by O -means O -of O -short O -pulses O -of O -CO2 B-Chemical -to O -the O -nasal O -mucosa O -( O -stimulus O -duration O -500 O -ms O -, O -interval O -approximately O -60 O -s O -) O -, O -and O -tonic O -pain O -was O -induced O -in O -the O -nasal O -cavity O -by O -means O -of O -dry O -air O -of O -controlled O -temperature O -, O -humidity O -and O -flow O -rate O -( O -22 O -degrees O -C O -, O -0 O -% O -relative O -humidity O -, O -145 O -ml O -. O -s O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -CSSEPs O -as O -central O -and O -NMPs O -as O -peripheral O -correlates O -of O -pain O -were O -obtained O -in O -response O -to O -the O -CO2 B-Chemical -stimuli O -. O - -aps B-category -Additionally O -, O -the O -subjects O -rated O -the O -intensity O -of O -both O -phasic O -and O -tonic O -pain O -by O -means O -of O -visual O -analogue O -scales O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -As O -described O -earlier O -, O -administration O -of O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -was O -followed O -by O -a O -decrease O -in O -tonic O -pain O -but O -- O -relative O -to O -placebo O -- O -an O -increase O -in O -correlates O -of O -phasic O -pain O -, O -indicating O -a O -specific O -effect O -of O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -on O -the O -interaction O -between O -the O -pain O -stimuli O -under O -these O -special O -experimental O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -the O -similar O -behaviour O -of O -CSSEP O -and O -NMP O -, O -it O -was O -concluded O -that O -the O -pharmacological O -process O -underlying O -this O -phenomenon O -was O -localised O -in O -the O -periphery O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -means O -of O -the O -simultaneous O -recording O -of O -interrelated O -peripheral O -and O -central O -electrophysiologic O -correlates O -of O -nociception O -, O -it O -was O -possible O -to O -separate O -central O -and O -peripheral O -effects O -of O -an O -NSAID O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -advantage O -of O -this O -pain O -model O -is O -the O -possibility O -of O -obtaining O -peripheral O -pain O -- O -related O -activity O -directly O -using O -a O -non O -- O -invasive O -technique O -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Glucarates I-Chemical -on O -basic O -antibiotic O -- O -induced O -renal O -damage O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Dehydrated O -rats O -regularly O -develop O -acute O -renal O -failure O -following O -single O -injection O -of O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotics O -combined O -with O -dextran O -or O -of O -antibiotics O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -administration O -of O -2 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -di I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -O I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucaro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dilactone I-Chemical -protected O -rats O -against O -renal O -failure O -induced O -by O -kanamycin B-Chemical -- O -dextran O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protective O -effect O -was O -prevalent O -among O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucarates I-Chemical -, O -and O -also O -to O -other O -saccharic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -hexauronic B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -hexaaldonic B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -although O -to O -a O -lesser O -degree O -, O -but O -not O -to O -a O -hexaaldose O -, O -sugar B-Chemical -alcohols I-Chemical -, O -substances O -inthe O -TCA B-Chemical -cycle O -and O -other O -acidic O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Glucarates I-Chemical -were O -effective O -against O -renal O -damage O -induced O -by O -peptide O -antibiotics O -as O -well O -as O -various O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibitocis O -. O - -aps B-category -Dose O -- O -responses O -were O -observed O -in O -the O -protective O -effect O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Glucarates I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -a O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucarate I-Chemical -of O -a O -fixed O -size O -of O -dose O -, O -approximately O -the O -same O -degree O -of O -protection O -was O -obtained O -against O -renal O -damages O -induced O -by O -different O -basic O -antibiotics O -despite O -large O -disparities O -in O -administration O -doses O -of O -different O -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Glucarates I-Chemical -had O -the O -ability O -to O -prevent O -renal O -damage O -but O -not O -to O -cure O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -excreted O -acidic O -urine O -when O -they O -were O -spared O -from O -renal O -lesions O -by O -monosaccharides B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduction O -effect O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucarates I-Chemical -against O -nephrotoxicity O -of O -basic O -antibiotics O -was O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -severe O -depression O -following O -peri O -- O -operative O -ondansetron B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -41 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -a O -strong O -history O -of O -postoperative O -nausea O -and O -vomiting O -presented O -for O -abdominal O -hysterectomy O -3 O -months O -after O -a O -previous O -anaesthetic O -where O -ondansetron B-Chemical -prophylaxis O -had O -been O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -had O -developed O -a O -severe O -acute O -major O -depression O -disorder O -almost O -immediately O -thereafter O -, O -possibly O -related O -to O -the O -use O -of O -a O -serotonin B-Chemical -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -Nine O -years O -before O -she O -had O -experienced O -a O -self O -- O -limited O -puerperal O -depressive O -episode O -. O - -aps B-category -Anaesthesia O -with O -a O -propofol B-Chemical -infusion O -and O -avoidance O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -antagonists O -provided O -a O -nausea O -- O -free O -postoperative O -course O -without O -exacerbation O -of O -the O -depression O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypertensive O -response O -during O -dobutamine B-Chemical -stress O -echocardiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -3 O -, O -129 O -dobutamine B-Chemical -stress O -echocardiographic O -studies O -, O -a O -hypertensive O -response O -, O -defined O -as O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -( O -BP O -) O -> O -or O -= O -220 O -mm O -Hg O -and O -/ O -or O -diastolic O -BP O -> O -or O -= O -110 O -mm O -Hg O -, O -occurred O -in O -30 O -patients O -( O -1 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -this O -response O -more O -often O -had O -a O -history O -of O -hypertension O -and O -had O -higher O -resting O -systolic O -and O -diastolic O -BP O -before O -dobutamine B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Continuously O -nebulized O -albuterol B-Chemical -in O -severe O -exacerbations O -of O -asthma O -in O -adults O -: O -a O -case O -- O -controlled O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -retrospective O -, O -case O -- O -controlled O -analysis O -comparing O -patients O -admitted O -to O -a O -medical O -intensive O -care O -unit O -with O -severe O -exacerbations O -of O -asthma O -who O -received O -continuously O -nebulized O -albuterol B-Chemical -( O -CNA O -) O -versus O -intermittent O -albuterol B-Chemical -( O -INA O -) O -treatments O -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -matched O -pairs O -of O -patients O -with O -asthma O -are O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -CNA O -was O -administered O -for O -a O -mean O -of O -11 O -+ O -/ O -- O -10 O -hr O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -cardiac O -dysrhythmias O -was O -similar O -between O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Symptomatic O -hypokalemia O -did O -not O -occur O -. O - -aps B-category -CNA O -patients O -had O -higher O -heart O -rates O -during O -treatment O -, O -which O -may O -reflect O -severity O -of O -illness O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -intubation O -was O -similar O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -CNA O -and O -INA O -demonstrated O -similar O -profiles O -with O -regard O -to O -safety O -, O -morbidity O -, O -and O -mortality O -. O - -aps B-category -Paraplegia O -following O -intrathecal O -methotrexate B-Chemical -: O -report O -of O -a O -case O -and O -review O -of O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -patient O -who O -developed O -paraplegia O -following O -the O -intrathecal O -instillation O -of O -methotrexate B-Chemical -is O -discribed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ten O -previously O -reported O -cases O -of O -this O -unusual O -complication O -are O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -factors O -appear O -to O -predispose O -to O -the O -development O -of O -this O -complication O -: O -abnormal O -cerebrospinal O -dynamics O -related O -to O -the O -presence O -of O -central O -nervous O -system O -leukemia O -, O -and O -epidural O -cerebrospinal O -leakage O -; O -elevated O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -methothexate B-Chemical -concentration O -related O -to O -abnormal O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -dynamics O -and O -to O -inappropriately O -high O -methotrexate B-Chemical -doses O -based O -on O -body O -surface O -area O -calculations O -in O -older O -children O -and O -adults O -; O -the O -presence O -of O -neurotoxic O -preservatives O -in O -commercially O -available O -methotrexate B-Chemical -preparations O -and O -diluents O -; O -and O -the O -use O -of O -methotrexate B-Chemical -diluents O -of O -unphysiologic O -pH O -, O -ionic O -content O -and O -osmolarity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -methotrexate B-Chemical -contaminants O -, O -local O -folate O -deficiency O -, O -and O -cranial O -irradiation O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -intrathecal O -methotrexate B-Chemical -toxicity O -is O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -neurotoxicity O -may O -be O -reduced O -by O -employing O -lower O -doses O -of O -methotrexate B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -central O -nervous O -system O -leukemia O -, O -in O -older O -children O -and O -adults O -, O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -epidural O -leakage O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -preservative O -- O -free O -methotrexate B-Chemical -in O -Elliott O -' O -s O -B O -Solution O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -not O -more O -than O -1 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -should O -be O -used O -for O -intrathecal O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Periodic O -monitoring O -of O -cerebruspinal O -fluid O -methotrexate B-Chemical -levels O -may O -be O -predictive O -of O -the O -development O -of O -serious O -neurotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyperosmolar O -nonketotic O -coma O -precipitated O -by O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrogenic O -diabetes O -insipidus O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -45 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -, O -with O -a O -10 O -- O -year O -history O -of O -manic O -depression O -treated O -with O -lithium B-Chemical -, O -was O -admitted O -with O -hyperosmolar O -, O -nonketotic O -coma O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -gave O -a O -five O -- O -year O -history O -of O -polyuria O -and O -polydipsia O -, O -during O -which O -time O -urinalysis O -had O -been O -negative O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -recovery O -from O -hyperglycaemia O -, O -he O -remained O -polyuric O -despite O -normal O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -concentrations O -; O -water O -deprivation O -testing O -indicated O -nephrogenic O -diabetes O -insipidus O -, O -likely O -to O -be O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -hypothesize O -that O -when O -this O -man O -developed O -type O -2 O -diabetes O -, O -chronic O -polyuria O -due O -to O -nephrogenic O -diabetes O -insipidus O -was O -sufficient O -to O -precipitate O -hyperosmolar O -dehydration O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -the O -intracoronary O -infusion O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -on O -left O -ventricular O -systolic O -and O -diastolic O -function O -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -In O -dogs O -, O -a O -large O -amount O -of O -intravenous O -cocaine B-Chemical -causes O -a O -profound O -deterioration O -of O -left O -ventricular O -( O -LV O -) O -systolic O -function O -and O -an O -increase O -in O -LV O -end O -- O -diastolic O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -done O -to O -assess O -the O -influence O -of O -a O -high O -intracoronary O -cocaine B-Chemical -concentration O -on O -LV O -systolic O -and O -diastolic O -function O -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -AND O -RESULTS O -: O -In O -20 O -patients O -( O -14 O -men O -and O -6 O -women O -aged O -39 O -to O -72 O -years O -) O -referred O -for O -cardiac O -catheterization O -for O -the O -evaluation O -of O -chest O -pain O -, O -we O -measured O -heart O -rate O -, O -systemic O -arterial O -pressure O -, O -LV O -pressure O -and O -its O -first O -derivative O -( O -dP O -/ O -dt O -) O -, O -and O -LV O -volumes O -and O -ejection O -fraction O -before O -and O -during O -the O -final O -2 O -to O -3 O -minutes O -of O -a O -15 O -- O -minute O -intracoronary O -infusion O -of O -saline O -( O -n O -= O -10 O -, O -control O -subjects O -) O -or O -cocaine B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -1 O -mg O -/ O -min O -( O -n O -= O -10 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -variable O -changed O -with O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -cocaine B-Chemical -, O -the O -drug O -concentration O -in O -blood O -obtained O -from O -the O -coronary O -sinus O -was O -3 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -4 O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -) O -mg O -/ O -L O -, O -similar O -in O -magnitude O -to O -the O -blood O -cocaine B-Chemical -concentration O -reported O -in O -abusers O -dying O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -intoxication O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -induced O -no O -significant O -change O -in O -heart O -rate O -, O -LV O -dP O -/ O -dt O -( O -positive O -or O -negative O -) O -, O -or O -LV O -end O -- O -diastolic O -volume O -, O -but O -it O -caused O -an O -increase O -in O -systolic O -and O -mean O -arterial O -pressures O -, O -LV O -end O -- O -diastolic O -pressure O -, O -and O -LV O -end O -- O -systolic O -volume O -, O -as O -well O -as O -a O -decrease O -in O -LV O -ejection O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -In O -humans O -, O -the O -intracoronary O -infusion O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -sufficient O -in O -amount O -to O -achieve O -a O -high O -drug O -concentration O -in O -coronary O -sinus O -blood O -causes O -a O -deterioration O -of O -LV O -systolic O -and O -diastolic O -performance O -. O - -aps B-category -Ascending O -dose O -tolerance O -study O -of O -intramuscular O -carbetocin B-Chemical -administered O -after O -normal O -vaginal O -birth O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -determine O -the O -maximum O -tolerated O -dose O -( O -MTD O -) O -of O -carbetocin B-Chemical -( O -a O -long O -- O -acting O -synthetic O -analogue O -of O -oxytocin B-Chemical -) O -, O -when O -administered O -immediately O -after O -vaginal O -delivery O -at O -term O -. O - -aps B-category -MATERIALS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -Carbetocin B-Chemical -was O -given O -as O -an O -intramuscular O -injection O -immediately O -after O -the O -birth O -of O -the O -infant O -in O -45 O -healthy O -women O -with O -normal O -singleton O -pregnancies O -who O -delivered O -vaginally O -at O -term O -. O - -aps B-category -Dosage O -groups O -of O -15 O -, O -30 O -, O -50 O -, O -75 O -, O -100 O -, O -125 O -, O -150 O -, O -175 O -or O -200 O -microg O -carbetocin B-Chemical -were O -assigned O -to O -blocks O -of O -three O -women O -according O -to O -the O -continual O -reassessment O -method O -( O -CRM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -All O -dosage O -groups O -consisted O -of O -three O -women O -, O -except O -those O -with O -100 O -microg O -( O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -and O -200 O -microg O -( O -n O -= O -18 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Recorded O -were O -dose O -- O -limiting O -adverse O -events O -: O -hyper O -- O -or O -hypotension O -( O -three O -) O -, O -severe O -abdominal O -pain O -( O -0 O -) O -, O -vomiting O -( O -0 O -) O -and O -retained O -placenta O -( O -four O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Serious O -adverse O -events O -occurred O -in O -seven O -women O -: O -six O -cases O -with O -blood O -loss O -> O -or O -= O -1000 O -ml O -, O -four O -cases O -of O -manual O -placenta O -removal O -, O -five O -cases O -of O -additional O -oxytocics O -administration O -and O -five O -cases O -of O -blood O -transfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -blood O -loss O -was O -greatest O -at O -the O -upper O -and O -lower O -dose O -levels O -, O -and O -lowest O -in O -the O -70 O -- O -125 O -microg O -dose O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -out O -of O -six O -cases O -with O -blood O -loss O -> O -or O -= O -1000 O -ml O -occurred O -in O -the O -200 O -microg O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -majority O -of O -additional O -administration O -of O -oxytocics O -( O -4 O -/ O -5 O -) O -and O -blood O -transfusion O -( O -3 O -/ O -5 O -) O -occurred O -in O -the O -dose O -groups O -of O -200 O -microg O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -retained O -placentae O -were O -found O -in O -the O -group O -of O -200 O -microg O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -The O -MTD O -was O -calculated O -to O -be O -at O -200 O -microg O -carbetocin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -, O -paradoxical O -thromboembolism O -, O -and O -other O -side O -effects O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -several O -new O -anticoagulant O -drugs O -are O -in O -development O -, O -heparin B-Chemical -remains O -the O -drug O -of O -choice O -for O -most O -anticoagulation O -needs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -effects O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -are O -meritorious O -, O -but O -side O -effects O -do O -exist O -. O - -aps B-category -Important O -untoward O -effects O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -therapy O -including O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -, O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -associated O -osteoporosis O -, O -eosinophilia O -, O -skin O -reactions O -, O -allergic O -reactions O -other O -than O -thrombocytopenia O -and O -alopecia O -will O -be O -discussed O -in O -this O -article O -. O - -aps B-category -Nonopaque O -crystal O -deposition O -causing O -ureteric O -obstruction O -in O -patients O -with O -HIV O -undergoing O -indinavir B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -We O -describe O -the O -unique O -CT O -features O -of O -ureteric O -calculi O -in O -six O -HIV O -- O -infected O -patients O -receiving O -indinavir B-Chemical -, O -the O -most O -commonly O -used O -HIV O -protease O -inhibitor O -, O -which O -is O -associated O -with O -an O -increased O -incidence O -of O -urolithiasis O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Ureteric O -obstruction O -caused O -by O -precipitated O -indinavir B-Chemical -crystals O -may O -be O -difficult O -to O -diagnose O -with O -unenhanced O -CT O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -calculi O -are O -not O -opaque O -, O -and O -secondary O -signs O -of O -obstruction O -may O -be O -absent O -or O -minimal O -and O -should O -be O -sought O -carefully O -. O - -aps B-category -Images O -may O -need O -to O -be O -obtained O -using O -i O -. O -v O -. O -contrast O -material O -to O -enable O -diagnosis O -of O -ureteric O -stones O -or O -obstruction O -in O -patients O -with O -HIV O -infection O -who O -receive O -indinavir B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Ischemic O -colitis O -and O -sumatriptan B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Sumatriptan B-Chemical -succinate I-Chemical -, O -a O -serotonin B-Chemical -- O -1 O -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -- O -1 O -) O -receptor O -agonist O -, O -is O -an O -antimigraine O -drug O -that O -is O -reported O -to O -act O -by O -selectively O -constricting O -intracranial O -arteries O -. O - -aps B-category -Recently O -, O -vasopressor O -responses O -that O -are O -distinct O -from O -the O -cranial O -circulation O -have O -been O -demonstrated O -to O -occur O -in O -the O -systemic O -, O -pulmonary O -, O -and O -coronary O -circulations O -. O - -aps B-category -Cases O -have O -been O -published O -of O -coronary O -vasospasm O -, O -myocardial O -ischemia O -, O -and O -myocardial O -infarction O -occurring O -after O -sumatriptan B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -on O -the O -development O -of O -8 O -serious O -cases O -of O -ischemic O -colitis O -in O -patients O -with O -migraine O -treated O -with O -sumatriptan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pallidotomy O -with O -the O -gamma O -knife O -: O -a O -positive O -experience O -. O - -aps B-category -51 O -patients O -with O -medically O -refractory O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -underwent O -stereotactic O -posteromedial O -pallidotomy O -between O -August O -1993 O -and O -February O -1997 O -for O -treatment O -of O -bradykinesia O -, O -rigidity O -, O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -29 O -patients O -, O -the O -pallidotomies O -were O -performed O -with O -the O -Leksell O -Gamma O -Knife O -and O -in O -22 O -they O -were O -performed O -with O -the O -standard O -radiofrequency O -( O -RF O -) O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -assessment O -as O -well O -as O -blinded O -ratings O -of O -Unified O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -Disease O -Rating O -Scale O -( O -UPDRS O -) O -scores O -were O -carried O -out O -pre O -- O -and O -postoperatively O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -follow O -- O -up O -time O -is O -20 O -. O -6 O -months O -( O -range O -6 O -- O -48 O -) O -and O -all O -except O -4 O -patients O -have O -been O -followed O -more O -than O -one O -year O -. O - -aps B-category -85 O -percent O -of O -patients O -with O -dyskinesias O -were O -relieved O -of O -symptoms O -, O -regardless O -of O -whether O -the O -pallidotomies O -were O -performed O -with O -the O -Gamma O -Knife O -or O -radiofrequency O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -About O -2 O -/ O -3 O -of O -the O -patients O -in O -both O -Gamma O -Knife O -and O -radiofrequency O -groups O -showed O -improvements O -in O -bradykinesia O -and O -rigidity O -, O -although O -when O -considered O -as O -a O -group O -neither O -the O -Gamma O -Knife O -nor O -the O -radiofrequency O -group O -showed O -statistically O -significant O -improvements O -in O -UPDRS O -scores O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -patient O -in O -the O -Gamma O -Knife O -group O -( O -3 O -. O -4 O -% O -) O -developed O -a O -homonymous O -hemianopsia O -9 O -months O -following O -treatment O -and O -5 O -patients O -( O -27 O -. O -7 O -% O -) O -in O -the O -radiofrequency O -group O -became O -transiently O -confused O -postoperatively O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -other O -complications O -were O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -Gamma O -Knife O -pallidotomy O -is O -as O -effective O -as O -radiofrequency O -pallidotomy O -in O -controlling O -certain O -of O -the O -symptoms O -of O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -may O -be O -the O -only O -practical O -technique O -available O -in O -certain O -patients O -, O -such O -as O -those O -who O -take O -anticoagulants O -, O -have O -bleeding O -diatheses O -or O -serious O -systemic O -medical O -illnesses O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -a O -viable O -option O -for O -other O -patients O -as O -well O -. O - -aps B-category -Centrally O -mediated O -cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -intracisternal O -application O -of O -carbachol B-Chemical -in O -anesthetized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pressor O -response O -to O -the O -intracisternal O -( O -i O -. O -c O -. O -) O -injection O -of O -carbachol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mug O -) O -in O -anesthetized O -rats O -was O -analyzed O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -response O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -by O -the O -intravenous O -( O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -injection O -of O -guanethidine B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -) O -, O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -) O -or O -phentolamine B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -) O -, O -and O -conversely O -, O -potentiated O -by O -i O -. O -v O -. O -desmethylimipramine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -3 O -mg O -) O -, O -while O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -) O -i O -. O -v O -. O -selectively O -inhibited O -the O -enlargement O -of O -pulse O -pressure O -and O -the O -tachycardia O -following O -i O -. O -c O -. O -carbachol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mug O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -pressor O -response O -to O -i O -. O -c O -. O -carbachol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mug O -) O -was O -almost O -completely O -blocked O -by O -i O -. O -c O -. O -atropine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -mug O -) O -or O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -( O -500 O -mug O -) O -, O -and O -significantly O -reduced O -by O -i O -. O -c O -. O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mug O -) O -but O -significantly O -potentiated O -by O -i O -. O -c O -. O -desmethylimipramine B-Chemical -( O -30 O -mug O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pressor O -response O -to O -i O -. O -c O -. O -carbachol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mug O -) O -remained O -unchanged O -after O -sectioning O -of O -the O -bilateral O -cervical O -vagal O -nerves O -but O -disappeared O -after O -sectioning O -of O -the O -spinal O -cord O -( O -C7 O -- O -C8 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -above O -result O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -pressor O -response O -to O -i O -. O -c O -. O -carbachol B-Chemical -ortral O -and O -peripheral O -adrenergic O -mechanisms O -, O -and O -that O -the O -sympathetic O -trunk O -is O -the O -main O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic O -malignant O -syndrome O -and O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -1 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -female O -presented O -with O -neuroleptic O -malignant O -syndrome O -probably O -caused O -by O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -She O -had O -defects O -in O -the O -supratentorial O -brain O -including O -the O -basal O -ganglia O -and O -the O -striatum O -( O -multicystic O -encephalomalacia O -) O -due O -to O -severe O -perinatal O -hypoxic O -- O -ischemic O -encephalopathy O -, O -which O -was O -considered O -to O -be O -a O -possible O -predisposing O -factor O -causing O -neuroleptic O -malignant O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -dopaminergic O -blockade O -mechanism O -generally O -is O -accepted O -as O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -this O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -is O -a O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonist O -via O -the O -inhibition O -of O -uptake O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -therefore O -dopaminergic O -systems O -in O -the O -brainstem O -( O -mainly O -the O -midbrain O -) O -and O -the O -spinal O -cord O -were O -unlikely O -to O -participate O -in O -the O -onset O -of O -this O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -relative O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -ergic O -deficiency O -might O -occur O -because O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -a O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -mimetic O -agent O -, O -was O -strikingly O -effective O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -the O -first O -reported O -patient O -with O -neuroleptic O -malignant O -syndrome O -probably O -caused O -by O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -effects O -of O -17alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethinylestradiol I-Chemical -on O -the O -neutral O -and O -acidic O -pathways O -of O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -17alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethinylestradiol I-Chemical -( O -EE B-Chemical -) O -on O -the O -neutral O -and O -acidic O -biosynthetic O -pathways O -of O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -( O -BS B-Chemical -) O -synthesis O -were O -evaluated O -in O -rats O -with O -an O -intact O -enterohepatic O -circulation O -and O -in O -rats O -with O -long O -- O -term O -bile O -diversion O -to O -induce O -BS B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -this O -purpose O -, O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -pool O -composition O -, O -synthesis O -of O -individual O -BS B-Chemical -in O -vivo O -, O -hepatic O -activities O -, O -and O -expression O -levels O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -7alpha O -- O -hydroxylase O -( O -CYP7A O -) O -, O -and O -sterol B-Chemical -27 O -- O -hydroxylase O -( O -CYP27 O -) O -, O -as O -well O -as O -of O -other O -enzymes O -involved O -in O -BS B-Chemical -synthesis O -, O -were O -analyzed O -in O -rats O -treated O -with O -EE B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -3 O -days O -) O -or O -its O -vehicle O -. O - -aps B-category -BS B-Chemical -pool O -size O -was O -decreased O -by O -27 O -% O -but O -total O -BS B-Chemical -synthesis O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -EE B-Chemical -in O -intact O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -of O -cholate B-Chemical -was O -reduced O -by O -68 O -% O -in O -EE B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -, O -while O -that O -of O -chenodeoxycholate B-Chemical -was O -increased O -by O -60 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -recently O -identified O -Delta22 O -- O -isomer O -of O -beta O -- O -muricholate O -contributed O -for O -5 O -. O -4 O -% O -and O -18 O -. O -3 O -% O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -to O -the O -pool O -in O -control O -and O -EE B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -, O -respectively O -, O -but O -could O -not O -be O -detected O -in O -bile O -after O -exhaustion O -of O -the O -pool O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -clear O -reduction O -of O -BS B-Chemical -synthesis O -was O -found O -in O -bile O -- O -diverted O -rats O -treated O -with O -EE B-Chemical -, O -yet O -biliary O -BS B-Chemical -composition O -was O -only O -minimally O -affected O -. O - -aps B-category -Activity O -of O -CYP7A O -was O -decreased O -by O -EE B-Chemical -in O -both O -intact O -and O -bile O -- O -diverted O -rats O -, O -whereas O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -CYP27 O -was O -not O -affected O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -mRNA O -levels O -of O -CYP7A O -were O -significantly O -reduced O -by O -EE B-Chemical -in O -bile O -- O -diverted O -rats O -only O -; O -CYP27 O -mRNA O -levels O -were O -not O -affected O -by O -EE B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -mRNA O -levels O -of O -sterol B-Chemical -12alpha O -- O -hydroxylase O -and O -lithocholate O -6beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -were O -increased O -by O -bile O -diversion O -and O -suppressed O -by O -EE B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -shows O -that O -17alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethinylestradiol I-Chemical -( O -EE B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -intrahepatic O -cholestasis O -in O -rats O -is O -associated O -with O -selective O -inhibition O -of O -the O -neutral O -pathway O -of O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -( O -BS B-Chemical -) O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneous O -impairment O -of O -other O -enzymes O -in O -the O -BS B-Chemical -biosynthetic O -pathways O -may O -contribute O -to O -overall O -effects O -of O -EE B-Chemical -on O -BS B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Glibenclamide B-Chemical -- O -sensitive O -hypotension O -produced O -by O -helodermin B-Chemical -assessed O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -helodermin B-Chemical -, O -a O -basic O -35 O -- O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -peptide O -isolated O -from O -the O -venom O -of O -a O -lizard O -salivary O -gland O -, O -on O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -were O -examined O -in O -the O -rat O -, O -focusing O -on O -the O -possibility O -that O -activation O -of O -ATP B-Chemical -sensitive O -K B-Chemical -+ O -( O -K B-Chemical -( O -ATP B-Chemical -) O -) O -channels O -is O -involved O -in O -the O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -were O -also O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -vasoactive O -intestinal O -polypeptide O -( O -VIP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Helodermin B-Chemical -produced O -hypotension O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -with O -approximately O -similar O -potency O -and O -duration O -to O -VIP O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypotension O -induced O -by O -both O -peptides O -was O -significantly O -attenuated O -by O -glibenclamide B-Chemical -, O -which O -abolished O -a O -levcromakalim B-Chemical -- O -produced O -decrease O -in O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxyhemoglobin O -did O -not O -affect O -helodermin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -, O -whereas O -it O -shortened O -the O -duration O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -ACh B-Chemical -) O -- O -produced O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -helodermin B-Chemical -- O -produced O -hypotension O -is O -partly O -attributable O -to O -the O -activation O -of O -glibenclamide B-Chemical -- O -sensitive O -K B-Chemical -+ O -channels O -( O -K B-Chemical -( O -ATP B-Chemical -) O -channels O -) O -, O -which O -presumably O -exist O -on O -arterial O -smooth O -muscle O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -EDRF O -( O -endothelium O -- O -derived O -relaxing O -factor O -) O -/ O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -does O -not O -seem O -to O -play O -an O -important O -role O -in O -the O -peptide O -- O -produced O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -efficacy O -and O -adverse O -event O -of O -nifedipine B-Chemical -sustained O -- O -release O -tablets O -for O -cyclosporin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -in O -patients O -with O -psoriasis O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirteen O -psoriatic O -patients O -with O -hypertension O -during O -the O -course O -of O -cyclosporin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -therapy O -were O -treated O -for O -25 O -months O -with O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blocker O -, O -sustained O -- O -release O -nifedipine B-Chemical -, O -to O -study O -the O -clinical O -antihypertensive O -effects O -and O -adverse O -events O -during O -treatment O -with O -both O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -of O -the O -13 O -patients O -had O -exhibited O -a O -subclinical O -hypertensive O -state O -before O -cyclosporin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -systolic O -and O -diastolic O -blood O -pressures O -of O -these O -13 O -patients O -were O -decreased O -significantly O -after O -4 O -weeks O -of O -nifedipine B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -and O -blood O -pressure O -was O -maintained O -within O -the O -normal O -range O -thereafter O -for O -25 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adverse O -events O -during O -combined O -therapy O -with O -cyclosporin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -and O -nifedipine B-Chemical -included O -an O -increase O -in O -blood B-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -levels O -in O -9 O -of O -the O -13 O -patients O -and O -development O -of O -gingival O -hyperplasia O -in O -2 O -of O -the O -13 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -findings O -indicate O -that O -sustained O -- O -release O -nifedipine B-Chemical -is O -useful O -for O -hypertensive O -psoriatic O -patients O -under O -long O -- O -term O -treatment O -with O -cyclosporin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -, O -but O -that O -these O -patients O -should O -be O -monitored O -for O -gingival O -hyperplasia O -. O - diff --git a/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/train.txt b/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/train.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 88493dd..0000000 --- a/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/train.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,127290 +0,0 @@ -aps B-category -Selegiline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -postural O -hypotension O -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -: O -a O -longitudinal O -study O -on O -the O -effects O -of O -drug O -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -The O -United O -Kingdom O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -Disease O -Research O -Group O -( O -UKPDRG O -) O -trial O -found O -an O -increased O -mortality O -in O -patients O -with O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -( O -PD O -) O -randomized O -to O -receive O -10 O -mg O -selegiline B-Chemical -per O -day O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -compared O -with O -those O -taking O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Recently O -, O -we O -found O -that O -therapy O -with O -selegiline B-Chemical -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -selective O -systolic O -orthostatic O -hypotension O -which O -was O -abolished O -by O -withdrawal O -of O -selegiline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -unwanted O -effect O -on O -postural O -blood O -pressure O -was O -not O -the O -result O -of O -underlying O -autonomic O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aims O -of O -this O -study O -were O -to O -confirm O -our O -previous O -findings O -in O -a O -separate O -cohort O -of O -patients O -and O -to O -determine O -the O -time O -course O -of O -the O -cardiovascular O -consequences O -of O -stopping O -selegiline B-Chemical -in O -the O -expectation O -that O -this O -might O -shed O -light O -on O -the O -mechanisms O -by O -which O -the O -drug O -causes O -orthostatic O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -The O -cardiovascular O -responses O -to O -standing O -and O -head O -- O -up O -tilt O -were O -studied O -repeatedly O -in O -PD O -patients O -receiving O -selegiline B-Chemical -and O -as O -the O -drug O -was O -withdrawn O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Head O -- O -up O -tilt O -caused O -systolic O -orthostatic O -hypotension O -which O -was O -marked O -in O -six O -of O -20 O -PD O -patients O -on O -selegiline B-Chemical -, O -one O -of O -whom O -lost O -consciousness O -with O -unrecordable O -blood O -pressures O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -lesser O -degree O -of O -orthostatic O -hypotension O -occurred O -with O -standing O -. O - -aps B-category -Orthostatic O -hypotension O -was O -ameliorated O -4 O -days O -after O -withdrawal O -of O -selegiline B-Chemical -and O -totally O -abolished O -7 O -days O -after O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Stopping O -selegiline B-Chemical -also O -significantly O -reduced O -the O -supine O -systolic O -and O -diastolic O -blood O -pressures O -consistent O -with O -a O -previously O -undescribed O -supine O -pressor O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -This O -study O -confirms O -our O -previous O -finding O -that O -selegiline B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -is O -associated O -with O -selective O -orthostatic O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibilities O -that O -these O -cardiovascular O -findings O -might O -be O -the O -result O -of O -non O -- O -selective O -inhibition O -of O -monoamine O -oxidase O -or O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -and O -metamphetamine B-Chemical -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -studies O -on O -effects O -of O -irrigation O -solutions O -on O -rat O -bladders O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -studies O -on O -the O -effects O -of O -certain O -irrigating O -fluids O -on O -the O -rat O -bladder O -for O -18 O -hours O -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -have O -shown O -that O -the O -degradation O -product O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -choloroaniline I-Chemical -is O -not O -a O -significant O -factor O -in O -chlorhexidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -digluconate I-Chemical -associated O -erosive O -cystitis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -high O -percentage O -of O -kanamycin B-Chemical -- O -colistin B-Chemical -and O -povidone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iodine I-Chemical -irrigations O -were O -associated O -with O -erosive O -cystitis O -and O -suggested O -a O -possible O -complication O -with O -human O -usage O -. O - -aps B-category -Picloxydine B-Chemical -irrigations O -appeared O -to O -have O -a O -lower O -incidence O -of O -erosive O -cystitis O -but O -further O -studies O -would O -have O -to O -be O -performed O -before O -it O -could O -be O -recommended O -for O -use O -in O -urological O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -tetrandrine B-Chemical -and O -fangchinoline B-Chemical -on O -experimental O -thrombosis O -in O -mice O -and O -human O -platelet O -aggregation O -. O - -aps B-category -Tetrandrine B-Chemical -( O -TET B-Chemical -) O -and O -fangchinoline B-Chemical -( O -FAN B-Chemical -) O -are O -two O -naturally O -occurring O -analogues O -with O -a O -bisbenzylisoquinoline B-Chemical -structure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -undertaken O -to O -investigate O -the O -effects O -of O -TET B-Chemical -and O -FAN B-Chemical -on O -the O -experimental O -thrombosis O -induced O -by O -collagen O -plus O -epinephrine B-Chemical -( O -EP B-Chemical -) O -in O -mice O -, O -and O -platelet O -aggregation O -and O -blood O -coagulation O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -in O -vivo O -study O -, O -the O -administration O -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -of O -TET B-Chemical -and O -FAN B-Chemical -in O -mice O -showed O -the O -inhibition O -of O -thrombosis O -by O -55 O -% O -and O -35 O -% O -, O -respectively O -, O -while O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -ASA B-Chemical -, O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -, O -a O -positive O -control O -, O -showed O -only O -30 O -% O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -vitro O -human O -platelet O -aggregations O -induced O -by O -the O -agonists O -used O -in O -tests O -, O -TET B-Chemical -and O -FAN B-Chemical -showed O -the O -inhibitions O -dose O -dependently O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -neither O -TET B-Chemical -nor O -FAN B-Chemical -showed O -any O -anticoagulation O -activities O -in O -the O -measurement O -of O -the O -activated O -partial O -thromboplastin O -time O -( O -APTT O -) O -, O -prothrombin O -time O -( O -PT O -) O -and O -thrombin O -time O -( O -TT O -) O -using O -human O -- O -citrated O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -antithrombosis O -of O -TET B-Chemical -and O -FAN B-Chemical -in O -mice O -may O -be O -mainly O -related O -to O -the O -antiplatelet O -aggregation O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Angioedema O -due O -to O -ACE B-Chemical -inhibitors I-Chemical -: O -common O -and O -inadequately O -diagnosed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -estimated O -incidence O -of O -angioedema O -during O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -converting I-Chemical -enzyme I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -ACE I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -inhibitor I-Chemical -treatment O -is O -between O -1 O -and O -7 O -per O -thousand O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -potentially O -serious O -adverse O -effect O -is O -often O -preceded O -by O -minor O -manifestations O -that O -may O -serve O -as O -a O -warning O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -mood O -disorder O -: O -prevalence O -rates O -and O -psychiatric O -symptoms O -in O -an O -outpatient O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -dependent O -sample O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -paper O -attempts O -to O -examine O -and O -compare O -prevalence O -rates O -and O -symptom O -patterns O -of O -DSM O -substance O -- O -induced O -and O -other O -mood O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -243 O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -dependent O -outpatients O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -mood O -disorder O -( O -CIMD O -) O -, O -other O -mood O -disorders O -, O -or O -no O -mood O -disorder O -were O -compared O -on O -measures O -of O -psychiatric O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prevalence O -rate O -for O -CIMD O -was O -12 O -% O -at O -baseline O -. O - -aps B-category -Introduction O -of O -the O -DSM O -- O -IV O -diagnosis O -of O -CIMD O -did O -not O -substantially O -affect O -rates O -of O -the O -other O -depressive O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -CIMD O -had O -symptom O -severity O -levels O -between O -those O -of O -patients O -with O -and O -without O -a O -mood O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -some O -validity O -for O -the O -new O -DSM O -- O -IV O -diagnosis O -of O -CIMD O -, O -but O -also O -suggest O -that O -it O -requires O -further O -specification O -and O -replication O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -fucoidan B-Chemical -treatment O -on O -collagenase O -- O -induced O -intracerebral O -hemorrhage O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Inflammatory O -cells O -are O -postulated O -to O -mediate O -some O -of O -the O -brain O -damage O -following O -ischemic O -stroke O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracerebral O -hemorrhage O -is O -associated O -with O -more O -inflammation O -than O -ischemic O -stroke O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -tested O -the O -sulfated O -polysaccharide O -fucoidan B-Chemical -, O -which O -has O -been O -reported O -to O -reduce O -inflammatory O -brain O -damage O -, O -in O -a O -rat O -model O -of O -intracerebral O -hemorrhage O -induced O -by O -injection O -of O -bacterial O -collagenase O -into O -the O -caudate O -nucleus O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -were O -treated O -with O -seven O -day O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -fucoidan B-Chemical -( O -30 O -micrograms O -h O -- O -1 O -) O -or O -vehicle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hematoma O -was O -assessed O -in O -vivo O -by O -magnetic O -resonance O -imaging O -. O - -aps B-category -Motor O -behavior O -, O -passive O -avoidance O -, O -and O -skilled O -forelimb O -function O -were O -tested O -repeatedly O -for O -six O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Fucoidan B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -exhibited O -evidence O -of O -impaired O -blood O -clotting O -and O -hemodilution O -, O -had O -larger O -hematomas O -, O -and O -tended O -to O -have O -less O -inflammation O -in O -the O -vicinity O -of O -the O -hematoma O -after O -three O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -showed O -significantly O -more O -rapid O -improvement O -of O -motor O -function O -in O -the O -first O -week O -following O -hemorrhage O -and O -better O -memory O -retention O -in O -the O -passive O -avoidance O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -white O -matter O -edema O -and O -eventual O -neuronal O -loss O -in O -the O -striatum O -adjacent O -to O -the O -hematoma O -did O -not O -differ O -between O -the O -two O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Investigation O -of O -more O -specific O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -agents O -and O -hemodiluting O -agents O -are O -warranted O -in O -intracerebral O -hemorrhage O -. O - -aps B-category -Recurarization O -in O -the O -recovery O -room O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -recurarization O -in O -the O -recovery O -room O -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Accumulation O -of O -atracurium B-Chemical -in O -the O -intravenous O -line O -led O -to O -recurarization O -after O -flushing O -the O -line O -in O -the O -recovery O -room O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -respiratory O -arrest O -with O -severe O -desaturation O -and O -bradycardia O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -Circumstances O -leading O -to O -this O -event O -and O -the O -mechanisms O -enabling O -a O -neuromuscular O -blockade O -to O -occur O -, O -following O -the O -administration O -of O -a O -small O -dose O -of O -relaxant O -, O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -haemodynamic O -effects O -of O -propofol B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -ephedrine B-Chemical -in O -elderly O -patients O -( O -ASA O -groups O -3 O -and O -4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -marked O -vasodilator O -and O -negative O -inotropic O -effects O -of O -propofol B-Chemical -are O -disadvantages O -in O -frail O -elderly O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -investigated O -the O -safety O -and O -efficacy O -of O -adding O -different O -doses O -of O -ephedrine B-Chemical -to O -propofol B-Chemical -in O -order O -to O -obtund O -the O -hypotensive O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -haemodynamic O -effects O -of O -adding O -15 O -, O -20 O -or O -25 O -mg O -of O -ephedrine B-Chemical -to O -200 O -mg O -of O -propofol B-Chemical -were O -compared O -to O -control O -in O -40 O -ASA O -3 O -/ O -4 O -patients O -over O -60 O -years O -presenting O -for O -genito O -- O -urinary O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -ephedrine B-Chemical -to O -propofol B-Chemical -appears O -to O -be O -an O -effective O -method O -of O -obtunding O -the O -hypotensive O -response O -to O -propofol B-Chemical -at O -all O -doses O -used O -in O -this O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -marked O -tachycardia O -associated O -with O -the O -use O -of O -ephedrine B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -propofol B-Chemical -occurred O -in O -the O -majority O -of O -patients O -, O -occasionally O -reaching O -high O -levels O -in O -individual O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Due O -to O -the O -risk O -of O -this O -tachycardia O -inducing O -myocardial O -ischemia O -, O -we O -would O -not O -recommend O -the O -use O -in O -elderly O -patients O -of O -any O -of O -the O -ephedrine B-Chemical -/ O -propofol B-Chemical -/ O -mixtures O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Gemcitabine B-Chemical -plus O -vinorelbine B-Chemical -in O -nonsmall O -cell O -lung O -carcinoma O -patients O -age O -70 O -years O -or O -older O -or O -patients O -who O -cannot O -receive O -cisplatin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Oncopaz O -Cooperative O -Group O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Although O -the O -prevalence O -of O -nonsmall O -cell O -lung O -carcinoma O -( O -NSCLC O -) O -is O -high O -among O -elderly O -patients O -, O -few O -data O -are O -available O -regarding O -the O -efficacy O -and O -toxicity O -of O -chemotherapy O -in O -this O -group O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -reports O -indicate O -that O -single O -agent O -therapy O -with O -vinorelbine B-Chemical -( O -VNB B-Chemical -) O -or O -gemcitabine B-Chemical -( O -GEM B-Chemical -) O -may O -obtain O -a O -response O -rate O -of O -20 O -- O -30 O -% O -in O -elderly O -patients O -, O -with O -acceptable O -toxicity O -and O -improvement O -in O -symptoms O -and O -quality O -of O -life O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -current O -study O -the O -efficacy O -and O -toxicity O -of O -the O -combination O -of O -GEM B-Chemical -and O -VNB B-Chemical -in O -elderly O -patients O -with O -advanced O -NSCLC O -or O -those O -with O -some O -contraindication O -to O -receiving O -cisplatin B-Chemical -were O -assessed O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Forty O -- O -nine O -patients O -with O -advanced O -NSCLC O -were O -included O -, O -38 O -of O -whom O -were O -age O -> O -/ O -= O -70 O -years O -and O -11 O -were O -age O -< O -70 O -years O -but O -who O -had O -some O -contraindication O -to O -receiving O -cisplatin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -were O -evaluable O -for O -response O -and O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -was O -comprised O -of O -VNB B-Chemical -, O -25 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -, O -plus O -GEM B-Chemical -, O -1000 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -, O -both O -on O -Days O -1 O -, O -8 O -, O -and O -15 O -every O -28 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -received O -a O -minimum O -of O -three O -courses O -unless O -progressive O -disease O -was O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -One O -hundred O -sixty O -- O -five O -courses O -were O -administered O -, O -with O -a O -median O -of O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -courses O -per O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -overall O -response O -rate O -was O -26 O -% O -( O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -, O -15 O -- O -41 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -attained O -a O -complete O -response O -( O -4 O -% O -) O -and O -11 O -patients O -( O -22 O -% O -) O -achieved O -a O -partial O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Eastern O -Cooperative O -Oncology O -Group O -performance O -status O -improved O -in O -35 O -% O -of O -those O -patients O -with O -an O -initial O -value O -> O -0 O -, O -whereas O -relief O -of O -at O -least O -1 O -symptom O -without O -worsening O -of O -other O -symptoms O -was O -noted O -in O -27 O -patients O -( O -55 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -median O -time O -to O -progression O -was O -16 O -weeks O -and O -the O -1 O -- O -year O -survival O -rate O -was O -33 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxicity O -was O -mild O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -patients O -( O -12 O -% O -) O -had O -World O -Health O -Organization O -Grade O -3 O -- O -4 O -neutropenia O -, O -2 O -patients O -( O -4 O -% O -) O -had O -Grade O -3 O -- O -4 O -thrombocytopenia O -, O -and O -2 O -patients O -( O -4 O -% O -) O -had O -Grade O -3 O -neurotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -patients O -with O -severe O -neutropenia O -( O -6 O -% O -) O -died O -of O -sepsis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -median O -age O -of O -those O -patients O -developing O -Grade O -3 O -- O -4 O -neutropenia O -was O -significantly O -higher O -than O -that O -of O -the O -remaining O -patients O -( O -75 O -years O -vs O -. O -72 O -years O -; O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -047 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -combination O -of O -GEM B-Chemical -and O -VNB B-Chemical -is O -moderately O -active O -and O -well O -tolerated O -except O -in O -patients O -age O -> O -/ O -= O -75 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -age O -group O -had O -an O -increased O -risk O -of O -myelosuppression O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -the O -prophylactic O -use O -of O -granulocyte O -- O -colony O -stimulating O -factor O -should O -be O -considered O -with O -this O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -New O -chemotherapy O -combinations O -with O -higher O -activity O -and O -lower O -toxicity O -are O -needed O -for O -elderly O -patients O -with O -advanced O -NSCLC O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -selective O -dopamine B-Chemical -D4 O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -NRA0160 B-Chemical -: O -a O -preclinical O -neuropharmacological O -profile O -. O - -aps B-category -NRA0160 B-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorobenzylidene I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -piperidin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -yl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -ethyl I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorophenyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -thiazole I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboxamide I-Chemical -, O -has O -a O -high O -affinity O -for O -human O -cloned O -dopamine B-Chemical -D4 O -. O -2 O -, O -D4 O -. O -4 O -and O -D4 O -. O -7 O -receptors O -, O -with O -Ki O -values O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -, O -0 O -. O -9 O -and O -2 O -. O -7 O -nM O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -NRA0160 B-Chemical -is O -over O -20 O -, O -000fold O -more O -potent O -at O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -D4 O -. O -2 O -receptor O -compared O -with O -the O -human O -cloned O -dopamine B-Chemical -D2L O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -NRA0160 B-Chemical -has O -negligible O -affinity O -for O -the O -human O -cloned O -dopamine B-Chemical -D3 O -receptor O -( O -Ki O -= O -39 O -nM O -) O -, O -rat O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -2A O -receptors O -( O -Ki O -= O -180 O -nM O -) O -and O -rat O -alpha1 O -adrenoceptor O -( O -Ki O -= O -237 O -nM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -NRA0160 B-Chemical -and O -clozapine B-Chemical -antagonized O -locomotor O -hyperactivity O -induced O -by O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -( O -MAP B-Chemical -) O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -NRA0160 B-Chemical -and O -clozapine B-Chemical -antagonized O -MAP B-Chemical -- O -induced O -stereotyped O -behavior O -in O -mice O -, O -although O -their O -effects O -did O -not O -exceed O -50 O -% O -inhibition O -, O -even O -at O -the O -highest O -dose O -given O -. O - -aps B-category -NRA0160 B-Chemical -and O -clozapine B-Chemical -significantly O -induced O -catalepsy O -in O -rats O -, O -although O -their O -effects O -did O -not O -exceed O -50 O -% O -induction O -even O -at O -the O -highest O -dose O -given O -. O - -aps B-category -NRA0160 B-Chemical -and O -clozapine B-Chemical -significantly O -reversed O -the O -disruption O -of O -prepulse O -inhibition O -( O -PPI O -) O -in O -rats O -produced O -by O -apomorphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -NRA0160 B-Chemical -and O -clozapine B-Chemical -significantly O -shortened O -the O -phencyclidine B-Chemical -( O -PCP B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -prolonged O -swimming O -latency O -in O -rats O -in O -a O -water O -maze O -task O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -NRA0160 B-Chemical -may O -have O -unique O -antipsychotic O -activities O -without O -the O -liability O -of O -motor O -side O -effects O -typical O -of O -classical O -antipsychotics O -. O - -aps B-category -Warfarin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -artery O -calcification O -is O -accelerated O -by O -growth O -and O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -studies O -demonstrate O -that O -growth O -and O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -treatment O -enhance O -the O -extent O -of O -artery O -calcification O -in O -rats O -given O -sufficient O -doses O -of O -Warfarin B-Chemical -to O -inhibit O -gamma O -- O -carboxylation O -of O -matrix O -Gla O -protein O -, O -a O -calcification O -inhibitor O -known O -to O -be O -expressed O -by O -smooth O -muscle O -cells O -and O -macrophages O -in O -the O -artery O -wall O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -series O -of O -experiments O -examined O -the O -influence O -of O -age O -and O -growth O -status O -on O -artery O -calcification O -in O -Warfarin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -for O -2 O -weeks O -with O -Warfarin B-Chemical -caused O -massive O -focal O -calcification O -of O -the O -artery O -media O -in O -20 O -- O -day O -- O -old O -rats O -and O -less O -extensive O -focal O -calcification O -in O -42 O -- O -day O -- O -old O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -no O -artery O -calcification O -could O -be O -detected O -in O -10 O -- O -month O -- O -old O -adult O -rats O -even O -after O -4 O -weeks O -of O -Warfarin B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -directly O -examine O -the O -importance O -of O -growth O -to O -Warfarin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -artery O -calcification O -in O -animals O -of O -the O -same O -age O -, O -20 O -- O -day O -- O -old O -rats O -were O -fed O -for O -2 O -weeks O -either O -an O -ad O -libitum O -diet O -or O -a O -6 O -- O -g O -/ O -d O -restricted O -diet O -that O -maintains O -weight O -but O -prevents O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -Concurrent O -treatment O -of O -both O -dietary O -groups O -with O -Warfarin B-Chemical -produced O -massive O -focal O -calcification O -of O -the O -artery O -media O -in O -the O -ad O -libitum O -- O -fed O -rats O -but O -no O -detectable O -artery O -calcification O -in O -the O -restricted O -- O -diet O -, O -growth O -- O -inhibited O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -explanation O -for O -the O -association O -between O -artery O -calcification O -and O -growth O -status O -cannot O -be O -determined O -from O -the O -present O -study O -, O -there O -was O -a O -relationship O -between O -higher O -serum O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -susceptibility O -to O -artery O -calcification O -, O -with O -30 O -% O -higher O -levels O -of O -serum O -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -young O -, O -ad O -libitum O -- O -fed O -rats O -compared O -with O -either O -of O -the O -groups O -that O -was O -resistant O -to O -Warfarin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -artery O -calcification O -, O -ie O -, O -the O -10 O -- O -month O -- O -old O -rats O -and O -the O -restricted O -- O -diet O -, O -growth O -- O -inhibited O -young O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -observation O -suggests O -that O -increased O -susceptibility O -to O -Warfarin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -artery O -calcification O -could O -be O -related O -to O -higher O -serum O -phosphate B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -set O -of O -experiments O -examined O -the O -possible O -synergy O -between O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -and O -Warfarin B-Chemical -in O -artery O -calcification O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -doses O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -are O -known O -to O -cause O -calcification O -of O -the O -artery O -media O -in O -as O -little O -as O -3 O -to O -4 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -doses O -of O -the O -vitamin B-Chemical -K I-Chemical -antagonist O -Warfarin B-Chemical -are O -also O -known O -to O -cause O -calcification O -of O -the O -artery O -media O -, O -but O -at O -treatment O -times O -of O -2 O -weeks O -or O -longer O -yet O -not O -at O -1 O -week O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -current O -study O -, O -we O -investigated O -the O -synergy O -between O -these O -2 O -treatments O -and O -found O -that O -concurrent O -Warfarin B-Chemical -administration O -dramatically O -increased O -the O -extent O -of O -calcification O -in O -the O -media O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -at O -3 O -and O -4 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -close O -parallel O -between O -the O -effect O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -dose O -on O -artery O -calcification O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -dose O -on O -the O -elevation O -of O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -which O -suggests O -that O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -may O -induce O -artery O -calcification O -through O -its O -effect O -on O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -Warfarin B-Chemical -treatment O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -elevation O -in O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -produced O -by O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -, O -the O -synergy O -between O -Warfarin B-Chemical -and O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -is O -probably O -best O -explained O -by O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -Warfarin B-Chemical -inhibits O -the O -activity O -of O -matrix O -Gla O -protein O -as O -a O -calcification O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -levels O -of O -matrix O -Gla O -protein O -are O -found O -at O -sites O -of O -artery O -calcification O -in O -rats O -treated O -with O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -plus O -Warfarin B-Chemical -, O -and O -chemical O -analysis O -showed O -that O -the O -protein O -that O -accumulated O -was O -indeed O -not O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboxylated I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -indicate O -that O -although O -the O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboxyglutamate I-Chemical -residues O -of O -matrix O -Gla O -protein O -are O -apparently O -required O -for O -its O -function O -as O -a O -calcification O -inhibitor O -, O -they O -are O -not O -required O -for O -its O -accumulation O -at O -calcification O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -Test O -conditions O -influence O -the O -response O -to O -a O -drug O -challenge O -in O -rodents O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -were O -conducted O -to O -examine O -the O -differential O -response O -to O -a O -drug O -challenge O -under O -varied O -experimental O -test O -conditions O -routinely O -employed O -to O -study O -drug O -- O -induced O -behavioral O -and O -neurophysiological O -responses O -in O -rodents O -. O - -aps B-category -Apomorphine B-Chemical -, O -a O -nonselective O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonist I-Chemical -, O -was O -selected O -due O -to O -its O -biphasic O -behavioral O -effects O -, O -its O -ability O -to O -induce O -hypothermia O -, O -and O -to O -produce O -distinct O -changes O -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -turnover O -in O -the O -rodent O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -such O -experiments O -there O -is O -evidence O -that O -characterization O -and O -detection O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -activity O -in O -rodents O -critically O -depends O -upon O -the O -test O -conditions O -employed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rats O -, O -detection O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -was O -facilitated O -by O -a O -period O -of O -acclimatization O -to O -the O -test O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -test O -conditions O -can O -impact O -upon O -other O -physiological O -responses O -to O -apomorphine B-Chemical -such O -as O -drug O -- O -induced O -hypothermia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -mice O -, O -apomorphine B-Chemical -produced O -qualitatively O -different O -responses O -under O -novel O -conditions O -when O -compared O -to O -those O -behaviors O -elicited O -in O -the O -home O -test O -cage O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -- O -induced O -gross O -activity O -counts O -were O -increased O -in O -the O -novel O -exploratory O -box O -only O -, O -while O -measures O -of O -stereotypic O -behavior O -were O -similar O -in O -both O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast O -, O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -locomotion O -was O -more O -prominent O -in O -the O -novel O -exploratory O -box O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -turnover O -ratios O -( O -DOPAC B-Chemical -: O -DA B-Chemical -and O -HVA B-Chemical -: O -DA B-Chemical -) O -were O -found O -to O -be O -lower O -in O -those O -animals O -exposed O -to O -the O -exploratory O -box O -when O -compared O -to O -their O -home O -cage O -counterparts O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -reductions O -in O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -turnover O -were O -detected O -in O -both O -novel O -and O -home O -cage O -environments O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -implications O -of O -these O -findings O -are O -discussed O -with O -particular O -emphasis O -upon O -conducting O -psychopharmacological O -challenge O -tests O -in O -rodents O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemolysis O -of O -human O -erythrocytes O -induced O -by O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -is O -related O -to O -disruption O -of O -membrane O -structure O -. O - -aps B-category -Tamoxifen B-Chemical -( O -TAM B-Chemical -) O -, O -the O -antiestrogenic O -drug O -most O -widely O -prescribed O -in O -the O -chemotherapy O -of O -breast O -cancer O -, O -induces O -changes O -in O -normal O -discoid O -shape O -of O -erythrocytes O -and O -hemolytic O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -work O -evaluates O -the O -effects O -of O -TAM B-Chemical -on O -isolated O -human O -erythrocytes O -, O -attempting O -to O -identify O -the O -underlying O -mechanisms O -on O -TAM B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hemolytic O -anemia O -and O -the O -involvement O -of O -biomembranes O -in O -its O -cytostatic O -action O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -TAM B-Chemical -induces O -hemolysis O -of O -erythrocytes O -as O -a O -function O -of O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extension O -of O -hemolysis O -is O -variable O -with O -erythrocyte O -samples O -, O -but O -12 O -. O -5 O -microM O -TAM B-Chemical -induces O -total O -hemolysis O -of O -all O -tested O -suspensions O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -inducing O -extensive O -erythrocyte O -lysis O -, O -TAM B-Chemical -does O -not O -shift O -the O -osmotic O -fragility O -curves O -of O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hemolytic O -effect O -of O -TAM B-Chemical -is O -prevented O -by O -low O -concentrations O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tocopherol I-Chemical -( O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -T I-Chemical -) O -and O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tocopherol I-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -( O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -TAc I-Chemical -) O -( O -inactivated O -functional O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -) O -indicating O -that O -TAM B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hemolysis O -is O -not O -related O -to O -oxidative O -membrane O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -further O -evidenced O -by O -absence O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -and O -hemoglobin O -oxidation O -both O -determined O -in O -parallel O -with O -TAM B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hemolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -it O -was O -observed O -that O -TAM B-Chemical -inhibits O -the O -peroxidation O -of O -human O -erythrocytes O -induced O -by O -AAPH B-Chemical -, O -thus O -ruling O -out O -TAM B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cell O -oxidative O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemolysis O -caused O -by O -TAM B-Chemical -was O -not O -preceded O -by O -the O -leakage O -of O -K B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -from O -the O -cells O -, O -also O -excluding O -a O -colloid O -- O -osmotic O -type O -mechanism O -of O -hemolysis O -, O -according O -to O -the O -effects O -on O -osmotic O -fragility O -curves O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -TAM B-Chemical -induces O -release O -of O -peripheral O -proteins O -of O -membrane O -- O -cytoskeleton O -and O -cytosol O -proteins O -essentially O -bound O -to O -band O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Either O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -T I-Chemical -or O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -TAc I-Chemical -increases O -membrane O -packing O -and O -prevents O -TAM B-Chemical -partition O -into O -model O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -suggest O -that O -the O -protection O -from O -hemolysis O -by O -tocopherols B-Chemical -is O -related O -to O -a O -decreased O -TAM B-Chemical -incorporation O -in O -condensed O -membranes O -and O -the O -structural O -damage O -of O -the O -erythrocyte O -membrane O -is O -consequently O -avoided O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -TAM B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hemolysis O -results O -from O -a O -structural O -perturbation O -of O -red O -cell O -membrane O -, O -leading O -to O -changes O -in O -the O -framework O -of O -the O -erythrocyte O -membrane O -and O -its O -cytoskeleton O -caused O -by O -its O -high O -partition O -in O -the O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -defects O -explain O -the O -abnormal O -erythrocyte O -shape O -and O -decreased O -mechanical O -stability O -promoted O -by O -TAM B-Chemical -, O -resulting O -in O -hemolytic O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Additionally O -, O -since O -membrane O -leakage O -is O -a O -final O -stage O -of O -cytotoxicity O -, O -the O -disruption O -of O -the O -structural O -characteristics O -of O -biomembranes O -by O -TAM B-Chemical -may O -contribute O -to O -the O -multiple O -mechanisms O -of O -its O -anticancer O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -ATP B-Chemical -affinities O -of O -the O -cardiac O -( O -Na B-Chemical -, O -K B-Chemical -) O -- O -ATPase O -during O -and O -after O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -deficient O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -cardiovascular O -system O -, O -NO B-Chemical -is O -involved O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -a O -variety O -of O -functions O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -NO B-Chemical -synthesis O -induces O -sustained O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -several O -models O -of O -hypertension O -, O -elevation O -of O -intracellular O -sodium B-Chemical -level O -was O -documented O -in O -cardiac O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -assess O -the O -molecular O -basis O -of O -disturbances O -in O -transmembraneous O -transport O -of O -Na B-Chemical -+ O -, O -we O -studied O -the O -response O -of O -cardiac O -( O -Na B-Chemical -, O -K B-Chemical -) O -- O -ATPase O -to O -NO B-Chemical -- O -deficient O -hypertension O -induced O -in O -rats O -by O -NO B-Chemical -- O -synthase O -inhibition O -with O -40 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -N B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -G I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NAME I-Chemical -) O -for O -4 O -four O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -4 O -- O -week O -administration O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NAME I-Chemical -, O -the O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -( O -SBP O -) O -increased O -by O -36 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -weeks O -after O -terminating O -the O -treatment O -, O -the O -SBP O -recovered O -to O -control O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -activating O -the O -( O -Na B-Chemical -, O -K B-Chemical -) O -- O -ATPase O -with O -its O -substrate O -ATP B-Chemical -, O -no O -changes O -in O -Km O -and O -Vmax O -values O -were O -observed O -in O -NO B-Chemical -- O -deficient O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -activation O -with O -Na B-Chemical -+ O -, O -the O -Vmax O -remained O -unchanged O -, O -however O -the O -K B-Chemical -( O -Na B-Chemical -) O -increased O -by O -50 O -% O -, O -indicating O -a O -profound O -decrease O -in O -the O -affinity O -of O -the O -Na B-Chemical -+ O -- O -binding O -site O -in O -NO B-Chemical -- O -deficient O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -recovery O -from O -hypertension O -, O -the O -activity O -of O -( O -Na B-Chemical -, O -K B-Chemical -) O -- O -ATPase O -increased O -, O -due O -to O -higher O -affinity O -of O -the O -ATP B-Chemical -- O -binding O -site O -, O -as O -revealed O -from O -the O -lowered O -Km O -value O -for O -ATP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -K B-Chemical -( O -Na B-Chemical -) O -value O -for O -Na B-Chemical -+ O -returned O -to O -control O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -NO B-Chemical -- O -synthase O -induced O -a O -reversible O -hypertension O -accompanied O -by O -depressed O -Na B-Chemical -+ O -- O -extrusion O -from O -cardiac O -cells O -as O -a O -consequence O -of O -deteriorated O -Na B-Chemical -+ O -- O -binding O -properties O -of O -the O -( O -Na B-Chemical -, O -K B-Chemical -) O -- O -ATPase O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -recovery O -of O -blood O -pressure O -to O -control O -values O -, O -the O -extrusion O -of O -Na B-Chemical -+ O -from O -cardiac O -cells O -was O -normalized O -, O -as O -revealed O -by O -restoration O -of O -the O -( O -Na B-Chemical -, O -K B-Chemical -) O -- O -ATPase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -long O -- O -term O -pretreatment O -with O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -on O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -tachycardia O -in O -conscious O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -shown O -that O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -tachycardia O -, O -which O -persisted O -after O -adrenalectomy O -, O -is O -( O -i O -) O -mediated O -by O -central O -dopamine B-Chemical -D2 O -receptor O -activation O -and O -( O -ii O -) O -reduced O -by O -5 O -- O -day O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -pretreatment O -, O -supporting O -therefore O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -this O -effect O -is O -dependent O -on O -sympathetic O -outflow O -to O -the O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -conducted O -to O -examine O -whether O -prolonged O -pretreatment O -with O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -could O -abolish O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -tachycardia O -in O -conscious O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -pretreatment O -for O -15 O -days O -caused O -cardiac O -hypertrophy O -without O -affecting O -baseline O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -control O -rats O -, O -intravenous O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -( O -150 O -microg O -/ O -kg O -) O -induced O -significant O -hypotension O -and O -tachycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -was O -unaffected O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -pretreatment O -, O -while O -tachycardia O -was O -reversed O -to O -significant O -bradycardia O -, O -an O -effect O -that O -was O -partly O -reduced O -by O -i O -. O -v O -. O -domperidone B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -cardiac O -vagal O -nor O -sympathetic O -tone O -was O -altered O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -pretreatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -isolated O -perfused O -heart O -preparations O -from O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -pretreated O -rats O -, O -the O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -maximal O -increase O -in O -left O -ventricular O -systolic O -pressure O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -, O -compared O -with O -saline O -- O -pretreated O -rats O -( O -the O -EC50 O -of O -the O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -increase O -in O -left O -ventricular O -systolic O -pressure O -was O -enhanced O -approximately O -22 O -- O -fold O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -show O -that O -15 O -- O -day O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -pretreatment O -not O -only O -abolished O -but O -reversed O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -tachycardia O -to O -bradycardia O -, O -an O -effect O -that O -is O -mainly O -related O -to O -further O -cardiac O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -desensitization O -rather O -than O -to O -impairment O -of O -autonomic O -regulation O -of O -the O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -suggest O -that O -, O -in O -normal O -conscious O -rats O -, O -the O -central O -tachycardia O -of O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -appears O -to O -predominate O -and O -to O -mask O -the O -bradycardia O -of O -this O -agonist O -at O -peripheral O -dopamine B-Chemical -D2 O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -developmental O -analysis O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -' O -s O -effects O -on O -cardiac O -rate O -and O -ultrasound O -production O -in O -infant O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -controlled O -conditions O -, O -infant O -rats O -emit O -ultrasonic O -vocalizations O -during O -extreme O -cold O -exposure O -and O -after O -administration O -of O -the O -alpha O -( O -2 O -) O -adrenoceptor O -agonist O -, O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -investigations O -have O -determined O -that O -, O -in O -response O -to O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -ultrasound O -production O -increases O -through O -the O -2nd O -- O -week O -postpartum O -and O -decreases O -thereafter O -. O - -aps B-category -Given O -that O -sympathetic O -neural O -dominance O -exhibits O -a O -similar O -developmental O -pattern O -, O -and O -given O -that O -clonidine B-Chemical -induces O -sympathetic O -withdrawal O -and O -bradycardia O -, O -we O -hypothesized O -that O -clonidine B-Chemical -' O -s O -developmental O -effects O -on O -cardiac O -rate O -and O -ultrasound O -production O -would O -mirror O -each O -other O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -in O -the O -present O -experiment O -, O -the O -effects O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -administration O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -on O -cardiac O -rate O -and O -ultrasound O -production O -were O -examined O -in O -2 O -- O -, O -8 O -- O -, O -15 O -- O -, O -and O -20 O -- O -day O -- O -old O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Age O -- O -related O -changes O -in O -ultrasound O -production O -corresponded O -with O -changes O -in O -cardiovascular O -variables O -, O -including O -baseline O -cardiac O -rate O -and O -clonidine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -bradycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -experiment O -is O -discussed O -with O -regard O -to O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -ultrasound O -production O -is O -the O -acoustic O -by O -- O -product O -of O -a O -physiological O -maneuver O -that O -compensates O -for O -clonidine B-Chemical -' O -s O -detrimental O -effects O -on O -cardiovascular O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Recurrent O -use O -of O -newer O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -and O -the O -risk O -of O -venous O -thromboembolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -epidemiological O -studies O -that O -assessed O -the O -risk O -of O -venous O -thromboembolism O -( O -VTE O -) O -associated O -with O -newer O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -( O -OC B-Chemical -) O -did O -not O -distinguish O -between O -patterns O -of O -OC B-Chemical -use O -, O -namely O -first O -- O -time O -users O -, O -repeaters O -and O -switchers O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -from O -a O -Transnational O -case O -- O -control O -study O -were O -used O -to O -assess O -the O -risk O -of O -VTE O -for O -the O -latter O -patterns O -of O -use O -, O -while O -accounting O -for O -duration O -of O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Over O -the O -period O -1993 O -- O -1996 O -, O -551 O -cases O -of O -VTE O -were O -identified O -in O -Germany O -and O -the O -UK O -along O -with O -2066 O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Totals O -of O -128 O -cases O -and O -650 O -controls O -were O -analysed O -for O -repeat O -use O -and O -135 O -cases O -and O -622 O -controls O -for O -switching O -patterns O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adjusted O -rate O -ratio O -of O -VTE O -for O -repeat O -users O -of O -third O -generation O -OC B-Chemical -was O -0 O -. O -6 O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -: O -0 O -. O -3 O -- O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -relative O -to O -repeat O -users O -of O -second O -generation O -pills O -, O -whereas O -it O -was O -1 O -. O -3 O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -: O -0 O -. O -7 O -- O -2 O -. O -4 O -) O -for O -switchers O -from O -second O -to O -third O -generation O -pills O -relative O -to O -switchers O -from O -third O -to O -second O -generation O -pills O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -second O -and O -third O -generation O -agents O -are O -associated O -with O -equivalent O -risks O -of O -VTE O -when O -the O -same O -agent O -is O -used O -repeatedly O -after O -interruption O -periods O -or O -when O -users O -are O -switched O -between O -the O -two O -generations O -of O -pills O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -analyses O -suggest O -that O -the O -higher O -risk O -observed O -for O -the O -newer O -OC B-Chemical -in O -other O -studies O -may O -be O -the O -result O -of O -inadequate O -comparisons O -of O -pill O -users O -with O -different O -patterns O -of O -pill O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -effects O -of O -systemically O -administered O -ketamine B-Chemical -and O -lidocaine B-Chemical -on O -dynamic O -and O -static O -hyperalgesia O -induced O -by O -intradermal O -capsaicin B-Chemical -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -examined O -the O -effect O -of O -systemic O -administration O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -and O -lidocaine B-Chemical -on O -brush O -- O -evoked O -( O -dynamic O -) O -pain O -and O -punctate O -- O -evoked O -( O -static O -) O -hyperalgesia O -induced O -by O -capsaicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -, O -crossover O -study O -, O -we O -studied O -12 O -volunteers O -in O -three O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -Capsaicin B-Chemical -100 O -micrograms O -was O -injected O -intradermally O -on O -the O -volar O -forearm O -followed O -by O -an O -i O -. O -v O -. O -infusion O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -( O -bolus O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -over O -10 O -min O -followed O -by O -infusion O -of O -7 O -micrograms O -kg O -- O -1 O -min O -- O -1 O -) O -, O -lidocaine B-Chemical -5 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -or O -saline O -for O -50 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Infusion O -started O -15 O -min O -after O -injection O -of O -capsaicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -were O -measured O -: O -spontaneous O -pain O -, O -pain O -evoked O -by O -punctate O -and O -brush O -stimuli O -( O -VAS O -) O -, O -and O -areas O -of O -brush O -- O -evoked O -and O -punctate O -- O -evoked O -hyperalgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Ketamine B-Chemical -reduced O -both O -the O -area O -of O -brush O -- O -evoked O -and O -punctate O -- O -evoked O -hyperalgesia O -significantly O -and O -it O -tended O -to O -reduce O -brush O -- O -evoked O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -Lidocaine B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -area O -of O -punctate O -- O -evoked O -hyperalgesia O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -tended O -to O -reduce O -VAS O -scores O -of O -spontaneous O -pain O -but O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -evoked O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -differential O -effects O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -and O -lidocaine B-Chemical -on O -static O -and O -dynamic O -hyperalgesia O -suggest O -that O -the O -two O -types O -of O -hyperalgesia O -are O -mediated O -by O -separate O -mechanisms O -and O -have O -a O -distinct O -pharmacology O -. O - -aps B-category -Development O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -aggressive O -behavior O -: O -comparison O -of O -adult O -male O -and O -female O -Wistar O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -development O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -( O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -s O -. O -c O -. O -once O -daily O -) O -aggressive O -behavior O -of O -adult O -male O -and O -female O -Wistar O -rats O -obtained O -from O -the O -same O -breeder O -was O -studied O -in O -two O -consecutive O -sets O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -male O -animals O -, O -repeated O -apomorphine B-Chemical -treatment O -induced O -a O -gradual O -development O -of O -aggressive O -behavior O -as O -evidenced O -by O -the O -increased O -intensity O -of O -aggressiveness O -and O -shortened O -latency O -before O -the O -first O -attack O -toward O -the O -opponent O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -female O -rats O -, O -only O -a O -weak O -tendency O -toward O -aggressiveness O -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -the O -present O -study O -demonstrates O -gender O -differences O -in O -the O -development O -of O -the O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -aggressive O -behavior O -and O -indicates O -that O -the O -female O -rats O -do O -not O -fill O -the O -validation O -criteria O -for O -use O -in O -this O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracranial O -aneurysms O -and O -cocaine O -abuse O -: O -analysis O -of O -prognostic O -indicators O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -The O -outcome O -of O -subarachnoid O -hemorrhage O -associated O -with O -cocaine O -abuse O -is O -reportedly O -poor O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -no O -study O -in O -the O -literature O -has O -reported O -the O -use O -of O -a O -statistical O -model O -to O -analyze O -the O -variables O -that O -influence O -outcome O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -A O -review O -of O -admissions O -during O -a O -6 O -- O -year O -period O -revealed O -14 O -patients O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -related O -aneurysms O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -group O -was O -compared O -with O -a O -control O -group O -of O -135 O -patients O -with O -ruptured O -aneurysms O -and O -no O -history O -of O -cocaine O -abuse O -. O - -aps B-category -Age O -at O -presentation O -, O -time O -of O -ictus O -after O -intoxication O -, O -Hunt O -and O -Hess O -grade O -of O -subarachnoid O -hemorrhage O -, O -size O -of O -the O -aneurysm O -, O -location O -of O -the O -aneurysm O -, O -and O -the O -Glasgow O -Outcome O -Scale O -score O -were O -assessed O -and O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -patients O -in O -the O -study O -group O -were O -significantly O -younger O -than O -the O -patients O -in O -the O -control O -group O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -002 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -in O -the O -study O -group O -, O -all O -aneurysms O -were O -located O -in O -the O -anterior O -circulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -majority O -of O -these O -aneurysms O -were O -smaller O -than O -those O -of O -the O -control O -group O -( O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -. O -08 O -mm O -versus O -11 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -. O -4 O -mm O -; O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -differences O -in O -mortality O -and O -morbidity O -between O -the O -two O -groups O -were O -not O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -Hunt O -and O -Hess O -grade O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -and O -age O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -007 O -) O -were O -significant O -predictors O -of O -outcome O -for O -the O -patients O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -related O -aneurysms O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Cocaine B-Chemical -use O -predisposed O -aneurysmal O -rupture O -at O -a O -significantly O -earlier O -age O -and O -in O -much O -smaller O -aneurysms O -. O - -aps B-category -Contrary O -to O -the O -published O -literature O -, O -this O -group O -did O -reasonably O -well O -with O -aggressive O -management O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -intravenous O -nimodipine B-Chemical -on O -blood O -pressure O -and O -outcome O -after O -acute O -stroke O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -AND O -PURPOSE O -: O -The O -Intravenous O -Nimodipine B-Chemical -West O -European O -Stroke O -Trial O -( O -INWEST O -) O -found O -a O -correlation O -between O -nimodipine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -reduction O -in O -blood O -pressure O -( O -BP O -) O -and O -an O -unfavorable O -outcome O -in O -acute O -stroke O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -sought O -to O -confirm O -this O -correlation O -with O -and O -without O -adjustment O -for O -prognostic O -variables O -and O -to O -investigate O -outcome O -in O -subgroups O -with O -increasing O -levels O -of O -BP O -reduction O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Patients O -with O -a O -clinical O -diagnosis O -of O -ischemic O -stroke O -( O -within O -24 O -hours O -) O -were O -consecutively O -allocated O -to O -receive O -placebo O -( O -n O -= O -100 O -) O -, O -1 O -mg O -/ O -h O -( O -low O -- O -dose O -) O -nimodipine B-Chemical -( O -n O -= O -101 O -) O -, O -or O -2 O -mg O -/ O -h O -( O -high O -- O -dose O -) O -nimodipine B-Chemical -( O -n O -= O -94 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -correlation O -between O -average O -BP O -change O -during O -the O -first O -2 O -days O -and O -the O -outcome O -at O -day O -21 O -was O -analyzed O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Two O -hundred O -sixty O -- O -five O -patients O -were O -included O -in O -this O -analysis O -( O -n O -= O -92 O -, O -93 O -, O -and O -80 O -for O -placebo O -, O -low O -dose O -, O -and O -high O -dose O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Nimodipine B-Chemical -treatment O -resulted O -in O -a O -statistically O -significant O -reduction O -in O -systolic O -BP O -( O -SBP O -) O -and O -diastolic O -BP O -( O -DBP O -) O -from O -baseline O -compared O -with O -placebo O -during O -the O -first O -few O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -multivariate O -analysis O -, O -a O -significant O -correlation O -between O -DBP O -reduction O -and O -worsening O -of O -the O -neurological O -score O -was O -found O -for O -the O -high O -- O -dose O -group O -( O -beta O -= O -0 O -. O -49 O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -048 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -a O -DBP O -reduction O -of O -> O -or O -= O -20 O -% O -in O -the O -high O -- O -dose O -group O -had O -a O -significantly O -increased O -adjusted O -OR O -for O -the O -compound O -outcome O -variable O -death O -or O -dependency O -( O -Barthel O -Index O -< O -60 O -) O -( O -n O -/ O -N O -= O -25 O -/ O -26 O -, O -OR O -10 O -. O -16 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -1 O -. O -02 O -to O -101 O -. O -74 O -) O -and O -death O -alone O -( O -n O -/ O -N O -= O -9 O -/ O -26 O -, O -OR O -4 O -. O -336 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -1 O -. O -131 O -16 O -. O -619 O -) O -compared O -with O -all O -placebo O -patients O -( O -n O -/ O -N O -= O -62 O -/ O -92 O -and O -14 O -/ O -92 O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -correlation O -between O -SBP O -change O -and O -outcome O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -DBP O -, O -but O -not O -SBP O -, O -reduction O -was O -associated O -with O -neurological O -worsening O -after O -the O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -high O -- O -dose O -nimodipine B-Chemical -after O -acute O -stroke O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -low O -- O -dose O -nimodipine B-Chemical -, O -the O -results O -were O -not O -conclusive O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -do O -not O -confirm O -or O -exclude O -a O -neuroprotective O -property O -of O -nimodipine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neonatal O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -responsive O -convulsions O -due O -to O -isoniazid B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -17 O -- O -day O -- O -old O -infant O -on O -isoniazid B-Chemical -therapy O -13 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -daily O -from O -birth O -because O -of O -maternal O -tuberculosis O -was O -admitted O -after O -4 O -days O -of O -clonic O -fits O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -underlying O -infective O -or O -biochemical O -cause O -could O -be O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fits O -ceased O -within O -4 O -hours O -of O -administering O -intramuscular O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -an O -aetiology O -of O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -deficiency O -secondary O -to O -isoniazid B-Chemical -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -Ketamine B-Chemical -sedation O -for O -the O -reduction O -of O -children O -' O -s O -fractures O -in O -the O -emergency O -department O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -There O -recently O -has O -been O -a O -resurgence O -in O -the O -utilization O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -, O -a O -unique O -anesthetic O -, O -for O -emergency O -- O -department O -procedures O -requiring O -sedation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -the O -present O -study O -was O -to O -examine O -the O -safety O -and O -efficacy O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -for O -sedation O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -children O -' O -s O -fractures O -in O -the O -emergency O -department O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -One O -hundred O -and O -fourteen O -children O -( O -average O -age O -, O -5 O -. O -3 O -years O -; O -range O -, O -twelve O -months O -to O -ten O -years O -and O -ten O -months O -) O -who O -underwent O -closed O -reduction O -of O -an O -isolated O -fracture O -or O -dislocation O -in O -the O -emergency O -department O -at O -a O -level O -- O -I O -trauma O -center O -were O -prospectively O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Ketamine B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -was O -administered O -intravenously O -( O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -two O -milligrams O -per O -kilogram O -of O -body O -weight O -) O -in O -ninety O -- O -nine O -of O -the O -patients O -and O -intramuscularly O -( O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -four O -milligrams O -per O -kilogram O -of O -body O -weight O -) O -in O -the O -other O -fifteen O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -board O -- O -certified O -emergency O -physician O -skilled O -in O -airway O -management O -supervised O -administration O -of O -the O -anesthetic O -, O -and O -the O -patients O -were O -monitored O -by O -a O -registered O -nurse O -. O - -aps B-category -Any O -pain O -during O -the O -reduction O -was O -rated O -by O -the O -orthopaedic O -surgeon O -treating O -the O -patient O -according O -to O -the O -Children O -' O -s O -Hospital O -of O -Eastern O -Ontario O -Pain O -Scale O -( O -CHEOPS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -average O -time O -from O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -to O -manipulation O -of O -the O -fracture O -or O -dislocation O -was O -one O -minute O -and O -thirty O -- O -six O -seconds O -( O -range O -, O -twenty O -seconds O -to O -five O -minutes O -) O -, O -and O -the O -average O -time O -from O -intramuscular O -administration O -to O -manipulation O -was O -four O -minutes O -and O -forty O -- O -two O -seconds O -( O -range O -, O -sixty O -seconds O -to O -fifteen O -minutes O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -score O -according O -to O -the O -Children O -' O -s O -Hospital O -of O -Eastern O -Ontario O -Pain O -Scale O -was O -6 O -. O -4 O -points O -( O -range O -, O -5 O -to O -10 O -points O -) O -, O -reflecting O -minimal O -or O -no O -pain O -during O -fracture O -reduction O -. O - -aps B-category -Adequate O -fracture O -reduction O -was O -obtained O -in O -111 O -of O -the O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -Ninety O -- O -nine O -percent O -( O -sixty O -- O -eight O -) O -of O -the O -sixty O -- O -nine O -parents O -present O -during O -the O -reduction O -were O -pleased O -with O -the O -sedation O -and O -would O -allow O -it O -to O -be O -used O -again O -in O -a O -similar O -situation O -. O - -aps B-category -Patency O -of O -the O -airway O -and O -independent O -respiration O -were O -maintained O -in O -all O -of O -the O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -remained O -stable O -. O - -aps B-category -Minor O -side O -effects O -included O -nausea O -( O -thirteen O -patients O -) O -, O -emesis O -( O -eight O -of O -the O -thirteen O -patients O -with O -nausea O -) O -, O -clumsiness O -( O -evident O -as O -ataxic O -movements O -in O -ten O -patients O -) O -, O -and O -dysphoric O -reaction O -( O -one O -patient O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -long O -- O -term O -sequelae O -were O -noted O -, O -and O -no O -patients O -had O -hallucinations O -or O -nightmares O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Ketamine B-Chemical -reliably O -, O -safely O -, O -and O -quickly O -provided O -adequate O -sedation O -to O -effectively O -facilitate O -the O -reduction O -of O -children O -' O -s O -fractures O -in O -the O -emergency O -department O -at O -our O -institution O -. O - -aps B-category -Ketamine B-Chemical -should O -only O -be O -used O -in O -an O -environment O -such O -as O -the O -emergency O -department O -, O -where O -proper O -one O -- O -on O -- O -one O -monitoring O -is O -used O -and O -board O -- O -certified O -physicians O -skilled O -in O -airway O -management O -are O -directly O -involved O -in O -the O -care O -of O -the O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclosporine B-Chemical -and O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -- O -associated O -thrombotic O -microangiopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -development O -of O -thrombotic O -microangiopathy O -( O -TMA O -) O -associated O -with O -the O -use O -of O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -has O -been O -well O -documented O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatments O -have O -included O -discontinuation O -or O -reduction O -of O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -dose O -with O -or O -without O -concurrent O -plasma O -exchange O -, O -plasma O -infusion O -, O -anticoagulation O -, O -and O -intravenous O -immunoglobulin O -G O -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -for O -recipients O -of O -organ O -transplantation O -, O -removing O -the O -inciting O -agent O -is O -not O -without O -the O -attendant O -risk O -of O -precipitating O -acute O -rejection O -and O -graft O -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -last O -decade O -has O -seen O -the O -emergence O -of O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -as O -a O -potent O -immunosuppressive O -agent O -with O -mechanisms O -of O -action O -virtually O -identical O -to O -those O -of O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -result O -, O -switching O -to O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -has O -been O -reported O -to O -be O -a O -viable O -therapeutic O -option O -in O -the O -setting O -of O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -TMA O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -more O -widespread O -application O -of O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -in O -organ O -transplantation O -, O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -- O -associated O -TMA O -has O -also O -been O -recognized O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -literature O -regarding O -the O -incidence O -of O -the O -recurrence O -of O -TMA O -in O -patients O -exposed O -sequentially O -to O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -and O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -is O -limited O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -a O -living O -donor O -renal O -transplant O -recipient O -who O -developed O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -TMA O -that O -responded O -to O -the O -withdrawal O -of O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -in O -conjunction O -with O -plasmapheresis O -and O -fresh O -frozen O -plasma O -replacement O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Introduction O -of O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -as O -an O -alternative O -immunosuppressive O -agent O -resulted O -in O -the O -recurrence O -of O -TMA O -and O -the O -subsequent O -loss O -of O -the O -renal O -allograft O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -who O -are O -switched O -from O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -to O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -or O -vice O -versa O -should O -be O -closely O -monitored O -for O -the O -signs O -and O -symptoms O -of O -recurrent O -TMA O -. O - -aps B-category -Analgesic O -effect O -of O -intravenous O -ketamine B-Chemical -in O -cancer O -patients O -on O -morphine B-Chemical -therapy O -: O -a O -randomized O -, O -controlled O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -crossover O -, O -double O -- O -dose O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Pain O -not O -responsive O -to O -morphine B-Chemical -is O -often O -problematic O -. O - -aps B-category -Animal O -and O -clinical O -studies O -have O -suggested O -that O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -( O -NMDA B-Chemical -) O -antagonists O -, O -such O -as O -ketamine B-Chemical -, O -may O -be O -effective O -in O -improving O -opioid O -analgesia O -in O -difficult O -pain O -syndromes O -, O -such O -as O -neuropathic O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -slow O -bolus O -of O -subhypnotic O -doses O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -or O -0 O -. O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -was O -given O -to O -10 O -cancer O -patients O -whose O -pain O -was O -unrelieved O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -a O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -crossover O -, O -double O -- O -dose O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Pain O -intensity O -on O -a O -0 O -to O -10 O -numerical O -scale O -; O -nausea O -and O -vomiting O -, O -drowsiness O -, O -confusion O -, O -and O -dry O -mouth O -, O -using O -a O -scale O -from O -0 O -to O -3 O -( O -not O -at O -all O -, O -slight O -, O -a O -lot O -, O -awful O -) O -; O -Mini O -- O -Mental O -State O -Examination O -( O -MMSE O -) O -( O -0 O -- O -30 O -) O -; O -and O -arterial O -pressure O -were O -recorded O -before O -administration O -of O -drugs O -( O -T0 O -) O -and O -after O -30 O -minutes O -( O -T30 O -) O -, O -60 O -minutes O -( O -T60 O -) O -, O -120 O -minutes O -( O -T120 O -) O -, O -and O -180 O -minutes O -( O -T180 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Ketamine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -saline O -solution O -, O -significantly O -reduced O -the O -pain O -intensity O -in O -almost O -all O -the O -patients O -at O -both O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -was O -more O -relevant O -in O -patients O -treated O -with O -higher O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Hallucinations O -occurred O -in O -4 O -patients O -, O -and O -an O -unpleasant O -sensation O -( O -" O -empty O -head O -" O -) O -was O -also O -reported O -by O -2 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -episodes O -reversed O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -1 O -mg O -intravenously O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -increases O -in O -drowsiness O -were O -reported O -in O -patients O -treated O -with O -ketamine B-Chemical -in O -both O -groups O -and O -were O -more O -marked O -with O -ketamine B-Chemical -0 O -. O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -difference O -in O -MMSE O -was O -observed O -at O -T30 O -in O -patients O -who O -received O -0 O -. O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ketamine B-Chemical -can O -improve O -morphine B-Chemical -analgesia O -in O -difficult O -pain O -syndromes O -, O -such O -as O -neuropathic O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -occurrence O -of O -central O -adverse O -effects O -should O -be O -taken O -into O -account O -, O -especially O -when O -using O -higher O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -observation O -should O -be O -tested O -in O -studies O -of O -prolonged O -ketamine B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Paclitaxel B-Chemical -, O -cisplatin B-Chemical -, O -and O -gemcitabine B-Chemical -combination O -chemotherapy O -within O -a O -multidisciplinary O -therapeutic O -approach O -in O -metastatic O -nonsmall O -cell O -lung O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Cisplatin B-Chemical -- O -based O -chemotherapy O -combinations O -improve O -quality O -of O -life O -and O -survival O -in O -advanced O -nonsmall O -cell O -lung O -carcinoma O -( O -NSCLC O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -emergence O -of O -new O -active O -drugs O -might O -translate O -into O -more O -effective O -regimens O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -this O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -The O -objective O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -the O -feasibility O -, O -response O -rate O -, O -and O -toxicity O -of O -a O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -, O -cisplatin B-Chemical -, O -and O -gemcitabine B-Chemical -combination O -to O -treat O -metastatic O -NSCLC O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -five O -consecutive O -chemotherapy O -- O -naive O -patients O -with O -Stage O -IV O -NSCLC O -and O -an O -Eastern O -Cooperative O -Oncology O -Group O -performance O -status O -of O -0 O -- O -2 O -were O -treated O -with O -a O -combination O -of O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -( O -135 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -given O -intravenously O -in O -3 O -hours O -) O -on O -Day O -1 O -, O -cisplatin B-Chemical -( O -120 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -given O -intravenously O -in O -6 O -hours O -) O -on O -Day O -1 O -, O -and O -gemcitabine B-Chemical -( O -800 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -given O -intravenously O -in O -30 O -minutes O -) O -on O -Days O -1 O -and O -8 O -, O -every O -4 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -responding O -patients O -were O -scheduled O -to O -receive O -consolidation O -radiotherapy O -and O -24 O -patients O -received O -preplanned O -second O -- O -line O -chemotherapy O -after O -disease O -progression O -, O -the O -response O -and O -toxicity O -rates O -reported O -refer O -only O -to O -the O -chemotherapy O -regimen O -given O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -All O -the O -patients O -were O -examined O -for O -toxicity O -; O -34 O -were O -examinable O -for O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -objective O -response O -was O -observed O -in O -73 O -. O -5 O -% O -of O -the O -patients O -( O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -[ O -CI O -] O -, O -55 O -. O -6 O -- O -87 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -, O -including O -4 O -complete O -responses O -( O -11 O -. O -7 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -According O -to O -intention O -- O -to O -- O -treat O -, O -the O -overall O -response O -rate O -was O -71 O -. O -4 O -% O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -53 O -. O -7 O -- O -85 O -. O -4 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -154 O -courses O -of O -therapy O -, O -the O -median O -dose O -intensity O -was O -131 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -for O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -( O -97 O -. O -3 O -% O -) O -, O -117 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -for O -cisplatin B-Chemical -( O -97 O -. O -3 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -1378 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -for O -gemcitabine B-Chemical -( O -86 O -. O -2 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -World O -Health O -Organization O -Grade O -3 O -- O -4 O -neutropenia O -and O -thrombocytopenia O -occurred O -in O -39 O -. O -9 O -% O -and O -11 O -. O -4 O -% O -of O -patients O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -one O -treatment O -- O -related O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -Nonhematologic O -toxicities O -were O -mild O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -median O -follow O -- O -up O -of O -22 O -months O -, O -the O -median O -progression O -free O -survival O -rate O -was O -7 O -months O -, O -and O -the O -median O -survival O -time O -was O -16 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -combination O -of O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -, O -cisplatin B-Chemical -, O -and O -gemcitabine B-Chemical -is O -well O -tolerated O -and O -shows O -high O -activity O -in O -metastatic O -NSCLC O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -treatment O -merits O -further O -comparison O -with O -other O -cisplatin B-Chemical -- O -based O -regimens O -. O - -aps B-category -Serotonergic B-Chemical -antidepressants I-Chemical -and O -urinary O -incontinence O -. O - -aps B-category -Many O -new O -serotonergic B-Chemical -antidepressants I-Chemical -have O -been O -introduced O -over O -the O -past O -decade O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -urinary O -incontinence O -is O -listed O -as O -one O -side O -effect O -of O -these O -drugs O -in O -their O -package O -inserts O -there O -is O -only O -one O -report O -in O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -concerns O -2 O -male O -patients O -who O -experienced O -incontinence O -while O -taking O -venlafaxine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -paper O -the O -authors O -describe O -2 O -female O -patients O -who O -developed O -incontinence O -secondary O -to O -the O -selective O -serotonin B-Chemical -reuptake O -inhibitors O -paroxetine B-Chemical -and O -sertraline B-Chemical -, O -as O -well O -as O -a O -third O -who O -developed O -this O -side O -effect O -on O -venlafaxine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -2 O -of O -the O -3 O -cases O -the O -patients O -were O -also O -taking O -lithium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -and O -beta O -- O -blockers O -, O -both O -of O -which O -could O -have O -contributed O -to O -the O -incontinence O -. O - -aps B-category -Animal O -studies O -suggest O -that O -incontinence O -secondary O -to O -serotonergic B-Chemical -antidepressants I-Chemical -could O -be O -mediated O -by O -the O -5HT4 O -receptors O -found O -on O -the O -bladder O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -research O -is O -needed O -to O -delineate O -the O -frequency O -of O -this O -troubling O -side O -effect O -and O -how O -best O -to O -treat O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -: O -differential O -sensitivity O -of O -six O -inbred O -mouse O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -Mature O -male O -and O -female O -mice O -from O -six O -inbred O -stains O -were O -tested O -for O -susceptibility O -to O -behavioral O -seizures O -induced O -by O -a O -single O -injection O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -was O -injected O -ip O -over O -a O -range O -of O -doses O -( O -50 O -- O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -behavior O -was O -monitored O -for O -20 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -Seizure O -end O -points O -included O -latency O -to O -forelimb O -or O -hindlimb O -clonus O -, O -latency O -to O -clonic O -running O -seizure O -and O -latency O -to O -jumping O -bouncing O -seizure O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -range O -of O -strain O -specific O -sensitivities O -was O -documented O -with O -A O -/ O -J O -and O -SJL O -mice O -being O -most O -sensitive O -and O -C57BL O -/ O -6J O -most O -resistant O -. O - -aps B-category -DBA O -/ O -2J O -, O -BALB O -/ O -cByJ O -and O -NZW O -/ O -LacJ O -strains O -exhibited O -intermediate O -sensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -EEG O -recordings O -were O -made O -in O -SJL O -, O -A O -/ O -J O -and O -C57BL O -/ O -6J O -mice O -revealing O -a O -close O -correspondence O -between O -electrical O -activity O -and O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -Additionally O -, O -levels O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -determined O -in O -hippocampus O -and O -cortex O -were O -not O -different O -between O -sensitive O -and O -resistant O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -Additional O -studies O -of O -these O -murine O -strains O -may O -be O -useful O -for O -investigating O -genetic O -influences O -on O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypotension O -following O -the O -initiation O -of O -tizanidine B-Chemical -in O -a O -patient O -treated O -with O -an O -angiotensin B-Chemical -converting O -enzyme O -inhibitor O -for O -chronic O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Centrally O -acting O -alpha O -- O -2 O -adrenergic O -agonists O -are O -one O -of O -several O -pharmacologic O -agents O -used O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -spasticity O -related O -to O -disorders O -of O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -their O -effects O -on O -spasticity O -, O -certain O -adverse O -cardiorespiratory O -effects O -have O -been O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Adults O -chronically O -treated O -with O -angiotensin B-Chemical -converting O -enzyme O -inhibitors O -may O -have O -a O -limited O -ability O -to O -respond O -to O -hypotension O -when O -the O -sympathetic O -response O -is O -simultaneously O -blocked O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -present O -a O -10 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -boy O -chronically O -treated O -with O -lisinopril B-Chemical -, O -an O -angiotensin B-Chemical -converting O -enzyme O -inhibitor O -, O -to O -control O -hypertension O -who O -developed O -hypotension O -following O -the O -addition O -of O -tizanidine B-Chemical -, O -an O -alpha O -- O -2 O -agonist O -, O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -spasticity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -interaction O -of O -tizanidine B-Chemical -and O -other O -antihypertensive O -agents O -should O -be O -kept O -in O -mind O -when O -prescribing O -therapy O -to O -treat O -either O -hypertension O -or O -spasticity O -in O -such O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -mouse O -lines O -selected O -for O -differential O -sensitivities O -to O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboline I-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -are O -also O -differentially O -sensitive O -to O -various O -pharmacological O -effects O -of O -other O -GABA B-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -receptor O -ligands O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -mouse O -lines O -were O -selectively O -bred O -according O -to O -their O -sensitivity O -( O -BS O -line O -) O -or O -resistance O -( O -BR O -line O -) O -to O -seizures O -induced O -by O -a O -single O -i O -. O -p O -. O -injection O -of O -methyl B-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboline I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboxylate I-Chemical -( O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -CCM I-Chemical -) O -, O -an O -inverse O -agonist O -of O -the O -GABA B-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -receptor O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -aim O -was O -to O -characterize O -both O -lines O -' O -sensitivities O -to O -various O -physiological O -effects O -of O -other O -ligands O -of O -the O -GABA B-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -measured O -diazepam B-Chemical -- O -induced O -anxiolysis O -with O -the O -elevated O -plus O -- O -maze O -test O -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -- O -induced O -sedation O -by O -recording O -the O -vigilance O -states O -, O -and O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -- O -and O -pentylenetetrazol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -after O -i O -. O -p O -. O -injections O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -presented O -here O -show O -that O -the O -differential O -sensitivities O -of O -BS O -and O -BR O -lines O -to O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -CCM I-Chemical -can O -be O -extended O -to O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -, O -and O -pentylenetetrazol B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -a O -genetic O -selection O -of O -a O -general O -sensitivity O -and O -resistance O -to O -several O -ligands O -of O -the O -GABA B-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Propylthiouracil B-Chemical -- O -induced O -perinuclear O -- O -staining O -antineutrophil O -cytoplasmic O -autoantibody O -- O -positive O -vasculitis O -in O -conjunction O -with O -pericarditis O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -describe O -a O -case O -of O -propylthiouracil B-Chemical -- O -induced O -vasculitis O -manifesting O -with O -pericarditis O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -present O -the O -first O -case O -report O -of O -a O -woman O -with O -hyperthyroidism O -treated O -with O -propylthiouracil B-Chemical -in O -whom O -a O -syndrome O -of O -pericarditis O -, O -fever O -, O -and O -glomerulonephritis O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -Serologic O -testing O -and O -immunologic O -studies O -were O -done O -, O -and O -a O -pericardial O -biopsy O -was O -performed O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -A O -25 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -Graves O -' O -disease O -had O -a O -febrile O -illness O -and O -evidence O -of O -pericarditis O -, O -which O -was O -confirmed O -by O -biopsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Serologic O -evaluation O -revealed O -the O -presence O -of O -perinuclear O -- O -staining O -antineutrophil O -cytoplasmic O -autoantibodies O -( O -pANCA O -) O -against O -myeloperoxidase O -( O -MPO O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Propylthiouracil B-Chemical -therapy O -was O -withdrawn O -, O -and O -she O -was O -treated O -with O -a O -1 O -- O -month O -course O -of O -prednisone B-Chemical -, O -which O -alleviated O -her O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -literature O -review O -revealed O -no O -prior O -reports O -of O -pericarditis O -in O -anti O -- O -MPO O -pANCA O -- O -positive O -vasculitis O -associated O -with O -propylthio B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -uracil I-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Pericarditis O -may O -be O -the O -initial O -manifestation O -of O -drug O -- O -induced O -vasculitis O -attributable O -to O -propylthio B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -uracil I-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Repeated O -transient O -anuria O -following O -losartan B-Chemical -administration O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -a O -solitary O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -case O -of O -a O -70 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -hypertensive O -man O -with O -a O -solitary O -kidney O -and O -chronic O -renal O -insufficiency O -who O -developed O -two O -episodes O -of O -transient O -anuria O -after O -losartan B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -was O -hospitalized O -for O -a O -myocardial O -infarction O -with O -pulmonary O -edema O -, O -treated O -with O -high O -- O -dose O -diuretics O -. O - -aps B-category -Due O -to O -severe O -systolic O -dysfunction O -losartan B-Chemical -was O -prescribed O -. O - -aps B-category -Surprisingly O -, O -the O -first O -dose O -of O -50 O -mg O -of O -losartan B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -a O -sudden O -anuria O -, O -which O -lasted O -eight O -hours O -despite O -high O -- O -dose O -furosemide B-Chemical -and O -amine B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -week O -later O -, O -by O -mistake O -, O -losartan B-Chemical -was O -prescribed O -again O -and O -after O -the O -second O -dose O -of O -50 O -mg O -, O -the O -patient O -developed O -a O -second O -episode O -of O -transient O -anuria O -lasting O -10 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -these O -two O -episodes O -, O -his O -blood O -pressure O -diminished O -but O -no O -severe O -hypotension O -was O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -Ultimately O -, O -an O -arteriography O -showed O -a O -70 O -- O -80 O -% O -renal O -artery O -stenosis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -patient O -, O -renal O -artery O -stenosis O -combined O -with O -heart O -failure O -and O -diuretic O -therapy O -certainly O -resulted O -in O -a O -strong O -activation O -of O -the O -renin O -- O -angiotensin B-Chemical -system O -( O -RAS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -such O -conditions O -, O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -receptor O -blockade O -by O -losartan B-Chemical -probably O -induced O -a O -critical O -fall O -in O -glomerular O -filtration O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -report O -highlights O -the O -fact O -that O -the O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -receptor O -antagonist O -losartan B-Chemical -can O -cause O -serious O -unexpected O -complications O -in O -patients O -with O -renovascular O -disease O -and O -should O -be O -used O -with O -extreme O -caution O -in O -this O -setting O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcineurin O -- O -inhibitor O -induced O -pain O -syndrome O -( O -CIPS O -) O -: O -a O -severe O -disabling O -complication O -after O -organ O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -Bone O -pain O -after O -transplantation O -is O -a O -frequent O -complication O -that O -can O -be O -caused O -by O -several O -diseases O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -strategies O -depend O -on O -the O -correct O -diagnosis O -of O -the O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -Nine O -patients O -with O -severe O -pain O -in O -their O -feet O -, O -which O -was O -registered O -after O -transplantation O -, O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Bone O -scans O -showed O -an O -increased O -tracer O -uptake O -of O -the O -foot O -bones O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnetic O -resonance O -imaging O -demonstrated O -bone O -marrow O -oedema O -in O -the O -painful O -bones O -. O - -aps B-category -Pain O -was O -not O -explained O -by O -other O -diseases O -causing O -foot O -pain O -, O -like O -reflex O -sympathetic O -dystrophy O -, O -polyneuropathy O -, O -Morton O -' O -s O -neuralgia O -, O -gout O -, O -osteoporosis O -, O -avascular O -necrosis O -, O -intermittent O -claudication O -, O -orthopaedic O -foot O -deformities O -, O -stress O -fractures O -, O -and O -hyperparathyroidism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduction O -of O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -- O -or O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -trough O -levels O -and O -the O -administration O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blockers O -led O -to O -relief O -of O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Calcineurin O -- O -inhibitor O -Induced O -Pain O -Syndrome O -( O -CIPS O -) O -is O -a O -rare O -but O -severe O -side O -effect O -of O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -or O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -and O -is O -accurately O -diagnosed O -by O -its O -typical O -presentation O -, O -magnetic O -resonance O -imaging O -and O -bone O -scans O -. O - -aps B-category -Incorrect O -diagnosis O -of O -the O -syndrome O -will O -lead O -to O -a O -significant O -reduction O -of O -life O -quality O -in O -patients O -suffering O -from O -CIPS O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -natriuretic O -peptide O -is O -a O -predictor O -of O -anthracycline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Anthracyclines B-Chemical -are O -effective O -antineoplastic O -drugs O -, O -but O -they O -frequently O -cause O -dose O -- O -related O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cardiotoxicity O -of O -conventional O -anthracycline B-Chemical -therapy O -highlights O -a O -need O -to O -search O -for O -methods O -that O -are O -highly O -sensitive O -and O -capable O -of O -predicting O -cardiac O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -measured O -the O -plasma O -level O -of O -brain O -natriuretic O -peptide O -( O -BNP O -) O -to O -determine O -whether O -BNP O -might O -serve O -as O -a O -simple O -diagnostic O -indicator O -of O -anthracycline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -in O -patients O -with O -acute O -leukemia O -treated O -with O -a O -daunorubicin B-Chemical -( O -DNR B-Chemical -) O -- O -containing O -regimen O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirteen O -patients O -with O -acute O -leukemia O -were O -treated O -with O -a O -DNR B-Chemical -- O -containing O -regimen O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -functions O -were O -evaluated O -with O -radionuclide O -angiography O -before O -chemotherapies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -plasma O -levels O -of O -atrial O -natriuretic O -peptide O -( O -ANP O -) O -and O -BNP O -were O -measured O -at O -the O -time O -of O -radionuclide O -angiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -patients O -developed O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -after O -the O -completion O -of O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -patients O -were O -diagnosed O -as O -having O -subclinical O -heart O -failure O -after O -the O -completion O -of O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -plasma O -levels O -of O -BNP O -in O -all O -the O -patients O -with O -clinical O -and O -subclinical O -heart O -failure O -increased O -above O -the O -normal O -limit O -( O -40 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -) O -before O -the O -detection O -of O -clinical O -or O -subclinical O -heart O -failure O -by O -radionuclide O -angiography O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -BNP O -did O -not O -increase O -in O -the O -patients O -without O -heart O -failure O -given O -DNR B-Chemical -, O -even O -at O -more O -than O -700 O -mg O -/ O -m O -( O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -plasma O -level O -of O -ANP O -did O -not O -always O -increase O -in O -all O -the O -patients O -with O -clinical O -and O -subclinical O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -preliminary O -results O -suggest O -that O -BNP O -may O -be O -useful O -as O -an O -early O -and O -sensitive O -indicator O -of O -anthracycline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Nephrotoxicity O -of O -combined O -cephalothin B-Chemical -- O -gentamicin B-Chemical -regimen O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -developed O -acute O -tubular O -necrosis O -, O -characterized O -clinically O -by O -acute O -oliguric O -renal O -failure O -, O -while O -they O -were O -receiving O -a O -combination O -of O -cephalothin B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -and O -gentamicin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -who O -are O -given O -this O -drug O -regimen O -should O -be O -observed O -very O -carefully O -for O -early O -signs O -of O -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -doses O -of O -this O -antibiotic O -combination O -should O -be O -avoided O -especially O -in O -elderly O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -renal O -insufficiency O -should O -not O -be O -given O -this O -regimen O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -protection O -of O -dna O -damage O -associated O -apoptotic O -and O -necrotic O -cell O -deaths O -during O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrotoxicity O -, O -amiodarone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -lung O -toxicity O -and O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -by O -a O -novel O -IH636 B-Chemical -grape I-Chemical -seed I-Chemical -proanthocyanidin I-Chemical -extract I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Grape B-Chemical -seed I-Chemical -extract I-Chemical -, O -primarily O -a O -mixture O -of O -proanthocyanidins B-Chemical -, O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -modulate O -a O -wide O -- O -range O -of O -biological O -, O -pharmacological O -and O -toxicological O -effects O -which O -are O -mainly O -cytoprotective O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -assessed O -the O -ability O -of O -IH636 B-Chemical -grape I-Chemical -seed I-Chemical -proanthocyanidin I-Chemical -extract I-Chemical -( O -GSPE B-Chemical -) O -to O -prevent O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -( O -AAP B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -nephrotoxicity O -, O -amiodarone B-Chemical -( O -AMI B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -lung O -toxicity O -, O -and O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -DOX B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -design O -consisted O -of O -four O -groups O -: O -control O -( O -vehicle O -alone O -) O -, O -GSPE B-Chemical -alone O -, O -drug O -alone O -and O -GSPE B-Chemical -+ O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -the O -cytoprotection O -study O -, O -animals O -were O -orally O -gavaged O -100 O -mg O -/ O -Kg O -GSPE B-Chemical -for O -7 O -- O -10 O -days O -followed O -by O -i O -. O -p O -. O -injections O -of O -organ O -specific O -three O -drugs O -( O -AAP B-Chemical -: O -500 O -mg O -/ O -Kg O -for O -24 O -h O -; O -AMI B-Chemical -: O -50 O -mg O -/ O -Kg O -/ O -day O -for O -four O -days O -; O -DOX B-Chemical -: O -20 O -mg O -/ O -Kg O -for O -48 O -h O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Parameters O -of O -study O -included O -analysis O -of O -serum O -chemistry O -( O -ALT O -, O -BUN O -and O -CPK O -) O -, O -and O -orderly O -fragmentation O -of O -genomic O -DNA O -( O -both O -endonuclease O -- O -dependent O -and O -independent O -) O -in O -addition O -to O -microscopic O -evaluation O -of O -damage O -and O -/ O -or O -protection O -in O -corresponding O -PAS O -stained O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -indicate O -that O -GSPE B-Chemical -preexposure O -prior O -to O -AAP B-Chemical -, O -AMI B-Chemical -and O -DOX B-Chemical -, O -provided O -near O -complete O -protection O -in O -terms O -of O -serum O -chemistry O -changes O -( O -ALT O -, O -BUN O -and O -CPK O -) O -, O -and O -significantly O -reduced O -DNA O -fragmentation O -. O - -aps B-category -Histopathological O -examination O -of O -kidney O -, O -heart O -and O -lung O -sections O -revealed O -moderate O -to O -massive O -tissue O -damage O -with O -a O -variety O -of O -morphological O -aberrations O -by O -all O -the O -three O -drugs O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -GSPE B-Chemical -preexposure O -than O -in O -its O -presence O -. O - -aps B-category -GSPE B-Chemical -+ O -drug O -exposed O -tissues O -exhibited O -minor O -residual O -damage O -or O -near O -total O -recovery O -. O - -aps B-category -Additionally O -, O -histopathological O -alterations O -mirrored O -both O -serum O -chemistry O -changes O -and O -the O -pattern O -of O -DNA O -fragmentation O -. O - -aps B-category -Interestingly O -, O -all O -the O -drugs O -, O -such O -as O -, O -AAP B-Chemical -, O -AMI B-Chemical -and O -DOX B-Chemical -induced O -apoptotic O -death O -in O -addition O -to O -necrosis O -in O -the O -respective O -organs O -which O -was O -very O -effectively O -blocked O -by O -GSPE B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -AAP B-Chemical -, O -AMI B-Chemical -and O -DOX B-Chemical -undergo O -biotransformation O -and O -are O -known O -to O -produce O -damaging O -radicals O -in O -vivo O -, O -the O -protection O -by O -GSPE B-Chemical -may O -be O -linked O -to O -both O -inhibition O -of O -metabolism O -and O -/ O -or O -detoxification O -of O -cytotoxic O -radicals O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -its O -' O -presumed O -contribution O -to O -DNA O -repair O -may O -be O -another O -important O -attribute O -, O -which O -played O -a O -role O -in O -the O -chemoprevention O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -Additionally O -, O -this O -may O -have O -been O -the O -first O -report O -on O -AMI B-Chemical -- O -induced O -apoptotic O -death O -in O -the O -lung O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Taken O -together O -, O -these O -events O -undoubtedly O -establish O -GSPE B-Chemical -' O -s O -abundant O -bioavailability O -, O -and O -the O -power O -to O -defend O -multiple O -target O -organs O -from O -toxic O -assaults O -induced O -by O -structurally O -diverse O -and O -functionally O -different O -entities O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Antidepressant B-Chemical -- O -induced O -mania O -in O -bipolar O -patients O -: O -identification O -of O -risk O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Concerns O -about O -possible O -risks O -of O -switching O -to O -mania O -associated O -with O -antidepressants B-Chemical -continue O -to O -interfere O -with O -the O -establishment O -of O -an O -optimal O -treatment O -paradigm O -for O -bipolar O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -The O -response O -of O -44 O -patients O -meeting O -DSM O -- O -IV O -criteria O -for O -bipolar O -disorder O -to O -naturalistic O -treatment O -was O -assessed O -for O -at O -least O -6 O -weeks O -using O -the O -Montgomery O -- O -Asberg O -Depression O -Rating O -Scale O -and O -the O -Bech O -- O -Rafaelson O -Mania O -Rating O -Scale O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -who O -experienced O -a O -manic O -or O -hypomanic O -switch O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -who O -did O -not O -on O -several O -variables O -including O -age O -, O -sex O -, O -diagnosis O -( O -DSM O -- O -IV O -bipolar O -I O -vs O -. O -bipolar O -II O -) O -, O -number O -of O -previous O -manic O -episodes O -, O -type O -of O -antidepressant B-Chemical -therapy O -used O -( O -electroconvulsive O -therapy O -vs O -. O -antidepressant B-Chemical -drugs O -and O -, O -more O -particularly O -, O -selective O -serotonin B-Chemical -reuptake I-Chemical -inhibitors I-Chemical -[ O -SSRIs B-Chemical -] O -) O -, O -use O -and O -type O -of O -mood O -stabilizers O -( O -lithium B-Chemical -vs O -. O -anticonvulsants O -) O -, O -and O -temperament O -of O -the O -patient O -, O -assessed O -during O -a O -normothymic O -period O -using O -the O -hyperthymia O -component O -of O -the O -Semi O -- O -structured O -Affective O -Temperament O -Interview O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Switches O -to O -hypomania O -or O -mania O -occurred O -in O -27 O -% O -of O -all O -patients O -( O -N O -= O -12 O -) O -( O -and O -in O -24 O -% O -of O -the O -subgroup O -of O -patients O -treated O -with O -SSRIs B-Chemical -[ O -8 O -/ O -33 O -] O -) O -; O -16 O -% O -( O -N O -= O -7 O -) O -experienced O -manic O -episodes O -, O -and O -11 O -% O -( O -N O -= O -5 O -) O -experienced O -hypomanic O -episodes O -. O - -aps B-category -Sex O -, O -age O -, O -diagnosis O -( O -bipolar O -I O -vs O -. O -bipolar O -II O -) O -, O -and O -additional O -treatment O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -risk O -of O -switching O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -mood O -switches O -seemed O -not O -to O -differ O -between O -patients O -receiving O -an O -anticonvulsant O -and O -those O -receiving O -no O -mood O -stabilizer O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -mood O -switches O -were O -less O -frequent O -in O -patients O -receiving O -lithium B-Chemical -( O -15 O -% O -, O -4 O -/ O -26 O -) O -than O -in O -patients O -not O -treated O -with O -lithium B-Chemical -( O -44 O -% O -, O -8 O -/ O -18 O -; O -p O -= O -. O -04 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -previous O -manic O -episodes O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -probability O -of O -switching O -, O -whereas O -a O -high O -score O -on O -the O -hyperthymia O -component O -of O -the O -Semistructured O -Affective O -Temperament O -Interview O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -greater O -risk O -of O -switching O -( O -p O -= O -. O -008 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -The O -frequency O -of O -mood O -switching O -associated O -with O -acute O -antidepressant B-Chemical -therapy O -may O -be O -reduced O -by O -lithium B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Particular O -attention O -should O -be O -paid O -to O -patients O -with O -a O -hyperthymic O -temperament O -, O -who O -have O -a O -greater O -risk O -of O -mood O -switches O -. O - -aps B-category -Peritubular O -capillary O -basement O -membrane O -reduplication O -in O -allografts O -and O -native O -kidney O -disease O -: O -a O -clinicopathologic O -study O -of O -278 O -consecutive O -renal O -specimens O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -An O -association O -has O -been O -found O -between O -transplant O -glomerulopathy O -( O -TG O -) O -and O -reduplication O -of O -peritubular O -capillary O -basement O -membranes O -( O -PTCR O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -such O -an O -association O -is O -of O -practical O -and O -theoretical O -importance O -, O -only O -one O -prospective O -study O -has O -tried O -to O -confirm O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -examined O -278 O -consecutive O -renal O -specimens O -( O -from O -135 O -transplants O -and O -143 O -native O -kidneys O -) O -for O -ultrastructural O -evidence O -of O -PTCR O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -renal O -allografts O -with O -TG O -, O -we O -also O -examined O -grafts O -with O -acute O -rejection O -, O -recurrent O -glomerulonephritis O -, O -chronic O -allograft O -nephropathy O -and O -stable O -grafts O -( O -" O -protocol O -biopsies O -" O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Native O -kidney O -specimens O -included O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -glomerulopathies O -as O -well O -as O -cases O -of O -thrombotic O -microangiopathy O -, O -malignant O -hypertension O -, O -acute O -interstitial O -nephritis O -, O -and O -acute O -tubular O -necrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -We O -found O -PTCR O -in O -14 O -of O -15 O -cases O -of O -TG O -, O -in O -7 O -transplant O -biopsy O -specimens O -without O -TG O -, O -and O -in O -13 O -of O -143 O -native O -kidney O -biopsy O -specimens O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -13 O -included O -cases O -of O -malignant O -hypertension O -, O -thrombotic O -microangiopathy O -, O -lupus O -nephritis O -, O -Henoch O -- O -Schonlein O -nephritis O -, O -crescentic O -glomerulonephritis O -, O -and O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -related O -acute O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Mild O -PTCR O -in O -allografts O -without O -TG O -did O -not O -predict O -renal O -failure O -or O -significant O -proteinuria O -after O -follow O -- O -up O -periods O -of O -between O -3 O -months O -and O -1 O -year O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -We O -conclude O -that O -in O -transplants O -, O -there O -is O -a O -strong O -association O -between O -well O -- O -developed O -PTCR O -and O -TG O -, O -while O -the O -significance O -of O -mild O -PTCR O -and O -its O -predictive O -value O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -TG O -is O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -PTCR O -also O -occurs O -in O -certain O -native O -kidney O -diseases O -, O -though O -the O -association O -is O -not O -as O -strong O -as O -that O -for O -TG O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -that O -repeated O -endothelial O -injury O -, O -including O -immunologic O -injury O -, O -may O -be O -the O -cause O -of O -this O -lesion O -both O -in O -allografts O -and O -native O -kidneys O -. O - -aps B-category -Caffeine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiac O -arrhythmia O -: O -an O -unrecognised O -danger O -of O -healthfood O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -25 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -pre O -- O -existing O -mitral O -valve O -prolapse O -who O -developed O -intractable O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -after O -consuming O -a O -" O -natural O -energy O -" O -guarana O -health O -drink O -containing O -a O -high O -concentration O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -highlights O -the O -need O -for O -adequate O -labelling O -and O -regulation O -of O -such O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -Conformationally O -restricted O -analogs O -of O -BD1008 B-Chemical -and O -an O -antisense O -oligodeoxynucleotide B-Chemical -targeting O -sigma1 O -receptors O -produce O -anti O -- O -cocaine B-Chemical -effects O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -' O -s O -ability O -to O -interact O -with O -sigma O -receptors O -suggests O -that O -these O -proteins O -mediate O -some O -of O -its O -behavioral O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -three O -novel O -sigma O -receptor O -ligands O -with O -antagonist O -activity O -were O -evaluated O -in O -Swiss O -Webster O -mice O -: O -BD1018 B-Chemical -( O -3S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dichlorophenyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -ethyl I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diazabicyclo I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -. I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -. I-Chemical -0 I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -nonane I-Chemical -) O -, O -BD1063 B-Chemical -( O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dichlorophenyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -ethyl I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylpiperazine I-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -LR132 B-Chemical -( O -1R O -, O -2S O -- O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -cis O -- O -N O -- O -[ O -2 O -- O -( O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dichlorophenyl O -) O -ethyl O -] O -- O -2 O -- O -( O -1 O -- O -pyrrolidinyl O -) O -cyclohexylamine O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Competition O -binding O -assays O -demonstrated O -that O -all O -three O -compounds O -have O -high O -affinities O -for O -sigma1 O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -three O -compounds O -vary O -in O -their O -affinities O -for O -sigma2 O -receptors O -and O -exhibit O -negligible O -affinities O -for O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -opioid O -, O -GABA B-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -and O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -behavioral O -studies O -, O -pre O -- O -treatment O -of O -mice O -with O -BD1018 B-Chemical -, O -BD1063 B-Chemical -, O -or O -LR132 B-Chemical -significantly O -attenuated O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -convulsions O -and O -lethality O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -post O -- O -treatment O -with O -LR132 B-Chemical -prevented O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -lethality O -in O -a O -significant O -proportion O -of O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -to O -the O -protection O -provided O -by O -the O -putative O -antagonists O -, O -the O -well O -- O -characterized O -sigma O -receptor O -agonist O -di B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -o I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tolylguanidine I-Chemical -( O -DTG B-Chemical -) O -and O -the O -novel O -sigma O -receptor O -agonist O -BD1031 B-Chemical -( O -3R B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dichlorophenyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -ethyl I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diazabicyclo I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -. I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -. I-Chemical -0 I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -nonane I-Chemical -) O -each O -worsened O -the O -behavioral O -toxicity O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -doses O -where O -alone O -, O -they O -produced O -no O -significant O -effects O -on O -locomotion O -, O -BD1018 B-Chemical -, O -BD1063 B-Chemical -and O -LR132 B-Chemical -significantly O -attenuated O -the O -locomotor O -stimulatory O -effects O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -To O -further O -validate O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -anti O -- O -cocaine B-Chemical -effects O -of O -the O -novel O -ligands O -involved O -antagonism O -of O -sigma O -receptors O -, O -an O -antisense O -oligodeoxynucleotide B-Chemical -against O -sigma1 O -receptors O -was O -also O -shown O -to O -significantly O -attenuate O -the O -convulsive O -and O -locomotor O -stimulatory O -effects O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Together O -, O -the O -data O -suggests O -that O -functional O -antagonism O -of O -sigma O -receptors O -is O -capable O -of O -attenuating O -a O -number O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -behaviors O -. O - -aps B-category -Ranitidine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -interstitial O -nephritis O -in O -a O -cadaveric O -renal O -allograft O -. O - -aps B-category -Ranitidine B-Chemical -frequently O -is O -used O -for O -preventing O -peptic O -ulceration O -after O -renal O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -drug O -occasionally O -has O -been O -associated O -with O -acute O -interstitial O -nephritis O -in O -native O -kidneys O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -no O -similar O -reports O -with O -renal O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -ranitidine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -interstitial O -nephritis O -in O -a O -recipient O -of O -a O -cadaveric O -renal O -allograft O -presenting O -with O -acute O -allograft O -dysfunction O -within O -48 O -hours O -of O -exposure O -to O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biopsy O -specimen O -showed O -pathognomonic O -features O -, O -including O -eosinophilic O -infiltration O -of O -the O -interstitial O -compartment O -. O - -aps B-category -Allograft O -function O -improved O -rapidly O -and O -returned O -to O -baseline O -after O -stopping O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -disease O -caused O -by O -propylthiouracil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -report O -presents O -the O -clinical O -, O -laboratory O -, O -and O -light O -and O -electron O -microscopic O -observations O -on O -a O -patient O -with O -chronic O -active O -( O -aggressive O -) O -hepatitis O -caused O -by O -the O -administration O -of O -propylthiouracil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -an O -addition O -to O -the O -list O -of O -drugs O -that O -must O -be O -considered O -in O -the O -evaluation O -of O -chronic O -liver O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Withdrawal O -- O -emergent O -rabbit O -syndrome O -during O -dose O -reduction O -of O -risperidone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rabbit O -syndrome O -( O -RS O -) O -is O -a O -rare O -extrapyramidal O -side O -effect O -caused O -by O -prolonged O -neuroleptic O -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -we O -present O -a O -case O -of O -withdrawal O -- O -emergent O -RS O -, O -which O -is O -the O -first O -of O -its O -kind O -to O -be O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -developed O -RS O -during O -dose O -reduction O -of O -risperidone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -symptom O -was O -treated O -successfully O -with O -trihexyphenidyl B-Chemical -anticholinergic O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -underlying O -mechanism O -of O -withdrawal O -- O -emergent O -RS O -in O -the O -present O -case O -may O -have O -been O -related O -to O -the O -pharmacological O -profile O -of O -risperidone B-Chemical -, O -a O -serotonin B-Chemical -- O -dopamine B-Chemical -antagonist O -, O -suggesting O -the O -pathophysiologic O -influence O -of O -the O -serotonin B-Chemical -system O -in O -the O -development O -of O -RS O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacokinetic O -/ O -pharmacodynamic O -assessment O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -E4031 B-Chemical -, O -cisapride B-Chemical -, O -terfenadine B-Chemical -and O -terodiline B-Chemical -on O -monophasic O -action O -potential O -duration O -in O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Torsades O -de O -pointes O -( O -TDP O -) O -is O -a O -potentially O -fatal O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -associated O -with O -increases O -in O -QT O -interval O -and O -monophasic O -action O -potential O -duration O -( O -MAPD O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -TDP O -is O -a O -side O -- O -effect O -that O -has O -led O -to O -withdrawal O -of O -several O -drugs O -from O -the O -market O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O -terfenadine B-Chemical -and O -terodiline B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potential O -of O -compounds O -to O -cause O -TDP O -was O -evaluated O -by O -monitoring O -their O -effects O -on O -MAPD O -in O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -compounds O -known O -to O -increase O -QT O -interval O -and O -cause O -TDP O -were O -investigated O -: O -terfenadine B-Chemical -, O -terodiline B-Chemical -, O -cisapride B-Chemical -and O -E4031 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -that O -only O -free O -drug O -in O -the O -systemic O -circulation O -will O -elicit O -a O -pharmacological O -response O -target O -, O -free O -concentrations O -in O -plasma O -were O -selected O -to O -mimic O -the O -free O -drug O -exposures O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Infusion O -regimens O -were O -designed O -that O -rapidly O -achieved O -and O -maintained O -target O -- O -free O -concentrations O -of O -these O -drugs O -in O -plasma O -and O -data O -on O -the O -relationship O -between O -free O -concentration O -and O -changes O -in O -MAPD O -were O -obtained O -for O -these O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -the O -free O -ED50 O -in O -plasma O -for O -terfenadine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -9 O -nM O -) O -, O -terodiline B-Chemical -( O -76 O -nM O -) O -, O -cisapride B-Chemical -( O -11 O -nM O -) O -and O -E4031 B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -9 O -nM O -) O -closely O -correlate O -with O -the O -free O -concentration O -in O -man O -causing O -QT O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -compounds O -that O -have O -shown O -TDP O -in O -the O -clinic O -( O -terfenadine B-Chemical -, O -terodiline B-Chemical -, O -cisapride B-Chemical -) O -there O -is O -little O -differentiation O -between O -the O -dog O -ED50 O -and O -the O -efficacious O -free O -plasma O -concentrations O -in O -man O -( O -< O -10 O -- O -fold O -) O -reflecting O -their O -limited O -safety O -margins O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -underline O -the O -need O -to O -maximize O -the O -therapeutic O -ratio O -with O -respect O -to O -TDP O -in O -potential O -development O -candidates O -and O -the O -importance O -of O -using O -free O -drug O -concentrations O -in O -pharmacokinetic O -/ O -pharmacodynamic O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Bladder O -retention O -of O -urine O -as O -a O -result O -of O -continuous O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -: O -2 O -case O -reports O -. O - -aps B-category -Sedation O -has O -been O -commonly O -used O -in O -the O -neonate O -to O -decrease O -the O -stress O -and O -pain O -from O -the O -noxious O -stimuli O -and O -invasive O -procedures O -in O -the O -neonatal O -intensive O -care O -unit O -, O -as O -well O -as O -to O -facilitate O -synchrony O -between O -ventilator O -and O -spontaneous O -breaths O -. O - -aps B-category -Fentanyl B-Chemical -, O -an O -opioid O -analgesic O -, O -is O -frequently O -used O -in O -the O -neonatal O -intensive O -care O -unit O -setting O -for O -these O -very O -purposes O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -reported O -side O -effects O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -administration O -include O -chest O -wall O -rigidity O -, O -hypotension O -, O -respiratory O -depression O -, O -and O -bradycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -, O -2 O -cases O -of O -urinary O -bladder O -retention O -leading O -to O -renal O -pelvocalyceal O -dilatation O -mimicking O -hydronephrosis O -as O -a O -result O -of O -continuous O -infusion O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Fatal O -myeloencephalopathy O -due O -to O -accidental O -intrathecal O -vincristin B-Chemical -administration O -: O -a O -report O -of O -two O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -on O -two O -fatal O -cases O -of O -accidental O -intrathecal O -vincristine B-Chemical -instillation O -in O -a O -5 O -- O -year O -old O -girl O -with O -recurrent O -acute O -lymphoblastic O -leucemia O -and O -a O -57 O -- O -year O -old O -man O -with O -lymphoblastic O -lymphoma O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -girl O -died O -seven O -days O -, O -the O -man O -four O -weeks O -after O -intrathecal O -injection O -of O -vincristine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clinically O -, O -the O -onset O -was O -characterized O -by O -the O -signs O -of O -opistothonus O -, O -sensory O -and O -motor O -dysfunction O -and O -ascending O -paralysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Histological O -and O -immunohistochemical O -investigations O -( O -HE O -- O -LFB O -, O -CD O -- O -68 O -, O -Neurofilament O -) O -revealed O -degeneration O -of O -myelin O -and O -axons O -as O -well O -as O -pseudocystic O -transformation O -in O -areas O -exposed O -to O -vincristine B-Chemical -, O -accompanied O -by O -secondary O -changes O -with O -numerous O -prominent O -macrophages O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -course O -and O -histopathological O -results O -of O -the O -two O -cases O -are O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -review O -of O -all O -reported O -cases O -in O -the O -literature O -is O -given O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -better O -controlled O -regimen O -for O -administering O -vincristine B-Chemical -and O -intrathecal O -chemotherapy O -is O -recommended O -. O - -aps B-category -Palpebral O -twitching O -in O -a O -depressed O -adolescent O -on O -citalopram B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Current O -estimates O -suggest O -that O -between O -0 O -. O -4 O -% O -and O -8 O -. O -3 O -% O -of O -children O -and O -adolescents O -are O -affected O -by O -major O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -favorable O -response O -to O -treatment O -with O -citalopram B-Chemical -by O -a O -15 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -boy O -with O -major O -depression O -who O -exhibited O -palpebral O -twitching O -during O -his O -first O -2 O -weeks O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -may O -have O -been O -a O -side O -effect O -of O -citalopram B-Chemical -as O -it O -remitted O -with O -redistribution O -of O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -3 O -- O -week O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -syndrome O -strikes O -again O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -34 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -lady O -developed O -a O -constellation O -of O -dermatitis O -, O -fever O -, O -lymphadenopathy O -and O -hepatitis O -, O -beginning O -on O -the O -17th O -day O -of O -a O -course O -of O -oral O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -for O -sero O -- O -negative O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -. O - -aps B-category -Cervical O -and O -inguinal O -lymph O -node O -biopsies O -showed O -the O -features O -of O -severe O -necrotising O -lymphadenitis O -, O -associated O -with O -erythrophagocytosis O -and O -prominent O -eosinophilic O -infiltrates O -, O -without O -viral O -inclusion O -bodies O -, O -suggestive O -of O -an O -adverse O -drug O -reaction O -. O -A O -week O -later O -, O -fulminant O -drug O -- O -induced O -hepatitis O -, O -associated O -with O -the O -presence O -of O -anti O -- O -nuclear O -autoantibodies O -( O -but O -not O -with O -other O -markers O -of O -autoimmunity O -) O -, O -and O -accompanied O -by O -multi O -- O -organ O -failure O -and O -sepsis O -, O -supervened O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -subsequently O -died O -some O -5 O -weeks O -after O -the O -commencement O -of O -her O -drug O -therapy O -. O -Post O -- O -mortem O -examination O -showed O -evidence O -of O -massive O -hepatocellular O -necrosis O -, O -acute O -hypersensitivity O -myocarditis O -, O -focal O -acute O -tubulo O -- O -interstitial O -nephritis O -and O -extensive O -bone O -marrow O -necrosis O -, O -with O -no O -evidence O -of O -malignancy O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -thought O -that O -the O -clinico O -- O -pathological O -features O -and O -chronology O -of O -this O -case O -bore O -the O -hallmarks O -of O -the O -so O -- O -called O -" O -3 O -- O -week O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -syndrome O -" O -, O -a O -rare O -, O -but O -often O -fatal O -, O -immunoallergic O -reaction O -to O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -administration O -of O -prochlorperazine B-Chemical -by O -15 O -- O -minute O -infusion O -versus O -2 O -- O -minute O -bolus O -does O -not O -affect O -the O -incidence O -of O -akathisia O -: O -a O -prospective O -, O -randomized O -, O -controlled O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -STUDY O -OBJECTIVE O -: O -We O -sought O -to O -compare O -the O -rate O -of O -akathisia O -after O -administration O -of O -intravenous O -prochlorperazine B-Chemical -as O -a O -2 O -- O -minute O -bolus O -or O -15 O -- O -minute O -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -conducted O -a O -prospective O -, O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -in O -the O -emergency O -department O -of O -a O -central O -- O -city O -teaching O -hospital O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -aged O -18 O -years O -or O -older O -treated O -with O -prochlorperazine B-Chemical -for O -headache O -, O -nausea O -, O -or O -vomiting O -were O -eligible O -for O -inclusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Study O -participants O -were O -randomized O -to O -receive O -10 O -mg O -of O -prochlorperazine B-Chemical -administered O -intravenously O -by O -means O -of O -2 O -- O -minute O -push O -( O -bolus O -group O -) O -or O -10 O -mg O -diluted O -in O -50 O -mL O -of O -normal O -saline O -solution O -administered O -by O -means O -of O -intravenous O -infusion O -during O -a O -15 O -- O -minute O -period O -( O -infusion O -group O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -main O -outcome O -was O -the O -number O -of O -study O -participants O -experiencing O -akathisia O -within O -60 O -minutes O -of O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Akathisia O -was O -defined O -as O -either O -a O -spontaneous O -report O -of O -restlessness O -or O -agitation O -or O -a O -change O -of O -2 O -or O -more O -in O -the O -patient O -- O -reported O -akathisia O -rating O -scale O -and O -a O -change O -of O -at O -least O -1 O -in O -the O -investigator O -- O -observed O -akathisia O -rating O -scale O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intensity O -of O -headache O -and O -nausea O -was O -measured O -with O -a O -100 O -- O -mm O -visual O -analog O -scale O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -One O -hundred O -patients O -were O -enrolled O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -study O -participant O -was O -excluded O -after O -protocol O -violation O -. O - -aps B-category -Seventy O -- O -three O -percent O -( O -73 O -/ O -99 O -) O -of O -the O -study O -participants O -were O -treated O -for O -headache O -and O -70 O -% O -( O -70 O -/ O -99 O -) O -for O -nausea O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -bolus O -group O -, O -26 O -. O -0 O -% O -( O -13 O -/ O -50 O -) O -had O -akathisia O -compared O -with O -32 O -. O -7 O -% O -( O -16 O -/ O -49 O -) O -in O -the O -infusion O -group O -( O -Delta O -= O -- O -6 O -. O -7 O -% O -; O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -[ O -CI O -] O -- O -24 O -. O -6 O -% O -to O -11 O -. O -2 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -difference O -between O -the O -bolus O -and O -infusion O -groups O -in O -the O -percentage O -of O -participants O -who O -saw O -a O -50 O -% O -reduction O -in O -their O -headache O -intensity O -within O -30 O -minutes O -was O -11 O -. O -8 O -% O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -- O -9 O -. O -6 O -% O -to O -33 O -. O -3 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -difference O -in O -the O -percentage O -of O -patients O -with O -a O -50 O -% O -reduction O -in O -their O -nausea O -was O -12 O -. O -6 O -% O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -- O -4 O -. O -6 O -% O -to O -29 O -. O -8 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -A O -50 O -% O -reduction O -in O -the O -incidence O -of O -akathisia O -when O -prochlorperazine B-Chemical -was O -administered O -by O -means O -of O -15 O -- O -minute O -intravenous O -infusion O -versus O -a O -2 O -- O -minute O -intravenous O -push O -was O -not O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -efficacy O -of O -prochlorperazine B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -headache O -and O -nausea O -likewise O -did O -not O -appear O -to O -be O -affected O -by O -the O -rate O -of O -administration O -, O -although O -no O -formal O -statistical O -comparisons O -were O -made O -. O - -aps B-category -Combined O -antiretroviral O -therapy O -causes O -cardiomyopathy O -and O -elevates O -plasma O -lactate B-Chemical -in O -transgenic O -AIDS O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Highly O -active O -antiretroviral O -therapy O -( O -HAART O -) O -is O -implicated O -in O -cardiomyopathy O -( O -CM O -) O -and O -in O -elevated O -plasma O -lactate B-Chemical -( O -LA B-Chemical -) O -in O -AIDS O -through O -mechanisms O -of O -mitochondrial O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -determine O -mitochondrial O -events O -from O -HAART O -in O -vivo O -, O -8 O -- O -week O -- O -old O -hemizygous O -transgenic O -AIDS O -mice O -( O -NL4 O -- O -3Delta O -gag O -/ O -pol O -; O -TG O -) O -and O -wild O -- O -type O -FVB O -/ O -n O -littermates O -were O -treated O -with O -the O -HAART O -combination O -of O -zidovudine B-Chemical -, O -lamivudine B-Chemical -, O -and O -indinavir B-Chemical -or O -vehicle O -control O -for O -10 O -days O -or O -35 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -termination O -of O -the O -experiments O -, O -mice O -underwent O -echocardiography O -, O -quantitation O -of O -abundance O -of O -molecular O -markers O -of O -CM O -( O -ventricular O -mRNA O -encoding O -atrial O -natriuretic O -factor O -[ O -ANF O -] O -and O -sarcoplasmic O -calcium B-Chemical -ATPase O -[ O -SERCA2 O -] O -) O -, O -and O -determination O -of O -plasma O -LA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Myocardial O -histologic O -features O -were O -analyzed O -semiquantitatively O -and O -results O -were O -confirmed O -by O -transmission O -electron O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -35 O -days O -in O -the O -TG O -+ O -HAART O -cohort O -, O -left O -ventricular O -mass O -increased O -160 O -% O -by O -echocardiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Molecularly O -, O -ANF O -mRNA O -increased O -250 O -% O -and O -SERCA2 O -mRNA O -decreased O -57 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemically O -, O -LA B-Chemical -was O -elevated O -( O -8 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -0 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Pathologically O -, O -granular O -cytoplasmic O -changes O -were O -found O -in O -cardiac O -myocytes O -, O -indicating O -enlarged O -, O -damaged O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -Findings O -were O -confirmed O -ultrastructurally O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -changes O -were O -found O -in O -other O -cohorts O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -10 O -days O -, O -only O -ANF O -was O -elevated O -, O -and O -only O -in O -the O -TG O -+ O -HAART O -cohort O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -show O -that O -cumulative O -HAART O -caused O -mitochondrial O -CM O -with O -elevated O -LA B-Chemical -in O -AIDS O -transgenic O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -Phase O -II O -trial O -of O -cisplatin B-Chemical -plus O -WR B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2721 I-Chemical -( O -amifostine B-Chemical -) O -for O -metastatic O -breast O -carcinoma O -: O -an O -Eastern O -Cooperative O -Oncology O -Group O -Study O -( O -E8188 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Cisplatin B-Chemical -has O -minimal O -antitumor O -activity O -when O -used O -as O -second O -- O -or O -third O -- O -line O -treatment O -of O -metastatic O -breast O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Older O -reports O -suggest O -an O -objective O -response O -rate O -of O -8 O -% O -when O -60 O -- O -120 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -of O -cisplatin B-Chemical -is O -administered O -every O -3 O -- O -4 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -a O -dose O -- O -response O -effect O -has O -been O -observed O -with O -cisplatin B-Chemical -, O -the O -dose O -- O -limiting O -toxicities O -associated O -with O -cisplatin B-Chemical -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -nephrotoxicity O -, O -ototoxicity O -, O -and O -neurotoxicity O -) O -have O -limited O -its O -use O -as O -a O -treatment O -for O -breast O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -WR B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2721 I-Chemical -or O -amifostine B-Chemical -initially O -was O -developed O -to O -protect O -military O -personnel O -in O -the O -event O -of O -nuclear O -war O -. O - -aps B-category -Amifostine B-Chemical -subsequently O -was O -shown O -to O -protect O -normal O -tissues O -from O -the O -toxic O -effects O -of O -alkylating B-Chemical -agents I-Chemical -and O -cisplatin B-Chemical -without O -decreasing O -the O -antitumor O -effect O -of O -the O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Early O -trials O -of O -cisplatin B-Chemical -and O -amifostine B-Chemical -also O -suggested O -that O -the O -incidence O -and O -severity O -of O -cisplatin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrotoxicity O -, O -ototoxicity O -, O -and O -neuropathy O -were O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -A O -Phase O -II O -study O -of O -the O -combination O -of O -cisplatin B-Chemical -plus O -amifostine B-Chemical -was O -conducted O -in O -patients O -with O -progressive O -metastatic O -breast O -carcinoma O -who O -had O -received O -one O -, O -but O -not O -more O -than O -one O -, O -chemotherapy O -regimen O -for O -metastatic O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -received O -amifostine B-Chemical -, O -910 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -intravenously O -over O -15 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -completion O -of O -the O -amifostine B-Chemical -infusion O -, O -cisplatin B-Chemical -120 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -was O -administered O -over O -30 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -hydration O -and O -mannitol B-Chemical -was O -administered O -before O -and O -after O -cisplatin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -was O -administered O -every O -3 O -weeks O -until O -disease O -progression O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Forty O -- O -four O -patients O -were O -enrolled O -in O -the O -study O -of O -which O -7 O -( O -16 O -% O -) O -were O -ineligible O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -median O -of O -2 O -cycles O -of O -therapy O -was O -administered O -to O -the O -37 O -eligible O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -partial O -responses O -were O -observed O -for O -an O -overall O -response O -rate O -of O -16 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -patients O -( O -57 O -% O -) O -stopped O -treatment O -because O -of O -disease O -progression O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurologic O -toxicity O -was O -reported O -in O -52 O -% O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -different O -life O -- O -threatening O -toxicities O -were O -observed O -in O -patients O -while O -receiving O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -combination O -of O -cisplatin B-Chemical -and O -amifostine B-Chemical -in O -this O -study O -resulted O -in O -an O -overall O -response O -rate O -of O -16 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -a O -tumor O -- O -protective O -effect O -nor O -reduced O -toxicity O -to O -normal O -tissues O -was O -observed O -with O -the O -addition O -of O -amifostine B-Chemical -to O -cisplatin B-Chemical -in O -this O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -and O -the O -risk O -of O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -An O -association O -between O -the O -use O -of O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -and O -the O -risk O -of O -myocardial O -infarction O -has O -been O -found O -in O -some O -, O -but O -not O -all O -, O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -investigated O -this O -association O -, O -according O -to O -the O -type O -of O -progestagen B-Chemical -included O -in O -third O -- O -generation O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -desogestrel B-Chemical -or O -gestodene B-Chemical -) O -and O -second O -- O -generation O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -levonorgestrel B-Chemical -) O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -, O -the O -dose O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -prothrombotic O -mutations O -METHODS O -: O -In O -a O -nationwide O -, O -population O -- O -based O -, O -case O -- O -control O -study O -, O -we O -identified O -and O -enrolled O -248 O -women O -18 O -through O -49 O -years O -of O -age O -who O -had O -had O -a O -first O -myocardial O -infarction O -between O -1990 O -and O -1995 O -and O -925 O -control O -women O -who O -had O -not O -had O -a O -myocardial O -infarction O -and O -who O -were O -matched O -for O -age O -, O -calendar O -year O -of O -the O -index O -event O -, O -and O -area O -of O -residence O -. O - -aps B-category -Subjects O -supplied O -information O -on O -oral B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -use O -and O -major O -cardiovascular O -risk O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -analysis O -for O -factor O -V O -Leiden O -and O -the O -G20210A O -mutation O -in O -the O -prothrombin O -gene O -was O -conducted O -in O -217 O -patients O -and O -763 O -controls O -RESULTS O -: O -The O -odds O -ratio O -for O -myocardial O -infarction O -among O -women O -who O -used O -any O -type O -of O -combined O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -, O -as O -compared O -with O -nonusers O -, O -was O -2 O -. O -0 O -( O -95 O -percent O -confidence O -interval O -, O -1 O -. O -5 O -to O -2 O -. O -8 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adjusted O -odds O -ratio O -was O -2 O -. O -5 O -( O -95 O -percent O -confidence O -interval O -, O -1 O -. O -5 O -to O -4 O -. O -1 O -) O -among O -women O -who O -used O -second O -- O -generation O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -and O -1 O -. O -3 O -( O -95 O -percent O -confidence O -interval O -, O -0 O -. O -7 O -to O -2 O -. O -5 O -) O -among O -those O -who O -used O -third O -- O -generation O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -women O -who O -used O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -, O -the O -odds O -ratio O -was O -2 O -. O -1 O -( O -95 O -percent O -confidence O -interval O -, O -1 O -. O -5 O -to O -3 O -. O -0 O -) O -for O -those O -without O -a O -prothrombotic O -mutation O -and O -1 O -. O -9 O -( O -95 O -percent O -confidence O -interval O -, O -0 O -. O -6 O -to O -5 O -. O -5 O -) O -for O -those O -with O -a O -mutation O -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -risk O -of O -myocardial O -infarction O -was O -increased O -among O -women O -who O -used O -second O -- O -generation O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -use O -of O -third O -- O -generation O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -were O -inconclusive O -but O -suggested O -that O -the O -risk O -was O -lower O -than O -the O -risk O -associated O -with O -second O -- O -generation O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -risk O -of O -myocardial O -infarction O -was O -similar O -among O -women O -who O -used O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -whether O -or O -not O -they O -had O -a O -prothrombotic O -mutation O -. O - -aps B-category -End O -- O -stage O -renal O -disease O -( O -ESRD O -) O -after O -orthotopic O -liver O -transplantation O -( O -OLTX O -) O -using O -calcineurin O -- O -based O -immunotherapy O -: O -risk O -of O -development O -and O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -The O -calcineurin O -inhibitors O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -and O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -are O -both O -known O -to O -be O -nephrotoxic O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -use O -in O -orthotopic O -liver O -transplantation O -( O -OLTX O -) O -has O -dramatically O -improved O -success O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -Recently O -, O -however O -, O -we O -have O -had O -an O -increase O -of O -patients O -who O -are O -presenting O -after O -OLTX O -with O -end O -- O -stage O -renal O -disease O -( O -ESRD O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -retrospective O -study O -examines O -the O -incidence O -and O -treatment O -of O -ESRD O -and O -chronic O -renal O -failure O -( O -CRF O -) O -in O -OLTX O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Patients O -receiving O -an O -OLTX O -only O -from O -June O -1985 O -through O -December O -of O -1994 O -who O -survived O -6 O -months O -postoperatively O -were O -studied O -( O -n O -= O -834 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -prospectively O -collected O -database O -was O -the O -source O -of O -information O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -divided O -into O -three O -groups O -: O -Controls O -, O -no O -CRF O -or O -ESRD O -, O -n O -= O -748 O -; O -CRF O -, O -sustained O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -> O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -dl O -, O -n O -= O -41 O -; O -and O -ESRD O -, O -n O -= O -45 O -. O - -aps B-category -Groups O -were O -compared O -for O -preoperative O -laboratory O -variables O -, O -diagnosis O -, O -postoperative O -variables O -, O -survival O -, O -type O -of O -ESRD O -therapy O -, O -and O -survival O -from O -onset O -of O -ESRD O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -At O -13 O -years O -after O -OLTX O -, O -the O -incidence O -of O -severe O -renal O -dysfunction O -was O -18 O -. O -1 O -% O -( O -CRF O -8 O -. O -6 O -% O -and O -ESRD O -9 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -with O -control O -patients O -, O -CRF O -and O -ESRD O -patients O -had O -higher O -preoperative O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -levels O -, O -a O -greater O -percentage O -of O -patients O -with O -hepatorenal O -syndrome O -, O -higher O -percentage O -requirement O -for O -dialysis O -in O -the O -first O -3 O -months O -postoperatively O -, O -and O -a O -higher O -1 O -- O -year O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Multivariate O -stepwise O -logistic O -regression O -analysis O -using O -preoperative O -and O -postoperative O -variables O -identified O -that O -an O -increase O -of O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -compared O -with O -average O -at O -1 O -year O -, O -3 O -months O -, O -and O -4 O -weeks O -postoperatively O -were O -independent O -risk O -factors O -for O -the O -development O -of O -CRF O -or O -ESRD O -with O -odds O -ratios O -of O -2 O -. O -6 O -, O -2 O -. O -2 O -, O -and O -1 O -. O -6 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Overall O -survival O -from O -the O -time O -of O -OLTX O -was O -not O -significantly O -different O -among O -groups O -, O -but O -by O -year O -13 O -, O -the O -survival O -of O -the O -patients O -who O -had O -ESRD O -was O -only O -28 O -. O -2 O -% O -compared O -with O -54 O -. O -6 O -% O -in O -the O -control O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -developing O -ESRD O -had O -a O -6 O -- O -year O -survival O -after O -onset O -of O -ESRD O -of O -27 O -% O -for O -the O -patients O -receiving O -hemodialysis O -versus O -71 O -. O -4 O -% O -for O -the O -patients O -developing O -ESRD O -who O -subsequently O -received O -kidney O -transplants O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Patients O -who O -are O -more O -than O -10 O -years O -post O -- O -OLTX O -have O -CRF O -and O -ESRD O -at O -a O -high O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -development O -of O -ESRD O -decreases O -survival O -, O -particularly O -in O -those O -patients O -treated O -with O -dialysis O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -who O -develop O -ESRD O -have O -a O -higher O -preoperative O -and O -1 O -- O -year O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -and O -are O -more O -likely O -to O -have O -hepatorenal O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -an O -increase O -of O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -at O -various O -times O -postoperatively O -is O -more O -predictive O -of O -the O -development O -of O -CRF O -or O -ESRD O -. O - -aps B-category -New O -strategies O -for O -long O -- O -term O -immunosuppression O -may O -be O -needed O -to O -decrease O -this O -complication O -. O - -aps B-category -Epileptic O -seizures O -following O -cortical O -application O -of O -fibrin O -sealants O -containing O -tranexamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Fibrin O -sealants O -( O -FS O -) O -derived O -from O -human O -plasma O -are O -frequently O -used O -in O -neurosurgery O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -increase O -clot O -stability O -, O -FS O -typically O -contain O -aprotinin O -, O -a O -natural O -fibrinolysis O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -Recently O -, O -synthetic O -fibrinolysis O -inhibitors O -such O -as O -tranexamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -tAMCA B-Chemical -) O -have O -been O -considered O -as O -substitutes O -for O -aprotinin O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -tAMCA B-Chemical -has O -been O -shown O -to O -cause O -epileptic O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -wanted O -to O -study O -whether O -tAMCA B-Chemical -retains O -its O -convulsive O -action O -if O -incorporated O -into O -a O -FS O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -FS O -containing O -aprotinin O -or O -different O -concentrations O -of O -tAMCA B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -47 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -) O -were O -applied O -to O -the O -pial O -surface O -of O -the O -cortex O -of O -anaesthetized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -of O -the O -animals O -was O -evaluated O -using O -electroencephalography O -and O -by O -monitoring O -the O -clinical O -behaviour O -during O -and O -after O -recovery O -from O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -FINDINGS O -: O -FS O -containing O -tAMCA B-Chemical -caused O -paroxysmal O -brain O -activity O -which O -was O -associated O -with O -distinct O -convulsive O -behaviours O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degree O -of O -these O -seizures O -increased O -with O -increasing O -concentration O -of O -tAMCA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -FS O -containing O -47 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -tAMCA B-Chemical -evoked O -generalized O -seizures O -in O -all O -tested O -rats O -( O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -while O -the O -lowest O -concentration O -of O -tAMCA B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -) O -only O -evoked O -brief O -episodes O -of O -jerk O -- O -correlated O -convulsive O -potentials O -in O -1 O -of O -6 O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -FS O -containing O -aprotinin O -did O -not O -evoke O -any O -paroxysmal O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -INTERPRETATION O -: O -Tranexamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -retains O -its O -convulsive O -action O -within O -FS O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -use O -of O -FS O -containing O -tAMCA B-Chemical -for O -surgery O -within O -or O -close O -to O -the O -CNS O -may O -pose O -a O -substantial O -risk O -to O -the O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Sequential O -observations O -of O -exencephaly O -and O -subsequent O -morphological O -changes O -by O -mouse O -exo O -utero O -development O -system O -: O -analysis O -of O -the O -mechanism O -of O -transformation O -from O -exencephaly O -to O -anencephaly O -. O - -aps B-category -Anencephaly O -has O -been O -suggested O -to O -develop O -from O -exencephaly O -; O -however O -, O -there O -is O -little O -direct O -experimental O -evidence O -to O -support O -this O -, O -and O -the O -mechanism O -of O -transformation O -remains O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -examined O -this O -theory O -using O -the O -exo O -utero O -development O -system O -that O -allows O -direct O -and O -sequential O -observations O -of O -mid O -- O -to O -late O -- O -gestation O -mouse O -embryos O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -observed O -the O -exencephaly O -induced O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -at O -embryonic O -day O -13 O -. O -5 O -( O -E13 O -. O -5 O -) O -, O -let O -the O -embryos O -develop O -exo O -utero O -until O -E18 O -. O -5 O -, O -and O -re O -- O -observed O -the O -same O -embryos O -at O -E18 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -confirmed O -several O -cases O -of O -transformation O -from O -exencephaly O -to O -anencephaly O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -many O -cases O -, O -the O -exencephalic O -brain O -tissue O -was O -preserved O -with O -more O -or O -less O -reduction O -during O -this O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -analyze O -the O -transformation O -patterns O -, O -we O -classified O -the O -exencephaly O -by O -size O -and O -shape O -of O -the O -exencephalic O -tissue O -into O -several O -types O -at O -E13 O -. O -5 O -and O -E18 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -the O -transformation O -of O -exencephalic O -tissue O -was O -not O -simply O -size O -- O -dependent O -, O -and O -all O -cases O -of O -anencephaly O -at O -E18 O -. O -5 O -resulted O -from O -embryos O -with O -a O -large O -amount O -of O -exencephalic O -tissue O -at O -E13 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Microscopic O -observation O -showed O -the O -configuration O -of O -exencephaly O -at O -E13 O -. O -5 O -, O -frequent O -hemorrhaging O -and O -detachment O -of O -the O -neural O -plate O -from O -surface O -ectoderm O -in O -the O -exencephalic O -head O -at O -E15 O -. O -5 O -, O -and O -multiple O -modes O -of O -reduction O -in O -the O -exencephalic O -tissue O -at O -E18 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -observations O -of O -the O -vasculature O -, O -altered O -distribution O -patterns O -of O -vessels O -were O -identified O -in O -the O -exencephalic O -head O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -overgrowth O -of O -the O -exencephalic O -neural O -tissue O -causes O -the O -altered O -distribution O -patterns O -of O -vessels O -, O -subsequent O -peripheral O -circulatory O -failure O -and O -/ O -or O -hemorrhaging O -in O -various O -parts O -of O -the O -exencephalic O -head O -, O -leading O -to O -the O -multiple O -modes O -of O -tissue O -reduction O -during O -transformation O -from O -exencephaly O -to O -anencephaly O -. O - -aps B-category -99mTc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucarate I-Chemical -for O -detection O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -infarction O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Infarct O -- O -avid O -radiopharmaceuticals O -are O -necessary O -for O -rapid O -and O -timely O -diagnosis O -of O -acute O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -animal O -model O -used O -to O -produce O -infarction O -implies O -artery O -ligation O -but O -chemical O -induction O -can O -be O -easily O -obtained O -with O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -infarct O -- O -avid O -radiopharmaceutical O -based O -on O -glucaric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -prepared O -in O -the O -hospital O -radiopharmacy O -of O -the O -INCMNSZ O -. O - -aps B-category -99mTc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucarate I-Chemical -was O -easy O -to O -prepare O -, O -stable O -for O -96 O -h O -and O -was O -used O -to O -study O -its O -biodistribution O -in O -rats O -with O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Histological O -studies O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -rats O -developed O -an O -infarct O -18 O -h O -after O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rat O -biodistribution O -studies O -showed O -a O -rapid O -blood O -clearance O -via O -the O -kidneys O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -minutes O -after O -99mTc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucarate I-Chemical -administration O -the O -standardised O -heart O -uptake O -value O -S O -( O -h O -) O -UV O -was O -4 O -. O -7 O -in O -infarcted O -rat O -heart O -which O -is O -six O -times O -more O -than O -in O -normal O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -ROIs O -drawn O -over O -the O -gamma O -camera O -images O -showed O -a O -ratio O -of O -4 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -image O -quality O -suggests O -that O -high O -contrast O -images O -can O -be O -obtained O -in O -humans O -and O -the O -96 O -h O -stability O -makes O -it O -an O -ideal O -agent O -to O -detect O -, O -in O -patients O -, O -early O -cardiac O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Bupropion B-Chemical -( O -Zyban B-Chemical -) O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Bupropion B-Chemical -is O -a O -monocyclic O -antidepressant B-Chemical -structurally O -related O -to O -amphetamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Zyban B-Chemical -, O -a O -sustained O -- O -release O -formulation O -of O -bupropion B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -, O -was O -recently O -released O -in O -Ireland O -, O -as O -a O -smoking O -cessation O -aid O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -initial O -6 O -months O -since O -it O -' O -s O -introduction O -, O -12 O -overdose O -cases O -have O -been O -reported O -to O -The O -National O -Poisons O -Information O -Centre O -. O - -aps B-category -8 O -patients O -developed O -symptoms O -of O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Common O -features O -included O -tachycardia O -, O -drowsiness O -, O -hallucinations O -and O -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -developed O -severe O -cardiac O -arrhythmias O -, O -including O -one O -patient O -who O -was O -resuscitated O -following O -a O -cardiac O -arrest O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -recovered O -without O -sequelae O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -a O -31 O -year O -old O -female O -who O -required O -admission O -to O -the O -Intensive O -Care O -Unit O -for O -ventilation O -and O -full O -supportive O -therapy O -, O -following O -ingestion O -of O -13 O -. O -5g O -bupropion B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Recurrent O -seizures O -were O -treated O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -broad O -complex O -tachycardia O -was O -successfully O -treated O -with O -adenosine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Zyban B-Chemical -caused O -significant O -neurological O -and O -cardiovascular O -toxicity O -in O -overdose O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potential O -toxic O -effects O -should O -be O -considered O -when O -prescribing O -it O -as O -a O -smoking O -cessation O -aid O -. O - -aps B-category -GLEPP1 O -receptor O -tyrosine B-Chemical -phosphatase O -( O -Ptpro O -) O -in O -rat O -PAN B-Chemical -nephrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -marker O -of O -acute O -podocyte O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -Glomerular O -epithelial O -protein O -1 O -( O -GLEPP1 O -) O -is O -a O -podocyte O -receptor O -membrane O -protein O -tyrosine B-Chemical -phosphatase O -located O -on O -the O -apical O -cell O -membrane O -of O -visceral O -glomerular O -epithelial O -cell O -and O -foot O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -receptor O -plays O -a O -role O -in O -regulating O -the O -structure O -and O -function O -of O -podocyte O -foot O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -better O -understand O -the O -utility O -of O -GLEPP1 O -as O -a O -marker O -of O -glomerular O -injury O -, O -the O -amount O -and O -distribution O -of O -GLEPP1 O -protein O -and O -mRNA O -were O -examined O -by O -immunohistochemistry O -, O -Western O -blot O -and O -RNase O -protection O -assay O -in O -a O -model O -of O -podocyte O -injury O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -nephrosis O -was O -induced O -by O -single O -intraperitoneal O -injection O -of O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -( O -PAN B-Chemical -, O -20 O -mg O -/ O -100g O -BW O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Tissues O -were O -analyzed O -at O -0 O -, O -5 O -, O -7 O -, O -11 O -, O -21 O -, O -45 O -, O -80 O -and O -126 O -days O -after O -PAN B-Chemical -injection O -so O -as O -to O -include O -both O -the O -acute O -phase O -of O -proteinuria O -associated O -with O -foot O -process O -effacement O -( O -days O -5 O -- O -11 O -) O -and O -the O -chronic O -phase O -of O -proteinuria O -associated O -with O -glomerulosclerosis O -( O -days O -45 O -- O -126 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -day O -5 O -, O -GLEPP1 O -protein O -and O -mRNA O -were O -reduced O -from O -the O -normal O -range O -( O -265 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -79 O -. O -6 O -x O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -moles O -/ O -glomerulus O -and O -100 O -% O -) O -to O -15 O -% O -of O -normal O -( O -41 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -8 O -x O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -moles O -/ O -glomerulus O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -occurred O -in O -association O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -urinary O -protein O -content O -from O -1 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -to O -99 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -61 O -mg O -/ O -day O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -podocalyxin O -did O -not O -change O -significantly O -at O -this O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -day O -11 O -, O -GLEPP1 O -protein O -and O -mRNA O -had O -begun O -to O -return O -towards O -baseline O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -day O -45 O -- O -126 O -, O -at O -a O -time O -when O -glomerular O -scarring O -was O -present O -, O -GLEPP1 O -was O -absent O -from O -glomerulosclerotic O -areas O -although O -the O -total O -glomerular O -content O -of O -GLEPP1 O -was O -not O -different O -from O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -GLEPP1 O -expression O -, O -unlike O -podocalyxin O -, O -reflects O -podocyte O -injury O -induced O -by O -PAN B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -GLEPP1 O -expression O -may O -be O -a O -useful O -marker O -of O -podocyte O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -Antithymocyte B-Chemical -globulin I-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -- O -induced O -aplastic O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -patient O -who O -received O -antithymocyte B-Chemical -globulin I-Chemical -therapy O -for O -aplastic O -anemia O -due O -to O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -therapy O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Bone O -marrow O -recovery O -and O -peripheral O -blood O -recovery O -were O -complete O -1 O -month O -and O -3 O -months O -, O -respectively O -, O -after O -treatment O -, O -and O -blood O -transfusion O -or O -other O -therapies O -were O -not O -necessary O -in O -a O -follow O -- O -up O -period O -of O -more O -than O -2 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -antithymocyte B-Chemical -globulin I-Chemical -may O -be O -the O -optimal O -treatment O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -- O -induced O -aplastic O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Metamizol B-Chemical -potentiates O -morphine B-Chemical -antinociception O -but O -not O -constipation O -after O -chronic O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -work O -evaluates O -the O -antinociceptive O -and O -constipating O -effects O -of O -the O -combination O -of O -3 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -s O -. O -c O -. O -morphine B-Chemical -with O -177 O -. O -8 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -s O -. O -c O -. O -metamizol B-Chemical -in O -acutely O -and O -chronically O -treated O -( O -once O -a O -day O -for O -12 O -days O -) O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -13th O -day O -, O -antinociceptive O -effects O -were O -assessed O -using O -a O -model O -of O -inflammatory O -nociception O -, O -pain O -- O -induced O -functional O -impairment O -model O -, O -and O -the O -charcoal B-Chemical -meal O -test O -was O -used O -to O -evaluate O -the O -intestinal O -transit O -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneous O -administration O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -with O -metamizol B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -a O -markedly O -antinociceptive O -potentiation O -and O -an O -increasing O -of O -the O -duration O -of O -action O -after O -a O -single O -( O -298 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -vs O -. O -139 O -+ O -/ O -- O -36 O -units O -area O -( O -ua O -) O -; O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -and O -repeated O -administration O -( O -280 O -+ O -/ O -- O -17 O -vs O -. O -131 O -+ O -/ O -- O -22 O -ua O -; O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Antinociceptive O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -was O -reduced O -in O -chronically O -treated O -rats O -( O -39 O -+ O -/ O -- O -10 O -vs O -. O -18 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -au O -) O -while O -the O -combination O -- O -induced O -antinociception O -was O -remained O -similar O -as O -an O -acute O -treatment O -( O -298 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -vs O -. O -280 O -+ O -/ O -- O -17 O -au O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -antinociceptive O -effects O -of O -the O -combination O -were O -partially O -prevented O -by O -3 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -naloxone B-Chemical -s O -. O -c O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -suggesting O -the O -partial O -involvement O -of O -the O -opioidergic O -system O -in O -the O -synergism O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -independent O -groups O -, O -morphine B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -intestinal O -transit O -in O -48 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -% O -and O -38 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -% O -after O -acute O -and O -chronic O -treatment O -, O -respectively O -, O -suggesting O -that O -tolerance O -did O -not O -develop O -to O -the O -constipating O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combination O -inhibited O -intestinal O -transit O -similar O -to O -that O -produced O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -regardless O -of O -the O -time O -of O -treatment O -, O -suggesting O -that O -metamizol B-Chemical -did O -not O -potentiate O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -constipation O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -show O -a O -significant O -interaction O -between O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -metamizol B-Chemical -in O -chronically O -treated O -rats O -, O -suggesting O -that O -this O -combination O -could O -be O -useful O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -chronic O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -Ifosfamide B-Chemical -encephalopathy O -presenting O -with O -asterixis O -. O - -aps B-category -CNS O -toxic O -effects O -of O -the O -antineoplastic O -agent O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -( O -IFX B-Chemical -) O -are O -frequent O -and O -include O -a O -variety O -of O -neurological O -symptoms O -that O -can O -limit O -drug O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -a O -51 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -who O -developed O -severe O -, O -disabling O -negative O -myoclonus O -of O -the O -upper O -and O -lower O -extremities O -after O -the O -infusion O -of O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -for O -plasmacytoma O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -was O -awake O -, O -revealed O -no O -changes O -of O -mental O -status O -and O -at O -rest O -there O -were O -no O -further O -motor O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Cranial O -magnetic O -resonance O -imaging O -and O -extensive O -laboratory O -studies O -failed O -to O -reveal O -structural O -lesions O -of O -the O -brain O -and O -metabolic O -abnormalities O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -electroencephalogram O -showed O -continuous O -, O -generalized O -irregular O -slowing O -with O -admixed O -periodic O -triphasic O -waves O -indicating O -symptomatic O -encephalopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -was O -discontinued O -and O -within O -12 O -h O -the O -asterixis O -resolved O -completely O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -patient O -described O -, O -the O -presence O -of O -asterixis O -during O -infusion O -of O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -, O -normal O -laboratory O -findings O -and O -imaging O -studies O -and O -the O -resolution O -of O -symptoms O -following O -the O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -drug O -suggest O -that O -negative O -myoclonus O -is O -associated O -with O -the O -use O -of O -IFX B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Antagonism O -between O -interleukin O -3 O -and O -erythropoietin O -in O -mice O -with O -azidothymidine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -anemia O -and O -in O -bone O -marrow O -endothelial O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Azidothymidine B-Chemical -( O -AZT B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -anemia O -in O -mice O -can O -be O -reversed O -by O -the O -administration O -of O -IGF O -- O -IL O -- O -3 O -( O -fusion O -protein O -of O -insulin O -- O -like O -growth O -factor O -II O -( O -IGF O -II O -) O -and O -interleukin O -3 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -interleukin O -3 O -( O -IL O -- O -3 O -) O -and O -erythropoietin O -( O -EPO O -) O -are O -known O -to O -act O -synergistically O -on O -hematopoietic O -cell O -proliferation O -in O -vitro O -, O -injection O -of O -IGF O -- O -IL O -- O -3 O -and O -EPO O -in O -AZT B-Chemical -- O -treated O -mice O -resulted O -in O -a O -reduction O -of O -red O -cells O -and O -an O -increase O -of O -plasma O -EPO O -levels O -as O -compared O -to O -animals O -treated O -with O -IGF O -- O -IL O -- O -3 O -or O -EPO O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -tested O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -antagonistic O -effect O -of O -IL O -- O -3 O -and O -EPO O -on O -erythroid O -cells O -may O -be O -mediated O -by O -endothelial O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Bovine O -liver O -erythroid O -cells O -were O -cultured O -on O -monolayers O -of O -human O -bone O -marrow O -endothelial O -cells O -previously O -treated O -with O -EPO O -and O -IGF O -- O -IL O -- O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -significant O -reduction O -of O -thymidine B-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -both O -erythroid O -and O -endothelial O -cells O -in O -cultures O -pre O -- O -treated O -with O -IGF O -- O -IL O -- O -3 O -and O -EPO O -. O - -aps B-category -Endothelial O -cell O -culture O -supernatants O -separated O -by O -ultrafiltration O -and O -ultracentrifugation O -from O -cells O -treated O -with O -EPO O -and O -IL O -- O -3 O -significantly O -reduced O -thymidine B-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -erythroid O -cells O -as O -compared O -to O -identical O -fractions O -obtained O -from O -the O -media O -of O -cells O -cultured O -with O -EPO O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -endothelial O -cells O -treated O -simultaneously O -with O -EPO O -and O -IL O -- O -3 O -have O -a O -negative O -effect O -on O -erythroid O -cell O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -between O -hippocampal O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -release O -and O -cholinergic O -convulsant O -sensitivity O -in O -withdrawal O -seizure O -- O -prone O -and O -withdrawal O -seizure O -- O -resistant O -selected O -mouse O -lines O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -The O -septo O -- O -hippocampal O -cholinergic O -pathway O -has O -been O -implicated O -in O -epileptogenesis O -, O -and O -genetic O -factors O -influence O -the O -response O -to O -cholinergic O -agents O -, O -but O -limited O -data O -are O -available O -on O -cholinergic O -involvement O -in O -alcohol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -severity O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -relationship O -between O -cholinergic O -activity O -and O -responsiveness O -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -was O -investigated O -in O -a O -genetic O -animal O -model O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -severity O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Cholinergic O -convulsant O -sensitivity O -was O -examined O -in O -alcohol B-Chemical -- O -na O -ve O -Withdrawal O -Seizure O -- O -Prone O -( O -WSP O -) O -and O -- O -Resistant O -( O -WSR O -) O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -were O -administered O -nicotine B-Chemical -, O -carbachol B-Chemical -, O -or O -neostigmine B-Chemical -via O -timed O -tail O -vein O -infusion O -, O -and O -the O -latencies O -to O -onset O -of O -tremor O -and O -clonus O -were O -recorded O -and O -converted O -to O -threshold O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -also O -used O -microdialysis O -to O -measure O -basal O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -- O -stimulated O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -ACh B-Chemical -) O -release O -in O -the O -CA1 O -region O -of O -the O -hippocampus O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -was O -applied O -by O -reverse O -dialysis O -twice O -, O -separated O -by O -75 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Hippocampal O -ACh B-Chemical -also O -was O -measured O -during O -testing O -for O -handling O -- O -induced O -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Sensitivity O -to O -several O -convulsion O -endpoints O -induced O -by O -nicotine B-Chemical -, O -carbachol B-Chemical -, O -and O -neostigmine B-Chemical -were O -significantly O -greater O -in O -WSR O -versus O -WSP O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -microdialysis O -experiments O -, O -the O -lines O -did O -not O -differ O -in O -basal O -release O -of O -ACh B-Chemical -, O -and O -50 O -mM O -KCl B-Chemical -increased O -ACh B-Chemical -output O -in O -both O -lines O -of O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -increase O -in O -release O -of O -ACh B-Chemical -produced O -by O -the O -first O -application O -of O -KCl B-Chemical -was O -2 O -- O -fold O -higher O -in O -WSP O -versus O -WSR O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -hippocampal O -ACh B-Chemical -was O -measured O -during O -testing O -for O -handling O -- O -induced O -convulsions O -, O -extracellular O -ACh B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -elevated O -( O -192 O -% O -) O -in O -WSP O -mice O -, O -but O -was O -nonsignificantly O -elevated O -( O -59 O -% O -) O -in O -WSR O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -differences O -in O -cholinergic O -activity O -and O -postsynaptic O -sensitivity O -to O -cholinergic O -convulsants O -may O -be O -associated O -with O -ethanol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -severity O -and O -implicate O -cholinergic O -mechanisms O -in O -alcohol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -Specifically O -, O -WSP O -mice O -may O -have O -lower O -sensitivity O -to O -cholinergic O -convulsants O -compared O -with O -WSR O -because O -of O -postsynaptic O -receptor O -desensitization O -brought O -on O -by O -higher O -activity O -of O -cholinergic O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Capsaicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -muscle O -pain O -alters O -the O -excitability O -of O -the O -human O -jaw O -- O -stretch O -reflex O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pathophysiology O -of O -painful O -temporomandibular O -disorders O -is O -not O -fully O -understood O -, O -but O -evidence O -suggests O -that O -muscle O -pain O -modulates O -motor O -function O -in O -characteristic O -ways O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -tested O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -activation O -of O -nociceptive O -muscle O -afferent O -fibers O -would O -be O -linked O -to O -an O -increased O -excitability O -of O -the O -human O -jaw O -- O -stretch O -reflex O -and O -whether O -this O -process O -would O -be O -sensitive O -to O -length O -and O -velocity O -of O -the O -stretch O -. O - -aps B-category -Capsaicin B-Chemical -( O -10 O -micro O -g O -) O -was O -injected O -into O -the O -masseter O -muscle O -to O -induce O -pain O -in O -11 O -healthy O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -Short O -- O -latency O -reflex O -responses O -were O -evoked O -in O -the O -masseter O -and O -temporalis O -muscles O -by O -a O -stretch O -device O -with O -different O -velocities O -and O -displacements O -before O -, O -during O -, O -and O -after O -the O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -normalized O -reflex O -amplitude O -increased O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -velocity O -at O -a O -given O -displacement O -, O -but O -remained O -constant O -with O -different O -displacements O -at O -a O -given O -velocity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -normalized O -reflex O -amplitude O -was O -significantly O -higher O -during O -pain O -, O -but O -only O -at O -faster O -stretches O -in O -the O -painful O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -fusimotor O -system O -during O -acute O -muscle O -pain O -could O -be O -one O -likely O -mechanism O -to O -explain O -the O -findings O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -5 O -- O -HT1B O -receptor O -ligands O -microinjected O -into O -the O -accumbal O -shell O -or O -core O -on O -the O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -locomotor O -hyperactivity O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -examine O -the O -effect O -of O -5 O -- O -HT1B O -receptor O -ligands O -microinjected O -into O -the O -subregions O -of O -the O -nucleus O -accumbens O -( O -the O -shell O -and O -the O -core O -) O -on O -the O -locomotor O -hyperactivity O -induced O -by O -cocaine B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -Wistar O -rats O -were O -implanted O -bilaterally O -with O -cannulae O -into O -the O -accumbens O -shell O -or O -core O -, O -and O -then O -were O -locally O -injected O -with O -GR B-Chemical -55562 I-Chemical -( O -an O -antagonist O -of O -5 O -- O -HT1B O -receptors O -) O -or O -CP B-Chemical -93129 I-Chemical -( O -an O -agonist O -of O -5 O -- O -HT1B O -receptors O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Given O -alone O -to O -any O -accumbal O -subregion O -, O -GR B-Chemical -55562 I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -10 O -microg O -/ O -side O -) O -or O -CP B-Chemical -93129 I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -10 O -microg O -/ O -side O -) O -did O -not O -change O -basal O -locomotor O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Systemic O -cocaine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -significantly O -increased O -the O -locomotor O -activity O -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -GR B-Chemical -55562 I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -10 O -microg O -/ O -side O -) O -, O -administered O -intra O -- O -accumbens O -shell O -prior O -to O -cocaine B-Chemical -, O -dose O -- O -dependently O -attenuated O -the O -psychostimulant O -- O -induced O -locomotor O -hyperactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -attenuation O -was O -not O -found O -in O -animals O -which O -had O -been O -injected O -with O -GR B-Chemical -55562 I-Chemical -into O -the O -accumbens O -core O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -injected O -into O -the O -accumbens O -shell O -( O -but O -not O -the O -core O -) O -before O -cocaine B-Chemical -, O -CP B-Chemical -93129 I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -10 O -microg O -/ O -side O -) O -enhanced O -the O -locomotor O -response O -to O -cocaine B-Chemical -; O -the O -maximum O -effect O -being O -observed O -after O -10 O -microg O -/ O -side O -of O -the O -agonist O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -later O -enhancement O -was O -attenuated O -after O -intra O -- O -accumbens O -shell O -treatment O -with O -GR B-Chemical -55562 I-Chemical -( O -1 O -microg O -/ O -side O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -findings O -indicate O -that O -cocaine B-Chemical -induced O -hyperlocomotion O -is O -modified O -by O -5 O -- O -HT1B O -receptor O -ligands O -microinjected O -into O -the O -accumbens O -shell O -, O -but O -not O -core O -, O -this O -modification O -consisting O -in O -inhibitory O -and O -facilitatory O -effects O -of O -the O -5 O -- O -HT1B O -receptor O -antagonist O -( O -GR B-Chemical -55562 I-Chemical -) O -and O -agonist O -( O -CP B-Chemical -93129 I-Chemical -) O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -other O -words O -, O -the O -present O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -accumbal O -shell O -5 O -- O -HT1B O -receptors O -play O -a O -permissive O -role O -in O -the O -behavioural O -response O -to O -the O -psychostimulant O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -related O -chest O -pain O -: O -are O -we O -seeing O -the O -tip O -of O -an O -iceberg O -? O - -aps B-category -The O -recreational O -use O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -is O -on O -the O -increase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -emergency O -nurse O -ought O -to O -be O -familiar O -with O -some O -of O -the O -cardiovascular O -consequences O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -particular O -, O -the O -tendency O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -to O -produce O -chest O -pain O -ought O -to O -be O -in O -the O -mind O -of O -the O -emergency O -nurse O -when O -faced O -with O -a O -young O -victim O -of O -chest O -pain O -who O -is O -otherwise O -at O -low O -risk O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -chest O -pain O -related O -to O -cocaine B-Chemical -use O -is O -discussed O -and O -treatment O -dilemmas O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -moral O -issues O -relating O -to O -the O -testing O -of O -potential O -cocaine B-Chemical -users O -will O -be O -addressed O -. O - -aps B-category -Crossover O -comparison O -of O -efficacy O -and O -preference O -for O -rizatriptan B-Chemical -10 O -mg O -versus O -ergotamine B-Chemical -/ O -caffeine B-Chemical -in O -migraine O -. O - -aps B-category -Rizatriptan B-Chemical -is O -a O -selective O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -( O -1B O -/ O -1D O -) O -receptor O -agonist O -with O -rapid O -oral O -absorption O -and O -early O -onset O -of O -action O -in O -the O -acute O -treatment O -of O -migraine O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -randomized O -double O -- O -blind O -crossover O -outpatient O -study O -assessed O -the O -preference O -for O -1 O -rizatriptan B-Chemical -10 O -mg O -tablet O -to O -2 O -ergotamine B-Chemical -1 O -mg O -/ O -caffeine B-Chemical -100 O -mg O -tablets O -in O -439 O -patients O -treating O -a O -single O -migraine O -attack O -with O -each O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -patients O -expressing O -a O -preference O -( O -89 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -, O -more O -than O -twice O -as O -many O -preferred O -rizatriptan B-Chemical -to O -ergotamine B-Chemical -/ O -caffeine B-Chemical -( O -69 O -. O -9 O -vs O -. O -30 O -. O -1 O -% O -, O -p O -< O -or O -= O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Faster O -relief O -of O -headache O -was O -the O -most O -important O -reason O -for O -preference O -, O -cited O -by O -67 O -. O -3 O -% O -of O -patients O -preferring O -rizatriptan B-Chemical -and O -54 O -. O -2 O -% O -of O -patients O -who O -preferred O -ergotamine B-Chemical -/ O -caffeine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -co O -- O -primary O -endpoint O -of O -being O -pain O -free O -at O -2 O -h O -was O -also O -in O -favor O -of O -rizatriptan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -- O -nine O -percent O -of O -patients O -were O -pain O -free O -2 O -h O -after O -rizatriptan B-Chemical -, O -compared O -with O -24 O -. O -3 O -% O -treated O -with O -ergotamine B-Chemical -/ O -caffeine B-Chemical -( O -p O -< O -or O -= O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -rizatriptan B-Chemical -being O -superior O -within O -1 O -h O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Headache O -relief O -at O -2 O -h O -was O -75 O -. O -9 O -% O -for O -rizatriptan B-Chemical -and O -47 O -. O -3 O -% O -for O -ergotamine B-Chemical -/ O -caffeine B-Chemical -( O -p O -< O -or O -= O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -with O -rizatriptan B-Chemical -being O -superior O -to O -ergotamine B-Chemical -/ O -caffeine B-Chemical -within O -30 O -min O -of O -dosing O -. O - -aps B-category -Almost O -36 O -% O -of O -patients O -taking O -rizatriptan B-Chemical -were O -pain O -free O -at O -2 O -h O -and O -had O -no O -recurrence O -or O -need O -for O -additional O -medication O -within O -24 O -h O -, O -compared O -to O -20 O -% O -of O -patients O -on O -ergotamine B-Chemical -/ O -caffeine B-Chemical -( O -p O -< O -or O -= O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Rizatriptan B-Chemical -was O -also O -superior O -to O -ergotamine B-Chemical -/ O -caffeine B-Chemical -in O -the O -proportions O -of O -patients O -with O -no O -nausea O -, O -vomiting O -, O -phonophobia O -or O -photophobia O -and O -for O -patients O -with O -normal O -function O -2 O -h O -after O -drug O -intake O -( O -p O -< O -or O -= O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -More O -patients O -were O -( O -completely O -, O -very O -or O -somewhat O -) O -satisfied O -2 O -h O -after O -treatment O -with O -rizatriptan B-Chemical -( O -69 O -. O -8 O -% O -) O -than O -at O -2 O -h O -after O -treatment O -with O -ergotamine B-Chemical -/ O -caffeine B-Chemical -( O -38 O -. O -6 O -% O -, O -p O -< O -or O -= O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Recurrence O -rates O -were O -31 O -. O -4 O -% O -with O -rizatriptan B-Chemical -and O -15 O -. O -3 O -% O -with O -ergotamine B-Chemical -/ O -caffeine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -active O -treatments O -were O -well O -tolerated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -common O -adverse O -events O -( O -incidence O -> O -or O -= O -5 O -% O -in O -one O -group O -) O -after O -rizatriptan B-Chemical -and O -ergotamine B-Chemical -/ O -caffeine B-Chemical -, O -respectively O -, O -were O -dizziness O -( O -6 O -. O -7 O -and O -5 O -. O -3 O -% O -) O -, O -nausea O -( O -4 O -. O -2 O -and O -8 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -and O -somnolence O -( O -5 O -. O -5 O -and O -2 O -. O -3 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -ocular O -and O -orbital O -toxicity O -after O -intracarotid O -injection O -of O -carboplatin B-Chemical -for O -recurrent O -glioblastomas O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Glioblastoma O -is O -a O -malignant O -tumor O -that O -occurs O -in O -the O -cerebrum O -during O -adulthood O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -current O -treatment O -regimens O -including O -combined O -surgery O -, O -radiation O -and O -chemotherapy O -, O -the O -average O -life O -expectancy O -of O -the O -patients O -is O -limited O -to O -approximately O -1 O -year O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -patients O -with O -glioblastoma O -sometimes O -have O -intracarotid O -injection O -of O -carcinostatics O -added O -to O -the O -treatment O -regimen O -. O - -aps B-category -Generally O -, O -carboplatin B-Chemical -is O -said O -to O -have O -milder O -side O -effects O -than O -cisplatin B-Chemical -, O -whose O -ocular O -and O -orbital O -toxicity O -are O -well O -known O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -we O -experienced O -a O -case O -of O -severe O -ocular O -and O -orbital O -toxicity O -after O -intracarotid O -injection O -of O -carboplatin B-Chemical -, O -which O -is O -infrequently O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -: O -A O -58 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -received O -an O -intracarotid O -injection O -of O -carboplatin B-Chemical -for O -recurrent O -glioblastomas O -in O -his O -left O -temporal O -lobe O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -complained O -of O -pain O -and O -visual O -disturbance O -in O -the O -ipsilateral O -eye O -30 O -h O -after O -the O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -ocular O -symptoms O -and O -findings O -caused O -by O -carboplatin B-Chemical -toxicity O -were O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -He O -was O -treated O -with O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -corticosteroids O -and O -glycerin B-Chemical -for O -6 O -days O -after O -the O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -intraocular O -pressure O -elevation O -caused O -by O -secondary O -acute O -angle O -- O -closure O -glaucoma O -decreased O -and O -ocular O -pain O -diminished O -, O -inexorable O -papilledema O -and O -exudative O -retinal O -detachment O -continued O -for O -3 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -6 O -weeks O -later O -, O -diffuse O -chorioretinal O -atrophy O -with O -optic O -atrophy O -occurred O -and O -the O -vision O -in O -his O -left O -eye O -was O -lost O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -When O -performing O -intracarotid O -injection O -of O -carboplatin B-Chemical -, O -we O -must O -be O -aware O -of O -its O -potentially O -blinding O -ocular O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -recommended O -that O -further O -studies O -and O -investigations O -are O -undertaken O -in O -the O -effort O -to O -minimize O -such O -severe O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Visual O -hallucinations O -associated O -with O -zonisamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Zonisamide B-Chemical -is O -a O -broad O -- O -spectrum O -antiepileptic O -drug O -used O -to O -treat O -various O -types O -of O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -visual O -hallucinations O -have O -not O -been O -reported O -as O -an O -adverse O -effect O -of O -this O -agent O -, O -we O -describe O -three O -patients O -who O -experienced O -complex O -visual O -hallucinations O -and O -altered O -mental O -status O -after O -zonisamide B-Chemical -treatment O -was O -begun O -or O -its O -dosage O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -three O -had O -been O -diagnosed O -earlier O -with O -epilepsy O -, O -and O -their O -electroencephalogram O -( O -EEG O -) O -findings O -were O -abnormal O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -monitoring O -, O -visual O -hallucinations O -did O -not O -correlate O -with O -EEG O -readings O -, O -nor O -did O -video O -recording O -capture O -any O -of O -the O -described O -events O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -patients O -had O -experienced O -visual O -hallucinations O -before O -this O -event O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -only O -recent O -change O -in O -their O -treatment O -was O -the O -introduction O -or O -increased O -dosage O -of O -zonisamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -either O -discontinuation O -or O -decreased O -dosage O -of O -the O -drug O -the O -symptoms O -disappeared O -and O -did O -not O -recur O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -observations O -and O -reports O -will O -help O -clarify O -this O -adverse O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Until O -then O -, O -clinicians O -need O -to O -be O -aware O -of O -this O -possible O -complication O -associated O -with O -zonisamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Anti O -- O -epileptic O -drugs O -- O -induced O -de O -novo O -absence O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -present O -three O -patients O -with O -de O -novo O -absence O -epilepsy O -after O -administration O -of O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -and O -vigabatrin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -the O -underlying O -diseases O -, O -the O -prognosis O -for O -drug O -- O -induced O -de O -novo O -absence O -seizure O -is O -good O -because O -it O -subsides O -rapidly O -after O -discontinuing O -the O -use O -of O -the O -offending O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -transmitted O -thalamocortical O -circuitry O -accounts O -for O -a O -major O -part O -of O -the O -underlying O -neurophysiology O -of O -the O -absence O -epilepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -drug O -- O -induced O -de O -novo O -absence O -seizure O -is O -rare O -, O -pro O -- O -absence O -drugs O -can O -only O -be O -considered O -a O -promoting O -factor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -underlying O -epileptogenecity O -of O -the O -patients O -or O -the O -synergistic O -effects O -of O -the O -accompanying O -drugs O -is O -required O -to O -trigger O -the O -de O -novo O -absence O -seizure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -of O -drug O -- O -induced O -aggravation O -should O -be O -considered O -whenever O -an O -unexpected O -increase O -in O -seizure O -frequency O -and O -/ O -or O -new O -seizure O -types O -appear O -following O -a O -change O -in O -drug O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -understanding O -the O -underlying O -mechanism O -of O -absence O -epilepsy O -, O -we O -can O -avoid O -the O -inappropriate O -use O -of O -anticonvulsants O -in O -children O -with O -epilepsy O -and O -prevent O -drug O -- O -induced O -absence O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Prenatal O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -programs O -hypertension O -and O -renal O -injury O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexamethasone O -is O -frequently O -administered O -to O -the O -developing O -fetus O -to O -accelerate O -pulmonary O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -the O -present O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -if O -prenatal O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -programmed O -a O -progressive O -increase O -in O -blood O -pressure O -and O -renal O -injury O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Pregnant O -rats O -were O -given O -either O -vehicle O -or O -2 O -daily O -intraperitoneal O -injections O -of O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -) O -on O -gestational O -days O -11 O -and O -12 O -, O -13 O -and O -14 O -, O -15 O -and O -16 O -, O -17 O -and O -18 O -, O -or O -19 O -and O -20 O -. O - -aps B-category -Offspring O -of O -rats O -administered O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -on O -days O -15 O -and O -16 O -gestation O -had O -a O -20 O -% O -reduction O -in O -glomerular O -number O -compared O -with O -control O -at O -6 O -to O -9 O -months O -of O -age O -( O -22 O -527 O -+ O -/ O -- O -509 O -versus O -28 O -050 O -+ O -/ O -- O -561 O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -which O -was O -comparable O -to O -the O -percent O -reduction O -in O -glomeruli O -measured O -at O -3 O -weeks O -of O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -- O -to O -9 O -- O -month O -old O -rats O -receiving O -prenatal O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -on O -days O -17 O -and O -18 O -of O -gestation O -had O -a O -17 O -% O -reduction O -in O -glomeruli O -( O -23 O -380 O -+ O -/ O -- O -587 O -) O -compared O -with O -control O -rats O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -rats O -that O -received O -prenatal O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -on O -days O -15 O -and O -16 O -, O -17 O -and O -18 O -, O -and O -13 O -and O -14 O -of O -gestation O -had O -elevated O -blood O -pressures O -at O -6 O -months O -of O -age O -; O -the O -latter O -group O -did O -not O -have O -a O -reduction O -in O -glomerular O -number O -. O - -aps B-category -Adult O -rats O -given O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -on O -days O -15 O -and O -16 O -of O -gestation O -had O -more O -glomeruli O -with O -glomerulosclerosis O -than O -control O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -shows O -that O -prenatal O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -in O -rats O -results O -in O -a O -reduction O -in O -glomerular O -number O -, O -glomerulosclerosis O -, O -and O -hypertension O -when O -administered O -at O -specific O -points O -during O -gestation O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypertension O -was O -observed O -in O -animals O -that O -had O -a O -reduction O -in O -glomeruli O -as O -well O -as O -in O -a O -group O -that O -did O -not O -have O -a O -reduction O -in O -glomerular O -number O -, O -suggesting O -that O -a O -reduction O -in O -glomerular O -number O -is O -not O -the O -sole O -cause O -for O -the O -development O -of O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Kidney O -function O -and O -morphology O -after O -short O -- O -term O -combination O -therapy O -with O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -, O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -and O -sirolimus B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Sirolimus B-Chemical -( O -SRL B-Chemical -) O -may O -supplement O -calcineurin O -inhibitors O -in O -clinical O -organ O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -are O -nephrotoxic O -, O -but O -SRL B-Chemical -seems O -to O -act O -differently O -displaying O -only O -minor O -nephrotoxic O -effects O -, O -although O -this O -question O -is O -still O -open O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -number O -of O -treatment O -protocols O -where O -SRL B-Chemical -was O -combined O -with O -a O -calcineurin O -inhibitor O -indications O -of O -a O -synergistic O -nephrotoxic O -effect O -were O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -examine O -further O -the O -renal O -function O -, O -including O -morphological O -analysis O -of O -the O -kidneys O -of O -male O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -treated O -with O -either O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -( O -CsA B-Chemical -) O -, O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -( O -FK506 B-Chemical -) O -or O -SRL B-Chemical -as O -monotherapies O -or O -in O -different O -combinations O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -For O -a O -period O -of O -2 O -weeks O -, O -CsA B-Chemical -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -( O -given O -orally O -) O -, O -FK506 B-Chemical -3 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -( O -given O -orally O -) O -or O -SRL B-Chemical -0 O -. O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -( O -given O -intraperitoneally O -) O -was O -administered O -once O -a O -day O -as O -these O -doses O -have O -earlier O -been O -found O -to O -achieve O -a O -significant O -immunosuppressive O -effect O -in O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -' O -conscious O -catheterized O -rat O -' O -model O -, O -the O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -( O -GFR O -) O -was O -measured O -as O -the O -clearance O -of O -Cr O -( O -EDTA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -morphological O -analysis O -of O -the O -kidneys O -included O -a O -semi O -- O -quantitative O -scoring O -system O -analysing O -the O -degree O -of O -striped O -fibrosis O -, O -subcapsular O -fibrosis O -and O -the O -number O -of O -basophilic O -tubules O -, O -plus O -an O -additional O -stereological O -analysis O -of O -the O -total O -grade O -of O -fibrosis O -in O -the O -cortex O -stained O -with O -Sirius O -Red O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -CsA B-Chemical -, O -FK506 B-Chemical -and O -SRL B-Chemical -all O -significantly O -decreased O -the O -GFR O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -further O -deterioration O -was O -seen O -when O -CsA B-Chemical -was O -combined O -with O -either O -FK506 B-Chemical -or O -SRL B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -the O -GFR O -remained O -unchanged O -in O -the O -group O -treated O -with O -FK506 B-Chemical -plus O -SRL B-Chemical -when O -compared O -with O -treatment O -with O -any O -of O -the O -single O -substances O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -morphological O -changes O -presented O -a O -similar O -pattern O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -semi O -- O -quantitative O -scoring O -was O -significantly O -worst O -in O -the O -group O -treated O -with O -CsA B-Chemical -plus O -SRL B-Chemical -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -compared O -with O -controls O -) O -and O -the O -analysis O -of O -the O -total O -grade O -of O -fibrosis O -also O -showed O -the O -highest O -proportion O -in O -the O -same O -group O -and O -was O -significantly O -different O -from O -controls O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -FK506 B-Chemical -plus O -SRL B-Chemical -combination O -showed O -only O -a O -marginally O -higher O -degree O -of O -fibrosis O -as O -compared O -with O -controls O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -This O -rat O -study O -demonstrated O -a O -synergistic O -nephrotoxic O -effect O -of O -CsA B-Chemical -plus O -SRL B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -FK506 B-Chemical -plus O -SRL B-Chemical -was O -better O -tolerated O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -cardiac O -troponin O -I O -and O -T O -levels O -as O -markers O -of O -myocardial O -damage O -in O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiomyopathy O -rats O -, O -and O -their O -relationship O -with O -echocardiographic O -and O -histological O -findings O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Cardiac O -troponins O -I O -( O -cTnI O -) O -and O -T O -( O -cTnT O -) O -have O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -highly O -sensitive O -and O -specific O -markers O -of O -myocardial O -cell O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -investigated O -the O -diagnostic O -value O -of O -cTnI O -and O -cTnT O -for O -the O -diagnosis O -of O -myocardial O -damage O -in O -a O -rat O -model O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -DOX B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -cardiomyopathy O -, O -and O -we O -examined O -the O -relationship O -between O -serial O -cTnI O -and O -cTnT O -with O -the O -development O -of O -cardiac O -disorders O -monitored O -by O -echocardiography O -and O -histological O -examinations O -in O -this O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Thirty O -- O -five O -Wistar O -rats O -were O -given O -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -DOX B-Chemical -, O -i O -. O -v O -. O -, O -weekly O -for O -up O -to O -8 O -weeks O -for O -a O -total O -cumulative O -dose O -of O -12 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -BW O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -rats O -received O -saline O -as O -a O -control O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -cTnI O -was O -measured O -with O -Access O -( O -R O -) O -( O -ng O -/ O -ml O -) O -and O -a O -research O -immunoassay O -( O -pg O -/ O -ml O -) O -, O -and O -compared O -with O -cTnT O -, O -CK O -- O -MB O -mass O -and O -CK O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -using O -transthoracic O -echocardiography O -, O -anterior O -and O -posterior O -wall O -thickness O -, O -LV O -diameters O -and O -LV O -fractional O -shortening O -( O -FS O -) O -were O -measured O -in O -all O -rats O -before O -DOX B-Chemical -or O -saline O -, O -and O -at O -weeks O -6 O -and O -9 O -after O -treatment O -in O -all O -surviving O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Histology O -was O -performed O -in O -DOX B-Chemical -- O -rats O -at O -6 O -and O -9 O -weeks O -after O -the O -last O -DOX B-Chemical -dose O -and O -in O -all O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Eighteen O -of O -the O -DOX B-Chemical -rats O -died O -prematurely O -of O -general O -toxicity O -during O -the O -9 O -- O -week O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -End O -- O -diastolic O -( O -ED O -) O -and O -end O -- O -systolic O -( O -ES O -) O -LV O -diameters O -/ O -BW O -significantly O -increased O -, O -whereas O -LV O -FS O -was O -decreased O -after O -9 O -weeks O -in O -the O -DOX B-Chemical -group O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -parameters O -remained O -unchanged O -in O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Histological O -evaluation O -of O -hearts O -from O -all O -rats O -given O -DOX B-Chemical -revealed O -significant O -slight O -degrees O -of O -perivascular O -and O -interstitial O -fibrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -7 O -of O -the O -18 O -rats O -, O -degeneration O -and O -myocyte O -vacuolisation O -were O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -five O -of O -the O -controls O -exhibited O -evidence O -of O -very O -slight O -perivascular O -fibrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -rise O -in O -cTnT O -was O -found O -in O -DOX B-Chemical -rats O -after O -cumulative O -doses O -of O -7 O -. O -5 O -and O -12 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -in O -comparison O -with O -baseline O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -cTnT O -found O -in O -rats O -after O -12 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -were O -significantly O -greater O -than O -that O -found O -after O -7 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -DOX B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Maximal O -cTnI O -( O -pg O -/ O -ml O -) O -and O -cTnT O -levels O -were O -significantly O -increased O -in O -DOX B-Chemical -rats O -compared O -with O -controls O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -006 O -, O -0 O -. O -007 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -cTnI O -( O -ng O -/ O -ml O -) O -, O -CK O -- O -MB O -mass O -and O -CK O -remained O -unchanged O -in O -DOX B-Chemical -rats O -compared O -with O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -markers O -remained O -stable O -in O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -data O -revealed O -a O -significant O -correlation O -between O -maximal O -cTnT O -and O -ED O -and O -ES O -LV O -diameters O -/ O -BW O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -81 O -and O -0 O -. O -65 O -; O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -0001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -relationship O -was O -observed O -between O -maximal O -cTnT O -and O -the O -extent O -of O -myocardial O -morphological O -changes O -, O -and O -between O -LV O -diameters O -/ O -BW O -and O -histological O -findings O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Among O -markers O -of O -ischemic O -injury O -after O -DOX B-Chemical -in O -rats O -, O -cTnT O -showed O -the O -greatest O -ability O -to O -detect O -myocardial O -damage O -assessed O -by O -echocardiographic O -detection O -and O -histological O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -there O -was O -a O -discrepancy O -between O -the O -amount O -of O -cTnI O -and O -cTnT O -after O -DOX B-Chemical -, O -probably O -due O -to O -heterogeneity O -in O -cross O -- O -reactivities O -of O -mAbs O -to O -various O -cTnI O -and O -cTnT O -forms O -, O -it O -is O -likely O -that O -cTnT O -in O -rats O -after O -DOX B-Chemical -indicates O -cell O -damage O -determined O -by O -the O -magnitude O -of O -injury O -induced O -and O -that O -cTnT O -should O -be O -a O -useful O -marker O -for O -the O -prediction O -of O -experimentally O -induced O -cardiotoxicity O -and O -possibly O -for O -cardioprotective O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -Octreotide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypoxemia O -and O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -in O -premature O -neonates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -report O -2 O -cases O -of O -premature O -neonates O -who O -had O -enterocutaneous O -fistula O -complicating O -necrotizing O -enterocolitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Pulmonary O -hypertension O -developed O -after O -administration O -of O -a O -somatostatin O -analogue O -, O -octreotide B-Chemical -, O -to O -enhance O -resolution O -of O -the O -fistula O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -discuss O -the O -mechanism O -of O -the O -occurrence O -of O -this O -complication O -and O -recommend O -caution O -of O -its O -use O -in O -high O -- O -risk O -premature O -neonates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -risk O -of O -venous O -thromboembolism O -in O -women O -prescribed O -cyproterone B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -ethinyl B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -: O -a O -nested O -cohort O -analysis O -and O -case O -- O -control O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Cyproterone B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -combined O -with O -ethinyl B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -( O -CPA B-Chemical -/ O -EE B-Chemical -) O -is O -licensed O -in O -the O -UK O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -women O -with O -acne O -and O -hirsutism O -and O -is O -also O -a O -treatment O -option O -for O -polycystic O -ovary O -syndrome O -( O -PCOS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -studies O -have O -demonstrated O -an O -increased O -risk O -of O -venous O -thromboembolism O -( O -VTE O -) O -associated O -with O -CPA B-Chemical -/ O -EE B-Chemical -compared O -with O -conventional O -combined O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -( O -COCs O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -believe O -the O -results O -of O -those O -studies O -may O -have O -been O -affected O -by O -residual O -confounding O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Using O -the O -General O -Practice O -Research O -Database O -we O -conducted O -a O -cohort O -analysis O -and O -case O -- O -control O -study O -nested O -within O -a O -population O -of O -women O -aged O -between O -15 O -and O -39 O -years O -with O -acne O -, O -hirsutism O -or O -PCOS O -to O -estimate O -the O -risk O -of O -VTE O -associated O -with O -CPA B-Chemical -/ O -EE B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -age O -- O -adjusted O -incidence O -rate O -ratio O -for O -CPA B-Chemical -/ O -EE B-Chemical -versus O -conventional O -COCs O -was O -2 O -. O -20 O -[ O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -( O -CI O -) O -1 O -. O -35 O -- O -3 O -. O -58 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -as O -the O -reference O -group O -women O -who O -were O -not O -using O -oral O -contraception O -, O -had O -no O -recent O -pregnancy O -or O -menopausal O -symptoms O -, O -the O -case O -- O -control O -analysis O -gave O -an O -adjusted O -odds O -ratio O -( O -OR O -( O -adj O -) O -) O -of O -7 O -. O -44 O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -3 O -. O -67 O -- O -15 O -. O -08 O -) O -for O -CPA B-Chemical -/ O -EE B-Chemical -use O -compared O -with O -an O -OR O -( O -adj O -) O -of O -2 O -. O -58 O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -1 O -. O -60 O -- O -4 O -. O -18 O -) O -for O -use O -of O -conventional O -COCs O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -We O -have O -demonstrated O -an O -increased O -risk O -of O -VTE O -associated O -with O -the O -use O -of O -CPA B-Chemical -/ O -EE B-Chemical -in O -women O -with O -acne O -, O -hirsutism O -or O -PCOS O -although O -residual O -confounding O -by O -indication O -cannot O -be O -excluded O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -treatment O -with O -gum B-Chemical -Arabic I-Chemical -on O -gentamicin B-Chemical -nephrotoxicity O -in O -rats O -: O -a O -preliminary O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -work O -we O -assessed O -the O -effect O -of O -treatment O -of O -rats O -with O -gum B-Chemical -Arabic I-Chemical -on O -acute O -renal O -failure O -induced O -by O -gentamicin B-Chemical -( O -GM B-Chemical -) O -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -were O -treated O -with O -the O -vehicle O -( O -2 O -mL O -/ O -kg O -of O -distilled O -water O -and O -5 O -% O -w O -/ O -v O -cellulose O -, O -10 O -days O -) O -, O -gum B-Chemical -Arabic I-Chemical -( O -2 O -mL O -/ O -kg O -of O -a O -10 O -% O -w O -/ O -v O -aqueous O -suspension O -of O -gum B-Chemical -Arabic I-Chemical -powder O -, O -orally O -for O -10 O -days O -) O -, O -or O -gum B-Chemical -Arabic I-Chemical -concomitantly O -with O -GM B-Chemical -( O -80mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -intramuscularly O -, O -during O -the O -last O -six O -days O -of O -the O -treatment O -period O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Nephrotoxicity O -was O -assessed O -by O -measuring O -the O -concentrations O -of O -creatinine B-Chemical -and O -urea B-Chemical -in O -the O -plasma O -and O -reduced O -glutathione B-Chemical -( O -GSH B-Chemical -) O -in O -the O -kidney O -cortex O -, O -and O -by O -light O -microscopic O -examination O -of O -kidney O -sections O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicated O -that O -concomitant O -treatment O -with O -gum B-Chemical -Arabic I-Chemical -and O -GM B-Chemical -significantly O -increased O -creatinine B-Chemical -and O -urea B-Chemical -by O -about O -183 O -and O -239 O -% O -, O -respectively O -( O -compared O -to O -432 O -and O -346 O -% O -, O -respectively O -, O -in O -rats O -treated O -with O -cellulose O -and O -GM B-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -decreased O -that O -of O -cortical O -GSH B-Chemical -by O -21 O -% O -( O -compared O -to O -27 O -% O -in O -the O -cellulose O -plus O -GM B-Chemical -group O -) O -The O -GM B-Chemical -- O -induced O -proximal O -tubular O -necrosis O -appeared O -to O -be O -slightly O -less O -severe O -in O -rats O -given O -GM B-Chemical -together O -with O -gum B-Chemical -Arabic I-Chemical -than O -in O -those O -given O -GM B-Chemical -and O -cellulose O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -could O -be O -inferred O -that O -gum B-Chemical -Arabic I-Chemical -treatment O -has O -induced O -a O -modest O -amelioration O -of O -some O -of O -the O -histological O -and O -biochemical O -indices O -of O -GM B-Chemical -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -work O -is O -warranted O -on O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -treatments O -on O -renal O -functional O -aspects O -in O -models O -of O -chronic O -renal O -failure O -, O -and O -on O -the O -mechanism O -( O -s O -) O -involved O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -frequency O -of O -venous O -thromboembolism O -with O -the O -combination O -of O -docetaxel B-Chemical -and O -thalidomide B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -metastatic O -androgen O -- O -independent O -prostate O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -STUDY O -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -evaluate O -the O -frequency O -of O -venous O -thromboembolism O -( O -VTE O -) O -in O -patients O -with O -advanced O -androgen O -- O -independent O -prostate O -cancer O -who O -were O -treated O -with O -docetaxel B-Chemical -alone O -or O -in O -combination O -with O -thalidomide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -Retrospective O -analysis O -of O -a O -randomized O -phase O -II O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -SETTING O -: O -National O -Institutes O -of O -Health O -clinical O -research O -center O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -: O -Seventy O -men O -, O -aged O -50 O -- O -80 O -years O -, O -with O -advanced O -androgen O -- O -independent O -prostate O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -INTERVENTION O -: O -Each O -patient O -received O -either O -intravenous O -docetaxel B-Chemical -30 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -/ O -week O -for O -3 O -consecutive O -weeks O -, O -followed O -by O -1 O -week O -off O -, O -or O -the O -combination O -of O -continuous O -oral O -thalidomide B-Chemical -200 O -mg O -every O -evening O -plus O -the O -same O -docetaxel B-Chemical -regimen O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -4 O -- O -week O -cycle O -was O -repeated O -until O -there O -was O -evidence O -of O -excessive O -toxicity O -or O -disease O -progression O -. O - -aps B-category -MEASUREMENTS O -AND O -MAIN O -RESULTS O -: O -None O -of O -23 O -patients O -who O -received O -docetaxel B-Chemical -alone O -developed O -VTE O -, O -whereas O -9 O -of O -47 O -patients O -( O -19 O -% O -) O -who O -received O -docetaxel B-Chemical -plus O -thalidomide B-Chemical -developed O -VTE O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -025 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -The O -addition O -of O -thalidomide B-Chemical -to O -docetaxel B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -prostate O -cancer O -significantly O -increases O -the O -frequency O -of O -VTE O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinicians O -should O -be O -aware O -of O -this O -potential O -complication O -when O -adding O -thalidomide B-Chemical -to O -chemotherapeutic O -regimens O -. O - -aps B-category -Ticlopidine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cholestatic O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -report O -2 O -cases O -of O -ticlopidine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cholestatic O -hepatitis O -, O -investigate O -its O -mechanism O -, O -and O -compare O -the O -observed O -main O -characteristics O -with O -those O -of O -the O -published O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -SUMMARIES O -: O -Two O -patients O -developed O -prolonged O -cholestatic O -hepatitis O -after O -receiving O -ticlopidine B-Chemical -following O -percutaneous O -coronary O -angioplasty O -, O -with O -complete O -remission O -during O -the O -follow O -- O -up O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -T O -- O -cell O -stimulation O -by O -therapeutic O -concentration O -of O -ticlopidine B-Chemical -was O -demonstrated O -in O -vitro O -in O -the O -patients O -, O -but O -not O -in O -healthy O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -DISCUSSION O -: O -Cholestatic O -hepatitis O -is O -a O -rare O -complication O -of O -the O -antiplatelet O -agent O -ticlopidine B-Chemical -; O -several O -cases O -have O -been O -reported O -but O -few O -in O -the O -English O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -patients O -developed O -jaundice O -following O -treatment O -with O -ticlopidine B-Chemical -and O -showed O -the O -clinical O -and O -laboratory O -characteristics O -of O -cholestatic O -hepatitis O -, O -which O -resolved O -after O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatitis O -may O -develop O -weeks O -after O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -drug O -and O -may O -run O -a O -prolonged O -course O -, O -but O -complete O -remission O -was O -observed O -in O -all O -reported O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -objective O -causality O -assessment O -revealed O -that O -the O -adverse O -drug O -event O -was O -probably O -related O -to O -the O -use O -of O -ticlopidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanisms O -of O -this O -ticlopidine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cholestasis O -are O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -Immune O -mechanisms O -may O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -drug O -' O -s O -hepatotoxicity O -, O -as O -suggested O -by O -the O -T O -- O -cell O -stimulation O -study O -reported O -here O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Cholestatic O -hepatitis O -is O -a O -rare O -adverse O -effect O -of O -ticlopidine B-Chemical -that O -may O -be O -immune O -mediated O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -receiving O -the O -drug O -should O -be O -monitored O -with O -liver O -function O -tests O -along O -with O -complete O -blood O -cell O -counts O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -complication O -will O -be O -observed O -even O -less O -often O -in O -the O -future O -as O -ticlopidine B-Chemical -is O -being O -replaced O -by O -the O -newer O -antiplatelet O -agent O -clopidogrel B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Epithelial O -sodium B-Chemical -channel O -( O -ENaC O -) O -subunit O -mRNA O -and O -protein O -expression O -in O -rats O -with O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -experimental O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -, O -urinary O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -is O -decreased O -during O -the O -early O -phase O -of O -the O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -mechanism O -( O -s O -) O -leading O -to O -salt O -retention O -has O -not O -been O -completely O -elucidated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -- O -limiting O -constituent O -of O -collecting O -duct O -sodium B-Chemical -transport O -is O -the O -epithelial O -sodium B-Chemical -channel O -( O -ENaC O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -examined O -the O -abundance O -of O -ENaC O -subunit O -mRNAs O -and O -proteins O -in O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -( O -PAN B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -courses O -of O -urinary O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -, O -plasma O -aldosterone B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -proteinuria O -were O -studied O -in O -male O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -treated O -with O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -either O -PAN B-Chemical -or O -vehicle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -amounts O -of O -alphaENaC O -, O -betaENaC O -and O -gammaENaC O -mRNAs O -were O -determined O -in O -kidneys O -from O -these O -rats O -by O -real O -- O -time O -quantitative O -TaqMan O -PCR O -, O -and O -the O -amounts O -of O -proteins O -by O -Western O -blot O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -urinary O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -and O -the O -appearance O -of O -proteinuria O -were O -comparable O -with O -those O -reported O -previously O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -retention O -occurred O -on O -days O -2 O -, O -3 O -and O -6 O -after O -PAN B-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -up O -- O -regulation O -of O -alphaENaC O -and O -betaENaC O -mRNA O -abundance O -on O -days O -1 O -and O -2 O -preceded O -sodium B-Chemical -retention O -on O -days O -2 O -and O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversely O -, O -down O -- O -regulation O -of O -alphaENaC O -, O -betaENaC O -and O -gammaENaC O -mRNA O -expression O -on O -day O -3 O -occurred O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -high O -aldosterone B-Chemical -concentrations O -, O -and O -was O -followed O -by O -a O -return O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -to O -control O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amounts O -of O -alphaENaC O -, O -betaENaC O -and O -gammaENaC O -proteins O -were O -not O -increased O -during O -PAN B-Chemical -- O -induced O -sodium B-Chemical -retention O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -ENaC O -mRNA O -expression O -, O -especially O -alphaENaC O -, O -is O -increased O -in O -the O -very O -early O -phase O -of O -the O -experimental O -model O -of O -PAN B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -in O -rats O -, O -but O -appears O -to O -escape O -from O -the O -regulation O -by O -aldosterone B-Chemical -after O -day O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Sub O -- O -chronic O -low O -dose O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -vinyl I-Chemical -GABA I-Chemical -( O -vigabatrin B-Chemical -) O -inhibits O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -increases O -in O -nucleus O -accumbens O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -RATIONALE O -: O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Vinyl I-Chemical -GABA I-Chemical -( O -GVG B-Chemical -) O -irreversibly O -inhibits O -GABA B-Chemical -- O -transaminase O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -non O -- O -receptor O -mediated O -inhibition O -requires O -de O -novo O -synthesis O -for O -restoration O -of O -functional O -GABA B-Chemical -catabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -Given O -its O -preclinical O -success O -for O -treating O -substance O -abuse O -and O -the O -increased O -risk O -of O -visual O -field O -defects O -( O -VFD O -) O -associated O -with O -cumulative O -lifetime O -exposure O -, O -we O -explored O -the O -effects O -of O -sub O -- O -chronic O -low O -dose O -GVG B-Chemical -on O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -increases O -in O -nucleus O -accumbens O -( O -NAcc O -) O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Using O -in O -vivo O -microdialysis O -, O -we O -compared O -acute O -exposure O -( O -450 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -to O -an O -identical O -sub O -- O -chronic O -exposure O -( O -150 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -day O -for O -3 O -days O -) O -, O -followed O -by O -1 O -- O -or O -3 O -- O -day O -washout O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -we O -examined O -the O -low O -dose O -of O -150 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -day O -) O -using O -a O -similar O -washout O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Sub O -- O -chronic O -GVG B-Chemical -exposure O -inhibited O -the O -effect O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -for O -3 O -days O -, O -which O -exceeded O -in O -magnitude O -and O -duration O -the O -identical O -acute O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Sub O -- O -chronic O -low O -dose O -GVG B-Chemical -potentiates O -and O -extends O -the O -inhibition O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -increases O -in O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -effectively O -reducing O -cumulative O -exposures O -and O -the O -risk O -for O -VFDS O -. O - -aps B-category -MR O -imaging O -with O -quantitative O -diffusion O -mapping O -of O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -- O -induced O -neurotoxicity O -in O -organ O -transplant O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -objective O -was O -to O -investigate O -brain O -MR O -imaging O -findings O -and O -the O -utility O -of O -diffusion O -- O -weighted O -( O -DW O -) O -imaging O -in O -organ O -transplant O -patients O -who O -developed O -neurologic O -symptoms O -during O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -MR O -studies O -, O -including O -DW O -imaging O -, O -were O -prospectively O -performed O -in O -14 O -organ O -transplant O -patients O -receiving O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -who O -developed O -neurologic O -complications O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -each O -patient O -who O -had O -abnormalities O -on O -the O -initial O -MR O -study O -, O -a O -follow O -- O -up O -MR O -study O -was O -performed O -1 O -month O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -Apparent O -diffusion O -coefficient O -( O -ADC O -) O -values O -on O -the O -initial O -MR O -study O -were O -correlated O -with O -reversibility O -of O -the O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -14 O -patients O -, O -5 O -( O -35 O -. O -7 O -% O -) O -had O -white O -matter O -abnormalities O -, O -1 O -( O -7 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -had O -putaminal O -hemorrhage O -, O -and O -8 O -( O -57 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -had O -normal O -findings O -on O -initial O -MR O -images O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -5 O -patients O -with O -white O -matter O -abnormalities O -, O -4 O -patients O -( O -80 O -. O -0 O -% O -) O -showed O -higher O -than O -normal O -ADC O -values O -on O -initial O -MR O -images O -, O -and O -all O -showed O -complete O -resolution O -on O -follow O -- O -up O -images O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -remaining O -1 O -patient O -( O -20 O -. O -0 O -% O -) O -showed O -lower O -than O -normal O -ADC O -value O -and O -showed O -incomplete O -resolution O -with O -cortical O -laminar O -necrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Diffusion O -- O -weighted O -imaging O -may O -be O -useful O -in O -predicting O -the O -outcomes O -of O -the O -lesions O -of O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -- O -induced O -neurotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -transport O -in O -humans O -with O -cortisol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -deficient O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -- O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -system O -is O -implicated O -in O -cortisol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -investigate O -whether O -abnormalities O -in O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -uptake O -contribute O -to O -this O -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -healthy O -men O -were O -recruited O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrocortisone B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -) O -was O -given O -orally O -every O -6 O -hours O -for O -24 O -hours O -after O -a O -5 O -- O -day O -fixed O -- O -salt O -diet O -( O -150 O -mmol O -/ O -d O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Crossover O -studies O -were O -performed O -2 O -weeks O -apart O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -milliliters O -of O -blood O -was O -obtained O -for O -isolation O -of O -peripheral O -blood O -mononuclear O -cells O -after O -each O -treatment O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -uptake O -was O -assessed O -in O -mononuclear O -cells O -incubated O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -( O -1 O -to O -300 O -micromol O -/ O -L O -) O -, O -incorporating O -100 O -nmol O -/ O -L O -[ B-Chemical -3H I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -for O -a O -period O -of O -5 O -minutes O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -Forearm O -[ B-Chemical -3H I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -extraction O -was O -calculated O -after O -infusion O -of O -[ B-Chemical -3H I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -into O -the O -brachial O -artery O -at O -a O -rate O -of O -100 O -nCi O -/ O -min O -for O -80 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -Deep O -forearm O -venous O -samples O -were O -collected O -for O -determination O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -extraction O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -cortisol B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -significantly O -raised O -during O -the O -active O -phase O -( O -323 O -+ O -/ O -- O -43 O -to O -1082 O -+ O -/ O -- O -245 O -mmol O -/ O -L O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Systolic O -blood O -pressure O -was O -elevated O -by O -an O -average O -of O -7 O -mm O -Hg O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -transport O -into O -mononuclear O -cells O -( O -placebo O -vs O -active O -, O -26 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -6 O -vs O -29 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -1 O -pmol O -/ O -10 O -000 O -cells O -per O -5 O -minutes O -, O -respectively O -, O -at O -an O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -concentration O -of O -300 O -micromol O -/ O -L O -) O -nor O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -extraction O -in O -the O -forearm O -( O -at O -80 O -minutes O -, O -placebo O -vs O -active O -, O -1 O -868 O -904 O -+ O -/ O -- O -434 O -962 O -vs O -2 O -013 O -910 O -+ O -/ O -- O -770 O -619 O -disintegrations O -per O -minute O -) O -was O -affected O -by O -cortisol B-Chemical -treatment O -; O -ie O -, O -that O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -uptake O -is O -not O -affected O -by O -short O -- O -term O -cortisol B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -cortisol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -increases O -in O -blood O -pressure O -are O -not O -associated O -with O -abnormalities O -in O -the O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -transport O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Amount O -of O -bleeding O -and O -hematoma O -size O -in O -the O -collagenase O -- O -induced O -intracerebral O -hemorrhage O -rat O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aggravated O -risk O -on O -intracerebral O -hemorrhage O -( O -ICH O -) O -with O -drugs O -used O -for O -stroke O -patients O -should O -be O -estimated O -carefully O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -therefore O -established O -sensitive O -quantification O -methods O -and O -provided O -a O -rat O -ICH O -model O -for O -detection O -of O -ICH O -deterioration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -ICH O -intrastriatally O -induced O -by O -0 O -. O -014 O -- O -unit O -, O -0 O -. O -070 O -- O -unit O -, O -and O -0 O -. O -350 O -- O -unit O -collagenase O -, O -the O -amount O -of O -bleeding O -was O -measured O -using O -a O -hemoglobin O -assay O -developed O -in O -the O -present O -study O -and O -was O -compared O -with O -the O -morphologically O -determined O -hematoma O -volume O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -blood O -amounts O -and O -hematoma O -volumes O -were O -significantly O -correlated O -, O -and O -the O -hematoma O -induced O -by O -0 O -. O -014 O -- O -unit O -collagenase O -was O -adequate O -to O -detect O -ICH O -deterioration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -ICH O -induction O -using O -0 O -. O -014 O -- O -unit O -collagenase O -, O -heparin B-Chemical -enhanced O -the O -hematoma O -volume O -3 O -. O -4 O -- O -fold O -over O -that O -seen O -in O -control O -ICH O -animals O -and O -the O -bleeding O -7 O -. O -6 O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -suggest O -that O -this O -sensitive O -hemoglobin O -assay O -is O -useful O -for O -ICH O -detection O -, O -and O -that O -a O -model O -with O -a O -small O -ICH O -induced O -with O -a O -low O -- O -dose O -collagenase O -should O -be O -used O -for O -evaluation O -of O -drugs O -that O -may O -affect O -ICH O -. O - -aps B-category -Estradiol B-Chemical -reduces O -seizure O -- O -induced O -hippocampal O -injury O -in O -ovariectomized O -female O -but O -not O -in O -male O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Estrogens O -protect O -ovariectomized O -rats O -from O -hippocampal O -injury O -induced O -by O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -induced O -status O -epilepticus O -( O -SE O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -compared O -the O -effects O -of O -17beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -in O -adult O -male O -and O -ovariectomized O -female O -rats O -subjected O -to O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -SE O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -received O -subcutaneous O -injections O -of O -17beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -( O -2 O -microg O -/ O -rat O -) O -or O -oil O -once O -daily O -for O -four O -consecutive O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -SE O -was O -induced O -20 O -h O -following O -the O -second O -injection O -and O -terminated O -3 O -h O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extent O -of O -silver B-Chemical -- O -stained O -CA3 O -and O -CA1 O -hippocampal O -neurons O -was O -evaluated O -2 O -days O -after O -SE O -. O - -aps B-category -17beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Estradiol I-Chemical -did O -not O -alter O -the O -onset O -of O -first O -clonus O -in O -ovariectomized O -rats O -but O -accelerated O -it O -in O -males O -. O - -aps B-category -17beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Estradiol I-Chemical -reduced O -the O -argyrophilic O -neurons O -in O -the O -CA1 O -and O -CA3 O -- O -C O -sectors O -of O -ovariectomized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -males O -, O -estradiol B-Chemical -increased O -the O -total O -damage O -score O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -the O -effects O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -on O -seizure O -threshold O -and O -damage O -may O -be O -altered O -by O -sex O -- O -related O -differences O -in O -the O -hormonal O -environment O -. O - -aps B-category -Pseudoacromegaly O -induced O -by O -the O -long O -- O -term O -use O -of O -minoxidil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Acromegaly O -is O -an O -endocrine O -disorder O -caused O -by O -chronic O -excessive O -growth O -hormone O -secretion O -from O -the O -anterior O -pituitary O -gland O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -disfiguring O -changes O -occur O -as O -a O -result O -of O -bone O -, O -cartilage O -, O -and O -soft O -tissue O -hypertrophy O -, O -including O -the O -thickening O -of O -the O -skin O -, O -coarsening O -of O -facial O -features O -, O -and O -cutis O -verticis O -gyrata O -. O - -aps B-category -Pseudoacromegaly O -, O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -is O -the O -presence O -of O -similar O -acromegaloid O -features O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -elevated O -growth O -hormone O -or O -insulin O -- O -like O -growth O -factor O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -present O -a O -patient O -with O -pseudoacromegaly O -that O -resulted O -from O -the O -long O -- O -term O -use O -of O -minoxidil B-Chemical -at O -an O -unusually O -high O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -the O -first O -case O -report O -of O -pseudoacromegaly O -as O -a O -side O -effect O -of O -minoxidil B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Combined O -androgen O -blockade O -- O -induced O -anemia O -in O -prostate O -cancer O -patients O -without O -bone O -involvement O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -To O -determine O -the O -onset O -and O -extent O -of O -combined O -androgen O -blockade O -( O -CAB O -) O -- O -induced O -anemia O -in O -prostate O -cancer O -patients O -without O -bone O -involvement O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -Forty O -- O -two O -patients O -with O -biopsy O -- O -proven O -prostatic O -adenocarcinoma O -[ O -26 O -with O -stage O -C O -( O -T3N0M0 O -) O -and O -16 O -with O -stage O -D1 O -( O -T3N1M0 O -) O -] O -were O -included O -in O -this O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -received O -CAB O -[ O -leuprolide B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -( O -LHRH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -A I-Chemical -) O -3 O -. O -75 O -mg O -, O -intramuscularly O -, O -every O -28 O -days O -plus O -250 O -mg O -flutamide B-Chemical -, O -tid O -, O -per O -Os O -] O -and O -were O -evaluated O -for O -anemia O -by O -physical O -examination O -and O -laboratory O -tests O -at O -baseline O -and O -4 O -subsequent O -intervals O -( O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -3 O -and O -6 O -months O -post O -- O -CAB O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Hb O -, O -PSA O -and O -Testosterone B-Chemical -measurements O -were O -recorded O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -stage O -D2 O -- O -3 O -disease O -, O -abnormal O -hemoglobin O -level O -or O -renal O -and O -liver O -function O -tests O -that O -were O -higher O -than O -the O -upper O -limits O -were O -excluded O -from O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -duration O -of O -the O -study O -was O -six O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -mean O -hemoglobin O -( O -Hb O -) O -levels O -were O -significantly O -declined O -in O -all O -patients O -from O -baseline O -of O -14 O -. O -2 O -g O -/ O -dl O -to O -14 O -. O -0 O -g O -/ O -dl O -, O -13 O -. O -5 O -g O -/ O -dl O -, O -13 O -. O -2 O -g O -/ O -dl O -and O -12 O -. O -7 O -g O -/ O -dl O -at O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -3 O -and O -6 O -months O -post O -- O -CAB O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -and O -clinically O -evident O -anemia O -of O -Hb O -< O -11 O -g O -/ O -dl O -with O -clinical O -symptoms O -was O -detected O -in O -6 O -patients O -( O -14 O -. O -3 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -CAB O -- O -induced O -anemia O -was O -normochromic O -and O -normocytic O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -six O -months O -post O -- O -CAB O -, O -patients O -with O -severe O -anemia O -had O -a O -Hb O -mean O -value O -of O -10 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -1 O -g O -/ O -dl O -( O -X O -+ O -/ O -- O -SE O -) O -, O -whereas O -the O -other O -patients O -had O -mild O -anemia O -with O -Hb O -mean O -value O -of O -13 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -17 O -( O -X O -+ O -/ O -- O -SE O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -development O -of O -severe O -anemia O -at O -6 O -months O -post O -- O -CAB O -was O -predictable O -by O -the O -reduction O -of O -Hb O -baseline O -value O -of O -more O -than O -2 O -. O -5 O -g O -/ O -dl O -after O -3 O -months O -of O -CAB O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -development O -of O -severe O -CAB O -- O -induced O -anemia O -in O -prostate O -cancer O -patients O -did O -not O -correlate O -with O -T O -baseline O -values O -( O -T O -< O -3 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -versus O -T O -> O -or O -= O -3 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -) O -, O -with O -age O -( O -< O -76 O -yrs O -versus O -> O -or O -= O -76 O -yrs O -) O -, O -and O -clinical O -stage O -( O -stage O -C O -versus O -stage O -D1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -and O -clinically O -evident O -anemia O -was O -easily O -corrected O -by O -subcutaneous O -injections O -( O -3 O -times O -/ O -week O -for O -1 O -month O -) O -of O -recombinant O -erythropoietin O -( O -rHuEPO O -- O -beta O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Our O -data O -suggest O -that O -rHuEPO O -- O -beta O -correctable O -CAB O -- O -induced O -anemia O -occurs O -in O -14 O -. O -3 O -% O -of O -prostate O -cancer O -patients O -after O -6 O -months O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Delirium O -during O -clozapine B-Chemical -treatment O -: O -incidence O -and O -associated O -risk O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Incidence O -and O -risk O -factors O -for O -delirium O -during O -clozapine B-Chemical -treatment O -require O -further O -clarification O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -used O -computerized O -pharmacy O -records O -to O -identify O -all O -adult O -psychiatric O -inpatients O -treated O -with O -clozapine B-Chemical -( O -1995 O -- O -96 O -) O -, O -reviewed O -their O -medical O -records O -to O -score O -incidence O -and O -severity O -of O -delirium O -, O -and O -tested O -associations O -with O -potential O -risk O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Subjects O -( O -n O -= O -139 O -) O -were O -72 O -women O -and O -67 O -men O -, O -aged O -40 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -12 O -. O -1 O -years O -, O -hospitalized O -for O -24 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -23 O -. O -3 O -days O -, O -and O -given O -clozapine B-Chemical -, O -gradually O -increased O -to O -an O -average O -daily O -dose O -of O -282 O -+ O -/ O -- O -203 O -mg O -( O -3 O -. O -45 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -45 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -for O -18 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -16 O -. O -4 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Delirium O -was O -diagnosed O -in O -14 O -( O -10 O -. O -1 O -% O -incidence O -, O -or O -1 O -. O -48 O -cases O -/ O -person O -- O -years O -of O -exposure O -) O -; O -71 O -. O -4 O -% O -of O -cases O -were O -moderate O -or O -severe O -. O - -aps B-category -Associated O -factors O -were O -co O -- O -treatment O -with O -other O -centrally O -antimuscarinic O -agents O -, O -poor O -clinical O -outcome O -, O -older O -age O -, O -and O -longer O -hospitalization O -( O -by O -17 O -. O -5 O -days O -, O -increasing O -cost O -) O -; O -sex O -, O -diagnosis O -or O -medical O -co O -- O -morbidity O -, O -and O -daily O -clozapine B-Chemical -dose O -, O -which O -fell O -with O -age O -, O -were O -unrelated O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Delirium O -was O -found O -in O -10 O -% O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -inpatients O -, O -particularly O -in O -older O -patients O -exposed O -to O -other O -central O -anticholinergics O -. O - -aps B-category -Delirium O -was O -inconsistently O -recognized O -clinically O -in O -milder O -cases O -and O -was O -associated O -with O -increased O -length O -- O -of O -- O -stay O -and O -higher O -costs O -, O -and O -inferior O -clinical O -outcome O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroprotective O -action O -of O -MPEP B-Chemical -, O -a O -selective O -mGluR5 O -antagonist O -, O -in O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dopaminergic O -neurotoxicity O -is O -associated O -with O -a O -decrease O -in O -dopamine B-Chemical -outflow O -and O -inhibition O -of O -hyperthermia O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -examine O -the O -role O -of O -metabotropic O -glutamate B-Chemical -receptor O -5 O -( O -mGluR5 O -) O -in O -the O -toxic O -action O -of O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -on O -dopaminergic O -neurones O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Methamphetamine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -sc O -) O -, O -administered O -five O -times O -, O -reduced O -the O -levels O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -its O -metabolites O -in O -striatal O -tissue O -when O -measured O -72 O -h O -after O -the O -last O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -selective O -antagonist O -of O -mGluR5 O -, O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -phenylethynyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -pyridine I-Chemical -( O -MPEP B-Chemical -; O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -ip O -) O -, O -when O -administered O -five O -times O -immediately O -before O -each O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -injection O -reversed O -the O -above O -- O -mentioned O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -MPEP B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -ip O -) O -injection O -reduced O -the O -basal O -extracellular O -dopamine B-Chemical -level O -in O -the O -striatum O -, O -as O -well O -as O -dopamine B-Chemical -release O -stimulated O -either O -by O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -sc O -) O -or O -by O -intrastriatally O -administered O -veratridine B-Chemical -( O -100 O -microM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -it O -transiently O -diminished O -the O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -sc O -) O -- O -induced O -hyperthermia O -and O -reduced O -basal O -body O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -MPEP B-Chemical -administered O -into O -the O -striatum O -at O -high O -concentrations O -( O -500 O -microM O -) O -increased O -extracellular O -dopamine B-Chemical -levels O -, O -while O -lower O -concentrations O -( O -50 O -- O -100 O -microM O -) O -were O -devoid O -of O -any O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -this O -study O -suggest O -that O -the O -blockade O -of O -mGluR5 O -by O -MPEP B-Chemical -may O -protect O -dopaminergic O -neurones O -against O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroprotection O -rendered O -by O -MPEP B-Chemical -may O -be O -associated O -with O -the O -reduction O -of O -the O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dopamine B-Chemical -efflux O -in O -the O -striatum O -due O -to O -the O -blockade O -of O -extrastriatal O -mGluR5 O -, O -and O -with O -a O -decrease O -in O -hyperthermia O -. O - -aps B-category -Protective O -efficacy O -of O -neuroactive O -steroids B-Chemical -against O -cocaine B-Chemical -kindled O -- O -seizures O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroactive O -steroids B-Chemical -demonstrate O -pharmacological O -actions O -that O -have O -relevance O -for O -a O -host O -of O -neurological O -and O -psychiatric O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -offer O -protection O -against O -seizures O -in O -a O -range O -of O -models O -and O -seem O -to O -inhibit O -certain O -stages O -of O -drug O -dependence O -in O -preclinical O -assessments O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -evaluate O -two O -endogenous O -and O -one O -synthetic O -neuroactive O -steroid B-Chemical -that O -positively O -modulate O -the O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -) O -receptor O -against O -the O -increase O -in O -sensitivity O -to O -the O -convulsant O -effects O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -engendered O -by O -repeated O -cocaine B-Chemical -administration O -( O -seizure O -kindling O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Allopregnanolone B-Chemical -( O -3alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pregnan I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -20 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -one I-Chemical -) O -, O -pregnanolone B-Chemical -( O -3alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pregnan I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -20 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -one I-Chemical -) O -and O -ganaxolone B-Chemical -( O -a O -synthetic O -derivative O -of O -allopregnanolone B-Chemical -3alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pregnan I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -20 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -one I-Chemical -) O -were O -tested O -for O -their O -ability O -to O -suppress O -the O -expression O -( O -anticonvulsant O -effect O -) O -and O -development O -( O -antiepileptogenic O -effect O -) O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -kindled O -seizures O -in O -male O -, O -Swiss O -- O -Webster O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Kindled O -seizures O -were O -induced O -by O -daily O -administration O -of O -60 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -cocaine B-Chemical -for O -5 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -of O -these O -positive O -GABA B-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -modulators O -suppressed O -the O -expression O -of O -kindled O -seizures O -, O -whereas O -only O -allopregnanolone B-Chemical -and O -ganaxolone B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -development O -of O -kindling O -. O - -aps B-category -Allopregnanolone B-Chemical -and O -pregnanolone B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -ganaxolone B-Chemical -, O -also O -reduced O -cumulative O -lethality O -associated O -with O -kindling O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -demonstrate O -that O -some O -neuroactive O -steroids B-Chemical -attenuate O -convulsant O -and O -sensitizing O -properties O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -add O -to O -a O -growing O -literature O -on O -their O -potential O -use O -in O -the O -modulation O -of O -effects O -of O -drugs O -of O -abuse O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -humoral O -modulators O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -increase O -in O -locomotor O -activity O -of O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -humoral O -modulators O -on O -the O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -increase O -in O -locomotor O -activity O -of O -mice O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subcutaneous O -administration O -of O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -HC1 O -produced O -a O -marked O -increase O -in O -locomotor O -activity O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -was O -potentiated O -by O -scopolamine B-Chemical -and O -attenuated O -by O -physostigmine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -both O -methscopolamine B-Chemical -and O -neostigmine B-Chemical -, O -which O -do O -not O -penetrate O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -, O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -hyperactivity O -produced O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -of O -mice O -with O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltyrosine I-Chemical -( O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -, O -one O -hour O -) O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -, O -significantly O -decreased O -the O -activity O -- O -increasing O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -pretreatment O -with O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chlorophenylalamine I-Chemical -( O -3 O -X O -320 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -, O -24 O -hr O -) O -, O -a O -serotonin B-Chemical -depletor O -, O -caused O -no O -significant O -change O -in O -the O -hyperactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -suggests O -that O -the O -activity O -- O -increasing O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -are O -mediated O -by O -the O -release O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -from O -adrenergic O -neurons O -in O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -And O -the O -results O -are O -consistent O -with O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -morphine B-Chemical -acts O -by O -retarding O -the O -release O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -at O -some O -central O -cholinergic O -synapses O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -also O -suggested O -from O -collected O -evidence O -that O -the O -activity O -- O -increasing O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -mice O -are O -mediated O -by O -mechanisms O -different O -from O -those O -which O -mediate O -the O -activity O -- O -increasing O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -uninephrectomy O -and O -high O -protein O -feeding O -on O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -chronic O -renal O -failure O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -with O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephropathy O -were O -subjected O -to O -high O -protein O -( O -HP O -) O -feeding O -, O -uninephrectomy O -( O -NX O -) O -or O -a O -combination O -of O -these O -, O -in O -an O -attempt O -to O -induce O -glomerular O -hyperfiltration O -and O -further O -progression O -of O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Newborn O -female O -Wistar O -rats O -were O -fed O -a O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -containing O -diet O -( O -50 O -mmol O -/ O -kg O -) O -for O -8 O -weeks O -and O -then O -randomized O -to O -normal O -diet O -, O -HP O -diet O -( O -40 O -vs O -. O -19 O -% O -) O -, O -NX O -or O -HP O -+ O -NX O -for O -another O -8 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Corresponding O -non O -- O -lithium B-Chemical -pretreated O -groups O -were O -generated O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -comparing O -all O -lithium B-Chemical -treated O -versus O -non O -- O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -treated O -groups O -, O -lithium B-Chemical -caused O -a O -reduction O -in O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -( O -GFR O -) O -without O -significant O -changes O -in O -effective O -renal O -plasma O -flow O -( O -as O -determined O -by O -a O -marker O -secreted O -into O -the O -proximal O -tubules O -) O -or O -lithium B-Chemical -clearance O -. O - -aps B-category -Consequently O -, O -lithium B-Chemical -pretreatment O -caused O -a O -fall O -in O -filtration O -fraction O -and O -an O -increase O -in O -fractional O -Li B-Chemical -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -also O -caused O -proteinuria O -and O -systolic O -hypertension O -in O -absence O -of O -glomerulosclerosis O -. O - -aps B-category -HP O -failed O -to O -accentuante O -progression O -of O -renal O -failure O -and O -in O -fact O -tended O -to O -increase O -GFR O -and O -decrease O -plasma O -creatinine B-Chemical -levels O -in O -lithium B-Chemical -pretreated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -NX O -caused O -an O -additive O -deterioration O -in O -GFR O -which O -, O -however O -, O -was O -ameliorated O -by O -HP O -. O - -aps B-category -NX O -+ O -HP O -caused O -a O -further O -rise O -in O -blood O -pressure O -in O -Li B-Chemical -- O -pretreated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -Li B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephropathy O -, O -even O -when O -the O -GFR O -is O -only O -modestly O -reduced O -, O -is O -associated O -with O -proteinuria O -and O -arterial O -systolic O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -model O -of O -chronic O -renal O -failure O -the O -decline O -in O -GFR O -is O -not O -accompanied O -by O -a O -corresponding O -fall O -in O -effective O -renal O -plasma O -flow O -, O -which O -may O -be O -the O -functional O -expression O -of O -the O -formation O -of O -nonfiltrating O -atubular O -glomeruli O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fractional O -reabsorption O -of O -tubular O -fluid O -by O -the O -proximal O -tubules O -is O -reduced O -, O -leaving O -the O -distal O -delivery O -unchanged O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -Crohn O -' O -s O -disease O -with O -fusidic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -: O -an O -antibiotic O -with O -immunosuppressive O -properties O -similar O -to O -cyclosporin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Fusidic O -acid O -is O -an O -antibiotic O -with O -T O -- O -cell O -specific O -immunosuppressive O -effects O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -cyclosporin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -the O -need O -for O -the O -development O -of O -new O -treatments O -for O -Crohn O -' O -s O -disease O -, O -a O -pilot O -study O -was O -undertaken O -to O -estimate O -the O -pharmacodynamics O -and O -tolerability O -of O -fusidic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -treatment O -in O -chronic O -active O -, O -therapy O -- O -resistant O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -Crohn O -' O -s O -disease O -patients O -were O -included O -. O - -aps B-category -Fusidic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -administered O -orally O -in O -a O -dose O -of O -500 O -mg O -t O -. O -d O -. O -s O -. O -and O -the O -treatment O -was O -planned O -to O -last O -8 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -disease O -activity O -was O -primarily O -measured O -by O -a O -modified O -individual O -grading O -score O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -of O -8 O -patients O -( O -63 O -% O -) O -improved O -during O -fusidic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -treatment O -: O -3 O -at O -two O -weeks O -and O -2 O -after O -four O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -serious O -clinical O -side O -effects O -, O -but O -dose O -reduction O -was O -required O -in O -two O -patients O -because O -of O -nausea O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemically O -, O -an O -increase O -in O -alkaline O -phosphatases O -was O -noted O -in O -5 O -of O -8 O -cases O -( O -63 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -the O -greatest O -increases O -were O -seen O -in O -those O -who O -had O -elevated O -levels O -prior O -to O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -reversed O -to O -pre O -- O -treatment O -levels O -after O -cessation O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -this O -pilot O -study O -suggest O -that O -fusidic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -may O -be O -of O -benefit O -in O -selected O -chronic O -active O -Crohn O -' O -s O -disease O -patients O -in O -whom O -conventional O -treatment O -is O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -there O -seems O -to O -exist O -a O -scientific O -rationale O -for O -the O -use O -of O -fusidic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -at O -the O -cytokine O -level O -in O -inflammatory O -bowel O -disease O -, O -we O -suggest O -that O -the O -role O -of O -this O -treatment O -should O -be O -further O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -depressive O -status O -associated O -with O -topical O -beta O -- O -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -Depression O -and O -sexual O -dysfunction O -have O -been O -related O -to O -side O -effects O -of O -topical O -beta O -- O -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -performed O -a O -preliminary O -study O -in O -order O -to O -determine O -any O -difference O -between O -a O -non O -selective O -beta O -- O -blocker O -( O -timolol B-Chemical -) O -and O -a O -selective O -beta O -- O -blocker O -( O -betaxolol B-Chemical -) O -regarding O -CNS O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -glaucomatous O -patients O -chronically O -treated O -with O -timolol B-Chemical -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -/ O -12h O -, O -suffering O -from O -depression O -diagnosed O -through O -DMS O -- O -III O -- O -R O -criteria O -, O -were O -included O -in O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -six O -- O -month O -follow O -up O -, O -depression O -was O -quantified O -through O -the O -Beck O -and O -Zung O -- O -Conde O -scales O -every O -two O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -double O -blind O -cross O -- O -over O -study O -with O -control O -group O -, O -the O -patients O -under O -timolol B-Chemical -treatment O -presented O -higher O -depression O -values O -measured O -through O -the O -Beck O -and O -the O -Zung O -- O -Conde O -scales O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -vs O -control O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -betaxolol B-Chemical -could O -be O -less O -of O -a O -depression O -- O -inducer O -than O -timolol B-Chemical -in O -predisposed O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Protection O -against O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -neurotoxicity O -toward O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -neurons O -in O -rodents O -by O -LY274614 B-Chemical -, O -an O -excitatory O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -LY274614 B-Chemical -, O -3SR B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4aRS I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -6SR I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -8aRS I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -phosphonomethyl I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -decahydr I-Chemical -oisoquinoline I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboxylic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -has O -been O -described O -as O -a O -potent O -antagonist O -of O -the O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -( O -NMDA B-Chemical -) O -subtype O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -its O -ability O -to O -antagonize O -the O -prolonged O -depletion O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -striatum O -by O -amphetamine B-Chemical -in O -iprindole B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -18 O -. O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -( O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -dose O -of O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -amphetamine B-Chemical -hemisulfate O -, O -given O -to O -rats O -pretreated O -with O -iprindole B-Chemical -, O -resulted O -in O -persistent O -depletion O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -striatum O -1 O -week O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -prolonged O -depletion O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -striatum O -was O -antagonized O -by O -dizocilpine B-Chemical -( O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -, O -a O -non O -- O -competitive O -antagonist O -of O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptors O -) O -or O -by O -LY274614 B-Chemical -( O -a O -competitive O -antagonist O -of O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptors O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protective O -effect O -of O -LY274614 B-Chemical -was O -dose O -- O -dependent O -, O -being O -maximum O -at O -10 O -- O -40 O -mgkg O -( O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -dose O -of O -LY274614 B-Chemical -was O -effective O -in O -antagonizing O -the O -depletion O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -striatum O -, O -when O -given O -as O -long O -as O -8 O -hr O -prior O -to O -amphetamine B-Chemical -but O -not O -when O -given O -24 O -hr O -prior O -to O -amphetamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Depletion O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -striatum O -was O -also O -antagonized O -when O -LY274614 B-Chemical -was O -given O -after O -the O -injection O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -; O -LY274614 B-Chemical -protected O -when O -given O -up O -to O -4 O -hr O -after O -but O -not O -when O -given O -8 O -or O -24 O -hr O -after O -amphetamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prolonged O -depletion O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -striatum O -in O -mice O -, O -given O -multiple O -injections O -of O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -, O -was O -also O -antagonized O -dose O -- O -dependently O -and O -completely O -by O -LY274614 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -strengthen O -the O -evidence O -that O -the O -neurotoxic O -effect O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -and O -related O -compounds O -toward O -nigrostriatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -neurons O -involves O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptors O -and O -that O -LY274614 B-Chemical -is O -an O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonist O -with O -long O -- O -lasting O -in O -vivo O -effects O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Ketoconazole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -neurologic O -sequelae O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -77 O -- O -y O -- O -old O -patient O -developed O -weakness O -of O -extremities O -, O -legs O -paralysis O -, O -dysarthria O -and O -tremor O -1 O -h O -after O -ingestion O -of O -200 O -mg O -ketoconazole B-Chemical -for O -the O -first O -time O -in O -his O -life O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -complaints O -faded O -away O -within O -24 O -h O -. O - -aps B-category -Few O -days O -later O -, O -the O -patient O -used O -another O -200 O -mg O -ketoconazole B-Chemical -tablet O -, O -and O -within O -an O -hour O -experienced O -a O -similar O -clinical O -picture O -, O -which O -resolved O -again O -spontaneously O -within O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Laboratory O -evaluations O -, O -including O -head O -CT O -scan O -, O -were O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -illustrates O -the O -need O -for O -close O -vigilance O -in O -adverse O -drug O -reactions O -, O -particularly O -in O -the O -elderly O -. O - -aps B-category -Development O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -in O -parkinsonian O -monkeys O -may O -depend O -upon O -rate O -of O -symptom O -onset O -and O -/ O -or O -duration O -of O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -( O -LIDs O -) O -present O -a O -major O -problem O -for O -the O -long O -- O -term O -management O -of O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -( O -PD O -) O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Due O -to O -the O -interdependence O -of O -risk O -factors O -in O -clinical O -populations O -, O -it O -is O -difficult O -to O -independently O -examine O -factors O -that O -may O -influence O -the O -development O -of O -LIDs O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -macaque O -monkeys O -with O -different O -types O -of O -MPTP B-Chemical -- O -induced O -parkinsonism O -, O -the O -current O -study O -evaluated O -the O -degree O -to O -which O -rate O -of O -symptom O -progression O -, O -symptom O -severity O -, O -and O -response O -to O -and O -duration O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -therapy O -may O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -development O -of O -LIDs O -. O - -aps B-category -Monkeys O -with O -acute O -( O -short O -- O -term O -) O -MPTP B-Chemical -exposure O -, O -rapid O -symptom O -onset O -and O -short O -symptom O -duration O -prior O -to O -initiation O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -therapy O -developed O -dyskinesia O -between O -11 O -and O -24 O -days O -of O -daily O -levodopa B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -monkeys O -with O -long O -- O -term O -MPTP B-Chemical -exposure O -, O -slow O -symptom O -progression O -and O -/ O -or O -long O -symptom O -duration O -prior O -to O -initiation O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -therapy O -were O -more O -resistant O -to O -developing O -LIDs O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -dyskinesia O -developed O -no O -sooner O -than O -146 O -days O -of O -chronic O -levodopa B-Chemical -administration O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -animals O -were O -similarly O -symptomatic O -at O -the O -start O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -treatment O -and O -had O -similar O -therapeutic O -responses O -to O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -distinct O -differences O -in O -the O -propensity O -to O -develop O -LIDs O -in O -monkeys O -with O -different O -rates O -of O -symptom O -progression O -or O -symptom O -durations O -prior O -to O -levodopa B-Chemical -and O -demonstrate O -the O -value O -of O -these O -models O -for O -further O -studying O -the O -pathophysiology O -of O -LIDs O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -diet O -promoting O -sugar O -dependency O -causes O -behavioral O -cross O -- O -sensitization O -to O -a O -low O -dose O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -research O -in O -this O -laboratory O -has O -shown O -that O -a O -diet O -of O -intermittent O -excessive O -sugar O -consumption O -produces O -a O -state O -with O -neurochemical O -and O -behavioral O -similarities O -to O -drug O -dependency O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -examined O -whether O -female O -rats O -on O -various O -regimens O -of O -sugar O -access O -would O -show O -behavioral O -cross O -- O -sensitization O -to O -a O -low O -dose O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -30 O -- O -min O -baseline O -measure O -of O -locomotor O -activity O -( O -day O -0 O -) O -, O -animals O -were O -maintained O -on O -a O -cyclic O -diet O -of O -12 O -- O -h O -deprivation O -followed O -by O -12 O -- O -h O -access O -to O -10 O -% O -sucrose B-Chemical -solution O -and O -chow O -pellets O -( O -12 O -h O -access O -starting O -4 O -h O -after O -onset O -of O -the O -dark O -period O -) O -for O -21 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Locomotor O -activity O -was O -measured O -again O -for O -30 O -min O -at O -the O -beginning O -of O -days O -1 O -and O -21 O -of O -sugar O -access O -. O - -aps B-category -Beginning O -on O -day O -22 O -, O -all O -rats O -were O -maintained O -on O -ad O -libitum O -chow O -. O - -aps B-category -Nine O -days O -later O -locomotor O -activity O -was O -measured O -in O -response O -to O -a O -single O -low O -dose O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -animals O -that O -had O -experienced O -cyclic O -sucrose B-Chemical -and O -chow O -were O -hyperactive O -in O -response O -to O -amphetamine B-Chemical -compared O -with O -four O -control O -groups O -( O -ad O -libitum O -10 O -% O -sucrose B-Chemical -and O -chow O -followed O -by O -amphetamine B-Chemical -injection O -, O -cyclic O -chow O -followed O -by O -amphetamine B-Chemical -injection O -, O -ad O -libitum O -chow O -with O -amphetamine B-Chemical -, O -or O -cyclic O -10 O -% O -sucrose B-Chemical -and O -chow O -with O -a O -saline O -injection O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -a O -diet O -comprised O -of O -alternating O -deprivation O -and O -access O -to O -a O -sugar O -solution O -and O -chow O -produces O -bingeing O -on O -sugar O -that O -leads O -to O -a O -long O -lasting O -state O -of O -increased O -sensitivity O -to O -amphetamine B-Chemical -, O -possibly O -due O -to O -a O -lasting O -alteration O -in O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversible O -dilated O -cardiomyopathy O -related O -to O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -patient O -who O -developed O -dilated O -cardiomyopathy O -and O -clinical O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -after O -2 O -months O -of O -therapy O -with O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -( O -AmB B-Chemical -) O -for O -disseminated O -coccidioidomycosis O -. O - -aps B-category -His O -echocardiographic O -abnormalities O -and O -heart O -failure O -resolved O -after O -posaconazole B-Chemical -was O -substituted O -for O -AmB B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -important O -to O -recognize O -the O -rare O -and O -potentially O -reversible O -toxicity O -of O -AmB B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -NO B-Chemical -- O -induced O -migraine O -attack O -: O -strong O -increase O -in O -plasma O -calcitonin B-Chemical -gene I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -related I-Chemical -peptide I-Chemical -( O -CGRP B-Chemical -) O -concentration O -and O -negative O -correlation O -with O -platelet O -serotonin B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -the O -present O -study O -was O -to O -investigate O -changes O -in O -the O -plasma O -calcitonin B-Chemical -gene I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -related I-Chemical -peptide I-Chemical -( O -CGRP B-Chemical -) O -concentration O -and O -platelet O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytriptamine I-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -content O -during O -the O -immediate O -headache O -and O -the O -delayed O -genuine O -migraine O -attack O -provoked O -by O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Fifteen O -female O -migraineurs O -( O -without O -aura O -) O -and O -eight O -controls O -participated O -in O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Sublingual O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -) O -was O -administered O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -was O -collected O -from O -the O -antecubital O -vein O -four O -times O -: O -60 O -min O -before O -and O -after O -the O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -application O -, O -and O -60 O -and O -120 O -min O -after O -the O -beginning O -of O -the O -migraine O -attack O -( O -mean O -344 O -and O -404 O -min O -; O -12 O -subjects O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -those O -subjects O -who O -had O -no O -migraine O -attack O -( O -11 O -subjects O -) O -a O -similar O -time O -schedule O -was O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -CGRP B-Chemical -concentration O -increased O -significantly O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -during O -the O -migraine O -attack O -and O -returned O -to O -baseline O -after O -the O -cessation O -of O -the O -migraine O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -both O -change O -and O -peak O -, O -showed O -significant O -positive O -correlations O -with O -migraine O -headache O -intensity O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -plasma O -CGRP B-Chemical -concentrations O -failed O -to O -change O -during O -immediate O -headache O -and O -in O -the O -subjects O -with O -no O -migraine O -attack O -. O - -aps B-category -Basal O -CGRP B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -significantly O -higher O -and O -platelet O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -content O -tended O -to O -be O -lower O -in O -subjects O -who O -experienced O -a O -migraine O -attack O -. O - -aps B-category -Platelet O -serotonin B-Chemical -content O -decreased O -significantly O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -after O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -in O -subjects O -with O -no O -migraine O -attack O -but O -no O -consistent O -change O -was O -observed O -in O -patients O -with O -migraine O -attack O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -the O -fact O -that O -plasma O -CGRP B-Chemical -concentration O -correlates O -with O -the O -timing O -and O -severity O -of O -a O -migraine O -headache O -suggests O -a O -direct O -relationship O -between O -CGRP B-Chemical -and O -migraine O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -release O -from O -platelets O -does O -not O -provoke O -migraine O -, O -it O -may O -even O -counteract O -the O -headache O -and O -the O -concomitant O -CGRP B-Chemical -release O -in O -this O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyperbaric O -oxygen B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -control O -of O -intractable O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -intractable O -hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -due O -to O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -Wegener O -' O -s O -granulomatosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Conservative O -treatment O -, O -including O -bladder O -irrigation O -with O -physiological O -saline O -and O -instillation O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F2 I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -, O -failed O -to O -totally O -control O -hemorrhage O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -then O -used O -hyperbaric O -oxygen B-Chemical -at O -an O -absolute O -pressure O -of O -2 O -atm O -, O -5 O -days O -a O -week O -for O -8 O -consecutive O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bleeding O -ceased O -completely O -by O -the O -end O -of O -treatment O -and O -the O -patient O -remained O -free O -of O -hematuria O -thereafter O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -side O -effect O -was O -noted O -during O -the O -course O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -future O -, O -this O -form O -of O -therapy O -can O -offer O -a O -safe O -alternative O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -psychosis O -due O -to O -treatment O -with O -phenytoin B-Chemical -in O -a O -nonepileptic O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -development O -of O -psychosis O -related O -to O -antiepileptic O -drug O -treatment O -is O -usually O -attributed O -to O -the O -interaction O -between O -the O -epileptic O -brain O -substratum O -and O -the O -antiepileptic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -case O -of O -a O -nonepileptic O -patient O -who O -developed O -psychosis O -following O -phenytoin B-Chemical -treatment O -for O -trigeminal O -neuralgia O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -suggests O -that O -the O -psychotic O -symptoms O -that O -occur O -following O -phenytoin B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -some O -epileptic O -patients O -may O -be O -the O -direct O -result O -of O -medication O -, O -unrelated O -to O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Risks O -of O -the O -consumption O -of O -beverages O -containing O -quinine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -United O -States O -Food O -and O -Drug O -Administration O -banned O -its O -use O -for O -nocturnal O -leg O -cramps O -due O -to O -lack O -of O -safety O -and O -efficacy O -, O -quinine B-Chemical -is O -widely O -available O -in O -beverages O -including O -tonic O -water O -and O -bitter O -lemon O -. O - -aps B-category -Numerous O -anecdotal O -reports O -suggest O -that O -products O -containing O -quinine B-Chemical -may O -produce O -neurological O -complications O -, O -including O -confusion O -, O -altered O -mental O -status O -, O -seizures O -, O -and O -coma O -, O -particularly O -in O -older O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -Psychologists O -need O -to O -inquire O -about O -consumption O -of O -quinine B-Chemical -- O -containing O -beverages O -as O -part O -of O -an O -evaluation O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -Transient O -platypnea O -- O -orthodeoxia O -- O -like O -syndrome O -induced O -by O -propafenone B-Chemical -overdose O -in O -a O -young O -woman O -with O -Ebstein O -' O -s O -anomaly O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -report O -we O -describe O -the O -case O -of O -a O -37 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -white O -woman O -with O -Ebstein O -' O -s O -anomaly O -, O -who O -developed O -a O -rare O -syndrome O -called O -platypnea O -- O -orthodeoxia O -, O -characterized O -by O -massive O -right O -- O -to O -- O -left O -interatrial O -shunting O -with O -transient O -profound O -hypoxia O -and O -cyanosis O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -shunt O -of O -blood O -via O -a O -patent O -foramen O -ovale O -occurred O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -normal O -pulmonary O -artery O -pressure O -, O -and O -was O -probably O -precipitated O -by O -a O -propafenone B-Chemical -overdose O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -drug O -caused O -biventricular O -dysfunction O -, O -due O -to O -its O -negative O -inotropic O -effect O -, O -and O -hypotension O -, O -due O -to O -its O -peripheral O -vasodilatory O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -gave O -rise O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -right O -atrial O -pressure O -and O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -left O -one O -with O -a O -consequent O -stretching O -of O -the O -foramen O -ovale O -and O -the O -creation O -of O -massive O -right O -- O -to O -- O -left O -shunting O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -our O -case O -this O -interatrial O -shunt O -was O -very O -accurately O -detected O -at O -bubble O -contrast O -echocardiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Noxious O -chemical O -stimulation O -of O -rat O -facial O -mucosa O -increases O -intracranial O -blood O -flow O -through O -a O -trigemino O -- O -parasympathetic O -reflex O -- O -- O -an O -experimental O -model O -for O -vascular O -dysfunctions O -in O -cluster O -headache O -. O - -aps B-category -Cluster O -headache O -is O -characterized O -by O -typical O -autonomic O -dysfunctions O -including O -facial O -and O -intracranial O -vascular O -disturbances O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -the O -trigeminal O -and O -the O -cranial O -parasympathetic O -systems O -may O -be O -involved O -in O -mediating O -these O -dysfunctions O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -experimental O -model O -was O -developed O -in O -the O -rat O -to O -measure O -changes O -in O -lacrimation O -and O -intracranial O -blood O -flow O -following O -noxious O -chemical O -stimulation O -of O -facial O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -flow O -was O -monitored O -in O -arteries O -of O -the O -exposed O -cranial O -dura O -mater O -and O -the O -parietal O -cortex O -using O -laser O -Doppler O -flowmetry O -. O - -aps B-category -Capsaicin B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -01 O -- O -1 O -mm O -) O -applied O -to O -oral O -or O -nasal O -mucosa O -induced O -increases O -in O -dural O -and O -cortical O -blood O -flow O -and O -provoked O -lacrimation O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -responses O -were O -blocked O -by O -systemic O -pre O -- O -administration O -of O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -( O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -evoked O -increases O -in O -dural O -blood O -flow O -were O -also O -abolished O -by O -topical O -pre O -- O -administration O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mm O -) O -and O -[ O -Lys1 O -, O -Pro2 O -, O -5 O -, O -Arg3 O -, O -4 O -, O -Tyr6 O -] O -- O -VIP O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -mm O -) O -, O -a O -vasoactive O -intestinal O -polypeptide O -( O -VIP O -) O -antagonist O -, O -onto O -the O -exposed O -dura O -mater O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -noxious O -stimulation O -of O -facial O -mucosa O -increases O -intracranial O -blood O -flow O -and O -lacrimation O -via O -a O -trigemino O -- O -parasympathetic O -reflex O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -blood O -flow O -responses O -seem O -to O -be O -mediated O -by O -the O -release O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -VIP O -within O -the O -meninges O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -mechanisms O -may O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -cluster O -headache O -. O - -aps B-category -Organophosphate B-Chemical -- O -induced O -convulsions O -and O -prevention O -of O -neuropathological O -damages O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -organophosphorus B-Chemical -( O -OP B-Chemical -) O -compounds O -as O -diisopropylfluorophosphate B-Chemical -( O -DFP B-Chemical -) O -, O -sarin B-Chemical -and O -soman B-Chemical -are O -potent O -inhibitors O -of O -acetylcholinesterases O -( O -AChEs O -) O -and O -butyrylcholinesterases O -( O -BChEs O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acute O -toxicity O -of O -OPs B-Chemical -is O -the O -result O -of O -their O -irreversible O -binding O -with O -AChEs O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -( O -CNS O -) O -, O -which O -elevates O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -ACh B-Chemical -) O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protective O -action O -of O -subcutaneously O -( O -SC O -) O -administered O -antidotes O -or O -their O -combinations O -in O -DFP B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -BW O -) O -intoxication O -was O -studied O -in O -9 O -- O -10 O -- O -weeks O -- O -old O -Han O -- O -Wistar O -male O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rats O -received O -AChE O -reactivator O -pralidoxime B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -( O -2PAM B-Chemical -) O -( O -30 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -BW O -) O -, O -anticonvulsant O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -BW O -) O -, O -A O -( O -1 O -) O -- O -adenosine B-Chemical -receptor O -agonist O -N B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cyclopentyl I-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -( O -CPA B-Chemical -) O -( O -2 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -BW O -) O -, O -NMDA B-Chemical -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -dizocilpine B-Chemical -maleate I-Chemical -( O -+ O -- O -MK801 O -hydrogen O -maleate O -) O -( O -2 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -BW O -) O -or O -their O -combinations O -with O -cholinolytic O -drug O -atropine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -( O -50 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -BW O -) O -immediately O -or O -30 O -min O -after O -the O -single O -SC O -injection O -of O -DFP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -control O -rats O -received O -atropine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -, O -but O -also O -saline O -and O -olive O -oil O -instead O -of O -other O -antidotes O -and O -DFP B-Chemical -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -rats O -were O -terminated O -either O -24 O -h O -or O -3 O -weeks O -after O -the O -DFP B-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rats O -treated O -with O -DFP B-Chemical -- O -atropine B-Chemical -showed O -severe O -typical O -OP B-Chemical -- O -induced O -toxicity O -signs O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -CPA B-Chemical -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -or O -2PAM B-Chemical -was O -given O -immediately O -after O -DFP B-Chemical -- O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -these O -treatments O -prevented O -, O -delayed O -or O -shortened O -the O -occurrence O -of O -serious O -signs O -of O -poisoning O -. O - -aps B-category -Atropine B-Chemical -- O -MK801 B-Chemical -did O -not O -offer O -any O -additional O -protection O -against O -DFP B-Chemical -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -CPA B-Chemical -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -2PAM B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -atropine B-Chemical -prevented O -the O -occurrence O -of O -serious O -signs O -of O -poisoning O -and O -thus O -reduced O -the O -toxicity O -of O -DFP B-Chemical -in O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -- O -dependent O -behavioral O -disorder O -unmasked O -by O -isoniazid B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -3 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -girl O -had O -behavioral O -deterioration O -, O -with O -hyperkinesis O -, O -irritability O -, O -and O -sleeping O -difficulties O -after O -the O -therapeutic O -administration O -of O -isoniazid B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -pharmacologic O -doses O -of O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -led O -to O -a O -disappearance O -of O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -discontinuing O -isoniazid B-Chemical -therapy O -a O -similar O -pattern O -of O -behavior O -was O -noted O -that O -was O -controlled O -by O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -placebo O -had O -no O -effect O -, O -but O -niacinamide B-Chemical -was O -as O -effective O -as O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Periodic O -withdrawal O -of O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -return O -of O -the O -hyperkinesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -level O -of O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -in O -the O -blood O -was O -normal O -during O -the O -periods O -of O -relapse O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -studies O -suggested O -a O -block O -in O -the O -kynurenine B-Chemical -pathway O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -has O -been O -followed O -for O -six O -years O -and O -has O -required O -pharmacologic O -doses O -of O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -to O -control O -her O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -Recurrent O -excitation O -in O -the O -dentate O -gyrus O -of O -a O -murine O -model O -of O -temporal O -lobe O -epilepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -to O -rats O -, O -systemic O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -injection O -causes O -status O -epilepticus O -( O -SE O -) O -and O -the O -eventual O -development O -of O -spontaneous O -seizures O -and O -mossy O -fiber O -sprouting O -in O -C57BL O -/ O -6 O -and O -CD1 O -mice O -, O -but O -the O -physiological O -correlates O -of O -these O -events O -have O -not O -been O -identified O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Population O -responses O -in O -granule O -cells O -of O -the O -dentate O -gyrus O -were O -examined O -in O -transverse O -slices O -of O -the O -ventral O -hippocampus O -from O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -and O -untreated O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Mg B-Chemical -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -- O -free O -bathing O -medium O -containing O -bicuculline B-Chemical -, O -conditions O -designed O -to O -increase O -excitability O -in O -the O -slices O -, O -electrical O -stimulation O -of O -the O -hilus O -resulted O -in O -a O -single O -population O -spike O -in O -granule O -cells O -from O -control O -mice O -and O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -mice O -that O -did O -not O -experience O -SE O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -SE O -survivors O -, O -similar O -stimulation O -resulted O -in O -a O -population O -spike O -followed O -, O -at O -a O -variable O -latency O -, O -by O -negative O -DC O -shifts O -and O -repetitive O -afterdischarges O -of O -3 O -- O -60 O -s O -duration O -, O -which O -were O -blocked O -by O -ionotropic O -glutamate B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Focal O -glutamate B-Chemical -photostimulation O -of O -the O -granule O -cell O -layer O -at O -sites O -distant O -from O -the O -recording O -pipette O -resulted O -in O -population O -responses O -of O -1 O -- O -30 O -s O -duration O -in O -slices O -from O -SE O -survivors O -but O -not O -other O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -support O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -SE O -- O -induced O -mossy O -fiber O -sprouting O -and O -synaptic O -reorganization O -are O -relevant O -characteristics O -of O -seizure O -development O -in O -these O -murine O -strains O -, O -resembling O -rat O -models O -of O -human O -temporal O -lobe O -epilepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -bladder O -cancer O -in O -Wegener O -' O -s O -granulomatosis O -: O -risks O -and O -relation O -to O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -assess O -and O -characterise O -the O -risk O -of O -bladder O -cancer O -, O -and O -its O -relation O -to O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -, O -in O -patients O -with O -Wegener O -' O -s O -granulomatosis O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -In O -the O -population O -based O -, O -nationwide O -Swedish O -Inpatient O -Register O -a O -cohort O -of O -1065 O -patients O -with O -Wegener O -' O -s O -granulomatosis O -, O -1969 O -- O -95 O -, O -was O -identified O -. O - -aps B-category -Through O -linkage O -with O -the O -Swedish O -Cancer O -Register O -, O -all O -subjects O -in O -this O -cohort O -diagnosed O -with O -bladder O -cancer O -were O -identified O -. O - -aps B-category -Nested O -within O -the O -cohort O -, O -a O -matched O -case O -- O -control O -study O -was O -performed O -to O -estimate O -the O -association O -between O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -and O -bladder O -cancer O -using O -odds O -ratios O -( O -ORs O -) O -as O -relative O -risk O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -cohort O -the O -cumulative O -risk O -of O -bladder O -cancer O -after O -Wegener O -' O -s O -granulomatosis O -, O -and O -the O -relative O -prevalence O -of O -a O -history O -of O -bladder O -cancer O -at O -the O -time O -of O -diagnosis O -of O -Wegener O -' O -s O -granulomatosis O -, O -were O -also O -estimated O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -median O -cumulative O -doses O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -among O -cases O -( O -n O -= O -11 O -) O -and O -controls O -( O -n O -= O -25 O -) O -were O -113 O -g O -and O -25 O -g O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -risk O -of O -bladder O -cancer O -doubled O -for O -every O -10 O -g O -increment O -in O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -OR O -= O -2 O -. O -0 O -, O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -( O -CI O -) O -0 O -. O -8 O -to O -4 O -. O -9 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -duration O -longer O -than O -1 O -year O -was O -associated O -with O -an O -eightfold O -increased O -risk O -( O -OR O -= O -7 O -. O -7 O -, O -95 O -% O -CI O -0 O -. O -9 O -to O -69 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absolute O -risk O -for O -bladder O -cancer O -in O -the O -cohort O -reached O -10 O -% O -16 O -years O -after O -diagnosis O -of O -Wegener O -' O -s O -granulomatosis O -, O -and O -a O -history O -of O -bladder O -cancer O -was O -( O -non O -- O -significantly O -) O -twice O -as O -common O -as O -expected O -at O -the O -time O -of O -diagnosis O -of O -Wegener O -' O -s O -granulomatosis O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -The O -results O -indicate O -a O -dose O -- O -response O -relationship O -between O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -and O -the O -risk O -of O -bladder O -cancer O -, O -high O -cumulative O -risks O -in O -the O -entire O -cohort O -, O -and O -also O -the O -possibility O -of O -risk O -factors O -operating O -even O -before O -Wegener O -' O -s O -granulomatosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -modulation O -by O -estrogen B-Chemical -of O -alpha2 O -- O -adrenergic O -and O -I1 O -- O -imidazoline B-Chemical -receptor O -- O -mediated O -hypotension O -in O -female O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -recently O -shown O -that O -estrogen B-Chemical -negatively O -modulates O -the O -hypotensive O -effect O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -( O -mixed O -alpha2 O -- O -/ O -I1 O -- O -receptor O -agonist O -) O -in O -female O -rats O -and O -implicates O -the O -cardiovascular O -autonomic O -control O -in O -this O -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -investigated O -whether O -this O -effect O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -involves O -interaction O -with O -alpha2 O -- O -and O -/ O -or O -I1 O -- O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -evoked O -by O -a O -single O -intraperitoneal O -injection O -of O -rilmenidine B-Chemical -( O -600 O -microg O -/ O -kg O -) O -or O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -( O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -selective O -I1 O -- O -and O -alpha2 O -- O -receptor O -agonists O -, O -respectively O -, O -in O -blood O -pressure O -, O -hemodynamic O -variability O -, O -and O -locomotor O -activity O -were O -assessed O -in O -radiotelemetered O -sham O -- O -operated O -and O -ovariectomized O -( O -Ovx O -) O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -female O -rats O -with O -or O -without O -12 O -- O -wk O -estrogen B-Chemical -replacement O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -time O -domain O -indexes O -of O -hemodynamic O -variability O -were O -employed O -: O -the O -standard O -deviation O -of O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -as O -a O -measure O -of O -blood O -pressure O -variability O -and O -the O -standard O -deviation O -of O -beat O -- O -to O -- O -beat O -intervals O -( O -SDRR O -) O -and O -the O -root O -mean O -square O -of O -successive O -differences O -in O -R O -- O -wave O -- O -to O -- O -R O -- O -wave O -intervals O -as O -measures O -of O -heart O -rate O -variability O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -sham O -- O -operated O -rats O -, O -rilmenidine B-Chemical -or O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -elicited O -similar O -hypotension O -that O -lasted O -at O -least O -5 O -h O -and O -was O -associated O -with O -reductions O -in O -standard O -deviation O -of O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -SDRR O -was O -reduced O -only O -by O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ovx O -significantly O -enhanced O -the O -hypotensive O -response O -to O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -, O -in O -contrast O -to O -no O -effect O -on O -rilmenidine B-Chemical -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enhanced O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -hypotension O -in O -Ovx O -rats O -was O -paralleled O -with O -further O -reduction O -in O -SDRR O -and O -a O -reduced O -locomotor O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Estrogen O -replacement O -( O -17beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -subcutaneous O -pellet O -, O -14 O -. O -2 O -microg O -/ O -day O -, O -12 O -wk O -) O -of O -Ovx O -rats O -restored O -the O -hemodynamic O -and O -locomotor O -effects O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -to O -sham O -- O -operated O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -estrogen B-Chemical -downregulates O -alpha2 O -- O -but O -not O -I1 O -- O -receptor O -- O -mediated O -hypotension O -and O -highlight O -a O -role O -for O -the O -cardiac O -autonomic O -control O -in O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -- O -estrogen B-Chemical -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -reversible O -left O -ventricular O -systolic O -and O -diastolic O -dysfunction O -due O -to O -accidental O -iatrogenic O -epinephrine B-Chemical -overdose O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiomyopathy O -due O -to O -chronic O -excess O -of O -endogenous O -catecholamines B-Chemical -has O -been O -recognized O -for O -decades O -as O -a O -clinical O -phenomenon O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -reports O -of O -myocardial O -dysfunction O -due O -to O -acute O -iatrogenic O -overdose O -are O -rare O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -35 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -whose O -cervix O -uteri O -was O -inadvertently O -injected O -with O -8 O -mg O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -developed O -myocardial O -stunning O -that O -was O -characterized O -by O -severe O -hemodynamic O -compromise O -, O -profound O -, O -albeit O -transient O -, O -left O -ventricular O -systolic O -and O -diastolic O -dysfunction O -, O -and O -only O -modestly O -elevated O -biochemical O -markers O -of O -myocardial O -necrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -case O -illustrates O -the O -serious O -consequences O -of O -medical O -errors O -that O -can O -be O -avoided O -through O -improved O -medication O -labeling O -and O -staff O -supervision O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardioprotective O -effect O -of O -tincture B-Chemical -of I-Chemical -Crataegus I-Chemical -on O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -infarction O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Tincture B-Chemical -of I-Chemical -Crataegus I-Chemical -( O -TCR B-Chemical -) O -, O -an O -alcoholic B-Chemical -extract I-Chemical -of I-Chemical -the I-Chemical -berries I-Chemical -of I-Chemical -hawthorn I-Chemical -( O -Crataegus B-Chemical -oxycantha I-Chemical -) O -, O -is O -used O -in O -herbal O -and O -homeopathic O -medicine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -done O -to O -investigate O -the O -protective O -effect O -of O -TCR B-Chemical -on O -experimentally O -induced O -myocardial O -infarction O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -of O -TCR B-Chemical -, O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -mL O -/ O -100 O -g O -bodyweight O -per O -day O -, O -orally O -for O -30 O -days O -, O -prevented O -the O -increase O -in O -lipid O -peroxidation O -and O -activity O -of O -marker O -enzymes O -observed O -in O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -rats O -( O -85 O -mg O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -s O -. O -c O -. O -for O -2 O -days O -at O -an O -interval O -of O -24 O -h O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -TCR B-Chemical -prevented O -the O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -decrease O -in O -antioxidant O -enzymes O -in O -the O -heart O -and O -increased O -the O -rate O -of O -ADP B-Chemical -- O -stimulated O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -respiratory O -coupling O -ratio O -. O - -aps B-category -TCR B-Chemical -protected O -against O -pathological O -changes O -induced O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -in O -rat O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -show O -that O -pretreatment O -with O -TCR B-Chemical -may O -be O -useful O -in O -preventing O -the O -damage O -induced O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -in O -rat O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -tinnitus O -by O -intratympanic O -instillation O -of O -lignocaine B-Chemical -( O -lidocaine B-Chemical -) O -2 O -per O -cent O -through O -ventilation O -tubes O -. O - -aps B-category -Idiopathic O -subjective O -tinnitus O -( O -IST O -) O -is O -one O -of O -the O -most O -obscure O -otological O -pathologies O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -paper O -presents O -the O -results O -of O -treating O -IST O -by O -intratympanic O -instillation O -of O -lignocaine B-Chemical -( O -lidocaine B-Chemical -) O -2 O -per O -cent O -through O -a O -grommet O -, O -for O -five O -weekly O -courses O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifty O -- O -two O -patients O -suffering O -from O -intractable O -tinnitus O -entered O -this O -therapeutic O -trial O -, O -but O -only O -nine O -finished O -all O -five O -courses O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -one O -patient O -, O -the O -tinnitus O -was O -almost O -completely O -abolished O -, O -but O -in O -all O -the O -nine O -patients O -the O -decompensated O -tinnitus O -changed O -to O -a O -compensated O -one O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -this O -mode O -of O -treatment O -for O -patients O -that O -were O -previously O -treated O -by O -drugs O -, O -acupuncture O -and O -biofeedback O -, O -with O -disappointing O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -should O -be O -warned O -about O -the O -side O -effects O -of O -vertigo O -and O -vomiting O -, O -which O -subsides O -gradually O -with O -every O -new O -instillation O -, O -and O -that O -the O -tinnitus O -may O -not O -disappear O -but O -will O -be O -alleviated O -, O -enabling O -them O -to O -cope O -more O -easily O -with O -the O -disease O -and O -lead O -a O -more O -normal O -life O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alpha3 O -and O -beta4 O -nicotinic O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptor O -subunits O -are O -necessary O -for O -nicotine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -and O -hypolocomotion O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -to O -nicotinic O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptors O -( O -nAChRs O -) O -elicits O -a O -series O -of O -dose O -- O -dependent O -behaviors O -that O -go O -from O -altered O -exploration O -, O -sedation O -, O -and O -tremors O -, O -to O -seizures O -and O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -nAChRs O -are O -pentameric O -ion O -channels O -usually O -composed O -of O -alpha O -and O -beta O -subunits O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -gene O -cluster O -comprises O -the O -alpha3 O -, O -alpha5 O -and O -beta4 O -subunits O -, O -which O -coassemble O -to O -form O -functional O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -examined O -the O -role O -of O -the O -beta4 O -subunits O -in O -nicotine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -and O -hypolocomotion O -in O -beta4 O -homozygous O -null O -( O -beta4 O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -and O -alpha3 O -heterozygous O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -beta4 O -- O -/ O -- O -mice O -were O -less O -sensitive O -to O -the O -effects O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -both O -at O -low O -doses O -, O -measured O -as O -decreased O -exploration O -in O -an O -open O -field O -, O -and O -at O -high O -doses O -, O -measured O -as O -sensitivity O -to O -nicotine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -in O -situ O -hybridization O -probes O -for O -the O -alpha3 O -and O -alpha5 O -subunits O -, O -we O -showed O -that O -alpha5 O -mRNA O -levels O -are O -unchanged O -, O -whereas O -alpha3 O -mRNA O -levels O -are O -selectively O -decreased O -in O -the O -mitral O -cell O -layer O -of O -the O -olfactory O -bulb O -, O -and O -the O -inferior O -and O -the O -superior O -colliculus O -of O -beta4 O -- O -/ O -- O -brains O -. O - -aps B-category -alpha3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -mice O -were O -partially O -resistant O -to O -nicotine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -when O -compared O -to O -wild O -- O -type O -littermates O -. O - -aps B-category -mRNA O -levels O -for O -the O -alpha5 O -and O -the O -beta4 O -subunits O -were O -unchanged O -in O -alpha3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -brains O -. O - -aps B-category -Together O -, O -these O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -beta4 O -and O -the O -alpha3 O -subunits O -are O -mediators O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -and O -hypolocomotion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -sevoflurane B-Chemical -on O -lidocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -sevoflurane B-Chemical -on O -lidocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -convulsions O -was O -studied O -in O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -convulsive O -threshold O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -) O -was O -41 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -. O -5 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -l O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -with O -lidocaine B-Chemical -infusion O -( O -6 O -mg O -. O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -. O -min O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -) O -, O -increasing O -significantly O -to O -66 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -10 O -. O -9 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -l O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -when O -the O -end O -- O -tidal O -concentration O -of O -sevoflurane B-Chemical -was O -0 O -. O -8 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -threshold O -( O -61 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -. O -7 O -mg O -. O -l O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -) O -during O -1 O -. O -6 O -% O -sevoflurane B-Chemical -was O -not O -significant O -from O -that O -during O -0 O -. O -8 O -% O -sevoflurane B-Chemical -, O -indicating O -a O -celling O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -significant O -difference O -in O -the O -convulsive O -threshold O -between O -sevoflurane B-Chemical -and O -enflurane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rise O -in O -blood O -pressure O -became O -less O -marked O -when O -higher O -concentrations O -of O -sevoflurane B-Chemical -or O -enflurane B-Chemical -were O -administered O -and O -the O -blood O -pressure O -at O -convulsions O -decreased O -significantly O -in O -1 O -. O -6 O -% O -sevoflurane B-Chemical -, O -and O -in O -0 O -. O -8 O -% O -and O -1 O -. O -6 O -% O -enflurane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -there O -was O -no O -significant O -difference O -in O -the O -lidocaine B-Chemical -concentrations O -measured O -when O -the O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -became O -70 O -mmHg O -. O - -aps B-category -Apamin B-Chemical -, O -a O -selective O -blocker O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -- O -dependent O -potassium B-Chemical -channels O -, O -was O -administered O -intracerebroventricularly O -in O -rats O -anesthetized O -with O -0 O -. O -8 O -% O -sevoflurane B-Chemical -to O -investigate O -the O -mechanism O -of O -the O -anticonvulsive O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Apamin B-Chemical -( O -10 O -ng O -) O -had O -a O -tendency O -to O -decrease O -the O -convulsive O -threshold O -( O -21 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -2 O -to O -19 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -. O -l O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -) O -but O -this O -was O -not O -statistically O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -sevoflurane B-Chemical -reduces O -the O -convulsive O -effect O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -toxicity O -but O -carries O -some O -risk O -due O -to O -circulatory O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -toxicity O -observed O -in O -association O -with O -high O -- O -dose O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -- O -based O -chemotherapy O -for O -metastatic O -breast O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -INTRODUCTION O -: O -Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -is O -an O -alkylating O -agent O -given O -frequently O -as O -a O -component O -of O -many O -conditioning O -regimens O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -high O -doses O -, O -its O -nonhematological O -dose O -- O -limiting O -toxicity O -is O -cardiomyopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -STUDY O -DESIGN O -: O -We O -combined O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -, O -melphalan B-Chemical -and O -high O -- O -dose O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -, O -thiotepa B-Chemical -, O -and O -carboplatin B-Chemical -in O -a O -triple O -sequential O -high O -- O -dose O -regimen O -for O -patients O -with O -metastatic O -breast O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -was O -performed O -on O -61 O -women O -with O -chemotherapy O -- O -responsive O -metastatic O -breast O -cancer O -receiving O -96 O -- O -h O -infusional O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -as O -part O -of O -a O -triple O -sequential O -high O -- O -dose O -regimen O -to O -assess O -association O -between O -presence O -of O -peritransplant O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -( O -CHF O -) O -and O -the O -following O -pretreatment O -characteristics O -: O -presence O -of O -electrocardiogram O -( O -EKG O -) O -abnormalities O -, O -age O -, O -hypertension O -, O -prior O -cardiac O -history O -, O -smoking O -, O -diabetes O -mellitus O -, O -prior O -use O -of O -anthracyclines B-Chemical -, O -and O -left O -- O -sided O -chest O -irradiation O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Six O -of O -61 O -women O -( O -10 O -% O -) O -developed O -clinically O -reversible O -grade O -3 O -CHF O -following O -infusional O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -with O -a O -median O -percent O -decline O -in O -ejection O -fraction O -of O -31 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Incidence O -of O -transient O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -- O -related O -cardiac O -toxicity O -( O -10 O -% O -) O -is O -comparable O -to O -previous O -recorded O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -Older O -age O -was O -significantly O -correlated O -with O -the O -CHF O -development O -; O -with O -median O -ages O -for O -the O -entire O -group O -and O -for O -patients O -developing O -CHF O -of O -45 O -and O -59 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -association O -was O -found O -with O -other O -pretreatment O -characteristics O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -As O -a O -result O -of O -these O -findings O -, O -oncologists O -should O -carefully O -monitor O -fluid O -balance O -in O -older O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Routine O -EKG O -monitoring O -during O -infusional O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -did O -not O -predict O -CHF O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -Tremor O -side O -effects O -of O -salbutamol B-Chemical -, O -quantified O -by O -a O -laser O -pointer O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -study O -tremor O -side O -effects O -of O -salbutamol B-Chemical -an O -easily O -applicable O -, O -quick O -and O -low O -- O -priced O -method O -is O -needed O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -method O -using O -a O -commercially O -available O -, O -pen O -- O -shaped O -laser O -pointer O -was O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -Aim O -of O -the O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -sensitivity O -, O -reproducibility O -, O -reference O -values O -and O -the O -agreement O -with O -a O -questionnaire O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Tremor O -was O -measured O -using O -a O -laser O -pointer O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -determine O -sensitivity O -we O -assessed O -tremor O -in O -44 O -patients O -with O -obstructive O -lung O -disease O -after O -administration O -of O -cumulative O -doses O -of O -salbutamol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Subjects O -were O -asked O -to O -aim O -at O -the O -centre O -of O -a O -target O -, O -subdivided O -in O -concentric O -circles O -, O -from O -5 O -m O -distance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -circle O -in O -which O -the O -participant O -succeeded O -to O -aim O -was O -recorded O -in O -millimetres O -radius O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -another O -series O -of O -measurements O -, O -reproducibility O -and O -reference O -values O -of O -the O -tremor O -was O -assessed O -in O -65 O -healthy O -subjects O -in O -three O -sessions O -, O -at O -9 O -a O -. O -m O -. O -, O -4 O -p O -. O -m O -. O -and O -9 O -a O -. O -m O -. O -, O -respectively O -, O -1 O -week O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -Postural O -tremor O -was O -measured O -with O -the O -arm O -horizontally O -outstretched O -rest O -tremor O -with O -the O -arm O -supported O -by O -an O -armrest O -and O -finally O -tremor O -was O -measured O -after O -holding O -a O -2 O -- O -kg O -weight O -until O -exhaustion O -. O - -aps B-category -Inter O -- O -observer O -variability O -was O -measured O -in O -a O -series O -of O -10 O -healthy O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Tremor O -was O -measured O -simultaneously O -by O -two O -independent O -observers O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Salbutamol B-Chemical -significantly O -increased O -tremor O -severity O -in O -patients O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -way O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -healthy O -adults O -no O -age O -- O -dependency O -could O -be O -found O -( O -b O -= O -0 O -. O -262 O -mm O -/ O -year O -; O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -72 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -agreement O -between O -the O -questionnaire O -and O -tremor O -severity O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -093 O -; O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -53 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Postural O -tremor O -showed O -no O -significant O -difference O -between O -the O -first O -and O -third O -session O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -07 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Support O -of O -the O -arm O -decreased O -tremor O -severity O -, O -exhaustion O -increased O -tremor O -severity O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -good O -agreement O -was O -found O -between O -two O -independent O -observers O -( O -interclass O -correlation O -coefficient O -0 O -. O -72 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -DISCUSSION O -: O -Quantifying O -tremor O -by O -using O -an O -inexpensive O -laser O -pointer O -is O -, O -with O -the O -exception O -of O -children O -( O -< O -12 O -years O -) O -a O -sensitive O -and O -reproducible O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Safety O -and O -adverse O -effects O -associated O -with O -raloxifene B-Chemical -: O -multiple O -outcomes O -of O -raloxifene B-Chemical -evaluation O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -examine O -the O -effect O -of O -raloxifene B-Chemical -on O -major O -adverse O -events O -that O -occur O -with O -postmenopausal O -estrogen B-Chemical -therapy O -or O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -The O -Multiple O -Outcomes O -of O -Raloxifene B-Chemical -Evaluation O -, O -a O -multicenter O -, O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -, O -enrolled O -7 O -, O -705 O -postmenopausal O -women O -with O -osteoporosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Women O -were O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -raloxifene B-Chemical -60 O -mg O -/ O -d O -or O -120 O -mg O -/ O -d O -or O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Outcomes O -included O -venous O -thromboembolism O -, O -cataracts O -, O -gallbladder O -disease O -, O -and O -endometrial O -hyperplasia O -or O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -During O -a O -mean O -follow O -- O -up O -of O -3 O -. O -3 O -years O -, O -raloxifene B-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -an O -increased O -risk O -for O -venous O -thromboembolism O -( O -relative O -risk O -[ O -RR O -] O -2 O -. O -1 O -; O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -[ O -CI O -] O -1 O -. O -2 O -- O -3 O -. O -8 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -excess O -event O -rate O -was O -1 O -. O -8 O -per O -1 O -, O -000 O -woman O -- O -years O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -4 O -. O -1 O -) O -, O -and O -the O -number O -needed O -to O -treat O -to O -cause O -1 O -event O -was O -170 O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -100 O -- O -582 O -) O -over O -3 O -. O -3 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Risk O -in O -the O -raloxifene B-Chemical -group O -was O -higher O -than O -in O -the O -placebo O -group O -for O -the O -first O -2 O -years O -, O -but O -decreased O -to O -about O -the O -same O -rate O -as O -in O -the O -placebo O -group O -thereafter O -. O - -aps B-category -Raloxifene B-Chemical -did O -not O -increase O -risk O -for O -cataracts O -( O -RR O -0 O -. O -9 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -0 O -. O -8 O -- O -1 O -. O -1 O -) O -, O -gallbladder O -disease O -( O -RR O -1 O -. O -0 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -0 O -. O -7 O -- O -1 O -. O -3 O -) O -, O -endometrial O -hyperplasia O -( O -RR O -1 O -. O -3 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -0 O -. O -4 O -- O -5 O -. O -1 O -) O -, O -or O -endometrial O -cancer O -( O -RR O -0 O -. O -9 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -0 O -. O -3 O -- O -2 O -. O -7 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Raloxifene B-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -an O -increased O -risk O -for O -venous O -thromboembolism O -, O -but O -there O -was O -no O -increased O -risk O -for O -cataracts O -, O -gallbladder O -disease O -, O -endometrial O -hyperplasia O -, O -or O -endometrial O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -LEVEL O -OF O -EVIDENCE O -: O -I O - -aps B-category -Optimization O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -there O -is O -no O -single O -correct O -starting O -dose O -for O -levodopa B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -many O -individuals O -can O -be O -started O -on O -either O -the O -25 O -/ O -100 O -or O -controlled O -- O -release O -formula O -, O -following O -the O -general O -rule O -not O -to O -attempt O -to O -titrate O -carbidopa B-Chemical -- O -levodopa B-Chemical -to O -the O -point O -of O -" O -normality O -, O -" O -which O -can O -lead O -to O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -physician O -should O -also O -determine O -the O -proper O -use O -of O -any O -adjunctive O -medications O -; O -such O -combined O -therapy O -has O -become O -the O -standard O -approach O -to O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -the O -initial O -period O -of O -therapy O -, O -emerging O -difficulties O -require O -a O -reassessment O -of O -therapeutic O -approaches O -, O -such O -as O -dosage O -adjustment O -or O -introduction O -of O -a O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonist O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -possible O -adverse O -effects O -- O -- O -such O -as O -gastrointestinal O -disorders O -, O -orthostatic O -hypotension O -, O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -psychosis O -, O -sleep O -disturbances O -or O -parasomnias O -, O -or O -drug O -interactions O -- O -- O -also O -require O -carefully O -monitored O -individual O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Nonpharmacologic O -concerns O -can O -help O -the O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -patient O -achieve O -and O -maintain O -optimal O -functioning O -, O -including O -daily O -exercise O -, O -physical O -therapy O -, O -and O -involvement O -with O -support O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -term O -audiological O -evaluation O -of O -beta O -- O -thalassemic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -The O -objective O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -identify O -the O -incidence O -and O -to O -monitor O -the O -progression O -of O -hearing O -loss O -in O -children O -and O -young O -adults O -with O -beta O -- O -thalassemia O -major O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -One O -hundred O -and O -four O -( O -104 O -) O -patients O -aged O -6 O -- O -35 O -years O -( O -mean O -17 O -, O -2 O -years O -) O -participated O -in O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -were O -on O -a O -regular O -transfusion O -- O -chelation O -program O -maintaining O -a O -mean O -hemoglobin O -level O -of O -9 O -. O -5 O -gr O -/ O -dl O -. O - -aps B-category -Subjects O -were O -receiving O -desferrioxamine B-Chemical -( O -DFO B-Chemical -) O -chelation O -treatment O -with O -a O -mean O -daily O -dose O -of O -50 O -- O -60 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -5 O -- O -6 O -days O -a O -week O -during O -the O -first O -six O -years O -of O -the O -study O -, O -which O -was O -then O -reduced O -to O -40 O -- O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -for O -the O -following O -eight O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -followed O -for O -8 O -- O -14 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Overall O -, O -21 O -out O -of O -104 O -patients O -( O -20 O -. O -2 O -% O -) O -presented O -with O -high O -frequency O -sensorineural O -hearing O -loss O -( O -SNHL O -) O -, O -either O -unilateral O -or O -bilateral O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -ototoxic O -factor O -, O -other O -than O -DFO B-Chemical -, O -was O -present O -in O -any O -of O -the O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -SNHL O -presented O -with O -relatively O -lower O -serum O -ferritin O -levels O -than O -those O -with O -normal O -hearing O -, O -however O -, O -no O -statistically O -significant O -difference O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Subjects O -with O -SNHL O -were O -submitted O -to O -DFO B-Chemical -reduction O -or O -temporary O -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -intervention O -, O -7 O -out O -of O -21 O -affected O -patients O -recovered O -, O -10 O -remained O -stable O -and O -4 O -demonstrated O -aggravation O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -The O -findings O -are O -indicative O -of O -DFO B-Chemical -' O -s O -contributing O -role O -in O -the O -development O -of O -hearing O -impairment O -. O - -aps B-category -Regular O -audiologic O -evaluation O -is O -imperative O -in O -all O -thalassemic O -patients O -so O -that O -early O -changes O -may O -be O -recognized O -and O -treatment O -may O -be O -judiciously O -adjusted O -in O -order O -to O -prevent O -or O -reverse O -hearing O -impairment O -. O - -aps B-category -Individual O -differences O -in O -renal O -ACE O -activity O -in O -healthy O -rats O -predict O -susceptibility O -to O -adriamycin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -renal O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -In O -man O -, O -differences O -in O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- O -converting O -enzyme O -( O -ACE O -) O -levels O -, O -related O -to O -ACE O -( O -I O -/ O -D O -) O -genotype O -, O -are O -associated O -with O -renal O -prognosis O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -raises O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -individual O -differences O -in O -renal O -ACE O -activity O -are O -involved O -in O -renal O -susceptibility O -to O -inflicted O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -we O -studied O -the O -predictive O -effect O -of O -renal O -ACE O -activity O -for O -the O -severity O -of O -renal O -damage O -induced O -by O -a O -single O -injection O -of O -adriamycin B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Renal O -ACE O -activity O -( O -Hip B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -His I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Leu I-Chemical -cleavage O -by O -cortical O -homogenates O -) O -was O -determined O -by O -renal O -biopsy O -in O -27 O -adult O -male O -Wistar O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -1 O -week O -of O -recovery O -, O -proteinuria O -was O -induced O -by O -adriamycin B-Chemical -[ O -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -intravenously O -( O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -n O -= O -18 O -; O -controls O -, O -saline O -i O -. O -v O -. O -n O -= O -9 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Proteinuria O -was O -measured O -every O -2 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -12 O -weeks O -, O -rats O -were O -sacrificed O -and O -their O -kidneys O -harvested O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -As O -anticipated O -, O -adriamycin B-Chemical -elicited O -nephrotic O -range O -proteinuria O -, O -renal O -interstitial O -damage O -and O -mild O -focal O -glomerulosclerosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Baseline O -renal O -ACE O -positively O -correlated O -with O -the O -relative O -rise O -in O -proteinuria O -after O -adriamycin B-Chemical -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -62 O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -renal O -interstitial O -alpha O -- O -smooth O -muscle O -actin O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -49 O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -interstitial O -macrophage O -influx O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -56 O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -interstitial O -collagen O -III O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -53 O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -glomerular O -alpha O -- O -smooth O -muscle O -actin O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -74 O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -and O -glomerular O -desmin O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -48 O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Baseline O -renal O -ACE O -did O -not O -correlate O -with O -focal O -glomerulosclerosis O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -22 O -, O -NS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -controls O -, O -no O -predictive O -values O -for O -renal O -parameters O -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Individual O -differences O -in O -renal O -ACE O -activity O -predict O -the O -severity O -of O -adriamycin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -renal O -damage O -in O -this O -outbred O -rat O -strain O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -supports O -the O -assumption O -that O -differences O -in O -renal O -ACE O -activity O -predispose O -to O -a O -less O -favourable O -course O -of O -renal O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -Recurrent O -acute O -interstitial O -nephritis O -induced O -by O -azithromycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -14 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -girl O -is O -reported O -with O -recurrent O -, O -azithromycin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -, O -acute O -interstitial O -nephritis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -episode O -was O -more O -severe O -than O -the O -first O -; O -and O -although O -both O -were O -treated O -with O -intensive O -corticosteroid O -therapy O -, O -renal O -function O -remained O -impaired O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -most O -cases O -of O -antibiotic O -induced O -acute O -interstitial O -nephritis O -are O -benign O -and O -self O -- O -limited O -, O -some O -patients O -are O -at O -risk O -for O -permanent O -renal O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -Spironolactone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -renal O -insufficiency O -and O -hyperkalemia O -in O -patients O -with O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -A O -previous O -randomized O -controlled O -trial O -evaluating O -the O -use O -of O -spironolactone B-Chemical -in O -heart O -failure O -patients O -reported O -a O -low O -risk O -of O -hyperkalemia O -( O -2 O -% O -) O -and O -renal O -insufficiency O -( O -0 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -treatments O -for O -heart O -failure O -have O -changed O -since O -the O -benefits O -of O -spironolactone B-Chemical -were O -reported O -, O -the O -prevalence O -of O -these O -complications O -may O -differ O -in O -current O -clinical O -practice O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -therefore O -sought O -to O -determine O -the O -prevalence O -and O -clinical O -associations O -of O -hyperkalemia O -and O -renal O -insufficiency O -in O -heart O -failure O -patients O -treated O -with O -spironolactone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -performed O -a O -case O -control O -study O -of O -heart O -failure O -patients O -treated O -with O -spironolactone B-Chemical -in O -our O -clinical O -practice O -. O - -aps B-category -Cases O -were O -patients O -who O -developed O -hyperkalemia O -( O -K B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -> O -5 O -. O -0 O -mEq O -/ O -L O -) O -or O -renal O -insufficiency O -( O -Cr B-Chemical -> O -or O -= O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -) O -, O -and O -they O -were O -compared O -to O -2 O -randomly O -selected O -controls O -per O -case O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -characteristics O -, O -medications O -, O -and O -serum O -chemistries O -at O -baseline O -and O -follow O -- O -up O -time O -periods O -were O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Sixty O -- O -seven O -of O -926 O -patients O -( O -7 O -. O -2 O -% O -) O -required O -discontinuation O -of O -spironolactone B-Chemical -due O -to O -hyperkalemia O -( O -n O -= O -33 O -) O -or O -renal O -failure O -( O -n O -= O -34 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -who O -developed O -hyperkalemia O -were O -older O -and O -more O -likely O -to O -have O -diabetes O -, O -had O -higher O -baseline O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -levels O -and O -lower O -baseline O -potassium B-Chemical -supplement O -doses O -, O -and O -were O -more O -likely O -to O -be O -treated O -with O -beta O -- O -blockers O -than O -controls O -( O -n O -= O -134 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -who O -developed O -renal O -insufficiency O -had O -lower O -baseline O -body O -weight O -and O -higher O -baseline O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -, O -required O -higher O -doses O -of O -loop O -diuretics O -, O -and O -were O -more O -likely O -to O -be O -treated O -with O -thiazide B-Chemical -diuretics O -than O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Spironolactone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperkalemia O -and O -renal O -insufficiency O -are O -more O -common O -in O -our O -clinical O -experience O -than O -reported O -previously O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -difference O -is O -explained O -by O -patient O -comorbidities O -and O -more O -frequent O -use O -of O -beta O -- O -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -reserpine B-Chemical -and O -subchronic O -haloperidol B-Chemical -treatments O -change O -synaptosomal O -brain O -glutamate B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -elicit O -orofacial O -dyskinesia O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Reserpine B-Chemical -- O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -orofacial O -dyskinesia O -are O -putative O -animal O -models O -of O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -( O -TD O -) O -whose O -pathophysiology O -has O -been O -related O -to O -free O -radical O -generation O -and O -oxidative O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -the O -authors O -induced O -orofacial O -dyskinesia O -by O -acute O -reserpine B-Chemical -and O -subchronic O -haloperidol B-Chemical -administration O -to O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Reserpine B-Chemical -injection O -( O -one O -dose O -of O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -every O -other O -day O -for O -3 O -days O -caused O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -vacuous O -chewing O -, O -tongue O -protrusion O -and O -duration O -of O -facial O -twitching O -, O -compared O -to O -the O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -administration O -( O -one O -dose O -of O -12 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -once O -a O -week O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -for O -4 O -weeks O -caused O -an O -increase O -in O -vacuous O -chewing O -, O -tongue O -protrusion O -and O -duration O -of O -facial O -twitching O -observed O -in O -four O -weekly O -evaluations O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -treatments O -and O -behavioral O -observation O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -segments O -of O -the O -brain O -was O -analyzed O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -decreased O -glutamate B-Chemical -uptake O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -subcortical O -parts O -of O -animals O -treated O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -compared O -to O -the O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Importantly O -, O -a O -decrease O -in O -glutamate B-Chemical -uptake O -correlates O -negatively O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -incidence O -of O -orofacial O -diskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -early O -changes O -in O -glutamate B-Chemical -transport O -may O -be O -related O -to O -the O -development O -of O -vacuous O -chewing O -movements O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Ceftriaxone B-Chemical -- O -associated O -biliary O -pseudolithiasis O -in O -paediatric O -surgical O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -well O -known O -that O -ceftriaxone B-Chemical -leads O -to O -pseudolithiasis O -in O -some O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -and O -experimental O -studies O -also O -suggest O -that O -situations O -causing O -gallbladder O -dysfunction O -, O -such O -as O -fasting O -, O -may O -have O -a O -role O -for O -the O -development O -of O -pseudolithiasis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -we O -prospectively O -evaluated O -the O -incidence O -and O -clinical O -importance O -of O -pseudolithiasis O -in O -paediatric O -surgical O -patients O -receiving O -ceftriaxone B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -who O -often O -had O -to O -fast O -in O -the O -post O -- O -operative O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifty O -children O -who O -were O -given O -ceftriaxone B-Chemical -were O -evaluated O -by O -serial O -abdominal O -sonograms O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -those O -, O -13 O -( O -26 O -% O -) O -developed O -biliary O -pathology O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -patients O -with O -or O -without O -pseudolithiasis O -revealed O -no O -significant O -difference O -with O -respect O -to O -age O -, O -sex O -, O -duration O -of O -the O -treatment O -and O -starvation O -variables O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -cessation O -of O -the O -treatment O -, O -pseudolithiasis O -resolved O -spontaneously O -within O -a O -short O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -pseudolithiasis O -is O -not O -affected O -by O -fasting O -. O - -aps B-category -Coronary O -aneurysm O -after O -implantation O -of O -a O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -- O -eluting O -stent O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -coronary O -aneurysm O -is O -a O -rare O -complication O -of O -stenting O -with O -bare O -metal O -stents O -, O -but O -based O -on O -experimental O -studies O -drug O -- O -eluting O -stents O -may O -induce O -toxic O -effects O -on O -the O -vessel O -wall O -with O -incomplete O -stent O -apposition O -, O -aneurysm O -formation O -and O -with O -the O -potential O -of O -stent O -thrombosis O -or O -vessel O -rupture O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -present O -a O -43 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -who O -developed O -a O -coronary O -aneurysm O -in O -the O -right O -coronary O -artery O -6 O -months O -after O -receiving O -a O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -- O -eluting O -stent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -was O -asymptomatic O -and O -the O -aneurysm O -was O -detected O -in O -a O -routine O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Angiography O -and O -intracoronary O -ultrasound O -demonstrated O -lack O -of O -contact O -between O -stent O -and O -vessel O -wall O -in O -a O -15 O -- O -mm O -long O -segment O -with O -maximal O -aneurysm O -diameter O -of O -6 O -. O -0 O -mm O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -was O -successfully O -treated O -with O -a O -graft O -stent O -. O - -aps B-category -Causes O -of O -acute O -thrombotic O -microangiopathy O -in O -patients O -receiving O -kidney O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -Thrombotic O -microangiopathy O -is O -a O -well O -- O -known O -problem O -in O -patients O -following O -renal O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -postrenal O -transplantation O -, O -thrombotic O -microangiopathy O -is O -often O -a O -reflection O -of O -hemolytic O -uremic O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -aimed O -to O -determine O -the O -causes O -of O -thrombotic O -microangiopathy O -in O -a O -population O -of O -renal O -transplantation O -recipients O -and O -discuss O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -MATERIALS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -We O -investigated O -the O -causes O -of O -thrombotic O -microangiopathy O -during O -a O -1 O -- O -year O -period O -, O -from O -June O -2003 O -to O -June O -2004 O -, O -at O -the O -King O -Fahad O -National O -Guard O -Hospital O -in O -Riyadh O -, O -Saudi O -Arabia O -, O -by O -reviewing O -the O -slides O -of O -all O -transplant O -biopsies O -( O -n O -= O -25 O -) O -performed O -during O -this O -interval O -. O - -aps B-category -Pre O -- O -and O -posttransplant O -crossmatching O -was O -done O -when O -possible O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Five O -cases O -of O -thrombotic O -microangiopathy O -were O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -of O -these O -cases O -were O -from O -the O -25 O -transplantations O -performed O -at O -King O -Fahad O -National O -Guard O -Hospital O -, O -while O -the O -other O -2 O -transplantations O -had O -been O -performed O -abroad O -and O -were O -referred O -to O -us O -for O -follow O -- O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -cases O -were O -related O -to O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -, O -and O -1 O -case O -was O -secondary O -to O -both O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -and O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fifth O -case O -had O -features O -of O -thrombotic O -microangiopathy O -related O -to O -an O -antiphospholipid O -syndrome O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -systemic O -lupus O -erythematosus O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -In O -the O -literature O -, O -the O -most O -- O -frequent O -cause O -of O -hemolytic O -uremic O -syndrome O -in O -patients O -following O -renal O -transplantation O -is O -recurrence O -of O -the O -hemolytic O -uremic O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -causes O -include O -drug O -- O -related O -( O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -, O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -) O -toxicity O -, O -procoagulant O -status O -, O -and O -antibody O -- O -mediated O -rejection O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -that O -the O -most O -- O -frequent O -cause O -of O -thrombotic O -microangiopathy O -was O -drug O -related O -, O -secondary O -mainly O -to O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -current O -study O -, O -the O -frequency O -of O -thrombotic O -microangiopathy O -was O -similar O -to O -the O -percentage O -reported O -in O -the O -literature O -( O -20 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -developmental O -toxicity O -of O -selective O -and O -non O -- O -selective O -cyclooxygenase O -- O -2 O -inhibitors O -in O -CRL O -: O -( O -WI O -) O -WUBR O -Wistar O -rats O -- O -- O -DFU B-Chemical -and O -piroxicam B-Chemical -study O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Cyclooxygenase O -( O -COX O -) O -inhibitors O -are O -one O -of O -the O -most O -often O -ingested O -drugs O -during O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -general O -toxicity O -data O -, O -their O -prenatal O -toxic O -effects O -were O -not O -extensively O -studied O -before O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -the O -experiment O -was O -to O -evaluate O -the O -developmental O -toxicity O -of O -the O -non O -- O -selective O -( O -piroxicam B-Chemical -) O -and O -selective O -( O -DFU B-Chemical -; O -5 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dimethyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorophenyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylsulphonyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -phenyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -5H I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -furanon I-Chemical -) O -COX O -- O -2 O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Drugs O -were O -separately O -, O -orally O -once O -daily O -dosed O -to O -pregnant O -rats O -from O -day O -8 O -to O -21 O -( O -GD1 O -= O -plug O -day O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Doses O -were O -set O -at O -0 O -. O -3 O -, O -3 O -. O -0 O -and O -30 O -. O -0mg O -/ O -kg O -for O -piroxicam B-Chemical -and O -0 O -. O -2 O -, O -2 O -. O -0 O -and O -20 O -. O -0mg O -/ O -kg O -for O -DFU B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Fetuses O -were O -delivered O -on O -GD O -21 O -and O -routinely O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Comprehensive O -clinical O -and O -developmental O -measurements O -were O -done O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pooled O -statistical O -analysis O -for O -ventricular O -septal O -( O -VSD O -) O -and O -midline O -( O -MD O -) O -defects O -was O -performed O -for O -rat O -fetuses O -exposed O -to O -piroxicam B-Chemical -, O -selective O -and O -non O -- O -selective O -COX O -- O -2 O -inhibitor O -based O -on O -present O -and O -historic O -data O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Maternal O -toxicity O -, O -intrauterine O -growth O -retardation O -, O -and O -increase O -of O -external O -and O -skeletal O -variations O -were O -found O -in O -rats O -treated O -with O -the O -highest O -dose O -of O -piroxicam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Decrease O -of O -fetal O -length O -was O -the O -only O -signs O -of O -the O -DFU B-Chemical -developmental O -toxicity O -observed O -in O -pups O -exposed O -to O -the O -highest O -compound O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Lack O -of O -teratogenicity O -was O -found O -in O -piroxicam B-Chemical -and O -DFU B-Chemical -- O -exposed O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Prenatal O -exposure O -to O -non O -- O -selective O -COX O -inhibitors O -increases O -the O -risk O -of O -VSD O -and O -MD O -when O -compared O -to O -historic O -control O -but O -not O -with O -selective O -COX O -- O -2 O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Both O -selective O -and O -non O -- O -selective O -COX O -- O -2 O -inhibitors O -were O -toxic O -for O -rats O -fetuses O -when O -administered O -in O -the O -highest O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -DFU B-Chemical -, O -piroxicam B-Chemical -was O -also O -highly O -toxic O -to O -the O -dams O -. O - -aps B-category -Prenatal O -exposure O -to O -selective O -COX O -- O -2 O -inhibitors O -does O -not O -increase O -the O -risk O -of O -ventricular O -septal O -and O -midline O -defects O -in O -rat O -when O -compared O -to O -non O -- O -selective O -drugs O -and O -historic O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Lone O -atrial O -fibrillation O -associated O -with O -creatine B-Chemical -monohydrate O -supplementation O -. O - -aps B-category -Atrial O -fibrillation O -in O -young O -patients O -without O -structural O -heart O -disease O -is O -rare O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -when O -the O -arrhythmia O -is O -present O -in O -this O -population O -, O -reversible O -causes O -must O -be O -identified O -and O -resolved O -. O - -aps B-category -Thyroid O -disorders O -, O -illicit O -drug O -or O -stimulant O -use O -, O -and O -acute O -alcohol O -intoxication O -are O -among O -these O -causes O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -case O -of O -a O -30 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -Caucasian O -man O -who O -came O -to O -the O -emergency O -department O -in O -atrial O -fibrillation O -with O -rapid O -ventricular O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -His O -medical O -history O -was O -unremarkable O -, O -except O -for O -minor O -fractures O -of O -the O -fingers O -and O -foot O -. O - -aps B-category -Thyroid O -- O -stimulating O -hormone O -, O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -levels O -were O -within O -normal O -limits O -, O -urine O -drug O -screen O -was O -negative O -, O -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -use O -was O -denied O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -when O -the O -patient O -was O -questioned O -about O -use O -of O -herbal O -products O -and O -supplements O -, O -the O -use O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -monohydrate O -was O -revealed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -was O -admitted O -to O -the O -hospital O -, O -anticoagulated O -with O -unfractionated O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -and O -given O -intravenous O -diltiazem B-Chemical -for O -rate O -control O -and O -intravenous O -amiodarone B-Chemical -for O -rate O -and O -rhythm O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -discharged O -less O -than O -24 O -hours O -later O -, O -he O -was O -receiving O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -with O -follow O -- O -up O -plans O -for O -echocardiography O -and O -nuclear O -imaging O -to O -assess O -perfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Exogenous O -creatine B-Chemical -is O -used O -by O -athletes O -to O -theoretically O -improve O -exercise O -performance O -. O - -aps B-category -Vegetarians O -may O -also O -take O -creatine B-Chemical -to O -replace O -what O -they O -are O -not O -consuming O -from O -meat O -, O -fish O -, O -and O -other O -animal O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -anecdotal O -reports O -have O -linked O -creatine B-Chemical -to O -the O -development O -of O -arrhythmia O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinicians O -must O -be O -diligent O -when O -interviewing O -patients O -about O -their O -drug O -therapy O -histories O -and O -include O -questions O -about O -their O -use O -of O -herbal O -products O -and O -dietary O -supplements O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -it O -is O -important O -to O -report O -adverse O -effects O -associated O -with O -frequently O -consumed O -supplements O -and O -herbal O -products O -to O -the O -Food O -and O -Drug O -Administration O -and O -in O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -Seizures O -induced O -by O -the O -cocaine B-Chemical -metabolite O -benzoylecgonine B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -half O -- O -life O -( O -t1 O -/ O -2 O -) O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -is O -relatively O -short O -, O -but O -some O -of O -the O -consequences O -of O -its O -use O -, O -such O -as O -seizures O -and O -strokes O -, O -can O -occur O -hours O -after O -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -led O -us O -to O -hypothesize O -that O -a O -metabolite O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -may O -be O -responsible O -for O -some O -of O -those O -delayed O -sequelae O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -evaluated O -the O -potential O -of O -the O -major O -metabolite O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -, O -benzoylecgonine B-Chemical -( O -BE B-Chemical -) O -, O -to O -cause O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -separate O -equimolar O -doses O -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -and O -0 O -. O -4 O -mumol O -) O -of O -either O -cocaine B-Chemical -or O -BE B-Chemical -were O -injected O -ventricularly O -in O -unanesthetized O -juvenile O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Treated O -rats O -were O -then O -evaluated O -for O -incidence O -, O -latency O -, O -and O -seizure O -pattern O -or O -for O -locomotor O -activity O -in O -animals O -without O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -BE B-Chemical -- O -Induced O -seizures O -occurred O -more O -frequently O -and O -had O -significantly O -longer O -latencies O -than O -those O -induced O -by O -equimolar O -amounts O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -were O -best O -characterized O -as O -brief O -, O -generalized O -, O -and O -tonic O -and O -resulted O -in O -death O -, O -those O -induced O -by O -BE B-Chemical -were O -prolonged O -, O -often O -multiple O -and O -mixed O -in O -type O -, O -and O -rarely O -resulted O -in O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrical O -recordings O -from O -the O -hippocampus O -showed O -a O -rhythmic O -progression O -in O -EEG O -frequency O -and O -voltage O -with O -clinical O -seizure O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -BE B-Chemical -- O -Injected O -rats O -that O -did O -not O -have O -seizures O -had O -significantly O -more O -locomotor O -activity O -than O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -injected O -animals O -without O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -finding O -that O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -and O -BE B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -differ O -in O -several O -respects O -suggests O -more O -than O -one O -mechanism O -for O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -and O -emphasizes O -the O -importance O -of O -a O -cocaine B-Chemical -metabolite O -, O -BE B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -selective O -5 O -- O -HT6 O -receptor O -antagonist O -Ro4368554 B-Chemical -restores O -memory O -performance O -in O -cholinergic O -and O -serotonergic O -models O -of O -memory O -deficiency O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Antagonists O -at O -serotonin B-Chemical -type O -6 O -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -( O -6 O -) O -) O -receptors O -show O -activity O -in O -models O -of O -learning O -and O -memory O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -underlying O -mechanism O -( O -s O -) O -are O -not O -well O -understood O -, O -these O -effects O -may O -involve O -an O -increase O -in O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -ACh B-Chemical -) O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -sought O -to O -characterize O -the O -cognitive O -- O -enhancing O -effects O -of O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -( O -6 O -) O -antagonist O -Ro4368554 B-Chemical -( O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzenesulfonyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -piperazin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -yl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -1H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -indole I-Chemical -) O -in O -a O -rat O -object O -recognition O -task O -employing O -a O -cholinergic O -( O -scopolamine B-Chemical -pretreatment O -) O -and O -a O -serotonergic O -- O -( O -tryptophan B-Chemical -( O -TRP B-Chemical -) O -depletion O -) O -deficient O -model O -, O -and O -compared O -its O -pattern O -of O -action O -with O -that O -of O -the O -acetylcholinesterase O -inhibitor O -metrifonate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Initial O -testing O -in O -a O -time O -- O -dependent O -forgetting O -task O -employing O -a O -24 O -- O -h O -delay O -between O -training O -and O -testing O -showed O -that O -metrifonate B-Chemical -improved O -object O -recognition O -( O -at O -10 O -and O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -p O -. O -o O -. O -) O -, O -whereas O -Ro4368554 B-Chemical -was O -inactive O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -, O -Ro4368554 B-Chemical -( O -3 O -and O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -intraperitoneally O -( O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -) O -and O -metrifonate B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -p O -. O -o O -. O -, O -respectively O -) O -reversed O -memory O -deficits O -induced O -by O -scopolamine B-Chemical -and O -TRP B-Chemical -depletion O -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -, O -and O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -p O -. O -o O -. O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -although O -Ro4368554 B-Chemical -did O -not O -improve O -a O -time O -- O -related O -retention O -deficit O -, O -it O -reversed O -a O -cholinergic O -and O -a O -serotonergic O -memory O -deficit O -, O -suggesting O -that O -both O -mechanisms O -may O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -facilitation O -of O -object O -memory O -by O -Ro4368554 B-Chemical -and O -, O -possibly O -, O -other O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -( O -6 O -) O -receptor O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -the O -anticocaine O -monoclonal O -antibody O -GNC92H2 B-Chemical -as O -an O -immunotherapy O -for O -cocaine O -overdose O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -illicit O -use O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -continues O -in O -epidemic O -proportions O -and O -treatment O -for O -cocaine O -overdose O -remains O -elusive O -. O - -aps B-category -Current O -protein O -- O -based O -technology O -offers O -a O -new O -therapeutic O -venue O -by O -which O -antibodies O -bind O -the O -drug O -in O -the O -blood O -stream O -, O -inactivating O -its O -toxic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -therapeutic O -potential O -of O -the O -anticocaine O -antibody O -GNC92H2 B-Chemical -was O -examined O -using O -a O -model O -of O -cocaine O -overdose O -. O - -aps B-category -Swiss O -albino O -mice O -prepared O -with O -intrajugular O -catheters O -were O -tested O -in O -photocell O -cages O -after O -administration O -of O -93 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -( O -LD50 O -) O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -GNC92H2 B-Chemical -infusions O -ranging O -from O -30 O -to O -190 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -GNC92H2 B-Chemical -was O -delivered O -30 O -min O -before O -, O -concomitantly O -or O -3 O -min O -after O -cocaine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -blockade O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -toxicity O -was O -observed O -with O -the O -higher O -dose O -of O -GNC92H2 B-Chemical -( O -190 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -where O -premorbid O -behaviors O -were O -reduced O -up O -to O -40 O -% O -, O -seizures O -up O -to O -77 O -% O -and O -death O -by O -72 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Importantly O -, O -GNC92H2 B-Chemical -prevented O -death O -even O -post O -- O -cocaine B-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -support O -the O -important O -potential O -of O -GNC92H2 B-Chemical -as O -a O -therapeutic O -tool O -against O -cocaine O -overdose O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrocardiographic O -evidence O -of O -myocardial O -injury O -in O -psychiatrically O -hospitalized O -cocaine B-Chemical -abusers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -electrocardiograms O -( O -ECG O -) O -of O -99 O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -abusing O -patients O -were O -compared O -with O -the O -ECGs O -of O -50 O -schizophrenic O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Eleven O -of O -the O -cocaine B-Chemical -abusers O -and O -none O -of O -the O -controls O -had O -ECG O -evidence O -of O -significant O -myocardial O -injury O -defined O -as O -myocardial O -infarction O -, O -ischemia O -, O -and O -bundle O -branch O -block O -. O - -aps B-category -Behavioral O -effects O -of O -urotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -centrally O -administered O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Urotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -( O -U B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -) O -receptors O -are O -widely O -distributed O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracerebroventricular O -( O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O -) O -injection O -of O -U B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -causes O -hypertension O -and O -bradycardia O -and O -stimulates O -prolactin O -and O -thyrotropin O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -behavioral O -effects O -of O -centrally O -administered O -U B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -have O -received O -little O -attention O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -we O -tested O -the O -effects O -of O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O -injections O -of O -U B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -on O -behavioral O -, O -metabolic O -, O -and O -endocrine O -responses O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -graded O -doses O -of O -U B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -( O -1 O -- O -10 O -, O -000 O -ng O -/ O -mouse O -) O -provoked O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -reduction O -in O -the O -number O -of O -head O -dips O -in O -the O -hole O -- O -board O -test O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -reduction O -in O -the O -number O -of O -entries O -in O -the O -white O -chamber O -in O -the O -black O -- O -and O -- O -white O -compartment O -test O -, O -and O -in O -the O -number O -of O -entries O -in O -the O -central O -platform O -and O -open O -arms O -in O -the O -plus O -- O -maze O -test O -; O -and O -( O -3 O -) O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -increase O -in O -the O -duration O -of O -immobility O -in O -the O -forced O -- O -swimming O -test O -and O -tail O -suspension O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracerebroventricular O -injection O -of O -U B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -also O -caused O -an O -increase O -in O -: O -food O -intake O -at O -doses O -of O -100 O -and O -1 O -, O -000 O -ng O -/ O -mouse O -, O -water O -intake O -at O -doses O -of O -100 O -- O -10 O -, O -000 O -ng O -/ O -mouse O -, O -and O -horizontal O -locomotion O -activity O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -10 O -, O -000 O -ng O -/ O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -Whatever O -was O -the O -dose O -, O -the O -central O -administration O -of O -U B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -on O -body O -temperature O -, O -nociception O -, O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -penile O -erection O -and O -climbing O -behavior O -, O -and O -stress O -- O -induced O -plasma O -corticosterone B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Taken O -together O -, O -the O -present O -study O -demonstrates O -that O -the O -central O -injection O -of O -U B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -at O -doses O -of O -1 O -- O -10 O -, O -000 O -ng O -/ O -mouse O -induces O -anxiogenic O -- O -and O -depressant O -- O -like O -effects O -in O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -U B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -may O -be O -involved O -in O -some O -aspects O -of O -psychiatric O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -Learning O -of O -rats O -under O -amnesia O -caused O -by O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dissociated O -learning O -of O -rats O -in O -the O -normal O -state O -and O -the O -state O -of O -amnesia O -produced O -by O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -( O -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -ip O -) O -was O -carried O -out O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -were O -trained O -to O -approach O -a O -shelf O -where O -they O -received O -food O -reinforcement O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Group O -1 O -the O -rats O -were O -trained O -under O -the O -influence O -of O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -to O -run O -to O -the O -same O -shelf O -as O -in O -the O -normal O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Group O -2 O -the O -rats O -were O -trained O -to O -approach O -different O -shelves O -in O -different O -drug O -states O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -memory O -dissociation O -occurred O -in O -both O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Differences O -in O -the O -parameters O -of O -training O -under O -the O -influence O -of O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -between O -Groups O -1 O -and O -2 O -were O -revealed O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -show O -that O -the O -brain O -- O -dissociated O -state O -induced O -by O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -is O -formed O -with O -the O -participation O -of O -the O -mechanisms O -of O -information O -perception O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -short O -- O -term O -raloxifene B-Chemical -therapy O -on O -fibrinolysis O -markers O -: O -TAFI O -, O -tPA O -, O -and O -PAI O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Markers O -of O -fibrinolysis O -, O -thrombin O -- O -activatable O -fibrinolysis O -inhibitor O -( O -TAFI O -) O -, O -tissue O -- O -type O -plasminogen O -activator O -( O -tPA O -) O -, O -and O -plasminogen O -activator O -inhibitor O -- O -1 O -( O -PAI O -- O -1 O -) O -levels O -were O -studied O -for O -the O -evaluation O -of O -short O -- O -term O -effects O -of O -raloxifene B-Chemical -administration O -in O -postmenopausal O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Thirty O -- O -nine O -postmenopausal O -women O -with O -osteopenia O -or O -osteoporosis O -were O -included O -in O -this O -prospective O -, O -controlled O -clinical O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -five O -women O -were O -given O -raloxifene B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -( O -60 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -plus O -calcium B-Chemical -( O -500 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Age O -- O -matched O -controls O -( O -n O -= O -14 O -) O -were O -given O -only O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -TAFI O -, O -tPA O -, O -and O -PAI O -- O -1 O -antigen O -levels O -were O -measured O -at O -baseline O -and O -after O -3 O -months O -of O -treatment O -by O -commercially O -available O -ELISA O -kits O -. O - -aps B-category -Variations O -of O -individuals O -were O -assessed O -by O -Wilcoxon O -' O -s O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Relationship O -between O -those O -markers O -and O -demographic O -characteristics O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Three O -months O -of O -raloxifene B-Chemical -treatment O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -the O -plasma O -TAFI O -antigen O -concentrations O -( O -16 O -% O -change O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -and O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -tPA O -antigen O -concentrations O -( O -25 O -% O -change O -, O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -correlation O -was O -found O -between O -baseline O -TAFI O -antigen O -concentrations O -and O -the O -duration O -of O -amenorrhea O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -; O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -33 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -We O -suggest O -that O -the O -increased O -risk O -of O -venous O -thromboembolism O -due O -to O -raloxifene B-Chemical -treatment O -may O -be O -related O -to O -increased O -tPA O -levels O -, O -but O -not O -TAFI O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Valproate B-Chemical -- O -induced O -encephalopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Valproate B-Chemical -- O -induced O -encephalopathy O -is O -a O -rare O -syndrome O -that O -may O -manifest O -in O -otherwise O -normal O -epileptic O -individuals O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -may O -even O -present O -in O -patients O -who O -have O -tolerated O -this O -medicine O -well O -in O -the O -past O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -usually O -but O -not O -necessarily O -associated O -with O -hyperammonemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -EEG O -shows O -characteristic O -triphasic O -waves O -in O -most O -patients O -with O -this O -complication O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -valproate B-Chemical -- O -induced O -encephalopathy O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -problems O -in O -diagnosing O -this O -condition O -are O -subsequently O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Recurrent O -dysphonia O -and O -acitretin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -case O -of O -a O -woman O -complaining O -of O -dysphonia O -while O -she O -was O -treated O -by O -acitretin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Her O -symptoms O -totally O -regressed O -after O -drug O -withdrawal O -and O -reappeared O -when O -acitretin B-Chemical -was O -reintroduced O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -our O -knowledge O -, O -this O -is O -the O -first O -case O -of O -acitretin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dysphonia O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -may O -be O -related O -to O -the O -pharmacological O -effect O -of O -this O -drug O -on O -mucous O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitro B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -: O -a O -potential O -protector O -against O -gentamicin B-Chemical -ototoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -( O -NO B-Chemical -) O -inhibitor O -nitro B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NAME I-Chemical -) O -may O -act O -as O -an O -otoprotectant O -against O -high O -- O -frequency O -hearing O -loss O -caused O -by O -gentamicin B-Chemical -, O -but O -further O -studies O -are O -needed O -to O -confirm O -this O -. O -Aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotics O -are O -still O -widely O -used O -by O -virtue O -of O -their O -efficacy O -and O -low O -cost O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -ototoxicity O -is O -a O -serious O -health O -problem O -and O -, O -as O -their O -ototoxic O -mechanism O -involves O -the O -production O -of O -NO B-Chemical -, O -we O -need O -to O -assess O -the O -use O -of O -NO B-Chemical -inhibitors O -for O -the O -prevention O -of O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -- O -induced O -sensorineural O -hearing O -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -experimental O -study O -we O -used O -30 O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -, O -27 O -of O -which O -had O -gentamicin B-Chemical -instilled O -into O -the O -middle O -ear O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -otoprotectant O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NAME I-Chemical -was O -administered O -topically O -to O -12 O -/ O -27 O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -effect O -was O -determined O -in O -terms O -of O -attenuation O -of O -hearing O -loss O -, O -measured O -by O -shifts O -in O -the O -auditory O -brainstem O -response O -threshold O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NAME I-Chemical -reduced O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hearing O -loss O -in O -the O -high O -- O -frequency O -range O -, O -but O -gave O -no O -protection O -in O -the O -middle O -or O -low O -frequencies O -. O - -aps B-category -Safety O -profile O -of O -a O -nicotine B-Chemical -lozenge O -compared O -with O -that O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -gum O -in O -adult O -smokers O -with O -underlying O -medical O -conditions O -: O -a O -12 O -- O -week O -, O -randomized O -, O -open O -- O -label O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Nicotine B-Chemical -polacrilex O -lozenges O -deliver O -25 O -% O -to O -27 O -% O -more O -nicotine B-Chemical -compared O -with O -equivalent O -doses O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -polacrilex O -gum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increased O -nicotine B-Chemical -exposure O -from O -the O -lozenge O -has O -raised O -questions O -about O -the O -relative O -safety O -of O -the O -lozenge O -and O -gum O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -The O -objective O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -compare O -the O -safety O -profiles O -of O -the O -4 O -- O -mg O -nicotine B-Chemical -lozenge O -and O -4 O -- O -mg O -nicotine B-Chemical -gum O -in O -smokers O -with O -selected O -label O -- O -restricted O -diseases O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -This O -was O -a O -multicenter O -, O -randomized O -, O -open O -- O -label O -study O -in O -adult O -smokers O -with O -heart O -disease O -, O -hypertension O -not O -controlled O -by O -medication O -, O -and O -/ O -or O -diabetes O -mellitus O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -randomized O -in O -a O -1 O -: O -1 O -ratio O -to O -receive O -the O -4 O -- O -mg O -nicotine B-Chemical -lozenge O -or O -4 O -- O -mg O -nicotine B-Chemical -gum O -. O - -aps B-category -Safety O -assessments O -were O -made O -at O -baseline O -and O -at O -2 O -, O -4 O -, O -6 O -, O -and O -12 O -weeks O -after O -the O -start O -of O -product O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Nine O -hundred O -one O -patients O -were O -randomized O -to O -treatment O -, O -447 O -who O -received O -the O -lozenge O -and O -454 O -who O -received O -the O -gum O -( O -safety O -population O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -majority O -were O -women O -( O -52 O -. O -7 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -' O -mean O -age O -was O -53 O -. O -9 O -years O -, O -their O -mean O -weight O -was O -193 O -. O -9 O -pounds O -, O -and O -they O -smoked O -a O -mean O -of O -25 O -. O -2 O -cigarettes O -per O -day O -at O -baseline O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -hundred O -fifty O -- O -three O -patients O -, O -264 O -taking O -the O -lozenge O -and O -289 O -taking O -the O -gum O -, O -used O -the O -study O -product O -for O -> O -or O -= O -4 O -days O -per O -week O -during O -the O -first O -2 O -weeks O -( O -evaluable O -population O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nicotine B-Chemical -lozenge O -and O -nicotine B-Chemical -gum O -were O -equally O -well O -tolerated O -, O -despite O -increased O -nicotine B-Chemical -exposure O -from O -the O -lozenge O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -adverse O -events O -in O -the O -2 O -groups O -was O -similar O -during O -the O -first O -2 O -weeks O -of O -product O -use O -( O -evaluation O -population O -: O -55 O -. O -3 O -% O -lozenge O -, O -54 O -. O -7 O -% O -gum O -) O -, O -as O -well O -as O -during O -the O -entire O -study O -( O -safety O -population O -: O -63 O -. O -8 O -% O -and O -58 O -. O -6 O -% O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Stratification O -of O -patients O -by O -sex O -, O -age O -, O -extent O -of O -concurrent O -smoking O -, O -extent O -of O -product O -use O -, O -and O -severity O -of O -adverse O -events O -revealed O -no O -clinically O -significant O -differences O -between O -the O -lozenge O -and O -gum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -common O -adverse O -events O -were O -nausea O -( O -17 O -. O -2 O -% O -and O -16 O -. O -1 O -% O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -- O -3 O -. O -7 O -to O -6 O -. O -0 O -) O -, O -hiccups O -( O -10 O -. O -7 O -% O -and O -6 O -. O -6 O -% O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -0 O -. O -5 O -to O -7 O -. O -8 O -) O -, O -and O -headache O -( O -8 O -. O -7 O -% O -and O -9 O -. O -9 O -% O -; O -95 O -% O -Cl O -, O -- O -5 O -. O -0 O -to O -2 O -. O -6 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Serious O -adverse O -events O -were O -reported O -in O -11 O -and O -13 O -patients O -in O -the O -respective O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Fewer O -than O -6 O -% O -of O -patients O -in O -either O -group O -were O -considered O -by O -the O -investigator O -to O -have O -a O -worsening O -of O -their O -overall O -disease O -condition O -during O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -majority O -of O -patients O -( O -> O -60 O -% O -) O -experienced O -no O -change O -in O -their O -disease O -status O -from O -baseline O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -The O -4 O -- O -mg O -nicotine B-Chemical -lozenge O -and O -4 O -- O -mg O -nicotine B-Chemical -gum O -had O -comparable O -safety O -profiles O -in O -these O -patients O -with O -label O -- O -restricted O -medical O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -modulation O -of O -pain O -- O -related O -brain O -activity O -during O -normal O -and O -central O -sensitization O -states O -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -Abnormal O -processing O -of O -somatosensory O -inputs O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -( O -central O -sensitization O -) O -is O -the O -mechanism O -accounting O -for O -the O -enhanced O -pain O -sensitivity O -in O -the O -skin O -surrounding O -tissue O -injury O -( O -secondary O -hyperalgesia O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Secondary O -hyperalgesia O -shares O -clinical O -characteristics O -with O -neurogenic O -hyperalgesia O -in O -patients O -with O -neuropathic O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -Abnormal O -brain O -responses O -to O -somatosensory O -stimuli O -have O -been O -found O -in O -patients O -with O -hyperalgesia O -as O -well O -as O -in O -normal O -subjects O -during O -experimental O -central O -sensitization O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -assess O -the O -effects O -of O -gabapentin B-Chemical -, O -a O -drug O -effective O -in O -neuropathic O -pain O -patients O -, O -on O -brain O -processing O -of O -nociceptive O -information O -in O -normal O -and O -central O -sensitization O -states O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -functional O -magnetic O -resonance O -imaging O -( O -fMRI O -) O -in O -normal O -volunteers O -, O -we O -studied O -the O -gabapentin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -modulation O -of O -brain O -activity O -in O -response O -to O -nociceptive O -mechanical O -stimulation O -of O -normal O -skin O -and O -capsaicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -secondary O -hyperalgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -of O -gabapentin B-Chemical -was O -1 O -, O -800 O -mg O -per O -os O -, O -in O -a O -single O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -that O -( O -i O -) O -gabapentin B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -activations O -in O -the O -bilateral O -operculoinsular O -cortex O -, O -independently O -of O -the O -presence O -of O -central O -sensitization O -; O -( O -ii O -) O -gabapentin B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -activation O -in O -the O -brainstem O -, O -only O -during O -central O -sensitization O -; O -( O -iii O -) O -gabapentin B-Chemical -suppressed O -stimulus O -- O -induced O -deactivations O -, O -only O -during O -central O -sensitization O -; O -this O -effect O -was O -more O -robust O -than O -the O -effect O -on O -brain O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -observed O -drug O -- O -induced O -effects O -were O -not O -due O -to O -changes O -in O -the O -baseline O -fMRI O -signal O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -indicate O -that O -gabapentin B-Chemical -has O -a O -measurable O -antinociceptive O -effect O -and O -a O -stronger O -antihyperalgesic O -effect O -most O -evident O -in O -the O -brain O -areas O -undergoing O -deactivation O -, O -thus O -supporting O -the O -concept O -that O -gabapentin B-Chemical -is O -more O -effective O -in O -modulating O -nociceptive O -transmission O -when O -central O -sensitization O -is O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -Investigation O -of O -mitochondrial O -involvement O -in O -the O -experimental O -model O -of O -epilepsy O -induced O -by O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Mitochondrial O -abnormalities O -have O -been O -associated O -with O -several O -aspects O -of O -epileptogenesis O -, O -such O -as O -energy O -generation O -, O -control O -of O -cell O -death O -, O -neurotransmitter O -synthesis O -, O -and O -free O -radical O -( O -FR O -) O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -production O -of O -FRs O -may O -cause O -mtDNA O -damage O -leading O -to O -decreased O -activities O -of O -oxidative O -phosphorylation O -complexes O -containing O -mtDNA O -- O -encoded O -subunits O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -we O -investigated O -whether O -increased O -generation O -of O -FR O -during O -status O -epilepticus O -would O -be O -sufficient O -to O -provoke O -abnormalities O -in O -mtDNA O -and O -in O -the O -expression O -and O -activity O -of O -cytochrome O -c O -oxidase O -( O -CCO O -) O -, O -complex O -IV O -of O -the O -respiratory O -chain O -, O -in O -the O -chronic O -phase O -of O -the O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -model O -of O -temporal O -lobe O -epilepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -DNA O -analysis O -revealed O -low O -amounts O -of O -a O -4 O -. O -8 O -kb O -mtDNA O -deletion O -but O -with O -no O -differences O -in O -frequency O -or O -quantity O -in O -the O -control O -and O -experimental O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -did O -not O -find O -abnormalities O -in O -the O -expression O -and O -distribution O -of O -an O -mtDNA O -- O -encoded O -subunit O -of O -CCO O -( O -CCO O -- O -I O -) O -or O -a O -relative O -decrease O -in O -CCO O -- O -I O -when O -compared O -with O -nuclear O -- O -encoded O -subunits O -( O -CCO O -- O -IV O -and O -SDH O -- O -fp O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -abnormality O -in O -CCO O -activity O -was O -observed O -through O -histochemistry O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -evidences O -of O -mitochondrial O -abnormalities O -were O -found O -in O -previously O -published O -studies O -, O -our O -results O -do O -not O -suggest O -that O -the O -FRs O -, O -generated O -during O -the O -acute O -phase O -, O -determined O -important O -abnormalities O -in O -mtDNA O -, O -in O -expression O -of O -CCO O -- O -I O -, O -and O -in O -CCO O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -effect O -of O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blocker O -nitrendipine B-Chemical -on O -nephrosclerosis O -in O -rats O -with O -renovascular O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -a O -6 O -- O -week O -treatment O -with O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blocker O -nitrendipine B-Chemical -or O -the O -angiotensin B-Chemical -converting O -enzyme O -inhibitor O -enalapril B-Chemical -on O -blood O -pressure O -, O -albuminuria O -, O -renal O -hemodynamics O -, O -and O -morphology O -of O -the O -nonclipped O -kidney O -was O -studied O -in O -rats O -with O -two O -- O -kidney O -, O -one O -clip O -renovascular O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -weeks O -after O -clipping O -of O -one O -renal O -artery O -, O -hypertensive O -rats O -( O -178 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -mm O -Hg O -) O -were O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -three O -groups O -: O -untreated O -hypertensive O -controls O -( O -n O -= O -8 O -) O -, O -enalapril B-Chemical -- O -treated O -( O -n O -= O -8 O -) O -, O -or O -nitrendipine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -( O -n O -= O -10 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Sham O -- O -operated O -rats O -served O -as O -normotensive O -controls O -( O -128 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -mm O -Hg O -, O -n O -= O -8 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -6 O -weeks O -of O -treatment O -, O -renal O -hemodynamics O -( O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -and O -renal O -plasma O -flow O -) O -were O -measured O -in O -the O -anesthetized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -tissue O -was O -obtained O -for O -determination O -of O -glomerular O -size O -and O -sclerosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Enalapril B-Chemical -but O -not O -nitrendipine B-Chemical -reduced O -blood O -pressure O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -6 O -weeks O -of O -therapy O -, O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -was O -not O -different O -among O -the O -studied O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -plasma O -flow O -increased O -, O -but O -albumin O -excretion O -and O -glomerulosclerosis O -did O -not O -change O -after O -enalapril B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -in O -the O -nitrendipine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -group O -albuminuria O -increased O -from O -12 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -progressively O -to O -163 O -+ O -/ O -- O -55 O -compared O -with O -19 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -9 O -mg O -/ O -24 O -hr O -in O -the O -hypertensive O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -glomerulosclerosis O -index O -was O -significantly O -increased O -in O -the O -nitrendipine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -group O -compared O -with O -the O -hypertensive O -controls O -( O -0 O -. O -38 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -1 O -versus O -0 O -. O -13 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -04 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -glomerular O -size O -was O -higher O -in O -the O -nitrendipine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -group O -( O -14 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -17 O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -mm2 O -) O -but O -lower O -in O -the O -enalapril B-Chemical -- O -treated O -group O -( O -11 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -15 O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -mm2 O -) O -compared O -with O -the O -hypertensive O -controls O -( O -12 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -17 O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -mm2 O -) O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Ketoconazole B-Chemical -induced O -torsades O -de O -pointes O -without O -concomitant O -use O -of O -QT O -interval O -- O -prolonging O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Ketoconazole B-Chemical -is O -not O -known O -to O -be O -proarrhythmic O -without O -concomitant O -use O -of O -QT O -interval O -- O -prolonging O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -woman O -with O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -who O -developed O -a O -markedly O -prolonged O -QT O -interval O -and O -torsades O -de O -pointes O -( O -TdP O -) O -after O -taking O -ketoconazole B-Chemical -for O -treatment O -of O -fungal O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -Her O -QT O -interval O -returned O -to O -normal O -upon O -withdrawal O -of O -ketoconazole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Genetic O -study O -did O -not O -find O -any O -mutation O -in O -her O -genes O -that O -encode O -cardiac O -IKr O -channel O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -postulate O -that O -by O -virtue O -of O -its O -direct O -blocking O -action O -on O -IKr O -, O -ketoconazole B-Chemical -alone O -may O -prolong O -QT O -interval O -and O -induce O -TdP O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -calls O -for O -attention O -when O -ketoconazole B-Chemical -is O -administered O -to O -patients O -with O -risk O -factors O -for O -acquired O -long O -QT O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -vasculitis O -following O -oral O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -intake O -in O -an O -adult O -: O -a O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -Methylphenidate B-Chemical -is O -structurally O -and O -functionally O -similar O -to O -amphetamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -vasculitis O -associated O -with O -amphetamine O -abuse O -is O -well O -documented O -, O -and O -in O -rare O -cases O -ischaemic O -stroke O -has O -been O -reported O -after O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -intake O -in O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -case O -of O -a O -63 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -female O -who O -was O -treated O -with O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -due O -to O -hyperactivity O -and O -suffered O -from O -multiple O -ischaemic O -strokes O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -consider O -drug O -- O -induced O -cerebral O -vasculitis O -as O -the O -most O -likely O -cause O -of O -recurrent O -ischaemic O -strokes O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -any O -pathological O -findings O -during O -the O -diagnostic O -work O -- O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -mediated O -vasculitis O -should O -be O -considered O -in O -patients O -with O -neurological O -symptoms O -and O -a O -history O -of O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -potential O -side O -- O -effect O -, O -though O -very O -rare O -, O -represents O -one O -more O -reason O -to O -be O -very O -restrictive O -in O -the O -use O -of O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -MDMA B-Chemical -polydrug O -users O -show O -process O -- O -specific O -central O -executive O -impairments O -coupled O -with O -impaired O -social O -and O -emotional O -judgement O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -recent O -years O -working O -memory O -deficits O -have O -been O -reported O -in O -users O -of O -MDMA B-Chemical -( O -3 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylenedioxymethamphetamine I-Chemical -, O -ecstasy B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -current O -study O -aimed O -to O -assess O -the O -impact O -of O -MDMA B-Chemical -use O -on O -three O -separate O -central O -executive O -processes O -( O -set O -shifting O -, O -inhibition O -and O -memory O -updating O -) O -and O -also O -on O -" O -prefrontal O -" O -mediated O -social O -and O -emotional O -judgement O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifteen O -polydrug O -ecstasy B-Chemical -users O -and O -15 O -polydrug O -non O -- O -ecstasy B-Chemical -user O -controls O -completed O -a O -general O -drug O -use O -questionnaire O -, O -the O -Brixton O -Spatial O -Anticipation O -task O -( O -set O -shifting O -) O -, O -Backward O -Digit O -Span O -procedure O -( O -memory O -updating O -) O -, O -Inhibition O -of O -Return O -( O -inhibition O -) O -, O -an O -emotional O -intelligence O -scale O -, O -the O -Tromso O -Social O -Intelligence O -Scale O -and O -the O -Dysexecutive O -Questionnaire O -( O -DEX O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -with O -MDMA B-Chemical -- O -free O -polydrug O -controls O -, O -MDMA B-Chemical -polydrug O -users O -showed O -impairments O -in O -set O -shifting O -and O -memory O -updating O -, O -and O -also O -in O -social O -and O -emotional O -judgement O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -latter O -two O -deficits O -remained O -significant O -after O -controlling O -for O -other O -drug O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -lend O -further O -support O -to O -the O -proposal O -that O -cognitive O -processes O -mediated O -by O -the O -prefrontal O -cortex O -may O -be O -impaired O -by O -recreational O -ecstasy B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Phase O -II O -study O -of O -the O -amsacrine B-Chemical -analogue O -CI B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -921 I-Chemical -( O -NSC B-Chemical -343499 I-Chemical -) O -in O -non O -- O -small O -cell O -lung O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -CI B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -921 I-Chemical -( O -NSC B-Chemical -343499 I-Chemical -; O -9 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -methylsulphonyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -phenyl I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dimethyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acridinecarboxamide I-Chemical -) O -is O -a O -topoisomerase O -II O -poison O -with O -high O -experimental O -antitumour O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -administered O -by O -15 O -min O -infusion O -to O -16 O -evaluable O -patients O -with O -non O -- O -small O -cell O -lung O -cancer O -( O -NSCLC O -) O -( O -7 O -with O -no O -prior O -treatment O -, O -9 O -patients O -in O -relapse O -following O -surgery O -/ O -radiotherapy O -) O -at O -a O -dose O -( O -648 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -divided O -over O -3 O -days O -, O -repeated O -every O -3 O -weeks O -) O -determined O -by O -phase O -I O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -had O -a O -median O -performance O -status O -of O -1 O -( O -WHO O -) O -, O -and O -median O -age O -of O -61 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -histology O -comprised O -squamous O -carcinoma O -( O -11 O -) O -, O -adenocarcinoma O -( O -1 O -) O -, O -mixed O -histology O -( O -2 O -) O -, O -bronchio O -- O -alveolar O -carcinoma O -( O -1 O -) O -and O -large O -cell O -undifferentiated O -carcinoma O -( O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Neutropenia O -grade O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -3 O -was O -seen O -in O -15 O -patients O -, O -infections O -with O -recovery O -in O -3 O -, O -and O -grand O -mal O -seizures O -in O -1 O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Grade O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -2 O -nausea O -and O -vomiting O -occurred O -in O -66 O -% O -courses O -and O -phlebitis O -in O -the O -infusion O -arm O -in O -37 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -patient O -with O -squamous O -cell O -carcinoma O -achieved O -a O -partial O -response O -lasting O -5 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -testing O -in O -this O -and O -other O -tumour O -types O -using O -multiple O -daily O -schedules O -is O -warranted O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacokinetics O -of O -desipramine B-Chemical -HCl I-Chemical -when O -administered O -with O -cinacalcet B-Chemical -HCl I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -In O -vitro O -work O -has O -demonstrated O -that O -cinacalcet B-Chemical -is O -a O -strong O -inhibitor O -of O -cytochrome O -P450 O -isoenzyme O -( O -CYP O -) O -2D6 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -evaluate O -the O -effect O -of O -cinacalcet B-Chemical -on O -CYP2D6 O -activity O -, O -using O -desipramine B-Chemical -as O -a O -probe O -substrate O -, O -in O -healthy O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Seventeen O -subjects O -who O -were O -genotyped O -as O -CYP2D6 O -extensive O -metabolizers O -were O -enrolled O -in O -this O -randomized O -, O -open O -- O -label O -, O -crossover O -study O -to O -receive O -a O -single O -oral O -dose O -of O -desipramine B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -) O -on O -two O -separate O -occasions O -, O -once O -alone O -and O -once O -after O -multiple O -doses O -of O -cinacalcet B-Chemical -( O -90 O -mg O -for O -7 O -days O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -samples O -were O -obtained O -predose O -and O -up O -to O -72 O -h O -postdose O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Fourteen O -subjects O -completed O -both O -treatment O -arms O -. O - -aps B-category -Relative O -to O -desipramine B-Chemical -alone O -, O -mean O -AUC O -and O -C O -( O -max O -) O -of O -desipramine B-Chemical -increased O -3 O -. O -6 O -- O -and O -1 O -. O -8 O -- O -fold O -when O -coadministered O -with O -cinacalcet B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -t O -( O -1 O -/ O -2 O -, O -z O -) O -of O -desipramine B-Chemical -was O -longer O -when O -desipramine B-Chemical -was O -coadministered O -with O -cinacalcet B-Chemical -( O -21 O -. O -0 O -versus O -43 O -. O -3 O -hs O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -t O -( O -max O -) O -was O -similar O -between O -the O -regimens O -. O - -aps B-category -Fewer O -subjects O -reported O -adverse O -events O -following O -treatment O -with O -desipramine B-Chemical -alone O -than O -when O -receiving O -desipramine B-Chemical -with O -cinacalcet B-Chemical -( O -33 O -versus O -86 O -% O -) O -, O -the O -most O -frequent O -of O -which O -( O -nausea O -and O -headache O -) O -have O -been O -reported O -for O -patients O -treated O -with O -either O -desipramine B-Chemical -or O -cinacalcet B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -This O -study O -demonstrates O -that O -cinacalcet B-Chemical -is O -a O -strong O -inhibitor O -of O -CYP2D6 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -during O -concomitant O -treatment O -with O -cinacalcet B-Chemical -, O -dose O -adjustment O -may O -be O -necessary O -for O -drugs O -that O -demonstrate O -a O -narrow O -therapeutic O -index O -and O -are O -metabolized O -by O -CYP2D6 O -. O - -aps B-category -Case O -report O -: O -acute O -unintentional O -carbachol B-Chemical -intoxication O -. O - -aps B-category -INTRODUCTION O -: O -Intoxications O -with O -carbachol B-Chemical -, O -a O -muscarinic O -cholinergic O -receptor O -agonist O -are O -rare O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -an O -interesting O -case O -investigating O -a O -( O -near O -) O -fatal O -poisoning O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -The O -son O -of O -an O -84 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -male O -discovered O -a O -newspaper O -report O -stating O -clinical O -success O -with O -plant O -extracts O -in O -Alzheimer O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mode O -of O -action O -was O -said O -to O -be O -comparable O -to O -that O -of O -the O -synthetic O -compound O -' O -carbamylcholin B-Chemical -' O -; O -that O -is O -, O -carbachol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -He O -bought O -25 O -g O -of O -carbachol B-Chemical -as O -pure O -substance O -in O -a O -pharmacy O -, O -and O -the O -father O -was O -administered O -400 O -to O -500 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbachol B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -serum O -and O -urine O -on O -day O -1 O -and O -2 O -of O -hospital O -admission O -were O -analysed O -by O -HPLC O -- O -mass O -spectrometry O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Minutes O -after O -oral O -administration O -, O -the O -patient O -developed O -nausea O -, O -sweating O -and O -hypotension O -, O -and O -finally O -collapsed O -. O - -aps B-category -Bradycardia O -, O -cholinergic O -symptoms O -and O -asystole O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -Initial O -cardiopulmonary O -resuscitation O -and O -immediate O -treatment O -with O -adrenaline B-Chemical -( O -epinephrine B-Chemical -) O -, O -atropine B-Chemical -and O -furosemide B-Chemical -was O -successful O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -hospital O -admission O -, O -blood O -pressure O -of O -the O -intubated O -, O -bradyarrhythmic O -patient O -was O -100 O -/ O -65 O -mmHg O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -signs O -were O -hyperhidrosis O -, O -hypersalivation O -, O -bronchorrhoea O -, O -and O -severe O -miosis O -; O -the O -electrocardiographic O -finding O -was O -atrio O -- O -ventricular O -dissociation O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -doses O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -( O -up O -to O -50 O -mg O -per O -24 O -hours O -) O -, O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -were O -necessary O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -was O -extubated O -1 O -week O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -increased O -dyspnoea O -and O -bronchospasm O -necessitated O -reintubation O -. O - -aps B-category -Respiratory O -insufficiency O -was O -further O -worsened O -by O -Proteus O -mirabilis O -infection O -and O -severe O -bronchoconstriction O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -week O -later O -, O -the O -patient O -was O -again O -extubated O -and O -3 O -days O -later O -was O -transferred O -to O -a O -peripheral O -ward O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -next O -day O -he O -died O -, O -probably O -as O -a O -result O -of O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -samples O -from O -the O -first O -and O -second O -days O -contained O -3 O -. O -6 O -and O -1 O -. O -9 O -mg O -/ O -l O -carbachol B-Chemical -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -corresponding O -urine O -concentrations O -amounted O -to O -374 O -and O -554 O -mg O -/ O -l O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -This O -case O -started O -with O -a O -media O -report O -in O -a O -popular O -newspaper O -, O -initiated O -by O -published O -, O -peer O -- O -reviewed O -research O -on O -herbals O -, O -and O -involved O -human O -failure O -in O -a O -case O -history O -, O -medical O -examination O -and O -clinical O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -the O -first O -time O -, O -an O -analytical O -method O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -carbachol B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -and O -urine O -has O -been O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -analysed O -carbachol B-Chemical -concentration O -exceeded O -the O -supposed O -serum O -level O -resulting O -from O -a O -therapeutic O -dose O -by O -a O -factor O -of O -130 O -to O -260 O -. O - -aps B-category -Especially O -in O -old O -patients O -, O -intensivists O -should O -consider O -intoxications O -( O -with O -cholinergics O -) O -as O -a O -cause O -of O -acute O -cardiovascular O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -evidence O -for O -the O -potential O -of O -Daucus O -carota O -in O -the O -management O -of O -cognitive O -dysfunctions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -aimed O -at O -investigating O -the O -effects O -of O -Daucus O -carota O -seeds O -on O -cognitive O -functions O -, O -total O -serum O -cholesterol B-Chemical -levels O -and O -brain O -cholinesterase O -activity O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ethanolic O -extract B-Chemical -of I-Chemical -Daucus I-Chemical -carota I-Chemical -seeds I-Chemical -( O -DCE B-Chemical -) O -was O -administered O -orally O -in O -three O -doses O -( O -100 O -, O -200 O -, O -400 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -for O -seven O -successive O -days O -to O -different O -groups O -of O -young O -and O -aged O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Elevated O -plus O -maze O -and O -passive O -avoidance O -apparatus O -served O -as O -the O -exteroceptive O -behavioral O -models O -for O -testing O -memory O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -- O -, O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -and O -ageing O -- O -induced O -amnesia O -served O -as O -the O -interoceptive O -behavioral O -models O -. O - -aps B-category -DCE B-Chemical -( O -200 O -, O -400 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -p O -. O -o O -. O -) O -showed O -significant O -improvement O -in O -memory O -scores O -of O -young O -and O -aged O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extent O -of O -memory O -improvement O -evoked O -by O -DCE B-Chemical -was O -23 O -% O -at O -the O -dose O -of O -200 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -and O -35 O -% O -at O -the O -dose O -of O -400 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -in O -young O -mice O -using O -elevated O -plus O -maze O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -significant O -improvements O -in O -memory O -scores O -were O -observed O -using O -passive O -avoidance O -apparatus O -and O -aged O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -DCE B-Chemical -reversed O -the O -amnesia O -induced O -by O -scopolamine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Daucus B-Chemical -carota I-Chemical -extract I-Chemical -( O -200 O -, O -400 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -p O -. O -o O -. O -) O -reduced O -significantly O -the O -brain O -acetylcholinesterase O -activity O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -levels O -in O -young O -and O -aged O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extent O -of O -inhibition O -of O -brain O -cholinesterase O -activity O -evoked O -by O -DCE B-Chemical -at O -the O -dose O -of O -400 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -was O -22 O -% O -in O -young O -and O -19 O -% O -in O -aged O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -remarkable O -reduction O -in O -total O -cholesterol B-Chemical -level O -as O -well O -, O -to O -the O -extent O -of O -23 O -% O -in O -young O -and O -21 O -% O -in O -aged O -animals O -with O -this O -dose O -of O -DCE B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -DCE B-Chemical -may O -prove O -to O -be O -a O -useful O -remedy O -for O -the O -management O -of O -cognitive O -dysfunctions O -on O -account O -of O -its O -multifarious O -beneficial O -effects O -such O -as O -, O -memory O -improving O -property O -, O -cholesterol B-Chemical -lowering O -property O -and O -anticholinesterase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Valproic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -induced O -encephalopathy O -- O -- O -19 O -new O -cases O -in O -Germany O -from O -1994 O -to O -2003 O -- O -- O -a O -side O -effect O -associated O -to O -VPA B-Chemical -- O -therapy O -not O -only O -in O -young O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -Valproic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -VPA B-Chemical -) O -is O -a O -broad O -- O -spectrum O -antiepileptic O -drug O -and O -is O -usually O -well O -- O -tolerated O -. O - -aps B-category -Rare O -serious O -complications O -may O -occur O -in O -some O -patients O -, O -including O -haemorrhagic O -pancreatitis O -, O -bone O -marrow O -suppression O -, O -VPA B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hepatotoxicity O -and O -VPA B-Chemical -- O -induced O -encephalopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -typical O -signs O -of O -VPA B-Chemical -- O -induced O -encephalopathy O -are O -impaired O -consciousness O -, O -sometimes O -marked O -EEG O -background O -slowing O -, O -increased O -seizure O -frequency O -, O -with O -or O -without O -hyperammonemia O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -still O -no O -proof O -of O -causative O -effect O -of O -VPA B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -encephalopathy O -, O -but O -only O -of O -an O -association O -with O -an O -assumed O -causal O -relation O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -19 O -patients O -with O -VPA B-Chemical -- O -associated O -encephalopathy O -in O -Germany O -from O -the O -years O -1994 O -to O -2003 O -, O -none O -of O -whom O -had O -been O -published O -previously O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -haemorrhage O -induced O -by O -warfarin B-Chemical -- O -the O -influence O -of O -drug O -- O -drug O -interactions O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -To O -evaluate O -the O -frequency O -, O -severity O -and O -preventability O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cerebral O -haemorrhages O -due O -to O -warfarin B-Chemical -and O -warfarin B-Chemical -- O -drug O -interactions O -in O -patients O -living O -in O -the O -county O -of O -Osterg O -tland O -, O -Sweden O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -All O -patients O -with O -a O -diagnosed O -cerebral O -haemorrhage O -at O -three O -hospitals O -during O -the O -period O -2000 O -- O -2002 O -were O -identified O -. O - -aps B-category -Medical O -records O -were O -studied O -retrospectively O -to O -evaluate O -whether O -warfarin B-Chemical -and O -warfarin B-Chemical -- O -drug O -interactions O -could O -have O -caused O -the O -cerebral O -haemorrhage O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proportion O -of O -possibly O -avoidable O -cases O -due O -to O -drug O -interactions O -was O -estimated O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Among O -593 O -patients O -with O -cerebral O -haemorrhage O -, O -59 O -( O -10 O -% O -) O -were O -assessed O -as O -related O -to O -warfarin B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -imply O -an O -incidence O -of O -1 O -. O -7 O -/ O -100 O -, O -000 O -treatment O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -59 O -cases O -, O -26 O -( O -44 O -% O -) O -had O -a O -fatal O -outcome O -, O -compared O -to O -136 O -( O -25 O -% O -) O -among O -the O -non O -- O -warfarin B-Chemical -patients O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -warfarin B-Chemical -- O -drug O -interaction O -could O -have O -contributed O -to O -the O -haemorrhage O -in O -24 O -( O -41 O -% O -) O -of O -the O -warfarin B-Chemical -patients O -and O -in O -7 O -of O -these O -( O -12 O -% O -) O -the O -bleeding O -complication O -was O -considered O -being O -possible O -to O -avoid O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Warfarin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cerebral O -haemorrhages O -are O -a O -major O -clinical O -problem O -with O -a O -high O -fatality O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Almost O -half O -of O -the O -cases O -was O -related O -to O -a O -warfarin B-Chemical -- O -drug O -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -proportion O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -- O -related O -cerebral O -haemorrhages O -might O -have O -been O -prevented O -if O -greater O -caution O -had O -been O -taken O -when O -prescribing O -drugs O -known O -to O -interact O -with O -warfarin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Antipsychotic O -- O -like O -profile O -of O -thioperamide B-Chemical -, O -a O -selective O -H3 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -and O -clinical O -evidence O -points O -to O -a O -role O -of O -central O -histaminergic O -system O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -study O -the O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H O -( O -3 O -) O -- O -receptor O -ligands O -on O -neuroleptic O -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -, O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -climbing O -behavior O -and O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -locomotor O -activities O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Catalepsy O -was O -induced O -by O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -p O -. O -o O -. O -) O -, O -while O -apomorphine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -and O -amphetamine B-Chemical -( O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -were O -used O -for O -studying O -climbing O -behavior O -and O -locomotor O -activities O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -( B-Chemical -R I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylhistamine I-Chemical -( O -RAMH B-Chemical -) O -( O -5 O -microg O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O -) O -and O -thioperamide B-Chemical -( O -THP B-Chemical -) O -( O -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -, O -per O -se O -did O -not O -cause O -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -THP B-Chemical -( O -3 O -. O -75 O -, O -7 O -. O -5 O -and O -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -1 O -h O -prior O -to O -haloperidol B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -increase O -in O -the O -catalepsy O -times O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -pretreatment O -with O -RAMH B-Chemical -significantly O -reversed O -such O -an O -effect O -of O -THP B-Chemical -( O -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -RAMH B-Chemical -per O -se O -showed O -significant O -reduction O -in O -locomotor O -time O -, O -distance O -traveled O -and O -average O -speed O -but O -THP B-Chemical -( O -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -per O -se O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -these O -parameters O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -, O -THP B-Chemical -( O -3 O -. O -75 O -and O -7 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -reduced O -locomotor O -time O -, O -distance O -traveled O -and O -average O -speed O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -RAMH B-Chemical -( O -5 O -microg O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O -) O -could O -partially O -reverse O -such O -effects O -of O -THP B-Chemical -( O -3 O -. O -75 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Climbing O -behavior O -induced O -by O -apomorphine B-Chemical -was O -reduced O -in O -animals O -treated O -with O -THP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -an O -effect O -was O -, O -however O -, O -reversed O -in O -presence O -of O -RAMH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -THP B-Chemical -exhibited O -an O -antipsychotic O -- O -like O -profile O -by O -potentiating O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -, O -reducing O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -and O -reducing O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -climbing O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -effects O -of O -THP B-Chemical -were O -reversed O -by O -RAMH B-Chemical -indicating O -the O -involvement O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H O -( O -3 O -) O -- O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Findings O -suggest O -a O -potential O -for O -H O -( O -3 O -) O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -in O -improving O -the O -refractory O -cases O -of O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Cauda O -equina O -syndrome O -after O -epidural O -steroid B-Chemical -injection O -: O -a O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -Conventional O -treatment O -methods O -of O -lumbusacral O -radiculopathy O -are O -physical O -therapy O -, O -epidural O -steroid B-Chemical -injections O -, O -oral O -medications O -, O -and O -spinal O -manipulative O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Cauda O -equina O -syndrome O -is O -a O -rare O -complication O -of O -epidural O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -case O -is O -a O -report O -of O -cauda O -equina O -syndrome O -possibly O -caused O -by O -epidural O -injection O -of O -triamcinolone B-Chemical -and O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CLINICAL O -FEATURES O -: O -A O -50 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -low O -back O -and O -right O -leg O -pain O -was O -scheduled O -for O -epidural O -steroid B-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -INTERVENTION O -AND O -OUTCOME O -: O -An O -18 O -- O -gauge O -Touhy O -needle O -was O -inserted O -until O -loss O -of O -resistance O -occurred O -at O -the O -L4 O -- O -5 O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Spread O -of O -the O -contrast O -medium O -within O -the O -epidural O -space O -was O -determined O -by O -radiographic O -imaging O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -verifying O -the O -epidural O -space O -, O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -and O -triamcinolone B-Chemical -diacetate I-Chemical -were O -injected O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -injection O -, O -there O -was O -a O -reduction O -in O -radicular O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -hours O -later O -, O -she O -complained O -of O -perineal O -numbness O -and O -lower O -extremity O -weakness O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -neurologic O -evaluation O -revealed O -loss O -of O -sensation O -in O -the O -saddle O -area O -and O -medial O -aspect O -of O -her O -right O -leg O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -perception O -of O -pinprick O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Deep O -- O -tendon O -reflexes O -were O -decreased O -especially O -in O -the O -right O -leg O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -was O -unable O -to O -urinate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -' O -s O -symptoms O -improved O -slightly O -over O -the O -next O -few O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -had O -a O -gradual O -return O -of O -motor O -function O -and O -ability O -of O -feeling O -Foley O -catheter O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -of O -the O -symptoms O -were O -completely O -resolved O -over O -the O -next O -8 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Complications O -associated O -with O -epidural O -steroid B-Chemical -injections O -are O -rare O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -examination O -and O -continued O -vigilance O -for O -neurologic O -deterioration O -after O -epidural O -steroid B-Chemical -injections O -is O -important O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -- O -dose O -testosterone B-Chemical -is O -associated O -with O -atherosclerosis O -in O -postmenopausal O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -To O -study O -the O -long O -- O -term O -effects O -of O -androgen O -treatment O -on O -atherosclerosis O -in O -postmenopausal O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -In O -a O -population O -- O -based O -study O -in O -513 O -naturally O -postmenopausal O -women O -aged O -54 O -- O -67 O -years O -, O -we O -studied O -the O -association O -between O -self O -- O -reported O -intramuscularly O -administered O -high O -- O -dose O -estrogen B-Chemical -- O -testosterone B-Chemical -therapy O -( O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and I-Chemical -testosterone I-Chemical -esters I-Chemical -) O -and O -aortic O -atherosclerosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Aortic O -atherosclerosis O -was O -diagnosed O -by O -radiographic O -detection O -of O -calcified O -deposits O -in O -the O -abdominal O -aorta O -, O -which O -have O -been O -shown O -to O -reflect O -intima O -atherosclerosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Hormone O -therapy O -users O -were O -compared O -with O -never O -users O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Intramuscular O -hormone O -therapy O -use O -for O -1 O -year O -or O -longer O -was O -reported O -by O -25 O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -almost O -half O -of O -these O -women O -severe O -atherosclerosis O -of O -the O -aorta O -was O -present O -( O -n O -= O -11 O -) O -, O -while O -in O -women O -without O -hormone O -use O -severe O -atherosclerosis O -of O -the O -aorta O -was O -present O -in O -less O -than O -20 O -% O -( O -OR O -3 O -. O -1 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -1 O -. O -1 O -- O -8 O -. O -5 O -, O -adjusted O -for O -age O -, O -years O -since O -menopause O -, O -smoking O -, O -and O -body O -mass O -index O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -association O -remained O -after O -additional O -adjustment O -for O -diabetes O -, O -cholesterol B-Chemical -level O -, O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -, O -or O -alcohol B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -association O -was O -found O -for O -hormone O -use O -less O -than O -1 O -year O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Our O -results O -suggest O -that O -high O -- O -dose O -testosterone B-Chemical -therapy O -may O -adversely O -affect O -atherosclerosis O -in O -postmenopausal O -women O -and O -indicate O -that O -androgen O -replacement O -in O -these O -women O -may O -not O -be O -harmless O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimising O -stroke O -prevention O -in O -non O -- O -valvular O -atrial O -fibrillation O -. O - -aps B-category -Atrial O -fibrillation O -is O -associated O -with O -substantial O -morbidity O -and O -mortality O -. O - -aps B-category -Pooled O -data O -from O -trials O -comparing O -antithrombotic O -treatment O -with O -placebo O -have O -shown O -that O -warfarin B-Chemical -reduces O -the O -risk O -of O -stroke O -by O -62 O -% O -, O -and O -that O -aspirin B-Chemical -alone O -reduces O -the O -risk O -by O -22 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Overall O -, O -in O -high O -- O -risk O -patients O -, O -warfarin B-Chemical -is O -superior O -to O -aspirin B-Chemical -in O -preventing O -strokes O -, O -with O -a O -relative O -risk O -reduction O -of O -36 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Ximelagatran B-Chemical -, O -an O -oral O -direct O -thrombin O -inhibitor O -, O -was O -found O -to O -be O -as O -efficient O -as O -vitamin B-Chemical -K I-Chemical -antagonist O -drugs O -in O -the O -prevention O -of O -embolic O -events O -, O -but O -has O -been O -recently O -withdrawn O -because O -of O -abnormal O -liver O -function O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ACTIVE O -- O -W O -( O -Atrial O -Fibrillation O -Clopidogrel B-Chemical -Trial O -with O -Irbesartan B-Chemical -for O -Prevention O -of O -Vascular O -Events O -) O -study O -has O -demonstrated O -that O -warfarin B-Chemical -is O -superior O -to O -platelet O -therapy O -( O -clopidogrel B-Chemical -plus O -aspirin B-Chemical -) O -in O -the O -prevention O -af O -embolic O -events O -. O - -aps B-category -Idraparinux B-Chemical -, O -a O -Factor O -Xa O -inhibitor O -, O -is O -being O -evaluated O -in O -patients O -with O -atrial O -fibrillation O -. O - -aps B-category -Angiotensin B-Chemical -- O -converting O -enzyme O -inhibitors O -and O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -receptor O -- O -blocking O -drugs O -hold O -promise O -in O -atrial O -fibrillation O -through O -cardiac O -remodelling O -. O - -aps B-category -Preliminary O -studies O -suggest O -that O -statins B-Chemical -could O -interfere O -with O -the O -risk O -of O -recurrence O -after O -electrical O -cardioversion O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -percutaneous O -methods O -for O -the O -exclusion O -of O -left O -atrial O -appendage O -are O -under O -investigation O -in O -high O -- O -risk O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Anti O -- O -oxidant O -effects O -of O -atorvastatin B-Chemical -in O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexamethasone B-Chemical -( O -Dex B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -hypertension O -is O -characterized O -by O -endothelial O -dysfunction O -associated O -with O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -( O -NO B-Chemical -) O -deficiency O -and O -increased O -superoxide B-Chemical -( O -O2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -) O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Atorvastatin B-Chemical -( O -Ato B-Chemical -) O -possesses O -pleiotropic O -properties O -that O -have O -been O -reported O -to O -improve O -endothelial O -function O -through O -increased O -availability O -of O -NO B-Chemical -and O -reduced O -O2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -production O -in O -various O -forms O -of O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -we O -investigated O -whether O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -day O -, O -p O -. O -o O -. O -, O -Ato B-Chemical -could O -prevent O -endothelial O -NO B-Chemical -synthase O -( O -eNOS O -) O -downregulation O -and O -the O -increase O -in O -O2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -in O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -( O -SD O -) O -rats O -, O -thereby O -reducing O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -SD O -rats O -( O -n O -= O -30 O -) O -were O -treated O -with O -Ato B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -day O -in O -drinking O -water O -) O -or O -tap O -water O -for O -15 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexamethasone B-Chemical -( O -10 O -microg O -/ O -kg O -per O -day O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -or O -saline O -was O -started O -after O -4 O -days O -in O -Ato B-Chemical -- O -treated O -and O -non O -- O -treated O -rats O -and O -continued O -for O -11 O -- O -13 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Systolic O -blood O -pressure O -( O -SBP O -) O -was O -measured O -on O -alternate O -days O -using O -the O -tail O -- O -cuff O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Endothelial O -function O -was O -assessed O -by O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -vasorelaxation O -and O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -vasoconstriction O -in O -aortic O -segments O -. O - -aps B-category -Vascular O -eNOS O -mRNA O -was O -assessed O -by O -semi O -- O -quantitative O -reverse O -transcription O -- O -polymerase O -chain O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rats O -treated O -with O -Dex B-Chemical -alone O -, O -SBP O -was O -increased O -from O -109 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -to O -133 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -mmHg O -on O -Days O -4 O -and O -Day O -14 O -, O -respectively O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -Ato B-Chemical -+ O -Dex B-Chemical -group O -, O -SBP O -was O -increased O -from O -113 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -to O -119 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -mmHg O -on O -Days O -4 O -to O -14 O -, O -respectively O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -but O -was O -significantly O -lower O -than O -SBP O -in O -the O -group O -treated O -with O -Dex B-Chemical -alone O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Endothelial O -- O -dependent O -relaxation O -and O -eNOS O -mRNA O -expression O -were O -greater O -in O -the O -Dex B-Chemical -+ O -Ato B-Chemical -group O -than O -in O -the O -Dex B-Chemical -only O -group O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -and O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -0001 O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Aortic O -superoxide B-Chemical -production O -was O -lower O -in O -the O -Dex B-Chemical -+ O -Ato B-Chemical -group O -compared O -with O -the O -group O -treated O -with O -Dex B-Chemical -alone O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -0001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -Ato B-Chemical -improved O -endothelial O -function O -, O -reduced O -superoxide B-Chemical -production O -and O -reduced O -SBP O -in O -Dex B-Chemical -- O -treated O -SD O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -citrate B-Chemical -toxicity O -complicating O -volunteer O -apheresis O -platelet O -donation O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -severe O -citrate B-Chemical -toxicity O -during O -volunteer O -donor O -apheresis O -platelet O -collection O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -donor O -was O -a O -40 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -female O -, O -first O -- O -time O -apheresis O -platelet O -donor O -. O - -aps B-category -Past O -medical O -history O -was O -remarkable O -for O -hypertension O -, O -hyperlipidemia O -, O -and O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -Reported O -medications O -included O -bumetanide B-Chemical -, O -pravastatin B-Chemical -, O -and O -paroxetine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -minutes O -from O -the O -start O -of O -the O -procedure O -, O -the O -donor O -noted O -tingling O -around O -the O -mouth O -, O -hands O -, O -and O -feet O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -then O -very O -rapidly O -developed O -acute O -onset O -of O -severe O -facial O -and O -extremity O -tetany O -. O - -aps B-category -Empirical O -treatment O -with O -intravenous O -calcium B-Chemical -gluconate I-Chemical -was O -initiated O -, O -and O -muscle O -contractions O -slowly O -subsided O -over O -approximately O -10 O -to O -15 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -events O -are O -consistent O -with O -a O -severe O -reaction O -to O -calcium B-Chemical -chelation O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -anticoagulant O -resulting O -in O -symptomatic O -systemic O -hypocalcemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Upon O -additional O -retrospective O -analysis O -, O -it O -was O -noted O -that O -bumetanide B-Chemical -is O -a O -loop B-Chemical -diuretic I-Chemical -that O -may O -cause O -significant O -hypocalcemia O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -careful O -screening O -for O -medications O -and O -underlying O -conditions O -predisposing O -to O -hypocalcemia O -is O -recommended O -to O -help O -prevent O -severe O -reactions O -due O -to O -citrate B-Chemical -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Laboratory O -measurement O -of O -pre O -- O -procedure O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -in O -selected O -donors O -may O -identify O -cases O -requiring O -heightened O -vigilance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -case O -also O -illustrates O -the O -importance O -of O -maintaining O -preparedness O -for O -managing O -rare O -but O -serious O -reactions O -in O -volunteer O -apheresis O -blood O -donors O -. O - -aps B-category -Sirolimus B-Chemical -- O -associated O -proteinuria O -and O -renal O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -Sirolimus B-Chemical -is O -a O -novel O -immunosuppressant O -with O -potent O -antiproliferative O -actions O -through O -its O -ability O -to O -inhibit O -the O -raptor O -- O -containing O -mammalian O -target O -of O -rapamycin B-Chemical -protein O -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -Sirolimus B-Chemical -represents O -a O -major O -therapeutic O -advance O -in O -the O -prevention O -of O -acute O -renal O -allograft O -rejection O -and O -chronic O -allograft O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -role O -in O -the O -therapy O -of O -glomerulonephritis O -, O -autoimmunity O -, O -cystic O -renal O -diseases O -and O -renal O -cancer O -is O -under O -investigation O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -sirolimus B-Chemical -does O -not O -share O -the O -vasomotor O -renal O -adverse O -effects O -exhibited O -by O -calcineurin O -inhibitors O -, O -it O -has O -been O -designated O -a O -' O -non O -- O -nephrotoxic O -drug O -' O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -clinical O -reports O -suggest O -that O -, O -under O -some O -circumstances O -, O -sirolimus B-Chemical -is O -associated O -with O -proteinuria O -and O -acute O -renal O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -common O -risk O -factor O -appears O -to O -be O -presence O -of O -pre O -- O -existing O -chronic O -renal O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanisms O -of O -sirolimus B-Chemical -- O -associated O -proteinuria O -are O -multifactorial O -and O -may O -be O -due O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -glomerular O -capillary O -pressure O -following O -calcineurin O -inhibitor O -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -also O -been O -suggested O -that O -sirolimus B-Chemical -directly O -causes O -increased O -glomerular O -permeability O -/ O -injury O -, O -but O -evidence O -for O -this O -mechanism O -is O -currently O -inconclusive O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acute O -renal O -dysfunction O -associated O -with O -sirolimus B-Chemical -( O -such O -as O -in O -delayed O -graft O -function O -) O -may O -be O -due O -to O -suppression O -of O -compensatory O -renal O -cell O -proliferation O -and O -survival O -/ O -repair O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -these O -adverse O -effects O -occur O -in O -some O -patients O -, O -their O -occurrence O -could O -be O -minimised O -by O -knowledge O -of O -the O -molecular O -effects O -of O -sirolimus B-Chemical -on O -the O -kidney O -, O -the O -use O -of O -sirolimus B-Chemical -in O -appropriate O -patient O -populations O -, O -close O -monitoring O -of O -proteinuria O -and O -renal O -function O -, O -use O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- O -converting O -enzyme O -inhibitors O -or O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -receptor O -blockers O -if O -proteinuria O -occurs O -and O -withdrawal O -if O -needed O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -long O -- O -term O -analysis O -of O -renal O -allograft O -studies O -using O -sirolimus B-Chemical -as O -de O -novo O -immunosuppression O -along O -with O -clinical O -and O -laboratory O -studies O -will O -refine O -these O -issues O -in O -the O -future O -. O - -aps B-category -Proteinuria O -after O -conversion O -to O -sirolimus B-Chemical -in O -renal O -transplant O -recipients O -. O - -aps B-category -Sirolimus B-Chemical -( O -SRL B-Chemical -) O -is O -a O -new O -, O -potent O -immunosuppressive O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -More O -recently O -, O -proteinuria O -has O -been O -reported O -as O -a O -consequence O -of O -sirolimus B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -although O -the O -mechanism O -has O -remained O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -retrospectively O -examined O -the O -records O -of O -25 O -renal O -transplant O -patients O -, O -who O -developed O -or O -displayed O -increased O -proteinuria O -after O -SRL B-Chemical -conversion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -cohort O -( O -14 O -men O -, O -11 O -women O -) O -was O -treated O -with O -SRL B-Chemical -as O -conversion O -therapy O -, O -due O -to O -chronic O -allograft O -nephropathy O -( O -CAN O -) O -( O -n O -= O -15 O -) O -neoplasia O -( O -n O -= O -8 O -) O -; O -Kaposi O -' O -s O -sarcoma O -, O -Four O -skin O -cancers O -, O -One O -intestinal O -tumors O -, O -One O -renal O -cell O -carsinom O -) O -or O -BK O -virus O -nephropathy O -( O -n O -= O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -SRL B-Chemical -was O -started O -at O -a O -mean O -of O -78 O -+ O -/ O -- O -42 O -( O -15 O -to O -163 O -) O -months O -after O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -follow O -- O -up O -on O -SRL B-Chemical -therapy O -was O -20 O -+ O -/ O -- O -12 O -( O -6 O -to O -43 O -) O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Proteinuria O -increased O -from O -0 O -. O -445 O -( O -0 O -to O -1 O -. O -5 O -) O -g O -/ O -d O -before O -conversion O -to O -3 O -. O -2 O -g O -/ O -dL O -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -to O -12 O -) O -after O -conversion O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -conversion O -8 O -( O -32 O -% O -) O -patients O -had O -no O -proteinuria O -, O -whereas O -afterwards O -all O -patients O -had O -proteinuria O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -28 O -% O -of O -patients O -proteinuria O -remained O -unchanged O -, O -whereas O -it O -increased O -in O -68 O -% O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -40 O -% O -it O -increased O -by O -more O -than O -100 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -eight O -percent O -of O -patients O -showed O -increased O -proteinuria O -to O -the O -nephrotic O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -Biopsies O -performed O -in O -five O -patients O -revealed O -new O -pathological O -changes O -: O -One O -membranoproliferative O -glomerulopathy O -and O -interstitial O -nephritis O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -patients O -showed O -persistently O -good O -graft O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -values O -did O -not O -change O -significantly O -: O -1 O -. O -98 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -8 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -before O -SRL B-Chemical -therapy O -and O -2 O -. O -53 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -9 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -at O -last O -follow O -- O -up O -( O -P O -= O -. O -14 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -grafts O -were O -lost O -and O -the O -patients O -returned O -to O -dialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -patients O -displayed O -CAN O -and O -Kaposi O -' O -s O -sarcoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -urinary O -protein O -of O -patients O -who O -returned O -to O -dialysis O -was O -1 O -. O -26 O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -to O -3 O -. O -5 O -) O -g O -/ O -d O -before O -and O -4 O -. O -7 O -( O -3 O -to O -12 O -) O -g O -/ O -d O -after O -conversion O -( O -P O -= O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -level O -before O -conversion O -was O -2 O -. O -21 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -and O -thereafter O -, O -4 O -. O -93 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -( O -P O -= O -. O -02 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Heavy O -proteinuria O -was O -common O -after O -the O -use O -of O -SRL B-Chemical -as O -rescue O -therapy O -for O -renal O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -conversion O -should O -be O -considered O -for O -patients O -who O -have O -not O -developed O -advanced O -CAN O -and O -proteinuria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -of O -de O -novo O -glomerular O -pathology O -under O -SRL B-Chemical -treatment O -requires O -further O -investigation O -by O -renal O -biopsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -follow O -- O -up O -of O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -renal O -toxicity O -in O -children O -treated O -for O -malignant O -mesenchymal O -tumors O -: O -an O -International O -Society O -of O -Pediatric O -Oncology O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -renal O -function O -of O -74 O -children O -with O -malignant O -mesenchymal O -tumors O -in O -complete O -remission O -and O -who O -have O -received O -the O -same O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -chemotherapy O -protocol O -( O -International O -Society O -of O -Pediatric O -Oncology O -Malignant O -Mesenchymal O -Tumor O -Study O -84 O -[ O -SIOP O -MMT O -84 O -] O -) O -were O -studied O -1 O -year O -after O -the O -completion O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -cumulative O -doses O -were O -36 O -or O -60 O -g O -/ O -m2 O -of O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -( O -six O -or O -10 O -cycles O -of O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -vincristine I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -and I-Chemical -dactinomycin I-Chemical -[ O -IVA B-Chemical -] O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -them O -had O -received O -cisplatin B-Chemical -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Ages O -ranged O -from O -4 O -months O -to O -17 O -years O -; O -58 O -patients O -were O -males O -and O -42 O -females O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -common O -primary O -tumor O -site O -was O -the O -head O -and O -neck O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -function O -was O -investigated O -by O -measuring O -plasma O -and O -urinary O -electrolytes O -, O -glucosuria O -, O -proteinuria O -, O -aminoaciduria O -, O -urinary O -pH O -, O -osmolarity O -, O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -, O -phosphate B-Chemical -tubular O -reabsorption O -, O -beta O -2 O -microglobulinuria O -, O -and O -lysozymuria O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifty O -- O -eight O -patients O -( O -78 O -% O -) O -had O -normal O -renal O -tests O -, O -whereas O -16 O -patients O -( O -22 O -% O -) O -had O -renal O -abnormalities O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -subsets O -of O -patients O -were O -identified O -from O -this O -latter O -group O -: O -the O -first O -included O -four O -patients O -( O -5 O -% O -of O -the O -total O -population O -) O -who O -developed O -major O -toxicity O -resulting O -in O -Fanconi O -' O -s O -syndrome O -( O -TDFS O -) O -; O -and O -the O -second O -group O -included O -five O -patients O -with O -elevated O -beta O -2 O -microglobulinuria O -and O -low O -phosphate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -remaining O -seven O -patients O -had O -isolated O -beta O -2 O -microglobulinuria O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -toxicity O -was O -correlated O -with O -the O -higher O -cumulative O -dose O -of O -60 O -g O -/ O -m2 O -of O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -, O -a O -younger O -age O -( O -less O -than O -2 O -1 O -/ O -2 O -years O -old O -) O -, O -and O -a O -predominance O -of O -vesicoprostatic O -tumor O -involvement O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -low O -percentage O -( O -5 O -% O -) O -of O -TDFS O -must O -be O -evaluated O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -efficacy O -of O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -mesenchymal O -tumors O -in O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -Progressive O -myopathy O -with O -up O -- O -regulation O -of O -MHC O -- O -I O -associated O -with O -statin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Statins B-Chemical -can O -cause O -a O -necrotizing O -myopathy O -and O -hyperCKaemia O -which O -is O -reversible O -on O -cessation O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -What O -is O -less O -well O -known O -is O -a O -phenomenon O -whereby O -statins B-Chemical -may O -induce O -a O -myopathy O -, O -which O -persists O -or O -may O -progress O -after O -stopping O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -investigated O -the O -muscle O -pathology O -in O -8 O -such O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -had O -myofibre O -necrosis O -but O -only O -3 O -had O -an O -inflammatory O -infiltrate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -cases O -there O -was O -diffuse O -or O -multifocal O -up O -- O -regulation O -of O -MHC O -- O -I O -expression O -even O -in O -non O -- O -necrotic O -fibres O -. O - -aps B-category -Progressive O -improvement O -occurred O -in O -7 O -cases O -after O -commencement O -of O -prednisolone B-Chemical -and O -methotrexate B-Chemical -, O -and O -in O -one O -case O -spontaneously O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -suggest O -that O -statins B-Chemical -may O -initiate O -an O -immune O -- O -mediated O -myopathy O -that O -persists O -after O -withdrawal O -of O -the O -drug O -and O -responds O -to O -immunosuppressive O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -this O -myopathy O -is O -uncertain O -but O -may O -involve O -the O -induction O -by O -statins B-Chemical -of O -an O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -stress O -response O -with O -associated O -up O -- O -regulation O -of O -MHC O -- O -I O -expression O -and O -antigen O -presentation O -by O -muscle O -fibres O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -chromosome O -substitution O -strains O -to O -identify O -seizure O -susceptibility O -loci O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Seizure O -susceptibility O -varies O -among O -inbred O -mouse O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -Chromosome O -substitution O -strains O -( O -CSS O -) O -, O -in O -which O -a O -single O -chromosome O -from O -one O -inbred O -strain O -( O -donor O -) O -has O -been O -transferred O -onto O -a O -second O -strain O -( O -host O -) O -by O -repeated O -backcrossing O -, O -may O -be O -used O -to O -identify O -quantitative O -trait O -loci O -( O -QTLs O -) O -that O -contribute O -to O -seizure O -susceptibility O -. O - -aps B-category -QTLs O -for O -susceptibility O -to O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -, O -a O -model O -of O -temporal O -lobe O -epilepsy O -, O -have O -not O -been O -reported O -, O -and O -CSS O -have O -not O -previously O -been O -used O -to O -localize O -seizure O -susceptibility O -genes O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -QTLs O -identified O -using O -a O -B6 O -( O -host O -) O -x O -A O -/ O -J O -( O -donor O -) O -CSS O -panel O -to O -localize O -genes O -involved O -in O -susceptibility O -to O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -hundred O -fifty O -- O -five O -adult O -male O -CSS O -mice O -, O -58 O -B6 O -, O -and O -39 O -A O -/ O -J O -were O -tested O -for O -susceptibility O -to O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Highest O -stage O -reached O -and O -latency O -to O -each O -stage O -were O -recorded O -for O -all O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -B6 O -mice O -were O -resistant O -to O -seizures O -and O -slower O -to O -reach O -stages O -compared O -to O -A O -/ O -J O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -CSS O -for O -Chromosomes O -10 O -and O -18 O -progressed O -to O -the O -most O -severe O -stages O -, O -diverging O -dramatically O -from O -the O -B6 O -phenotype O -. O - -aps B-category -Latencies O -to O -stages O -were O -also O -significantly O -shorter O -for O -CSS10 O -and O -CSS18 O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -CSS O -mapping O -suggests O -seizure O -susceptibility O -loci O -on O -mouse O -Chromosomes O -10 O -and O -18 O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -approach O -provides O -a O -framework O -for O -identifying O -potentially O -novel O -homologous O -candidate O -genes O -for O -human O -temporal O -lobe O -epilepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -characterization O -of O -parasympathetic O -and O -sympathetic O -responses O -in O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cystitis O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cystitis O -in O -the O -rat O -, O -detrusor O -function O -is O -impaired O -and O -the O -expression O -and O -effects O -of O -muscarinic O -receptors O -altered O -. O - -aps B-category -Whether O -or O -not O -the O -neuronal O -transmission O -may O -be O -affected O -by O -cystitis O -was O -presently O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Responses O -of O -urinary O -strip O -preparations O -from O -control O -and O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -- O -pretreated O -rats O -to O -electrical O -field O -stimulation O -and O -to O -agonists O -were O -assessed O -in O -the O -absence O -and O -presence O -of O -muscarinic O -, O -adrenergic O -and O -purinergic O -receptor O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Generally O -, O -atropine B-Chemical -reduced O -contractions O -, O -but O -in O -contrast O -to O -controls O -, O -it O -also O -reduced O -responses O -to O -low O -electrical O -field O -stimulation O -intensity O -( O -1 O -- O -5 O -Hz O -) O -in O -inflamed O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -types O -, O -purinoceptor O -desensitization O -with O -alpha B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylene I-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -( O -alpha B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -meATP I-Chemical -) O -caused O -further O -reductions O -at O -low O -frequencies O -( O -< O -10 O -Hz O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -muscarinic O -receptor O -antagonists O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diphenylacetoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylpiperidine I-Chemical -( O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DAMP I-Chemical -) O -( O -' O -M O -( O -1 O -) O -/ O -M O -( O -3 O -) O -/ O -M O -( O -5 O -) O -- O -selective O -' O -) O -, O -methoctramine B-Chemical -( O -' O -M O -( O -2 O -) O -- O -selective O -' O -) O -and O -pirenzepine B-Chemical -( O -' O -M O -( O -1 O -) O -- O -selective O -' O -) O -antagonized O -the O -tonic O -component O -of O -the O -electrical O -field O -stimulation O -- O -evoked O -contractile O -response O -more O -potently O -than O -the O -phasic O -component O -. O - -aps B-category -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DAMP I-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -tonic O -contractions O -in O -controls O -more O -potently O -than O -methoctramine B-Chemical -and O -pirenzepine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -inflamed O -preparations O -, O -the O -muscarinic O -receptor O -antagonism O -on O -the O -phasic O -component O -of O -the O -electrical O -field O -stimulation O -- O -evoked O -contraction O -was O -decreased O -and O -the O -pirenzepine B-Chemical -and O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DAMP I-Chemical -antagonism O -on O -the O -tonic O -component O -was O -much O -less O -efficient O -than O -in O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -to O -controls O -, O -methoctramine B-Chemical -increased O -- O -- O -instead O -of O -decreased O -- O -- O -the O -tonic O -responses O -at O -high O -frequencies O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -contractions O -to O -carbachol B-Chemical -and O -ATP B-Chemical -were O -the O -same O -in O -inflamed O -and O -in O -control O -strips O -when O -related O -to O -a O -reference O -potassium B-Chemical -response O -, O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -- O -induced O -relaxations O -were O -smaller O -in O -inflamed O -strips O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -in O -cystitis O -substantial O -changes O -of O -the O -efferent O -functional O -responses O -occur O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -postjunctional O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -- O -mediated O -relaxations O -are O -reduced O -, O -effects O -by O -prejunctional O -inhibitory O -muscarinic O -receptors O -may O -be O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Direct O -inhibition O -of O -cardiac O -hyperpolarization O -- O -activated O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -- O -gated O -pacemaker O -channels O -by O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Inhibition O -of O -cardiac O -sympathetic O -tone O -represents O -an O -important O -strategy O -for O -treatment O -of O -cardiovascular O -disease O -, O -including O -arrhythmia O -, O -coronary O -heart O -disease O -, O -and O -chronic O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -presynaptic O -alpha2 O -- O -adrenoceptors O -is O -the O -most O -widely O -accepted O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -the O -antisympathetic O -drug O -clonidine B-Chemical -; O -however O -, O -other O -target O -proteins O -have O -been O -postulated O -to O -contribute O -to O -the O -in O -vivo O -actions O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -AND O -RESULTS O -: O -To O -test O -whether O -clonidine B-Chemical -elicits O -pharmacological O -effects O -independent O -of O -alpha2 O -- O -adrenoceptors O -, O -we O -have O -generated O -mice O -with O -a O -targeted O -deletion O -of O -all O -3 O -alpha2 O -- O -adrenoceptor O -subtypes O -( O -alpha2ABC O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha2ABC O -- O -/ O -- O -mice O -were O -completely O -unresponsive O -to O -the O -analgesic O -and O -hypnotic O -effects O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -; O -however O -, O -clonidine B-Chemical -significantly O -lowered O -heart O -rate O -in O -alpha2ABC O -- O -/ O -- O -mice O -by O -up O -to O -150 O -bpm O -. O - -aps B-category -Clonidine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -bradycardia O -in O -conscious O -alpha2ABC O -- O -/ O -- O -mice O -was O -32 O -. O -3 O -% O -( O -10 O -microg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -26 O -. O -6 O -% O -( O -100 O -microg O -/ O -kg O -) O -of O -the O -effect O -in O -wild O -- O -type O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -bradycardic O -effect O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -was O -observed O -in O -isolated O -spontaneously O -beating O -right O -atria O -from O -alpha2ABC O -- O -knockout O -and O -wild O -- O -type O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Clonidine B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -native O -pacemaker O -current O -( O -I O -( O -f O -) O -) O -in O -isolated O -sinoatrial O -node O -pacemaker O -cells O -and O -the O -I O -( O -f O -) O -- O -generating O -hyperpolarization O -- O -activated O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -- O -gated O -( O -HCN O -) O -2 O -and O -HCN4 O -channels O -in O -transfected O -HEK293 O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -consequence O -of O -blocking O -I O -( O -f O -) O -, O -clonidine B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -slope O -of O -the O -diastolic O -depolarization O -and O -the O -frequency O -of O -pacemaker O -potentials O -in O -sinoatrial O -node O -cells O -from O -wild O -- O -type O -and O -alpha2ABC O -- O -knockout O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Direct O -inhibition O -of O -cardiac O -HCN O -pacemaker O -channels O -contributes O -to O -the O -bradycardic O -effects O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -gene O -- O -targeted O -mice O -in O -vivo O -, O -and O -thus O -, O -clonidine B-Chemical -- O -like O -drugs O -represent O -novel O -structures O -for O -future O -HCN O -channel O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Granulomatous O -hepatitis O -due O -to O -combination B-Chemical -of I-Chemical -amoxicillin I-Chemical -and I-Chemical -clavulanic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -case O -of O -a O -patient O -with O -amoxicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -clavulanic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -induced O -hepatitis O -with O -histologic O -multiple O -granulomas O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -type O -of O -lesion O -broadens O -the O -spectrum O -of O -liver O -injury O -due O -to O -this O -drug O -combination O -, O -mainly O -represented O -by O -a O -benign O -cholestatic O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -association O -of O -granulomas O -and O -eosinophilia O -favor O -an O -immunoallergic O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -penicillin B-Chemical -derivatives O -and O -amoxicillin B-Chemical -alone O -are O -known O -to O -induce O -such O -types O -of O -lesions O -, O -the O -amoxicillin B-Chemical -component O -, O -with O -or O -without O -a O -potentiating O -effect O -of O -clavulanic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -might O -have O -a O -major O -role O -. O - -aps B-category -Dobutamine B-Chemical -stress O -echocardiography O -: O -a O -sensitive O -indicator O -of O -diminished O -myocardial O -function O -in O -asymptomatic O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -long O -- O -term O -survivors O -of O -childhood O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Doxorubicin B-Chemical -is O -an O -effective O -anticancer O -chemotherapeutic O -agent O -known O -to O -cause O -acute O -and O -chronic O -cardiomyopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -develop O -a O -more O -sensitive O -echocardiographic O -screening O -test O -for O -cardiac O -damage O -due O -to O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -, O -a O -cohort O -study O -was O -performed O -using O -dobutamine B-Chemical -infusion O -to O -differentiate O -asymptomatic O -long O -- O -term O -survivors O -of O -childhood O -cancer O -treated O -with O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -from O -healthy O -control O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Echocardiographic O -data O -from O -the O -experimental O -group O -of O -21 O -patients O -( O -mean O -age O -16 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -years O -) O -treated O -from O -1 O -. O -6 O -to O -14 O -. O -3 O -years O -( O -median O -5 O -. O -3 O -) O -before O -this O -study O -with O -27 O -to O -532 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -mean O -196 O -) O -were O -compared O -with O -echocardiographic O -data O -from O -12 O -normal O -age O -- O -matched O -control O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Graded O -dobutamine B-Chemical -infusions O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -, O -2 O -. O -5 O -, O -5 O -and O -10 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -per O -min O -were O -administered O -. O - -aps B-category -Echocardiographic O -Doppler O -studies O -were O -performed O -before O -infusion O -and O -after O -15 O -min O -of O -infusion O -at O -each O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Dobutamine B-Chemical -infusion O -at O -10 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -per O -min O -was O -discontinued O -after O -six O -studies O -secondary O -to O -a O -50 O -% O -incidence O -rate O -of O -adverse O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -important O -findings O -were O -that O -compared O -with O -values O -in O -control O -subjects O -, O -end O -- O -systolic O -left O -ventricular O -posterior O -wall O -dimension O -and O -percent O -of O -left O -ventricular O -posterior O -wall O -thickening O -in O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -were O -decreased O -at O -baseline O -study O -and O -these O -findings O -were O -more O -clearly O -delineated O -with O -dobutamine B-Chemical -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -End O -- O -systolic O -left O -ventricular O -posterior O -wall O -dimension O -at O -baseline O -for O -the O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -group O -was O -11 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -9 O -mm O -versus O -13 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -5 O -mm O -for O -control O -subjects O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -End O -- O -systolic O -left O -ventricular O -posterior O -wall O -dimension O -at O -the O -5 O -- O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -per O -min O -dobutamine B-Chemical -infusion O -for O -the O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -group O -was O -14 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -4 O -mm O -versus O -19 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -6 O -mm O -for O -control O -subjects O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -smoking B-Chemical -on O -developing O -cochlea O -. O - -aps B-category -Does O -smoking B-Chemical -during O -pregnancy O -affect O -the O -amplitudes O -of O -transient O -evoked O -otoacoustic O -emissions O -in O -newborns O -? O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -Maternal O -tobacco O -smoking B-Chemical -has O -negative O -effects O -on O -fetal O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -smoking B-Chemical -during O -pregnancy O -on O -the O -developing O -cochlea O -has O -not O -been O -estimated O -, O -although O -smoking B-Chemical -has O -been O -positively O -associated O -with O -hearing O -loss O -in O -adults O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -objective O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -the O -effects O -of O -maternal O -smoking B-Chemical -on O -transient O -evoked O -otoacoustic O -emissions O -( O -TEOAEs O -) O -of O -healthy O -neonates O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -This O -study O -was O -undertaken O -as O -part O -of O -neonatal O -screening O -for O -hearing O -impairment O -and O -involved O -both O -ears O -of O -200 O -newborns O -. O - -aps B-category -Newborns O -whose O -mothers O -reported O -smoking B-Chemical -during O -pregnancy O -( O -n O -= O -200 O -ears O -) O -were O -compared O -to O -a O -control O -group O -of O -newborns O -( O -n O -= O -200 O -ears O -) O -, O -whose O -mothers O -were O -non O -- O -smokers O -. O - -aps B-category -Exposure O -to O -tobacco O -was O -characterized O -as O -low O -( O -< O -5 O -cigarettes O -per O -day O -, O -n O -= O -88 O -ears O -) O -, O -moderate O -( O -5 O -< O -or O -= O -cigarettes O -per O -day O -< O -10 O -, O -n O -= O -76 O -) O -or O -high O -( O -> O -or O -= O -10 O -cigarettes O -per O -day O -, O -n O -= O -36 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -In O -exposed O -neonates O -, O -TEOAEs O -mean O -response O -( O -across O -frequency O -) O -and O -mean O -amplitude O -at O -4000Hz O -was O -significantly O -lower O -than O -in O -non O -- O -exposed O -neonates O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparisons O -between O -exposed O -newborns O -' O -subgroups O -revealed O -no O -significant O -differences O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -by O -comparing O -each O -subgroup O -to O -control O -group O -, O -we O -found O -statistically O -significant O -decreases O -of O -TEOAEs O -amplitudes O -at O -4000Hz O -for O -all O -three O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -TEOAEs O -responses O -of O -highly O -exposed O -newborns O -were O -also O -significantly O -lower O -in O -comparison O -to O -our O -control O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -In O -utero O -, O -exposure O -to O -tobacco O -smoking B-Chemical -seems O -to O -have O -a O -small O -impact O -on O -outer O -hair O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -seem O -to O -be O -equally O -true O -for O -all O -exposed O -newborns O -, O -regardless O -of O -the O -degree O -of O -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -studies O -are O -needed O -in O -order O -to O -establish O -a O -potential O -negative O -effect O -of O -maternal O -smoking B-Chemical -on O -the O -neonate O -' O -s O -hearing O -acuity O -. O - -aps B-category -Simvastatin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -bilateral O -leg O -compartment O -syndrome O -and O -myonecrosis O -associated O -with O -hypothyroidism O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -54 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -hypothyroid O -male O -taking O -thyroxine B-Chemical -and O -simvastatin B-Chemical -presented O -with O -bilateral O -leg O -compartment O -syndrome O -and O -myonecrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Urgent O -fasciotomies O -were O -performed O -and O -the O -patient O -made O -an O -uneventful O -recovery O -with O -the O -withdrawal O -of O -simvastatin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -likely O -that O -this O -complication O -will O -be O -seen O -more O -often O -with O -the O -increased O -worldwide O -use O -of O -this O -drug O -and O -its O -approval O -for O -all O -arteriopathic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroinflammation O -and O -behavioral O -abnormalities O -after O -neonatal O -terbutaline B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -rats O -: O -implications O -for O -autism O -. O - -aps B-category -Autism O -is O -a O -neurodevelopmental O -disorder O -presenting O -before O -3 O -years O -of O -age O -with O -deficits O -in O -communication O -and O -social O -skills O -and O -repetitive O -behaviors O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -genetic O -influences O -, O -recent O -studies O -suggest O -that O -prenatal O -drug O -or O -chemical O -exposures O -are O -risk O -factors O -for O -autism O -. O - -aps B-category -Terbutaline B-Chemical -, O -a O -beta2 O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonist O -used O -to O -arrest O -preterm O -labor O -, O -has O -been O -associated O -with O -increased O -concordance O -for O -autism O -in O -dizygotic O -twins O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -the O -effects O -of O -terbutaline B-Chemical -on O -microglial O -activation O -in O -different O -brain O -regions O -and O -behavioral O -outcomes O -in O -developing O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Newborn O -rats O -were O -given O -terbutaline B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -daily O -on O -postnatal O -days O -( O -PN O -) O -2 O -to O -5 O -or O -PN O -11 O -to O -14 O -and O -examined O -24 O -h O -after O -the O -last O -dose O -and O -at O -PN O -30 O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunohistochemical O -studies O -showed O -that O -administration O -of O -terbutaline B-Chemical -on O -PN O -2 O -to O -5 O -produced O -a O -robust O -increase O -in O -microglial O -activation O -on O -PN O -30 O -in O -the O -cerebral O -cortex O -, O -as O -well O -as O -in O -cerebellar O -and O -cerebrocortical O -white O -matter O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -these O -effects O -occurred O -in O -animals O -given O -terbutaline B-Chemical -on O -PN O -11 O -to O -14 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -behavioral O -tests O -, O -animals O -treated O -with O -terbutaline B-Chemical -on O -PN O -2 O -to O -5 O -showed O -consistent O -patterns O -of O -hyper O -- O -reactivity O -to O -novelty O -and O -aversive O -stimuli O -when O -assessed O -in O -a O -novel O -open O -field O -, O -as O -well O -as O -in O -the O -acoustic O -startle O -response O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -findings O -indicate O -that O -beta2 O -- O -adrenoceptor O -overstimulation O -during O -an O -early O -critical O -period O -results O -in O -microglial O -activation O -associated O -with O -innate O -neuroinflammatory O -pathways O -and O -behavioral O -abnormalities O -, O -similar O -to O -those O -described O -in O -autism O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -provides O -a O -useful O -animal O -model O -for O -understanding O -the O -neuropathological O -processes O -underlying O -autism O -spectrum O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -Upregulation O -of O -brain O -expression O -of O -P O -- O -glycoprotein O -in O -MRP2 O -- O -deficient O -TR O -( O -- O -) O -rats O -resembles O -seizure O -- O -induced O -up O -- O -regulation O -of O -this O -drug O -efflux O -transporter O -in O -normal O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -The O -multidrug O -resistance O -protein O -2 O -( O -MRP2 O -) O -is O -a O -drug O -efflux O -transporter O -that O -is O -expressed O -predominantly O -at O -the O -apical O -domain O -of O -hepatocytes O -but O -seems O -also O -to O -be O -expressed O -at O -the O -apical O -membrane O -of O -brain O -capillary O -endothelial O -cells O -that O -form O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -( O -BBB O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -MRP2 O -is O -absent O -in O -the O -transport O -- O -deficient O -( O -TR O -( O -- O -) O -) O -Wistar O -rat O -mutant O -, O -so O -that O -this O -rat O -strain O -was O -very O -helpful O -in O -defining O -substrates O -of O -MRP2 O -by O -comparing O -tissue O -concentrations O -or O -functional O -activities O -of O -compounds O -in O -MRP2 O -- O -deficient O -rats O -with O -those O -in O -transport O -- O -competent O -Wistar O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -using O -this O -strategy O -to O -study O -the O -involvement O -of O -MRP2 O -in O -brain O -access O -of O -antiepileptic O -drugs O -( O -AEDs O -) O -, O -we O -recently O -reported O -that O -phenytoin B-Chemical -is O -a O -substrate O -for O -MRP2 O -in O -the O -BBB O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -one O -drawback O -of O -such O -studies O -in O -genetically O -deficient O -rats O -is O -the O -fact O -that O -compensatory O -changes O -with O -upregulation O -of O -other O -transporters O -can O -occur O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -prompted O -us O -to O -study O -the O -brain O -expression O -of O -P O -- O -glycoprotein O -( O -Pgp O -) O -, O -a O -major O -drug O -efflux O -transporter O -in O -many O -tissues O -, O -including O -the O -BBB O -, O -in O -TR O -( O -- O -) O -rats O -compared O -with O -nonmutant O -( O -wild O -- O -type O -) O -Wistar O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -The O -expression O -of O -MRP2 O -and O -Pgp O -in O -brain O -and O -liver O -sections O -of O -TR O -( O -- O -) O -rats O -and O -normal O -Wistar O -rats O -was O -determined O -with O -immunohistochemistry O -, O -by O -using O -a O -novel O -, O -highly O -selective O -monoclonal O -MRP2 O -antibody O -and O -the O -monoclonal O -Pgp O -antibody O -C219 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Immunofluorescence O -staining O -with O -the O -MRP2 O -antibody O -was O -found O -to O -label O -a O -high O -number O -of O -microvessels O -throughout O -the O -brain O -in O -normal O -Wistar O -rats O -, O -whereas O -such O -labeling O -was O -absent O -in O -TR O -( O -- O -) O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -TR O -( O -- O -) O -rats O -exhibited O -a O -significant O -up O -- O -regulation O -of O -Pgp O -in O -brain O -capillary O -endothelial O -cells O -compared O -with O -wild O -- O -type O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -such O -obvious O -upregulation O -of O -Pgp O -was O -observed O -in O -liver O -sections O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparable O -overexpression O -of O -Pgp O -in O -the O -BBB O -was O -obtained O -after O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -in O -wild O -- O -type O -Wistar O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -with O -systemic O -administration O -of O -the O -Pgp O -substrate O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -and O -the O -selective O -Pgp O -inhibitor O -tariquidar B-Chemical -in O -TR O -( O -- O -) O -rats O -substantiated O -that O -Pgp O -is O -functional O -and O -compensates O -for O -the O -lack O -of O -MRP2 O -in O -the O -BBB O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -data O -on O -TR O -( O -- O -) O -rats O -indicate O -that O -Pgp O -plays O -an O -important O -role O -in O -the O -compensation O -of O -MRP2 O -deficiency O -in O -the O -BBB O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -such O -a O -compensatory O -mechanism O -most O -likely O -occurs O -to O -reduce O -injury O -to O -the O -brain O -from O -cytotoxic O -compounds O -, O -the O -present O -data O -substantiate O -the O -concept O -that O -MRP2 O -performs O -a O -protective O -role O -in O -the O -BBB O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -our O -data O -suggest O -that O -TR O -( O -- O -) O -rats O -are O -an O -interesting O -tool O -to O -study O -consequences O -of O -overexpression O -of O -Pgp O -in O -the O -BBB O -on O -access O -of O -drugs O -in O -the O -brain O -, O -without O -the O -need O -of O -inducing O -seizures O -or O -other O -Pgp O -- O -enhancing O -events O -for O -this O -purpose O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -in O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucocorticoid O -- O -induced O -hypertension O -( O -GC O -- O -HT O -) O -in O -the O -rat O -is O -associated O -with O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -- O -redox O -imbalance O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -the O -role O -of O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -XO O -) O -, O -which O -is O -implicated O -in O -the O -production O -of O -reactive O -oxygen O -species O -, O -in O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -( O -dex B-Chemical -- O -HT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -male O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -were O -divided O -randomly O -into O -four O -treatment O -groups O -: O -saline O -, O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -( O -dex B-Chemical -) O -, O -allopurinol B-Chemical -plus O -saline O -, O -and O -allopurinol B-Chemical -plus O -dex B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Systolic O -blood O -pressures O -( O -SBP O -) O -and O -bodyweights O -were O -recorded O -each O -alternate O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -Thymus O -weight O -was O -used O -as O -a O -marker O -of O -glucocorticoid O -activity O -, O -and O -serum O -urate B-Chemical -to O -assess O -XO O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Dex B-Chemical -increased O -SBP O -( O -110 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -- O -126 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -mmHg O -; O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -and O -decreased O -thymus O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -and O -bodyweights O -( O -P O -" O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Allopurinol B-Chemical -decreased O -serum O -urate B-Chemical -from O -76 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -to O -30 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -micromol O -/ O -L O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -in O -saline O -and O -from O -84 O -+ O -/ O -- O -13 O -to O -28 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -micromol O -/ O -L O -in O -dex B-Chemical -- O -treated O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -Allopurinol B-Chemical -did O -not O -prevent O -dex B-Chemical -- O -HT O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -, O -together O -with O -our O -previous O -findings O -that O -allopurinol B-Chemical -failed O -to O -prevent O -adrenocorticotrophic O -hormone O -induced O -hypertension O -, O -suggests O -that O -XO O -activity O -is O -not O -a O -major O -determinant O -of O -GC O -- O -HT O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Side O -effects O -of O -postoperative O -administration O -of O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -and O -gentamicin B-Chemical -into O -the O -posterior O -sub O -- O -Tenon O -' O -s O -space O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -To O -assess O -the O -incidence O -of O -postoperative O -emetic O -side O -effects O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -and O -gentamicin B-Chemical -into O -the O -posterior O -sub O -- O -Tenon O -' O -s O -space O -at O -the O -end O -of O -routine O -cataract O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -SETTING O -: O -St O -. O - -aps B-category -Luke O -' O -s O -Hospital O -, O -Gwardamangia O -, O -Malta O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -A O -double O -- O -blind O -double O -- O -armed O -prospective O -study O -comprised O -40 O -patients O -who O -had O -uneventful O -sutureless O -phacoemulsification O -under O -sub O -- O -Tenon O -' O -s O -local O -infiltration O -of O -3 O -mL O -of O -plain O -lignocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -end O -of O -the O -procedure O -, O -Group O -A O -( O -n O -= O -20 O -) O -had O -20 O -mg O -/ O -0 O -. O -5 O -mL O -of O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -and O -10 O -mg O -/ O -0 O -. O -5 O -mL O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -injected O -into O -the O -posterior O -sub O -- O -Tenon O -' O -s O -space O -and O -Group O -B O -( O -n O -= O -20 O -) O -had O -the O -same O -combination O -injected O -into O -the O -anterior O -sub O -- O -Tenon O -' O -s O -space O -. O - -aps B-category -Postoperatively O -, O -all O -patients O -were O -assessed O -for O -symptoms O -of O -nausea O -, O -vomiting O -, O -and O -headache O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -chi O -- O -square O -test O -was O -used O -to O -assess O -the O -statistical O -significance O -of O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Sixty O -percent O -in O -Group O -A O -developed O -postoperative O -emetic O -symptoms O -, O -headache O -, O -or O -both O -; O -1 O -patient O -in O -Group O -B O -developed O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -administration O -of O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -and O -gentamicin B-Chemical -in O -the O -posterior O -sub O -- O -Tenon O -' O -s O -space O -was O -related O -to O -a O -high O -incidence O -of O -side O -effects O -including O -nausea O -, O -vomiting O -, O -and O -headache O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -adverse O -effects O -were O -self O -- O -limiting O -. O - -aps B-category -Assessment O -of O -a O -new O -non O -- O -invasive O -index O -of O -cardiac O -performance O -for O -detection O -of O -dobutamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -ischemia O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Electrocardiography O -has O -a O -very O -low O -sensitivity O -in O -detecting O -dobutamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -ischemia O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -To O -assess O -the O -added O -diagnostic O -value O -of O -a O -new O -cardiac O -performance O -index O -( O -dP O -/ O -dtejc O -) O -measurement O -, O -based O -on O -brachial O -artery O -flow O -changes O -, O -as O -compared O -to O -standard O -12 O -- O -lead O -ECG O -, O -for O -detecting O -dobutamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -ischemia O -, O -using O -Tc99m B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Sestamibi I-Chemical -single O -- O -photon O -emission O -computed O -tomography O -as O -the O -gold O -standard O -of O -comparison O -to O -assess O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -ischemia O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -The O -study O -group O -comprised O -40 O -patients O -undergoing O -Sestamibi B-Chemical -- O -SPECT O -/ O -dobutamine B-Chemical -stress O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneous O -measurements O -of O -ECG O -and O -brachial O -artery O -dP O -/ O -dtejc O -were O -performed O -at O -each O -dobutamine B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -19 O -of O -the O -40 O -patients O -perfusion O -defects O -compatible O -with O -ischemia O -were O -detected O -on O -SPECT O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -dP O -/ O -dtejc O -during O -infusion O -of O -dobutamine B-Chemical -in O -this O -group O -was O -severely O -impaired O -as O -compared O -to O -the O -non O -- O -ischemic O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -dP O -/ O -dtejc O -outcome O -was O -combined O -with O -the O -ECG O -results O -, O -giving O -an O -ECG O -- O -enhanced O -value O -, O -and O -compared O -to O -ECG O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -sensitivity O -improved O -dramatically O -from O -16 O -% O -to O -79 O -% O -, O -positive O -predictive O -value O -increased O -from O -60 O -% O -to O -68 O -% O -and O -negative O -predictive O -value O -from O -54 O -% O -to O -78 O -% O -, O -and O -specificity O -decreased O -from O -90 O -% O -to O -67 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -If O -ECG O -alone O -is O -used O -for O -specificity O -, O -the O -combination O -with O -dP O -/ O -dtejc O -improved O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -test O -and O -could O -be O -a O -cost O -- O -savings O -alternative O -to O -cardiac O -imaging O -or O -perfusion O -studies O -to O -detect O -myocardial O -ischemia O -, O -especially O -in O -patients O -unable O -to O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -infarction O -: O -clinical O -observations O -and O -pathogenetic O -considerations O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -and O -experimental O -data O -published O -to O -date O -suggest O -several O -possible O -mechanisms O -by O -which O -cocaine B-Chemical -may O -result O -in O -acute O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -individuals O -with O -preexisting O -, O -high O -- O -grade O -coronary O -arterial O -narrowing O -, O -acute O -myocardial O -infarction O -may O -result O -from O -an O -increase O -in O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -demand O -associated O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -increase O -in O -rate O -- O -pressure O -product O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -other O -individuals O -with O -no O -underlying O -atherosclerotic O -obstruction O -, O -coronary O -occlusion O -may O -be O -due O -to O -spasm O -, O -thrombus O -, O -or O -both O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -regard O -to O -spasm O -, O -the O -clinical O -findings O -are O -largely O -circumstantial O -, O -and O -the O -locus O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -vasoconstriction O -remains O -speculative O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -certain O -clinical O -and O -experimental O -findings O -support O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -spasm O -involves O -the O -epicardial O -, O -medium O -- O -size O -vessels O -, O -other O -data O -suggest O -intramural O -vasoconstriction O -. O - -aps B-category -Diffuse O -intramural O -vasoconstriction O -is O -not O -consistent O -with O -reports O -of O -segmental O -, O -discrete O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -certain O -in O -vivo O -data O -suggest O -that O -these O -effects O -are O -alpha O -- O -mediated O -, O -other O -in O -vitro O -data O -suggest O -the O -opposite O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -finding O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -vasoconstriction O -in O -segments O -of O -( O -noninnervated O -) O -human O -umbilical O -artery O -suggests O -that O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -intact O -innervation O -is O -not O -sufficient O -to O -explain O -the O -discrepant O -data O -involving O -the O -possibility O -of O -alpha O -- O -mediated O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -the O -contribution O -of O -a O -primary O -, O -thrombotic O -effect O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -has O -not O -been O -excluded O -. O - -aps B-category -Proteomic O -analysis O -of O -striatal O -proteins O -in O -the O -rat O -model O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesia O -( O -LID O -) O -is O -among O -the O -motor O -complications O -that O -arise O -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -( O -PD O -) O -patients O -after O -a O -prolonged O -treatment O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -To O -this O -day O -, O -transcriptome O -analysis O -has O -been O -performed O -in O -a O -rat O -model O -of O -LID O -[ O -Neurobiol O -. O -Dis O -. O -, O -17 O -( O -2004 O -) O -, O -219 O -] O -but O -information O -regarding O -the O -proteome O -is O -still O -lacking O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -we O -investigated O -the O -changes O -occurring O -at O -the O -protein O -level O -in O -striatal O -samples O -obtained O -from O -the O -unilaterally O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -- O -lesion O -rat O -model O -of O -PD O -treated O -with O -saline O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -or O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -using O -two O -- O -dimensional O -difference O -gel O -electrophoresis O -and O -mass O -spectrometry O -( O -MS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -treated O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -were O -allocated O -to O -two O -groups O -based O -on O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -LID O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -2000 O -spots O -compared O -for O -statistical O -difference O -, O -67 O -spots O -were O -significantly O -changed O -in O -abundance O -and O -identified O -using O -matrix O -- O -assisted O -laser O -desorption O -/ O -ionization O -time O -- O -of O -- O -flight O -MS O -, O -atmospheric O -pressure O -matrix O -- O -assisted O -laser O -desorption O -/ O -ionization O -and O -HPLC O -coupled O -tandem O -MS O -( O -LC O -/ O -MS O -/ O -MS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Out O -of O -these O -67 O -proteins O -, O -LID O -significantly O -changed O -the O -expression O -level O -of O -five O -proteins O -: O -alphabeta O -- O -crystalin O -, O -gamma O -- O -enolase O -, O -guanidoacetate O -methyltransferase O -, O -vinculin O -, O -and O -proteasome O -alpha O -- O -2 O -subunit O -. O - -aps B-category -Complementary O -techniques O -such O -as O -western O -immunoblotting O -and O -immunohistochemistry O -were O -performed O -to O -investigate O -the O -validity O -of O -the O -data O -obtained O -using O -the O -proteomic O -approach O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -this O -study O -provides O -new O -insights O -into O -the O -protein O -changes O -occurring O -in O -LID O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -Angiography O -in O -Renally O -Impaired O -Patients O -( O -CARE O -) O -study O -: O -a O -randomized O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -of O -contrast O -- O -induced O -nephropathy O -in O -patients O -with O -chronic O -kidney O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -No O -direct O -comparisons O -exist O -of O -the O -renal O -tolerability O -of O -the O -low O -- O -osmolality O -contrast B-Chemical -medium I-Chemical -iopamidol B-Chemical -with O -that O -of O -the O -iso O -- O -osmolality O -contrast B-Chemical -medium I-Chemical -iodixanol B-Chemical -in O -high O -- O -risk O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -AND O -RESULTS O -: O -The O -present O -study O -is O -a O -multicenter O -, O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -comparison O -of O -iopamidol B-Chemical -and O -iodixanol B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -chronic O -kidney O -disease O -( O -estimated O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -, O -20 O -to O -59 O -mL O -/ O -min O -) O -who O -underwent O -cardiac O -angiography O -or O -percutaneous O -coronary O -interventions O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -( O -SCr O -) O -levels O -and O -estimated O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -were O -assessed O -at O -baseline O -and O -2 O -to O -5 O -days O -after O -receiving O -medications O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -primary O -outcome O -was O -a O -postdose O -SCr O -increase O -> O -or O -= O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -( O -44 O -. O -2 O -micromol O -/ O -L O -) O -over O -baseline O -. O - -aps B-category -Secondary O -outcomes O -were O -a O -postdose O -SCr O -increase O -> O -or O -= O -25 O -% O -, O -a O -postdose O -estimated O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -decrease O -of O -> O -or O -= O -25 O -% O -, O -and O -the O -mean O -peak O -change O -in O -SCr O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -414 O -patients O -, O -contrast O -volume O -, O -presence O -of O -diabetes O -mellitus O -, O -use O -of O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylcysteine I-Chemical -, O -mean O -baseline O -SCr O -, O -and O -estimated O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -were O -comparable O -in O -the O -2 O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -SCr O -increases O -> O -or O -= O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -occurred O -in O -4 O -. O -4 O -% O -( O -9 O -of O -204 O -patients O -) O -after O -iopamidol B-Chemical -and O -6 O -. O -7 O -% O -( O -14 O -of O -210 O -patients O -) O -after O -iodixanol B-Chemical -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -39 O -) O -, O -whereas O -rates O -of O -SCr O -increases O -> O -or O -= O -25 O -% O -were O -9 O -. O -8 O -% O -and O -12 O -. O -4 O -% O -, O -respectively O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -44 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -with O -diabetes O -, O -SCr O -increases O -> O -or O -= O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -were O -5 O -. O -1 O -% O -( O -4 O -of O -78 O -patients O -) O -with O -iopamidol B-Chemical -and O -13 O -. O -0 O -% O -( O -12 O -of O -92 O -patients O -) O -with O -iodixanol B-Chemical -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -11 O -) O -, O -whereas O -SCr O -increases O -> O -or O -= O -25 O -% O -were O -10 O -. O -3 O -% O -and O -15 O -. O -2 O -% O -, O -respectively O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -37 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -post O -- O -SCr O -increases O -were O -significantly O -less O -with O -iopamidol B-Chemical -( O -all O -patients O -: O -0 O -. O -07 O -versus O -0 O -. O -12 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -, O -6 O -. O -2 O -versus O -10 O -. O -6 O -micromol O -/ O -L O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -03 O -; O -patients O -with O -diabetes O -: O -0 O -. O -07 O -versus O -0 O -. O -16 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -, O -6 O -. O -2 O -versus O -14 O -. O -1 O -micromol O -/ O -L O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -rate O -of O -contrast O -- O -induced O -nephropathy O -, O -defined O -by O -multiple O -end O -points O -, O -is O -not O -statistically O -different O -after O -the O -intraarterial O -administration O -of O -iopamidol B-Chemical -or O -iodixanol B-Chemical -to O -high O -- O -risk O -patients O -, O -with O -or O -without O -diabetes O -mellitus O -. O - -aps B-category -Any O -true O -difference O -between O -the O -agents O -is O -small O -and O -not O -likely O -to O -be O -clinically O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -novel O -compound O -, O -maltolyl B-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -coumarate I-Chemical -, O -attenuates O -cognitive O -deficits O -and O -shows O -neuroprotective O -effects O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -dementia O -models O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -develop O -a O -novel O -and O -effective O -drug O -that O -could O -enhance O -cognitive O -function O -and O -neuroprotection O -, O -we O -newly O -synthesized O -maltolyl B-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -coumarate I-Chemical -by O -the O -esterification O -of O -maltol B-Chemical -and O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -coumaric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -we O -investigated O -whether O -maltolyl B-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -coumarate I-Chemical -could O -improve O -cognitive O -decline O -in O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -injected O -rats O -and O -in O -amyloid B-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -peptide I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -42 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- O -infused O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Maltolyl B-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -coumarate I-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -attenuate O -cognitive O -deficits O -in O -both O -rat O -models O -using O -passive O -avoidance O -test O -and O -to O -reduce O -apoptotic O -cell O -death O -observed O -in O -the O -hippocampus O -of O -the O -amyloid B-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -peptide I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -42 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- O -infused O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -also O -examined O -the O -neuroprotective O -effects O -of O -maltolyl B-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -coumarate I-Chemical -in O -vitro O -using O -SH O -- O -SY5Y O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -were O -pretreated O -with O -maltolyl B-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -coumarate I-Chemical -, O -before O -exposed O -to O -amyloid B-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -peptide I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -42 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -or O -H2O2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -that O -maltolyl B-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -coumarate I-Chemical -significantly O -decreased O -apoptotic O -cell O -death O -and O -reduced O -reactive O -oxygen O -species O -, O -cytochrome O -c O -release O -, O -and O -caspase O -3 O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -Taking O -these O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -results O -together O -, O -our O -study O -suggests O -that O -maltolyl B-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -coumarate I-Chemical -is O -a O -potentially O -effective O -candidate O -against O -Alzheimer O -' O -s O -disease O -that O -is O -characterized O -by O -wide O -spread O -neuronal O -death O -and O -progressive O -decline O -of O -cognitive O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Attenuation O -of O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nigrostriatal O -dopaminergic O -neurotoxicity O -in O -mice O -by O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -pretreatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunological O -activation O -has O -been O -proposed O -to O -play O -a O -role O -in O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dopaminergic O -terminal O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -we O -examined O -the O -roles O -of O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -, O -a O -pro O -- O -inflammatory O -and O -inflammatory O -factor O -, O -treatment O -in O -modulating O -the O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nigrostriatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -neurotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -pretreatment O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -basal O -body O -temperature O -or O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- O -elicited O -hyperthermia O -three O -days O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -systemic O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -treatment O -mitigated O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -3 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxyphenylacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -depletions O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -the O -most O -potent O -dose O -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -of O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -was O -administered O -two O -weeks O -, O -one O -day O -before O -or O -after O -the O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -dosing O -regimen O -, O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -3 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxyphenylacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -depletions O -remained O -unaltered O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -systemic O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -pretreatment O -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -attenuated O -local O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -infusion O -- O -produced O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -3 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxyphenylacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -depletions O -in O -the O -striatum O -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -protective O -effect O -of O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -is O -less O -likely O -due O -to O -interrupted O -peripheral O -distribution O -or O -metabolism O -of O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -concluded O -a O -critical O -time O -window O -for O -systemic O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -pretreatment O -in O -exerting O -effective O -protection O -against O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nigrostriatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -neurotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -myocarditis O -associated O -with O -clozapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -A O -case O -of O -acute O -myocarditis O -associated O -with O -the O -commencement O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -is O -described O -, O -highlighting O -the O -onset O -, O -course O -and O -possible O -contributing O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -an O -urgent O -need O -to O -raise O -awareness O -about O -this O -potentially O -fatal O -complication O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -A O -20 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -male O -with O -schizophrenia O -developed O -a O -sudden O -onset O -of O -myocarditis O -after O -commencement O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -recovered O -with O -intensive O -medical O -support O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -symptoms O -occurred O -around O -2 O -weeks O -after O -starting O -clozapine B-Chemical -in O -an O -inpatient O -setting O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -contributing O -factors O -may O -have O -been O -concomitant O -antidepressant B-Chemical -use O -and O -unaccustomed O -physical O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Myocarditis O -is O -an O -increasingly O -recognized O -complication O -associated O -with O -the O -use O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -can O -be O -fatal O -if O -not O -recognized O -and O -treated O -early O -. O - -aps B-category -Considering O -that O -clozapine B-Chemical -remains O -the O -gold O -standard O -in O -treatment O -of O -resistant O -psychosis O -, O -there O -is O -an O -urgent O -need O -to O -raise O -awareness O -among O -medical O -and O -paramedical O -staff O -involved O -in O -the O -care O -of O -these O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -also O -implications O -for O -recommendations O -and O -regulations O -regarding O -the O -use O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -rhabdomyolysis O -and O -acute O -renal O -failure O -secondary O -to O -concomitant O -use O -of O -simvastatin B-Chemical -, O -amiodarone B-Chemical -, O -and O -atazanavir B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -report O -a O -case O -of O -a O -severe O -interaction O -between O -simvastatin B-Chemical -, O -amiodarone B-Chemical -, O -and O -atazanavir B-Chemical -resulting O -in O -rhabdomyolysis O -and O -acute O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -A O -72 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -white O -man O -with O -underlying O -human O -immunodeficiency O -virus O -, O -atrial O -fibrillation O -, O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -, O -and O -hyperlipidemia O -presented O -with O -generalized O -pain O -, O -fatigue O -, O -and O -dark O -orange O -urine O -for O -3 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -was O -taking O -80 O -mg O -simvastatin B-Chemical -at O -bedtime O -( O -initiated O -27 O -days O -earlier O -) O -; O -amiodarone B-Chemical -at O -a O -dose O -of O -400 O -mg O -daily O -for O -7 O -days O -, O -then O -200 O -mg O -daily O -( O -initiated O -19 O -days O -earlier O -) O -; O -and O -400 O -mg O -atazanavir B-Chemical -daily O -( O -initiated O -at O -least O -2 O -years O -previously O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Laboratory O -evaluation O -revealed O -66 O -, O -680 O -U O -/ O -L O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -, O -93 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -blood B-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -, O -4 O -. O -6 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -creatinine B-Chemical -, O -1579 O -U O -/ O -L O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -and O -738 O -U O -/ O -L O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -Simvastatin B-Chemical -, O -amiodarone B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -human O -immunodeficiency O -virus O -medications O -were O -all O -temporarily O -discontinued O -and O -the O -patient O -was O -given O -forced O -alkaline O -diuresis O -and O -started O -on O -dialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Nine O -days O -later O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -had O -dropped O -to O -1695 O -U O -/ O -L O -and O -creatinine B-Chemical -was O -3 O -. O -3 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -was O -discharged O -and O -continued O -outpatient O -dialysis O -for O -1 O -month O -until O -his O -renal O -function O -recovered O -. O - -aps B-category -DISCUSSION O -: O -The O -risk O -of O -rhabdomyolysis O -is O -increased O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -concomitant O -drugs O -that O -inhibit O -simvastatin B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Simvastatin B-Chemical -is O -metabolized O -by O -CYP3A4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Amiodarone B-Chemical -and O -atazanavir B-Chemical -are O -recognized O -CYP3A4 O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Pharmacokinetic O -differences O -in O -statins B-Chemical -are O -an O -important O -consideration O -for O -assessing O -the O -risk O -of O -potential O -drug O -interactions O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -requiring O -the O -concurrent O -use O -of O -statins B-Chemical -and O -CYP3A4 O -inhibitors O -, O -pravastatin B-Chemical -, O -fluvastatin B-Chemical -, O -and O -rosuvastatin B-Chemical -carry O -the O -lowest O -risk O -of O -drug O -interactions O -; O -atorvastatin B-Chemical -carries O -moderate O -risk O -, O -whereas O -simvastatin B-Chemical -and O -lovastatin B-Chemical -have O -the O -highest O -risk O -and O -should O -be O -avoided O -in O -patients O -taking O -concomitant O -CYP3A4 O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -between O -warfarin B-Chemical -and O -levofloxacin B-Chemical -: O -case O -series O -. O - -aps B-category -Warfarin B-Chemical -is O -the O -most O -widely O -used O -oral O -anticoagulant O -and O -is O -indicated O -for O -many O -clinical O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Levofloxacin B-Chemical -, O -a O -fluoroquinolone B-Chemical -, O -is O -one O -of O -the O -most O -commonly O -prescribed O -antibiotics O -in O -clinical O -practice O -and O -is O -effective O -against O -Gram O -- O -positive O -, O -Gram O -- O -negative O -, O -and O -atypical O -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -small O -prospective O -studies O -have O -not O -revealed O -any O -significant O -drug O -- O -drug O -interaction O -between O -warfarin B-Chemical -and O -levofloxacin B-Chemical -, O -several O -case O -reports O -have O -indicated O -that O -levofloxacin B-Chemical -may O -significantly O -potentiate O -the O -anticoagulation O -effect O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -3 O -cases O -of O -serious O -bleeding O -complications O -that O -appear O -to O -be O -the O -result O -of O -the O -interaction O -between O -warfarin B-Chemical -and O -levofloxacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Physicians O -should O -be O -aware O -of O -this O -potential O -interaction O -and O -use O -caution O -when O -prescribing O -levofloxacin B-Chemical -to O -patients O -taking O -warfarin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Mutations O -associated O -with O -lamivudine B-Chemical -- O -resistance O -in O -therapy O -- O -na B-Chemical -ve O -hepatitis O -B O -virus O -( O -HBV O -) O -infected O -patients O -with O -and O -without O -HIV O -co O -- O -infection O -: O -implications O -for O -antiretroviral O -therapy O -in O -HBV O -and O -HIV O -co O -- O -infected O -South O -African O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -an O -exploratory O -study O -to O -investigate O -lamivudine B-Chemical -- O -resistant O -hepatitis O -B O -virus O -( O -HBV O -) O -strains O -in O -selected O -lamivudine B-Chemical -- O -na B-Chemical -ve O -HBV O -carriers O -with O -and O -without O -human O -immunodeficiency O -virus O -( O -HIV O -) O -co O -- O -infection O -in O -South O -African O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -five O -lamivudine B-Chemical -- O -na B-Chemical -ve O -HBV O -infected O -patients O -with O -or O -without O -HIV O -co O -- O -infection O -were O -studied O -: O -15 O -chronic O -HBV O -mono O -- O -infected O -patients O -and O -20 O -HBV O -- O -HIV O -co O -- O -infected O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -latter O -group O -was O -further O -sub O -- O -divided O -into O -13 O -occult O -HBV O -( O -HBsAg B-Chemical -- O -negative O -) O -and O -7 O -overt O -HBV O -( O -HBsAg B-Chemical -- O -positive O -) O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -HBsAg B-Chemical -, O -anti O -- O -HBs O -, O -anti O -- O -HBc O -, O -and O -anti O -- O -HIV O -1 O -/ O -2 O -were O -determined O -as O -part O -of O -routine O -diagnosis O -using O -Axsym O -assays O -( O -Abbott O -Laboratories O -, O -North O -Chicago O -, O -IL O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -samples O -were O -PCR O -amplified O -with O -HBV O -reverse O -transcriptase O -( O -RT O -) O -primers O -, O -followed O -by O -direct O -sequencing O -across O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- O -methionine B-Chemical -- O -aspartate B-Chemical -- O -aspartate B-Chemical -( O -YMDD O -) O -motif O -of O -the O -major O -catalytic O -region O -in O -the O -C O -domain O -of O -the O -HBV O -RT O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -HBV O -viral O -load O -was O -performed O -with O -Amplicor O -HBV O -Monitor O -test O -v2 O -. O -0 O -( O -Roche O -Diagnostics O -, O -Penzberg O -, O -Germany O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -HBV O -lamivudine B-Chemical -- O -resistant O -strains O -were O -detected O -in O -3 O -of O -15 O -mono O -- O -infected O -chronic O -hepatitis O -B O -patients O -and O -10 O -of O -20 O -HBV O -- O -HIV O -co O -- O -infected O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -the O -best O -of O -our O -knowledge O -, O -this O -constitutes O -the O -first O -report O -of O -HBV O -lamivudine B-Chemical -- O -resistant O -strains O -in O -therapy O -- O -na B-Chemical -ve O -HBV O -- O -HIV O -co O -- O -infected O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -HBV O -viral O -loads O -for O -mono O -- O -infected O -and O -co O -- O -infected O -patients O -ranged O -from O -3 O -. O -32 O -x O -10 O -( O -2 O -) O -to O -3 O -. O -82 O -x O -10 O -( O -7 O -) O -and O -< O -200 O -to O -4 O -. O -40 O -x O -10 O -( O -3 O -) O -copies O -/ O -ml O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -remains O -to O -be O -seen O -whether O -such O -pre O -- O -existing O -antiviral O -mutations O -could O -result O -in O -widespread O -emergence O -of O -HBV O -resistant O -strains O -when O -lamivudine B-Chemical -- O -containing O -highly O -active O -antiretroviral O -( O -ARV O -) O -treatment O -( O -HAART O -) O -regimens O -become O -widely O -applied O -in O -South O -Africa O -, O -as O -this O -is O -likely O -to O -have O -potential O -implications O -in O -the O -management O -of O -HBV O -- O -HIV O -co O -- O -infected O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Rabbit O -syndrome O -, O -antidepressant B-Chemical -use O -, O -and O -cerebral O -perfusion O -SPECT O -scan O -findings O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rabbit O -syndrome O -is O -an O -extrapyramidal O -side O -effect O -associated O -with O -chronic O -neuroleptic O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -occurrence O -in O -a O -patient O -being O -treated O -with O -imipramine B-Chemical -is O -described O -, O -representing O -the O -first O -reported O -case O -of O -this O -syndrome O -in O -conjunction O -with O -antidepressants B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Repeated O -cerebral O -perfusion O -SPECT O -scans O -revealed O -decreased O -basal O -ganglia O -perfusion O -while O -the O -movement O -disorder O -was O -present O -, O -and O -a O -return O -to O -normal O -perfusion O -when O -the O -rabbit O -syndrome O -resolved O -. O - -aps B-category -Estrogen O -prevents O -cholesteryl B-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -accumulation O -in O -macrophages O -induced O -by O -the O -HIV O -protease O -inhibitor O -ritonavir B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Individuals O -with O -HIV O -can O -now O -live O -long O -lives O -with O -drug O -therapy O -that O -often O -includes O -protease O -inhibitors O -such O -as O -ritonavir B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Many O -patients O -, O -however O -, O -develop O -negative O -long O -- O -term O -side O -effects O -such O -as O -premature O -atherosclerosis O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -previously O -demonstrated O -that O -ritonavir B-Chemical -treatment O -increases O -atherosclerotic O -lesion O -formation O -in O -male O -mice O -to O -a O -greater O -extent O -than O -in O -female O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -peripheral O -blood O -monocytes O -isolated O -from O -ritonavir B-Chemical -- O -treated O -females O -had O -less O -cholesteryl B-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -accumulation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -we O -have O -investigated O -the O -molecular O -mechanisms O -by O -which O -female O -hormones O -influence O -cholesterol B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -macrophages O -in O -response O -to O -the O -HIV O -protease O -inhibitor O -ritonavir B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -utilized O -the O -human O -monocyte O -cell O -line O -, O -THP O -- O -1 O -as O -a O -model O -to O -address O -this O -question O -. O - -aps B-category -Briefly O -, O -cells O -were O -differentiated O -for O -72 O -h O -with O -100 O -nM O -PMA O -to O -obtain O -a O -macrophage O -- O -like O -phenotype O -in O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -1 O -nM O -17beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -( O -E2 B-Chemical -) O -, O -100 O -nM O -progesterone B-Chemical -or O -vehicle O -( O -0 O -. O -01 O -% O -ethanol B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -were O -then O -treated O -with O -30 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -ritonavir B-Chemical -or O -vehicle O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -aggregated O -LDL O -for O -24 O -h O -. O - -aps B-category -Cell O -extracts O -were O -harvested O -, O -and O -lipid O -or O -total O -RNA O -was O -isolated O -. O - -aps B-category -E2 B-Chemical -decreased O -the O -accumulation O -of O -cholesteryl B-Chemical -esters I-Chemical -in O -macrophages O -following O -ritonavir B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Ritonavir B-Chemical -increased O -the O -expression O -of O -the O -scavenger O -receptor O -, O -CD36 O -mRNA O -, O -responsible O -for O -the O -uptake O -of O -LDL O -. O - -aps B-category -Additionally O -, O -ritonavir B-Chemical -treatment O -selectively O -increased O -the O -relative O -levels O -of O -PPARgamma O -mRNA O -, O -a O -transcription O -factor O -responsible O -for O -the O -regulation O -of O -CD36 O -mRNA O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -E2 B-Chemical -, O -however O -, O -failed O -to O -prevent O -these O -increases O -at O -the O -mRNA O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -E2 B-Chemical -did O -, O -however O -, O -significantly O -suppress O -CD36 O -protein O -levels O -as O -measured O -by O -fluorescent O -immunocytochemistry O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -data O -suggests O -that O -E2 B-Chemical -modifies O -the O -expression O -of O -CD36 O -at O -the O -level O -of O -protein O -expression O -in O -monocyte O -- O -derived O -macrophages O -resulting O -in O -reduced O -cholesteryl B-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -accumulation O -following O -ritonavir B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -hepatitis O -attack O -after O -exposure O -to O -telithromycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -INTRODUCTION O -: O -Antibiotic O -- O -associated O -hepatotoxicity O -is O -rare O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -widespread O -use O -of O -antimicrobial O -agents O -, O -however O -, O -hepatic O -injury O -occurs O -frequently O -, O -and O -among O -adverse O -drug O -reactions O -, O -idiosyncratic O -reactions O -are O -the O -most O -serious O -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -SUMMARY O -: O -A O -25 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -male O -patient O -, O -with O -a O -height O -of O -175 O -cm O -and O -weight O -of O -72 O -kg O -presented O -to O -Marmara O -University O -Hospital O -Emergency O -Department O -, O -Istanbul O -, O -Turkey O -, O -with O -5 O -days O -' O -history O -of O -jaundice O -, O -malaise O -, O -nausea O -, O -and O -vomiting O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -had O -been O -prescribed O -telithromycin B-Chemical -400 O -mg O -/ O -d O -PO O -to O -treat O -an O -upper O -respiratory O -tract O -infection O -7 O -days O -prior O -. O - -aps B-category -Admission O -laboratory O -tests O -were O -as O -follows O -: O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -67 O -U O -/ O -L O -( O -reference O -range O -, O -10 O -- O -37 O -U O -/ O -L O -) O -; O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -98 O -U O -/ O -L O -( O -10 O -- O -40 O -U O -/ O -L O -) O -; O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -513 O -U O -/ O -L O -( O -0 O -- O -270 O -U O -/ O -L O -) O -; O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -, O -32 O -U O -/ O -L O -( O -7 O -- O -49 O -U O -/ O -L O -) O -; O -amylase O -, O -46 O -U O -/ O -L O -( O -0 O -- O -220 O -U O -/ O -L O -) O -; O -total O -bilirubin B-Chemical -, O -20 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -) O -; O -direct O -bilirubin B-Chemical -, O -14 O -. O -8 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -( O -0 O -- O -0 O -. O -3 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -) O -; O -and O -albumin O -, O -4 O -. O -7 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -( O -3 O -. O -5 O -- O -5 O -. O -4 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -toxin O -, O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -or O -other O -drugs O -were O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -had O -suffered O -a O -previous O -episode O -of O -" O -acute O -hepatitis O -of O -unknown O -origin O -, O -" O -that O -occurred O -after O -telithromycin B-Chemical -usage O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -incidents O -occurred O -within O -a O -year O -. O - -aps B-category -DISCUSSION O -: O -Telithromycin B-Chemical -is O -the O -first O -of O -the O -ketolide O -antibacterials O -to O -receive O -US O -Food O -and O -Drug O -Administration O -approval O -for O -clinical O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -associated O -with O -infrequent O -and O -usually O -reversible O -severe O -hepatic O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -a O -score O -of O -8 O -on O -the O -Naranjo O -adverse O -drug O -reaction O -probability O -scale O -, O -telithromycin B-Chemical -was O -the O -probable O -cause O -of O -acute O -hepatitis O -in O -this O -patient O -, O -and O -pathological O -findings O -suggested O -drug O -- O -induced O -toxic O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Recurrence O -of O -hepatitis O -attack O -might O -have O -been O -avoided O -if O -the O -initial O -incident O -had O -been O -communicated O -to O -the O -attending O -physician O -who O -prescribed O -telithromycin B-Chemical -the O -second O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Here O -we O -report O -a O -case O -of O -acute O -hepatitis O -probably O -associated O -with O -the O -administration O -of O -telithromycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -on O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -duration O -of O -subcutaneous O -heparin B-Chemical -injection O -on O -bruising O -and O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -AIM O -: O -This O -study O -was O -carried O -out O -to O -determine O -the O -effect O -of O -injection O -duration O -on O -bruising O -and O -pain O -following O -the O -administration O -of O -the O -subcutaneous O -injection O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Although O -different O -methods O -to O -prevent O -bruising O -and O -pain O -following O -the O -subcutaneous O -injection O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -have O -been O -widely O -studied O -and O -described O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -injection O -duration O -on O -the O -occurrence O -of O -bruising O -and O -pain O -is O -little O -documented O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -This O -study O -was O -designed O -as O -within O -- O -subject O -, O -quasi O -- O -experimental O -research O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -The O -sample O -for O -the O -study O -consisted O -of O -50 O -patients O -to O -whom O -subcutaneous O -heparin B-Chemical -was O -administered O -. O - -aps B-category -Heparin B-Chemical -was O -injected O -over O -10 O -seconds O -on O -the O -right O -abdominal O -site O -and O -30 O -seconds O -on O -the O -left O -abdominal O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Injections O -areas O -were O -assessed O -for O -the O -presence O -of O -bruising O -at O -48 O -and O -72 O -hours O -after O -each O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Dimensions O -of O -the O -bruising O -on O -the O -heparin B-Chemical -applied O -areas O -were O -measured O -using O -transparent O -millimetric O -measuring O -paper O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -visual O -analog O -scale O -( O -VAS O -) O -was O -used O -to O -measure O -pain O -intensity O -and O -a O -stop O -- O -watch O -was O -used O -to O -time O -the O -pain O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -were O -analysed O -using O -chi O -- O -square O -test O -, O -Mann O -- O -Whitney O -U O -, O -Wilcoxon O -signed O -ranks O -tests O -and O -correlation O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -percentage O -of O -bruising O -occurrence O -was O -64 O -% O -with O -the O -injection O -of O -10 O -seconds O -duration O -and O -42 O -% O -in O -the O -30 O -- O -second O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -determined O -that O -the O -size O -of O -the O -bruising O -was O -smaller O -in O -the O -30 O -- O -second O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Pain O -intensity O -and O -pain O -period O -were O -statistically O -significantly O -lower O -for O -the O -30 O -- O -second O -injection O -than O -for O -the O -10 O -- O -second O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -It O -was O -determined O -that O -injection O -duration O -had O -an O -effect O -on O -bruising O -and O -pain O -following O -the O -subcutaneous O -administration O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -should O -be O -repeated O -on O -a O -larger O -sample O -. O - -aps B-category -RELEVANCE O -TO O -CLINICAL O -PRACTICE O -: O -When O -administering O -subcutaneous O -heparin B-Chemical -injections O -, O -it O -is O -important O -to O -extend O -the O -duration O -of O -the O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -liver O -failure O -in O -two O -patients O -with O -regular O -alcohol B-Chemical -consumption O -ingesting O -paracetamol B-Chemical -at O -therapeutic O -dosage O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -The O -possible O -role O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -in O -the O -development O -of O -hepatotoxicity O -associated O -with O -therapeutic O -doses O -of O -paracetamol B-Chemical -( O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -) O -is O -currently O -debated O -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -REPORT O -: O -We O -describe O -2 O -patients O -who O -were O -regular O -consumers O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -and O -who O -developed O -liver O -failure O -within O -3 O -- O -5 O -days O -after O -hospitalization O -and O -stopping O -alcohol B-Chemical -consumption O -while O -being O -treated O -with O -4 O -g O -paracetamol B-Chemical -/ O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -paracetamol B-Chemical -serum O -level O -obtained O -in O -one O -of O -these O -patients O -was O -not O -in O -the O -toxic O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -risk O -factors O -for O -the O -development O -of O -hepatotoxicity O -in O -patients O -treated O -with O -therapeutic O -doses O -of O -paracetamol B-Chemical -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -In O -patients O -with O -risk O -factors O -, O -e O -. O -g O -. O -regular O -consumption O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -liver O -failure O -is O -possible O -when O -therapeutic O -doses O -are O -ingested O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -propose O -that O -the O -paracetamol B-Chemical -dose O -should O -not O -exceed O -2 O -g O -/ O -day O -in O -such O -patients O -and O -that O -their O -liver O -function O -should O -be O -monitored O -closely O -while O -being O -treated O -with O -paracetamol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Associations O -between O -use O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -or O -related O -drugs O -and O -health O -, O -physical O -abilities O -and O -cognitive O -function O -: O -a O -non O -- O -randomised O -clinical O -study O -in O -the O -elderly O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -describe O -associations O -between O -the O -use O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -or O -related O -drugs O -( O -BZDs B-Chemical -/ O -RDs O -) O -and O -health O -, O -functional O -abilities O -and O -cognitive O -function O -in O -the O -elderly O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -A O -non O -- O -randomised O -clinical O -study O -of O -patients O -aged O -> O -or O -= O -65 O -years O -admitted O -to O -acute O -hospital O -wards O -during O -1 O -month O -. O - -aps B-category -164 O -patients O -( O -mean O -age O -+ O -/ O -- O -standard O -deviation O -[ O -SD O -] O -81 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -. O -8 O -years O -) O -were O -admitted O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -these O -, O -nearly O -half O -( O -n O -= O -78 O -) O -had O -used O -BZDs B-Chemical -/ O -RDs O -before O -admission O -, O -and O -the O -remainder O -( O -n O -= O -86 O -) O -were O -non O -- O -users O -. O - -aps B-category -Cognitive O -ability O -was O -assessed O -by O -the O -Mini O -- O -Mental O -State O -Examination O -( O -MMSE O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -scoring O -> O -or O -= O -20 O -MMSE O -sum O -points O -were O -interviewed O -( O -n O -= O -79 O -) O -and O -questioned O -regarding O -symptoms O -and O -functional O -abilities O -during O -the O -week O -prior O -to O -admission O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -on O -use O -of O -BZDs B-Chemical -/ O -RDs O -before O -admission O -, O -current O -medications O -and O -discharge O -diagnoses O -were O -collected O -from O -medical O -records O -. O - -aps B-category -Health O -, O -physical O -abilities O -and O -cognitive O -function O -were O -compared O -between O -BZD O -/ O -RD O -users O -and O -non O -- O -users O -, O -and O -adjustments O -were O -made O -for O -confounding O -variables O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -residual O -serum O -concentrations O -of O -oxazepam B-Chemical -, O -temazepam B-Chemical -and O -zopiclone B-Chemical -were O -analysed O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -duration O -of O -BZD O -/ O -RD O -use O -was O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -years O -( O -range O -1 O -- O -31 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -or O -three O -BZDs B-Chemical -/ O -RDs O -were O -concomitantly O -taken O -by O -26 O -% O -of O -users O -( O -n O -= O -20 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -use O -of O -these O -drugs O -was O -associated O -with O -female O -sex O -and O -use O -of O -a O -higher O -number O -of O -drugs O -with O -effects O -on O -the O -CNS O -, O -which O -tended O -to O -be O -related O -to O -diagnosed O -dementia O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -adjustment O -for O -these O -variables O -as O -confounders O -, O -use O -of O -BZDs B-Chemical -/ O -RDs O -was O -not O -associated O -with O -cognitive O -function O -as O -measured O -by O -the O -MMSE O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -use O -of O -BZDs B-Chemical -/ O -RDs O -was O -associated O -with O -dizziness O -, O -inability O -to O -sleep O -after O -awaking O -at O -night O -and O -tiredness O -in O -the O -mornings O -during O -the O -week O -prior O -to O -admission O -and O -with O -stronger O -depressive O -symptoms O -measured O -at O -the O -beginning O -of O -the O -hospital O -stay O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -BZDs B-Chemical -/ O -RDs O -tended O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -a O -reduced O -ability O -to O -walk O -and O -shorter O -night O -- O -time O -sleep O -during O -the O -week O -prior O -to O -admission O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -higher O -residual O -serum O -concentration O -of O -temazepam B-Chemical -correlated O -with O -a O -lower O -MMSE O -sum O -score O -after O -adjustment O -for O -confounding O -variables O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Long O -- O -term O -use O -and O -concomitant O -use O -of O -more O -than O -one O -BZD O -/ O -RD O -were O -common O -in O -elderly O -patients O -hospitalised O -because O -of O -acute O -illnesses O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -use O -was O -associated O -with O -daytime O -and O -night O -- O -time O -symptoms O -indicative O -of O -poorer O -health O -and O -potentially O -caused O -by O -the O -adverse O -effects O -of O -these O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -vocal O -fold O -palsy O -after O -acute O -disulfiram B-Chemical -intoxication O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -caused O -by O -a O -disulfiram B-Chemical -overdose O -is O -very O -rare O -and O -there O -is O -no O -report O -of O -it O -leading O -to O -vocal O -fold O -palsy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -49 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -was O -transferred O -to O -our O -department O -because O -of O -quadriparesis O -, O -lancinating O -pain O -, O -sensory O -loss O -, O -and O -paresthesia O -of O -the O -distal O -limbs O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -month O -previously O -, O -she O -had O -taken O -a O -single O -high O -dose O -of O -disulfiram B-Chemical -( O -130 O -tablets O -of O -ALCOHOL B-Chemical -STOP O -TAB O -, O -Shin O -- O -Poong O -Pharm O -. O -Co O -. O -, O -Ansan O -, O -Korea O -) O -in O -a O -suicide O -attempt O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -was O -not O -an O -alcoholic O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -the O -first O -few O -days O -after O -ingestion O -, O -she O -was O -in O -a O -confused O -state O -and O -had O -mild O -to O -moderate O -ataxia O -and O -giddiness O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -noticed O -hoarseness O -and O -distally O -accentuated O -motor O -and O -sensory O -dysfunction O -after O -she O -had O -recovered O -from O -this O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -nerve O -conduction O -study O -was O -consistent O -with O -severe O -sensorimotor O -axonal O -polyneuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Laryngeal O -electromyography O -( O -thyroarytenoid O -muscle O -) O -showed O -ample O -denervation O -potentials O -. O - -aps B-category -Laryngoscopy O -revealed O -asymmetric O -vocal O -fold O -movements O -during O -phonation O -. O - -aps B-category -Her O -vocal O -change O -and O -weakness O -began O -to O -improve O -spontaneously O -about O -3 O -weeks O -after O -transfer O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -a O -case O -of O -acute O -palsy O -of O -the O -recurrent O -laryngeal O -nerve O -and O -superimposed O -severe O -acute O -sensorimotor O -axonal O -polyneuropathy O -caused O -by O -high O -- O -dose O -disulfiram B-Chemical -intoxication O -. O - -aps B-category -Encephalopathy O -induced O -by O -levetiracetam B-Chemical -added O -to O -valproate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -We O -report O -on O -the O -manifestation O -of O -a O -levetiracetam B-Chemical -( O -LEV B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -encephalopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -FINDINGS O -: O -A O -28 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -suffering O -from O -idiopathic O -epilepsy O -with O -generalized O -seizures O -was O -treated O -with O -LEV B-Chemical -( O -3000 O -mg O -) O -added O -to O -valproate B-Chemical -( O -VPA B-Chemical -) O -( O -2000 O -mg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Frequency O -of O -generalized O -tonic O -- O -clonic O -seizures O -increased O -from O -one O -per O -6 O -months O -to O -two O -per O -month O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuropsychological O -testing O -showed O -impaired O -word O -fluency O -, O -psychomotor O -speed O -and O -working O -memory O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interictal O -electroencephalogram O -( O -EEG O -) O -showed O -a O -generalized O -slowing O -to O -5 O -per O -second O -theta O -rhythms O -with O -bilateral O -generalized O -high O -- O -amplitude O -discharges O -. O - -aps B-category -OUTCOME O -: O -Following O -discontinuation O -of O -LEV B-Chemical -, O -EEG O -and O -neuropsychological O -findings O -improved O -and O -seizure O -frequency O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -signaling O -through O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -is O -critical O -for O -expression O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -anxiety O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Cocaine B-Chemical -is O -a O -widely O -abused O -psychostimulant O -that O -has O -both O -rewarding O -and O -aversive O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -the O -mechanisms O -underlying O -cocaine B-Chemical -' O -s O -rewarding O -effects O -have O -been O -studied O -extensively O -, O -less O -attention O -has O -been O -paid O -to O -the O -unpleasant O -behavioral O -states O -induced O -by O -cocaine B-Chemical -, O -such O -as O -anxiety O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -In O -this O -study O -, O -we O -evaluated O -the O -performance O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -knockout O -( O -Dbh O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -, O -which O -lack O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE B-Chemical -) O -, O -in O -the O -elevated O -plus O -maze O -( O -EPM O -) O -to O -examine O -the O -contribution O -of O -noradrenergic O -signaling O -to O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -anxiety O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -We O -found O -that O -cocaine B-Chemical -dose O -- O -dependently O -increased O -anxiety O -- O -like O -behavior O -in O -control O -( O -Dbh O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -, O -as O -measured O -by O -a O -decrease O -in O -open O -arm O -exploration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Dbh O -- O -/ O -- O -mice O -had O -normal O -baseline O -performance O -in O -the O -EPM O -but O -were O -completely O -resistant O -to O -the O -anxiogenic O -effects O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -anxiety O -was O -also O -attenuated O -in O -Dbh O -+ O -/ O -- O -mice O -following O -administration O -of O -disulfiram B-Chemical -, O -a O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -( O -DBH O -) O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -experiments O -using O -specific O -adrenergic O -antagonists O -, O -we O -found O -that O -pretreatment O -with O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -antagonist O -propranolol B-Chemical -blocked O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -anxiety O -- O -like O -behavior O -in O -Dbh O -+ O -/ O -- O -and O -wild O -- O -type O -C57BL6 O -/ O -J O -mice O -, O -while O -the O -alpha O -( O -1 O -) O -antagonist O -prazosin B-Chemical -and O -the O -alpha O -( O -2 O -) O -antagonist O -yohimbine B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -noradrenergic O -signaling O -via O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -is O -required O -for O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -anxiety O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypothalamic O -prolactin O -receptor O -messenger O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -levels O -, O -prolactin O -signaling O -, O -and O -hyperprolactinemic O -inhibition O -of O -pulsatile O -luteinizing O -hormone O -secretion O -are O -dependent O -on O -estradiol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hyperprolactinemia O -can O -reduce O -fertility O -and O -libido O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -central O -prolactin O -actions O -are O -thought O -to O -contribute O -to O -this O -, O -the O -mechanisms O -are O -poorly O -understood O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -first O -tested O -whether O -chronic O -hyperprolactinemia O -inhibited O -two O -neuroendocrine O -parameters O -necessary O -for O -female O -fertility O -: O -pulsatile O -LH O -secretion O -and O -the O -estrogen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -LH O -surge O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -hyperprolactinemia O -induced O -by O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -antagonist O -sulpiride B-Chemical -caused O -a O -40 O -% O -reduction O -LH O -pulse O -frequency O -in O -ovariectomized O -rats O -, O -but O -only O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -chronic O -low O -levels O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Sulpiride B-Chemical -did O -not O -affect O -the O -magnitude O -of O -a O -steroid B-Chemical -- O -induced O -LH O -surge O -or O -the O -percentage O -of O -GnRH O -neurons O -activated O -during O -the O -surge O -. O - -aps B-category -Estradiol B-Chemical -is O -known O -to O -influence O -expression O -of O -the O -long O -form O -of O -prolactin O -receptors O -( O -PRL O -- O -R O -) O -and O -components O -of O -prolactin O -' O -s O -signaling O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -test O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -estrogen B-Chemical -increases O -PRL O -- O -R O -expression O -and O -sensitivity O -to O -prolactin O -, O -we O -next O -demonstrated O -that O -estradiol B-Chemical -greatly O -augments O -prolactin O -- O -induced O -STAT5 O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -Lastly O -, O -we O -measured O -PRL O -- O -R O -and O -suppressor O -of O -cytokine O -signaling O -( O -SOCS O -- O -1 O -and O -- O -3 O -and O -CIS O -, O -which O -reflect O -the O -level O -of O -prolactin O -signaling O -) O -mRNAs O -in O -response O -to O -sulpiride B-Chemical -and O -estradiol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Sulpiride B-Chemical -induced O -only O -SOCS O -- O -1 O -in O -the O -medial O -preoptic O -area O -, O -where O -GnRH O -neurons O -are O -regulated O -, O -but O -in O -the O -arcuate O -nucleus O -and O -choroid O -plexus O -, O -PRL O -- O -R O -, O -SOCS O -- O -3 O -, O -and O -CIS O -mRNA O -levels O -were O -also O -induced O -. O - -aps B-category -Estradiol B-Chemical -enhanced O -these O -effects O -on O -SOCS O -- O -3 O -and O -CIS O -. O - -aps B-category -Interestingly O -, O -estradiol B-Chemical -also O -induced O -PRL O -- O -R O -, O -SOCS O -- O -3 O -, O -and O -CIS O -mRNA O -levels O -independently O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -show O -that O -GnRH O -pulse O -frequency O -is O -inhibited O -by O -chronic O -hyperprolactinemia O -in O -a O -steroid B-Chemical -- O -dependent O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -also O -provide O -evidence O -for O -estradiol B-Chemical -- O -dependent O -and O -brain O -region O -- O -specific O -regulation O -of O -PRL O -- O -R O -expression O -and O -signaling O -responses O -by O -prolactin O -. O - -aps B-category -Clonidine B-Chemical -for O -attention O -- O -deficit O -/ O -hyperactivity O -disorder O -: O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -ECG O -changes O -and O -adverse O -events O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -examine O -the O -safety O -and O -tolerability O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -used O -alone O -or O -with O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -in O -children O -with O -attention O -- O -deficit O -/ O -hyperactivity O -disorder O -( O -ADHD O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -In O -a O -16 O -- O -week O -multicenter O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -, O -122 O -children O -with O -ADHD O -were O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -clonidine B-Chemical -( O -n O -= O -31 O -) O -, O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -( O -n O -= O -29 O -) O -, O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -( O -n O -= O -32 O -) O -, O -or O -placebo O -( O -n O -= O -30 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Doses O -were O -flexibly O -titrated O -up O -to O -0 O -. O -6 O -mg O -/ O -day O -for O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -60 O -mg O -/ O -day O -for O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -( O -both O -with O -divided O -dosing O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Groups O -were O -compared O -regarding O -adverse O -events O -and O -changes O -from O -baseline O -to O -week O -16 O -in O -electrocardiograms O -and O -vital O -signs O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -There O -were O -more O -incidents O -of O -bradycardia O -in O -subjects O -treated O -with O -clonidine B-Chemical -compared O -with O -those O -not O -treated O -with O -clonidine B-Chemical -( O -17 O -. O -5 O -% O -versus O -3 O -. O -4 O -% O -; O -p O -= O -. O -02 O -) O -, O -but O -no O -other O -significant O -group O -differences O -regarding O -electrocardiogram O -and O -other O -cardiovascular O -outcomes O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -suggestions O -of O -interactions O -between O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -regarding O -cardiovascular O -outcomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Moderate O -or O -severe O -adverse O -events O -were O -more O -common O -in O -subjects O -on O -clonidine B-Chemical -( O -79 O -. O -4 O -% O -versus O -49 O -. O -2 O -% O -; O -p O -= O -. O -0006 O -) O -but O -not O -associated O -with O -higher O -rates O -of O -early O -study O -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -Drowsiness O -was O -common O -on O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -but O -generally O -resolved O -by O -6 O -to O -8 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Clonidine B-Chemical -, O -used O -alone O -or O -with O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -, O -appears O -safe O -and O -well O -tolerated O -in O -childhood O -ADHD O -. O - -aps B-category -Physicians O -prescribing O -clonidine B-Chemical -should O -monitor O -for O -bradycardia O -and O -advise O -patients O -about O -the O -high O -likelihood O -of O -initial O -drowsiness O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -Fanconi O -syndrome O -and O -myopathy O -after O -liver O -transplantation O -: O -drug O -- O -related O -mitochondrial O -cytopathy O -? O - -aps B-category -Advances O -in O -the O -field O -of O -transplantation O -provide O -a O -better O -quality O -of O -life O -and O -allow O -more O -favorable O -conditions O -for O -growth O -and O -development O -in O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -combinations O -of O -different O -therapeutic O -regimens O -require O -consideration O -of O -potential O -adverse O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -15 O -- O -yr O -- O -old O -girl O -who O -had O -orthotopic O -liver O -transplantation O -because O -of O -Wilson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Tacrolimus B-Chemical -, O -MMF B-Chemical -, O -and O -steroids B-Chemical -were O -given O -as O -immunosuppressant O -. O - -aps B-category -Lamivudine B-Chemical -was O -added O -because O -of O -de O -nova O -hepatitis O -B O -infection O -during O -her O -follow O -- O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -yr O -after O -transplantation O -she O -developed O -renal O -Fanconi O -syndrome O -with O -severe O -metabolic O -acidosis O -, O -hypophosphatemia O -, O -glycosuria O -, O -and O -aminoaciduria O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -was O -suspected O -to O -be O -the O -cause O -of O -late O -post O -- O -transplant O -renal O -acidosis O -and O -was O -replaced O -by O -sirolimus B-Chemical -, O -acidosis O -, O -and O -electrolyte O -imbalance O -got O -worse O -. O - -aps B-category -Proximal O -muscle O -weakness O -has O -developed O -during O -her O -follow O -- O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -Fanconi O -syndrome O -, O -as O -well O -as O -myopathy O -, O -is O -well O -recognized O -in O -patients O -with O -mitochondrial O -disorders O -and O -caused O -by O -depletion O -of O -mtDNA O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -that O -our O -patient O -' O -s O -tubular O -dysfunction O -and O -myopathy O -may O -have O -resulted O -from O -mitochondrial O -dysfunction O -which O -is O -triggered O -by O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -and O -augmented O -by O -lamivudine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Higher O -optical O -density O -of O -an O -antigen O -assay O -predicts O -thrombosis O -in O -patients O -with O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -To O -correlate O -optical O -density O -and O -percent O -inhibition O -of O -a O -two O -- O -step O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -( O -HIT O -) O -antigen O -assay O -with O -thrombosis O -; O -the O -assay O -utilizes O -reaction O -inhibition O -characteristics O -of O -a O -high O -heparin B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -Patients O -with O -more O -than O -50 O -% O -decrease O -in O -platelet O -count O -or O -thrombocytopenia O -( O -< O -150 O -x O -10 O -( O -9 O -) O -/ O -L O -) O -after O -exposure O -to O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -who O -had O -a O -positive O -two O -- O -step O -antigen O -assay O -[ O -optical O -density O -( O -OD O -) O -> O -0 O -. O -4 O -and O -> O -50 O -inhibition O -with O -high O -concentration O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -] O -were O -included O -in O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Forty O -of O -94 O -HIT O -patients O -had O -thrombosis O -at O -diagnosis O -; O -54 O -/ O -94 O -had O -isolated O -- O -HIT O -without O -thrombosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -of O -the O -isolated O -- O -HIT O -patients O -developed O -thrombosis O -within O -the O -next O -30 O -d O -; O -thus O -, O -a O -total O -of O -48 O -patients O -had O -thrombosis O -at O -day O -30 O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -diagnosis O -there O -was O -no O -significant O -difference O -in O -OD O -between O -HIT O -patients O -with O -thrombosis O -and O -those O -with O -isolated O -- O -HIT O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -OD O -was O -significantly O -higher O -in O -all O -patients O -with O -thrombosis O -( O -n O -= O -48 O -, O -1 O -. O -34 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -89 O -) O -, O -including O -isolated O -- O -HIT O -patients O -who O -later O -developed O -thrombosis O -within O -30 O -d O -( O -n O -= O -8 O -, O -1 O -. O -84 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -64 O -) O -as O -compared O -to O -isolated O -- O -HIT O -patients O -who O -did O -not O -develop O -thrombosis O -( O -0 O -. O -96 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -75 O -; O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -011 O -and O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -008 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Receiver O -Operative O -Characteristic O -Curve O -showed O -that O -OD O -> O -1 O -. O -27 O -in O -the O -isolated O -- O -HIT O -group O -had O -a O -significantly O -higher O -chance O -of O -developing O -thrombosis O -by O -day O -30 O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -these O -groups O -showed O -significant O -difference O -in O -percent O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Multivariate O -analysis O -showed O -a O -2 O -. O -8 O -- O -fold O -increased O -risk O -of O -thrombosis O -in O -females O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -thrombotic O -risk O -increased O -with O -age O -and O -OD O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Higher O -OD O -is O -associated O -with O -significant O -risk O -of O -subsequent O -thrombosis O -in O -patients O -with O -isolated O -- O -HIT O -; O -percent O -inhibition O -, O -however O -, O -was O -not O -predictive O -. O - -aps B-category -Thalidomide B-Chemical -has O -limited O -single O -- O -agent O -activity O -in O -relapsed O -or O -refractory O -indolent O -non O -- O -Hodgkin O -lymphomas O -: O -a O -phase O -II O -trial O -of O -the O -Cancer O -and O -Leukemia O -Group O -B O -. O - -aps B-category -Thalidomide B-Chemical -is O -an O -immunomodulatory O -agent O -with O -demonstrated O -activity O -in O -multiple O -myeloma O -, O -mantle O -cell O -lymphoma O -and O -lymphoplasmacytic O -lymphoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -activity O -is O -believed O -to O -be O -due O -modulation O -of O -the O -tumour O -milieu O -, O -including O -downregulation O -of O -angiogenesis O -and O -inflammatory O -cytokines O -. O - -aps B-category -Between O -July O -2001 O -and O -April O -2004 O -, O -24 O -patients O -with O -relapsed O -/ O -refractory O -indolent O -lymphomas O -received O -thalidomide B-Chemical -200 O -mg O -daily O -with O -escalation O -by O -100 O -mg O -daily O -every O -1 O -- O -2 O -weeks O -as O -tolerated O -, O -up O -to O -a O -maximum O -of O -800 O -mg O -daily O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -had O -received O -a O -median O -of O -2 O -( O -range O -, O -1 O -- O -4 O -) O -prior O -regimens O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -24 O -evaluable O -patients O -, O -two O -achieved O -a O -complete O -remission O -and O -one O -achieved O -a O -partial O -remission O -for O -an O -overall O -response O -rate O -of O -12 O -. O -5 O -% O -( O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -: O -2 O -. O -6 O -- O -32 O -. O -4 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Eleven O -patients O -progressed O -during O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Grade O -3 O -- O -4 O -adverse O -effects O -included O -myelosuppression O -, O -fatigue O -, O -somnolence O -/ O -depressed O -mood O -, O -neuropathy O -and O -dyspnea O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -concern O -was O -the O -occurrence O -of O -four O -thromboembolic O -events O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -failed O -to O -demonstrate O -an O -important O -response O -rate O -to O -single O -agent O -thalidomide B-Chemical -in O -indolent O -lymphomas O -and O -contrast O -with O -the O -higher O -activity O -level O -reported O -with O -the O -second O -generation O -immunomodulatory O -agent O -, O -lenalidomide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Sex O -differences O -in O -NMDA B-Chemical -antagonist O -enhancement O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -antihyperalgesia O -in O -a O -capsaicin B-Chemical -model O -of O -persistent O -pain O -: O -comparisons O -to O -two O -models O -of O -acute O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -acute O -pain O -models O -, O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -( O -NMDA B-Chemical -) O -antagonists O -enhance O -the O -antinociceptive O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -to O -a O -greater O -extent O -in O -males O -than O -females O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -investigation O -was O -to O -extend O -these O -findings O -to O -a O -persistent O -pain O -model O -which O -could O -be O -distinguished O -from O -acute O -pain O -models O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -nociceptive O -fibers O -activated O -, O -neurochemical O -substrates O -, O -and O -duration O -of O -the O -nociceptive O -stimulus O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -this O -end O -, O -persistent O -hyperalgesia O -was O -induced O -by O -administration O -of O -capsaicin B-Chemical -in O -the O -tail O -of O -gonadally O -intact O -F344 O -rats O -, O -following O -which O -the O -tail O -was O -immersed O -in O -a O -mildly O -noxious O -thermal O -stimulus O -, O -and O -tail O -- O -withdrawal O -latencies O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -comparison O -, O -tests O -were O -conducted O -in O -two O -acute O -pain O -models O -, O -the O -hotplate O -and O -warm O -water O -tail O -- O -withdrawal O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -males O -, O -the O -non O -- O -competitive O -NMDA B-Chemical -antagonist O -dextromethorphan B-Chemical -enhanced O -the O -antihyperalgesic O -effect O -of O -low O -to O -moderate O -doses O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -a O -dose O -- O -and O -time O -- O -dependent O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -Across O -the O -doses O -and O -pretreatment O -times O -examined O -, O -enhancement O -was O -not O -observed O -in O -females O -. O - -aps B-category -Enhancement O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -antinociception O -by O -dextromethorphan B-Chemical -was O -seen O -in O -both O -males O -and O -females O -in O -the O -acute O -pain O -models O -, O -with O -the O -magnitude O -of O -this O -effect O -being O -greater O -in O -males O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -demonstrate O -a O -sexually O -- O -dimorphic O -interaction O -between O -NMDA B-Chemical -antagonists O -and O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -a O -persistent O -pain O -model O -that O -can O -be O -distinguished O -from O -those O -observed O -in O -acute O -pain O -models O -. O - -aps B-category -Development O -of O -proteinuria O -after O -switch O -to O -sirolimus B-Chemical -- O -based O -immunosuppression O -in O -long O -- O -term O -cardiac O -transplant O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcineurin O -- O -inhibitor O -therapy O -can O -lead O -to O -renal O -dysfunction O -in O -heart O -transplantation O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -novel O -immunosuppressive O -( O -IS O -) O -drug O -sirolmus B-Chemical -( O -Srl B-Chemical -) O -lacks O -nephrotoxic O -effects O -; O -however O -, O -proteinuria O -associated O -with O -Srl B-Chemical -has O -been O -reported O -following O -renal O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cardiac O -transplantation O -, O -the O -incidence O -of O -proteinuria O -associated O -with O -Srl B-Chemical -is O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -long O -- O -term O -cardiac O -transplant O -patients O -were O -switched O -from O -cyclosporine B-Chemical -to O -Srl B-Chemical -- O -based O -IS O -. O - -aps B-category -Concomitant O -IS O -consisted O -of O -mycophenolate B-Chemical -mofetil I-Chemical -+ O -/ O -- O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Proteinuria O -increased O -significantly O -from O -a O -median O -of O -0 O -. O -13 O -g O -/ O -day O -( O -range O -0 O -- O -5 O -. O -7 O -) O -preswitch O -to O -0 O -. O -23 O -g O -/ O -day O -( O -0 O -- O -9 O -. O -88 O -) O -at O -24 O -months O -postswitch O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -0024 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -the O -switch O -, O -11 O -. O -5 O -% O -of O -patients O -had O -high O -- O -grade O -proteinuria O -( O -> O -1 O -. O -0 O -g O -/ O -day O -) O -; O -this O -increased O -to O -22 O -. O -9 O -% O -postswitch O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -006 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -ACE B-Chemical -inhibitor I-Chemical -and O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -blocker I-Chemical -( O -ARB B-Chemical -) O -therapy O -reduced O -proteinuria O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -without O -proteinuria O -had O -increased O -renal O -function O -( O -median O -42 O -. O -5 O -vs O -. O -64 O -. O -1 O -, O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -25 O -) O -, O -whereas O -patients O -who O -developed O -high O -- O -grade O -proteinuria O -showed O -decreased O -renal O -function O -at O -the O -end O -of O -follow O -- O -up O -( O -median O -39 O -. O -6 O -vs O -. O -29 O -. O -2 O -, O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -125 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -proteinuria O -may O -develop O -in O -cardiac O -transplant O -patients O -after O -switch O -to O -Srl B-Chemical -, O -which O -may O -have O -an O -adverse O -effect O -on O -renal O -function O -in O -these O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Srl B-Chemical -should O -be O -used O -with O -ACEi B-Chemical -/ O -ARB B-Chemical -therapy O -and O -patients O -monitored O -for O -proteinuria O -and O -increased O -renal O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -Ginsenoside B-Chemical -Rg1 I-Chemical -restores O -the O -impairment O -of O -learning O -induced O -by O -chronic O -morphine B-Chemical -administration O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Rg1 B-Chemical -, O -as O -a O -ginsenoside B-Chemical -extracted O -from O -Panax O -ginseng O -, O -could O -ameliorate O -spatial O -learning O -impairment O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -studies O -have O -demonstrated O -that O -Rg1 B-Chemical -might O -be O -a O -useful O -agent O -for O -the O -prevention O -and O -treatment O -of O -the O -adverse O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -investigate O -the O -effect O -of O -Rg1 B-Chemical -on O -learning O -impairment O -by O -chronic O -morphine B-Chemical -administration O -and O -the O -mechanism O -responsible O -for O -this O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -rats O -were O -subcutaneously O -injected O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -twice O -a O -day O -at O -12 O -hour O -intervals O -for O -10 O -days O -, O -and O -Rg1 B-Chemical -( O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -was O -intraperitoneally O -injected O -2 O -hours O -after O -the O -second O -injection O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -once O -a O -day O -for O -10 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Spatial O -learning O -capacity O -was O -assessed O -in O -the O -Morris O -water O -maze O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -showed O -that O -rats O -treated O -with O -Morphine B-Chemical -/ O -Rg1 B-Chemical -decreased O -escape O -latency O -and O -increased O -the O -time O -spent O -in O -platform O -quadrant O -and O -entering O -frequency O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -implantation O -of O -electrodes O -and O -electrophysiological O -recording O -in O -vivo O -, O -the O -results O -showed O -that O -Rg1 B-Chemical -restored O -the O -long O -- O -term O -potentiation O -( O -LTP O -) O -impaired O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -both O -freely O -moving O -and O -anaesthetised O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -electrophysiological O -recording O -in O -vitro O -showed O -that O -Rg1 B-Chemical -restored O -the O -LTP O -in O -slices O -from O -the O -rats O -treated O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -changed O -LTP O -in O -the O -slices O -from O -normal O -saline O -- O -or O -morphine B-Chemical -/ O -Rg1 B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -; O -this O -restoration O -could O -be O -inhibited O -by O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -( O -NMDA B-Chemical -) O -receptor O -antagonist O -MK801 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -Rg1 B-Chemical -may O -significantly O -improve O -the O -spatial O -learning O -capacity O -impaired O -by O -chonic O -morphine B-Chemical -administration O -and O -restore O -the O -morphine B-Chemical -- O -inhibited O -LTP O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -is O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptor O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -of O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyrimidinyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenoxyacetamides I-Chemical -as O -adenosine B-Chemical -A2A O -receptor O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -series O -of O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyrimidinyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenoxyacetamide I-Chemical -adenosine B-Chemical -A O -( O -2A O -) O -antagonists O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -SAR O -studies O -led O -to O -compound O -14 O -with O -excellent O -potency O -( O -K O -( O -i O -) O -= O -0 O -. O -4 O -nM O -) O -, O -selectivity O -( O -A O -( O -1 O -) O -/ O -A O -( O -2A O -) O -> O -100 O -) O -, O -and O -efficacy O -( O -MED O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -p O -. O -o O -. O -) O -in O -the O -rat O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -model O -for O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -an O -involvement O -of O -D1 O -and O -D2 O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -mediating O -nicotine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -studies O -have O -suggested O -that O -repeated O -exposure O -of O -rats O -to O -the O -drug O -or O -to O -the O -experimental O -environment O -is O -necessary O -to O -observe O -nicotine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -locomotor O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -the O -role O -of O -habituation O -to O -the O -experimental O -environment O -on O -the O -stimulant O -effect O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -in O -rats O -was O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -role O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -mediating O -nicotine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -locomotor O -stimulation O -was O -investigated O -by O -examining O -the O -effects O -of O -selective O -D1 O -and O -D2 O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonists O -on O -activity O -induced O -by O -nicotine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Locomotor O -activity O -was O -assessed O -in O -male O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -tested O -in O -photocell O -cages O -. O - -aps B-category -Nicotine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -caused O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -locomotor O -activity O -in O -rats O -that O -were O -habituated O -to O -the O -test O -environment O -, O -but O -had O -only O -a O -weak O -and O -delayed O -stimulant O -action O -in O -rats O -that O -were O -unfamiliar O -with O -the O -test O -environment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulant O -action O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -was O -blocked O -by O -the O -central O -nicotinic O -antagonist O -mecamylamine B-Chemical -but O -not O -by O -the O -peripheral O -nicotinic O -blocker O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -response O -is O -probably O -mediated O -by O -central O -nicotinic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Nicotine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -was O -blocked O -by O -the O -selective O -D1 O -antagonist O -SCH B-Chemical -23390 I-Chemical -, O -the O -selective O -D2 O -antagonist O -raclopride B-Chemical -and O -the O -D1 O -/ O -D2 O -antagonist O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -the O -D2 O -agonist O -PHNO B-Chemical -enhanced O -nicotine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -, O -whereas O -the O -D1 O -agonist O -SKF B-Chemical -38393 I-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -acute O -nicotine B-Chemical -injection O -induces O -a O -pronounced O -hyperactivity O -in O -rats O -habituated O -to O -the O -test O -environment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -appears O -to O -be O -mediated O -by O -central O -nicotine B-Chemical -receptors O -, O -possibly O -located O -on O -dopaminergic O -neurons O -, O -and O -also O -requires O -the O -activation O -of O -both O -D1 O -and O -D2 O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Central O -retinal O -vein O -occlusion O -associated O -with O -clomiphene B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ovulation O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -report O -a O -case O -of O -central O -retinal O -vein O -occlusion O -associated O -with O -clomiphene B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -( O -CC B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -: O -Case O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -SETTING O -: O -Ophthalmology O -clinic O -of O -an O -academic O -hospital O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENT O -( O -S O -) O -: O -A O -36 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -referred O -from O -the O -infertility O -clinic O -for O -blurred O -vision O -. O - -aps B-category -INTERVENTION O -( O -S O -) O -: O -Ophthalmic O -examination O -after O -CC B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -MAIN O -OUTCOME O -MEASURE O -( O -S O -) O -: O -Central O -retinal O -vein O -occlusion O -after O -ovulation O -induction O -with O -CC B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -RESULT O -( O -S O -) O -: O -A O -36 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -Chinese O -woman O -developed O -central O -retinal O -vein O -occlusion O -after O -eight O -courses O -of O -CC B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -search O -of O -the O -literature O -on O -the O -thromboembolic O -complications O -of O -CC B-Chemical -does O -not O -include O -this O -severe O -ophthalmic O -complication O -, O -although O -mild O -visual O -disturbance O -after O -CC B-Chemical -intake O -is O -not O -uncommon O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -( O -S O -) O -: O -This O -is O -the O -first O -reported O -case O -of O -central O -retinal O -vein O -occlusion O -after O -treatment O -with O -CC B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Extra O -caution O -is O -warranted O -in O -treating O -infertility O -patients O -with O -CC B-Chemical -, O -and O -patients O -should O -be O -well O -informed O -of O -this O -side O -effect O -before O -commencement O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -bronchodilating O -effects O -of O -ipratropium B-Chemical -bromide I-Chemical -and O -theophylline B-Chemical -in O -chronic O -obstructive O -pulmonary O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bronchodilator O -effects O -of O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -ipratropium B-Chemical -bromide I-Chemical -aerosol O -( O -36 O -micrograms O -) O -and O -short O -- O -acting O -theophylline B-Chemical -tablets O -( O -dose O -titrated O -to O -produce O -serum O -levels O -of O -10 O -- O -20 O -micrograms O -/ O -mL O -) O -were O -compared O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -crossover O -study O -in O -21 O -patients O -with O -stable O -, O -chronic O -obstructive O -pulmonary O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -peak O -forced O -expiratory O -volume O -in O -1 O -second O -( O -FEV1 O -) O -increases O -over O -baseline O -and O -the O -proportion O -of O -patients O -attaining O -at O -least O -a O -15 O -% O -increase O -in O -the O -FEV1 O -( O -responders O -) O -were O -31 O -% O -and O -90 O -% O -, O -respectively O -, O -for O -ipratropium B-Chemical -and O -17 O -% O -and O -50 O -% O -, O -respectively O -, O -for O -theophylline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -FEV1 O -increases O -during O -the O -6 O -- O -hour O -observation O -period O -were O -18 O -% O -for O -ipratropium B-Chemical -and O -8 O -% O -for O -theophylline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -duration O -of O -action O -was O -3 O -. O -8 O -hours O -with O -ipratropium B-Chemical -and O -2 O -. O -4 O -hours O -with O -theophylline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -While O -side O -effects O -were O -rare O -, O -those O -experienced O -after O -theophylline B-Chemical -use O -did O -involve O -the O -cardiovascular O -and O -gastrointestinal O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -show O -that O -ipratropium B-Chemical -is O -a O -more O -potent O -bronchodilator O -than O -oral O -theophylline B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -chronic O -airflow O -obstruction O -. O - -aps B-category -Methamphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -neurotoxicity O -and O -microglial O -activation O -are O -not O -mediated O -by O -fractalkine O -receptor O -signaling O -. O - -aps B-category -Methamphetamine B-Chemical -( O -METH B-Chemical -) O -damages O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA B-Chemical -) O -nerve O -endings O -by O -a O -process O -that O -has O -been O -linked O -to O -microglial O -activation O -but O -the O -signaling O -pathways O -that O -mediate O -this O -response O -have O -not O -yet O -been O -delineated O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardona O -et O -al O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Nat O -. O -Neurosci O -. O -9 O -( O -2006 O -) O -, O -917 O -] O -recently O -identified O -the O -microglial O -- O -specific O -fractalkine O -receptor O -( O -CX3CR1 O -) O -as O -an O -important O -mediator O -of O -MPTP B-Chemical -- O -induced O -neurodegeneration O -of O -DA B-Chemical -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -the O -CNS O -damage O -caused O -by O -METH B-Chemical -and O -MPTP B-Chemical -is O -highly O -selective O -for O -the O -DA B-Chemical -neuronal O -system O -in O -mouse O -models O -of O -neurotoxicity O -, O -we O -hypothesized O -that O -the O -CX3CR1 O -plays O -a O -role O -in O -METH B-Chemical -- O -induced O -neurotoxicity O -and O -microglial O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -Mice O -in O -which O -the O -CX3CR1 O -gene O -has O -been O -deleted O -and O -replaced O -with O -a O -cDNA O -encoding O -enhanced O -green O -fluorescent O -protein O -( O -eGFP O -) O -were O -treated O -with O -METH B-Chemical -and O -examined O -for O -striatal O -neurotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -METH B-Chemical -depleted O -DA B-Chemical -, O -caused O -microglial O -activation O -, O -and O -increased O -body O -temperature O -in O -CX3CR1 O -knockout O -mice O -to O -the O -same O -extent O -and O -over O -the O -same O -time O -course O -seen O -in O -wild O -- O -type O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -METH B-Chemical -in O -CX3CR1 O -knockout O -mice O -were O -not O -gender O -- O -dependent O -and O -did O -not O -extend O -beyond O -the O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -Striatal O -microglia O -expressing O -eGFP O -constitutively O -show O -morphological O -changes O -after O -METH B-Chemical -that O -are O -characteristic O -of O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -response O -was O -restricted O -to O -the O -striatum O -and O -contrasted O -sharply O -with O -unresponsive O -eGFP O -- O -microglia O -in O -surrounding O -brain O -areas O -that O -are O -not O -damaged O -by O -METH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -from O -these O -studies O -that O -CX3CR1 O -signaling O -does O -not O -modulate O -METH B-Chemical -neurotoxicity O -or O -microglial O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -it O -appears O -that O -striatal O -- O -resident O -microglia O -respond O -to O -METH B-Chemical -with O -an O -activation O -cascade O -and O -then O -return O -to O -a O -surveying O -state O -without O -undergoing O -apoptosis O -or O -migration O -. O - -aps B-category -Nicotine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nystagmus O -correlates O -with O -midpontine O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pathomechanism O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nystagmus O -( O -NIN O -) O -is O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -delineate O -brain O -structures O -that O -are O -involved O -in O -NIN O -generation O -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -healthy O -volunteers O -inhaled O -nicotine B-Chemical -in O -darkness O -during O -a O -functional O -magnetic O -resonance O -imaging O -( O -fMRI O -) O -experiment O -; O -eye O -movements O -were O -registered O -using O -video O -- O -oculography O -. O - -aps B-category -NIN O -correlated O -with O -blood O -oxygen B-Chemical -level O -- O -dependent O -( O -BOLD O -) O -activity O -levels O -in O -a O -midpontine O -site O -in O -the O -posterior O -basis O -pontis O -. O - -aps B-category -NIN O -- O -induced O -midpontine O -activation O -may O -correspond O -to O -activation O -of O -the O -dorsomedial O -pontine O -nuclei O -and O -the O -nucleus O -reticularis O -tegmenti O -pontis O -, O -structures O -known O -to O -participate O -in O -the O -generation O -of O -multidirectional O -saccades O -and O -smooth O -pursuit O -eye O -movements O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -effects O -of O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propylpentanoyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -on O -hippocampal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -neurotransmitters O -in O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizure O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -aimed O -to O -investigate O -the O -anticonvulsant O -activity O -as O -well O -as O -the O -effects O -on O -the O -level O -of O -hippocampal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -neurotransmitters O -( O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -, O -glycine B-Chemical -and O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -of O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propylpentanoyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -( O -VPU B-Chemical -) O -in O -comparison O -to O -its O -parent O -compound O -, O -valproic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -VPA B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -VPU B-Chemical -was O -more O -potent O -than O -VPA B-Chemical -, O -exhibiting O -the O -median O -effective O -dose O -( O -ED O -( O -50 O -) O -) O -of O -49 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -in O -protecting O -rats O -against O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizure O -whereas O -the O -corresponding O -value O -for O -VPA B-Chemical -was O -322 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -microdialysis O -demonstrated O -that O -an O -intraperitoneal O -administration O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -induced O -a O -pronounced O -increment O -of O -hippocampal O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -whereas O -no O -significant O -change O -was O -observed O -on O -the O -level O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -and O -GABA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -either O -VPU B-Chemical -( O -50 O -and O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -or O -VPA B-Chemical -( O -300 O -and O -600 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -completely O -abolished O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -evoked O -increases O -in O -extracellular O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -a O -statistically O -significant O -reduction O -was O -also O -observed O -on O -the O -level O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -glycine B-Chemical -but O -less O -than O -a O -drastic O -reduction O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -the O -finding O -that O -VPU B-Chemical -and O -VPA B-Chemical -could O -protect O -the O -animals O -against O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizure O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -reduction O -of O -inhibitory O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -neurotransmitters O -was O -comparatively O -minor O -and O -offset O -by O -a O -pronounced O -reduction O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -like O -VPA B-Chemical -, O -the O -finding O -that O -VPU B-Chemical -could O -drastically O -reduce O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -increases O -in O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -should O -account O -, O -at O -least O -partly O -, O -for O -its O -anticonvulsant O -activity O -observed O -in O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizure O -in O -experimental O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -other O -mechanism O -than O -those O -being O -reported O -herein O -should O -be O -further O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Protective O -effect O -of O -verapamil B-Chemical -on O -gastric O -hemorrhagic O -ulcers O -in O -severe O -atherosclerotic O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -concerning O -with O -pathogenesis O -of O -gastric O -hemorrhage O -and O -mucosal O -ulceration O -produced O -in O -atherosclerotic O -rats O -are O -lacking O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -is O -to O -examine O -the O -role O -of O -gastric O -acid O -back O -- O -diffusion O -, O -mast O -cell O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -, O -lipid O -peroxide O -( O -LPO O -) O -generation O -and O -mucosal O -microvascular O -permeability O -in O -modulating O -gastric O -hemorrhage O -and O -ulcer O -in O -rats O -with O -atherosclerosis O -induced O -by O -coadministration O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -D2 I-Chemical -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Additionally O -, O -the O -protective O -effect O -of O -verapamil B-Chemical -on O -this O -ulcer O -model O -was O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -Wistar O -rats O -were O -challenged O -intragastrically O -once O -daily O -for O -9 O -days O -with O -1 O -. O -0 O -ml O -/ O -kg O -of O -corn O -oil O -containing O -vitamin B-Chemical -D2 I-Chemical -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -to O -induce O -atherosclerosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -rats O -received O -corn O -oil O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -gastric O -surgery O -, O -rat O -stomachs O -were O -irrigated O -for O -3 O -h O -with O -either O -simulated O -gastric O -juice O -or O -normal O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -Gastric O -acid O -back O -- O -diffusion O -, O -mucosal O -LPO O -generation O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -microvascular O -permeability O -, O -luminal B-Chemical -hemoglobin O -content O -and O -ulcer O -areas O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Elevated O -atherosclerotic O -parameters O -, O -such O -as O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -total O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -low O -- O -density O -lipoprotein O -concentration O -were O -obtained O -in O -atherosclerotic O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -gastric O -ulcers O -accompanied O -with O -increased O -ulcerogenic O -factors O -, O -including O -gastric O -acid O -back O -- O -diffusion O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -, O -LPO O -generation O -and O -luminal B-Chemical -hemoglobin O -content O -were O -also O -observed O -in O -these O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -a O -positive O -correlation O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -to O -gastric O -hemorrhage O -and O -to O -ulcer O -was O -found O -in O -those O -atherosclerotic O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -hemorrhagic O -ulcer O -and O -various O -ulcerogenic O -parameters O -were O -dose O -- O -dependently O -ameliorated O -by O -daily O -intragastric O -verapamil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Atherosclerosis O -could O -produce O -gastric O -hemorrhagic O -ulcer O -via O -aggravation O -of O -gastric O -acid O -back O -- O -diffusion O -, O -LPO O -generation O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -and O -microvascular O -permeability O -that O -could O -be O -ameliorated O -by O -verapamil B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Lamivudine B-Chemical -for O -the O -prevention O -of O -hepatitis O -B O -virus O -reactivation O -in O -hepatitis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBSAG B-Chemical -) O -seropositive O -cancer O -patients O -undergoing O -cytotoxic O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatitis O -B O -virus O -( O -HBV O -) O -is O -one O -of O -the O -major O -causes O -of O -chronic O -liver O -disease O -worldwide O -. O - -aps B-category -Cancer O -patients O -who O -are O -chronic O -carriers O -of O -HBV O -have O -a O -higher O -hepatic O -complication O -rate O -while O -receiving O -cytotoxic O -chemotherapy O -( O -CT O -) O -and O -this O -has O -mainly O -been O -attributed O -to O -HBV O -reactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -cancer O -patients O -who O -have O -solid O -and O -hematological O -malignancies O -with O -chronic O -HBV O -infection O -received O -the O -antiviral O -agent O -lamivudine B-Chemical -prior O -and O -during O -CT O -compared O -with O -historical O -control O -group O -who O -did O -not O -receive O -lamivudine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -objectives O -were O -to O -assess O -the O -efficacy O -of O -lamivudine B-Chemical -in O -reducing O -the O -incidence O -of O -HBV O -reactivation O -, O -and O -diminishing O -morbidity O -and O -mortality O -during O -CT O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -groups O -were O -compared O -in O -this O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prophylactic O -lamivudin B-Chemical -group O -consisted O -of O -37 O -patients O -who O -received O -prophylactic O -lamivudine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -historical O -controls O -consisted O -of O -50 O -consecutive O -patients O -who O -underwent O -CT O -without O -prophylactic O -lamivudine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -They O -were O -followed O -up O -during O -and O -for O -8 O -weeks O -after O -CT O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -outcomes O -were O -compared O -for O -both O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -our O -control O -group O -( O -n O -= O -50 O -) O -, O -21 O -patients O -( O -42 O -% O -) O -were O -established O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Twelve O -( O -24 O -% O -) O -of O -them O -were O -evaluated O -as O -severe O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -prophylactic O -lamivudine B-Chemical -group O -severe O -hepatitis O -were O -observed O -only O -in O -1 O -patient O -( O -2 O -. O -7 O -% O -) O -of O -37 O -patients O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -006 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -mean O -ALT O -values O -revealed O -significantly O -higher O -mean O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -ALT O -) O -values O -in O -the O -control O -group O -than O -the O -prophylactic O -lamivudine B-Chemical -group O -; O -154 O -: O -64 O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -32 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -study O -suggests O -that O -prophylactic O -lamivudine B-Chemical -significantly O -decreases O -the O -incidence O -of O -HBV O -reactivation O -and O -overall O -morbidity O -in O -cancer O -patients O -during O -and O -after O -immunosuppressive O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -studies O -are O -needed O -to O -determine O -the O -most O -appropriate O -nucleoside B-Chemical -or O -nucleotide B-Chemical -analogue O -for O -antiviral O -prophylaxis O -during O -CT O -and O -the O -optimal O -duration O -of O -administration O -after O -completion O -of O -CT O -. O - -aps B-category -Recovery O -of O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -- O -associated O -brachial O -neuritis O -after O -conversion O -to O -everolimus B-Chemical -in O -a O -pediatric O -renal O -transplant O -recipient O -- O -- O -case O -report O -and O -review O -of O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -TAC B-Chemical -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -a O -potent O -immunosuppressive O -agent O -for O -solid O -organ O -transplantation O -in O -pediatrics O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurotoxicity O -is O -a O -potentially O -serious O -toxic O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -characterized O -by O -encephalopathy O -, O -headaches O -, O -seizures O -, O -or O -neurological O -deficits O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -, O -we O -describe O -an O -eight O -- O -and O -- O -a O -- O -half O -- O -yr O -- O -old O -male O -renal O -transplant O -recipient O -with O -right O -BN O -. O - -aps B-category -MRI O -demonstrated O -hyperintense O -T2 O -signals O -in O -the O -cervical O -cord O -and O -right O -brachial O -plexus O -roots O -indicative O -of O -both O -myelitis O -and O -right O -brachial O -plexitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Symptoms O -persisted O -for O -three O -months O -despite O -TAC B-Chemical -dose O -reduction O -, O -administration O -of O -IVIG O -and O -four O -doses O -of O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -pulse O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Improvement O -and O -eventually O -full O -recovery O -only O -occurred O -after O -TAC B-Chemical -was O -completely O -discontinued O -and O -successfully O -replaced O -by O -everolimus B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Omitting O -fentanyl B-Chemical -reduces O -nausea O -and O -vomiting O -, O -without O -increasing O -pain O -, O -after O -sevoflurane B-Chemical -for O -day O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -AND O -OBJECTIVE O -: O -Despite O -advantages O -of O -induction O -and O -maintenance O -of O -anaesthesia O -with O -sevoflurane B-Chemical -, O -postoperative O -nausea O -and O -vomiting O -occurs O -frequently O -. O - -aps B-category -Fentanyl B-Chemical -is O -a O -commonly O -used O -supplement O -that O -may O -contribute O -to O -this O -, O -although O -it O -may O -also O -improve O -analgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -This O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -examined O -the O -incidence O -and O -severity O -of O -postoperative O -nausea O -and O -vomiting O -and O -pain O -in O -the O -first O -24 O -h O -after O -sevoflurane B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -in O -216 O -adult O -day O -surgery O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -randomly O -allocated O -to O -either O -receive O -or O -not O -receive O -1 O -1 O -fentanyl B-Chemical -, O -while O -a O -third O -group O -received O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -in O -addition O -to O -fentanyl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Omission O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -did O -not O -reduce O -the O -overall O -incidence O -of O -postoperative O -nausea O -and O -vomiting O -, O -but O -did O -reduce O -the O -incidence O -of O -vomiting O -and O -/ O -or O -moderate O -to O -severe O -nausea O -prior O -to O -discharge O -from O -20 O -% O -and O -17 O -% O -with O -fentanyl B-Chemical -and O -fentanyl B-Chemical -- O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -, O -respectively O -, O -to O -5 O -% O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -013 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Antiemetic O -requirements O -were O -reduced O -from O -24 O -% O -and O -31 O -% O -to O -7 O -% O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -0012 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexamethasone B-Chemical -had O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -the O -incidence O -or O -severity O -of O -postoperative O -nausea O -and O -vomiting O -. O - -aps B-category -Combining O -the O -two O -fentanyl B-Chemical -groups O -revealed O -further O -significant O -benefits O -from O -the O -avoidance O -of O -opioids O -, O -reducing O -postoperative O -nausea O -and O -vomiting O -and O -nausea O -prior O -to O -discharge O -from O -35 O -% O -and O -33 O -% O -to O -22 O -% O -and O -19 O -% O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -049 O -and O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -035 O -) O -, O -respectively O -, O -while O -nausea O -in O -the O -first O -24 O -h O -was O -decreased O -from O -42 O -% O -to O -27 O -% O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -034 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Pain O -severity O -and O -analgesic O -requirements O -were O -unaffected O -by O -the O -omission O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Fentanyl B-Chemical -did O -reduce O -minor O -intraoperative O -movement O -but O -had O -no O -sevoflurane B-Chemical -- O -sparing O -effect O -and O -increased O -respiratory O -depression O -, O -hypotension O -and O -bradycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -As O -fentanyl B-Chemical -exacerbated O -postoperative O -nausea O -and O -vomiting O -without O -an O -improvement O -in O -postoperative O -pain O -and O -also O -had O -adverse O -cardiorespiratory O -effects O -, O -it O -appears O -to O -be O -an O -unnecessary O -and O -possibly O -detrimental O -supplement O -to O -sevoflurane B-Chemical -in O -day O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -Valvular O -heart O -disease O -in O -patients O -with O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -treated O -with O -pergolide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Course O -following O -treatment O -modifications O -. O - -aps B-category -Valvular O -heart O -abnormalities O -have O -been O -reported O -in O -patients O -with O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -( O -PD O -) O -treated O -with O -pergolide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -incidence O -and O -severity O -of O -these O -abnormalities O -vary O -from O -study O -to O -study O -and O -their O -course O -after O -drug O -withdrawal O -has O -not O -been O -systematically O -assessed O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVES O -: O -To O -estimate O -the O -frequency O -and O -severity O -of O -valvular O -heart O -abnormality O -and O -its O -possible O -reversibility O -after O -drug O -withdrawal O -in O -a O -case O -- O -control O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -All O -PD O -patients O -in O -the O -Amiens O -area O -treated O -with O -pergolide B-Chemical -were O -invited O -to O -attend O -a O -cardiologic O -assessment O -including O -transthoracic O -echocardiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -PD O -patients O -participated O -in O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -second O -echocardiography O -was O -performed O -( O -median O -interval O -: O -13 O -months O -) O -after O -pergolide B-Chemical -withdrawal O -( O -n O -= O -10 O -patients O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Controls O -were O -age O -- O -and O -sex O -- O -matched O -non O -- O -PD O -patients O -referred O -to O -the O -cardiology O -department O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Compared O -to O -controls O -, O -aortic O -regurgitation O -( O -OR O -: O -3 O -. O -1 O -; O -95 O -% O -IC O -: O -1 O -. O -1 O -- O -8 O -. O -8 O -) O -and O -mitral O -regurgitation O -( O -OR O -: O -10 O -. O -7 O -; O -95 O -% O -IC O -: O -2 O -. O -1 O -- O -53 O -) O -were O -more O -frequent O -in O -PD O -patients O -( O -tricuspid O -: O -NS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -affected O -valves O -( O -n O -= O -2 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -) O -and O -the O -sum O -of O -regurgitation O -grades O -( O -n O -= O -2 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -09 O -) O -were O -higher O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -008 O -and O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -006 O -, O -respectively O -) O -in O -the O -pergolide B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Severity O -of O -regurgitation O -was O -not O -correlated O -with O -pergolide B-Chemical -cumulative O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -restrictive O -pattern O -of O -valvular O -regurgitation O -, O -suggestive O -of O -the O -role O -of O -pergolide B-Chemical -, O -was O -observed O -in O -12 O -/ O -30 O -( O -40 O -% O -) O -patients O -including O -two O -with O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Pergolide B-Chemical -was O -discontinued O -in O -10 O -patients O -with O -valvular O -heart O -disease O -, O -resulting O -in O -a O -lower O -regurgitation O -grade O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -at O -the O -second O -transthoracic O -echocardiography O -and O -the O -two O -patients O -with O -heart O -failure O -returned O -to O -nearly O -normal O -clinical O -examination O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -supports O -the O -high O -frequency O -of O -restrictive O -valve O -regurgitation O -in O -PD O -patients O -treated O -with O -pergolide B-Chemical -and O -reveals O -that O -a O -significant O -improvement O -is O -usual O -when O -the O -treatment O -is O -converted O -to O -non O -- O -ergot O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Adriamycin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -autophagic O -cardiomyocyte O -death O -plays O -a O -pathogenic O -role O -in O -a O -rat O -model O -of O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -The O -mechanisms O -underlying O -heart O -failure O -induced O -by O -adriamycin B-Chemical -are O -very O -complicated O -and O -still O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -investigate O -whether O -autophagy O -was O -involved O -in O -the O -progression O -of O -heart O -failure O -induced O -by O -adriamycin B-Chemical -, O -so O -that O -we O -can O -develop O -a O -novel O -treatment O -strategy O -for O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyladenine I-Chemical -( O -3MA B-Chemical -) O -, O -a O -specific O -inhibitor O -on O -autophagy O -was O -used O -in O -a O -heart O -failure O -model O -of O -rats O -induced O -by O -adriamycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neonatal O -cardiomyocytes O -were O -isolated O -from O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rat O -hearts O -and O -randomly O -divided O -into O -controls O -, O -an O -adriamycin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -group O -, O -and O -a O -3MA B-Chemical -plus O -adriamycin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -then O -examined O -the O -morphology O -, O -expression O -of O -beclin O -1 O -gene O -, O -mitochondrial O -permeability O -transition O -( O -MPT O -) O -, O -and O -Na O -+ O -- O -K B-Chemical -+ O -ATPase O -activity O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -also O -assessed O -cell O -viability O -, O -mitochondrial O -membrane O -potential O -changes O -and O -counted O -autophagic O -vacuoles O -in O -cultured O -cardiomyocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -we O -analyzed O -the O -expression O -of O -autophagy O -associated O -gene O -, O -beclin O -1 O -using O -RT O -- O -PCR O -and O -Western O -blotting O -in O -an O -animal O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -3MA B-Chemical -significantly O -improved O -cardiac O -function O -and O -reduced O -mitochondrial O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -adriamycin B-Chemical -induced O -the O -formation O -of O -autophagic O -vacuoles O -, O -and O -3MA B-Chemical -strongly O -downregulated O -the O -expression O -of O -beclin O -1 O -in O -adriamycin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -failing O -heart O -and O -inhibited O -the O -formation O -of O -autophagic O -vacuoles O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Autophagic O -cardiomyocyte O -death O -plays O -an O -important O -role O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -heart O -failure O -in O -rats O -induced O -by O -adriamycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Mitochondrial O -injury O -may O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -progression O -of O -heart O -failure O -caused O -by O -adriamycin B-Chemical -via O -the O -autophagy O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -mToR O -inhibitors O -- O -induced O -proteinuria O -: O -mechanisms O -, O -significance O -, O -and O -management O -. O - -aps B-category -Massive O -urinary O -protein O -excretion O -has O -been O -observed O -after O -conversion O -from O -calcineurin O -inhibitors O -to O -mammalian O -target O -of O -rapamycin B-Chemical -( O -mToR O -) O -inhibitors O -, O -especially O -sirolimus B-Chemical -, O -in O -renal O -transplant O -recipients O -with O -chronic O -allograft O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -proteinuria O -is O -a O -major O -predictive O -factor O -of O -poor O -transplantation O -outcome O -, O -many O -studies O -focused O -on O -this O -adverse O -event O -during O -the O -past O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Whether O -proteinuria O -was O -due O -to O -sirolimus B-Chemical -or O -only O -a O -consequence O -of O -calcineurin O -inhibitors O -withdrawal O -remained O -unsolved O -until O -high O -range O -proteinuria O -has O -been O -observed O -during O -sirolimus B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -islet O -transplantation O -and O -in O -patients O -who O -received O -sirolimus B-Chemical -de O -novo O -. O - -aps B-category -Podocyte O -injury O -and O -focal O -segmental O -glomerulosclerosis O -have O -been O -related O -to O -mToR O -inhibition O -in O -some O -patients O -, O -but O -the O -pathways O -underlying O -these O -lesions O -remain O -hypothetic O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -discuss O -herein O -the O -possible O -mechanisms O -and O -the O -significance O -of O -mToR O -blockade O -- O -induced O -proteinuria O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuropsychiatric O -side O -effects O -after O -the O -use O -of O -mefloquine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -describes O -neuropsychiatric O -side O -effects O -in O -patients O -after O -treatment O -with O -mefloquine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Reactions O -consisted O -mainly O -of O -seizures O -, O -acute O -psychoses O -, O -anxiety O -neurosis O -, O -and O -major O -disturbances O -of O -sleep O -- O -wake O -rhythm O -. O - -aps B-category -Side O -effects O -occurred O -after O -both O -therapeutic O -and O -prophylactic O -intake O -and O -were O -graded O -from O -moderate O -to O -severe O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -risk O -analysis O -of O -neuropsychiatric O -side O -effects O -in O -Germany O -, O -it O -is O -estimated O -that O -one O -of O -8 O -, O -000 O -mefloquine B-Chemical -users O -suffers O -from O -such O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -calculation O -revealed O -that O -one O -of O -215 O -therapeutic O -users O -had O -reactions O -, O -compared O -with O -one O -of O -13 O -, O -000 O -in O -the O -prophylaxis O -group O -, O -making O -the O -risk O -of O -neuropsychiatric O -reactions O -after O -mefloquine B-Chemical -treatment O -60 O -times O -higher O -than O -after O -prophylaxis O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -certain O -limitations O -for O -malaria O -prophylaxis O -and O -treatment O -with O -mefloquine B-Chemical -are O -recommended O -. O - -aps B-category -Prenatal O -protein O -deprivation O -alters O -dopamine B-Chemical -- O -mediated O -behaviors O -and O -dopaminergic O -and O -glutamatergic O -receptor O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -Epidemiological O -evidence O -indicates O -that O -prenatal O -nutritional O -deprivation O -may O -increase O -the O -risk O -of O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -goal O -of O -these O -studies O -was O -to O -use O -an O -animal O -model O -to O -examine O -the O -effects O -of O -prenatal O -protein O -deprivation O -on O -behaviors O -and O -receptor O -binding O -with O -relevance O -to O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -that O -prenatally O -protein O -deprived O -( O -PD O -) O -female O -rats O -showed O -an O -increased O -stereotypic O -response O -to O -apomorphine B-Chemical -and O -an O -increased O -locomotor O -response O -to O -amphetamine B-Chemical -in O -adulthood O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -differences O -were O -not O -observed O -during O -puberty O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -changes O -in O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -catalepsy O -or O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -- O -induced O -locomotion O -were O -seen O -following O -PD O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -PD O -female O -rats O -showed O -increased O -( O -3 O -) O -H B-Chemical -- O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -binding O -in O -the O -striatum O -and O -hippocampus O -, O -but O -not O -in O -the O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -PD O -female O -rats O -also O -showed O -increased O -( O -3 O -) O -H B-Chemical -- O -haloperidol B-Chemical -binding O -and O -decreased O -dopamine B-Chemical -transporter O -binding O -in O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -statistically O -significant O -changes O -in O -behavior O -or O -receptor O -binding O -were O -found O -in O -PD O -males O -with O -the O -exception O -of O -increased O -( O -3 O -) O -H B-Chemical -- O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -binding O -in O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -animal O -model O -may O -be O -useful O -to O -explore O -the O -mechanisms O -by O -which O -prenatal O -nutritional O -deficiency O -enhances O -risk O -for O -schizophrenia O -in O -humans O -and O -may O -also O -have O -implications O -for O -developmental O -processes O -leading O -to O -differential O -sensitivity O -to O -drugs O -of O -abuse O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -effects O -of O -topical O -papaverine B-Chemical -on O -auditory O -nerve O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Papaverine B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -is O -a O -direct O -- O -acting O -vasodilator O -used O -to O -manage O -vasospasm O -during O -various O -neurosurgical O -operations O -. O - -aps B-category -Transient O -cranial O -nerve O -dysfunction O -has O -been O -described O -in O -a O -few O -cases O -with O -topical O -papaverine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -supports O -previous O -reports O -and O -provides O -neurophysiological O -evidence O -of O -an O -adverse O -effect O -on O -the O -auditory O -nerve O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -conducted O -a O -retrospective O -review O -of O -70 O -consecutive O -microvascular O -decompression O -operations O -and O -studied O -those O -patients O -who O -received O -topical O -papaverine B-Chemical -for O -vasospasm O -. O - -aps B-category -Topical O -papaverine B-Chemical -was O -used O -as O -a O -direct O -therapeutic O -action O -to O -manage O -vasospasm O -in O -a O -total O -of O -11 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -timing O -of O -papaverine B-Chemical -application O -and O -ongoing O -operative O -events O -was O -reviewed O -relative O -to O -changes O -in O -neurophysiological O -recordings O -. O - -aps B-category -Brainstem O -auditory O -evoked O -potentials O -( O -BAEPs O -) O -were O -routinely O -used O -to O -monitor O -cochlear O -nerve O -function O -during O -these O -operations O -. O - -aps B-category -FINDINGS O -: O -A O -temporal O -relationship O -was O -found O -between O -topical O -papaverine B-Chemical -and O -BAEP O -changes O -leading O -to O -complete O -waveform O -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -temporal O -delay O -between O -papaverine B-Chemical -and O -the O -onset O -of O -an O -adverse O -BAEP O -change O -was O -5 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -10 O -of O -11 O -patients O -, O -BAEP O -waves O -II O -/ O -III O -- O -V O -completely O -disappeared O -within O -2 O -to O -25 O -min O -after O -papaverine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -of O -these O -10 O -patients O -had O -complete O -loss O -of O -BAEP O -waveforms O -within O -10 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -patient O -showed O -no O -recovery O -of O -later O -waves O -and O -a O -delayed O -profound O -sensorineural O -hearing O -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -recovery O -time O -of O -BAEP O -waveforms O -to O -pre O -- O -papaverine B-Chemical -baseline O -values O -was O -39 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Topical O -papaverine B-Chemical -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -vasospasm O -was O -associated O -with O -the O -onset O -of O -a O -transient O -disturbance O -in O -neurophysiological O -function O -of O -the O -ascending O -auditory O -brainstem O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -complete O -disappearance O -of O -BAEP O -waveforms O -with O -a O -consistent O -temporal O -delay O -suggests O -a O -possible O -adverse O -effect O -on O -the O -proximal O -eighth O -nerve O -. O - -aps B-category -Recommendations O -to O -avoid O -potential O -cranial O -nerve O -deficits O -from O -papaverine B-Chemical -are O -provided O -. O - -aps B-category -Simvastatin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ezetimibe I-Chemical -- O -induced O -hepatic O -failure O -necessitating O -liver O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -Abstract O -Serum O -aminotransferase O -elevations O -are O -a O -commonly O -known O -adverse O -effect O -of O -3 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -3 O -- O -methylglutaryl O -coenzyme O -A O -reductase O -inhibitor O -( O -statin B-Chemical -) O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -hepatotoxic O -events O -have O -not O -been O -widely O -published O -with O -ezetimibe B-Chemical -or O -the O -combination O -agent O -simvastatin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ezetimibe I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -70 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -Hispanic O -woman O -who O -developed O -fulminant O -hepatic O -failure O -necessitating O -liver O -transplantation O -10 O -weeks O -after O -conversion O -from O -simvastatin B-Chemical -40 O -mg O -/ O -day O -to O -simvastatin B-Chemical -10 I-Chemical -mg I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ezetimibe I-Chemical -40 I-Chemical -mg I-Chemical -/ O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -' O -s O -lipid O -panel O -had O -been O -maintained O -with O -simvastatin B-Chemical -for O -18 O -months O -before O -the O -conversion O -without O -evidence O -of O -hepatotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -routine O -laboratory O -work O -- O -up O -10 O -weeks O -after O -conversion O -revealed O -elevated O -serum O -aminotransferase O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Simvastatinezetimibe B-Chemical -and O -escitalopram B-Chemical -( O -which O -she O -was O -taking O -for O -depression O -) O -were O -discontinued O -, O -and O -other O -potential O -causes O -of O -hepatotoxicity O -were O -excluded O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -repeat O -work O -- O -up O -revealed O -further O -elevations O -in O -aminotransferase O -levels O -, O -and O -liver O -biopsy O -revealed O -evidence O -of O -moderate O -- O -to O -- O -severe O -drug O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -underwent O -liver O -transplantation O -with O -an O -uneventful O -postoperative O -course O -. O - -aps B-category -Her O -aminotransferase O -levels O -returned O -to O -normal O -by O -postoperative O -day O -23 O -, O -and O -her O -2 O -- O -year O -follow O -- O -up O -showed O -no O -adverse O -events O -. O - -aps B-category -Ezetimibe B-Chemical -undergoes O -extensive O -glucuronidation O -by O -uridine B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -glucoronosyltransferases O -( O -UGT O -) O -in O -the O -intestine O -and O -liver O -and O -may O -have O -inhibited O -the O -glucuronidation O -of O -simvastatin B-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -resulting O -in O -increased O -simvastatin B-Chemical -exposure O -and O -subsequent O -hepatotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -our O -knowledge O -, O -this O -is O -the O -first O -case O -report O -of O -simvastatin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ezetimibe I-Chemical -- O -induced O -liver O -failure O -that O -resulted O -in O -liver O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -postulate O -that O -the O -mechanism O -of O -the O -simvastatinezetimibe B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hepatotoxicity O -is O -the O -increased O -simvastatin B-Chemical -exposure O -by O -ezetimibe B-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -UGT O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinicians O -should O -be O -aware O -of O -potential O -hepatotoxicity O -with O -simvastatin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ezetimibe I-Chemical -especially O -in O -elderly O -patients O -and O -should O -carefully O -monitor O -serum O -aminotransferase O -levels O -when O -starting O -therapy O -and O -titrating O -the O -dosage O -. O - -aps B-category -Massive O -proteinuria O -and O -acute O -renal O -failure O -after O -oral O -bisphosphonate B-Chemical -( O -alendronate B-Chemical -) O -administration O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -focal O -segmental O -glomerulosclerosis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -61 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -Japanese O -man O -with O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -due O -to O -focal O -segmental O -glomerulosclerosis O -was O -initially O -responding O -well O -to O -steroid B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -of O -daily O -urinary O -protein O -decreased O -from O -15 O -. O -6 O -to O -2 O -. O -8 O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -14 O -days O -of O -the O -oral O -bisphosphonate B-Chemical -( O -alendronate B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -) O -administration O -, O -the O -amount O -of O -daily O -urinary O -protein O -increased O -rapidly O -up O -to O -12 O -. O -8 O -g O -with O -acute O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -discontinuing O -the O -oral O -alendronate B-Chemical -, O -the O -patient O -underwent O -six O -cycles O -of O -hemodialysis O -and O -four O -cycles O -of O -LDL O -apheresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -volume O -and O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -levels O -recovered O -to O -the O -normal O -range O -, O -with O -urinary O -protein O -disappearing O -completely O -within O -40 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -report O -demonstrates O -that O -not O -only O -intravenous O -, O -but O -also O -oral O -bisphosphonates B-Chemical -can O -aggravate O -proteinuria O -and O -acute O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -- O -and O -glucocorticoid O -- O -inducible O -kinase O -1 O -in O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Doxorubicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephropathy O -leads O -to O -epithelial O -sodium B-Chemical -channel O -( O -ENaC O -) O -- O -dependent O -volume O -retention O -and O -renal O -fibrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aldosterone B-Chemical -- O -sensitive O -serum O -- O -and O -glucocorticoid O -- O -inducible O -kinase O -SGK1 O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -participate O -in O -the O -stimulation O -of O -ENaC O -and O -to O -mediate O -renal O -fibrosis O -following O -mineralocorticoid O -and O -salt O -excess O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -performed O -to O -elucidate O -the O -role O -of O -SGK1 O -in O -the O -volume O -retention O -and O -fibrosis O -during O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -this O -end O -, O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -15 O -mug O -/ O -g O -body O -wt O -) O -was O -injected O -intravenously O -into O -gene O -- O -targeted O -mice O -lacking O -SGK1 O -( O -sgk1 O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -) O -and O -their O -wild O -- O -type O -littermates O -( O -sgk1 O -( O -+ O -/ O -+ O -) O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Doxorubicin B-Chemical -treatment O -resulted O -in O -heavy O -proteinuria O -( O -> O -100 O -mg O -protein O -/ O -mg O -crea O -) O -in O -15 O -/ O -44 O -of O -sgk1 O -( O -+ O -/ O -+ O -) O -and O -15 O -/ O -44 O -of O -sgk1 O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -leading O -to O -severe O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -with O -ascites O -, O -lipidemia O -, O -and O -hypoalbuminemia O -in O -both O -genotypes O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -aldosterone B-Chemical -levels O -increased O -in O -nephrotic O -mice O -of O -both O -genotypes O -and O -was O -followed O -by O -increased O -SGK1 O -protein O -expression O -in O -sgk1 O -( O -+ O -/ O -+ O -) O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -reached O -signficantly O -lower O -values O -in O -sgk1 O -( O -+ O -/ O -+ O -) O -mice O -( O -15 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -mumol O -/ O -mg O -crea O -) O -than O -in O -sgk1 O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -( O -35 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -mumol O -/ O -mg O -crea O -) O -and O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -significantly O -higher O -body O -weight O -gain O -in O -sgk1 O -( O -+ O -/ O -+ O -) O -compared O -with O -sgk1 O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -( O -+ O -6 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -vs O -. O -+ O -4 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -8 O -g O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -course O -of O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -, O -serum O -urea B-Chemical -concentrations O -increased O -significantly O -faster O -in O -sgk1 O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -than O -in O -sgk1 O -( O -+ O -/ O -+ O -) O -mice O -leading O -to O -uremia O -and O -a O -reduced O -median O -survival O -in O -sgk1 O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -( O -29 O -vs O -. O -40 O -days O -in O -sgk1 O -( O -+ O -/ O -+ O -) O -mice O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -gene O -- O -targeted O -mice O -lacking O -SGK1 O -showed O -blunted O -volume O -retention O -, O -yet O -were O -not O -protected O -against O -renal O -fibrosis O -during O -experimental O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -thrombocytopenia O -and O -haemolytic O -anaemia O -associated O -with O -ciprofloxacin B-Chemical -: O -a O -case O -report O -with O -fatal O -outcome O -. O - -aps B-category -Haematological O -adverse O -reactions O -associated O -with O -fatal O -outcome O -are O -rare O -during O -treatment O -with O -ciprofloxacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -30 O -- O -year O -old O -Caucasian O -man O -reported O -with O -abdominal O -pain O -and O -jaundice O -after O -3 O -- O -day O -administration O -of O -oral O -ciprofloxacin B-Chemical -for O -a O -suspect O -of O -urinary O -tract O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -evaluations O -suggested O -an O -initial O -diagnosis O -of O -severe O -thrombocytopenia O -and O -haemolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -progressively O -developed O -petechiae O -and O -purpura O -on O -thorax O -and O -lower O -limbs O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -pharmacological O -and O -supportive O -interventions O -, O -laboratory O -parameters O -worsened O -and O -the O -patient O -died O -17 O -hours O -after O -admission O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -accurate O -autopsy O -revealed O -most O -organs O -with O -diffuse O -petechial O -haemorrhages O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -signs O -of O -bone O -marrow O -depression O -were O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -thrombi O -or O -signs O -of O -microangiopathies O -were O -observed O -in O -arterial O -vessels O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -and O -urine O -cultures O -did O -not O -show O -any O -bacterial O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -report O -shows O -that O -ciprofloxacin B-Chemical -may O -precipitate O -life O -- O -threatening O -thrombocytopenia O -and O -haemolytic O -anaemia O -, O -even O -in O -the O -early O -phases O -of O -treatment O -and O -without O -apparent O -previous O -exposures O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lipoic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -prevents O -mitochondrial O -damage O -and O -neurotoxicity O -in O -experimental O -chemotherapy O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -investigates O -if O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lipoic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -is O -neuroprotective O -against O -chemotherapy O -induced O -neurotoxicity O -, O -if O -mitochondrial O -damage O -plays O -a O -critical O -role O -in O -toxic O -neurodegenerative O -cascade O -, O -and O -if O -neuroprotective O -effects O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lipoic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -depend O -on O -mitochondria O -protection O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -used O -an O -in O -vitro O -model O -of O -chemotherapy O -induced O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -that O -closely O -mimic O -the O -in O -vivo O -condition O -by O -exposing O -primary O -cultures O -of O -dorsal O -root O -ganglion O -( O -DRG O -) O -sensory O -neurons O -to O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -and O -cisplatin B-Chemical -, O -two O -widely O -used O -and O -highly O -effective O -chemotherapeutic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -approach O -allowed O -investigating O -the O -efficacy O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lipoic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -preventing O -axonal O -damage O -and O -apoptosis O -and O -the O -function O -and O -ultrastructural O -morphology O -of O -mitochondria O -after O -exposure O -to O -toxic O -agents O -and O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lipoic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -demonstrate O -that O -both O -cisplatin B-Chemical -and O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -cause O -early O -mitochondrial O -impairment O -with O -loss O -of O -membrane O -potential O -and O -induction O -of O -autophagic O -vacuoles O -in O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lipoic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -exerts O -neuroprotective O -effects O -against O -chemotherapy O -induced O -neurotoxicity O -in O -sensory O -neurons O -: O -it O -rescues O -the O -mitochondrial O -toxicity O -and O -induces O -the O -expression O -of O -frataxin O -, O -an O -essential O -mitochondrial O -protein O -with O -anti O -- O -oxidant O -and O -chaperone O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -mitochondrial O -toxicity O -is O -an O -early O -common O -event O -both O -in O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -and O -cisplatin B-Chemical -induced O -neurotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lipoic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -protects O -sensory O -neurons O -through O -its O -anti O -- O -oxidant O -and O -mitochondrial O -regulatory O -functions O -, O -possibly O -inducing O -the O -expression O -of O -frataxin O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lipoic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -might O -reduce O -the O -risk O -of O -developing O -peripheral O -nerve O -toxicity O -in O -patients O -undergoing O -chemotherapy O -and O -encourage O -further O -confirmatory O -clinical O -trials O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxicity O -in O -rhesus O -monkeys O -following O -administration O -of O -the O -8 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminoquinoline I-Chemical -8 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylbutyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hexyloxy I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylquinoline I-Chemical -( O -WR242511 B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -INTRODUCTION O -: O -Many O -substances O -that O -form O -methemoglobin O -( O -MHb O -) O -effectively O -counter O -cyanide O -( O -CN O -) O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -MHb O -formers O -are O -generally O -applied O -as O -treatments O -for O -CN O -poisoning O -, O -it O -has O -been O -proposed O -that O -a O -stable O -, O -long O -- O -acting O -MHb O -former O -could O -serve O -as O -a O -CN O -pretreatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -this O -rationale O -, O -the O -8 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminoquinoline I-Chemical -WR242511 B-Chemical -, O -a O -potent O -long O -- O -lasting O -MHb O -former O -in O -rodents O -and O -beagle O -dogs O -, O -was O -studied O -in O -the O -rhesus O -monkey O -for O -advanced O -development O -as O -a O -potential O -CN O -pretreatment O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -In O -this O -study O -, O -WR242511 B-Chemical -was O -administered O -intravenously O -( O -IV O -) O -in O -2 O -female O -and O -4 O -male O -rhesus O -monkeys O -in O -doses O -of O -3 O -. O -5 O -and O -/ O -or O -7 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -; O -a O -single O -male O -also O -received O -WR242511 B-Chemical -orally O -( O -PO O -) O -at O -7 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Health O -status O -and O -MHb O -levels O -were O -monitored O -following O -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -selected O -doses O -of O -WR242511 B-Chemical -, O -which O -produced O -significant O -methemoglobinemia O -in O -beagle O -dogs O -in O -earlier O -studies O -conducted O -elsewhere O -, O -produced O -very O -little O -MHb O -( O -mean O -< O -2 O -. O -0 O -% O -) O -in O -the O -rhesus O -monkey O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -transient O -hemoglobinuria O -was O -noted O -approximately O -60 O -minutes O -postinjection O -of O -WR242511 B-Chemical -( O -3 O -. O -5 O -or O -7 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -and O -2 O -lethalities O -occurred O -( O -one O -IV O -and O -one O -PO O -) O -following O -the O -7 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Myoglobinuria O -was O -also O -observed O -following O -the O -7 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Histopathology O -analyses O -in O -the O -2 O -animals O -that O -died O -revealed O -liver O -and O -kidney O -toxicity O -, O -with O -greater O -severity O -in O -the O -orally O -- O -treated O -animal O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -These O -data O -demonstrate O -direct O -and O -/ O -or O -indirect O -drug O -- O -induced O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -WR242511 B-Chemical -should O -not O -be O -pursued O -as O -a O -pretreatment O -for O -CN O -poisoning O -unless O -the O -anti O -- O -CN O -characteristics O -of O -this O -compound O -can O -be O -successfully O -dissociated O -from O -those O -producing O -undesirable O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Repetitive O -transcranial O -magnetic O -stimulation O -for O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -, O -single O -- O -blinded O -, O -crossover O -study O -, O -we O -assessed O -the O -effect O -of O -" O -real O -" O -repetitive O -transcranial O -magnetic O -stimulation O -( O -rTMS O -) O -versus O -" O -sham O -" O -rTMS O -( O -placebo O -) O -on O -peak O -dose O -dyskinesias O -in O -patients O -with O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -( O -PD O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -patients O -with O -PD O -and O -prominent O -dyskinesias O -had O -rTMS O -( O -1 O -, O -800 O -pulses O -; O -1 O -Hz O -rate O -) O -delivered O -over O -the O -motor O -cortex O -for O -4 O -consecutive O -days O -twice O -, O -once O -real O -stimuli O -and O -once O -sham O -stimulation O -were O -used O -; O -evaluations O -were O -done O -at O -the O -baseline O -and O -1 O -day O -after O -the O -end O -of O -each O -of O -the O -treatment O -series O -. O - -aps B-category -Direct O -comparison O -between O -sham O -and O -real O -rTMS O -effects O -showed O -no O -significant O -difference O -in O -clinician O -- O -assessed O -dyskinesia O -severity O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -comparison O -with O -the O -baseline O -showed O -small O -but O -significant O -reduction O -in O -dyskinesia O -severity O -following O -real O -rTMS O -but O -not O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -effect O -was O -on O -dystonia O -subscore O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -in O -patient O -diaries O -, O -although O -both O -treatments O -caused O -reduction O -in O -subjective O -dyskinesia O -scores O -during O -the O -days O -of O -intervention O -, O -the O -effect O -was O -sustained O -for O -3 O -days O -after O -the O -intervention O -for O -the O -real O -rTMS O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -rTMS O -, O -no O -side O -effects O -and O -no O -adverse O -effects O -on O -motor O -function O -and O -PD O -symptoms O -were O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -the O -existence O -of O -residual O -beneficial O -clinical O -aftereffects O -of O -consecutive O -daily O -applications O -of O -low O -- O -frequency O -rTMS O -on O -dyskinesias O -in O -PD O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -may O -be O -further O -exploited O -for O -potential O -therapeutic O -uses O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracavernous O -epinephrine B-Chemical -: O -a O -minimally O -invasive O -treatment O -for O -priapism O -in O -the O -emergency O -department O -. O - -aps B-category -Priapism O -is O -the O -prolonged O -erection O -of O -the O -penis O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -sexual O -arousal O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -45 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -, O -an O -admitted O -frequent O -cocaine B-Chemical -user O -, O -presented O -to O -the O -Emergency O -Department O -( O -ED O -) O -on O -two O -separate O -occasions O -with O -a O -history O -of O -priapism O -after O -cocaine B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -management O -options O -in O -the O -ED O -, O -as O -exemplified O -by O -four O -individual O -case O -reports O -, O -in O -particular O -the O -use O -of O -a O -minimally O -invasive O -method O -of O -intracorporal O -epinephrine B-Chemical -instillation O -, O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Prophylactic O -use O -of O -lamivudine B-Chemical -with O -chronic O -immunosuppressive O -therapy O -for O -rheumatologic O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -objective O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -report O -our O -experience O -concerning O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -the O -prophylactic O -administration O -of O -lamivudine B-Chemical -in O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -virus I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -) O -positive O -patients O -with O -rheumatologic O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -June O -2004 O -to O -October O -2006 O -, O -11 O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -positive O -patients O -with O -rheumatologic O -diseases O -, O -who O -were O -on O -both O -immunosuppressive O -and O -prophylactic O -lamivudine B-Chemical -therapies O -, O -were O -retrospectively O -assessed O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -function O -tests O -, O -hepatitis O -B O -virus O -( O -HBV O -) O -serologic O -markers O -, O -and O -HBV O -DNA O -levels O -of O -the O -patients O -during O -follow O -- O -up O -were O -obtained O -from O -hospital O -file O -records O -. O - -aps B-category -Eleven O -patients O -( O -six O -male O -) O -with O -median O -age O -47 O -years O -( O -range O -27 O -- O -73 O -) O -, O -median O -disease O -duration O -50 O -months O -( O -range O -9 O -- O -178 O -) O -and O -median O -follow O -- O -up O -period O -of O -patients O -13 O -. O -8 O -months O -( O -range O -5 O -- O -27 O -) O -were O -enrolled O -in O -this O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Lamivudine B-Chemical -therapy O -was O -started O -3 O -- O -7 O -days O -prior O -to O -immunosuppressive O -therapy O -in O -all O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Baseline O -, O -liver O -function O -tests O -were O -elevated O -in O -two O -patients O -( O -fourth O -patient O -: O -ALT O -: O -122 O -IU O -/ O -l O -, O -AST O -: O -111 O -IU O -/ O -l O -, O -tenth O -patient O -: O -ALT O -: O -294 O -IU O -/ O -l O -, O -AST O -: O -274 O -IU O -/ O -l O -, O -with O -minimal O -changes O -in O -the O -liver O -biopsy O -in O -both O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Shortly O -after O -treatment O -their O -tests O -normalized O -and O -during O -follow O -- O -up O -period O -none O -of O -the O -patients O -had O -abnormal O -liver O -function O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -four O -patients O -HBV O -DNA O -levels O -were O -higher O -than O -normal O -at O -baseline O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -of O -these O -normalized O -and O -the O -others O -increased O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -three O -additional O -patients O -, O -HBV O -DNA O -levels O -were O -increased O -during O -follow O -- O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -patients O -had O -significant O -clinical O -sings O -of O -HBV O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -Lamivudine B-Chemical -was O -well O -tolerated O -and O -was O -continued O -in O -all O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Prophylactic O -administration O -of O -lamivudine B-Chemical -in O -patients O -who O -required O -immunosuppressive O -therapy O -seems O -to O -be O -safe O -, O -well O -tolerated O -and O -effective O -in O -preventing O -HBV O -reactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -green B-Chemical -tea I-Chemical -and O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -combination O -in O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -induced O -myocardial O -infarction O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -aimed O -to O -investigate O -the O -combined O -effects O -of O -green B-Chemical -tea I-Chemical -and O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -on O -heart O -weight O -, O -body O -weight O -, O -serum O -marker O -enzymes O -, O -lipid O -peroxidation O -, O -endogenous O -antioxidants O -and O -membrane O -bound O -ATPases O -in O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -ISO B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -myocardial O -infarction O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Adult O -male O -albino O -rats O -, O -treated O -with O -ISO B-Chemical -( O -200 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -for O -2 O -days O -at O -an O -interval O -of O -24 O -h O -caused O -a O -significant O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -elevation O -of O -heart O -weight O -, O -serum O -marker O -enzymes O -, O -lipid O -peroxidation O -and O -Ca B-Chemical -+ O -2 O -ATPase O -level O -whereas O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -decrease O -in O -body O -weight O -, O -endogenous O -antioxidants O -, O -Na B-Chemical -+ O -/ O -K B-Chemical -+ O -ATPase O -and O -Mg B-Chemical -+ O -2 O -ATPase O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -green B-Chemical -tea I-Chemical -( O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -, O -p O -. O -o O -. O -) O -and O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -( O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -, O -p O -. O -o O -. O -) O -together O -for O -30 O -consecutive O -days O -and O -challenged O -with O -ISO B-Chemical -on O -the O -day O -29th O -and O -30th O -, O -showed O -a O -significant O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -decrease O -in O -heart O -weight O -, O -serum O -marker O -enzymes O -, O -lipid O -peroxidation O -, O -Ca B-Chemical -+ O -2 O -ATPase O -and O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -body O -weight O -, O -endogenous O -antioxidants O -, O -Na B-Chemical -+ O -/ O -K B-Chemical -+ O -ATPase O -and O -Mg B-Chemical -+ O -2 O -ATPase O -when O -compared O -with O -ISO B-Chemical -treated O -group O -and O -green B-Chemical -tea I-Chemical -or O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -alone O -treated O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -indicate O -the O -synergistic O -protective O -effect O -of O -green B-Chemical -tea I-Chemical -and O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -during O -ISO B-Chemical -induced O -myocardial O -infarction O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Irreversible O -damage O -to O -the O -medullary O -interstitium O -in O -experimental O -analgesic O -nephropathy O -in O -F344 O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -papillary O -necrosis O -( O -RPN O -) O -and O -a O -decreased O -urinary O -concentrating O -ability O -developed O -during O -continuous O -long O -- O -term O -treatment O -with O -aspirin B-Chemical -and O -paracetamol B-Chemical -in O -female O -Fischer O -344 O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -structure O -and O -concentrating O -ability O -were O -examined O -after O -a O -recovery O -period O -of O -up O -to O -18 O -weeks O -, O -when O -no O -analgesics O -were O -given O -, O -to O -investigate O -whether O -the O -analgesic O -- O -induced O -changes O -were O -reversible O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -evidence O -of O -repair O -to O -the O -damaged O -medullary O -interstitial O -matrix O -, O -or O -proliferation O -of O -remaining O -undamaged O -type O -1 O -medullary O -interstitial O -cells O -after O -the O -recovery O -period O -following O -analgesic O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -recovery O -of O -urinary O -concentrating O -ability O -was O -related O -to O -the O -length O -of O -analgesic O -treatment O -and O -the O -extent O -of O -the O -resulting O -inner O -medullary O -structural O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -early O -stages O -of O -analgesic O -treatment O -, O -the O -changes O -in O -urinary O -concentrating O -ability O -were O -reversible O -, O -but O -after O -prolonged O -analgesic O -treatment O -, O -maximum O -urinary O -concentrating O -ability O -failed O -to O -recover O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -shows O -that O -prolonged O -analgesic O -treatment O -in O -Fischer O -344 O -rats O -causes O -progressive O -and O -irreversible O -damage O -to O -the O -interstitial O -matrix O -and O -type O -1 O -interstitial O -cells O -leading O -to O -RPN O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -associated O -urinary O -concentrating O -defect O -is O -reversible O -only O -during O -the O -early O -stages O -of O -structural O -damage O -to O -the O -inner O -medulla O -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -- O -dependent O -hypertension O -and O -upregulation O -of O -intrarenal O -angiotensinogen O -in O -Dahl O -salt B-Chemical -- O -sensitive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -pressure O -( O -BP O -) O -is O -more O -salt B-Chemical -sensitive O -in O -men O -than O -in O -premenopausal O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Dahl O -salt B-Chemical -- O -sensitive O -rats O -( O -DS O -) O -, O -high O -- O -salt B-Chemical -( O -HS O -) O -diet O -increases O -BP O -more O -in O -males O -than O -females O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -to O -the O -systemic O -renin O -- O -angiotensin B-Chemical -system O -, O -which O -is O -suppressed O -in O -response O -to O -HS O -in O -male O -DS O -, O -intrarenal O -angiotensinogen O -expression O -is O -increased O -, O -and O -intrarenal O -levels O -of O -ANG O -II O -are O -not O -suppressed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -the O -hypothesis O -was O -tested O -that O -there O -is O -a O -sexual O -dimorphism O -in O -HS O -- O -induced O -upregulation O -of O -intrarenal O -angiotensinogen O -mediated O -by O -testosterone B-Chemical -that O -also O -causes O -increases O -in O -BP O -and O -renal O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -a O -low O -- O -salt B-Chemical -( O -LS O -) O -diet O -, O -male O -DS O -had O -higher O -levels O -of O -intrarenal O -angiotensinogen O -mRNA O -than O -females O -. O - -aps B-category -HS O -diet O -for O -4 O -wk O -increased O -renal O -cortical O -angiotensinogen O -mRNA O -and O -protein O -only O -in O -male O -DS O -, O -which O -was O -prevented O -by O -castration O -. O - -aps B-category -Ovariectomy O -of O -female O -DS O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -intrarenal O -angiotensinogen O -expression O -on O -either O -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -Radiotelemetric O -BP O -was O -similar O -between O -males O -and O -castrated O -rats O -on O -LS O -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -HS O -diet O -for O -4 O -wk O -caused O -a O -progressive O -increase O -in O -BP O -, O -protein O -and O -albumin O -excretion O -, O -and O -glomerular O -sclerosis O -in O -male O -DS O -rats O -, O -which O -were O -attenuated O -by O -castration O -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -replacement O -in O -castrated O -DS O -rats O -increased O -BP O -, O -renal O -injury O -, O -and O -upregulation O -of O -renal O -angiotensinogen O -associated O -with O -HS O -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -contributes O -to O -the O -development O -of O -hypertension O -and O -renal O -injury O -in O -male O -DS O -rats O -on O -HS O -diet O -possibly O -through O -upregulation O -of O -the O -intrarenal O -renin O -- O -angiotensin B-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Explicit O -episodic O -memory O -for O -sensory O -- O -discriminative O -components O -of O -capsaicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -pain O -: O -immediate O -and O -delayed O -ratings O -. O - -aps B-category -Pain O -memory O -is O -thought O -to O -affect O -future O -pain O -sensitivity O -and O -thus O -contribute O -to O -clinical O -pain O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Systematic O -investigations O -of O -the O -human O -capacity O -to O -remember O -sensory O -features O -of O -experimental O -pain O -are O -sparse O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -address O -long O -- O -term O -pain O -memory O -, O -nine O -healthy O -male O -volunteers O -received O -intradermal O -injections O -of O -three O -doses O -of O -capsaicin B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -05 O -, O -1 O -and O -20 O -microg O -, O -separated O -by O -15 O -min O -breaks O -) O -, O -each O -given O -three O -times O -in O -a O -balanced O -design O -across O -three O -sessions O -at O -one O -week O -intervals O -. O - -aps B-category -Pain O -rating O -was O -performed O -using O -a O -computerized O -visual O -analogue O -scale O -( O -0 O -- O -100 O -) O -digitized O -at O -1 O -/ O -s O -, O -either O -immediately O -online O -or O -one O -hour O -or O -one O -day O -after O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Subjects O -also O -recalled O -their O -pains O -one O -week O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -Capsaicin B-Chemical -injection O -reliably O -induced O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -flare O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -without O -any O -difference O -within O -or O -across O -sessions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -strong O -burning O -pain O -decayed O -exponentially O -within O -a O -few O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -Subjects O -were O -able O -to O -reliably O -discriminate O -pain O -magnitude O -and O -duration O -across O -capsaicin B-Chemical -doses O -( O -both O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -regardless O -of O -whether O -first O -- O -time O -ratings O -were O -requested O -immediately O -, O -after O -one O -hour O -or O -after O -one O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -Pain O -recall O -after O -one O -week O -was O -similarly O -precise O -( O -magnitude O -: O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -, O -duration O -: O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Correlation O -with O -rating O -recall O -after O -one O -week O -was O -best O -when O -first O -- O -time O -ratings O -were O -requested O -as O -late O -as O -one O -day O -after O -injection O -( O -R O -( O -2 O -) O -= O -0 O -. O -79 O -) O -indicating O -that O -both O -rating O -retrievals O -utilized O -similar O -memory O -traces O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -a O -reliable O -memory O -for O -magnitude O -and O -duration O -of O -experimentally O -induced O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -further O -suggest O -that O -the O -consolidation O -of O -this O -memory O -is O -an O -important O -interim O -stage O -, O -and O -may O -take O -up O -to O -one O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -and O -long O -lasting O -cholestasis O -after O -high O -- O -dose O -co B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trimoxazole I-Chemical -treatment O -for O -Pneumocystis O -pneumonia O -in O -HIV O -- O -infected O -patients O -- O -- O -a O -report O -of O -two O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Pneumocystis O -pneumonia O -( O -PCP O -) O -, O -a O -common O -opportunistic O -infection O -in O -HIV O -- O -infected O -individuals O -, O -is O -generally O -treated O -with O -high O -doses O -of O -co B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trimoxazole I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -treatment O -is O -often O -limited O -by O -adverse O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -, O -we O -report O -two O -cases O -of O -severely O -immunocompromised O -HIV O -- O -infected O -patients O -who O -developed O -severe O -intrahepatic O -cholestasis O -, O -and O -in O -one O -patient O -lesions O -mimicking O -liver O -abscess O -formation O -on O -radiologic O -exams O -, O -during O -co B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trimoxazole I-Chemical -treatment O -for O -PCP O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -patient O -1 O -showed O -lesions O -of O -up O -to O -1 O -cm O -readily O -detectable O -on O -magnetic O -resonance O -imaging O -under O -prolonged O -co B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trimoxazole I-Chemical -treatment O -, O -therapy O -of O -patient O -2 O -was O -switched O -early O -. O - -aps B-category -Bradykinin B-Chemical -receptors O -antagonists O -and O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -synthase O -inhibitors O -in O -vincristine B-Chemical -and O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -induced O -hyperalgesia O -in O -chemotherapy O -and O -diabetic O -neuropathy O -rat O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -The O -influence O -of O -an O -irreversible O -inhibitor O -of O -constitutive O -NO B-Chemical -synthase O -( O -L O -- O -NOArg O -; O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -ip O -) O -, O -a O -relatively O -selective O -inhibitor O -of O -inducible O -NO B-Chemical -synthase O -( O -L O -- O -NIL O -; O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -ip O -) O -and O -a O -relatively O -specific O -inhibitor O -of O -neuronal O -NO B-Chemical -synthase O -( O -7 O -- O -NI O -; O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -ip O -) O -, O -on O -antihyperalgesic O -action O -of O -selective O -antagonists O -of O -B2 O -and O -B1 O -receptors O -: O -D O -- O -Arg O -- O -[ O -Hyp3 O -, O -Thi5 O -, O -D O -- O -Tic7 O -, O -Oic8 O -] O -bradykinin B-Chemical -( O -HOE B-Chemical -140 I-Chemical -; O -70 O -nmol O -/ O -kg O -ip O -) O -or O -des B-Chemical -Arg10 I-Chemical -HOE I-Chemical -140 I-Chemical -( O -70 O -nmol O -/ O -kg O -ip O -) O -respectively O -, O -in O -model O -of O -diabetic O -( O -streptozotocin O -- O -induced O -) O -and O -toxic O -( O -vincristine O -- O -induced O -) O -neuropathy O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -The O -changes O -in O -pain O -thresholds O -were O -determined O -using O -mechanical O -stimuli O -- O -- O -the O -modification O -of O -the O -classic O -paw O -withdrawal O -test O -described O -by O -Randall O -- O -Selitto O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -results O -of O -this O -paper O -confirm O -that O -inhibition O -of O -bradykinin B-Chemical -receptors O -and O -inducible O -NO B-Chemical -synthase O -but O -not O -neuronal O -NO B-Chemical -synthase O -activity O -reduces O -diabetic O -hyperalgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -L O -- O -NOArg O -and O -L O -- O -NIL O -but O -not O -7 O -- O -NI O -, O -significantly O -increases O -antihyperalgesic O -activity O -both O -HOE B-Chemical -140 I-Chemical -and O -des B-Chemical -Arg10 I-Chemical -HOE I-Chemical -140 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -also O -shown O -that O -both O -products O -of O -inducible O -NO B-Chemical -synthase O -and O -neuronal O -NO B-Chemical -synthase O -activation O -as O -well O -as O -bradykinin B-Chemical -are O -involved O -in O -hyperalgesia O -produced O -by O -vincristine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -L O -- O -NOArg O -and O -7 O -- O -NI O -but O -not O -L O -- O -NIL O -intensify O -antihyperalgesic O -activity O -of O -HOE B-Chemical -140 I-Chemical -or O -des B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Arg10HOE I-Chemical -140 I-Chemical -in O -toxic O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Results O -of O -these O -studies O -suggest O -that O -B1 O -and O -B2 O -receptors O -are O -engaged O -in O -transmission O -of O -nociceptive O -stimuli O -in O -both O -diabetic O -and O -toxic O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperalgesia O -, O -inducible O -NO B-Chemical -synthase O -participates O -in O -pronociceptive O -activity O -of O -bradykinin B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -in O -vincristine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperalgesia O -bradykinin B-Chemical -seemed O -to O -activate O -neuronal O -NO B-Chemical -synthase O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -concomitant O -administration O -of O -small O -doses O -of O -bradykinin B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonists O -and O -NO B-Chemical -synthase O -inhibitors O -can O -be O -effective O -in O -alleviation O -of O -neuropathic O -pain O -, O -even O -in O -hospital O -care O -. O - -aps B-category -Confusion O -, O -a O -rather O -serious O -adverse O -drug O -reaction O -with O -valproic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -: O -a O -review O -of O -the O -French O -Pharmacovigilance O -database O -. O - -aps B-category -INTRODUCTION O -: O -Confusion O -is O -an O -adverse O -drug O -reaction O -frequently O -observed O -with O -valproic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -case O -reports O -are O -published O -in O -the O -literature O -but O -no O -systematic O -study O -from O -a O -sample O -of O -patients O -has O -been O -published O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -performed O -this O -study O -in O -order O -to O -describe O -the O -main O -characteristics O -of O -this O -adverse O -drug O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Using O -the O -French O -Pharmacovigilance O -database O -, O -we O -selected O -the O -cases O -of O -confusion O -reported O -since O -1985 O -with O -valproic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -272 O -cases O -of O -confusion O -were O -reported O -with O -valproic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -: O -153 O -women O -and O -119 O -men O -. O - -aps B-category -Confusion O -mostly O -occurred O -during O -the O -two O -first O -weeks O -following O -valproic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -exposure O -( O -39 O -. O -7 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -" O -serious O -" O -for O -almost O -2 O -/ O -3 O -of O -the O -patients O -( O -62 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -and O -its O -outcome O -favourable O -in O -most O -of O -the O -cases O -( O -82 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -occurrence O -of O -this O -ADR O -was O -more O -frequent O -in O -patients O -aged O -between O -61 O -and O -80 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -This O -work O -shows O -that O -confusion O -with O -valproic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -is O -a O -serious O -, O -rather O -frequent O -but O -reversible O -adverse O -drug O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -occurs O -especially O -in O -older O -patients O -and O -during O -the O -first O -two O -weeks O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversible O -inferior O -colliculus O -lesion O -in O -metronidazole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -encephalopathy O -: O -magnetic O -resonance O -findings O -on O -diffusion O -- O -weighted O -and O -fluid O -attenuated O -inversion O -recovery O -imaging O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -This O -is O -to O -present O -reversible O -inferior O -colliculus O -lesions O -in O -metronidazole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -encephalopathy O -, O -to O -focus O -on O -the O -diffusion O -- O -weighted O -imaging O -( O -DWI O -) O -and O -fluid O -attenuated O -inversion O -recovery O -( O -FLAIR O -) O -imaging O -. O - -aps B-category -MATERIALS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -From O -November O -2005 O -to O -September O -2007 O -, O -8 O -patients O -( O -5 O -men O -and O -3 O -women O -) O -were O -diagnosed O -as O -having O -metronidazole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -encephalopathy O -( O -age O -range O -; O -43 O -- O -78 O -years O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -had O -been O -taking O -metronidazole B-Chemical -( O -total O -dosage O -, O -45 O -- O -120 O -g O -; O -duration O -, O -30 O -days O -to O -2 O -months O -) O -to O -treat O -the O -infection O -in O -various O -organs O -. O - -aps B-category -Initial O -brain O -magnetic O -resonance O -imaging O -( O -MRI O -) O -were O -obtained O -after O -the O -hospitalization O -, O -including O -DWI O -( O -8 O -/ O -8 O -) O -, O -apparent O -diffusion O -coefficient O -( O -ADC O -) O -map O -( O -4 O -/ O -8 O -) O -, O -FLAIR O -( O -7 O -/ O -8 O -) O -, O -and O -T2 O -- O -weighted O -image O -( O -8 O -/ O -8 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Follow O -- O -up O -MRIs O -were O -performed O -on O -5 O -patients O -from O -third O -to O -14th O -days O -after O -discontinuation O -of O -metronidazole B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Findings O -of O -initial O -and O -follow O -- O -up O -MRIs O -were O -retrospectively O -evaluated O -by O -2 O -neuroradiologists O -by O -consensus O -, O -to O -analyze O -the O -presence O -of O -abnormal O -signal O -intensities O -, O -their O -locations O -, O -and O -signal O -changes O -on O -follow O -- O -up O -images O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Initial O -MRIs O -showed O -abnormal O -high O -signal O -intensities O -on O -DWI O -and O -FLAIR O -( O -or O -T2 O -- O -weighted O -image O -) O -at O -the O -dentate O -nucleus O -( O -8 O -/ O -8 O -) O -, O -inferior O -colliculus O -( O -6 O -/ O -8 O -) O -, O -corpus O -callosum O -( O -2 O -/ O -8 O -) O -, O -pons O -( O -2 O -/ O -8 O -) O -, O -medulla O -( O -1 O -/ O -8 O -) O -, O -and O -bilateral O -cerebral O -white O -matter O -( O -1 O -/ O -8 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -- O -signal O -intensity O -lesions O -on O -DWI O -tended O -to O -show O -low O -signal O -intensity O -on O -ADC O -map O -( O -3 O -/ O -4 O -) O -, O -but O -in O -one O -patient O -, O -high O -signal O -intensity O -was O -shown O -at O -bilateral O -dentate O -nuclei O -on O -not O -only O -DWI O -but O -also O -ADC O -map O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -the O -lesions O -in O -dentate O -, O -inferior O -colliculus O -, O -pons O -, O -and O -medullas O -had O -been O -resolved O -completely O -on O -follow O -- O -up O -MRIs O -in O -5 O -patients O -, O -but O -in O -1 O -patient O -of O -them O -, O -corpus O -callosal O -lesion O -persisted O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Reversible O -inferior O -colliculus O -lesions O -could O -be O -considered O -as O -the O -characteristic O -for O -metronidazole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -encephalopathy O -, O -next O -to O -the O -dentate O -nucleus O -involvement O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinically O -significant O -proteinuria O -following O -the O -administration O -of O -sirolimus B-Chemical -to O -renal O -transplant O -recipients O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Sirolimus B-Chemical -is O -the O -latest O -immunosuppressive O -agent O -used O -to O -prevent O -rejection O -, O -and O -may O -have O -less O -nephrotoxicity O -than O -calcineurin O -inhibitor O -( O -CNI O -) O -- O -based O -regimens O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -date O -there O -has O -been O -little O -documentation O -of O -clinically O -significant O -proteinuria O -linked O -with O -the O -use O -of O -sirolimus B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -encountered O -several O -patients O -who O -developed O -substantial O -proteinuria O -associated O -with O -sirolimus B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -each O -patient O -, O -the O -close O -temporal O -association O -between O -the O -commencement O -of O -sirolimus B-Chemical -therapy O -and O -proteinuria O -implicated O -sirolimus B-Chemical -as O -the O -most O -likely O -etiology O -of O -the O -proteinuria O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -analyzed O -the O -clinical O -and O -laboratory O -information O -available O -for O -all O -119 O -patients O -transplanted O -at O -the O -Washington O -Hospital O -Center O -between O -1999 O -- O -2003 O -for O -whom O -sirolimus B-Chemical -was O -a O -component O -of O -their O -immunosuppressant O -regimen O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -patients O -, O -the O -magnitude O -of O -proteinuria O -was O -assessed O -on O -morning O -urine O -samples O -by O -turbidometric O -measurement O -or O -random O -urine O -protein O -: O -creatinine B-Chemical -ratios O -, O -an O -estimate O -of O -grams O -of O -proteinuria O -/ O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -Laboratory O -results O -were O -compared O -between O -prior O -, O -during O -and O -following O -sirolimus B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Twenty O -- O -eight O -patients O -( O -24 O -% O -) O -developed O -increased O -proteinuria O -from O -baseline O -during O -their O -post O -- O -transplantation O -course O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -21 O -patients O -an O -alternative O -cause O -of O -proteinuria O -was O -either O -obvious O -or O -insufficient O -data O -was O -available O -to O -be O -conclusive O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -7 O -of O -the O -28 O -patients O -there O -was O -a O -striking O -temporal O -association O -between O -the O -initiation O -of O -sirolimus B-Chemical -and O -the O -development O -of O -nephrotic O -- O -range O -proteinuria O -. O - -aps B-category -Proteinuria O -correlated O -most O -strongly O -with O -sirolimus B-Chemical -therapy O -when O -compared O -to O -other O -demographic O -and O -clinical O -variables O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -most O -patients O -, O -discontinuation O -of O -sirolimus B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -a O -decrease O -, O -but O -not O -resolution O -, O -of O -proteinuria O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Sirolimus B-Chemical -induces O -or O -aggravates O -pre O -- O -existing O -proteinuria O -in O -an O -unpredictable O -subset O -of O -renal O -allograft O -recipients O -. O - -aps B-category -Proteinuria O -may O -improve O -, O -but O -does O -not O -resolve O -, O -when O -sirolimus B-Chemical -is O -withdrawn O -. O - -aps B-category -Components O -of O -lemon O -essential O -oil O -attenuate O -dementia O -induced O -by O -scopolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anti O -- O -dementia O -effects O -of O -s B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limonene I-Chemical -and O -s B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -perillyl I-Chemical -alcohol I-Chemical -were O -observed O -using O -the O -passive O -avoidance O -test O -( O -PA O -) O -and O -the O -open O -field O -habituation O -test O -( O -OFH O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -lemon O -essential O -oils O -showed O -strong O -ability O -to O -improve O -memory O -impaired O -by O -scopolamine B-Chemical -; O -however O -, O -s B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -perillyl I-Chemical -alcohol I-Chemical -relieved O -the O -deficit O -of O -associative O -memory O -in O -PA O -only O -, O -and O -did O -not O -improve O -non O -- O -associative O -memory O -significantly O -in O -OFH O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -neurotransmitter O -concentration O -in O -some O -brain O -regions O -on O -the O -test O -day O -showed O -that O -dopamine B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -the O -vehicle O -/ O -scopolamine B-Chemical -group O -was O -significantly O -lower O -than O -that O -of O -the O -vehicle O -/ O -vehicle O -group O -, O -but O -this O -phenomenon O -was O -reversed O -when O -s B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limonene I-Chemical -or O -s B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -perillyl I-Chemical -alcohol I-Chemical -were O -administered O -before O -the O -injection O -of O -scopolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneously O -, O -we O -found O -that O -these O -two O -lemon O -essential O -oil O -components O -could O -inhibit O -acetylcholinesterase O -activity O -in O -vitro O -using O -the O -Ellman O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Attentional O -modulation O -of O -perceived O -pain O -intensity O -in O -capsaicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -secondary O -hyperalgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Perceived O -pain O -intensity O -is O -modulated O -by O -attention O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -it O -is O -not O -known O -that O -how O -pain O -intensity O -ratings O -are O -affected O -by O -attention O -in O -capsaicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -secondary O -hyperalgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -we O -show O -that O -perceived O -pain O -intensity O -in O -secondary O -hyperalgesia O -is O -decreased O -when O -attention O -is O -distracted O -away O -from O -the O -painful O -pinprick O -stimulus O -with O -a O -visual O -task O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -it O -was O -found O -that O -the O -magnitude O -of O -attentional O -modulation O -in O -secondary O -hyperalgesia O -is O -very O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -capsaicin B-Chemical -- O -untreated O -, O -control O -condition O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -findings O -, O -showing O -no O -interaction O -between O -capsaicin B-Chemical -treatment O -and O -attentional O -modulation O -suggest O -that O -capsaicin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -secondary O -hyperalgesia O -and O -attention O -might O -affect O -mechanical O -pain O -through O -independent O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardioprotective O -effect O -of O -salvianolic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -A I-Chemical -on O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -infarction O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -evaluate O -the O -cardioprotective O -potential O -of O -salvianolic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -A I-Chemical -on O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -infarction O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemodynamic O -parameters O -and O -lead O -II O -electrocardiograph O -were O -monitored O -and O -recorded O -continuously O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -marker O -enzymes O -and O -antioxidative O -parameters O -in O -serum O -and O -heart O -tissues O -were O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Assay O -for O -mitochondrial O -respiratory O -function O -and O -histopathological O -examination O -of O -heart O -tissues O -were O -performed O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -showed O -significant O -increases O -in O -the O -levels O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -transaminase O -, O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -and O -malondialdehyde B-Chemical -and O -significant O -decreases O -in O -the O -activities O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -, O -catalase O -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -peroxidase O -in O -serum O -and O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -rats O -also O -showed O -declines O -in O -left O -ventricular O -systolic O -pressure O -, O -maximum O -and O -minimum O -rate O -of O -developed O -left O -ventricular O -pressure O -, O -and O -elevation O -of O -left O -ventricular O -end O -- O -diastolic O -pressure O -and O -ST O -- O -segment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -mitochondrial O -respiratory O -dysfunction O -characterized O -by O -decreased O -respiratory O -control O -ratio O -and O -ADP B-Chemical -/ O -O O -was O -observed O -in O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -salvianolic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -A I-Chemical -for O -a O -period O -of O -8 O -days O -significantly O -attenuated O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiac O -dysfunction O -and O -myocardial O -injury O -and O -improved O -mitochondrial O -respiratory O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protective O -role O -of O -salvianolic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -A I-Chemical -against O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -damage O -was O -further O -confirmed O -by O -histopathological O -examination O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -our O -study O -suggest O -that O -salvianolic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -A I-Chemical -possessing O -antioxidant O -activity O -has O -a O -significant O -protective O -effect O -against O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -glutamate B-Chemical -supplementation O -failed O -to O -protect O -against O -peripheral O -neurotoxicity O -of O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Toxic O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -is O -still O -a O -significant O -limiting O -factor O -for O -chemotherapy O -with O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -( O -PAC B-Chemical -) O -, O -although O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -its O -closely O -related O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -glutamine B-Chemical -were O -claimed O -to O -ameliorate O -PAC B-Chemical -neurotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -pilot O -trial O -aimed O -to O -evaluate O -the O -role O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -supplementation O -for O -preventing O -PAC B-Chemical -- O -induced O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -in O -a O -randomized O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -, O -double O -- O -blinded O -clinical O -and O -electro O -- O -diagnostic O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -- O -three O -ovarian O -cancer O -patients O -were O -available O -for O -analysis O -following O -six O -cycles O -of O -the O -same O -PAC B-Chemical -- O -containing O -regimen O -: O -23 O -had O -been O -supplemented O -by O -glutamate B-Chemical -all O -along O -the O -treatment O -period O -, O -at O -a O -daily O -dose O -of O -three O -times O -500 O -mg O -( O -group O -G O -) O -, O -and O -20 O -had O -received O -a O -placebo O -( O -group O -P O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -evaluated O -by O -neurological O -examinations O -, O -questionnaires O -and O -sensory O -- O -motor O -nerve O -conduction O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -significant O -difference O -in O -the O -frequency O -of O -signs O -or O -symptoms O -between O -the O -two O -groups O -although O -neurotoxicity O -symptoms O -presented O -mostly O -with O -lower O -scores O -of O -severity O -in O -group O -G O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -this O -difference O -reached O -statistical O -significance O -only O -with O -regard O -to O -reported O -pain O -sensation O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -011 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -the O -frequency O -of O -abnormal O -electro O -- O -diagnostic O -findings O -showed O -similarity O -between O -the O -two O -groups O -( O -G O -: O -7 O -/ O -23 O -= O -30 O -. O -4 O -% O -; O -P O -: O -6 O -/ O -20 O -= O -30 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -pilot O -study O -leads O -to O -the O -conclusion O -that O -glutamate B-Chemical -supplementation O -at O -the O -chosen O -regimen O -fails O -to O -protect O -against O -peripheral O -neurotoxicity O -of O -PAC B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Development O -of O -ocular O -myasthenia O -during O -pegylated B-Chemical -interferon I-Chemical -and O -ribavirin B-Chemical -treatment O -for O -chronic O -hepatitis O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -63 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -male O -experienced O -sudden O -diplopia O -after O -9 O -weeks O -of O -administration O -of O -pegylated B-Chemical -interferon I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -IFN I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2b I-Chemical -and O -ribavirin B-Chemical -for O -chronic O -hepatitis O -C O -( O -CHC O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Ophthalmologic O -examinations O -showed O -ptosis O -on O -the O -right O -upper O -lid O -and O -restricted O -right O -eye O -movement O -without O -any O -other O -neurological O -signs O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -brain O -imaging O -study O -and O -repetitive O -nerve O -stimulation O -test O -indicated O -no O -abnormality O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptor O -antibody O -titer O -and O -response O -to O -acetylcholinesterase O -inhibitors O -were O -negative O -, O -and O -the O -results O -of O -thyroid O -function O -tests O -were O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -' O -s O -ophthalmological O -symptoms O -improved O -rapidly O -3 O -weeks O -after O -discontinuation O -of O -pegylated B-Chemical -IFN I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2b I-Chemical -and O -ribavirin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ocular O -myasthenia O -associated O -with O -combination O -therapy O -of O -pegylated B-Chemical -IFN I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2b I-Chemical -and O -ribavirin B-Chemical -for O -CHC O -is O -very O -rarely O -reported O -; O -therefore O -, O -we O -present O -this O -case O -with O -a O -review O -of O -the O -various O -eye O -complications O -of O -IFN B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Learning O -and O -memory O -deficits O -in O -ecstasy B-Chemical -users O -and O -their O -neural O -correlates O -during O -a O -face O -- O -learning O -task O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -consistently O -shown O -that O -ecstasy B-Chemical -users O -display O -impairments O -in O -learning O -and O -memory O -performance O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -working O -memory O -processing O -in O -ecstasy B-Chemical -users O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -neural O -alterations O -in O -hippocampal O -and O -/ O -or O -cortical O -regions O -as O -measured O -by O -functional O -magnetic O -resonance O -imaging O -( O -fMRI O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -functional O -imaging O -and O -a O -face O -- O -learning O -task O -, O -we O -investigated O -neural O -correlates O -of O -encoding O -and O -recalling O -face O -- O -name O -associations O -in O -20 O -recreational O -drug O -users O -whose O -predominant O -drug O -use O -was O -ecstasy B-Chemical -and O -20 O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -address O -the O -potential O -confounding O -effects O -of O -the O -cannabis B-Chemical -use O -of O -the O -ecstasy B-Chemical -using O -group O -, O -a O -second O -analysis O -included O -14 O -previously O -tested O -cannabis B-Chemical -users O -( O -Nestor O -, O -L O -. O -, O -Roberts O -, O -G O -. O -, O -Garavan O -, O -H O -. O -, O -Hester O -, O -R O -. O -, O -2008 O -. O -Deficits O -in O -learning O -and O -memory O -: O -parahippocampal O -hyperactivity O -and O -frontocortical O -hypoactivity O -in O -cannabis B-Chemical -users O -. O -Neuroimage O -40 O -, O -1328 O -- O -1339 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Ecstasy B-Chemical -users O -performed O -significantly O -worse O -in O -learning O -and O -memory O -compared O -to O -controls O -and O -cannabis B-Chemical -users O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -conjunction O -analysis O -of O -the O -encode O -and O -recall O -phases O -of O -the O -task O -revealed O -ecstasy B-Chemical -- O -specific O -hyperactivity O -in O -bilateral O -frontal O -regions O -, O -left O -temporal O -, O -right O -parietal O -, O -bilateral O -temporal O -, O -and O -bilateral O -occipital O -brain O -regions O -. O - -aps B-category -Ecstasy B-Chemical -- O -specific O -hypoactivity O -was O -evident O -in O -the O -right O -dorsal O -anterior O -cingulated O -cortex O -( O -ACC O -) O -and O -left O -posterior O -cingulated O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -ecstasy B-Chemical -and O -cannabis B-Chemical -groups O -brain O -activation O -was O -decreased O -in O -the O -right O -medial O -frontal O -gyrus O -, O -left O -parahippocampal O -gyrus O -, O -left O -dorsal O -cingulate O -gyrus O -, O -and O -left O -caudate O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -elucidated O -ecstasy B-Chemical -- O -related O -deficits O -, O -only O -some O -of O -which O -might O -be O -attributed O -to O -cannabis B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -ecstasy B-Chemical -- O -specific O -effects O -may O -be O -related O -to O -the O -vulnerability O -of O -isocortical O -and O -allocortical O -regions O -to O -the O -neurotoxic O -effects O -of O -ecstasy B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Disulfiram B-Chemical -- O -like O -syndrome O -after O -hydrogen B-Chemical -cyanamide I-Chemical -professional O -skin O -exposure O -: O -two O -case O -reports O -in O -France O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrogen B-Chemical -cyanamide I-Chemical -is O -a O -plant O -growth O -regulator O -used O -in O -agriculture O -to O -induce O -bud O -break O -in O -fruit O -trees O -. O - -aps B-category -Contact O -with O -the O -skin O -can O -result O -in O -percutaneous O -absorption O -of O -the O -substance O -that O -inhibits O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -can O -induce O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -syndrome O -in O -case O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -report O -is O -to O -describe O -two O -cases O -of O -a O -disulfiram B-Chemical -- O -like O -syndrome O -following O -occupational O -exposure O -to O -hydrogen B-Chemical -cyanamide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -case O -involved O -a O -59 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -who O -used O -Dormex B-Chemical -, O -which O -contains O -hydrogen B-Chemical -cyanamide I-Chemical -, O -without O -protection O -after O -consuming O -a O -large O -amount O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -during O -a O -meal O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -less O -than O -1 O -hour O -after O -the O -ingestion O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -he O -developed O -malaise O -with O -flushing O -of O -the O -face O -, O -tachycardia O -, O -and O -dyspnea O -. O - -aps B-category -Manifestations O -regressed O -spontaneously O -under O -surveillance O -in O -the O -hospital O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -case O -occurred O -in O -a O -55 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -farmer O -following O -cutaneous O -contact O -with O -Dormex B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -hours O -after O -exposure O -, O -he O -developed O -disulfiram B-Chemical -- O -like O -syndrome O -with O -flushing O -, O -tachycardia O -, O -and O -arterial O -hypotension O -after O -consuming O -three O -glasses O -of O -wine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -recovered O -spontaneously O -in O -3 O -hours O -under O -surveillance O -in O -the O -hospital O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -cases O -confirm O -the O -necessity O -of O -avoiding O -alcohol B-Chemical -consumption O -as O -recommended O -in O -the O -instructions O -for O -use O -of O -Dormex B-Chemical -and O -of O -preventing O -cutaneous O -contact O -during O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulpiride B-Chemical -- O -induced O -tardive O -dystonia O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulpiride B-Chemical -is O -a O -selective O -D2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -with O -antipsychotic O -and O -antidepressant B-Chemical -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -initially O -thought O -to O -be O -free O -of O -extrapyramidal O -side O -effects O -, O -sulpiride B-Chemical -- O -induced O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -and O -parkinsonism O -have O -been O -reported O -occasionally O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -a O -37 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -who O -developed O -persistent O -segmental O -dystonia O -within O -2 O -months O -after O -starting O -sulpiride B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -could O -not O -find O -any O -previous O -reports O -of O -sulpiride B-Chemical -- O -induced O -tardive O -dystonia O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -cognitive O -and O -subjective O -side O -effects O -of O -immediate O -- O -release O -oxycodone B-Chemical -in O -healthy O -middle O -- O -aged O -and O -older O -adults O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -measured O -the O -objective O -and O -subjective O -neurocognitive O -effects O -of O -a O -single O -10 O -- O -mg O -dose O -of O -immediate O -- O -release O -oxycodone B-Chemical -in O -healthy O -, O -older O -( O -> O -65 O -years O -) O -, O -and O -middle O -- O -aged O -( O -35 O -to O -55 O -years O -) O -adults O -who O -were O -not O -suffering O -from O -chronic O -or O -significant O -daily O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -Seventy O -- O -one O -participants O -completed O -2 O -separate O -study O -days O -and O -were O -blind O -to O -medication O -condition O -( O -placebo O -, O -10 O -- O -mg O -oxycodone B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -oxycodone B-Chemical -concentration O -peaked O -between O -60 O -and O -90 O -minutes O -postdose O -( O -P O -< O -. O -01 O -) O -and O -pupil O -size O -, O -an O -indication O -of O -physiological O -effects O -of O -the O -medication O -, O -peaked O -at O -approximately O -90 O -to O -120 O -minutes O -postdose O -( O -P O -< O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -declines O -in O -simple O -and O -sustained O -attention O -, O -working O -memory O -, O -and O -verbal O -memory O -were O -observed O -at O -1 O -hour O -postdose O -compared O -to O -baseline O -for O -both O -age O -groups O -with O -a O -trend O -toward O -return O -to O -baseline O -by O -5 O -hours O -postdose O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -almost O -all O -cognitive O -measures O -, O -there O -were O -no O -medication O -by O -age O -- O -interaction O -effects O -, O -which O -indicates O -that O -the O -2 O -age O -groups O -exhibited O -similar O -responses O -to O -the O -medication O -challenge O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -suggests O -that O -for O -healthy O -older O -adults O -who O -are O -not O -suffering O -from O -chronic O -pain O -, O -neurocognitive O -and O -pharmacodynamic O -changes O -in O -response O -to O -a O -10 O -- O -mg O -dose O -of O -immediate O -- O -release O -oxycodone B-Chemical -are O -similar O -to O -those O -observed O -for O -middle O -- O -aged O -adults O -. O - -aps B-category -PERSPECTIVE O -: O -Study O -findings O -indicate O -that O -the O -metabolism O -, O -neurocognitive O -effects O -, O -and O -physical O -side O -effects O -of O -oral O -oxycodone B-Chemical -are O -similar O -for O -healthy O -middle O -- O -aged O -and O -older O -adults O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -clinicians O -should O -not O -avoid O -prescribing O -oral O -opioids O -to O -older O -adults O -based O -on O -the O -belief O -that O -older O -adults O -are O -at O -higher O -risk O -for O -side O -effects O -than O -younger O -adults O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glycine B-Chemical -transporter O -- O -1 O -inhibitor O -SSR103800 B-Chemical -displays O -a O -selective O -and O -specific O -antipsychotic O -- O -like O -profile O -in O -normal O -and O -transgenic O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Schizophrenia O -has O -been O -initially O -associated O -with O -dysfunction O -in O -dopamine B-Chemical -neurotransmission O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -observation O -that O -antagonists O -of O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -( O -NMDA B-Chemical -) O -receptor O -produce O -schizophrenic O -- O -like O -symptoms O -in O -humans O -has O -led O -to O -the O -idea O -of O -a O -dysfunctioning O -of O -the O -glutamatergic O -system O -via O -its O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -result O -, O -there O -is O -a O -growing O -interest O -in O -the O -development O -of O -pharmacological O -agents O -with O -potential O -antipsychotic O -properties O -that O -enhance O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -glutamatergic O -system O -via O -a O -modulation O -of O -the O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -them O -are O -glycine B-Chemical -transporter O -- O -1 O -( O -GlyT1 O -) O -inhibitors O -such O -as O -SSR103800 B-Chemical -, O -which O -indirectly O -enhance O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptor O -function O -by O -increasing O -the O -glycine B-Chemical -( O -a O -co O -- O -agonist O -for O -the O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptor O -) O -levels O -in O -the O -synapse O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -aimed O -at O -investigating O -the O -potential O -antipsychotic O -- O -like O -properties O -of O -SSR103800 B-Chemical -, O -with O -a O -particular O -focus O -on O -models O -of O -hyperactivity O -, O -involving O -either O -drug O -challenge O -( O -ie O -, O -amphetamine B-Chemical -and O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -) O -or O -transgenic O -mice O -( O -ie O -, O -NMDA B-Chemical -Nr1 O -( O -neo O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -and O -DAT O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -showed O -that O -SSR103800 B-Chemical -( O -10 O -- O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -p O -. O -o O -. O -) O -blocked O -hyperactivity O -induced O -by O -the O -non O -- O -competitive O -NMDA B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -801 I-Chemical -and O -partially O -reversed O -spontaneous O -hyperactivity O -of O -NMDA B-Chemical -Nr1 O -( O -neo O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -SSR103800 B-Chemical -failed O -to O -affect O -hyperactivity O -induced O -by O -amphetamine B-Chemical -or O -naturally O -observed O -in O -dopamine B-Chemical -transporter O -( O -DAT O -( O -- O -/ O -- O -) O -) O -knockout O -mice O -( O -10 O -- O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -p O -. O -o O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Importantly O -, O -both O -classical O -( O -haloperidol B-Chemical -) O -and O -atypical O -( O -olanzapine B-Chemical -, O -clozapine B-Chemical -and O -aripiprazole B-Chemical -) O -antipsychotics O -were O -effective O -in O -all O -these O -models O -of O -hyperactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -unlike O -these O -latter O -, O -SSR103800 B-Chemical -did O -not O -produce O -catalepsy O -( O -retention O -on O -the O -bar O -test O -) O -up O -to O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -p O -. O -o O -. O - -aps B-category -Together O -these O -findings O -show O -that O -the O -GlyT1 O -inhibitor O -, O -SSR103800 B-Chemical -, O -produces O -antipsychotic O -- O -like O -effects O -, O -which O -differ O -from O -those O -observed O -with O -compounds O -primarily O -targeting O -the O -dopaminergic O -system O -, O -and O -has O -a O -reduced O -side O -- O -effect O -potential O -as O -compared O -with O -these O -latter O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyrrolidine B-Chemical -dithiocarbamate I-Chemical -protects O -the O -piriform O -cortex O -in O -the O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -status O -epilepticus O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyrrolidine B-Chemical -dithiocarbamate I-Chemical -( O -PDTC B-Chemical -) O -has O -a O -dual O -mechanism O -of O -action O -as O -an O -antioxidant O -and O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -the O -transcription O -factor O -kappa O -- O -beta O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -, O -production O -of O -reactive O -oxygen B-Chemical -species O -as O -well O -as O -activation O -of O -NF O -- O -kappaB O -have O -been O -implicated O -in O -severe O -neuronal O -damage O -in O -different O -sub O -- O -regions O -of O -the O -hippocampus O -as O -well O -as O -in O -the O -surrounding O -cortices O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -PDTC B-Chemical -on O -status O -epilepticus O -- O -associated O -cell O -loss O -in O -the O -hippocampus O -and O -piriform O -cortex O -was O -evaluated O -in O -the O -rat O -fractionated O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -150 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -PDTC B-Chemical -before O -and O -following O -status O -epilepticus O -significantly O -increased O -the O -mortality O -rate O -to O -100 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -PDTC B-Chemical -( O -low O -- O -dose O -) O -did O -not O -exert O -major O -effects O -on O -the O -development O -of O -a O -status O -epilepticus O -or O -the O -mortality O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vehicle O -- O -treated O -rats O -, O -status O -epilepticus O -caused O -pronounced O -neuronal O -damage O -in O -the O -piriform O -cortex O -comprising O -both O -pyramidal O -cells O -and O -interneurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -- O -dose O -PDTC B-Chemical -treatment O -almost O -completely O -protected O -from O -lesions O -in O -the O -piriform O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -decrease O -in O -neuronal O -density O -of O -the O -hippocampal O -hilar O -formation O -was O -identified O -in O -vehicle O -- O -and O -PDTC B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -following O -status O -epilepticus O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -the O -NF O -- O -kappaB O -inhibitor O -and O -antioxidant O -PDTC B-Chemical -protected O -the O -piriform O -cortex O -, O -whereas O -it O -did O -not O -affect O -hilar O -neuronal O -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -might O -indicate O -that O -the O -generation O -of O -reactive O -oxygen B-Chemical -species O -and O -activation O -of O -NF O -- O -kappaB O -plays O -a O -more O -central O -role O -in O -seizure O -- O -associated O -neuronal O -damage O -in O -the O -temporal O -cortex O -as O -compared O -to O -the O -hippocampal O -hilus O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -future O -investigations O -are O -necessary O -to O -exactly O -analyze O -the O -biochemical O -mechanisms O -by O -which O -PDTC B-Chemical -exerted O -its O -beneficial O -effects O -in O -the O -piriform O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -Anaesthetists O -' O -nightmare O -: O -masseter O -spasm O -after O -induction O -in O -an O -undiagnosed O -case O -of O -myotonia O -congenita O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -an O -undiagnosed O -case O -of O -myotonia O -congenita O -in O -a O -24 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -previously O -healthy O -primigravida O -, O -who O -developed O -life O -threatening O -masseter O -spasm O -following O -a O -standard O -dose O -of O -intravenous O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -for O -induction O -of O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -the O -patient O -nor O -the O -anaesthetist O -was O -aware O -of O -the O -diagnosis O -before O -this O -potentially O -lethal O -complication O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -Twin O -preterm O -neonates O -with O -cardiac O -toxicity O -related O -to O -lopinavir B-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -ritonavir I-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -twin O -neonates O -who O -were O -born O -prematurely O -at O -32 O -weeks O -of O -gestation O -to O -a O -mother O -with O -human O -immunodeficiency O -virus O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -the O -twins O -developed O -complete O -heart O -block O -and O -dilated O -cardiomyopathy O -related O -to O -lopinavir B-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -ritonavir I-Chemical -therapy O -, O -a O -boosted O -protease O -- O -inhibitor O -agent O -, O -while O -the O -other O -twin O -developed O -mild O -bradycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -recommend O -caution O -in O -the O -use O -of O -lopinavir B-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -ritonavir I-Chemical -in O -the O -immediate O -neonatal O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -drugs O -disappear O -from O -the O -patient O -: O -elimination O -of O -intravenous O -medication O -by O -hemodiafiltration O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -three O -hours O -after O -heart O -transplantation O -, O -life O -- O -threatening O -acute O -right O -heart O -failure O -was O -diagnosed O -in O -a O -patient O -requiring O -continuous O -venovenous O -hemodiafiltration O -( O -CVVHDF O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -doses O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -sedatives O -, O -and O -muscle O -relaxants O -administered O -through O -a O -central O -venous O -catheter O -were O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -a O -bolus O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -injected O -through O -an O -alternative O -catheter O -provoked O -a O -hypertensive O -crisis O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -interference O -with O -the O -central O -venous O -infusion O -by O -the O -dialysis O -catheter O -was O -suspected O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -catheters O -were O -changed O -, O -and O -hemodynamics O -stabilized O -at O -lower O -catecholamine B-Chemical -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -effects O -of O -IV O -drugs O -are O -inadequate O -in O -patients O -receiving O -CVVHDF O -, O -interference O -with O -adjacent O -catheters O -resulting O -in O -elimination O -of O -the O -drug O -by O -CVVHDF O -should O -be O -suspected O -. O - -aps B-category -Less O -frequent O -lithium B-Chemical -administration O -and O -lower O -urine O -volume O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -This O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -determine O -whether O -patients O -maintained O -on O -a O -regimen O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -on O -a O -once O -- O -per O -- O -day O -schedule O -have O -lower O -urine O -volumes O -than O -do O -patients O -receiving O -multiple O -doses O -per O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -This O -was O -a O -cross O -- O -sectional O -study O -of O -85 O -patients O -from O -a O -lithium B-Chemical -clinic O -who O -received O -different O -dose O -schedules O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -admitted O -to O -the O -hospital O -for O -measurement O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -level O -, O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -, O -urine O -volume O -, O -and O -maximum O -osmolality O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Multiple O -daily O -doses O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -were O -associated O -with O -higher O -urine O -volumes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dosing O -schedule O -, O -duration O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -and O -daily O -dose O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -did O -not O -affect O -maximum O -osmolality O -or O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Urine O -volume O -can O -be O -reduced O -by O -giving O -lithium B-Chemical -once O -daily O -and O -/ O -or O -by O -lowering O -the O -total O -daily O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -polyuria O -seems O -to O -be O -related O -to O -extrarenal O -as O -well O -as O -to O -renal O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibacterial O -medication O -use O -during O -pregnancy O -and O -risk O -of O -birth O -defects O -: O -National O -Birth O -Defects O -Prevention O -Study O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -estimate O -the O -association O -between O -antibacterial O -medications O -and O -selected O -birth O -defects O -. O - -aps B-category -DESIGN O -, O -SETTING O -, O -AND O -PARTICIPANTS O -: O -Population O -- O -based O -, O -multisite O -, O -case O -- O -control O -study O -of O -women O -who O -had O -pregnancies O -affected O -by O -1 O -of O -more O -than O -30 O -eligible O -major O -birth O -defects O -identified O -via O -birth O -defect O -surveillance O -programs O -in O -10 O -states O -( O -n O -= O -13 O -155 O -) O -and O -control O -women O -randomly O -selected O -from O -the O -same O -geographical O -regions O -( O -n O -= O -4941 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -MAIN O -EXPOSURE O -: O -Reported O -maternal O -use O -of O -antibacterials O -( O -1 O -month O -before O -pregnancy O -through O -the O -end O -of O -the O -first O -trimester O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -MAIN O -OUTCOME O -MEASURE O -: O -Odds O -ratios O -( O -ORs O -) O -measuring O -the O -association O -between O -antibacterial O -use O -and O -selected O -birth O -defects O -adjusted O -for O -potential O -confounders O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -reported O -use O -of O -antibacterials O -increased O -during O -pregnancy O -, O -peaking O -during O -the O -third O -month O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulfonamides B-Chemical -were O -associated O -with O -anencephaly O -( O -adjusted O -OR O -[ O -AOR O -] O -= O -3 O -. O -4 O -; O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -[ O -CI O -] O -, O -1 O -. O -3 O -- O -8 O -. O -8 O -) O -, O -hypoplastic O -left O -heart O -syndrome O -( O -AOR O -= O -3 O -. O -2 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -1 O -. O -3 O -- O -7 O -. O -6 O -) O -, O -coarctation O -of O -the O -aorta O -( O -AOR O -= O -2 O -. O -7 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -1 O -. O -3 O -- O -5 O -. O -6 O -) O -, O -choanal O -atresia O -( O -AOR O -= O -8 O -. O -0 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -2 O -. O -7 O -- O -23 O -. O -5 O -) O -, O -transverse O -limb O -deficiency O -( O -AOR O -= O -2 O -. O -5 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -1 O -. O -0 O -- O -5 O -. O -9 O -) O -, O -and O -diaphragmatic O -hernia O -( O -AOR O -= O -2 O -. O -4 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -1 O -. O -1 O -- O -5 O -. O -4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitrofurantoins B-Chemical -were O -associated O -with O -anophthalmia O -or O -microphthalmos O -( O -AOR O -= O -3 O -. O -7 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -1 O -. O -1 O -- O -12 O -. O -2 O -) O -, O -hypoplastic O -left O -heart O -syndrome O -( O -AOR O -= O -4 O -. O -2 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -1 O -. O -9 O -- O -9 O -. O -1 O -) O -, O -atrial O -septal O -defects O -( O -AOR O -= O -1 O -. O -9 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -1 O -. O -1 O -- O -3 O -. O -4 O -) O -, O -and O -cleft O -lip O -with O -cleft O -palate O -( O -AOR O -= O -2 O -. O -1 O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -1 O -. O -2 O -- O -3 O -. O -9 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -antibacterial O -agents O -that O -showed O -associations O -included O -erythromycins B-Chemical -( O -2 O -defects O -) O -, O -penicillins B-Chemical -( O -1 O -defect O -) O -, O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -( O -1 O -defect O -) O -, O -and O -quinolones B-Chemical -( O -1 O -defect O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Reassuringly O -, O -penicillins B-Chemical -, O -erythromycins B-Chemical -, O -and O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -, O -although O -used O -commonly O -by O -pregnant O -women O -, O -were O -not O -associated O -with O -many O -birth O -defects O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulfonamides B-Chemical -and O -nitrofurantoins B-Chemical -were O -associated O -with O -several O -birth O -defects O -, O -indicating O -a O -need O -for O -additional O -scrutiny O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -impact O -of O -immune O -escape O -mutations O -G145R O -and O -P120T O -on O -the O -replication O -of O -lamivudine B-Chemical -- O -resistant O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -virus I-Chemical -e I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -- O -positive O -and O -- O -negative O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -Immune O -escape O -variants O -of O -the O -hepatitis O -B O -virus O -( O -HBV O -) O -represent O -an O -emerging O -clinical O -challenge O -, O -because O -they O -can O -be O -associated O -with O -vaccine O -escape O -, O -HBV O -reactivation O -, O -and O -failure O -of O -diagnostic O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -data O -suggest O -a O -preferential O -selection O -of O -immune O -escape O -mutants O -in O -distinct O -peripheral O -blood O -leukocyte O -compartments O -of O -infected O -individuals O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -therefore O -systematically O -analyzed O -the O -functional O -impact O -of O -the O -most O -prevalent O -immune O -escape O -variants O -, O -the O -sG145R O -and O -sP120T O -mutants O -, O -on O -the O -viral O -replication O -efficacy O -and O -antiviral O -drug O -susceptibility O -of O -common O -treatment O -- O -associated O -mutants O -with O -resistance O -to O -lamivudine B-Chemical -( O -LAM B-Chemical -) O -and O -/ O -or O -HBeAg B-Chemical -negativity O -. O - -aps B-category -Replication O -- O -competent O -HBV O -strains O -with O -sG145R O -or O -sP120T O -and O -LAM B-Chemical -resistance O -( O -rtM204I O -or O -rtL180M O -/ O -rtM204V O -) O -were O -generated O -on O -an O -HBeAg B-Chemical -- O -positive O -and O -an O -HBeAg B-Chemical -- O -negative O -background O -with O -precore O -( O -PC O -) O -and O -basal O -core O -promoter O -( O -BCP O -) O -mutants O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sG145R O -mutation O -strongly O -reduced O -HBsAg B-Chemical -levels O -and O -was O -able O -to O -fully O -restore O -the O -impaired O -replication O -of O -LAM B-Chemical -- O -resistant O -HBV O -mutants O -to O -the O -levels O -of O -wild O -- O -type O -HBV O -, O -and O -PC O -or O -BCP O -mutations O -further O -enhanced O -viral O -replication O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -sP120T O -substitution O -also O -impaired O -HBsAg B-Chemical -secretion O -, O -it O -did O -not O -enhance O -the O -replication O -of O -LAM B-Chemical -- O -resistant O -clones O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -concomitant O -occurrence O -of O -HBeAg B-Chemical -negativity O -( O -PC O -/ O -BCP O -) O -, O -sP120T O -, O -and O -LAM B-Chemical -resistance O -resulted O -in O -the O -restoration O -of O -replication O -to O -levels O -of O -wild O -- O -type O -HBV O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -clones O -with O -combined O -immune O -escape O -and O -LAM B-Chemical -resistance O -mutations O -, O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -analogues O -adefovir B-Chemical -and O -tenofovir B-Chemical -remained O -effective O -in O -suppressing O -viral O -replication O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -reveal O -the O -differential O -impact O -of O -immune O -escape O -variants O -on O -the O -replication O -and O -drug O -susceptibility O -of O -complex O -HBV O -mutants O -, O -supporting O -the O -need O -of O -close O -surveillance O -and O -treatment O -adjustment O -in O -response O -to O -the O -selection O -of O -distinct O -mutational O -patterns O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemolytic O -anemia O -associated O -with O -the O -use O -of O -omeprazole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Omeprazole B-Chemical -is O -the O -first O -drug O -designed O -to O -block O -the O -final O -step O -in O -the O -acid O -secretory O -process O -within O -the O -parietal O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -extremely O -effective O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -peptic O -ulcer O -disease O -, O -reflux O -esophagitis O -, O -and O -the O -Zollinger O -- O -Ellison O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -clinical O -experience O -with O -omeprazole B-Chemical -is O -still O -limited O -, O -many O -controlled O -studies O -have O -established O -the O -short O -- O -term O -safety O -of O -this O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -first O -case O -of O -a O -serious O -short O -- O -term O -adverse O -reaction O -with O -the O -use O -of O -omeprazole B-Chemical -: O -hemolytic O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -developed O -weakness O -, O -lethargy O -, O -and O -shortness O -of O -breath O -2 O -days O -after O -starting O -therapy O -with O -omeprazole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -weeks O -after O -the O -initiation O -of O -therapy O -, O -her O -hematocrit O -had O -decreased O -from O -44 O -. O -1 O -% O -to O -20 O -. O -4 O -% O -, O -and O -she O -had O -a O -positive O -direct O -Coombs O -antiglobulin O -test O -and O -an O -elevated O -indirect O -bilirubin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -she O -discontinued O -the O -omeprazole B-Chemical -, O -her O -hemoglobin O -and O -hematocrit O -gradually O -returned O -to O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -by O -which O -omeprazole B-Chemical -caused O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -hemolytic O -anemia O -is O -uncertain O -, O -but O -physicians O -should O -be O -alerted O -to O -this O -possible O -adverse O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylephrine B-Chemical -but O -not O -ephedrine B-Chemical -reduces O -frontal O -lobe O -oxygenation O -following O -anesthesia O -- O -induced O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Vasopressor O -agents O -are O -used O -to O -correct O -anesthesia O -- O -induced O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -the O -effect O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -ephedrine B-Chemical -on O -frontal O -lobe O -oxygenation O -( O -S O -( O -c O -) O -O O -( O -2 O -) O -) O -following O -anesthesia O -- O -induced O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Following O -induction O -of O -anesthesia O -by O -fentanyl B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -15 O -mg O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -) O -and O -propofol B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -0 O -mg O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -) O -, O -13 O -patients O -received O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -iv O -) O -and O -12 O -patients O -received O -ephedrine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -iv O -) O -to O -restore O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -( O -MAP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Heart O -rate O -( O -HR O -) O -, O -MAP O -, O -stroke O -volume O -( O -SV O -) O -, O -cardiac O -output O -( O -CO O -) O -, O -and O -frontal O -lobe O -oxygenation O -( O -S O -( O -c O -) O -O O -( O -2 O -) O -) O -were O -registered O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Induction O -of O -anesthesia O -was O -followed O -by O -a O -decrease O -in O -MAP O -, O -HR O -, O -SV O -, O -and O -CO O -concomitant O -with O -an O -elevation O -in O -S O -( O -c O -) O -O O -( O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -administration O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -, O -MAP O -increased O -( O -51 O -+ O -/ O -- O -12 O -to O -81 O -+ O -/ O -- O -13 O -mmHg O -; O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -; O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -a O -14 O -% O -( O -from O -70 O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -% O -to O -60 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -% O -) O -reduction O -in O -S O -( O -c O -) O -O O -( O -2 O -) O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -followed O -with O -no O -change O -in O -CO O -( O -3 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -1 O -to O -3 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -9 O -l O -min O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -ephedrine B-Chemical -led O -to O -a O -similar O -increase O -in O -MAP O -( O -53 O -+ O -/ O -- O -9 O -to O -79 O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -mmHg O -; O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -restored O -CO O -( O -3 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -2 O -to O -5 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -3 O -l O -min O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -) O -, O -and O -preserved O -S O -( O -c O -) O -O O -( O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -utilization O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -to O -correct O -hypotension O -induced O -by O -anesthesia O -has O -a O -negative O -impact O -on O -S O -( O -c O -) O -O O -( O -2 O -) O -while O -ephedrine B-Chemical -maintains O -frontal O -lobe O -oxygenation O -potentially O -related O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -CO O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolonged O -elevation O -of O -plasma O -argatroban B-Chemical -in O -a O -cardiac O -transplant O -patient O -with O -a O -suspected O -history O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -with O -thrombosis O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Direct O -thrombin O -inhibitors O -( O -DTIs O -) O -provide O -an O -alternative O -method O -of O -anticoagulation O -for O -patients O -with O -a O -history O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thrombocytopenia O -( O -HIT O -) O -or O -HIT O -with O -thrombosis O -( O -HITT O -) O -undergoing O -cardiopulmonary O -bypass O -( O -CPB O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -following O -report O -, O -a O -65 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -critically O -ill O -patient O -with O -a O -suspected O -history O -of O -HITT O -was O -administered O -argatroban B-Chemical -for O -anticoagulation O -on O -bypass O -during O -heart O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -required O -massive O -transfusion O -support O -( O -55 O -units O -of O -red O -blood O -cells O -, O -42 O -units O -of O -fresh O -- O -frozen O -plasma O -, O -40 O -units O -of O -cryoprecipitate O -, O -40 O -units O -of O -platelets O -, O -and O -three O -doses O -of O -recombinant O -Factor O -VIIa O -) O -for O -severe O -intraoperative O -and O -postoperative O -bleeding O -. O - -aps B-category -STUDY O -DESIGN O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -Plasma O -samples O -from O -before O -and O -after O -CPB O -were O -analyzed O -postoperatively O -for O -argatroban B-Chemical -concentration O -using O -a O -modified O -ecarin O -clotting O -time O -( O -ECT O -) O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Unexpectedly O -high O -concentrations O -of O -argatroban B-Chemical -were O -measured O -in O -these O -samples O -( O -range O -, O -0 O -- O -32 O -microg O -/ O -mL O -) O -, O -and O -a O -prolonged O -plasma O -argatroban B-Chemical -half O -life O -( O -t O -( O -1 O -/ O -2 O -) O -) O -of O -514 O -minutes O -was O -observed O -( O -published O -elimination O -t O -( O -1 O -/ O -2 O -) O -is O -39 O -- O -51 O -minutes O -[ O -< O -or O -= O -181 O -minutes O -with O -hepatic O -impairment O -] O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Correlation O -of O -plasma O -argatroban B-Chemical -concentration O -versus O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -coagulation O -variables O -and O -clinical O -course O -suggest O -that O -prolonged O -elevated O -levels O -of O -plasma O -argatroban B-Chemical -may O -have O -contributed O -to O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -extended O -coagulopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -DTIs O -do O -not O -have O -reversal O -agents O -, O -surgical O -teams O -and O -transfusion O -services O -should O -remain O -aware O -of O -the O -possibility O -of O -massive O -transfusion O -events O -during O -anticoagulation O -with O -these O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -the O -first O -report O -to O -measure O -plasma O -argatroban B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -context O -of O -CPB O -and O -extended O -coagulopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -adjunctive O -bupropion B-Chemical -on O -male O -sexual O -dysfunction O -induced O -by O -a O -selective B-Chemical -serotonin I-Chemical -reuptake I-Chemical -inhibitor I-Chemical -: O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -and O -randomized O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -determine O -the O -safety O -and O -efficacy O -of O -adjunctive O -bupropion B-Chemical -sustained O -- O -release O -( O -SR O -) O -on O -male O -sexual O -dysfunction O -( O -SD O -) O -induced O -by O -a O -selective B-Chemical -serotonin I-Chemical -reuptake I-Chemical -inhibitor I-Chemical -( O -SSRI B-Chemical -) O -, O -as O -SD O -is O -a O -common O -side O -- O -effect O -of O -SSRIs B-Chemical -and O -the O -most O -effective O -treatments O -have O -yet O -to O -be O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -The O -randomized O -sample O -consisted O -of O -234 O -euthymic O -men O -who O -were O -receiving O -some O -type O -of O -SSRI B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -men O -were O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -bupropion B-Chemical -SR O -( O -150 O -mg O -twice O -daily O -, O -117 O -) O -or O -placebo O -( O -twice O -daily O -, O -117 O -) O -for O -12 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Efficacy O -was O -evaluated O -using O -the O -Clinical O -Global O -Impression O -- O -Sexual O -Function O -( O -CGI O -- O -SF O -; O -the O -primary O -outcome O -measure O -) O -, O -the O -International O -Index O -of O -Erectile O -Function O -( O -IIEF O -) O -, O -Arizona O -Sexual O -Experience O -Scale O -( O -ASEX O -) O -, O -and O -Erectile O -Dysfunction O -Inventory O -of O -Treatment O -Satisfaction O -( O -EDITS O -) O -( O -secondary O -outcome O -measures O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Participants O -were O -followed O -biweekly O -during O -study O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -After O -12 O -weeks O -of O -treatment O -, O -the O -mean O -( O -sd O -) O -scores O -for O -CGI O -- O -SF O -were O -significantly O -lower O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -better O -, O -in O -patients O -on O -bupropion B-Chemical -SR O -, O -at O -2 O -. O -4 O -( O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -, O -than O -in O -the O -placebo O -group O -, O -at O -3 O -. O -9 O -( O -1 O -. O -1 O -) O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Men O -who O -received O -bupropion B-Chemical -had O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -total O -IIEF O -score O -( O -54 O -. O -4 O -% O -vs O -1 O -. O -2 O -% O -; O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -003 O -) O -, O -and O -in O -the O -five O -different O -domains O -of O -the O -IIEF O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -ASEX O -scores O -were O -significantly O -lower O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -better O -, O -among O -men O -who O -received O -bupropion B-Chemical -than O -placebo O -, O -at O -15 O -. O -5 O -( O -4 O -. O -3 O -) O -vs O -21 O -. O -5 O -( O -4 O -. O -7 O -) O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -002 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -EDITS O -scores O -were O -67 O -. O -4 O -( O -10 O -. O -2 O -) O -for O -the O -bupropion B-Chemical -and O -36 O -. O -3 O -( O -11 O -. O -7 O -) O -for O -the O -placebo O -group O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ASEX O -score O -and O -CGI O -- O -SF O -score O -were O -correlated O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -003 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -linear O -regression O -analyses O -the O -CGI O -- O -SF O -score O -was O -not O -affected O -significantly O -by O -the O -duration O -of O -SD O -, O -type O -of O -SSRI B-Chemical -used O -and O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Bupropion B-Chemical -is O -an O -effective O -treatment O -for O -male O -SD O -induced O -by O -SSRIs B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -provide O -empirical O -support O -for O -conducting O -a O -further O -study O -of O -bupropion B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Prevention O -of O -seizures O -and O -reorganization O -of O -hippocampal O -functions O -by O -transplantation O -of O -bone O -marrow O -cells O -in O -the O -acute O -phase O -of O -experimental O -epilepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -we O -investigated O -the O -therapeutic O -potential O -of O -bone O -marrow O -mononuclear O -cells O -( O -BMCs O -) O -in O -a O -model O -of O -epilepsy O -induced O -by O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -BMCs O -obtained O -from O -green O -fluorescent O -protein O -( O -GFP O -) O -transgenic O -mice O -or O -rats O -were O -transplanted O -intravenously O -after O -induction O -of O -status O -epilepticus O -( O -SE O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Spontaneous O -recurrent O -seizures O -( O -SRS O -) O -were O -monitored O -using O -Racine O -' O -s O -seizure O -severity O -scale O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -of O -the O -rats O -in O -the O -saline O -- O -treated O -epileptic O -control O -group O -developed O -SRS O -, O -whereas O -none O -of O -the O -BMC O -- O -treated O -epileptic O -animals O -had O -seizures O -in O -the O -short O -term O -( O -15 O -days O -after O -transplantation O -) O -, O -regardless O -of O -the O -BMC O -source O -. O - -aps B-category -Over O -the O -long O -- O -term O -chronic O -phase O -( O -120 O -days O -after O -transplantation O -) O -, O -only O -25 O -% O -of O -BMC O -- O -treated O -epileptic O -animals O -had O -seizures O -, O -but O -with O -a O -lower O -frequency O -and O -duration O -compared O -to O -the O -epileptic O -control O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -density O -of O -hippocampal O -neurons O -in O -the O -brains O -of O -animals O -treated O -with O -BMCs O -was O -markedly O -preserved O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -hippocampal O -Schaeffer O -collateral O -- O -CA1 O -synapses O -, O -long O -- O -term O -potentiation O -was O -preserved O -in O -BMC O -- O -transplanted O -rats O -compared O -to O -epileptic O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -donor O -- O -derived O -GFP O -( O -+ O -) O -cells O -were O -rarely O -found O -in O -the O -brains O -of O -transplanted O -epileptic O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -treatment O -with O -BMCs O -can O -prevent O -the O -development O -of O -chronic O -seizures O -, O -reduce O -neuronal O -loss O -, O -and O -influence O -the O -reorganization O -of O -the O -hippocampal O -neuronal O -network O -. O - -aps B-category -Normalizing O -effects O -of O -modafinil B-Chemical -on O -sleep O -in O -chronic O -cocaine B-Chemical -users O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -The O -purpose O -of O -the O -present O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -the O -effect O -of O -morning O -- O -dosed O -modafinil B-Chemical -on O -sleep O -and O -daytime O -sleepiness O -in O -chronic O -cocaine B-Chemical -users O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -Twenty O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -dependent O -participants O -were O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -receive O -modafinil B-Chemical -, O -400 O -mg O -( O -N O -= O -10 O -) O -, O -or O -placebo O -( O -N O -= O -10 O -) O -every O -morning O -at O -7 O -: O -30 O -a O -. O -m O -. O -for O -16 O -days O -in O -an O -inpatient O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -randomized O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -Participants O -underwent O -polysomnographic O -sleep O -recordings O -on O -days O -1 O -to O -3 O -, O -7 O -to O -9 O -, O -and O -14 O -to O -16 O -( O -first O -, O -second O -, O -and O -third O -weeks O -of O -abstinence O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Multiple O -Sleep O -Latency O -Test O -was O -performed O -at O -11 O -: O -30 O -a O -. O -m O -. O -, O -2 O -: O -00 O -p O -. O -m O -. O -, O -and O -4 O -: O -30 O -p O -. O -m O -. O -on O -days O -2 O -, O -8 O -, O -and O -15 O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -comparison O -of O -sleep O -architecture O -variables O -, O -12 O -healthy O -comparison O -participants O -underwent O -a O -single O -night O -of O -experimental O -polysomnography O -that O -followed O -1 O -night O -of O -accommodation O -polysomnography O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Progressive O -abstinence O -from O -cocaine B-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -worsening O -of O -all O -measured O -polysomnographic O -sleep O -outcomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -with O -placebo O -, O -modafinil B-Chemical -decreased O -nighttime O -sleep O -latency O -and O -increased O -slow O -- O -wave O -sleep O -time O -in O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -dependent O -participants O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -modafinil B-Chemical -interacted O -with O -the O -abstinence O -week O -and O -was O -associated O -with O -longer O -total O -sleep O -time O -and O -shorter O -REM O -sleep O -latency O -in O -the O -third O -week O -of O -abstinence O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -slow O -- O -wave O -sleep O -time O -, O -total O -sleep O -time O -, O -and O -sleep O -latency O -in O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -dependent O -and O -healthy O -participants O -revealed O -a O -normalizing O -effect O -of O -modafinil B-Chemical -in O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -dependent O -participants O -. O - -aps B-category -Modafinil B-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -increased O -daytime O -sleep O -latency O -, O -as O -measured O -by O -the O -Multiple O -Sleep O -Latency O -Test O -, O -and O -a O -nearly O -significant O -decrease O -in O -subjective O -daytime O -sleepiness O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Morning O -- O -dosed O -modafinil B-Chemical -promotes O -nocturnal O -sleep O -, O -normalizes O -sleep O -architecture O -, O -and O -decreases O -daytime O -sleepiness O -in O -abstinent O -cocaine B-Chemical -users O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -may O -be O -relevant O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -dependence O -. O - -aps B-category -Safety O -of O -transesophageal O -echocardiography O -in O -adults O -: O -study O -in O -a O -multidisciplinary O -hospital O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -TEE O -is O -a O -semi O -- O -invasive O -tool O -broadly O -used O -and O -its O -utilization O -associated O -to O -sedatives O -drugs O -might O -to O -affect O -the O -procedure O -safety O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -to O -analyze O -aspects O -of O -TEE O -safety O -associated O -to O -the O -use O -of O -Midazolan B-Chemical -( O -MZ B-Chemical -) O -and O -Flumazenil B-Chemical -( O -FL B-Chemical -) O -and O -the O -influence O -of O -the O -clinical O -variables O -on O -the O -event O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -prospective O -study O -with O -137 O -patients O -that O -underwent O -TEE O -with O -MZ B-Chemical -associated O -to O -moderate O -sedation O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -analyzed O -the O -following O -events O -: O -complications O -related O -with O -the O -topical O -anesthesia O -, O -with O -MZ B-Chemical -use O -and O -with O -the O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -Uni O -- O -and O -multivariate O -analyses O -were O -used O -to O -test O -the O -influence O -of O -the O -clinical O -variables O -: O -age O -, O -sex O -, O -stroke O -, O -myocardiopathy O -( O -MP O -) O -, O -duration O -of O -the O -test O -, O -mitral O -regurgitation O -( O -MR O -) O -and O -the O -MZ B-Chemical -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -All O -patients O -( O -65 O -+ O -/ O -- O -16 O -yrs O -; O -58 O -% O -males O -) O -finished O -the O -examination O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -doses O -of O -MZ B-Chemical -and O -FL B-Chemical -were O -4 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -9 O -mg O -and O -0 O -. O -28 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -mg O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -duration O -of O -the O -examination O -and O -the O -mean O -ejection O -fraction O -( O -EF O -) O -were O -16 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -. O -1 O -minutes O -and O -60 O -+ O -/ O -- O -9 O -% O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Mild O -hypoxia O -( O -SO2 O -< O -90 O -% O -) O -was O -the O -most O -common O -event O -( O -11 O -patients O -) O -; O -3 O -patients O -( O -2 O -% O -) O -presented O -transient O -hypoxia O -due O -to O -upper O -airway O -obstruction O -by O -probe O -introduction O -and O -8 O -( O -5 O -. O -8 O -% O -) O -due O -to O -hypoxia O -caused O -by O -MZ B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Transient O -hypotension O -( O -SAP O -< O -90mmHg O -) O -occurred O -in O -1 O -patient O -( O -0 O -. O -7 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -multivariate O -analysis O -showed O -that O -severe O -MR O -, O -MP O -( O -EF O -< O -45 O -% O -) O -and O -high O -doses O -of O -MZ B-Chemical -( O -> O -5mg O -) O -were O -associated O -with O -events O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -EF O -was O -40 O -% O -, O -in O -the O -group O -with O -MP O -and O -44 O -% O -in O -the O -group O -with O -severe O -MR O -and O -it O -can O -be O -a O -factor O -associated O -with O -clinical O -events O -in O -the O -last O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -TEE O -with O -sedation O -presents O -a O -low O -rate O -of O -events O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -severe O -events O -and O -there O -was O -no O -need O -to O -interrupt O -the O -examinations O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -direct O -intracoronary O -administration O -of O -methylergonovine B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -and O -without O -variant O -angina O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -intracoronary O -administration O -of O -methylergonovine B-Chemical -were O -studied O -in O -21 O -patients O -with O -variant O -angina O -and O -22 O -patients O -with O -atypical O -chest O -pain O -and O -in O -others O -without O -angina O -pectoris O -( O -control O -group O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Methylergonovine B-Chemical -was O -administered O -continuously O -at O -a O -rate O -of O -10 O -micrograms O -/ O -min O -up O -to O -50 O -micrograms O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -patients O -with O -variant O -angina O -, O -coronary O -spasm O -was O -provoked O -at O -a O -mean O -dose O -of O -28 O -+ O -/ O -- O -13 O -micrograms O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -control O -group O -neither O -ischemic O -ST O -change O -nor O -localized O -spasm O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -basal O -tone O -of O -the O -right O -coronary O -artery O -was O -significantly O -lower O -than O -that O -of O -the O -left O -coronary O -artery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -percentage O -of O -vasoconstriction O -of O -the O -right O -coronary O -artery O -was O -significantly O -higher O -than O -that O -of O -the O -left O -coronary O -artery O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -spasm O -provocation O -tests O -, O -which O -use O -an O -intracoronary O -injection O -of O -a O -relatively O -low O -dose O -of O -methylergonovine B-Chemical -, O -have O -a O -high O -sensitivity O -in O -variant O -angina O -and O -the O -vasoreactivity O -of O -the O -right O -coronary O -artery O -may O -be O -greater O -than O -that O -of O -the O -other O -coronary O -arteries O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -manifestations O -of O -" O -meth O -mouth O -" O -: O -a O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -AIM O -: O -The O -aim O -of O -the O -documentation O -of O -this O -clinical O -case O -is O -to O -make O -clinicians O -aware O -of O -" O -meth O -mouth O -" O -and O -the O -medical O -risks O -associated O -with O -this O -serious O -condition O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Methamphetamine B-Chemical -is O -a O -very O -addictive O -, O -powerful O -stimulant O -that O -increases O -wakefulness O -and O -physical O -activity O -and O -can O -produce O -other O -effects O -such O -as O -cardiac O -dysrhythmias O -, O -hypertension O -, O -hallucinations O -, O -and O -violent O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -Dental O -patients O -abusing O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -can O -present O -with O -poor O -oral O -hygiene O -, O -xerostomia O -, O -rampant O -caries O -( O -" O -meth O -mouth O -" O -) O -, O -and O -excessive O -tooth O -wear O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -rehabilitation O -of O -patients O -using O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -can O -be O -challenging O -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -DESCRIPTION O -: O -A O -30 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -Caucasian O -woman O -presented O -with O -dental O -pain O -, O -bad O -breath O -, O -and O -self O -- O -reported O -poor O -esthetics O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comprehensive O -examination O -including O -her O -medical O -history O -, O -panoramic O -radiograph O -, O -and O -intraoral O -examination O -revealed O -19 O -carious O -lesions O -, O -which O -is O -not O -very O -common O -for O -a O -healthy O -adult O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -reported O -her O -use O -of O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -for O -five O -years O -and O -had O -not O -experienced O -any O -major O -carious O -episodes O -before O -she O -started O -using O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -SUMMARY O -: O -The O -patient O -' O -s O -medical O -and O -dental O -histories O -along O -with O -radiographic O -and O -clinical O -findings O -lead O -to O -a O -diagnosis O -of O -" O -meth O -mouth O -. O -" O -Although O -three O -different O -dental O -treatment O -modalities O -( O -either O -conventional O -or O -implant O -- O -supported O -) O -have O -been O -offered O -to O -the O -patient O -since O -August O -2007 O -, O -the O -patient O -has O -yet O -to O -initiate O -any O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -CLINICAL O -SIGNIFICANCE O -: O -This O -clinical O -case O -showing O -oral O -manifestations O -of O -meth O -mouth O -was O -presented O -to O -help O -dental O -practitioners O -recognize O -and O -manage O -patients O -who O -may O -be O -abusing O -methamphetamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dental O -practitioners O -also O -may O -be O -skeptical O -about O -the O -reliability O -of O -appointment O -keeping O -by O -these O -patients O -, O -as O -they O -frequently O -miss O -their O -appointments O -without O -reasonable O -justification O -. O - -aps B-category -Antituberculosis B-Chemical -therapy O -- O -induced O -acute O -liver O -failure O -: O -magnitude O -, O -profile O -, O -prognosis O -, O -and O -predictors O -of O -outcome O -. O - -aps B-category -Antituberculosis B-Chemical -therapy O -( O -ATT O -) O -- O -associated O -acute O -liver O -failure O -( O -ATT O -- O -ALF O -) O -is O -the O -commonest O -drug O -- O -induced O -ALF O -in O -South O -Asia O -. O - -aps B-category -Prospective O -studies O -on O -ATT O -- O -ALF O -are O -lacking O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -current O -study O -prospectively O -evaluated O -the O -magnitude O -, O -clinical O -course O -, O -outcome O -, O -and O -prognostic O -factors O -in O -ATT O -- O -ALF O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -January O -1986 O -to O -January O -2009 O -, O -1223 O -consecutive O -ALF O -patients O -were O -evaluated O -: O -ATT O -alone O -was O -the O -cause O -in O -70 O -( O -5 O -. O -7 O -% O -) O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Another O -15 O -( O -1 O -. O -2 O -% O -) O -had O -ATT O -and O -simultaneous O -hepatitis O -virus O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -44 O -( O -62 O -. O -8 O -% O -) O -patients O -, O -ATT O -was O -prescribed O -empirically O -without O -definitive O -evidence O -of O -tuberculosis O -. O - -aps B-category -ATT O -- O -ALF O -patients O -were O -younger O -( O -32 O -. O -87 O -[ O -+ O -/ O -- O -15 O -. O -8 O -] O -years O -) O -, O -and O -49 O -( O -70 O -% O -) O -of O -them O -were O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -had O -hyperacute O -presentation O -; O -the O -median O -icterus O -encephalopathy O -interval O -was O -4 O -. O -5 O -( O -0 O -- O -30 O -) O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -median O -duration O -of O -ATT O -before O -ALF O -was O -30 O -( O -7 O -- O -350 O -) O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -presentation O -, O -advanced O -encephalopathy O -and O -cerebral O -edema O -were O -present O -in O -51 O -( O -76 O -% O -) O -and O -29 O -( O -41 O -. O -4 O -% O -) O -patients O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Gastrointestinal O -bleed O -, O -seizures O -, O -infection O -, O -and O -acute O -renal O -failure O -were O -documented O -in O -seven O -( O -10 O -% O -) O -, O -five O -( O -7 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -, O -26 O -( O -37 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -seven O -( O -10 O -% O -) O -patients O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -with O -hepatitis O -E O -virus O -( O -HEV O -) O -and O -non O -- O -A O -non O -- O -E O -- O -induced O -ALF O -, O -ATT O -- O -ALF O -patients O -had O -nearly O -similar O -presentations O -except O -for O -older O -age O -and O -less O -elevation O -of O -liver O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mortality O -rate O -among O -patients O -with O -ATT O -- O -ALF O -was O -high O -( O -67 O -. O -1 O -% O -, O -n O -= O -47 O -) O -, O -and O -only O -23 O -( O -32 O -. O -9 O -% O -) O -patients O -recovered O -with O -medical O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -multivariate O -analysis O -, O -three O -factors O -independently O -predicted O -mortality O -: O -serum O -bilirubin B-Chemical -( O -> O -or O -= O -10 O -. O -8 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -) O -, O -prothrombin O -time O -( O -PT O -) O -prolongation O -( O -> O -or O -= O -26 O -seconds O -) O -, O -and O -grade O -III O -/ O -IV O -encephalopathy O -at O -presentation O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -ATT O -- O -ALF O -constituted O -5 O -. O -7 O -% O -of O -ALF O -at O -our O -center O -and O -had O -a O -high O -mortality O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -the O -mortality O -rate O -is O -so O -high O -, O -determining O -which O -factors O -are O -predictors O -is O -less O -important O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -high O -proportion O -of O -patients O -had O -consumed O -ATT O -empirically O -, O -which O -could O -have O -been O -prevented O -. O - -aps B-category -Design O -and O -analysis O -of O -the O -HYPREN O -- O -trial O -: O -safety O -of O -enalapril B-Chemical -and O -prazosin B-Chemical -in O -the O -initial O -treatment O -phase O -of O -patients O -with O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -introduction O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -converting I-Chemical -enzyme I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -ACE I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -inhibitors I-Chemical -into O -the O -adjunctive O -treatment O -of O -patients O -with O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -, O -cases O -of O -severe O -hypotension O -, O -especially O -on O -the O -first O -day O -of O -treatment O -, O -have O -occasionally O -been O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -assess O -the O -safety O -of O -the O -ACE B-Chemical -inhibitor I-Chemical -enalapril B-Chemical -a O -multicenter O -, O -randomized O -, O -prazosin B-Chemical -- O -controlled O -trial O -was O -designed O -that O -compared O -the O -incidence O -and O -severity O -of O -symptomatic O -hypotension O -on O -the O -first O -day O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Trial O -medication O -was O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -enalapril B-Chemical -or O -0 O -. O -5 O -prazosin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Subjects O -were O -1210 O -inpatients O -with O -New O -York O -Heart O -Association O -( O -NYHA O -) O -functional O -class O -II O -and O -III O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -who O -received O -enalapril B-Chemical -experienced O -clinically O -and O -statistically O -significantly O -less O -symptomatic O -hypotension O -( O -5 O -. O -2 O -% O -) O -than O -the O -patients O -who O -received O -prazosin B-Chemical -( O -12 O -. O -9 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -recovered O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -treatment O -with O -enalapril B-Chemical -was O -well O -tolerated O -and O -it O -is O -, O -therefore O -, O -unreasonable O -to O -restrict O -the O -initiation O -of O -treatment O -with O -enalapril B-Chemical -to O -inpatients O -. O - -aps B-category -Central O -nervous O -system O -complications O -during O -treatment O -of O -acute O -lymphoblastic O -leukemia O -in O -a O -single O -pediatric O -institution O -. O - -aps B-category -Central O -nervous O -system O -( O -CNS O -) O -complications O -during O -treatment O -of O -childhood O -acute O -lymphoblastic O -leukemia O -( O -ALL O -) O -remain O -a O -challenging O -clinical O -problem O -. O - -aps B-category -Outcome O -improvement O -with O -more O -intensive O -chemotherapy O -has O -significantly O -increased O -the O -incidence O -and O -severity O -of O -adverse O -events O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -analyzed O -the O -incidence O -of O -neurological O -complications O -during O -ALL O -treatment O -in O -a O -single O -pediatric O -institution O -, O -focusing O -on O -clinical O -, O -radiological O -, O -and O -electrophysiological O -findings O -. O - -aps B-category -Exclusion O -criteria O -included O -CNS O -leukemic O -infiltration O -at O -diagnosis O -, O -therapy O -- O -related O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -, O -late O -- O -onset O -encephalopathy O -, O -or O -long O -- O -term O -neurocognitive O -defects O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -a O -9 O -- O -year O -period O -, O -we O -retrospectively O -collected O -27 O -neurological O -events O -( O -11 O -% O -) O -in O -as O -many O -patients O -, O -from O -253 O -children O -enrolled O -in O -the O -ALL O -front O -- O -line O -protocol O -. O - -aps B-category -CNS O -complications O -included O -posterior O -reversible O -leukoencephalopathy O -syndrome O -( O -n O -= O -10 O -) O -, O -stroke O -( O -n O -= O -5 O -) O -, O -temporal O -lobe O -epilepsy O -( O -n O -= O -2 O -) O -, O -high O -- O -dose O -methotrexate B-Chemical -toxicity O -( O -n O -= O -2 O -) O -, O -syndrome O -of O -inappropriate O -antidiuretic O -hormone O -secretion O -( O -n O -= O -1 O -) O -, O -and O -other O -unclassified O -events O -( O -n O -= O -7 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -CNS O -complications O -are O -frequent O -events O -during O -ALL O -therapy O -, O -and O -require O -rapid O -detection O -and O -prompt O -treatment O -to O -limit O -permanent O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -causes O -memory O -and O -learning O -impairments O -in O -rats O -: O -involvement O -of O -nuclear O -factor O -kappa O -B O -and O -oxidative O -stress O -, O -and O -prevention O -by O -topiramate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Different O -mechanisms O -have O -been O -suggested O -for O -cocaine B-Chemical -toxicity O -including O -an O -increase O -in O -oxidative O -stress O -but O -the O -association O -between O -oxidative O -status O -in O -the O -brain O -and O -cocaine B-Chemical -induced O -- O -behaviour O -is O -poorly O -understood O -. O - -aps B-category -Nuclear O -factor O -kappa O -B O -( O -NFkappaB O -) O -is O -a O -sensor O -of O -oxidative O -stress O -and O -participates O -in O -memory O -formation O -that O -could O -be O -involved O -in O -drug O -toxicity O -and O -addiction O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -NFkappaB O -activity O -, O -oxidative O -stress O -, O -neuronal O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -synthase O -( O -nNOS O -) O -activity O -, O -spatial O -learning O -and O -memory O -as O -well O -as O -the O -effect O -of O -topiramate B-Chemical -, O -a O -previously O -proposed O -therapy O -for O -cocaine O -addiction O -, O -were O -evaluated O -in O -an O -experimental O -model O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -administration O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -NFkappaB O -activity O -was O -decreased O -in O -the O -frontal O -cortex O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -treated O -rats O -, O -as O -well O -as O -GSH B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -peroxidase O -activity O -in O -the O -hippocampus O -, O -whereas O -nNOS O -activity O -in O -the O -hippocampus O -was O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Memory O -retrieval O -of O -experiences O -acquired O -prior O -to O -cocaine B-Chemical -administration O -was O -impaired O -and O -negatively O -correlated O -with O -NFkappaB O -activity O -in O -the O -frontal O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -learning O -of O -new O -tasks O -was O -enhanced O -and O -correlated O -with O -the O -increase O -of O -nNOS O -activity O -and O -the O -decrease O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -peroxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -provide O -evidence O -for O -a O -possible O -mechanistic O -role O -of O -oxidative O -and O -nitrosative O -stress O -and O -NFkappaB O -in O -the O -alterations O -induced O -by O -cocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Topiramate B-Chemical -prevented O -all O -the O -alterations O -observed O -, O -showing O -novel O -neuroprotective O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -Efficacy O -and O -safety O -of O -asenapine B-Chemical -in O -a O -placebo O -- O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -controlled O -trial O -in O -patients O -with O -acute O -exacerbation O -of O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Asenapine B-Chemical -is O -approved O -by O -the O -Food O -and O -Drugs O -Administration O -in O -adults O -for O -acute O -treatment O -of O -schizophrenia O -or O -of O -manic O -or O -mixed O -episodes O -associated O -with O -bipolar O -I O -disorder O -with O -or O -without O -psychotic O -features O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -6 O -- O -week O -trial O -, O -458 O -patients O -with O -acute O -schizophrenia O -were O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -fixed O -- O -dose O -treatment O -with O -asenapine B-Chemical -at O -5 O -mg O -twice O -daily O -( O -BID O -) O -, O -asenapine B-Chemical -at O -10 O -mg O -BID O -, O -placebo O -, O -or O -haloperidol B-Chemical -at O -4 O -mg O -BID O -( O -to O -verify O -assay O -sensitivity O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -last O -observations O -carried O -forward O -( O -LOCF O -) O -, O -mean O -Positive O -and O -Negative O -Syndrome O -Scale O -total O -score O -reductions O -from O -baseline O -to O -endpoint O -were O -significantly O -greater O -with O -asenapine B-Chemical -at O -5 O -mg O -BID O -( O -- O -16 O -. O -2 O -) O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -- O -15 O -. O -4 O -) O -than O -placebo O -( O -- O -10 O -. O -7 O -; O -both O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -; O -using O -mixed O -model O -for O -repeated O -measures O -( O -MMRM O -) O -, O -changes O -at O -day O -42 O -were O -significantly O -greater O -with O -asenapine B-Chemical -at O -5 O -and O -10 O -mg O -BID O -( O -- O -21 O -. O -3 O -and O -- O -19 O -. O -4 O -, O -respectively O -) O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -- O -20 O -. O -0 O -) O -than O -placebo O -( O -- O -14 O -. O -6 O -; O -all O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -Positive O -and O -Negative O -Syndrome O -Scale O -positive O -subscale O -, O -all O -treatments O -were O -superior O -to O -placebo O -with O -LOCF O -and O -MMRM O -; O -asenapine B-Chemical -at O -5 O -mg O -BID O -was O -superior O -to O -placebo O -on O -the O -negative O -subscale O -with O -MMRM O -and O -on O -the O -general O -psychopathology O -subscale O -with O -LOCF O -and O -MMRM O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -- O -related O -adverse O -events O -( O -AEs O -) O -occurred O -in O -44 O -% O -and O -52 O -% O -, O -57 O -% O -, O -and O -41 O -% O -of O -the O -asenapine B-Chemical -at O -5 O -and O -10 O -mg O -BID O -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -and O -placebo O -groups O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Extrapyramidal O -symptoms O -reported O -as O -AEs O -occurred O -in O -15 O -% O -and O -18 O -% O -, O -34 O -% O -, O -and O -10 O -% O -of O -the O -asenapine B-Chemical -at O -5 O -and O -10 O -mg O -BID O -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -and O -placebo O -groups O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Across O -all O -groups O -, O -no O -more O -than O -5 O -% O -of O -patients O -had O -clinically O -significant O -weight O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -Post O -hoc O -analyses O -indicated O -that O -efficacy O -was O -similar O -with O -asenapine B-Chemical -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -; O -greater O -contrasts O -were O -seen O -in O -AEs O -, O -especially O -extrapyramidal O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Salvage O -therapy O -with O -nelarabine B-Chemical -, O -etoposide B-Chemical -, O -and O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -in O -relapsed O -/ O -refractory O -paediatric O -T O -- O -cell O -lymphoblastic O -leukaemia O -and O -lymphoma O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -combination O -of O -5 O -d O -of O -nelarabine B-Chemical -( O -AraG B-Chemical -) O -with O -5 O -d O -of O -etoposide B-Chemical -( O -VP B-Chemical -) O -and O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -CPM B-Chemical -) O -and O -prophylactic O -intrathecal O -chemotherapy O -was O -used O -as O -salvage O -therapy O -in O -seven O -children O -with O -refractory O -or O -relapsed O -T O -- O -cell O -leukaemia O -or O -lymphoma O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -common O -side O -effects O -attributable O -to O -the O -AraG B-Chemical -included O -Grade O -2 O -and O -3 O -sensory O -and O -motor O -neuropathy O -and O -musculoskeletal O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -Haematological O -toxicity O -was O -greater O -for O -the O -combination O -than O -AraG B-Chemical -alone O -, O -although O -median O -time O -to O -neutrophil O -and O -platelet O -recovery O -was O -consistent O -with O -other O -salvage O -therapies O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -had O -some O -response O -to O -the O -combined O -therapy O -and O -five O -of O -the O -seven O -went O -into O -complete O -remission O -after O -one O -or O -two O -courses O -of O -AraG B-Chemical -/ O -VP B-Chemical -/ O -CPM B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -experience O -supports O -the O -safety O -of O -giving O -AraG B-Chemical -as O -salvage O -therapy O -in O -synchrony O -with O -etoposide B-Chemical -and O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -, O -although O -neurological O -toxicity O -must O -be O -closely O -monitored O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -adriamycin B-Chemical -combined O -with O -whole O -body O -hyperthermia O -on O -tumor O -and O -normal O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Thermal O -enhancement O -of O -Adriamycin B-Chemical -- O -mediated O -antitumor O -activity O -and O -normal O -tissue O -toxicities O -by O -whole O -body O -hyperthermia O -were O -compared O -using O -a O -F344 O -rat O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Antitumor O -activity O -was O -studied O -using O -a O -tumor O -growth O -delay O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -normal O -tissue O -toxicities O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -leukopenia O -and O -thrombocytopenia O -) O -and O -late O -normal O -tissue O -toxicities O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -myocardial O -and O -kidney O -injury O -) O -were O -evaluated O -by O -functional O -/ O -physiological O -assays O -and O -by O -morphological O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -Whole O -body O -hyperthermia O -( O -120 O -min O -at O -41 O -. O -5 O -degrees O -C O -) O -enhanced O -both O -Adriamycin B-Chemical -- O -mediated O -antitumor O -activity O -and O -toxic O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thermal O -enhancement O -ratio O -calculated O -for O -antitumor O -activity O -was O -1 O -. O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -Thermal O -enhancement O -ratios O -estimated O -for O -" O -acute O -" O -hematological O -changes O -were O -1 O -. O -3 O -, O -whereas O -those O -estimated O -for O -" O -late O -" O -damage O -( O -based O -on O -morphological O -cardiac O -and O -renal O -lesions O -) O -varied O -between O -2 O -. O -4 O -and O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -while O -whole O -body O -hyperthermia O -enhances O -Adriamycin B-Chemical -- O -mediated O -antitumor O -effect O -, O -normal O -tissue O -toxicity O -is O -also O -increased O -, O -and O -the O -potential O -therapeutic O -gain O -of O -the O -combined O -modality O -treatment O -is O -eroded O -. O - -aps B-category -Permeability O -, O -ultrastructural O -changes O -, O -and O -distribution O -of O -novel O -proteins O -in O -the O -glomerular O -barrier O -in O -early O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -nephrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -/ O -AIMS O -: O -It O -is O -still O -unclear O -what O -happens O -in O -the O -glomerulus O -when O -proteinuria O -starts O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -nephrosis O -( O -PAN O -) O -rats O -, O -we O -studied O -early O -ultrastructural O -and O -permeability O -changes O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -expression O -of O -the O -podocyte O -- O -associated O -molecules O -nephrin O -, O -a O -- O -actinin O -, O -dendrin O -, O -and O -plekhh2 O -, O -the O -last O -two O -of O -which O -were O -only O -recently O -discovered O -in O -podocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Using O -immune O -stainings O -, O -semiquantitative O -measurement O -was O -performed O -under O -the O -electron O -microscope O -. O - -aps B-category -Permeability O -was O -assessed O -using O -isolated O -kidney O -perfusion O -with O -tracers O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -effects O -of O -ACE O -inhibition O -were O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -By O -day O -2 O -, O -some O -patchy O -foot O -process O -effacement O -, O -but O -no O -proteinuria O -, O -appeared O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -of O -nephrin O -was O -reduced O -in O -both O -diseased O -and O -normal O -areas O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -other O -proteins O -showed O -few O -changes O -, O -which O -were O -limited O -to O -diseased O -areas O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -day O -4 O -, O -foot O -process O -effacement O -was O -complete O -and O -proteinuria O -appeared O -in O -parallel O -with O -signs O -of O -size O -barrier O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -Nephrin O -decreased O -further O -, O -while O -dendrin O -and O -plekhh2 O -also O -decreased O -but O -a O -- O -actinin O -remained O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -ACE O -inhibition O -had O -no O -significant O -protective O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -PAN O -glomeruli O -already O -showed O -significant O -pathology O -by O -day O -4 O -, O -despite O -relatively O -mild O -proteinuria O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -preceded O -by O -altered O -nephrin O -expression O -, O -supporting O -its O -pivotal O -role O -in O -podocyte O -morphology O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -novel O -proteins O -dendrin O -and O -plekhh2 O -were O -both O -reduced O -, O -suggesting O -roles O -in O -PAN O -, O -whereas O -a O -- O -actinin O -was O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -novel O -, O -multiple O -symptom O -model O -of O -obsessive O -- O -compulsive O -- O -like O -behaviors O -in O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Current O -animal O -models O -of O -obsessive O -- O -compulsive O -disorder O -( O -OCD O -) O -typically O -involve O -acute O -, O -drug O -- O -induced O -symptom O -provocation O -or O -a O -genetic O -association O -with O -stereotypies O -or O -anxiety O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -these O -current O -models O -demonstrate O -multiple O -OCD O -- O -like O -behaviors O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Neonatal O -rats O -were O -treated O -with O -the O -tricyclic O -antidepressant B-Chemical -clomipramine B-Chemical -or O -vehicle O -between O -days O -9 O -and O -16 O -twice O -daily O -and O -behaviorally O -tested O -in O -adulthood O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Clomipramine B-Chemical -exposure O -in O -immature O -rats O -produced O -significant O -behavioral O -and O -biochemical O -changes O -that O -include O -enhanced O -anxiety O -( O -elevated O -plus O -maze O -and O -marble O -burying O -) O -, O -behavioral O -inflexibility O -( O -perseveration O -in O -the O -spontaneous O -alternation O -task O -and O -impaired O -reversal O -learning O -) O -, O -working O -memory O -impairment O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -win O -- O -shift O -paradigm O -) O -, O -hoarding O -, O -and O -corticostriatal O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -D2 O -receptors O -were O -elevated O -in O -the O -striatum O -, O -whereas O -serotonin B-Chemical -2C O -, O -but O -not O -serotonin B-Chemical -1A O -, O -receptors O -were O -elevated O -in O -the O -orbital O -frontal O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -This O -is O -the O -first O -demonstration O -of O -multiple O -symptoms O -consistent O -with O -an O -OCD O -- O -like O -profile O -in O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -these O -behaviors O -are O -accompanied O -by O -biochemical O -changes O -in O -brain O -regions O -previously O -identified O -as O -relevant O -to O -OCD O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -novel O -model O -of O -OCD O -demonstrates O -that O -drug O -exposure O -during O -a O -sensitive O -period O -can O -program O -disease O -- O -like O -systems O -permanently O -, O -which O -could O -have O -implications O -for O -current O -and O -future O -therapeutic O -strategies O -for O -this O -and O -other O -psychiatric O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -Elevation O -of O -ADAM10 O -, O -ADAM17 O -, O -MMP O -- O -2 O -and O -MMP O -- O -9 O -expression O -with O -media O -degeneration O -features O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -- O -induced O -thoracic O -aortic O -aneurysm O -in O -a O -rat O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -This O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -establish O -a O -rat O -model O -of O -thoracic O -aortic O -aneurysm O -( O -TAA O -) O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -( O -CaCl B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -arterial O -injury O -and O -to O -explore O -the O -potential O -role O -of O -a O -disintegrin O -and O -metalloproteinase O -( O -ADAM O -) O -, O -matrix O -metalloproteinases O -( O -MMPs O -) O -and O -their O -endogenous O -inhibitors O -( O -TIMPs O -) O -in O -TAA O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Thoracic O -aorta O -of O -male O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -was O -exposed O -to O -0 O -. O -5M O -CaCl B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -or O -normal O -saline O -( O -NaCl B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -12weeks O -, O -animals O -were O -euthanized O -, O -and O -CaCl B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- O -treated O -, O -CaCl B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- O -untreated O -( O -n O -= O -12 O -) O -and O -NaCl B-Chemical -- O -treated O -aortic O -segments O -( O -n O -= O -12 O -) O -were O -collected O -for O -histological O -and O -molecular O -assessments O -. O - -aps B-category -MMP O -- O -TIMP O -and O -ADAM O -mRNAs O -were O -semi O -- O -quantitatively O -analyzed O -and O -protein O -expressions O -were O -determined O -by O -immunohistochemistry O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Despite O -similar O -external O -diameters O -among O -CaCl B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- O -treated O -, O -non O -- O -CaCl B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- O -treated O -and O -NaCl B-Chemical -- O -treated O -segments O -, O -aneurymal O -alteration O -( O -n O -= O -6 O -, O -50 O -% O -) O -, O -media O -degeneration O -with O -regional O -disruption O -, O -fragmentation O -of O -elastic O -fiber O -, O -and O -increased O -collagen O -deposition O -( O -n O -= O -12 O -, O -100 O -% O -) O -were O -demonstrated O -in O -CaCl B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- O -treated O -segments O -. O - -aps B-category -MMP O -- O -2 O -, O -MMP O -- O -9 O -, O -ADAM O -- O -10 O -and O -ADAM O -- O -17 O -mRNA O -levels O -were O -increased O -in O -CaCl B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- O -treated O -segments O -( O -all O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -with O -trends O -of O -elevation O -in O -CaCl B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- O -untreated O -segments O -, O -as O -compared O -with O -NaCl B-Chemical -- O -treated O -segments O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunohistochemistry O -displayed O -significantly O -increased O -expressions O -of O -MMP O -- O -2 O -, O -MMP O -- O -9 O -, O -ADAM O -- O -10 O -and O -ADAM O -- O -17 O -( O -all O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -in O -intima O -and O -media O -for O -CaCl B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- O -treated O -segments O -. O - -aps B-category -TIMP O -mRNA O -and O -tissue O -levels O -did O -not O -differ O -obviously O -among O -the O -three O -aortic O -segments O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -This O -study O -establishes O -a O -TAA O -model O -by O -periarterial O -CaCl B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -exposure O -in O -rats O -, O -and O -demonstrates O -a O -significant O -elevation O -of O -expression O -of O -MMP O -- O -2 O -, O -MMP O -- O -9 O -, O -ADAM10 O -and O -ADAM17 O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -vascular O -remodeling O -. O - -aps B-category -Suxamethonium B-Chemical -induced O -prolonged O -apnea O -in O -a O -patient O -receiving O -electroconvulsive O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Suxamethonium B-Chemical -causes O -prolonged O -apnea O -in O -patients O -in O -whom O -pseudocholinesterase O -enzyme O -gets O -deactivated O -by O -organophosphorus B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -OP I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -poisons I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -, O -we O -present O -a O -similar O -incident O -in O -a O -severely O -depressed O -patient O -who O -received O -electroconvulsive O -therapy O -( O -ECT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolonged O -apnea O -in O -our O -case O -ensued O -because O -the O -information O -about O -suicidal O -attempt O -by O -OP B-Chemical -compound I-Chemical -was O -concealed O -from O -the O -treating O -team O -. O - -aps B-category -Curcumin B-Chemical -ameliorates O -cognitive O -dysfunction O -and O -oxidative O -damage O -in O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -and O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -administered O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antiepileptic O -drugs O -, O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -and O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -are O -well O -known O -to O -cause O -cognitive O -impairment O -on O -chronic O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -free O -radical O -generation O -has O -been O -implicated O -as O -one O -of O -the O -important O -mechanisms O -of O -cognitive O -impairment O -by O -antiepileptic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Curcumin B-Chemical -has O -shown O -antioxidant O -, O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -and O -neuro O -- O -protective O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -the O -present O -study O -was O -carried O -out O -to O -investigate O -the O -effect O -of O -chronic O -curcumin B-Chemical -administration O -on O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -- O -and O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cognitive O -impairment O -and O -oxidative O -stress O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacokinetic O -interactions O -of O -curcumin B-Chemical -with O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -and O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -were O -also O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Vehicle O -/ O -drugs O -were O -administered O -daily O -for O -21days O -to O -male O -Wistar O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Passive O -avoidance O -paradigm O -and O -elevated O -plus O -maze O -test O -were O -used O -to O -assess O -cognitive O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -end O -of O -study O -period O -, O -serum O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -and O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -, O -whole O -brain O -malondialdehyde B-Chemical -and O -reduced O -glutathione B-Chemical -levels O -were O -estimated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -and O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -for O -21days O -caused O -a O -significant O -impairment O -of O -learning O -and O -memory O -as O -well O -as O -an O -increased O -oxidative O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -Concomitant O -curcumin B-Chemical -administration O -prevented O -the O -cognitive O -impairment O -and O -decreased O -the O -increased O -oxidative O -stress O -induced O -by O -these O -antiepileptic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Curcumin B-Chemical -co O -- O -administration O -did O -not O -cause O -any O -significant O -alteration O -in O -the O -serum O -concentrations O -of O -both O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -show O -that O -curcumin B-Chemical -has O -beneficial O -effect O -in O -mitigating O -the O -deterioration O -of O -cognitive O -functions O -and O -oxidative O -damage O -in O -rats O -treated O -with O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -and O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -without O -significantly O -altering O -their O -serum O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -suggest O -that O -curcumin B-Chemical -can O -be O -considered O -as O -a O -potential O -safe O -and O -effective O -adjuvant O -to O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -and O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -preventing O -cognitive O -impairment O -associated O -with O -these O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Can O -angiogenesis O -be O -a O -target O -of O -treatment O -for O -ribavirin B-Chemical -associated O -hemolytic O -anemia O -? O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -/ O -AIMS O -: O -Recently O -ribavirin B-Chemical -has O -been O -found O -to O -inhibit O -angiogenesis O -and O -a O -number O -of O -angiogenesis O -inhibitors O -such O -as O -sunitinib B-Chemical -and O -sorafenib B-Chemical -have O -been O -found O -to O -cause O -acute O -hemolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -aimed O -to O -investigate O -whether O -there O -is O -a O -relation O -between O -hemoglobin O -, O -haptoglobin O -and O -angiogenesis O -soluble O -markers O -which O -are O -modifiable O -and O -can O -help O -in O -developing O -strategies O -against O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Fourteen O -patients O -chronically O -infected O -with O -hepatitis O -C O -virus O -were O -treated O -by O -pegylated B-Chemical -interferon I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -2a I-Chemical -and O -ribavirin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -hemoglobin O -, O -haptoglobin O -and O -angiogenesis O -markers O -of O -vascular O -endothelial O -growth O -factor O -and O -angiopoetin O -- O -2 O -were O -investigated O -before O -and O -after O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -We O -observed O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -haptoglobin O -levels O -at O -the O -end O -of O -the O -treatment O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemoglobin O -levels O -also O -decreased O -but O -insignificantly O -by O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -with O -the O -literature O -, O -serum O -levels O -of O -angiogenesis O -factors O -did O -not O -change O -significantly O -by O -pegylated B-Chemical -interferon I-Chemical -and O -ribavirin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -no O -correlation O -of O -angiogenesis O -soluble O -markers O -with O -either O -hemoglobin O -or O -haptoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -This O -is O -the O -first O -study O -in O -the O -literature O -investigating O -a O -link O -between O -angiogenesis O -soluble O -markers O -and O -ribavirin B-Chemical -induced O -anemia O -in O -patients O -with O -hepatitis O -C O -and O -we O -could O -not O -find O -any O -relation O -. O - -aps B-category -Future O -research O -with O -larger O -number O -of O -patients O -is O -needed O -to O -find O -out O -modifiable O -factors O -that O -will O -improve O -the O -safety O -of O -ribavirin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -in O -injection O -pain O -using O -buffered O -lidocaine B-Chemical -as O -a O -local O -anesthetic O -before O -cardiac O -catheterization O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -reports O -have O -suggested O -that O -pain O -associated O -with O -the O -injection O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -is O -related O -to O -the O -acidic O -pH O -of O -the O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -determine O -if O -the O -addition O -of O -a O -buffering O -solution O -to O -adjust O -the O -pH O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -into O -the O -physiologic O -range O -would O -reduce O -pain O -during O -injection O -, O -we O -performed O -a O -blinded O -randomized O -study O -in O -patients O -undergoing O -cardiac O -catheterization O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -patients O -were O -asked O -to O -quantify O -the O -severity O -of O -pain O -after O -receiving O -standard O -lidocaine B-Chemical -in O -one O -femoral O -area O -and O -buffered O -lidocaine B-Chemical -in O -the O -opposite O -femoral O -area O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -pain O -score O -for O -buffered O -lidocaine B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -lower O -than O -the O -mean O -score O -for O -standard O -lidocaine B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -9 O -vs O -. O -3 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -2 O -, O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -03 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -adjustment O -of O -standard O -lidocaine B-Chemical -can O -be O -accomplished O -easily O -in O -the O -catheterization O -laboratory O -before O -injection O -and O -results O -in O -a O -reduction O -of O -the O -pain O -occurring O -during O -the O -infiltration O -of O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glyceryl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphorylcholine I-Chemical -on O -amnesia O -caused O -by O -scopolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -carried O -out O -to O -test O -the O -effects O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycerylphosphorylcholine I-Chemical -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -GFC I-Chemical -) O -on O -memory O -impairment O -induced O -by O -scopolamine B-Chemical -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -two O -healthy O -young O -volunteers O -were O -randomly O -allocated O -to O -four O -different O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -were O -given O -a O -ten O -day O -pretreatment O -with O -either O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -GFC I-Chemical -or O -placebo O -, O -p O -. O -o O -. O -, O -and O -on O -the O -eleventh O -day O -either O -scopolamine B-Chemical -or O -placebo O -, O -i O -. O -m O -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -and O -0 O -. O -5 O -, O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -and O -6 O -h O -after O -injection O -the O -subjects O -were O -given O -attention O -and O -mnemonic O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -of O -this O -study O -indicate O -that O -the O -drug O -is O -able O -to O -antagonize O -impairment O -of O -attention O -and O -memory O -induced O -by O -scopolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Safety O -of O -capecitabine B-Chemical -: O -a O -review O -. O - -aps B-category -IMPORTANCE O -OF O -THE O -FIELD O -: O -Fluoropyrimidines B-Chemical -, O -in O -particular O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -) O -, O -have O -been O -the O -mainstay O -of O -treatment O -for O -several O -solid O -tumors O -, O -including O -colorectal O -, O -breast O -and O -head O -and O -neck O -cancers O -, O -for O -> O -40 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -AREAS O -COVERED O -IN O -THIS O -REVIEW O -: O -This O -article O -reviews O -the O -pharmacology O -and O -efficacy O -of O -capecitabine B-Chemical -with O -a O -special O -emphasis O -on O -its O -safety O -. O - -aps B-category -WHAT O -THE O -READER O -WILL O -GAIN O -: O -The O -reader O -will O -gain O -better O -insight O -into O -the O -safety O -of O -capecitabine B-Chemical -in O -special O -populations O -such O -as O -patients O -with O -advanced O -age O -, O -renal O -and O -kidney O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -also O -explore O -different O -dosing O -and O -schedules O -of O -capecitabine B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -TAKE O -HOME O -MESSAGE O -: O -Capecitabine B-Chemical -is O -an O -oral O -prodrug O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -and O -was O -developed O -to O -fulfill O -the O -need O -for O -a O -more O -convenient O -therapy O -and O -provide O -an O -improved O -safety O -/ O -efficacy O -profile O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -shown O -promising O -results O -alone O -or O -in O -combination O -with O -other O -chemotherapeutic O -agents O -in O -colorectal O -, O -breast O -, O -pancreaticobiliary O -, O -gastric O -, O -renal O -cell O -and O -head O -and O -neck O -cancers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -commonly O -reported O -toxic O -effects O -of O -capecitabine B-Chemical -are O -diarrhea O -, O -nausea O -, O -vomiting O -, O -stomatitis O -and O -hand O -- O -foot O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Capecitabine B-Chemical -has O -a O -well O -- O -established O -safety O -profile O -and O -can O -be O -given O -safely O -to O -patients O -with O -advanced O -age O -, O -hepatic O -and O -renal O -dysfunctions O -. O - -aps B-category -Levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -in O -patients O -with O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -: O -filling O -the O -bench O -- O -to O -- O -bedside O -gap O -. O - -aps B-category -Levodopa B-Chemical -is O -the O -most O -effective O -drug O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -long O -- O -term O -use O -of O -this O -dopamine B-Chemical -precursor O -is O -complicated O -by O -highly O -disabling O -fluctuations O -and O -dyskinesias O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -preclinical O -and O -clinical O -findings O -suggest O -pulsatile O -stimulation O -of O -striatal O -postsynaptic O -receptors O -as O -a O -key O -mechanism O -underlying O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -, O -their O -pathogenesis O -is O -still O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -recent O -years O -, O -evidence O -from O -animal O -models O -of O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -has O -provided O -important O -information O -to O -understand O -the O -effect O -of O -specific O -receptor O -and O -post O -- O -receptor O -molecular O -mechanisms O -underlying O -the O -development O -of O -dyskinetic O -movements O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -preclinical O -and O -clinical O -data O -from O -promising O -lines O -of O -research O -focus O -on O -the O -differential O -role O -of O -presynaptic O -versus O -postsynaptic O -mechanisms O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -subtypes O -, O -ionotropic O -and O -metabotropic O -glutamate B-Chemical -receptors O -, O -and O -non O -- O -dopaminergic O -neurotransmitter O -systems O -in O -the O -pathophysiology O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesias O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -pallidal O -neurotensin B-Chemical -on O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -parkinsonian O -catalepsy O -: O -behavioral O -and O -electrophysiological O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -The O -globus O -pallidus O -plays O -a O -critical O -role O -in O -movement O -regulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -studies O -have O -indicated O -that O -the O -globus O -pallidus O -receives O -neurotensinergic O -innervation O -from O -the O -striatum O -, O -and O -systemic O -administration O -of O -a O -neurotensin B-Chemical -analog O -could O -produce O -antiparkinsonian O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -aimed O -to O -investigate O -the O -effects O -of O -pallidal O -neurotensin B-Chemical -on O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -parkinsonian O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Behavioral O -experiments O -and O -electrophysiological O -recordings O -were O -performed O -in O -the O -present O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Bilateral O -infusions O -of O -neurotensin B-Chemical -into O -the O -globus O -pallidus O -reversed O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -parkinsonian O -catalepsy O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrophysiological O -recordings O -showed O -that O -microinjection O -of O -neurotensin B-Chemical -induced O -excitation O -of O -pallidal O -neurons O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -systemic O -haloperidol B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -neurotensin B-Chemical -type I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -antagonist I-Chemical -SR48692 B-Chemical -blocked O -both O -the O -behavioral O -and O -the O -electrophysiological O -effects O -induced O -by O -neurotensin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Activation O -of O -pallidal O -neurotensin B-Chemical -receptors O -may O -be O -involved O -in O -neurotensin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -antiparkinsonian O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Carmofur B-Chemical -- O -induced O -organic O -mental O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -Organic O -mental O -disorder O -was O -observed O -in O -a O -29 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -female O -in O -the O -prognostic O -period O -after O -the O -onset O -of O -carmofur B-Chemical -- O -induced O -leukoencephalopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Symptoms O -such O -as O -euphoria O -, O -emotional O -lability O -and O -puerile O -attitude O -noted O -in O -the O -patient O -were O -diagnosed O -as O -organic O -personality O -syndrome O -according O -to O -the O -criteria O -defined O -in O -the O -DSM O -- O -III O -- O -R O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -referred O -to O -as O -a O -frontal O -lobe O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -CT O -revealed O -a O -periventricular O -low O -density O -area O -in O -the O -frontal O -white O -matter O -and O -moderate O -dilatation O -of O -the O -lateral O -ventricles O -especially O -at O -the O -bilateral O -anterior O -horns O -. O - -aps B-category -Consequently O -, O -carmofur B-Chemical -- O -induced O -leukoencephalopathy O -may O -uncommonly O -result O -in O -organic O -personality O -syndrome O -in O -the O -residual O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -may O -be O -attributed O -to O -the O -structural O -damage O -to O -the O -frontal O -lobe O -. O - -aps B-category -Butyrylcholinesterase O -gene O -mutations O -in O -patients O -with O -prolonged O -apnea O -after O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -for O -electroconvulsive O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -patients O -undergoing O -electroconvulsive O -therapy O -( O -ECT O -) O -often O -receive O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -as O -part O -of O -the O -anesthetic O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -duration O -of O -action O -may O -be O -prolonged O -in O -patients O -with O -genetic O -variants O -of O -the O -butyrylcholinesterase O -enzyme O -( O -BChE O -) O -, O -the O -most O -common O -being O -the O -K O -- O -and O -the O -A O -- O -variants O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -the O -study O -was O -to O -assess O -the O -clinical O -significance O -of O -genetic O -variants O -in O -butyrylcholinesterase O -gene O -( O -BCHE O -) O -in O -patients O -with O -a O -suspected O -prolonged O -duration O -of O -action O -of O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -after O -ECT O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -a O -total O -of O -13 O -patients O -were O -referred O -to O -the O -Danish O -Cholinesterase O -Research O -Unit O -after O -ECT O -during O -38 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -determined O -the O -BChE O -activity O -and O -the O -BCHE O -genotype O -using O -molecular O -genetic O -methods O -, O -the O -duration O -of O -apnea O -, O -time O -to O -sufficient O -spontaneous O -ventilation O -and O -whether O -neuromuscular O -monitoring O -was O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -duration O -of O -apnea O -was O -compared O -with O -published O -data O -on O -normal O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -in O -11 O -patients O -, O -mutations O -were O -found O -in O -the O -BCHE O -gene O -, O -the O -K O -- O -variant O -being O -the O -most O -frequent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -duration O -of O -apnea O -was O -5 O -- O -15 O -min O -compared O -with O -3 O -- O -5 O -. O -3 O -min O -from O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -distress O -was O -noted O -in O -the O -recovery O -phase O -in O -two O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuromuscular O -monitoring O -was O -used O -in O -two O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -eleven O -of O -13 O -patients O -with O -a O -prolonged O -duration O -of O -action O -of O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -had O -mutations O -in O -BCHE O -, O -indicating O -that O -this O -is O -the O -possible O -reason O -for O -a O -prolonged O -period O -of O -apnea O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -recommend O -objective O -neuromuscular O -monitoring O -during O -the O -first O -ECT O -. O - -aps B-category -Perhexiline B-Chemical -maleate I-Chemical -and O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Peripheral O -neuropathy O -has O -been O -noted O -as O -a O -complication O -of O -therapy O -with O -perhexiline B-Chemical -maleate I-Chemical -, O -a O -drug O -widely O -used O -in O -France O -( O -and O -in O -clinical O -trials O -in O -the O -United O -States O -) O -for O -the O -prophylactic O -treatment O -of O -angina O -pectoris O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -24 O -patients O -with O -this O -complication O -, O -the O -marked O -slowing O -of O -motor O -nerve O -conduction O -velocity O -and O -the O -electromyographic O -changes O -imply O -mainly O -a O -demyelinating O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -Improvement O -was O -noted O -with O -cessation O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -few O -cases O -the O -presence O -of O -active O -denervation O -signified O -a O -poor O -prognosis O -, O -with O -only O -slight O -improvement O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -underlying O -mechanism O -causing O -the O -neuropathy O -is O -not O -yet O -fully O -known O -, O -although O -some O -evidence O -indicates O -that O -it O -may O -be O -a O -lipid O -storage O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -phase O -I O -study O -of O -4 B-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -0 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tetrahydropyranyladriamycin I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -pharmacology O -and O -pharmacokinetics O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -Phase O -I O -study O -of O -intravenous O -( O -IV O -) O -bolus O -4 B-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -0 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tetrahydropyranyladriamycin I-Chemical -( O -Pirarubicin B-Chemical -) O -was O -done O -in O -55 O -patients O -in O -good O -performance O -status O -with O -refractory O -tumors O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -six O -had O -minimal O -prior O -therapy O -( O -good O -risk O -) O -, O -23 O -had O -extensive O -prior O -therapy O -( O -poor O -risk O -) O -, O -and O -six O -had O -renal O -and O -/ O -or O -hepatic O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -167 O -courses O -at O -doses O -of O -15 O -to O -70 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -were O -evaluable O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -tolerated O -dose O -in O -good O -- O -risk O -patients O -was O -70 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -, O -and O -in O -poor O -- O -risk O -patients O -, O -60 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -- O -limiting O -toxic O -effect O -was O -transient O -noncumulative O -granulocytopenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Granulocyte O -nadir O -was O -on O -day O -14 O -( O -range O -, O -4 O -- O -22 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Less O -frequent O -toxic O -effects O -included O -thrombocytopenia O -, O -anemia O -, O -nausea O -, O -mild O -alopecia O -, O -phlebitis O -, O -and O -mucositis O -. O - -aps B-category -Myelosuppression O -was O -more O -in O -patients O -with O -hepatic O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacokinetic O -analyses O -in O -21 O -patients O -revealed O -Pirarubicin B-Chemical -plasma O -T O -1 O -/ O -2 O -alpha O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -SE O -) O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -85 O -minutes O -, O -T O -beta O -1 O -/ O -2 O -of O -25 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -. O -5 O -minutes O -, O -and O -T O -1 O -/ O -2 O -gamma O -of O -23 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -. O -6 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -area O -under O -the O -curve O -was O -537 O -+ O -/ O -- O -149 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -x O -hours O -, O -volume O -of O -distribution O -( O -Vd O -) O -3504 O -+ O -/ O -- O -644 O -l O -/ O -m2 O -, O -and O -total O -clearance O -( O -ClT O -) O -was O -204 O -+ O -39 O -. O -3 O -l O -/ O -hour O -/ O -m2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Adriamycinol B-Chemical -, O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -, O -adriamycinone B-Chemical -, O -and O -tetrahydropyranyladriamycinol B-Chemical -were O -the O -metabolites O -detected O -in O -plasma O -and O -the O -amount O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -was O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -10 O -% O -of O -the O -total O -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -excretion O -of O -Pirarubicin B-Chemical -in O -the O -first O -24 O -hours O -was O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -10 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Activity O -was O -noted O -in O -mesothelioma O -, O -leiomyosarcoma O -, O -and O -basal O -cell O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -recommended O -starting O -dose O -for O -Phase O -II O -trials O -is O -60 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -IV O -bolus O -every O -3 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Ocular O -and O -auditory O -toxicity O -in O -hemodialyzed O -patients O -receiving O -desferrioxamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -During O -an O -18 O -- O -month O -period O -of O -study O -41 O -hemodialyzed O -patients O -receiving O -desferrioxamine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -- O -40 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -BW O -/ O -3 O -times O -weekly O -) O -for O -the O -first O -time O -were O -monitored O -for O -detection O -of O -audiovisual O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -patients O -presented O -clinical O -symptoms O -of O -visual O -or O -auditory O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -detailed O -ophthalmologic O -and O -audiologic O -studies O -disclosed O -abnormalities O -in O -7 O -more O -asymptomatic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Visual O -toxicity O -was O -of O -retinal O -origin O -and O -was O -characterized O -by O -a O -tritan O -- O -type O -dyschromatopsy O -, O -sometimes O -associated O -with O -a O -loss O -of O -visual O -acuity O -and O -pigmentary O -retinal O -deposits O -. O - -aps B-category -Auditory O -toxicity O -was O -characterized O -by O -a O -mid O -- O -to O -high O -- O -frequency O -neurosensorial O -hearing O -loss O -and O -the O -lesion O -was O -of O -the O -cochlear O -type O -. O - -aps B-category -Desferrioxamine B-Chemical -withdrawal O -resulted O -in O -a O -complete O -recovery O -of O -visual O -function O -in O -1 O -patient O -and O -partial O -recovery O -in O -3 O -, O -and O -a O -complete O -reversal O -of O -hearing O -loss O -in O -3 O -patients O -and O -partial O -recovery O -in O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -toxicity O -appeared O -in O -patients O -receiving O -the O -higher O -doses O -of O -desferrioxamine B-Chemical -or O -coincided O -with O -the O -normalization O -of O -ferritin O -or O -aluminium B-Chemical -serum O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -indicate O -that O -audiovisual O -toxicity O -is O -not O -an O -infrequent O -complication O -in O -hemodialyzed O -patients O -receiving O -desferrioxamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Periodical O -audiovisual O -monitoring O -should O -be O -performed O -on O -hemodialyzed O -patients O -receiving O -the O -drug O -in O -order O -to O -detect O -adverse O -effects O -as O -early O -as O -possible O -. O - -aps B-category -Serial O -epilepsy O -caused O -by O -levodopa B-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -carbidopa I-Chemical -administration O -in O -two O -patients O -on O -hemodialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -with O -similar O -clinical O -features O -are O -presented O -: O -both O -patients O -had O -chronic O -renal O -failure O -, O -on O -hemodialysis O -for O -many O -years O -but O -recently O -begun O -on O -a O -high O -- O -flux O -dialyzer O -; O -both O -had O -been O -receiving O -a O -carbidopa B-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -levodopa I-Chemical -preparation O -; O -and O -both O -had O -the O -onset O -of O -hallucinosis O -and O -recurrent O -seizures O -, O -which O -were O -refractory O -to O -anticonvulsants O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -patient O -died O -without O -a O -diagnosis O -; O -the O -second O -patient O -had O -a O -dramatic O -recovery O -following O -the O -administration O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -B6 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -patient O -was O -considered O -to O -have O -a O -renal O -state O -sufficiently O -severe O -enough O -to O -explain O -their O -presentation O -. O - -aps B-category -Randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -of O -mazindol B-Chemical -in O -Duchenne O -dystrophy O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -evidence O -that O -growth O -hormone O -may O -be O -related O -to O -the O -progression O -of O -weakness O -in O -Duchenne O -dystrophy O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conducted O -a O -12 O -- O -month O -controlled O -trial O -of O -mazindol B-Chemical -, O -a O -putative O -growth O -hormone O -secretion O -inhibitor O -, O -in O -83 O -boys O -with O -Duchenne O -dystrophy O -. O - -aps B-category -Muscle O -strength O -, O -contractures O -, O -functional O -ability O -and O -pulmonary O -function O -were O -tested O -at O -baseline O -, O -and O -6 O -and O -12 O -months O -after O -treatment O -with O -mazindol B-Chemical -( O -3 O -mg O -/ O -d O -) O -or O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -have O -a O -power O -of O -greater O -than O -0 O -. O -90 O -to O -detect O -a O -slowing O -to O -25 O -% O -of O -the O -expected O -rate O -of O -progression O -of O -weakness O -at O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -. O - -aps B-category -Mazindol B-Chemical -did O -not O -benefit O -strength O -at O -any O -point O -in O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Side O -effects O -attributable O -to O -mazindol B-Chemical -included O -decreased O -appetite O -( O -36 O -% O -) O -, O -dry O -mouth O -( O -10 O -% O -) O -, O -behavioral O -change O -( O -22 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -gastrointestinal O -symptoms O -( O -18 O -% O -) O -; O -mazindol B-Chemical -dosage O -was O -reduced O -in O -43 O -% O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -mazindol B-Chemical -on O -GH O -secretion O -was O -estimated O -indirectly O -by O -comparing O -the O -postabsorptive O -IGF O -- O -I O -levels O -obtained O -following O -3 O -, O -6 O -, O -9 O -, O -and O -12 O -months O -in O -the O -mazindol B-Chemical -treated O -to O -those O -in O -the O -placebo O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -mazindol B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -gained O -less O -weight O -and O -height O -than O -placebo O -- O -treated O -patients O -, O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -IGF O -- O -I O -levels O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Mazindol B-Chemical -doses O -not O -slow O -the O -progression O -of O -weakness O -in O -Duchenne O -dystrophy O -. O - -aps B-category -Facilitation O -of O -memory O -retrieval O -by O -pre O -- O -test O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -its O -state O -dependency O -in O -the O -step O -- O -through O -type O -passive O -avoidance O -learning O -test O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Amnesia O -produced O -by O -scopolamine B-Chemical -and O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -were O -reversed O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -given O -30 O -min O -before O -the O -test O -trial O -( O -pre O -- O -test O -) O -, O -and O -pre O -- O -test O -morphine B-Chemical -also O -facilitated O -the O -memory O -retrieval O -in O -the O -animals O -administered O -naloxone B-Chemical -during O -the O -training O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -pre O -- O -test O -scopolamine B-Chemical -partially O -reversed O -the O -scopolamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -amnesia O -, O -but O -not O -significantly O -; O -and O -pre O -- O -test O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -failed O -to O -reverse O -the O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -amnesia O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -facilitation O -of O -memory O -retrieval O -by O -pre O -- O -test O -morphine B-Chemical -might O -be O -the O -direct O -action O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -rather O -than O -a O -state O -dependent O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Naloxone B-Chemical -reverses O -the O -antihypertensive O -effect O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -unanesthetized O -, O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -the O -decrease O -in O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -produced O -by O -intravenous O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -5 O -to O -20 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -, O -was O -inhibited O -or O -reversed O -by O -nalozone B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -2 O -to O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypotensive O -effect O -of O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -was O -also O -partially O -reversed O -by O -naloxone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Naloxone B-Chemical -alone O -did O -not O -affect O -either O -blood O -pressure O -or O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -brain O -membranes O -from O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -to O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -, O -did O -not O -influence O -stereoselective O -binding O -of O -[ B-Chemical -3H I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -naloxone I-Chemical -( O -8 O -nM O -) O -, O -and O -naloxone B-Chemical -, O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -to O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -, O -did O -not O -influence O -clonidine B-Chemical -- O -suppressible O -binding O -of O -[ B-Chemical -3H I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroergocryptine I-Chemical -( O -1 O -nM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -indicate O -that O -in O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -the O -effects O -of O -central O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -stimulation O -involve O -activation O -of O -opiate O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -naloxone B-Chemical -and O -clonidine B-Chemical -do O -not O -appear O -to O -interact O -with O -the O -same O -receptor O -site O -, O -the O -observed O -functional O -antagonism O -suggests O -the O -release O -of O -an O -endogenous O -opiate O -by O -clonidine B-Chemical -or O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -and O -the O -possible O -role O -of O -the O -opiate O -in O -the O -central O -control O -of O -sympathetic O -tone O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurotoxicity O -of O -halogenated B-Chemical -hydroxyquinolines I-Chemical -: O -clinical O -analysis O -of O -cases O -reported O -outside O -Japan O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -analysis O -is O -presented O -of O -220 O -cases O -of O -possible O -neurotoxic O -reactions O -to O -halogenated B-Chemical -hydroxyquinolines I-Chemical -reported O -from O -outside O -Japan O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -80 O -cases O -insufficient O -information O -was O -available O -for O -adequate O -comment O -and O -in O -29 O -a O -relationship O -to O -the O -administration O -of O -clioquinol B-Chemical -could O -be O -excluded O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -remainder O -, O -a O -relationship O -to O -clioquinol B-Chemical -was O -considered O -probable O -in O -42 O -and O -possible O -in O -69 O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -six O -of O -the O -probable O -cases O -the O -neurological O -disturbance O -consisted O -of O -an O -acute O -reversible O -encephalopathy O -usually O -related O -to O -the O -ingestion O -of O -a O -high O -dose O -of O -clioquinol B-Chemical -over O -a O -short O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -common O -manifestation O -, O -observed O -in O -15 O -further O -cases O -, O -was O -isolated O -optic O -atrophy O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -most O -frequently O -found O -in O -children O -, O -many O -of O -whom O -had O -received O -clioquinol B-Chemical -as O -treatment O -for O -acrodermatitis O -enteropathica O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -remaining O -cases O -, O -a O -combination O -of O -myelopathy O -, O -visual O -disturbance O -, O -and O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -was O -the O -most O -common O -manifestation O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -myelopathy O -or O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -, O -or O -these O -manifestations O -occurring O -together O -, O -were O -infrequent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -onset O -of O -all O -manifestations O -( O -except O -toxic O -encephalopathy O -) O -was O -usually O -subacute O -, O -with O -subsequent O -partial O -recovery O -. O - -aps B-category -Older O -subjects O -tended O -to O -display O -more O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -full O -syndrome O -of O -subacute O -myelo O -- O -optic O -neuropathy O -was O -more O -frequent O -in O -women O -, O -but O -they O -tended O -to O -have O -taken O -greater O -quantities O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Prazosin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -stress O -incontinence O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -genuine O -stress O -incontinence O -due O -to O -prazosin B-Chemical -, O -a O -common O -antihypertensive O -drug O -, O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -Prazosin B-Chemical -exerts O -its O -antihypertensive O -effects O -through O -vasodilatation O -caused O -by O -selective O -blockade O -of O -postsynaptic O -alpha O -- O -1 O -adrenergic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -an O -alpha O -- O -blocker O -, O -it O -also O -exerts O -a O -significant O -relaxant O -effect O -on O -the O -bladder O -neck O -and O -urethra O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -' O -s O -clinical O -course O -is O -described O -and O -correlated O -with O -initial O -urodynamic O -studies O -while O -on O -prazosin B-Chemical -and O -subsequent O -studies O -while O -taking O -verapamil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Her O -incontinence O -resolved O -with O -the O -change O -of O -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -restoration O -of O -continence O -was O -accompanied O -by O -a O -substantial O -rise O -in O -maximum O -urethral O -pressure O -, O -maximum O -urethral O -closure O -pressure O -, O -and O -functional O -urethral O -length O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -who O -present O -with O -stress O -incontinence O -while O -taking O -prazosin B-Chemical -should O -change O -their O -antihypertensive O -medication O -before O -considering O -surgery O -, O -because O -their O -incontinence O -may O -resolve O -spontaneously O -with O -a O -change O -in O -drug O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Myocardial O -infarction O -following O -sublingual O -administration O -of O -isosorbide B-Chemical -dinitrate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -78 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -with O -healed O -septal O -necrosis O -suffered O -a O -recurrent O -myocardial O -infarction O -of O -the O -anterior O -wall O -following O -the O -administration O -of O -isosorbide B-Chemical -dinitrate I-Chemical -5 O -mg O -sublingually O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -detailing O -the O -course O -of O -events O -, O -we O -discuss O -the O -role O -of O -paradoxical O -coronary O -spasm O -and O -hypotension O -- O -mediated O -myocardial O -ischemia O -occurring O -downstream O -to O -significant O -coronary O -arterial O -stenosis O -in O -the O -pathophysiology O -of O -acute O -coronary O -insufficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -respiratory O -effects O -of O -i O -. O -v O -. O -infusions O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -regional O -analgesia O -by O -extradural O -block O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -postoperative O -respiratory O -apnoea O -was O -compared O -between O -five O -patients O -receiving O -a O -continuous O -i O -. O -v O -. O -infusion O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -mean O -73 O -. O -6 O -mg O -) O -and O -five O -patients O -receiving O -a O -continuous O -extradural O -infusion O -of O -0 O -. O -25 O -% O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -( O -mean O -192 O -mg O -) O -in O -the O -24 O -- O -h O -period O -following O -upper O -abdominal O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -Monitoring O -consisted O -of O -airflow O -detection O -by O -a O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -analyser O -, O -chest O -wall O -movement O -detected O -by O -pneumatic O -capsules O -, O -and O -continuous O -electrocardiograph O -recorded O -with O -a O -Holter O -ambulatory O -monitor O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -obstructive O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -and O -central O -apnoea O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -occurred O -more O -frequently O -in O -patients O -who O -had O -a O -morphine B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -also O -a O -higher O -incidence O -of O -tachyarrhythmias O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -and O -ventricular O -ectopic O -beats O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -in O -the O -morphine B-Chemical -infusion O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -aminophylline B-Chemical -on O -the O -threshold O -for O -initiating O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -during O -respiratory O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -arrhythmias O -have O -frequently O -been O -reported O -in O -association O -with O -respiratory O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -additive O -role O -of O -pharmacologic O -agents O -in O -precipitating O -cardiac O -disturbances O -in O -patients O -with O -respiratory O -failure O -has O -only O -recently O -been O -emphasized O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -aminophylline B-Chemical -on O -the O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -threshold O -during O -normal O -acid O -- O -base O -conditions O -and O -during O -respiratory O -failure O -were O -studied O -in O -anesthetized O -open O -chest O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -threshold O -was O -measured O -by O -passing O -a O -gated O -train O -of O -12 O -constant O -current O -pulses O -through O -the O -ventricular O -myocardium O -during O -the O -vulnerable O -period O -of O -the O -cardiac O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -infusion O -of O -aminophylline B-Chemical -, O -the O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -threshold O -was O -reduced O -by O -30 O -to O -40 O -percent O -of O -the O -control O -when O -pH O -and O -partial O -pressures O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -( O -PO2 B-Chemical -) O -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -( O -CO2 B-Chemical -) O -were O -kept O -within O -normal O -limits O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -respiratory O -failure O -was O -produced O -by O -hypoventilation O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -05 O -to O -7 O -. O -25 O -; O -PC02 O -70 O -to O -100 O -mm O -Hg O -: O -P02 O -20 O -to O -40 O -mm O -Hg O -) O -, O -infusion O -of O -aminophylline B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -an O -even O -greater O -decrease O -in O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -threshold O -to O -60 O -percent O -of O -the O -control O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -experiments O -suggest O -that O -although O -many O -factors O -may O -contribute O -to O -the O -increased O -incidence O -of O -ventricular O -arrhythmias O -in O -respiratory O -failure O -, O -pharmacologic O -agents O -, O -particularly O -aminophylline B-Chemical -, O -may O -play O -a O -significant O -role O -. O - -aps B-category -Pentoxifylline B-Chemical -( O -Trental B-Chemical -) O -does O -not O -inhibit O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -coronary O -hyperemia O -: O -implications O -for O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -- O -thallium B-Chemical -- O -201 O -myocardial O -imaging O -. O - -aps B-category -Dipyridamole B-Chemical -- O -thallium B-Chemical -- O -201 O -imaging O -is O -often O -performed O -in O -patients O -unable O -to O -exercise O -because O -of O -peripheral O -vascular O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Many O -of O -these O -patients O -are O -taking O -pentoxifylline B-Chemical -( O -Trental B-Chemical -) O -, O -a O -methylxanthine B-Chemical -derivative O -which O -may O -improve O -intermittent O -claudication O -. O - -aps B-category -Whether O -pentoxifylline B-Chemical -inhibits O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -coronary O -hyperemia O -like O -other O -methylxanthines B-Chemical -such O -as O -theophylline B-Chemical -and O -should O -be O -stopped O -prior O -to O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -- O -thallium B-Chemical -- O -201 O -imaging O -is O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -we O -studied O -the O -hyperemic O -response O -to O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -in O -seven O -open O -- O -chest O -anesthetized O -dogs O -after O -pretreatment O -with O -either O -pentoxifylline B-Chemical -( O -0 O -, O -7 O -. O -5 O -, O -or O -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -or O -theophylline B-Chemical -( O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Baseline O -circumflex O -coronary O -blood O -flows O -did O -not O -differ O -significantly O -among O -treatment O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Dipyridamole B-Chemical -significantly O -increased O -coronary O -blood O -flow O -before O -and O -after O -7 O -. O -5 O -or O -15 O -mm O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -pentoxifylline B-Chemical -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -002 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -dose O -of O -pentoxifylline B-Chemical -significantly O -decreased O -the O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperemia O -, O -while O -peak O -coronary O -blood O -flow O -was O -significantly O -lower O -after O -theophylline B-Chemical -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -pentoxyifylline B-Chemical -does O -not O -inhibit O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -coronary O -hyperemia O -even O -at O -high O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Cause O -of O -death O -among O -patients O -with O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -: O -a O -rare O -mortality O -due O -to O -cerebral O -haemorrhage O -. O - -aps B-category -Causes O -of O -death O -, O -with O -special O -reference O -to O -cerebral O -haemorrhage O -, O -among O -240 O -patients O -with O -pathologically O -verified O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -were O -investigated O -using O -the O -Annuals O -of O -the O -Pathological O -Autopsy O -Cases O -in O -Japan O -from O -1981 O -to O -1985 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -leading O -causes O -of O -death O -were O -pneumonia O -and O -bronchitis O -( O -44 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -, O -malignant O -neoplasms O -( O -11 O -. O -6 O -% O -) O -, O -heart O -diseases O -( O -4 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -, O -cerebral O -infarction O -( O -3 O -. O -7 O -% O -) O -and O -septicaemia O -( O -3 O -. O -3 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -haemorrhage O -was O -the O -11th O -most O -frequent O -cause O -of O -death O -, O -accounting O -for O -only O -0 O -. O -8 O -% O -of O -deaths O -among O -the O -patients O -, O -whereas O -it O -was O -the O -5th O -most O -common O -cause O -of O -death O -among O -the O -Japanese O -general O -population O -in O -1985 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -low O -incidence O -of O -cerebral O -haemorrhage O -as O -a O -cause O -of O -death O -in O -patients O -with O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -may O -reflect O -the O -hypotensive O -effect O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -and O -a O -hypotensive O -mechanism O -due O -to O -reduced O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -levels O -in O -the O -parkinsonian O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -intramuscular O -midazolam B-Chemical -- O -associated O -cardiorespiratory O -arrest O -and O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -Midazolam B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -is O -commonly O -used O -for O -dental O -or O -endoscopic O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -generally O -consisted O -safe O -when O -given O -intramuscularly O -, O -intravenous O -administration O -is O -known O -to O -cause O -respiratory O -and O -cardiovascular O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -report O -describes O -the O -first O -published O -case O -of O -cardiorespiratory O -arrest O -and O -death O -associated O -with O -intramuscular O -administration O -of O -midazolam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Information O -regarding O -midazolam B-Chemical -use O -is O -reviewed O -to O -provide O -recommendation O -for O -safe O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Myasthenia O -gravis O -presenting O -as O -weakness O -after O -magnesium B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -a O -patient O -with O -no O -prior O -history O -of O -neuromuscular O -disease O -who O -became O -virtually O -quadriplegic O -after O -parenteral O -magnesium B-Chemical -administration O -for O -preeclampsia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serum O -magnesium B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -3 O -. O -0 O -mEq O -/ O -L O -, O -which O -is O -usually O -well O -tolerated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -magnesium B-Chemical -was O -stopped O -and O -she O -recovered O -over O -a O -few O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -she O -was O -weak O -, O -2 O -- O -Hz O -repetitive O -stimulation O -revealed O -a O -decrement O -without O -significant O -facilitation O -at O -rapid O -rates O -or O -after O -exercise O -, O -suggesting O -postsynaptic O -neuromuscular O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -her O -strength O -returned O -, O -repetitive O -stimulation O -was O -normal O -, O -but O -single O -fiber O -EMG O -revealed O -increased O -jitter O -and O -blocking O -. O - -aps B-category -Her O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptor O -antibody O -level O -was O -markedly O -elevated O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -paralysis O -after O -magnesium B-Chemical -administration O -has O -been O -described O -in O -patients O -with O -known O -myasthenia O -gravis O -, O -it O -has O -not O -previously O -been O -reported O -to O -be O -the O -initial O -or O -only O -manifestation O -of O -the O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -who O -are O -unusually O -sensitive O -to O -the O -neuromuscular O -effects O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -should O -be O -suspected O -of O -having O -an O -underlying O -disorder O -of O -neuromuscular O -transmission O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -enhancement O -by O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -of O -the O -hepatocarcinogenicity O -of O -a O -choline B-Chemical -- O -devoid O -diet O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -experiment O -was O -performed O -to O -test O -whether O -inclusion O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -in O -a O -choline B-Chemical -- O -devoid O -diet O -would O -increase O -the O -hepatocarcinogenicity O -of O -the O -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -Groups O -of O -5 O -- O -week O -old O -male O -Fischer O -- O -344 O -rats O -were O -fed O -for O -7 O -- O -25 O -months O -semipurified O -choline B-Chemical -- O -devoid O -or O -choline B-Chemical -- O -supplemented O -diets O -, O -containing O -or O -not O -0 O -. O -06 O -% O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -No O -hepatic O -preneoplastic O -nodules O -or O -hepatocellular O -carcinomas O -developed O -in O -rats O -fed O -the O -plain O -choline B-Chemical -- O -supplemented O -diet O -, O -while O -one O -preneoplastic O -nodule O -and O -one O -hepatocellular O -carcinoma O -developed O -in O -two O -rats O -fed O -the O -same O -diet O -containing O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -preneoplastic O -nodules O -and O -of O -hepatocellular O -carcinomas O -was O -10 O -% O -and O -37 O -% O -, O -respectively O -, O -in O -rats O -fed O -the O -plain O -choline B-Chemical -- O -devoid O -diet O -, O -and O -17 O -% O -and O -30 O -% O -, O -in O -rats O -fed O -the O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -- O -containing O -choline B-Chemical -- O -devoid O -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -evinced O -no O -enhancement O -of O -the O -hepatocarcinogenicity O -of O -the O -choline B-Chemical -- O -devoid O -diet O -by O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Sporadic O -neoplastic O -lesions O -were O -observed O -in O -organs O -other O -than O -the O -liver O -of O -some O -of O -the O -animals O -, O -irrespective O -of O -the O -diet O -fed O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -two O -paradoxical O -side O -- O -effects O -of O -prednisolone B-Chemical -in O -rats O -, O -ribosomal O -RNA O -biosyntheses O -, O -and O -a O -mechanism O -of O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -enlargement O -and O -muscle O -wastage O -occurred O -in O -Wistar O -rats O -following O -the O -subcutaneous O -administration O -of O -prednisolone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -liver O -both O -the O -content O -of O -RNA O -and O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -ribosomal O -RNA O -increased O -while O -both O -the O -RNA O -content O -and O -ribosomal O -RNA O -biosynthesis O -were O -reduced O -in O -the O -gastrocnemius O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -drug O -acted O -in O -a O -selective O -and O -tissue O -- O -specific O -manner O -to O -enhance O -ribosomal O -RNA O -synthesis O -in O -the O -liver O -and O -depress O -such O -synthesis O -in O -the O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -view O -supports O -the O -contention O -that O -the O -liver O -and O -muscle O -are O -independent O -sites O -of O -prednisolone B-Chemical -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -effects O -of O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hexachlorocyclohexane I-Chemical -( O -lindane B-Chemical -) O -on O -pharmacologically O -- O -induced O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hexachlorocyclohexane I-Chemical -( O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCH I-Chemical -) O -, O -the O -active O -ingredient O -of O -the O -insecticide O -lindane B-Chemical -, O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -decrease O -seizure O -threshold O -to O -pentylenetrazol O -( O -PTZ B-Chemical -) O -3 O -h O -after O -exposure O -to O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCH I-Chemical -and O -conversely O -increase O -threshold O -to O -PTZ B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -24 O -h O -after O -exposure O -to O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCH I-Chemical -( O -Vohland O -et O -al O -. O -1981 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -the O -severity O -of O -response O -to O -other O -seizure O -- O -inducing O -agents O -was O -tested O -in O -mice O -1 O -and O -24 O -h O -after O -intraperitoneal O -administration O -of O -80 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCH I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -One O -hour O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCH I-Chemical -, O -the O -activity O -of O -seizure O -- O -inducing O -agents O -was O -increased O -, O -regardless O -of O -their O -mechanism O -, O -while O -24 O -h O -after O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCH I-Chemical -a O -differential O -response O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Seizure O -activity O -due O -to O -PTZ B-Chemical -and O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -( O -PTX B-Chemical -) O -was O -significantly O -decreased O -; O -however O -, O -seizure O -activity O -due O -to O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mercaptopropionic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -MPA B-Chemical -) O -, O -bicuculline B-Chemical -( O -BCC B-Chemical -) O -, O -methyl B-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dimethoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -B I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboline I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboxylate I-Chemical -( O -DMCM B-Chemical -) O -, O -or O -strychnine B-Chemical -( O -STR B-Chemical -) O -was O -not O -different O -from O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -, O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCH I-Chemical -, O -pentylenetetrazol B-Chemical -and O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -were O -shown O -to O -inhibit O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -TBOB I-Chemical -binding O -in O -mouse O -whole O -brain O -, O -with O -IC50 O -values O -of O -4 O -. O -6 O -, O -404 O -and O -9 O -. O -4 O -microM O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -MPA B-Chemical -, O -BCC B-Chemical -, O -DMCM B-Chemical -, O -and O -STR B-Chemical -showed O -no O -inhibition O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -TBOB I-Chemical -( O -t B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -butyl I-Chemical -bicyclo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -orthobenzoate I-Chemical -) O -binding O -at O -concentrations O -of O -100 O -micron O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacological O -challenge O -data O -suggest O -that O -tolerance O -may O -occur O -to O -seizure O -activity O -induced O -by O -PTZ B-Chemical -and O -PTX B-Chemical -24 O -h O -after O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCH I-Chemical -, O -since O -the O -response O -to O -only O -these O -two O -seizure O -- O -inducing O -agents O -is O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vitro O -data O -suggest O -that O -the O -site O -responsible O -for O -the O -decrease O -in O -seizure O -activity O -24 O -h O -after O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCH I-Chemical -may O -be O -the O -GABA B-Chemical -- O -A O -receptor O -- O -linked O -chloride O -channel O -. O - -aps B-category -Tolerance O -and O -antiviral O -effect O -of O -ribavirin B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -Argentine O -hemorrhagic O -fever O -. O - -aps B-category -Tolerance O -and O -antiviral O -effect O -of O -ribavirin B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -6 O -patients O -with O -Argentine O -hemorrhagic O -fever O -( O -AHF O -) O -of O -more O -than O -8 O -days O -of O -evolution O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -ribavirin B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -a O -neutralization O -of O -viremia O -and O -a O -drop O -of O -endogenous O -interferon O -titers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -time O -of O -death O -was O -delayed O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -reversible O -anemia O -was O -the O -only O -adverse O -effect O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -results O -, O -we O -conclude O -that O -ribavirin B-Chemical -has O -an O -antiviral O -effect O -in O -advanced O -cases O -of O -AHF O -, O -and O -that O -anemia O -, O -the O -only O -secondary O -reaction O -observed O -, O -can O -be O -easily O -managed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -beneficial O -effect O -of O -ribavirin B-Chemical -during O -the O -initial O -days O -of O -AHF O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Is O -the O -treatment O -of O -scabies O -hazardous O -? O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -for O -scabies O -is O -usually O -initiated O -by O -general O -practitioners O -; O -most O -consider O -lindane B-Chemical -( O -gamma B-Chemical -benzene I-Chemical -hexachloride I-Chemical -) O -the O -treatment O -of O -choice O -. O - -aps B-category -Lindane B-Chemical -is O -also O -widely O -used O -as O -an O -agricultural O -and O -industrial O -pesticide O -, O -and O -as O -a O -result O -the O -toxic O -profile O -of O -this O -insecticide O -is O -well O -understood O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -is O -accumulating O -that O -lindane B-Chemical -can O -be O -toxic O -to O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -and O -may O -be O -associated O -with O -aplastic O -anaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Preparations O -containing O -lindane B-Chemical -continue O -to O -be O -sold O -over O -the O -counter O -and O -may O -represent O -a O -hazard O -to O -poorly O -informed O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -literature O -review O -suggests O -that O -general O -practitioners O -should O -prescribe O -scabicides O -with O -increased O -caution O -for O -certain O -at O -- O -risk O -groups O -, O -and O -give O -adequate O -warnings O -regarding O -potential O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Mouse O -strain O -- O -dependent O -effect O -of O -amantadine B-Chemical -on O -motility O -and O -brain O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -amantadine B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -, O -injected O -i O -. O -p O -. O -in O -6 O -increments O -of O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -each O -over O -30 O -hr O -, O -on O -mouse O -motility O -and O -whole O -brain O -content O -of O -selected O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -and O -major O -metabolites O -was O -studied O -in O -4 O -strains O -of O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -were O -the O -albino O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -ICR O -and O -BALB O -/ O -C O -, O -the O -black O -C57BL O -/ O -6 O -and O -the O -brown O -CDF O -- O -I O -mouse O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -Amantadine B-Chemical -treatment O -produced O -a O -biphasic O -effect O -on O -mouse O -motility O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -initial O -dose O -of O -amantadine B-Chemical -depressed O -locomotor O -activity O -in O -all O -mouse O -strains O -studied O -with O -the O -BALB O -/ O -C O -mice O -being O -the O -most O -sensitive O -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequent O -amantadine B-Chemical -treatments O -produced O -enhancement O -of O -motility O -from O -corresponding O -control O -in O -all O -mouse O -strains O -with O -the O -BALB O -/ O -C O -mice O -being O -the O -least O -sensitive O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -locomotor O -activity O -was O -decreased O -from O -corresponding O -controls O -in O -all O -strains O -studied O -, O -except O -for O -the O -ICR O -mice O -, O -during O -an O -overnight O -drug O -- O -free O -period O -following O -the O -fourth O -amantadine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Readministration O -of O -amantadine B-Chemical -, O -after O -a O -drug O -- O -free O -overnight O -period O -, O -increased O -motility O -from O -respective O -saline O -control O -in O -all O -strains O -with O -exception O -of O -the O -BALB O -/ O -C O -mice O -where O -suppression O -of O -motility O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -amantadine B-Chemical -did O -not O -alter O -whole O -brain O -dopamine B-Chemical -levels O -but O -decreased O -the O -amounts O -of O -3 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxyphenylacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -BALB O -/ O -C O -mice O -compared O -to O -saline O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversely O -, O -brain O -normetanephrine B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -increased O -from O -saline O -control O -by O -amantadine B-Chemical -in O -the O -BALB O -/ O -C O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -a O -strain O -- O -dependent O -effect O -of O -amantadine B-Chemical -on O -motility O -and O -indicate O -a O -differential O -response O -to O -the O -acute O -and O -multiple O -dose O -regimens O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -BALB O -/ O -C O -mouse O -was O -the O -most O -sensitive O -strain O -and O -could O -serve O -as O -the O -strain O -of O -choice O -for O -evaluating O -the O -side O -effects O -of O -amantadine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biochemical O -results O -of O -brain O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -of O -BALB O -/ O -C O -mouse O -strain O -suggest O -a O -probable O -decrease O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -turnover O -rate O -and O -/ O -or O -metabolism O -by O -monoamine O -oxidase O -and O -a O -resulting O -increase O -in O -O O -- O -methylation O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -which O -may O -account O -for O -a O -behavioral O -depression O -caused O -by O -amantadine B-Chemical -in O -the O -BALB O -/ O -C O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Chloroacetaldehyde B-Chemical -and O -its O -contribution O -to O -urotoxicity O -during O -treatment O -with O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -or O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -experimental O -study O -/ O -short O -communication O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -clinical O -data O -, O -indicating O -that O -chloroacetaldehyde B-Chemical -( O -CAA B-Chemical -) O -is O -an O -important O -metabolite O -of O -oxazaphosphorine O -cytostatics O -, O -an O -experimental O -study O -was O -carried O -out O -in O -order O -to O -elucidate O -the O -role O -of O -CAA B-Chemical -in O -the O -development O -of O -hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -demonstrate O -that O -CAA B-Chemical -after O -i O -. O -v O -. O -administration O -does O -not O -contribute O -to O -bladder O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -instilled O -directly O -into O -the O -bladder O -, O -CAA B-Chemical -exerts O -urotoxic O -effects O -, O -it O -is O -, O -however O -, O -susceptible O -to O -detoxification O -with O -mesna B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Source O -of O -pain O -and O -primitive O -dysfunction O -in O -migraine O -: O -an O -identical O -site O -? O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -common O -migraine O -patients O -received O -a O -one O -sided O -frontotemporal O -application O -of O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -( O -10 O -patients O -) O -or O -placebo O -ointment O -( O -10 O -patients O -) O -in O -a O -double O -blind O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Early O -onset O -migraine O -attacks O -were O -induced O -by O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -in O -seven O -out O -of O -10 O -patients O -versus O -no O -patient O -in O -the O -placebo O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequently O -20 O -migraine O -patients O -, O -who O -developed O -an O -early O -onset O -attack O -with O -frontotemporal O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -, O -received O -the O -drug O -in O -a O -second O -induction O -test O -at O -other O -body O -areas O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -early O -onset O -migraine O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -the O -migraine O -- O -inducing O -effect O -of O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -seems O -to O -depend O -on O -direct O -stimulation O -of O -the O -habitual O -site O -of O -pain O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -frontotemporal O -region O -is O -of O -crucial O -importance O -in O -the O -development O -of O -a O -migraine O -crisis O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -not O -consistent O -with O -a O -CNS O -origin O -of O -migraine O -attack O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypersensitivity O -to O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -presenting O -with O -a O -leukemoid O -reaction O -, O -eosinophilia O -, O -erythroderma O -, O -and O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -patient O -in O -whom O -hypersensitivity O -to O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -presented O -with O -generalized O -erythroderma O -, O -a O -severe O -leukemoid O -reaction O -, O -eosinophilia O -, O -hyponatremia O -, O -and O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -the O -first O -report O -of O -such O -an O -unusual O -reaction O -to O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Fluoxetine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -akathisia O -: O -clinical O -and O -theoretical O -implications O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -patients O -receiving O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -obsessive O -compulsive O -disorder O -or O -major O -depression O -developed O -akathisia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -typical O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -symptoms O -of O -restlessness O -, O -constant O -pacing O -, O -purposeless O -movements O -of O -the O -feet O -and O -legs O -, O -and O -marked O -anxiety O -were O -indistinguishable O -from O -those O -of O -neuroleptic O -- O -induced O -akathisia O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -patients O -who O -had O -experienced O -neuroleptic O -- O -induced O -akathisia O -in O -the O -past O -reported O -that O -the O -symptoms O -of O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -akathisia O -were O -identical O -, O -although O -somewhat O -milder O -. O - -aps B-category -Akathisia O -appeared O -to O -be O -a O -common O -side O -effect O -of O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -and O -generally O -responded O -well O -to O -treatment O -with O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonist O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -dose O -reduction O -, O -or O -both O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -suggest O -that O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -akathisia O -may O -be O -caused O -by O -serotonergically O -mediated O -inhibition O -of O -dopaminergic O -neurotransmission O -and O -that O -the O -pathophysiology O -of O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -akathisia O -and O -tricyclic O -antidepressant B-Chemical -- O -induced O -" O -jitteriness O -" O -may O -be O -identical O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -converting O -enzyme O -inhibition O -on O -the O -course O -of O -adriamycin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -the O -converting O -enzyme O -inhibitor O -( O -CEI O -) O -enalapril B-Chemical -was O -assessed O -in O -Munich O -- O -Wistar O -rats O -with O -established O -adriamycin B-Chemical -nephrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -were O -given O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -adriamycin B-Chemical -and O -one O -month O -later O -divided O -into O -four O -groups O -matched O -for O -albuminuria O -, O -blood O -pressure O -, O -and O -plasma O -albumin O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Groups O -1 O -and O -3 O -remained O -untreated O -while O -groups O -2 O -and O -4 O -received O -enalapril B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Groups O -1 O -and O -2 O -underwent O -micropuncture O -studies O -after O -10 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -short O -- O -term O -studies O -showed O -that O -enalapril B-Chemical -reduced O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -( O -101 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -vs O -. O -124 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -mm O -Hg O -, O -group O -2 O -vs O -. O -1 O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -and O -glomerular O -capillary O -pressure O -( O -54 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -vs O -. O -61 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -mm O -Hg O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -without O -reducing O -albuminuria O -( O -617 O -+ O -/ O -- O -50 O -vs O -. O -570 O -+ O -/ O -- O -47 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -or O -GFR O -( O -1 O -. O -03 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -04 O -vs O -. O -1 O -. O -04 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -11 O -ml O -/ O -min O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Groups O -3 O -and O -4 O -were O -studied O -at O -four O -and O -at O -six O -months O -to O -assess O -the O -effect O -of O -enalapril B-Chemical -on O -progression O -of O -renal O -injury O -in O -adriamycin B-Chemical -nephrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -enalapril B-Chemical -treatment O -reduced O -blood O -pressure O -without O -reducing O -albuminuria O -in O -group O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Untreated O -group O -3 O -rats O -exhibited O -a O -progressive O -reduction O -in O -GFR O -( O -0 O -. O -35 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -08 O -ml O -/ O -min O -at O -4 O -months O -, O -0 O -. O -27 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -07 O -ml O -/ O -min O -at O -6 O -months O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Enalapril B-Chemical -treatment O -blunted O -but O -did O -not O -prevent O -reduction O -in O -GFR O -in O -group O -4 O -( O -0 O -. O -86 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -15 O -ml O -/ O -min O -at O -4 O -months O -, O -0 O -. O -69 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -13 O -ml O -/ O -min O -at O -6 O -months O -, O -both O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -vs O -. O -group O -3 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -in O -GFR O -was O -associated O -with O -the O -development O -of O -glomerular O -sclerosis O -in O -both O -treated O -and O -untreated O -rats O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Clotiazepam B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -case O -of O -a O -patient O -who O -developed O -acute O -hepatitis O -with O -extensive O -hepatocellular O -necrosis O -, O -7 O -months O -after O -the O -onset O -of O -administration O -of O -clotiazepam B-Chemical -, O -a O -thienodiazepine B-Chemical -derivative O -. O - -aps B-category -Clotiazepam B-Chemical -withdrawal O -was O -followed O -by O -prompt O -recovery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -several O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -, O -chemically O -related O -to O -clotiazepam B-Chemical -, O -did O -not O -interfere O -with O -recovery O -and O -did O -not O -induce O -any O -relapse O -of O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -observation O -shows O -that O -clotiazepam B-Chemical -can O -induce O -acute O -hepatitis O -and O -suggests O -that O -there O -is O -no O -cross O -hepatotoxicity O -between O -clotiazepam B-Chemical -and O -several O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -potentiates O -initiation O -induced O -by O -carcinogens O -in O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -test O -the O -validity O -of O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -hypomethylation O -of O -DNA O -plays O -an O -important O -role O -in O -the O -initiation O -of O -carcinogenic O -process O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -AzC I-Chemical -) O -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -DNA O -methylation O -, O -was O -given O -to O -rats O -during O -the O -phase O -of O -repair O -synthesis O -induced O -by O -the O -three O -carcinogens O -, O -benzo B-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -a I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyrene I-Chemical -( O -200 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrosourea I-Chemical -( O -60 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dimethylhydrazine I-Chemical -( O -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DMH I-Chemical -) O -( O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -initiated O -hepatocytes O -in O -the O -liver O -were O -assayed O -as O -the O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -( O -gamma O -- O -GT O -) O -positive O -foci O -formed O -following O -a O -2 O -- O -week O -selection O -regimen O -consisting O -of O -dietary O -0 O -. O -02 O -% O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylaminofluorene I-Chemical -coupled O -with O -a O -necrogenic O -dose O -of O -CCl4 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -obtained O -indicate O -that O -with O -all O -three O -carcinogens O -, O -administration O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -AzC I-Chemical -during O -repair O -synthesis O -increased O -the O -incidence O -of O -initiated O -hepatocytes O -, O -for O -example O -10 O -- O -20 O -foci O -/ O -cm2 O -in O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -AzC I-Chemical -and O -carcinogen O -- O -treated O -rats O -compared O -with O -3 O -- O -5 O -foci O -/ O -cm2 O -in O -rats O -treated O -with O -carcinogen O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -[ B-Chemical -3H I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azadeoxycytidine I-Chemical -during O -the O -repair O -synthesis O -induced O -by O -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DMH I-Chemical -further O -showed O -that O -0 O -. O -019 O -mol O -% O -of O -cytosine B-Chemical -residues O -in O -DNA O -were O -substituted O -by O -the O -analogue O -, O -indicating O -that O -incorporation O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -AzC I-Chemical -occurs O -during O -repair O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -the O -carcinogen O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -AzC I-Chemical -given O -after O -a O -two O -thirds O -partial O -hepatectomy O -, O -when O -its O -incorporation O -should O -be O -maximum O -, O -failed O -to O -induce O -any O -gamma O -- O -GT O -positive O -foci O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -hypomethylation O -of O -DNA O -per O -se O -may O -not O -be O -sufficient O -for O -initiation O -. O - -aps B-category -Perhaps O -two O -events O -might O -be O -necessary O -for O -initiation O -, O -the O -first O -caused O -by O -the O -carcinogen O -and O -a O -second O -involving O -hypomethylation O -of O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Antihypertensive O -drugs O -and O -depression O -: O -a O -reappraisal O -. O - -aps B-category -Eighty O -- O -nine O -new O -referral O -hypertensive O -out O -- O -patients O -and O -46 O -new O -referral O -non O -- O -hypertensive O -chronically O -physically O -ill O -out O -- O -patients O -completed O -a O -mood O -rating O -scale O -at O -regular O -intervals O -for O -one O -year O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -showed O -a O -high O -prevalence O -of O -depression O -in O -both O -groups O -of O -patients O -, O -with O -no O -preponderance O -in O -the O -hypertensive O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypertensive O -patients O -with O -psychiatric O -histories O -had O -a O -higher O -prevalence O -of O -depression O -than O -the O -comparison O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -accounted O -for O -by O -a O -significant O -number O -of O -depressions O -occurring O -in O -methyl B-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -treated O -patients O -with O -psychiatric O -histories O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -active O -hepatitis O -associated O -with O -diclofenac B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Diclofenac B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -( O -Voltarol B-Chemical -, O -Geigy O -Pharmaceuticals O -) O -is O -a O -non O -- O -steroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -derivative O -of O -phenylacetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -generally O -well O -- O -tolerated O -, O -asymptomatic O -abnormalities O -of O -liver O -function O -have O -been O -recorded O -and O -, O -less O -commonly O -, O -severe O -hepatitis O -induced O -by O -diclofenac B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -described O -developed O -chronic O -active O -hepatitis O -after O -six O -months O -therapy O -with O -diclofenac B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -which O -progressed O -despite O -the O -withdrawal O -of O -the O -drug O -, O -a O -finding O -not O -previously O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -hypertension O -as O -a O -complication O -of O -prolonged O -ketoconazole B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -of O -14 O -patients O -with O -Cushing O -' O -s O -syndrome O -treated O -on O -a O -long O -- O -term O -basis O -with O -ketoconazole B-Chemical -developed O -sustained O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -cases O -normal O -plasma O -and O -urinary O -free O -cortisol B-Chemical -levels O -had O -been O -achieved O -following O -ketoconazole B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -yet O -continuous O -blood O -pressure O -monitoring O -demonstrated O -hypertension O -31 O -( O -patient O -1 O -) O -and O -52 O -weeks O -( O -patient O -2 O -) O -after O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patient O -1 O -, O -plasma O -levels O -of O -deoxycorticosterone B-Chemical -and O -11 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxycortisol I-Chemical -were O -elevated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patient O -2 O -, O -in O -addition O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -both O -deoxycorticosterone B-Chemical -and O -11 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxycortisol I-Chemical -levels O -, O -plasma O -aldosterone B-Chemical -values O -were O -raised O -, O -with O -a O -concomitant O -suppression O -of O -renin O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -findings O -show O -that O -long O -- O -term O -treatment O -with O -high O -doses O -of O -ketoconazole B-Chemical -may O -induce O -enzyme O -blockade O -leading O -to O -mineralocorticoid O -- O -related O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -converting O -enzyme O -( O -Captopril B-Chemical -) O -on O -pulmonary O -and O -renal O -insufficiency O -due O -to O -intravascular O -coagulation O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -intravascular O -coagulation O -and O -inhibition O -of O -fibrinolysis O -by O -injection O -of O -thrombin O -and O -tranexamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -AMCA B-Chemical -) O -in O -the O -rat O -gives O -rise O -to O -pulmonary O -and O -renal O -insufficiency O -resembling O -that O -occurring O -after O -trauma O -or O -sepsis O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Injection O -of O -Captopril B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -converting O -enzyme O -( O -ACE O -) O -, O -reduced O -both O -pulmonary O -and O -renal O -insufficiency O -in O -this O -rat O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lung O -weights O -were O -lower O -and O -PaO2 O -was O -improved O -in O -rats O -given O -this O -enzyme O -- O -blocking O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -contents O -of O -albumin O -in O -the O -lungs O -were O -not O -changed O -, O -indicating O -that O -Captopril B-Chemical -did O -not O -influence O -the O -extravasation O -of O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -damage O -as O -reflected O -by O -an O -increase O -in O -serum O -urea B-Chemical -and O -in O -kidney O -weight O -was O -prevented O -by O -Captopril B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -of O -fibrin O -in O -the O -kidneys O -was O -also O -considerably O -lower O -than O -in O -animals O -which O -received O -thrombin O -and O -AMCA B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -effects O -of O -Captopril B-Chemical -on O -the O -lungs O -may O -be O -attributable O -to O -a O -vasodilatory O -effect O -due O -to O -a O -reduction O -in O -the O -circulating O -level O -of O -Angiotension B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -and O -an O -increase O -in O -prostacyclin B-Chemical -( O -secondary O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -bradykinin B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Captopril B-Chemical -may O -, O -by O -the O -same O -mechanism O -, O -reduce O -the O -increase O -in O -glomerular O -filtration O -that O -is O -known O -to O -occur O -after O -an O -injection O -of O -thrombin O -, O -thereby O -diminishing O -the O -aggregation O -of O -fibrin O -monomers O -in O -the O -glomeruli O -, O -with O -the O -result O -that O -less O -fibrin O -will O -be O -deposited O -and O -thus O -less O -kidney O -damage O -will O -be O -produced O -. O - -aps B-category -Stroke O -associated O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -eight O -patients O -in O -whom O -cocaine B-Chemical -use O -was O -related O -to O -stroke O -and O -review O -39 O -cases O -from O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -these O -47 O -patients O -the O -mean O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -) O -age O -was O -32 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -12 O -. O -1 O -years O -; O -76 O -% O -( O -34 O -/ O -45 O -) O -were O -men O -. O - -aps B-category -Stroke O -followed O -cocaine B-Chemical -use O -by O -inhalation O -, O -intranasal O -, O -intravenous O -, O -and O -intramuscular O -routes O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracranial O -aneurysms O -or O -arteriovenous O -malformations O -were O -present O -in O -17 O -of O -32 O -patients O -studied O -angiographically O -or O -at O -autopsy O -; O -cerebral O -vasculitis O -was O -present O -in O -two O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -infarction O -occurred O -in O -10 O -patients O -( O -22 O -% O -) O -, O -intracerebral O -hemorrhage O -in O -22 O -( O -49 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -subarachnoid O -hemorrhage O -in O -13 O -( O -29 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -( O -1 O -) O -the O -apparent O -incidence O -of O -stroke O -related O -to O -cocaine B-Chemical -use O -is O -increasing O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -stroke O -occurs O -primarily O -in O -young O -adults O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -stroke O -may O -follow O -any O -route O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -administration O -; O -( O -4 O -) O -stroke O -after O -cocaine B-Chemical -use O -is O -frequently O -associated O -with O -intracranial O -aneurysms O -and O -arteriovenous O -malformations O -; O -and O -( O -5 O -) O -in O -cocaine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -stroke O -, O -the O -frequency O -of O -intracranial O -hemorrhage O -exceeds O -that O -of O -cerebral O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -randomized O -comparison O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -and O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -for O -induced O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -randomized O -study O -, O -labetalol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -and O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -were O -compared O -in O -20 O -patients O -( O -10 O -in O -each O -group O -) O -scheduled O -for O -major O -orthopedic O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -patient O -was O -subjected O -to O -an O -identical O -anesthetic O -protocol O -and O -similar O -drug O -- O -induced O -reductions O -in O -mean O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -( O -BP O -) O -( O -50 O -to O -55 O -mmHg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitroprusside O -infusion O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -significant O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -increase O -in O -heart O -rate O -and O -cardiac O -output O -; O -rebound O -hypertension O -was O -observed O -in O -three O -patients O -after O -discontinuation O -of O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Labetalol B-Chemical -administration O -was O -not O -associated O -with O -any O -of O -these O -findings O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -PO2 B-Chemical -decreased O -in O -both O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -labetalol B-Chemical -offers O -advantages O -over O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -status O -influences O -chronic O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -nephrotoxicity O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nephrotoxic O -potential O -of O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -day O -intraperitoneally O -for O -3 O -weeks O -) O -has O -been O -investigated O -in O -salt O -- O -depleted O -, O -normal O -- O -salt O -, O -and O -salt O -- O -loaded O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -salt O -- O -depleted O -rats O -, O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -decreased O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -linearly O -with O -time O -, O -with O -an O -85 O -% O -reduction O -by O -week O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -in O -normal O -- O -salt O -rats O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -was O -decreased O -but O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -at O -week O -2 O -and O -3 O -, O -and O -in O -salt O -- O -loaded O -rats O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -did O -not O -change O -for O -2 O -weeks O -and O -was O -decreased O -by O -43 O -% O -at O -week O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -rats O -in O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -- O -depleted O -group O -had O -histopathological O -evidence O -of O -patchy O -tubular O -cytoplasmic O -degeneration O -in O -tubules O -that O -was O -not O -observed O -in O -any O -normal O -- O -salt O -or O -salt O -- O -loaded O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentrations O -of O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -in O -plasma O -were O -not O -significantly O -different O -among O -the O -three O -groups O -at O -any O -time O -during O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -at O -the O -end O -of O -3 O -weeks O -, O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -levels O -in O -the O -kidneys O -and O -liver O -were O -significantly O -higher O -in O -salt O -- O -depleted O -and O -normal O -- O -salt O -rats O -than O -those O -in O -salt O -- O -loaded O -rats O -, O -with O -plasma O -/ O -kidney O -ratios O -of O -21 O -, O -14 O -, O -and O -8 O -in O -salt O -- O -depleted O -, O -normal O -- O -salt O -, O -and O -salt O -- O -loaded O -rats O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -reductions O -in O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -and O -renal O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -accumulation O -after O -chronic O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -administration O -were O -enhanced O -by O -salt O -depletion O -and O -attenuated O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -loading O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Flestolol B-Chemical -: O -an O -ultra O -- O -short O -- O -acting O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Flestolol B-Chemical -( O -ACC B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9089 I-Chemical -) O -is O -a O -nonselective O -, O -competitive O -, O -ultra O -- O -short O -- O -acting O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -, O -without O -any O -intrinsic O -sympathomimetic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Flestolol B-Chemical -is O -metabolized O -by O -plasma O -esterases O -and O -has O -an O -elimination O -half O -- O -life O -of O -approximately O -6 O -. O -5 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -agent O -was O -well O -tolerated O -in O -healthy O -volunteers O -at O -doses O -up O -to O -100 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -long O -- O -term O -infusion O -studies O -, O -flestolol B-Chemical -was O -well O -tolerated O -at O -the O -effective O -beta O -- O -blocking O -dose O -( O -5 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -) O -for O -up O -to O -seven O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Flestolol B-Chemical -blood O -concentrations O -increased O -linearly O -with O -increasing O -dose O -and O -good O -correlation O -exists O -between O -blood O -concentrations O -of O -flestolol B-Chemical -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -Flestolol B-Chemical -produced O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -attenuation O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -tachycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrophysiologic O -and O -hemodynamic O -effects O -of O -flestolol B-Chemical -are O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -other O -beta O -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -with O -other O -beta O -blockers O -, O -flestolol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -effects O -reverse O -rapidly O -( O -within O -30 O -minutes O -) O -following O -discontinuation O -because O -of O -its O -short O -half O -- O -life O -. O - -aps B-category -Flestolol B-Chemical -effectively O -reduced O -heart O -rate O -in O -patients O -with O -supraventricular O -tachyarrhythmia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -with O -unstable O -angina O -, O -flestolol B-Chemical -infusion O -was O -found O -to O -be O -safe O -and O -effective O -in O -controlling O -chest O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -flestolol B-Chemical -is O -a O -potent O -, O -well O -- O -tolerated O -, O -ultra O -- O -short O -- O -acting O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -flestolol B-Chemical -in O -the O -critical O -care O -setting O -is O -currently O -undergoing O -investigation O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunohistochemical O -, O -electron O -microscopic O -and O -morphometric O -studies O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -rat O -prolactinomas O -after O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -clarify O -the O -effects O -of O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -on O -prolactinoma O -cells O -in O -vivo O -, O -immunohistochemical O -, O -ultrastructural O -and O -morphometrical O -analyses O -were O -applied O -to O -estrogen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -rat O -prolactinoma O -cells O -1 O -h O -and O -6 O -h O -after O -injection O -of O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -body O -weight O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -h O -after O -treatment O -, O -serum O -prolactin O -levels O -decreased O -markedly O -. O - -aps B-category -Electron O -microscopy O -disclosed O -many O -secretory O -granules O -, O -slightly O -distorted O -rough O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -, O -and O -partially O -dilated O -Golgi O -cisternae O -in O -the O -prolactinoma O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphometric O -analysis O -revealed O -that O -the O -volume O -density O -of O -secretory O -granules O -increased O -, O -while O -the O -volume O -density O -of O -cytoplasmic O -microtubules O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -lowered O -serum O -prolactin O -levels O -in O -the O -early O -phase O -of O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -treatment O -may O -result O -from O -an O -impaired O -secretion O -of O -prolactin O -due O -to O -decreasing O -numbers O -of O -cytoplasmic O -microtubules O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -6 O -h O -after O -injection O -, O -serum O -prolactin O -levels O -were O -still O -considerably O -lower O -than O -in O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prolactinoma O -cells O -at O -this O -time O -were O -well O -granulated O -, O -with O -vesiculated O -rough O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -and O -markedly O -dilated O -Golgi O -cisternae O -. O - -aps B-category -Electron O -microscopical O -immunohistochemistry O -revealed O -positive O -reaction O -products O -noted O -on O -the O -secretory O -granules O -, O -Golgi O -cisternae O -, O -and O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -of O -the O -untreated O -rat O -prolactinoma O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -only O -secretory O -granules O -showed O -the O -positive O -reaction O -products O -for O -prolactin O -6 O -h O -after O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -treatment O -of O -the O -adenoma O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increase O -in O -the O -volume O -density O -of O -secretory O -granules O -and O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -volume O -densities O -of O -rough O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -and O -microtubules O -was O -determined O -by O -morphometric O -analysis O -, O -suggesting O -that O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -inhibits O -protein O -synthesis O -as O -well O -as O -bringing O -about O -a O -disturbance O -of O -the O -prolactin O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulfasalazine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -lupus O -erythematosus O -. O - -aps B-category -Pneumonitis O -, O -bilateral O -pleural O -effusions O -, O -echocardiographic O -evidence O -of O -cardiac O -tamponade O -, O -and O -positive O -autoantibodies O -developed O -in O -a O -43 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -, O -who O -was O -receiving O -long O -- O -term O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -chronic O -ulcerative O -colitis O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -cessation O -of O -the O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -and O -completion O -of O -a O -six O -- O -week O -course O -of O -corticosteroids O -, O -these O -problems O -resolved O -over O -a O -period O -of O -four O -to O -six O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -patient O -had O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -lupus O -, O -which O -manifested O -with O -serositis O -and O -pulmonary O -parenchymal O -involvement O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -joint O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Physicians O -who O -use O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -to O -treat O -patients O -with O -inflammatory O -bowel O -disease O -should O -be O -aware O -of O -the O -signs O -of O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -lupus O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -the O -rat O -: O -efficacy O -, O -toxicity O -, O -and O -effect O -on O -plasma O -and O -tissue O -folate B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Folate B-Chemical -depletion O -has O -often O -been O -a O -problem O -in O -chronic O -antiepileptic O -drug O -( O -AED O -) O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbamazepine B-Chemical -( O -CBZ B-Chemical -) O -, O -a O -commonly O -used O -AED O -, O -has O -been O -implicated O -in O -some O -clinical O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rat O -model O -was O -developed O -to O -examine O -the O -effects O -of O -chronic O -CBZ B-Chemical -treatment O -on O -folate B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -course O -of O -developing O -this O -model O -, O -a O -common O -vehicle O -, O -propylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -, O -by O -itself O -in O -high O -doses O -, O -was O -found O -to O -exhibit O -protective O -properties O -against O -induced O -seizures O -and O -inhibited O -weight O -gain O -. O - -aps B-category -Seizures O -induced O -by O -hexafluorodiethyl B-Chemical -ether I-Chemical -( O -HFDE B-Chemical -) O -were O -also O -found O -to O -be O -a O -more O -sensitive O -measure O -of O -protection O -by O -CBZ B-Chemical -than O -seizures O -induced O -by O -maximal O -electroshock O -( O -MES O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -administration O -of O -CBZ B-Chemical -as O -an O -aqueous O -suspension O -every O -8 O -h O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -250 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -was O -continuously O -protective O -against O -HFDE B-Chemical -- O -induced O -seizures O -and O -was O -minimally O -toxic O -as O -measured O -by O -weight O -gain O -over O -8 O -weeks O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -CBZ B-Chemical -levels O -measured O -in O -plasma O -and O -brain O -of O -these O -animals O -, O -however O -, O -were O -below O -those O -normally O -considered O -protective O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -treatment O -with O -CBZ B-Chemical -had O -no O -apparent O -adverse O -effect O -on O -folate B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -rat O -, O -and O -, O -indeed O -, O -the O -folate B-Chemical -concentration O -increased O -in O -liver O -after O -6 O -weeks O -of O -treatment O -and O -in O -plasma O -at O -8 O -weeks O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Dipyridamole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -ischemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Angina O -and O -ischemic O -electrocardiographic O -changes O -occurred O -after O -administration O -of O -oral O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -in O -four O -patients O -awaiting O -urgent O -myocardial O -revascularization O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -our O -knowledge O -, O -this O -has O -not O -previously O -been O -reported O -as O -a O -side O -effect O -of O -preoperative O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -although O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -ischemia O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -to O -occur O -in O -animals O -and O -humans O -with O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Epicardial O -coronary O -collateral O -vessels O -were O -demonstrated O -in O -all O -four O -patients O -; O -a O -coronary O -" O -steal O -" O -phenomenon O -may O -be O -the O -mechanism O -of O -the O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ischemia O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -sympathoadrenal O -activity O -by O -atrial O -natriuretic O -factor O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -six O -conscious O -, O -trained O -dogs O -, O -maintained O -on O -a O -normal O -sodium B-Chemical -intake O -of O -2 O -to O -4 O -mEq O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -, O -sympathetic O -activity O -was O -assessed O -as O -the O -release O -rate O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -during O -15 O -- O -minute O -i O -. O -v O -. O -infusions O -of O -human O -alpha O -- O -atrial O -natriuretic O -factor O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -arterial O -pressure O -( O -as O -a O -percentage O -of O -control O -+ O -/ O -- O -SEM O -) O -during O -randomized O -infusions O -of O -0 O -. O -03 O -, O -0 O -. O -1 O -, O -0 O -. O -3 O -, O -or O -1 O -. O -0 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -was O -99 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -, O -95 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -93 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -or O -79 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -% O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -respectively O -, O -but O -no O -tachycardia O -and O -no O -augmentation O -of O -the O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -release O -rate O -( O -up O -to O -0 O -. O -3 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -) O -were O -observed O -, O -which O -is O -in O -contrast O -to O -comparable O -hypotension O -induced O -by O -hydralazine B-Chemical -or O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -release O -rate O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -( O -control O -, O -6 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -6 O -ng O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -) O -declined O -immediately O -during O -infusions O -of O -atrial O -natriuretic O -factor O -to O -a O -minimum O -of O -49 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -% O -of O -control O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -during O -0 O -. O -1 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -and O -to O -63 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -% O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -greater O -than O -p O -greater O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -or O -95 O -+ O -/ O -- O -13 O -% O -( O -not O -significant O -) O -during O -0 O -. O -3 O -or O -1 O -. O -0 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Steady O -state O -arterial O -plasma O -concentrations O -of O -atrial O -natriuretic O -factor O -were O -39 O -+ O -/ O -- O -10 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -( O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -during O -infusions O -of O -saline O -and O -284 O -+ O -/ O -- O -24 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -( O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -and O -1520 O -+ O -/ O -- O -300 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -( O -n O -= O -9 O -) O -during O -0 O -. O -03 O -and O -0 O -. O -1 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -infusions O -of O -the O -factor O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -immunoreactive O -corticotropin O -- O -releasing O -factor O -secretion O -into O -the O -hypophysial O -- O -portal O -circulation O -by O -delayed O -glucocorticoid O -feedback O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitroprusside B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -evokes O -ACTH O -secretion O -which O -is O -primarily O -mediated O -by O -enhanced O -secretion O -of O -immunoreactive O -corticotropin O -- O -releasing O -factor O -( O -irCRF O -) O -into O -the O -hypophysial O -- O -portal O -circulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Portal O -plasma O -concentrations O -of O -neither O -arginine B-Chemical -vasopressin I-Chemical -nor O -oxytocin B-Chemical -are O -significantly O -altered O -in O -this O -paradigm O -. O - -aps B-category -Application O -of O -a O -delayed O -feedback O -signal O -, O -in O -the O -form O -of O -a O -2 O -- O -h O -systemic O -corticosterone B-Chemical -infusion O -in O -urethane B-Chemical -- O -anesthetized O -rats O -with O -pharmacological O -blockade O -of O -glucocorticoid O -synthesis O -, O -is O -without O -effect O -on O -the O -resting O -secretion O -of O -arginine B-Chemical -vasopressin I-Chemical -and O -oxytocin B-Chemical -at O -any O -corticosterone B-Chemical -feedback O -dose O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -Resting O -irCRF O -levels O -are O -suppressed O -only O -at O -the O -highest O -corticosterone B-Chemical -infusion O -rate O -, O -which O -resulted O -in O -systemic O -corticosterone B-Chemical -levels O -of O -40 O -micrograms O -/ O -dl O -. O - -aps B-category -Suppression O -of O -irCRF O -secretion O -in O -response O -to O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -is O -observed O -and O -occurs O -at O -a O -plasma O -corticosterone B-Chemical -level O -between O -8 O -- O -12 O -micrograms O -/ O -dl O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -provide O -further O -evidence O -for O -a O -strong O -central O -component O -of O -the O -delayed O -feedback O -process O -which O -is O -mediated O -by O -modulation O -of O -irCRF O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Noradrenergic O -involvement O -in O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -delta B-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tetrahydrocannabinol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -elucidate O -the O -role O -of O -the O -catecholaminergic O -system O -in O -the O -cataleptogenic O -effect O -of O -delta B-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tetrahydrocannabinol I-Chemical -( O -THC B-Chemical -) O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -pretreatment O -with O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -( O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -) O -or O -with O -desipramine B-Chemical -and O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -and O -lesions O -of O -the O -locus O -coeruleus O -were O -investigated O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cataleptogenic O -effect O -of O -THC B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -reduced O -in O -rats O -treated O -with O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -and O -in O -rats O -with O -lesions O -of O -the O -locus O -coeruleus O -but O -not O -in O -rats O -treated O -with O -desipramine B-Chemical -and O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -, O -as O -compared O -with O -control O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -contrary O -, O -the O -cataleptogenic O -effect O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -reduced O -in O -rats O -treated O -with O -desipramine B-Chemical -and O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -but O -not O -in O -rats O -treated O -with O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -or O -in O -rats O -with O -lesions O -of O -the O -locus O -coeruleus O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -noradrenergic O -neurons O -have O -an O -important O -role O -in O -the O -manifestation O -of O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -THC B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -dopaminergic O -neurons O -are O -important O -in O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Reversibility O -of O -captopril B-Chemical -- O -induced O -renal O -insufficiency O -after O -prolonged O -use O -in O -an O -unusual O -case O -of O -renovascular O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -severe O -hypertension O -with O -an O -occluded O -renal O -artery O -to O -a O -solitary O -kidney O -, O -who O -developed O -sudden O -deterioration O -of O -renal O -function O -following O -treatment O -with O -captopril B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -His O -renal O -function O -remained O -impaired O -but O -stable O -during O -2 O -years O -' O -treatment O -with O -captopril B-Chemical -but O -returned O -to O -pre O -- O -treatment O -levels O -soon O -after O -cessation O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -indicates O -reversibility O -in O -captopril B-Chemical -- O -induced O -renal O -failure O -even O -after O -its O -prolonged O -use O -and O -suggests O -that O -no O -organic O -damage O -occurs O -to O -glomerular O -arterioles O -following O -chronic O -ACE O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -HMG O -CoA O -reductase O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Current O -clinical O -experience O -. O - -aps B-category -Lovastatin B-Chemical -and O -simvastatin B-Chemical -are O -the O -2 O -best O -- O -known O -members O -of O -the O -class O -of O -hypolipidaemic O -agents O -known O -as O -HMG O -CoA O -reductase O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -experience O -with O -lovastatin B-Chemical -includes O -over O -5000 O -patients O -, O -700 O -of O -whom O -have O -been O -treated O -for O -2 O -years O -or O -more O -, O -and O -experience O -with O -simvastatin B-Chemical -includes O -over O -3500 O -patients O -, O -of O -whom O -350 O -have O -been O -treated O -for O -18 O -months O -or O -more O -. O - -aps B-category -Lovastatin B-Chemical -has O -been O -marketed O -in O -the O -United O -States O -for O -over O -6 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -agents O -show O -substantial O -clinical O -efficacy O -, O -with O -reductions O -in O -total O -cholesterol B-Chemical -of O -over O -30 O -% O -and O -in O -LDL O -- O -cholesterol B-Chemical -of O -40 O -% O -in O -clinical O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Modest O -increases O -in O -HDL O -- O -cholesterol B-Chemical -levels O -of O -about O -10 O -% O -are O -also O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -tolerability O -of O -both O -agents O -has O -been O -good O -, O -with O -fewer O -than O -3 O -% O -of O -patients O -withdrawn O -from O -treatment O -because O -of O -clinical O -adverse O -experiences O -. O - -aps B-category -Ophthalmological O -examinations O -in O -over O -1100 O -patients O -treated O -with O -one O -or O -the O -other O -agent O -have O -revealed O -no O -evidence O -of O -significant O -short O -term O -( O -up O -to O -2 O -years O -) O -cataractogenic O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -to O -2 O -% O -of O -patients O -have O -elevations O -of O -serum O -transaminases O -to O -greater O -than O -3 O -times O -the O -upper O -limit O -of O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -episodes O -are O -asymptomatic O -and O -reversible O -when O -therapy O -is O -discontinued O -. O - -aps B-category -Minor O -elevations O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -levels O -are O -reported O -in O -about O -5 O -% O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Myopathy O -, O -associated O -in O -some O -cases O -with O -myoglobinuria O -, O -and O -in O -2 O -cases O -with O -transient O -renal O -failure O -, O -has O -been O -rarely O -reported O -with O -lovastatin B-Chemical -, O -especially O -in O -patients O -concomitantly O -treated O -with O -cyclosporin B-Chemical -, O -gemfibrozil B-Chemical -or O -niacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lovastatin B-Chemical -and O -simvastatin B-Chemical -are O -both O -effective O -and O -well O -- O -tolerated O -agents O -for O -lowering O -elevated O -levels O -of O -serum O -cholesterol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -As O -wider O -use O -confirms O -their O -safety O -profile O -, O -they O -will O -gain O -increasing O -importance O -in O -the O -therapeutic O -approach O -to O -hypercholesterolaemia O -and O -its O -consequences O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -reactions O -associated O -with O -ketoconazole B-Chemical -in O -the O -United O -Kingdom O -. O - -aps B-category -Ketoconazole B-Chemical -was O -introduced O -in O -the O -United O -Kingdom O -in O -1981 O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -November O -1984 O -the O -Committee O -on O -Safety O -of O -Medicines O -had O -received O -82 O -reports O -of O -possible O -hepatotoxicity O -associated O -with O -the O -drug O -, O -including O -five O -deaths O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -analysis O -of O -the O -75 O -cases O -that O -had O -been O -adequately O -followed O -up O -suggested O -that O -16 O -, O -including O -three O -deaths O -, O -were O -probably O -related O -to O -treatment O -with O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -remainder O -, O -48 O -were O -possibly O -related O -to O -treatment O -, O -five O -were O -unlikely O -to O -be O -so O -, O -and O -six O -were O -unclassifiable O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -age O -of O -patients O -in O -the O -16 O -probable O -cases O -was O -57 O -. O -9 O -, O -with O -hepatotoxicity O -being O -more O -common O -in O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -duration O -of O -treatment O -before O -the O -onset O -of O -jaundice O -was O -61 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -these O -well O -validated O -cases O -occurred O -within O -the O -first O -10 O -days O -after O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -serum O -liver O -function O -tests O -suggested O -hepatocellular O -injury O -in O -10 O -( O -63 O -% O -) O -; O -the O -rest O -showed O -a O -mixed O -pattern O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -the O -results O -of O -histological O -examination O -of O -the O -liver O -often O -showed O -evidence O -of O -cholestasis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -characteristics O -of O -the O -48 O -patients O -in O -the O -possible O -cases O -were O -similar O -. O - -aps B-category -Allergic O -manifestations O -such O -as O -rash O -and O -eosinophilia O -were O -rare O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatitis O -was O -usually O -reversible O -when O -treatment O -was O -stopped O -, O -with O -the O -results O -of O -liver O -function O -tests O -returning O -to O -normal O -after O -an O -average O -of O -3 O -. O -1 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -two O -of O -the O -three O -deaths O -probably O -associated O -with O -ketoconazole B-Chemical -treatment O -the O -drug O -had O -been O -continued O -after O -the O -onset O -of O -jaundice O -and O -other O -symptoms O -of O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -and O -biochemical O -monitoring O -at O -regular O -intervals O -for O -evidence O -of O -hepatitis O -is O -advised O -during O -long O -term O -treatment O -with O -ketoconazole B-Chemical -to O -prevent O -possible O -serious O -hepatic O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -Glyburide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -- O -induced O -hepatotoxicity O -, O -although O -common O -, O -has O -been O -reported O -only O -infrequently O -with O -sulfonylureas B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -For O -glyburide B-Chemical -, O -a O -second O -- O -generation O -sulfonylurea B-Chemical -, O -only O -two O -brief O -reports O -of O -hepatotoxicity O -exist O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -with O -type O -II O -diabetes O -mellitus O -developed O -an O -acute O -hepatitis O -- O -like O -syndrome O -soon O -after O -initiation O -of O -glyburide B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -serologic O -evidence O -of O -viral O -infection O -, O -and O -a O -liver O -biopsy O -sample O -showed O -a O -histologic O -pattern O -consistent O -with O -drug O -- O -induced O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -patients O -recovered O -quickly O -after O -stopping O -glyburide B-Chemical -therapy O -and O -have O -remained O -well O -for O -a O -follow O -- O -up O -period O -of O -1 O -year O -. O - -aps B-category -Glyburide B-Chemical -can O -produce O -an O -acute O -hepatitis O -- O -like O -illness O -in O -some O -persons O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracranial O -pressure O -increases O -during O -alfentanil B-Chemical -- O -induced O -rigidity O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracranial O -pressure O -( O -ICP O -) O -was O -measured O -during O -alfentanil B-Chemical -- O -induced O -rigidity O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -rats O -had O -arterial O -, O -central O -venous O -( O -CVP O -) O -, O -and O -subdural O -cannulae O -inserted O -under O -halothane B-Chemical -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -animals O -were O -mechanically O -ventilated O -to O -achieve O -normocarbia O -( O -PCO2 O -= O -42 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -mmHg O -, O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SE O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -instrumentation O -, O -halothane B-Chemical -was O -discontinued O -and O -alfentanil B-Chemical -( O -125 O -mu O -/ O -kg O -) O -administered O -iv O -during O -emergence O -from O -halothane B-Chemical -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -five O -rats O -that O -developed O -somatic O -rigidity O -, O -ICP O -and O -CVP O -increased O -significantly O -above O -baseline O -( O -delta O -ICP O -7 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -mmHg O -, O -delta O -CVP O -5 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -3 O -mmHg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -variables O -returned O -to O -baseline O -when O -rigidity O -was O -abolished O -with O -metocurine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -five O -rats O -that O -did O -not O -become O -rigid O -, O -ICP O -and O -CVP O -did O -not O -change O -following O -alfentanil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -suggest O -that O -rigidity O -should O -be O -prevented O -when O -alfentanil B-Chemical -, O -and O -, O -presumably O -, O -other O -opiates O -, O -are O -used O -in O -the O -anesthetic O -management O -of O -patients O -with O -ICP O -problems O -. O - -aps B-category -Verapamil B-Chemical -withdrawal O -as O -a O -possible O -cause O -of O -myocardial O -infarction O -in O -a O -hypertensive O -woman O -with O -a O -normal O -coronary O -angiogram O -. O - -aps B-category -Verapamil B-Chemical -is O -an O -effective O -and O -relatively O -- O -safe O -antihypertensive O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Serious O -adverse O -effects O -are O -uncommon O -and O -mainly O -have O -been O -related O -to O -the O -depression O -of O -cardiac O -contractility O -and O -conduction O -, O -especially O -when O -the O -drug O -is O -combined O -with O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -in O -which O -myocardial O -infarction O -coincided O -with O -the O -introduction O -of O -captopril B-Chemical -and O -the O -withdrawal O -of O -verapamil B-Chemical -in O -a O -previously O -asymptomatic O -woman O -with O -severe O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -mechanisms O -that O -involve O -a O -verapamil B-Chemical -- O -related O -increase O -in O -platelet O -and O -/ O -or O -vascular O -alpha O -2 O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -affinity O -for O -catecholamines B-Chemical -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Haemolytic O -- O -uraemic O -syndrome O -after O -treatment O -with O -metronidazole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -paper O -describes O -the O -clinical O -features O -of O -six O -children O -who O -developed O -the O -haemolytic O -- O -uraemic O -syndrome O -after O -treatment O -with O -metronidazole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -children O -were O -older O -and O -were O -more O -likely O -to O -have O -undergone O -recent O -bowel O -surgery O -than O -are O -other O -children O -with O -this O -condition O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -the O -involvement O -of O -metronidazole B-Chemical -in O -the O -aetiology O -of O -the O -haemolytic O -- O -uraemic O -syndrome O -is O -not O -established O -firmly O -, O -the O -action O -of O -this O -drug O -in O -sensitizing O -tissues O -to O -oxidation O -injury O -and O -the O -reported O -evidence O -of O -oxidation O -changes O -in O -the O -haemolytic O -- O -uraemic O -syndrome O -suggest O -a O -possible O -link O -between O -metronidazole B-Chemical -treatment O -and O -some O -cases O -of O -the O -haemolytic O -- O -uraemic O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -cardiac O -effects O -during O -induction O -chemotherapy O -treatment O -with O -cis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -platin I-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Survival O -for O -patients O -with O -advanced O -head O -and O -neck O -carcinoma O -and O -esophageal O -carcinoma O -is O -poor O -with O -radiotherapy O -and O -/ O -or O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -Obviously O -, O -there O -is O -a O -need O -for O -effective O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -cis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -platin I-Chemical -( O -80 O -- O -120 O -mg O -/ O -m2BSA O -) O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -( O -1000 O -mg O -/ O -m2BSA O -daily O -as O -a O -continuous O -infusion O -during O -5 O -days O -) O -were O -given O -to O -76 O -patients O -before O -radiotherapy O -and O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -the O -study O -was O -to O -clarify O -the O -incidence O -and O -severity O -of O -adverse O -cardiac O -effects O -to O -this O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -treatment O -all O -patients O -had O -a O -cardiac O -evaluation O -and O -during O -treatment O -serial O -ECG O -recordings O -were O -performed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -pre O -- O -treatment O -evaluation O -, O -signs O -of O -cardiovascular O -disease O -were O -found O -in O -33 O -patients O -( O -43 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -treatment O -, O -adverse O -cardiac O -effects O -were O -observed O -in O -14 O -patients O -( O -18 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -age O -of O -these O -patients O -was O -the O -same O -as O -for O -the O -entire O -group O -, O -64 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -cardiotoxicity O -was O -not O -higher O -in O -patients O -with O -signs O -of O -cardiovascular O -disease O -than O -in O -those O -without O -in O -the O -pre O -- O -treatment O -evaluation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -common O -signs O -of O -cardiotoxicity O -were O -chest O -pain O -, O -ST O -- O -T O -wave O -changes O -and O -atrial O -fibrillation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -followed O -by O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -in O -one O -patient O -and O -sudden O -death O -in O -another O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -patients O -on O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -treatment O -should O -be O -under O -close O -supervision O -and O -that O -the O -treatment O -should O -be O -discontinued O -if O -chest O -pain O -or O -tachyarrhythmia O -is O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Death O -from O -chemotherapy O -in O -gestational O -trophoblastic O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Multiple O -cytotoxic O -drug O -administration O -is O -the O -generally O -accepted O -treatment O -of O -patients O -with O -a O -high O -- O -risk O -stage O -of O -choriocarcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -this O -principle O -a O -27 O -- O -year O -old O -woman O -, O -classified O -as O -being O -in O -the O -high O -- O -risk O -group O -( O -Goldstein O -and O -Berkowitz O -score O -: O -11 O -) O -, O -was O -treated O -with O -multiple O -cytotoxic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -multiple O -drug O -schema O -consisted O -of O -: O -Etoposide B-Chemical -16 O -. O -213 O -, O -Methotrexate B-Chemical -, O -Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -, O -Actomycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -, O -and O -Cisplatin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -first O -day O -of O -the O -schedule O -, O -moderate O -high O -doses O -of O -Methotrexate B-Chemical -, O -Etoposide B-Chemical -and O -Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -were O -administered O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -8 O -hours O -after O -initiation O -of O -therapy O -the O -patient O -died O -with O -a O -clinical O -picture O -resembling O -massive O -pulmonary O -obstruction O -due O -to O -choriocarcinomic O -tissue O -plugs O -, O -probably O -originating O -from O -the O -uterus O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -these O -plugs O -was O -probably O -due O -to O -extensive O -tumor O -necrosis O -at O -the O -level O -of O -the O -walls O -of O -the O -major O -uterine O -veins O -, O -which O -resulted O -in O -an O -open O -exchange O -of O -tumor O -plugs O -to O -the O -vascular O -spaces O -; O -decrease O -in O -tumor O -tissue O -coherence O -secondary O -to O -chemotherapy O -may O -have O -further O -contributed O -to O -the O -formation O -of O -tumor O -emboli O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -view O -of O -the O -close O -time O -association O -between O -the O -start O -of O -chemotherapy O -and O -the O -acute O -onset O -of O -massive O -embolism O -other O -explanations O -, O -such O -as O -spontaneous O -necrosis O -, O -must O -be O -considered O -less O -likely O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -large O -pelvic O -tumor O -loads O -are O -, O -according O -to O -existing O -classifications O -, O -at O -high O -risk O -to O -die O -and O -to O -develop O -drug O -resistance O -. O - -aps B-category -Notwithstanding O -these O -facts O -our O -findings O -suggest O -that O -these O -patients O -might O -benefit O -from O -relatively O -mild O -initial O -treatment O -, O -especially O -true O -for O -patients O -not O -previously O -exposed O -to O -this O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Close O -observation O -of O -the O -response O -status O -both O -clinically O -and O -with O -beta O -- O -hCG O -values O -may O -indicate O -whether O -and O -when O -more O -agressive O -combination O -chemotherapy O -should O -be O -started O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Pulmonary O -shunt O -and O -cardiovascular O -responses O -to O -CPAP O -during O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -continuous O -positive O -airway O -pressure O -( O -CPAP O -) O -on O -cardiovascular O -dynamics O -and O -pulmonary O -shunt O -( O -QS O -/ O -QT O -) O -were O -investigated O -in O -12 O -dogs O -before O -and O -during O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -infusion O -that O -decreased O -mean O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -40 O -- O -50 O -per O -cent O -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -infusion O -, O -5 O -cm O -H2O B-Chemical -CPAP O -significantly O -, O -P O -less O -than O -. O -05 O -, O -decreased O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -, O -but O -did O -not O -significantly O -alter O -heart O -rate O -, O -cardiac O -output O -, O -systemic O -vascular O -resistance O -, O -or O -QS O -/ O -QT O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -cm O -H2O B-Chemical -CPAP O -before O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -infusion O -produced O -a O -further O -decrease O -in O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -and O -significantly O -increased O -heart O -rate O -and O -decreased O -cardiac O -output O -and O -QS O -/ O -QT O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitroprusside B-Chemical -caused O -significant O -decreases O -in O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -and O -systemic O -vascular O -resistance O -and O -increases O -in O -heart O -rate O -, O -but O -did O -not O -change O -cardiac O -output O -or O -QS O -/ O -QT O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -cm O -H2O B-Chemical -CPAP O -during O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -did O -not O -further O -alter O -any O -of O -the O -above O -- O -mentioned O -variables O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -10 O -cm O -H2O B-Chemical -CPAP O -decreased O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -, O -cardiac O -output O -, O -and O -QS O -/ O -QT O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -infusion O -rates O -that O -decrease O -mean O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -by O -40 O -- O -50 O -per O -cent O -do O -not O -change O -cardiac O -output O -or O -QS O -/ O -QT O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -infusion O -low O -levels O -of O -CPAP O -do O -not O -markedly O -alter O -cardiovascular O -dynamics O -, O -but O -high O -levels O -of O -CPAP O -( O -10 O -cm O -H2O B-Chemical -) O -, O -while O -decreasing O -QS O -/ O -QT O -, O -produce O -marked O -decreases O -in O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -and O -cardiac O -output O -. O - -aps B-category -Systolic O -pressure O -variation O -is O -greater O -during O -hemorrhage O -than O -during O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -in O -ventilated O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -systolic O -pressure O -variation O -( O -SPV O -) O -, O -which O -is O -the O -difference O -between O -the O -maximal O -and O -minimal O -values O -of O -the O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -( O -SBP O -) O -after O -one O -positive O -- O -pressure O -breath O -, O -was O -studied O -in O -ventilated O -dogs O -subjected O -to O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -arterial O -pressure O -was O -decreased O -to O -50 O -mm O -Hg O -for O -30 O -minutes O -either O -by O -hemorrhage O -( O -HEM O -, O -n O -= O -7 O -) O -or O -by O -continuous O -infusion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -( O -SNP B-Chemical -, O -n O -= O -7 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -HEM O -- O -induced O -hypotension O -the O -cardiac O -output O -was O -significantly O -lower O -and O -systemic O -vascular O -resistance O -higher O -compared O -with O -that O -in O -the O -SNP B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -systemic O -, O -central O -venous O -, O -pulmonary O -capillary O -wedge O -pressures O -, O -and O -heart O -rates O -, O -were O -similar O -in O -the O -two O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -the O -respiratory O -changes O -in O -the O -arterial O -pressure O -waveform O -enabled O -differentiation O -between O -the O -two O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -SPV O -during O -hypotension O -was O -15 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -. O -7 O -mm O -Hg O -in O -the O -HEM O -group O -, O -compared O -with O -9 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -0 O -mm O -Hg O -in O -the O -SNP B-Chemical -group O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -delta O -down O -, O -which O -is O -the O -measure O -of O -decrease O -of O -SBP O -after O -a O -mechanical O -breath O -, O -was O -20 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -. O -4 O -and O -10 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -8 O -mm O -Hg O -in O -the O -HEM O -and O -SNP B-Chemical -groups O -, O -respectively O -, O -during O -hypotension O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -increases O -in O -the O -SPV O -and O -the O -delta O -down O -are O -characteristic O -of O -a O -hypotensive O -state O -due O -to O -a O -predominant O -decrease O -in O -preload O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -are O -thus O -more O -important O -during O -absolute O -hypovolemia O -than O -during O -deliberate O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Ventricular O -tachyarrhythmias O -during O -cesarean O -section O -after O -ritodrine B-Chemical -therapy O -: O -interaction O -with O -anesthetics O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -illustrates O -that O -patients O -receiving O -ritodrine B-Chemical -for O -preterm O -labor O -may O -risk O -interactions O -between O -the O -residual O -betamimetic O -effects O -of O -ritodrine B-Chemical -and O -the O -effects O -of O -anesthetics O -during O -cesarean O -section O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -interactions O -may O -result O -in O -serious O -cardiovascular O -complications O -even O -after O -cessation O -of O -an O -infusion O -of O -ritodrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Preoperative O -assessment O -should O -focus O -on O -cardiovascular O -status O -and O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Delaying O -induction O -of O -anesthesia O -should O -be O -considered O -whenever O -possible O -. O - -aps B-category -Careful O -fluid O -administration O -and O -cautious O -use O -of O -titrated O -doses O -of O -ephedrine B-Chemical -are O -advised O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -delivery O -of O -the O -infant O -, O -there O -should O -be O -no O -contraindication O -to O -the O -use O -of O -an O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -vasopressor O -such O -as O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -to O -treat O -hypotensive O -patients O -with O -tachycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -Verapamil B-Chemical -- O -induced O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -neurotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -report O -of O -two O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -with O -signs O -of O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -neurotoxicity O -after O -combined O -treatment O -with O -verapamil B-Chemical -showed O -complete O -recovery O -after O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -entry O -blocker O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -verapamil B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -should O -either O -be O -avoided O -or O -prescribed O -only O -with O -appropriate O -adjustment O -of O -the O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -dose O -( O -usually O -reduction O -of O -the O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -dose O -by O -one O -half O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Paracetamol B-Chemical -- O -associated O -coma O -, O -metabolic O -acidosis O -, O -renal O -and O -hepatic O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -metabolic O -acidosis O -, O -acute O -renal O -failure O -and O -hepatic O -failure O -following O -paracetamol B-Chemical -ingestion O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diagnostic O -difficulty O -at O -presentation O -is O -highlighted O -. O - -aps B-category -Continuous O -arteriovenous O -haemofiltration O -proved O -a O -valuable O -means O -of O -maintaining O -fluid O -and O -electrolyte O -balance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -recovered O -. O - -aps B-category -Sexual O -dysfunction O -among O -patients O -with O -arthritis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -of O -arthritis O -and O -sexual O -dysfunction O -was O -investigated O -among O -169 O -patients O -with O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -, O -osteoarthritis O -and O -spondyloarthropathy O -, O -130 O -of O -whom O -were O -pair O -- O -matched O -to O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Assessments O -of O -marital O -happiness O -and O -depressed O -mood O -were O -also O -made O -using O -the O -CES O -- O -D O -and O -the O -Azrin O -Marital O -Happiness O -Scale O -( O -AMHS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Sexual O -dysfunctions O -were O -found O -to O -be O -common O -among O -patients O -and O -controls O -, O -the O -majority O -in O -both O -groups O -reporting O -one O -or O -more O -dysfunctions O -. O - -aps B-category -Impotence O -was O -more O -common O -among O -male O -patients O -than O -controls O -and O -was O -found O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -co O -- O -morbidity O -and O -the O -taking O -of O -methotrexate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Depressed O -mood O -was O -more O -common O -among O -patients O -and O -was O -associated O -with O -certain O -sexual O -difficulties O -, O -but O -not O -with O -impotence O -. O - -aps B-category -Marital O -unhappiness O -, O -as O -indicated O -by O -AMHS O -scores O -, O -was O -not O -associated O -with O -arthritis O -but O -was O -associated O -with O -sexual O -dysfunction O -, O -sexual O -dissatisfaction O -and O -being O -female O -. O - -aps B-category -Does O -paracetamol B-Chemical -cause O -urothelial O -cancer O -or O -renal O -papillary O -necrosis O -? O - -aps B-category -The O -risk O -of O -developing O -renal O -papillary O -necrosis O -or O -cancer O -of O -the O -renal O -pelvis O -, O -ureter O -or O -bladder O -associated O -with O -consumption O -of O -either O -phenacetin B-Chemical -or O -paracetamol B-Chemical -was O -calculated O -from O -data O -acquired O -by O -questionnaire O -from O -381 O -cases O -and O -808 O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -risk O -of O -renal O -papillary O -necrosis O -was O -increased O -nearly O -20 O -- O -fold O -by O -consumption O -of O -phenacetin B-Chemical -, O -which O -also O -increased O -the O -risk O -for O -cancer O -of O -the O -renal O -pelvis O -and O -bladder O -but O -not O -for O -ureteric O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast O -, O -we O -were O -unable O -to O -substantiate O -an O -increased O -risk O -from O -paracetamol B-Chemical -consumption O -for O -renal O -papillary O -necrosis O -or O -any O -of O -these O -cancers O -although O -there O -was O -a O -suggestion O -of O -an O -association O -with O -cancer O -of O -the O -ureter O -. O - -aps B-category -Dapsone B-Chemical -- O -associated O -Heinz O -body O -hemolytic O -anemia O -in O -a O -Cambodian O -woman O -with O -hemoglobin O -E O -trait O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -Cambodian O -woman O -with O -hemoglobin O -E O -trait O -( O -AE O -) O -and O -leprosy O -developed O -a O -Heinz O -body O -hemolytic O -anemia O -while O -taking O -a O -dose O -of O -dapsone B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -not O -usually O -associated O -with O -clinical O -hemolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Her O -red O -blood O -cells O -( O -RBCs O -) O -had O -increased O -incubated O -Heinz O -body O -formation O -, O -decreased O -reduced O -glutathione B-Chemical -( O -GSH B-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -decreased O -GSH B-Chemical -stability O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pentose B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -shunt O -activity O -of O -the O -dapsone B-Chemical -- O -exposed O -AE O -RBCs O -was O -increased O -compared O -to O -normal O -RBCs O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -AE O -RBCs O -from O -an O -individual O -not O -taking O -dapsone B-Chemical -had O -increased O -incubated O -Heinz O -body O -formation O -, O -the O -GSH B-Chemical -content O -and O -GSH B-Chemical -stability O -were O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pentose B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -shunt O -activity O -of O -the O -non O -- O -dapsone B-Chemical -- O -exposed O -AE O -RBCs O -was O -decreased O -compared O -to O -normal O -RBCs O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -AE O -RBCs O -appear O -to O -have O -an O -increased O -sensitivity O -to O -oxidant O -stress O -both O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -, O -since O -dapsone B-Chemical -does O -not O -cause O -hemolytic O -anemia O -at O -this O -dose O -in O -hematologically O -normal O -individuals O -. O - -aps B-category -Given O -the O -influx O -of O -Southeast O -Asians O -into O -the O -United O -States O -, O -oxidant O -medications O -should O -be O -used O -with O -caution O -, O -especially O -if O -an O -infection O -is O -present O -, O -in O -individuals O -of O -ethnic O -backgrounds O -that O -have O -an O -increased O -prevalence O -of O -hemoglobin O -E O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -complications O -of O -antianginal O -drug O -therapy O -in O -a O -patient O -identified O -as O -a O -poor O -metabolizer O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -propafenone B-Chemical -, O -diltiazem B-Chemical -, O -and O -sparteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -47 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -patient O -suffering O -from O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -was O -admitted O -to O -the O -CCU O -in O -shock O -with O -III O -. O - -aps B-category -AV O -block O -, O -severe O -hypotension O -, O -and O -impairment O -of O -ventricular O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -week O -prior O -to O -admission O -a O -therapy O -with O -standard O -doses O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -( O -100 O -mg O -t O -. O -i O -. O -d O -. O -and O -then O -100 O -mg O -b O -. O -i O -. O -d O -. O -) O -had O -been O -initiated O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -days O -before O -admission O -diltiazem B-Chemical -( O -60 O -mg O -b O -. O -i O -. O -d O -. O -) O -was O -prescribed O -in O -addition O -. O - -aps B-category -Analyses O -of O -a O -blood O -sample O -revealed O -unusually O -high O -plasma O -concentrations O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -( O -greater O -than O -3000 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -) O -and O -diltiazem B-Chemical -( O -526 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -recovered O -within O -1 O -week O -following O -discontinuation O -of O -antianginal O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -months O -later O -the O -patient O -was O -exposed O -to O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -diltiazem B-Chemical -, O -propafenone B-Chemical -( O -since O -he O -had O -received O -this O -drug O -in O -the O -past O -) O -, O -and O -sparteine B-Chemical -( O -as O -a O -probe O -for O -the O -debrisoquine B-Chemical -/ O -sparteine B-Chemical -type O -polymorphism O -of O -oxidative O -drug O -metabolism O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -he O -was O -a O -poor O -metabolizer O -of O -all O -four O -drugs O -, O -indicating O -that O -their O -metabolism O -is O -under O -the O -same O -genetic O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -patients O -belonging O -to O -the O -poor O -- O -metabolizer O -phenotype O -of O -sparteine B-Chemical -/ O -debrisoquine B-Chemical -polymorphism O -in O -drug O -metabolism O -, O -which O -constitutes O -6 O -. O -4 O -% O -of O -the O -German O -population O -, O -may O -experience O -adverse O -drug O -reactions O -when O -treated O -with O -standard O -doses O -of O -one O -of O -these O -drugs O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -the O -coadministration O -of O -these O -frequently O -used O -drugs O -is O -expected O -to O -be O -especially O -harmful O -in O -this O -subgroup O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -experiences O -in O -an O -open O -and O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -sixty O -patients O -were O -trated O -with O -bromperidol B-Chemical -first O -in O -open O -conditions O -( O -20 O -patients O -) O -, O -then O -on O -a O -double O -blind O -basis O -( O -40 O -patients O -) O -with O -haloperidol B-Chemical -as O -the O -reference O -substance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -open O -study O -lasted O -for O -four O -weeks O -; O -the O -drug O -was O -administrated O -in O -the O -form O -of O -1 O -mg O -tablets O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -daily O -dose O -( O -initial O -dose O -: O -1 O -mg O -; O -mean O -dose O -at O -the O -end O -of O -the O -trial O -: O -4 O -. O -47 O -mg O -) O -was O -always O -administered O -in O -one O -single O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Nineteen O -patients O -finished O -the O -trial O -, O -and O -in O -18 O -cases O -the O -therapeutic O -result O -was O -considered O -very O -good O -to O -good O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -were O -confirmed O -by O -statistical O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Nine O -patients O -exhibited O -mild O -to O -moderate O -extrapyramidal O -concomitant O -symptoms O -; O -no O -other O -side O -effects O -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -detailed O -laboratory O -tests O -and O -evaluations O -of O -various O -quantitative O -and O -qualitative O -tolerability O -parameters O -were O -not O -indicative O -of O -toxic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -double O -blind O -study O -with O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -both O -substances O -were O -found O -to O -be O -highly O -effective O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -psychotic O -syndromes O -belonging O -predominantly O -to O -the O -schizophrenia O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Certain O -clues O -, O -including O -the O -onset O -of O -action O -, O -seem O -to O -be O -indicative O -of O -the O -superiority O -of O -bromperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -No O -differences O -were O -observed O -with O -respect O -to O -side O -effects O -and O -general O -tolerability O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolonged O -cholestasis O -after O -troleandomycin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -case O -of O -a O -patient O -in O -whom O -troleandomycin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hepatitis O -was O -followed O -by O -prolonged O -anicteric O -cholestasis O -. O - -aps B-category -Jaundice O -occurred O -after O -administration O -of O -troleandomycin B-Chemical -for O -7 O -days O -and O -was O -associated O -with O -hypereosinophilia O -. O - -aps B-category -Jaundice O -disappeared O -within O -3 O -months O -but O -was O -followed O -by O -prolonged O -anicteric O -cholestasis O -marked O -by O -pruritus O -and O -high O -levels O -of O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -and O -gammaglutamyltransferase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -pruritus O -disappeared O -within O -19 O -months O -, O -and O -liver O -tests O -returned O -to O -normal O -27 O -months O -after O -the O -onset O -of O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -observation O -demonstrates O -that O -prolonged O -cholestasis O -can O -follow O -troleandomycin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Serial O -studies O -of O -auditory O -neurotoxicity O -in O -patients O -receiving O -deferoxamine B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Visual O -and O -auditory O -neurotoxicity O -was O -previously O -documented O -in O -42 O -of O -89 O -patients O -with O -transfusion O -- O -dependent O -anemia O -who O -were O -receiving O -iron B-Chemical -chelation O -therapy O -with O -daily O -subcutaneous O -deferoxamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -two O -patients O -in O -the O -affected O -group O -had O -abnormal O -audiograms O -with O -deficits O -mostly O -in O -the O -high O -frequency O -range O -of O -4 O -, O -000 O -to O -8 O -, O -000 O -Hz O -and O -in O -the O -hearing O -threshold O -levels O -of O -30 O -to O -100 O -decibels O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -deferoxamine B-Chemical -therapy O -was O -discontinued O -and O -serial O -studies O -were O -performed O -, O -audiograms O -in O -seven O -cases O -reverted O -to O -normal O -or O -near O -normal O -within O -two O -to O -three O -weeks O -, O -and O -nine O -of O -13 O -patients O -with O -symptoms O -became O -asymptomatic O -. O - -aps B-category -Audiograms O -from O -15 O -patients O -remained O -abnormal O -and O -four O -patients O -required O -hearing O -aids O -because O -of O -permanent O -disability O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -18 O -of O -the O -22 O -patients O -were O -initially O -receiving O -deferoxamine B-Chemical -doses O -in O -excess O -of O -the O -commonly O -recommended O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -dose O -, O -therapy O -was O -restarted O -with O -lower O -doses O -, O -usually O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -dose O -or O -less O -depending O -on O -the O -degree O -of O -auditory O -abnormality O -, O -and O -with O -the O -exception O -of O -two O -cases O -no O -further O -toxicity O -was O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -Auditory O -deterioration O -and O -improvement O -, O -demonstrated O -serially O -in O -individual O -patients O -receiving O -and O -not O -receiving O -deferoxamine B-Chemical -, O -respectively O -, O -provided O -convincing O -evidence O -for O -a O -cause O -- O -and O -- O -effect O -relation O -between O -deferoxamine B-Chemical -administration O -and O -ototoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -these O -data O -, O -a O -plan O -of O -management O -was O -developed O -that O -allows O -effective O -yet O -safe O -administration O -of O -deferoxamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -dose O -of O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -is O -recommended O -in O -those O -without O -audiogram O -abnormalities O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -mild O -toxicity O -, O -a O -reduction O -to O -30 O -or O -40 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -dose O -should O -result O -in O -a O -reversal O -of O -the O -abnormal O -results O -to O -normal O -within O -four O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Moderate O -abnormalities O -require O -a O -reduction O -of O -deferoxamine B-Chemical -to O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -dose O -with O -careful O -monitoring O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -those O -with O -symptoms O -of O -hearing O -loss O -, O -the O -drug O -should O -be O -stopped O -for O -four O -weeks O -, O -and O -when O -the O -audiogram O -is O -stable O -or O -improved O -, O -therapy O -should O -be O -restarted O -at O -10 O -to O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Serial O -audiograms O -should O -be O -performed O -every O -six O -months O -in O -those O -without O -problems O -and O -more O -frequently O -in O -young O -patients O -with O -normal O -serum O -ferritin O -values O -and O -in O -those O -with O -auditory O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -Lidocaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiac O -asystole O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -administration O -of O -a O -single O -50 O -- O -mg O -bolus O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -in O -a O -67 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -resulted O -in O -profound O -depression O -of O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -sinoatrial O -and O -atrioventricular O -nodal O -pacemakers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -had O -no O -apparent O -associated O -conditions O -which O -might O -have O -predisposed O -him O -to O -the O -development O -of O -bradyarrhythmias O -; O -and O -, O -thus O -, O -this O -probably O -represented O -a O -true O -idiosyncrasy O -to O -lidocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Flurbiprofen B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -juvenile O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -four O -patients O -with O -juvenile O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -, O -who O -were O -treated O -with O -flurbiprofen B-Chemical -at O -a O -maximum O -dose O -of O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -, O -had O -statistically O -significant O -decreases O -from O -baseline O -in O -6 O -arthritis O -indices O -after O -12 O -weeks O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Improvements O -were O -seen O -in O -the O -number O -of O -tender O -joints O -, O -the O -severity O -of O -swelling O -and O -tenderness O -, O -the O -time O -of O -walk O -50 O -feet O -, O -the O -duration O -of O -morning O -stiffness O -and O -the O -circumference O -of O -the O -left O -knee O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -frequently O -observed O -side O -effect O -was O -fecal O -occult O -blood O -( O -25 O -% O -of O -patients O -) O -; O -however O -, O -there O -was O -no O -other O -evidence O -of O -gastrointestinal O -( O -GI O -) O -bleeding O -in O -these O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -patient O -was O -prematurely O -discontinued O -from O -the O -study O -for O -severe O -headache O -and O -abdominal O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -side O -effects O -were O -mild O -and O -related O -to O -the O -GI O -tract O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyperkalemia O -associated O -with O -sulindac B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyperkalemia O -has O -recently O -been O -recognized O -as O -a O -complication O -of O -nonsteroidal O -antiinflammatory O -agents O -( O -NSAID O -) O -such O -as O -indomethacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -recent O -studies O -have O -stressed O -the O -renal O -sparing O -features O -of O -sulindac B-Chemical -, O -owing O -to O -its O -lack O -of O -interference O -with O -renal O -prostacyclin B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -4 O -patients O -in O -whom O -hyperkalemia O -ranging O -from O -6 O -. O -1 O -to O -6 O -. O -9 O -mEq O -/ O -l O -developed O -within O -3 O -to O -8 O -days O -of O -sulindac B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -of O -them O -normal O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -levels O -reached O -within O -2 O -to O -4 O -days O -of O -stopping O -sulindac B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -As O -no O -other O -medications O -known O -to O -effect O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -had O -been O -given O -concomitantly O -, O -this O -course O -of O -events O -is O -suggestive O -of O -a O -cause O -- O -and O -- O -effect O -relationship O -between O -sulindac B-Chemical -and O -hyperkalemia O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -indicate O -that O -initial O -hopes O -that O -sulindac B-Chemical -may O -not O -be O -associated O -with O -the O -adverse O -renal O -effects O -of O -other O -NSAID O -are O -probably O -not O -justified O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -- O -induced O -arterial O -spasm O -relieved O -by O -lidocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -major O -intracranial O -surgery O -in O -a O -35 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -pentothal I-Chemical -was O -intravenously O -infused O -to O -minimize O -cerebral O -ischaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Intense O -vasospasm O -with O -threatened O -gangrene O -arose O -in O -the O -arm O -used O -for O -the O -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -cranial O -condition O -precluded O -use O -of O -more O -usual O -methods O -, O -lidocaine B-Chemical -was O -given O -intra O -- O -arterially O -, O -with O -careful O -cardiovascular O -monitoring O -, O -to O -counteract O -the O -vasospasm O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -treatment O -was O -rapidly O -successful O -. O - -aps B-category -Regional O -localization O -of O -the O -antagonism O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -by O -intracerebral O -calcitonin B-Chemical -injections O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcitonin B-Chemical -receptors O -are O -found O -in O -the O -brain O -, O -and O -intracerebral O -infusions O -of O -calcitonin B-Chemical -can O -produce O -behavioral O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -these O -behavioral O -effects O -are O -decreases O -in O -food O -intake O -and O -decreases O -in O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -locomotor O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -previous O -experiments O -we O -found O -that O -decreases O -in O -food O -intake O -were O -induced O -by O -local O -administration O -of O -calcitonin B-Chemical -into O -several O -hypothalamic O -sites O -and O -into O -the O -nucleus O -accumbens O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -experiment O -calcitonin B-Chemical -decreased O -locomotor O -activity O -when O -locally O -injected O -into O -the O -same O -sites O -where O -it O -decreases O -food O -intake O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -areas O -where O -calcitonin B-Chemical -is O -most O -effective O -in O -decreasing O -locomotor O -activity O -are O -located O -in O -the O -hypothalamus O -and O -nucleus O -accumbens O -, O -suggesting O -that O -these O -areas O -are O -the O -major O -sites O -of O -action O -of O -calcitonin B-Chemical -in O -inhibiting O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -locomotor O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hematologic O -effects O -of O -cefonicid B-Chemical -and O -cefazedone B-Chemical -in O -the O -dog O -: O -a O -potential O -model O -of O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -hematotoxicity O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Cephalosporin B-Chemical -antibiotics O -cause O -a O -variety O -of O -hematologic O -disturbances O -in O -man O -, O -the O -pathogeneses O -and O -hematopathology O -of O -which O -remain O -poorly O -characterized O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -a O -need O -for O -a O -well O -- O -defined O -animal O -model O -in O -which O -these O -blood O -dyscrasias O -can O -be O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -four O -subacute O -toxicity O -studies O -, O -the O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -cefonicid B-Chemical -or O -cefazedone B-Chemical -to O -beagle O -dogs O -caused O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -incidence O -of O -anemia O -, O -neutropenia O -, O -and O -thrombocytopenia O -after O -1 O -- O -3 O -months O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -nonregenerative O -anemia O -was O -the O -most O -compromising O -of O -the O -cytopenias O -and O -occurred O -in O -approximately O -50 O -% O -of O -dogs O -receiving O -400 O -- O -500 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -cefonicid B-Chemical -or O -540 O -- O -840 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -cefazedone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -three O -cytopenias O -were O -completely O -reversible O -following O -cessation O -of O -treatment O -; O -the O -time O -required O -for O -recovery O -of O -the O -erythron O -( O -approximately O -1 O -month O -) O -was O -considerably O -longer O -than O -that O -of O -the O -granulocytes O -and O -platelets O -( O -hours O -to O -a O -few O -days O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Upon O -rechallenge O -with O -either O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -, O -the O -hematologic O -syndrome O -was O -reproduced O -in O -most O -dogs O -tested O -; O -cefonicid B-Chemical -( O -but O -not O -cefazedone B-Chemical -) O -- O -treated O -dogs O -showed O -a O -substantially O -reduced O -induction O -period O -( O -15 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -days O -) O -compared O -to O -that O -of O -the O -first O -exposure O -to O -the O -drug O -( O -61 O -+ O -/ O -- O -24 O -days O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -observation O -, O -along O -with O -the O -rapid O -rate O -of O -decline O -in O -red O -cell O -mass O -parameters O -of O -affected O -dogs O -, O -suggests O -that O -a O -hemolytic O -component O -complicated O -the O -red O -cell O -production O -problem O -and O -that O -multiple O -toxicologic O -mechanisms O -contributed O -to O -the O -cytopenia O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -the O -administration O -of O -high O -doses O -of O -cefonicid B-Chemical -or O -cefazedone B-Chemical -to O -dogs O -can O -induce O -hematotoxicity O -similar O -to O -the O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -blood O -dyscrasias O -described O -in O -man O -and O -thus O -provides O -a O -useful O -model O -for O -studying O -the O -mechanisms O -of O -these O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -blood O -flow O -and O -metabolism O -during O -isoflurane B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -in O -patients O -subjected O -to O -surgery O -for O -cerebral O -aneurysms O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -blood O -flow O -and O -cerebral O -metabolic O -rate O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -were O -measured O -during O -isoflurane B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -in O -10 O -patients O -subjected O -to O -craniotomy O -for O -clipping O -of O -a O -cerebral O -aneurysm O -. O - -aps B-category -Flow O -and O -metabolism O -were O -measured O -5 O -- O -13 O -days O -after O -the O -subarachnoid O -haemorrhage O -by O -a O -modification O -of O -the O -classical O -Kety O -- O -Schmidt O -technique O -using O -xenon B-Chemical -- O -133 O -i O -. O -v O -. O -Anaesthesia O -was O -maintained O -with O -an O -inspired O -isoflurane B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -0 O -. O -75 O -% O -( O -plus O -67 O -% O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -) O -, O -during O -which O -CBF O -and O -CMRO2 O -were O -34 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -1 O -ml O -/ O -100 O -g O -min O -- O -1 O -and O -2 O -. O -32 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -16 O -ml O -/ O -100 O -g O -min O -- O -1 O -at O -PaCO2 O -4 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -1 O -kPa O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SEM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Controlled O -hypotension O -to O -an O -average O -MAP O -of O -50 O -- O -55 O -mm O -Hg B-Chemical -was O -induced O -by O -increasing O -the O -dose O -of O -isoflurane B-Chemical -, O -and O -maintained O -at O -an O -inspired O -concentration O -of O -2 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -resulted O -in O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -CMRO2 O -( O -to O -1 O -. O -73 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -16 O -ml O -/ O -100 O -g O -min O -- O -1 O -) O -, O -while O -CBF O -was O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -clipping O -of O -the O -aneurysm O -the O -isoflurane B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -reduced O -to O -0 O -. O -75 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -CBF O -, O -although O -CMRO2 O -was O -unchanged O -, O -compared O -with O -pre O -- O -hypotensive O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -might O -offer O -protection O -to O -brain O -tissue O -during O -periods O -of O -induced O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Triazolam B-Chemical -- O -induced O -brief O -episodes O -of O -secondary O -mania O -in O -a O -depressed O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Large O -doses O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -repeatedly O -induced O -brief O -episodes O -of O -mania O -in O -a O -depressed O -elderly O -woman O -. O - -aps B-category -Features O -of O -organic O -mental O -disorder O -( O -delirium O -) O -were O -not O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -Manic O -excitement O -was O -coincident O -with O -the O -duration O -of O -action O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -contribution O -of O -the O -triazolo B-Chemical -group O -to O -changes O -in O -affective O -status O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -correlation O -between O -neurotoxic O -esterase O -inhibition O -and O -mipafox B-Chemical -- O -induced O -neuropathic O -damage O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -correlation O -between O -neuropathic O -damage O -and O -inhibition O -of O -neurotoxic O -esterase O -or O -neuropathy O -target O -enzyme O -( O -NTE O -) O -was O -examined O -in O -rats O -acutely O -exposed O -to O -Mipafox B-Chemical -( O -N B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diisopropylphosphorodiamidofluoridate I-Chemical -) O -, O -a O -neurotoxic O -organophosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -and O -spinal O -cord O -NTE O -activities O -were O -measured O -in O -Long O -- O -Evans O -male O -rats O -1 O -hr O -post O -- O -exposure O -to O -various O -dosages O -of O -Mipafox B-Chemical -( O -ip O -, O -1 O -- O -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -were O -correlated O -with O -histologically O -scored O -cervical O -cord O -damage O -in O -a O -separate O -group O -of O -similarly O -dosed O -rats O -sampled O -14 O -- O -21 O -days O -post O -- O -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -Those O -dosages O -( O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -that O -inhibited O -mean O -NTE O -activity O -in O -the O -spinal O -cord O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -73 O -% O -and O -brain O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -67 O -% O -of O -control O -values O -produced O -severe O -( O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -3 O -) O -cervical O -cord O -pathology O -in O -85 O -% O -of O -the O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -dosages O -of O -Mipafox B-Chemical -( O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -which O -inhibited O -mean O -NTE O -activity O -in O -spinal O -cord O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -61 O -% O -and O -brain O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -60 O -% O -produced O -this O -degree O -of O -cord O -damage O -in O -only O -9 O -% O -of O -the O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -a O -critical O -percentage O -of O -NTE O -inhibition O -in O -brain O -and O -spinal O -cord O -sampled O -shortly O -after O -Mipafox B-Chemical -exposure O -can O -predict O -neuropathic O -damage O -in O -rats O -several O -weeks O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -Allergic O -reaction O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -allergic O -reaction O -consisting O -of O -angioneurotic O -edema O -secondary O -to O -continuous O -infusion O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -occurred O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -recurrent O -carcinoma O -of O -the O -oral O -cavity O -, O -cirrhosis O -, O -and O -cisplatin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -impaired O -renal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -reaction O -occurred O -during O -the O -sixth O -and O -seventh O -courses O -of O -infusional O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -and O -prednisone B-Chemical -were O -ineffective O -in O -preventing O -the O -recurrence O -of O -the O -allergic O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Discontinuance O -of O -effective O -chemotherapy O -in O -this O -patient O -during O -partial O -remission O -resulted O -in O -fatal O -disease O -progression O -. O - -aps B-category -Myasthenia O -gravis O -caused O -by O -penicillamine B-Chemical -and O -chloroquine B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -described O -a O -unique O -patient O -who O -had O -reversible O -and O -dose O -- O -related O -myasthenia O -gravis O -after O -penicillamine B-Chemical -and O -chloroquine B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptor O -antibodies O -were O -not O -detectable O -, O -the O -time O -course O -was O -consistent O -with O -an O -autoimmune O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -mechanisms O -of O -the O -development O -of O -tolerance O -to O -the O -muscular O -rigidity O -produced O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -development O -of O -tolerance O -to O -the O -muscular O -rigidity O -produced O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Saline O -- O -pretreated O -controls O -given O -a O -test O -dose O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -showed O -a O -pronounced O -rigidity O -recorded O -as O -tonic O -activity O -in O -the O -electromyogram O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -treated O -for O -11 O -days O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -withdrawn O -for O -36 O -- O -40 O -h O -showed O -differences O -in O -the O -development O -of O -tolerance O -: O -about O -half O -of O -the O -animals O -showed O -a O -rigidity O -after O -the O -test O -dose O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -that O -was O -not O -significantly O -less O -than O -in O -the O -controls O -and O -were O -akinetic O -( O -A O -group O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -other O -rats O -showed O -a O -strong O -decrease O -in O -the O -rigidity O -and O -the O -occurrence O -of O -stereotyped O -( O -S O -) O -licking O -and O -/ O -or O -gnawing O -in O -presence O -of O -akinetic O -or O -hyperkinetic O -( O -K O -) O -behaviour O -( O -AS O -/ O -KS O -group O -) O -, O -suggesting O -signs O -of O -dopaminergic O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rigidity O -was O -considerably O -decreased O -in O -both O -groups O -after O -20 O -days O -' O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -further O -series O -of O -experiments O -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -was O -used O -in O -order O -to O -block O -the O -dopaminergic O -activation O -and O -to O -estimate O -the O -real O -degree O -of O -the O -tolerance O -to O -the O -rigidity O -without O -any O -dopaminergic O -interference O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -enhanced O -the O -rigidity O -in O -the O -A O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -level O -in O -the O -AS O -/ O -KS O -group O -remained O -considerably O -lower O -than O -in O -the O -A O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -rigidity O -, O -which O -is O -assumed O -to O -be O -due O -to O -an O -action O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -the O -striatum O -, O -can O -be O -antagonized O -by O -another O -process O -leading O -to O -dopaminergic O -activation O -in O -the O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -Nevertheless O -, O -there O -occurs O -some O -real O -tolerance O -to O -this O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rapid O -alternations O -of O -rigidity O -and O -the O -signs O -of O -dopaminergic O -activation O -observed O -in O -the O -animals O -of O -the O -AS O -/ O -KS O -group O -might O -be O -due O -to O -rapid O -shifts O -in O -the O -predominance O -of O -various O -DA O -- O -innervated O -structures O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -massive O -rhabdomyolysis O -following O -molindone B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Rhabdomyolysis O -is O -a O -potentially O -lethal O -syndrome O -that O -psychiatric O -patients O -seem O -predisposed O -to O -develop O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -signs O -and O -symptoms O -, O -typical O -laboratory O -features O -, O -and O -complications O -of O -rhabdomyolysis O -are O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -case O -of O -a O -schizophrenic O -patient O -is O -reported O -to O -illustrate O -massive O -rhabdomyolysis O -and O -subsequent O -acute O -renal O -failure O -following O -molindone B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Physicians O -who O -prescribe O -molindone B-Chemical -should O -be O -aware O -of O -this O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Compression O -neuropathy O -of O -the O -radial O -nerve O -due O -to O -pentazocine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -fibrous O -myopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Fibrous O -myopathy O -is O -a O -common O -, O -well O -- O -known O -side O -effect O -of O -repeated O -pentazocine B-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -compression O -neuropathy O -due O -to O -fibrotic O -muscle O -affected O -by O -pentazocine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myopathy O -has O -not O -previously O -been O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -37 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -documented O -pentazocine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -fibrous O -myopathy O -of O -triceps O -and O -deltoid O -muscles O -bilaterally O -and O -a O -three O -- O -week O -history O -of O -right O -wrist O -drop O -, O -electrodiagnostic O -examination O -showed O -a O -severe O -but O -partial O -lesion O -of O -the O -right O -radial O -nerve O -distal O -to O -the O -branches O -to O -the O -triceps O -, O -in O -addition O -to O -the O -fibrous O -myopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Surgery O -revealed O -the O -right O -radial O -nerve O -to O -be O -severely O -compressed O -by O -the O -densely O -fibrotic O -lateral O -head O -of O -the O -triceps O -. O - -aps B-category -Decompression O -and O -neurolysis O -were O -performed O -with O -good O -subsequent O -recovery O -of O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Recurrent O -reversible O -acute O -renal O -failure O -from O -amphotericin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -patient O -with O -cryptogenic O -cirrhosis O -and O -disseminated O -sporotrichosis O -developed O -acute O -renal O -failure O -immediately O -following O -the O -administration O -of O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -on O -four O -separate O -occasions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -abruptness O -of O -the O -renal O -failure O -and O -its O -reversibility O -within O -days O -suggests O -that O -there O -was O -a O -functional O -component O -to O -the O -renal O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -propose O -that O -amphotericin B-Chemical -, O -in O -the O -setting O -of O -reduced O -effective O -arterial O -volume O -, O -may O -activate O -tubuloglomerular O -feedback O -, O -thereby O -contributing O -to O -acute O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -infarction O -with O -a O -single O -oral O -dose O -of O -phenylpropanolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylpropanolamine B-Chemical -( O -PPA B-Chemical -) O -, O -a O -synthetic O -sympathomimetic O -that O -is O -structurally O -similar O -to O -amphetamine B-Chemical -, O -is O -available O -over O -the O -counter O -in O -anorectics O -, O -nasal O -congestants O -, O -and O -cold O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -prolonged O -use O -or O -overuse O -has O -been O -associated O -with O -seizures O -, O -intracerebral O -hemorrhage O -, O -neuropsychiatric O -symptoms O -, O -and O -nonhemorrhagic O -cerebral O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -case O -of O -a O -young O -woman O -who O -suffered O -a O -cerebral O -infarction O -after O -taking O -a O -single O -oral O -dose O -of O -PPA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Remission O -induction O -of O -meningeal O -leukemia O -with O -high O -- O -dose O -intravenous O -methotrexate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -children O -with O -acute O -lymphoblastic O -leukemia O -who O -developed O -meningeal O -disease O -were O -treated O -with O -a O -high O -- O -dose O -intravenous O -methotrexate B-Chemical -regimen O -that O -was O -designed O -to O -achieve O -and O -maintain O -CSF O -methotrexate B-Chemical -concentrations O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -mol O -/ O -L O -without O -the O -need O -for O -concomitant O -intrathecal O -dosing O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -methotrexate B-Chemical -was O -administered O -as O -a O -loading O -dose O -of O -6 O -, O -000 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -for O -a O -period O -of O -one O -hour O -followed O -by O -an O -infusion O -of O -1 O -, O -200 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -/ O -h O -for O -23 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Leucovorin B-Chemical -rescue O -was O -initiated O -12 O -hours O -after O -the O -end O -of O -the O -infusion O -with O -a O -loading O -dose O -of O -200 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -followed O -by O -12 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -every O -three O -hours O -for O -six O -doses O -and O -then O -every O -six O -hours O -until O -the O -plasma O -methotrexate B-Chemical -level O -decreased O -to O -less O -than O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -mol O -/ O -L O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -steady O -- O -state O -plasma O -and O -CSF O -methotrexate B-Chemical -concentrations O -achieved O -were O -1 O -. O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -mol O -/ O -L O -and O -3 O -. O -6 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -mol O -/ O -L O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -20 O -patients O -responded O -to O -this O -regimen O -, O -16 O -/ O -20 O -( O -80 O -% O -) O -achieved O -a O -complete O -remission O -, O -and O -20 O -% O -obtained O -a O -partial O -remission O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -common O -toxicities O -encountered O -were O -transient O -serum O -transaminase O -and O -bilirubin B-Chemical -elevations O -, O -neutropenia O -, O -and O -mucositis O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -patient O -had O -focal O -seizures O -and O -transient O -hemiparesis O -but O -recovered O -completely O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -- O -dose O -intravenous O -methotrexate B-Chemical -is O -an O -effective O -treatment O -for O -the O -induction O -of O -remission O -after O -meningeal O -relapse O -in O -acute O -lymphoblastic O -leukemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -cyclosporin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -with O -antineoplastic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -synergistic O -effect O -of O -etoposide B-Chemical -and O -cyclosporin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -was O -observed O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -acute O -T O -- O -lymphocytic O -leukemia O -in O -relapse O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concomitant O -administration O -of O -etoposide B-Chemical -and O -cyclosporin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -resulted O -in O -eradication O -of O -hitherto O -refractory O -leukemic O -infiltration O -of O -bone O -marrow O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -side O -effects O -in O -terms O -of O -mental O -confusion O -and O -progressive O -hyperbilirubinemia O -, O -however O -, O -point O -to O -an O -enhancement O -not O -only O -of O -antineoplastic O -effects O -but O -also O -of O -toxicity O -in O -normal O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -report O -demonstrates O -for O -the O -first O -time O -that O -the O -pharmacodynamic O -properties O -of O -cyclosporin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -may O -not O -be O -confined O -strictly O -to O -suppression O -of O -normal O -T O -- O -cell O -functions O -. O - -aps B-category -Incidence O -of O -neoplasms O -in O -patients O -with O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -exposed O -to O -different O -treatment O -regimens O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunosuppressive O -drugs O -have O -been O -used O -during O -the O -last O -30 O -years O -in O -treatment O -of O -patients O -with O -severe O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drugs O -commonly O -used O -are O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -and O -chlorambucil B-Chemical -( O -alkylating B-Chemical -agents I-Chemical -) O -, O -azathioprine B-Chemical -( O -purine B-Chemical -analogue O -) O -, O -and O -methotrexate B-Chemical -( O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analogue O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -evidence O -that O -all O -four O -immunosuppressive O -drugs O -can O -reduce O -synovitis O -, O -but O -disease O -activity O -almost O -always O -recurs O -after O -therapy O -is O -stopped O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -adverse O -reactions O -are O -frequent O -, O -less O -than O -50 O -percent O -of O -patients O -are O -able O -to O -continue O -a O -particular O -drug O -for O -more O -than O -one O -year O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -it O -takes O -three O -to O -12 O -months O -to O -achieve O -maximal O -effects O -, O -those O -patients O -who O -are O -unable O -to O -continue O -the O -drug O -receive O -little O -benefit O -from O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -treated O -with O -alkylating B-Chemical -agents I-Chemical -have O -an O -increased O -risk O -of O -development O -of O -acute O -nonlymphocytic O -leukemia O -, O -and O -both O -alkylating B-Chemical -agents I-Chemical -and O -azathioprine B-Chemical -are O -associated O -with O -the O -development O -of O -non O -- O -Hodgkin O -' O -s O -lymphoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -therapy O -increases O -the O -risk O -of O -carcinoma O -of O -the O -bladder O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -have O -been O -several O -long O -- O -term O -studies O -of O -patients O -with O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -treated O -with O -azathioprine B-Chemical -and O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -and O -the O -incidence O -of O -most O -of O -the O -common O -cancers O -is O -not O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -on O -the O -possible O -increased O -risk O -of O -malignancy O -in O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -are O -still O -being O -collected O -, O -and O -until O -further O -information O -is O -available O -, O -the O -use O -of O -immunosuppressive O -drugs O -, O -particularly O -alkylating B-Chemical -agents I-Chemical -, O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -should O -be O -reserved O -for O -patients O -with O -severe O -progressive O -disease O -or O -life O -- O -threatening O -complications O -. O - -aps B-category -Warfarin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -iliopsoas O -hemorrhage O -with O -subsequent O -femoral O -nerve O -palsy O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -present O -the O -case O -of O -a O -28 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -on O -chronic O -warfarin B-Chemical -therapy O -who O -sustained O -a O -minor O -muscle O -tear O -and O -developed O -increasing O -pain O -and O -a O -flexure O -contracture O -of O -the O -right O -hip O -. O - -aps B-category -Surgical O -exploration O -revealed O -an O -iliopsoas O -hematoma O -and O -femoral O -nerve O -entrapment O -, O -resulting O -in O -a O -femoral O -nerve O -palsy O -and O -partial O -loss O -of O -quadriceps O -functions O -. O - -aps B-category -Anticoagulant O -- O -induced O -femoral O -nerve O -palsy O -represents O -the O -most O -common O -form O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -; O -it O -is O -characterized O -by O -severe O -pain O -in O -the O -inguinal O -region O -, O -varying O -degrees O -of O -motor O -and O -sensory O -impairment O -, O -and O -flexure O -contracture O -of O -the O -involved O -extremity O -. O - -aps B-category -Pneumonitis O -with O -pleural O -and O -pericardial O -effusion O -and O -neuropathy O -during O -amiodarone B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -patient O -with O -sinuatrial O -disease O -and O -implanted O -pacemaker O -was O -treated O -with O -amiodarone B-Chemical -( O -maximum O -dose O -1000 O -mg O -, O -maintenance O -dose O -800 O -mg O -daily O -) O -for O -10 O -months O -, O -for O -control O -of O -supraventricular O -tachyarrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -developed O -pneumonitis O -, O -pleural O -and O -pericardial O -effusions O -, O -and O -a O -predominantly O -proximal O -motor O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Immediate O -but O -gradual O -improvement O -followed O -withdrawal O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -and O -treatment O -with O -prednisolone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Review O -of O -this O -and O -previously O -reported O -cases O -indicates O -the O -need O -for O -early O -diagnosis O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -pneumonitis O -, O -immediate O -withdrawal O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -, O -and O -prompt O -but O -continued O -steroid B-Chemical -therapy O -to O -ensure O -full O -recovery O -. O - -aps B-category -Amiodarone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -sinoatrial O -block O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -observed O -sinoatrial O -block O -due O -to O -chronic O -amiodarone B-Chemical -administration O -in O -a O -5 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -boy O -with O -primary O -cardiomyopathy O -, O -Wolff O -- O -Parkinson O -- O -White O -syndrome O -and O -supraventricular O -tachycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -in O -the O -dosage O -of O -amiodarone B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -the O -disappearance O -of O -the O -sinoatrial O -block O -and O -the O -persistence O -of O -asymptomatic O -sinus O -bradycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -Desipramine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -delirium O -at O -" O -subtherapeutic O -" O -concentrations O -: O -a O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -elderly O -patient O -treated O -with O -low O -dose O -Desipramine B-Chemical -developed O -a O -delirium O -while O -her O -plasma O -level O -was O -in O -the O -" O -subtherapeutic O -" O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -Delirium O -, O -which O -may O -be O -induced O -by O -tricyclic O -drug O -therapy O -in O -the O -elderly O -, O -can O -be O -caused O -by O -tricyclics O -with O -low O -anticholinergic O -potency O -. O - -aps B-category -Therapeutic O -ranges O -for O -antidepressants B-Chemical -that O -have O -been O -derived O -from O -general O -adult O -population O -studies O -may O -not O -be O -appropriate O -for O -the O -elderly O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -studies O -of O -specifically O -elderly O -patients O -are O -now O -required O -to O -establish O -safer O -and O -more O -appropriate O -guidelines O -for O -drug O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Indomethacin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -renal O -insufficiency O -: O -recurrence O -on O -rechallenge O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -reported O -a O -case O -of O -acute O -oliguric O -renal O -failure O -with O -hyperkalemia O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -cirrhosis O -, O -ascites O -, O -and O -cor O -pulmonale O -after O -indomethacin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Prompt O -restoration O -of O -renal O -function O -followed O -drug O -withdrawal O -, O -while O -re O -- O -exposure O -to O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -caused O -recurrence O -of O -acute O -reversible O -oliguria O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -case O -supports O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -endogenous O -renal O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -play O -a O -role O -in O -the O -maintenance O -of O -renal O -blood O -flow O -when O -circulating O -plasma O -volume O -is O -diminished O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -nonsteroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -agents O -interfere O -with O -this O -compensatory O -mechanism O -and O -may O -cause O -acute O -renal O -failure O -, O -they O -should O -be O -used O -with O -caution O -in O -such O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Patterns O -of O -hepatic O -injury O -induced O -by O -methyldopa B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Twelve O -patients O -with O -liver O -disease O -related O -to O -methyldopa B-Chemical -were O -seen O -between O -1967 O -and O -1977 O -. O - -aps B-category -Illness O -occurred O -within O -1 O -- O -- O -9 O -weeks O -of O -commencement O -of O -therapy O -in O -9 O -patients O -, O -the O -remaining O -3 O -patients O -having O -received O -the O -drug O -for O -13 O -months O -, O -15 O -months O -and O -7 O -years O -before O -experiencing O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Jaundice O -with O -tender O -hepatomegaly O -, O -usually O -preceded O -by O -symptoms O -of O -malaise O -, O -anorexia O -, O -nausea O -and O -vomiting O -, O -and O -associated O -with O -upper O -abdominal O -pain O -, O -was O -an O -invariable O -finding O -in O -all O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -liver O -function O -tests O -indicated O -hepatocellular O -necrosis O -and O -correlated O -with O -histopathological O -evidence O -of O -hepatic O -injury O -, O -the O -spectrum O -of O -which O -ranged O -from O -fatty O -change O -and O -focal O -hepatocellular O -necrosis O -to O -massive O -hepatic O -necrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -patients O -showed O -moderate O -to O -severe O -acute O -hepatitis O -or O -chronic O -active O -hepatitis O -with O -associated O -cholestasis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -was O -withdrawn O -on O -presentation O -to O -hospital O -in O -11 O -patients O -, O -with O -rapid O -clinical O -improvement O -in O -9 O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -patient O -died O -, O -having O -presented O -in O -hepatic O -failure O -, O -and O -another O -, O -who O -had O -been O -taking O -methyldopa B-Chemical -for O -7 O -years O -, O -showed O -slower O -clinical O -and O -biochemical O -resolution O -over O -a O -period O -of O -several O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -remaining O -patient O -in O -the O -series O -developed O -fulminant O -hepatitis O -when O -the O -drug O -was O -accidentally O -recommenced O -1 O -year O -after O -a O -prior O -episode O -of O -methyldopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -latter O -patient O -, O -and O -in O -2 O -others O -, O -the O -causal O -relationship O -between O -methyldopa B-Chemical -and O -hepatic O -dysfunction O -was O -proved O -with O -the O -recurrence O -of O -hepatitis O -within O -2 O -weeks O -of O -re O -- O -exposure O -to O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Suxamethonium B-Chemical -infusion O -rate O -and O -observed O -fasciculations O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -dose O -- O -response O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Suxamethonium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -( O -Sch B-Chemical -) O -was O -administered O -i O -. O -v O -. O -to O -36 O -adult O -males O -at O -six O -rates O -: O -0 O -. O -25 O -mg O -s O -- O -1 O -to O -20 O -mg O -s O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -infusion O -was O -discontinued O -either O -when O -there O -was O -no O -muscular O -response O -to O -tetanic O -stimulation O -of O -the O -ulnar O -nerve O -or O -when O -Sch B-Chemical -120 O -mg O -was O -exceeded O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -additional O -patients O -received O -a O -30 O -- O -mg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -bolus O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Fasciculations O -in O -six O -areas O -of O -the O -body O -were O -scored O -from O -0 O -to O -3 O -and O -summated O -as O -a O -total O -fasciculation O -score O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -times O -to O -first O -fasciculation O -, O -twitch O -suppression O -and O -tetanus O -suppression O -were O -inversely O -related O -to O -the O -infusion O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -Fasciculations O -in O -the O -six O -areas O -and O -the O -total O -fasciculation O -score O -were O -related O -directly O -to O -the O -rate O -of O -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -fasciculation O -scores O -in O -the O -30 O -- O -mg O -bolus O -group O -and O -the O -5 O -- O -mg O -s O -- O -1 O -and O -20 O -- O -mg O -s O -- O -1 O -infusion O -groups O -were O -not O -significantly O -different O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -psoriasis O -with O -azathioprine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Azathioprine B-Chemical -treatment O -benefited O -19 O -( O -66 O -% O -) O -out O -of O -29 O -patients O -suffering O -from O -severe O -psoriasis O -. O - -aps B-category -Haematological O -complications O -were O -not O -troublesome O -and O -results O -of O -biochemical O -liver O -function O -tests O -remained O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -Minimal O -cholestasis O -was O -seen O -in O -two O -cases O -and O -portal O -fibrosis O -of O -a O -reversible O -degree O -in O -eight O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -biopsies O -should O -be O -undertaken O -at O -regular O -intervals O -if O -azathioprine B-Chemical -therapy O -is O -continued O -so O -that O -structural O -liver O -damage O -may O -be O -detected O -at O -an O -early O -and O -reversible O -stage O -. O - -aps B-category -Angiosarcoma O -of O -the O -liver O -associated O -with O -diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Angiosarcoma O -of O -the O -liver O -occurred O -in O -a O -76 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -who O -had O -been O -treated O -for O -a O -well O -- O -differentiated O -adenocarcinoma O -of O -the O -liver O -with O -diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical -for O -13 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Angiosarcoma O -was O -also O -present O -within O -pulmonary O -and O -renal O -arteries O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -that O -the O -intraarterial O -lesions O -might O -represent O -independent O -primary O -tumors O -is O -considered O -. O - -aps B-category -Galanthamine B-Chemical -hydrobromide I-Chemical -, O -a O -longer O -acting O -anticholinesterase O -drug O -, O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -the O -central O -effects O -of O -scopolamine B-Chemical -( O -Hyoscine B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Galanthamine B-Chemical -hydrobromide I-Chemical -, O -an O -anticholinesterase O -drug O -capable O -of O -penetrating O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -, O -was O -used O -in O -a O -patient O -demonstrating O -central O -effects O -of O -scopolamine B-Chemical -( O -hyoscine B-Chemical -) O -overdosage O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -longer O -acting O -than O -physostigmine B-Chemical -and O -is O -used O -in O -anaesthesia O -to O -reverse O -the O -non O -- O -depolarizing O -neuromuscular O -block O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -studies O -into O -the O -dose O -necessary O -to O -combating O -scopolamine B-Chemical -intoxication O -are O -indicated O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -subjective O -effects O -and O -plasma O -concentrations O -following O -oral O -and O -i O -. O -m O -. O -administration O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -in O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -Flunitrazepam B-Chemical -0 O -. O -5 O -, O -1 O -. O -0 O -or O -2 O -. O -0 O -mg O -was O -given O -by O -the O -oral O -or O -i O -. O -m O -. O -routes O -to O -groups O -of O -volunteers O -and O -its O -effects O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -concentrations O -of O -the O -drug O -were O -estimated O -by O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -, O -in O -a O -smaller O -number O -of O -the O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -striking O -effect O -was O -sedation O -which O -increased O -with O -the O -dose O -, O -2 O -mg O -producing O -deep O -sleep O -although O -the O -subjects O -could O -still O -be O -aroused O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -i O -. O -m O -. O -administration O -were O -apparent O -earlier O -and O -sometimes O -lasted O -longer O -than O -those O -following O -oral O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Dizziness O -was O -less O -marked O -than O -sedation O -, O -but O -increased O -with O -the O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -pain O -on O -i O -. O -m O -. O -injection O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -significantly O -more O -often O -than O -with O -isotonic O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -concentrations O -varied O -with O -dose O -and O -route O -and O -corresponded O -qualitatively O -with O -the O -subjective O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -was O -still O -present O -in O -measurable O -quantities O -after O -24 O -h O -even O -with O -the O -smallest O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -teratogenicity O -of O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -infants O -, O -born O -of O -two O -mothers O -with O -inflammatory O -bowel O -disease O -who O -received O -treatment O -with O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -throughout O -pregnancy O -, O -were O -found O -to O -have O -major O -congenital O -anomalies O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -singleton O -pregnancy O -, O -the O -mother O -had O -ulcerative O -colitis O -, O -and O -the O -infant O -, O -a O -male O -, O -had O -coarctation O -of O -the O -aorta O -and O -a O -ventricular O -septal O -defect O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -twin O -pregnancy O -, O -the O -mother O -had O -Crohn O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -twin O -, O -a O -female O -, O -had O -a O -left O -Potter O -- O -type O -IIa O -polycystic O -kidney O -and O -a O -rudimentary O -left O -uterine O -cornu O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -twin O -, O -a O -male O -, O -had O -some O -features O -of O -Potter O -' O -s O -facies O -, O -hypoplastic O -lungs O -, O -absent O -kidneys O -and O -ureters O -, O -and O -talipes O -equinovarus O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -reports O -to O -the O -contrary O -, O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -may O -be O -teratogenic O -. O - -aps B-category -Thrombotic O -microangiopathy O -and O -renal O -failure O -associated O -with O -antineoplastic O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -patients O -with O -carcinoma O -developed O -thrombotic O -microangiopathy O -( O -characterized O -by O -renal O -insufficiency O -, O -microangiopathic O -hemolytic O -anemia O -, O -and O -usually O -thrombocytopenia O -) O -after O -treatment O -with O -cisplatin B-Chemical -, O -bleomycin B-Chemical -, O -and O -a O -vinca B-Chemical -alkaloid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -One O -patient O -had O -thrombotic O -thrombocytopenic O -purpura O -, O -three O -the O -hemolytic O -- O -uremic O -syndrome O -, O -and O -one O -an O -apparent O -forme O -fruste O -of O -one O -of O -these O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -Histologic O -examination O -of O -the O -renal O -tissue O -showed O -evidence O -of O -intravascular O -coagulation O -, O -primarily O -affecting O -the O -small O -arteries O -, O -arterioles O -, O -and O -glomeruli O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -each O -patient O -was O -tumor O -- O -free O -or O -had O -only O -a O -small O -tumor O -at O -the O -onset O -of O -this O -syndrome O -, O -the O -thrombotic O -microangiopathy O -may O -have O -been O -induced O -by O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Diagnosis O -of O -this O -potentially O -fatal O -complication O -may O -be O -delayed O -or O -missed O -if O -renal O -tissue O -or O -the O -peripheral O -blood O -smear O -is O -not O -examined O -, O -because O -renal O -failure O -may O -be O -ascribed O -to O -cisplatin B-Chemical -nephrotoxicity O -and O -the O -anemia O -and O -thrombocytopenia O -to O -drug O -- O -induced O -bone O -marrow O -suppression O -. O - -aps B-category -International O -mexiletine B-Chemical -and O -placebo O -antiarrhythmic O -coronary O -trial O -: O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -Report O -on O -arrhythmia O -and O -other O -findings O -. O - -aps B-category -Impact O -Research O -Group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antiarrhythmic O -effects O -of O -the O -sustained O -release O -form O -of O -mexiletine B-Chemical -( O -Mexitil B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Perlongets I-Chemical -) O -were O -evaluated O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -placebo O -trial O -in O -630 O -patients O -with O -recent O -documented O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -primary O -response O -variable O -was O -based O -on O -central O -reading O -of O -24 O -hour O -ambulatory O -electrocardiographic O -recordings O -and O -was O -defined O -as O -the O -occurrence O -of O -30 O -or O -more O -single O -premature O -ventricular O -complexes O -in O -any O -two O -consecutive O -30 O -minute O -blocks O -or O -one O -or O -more O -runs O -of O -two O -or O -more O -premature O -ventricular O -complexes O -in O -the O -entire O -24 O -hour O -electrocardiographic O -recording O -. O - -aps B-category -Large O -differences O -, O -regarded O -as O -statistically O -significant O -, O -between O -the O -mexiletine B-Chemical -and O -placebo O -groups O -were O -noted O -in O -that O -end O -point O -at O -months O -1 O -and O -4 O -, O -but O -only O -trends O -were O -observed O -at O -month O -12 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -differences O -were O -observed O -even O -though O -the O -serum O -mexiletine B-Chemical -levels O -obtained O -in O -this O -study O -were O -generally O -lower O -than O -those O -observed O -in O -studies O -that O -have O -used O -the O -regular O -form O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -more O -deaths O -in O -the O -mexiletine B-Chemical -group O -( O -7 O -. O -6 O -% O -) O -than O -in O -the O -placebo O -group O -( O -4 O -. O -8 O -% O -) O -; O -the O -difference O -was O -not O -statistically O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -coronary O -events O -was O -similar O -in O -both O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Previously O -recognized O -side O -effects O -, O -particularly O -tremor O -and O -gastrointestinal O -problems O -, O -were O -more O -frequent O -in O -the O -mexiletine B-Chemical -group O -than O -in O -the O -placebo O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -heart O -size O -during O -long O -- O -term O -timolol B-Chemical -treatment O -after O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -long O -- O -term O -timolol B-Chemical -treatment O -on O -heart O -size O -after O -myocardial O -infarction O -was O -evaluated O -by O -X O -- O -ray O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -including O -241 O -patients O -( O -placebo O -126 O -, O -timolol B-Chemical -115 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -follow O -- O -up O -period O -was O -12 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -timolol B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -showed O -a O -small O -but O -significant O -increase O -in O -heart O -size O -from O -baseline O -in O -contrast O -to O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -placebo O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -differences O -may O -be O -caused O -by O -timolol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -bradycardia O -and O -a O -compensatory O -increase O -in O -end O -- O -diastolic O -volume O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -timolol B-Chemical -- O -related O -increase O -in O -heart O -size O -was O -observed O -only O -in O -patients O -with O -normal O -and O -borderline O -heart O -size O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -with O -cardiomegaly O -, O -the O -increase O -in O -heart O -size O -was O -similar O -in O -both O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -re O -- O -infarction O -, O -heart O -size O -increased O -in O -the O -placebo O -group O -and O -remained O -unchanged O -in O -the O -timolol B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Vitamin B-Chemical -D3 I-Chemical -toxicity O -in O -dairy O -cows O -. O - -aps B-category -Large O -parenteral O -doses O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -D3 I-Chemical -( O -15 O -to O -17 O -. O -5 O -x O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -IU O -vitamin B-Chemical -D3 I-Chemical -) O -were O -associated O -with O -prolonged O -hypercalcemia O -, O -hyperphosphatemia O -, O -and O -large O -increases O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -D3 I-Chemical -and O -its O -metabolites O -in O -the O -blood O -plasma O -of O -nonlactating O -nonpregnant O -and O -pregnant O -Jersey O -cows O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -1 O -day O -postpartum O -were O -higher O -in O -cows O -treated O -with O -vitamin B-Chemical -D3 I-Chemical -about O -32 O -days O -prepartum O -( O -8 O -. O -8 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -ml O -) O -than O -in O -control O -cows O -( O -5 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -cows O -treated O -with O -vitamin B-Chemical -D3 I-Chemical -showed O -signs O -of O -milk O -fever O -during O -the O -peripartal O -period O -; O -however O -, O -22 O -% O -of O -the O -control O -cows O -developed O -clinical O -signs O -of O -milk O -fever O -during O -this O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Signs O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -D3 I-Chemical -toxicity O -were O -not O -observed O -in O -nonlactating O -nonpregnant O -cows O -; O -however O -, O -pregnant O -cows O -commonly O -developed O -severe O -signs O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -D3 I-Chemical -toxicity O -and O -10 O -of O -17 O -cows O -died O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -widespread O -metastatic O -calcification O -in O -the O -cows O -that O -died O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -the O -extreme O -toxicity O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -D3 I-Chemical -in O -pregnant O -Jersey O -cows O -and O -the O -low O -margin O -of O -safety O -between O -doses O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -D3 I-Chemical -that O -prevent O -milk O -fever O -and O -doses O -that O -induce O -milk O -fever O -, O -we O -concluded O -that O -vitamin B-Chemical -D3 I-Chemical -cannot O -be O -used O -practically O -to O -prevent O -milk O -fever O -when O -injected O -several O -weeks O -prepartum O -. O - -aps B-category -Diseases O -of O -peripheral O -nerves O -as O -seen O -in O -the O -Nigerian O -African O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anatomical O -and O -aetiological O -diagnoses O -of O -peripheral O -nerve O -disease O -excluding O -its O -primary O -benign O -and O -malignant O -disorders O -, O -as O -seen O -in O -358 O -Nigerians O -are O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -a O -male O -preponderance O -and O -the O -peak O -incidence O -is O -in O -the O -fourth O -decade O -. O - -aps B-category -Sensori O -- O -motor O -neuropathy O -was O -the O -commonest O -presentation O -( O -50 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Guillain O -- O -Barr O -syndrome O -was O -the O -commonest O -identifiable O -cause O -( O -15 O -. O -6 O -% O -) O -, O -accounting O -for O -half O -of O -the O -cases O -with O -motor O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Peripheral O -neuropathy O -due O -to O -nutritional O -deficiency O -of O -thiamine B-Chemical -and O -riboflavin B-Chemical -was O -common O -( O -10 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -and O -presented O -mainly O -as O -sensory O -and O -sensori O -- O -motor O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Diabetes O -mellitus O -was O -the O -major O -cause O -of O -autonomic O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoniazid B-Chemical -was O -the O -most O -frequent O -agent O -in O -drug O -- O -induced O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Migraine O -( O -20 O -% O -) O -was O -not O -an O -uncommon O -cause O -of O -cranial O -neuropathy O -although O -malignancies O -arising O -from O -the O -reticuloendothelial O -system O -or O -related O -structures O -of O -the O -head O -and O -neck O -were O -more O -frequent O -( O -26 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -26 O -. O -5 O -% O -of O -all O -the O -cases O -, O -the O -aetiology O -of O -the O -neuropathy O -was O -undetermined O -. O - -aps B-category -Heredofamilial O -and O -connective O -tissue O -disorders O -were O -rare O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -of O -the O -factors O -related O -to O -the O -clinical O -presentation O -and O -pathogenesis O -of O -the O -neuropathies O -are O -briefly O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -in O -caffeine B-Chemical -toxicity O -by O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -patient O -who O -allegedly O -consumed O -100 O -tablets O -of O -an O -over O -- O -the O -- O -counter O -analgesic O -containing O -sodium B-Chemical -acetylsalicylate I-Chemical -, O -caffeine B-Chemical -, O -and O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -displayed O -no O -significant O -CNS O -stimulation O -despite O -the O -presence O -of O -175 O -micrograms O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -per O -mL O -of O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -salicylates O -have O -been O -reported O -to O -augment O -the O -stimulatory O -effects O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -on O -the O -CNS O -, O -attention O -was O -focused O -on O -the O -possibility O -that O -the O -presence O -of O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -( O -52 O -micrograms O -/ O -mL O -) O -reduced O -the O -CNS O -toxicity O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -in O -DBA O -/ O -2J O -mice O -showed O -that O -: O -1 O -) O -pretreatment O -with O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -( O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -increased O -the O -interval O -between O -the O -administration O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -( O -300 O -to O -450 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -IP O -) O -and O -the O -onset O -of O -fatal O -convulsions O -by O -a O -factor O -of O -about O -two O -; O -and O -2 O -) O -pretreatment O -with O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -( O -75 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -reduced O -the O -incidence O -of O -audiogenic O -seizures O -produced O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -( O -12 O -. O -5 O -to O -75 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -IP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -frequency O -of O -sound O -- O -induced O -seizures O -after O -12 O -. O -5 O -or O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -caffeine B-Chemical -was O -reduced O -from O -50 O -to O -5 O -% O -by O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -, O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -( O -up O -to O -300 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -did O -not O -modify O -the O -seizures O -induced O -by O -maximal O -electroshock O -and O -did O -not O -alter O -the O -convulsant O -dose O -of O -pentylenetetrezol B-Chemical -in O -mice O -( O -tests O -performed O -by O -the O -Anticonvulsant O -Screening O -Project O -of O -NINCDS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetaminophen B-Chemical -( O -up O -to O -150 O -micrograms O -/ O -mL O -) O -did O -not O -retard O -the O -incorporation O -of O -radioactive O -adenosine B-Chemical -into O -ATP B-Chemical -in O -slices O -of O -rat O -cerebral O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -the O -mechanism O -by O -which O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -antagonizes O -the O -actions O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -in O -the O -CNS O -remains O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -of O -the O -efficacy O -and O -safety O -of O -dothiepin B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -major O -depressive O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -6 O -- O -week O -double O -- O -blind O -parallel O -treatment O -study O -, O -dothiepin B-Chemical -and O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -were O -compared O -to O -placebo O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -33 O -depressed O -outpatients O -. O - -aps B-category -Dothiepin B-Chemical -and O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -were O -equally O -effective O -in O -alleviating O -the O -symptoms O -of O -depressive O -illness O -, O -and O -both O -were O -significantly O -superior O -to O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -overall O -incidence O -of O -side O -effects O -and O -the O -frequency O -and O -severity O -of O -blurred O -vision O -, O -dry O -mouth O -, O -and O -drowsiness O -were O -significantly O -less O -with O -dothiepin B-Chemical -than O -with O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dothiepin B-Chemical -also O -produced O -fewer O -CNS O -and O -cardiovascular O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -clinically O -important O -changes O -in O -laboratory O -parameters O -. O - -aps B-category -Dothiepin B-Chemical -thus O -was O -found O -to O -be O -an O -effective O -antidepressant B-Chemical -drug O -associated O -with O -fewer O -side O -effects O -than O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -depressed O -outpatients O -. O - -aps B-category -Behavioral O -effects O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -panic O -disorder O -and O -agoraphobia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -oral O -doses O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -single O -dose O -of O -10 O -mg O -and O -a O -median O -dose O -of O -30 O -mg O -/ O -day O -for O -2 O -weeks O -) O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -single O -dose O -of O -80 O -mg O -and O -a O -median O -dose O -of O -240 O -mg O -/ O -day O -for O -2 O -weeks O -) O -on O -psychological O -performance O -of O -patients O -with O -panic O -disorders O -and O -agoraphobia O -were O -investigated O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -randomized O -and O -crossover O -design O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -drugs O -impaired O -immediate O -free O -recall O -but O -the O -decrease O -was O -greater O -for O -diazepam B-Chemical -than O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Delayed O -free O -recall O -was O -also O -impaired O -but O -the O -two O -drugs O -did O -not O -differ O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -tapped O -faster O -after O -propranolol B-Chemical -than O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -they O -were O -more O -sedated O -after O -diazepam B-Chemical -than O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -2 O -weeks O -of O -treatment O -, O -patients O -tested O -5 O -- O -8 O -h O -after O -the O -last O -dose O -of O -medication O -did O -not O -show O -any O -decrement O -of O -performance O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -are O -similar O -to O -those O -previously O -found O -in O -healthy O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Accumulation O -of O -drugs O -was O -not O -reflected O -in O -prolonged O -behavioral O -impairment O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -i O -. O -v O -. O -glycopyrrolate B-Chemical -and O -atropine B-Chemical -in O -the O -prevention O -of O -bradycardia O -and O -arrhythmias O -following O -repeated O -doses O -of O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -in O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effectiveness O -of O -administration O -of O -glycopyrrolate B-Chemical -5 O -and O -10 O -micrograms O -kg O -- O -1 O -and O -atropine B-Chemical -10 O -and O -20 O -micrograms O -kg O -- O -1 O -i O -. O -v O -. O -immediately O -before O -the O -induction O -of O -anaesthesia O -, O -to O -prevent O -arrhythmia O -and O -bradycardia O -following O -repeated O -doses O -of O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -in O -children O -, O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -control O -group O -was O -included O -for O -comparison O -with O -the O -lower O -dose O -range O -of O -glycopyrrolate B-Chemical -and O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -frequency O -of O -bradycardia O -of O -50 O -% O -was O -noted O -in O -the O -control O -group O -, O -but O -this O -was O -not O -significantly O -different O -from O -the O -frequency O -with O -the O -active O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Bradycardia O -( O -defined O -as O -a O -decrease O -in O -heart O -rate O -to O -less O -than O -50 O -beat O -min O -- O -1 O -) O -was O -prevented O -when O -the O -larger O -dose O -of O -either O -active O -drug O -was O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -recommended O -that O -either O -glycopyrrolate B-Chemical -10 O -micrograms O -kg O -- O -1 O -or O -atropine B-Chemical -20 O -micrograms O -kg O -- O -1 O -i O -. O -v O -. O -should O -immediately O -precede O -induction O -of O -anaesthesia O -, O -in O -children O -, O -if O -the O -repeated O -administration O -of O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -is O -anticipated O -. O - -aps B-category -Veno O -- O -occlusive O -liver O -disease O -after O -dacarbazine B-Chemical -therapy O -( O -DTIC B-Chemical -) O -for O -melanoma O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -veno O -- O -occlusive O -disease O -of O -the O -liver O -with O -fatal O -outcome O -after O -dacarbazine B-Chemical -( O -DTIC B-Chemical -) O -therapy O -for O -melanoma O -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -fulminant O -clinical O -course O -from O -start O -of O -symptoms O -until O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -autopsy O -the O -liver O -was O -enlarged O -and O -firm O -with O -signs O -of O -venous O -congestion O -. O - -aps B-category -Small O -- O -and O -medium O -- O -sized O -hepatic O -veins O -were O -blocked O -by O -thrombosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Eosinophilic O -infiltrations O -were O -found O -around O -the O -vessels O -. O - -aps B-category -Published O -cases O -from O -the O -literature O -are O -reviewed O -and O -pertinent O -features O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Maternal O -lithium B-Chemical -and O -neonatal O -Ebstein O -' O -s O -anomaly O -: O -evaluation O -with O -cross O -- O -sectional O -echocardiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Cross O -- O -sectional O -echocardiography O -was O -used O -to O -evaluate O -two O -neonates O -whose O -mothers O -ingested O -lithium B-Chemical -during O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -one O -infant O -, O -Ebstein O -' O -s O -anomaly O -of O -the O -tricuspid O -valve O -was O -identified O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -other O -infant O -cross O -- O -sectional O -echocardiography O -provided O -reassurance O -that O -the O -infant O -did O -not O -have O -Ebstein O -' O -s O -anomaly O -. O - -aps B-category -Cross O -- O -sectional O -echocardiographic O -screening O -of O -newborns O -exposed O -to O -lithium B-Chemical -during O -gestation O -can O -provide O -highly O -accurate O -, O -noninvasive O -assessment O -of O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiac O -malformations O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -training O -on O -the O -extent O -of O -experimental O -myocardial O -infarction O -in O -aging O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -exercise O -on O -the O -severity O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -infarction O -were O -studied O -in O -female O -albino O -rats O -of O -20 O -, O -40 O -, O -60 O -and O -80 O -weeks O -of O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rats O -were O -trained O -to O -swim O -for O -a O -specific O -duration O -and O -for O -a O -particular O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -occurrence O -of O -infarcts O -were O -confirmed O -by O -histological O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -Elevations O -in O -the O -serum O -GOT O -and O -GPT O -were O -maximum O -in O -the O -sedentary O -- O -isoproterenols B-Chemical -and O -minimum O -in O -the O -exercise O -- O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -in O -the O -serum O -transaminases O -were O -associated O -with O -corresponding O -depletions O -in O -the O -cardiac O -GOT O -and O -GPT O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -age O -was O -seen O -to O -interfere O -with O -the O -responses O -exhibited O -by O -the O -young O -and O -old O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -dealing O -with O -myocardial O -infarction O -are O -more O -informative O -when O -dealt O -with O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -400 I-Chemical -on O -adriamycin B-Chemical -toxicity O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -a O -widely O -used O -organic O -solvent O -, O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -400 I-Chemical -( O -PEG B-Chemical -400 I-Chemical -) O -, O -on O -the O -toxic O -action O -of O -an O -acute O -or O -chronic O -treatment O -with O -adriamycin B-Chemical -( O -ADR B-Chemical -) O -was O -evaluated O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -PEG B-Chemical -400 I-Chemical -impressively O -decreased O -both O -acute O -high O -- O -dose O -and O -chronic O -low O -- O -dose O -- O -ADR B-Chemical -- O -associated O -lethality O -. O - -aps B-category -Light O -microscopic O -analysis O -showed O -a O -significant O -protection O -against O -ADR B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiac O -morphological O -alterations O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -treatment O -did O -not O -diminish O -the O -ADR B-Chemical -antitumor O -activity O -in O -L1210 O -leukemia O -and O -in O -Ehrlich O -ascites O -tumor O -. O - -aps B-category -Sublingual O -absorption O -of O -the O -quaternary B-Chemical -ammonium I-Chemical -antiarrhythmic O -agent O -, O -UM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -272 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -UM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -272 I-Chemical -( O -N B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dimethylpropranolol I-Chemical -) O -, O -a O -quaternary O -antiarrhythmic O -agent O -, O -was O -administered O -sublingually O -to O -dogs O -with O -ouabain B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ventricular O -tachycardias O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -anti O -- O -arrhythmic O -efficacy O -and O -bioavailability O -were O -compared O -to O -oral O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Sublingual O -UM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -272 I-Chemical -converted O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -to O -sinus O -rhythm O -in O -all O -5 O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -area O -under O -the O -plasma O -concentration O -time O -curve O -at O -90 O -min O -was O -4 O -- O -12 O -times O -greater O -than O -for O -oral O -drug O -, O -suggesting O -the O -existence O -of O -an O -absorption O -- O -limiting O -process O -in O -the O -intestine O -, O -and O -providing O -an O -alternate O -form O -of O -administration O -for O -quaternary O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Early O -adjuvant O -adriamycin B-Chemical -in O -superficial O -bladder O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -multicenter O -study O -was O -performed O -in O -110 O -patients O -with O -superficial O -transitional O -cell O -carcinoma O -of O -the O -bladder O -. O - -aps B-category -Adriamycin B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -50 O -ml O -) O -was O -administered O -intravesically O -within O -24 O -h O -after O -transurethral O -resection O -of O -TA O -- O -T1 O -( O -O O -- O -A O -) O -bladder O -tumors O -. O - -aps B-category -Instillation O -was O -repeated O -twice O -during O -the O -first O -week O -, O -then O -weekly O -during O -the O -first O -month O -and O -afterwards O -monthly O -for O -1 O -year O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tolerance O -was O -evaluated O -in O -these O -110 O -patients O -, O -and O -29 O -patients O -presented O -with O -local O -side O -- O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -24 O -of O -these O -patients O -chemical O -cystitis O -was O -severe O -enough O -for O -them O -to O -drop O -out O -of O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -systemic O -side O -- O -effects O -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Recurrence O -was O -studied O -in O -82 O -evaluable O -patients O -after O -1 O -year O -of O -follow O -- O -up O -and O -in O -72 O -patients O -followed O -for O -2 O -- O -3 O -years O -( O -mean O -32 O -months O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -82 O -patients O -studied O -after O -1 O -year O -, O -23 O -had O -primary O -and O -59 O -recurrent O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -82 O -evaluable O -patients O -, O -50 O -did O -not O -show O -any O -recurrence O -after O -1 O -year O -( O -61 O -% O -) O -, O -while O -32 O -presented O -with O -one O -or O -more O -recurrences O -( O -39 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -these O -recurrences O -, O -27 O -were O -T1 O -tumors O -while O -five O -progressed O -to O -more O -highly O -invasive O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -that O -were O -free O -of O -recurrence O -during O -the O -first O -year O -, O -80 O -% O -remained O -tumor O -- O -free O -during O -the O -2 O -- O -to O -3 O -- O -year O -follow O -- O -up O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -patients O -developing O -one O -or O -more O -recurrences O -during O -the O -first O -year O -, O -only O -50 O -% O -presented O -with O -further O -recurrence O -once O -the O -instillations O -were O -stopped O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -beneficial O -effect O -of O -Adriamycin B-Chemical -appears O -obvious O -and O -might O -be O -related O -to O -the O -drug O -itself O -, O -the O -early O -and O -repeated O -instillations O -after O -TUR O -, O -or O -both O -. O - -aps B-category -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -- O -induced O -angiopathy O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -high O -dose O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -treatment O -on O -aortic O -permeability O -to O -albumin O -and O -on O -the O -ultrastructure O -of O -the O -vessel O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -were O -treated O -with O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -( O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pen I-Chemical -) O -500 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -for O -10 O -or O -42 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Pair O -fed O -rats O -served O -as O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -aortic O -morphology O -were O -examined O -by O -light O -- O -and O -transmission O -- O -electron O -microscopy O -( O -TEM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -endothelial O -permeability O -and O -the O -penetration O -through O -the O -aortic O -wall O -of O -albumin O -were O -studied O -10 O -minutes O -, O -24 O -and O -48 O -hours O -after O -i O -. O -v O -. O -injection O -of O -human O -serum O -131I O -- O -albumin O -( O -131I O -- O -HSA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -TEM O -revealed O -extensive O -elastolysis O -in O -the O -arterial O -wall O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pen I-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -, O -consistent O -with O -an O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -crosslink O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -experimental O -animals O -excess O -deposition O -of O -collagen O -and O -glycoaminoglycans O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -subendothelial O -and O -medial O -layer O -of O -the O -aortic O -wall O -, O -together O -with O -prominent O -basal O -membrane O -substance O -around O -aortic O -smooth O -muscle O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aorta O -/ O -serum O -- O -ratio O -and O -the O -radioactive O -build O -- O -up O -24 O -and O -48 O -hours O -after O -injection O -of O -131I O -- O -HSA O -was O -reduced O -in O -animals O -treated O -with O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pen I-Chemical -for O -42 O -days O -, O -indicating O -an O -impeded O -transmural O -transport O -of O -tracer O -which O -may O -be O -caused O -by O -a O -steric O -exclusion O -effect O -of O -abundant O -hyaluronate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -endothelial O -ultrastructure O -was O -unaffected O -by O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pen I-Chemical -, O -and O -no O -differences O -in O -aortic O -131I O -- O -HSA O -radioactivity O -or O -aorta O -/ O -serum O -- O -ratio O -were O -recorded O -between O -experimental O -and O -control O -groups O -10 O -minutes O -after O -tracer O -injection O -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -permeability O -of O -the O -endothelial O -barrier O -to O -albumin O -remained O -unaffected O -by O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pen I-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -support O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -treatment O -with O -high O -doses O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pen I-Chemical -may O -induce O -a O -fibroproliferative O -response O -in O -rat O -aorta O -, O -possibly O -by O -an O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -the O -cross O -- O -linking O -of O -collagen O -and O -elastin O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -on O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -furyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thiazolyl I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -formamide I-Chemical -- O -induced O -epithelial O -proliferation O -in O -the O -urinary O -bladder O -and O -forestomach O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -co O -- O -administration O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -with O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -furyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thiazolyl I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -formamide I-Chemical -( O -FANFT B-Chemical -) O -to O -rats O -resulted O -in O -a O -reduced O -incidence O -of O -FANFT B-Chemical -- O -induced O -bladder O -carcinomas O -but O -a O -concomitant O -induction O -of O -forestomach O -tumors O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -autoradiographic O -study O -was O -performed O -on O -male O -F O -- O -344 O -rats O -fed O -diet O -containing O -FANFT B-Chemical -at O -a O -level O -of O -0 O -. O -2 O -% O -and O -/ O -or O -aspirin B-Chemical -at O -a O -level O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -to O -evaluate O -the O -effect O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -on O -the O -increased O -cell O -proliferation O -induced O -by O -FANFT B-Chemical -in O -the O -forestomach O -and O -bladder O -. O - -aps B-category -FANFT B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cell O -proliferation O -in O -the O -bladder O -was O -significantly O -suppressed O -by O -aspirin B-Chemical -co O -- O -administration O -after O -4 O -weeks O -but O -not O -after O -12 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -forestomach O -, O -and O -also O -in O -the O -liver O -, O -aspirin B-Chemical -did O -not O -affect O -the O -FANFT B-Chemical -- O -induced O -increase O -in O -labeling O -index O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -results O -are O -consistent O -with O -the O -carcinogenicity O -experiment O -suggesting O -that O -different O -mechanisms O -are O -involved O -in O -FANFT B-Chemical -carcinogenesis O -in O -the O -bladder O -and O -forestomach O -, O -and O -that O -aspirin B-Chemical -' O -s O -effect O -on O -FANFT B-Chemical -in O -the O -forestomach O -is O -not O -due O -to O -an O -irritant O -effect O -associated O -with O -increased O -cell O -proliferation O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -there O -appears O -to O -be O -an O -adaptation O -by O -the O -rats O -to O -the O -chronic O -ingestion O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -caused O -by O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Abnormal O -involuntary O -movements O -appeared O -in O -the O -mouth O -, O -tongue O -, O -neck O -and O -abdomen O -of O -a O -64 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -male O -patient O -after O -he O -took O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -for O -gastrointestinal O -disorder O -in O -a O -regimen O -of O -30 O -mg O -per O -day O -for O -a O -total O -of O -about O -260 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -symptoms O -exacerbated O -to O -a O -maximum O -in O -a O -month O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -administration O -was O -discontinued O -, O -the O -abnormal O -movements O -gradually O -improved O -to O -a O -considerable O -extent O -. O - -aps B-category -Attention O -to O -the O -possible O -induction O -of O -specific O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -is O -called O -for O -in O -the O -use O -of O -this O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Intra O -- O -arterial O -BCNU B-Chemical -chemotherapy O -for O -treatment O -of O -malignant O -gliomas O -of O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -the O -rapid O -systemic O -clearance O -of O -BCNU B-Chemical -( O -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bis I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloroethyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrosourea I-Chemical -) O -, O -intra O -- O -arterial O -administration O -should O -provide O -a O -substantial O -advantage O -over O -intravenous O -administration O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -malignant O -gliomas O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -six O -patients O -were O -treated O -with O -BCNU B-Chemical -every O -6 O -to O -8 O -weeks O -, O -either O -by O -transfemoral O -catheterization O -of O -the O -internal O -carotid O -or O -vertebral O -artery O -or O -through O -a O -fully O -implantable O -intracarotid O -drug O -delivery O -system O -, O -beginning O -with O -a O -dose O -of O -200 O -mg O -/ O -sq O -m O -body O -surface O -area O -. O - -aps B-category -Twelve O -patients O -with O -Grade O -III O -or O -IV O -astrocytomas O -were O -treated O -after O -partial O -resection O -of O -the O -tumor O -without O -prior O -radiation O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -two O -to O -seven O -cycles O -of O -chemotherapy O -, O -nine O -patients O -showed O -a O -decrease O -in O -tumor O -size O -and O -surrounding O -edema O -on O -contrast O -- O -enhanced O -computerized O -tomography O -scans O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -nine O -responders O -, O -median O -duration O -of O -chemotherapy O -response O -from O -the O -time O -of O -operation O -was O -25 O -weeks O -( O -range O -12 O -to O -more O -than O -91 O -weeks O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -median O -duration O -of O -survival O -in O -the O -12 O -patients O -was O -54 O -weeks O -( O -range O -21 O -to O -more O -than O -156 O -weeks O -) O -, O -with O -an O -18 O -- O -month O -survival O -rate O -of O -42 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -four O -patients O -with O -recurrent O -Grade O -I O -to O -IV O -astrocytomas O -, O -whose O -resection O -and O -irradiation O -therapy O -had O -failed O -, O -received O -two O -to O -eight O -courses O -of O -intra O -- O -arterial O -BCNU B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Seventeen O -of O -these O -had O -a O -response O -or O -were O -stable O -for O -a O -median O -of O -20 O -weeks O -( O -range O -6 O -to O -more O -than O -66 O -weeks O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -catheterization O -procedure O -is O -safe O -, O -with O -no O -immediate O -complication O -in O -111 O -infusions O -of O -BCNU B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -delayed O -complication O -in O -nine O -patients O -has O -been O -unilateral O -loss O -of O -vision O -secondary O -to O -a O -retinal O -vasculitis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -frequency O -of O -visual O -loss O -decreased O -after O -the O -concentration O -of O -the O -ethanol B-Chemical -diluent O -was O -lowered O -. O - -aps B-category -Provocation O -of O -postural O -hypotension O -by O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -in O -diabetic O -autonomic O -neuropathy O -? O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -on O -heart O -rate O -and O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -was O -compared O -in O -5 O -normal O -subjects O -, O -12 O -diabetic O -subjects O -without O -autonomic O -neuropathy O -, O -and O -5 O -diabetic O -subjects O -with O -autonomic O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -magnitude O -and O -time O -course O -of O -the O -increase O -in O -heart O -rate O -and O -the O -decrease O -in O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -after O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -were O -similar O -in O -the O -normal O -and O -diabetic O -subjects O -without O -autonomic O -neuropathy O -, O -whereas O -a O -lesser O -increase O -in O -heart O -rate O -and O -a O -greater O -decrease O -in O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -occurred O -in O -the O -diabetic O -subjects O -with O -autonomic O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -therefore O -suggested O -that O -caution O -should O -be O -exercised O -when O -prescribing O -vasodilator O -drugs O -in O -diabetic O -patients O -, O -particularly O -those O -with O -autonomic O -neuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -pressure O -response O -to O -chronic O -low O -- O -dose O -intrarenal O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -infusion O -in O -conscious O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -solution O -( O -0 O -. O -9 O -% O -) O -or O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -in O -doses O -of O -4 O -, O -12 O -and O -36 O -micrograms O -h O -- O -1 O -kg O -- O -1 O -was O -infused O -for O -five O -consecutive O -days O -, O -either O -intrarenally O -( O -by O -a O -new O -technique O -) O -or O -intravenously O -into O -rats O -with O -one O -kidney O -removed O -. O - -aps B-category -Intrarenal O -infusion O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -caused O -hypertension O -at O -doses O -which O -did O -not O -do O -so O -when O -infused O -intravenously O -. O - -aps B-category -Intrarenal O -compared O -with O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -caused O -higher O -plasma O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -concentrations O -and O -a O -shift O -of O -the O -plasma O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -concentration O -- O -blood O -pressure O -effect O -curve O -towards O -lower O -plasma O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -hypertension O -after O -chronic O -intrarenal O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -infusion O -is O -produced O -by O -relatively O -higher O -levels O -of O -circulating O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -by O -triggering O -of O -an O -additional O -intrarenal O -pressor O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -adenohypophyseal O -tumors O -in O -the O -Fischer O -344 O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Pituitary O -tumors O -were O -induced O -in O -F344 O -female O -rats O -by O -chronic O -treatment O -with O -diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical -( O -DES B-Chemical -, O -8 O -- O -10 O -mg O -) O -implanted O -subcutaneously O -in O -silastic O -capsules O -. O - -aps B-category -Over O -a O -range O -of O -1 O -- O -150 O -days O -of O -DES B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -pairs O -of O -control O -and O -DES B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -were O -sacrificed O -, O -and O -their O -pituitaries O -dissociated O -enzymatically O -into O -single O -- O -cell O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cell O -populations O -were O -examined O -regarding O -total O -cell O -recovery O -correlated O -with O -gland O -weight O -, O -intracellular O -prolactin O -( O -PRL O -) O -content O -and O -subsequent O -release O -in O -primary O -culture O -, O -immunocytochemical O -PRL O -staining O -, O -density O -and O -/ O -or O -size O -alterations O -via O -separation O -on O -Ficoll O -- O -Hypaque O -and O -by O -unit O -gravity O -sedimentation O -, O -and O -cell O -cycle O -analysis O -, O -after O -acriflavine B-Chemical -DNA O -staining O -, O -by O -laser O -flow O -cytometry O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -cell O -yields O -from O -DES B-Chemical -- O -treated O -pituitaries O -increased O -from O -1 O -. O -3 O -times O -control O -yields O -at O -8 O -days O -of O -treatment O -to O -58 O -. O -9 O -times O -control O -values O -by O -day O -150 O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracellular O -PRL O -content O -ranged O -from O -1 O -. O -9 O -to O -9 O -. O -4 O -times O -control O -levels O -, O -and O -PRL O -release O -in O -vitro O -was O -significantly O -and O -consistently O -higher O -than O -controls O -, O -after O -at O -least O -8 O -days O -of O -DES B-Chemical -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -Beyond O -8 O -days O -of O -DES B-Chemical -exposure O -, O -the O -immunochemically O -PRL O -- O -positive O -proportion O -of O -cells O -increased O -to O -over O -50 O -% O -of O -the O -total O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -density O -and O -/ O -or O -size O -and O -PRL O -content O -were O -indicated O -for O -the O -majority O -of O -the O -PRL O -cell O -population O -in O -both O -types O -of O -separation O -protocols O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -these O -effects O -of O -DES B-Chemical -were O -more O -pronounced O -among O -previously O -ovariectomized O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -extend O -the O -findings O -of O -other O -investigators O -, O -further O -establishing O -the O -DES B-Chemical -- O -induced O -tumor O -as O -a O -model O -for O -study O -of O -PRL O -cellular O -control O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Age O -and O -renal O -clearance O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -35 O -patients O -( O -ages O -20 O -to O -86 O -yr O -) O -receiving O -cimetidine B-Chemical -therapeutically O -two O -serum O -samples O -and O -all O -urine O -formed O -in O -the O -interim O -were O -collected O -for O -analysis O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -by O -high O -- O -pressure O -liquid O -chromatography O -and O -for O -creatinine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -clearance O -decreased O -with O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extrapolated O -6 O -- O -hr O -serum O -concentration O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -per O -unit O -dose O -, O -after O -intravenous O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -increased O -with O -age O -of O -the O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ratio O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -clearance O -to O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -( O -Rc O -) O -averaged O -4 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -0 O -, O -indicating O -net O -tubular O -secretion O -for O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rc O -seemed O -to O -be O -independent O -of O -age O -and O -decreased O -with O -increasing O -serum O -concentration O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -that O -secretion O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -is O -a O -saturable O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -only O -one O -case O -of O -dementia O -possibly O -due O -to O -cimetidine B-Chemical -( O -with O -a O -drug O -level O -of O -1 O -. O -9 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -6 O -hr O -after O -a O -dose O -) O -in O -a O -group O -of O -13 O -patients O -without O -liver O -or O -kidney O -disease O -who O -had O -cimetidine B-Chemical -levels O -above O -1 O -. O -25 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -high O -cimetidine B-Chemical -levels O -alone O -do O -not O -always O -induce O -dementia O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -observations O -on O -the O -electrophysiologic O -effects O -of O -oral O -amiodarone B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -is O -presented O -of O -a O -reversible O -intra O -- O -Hisian O -block O -occurring O -under O -amiodarone B-Chemical -treatment O -for O -atrial O -tachycardia O -in O -a O -patient O -without O -clear O -intraventricular O -conduction O -abnormalities O -. O - -aps B-category -His O -bundle O -recordings O -showed O -an O -atrial O -tachycardia O -with O -intermittent O -exit O -block O -and O -greatly O -prolonged O -BH O -and O -HV O -intervals O -( O -40 O -and O -100 O -msec O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -days O -after O -amiodarone B-Chemical -discontinuation O -, O -His O -bundle O -electrograms O -showed O -atrial O -flutter O -without O -intra O -- O -Hisian O -or O -infra O -- O -Hisian O -delay O -. O - -aps B-category -Amiodarone B-Chemical -should O -be O -used O -with O -caution O -during O -long O -- O -term O -oral O -therapy O -in O -patients O -with O -or O -without O -clear O -intraventricular O -conduction O -defects O -. O - -aps B-category -Development O -of O -clear O -cell O -adenocarcinoma O -in O -DES B-Chemical -- O -exposed O -offspring O -under O -observation O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -cases O -of O -clear O -cell O -adenocarcinoma O -of O -the O -vagina O -detected O -at O -follow O -- O -up O -in O -young O -women O -exposed O -in O -utero O -to O -diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -patient O -, O -aged O -23 O -, O -had O -been O -followed O -for O -2 O -years O -before O -carcinoma O -was O -diagnosed O -; O -the O -second O -patient O -, O -aged O -22 O -, O -had O -been O -seen O -on O -a O -regular O -basis O -for O -5 O -years O -, O -8 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -instances O -, O -suspicion O -of O -the O -presence O -of O -carcinoma O -was O -aroused O -by O -the O -palpation O -of O -a O -small O -nodule O -in O -the O -vaginal O -fornix O -. O - -aps B-category -Hysterosalpingography O -was O -performed O -on O -both O -patients O -and O -, O -in O -1 O -instance O -, O -an O -abnormal O -x O -- O -ray O -film O -was O -reflected O -by O -the O -gross O -appearance O -of O -the O -uterine O -cavity O -found O -in O -the O -surgical O -specimen O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurologic O -effects O -of O -subarachnoid O -administration O -of O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloroprocaine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -CE I-Chemical -, O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -, O -and O -low O -pH O -normal O -saline O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -evaluate O -the O -neurologic O -consequences O -of O -deliberate O -subarachnoid O -injection O -of O -large O -volumes O -of O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloroprocaine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -CE I-Chemical -in O -experimental O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -role O -of O -low O -pH O -as O -well O -as O -total O -volume O -as O -potential O -factors O -in O -causing O -neurotoxicity O -was O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -65 O -dogs O -in O -the O -study O -received O -injections O -in O -the O -subarachnoid O -space O -as O -follows O -: O -6 O -to O -8 O -ml O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -( O -N O -= O -15 O -) O -, O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloroprocaine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -CE I-Chemical -( O -N O -= O -20 O -) O -, O -low O -pH O -normal O -saline O -( O -pH O -3 O -. O -0 O -) O -( O -N O -= O -20 O -) O -, O -or O -normal O -saline O -( O -N O -= O -10 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -20 O -animals O -that O -received O -subarachnoid O -injection O -of O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloroprocaine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -CE I-Chemical -seven O -( O -35 O -% O -) O -developed O -hind O -- O -limb O -paralysis O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -animals O -that O -received O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -, O -normal O -saline O -, O -or O -normal O -saline O -titrated O -to O -a O -pH O -3 O -. O -0 O -developed O -hind O -- O -limb O -paralysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -15 O -spinal O -cords O -of O -the O -animals O -that O -received O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloroprocaine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -CE I-Chemical -, O -13 O -showed O -subpial O -necrosis O -; O -the O -nerve O -roots O -and O -subarachnoid O -vessels O -were O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -spinal O -cords O -of O -the O -animals O -that O -received O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -, O -low O -pH O -normal O -saline O -( O -pH O -3 O -. O -0 O -) O -, O -or O -normal O -saline O -did O -not O -show O -abnormal O -findings O -. O - -aps B-category -Procainamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -polymorphous O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -cases O -of O -procainamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -polymorphous O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -are O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -four O -patients O -, O -polymorphous O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -appeared O -after O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -200 O -to O -400 O -mg O -of O -procainamide B-Chemical -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -sustained O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -remaining O -three O -patients O -, O -procainamide B-Chemical -was O -administered O -orally O -for O -treatment O -of O -chronic O -premature O -ventricular O -contractions O -or O -atrial O -flutter O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -patients O -had O -Q O -- O -T O -prolongation O -and O -recurrent O -syncope O -due O -to O -polymorphous O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -four O -patients O -, O -the O -arrhythmia O -was O -rapidly O -diagnosed O -and O -treated O -with O -disappearance O -of O -further O -episodes O -of O -the O -arrhythmia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -two O -patients O -, O -the O -arrhythmia O -degenerated O -into O -irreversible O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -and O -both O -patients O -died O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -seventh O -patient O -, O -a O -permanent O -ventricular O -pacemaker O -was O -inserted O -and O -, O -despite O -continuation O -of O -procainamide B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -polymorphous O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -did O -not O -reoccur O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -seven O -cases O -demonstrate O -that O -procainamide B-Chemical -can O -produce O -an O -acquired O -prolonged O -Q O -- O -T O -syndrome O -with O -polymorphous O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenobarbitone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -enlargement O -of O -the O -liver O -in O -the O -rat O -: O -its O -relationship O -to O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -- O -induced O -cirrhosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -yield O -of O -severe O -cirrhosis O -of O -the O -liver O -( O -defined O -as O -a O -shrunken O -finely O -nodular O -liver O -with O -micronodular O -histology O -, O -ascites O -greater O -than O -30 O -ml O -, O -plasma O -albumin O -less O -than O -2 O -. O -2 O -g O -/ O -dl O -, O -splenomegaly O -2 O -- O -3 O -times O -normal O -, O -and O -testicular O -atrophy O -approximately O -half O -normal O -weight O -) O -after O -12 O -doses O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -given O -intragastrically O -in O -the O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -- O -primed O -rat O -was O -increased O -from O -25 O -% O -to O -56 O -% O -by O -giving O -the O -initial O -" O -calibrating O -" O -dose O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -at O -the O -peak O -of O -the O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -- O -induced O -enlargement O -of O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -this O -point O -it O -was O -assumed O -that O -the O -cytochrome O -P450 O -/ O -CCl4 B-Chemical -toxic O -state O -was O -both O -maximal O -and O -stable O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimal O -rat O -size O -to O -begin O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -was O -determined O -as O -100 O -g O -, O -and O -this O -size O -as O -a O -group O -had O -a O -mean O -maximum O -relative O -liver O -weight O -increase O -47 O -% O -greater O -than O -normal O -rats O -of O -the O -same O -body O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimal O -time O -for O -the O -initial O -dose O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -was O -after O -14 O -days O -on O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Triamterene B-Chemical -nephrolithiasis O -complicating O -dyazide B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -triamterene B-Chemical -nephrolithiasis O -is O -reported O -in O -a O -man O -after O -4 O -years O -of O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triamterene I-Chemical -therapy O -for O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stone O -passed O -spontaneously O -and O -was O -found O -to O -contain O -a O -triamterene B-Chemical -metabolite O -admixed O -with O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -salts I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -affecting O -triamterene B-Chemical -nephrolithiasis O -are O -discussed O -and O -2 O -previously O -reported O -cases O -are O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -Busulfan B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -a O -busulfan B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hemorrhage O -cystitis O -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Spontaneous O -resolution O -occurred O -following O -cessation O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -similarity O -between O -the O -histologic O -appearances O -of O -busulfan B-Chemical -cystitis O -and O -both O -radiation O -and O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cystitis O -is O -discussed O -and O -the O -world O -literature O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -view O -of O -the O -known O -tendency O -of O -busulfan B-Chemical -to O -induce O -cellular O -atypia O -and O -carcinoma O -in O -other O -sites O -, O -periodic O -urinary O -cytology O -is O -suggested O -in O -patients O -on O -long O -- O -term O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Variant O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -in O -desipramine B-Chemical -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -variant O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -induced O -by O -desipramine B-Chemical -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Unusual O -features O -of O -the O -arrhythmia O -are O -repetitive O -group O -beating O -, O -progressive O -shortening O -of O -the O -R O -- O -R O -interval O -, O -progressive O -widening O -of O -the O -QRS O -complex O -with O -eventual O -failure O -of O -intraventricular O -conduction O -, O -and O -changes O -in O -direction O -of O -the O -QRS O -axis O -. O - -aps B-category -Recognition O -of O -variant O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -is O -important O -because O -therapy O -differs O -from O -that O -of O -classic O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -Rebound O -hypertensive O -after O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -prevented O -by O -saralasin B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -the O -renin O -- O -- O -angiotensin B-Chemical -system O -in O -the O -maintenance O -of O -blood O -pressure O -during O -halothane B-Chemical -anesthesia O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -( O -SNP B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -hypotension O -was O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -rats O -received O -halothane B-Chemical -anesthesia O -( O -1 O -MAC O -) O -for O -one O -hour O -, O -followed O -by O -SNP B-Chemical -infusion O -, O -40 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -, O -for O -30 O -min O -, O -followed O -by O -a O -30 O -- O -min O -recovery O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -second O -group O -of O -rats O -was O -treated O -identically O -and O -, O -in O -addition O -, O -received O -an O -infusion O -of O -saralasin B-Chemical -( O -a O -competitive O -inhibitor O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -) O -throughout O -the O -experimental O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -each O -group O -, O -SNP B-Chemical -infusion O -resulted O -in O -an O -initial O -decrease O -in O -blood O -pressure O -from O -86 O -torr O -and O -83 O -torr O -, O -respectively O -, O -to O -48 O -torr O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -SNP B-Chemical -infusion O -the O -control O -animals O -demonstrated O -a O -progressive O -increase O -in O -blood O -pressure O -to O -61 O -torr O -, O -whereas O -the O -saralasin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -animals O -showed O -no O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -discontinuation O -of O -SNP B-Chemical -, O -blood O -pressure O -in O -the O -control O -animals O -rebounded O -to O -94 O -torr O -, O -as O -compared O -with O -78 O -torr O -in O -the O -saralasin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -indicates O -that O -with O -stable O -halothane B-Chemical -anesthesia O -, O -the O -partial O -recovery O -of O -blood O -pressure O -during O -SNP B-Chemical -infusion O -and O -the O -post O -- O -SNP B-Chemical -rebound O -of O -blood O -pressure O -can O -be O -completely O -blocked O -by O -saralasin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -demonstrates O -the O -participation O -of O -the O -renin O -- O -- O -angiotensin B-Chemical -system O -in O -antagonizing O -the O -combined O -hypotensive O -effects O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -and O -SNP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -nephrotoxicity O -of O -tobramycin B-Chemical -and O -gentamicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -prospective O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Nearly O -3 O -. O -2 O -million O -people O -in O -this O -country O -receive O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotics O -annually O -. O - -aps B-category -Gentamicin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -and O -tobramycin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -continue O -to O -demonstrate O -ototoxicity O -and O -nephrotoxicity O -in O -both O -animal O -and O -clinical O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -62 O -patients O -with O -confirmed O -initial O -normal O -renal O -function O -and O -treated O -with O -2 O -to O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -or O -tobramycin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -for O -a O -minimum O -of O -seven O -days O -were O -followed O -up O -prospectively O -for O -the O -development O -of O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -- O -related O -renal O -failure O -, O -defined O -as O -at O -least O -a O -one O -- O -third O -reduction O -in O -renal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -62 O -patients O -, O -no O -other O -causes O -for O -renal O -failure O -could O -be O -identified O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -of O -33 O -( O -15 O -% O -) O -of O -the O -tobramycin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -and O -16 O -of O -29 O -( O -55 O -. O -2 O -% O -) O -of O -the O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -had O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -gentamicin B-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -renal O -failure O -more O -than O -three O -times O -as O -often O -as O -was O -tobramycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -involvement O -in O -adriamycin B-Chemical -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cardiotoxic O -effects O -of O -adriamycin B-Chemical -were O -studied O -in O -mammalian O -myocardial O -cells O -in O -culture O -as O -a O -model O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Adriamycin B-Chemical -inhibited O -cell O -growth O -and O -the O -rhythmic O -contractions O -characteristic O -of O -myocardial O -cells O -in O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -possible O -involvement O -of O -energy O -metabolism O -was O -suggested O -previously O -, O -and O -in O -this O -study O -the O -adenylate O -energy O -charge O -and O -phosphorylcreatine B-Chemical -mole O -fraction O -were O -determined O -in O -the O -adriamycin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adenylate O -energy O -charge O -was O -found O -to O -be O -significantly O -decreased O -, O -while O -the O -phophorylcreatine B-Chemical -mole O -fraction O -was O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -disparity O -suggests O -an O -inhibition O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphokinase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -1 O -mM O -adenosine B-Chemical -to O -the O -myocardial O -cell O -cultures O -markedly O -increases O -the O -ATP B-Chemical -concentration O -through O -a O -pathway O -reportedly O -leading O -to O -a O -compartmentalized O -ATP B-Chemical -pool O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -adriamycin B-Chemical -- O -treated O -cells O -, O -the O -addition O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -increased O -the O -adenylate O -charge O -and O -, O -concomitant O -with O -this O -inrcease O -, O -the O -cells O -' O -functional O -integrity O -, O -in O -terms O -of O -percentage O -of O -beating O -cells O -and O -rate O -of O -contractions O -, O -was O -maintained O -. O - -aps B-category -Age O -- O -dependent O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -rat O -to O -neurotoxic O -effects O -of O -streptomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Streptomycin B-Chemical -sulfate O -( O -300 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -was O -injected O -for O -various O -periods O -into O -preweanling O -rats O -and O -for O -3 O -weeks O -into O -weanling O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Beginning O -at O -8 O -days O -of O -age O -, O -body O -movement O -and O -hearing O -were O -examined O -for O -6 O -and O -up O -to O -17 O -weeks O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Abnormal O -movements O -and O -deafness O -occurred O -only O -in O -rats O -treated O -during O -the O -preweaning O -period O -; O -within O -this O -period O -the O -greatest O -sensitivities O -for O -these O -abnormalities O -occurred O -from O -2 O -to O -11 O -- O -17 O -and O -5 O -to O -11 O -days O -of O -age O -, O -respectively O -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -cochlea O -is O -more O -sensitive O -to O -streptomycin B-Chemical -than O -the O -site O -( O -vestibular O -or O -central O -) O -responsible O -for O -the O -dyskinesias O -. O - -aps B-category -Late O -, O -late O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -toxicity O -is O -a O -major O -complication O -which O -limits O -the O -use O -of O -adriamycin B-Chemical -as O -a O -chemotherapeutic O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiomyopathy O -is O -frequent O -when O -the O -total O -dose O -exceeds O -600 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -and O -occurs O -within O -one O -to O -six O -months O -after O -cessation O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -patient O -is O -reported O -who O -developed O -progressive O -cardiomyopathy O -two O -and O -one O -- O -half O -years O -after O -receiving O -580 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -which O -apparently O -represents O -late O -, O -late O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Attenuation O -of O -the O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -diabetes O -- O -insipidus O -- O -like O -syndrome O -by O -amiloride B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -amiloride B-Chemical -on O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -polydipsia O -and O -polyuria O -and O -on O -the O -lithium B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -plasma O -, O -brain O -, O -kidney O -, O -thyroid O -and O -red O -blood O -cells O -was O -investigated O -in O -rats O -, O -chronically O -treated O -with O -LiCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Amiloride B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -drinking O -and O -urine O -volume O -of O -rats O -in O -an O -acute O -( O -6 O -or O -12 O -h O -) O -and O -a O -subacute O -( O -3 O -days O -) O -experiment O -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -h O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -amiloride B-Chemical -, O -a O -reduction O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -lithium B-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -renal O -medulla O -but O -not O -in O -the O -other O -organs O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -12 O -h O -, O -all O -the O -tissues O -showed O -a O -slight O -increase O -in O -lithium B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -3 O -days O -of O -combined O -treatment O -, O -a O -marked O -elevation O -in O -plasma O -and O -tissue O -lithium B-Chemical -levels O -accompanied O -a O -reduction O -in O -water O -intake O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -the O -experiments O -, O -the O -attenuation O -of O -the O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -diabetes O -- O -insipidus O -- O -like O -syndrome O -by O -amiloride B-Chemical -was O -accompanied O -by O -a O -reduction O -of O -the O -ratio O -between O -the O -lithium B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -renal O -medulla O -and O -its O -levels O -in O -the O -blood O -and O -an O -elevation O -in O -the O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -acute O -amiloride B-Chemical -administration O -to O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -treated O -patients O -suffering O -from O -polydipsia O -and O -polyuria O -might O -relieve O -these O -patients O -but O -prolonged O -amiloride B-Chemical -supplementation O -would O -result O -in O -elevated O -lithium B-Chemical -levels O -and O -might O -be O -hazardous O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiovascular O -complications O -associated O -with O -terbutaline B-Chemical -treatment O -for O -preterm O -labor O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -cardiovascular O -complications O -occurred O -in O -eight O -of O -160 O -patients O -treated O -with O -terbutaline B-Chemical -for O -preterm O -labor O -. O - -aps B-category -Associated O -corticosteroid O -therapy O -and O -twin O -gestations O -appear O -to O -be O -predisposing O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -Potential O -mechanisms O -of O -the O -pathophysiology O -are O -briefly O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxic O -hepatitis O -induced O -by O -antithyroid O -drugs O -: O -four O -cases O -including O -one O -with O -cross O -- O -reactivity O -between O -carbimazole B-Chemical -and O -benzylthiouracil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -This O -study O -was O -conducted O -to O -assess O -the O -occurrence O -of O -hepatic O -adverse O -effects O -encountered O -with O -antithyroid O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Retrospective O -review O -of O -medical O -records O -of O -236 O -patients O -with O -hyperthyroidism O -admitted O -in O -our O -department O -( O -in O -- O -or O -out O -- O -patients O -) O -from O -1986 O -to O -1992 O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Four O -patients O -( O -1 O -. O -7 O -% O -) O -were O -identified O -with O -toxic O -hepatitis O -which O -could O -reasonably O -be O -attributed O -to O -the O -use O -of O -antithyroid O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -had O -a O -cholestatic O -hepatitis O -induced O -by O -carbimazole B-Chemical -( O -N B-Chemical -omercazole I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -others O -had O -a O -mixed O -( O -cholestatic O -and O -cytolytic O -) O -hepatitis O -following O -carbimazole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -the O -latter O -two O -patients O -further O -experienced O -a O -cytolytic O -hepatitis O -which O -appeared O -after O -Benzylthiouracil B-Chemical -( O -Basd B-Chemical -ne I-Chemical -) O -had O -replaced O -carbimazole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Biological O -features O -of O -hepatitis O -disappeared O -in O -all O -cases O -after O -cessation O -of O -the O -incriminated O -drug O -, O -while O -biliary O -, O -viral O -and O -immunological O -searches O -were O -negative O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -2 O -patients O -of O -our O -retrospective O -study O -experienced O -a O -mild O -or O -severe O -neutropenia O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -Toxic O -hepatitis O -is O -a O -potential O -adverse O -effect O -of O -antithyroid O -drugs O -which O -warrants O -, O -as O -for O -haematological O -disturbances O -, O -a O -pre O -- O -therapeutic O -determination O -and O -a O -careful O -follow O -- O -up O -of O -relevant O -biological O -markers O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -hepatotoxicity O -may O -not O -be O -restricted O -to O -one O -class O -of O -antithyroid O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Interactive O -effects O -of O -variations O -in O -[ O -Na B-Chemical -] O -o O -and O -[ O -Ca B-Chemical -] O -o O -on O -rat O -atrial O -spontaneous O -frequency O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -varying O -the O -extracellular O -concentrations O -of O -Na B-Chemical -and O -Ca B-Chemical -( O -[ O -Na B-Chemical -] O -o O -and O -[ O -Ca B-Chemical -] O -o O -) O -on O -both O -, O -the O -spontaneous O -beating O -and O -the O -negative O -chronotropic O -action O -of O -verapamil B-Chemical -, O -were O -studied O -in O -the O -isolated O -rat O -atria O -. O - -aps B-category -Basal O -frequency O -( O -BF O -) O -evaluated O -by O -surface O -electrogram O -was O -223 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -beats O -/ O -min O -. O -in O -control O -Krebs O -- O -Ringer O -containing O -137 O -mM O -Na B-Chemical -and O -1 O -. O -35 O -mM O -Ca B-Chemical -( O -N O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -decreased O -by O -16 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -% O -by O -lowering O -[ O -Na B-Chemical -] O -o O -to O -78 O -mM O -( O -LNa O -) O -, O -23 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -% O -by O -lowering O -simultaneously O -[ O -Na B-Chemical -] O -o O -to O -78 O -mM O -and O -[ O -Ca B-Chemical -] O -o O -to O -0 O -. O -675 O -mM O -( O -LNa O -+ O -LCa O -) O -and O -31 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -% O -by O -lowering O -[ O -Na B-Chemical -] O -o O -to O -78 O -mM O -plus O -increasing O -[ O -Ca B-Chemical -] O -o O -to O -3 O -. O -6 O -mM O -( O -LNa O -+ O -HCa O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -normal O -[ O -Na B-Chemical -] O -o O -, O -decrease O -( O -0 O -. O -675 O -mM O -) O -or O -increase O -( O -3 O -. O -6 O -mM O -) O -of O -[ O -Ca B-Chemical -] O -o O -did O -not O -modify O -BF O -; O -a O -reduction O -of O -ten O -times O -( O -0 O -. O -135 O -mM O -of O -normal O -[ O -Ca B-Chemical -] O -o O -was O -effective O -to O -reduce O -BF O -by O -40 O -+ O -/ O -- O -13 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -negative O -chronotropic O -effects O -were O -BF O -- O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -Dose O -- O -dependent O -bradycardia O -induced O -by O -verapamil B-Chemical -was O -potentiated O -by O -LNa O -, O -LCa O -, O -and O -HCa O -. O - -aps B-category -Independent O -but O -not O -additive O -effects O -of O -Na B-Chemical -and O -Ca B-Chemical -are O -shown O -by O -decreases O -in O -the O -values O -of O -[ O -verapamil B-Chemical -] O -o O -needed O -to O -reduce O -BF O -by O -30 O -% O -( O -IC30 O -) O -with O -the O -following O -order O -of O -inhibitory O -potency O -: O -LNa O -> O -LCa O -> O -HCa O -> O -N O -, O -resulting O -LNa O -+ O -HCa O -similar O -to O -LNa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -[ O -verapamil B-Chemical -] O -o O -that O -arrested O -atrial O -beating O -( O -AC O -) O -was O -also O -potentiated O -with O -the O -order O -LNa O -= O -LNa O -+ O -LCa O -= O -LNa O -+ O -HCa O -= O -LCa O -> O -HCa O -= O -N O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -rat O -atrial O -spontaneous O -beating O -is O -more O -dependent O -on O -[ O -Na B-Chemical -] O -o O -than O -on O -[ O -Ca B-Chemical -] O -o O -in O -a O -range O -of O -+ O -/ O -- O -50 O -% O -of O -their O -normal O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -the O -enhancement O -of O -verapamil B-Chemical -effects O -on O -atrial O -beating O -was O -more O -pronounced O -at O -LNa O -than O -at O -LCa O -. O -( O -ABSTRACT O -TRUNCATED O -AT O -250 O -WORDS O -) O - -aps B-category -Pseudo O -- O -allergic O -reactions O -to O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -: O -diagnosis O -and O -alternatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -treated O -with O -parenteral O -paramethasone B-Chemical -( O -Triniol O -) O -and O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -( O -Sedionbel O -) O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -few O -minutes O -after O -administration O -of O -the O -drugs O -, O -they O -presented O -urticaria O -( O -patients O -1 O -and O -2 O -) O -and O -conjunctivitis O -( O -patient O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -our O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -the O -cause O -of O -the O -patients O -' O -reactions O -, O -the O -immunological O -mechanisms O -involved O -and O -whether O -these O -patients O -would O -be O -able O -to O -tolerate O -any O -kind O -of O -corticoid O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -examinations O -and O -skin O -, O -oral O -and O -parenteral O -challenges O -with O -different O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -and O -ELISA O -tests O -were O -performed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -two O -patients O -, O -skin O -and O -ELISA O -tests O -with O -paramethasone B-Chemical -were O -negative O -, O -as O -was O -the O -prick O -test O -with O -each O -of O -its O -excipients O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -- O -blind O -parenteral O -challenge O -with O -Triniol O -was O -positive O -in O -both O -patients O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -1 O -ml O -of O -the O -drug O -, O -and O -negative O -with O -its O -excipients O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -also O -carried O -out O -oral O -and O -parenteral O -challenges O -with O -other O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -and O -found O -intolerance O -to O -some O -of O -them O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -paramethasone B-Chemical -caused O -pseudoallergic O -reactions O -in O -our O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Corticosteroids O -different O -from O -paramethasone B-Chemical -also O -produced O -hypersensitivity O -reactions O -in O -these O -patients O -; O -however O -, O -a O -few O -of O -them O -were O -tolerated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -basic O -mechanisms O -of O -those O -reactions O -are O -not O -yet O -fully O -understood O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -our O -knowledge O -, O -this O -is O -the O -first O -report O -of O -a O -pseudo O -- O -allergy O -caused O -by O -paramethasone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Study O -of O -the O -role O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -and O -folinic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -supplementation O -in O -preventing O -hematologic O -toxicity O -of O -zidovudine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -prospective O -, O -randomized O -study O -was O -conducted O -to O -evaluate O -the O -role O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -and O -folinic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -supplementation O -in O -preventing O -zidovudine B-Chemical -( O -ZDV B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -bone O -marrow O -suppression O -. O - -aps B-category -Seventy O -- O -five O -human O -immunodeficiency O -virus O -( O -HIV O -) O -- O -infected O -patients O -with O -CD4 O -+ O -cell O -counts O -< O -500 O -/ O -mm3 O -were O -randomized O -to O -receive O -either O -ZDV B-Chemical -( O -500 O -mg O -daily O -) O -alone O -( O -group O -I O -, O -n O -= O -38 O -) O -or O -in O -combination O -with O -folinic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -15 O -mg O -daily O -) O -and O -intramascular O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -( O -1000 O -micrograms O -monthly O -) O -( O -group O -II O -, O -n O -= O -37 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -15 O -patients O -were O -excluded O -from O -the O -study O -( O -noncompliance O -14 O -, O -death O -1 O -) O -; O -thus O -, O -60 O -patients O -( O -31 O -in O -group O -I O -and O -29 O -in O -group O -II O -) O -were O -eligible O -for O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -differences O -between O -groups O -were O -found O -at O -enrollment O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -study O -, O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -and O -folate B-Chemical -levels O -were O -significantly O -higher O -in O -group O -II O -patients O -; O -however O -, O -no O -differences O -in O -hemoglobin O -, O -hematocrit O -, O -mean O -corpuscular O -volume O -, O -and O -white O -- O -cell O -, O -neutrophil O -and O -platelet O -counts O -were O -observed O -between O -groups O -at O -3 O -, O -6 O -, O -9 O -and O -12 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -hematologic O -toxicity O -( O -neutrophil O -count O -< O -1000 O -/ O -mm3 O -and O -/ O -or O -hemoglobin O -< O -8 O -g O -/ O -dl O -) O -occurred O -in O -4 O -patients O -assigned O -to O -group O -I O -and O -7 O -assigned O -to O -group O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -correlation O -between O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -or O -folate B-Chemical -levels O -and O -development O -of O -myelosuppression O -. O - -aps B-category -Vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -and O -folinic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -supplementation O -of O -ZDV B-Chemical -therapy O -does O -not O -seem O -useful O -in O -preventing O -or O -reducing O -ZDV B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myelotoxicity O -in O -the O -overall O -treated O -population O -, O -although O -a O -beneficial O -effect O -in O -certain O -subgroups O -of O -patients O -cannot O -be O -excluded O -. O - -aps B-category -Safety O -and O -side O -- O -effects O -of O -alprazolam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Controlled O -study O -in O -agoraphobia O -with O -panic O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -The O -widespread O -use O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -has O -led O -to O -increasing O -recognition O -of O -their O -unwanted O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -efficacy O -of O -alprazolam B-Chemical -and O -placebo O -in O -panic O -disorder O -with O -agoraphobia O -, O -and O -the O -side O -- O -effect O -and O -adverse O -effect O -profiles O -of O -both O -drug O -groups O -were O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -In O -London O -and O -Toronto O -154 O -patients O -who O -met O -DSM O -- O -III O -criteria O -for O -panic O -disorder O -with O -agoraphobia O -were O -randomised O -to O -alprazolam B-Chemical -or O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Subjects O -in O -each O -drug O -group O -also O -received O -either O -exposure O -or O -relaxation O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -was O -from O -weeks O -0 O -to O -8 O -and O -was O -then O -tapered O -from O -weeks O -8 O -to O -16 O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Mean O -alprazolam B-Chemical -dose O -was O -5 O -mg O -daily O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -with O -placebo O -subjects O -, O -alprazolam B-Chemical -patients O -developed O -more O -adverse O -reactions O -( O -21 O -% O -v O -. O -0 O -% O -) O -of O -depression O -, O -enuresis O -, O -disinhibition O -and O -aggression O -; O -and O -more O -side O -- O -effects O -, O -particularly O -sedation O -, O -irritability O -, O -impaired O -memory O -, O -weight O -loss O -and O -ataxia O -. O - -aps B-category -Side O -- O -effects O -tended O -to O -diminish O -during O -treatment O -but O -remained O -significant O -at O -week O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -this O -, O -the O -drop O -- O -out O -rate O -was O -low O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Alprazolam B-Chemical -caused O -side O -- O -effects O -and O -adverse O -effects O -during O -treatment O -but O -many O -patients O -were O -willing O -to O -accept O -these O -. O - -aps B-category -Crescentic O -fibrillary O -glomerulonephritis O -associated O -with O -intermittent O -rifampin B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -pulmonary O -tuberculosis O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -study O -reveals O -an O -unusual O -finding O -of O -rapidly O -proliferative O -crescentic O -glomerulonephritis O -in O -a O -patient O -treated O -with O -rifampin B-Chemical -who O -had O -no O -other O -identifiable O -causes O -for O -developing O -this O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -patient O -underwent O -a O -10 O -- O -month O -regimen O -of O -rifampin B-Chemical -and O -isoniazid B-Chemical -for O -pulmonary O -tuberculosis O -and O -was O -discovered O -to O -have O -developed O -signs O -of O -severe O -renal O -failure O -five O -weeks O -after O -completion O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -biopsy O -revealed O -severe O -glomerulonephritis O -with O -crescents O -, O -electron O -dense O -fibrillar O -deposits O -and O -moderate O -lymphocytic O -interstitial O -infiltrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -possible O -causes O -of O -rapidly O -progressive O -glomerulonephritis O -were O -investigated O -and O -ruled O -out O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -report O -documents O -the O -unusual O -occurrence O -of O -rapidly O -progressive O -glomerulonephritis O -with O -crescents O -and O -fibrillar O -glomerulonephritis O -in O -a O -patient O -treated O -with O -rifampin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -confusion O -induced O -by O -a O -high O -- O -dose O -infusion O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -and O -folinic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -61 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -was O -treated O -with O -combination O -chemotherapy O -incorporating O -cisplatinum B-Chemical -, O -etoposide B-Chemical -, O -high O -- O -dose O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -( O -2 O -, O -250 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -/ O -24 O -hours O -) O -and O -folinic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -for O -an O -inoperable O -gastric O -adenocarcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -developed O -acute O -neurologic O -symptoms O -of O -mental O -confusion O -, O -disorientation O -and O -irritability O -, O -and O -then O -lapsed O -into O -a O -deep O -coma O -, O -lasting O -for O -approximately O -40 O -hours O -during O -the O -first O -dose O -( O -day O -2 O -) O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -and O -folinic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -complication O -reappeared O -on O -day O -25 O -during O -the O -second O -dose O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -and O -folinic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -which O -were O -then O -the O -only O -drugs O -given O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -folinic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -unlikely O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -this O -condition O -, O -neurotoxicity O -due O -to O -high O -- O -dose O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -was O -highly O -suspected O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pathogenesis O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -neurotoxicity O -may O -be O -due O -to O -a O -Krebs O -cycle O -blockade O -by O -fluoroacetate B-Chemical -and O -fluorocitrate B-Chemical -, O -thiamine B-Chemical -deficiency O -, O -or O -dihydrouracil B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -- O -dose O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -/ O -folinic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -infusion O -therapy O -has O -recently O -become O -a O -popular O -regimen O -for O -various O -cancers O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -necessary O -that O -both O -oncologists O -and O -neurologists O -be O -fully O -aware O -of O -this O -unusual O -complication O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -switching O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -to O -oxcarbazepine B-Chemical -on O -the O -plasma O -levels O -of O -neuroleptics O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbamazepine B-Chemical -was O -switched O -to O -its O -10 O -- O -keto O -analogue O -oxcarbazepine B-Chemical -among O -six O -difficult O -- O -to O -- O -treat O -schizophrenic O -or O -organic O -psychotic O -patients O -using O -concomitantly O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -or O -clozapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -change O -resulted O -within O -2 O -- O -4 O -weeks O -in O -the O -50 O -- O -200 O -% O -increase O -in O -the O -plasma O -levels O -of O -these O -neuroleptics O -and O -the O -appearance O -of O -extrapyramidal O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -patients O -showed O -any O -clinical O -deteriotation O -during O -the O -following O -3 O -- O -6 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -this O -case O -report O -support O -the O -idea O -that O -in O -contrast O -with O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -oxcarbazepine B-Chemical -does O -not O -induce O -the O -hepatic O -microsomal O -enzyme O -systems O -regulating O -the O -inactivation O -of O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Time O -course O -of O -lipid O -peroxidation O -in O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Reactive O -oxygen B-Chemical -species O -have O -been O -implicated O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -acute O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -( O -PAN B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -nephropathy O -, O -with O -antioxidants O -significantly O -reducing O -the O -proteinuria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -temporal O -relationship O -between O -lipid O -peroxidation O -in O -the O -kidney O -and O -proteinuria O -was O -examined O -in O -this O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -were O -treated O -with O -a O -single O -IV O -injection O -of O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -, O -( O -PAN B-Chemical -, O -7 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -24 O -hour O -urine O -samples O -were O -obtained O -prior O -to O -sacrifice O -on O -days O -3 O -, O -5 O -, O -7 O -, O -10 O -, O -17 O -, O -27 O -, O -41 O -( O -N O -= O -5 O -- O -10 O -per O -group O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kidneys O -were O -removed O -, O -flushed O -with O -ice O -cold O -TRIS O -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -Kidney O -cortices O -from O -each O -animal O -were O -used O -to O -prepare O -homogenates O -. O - -aps B-category -Tissue O -lipid O -peroxidation O -was O -measured O -in O -whole O -homogenates O -as O -well O -as O -in O -lipid O -extracts O -from O -homogenates O -as O -thiobarbituric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -reactive O -substances O -. O - -aps B-category -Proteinuria O -was O -evident O -at O -day O -5 O -, O -peaked O -at O -day O -7 O -and O -persisted O -to O -day O -27 O -. O - -aps B-category -Lipid O -peroxidation O -in O -homogenates O -was O -maximal O -at O -day O -3 O -and O -declined O -rapidly O -to O -control O -levels O -by O -day O -17 O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -supports O -the O -role O -of O -lipid O -peroxidation O -in O -mediating O -the O -proteinuric O -injury O -in O -PAN B-Chemical -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Composition O -of O -gall O -bladder O -stones O -associated O -with O -octreotide B-Chemical -: O -response O -to O -oral O -ursodeoxycholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Octreotide B-Chemical -, O -an O -effective O -treatment O -for O -acromegaly O -, O -induces O -gall O -bladder O -stones O -in O -13 O -- O -60 O -% O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -knowledge O -of O -stone O -composition O -is O -essential O -for O -studies O -of O -their O -pathogenesis O -, O -treatment O -, O -and O -prevention O -, O -this O -was O -investigated O -by O -direct O -and O -indirect O -methods O -in O -14 O -octreotide B-Chemical -treated O -acromegalic O -patients O -with O -gall O -stones O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemical O -analysis O -of O -gall O -stones O -retrieved O -at O -cholecystectomy O -from O -two O -patients O -, O -showed O -that O -they O -contained O -71 O -% O -and O -87 O -% O -cholesterol B-Chemical -by O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -remaining O -12 O -patients O -, O -localised O -computed O -tomography O -of O -the O -gall O -bladder O -showed O -that O -eight O -had O -stones O -with O -maximum O -attenuation O -scores O -of O -< O -100 O -Hounsfield O -units O -( O -values O -of O -< O -100 O -HU O -predict O -cholesterol B-Chemical -rich O -, O -dissolvable O -stones O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Gall O -bladder O -bile O -was O -obtained O -by O -ultrasound O -guided O -, O -fine O -needle O -puncture O -from O -six O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -six O -patients O -had O -supersaturated O -bile O -( O -mean O -( O -SEM O -) O -cholesterol B-Chemical -saturation O -index O -of O -1 O -. O -19 O -( O -0 O -. O -08 O -) O -( O -range O -1 O -. O -01 O -- O -1 O -. O -53 O -) O -) O -and O -all O -had O -abnormally O -rapid O -cholesterol B-Chemical -microcrystal O -nucleation O -times O -( O -< O -4 O -days O -( O -range O -1 O -- O -4 O -) O -) O -, O -whilst O -in O -four O -, O -the O -bile O -contained O -cholesterol B-Chemical -microcrystals O -immediately O -after O -sampling O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -12 O -patients O -considered O -for O -oral O -ursodeoxycholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -UDCA B-Chemical -) O -treatment O -, O -two O -had O -a O -blocked O -cystic O -duct O -and O -were O -not O -started O -on O -UDCA B-Chemical -while O -one O -was O -lost O -to O -follow O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -one O -year O -of O -treatment O -, O -five O -of O -the O -remaining O -nine O -patients O -showed O -either O -partial O -( O -n O -= O -3 O -) O -or O -complete O -( O -n O -= O -2 O -) O -gall O -stone O -dissolution O -, O -suggesting O -that O -their O -stones O -were O -cholesterol B-Chemical -rich O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -corresponds O -, O -by O -actuarial O -( O -life O -table O -) O -analysis O -, O -to O -a O -combined O -gall O -stone O -dissolution O -rate O -of O -58 O -. O -3 O -( O -15 O -. O -9 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -octreotide B-Chemical -induced O -gall O -stones O -are O -generally O -small O -, O -multiple O -, O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -rich O -although O -, O -in O -common O -with O -spontaneous O -gall O -stone O -disease O -, O -at O -presentation O -some O -patients O -will O -have O -a O -blocked O -cystic O -duct O -and O -some O -gall O -stones O -containing O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Erythema O -multiforme O -and O -hypersensitivity O -myocarditis O -caused O -by O -ampicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -report O -a O -case O -of O -erythema O -multiforme O -and O -hypersensitivity O -myocarditis O -caused O -by O -ampicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -SUMMARY O -: O -A O -13 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -boy O -was O -treated O -with O -ampicillin B-Chemical -and O -gentamicin B-Chemical -because O -of O -suspected O -septicemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Medications O -were O -discontinued O -when O -erythema O -multiforme O -and O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -caused O -by O -myocarditis O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -was O -treated O -with O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -and O -gradually O -improved O -. O - -aps B-category -Macrophage O -- O -migration O -inhibition O -( O -MIF O -) O -test O -with O -ampicillin B-Chemical -was O -positive O -. O - -aps B-category -DISCUSSION O -: O -After O -most O -infections O -causing O -erythema O -multiforme O -and O -myocarditis O -were O -ruled O -out O -, O -a O -drug O -- O -induced O -allergic O -reaction O -was O -suspected O -. O - -aps B-category -Positive O -MIF O -test O -for O -ampicillin B-Chemical -showed O -sensitization O -of O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -lymphocytes O -to O -ampicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Hypersensitivity O -myocarditis O -is O -a O -rare O -and O -dangerous O -manifestation O -of O -allergy O -to O -penicillins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clomipramine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -sleep O -disturbance O -does O -not O -impair O -its O -prolactin O -- O -releasing O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -undertaken O -to O -examine O -the O -role O -of O -sleep O -disturbance O -, O -induced O -by O -clomipramine B-Chemical -administration O -, O -on O -the O -secretory O -rate O -of O -prolactin O -( O -PRL O -) O -in O -addition O -to O -the O -direct O -drug O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -groups O -of O -supine O -subjects O -were O -studied O -under O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -conditions O -, O -one O -during O -the O -night O -, O -when O -sleeping O -( O -n O -= O -7 O -) O -and O -the O -other O -at O -daytime O -, O -when O -awake O -( O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -subject O -received O -a O -single O -50 O -mg O -dose O -of O -clomipramine B-Chemical -given O -orally O -2 O -hours O -before O -blood O -collection O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -PRL O -concentrations O -were O -analysed O -at O -10 O -min O -intervals O -and O -underlying O -secretory O -rates O -calculated O -by O -a O -deconvolution O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -both O -experiments O -the O -drug O -intake O -led O -to O -significant O -increases O -in O -PRL O -secretion O -, O -acting O -preferentially O -on O -tonic O -secretion O -as O -pulse O -amplitude O -and O -frequency O -did O -not O -differ O -significantly O -from O -corresponding O -control O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -night O -clomipramine B-Chemical -ingestion O -altered O -the O -complete O -sleep O -architecture O -in O -that O -it O -suppressed O -REM O -sleep O -and O -the O -sleep O -cycles O -and O -induced O -increased O -wakefulness O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -the O -relative O -increase O -in O -PRL O -secretion O -expressed O -as O -a O -percentage O -of O -the O -mean O -did O -not O -significantly O -differ O -between O -the O -night O -and O -day O -time O -studies O -( O -46 O -+ O -/ O -- O -19 O -% O -vs O -34 O -+ O -/ O -- O -10 O -% O -) O -, O -it O -can O -be O -concluded O -that O -the O -observed O -sleep O -disturbance O -did O -not O -interfere O -with O -the O -drug O -action O -per O -se O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -REM O -sleep O -was O -shown O -not O -to O -be O -a O -determining O -factor O -either O -for O -secretory O -pulse O -amplitude O -and O -frequency O -, O -as O -, O -for O -both O -, O -mean O -nocturnal O -values O -were O -similar O -with O -and O -without O -prior O -clomipramine B-Chemical -ingestion O -. O - -aps B-category -Survey O -of O -complications O -of O -indocyanine B-Chemical -green I-Chemical -angiography O -in O -Japan O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -We O -evaluated O -the O -safety O -of O -indocyanine B-Chemical -green I-Chemical -for O -use O -in O -fundus O -angiography O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -sent O -a O -questionnaire O -concerning O -complications O -of O -indocyanine B-Chemical -green I-Chemical -to O -32 O -institutions O -in O -Japan O -, O -which O -were O -selected O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -client O -list O -from O -the O -Topcon O -Company O -, O -which O -manufactures O -the O -indocyanine B-Chemical -green I-Chemical -fundus O -camera O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Ophthalmologists O -at O -15 O -institutions O -responded O -, O -reporting O -a O -total O -of O -3 O -, O -774 O -indocyanine B-Chemical -green I-Chemical -angiograms O -performed O -on O -2 O -, O -820 O -patients O -between O -June O -1984 O -and O -September O -1992 O -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -angiography O -, O -intradermal O -or O -intravenous O -indocyanine B-Chemical -green I-Chemical -testing O -, O -or O -both O -was O -performed O -at O -13 O -of O -15 O -institutions O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -three O -patients O -, O -the O -decision O -was O -made O -not O -to O -proceed O -with O -angiography O -after O -positive O -preangiographic O -testing O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dosage O -of O -indocyanine B-Chemical -green I-Chemical -used O -for O -angiography O -varied O -from O -25 O -to O -75 O -mg O -, O -depending O -upon O -the O -institution O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -13 O -cases O -of O -adverse O -reactions O -( O -0 O -. O -34 O -% O -) O -, O -ten O -of O -which O -were O -mild O -reactions O -such O -as O -nausea O -, O -exanthema O -, O -urtication O -, O -itchiness O -, O -and O -urgency O -to O -defecate O -, O -and O -did O -not O -require O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -recorded O -were O -one O -case O -of O -pain O -of O -the O -vein O -, O -which O -required O -treatment O -, O -and O -two O -cases O -of O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -hypotensive O -patients O -required O -treatment O -for O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -A O -comparison O -of O -frequency O -of O -adverse O -reactions O -to O -indocyanine B-Chemical -green I-Chemical -with O -the O -previously O -reported O -frequency O -of O -such O -reactions O -to O -fluorescein B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -indicated O -that O -indocyanine B-Chemical -green I-Chemical -is O -a O -safe O -as O -fluorescein B-Chemical -for O -use O -in O -angiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Angioedema O -following O -the O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -72 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -was O -admitted O -to O -the O -hospital O -with O -" O -flash O -" O -pulmonary O -edema O -, O -preceded O -by O -chest O -pain O -, O -requiring O -intubation O -. O - -aps B-category -Her O -medical O -history O -included O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -with O -previous O -myocardial O -infarctions O -, O -hypertension O -, O -and O -diabetes O -mellitus O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -history O -of O -angioedema O -secondary O -to O -lisinopril B-Chemical -therapy O -was O -elicited O -. O - -aps B-category -Current O -medications O -did O -not O -include O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- O -converting O -enzyme O -inhibitors O -or O -beta O -- O -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -had O -no O -previous O -beta O -- O -blocking O -drug O -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -first O -day O -of O -hospitalization O -( O -while O -intubated O -) O -, O -intravenous O -metoprolol B-Chemical -was O -given O -, O -resulting O -in O -severe O -angioedema O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -angioedema O -resolved O -after O -therapy O -with O -intravenous O -steroids B-Chemical -and O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -coniine B-Chemical -on O -the O -developing O -chick O -embryo O -. O - -aps B-category -Coniine B-Chemical -, O -an O -alkaloid O -from O -Conium O -maculatum O -( O -poison O -hemlock O -) O -, O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -teratogenic O -in O -livestock O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -teratogenic O -outcome O -is O -arthrogryposis O -, O -presumably O -due O -to O -nicotinic O -receptor O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -coniine B-Chemical -has O -failed O -to O -produce O -arthrogryposis O -in O -rats O -or O -mice O -and O -is O -only O -weakly O -teratogenic O -in O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -evaluate O -and O -compare O -the O -effects O -of O -coniine B-Chemical -and O -nicotine B-Chemical -in O -the O -developing O -chick O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentrations O -of O -coniine B-Chemical -and O -nicotine B-Chemical -sulfate O -were O -0 O -. O -015 O -% O -, O -0 O -. O -03 O -% O -, O -0 O -. O -075 O -% O -, O -0 O -. O -15 O -% O -, O -0 O -. O -75 O -% O -, O -1 O -. O -5 O -% O -, O -3 O -% O -, O -and O -6 O -% O -and O -1 O -% O -, O -5 O -% O -, O -and O -10 O -% O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -compounds O -caused O -deformations O -and O -lethality O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -concentrations O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -sulfate O -caused O -some O -lethality O -but O -a O -no O -effect O -level O -for O -coniine B-Chemical -lethality O -was O -0 O -. O -75 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -deformations O -caused O -by O -both O -coniine B-Chemical -and O -nicotine B-Chemical -sulfate O -were O -excessive O -flexion O -or O -extension O -of O -one O -or O -more O -toes O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -histopathological O -alterations O -or O -differences O -in O -bone O -formation O -were O -seen O -in O -the O -limbs O -or O -toes O -of O -any O -chicks O -from O -any O -group O -; O -however O -, O -extensive O -cranial O -hemorrhage O -occurred O -in O -all O -nicotine B-Chemical -sulfate O -- O -treated O -chicks O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -statistically O -significant O -( O -P O -< O -or O -= O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -decrease O -in O -movement O -in O -coniine B-Chemical -and O -nicotine B-Chemical -sulfate O -treated O -chicks O -as O -determined O -by O -ultrasound O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -chicks O -were O -in O -motion O -an O -average O -of O -33 O -. O -67 O -% O -of O -the O -time O -, O -while O -coniine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -chicks O -were O -only O -moving O -8 O -. O -95 O -% O -of O -a O -5 O -- O -min O -interval O -, O -and O -no O -movement O -was O -observed O -for O -nicotine B-Chemical -sulfate O -treated O -chicks O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -summary O -, O -the O -chick O -embryo O -provides O -a O -reliable O -and O -simple O -experimental O -animal O -model O -of O -coniine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -arthrogryposis O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -from O -this O -model O -support O -a O -mechanism O -involving O -nicotinic O -receptor O -blockade O -with O -subsequent O -decreased O -fetal O -movement O -. O - -aps B-category -Immediate O -allergic O -reactions O -to O -amoxicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -large O -group O -of O -patients O -with O -suspected O -allergic O -reactions O -to O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotics O -was O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -detailed O -clinical O -history O -, O -together O -with O -skin O -tests O -, O -RAST O -( O -radioallergosorbent O -test O -) O -, O -and O -controlled O -challenge O -tests O -, O -was O -used O -to O -establish O -whether O -patients O -allergic O -to O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotics O -had O -selective O -immediate O -allergic O -responses O -to O -amoxicillin B-Chemical -( O -AX B-Chemical -) O -or O -were O -cross O -- O -reacting O -with O -other O -penicillin B-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Skin O -tests O -were O -performed O -with O -benzylpenicilloyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -poly I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lysine I-Chemical -( O -BPO B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -PLL I-Chemical -) O -, O -benzylpenicilloate B-Chemical -, O -benzylpenicillin B-Chemical -( O -PG B-Chemical -) O -, O -ampicillin B-Chemical -( O -AMP B-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -AX B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -RAST O -for O -BPO B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -PLL I-Chemical -and O -AX B-Chemical -- O -PLL O -was O -done O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -both O -skin O -test O -and O -RAST O -for O -BPO B-Chemical -were O -negative O -, O -single O -- O -blind O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -challenge O -tests O -were O -done O -to O -ensure O -tolerance O -of O -PG B-Chemical -or O -sensitivity O -to O -AX B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -177 O -patients O -were O -diagnosed O -as O -allergic O -to O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -selected O -the O -54 O -( O -30 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -cases O -of O -immediate O -AX B-Chemical -allergy O -with O -good O -tolerance O -of O -PG B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Anaphylaxis O -was O -seen O -in O -37 O -patients O -( O -69 O -% O -) O -, O -the O -other O -17 O -( O -31 O -% O -) O -having O -urticaria O -and O -/ O -or O -angioedema O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -the O -patients O -were O -skin O -test O -negative O -to O -BPO B-Chemical -; O -49 O -of O -51 O -( O -96 O -% O -) O -were O -also O -negative O -to O -MDM O -, O -and O -44 O -of O -46 O -( O -96 O -% O -) O -to O -PG B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Skin O -tests O -with O -AX B-Chemical -were O -positive O -in O -34 O -( O -63 O -% O -) O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -RAST O -was O -positive O -for O -AX B-Chemical -in O -22 O -patients O -( O -41 O -% O -) O -and O -to O -BPO B-Chemical -in O -just O -5 O -( O -9 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -sera O -with O -negative O -RAST O -for O -AX B-Chemical -were O -positive O -to O -BPO B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Challenge O -tests O -with O -AX B-Chemical -were O -performed O -in O -23 O -subjects O -( O -43 O -% O -) O -to O -establish O -the O -diagnosis O -of O -immediate O -allergic O -reaction O -to O -AX B-Chemical -, O -and O -in O -15 O -cases O -( O -28 O -% O -) O -both O -skin O -test O -and O -RAST O -for O -AX B-Chemical -were O -negative O -. O - -aps B-category -PG B-Chemical -was O -well O -tolerated O -by O -all O -54 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -the O -largest O -group O -of O -AX B-Chemical -- O -allergic O -patients O -who O -have O -tolerated O -PG B-Chemical -reported O -so O -far O -. O - -aps B-category -Diagnosis O -of O -these O -patients O -can O -be O -achieved O -only O -if O -specific O -AX B-Chemical -- O -related O -reagents O -are O -employed O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -studies O -are O -necessary O -to O -determine O -the O -exact O -extent O -of O -this O -problem O -and O -to O -improve O -the O -efficacy O -of O -diagnostic O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversal O -by O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -of O -the O -beneficial O -effects O -of O -intravenous O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -acute O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitroglycerin B-Chemical -has O -been O -shown O -to O -reduce O -ST O -- O -segment O -elevation O -during O -acute O -myocardial O -infarction O -, O -an O -effect O -potentiated O -in O -the O -dog O -by O -agents O -that O -reverse O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -determine O -the O -effects O -of O -combined O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -and O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -patients O -with O -acute O -transmural O -myocardial O -infarctions O -received O -intravenous O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -, O -sufficient O -to O -reduce O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -from O -107 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -to O -85 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -mm O -Hg O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -for O -60 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -Left O -ventricular O -filling O -pressure O -decreased O -from O -19 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -to O -11 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -mm O -Hg O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -SigmaST O -, O -the O -sum O -of O -ST O -- O -segment O -elevations O -in O -16 O -precordial O -leads O -, O -decreased O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -with O -intravenous O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequent O -addition O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -infusion O -, O -sufficient O -to O -re O -- O -elevate O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -to O -106 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -mm O -Hg O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -for O -30 O -minutes O -, O -increased O -left O -ventricular O -filling O -pressure O -to O -17 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -mm O -Hg O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -and O -also O -significantly O -increased O -sigmaST O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -suggest O -that O -addition O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -to O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -is O -not O -beneficial O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -patients O -with O -acute O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetazolamide B-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrolithiasis O -: O -implications O -for O -treatment O -of O -neuromuscular O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbonic O -anhydrase O -inhibitors O -can O -cause O -nephrolithiasis O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -20 O -patients O -receiving O -long O -- O -term O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -inhibitor O -treatment O -for O -periodic O -paralysis O -and O -myotonia O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -patients O -on O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -( O -15 O -% O -) O -developed O -renal O -calculi O -. O - -aps B-category -Extracorporeal O -lithotripsy O -successfully O -removed O -a O -renal O -calculus O -in O -one O -patient O -and O -surgery O -removed O -a O -staghorn O -calculus O -in O -another O -, O -permitting O -continued O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -function O -remained O -normal O -in O -all O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Nephrolithiasis O -is O -a O -complication O -of O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -but O -does O -not O -preclude O -its O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blockers O -on O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -investigate O -the O -influence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blockers O -on O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -each O -of O -the O -three O -tested O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blockers O -( O -diltiazem B-Chemical -, O -verapamil B-Chemical -and O -bepridil B-Chemical -) O -6 O -groups O -of O -mice O -were O -treated O -by O -two O -different O -doses O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -2 O -and O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -i O -. O -p O -. O -, O -or O -an O -equal O -volume O -of O -saline O -for O -the O -control O -group O -( O -n O -= O -20 O -) O -; O -15 O -minutes O -later O -, O -all O -the O -animals O -were O -injected O -with O -a O -single O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -i O -. O -p O -. O -dose O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -convulsant O -activity O -, O -the O -time O -of O -latency O -to O -convulse O -and O -the O -mortality O -rate O -were O -assessed O -in O -each O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -local O -anesthetic O -- O -induced O -mortality O -was O -significantly O -increased O -by O -the O -three O -different O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -convulsant O -activity O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -was O -not O -significantly O -modified O -but O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blockers O -decreased O -the O -time O -of O -latency O -to O -obtain O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -convulsions O -; O -this O -effect O -was O -less O -pronounced O -with O -bepridil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Epidural O -blood O -flow O -during O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -or O -trimethaphan B-Chemical -induced O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -evaluate O -the O -effect O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -( O -PGE1 B-Chemical -) O -or O -trimethaphan B-Chemical -( O -TMP B-Chemical -) O -induced O -hypotension O -on O -epidural O -blood O -flow O -( O -EBF O -) O -during O -spinal O -surgery O -, O -EBF O -was O -measured O -using O -the O -heat O -clearance O -method O -in O -30 O -patients O -who O -underwent O -postero O -- O -lateral O -interbody O -fusion O -under O -isoflurane B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -initial O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -microgram O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -. O -min O -- O -1 O -of O -PGE1 B-Chemical -( O -15 O -patients O -) O -, O -or O -10 O -micrograms O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -. O -min O -- O -1 O -of O -TMP B-Chemical -( O -15 O -patients O -) O -was O -administered O -intravenously O -after O -the O -dural O -opening O -and O -the O -dose O -was O -adjusted O -to O -maintain O -the O -mean O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -( O -MAP O -) O -at O -about O -60 O -mmHg O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypotensive O -drug O -was O -discontinued O -at O -the O -completion O -of O -the O -operative O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -starting O -PGE1 B-Chemical -or O -TMP B-Chemical -, O -MAP O -and O -rate O -pressure O -product O -( O -RPP O -) O -decreased O -significantly O -compared O -with O -preinfusion O -values O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -and O -the O -degree O -of O -hypotension O -due O -to O -PGE1 B-Chemical -remained O -constant O -until O -60 O -min O -after O -its O -discontinuation O -. O - -aps B-category -Heart O -rate O -( O -HR O -) O -did O -not O -change O -in O -either O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -EBFF O -did O -not O -change O -during O -PGE1 B-Chemical -infusion O -whereas O -in O -the O -TMP B-Chemical -group O -, O -EBF O -decreased O -significantly O -at O -30 O -and O -60 O -min O -after O -the O -start O -of O -TMP B-Chemical -( O -preinfusion O -: O -45 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -13 O -. O -9 O -ml O -/ O -100g O -/ O -min O -. O -30 O -min O -: O -32 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -9 O -. O -9 O -ml O -/ O -100 O -g O -/ O -min O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O -60 O -min O -: O -30 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -. O -5 O -ml O -/ O -100 O -g O -/ O -min O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -PGE1 B-Chemical -may O -be O -preferable O -to O -TMP B-Chemical -for O -hypotensive O -anaesthesia O -in O -spinal O -surgery O -because O -TMP B-Chemical -decreased O -EBF O -. O - -aps B-category -Dup B-Chemical -753 I-Chemical -prevents O -the O -development O -of O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -appearance O -of O -nephrotic O -syndromes O -such O -as O -proteinuria O -, O -hypoalbuminemia O -, O -hypercholesterolemia O -and O -increase O -in O -blood B-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -, O -induced O -in O -rats O -by O -injection O -of O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -was O -markedly O -inhibited O -by O -oral O -administration O -of O -Dup B-Chemical -753 I-Chemical -( O -losartan B-Chemical -) O -, O -a O -novel O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -1 O -or O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -a O -possible O -involvement O -of O -the O -renin O -- O -angiotensin B-Chemical -system O -in O -the O -development O -of O -puromycin B-Chemical -aminonucleoside I-Chemical -- O -induced O -nephrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroplasticity O -of O -the O -adult O -primate O -auditory O -cortex O -following O -cochlear O -hearing O -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -Tonotopic O -organization O -is O -an O -essential O -feature O -of O -the O -primary O -auditory O -area O -( O -A1 O -) O -of O -primate O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -A1 O -of O -macaque O -monkeys O -, O -low O -frequencies O -are O -represented O -rostrolaterally O -and O -high O -frequencies O -are O -represented O -caudomedially O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -if O -changes O -occur O -in O -this O -tonotopic O -organization O -following O -cochlear O -hearing O -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -anesthesia O -, O -the O -superior O -temporal O -gyrus O -of O -adult O -macaque O -monkeys O -was O -exposed O -, O -and O -the O -tonotopic O -organization O -of O -A1 O -was O -mapped O -using O -conventional O -microelectrode O -recording O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -recovery O -, O -the O -monkeys O -were O -selectively O -deafened O -for O -high O -frequencies O -using O -kanamycin B-Chemical -and O -furosemide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -actual O -frequencies O -deafened O -were O -determined O -by O -the O -loss O -of O -tone O -- O -burst O -elicited O -auditory O -brainstem O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -months O -after O -deafening O -, O -A1 O -was O -remapped O -. O - -aps B-category -Postmortem O -cytoarchitectural O -features O -identifying O -A1 O -were O -correlated O -with O -the O -electrophysiologic O -data O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -deprived O -area O -of O -A1 O -undergoes O -extensive O -reorganization O -and O -becomes O -responsive O -to O -intact O -cochlear O -frequencies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -region O -of O -cortex O -that O -represents O -the O -low O -frequencies O -was O -not O -obviously O -affected O -by O -the O -cochlear O -hearing O -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -alleviates O -penile O -pain O -induced O -by O -intracavernous O -injections O -for O -erectile O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -an O -attempt O -to O -determine O -whether O -penile O -pain O -associated O -with O -intracorporeal O -injections O -could O -be O -due O -to O -the O -acidity O -of O -the O -medication O -, O -we O -performed O -a O -randomized O -study O -comparing O -the O -incidence O -of O -penile O -pain O -following O -intracorporeal O -injections O -with O -or O -without O -the O -addition O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -to O -the O -intracorporeal O -medications O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -38 O -consecutive O -patients O -who O -presented O -to O -our O -clinic O -with O -impotence O -received O -0 O -. O -2 O -ml O -. O -of O -a O -combination O -of O -3 O -drugs O -: O -6 O -mg O -. O -papaverine B-Chemical -, O -100 O -micrograms O -. O -phentolamine B-Chemical -and O -10 O -micrograms O -. O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -with O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -05 O -) O -or O -without O -( O -pH O -4 O -. O -17 O -) O -the O -addition O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -03 O -mEq O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -19 O -patients O -without O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -added O -to O -the O -medication O -11 O -( O -58 O -% O -) O -complained O -of O -penile O -pain O -due O -to O -the O -medication O -, O -while O -only O -1 O -of O -the O -19 O -men O -( O -5 O -% O -) O -who O -received O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -complained O -of O -penile O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -data O -we O -conclude O -that O -the O -penile O -pain O -following O -intracorporeal O -injections O -is O -most O -likely O -due O -to O -the O -acidity O -of O -the O -medication O -, O -which O -can O -be O -overcome O -by O -elevating O -the O -pH O -to O -a O -neutral O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -and O -toxicity O -of O -didanosine B-Chemical -( O -ddI B-Chemical -) O -in O -HIV O -antibody O -- O -positive O -individuals O -intolerant O -to O -zidovudine B-Chemical -( O -AZT B-Chemical -) O - -aps B-category -One O -hundred O -and O -fifty O -- O -one O -patients O -intolerant O -to O -zidovudine B-Chemical -( O -AZT B-Chemical -) O -received O -didanosine B-Chemical -( O -ddI B-Chemical -) O -to O -a O -maximum O -dose O -of O -12 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -Patient O -response O -was O -assessed O -using O -changes O -in O -CD4 O -+ O -lymphocyte O -subset O -count O -, O -HIV O -p24 O -antigen O -, O -weight O -, O -and O -quality O -of O -life O -. O - -aps B-category -Seventy O -patients O -developed O -major O -opportunistic O -infections O -whilst O -on O -therapy O -; O -this O -was O -the O -first O -AIDS O -diagnosis O -in O -17 O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -minor O -changes O -in O -CD4 O -+ O -lymphocyte O -subset O -count O -were O -observed O -in O -AIDS O -patients O -, O -although O -a O -more O -significant O -rise O -occurred O -in O -those O -with O -earlier O -stages O -of O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -those O -positive O -for O -p24 O -antigen O -at O -the O -commencement O -of O -the O -study O -67 O -% O -showed O -a O -positive O -response O -, O -and O -this O -was O -most O -likely O -in O -those O -with O -CD4 O -+ O -lymphocyte O -subset O -counts O -above O -100 O -mm3 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -positive O -weight O -response O -was O -seen O -in O -16 O -% O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -patients O -showed O -improvement O -in O -individual O -parameters O -and O -global O -score O -of O -quality O -of O -life O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -reactions O -possibly O -attributable O -to O -didanosine B-Chemical -were O -common O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -common O -side O -- O -effect O -was O -diarrhoea O -, O -which O -resulted O -in O -cessation O -of O -therapy O -in O -19 O -individuals O -. O - -aps B-category -Peripheral O -neuropathy O -occurred O -in O -12 O -patients O -and O -pancreatitis O -in O -six O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirteen O -patients O -developed O -a O -raised O -serum O -amylase O -without O -abdominal O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -patients O -developed O -glucose O -tolerance O -curves O -characteristic O -of O -diabetes O -but O -these O -were O -mild O -, O -did O -not O -require O -treatment O -and O -returned O -to O -normal O -on O -ceasing O -didanosine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Immunohistochemical O -studies O -with O -antibodies O -to O -neurofilament O -proteins O -on O -axonal O -damage O -in O -experimental O -focal O -lesions O -in O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunohistochemistry O -with O -monoclonal O -antibodies O -against O -neurofilament O -( O -NF O -) O -proteins O -of O -middle O -and O -high O -molecular O -weight O -class O -, O -NF O -- O -M O -and O -NF O -- O -H O -, O -was O -used O -to O -study O -axonal O -injury O -in O -the O -borderzone O -of O -focal O -lesions O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Focal O -injury O -in O -the O -cortex O -was O -produced O -by O -infusion O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -at O -acid O -pH O -or O -by O -stab O -caused O -by O -needle O -insertion O -. O - -aps B-category -Infarcts O -in O -substantia O -nigra O -pars O -reticulata O -were O -evoked O -by O -prolonged O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -status O -epilepticus O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunohistochemical O -staining O -for O -NFs O -showed O -characteristic O -terminal O -clubs O -of O -axons O -in O -the O -borderzone O -of O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -Differences O -in O -the O -labelling O -pattern O -occurred O -with O -different O -antibodies O -which O -apparently O -depended O -on O -molecular O -weight O -class O -of O -NFs O -and O -phosphorylation O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -immunohistochemical O -changes O -of O -NFs O -can O -serve O -as O -a O -marker O -for O -axonal O -damage O -in O -various O -experimental O -traumatic O -or O -ischemic O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacokinetic O -and O -clinical O -studies O -in O -patients O -with O -cimetidine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -mental O -confusion O -. O - -aps B-category -15 O -cases O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -mental O -confusion O -have O -been O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -that O -this O -syndrome O -might O -be O -investigated O -changes O -in O -mental O -status O -( O -M O -. O -S O -. O -) O -were O -correlated O -with O -serum O -concentrations O -and O -renal O -and O -hepatic O -function O -in O -36 O -patients O -, O -30 O -patients O -had O -no O -M O -. O -S O -. O -change O -on O -cimetidine B-Chemical -and O -6 O -had O -moderate O -to O -severe O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -6 O -patients O -had O -both O -renal O -and O -liver O -dysfunction O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -as O -well O -as O -cimetidine B-Chemical -trough O -- O -concentrations O -of O -more O -than O -1 O -. O -25 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -severity O -of O -M O -. O -S O -. O -changes O -increased O -as O -trough O -- O -concentrations O -rose O -, O -5 O -patients O -had O -lumbar O -puncture O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -: O -serum O -ratio O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -concentrations O -was O -0 O -. O -24 O -: O -1 O -and O -indicates O -that O -cimetidine B-Chemical -passes O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -; O -it O -also O -raises O -the O -possibility O -that O -M O -. O -S O -. O -changes O -are O -due O -to O -blockade O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptors O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -likely O -to O -have O -both O -raised O -trough O -- O -concentrations O -and O -mental O -confusion O -are O -those O -with O -both O -severe O -renal O -and O -hepatic O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -should O -be O -closely O -observed O -and O -should O -be O -given O -reduced O -doses O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Prospective O -study O -of O -the O -long O -- O -term O -effects O -of O -somatostatin O -analog O -( O -octreotide B-Chemical -) O -on O -gallbladder O -function O -and O -gallstone O -formation O -in O -Chinese O -acromegalic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -article O -reports O -the O -changes O -in O -gallbladder O -function O -examined O -by O -ultrasonography O -in O -20 O -Chinese O -patients O -with O -active O -acromegaly O -treated O -with O -sc O -injection O -of O -the O -somatostatin O -analog O -octreotide B-Chemical -in O -dosages O -of O -300 O -- O -1500 O -micrograms O -/ O -day O -for O -a O -mean O -of O -24 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -13 O -. O -9 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -treatment O -with O -octreotide B-Chemical -, O -17 O -patients O -developed O -sludge O -, O -10 O -had O -gallstones O -, O -and O -1 O -developed O -acute O -cholecystitis O -requiring O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -of O -7 O -patients O -examined O -acutely O -, O -gallbladder O -contractility O -was O -inhibited O -after O -a O -single O -100 O -- O -micrograms O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -8 O -patients O -followed O -for O -24 O -weeks O -, O -gallbladder O -contractility O -remained O -depressed O -throughout O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -withdrawal O -of O -octreotide B-Chemical -in O -10 O -patients O -without O -gallstones O -, O -8 O -patients O -assessed O -had O -return O -of O -normal O -gallbladder O -contractility O -within O -1 O -month O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -8 O -of O -the O -remaining O -10 O -patients O -who O -developed O -gallstones O -during O -treatment O -, O -gallbladder O -contractility O -normalized O -in O -5 O -patients O -( O -3 O -of O -whom O -has O -disappearance O -of O -their O -stones O -within O -3 O -weeks O -) O -, O -and O -remained O -depressed O -in O -3 O -( O -2 O -of O -whom O -had O -stones O -present O -at O -6 O -months O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -suppression O -of O -gallbladder O -contractility O -is O -the O -cause O -of O -the O -successive O -formation O -of O -bile O -sludge O -, O -gallstones O -, O -and O -cholecystitis O -during O -octreotide B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -Chinese O -acromegalic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -therefore O -very O -important O -to O -follow O -the O -changes O -of O -gallbladder O -function O -during O -long O -- O -term O -octreotide B-Chemical -therapy O -of O -acromegalic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Increase O -of O -Parkinson O -disability O -after O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -Depression O -is O -a O -major O -clinical O -feature O -of O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -increased O -amount O -of O -motor O -disability O -in O -four O -patients O -with O -idiopathic O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -after O -exposure O -to O -the O -antidepressant B-Chemical -fluoxetine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -of O -a O -clinically O -relevant O -dopamine B-Chemical -- O -antagonistic O -capacity O -of O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -patients O -must O -be O -considered O -. O - -aps B-category -Sinus O -arrest O -associated O -with O -continuous O -- O -infusion O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -intermittent O -intravenous O -infusions O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -is O -infrequently O -associated O -with O -the O -development O -of O -bradyarrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -40 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -with O -leukemia O -and O -no O -history O -of O -cardiac O -disease O -developed O -recurrent O -, O -brief O -episodes O -of O -apparent O -sinus O -arrest O -while O -receiving O -continuous O -- O -infusion O -cimetidine B-Chemical -50 O -mg O -/ O -hour O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -arrhythmias O -were O -temporally O -related O -to O -cimetidine B-Chemical -administration O -, O -disappeared O -after O -dechallenge O -, O -and O -did O -not O -recur O -during O -ranitidine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -the O -first O -reported O -case O -of O -sinus O -arrest O -associated O -with O -continuous O -- O -infusion O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Phase O -II O -trial O -of O -vinorelbine B-Chemical -in O -metastatic O -squamous O -cell O -esophageal O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -European O -Organization O -for O -Research O -and O -Treatment O -of O -Cancer O -Gastrointestinal O -Treat O -Cancer O -Cooperative O -Group O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -To O -evaluate O -the O -response O -rate O -and O -toxic O -effects O -of O -vinorelbine B-Chemical -( O -VNB B-Chemical -) O -administered O -as O -a O -single O -agent O -in O -metastatic O -squamous O -cell O -esophageal O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -PATIENTS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -Forty O -- O -six O -eligible O -patients O -with O -measurable O -lesions O -were O -included O -and O -were O -stratified O -according O -to O -previous O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -patients O -without O -prior O -chemotherapy O -and O -16 O -pretreated O -with O -cisplatin B-Chemical -- O -based O -chemotherapy O -were O -assessable O -for O -toxicity O -and O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -VNB B-Chemical -was O -administered O -weekly O -as O -a O -25 O -- O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -short O -intravenous O -( O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Six O -of O -30 O -patients O -( O -20 O -% O -) O -without O -prior O -chemotherapy O -achieved O -a O -partial O -response O -( O -PR O -) O -( O -95 O -% O -confidence O -interval O -[ O -CI O -] O -, O -8 O -% O -to O -39 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -median O -duration O -of O -response O -was O -21 O -weeks O -( O -range O -, O -17 O -to O -28 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -16 O -patients O -( O -6 O -% O -) O -with O -prior O -chemotherapy O -had O -a O -complete O -response O -( O -CR O -) O -of O -31 O -weeks O -' O -duration O -( O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -0 O -% O -to O -30 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -overall O -response O -rate O -( O -World O -Health O -Organization O -[ O -WHO O -] O -criteria O -) O -was O -15 O -% O -( O -CR O -, O -2 O -% O -; O -PR O -13 O -% O -; O -95 O -% O -CI O -, O -6 O -% O -to O -29 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -median O -dose O -- O -intensity O -( O -DI O -) O -was O -20 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -/ O -wk O -. O - -aps B-category -VNB B-Chemical -was O -well O -tolerated O -and O -zero O -instances O -of O -WHO O -grade O -4 O -nonhematologic O -toxicity O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -least O -one O -episode O -of O -grade O -3 O -or O -4 O -granulocytopenia O -was O -seen O -in O -59 O -% O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -grade O -2 O -or O -3 O -infection O -occurred O -in O -16 O -% O -of O -patients O -, O -but O -no O -toxic O -deaths O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -side O -effects O -were O -rare O -, O -and O -peripheral O -neurotoxicity O -has O -been O -minor O -( O -26 O -% O -grade O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -VNB B-Chemical -is O -an O -active O -agent O -in O -metastatic O -esophageal O -squamous O -cell O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Given O -its O -excellent O -tolerance O -profile O -and O -low O -toxicity O -, O -further O -evaluation O -of O -VNB B-Chemical -in O -combination O -therapy O -is O -warranted O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -adverse O -reactions O -of O -aponidine B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -ophthalmic O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -prospectively O -evaluated O -the O -adverse O -reactions O -of O -apraclonidine B-Chemical -in O -20 O -normal O -volunteers O -by O -instilling O -a O -single O -drop O -of O -1 O -% O -apraclonidine B-Chemical -in O -their O -right O -eyes O -. O - -aps B-category -Examinations O -, O -including O -blood O -pressure O -, O -pulse O -rate O -, O -conjunctiva O -and O -cornea O -, O -intraocular O -pressure O -( O -IOP O -) O -, O -pupil O -diameter O -, O -basal O -tear O -secretion O -and O -margin O -reflex O -distance O -of O -both O -upper O -and O -lower O -eyelids O -, O -were O -performed O -prior O -to O -entry O -and O -at O -1 O -, O -3 O -, O -5 O -and O -7 O -hours O -after O -instillation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ocular O -hypotensive O -effects O -were O -statistically O -significant O -for O -apraclonidine B-Chemical -- O -treated O -eyes O -throughout O -the O -study O -and O -also O -statistically O -significant O -for O -contralateral O -eyes O -from O -three O -hours O -after O -topical O -administration O -of O -1 O -% O -apraclonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Decreases O -in O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -were O -statistically O -, O -but O -not O -clinically O -, O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -changes O -in O -diastolic O -blood O -pressure O -, O -pulse O -rate O -and O -basal O -tear O -secretion O -were O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -Conjunctival O -blanching O -and O -mydriasis O -were O -commonly O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Upper O -lid O -retraction O -was O -frequently O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -the O -elevations O -of O -the O -upper O -lid O -margin O -in O -most O -subjects O -were O -not O -more O -than O -2 O -mm O -and O -did O -not O -cause O -noticeable O -change O -in O -appearance O -, O -one O -subject O -suffered O -from O -mechanical O -entropion O -and O -marked O -corneal O -abrasion O -3 O -hours O -after O -instillation O -of O -the O -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -may O -well O -be O -a O -particularly O -notable O -finding O -in O -Asian O -people O -. O - -aps B-category -Thiopentone B-Chemical -pretreatment O -for O -propofol B-Chemical -injection O -pain O -in O -ambulatory O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -investigated O -propofol B-Chemical -injection O -pain O -in O -patients O -undergoing O -ambulatory O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -, O -90 O -women O -were O -allocated O -to O -receive O -one O -of O -three O -treatments O -prior O -to O -induction O -of O -anaesthesia O -with O -propofol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -in O -Group O -C O -received O -2 O -ml O -normal O -saline O -, O -Group O -L O -, O -2 O -ml O -, O -lidocaine B-Chemical -2 O -% O -( O -40 O -mg O -) O -and O -Group O -T O -, O -2 O -ml O -thiopentone B-Chemical -2 O -. O -5 O -% O -( O -50 O -mg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Venous O -discomfort O -was O -assessed O -with O -a O -visual O -analogue O -scale O -( O -VAS O -) O -5 O -- O -15 O -sec O -after O -commencing O -propofol B-Chemical -administration O -using O -an O -infusion O -pump O -( O -rate O -1000 O -micrograms O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -. O -min O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Loss O -of O -consciousness O -occurred O -in O -60 O -- O -90 O -sec O -. O - -aps B-category -Visual O -analogue O -scores O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -) O -during O -induction O -were O -lower O -in O -Groups O -L O -( O -3 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -5 O -) O -and O -T O -( O -4 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -7 O -) O -than O -in O -Group O -C O -( O -5 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -3 O -) O -; O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -0031 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -venous O -discomfort O -was O -lower O -in O -Group O -L O -( O -76 O -. O -6 O -% O -; O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -than O -in O -Group O -C O -( O -100 O -% O -) O -but O -not O -different O -from O -Group O -T O -( O -90 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -VAS O -scores O -for O -recall O -of O -pain O -in O -the O -recovery O -room O -were O -correlated O -with O -the O -VAS O -scores O -during O -induction O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -7045 O -; O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -0001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Recovery O -room O -discharge O -times O -were O -similar O -: O -C O -( O -75 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -19 O -. O -4 O -min O -) O -; O -L O -73 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -21 O -. O -6 O -min O -) O -; O -T O -( O -77 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -18 O -. O -9 O -min O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Assessing O -their O -overall O -satisfaction O -, O -89 O -. O -7 O -% O -would O -choose O -propofol B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -again O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -lidocaine B-Chemical -reduces O -the O -incidence O -and O -severity O -of O -propofol B-Chemical -injection O -pain O -in O -ambulatory O -patients O -whereas O -thiopentone B-Chemical -only O -reduces O -its O -severity O -. O - -aps B-category -Persistent O -paralysis O -after O -prolonged O -use O -of O -atracurium B-Chemical -in O -the O -absence O -of O -corticosteroids O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuromuscular O -blocking O -agents O -( O -NMBAs O -) O -are O -often O -used O -for O -patients O -requiring O -prolonged O -mechanical O -ventilation O -. O - -aps B-category -Reports O -of O -persistent O -paralysis O -after O -the O -discontinuance O -of O -these O -drugs O -have O -most O -often O -involved O -aminosteroid O -- O -based O -NMBAs O -such O -as O -vecuronium B-Chemical -bromide I-Chemical -, O -especially O -when O -used O -in O -conjunction O -with O -corticosteroids O -. O - -aps B-category -Atracurium B-Chemical -besylate I-Chemical -, O -a O -short O -- O -acting O -benzylisoquinolinium B-Chemical -NMBA O -that O -is O -eliminated O -independently O -of O -renal O -or O -hepatic O -function O -, O -has O -also O -been O -associated O -with O -persistent O -paralysis O -, O -but O -only O -when O -used O -with O -corticosteroids O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -atracurium B-Chemical -- O -related O -paralysis O -persisting O -for O -approximately O -50 O -hours O -in O -a O -patient O -who O -was O -not O -treated O -with O -corticosteroids O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -phase O -I O -/ O -II O -study O -of O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -plus O -cisplatin B-Chemical -as O -first O -- O -line O -therapy O -for O -head O -and O -neck O -cancers O -: O -preliminary O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -Improved O -outcomes O -among O -patients O -with O -head O -and O -neck O -carcinomas O -require O -investigations O -of O -new O -drugs O -for O -induction O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Preliminary O -results O -of O -an O -Eastern O -Cooperative O -Oncology O -Group O -study O -of O -single O -- O -agent O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -( O -Taxol B-Chemical -; O -Bristol O -- O -Myers O -Squibb O -Company O -, O -Princeton O -, O -NJ O -) O -reported O -a O -37 O -% O -response O -rate O -in O -patients O -with O -head O -and O -neck O -cancer O -, O -and O -the O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -/ O -cisplatin B-Chemical -combination O -has O -been O -used O -successfully O -and O -has O -significantly O -improved O -median O -response O -duration O -in O -ovarian O -cancer O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -initiated O -a O -phase O -I O -/ O -II O -trial O -to O -determine O -the O -response O -and O -toxicity O -of O -escalating O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -doses O -combined O -with O -fixed O -- O -dose O -cisplatin B-Chemical -with O -granulocyte O -colony O -- O -stimulating O -factor O -support O -in O -patients O -with O -untreated O -locally O -advanced O -inoperable O -head O -and O -neck O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -date O -, O -23 O -men O -with O -a O -median O -age O -of O -50 O -years O -and O -good O -performance O -status O -have O -entered O -the O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -Primary O -tumor O -sites O -were O -oropharynx O -, O -10 O -patients O -; O -hypopharynx O -, O -four O -; O -larynx O -, O -two O -; O -oral O -cavity O -, O -three O -; O -unknown O -primary O -, O -two O -; O -and O -nasal O -cavity O -and O -parotid O -gland O -, O -one O -each O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -20 O -patients O -evaluable O -for O -toxicity O -, O -four O -had O -stage O -III O -and O -16 O -had O -stage O -IV O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -, O -given O -every O -21 O -days O -for O -a O -maximum O -of O -three O -cycles O -, O -consisted O -of O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -by O -3 O -- O -hour O -infusion O -followed O -the O -next O -day O -by O -a O -fixed O -dose O -of O -cisplatin B-Chemical -( O -75 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -levels O -incorporate O -escalating O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -doses O -, O -and O -intrapatient O -escalations O -within O -a O -given O -dose O -level O -are O -permitted O -if O -toxicity O -permits O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -time O -of O -this O -writing O -, O -dose O -level O -4 O -( O -260 O -, O -270 O -, O -and O -280 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -) O -is O -being O -evaluated O -; O -three O -patients O -from O -this O -level O -are O -evaluable O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -doses O -of O -200 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -and O -higher O -, O -granulocyte O -colony O -- O -stimulating O -factor O -5 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -/ O -d O -is O -given O -( O -days O -4 O -through O -12 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -18 O -patients O -evaluable O -for O -response O -, O -seven O -( O -39 O -% O -) O -achieved O -a O -complete O -response O -and O -six O -( O -33 O -% O -) O -achieved O -a O -partial O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -patients O -had O -no O -change O -and O -disease O -progressed O -in O -two O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -overall O -response O -rate O -is O -72 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Eleven O -responding O -patients O -had O -subsequent O -surgery O -/ O -radiotherapy O -or O -radical O -radiotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -pathologic O -complete O -responses O -were O -observed O -in O -patients O -who O -had O -achieved O -clinical O -complete O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -Alopecia O -, O -paresthesias O -, O -and O -arthralgias O -/ O -myalgias O -have O -occurred O -frequently O -, O -but O -with O -one O -exception O -( O -a O -grade O -3 O -myalgia O -) O -they O -have O -been O -grade O -1 O -or O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -dose O -- O -limiting O -hematologic O -toxicity O -has O -been O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -Paclitaxel B-Chemical -/ O -cisplatin B-Chemical -is O -an O -effective O -first O -- O -line O -regimen O -for O -locoregionally O -advanced O -head O -and O -neck O -cancer O -and O -continued O -study O -is O -warranted O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -thus O -far O -suggest O -no O -dose O -- O -response O -effect O -for O -paclitaxel B-Chemical -doses O -above O -200 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Improvement O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -dyskinesia O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -patients O -suffering O -from O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -( O -PD O -) O -with O -severely O -disabling O -dyskinesia O -received O -low O -- O -dose O -propranolol B-Chemical -as O -an O -adjunct O -to O -the O -currently O -used O -medical O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -significant O -40 O -% O -improvement O -in O -the O -dyskinesia O -score O -without O -increase O -of O -parkinsonian O -motor O -disability O -. O - -aps B-category -Ballistic O -and O -choreic O -dyskinesia O -were O -markedly O -ameliorated O -, O -whereas O -dystonia O -was O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -suggests O -that O -administration O -of O -low O -doses O -of O -beta O -- O -blockers O -may O -improve O -levodopa B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ballistic O -and O -choreic O -dyskinesia O -in O -PD O -. O - -aps B-category -Habitual O -use O -of O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -as O -a O -risk O -factor O -for O -chronic O -renal O -failure O -: O -a O -comparison O -with O -phenacetin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -epidemiologic O -studies O -in O -the O -United O -States O -and O -Europe O -indicate O -that O -habitual O -use O -of O -phenacetin B-Chemical -is O -associated O -with O -the O -development O -of O -chronic O -renal O -failure O -and O -end O -- O -stage O -renal O -disease O -( O -ESRD O -) O -, O -with O -a O -relative O -risk O -in O -the O -range O -of O -4 O -to O -19 O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -result O -of O -these O -and O -other O -studies O -, O -phenacetin B-Chemical -has O -now O -been O -withdrawn O -from O -the O -market O -in O -most O -countries O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -three O -case O -control O -studies O -, O -one O -each O -in O -North O -Carolina O -, O -northern O -Maryland O -, O -and O -West O -Berlin O -, O -Germany O -, O -showed O -that O -habitual O -use O -of O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -is O -also O -associated O -with O -chronic O -renal O -failure O -and O -ESRD O -, O -with O -a O -relative O -risk O -in O -the O -range O -of O -2 O -to O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -suggest O -that O -both O -phenacetin B-Chemical -and O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -may O -contribute O -to O -the O -burden O -of O -ESRD O -, O -with O -the O -risk O -of O -the O -latter O -being O -somewhat O -less O -than O -that O -of O -the O -former O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -apparent O -difference O -in O -risk O -may O -not O -be O -due O -to O -differences O -in O -nephrotoxic O -potential O -of O -the O -drugs O -themselves O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -lower O -relative O -risk O -would O -be O -expected O -for O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -if O -the O -risk O -of O -both O -drugs O -in O -combination O -with O -other O -analgesics O -was O -higher O -than O -the O -risk O -of O -either O -agent O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -has O -been O -used O -both O -as O -a O -single O -agent O -and O -in O -combination O -with O -other O -analgesics O -, O -whereas O -phenacetin B-Chemical -was O -available O -only O -in O -combinations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -that O -habitual O -use O -of O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -alone O -increases O -the O -risk O -of O -ESRD O -has O -not O -been O -clearly O -demonstrated O -, O -but O -cannot O -be O -dismissed O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetaminophen B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Through O -30 O -years O -of O -widespread O -use O -, O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -a O -remarkably O -safe O -medication O -in O -therapeutic O -dosages O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potential O -for O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -to O -produce O -cardiovascular O -toxicities O -is O -very O -low O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -has O -been O -demonstrated O -to O -produce O -symptoms O -of O -anaphylaxis O -, O -including O -hypotension O -, O -in O -sensitive O -individuals O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -article O -describes O -two O -critically O -ill O -patients O -in O -whom O -transient O -episodes O -of O -hypotension O -reproducibly O -developed O -after O -administration O -of O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -symptoms O -of O -allergic O -reactions O -were O -not O -clinically O -detectable O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypotensive O -episodes O -were O -severe O -enough O -to O -require O -vasopressor O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reports O -illustrate O -the O -need O -for O -clinicians O -to O -consider O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -hypotension O -of O -unknown O -origin O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -heparan B-Chemical -sulphate I-Chemical -- O -associated O -anionic O -sites O -in O -the O -glomerular O -basement O -membrane O -of O -rats O -with O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -diabetic O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Heparan B-Chemical -sulphate I-Chemical -- O -associated O -anionic O -sites O -in O -the O -glomerular O -basement O -membrane O -were O -studied O -in O -rats O -8 O -months O -after O -induction O -of O -diabetes O -by O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -and O -in O -age O -- O -adn O -sex O -- O -matched O -control O -rats O -, O -employing O -the O -cationic O -dye O -cuprolinic B-Chemical -blue I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Morphometric O -analysis O -at O -the O -ultrastructural O -level O -was O -performed O -using O -a O -computerized O -image O -processor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heparan B-Chemical -sulphate I-Chemical -specificity O -of O -the O -cuprolinic B-Chemical -blue I-Chemical -staining O -was O -demonstrated O -by O -glycosaminoglycan B-Chemical -- O -degrading O -enzymes O -, O -showing O -that O -pretreatment O -of O -the O -sections O -with O -heparitinase O -abolished O -all O -staining O -, O -whereas O -chondroitinase O -ABC O -had O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -majority O -of O -anionic O -sites O -( O -74 O -% O -in O -diabetic O -and O -81 O -% O -in O -control O -rats O -) O -were O -found O -within O -the O -lamina O -rara O -externa O -of O -the O -glomerular O -basement O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -minority O -of O -anionic O -sites O -were O -scattered O -throughout O -the O -lamina O -densa O -and O -lamina O -rara O -interna O -, O -and O -were O -significantly O -smaller O -than O -those O -in O -the O -lamina O -rara O -externa O -of O -the O -glomerular O -basement O -membrane O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -and O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -01 O -for O -diabetic O -and O -control O -rats O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Diabetic O -rats O -progressively O -developed O -albuminuria O -reaching O -40 O -. O -3 O -( O -32 O -. O -2 O -- O -62 O -. O -0 O -) O -mg O -/ O -24 O -h O -after O -8 O -months O -in O -contrast O -to O -the O -control O -animals O -( O -0 O -. O -8 O -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -- O -0 O -. O -9 O -) O -mg O -/ O -24 O -h O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -002 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -same O -time O -, O -the O -number O -of O -heparan B-Chemical -sulphate I-Chemical -anionic O -sites O -and O -the O -total O -anionic O -site O -surface O -( O -number O -of O -anionic O -sites O -x O -mean O -anionic O -site O -surface O -) O -in O -the O -lamina O -rara O -externa O -of O -the O -glomerular O -basement O -membrane O -was O -reduced O -by O -19 O -% O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -021 O -) O -and O -by O -26 O -% O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Number O -and O -total O -anionic O -site O -surface O -in O -the O -remaining O -part O -of O -the O -glomerular O -basement O -membrane O -( O -lamina O -densa O -and O -lamina O -rara O -interna O -) O -were O -not O -significantly O -changed O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -in O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -- O -diabetic O -rats O -with O -an O -increased O -urinary O -albumin O -excretion O -, O -a O -reduced O -heparan B-Chemical -sulphate I-Chemical -charge O -barrier O -/ O -density O -is O -found O -at O -the O -lamina O -rara O -externa O -of O -the O -glomerular O -basement O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Mediation O -of O -enhanced O -reflex O -vagal O -bradycardia O -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -via O -central O -dopamine B-Chemical -formation O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Dopa I-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -decreased O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -after O -extracerebral O -decarboxylase O -inhibition O -with O -MK B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -486 I-Chemical -( O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -in O -anesthetize O -MAO B-Chemical -- O -inhibited O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -reflex O -bradycardia O -caused O -by O -injected O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -enhanced O -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -, O -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Threo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxyphenylserine I-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -on O -blood O -pressure O -, O -heart O -rate O -or O -reflex O -responses O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -FLA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -63 I-Chemical -, O -a O -dopamine B-Chemical -- O -beta O -- O -oxidase O -inhibitor O -, O -did O -not O -have O -any O -effect O -on O -the O -hypotension O -, O -bradycardia O -or O -reflex O -- O -enhancing O -effect O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pimozide B-Chemical -did O -not O -affect O -the O -actions O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -on O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -but O -completely O -blocked O -the O -enhancement O -of O -reflexes O -. O - -aps B-category -Removal O -of O -the O -carotid O -sinuses O -caused O -an O -elevation O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -and O -abolished O -the O -negative O -chronotropic O -effect O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -restored O -the O -bradycardia O -caused O -by O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -in O -addition O -to O -decreasing O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -decreased O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -and O -decreased O -the O -reflex O -bradycardia O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -enhances O -reflex O -bradycardia O -through O -central O -alpha O -- O -receptor O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -effects O -are O -mediated O -through O -dopamine B-Chemical -rather O -than O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -do O -not O -require O -the O -carotid O -sinus O -baroreceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Microangiopathic O -hemolytic O -anemia O -complicating O -FK506 B-Chemical -( O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -) O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -3 O -episodes O -of O -microangiopathic O -hemolytic O -anemia O -( O -MAHA O -) O -in O -2 O -solid O -organ O -recipients O -under O -FK506 B-Chemical -( O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -) O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -cases O -, O -discontinuation O -of O -FK506 B-Chemical -and O -treatment O -with O -plasma O -exchange O -, O -fresh O -frozen O -plasma O -replacement O -, O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -, O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -and O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -led O -to O -resolution O -of O -MAHA O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -one O -patient O -, O -reintroduction O -of O -FK506 B-Chemical -led O -to O -rapid O -recurrence O -of O -MAHA O -. O - -aps B-category -FK506 B-Chemical -- O -associated O -MAHA O -is O -probably O -rare O -but O -physicians O -must O -be O -aware O -of O -this O -severe O -complication O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -our O -experience O -and O -according O -to O -the O -literature O -, O -FK506 B-Chemical -does O -not O -seem O -to O -cross O -- O -react O -with O -cyclosporin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -( O -CyA B-Chemical -) O -, O -an O -immuno O -- O -suppressive O -drug O -already O -known O -to O -induce O -MAHA O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -some O -anticancer O -drugs O -and O -combined O -chemotherapy O -on O -renal O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nephrotoxic O -action O -of O -anticancer O -drugs O -such O -as O -nitrogranulogen B-Chemical -( O -NG B-Chemical -) O -, O -methotrexate B-Chemical -( O -MTX B-Chemical -) O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -) O -and O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -CY B-Chemical -) O -administered O -alone O -or O -in O -combination O -[ O -MTX B-Chemical -+ O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -+ O -CY B-Chemical -( O -CMF O -) O -] O -was O -evaluated O -in O -experiments O -on O -Wistar O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -drug O -administration O -, O -creatinine B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -plasma O -and O -in O -the O -urine O -of O -the O -rats O -were O -determined O -, O -as O -well O -as O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -. O - -aps B-category -Histopathologic O -evaluation O -of O -the O -kidneys O -was O -also O -performed O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -MTX B-Chemical -administration O -a O -significant O -increase O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -0228 O -) O -in O -the O -plasma O -creatinine B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -a O -significant O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -0001 O -) O -decrease O -in O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -was O -noted O -compared O -to O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -administration O -of O -NG B-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -and O -CY B-Chemical -neither O -a O -statistically O -significant O -increase O -in O -creatinine B-Chemical -concentration O -nor O -an O -increase O -in O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -was O -observed O -compared O -to O -the O -group O -receiving O -no O -cytostatics O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -polytherapy O -according O -to O -the O -CMF O -regimen O -, O -a O -statistically O -significant O -decrease O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -0343 O -) O -in O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -was O -found O -, O -but O -creatinine B-Chemical -concentration O -did O -not O -increase O -significantly O -compared O -to O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -CY B-Chemical -caused O -hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -in O -40 O -% O -of O -rats O -, O -but O -it O -did O -not O -cause O -this O -complication O -when O -combined O -with O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -and O -MTX B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Histologic O -changes O -were O -found O -in O -rat O -kidneys O -after O -administration O -of O -MTX B-Chemical -, O -CY B-Chemical -and O -NG B-Chemical -, O -while O -no O -such O -change O -was O -observed O -after O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -and O -joint O -administration O -of O -MTX B-Chemical -+ O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -+ O -CY B-Chemical -compared O -to O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -studies O -indicate O -that O -nephrotoxicity O -of O -MTX B-Chemical -+ O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -+ O -CY B-Chemical -administered O -jointly O -is O -lower O -than O -in O -monotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interpeduncular O -nucleus O -regulates O -nicotine B-Chemical -' O -s O -effects O -on O -free O -- O -field O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Partial O -lesions O -were O -made O -with O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -interpeduncular O -nucleus O -of O -the O -ventral O -midbrain O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -with O -sham O -- O -operated O -controls O -, O -lesions O -significantly O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -25 O -) O -blunted O -the O -early O -( O -< O -60 O -min O -) O -free O -- O -field O -locomotor O -hypoactivity O -caused O -by O -nicotine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -, O -i O -. O -m O -. O -) O -, O -enhanced O -the O -later O -( O -60 O -- O -120 O -min O -) O -nicotine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -, O -and O -raised O -spontaneous O -nocturnal O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Lesions O -reduced O -the O -extent O -of O -immunohistological O -staining O -for O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -in O -the O -interpeduncular O -nucleus O -( O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -025 O -) O -, O -but O -not O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -the O -surrounding O -catecholaminergic O -A10 O -region O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -the O -interpeduncular O -nucleus O -mediates O -nicotinic O -depression O -of O -locomotor O -activity O -and O -dampens O -nicotinic O -arousal O -mechanisms O -located O -elsewhere O -in O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -- O -associated O -cognitive O -and O -functional O -deficits O -reduced O -by O -a O -switch O -to O -divalproex B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -: O -a O -case O -series O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Lithium B-Chemical -remains O -a O -first O -- O -line O -treatment O -for O -the O -acute O -and O -maintenance O -treatment O -of O -bipolar O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -much O -has O -been O -written O -about O -the O -management O -of O -the O -more O -common O -adverse O -effects O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -, O -such O -as O -polyuria O -and O -tremor O -, O -more O -subtle O -lithium B-Chemical -side O -effects O -such O -as O -cognitive O -deficits O -, O -loss O -of O -creativity O -, O -and O -functional O -impairments O -remain O -understudied O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -report O -summarizes O -our O -experience O -in O -switching O -bipolar O -patients O -from O -lithium B-Chemical -to O -divalproex B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -to O -alleviate O -such O -cognitive O -and O -functional O -impairments O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -Open O -, O -case O -series O -design O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -We O -report O -seven O -cases O -where O -substitution O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -, O -either O -fully O -or O -partially O -, O -with O -divalproex B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -was O -extremely O -helpful O -in O -reducing O -the O -cognitive O -, O -motivational O -, O -or O -creative O -deficits O -attributed O -to O -lithium B-Chemical -in O -our O -bipolar O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSION O -: O -In O -this O -preliminary O -report O -, O -divalproex B-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -was O -a O -superior O -alternative O -to O -lithium B-Chemical -in O -bipolar O -patients O -experiencing O -cognitive O -deficits O -, O -loss O -of O -creativity O -, O -and O -functional O -impairments O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -nifedipine B-Chemical -on O -renal O -function O -in O -liver O -transplant O -recipients O -receiving O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -nifedipine B-Chemical -on O -renal O -function O -in O -liver O -transplant O -recipients O -who O -were O -receiving O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -was O -evaluated O -between O -January O -1992 O -and O -January O -1996 O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -groups O -of O -patients O -receiving O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -were O -compared O -over O -a O -period O -of O -1 O -year O -, O -one O -group O -comprising O -hypertensive O -patients O -who O -were O -receiving O -nifedipine B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -other O -comprising O -nonhypertensive O -patients O -not O -receiving O -nifedipine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -from O -transplant O -to O -baseline O -was O -similar O -in O -all O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Nifedipine B-Chemical -significantly O -improved O -kidney O -function O -as O -indicated O -by O -a O -significant O -lowering O -of O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -levels O -at O -6 O -and O -12 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -observed O -positive O -impact O -of O -nifedipine B-Chemical -on O -reducing O -the O -nephrotoxicity O -associated O -with O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -in O -liver O -transplant O -recipients O -should O -be O -an O -important O -factor O -in O -selecting O -an O -agent O -to O -treat O -hypertension O -in O -this O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha O -and O -beta O -coma O -in O -drug O -intoxication O -uncomplicated O -by O -cerebral O -hypoxia O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -patients O -who O -were O -rendered O -comatose O -or O -stuporous O -by O -drug O -intoxication O -, O -but O -who O -were O -not O -hypoxic O -, O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -patients O -received O -high O -doses O -of O -chlormethiazole B-Chemical -for O -alcohol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -symptoms O -, O -and O -one O -took O -a O -suicidal O -overdose O -of O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -with O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -overdose O -and O -two O -of O -those O -with O -chlormethiazole B-Chemical -intoxication O -conformed O -to O -the O -criteria O -of O -' O -alpha O -coma O -' O -, O -showing O -non O -- O -reactive O -generalized O -or O -frontally O -predominant O -alpha O -activity O -in O -the O -EEG O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fourth O -patient O -who O -was O -unconscious O -after O -chlormethiazole B-Chemical -administration O -exhibite O -generalized O -non O -- O -reactive O -activity O -in O -the O -slow O -beta O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -four O -recovered O -completely O -without O -neurological O -sequelae O -following O -the O -withdrawal O -of O -the O -offending O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -similarities O -between O -the O -effects O -of O -structural O -lesions O -and O -pharmacological O -depression O -of O -the O -brain O -stem O -reticular O -formation O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -in O -both O -situations O -disturbed O -reticulo O -- O -thalamic O -interactions O -are O -important O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -alpha O -coma O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -when O -this O -electroencephalographic O -and O -behavioural O -picture O -is O -seen O -in O -drug O -intoxication O -, O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -significant O -hypoxaemia O -, O -a O -favourable O -outcome O -may O -be O -anticipated O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnetic O -resonance O -volumetry O -of O -the O -cerebellum O -in O -epileptic O -patients O -after O -phenytoin B-Chemical -overdosages O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -evaluate O -the O -relationship O -between O -phenytoin B-Chemical -medication O -and O -cerebellar O -atrophy O -in O -patients O -who O -had O -experienced O -clinical O -intoxication O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -females O -and O -6 O -males O -, O -21 O -- O -59 O -years O -of O -age O -, O -were O -examined O -with O -a O -1 O -. O -5 O -- O -T O -whole O -- O -body O -system O -using O -a O -circular O -polarized O -head O -coil O -. O - -aps B-category -Conventional O -spin O -echo O -images O -were O -acquired O -in O -the O -sagittal O -and O -transverse O -orientation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -we O -performed O -a O -high O -- O -resolution O -3D O -gradient O -echo O -, O -T1 O -- O -weighted O -sequences O -at O -a O -1 O -- O -mm O -slice O -thickness O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -images O -were O -subsequently O -processed O -to O -obtain O -volumetric O -data O -for O -the O -cerebellum O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebellar O -volume O -for O -the O -patient O -group O -ranged O -between O -67 O -. O -66 O -and O -131 O -. O -08 O -ml O -( O -mean O -108 O -. O -9 O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -3D O -gradient O -echo O -data O -sets O -from O -10 O -healthy O -male O -and O -10 O -healthy O -female O -age O -- O -matched O -volunteers O -were O -used O -to O -compare O -cerebellar O -volumes O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -linear O -regression O -we O -found O -that O -no O -correlation O -exists O -between O -seizure O -duration O -, O -elevation O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -serum O -levels O -and O -cerebellar O -volume O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -multiple O -regression O -for O -the O -daily O -dosage O -, O -duration O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -treatment O -and O -cerebellar O -volume O -revealed O -a O -correlation O -of O -these O -parameters O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -phenytoin B-Chemical -overdosage O -does O -not O -necessarily O -result O -in O -cerebellar O -atrophy O -and O -it O -is O -unlikely O -that O -phenytoin B-Chemical -medication O -was O -the O -only O -cause O -of O -cerebellar O -atrophy O -in O -the O -remaining O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -morphometric O -studies O -of O -the O -cerebellum O -provide O -valuable O -insights O -into O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -cerebellar O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -Late O -recovery O -of O -renal O -function O -in O -a O -woman O -with O -the O -hemolytic O -uremic O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -is O -reported O -of O -the O -hemolytic O -uremic O -syndrome O -( O -HUS O -) O -in O -a O -woman O -taking O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -She O -was O -treated O -with O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -and O -hemodialysis O -; O -and O -after O -more O -than O -three O -months O -, O -her O -urinary O -output O -rose O -above O -500 O -ml O -; O -and O -six O -months O -after O -the O -onset O -of O -anuria O -, O -dialysis O -treatment O -was O -stopped O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -emphasizes O -the O -possibility O -that O -HUS O -in O -adults O -is O -not O -invariably O -irreversible O -and O -that O -, O -despite O -prolonged O -oliguria O -, O -recovery O -of O -renal O -function O -can O -be O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -in O -adult O -patients O -affected O -by O -HUS O -, O -dialysis O -should O -not O -be O -discontinued O -prematurely O -; O -moreover O -, O -bilateral O -nephrectomy O -, O -for O -treatment O -of O -severe O -hypertension O -and O -microangiopathic O -hemolytic O -anemia O -, O -should O -be O -performed O -with O -caution O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphological O -features O -of O -encephalopathy O -after O -chronic O -administration O -of O -the O -antiepileptic O -drug O -valproate B-Chemical -to O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -transmission O -electron O -microscopic O -study O -of O -capillaries O -in O -the O -cerebellar O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -intragastric O -application O -of O -the O -antiepileptic O -drug O -sodium B-Chemical -valproate I-Chemical -( O -Vupral O -" O -Polfa O -" O -) O -at O -the O -effective O -dose O -of O -200 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -b O -. O - -aps B-category -w O -. O -once O -daily O -to O -rats O -for O -1 O -, O -3 O -, O -6 O -, O -9 O -and O -12 O -months O -revealed O -neurological O -disorders O -indicating O -cerebellum O -damage O -( O -" O -valproate B-Chemical -encephalopathy O -" O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -ultrastructural O -changes O -in O -structural O -elements O -of O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -- O -barrier O -( O -BBB O -) O -in O -the O -cerebellar O -cortex O -were O -detectable O -after O -3 O -months O -of O -the O -experiment O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -became O -more O -severe O -in O -the O -later O -months O -of O -the O -experiment O -, O -and O -were O -most O -severe O -after O -12 O -months O -, O -located O -mainly O -in O -the O -molecular O -layer O -of O -the O -cerebellar O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -Lesions O -of O -the O -capillary O -included O -necrosis O -of O -endothelial O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Organelles O -of O -these O -cells O -, O -in O -particular O -the O -mitochondria O -( O -increased O -number O -and O -size O -, O -distinct O -degeneration O -of O -their O -matrix O -and O -cristae O -) O -and O -Golgi O -apparatus O -were O -altered O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -size O -of O -capillary O -lumen O -and O -occlusion O -were O -caused O -by O -swollen O -endothelial O -cells O -which O -had O -luminal B-Chemical -protrusions O -and O -swollen O -microvilli O -. O - -aps B-category -Pressure O -on O -the O -vessel O -wall O -was O -produced O -by O -enlarged O -perivascular O -astrocytic O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -Fragments O -of O -necrotic O -endothelial O -cells O -were O -in O -the O -vascular O -lumens O -and O -in O -these O -there O -was O -loosening O -and O -breaking O -of O -tight O -cellular O -junctions O -. O - -aps B-category -Damage O -to O -the O -vascular O -basement O -lamina O -was O -also O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Damage O -to O -the O -capillary O -was O -accompanied O -by O -marked O -damage O -to O -neuroglial O -cells O -, O -mainly O -to O -perivascular O -processes O -of O -astrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proliferation O -of O -astrocytes O -( O -Bergmann O -' O -s O -in O -particular O -) O -and O -occasionally O -of O -oligodendrocytes O -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Alterations O -in O -the O -structural O -elements O -of O -the O -BBB O -coexisted O -with O -marked O -lesions O -of O -neurons O -of O -the O -cerebellum O -( O -Purkinje O -cells O -are O -earliest O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -electron O -micrographs O -both O -luminal B-Chemical -and O -antiluminal O -sides O -of O -the O -BBB O -of O -the O -cerebellar O -cortex O -had O -similar O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -influence O -of O -the O -hepatic O -damage O -, O -mainly O -hyperammonemia O -, O -upon O -the O -development O -of O -valproate B-Chemical -encephalopathy O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Fatal O -intracranial O -bleeding O -associated O -with O -prehospital O -use O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -present O -a O -case O -of O -paramedic O -misjudgment O -in O -the O -execution O -of O -a O -protocol O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -allergic O -reaction O -in O -a O -case O -of O -pulmonary O -edema O -with O -wheezing O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sudden O -onset O -of O -respiratory O -distress O -, O -rash O -, O -and O -a O -history O -of O -a O -new O -medicine O -led O -the O -two O -paramedics O -on O -the O -scene O -to O -administer O -subcutaneous O -epinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequently O -, O -acute O -cardiac O -arrest O -and O -fatal O -subarachnoid O -hemorrhage O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -Epinephrine B-Chemical -has O -a O -proven O -role O -in O -cardiac O -arrest O -in O -prehospital O -care O -; O -however O -, O -use O -by O -paramedics O -in O -patients O -with O -suspected O -allergic O -reaction O -and O -severe O -hypertension O -should O -be O -viewed O -with O -caution O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -activation O -of O -bradykinin B-Chemical -B2 O -receptors O -in O -disruption O -of O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -during O -acute O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Cellular O -mechanisms O -which O -account O -for O -disruption O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -during O -acute O -hypertension O -are O -not O -clear O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -goal O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -the O -role O -of O -synthesis O -/ O -release O -of O -bradykinin B-Chemical -to O -activate O -B2 O -receptors O -in O -disruption O -of O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -during O -acute O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Permeability O -of O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -was O -quantitated O -by O -clearance O -of O -fluorescent O -- O -labeled O -dextran B-Chemical -before O -and O -during O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -acute O -hypertension O -in O -rats O -treated O -with O -vehicle O -and O -Hoe B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -140 I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -microM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylephrine B-Chemical -infusion O -increased O -arterial O -pressure O -, O -arteriolar O -diameter O -and O -clearance O -of O -fluorescent O -dextran B-Chemical -by O -a O -similar O -magnitude O -in O -both O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -disruption O -of O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -during O -acute O -hypertension O -is O -not O -related O -to O -the O -synthesis O -/ O -release O -of O -bradykinin B-Chemical -to O -activate O -B2 O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Risk O -factors O -of O -sensorineural O -hearing O -loss O -in O -preterm O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -547 O -preterm O -infants O -of O -< O -or O -= O -34 O -weeks O -gestation O -born O -between O -1987 O -and O -1991 O -, O -8 O -children O -( O -1 O -. O -46 O -% O -) O -developed O -severe O -progressive O -and O -bilateral O -sensorineural O -hearing O -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -Perinatal O -risk O -factors O -of O -infants O -with O -hearing O -loss O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -two O -control O -groups O -matched O -for O -gestation O -and O -birth O -weight O -and O -for O -perinatal O -complications O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -observations O -demonstrated O -an O -association O -of O -hearing O -loss O -with O -a O -higher O -incidence O -of O -perinatal O -complications O -. O - -aps B-category -Ototoxicity O -appeared O -closely O -related O -to O -a O -prolonged O -administration O -and O -higher O -total O -dose O -of O -ototoxic O -drugs O -, O -particularly O -aminoglycosides B-Chemical -and O -furosemide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -we O -strongly O -recommend O -to O -prospectively O -and O -regularly O -perform O -audiologic O -assessment O -in O -sick O -preterm O -children O -as O -hearing O -loss O -is O -of O -delayed O -onset O -and O -in O -most O -cases O -bilateral O -and O -severe O -. O - -aps B-category -Seizure O -resulting O -from O -a O -venlafaxine B-Chemical -overdose O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -To O -report O -a O -case O -of O -venlafaxine B-Chemical -overdose O -. O - -aps B-category -CASE O -SUMMARY O -: O -A O -40 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -major O -depression O -took O -an O -overdose O -of O -venlafaxine B-Chemical -in O -an O -apparent O -suicide O -attempt O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -ingestion O -of O -26 O -venlafaxine B-Chemical -50 O -- O -mg O -tablets O -, O -the O -patient O -experienced O -a O -witnessed O -generalized O -seizure O -. O - -aps B-category -She O -was O -admitted O -to O -the O -medical O -intensive O -care O -unit O -, O -venlafaxine B-Chemical -was O -discontinued O -, O -and O -no O -further O -sequelae O -were O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -DISCUSSION O -: O -To O -our O -knowledge O -, O -this O -is O -the O -first O -reported O -case O -of O -venlafaxine B-Chemical -overdose O -that O -resulted O -in O -a O -generalized O -seizure O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -nonoverdose O -pharmacokinetics O -and O -pharmacodynamics O -of O -venlafaxine B-Chemical -and O -the O -potential O -risks O -of O -available O -interventions O -, O -no O -emergent O -therapy O -was O -instituted O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -venlafaxine B-Chemical -overdose O -in O -our O -patient O -resulted O -in O -a O -single O -episode O -of O -generalized O -seizure O -but O -elicited O -no O -further O -sequelae O -. O - -aps B-category -Combined O -effects O -of O -prolonged O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -and O -haemodilution O -on O -human O -hepatic O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Combined O -effects O -of O -prolonged O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -( O -PGE1 B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -hypotension O -and O -haemodilution O -on O -hepatic O -function O -were O -studied O -in O -30 O -patients O -undergoing O -hip O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -were O -randomly O -allocated O -to O -one O -of O -three O -groups O -; O -those O -in O -group O -A O -( O -n O -= O -10 O -) O -were O -subjected O -to O -controlled O -hypotension O -alone O -, O -those O -in O -group O -B O -( O -n O -= O -10 O -) O -to O -haemodilution O -alone O -and O -those O -in O -group O -C O -( O -n O -= O -10 O -) O -to O -both O -controlled O -hypotension O -and O -haemodilution O -. O - -aps B-category -Haemodilution O -in O -groups O -B O -and O -C O -was O -produced O -by O -withdrawing O -approximately O -1000 O -mL O -of O -blood O -and O -replacing O -it O -with O -the O -same O -amount O -of O -dextran B-Chemical -solution O -, O -and O -final O -haematocrit O -values O -were O -21 O -or O -22 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Controlled O -hypotension O -in O -groups O -A O -and O -C O -was O -induced O -with O -PGE1 B-Chemical -to O -maintain O -mean O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -at O -55 O -mmHg O -for O -180 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurements O -included O -arterial O -ketone O -body O -ratio O -( O -AKBR O -, O -aceto B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -/ O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxybutyrate I-Chemical -) O -and O -clinical O -hepatic O -function O -parameters O -. O - -aps B-category -AKBR O -and O -biological O -hepatic O -function O -tests O -showed O -no O -change O -throughout O -the O -time O -course O -in O -groups O -A O -and O -B O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -group O -C O -, O -AKBR O -showed O -a O -significant O -decrease O -at O -120 O -min O -( O -- O -40 O -% O -) O -and O -at O -180 O -min O -( O -- O -49 O -% O -) O -after O -the O -start O -of O -hypotension O -and O -at O -60 O -min O -( O -- O -32 O -% O -) O -after O -recovery O -of O -normotension O -, O -and O -SGOT O -, O -SGPT O -, O -LDH O -and O -total O -bilirubin B-Chemical -showed O -significant O -increases O -after O -operation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -a O -prolonged O -combination O -of O -more O -than O -120 O -min O -of O -PGE1 B-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypotension O -and O -moderate O -haemodilution O -would O -cause O -impairment O -of O -hepatic O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiovascular O -alterations O -in O -rat O -fetuses O -exposed O -to O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -Preclinical O -toxicologic O -investigation O -suggested O -that O -a O -new O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blocker O -, O -Ro B-Chemical -40 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5967 I-Chemical -, O -induced O -cardiovascular O -alterations O -in O -rat O -fetuses O -exposed O -to O -this O -agent O -during O -organogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -investigate O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blockers O -in O -general O -induce O -cardiovascular O -malformations O -indicating O -a O -pharmacologic O -class O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -three O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blockers O -of O -different O -structure O -, O -nifedipine B-Chemical -, O -diltiazem B-Chemical -, O -and O -verapamil B-Chemical -, O -along O -with O -the O -new O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Pregnant O -rats O -were O -administered O -one O -of O -these O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blockers O -during O -the O -period O -of O -cardiac O -morphogenesis O -and O -the O -offspring O -examined O -on O -day O -20 O -of O -gestation O -for O -cardiovascular O -malformations O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -low O -incidence O -of O -cardiovascular O -malformations O -was O -observed O -after O -exposure O -to O -each O -of O -the O -four O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blockers O -, O -but O -this O -incidence O -was O -statistically O -significant O -only O -for O -verapamil B-Chemical -and O -nifedipine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -four O -agents O -were O -associated O -with O -aortic O -arch O -branching O -variants O -, O -although O -significantly O -increased O -only O -for O -Ro B-Chemical -40 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5967 I-Chemical -and O -verapamil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -site O -of O -common O -side O -effects O -of O -sumatriptan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Atypical O -sensations O -following O -the O -use O -of O -subcutaneous O -sumatriptan B-Chemical -are O -common O -, O -but O -of O -uncertain O -origin O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -are O -almost O -always O -benign O -, O -but O -can O -be O -mistaken O -for O -a O -serious O -adverse O -event O -by O -the O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -are O -presented O -with O -tingling O -or O -burning O -sensations O -limited O -to O -areas O -of O -heat O -exposure O -or O -sunburn O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -individuals O -, O -side O -effects O -are O -most O -likely O -generated O -superficially O -in O -the O -skin O -. O - -aps B-category -Macula O -toxicity O -after O -intravitreal O -amikacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Although O -intravitreal O -aminoglycosides B-Chemical -have O -substantially O -improved O -visual O -prognosis O -in O -endophthalmitis O -, O -macular O -infarction O -may O -impair O -full O -visual O -recovery O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -We O -present O -a O -case O -of O -presumed O -amikacin B-Chemical -retinal O -toxicity O -following O -treatment O -with O -amikacin B-Chemical -and O -vancomycin B-Chemical -for O -alpha O -- O -haemolytic O -streptococcal O -endophthalmitis O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Endophthalmitis O -resolved O -with O -improvement O -in O -visual O -acuity O -to O -6 O -/ O -24 O -at O -three O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Fundus O -fluorescein B-Chemical -angiography O -confirmed O -macular O -capillary O -closure O -and O -telangiectasis O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Currently O -accepted O -intravitreal O -antibiotic O -regimens O -may O -cause O -retinal O -toxicity O -and O -macular O -ischaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -strategies O -aimed O -at O -avoiding O -retinal O -toxicity O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -in O -smoking O -- O -related O -cardiovascular O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Nicotine B-Chemical -activates O -the O -sympathetic O -nervous O -system O -and O -in O -this O -way O -could O -contribute O -to O -cardiovascular O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Animal O -studies O -and O -mechanistic O -studies O -indicate O -that O -nicotine B-Chemical -could O -play O -a O -role O -in O -accelerating O -atherosclerosis O -, O -but O -evidence O -among O -humans O -is O -too O -inadequate O -to O -be O -definitive O -about O -such O -an O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Almost O -certainly O -, O -nicotine B-Chemical -via O -its O -hemodynamic O -effects O -contributes O -to O -acute O -cardiovascular O -events O -, O -although O -current O -evidence O -suggests O -that O -the O -effects O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -are O -much O -less O -important O -than O -are O -the O -prothrombotic O -effects O -of O -cigarette O -smoking O -or O -the O -effects O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Nicotine B-Chemical -does O -not O -appear O -to O -enhance O -thrombosis O -among O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -studies O -of O -pipe O -smokers O -and O -people O -using O -transdermal O -nicotine B-Chemical -support O -the O -idea O -that O -toxins O -other O -than O -nicotine B-Chemical -are O -the O -most O -important O -causes O -of O -acute O -cardiovascular O -events O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -the O -dose O -response O -for O -cardiovascular O -events O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -appears O -to O -be O -flat O -, O -suggesting O -that O -if O -nicotine B-Chemical -is O -involved O -, O -adverse O -effects O -might O -be O -seen O -with O -relatively O -low O -- O -level O -cigarette O -exposures O -. O - -aps B-category -Iatrogenically O -induced O -intractable O -atrioventricular O -reentrant O -tachycardia O -after O -verapamil B-Chemical -and O -catheter O -ablation O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -Wolff O -- O -Parkinson O -- O -White O -syndrome O -and O -idiopathic O -dilated O -cardiomyopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -patient O -with O -WPW O -syndrome O -and O -idiopathic O -dilated O -cardiomyopathy O -, O -intractable O -atrioventricular O -reentrant O -tachycardia O -( O -AVRT O -) O -was O -iatrogenically O -induced O -. O - -aps B-category -QRS O -without O -preexcitation O -, O -caused O -by O -junctional O -escape O -beats O -after O -verapamil B-Chemical -or O -unidirectional O -antegrade O -block O -of O -accessory O -pathway O -after O -catheter O -ablation O -, O -established O -frequent O -AVRT O -attack O -. O - -aps B-category -Epidemic O -of O -liver O -disease O -caused O -by O -hydrochlorofluorocarbons B-Chemical -used O -as O -ozone B-Chemical -- O -sparing O -substitutes O -of O -chlorofluorocarbons B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Hydrochlorofluorocarbons B-Chemical -( O -HCFCs B-Chemical -) O -are O -used O -increasingly O -in O -industry O -as O -substitutes O -for O -ozone B-Chemical -- O -depleting O -chlorofluorocarbons B-Chemical -( O -CFCs B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Limited O -studies O -in O -animals O -indicate O -potential O -hepatotoxicity O -of O -some O -of O -these O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -investigated O -an O -epidemic O -of O -liver O -disease O -in O -nine O -industrial O -workers O -who O -had O -had O -repeated O -accidental O -exposure O -to O -a O -mixture O -of O -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dichloro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trifluoroethane I-Chemical -( O -HCFC B-Chemical -123 I-Chemical -) O -and O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tetrafluoroethane I-Chemical -( O -HCFC B-Chemical -124 I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -nine O -exposed O -workers O -were O -affected O -to O -various O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -compounds O -are O -metabolised O -in O -the O -same O -way O -as O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bromo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trifluoroethane I-Chemical -( O -halothane B-Chemical -) O -to O -form O -reactive O -trifluoroacetyl B-Chemical -halide O -intermediates O -, O -which O -have O -been O -implicated O -in O -the O -hepatotoxicity O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -aimed O -to O -test O -whether O -HCFCs B-Chemical -123 I-Chemical -and I-Chemical -124 I-Chemical -can O -result O -in O -serious O -liver O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -For O -one O -severely O -affected O -worker O -liver O -biopsy O -and O -immunohistochemical O -stainings O -for O -the O -presence O -of O -trifluoroacetyl B-Chemical -protein O -adducts O -were O -done O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serum O -of O -six O -affected O -workers O -and O -five O -controls O -was O -tested O -for O -autoantibodies O -that O -react O -with O -human O -liver O -cytochrome O -- O -P450 O -2E1 O -( O -P450 O -2E1 O -) O -and O -P58 O -protein O -disulphide O -isomerase O -isoform O -( O -P58 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -FINDINGS O -: O -The O -liver O -biopsy O -sample O -showed O -hepatocellular O -necrosis O -which O -was O -prominent O -in O -perivenular O -zone O -three O -and O -extended O -focally O -from O -portal O -tracts O -to O -portal O -tracts O -and O -centrilobular O -areas O -( O -bridging O -necrosis O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Trifluoroacetyl B-Chemical -- O -adducted O -proteins O -were O -detected O -in O -surviving O -hepatocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Autoantibodies O -against O -P450 O -2E1 O -or O -P58 O -, O -previously O -associated O -with O -halothane O -hepatitis O -, O -were O -detected O -in O -the O -serum O -of O -five O -affected O -workers O -. O - -aps B-category -INTERPRETATION O -: O -Repeated O -exposure O -of O -human O -beings O -to O -HCFCs B-Chemical -123 I-Chemical -and I-Chemical -124 I-Chemical -can O -result O -in O -serious O -liver O -injury O -in O -a O -large O -proportion O -of O -the O -exposed O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -exact O -mechanism O -of O -hepatotoxicity O -of O -these O -agents O -is O -not O -known O -, O -the O -results O -suggest O -that O -trifluoroacetyl B-Chemical -- O -altered O -liver O -proteins O -are O -involved O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -view O -of O -the O -potentially O -widespread O -use O -of O -these O -compounds O -, O -there O -is O -an O -urgent O -need O -to O -develop O -safer O -alternatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Bile O -duct O -hamartoma O -occurring O -in O -association O -with O -long O -- O -term O -treatment O -with O -danazol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -case O -of O -bile O -duct O -hamartoma O -which O -developed O -in O -a O -patient O -who O -had O -been O -on O -long O -- O -term O -danazol B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -patients O -should O -be O -under O -close O -follow O -- O -up O -, O -preferably O -with O -periodic O -ultrasound O -examination O -of O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -the O -patient O -develops O -a O -liver O -mass O -, O -because O -of O -non O -- O -specific O -clinical O -features O -and O -imaging O -appearances O -, O -biopsy O -may O -be O -the O -only O -way O -to O -achieve O -a O -definitive O -diagnosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Endocrine O -screening O -in O -1 O -, O -022 O -men O -with O -erectile O -dysfunction O -: O -clinical O -significance O -and O -cost O -- O -effective O -strategy O -. O - -aps B-category -PURPOSE O -: O -We O -reviewed O -the O -results O -of O -serum O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -prolactin O -determination O -in O -1 O -, O -022 O -patients O -referred O -because O -of O -erectile O -dysfunction O -and O -compared O -the O -data O -with O -history O -, O -results O -of O -physical O -examination O -, O -other O -etiological O -investigations O -and O -effects O -of O -endocrine O -therapy O -to O -refine O -the O -rules O -of O -cost O -- O -effective O -endocrine O -screening O -and O -to O -pinpoint O -actual O -responsibility O -for O -hormonal O -abnormalities O -. O - -aps B-category -MATERIALS O -AND O -METHODS O -: O -Testosterone B-Chemical -and O -prolactin O -were O -determined O -by O -radioimmunoassay O -. O - -aps B-category -Every O -patient O -was O -screened O -for O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -451 O -were O -screened O -for O -prolactin O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -low O -sexual O -desire O -, O -gynecomastia O -or O -testosterone B-Chemical -less O -than O -4 O -ng O -. O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -was O -repeated O -in O -case O -of O -abnormal O -first O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolactin O -results O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -a O -previous O -personal O -cohort O -of O -1 O -, O -340 O -patients O -with O -erectile O -dysfunction O -and O -systematic O -prolactin O -determination O -. O - -aps B-category -Main O -clinical O -criteria O -tested O -regarding O -efficiency O -in O -hormone O -determination O -were O -low O -sexual O -desire O -, O -small O -testes O -and O -gynecomastia O -. O - -aps B-category -Endocrine O -therapy O -consisted O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -heptylate I-Chemical -or O -human O -chorionic O -gonadotropin O -for O -hypogonadism O -and O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -for O -hyperprolactinemia O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Testosterone B-Chemical -was O -less O -than O -3 O -ng O -. O -/ O -ml O -. O -in O -107 O -patients O -but O -normal O -in O -40 O -% O -at O -repeat O -determination O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prevalence O -of O -repeatedly O -low O -testosterone B-Chemical -increased O -with O -age O -( O -4 O -% O -before O -age O -50 O -years O -and O -9 O -% O -50 O -years O -or O -older O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -pituitary O -tumors O -were O -discovered O -after O -testosterone B-Chemical -determination O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -of O -the O -other O -low O -testosterone B-Chemical -levels O -seemed O -to O -result O -from O -nonorganic O -hypothalamic O -dysfunction O -because O -of O -normal O -serum O -luteinizing O -hormone O -and O -prolactin O -and O -to O -have O -only O -a O -small O -role O -in O -erectile O -dysfunction O -( O -definite O -improvement O -in O -only O -16 O -of O -44 O -[ O -36 O -% O -] O -after O -androgen O -therapy O -, O -normal O -morning O -or O -nocturnal O -erections O -in O -30 O -% O -and O -definite O -vasculogenic O -contributions O -in O -42 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Determining O -testosterone B-Chemical -only O -in O -cases O -of O -low O -sexual O -desire O -or O -abnormal O -physical O -examination O -would O -have O -missed O -40 O -% O -of O -the O -cases O -with O -low O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -including O -37 O -% O -of O -those O -subsequently O -improved O -by O -androgen O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolactin O -exceeded O -20 O -ng O -. O -/ O -ml O -. O -in O -5 O -men O -and O -was O -normal O -in O -2 O -at O -repeat O -determination O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -1 O -prolactinoma O -was O -discovered O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -are O -lower O -than O -those O -we O -found O -during O -the O -last O -2 O -decades O -( O -overall O -prolactin O -greater O -than O -20 O -ng O -. O -/ O -ml O -. O -in O -1 O -. O -86 O -% O -of O -1 O -, O -821 O -patients O -, O -prolactinomas O -in O -7 O -, O -0 O -. O -38 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -was O -definitely O -effective O -in O -cases O -with O -prolactin O -greater O -than O -35 O -ng O -. O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -8 O -of O -12 O -compared O -to O -only O -9 O -of O -22 O -cases O -with O -prolactin O -between O -20 O -and O -35 O -ng O -. O -/ O -ml O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -was O -low O -in O -less O -than O -50 O -% O -of O -cases O -with O -prolactin O -greater O -than O -35 O -ng O -. O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Low O -prevalences O -and O -effects O -of O -low O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -high O -prolactin O -in O -erectile O -dysfunction O -cannot O -justify O -their O -routine O -determination O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -cost O -- O -effective O -screening O -strategies O -recommended O -so O -far O -missed O -40 O -to O -50 O -% O -of O -cases O -improved O -with O -endocrine O -therapy O -and O -the O -pituitary O -tumors O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -now O -advocate O -that O -before O -age O -50 O -years O -testosterone B-Chemical -be O -determined O -only O -in O -cases O -of O -low O -sexual O -desire O -and O -abnormal O -physical O -examination O -but O -that O -it O -be O -measured O -in O -all O -men O -older O -than O -50 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolactin O -should O -be O -determined O -only O -in O -cases O -of O -low O -sexual O -desire O -, O -gynecomastia O -and O -/ O -or O -testosterone B-Chemical -less O -than O -4 O -ng O -. O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Extrapyramidal O -side O -effects O -with O -risperidone B-Chemical -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -at O -comparable O -D2 O -receptor O -occupancy O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Risperidone B-Chemical -is O -an O -antipsychotic O -drug O -with O -high O -affinity O -at O -dopamine B-Chemical -D2 O -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT2 I-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -clinical O -studies O -have O -proposed O -that O -risperidone B-Chemical -' O -s O -pharmacologic O -profile O -may O -produce O -improved O -efficacy O -for O -negative O -psychotic O -symptoms O -and O -decreased O -propensity O -for O -extrapyramidal O -side O -effects O -; O -features O -shared O -by O -so O -- O -called O -' O -atypical O -' O -neuroleptics O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -determine O -if O -routine O -risperidone B-Chemical -treatment O -is O -associated O -with O -a O -unique O -degree O -of O -D2 O -receptor O -occupancy O -and O -pattern O -of O -clinical O -effects O -, O -we O -used O -[ O -123I O -] O -IBZM O -SPECT O -to O -determine O -D2 O -occupancy O -in O -subjects O -treated O -with O -routine O -clinical O -doses O -of O -risperidone B-Chemical -( O -n O -= O -12 O -) O -or O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -n O -= O -7 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -risperidone B-Chemical -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -produced O -D2 O -occupancy O -levels O -between O -approximately O -60 O -and O -90 O -% O -at O -standard O -clinical O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -significant O -difference O -between O -occupancy O -levels O -obtained O -with O -haloperidol B-Chemical -or O -risperidone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -- O -induced O -parkinsonism O -was O -observed O -in O -subjects O -treated O -with O -risperidone B-Chemical -( O -42 O -% O -) O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -29 O -% O -) O -and O -was O -observed O -at O -occupancy O -levels O -above O -60 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -these O -observations O -, O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -5 O -- O -HT2 O -blockade O -obtained O -with O -risperidone B-Chemical -at O -D2 O -occupancy O -rates O -of O -60 O -% O -and O -above O -does O -not O -appear O -to O -protect O -against O -the O -risk O -for O -extrapyramidal O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -previously O -treated O -metastatic O -breast O -cancer O -by O -mitoxantrone B-Chemical -and O -48 O -- O -hour O -continuous O -infusion O -of O -high O -- O -dose O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -and O -leucovorin B-Chemical -( O -MFL B-Chemical -) O -: O -low O -palliative O -benefit O -and O -high O -treatment O -- O -related O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -previously O -treated O -advanced O -breast O -cancer O -, O -there O -is O -no O -standard O -second O -- O -line O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Combination O -chemotherapy O -with O -mitoxantrone B-Chemical -, O -high O -- O -dose O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -) O -and O -leucovorin B-Chemical -( O -MFL B-Chemical -regimen I-Chemical -) O -had O -been O -reported O -as O -an O -effective O -and O -well O -tolerated O -regimen O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -October O -1993 O -to O -November O -1995 O -, O -we O -treated O -13 O -patients O -with O -previously O -chemotherapy O -- O -treated O -metastatic O -breast O -cancer O -by O -mitoxantrone B-Chemical -, O -12 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -, O -on O -day O -1 O -and O -continuous O -infusion O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -, O -3000 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -, O -together O -with O -leucovorin B-Chemical -, O -300 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -, O -for O -48 O -h O -from O -day O -1 O -to O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -course O -of O -chemotherapy O -was O -given O -every O -4 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -of O -these O -patients O -had O -more O -than O -two O -metastatic O -sites O -, O -with O -lung O -metastasis O -predominant O -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -patients O -had O -been O -treated O -with O -anthracycline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -patients O -had O -previously O -received O -radiotherapy O -and O -seven O -had O -received O -hormone O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Median O -number O -of O -courses O -of O -MFL B-Chemical -regimen I-Chemical -given O -was O -six O -and O -the O -median O -cumulative O -dose O -of O -mitoxantrone B-Chemical -was O -68 O -. O -35 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -patient O -had O -complete O -response O -, O -seven O -had O -stable O -disease O -, O -none O -had O -partial O -response O -and O -five O -had O -progressive O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -overall O -objective O -response O -rate O -was O -7 O -. O -6 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -median O -follow O -- O -up O -period O -was O -14 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Median O -survival O -was O -16 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Median O -progression O -- O -free O -survival O -was O -5 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -complete O -responder O -had O -relapse O -- O -free O -survival O -up O -to O -17 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Major O -toxicities O -were O -cardiotoxicity O -and O -leukopenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -patients O -were O -dead O -in O -the O -last O -follow O -- O -up O -; O -two O -of O -them O -died O -of O -treatment O -- O -related O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -MFL B-Chemical -regimen I-Chemical -achieves O -little O -palliative O -benefit O -and O -induces O -severe O -toxicity O -at O -a O -fairly O -high O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -this O -regimen O -to O -breast O -cancer O -patients O -who O -have O -been O -treated O -by O -chemotherapy O -and O -those O -with O -impaired O -heart O -function O -requires O -careful O -attention O -. O - -aps B-category -Ticlopidine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -aplastic O -anemia O -: O -report O -of O -three O -Chinese O -patients O -and O -review O -of O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -three O -Chinese O -patients O -with O -ticlopidine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -aplastic O -anemia O -were O -reported O -and O -another O -13 O -patients O -in O -the O -English O -literature O -were O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -attempted O -to O -find O -underlying O -similarities O -, O -evaluate O -the O -risk O -factors O -, O -and O -identify O -appropriate O -treatment O -for O -this O -complication O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -but O -one O -of O -the O -patients O -were O -over O -60 O -years O -old O -, O -and O -the O -6 O -who O -died O -were O -all O -older O -than O -65 O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -old O -age O -may O -be O -a O -risk O -factor O -for O -developing O -this O -complication O -. O - -aps B-category -Agranulocytosis O -occurred O -3 O -- O -20 O -weeks O -after O -initiation O -of O -ticlopidine B-Chemical -, O -so O -frequent O -examination O -of O -white O -cell O -count O -during O -treatment O -is O -recommended O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -seemed O -to O -be O -no O -direct O -correlation O -between O -the O -dose O -or O -duration O -used O -and O -the O -severity O -of O -bone O -marrow O -suppression O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -for O -ticlopidine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -aplastic O -anemia O -with O -colony O -- O -stimulating O -factors O -seemed O -to O -have O -little O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fact O -that O -5 O -of O -the O -6 O -patients O -who O -received O -concurrent O -calcium B-Chemical -channel O -blockers O -died O -, O -should O -alert O -clinicians O -to O -be O -more O -cautious O -when O -using O -these O -two O -drugs O -simultaneously O -. O - -aps B-category -Upregulation O -of O -the O -expression O -of O -vasopressin B-Chemical -gene O -in O -the O -paraventricular O -and O -supraoptic O -nuclei O -of O -the O -lithium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -diabetes O -insipidus O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -expression O -of O -arginine B-Chemical -vasopressin I-Chemical -( O -AVP B-Chemical -) O -gene O -in O -the O -paraventricular O -( O -PVN O -) O -and O -supraoptic O -nuclei O -( O -SON O -) O -was O -investigated O -in O -rats O -with O -lithium B-Chemical -( O -Li B-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -polyuria O -, O -using O -in O -situ O -hybridization O -histochemistry O -and O -radioimmunoassay O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -male O -Wistar O -rats O -consuming O -a O -diet O -that O -contained O -LiCl B-Chemical -( O -60 O -mmol O -/ O -kg O -) O -for O -4 O -weeks O -developed O -marked O -polyuria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Li B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -produced O -a O -large O -volume O -of O -hypotonic O -urine O -with O -low O -ionic O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -sodium B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -found O -to O -be O -slightly O -increased O -in O -the O -Li B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -compared O -with O -those O -in O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -concentration O -of O -AVP B-Chemical -and O -transcripts O -of O -AVP B-Chemical -gene O -in O -the O -PVN O -and O -SON O -were O -significantly O -increased O -in O -the O -Li B-Chemical -- O -treated O -rats O -compared O -with O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -dehydration O -and O -/ O -or O -the O -activation O -of O -visceral O -afferent O -inputs O -may O -contribute O -to O -the O -elevation O -of O -plasma O -AVP B-Chemical -and O -the O -upregulation O -of O -AVP B-Chemical -gene O -expression O -in O -the O -PVN O -and O -the O -SON O -of O -the O -Li B-Chemical -- O -induced O -diabetes O -insipidus O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Antinociceptive O -and O -antiamnesic O -properties O -of O -the O -presynaptic O -cholinergic O -amplifier O -PG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antinociceptive O -effect O -of O -3 B-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tropyl I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bromophenyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -propionate I-Chemical -[ O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -PG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -] O -( O -10 O -- O -40 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -s O -. O -c O -. O -; O -30 O -- O -60 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -p O -. O -o O -. O -; O -10 O -- O -30 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -i O -. O -v O -. O -; O -10 O -- O -30 O -micrograms O -/ O -mouse O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O -) O -was O -examined O -in O -mice O -, O -rats O -and O -guinea O -pigs O -by O -use O -of O -the O -hot O -- O -plate O -, O -abdominal O -- O -constriction O -, O -tail O -- O -flick O -and O -paw O -- O -pressure O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -PG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -antinociception O -peaked O -15 O -min O -after O -injection O -and O -then O -slowly O -diminished O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antinociception O -produced O -by O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -PG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -was O -prevented O -by O -the O -unselective O -muscarinic O -antagonist O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -the O -M1 O -- O -selective O -antagonists O -pirenzepine B-Chemical -and O -dicyclomine B-Chemical -and O -the O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -depletor O -hemicholinium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -by O -the O -opioid O -antagonist O -naloxone B-Chemical -, O -the O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acidB I-Chemical -antagonist O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopropyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diethoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphinic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -the O -H3 O -agonist O -R B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylhistamine I-Chemical -, O -the O -D2 O -antagonist O -quinpirole B-Chemical -, O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine4 I-Chemical -antagonist O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chlorobenzoic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -diethylamino I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -ethyl I-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -hydrochloride O -, O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamin1A I-Chemical -antagonist O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methoxyphenyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phthalimido I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -butyl I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -piperazine I-Chemical -hydrobromide O -and O -the O -polyamines O -depletor O -reserpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -these O -data O -, O -it O -can O -be O -postulated O -that O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -PG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -exerted O -an O -antinociceptive O -effect O -mediated O -by O -a O -central O -potentiation O -of O -cholinergic O -transmission O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -PG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -( O -10 O -- O -40 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -was O -able O -to O -prevent O -amnesia O -induced O -by O -scopolamine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -and O -dicyclomine B-Chemical -( O -2 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -in O -the O -mouse O -passive O -- O -avoidance O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Affinity O -profiles O -of O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -PG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -for O -muscarinic O -receptor O -subtypes O -, O -determined O -by O -functional O -studies O -( O -rabbit O -vas O -deferens O -for O -M1 O -, O -guinea O -pig O -atrium O -for O -M2 O -, O -guinea O -pig O -ileum O -for O -M3 O -and O -immature O -guinea O -pig O -uterus O -for O -putative O -M4 O -) O -, O -have O -shown O -an O -M4 O -/ O -M1 O -selectivity O -ratio O -of O -10 O -. O -2 O -that O -might O -be O -responsible O -for O -the O -antinociception O -and O -the O -anti O -- O -amnesic O -effect O -induced O -by O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -PG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -through O -an O -increase O -in O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -extracellular O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -antinociceptive O -and O -antiamnesic O -dose O -range O -, O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -PG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -did O -not O -impair O -mouse O -performance O -evaluated O -by O -the O -rota O -- O -rod O -test O -and O -Animex O -apparatus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -different O -anaesthetic O -agents O -in O -hearing O -loss O -following O -spinal O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cause O -of O -hearing O -loss O -after O -spinal O -anaesthesia O -is O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -Up O -until O -now O -, O -the O -only O -factor O -studied O -has O -been O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -diameter O -of O -the O -spinal O -needle O -on O -post O -- O -operative O -sensorineural O -hearing O -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -describe O -this O -hearing O -loss O -and O -to O -investigate O -other O -factors O -influencing O -the O -degree O -of O -hearing O -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -groups O -of O -22 O -similar O -patients O -were O -studied O -: O -one O -group O -received O -6 O -mL O -prilocaine B-Chemical -2 O -% O -; O -and O -the O -other O -received O -3 O -mL O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -given O -prilocaine B-Chemical -were O -more O -likely O -to O -develop O -hearing O -loss O -( O -10 O -out O -of O -22 O -) O -than O -those O -given O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -( O -4 O -out O -of O -22 O -) O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -hearing O -loss O -for O -speech O -frequencies O -was O -about O -10 O -dB O -after O -prilocaine B-Chemical -and O -15 O -dB O -after O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -patients O -complained O -of O -subjective O -hearing O -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -follow O -- O -up O -of O -the O -patients O -was O -not O -possible O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -transient O -neurological O -deficit O -following O -intrathecal O -injection O -of O -1 O -% O -hyperbaric O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -for O -unilateral O -spinal O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -case O -of O -transient O -neurological O -deficit O -that O -occurred O -after O -unilateral O -spinal O -anaesthesia O -with O -8 O -mg O -of O -1 O -% O -hyperbaric O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -slowly O -injected O -through O -a O -25 O -- O -gauge O -pencil O -- O -point O -spinal O -needle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -surgery O -and O -anaesthesia O -were O -uneventful O -, O -but O -3 O -days O -after O -surgery O -, O -the O -patient O -reported O -an O -area O -of O -hypoaesthesia O -over O -L3 O -- O -L4 O -dermatomes O -of O -the O -leg O -which O -had O -been O -operated O -on O -( O -loss O -of O -pinprick O -sensation O -) O -without O -reduction O -in O -muscular O -strength O -. O - -aps B-category -Sensation O -in O -this O -area O -returned O -to O -normal O -over O -the O -following O -2 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Prospective O -multicentre O -studies O -with O -a O -large O -population O -and O -a O -long O -follow O -- O -up O -should O -be O -performed O -in O -order O -to O -evaluate O -the O -incidence O -of O -this O -unusual O -side O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -we O -suggest O -that O -a O -low O -solution O -concentration O -should O -be O -preferred O -for O -unilateral O -spinal O -anaesthesia O -with O -a O -hyperbaric O -anaesthetic O -solution O -( O -if O -pencil O -- O -point O -needle O -and O -slow O -injection O -rate O -are O -employed O -) O -, O -in O -order O -to O -minimize O -the O -risk O -of O -a O -localized O -high O -peak O -anaesthetic O -concentration O -, O -which O -might O -lead O -to O -a O -transient O -neurological O -deficit O -. O - -aps B-category -Transient O -neurologic O -symptoms O -after O -spinal O -anesthesia O -: O -a O -lower O -incidence O -with O -prilocaine B-Chemical -and O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -than O -with O -lidocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -Recent O -evidence O -suggests O -that O -transient O -neurologic O -symptoms O -( O -TNSs O -) O -frequently O -follow O -lidocaine B-Chemical -spinal O -anesthesia O -but O -are O -infrequent O -with O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -identification O -of O -a O -short O -- O -acting O -local O -anesthetic O -to O -substitute O -for O -lidocaine B-Chemical -for O -brief O -surgical O -procedures O -remains O -an O -important O -goal O -. O - -aps B-category -Prilocaine B-Chemical -is O -an O -amide O -local O -anesthetic O -with O -a O -duration O -of O -action O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Accordingly O -, O -the O -present O -, O -prospective O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -compares O -prilocaine B-Chemical -with O -lidocaine B-Chemical -and O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -with O -respect O -to O -duration O -of O -action O -and O -relative O -risk O -of O -TNSs O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Ninety O -patients O -classified O -as O -American O -Society O -of O -Anesthesiologists O -physical O -status O -I O -or O -II O -who O -were O -scheduled O -for O -short O -gynecologic O -procedures O -under O -spinal O -anesthesia O -were O -randomly O -allocated O -to O -receive O -2 O -. O -5 O -ml O -2 O -% O -lidocaine B-Chemical -in O -7 O -. O -5 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -2 O -% O -prilocaine B-Chemical -in O -7 O -. O -5 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -or O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -in O -7 O -. O -5 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -solutions O -were O -provided O -in O -blinded O -vials O -by O -the O -hospital O -pharmacy O -. O - -aps B-category -Details O -of O -spinal O -puncture O -, O -extension O -and O -regression O -of O -spinal O -block O -, O -and O -the O -times O -to O -reach O -discharge O -criteria O -were O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -evening O -of O -postoperative O -day O -1 O -, O -patients O -were O -evaluated O -for O -TNSs O -by O -a O -physician O -unaware O -of O -the O -drug O -administered O -and O -the O -details O -of O -the O -anesthetic O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -Nine O -of O -30 O -patients O -receiving O -lidocaine B-Chemical -experienced O -TNSs O -, O -1 O -of O -30 O -patients O -receiving O -prilocaine B-Chemical -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -03 O -) O -had O -them O -, O -and O -none O -of O -30 O -patients O -receiving O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -had O -TNSs O -. O - -aps B-category -Times O -to O -ambulate O -and O -to O -void O -were O -similar O -after O -lidocaine B-Chemical -and O -prilocaine B-Chemical -( O -150 O -vs O -. O -165 O -min O -and O -238 O -vs O -. O -253 O -min O -, O -respectively O -) O -but O -prolonged O -after O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -( O -200 O -and O -299 O -min O -, O -respectively O -; O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -Prilocaine B-Chemical -may O -be O -preferable O -to O -lidocaine B-Chemical -for O -short O -surgical O -procedures O -because O -it O -has O -a O -similar O -duration O -of O -action O -but O -a O -lower O -incidence O -of O -TNSs O -. O - -aps B-category -Suxamethonium B-Chemical -- O -induced O -cardiac O -arrest O -and O -death O -following O -5 O -days O -of O -immobilization O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -report O -describes O -a O -case O -of O -cardiac O -arrest O -and O -subsequent O -death O -as O -a O -result O -of O -hyperkalaemia O -following O -the O -use O -of O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -in O -a O -23 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -Malawian O -woman O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -days O -after O -the O -onset O -of O -the O -symptoms O -of O -meningitis O -, O -the O -patient O -aspirated O -stomach O -contents O -and O -needed O -endotracheal O -intubation O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -seconds O -after O -injection O -of O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -, O -bradycardia O -and O -cardiac O -arrest O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -Attempts O -to O -resuscitate O -the O -patient O -were O -not O -successful O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serum O -level O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -was O -observed O -to O -be O -8 O -. O -4 O -mequiv O -L O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Apart O -from O -the O -reduction O -in O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -level O -of O -consciousness O -, O -there O -were O -no O -signs O -of O -motor O -neurone O -damage O -or O -of O -any O -of O -the O -other O -known O -predisposing O -conditions O -for O -hyperkalaemia O -following O -the O -administration O -of O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -postulated O -that O -her O -death O -was O -caused O -by O -hypersensitivity O -to O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -, O -associated O -with O -her O -5 O -- O -day O -immobilization O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -hepatitis O -, O -autoimmune O -hemolytic O -anemia O -, O -and O -erythroblastocytopenia O -induced O -by O -ceftriaxone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -80 O -- O -yr O -- O -old O -man O -developed O -acute O -hepatitis O -shortly O -after O -ingesting O -oral O -ceftriaxone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -transaminases O -gradually O -returned O -to O -baseline O -after O -withholding O -the O -beta B-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotic O -, O -there O -was O -a O -gradual O -increase O -in O -serum O -bilirubin B-Chemical -and O -a O -decrease O -in O -hemoglobin O -concentration O -caused O -by O -an O -autoimmune O -hemolytic O -anemia O -and O -erythroblastocytopenia O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -responded O -to O -systemic O -steroids B-Chemical -and O -immunoglobulins O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -the O -widespread O -use O -of O -these O -agents O -this O -triad O -of O -side O -effects O -has O -not O -previously O -been O -reported O -in O -connection O -with O -beta B-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -Thyroxine B-Chemical -abuse O -: O -an O -unusual O -case O -of O -thyrotoxicosis O -in O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Eating O -disorders O -and O -the O -associated O -behavioural O -problems O -and O -drug O -abuse O -are O -uncommon O -in O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -they O -do O -occur O -they O -are O -often O -unrecognized O -because O -of O -denial O -but O -when O -significant O -may O -pose O -a O -risk O -to O -both O -the O -mother O -and O -her O -fetus O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -illustrates O -a O -number O -of O -problems O -that O -may O -be O -encountered O -in O -women O -with O -eating O -disorders O -in O -pregnancy O -, O -including O -prolonged O -and O -recurrent O -metabolic O -disturbances O -and O -diuretic O -abuse O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -particular O -it O -illustrates O -the O -derangements O -of O -thyroid O -function O -seen O -in O -pregnant O -women O -with O -eating O -disorders O -and O -reminds O -us O -that O -when O -a O -cause O -for O -thyrotoxicosis O -remains O -obscure O -, O -thyroxine B-Chemical -abuse O -should O -be O -considered O -and O -explored O -. O - -aps B-category -Repeated O -trimipramine B-Chemical -induces O -dopamine B-Chemical -D2 O -/ O -D3 O -and O -alpha1 O -- O -adrenergic O -up O -- O -regulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Trimipramine B-Chemical -( O -TRI B-Chemical -) O -, O -which O -shows O -a O -clinical O -antidepressant B-Chemical -activity O -, O -is O -chemically O -related O -to O -imipramine B-Chemical -but O -does O -not O -inhibit O -the O -reuptake O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -, O -nor O -does O -it O -induce O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -down O -- O -regulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -its O -antidepressant B-Chemical -activity O -is O -still O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -the O -present O -study O -was O -to O -find O -out O -whether O -TRI B-Chemical -given O -repeatedly O -was O -able O -to O -induce O -adaptive O -changes O -in O -the O -dopaminergic O -and O -alpha1 O -- O -adrenergic O -systems O -, O -demonstrated O -by O -us O -previously O -for O -various O -antidepressants B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -TRI B-Chemical -was O -given O -to O -male O -Wistar O -rats O -and O -male O -Albino O -Swiss O -mice O -perorally O -twice O -daily O -for O -14 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -acute O -experiment O -TRI B-Chemical -( O -given O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -does O -not O -antagonize O -the O -reserpine B-Chemical -hypothermia O -in O -mice O -and O -does O -not O -potentiate O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -head O -twitches O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -TRI B-Chemical -given O -repeatedly O -to O -rats O -increases O -the O -locomotor O -hyperactivity O -induced O -by O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -, O -quinpirole B-Chemical -and O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -7 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -dipropyloaminotetralin O -( O -dopamine B-Chemical -D2 O -and O -D3 O -effects O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stereotypies O -induced O -by O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -or O -apomorphine B-Chemical -are O -not O -potentiated O -by O -TRI B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -increases O -the O -behaviour O -stimulation O -evoked O -by O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -( O -given O -intraventricularly O -) O -in O -rats O -, O -evaluated O -in O -the O -open O -field O -test O -as O -well O -as O -the O -aggressiveness O -evoked O -by O -clonidine B-Chemical -in O -mice O -, O -both O -these O -effects O -being O -mediated O -by O -an O -alpha1 O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -may O -be O -concluded O -that O -, O -like O -other O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -studied O -previously O -, O -TRI B-Chemical -given O -repeatedly O -increases O -the O -responsiveness O -of O -brain O -dopamine B-Chemical -D2 O -and O -D3 O -( O -locomotor O -activity O -but O -not O -stereotypy O -) O -as O -well O -as O -alpha1 O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -to O -their O -agonists O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -question O -arises O -whether O -the O -reuptake O -inhibition O -is O -of O -any O -importance O -to O -the O -adaptive O -changes O -induced O -by O -repeated O -antidepressants B-Chemical -, O -suggested O -to O -be O -responsible O -for O -the O -antidepressant B-Chemical -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Pethidine B-Chemical -- O -associated O -seizure O -in O -a O -healthy O -adolescent O -receiving O -pethidine B-Chemical -for O -postoperative O -pain O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -healthy O -17 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -male O -received O -standard O -intermittent O -doses O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -via O -a O -patient O -- O -controlled O -analgesia O -( O -PCA O -) O -pump O -for O -management O -of O -postoperative O -pain O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -three O -h O -postoperatively O -he O -developed O -a O -brief O -self O -- O -limited O -seizure O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -plasma O -pethidine B-Chemical -and O -norpethidine B-Chemical -were O -elevated O -in O -the O -range O -associated O -with O -clinical O -manifestations O -of O -central O -nervous O -system O -excitation O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -other O -risk O -factors O -for O -CNS O -toxicity O -were O -identified O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -method O -allowed O -frequent O -self O -- O -dosing O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -at O -short O -time O -intervals O -and O -rapid O -accumulation O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -and O -norpethidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -routine O -use O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -via O -PCA O -even O -for O -a O -brief O -postoperative O -analgesia O -should O -be O -reconsidered O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -unusual O -toxic O -reaction O -to O -axillary O -block O -by O -mepivacaine B-Chemical -with O -adrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increase O -in O -blood O -pressure O -, O -accompanied O -by O -atrial O -fibrillation O -, O -agitation O -, O -incomprehensible O -shouts O -and O -loss O -of O -consciousness O -, O -was O -observed O -in O -an O -elderly O -, O -ASA O -classification O -group O -II O -, O -cardiovascularly O -medicated O -male O -, O -12 O -min O -after O -performance O -of O -axillary O -block O -with O -mepivacaine B-Chemical -850 O -mg O -containing O -adrenaline B-Chemical -0 O -. O -225 O -mg O -, O -for O -correction O -of O -Dupuytren O -' O -s O -contracture O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -midazolam B-Chemical -the O -patient O -' O -s O -condition O -improved O -, O -and O -15 O -min O -later O -he O -woke O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -block O -was O -successful O -and O -surgery O -was O -conducted O -as O -scheduled O -despite O -persisting O -atrial O -fibrillation O -. O - -aps B-category -Postoperatively O -, O -the O -patient O -refused O -DC O -cardioversion O -and O -was O -treated O -medically O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -the O -temporal O -relationship O -of O -events O -and O -the O -response O -to O -treatment O -suggest O -that O -a O -rapid O -systemic O -absorption O -of O -mepivacaine B-Chemical -with O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -interaction O -of O -these O -drugs O -with O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -cardiovascular O -medications O -were O -responsible O -for O -the O -perioperative O -complications O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -- O -associated O -acute O -- O -onset O -vanishing O -bile O -duct O -and O -Stevens O -- O -Johnson O -syndromes O -in O -a O -child O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -vanishing O -bile O -duct O -syndrome O -is O -a O -rare O -but O -established O -cause O -of O -progressive O -cholestasis O -in O -adults O -, O -is O -most O -often O -drug O -or O -toxin O -related O -, O -and O -is O -of O -unknown O -pathogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -not O -been O -reported O -previously O -in O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -Stevens O -- O -Johnson O -syndrome O -is O -a O -well O -- O -recognized O -immune O -complex O -- O -mediated O -hypersensitivity O -reaction O -that O -affects O -all O -age O -groups O -, O -is O -drug O -or O -infection O -induced O -, O -and O -has O -classic O -systemic O -, O -mucosal O -, O -and O -dermatologic O -manifestations O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -previously O -healthy O -child O -who O -developed O -acute O -, O -severe O -, O -rapidly O -progressive O -vanishing O -bile O -duct O -syndrome O -shortly O -after O -Stevens O -- O -Johnson O -syndrome O -is O -described O -; O -this O -was O -temporally O -associated O -with O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -therapy O -with O -ursodeoxycholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -prednisone B-Chemical -, O -and O -then O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -, O -her O -cholestatic O -disease O -was O -unrelenting O -, O -with O -cirrhosis O -shown O -by O -biopsy O -6 O -months O -after O -presentation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -documents O -acute O -drug O -- O -related O -vanishing O -bile O -duct O -syndrome O -in O -the O -pediatric O -age O -group O -and O -suggests O -shared O -immune O -mechanisms O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -both O -Stevens O -- O -Johnson O -syndrome O -and O -vanishing O -bile O -duct O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -incidence O -of O -primary O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -associated O -with O -appetite B-Chemical -suppressants I-Chemical -in O -Belgium O -. O - -aps B-category -Primary O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -is O -a O -rare O -, O -progressive O -and O -incurable O -disease O -, O -which O -has O -been O -associated O -with O -the O -intake O -of O -appetite B-Chemical -suppressant I-Chemical -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -importance O -of O -this O -association O -was O -evaluated O -in O -Belgium O -while O -this O -country O -still O -had O -no O -restriction O -on O -the O -prescription O -of O -appetite B-Chemical -suppressants I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -five O -patients O -with O -primary O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -and O -85 O -matched O -controls O -were O -recruited O -over O -32 O -months O -( O -1992 O -- O -1994 O -) O -in O -Belgium O -. O - -aps B-category -Exposure O -to O -appetite B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -suppressants I-Chemical -was O -assessed O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -hospital O -records O -and O -standardized O -interview O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -three O -of O -the O -patients O -had O -previously O -taken O -appetite B-Chemical -suppressants I-Chemical -, O -mainly O -fenfluramines B-Chemical -, O -as O -compared O -with O -only O -5 O -of O -the O -controls O -( O -66 O -versus O -6 O -% O -, O -p O -< O -0 O -. O -0001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -patients O -died O -before O -the O -interview O -, O -all O -of O -them O -had O -taken O -appetite B-Chemical -suppressants I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -8 O -patients O -the O -diagnosis O -of O -primary O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -was O -uncertain O -, O -5 O -of O -them O -had O -taken O -appetite B-Chemical -suppressants I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -who O -had O -been O -exposed O -to O -appetite B-Chemical -suppressants I-Chemical -tended O -to O -be O -on O -average O -more O -severely O -ill O -, O -and O -to O -have O -a O -shorter O -median O -delay O -between O -onset O -of O -symptoms O -and O -diagnosis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -policy O -of O -unrestricted O -prescription O -of O -appetite B-Chemical -suppressants I-Chemical -may O -lead O -to O -a O -high O -incidence O -of O -associated O -primary O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Intake O -of O -appetite B-Chemical -suppressants I-Chemical -may O -accelerate O -the O -progression O -of O -the O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Inappropriate O -use O -of O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -and O -vigabatrin B-Chemical -in O -typical O -absence O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbamazepine B-Chemical -and O -vigabatrin B-Chemical -are O -contraindicated O -in O -typical O -absence O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -18 O -consecutive O -referrals O -of O -children O -with O -resistant O -typical O -absences O -only O -, O -eight O -were O -erroneously O -treated O -with O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -either O -as O -monotherapy O -or O -as O -an O -add O -- O -on O -. O - -aps B-category -Vigabatrin B-Chemical -was O -also O -used O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -two O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -Frequency O -of O -absences O -increased O -in O -four O -children O -treated O -with O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -and O -two O -of O -these O -developed O -myoclonic O -jerks O -, O -which O -resolved O -on O -withdrawal O -of O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Absences O -were O -aggravated O -in O -both O -cases O -where O -vigabatrin B-Chemical -was O -added O -on O -to O -concurrent O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -control O -of O -the O -absences O -was O -achieved O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -valproate I-Chemical -, O -lamotrigine B-Chemical -, O -or O -ethosuximide B-Chemical -alone O -or O -in O -combination O -. O - -aps B-category -Choreoathetoid O -movements O -associated O -with O -rapid O -adjustment O -to O -methadone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Choreatiform O -hyperkinesias O -are O -known O -to O -be O -occasional O -movement O -abnormalities O -during O -intoxications O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -but O -not O -opiates O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -a O -case O -report O -of O -euphoria O -and O -choreoathetoid O -movements O -both O -transiently O -induced O -by O -rapid O -adjustment O -to O -the O -selective O -mu O -- O -opioid O -receptor O -agonist O -methadone B-Chemical -in O -an O -inpatient O -previously O -abusing O -heroine B-Chemical -and O -cocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -minor O -EEG O -abnormalities O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -underlying O -neurobiological O -phenomena O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -effects O -of O -the O -atypical O -antipsychotics O -. O - -aps B-category -Collaborative O -Working O -Group O -on O -Clinical O -Trial O -Evaluations O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -effects O -of O -antipsychotics O -often O -lead O -to O -noncompliance O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -clinicians O -should O -address O -patients O -' O -concerns O -about O -adverse O -effects O -and O -attempt O -to O -choose O -medications O -that O -will O -improve O -their O -patients O -' O -quality O -of O -life O -as O -well O -as O -overall O -health O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -side O -effect O -profiles O -of O -the O -atypical O -antipsychotics O -are O -more O -advantageous O -than O -those O -of O -the O -conventional O -neuroleptics O -. O - -aps B-category -Conventional O -agents O -are O -associated O -with O -unwanted O -central O -nervous O -system O -effects O -, O -including O -extrapyramidal O -symptoms O -( O -EPS O -) O -, O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -, O -sedation O -, O -and O -possible O -impairment O -of O -some O -cognitive O -measures O -, O -as O -well O -as O -cardiac O -effects O -, O -orthostatic O -hypotension O -, O -hepatic O -changes O -, O -anticholinergic O -side O -effects O -, O -sexual O -dysfunction O -, O -and O -weight O -gain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -newer O -atypical O -agents O -have O -a O -lower O -risk O -of O -EPS O -, O -but O -are O -associated O -in O -varying O -degrees O -with O -sedation O -, O -cardiovascular O -effects O -, O -anticholinergic O -effects O -, O -weight O -gain O -, O -sexual O -dysfunction O -, O -hepatic O -effects O -, O -lowered O -seizure O -threshold O -( O -primarily O -clozapine B-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -agranulocytosis O -( O -clozapine B-Chemical -only O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -incidence O -and O -severity O -of O -specific O -adverse O -effects O -differ O -among O -the O -various O -atypicals O -, O -the O -clinician O -should O -carefully O -consider O -which O -side O -effects O -are O -most O -likely O -to O -lead O -to O -the O -individual O -' O -s O -dissatisfaction O -and O -noncompliance O -before O -choosing O -an O -antipsychotic O -for O -a O -particular O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -randomized O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -dose O -- O -comparison O -trial O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -for O -psychosis O -and O -disruptive O -behaviors O -in O -Alzheimer O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -OBJECTIVE O -: O -The O -goal O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -compare O -the O -efficacy O -and O -side O -effects O -of O -two O -doses O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -placebo O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -psychosis O -and O -disruptive O -behaviors O -in O -patients O -with O -Alzheimer O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -METHOD O -: O -In O -a O -6 O -- O -week O -random O -- O -assignment O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -trial O -( O -phase O -A O -) O -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -2 O -- O -3 O -mg O -/ O -day O -( O -standard O -dose O -) O -, O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -50 O -- O -0 O -. O -75 O -mg O -/ O -day O -( O -low O -dose O -) O -, O -were O -compared O -in O -71 O -outpatients O -with O -Alzheimer O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -the O -subsequent O -6 O -- O -week O -double O -- O -blind O -crossover O -phase O -( O -phase O -B O -) O -, O -patients O -taking O -standard O -- O -or O -low O -- O -dose O -haloperidol B-Chemical -were O -switched O -to O -placebo O -, O -and O -patients O -taking O -placebo O -were O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -standard O -- O -or O -low O -- O -dose O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -For O -the O -60 O -patients O -who O -completed O -phase O -A O -, O -standard O -- O -dose O -haloperidol B-Chemical -was O -efficacious O -and O -superior O -to O -both O -low O -- O -dose O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -placebo O -for O -scores O -on O -the O -Brief O -Psychiatric O -Rating O -Scale O -psychosis O -factor O -and O -on O -psychomotor O -agitation O -. O - -aps B-category -Response O -rates O -according O -to O -three O -sets O -of O -criteria O -were O -greater O -with O -the O -standard O -dose O -( O -55 O -% O -- O -60 O -% O -) O -than O -the O -low O -dose O -( O -25 O -% O -- O -35 O -% O -) O -and O -placebo O -( O -25 O -% O -- O -30 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -advantage O -of O -standard O -dose O -over O -low O -dose O -was O -replicated O -in O -phase O -B O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -phase O -A O -, O -extrapyramidal O -signs O -tended O -to O -be O -greater O -with O -the O -standard O -dose O -than O -in O -the O -other O -two O -conditions O -, O -primarily O -because O -of O -a O -subgroup O -( O -20 O -% O -) O -who O -developed O -moderate O -to O -severe O -signs O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -- O -dose O -haloperidol B-Chemical -did O -not O -differ O -from O -placebo O -on O -any O -measure O -of O -efficacy O -or O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -The O -results O -indicated O -a O -favorable O -therapeutic O -profile O -for O -haloperidol B-Chemical -in O -doses O -of O -2 O -- O -3 O -mg O -/ O -day O -, O -although O -a O -subgroup O -developed O -moderate O -to O -severe O -extrapyramidal O -signs O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -starting O -dose O -of O -1 O -mg O -/ O -day O -with O -gradual O -, O -upward O -dose O -titration O -is O -recommended O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -narrow O -therapeutic O -window O -observed O -with O -haloperidol B-Chemical -may O -also O -apply O -to O -other O -neuroleptics O -used O -in O -Alzheimer O -' O -s O -disease O -patients O -with O -psychosis O -and O -disruptive O -behaviors O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -, O -and O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -on O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- O -induced O -myocardial O -injury O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -reproducible O -model O -for O -producing O -diffuse O -myocardial O -injury O -( O -epinephrine B-Chemical -infusion O -) O -has O -been O -developed O -to O -study O -the O -cardioprotective O -effects O -of O -agents O -or O -maneuvers O -which O -might O -alter O -the O -evolution O -of O -acute O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Infusions O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -( O -4 O -mug O -per O -kilogram O -per O -minute O -for O -6 O -hours O -) O -increased O -radiocalcium B-Chemical -uptakes O -into O -intact O -myocardium O -and O -each O -of O -its O -subcellular O -components O -with O -the O -mitochondrial O -fraction O -showing O -the O -most O -consistent O -changes O -when O -compared O -to O -saline O -- O -infused O -control O -animals O -( O -4 O -, O -957 O -vs O -. O -827 O -counts O -per O -minute O -per O -gram O -of O -dried O -tissue O -or O -fraction O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Myocardial O -concentrations O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -also O -increased O -significantly O -( O -12 O -. O -0 O -vs O -. O -5 O -. O -0 O -mg O -. O -per O -100 O -Gm O -. O -of O -fat O -- O -free O -dry O -weight O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Infusions O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -sufficient O -to O -raise O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -2 O -mEq O -. O -per O -liter O -failed O -to O -increase O -calcium B-Chemical -influx O -into O -the O -myocardial O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -Mitochondrial O -radiocalcium B-Chemical -uptakes O -were O -significantly O -decreased O -in O -animals O -pretreated O -with O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -or O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -or O -when O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -was O -added O -to O -the O -epinephrine B-Chemical -infusion O -( O -2 O -, O -682 O -, O -2 O -, O -803 O -, O -and O -3 O -, O -424 O -counts O -per O -minute O -per O -gram O -of O -dried O -fraction O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Myocardial O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -also O -were O -decreased O -( O -11 O -. O -2 O -, O -8 O -. O -3 O -, O -and O -8 O -. O -9 O -mg O -. O -per O -100 O -Gm O -. O -of O -fat O -- O -free O -dry O -weight O -, O -respectively O -) O -in O -the O -three O -treatment O -groups O -, O -being O -significantly O -decreased O -only O -in O -the O -last O -two O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -of O -microscopic O -damage O -was O -graded O -as O -less O -severe O -in O -the O -three O -treatment O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -, O -and O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -all O -appear O -to O -have O -cardioprotective O -effects O -when O -tested O -in O -this O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -and O -histopathologic O -examination O -of O -renal O -allografts O -treated O -with O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -( O -FK506 B-Chemical -) O -for O -at O -least O -one O -year O -. O - -aps B-category -BACKGROUND O -: O -We O -clinically O -and O -pathologically O -analyzed O -renal O -allografts O -from O -1 O -9 O -renal O -transplant O -patients O -treated O -with O -tacrolimus B-Chemical -( O -FK506 B-Chemical -) O -for O -more O -than O -1 O -year O -. O - -aps B-category -METHODS O -: O -Twenty O -- O -six O -renal O -allograft O -biopsy O -specimens O -from O -1 O -9 O -renal O -transplant O -patients O -who O -underwent O -transplantations O -between O -1991 O -and O -1993 O -were O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirteen O -biopsies O -were O -performed O -from O -stable O -functioning O -renal O -allografts O -with O -informed O -consent O -( O -nonepisode O -biopsy O -) O -and O -the O -other O -13 O -were O -from O -dysfunctional O -renal O -allografts O -with O -a O -clinical O -indication O -for O -biopsy O -( O -episode O -biopsy O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -RESULTS O -: O -The O -main O -pathologic O -diagnoses O -( O -some O -overlap O -) O -were O -acute O -rejection O -( O -AR O -; O -n O -= O -4 O -) O -, O -chronic O -rejection O -( O -CR O -; O -n O -= O -5 O -) O -, O -AR O -+ O -CR O -( O -n O -= O -4 O -) O -, O -recurrent O -IgA O -nephropathy O -( O -n O -= O -5 O -) O -, O -normal O -findings O -( O -n O -= O -2 O -) O -, O -minimal O -- O -type O -chronic O -FK506 B-Chemical -nephropathy O -( O -n O -= O -9 O -) O -, O -and O -mild O -- O -type O -FK506 B-Chemical -nephropathy O -( O -n O -= O -11 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -nonepisode O -biopsies O -, O -7 O -and O -4 O -biopsies O -showed O -minimal O -- O -type O -and O -mild O -- O -type O -chronic O -FK506 B-Chemical -nephropathy O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -FK506 B-Chemical -nephropathy O -consisted O -of O -rough O -and O -foamy O -tubular O -vacuolization O -( O -5 O -biopsies O -) O -, O -arteriolopathy O -( O -angiodegeneration O -of O -the O -arteriolar O -wall O -; O -20 O -biopsies O -) O -, O -focal O -segmental O -glomerulosclerosis O -( O -4 O -biopsies O -) O -and O -the O -striped O -form O -of O -interstitial O -fibrosis O -( O -11 O -biopsies O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -levels O -of O -patients O -in O -the O -mild O -- O -type O -chronic O -FK506 B-Chemical -nephropathy O -group O -, O -which O -included O -7 O -episode O -biopsies O -, O -were O -statistically O -higher O -than O -those O -in O -the O -minimum O -- O -type O -chronic O -FK506 B-Chemical -- O -nephropathy O -group O -( O -P O -< O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CONCLUSIONS O -: O -This O -study O -demonstrates O -that O -chronic O -FK506 B-Chemical -nephropathy O -consists O -primarily O -of O -arteriolopathy O -manifesting O -as O -insudative O -hyalinosis O -of O -the O -arteriolar O -wall O -, O -and O -suggests O -that O -mild O -- O -type O -chronic O -FK506 B-Chemical -nephropathy O -is O -a O -condition O -which O -may O -lead O -to O -deterioration O -of O -renal O -allograft O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Different O -lobular O -distributions O -of O -altered O -hepatocyte O -tight O -junctions O -in O -rat O -models O -of O -intrahepatic O -and O -extrahepatic O -cholestasis O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatocyte O -tight O -junctions O -( O -TJs O -) O -, O -the O -only O -intercellular O -barrier O -between O -the O -sinusoidal O -and O -the O -canalicular O -spaces O -, O -play O -a O -key O -role O -in O -bile O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -hepatocyte O -TJs O -are O -impaired O -in O -cholestasis O -, O -attempts O -to O -localize O -the O -precise O -site O -of O -hepatocyte O -TJ O -damage O -by O -freeze O -- O -fracture O -electron O -microscopy O -have O -produced O -limited O -information O -. O - -aps B-category -Recently O -, O -several O -TJ O -- O -associated O -proteins O -like O -ZO O -- O -1 O -and O -7H6 O -have O -been O -identified O -and O -characterized O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunolocalization O -of O -7H6 O -appears O -to O -closely O -correlate O -with O -paracellular O -permeability O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -used O -rat O -models O -of O -intrahepatic O -cholestasis O -by O -ethinyl B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -( O -EE B-Chemical -) O -treatment O -and O -extrahepatic O -cholestasis O -by O -bile O -duct O -ligation O -( O -BDL O -) O -to O -precisely O -determine O -the O -site O -of O -TJ O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -Alterations O -in O -hepatocyte O -TJs O -were O -assessed O -by O -double O -- O -immunolabeling O -for O -7H6 O -and O -ZO O -- O -1 O -using O -a O -confocal O -laser O -scanning O -microscope O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -control O -rats O -, O -immunostaining O -for O -7H6 O -and O -ZO O -- O -1 O -colocalized O -to O -outline O -bile O -canaliculi O -in O -a O -continuous O -fashion O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast O -, O -7H6 O -and O -ZO O -- O -1 O -immunostaining O -was O -more O -discontinuous O -, O -outlining O -the O -bile O -canaliculi O -after O -BDL O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunostaining O -for O -7H6 O -, O -not O -ZO O -- O -1 O -, O -decreased O -and O -predominantly O -appeared O -as O -discrete O -signals O -in O -the O -submembranous O -cytoplasm O -of O -periportal O -hepatocytes O -after O -BDL O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -EE B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -changes O -in O -immunostaining O -for O -7H6 O -and O -ZO O -- O -1 O -were O -similar O -to O -those O -seen O -in O -periportal O -hepatocytes O -after O -BDL O -, O -but O -distributed O -more O -diffusely O -throughout O -the O -lobule O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -is O -the O -first O -to O -demonstrate O -that O -impairment O -of O -hepatocyte O -TJs O -occurs O -heterogenously O -in O -the O -liver O -lobule O -after O -BDL O -and O -suggests O -that O -BDL O -and O -EE B-Chemical -treatments O -produce O -different O -lobular O -distributions O -of O -increased O -paracellular O -permeability O -. O - -aps B-category -Memory O -facilitation O -and O -stimulation O -of O -endogenous O -nerve O -growth O -factor O -synthesis O -by O -the O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -releaser O -PG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -PG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -( O -3alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tropyl I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bromophenyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -propionate I-Chemical -) O -, O -the O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -releaser O -, O -on O -memory O -processes O -and O -nerve O -growth O -factor O -( O -NGF O -) O -synthesis O -were O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -mouse O -passive O -- O -avoidance O -test O -, O -PG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -( O -10 O -- O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -, O -administered O -20 O -min O -before O -the O -training O -session O -, O -prevented O -amnesia O -induced O -by O -both O -the O -non O -selective O -antimuscarinic O -drug O -scopolamine B-Chemical -and O -the O -M1 O -- O -selective O -antagonist O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ET I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -126 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -same O -experimental O -conditions O -, O -PG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -( O -5 O -- O -20 O -microg O -per O -mouse O -, O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O -) O -was O -also O -able O -to O -prevent O -antimuscarine O -- O -induced O -amnesia O -, O -demonstrating O -a O -central O -localization O -of O -the O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -highest O -effective O -doses O -, O -PG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -did O -not O -produce O -any O -collateral O -symptoms O -as O -revealed O -by O -the O -Irwin O -test O -, O -and O -it O -did O -not O -modify O -spontaneous O -motility O -and O -inspection O -activity O -, O -as O -revealed O -by O -the O -hole O -- O -board O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -PG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -was O -also O -able O -to O -increase O -the O -amount O -of O -NGF O -secreted O -in O -vitro O -by O -astrocytes O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximal O -NGF O -contents O -obtained O -by O -PG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -were O -17 O -. O -6 O -- O -fold O -of O -the O -control O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -culture O -, O -no O -morphological O -changes O -were O -found O -at O -effective O -concentrations O -of O -PG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -current O -work O -indicates O -the O -ability O -of O -PG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -to O -induce O -beneficial O -effects O -on O -cognitive O -processes O -and O -stimulate O -activity O -of O -NGF O -synthesis O -in O -astroglial O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -PG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -could O -represent O -a O -potential O -useful O -drug O -able O -to O -improve O -the O -function O -of O -impaired O -cognitive O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanisms O -of O -FK B-Chemical -506 I-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -- O -Tacrolimus B-Chemical -( O -FK B-Chemical -506 I-Chemical -) O -is O -a O -powerful O -, O -widely O -used O -immunosuppressant O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -utility O -of O -FK B-Chemical -506 I-Chemical -is O -complicated O -by O -substantial O -hypertension O -and O -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -clarify O -the O -mechanisms O -of O -FK B-Chemical -506 I-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -, O -we O -studied O -the O -chronic O -effects O -of O -FK B-Chemical -506 I-Chemical -on O -the O -synthesis O -of O -endothelin O -- O -1 O -( O -ET O -- O -1 O -) O -, O -the O -expression O -of O -mRNA O -of O -ET O -- O -1 O -and O -endothelin O -- O -converting O -enzyme O -- O -1 O -( O -ECE O -- O -1 O -) O -, O -the O -endothelial O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -synthase O -( O -eNOS O -) O -activity O -, O -and O -the O -expression O -of O -mRNA O -of O -eNOS O -and O -C O -- O -type O -natriuretic O -peptide O -( O -CNP O -) O -in O -rat O -blood O -vessels O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -specific O -endothelin O -type O -A O -receptor O -antagonist O -FR B-Chemical -139317 I-Chemical -on O -FK B-Chemical -506 I-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -in O -rats O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -FK B-Chemical -506 I-Chemical -, O -5 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -kg O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -d O -- O -1 O -given O -for O -4 O -weeks O -, O -elevated O -blood O -pressure O -from O -102 O -+ O -/ O -- O -13 O -to O -152 O -+ O -/ O -- O -15 O -mm O -Hg O -and O -increased O -the O -synthesis O -of O -ET O -- O -1 O -and O -the O -levels O -of O -ET O -- O -1 O -mRNA O -in O -the O -mesenteric O -artery O -( O -240 O -% O -and O -230 O -% O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Little O -change O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -expression O -of O -ECE O -- O -1 O -mRNA O -and O -CNP O -mRNA O -. O - -aps B-category -FK B-Chemical -506 I-Chemical -decreased O -eNOS O -activity O -and O -the O -levels O -of O -eNOS O -mRNA O -in O -the O -aorta O -( O -48 O -% O -and O -55 O -% O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -FR B-Chemical -139317 I-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -. O -d O -- O -1 O -) O -prevented O -FK B-Chemical -506 I-Chemical -- O -induced O -hypertension O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -FK B-Chemical -506 I-Chemical -may O -increase O -blood O -pressure O -not O -only O -by O -increasing O -ET O -- O -1 O -production O -but O -also O -by O -decreasing O -NO B-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -the O -vasculature O -. O - diff --git a/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/turn.py b/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/turn.py deleted file mode 100644 index d54e940..0000000 --- a/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/turn.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,57 +0,0 @@ -import os -import json -import tqdm - -with open('labels.txt') as f: - tag_to_id={} - i=0 - for l in f: - if "B-category" in l: - continue - tag_to_id[l.strip()] = i - i += 1 - -with open('tag_to_id.json', 'w') as f: - json.dump(tag_to_id, f) - - -for filename in ['dev.txt', 'test.txt', 'train.txt', 'weak.txt']: - data = [] - with open(filename, 'r') as f: - words = [] - tags = [] - for l in tqdm.tqdm(f): - l = l.strip() - if len(words)>0 and l == '': - if filename == "train.txt": - data.append({ - "str_words": words, - "tags": tags, - "tags_hp": tags, - }) - else: - data.append({ - "str_words": words, - "tags": tags, - }) - words = [] - tags = [] - continue - w,t = l.split('\t') - if "B-category" in t: - continue - words.append(w) - assert t in tag_to_id - tags.append(tag_to_id[t]) - if len(words)>0 and l == '': - data.append({ - "str_words": words, - "tags": tags, - }) - - with open(filename.replace('.txt', '.json'), 'w') as f: - json.dump(data, f) - # break - - - diff --git a/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/weak.txt b/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/weak.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 1280ac0..0000000 --- a/dataset/BC5CDR-chem/weak.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1000016 +0,0 @@ -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -chloroquine B-Chemical -on O -cultured O -fibroblasts O -: O -release O -of O -lysosomal O -hydrolases O -and O -inhibition O -of O -their O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Radiochemical O -assay O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -S O -- O -epoxide O -transferase O -and O -its O -enhancement O -by O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -in O -rat O -liver O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Action O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -mitochondrial O -functions O -- O -- O -effects O -on O -energized O -ion O -fluxes O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -valinomycin O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductase O -by O -acidic O -metabolites O -of O -the O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductase O -isoenzymes O -in O -human O -and O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Aggregation O -of O -blood O -platelets O -by O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -its O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -20 O -days O -by O -BA O -1 O -, O -a O -N O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -cyanoethylene O -) O -- B-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -otherwise O -unchanged O -conditions O -the O -reference O -substance O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -( O -IF O -) O -- O -- O -a O -further O -development O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -- O -- O -applied O -without O -hyperglycemia O -in O -its O -most O -efficient O -dosage O -of O -47 O -percent O -LD50 O -( O -150 O -mg O -kg O -) O -brought O -about O -a O -recovery O -rate O -of O -25 O -percent O -at O -a O -lethality O -of O -18 O -percent O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -a O -marked O -redistribution O -of O -regional O -flow O -was O -observed O -under O -pharmacologically O -induced O -vasodilation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -virostatic O -compound O -N O -, O -N O -- O -diethyl O -- O -4 O -- O -[ O -2 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -oxo O -- O -3 O -- O -tetradecyl O -- O -1 O -- O -imidazolidinyl O -) O -- O -ethyl O -] O -- O -1 O -- O -piperazinecarboxamide O -- O -hydrochloride O -( O -5531 O -) O -was O -analyzed O -as O -to O -its O -effect O -on O -the O -induction O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyrrolase I-Chemical -and O -tyrosineaminotransferase O -in O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -properties O -of O -new O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -central O -- O -depressant O -activity O -is O -evidenced O -by O -increased O -barbiturate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -sleep O -and O -a O -remarkable O -eyelid O -ptosis O -can O -also O -be O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenolytic O -activity O -against O -lethal O -doses O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -antiserotonin O -and O -antihistaminic O -effects O -, O -as O -well O -as O -other O -actions O -( O -hypothermia O -, O -analgesia O -, O -etc O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -with O -intra O -- O -individual O -comparisons O -was O -carried O -out O -to O -investigate O -the O -effects O -of O -15 O -mg O -of O -( O -8r O -) O -- O -3alpha O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -8 O -- O -isopropyl O -- O -1alphaH O -- O -tropanium O -bromide B-Chemical -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -tropate O -( O -Sch O -1000 O -) O -, O -15 O -mg O -Sch O -1000 O -+ O -10 O -mg O -oxazepam B-Chemical -, O -10 O -mg O -oxazepam B-Chemical -and O -placebo O -with O -oral O -administration O -in O -randomized O -sequence O -on O -gastric O -juice O -volume O -, O -amount O -of O -acid O -, O -concentration O -and O -pH O -values O -in O -12 O -healthy O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -compared O -with O -placebo O -, O -it O -was O -not O -possible O -to O -establish O -an O -effect O -on O -secretion O -volume O -for O -oxazepam B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -value O -was O -savely O -increased O -only O -by O -Sch O -1000 O -and O -Sch O -1000 O -+ O -oxazepam B-Chemical -, O -and O -this O -even O -only O -during O -the O -basal O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -likely O -that O -this O -represents O -an O -additional O -example O -of O -the O -type O -of O -agglutinin O -previously O -described O -as O -agglutinating O -red O -cells O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Stroma O -from O -either O -normal O -or O -PNH O -- O -like O -red O -cells O -is O -capable O -of O -inhibiting O -, O -to O -some O -extent O -, O -lysis O -in O -the O -sucrose B-Chemical -test O -and O -enhancing O -lysis O -in O -the O -acidified O -- O -serum O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -o B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salicylate I-Chemical -upon O -pentose B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -pathway O -activity O -in O -normal O -and O -G6PD O -- O -deficient O -red O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -8 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -permits O -formation O -of O -three O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonds O -between O -two O -residues O -along O -the O -" O -top O -" O -, O -or O -long O -axis O -, O -of O -the O -purines O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bonding O -scheme O -appears O -to O -be O -composed O -of O -a O -planar O -, O -tetrameric O -array O -of O -guanine O -residues O -, O -in O -which O -the O -8 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -does O -not O -participate O -in O -interbase O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -properties O -of O -the O -ordered O -structures O -are O -interpreted O -in O -terms O -of O -a O -strong O -tendency O -of O -the O -8 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -to O -form O -a O -third O -interbase O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bond O -, O -when O -this O -possibility O -is O -not O -prevented O -by O -high O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -at O -least O -two O -ionizable O -active O -center O -groups O -has O -been O -detected O -by O -a O -study O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -pH O -upon O -catalysis O -of O -hydrolysis O -of O -L O -- O -alanyl O -- O -beta O -- O -naphthylamide O -by O -human O -liver O -alanine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -and O -upon O -the O -inhibition O -of O -hydrolysis O -by O -inhibitors O -and O -substrate O -analogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -transient O -complexes O -in O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -catalyzed O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -for O -glutamate B-Chemical -was O -20 O -- O -25 O -mM O -in O -the O -first O -reaction O -and O -3 O -mM O -in O -the O -formation O -of O -the O -stable O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -formation O -of O -( O -E O -- O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -- O -kg O -) O -was O -inhibited O -by O -ADP O -, O -while O -it O -increased O -at O -high O -glutamate B-Chemical -concentration O -when O -small O -amounts O -of O -GTP O -were O -added O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -brain O -and O -placental O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -: O -purification O -and O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -nervous O -tissue O -, O -primate O -placenta O -is O -the O -only O -other O -animal O -source O -which O -contains O -appreciable O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -its O -biosynthetic O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weights O -determined O -by O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -150 O -gel O -filtration O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -gel O -electrophoresis O -are O -67000 O -plus O -or O -minus O -3000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -concentrations O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -were O -found O -to O -increase O -the O -resolution O -between O -two O -visible O -absorbance O -spectral O -transitions O -associated O -with O -acidification O -of O -ferricytochrome O -c O -. O -Analysis O -of O -a O -variety O -of O -spectral O -and O -viscosity O -measurements O -indicates O -that O -protonation O -of O -a O -single O -group O -having O -an O -apparent O -pK O -of O -2 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -and O -an O -intrinsic O -pK O -of O -about O -5 O -. O -3 O -displaces O -the O -methionine B-Chemical -ligand O -without O -significantly O -perturbing O -the O -native O -globular O -conformation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -may O -be O -applied O -to O -the O -side O -chain O -of O -histidine O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -lysine O -, O -and O -cysteine B-Chemical -, O -as O -well O -as O -to O -the O -amino B-Chemical -terminus O -of O -the O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -parameters O -were O -obtained O -for O -reaction O -with O -N2ph O -- O -F O -at O -20 O -degrees O -C O -in O -0 O -. O -1 O -N O -KCl O -: O -the O -histidine O -of O -hen O -egg O -- O -white O -lysozyme O -, O -pKa O -of O -6 O -. O -4 O -and O -second O -- O -order O -velocity O -constant O -of O -0 O -. O -188 O -M O -- O -1 O -min O -- O -1 O -; O -the O -histidine O -of O -alpha O -- O -lytic O -protease O -, O -pKa O -of O -6 O -. O -5 O -and O -second O -- O -order O -velocity O -constant O -of O -0 O -. O -0235 O -M O -- O -1 O -min O -- O -1 O -; O -the O -histidine O -of O -S O -. O -G O -. O -trypsin O -, O -pKa O -of O -6 O -. O -5 O -and O -second O -- O -order O -velocity O -constant O -of O -0 O -. O -0328 O -M O -- O -1 O -min O -- O -1 O -; O -the O -valyl O -amino B-Chemical -terminus O -of O -S O -. O -G O -. O -trypsin O -, O -pKa O -of O -8 O -. O -1 O -and O -second O -- O -order O -velocity O -constant O -of O -0 O -. O -403 O -M O -- O -1 O -min O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -latter O -compounds O -readily O -regenerate O -the O -primary O -amine B-Chemical -at O -low O -pH O -or O -on O -treatment O -with O -hydroxylamine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -reductase O -has O -a O -specific O -activity O -of O -about O -100 O -units O -/ O -mg O -and O -is O -homogeneous O -as O -judged O -by O -analytical O -ultracentrifugation O -, O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -and O -titration O -with O -methotrexate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Automatic O -Edman O -degradation O -has O -been O -used O -to O -determine O -34 O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -terminal I-Chemical -37 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -Determinations O -of O -the O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -enzyme O -based O -on O -its O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -, O -sedimentation O -velocity O -, O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -gel O -electrophoresis O -gave O -values O -of O -17680 O -, O -17470 O -and O -18300 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -100 O -mM O -imidazolium O -chloride B-Chemical -( O -pH O -7 O -) O -, O -the O -specific O -activity O -is O -47 O -mumol O -of O -dihydrofolate O -reduced O -per O -min O -per O -mg O -at O -30 O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -Divalent O -cations O -are O -more O -potent O -inhibitors O -; O -the O -I50 O -of O -BaCl2 B-Chemical -is O -250 O -muM O -, O -as O -compared O -to O -125 O -mM O -for O -KCl O -. O - -aps B-category -Chloroacetol O -sulfate O -inactivates O -triosephosphate O -isomerase O -by O -the O -selective O -esterification O -of O -the O -same O -carboxyl O -group O -as O -that O -which O -is O -esterified O -by O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -esters O -described O -earlier O -. O - -aps B-category -Bovine O -erythrocyte O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -was O -slowly O -and O -irreversibly O -inactivated O -by O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Replacement O -of O -H2O O -by O -D2O O -raised O -this O -pKa O -but O -did O -not O -diminish O -the O -catalytic O -activity O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -, O -measured O -at O -pH O -10 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Alcohols O -and O -benzoate O -, O -which O -scavenge O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -radical O -, O -did O -not O -protect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -were O -interpreted O -in O -terms O -of O -the O -reduction O -of O -the O -enzyme O -- O -bound O -Cu2 O -+ O -to O -Cu O -+ O -, O -by O -H2O2 B-Chemical -, O -followed O -by O -a O -Fenton O -' O -s O -type O -reaction O -of O -the O -Cu O -+ O -with O -additional O -H2O2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -- O -catalyzed O -hydrolysis O -of O -glycyldehydrophenylalanine O -exhibited O -competitive O -inhibition O -when O -the O -reaction O -rate O -was O -determined O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -monovalent O -anions O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -iodide O -, O -azide O -, O -nitrate B-Chemical -, O -or O -thiocyanate O -or O -upon O -the O -addition O -of O -the O -divalent O -anion O -, O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -35Cl O -line O -broadening O -produced O -by O -renal O -dipeptidase O -in O -0 O -. O -5 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -solutions O -was O -100 O -times O -more O -effective O -than O -that O -produced O -by O -equivalent O -concentrations O -of O -aquozinc O -( O -II O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -renal O -dipeptidase O -with O -saturating O -concentrations O -of O -the O -competitive O -inhibitor O -, O -guanosine B-Chemical -triphosphate O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -also O -produced O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -the O -35Cl O -line O -width O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -circular O -polarization O -of O -luminescence O -( O -CPL O -) O -emitted O -by O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -was O -used O -as O -a O -sensitive O -probe O -for O -measuring O -ligand O -- O -induced O -structural O -changes O -in O -a O -homogeneous O -type O -III O -pneumococcal O -antibody O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydrolytic O -action O -of O -the O -basic O -enzyme O -was O -found O -to O -consist O -of O -two O -sequential O -events O -: O -( O -a O -) O -hydrolysis O -of O -70 O -% O -of O -the O -total O -cell O -ph O -osphatidylcholine O -without O -any O -evident O -hemolysis O -; O -and O -( O -b O -) O -complete O -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -remaining O -phosphatidylcholine O -, O -followed O -closely O -by O -extensive O -phosphatidylethanolamine O -hydrolysis O -and O -finally O -with O -onset O -of O -hemolysis O -, O -attack O -on O -the O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Subunit O -interactions O -in O -yeast O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Perturbances O -of O -the O -protein O -structure O -( O -by O -pH O -, O -ionic O -strength O -, O -and O -specific O -salts O -) O -, O -which O -have O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -tetrameric O -state O -of O -the O -molecule O -, O -result O -in O -an O -alteration O -of O -the O -cooperativity O -of O -NAD O -+ O -binding O -, O -the O -reactivity O -of O -the O -active O -- O -site O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -, O -and O -the O -catalytic O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reversible O -reduction O -of O -horse O -metmyoglobin O -by O -the O -iron B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -complex O -of O -trans O -- O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -diaminocyclohexane O -- O -N O -, O -N O -, O -N O -, O -n O -- O -tetraacetate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -complex O -of O -metmyoglobin O -is O -reduced O -with O -a O -rate O -constant O -of O -10 O -M O -- O -1 O -sec O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -to O -axonal O -membranes O -og O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -channel O -, O -has O -been O -studied O -in O -detail O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -reasonable O -estimate O -indicates O -that O -approximately O -only O -one O -peptide O -chain O -in O -1000 O -constitutes O -the O -tetrodotoxin O -binding O -part O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -channel O -in O -the O -axonal O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -tetrodotoxin O -can O -repolarize O -the O -excitable O -membrane O -of O -a O -giant O -axon O -depolarized O -by O -veratridine B-Chemical -, O -veratridine B-Chemical -does O -not O -affect O -the O -binding O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -tetrodotoxin O -to O -purified O -axonal O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Scorpion O -neurotoxin O -I O -, O -a O -presynaptic O -toxin O -which O -affects O -both O -the O -Na O -+ O -and O -the O -K O -+ O -channels O -, O -does O -not O -interfere O -with O -the O -binding O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -tetrodotoxin O -or O -[ O -3H O -] O -veratridine B-Chemical -to O -axonal O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fixation O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -mutants O -( O -strains O -SK O -- O -24 O -, O -28 O -and O -29 O -) O -, O -requiring O -glutamate B-Chemical -for O -growth O -, O -synthesize O -nitrogenase O -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -constitutively O -( O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NH4 O -+ O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -third O -class O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -requiring I-Chemical -, O -nitrogenase O -- O -derepressed O -mutants O -( O -strain O -SK O -- O -25 O -and O -26 O -) O -synthesizes O -neither O -a O -catalytically O -active O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -enzyme O -nor O -an O -immunologically O -cross O -- O -reactive O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -mutant O -strains O -SK O -- O -27 O -and O -SK O -- O -37 O -produce O -inactive O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -protein O -, O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -these O -mutations O -map O -within O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -structural O -gene O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -superoxide B-Chemical -anion O -radical O -( O -O2 O -- O -) O -reacts O -with O -ferricytochrome O -c O -to O -form O -ferrocytochrome O -c O -. O -No O -intermediate O -complexes O -are O -observable O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -level O -of O -this O -phase O -is O -high O -in O -the O -case O -of O -inhibition O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -evolution O -at O -the O -donor O -side O -of O -Photosystem O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -Crude O -extracts O -and O -partially O -purified O -enzyme O -preparations O -from O -potato O -tubers O -catalyse O -, O -at O -pH O -5 O -- O -7 O -, O -the O -conversion O -of O -linoleic O -acid O -hydroperoxides O -to O -a O -range O -of O -oxygenated O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -system O -is O -compared O -with O -the O -9 O -- O -hydroperoxide O -- O -specific O -enzymic O -formation O -of O -divinyl O -ether B-Chemical -derivatives O -by O -potato O -extracts O -. O - -aps B-category -Partial O -purification O -and O -properties O -of O -a O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -of O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -7 O -- O -12 O -- O -Fold O -higher O -levels O -were O -seen O -in O -the O -cytoplasmic O -activities O -after O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -reactor O -compared O -to O -non O -- O -reactor O -animals O -with O -high O -concentrations O -of O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -( O -18 O -mM O -) O -and O -propionaldehyde O -( O -9 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reactor O -group O -also O -had O -slightly O -higher O -activity O -in O -the O -mitochondrial O -fraction O -with O -the O -high O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -and O -propionaldehyde O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -- O -values O -for O -propionaldehyde O -and O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -were O -in O -the O -millimolar O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -Estrone O -, O -deoxycorticosterone B-Chemical -, O -progesterone B-Chemical -and O -diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical -also O -affected O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydrolysis O -of O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -by O -wheat O -germ O -acid O -phosphatase O -( O -orthophosphoric O -monoester O -phosphohydrolase O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -) O -has O -been O -investigated O -in O -mixtures O -of O -aqueous O -buffers O -with O -acetone O -, O -dioxane O -and O -acetonitrile O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -50 O -% O -( O -v O -/ O -v O -) O -acetone O -both O -V O -and O -Km O -of O -the O -immobilized O -enzyme O -were O -about O -half O -of O -the O -values O -in O -the O -neat O -aqueous O -buffer O -, O -but O -the O -Ki O -for O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relatively O -high O -rates O -of O -p O -- O -nitrophenol O -liberation O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -even O -at O -high O -organic O -solvent O -concentrations O -suggest O -that O -transphosphorylation O -is O -facilitated O -at O -low O -water O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -in O -the O -microsomal O -fraction O -of O -tooth O -germ O -from O -porcine O -fetus O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -nucleotide B-Chemical -triphosphates O -may O -serve O -as O -the O -substrate O -, O -but O -V O -for O -ATP O -is O -the O -highest O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -resulting O -complex O -, O -Sepharose O -- O -Myosin O -, O -possesses O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -activity O -and O -is O -relatively O -stable O -for O -long O -periods O -of O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Sepharose O -- O -Myosin O -ATPase O -is O -not O -as O -sensitive O -as O -myosin O -to O -alterations O -in O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -the O -apparent O -KM O -is O -approximately O -two O -- O -fold O -higher O -than O -that O -of O -myosin O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -incorporation O -of O -radioactively O -labeled O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -, O -the O -readily O -reactive O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -of O -isolated O -myosin O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -) O -from O -fast O -, O -slow O -and O -cardiac O -muscles O -could O -be O -classified O -into O -3 O -types O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -thiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -and O -thiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -groups O -which O -are O -essential O -for O -functioning O -of O -the O -K O -+ O -- O -stimulated O -ATPase O -, O -are O -located O -in O -the O -heavy O -chains O -in O -all O -3 O -myosin O -types O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -the O -chemically O -determined O -molecular O -weights O -for O -myosin O -light O -chains O -, O -their O -stoichiometry O -was O -found O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -electrophoresis O -to O -be O -1 O -. O -2 O -: O -2 O -. O -1 O -: O -0 O -. O -8 O -for O -light O -chain O -- O -1 O -: O -light O -chain O -- O -2 O -: O -light O -chain O -- O -3 O -per O -molecule O -of O -fast O -myosin O -, O -2 O -. O -0 O -: O -1 O -. O -9 O -for O -light O -chain O -- O -1 O -: O -light O -chain O -- O -2 O -per O -molecule O -of O -slow O -myosin O -and O -1 O -. O -9 O -: O -1 O -. O -9 O -for O -light O -chain O -- O -1 O -: O -light O -chain O -- O -2 O -per O -molecule O -of O -cardiac O -myosin O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -the O -kinetics O -and O -stability O -of O -the O -enzyme O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -and O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -principal O -effect O -of O -low O -pH O -on O -the O -kinetics O -of O -the O -enzyme O -- O -catalyzed O -reaction O -is O -the O -observation O -of O -a O -pH O -- O -dependent O -substrate O -inhibition O -by O -oxidized O -glutathione B-Chemical -at O -pH O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -7 O -, O -which O -is O -shown O -to O -correlate O -with O -the O -binding O -of O -oxidized O -glutathione B-Chemical -to O -the O -oxidized O -form O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stability O -of O -the O -oxidized O -and O -reduced O -forms O -of O -the O -enzyme O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -and O -25 O -degrees O -C O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -was O -studied O -as O -a O -function O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -acetate O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -inhibition O -of O -the O -catalytic O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -at O -high O -sodium B-Chemical -acetate O -concentration O -correlates O -with O -an O -effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -acetate O -on O -the O -oxidized O -form O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Substrate O -binding O -to O -phosphorylase O -b O -was O -poor O -( O -KM O -glycogen O -= O -2 O -. O -5 O -mM O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -= O -250 O -mM O -) O -compared O -to O -phosphorylase O -a O -( O -KM O -glycogen O -= O -1 O -. O -8 O -mM O -, O -KM O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -= O -0 O -. O -7 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -employing O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -indicate O -that O -kinase O -I O -has O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -about O -9 O -. O -5 O -- O -10 O -( O -5 O -) O -( O -25 O -S O -) O -and O -kinase O -II O -about O -1 O -. O -4 O -- O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -( O -32 O -S O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incorporation O -of O -the O -terminal O -phosphate B-Chemical -of O -GTP O -into O -casein O -as O -catalyzed O -by O -these O -enzymes O -is O -inhibited O -to O -varying O -degrees O -by O -ATP O -, O -ITP O -, O -ADP O -, O -and O -GDP O -but O -not O -by O -UTP O -, O -CTP O -, O -GMP O -, O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -monophosphate O -, O -and O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -monophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -purification O -procedure O -for O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -) O -from O -muscle O -of O -the O -monke35 O -- O -- O -170 O -muequiv O -H O -+ O -/ O -mg O -protein O -per O -min O -at O -30 O -degrees O -C O -and O -a O -yield O -of O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dead O -- O -end O -complex O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -anion O -does O -not O -protect O -the O -essential O -thiol B-Chemical -group O -against O -inhibition O -by O -iodoacetamide O -. O - -aps B-category -Contrary O -to O -our O -previous O -report O -this O -pH O -independence O -is O -not O -altered O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -dead O -- O -end O -complex O -, O -creatine B-Chemical -plus O -MgADP O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -anion O -or O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -substrate O -equilibrium O -mixture O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -findings O -are O -compatible O -with O -the O -essential O -thiol B-Chemical -group O -playing O -a O -conformational O -role O -in O -the O -catalytic O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -Column O -chromatography O -on O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -resulted O -in O -a O -single O -peak O -of O -esterase O -activity O -between O -0 O -. O -20 O -to O -0 O -. O -25 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -/ O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -cells O -incubated O -in O -a O -nutrient O -medium O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -for O -3 O -- O -8 O -h O -contained O -no O -measurable O -kallikrein O -activity O -, O -whereas O -the O -surrounding O -medium O -had O -kallikrein O -activity O -which O -could O -be O -significantly O -increased O -by O -aldosterone B-Chemical -and O -decreased O -by O -spironolactone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -latter O -type O -of O -system O -is O -exemplified O -by O -studies O -on O -methaemoglobin O -A O -in O -0 O -. O -25 O -M O -sodium B-Chemical -acetate O -, O -pH O -5 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Correlation O -of O -sedimentation O -velocity O -and O -equilibrium O -results O -shows O -that O -addition O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -( O -ATP O -) O -results O -in O -its O -binding O -to O -one O -site O -on O -each O -of O -the O -dimeric O -( O -alpha O -beta O -) O -and O -tetrameric O -( O -alpha O -beta O -) O -2 O -species O -with O -intrinsic O -binding O -constants O -1 O -. O -03 O -- O -10 O -( O -3 O -) O -- O -1 O -. O -20 O -- O -10 O -( O -3 O -) O -and O -1 O -. O -1 O -- O -10 O -( O -4 O -) O -- O -2 O -. O -1 O -- O -10 O -( O -4 O -) O -1 O -/ O -mol O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -specific O -blocking O -reagents O -prior O -to O -spin O -labeling O -, O -the O -two O -binding O -sites O -were O -attributed O -to O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -of O -beta O -- O -93 O -( O -immobile O -) O -and O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -of O -the O -N O -- O -terminal O -valines O -( O -mobile O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Holo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -superoxide I-Chemical -dismutase O -from O -bovine O -erythrocytes O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -undergo O -a O -reversible O -structural O -modification O -in O -the O -pH O -3 O -- O -5 O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subunit O -composition O -of O -the O -erythrocruorin O -was O -investigated O -using O -gel O -filtration O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -and O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -at O -neutral O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -erythrocruorin O -was O -reduced O -with O -mercaptoethanol O -prior O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -electrophoresis O -, O -three O -subunits O -were O -observed O -, O -possessing O -molecular O -weights O -of O -about O -13000 O -( O -I O -) O -, O -16500 O -( O -II O -) O -and O -28000 O -( O -III O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Pure O -myosin O -was O -selectively O -precipitated O -from O -the O -supernatant O -by O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6000 I-Chemical -, O -but O -only O -when O -the O -protein O -was O -soluble O -at O -low O -ionic O -strength O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -haemoglobin O -Tak O -, O -a O -variant O -with O -an O -elongated O -beta O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -equilibrium O -curve O -of O -the O -whole O -blood O -haemolysate O -containing O -Hbs O -A O -and O -Tak O -was O -close O -to O -that O -of O -Hb O -A O -at O -the O -top O -of O -the O -curve O -, O -while O -the O -bottom O -of O -the O -curve O -greatly O -deviated O -from O -the O -latter O -, O -indicative O -of O -small O -if O -any O -interaction O -between O -Hb O -A O -and O -Tak O -during O -oxygenation O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -poly O -( O -A O -) O -the O -product O -is O -all O -nucleoside B-Chemical -while O -with O -poly O -( O -U O -) O -as O -substrate O -most O -of O -the O -product O -is O -nucleoside B-Chemical -, O -but O -also O -some O -oligonucleotides O -are O -produced O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -trinucleotide O -diphosphate O -is O -rapidly O -hydrolyzed O -to O -nucleoside B-Chemical -while O -the O -trinucleotide O -itself O -is O -slowly O -digested O -and O -yields O -intermediate O -products O -, O -including O -nucleoside B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -preparation O -was O -reactivated O -10 O -to O -50 O -- O -fold O -by O -sonicated O -liposomes O -of O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -by O -non O -- O -sonicated O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -liposomes O -or O -sonicated O -phosphatidylcholine O -liposomes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -insensitive I-Chemical -Mg2 O -+ O -- O -ATPase O -normally O -showed O -a O -linear O -Arrhenius O -plot O -with O -an O -Ea O -of O -8 O -kcal O -/ O -mol O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -studies O -showed O -that O -cholesterol B-Chemical -had O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -the O -Km O -values O -for O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -Conformational O -and O -molecular O -responses O -to O -pH O -variation O -of O -the O -purified O -membrane O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -of O -Micrococcus O -lysodeikticus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -unfolding O -was O -irreversible O -and O -the O -protein O -was O -soon O -converted O -into O -peptide O -species O -with O -molecular O -weights O -lower O -than O -those O -determined O -for O -the O -subunits O -by O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -assumed O -that O -these O -two O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -are O -in O -binding O -region O -and O -quench O -the O -fluorescence O -of O -DMH O -between O -pH O -4 O -to O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -helix O -to O -coil O -transition O -of O -poly O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -) O -was O -investigated O -in O -0 O -. O -05 O -and O -0 O -. O -005 O -M O -aqueous O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -solutions O -by O -use O -of O -potentiometric O -titration O -and O -circular O -dichroism O -measurement O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -were O -conducted O -on O -cats O -under O -nembutal O -anesthesia O -; O -a O -study O -was O -made O -of O -pulse O -activity O -of O -bulbar O -respiratory O -neurons O -, O -electrical O -activity O -of O -the O -diaphragm O -and O -of O -the O -intercostal O -muscles O -; O -pO2 O -, O -pCO2 O -, O -pH O -, O -arterial O -blood O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -were O -determined O -in O -combined O -action O -of O -hypoxia O -and O -hypercapnia O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Level O -of O -nicotinamide O -coenzymes O -in O -the O -myocardium O -of O -rats O -during O -the O -effects O -of O -methylxanthines B-Chemical -( O -theophylline B-Chemical -, O -theobromine O -, O -caffeine B-Chemical -) O -and O -catecholamines B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -tendency O -to O -decrease O -NAD O -+ O -NADP O -and O -the O -total O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -level O -was O -seen O -after O -caffeine B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -isadrine O -decreased O -the O -NAD O -+ O -NADP O -level O -; O -adrenaline B-Chemical -( O -25 O -mkg O -/ O -kg O -) O -increased O -the O -content O -of O -both O -the O -oxidized O -( O -by O -24 O -% O -) O -and O -of O -the O -reduced O -( O -by O -48 O -% O -) O -forms O -of O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -, O -but O -acceptable O -concentrations O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -copper B-Chemical -, O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -cadmium O -, O -nitrate B-Chemical -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -were O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mandatory O -limit O -for O -manganese O -was O -exceeded O -in O -37 O -% O -of O -the O -waters O -while O -88 O -% O -exceeded O -the O -limit O -for O -iron B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Statistical O -evidence O -suggested O -that O -septic O -tank O -seepage O -was O -partially O -responsible O -for O -nitrate B-Chemical -, O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -iron B-Chemical -and O -arsenic O -contamination O -of O -shallow O -water O -supplies O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -The O -mechanism O -of O -" O -adrenaline B-Chemical -reversal O -" O -in O -the O -anaesthetized O -cat O -and O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Do O -anti O -- O -psychotic O -drugs O -act O -by O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -blockade O -in O -the O -nucleus O -accumbens O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -haemoglobin O -with O -increased O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -, O -beta82 O -( O -EF6 O -) O -lysine O -leads O -to O -threonine O -( O -Hb O -Rahere O -) O -, O -was O -found O -during O -the O -investigation O -of O -a O -patient O -who O -was O -found O -to O -have O -a O -raised O -haemoglobin O -concentration O -after O -a O -routine O -blood O -count O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -variant O -had O -the O -same O -mobility O -as O -haemoglobin O -A O -on O -electrophoresis O -at O -alkaline O -pH O -but O -was O -detected O -by O -measuring O -the O -whole O -blood O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -; O -it O -could O -be O -separated O -from O -haemoglobin O -A O -, O -however O -, O -by O -electrophoresis O -in O -agar O -at O -acid O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -postsynaptic O -actions O -of O -taurine O -, O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -other O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -on O -motoneurons O -of O -the O -isolated O -frog O -spinal O -cord O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -tested O -produced O -a O -reduction O -in O -the O -amplitude O -of O -postsynaptic O -potentials O -, O -a O -blockade O -of O -the O -antidromic O -action O -potential O -and O -an O -increase O -of O -membrane O -conductance O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -relative O -strength O -of O -different O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -was O -compared O -, O -taurine O -had O -the O -strongest O -inhibitory O -potency O -, O -followed O -by O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -, O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -, O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -glycine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Interactions O -with O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -showed O -that O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -seletively O -diminished O -the O -postsymaptic O -actions O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -, O -while O -strychnine B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -effects O -of O -taurine O -, O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -regard O -to O -these O -results O -the O -importance O -of O -taurine O -and O -GABA B-Chemical -as O -transmitters O -of O -postsynaptic O -inhibition O -on O -motoneurons O -in O -the O -spinal O -cord O -of O -the O -frog O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -3 O -) O -Control O -experiments O -indicated O -extensive O -decreases O -in O -the O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -vesicles O -from O -the O -stimulated O -electric O -organ O -and O -smaller O -decreases O -in O -the O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -synaptic O -vesicles O -from O -stimulated O -crude O -synaptosomal O -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -4 O -) O -Crude O -synaptosomal O -fractions O -from O -guinea O -- O -pig O -cerebral O -cortex O -were O -incubated O -in O -a O -Krebs B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -medium O -with O -labelled O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -50 O -mM O -KCl O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -found O -after O -two O -incubation O -times O -and O -using O -[ O -14C O -] O -oleate O -, O -[ O -14C O -] O -arachidonate O -, O -[ O -3H O -] O -palmitate O -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -output O -response O -to O -altered O -acid O -- O -base O -status O -during O -diethyl O -ether B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prevention O -of O -autolysis O -of O -stored O -cornea O -using O -steroid B-Chemical -as O -a O -lysosome O -membrane O -stabilizer O -. O - -aps B-category -Different O -groups O -of O -rabbit O -corneas O -were O -placed O -in O -saline O -as O -controls O -or O -in O -varying O -concentrations O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -10 O -) O -M O -to O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -) O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -and O -4 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Acid O -phosphatase O -released O -after O -six O -hours O -was O -measured O -biochemically O -. O - -aps B-category -Soil O -fungistasis O -: O -elevation O -of O -the O -exogenous O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -requirements O -for O -spore O -germination O -by O -fungistatic O -volatiles O -in O -soils O -. O - -aps B-category -Fusarium O -solani O -macroconidial O -germination O -was O -inhibited O -mostly O -by O -volatiles O -from O -soils O -of O -pH O -5 O -. O -1 O -, O -6 O -. O -1 O -, O -7 O -. O -0 O -, O -and O -7 O -. O -5 O -, O -but O -high O -levels O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -NH4Cl O -reversed O -this O -inhibition O -, O -raising O -germination O -to O -that O -of O -no O -- O -soil O -, O -no B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -or O -nitrogen B-Chemical -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nullification O -by O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -substrates O -of O -F O -. O -solani O -and O -A O -. O -flavus O -inhibition O -caused O -by O -soil O -volatiles O -parallels O -that O -for O -soil O -fungistasis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mixture O -of O -polysaccharides O -in O -the O -gelling O -component O -of O -agar O -( O -agarose O -) O -is O -hydrolyzed O -to O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -and O -3 O -, O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anhydro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -by O -a O -series O -of O -hydrolytic O -enzymes O -obtained O -from O -Pseudomonas O -atlantica O -. O - -aps B-category -Pseudomonas O -atlantica O -when O -grown O -on O -agar O -produces O -two O -specific O -enzymes O -, O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -hydrolase O -and O -neoagarobiose O -hydrolase O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -intracellular O -invertase O -was O -induced O -in O -cultures O -of O -Clostridium O -pasteurianum O -utilizing O -sucrose B-Chemical -as O -its O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -for O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -invertase O -activity O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -sucrose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -growing I-Chemical -cells O -and O -this O -enzyme O -could O -be O -induced O -in O -a O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -metabolizing I-Chemical -culture O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Invertase O -was O -completely O -inactivated O -by O -a O -2 O -- O -min O -heat O -treatment O -at O -60 O -degrees O -C O -. O -This O -enzyme O -was O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -p O -- O -hydroxymercuribenzoate O -( O -pCMB O -) O -and O -weakly O -inhibited O -by O -5 O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -dithiobis O -( O -2 O -- O -nitrobenzoic O -acid O -) O -, O -while O -cysteine B-Chemical -could O -substantially O -reverse O -pCMB O -) O -inhibition O -, O -suggesting O -that O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -( O -s O -) O -were O -necessary O -for O -invertase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -had O -no O -stimulatory O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -smelter I-Chemical -emissions O -on O -forest O -soil O -microflora O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1 O -) O -The O -effect O -of O -feeding O -a O -relatively O -low O -- O -protein O -diet O -containing O -0 O -. O -06 O -% O -DAB O -for O -29 O -weeks O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -DAB O -- O -azoreductase O -, O -nitroreductase O -( O -p O -- O -nitrobenzoic O -acid O -) O -, O -N O -- O -oxidase O -( O -N O -, O -N O -- O -dimethylaniline O -) O -, O -N O -- O -demethylase O -( O -DAB O -) O -, O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -, O -beta O -- O -glucuronidase O -and O -arylsulphatase O -A O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -4 O -) O -After O -feeding O -DAB O -for O -4 O -weeks O -the O -effect O -of O -PB O -and O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -( O -MC O -) O -on O -the O -activities O -of O -DAB O -- O -azoreductase O -, O -CB10 O -- O -252 O -- O -azoreductase O -and O -components O -of O -the O -azoreductases O -- O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -, O -the O -CO O -- O -CB10 O -- O -252 O -- O -azoreductase O -was O -not O -induced O -by O -PB O -or O -MC O -, O -and O -CO O -did O -not O -inhibit O -its O -reduction O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -diaphorase O -preparation O -from O -pig O -heart O -reduced O -both O -CB10 O -- O -252 O -and O -methylred O -with O -both O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -NADH O -- O -generating O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1 O -) O -Subcutaneous O -or O -intra O -- O -abdominal O -injections O -of O -8 O -mg O -of O -HgCl2 O -/ O -100 O -g O -body O -weight O -markedly O -depressed O -hepatic O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -of O -chicks O -at O -1 O -h O -post O -- O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -2 O -) O -When O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -was O -included O -in O -the O -incubation O -medium O -for O -a O -highly O -purified O -preparation O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -, O -500 O -muM O -HgCl2 O -was O -required O -to O -show O -definite O -inhibition O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -was O -added O -after O -the O -addition O -of O -enzyme O -to O -the O -mercury O -- O -containing O -medium O -, O -protection O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -not O -complete O -. O - -aps B-category -Dialysis O -of O -cytosol O -fractions O -from O -noninjected O -chicks O -under O -the O -same O -conditions O -was O -without O -effect O -on O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -both O -acute O -surgical O -sympathectomy O -( O -cervical O -trunk O -division O -) O -and O -alpha O -- O -receptor O -blockade O -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -phenoxybenzamine O -) O -enhanced O -the O -maintenance O -of O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -in O -the O -face O -of O -hemorrhagic O -hypotension O -in O -that O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -did O -not O -decrease O -until O -mean O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -was O -approximately O -35 O -% O -of O -the O -base O -- O -line O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -chemoreflex O -and O -pulmonary O -inflation O -reflex O -control O -of O -the O -coronary O -circulation O -was O -examined O -in O -conscious O -dogs O -by O -comparing O -the O -responses O -to O -chemoreflex O -stimulation O -( O -intracarotid O -injection O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -) O -when O -ventilation O -was O -allowed O -to O -increase O -with O -those O -when O -ventilation O -was O -controlled O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -beta O -- O -receptor O -and O -cholinergic O -blockade O -, O -a O -similar O -coronary O -dilation O -in O -response O -to O -nicotine B-Chemical -occurred O -only O -when O -ventilation O -was O -allowed O -to O -increase O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -nicotine B-Chemical -stimulation O -of O -the O -carotid O -chemoreflex O -results O -in O -a O -striking O -coronary O -dilation O -that O -has O -two O -components O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -reductions O -in O -coronary O -blood O -flow O -resulted O -in O -inhibition O -of O -glycolysis O -, O -a O -greater O -decrease O -in O -tissue O -levels O -of O -high O -- O -energy O -phosphates O -, O -and O -higher O -tissue O -levels O -of O -both O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -H O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -central O -area O -of O -tissue O -which O -receives O -a O -low O -rate O -of O -coronary O -blood O -flow O -will O -have O -a O -reduced O -rate O -of O -ATP O -production O -due O -to O -both O -a O -lack O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -an O -inhibition O -of O -glycolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -factors O -that O -accounted O -for O -the O -glycolytic O -inhibition O -in O -the O -ischemic O -heart O -compared O -with O -the O -anoxic O -heart O -appeared O -to O -be O -higher O -tissue O -levels O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -H O -+ O -in O -the O -ischemic O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -intracellular O -lactate B-Chemical -concentrations O -between O -15 O -and O -20 O -mM O -, O -glycolysis O -was O -inhibited O -under O -both O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -did O -not O -appear O -to O -be O -mediated O -through O -changes O -in O -intracellular O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heart O -was O -removed O -from O -nine O -mongrel O -puppies O -weighing O -6 O -- O -8 O -kg O -and O -placed O -in O -Krebs O -- O -Ringer O -' O -s O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -of O -89 O -sera O -from O -patients O -suffering O -myocardial O -infarction O -and O -of O -55 O -sera O -from O -patients O -with O -hepatocellular O -damage O -was O -assayed O -under O -optimal O -conditions O -using O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -alpha O -- O -oxobutyrate O -, O -hydroxypyruvate O -and O -glyoxylate O -as O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -ratio O -of O -hydroxypyruvate O -to O -pyruvate B-Chemical -which O -is O -consistently O -greater O -than O -unity O -was O -found O -to O -be O -inverted O -in O -a O -case O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -poisoning O -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -kinetic O -measurement O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -with O -a O -centrifugal O -analyzer O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactate B-Chemical -is O -assayed O -by O -mixing O -10 O -mul O -of O -sample O -with O -NAD O -+ O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -tris O -( O -hydroxymethyl O -) O -aminomethane O -hydrazine O -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -Analytical O -recoveries O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -added O -to O -plasma O -averaged O -104 O -% O -( O -range O -, O -91 O -- O -116 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -separation O -and O -identification O -of O -the O -neutral O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -the O -appropriate O -area O -of O -the O -electrophoretogram O -is O -cut O -out O -, O -sewn O -onto O -a O -second O -sheet O -of O -paper O -, O -and O -rerun O -at O -pH O -1 O -. O -9 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suited O -for O -use O -with O -special O -procedures O -such O -as O -oxidation O -of O -biological O -fluid O -with O -performic O -acid O -and O -specific O -staining O -for O -confirmation O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -identification O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -use O -them O -, O -alone O -or O -in O -combination O -, O -in O -the O -following O -line O -of O -order O -: O -diuretics O -, O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockers O -, O -dihydralazine O -, O -reserpine B-Chemical -, O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -, O -guanethidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Anaerobic O -glycolysis O -in O -normal O -human O -erythrocytes O -incubated O -in O -vitro O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -salicylate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -glucose B-Chemical -consumption O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -were O -stimulated O -by O -concentrations O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -up O -to O -60 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -but O -at O -the O -highest O -concentration O -used O -( O -90 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -) O -an O -initial O -stimulus O -was O -followed O -by O -inhibition O -of O -glycolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -phosphate B-Chemical -esters O -underwent O -concentration O -changes O -at O -higher O -concentrations O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -that O -reflected O -inadequate O -concentrations O -of O -ATP O -for O -glycolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -hypoxic O -exercise O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Minute O -ventilation O -was O -significantly O -higher O -during O -hypoxic O -exercise O -than O -during O -normoxic O -exercise O -at O -an O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -of O -1500 O -ml O -/ O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -plasma O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -during O -normoxic O -exercise O -at O -an O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -of O -1500 O -ml O -/ O -min O -was O -not O -elevated O -above O -the O -resting O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Seasonal O -variation O -in O -diet O -, O -volatile O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -production O -and O -size O -of O -the O -cecum O -of O -roch O -ptarmigan O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -intestinal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -absorption O -in O -various O -avian O -and O -mammalian O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -different O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -on O -the O -permeability O -of O -the O -toad O -urinary O -bladder O -. O - -aps B-category -Asymmetric O -distribution O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -in O -ganglia O -and O -single O -neurons O -of O -Aplysia O -. O - -aps B-category -Action O -of O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -on O -a O -glutamatergic O -synapse O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -as O -a O -possible O -inhibitory O -neurotransmitter O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -of O -the O -leech O -, O -Haemopis O -sanguisuga O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -studies O -in O -experimental O -renal O -dysfunction O -resulting O -from O -maleate B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -character O -of O -the O -fluid O -was O -that O -of O -an O -exudate O -, O -and O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -aspects O -of O -renal O -ammonia B-Chemical -formation O -in O -metabolic O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -longer O -term O -, O -acid O -must O -be O -excreted O -, O -or O -neutralized O -with O -base O -which O -is O -also O -generated O -from O -the O -diet O -, O -by O -conversion O -of O -dietary O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -to O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -complex O -mechanisms O -which O -govern O -the O -formation O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -from O -glutamine B-Chemical -, O -involving O -the O -reactions O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -the O -tricarboxylic O -acid O -cycle O -, O -and O -gluconeogenesis O -, O -are O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -2 O -, O -3 O -DPG O -does O -not O -provide O -a O -physiologic O -benefit O -in O -the O -adaptation O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -system O -to O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -vulgaris O -) O -do O -not O -catalyse O -the O -hydroxylation O -of O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -coumaric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -dark O -unless O -a O -reductant O -( O -such O -as O -ascorbate O -, O -NADH O -or O -NADPH B-Chemical -) O -is O -added O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -reaction O -is O -completely O -inhibited O -by O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -, O -but O -catalase O -has O -little O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -35Cl O -minus O -- O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -( O -NMR O -) O -studies O -indicate O -that O -various O -digests O -of O -human O -hemoglobin O -with O -carboxypeptidase O -A O -and O -B O -, O -or O -a O -combination O -of O -the O -two O -, O -may O -be O -used O -for O -the O -identification O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -binding O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -- O -affinity O -sites O -show O -, O -in O -the O -case O -of O -the O -simple O -digests O -, O -a O -strong O -oxygen B-Chemical -linkage O -which O -is O -lost O -in O -the O -forms O -digested O -with O -both O -carboxypeptidase O -A O -and O -B O -; O -this O -linkage O -may O -thus O -be O -correlated O -to O -the O -presence O -of O -conformational O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -14C O -] O -Dimethyloxazolidinedione O -, O -[ O -14 O -] O -methylamine O -and O -[ O -14C O -] O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -were O -used O -as O -" O -deltapH O -- O -indicators O -" O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -DD O -- O -carboxypeptidase O -is O -inhibited O -non O -- O -competitively O -by O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -. O -The O -enzyme O -of O -the O -bacterial O -form O -is O -highly O -penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -( O -Ki O -- O -4 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -9 O -) O -M O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -inhibition O -by O -penicillin B-Chemical -and O -subsequent O -reactivation O -the O -penicillin B-Chemical -sensitivity O -of O -the O -bacterial O -DD O -- O -carboxtpeptidase O -is O -similar O -to O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -of O -the O -unstable O -L O -- O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -the O -completely O -reactivatable O -enzyme O -with O -the O -lower O -penicillin B-Chemical -sensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -significance O -of O -the O -kinetics O -and O -of O -the O -type O -of O -inhibition O -produced O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -is O -discussed O -in O -terms O -of O -the O -regulation O -of O -NAD O -kinase O -activity O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -findings O -suggest O -that O -in O -the O -range O -studied O -by O -us O -, O -contraction O -of O -the O -perfused O -rat O -heart O -following O -acid O -- O -base O -alterations O -, O -is O -a O -linear O -function O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Cell O -density O -- O -dependent O -stimulation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -in O -cultured O -mouse O -teratoma O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Mechanisms O -of O -the O -thermogenic O -action O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -during O -adaptation O -to O -cold O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adapted O -animals O -' O -RQ O -in O -thermoneutral O -conditions O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -a O -little O -higher O -than O -in O -the O -control O -rats O -; O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -injections O -induced O -a O -clear O -RQ O -decrease O -in O -the O -former O -and O -did O -not O -influence O -the O -latters O -' O -RQ O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -segregant O -frequency O -is O -markedly O -enhanced O -upon O -exposure O -of O -the O -cells O -to O -doses O -of O -ultraviolet O -light O -or O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -that O -permit O -survival O -of O -50 O -% O -to O -90 O -% O -of O -the O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Breast O -- O -fed O -normal O -infants O -had O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ion I-Chemical -concentrations O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -the O -chronic O -diarrhoea O -group O -, O -but O -without O -Gram O -- O -negative O -bacilli O -overgrowth O -, O -suggesting O -that O -other O -factors O -, O -besides O -pH O -, O -regulate O -bacterial O -growth O -in O -the O -gastric O -contents O -of O -these O -groups O -of O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -gastric O -ulceration O -was O -studied O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -successive O -administration O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -once O -daily O -for O -7 O -days O -, O -however O -, O -no O -gastric O -ulcer O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -a O -small O -dose O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -ulcerogenic O -action O -of O -a O -high O -dose O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -adrenaline B-Chemical -has O -a O -biphasic O -effect O -on O -gastric O -ulceration O -, O -the O -ulcerogenic O -action O -is O -due O -to O -its O -alpha O -- O -action O -and O -antiulcerogenic O -effect O -is O -due O -to O -development O -of O -tachyphylaxis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -colon O -, O -these O -drugs O -prevented O -, O -to O -a O -great O -extent O -the O -contraction O -induced O -by O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -ACh O -) O -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -but O -in O -the O -duodenum O -were O -totally O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -Atropine B-Chemical -prevented O -ACh O -- O -induced O -contraction O -in O -both O -the O -colon O -and O -duodenum O -in O -the O -same O -way O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -bathing O -fluid O -without O -addition O -of O -Na2EDTA O -, O -ACh O -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -elicited O -contraction O -in O -the O -colon O -, O -but O -not O -in O -the O -duodenum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -with O -butylamine O -, O -amylamine O -, O -beta O -- O -phenylethylamine O -and O -tyramine O -showed O -about O -30 O -% O -while O -tryptamine O -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -showed O -3 O -approximately O -10 O -% O -compared O -to O -that O -with O -benzymlamine O -as O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Bucolome O -( O -BCP O -) O -, O -a O -non O -- O -steroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -agent O -, O -has O -the O -chemical O -structure O -of O -a O -barbiturate B-Chemical -and O -also O -resembles O -the O -formula O -of O -pheylbutazone O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -pyrazolones B-Chemical -showed O -additive O -acute O -toxicity O -in O -their O -combination O -with O -BCP O -, O -but O -acute O -toxicities O -of O -4A O -and O -AM O -, O -which O -were O -potentiated O -in O -analgesic O -effects O -, O -were O -decreased O -and O -antagonized O -when O -combined O -with O -BCP O -. O - -aps B-category -Complex O -formation O -due O -to O -interaction O -between O -bucolome O -and O -pyrazolones B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -the O -infrared O -or O -NMR O -spectrum O -demonstrated O -the O -formation O -of O -a O -hydrogen B-Chemical -binding O -in O -non O -- O -aqueous O -media O -between O -BCP O -and O -AM O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -complex O -formation O -between O -BCP O -and O -pyrazolones B-Chemical -is O -an O -important O -factor O -for O -the O -synergism O -of O -action O -and O -is O -due O -to O -the O -charge O -transfer O -interaction O -and O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -binding O -of O -both O -molecules O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -amino B-Chemical -sugars O -D O -- O -glucosamine O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactosamine I-Chemical -no O -spontaneous O -competence O -could O -be O -observed O -in O -the O -highly O -transformable O -R6bd O -strain O -of O -Pneumococcus O -or O -it O -was O -decreased O -by O -several O -orders O -of O -magnitude O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -150 O -min O -growth O -in O -the O -transformation O -medium O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -sugar O -a O -3 O -- O -- O -4 O -- O -fold O -greater O -number O -of O -cells O -( O -as O -a O -viable O -count O -) O -could O -be O -detected O -as O -compared O -with O -the O -control O -without O -the O -amino B-Chemical -sugar O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -specific O -amino B-Chemical -sugar O -determinants O -for O -binding O -of O -the O -competence O -factor O -on O -the O -cell O -surface O -and O -the O -resulting O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -these O -sugars O -on O -the O -development O -of O -competence O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -characteristics O -and O -specificity O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -transport O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -process O -is O -pH O -- O -dependent O -and O -a O -break O -occurs O -in O -the O -Arrhenius O -plot O -at O -15 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Exogenous O -substrates O -did O -not O -stimulate O -glucose B-Chemical -transport O -probably O -due O -to O -their O -inability O -to O -penetrate O -into O -membrane O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -Maltose O -inhibited O -transport O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -noncompetitively O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -eight O -species O -capable O -of O -producing O -gluconic O -acid O -, O -Penicillium O -puberulum O -gave O -the O -maximum O -yield O -( O -91 O -% O -gluconic O -acid O -from O -glucose B-Chemical -after O -7 O -days O -of O -fermentation O -with O -3 O -% O -CaCO3 B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -initial O -pH O -of O -6 O -. O -1 O -was O -most O -favourable O -for O -acid O -accumulation O -and O -addition O -of O -CaCO3 B-Chemical -was O -necessary O -for O -maximum O -acid O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Tritium O -- O -labelled O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -( O -4 O -- O -dglc O -) O -and O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -( O -6 O -- O -dgcl O -) O -were O -prepared O -by O -catalytic O -hydrogenolysis O -of O -the O -corresponding O -deoxyiodo O -derivatives O -with O -gaseous O -tritium O -. O - -aps B-category -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -undergoes O -a O -dinitrophenol O -- O -sensitive O -conversion O -to O -an O -unknown O -metabolite O -which O -is O -not O -phosphorylated O -and O -may O -represent O -one O -of O -its O -oxidation O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -) O -The O -excess O -lactate B-Chemical -volume O -postulated O -by O -Huckabee O -was O -a O -available O -index O -to O -evaluate O -metabolic O -acidosis O -during O -the O -extracorporeal O -circulation O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -was O -administered O -to O -40 O -per O -cent O -hemodilution O -group O -, O -minimum O -alterations O -of O -acid O -- O -base O -balance O -and O -of O -serum O -electrolytes O -were O -observed O -during O -and O -after O -extracorporeal O -perfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -qualify O -the O -use O -of O -40 O -per O -cent O -intentional O -hemodilution O -using O -Lactate B-Chemical -Ringer O -' O -s O -solution O -or O -low O -molecular O -weight O -dextran B-Chemical -for O -30 O -minute O -extracorporeal O -circulation O -when O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -is O -administered O -in O -adequate O -amounts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -CMP O -residues O -are O -released O -much O -more O -slowly O -; O -at O -15 O -degrees O -C O -incompletely O -, O -and O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -more O -or O -less O -completely O -in O -1 O -h O -. O -In O -about O -50 O -% O -of O -the O -tRNA O -molecules O -, O -the O -fourth O -nucleotide B-Chemical -could O -be O -removed O -in O -very O -long O -incubations O -or O -with O -very O -high O -enzyme O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ecdysone O -oxidase O -is O -purified O -by O -a O -factor O -of O -2200 O -from O -prepupae O -of O -Calliphora O -erythrocephala O -using O -salt B-Chemical -precipitation O -and O -ion O -exchange O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Jaundice O -after O -enflurane B-Chemical -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Serotype O -I O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -all O -other O -types O -studied O -, O -lacked O -ability O -to O -consume O -complement O -in O -this O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Platelets O -aggregated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -pneumococci O -, O -but O -aggregation O -was O -prevented O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cAMP B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clumping O -and O -release O -of O -polymorphonuclear O -coagulant O -that O -was O -induced O -by O -pneumococci O -was O -not O -prevented O -by O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Envelope O -preparations O -of O -Neisseria O -gonorrhoeae O -strain O -GC1 O -( O -a O -stable O -, O -piliated O -strain O -of O -intermediate O -colony O -morphology O -) O -and O -type O -T1 O -possess O -a O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -carboxypeptidase O -which O -releases O -the O -terminal O -alanine B-Chemical -residue O -from O -the O -uridine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphate O -- O -N O -- O -acetyl O -muramylpentapeptide O -substrate O -( O -isolated O -from O -Bacillus O -cereus O -T O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -carboxypeptidase O -was O -inhibited O -by O -several O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotics O -and O -the O -50 O -% O -inhibitory O -levels O -were O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -, O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -ampicillin B-Chemical -, O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -cloxacillin O -, O -and O -5 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -methicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Tyrosine O -aminotransferase O -( O -TAT O -) O -induction O -by O -glucagon O -and O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -in O -the O -liver O -of O -tumor O -- O -bearing O -chickens O -was O -studied O -and O -compared O -with O -induction O -in O -healthy O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexamethasone B-Chemical -failed O -to O -induce O -TAT O -in O -host O -liver O -at O -8 O -A O -. O -M O -. O -while O -it O -significantly O -indiced O -TAT O -in O -the O -normal O -liver O -at O -the O -same O -time O -of O -the O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -it O -was O -found O -that O -diurnal O -variations O -in O -basal O -and O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -or O -glucagon O -- O -induced O -TAT O -levels O -are O -considerably O -mitigated O -in O -host O -liver O -as O -compared O -to O -those O -observed O -in O -the O -liver O -of O -healthy O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Related O -studies O -show O -that O -the O -acetamido O -group O -C O -- O -N O -bond O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -2 O -- O -acetamido O -- O -acrylate O -is O -hydrolyzed O -only O -about O -1 O -/ O -130 O -as O -fast O -as O -the O -ester O -group O -C O -- O -O O -bond O -. O - -aps B-category -Extensively O -degraded O -RNA O -was O -isolated O -from O -virions O -of O -influenza O -virus O -which O -had O -been O -oxidized O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -m O -- O -periodate O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -severe O -hypertension O -with O -minoxidil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -effects O -of O -minoxidil B-Chemical -included O -fluid O -retention O -( O -as O -assessed O -by O -edema O -and O -plasma O -volume O -studies O -) O -, O -nonspecific O -ECG O -changes O -, O -hypertrichosis O -and O -conjunctival O -redness O -. O - -aps B-category -Alternating O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -and O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -infusion O -while O -alveolar O -Pco2 O -was O -maintained O -below O -5 O -mmHg O -demonstrated O -the O -dependence O -of O -the O -hypocapnic O -response O -on O -the O -acid O -- O -base O -status O -of O -the O -blood O -perfusing O -the O -respiratory O -airways O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -previously O -unrecognized O -enzyme O -, O -citrate B-Chemical -lyase O -deacetylase O -, O -has O -been O -purified O -about O -140 O -- O -fold O -from O -cell O -extracts O -of O -Rhodopseudomonas O -gelatinosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -the O -instability O -of O -acetyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -S I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -lyase O -at O -acidic O -and O -alkaline O -pH O -values O -, O -all O -assays O -were O -carried O -out O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -, O -where O -the O -spontaneous O -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -acetyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -S I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -lyase O -was O -negligible O -and O -deacetylase O -showed O -70 O -% O -of O -the O -activity O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Citrate B-Chemical -lyase O -deacetylase O -was O -present O -in O -very O -small O -amounts O -in O -cells O -of O -R O -. O -gelatinosa O -grown O -with O -acetate O -or O -succinate O -; O -it O -was O -induced O -by O -citrate B-Chemical -along O -with O -the O -citrate B-Chemical -lyase O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifty O -percent O -inhibition O -was O -obtained O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -1 O -. O -4 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -L O -- O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -enzyme O -appears O -as O -a O -single O -band O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gels O -and O -has O -an O -apparent O -molecular O -weight O -of O -approximately O -65 O -, O -000 O -as O -estimated O -by O -gel O -filtration O -and O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -values O -for O -2 O -- O -keto O -- O -3 O -- O -deoxygluconate O -, O -glyceraldehyde O -, O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -were O -10 O -, O -13 O -. O -3 O -, O -and O -3 O -. O -0 O -mM O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -motile O -Streptococcus O -was O -isolated O -and O -its O -chemotactic O -behavior O -toward O -sugars O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemotaxis O -toward O -leucine B-Chemical -was O -optimal O -at O -pH O -7 O -to O -8 O -. O -5 O -and O -a O -temperature O -between O -30 O -and O -37 O -C O -. O -The O -Streptococcus O -showed O -a O -chemotactic O -response O -toward O -a O -variety O -of O -sugars O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -oxidation O -of O -methanol O -in O -methanol O -- O -assimilating O -yeasts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -small O -differences O -found O -reflect O -both O -different O -abilities O -to O -take O -up O -inducers O -from O -the O -medium O -and O -different O -degrees O -of O -catabolite O -repression O -exerted O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -- O -Deoxy O -- O -D O -- O -arabino O -- O -heptulosonic O -acid O -7 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthase O -mutants O -of O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -. O - -aps B-category -aroG O -, O -the O -structural O -gene O -for O -the O -phenylalanine O -- O -inhibitable O -isoenzyme O -, O -was O -linked O -to O -gal O -, O -and O -aroH O -, O -the O -structural O -gene O -for O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inhibitable I-Chemical -isoenzyme O -, O -was O -linked O -to O -aroE O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -DAHP O -synthase O -isoenzymes O -were O -separated O -by O -chromatography O -on O -diethylaminoethyl O -- O -cellulose O -with O -a O -phosphate B-Chemical -gradient O -which O -contained O -enolpyruvate O -phosphate B-Chemical -to O -protect O -the O -otherwise O -unstable O -phenylalanine O -- O -inhibitable O -isoenzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tryptophan B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inhibitable I-Chemical -isoenzyme O -was O -partially O -purified O -from O -extracts O -of O -a O -strain O -lacking O -the O -other O -two O -isoenzymes O -and O -shown O -to O -be O -inhibited O -about O -30 O -% O -by O -1 O -mM O -tryptophan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -enzymes O -, O -including O -amylomaltase O -, O -two O -exonucleases O -, O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -deoxyribonuclease O -, O -and O -a O -restriction O -type O -endonuclease O -, O -were O -located O -in O -the O -cytosol O -within O -the O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -Omission O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -from O -the O -sporulation O -medium O -had O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -the O -specific O -activity O -pattern O -of O -the O -enzyme O -as O -a O -function O -of O -age O -of O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Lactate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -has O -been O -purified O -to O -near O -homogeneity O -from O -Peptostreptococcus O -elsdenii O -. O - -aps B-category -Reactivation O -by O -divalent O -metal O -ions O -occurs O -, O -with O -divalent O -zinc B-Chemical -being O -the O -most O -effective O -. O - -aps B-category -Replacement O -of O -ferricyanide O -by O -the O -other O -components O -of O -the O -electron O -transport O -system O -yields O -hyperbolic O -kinetics O -with O -an O -apparent O -Km O -for O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -of O -26 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -properties O -suggest O -that O -interaction O -of O -this O -enzyme O -with O -other O -electron O -transport O -proteins O -in O -the O -chain O -may O -enhance O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -binding O -and O -, O -hence O -, O -the O -rate O -of O -electron O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -the O -transferase O -with O -acetyl O -CoA O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -a O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -acceptor O -yielded O -a O -stable O -intermediate O -which O -, O -by O -absorption O -spectrophotometry O -, O -radioactivity O -measurements O -, O -reduction O -with O -borohydride O -, O -reactivity O -with O -hydroxylamine O -, O -and O -catalytic O -activity O -, O -was O -identified O -as O -an O -enzyme O -- O -CoA O -compound O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -optimum O -pH O -was O -6 O -. O -3 O -and O -its O -optimal O -temperature O -was O -42 O -C O -. O -The O -purified O -enzyme O -released O -11 O -% O -of O -the O -total O -glucose B-Chemical -residues O -of O -the O -OMZ O -176 O -glucan O -as O -reducing O -sugars O -and O -solubilized O -about O -half O -of O -the O -substrate O -glucan O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphate O -- O -dependent O -deoxyribonuclease O -from O -Bacillus O -laterosporus O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -ethylene O -glycol O -stabilize O -the O -purified O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Double O -- O -stranded O -DNA O -is O -not O -degraded O -to O -any O -measurable O -extent O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -ATP O -, O -but O -the O -enzyme O -exhibits O -activity O -toward O -denatured O -DNA O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphate O -, O -and O -this O -activity O -seems O -to O -be O -an O -intrinsic O -property O -of O -this O -enzyme O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -ATP O -is O -converted O -to O -ADP O -and O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -during O -the O -reaction O -and O -the O -ratio O -of O -the O -amount O -of O -ATP O -cleaved O -to O -that O -of O -hydrolyzed O -phosphodiester O -bonds O -of O -DNA O -is O -about O -3 O -: O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -radioimmunoassay O -procedure O -for O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cyclic I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -( O -CGMP O -) O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Tryptophan O -was O -administered O -to O -rats O -under O -various O -nutritional O -conditions O -: O -fasted O -for O -24 O -hr O -, O -fasted O -and O -refed O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -or O -corn O -- O -oil O -, O -fasted O -and O -administered O -glycerol O -intramuscularly O -, O -and O -nonfasted O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inversely O -related O -changes O -in O -the O -contents O -of O -malate B-Chemical -and O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -were O -associated O -with O -the O -accumulation O -of O -quinolinate O -in O -the O -livers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enhancement O -of O -the O -rate O -was O -closely O -related O -to O -the O -increase O -in O -the O -citrate B-Chemical -content O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -liver O -content O -of O -glycerol O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -was O -decreased O -by O -tryptophan B-Chemical -administration O -was O -markedly O -increased O -by O -glycerol O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -may O -be O -concluded O -that O -, O -in O -the O -livers O -of O -rats O -under O -various O -nutritional O -conditions O -, O -the O -short O -- O -term O -control O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -by O -tryptophan B-Chemical -administration O -is O -most O -likely O -due O -to O -the O -activation O -of O -acetyl O -- O -coenzyme O -A O -carboxylase O -[ O -EC O -6 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -] O -by O -citrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Diisopropyl O -fluorophosphate O -( O -DFP O -) O -, O -phenylmethanesulfonyl O -fluoride B-Chemical -( O -PMSF O -) O -, O -toluenesuffonyl O -fluoride B-Chemical -( O -TSF O -) O -, O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -( O -SDS O -) O -were O -inhibitory O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -. O -Soybean O -trypsin O -inhibitor O -, O -pepstatin O -, O -leupeptins O -, O -and O -antipain O -were O -not O -inhibitory O -, O -while O -chymostatin O -caused O -slight O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Affinity O -labeling O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -with O -an O -acetylenic O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -released O -flavin O -was O -reduced O -by O -potassium B-Chemical -borohydride O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -strongly O -indicate O -that O -the O -inactivation O -reaction O -is O -a O -dynamic O -affinity O -labeling O -with O -D O -- O -propargylglycine O -which O -produces O -irreversible O -inactivation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -by O -a O -covalent O -modification O -of O -an O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residue O -at O -the O -active O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitor O -was O -subjected O -to O -isoelectric O -focusing O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -51 O -and O -its O -molecular O -weight O -was O -calculated O -to O -be O -14 O -, O -200 O -+ O -/ O -- O -900 O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenine O -and O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -levels O -as O -well O -as O -those O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -phosphocreatine O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -beta O -- O -hydroxybutyrate O -, O -acetoacetate O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -and O -glycogen O -were O -measured O -in O -histologically O -defined O -parietal O -and O -mucous O -cell O -sections O -of O -biopsies O -of O -dog O -gastric O -mucosa O -at O -rest O -, O -and O -in O -various O -secretory O -states O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -there O -was O -a O -marked O -increase O -in O -NADH O -, O -but O -no O -change O -in O -NADPH B-Chemical -with O -onset O -of O -acid O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -triiodothyronine O -by O -Rana O -catesbeiana O -tadpole O -tail O -fin O -, O -tail O -muscle O -, O -kidney O -, O -and O -liver O -cytosol O -was O -studied O -using O -dextran B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -coated I-Chemical -charcoal B-Chemical -to O -separate O -bound O -and O -free O -hormone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -forms O -of O -the O -enzyme O -are O -named O -according O -to O -the O -number O -of O -subunits O -and O -all O -appear O -to O -be O -active O -in O -converting O -cholesterol B-Chemical -to O -3beta O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -5 O -- O -pregnen O -- O -20 O -- O -one O -( O -side O -chain O -cleavage O -) O -( O -Shikita O -, O -M O -. O -, O -and O -Hall O -, O -P O -. O -F O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -coenzyme O -Q O -- O -cytochrome O -c O -reductase O -from O -bovine O -heart O -mitochondria O -( O -complex O -III O -) O -was O -incorporated O -into O -phospholipid O -vesicles O -by O -the O -cholate B-Chemical -dialysis O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -sn B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Glycerol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -acyltransferase O -activity O -in O -particulate O -preparations O -from O -anaerobic O -, O -light O -- O -grown O -cells O -of O -Rhodopseudomonas O -spheroides O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -enzyme O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -, O -the O -R O -. O -spheroides O -glycerophosphate O -acyltransferase O -has O -a O -high O -specificity O -for O -acyl O -thiolester O -derivatives O -of O -acyl O -carrier O -protein O -( O -ACP O -) O -as O -acyl O -donors O -for O -the O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -NADH O -- O -coenzyme O -Q O -reductase O -from O -bovine O -heart O -mitochondria O -( O -complex O -I O -) O -was O -incorporated O -into O -phospholipid O -vesicles O -by O -the O -cholate B-Chemical -dialysis O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -Thyroxine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -was O -isolated O -from O -human O -plasma O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -fractionation O -, O -chromatographic O -separations O -on O -diethylaminoethyl O -- O -Sephadex O -, O -gel O -chromatography O -, O -and O -two O -different O -electrophoretic O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -determination O -of O -the O -minimum O -in O -the O -curve O -for O -the O -fraction O -of O -maximum O -deviation O -from O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analyses O -it O -was O -found O -that O -the O -minimum O -molecular O -weight O -for O -the O -polypeptide O -was O -12 O -, O -200 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analyses O -suggested O -that O -thyroxine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -is O -composed O -of O -4 O -subunits O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -5 O -- O -deazaFAD O -to O -study O -hydrogen B-Chemical -transfer O -in O -the O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -deazaFAD O -- O -containing O -enzyme O -forms O -complexes O -with O -benzoate O -, O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -benzoate O -, O -and O -4 O -- O -aminobenzoate O -which O -are O -both O -qualitatively O -and O -quantitatively O -similar O -to O -those O -observed O -with O -native O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -bound O -chromophore O -can O -be O -reduced O -by O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -phenylalanine O -, O -proline O -, O -methionine B-Chemical -, O -and O -valine O -, O -but O -not O -by O -glutamate B-Chemical -or O -aspartate B-Chemical -, O -indicating O -the O -deazaFAD O -enzyme O -retains O -the O -substrate O -specificity O -of O -the O -native O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Reoxidation O -of O -the O -reduced O -enzyme O -occurred O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -plus O -ammonia B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -with O -pyruvate B-Chemical -alone O -or O -ammonia B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -enzyme O -isolated O -following O -reaction O -with O -[ O -alpha O -- O -3H O -] O -alanine B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -contain O -0 O -. O -5 O -mol O -of O -tritium O -/ O -mol O -of O -deazaFADH2 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -reduction O -and O -reoxidation O -of O -enzyme O -- O -bound O -deazaFAD O -involves O -the O -stereo O -- O -specific O -transfer O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydrogen I-Chemical -from O -substrate O -to O -deazaFAD O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -for O -NSILA O -- O -s O -binding O -is O -broad O -( O -6 O -. O -0 O -to O -8 O -. O -0 O -) O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -very O -sharp O -pH O -optimum O -( O -7 O -. O -5 O -to O -8 O -. O -0 O -) O -for O -insulin O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -Decarboxylation O -of O -oxalacetate O -to O -pyruvate B-Chemical -by O -purified O -avian O -liver O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -carboxykinase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pyruvate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -- O -forming O -reactions O -are O -similar O -in O -their O -nucleoside B-Chemical -specificity O -and O -appear O -to O -be O -carried O -out O -by O -the O -same O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -reaction O -is O -also O -stimulated O -by O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -reagents O -such O -as O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -and O -the O -demonstration O -that O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -- O -like O -activity O -is O -very O -low O -or O -absent O -make O -it O -unlikely O -that O -pyruvate B-Chemical -formation O -proceeds O -via O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -as O -an O -intermediate O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -stripped O -of O -anions O -, O -Hb O -Deer O -Lodge O -has O -an O -increased O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -and O -a O -decreased O -degree O -of O -cooperativity O -relative O -to O -Hb O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -the O -cooperativity O -in O -increases O -to O -nromal O -and O -the O -pH O -dependence O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -binding O -is O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -studies O -at O -neutral O -pH O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -organic O -phosphates O -revealed O -biphasicity O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -dissociation O -from O -Hb O -Deer O -Lodge O -, O -while O -approximately O -linear O -time O -courses O -were O -observed O -for O -Hb O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -Patterns O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -release O -from O -endogenous O -substrates O -by O -human O -platelet O -homogenates O -and O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -depends O -on O -the O -availability O -of O -lipids O -whose O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -are O -odd O -- O -chained O -and O -therefore O -suitable O -as O -internal O -reference O -compounds O -that O -, O -at O -the O -time O -of O -lipid O -extraction O -, O -can O -be O -added O -to O -an O -incubation O -to O -permit O -subsequent O -quantification O -of O -the O -content O -of O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -or O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -esterified O -to O -specific O -lipids O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -enough O -arachidonic O -acid O -was O -released O -at O -this O -pH O -level O -to O -suggest O -some O -phospholipid O -breakdown O -, O -since O -triglycerides B-Chemical -hold O -relatively O -small O -amounts O -of O -this O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Pertinently O -, O -the O -choline B-Chemical -phospholipids O -are O -linoleic O -- O -rich O -and O -the O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -choline I-Chemical -phospholipids O -linoleic O -- O -poor O -, O -while O -both O -have O -a O -generous O -endowment O -of O -arachidonic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -submitochondrial O -particles O -( O -ETP O -) O -with O -trypsin O -at O -0 O -degrees O -destroyed O -NADPH B-Chemical -leads O -to O -NAD O -( O -or O -3 O -- O -acetylpyridine O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -, O -AcPyAD O -) O -transhydrogenase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -ETP O -was O -incubated O -with O -trypsin O -at O -30 O -degrees O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -leads O -to O -NAD O -transhydrogenase O -activity O -was O -rapidly O -lost O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidase O -activity O -was O -slowly O -destroyed O -, O -but O -NADH O -oxidase O -activity O -remained O -intact O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -leads O -to O -NAD O -transhydrogenase O -reaction O -to O -trypsin O -suggested O -the O -involvement O -of O -susceptible O -arginyl O -residues O -in O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -NADH O -oxidation O -, O -and O -inhibited O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidation O -and O -NADH O -leads O -to O -AcPyAD O -transhydrogenation O -by O -only O -10 O -to O -15 O -% O -even O -after O -30 O -to O -60 O -min O -incubation O -of O -ETP O -with O -butanedione O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -both O -NAD O -and O -NADP O -were O -present O -, O -the O -butanedione O -effect O -was O -completely O -abolished O -, O -thus O -suggesting O -the O -possible O -presence O -of O -arginyl O -residues O -at O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -binding O -site O -of O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -leads O -to O -NAD O -transhydrogenase O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -above O -results O -establish O -that O -in O -the O -respiratory O -chain O -of O -beef O -- O -heart O -mitochondria O -NADH O -oxidation O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidation O -, O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -leads O -to O -NAD O -transhydrogenation O -are O -independent O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Besides O -dynein O -, O -which O -can O -be O -solubulized O -from O -Chlamydomonas O -flagella O -as O -a O -heterogeneous O -, O -Mg2 O -+ O -or O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -activated O -ATPase O -, O -we O -have O -purified O -and O -characterized O -five O -other O -flagellar O -enzymes O -involved O -in O -nucleotide B-Chemical -transformations O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -large O -part O -of O -flagellar O -nucleoside B-Chemical -diphosphokinase O -activity O -could O -not O -be O -solubilized O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -enzyme O -demonstrates O -activity O -against O -Nalpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzyloxycarbonylglycyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -and O -hippuryl O -- O -D O -, O -L O -- O -phenyllactate O -; O -no O -activity O -was O -found O -against O -Nalpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -ethyl O -ester O -, O -Nalpha O -- O -benzoyl O -- O -D O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitroanilide I-Chemical -, O -or O -L O -- O -leuckne O -- O -p O -- O -nitroanilide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -complex O -was O -dissociated O -in O -solutions O -of O -ionic O -strength O -higher O -than O -0 O -. O -07 O -or O -pH O -exceeding O -10 O -and O -only O -partially O -dissociated O -in O -8 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -more O -cytochrome O -c O -) O -were O -obtained O -when O -polymerized O -cytochrome O -c O -, O -or O -cytochrome O -c O -with O -all O -lysine O -residues O -guanidinated O -, O -or O -a O -" O -1 O -- O -65 O -heme O -peptide O -" O -from O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -cleavage O -of O -cytochrome O -c O -was O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -results O -available O -would O -indicate O -that O -in O -the O -complex O -cytochrome O -c1 O -was O -bound O -at O -the O -entrance O -to O -the O -heme O -crevice O -of O -cytochrome O -c O -on O -the O -methionine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -80 I-Chemical -side O -of O -the O -heme O -crevice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -in O -values O -of O -1KZn O -/ O -Mg O -with O -increasing O -pH O -in O -the O -activation O -of O -leucine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -by O -Mg2 O -+ O -is O -attributed O -to O -the O -lowering O -of O -the O -free O -Zn2 O -+ O -concentration O -relative O -to O -that O -of O -free O -Mg2 O -+ O -caused O -by O -the O -formation O -of O -ZnOH O -+ O -and O -Zn O -( O -OH O -) O -2 O -complexes O -with O -increasing O -OH O -- O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Values O -of O -Km O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -AND O -30 O -degrees O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -p O -- O -nitroanilide O -as O -substrate O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -0 O -. O -01 O -M O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -are O -4 O -. O -13 O -and O -2 O -. O -01 O -mM O -for O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -zinc I-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -zinc I-Chemical -enzymes O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -L O -- O -Alanine O -, O -as O -well O -as O -certain O -other O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -are O -taste O -stimuli O -in O -this O -animal O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -L O -- O -[ O -OH O -] O -alanine B-Chemical -was O -measured O -using O -a O -Millipore O -filter O -method O -in O -which O -correction O -for O -non O -- O -specific O -binding O -was O -also O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversibility O -of O -the O -binding O -interaction O -was O -also O -demonstrates O -by O -the O -rapid O -displacement O -of O -bound O -L O -- O -[ O -3H O -] O -alanine B-Chemical -by O -a O -large O -excess O -of O -unlabeled O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Preparations O -of O -internal O -mammary O -arteries O -for O -coronary O -bypass O -with O -intraluminal O -papaverine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Peroxisomal O -enzyme O -activities O -change O -to O -approximately O -165 O -% O -, O -50 O -% O -, O -30 O -% O -, O -and O -0 O -% O -of O -the O -controls O -for O -catalase O -, O -urate B-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -L O -- O -alpha O -- O -hydroxy O -acid O -oxidase O -, O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Beige O -mice O -treated O -with O -androgen B-Chemical -had O -significantly O -higher O -kidney O -beta O -- O -glucuronidase O -, O -beta O -- O -galactosidase O -, O -and O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -glucosaminidase O -( O -hexosaminidase O -) O -levels O -than O -normal O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -lysosomal O -enzyme O -elevation O -was O -observed O -in O -five O -other O -organs O -of O -beige O -mice O -with O -or O -without O -androgen B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -nor O -in O -kidneys O -of O -beige O -females O -not O -treated O -with O -androgen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cerous O -ions O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -peroxide B-Chemical -, O -form O -an O -electron O -- O -dense O -precipitate O -. O - -aps B-category -Superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -did O -not O -inhibit O -tetrazolium O -reduction O -, O -as O -observed O -cytochemically O -, O -indicating O -direct O -enzymatic O -dye O -reduction O -without O -superoxide B-Chemical -interposition O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -internalized O -during O -phagocytosis O -and O -retains O -its O -peroxide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -generating I-Chemical -capacity O -within O -the O -phagocytic O -vacuole O -. O - -aps B-category -Recently O -we O -demonstrated O -that O -ethidium O -bromide B-Chemical -altered O -the O -plasma O -and O -subcellular O -membrane O -glycoproteins O -in O -control O -and O -virus O -transformed O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -KM O -of O -the O -virus O -transformed O -cells O -and O -the O -ethidium O -bromide B-Chemical -treated O -cells O -is O -the O -same O -as O -that O -of O -the O -control O -cells O -while O -the O -maximum O -velocity O -as O -compared O -to O -the O -control O -cells O -is O -significantly O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alpha O -blocking O -agent O -, O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -mitosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -beta O -blocking O -agent O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -by O -itself O -showed O -slight O -mitotic O -inhibition O -at O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -. O -When O -added O -along O -with O -epinephrine B-Chemical -or O -noreinephrine O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -mitotic O -inhibition O -approximately O -65 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -another O -beta O -blocking O -agent O -, O -dichloroisoproterenol O -, O -showed O -strong O -mitotic O -inhibition O -( O -53 O -% O -) O -when O -added O -to O -the O -cultures O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -. O -The O -effect O -was O -reduced O -to O -zero O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -- O -free O -growth O -of O -HTC O -cells O -containing O -glucocorticoid O -- O -and O -insulin O -- O -inducible O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -cytoplasmic O -glucocorticoid O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -cells O -in O -defined O -medium O -contain O -cytoplasmic O -glucocorticoid O -receptors O -and O -have O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -which O -can O -be O -induced O -by O -glucocorticoids O -, O -serum O -or O -insulin O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactic O -acid O -production O -by O -chick O -embryo O -fibroblasts O -occurs O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -exogenous O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Nevertheless O -, O -serum O -and O -pH O -stimulation O -enhances O -this O -residual O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -production O -to O -the O -same O -relative O -extent O -as O -when O -glucose B-Chemical -is O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -the O -residual O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -remains O -constant O -or O -increases O -during O -the O -course O -of O -the O -experiment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -treatments O -which O -stimulate O -cell O -multiplication O -also O -activate O -those O -enzymatic O -pathways O -which O -convert O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -to O -pyruvic O -and O -thence O -to O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -granules O -subsequently O -were O -purified O -by O -centrifugation O -through O -a O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -that O -contained O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -of O -human O -red O -cell O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -by O -affinity O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -elimination O -of O -haemoglobin O -from O -haemolyzate O -by O -treatment O -with O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -, O -the O -enzyme O -was O -converted O -into O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bound I-Chemical -form O -and O -was O -applied O -on O -an O -affinity O -column O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -quantitative O -method O -for O -the O -simultaneous O -determination O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -its O -active O -metabolite O -4 O -- O -hydroxypropranolol O -in O -human O -plasma O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Detection O -and O -quantitation O -of O -the O -trifluoroacetyl B-Chemical -derivatives O -are O -made O -by O -single O -- O -ion O -monitoring O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -interferences O -from O -normal O -plasma O -constituents O -or O -from O -drugs O -commonly O -prescribed O -together O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -were O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -Delta9 O -- O -and O -- O -delta8 O -- O -Tetrahydrocannabinol O -, O -delta9 O -- O -tetrahydrocannabinolic O -acid O -, O -cannabidiol O -, O -cannabidolic O -acid O -, O -cannabinol O -, O -cannabinolic O -acid O -, O -cannabichromene O -and O -cannabichromenic O -acid O -were O -located O -in O -the O -liquid O -chromatogram O -of O -cannabis B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -separation O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -has O -been O -achieved O -on O -a O -short O -column O -of O -Chromo O -- O -Beads O -C2 O -resin O -, O -with O -a O -lithium B-Chemical -gradient O -- O -elution O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -has O -been O -applied O -to O -analysis O -of O -human O -plasma O -and O -granulocytes O -for O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -quellung O -test O -and O -gentamicin B-Chemical -plate O -show O -improved O -sensitivity O -over O -current O -techniques O -for O -pneumococcal O -detection O -and O -can O -be O -recommended O -for O -general O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -dependence O -of O -the O -acute O -effects O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -upon O -liver O -intermediary O -metabolism O -in O -vivo O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mitochondrial O -free O -[ O -NAD O -+ O -] O -/ O -[ O -NADH O -] O -ratios O -and O -the O -cytoplasmic O -free O -[ O -NADP O -+ O -] O -/ O -[ O -NADPH B-Chemical -] O -ratio O -were O -paradoxically O -most O -reduced O -with O -the O -lowest O -dose O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -became O -progressively O -more O -oxidized O -with O -increasing O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -, O -therefore O -, O -show O -distinct O -and O -complicated O -dose O -- O -dependent O -patterns O -of O -intermediary O -metabolism O -that O -cannot O -be O -explained O -completely O -by O -any O -one O -hypothesis O -but O -that O -imply O -significant O -dose O -- O -dependent O -effects O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -upon O -intermediary O -metabolism O -not O -directly O -related O -to O -NADH O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -solubility O -of O -triclinic O -calcium B-Chemical -pyrophosphate O -dihydrate O -( O -CPPD O -) O -crystals O -was O -measured O -under O -varying O -conditions O -using O -45Ca O -- O -labeled O -crystals O -, O -expressing O -solubility O -as O -micromoles O -per O -liter O -of O -45Ca O -in O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -marked O -effects O -on O -solubility O -occurred O -when O -changing O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -or O -by O -enzymatic O -hydrolysis O -of O -inoganic O -pyrophosphate O -to O -orthophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -observed O -solubility O -- O -enhancing O -effects O -of O -albumin O -could O -be O -explained O -solely O -on O -its O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -ability O -and O -thereby O -, O -altered O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -surgery O -, O -especially O -parathyroidectomy O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -fall O -, O -favoring O -dissolution O -of O -CPPD O -crystals O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -, O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -and O -4 O -mg O -) O -was O -compared O -with O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -( O -60 O -and O -180 O -mg O -) O -for O -its O -effect O -on O -sleep O -in O -" O -hospital O -insomnia O -. O -" O - -aps B-category -At O -this O -dose O -level O -it O -is O -less O -effective O -than O -100 O -mg O -of O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -as O -a O -sleep O -inducer O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -from O -rats O -that O -morphine B-Chemical -tolerance O -is O -a O -learned O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -the O -" O -hot O -plate O -" O -analgesia O -assessment O -situation O -with O -rats O -, O -this O -conditioning O -view O -of O -tolerance O -is O -supported O -by O -several O -findings O -: O -( O -a O -) O -It O -is O -necessary O -to O -have O -reliable O -environmental O -cues O -predicting O -the O -systemic O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -if O -tolerance O -is O -to O -be O -observed O -, O -( O -b O -) O -a O -hyperalgesic O -conditioned O -response O -may O -be O -observed O -in O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tolerant I-Chemical -subjects O -when O -drug O -administration O -cues O -are O -followed O -by O -a O -placebo O -, O -and O -( O -c O -) O -merely O -by O -repeatedly O -presenting O -environmental O -cues O -previously O -associated O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -but O -now O -presented O -with O -a O -placebo O -) O -, O -morphine B-Chemical -tolerance O -can O -be O -extinguished O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -determination O -with O -murexide O -of O -free O -and O -protein O -- O -bound O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -model O -systems O -of O -known O -composition O -, O -ionic O -strength O -, O -and O -pH O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absorbance O -at O -509 O -nm O -is O -independent O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -and O -, O -therefore O -, O -could O -be O -used O -to O -measure O -the O -total O -dye O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -between O -the O -apparent O -dissociation O -constant O -and O -free O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -Beta O -- O -casein O -, O -at O -the O -concentrations O -employed O -, O -did O -not O -influence O -the O -dissociation O -fo O -calcium B-Chemical -murexide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -low O -levels O -of O -strontium O -, O -boron O -, O -lithium B-Chemical -, O -molybdenum O -, O -and O -fluorine O -, O -alone O -and O -in O -combination O -, O -on O -hydroxyapatite O -solubility O -, O -bacterial O -growth O -, O -and O -acid O -production O -in O -five O -antigenic O -types O -of O -Streptococcus O -mutans O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -analyses O -of O -marker O -enzymes O -for O -peroxisomes O -( O -catalase O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -) O -, O -mitochondria O -( O -cytochrome O -oxidase O -) O -and O -lysosomes O -( O -acid O -phosphatase O -) O -were O -performed O -on O -kidneys O -at O -ages O -from O -17 O -days O -prenatal O -to O -adult O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -reactions O -were O -significantly O -inhibited O -when O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -, O -promethazine B-Chemical -( O -antihistamines O -) O -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -( O -antiserotonin O -) O -, O -or O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -( O -antihistamine O -and O -antiserotonin O -) O -was O -given O -30 O -min O -before O -endotoxin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -changes O -were O -inhibited O -by O -prior O -treatment O -with O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -released O -in O -mice O -at O -the O -initial O -stage O -after O -endotoxin O -synergistically O -trigger O -the O -bone O -marrow O -reactions O -, O -which O -then O -continue O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -further O -mediators O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -values O -below O -about O -6 O -. O -5 O -, O -lipase O -binds O -strongly O -to O -the O -substrate O -even O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -, O -and O -a O -low O -activity O -peak O -is O -seen O -around O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -ionic O -strength O -and O -ionic O -composition O -of O -assay O -buffers O -on O -the O -interaction O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -with O -plasma O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Increases O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -chloride B-Chemical -or O -barbiturate B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -from O -50 O -to O -200 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -caused O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -the O -affinity O -of O -plasma O -proteins O -for O -T4 O -, O -and O -a O -concurrent O -increase O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -unbound O -T4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -a O -systematic O -study O -on O -the O -composition O -of O -diluent O -buffer O -systems O -indicated O -that O -when O -a O -50 O -mM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -100 I-Chemical -mM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NaCl I-Chemical -buffer O -( O -pH O -7 O -- O -4 O -) O -was O -used O -as O -a O -plasma O -diluent O -, O -there O -were O -unlikely O -to O -be O -gross O -changes O -in O -the O -T4 O -- O -binding O -properties O -of O -plasma O -proteins O -with O -dilution O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -the O -Falck O -- O -Hillarp O -histochemical O -technique O -for O -monoamines B-Chemical -, O -evidence O -was O -found O -for O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -catecholamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -salivary O -gland O -nerves O -of O -the O -moth O -, O -Manduca O -sexta O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -seems O -likely O -that O -dopamine B-Chemical -mediates O -fluid O -- O -secretion O -in O -the O -salivary O -gland O -of O -Manduca O -as O -it O -does O -a O -number O -of O -other O -arthropods O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -diphosphate O -was O -shown O -to O -selectively O -attract O -human O -eosinophils O -from O -mixed O -granulocyte O -populations O -when O -over O -20 O -% O -eosinophils O -were O -used O -in O -a O -modified O -Boyden O -chamber O -chemotactic O -assay O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -linear O -dose O -dependent O -increase O -in O -eosinophil O -migration O -was O -observed O -between O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -and O -1 O -. O -25 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -, O -while O -higher O -concentrations O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -migration O -of O -eosinophils O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -upon O -eosinophil O -migration O -were O -demonstrable O -using O -three O -different O -assays O -: O -( O -a O -) O -counting O -cells O -that O -had O -traversed O -5 O -- O -mum O -pore O -, O -12 O -- O -mum O -thick O -polycarbonate O -filters O -, O -( O -b O -) O -counting O -cells O -that O -had O -migrated O -various O -distances O -into O -a O -3 O -- O -mum O -pore O -, O -145 O -- O -mum O -cellulose O -nitrate B-Chemical -filters O -, O -or O -( O -c O -) O -measuring O -the O -number O -of O -cells O -that O -had O -traversed O -an O -upper O -polycarbonate O -filter O -and O -migrated O -into O -a O -lower O -cellulose O -nitrate B-Chemical -filter O -using O -15Cr O -- O -labeled O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -preincubation O -of O -the O -eosinophils O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -deactivate O -the O -cells O -to O -further O -stimulation O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -or O -by O -C5a O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -paper O -reviews O -the O -history O -of O -understanding O -how O -biological O -systems O -can O -discriminate O -so O -strikingly O -among O -physically O -similar O -ions O -, O -especially O -alkali B-Chemical -cations O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -most O -invertebrate O -photoreceptors O -, O -light O -causes O -a O -depolarization O -due O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -conductance O -, O -principally O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -invertebrates O -, O -by O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -dependence O -of O -sensitivity O -on O -rhodopsin O -concentration O -is O -much O -less O -dramatic O -and O -may O -well O -depend O -simply O -on O -the O -probability O -of O -quantum O -catch O -. O - -aps B-category -Cock O -acrosin O -and O -endopeptidases O -such O -as O -trypsin O -, O -chymotrypsin O -, O -collagenase O -and O -elastase O -hydrolyzed O -the O -membrane O -whereas O -exopeptidases O -such O -as O -leucine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -and O -carboxypeptidase O -A O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -test O -the O -range O -of O -pH O -values O -over O -which O -the O -titratable O -carried O -model O -for O -inorganic O -anion O -exchange O -is O -valid O -, O -chloride B-Chemical -self O -- O -exchange O -across O -human O -red O -blood O -cells O -was O -examined O -between O -pH O -4 O -. O -75 O -and O -5 O -. O -7 O -at O -0 O -decrees O -c O -. O -It O -was O -found O -that O -chloride B-Chemical -self O -- O -exchange O -flux O -had O -a O -minimum O -near O -pH O -5 O -and O -increased O -again O -with O -further O -increase O -in O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chloride B-Chemical -flux O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -1 O -did O -not O -show O -the O -saturation O -kinetics O -reported O -at O -higher O -pH O -values O -but O -was O -proportional O -to O -the O -value O -of O -the O -chloride B-Chemical -concentration O -squared O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -interpretation O -of O -these O -findings O -is O -that O -the O -carrier O -- O -mediated O -flux O -becomes O -a O -progressively O -smaller O -fraction O -of O -the O -total O -flux O -at O -lower O -pH O -values O -and O -that O -a O -different O -transport O -mode O -requiring O -two O -chloride B-Chemical -ions O -to O -form O -the O -permeant O -species O -and O -having O -a O -low O -specificity O -and O -temperature O -dependence O -becomes O -significant O -below O -pH5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Ionic O -properties O -of O -the O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptor O -in O -cultured O -rat O -myotubes O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -pronounced O -bu O -incomplete O -biochemical O -conversion O -as O -judged O -by O -Ca2 O -+ O -uptake O -by O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -, O -myosin O -ATPase O -, O -alkali B-Chemical -lability O -, O -and O -light O -chain O -complement O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -yeast O -cells O -were O -incubated O -for O -4 O -to O -8 O -h O -in O -yeast O -extract B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -peptone I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -medium O -, O -pH O -6 O -, O -containing O -8 O -mM O -- O -manganese O -, O -and O -then O -plated O -on O -selective O -media O -, O -there O -was O -a O -strong O -induction O -of O -antibiotic O -- O -resistant O -mutations O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -on O -acridine O -inhibition O -and O -plasmid O -curing O -in O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -mutated O -spontaneously O -to O -resistance O -to O -acriflavine B-Chemical -plus O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Electron O -microscopic O -observation O -suggested O -that O -the O -presence O -of O -acriflavine B-Chemical -plus O -phosphate B-Chemical -affected O -the O -structure O -of O -the O -plasma O -membrane O -and O -the O -cytoplasm O -under O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -Acridine O -orange O -plus O -phosphate B-Chemical -can O -more O -effectively O -eliminate O -the O -plasmid O -F8 O -- O -gal O -+ O -than O -acridine O -orange O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxidation O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -and O -methane O -by O -suspensions O -and O -ultrasonic O -extracts O -of O -Pseudomonas O -methanica O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -evaluation O -of O -the O -spasmogenicity O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -on O -the O -basilar O -artery O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -finding O -supports O -a O -recent O -hypothesis O -of O -others O -that O -dopamine B-Chemical -may O -play O -a O -role O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -vasospasm O -, O -especially O -since O -many O -substances O -are O -known O -which O -fail O -to O -produce O -such O -spasm O -. O - -aps B-category -Fatty O -acid O -and O -ketone B-Chemical -body O -metabolism O -in O -the O -rat O -: O -response O -to O -diet O -and O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -Physical O -training O -( O -treadmill O -running O -) O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -doubling O -of O -the O -activity O -of O -skeletal O -muscle O -3 O -- O -oxoacid O -CoA O -transferase O -, O -a O -key O -enzyme O -in O -extrahepatic O -ketone B-Chemical -body O -utilization O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -this O -study O -indicate O -that O -physical O -training O -is O -associated O -with O -biochemical O -adaptations O -in O -ketone B-Chemical -body O -metabolism O -as O -well O -as O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidation O -, O -and O -that O -trained O -individuals O -are O -metabolically O -better O -endowed O -to O -benefit O -from O -the O -ketosis O -of O -exercise O -than O -untrained O -individuals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanisms O -of O -this O -depigmentation O -differed O -between O -the O -two O -species O -, O -being O -primarily O -associated O -with O -interference O -of O -absorption O -of O -xanthophyll O -( O -carotenoids B-Chemical -) O -from O -the O -intestinal O -lumen O -with O -E O -. O -acervulina O -infection O -and O -with O -leakage O -through O -the O -damaged O -wall O -of O -the O -cecum O -with O -E O -. O -tenella O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversely O -, O -uninoculated O -chicks O -and O -chicks O -inoculated O -with O -E O -. O -tenella O -showed O -significant O -and O -similar O -increases O -in O -plasma O -levels O -of O -carotenoids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -uninoculated O -chicks O -pair O -- O -fed O -with O -chicks O -inoculated O -with O -E O -. O -acervulina O -or O -E O -. O -tenella O -indicated O -that O -the O -decrease O -in O -plasma O -carotenoids B-Chemical -and O -increases O -in O -intestinal O -pH O -are O -not O -associated O -with O -the O -reduced O -intake O -of O -feed O -associated O -with O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -studies O -on O -the O -development O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -fatty O -liver O -in O -KK O -- O -Ay O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -persistent O -alteration O -was O -recognized O -in O -hepatic O -oxidation O -of O -palmitate O -, O -as O -estimated O -by O -in O -vitro O -experiments O -using O -liver O -slices O -obtained O -from O -control O -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -drinking I-Chemical -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increment O -in O -hepatic O -triglycerides B-Chemical -accumulated O -during O -ethanol B-Chemical -ingestion O -was O -largely O -accounted O -for O -by O -palmitoleic O -, O -oleic O -, O -and O -linoleic O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -Response O -of O -the O -fetal O -kidney O -to O -metabolic O -acidosis O -was O -studied O -in O -five O -fetal O -lambs O -, O -115 O -- O -125 O -days O -gestation O -, O -in O -order O -to O -evaluate O -the O -renal O -contribution O -to O -elimination O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -during O -intra O -- O -uterine O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -Serial O -arterial O -samples O -were O -taken O -and O -urine O -collected O -in O -fractions O -before O -, O -during O -and O -for O -three O -hours O -following O -the O -infusion O -, O -for O -measurements O -of O -pH O -, O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -electrolytes O -as O -well O -as O -urine O -output O -. O - -aps B-category -Ammonia B-Chemical -excretion O -increased O -from O -0 O -. O -21 O -to O -a O -maximum O -of O -0 O -. O -56 O -muEq O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -three O -hours O -after O -the O -end O -of O -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -90 O -minutes O -of O -infusion O -and O -over O -the O -following O -three O -hours O -, O -about O -800 O -mumole O -lactate B-Chemical -was O -excreted O -while O -net O -acid O -excretion O -over O -the O -same O -period O -was O -no O -more O -than O -half O -that O -amount O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -90 O -minutes O -of O -infusion O -, O -blood O -pH O -fell O -from O -7 O -. O -36 O -to O -7 O -. O -13 O -, O -base O -deficit O -rose O -from O -3 O -. O -8 O -to O -16 O -. O -4 O -mEq O -/ O -L O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -rose O -from O -2 O -. O -2 O -to O -14 O -. O -8 O -mM O -/ O -L O -; O -there O -was O -also O -a O -small O -but O -significant O -rise O -in O -both O -blood O -PCO2 O -and O -PO2 O -( O -Figs O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -renal O -excretion O -of O -net O -acid O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -was O -small O -, O -the O -decrease O -in O -blood O -base O -deficit O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -levels O -during O -the O -recovery O -must O -therefore O -be O -mainly O -due O -to O -equilibration O -in O -various O -fetal O -compartments O -as O -well O -as O -placental O -transfer O -. O - -aps B-category -Microsamples O -of O -blood O -were O -taken O -from O -both O -mother O -and O -fetus O -during O -labor O -and O -the O -following O -determinations O -were O -carried O -out O -: O -actual O -pH O -, O -pHqu O -40 O -, O -Hb O -concentration O -, O -hemoglobin O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -, O -base O -deficit O -Hb5 O -( O -BDHb5 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -results O -, O -it O -was O -concluded O -that O -: O -( O -a O -) O -I O -and O -III O -are O -in O -facile O -equilibrium O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -but O -appreciable O -amounts O -of O -III O -do O -not O -exist O -in O -dilute O -solutions O -with O -pH O -values O -below O -10 O -: O -( O -b O -) O -the O -photochemical O -reaction O -of O -I O -in O -water O -( O -presumably O -a O -photohydration O -) O -can O -be O -reversed O -by O -lyophilization O -, O -by O -heatiing O -, O -and O -by O -increasing O -the O -pH O -of O -solutions O -to O -values O -greater O -than O -12 O -; O -( O -c O -) O -the O -photochemical O -reaction O -of O -I O -can O -be O -inhibited O -by O -protecting O -the O -aqueous O -solutions O -from O -visible O -light O -, O -and O -the O -rate O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -light O -can O -be O -reduced O -by O -increasing O -the O -concentration O -of O -I O -in O -the O -solution O -; O -and O -( O -d O -) O -although O -the O -chloride B-Chemical -and O -sulfoacetate O -salts O -of O -I O -react O -identically O -and O -have O -similar O -solubilities O -in O -water O -, O -it O -is O -possible O -to O -prepare O -more O -concentrated O -and O -, O -hence O -, O -more O -stable O -solutions O -of O -the O -sulfoacetate O -salt B-Chemical -by O -including O -sodium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -in O -the O -solvent O -. O - -aps B-category -Solvolysis O -of O -a O -substituted O -imidazoline B-Chemical -, O -mazindol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -acetate O -, O -formate O -, O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffers O -as O -well O -as O -ionic O -strength O -on O -the O -observed O -rate O -constants O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Complexation O -in O -formulation O -of O -parenteral O -solutions O -: O -solubilization O -of O -the O -cytotoxic O -agent O -hexamethylmelamine B-Chemical -by O -complexation O -with O -gentisic O -acid O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Unprotonated O -hexamethylmelamine B-Chemical -did O -not O -form O -complexes O -with O -the O -gentisate O -ion O -, O -while O -the O -hexamethylmelammonium O -ion O -appeared O -to O -form O -several O -different O -complexes O -with O -both O -the O -gentidate O -ion O -and O -gentisic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -effect O -of O -dioctyl O -sodium B-Chemical -sulfosuccinate O -on O -trypsin O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -adsorption O -of O -diphenoxylate O -hydrochloride O -on O -activated O -charcoal B-Chemical -and O -its O -relationship O -to O -pharmacological O -effects O -of O -drug O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Langmuir O -adsorption O -isotherms O -were O -established O -at O -pH O -4 O -and O -7 O -, O -and O -the O -maximum O -adsorption O -capacity O -of O -charcoal B-Chemical -for O -this O -drug O -was O -estimated O -using O -these O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antipropulsive O -action O -of O -diphenoxylate O -in O -the O -mouse O -was O -strongly O -inhibited O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -activated O -charcoal B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -taurine O -- O -conjugated O -bile O -salts O -were O -strongly O -absorbed O -by O -the O -anion O -- O -exchange O -resin O -at O -low O -pH O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -anions O -. O - -aps B-category -Group O -contribution O -data O -obtained O -by O -ion O -- O -pair O -extraction O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -B2 O -with O -aliphatic O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Erythrocytes O -infected O -with O -Plasmodium O -berghei O -CS O -( O -chloroquine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -susceptible I-Chemical -) O -accumulate O -amodiaquin O -by O -a O -saturable O -process O -that O -has O -an O -apparent O -dissociation O -constant O -for O -amodiaquin O -of O -7 O -. O -6 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -and O -is O -competitively O -inhibited O -by O -chloroquine B-Chemical -, O -quinine B-Chemical -and O -quinacrine O -, O -as O -is O -the O -process O -of O -chloroquine B-Chemical -accumulation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -stimulates O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -, O -cold O -or O -interruption O -of O -glycolysis O -inhibits O -amodiaquin O -as O -well O -as O -chloroquine B-Chemical -accumulation O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -differences O -occur O -because O -P O -. O -berghei O -CR O -infects O -polychromatophilic O -erythrocytes O -possessing O -a O -high O -- O -affinity O -, O -substrate O -- O -independent O -process O -of O -accumulation O -to O -which O -amodiaquin O -has O -greater O -access O -than O -chloroquine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -neurochemistry O -of O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -: O -effect O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -L O -- O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -( O -dopa O -D O -) O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -, O -monoamine O -oxidase O -and O -catechol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -O I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -transferase O -were O -examined O -; O -in O -addition O -the O -tissue O -levels O -of O -dopa O -, O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -O I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -and O -homovanillic O -acid O -( O -HVA O -) O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -monoamine O -oxidase O -and O -catechol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -O I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -transferase O -in O -the O -striatal O -nuclei O -were O -not O -different O -from O -the O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -concentrations O -of O -DA O -in O -the O -striatum O -of O -these O -patients O -were O -1 O -) O -9 O -to O -15 O -times O -higher O -than O -those O -in O -non O -- O -dopa O -- O -treated O -patients O -, O -2 O -) O -related O -to O -the O -time O -before O -death O -of O -the O -last O -dose O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -and O -3 O -) O -greater O -in O -the O -striatum O -of O -patients O -clinically O -classified O -as O -" O -good O -responders O -" O -as O -compared O -to O -" O -poor O -responders O -. O -" O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -' O -s O -principal O -therapeutic O -effects O -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -are O -consistent O -with O -its O -transformation O -to O -DA O -in O -the O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -experiments O -were O -designed O -to O -study O -the O -mechanism O -of O -depletion O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -in O -the O -striatum O -produced O -by O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -m I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -( O -alpha O -- O -MMT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -striatal O -slices O -, O -both O -alpha O -- O -MMT O -and O -alpha O -- O -MMTA O -decreased O -the O -formation O -of O -3H O -- O -H2O O -and O -the O -accumulation O -of O -3H O -- O -DA O -from O -1 O -- O -3 O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -both O -inhibition O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -and O -DA O -release O -from O -storage O -sites O -by O -alpha O -- O -MMTA O -may O -account O -for O -the O -depletion O -of O -DA O -produced O -by O -the O -injection O -of O -alpha O -- O -MMT O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -way O -the O -pH O -profile O -of O -the O -gastric O -acid O -and O -pepsin O -responses O -to O -a O -liver O -extract O -meal O -kept O -in O -the O -Heidenhain O -pouch O -or O -gastric O -fistula O -as O -well O -as O -to O -exogenous O -stimuli O -such O -as O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -pentagastrin O -or O -Urecholine O -could O -be O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -dependent O -inhibition O -of O -the O -Heidenhain O -pouch O -response O -to O -the O -liver O -extract O -meal O -was O -not O -altered O -by O -topical O -application O -of O -a O -local O -anaesthetic O -and O -atropine B-Chemical -or O -by O -the O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -large O -doses O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -secretin O -or O -metiamide O -, O -which O -were O -shown O -to O -cause O -a O -marked O -inhibition O -of O -the O -main O -stomach O -response O -to O -the O -liver O -meal O -. O - -aps B-category -Greater O -numbers O -of O -epimastigotes O -, O -some O -in O -active O -binary O -divisions O -, O -were O -observed O -during O -the O -logarithmic O -phase O -of O -growth O -, O -and O -morphologic O -changes O -occurred O -during O -cultivation O -which O -correlated O -with O -increased O -acidity O -and O -a O -depletion O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -N O -- O -Isopropyl O -derivatives O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -dihydroxy O -- O -2 O -- O -aminotetralin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -peripheral O -evaluation O -, O -certain O -members O -of O -the O -series O -exhibited O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonist O -effects O -of O -lower O -activity O -than O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -compounds O -qualitatively O -paralleled O -the O -effects O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -assays O -based O -upon O -direct O -intrastriatal O -administration O -in O -rats O -, O -although O -they O -were O -less O -potent O -than O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -superficial O -intraepithelial O -potential O -difference O -measured O -with O -reference O -to O -the O -external O -solution O -( O -PDi O -) O -is O -negative O -with O -NaCl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Ringer I-Chemical -' O -s O -solution O -on O -both O -sides O -of O -the O -skin O -, O -displaying O -a O -minimum O -of O -- O -26 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -6 O -mV O -at O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -mum O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -commonly O -used O -initial O -fixatives O -( O -glutaraldehyde O -, O -acrolein B-Chemical -and O -formaldehyde O -) O -, O -2 O -% O -glutaraldehyde O -, O -alone O -in O -a O -slightly O -hypertonic O -buffer O -containing O -divalent O -ions O -, O -produced O -optimum O -erythrocyte O -preservation O -. O - -aps B-category -Interactions O -between O -cysteine B-Chemical -residues O -as O -probes O -of O -protein O -conformation O -: O -the O -disulphide O -bond O -between O -Cys O -- O -14 O -and O -Cys O -- O -38 O -of O -the O -pancreatic O -trypsin O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -) O -To O -simulate O -acute O -volume O -replacement O -, O -dilution O -experiments O -, O -in O -vitro O -, O -were O -performed O -employing O -both O -hemoglobin O -solution O -and O -Ringer O -' O -s O -lactate B-Chemical -in O -whole O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -of O -the O -animals O -with O -either O -chlorisondamine O -hydrochloride O -or O -a O -mixture O -of O -methysergide B-Chemical -and O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -significantly O -decreased O -postburn O -edema O -formation O -and O -protein O -leakage O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -, O -cofactor O -molecules O -for O -dfr O -, O -such O -as O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -reduced O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -, O -also O -inhibited O -the O -step O -in O -morphogenesis O -involving O -the O -addition O -of O -gene O -11 O -product O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimum O -temperature O -was O -between O -37 O -and O -40 O -C O -. O -The O -reaction O -was O -not O -inhibited O -by O -actinomycin O -D O -, O -rifampin B-Chemical -, O -or O -DNase O -, O -whereas O -RNase O -was O -completely O -inhibitory O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -plasma O -levels O -of O -FSH O -, O -LH O -and O -testosterone B-Chemical -in O -cryptorchidism O -with O -loading O -of O -luteinizing O -hormone O -- O -releasing O -hormone O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneously O -, O -the O -pressure O -in O -the O -common O -carotid O -artery O -was O -recorded O -and O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -of O -the O -blood O -was O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -can O -be O -supposed O -that O -the O -D O -- O -and O -M B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -serotonin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -reactive I-Chemical -, O -and O -probably O -also O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -reactive I-Chemical -structures O -participate O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -the O -interrelationship O -of O -ventilation O -and O -pulmonary O -circulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -chromatography O -and O -Agarose O -gel O -filtration O -we O -have O -partially O -purified O -a O -low O -Km O -cyclic B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -( O -AMP O -) O -phosphodiesterase O -from O -the O -100 O -, O -000 O -X O -g O -supernatant O -of O -rat O -kidneys O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -also O -demonstrated O -a O -nonspecific O -, O -high O -Km O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -and O -possibly O -a O -specific O -cyclic O -guanosine B-Chemical -monophosphate O -( O -GMP O -) O -phosphodiesterase O -in O -the O -soluble O -fraction O -from O -rat O -kidneys O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -aging O -on O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aldosterone I-Chemical -system O -was O -evaluated O -by O -comparing O -young O -( O -20 O -to O -30 O -yr O -) O -with O -elderly O -( O -62 O -to O -70 O -yr O -) O -healthy O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -age O -- O -related O -decreases O -in O -circulating O -renin O -and O -aldosterone B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -slight O -while O -subjects O -were O -supine O -and O -receiving O -normal O -sodium B-Chemical -intake O -; O -when O -upright O -and O -during O -sodium B-Chemical -depletion O -, O -they O -were O -more O -pronounced O -. O - -aps B-category -Aldosterone O -and O -cortisol B-Chemical -responses O -to O -corticotropin B-Chemical -infusion O -were O -unaltered O -in O -the O -elderly O -. O - -aps B-category -Modification O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -tubulo O -- O -glomerular O -feedback O -by O -extracellular O -volume O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -this O -reason O -, O -this O -deviation O -should O -be O -caused O -by O -the O -variation O -of O -the O -diffusion O -potential O -across O -the O -platinum B-Chemical -junctions O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -cells O -of O -plants O -and O -animals O -contain O -high O -concentrations O -of O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -and O -a O -much O -smaller O -amount O -of O -oxidised O -glutathione B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Irreversible O -perturbations O -of O -the O -glutathione B-Chemical -metabolism O -may O -be O -the O -reason O -for O -severe O -clinical O -symptoms O -of O -hemolytic O -anemia O -or O -, O -perhaps O -, O -of O -central O -nervous O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyperexcitability O -in O -the O -neural O -substrate O -of O -emotional O -behavior O -in O -cats O -after O -alcohol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -Substantial O -and O -prolonged O -withdrawal O -hyperexcitability O -in O -the O -neural O -substrate O -for O -affective O -defense O -was O -revealed O -by O -behavioral O -and O -electrophysiological O -measures O -in O -cats O -exposed O -to O -moderate O -to O -heavy O -doses O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -for O -periods O -ranging O -from O -6 O -to O -72 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Interactions O -of O -age O -, O -sex O -and O -long O -- O -term O -alcohol B-Chemical -intake O -in O -selectively O -bred O -strains O -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mediating O -role O -of O -emotions O -in O -alcohol B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -alcoholic O -methadone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -maintenance I-Chemical -patients O -with O -disulfiram B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -activation O -of O -brain O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -as O -a O -putative O -transmitter O -in O -the O -cerebral O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -characterization O -of O -rat O -serum O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -using O -a O -simplified O -radioenzymatic O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alkaline O -optimum O -isozyme O -was O -not O -inhibited O -by O -NaCN O -and O -was O -inhibited O -by O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -except O -at O -very O -low O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequently O -and O -in O -addition O -are O -computer O -alveolar O -- O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -pressure O -gradient O -, O -venous O -shunt O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -and O -expressed O -utilizing O -the O -capacity O -of O -the O -small O -- O -size O -computer O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrocortisone B-Chemical -hemisuccinate O -within O -4 O -hours O -after O -in O -vivo O -administration O -produced O -an O -increase O -in O -precursor O -incoporation O -into O -rat O -thymus O -RNA O -and O -proteins O -in O -the O -whole O -animal O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -were O -carried O -out O -to O -define O -the O -kinetic O -parameters O -of O -the O -major O -phosphate B-Chemical -transport O -processes O -of O -rat O -liver O -mitochondria O -, O -and O -to O -obtain O -information O -about O -the O -molecular O -properties O -of O -these O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -release O -of O -newly O -synthesised O -and O -newly O -captured O -GABA B-Chemical -from O -synaptosomes O -by O -potassium B-Chemical -depolarisation O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolonged O -activation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -noradrenergic O -neurones O -of O -rat O -brain O -by O -cholinergic O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Tentative O -classification O -of O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -- O -linked O -dehydrogenases O -in O -regard O -to O -their O -stereochemistry O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -transfer O -to O -the O -coenzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -vasculature O -of O -the O -rabbit O -ear O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amine B-Chemical -induced O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -rise O -in O -perfusion O -pressure O -when O -the O -preparation O -was O -perfused O -with O -Krebs O -' O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Metiamide O -competitively O -inhibited O -the O -depressor O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -results O -it O -was O -concluded O -that O -the O -predominant O -pressor O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -on O -the O -vascular O -bed O -of O -the O -rabbit O -ear O -is O -mediated O -through O -the O -H1 O -- O -receptors O -and O -the O -depressor O -effect O -of O -the O -amine B-Chemical -through O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -According O -to O -the O -concentrations O -which O -caused O -20 O -% O -of O -the O -maximal O -contraction O -( O -EC20 O -post O -) O -, O -the O -postsynaptic O -rank O -order O -of O -potency O -was O -: O -adrenaline B-Chemical -greater O -than O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -greater O -than O -oxymetazoline O -greater O -than O -naphazoline B-Chemical -greater O -than O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -tramazoline O -greater O -than O -alpha O -- O -methylnoradrenaline O -greater O -than O -methoxamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -For O -the O -investigation O -of O -presynaptic O -effects O -, O -the O -arteries O -were O -preincubated O -with O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -noradrenaline I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -phentolamine B-Chemical -shifted O -the O -presynaptic O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -for O -moradrenaline O -and O -oxymethazoline O -to O -the O -right O -. O - -aps B-category -Methoxamine B-Chemical -and O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -either O -did O -not O -change O -or O -enhanced O -, O -but O -never O -reduced O -, O -the O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Investigation O -into O -some O -imidazoline B-Chemical -compounds O -, O -with O -respect O -to O -peripheral O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -stimulation O -and O -depression O -of O -cardiovascular O -centers O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -/ O -20 O -the O -effect O -of O -that O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -injection O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -; O -( O -2 O -) O -in O -dogs O -treated O -with O -atropine B-Chemical -and O -in O -( O -3 O -) O -vagotomized O -cats O -( O -only O -NP O -, O -OM O -and O -St O -363 O -) O -a O -long O -lasting O -decrease O -in O -heart O -rate O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Gamma O -- O -hydroxybutyric O -acid O -( O -GHBA O -) O -in O -doses O -that O -increased O -the O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -content O -of O -rat O -brain O -failed O -to O -increase O -the O -affinity O -of O -striatal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -for O -its O -pterdine O -cofactor O -or O -to O -change O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -to O -the O -inhibition O -by O -DA O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -when O -GHBA O -was O -injected O -before O -haloperidol B-Chemical -it O -prevented O -the O -decrease O -in O -the O -apparent O -Kn O -of O -TH O -, O -in O -a O -dose O -related O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -peritoneal O -dialysis O -on O -factors O -affecting O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -decreases O -in O -serum O -urea B-Chemical -, O -creatinine B-Chemical -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -increase O -in O -serum O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -were O -not O -associated O -with O -changes O -in O -P50 O -, O -a O -reflection O -of O -hemoglobin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxygen I-Chemical -affinity O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -effects O -of O -ammonium B-Chemical -salts O -on O -renal O -histology O -and O -function O -in O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -artery O -infusion O -of O -NH4 O -acetate O -or O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -during O -arterial O -infusion O -of O -NH4Cl O -prevented O -significant O -acidosis O -and O -caused O -minimal O -histological O -changes O -, O -but O -depression O -of O -urine O -osmolality O -was O -not O -prevented O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -tissue O -damage O -followed O -renal O -exposure O -to O -high O -ammonium B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -metabolic O -or O -renal O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Clearance O -experiments O -in O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stone I-Chemical -patients O -( O -n O -= O -60 O -) O -and O -controls O -( O -n O -= O -60 O -) O -demonstrated O -significantly O -higher O -urinary O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -UA O -) O -in O -younger O -( O -less O -40 O -years O -) O -stone O -patients O -than O -controls O -( O -median O -: O -480 O -vs O -. O -351 O -mug O -/ O -min O -) O -but O -not O -in O -older O -( O -greater O -than O -40 O -years O -) O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversely O -urinary O -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -lower O -in O -younger O -patients O -than O -matched O -controls O -( O -males O -: O -224 O -vs O -. O -304 O -mug O -) O -and O -presumably O -is O -responsible O -for O -the O -more O -alkaline O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -varying O -dialysate O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -on O -the O -plasma O -calcium B-Chemical -fractions O -in O -patients O -on O -dialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -dialysis O -was O -performed O -with O -a O -bath O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -7 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -ml O -, O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -plasm O -- O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -in O -the O -post O -- O -dialysis O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -the O -central O -effects O -of O -sympathomimetic O -drugs O -: O -EEG O -and O -behavioural O -investigations O -on O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -naphazoline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -studies O -on O -the O -ganglionic O -and O -smooth O -muscle O -stimulating O -effect O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -on O -the O -peristaltic O -reflex O -of O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -isolated O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -Preliminary O -structural O -studies O -indicated O -large O -changes O -in O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -dispersed O -over O -a O -considerable O -length O -of O -the O -polypeptide O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -to O -fetal O -rabbits O -resulted O -in O -a O -42 O -% O -inhibition O -of O -pulmonary O -de O -novo O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -from O -acetyl O -coenzyme O -A O -( O -CoA O -) O -( O -P O -= O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -025 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -effect O -on O -pulmonary O -microsomal O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -elongation O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vitro O -activities O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -were O -similar O -in O -rabbit O -lung O -and O -thus O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -activity O -does O -not O -appear O -to O -be O -rate O -limiting O -for O -de O -novo O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -lung O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -a O -parallel O -study O -on O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -fetal O -liver O -, O -cortisol B-Chemical -administration O -resulted O -in O -a O -30 O -% O -increase O -in O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -025 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -response O -curves O -during O -hypothermia O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Zollinger O -- O -Ellison O -syndrome O -treated O -medically O -by O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -H2 O -histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Application O -to O -ampicillin B-Chemical -and O -amoxicillin B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -of O -these O -acid O -episodes O -became O -apparent O -12 O -to O -48 O -hr O -before O -clinical O -symptoms O -and O -before O -elevation O -of O -the O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -could O -be O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -Deuterium O -oxide O -isotope O -effects O -for O -kcat O -/ O -Kapp O -range O -from O -1 O -. O -1 O -for O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -to O -1 O -. O -9 O -for O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -acetate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -is O -rifampicin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -, O -requires O -single O -- O -stranded O -DNA O -, O -Mg O -+ O -+ O -, O -deoxynucleoside O -triphosphates O -, O -and O -ATP O -, O -and O -is O -stimulated O -by O -KCl O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -ubiquinone O -- O -1 O -to O -E O -. O -coli O -ML O -308 O -- O -225 O -membrane O -vesicles O -dramatically O -increases O -coupling O -between O -NADH O -oxidation O -and O -active O -transport O -such O -that O -initial O -rates O -and O -steady O -- O -state O -levels O -of O -lactose O -and O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -accumulation O -are O -comparable O -to O -those O -observed O -during O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -oxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -NADH O -and O -ubiquinone O -- O -1 O -, O -the O -vesicles O -also O -generate O -a O -membrane O -potential O -( O -interior O -negative O -) O -that O -is O -similar O -in O -magnitude O -to O -that O -observed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -During O -penicillin B-Chemical -treatment O -of O -an O -autolysin O -defective O -mutant O -pneumococcus O -we O -have O -observed O -three O -novel O -phenomena O -: O -( O -i O -) O -Growth O -of O -the O -mutant O -cultures O -is O -inhibited O -by O -the O -same O -concentrations O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -that O -induce O -lysis O -in O -the O -wild O -type O -. O - -aps B-category -Sensitivity O -of O -the O -cells O -to O -exogenous O -autolysin O -requires O -treatment O -with O -penicillin B-Chemical -or O -other O -inhibitors O -of O -cell O -wall O -synthesis O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -D O -- O -cycloserine O -or O -fosfonomycin O -) O -since O -exogenous O -autolysin O -alone O -has O -no O -effect O -on O -bacterial O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -one O -of O -these O -three O -phenomena O -( O -growth O -inhibition O -, O -sensitization O -to O -exogenous O -autolysin O -, O -and O -leakage O -of O -lipoteichoic O -acid O -) O -shows O -the O -same O -dose O -response O -as O -that O -of O -the O -penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -lysis O -of O -wild O -- O -type O -pneumococci O -. O - -aps B-category -Chloramphenicol O -protects O -bacteria O -against O -penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -lysis O -by O -interfering O -with O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -autolytic O -enzyme O -, O -rather O -than O -by O -depleting O -the O -concentration O -of O -the O -enzyme O -at O -the O -cell O -surface O -. O - -aps B-category -Euglena O -gracilis O -contains O -a O -protein O -system O -which O -can O -utilize O -the O -reducing O -power O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -in O -the O -ribonucleotide O -reductase O -- O -catalyzed O -reduction O -of O -CTP O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -ribonucleotide O -reductase O -active O -in O -the O -Euglena O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thioredoxin I-Chemical -reductase O -system O -is O -more O -complex O -than O -the O -protein O -reported O -in O -a O -previous O -publication O -[ O -( O -1974 O -) O -j O -. O -Biol O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -umbilical O -cord O -serum O -was O -found O -to O -contain O -both O -free O -folate B-Chemical -and O -folate B-Chemical -complexed O -to O -a O -high O -- O -molecular O -weight O -factor O -. O - -aps B-category -Acidification O -of O -the O -serum O -caused O -disassociation O -of O -the O -folate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binder I-Chemical -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -separated O -binding O -factor O -, O -either O -saturated O -or O -unsaturated O -with O -folate B-Chemical -, O -had O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -about O -40 O -, O -000 O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -affinity O -and O -specificity O -of O -the O -binder O -were O -examined O -by O -competition O -experiments O -using O -[ O -3H O -] O -pteroylglutamic O -acid O -and O -nonradioactive O -folate B-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Presence O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -related O -enzymes O -in O -isolated O -brain O -microvessels O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -effects O -of O -1 O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -cyclohexylureidophenoxy O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -3 O -- O -tert O -- O -butylaminopropane O -( O -talinolol O -, O -Cordanum O -, O -02 O -- O -115 O -) O -, O -practolol O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -the O -lipid O -content O -of O -the O -rat O -serum O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -experimental O -conditions O -of O -nonenzymatic O -reactivation O -of O -des O -- O -acetyl O -citrate B-Chemical -lyase O -from O -K O -. O -aerogenes O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Relationship O -between O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -structure O -and O -its O -chemical O -equilibria O -with O -hydrogen B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -data O -were O -interpreted O -by O -the O -conformational O -changes O -which O -can O -be O -induced O -when O -BSA O -is O -exposed O -to O -denaturation O -by O -acid O -and O -alkali B-Chemical -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -psysicochemical O -properties O -of O -mitochondrial O -and O -cell O -sap O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -from O -the O -rat O -CNS O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -showed O -that O -the O -mitochondrial O -enzyme O -was O -inhibited O -by O -maleate B-Chemical -, O -chlorides O -, O -acetate O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -with O -a O -high O -ionic O -strength O -( O -over O -1 O -. O -8 O -) O -, O -that O -its O -pH O -optimum O -lay O -between O -7 O -. O -5 O -and O -8 O -. O -5 O -, O -that O -it O -was O -thermolabile O -at O -over O -40 O -degrees O -C O -and O -that O -it O -was O -salted O -out O -from O -solutions O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -at O -0 O -. O -6 O -- O -- O -0 O -. O -8 O -saturation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -conclude O -from O -their O -results O -that O -two O -different O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -enzymes O -are O -present O -in O -the O -CNS O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -on O -young O -patients O -with O -simple O -schizophrenia O -, O -treated O -with O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -: O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -cross O -- O -over O -trial O -with O -Madopar O -and O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Nine O -patients O -were O -given O -900 O -mg O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Dopa I-Chemical -+ O -225 O -mg O -benserazid O -daily O -, O -1 O -patient O -received O -600 O -mg O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Dopa I-Chemical -+ O -150 O -mg O -benserazid O -, O -and O -3 O -patients O -, O -300 O -mg O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Dopa I-Chemical -+ O -75 O -mg O -benserazid O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cases O -where O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Dopa I-Chemical -had O -to O -be O -limited O -to O -600 O -and O -300 O -mg O -daily O -, O -a O -tendency O -to O -anxiety O -, O -distortion O -of O -thinking O -, O -and O -a O -sense O -of O -unreality O -were O -observed O -, O -depending O -on O -the O -dose O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Dopa I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cholinergic O -system O -and O -nociception O -in O -the O -primate O -: O -interactions O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -antinociceptive O -effect O -of O -physostigmine B-Chemical -, O -however O -, O -was O -difficult O -to O -separate O -from O -its O -nonspecific O -behavioral O -depressant O -effect O -and O -was O -probably O -not O -related O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -cholinergic O -tone O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -scopolamine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -05 O -and O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -high O -doses O -of O -physostigmine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -interacted O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -the O -shock O -titration O -paradigm O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -the O -cholinergic O -compounds O -produce O -antinociceptive O -effects O -through O -different O -mechanisms O -of O -the O -pain O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -new O -thienodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -, O -such O -as O -clotiazepam B-Chemical -and O -Y O -- O -7131 O -, O -on O -normal O -human O -sleep O -were O -investigated O -on O -5 O -subjects O -and O -compared O -to O -those O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -, O -such O -as O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -regard O -to O -NREM O -sleep O -, O -stage O -2 O -was O -significantly O -increased O -with O -15 O -mg O -of O -clotiazepam B-Chemical -and O -10 O -mg O -of O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -, O -but O -stage O -SWS O -was O -significantly O -decreased O -with O -10 O -mg O -of O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -first O -trial O -20 O -of O -them O -received O -bromazepam O -, O -thioridazine B-Chemical -, O -and O -placebo O -double O -blind O -cross O -over O -for O -2 O -weeks O -each O -, O -and O -in O -the O -second O -trial O -the O -active O -agents O -administered O -to O -the O -other O -20 O -participants O -were O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -and O -sulpiride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -drugs O -used O -only O -bromazepam O -impaired O -learning O -significantly O -, O -and O -the O -combined O -effect O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -and O -bromazepam O -on O -learning O -capacity O -was O -very O -deleterious O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -chronic O -exposure O -to O -stressors O -on O -avoidance O -- O -escape O -behavior O -and O -on O -brain O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Experiment O -2 O -showed O -that O -, O -whereas O -subjects O -that O -received O -one O -session O -of O -the O -inescapable O -shock O -stressor O -showed O -a O -lower O -level O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -in O -hypothalamus O -and O -cortex O -than O -did O -subjects O -that O -received O -no O -shock O -, O -subjects O -that O -received O -repeated O -exposure O -to O -inescapable O -shock O -or O -cold O -swim O -showed O -neurochemical O -" O -habituation O -. O -" O - -aps B-category -Behavior O -analysis O -of O -the O -effects O -and O -mechanisms O -of O -action O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -involvement O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -in O -the O -central O -actions O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -neurons O -: O -role O -of O -impulse O -flow O -and O -presynaptic O -receptors O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -x O -- O -irradiation O -on O -cell O -division O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -, O -and O -growth O -medium O -pH O -of O -an O -insect O -cell O -line O -cultured O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -amide O -( O -PLG O -) O -and O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -hormone O -( O -TRH O -) O -: O -DOPA O -potentiation O -and O -biogenic O -amine B-Chemical -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -cardiovascular O -and O -ionic O -changes O -in O -pathogenesis O -and O -prevention O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -cardiac O -necrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -cardiotoxic O -dose O -of O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -, O -blood O -pressure O -fell O -from O -117 O -to O -72 O -mm O -Hg O -, O -heart O -rate O -accelerated O -from O -326 O -to O -497 O -beats O -/ O -minute O -, O -and O -cardiac O -work O -diminished O -by O -about O -15 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -and O -verapamil B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -propranolol B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -depressor O -effect O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -completely O -, O -verapamil B-Chemical -enhanced O -it O -: O -blood O -pressure O -fell O -to O -46 O -mm O -Hg O -. O - -aps B-category -Decrease O -of O -blood O -pH O -and O -cardionecrotisation O -were O -enhanced O -when O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -was O -given O -together O -with O -4 O -. O -8 O -g O -/ O -kg O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -p O -. O -o O -. O - -aps B-category -Strong O -acidification O -can O -aggravate O -the O -cardiotoxicity O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -pargyline O -protected O -against O -ISO O -- O -induced O -necrosis O -and O -myocardial O -hypertrophy O -, O -but O -did O -not O -influence O -the O -ISO O -- O -induced O -depletion O -of O -NE O -stores O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -there O -is O -lack O -of O -correlation O -between O -chemical O -and O -morphological O -changes O -, O -since O -catecholamine B-Chemical -depletion O -occurred O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -morphologically O -demonstrable O -tissue O -injury O -, O -and O -the O -function O -of O -the O -adrenergic O -neuron O -returns O -to O -normal O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -demonstrable O -necrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Accordingly O -, O -in O -the O -early O -stage O -of O -the O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -necrotization O -process O -, O -the O -onset O -of O -ATP O -and O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -breakdown O -strictly O -parallels O -the O -acute O -Ca O -gain O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -the O -cell O -soluble O -supernatant O -fraction O -to O -an O -assay O -medium O -containing O -NADPH B-Chemical -generating O -system O -, O -mixed O -function O -oxidase O -substrate O -and O -microsomes O -, O -resulted O -in O -a O -stimulation O -of O -drug O -metabolism O -ranging O -from O -12 O -- O -75 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Hence O -, O -under O -our O -assay O -conditions O -, O -the O -soluble O -supernate O -( O -SS O -) O -is O -only O -providing O -sufficient O -NADPH B-Chemical -generator O -, O -and O -possibly O -relieving O -inhibition O -by O -the O -generated O -NADP O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -morphine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -increase O -the O -DA O -concentration O -of O -the O -brain O -stem O -while O -delta9THC O -increased O -NA O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Pressures O -, O -blood O -gases O -, O -pH O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -portal O -venous O -blood O -in O -patients O -after O -laparotomy O -during O -the O -first O -9 O -days O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -gas O -analysis O -showed O -a O -decrease O -of O -standard O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -only O -after O -the O -1 O -. O -5 O -J O -injury O -but O -even O -though O -hypoxaemia O -was O -not O -present O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -values O -and O -P50 O -increased O -, O -compared O -with O -the O -control O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxygen O -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -dissociation O -of O -duck O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simplified O -method O -for O -the O -calculation O -of O -erythrocyte O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -using O -the O -experimentally O -determined O -red O -cell O -pK O -' O -1 O -value O -has O -been O -formulated O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Duodenal O -dyskinesia O -( O -duodenal O -stasis O -) O -and O -modifiers O -of O -digestive O -tract O -behavior O -( O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -insulin O -, O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -pH O -upon O -fluoride B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -intact O -enamel O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -part O -of O -this O -paper O -deals O -with O -the O -in O -vitro O -uptake O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -from O -dentifrice O -slurries O -and O -from O -sodium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -solutions O -of O -different O -pH O -ranging O -from O -7 O -. O -1 O -to O -4 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -part O -of O -the O -paper O -deals O -with O -the O -rate O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -uptake O -( O -increase O -in O -fluoride B-Chemical -content O -) O -from O -dentifrices O -in O -the O -same O -pH O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -Plaque O -pH O -was O -determined O -with O -microelectrode O -equipment O -before O -and O -after O -mouth O -rinsing O -with O -a O -sucrose B-Chemical -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -G6PDH O -) O -was O -shown O -earlier O -to O -be O -increased O -in O -homogeneous O -leukoplakias O -of O -the O -oral O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -difference O -was O -found O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -G6PDH O -between O -smokers O -and O -nonsmokers O -when O -related O -to O -the O -activity O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -, O -which O -is O -known O -to O -be O -invariable O -in O -healthy O -and O -leukoplakic O -oral O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Muscle O -was O -examined O -biochemically O -, O -and O -the O -study O -included O -the O -sarcoplasmic O -ATPase O -- O -activity O -, O -actinomycin O -, O -Mg2 O -+ O -ATPase O -activity O -, O -ATP O -, O -phosphocreatine O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Nurses O -' O -drug O -information O -: O -therapeutic O -action O -group O -: O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Nurses O -' O -drug O -information O -; O -therapeutic O -action O -group O -: O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -administration O -of O -AMCA B-Chemical -on O -fibrinolytic O -activity O -and O -the O -haemorrhage O -lends O -support O -to O -the O -assumption O -of O -such O -a O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -plasma O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -declined O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydrogen B-Chemical -clearance O -method O -was O -used O -to O -measure O -local O -and O -total O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -( O -CBF O -) O -in O -the O -rhesus O -monkey O -before O -and O -for O -five O -hours O -after O -a O -simulated O -subarachnoid O -hemorrhage O -( O -SAH O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -and O -PCO2 O -on O -brain O -uptake O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -analogues O -was O -studied O -in O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -hypoxia O -( O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -18 O -% O -) O -resulted O -in O -approximately O -a O -40 O -% O -decrease O -in O -the O -BUI O -of O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -and O -a O -45 O -% O -decrease O -in O -the O -BUI O -of O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -0 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hypocapnia O -( O -PCO2 O -= O -15 O -mm O -Hg O -) O -increased O -the O -BUI O -of O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -0 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -by O -35 O -% O -of O -the O -control O -value O -, O -and O -this O -increase O -was O -extremely O -sensitive O -to O -competitive O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -concentrations O -, O -and O -acid O -- O -base O -balance O -of O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -in O -experimentally O -induced O -intracerebral O -and O -subarachnoid O -hemorrhage O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -CSF O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -lactate B-Chemical -/ O -pyruvate B-Chemical -ratio O -( O -L O -/ O -P O -ratio O -) O -increased O -progressively O -following O -the O -intracranial O -injection O -of O -blood O -and O -reached O -the O -maximum O -level O -at O -six O -hours O -after O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Shed O -blood O -cells O -per O -se O -produce O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -and O -blood O -in O -the O -subarachnoid O -space O -and O -intracerebral O -hematomas O -cause O -secondary O -changes O -in O -brain O -tissue O -metabolism O -by O -a O -probable O -reduction O -of O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -association O -of O -an O -increase O -in O -CSF O -lactate B-Chemical -to O -a O -disproportionate O -decrease O -in O -CSF O -HCO O -- O -3 O -was O -also O -observed O -in O -these O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -investigations O -were O -reported O -on O -neostriatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -concentrations O -and O -the O -relative O -uptake O -and O -accumulation O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopamine I-Chemical -by O -this O -tissue O -from O -fetal O -to O -adult O -stages O -, O -to O -provide O -quantitative O -data O -for O -correlation O -with O -the O -fluorexcence O -information O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -significance O -of O -these O -finding O -s O -as O -related O -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -secretion O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparative O -study O -of O -rat O -adenohypophysis O -extract O -and O -its O -alcohol B-Chemical -fractions O -was O -performed O -by O -two O -variants O -of O -the O -method O -of O -electrophoresis O -in O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -: O -at O -pH O -9 O -, O -5 O -and O -with O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -pH O -optimum O -in O -0 O -. O -2 O -M O -tris O -acetate O -is O -equal O -to O -6 O -. O -5 O -and O -in O -0 O -. O -2 O -potassium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -- O -7 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Properties O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -of O -the O -brain O -of O -rats O -during O -ontogenesis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -adding O -various O -concentrations O -of O -a O -- O -ketoglutaric O -acid O -into O -the O -incubation O -medium O -the O -differences O -are O -registered O -in O -the O -degree O -and O -character O -of O -the O -age O -changes O -in O -brain O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -in O -comparison O -with O -this O -enzyme O -form O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -means O -of O -mutants O -with O -blocked O -GMP O -- O -synthetase O -the O -purine B-Chemical -precursors O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -were O -shown O -to O -belong O -to O -guanylic O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -fact O -evidences O -for O -identity O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -precursors O -in O -the O -yeast O -P O -. O -guilliermondii O -and O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -change O -in O -the O -content O -of O -flavins O -in O -the O -cells O -has O -no O -effect O -on O -synthesis O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -synthetase O -; O -at O -the O -same O -time O -iron B-Chemical -deficiency O -in O -the O -cells O -evokes O -derepression O -of O -this O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidently O -, O -in O -P O -. O -guilliermondii O -a O -certain O -form O -of O -nonheminic O -iron B-Chemical -might O -take O -part O -in O -regulating O -synthesis O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -other O -enzymes O -participating O -in O -riboflavin B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidently O -, O -the O -mechanisms O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -and O -flavin O -nucleotides O -biosynthesis O -regulation O -would O -be O -different O -in O -P O -. O -guilliermondii O -. O - -aps B-category -Ions O -of O -lead B-Chemical -in O -a O -concentration O -of O -0 O -. O -4 O -mM O -evoke O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -ATPase O -activity O -in O -the O -medium O -containing O -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -in O -nuclei O -of O -the O -rabbit O -skeletal O -muscles O -by O -35 O -% O -and O -in O -nuclei O -of O -horse O -bean O -meristem O -by O -15 O -% O -in O -the O -medium O -containing O -Ca2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -EDTA O -was O -completely O -nullified O -by O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -, O -but O -the O -inhibition O -by O -iodoacetate O -was O -not O -overcome O -by O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -stable O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -8 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -the O -behaviour O -of O -the O -excretion O -of O -protein O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -alpha O -- O -glucosidase O -, O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -and O -lysozyme O -with O -the O -urine O -was O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -is O -based O -on O -the O -determination O -of O -inorganic O -phosphorus B-Chemical -released O -by O -the O -action O -of O -the O -two O -enzymes O -on O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- O -monophosphate O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -5 O -( O -200 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -tris O -- O -buffer O -) O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -absence O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Absorption O -of O -short O -and O -medium O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -jejunum O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -marked O -influence O -of O -medium O -- O -pH O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -chain O -- O -length O -suggests O -that O -non O -- O -ionic O -diffusion O -through O -the O -lipoid O -membrane O -is O -quantitatively O -the O -most O -important O -way O -of O -transport O -, O -but O -ionic O -diffusion O -through O -the O -membrane O -as O -well O -as O -transport O -through O -hydrophilic O -pores O -also O -seem O -to O -play O -a O -role O -. O - -aps B-category -Carcinogenic O -N O -- O -nitro O -- O -dimethylamine O -from O -the O -reaction O -of O -the O -analgesic O -amidopyrine O -and O -nitrite B-Chemical -extracted O -from O -foodstuffs O -. O - -aps B-category -Unde O -physiological O -conditions O -the O -carcinogenic O -dimethylnitrosamine O -was O -formed O -at O -milligram O -levels O -at O -nitrite B-Chemical -concentrations O -as O -low O -as O -4 O -mg O -( O -in O -175 O -ml O -extracted O -from O -100 O -g O -boiled O -ham O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Histochemical O -observations O -on O -the O -occurrence O -of O -glycolytic O -and O -pentose B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -cycle O -enzymes O -in O -the O -hepatopancreas O -and O -their O -possible O -relation O -to O -eyestalk O -factor O -( O -s O -) O -in O -the O -crab O -Scylla O -serrata O -( O -Forskal O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -on O -the O -staphylococcal O -growth O -in O -milk O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -microbes O -were O -grown O -on O -the O -casein B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -agar O -for O -36 O -hours O -and O -were O -washed O -with O -chilled O -0 O -. O -5 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -were O -carried O -out O -on O -linear O -mice O -immunized O -with O -sheep O -erythrocytes O -; O -it O -was O -found O -that O -the O -primary O -immune O -respose O -developed O -against O -the O -background O -of O -significant O -changes O -in O -the O -state O -of O -the O -sympathico O -- O -adrenal O -system O -, O -whose O -activity O -was O -determined O -by O -the O -dynamics O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -the O -blood O -and O -in O -the O -tissues O -of O -a O -number O -of O -organs O -, O -including O -the O -thymus O -, O -the O -spleen O -and O -the O -lymph O -nodes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -exhibited O -two O -pH O -optima O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -and O -7 O -. O -5 O -in O -triethanolamine O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -the O -vagus O -nerve O -on O -isolated O -rabbit O -atria O -in O -ganglionic O -blockade O -due O -to O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -the O -facilitating O -action O -is O -irreversible O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemical O -relaxation O -studies O -on O -the O -system O -liver O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -NADH O -and O -imidazole O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -group O -of O -proteins O -was O -readily O -extracted O -at O -neutrality O -from O -trichloroacetic O -acid O -precipitates O -of O -staphylococcal O -culture O -filtrate O -supernatants O -, O -while O -alpha O -- O -toxin O -was O -dissolved O -and O -activated O -by O -treating O -the O -precipitate O -with O -8 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -, O -with O -acidic O -buffers O -or O -by O -heating O -to O -90 O -- O -100 O -degrees O -C O -at O -neutrality O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alpha O -- O -haemolytic O -fractions O -with O -pI O -' O -s O -of O -7 O -. O -4 O -and O -8 O -. O -6 O -were O -shown O -to O -consist O -of O -alpha O -- O -toxin O -only O -when O -analyzed O -by O -acrylamide O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -type I-Chemical -psychostimulants O -on O -brain O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -hydromorphone B-Chemical -, O -and O -meperidine B-Chemical -produced O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -number O -( O -per O -cent O -) O -of O -fetal O -anomalies O -only O -up O -to O -a O -certain O -maternal O -dose O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -narcotic O -antagonists O -nalorphine O -, O -naloxone B-Chemical -, O -levallophan O -, O -and O -cyclazocine O -blocked O -the O -teratogenic O -effects O -of O -both O -single O -and O -multiple O -doses O -of O -the O -narcotics O -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneous O -perfusion O -to O -proximal O -convoluted O -tubules O -and O -peritubular O -capillaries O -was O -used O -to O -study O -the O -effects O -of O -different O -perfusion O -fluids O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -reabsorption O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -secretion O -, O -which O -was O -calculated O -as O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -and O -titratable O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Bicarbonate O -stimulates O -both O -sodium B-Chemical -reabsorption O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -secretion O -, O -but O -Tris O -stimulates O -only O -sodium B-Chemical -reabsorption O -. O - -aps B-category -Diamox O -inhibited O -both O -net O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extracellular O -space O -( O -ECS O -) O -of O -muscle O -from O -each O -ventricle O -of O -the O -heart O -( O -RV O -and O -LV O -) O -, O -the O -atria O -, O -diaphragm O -, O -and O -quadriceps O -was O -estimated O -in O -the O -anesthetized O -rabbit O -from O -the O -distribution O -volumes O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -insulin O -, O -[ O -14C O -] O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -[ O -51Cr O -] O -EDTA O -, O -and O -C1 O -- O -- O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -canine O -atrial O -plateau O -fibers O -were O -treated O -with O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -or O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -to O -note O -the O -effects O -on O -the O -transmembrane O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -consistently O -increased O -the O -slope O -of O -phase O -4 O -depolarization O -. O - -aps B-category -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -also O -enhanced O -the O -plateau O -phase O -of O -the O -action O -potential O -and O -decreased O -the O -rising O -velocity O -and O -overshoot O -. O - -aps B-category -Dextropropranolol O -, O -1 O -. O -0 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -, O -did O -not O -block O -effects O -produced O -by O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interstitial O -fluid O -pressure O -of O -the O -submucosa O -of O -the O -gastric O -fundus O -was O -monitored O -by O -means O -of O -Guyton O -' O -s O -capsules O -in O -dogs O -anesthetized O -with O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -whenever O -interstitial O -fluid O -appeared O -in O -the O -gastric O -lumen O -during O -hypertension O -plus O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -the O -mean O -ICP O -increased O -, O -mostly O -due O -to O -augmented O -capillary O -filtration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -part O -will O -review O -the O -literature O -on O -prophylactic O -treatment O -of O -affective O -disorders O -with O -lithium B-Chemical -and O -tricyclics O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -14 O -patients O -undergoing O -surgery O -with O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -the O -development O -of O -metabolic O -acidosis O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Assay O -of O -proteolytic O -enzyme O -with O -a O -leucine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -selective I-Chemical -electrode O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -electrochemical O -determination O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Protective O -effect O -of O -hypothermia O -in O -cerebral O -oxygen B-Chemical -deficiency O -caused O -by O -arterial O -hypoxia O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -PaO2 O -torr O -, O -there O -was O -no O -change O -in O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -( O -CBF O -) O -, O -cerebrla O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -( O -CMRO2 O -) O -, O -or O -labile O -tissue O -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -at O -27 O -C O -with O -a O -PaO2 O -of O -25 O -torr O -the O -total O -oxygen B-Chemical -content O -( O -TO2 O -) O -of O -arterial O -blood O -remained O -greater O -than O -15 O -ml O -( O -100 O -ml O -) O -- O -1 O -, O -about O -three O -times O -the O -value O -obtained O -at O -this O -PO2 O -in O -normothermic O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -good O -correlations O -for O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -and O -antipyrine O -, O -but O -not O -for O -salicylate B-Chemical -and O -quinine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -sugars O -impairs O -this O -transport O -in O -the O -diminishing O -hierarchy O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -, O -D O -- O -mannose O -, O -D O -- O -xylose O -, O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -, O -L O -- O -lyxose O -, O -D O -- O -araboascorbate O -, O -L O -- O -sorbose O -and O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ribose I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Transport O -of O -DHA O -is O -accelerated O -by O -copper B-Chemical -ion O -and O -allows O -dehydroascorbate O -to O -move O -against O -a O -concentration O -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -Carcinofetal O -alterations O -in O -glucosamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -liver O -upon O -neoplastic O -transformation O -, O -the O -level O -of O -glucosamine O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthetase O -rises O -and O -the O -liver O -form O -of O -the O -enzyme O -having O -a O -pI O -at O -5 O -. O -0 O -is O -replaced O -by O -a O -form O -with O -a O -pI O -of O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -) O -shared O -electrophoretic O -mobility O -, O -inactivation O -by O -urea B-Chemical -, O -inhibition O -by O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -ethylenediaminetetraacetate O -, O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -L O -- O -phenylalanine O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -and O -L O -- O -homoarginine O -) O -, O -heat O -stability O -, O -sensitivity O -to O -neuraminidase O -, O -pH O -optimum O -, O -Km O -value O -, O -and O -antigen O -site O -with O -fast O -moving O -ALP O -isozymes O -of O -FL O -cell O -strain O -derived O -from O -human O -amniotic O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -more O -heat O -stable O -and O -more O -sensitive O -to O -inhibition O -by O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -than O -Hepatoma O -AP O -. O - -aps B-category -Conventional O -and O -nitrite B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -frankfurters O -in O -loosely O -wrapped O -packages O -were O -compared O -as O -to O -their O -ability O -to O -support O -growth O -of O -Salmonella O -, O -Staphylococcus O -, O -and O -their O -naturally O -occurring O -spoilage O -flora O -at O -7 O -C O -( O -simulating O -refrigerated O -storage O -) O -and O -20 O -C O -( O -simulating O -possible O -temperature O -abuse O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -20 O -C O -growth O -of O -Salmonella O -, O -Staphylococcus O -, O -and O -of O -the O -spoilage O -flora O -was O -, O -at O -most O -, O -only O -slightly O -faster O -on O -nitrite B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -frankfurters O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -either O -type O -of O -frankfurter O -can O -become O -hazardous O -due O -to O -growth O -of O -Salmonella O -or O -Staphylococcus O -, O -no O -unusual O -or O -additional O -hazard O -resulted O -from O -the O -omission O -of O -nitrite B-Chemical -from O -frankfurters O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -for O -dextran B-Chemical -with O -an O -average O -molecular O -weight O -of O -10 O -, O -000 O -was O -estimated O -to O -be O -1 O -. O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -. O -The O -electrophoretic O -mobility O -of O -the O -dextranase O -was O -distinctly O -different O -from O -that O -of O -a O -Penicillium O -- O -derived O -commercial O -dextranase O -. O - -aps B-category -Mixed O -function O -oxidation O -of O -hexobarbital O -and O -generation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -by O -the O -hexose O -monophosphate O -shunt O -in O -isolated O -rat O -liver O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoionic O -titration O -and O -isopycnic O -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -studies O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -activation O -and O -subunit O -dissociation O -in O -yeast O -enolase O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -net O -charge O -on O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deuterium I-Chemical -exchange O -parameters O -of O -lysozyme O -. O - -aps B-category -PH O -dependence O -of O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphate O -inhibition O -of O -hexokinase O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymatic O -synthesis O -and O -reactions O -of O -uridine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -( O -5 O -- O -thio O -- O -alphaD O -- O -glucopyranosyl O -pyrophosphate O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenothiazine O -- O -induced O -bone O -marrow O -depression O -( O -BMD O -) O -was O -evaluated O -in O -three O -separate O -but O -complementary O -data O -bases O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -Among O -1 O -, O -048 O -patients O -admitted O -to O -psychiatric O -hospitals O -, O -there O -was O -no O -evidence O -of O -subclinical O -depression O -of O -the O -white O -blood O -cell O -( O -WBC O -) O -count O -attributable O -to O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -used O -before O -admission O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Tumour O -hyperacidulation O -through O -intravenous O -glucose B-Chemical -infusion O -enhanced O -by O -amygdalin O -and O -beta O -- O -glucosidase O -application O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -combined O -administration O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -amygdalin O -and O -beta O -- O -glucosidase O -evoked O -a O -significant O -cancerostatic O -effect O -hypogenesis O -, O -tumour O -regression O -) O -being O -comparable O -with O -the O -action O -of O -an O -Ifosfamid O -dosage O -of O -150 O -mg O -- O -kg O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Propoxyphene O -and O -its O -major O -metabolite O -norpropoxyphene O -have O -been O -determined O -in O -blood O -and O -liver O -in O -29 O -cases O -of O -death O -in O -which O -propoxyphene O -, O -either O -as O -the O -hydrochloride O -or O -as O -the O -napsylate O -salt B-Chemical -, O -was O -involved O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -the O -acid O -base O -status O -of O -sheep O -anaesthetised O -with O -a O -combination O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -sulphate I-Chemical -acepromazine O -and O -ketamine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -decrease O -in O -pH O -and O -PaO2 O -and O -a O -rise O -in O -PaCO2 O -was O -observed O -15 O -minutes O -after O -administration O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -values O -for O -standard O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -base O -excess O -and O -reduced O -pH O -were O -not O -significantly O -affected O -. O - -aps B-category -Cell O -- O -associated O -Marek O -' O -s O -disease O -( O -MD O -) O -vaccine O -was O -suspended O -at O -dilutions O -normally O -used O -for O -vaccination O -in O -seven O -commercially O -available O -diluents O -and O -in O -tryptose O -phosphate B-Chemical -broth O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -acute O -and O -chronic O -nicotine B-Chemical -hydrogen B-Chemical -( O -+ O -) O -- O -tartrate O -administration O -and O -subsequent O -withdrawal O -on O -rat O -liver O -tryptophan B-Chemical -pyrrolase O -activity O -and O -their O -comparison O -with O -those O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -nicotine B-Chemical -treatment O -inhibits O -, O -and O -subsequent O -withdrawal O -enhances O -, O -the O -pyrrolase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -above O -effects O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -resemble O -to O -a O -remarkable O -degree O -those O -previously O -shown O -for O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -etioplasts O -of O -dark O -- O -grown O -bean O -leaves O -showed O -ATPase O -( O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -) O -activity O -which O -had O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -8 O -. O -5 O -, O -was O -stimulated O -by O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -and O -unaffected O -by O -light O -- O -triggering O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -of O -these O -isolates O -, O -W6A O -and O -W3A1 O -, O -grow O -only O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -out O -of O -50 O -non O -- O -C1 O -compounds O -tested O -, O -whereas O -the O -third O -isolate O -S2A1 O -and O -Bacillus O -PM6 O -grow O -on O -betaine B-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -gluconate O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -citrate B-Chemical -and O -nutrient O -agar O -, O -but O -not O -on O -any O -of O -a O -further O -56 O -non O -- O -C1 O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Extracts O -of O -trimethylamine O -- O -grown O -PM6 O -and O -S2A1 O -methylotrophs O -have O -( O -i O -) O -very O -low O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -dehydrogenase O -specific O -activities O -, O -( O -ii O -) O -comparatively O -high O -specific O -activities O -of O -succinate O -dehydrogenase O -, O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -succinyl O -- O -CoA O -synthetase O -and O -( O -iii O -) O -NADP O -+ O -- O -dependent O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -activity O -but O -no O -NAD O -+ O -- O -dependent O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -in O -desaturase O -activity O -of O -liver O -from O -obese O -mice O -at O -48 O -weeks O -corresponded O -to O -a O -change O -in O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -liver O -lipids O -toward O -that O -found O -in O -lean O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -1 O -mm O -- O -NaF O -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -stimulated O -the O -incorporation O -of O -oleate O -into O -the O -choline B-Chemical -glycerophospholipids O -, O -phosphatidylinositol O -, O -ethanolamine O -glycerophospholipids O -, O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -and O -phosphatidic O -acid O -of O -synaptic O -membranes O -incubated O -in O -10 O -mm O -- O -Tris O -- O -HCl O -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimum O -concentration O -of O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -for O -stimulation O -by O -10 O -mum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -noradrenaline I-Chemical -was O -10 O -mum O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylcholine O -, O -carbamoylcholine O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -also O -stimulated O -the O -incorporation O -of O -oleate O -into O -choline B-Chemical -glycerophospholipids O -of O -synaptic O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Transfer O -of O -oleate O -from O -oleoyl O -- O -CoA O -was O -not O -appreciably O -stimulated O -by O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -but O -was O -stimulated O -by O -ATP O -and O -MgCl2 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -an O -aqueous O -solution O -containing O -10mM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NaCl I-Chemical -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -0 O -one O -Mg2 O -+ O -ion O -was O -bound O -for O -every O -two O -phosphate B-Chemical -groups O -of O -the O -teichoic O -acid O -, O -with O -an O -apparent O -association O -constant O -, O -Kassoc O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -the O -amount O -of O -Mg2 O -+ O -bound O -to O -the O -teichoic O -acid O -and O -the O -apparent O -association O -constants O -were O -similar O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -10 O -mM O -concentrations O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -or O -KCl O -but O -decreased O -markedly O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -10 O -mM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -CaCl2 I-Chemical -because O -of O -competition O -between O -Ca2 O -+ O -and O -Mg2 O -+ O -for O -the O -binding O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -the O -H O -+ O -concentration O -on O -the O -activation O -by O -Mg2 O -+ O -ions O -of O -alkaline O -pig O -kidney O -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -investigated O -between O -pH O -8 O -. O -4 O -and O -10 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxidation O -was O -inhibited O -by O -several O -mono O -- O -and O -poly B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenols I-Chemical -and O -by O -catalase O -. O - -aps B-category -Benzylpenicillin B-Chemical -and O -ampicillin B-Chemical -( O -6 O -- O -[ O -D O -( O -- O -) O -- O -alpha O -- O -aminophenylacetamido O -] O -penicillanic O -acid O -) O -were O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -benzylpenicillin B-Chemical -both O -kcat O -. O - -aps B-category -for O -ampicillin B-Chemical -differed O -, O -however O -, O -presumably O -because O -of O -the O -polar O -group O -in O -the O -side O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -completely O -dependent O -for O -its O -activity O -on O -the O -presence O -of O -Tris O -or O -one O -of O -a O -number O -of O -related O -amines B-Chemical -, O -all O -of O -general O -structure O -: O -( O -See O -article O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -one O -of O -these O -amines B-Chemical -is O -known O -to O -exist O -in O -living O -tissues O -and O -large O -concentrations O -of O -all O -amines B-Chemical -were O -required O -for O -maximum O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -values O -and O -the O -amine B-Chemical -Km O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -inhibited O -by O -rather O -large O -concentrations O -of O -barbiturates O -( O -6 O -- O -46 O -mM O -) O -and O -nitro B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alcohol I-Chemical -analogues O -of O -the O -activating O -amines B-Chemical -( O -66 O -- O -139 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -1 O -mM O -- O -EDTA O -or O -a O -high O -concentration O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -( O -over O -0 O -. O -5M O -) O -decreased O -the O -affinity O -of O -RNA O -for O -the O -filter O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -NADP O -- O -specific O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -of O -Neurospora O -crassa O -was O -digested O -with O -trypsin O -, O -and O -peptides O -accounting O -for O -441 O -out O -of O -the O -452 O -residues O -of O -the O -polypeptide O -chain O -were O -isolated O -and O -substantially O -sequenced O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extracellular O -proteinase O -of O -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -strain O -V8 O -was O -used O -to O -digest O -the O -NADP O -- O -specific O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -of O -Neurospora O -crassa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -of O -Neurospora O -NADP O -- O -specific O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Activities O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -, O -NAD O -+ O -- O -linked O -and O -NADP O -+ O -- O -linked O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenases O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -nervous O -tissues O -from O -vertebrates O -and O -invertebrates O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -higher O -animals O -the O -activities O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -are O -greater O -than O -the O -sum O -of O -activities O -of O -the O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenases O -, O -whereas O -they O -are O -similar O -in O -nervous O -tissues O -from O -the O -lower O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -are O -high O -in O -most O -nervous O -tissues O -and O -the O -activities O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -are O -high O -in O -all O -nervous O -tissue O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -insect O -tissues O -, O -anaerobic O -glycolysis O -may O -result O -in O -the O -formation O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -rather O -than O -lactate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -5 O -- O -aminolaevulinate O -synthetase O -correlated O -well O -with O -the O -induction O -of O -microsomal O -N O -- O -demethylation O -of O -p O -- O -chloro O -- O -N O -- O -methylaniline O -, O -except O -for O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -, O -which O -induced O -the O -microsomal O -oxidase O -relatively O -more O -than O -the O -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -variant O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -: O -G6PD O -Fort O -Worth O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -non O -- O -amidine O -products O -in O -the O -chemical O -modification O -of O -horse O -liver O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -with O -imido O -esters O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -the O -adenylylation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -by O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfone O -during O -nitrogenase O -derepression O -. O - -aps B-category -Phase O -changes O -induced O -by O -cyclopropane O -of O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -bilayers O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -absence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Utilization O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -for O -tryptophan B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitrosation O -of O -phenacetin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -No O -intact O -N O -- O -nitroso O -- O -2 O -- O -nitro O -- O -4 O -- O -ethoxyacetanilide O -can O -be O -detected O -when O -phenacetin B-Chemical -is O -nitrosated O -under O -conditions O -simulating O -those O -in O -the O -stomach O -( O -37 O -degrees O -C O -, O -pH O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -resulting O -diazoester O -dissociates O -into O -the O -corresponding O -diazonium O -salt B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -From O -testing O -a O -new O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivative O -, O -8 O -- O -chloro O -- O -1 O -- O -phenyl O -- O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -4 O -, O -5 O -- O -tetrahydro O -- O -1H O -- O -1 O -, O -5 O -- O -benzodiazepin O -- O -2 O -- O -one O -( O -Bu O -1014 O -) O -, O -as O -measured O -against O -a O -placebo O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -, O -the O -following O -conclusions O -can O -be O -drawn O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rat O -foot O -edema O -carrageenan B-Chemical -test O -has O -proved O -to O -be O -a O -fairly O -reliable O -predictor O -of O -clinical O -dose O -for O -most O -acidic O -antiinflammatory O -agents O -of O -moderate O -serum O -half O -- O -life O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -On O -the O -pharmacology O -of O -9 O -, O -10 O -- O -dihydro O -- O -10 O -- O -( O -1 O -- O -methyl O -- O -4 O -- O -piperidylidene O -) O -- O -9 O -- O -anthrol O -( O -WA O -335 O -) O -, O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -antagonist O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -histamine I-Chemical -and O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -serotonin I-Chemical -activities O -of O -compound O -WA O -335 O -on O -the O -smooth O -muscle O -and O -the O -capillary O -do O -not O -only O -exceed O -that O -of O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -but O -also O -that O -of O -pimethixene O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anti O -- O -anaphylactic O -effect O -is O -much O -stronger O -than O -that O -of O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -examinations O -on O -the O -bronchus O -of O -the O -guinea O -pig O -and O -the O -pupil O -of O -the O -mouse O -, O -the O -atropine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -efficiency O -corresponds O -to O -that O -of O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -; O -it O -is O -stronger O -on O -the O -stimulated O -vagus O -of O -the O -cat O -and O -less O -efficient O -than O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -on O -the O -stomach O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -pimethixene O -, O -compound O -WA O -335 O -like O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -potentiates O -the O -effects O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -in O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -on O -body O -temperature O -in O -the O -rat O -is O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -the O -behaviour O -of O -dogs O -and O -cats O -is O -distinctly O -altered O -already O -by O -doses O -of O -WA O -335 O -which O -cause O -a O -slight O -sedation O -. O - -aps B-category -WA O -335 O -- O -BS O -also O -displayed O -stronger O -activity O -against O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -central O -tremorine O -- O -induced O -effects O -than O -did O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -and O -it O -slightly O -enhanced O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -effects O -: O -therefore O -it O -may O -have O -antidepressant B-Chemical -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -EEG O -- O -experiments O -in O -the O -conscious O -rabbit O -the O -serotonin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -antagonistic I-Chemical -drugs O -WA O -335 O -- O -BS O -and O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -exerted O -stronger O -depressant O -activity O -on O -the O -arousal O -reactions O -than O -did O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -3 O -kinds O -of O -parasympatholytic O -drugs O -( O -timepidiumbromide O -, O -hyoscine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -butylbromide I-Chemical -and O -prifinium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bromide I-Chemical -) O -and O -placebo O -( O -physiological O -saline O -solution O -) O -on O -the O -gastrointestinal O -tract O -were O -evaluated O -roentgenographically O -by O -double O -blind O -technique O -in O -a O -total O -of O -101 O -male O -human O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -timepidium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bromide I-Chemical -was O -significantly O -different O -from O -that O -of O -placebo O -on O -the O -site O -of O -arrival O -of O -barium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -result O -showed O -that O -the O -effect O -of O -timepidium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bromide I-Chemical -was O -significantly O -greater O -than O -that O -of O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Micellar O -solubilization O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -aqueous O -media O -containing O -bile O -salts O -and O -phospholipids O -. O - -aps B-category -Over O -the O -pH O -range O -2 O -- O -0 O -- O -7 O -- O -4 O -, O -the O -order O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -solubility O -in O -aqueous O -solutions O -containing O -bile O -salts O -was O -linoleic O -greater O -than O -oleic O -greater O -than O -elaidic O -greater O -than O -palmitic O -greater O -than O -stearic O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -bile O -salts O -and O -lecithin O -, O -the O -solubility O -of O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -elaidic O -acid O -decreased O -with O -increasing O -pH O -of O -the O -micellar O -solution O -, O -indicating O -a O -competitive O -effect O -between O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -anions O -and O -lecithin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effectiveness O -of O -phosphatidylethanolamine O -as O -an O -amphiphile O -was O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -lecithin O -, O -although O -at O -pH O -3 O -. O -0 O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -solubility O -was O -greater O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -phosphatidylethanolamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -the O -products O -of O -phospholipolysis O -of O -phosphatidylcholine O -on O -micellar O -solubilization O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -bile O -salts O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -the O -1 O -- O -acyl O -and O -2 O -- O -acyl O -isomers O -of O -lysolecithin O -increased O -the O -solubility O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -to O -the O -same O -extent O -, O -the O -order O -of O -solubility O -being O -linoleic O -greater O -than O -oleic O -greater O -than O -elaidic O -greater O -than O -palmitic O -greater O -than O -stearic O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -solutions O -in O -which O -the O -phospholipid O -concentration O -was O -constant O -on O -a O -molar O -basis O -, O -in O -solubility O -of O -palmitic O -acid O -decreased O -linearly O -with O -the O -progressive O -replacement O -of O -lecithin O -by O -lysolecithin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -are O -discussed O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -action O -of O -phospholipolytic O -activity O -on O -the O -intestinal O -absorption O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -sheep O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -low O -molecular O -weight O -folate B-Chemical -binding O -protein O -( O -FABP O -) O -has O -been O -purified O -1000 O -- O -fold O -to O -a O -specific O -activity O -of O -7 O -. O -2 O -gamma O -g O -of O -pteroylglutamic O -acid O -( O -PGA O -) O -bound O -per O -mg O -of O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -PGA O -to O -purified O -FABP O -dependent O -on O -pH O -and O -is O -inhibited O -by O -urea B-Chemical -. O -. O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heavy O -chains O -were O -indistinguishable O -for O -the O -N O -- O -terminal O -45 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -Cleavage O -exposes O -a O -new O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -terminal I-Chemical -phenylalanine O -residue O -and O -may O -occur O -at O -the O -Glx392 O -- O -Phe393 O -bond O -although O -the O -possibility O -exists O -that O -it O -occurs O -at O -another O -X O -- O -Phe O -bond O -in O -the O -unsequenced O -region O -of O -residues O -400 O -- O -402 O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -activation O -is O -completely O -reversed O -by O -isolated O -apolipoprotein O -- O -serine O -or O -apolipoprotein B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Purine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -pyrophosphotransferase O -from O -Streptomyces O -morookaensis O -, O -capable O -of O -synthesizing O -pppApp O -and O -pppGpp O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -synthesizes O -purine B-Chemical -nucleoside B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -mono O -, O -di O -, O -or O -tri O -) O -3 O -' O -- O -diphosphates O -such O -as O -pppApp O -, O -ppApp O -, O -pApp O -, O -pppGpp O -, O -ppGpp O -and O -pppIpp O -by O -transferring O -a O -pyrophosphoryl O -group O -from O -the O -5 O -' O -- O -position O -of O -ATP O -, O -dATP O -and O -ppApp O -to O -the O -3 O -' O -- O -position O -of O -purine B-Chemical -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -: O -nicotinamide O -mononucleotide O -adenylyltransferase O -of O -pig O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -striking O -differences O -were O -the O -loss O -of O -one O -histidine O -and O -one O -methionine B-Chemical -in O -the O -isoenzyme O -, O -corresponding O -to O -residues O -24 O -and O -27 O -, O -respectively O -, O -in O -alpha O -- O -phospholipase O -A2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -was O -also O -inhibited O -by O -caffeine B-Chemical -and O -theophylline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -after O -release O -from O -Aerobacter O -aerogenes O -cells O -by O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -lauryl O -sulfate O -extraction O -was O -purified O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -, O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -column O -chromatography O -and O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -100 O -gel O -filtration O -to O -80 O -- O -fold O -of O -the O -original O -sodium B-Chemical -lauryl O -sulfate O -extract O -activity O -, O -It O -gave O -a O -single O -band O -on O -disc O -electrophoresis O -, O -and O -the O -molecular O -weight O -by O -gel O -filtration O -was O -54 O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -resemble O -each O -other O -in O -their O -pH O -optima O -of O -8 O -. O -2 O -, O -their O -molecular O -weight O -of O -240 O -000 O -, O -their O -responses O -to O -various O -active O -site O -inhibitors O -and O -metal O -cations O -, O -and O -their O -specificities O -towards O -seventeen O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -naphthylamide I-Chemical -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -appear O -to O -be O -true O -aminopeptidases O -hydrolysing O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -amides O -, O -dipeptides O -and O -oligopeptides O -from O -the O -N O -- O -terminal O -end O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Acid O -and O -alkaline O -denaturation O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -covalent O -bonding O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -is O -essential O -for O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -activity O -of O -the O -protein O -or O -synthetic O -copper B-Chemical -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -kinetic O -data O -are O -given O -on O -the O -oxidation O -reaction O -of O -dioxyfumaric O -acid O -( O -DFA O -) O -with O -atmospheric O -oxygen B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -horseradish O -peroxidase O -( O -HRP O -) O -depending O -on O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Autocatalytic O -character O -of O -FRA O -oxidation O -is O -shown O -to O -be O -due O -to O -the O -formation O -of O -H2O2 B-Chemical -and O -other O -hydro O -peroxide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -type I-Chemical -compounds O -in O -the O -reaction O -, O -HRP O -convertions O -in O -the O -DFA O -- O -- O -O2 O -system O -are O -studied O -using O -spectrophotometry O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -essential O -change O -in O -the O -absorption O -spectrum O -of O -enzyme O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -some O -thiol B-Chemical -compound O -- O -- O -DL O -- O -homocysteine O -, O -beta O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -( O -cosubstrates O -of O -the O -reaction O -) O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -( O -a O -primary O -reaction O -substrate O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -found O -to O -release O -from O -RNA O -guanosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' O -- O -monophosphate O -and O -guanosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -' O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -cyclophosphate O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -shown O -that O -for O -the O -reaction O -catalyzed O -by O -" O -biodegradative O -" O -L O -- O -threonine O -dehydratase O -from O -E O -. O -coli O -strains O -K O -- O -12 O -and O -980 O -in O -0 O -. O -5 O -M O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -buffer O -, O -pH O -8 O -. O -4 O -and O -pH O -9 O -. O -5 O -, O -the O -plots O -of O -initial O -reaction O -rate O -( O -v O -) O -versus O -the O -initial O -substrate O -concentration O -( O -[ O -S O -] O -0 O -are O -characterized O -by O -several O -inflection O -points O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -an O -intermediate O -plateau O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -observed O -that O -in O -the O -course O -of O -evolution O -of O -vertebrates O -the O -Km O -values O -for O -substrates O -and O -allosteric O -activator O -( O -AMP O -) O -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -inhibition O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -showed O -a O -decrease O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -the O -latter O -procedure O -PFK O -can O -be O -resolved O -into O -fractions O -A O -, O -B O -and O -C O -which O -are O -eluted O -specifically O -, O -with O -0 O -. O -3 O -M O -buffer O -and O -with O -1 O -. O -5 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -shown O -that O -in O -the O -conditions O -of O -oxidation O -of O -NADH O -and O -succinate O -by O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -also O -of O -ATP O -hydrolysis O -, O -the O -decrease O -in O -the O -phosphorylating O -activity O -of O -the O -particles O -under O -the O -action O -of O -phospholipases O -C O -and O -D O -accelerates O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -was O -more O -pronounced O -with O -ethyl O -lactate B-Chemical -than O -with O -N O -- O -tosyl O -arginine O -methyl O -ester O -( O -TAME O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Vmax O -, O -calculated O -per O -g O -of O -active O -enzyme O -, O -with O -TAME O -as O -the O -substrate O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -immobilization O -, O -while O -Vmax O -with O -ethyl O -lactate B-Chemical -decreased O -greater O -than O -tenfold O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -are O -explained O -in O -terms O -of O -diffusional O -resistance O -and O -a O -possible O -attraction O -of O -ethyl O -lactate B-Chemical -to O -the O -glass O -surface O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -conditioning O -with O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -, O -prompt O -but O -only O -transient O -engraftment O -of O -the O -transplant O -occurred O -accompanied O -by O -signs O -of O -mild O -graft O -- O -versus O -- O -host O -- O -disease O -( O -GVHD O -) O -of O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibly O -increased O -risk O -of O -graft O -rejection O -or O -severe O -GVHD O -should O -not O -preclude O -the O -use O -of O -unrelated O -HL O -- O -A O -and O -MLC O -- O -identical O -marrow O -donors O -, O -when O -histocompatible O -sibling O -donors O -are O -not O -available O -; O -but O -more O -potent O -immunosuppressive O -regimens O -than O -the O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -protocol O -may O -be O -necessary O -to O -ensure O -permanent O -engraftment O -. O - -aps B-category -Stability O -studies O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -in O -intravenous O -fluids O -using O -optical O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -concentrations O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -in O -various O -organs O -, O -arterial O -plasma O -and O -venous O -outflow O -from O -isolated O -hearts O -of O -adult O -chickens O -have O -been O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemical O -sympathectomy O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -caused O -a O -decrease O -of O -the O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -heart O -to O -20 O -and O -23 O -% O -and O -in O -the O -spleen O -to O -16 O -and O -29 O -% O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -adrenaline B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -perfusate O -( O -20 O -- O -28 O -% O -) O -was O -not O -significantly O -different O -from O -the O -relative O -adrenaline B-Chemical -concentration O -remaining O -in O -these O -hearts O -( O -19 O -- O -22 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -The O -effects O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -on O -cardiac O -rate O -and O -tension O -development O -were O -studied O -in O -spontaneously O -beating O -right O -atria O -and O -electrically O -driven O -left O -atria O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -the O -cardio O -- O -vaseart O -rate O -, O -cardiac O -tension O -development O -and O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -, O -was O -not O -significantly O -different O -from O -that O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Antiarrhythmic O -, O -haemodynamic O -and O -metabolic O -effects O -of O -3alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -androstan I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -one I-Chemical -hydrochloride O -in O -greyhounds O -following O -acute O -coronary O -artery O -ligation O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -In O -dogs O -pretreated O -with O -ORG6001 O -, O -metabolic O -changes O -indicative O -of O -myocardial O -ischaemia O -( O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -efflux O -) O -were O -less O -marked O -than O -those O -occurring O -in O -control O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Presence O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -enzymes O -of O -the O -serotonergic O -, O -adrenergic O -and O -cholinergic O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -cAMP B-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TPH O -) O -, O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -( O -AADC O -) O -and O -monoamine O -oxidase O -( O -MAO O -) O -were O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -and O -acetylcholinesterase O -, O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -postnatal O -ontogeny O -the O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -T O -- O -OH O -) O -, O -which O -is O -localized O -to O -adrenergic O -neurons O -, O -increased O -50 O -- O -fold O -in O -iris O -, O -and O -34 O -- O -fold O -in O -pineal O -nerve O -terminals O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Excess O -Zn2 O -+ O -which O -competes O -for O -the O -Mg2 O -+ O -site O -leads O -to O -a O -phosphatase O -with O -little O -catalytic O -activity O -at O -alkaline O -pH O -but O -with O -normal O -active O -sites O -at O -acidic O -pH O -as O -shown O -by O -covalent O -incorporation O -of O -ortho O -- O -[ O -32P O -] O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -significant O -differences O -between O -the O -two O -enzymes O -were O -, O -however O -, O -found O -: O -the O -solubilized O -alpha O -, O -alpha O -- O -trehalase O -floated O -at O -70 O -% O -saturation O -of O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -while O -the O -free O -alpha O -, O -alpha O -- O -trehalase O -did O -not O -; O -the O -solubilized O -alpha O -, O -alpha O -- O -trehalase O -did O -not O -dissociate O -into O -subunits O -as O -readily O -as O -did O -the O -free O -one O -; O -and O -the O -solubilized O -alpha O -, O -alpha O -- O -trehalase O -was O -found O -to O -bind O -more O -readily O -to O -a O -hydrophobic O -grouping O -than O -the O -free O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -L O -- O -[ O -alphaS O -, O -5S O -] O -- B-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -, O -5 O -- O -dihydro O -- O -5 O -- O -isoxazoleacetic O -acid O -( O -NSC O -- O -163501 O -) O -, O -an O -antibiotic O -elaborated O -by O -Streptomyces O -sviceus O -, O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -a O -powerful O -inhibitor O -of O -many O -mammalian O -and O -bacterial O -reactions O -involving O -the O -transfer O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -from O -the O -gamma O -- O -carboxamide O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -NSC O -- O -163501 O -treatment O -of O -L1210 O -cells O -growing O -in O -a O -low O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -culture O -medium O -produced O -arrest O -in O -G O -or O -early O -S O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -studies O -on O -the O -antitumor O -activity O -of O -lankacidin O -C O -and O -eight O -of O -its O -derivatives O -against O -L1210 O -leukemia O -and O -solid O -6C3HED O -/ O -OG O -lymphosarcoma O -demonstrated O -that O -replacement O -of O -the O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -group O -at O -position O -8 O -or O -14 O -of O -lankacidin O -C O -by O -an O -acyloxy O -group O -potentiated O -antitumor O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -a O -single O -administration O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -on O -the O -immune O -response O -and O -lymphoid O -tissues O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Tyramine O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -) O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitor O -( O -pheniprazine O -, O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -and O -a O -phosphodiesterase O -inhibitor O -( O -theophylline B-Chemical -, O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -) O -significantly O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -stimulated O -renin O -release O -when O -values O -were O -compared O -to O -control O -observations O -for O -media O -containing O -only O -the O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Benzyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitroanilide I-Chemical -is O -used O -as O -the O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -I O -describe O -a O -simple O -, O -single O -- O -tube O -batch O -fractionation O -procedure O -for O -separating O -MM O -and O -MB O -isoenzymes O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -on O -a O -macroporous O -strong O -anion O -exchanger O -( O -AG O -MP O -- O -1 O -, O -Bio O -- O -Rad O -Laboratories O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -GP O -I O -Barcelona O -was O -a O -fast O -variant O -( O -116 O -% O -) O -with O -an O -increased O -isoelectric O -point O -( O -9 O -. O -55 O -) O -, O -lability O -to O -heat O -and O -to O -urea B-Chemical -, O -and O -shift O -of O -the O -pH O -curve O -towards O -the O -acidic O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -reports O -of O -fluroxene O -toxicity O -in O -man O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -treatment O -on O -the O -toxicity O -and O -metabolism O -of O -fluroxene O -was O -studied O -in O -9 O -rhesus O -monkeys O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenobarbital B-Chemical -treatment O -enhanced O -production O -of O -fluroxene O -metabolites O -, O -including O -the O -highly O -toxic O -trifluoroethanol O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -concentrations O -and O -the O -time O -- O -course O -of O -beta O -blockade O -due O -to O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -If O -the O -dose O -ratio O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -DR O -) O -is O -measured O -, O -then O -( O -DR O -- O -1 O -) O -declines O -with O -time O -in O -parallel O -with O -drug O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -and O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -as O -surgical O -premedicants O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -in O -128 O -patients O -, O -lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -2 O -and O -4 O -mg O -, O -and O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -, O -50 O -and O -100 O -mg O -, O -were O -given O -intravenously O -in O -a O -randomized O -sequence O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -renal O -elimination O -of O -procainamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -subject O -received O -500 O -mg O -of O -PCA O -intravenously O -at O -weekly O -intervals O -while O -in O -a O -state O -of O -( O -1 O -) O -acid O -load O -( O -NH4Cl O -) O -and O -water O -deprivation O -, O -( O -2 O -) O -acid O -load O -and O -water O -excess O -, O -( O -3 O -) O -alkali B-Chemical -load O -( O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -) O -and O -water O -deprivation O -, O -and O -( O -4 O -) O -alkali B-Chemical -load O -and O -water O -excess O -. O - -aps B-category -Seasonal O -variations O -in O -the O -composition O -of O -urine O -in O -relation O -to O -calcium B-Chemical -stone O -- O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -daily O -urine O -volume O -and O -pH O -and O -the O -exretions O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -oxalate O -, O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -creatinine B-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -were O -related O -to O -the O -time O -of O -year O -when O -the O -urine O -was O -collected O -, O -and O -the O -saturation O -of O -urine O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -oxalate O -and O -octocalcium O -phosphate B-Chemical -calculated O -for O -each O -month O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -significant O -seasonal O -variation O -in O -urinary O -pH O -, O -volume O -, O -creatinine B-Chemical -, O -phosphate B-Chemical -or O -magnesium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -were O -dependent O -only O -on O -the O -seasonal O -variation O -in O -urinary O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -oxalate O -and O -not O -on O -urine O -volume O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -glutathione B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -a I-Chemical -comparative O -study O -of O -erythrocytes O -from O -various O -species O -of O -marsupials O -in O -Australia O -. O - -aps B-category -Protein O -and O -energy O -utilization O -by O -the O -insect O -, O -Argyrotaenia O -velutinana O -( O -Walker O -) O -, O -fed O -diets O -containing O -graded O -levels O -of O -an O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -mixture O -. O - -aps B-category -Intestinal O -absorption O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -rats O -infected O -with O -Nematospiroides O -dubius O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -divalent O -cations O -on O -allosteric O -behaviour O -of O -muscle O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -from O -the O -sea O -mussel O -Mytilus O -edulis O -L O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -treatment O -, O -repetitive O -therapeutic O -courses O -with O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -and O -heparin B-Chemical -are O -of O -fundamental O -importance O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -neurotic O -anxiety O -: O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -According O -to O -the O -global O -rating O -of O -illness O -week O -after O -week O -, O -after O -four O -weeks O -of O -treatment O -more O -patients O -on O -lorazepam B-Chemical -than O -on O -diazepam B-Chemical -were O -normal O -or O -had O -mild O -illness O -( O -82 O -. O -1 O -% O -vs O -. O -70 O -. O -8 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -reduction O -in O -score O -on O -the O -Hamilton O -Anxiety O -Scale O -was O -17 O -. O -7 O -for O -lorazepam B-Chemical -and O -16 O -. O -5 O -for O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -treated O -with O -lorazepam B-Chemical -had O -side O -effects O -, O -against O -six O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -pH O -and O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -on O -the O -quaternary O -structure O -of O -E O -. O -coli O -glutamate B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Repeated O -oral O -treatment O -of O -male O -rats O -with O -piperazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -substituted I-Chemical -phenothiazine O -drugs O -in O -doses O -of O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -or O -more O -daily O -led O -to O -an O -accumulation O -of O -metabolites O -containing O -an O -ethylenediamine O -group O -instead O -of O -the O -piperazine B-Chemical -ring O -. O - -aps B-category -Parallel O -observations O -were O -made O -in O -dogs O -given O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -in O -daily O -doses O -of O -up O -to O -40 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -metabolites O -were O -isolated O -from O -dog O -urine O -, O -including O -4 O -- O -hydroxyphenyl O -, O -dihydrodiol O -, O -and O -catechol B-Chemical -derivatives O -of O -triflubazam O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -catechol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -0 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -ether B-Chemical -was O -detected O -in O -monkey O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ether B-Chemical -and O -ester O -glucuronides O -were O -identified O -in O -human O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -interaction O -was O -observed O -between O -MK O -- O -647 O -and O -bishydroxycoumarin O -in O -the O -prothrombin O -time O -test O -nor O -with O -tolbutamide O -in O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Gas O -chromatography O -- O -mass O -spectrometry O -was O -used O -to O -identify O -metabolites O -of O -spironolactone B-Chemical -in O -human O -blood O -and O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -About O -half O -of O -this O -radioactivity O -was O -extracted O -with O -chloroform B-Chemical -at O -pH O -3 O -and O -from O -this O -extract O -four O -stable O -metabolites O -were O -isolated O -by O -use O -of O -column O -and O -thin O -- O -layer O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mixed O -- O -function O -oxidation O -of O -14C O -- O -labled O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylaminofluorene I-Chemical -( O -AAF O -) O -was O -investigated O -in O -placental O -and O -fetal O -tissues O -of O -humans O -and O -monkeys O -( O -Macaca O -nemestrina O -) O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -treatment O -on O -phenacetin B-Chemical -O O -- O -dealkylation O -in O -several O -inbred O -mouse O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -the O -magnitude O -of O -induction O -of O -phenacetin B-Chemical -O O -- O -dealkylation O -is O -considerably O -less O -than O -that O -of O -benzo O -[ O -a O -] O -pyrene O -hydroxylation O -, O -the O -data O -indicate O -that O -in O -mice O -, O -the O -metabolism O -of O -these O -two O -substrates O -is O -under O -similar O -regulatory O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -has O -been O -shown O -not O -to O -be O -due O -to O -inhibition O -of O -hydrolysis O -of O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -or O -interference O -with O -its O -determination O -, O -or O -to O -preferential O -formation O -of O -other O -phenolic O -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -alpha O -, O -alpha O -' O -- O -Dipyridyl O -, O -however O -, O -enhances O -phenol B-Chemical -formation O -from O -all O -three O -carbonacylanilides O -, O -but O -does O -not O -affect O -that O -from O -methanesulfonanilide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -gastrointestinal O -absorption O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Absorption O -from O -other O -regions O -of O -the O -intestine O -was O -similar O -to O -that O -from O -the O -duodenum O -; O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -absorption O -from O -the O -stomach O -was O -markedly O -slower O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -and O -spectral O -studies O -of O -type O -I O -and O -type O -II O -compounds O -with O -rat O -hepatic O -microsomes O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -major O -metabolite O -of O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -was O -assayed O -in O -rat O -liver O -homogenates O -and O -microsomes O -in O -order O -to O -calculate O -microsomal O -recoveries O -and O -correct O -for O -losses O -during O -ultracentrifugation O -or O -sedimentation O -in O -presence O -of O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -8M O -urea B-Chemical -, O -the O -peak O -continued O -to O -behave O -as O -a O -large O -molecular O -weight O -form O -on O -both O -Sephadex O -chromatography O -and O -on O -polyacrylamide O -disc O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Horse O -liver O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -reacted O -with O -glyoxal O -at O -different O -pH O -values O -ranging O -from O -6 O -. O -0 O -to O -9 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Steady O -- O -state O -kinetic O -analysis O -suggests O -that O -the O -activated O -enzyme O -is O -not O -subjected O -to O -substrate O -inhibition O -and O -that O -its O -Michaelis O -constant O -for O -ethanol B-Chemical -is O -three O -times O -larger O -than O -that O -of O -the O -native O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -effects O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -and O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -on O -isolated O -nervous O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -and O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -raised O -threshold O -and O -lowered O -spike O -amplitude O -in O -isolated O -sciatic O -nerves O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -varying O -in O -vivo O -effects O -of O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -and O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -may O -be O -due O -to O -a O -difference O -in O -their O -action O -upon O -excitable O -membranes O -( O -rather O -than O -to O -a O -different O -regional O -distribution O -in O -brain O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -delta O -- O -chymotrypsin O -the O -reactivity O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -192 I-Chemical -towards O -p O -- O -nitrophenacyl O -bromide B-Chemical -is O -strongly O -reduced O -when O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -of O -isoleucine O -- O -16 O -has O -been O -acetylated O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -indeed O -observed O -that O -its O -chemical O -reactivity O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -depends O -on O -the O -ionization O -state O -of O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -of O -isoleucine O -- O -16 O -( O -pKapp O -9 O -at O -15 O -degrees O -C O -) O -as O -does O -the O -structure O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -result O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -192 I-Chemical -oxidation O -the O -apparent O -pK O -of O -the O -alkaline O -transition O -is O -shifted O -from O -9 O -to O -about O -11 O -at O -15 O -degrees O -C O -. O -This O -is O -reflected O -in O -the O -disappearance O -of O -the O -lag O -phase O -previously O -observed O -for O -the O -initial O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -when O -it O -is O -incubated O -at O -alkaline O -pH O -[ O -Eur O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -this O -lag O -phase O -is O -similar O -to O -that O -which O -shows O -up O -in O -the O -activity O -during O -the O -isomerization O -of O -the O -enzyme O -from O -its O -alkaline O -to O -its O -neutral O -state O -, O -the O -present O -data O -are O -interpreted O -as O -implying O -a O -concerted O -movement O -of O -isoleucine O -- O -16 O -and O -methionine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -192 I-Chemical -during O -this O -isomerization O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -spectroscopic O -properties O -of O -the O -zymogen O -and O -of O -the O -high O -- O -pH O -form O -of O -the O -enzyme O -are O -similar O -they O -suggest O -that O -methionine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -192 I-Chemical -occupies O -in O -the O -alkaline O -conformation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -a O -similar O -position O -as O -it O -does O -in O -the O -zymogen O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -of O -the O -results O -are O -consistent O -with O -a O -bi O -- O -ter O -sequential O -mechanism O -where O -NAD O -+ O -binds O -first O -to O -the O -enzyme O -followed O -by O -D O -- O -octopine O -, O -and O -the O -products O -are O -released O -in O -the O -order O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -NADH O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -isoenzymes O -of O -an O -NADP O -+ O -- O -dependent O -cinnamyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -an O -NAD O -+ O -- O -dependent O -aliphatic O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -were O -extracted O -from O -cell O -suspension O -cultures O -of O -soybean O -( O -Glycine O -max O -L O -. O -, O -var O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -rates O -of O -reaction O -were O -observed O -in O -the O -case O -of O -coniferyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -oxidation O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -2 O -( O -Isoenzyme O -1 O -) O -and O -pH O -8 O -. O -8 O -( O -isoenzyme O -2 O -) O -; O -in O -the O -reverse O -reaction O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -was O -optimal O -for O -isoenzyme O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -isoenzyme O -reacted O -with O -benzyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -anisic O -alcohol B-Chemical -or O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pyruvate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dehydrogenase I-Chemical -complex O -from O -Azotobacter O -vinelandii O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -STUDIES O -INDICATED O -THAT O -THE O -Hill O -coefficient O -is O -dependent O -on O -subunit O -ionization O -within O -the O -pyruvate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -complex O -and O -not O -on O -those O -in O -the O -free O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cytosol O -enzyme O -was O -purified O -977 O -- O -fold O -from O -whole O -seedlings O -by O -steps O -involving O -manganese O -chloride B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -and O -acetone O -fractionations O -, O -positive O -adsorption O -on O -alumina O -C O -- O -gamma O -gel O -, O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -chromatography O -followed O -by O -preparative O -disc O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -on O -co O -- O -factor O -requirement O -, O -inhibition O -by O -carbonyl O -reagents O -, O -reducing O -agents O -and O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -inhibitors O -, O -and O -a O -partial O -reversal O -by O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -of O -inhibition O -by O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCl I-Chemical -suggests O -that O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -is O -involved O -as O -a O -co O -- O -factor O -for O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -substrate O -analogue O -, O -L O -- O -canavanine O -, O -homologue O -L O -- O -homoarginine O -and O -other O -basic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -like O -L O -- O -lysine O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ornithine I-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -competitively O -, O -homoarginine O -being O -the O -most O -effective O -in O -this O -respect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -values O -found O -for O -ATP O -and O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -were O -of O -the O -some O -order O -as O -those O -found O -for O -the O -native O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -50 O -% O -loss O -of O -the O -initial O -activity O -, O -which O -follows O -the O -succinylation O -of O -these O -more O -reactive O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -, O -does O -not O -seem O -to O -be O -due O -to O -the O -modification O -of O -a O -residue O -on O -the O -enzyme O -active O -site O -or O -to O -a O -change O -of O -the O -tertiary O -structure O -of O -the O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -studies O -on O -lipid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -formation O -in O -isolated O -hepatocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Upon O -the O -addition O -of O -iron B-Chemical -, O -malonaldehyde O -production O -in O -the O -cells O -started O -immediately O -but O -ceased O -within O -30 O -- O -60 O -min O -, O -and O -the O -response O -was O -dose O -- O -related O -with O -iron B-Chemical -concentrations O -ranging O -from O -19 O -to O -187 O -muM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -in O -vitro O -of O -N O -, O -N O -, O -N O -' O -, O -N O -' O -- O -tetramethyl O -- O -p O -- O -phenylenediamine O -, O -menadione O -or O -p O -- O -benzoquinone O -inhibited O -the O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -malonaldehyde O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -, O -malonaldehyde O -formation O -was O -also O -associated O -with O -a O -conversion O -of O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -to O -the O -oxidized O -form O -which O -, O -in O -turn O -, O -revealed O -a O -faster O -permeation O -out O -of O -the O -cells O -into O -the O -surrounding O -medium O -of O -the O -oxidized O -than O -of O -the O -reduced O -thiol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cumene O -hydroperoxide O -- O -induced O -malonaldehyde O -production O -could O -be O -initiated O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -this O -peroxide B-Chemical -in O -concentrations O -ranging O -from O -150 O -muM O -to O -the O -liver O -cell O -incubate O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -iron B-Chemical -enters O -the O -cell O -, O -then O -is O -probably O -reduced O -inside O -the O -cell O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -via O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -P O -- O -450 O -reductase O -, O -and O -in O -the O -reduced O -state O -initiates O -lipid O -peroxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -Coenzyme B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -and O -acetoacetyl O -- O -CoA O -both O -act O -as O -inhibitors O -in O -direction O -of O -acetoacetyl O -- O -CoA O -synthesis O -: O -coenzyme O -A O -is O -a O -nonlinear O -competitive O -inhibitor O -of O -both O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -existence O -of O -two O -different O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -in O -Pseudomonas O -fluorescens O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Entner O -- O -Doudoroff O -enzyme O -showed O -specificity O -for O -NAD O -+ O -as O -well O -as O -for O -NADP O -+ O -and O -exhibited O -homotropic O -effects O -for O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -catalyzes O -the O -transfer O -of O -the O -axial O -hydrogen B-Chemical -at O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -of O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -glucopyranose O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -to O -the O -si O -face O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -of O -the O -nicotinamide O -ring O -and O -must O -be O -classified O -as O -B O -- O -side O -stereospecific O -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Q O -- O -enzyme O -acts O -on O -native O -and O -synthetic O -amyloses O -to O -give O -products O -resembling O -amylopectin O -in O -terms O -of O -average O -unit O -chain O -length O -, O -degress O -of O -beta O -- O -amylolysis O -and O -iodine B-Chemical -stain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -gel O -can O -also O -be O -dispersed O -without O -proteilysis O -by O -solutions O -containing O -0 O -- O -5 O -M O -- O -KCl O -, O -or O -0 O -- O -5 O -M O -guanidine O -hydrochloride O -, O -or O -3 O -- O -5 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -, O -all O -of O -which O -break O -down O -neurofilaments O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -initial O -enzymic O -step O -in O -mercapturic O -acid O -formation O -is O -catalyzed O -by O -glutathione B-Chemical -S O -- O -transferase O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -is O -the O -case O -for O -the O -rat O -liver O -enzymes O -, O -each O -of O -the O -human O -transferases O -binds O -bilirubin B-Chemical -although O -this O -compound O -is O -not O -a O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -length O -of O -the O -aliphatic O -chain O -should O -be O -greater O -than O -8 O -carbon B-Chemical -atoms O -in O -order O -to O -get O -a O -measurable O -effect O -in O -terms O -of O -deltalog O -K O -. O -Bovine O -serum O -albumin O -, O -beta O -- O -lactoglobulin O -, O -hemoglobin O -and O -myoglobin O -have O -been O -shown O -to O -have O -different O -affinities O -for O -palmitic O -acid O -ester O -of O -poly O -( O -ethylene O -glycol O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -this O -basis O -MgATP O -, O -fructose O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -plus O -ATP O -, O -and O -NH O -+ O -4ions O -behave O -as O -potent O -positive O -effectors O -, O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -sulphate O -, O -AMP O -, O -fructose O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -fructose O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -bisphosphate O -are O -less O -potent O -activators O -, O -and O -free O -ATP O -and O -H O -+ O -ions O -are O -negative O -effectors O -, O -in O -agreement O -with O -the O -kinetic O -behaviour O -, O -but O -citrate B-Chemical -behaves O -anomalously O -. O - -aps B-category -Strong O -positive O -cooperativity O -occurs O -under O -suitable O -conditions O -with O -ATP O -, O -metal O -- O -ATP O -and O -fructose O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -effect O -occurs O -between O -ATP O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Absorption O -and O -emission O -spectra O -and O -binding O -characteristics O -of O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -cytochrome O -c O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -lines O -of O -evidence O -indicate O -that O -native O -and O -porphyrin O -cytochrome O -c O -have O -similar O -conformations O -: O -they O -have O -similar O -elution O -characteristics O -on O -Sephadex O -gel O -chromatography O -; O -in O -both O -proteins O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -fluorescence O -is O -quenched O -and O -the O -pK O -values O -of O -protonation O -of O -the O -porphyrin O -are O -identical O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intact O -inhibitors O -were O -destroyed O -when O -the O -peas O -were O -cooked O -at O -100 O -degrees O -C O -or O -when O -they O -were O -toasted O -at O -130 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -four O -major O -inhibitors O -had O -similar O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -compositions O -and O -did O -not O -contain O -detectable O -amounts O -of O -free O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -or O -carbohydrate O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -did O -not O -inhibit O -other O -proteolytic O -enzymes O -belonging O -to O -two O -groups O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -serine O -or O -cysteine B-Chemical -enzymes O -) O -or O -originating O -from O -different O -sources O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -animals O -, O -plants O -or O -bacteria O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biotin B-Chemical -is O -bound O -to O -the O -heavier O -subunit O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -the O -subunits O -, O -unlike O -the O -complex O -, O -are O -very O -sensitive O -to O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -special O -precautions O -had O -to O -be O -taken O -during O -isolation O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -no O -longer O -catalyzed O -the O -overall O -reaction O -, O -yet O -could O -still O -carboxylate O -free O -biotin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -chromatography O -over O -a O -Sepharose O -- O -bound O -avidin O -column O -, O -the O -biotin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -subunit I-Chemical -was O -fixed O -and O -the O -biotin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -subunit O -was O -eluted O -unretarded O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -the O -structures O -of O -biotin B-Chemical -enzymes O -from O -different O -sources O -are O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -Time O -- O -dependent O -inhibition O -of O -diamine O -oxidase O -by O -carbonyl O -- O -group O -reagents O -and O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -particularly O -the O -case O -with O -aminoguanidine B-Chemical -and O -phenylhydrazine B-Chemical -and O -a O -thorough O -study O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -these O -compounds O -on O -the O -human O -placental O -diamine O -oxidase O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -- O -dependent O -recovery O -of O -activity O -on O -addition O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -pyruvate B-Chemical -suggested O -that O -the O -compounds O -used O -are O -acting O -solely O -as O -carbonyl O -group O -reagents O -, O -inhibiting O -by O -Schiff O -- O -base O -formation O -at O -the O -active O -- O -site O -carbonyl O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -monosubstituted O -( O -on O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -) O -and O -the O -disubstituted O -( O -on O -both O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -) O -acetylated O -components O -have O -been O -separated O -by O -chromatography O -on O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -and O -CM O -- O -cellulose O -. O - -aps B-category -Complete O -deacetylation O -of O -the O -O O -- O -acetyltyrosyl O -residues O -occurs O -upon O -treatment O -with O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -for O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -p O -- O -nitroanilide O -hydrolysis O -is O -between O -7 O -and O -7 O -. O -5 O -and O -that O -for O -125I O -- O -labeled O -casein O -proteolysis O -between O -7 O -. O -3 O -and O -7 O -. O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -homogeneity O -of O -this O -species O -is O -primarily O -dependent O -on O -the O -presence O -of O -thiols B-Chemical -and O -secondarily O -on O -high O -concentrations O -of O -salt B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -thiols B-Chemical -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -shows O -a O -tendency O -to O -form O -tetramers O -and O -larger O -aggregates O -. O - -aps B-category -Polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -a O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -buffer O -system O -showed O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -large O -( O -Mr O -approximately O -65000 O -) O -and O -a O -small O -( O -Mr O -approximately O -27000 O -) O -polypeptide O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -course O -of O -this O -work O -a O -convenient O -procedure O -was O -developed O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -activity O -using O -L O -[ O -glycine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3H I-Chemical -] O -glutathione B-Chemical -as O -the O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reactions O -with O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -p O -- O -nitroanilide O -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -are O -both O -strongly O -activated O -by O -several O -metal O -ions O -( O -Ca2 O -+ O -, O -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -Na O -+ O -and O -K O -+ O -) O -and O -by O -a O -number O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -peptide O -acceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activating O -effect O -of O -metal O -ions O -in O -the O -reaction O -with O -glutathione B-Chemical -was O -shown O -to O -be O -dependent O -on O -the O -acceleration O -of O -the O -transfer O -reaction O -; O -the O -rate O -of O -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -bond O -remaining O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Citrate B-Chemical -inhibited O -powerfully O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -UDPglucuronic O -acid O -and O -the O -liberation O -of O -free O -D O -- O -glucuronic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -10 O -mM O -EDTA O -was O -added O -to O -diminish O -the O -hydrolytic O -consumption O -of O -the O -glucuronyl B-Chemical -donor O -substrate O -, O -the O -corresponding O -ratio O -was O -still O -as O -unfavorable O -as O -19 O -: O -2 O -. O -6 O -: O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -even O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -added O -glucuronyl B-Chemical -acceptor O -substrate O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -UDPglucuronic O -acid O -predominates O -the O -conjugation O -in O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incorporation O -into O -phosphatidylcholine O -was O -stimulated O -by O -Na O -+ O -, O -K O -+ O -and O -K O -- O -, O -inhibited O -by O -Ca2 O -+ O -and O -Mg2 O -+ O -and O -unaffected O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -and O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -Dibutyryl O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -mimicked O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydroxylase O -activities O -observed O -in O -extracts O -of O -Pseudomonas O -putida O -ORC O -after O -growth O -on O -orcinol O -and O -resorcinol O -as O -sole O -source O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -have O -been O -purified O -to O -homogeneity O -. O - -aps B-category -Altered O -responsiveness O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -- O -generating O -systems O -in O -rat O -cortical O -slices O -after O -lesions O -of O -the O -medial O -forebran O -bundle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -on O -cerebral O -vascular O -responses O -to O -microapplication O -of O -mCSF O -solutions O -with O -various O -pH O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -catecholamines B-Chemical -concentrations O -, O -suggest O -that O -rapid O -regulatory O -chains O -may O -be O -conditioned O -by O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -neurogenic O -vascular O -effects O -, O -while O -slow O -ones O -could O -be O -mediated O -by O -CO2 O -and O -related O -pH O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -increased O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -supply O -local O -tissue O -PO2 O -as O -measured O -on O -agjacent O -sites O -was O -found O -to O -react O -fairly O -differently O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Differences O -in O -the O -responses O -of O -taste O -receptors O -to O -organic O -and O -inorganic O -acids O -with O -changes O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -in O -the O -solution O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -to O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -higher O -than O -to O -HC1 O -at O -equal O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -production O -of O -testicular O -androgen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -protein O -( O -ABP O -) O -, O -as O -a O -measure O -of O -Sertoli O -cell O -function O -, O -was O -studied O -after O -unilateral O -or O -bilateral O -experimental O -cryptorchidism O -in O -adult O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -system O -of O -red O -blood O -cells O -during O -diabetic O -ketoacidosis O -and O -recovery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Hill O -- O -coefeficient O -in O -reflecting O -the O -slope O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -dissociation O -curve O -was O -diminished O -in O -ketoacidosis O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -, O -and O -decreased O -further O -after O -pH O -- O -normalization O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -view O -of O -the O -intimate O -relation O -of O -Pi O -to O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -system O -it O -is O -suggesed O -that O -treatment O -of O -ketoacidosis O -should O -include O -Pi O -- O -sugstitution O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -( O -10 O -mM O -) O -, O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -B O -- O -BCH O -( O -20 O -mM O -) O -and O -alpha O -- O -ketoisocaproic O -acid O -( O -10 O -mM O -) O -caused O -typical O -kinetics O -of O -FAD O -- O -fluorescence O -decrease O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -undertaken O -to O -compare O -the O -ability O -of O -L O -- O -and O -D O -- O -isomers O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -bathing O -the O -oxyntic O -gland O -area O -to O -stimulate O -acid O -secretion O -in O -conscious O -dogs O -with O -Heidenhain O -pouch O -( O -HP O -) O -, O -gastric O -fistula O -( O -GF O -) O -and O -pancreatic O -fistula O -( O -PF O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -L O -- O -isomers O -of O -all O -natural O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -found O -to O -stimulate O -acid O -secretion O -, O -whereas O -D O -- O -isomers O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -tested O -were O -completely O -inert O -in O -this O -respect O -. O - -aps B-category -Local O -irrigation O -of O -HP O -by O -2 O -% O -xylocaine O -and O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -( O -100 O -mug O -per O -kg O -per O -hr O -) O -or O -metiamide O -( O -2 O -. O -9 O -mg O -per O -kg O -per O -hr O -) O -reduced O -but O -did O -not O -abolish O -HP O -response O -to O -chemical O -stimulation O -and O -the O -pH O -dependency O -of O -this O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Activities O -of O -a O -normal O -marker O -( O -streptomycin B-Chemical -resistance O -) O -and O -those O -involved O -in O -the O -heterozygosity O -( O -c O -, O -d O -and O -d O -+ O -) O -were O -quantitatively O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -The O -24 O -- O -hour O -control O -of O -intragastric O -pH O -by O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -in O -normal O -subjects O -and O -in O -patients O -with O -duodenal O -ulcer O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -prerequisite O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -the O -true O -amount O -of O -acylneuraminic O -acids O -using O -the O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -/ O -thiobarbituric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -assay O -is O -the O -small O -- O -scale O -extraction O -of O -lipids O -from O -the O -hydrolysate O -and O -anion O -- O -exchange O -chromatography O -of O -acylneuraminic O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -50mM O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -as O -a O -substrate O -, O -enzymes O -II O -and O -III O -exhibit O -plateaus O -of O -activity O -over O -the O -pH O -range O -3 O -- O -5 O -and O -3 O -. O -5 O -- O -6 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Type O -III O -collagen O -was O -separated O -from O -type O -I O -collagen O -by O -differential O -salt B-Chemical -precipitation O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mid O -- O -point O -melting O -temperature O -temperature O -( O -tm O -) O -of O -type O -III O -collagen O -( O -35 O -. O -1 O -degrees O -C O -) O -in O -a O -citrate B-Chemical -buffer O -at O -pH O -3 O -. O -7 O -was O -somewhat O -lower O -than O -that O -of O -type O -I O -collagen O -( O -35 O -. O -9 O -degrees O -C O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Nowadays O -, O -above O -all O -dextran B-Chemical -, O -gelatin O -and O -starch O -solutions O -are O -available O -for O -the O -infusion O -theraphy O -of O -the O -various O -forms O -of O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -in O -most O -acute O -diarrheas O -the O -mechanisms O -of O -absorption O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -electrolytes O -are O -retained O -this O -mechanism O -can O -be O -utilized O -for O -fast O -oral O -rehydration O -and O -reinstitution O -of O -normal O -intestinal O -homeostasis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -elimination O -of O -lactose O -and O -long O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -from O -the O -diet O -prevents O -continuation O -of O -the O -pathologic O -osmotic O -and O -chemical O -conditions O -in O -the O -intestine O -. O - -aps B-category -Acidosis O -can O -also O -accompany O -diarrhea O -, O -as O -can O -intracellular O -losses O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -other O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -infusions O -of O -salt B-Chemical -, O -plasma O -, O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -albumin O -, O -or O -whole O -blood O -may O -be O -indicated O -. O - -aps B-category -Will O -the O -insight O -that O -family O -planning O -programs O -work O -efficiently O -only O -if O -they O -are O -an O -integral O -part O -of O -programs O -for O -the O -social O -and O -economic O -development O -of O -a O -country O -lead B-Chemical -to O -such O -programs O -being O -realized O -? O - -aps B-category -The O -excretion O -of O -the O -enzyme O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -transpeptidase O -and O -its O -isoenzymes O -into O -the O -urine O -was O -investigated O -in O -patients O -with O -renal O -diseases O -and O -compared O -with O -the O -excretion O -of O -the O -enzymes O -leucine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopeptidase I-Chemical -and O -lactate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dehydrogenase I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonists O -have O -been O -utilized O -in O -an O -atempt O -to O -discern O -the O -site O -of O -action O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -( O -PG O -) O -and O -tetrahydrocannabinol O -( O -THC O -) O -in O -the O -eye O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -antagonists O -reduced O -the O -fall O -in O -intraocular O -pressure O -produced O -by O -THC O -by O -approximately O -50 O -per O -cent O -, O -except O -for O -sotalol B-Chemical -which O -completely O -abolished O -the O -intraocular O -pressure O -fall O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -the O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -o I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -transport O -system O -in O -Acholeplasma O -laidlawii O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -3 O -- O -O O -- O -MG O -transport O -system O -appeared O -to O -be O -constitutive O -in O -cells O -grown O -on O -3 O -- O -O O -- O -MG O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -; O -the O -transport O -process O -depended O -on O -the O -concentration O -of O -substrate O -used O -and O -exhibited O -typical O -saturation O -kinetics O -, O -with O -an O -apparent O -Km O -of O -4 O -. O -6 O -muM O -. O - -aps B-category -Washed O -cells O -of O -Salmonella O -enteritidis O -harvested O -from O -a O -defined O -medium O -during O -logarithmic O -growth O -were O -subjected O -to O -starvation O -in O -pH O -7 O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -at O -37 O -C O -. O -Viability O -was O -measured O -by O -slide O -cultures O -and O -plate O -counts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -half O -- O -life O -survival O -time O -of O -S O -. O -enteritidis O -starved O -at O -20 O -mug O -( O -dry O -wt O -) O -/ O -ml O -was O -140 O -h O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -82 O -h O -in O -3 O -, O -6 O -- O -endomethylene O -- O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -- O -6 O -- O -tetrahydrophthalic O -acid O -buffer O -, O -and O -77 O -h O -in O -tris O -( O -hydroxymethyl O -) O -aminomethane O -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -Fermentation O -balances O -are O -given O -for O -different O -culture O -conditions O -, O -and O -simple O -growth O -thermograms O -are O -obtained O -when O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -lyase O -activity O -is O -inhibitied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enhancement O -of O -ergot B-Chemical -alkaloid O -production O -by O -tryptophan B-Chemical -and O -its O -analogues O -in O -both O -normal O -and O -high B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -cultures O -is O -more O -directly O -related O -to O -increased O -dimethylallyltryptophan O -( O -DMAT O -) O -synthetase O -activity O -rather O -than O -to O -a O -lack O -of O -regulation O -of O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -biosynthetic O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -increased O -levels O -of O -DMAT O -synthetase O -in O -ergot B-Chemical -cultures O -supplemented O -with O -tryptophan B-Chemical -or O -thiotryptophan O -, O -and O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -with O -5 O -- O -methyltryptophan O -, O -suggests O -that O -the O -induction O -effect O -involves O -de O -novo O -synthesis O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -with O -thiotryptophan O -indicate O -that O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -effect O -cannot O -be O -explained O -merely O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -a O -block O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -found O -to O -act O -as O -an O -oxido O -- O -reductase O -in O -two O -substrate O -- O -coenzyme O -systems O -: O -D O -- O -sorbitol O -( O -or O -xylitol O -) O -- O -nicotinamide O -- O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -( O -NAD O -) O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mannitol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nicotinamide I-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -NADP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -alkali B-Chemical -on O -the O -structure O -of O -cell O -envelopes O -of O -Chlamydia O -psittaci O -elementary O -bodies O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -of O -the O -isolated O -EB O -cell O -envelopes O -reveals O -two O -major O -protein O -bands O -, O -A O -and O -B O -, O -with O -estimated O -molecular O -masses O -of O -approximately O -85 O -, O -000 O -and O -53 O -, O -000 O -, O -respectively O -, O -both O -of O -which O -also O -stain O -for O -the O -presence O -of O -carbohydrate O -and O -lipid O -. O - -aps B-category -B O -and O -A O -is O -believed O -to O -be O -a O -component O -of O -the O -complex O -, O -which O -is O -split O -into O -two O -subunits O -on O -alkali B-Chemical -solubilization O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -of O -this O -enzyme O -, O -determined O -by O -both O -Sephadex O -gel O -filtration O -and O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -is O -equivalent O -to O -36 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Altered O -nutritional O -requirements O -associated O -with O -mutations O -affecting O -the O -structures O -of O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -polymerase O -in O -Lactobacillus O -casei O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -studies O -with O -one O -of O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -requiring I-Chemical -mutants O -revealed O -that O -the O -rifampin B-Chemical -resistance O -of O -this O -strain O -is O -due O -to O -the O -resistance O -of O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -polymerase O -itself O -and O -that O -a O -single O -mutation O -is O -responsible O -for O -both O -rifampin B-Chemical -resistance O -and O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -requirement O -. O - -aps B-category -Preparations O -and O -properties O -of O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -polymerase O -from O -Acinetobacter O -calcoaceticus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -inhibition O -of O -salt B-Chemical -was O -not O -related O -to O -the O -initiation O -event O -as O -observed O -with O -T4 O -core O -RNA O -polymerase O -( O -R O -. O -Kleppe O -, O -1975 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -, O -therefore O -, O -that O -the O -inhibition O -of O -activity O -at O -higher O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -is O -caused O -by O -a O -decrease O -in O -concentration O -of O -the O -active O -enzyme O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -the O -conditions O -used O -, O -the O -urea B-Chemical -concentration O -optimum O -is O -approximately O -5 O -. O -6 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Pseudomonas O -arginine O -decarboxylase O -exhibited O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -8 O -. O -1 O -and O -an O -absolute O -requirement O -of O -Mg2 O -+ O -and O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -and O -was O -inhibited O -significantly O -at O -lower O -Mg2 O -+ O -concentrations O -by O -the O -polyamines O -putrescine O -, O -spermidine O -, O -and O -cadaverine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -was O -prevented O -by O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -a O -feature O -that O -suggests O -the O -involvement O -of O -an O -- O -SH O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Derepression O -of O -certain O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -biosynthetic O -enzymes O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -K O -- O -12 O -by O -growth O -in O -Fe3 O -+ O -- O -deficient O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Fe3 O -+ O -deficiency O -- O -mediated O -derepression O -of O -3 O -- O -deoxyarabino O -- O -heptulosonic O -acid O -7 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthase O -activity O -is O -due O -to O -an O -elevation O -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -isoenzyme O -; O -the O -phenylalanine O -- O -sensitive O -isoenzyme O -is O -not O -derepressed O -under O -these O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -Streptomyces O -alboniger O -spores O -were O -grown O -in O -Hickey O -- O -Tresner O -broth O -containing O -5 O -muM O -ethidium O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -a O -high O -frequency O -of O -permanently O -cured O -aerial O -mycelia O -- O -negative O -( O -am O -- O -) O -colonies O -was O -recovered O -. O - -aps B-category -Colonies O -grown O -on O -Hickey O -- O -Tresner O -agar O -containing O -2 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -remained O -phenotypically O -am O -- O -throughout O -the O -observation O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -accumulation O -of O -undissociated O -organic O -acids O -appears O -to O -be O -involved O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -repression O -of O -aerial O -mycelia O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -Highly O -active O -, O -essentially O -homogeneous O -, O -preparations O -of O -ferrocytochrome O -c O -oxidase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -9 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -) O -have O -been O -obtained O -from O -both O -yeast O -and O -beef O -heart O -by O -extraction O -with O -cholate B-Chemical -, O -fractionation O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -, O -and O -replacement O -of O -cholate B-Chemical -by O -Tween O -20 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -virtually O -no O -effect O -on O -heme O -a O -and O -copper B-Chemical -content O -and O -on O -the O -catalytic O -parameters O -of O -the O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -specific O -for O -dihydroxyacetone O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -does O -not O -form O -methylglyoxal O -from O -glyceraldehyde O -3 O -- O -phophate O -, O -glyceraldehyde O -, O -or O -dihydroxyacetone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -inhibited O -by O -inorganic O -orthophosphate O -in O -a O -complex O -manner O -which O -is O -overcome O -by O -dihydroxyacetone O -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -a O -signoidal O -manner O - -aps B-category -Colipase O -alone O -or O -with O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -caused O -only O -a O -slight O -perturbation O -of O -these O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -More O -importantly O -, O -colipase O -enables O -the O -adsorption O -of O -lipase O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -, O -thereby O -reversing O -the O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influx O -of O -nucleotide B-Chemical -had O -an O -activation O -energy O -of O -12 O -to O -13 O -kcal O -above O -22 O -deg O -- O -rees O -( O -an O -apparent O -transition O -temperature O -) O -, O -and O -30 O -kcal O -below O -this O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -of O -the O -influx O -of O -nucleotide B-Chemical -was O -pH O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -wide O -variety O -of O -compounds O -tested O -, O -the O -system O -could O -transport O -only O -ADP O -, O -ATP O -, O -and O -( O -beta O -, O -gamma O -- O -methylene O -) O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -at O -least O -95 O -% O -of O -the O -labeled O -intracellular O -nucleotide B-Chemical -was O -exchangeable O -, O -efflux O -of O -labeled O -nucleotide B-Chemical -was O -observed O -only O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -unlabeled O -nucleotide B-Chemical -in O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurements O -of O -the O -endogenous O -pool O -of O -adenine O -nucleotides O -in O -isolated O -rickettsiae O -show O -that O -is O -was O -large O -( O -5 O -mM O -) O -, O -and O -that O -these O -unlabeled O -nucleotides O -exchanged O -, O -on O -approximately O -a O -1 O -/ O -1 O -basis O -, O -with O -exogenously O -added O -nucleotide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rabbit O -liver O -purine B-Chemical -nucleoside B-Chemical -phosphorylase O -( O -purine B-Chemical -nucleoside B-Chemical -: O -orthophosphate O -ribosyltransferase O -EC O -2 O -. O -4 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Homogeneity O -was O -established O -by O -disc O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -presence O -and O -absence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -, O -and O -isoelectric O -focusing O -. O - -aps B-category -Product O -inhibition O -was O -observed O -with O -guanine O -and O -hypoxanthine O -as O -strong O -competitive O -inhibitors O -for O -the O -enzymatic O -phosphorolysis O -of O -guanosine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protection O -of O -essential O -- O -- O -SH O -groups O -on O -the O -enzyme O -, O -by O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -or O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -was O -necessary O -for O -the O -maintenance O -of O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pKa O -values O -determined O -for O -ionizable O -groups O -of O -the O -active O -site O -of O -the O -enzyme O -were O -near O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -and O -pH O -8 O -. O -5 O -The O -chemical O -and O -kinetic O -evidences O -suggest O -that O -histidine O -and O -cysteine B-Chemical -may O -be O -essential O -for O -catalysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Xanthosine O -was O -an O -extremely O -poor O -substrate O -, O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -was O -not O -phosphorylyzed O -at O -20 O -- O -fold O -excess O -of O -the O -homogeneous O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -initial O -velocity O -studies O -of O -the O -saturation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -with O -guanosine B-Chemical -, O -at O -various O -fixed O -concentrations O -of O -inorganic O -orthophosphate O -, O -suggest O -a O -sequential O -bireactant O -catalytic O -mechanism O -for O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -homogeneous O -preparations O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -carboxypeptidases O -I O -have O -been O -obtained O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -strain O -H2143 O -, O -termed O -enzymes O -IA O -, O -IB O -, O -and O -IC O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -carboxypeptidase O -activity O -, O -it O -catalyzed O -a O -transpeptidase O -reaction O -with O -several O -substrates O -, O -bound O -[ O -14C O -] O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -, O -had O -a O -weak O -penicillinase O -activity O -, O -but O -was O -devoid O -of O -endopeptidase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -carboxypeptidase O -activity O -, O -they O -catalyzed O -an O -endopeptidase O -reaction O -, O -had O -weak O -penicillinase O -activity O -, O -and O -had O -very O -poor O -transpeptidase O -activity O -, O -but O -did O -not O -bind O -[ O -14C O -] O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -. O -Some O -data O -relating O -to O -the O -mechanism O -of O -catalysis O -by O -these O -enzymes O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -to O -human O -methemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -more O -rapid O -absorbance O -change O -is O -too O -fast O -to O -be O -measured O -by O -stopped O -flow O -techniques O -, O -whereas O -the O -slow O -change O -exhibits O -a O -half O -- O -time O -in O -the O -range O -1 O -to O -6 O -s O -. O -From O -the O -pH O -dependence O -of O -the O -rapidly O -formed O -difference O -spectrum O -and O -from O -a O -series O -of O -heme O -ligand O -binding O -studies O -, O -the O -rapid O -phase O -is O -interpreted O -to O -reflect O -a O -localized O -tertiary O -conformational O -change O -which O -immediately O -accompanies O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -binding O -and O -results O -in O -a O -selective O -increase O -in O -spin O -and O -reactivity O -of O -the O -beta O -chain O -heme O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -the O -rapid O -spectral O -transition O -cannot O -be O -directly O -related O -to O -the O -overall O -quaternary O -transition O -which O -occurs O -during O -oxygen B-Chemical -binding O -to O -ferrous O -deoxyhemoglobin O -, O -the O -slow O -spectral O -transition O -may O -represent O -the O -abortive O -formation O -of O -a O -deoxyhemoglobin O -A O -- O -like O -conformation O -which O -is O -inhibited O -in O -both O -rate O -and O -extent O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -water O -molecules O -bound O -to O -the O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -atoms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -beta O -chain O -resonances O -in O -particular O -are O -minimized O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -or O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -. O - -aps B-category -Cell O -- O -free O -extracts O -of O -rat O -brain O -catalyze O -the O -reactions O -of O -the O -purine B-Chemical -nucleotide B-Chemical -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -adenylate O -deaminase O -in O -brain O -is O -sufficient O -to O -account O -for O -the O -maximum O -rates O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -production O -that O -have O -been O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -adenylosuccinate O -synthetase O -and O -adenylosuccinase O -are O -nearly O -sufficient O -to O -account O -for O -the O -steady O -state O -rates O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -production O -observed O -in O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -lumbar O -sympathetic O -blockade O -and O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -adrenergic O -alpha O -- O -receptor O -blockade O -on O -skin O -temperature O -in O -peripheral O -arterial O -diseases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -post O -- O -cooling O -temperature O -rise O -was O -similar O -after O -sympathetic O -blockage O -and O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -administration O -and O -significantly O -different O -from O -the O -basal O -toe O -temperature O -changes O -after O -cooling O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulation O -by O -calf O -serum O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -uptake O -into O -3T3 O -cells O -results O -from O -a O -change O -in O -maximum O -velocity O -of O -the O -transport O -process O -with O -no O -change O -in O -the O -Michaelis O -constant O -. O - -aps B-category -Papaverine O -, O -theophylline B-Chemical -, O -and O -protaglandin O -E1 O -, O -drugs O -known O -to O -maintain O -high O -intracellular O -levels O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -, O -had O -little O -effect O -on O -serum O -stimulated O -phosphate B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -the O -rapidity O -of O -serum O -activation O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -its O -apparent O -independence O -of O -intracellular O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -levels O -, O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -serum O -factors O -may O -stimulate O -phosphate B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -inducing O -structural O -changes O -in O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -carrier O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Reaction O -of O -acidified O -nitrite B-Chemical -solutions O -with O -peptide O -derivatives O -: O -evidence O -for O -nitrosamine O -and O -thionitrite O -formation O -from O -15N O -N O -. O -m O -. O -r O -. O - -aps B-category -Ion O -- O -pair O -chromatography O -of O -tropane O -and O -ergot B-Chemical -alkaloids O -has O -been O -investigated O -using O -picrate O -as O -counter O -- O -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -Analytical O -separation O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -on O -a O -cation O -- O -exchange O -resin O -cross O -- O -linked O -with O -m O -- O -divinylbenzene O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -result O -of O -these O -narrower O -bands O -, O -a O -more O -complete O -resolution O -of O -the O -critical O -pairs O -threonine O -- O -serine O -, O -glycine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenylalanine I-Chemical -is O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -Oligomers O -of O -deoxyadenylic O -acid O -, O -obtained O -by O -polycondensation O -, O -were O -covalently O -attached O -to O -polyvinyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ion O -- O -exchange O -chromatography O -of O -the O -more O -basic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -of O -protein O -hydrolysates O -using O -stepwise O -changes O -of O -buffers O -containing O -borate O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -- O -resolution O -liquid O -chromatographic O -analysis O -of O -methylated O -purine B-Chemical -and O -pyrimidine O -bases O -in O -transfer O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Separation O -was O -accomplished O -by O -eluting O -the O -hydrolyzed O -samples O -from O -an O -anion O -- O -exchange O -column O -with O -a O -concentration O -gradient O -of O -ammonium B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -the O -conditions O -described O -for O -alkaline O -hydrolysis O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -and O -rescinnamine O -in O -absolute O -and O -aqueous O -methanol O -, O -and O -after O -esterification O -( O -with O -diazomethane O -) O -of O -the O -resulting O -acid O -fraction O -, O -methyl O -3 O -, O -4 O -, O -5 O -- O -trimethoxybenzoate O -was O -quantitatively O -recovered O -, O -whereas O -methyl O -trans O -- O -3 O -, O -4 O -, O -5 O -- O -trimethoxycinnamate O -, O -in O -normal O -lighting O -conditions O -, O -was O -either O -partly O -isomerized O -to O -methyl O -cis O -- O -trimethoxycinnamate O -or O -formed O -an O -adduct O -with O -a O -molecule O -of O -methanol O -, O -yielding O -methyl O -3 O -- O -methoxy O -- O -3 O -- O -( O -3 O -, O -4 O -, O -5 O -- O -trimethoxyphenyl O -) O -propionate O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -technique O -for O -the O -selective O -extraction O -of O -3 O -- O -O O -- O -methyldopamine O -, O -normetanephrine B-Chemical -and O -metanephrine O -from O -a O -single O -urine O -sample O -has O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -eluate O -, O -containing O -metanephrine O -, O -normetanephrine B-Chemical -and O -3 O -- O -O O -- O -methyldopamine O -is O -evaporated O -, O -and O -a O -solution O -of O -the O -residue O -in O -borate O -buffer O -is O -fractionated O -under O -strictly O -controlled O -conditions O -on O -an O -Amberlite O -CG O -- O -50 O -column O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -spectral O -characteristics O -of O -the O -fluorescent O -derivative O -are O -similar O -to O -those O -obtained O -with O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -so O -that O -it O -can O -be O -assumed O -that O -iodine B-Chemical -oxidation O -of O -3 O -- O -O O -- O -methyldopamine O -demethylates O -this O -compound O -and O -oxidises O -the O -resulting O -dopamine B-Chemical -to O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -fluorophore O -( O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -dihydroxy O -- O -indole O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -large O -amounts O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -normetanephrine B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -metanephrine O -does O -not O -affect O -the O -assay O -for O -3 O -- O -O O -- O -methyldopamine O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -GnRH O -content O -of O -pineal O -glands O -from O -intact O -and O -castrated O -male O -rats O -was O -similar O -( O -approximately O -150 O -pg O -) O -when O -determined O -in O -either O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fluorescent O -component O -of O -a O -strain O -of O -V O -. O -parvula O -examined O -could O -not O -be O -extracted O -in O -solution O -with O -water O -, O -ether B-Chemical -, O -methanol O -, O -or O -chloroform B-Chemical -, O -but O -was O -readily O -extracted O -with O -0 O -. O -4 O -N O -NaOH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Electrical O -field O -stimulation O -of O -this O -system O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -adrenergic O -and O -cholinergic O -blockade O -, O -resulted O -in O -relaxation O -of O -tracheal O -rings O -contracted O -by O -the O -mediators O -of O -immediate O -hypersensitivity O -or O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -General O -base O -catalysis O -in O -nucleophilic O -attack O -at O -sp3 O -carbon B-Chemical -of O -methylase O -model O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -serum O -antibody O -levels O -, O -which O -were O -measured O -in O -the O -same O -mice O -using O -a O -Farr O -test O -, O -reached O -peak O -values O -5 O -days O -after O -immunization O -and O -then O -declined O -much O -more O -slowly O -than O -did O -the O -number O -of O -PFC O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -general O -, O -unsubstituted O -polycyclic O -hydrocarbons O -caused O -a O -greater O -induction O -of O -epidermal O -AHH O -than O -substituted O -one O -( O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dibenzanthracene O -greater O -than O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -dibenzanthracene O -greater O -than O -benz O -( O -a O -) O -anthracene O -equal O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -greater O -than O -7 O -, O -12 O -- O -dimethlbenz O -( O -a O -) O -anthracene O -) O -which O -did O -not O -correlate O -with O -their O -ability O -to O -initiate O -tumors O -in O -mouse O -skin O -. O - -aps B-category -Fractionation O -of O -normal O -serum O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -, O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -filtration O -, O -and O -CM O -- O -Sephadex O -chromatography O -did O -not O -result O -in O -appearance O -of O -inhibitory O -activity O -in O -more O -than O -one O -protein O -peak O -, O -suggesting O -the O -possibility O -that O -only O -one O -inhibitor O -might O -be O -responsible O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antibacterial O -effect O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -against O -Escherichia O -coli O -and O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -in O -urine O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -inhibitory O -effect O -may O -be O -particularly O -important O -when O -urinary O -concentrations O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -are O -reduced O -either O -because O -of O -a O -reduction O -in O -dosage O -or O -because O -of O -decreased O -excretion O -due O -to O -renal O -insufficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -Radioassay O -for O -serum O -and O -red O -cell O -folate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -milk O -makes O -it O -possible O -to O -ignore O -endogenous O -serum O -folate B-Chemical -binder O -, O -since O -crude O -( O -but O -not O -purified O -) O -milk O -contains O -a O -factor O -which O -releases O -folate B-Chemical -from O -serum O -binder O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -are O -essentially O -identical O -to O -the O -generally O -accepted O -Lactobacillus O -casel O -microbiologic O -method O -of O -folate B-Chemical -assay O -, O -except O -that O -false O -low O -results O -are O -not O -produced O -in O -the O -radioassay O -by O -antibiotics O -, O -tranquilizers O -, O -and O -chemotherapeutic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -environmental O -pH O -on O -glycosaminoglycan B-Chemical -metabolism O -by O -normal O -human O -chondrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -were O -conducted O -in O -anesthetized O -dogs O -comparing O -the O -effects O -of O -PGA1 O -, O -PGE2 B-Chemical -, O -and O -diazoxide O -on O -myocardial O -contractile O -force O -( O -MC O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -PGA1 O -, O -and O -PGE2 B-Chemical -caused O -a O -marked O -rise O -in O -MC O -, O -24 O -and O -20 O -per O -cent O -, O -respectively O -, O -before O -blockade O -and O -10 O -and O -11 O -per O -cent O -during O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -showed O -very O -similar O -specificity O -for O -a O -group O -of O -arginyl O -peptides O -of O -the O -des B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartyl1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -sequence O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -inhibited O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -protamine O -, O -streptomycin B-Chemical -, O -and O -some O -other O -cationic O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -presence O -in O -plasma O -samples O -may O -interfere O -with O -angiotensin B-Chemical -assays O -in O -some O -circumstances O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyphal O -tip O -bursting O -in O -Mucor O -rouxii O -: O -antagonistic O -effects O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -and O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -activity O -of O -the O -lysin O -was O -10 O -( O -5 O -) O -haemolytic O -units O -/ O -mg O -protein O -after O -the O -dialysed O -active O -precipitate O -was O -extracted O -with O -NaCl B-Chemical -and O -reprecipitated O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Arginine O -and O -methionine B-Chemical -transport O -by O -Aspergillus O -nidulans O -mycelium O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Transport O -is O -energy O -- O -dependent O -and O -specific O -for O -these O -basic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -minimal O -medium O -, O -methionine B-Chemical -is O -transported O -with O -a O -Km O -of O -0 O -- O -I O -mM O -and O -Vmax O -about O -I O -nmol O -/ O -mg O -dry O -wt O -/ O -min O -; O -transport O -is O -inhibited O -by O -azide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -recessive O -mutant O -nap3 O -, O -unable O -to O -transport O -neutral O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -was O -isolated O -as O -resistant O -to O -selenomethionine O -and O -p O -- O -fluorophenylanine O -. O - -aps B-category -Aphids O -transmitted O -poly B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ornithine I-Chemical -( O -PLO O -) O -- O -treated O -tobacco O -mosaic O -virus O -( O -TMV O -) O -when O -given O -acquistion O -and O -inoculation O -access O -periods O -as O -brief O -as O -30 O -s O -and O -2 O -min O -, O -respectively O -; O -the O -ability O -to O -transmit O -was O -lost O -within O -90 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Osmotic O -shock O -, O -and O -incubation O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -ethylenediamine O -tetraacetic O -acid O -( O -greater O -than O -or O -equil O -0 O -- O -01 O -M O -) O -, O -or O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -( O -0 O -- O -25 O -M O -) O -, O -were O -found O -to O -cause O -disintegration O -of O -the O -virions O -into O -empty O -head O -capsids O -, O -deoxyribonucleic O -acid O -, O -and O -base O -plates O -still O -carrying O -the O -spikes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -choline B-Chemical -and O -3 O -, O -3 O -- O -dimethyl O -- O -1 O -- O -butanol O -with O -the O -acetylenzyme O -from O -acetylcholinesterase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -measured O -regional O -cerebral O -133xenon O -( O -133Xe O -) O -blood O -flow O -( O -rCBF O -) O -, O -intraventricular O -pressure O -( O -IVP O -) O -, O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -( O -CSF O -) O -pH O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -systemic O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -( O -SAP O -) O -, O -and O -arterial O -blood O -gases O -during O -the O -acute O -phase O -in O -23 O -comatose O -patients O -with O -severe O -head O -injuries O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -dietary O -cholesterol B-Chemical -on O -hepatic O -protein O -synthesis O -, O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -levels O -and O -serine O -dehydratase O -activity O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -activity O -of O -PEP O -- O -CK O -was O -significantly O -depressed O -by O -cholesterol B-Chemical -plus O -cholic O -acid O -feeding O -, O -while O -the O -specific O -activity O -of O -TT O -was O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -SD O -specific O -activity O -was O -increased O -3 O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -correcting O -this O -expression O -for O -specific O -radioactivity O -of O -the O -liver O -tissue O -free O -leucine B-Chemical -pool O -, O -no O -significant O -effect O -of O -dietary O -cholesterol B-Chemical -plus O -cholic O -acid O -on O -hepatic O -protein O -synthesis O -existed O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -a O -per O -gram O -of O -liver O -basis O -, O -the O -concentration O -of O -GSH O -in O -the O -liver O -of O -rats O -fed O -a O -cholesterol B-Chemical -plus O -cholic O -acid O -diet O -was O -significantly O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -Thiamine O -triphosphatase O -activity O -of O -myosin O -and O -accelerating O -effect O -of O -thiamine B-Chemical -di O -- O -and O -tri O -- O -phosphates O -on O -superprecipitation O -of O -actomyosin O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -on O -electron O -microscopic O -study O -of O -testes O -in O -the O -offspring O -of O -pregnant O -mice O -treated O -with O -estrogen B-Chemical -the O -same O -atrophy O -of O -the O -Leydig O -cell O -as O -we O -see O -in O -human O -cryptorchidism O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -atrophy O -then O -produces O -a O -lack O -of O -androgen B-Chemical -which O -could O -be O -responsible O -for O -cryptorchidism O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -studies O -have O -shown O -that O -uncoated O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -carbon B-Chemical -coated O -with O -an O -acrylic O -hydrogel O -are O -capable O -of O -adsorbing O -drugs O -from O -horse O -serum O -at O -37 O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -drug O -concentration O -on O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -surface O -pressure O -was O -examined O -for O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -Preliminary O -measurements O -showed O -that O -the O -surface O -pressure O -increase O -was O -larger O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -at O -pH O -6 O -- O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -to O -an O -albumin O -- O -lecithin O -complex O -in O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -premicellar O -concentrations O -of O -both O -ionic O -and O -non O -- O -ionic O -surfactants O -has O -been O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Structural O -alteration O -of O -the O -albumin O -- O -lecithin O -complex O -and O -the O -increase O -in O -the O -binding O -of O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -have O -an O -effect O -on O -the O -transfer O -rate O -of O -this O -antibiotic O -across O -an O -artificial O -barrier O -consisting O -of O -an O -aqueous O -dispersion O -of O -the O -same O -complex O -, O -as O -observed O -in O -a O -model O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -dose O -of O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -( O -8 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -and O -the O -positive O -chronotropic O -effects O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -( O -30 O -mug O -kg O -- O -1 O -, O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -an O -indirect O -mechanism O -( O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -) O -may O -in O -part O -mediate O -the O -cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -these O -3 O -drugs O -and O -/ O -or O -that O -amphetamine B-Chemical -may O -act O -as O -a O -competitive O -antagonist O -at O -adrenoceptor O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -together O -with O -warfarin B-Chemical -to O -dogs O -resulted O -in O -an O -elevation O -of O -the O -free O -fraction O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -in O -the O -plasma O -from O -2 O -- O -6 O -to O -8 O -- O -0 O -% O -thus O -providing O -direct O -support O -for O -the O -notion O -that O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -induced O -inhibition O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -binding O -to O -plasma O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Marked O -increases O -in O -warfarin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hypoprothrombinaemia O -were O -observed O -when O -at O -doses O -up O -to O -8 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -( O -orally O -) O -it O -was O -given O -with O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -, O -orally O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -pancuronium B-Chemical -on O -myocardial O -contraction O -and O -catecholamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Hearts O -were O -removed O -from O -animals O -under O -light O -ether B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -, O -transferred O -to O -a O -modified O -Langendorff O -perfusing O -apparatus O -and O -perfused O -with O -Krebs O -- O -Ringer O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -solution O -at O -a O -rate O -of O -5 O -ml O -min O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -5 O -min O -pancuronium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -hearts O -contained O -less O -14C O -- O -NA O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -combination O -of O -pancuronium B-Chemical -perfusion O -and O -electrical O -stimulation O -( O -15 O -mA O -for O -10 O -ms O -at O -4 O -Hz O -) O -blocked O -the O -50 O -min O -uptake O -of O -14C O -- O -NA O -by O -the O -heart O -to O -a O -greater O -degree O -than O -either O -factor O -separately O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -infusion O -of O -pancuronium B-Chemical -caused O -a O -reduction O -in O -both O -the O -rate O -and O -strength O -of O -myocardial O -contraction O -of O -the O -isolated O -heart O -which O -was O -reversed O -by O -perfusion O -with O -perfusate O -free O -of O -pancuronium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rebound O -of O -myocardial O -rate O -and O -contraction O -may O -have O -been O -due O -to O -the O -presence O -of O -myocardial O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -previously O -blocked O -from O -reuptake O -by O -pancuronium B-Chemical -since O -hearts O -removed O -from O -reserpinized O -animals O -did O -not O -demonstrate O -" O -rebound O -. O -" O - -aps B-category -A O -sensitive O -and O -selective O -method O -for O -the O -quantitative O -determination O -of O -the O -quaternary B-Chemical -ammonium I-Chemical -antiacetylcholine O -- O -compound O -thiazinamium O -methylsulphate O -( O -Multergan O -) O -in O -plasma O -and O -urine O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -described O -method O -can O -also O -be O -applied O -to O -other O -quaternary B-Chemical -ammonium I-Chemical -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -kanamycin B-Chemical -in O -equilibrium O -dialysis O -at O -37 O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -investigation O -of O -the O -mechanisms O -responsible O -for O -a O -reduction O -in O -capillary O -filtration O -coefficient O -in O -the O -innervated O -cat O -jejunum O -on O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Caesium O -ion O -: O -antagonism O -to O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -produced O -behavioural O -depression O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -Dihydroxy O -- O -phenylamino O -) O -- B-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -imidazoline I-Chemical -( O -DPI O -) O -, O -a O -new O -potent O -agonist O -at O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -mediating O -neuronal O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -studies O -on O -brain O -concentrations O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -and O -its O -metabolites O -in O -strains O -of O -mice O -showing O -different O -sensitivity O -to O -pharmacological O -effects O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -New O -and O -expedient O -determination O -of O -atenolol B-Chemical -in O -biological O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -Extraction O -is O -accomplished O -under O -dehydrating O -conditions O -, O -and O -interfering O -impurities O -are O -removed O -by O -using O -an O -acidified O -cyclohexane O -- O -isopropanol O -mixture O -( O -2 O -: O -1 O -) O -and O -charcoal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -paper O -disks O -. O - -aps B-category -Daily O -administration O -of O -a O -proprietary O -magnesium B-Chemical -and O -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxides O -suspension O -, O -15 O -ml O -four O -times O -a O -day O -, O -to O -normal O -adult O -volunteers O -resulted O -in O -a O -statistically O -significant O -increase O -in O -urine O -pH O -on O -the O -1st O -day O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -between O -serum O -and O -stimulated O -, O -mixed O -saliva O -concentrations O -of O -procainamide B-Chemical -was O -determined O -in O -12 O -chronically O -medicated O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ratio O -of O -saliva O -to O -serum O -concentration O -of O -procainamide B-Chemical -increased O -with O -decreasing O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Vehicle O -for O -stabilizing O -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxide O -gel O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -intravenously O -administered O -strychnine B-Chemical -were O -studied O -in O -anesthetized O -and O -paralyzed O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cardiovascular O -responses O -possibly O -were O -elicited O -by O -a O -central O -mechanism O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -peripheral O -inhibitory O -action O -of O -strychnine B-Chemical -on O -the O -sympathetic O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -combination O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -would O -appear O -to O -be O -a O -useful O -therapy O -in O -cases O -of O -strychnine B-Chemical -poisoning O -showing O -marked O -cardiovascular O -excitation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -guanethidine B-Chemical -to O -adult O -rats O -has O -been O -shown O -by O -morphological O -criteria O -to O -destroy O -sympathetic O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -months O -after O -cessation O -of O -treatment O -; O -the O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -the O -superior O -cervical O -ganglia O -of O -treated O -animals O -was O -greatly O -reduced O -, O -as O -were O -the O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -levels O -in O -peripheral O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -several O -areas O -of O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -were O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -intestinal O -nerve O -- O -muscle O -preparations O -from O -guanethidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -animals O -usually O -contracted O -in O -response O -to O -nerve O -stimulation O -, O -rather O -than O -relaxing O -as O -in O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -demonstrate O -that O -the O -administration O -of O -guanethidine B-Chemical -to O -adult O -rats O -produces O -a O -marked O -and O -permanent O -destruction O -of O -the O -peripheral O -sympathetic O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -quinidine B-Chemical -on O -squid O -axons O -has O -been O -examined O -by O -means O -of O -voltage O -clamp O -and O -internal O -perfusion O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potassium B-Chemical -conductance O -in O -quinidine B-Chemical -undergoes O -a O -marked O -inactivation O -in O -a O -manner O -dependent O -upon O -the O -membrane O -potential O -and O -time O -, O -accounting O -for O -the O -observed O -prolongation O -of O -the O -terminal O -falling O -phase O -of O -the O -action O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dissociation O -constants O -of O -quinidine B-Chemical -in O -suppressing O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -conducting O -system O -are O -estimated O -to O -be O -2 O -. O -4 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -and O -4 O -. O -0 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -for O -quinidine B-Chemical -HCl O -and O -methiodide O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -applied O -externally O -to O -the O -intact O -axons O -, O -quinidine B-Chemical -HCl O -is O -more O -effective O -at O -external O -pH O -8 O -. O -6 O -than O -at O -7 O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -conclusion O -that O -quinidine B-Chemical -HCl O -penetrates O -the O -nerve O -membrane O -in O -the O -uncharged O -form O -, O -is O -ionized O -in O -the O -axon O -and O -blocks O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -conductances O -primarily O -in O -the O -charged O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -Barbiturates O -block O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -stimulated O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -depolarized I-Chemical -rat O -sympathetic O -ganglia O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -pentobarbital B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -4 O -- O -0 O -. O -75 O -mM O -) O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -thiopental I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -3 O -mM O -) O -block O -the O -preganglionic O -stimulation O -- O -induced O -uptake O -of O -45Ca O -by O -rat O -superior O -cervical O -ganglia O -but O -not O -action O -potential O -conduction O -in O -the O -presynaptic O -axons O -. O - -aps B-category -Postassium O -- O -rich O -media O -also O -stimulate O -Ca O -uptake O -by O -the O -ganglia O -, O -and O -this O -effect O -is O -markedly O -inhibited O -by O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -pentagastrin O -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -on O -the O -longitudinal O -muscle O -of O -the O -canine O -antrum O -. O - -aps B-category -Tetrodotoxin O -, O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonists O -, O -and O -H1 O -and O -H2 O -receptor O -blocking O -agents O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -action O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -Pentagastrin O -also O -released O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -from O -intramural O -cholinergic O -nerves O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -" O -etherase O -" O -reaction O -is O -optimal O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -- O -7 O -. O -4 O -and O -is O -not O -accompanied O -by O -an O -increased O -formation O -of O -malondialdehyde B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -to O -3 O -, O -fluorocitrate B-Chemical -is O -formed O -from O -methyl O -fluoroethyl O -ether B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Adrenergic O -and O -cholinergic O -control O -of O -oxytocin B-Chemical -release O -evoked O -by O -vaginal O -, O -vagal O -and O -mammary O -stimulation O -in O -lactating O -rats O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -the O -milk O -- O -ejection O -reflex O -, O -the O -gain O -in O -weight O -of O -the O -young O -over O -a O -period O -of O -30 O -minutes O -is O -taken O -as O -an O -indirect O -index O -of O -the O -release O -of O -oxytocin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Proteins O -in O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -fluid O -from O -the O -bovine O -oviduct O -. O - -aps B-category -About O -30 O -% O -of O -boar O -seminal O -plasma O -nitrogen B-Chemical -is O -maximally O -precipitated O -at O -room O -temperature O -by O -6 O -to O -10 O -mM O -zinc B-Chemical -in O -citrate B-Chemical -solution O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -6 O -mM O -zinc B-Chemical -addition O -, O -95 O -% O -of O -the O -haemagglutinin O -is O -precipitated O -, O -but O -much O -of O -this O -is O -recoverable O -by O -re O -- O -solution O -of O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -precipitate O -. O - -aps B-category -Season O -had O -a O -pronounced O -effect O -upon O -seminal O -pH O -and O -refractometer O -' O -protein O -' O -, O -total O -carbohydrate O -, O -dry O -weight O -, O -total O -N2 O -and O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -seminal O -plasma O -of O -first O -and O -second O -ejaculates O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurements O -of O -umbilical O -and O -uterine O -blood O -flows O -and O -arterio O -- O -venous O -differences O -enabled O -the O -uptake O -of O -O2 O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -by O -the O -fetus O -and O -the O -uterus O -to O -be O -estimated O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -androgens B-Chemical -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -total O -oestrogens B-Chemical -were O -measured O -in O -twenty O -- O -one O -intact O -, O -nine O -unilaterally O -cryptorchid O -, O -three O -bilaterally O -cryptorchid O -stallions O -and O -four O -geldings O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -significant O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -- O -025 O -) O -day O -and O -night O -variation O -in O -total O -androgen B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Disappearance O -rate O -of O -total O -and O -androgens B-Chemical -following O -castration O -was O -extremely O -rapid O -and O -levels O -were O -undectable O -within O -12 O -hr O -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -, O -androstenedione O -, O -dihydrotestosterone O -, O -androstandiols O -, O -and O -androstenediol O -were O -identified O -in O -spermatic O -vein O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -Importance O -of O -the O -aromatic O -ring O -in O -adrenergic O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -preparatively O -useful O -synthesis O -of O -1 O -- O -formylcyclooctatetraene O -is O -described O -utilizing O -the O -photocycloaddition O -of O -methyl O -propiolate O -to O -benzene B-Chemical -followed O -by O -reduction O -to O -the O -alcohol B-Chemical -and O -oxidation O -with O -MnO2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -are O -in O -agreement O -with O -the O -conclusion O -that O -the O -more O -saturated O -the O -ring O -moiety O -, O -the O -greater O -the O -affinity O -for O -the O -amine B-Chemical -uptake O -site O -of O -the O -vas O -deferens O -and O -suggest O -that O -there O -is O -no O -important O -interaction O -between O -the O -drug O -and O -this O -uptake O -site O -that O -involves O -pi O -- O -complex O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -Compounds O -1 O -and O -2 O -were O -found O -to O -be O -inhibitors O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -, O -and O -barium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -induced O -contractions O -of O -the O -isolated O -guinea O -pig O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rates O -of O -cyclization O -of O -the O -parent O -amines B-Chemical -to O -2a O -and O -2b O -in O -aqueous O -medium O -were O -1 O -. O -9 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -and O -7 O -. O -2 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -sec O -- O -1 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -believe O -that O -ImpA O -is O -formed O -first O -, O -and O -then O -activates O -the O -carboxyl O -group O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -or O -gly O -- O -A O -- O -pA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subsequent O -reactions O -of O -activated O -glycine B-Chemical -leads O -to O -the O -formation O -of O -oligoglycines O -and O -the O -2 O -' O -( O -3 O -' O -) O -- O -glycylester O -of O -pA O -. O - -aps B-category -Condensation O -reactions O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -in O -solid O -state O -mixtures O -containing O -inorganic O -polyphosphates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -peptides O -up O -to O -the O -decamer O -occurs O -at O -moderate O -temperatures O -( O -r O -. O -t O -. O -- O -100 O -degrees O -C O -) O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -imidazole O -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Imidazole O -compounds O -and O -activated O -precursors O -such O -as O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphate O -are O -not O -necessary O -for O -this O -ologomerization O -reaction O -which O -produces O -primarily O -cyclic O -ologonucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -solutions O -of O -nucleoside B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -phosphates O -and O -trimetaphosphate O -are O -dried O -out O -at O -room O -temperature O -, O -nucleoside B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -polyphosphates O -are O -formed O -. O - -aps B-category -Nucleoside O -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphates O -yield O -p5N O -and O -p8N O -, O -nucleoside B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphates O -give O -p6N O -and O -p9N O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -polymers O -consist O -mainly O -of O -humic O -and O -fulvic O -acids O -and O -make O -up O -the O -major O -part O -of O -the O -organic O -carbon B-Chemical -reservoir O -in O -recent O -sediments O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rapid O -formation O -of O -this O -insoluble O -polymeric O -material O -would O -have O -removed O -the O -bulk O -of O -the O -dissolved O -organic O -carbon B-Chemical -from O -the O -primitive O -oceans O -and O -would O -thus O -have O -prevented O -the O -formation O -of O -an O -" O -organic O -soup O -" O -. O - -aps B-category -Imidazole O -catalysis O -of O -phenylalanyl O -transfer O -from O -phenylalanine O -adenylate O -anhydride O -to O -the O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -groups O -of O -homopolyribonucleotides O -was O -investigated O -as O -a O -chemical O -model O -of O -the O -biochemical O -aminoacylation O -of O -tRNA O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -proposed O -that O -from O -the O -monomeric O -hemoglobin O -of O -the O -common O -ancestor O -of O -vertebrates O -, O -a O -deoxy O -dimer O -, O -as O -seen O -in O -the O -lamprey O -, O -could O -have O -originated O -with O -a O -single O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -substitution O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -, O -or O -two O -, O -additional O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -substitutions O -could O -have O -resulted O -in O -the O -origin O -of O -a O -tetrameric O -deoxy O -hemoglobin O -which O -dissociated O -to O -dimers O -on O -oxygenation O -. O - -aps B-category -ATP O -was O -the O -first O -organic O -phosphate B-Chemical -regulator O -of O -hemoglobin O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -weakly O -acidic O -fraction O -( O -WAF O -) O -of O -cigarette O -smoke O -particulate B-Chemical -matter I-Chemical -was O -fractioned O -by O -silica O -get O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -major O -components O -of O -the O -resulting O -active O -fractions O -included O -alkyl O -- O -2 O -- O -cyclopenten O -- O -2 O -- O -ol O -- O -1 O -- O -ones O -, O -catechols O -, O -hydroquinone B-Chemical -, O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -and O -3 O -- O -hydroxypyridines O -. O - -aps B-category -Chicken O -embryo O -fibroblasts O -infected O -with O -the O -nononcogenic O -herpesvirus O -of O -turkeys O -( O -HVT O -) O -displayed O -an O -increased O -rate O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -, O -a O -pronounced O -alteration O -of O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -medium O -, O -and O -an O -increased O -production O -of O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -when O -compared O -to O -mock O -- O -infected O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -ability O -of O -arylacetamide O -deacetylase O -enzyme O -systems O -of O -dog O -liver O -to O -carry O -out O -the O -deacetylation O -of O -the O -carcinogens O -, O -4 O -- O -acetylaminobiphenyl O -, O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylaminofluorene I-Chemical -, O -and O -2 O -- O -acetylaminaphthalene O -, O -was O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -five O -replicate O -assays O -, O -the O -relative O -rates O -of O -deacetylation O -were O -about O -10 O -, O -6 O -, O -and O -1 O -with O -4 O -- O -acetylaminobiphenyl O -( O -84 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -12 O -. O -4 O -) O -, O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylaminofluorene I-Chemical -( O -52 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -. O -1 O -) O -, O -and O -2 O -- O -acetylaminonaphthalene O -( O -8 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -3 O -) O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -pH O -, O -Pco2 O -, O -and O -osmolality O -were O -determined O -serially O -during O -cardiac O -resuscitation O -in O -patients O -and O -in O -dogs O -, O -with O -and O -without O -administration O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -suggest O -that O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -should O -not O -be O -used O -during O -resuscitation O -( O -1 O -) O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -effective O -hyperventilation O -or O -where O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -removal O -is O -inadequate O -despite O -adequate O -ventilation O -, O -( O -2 O -) O -in O -repeated O -doses O -, O -without O -confirmation O -of O -substantial O -acidosis O -, O -or O -( O -3 O -) O -when O -cardiac O -arrest O -has O -been O -of O -brief O -duration O -and O -preexisting O -acidosis O -is O -unlikely O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -to O -peak O -, O -the O -time O -course O -of O -inactivation O -and O -the O -potassium B-Chemical -activation O -potential O -determined O -in O -glycerol O -- O -treated O -fibers O -were O -comparable O -to O -those O -analyzed O -previously O -in O -intact O -fibers O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -antidepressant B-Chemical -drugs O -on O -amygdaloid O -after O -- O -discharge O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -such O -as O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -, O -imipramine B-Chemical -and O -nortriptyline B-Chemical -markedly O -depressed O -both O -after O -- O -discharge O -and O -muricide O -at O -doses O -smaller O -than O -neurotoxic O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -and O -pipradrol O -blocked O -the O -muricide O -at O -doses O -smaller O -than O -neurotoxic O -doses O -without O -depressing O -the O -amygdaloid O -after O -- O -discharge O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -on O -the O -contrary O -, O -depressed O -the O -after O -- O -discharge O -without O -selectively O -blocking O -the O -muricide O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -practolol O -, O -alprenolol O -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -on O -blood O -pressure O -in O -the O -rat O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agents O -produced O -a O -sustained O -pressor O -action O -in O -the O -rat O -, O -and O -in O -the O -spinal O -rat O -infused O -with O -adrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Minimum O -doses O -of O -these O -beta O -- O -blockers O -required O -to O -cause O -a O -pressor O -action O -in O -the O -spinal O -rat O -infused O -with O -adrenaline B-Chemical -were O -in O -the O -following O -order O -; O -practolol O -greater O -than O -alprenolol O -larger O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -propranolol B-Chemical -larger O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -pindolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -the O -minimum O -doses O -of O -these O -beta O -- O -blockers O -required O -to O -cause O -a O -pressor O -action O -and O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -pressor O -action O -induced O -by O -the O -beta O -- O -blockers O -in O -the O -spinal O -rat O -infused O -with O -adrenaline B-Chemical -could O -be O -used O -to O -compare O -their O -beta O -- O -blocking O -activities O -and O -that O -practolol O -, O -a O -cardioselective O -beta O -- O -blocker O -, O -seems O -to O -block O -not O -only O -cardiac O -beta O -- O -receptor O -but O -to O -some O -extent O -also O -peripheral O -vascular O -beta O -- O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -is O -a O -direct O -- O -acting O -catecholamine B-Chemical -with O -a O -short O -half O -- O -life O -that O -has O -many O -advantages O -in O -treating O -visceral O -hypoperfusion O -states O -such O -as O -shock O -and O -refractory O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -dopaminergic O -effect O -is O -prominent O -with O -doses O -of O -100 O -- O -700 O -mug O -/ O -min O -in O -adults O -and O -is O -attenuated O -by O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inotropic O -effect O -is O -equivalent O -to O -that O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -but O -tachycardia O -, O -tachyarrhythmias O -, O -and O -angina O -may O -be O -less O -frequent O -with O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -dilates O -pupils O -, O -does O -not O -dilate O -bronchi O -, O -and O -does O -not O -shunt O -blood O -from O -viscera O -to O -skeletal O -muscles O -as O -does O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Certain O -indicators O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -histidine O -metabolism O -in O -chronic O -coronary O -insufficiency O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -accumulates O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -in O -the O -myocardium O -and O -increases O -the O -activity O -of O -phosphorilase O -- O -a O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -study O -of O -the O -activity O -of O -5 O -' O -- O -nucleotidase O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -desaminase I-Chemical -permits O -to O -interpret O -the O -metabolism O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -therapeutic O -effect O -of O -Obsidan O -is O -not O -conditioned O -by O -the O -" O -adenosine B-Chemical -" O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -accumulation O -was O -negligible O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Toxic O -properties O -of O -regenerated O -water O -containing O -methyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -characteristics O -of O -the O -immobilized O -and O -solubilized O -glyceraldehyde O -phosphate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -of O -human O -erythrocyte O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -ionophores O -which O -bind O -calcium B-Chemical -on O -the O -release O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -from O -synaptosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulatory O -function O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -the O -mitochondrion O -in O -lipogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -the O -rate O -of O -lipogenesis O -were O -shown O -to O -correlate O -to O -a O -certain O -extent O -when O -a O -reconstituted O -, O -cell O -free O -system O -consisting O -of O -105 O -, O -000 O -x O -g O -supernatant O -of O -rat O -liver O -and O -isolated O -mitochondria O -was O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Dichloroacetate O -increased O -the O -activity O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -increased O -the O -rate O -of O -lipogenesis O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -activity O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -is O -an O -important O -factor O -in O -determining O -the O -rate O -of O -lipogenesis O -in O -the O -reconstituted O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -cytoplasmic O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -/ O -adenosine B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -ratios O -and O -phosphorylation O -potentials O -( O -ATP O -/ O -ADP O -x O -Pi O -) O -maintained O -in O -the O -reconstituted O -system O -by O -mitochondria O -isolated O -from O -starved O -animals O -were O -found O -to O -be O -significantly O -lower O -than O -those O -maintained O -by O -mitochondria O -isolated O -from O -chow O -fed O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymes O -capable O -of O -snythesizing O -palmitic O -acid O -from O -citrate B-Chemical -, O -acetate O -, O -or O -acetyl O -CoA O -were O -found O -to O -be O -present O -in O -the O -soluble O -( O -cytoplasmic O -) O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -conditions O -for O -assaying O -activities O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -acetyl O -CoA O -carboxylase O -in O -the O -soluble O -fraction O -from O -rat O -testes O -were O -established O -, O -and O -the O -activities O -of O -these O -two O -enzymes O -were O -determined O -to O -be O -0 O -. O -54 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -1 O -and O -0 O -. O -030 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -002 O -( O -nmoles O -of O -substrate O -incorporated O -into O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -per O -min O -per O -mg O -of O -soluble O -fraction O -protein O -) O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -in O -vitro O -system O -for O -acetate O -incorporation O -into O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -by O -the O -mitochondrial O -and O -the O -cytosol O -fractions O -of O -rat O -testis O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Radio O -gas O -chromatography O -showed O -that O -palmitic O -acid O -was O -the O -most O -highly O -labeled O -acid O -, O -followed O -by O -stearic O -acid O -, O -in O -the O -mitochondrial O -fraction O -in O -accord O -with O -the O -pathway O -of O -de O -novo O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Distribution O -of O -radioactivity O -among O -the O -mitochondrial O -lipid O -classes O -was O -highest O -in O -the O -phospholipids O -and O -monoglycerides O -, O -followed O -by O -diglycerides O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -; O -little O -radioactivity O -was O -present O -in O -the O -triglyceride B-Chemical -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -Cell O -free O -preparations O -of O -avocado O -mesocarp O -and O -spinach O -leaf O -tissue O -rapidly O -convert O -lauryl O -CoA O -to O -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyl I-Chemical -lauric O -acid O -as O -well O -as O -2 O -- O -, O -and O -3 O -- O -dodecanoic O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -gravity O -, O -osmolarity O -, O -pH O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -determinations O -, O -as O -well O -as O -qualitative O -tests O -for O -protein O -and O -ketones O -, O -indicated O -that O -the O -wrestlers O -were O -in O -a O -dehydrated O -state O -at O -the O -time O -of O -weigh O -- O -in O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -urinary O -potassium B-Chemical -levels O -were O -of O -interest O -because O -at O -the O -three O -conditions O -( O -weigh O -- O -in O -, O -before O -the O -first O -match O -, O -after O -competition O -) O -they O -were O -73 O -- O -182 O -% O -higher O -than O -values O -reported O -for O -high O -school O -students O -who O -were O -nonwrestlers O -. O - -aps B-category -Articular O -inflammation O -in O -patients O -with O -transient O -polyarthritis O -responded O -in O -three O -to O -seven O -days O -to O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -acetominophen O -and O -/ O -or O -bedrest O -alone O -and O -rashes O -disappeared O -spontaneously O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -evidence O -for O -aldosterone B-Chemical -action O -on O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -level O -in O -human O -red O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -red O -cell O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -( O -DPG O -) O -concentration O -before O -and O -throughout O -immersion O -period O -was O -positively O -correlated O -both O -with O -aldosterone B-Chemical -excretion O -in O -2 O -hr O -pooled O -urine O -( O -r O -= O -+ O -0 O -. O -69 O -; O -2 O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -and O -with O -renin O -activity O -( O -r O -= O -+ O -0 O -. O -54 O -; O -2p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -despite O -a O -concomitant O -increase O -of O -cubital O -venous O -pH O -and O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -acidophila O -, O -and O -Rhodomicrobium O -vanniellii O -grow O -on O -media O -containing O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -n O -- O -propanol O -, O -and O -n O -- O -butanol O -. O - -aps B-category -acidophila O -is O -active O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -PMS O -and O -ammonium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrogen O -ions O -inhibited O -the O -activity O -of O -enzymes O -of O -the O -Krebs O -cycle O -, O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -ions O -inhibited O -the O -activity O -of O -methanol O -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Deterioration O -of O -the O -disease O -leading O -to O -the O -development O -of O -peripheral O -gangrene O -could O -not O -be O -prevented O -in O -spite O -of O -intensive O -therapy O -with O -steroids B-Chemical -, O -immune O -suppressive O -agents O -, O -digitalis B-Chemical -and O -antihypertensive O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Turnover O -rate O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -during O -Trans O -- O -synaptic O -induction O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -the O -systemic O -acidosis O -and O -urinary O -pH O -of O -4 O -. O -9 O -, O -urinary O -ammonium B-Chemical -excretion O -was O -distinctly O -blunted O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyperkalemia O -apparently O -suppresses O -urinary O -ammonium B-Chemical -excretion O -and O -thus O -interferes O -with O -urinary O -acidification O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -organism O -assimilated O -kerosene O -and O -various O -straight O -chain O -and O -cyclic O -hydrocarbons O -including O -dodecane O -, O -hexadecane O -, O -octadecane O -, O -toluene O -, O -benzene B-Chemical -, O -and O -cyclohexane O -. O - -aps B-category -Insensitivity O -of O -bacterial O -nucleic O -acid O -biosyntheses O -to O -a O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -narcotic O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acyl O -- O -donor O -specificities O -of O -these O -and O -other O -acyltransferases O -account O -for O -the O -asymmetric O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -distribution O -in O -naturally O -occurring O -glycerolipids O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -some O -drugs O -on O -the O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -on O -the O -threshold O -pressure O -required O -to O -elicit O -peristalsis O -in O -the O -guinea O -pig O -ileum O -in O -situ O -was O -studied O -, O -in O -order O -to O -test O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -this O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -is O -mediated O -by O -catecholamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatemnt O -with O -two O -8 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -doses O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -, O -24 O -and O -48 O -hrs O -before O -the O -experiment O -, O -significantly O -reduced O -the O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -on O -the O -pressure O -threshold O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -guanethidine B-Chemical -( O -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -decreased O -and O -even O -prevented O -this O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -DCI O -nor O -propranolol B-Chemical -influenced O -this O -morphine B-Chemical -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -that O -the O -decrease O -of O -local O -circulation O -induced O -by O -hypotenison O -would O -reduce O -the O -local O -concentration O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -was O -rejected O -because O -the O -same O -doses O -of O -guanethidine B-Chemical -or O -phentolamine B-Chemical -did O -not O -modify O -the O -effect O -of O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -given O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -, O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norleucine I-Chemical -or O -l O -- O -valine O -did O -not O -enhance O -insulin O -release O -or O -fluorescence O -of O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -. O -KIV O -, O -alpha O -- O -keto O -- O -beta O -- O -methylvaleric O -acid O -( O -KMV O -) O -, O -KIC O -and O -KC O -raised O -the O -production O -their O -corresponding O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -by O -islet O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -reward O -pathways O -: O -role O -of O -self O -- O -stimulation O -, O -memory O -consolidation O -, O -and O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -the O -hybrid O -is O -formed O -by O -the O -same O -mechanism O -in O -the O -absence O -and O -presence O -of O -the O -urea B-Chemical -step O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -hypothalamic O -neurotransmitter O -uptake O -following O -pinealectomy O -, O -superior O -cervical O -ganglionectomy O -or O -melatonin B-Chemical -administration O -to O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -melatonin B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -inhibition O -of O -hypothalamic O -serotonin B-Chemical -accumulation O -but O -it O -did O -not O -modify O -the O -uptake O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -or O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Timolol B-Chemical -maleate B-Chemical -( O -Blocadren O -) O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -essential O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -standing O -pressure O -during O -the O -placebos O -periods O -was O -168 O -/ O -109mmHg O -and O -during O -the O -periods O -on O -treatment O -with O -timolol B-Chemical -the O -average O -standing O -pressure O -was O -139 O -/ O -92mmHg O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -ritodrine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -on O -uterine O -activity O -and O -the O -cardiovascular O -system O -in O -toxemic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Fetal O -scalp O -blood O -and O -free O -flowing O -maternal O -antecubital O -venous O -blood O -was O -obtained O -for O -pH O -, O -Po2 O -, O -Pco2 O -, O -base O -deficit O -and O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -determinations O -prior O -to O -and O -immediately O -following O -the O -study O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Maternal O -and O -fetal O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -rose O -significantly O -following O -ritodrine B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -such O -challenge O -arises O -from O -the O -presence O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -pH O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -concentration O -were O -studied O -separately O -, O -where O -possible O -, O -on O -a O -variety O -of O -organisms O -, O -including O -some O -isolated O -from O -natural O -enviornments O -of O -high O -pH O -and O -/ O -or O -ammonia B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -aerobic O -organism O -( O -growth O -up O -to O -pH O -11 O -. O -4 O -) O -from O -an O -alkaline O -spring O -is O -more O -resistant O -, O -but O -exhibits O -a O -toxic O -response O -to O -ammonia B-Chemical -at O -a O -pH O -much O -lower O -than O -its O -maximum O -for O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -Even O -in O -this O -case O -, O -however O -, O -survival O -at O -ammonia B-Chemical -concentrations O -reasonably O -expected O -on O -the O -Jovian O -planets O -is O -measured O -in O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrical O -stimulation O -in O -the O -region O -of O -the O -hypothalamus O -in O -10 O -acute O -experiments O -was O -associated O -with O -three O -patterns O -of O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -changes O -: O -a O -pressor O -- O -tachycardia O -response O -; O -a O -pure O -tachycardia O -response O -( O -abolished O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -) O -; O -and O -a O -pure O -bradycardia O -response O -( O -abolished O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -initial O -tachycardia O -was O -prevented O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -was O -due O -to O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Lung O -slices O -from O -term O -fetal O -rats O -were O -incubated O -in O -vitro O -at O -various O -pH O -values O -and O -the O -rates O -of O -the O -two O -de O -novo O -pathways O -for O -lecithin O -biosynthesis O -were O -determined O -by O -measuring O -the O -conversion O -of O -either O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -choline I-Chemical -( O -pathway O -1 O -) O -or O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -( O -pathway O -2 O -) O -to O -the O -phospholipid O -. O - -aps B-category -Adjustment O -of O -the O -pH O -from O -7 O -. O -0 O -to O -7 O -. O -4 O -in O -vitro O -simulating O -the O -clinical O -correction O -of O -acidosis O -by O -alkali B-Chemical -infusion O -was O -found O -to O -increase O -the O -conversion O -of O -choline B-Chemical -to O -lecithin O -to O -a O -rate O -approximating O -that O -observed O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -excretion O -in O -the O -rat O -parotid O -gland O -as O -a O -function O -of O -salivary O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -lowest O -flow O -rates O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -secretory O -fluid O -markedly O -exceeds O -the O -plasma O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -retrograde O -application O -of O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -into O -the O -gland O -duct O -the O -concentrations O -of O -both O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -are O -elevated O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -increasing O -flow O -rates O -a O -precipitous O -decrease O -in O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -below O -10 O -mEq O -/ O -l O -occurs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sodium B-Chemical -concentrations O -increased O -with O -augmented O -salivation O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -findings O -can O -best O -be O -explained O -by O -the O -existence O -of O -two O -independent O -ductular O -mechanism O -: O -a O -) O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -probably O -in O -the O -striated O -ducts O -of O -the O -parotid O -gland O -; O -b O -) O -secretion O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -with O -concomitand O -secretion O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -in O -the O -main O -excretory O -duct O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -alpha O -- O -adrenolytics O -on O -the O -levels O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -rat O -' O -s O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -same O -time O -, O -these O -compounds O -either O -increase O -or O -do O -not O -affect O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -experiments O -with O -probenecid O -indicate O -that O -the O -observed O -increase O -in O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -does O -not O -result O -from O -the O -deficient O -elimination O -of O -the O -metabolite O -from O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -, O -alprenolol O -and O -sotalol B-Chemical -given O -intraventricularly O -( O -ivc O -) O -to O -rats O -reduce O -depressing O -effects O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -( O -IPS O -) O -and O -antagonize O -stimulating O -effects O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -NA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -alpha O -, O -alpha1 O -- O -dipyridyl O -on O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -levels O -and O -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -activity O -in O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Diagnosis O -may O -be O -established O -rapidly O -by O -measurement O -of O -urinary O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -ketones O -, O -arterial O -blood O -pH O -and O -blood O -gases O -, O -and O -serum O -ketones O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -consists O -of O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -dextrose B-Chemical -in O -water O -and O -, O -if O -necessary O -, O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -binds O -to O -the O -N O -terminal O -valine O -of O -the O -4 O -monomers O -to O -form O -carbamino O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -organophosphate B-Chemical -lowers O -the O -affinity O -for O -O2 O -but O -increases O -the O -Bohr O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -a O -low O -concentration O -of O -iron B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -005 O -mg O -Fe O -/ O -l O -) O -equal O -amounts O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -and O -isocitrate O -were O -formed O -; O -at O -an O -increased O -concentration O -isocitrate O -was O -in O -predominant O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -temperature O -and O -pH O -effect O -on O -activity O -of O -nucleoside B-Chemical -phosphotransferase O -, O -phosphomonoesterase O -and O -5 O -' O -- O -nucleotidase O -has O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Thiamine O -phosphate B-Chemical -cannot O -be O -transformed O -into O -thiamine B-Chemical -diphosphate O -by O -the O -purified O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -an O -insoluble O -product O -of O -the O -interaction O -of O -trypsin O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -alginate O -at O -pH O -3 O -- O -9 O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydroxyl O -ions O -also O -inhibited O -yeast O -growth O -and O -uncoupled O -pathways O -of O -the O -energy O -and O -constructive O -metabolism O -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -the O -content O -of O -flavin O -adenone O -dinucleotide O -increased O -, O -dehydrogenase O -activity O -upon O -the O -use O -of O -glycerol O -decreased O -significantly O -, O -and O -the O -absolute O -amount O -of O -all O -cytochromes O -declined O -slightly O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Activation O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -by O -aminoacyl O -- O -tRNA O -- O -synthetases O -from O -yeast O -Candida O -utilis O -IBPM O -- O -405 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspartic O -acid O -, O -asparagine O -, O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -tryptophane O -, O -phenyl O -alanine B-Chemical -and O -methionine B-Chemical -underwent O -the O -highest O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -Proteolytic O -activity O -( O -substrate O -- O -- O -casein O -) O -of O -immobilized O -trypsin O -and O -alpha O -- O -chymotrypsin O -was O -18 O -. O -7 O -and O -9 O -% O -, O -respectively O -and O -their O -esterase O -activity O -with O -methyl O -ester O -benzoyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -( O -trypsin O -) O -and O -ethyl O -ester O -acetyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -( O -alpha O -- O -chymotrypsin O -) O -was O -75 O -and O -20 O -% O -of O -that O -of O -soluble O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -ammonium B-Chemical -on O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -of O -fodder O -yeast O -Candida O -tropicalis O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -substitution O -of O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -for O -ammonium B-Chemical -in O -the O -nutrient O -medium O -brought O -about O -depression O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymic O -preparations O -of O -lipase O -have O -been O -precipitated O -by O -isopropanol O -and O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proteinase O -inhibition O -by O -Fe3 O -+ O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -is O -an O -indirect O -evidence O -of O -the O -existence O -of O -several O -carboxy O -groups O -and O -, O -possibly O -, O -of O -a O -hydroxy O -group O -in O -the O -active O -centre O -of O -acid O -proteinases O -from O -Aspergillus O -terricola O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -synthesis O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -by O -adenylylated O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -mutation O -alters O -a O -different O -component O -of O -the O -adenylylation O -system O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -[ O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -: O -ammonia B-Chemical -ligase O -( O -ADP O -- O -forming O -) O -, O -EC O -6 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -together O -with O -our O -previous O -results O -indicate O -that O -adenylylated O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -inhibits O -the O -transcription O -of O -glnA O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -the O -37 O -hybrid O -cell O -lines O -obtained O -possesses O -high O -tyrosine B-Chemical -3 O -- O -monooxygenase O -activity O -and O -synthesizes O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -unexpected O -discovery O -was O -that O -the O -operation O -of O -cyclic O -photophosphorylation O -by O -itself O -was O -also O -regulated O -by O -a O -back O -reaction O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -ferredoxin O -with O -two O -components O -of O -chloroplast O -membranes O -, O -component O -C550 O -and O -cytochrome O -b559 O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -are O -consistent O -with O -the O -suggestion O -that O -these O -polyphosphates O -act O -as O -a O -phosphate B-Chemical -store O -in O -the O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -with O -phytohemagglutinin O -of O -the O -leukocytes O -from O -six O -of O -the O -seven O -known O -individuals O -with O -UDP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -4 O -- O -epimerase O -( O -= O -UDP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -4 O -- O -epimerase O -; O -EC O -5 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -) O -deficiency O -consistently O -resulted O -in O -the O -appearance O -of O -epimerase O -activity O -in O -the O -cultured O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -explanations O -for O -the O -appearance O -of O -UDP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -4 O -- O -epimerase O -activity O -in O -stimulated O -lymphocytes O -include O -an O -increased O -rate O -of O -synthesis O -of O -a O -mutant O -enzyme O -and O -a O -derepression O -of O -an O -epimerase O -locus O -during O -lymphocyte O -transformation O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -requiring I-Chemical -mutant O -derived O -from O -Chinese O -hamster O -ovary O -( O -CHO O -) O -cells O -has O -been O -isolated O -and O -characterized O -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -the O -wild O -- O -type O -CHO O -cells O -, O -growth O -stops O -when O -medium O -is O -deprived O -of O -unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phospholipase O -activity O -of O -beta O -- O -bungarotoxin O -requires O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -is O -stimulated O -by O -deoxycholate O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -neuromuscular O -transmission O -is O -not O -blocked O -when O -calcium B-Chemical -is O -replaced O -by O -strontium O -, O -it O -was O -possible O -to O -examine O -the O -effects O -of O -the O -toxin O -on O -neuromuscular O -transmission O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -strontium O -. O - -aps B-category -Modifications O -of O -purified O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -other O -enzymes O -by O -a O -factor O -of O -low O -molecular O -weight O -abundant O -in O -some O -leukemic O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -leukemic O -extracts O -which O -are O -able O -to O -modify O -G6PD O -also O -can O -modify O -the O -electrophoretic O -mobility O -and O -( O -or O -) O -the O -enzymatic O -activity O -of O -purified O -leukocyte O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -, O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenase O -, O -and O -glucosephosphate O -isomerase O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -hours O -after O -copper B-Chemical -administration O -, O -activity O -was O -still O -higher O -, O -in O -some O -experiments O -double O -that O -achieved O -at O -6 O -hr O -. O - -aps B-category -Cycloheximide O -given O -2 O -or O -4 O -hr O -after O -the O -copper B-Chemical -was O -only O -one O -- O -half O -as O -effective O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -copper B-Chemical -is O -a O -key O -regulator O -of O -lysyl O -oxidase O -activity O -in O -aorta O -and O -may O -in O -fact O -be O -a O -major O -determinant O -of O -the O -steady O -- O -state O -levels O -of O -the O -enzyme O -in O -that O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cellular O -content O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -[ O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -: O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -ligase O -( O -ADP O -- O -forming O -) O -, O -EC O -6 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -] O -in O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -is O -reduced O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -long O -- O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -to O -the O -culture O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -of O -the O -mutant O -strains O -were O -capable O -of O -incorporating O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -to O -an O -extent O -comparable O -to O -that O -observed O -with O -the O -wild O -- O -type O -strain O -, O -but O -they O -accumulated O -markedly O -more O -of O -the O -incorporated O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -nonesterified O -form O -than O -did O -the O -wild O -- O -type O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -activation O -of O -exogenous O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -is O -required O -for O -the O -repression O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -, O -supporting O -the O -view O -that O -the O -repressive O -effect O -is O -mediated O -by O -some O -compound O -metabolically O -derived O -from O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -gamma O -- O -Glutamyl O -cyclotransferase O -and O -the O -enzymes O -required O -for O -glutathione B-Chemical -synthesis O -are O -not O -specifically O -localized O -to O -either O -the O -crypt O -or O -villus O -tip O -cells O -but O -are O -present O -in O -both O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -fasting O -, O -the O -glutathione B-Chemical -concentration O -decreased O -markedly O -in O -both O -villus O -tip O -and O -crypt O -cells O -; O -feeding O -of O -protein O -, O -but O -not O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -led O -to O -increased O -glutathione B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -high O -degree O -of O -electrical O -excitability O -was O -found O -in O -these O -cells O -, O -but O -there O -was O -no O -clear O -correlation O -of O -this O -property O -with O -the O -level O -of O -induction O -of O -either O -acetylcholinesterase O -( O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -hydrolase O -; O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -7 O -) O -or O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -[ O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -, O -tetrahydropteridine O -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -( O -3 O -- O -hydroxylating O -) O -; O -EC O -1 O -. O -14 O -. O -16 O -. O -2 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Fast O -reaction O -techniques O -were O -used O -to O -study O -the O -kinetics O -of O -protein O -fluorescence O -intensity O -changes O -that O -are O -associated O -with O -the O -reactions O -of O -unadenylylated O -Escherichia O -coli O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -[ O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -: O -ammonia B-Chemical -ligase O -( O -ADP O -- O -forming O -) O -, O -EC O -6 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -] O -with O -its O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -forward O -and O -reverse O -rate O -constants O -which O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -formation O -and O -consumption O -of O -these O -intermediates O -were O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -events O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -volume O -expansion O -of O -the O -total O -system O -, O -and O -the O -system O -becomes O -reactive O -to O -a O -pressure O -which O -reverses O -the O -anesthesia O -by O -shifting O -the O -equilibrium O -to O -the O -nonanesthetized O -original O -volume O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -nucleotide B-Chemical -metabolism O -was O -investigated O -in O -growing O -kidneys O -of O -rats O -during O -compensatory O -hypertrophy O -and O -during O -neonatal O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -cyclic O -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -guanosine B-Chemical -monophosphate O -( O -cGMP B-Chemical -) O -showed O -a O -sharp O -decline O -to O -20 O -% O -of O -control O -at O -15 O -min O -and O -a O -rapid O -rise O -to O -200 O -- O -300 O -% O -above O -base O -- O -line O -at O -1 O -- O -72 O -hr O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -change O -was O -observed O -in O -total O -cGMP B-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -( O -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -cyclic I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -nucleotidohydrolase O -; O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -17 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -compensatory O -renal O -hypertrophy O -and O -neonatal O -kidney O -growth O -are O -associated O -with O -changes O -in O -cAMP B-Chemical -and O -cGMP B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Hormonal O -regulation O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -adipose O -tissue O -through O -changes O -in O -the O -activities O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -) O -and O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -( O -EC O -6 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Biphasic O -membrane O -potential O -changes O -in O -pancreatic O -acinar O -cells O -following O -short O -pulses O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -the O -denaturants O -urea B-Chemical -and O -guanidine O -- O -HCl O -on O -the O -sweet O -- O -tasting O -protein O -monellin O -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -single O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -of O -monellin O -was O -not O -demonstrable O -in O -the O -precipitated O -protein O -, O -having O -apparently O -become O -oxidized O -during O -denaturation O -and O -formation O -of O -the O -aggregated O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -lipoprotein O -present O -in O -trypsin O -- O -treated O -microsomes O -can O -be O -oxidized O -with O -formation O -of O -malondialdehyde B-Chemical -in O -a O -system O -which O -contains O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -ferric O -ion O -- O -ADP O -complex O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -and O -a O -factor O -. O - -aps B-category -Thyroxine B-Chemical -inhibits O -lipid O -peroxidation O -as O -it O -is O -deiodinated O -in O -this O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -administration O -of O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -to O -six O -healthy O -volunteers O -for O -1 O -week O -at O -a O -daily O -dose O -of O -4 O -. O -5 O -mg O -was O -associated O -with O -mild O -respiratory O -alkalosis O -and O -a O -small O -but O -statistically O -significant O -increase O -in O -baseline O -urine O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -a O -single O -intravenous O -dose O -of O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -7 O -. O -5 O -mg O -) O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -significant O -rise O -in O -urine O -pH O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -excretion O -and O -decreased O -titratable O -acid O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -, O -and O -phosphorus B-Chemical -excretion O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -changes O -in O -blood O -acid O -- O -base O -status O -, O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -, O -or O -urine O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -Bicarbonate O -concentrations O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -outputs O -, O -cyclic O -- O -AMP O -tissue O -concentrations O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -outputs O -, O -as O -well O -as O -cyclic O -- O -AMP O -tissue O -concentrations O -and O -juice O -outputs O -, O -were O -significantly O -correlated O -. O - -aps B-category -Accordingly O -, O -enhanced O -release O -of O -endogenous O -secretin O -achieved O -by O -intraduodenal O -acidification O -led O -to O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -increase O -in O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -and O -cyclic O -- O -AMP O -outputs O -in O -both O -conscious O -and O -anesthetized O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -appear O -to O -be O -largely O -independent O -of O -terminal O -components O -of O -complement O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -polymorphonuclear O -leukocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -antinociceptive O -and O -withdrawal O -characteristics O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -at O -doses O -of O -10 O -and O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -given O -10 O -min O -prior O -to O -naloxone B-Chemical -challenge O -did O -not O -significantly O -alter O -the O -frequency O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -induced O -jumping O -72 O -hr O -after O -morphine B-Chemical -pellet O -implantation O -. O - -aps B-category -Naloxone B-Chemical -caused O -hyperactivity O -in O -mice O -when O -administered O -72 O -hr O -after O -morphine B-Chemical -pellet O -implantation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -administration O -of O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -every O -8 O -hr O -to O -rats O -during O -withdrawal O -from O -morphine B-Chemical -failed O -to O -alleviate O -the O -withdrawal O -syndrome O -as O -evidenced O -by O -changes O -in O -either O -body O -weight O -or O -water O -intake O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -properties O -of O -sotalol B-Chemical -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -on O -rabbit O -intestinal O -smooth O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Relaxation O -induced O -by O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -by O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -was O -inhibited O -after O -combined O -treatment O -with O -phentolamine B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -receptors O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -was O -inhibited O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -sotalol B-Chemical -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -but O -the O -block O -was O -incomplete O -. O - -aps B-category -Mice O -were O -given O -a O -drug O -per O -os O -and O -2 O -h O -later O -were O -challenged O -with O -an O -intravenous O -LD95 O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Iproniazid O -, O -tranylcypromine B-Chemical -, O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -benztropine B-Chemical -and O -trimethadione O -were O -inactive O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -relationship O -is O -especially O -good O -for O -drugs O -designated O -antidepressant B-Chemical -, O -antianxiety O -and O -antipsychotic O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -attempt O -is O -made O -to O -correlate O -the O -available O -kinetic O -and O -structural O -data O -for O -alcohol B-Chemical -and O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intercalative O -trypanosomal O -drug O -, O -ethidium O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -forms O -a O -crystalline O -complex O -with O -the O -dinucleoside O -monophosphate O -, O -5 O -- O -iodiuridylyl O -( O -3 O -' O -- O -5 O -' O -) O -adenosine B-Chemical -( O -iodoUpA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -PHA O -- O -receptor O -complex O -solubilized O -in O -1 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -has O -a O -molecular O -size O -of O -about O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -5 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -adequate O -stimulus O -for O -the O -chemoreceptor O -system O -in O -D O -. O -discoideum O -is O -the O -change O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -time O -, O -rather O -than O -concentration O -per O -se O -: O -long O -- O -term O -binding O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -causes O -only O -short O -- O -term O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cAMP B-Chemical -recognition O -system O -is O -part O -of O -a O -molecular O -network O -involved O -in O -the O -generation O -of O -spatio O -- O -temporal O -patterns O -of O -cellular O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -control O -of O -cellular O -activities O -via O -cAMP B-Chemical -receptors O -can O -be O -studied O -with O -biochemical O -techniques O -with O -cell O -suspensions O -in O -which O -spatial O -inhomogeneities O -are O -suppressed O -by O -intense O -stirring O -, O -whereas O -the O -temporal O -aspect O -of O -the O -spatiotemporal O -pattern O -is O -preserved O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -can O -also O -be O -shown O -that O -small O -cAMP B-Chemical -pulses O -induce O -a O -high O -output O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -, O -which O -demonstrates O -signal O -amplification O -, O -a O -function O -necessary O -for O -a O -cellular O -relay O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -major O -nutrients O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -magnesium B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -there O -are O -similarities O -to O -the O -trace O -metals O -in O -selective O -uptake O -but O -differences O -qualitatively O -and O -quantitatively O -in O -biological O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Thallium B-Chemical -is O -taken O -up O -instead O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -will O -activate O -some O -enzymes O -; O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -poisonous O -characteristics O -arise O -because O -the O -thallium B-Chemical -ion O -may O -bind O -more O -strongly O -than O -potassium B-Chemical -to O -part O -of O -a O -site O -and O -then O -fail O -to O -bind O -additional O -atoms O -as O -required O -for O -the O -biological O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -spectrum O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -in O -and O -around O -the O -combining O -site O -has O -been O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -particular O -the O -conformational O -demands O -of O -the O -adrenergic O -beta O -- O -receptor O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -receptor O -are O -considered O -. O - -aps B-category -Soluble O -rat O -brain O -proteins O -undergo O -a O -thermal O -reversible O -denaturation O -in O -the O -range O -of O -20 O -degrees O -C O -- O -65 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -thermal O -transition O -as O -studied O -in O -0 O -. O -25 O -M O -sucrose B-Chemical -solution O -, O -is O -associated O -with O -changes O -in O -the O -proteins O -ionization O -capacity O -by O -the O -lowering O -of O -the O -isoionic O -solution O -pHfrom O -a O -value O -of O -6 O -. O -95 O -at O -20 O -degrees O -C O -to O -6 O -. O -55 O -at O -65 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -apparent O -enthalpy O -change O -delta O -H O -at O -the O -transition O -temperature O -( O -t O -= O -50 O -degrees O -C O -) O -is O -about O -34 O -Kcal O -, O -heat O -capacity O -delta O -Cp O -about O -1 O -. O -75 O -Kcal O -, O -and O -apparent O -entrophy O -change O -deltaS O -100 O -e O -. O -u O -. O - -aps B-category -Attenuation O -of O -the O -euphoriant O -and O -activating O -effects O -of O -d O -- O -and O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -by O -lithium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Amphetamine I-Chemical -was O -2 O -to O -2 O -. O -3 O -- O -fold O -more O -effective O -in O -producing O -activation O -, O -euphoria O -, O -and O -antidepressant B-Chemical -effects O -than O -the O -same O -dose O -of O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -responses O -to O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -were O -almost O -completely O -abolished O -by O -lithium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Lorazepam B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -neurosis O -- O -- O -an O -uncontrolled O -clinical O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -it O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -that O -Krebs O -cycle O -intermediates O -can O -result O -in O -anaerobic O -energy O -formation O -by O -the O -mitochondria O -, O -and O -under O -certain O -extreme O -conditions O -can O -lead B-Chemical -to O -improved O -performance O -of O -the O -heart O -, O -the O -potential O -for O -a O -physiologically O -important O -effect O -of O -this O -approach O -is O -probably O -limited O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -22 O -mM O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -used O -as O -substrate O -, O -the O -early O -responses O -to O -hypoxia O -were O -not O -altered O -; O -but O -late O -performance O -was O -improved O -, O -contracture O -did O -not O -appear O -, O -and O -full O -recovery O -after O -60 O -min O -of O -hypoxia O -was O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -22 O -mM O -glucose B-Chemical -allowed O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -to O -exert O -its O -inotropic O -effect O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -late O -deleterious O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -healthy O -, O -closed O -- O -chest O -dogs O -, O -dose O -- O -dependent O -depression O -of O -ventricular O -function O -was O -produced O -by O -the O -anesthetics O -halothane B-Chemical -, O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -, O -and O -fluroxene O -, O -as O -evidence O -by O -decreases O -in O -left O -venticular O -stroke O -volume O -, O -stroke O -work O -, O -dP O -/ O -dt O -, O -and O -an O -increased O -enddiastolic O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -change O -in O -myocardial O -lactate B-Chemical -extraction O -with O -halothane B-Chemical -and O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -that O -myocardial O -oxygenation O -was O -adequate O -in O -spite O -of O -the O -decrease O -in O -blood O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hemodynamic O -effects O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -and O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -are O -similar O -to O -those O -previously O -reported O -in O -man O -, O -but O -those O -of O -fluroxene O -are O -different O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -aneurysms O -and O -other O -morphologically O -defined O -cardiac O -lesions O -were O -produced O -in O -frogs O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -IPR O -) O -as O -previously O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Therapeutic O -indications O -and O -side O -effects O -of O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agents O -and O -verapamil B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -triglyceride B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -raised O -from O -130 O -to O -1454 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -ml O -without O -statistically O -significant O -change O -in O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -, O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -, O -or O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -data O -suggest O -that O -high O -concentrations O -of O -plasma O -triglycerides B-Chemical -produced O -by O -infusion O -of O -chylomicrons O -or O -Intralipid O -do O -not O -affect O -arterial O -blood O -gases O -in O -the O -normal O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -insulin O -during O -extracorporeal O -circulation O -using O -a O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -pump O -prime O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -6 O -of O -the O -patients O -, O -the O -same O -parameters O -had O -been O -measured O -during O -a O -pre O -- O -operative O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -first O -minutes O -of O -extracorporeal O -circulation O -, O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -fell O -more O -than O -during O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -test O -, O -in O -spite O -of O -comparable O -insulin O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -also O -found O -that O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -was O -always O -more O -easily O -transferred O -than O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -so O -that O -oxygen B-Chemical -transfer O -capcity O -was O -the O -limiting O -factor O -in O -the O -use O -of O -the O -oxygenator O -. O - -aps B-category -Directionally O -sensitive O -ganglion O -cells O -in O -rabbit O -retina O -lose O -their O -directional O -sensitivity O -when O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -, O -an O -antagonist O -of O -the O -inhibitory O -neurotransmitter O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -is O -infused O -into O -the O -retinal O -blood O -supply O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -receptive O -field O -types O -are O -affected O -by O -strychnine B-Chemical -but O -not O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -activity O -was O -higher O -in O -mesenteric O -vessels O -, O -adrenal O -glands O -, O -and O -serum O -of O -3 O -- O -week O -- O -old O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -but O -lower O -in O -the O -locus O -coeruleus O -than O -it O -was O -in O -the O -control O -Wistar O -- O -Kyoto O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -human O -studies O -have O -shown O -that O -drinking O -tea O -during O -meals O -significantly O -inhibits O -the O -absorption O -of O -both O -food O -iron B-Chemical -and O -medicinal O -iron B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molar O -ratio O -of O -tannin O -: O -iron B-Chemical -is O -dependent O -on O -the O -pH O -, O -being O -1 O -: O -1 O -at O -pH O -2 O -, O -0 O -2 O -: O -1 O -at O -pH O -5 O -, O -5 O -and O -3 O -: O -1 O -at O -pH O -8 O -, O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -investigation O -into O -the O -hepatic O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -catalysed O -metabolism O -of O -the O -anaesthetic O -fluroxene O -( O -2 O -, O -2 O -, O -2 O -- O -trifluoroethyl O -vinyl O -ether B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -it O -is O -elevated O -levels O -of O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -which O -potentiate O -the O -toxicity O -of O -fluroxene O -anaesthesia O -in O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -treated O -animals O -and O -that O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -448 O -does O -not O -bind O -or O -metabolize O -fluroxene O -. O - -aps B-category -Red O -cell O -2 O -, O -3 O -DPG O -levels O -were O -increased O -in O -the O -anemia O -of O -iron B-Chemical -deficiency O -and O -were O -normal O -in O -the O -rabbits O -with O -chronic O -phenylhydrazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -anemia O -at O -the O -time O -of O -wound O -excision O -but O -were O -low O -following O -phynylhydrazine O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -stimulating O -and O -blocking O -agents O -on O -the O -adrenaline B-Chemical -response O -and O -adenyl O -cyclase O -activity O -of O -leukocyte O -in O -monkey O -and O -human O -being O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -leukocyte O -adenyl O -cyclase O -from O -patients O -with O -coronary O -heart O -disease O -also O -decreased O -after O -oral O -medication O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -intact O -circulation O -, O -the O -vasodilation O -is O -masked O -by O -release O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -which O -constrict O -the O -pulmonary O -blood O -vessels O -. O - -aps B-category -Estrogens B-Chemical -and O -cyclic O -AMP O -have O -also O -an O -inhibitory O -action O -on O -the O -oxidation O -of O -C21 O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -" O -Adsorbtion O -" O -of O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -on O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -partially O -reactivates O -the O -delta5 O -- O -3beta O -HSDH O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -enzyme O -: O -substrate O -ratio O -is O -1 O -: O -50 O -hydrolysis O -proceeds O -most O -intensively O -; O -with O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -ratio O -up O -to O -1 O -: O -1000 O -the O -average O -amount O -of O -peptides O -increase O -from O -2 O -. O -6 O -up O -to O -4 O -amino B-Chemical -acidic O -residua O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -the O -pH O -range O -of O -5 O -. O -0 O -- O -11 O -. O -0 O -the O -maximal O -amount O -of O -alpha O -- O -NH2 O -- O -groups O -and O -hydroxyproline B-Chemical -is O -observed O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -5 O -, O -the O -minimal O -- O -- O -at O -PH O -5 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -6 O -- O -hour O -hydrolysis O -the O -solved O -part O -of O -the O -system O -contains O -about O -30 O -% O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -and O -8 O -. O -9 O -and O -6 O -% O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -proline O -and O -hydroxyproline B-Chemical -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -presence O -of O -Mg2 O -+ O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -is O -inhibited O -by O -ions O -Cd2 O -+ O -, O -Zn2 O -+ O -, O -f O -- O -, O -Be2 O -+ O -, O -Cu2 O -+ O -, O -Mn2 O -+ O -, O -Ca2 O -+ O -, O -MoO42 O -- O -, O -Fe3 O -+ O -, O -Fe2 O -+ O -, O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -by O -EDTA O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Abuse O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -( O -Temesta O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -different O -dilutions O -with O -heparin B-Chemical -solutions O -or O -saline O -on O -blood O -PCO2 O -, O -pH O -and O -standard O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -all O -other O -renal O -disorders O -only O -the O -sixteen O -malignant O -tumors O -of O -the O -kidney O -showed O -a O -significant O -drop O -of O -gamma O -- O -GT O -in O -tumor O -tissue O -and O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -Along O -with O -pH O -the O -alkali B-Chemical -reserve O -also O -dropped O -to O -37 O -. O -9 O -in O -the O -first O -month O -and O -14 O -. O -20 O -in O -the O -fifth O -month O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -orchiectomy O -estrogen B-Chemical -excretion O -decreased O -for O -4 O -months O -and O -then O -increased O -again O -, O -after O -ACTH B-Chemical -stimulation O -performed O -by O -reason O -of O -adrenal O -insufficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -period O -of O -lowest O -day O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -within O -6 O -- O -8 O -days O -after O -bilatheral O -adrenalectomy O -, O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -decreased O -by O -about O -20 O -% O -as O -compared O -with O -an O -adequate O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -a O -day O -after O -hypophisectomy O -D O -- O -cycloserine O -did O -not O -cause O -the O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -rat O -liver O -tissue O -; O -to O -the O -contrary O -, O -the O -dimer O -of O -D O -- O -cycloserine O -caused O -induction O -of O -the O -enzyme O -, O -comparable O -to O -the O -ACTH B-Chemical -effect O -, O -in O -liver O -tissue O -of O -hypophisectomized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -oxidation O -of O -NADP O -. O -H2 O -estimation O -of O -the O -rate O -of O -electron O -transfer O -reactions O -was O -carried O -out O -by O -monitoring O -of O -velocity O -of O -O2 O -absorption O -in O -presence O -of O -EDTA O -( O -inhibitor O -of O -the O -reaction O -of O -peroxidation O -) O -because O -about O -50 O -% O -of O -the O -total O -oxygen B-Chemical -were O -utilized O -only O -in O -the O -process O -where O -NADP O -. O -H2 O -was O -oxidized O -. O - -aps B-category -Single O -administration O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -or O -insulin O -into O -rats O -( O -body O -weight O -200 O -g O -) O -and O -also O -combined O -treatment O -of O -the O -animals O -with O -the O -hormones O -at O -large O -doses O -caused O -a O -distinct O -increase O -in O -activities O -of O -anode O -and O -cathode O -isoenzymes O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ketoglutarate I-Chemical -transaminase O -in O -soluble O -fraction O -; O -total O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -also O -increased O -in O -mitochondria O -of O -rat O -liver O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -content O -in O -the O -arterial O -blood O -and O -CSF O -of O -24 O -patients O -operated O -on O -the O -brain O -under O -fluothane O -anesthesia O -with O -artificial O -ventilation O -of O -the O -lungs O -was O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increased O -concentration O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -in O -the O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -was O -not O -attended O -by O -accumulation O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -excess O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -dogs O -with O -elaborated O -rhythmic O -and O -mozaic O -stereotypes O -of O -secretory O -and O -motor O -situational O -conditioned O -reflexes O -specific O -features O -were O -revealed O -in O -the O -action O -of O -some O -neurotropic O -drugs O -( O -amizyl O -, O -amedine O -, O -diphacil O -, O -pediphene O -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -oxybutyrate O -) O -on O -preparatory O -( O -latent O -) O -conditions O -of O -excitation O -and O -inhibition O -, O -appearing O -in O -the O -stabilized O -systems O -of O -reflexes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -determination O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -: O -dehydroascorbic O -acid O -oxidoreductase O -was O -based O -on O -these O -observations O -by O -a O -photometric O -measurement O -of O -the O -ascorbic O -acid O -resulting O -from O -the O -catalysis O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -different O -days O -at O -exactly O -determined O -times O -of O -drug O -administration O -blood O -, O -and O -on O -the O -day O -of O -synovectomy O -synovial O -fluid O -and O -synovial O -tissue O -, O -were O -taken O -and O -frozen O -to O -- O -70 O -degrees O -C O -and O -subsequently O -examined O -as O -to O -the O -content O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -, O -paracetamol B-Chemical -, O -and O -unchanged O -benorylate O -. O - -aps B-category -Benorylate O -can O -probably O -penetrate O -into O -the O -synovial O -membrane O -like O -its O -metabolites O -salicylate B-Chemical -and O -paracetamol B-Chemical -; O -it O -remains O -, O -however O -, O -to O -be O -examined O -whether O -the O -metabolites O -are O -distributed O -differently O -in O -different O -synovial O -areas O -( O -active O -inflamed O -and O -unattacked O -synovial O -tissue O -, O -respectively O -) O -in O -the O -same O -way O -as O -benorylate O -per O -se O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Rate O -of O -distribution O -of O -pulse O -wave O -in O -patients O -with O -II O -- O -A O -stage O -hypertensive O -disease O -treated O -with O -artificial O -iodo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bromide I-Chemical -baths O -under O -conditions O -of O -medium O -( O -Cholpon O -- O -Ata O -health O -resort O -) O -and O -low O -( O -city O -of O -Frunze O -) O -altitudes O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -An O -experimental O -study O -of O -the O -spectrum O -of O -individual O -psychotropic O -activity O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -( O -Leponex O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyruvate O -kinase O -from O -ascites O -tumour O -cells O -can O -be O -eluted O -from O -phosphocellulose O -by O -very O -low O -concentrations O -of O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -, O -fructose O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -bisphosphate O -, O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphate O -and O -pyrophosphate O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -specific O -activity O -of O -420 O -for O -an O -almost O -homogeneous O -preparation O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -from O -ascites O -tumour O -cells O -has O -maximally O -been O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cytoplasmatic O -( O -c O -) O -and O -mitochondrial O -( O -m O -) O -GOT O -showed O -temperature O -- O -dependent O -differences O -in O -the O -half O -- O -saturation O -constants O -for O -the O -substrates O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -and O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -. O - -aps B-category -Heparin B-Chemical -( O -10 O -000 O -IE O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -content O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -of O -the O -inflamed O -paws O -was O -increased O -threefold O -in O -both O -phases O -of O -arthritis O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -neuraminidase O -decreased O -the O -activity O -of O -Na O -+ O -, O -K O -+ O -- O -activated O -Mg2 O -+ O -- B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -triphosphatase O -in O -plasma O -membranes O -isolated O -from O -experimental O -granulation O -tissue O -but O -not O -that O -of O -5 O -' O -- O -nucleotidase O -or O -leucine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -naphthylamidase I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -marker O -enzymes O -of O -plasma O -membranes O -were O -not O -affected O -by O -additions O -of O -hyaluronate B-Chemical -, O -chondroitin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -, O -protein O -polysaccharide O -or O -soluble O -collagen O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -side O -effects O -, O -8 O -for O -Mequitazine O -, O -5 O -for O -placebo O -, O -are O -mild O -and O -did O -not O -lead B-Chemical -to O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -treatment O -in O -the O -Mequitazine O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -treated O -with O -200 O -mug O -and O -300 O -mug O -beclomethasone B-Chemical -dipropionate I-Chemical -a O -day O -there O -was O -a O -moderate O -decrease O -in O -nasal O -symptom O -scores O -and O -in O -use O -of O -antihistamine O -tablets O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tissue O -contents O -of O -phosphocreatine O -, O -ATP O -, O -ADP O -, O -AMP O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -were O -measured O -in O -hypothermic O -animals O -at O -PaCO2 O -values O -of O -15 O -, O -30 O -and O -60 O -mm O -Hg O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -was O -made O -of O -the O -changes O -taking O -place O -under O -the O -effect O -of O -BCO O -in O -the O -normal O -animal O -, O -in O -animals O -in O -a O -haemorrhagic O -state O -, O -after O -pharmacological O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -, O -haemorrhage O -after O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -, O -retransfusion O -of O -blood O -+ O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -and O -after O -local O -application O -of O -0 O -. O -01 O -papaverine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -papaverine B-Chemical -, O -theophyline O -and O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -, O -administered O -in O -different O -combinations O -of O -their O -threshold O -doses O -, O -on O -the O -relaxing O -effect O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -was O -studied O -on O -an O -isolated O -segment O -of O -proximal O -jejunum O -of O -male O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -Papaverine O -potentiated O -the O -relaxinf O -effects O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -both O -when O -administered O -alone O -and O -in O -combination O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -or O -with O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interpretation O -of O -the O -results O -obtained O -leads O -to O -the O -fundamental O -conclusions O -that O -the O -relaxing O -effect O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -on O -cat O -jejunum O -is O -more O -alpha O -- O -than O -beta O -- O -adrenergically O -determined O -and O -that O -the O -system O -of O -the O -cyclic O -AMP O -participates O -in O -its O -realization O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -quantitative O -comparison O -of O -this O -technique O -with O -the O -convention O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -method O -revealed O -no O -significant O -difference O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Kinetics O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -decomposition O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distribution O -and O -classification O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -mammalian O -and O -avian O -tissues O -have O -been O -summarized O -in O -Tables O -1 O -- O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacological O -receptors O -mediating O -mepyramine O -- O -sensitive O -histamine B-Chemical -responses O -have O -been O -defined O -as O -H1 O -- O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -responses O -mediated O -via O -H2 O -- O -receptors O -seem O -to O -involve O -the O -adenylcyclase O -system O -resulting O -in O -elevation O -of O -intracellular O -cyclic O -- O -AMP O -level O -, O -which O -is O -susceptible O -to O -burimamide O -blockade O -but O -insensitive O -to O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -tissues O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -play O -an O -important O -role O -in O -physiological O -, O -immunological O -and O -immunopathological O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -also O -appear O -to O -play O -and O -important O -role O -in O -the O -development O -of O -immuno O -- O -competence O -and O -immunity O -. O - -aps B-category -Sera O -from O -rabbits O -immunized O -with O -L O -- O -16 O -measles O -virus O -absorded O -with O -monkey O -blood O -cells O -; O -kaolin O -and O -blood O -cells O -; O -and O -MnCl2 O -and O -heparin B-Chemical -were O -examined O -in O -haemagglutination O -inhibition O -( O -HI O -) O -and O -neutralization O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -Correlation O -between O -molecular O -size O -and O -interferon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inducing O -activity O -of O -poly O -I O -: O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -showed O -that O -( O -1 O -) O -poly O -I O -: O -C O -molecules O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -0 O -. O -3 O -nm O -long O -were O -the O -most O -effective O -for O -interferon B-Chemical -induction O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -sonication O -of O -poly O -I O -: O -C O -reduced O -its O -molecular O -length O -and O -also O -the O -interferon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inducing I-Chemical -activity O -, O -the O -degree O -of O -reduction O -varying O -in O -different O -fractions O -; O -and O -( O -3 O -) O -the O -interferon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inducing I-Chemical -activity O -of O -poly O -I O -: O -C O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -0 O -. O -3 O -nm O -obtained O -by O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -was O -higher O -than O -that O -poly O -I O -: O -C O -of O -corresponding O -length O -prepared O -by O -sonication O -. O - -aps B-category -Precipitation O -of O -phase O -I O -antigen O -of O -Coxiella O -burnetii O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -sulfite O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -analysis O -of O -the O -essence O -of O -the O -" O -oncogene O -position O -effect O -" O -from O -this O -standpoint O -shows O -that O -an O -integration O -, O -similar O -in O -its O -mechanism O -but O -differing O -in O -polarity O -, O -of O -the O -genome O -of O -other O -viruses O -with O -the O -cell O -genome O -should O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -formation O -of O -a O -corresponding O -antiviral O -stable O -( O -life O -- O -long O -) O -immunity O -or O -also O -to O -the O -emergence O -of O -pseudoautoimmune O -disease O -of O -the O -type O -caused O -by O -" O -slow O -" O -viruses O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -most O -patients O -were O -receiving O -several O -drugs O -, O -Mellaril B-Chemical -( O -thioridazine B-Chemical -) O -appeared O -to O -be O -responsible O -for O -five O -cases O -of O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -, O -one O -of O -which O -was O -fatal O -in O -a O -35 O -year O -old O -woman O -. O - -aps B-category -Aventyl B-Chemical -( O -nortriptyline B-Chemical -) O -and O -Elavil B-Chemical -( O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -) O -each O -produced O -left O -bundle O -branch O -block O -in O -a O -73 O -year O -old O -woman O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -prospective O -clinical O -trial O -is O -suggested O -to O -quantify O -the O -risk O -of O -cardiac O -complications O -to O -patients O -receiving O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -or O -tricyclic O -antidepressant B-Chemical -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -four O -patients O -with O -life O -- O -threatening O -childhood O -status O -asthmaticus O -were O -treated O -with O -intravenous O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -infusions O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -evaluate O -responses O -to O -medical O -therapy O -in O -ulcerative O -colitis O -, O -rectal O -biopsies O -of O -patients O -with O -active O -untreated O -disease O -, O -individuals O -with O -positive O -and O -negative O -sigmoidoscopic O -findings O -treated O -with O -salicylazosulfapyridine O -, O -prednisone B-Chemical -and O -6 O -- O -mercaptopurine O -, O -alone O -and O -in O -combinations O -and O -noncolitis O -controls O -were O -compared O -histologically O -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -infusion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -and O -albumin O -into O -high O -- O -risk O -premature O -infants O -soon O -after O -birth O -: O -a O -controlled O -, O -prospective O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -per O -kilogram O -of O -a O -solution O -containing O -either O -( O -A O -) O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -water O -, O -( O -B O -) O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -poor I-Chemical -albumin O -, O -( O -C O -) O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -, O -or O -( O -D O -) O -a O -combination O -of O -albumin O -and O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -managed O -them O -supportively O -with O -warmth O -, O -appropriate O -oxygen B-Chemical -administration O -, O -isotonic O -fluid O -infusion O -, O -and O -close O -monitoring O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -babies O -who O -received O -no O -alkali B-Chemical -, O -RDS O -occurred O -in O -11 O -of O -27 O -, O -5 O -died O -, O -and O -none O -had O -intracranial O -hemorrhage O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -net O -gain O -could O -not O -be O -mimicked O -by O -epinephrine B-Chemical -administration O -or O -blocked O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -was O -absent O -in O -the O -beating O -rat O -septum O -and O -the O -quiescent O -rabbit O -septum O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitrate B-Chemical -loading O -on O -electrolyte O -transport O -by O -the O -renal O -tubule O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximal O -levels O -of O -free O -water O -clearance O -/ O -clomerular O -filtration O -rate O -( O -CH2O O -/ O -GFR O -) O -averaged O -8 O -. O -4 O -% O -with O -nitrate B-Chemical -loading O -and O -14 O -. O -4 O -% O -with O -saline O -loading O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -these O -agents O -resulted O -in O -an O -increase O -in O -fractional O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -( O -CNa O -/ O -GFR O -) O -of O -21 O -. O -1 O -% O -, O -urinary O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -( O -UNaV O -) O -of O -1 O -, O -126 O -mueq O -/ O -min O -, O -and O -urinary O -chloride B-Chemical -excretion O -( O -UClV O -) O -of O -848 O -mueq O -/ O -min O -during O -nitrate B-Chemical -loading O -compared O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -CNa O -/ O -GFR O -of O -37 O -. O -6 O -% O -, O -UNaV O -of O -2 O -, O -362 O -mueq O -/ O -min O -, O -and O -UClV O -of O -2 O -, O -397 O -mueq O -/ O -min O -during O -saline O -loading O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -every O -level O -of O -UNaV O -, O -fractional O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -was O -higher O -, O -urine O -pH O -was O -lower O -, O -and O -urinary O -potassium B-Chemical -excretion O -( O -UKV O -) O -was O -higher O -in O -the O -nitrate B-Chemical -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -higher O -hydrogen B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -secretion O -in O -the O -nitrate B-Chemical -studies O -may O -be O -consequent O -to O -the O -decreased O -ability O -of O -the O -distal O -nephron O -to O -reabsorb O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -calculate O -that O -, O -were O -the O -rate O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -to O -increase O -significantly O -as O -a O -result O -of O -secretory O -stimulation O -, O -the O -tissue O -would O -now O -be O -oxygen B-Chemical -limited O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -infer O -that O -the O -rate O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -did O -not O -rise O -significantly O -when O -acid O -secretion O -was O -increased O -by O -supplying O -sufficient O -CO2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -disappearance O -of O -acid O -or O -alkali B-Chemical -from O -the O -mucosal O -solution O -of O -short O -- O -circuited O -tissue O -was O -measured O -with O -a O -pH O -stat O -while O -the O -serosal O -pH O -was O -kept O -at O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Gut O -sacs O -of O -rabbit O -duodenum O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -showed O -a O -positive O -correlation O -between O -acid O -disposal O -and O -the O -rate O -of O -luminal B-Chemical -CO2 O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -combined O -use O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -preparations O -with O -pyrroxane O -on O -the O -gonadotropic O -function O -of O -the O -hypophysis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -21 O -patients O -undergoing O -ear O -operations O -associated O -with O -minimal O -bleeding O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -and O -plasma O -aldosterone B-Chemical -concentration O -were O -studied O -before O -and O -during O -surgical O -procedure O -, O -and O -in O -the O -postoperative O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -plasma O -aldosterone B-Chemical -are O -variable O -. O - -aps B-category -Significantly O -lower O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -these O -cases O -seems O -to O -indicate O -the O -important O -contributing O -role O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -for O -the O -short O -- O -term O -regulation O -of O -aldosterone B-Chemical -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -, O -multisample O -isoelectric O -focusing O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradients O -using O -conventional O -polyacrylamide O -electrophoresis O -equpiment O -: O -a O -two O -- O -peak O -transient O -in O -the O -approach O -- O -to O -- O -equilibrium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -preparation O -of O -patients O -for O -reintervention O -should O -aim O -at O -the O -correction O -of O -: O -- O -states O -of O -shock O -and O -collapse O -, O -found O -in O -one O -out O -of O -three O -patients O -; O -- O -hydroelectrolytic O -disturbances O -( O -sodium B-Chemical -depletion O -, O -hypochloremia O -, O -dyskaliemia O -) O -; O -- O -and O -finally O -, O -re O -- O -establishment O -of O -the O -acid O -- O -base O -balance O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -these O -modifications O -, O -the O -progressive O -fall O -in O -the O -urinary O -Na O -/ O -K O -ratio O -and O -the O -negativity O -of O -the O -nitrogen B-Chemical -balance O -appear O -to O -play O -a O -privileged O -role O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cerebral O -haemodynamic O -effects O -of O -CT O -1341 O -also O -called O -Alfatesin O -, O -an O -anaesthetic O -steroid B-Chemical -, O -were O -studied O -in O -the O -cat O -by O -means O -of O -the O -Xenon O -133 O -isotopic O -clearance O -method O -to O -measure O -the O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -shows O -that O -the O -staff O -working O -in O -an O -operating O -room O -is O -repeatedly O -being O -exposed O -to O -appreciable O -doses O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -vapours O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -it O -is O -quite O -possible O -that O -the O -halothane B-Chemical -spread O -in O -the O -air O -should O -be O -held O -responsible O -for O -the O -discomfort O -felt O -in O -particular O -by O -anaesthesists O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -immediate O -consequences O -of O -miscarried O -hangings O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -physio O -- O -pathological O -argument O -dealing O -mainly O -with O -the O -neurological O -and O -breathing O -manifestations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -partial O -pressure O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -rose O -significantly O -in O -the O -majority O -of O -cases O -, O -and O -the O -alveolo O -- O -arterial O -gradient O -also O -significantly O -diminished O -by O -more O -than O -100 O -mm O -of O -mercury O -. O - -aps B-category -Consideration O -is O -given O -to O -progestational O -agents O -, O -oxytocics O -, O -beta O -- O -mimetics O -, O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -, O -insulin O -, O -hypotensive O -agents O -, O -diuretics O -and O -psychiatric O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -, O -radiological O -, O -blood O -gas O -and O -mechanical O -analysis O -enabled O -one O -to O -differenciate O -2 O -main O -types O -of O -indications O -for O -artificial O -ventilation O -: O -- O -- O -acute O -hypoxemia O -, O -- O -- O -the O -idea O -of O -an O -increased O -need O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -it O -seems O -important O -to O -us O -to O -state O -that O -neuroleptanalgesia O -is O -not O -the O -ideal O -method O -for O -management O -of O -labour O -any O -more O -than O -is O -thiopental B-Chemical -or O -Gamma O -- O -OH O -. O - -aps B-category -Dilatation O -of O -the O -pulmonary O -vessels O -depends O -in O -part O -upon O -an O -increase O -in O -partial O -pressure O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -a O -fall O -in O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -in O -the O -environment O -of O -the O -pulmonary O -arterioles O -, O -and O -in O -part O -upon O -mechanical O -changes O -brought O -about O -by O -the O -movements O -of O -ventilatation O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Determination O -of O -the O -activity O -of O -serum O -ornithine B-Chemical -carbamoyltranferase O -: O -working O -conditions O -in O -a O -veronal O -- O -acetate O -medium O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -conditions O -of O -enzyme O -analysis O -were O -then O -studied O -in O -buffer O -veronal O -- O -acetate O -medium O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -optimum O -pH O -for O -activity O -depended O -on O -the O -ornithine B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -but O -was O -independent O -of O -carbamyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -urea B-Chemical -was O -destroyed O -by O -a O -urease O -of O -high O -quality O -, O -so O -that O -the O -formation O -of O -citrulline O -in O -the O -control O -reagents O -was O -minimal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -analgesic O -potency O -of O -anileridine O -and O -pethidine B-Chemical -was O -compared O -in O -28 O -patients O -by O -measuring O -their O -effect O -on O -withdrawal O -movements O -caused O -by O -pinching O -of O -the O -skin O -or O -by O -surgery O -during O -N2O O -+ O -O2 O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -the O -cardioselective O -beta O -- O -blocker O -metoprolol B-Chemical -in O -angina O -pectoris O -. O - -aps B-category -Metoprolol B-Chemical -gave O -a O -significant O -reduction O -in O -the O -number O -of O -anginal O -attacks O -and O -in O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -consumption O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -complaints O -reported O -were O -mild O -to O -moderate O -, O -and O -the O -frequency O -during O -metoprolol B-Chemical -treatment O -was O -even O -lower O -than O -during O -placebo O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -the O -phosphorus B-Chemical -concentration O -on O -novobiocin O -formation O -by O -the O -producer O -Act O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -paper O -it O -is O -shown O -that O -production O -of O -novobiocin O -in O -natural O -media O -is O -sensitive O -to O -the O -concentration O -of O -mineral O -phosphorus B-Chemical -in O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -aeruginosa O -gentamycin O -was O -somewhat O -inferior O -than O -polymyxin O -but O -much O -more O -superior O -than O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -studies O -showed O -that O -by O -their O -capacity O -to O -oxidize O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -some O -metabolites O -of O -the O -tricarboxylic O -acid O -cycle O -( O -acetate O -, O -succinate O -, O -malate B-Chemical -) O -the O -strains O -were O -arranged O -in O -the O -order O -reverse O -to O -their O -antibiotic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -1st O -phase O -( O -the O -1st O -and O -2nd O -days O -) O -the O -strains O -almost O -did O -not O -differ O -by O -their O -capacity O -to O -oxidize O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lactulose O -, O -a O -non O -- O -absorbable O -disaccharide O -, O -was O -investigated O -as O -an O -alternative O -therapy O -for O -shigella O -infection O -on O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -short O -- O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -inhibitory O -to O -shigella O -) O -resulting O -from O -metabolism O -of O -lactulose O -by O -normal O -colonic O -flora O -would O -diminish O -shigella O -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -4 O -days O -of O -therapy O -, O -cultures O -were O -still O -positive O -in O -four O -out O -of O -four O -men O -on O -lactulose O -, O -three O -of O -three O -on O -placebo O -and O -none O -of O -three O -on O -ampicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -branched O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -particularly O -those O -of O -iso O -- O -configuration O -, O -have O -been O -shown O -to O -possess O -fungistatic O -and O -bacteriostatic O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -antimicrobial O -effect O -obtained O -from O -the O -combination O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -tetramethylthiuramdisulfide O -is O -significantly O -enhanced O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -and O -0 O -. O -2 O -% O -KCl O -. O - -aps B-category -Citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -activity O -of O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -was O -determined O -by O -a O -radioactive O -assay O -procedure O -and O -the O -reaction O -product O -, O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -was O -identified O -by O -chromatographic O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -NADH O -, O -like O -NAD O -, O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -glutamine B-Chemical -, O -arginine O -, O -ornithine B-Chemical -, O -proline O -, O -aspartic O -acid O -and O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -exhibited O -no O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -in O -which O -the O -development O -of O -the O -respiratory O -system O -was O -either O -stimulated O -by O -growth O -on O -sugars O -to O -which O -the O -cells O -have O -to O -adapt O -, O -or O -inhibited O -by O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -suggested O -a O -correlation O -between O -respiratory O -development O -and O -sporulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -authors O -have O -suggested O -that O -bacterial O -survival O -and O -growth O -in O -the O -solutions O -is O -suppressed O -by O -( O -a O -) O -high O -dextrose B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -( O -b O -) O -high O -osmolality O -, O -or O -( O -c O -) O -low O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -New O -medium O -for O -isolating O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxidizing I-Chemical -and O -heterotrophic O -acidophilic O -bacteria O -from O -acid O -mine O -drainage O -. O - -aps B-category -Examination O -of O -AMD O -from O -five O -states O -revealed O -several O -kinds O -of O -colonies O -of O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxidizing I-Chemical -bacteria O -: O -( O -i O -) O -smooth O -, O -( O -ii O -) O -smooth O -with O -secondary O -growth O -sectors O -or O -branching O -, O -( O -iii O -) O -star O -- O -shaped O -, O -( O -iv O -) O -radiating O -lobe O -, O -and O -( O -v O -) O -flat O -- O -rough O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -supported O -growth O -if O -the O -sugar O -- O -salts O -medium O -was O -at O -pH O -3 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -determined O -as O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -the O -protein O -content O -of O -the O -product O -, O -which O -contained O -cassava O -bark O -and O -other O -unfermented O -residues O -, O -was O -27 O -. O -1 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thermal O -resistance O -of O -spore O -crops O -produced O -from O -each O -of O -two O -representative O -cultures O -was O -determined O -in O -0 O -. O -067 O -M O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -17 O -of O -the O -children O -preferred O -the O -intranasal O -beclomethasone B-Chemical -dipropionate I-Chemical -, O -one O -had O -no O -preference O -, O -none O -preferred O -the O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -oxyhemoglobin O -affinity O -on O -tissue O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -this O -reason O -, O -the O -influence O -of O -hemoglobin O -affinity O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -on O -tissue O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -has O -been O -incompletely O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -membrane O -lung O -system O -which O -allowed O -precise O -control O -of O -blood O -flow O -, O -temperature O -, O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -content O -and O -arterial O -pH O -was O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -decreased O -hemoglobin O -affinity O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -appeared O -to O -permit O -increased O -oxygen B-Chemical -off O -- O -loading O -at O -the O -tissue O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -between O -muscle O -surface O -pH O -( O -pHM O -) O -and O -the O -arterial O -- O -venous O -oxygen B-Chemical -content O -difference O -( O -AVO2D O -) O -was O -studied O -in O -4 O -patients O -undergoing O -reconstructive O -arterial O -surgery O -and O -in O -6 O -patients O -undergoing O -acute O -normovolemic O -hemodilution O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -flow O -in O -aortocoronary O -saphenous O -vein O -grafts O -was O -studied O -in O -response O -to O -intragraft O -injection O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -and O -papaverine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -30 O -mg O -of O -papaverine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -caused O -mean O -graft O -flow O -to O -rise O -from O -35 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -9 O -to O -70 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -. O -9 O -ml O -per O -minute O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -show O -that O -the O -rotating O -membrane O -oxygenator O -is O -efficient O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -transfer O -with O -minimal O -trauma O -to O -blood O -, O -while O -platelet O -destruction O -and O -hemolysis O -were O -marked O -with O -the O -bubble O -oxygenator O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -antagonistic O -action O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -) O -in O -a O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -- O -containing O -or O -Sr O -+ O -+ O -- O -containing O -medium O -was O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -of O -these O -beta O -agonists O -is O -mediated O -through O -the O -beta O -- O -receptors O -since O -propranolol B-Chemical -effectively O -blocked O -their O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -infusion O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -caused O -a O -decrease O -of O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -levels O -, O -which O -was O -preceded O -, O -in O -some O -of O -the O -animals O -infused O -with O -higher O -doses O -, O -by O -a O -rise O -in O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -potassium B-Chemical -was O -not O -affected O -by O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -infusions O -. O - -aps B-category -Combination O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -induced O -a O -super O -- O -additive O -hyperkalemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoprenaline O -seems O -to O -increase O -the O -hypoxemia O -caused O -by O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -by O -opening O -the O -intrahepatic O -vascular O -shunts O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -, O -given O -alone O -or O -in O -combination O -with O -amphetamine B-Chemical -, O -were O -tested O -in O -mice O -subjected O -to O -five O -100 O -- O -trial O -avoidance O -sessions O -in O -the O -shuttle O -- O -box O -. O - -aps B-category -Favourable O -effects O -were O -obtained O -by O -combining O -each O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -compound O -with O -amphetamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Age O -related O -effects O -of O -furosemide B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -increases O -the O -renal O -excretion O -of O -water O -, O -osmotic O -active O -substances O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -chloride B-Chemical -in O -5 O -to O -33 O -day O -old O -rats O -more O -than O -in O -adults O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -the O -renal O -excretion O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -carbonate O -by O -furosemide B-Chemical -is O -also O -small O -in O -young O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -a O -number O -of O -compounds O -able O -to O -react O -with O -thiols B-Chemical -was O -tested O -on O -guinea O -- O -pig O -hearts O -perfused O -at O -constant O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -except O -oxidized O -glutathione B-Chemical -and O -nitroglycerol O -increased O -the O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Difluorodinitrobenzene O -, O -diamide O -, O -cystamine O -and O -NaNO2 O -significantly O -decreased O -the O -acid O -- O -soluble O -thiol B-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -in O -the O -isolated O -heart O -, O -most O -SH O -reagents O -, O -if O -used O -at O -the O -appropriate O -concentration O -, O -will O -increase O -the O -heart O -rate O -, O -probably O -by O -relaasing O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -temperature O -increase O -, O -elevation O -of O -extracellular O -h O -+ O -- O -concentration O -, O -and O -of O -triiodothyronine O -on O -the O -actions O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -, O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -beta O -- O -sympathomimetic O -drugs O -on O -rabbit O -aortic O -strips O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -observed O -that O -( O -1 O -) O -a O -temperature O -increase O -from O -25 O -degrees O -to O -42 O -degrees O -C O -significantly O -indreased O -the O -maximal O -tension O -evoked O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -that O -induced O -by O -the O -alpha O -- O -sympathomimetic O -drug O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -was O -not O -altered O -significantly O -; O -the O -maximal O -relaxation O -caused O -by O -beta O -- O -sympathomimetic O -drugs O -either O -at O -25 O -degrees O -or O -at O -42 O -degrees O -C O -did O -not O -differ O -from O -one O -another O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -the O -affinities O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -sympathomimetic O -drugs O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -fenoterol O -, O -terbutaline B-Chemical -, O -and O -salbutamol B-Chemical -each O -were O -comparable O -at O -either O -25 O -degrees O -or O -42 O -degrees O -C O -; O -the O -rank O -order O -of O -efficacy O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -sympathomimetic O -drugs O -is O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -greater O -than O -fenoterol O -greater O -than O -salbutamol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -terbutaline B-Chemical -; O -( O -3 O -) O -a O -decrease O -of O -the O -pH O -from O -7 O -. O -37 O -to O -7 O -. O -15 O -diminished O -the O -affinities O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -of O -the O -beta O -sympathomimetic O -drugs O -whereas O -that O -of O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -drug O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -was O -not O -altered O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -pH O -on O -the O -contractor O -effect O -of O -convulsant O -barbiturate B-Chemical -on O -frog O -lung O -. O - -aps B-category -CHEB O -was O -a O -potent O -contractor O -, O -thiopental B-Chemical -a O -feeble O -contractor O -, O -and O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -lacked O -contractor O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potencies O -of O -formally O -charged O -agonists O -such O -as O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -K O -+ O -were O -not O -altered O -by O -the O -pH O -differences O -employed O -in O -these O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -spasmolytic O -activity O -of O -six O -commonly O -used O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -was O -investigated O -on O -isolated O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileum O -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrical O -events O -associated O -with O -the O -action O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -at O -the O -adrenergic O -nerve O -terminal O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -dissociation O -between O -the O -amount O -of O -transmitter O -that O -overflows O -from O -the O -heart O -and O -the O -total O -antidromic O -activity O -with O -increasing O -dose O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Injection O -of O -greater O -doses O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -causes O -still O -greater O -transmitter O -release O -but O -not O -the O -generation O -of O -antidromic O -impulses O -, O -due O -presumably O -to O -persistent O -depolarization O -below O -a O -critical O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -antidromic O -response O -to O -KCl O -was O -blocked O -during O -the O -nicotine B-Chemical -infusion O -, O -it O -recovered O -more O -rapidly O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -site O -of O -action O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -, O -the O -basis O -of O -its O -prolonged O -action O -, O -and O -the O -interrelationship O -of O -this O -depolarization O -with O -transmitter O -release O -and O -intracellular O -uptake O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -support O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -insulin O -releases O -catecholamines B-Chemical -from O -the O -myocardium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -ionic O -alterations O -on O -the O -accumulation O -, O -distribution O -and O -movements O -of O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nicotine I-Chemical -in O -slices O -from O -rat O -brain O -striatum O -, O -hypothalamus O -, O -cortex O -and O -cerebellum O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -all O -three O -Na O -+ O -- O -free O -solutions O -elicited O -a O -sustained O -decrease O -in O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nicotine I-Chemical -efflux O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -of O -the O -observed O -effects O -could O -be O -attributed O -to O -a O -linear O -relationship O -between O -the O -logarithm O -of O -the O -intracellular O -K O -+ O -concentration O -and O -the O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nicotine I-Chemical -tissue O -space O -. O - -aps B-category -Beta O -- O -Adrenergic O -stimulation O -with O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -in O -animals O -causes O -an O -antidiuresis O -similar O -to O -antidiuretic O -hormone O -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -young O -male O -volunteers O -were O -studied O -during O -water O -diuresis O -in O -three O -phases O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -water O -- O -loading O -, O -( O -2 O -) O -water O -- O -loading O -plus O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -and O -( O -3 O -) O -water O -- O -loading O -plus O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -plus O -propranolol B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -Nine O -sickle O -cell O -trait O -and O -nine O -control O -subjects O -underwent O -six O -- O -hour O -ammonium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -acid O -loading O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -ammonium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -loading O -, O -urine O -pH O -decreased O -to O -5 O -. O -3 O -or O -less O -in O -all O -, O -and O -maximal O -excretion O -of O -ammonium B-Chemical -and O -titratable O -and O -net O -acid O -was O -comparable O -as O -was O -urine O -minus O -blood O -Pco2 O -after O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -loading O -. O - -aps B-category -Therapeutic O -implications O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -accumulation O -in O -severly O -diseased O -kidneys O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -indicate O -that O -, O -in O -the O -management O -of O -pyelonephritis O -complicating O -preexisting O -renal O -disease O -, O -if O -the O -minimal O -inhibitory O -gentamicin B-Chemical -concentration O -for O -an O -infecting O -organism O -is O -greater O -than O -the O -usual O -therapeutic O -an O -nontoxic O -serum O -levels O -of O -the O -compound O -, O -then O -it O -may O -be O -appropriate O -to O -use O -alternate O -antibiotics O -that O -demonstrate O -lesser O -reduction O -in O -tissue O -drug O -accumulation O -in O -diseased O -kidneys O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -physicochemical O -factors O -on O -the O -thermal O -inactivation O -of O -murine O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stabilizing O -effect O -of O -pH O -during O -heating O -on O -interferon B-Chemical -in O -solution O -was O -greatest O -at O -low O -pH O -, O -such O -that O -pH O -2 O -greater O -than O -pH O -5 O -greater O -than O -pH O -7 O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -pH O -9 O -; O -freeze O -- O -dried O -preparations O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -were O -also O -more O -heat O -- O -stable O -at O -acid O -pH O -than O -at O -neutral O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -change O -in O -the O -H O -+ O -ion O -concentration O -was O -a O -critical O -event O -during O -the O -cooling O -of O -heated O -interferon B-Chemical -: O -a O -shift O -in O -the O -direction O -of O -acidity O -contributed O -to O -stability O -whereas O -a O -shift O -towards O -alkalinity O -led O -to O -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -Interferon B-Chemical -heated O -to O -80degree O -C O -could O -not O -be O -reactivated O -at O -40degree O -C O -or O -55degree O -C O -. O -Interferon B-Chemical -of O -higher O -apparent O -molecular O -weight O -was O -more O -heat O -- O -stable O -than O -that O -with O -lower O -apparent O -molecular O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -model O -is O -proposed O -that O -relates O -thermal O -inactivation O -to O -different O -possible O -molecular O -states O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -infrared O -and O -x O -- O -ray O -diffractometric O -study O -of O -the O -incorporation O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -into O -hydorxyapatite O -under O -conditions O -of O -the O -cyclic O -variation O -of O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -compared O -ionic O -fluxes O -across O -human O -gastric O -mucosa O -after O -instillation O -of O -test O -solutions O -of O -isotonic O -hydrochloric O -acid O -alone O -or O -containing O -salicylic O -acid O -, O -or O -prednisolone B-Chemical -or O -both O -. O - -aps B-category -Combined O -salicyclic O -acid O -plus O -prednisolone B-Chemical -produced O -no O -increase O -in O -permeability O -of O -gastric O -mucosa O -to O -H O -+ O -and O -Na O -+ O -ions O -or O -to O -salicylic O -acid O -itself O -. O - -aps B-category -Combination O -of O -salicylic O -acid O -and O -prednisolone B-Chemical -did O -not O -increase O -absorption O -of O -either O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Salicylic O -acid O -resulted O -in O -a O -significant O -fall O -in O -potential O -difference O -compared O -to O -control O -while O -prednisolone B-Chemical -produced O -no O -change O -in O -the O -one O -subject O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Anesthetized O -dogs O -, O -which O -had O -been O -prepared O -with O -lumboadrenal O -vein O -cannulae O -, O -were O -intravenously O -infused O -with O -monoamine O -axidase O -( O -alphaETA O -) O -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -pCPA O -) O -or O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -alphaMT O -) O -inhibitors O -30 O -min O -prior O -to O -exposure O -to O -10 O -% O -oxygen B-Chemical -at O -ground O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -normoxic O -animals O -, O -alphaETA O -decreased O -basal O -cortisol B-Chemical -secretion O -and O -increased O -systolic O -pressure O -, O -whereas O -pCPA O -and O -alphaMT O -were O -essentially O -without O -afffect O -on O -these O -parameters O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha O -ETA O -appeared O -to O -inhibit O -the O -adrenocortical O -response O -to O -hypoxia O -as O -a O -result O -of O -its O -potent O -pressore O -activity O -, O -while O -pCPA O -and O -alphaMT O -inhibited O -cortisol B-Chemical -secretion O -by O -interfering O -with O -the O -synthesis O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -respictively O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcitonin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -rat O -renal O -tubular O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -was O -found O -to O -act O -both O -on O -affinity O -for O -salmon B-Chemical -calcitonin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -receptor O -and O -maximum O -stimulation O -, O -suggesting O -an O -effect O -of O -pH O -on O -hormone O -- O -receptor O -binding O -and O -on O -a O -subsequent O -step O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Ca2 O -+ O -inhibition O -of O -the O -response O -reflected O -a O -fall O -in O -maximum O -stimulation O -and O -not O -a O -loss O -of O -affinity O -of O -salmon B-Chemical -calcitonin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -receptor O -for O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -GTP O -, O -ITP O -and O -XTP O -at O -200 O -muM O -did O -not O -modify O -basal O -, O -salmon B-Chemical -calcitonin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -parathyroid O -hormone O -- O -sensitive O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Salmon O -calcitonin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -receptor O -had O -a O -greater O -affinity O -for O -adenylate O -cyclase O -than O -human O -or O -porcine O -calcitonin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -calcitonin B-Chemical -fragments O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Stabilization O -of O -rat O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -by O -tetracycline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -was O -increased O -fourfold O -by O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -twofold O -by O -tetracycline B-Chemical -, O -2 O -. O -5 O -- O -fold O -by O -cortisone O -21 O -- O -acetate O -and O -ninefold O -by O -a O -combination O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -cortisol B-Chemical -administered O -intraperitoneally O -to O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -rat O -liver O -homogenates O -with O -purified O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -vitro O -leads O -to O -a O -rapid O -inactivation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -, O -which O -tetracycline B-Chemical -partially O -inhibits O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -again O -tetracycline B-Chemical -partially O -inhibits O -the O -decay O -rate O -, O -leading O -to O -the O -inference O -that O -the O -increase O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -in O -vivo O -by O -tetracycline B-Chemical -is O -brought O -about O -by O -the O -latter O -inhibiting O -the O -lysosomal O -catheptic O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Interactions O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Alanine O -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -were O -the O -predominant O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -released O -into O -the O -circulation O -in O -this O -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -L O -- O -Cycloserine O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -decreased O -alanine B-Chemical -accumulation O -by O -80 O -% O -after O -functional O -hepatectomy O -, O -whereas O -methionine B-Chemical -sulphoximine O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -, O -decreased O -glutamine B-Chemical -accumulation O -by O -the O -same O -amount O -. O - -aps B-category -Amino O -acids O -attached O -to O -transfer O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -deacylation O -12 O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -determined O -by O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -, O -by O -using O -the O -flame O -- O -ionization O -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -thermionic O -detectors O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -for O -the O -enzymic O -charging O -assay O -for O -tRNA O -in O -vitro O -did O -not O -correlate O -satisfactorily O -with O -the O -analysis O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -attached O -to O -tRNA O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -" O -inhibitor O -- O -stop O -" O -technique O -has O -been O -developed O -for O -measuring O -initial O -rates O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -transport O -into O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chondroitinase O -B O -is O -distinguished O -from O -chondroitinase O -AC O -by O -several O -properties O -, O -such O -as O -the O -effect O -of O -certain O -metal O -ions O -, O -temperature O -for O -optimal O -activity O -, O -and O -susceptibility O -to O -increasing O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -cleavage O -of O -fructose O -diphosphate O -, O -catalysed O -by O -native O -aldolase O -, O -the O -steady O -- O -state O -concentration O -of O -the O -enzyme O -- O -dihydroxyacetone O -phosphate B-Chemical -carbanion O -intermediate O -represents O -less O -than O -6 O -% O -of O -the O -total O -enzyme O -- O -substrate O -intermediates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -equilibrium O -concentration O -of O -the O -carbanion O -intermediate O -formed O -by O -reaction O -of O -carboxypeptidase O -- O -treated O -aldolase O -with O -dihydroxyacetone O -phosphate B-Chemical -is O -independent O -of O -pH O -between O -5 O -. O -0 O -and O -9 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -a O -molar O -basis O -, O -the O -inhibitory O -activity O -for O -the O -several O -glycosaminoglycans O -studied O -was O -: O -heparin B-Chemical -greater O -than O -chondroitin O -sulphate O -greater O -than O -hyaluronic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -determination O -of O -plasma O -ammonia B-Chemical -using O -an O -ion O -specific O -electrode O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluroxene O -( O -2 O -, O -2 O -, O -2 O -- O -trifluoroethyl O -vinyl O -ether B-Chemical -) O -mediated O -destruction O -of O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -stereochemical O -structures O -of O -tetrahydropterins O -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Rabbit O -erythrocyte O -membrane O -interaction O -with O -promazine O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucaric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -excretion O -and O -serum O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -activity O -in O -alcoholism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -liver O -showed O -a O -decrease O -in O -total O -proteins O -and O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -though O -levels O -of O -NADP O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -remained O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Esterase O -activity O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -neutral O -proteases O -. O - -aps B-category -Ester O -hydrolysis O -by O -zinc B-Chemical -neutral O -proteases O -follows O -the O -characteristic O -preference O -for O -hydrophobic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -adjacent O -to O -the O -site O -of O -cleavage O -, O -discerned O -from O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -peptide O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -reduced O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -to O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -K12 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dissociation O -constant O -for O -the O -NADH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -synthase O -complex O -is O -about O -0 O -. O -28 O -muM O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -2 O -, O -but O -increases O -toward O -alkaline O -pH O -as O -if O -binding O -depends O -on O -protonation O -of O -a O -group O -with O -a O -pKa O -of O -about O -7 O -. O -05 O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -interpret O -our O -results O -in O -terms O -of O -two O -types O -of O -binding O -site O -for O -nucleotides O -on O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -: O -an O -active O -site O -which O -binds O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -, O -the O -substrate O -, O -or O -its O -analogue O -3 O -' O -- O -AMP O -; O -and O -an O -allosteric O -site O -which O -binds O -NADH O -or O -its O -analogue O -5 O -' O -- O -AMP O -and O -has O -a O -lesser O -affinity O -for O -other O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucloetides O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -NADH O -is O -bound O -to O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -, O -it O -quenches O -the O -intrinsic O -tryptophan B-Chemical -fluorescence O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absolute O -configuration O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -delta O -- O -( O -alpha O -- O -aminoadipyl O -) O -cysteinylvaline O -from O -Penicillium O -chrysogenum O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -acid O -hydrolysis O -, O -the O -configuration O -of O -the O -component O -acids O -was O -determined O -by O -L O -- O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidases O -, O -which O -showed O -the O -tripeptide O -( O -ACV O -) O -from O -P O -. O -chrysogenum O -to O -be O -delta O -- O -( O -L O -- O -aminoadipyl O -) O -- O -L O -- O -cysteinyl O -- O -D O -- O -valine O -. O - -aps B-category -Chicken O -erythrocyte O -chromatin O -did O -not O -possess O -any O -detectable O -proteolytic O -activity O -in O -salt B-Chemical -and O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protease O -can O -be O -inhibited O -by O -the O -serine O -specific O -reagents O -phenylmethanesulfonyl O -fluoride B-Chemical -and O -diisopropyl O -fluorophosphate O -and O -the O -alkylating O -reagent O -, O -carbobenzoxyphenylalanine O -chloromethyl O -ketone B-Chemical -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -organic O -solvents O -at O -1 O -mM O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -different O -polypeptides O -( O -alpha O -, O -beta O -, O -gamma O -, O -delta O -, O -epsilon O -) O -are O -observed O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Titration O -data O -demonstrate O -that O -the O -histidine O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -are O -free O -of O -any O -mutual O -interactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -the O -extent O -of O -alkaline O -quenching O -and O -the O -distance O -of O -10 O -- O -11 O -A O -calculated O -from O -Förster O -energy O -transfer O -theory O -are O -in O -accord O -with O -a O -randomly O -coiled O -structure O -with O -only O -one O -residue O -between O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sulfonamide O -inhibitor O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -completely O -inhibits O -this O -activity O -of O -the O -Cd O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxidation O -- O -reduction O -properties O -of O -the O -high O -potential O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfur I-Chemical -protein O -( O -HIPIP O -) O -from O -Chromatium O -vinosum O -have O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -5 O -) O -The O -thermodynamic O -activation O -parameters O -indicate O -that O -both O -oxidation O -and O -reduction O -by O -the O -iron B-Chemical -hexacyanides O -are O -driven O -entropically O -with O -the O -enthalpic O -terms O -making O -no O -contribution O -to O -HIPIP O -oxidation O -and O -a O -small O -contribution O -to O -HIPIP O -reduction O -. O - -aps B-category -Molecular O -weight O -studies O -by O -sedimentation O -equilibrium O -ultracentrifugation O -in O -aqueous O -buffer O -and O -in O -6 O -M O -guanidine O -as O -well O -as O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -suggest O -that O -alpha O -- O -1 O -- O -AT O -is O -a O -single O -polypeptide O -chain O -having O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -49 O -, O -500 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -minimum O -molecular O -weight O -of O -41 O -590 O -was O -calculated O -from O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -, O -adopting O -an O -arginine O -content O -of O -one O -residue O -per O -mole O -of O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -p O -- O -bromophenacyl O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -but O -was O -completely O -inactivated O -by O -alpha O -- O -diazo O -- O -p O -- O -bromoacetophenone O -, O -diazoacetyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DL I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norleucine I-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -, O -and O -diazoacetylglycine O -ethyl O -ester O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -Cu2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -major O -protein O -band O -and O -one O -very O -faint O -protein O -band O -which O -hardly O -moved O -into O -the O -gel O -were O -observed O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -gel O -electrophoresis O -of O -the O -glycogen O -synthase O -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weights O -of O -the O -native O -enzymes O -were O -determined O -by O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -ultracentrifugation O -. O - -aps B-category -Bovine O -procarboxypeptidase O -A O -exhibits O -intrinsic O -hydrolytic O -activity O -toward O -haloacyl O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -Behnke O -and O -Vallee O -, O -1972 O -) O -, O -as O -well O -as O -toward O -conventional O -peptide O -and O -ester O -substrates O -for O -carboxypeptidase O -A O -( O -Bezzone O -, O -1974 O -; O -Uren O -and O -Neurath O -, O -1974 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -1000 O -- O -fold O -change O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -concentration O -produces O -a O -very O -large O -change O -in O -surface O -potential O -without O -influencing O -the O -transition O -temperature O -of O -the O -ionized O -form O -of O -the O -lipid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -value O -of O -Z O -was O -independent O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -this O -determination O -, O -showing O -that O -the O -particles O -are O -osmotically O -inactive O -toward O -sucrose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -magnitude O -of O -the O -volume O -change O -observed O -during O -energy O -- O -linked O -water O -and O -salt B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -the O -initial O -degree O -of O -hydration O -suggests O -that O -ESMP O -are O -analogous O -to O -polyelectrolyte O -gels O -with O -regard O -to O -sorption O -of O -strong O -electrolytes O -and O -that O -the O -Donnan O -formulation O -for O -ion O -exchange O -equilibria O -may O -be O -usefully O -applied O -to O -these O -processes O -in O -ESMP O -. O - -aps B-category -on O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Mössbauer O -parameters O -of O -the O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Native O -, O -camphor O -- O -free O -P450cam O -contains O -low O -- O -spin O -ferric O -iron B-Chemical -, O -part O -of O -which O -( O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -complex O -of O -reduced O -P450cam O -with O -molecular O -oxygen B-Chemical -is O -diamagnetic O -and O -has O -a O -combination O -of O -quadrupole O -splitting O -and O -isomer O -shift O -that O -is O -unusual O -for O -a O -ferrous O -complex O -, O -but O -strongly O -resembles O -that O -of O -oxyhemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -reaction O -with O -2 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -5 O -- O -nitrobenzyl O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -tetranitromethane O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Removal O -of O -membrane O -lipids O -and O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -from O -the O -particulate O -wash O -solution O -with O -a O -chloroform B-Chemical -extraction O -resulted O -in O -non O -- O -specific O -enzyme O -- O -protein O -aggregation O -which O -was O -reversible O -upon O -addition O -of O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inactivation O -of O -the O -neurohypophyseal O -hormones O -arginine B-Chemical -vasopressin I-Chemical -and O -oxytocin B-Chemical -, O -both O -14C O -- O -labelled O -in O -the O -C O -- O -terminal O -glycine B-Chemical -residue O -, O -by O -enzymes O -present O -in O -kidney O -homogenates O -of O -various O -species O -has O -been O -investigated O -, O -and O -some O -of O -the O -enzymes O -responsible O -have O -been O -partially O -purified O -and O -characterized O -. O - -aps B-category -Degradation O -of O -arginine B-Chemical -vasopressin I-Chemical -is O -slower O -than O -oxytocin B-Chemical -in O -all O -species O -studied O -, O -and O -appears O -to O -occur O -by O -a O -different O -overall O -mechanism O -since O -cleavage O -of O -the O -Pro O -- O -Arg O -bond O -is O -more O -significant O -than O -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -Arg O -- O -Gly O -bond O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prolyl O -peptidase O -activity O -released O -the O -C O -- O -terminal O -dipeptides O -from O -oxytocin B-Chemical -and O -arginine B-Chemical -vasopressin I-Chemical -at O -similar O -rates O -and O -was O -inhibited O -by O -p O -- O -chloromercuriphenylsulfonic O -acid O -, O -1 O -, O -10 O -- O -phenanthroline O -, O -L O -- O -1 O -- O -tosylamido O -- O -2 O -- O -phenylethylchloromethyl O -ketone B-Chemical -, O -Co2 O -+ O -, O -Ca2 O -+ O -, O -and O -Zn2 O -+ O -, O -but O -significantly O -enhanced O -by O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -phosphyorylase O -activity O -as O -distinct O -from O -inosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -guanosine I-Chemical -phosphorylase O -activity O -in O -Sarcoma O -180 O -cells O -and O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potential O -role O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -phosphorylase O -activity O -in O -vivo O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -inhibitor O -, O -which O -showed O -the O -greatest O -specificity O -for O -human O -salivary O -amylase O -relative O -to O -human O -pancreatic O -amylase O -, O -has O -been O -purified O -by O -the O -following O -steps O -: O -( O -a O -) O -alcohol B-Chemical -fractionation O -( O -60 O -- O -- O -90 O -% O -) O -of O -water O -extract O -( O -b O -) O -ion O -- O -exchange O -chromatography O -on O -QAE O -- O -Sephadex O -A O -- O -50 O -; O -( O -c O -) O -re O -- O -chromatography O -on O -DE52 O -- O -cellulose O -and O -( O -d O -) O -gel O -filtration O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -50 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -activity O -of O -the O -apparently O -homogeneous O -beta O -- O -glucosidase O -is O -115 O -000 O -nmol O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -released O -from O -4 O -- O -methylumbelliferyl O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -glucopyranoside O -per O -mg O -protein O -per O -h O -. O -All O -five O -glycosidase O -activities O -possess O -similar O -pH O -dependency O -( O -pH O -optimum O -, O -6 O -- O -- O -7 O -) O -and O -heat O -lability O -, O -and O -co O -- O -migrate O -on O -polyacrylamide O -disc O -gels O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -9 O -( O -RF O -, O -0 O -. O -67 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -enzyme O -will O -release O -glucose B-Chemical -from O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -and O -4 O -- O -methylumbelliferyl O -derivatives O -of O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -, O -it O -will O -not O -hydrolyze O -xylosyl O -- O -O O -- O -serine O -, O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -glucocerebroside O -, O -lactose O -, O -galactosylovalbumin O -or O -trehalose O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphorylation O -of O -NaI O -- O -treated O -bovine O -brain O -cortex O -microsomes O -by O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -Mg2 O -+ O -and O -ouabain B-Chemical -has O -been O -studied O -at O -0 O -degrees O -C O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -) O -and O -20 O -degrees O -C O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Preincubation O -of O -the O -native O -microsomes O -with O -Mg2 O -+ O -and O -K O -+ O -, O -in O -order O -to O -decompose O -possibly O -present O -high O -- O -energy O -phosphoryl O -- O -bonds O -prior O -to O -ouabain B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -does O -not O -affect O -the O -maximal O -phosphate B-Chemical -incorporation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximal O -phosphorylation O -level O -is O -149 O -pmol O -32P O -- O -mg O -- O -1 O -protein O -, O -equal O -to O -that O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -microsomes O -phosphorylated O -by O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -equilibrium O -constants O -for O -the O -phosphorylation O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -microsomes O -by O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -at O -0 O -degrees O -C O -and O -20 O -degrees O -C O -standard O -free O -- O -energy O -changes O -of O -- O -- O -5 O -. O -4 O -and O -- O -- O -6 O -. O -8 O -kcal O -/ O -mol O -, O -respectively O -, O -are O -calculated O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -gel O -electrophoresis O -of O -the O -microsomes O -at O -pH O -3 O -, O -following O -incorporation O -of O -32Pi O -yields O -11 O -protein O -bands O -, O -only O -one O -of O -which O -( O -mol O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -some O -properties O -of O -rat O -liver O -cysteine B-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -cysteine B-Chemical -dioxygenase O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -enzyme O -( O -protein O -- O -B O -) O -was O -obtained O -as O -an O -inactive O -form O -, O -which O -was O -activated O -by O -anaerobic O -preincubation O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Ka O -and O -Km O -values O -for O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -were O -0 O -. O -8 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -and O -1 O -. O -3 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylalanine B-Chemical -and O -leucine B-Chemical -binding O -are O -mutually O -exclusive O -as O -evidenced O -by O -competitive O -behavior O -in O -thermal O -inactivation O -experiments O -, O -suggesting O -a O -hydrophobic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -binding O -site O -with O -broad O -specificity O -. O - -aps B-category -First O -- O -order O -rate O -constants O -for O -thermal O -inactivation O -of O -the O -phenylalanine O -- O -and O -leucine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -conformations O -are O -, O -respectively O -, O -about O -one O -- O -half O -and O -one O -- O -tenth O -that O -of O -the O -native O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -critical O -micellar O -concentration O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -taurodeoxycholate O -is O -about O -0 O -. O -8 O -mM O -in O -both O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -and O -0 O -. O -035 O -M O -McCl2 O -but O -the O -aggregation O -number O -is O -greater O -in O -the O -latter O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -incorporates O -arginine O -and O -aspartic O -acid O -into O -Arg O -- O -poly O -( O -Asp O -) O -in O -a O -reaction O -which O -requires O -ATP O -, O -KCl O -, O -MgCl2 O -, O -and O -a O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -reagent O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -support O -the O -notion O -previosly O -suggested O -from O -in O -- O -vivo O -studies O -that O -Arg O -- O -poly O -( O -Asp O -) O -is O -synthesized O -via O -a O -non O -- O -ribosomal O -route O -and O -also O -demonstrate O -that O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylated I-Chemical -transfer O -- O -RNAs O -play O -no O -part O -in O -at O -least O -one O -step O -of O -the O -biosynthetic O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -centrifugal O -fraction O -could O -be O -further O -separated O -into O -Photosystems O -I O -and O -II O -enriched O -fractions O -since O -the O -Photosystem O -II O -particles O -preferred O -the O -dextran B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -rich I-Chemical -bottom O -phase O -while O -the O -Photosystem O -I O -particles O -preferred O -the O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -rich I-Chemical -top O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -passive O -penetration O -of O -K O -+ O -salt B-Chemical -of O -permeant O -anions O -occurs O -in O -respiratory O -- O -inhibited O -mitochondria O -after O -addition O -of O -valinomycin O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -observed O -at O -room O -temperature O -, O -the O -685 O -- O -nm O -band O -was O -lowered O -by O -the O -p O -- O -nitrothiophenol O -treatment O -in O -the O -light O -and O -, O -at O -liquid O -nitrogen B-Chemical -temperature O -, O -the O -relative O -height O -of O -the O -695 O -- O -nm O -band O -to O -the O -685 O -- O -nm O -band O -increased O -and O -the O -695 O -- O -nm O -band O -shifted O -to O -longer O -wavelengths O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simplified O -system O -, O -consisting O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -Fe3 O -+ O -- O -ADP O -, O -EDTA O -, O -liposomes O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -and O -Tris O -- O -HCl O -buffer O -( O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -) O -, O -has O -been O -employed O -in O -studies O -of O -the O -generation O -of O -singlet O -oxygen B-Chemical -in O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -microsomal O -lipid O -peroxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -generation O -of O -another O -excited O -species O -( O -a O -compound O -in O -the O -triplet O -state O -) O -could O -be O -demonstrated O -in O -this O -system O -by O -changes O -of O -light O -intensity O -and O -emission O -spectra O -which O -arise O -from O -photosensitizer O -( O -9 O -, O -10 O -- O -dibromoanthracene O -sulfonate O -, O -eosin B-Chemical -, O -Rose O -- O -Bengal O -) O -- O -mediated O -energy O -transfers O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -early O -stage O -of O -lipid O -peroxidation O -, O -the O -intensity O -of O -chemiluminescence O -was O -proportional O -to O -the O -square O -of O -the O -concentration O -of O -lipid O -peroxide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -0 O -. O -5 O -electron O -equivalent O -per O -heme O -a O -is O -transferred O -mainly O -to O -the O -low O -- O -spin O -heme O -component O -of O -cytochrome O -c O -oxidase O -and O -partly O -to O -the O -EPR O -- O -detectable O -copper B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -reoxidation O -of O -reduced O -enzyme O -by O -oxygen B-Chemical -all O -EPR O -and O -optical O -features O -are O -restored O -within O -6 O -ms O -. O -On O -reoxidation O -by O -O2 O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -excess O -of O -reduced O -cytochrome O -c O -, O -states O -can O -be O -observed O -where O -the O -low O -- O -spin O -heme O -and O -copper B-Chemical -signals O -are O -largely O -absent O -but O -the O -absorption O -at O -655 O -nm O -is O -maximal O -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -low O -- O -spin O -heme O -and O -copper B-Chemical -components O -are O -at O -the O -substrate O -side O -and O -the O -component O -( O -s O -) O -represented O -in O -the O -655 O -nm O -absorption O -at O -the O -O2 O -side O -of O -the O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -the O -low O -- O -spin O -( O -g O -= O -o O -; O -2 O -. O -2 O -; O -1 O -. O -5 O -) O -and O -slowly O -appearing O -high O -- O -spin O -( O -g O -= O -6 O -; O -2 O -) O -signals O -are O -attributed O -to O -ferric O -cytochrome O -a O -, O -whereas O -the O -655 O -nm O -absorption O -is O -thought O -to O -arise O -from O -ferric O -cytochrome O -a3 O -, O -when O -it O -is O -present O -in O -a O -state O -of O -interaction O -with O -EPR O -- O -undectectable O -copper B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rates O -and O -equilibria O -for O -the O -addition O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bisulfite O -to O -uracil O -, O -thymine O -, O -and O -their O -nucleosides B-Chemical -have O -been O -studied O -for O -the O -pH O -range O -3 O -- O -9 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -into O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -of O -cardiac O -muscle O -and O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -AMP O -- O -dependent O -protein O -kinase O -and O -phosphorylase O -b O -kinase O -stimulated O -the O -rate O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -transport O -although O -some O -variability O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -of O -ionic O -strength O -with O -the O -addition O -of O -LiCl B-Chemical -, O -KCl O -and O -CsCl O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -6 O -leads O -to O -be O -increase O -of O -delta O -H O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -may O -be O -referred O -to O -proteases O -of O -serine O -nature O -, O -because O -it O -is O -completely O -inactivated O -with O -diisopropylphosphofluoridate O -, O -but O -it O -retains O -the O -activity O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -chelating O -agents O -( O -EDTA O -, O -o O -- O -phenantroline O -, O -ditizone O -) O -and O -inhibitors O -of O -SH O -- O -groups O -( O -sodium B-Chemical -p O -- O -chloromercuriumbenzoate O -, O -iodoacetic O -acid O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Water O -and O -creatine B-Chemical -contents O -were O -studied O -in O -rat O -skeletal O -muscle O -mitochondria O -after O -their O -5 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -content O -of O -water O -and O -creatine B-Chemical -in O -mitochondria O -was O -found O -to O -be O -higher O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -4 O -, O -than O -at O -pH O -72 O -, O -the O -creatine B-Chemical -content O -correlated O -with O -the O -water O -content O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -penetrating O -form O -is O -creatine B-Chemical -amphiion O -; O -the O -effect O -of O -pH O -on O -the O -permeability O -is O -probably O -due O -to O -the O -activation O -of O -the O -creatine B-Chemical -transmitter O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -conclusion O -is O -based O -on O -the O -fact O -that O -under O -conditions O -, O -supplying O -the O -direct O -course O -of O -the O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -reaction O -( O -the O -incubation O -medium O -contains O -Ca2 O -+ O -and O -creatine B-Chemical -; O -pH O -7 O -. O -8 O -) O -, O -ADP O -produces O -the O -stimulation O -of O -mitochondrial O -respiration O -up O -to O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -exhausting O -in O -a O -polarographic O -unit O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -is O -found O -to O -be O -8 O -. O -0 O -- O -9 O -. O -0 O -, O -isoelectric O -point O -and O -molecular O -weight O -are O -4 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -05 O -and O -70 O -, O -000 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -, O -000 O -respectively O -, O -Km O -for O -L O -- O -asparagine O -being O -- O -4 O -. O -1 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -. O -The O -enzyme O -does O -not O -hydrolyse O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -fluorescens O -AG O -possesses O -and O -antileucosic O -activity O -, O -inhibiting O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -DNA O -of O -Berkit O -lymphoma O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -enzyme O -sulphhydride O -groups O -by O -p O -- O -chloromercuriumbenzoate O -blocks O -the O -enzyme O -alkylation O -and O -its O -inhibition O -by O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -equilibrium O -between O -the O -oligomeric O -forms O -is O -small O -in O -comparison O -with O -the O -enzyme O -reaction O -velosity O -, O -that O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -complex O -kinetic O -curves O -appearing O -as O -a O -result O -of O -summing O -up O -the O -kinetics O -inherent O -to O -the O -individual O -forms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetic O -properties O -of O -the O -constitutive O -double O -specific O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -- O -- O -GDH O -) O -and O -the O -inducible O -NADP O -- O -specific O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -NADP O -- O -- O -GDH O -) O -of O -Chlorella O -pyrenoidosa O -Pringsheim O -82T O -( O -thermophilic O -strain O -) O -in O -a O -deaminating O -reaction O -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tissue O -treated O -by O -orisine O -and O -terrisine O -is O -completely O -dissolved O -in O -0 O -. O -5 O -M O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -solubilized O -collagen O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -PAH O -clearance O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -, O -and O -PAH O -extraction O -ratio O -in O -acidotic O -near O -- O -term O -lambs O -treated O -with O -hypertonic O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -PAH O -clearance O -increased O -from O -0 O -. O -92 O -to O -1 O -. O -65 O -ml O -/ O -min O -/ O -kg O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -urine O -flow O -from O -0 O -. O -37 O -to O -0 O -. O -61 O -ml O -/ O -min O -/ O -kg O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -and O -Na O -excretion O -from O -8 O -. O -4 O -to O -23 O -. O -7 O -muEq O -/ O -min O -/ O -kg O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -during O -the O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Calculation O -of O -Na O -intake O -and O -output O -revealed O -a O -net O -retention O -of O -5 O -. O -1 O -mEq O -/ O -kg O -in O -the O -study O -lambs O -which O -was O -reflected O -in O -a O -rise O -of O -serum O -Na O -and O -osmolarity O -( O -Osm O -) O -during O -the O -post B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NaHCO3 I-Chemical -- O -infusion O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -EPAH O -did O -not O -change O -with O -metabolic O -acidosis O -but O -for O -unknown O -reasons O -, O -the O -infusion O -of O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -a O -temporary O -depression O -of O -EPAH O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -haemoglobin O -affinity O -( O -expressed O -as O -P50 O -) O -and O -the O -respiratory O -Bohr O -effect O -variations O -were O -studied O -with O -modified O -media O -and O -unchanged O -pH O -and O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -( O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -) O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -of O -the O -disordered O -chain O -- O -to O -- O -beta O -transformation O -of O -poly O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -) O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -contrast B-Chemical -strikingly O -with O -the O -mechanism O -elaborated O -for O -beta O -formation O -in O -( O -Lys O -) O -n O -[ O -R O -. O -Hartman O -et O -al O -. O -, O -J O -. O -Mol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -self O -- O -association O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- O -triphosphate O -( O -ATP O -) O -was O -studied O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -, O -additional O -counterions O -, O -concentration O -and O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -Prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -was O -present O -in O -smaller O -quantities O -in O -five O -of O -the O -six O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -Assessment O -in O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileum O -and O -mouse O -vas O -deferens O -of O -benzomorphans O -which O -have O -strong O -antinociceptive O -activity O -but O -do O -not O -substitute O -for O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -the O -dependent O -monkey O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -In O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileum O -their O -agonist O -potencies O -are O -1 O -. O -5 O -to O -400 O -times O -greater O -than O -that O -of O -normorphine O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -whereas O -in O -the O -mouse O -vas O -deferens O -their O -potencies O -relative O -to O -morphine B-Chemical -are O -0 O -. O -3 O -to O -100 O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -In O -order O -to O -antagonize O -the O -agonist O -actions O -of O -these O -benzomorphans O -, O -naloxone B-Chemical -is O -required O -in O -concentrations O -which O -are O -3 O -to O -7 O -times O -higher O -than O -those O -needed O -for O -the O -antagonism O -of O -normorphine O -or O -morphine B-Chemical -or O -of O -benzomorphans O -which O -suppress O -abstinence O -in O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -monkeys O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -actions O -of O -flupenthixol O -upon O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -aggregation O -and O -the O -uptake O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -by O -human O -blood O -platelets O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -both O -isomers O -were O -equipotent O -as O -inhibitors O -of O -uptake O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -perhexiline B-Chemical -maleate I-Chemical -and O -liver O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunohistochemical O -localization O -of O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -containing O -neostriatal O -neurons O -and O -their O -relationship O -with O -dopaminergic O -synapses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -developmental O -variations O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -and O -of O -acetylcholinesterase O -( O -AChE O -) O -were O -studied O -in O -embryonic O -and O -post O -- O -hatching O -chicken O -sympathetic O -ganglia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -" O -gastric O -chamber O -" O -technique O -, O -performed O -in O -the O -anaesthetised O -rat O -, O -enables O -the O -study O -of O -gastric O -mucosal O -fragility O -induced O -by O -doses O -of O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -, O -which O -do O -not O -themselves O -cause O -ulceration O -or O -exulceration O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Dopamine B-Chemical -of O -the O -caudate O -nucleus O -in O -Perodictious O -potto O -, O -Macaca O -mulatta O -and O -Macaca O -fascicularis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -do O -not O -support O -the O -hypothesis O -according O -to O -which O -the O -sluggishness O -of O -the O -potto O -is O -somehow O -related O -to O -a O -low O -dopamine B-Chemical -content O -of O -part O -of O -the O -extrapyramidal O -system O -as O -found O -in O -the O -Parkinson O -- O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Isocitrate O -dehydrogenases O -( O -both O -NAD O -and O -NADP O -- O -specific O -) O -have O -much O -lower O -activities O -than O -the O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -- O -and O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -; O -a O -partial O -block O -might O -be O -located O -at O -this O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -effect O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -on O -the O -excitability O -of O -identified O -autoactive O -giant O -neurons O -of O -Achatina O -fulica O -Férussac O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -these O -substances O -, O -we O -observed O -an O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -GABOB O -on O -the O -TAN O -excitability O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -was O -due O -to O -producing O -hyperpolarization O -on O -the O -TAN O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Rapid O -production O -of O -a O -biotin B-Chemical -deficiency O -in O -mice O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Besides O -classical O -morphological O -symptoms O -, O -a O -decrease O -of O -activities O -of O -some O -biotin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -enzymes O -was O -also O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -as O -a O -premedication O -. O - -aps B-category -Anxiety O -, O -as O -assessed O -by O -a O -self O -- O -rating O -test O -by O -the O -patient O -and O -by O -a O -trained O -observer O -, O -showed O -a O -significant O -reduction O -at O -one O -and O -one O -- O -half O -hours O -after O -lorazepam B-Chemical -and O -a O -smaller O -reduction O -after O -pantopon O -, O -which O -was O -not O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -who O -had O -lorazepam B-Chemical -required O -higher O -doses O -of O -thiopentone B-Chemical -for O -the O -operation O -, O -and O -this O -, O -in O -part O -, O -led O -to O -longer O -intervals O -in O -recovery O -times O -after O -lorazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pantopon O -was O -followed O -by O -more O -nausea O -, O -vomiting O -and O -headaches O -, O -than O -lorazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -this O -study O -show O -that O -lorazepam B-Chemical -produces O -better O -reduction O -of O -anxiety O -and O -much O -more O -amnesia O -than O -pantopon O -, O -with O -comparable O -sedation O -and O -much O -less O -nausea O -and O -vomiting O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -conclusion O -is O -that O -lorazepam B-Chemical -is O -a O -very O -satisfactory O -premedication O -and O -warrants O -more O -use O -as O -such O -. O - -aps B-category -Fazadinium B-Chemical -was O -three O -to O -four O -times O -more O -potent O -in O -rhesus O -monkeys O -than O -in O -cats O -and O -its O -course O -of O -action O -was O -considerably O -longer O -. O - -aps B-category -Monoamine O -storage O -sites O -in O -paraganglionic O -( O -PG O -- O -) O -cells O -of O -the O -rat O -superior O -cervical O -ganglion O -were O -investigated O -by O -electron O -and O -fluorescence O -microscopy O -following O -treatment O -with O -p O -- O -chlorophenylalanine O -( O -pCPA O -) O -, O -disulfiram B-Chemical -or O -guanethidine B-Chemical -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -agreement O -with O -these O -electron O -microscopic O -findings O -fluorescence O -microscopic O -and O -cytophotometric O -evaluations O -reveal O -a O -general O -decrease O -in O -catecholamine B-Chemical -content O -with O -few O -cells O -showing O -an O -increase O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -the O -two O -types O -of O -responses O -of O -PG O -- O -cells O -which O -occur O -after O -disulfiram B-Chemical -and O -guanethidine B-Chemical -demonstrate O -a O -functional O -heterogeneity O -of O -this O -cell O -system O -in O -the O -rat O -superior O -cervical O -ganglion O -which O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Appropriate O -ultracytochemical O -reactions O -have O -not O -shown O -detectable O -quantities O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -in O -pinealocyte O -synaptic O -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -Cross O -- O -circulation O -techniques O -with O -femoral O -- O -femoral O -or O -femoral O -- O -aortic O -anastomoses O -were O -used O -to O -produce O -a O -vascularly O -isolated O -, O -but O -normally O -innervated O -, O -hindlimb O -or O -lower O -half O -- O -body O -, O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -Dinitrophenol O -( O -DNP O -) O -was O -infused O -into O -the O -arterial O -side O -of O -the O -perfusion O -circuit O -to O -triple O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -and O -to O -increase O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -by O -the O -cross O -- O -perfused O -area O -. O - -aps B-category -Molar O -absorptivities O -of O -beta O -- O -NADH O -and O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NADPH I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -For O -these O -reasons O -, O -the O -epsilon O -- O -values O -of O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -are O -generally O -different O -from O -each O -other O -, O -and O -are O -temperature O -- O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -anesthesia O -on O -muscle O -, O -liver O -, O -thyroid O -, O -and O -adrenal O -- O -function O -tests O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -bilirubin B-Chemical -, O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -significantly O -increased O -after O -anesthesia O -, O -which O -may O -indicate O -subclinical O -liver O -- O -cell O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -Cortisol O -, O -triiodothyronine O -uptake O -, O -thyroxine B-Chemical -, O -and O -free O -thyroxine B-Chemical -index O -increased O -significantly O -immediately O -after O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -temperatures O -increased O -0 O -. O -7 O -degrees O -C O -6 O -h O -post O -- O -anesthesia O -, O -possibly O -because O -of O -increased O -thyroxine B-Chemical -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -neutral O -resin O -( O -Amberlite O -XAD O -- O -2 O -) O -, O -which O -is O -a O -non O -- O -ionic O -cross O -- O -linked O -polystyrene O -, O -is O -used O -to O -extract O -and O -concentrate O -the O -steroids B-Chemical -, O -which O -are O -then O -quantitatively O -determined O -with O -the O -Porter O -- O -Silber O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Recovery O -of O -unlabeled O -angiotensin B-Chemical -l O -added O -to O -plasma O -was O -92 O -- O -97 O -% O -; O -that O -of O -monoiodinated O -angiotensin B-Chemical -l O -exceeded O -90 O -% O -, O -indicating O -satisfactory O -protection O -from O -proteolytic O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -P O -- O -Hydroxybenzoic O -acid O -hydrazide O -procedure O -for O -serum O -glucose B-Chemical -adapted O -to O -the O -Technicon O -" O -SMA O -12 O -/ O -60 O -, O -" O -and O -compared O -with O -other O -glucose B-Chemical -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -data O -showed O -excellent O -agreement O -with O -the O -hexokinase O -( O -r O -equals O -0 O -. O -998 O -; O -y O -equals O -0 O -. O -950x O -+ O -5 O -. O -91 O -) O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -r O -equals O -0 O -. O -996 O -; O -y O -equals O -0 O -. O -986x O -+ O -5 O -. O -34 O -) O -enzymatic O -( O -" O -true O -" O -) O -glucose B-Chemical -methods O -, O -and O -with O -the O -o O -- O -toluidine O -procedure O -( O -r O -equals O -0 O -. O -998 O -; O -y O -equals O -0 O -. O -979x O -+ O -3 O -. O -14 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Direct O -radioimmunoassay O -of O -plasma O -cortisol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -accomplished O -by O -exploiting O -the O -much O -higher O -effectiveness O -of O -pH O -and O -temperature O -variations O -on O -steroid B-Chemical -binding O -to O -carrier O -proteins O -than O -to O -antibody O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -methodological O -and O -clinical O -validation O -of O -the O -measurement O -was O -carried O -out O -through O -a O -series O -of O -tests O -aimed O -at O -assessing O -the O -reliability O -of O -results O -( O -assay O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deprived I-Chemical -plasma O -, O -recovery O -test O -and O -serial O -dilution O -of O -samples O -, O -comparison O -between O -different O -antisera O -and O -with O -different O -methods O -including O -extraction O -, O -responsiveness O -to O -well O -- O -established O -physiological O -situations O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Methodological O -simplifications O -in O -radioimmunoassay O -of O -urinary O -aldosterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Aldosterone O -antisera O -, O -raised O -in O -the O -rabbit O -against O -an O -aldosterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bovine I-Chemical -albumin O -conjugate O -, O -were O -selected O -according O -to O -their O -specificity O -towards O -competing O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Experience O -with O -a O -simple O -method O -for O -estrogen B-Chemical -receptor O -assay O -in O -breast O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Estrogen B-Chemical -receptors O -were O -detected O -in O -74 O -% O -of O -primary O -tumors O -, O -71 O -% O -of O -skin O -metastases O -and O -63 O -% O -of O -lymph O -node O -metastases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stability O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -receptors O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -the O -transportation O -of O -samples O -from O -distant O -hospitals O -, O -providing O -that O -they O -were O -kept O -frozen O -in O -Tris O -buffer O -, O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -, O -at O -all O -times O -. O - -aps B-category -HRBC O -rosettes O -were O -relatively O -more O -resistant O -to O -inhibition O -with O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -proteolytic O -agents O -, O -such O -as O -trypsin O -, O -alpha O -- O -chymotrypsin O -and O -pronase O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -anti O -- O -thymocyte O -serum O -( O -ATS O -) O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -metabolic O -inhibitors O -, O -such O -as O -sodium B-Chemical -azide O -and O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dinitrophenol O -( O -DNP O -) O -; O -( O -4 O -) O -cytochalasin O -B O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -acetate O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -measured O -in O -nine O -patients O -with O -chronic O -renal O -failure O -undergoing O -hemodialysis O -with O -dialyzate O -containing O -acetate O -. O - -aps B-category -Ventilatory O -response O -to O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -was O -measured O -by O -the O -rebreathing O -technique O -in O -seven O -patients O -with O -mild O -tetanus O -during O -the O -disease O -state O -and O -after O -clinical O -recovery O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -postulated O -that O -the O -restrictive O -ventilatory O -defect O -was O -responsible O -for O -the O -decreased O -ventilatory O -response O -to O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -sublethal O -concentrations O -of O -organophosphorus B-Chemical -insecticides O -and O -an O -insect O -growth O -regulator O -on O -temperature O -tolerance O -in O -hydrated O -and O -dehydrated O -juvenile O -western O -toads O -, O -Bufo O -boreas O -. O - -aps B-category -Estimation O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -the O -haemolymph O -of O -the O -American O -cockroach O -, O -Periplaneta O -americana O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -requirements O -for O -larval O -development O -of O -the O -hymenopterous O -parasitoid O -Exeristes O -roborator O -fabricius O -( O -Hymenoptera O -: O -Ichneumonidae O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Mitochondrial O -membrane O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -of O -liver O -and O -heart O -of O -the O -euthermic O -and O -hibernating O -ground O -squirrel O -( O -Citellus O -tridecemlineatus O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -on O -salt B-Chemical -gland O -secretion O -in O -the O -glaucous O -- O -winged O -gull O -, O -Larus O -glaucescens O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparative O -study O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -trichlormethiazide O -in O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -patients O -with O -severe O -hypnotic O -intoxication O -, O -twice O -after O -suicidal O -intake O -of O -barbital O -, O -once O -of O -barbital O -, O -methaqualone O -and O -carbromal O -, O -and O -once O -of O -carbromal O -, O -were O -treated O -with O -six O -activated O -charcoal B-Chemical -haemoperfusions O -. O - -aps B-category -Failure O -to O -monoaminergic O -and O -cholinergic O -receptor O -blockers O -to O -prevent O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -luteinizing O -hormone O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -( O -5mug O -) O -was O -injected O -into O -the O -3rd O -ventricle O -( O -3rd O -V O -) O -of O -ovariectomized O -rats O -, O -and O -plasma O -LH O -concentrations O -before O -and O -after O -treatment O -were O -determined O -by O -radioimmunoassay O -. O - -aps B-category -Likewise O -, O -LH O -release O -following O -PGE2 B-Chemical -was O -not O -changed O -when O -a O -dopaminergic O -blocker O -, O -pimozide O -( O -0 O -. O -63 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -SC O -) O -, O -was O -injected O -2 O -h O -prior O -to O -PGE2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Atropine B-Chemical -( O -100 O -or O -250 O -mug O -) O -injected O -into O -the O -3rd O -V O -10 O -min O -prior O -to O -PGE2 B-Chemical -was O -also O -ineffective O -in O -blocking O -the O -increase O -in O -plasma O -LH O -following O -PGE2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -They O -also O -suggest O -that O -PGE2 B-Chemical -is O -not O -acting O -trans O -- O -synaptically O -but O -probably O -directly O -on O -the O -LHRH O -neuron O -to O -induce O -the O -discharge O -of O -LHRH O -into O -the O -hypophysial O -portal O -vessels O -which O -then O -evokes O -release O -of O -LH O -from O -the O -adenohypophysis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -an O -attempt O -to O -clarify O -the O -role O -of O -central O -neurotransmitters O -in O -GH O -and O -ACTH B-Chemical -regulation O -, O -chair O -- O -adapted O -unanesthetized O -adult O -male O -rhesus O -monkeys O -and O -chronic O -indwelling O -intratrial O -cannulae O -were O -given O -30 O -min O -infusions O -of O -various O -agonists O -known O -to O -affect O -central O -amines B-Chemical -, O -and O -plasma O -samples O -were O -withdrawn O -for O -GH O -and O -cortisol B-Chemical -determinations O -. O - -aps B-category -L O -- O -Dihydroxyphenylalanine O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Dopa I-Chemical -) O -( O -4 O -. O -5 O -and O -45 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -but O -not O -apomorphine B-Chemical -( O -7 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -a O -specific O -dopaminergic O -agonist O -, O -produced O -significant O -elevations O -of O -GH O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -cortisol B-Chemical -responses O -were O -only O -observed O -following O -infusion O -of O -5HTP O -( O -45 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -rhesus O -monkey O -serotoninergic O -mechanisms O -appear O -to O -be O -responsible O -for O -the O -regulation O -of O -resting O -cortisol B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -present O -study O -interactions O -of O -some O -adrenergic O -drugs O -with O -the O -binding O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norepinephrine I-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -and O -response O -of O -some O -enzymatic O -systems O -in O -the O -heart O -of O -rats O -with O -pharmacological O -hyperthyroidism O -have O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -after O -addition O -of O -nonradioactive O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -) O -the O -degree O -of O -displacement O -was O -lower O -in O -hyperthyroid O -than O -in O -euthyroid O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -the O -endogenous O -insulin O -antibody O -complex O -must O -be O -splitted O -at O -a O -pH O -lower O -than O -5 O -and O -the O -total O -IRI O -( O -TIRI O -) O -is O -separated O -by O -ethanol B-Chemical -extraction O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -newborn O -infants O -of O -healthy O -mothers O -a O -biphasic O -/ O -insulin O -release O -was O -found O -during O -the O -intravenous O -glucose B-Chemical -loads O -in O -newborn O -infants O -of O -insulin O -- O -treated O -diabetic O -mothers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -hypobaric O -hypoxia O -on O -the O -activities O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -, O -glutaminase O -and O -cyclic O -3 O -' O -5 O -' O -AMP O -phosphodiesterase O -in O -rat O -brain O -was O -studied O -after O -exposure O -to O -25 O -, O -000 O -' O -for O -6 O -h O -. O -Glutamine O -synthetase O -activity O -was O -increased O -in O -all O -the O -regions O -of O -brain O -studied O -, O -and O -addition O -of O -gamma O -amino B-Chemical -butyric O -acid O -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -cortisol B-Chemical -in O -vitro O -produced O -a O -differential O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Crystals O -suspended O -in O -3 O -. O -8 O -M O -Cs2SO4 O -show O -a O -rapid O -optical O -transition O -of O -half O -- O -time O -equal O -to O -or O -less O -than O -2 O -ms O -. O -As O -the O -ammonia B-Chemical -concentration O -is O -increased O -in O -the O -Cs2SO4 O -- O -suspended O -crystals O -, O -a O -second O -optical O -transition O -is O -observed O -as O -a O -pseudo O -- O -first O -- O -order O -reaction O -, O -with O -a O -rate O -constant O -of O -between O -10 O -and O -15 O -s O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -kinetics O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -with O -acid O -and O -alkaline O -ferrimyoglobin O -in O -a O -crystalline O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reverse O -reaction O -has O -a O -half O -- O -time O -of O -70 O -ms O -. O -At O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -the O -relative O -half O -- O -times O -of O -combination O -and O -dissociation O -with O -fluoride B-Chemical -are O -10 O -min O -for O -crystalline O -and O -1 O -. O -8 O -min O -for O -amorphous O -materials O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -exchange O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -by O -azide O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -is O -3 O -. O -1 O -- O -fold O -faster O -in O -amorphous O -material O -than O -in O -crystalline O -material O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -that O -the O -environment O -of O -the O -two O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -is O -of O -crucial O -importance O -in O -the O -three O -- O -dimensional O -structure O -of O -the O -subunit O -; O -in O -the O -course O -of O -aggregation O -intersubunit O -interactions O -compete O -with O -the O -specific O -intrasubunit O -Trp O -- O -17 O -- O -- O -Trp52 O -interactions O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -, O -very O -sensitive O -, O -rapid O -and O -reliable O -assay O -for O -guanylate O -cyclase O -has O -been O -established O -based O -on O -conversion O -of O -[ O -32P O -] O -GTP O -to O -[ O -32P O -] O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -and O -its O -separation O -on O -Dowex O -50 O -and O -aluminium B-Chemical -oxide O -columns O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -chloroplasts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -controlled O -by O -disc O -electrophoresis O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -electrophoresis O -and O -ultracentrifugation O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -weak O -reverse O -reaction O -could O -be O -observed O -with O -glucaric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -lactones O -at O -acidic O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -R O -- O -factor O -R388 O -mediates O -the O -production O -of O -a O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -dihydrofolate O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -R O -- O -factor O -enzyme O -was O -about O -20 O -000 O -times O -less O -susceptible O -to O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -than O -the O -E O -. O -coli O -enzyme O -and O -although O -it O -was O -inhibited O -competitively O -by O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -, O -its O -inhibitor O -constant O -( O -Ki O -) O -was O -20 O -000 O -times O -greater O -than O -that O -of O -the O -host O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -observations O -in O -both O -native O -protein O -and O -in O -chemically O -modified O -protein O -containing O -Nepsilon O -- O -dimethyllsysine O -show O -that O -three O -of O -the O -four O -lysines O -extend O -predominantly O -freely O -into O -the O -solvent O -, O -whereas O -lysine O -- O -41 O -is O -involved O -in O -an O -intramolecular O -interaction O -with O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -10 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chromatin O -- O -associated O -proteinase O -as O -well O -as O -the O -mitochondrial O -proteinase O -are O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -1 O -. O -0 O -mM O -phenylmethanesulfonyl O -fluoride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -amines B-Chemical -to O -energized O -submitochondrial O -particles O -results O -in O -two O -types O -of O -effects O -; O -uptake O -of O -amines B-Chemical -and O -uncoupling O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uncoupling O -effect O -is O -observed O -only O -with O -lipophilic O -and O -not O -with O -hydrophilic O -amines B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -degree O -of O -uncoupling O -increases O -with O -the O -lipophilicity O -of O -the O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -While O -the O -uptake O -of O -amines B-Chemical -is O -dependent O -on O -the O -presence O -of O -non O -- O -permeant O -anions O -, O -such O -as O -Cl O -- O -, O -the O -uncoupling O -effect O -is O -independent O -of O -Cl O -- O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -view O -is O -discussed O -that O -the O -uncoupling O -effect O -of O -lipophilic O -anions O -and O -lipophilic O -amines B-Chemical -in O -submitochondrial O -particles O -is O -due O -to O -a O -catalytic O -energy O -dissipation O -rather O -than O -to O -a O -stoichiometry O -energy O -utilization O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -capacity O -of O -benorylate O -, O -an O -ester O -of O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -paracetamol B-Chemical -, O -to O -reduce O -fever O -in O -children O -was O -compared O -with O -that O -of O -the O -components O -as O -such O -or O -as O -a O -combination O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -paracetamol B-Chemical -( O -12 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -alone O -produced O -a O -significantly O -greater O -antipyretic O -effect O -than O -benorylate O -with O -a O -dose O -of O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiovascular O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -effects O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antiarrhythmic O -action O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -was O -studied O -on O -guinea O -pig O -isolated O -atria O -, O -using O -arrhythmias O -induced O -by O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -ouabain B-Chemical -or O -coronary O -ligation O -in O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Timolol B-Chemical -reduced O -splanchnic O -discharges O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -on O -rectal O -temperature O -in O -rats O -of O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -; O -possible O -mediation O -through O -putative O -transmitters O -. O - -aps B-category -GABA B-Chemical -( O -20 O -mug O -) O -prevented O -the O -hyperthermic O -effect O -of O -exposure O -to O -35 O -degrees O -C O -and O -produced O -hypothermia O -in O -animals O -maintained O -at O -this O -temperature O -for O -1 O -hr O -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -20 O -mug O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -1 O -mug O -NA O -produced O -hypothermia O -instead O -of O -hyperthermia O -, O -suggesting O -the O -release O -of O -PGE O -in O -mediating O -hyperthermia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -in O -rat O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -Concurring O -with O -this O -development O -was O -the O -appearance O -2 O -weeks O -after O -birth O -of O -a O -regulatory O -mechanism O -( O -s O -) O -through O -which O -amphetamine B-Chemical -in O -vivo O -induced O -an O -inhibition O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -cardiac O -chronotropic O -responses O -to O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -bromazepam O -in O -conscious O -trained O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -of O -two O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -elicited O -a O -positive O -chronotropic O -effect O -which O -was O -rapid O -in O -onset O -and O -of O -long O -duration O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -a O -sympathetic O -- O -- O -parasympathetic O -interaction O -cannot O -be O -excluded O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -high O -doses O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -bromazepam O -influence O -the O -heart O -rate O -of O -conscious O -dogs O -in O -a O -biphasic O -way O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -report O -the O -results O -of O -a O -series O -of O -investigations O -on O -the O -toxic O -effects O -produced O -in O -mice O -and O -rabbits O -by O -inhalation O -of O -Dimethyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ether I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Optimal O -conditions O -for O -extracting O -coniine B-Chemical -with O -organic O -solvents O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -employing O -spectrofluorometry O -and O -quantitative O -fluorescent O -histochemistry O -the O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -content O -in O -the O -tissue O -and O -in O -the O -adrenergic O -nerves O -of O -Vas O -deferens O -of O -the O -rat O -after O -depletion O -of O -the O -transmitter O -' O -s O -reserves O -with O -tyramine O -and O -their O -subsequent O -replenishment O -through O -incubation O -of O -the O -tissue O -with O -exogenous O -NE O -was O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -transport O -in O -rat O -liver O -mitochondria O -metabolizing O -pyruvate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Conformational O -heterogeneity O -in O -linear O -peptides O -in O -solution O -: O -a O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -3 O -NMR O -study O -of O -( O -Pro3 O -, O -Pro5 O -) O -- B-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -microinjections O -of O -mock O -spinal O -fluid O -with O -various O -potassium B-Chemical -concentrations O -into O -the O -cat O -and O -monkey O -brain O -tissue O -were O -made O -in O -acute O -and O -chronic O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -interaction O -between O -MSF O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -pH O -seems O -to O -be O -weak O -if O -any O -, O -since O -the O -slope O -of O -the O -potassium B-Chemical -vascular O -activity O -diagram O -remains O -unchanged O -within O -6 O -. O -8 O -- O -- O -7 O -. O -8 O -pH O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -technique O -quantifies O -movements O -of O -volume O -across O -the O -pylorus O -using O -constant O -duodenal O -perfusion O -with O -a O -nonabsorbable O -marker O -, O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -( O -PEG O -) O -, O -which O -, O -in O -turn O -, O -quantifies O -emptying O -into O -the O -duodenum O -of O -another O -marker O -, O -[ O -14C O -] O -PEG O -, O -incorporated O -in O -the O -meal O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -examined O -the O -possibility O -that O -dopamine B-Chemical -may O -play O -a O -role O -in O -nerve O -- O -mediated O -" O -off O -" O -responses O -of O -esophageal O -body O -( O -EB O -) O -and O -relaxations O -of O -lower O -esophageal O -spincter O -( O -LES O -) O -smooth O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -and O -epinine O -caused O -a O -dose O -- O -related O -fall O -in O -basal O -LES O -muscle O -tension O -and O -in O -amplitude O -of O -EB O -muscle O -" O -off O -" O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -Tetrodotoxin O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -abolished O -the O -responses O -to O -electrical O -field O -stimulation O -but O -did O -not O -antagonize O -the O -effects O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -epinine O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -unlikely O -that O -dopamine B-Chemical -is O -involved O -in O -responses O -to O -electrical O -field O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -blood O -platelet O -monoamine O -oxidase O -activity O -in O -schizophrenic O -patients O -on O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -caused O -significant O -reduction O -of O -blood O -platelet O -MAO O -activity O -, O -while O -platelet O -serotonin B-Chemical -content O -and O -platelet O -count O -appeared O -to O -be O -not O -affected O -by O -the O -drug O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -experimental O -models O -respond O -similarily O -to O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -or O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -pretreatment O -of O -the O -animals O -and O -to O -various O -of O -the O -wellknown O -inhibitors O -of O -drug O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -free O -phenols B-Chemical -, O -tend O -to O -accumulate O -intracellularly O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -low O -concentrations O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -have O -no O -, O -or O -only O -a O -slight O -stimulatory O -effect O -on O -the O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -- O -linked O -step O -of O -drug O -metabolism O -and O -there O -are O -indications O -that O -the O -oxidation O -of O -low O -concentrations O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -is O -in O -fact O -stimulated O -by O -a O -facilitated O -reoxidation O -of O -cytosolic O -NADH O -occuring O -during O -drug O -monooxygenation O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidative O -deamination O -of O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -by O -intestinal O -amine B-Chemical -oxidases O -: O -histamine B-Chemical -is O -specifically O -inactivated O -by O -diamine O -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -34 O -amines B-Chemical -tested O -, O -putrescine O -, O -benzylamine O -, O -cadaverine O -, O -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -were O -the O -most O -favourable O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -derivatives O -methylated O -at O -the O -imidazole O -nucleus O -were O -also O -deaminated O -, O -whereas O -Nalpha O -- O -methylhistamine O -was O -only O -a O -poor O -substrate O -and O -Nalpha O -, O -Nalpha O -- O -dimethylhistamine O -was O -not O -a O -substrate O -at O -all O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diamine O -oxidase O -deaminated O -putrescine O -( O -Km O -= O -1 O -. O -3 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -( O -Km O -= O -6 O -. O -6 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -but O -not O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -and O -was O -inhibited O -by O -aminoguanidine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -by O -pargyline O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -in O -dog O -small O -intestine O -( O -as O -well O -as O -in O -rabbit O -small O -intestine O -) O -only O -diamine O -oxidase O -was O -capable O -of O -inactivating O -histamine B-Chemical -by O -oxidative O -deamination O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -) O -Glucose B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Bacillus O -megaterium O -has O -been O -purified O -to O -a O -specific O -activity O -of O -550 O -U O -per O -mg O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -) O -In O -the O -presence O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -and O -8M O -urea B-Chemical -, O -the O -enzyme O -dissociates O -into O -subunits O -with O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -30000 O -as O -determined O -by O -dodecylsulfate O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -limiting O -Michaelis O -constant O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -0 O -for O -NAD O -is O -4 O -. O -5 O -mM O -and O -47 O -. O -5 O -mM O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -insensitive O -to O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -inhibitors O -, O -heavy O -metal O -ions O -and O -chelating O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -V O -. O -Characterization O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17 I-Chemical -beta O -- O -dehydrogenase O -and O -its O -induction O -by O -steroids B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -dehydrogenizes O -testosterone B-Chemical -with O -Km O -= O -13muM O -and O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17beta I-Chemical -with O -Km O -= O -21muM O -to O -the O -corresponding O -17 O -- O -ketoderivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimum O -temperature O -is O -at O -45 O -degrees O -C O -. O -If O -Streptomyces O -hydrogenans O -is O -cultivated O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -steroids B-Chemical -, O -the O -specific O -activity O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -17beta O -- O -dehydrogenase O -in O -the O -cytosol O -of O -the O -microorganisms O -amounts O -to O -10 O -mU O -/ O -mg O -protein O -, O -and O -increases O -up O -to O -10 O -- O -fold O -if O -the O -cells O -are O -cultivated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -certain O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -for O -the O -first O -time O -, O -the O -ability O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17beta I-Chemical -to O -induce O -an O -enzyme O -synthesis O -in O -a O -microorganism O -is O -shown O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyproterone O -, O -however O -, O -does O -not O -decrease O -the O -testosterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -enzyme O -induction O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -17beta O -- O -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -result O -is O -in O -good O -agreement O -with O -the O -value O -found O -earlier O -[ O -1 O -] O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Valine O -was O -found O -as O -the O -unique O -N O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stability O -of O -the O -bond O -between O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -protein O -acceptor O -showed O -the O -characteristics O -of O -seryl O -- O -or O -threonylphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Associated O -with O -protein O -kinase O -II O -and O -III O -activity O -was O -the O -ability O -to O -bind O -labeled O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tryptophan B-Chemical -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -dioxygenase O -of O -the O -blowfly O -, O -Protophormia O -terrae O -- O -novae O -: O -partial O -purification O -and O -characterization O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -butyrate O -produces O -reversible O -changes O -in O -morphology O -, O -growth O -rate O -, O -and O -enzyme O -activities O -of O -several O -mammalian O -cell O -types O -in O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -butyrate O -increases O -the O -intracellular O -level O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -by O -about O -two O -fold O -in O -neuroblastoma O -cells O -; O -therefore O -, O -some O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -butyrate O -on O -these O -cells O -may O -in O -part O -be O -mediated O -by O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -of O -the O -blocking O -of O -the O -PCA O -reaction O -by O -cell O -- O -free O -particulate O -preparations O -from O -rat O -peritoneal O -mast O -cells O -and O -effect O -of O -pH O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -on O -the O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -on O -survival O -in O -batch O -culture O -of O -Streptococcus O -mutans O -C67 O -- O -1 O -and O -a O -noncariogenic O -mutant O -, O -C67 O -- O -25 O -. O - -aps B-category -S O -. O -mutans O -strain O -C67 O -- O -25 O -, O -a O -noncariogenic O -mutant O -of O -C67 O -- O -1 O -that O -has O -lost O -the O -ability O -of O -the O -latter O -to O -produce O -sticky O -, O -insoluble O -extracellular O -polysaccharide O -when O -grown O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -broth O -, O -showed O -a O -dramatic O -loss O -of O -viability O -after O -30 O -h O -of O -incubation O -in O -either O -glucose B-Chemical -or O -sucrose B-Chemical -broth O -, O -the O -effect O -being O -most O -marked O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -factors O -must O -be O -involved O -, O -however O -, O -since O -there O -are O -differences O -between O -the O -two O -strains O -as O -regards O -their O -survival O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -broth O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -and O -three O -different O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -on O -blood O -eosinophilia O -was O -evaluated O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Sotalol B-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -- O -blocker O -which O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -propranolol B-Chemical -does O -not O -penetrate O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -, O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -eosinophil O -count O -when O -injected O -intraperitoneally O -, O -but O -produced O -a O -marked O -increase O -in O -number O -of O -circulating O -eosinophils O -following O -intracerebroventricular O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Gastric O -acid O -output O -, O -blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -, O -serum O -- O -gastrin O -and O -psychomotor O -- O -performance O -were O -measured O -in O -four O -healthy O -subjects O -one O -hour O -before O -and O -two O -hours O -after O -the O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -( O -a O -) O -2ml O -saline O -, O -( O -b O -) O -0 O -. O -2 O -U O -/ O -kg O -b O -. O -w O -. O - -aps B-category -Psychomotor O -performance O -decreased O -markedly O -with O -progressing O -hypoglycemia O -, O -and O -increased O -when O -glucose B-Chemical -levels O -rose O -again O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -aluminum B-Chemical -and O -pH O -on O -altered O -body O -distribution O -of O -99mTc O -- O -EHDP O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -of O -investigations O -concerning O -the O -correlation O -between O -plasma O -concentrations O -and O -clinical O -effect O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -and O -antidepressives O -are O -summarised O -. O - -aps B-category -EEG O -sleep O -studies O -of O -insomniacs O -under O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Flunitrazepam B-Chemical -appears O -to O -possess O -some O -regulatory O -properties O -on O -REM O -sleep O -, O -since O -this O -stage O -is O -enhanced O -in O -patients O -with O -an O -initial O -low O -amount O -of O -REM O -sleep O -and O -decreased O -in O -those O -having O -a O -higher O -initial O -REM O -sleep O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -obtain O -some O -indications O -on O -the O -structural O -requirements O -for O -binding O -and O -reactivity O -, O -the O -purified O -enzyme O -has O -been O -subjected O -to O -kinetic O -analyses O -, O -including O -initial O -velocities O -with O -several O -3 O -' O -- O -ribomononucleotides O -, O -inhibition O -by O -5 O -' O -- O -nucleotides O -and O -nucleotide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -analogues I-Chemical -, O -and O -effect O -of O -pH O -and O -sulphydryl O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -histochemical O -study O -of O -the O -apparent O -deamination O -of O -proteins O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -hypochlorite O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -probable O -one O -is O -the O -chlorination O -of O -the O -protein O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -, O -followed O -by O -the O -breakdown O -of O -the O -N O -- O -chloramine O -so O -formed O -into O -alpha O -- O -ketocarboxylic O -acid O -, O -nitrile O -or O -aldehyde B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -dbcAMP O -and O -theophylline B-Chemical -on O -rat O -adrenal O -medulla O -grown O -in O -tissue O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -theophylline B-Chemical -is O -known O -to O -enhance O -intracellular O -levels O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -only O -, O -these O -effects O -are O -probably O -due O -to O -the O -action O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Improved O -histological O -localization O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -transaminase I-Chemical -activity O -in O -rat O -cerebellar O -cortex O -after O -aldehyde B-Chemical -fixation O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -from O -the O -improved O -technique O -have O -shown O -new O -sites O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -transaminase I-Chemical -activity O -in O -cerebellar O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -120 O -to O -148 O -days O -of O -gestation O -the O -rate O -of O -fluid O -production O -was O -4 O -. O -5 O -ml O -/ O -kg O -per O -h O -, O -and O -there O -was O -no O -change O -in O -mean O -fluid O -sodium B-Chemical -( O -147 O -. O -8 O -meq O -/ O -1 O -) O -, O -chloride B-Chemical -( O -153 O -. O -1 O -meq O -/ O -1 O -) O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -ml O -) O -, O -and O -pH O -( O -6 O -. O -23 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrogen O -ion O -concentration O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -an O -isolated O -canine O -hindlimb O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxygen O -, O -nitrogen B-Chemical -, O -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -( O -CO2 O -) O -gas O -flows O -to O -the O -membrane O -lung O -were O -independently O -regulated O -to O -provide O -a O -fixed O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -content O -( O -CaO2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -a O -pH O -below O -7 O -. O -4 O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -was O -not O -produced O -. O - -aps B-category -Method O -for O -measuring O -hepatic O -uptake O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -or O -other O -blood O -- O -borne O -substances O -in O -situ O -. O - -aps B-category -100 O -g O -- O -1 O -of O -tissue O -, O -representing O -54 O -% O -of O -total O -oxygen B-Chemical -removed O -by O -the O -splanchnic O -bed O -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -organophosphate B-Chemical -pesticides O -and O -2 O -phthalate O -acid O -esters O -that O -hydrolyze O -to O -phenols B-Chemical -or O -phthalic O -acid O -were O -evaluated O -as O -potential O -interferences O -and O -were O -found O -not O -to O -interfere O -with O -any O -of O -the O -carbamates O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -Collaborative O -study O -of O -the O -Food O -Chemicals O -Codex O -method O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -the O -neutralizing O -value O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -aluminum B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -AOAC O -method O -for O -determining O -the O -neutralizing O -value O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -acid O -pyrophosphate O -, O -sec O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ligand O -was O -a O -mixture O -of O -oligopeptides O -( O -mainly O -di O -- O -and O -tripeptides O -) O -containing O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -as O -carboxyl O -termini O -, O -and O -was O -obtained O -from O -a O -tryptic O -digest O -of O -protamine O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1 O -) O -For O -ferrous O -alkylated O -cytochrome O -c O -, O -a O -Raman O -line O -sensitive O -to O -the O -replacement O -of O -an O -axial O -ligand O -of O -the O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -uas O -found O -around O -1540 O -cm O -= O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -two O -axial O -ligands O -of O -the O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -in O -cytochrome O -c3 O -might O -be O -histidines O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -pigment O -which O -shows O -an O -absorption O -peak O -at O -about O -450 O -nm O -in O -the O -reduced O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -difference O -spectrum O -was O -purified O -from O -the O -microsomal O -fraction O -of O -yeast O -grown O -anaerobically O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -mixture O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -water O -( O -4 O -: O -1 O -, O -v O -/ O -v O -) O -at O -pH O -7 O -, O -ubiquinone O -- O -10 O -and O -rhodoquinone O -had O -half O -- O -wave O -potentials O -( O -E1 O -/ O -2 O -) O -OF O -+ O -43 O -MV O -and O -- O -63 O -mV O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Cultivation O -in O -the O -metal O -- O -deficient O -medium O -had O -essentially O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -levels O -of O -cytochromes O -in O -the O -particulate O -fraction O -, O -but O -dramatically O -decreased O -the O -non O -- O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -content O -and O -the O -amount O -of O -a O -high O -- O -spin O -ferric O -species O -exhibiting O -an O -ESR O -signal O -at O -g O -= O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Carboxyl O -groups O -of O -native O -human O -fibrinogen O -were O -modified O -with O -glycine B-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -and O -1 O -- O -ethyl O -- O -3 O -( O -3 O -- O -dimethylaminopropyl O -) O -carbodiimide O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitor O -I O -lacks O -both O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -and O -mechanisms O -of O -inhibition O -by O -silver B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -values O -of O -Ag O -+ O -- O -inactivated O -enzyme O -for O -NADH O -and O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -were O -the O -same O -as O -those O -of O -the O -native O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -new O -double O -- O -headed O -protease O -inhibitors O -from O -black O -- O -eyed O -peas O -have O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -compositions O -typical O -of O -the O -low O -molecular O -weight O -protease O -inhibitors O -from O -legume O -seeds O -. O - -aps B-category -Black O -- O -eyed O -pea O -trypsin O -inhibitor O -( O -BEPTI O -) O -contains O -no O -tryptophan B-Chemical -, O -1 O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -and O -14 O -half O -- O -cystines O -out O -of O -75 O -residues O -per O -monomer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -large O -number O -of O -cystine O -residues O -leads O -to O -an O -intense O -and O -complex O -near O -- O -ultraviolet O -CD O -spectrum O -with O -cystine O -contributions O -in O -the O -regions O -of O -248 O -and O -280 O -nm O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -contributions O -at O -233 O -and O -280 O -nm O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -NH2 O -- O -terminal O -serine O -of O -both O -BEPCI O -and O -BEPTI O -, O -the O -4 O -lysyl O -residues O -of O -BEPCI O -, O -and O -4 O -of O -the O -5 O -lysyl O -residues O -of O -BEPTI O -, O -could O -not O -be O -dansylated O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lysine O -, O -NH2 O -- O -terminal O -serine O -, O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -were O -reactive O -in O -fully O -reduced O -, O -carbamidomethylated O -BEPCI O -and O -BEPTI O -. O - -aps B-category -Affinity O -labeling O -of O -the O -primary O -bilirubin B-Chemical -binding O -site O -of O -human O -serum O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -yielded O -a O -water O -- O -soluble O -derivative O -in O -which O -both O -carboxyl O -groups O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -were O -converted O -to O -reactive O -enol O -esters O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -binding O -sites O -for O -bilirubin B-Chemical -and O -the O -label O -were O -found O -to O -be O -the O -same O -, O -and O -competition O -experiments O -with O -bilirubin B-Chemical -showed O -inhibition O -of O -covalent O -labeling O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -of O -methemoglobin O -formation O -from O -oxyhemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -was O -enhanced O -as O -the O -EDTA O -concentration O -increased O -and O -was O -dependent O -on O -enzymatic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -support O -the O -mediation O -of O -methemoglobin O -formation O -by O -superoxide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -to O -inhibit O -the O -formation O -of O -methemoglobin O -may O -represent O -one O -of O -its O -functions O -in O -the O -mature O -erythrocyte O -. O - -aps B-category -Active O -transport O -of O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -, O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -, O -and O -pyridoxamine O -occurs O -in O -resting O -cells O -of O -Saccharomyces O -carlsbergensis O -4228 O -and O -can O -lead B-Chemical -to O -intracellular O -concentrations O -of O -free O -vitamin O -much O -higher O -than O -those O -supplied O -externally O -. O - -aps B-category -Transport O -is O -inhibited O -by O -many O -unphosphorylated O -vitamin O -analogs O -, O -the O -most O -effective O -being O -5 O -' O -- O -deoxypyridoxine O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -deoxypridoxal O -, O -toxopyrimidine O -, O -4 O -' O -- O -deoxypyridoxine O -, O -and O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxypyridoxine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -systems O -transport O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -, O -while O -neither O -transports O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Above O -30 O -degrees O -net O -uptake O -of O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -drops O -initially O -, O -then O -rapidly O -increases O -to O -a O -second O -optimum O -at O -50 O -degrees O -; O -the O -uptake O -system O -is O -inactivated O -at O -about O -55 O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -LT2 O -concentrates O -radioactivity O -intracellularly O -from O -[ O -3H O -] O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -or O -[ O -3H O -] O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -up O -to O -25 O -times O -the O -external O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -values O -for O -uptake O -of O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -and O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -are O -2 O -. O -0 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -and O -1 O -. O -2 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -, O -respectively O -; O -[ O -3H O -] O -pyridoxamine O -is O -not O -transported O -. O - -aps B-category -S O -. O -typhimurium O -also O -appears O -to O -lack O -a O -periplasmic O -binding O -protein O -for O -vitamin B-Chemical -B6 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -order O -of O -effectiveness O -was O -ATP O -greater O -than O -ADP O -greater O -than O -P1 O -and O -since O -phosphate B-Chemical -binds O -to O -cytochrome O -c O -more O -strongly O -than O -the O -nucleotides O -, O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -inhibition O -resulted O -from O -anion O -interaction O -with O -the O -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -chondroitinase O -that O -acts O -upon O -chondroitin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -C O -and O -hyaluronic O -acid O -was O -isolated O -from O -Flavobacterium O -heparinum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chondroitinase O -C O -is O -also O -distinguished O -from O -the O -chondroitinases O -B O -and O -AC O -by O -several O -properties O -, O -such O -as O -effect O -of O -ions O -, O -temperature O -for O -optimal O -activity O -, O -and O -susceptibility O -to O -increasing O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -of O -nucleoside B-Chemical -radioactivity O -was O -extensively O -studied O -in O -one O -subfraction O -; O -it O -was O -linear O -with O -time O -and O -membrane O -concentration O -over O -ranges O -used O -for O -the O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -of O -radioactivity O -from O -all O -three O -nucleosides B-Chemical -exhibits O -a O -broad O -pH O -optimum O -from O -pH O -7 O -to O -pH O -9 O -, O -but O -falls O -off O -rapidly O -at O -lower O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -inhibited O -uptake O -of O -radioactivity O -from O -inosine O -more O -than O -from O -uridine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Caffeine B-Chemical -and O -6 O -- O -methylaminopurine O -riboside O -( O -6 O -- O -N O -- O -methyladenosine O -differentially O -inhibit O -uptake O -of O -radioactivity O -from O -adenosine B-Chemical -and O -inosine O -, O -and O -thus O -the O -vesicles O -apparently O -possess O -seperate O -transport O -systems O -for O -uptake O -of O -radioactivity O -from O -purine B-Chemical -nucleosides B-Chemical -and O -from O -uridine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hence O -, O -ROP O -phosphorylates O -the O -enzyme O -by O -displacing O -phosphate B-Chemical -from O -E O -- O -P O -during O -a O -pre O -- O -steady O -state O -reaction O -, O -while O -E O -- O -P O -turns O -over O -at O -the O -steady O -state O -velocity O -. O - -aps B-category -31P O -NMR O -spectra O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -phosphonate O -complexes O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -have O -been O -obtained O -by O -Fourier O -transform O -NMR O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -and O -characterization O -of O -indole B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetaldehyde I-Chemical -reductases O -from O -Cucumis O -sativus O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -enzymes O -catalyze O -the O -reduction O -of O -indole B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetaldehyde I-Chemical -to O -indole B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethanol I-Chemical -with O -the O -concomitant O -oxidation O -of O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -to O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymes O -show O -a O -strong O -specificity O -for O -indoleacetaldehyde O -, O -with O -apparent O -Km O -values O -of O -73mum O -, O -130mum O -, O -and O -400mum O -being O -calculated O -for O -the O -two O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -reductases O -and O -the O -NADH O -- O -specific O -reductase O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -reductases O -showed O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -5 O -. O -2 O -with O -a O -secondary O -optimum O -at O -7 O -. O -0 O -, O -and O -both O -enzymes O -were O -activated O -by O -increasing O -ionic O -strength O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -transport O -into O -inverted O -vesicles O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -was O -observed O -to O -occur O -without O -an O -exogenous O -energy O -source O -when O -an O -artificial O -proton O -gradient O -was O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphate O -accumulation O -was O -found O -to O -occur O -in O -conjunction O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -accumulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Valinomycin O -, O -which O -catalyzes O -electrogenic O -potassium B-Chemical -movement O -, O -stimulated O -calcium B-Chemical -accumulation O -, O -while O -nigericin O -, O -which O -catalyzes O -electroneutral O -exchange O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -protons O -, O -inhibited O -both O -artificial O -proton O -gradient O -- O -driven O -transport O -and O -respiratory O -- O -driven O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -the O -existence O -of O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -/ O -proton O -antiport O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -quantitative O -relationship O -between O -cation O -and O -anion O -uptake O -was O -determined O -from O -the O -slope O -of O -a O -plot O -of O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxybutyrate I-Chemical -uptake O -against O -Ca2 O -+ O -uptake O -, O -a O -method O -which O -allowed O -determination O -of O -the O -stoichiometry O -without O -requiring O -ambiguous O -corrections O -for O -early O -nonenergized O -or O -nonstoichiometric O -binding O -events O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxybutyrate I-Chemical -must O -be O -protonated O -to O -pass O -the O -membrane O -as O -the O -undissociated O -free O -acid O -, O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -4 O -protons O -were O -ejected O -( O -and O -subsequently O -reabsorbed O -) O -per O -pair O -of O -electrons O -per O -energy O -- O -conserving O -site O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -value O -2 O -. O -0 O -postulated O -by O -the O -chemiosmotic O -hypothesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fluorimetric O -detection O -of O -pesticides O -on O -aluminium B-Chemical -oxide O -layers O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -in O -serum O -and O -urine O -by O -electron O -- O -capture O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -is O -extracted O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -0 O -with O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -dichloroethane O -and O -a O -portion O -of O -the O -organic O -extract O -is O -concentrated O -and O -made O -to O -react O -with O -diazoethane O -in O -diethyl O -ether B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -gas O -chromatographic O -determination O -of O -underivatized O -theophylline B-Chemical -in O -whole O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -Theophylline B-Chemical -is O -extracted O -from O -acidified O -blood O -and O -chromatographed O -directly O -using O -cyheptamide O -as O -an O -internal O -standard O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -levels O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -androstenedione O -and O -dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical -were O -measured O -before O -and O -after O -5 O -days O -of O -treatment O -with O -hCG O -( O -2000 O -IU O -/ O -d O -) O -in O -36 O -prepubertal O -boys O -with O -cryptorchidism O -and O -11 O -with O -hypospadias O -in O -order O -to O -determine O -whether O -a O -defect O -in O -androgen B-Chemical -synthesis O -could O -be O -a O -common O -cause O -for O -these O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -levels O -did O -not O -correlate O -with O -either O -the O -anatomical O -location O -of O -the O -testis O -in O -patients O -with O -unilateral O -cryptorchidism O -or O -with O -the O -site O -of O -the O -urethra O -in O -boys O -with O -hypospadias O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -: O -1 O -) O -in O -all O -patients O -studied O -, O -the O -gonadotropin O -dependent O -phase O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -production O -is O -present O -; O -2 O -) O -hCG O -stimulation O -cannot O -detect O -unilateral O -Leydig O -cell O -dysfunction O -; O -and O -3 O -) O -in O -familial O -cases O -of O -cryptorchidism O -, O -some O -factor O -other O -than O -an O -abnormality O -in O -androgen B-Chemical -synthesis O -may O -be O -responsible O -for O -the O -hereditary O -tendency O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -evaluate O -the O -role O -of O -HCR O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -hypochromic O -anemias O -, O -HCR O -was O -isolated O -and O -partially O -purified O -from O -intact O -rabbit O -reticulocytes O -incubated O -in O -vitro O -with O -either O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -alpha O -, O -alpha O -- O -dipyridyl O -( O -an O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chelating I-Chemical -agent O -) O -or O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -alpha O -, O -alpha O -- O -dipyridyl O -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -inhibit O -heme O -synthesis O -before O -the O -time O -that O -protein O -synthesis O -is O -affected O -, O -while O -neither O -lowers O -either O -ATP O -or O -GSH O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -HCR O -was O -isolated O -from O -intact O -cells O -and O -assayed O -in O -the O -reticulocyte O -cell O -- O -free O -systems O -, O -plus O -and O -minus O -hemin O -, O -premature O -appearance O -of O -HCR O -was O -found O -in O -cells O -incubated O -in O -vitro O -with O -alpha O -, O -alpha O -- O -dipyridyl O -or O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -rabbits O -with O -phenylhydrazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hemolytic O -anemia O -were O -given O -intravenous O -ethanol B-Chemical -in O -vivo O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -4 O -ml O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -iron B-Chemical -deficiency O -or O -chronic O -disease O -( O -where O -iron B-Chemical -is O -not O -available O -to O -the O -erythroblast O -for O -heme O -synthesis O -) O -HCR O -appears O -prematurely O -and O -inhibits O -protein O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -the O -female O -patients O -were O -more O -likely O -than O -the O -male O -patients O -to O -receive O -psychotropic O -medication O -, O -especially O -the O -more O -potent O -antidepressant B-Chemical -variety O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -affecting O -the O -assay O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -by O -the O -plate O -diffusion O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -were O -obtained O -at O -varying O -concentrations O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -and O -at O -different O -pHs O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -improved O -and O -optimized O -method O -for O -serum O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -, O -lipoprotein O -lipase O -, O -and O -triglyceride B-Chemical -synthetase O -complex O -activities O -in O -mammary O -tissue O -were O -unchanged O -by O -intake O -restriction O -, O -decreased O -by O -adrenalectomy O -, O -and O -increased O -by O -glucocorticoid O -- O -replacement O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -initial O -galactose B-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -mix O -was O -a O -trace O -but O -increased O -to O -1 O -. O -20 O -% O -during O -fermentation O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactose O -ranged O -from O -3 O -. O -31 O -to O -4 O -. O -74 O -% O -, O -galactose B-Chemical -varied O -from O -1 O -. O -48 O -to O -2 O -. O -50 O -% O -, O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -only O -a O -trace O -in O -all O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -contents O -decreased O -29 O -and O -60 O -% O -in O -cultured O -yogurt O -and O -48 O -and O -54 O -% O -in O -acidified O -yogurt O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -of O -the O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -was O -produced O -by O -K O -. O -fragilis O -, O -little O -ethanol B-Chemical -was O -found O -in O -absence O -of O -S O -. O -cerevisiae O -, O -and O -the O -acetoin O -was O -producted O -by O -S O -. O -thermophilus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -LD50 O -for O -mice O -subjected O -to O -smoke O -was O -45 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -in O -normal O -CFW O -mice O -the O -LD50 O -was O -1 O -, O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Normal O -CFW O -mice O -, O -as O -well O -as O -sham O -control O -mice O -, O -exhibited O -an O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hyperglycemia O -, O -whereas O -the O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -values O -for O -smoked O -mice O -given O -epinephrine B-Chemical -were O -essentially O -the O -same O -as O -those O -for O -sham O -mice O -given O -only O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -suppressor O -T O -cell O -activity O -appeared O -to O -be O -fully O -developed O -at O -least O -as O -early O -as O -2 O -weeks O -of O -age O -; O -here O -, O -the O -inhibitory O -effects O -produced O -could O -by O -abrogated O -by O -depletion O -of O -T O -cells O -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -unresponsiveneness O -induced O -by O -such O -cells O -does O -not O -result O -in O -the O -depletion O -ot O -irreversible O -inactivation O -of O -B O -cells O -capable O -of O -responding O -to O -SSS O -- O -III O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -age O -on O -the O -immune O -response O -to O -type O -III O -pneumococcal O -polysaccharide O -( O -SIII O -) O -and O -bacterial O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -( O -LPS O -) O -in O -BALB O -/ O -c O -, O -SJL O -/ O -J O -, O -and O -C3H O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Production O -of O -IgG O -antibodies O -and O -enhanced O -response O -of O -nude O -mice O -to O -DNP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -AE I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dextran I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -DNP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -AE I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dextran I-Chemical -induced O -a O -weak O -secondary O -response O -in O -nu O -/ O -+ O -but O -not O -in O -nu O -/ O -nu O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -the O -influence O -of O -a O -graft O -- O -vs O -- O -host O -reaction O -, O -a O -10 O -- O -fold O -increase O -in O -antibody O -titers O -to O -DNP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -AE I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dextran I-Chemical -was O -observed O -, O -due O -entirely O -to O -an O -enhanced O -IgG O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -x O -- O -ray O -contrast B-Chemical -material O -to O -blood O -results O -in O -the O -changes O -due O -to O -hypertonicity O -but O -does O -not O -cause O -sickling O -of O -Hb O -SS O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ratio O -between O -the O -yield O -of O -soluble O -phase O -protein O -obtained O -by O -dilution O -precipitation O -and O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -of O -the O -soluble O -phase O -remains O -constant O -under O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -homogenization O -and O -sonication O -conditions O -applied O -to O -the O -original O -whole O -platelet O -suspensions O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -and O -metabolism O -of O -the O -confined O -lugworm O -Arenicola O -marina O -( O -L O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -sea O -water O -oxygen B-Chemical -partial O -pressure O -( O -PwO2 O -) O -between O -120 O -and O -150 O -Torr O -MO2 O -, O -SVO2 O -and O -Vb O -were O -high O -and O -nearly O -constant O -. O - -aps B-category -Cattle O -brain O -cortex O -was O -homogenised O -in O -0 O -, O -29 O -mol O -/ O -1 O -sucrose B-Chemical -and O -centrifuged O -at O -101 O -000 O -X O -g O -. O -The O -supernatant O -contains O -the O -majority O -of O -3 O -enzymes O -participating O -in O -protein O -turnover O -: O -cathepsin O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -4 O -. O -23 O -) O -, O -phosphoprotein O -phosphatase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -16 O -) O -and O -acid O -phosphatase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -54 O -degrees O -C O -NO O -DECREASE O -OF O -ACTIVITY O -WAs O -measurable O -during O -30 O -min O -; O -the O -Km O -was O -2 O -mumol O -/ O -1 O -for O -Sodium B-Chemical -phenolphthalein O -diphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Case O -histories O -are O -presented O -for O -four O -psychotic O -patients O -who O -ingested O -large O -quantities O -of O -water O -and O -subsequently O -developed O -grand O -mal O -seizures O -and O -serum O -sodium B-Chemical -levels O -of O -less O -than O -121 O -meq O -/ O -liter O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebrospinal O -fluid O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -lactate B-Chemical -/ O -pyruvate B-Chemical -ratios O -in O -hydrocephalus O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -inverse O -relationship O -was O -noted O -between O -CPP O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -the O -L O -/ O -P O -ratio O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -- O -hydroxytryptamine O -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -causes O -a O -hyperpolarization O -and O -increased O -conductance O -of O -the O -leech O -body O -wall O -muscle O -cell O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Exposing O -the O -muscle O -to O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tubocurarine I-Chemical -( O -d O -- O -TC O -) O -eliminates O -the O -excitatory O -component O -( O -EJP O -) O -of O -the O -complex O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -are O -interpreted O -as O -indicating O -that O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -acts O -on O -leech O -body O -wall O -muscle O -cells O -by O -increasing O -the O -conductance O -to O -the O -Cl O -minus O -ion O -and O -that O -the O -IJP O -' O -s O -caused O -by O -nerve O -stimulation O -are O -probably O -the O -result O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -release O -at O -nerve O -terminals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combined O -effect O -upon O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -( O -CBF O -) O -of O -an O -elevation O -of O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -pressure O -( O -CSFP O -) O -and O -changes O -in O -respiratory O -CO2 O -was O -studied O -in O -nine O -baboons O -under O -chloralose B-Chemical -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -dietary O -vanadium O -on O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -synthesis O -and O -turnover O -in O -the O -chick O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -feeding O -the O -experimental O -diets O -for O -4 O -weeks O -body O -weight O -and O -liver O -weight O -of O -chicks O -fed O -100 O -ppm O -vanadium O -were O -significantly O -less O -than O -those O -of O -the O -control O -chicks O -and O -liver O -total O -lipid O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -tended O -to O -be O -slightly O -higher O -than O -the O -levels O -of O -the O -control O -chicks O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -total O -lipid O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -were O -significantly O -higher O -than O -the O -levels O -in O -the O -control O -chicks O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -hepatic O -citrate B-Chemical -cleavage O -enzyme O -activity O -among O -chicks O -fed O -100 O -ppm O -vanadium O -, O -whereas O -, O -there O -was O -no O -significant O -change O -in O -acetate O -thiokinase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -turnover O -rate O -of O -plasma O -cholesterol B-Chemical -determined O -by O -administering O -[ O -4 O -- O -14C O -] O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -periodically O -measuring O -the O -specific O -activity O -of O -plasma O -cholesterol B-Chemical -was O -higher O -in O -chicks O -fed O -vanadium O -than O -in O -those O -fed O -the O -basal O -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -Combined O -treatment O -of O -iproniazid O -with O -tryptophan B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -a O -significantly O -greater O -anorexic O -action O -whilst O -tryptophan B-Chemical -alone O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -food O -consumption O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anorexic O -action O -of O -the O -iproniazid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -combination O -was O -antagonized O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -fashion O -by O -methysergide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -a O -common O -role O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -in O -the O -inhibition O -of O -eating O -behaviour O -in O -fasting O -rats O -when O -anorexia O -is O -induced O -by O -iproniazid O -, O -fenfluramine B-Chemical -or O -mazindol B-Chemical -, O -sensitive O -to O -a O -specific O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -( O -alpha O -MpT O -) O -- O -induced O -diminution O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -in O -the O -hypothalamus O -and O -the O -rest O -of O -the O -brain O -was O -attenuated O -in O -pair O -- O -fed O -animals O -, O -but O -restored O -in O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -deficient O -in O -ascorbic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -of O -the O -heart O -exhibited O -a O -similar O -tendency O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cerebral O -content O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -showed O -a O -decrease O -in O -pair O -- O -fed O -as O -well O -as O -in O -ascorbic O -acid O -deficient O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -an O -aldosterone B-Chemical -antagonist O -on O -the O -protective O -action O -of O -carbenoxolone O -on O -the O -gastric O -mucosal O -barrier O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -net O -fluxes O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -ion O -were O -measured O -before O -, O -during O -, O -and O -after O -contact O -with O -a O -10 O -mM O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -solution O -at O -pH O -2 O -, O -in O -pouches O -which O -had O -not O -been O -treated O -with O -drugs O -, O -in O -pouches O -treated O -with O -carbenoxolone O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -in O -pouches O -treated O -with O -both O -carbenoxolone O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -the O -aldosterone B-Chemical -antagonist O -, O -spironolactone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -to O -the O -pouches O -of O -either O -carbenoxolone O -sodium B-Chemical -alone O -or O -carbenoxolone O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -spironolactone B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -back O -diffusion O -after O -exposure O -to O -the O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbenoxolone O -did O -not O -change O -the O -increased O -sodium B-Chemical -ion O -diffusion O -caused O -by O -bile O -. O - -aps B-category -Twelve O -male O -Lister O -hooded O -rats O -were O -conditioned O -to O -discriminate O -an O -8 O -kHz O -tone O -( O -56 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -dB O -re O -0 O -. O -0002 O -dyne O -cm O -- O -2 O -) O -and O -were O -subsequently O -injected O -subcutaneously O -with O -kanamycin B-Chemical -( O -400 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -day O -- O -1 O -) O -for O -28 O -days O -; O -during O -this O -time O -and O -for O -five O -weeks O -after O -dosage O -was O -stopped O -, O -the O -nature O -and O -extent O -of O -the O -resultant O -hearing O -deficits O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -onset O -of O -hearing O -impairment O -( O -reduced O -discrimination O -performance O -) O -, O -which O -was O -gradual O -in O -some O -rats O -and O -sudden O -in O -others O -, O -generally O -occurred O -during O -the O -fourth O -week O -of O -kanamycin B-Chemical -dosage O -although O -the O -earliest O -onset O -was O -towards O -the O -end O -of O -the O -second O -week O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -rats O -showed O -a O -reduced O -discrimination O -performance O -at O -a O -time O -when O -their O -Preyer O -reflex O -threshold O -showed O -no O -elevation O -suggesting O -that O -kanamycin B-Chemical -, O -at O -least O -initially O -, O -caused O -a O -threshold O -elevation O -rather O -than O -reduced O -sensitivity O -to O -intense O -sounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Therapeutic O -serum O -concentrations O -of O -codeine B-Chemical -can O -be O -virtually O -completely O -extracted O -and O -obtained O -sufficiently O -concentrated O -for O -g O -. O -c O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -jumping O -behaviour O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -catechol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -O I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltransferase I-Chemical -inhibitors O -on O -brain O -apomorphine B-Chemical -concentrations O -and O -stereotyped O -behaviour O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Placental O -transfer O -of O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Interference O -by O -mepacrine O -with O -the O -storage O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -in O -blood O -platelets O -. O - -aps B-category -Identification O -of O -diastereomeric O -propranolol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -O I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucuronides I-Chemical -by O -gas O -chromatography O -- O -mass O -spectrometry O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -The O -chemical O -stability O -of O -polyvinyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -The O -effects O -of O -amantadine B-Chemical -, O -tranylcypromine B-Chemical -, O -amphetamine B-Chemical -and O -tyramine O -on O -the O -response O -of O -the O -rat O -anococcygeus O -muscle O -after O -bretylium O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Methylamphetamine O -withdrawal O -as O -a O -model O -for O -the O -depressive O -state O -: O -antagonism O -of O -post B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -depression O -by O -imipramine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Duration O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -' O -s O -effect O -on O -human O -platelet O -aggregation O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Interactions O -of O -chlorinated O -phenols B-Chemical -with O -bacterial O -phosphatidylethonalamine O -monolayers O -in O -relation O -to O -antibacterial O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -The O -non O -- O -selectivity O -of O -some O -pharmacopoeial O -assays O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -injections O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -A O -possible O -interaction O -between O -the O -24H O -rhythms O -in O -catecholamine B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -R O -- O -Factor O -conferred O -ability O -to O -mutate O -to O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -resistance O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Bacterial O -degradation O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -benzamidosalicylate O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -In O -situ O -fusion O -and O -granulation O -of O -a O -chlorpromaide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -solid O -solution O -for O -compressed O -tablets O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -The O -effects O -of O -some O -bis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -quaternary I-Chemical -ammonium I-Chemical -compounds O -on O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -, O -cholinesterase O -and O -the O -cholinergic O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -An O -investigation O -of O -the O -rat O -in O -situ O -absorption O -model O -using O -practolol O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Incompatibility O -of O -non O -- O -ionic O -surfactants O -with O -phenols B-Chemical -in O -relation O -to O -binding O -constants O -and O -cloud O -points O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Influence O -of O -a O -mucin O -model O -system O -upon O -the O -bioavailability O -of O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -and O -warfarin B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -from O -the O -small O -intestine O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Nicotine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -' O -- O -N O -- O -oxide O -from O -species O -of O -Nicotiana O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -acute O -alterations O -of O -plasma O -sodium B-Chemical -concentration O -( O -PNa O -) O -on O -renal O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -( O -UNaV O -) O -was O -investigated O -by O -three O -types O -of O -experiments O -on O -anaesthetized O -dogs O -: O -( O -a O -) O -A O -local O -increase O -in O -PNa O -at O -one O -kidney O -was O -produced O -by O -infusion O -of O -hypertonic O -saline O -directly O -into O -its O -artery O -while O -systemic O -levels O -of O -PNa O -were O -stabilized O -by O -haemodialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -were O -contrasted O -with O -those O -observed O -after O -similar O -exchanges O -, O -but O -using O -dextran B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -in I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -saline I-Chemical -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -three O -types O -of O -experiment O -suggest O -a O -dependence O -of O -UNaV O -on O -PNa O -Analysis O -demonstrated O -that O -this O -relationship O -was O -not O -due O -to O -contemporary O -changes O -in O -: O -packed O -cell O -volume O -; O -plasma O -solids O -concentration O -; O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -; O -blood O -pressure O -or O -plasma O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fall O -in O -UNaV O -at O -low O -levels O -of O -PNa O -could O -be O -attributed O -to O -a O -fall O -in O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -( O -GFR O -) O -, O -but O -the O -progressive O -rise O -in O -UNaV O -seen O -as O -PNa O -exceeded O -150 O -m O -- O -mole O -1 O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -occurred O -despite O -a O -fall O -in O -GFR O -and O -no O -apparent O -change O -in O -the O -mean O -filtered O -load O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Suppression O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -leucocytosis O -by O -metiamide O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -1 O -- O -N O -- O -Methylisoasparagine O -, O -8 O -- O -isoleucine O -] O -- O -( O -I O -) O -, O -[ O -1 O -- O -sarcosine O -, O -4 O -- O -N O -- O -methyltyrosine O -, O -8 O -- O -isoleucine O -] O -- O -( O -II O -) O -, O -[ O -1 O -- O -sarcosine O -, O -5 O -- O -N O -- O -methylisoleucine O -, O -8 O -- O -isoleucine O -] O -- O -( O -III O -) O -, O -[ O -1 O -- O -sarcosine O -, O -8 O -- O -N O -- O -methylisoleucine O -] O -- O -( O -IV O -) O -, O -[ O -1 O -- O -sarcosine8k O -- O -N O -- O -methylisoleucine O -, O -8 O -- O -N O -- O -methylisoleucine O -] O -- O -( O -V O -) O -, O -[ O -1 O -- O -sarcosine O -, O -8 O -- O -O O -- O -methylthreonine O -] O -- O -( O -VI O -) O -, O -[ O -1 O -- O -sarcosine O -, O -8 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -] O -- O -( O -VII O -) O -, O -and O -[ O -1 O -- O -sarcosine O -, O -8 O -- O -serine O -] O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -( O -VIII O -) O -, O -synthesized O -by O -Merrifield O -' O -s O -solid O -- O -phase O -procedure O -, O -possess O -respectively O -0 O -. O -8 O -, O -0 O -. O -3 O -, O -0 O -. O -5 O -, O -1 O -. O -0 O -, O -0 O -. O -0 O -, O -0 O -. O -5 O -, O -3 O -. O -7 O -, O -and O -0 O -. O -7 O -% O -pressor O -activity O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -( O -vagotomized O -, O -ganglion O -- O -blocked O -rats O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Dose O -ratios O -( O -ratio O -of O -ED20 O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -during O -infusion O -of O -the O -antagonist O -and O -before O -infusion O -of O -the O -antagonist O -) O -in O -vagotomized O -, O -ganglion O -- O -blocked O -rats O -, O -infused O -at O -250 O -ng O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -, O -were O -33 O -. O -43 O -, O -2 O -. O -14 O -, O -3 O -. O -26 O -, O -2 O -. O -99 O -, O -0 O -. O -62 O -, O -62 O -. O -52 O -, O -incalculable O -, O -and O -11 O -. O -15 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -exception O -of O -[ O -Sar1 O -, O -Thr O -( O -ObetaMe O -) O -8 O -] O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -, O -which O -gave O -lower O -antagonistic O -properties O -, O -all O -other O -analogs O -had O -either O -similar O -antagonistic O -properties O -or O -were O -better O -antagonists O -in O -adrenal O -medulla O -than O -in O -smooth O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -series O -of O -3 O -- O -substituted O -5 O -, O -7 O -- O -dihydroxypyrazolo O -[ O -1 O -, O -5 O -- O -alpha O -] O -pyrimidines O -containing O -various O -aromatic O -[ O -phenyl O -- O -( O -3e O -) O -, O -3 O -- O -pyridyl O -- O -( O -3f O -) O -, O -p O -- O -bromophenyl O -- O -( O -3g O -) O -, O -p O -- O -chlorophenyl O -- O -( O -3h O -) O -, O -p O -- O -acetamidophenyl O -- O -( O -3i O -) O -, O -p O -- O -tolyl O -- O -( O -3j O -) O -, O -m O -- O -tolyl O -- O -( O -3k O -) O -, O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -methylenedioxyphenyl O -- O -( O -3m O -) O -, O -or O -naphthyl O -- O -( O -3n O -) O -] O -or O -nonaromatic O -[ O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( O -3a O -) O -, O -nitro O -- O -( O -3b O -) O -, O -bromo O -- O -( O -3c O -) O -, O -or O -chloro O -- O -( O -3d O -) O -] O -substituents O -in O -the O -3 O -position O -was O -synthesized O -and O -tested O -as O -inhibitors O -of O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -inhibitors O -of O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -3e O -- O -n O -greater O -than O -3a O -, O -c O -, O -d O -congruent O -to O -allopurinol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -3b O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -the O -pH O -dependence O -of O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -inhibition O -by O -3a O -, O -e O -, O -g O -and O -allopurinol B-Chemical -indicated O -that O -the O -3 O -- O -aryl O -substituents O -facilitated O -binding O -to O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Partially O -purified O -rabbit O -liver O -UDPglucuronosyltransferase O -is O -immobilized O -on O -agarose O -by O -the O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -activation O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -stimulatory O -and O -inhibitory O -effects O -of O -external O -K O -were O -also O -observed O -in O -intact O -cells O -after O -exposure O -to O -Pb O -+ O -+ O -or O -to O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -iodoacetate O -plus O -adenosine B-Chemical -, O -or O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -that O -a O -common O -K O -+ O -- O -activated O -K O -+ O -- O -specific O -transfer O -system O -may O -be O -involved O -under O -all O -of O -these O -various O -circumstances O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -fluoride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -poisoned I-Chemical -intact O -cells O -, O -the O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -- O -K O -+ O -stimulated O -flux O -passes O -through O -a O -maximum O -around O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potassium B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -gradient O -gives O -rise O -to O -a O -transmembrane O -potential O -of O -the O -order O -of O -40 O -mV O -per O -10 O -- O -fold O -concentration O -gradient O -with O -the O -side O -of O -the O -higher O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -negative O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -low O -potassium B-Chemical -ion O -concentrations O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -potential O -has O -the O -expected O -polarity O -with O -the O -solution O -having O -higher O -concentration O -of O -protons O -negative O -. O - -aps B-category -Subunit O -composition O -, O -x O -- O -ray O -diffraction O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -binding O -behaviour O -of O -Panulirus O -interruptus O -hemocyanin O -. O - -aps B-category -Aminomalononitrile O -( O -HCN O -trimer O -) O -reacts O -with O -electrophiles O -such O -as O -aldehydes O -and O -acrylonitrile O -under O -very O -mild O -conditions O -of O -temperature O -and O -pH O -to O -produce O -intermediates O -which O -, O -after O -acid O -hydrolysis O -, O -yield O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -the O -exposure O -on O -the O -excretion O -of O -some O -metabolites B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ammonia I-Chemical -, O -acetone O -, O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -, O -phenol B-Chemical -and O -organic O -substances O -measured O -by O -their O -oxidability O -- O -- O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -shown O -experimentally O -that O -a O -30 O -- O -day O -exposure O -of O -white O -rats O -to O -hypokinesia O -and O -moderate O -hyperoxia O -decreases O -elimination O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -and O -increases O -the O -formation O -and O -release O -into O -an O -enclosed O -atmosphere O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -, O -aldehydes O -and O -ketones O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -miniature O -swine O -infused O -with O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -fructose O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -magnitude O -and O -time O -of O -peak O -plasma O -ethanol B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -functions O -of O -the O -quantity O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -or O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -fructose O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alcohol B-Chemical -consumption O -of O -malnourished O -rats O -increased O -slowly O -but O -substantially O -during O -a O -4 O -- O -week O -period O -in O -which O -caffeine B-Chemical -was O -added O -to O -their O -marginally O -adequate O -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -taurine O -on O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -sleeping O -time O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -alcohol B-Chemical -level O -discrimination O -by O -nonalcoholics O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Cornell O -Medical O -Index O -as O -an O -adjunct O -to O -paraprofessional O -evaluation O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -addiction O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -indicated O -by O -the O -constriction O -of O -intracranial O -arteries O -induced O -by O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -stimulation O -of O -sympathetic O -nerves O -, O -reflex O -sympathetic O -activations O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -on O -the O -centrol O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -binding O -to O -synaptic O -membranes O -from O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -incubation O -studies O -with O -swine O -tissue O -slices O -, O -acetate O -- O -1 O -- O -14C O -or O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -U I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -14C I-Chemical -as O -substrates O -were O -incorporated O -more O -readily O -into O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -in O -adipose O -tissue O -than O -other O -tissues O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -acetate O -was O -available O -, O -liver O -, O -small O -intestine O -, O -and O -adipose O -tissue O -were O -important O -sites O -for O -cholesterol B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -in O -tissue O -slices O -, O -incorporation O -of O -acetyl O -- O -1 O -- O -14C O -CoA O -into O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -by O -adipose O -homogenates O -indicated O -high O -lipogenic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -adult O -swine O -adipose O -tissue O -, O -the O -incorporation O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -U I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -14C I-Chemical -into O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -higher O -than O -its O -incorporation O -into O -glyceride O -- O -glycerol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acitivity O -of O -acetyl O -CoA O -carboxylase O -, O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -, O -citrate B-Chemical -cleavage O -enzyme O -, O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -phosphat B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -malate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -and O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenase O -was O -considerably O -higher O -in O -adipose O -tissue O -than O -in O -other O -tissues O -tested O -, O -paralleling O -its O -high O -lipogenic O -capacity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -in O -the O -control O -of O -ammonium B-Chemical -excretion O -during O -starvation O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -were O -accompanied O -by O -an O -improvement O -in O -potassium B-Chemical -balance O -and O -an O -increased O -rate O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Ketone O -body O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -excretion O -remained O -unchanged O -in O -this O -group O -while O -potassium B-Chemical -balance O -improved O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -dose O -of O -KHCO3 O -was O -increased O -to O -1 O -. O -5 O -- O -2 O -. O -0 O -mmol O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -in O -fasting O -subjects O -, O -the O -urine O -was O -alkalinized O -, O -and O -ammonium B-Chemical -excretion O -fell O -to O -negligible O -levels O -, O -resulting O -in O -nitrogen B-Chemical -sparing O -of O -2 O -. O -0 O -g O -/ O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitrogen O -wastage O -caused O -by O -losses O -of O -urinary O -ammonium B-Chemical -during O -starvation O -can O -be O -virtually O -eliminated O -by O -potassium B-Chemical -supplementation O -and O -urinary O -alkalinization O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reason O -for O -the O -fall O -in O -beta O -- O -hydroxybutyrate O -excretion O -is O -not O -apparent O -, O -though O -it O -was O -associated O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -chloride B-Chemical -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -half O -of O -the O -animals O -, O -the O -arterial O -lactate B-Chemical -/ O -pyruvate B-Chemical -ratio O -rose O -from O -2 O -. O -5 O -mM O -/ O -0 O -. O -19mM O -to O -20 O -. O -4 O -mM O -/ O -0 O -. O -28 O -mM O -, O -and O -arterial O -pH O -fell O -to O -7 O -. O -16 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -spontaneous O -lactic O -acidosis O -can O -be O -produced O -in O -diabetic O -, O -but O -not O -in O -normal O -, O -rabbits O -by O -infusion O -of O -beta O -- O -hydroxybutric O -acid O -followed O -by O -infusion O -of O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -various O -nitrogen B-Chemical -sources O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -, O -L O -- O -aspartic O -acid O -, O -L O -- O -asparagine O -, O -and O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -) O -on O -the O -synthetase O -and O -transferase O -activity O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -was O -studied O -in O -Candida O -tropicalis O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamic O -acid O -or O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -did O -not O -produce O -any O -considerable O -action O -on O -the O -kinetic O -properties O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -of O -this O -fodder O -yeast O -. O - -aps B-category -Negative O -interaction O -has O -been O -established O -between O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -during O -their O -effect O -on O -the O -production O -of O -glycolic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -is O -utilized O -mainly O -in O -the O -system O -of O -CO2 O -fixation O -; O -the O -process O -is O -inhibited O -by O -fluoroacetate B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -inhibition O -is O -eliminated O -by O -substrates O -of O -the O -cycle O -of O -carboxylic O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -Lecithinase O -was O -purified O -by O -salting O -out O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -( O -75 O -% O -saturation O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparative O -characteristics O -of O -formation O -and O -properties O -of O -catalases O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -in O -certain O -species O -of O -fungi O -from O -the O -genus O -Penicillium O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -insensitive I-Chemical -pneumococci O -, O -of O -10 O -serotypes O -, O -which O -had O -been O -isolated O -in O -Australia O -and O -New O -Guinea O -from O -healthy O -carriers O -and O -patients O -with O -pneumococcal O -infections O -, O -were O -shown O -to O -be O -relatively O -resistant O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -, O -penicillin B-Chemical -V O -, O -methicillin B-Chemical -, O -cloxacillin O -, O -cephaloridine O -and O -cephalothin B-Chemical -, O -compared O -with O -pneumococci O -fully O -sensitive O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -. O -Most O -penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -insensitive I-Chemical -pneumococci O -either O -were O -fully O -sensitive O -to O -ampicillin B-Chemical -or O -showed O -a O -slight O -decrease O -in O -sensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -bacterial O -tests O -, O -the O -minimal O -bactericidal O -concentration O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -either O -equalled O -or O -exceeded O -the O -minimal O -inhibitory O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -preparations O -from O -oat O -seedlings O -showing O -the O -activity O -of O -myo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inositol I-Chemical -oxygenase O -( O -E O -. O -C O -. O -1 O -. O -13 O -. O -99 O -. O -1 O -) O -have O -been O -described O -previously O -. O - -aps B-category -rat O -kidney O -or O -yeast O -, O -the O -oat O -enzyme O -seemed O -to O -exhibit O -a O -somewhat O -less O -stringent O -activity O -, O -acting O -on O -other O -inositols O -and O -inositol B-Chemical -methyl O -ethers O -as O -well O -as O -on O -myo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inositol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -on O -the O -other O -inositols O -and O -inositol B-Chemical -methyl O -ethers O -is O -apparently O -due O -to O -one O -or O -more O -other O -enzymes O -, O -which O -are O -also O -adsorbed O -on O -the O -affinity O -gel O -, O -but O -can O -be O -separated O -from O -the O -myo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inositol I-Chemical -oxygenase O -by O -elution O -with O -increasing O -concentrations O -of O -myo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inositol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -pK O -values O -and O -the O -number O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -were O -determined O -; O -it O -has O -been O -shown O -that O -these O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -moieties O -are O -" O -buried O -" O -in O -the O -protein O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -Km O -for O -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -polymeric O -form O -is O -6 O -. O -8 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -. O -The O -molecular O -weight O -of O -this O -enzyme O -is O -50 O -000 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chromatin O -was O -dissolved O -in O -2 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -pH O -7 O -, O -and O -reprecipitated O -by O -decreasing O -the O -ionic O -strength O -to O -0 O -. O -4 O -and O -increasing O -pH O -to O -9 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -group O -with O -pKa O -approximately O -3 O -influenced O -the O -mechanisms O -of O -pepsin O -hydrolysis O -as O -strongly O -as O -in O -the O -case O -of O -pepsin O -catalyzed O -oxygen B-Chemical -isotopic O -exchange O -in O -the O -acyl O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -carboxyl O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -antihistamines O -, O -steroids B-Chemical -and O -disodium O -cromoglycate O -on O -an O -immediate O -hypersensitivity O -reaction O -in O -the O -guinea O -pig O -eye O -are O -described O -in O -terms O -of O -clinical O -observations O -, O -histological O -examinations O -of O -sections O -of O -eyes O -and O -cytological O -studies O -of O -material O -from O -the O -conjunctival O -surface O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -native O -DNA O -as O -substrate O -the O -enzyme O -could O -only O -digest O -the O -DNA O -when O -caffeine B-Chemical -was O -added O -to O -the O -reaction O -mixture O -. O - -aps B-category -Caffeine B-Chemical -was O -also O -found O -to O -affect O -the O -thermal O -stability O -of O -DNA O -, O -resulting O -in O -a O -melting O -profile O -characterized O -by O -two O -transitions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -base O -composition O -of O -the O -mononucleotide O -digests O -suggests O -that O -caffeine B-Chemical -has O -greater O -preference O -for O -interacting O -with O -A O -- O -T O -base O -- O -pairs O -in O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -we O -investigated O -the O -antisecretory O -effects O -of O -a O -new O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -in O -200 O -- O -, O -300 O -- O -or O -400 O -- O -mg O -doses O -, O -taken O -orally O -at O -bedtime O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Stability O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -propoxyphene O -hydrochloride O -and O -propoxyphene O -napsylate O -. O - -aps B-category -Homology O -of O -myosin O -DTNB O -light O -chain O -with O -alkali B-Chemical -light O -chains O -, O -troponin O -C O -and O -parvalbumin O -. O - -aps B-category -Protolytic O -reactions O -coupled O -with O -the O -electron O -transfer O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -proton O -translocation O -into O -the O -inner O -space O -of O -the O -thylakoid O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -the O -brain O -and O -their O -biosynthesis O -( O -review O -of O -the O -current O -literature O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -and O -phenytoin B-Chemical -on O -the O -high O -- O -affinity O -uptake O -of O -the O -putative O -neurotransmitters O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -was O -examined O -in O -synaptosomes O -prepared O -from O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Pentobarbital B-Chemical -increased O -the O -uptake O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -twofold O -and O -only O -slightly O -increased O -the O -uptake O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -that O -these O -drugs O -may O -limit O -the O -propagation O -of O -seizures O -through O -the O -balance O -of O -excitatory O -glutamate B-Chemical -pathways O -and O -inhibitory O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -pathways O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F2alpha O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -intramuscular O -injection O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -maternal O -plasma O -prolactin O -rose O -1 O -. O -0 O -- O -to O -2 O -. O -5 O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -except O -one O -boy O -we O -found O -a O -sharp O -increase O -in O -testosterone B-Chemical -after O -HCG O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Local O -analgesia O -and O -premedication O -with O -Atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -contrary O -, O -formation O -of O -a O -2 O -: O -1 O -Sn O -: O -PyP O -complex O -, O -which O -shows O -no O -bone O -affinity O -but O -concentrate O -in O -the O -kidneys O -, O -is O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -independent O -and O -occurs O -even O -at O -very O -low O -pyrophosphate O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -one O -statistically O -significant O -interaction O -found O -was O -that O -in O -which O -phenytoin B-Chemical -dosage O -decreased O -plasma O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -interaction O -was O -detected O -between O -phenytoin B-Chemical -and O -sulthiame O -. O - -aps B-category -Interplexiform O -cells O -of O -the O -mammalian O -retina O -and O -their O -comparison O -with O -catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -retinal O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -0 O -. O -3 O -mug O -intraventricular O -dose O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -which O -is O -one O -- O -thirtieth O -of O -the O -intraperitoneal O -dose O -required O -to O -stimulate O -renin O -release O -, O -induced O -the O -release O -of O -renin O -into O -the O -systemic O -circulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypertonic O -saline O -and O -carbachol B-Chemical -suppressed O -renin O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -potassium I-Chemical -exchange O -induced O -by O -adrenomimetic O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -catecholamines B-Chemical -studied O -caused O -the O -initial O -loss O -and O -subsequent O -uptake O -of O -K O -+ O -by O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -predominant O -effect O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -is O -to O -produce O -a O -net O -accumulation O -of O -hepatic O -Na O -+ O -, O -and O -that O -the O -mechanism O -governing O -hepatic O -ion O -movements O -is O -nonadrenergic O -as O -defined O -by O -stimulation O -by O -specific O -adrenergic O -agonists O -and O -inhibition O -by O -specific O -adrenergic O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lymph O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -remained O -the O -same O -, O -the O -lymph O -potassium B-Chemical -content O -increased O -, O -the O -lymph O -pH O -decreased O -, O -and O -the O -lymph O -flow O -increased O -while O -the O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -pH O -remained O -the O -same O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1 O -) O -A O -system O -is O -described O -for O -studying O -the O -short O -- O -term O -effects O -of O -agents O -on O -proinsulin O -synthesis O -in O -vitro O -, O -as O -measured O -by O -the O -incorporation O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -into O -isolated O -proinsulin O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -3 O -) O -The O -adenyl O -cyclase O -system O -participates O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -proinsulin O -synthesis O -since O -exogenous O -cyclic O -AMP O -, O -glucagon O -, O -and O -caffeine B-Chemical -are O -stimulatory O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -4 O -) O -The O -addition O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -to O -isolated O -rat O -islets O -inhibits O -proinsulin O -and O -Bulk O -Protein O -synthesis O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -myocardial O -substrate O -utilization O -shifted O -away O -from O -FFA O -and O -towards O -lactate B-Chemical -during O -anaphylactic O -shock O -and O -these O -changes O -resembled O -those O -observed O -following O -an O -acute O -, O -severe O -hemorrhage O -, O -or O -the O -administration O -of O -E O -. O -coli O -endotoxin O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -is O -inhibited O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ion O -loss O -and O -inhibitory O -effects O -of O -salicylic O -acid O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -are O -reversed O -by O -washing O -the O -cells O -free O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -on O -K O -+ O -loss O -in O -yeast O -may O -not O -be O -unique O -for O -this O -compound O -, O -since O -no O -experiments O -of O -this O -nature O -have O -been O -done O -with O -other O -penetrating O -undissociated O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -pattern O -of O -prolactin O -was O -observed O -in O -a O -cross O -- O -sectional O -study O -in O -which O -different O -groups O -of O -intact O -animals O -were O -bled O -following O -a O -3 O -- O -min O -period O -of O -ether B-Chemical -exposure O -, O -at O -ages O -ranging O -from O -20 O -to O -70 O -daysmthe O -results O -indicate O -that O -unlike O -FSH O -secretion O -, O -prolactin O -secretion O -is O -not O -controlled O -by O -the O -seminiferous O -tubules O -. O - -aps B-category -Isophthalic O -acid O -, O -5 O -- O -carboxy O -- O -, O -5 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -, O -5 O -- O -methoxy O -- O -, O -5 O -- O -fluoro O -- O -, O -5 O -- O -bromo O -- O -, O -5 O -- O -cyano O -- O -, O -and O -5 O -- O -methylisophthalic O -acid O -were O -inhibitors O -competitive O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -for O -bovine O -liver O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparative O -study O -of O -the O -nonspecific O -pharmacodynamics O -of O -some O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -and O -minor O -tranquilizers O -during O -long O -- O -term O -treatment O -on O -the O -reactivity O -of O -the O -genital O -tract O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -X O -- O -ray O -irradiated O -mice O -with O -a O -total O -dose O -of O -800 O -R O -, O -the O -reactivity O -upon O -an O -aggressive O -agent O -( O -chloroform B-Chemical -stress O -) O -administered O -at O -various O -delays O -after O -irradiation O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -minor O -tranquilizers O -( O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -, O -barbiturates O -and O -meprobamate O -) O -induced O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -food O -intake O -of O -rats O -or O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -LSD O -as O -an O -agonist O -at O -mesolimbic O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -produced O -an O -enhanced O -stimulation O -of O -locomotor O -activity O -compared O -to O -control O -animals O -in O -rats O -injected O -bilaterally O -14 O -days O -previously O -with O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -( O -6OHDA O -) O -into O -the O -nucleus O -accumbens O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -LSD O -acts O -as O -an O -agonist O -at O -mesolimbic O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -behavioral O -effects O -of O -low O -doses O -of O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -( O -CA O -) O -synthesis O -inhibitor O -, O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -( O -alpha O -- O -MPT O -, O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -were O -studied O -in O -rats O -pretreated O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Injection O -of O -alpha O -- O -MPT O -in O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pretreated I-Chemical -rats O -inhibited O -SS O -( O -85 O -% O -decrease O -3 O -h O -after O -administration O -either O -in O -AVT O -or O -LH O -rats O -) O -, O -whereas O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -inhibition O -had O -no O -great O -effect O -on O -SS O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha O -adrenergic O -stimulating O -drugs O -, O -metaraminol O -, O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -, O -was O -found O -to O -increase O -, O -in O -vitro O -, O -immunological O -phagocytosis O -by O -mice O -peritoneal O -macrophages O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Ammoniuria O -and O -its O -relation O -to O -hydroionic O -factors O -and O -to O -the O -precoma O -situation O -in O -liver O -cirrhosis O -: O -the O -kidney O -as O -an O -excretory O -organ O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Purine O -is O -a O -fairly O -good O -substrate O -of O -XDH O -when O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -acts O -as O -acceptor O -. O - -aps B-category -XDH O -also O -catalyzes O -the O -dismutation O -of O -xanthine B-Chemical -to O -hypoxanthine O -and O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -this O -" O -glucose B-Chemical -" O -effect O -is O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -and O -appears O -related O -to O -the O -intracellular O -metabolism O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -by O -the O -anoxic O -myocardium O -. O - -aps B-category -Force O -development O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -damaged I-Chemical -frog O -heart O -muscle O -in O -cyanide O -anoxia O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -changes O -in O -pH O -there O -were O -concomitant O -changes O -in O -the O -apparent O -affinity O -of O -enzyme O -for O -substrate O -( O -S O -0 O -. O -5 O -) O -, O -such O -that O -with O -a O -decrease O -in O -pH O -there O -was O -an O -elevation O -in O -K O -+ O -- O -or O -NH4 O -+ O -- O -activated O -myosin O -' O -s O -apparent O -affinity O -for O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -( O -ATP O -) O -, O -and O -at O -the O -same O -time O -a O -decrease O -in O -Vmax O -values O -of O -myosin O -. O - -aps B-category -Distribution O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -9 O -- O -ketoreductase O -and O -NAD O -+ O -- O -dependent O -and O -NADP O -+ O -- O -dependent O -15 O -- O -hydroxyprostaglandin O -dehydrogenase O -in O -the O -renal O -cortex O -and O -medulla O -of O -various O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -species O -contained O -an O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -reductase O -, O -as O -well O -as O -NAD O -+ O -- O -and O -NADP O -+ O -- O -dependent O -dehydrogenases O -in O -both O -cortex O -and O -medulla O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -value O -and O -limits O -in O -the O -exploration O -of O -cerebral O -monoamines B-Chemical -in O -man O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -investigate O -the O -mechanism O -for O -the O -toxicity O -of O -silicate O -cement O -as O -observed O -in O -a O -cell O -culture O -system O -, O -the O -effects O -of O -pH O -and O -fluoride B-Chemical -were O -tested O -on O -human O -epithelial O -cells O -( O -NCTC O -2544 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -pH O -of O -the O -incubation O -medium O -was O -lowered O -in O -the O -range O -7 O -. O -0 O -to O -6 O -. O -4 O -, O -an O -enhanced O -cytoxic O -effect O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -was O -found O -, O -and O -even O -at O -5 O -to O -10 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -growth O -inhibition O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -Upon O -lowering O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -incubation O -medium O -from O -7 O -. O -4 O -to O -6 O -. O -7 O -a O -twofold O -increase O -in O -the O -intracellular O -concentration O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -procedure O -is O -recommended O -: O -inhalation O -of O -15 O -min O -3 O -times O -daily O -using O -an O -adequate O -aerosol O -with O -a O -powered O -nebulizer O -( O -Pari O -- O -Privat O -) O -, O -with O -2 O -- O -3 O -ml O -Tyloxapol O -carrier O -solution O -or O -saline O -with O -5 O -drops O -salbutamol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -lozenges O -, O -the O -consumption O -of O -sugarless O -chewing O -gums O -becomes O -particularly O -important O -due O -to O -their O -greater O -stimulation O -of O -saliva O -and O -buffering O -capacity O -of O -oral O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -10 O -of O -15 O -( O -66 O -per O -cent O -) O -patients O -stopped O -bleeding O -with O -conventional O -medical O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -excretion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -ions O -was O -much O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Treatment O -of O -severe O -hypertension O -with O -minoxidil B-Chemical -combined O -with O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agents O -and O -diuretics O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -adrenalectomy O -and O -administration O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -suggested O -that O -the O -influence O -of O -the O -hypothalamus O -stimulation O -on O -induction O -of O -the O -enzymes O -studied O -was O -realized O -through O -the O -system O -hypophysis O -- O -- O -adrenal O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -enzymatic O -activity O -of O -shuttle O -systems O -for O -reduction O -equivalents O -transport O -( O -malate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -, O -glycerophosphate O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -beta O -- O -hydroxybutyrate O -dehydrogenase O -) O -was O -studied O -spectrophotometrically O -in O -liver O -tissue O -of O -intact O -rabbits O -and O -animals O -with O -experimental O -atherosclerosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Sublethal O -doses O -of O -typhoid O -endotoxin O -distinctly O -increased O -the O -activities O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -histidine O -ammonium B-Chemical -lyase O -in O -liver O -tissue O -of O -mice O -within O -3 O -hrs O -and O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -transaminase O -activity O -within O -6 O -hrs O -after O -a O -single O -intraperitoneal O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Lipid O -B O -, O -isolated O -by O -a O -non O -- O -hydrolytic O -method O -, O -showed O -even O -wore O -distinct O -capacity O -to O -activate O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -histidine O -ammonium B-Chemical -lyase O -, O -but O -did O -not O -alter O -the O -activities O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -transaminase O -and O -urocaninase O -in O -liver O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -liver O -tissue O -of O -rats O -, O -a O -conventional O -laboratory O -food O -of O -which O -was O -substituted O -for O -galactose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -rich I-Chemical -food O -, O -the O -galactokinase O -activity O -was O -increased O -, O -but O -the O -glucokinase O -was O -not O -affected O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrocortisone B-Chemical -injection O -induced O -an O -increase O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -but O -the O -galactokinase O -activity O -was O -not O -altered O -. O - -aps B-category -Except O -for O -the O -liver O -tissue O -, O -galactose B-Chemical -induced O -galactokinase O -in O -eye O -crystalline O -lens O -; O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -not O -altered O -in O -spleen O -and O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -first O -three O -hours O -after O -a O -single O -administration O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -or O -morphine B-Chemical -into O -rats O -a O -marked O -increase O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -activity O -and O -content O -of O -the O -respiratory O -chain O -components O -responsible O -for O -the O -oxidation O -of O -NAD O -- O -H2 O -and O -NADP O -- O -H2 O -in O -liver O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Activities O -in O -rabbit O -heart O -mitochondria O -of O -acetoacetyl O -- O -CoA O -- O -thyolase O -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -acetyl O -CoA O -- O -synthetase O -, O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -and O -acetyl O -carnitine O -transferase O -were O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -myocarditis O -a O -distinct O -decrease O -in O -activities O -of O -the O -acetoacetyl O -- O -CoA O -- O -thyolase O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Induction O -of O -anesthesia O -with O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -in O -emergency O -surgery O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Extensive O -re O -- O -investigations O -with O -regard O -to O -the O -molar O -extinction O -coefficients O -of O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -proved O -that O -in O -future O -, O -calculations O -in O -routine O -work O -can O -be O -performed O -with O -the O -following O -much O -more O -accurate O -epsilon O -- O -values O -: O -6 O -. O -15 O -x O -10 O -( O -3 O -) O -1 O -x O -mol O -- O -1 O -x O -cm O -- O -1 O -at O -Hg O -334 O -nm O -( O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -) O -, O -6 O -. O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -3 O -) O -1 O -X O -mol O -- O -1 O -x O -cm O -- O -1 O -at O -340 O -nm O -( O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -) O -, O -3 O -. O -4 O -X O -10 O -( O -3 O -) O -1 O -X O -mol O -- O -1 O -X O -Cm O -- O -1 O -( O -NADH O -) O -and O -3 O -. O -5 O -x O -10 O -( O -3 O -) O -1 O -x O -mol O -- O -1 O -x O -cm O -- O -1 O -( O -NADPH B-Chemical -) O -at O -Hg O -365 O -nm O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -5 O -alpha O -- O -reduction O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -or O -with O -NADH O -depends O -upon O -different O -enzymes O -or O -enzyme O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Commercially O -available O -columns O -for O -ion O -exchange O -chromatography O -were O -used O -for O -the O -separation O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fluorescence O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -or O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -was O -enhanced O -, O -in O -comparison O -with O -other O -methods O -, O -by O -the O -combined O -application O -of O -boric O -acid O -, O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ions I-Chemical -, O -mercaptoethanol O -and O -final O -reacidification O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -normal O -values O -, O -determined O -in O -a O -collective O -of O -17 O -healthy O -persons O -, O -were O -adrenaline B-Chemical -( O -x O -+ O -/ O -- O -s O -) O -44 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -16 O -. O -9 O -nmol O -/ O -24 O -h O -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -x O -+ O -/ O -- O -s O -) O -224 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -68 O -. O -0 O -nmol O -/ O -24h O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Proceedings O -: O -Testosterone B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -liver O -microsomes O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Concomitantly O -the O -spontaneous O -and O -stimulated O -activity O -of O -liver O -phosphorylase O -a O -was O -found O -markedly O -reduced O -in O -advanced O -tumour O -cachexia O -, O -the O -extent O -of O -stimulation O -of O -liver O -phosphorylase O -a O -activity O -by O -intracardial O -injections O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -not O -being O -altered O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -behavior O -could O -not O -be O -shown O -for O -liver O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -liver O -fructose O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -di O -- O -phosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -regulation O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -chloroplasts O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -experiments O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -reveal O -that O -, O -in O -the O -dark O -, O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -is O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -the O -accumulation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -non O -- O -Michaelis O -- O -Menten O -- O -type O -kinetics O -suggest O -that O -the O -enzyme O -is O -stringently O -regulated O -by O -the O -ratio O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -to O -NADP O -+ O -plus O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -the O -" O -reduction O -charge O -" O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -divalent O -salts O -and O -3 O -- O -( O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dichlorophenyl O -) O -- O -1 O -, O -1 O -- O -dimethylurea O -( O -DCMU O -) O -upon O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -NADP O -) O -reduction O -and O -P700 O -in O -isolated O -chloroplasts O -are O -described O -and O -compared O -with O -the O -influence O -of O -DCMU O -on O -oxygen B-Chemical -evolution O -and O -P700 O -in O -intact O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Energy O -- O -linked O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -transhydrogenase O -activity O -in O -photosynthetically O -grown O -Rhodopseudomonas O -palustris O -. O - -aps B-category -- O -- O -Arsenate O -acts O -as O -an O -inhibitor O -and O -decreases O -preferentially O -the O -acetyl O -- O -coenzyme O -A O -- O -dependent O -and O -the O -acetyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -driven I-Chemical -reaction O -; O -whereas O -, O -oligomycin O -inhibits O -preferentially O -the O -ATP O -- O -and O -the O -acetyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Treatment O -of O -acute O -potassium B-Chemical -permanganate O -poisoning O -children O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -have O -been O -made O -on O -substrate O -specificity O -of O -acetylcholinesterase O -( O -AChE O -; O -EC O -3 O -- O -1 O -- O -1 O -- O -7 O -) O -from O -the O -electric O -organ O -of O -the O -ray O -T O -. O -marmorata O -with O -respect O -of O -choline B-Chemical -and O -thiocholine O -esters O -, O -as O -well O -as O -on O -the O -effect O -of O -pH O -, O -salts O -and O -organophosphorus B-Chemical -inhibitors O -( O -OPI O -) O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -value O -of O -k O -( O -II O -) O -sharply O -decreased O -with O -the O -increase O -in O -the O -size O -of O -the O -acyl O -radicals O -at O -phosphorus B-Chemical -atom O -in O -the O -molecule O -of O -OPI O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -both O -enzymes O -are O -inhibited O -by O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -usefulness O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -as O -the O -sole O -drug O -in O -the O -preoperative O -treatment O -of O -thyrotoxicosis O -has O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -of O -these O -showed O -good O -clinical O -response O -to O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -both O -pre O -- O -and O -postoperative O -periods O -were O -uneventful O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -were O -more O -vascular O -and O -friable O -after O -this O -therapy O -than O -after O -pretreatment O -with O -antithyroid O -drugs O -and O -thyroxine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -treatment O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -as O -a O -sole O -preoperative O -drug O -might O -be O -used O -as O -an O -alternative O -only O -in O -cases O -where O -conventional O -therapy O -is O -not O -suitable O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -NADH O -as O -cofactor O -there O -was O -a O -preferential O -3alpha O -- O -reduction O -of O -the O -C19 O -- O -and O -C21 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -steroids I-Chemical -and O -a O -preferential O -3beta O -- O -reduction O -of O -the O -C24 O -- O -and O -C27 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -steroids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Type O -A O -showed O -alkali B-Chemical -stable O -and O -acid O -labile O -and O -Type O -B O -showed O -acid O -and O -alkali B-Chemical -stable O -ATPase O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -group O -of O -55 O -allergic O -patients O -with O -hay O -fever O -, O -and O -including O -patients O -treated O -by O -complete O -placebo O -, O -the O -action O -of O -Lorazepam B-Chemical -has O -been O -studied O -from O -both O -the O -psycho O -- O -somatic O -and O -the O -allergic O -point O -of O -view O -. O - -aps B-category -Gas O -chromatographic O -analysis O -of O -short O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -non O -volatile O -organic O -acids O -revealed O -the O -presence O -of O -both O -propionic O -and O -methylmalonic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Evacuation O -of O -atmospheric O -air O -from O -glass O -tubes O -by O -flushing O -with O -pure O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -lowered O -the O -content O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -to O -about O -0 O -. O -4 O -per O -cent O -. O - -aps B-category -Evacuation O -by O -pure O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -significantly O -improved O -the O -recovery O -of O -one O -B O -. O -fragilis O -strain O -after O -24 O -hours O -of O -transportation O -and O -significantly O -impaired O -the O -recovery O -of O -Peptostreptococcus O -anaerobius O -after O -one O -hour O -of O -transportation O -, O -while O -evacuation O -by O -pure O -nitrogen B-Chemical -significantly O -improved O -the O -recovery O -of O -Peptostreptococcus O -anaerobius O -after O -24 O -hours O -of O -transportation O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -clear O -majority O -of O -women O -among O -cases O -of O -psychosis O -following O -drug O -withdrawal O -( O -15 O -as O -against O -four O -) O -and O -a O -clear O -majority O -of O -men O -among O -cases O -of O -psychosis O -following O -alcohol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -( O -nine O -as O -against O -two O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -indicates O -that O -withdrawal O -psychosis O -can O -make O -its O -debut O -or O -become O -manifest O -at O -so O -late O -a O -stage O -as O -about O -the O -14th O -day O -of O -the O -withdrawal O -phase O -following O -use O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -and O -d O -- O -propoxiphene O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -- O -- O -a O -new O -selective O -adrenergic O -beta1 O -- O -receptor O -blocking O -agent O -- O -- O -in O -mild O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -pressure O -( O -BP O -) O -and O -heart O -rate O -( O -HR O -) O -were O -significantly O -reduced O -during O -metoprolol B-Chemical -treatment O -compared O -to O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -cross O -- O -over O -study O -the O -patients O -continued O -on O -metoprolol B-Chemical -for O -more O -than O -two O -years O -, O -except O -for O -short O -periods O -on O -placebo O -or O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -between O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -as O -antihypertensive O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -differences O -were O -found O -for O -blood O -pressure O -, O -heart O -rate O -, O -body O -weight O -or O -serum O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Augmentation O -of O -myocardial O -ischemic O -damage O -occurred O -as O -a O -consequence O -of O -increasing O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -requirements O -( O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -glucagon O -, O -ouabain B-Chemical -, O -bretylium O -tosylate O -, O -tachycardia O -) O -; O -by O -decreasing O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -supply O -either O -directly O -( O -hypoxia O -, O -anemia O -) O -or O -through O -reduction O -of O -collateral O -flow O -( O -hemorrhagic O -hypotension O -, O -minoxidil B-Chemical -) O -or O -by O -decreasing O -substrate O -availability O -glycemia O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Flow O -rates O -, O -glycogen O -, O -ATP O -, O -and O -creatine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -went O -down O -during O -the O -time O -of O -ischemia O -, O -whereas O -tissue O -lactate B-Chemical -accumulated O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -group O -of O -rats O -were O -injected O -with O -adrenaline B-Chemical -for O -8 O -weeks O -to O -simulate O -chronic O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -including O -three O -different O -cardioselective O -beta O -- O -blockers O -, O -practolol O -, O -H O -87 O -/ O -07 O -and O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -was O -performed O -in O -54 O -patients O -with O -acute O -myocardial O -infarction O -and O -chest O -pain O -shortly O -after O -onset O -of O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -conceivable O -that O -knowledge O -gained O -from O -these O -conditions O -may O -stimulate O -further O -inquiry O -into O -the O -processes O -whereby O -neoplasia O -occurs O -in O -endocrine O -tissue O -and O -thus O -lead B-Chemical -the O -way O -to O -the O -development O -of O -effective O -therapy O -for O -a O -host O -of O -hormone O -- O -producing O -tumors O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -had O -steatorrhea O -and O -two O -had O -low O -serum O -folate B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -acute O -metabolic O -acidosis O -on O -parathyroid O -hormone O -action O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -mobilization O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -metabolic O -acidosis O -directly O -raised O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -augmented O -the O -effect O -of O -parathyroid O -hormone O -( O -PTH O -) O -to O -raise O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -kidney O -, O -acidosis O -directly O -inhibited O -the O -tubular O -reabsorption O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -but O -augmented O -the O -effect O -of O -PTH O -to O -increase O -tubular O -reabsorption O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolism O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -secreting O -and O -isolated O -canine O -stomach O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proportions O -of O -14C O -attributable O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -Nalpha O -- O -methylhistamine O -( O -NalphaMeH O -) O -, O -Nalpha O -, O -Nalpha O -- O -dimethylhistamine O -( O -NalphaNalphaMe2H O -) O -, O -N O -- O -telle O -- O -methylhistamine O -( O -NtauMeH O -) O -, O -imidazole O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -ImAA O -) O -, O -N O -- O -methylimidazole O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -NtauMeImAA O -) O -, O -acetylhistamine O -( O -AcH O -) O -, O -and O -histaminol O -( O -HOH O -) O -were O -defined O -using O -thin O -- O -layer O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Little O -or O -no O -ImAA O -, O -NtauMeImAA O -, O -AcH O -, O -and O -HOH O -were O -present O -in O -juice O -from O -isolated O -stomachs O -while O -they O -did O -occur O -in O -the O -juice O -from O -intact O -dogs O -, O -demonstrating O -they O -are O -extragastric O -metabolites O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Intracellular O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -of O -skeletal O -muscle O -under O -different O -metabolic O -states O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -measured O -intracellular O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -values O -and O -the O -PCO2 O -, O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -equilibrium O -potential O -and O -the O -intracellular O -pH O -were O -calculated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -intracellular O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -was O -elevated O -in O -chronic O -metabolic O -alkalosis O -, O -K O -+ O -loading O -, O -and O -Na O -+ O -depletion O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -acid O -lumen O -pH O -on O -potassium B-Chemical -transport O -in O -renal O -cortical O -collecting O -tubules O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -perfusate O -was O -lowered O -from O -7 O -. O -4 O -to O -6 O -. O -8 O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -secretion O -into O -the O -tubule O -lumen O -decreased O -by O -an O -average O -of O -47 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Transepithelial O -voltage O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -secretion O -returned O -to O -control O -values O -when O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -perfusate O -was O -raised O -to O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -negative O -voltage O -( O -presumably O -caused O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -absorption O -out O -of O -the O -lumen O -) O -is O -increased O -under O -these O -conditions O -, O -possibly O -because O -of O -reduction O -of O -a O -smaller O -counterbalancing O -positive O -voltage O -caused O -by O -potassium B-Chemical -secretion O -into O -the O -lumen O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -find O -several O -conditions O -necessary O -for O -this O -effect O -: O -1 O -) O -anoxia O -; O -2 O -) O -serosal O -pH O -less O -than O -7 O -. O -1 O -; O -3 O -) O -presence O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -; O -and O -4 O -) O -a O -PD O -, O -either O -spontaneous O -or O -voltage O -clamped O -, O -which O -changes O -across O -the O -region O -of O -10 O -mV O -, O -serosal O -positive O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -protease O -inhibitor O -( O -trasylol O -) O -and O -heparin B-Chemical -in O -cardiorespiratory O -resuscitation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -group O -II O -oxygen B-Chemical -was O -given O -for O -respiration O -, O -heart O -massage O -was O -applied O -, O -cardiac O -, O -vasoactive O -and O -alkalinizing O -drugs O -were O -given O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -fluorometric O -method O -for O -the O -kinetic O -assay O -of O -indole B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Porcine O -malignant O -hyperthermia O -induced O -by O -halothane B-Chemical -and O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -: O -failure O -of O -treatment O -with O -procaine B-Chemical -or O -procainamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -overall O -response O -in O -susceptible O -swine O -was O -fulminant O -, O -in O -that O -it O -involved O -the O -rapid O -onset O -of O -SCh O -- O -induced O -MH O -combined O -with O -the O -more O -severe O -metabolic O -, O -endocrine O -, O -and O -cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -MH O -. O - -aps B-category -Utilizing O -similar O -measurements O -, O -procaine B-Chemical -or O -procainamide B-Chemical -was O -used O -in O -20 O -susceptible O -swine O -in O -attempts O -to O -prevent O -MH O -initiated O -by O -halothane B-Chemical -, O -SCh O -, O -or O -both O -. O - -aps B-category -Sone O -strains O -of O -Klebsiella O -pneumoniae O -and O -K O -. O -oxytoca O -grown O -on O -nutrient O -agar O -may O -appear O -" O -urease O -negative O -" O -in O -a O -Ferguson O -type O -reagent O -medium O -after O -a O -24 O -h O -incubation O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Amongst O -such O -147 O -so O -called O -urease O -negative O -strains O -, O -urease O -has O -been O -detected O -within O -a O -few O -hours O -in O -79 O -strains O -, O -when O -bacteria O -have O -grown O -on O -media O -containing O -carbohydrates O -( O -Kligler O -iron B-Chemical -agar O -, O -Drigalski O -lactose O -agar O -, O -SS O -agar O -and O -Worfel O -- O -Ferguson O -sucrose B-Chemical -medium O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -temperature O -, O -pH O -, O -volumetric O -oxygen B-Chemical -transfer O -coefficient O -, O -K1a O -, O -and O -aeration O -number O -, O -Ia O -, O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -microorganism O -has O -been O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethanol O -and O -galactose B-Chemical -metabolism O -as O -influenced O -by O -4 O -- O -methylpyrazole O -in O -alcoholics O -with O -and O -without O -nutritional O -deficiencies O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -2 O -other O -alcoholic O -subjects O -, O -who O -reported O -poor O -nutritional O -intake O -, O -intermediate O -rates O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -elimination O -were O -observed O -and O -4 O -- O -MP O -had O -almost O -no O -effect O -on O -ethanol B-Chemical -or O -galactose B-Chemical -elimination O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -liver O -damage O -produced O -by O -alcohol B-Chemical -abuse O -is O -believed O -to O -be O -related O -to O -changes O -from O -the O -normal O -redox O -state O -caused O -by O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -these O -results O -may O -explain O -why O -alcoholic O -liver O -damage O -is O -uncommon O -in O -alcoholics O -living O -on O -a O -marginal O -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymes O -of O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -invertebrate O -and O -vertebrate O -sperm O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -NADP O -- O -specific O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -from O -pig O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fundamental O -theory O -of O -operation O -is O -tested O -and O -some O -basic O -parameters O -of O -growth O -are O -estimated O -using O -Escherichia O -coli O -B O -growing O -continuously O -in O -media O -containing O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -glycerol O -or O -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -this O -cleavage O -was O -catalysed O -by O -a O -formate O -hydrogen B-Chemical -lyase O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -sialic O -acid O -on O -ionization O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -phenomenon O -was O -interpreted O -as O -a O -result O -of O -lowered O -hydrophilia O -of O -these O -regions O -of O -the O -thyroglobulin O -molecule O -which O -contains O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -its O -iodinated O -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -biological O -effects O -in O -rat O -of O -high O -doses O -of O -two O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloroquinoline I-Chemical -derivatives O -: O -chloroquine B-Chemical -and O -glafenine O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -do O -not O -appear O -to O -be O -due O -to O -the O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloroquinoline I-Chemical -structure O -from O -which O -glafenine O -is O -derived O -, O -as O -they O -are O -not O -observed O -with O -the O -structural O -analogue O -chloroquine B-Chemical -given O -at O -equimolar O -doses O -under O -the O -same O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -) O -After O -intraperitoneal O -injection O -of O -labeled O -CCl4 B-Chemical -, O -CHCl3 B-Chemical -, O -and O -halothane B-Chemical -in O -mice O -, O -14C O -is O -preferentially O -bound O -to O -liver O -endoplasmic O -protein O -and O -lipid O -. O - -aps B-category -Lipid O -binding O -: O -CCl4 B-Chemical -: O -6 O -. O -4 O -( O -5 O -min O -) O -; O -CHCl3 B-Chemical -: O -8 O -( O -4 O -hrs O -) O -; O -halothane B-Chemical -: O -13 O -. O -5 O -( O -2 O -hrs O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Anerobic O -incubation O -favored O -dehalogenation O -, O -but O -CHCl3 B-Chemical -metabolism O -and O -irreversible O -binding O -requires O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -) O -Altered O -microsomal O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -concentrations O -in O -newborn O -animals O -, O -or O -produced O -by O -pretreatment O -of O -rats O -with O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -, O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -( O -MC O -) O -, O -or O -CoCl2 O -effected O -similar O -, O -but O -not O -proportional O -changes O -in O -the O -rates O -of O -irreversible O -protein O -and O -lipid O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -small O -accleration O -in O -irreversible O -binding O -in O -liver O -microsomes O -from O -rats O -pretreated O -with O -isopropanol O -is O -not O -proportional O -to O -the O -high O -increase O -of O -CCl4 B-Chemical -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -haloalkanes O -produced O -a O -similar O -increase O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidation O -in O -incubates O -of O -rabbit O -liver O -microsomes O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -- O -Phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenase O -from O -rabbit O -mammary O -gland O -was O -purified O -to O -homogeneity O -by O -the O -criterion O -of O -polyacrylamide O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -properties O -of O -N O -- O -( O -3 O -- O -carboxypropionyl O -) O -aminodecyl O -- O -sepharose O -and O -its O -interaction O -with O -wheat O -- O -germ O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamoylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Desorption O -of O -the O -enzyme O -adsorbed O -to O -CPAD O -- O -Sepharose O -can O -be O -achieved O -by O -raising O -the O -pH O -to O -increase O -the O -electrostatic O -repulsion O -, O -or O -by O -introducing O -the O -detergent O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -chicken O -pepsin O -was O -partially O -inhibited O -by O -dimethyl O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -5 O -- O -nitrobenzyl O -) O -sulphonium O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -but O -was O -unaffected O -by O -p O -- O -bromophenacyl O -bromide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -MgGTP O -and O -MgITP O -can O -replace O -MgATP O -as O -phosphate B-Chemical -donors O -but O -, O -unlike O -MgATP O -, O -these O -nucleotides O -do O -not O -cause O -significant O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -disulfiram B-Chemical -on O -the O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -of O -sheep O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Disulfiram B-Chemical -causes O -an O -immediate O -inhibition O -of O -the O -enzyme O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Excess O -of O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -or O -GSH O -abolishes O -the O -effect O -of O -disulfiram B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -the O -mixed O -disulphide O -, O -Et2N O -- O -CS O -- O -SS O -- O -CH2 O -- O -CH2OH O -, O -strongly O -inhibits O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -reporter O -group O -delivery O -system O -with O -both O -absolute O -and O -selective O -specificity O -for O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -and O -an O -improved O -fluorescent O -probe O -containing O -the O -7 O -- O -nitrobenzo O -- O -2 O -- O -oxa O -- O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -diazole O -moiety O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -electronic O -absorption O -spectrum O -of O -compound O -( O -I O -) O -was O -determined O -over O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -pH O -and O -the O -spectral O -changes O -that O -accompany O -its O -reaction O -with O -low O -- O -molecular O -- O -weight O -thiols B-Chemical -, O -e O -. O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectral O -analysis O -of O -the O -reactions O -of O -compound O -( O -I O -) O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -and O -with O -papain O -( O -in O -the O -pH O -range O -3 O -. O -5 O -- O -8 O -. O -0 O -) O -showed O -that O -even O -under O -equimolar O -conditions O -the O -reaction O -( O -thiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -disulphide I-Chemical -interchange O -to O -release O -Py O -- O -2 O -- O -SH O -) O -is O -essentially O -stoicheimoetric O -and O -probably O -proceeds O -by O -specific O -attack O -at O -the O -sulphur O -atom O -distal O -from O -the O -pyridyl O -ring O -of O -compound O -( O -I O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -- O -order O -rate O -constants O -( O -k2 O -) O -for O -the O -reactions O -of O -compound O -( O -I O -) O -and O -of O -Nbd O -chloride B-Chemical -with O -GSH O -, O -papain O -, O -albumin O -, O -ficin O -, O -2 O -- O -benzimidazolylmethanethiol O -and O -2 O -- O -benzimidazolylethanethiol O -were O -determined O -at O -25 O -. O -0 O -degrees O -C O -and O -various O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -k2 O -profiles O -for O -the O -reactions O -of O -compound O -( O -I O -) O -and O -of O -Nbd O -chloride B-Chemical -with O -the O -two O -2 O -- O -benzimidazolylalkanethiols O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Arrhenius O -plots O -of O -a O -membrane O -( O -Na O -+ O -+ O -K O -+ O -) O -- O -dependent O -ATPase O -( O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -) O -activity O -showed O -characteristic O -discontinuities O -, O -whereas O -those O -of O -the O -associated O -K O -+ O -- O -dependent O -phosphatase O -activity O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -liver O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -inhibited O -by O -aromatic O -chelating O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -catalytic O -activity O -of O -phosvitin O -in O -Fe O -( O -II O -) O -oxidation O -and O -the O -addition O -of O -iron B-Chemical -to O -transferrin O -were O -studied O -under O -various O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -scheme O -for O -the O -mobilization O -and O -transfer O -of O -iron B-Chemical -in O -the O -chicken O -, O -including O -the O -role O -of O -ferroxidase O -, O -phosyitin O -and O -transferrin O -, O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -potassium B-Chemical -glutamate B-Chemical -was O -inhibitory O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -the O -interconversion O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -ternary O -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -results O -show O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -intermediate O -which O -occurs O -immediately O -after O -the O -hydride O -transfer O -step O -, O -but O -before O -the O -dissociation O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -the O -H O -+ O -produced O -by O -the O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -single O -- O -turnover O -pyruvate B-Chemical -reduction O -by O -pig O -heart O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -at O -pH8 O -. O -0 O -pyruvate B-Chemical -can O -bind O -to O -the O -enzyme O -before O -a O -H O -+ O -is O -taken O -up O -, O -and O -the O -subsequent O -uptake O -of O -a O -H O -+ O -is O -governed O -by O -a O -step O -that O -is O -also O -rate O -- O -limiting O -for O -single O -- O -turnover O -and O -steady O -- O -state O -NADH O -oxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -studies O -on O -single O -- O -turnover O -pyruvate B-Chemical -reduction O -carried O -out O -in O -2H2O O -, O -or O -in O -water O -at O -low O -temperature O -, O -show O -another O -step O -which O -, O -under O -these O -conditions O -, O -is O -slower O -than O -that O -controlling O -H O -+ O -uptake O -and O -rate O -- O -limiting O -for O -NADH O -oxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -Actions O -of O -phenothiazine O -analogues O -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -neuronal O -and O -glial O -- O -enriched O -fractions O -from O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Physico O -- O -chemical O -, O -spectroscopic O -( O -UV O -, O -IR O -, O -NMR O -, O -mass O -) O -, O -chromatographic O -( O -GLC O -, O -TLC O -) O -properties O -and O -synthesis O -of O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -bis O -( O -2 O -- O -ethylhexyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hexahydropyrimidine I-Chemical -( O -hexetidine O -) O -are O -reported O -and O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Owing O -to O -the O -radicals O -at O -the O -basic O -nitrogen B-Chemical -atoms O -, O -these O -compounds O -should O -exist O -in O -appreciable O -amounts O -both O -as O -base O -and O -as O -diammonium O -ion O -at O -biological O -pH O -' O -s O -. O - -aps B-category -27 O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -were O -anesthetized O -with O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -a O -regression O -analysis O -, O -the O -following O -relationships O -were O -obtained O -: O -1 O -. O -animals O -injected O -with O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -magnesium I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -pHa O -= O -- O -- O -0 O -. O -75 O -log O -PaCO2 O -+ O -8 O -. O -535 O -, O -PHi O -= O -- O -- O -0 O -. O -30 O -log O -PaCO2 O -+ O -7 O -. O -509 O -, O -pHi O -= O -0 O -. O -41 O -pHa O -+ O -4 O -. O -036 O -; O -2 O -. O -control O -animals O -pHa O -= O -- O -- O -0 O -. O -59 O -log O -PaCO2 O -+ O -8 O -. O -308 O -, O -pHi O -= O -- O -- O -0 O -. O -27 O -log O -PaCO2 O -+ O -7 O -. O -381 O -, O -pHi O -= O -0 O -. O -47 O -pHa O -+ O -3 O -. O -503 O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -properties O -of O -2 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -chloro O -- O -p O -- O -toluidino O -) O -- B-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -imidazoline I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrate I-Chemical -( O -tolonidine O -) O -, O -a O -new O -antihypertensive O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -studies O -of O -diuresis O -, O -liquid O -and O -salt B-Chemical -loss O -were O -observed O -in O -the O -cat O -, O -not O -in O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -decrease O -in O -the O -release O -of O -cerebral O -amines B-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -by O -tolonidine O -is O -proposed O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -close O -resemblance O -of O -the O -pharmacological O -properties O -of O -tolonidine O -and O -clonidine B-Chemical -was O -established O -due O -to O -the O -chemical O -relationship O -between O -the O -two O -substances O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -also O -show O -that O -the O -reduction O -of O -the O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -was O -in O -a O -limited O -time O -observed O -only O -in O -patients O -treated O -with O -100 O -mg O -oxytetracycline O -a O -day O -p O -. O -o O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Influence O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -on O -the O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -drug O -release O -from O -some O -sustained O -release O -tablets O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurements O -of O -the O -serum O -bilirubin B-Chemical -concentration O -showed O -the O -most O -frequent O -abnormalities O -, O -but O -the O -pseudocholinesterase O -concentration O -decreased O -progressively O -after O -intra O -- O -abdominal O -surgery O -and O -b O -. O -s O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -pH O -changes O -upon O -the O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -properties O -of O -transferrin O -was O -investigated O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -chelating O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -temporary O -reduction O -of O -pH O -provides O -a O -simple O -method O -for O -selectively O -attaching O -iron B-Chemical -to O -one O -metal O -- O -binding O -site O -, O -and O -allows O -double O -isotopic O -labelling O -of O -the O -transferrin O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -Creatinine B-Chemical -levels O -were O -measured O -in O -the O -amniotic O -fluid O -in O -five O -of O -these O -patients O -and O -showed O -no O -significant O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -equivalent O -dosages O -, O -nalorphine O -increased O -maternal O -pCO2 O -more O -than O -pethidine B-Chemical -and O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -solution O -conformation O -of O -bradykinin B-Chemical -and O -certain O -fragments O -. O - -aps B-category -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -L O -- O -phenylalaninamide O -, O -support O -our O -previous O -conclusion O -( O -Biochemistry O -12 O -, O -3780 O -, O -1973 O -) O -that O -the O -positive O -221 O -- O -nm O -CD O -band O -of O -bradykinin B-Chemical -is O -a O -composite O -of O -bands O -due O -to O -two O -chromophores O -, O -the O -217 O -- O -nm O -band O -characteristic O -of O -the O -Phe O -residues O -overlying O -the O -223 O -- O -nm O -band O -of O -the O -N O -- O -terminal O -sequence O -, O -Arg O -- O -Pro O -- O -Pro O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activation O -of O -ribulose O -- O -1 O -, O -5 O -- O -bisphosphate O -carboxylase O -by O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Electron O -paramagnetic O -resonance O -and O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -studies O -of O -enzyme O -- O -bound O -manganese O -( O -II O -) O -with O -substrates O -and O -a O -potential O -transition O -- O -state O -analogue O -, O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfoximine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -rapidly O -exchanging O -water O -molecules O -drops O -from O -2 O -to O -approximately O -0 O -. O -1 O -when O -saturating O -concentrations O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -( O -SR O -) O -- O -sulfoximine O -and O -nucleotide B-Chemical -are O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -( O -SR O -) O -- O -sulfoximine O -is O -a O -" O -transition O -- O -state O -" O -analogue O -for O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -linear O -free O -energy O -relationship O -with O -a O -slope O -of O -0 O -. O -94 O -describes O -an O -increased O -reactivity O -of O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -for O -sulfite O -as O -the O -affinity O -of O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -for O -sulfite O -increases O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -enzyme O -that O -oxidizes O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -to O -acidic O -metabolites O -has O -been O -purified O -from O -postmortem O -human O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -were O -oxidized O -at O -rates O -that O -were O -10 O -% O -or O -less O -of O -DOC O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -behavior O -of O -the O -photosynthetic O -cytochrome O -c552 O -upon O -titration O -with O -alkali B-Chemical -depends O -on O -the O -ionic O -composition O -of O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -media O -two O -successive O -steps O -are O -observed O -: O -in O -the O -first O -one O -, O -completed O -at O -about O -pH O -10 O -. O -3 O -, O -a O -high O -- O -spin O -form O -of O -cytochrome O -c O -552 O -is O -obtained O -and O -relatively O -small O -fluorescence O -enhancement O -is O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -high O -- O -spin O -alkaline O -form O -, O -the O -methionine B-Chemical -ligand O -is O -probably O -displaced O -from O -iron B-Chemical -coordination O -by O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -ions O -, O -while O -in O -the O -low O -- O -spin O -alkaline O -form O -methionine B-Chemical -may O -be O -replaced O -by O -a O -lysyl O -residue O -of O -the O -cytochrome O -c O -552 O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -primary O -effect O -on O -the O -fluorescence O -intensity O -is O -due O -to O -an O -interaction O -between O -the O -nonbonding O -electrons O -of O -the O -thioether O -, O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bonding I-Chemical -, O -polar O -solvent O -, O -and O -the O -isoalloxazine O -ring O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fluorescence O -properties O -provide O -further O -confirmation O -of O -the O -identity O -of O -the O -synthetic O -and O -naturally O -obtained O -flavinyl O -peptides O -and O -of O -the O -interaction O -between O -the O -free B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyl I-Chemical -functions O -of O -the O -ribityl O -side O -chain O -and O -the O -thioether O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -sensitive O -to O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -( O -1 O -mM O -) O -, O -heparin B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -muM O -) O -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -( O -5 O -% O -) O -, O -pyrophosphate O -( O -0 O -. O -05 O -muM O -) O -, O -and O -o O -- O -phenanthroline O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -) O -but O -is O -insensitive O -to O -rifamycin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymatic O -synthesis O -, O -on O -a O -micromole O -scale O -, O -of O -the O -flavin O -coenzyme O -analogues O -5 O -- O -deazariboflavin O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -deazaFMN O -) O -and O -5 O -- O -deazariboflavin O -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphate O -, O -5 O -' O -leads O -to O -5 O -' O -adenosine B-Chemical -ester O -( O -deazaFAD O -) O -has O -been O -achieved O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -the O -C O -- O -5 O -position O -of O -the O -deazaflavins O -is O -demonstrated O -to O -be O -the O -locus O -for O -hydrogen B-Chemical -transfer O -in O -deazaflavin O -redox O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrofocusing O -and O -kinetic O -studies O -of O -adult O -and O -embryonic O -chicken O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinases O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -major O -forms O -of O -the O -enzymes O -are O -compared O -with O -respect O -to O -saturation O -by O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -effector O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -fructose O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphate O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -serine O -, O -phenylalanine O -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -, O -and O -/ O -or O -Mg O -- O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -this O -enzyme O -, O -both O -riboflavin B-Chemical -and O -deazariboflavin O -show O -the O -same O -stereospecificity O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -, O -and O -despite O -a O -large O -difference O -in O -Vmax O -for O -the O -two O -, O -both O -have O -the O -same O -rate O -- O -determining O -step O -( O -hydrogen B-Chemical -transfer O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -DeazaFMN O -reconstituted O -yeast O -NADPH B-Chemical -: O -( O -acceptor O -) O -oxidoreductase O -( O -Old O -Yellow O -Enzyme O -) O -, O -and O -deazaFAD O -reconstituted O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -: O -O2 O -oxidoreductase O -and O -Aspergillus O -niger O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -O2 O -oxidoreductase O -are O -all O -reduced O -by O -substrate O -at O -approximately O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -the O -rate O -of O -holoenzyme O -; O -none O -are O -reoxidized O -by O -oxygen B-Chemical -or O -any O -of O -the O -tested O -artificial O -electron O -acceptors O -, O -though O -deazaFADH O -- O -bound O -to O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -: O -O2 O -oxidoreductase O -is O -rapidly O -oxidized O -by O -the O -imino O -acid O -product O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydroxylase O -activity O -was O -inpendent O -upon O -NADPH B-Chemical -( O -neither O -NADH O -nor O -combination O -of O -NADH O -, O -NADP O -+ O -and O -ATP O -served O -as O -substitutes O -) O -and O -O2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -membrane O -- O -bound O -hydroxylase O -was O -solubilized O -by O -treatment O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -cholate B-Chemical -, O -Renex O -- O -30 O -, O -or O -Lubrol O -- O -WX O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -established O -that O -the O -methionine B-Chemical -residues O -of O -the O -protein O -have O -been O -specifically O -converted O -to O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfoxide O -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absorbance O -spectrum O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfoxide O -ferricytochrome O -c O -at O -neutrality O -is O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -the O -unmodified O -protein O -except O -for O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -extinction O -coefficient O -of O -the O -Soret O -absorbance O -band O -and O -for O -the O -complete O -loss O -of O -the O -ligand O -sensitive O -695 O -nm O -absorbance O -band O -in O -the O -spectrum O -of O -the O -derivative O -. O - -aps B-category -Circular O -dichroism O -spectra O -indicate O -that O -the O -heme O -crevice O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfoxide O -ferri O -- O -and O -ferrocytochrome O -c O -is O -weakened O -relative O -to O -native O -cytochrome O -c O -. O -The O -redox O -potential O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfoxide O -cytochrome O -c O -is O -184 O -mV O -which O -is O -markedly O -diminished O -from O -the O -260 O -mV O -redox O -potential O -of O -native O -cytochrome O -c O -. O -The O -modified O -protein O -is O -equivalent O -to O -native O -cytochrome O -c O -as O -a O -substrate O -for O -cytochrome O -oxidase O -and O -is O -not O -autoxidizable O -at O -neutral O -pH O -but O -is O -virtually O -inactive O -with O -succinate O -- O -cytochrome O -c O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -indicators O -bromothymol O -blue O -, O -bromophenol O -blue O -, O -and O -phenol B-Chemical -red O -were O -used O -to O -monitor O -pH O -changes O -associated O -with O -the O -monomer O -- O -dimer O -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biochemical O -properties O -of O -the O -electrically O -excitable O -sodium B-Chemical -channels O -in O -the O -electroplaque O -of O -Electrophorus O -electricus O -were O -investigated O -using O -tritiated O -tetrodotoxin O -( O -TTX O -) O -as O -a O -specific O -membrane O -probe O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -the O -membranes O -with O -trimethyloxonium O -tetrafluoroborate O -, O -a O -carboxyl O -group O -modifying O -reagent O -, O -resulted O -in O -an O -irreversible O -loss O -in O -the O -binding O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -TTX O -, O -which O -could O -be O -prevented O -by O -low O -concentrations O -of O -TTX O -or O -saxitoxin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -possible O -role O -for O -this O -site O -in O -the O -ion O -selectivity O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -channel O -is O -proposed O -. O - -aps B-category -Tyrosine O -residues O -in O -A1 O -and O -in O -B O -subunits O -are O -readily O -iodinated O -, O -but O -the O -intact O -B O -assembly O -does O -not O -react O -with O -iodine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Except O -for O -replacement O -of O -met B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluoride I-Chemical -by O -azide O -, O -all O -replacements O -can O -be O -explained O -by O -a O -dissociative O -mechanism O -via O -the O -aquated O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -lobster O -myosin O -only O -formed O -short O -, O -dumbbell O -- O -shaped O -filaments O -0 O -. O -2 O -- O -0 O -. O -3 O -mum O -long O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -cholera O -toxin O -treatment O -did O -not O -change O -the O -Km O -relative O -to O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -NaF O -inhibition O -of O -cholera O -toxin O -- O -stimulated O -activity O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -a O -direct O -interaction O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -on O -the O -stimulated O -cyclase O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ferredoxin I-Chemical -oxidoreductases O -have O -been O -studied O -in O -Clostridium O -acetobutylicum O -, O -Cl O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -these O -Clostridia O -use O -glycolysis O -, O -regulation O -of O -the O -NADH O -- O -ferredoxin O -oxidoreductase O -by O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -( O -obligatory O -activator O -of O -NADH O -- O -ferroxin O -reductase O -activity O -) O -and O -by O -NADH O -( O -competitive O -inhibitor O -of O -ferredoxin O -- O -NAD O -+ O -reductase O -activity O -) O -allow O -the O -enzymes O -to O -function O -correlatively O -with O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -thus O -control O -the O -levels O -of O -NAD O -+ O -and O -NADH O -in O -the O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -Clostridium O -, O -regulation O -of O -the O -ferredoxin O -- O -NADP O -+ O -reductase O -activity O -is O -the O -same O -whether O -it O -is O -grown O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -or O -pyruvate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -mitochondria O -purified O -by O -centrifugation O -on O -a O -sucrose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -density I-Chemical -gradient O -this O -activity O -is O -virtually O -absent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -is O -5 O -. O -8 O -in O -presence O -of O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -and O -is O -shifted O -to O -4 O -. O -2 O -when O -EDTA O -is O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -ester O -hydrolase O -from O -human O -aortic O -intima O -and O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -pH O -optima O -of O -4 O -. O -5 O -- O -5 O -. O -0 O -and O -7 O -. O -0 O -- O -7 O -. O -5 O -were O -consistently O -observed O -for O -the O -partially O -purified O -cholesterol B-Chemical -ester O -hydrolase O -of O -human O -aortic O -intima O -and O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -contrary O -, O -reaction O -products O -, O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -were O -much O -more O -inhibitory O -on O -the O -acid O -enzymes O -than O -on O -the O -neutral O -ones O -. O - -aps B-category -Lipogenesis O -was O -measured O -in O -liver O -slices O -incubated O -with O -[ O -2 O -- O -14C O -] O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -[ O -1 O -- O -14C O -] O -acetate O -, O -or O -3H2O O -. O - -aps B-category -Maternal O -fasting O -decreased O -fetal O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesys O -by O -50 O -% O -when O -measured O -with O -14C O -and O -less O -than O -10 O -% O -when O -measured O -with O -3H2O O -. O - -aps B-category -Corn B-Chemical -oil I-Chemical -feeding O -or O -fasting O -increased O -the O -rate O -of O -transfer O -of O -linoleate O -from O -the O -dam O -to O -the O -fetus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -at O -which O -ribosomes O -are O -able O -to O -incorporate O -radioactive O -leucine B-Chemical -into O -proteins O -( O -[ O -14C O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -incorporation O -/ O -10 O -min O -/ O -100 O -mug O -rRNA O -) O -and O -the O -number O -of O -growing O -peptide O -chains O -[ O -3H O -] O -puromycinpeptides O -formed O -/ O -100 O -mug O -rRNA O -) O -was O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1 O -) O -Changes O -of O -the O -holding O -potential O -applied O -to O -the O -membrane O -of O -myelinated O -nerve O -fibres O -induced O -slow O -variations O -of O -the O -peak O -sodium B-Chemical -current O -, O -which O -are O -super O -- O -imposed O -on O -the O -effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -3 O -) O -Changes O -of O -extracellular O -pH O -cause O -a O -rapid O -change O -of O -the O -peak O -sodium B-Chemical -current O -followed O -by O -a O -slow O -variation O -as O -observed O -after O -changes O -of O -the O -holding O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -5 O -) O -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -effects O -which O -are O -ascribed O -to O -the O -action O -of O -agents O -on O -individual O -sodium B-Chemical -channels O -have O -to O -be O -corrected O -for O -variations O -in O -the O -number O -of O -available O -channels O -if O -these O -agents O -influence O -the O -intrinsic O -membrane O -potential O -, O -e O -. O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -types O -of O -complexes O -were O -identified O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -nuclear O -hyperfine O -structure O -: O -B O -' O -= O -where O -two O -purine B-Chemical -molecules O -were O -bound O -to O -iron B-Chemical -via O -N O -- O -7 O -in O -the O -imidazole O -ring O -; O -B O -' O -' O -= O -where O -two O -mercapto O -- O -base O -molecules O -were O -bound O -to O -iron B-Chemical -via O -S O -- O -; O -B O -' O -' O -' O -= O -where O -one O -mercapto O -- O -base O -molecule O -was O -bound O -to O -iron B-Chemical -via O -S O -- O -and O -another O -via O -pyrimidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -; O -B O -* O -= O -where O -two O -pyrimidine O -molecules O -were O -bound O -to O -iron B-Chemical -via O -pyrimidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -four O -proteoglycans O -in O -terms O -of O -their O -interactions O -with O -poly O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -treatment O -of O -a O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -, O -in O -addition O -to O -substrate O -and O -microbial O -concentrations O -as O -state O -variables O -, O -results O -in O -a O -third O -order O -system O -of O -equations O -describing O -the O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -M1 O -cells O -and O -macrophages O -differentiated O -from O -them O -exhibited O -similar O -levels O -of O -sn O -- O -glycerol O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acylating I-Chemical -activity O -, O -which O -were O -approximately O -one O -- O -half O -that O -in O -mouse O -liver O -and O -approximately O -four O -times O -that O -in O -peritoneal O -macrophages O -. O - -aps B-category -That O -a O -standard O -oxyhaemoglobin O -dissociation O -curve O -faithfully O -describes O -oxygen B-Chemical -loading O -and O -unloading O -both O -in O -healthy O -subjects O -and O -in O -those O -suffering O -from O -pathological O -process O -has O -come O -under O -attack O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -measurements O -, O -the O -various O -water O -spaces O -are O -calculated O -: O -total O -water O -( O -ET O -) O -and O -extracellular O -fluids O -( O -LEC O -) O -, O -also O -exchangeable O -electrolytes O -: O -sodium B-Chemical -( O -NaE O -) O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -( O -KE O -) O -, O -chlorine O -( O -ClE O -) O -and O -derived O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -no O -real O -potassium B-Chemical -depletion O -in O -most O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -in O -biliary O -fistulated O -adult O -rats O -pretreated O -orally O -with O -different O -doses O -of O -paracetamol B-Chemical -( O -APAP B-Chemical -) O -for O -varying O -time O -intervals O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Administration O -of O -either O -0 O -. O -5 O -or O -1 O -g O -/ O -kg O -APAP B-Chemical -18 O -h O -before O -BSP O -caused O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -inhibition O -of O -the O -choleretic O -effect O -of O -BSP O -and O -of O -the O -60 O -min O -cumulative O -excretion O -of O -the O -dye O -, O -but O -conversely O -, O -produced O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -liver O -and O -plasma O -concentrations O -of O -35S O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -In O -rats O -given O -single O -doses O -of O -1 O -g O -/ O -kg O -APAP B-Chemical -, O -the O -hepatic O -uptake O -of O -the O -dye O -was O -significantly O -increased O -during O -the O -early O -stages O -of O -intoxication O -, O -while O -the O -opposite O -effect O -was O -observed O -at O -late O -periods O -. O - -aps B-category -8 O -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -hepatic O -uptake O -, O -metabolism O -and O -excretion O -of O -BSP O -are O -reversibly O -impaired O -following O -APAP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -liver O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -The O -shift O -to O -the O -right O -induced O -by O -piperoxan O -and O -yohimbine B-Chemical -on O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -was O -analysed O -with O -the O -Schild O -plot O -, O -and O -the O -slopes O -obtained O -, O -around O -0 O -. O -3 O -, O -were O -lower O -than O -expected O -from O -receptor O -theory O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -The O -increase O -in O -maximum O -response O -to O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -induced O -by O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockers O -was O -dependent O -on O -the O -time O -of O -incubation O -, O -on O -the O -dose O -of O -antagonist O -, O -and O -on O -the O -initial O -height O -of O -responses O -to O -the O -agonist O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -The O -findings O -are O -explained O -in O -terms O -of O -receptor O -theory O -as O -being O -due O -to O -a O -dual O -effect O -of O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonists O -; O -competitive O -antagonism O -proper O -, O -which O -may O -be O -disclosed O -after O -blockade O -of O -neuronal O -uptake O -, O -and O -an O -interaction O -at O -a O -different O -locus O -, O -which O -results O -in O -potentiation O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -The O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -for O -the O -pressor O -action O -of O -Wy O -20051 O -was O -potentiated O -in O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -anaesthetized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -Wy O -20051 O -- O -induced O -constrictor O -responses O -of O -the O -perfused O -mesentery O -were O -unaffected O -by O -blockade O -of O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -or O -by O -tachyphylaxis O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -8 O -Wy O -20051 O -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -KCl O -, O -evoked O -constrictor O -responses O -in O -the O -depolarized O -rat O -mesenteric O -vasculature O -. O - -aps B-category -Electroconvulsive O -shock O -increases O -the O -behavioural O -responses O -of O -rats O -to O -brain O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -accumulation O -and O -central O -nervous O -system O -stimulant O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -A O -single O -ECS O -decreased O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -synthesis O -3 O -h O -and O -6 O -h O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -that O -a O -single O -electroshock O -does O -not O -alter O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -functional O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -displayed O -greater O -hyperactivity O -than O -control O -rats O -not O -treated O -with O -ECS O -, O -suggesting O -that O -ECS O -increases O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -functional O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -synthesis O -and O -accumulation O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -following O -tranylcypromine B-Chemical -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -were O -not O -altered O -by O -ECS O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -Repeated O -ECS O -enhanced O -locomotor O -activity O -following O -tranylcypromine B-Chemical -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -The O -latent O -period O -before O -a O -pentylenetetrazol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -convulsion O -was O -shortened O -by O -repeated O -ECS O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -it O -is O -unlikely O -that O -any O -defect O -in O -O O -- O -methylation O -which O -may O -occur O -in O -schizophrenia O -can O -be O -attributed O -to O -a O -change O -in O -the O -intrinsic O -properties O -of O -erythrocyte O -catechol B-Chemical -O O -- O -methyltransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -effects O -of O -chronic O -nicotine B-Chemical -administration O -( O -1 O -or O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -, O -twice O -daily O -) O -were O -studied O -in O -intact O -and O -denervated O -rat O -adrenal O -glands O -to O -determine O -the O -relative O -roles O -of O -central O -input O -and O -direct O -actions O -on O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Catecholamine B-Chemical -depletion O -was O -accompanied O -by O -a O -decline O -in O -functional O -storage O -vesicles O -( O -determined O -by O -[ O -3H O -] O -- B-Chemical -adrenaline I-Chemical -uptake O -per O -gland O -) O -in O -the O -intact O -side O -, O -while O -no O -change O -was O -seen O -in O -the O -denervated O -side O -; O -the O -proportion O -of O -newly O -synthesized O -vesicles O -increased O -markedly O -during O -1 O -- O -7 O -days O -of O -treatment O -with O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -in O -the O -intact O -side O -, O -while O -a O -much O -smaller O -increase O -of O -shorter O -duration O -was O -seen O -in O -the O -denervated O -adrenal O -gland O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -Dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -levels O -increased O -similarly O -in O -both O -sides O -during O -treatment O -with O -nicotine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -from O -a O -prospective O -follow O -- O -up O -study O -of O -a O -group O -of O -schizophrenic O -patients O -suggest O -that O -a O -significant O -proportion O -( O -41 O -per O -cent O -) O -are O -likely O -to O -relapse O -during O -a O -two O -- O -year O -period O -despite O -the O -prescription O -of O -long O -- O -acting O -injectable O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -The O -effect O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -antagonist O -, O -on O -gastric O -acid O -and O -intrinsic O -factor O -secretion O -during O -pentagastrin O -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -treatment O -on O -the O -kidney O -, O -particularly O -medullary O -function O -, O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -prospective O -study O -of O -renal O -funcition O -in O -healthy O -people O -and O -patients O -with O -RA O -starting O -salicylate B-Chemical -in O -therapeutic O -doses O -showed O -that O -while O -epithelial O -cell O -excretion O -was O -only O -transiently O -raised O -in O -both O -groups O -the O -excretion O -of O -NAG O -was O -increased O -in O -all O -cases O -at O -three O -days O -and O -this O -increase O -was O -sustained O -at O -10 O -days O -, O -all O -values O -being O -much O -higher O -in O -the O -patients O -than O -in O -the O -healthy O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -from O -a O -hospital O -- O -based O -drug O -surveillance O -programme O -were O -used O -to O -determine O -how O -often O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -drugs O -were O -used O -in O -general O -medical O -wards O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -series O -of O -double O -- O -blind O -patient O -- O -preference O -studies O -comparing O -various O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -and O -a O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -with O -an O -antihistamine O -showed O -that O -for O -short O -- O -term O -hypnotic O -effect O -there O -were O -no O -differences O -between O -three O -common O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -but O -elderly O -patients O -preferred O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -to O -the O -antihistamine O -, O -which O -produced O -more O -undesired O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Decrease O -of O -uptake O -and O -exchange O -of O -neurotransmitter O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -after O -depletion O -of O -their O -synaptosomal O -pools O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -loss O -was O -similar O -with O -exogenous O -tritiated O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -and O -with O -[ O -14C O -] O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -[ O -14C O -] O -glutamate B-Chemical -metabolically O -derived O -from O -[ O -14C O -] O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -pretreatment O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -and O -nialamide O -the O -loss O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -became O -significantly O -greater O -( O -about O -25 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -loss O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -the O -reduction O -of O -uptake O -could O -be O -minimized O -by O -performing O -the O -cold O -shock O -in O -hypertonic O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -antagonists O -in O -rat O -hippocampus O -. O - -aps B-category -Unilateral O -sialectomy O -and O -iridectomy O -in O -3 O -- O -day O -- O -old O -animals O -prevented O -the O -normal O -development O -of O -ganglion O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -T O -- O -OH O -) O -and O -DOPA O -decarboxylase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -localization O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -, O -phenolethanolamine O -- O -N O -- O -methyl O -transferase O -, O -and O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -in O -spinal O -cord O -. O - -aps B-category -PNMT O -was O -detectable O -in O -gray O -but O -not O -white O -matter O -, O -and O -was O -considerably O -lower O -in O -activity O -than O -the O -other O -catecholamine B-Chemical -synthetic O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Importance O -of O -O O -- O -methylation O -in O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -motor O -and O -behavioral O -phenomena O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phospholipid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -complex O -with O -a O -constant O -1 O -: O -1 O -calcium B-Chemical -to O -total O -phosphate B-Chemical -molar O -ratio O -is O -shown O -to O -exist O -in O -rabbit O -and O -calf O -bone O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -of O -nucleolar O -proteins O -was O -obtained O -by O -dissociation O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -urea B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -guanidine I-Chemical -hydrochloride O -, O -followed O -by O -high O -- O -speed O -centrifugation O -to O -remove O -nucleic O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weights O -of O -these O -classes O -of O -proteins O -were O -shown O -to O -be O -mostly O -30000 O -- O -70000 O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -psychrotrophic O -pseudomonad O -isolated O -from O -iced O -fish O -oxidized O -alanine B-Chemical -at O -temperatures O -close O -to O -0 O -degrees O -C O -and O -grew O -over O -the O -range O -0 O -degrees O -C O -- O -35 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -rate O -of O -oxidation O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -measured O -manometrically O -, O -by O -cells O -grown O -at O -2 O -degrees O -C O -was O -lower O -than O -that O -of O -cells O -grown O -at O -22 O -degrees O -C O -. O -However O -, O -the O -consumption O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -after O -heat O -treatment O -at O -35 O -degrees O -for O -35 O -min O -was O -reduced O -considerably O -by O -2 O -degrees O -C O -grown O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -grown O -at O -2 O -degrees O -C O -produced O -an O -alanine B-Chemical -oxidase O -with O -a O -temperature O -optimum O -of O -35 O -degrees O -C O -and O -pH O -optimum O -of O -8 O -, O -which O -lost O -about O -80 O -% O -activity O -by O -heat O -treatment O -at O -40 O -degrees O -C O -for O -30 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Mesophilic O -enzyme O -synthesis O -apparently O -started O -around O -a O -growth O -temperature O -of O -10 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -crude O -alanine B-Chemical -oxidase O -systems O -of O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -derived O -from O -cells O -grown O -at O -13 O -degrees O -C O -and O -37 O -degrees O -C O -had O -a O -common O -optimum O -temperature O -of O -45 O -degrees O -C O -. O -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -one O -mechanism O -of O -psychrophilic O -growth O -by O -psychrotrophic O -bacteria O -may O -be O -the O -induction O -of O -enzymes O -with O -low O -optimum O -temperatures O -in O -response O -to O -low O -temperature O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -parasitica O -, O -and O -P O -. O -citricola O -were O -examined O -for O -their O -chemotactic O -responses O -to O -asparagine O -, O -glutamine B-Chemical -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -and O -structurally O -related O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -of O -the O -environment O -was O -important O -, O -a O -neutral O -- O -charged O -molecule O -was O -more O -attractive O -than O -a O -negatively O -charged O -molecule O -, O -hence O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -were O -more O -attractive O -at O -pH O -3 O -. O -0 O -than O -pH O -5 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Compounds O -other O -than O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -slightly O -attractive O -including O -several O -sugars O -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Double O -- O -blind O -evaluation O -of O -oral O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -prolyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Lleucyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -amide O -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -( O -3MC O -) O -to O -rats O -greatly O -enhanced O -the O -aryl O -hydrocarbon O -hydroxylase O -( O -AHH O -) O -activity O -of O -liver O -nuclei O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -repression O -and O -derepression O -of O -hepatic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -by O -carcinogens O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -thioacetamide O -to O -either O -adrenalectomized O -or O -intact O -rats O -leads O -to O -an O -immediate O -and O -progressive O -loss O -of O -inducibility O -by O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -, O -dibutyrylcyclic O -AMP O -or O -dimethylnitrosamine O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Changes O -in O -transmitter O -release O -at O -frog O -neuromuscular O -junction O -induced O -by O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Hearts O -were O -perfused O -with O -5 O -mM O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -U O -/ O -ml O -of O -insulin O -in O -order O -to O -enhance O -metabolsim O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -relative O -to O -that O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -about O -2 O -minutes O -of O -perfusion O -, O -the O -fall O -of O -glycolytic O -flux O -showed O -a O -partial O -reversal O -, O -which O -was O -largely O -accounted O -for O -by O -increased O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -, O -so O -that O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidation O -decreased O -further O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increased O -proportion O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -converted O -to O -lactate B-Chemical -together O -with O -an O -increase O -of O -the O -tissue O -lactate B-Chemical -/ O -pyruvate B-Chemical -ratio O -could O -be O -accounted O -for O -by O -inhibition O -of O -the O -malate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -cycle O -combined O -with O -tissue O -hypoxia O -. O - -aps B-category -Decreased O -oxygen B-Chemical -delivery O -to O -the O -myocardium O -was O -caused O -by O -secondary O -constriction O -of O -the O -coronary O -vessels O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -primary O -cause O -of O -the O -decreased O -peak O -systolic O -pressure O -with O -either O -acidosis O -or O -ischemia O -is O -not O -a O -result O -of O -a O -defect O -of O -energy O -metabolism O -, O -but O -is O -due O -to O -alteration O -of O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -cycle O -of O -the O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholesterol B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -serum O -are O -enzymatically O -determined O -rapidly O -by O -use O -of O -a O -polarographic O -oxygen B-Chemical -analyzer O -with O -a O -circuit O -modified O -to O -record O -simultaneously O -the O -amount O -and O -rate O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxygen O -consumption O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -concentration O -are O -linearly O -related O -to O -8 O -. O -0 O -g O -/ O -liter O -, O -and O -only O -10 O -mul O -of O -serum O -is O -required O -. O - -aps B-category -New O -techniques O -for O -ion O -- O -selective O -measurements O -of O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -serum O -after O -pH O -adjustment O -of O -aerobically O -handled O -sera O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -this O -system O -, O -serum O -pH O -can O -be O -adjusted O -with O -CO2 O -gas O -and O -Ca2 O -+ O -and O -pH O -simultaneously O -measured O -; O -when O -5 O -. O -2 O -% O -CO2 O -( O -40 O -mm O -pco2 O -) O -is O -used O -for O -sample O -equilibration O -, O -the O -standard O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -is O -also O -provided O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -with O -possible O -uncompensated O -acid O -- O -base O -disturbance O -( O -which O -may O -be O -indicated O -by O -an O -abnormal O -standard O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -if O -not O -suspected O -clinically O -) O -, O -patient O -pH O -should O -be O -measured O -independently O -as O -part O -of O -the O -usual O -strict O -, O -anaerobic O -blood O -- O -gas O -- O -analysis O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -tobramycin B-Chemical -on O -urinary O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -activity O -: O -Studies O -in O -a O -case O -of O -renal O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Effect O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -on O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Multiple O -changes O -in O -distal O -stop O -- O -flow O -electrolyte O -patterns O -and O -reduction O -of O -acid O -excretion O -induced O -in O -rabbits O -by O -angiotensin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -therefore O -examined O -the O -effects O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -on O -the O -distal O -reabsorption O -or O -secretion O -of O -a O -spectrum O -of O -electrolytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lower O -dose O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -inhibited O -distal O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -water O -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -reabsorption O -, O -inhibited O -distal O -hydrogen B-Chemical -secretion O -and O -stimulated O -distal O -potassium B-Chemical -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -low O -dose O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -did O -not O -significantly O -raise O -blood O -pressure O -but O -the O -high O -dose O -was O -pressor O -. O - -aps B-category -Suppression O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -secretion O -caused O -by O -both O -doses O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -in O -the O -stop O -- O -flow O -studies O -was O -also O -reflected O -by O -reductions O -in O -acid O -excretion O -produced O -by O -these O -infusion O -rates O -in O -additional O -experiments O -performed O -by O -clearance O -methods O -in O -acid O -- O -loaded O -, O -conscious O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -respiratory O -acidosis O -was O -buffered O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -, O -urine O -volume O -increased O -and O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -and O -effective O -renal O -plasma O -flow O -were O -unchanged O -; O -with O -trihydroxymethylaminomethane O -, O -urine O -volume O -increased O -but O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -and O -effective O -renal O -plasma O -flow O -fell O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -demonstrate O -that O -, O -even O -with O -osmotic O -loading O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -respiratory O -acidosis O -caused O -a O -decrease O -in O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -, O -effective O -renal O -plasma O -flow O -and O -urine O -volume O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -metabolic O -acidosis O -depresses O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -and O -effective O -renal O -plasma O -flow O -but O -does O -not O -change O -urine O -volume O -even O -though O -cardiac O -output O -falls O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -is O -mor O -effective O -than O -trihydroxymethylaminomethane O -in O -preserving O -renal O -function O -during O -respiratory O -and O -metabolic O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -relevance O -of O -the O -findings O -to O -lactate B-Chemical -homeostasis O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -isolated O -perfused O -kidneys O -of O -fed O -rats O -in O -normal O -acid O -- O -base O -status O -showed O -a O -constant O -rate O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -removal O -from O -the O -perfusate O -between O -5 O -and O -90 O -min O -of O -perfusion O -at O -a O -perfusate O -pH O -of O -7 O -- O -4 O -- O -7 O -- O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Kidneys O -taken O -from O -rats O -previously O -made O -acidotic O -and O -perfused O -with O -media O -of O -various O -pH O -values O -showed O -a O -progressive O -fall O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -removal O -during O -the O -perfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kidneys O -of O -acidotic O -rats O -generally O -showed O -an O -increased O -rate O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -output O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -control O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -exogenic O -thyroxine B-Chemical -on O -activity O -of O -the O -thyroid O -gland O -, O -blood O -serum O -proteins O -and O -leukocytes O -in O -the O -common O -vole O -Microtus O -arvalis O -, O -Pallas O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -and O -distribution O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -the O -exoskeleton O -of O -the O -intermoult O -crayfish O -Parastacoides O -tasmanicus O -( O -Erichson O -) O -and O -Astacopis O -fluviatilis O -( O -Gray O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparative O -study O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -excretion O -in O -twenty O -- O -three O -cockroach O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Structure O -- O -activity O -relationships O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -fish O -olfaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Continuous O -24 O -- O -hour O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -studies O -of O -Myotis O -velifer O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulatory O -effects O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -on O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -the O -chicken O -( O -Gallus O -domesticus O -) O -treated O -with O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfoximine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -phenformin O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -glycogen O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -Amphiuma O -means O -liver O -organ O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -Sites O -of O -the O -barium B-Chemical -effect O -on O -Helix O -heart O -muscle O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Tissue O -catecholamine B-Chemical -levels O -of O -the O -golden O -hamster O -( O -Mesocricetus O -auratus O -) O -acclimated O -to O -7 O -, O -22 O -and O -34 O -degrees O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolism O -of O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -by O -lobster O -nervous O -tissue O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Defects O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenases O -in O -Neurospora O -and O -their O -pleiotropic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rhythm O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -TAT O -) O -activity O -in O -2 O -- O -day O -old O -rats O -is O -characterized O -by O -a O -maximum O -at O -the O -beginning O -and O -a O -further O -one O -at O -the O -end O -of O -light O -- O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -effective O -schema O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -includes O -avoiding O -antiparkinsonian O -medication O -and O -prescribing O -deanol O -, O -an O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -precursor O -, O -while O -continuing O -or O -increasing O -phenothiazine O -dosages O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -factors O -, O -such O -as O -sex O -, O -type O -of O -schizophrenia O -, O -initial O -syndrome O -, O -present O -psychic O -state O -, O -organic O -syndromes O -and O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -extrapyramidal O -syndrome O -, O -do O -not O -seen O -to O -play O -a O -role O -in O -the O -prevalence O -of O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hepatic O -uptake O -and O -biliary O -excretion O -of O -3H O -- O -taurocholate O -and O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ouabain I-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -the O -rat O -during O -saline O -( O -control O -) O -and O -dehydrocholate O -infusions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hepatic O -levels O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -were O -increased O -compared O -with O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Taurocholate O -( O -140 O -mumol O -/ O -hr O -) O -failed O -to O -influence O -the O -total O -biliary O -output O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -rates O -were O -obtained O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -O2 O -, O -and O -both O -transformations O -were O -inhibited O -by O -CO O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -- O -Phenyl O -- O -2 O -- O -propanone O -oxime O -is O -a O -known O -in O -vitro O -metabolite O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Anaerobic O -release O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -from O -halothane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Halothane B-Chemical -has O -been O -found O -to O -undergo O -a O -reductive O -defluorination O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fluoride B-Chemical -release O -occurs O -only O -under O -low O -O2 O -tension O -, O -while O -high O -O2 O -tension O -results O -in O -the O -oxidation O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -to O -trifluoroacetic O -acid O -, O -inorganic O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -and O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -the O -conditions O -required O -for O -fluoride B-Chemical -release O -and O -the O -binding O -of O -a O -halothane B-Chemical -metabolite O -to O -microsomal O -phospholipids O -are O -similar O -, O -the O -defluorinated O -halothane B-Chemical -molecule O -is O -assumed O -to O -be O -involved O -with O -this O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -Microsomal O -spectral O -properties O -and O -narcotic O -N O -- O -demethylase O -activity O -in O -methadone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -N O -- O -demethylation O -of O -various O -narcotics O -was O -studied O -in O -hepatic O -preparations O -from O -methadone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -consuming I-Chemical -rats O -in O -order O -to O -determine O -if O -there O -was O -substrate O -specificity O -for O -the O -microsomal O -demethylase O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Additive O -or O -synergistic O -effects O -on O -microsomal O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -content O -were O -seen O -when O -methadone B-Chemical -consumption O -was O -supplemented O -by O -administration O -of O -maximally O -inducing O -doses O -of O -either O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -( O -3 O -- O -MC O -) O -or O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -( O -PB O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -- O -substrate O -kinetic O -analysis O -with O -methadone B-Chemical -and O -morphine B-Chemical -as O -substrates O -indicated O -that O -more O -than O -one O -enzymic O -system O -may O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -N O -- O -demethylation O -reaction O -and O -that O -a O -common O -component O -of O -this O -N O -- O -demethylase O -system O -could O -not O -be O -induced O -with O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -tBA O -was O -a O -substrate O -for O -catecholamine B-Chemical -O O -- O -methyltransferase O -but O -not O -for O -monoamine O -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -the O -human O -metabolism O -of O -adriamycin B-Chemical -by O -isolating O -and O -identifying O -urinary O -metabolites O -which O -retain O -adriamycin B-Chemical -' O -s O -specific O -fluorescence O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -metabolism O -of O -adriamycin B-Chemical -involved O -carbonyl O -reduction O -, O -reductive O -glycosidic O -cleavage O -, O -hydrolytic O -glycosidic O -cleavage O -, O -O O -- O -demethylation O -, O -O O -- O -sulfation O -, O -and O -O O -- O -beta O -- O -glucuronidation O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -neutral O -compounds O -investigated O -, O -digitoxin O -, O -digoxin B-Chemical -and O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -were O -highly O -bound O -to O -both O -liver O -and O -lung O -tissue O -, O -whereas O -the O -degree O -of O -binding O -of O -amitrole O -, O -erythritol O -, O -and O -ouabain B-Chemical -was O -20 O -% O -or O -less O -. O - -aps B-category -Barbital O -was O -poorly O -bound O -, O -and O -there O -was O -no O -evidence O -for O -the O -binding O -of O -5 O -, O -5 O -- O -dimethyloxazolidine O -- O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dione O -or O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminohippuric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -either O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -binding O -to O -liver O -and O -lung O -of O -the O -organic O -bases O -nicotine B-Chemical -, O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -, O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -, O -lidocaine B-Chemical -, O -erythromycin B-Chemical -, O -and O -chloroquine B-Chemical -, O -did O -vary O -with O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -additional O -quaternary B-Chemical -ammonium I-Chemical -compounds O -, O -tetraethylammonium O -and O -N1 O -- O -methylnicotinamide O -, O -were O -not O -significantly O -bound O -to O -either O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -studies O -on O -the O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -digoxin I-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -have O -been O -based O -on O -total O -radioactivity O -in O -the O -plasma O -, O -even O -though O -the O -drug O -is O -extensively O -metabolized O -in O -this O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -were O -therefore O -examined O -using O -solvent O -extraction O -and O -thin O -- O -layer O -chromatography O -to O -isolate O -unchanged O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -cases O -, O -digoxin B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -best O -described O -by O -a O -two O -- O -compartment O -open O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -animals O -with O -bilateral O -ureter O -ligation O -, O -the O -body O -clearance O -was O -reduced O -by O -30 O -% O -and O -the O -plasma O -half O -- O -life O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -was O -increased O -to O -4 O -hr O -, O -although O -no O -significant O -change O -in O -the O -apparent O -volume O -of O -distribution O -was O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -acetylation O -of O -sulfadiazine B-Chemical -, O -isoniazid B-Chemical -, O -and O -p O -- O -aminobenzoic O -acid O -in O -selected O -lines O -of O -slow O -and O -rapid O -acetylator O -rabbits O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacokinetic O -studies O -in O -rabbits O -of O -specified O -sulfadiazine B-Chemical -acetylator O -genotypes O -with O -isoniazid B-Chemical -and O -p O -- O -aminobenzoic O -acid O -show O -that O -the O -rate O -of O -isoniazid B-Chemical -elimination O -is O -under O -the O -same O -genetic O -control O -as O -is O -sulfadiazine B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -the O -rate O -of O -p O -- O -aminobenzoic O -acid O -elimination O -is O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -Histidyl O -transfer O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -coupling O -of O -beta1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -24 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -corticotropin I-Chemical -to O -the O -adenylate O -- O -cylase O -system O -in O -rat O -adipocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contract O -to O -results O -obtained O -by O -two O -other O -groups O -, O -which O -were O -analyzed O -by O -De O -Haen O -, O -no O -evidence O -was O -found O -for O -a O -regulation O -of O -the O -adenylate O -- O -cyclase O -activity O -by O -the O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -which O -was O -not O -complexed O -to O -magnesium B-Chemical -. O -. O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -to O -monolayers O -and O -bilayers O -of O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -has O -been O -investigated O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -, O -ionic O -strength O -( O -NaCl B-Chemical -concentration O -) O -and O -Ca2 O -+ O -concentration O -using O -surface O -and O -colloid O -chemical O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -Ka O -for O -Ca2 O -+ O -binding O -decreases O -with O -increasing O -NaCl B-Chemical -concentration O -because O -the O -monovalent O -cations O -compete O -with O -Ca2 O -+ O -for O -the O -same O -binding O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Ka O -for O -the O -reaction O -between O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -and O -monovalent O -cations O -is O -about O -10 O -( O -3 O -) O -- O -fold O -smaller O -than O -that O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -dicetyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -) O -have O -also O -been O -determined O -; O -the O -apparent O -pK O -for O -the O -- O -COOH O -group O -in O -monolayers O -is O -larger O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -9 O -and O -that O -for O -the O -phosphodiester O -group O -is O -less O -than O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Action O -of O -H1 O -and O -H2 O -inhibitors O -on O -the O -response O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -sensitive O -adenyly O -cyclase O -from O -guinea O -- O -pig O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -H1 O -and O -H2 O -inhibitors O -behaved O -kinetically O -as O -competitive O -inhibitors O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -but O -the O -Km O -derived O -for O -burimamide O -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -- O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -none O -of O -the O -three O -inhibitors O -influenced O -the O -cyclase O -activation O -by O -PGE1 B-Chemical -and O -PGA1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Anti O -- O -arrhythmic O -action O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -blocking O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -nadolol B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -antagonized O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -tachycardia O -and O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -arrhythmias O -in O -cats O -, O -antagonized O -coronary O -artery O -ligation O -- O -induced O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -and O -suppressed O -ventricular O -ectopic O -activity O -during O -vagal O -stimulation O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -these O -findings O -, O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -anti O -- O -arrhythmic O -activity O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -is O -apparently O -related O -to O -blockade O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -local O -injections O -of O -drugs O -into O -terminal O -areas O -of O -the O -mesolimbic O -dopamine B-Chemical -system O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -clear O -or O -only O -minor O -effects O -were O -seen O -after O -injections O -of O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -metabolites O -3 O -- O -methoxytyramine O -, O -DOPAC B-Chemical -and O -HVA O -and O -after O -injections O -of O -media O -with O -different O -pH O -and O -osmolality O -. O - -aps B-category -ET O -495 O -and O -the O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -agonists O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -did O -not O -enhance O -locomotor O -activity O -, O -but O -theophylline B-Chemical -was O -effective O -. O - -aps B-category -Locomotor O -stimulation O -was O -also O -found O -following O -bilateral O -administration O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -and O -apomorphine B-Chemical -into O -the O -tuberculum O -olfactorium O -, O -whereas O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -ET O -495 O -produced O -no O -, O -or O -rather O -depressant O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Elevated O -serum O -and O -hepatic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -voles O -chronically O -infected O -with O -Trypanosoma O -brucei O -gambiense O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -perfused O -livers O -of O -24 O -hour O -- O -fasted O -rats O -, O -PGE1 B-Chemical -( O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -) O -infused O -continuously O -into O -the O -perfusate O -, O -was O -found O -to O -cause O -a O -45 O -% O -increase O -in O -the O -incorporation O -of O -1 O -- O -14C O -acetate O -into O -liver O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -amnesic O -effect O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -in O -rats O -? O - -aps B-category -In O -test O -animals O -the O -drug O -produces O -a O -well O -- O -marked O -and O -short O -- O -term O -( O -easily O -controllable O -) O -hypotensive O -effect O -, O -without O -causing O -any O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -and O -direct O -vasodilation O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -substituted O -epoxy O -intermediates O -obtained O -were O -allowed O -to O -react O -with O -amines B-Chemical -and O -gave O -the O -desired O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Conditions O -for O -the O -formation O -and O -extraction O -of O -an O -atropine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -picric I-Chemical -acid O -reaction O -product O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -the O -temperature O -, O -pH O -, O -and O -partial O -pressure O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -( O -PO2 O -) O -in O -the O -cervical O -canal O -and O -cavum O -uteri O -were O -measured O -in O -women O -with O -or O -without O -an O -intrauterine O -device O -and O -in O -the O -uteri O -of O -rats O -throughout O -the O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -Requirement O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -for O -the O -assay O -of O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -observed O -, O -compared O -to O -that O -of O -NADH O -, O -and O -also O -the O -additive O -effect O -of O -NADH O -on O -the O -requirement O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -was O -found O -in O -the O -tumor O -and O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -same O -values O -of O -the O -apparent O -Km O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -NADH O -were O -shown O -for O -the O -enzyme O -from O -the O -liver O -and O -tumor O -even O -24 O -hr O -after O -the O -treatment O -with O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -, O -but O -a O -difference O -in O -the O -apparent O -Km O -for O -benzo O -[ O -a O -] O -pyrene O -was O -demonstrated O -between O -the O -tumor O -and O -the O -host O -liver O -, O -showing O -3 O -. O -6 O -approximately O -6 O -. O -6 O -muM O -in O -the O -former O -and O -9 O -. O -1 O -approximately O -20 O -muM O -in O -the O -latter O -. O - -aps B-category -Vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -absorption O -- O -- O -a O -study O -of O -intraluminal O -events O -in O -control O -subjects O -and O -patients O -with O -tropical O -sprue O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -subjects O -with O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -malabsorption O -due O -to O -tropical O -sprue O -, O -the O -results O -were O -identical O -with O -the O -control O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -with O -tropical O -sprue O -who O -have O -normal O -intrinsic O -factor O -secretion O -, O -the O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -absorptive O -defect O -is O -not O -due O -to O -binding O -of O -the O -vitamin O -to O -bacteria O -or O -to O -alteration O -to O -the O -intrinsic O -factor O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -complex O -in O -the O -intestinal O -lumen O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -preparation O -contains O -the O -anticholinergic O -drug O -propantheline O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -the O -psychotherapeutical O -agent O -perazine O -, O -and O -antacids O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Cys16 O -- O -Cys40 O -disulfide O -bridge O -could O -be O -reduced O -selectively O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -borohydride O -with O -no O -loss O -in O -biological O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -monospecific O -trypsin O -- O -inhibiting O -precursor O -, O -the O -physiological O -and O -artificially O -liberated O -inhibitors O -are O -trypsin O -/ O -chymotrypsin O -/ O -plasmin O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -225 O -000 O -( O -ultracentrifuge O -) O -and O -is O -composed O -of O -four O -identical O -subunits O -of O -molecular O -weight O -54 O -000 O -( O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulphate O -gel O -electrophoresis O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -slowly O -inactivated O -by O -1mM O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -and O -is O -rapidly O -inactivated O -by O -1mM O -mercaptoethanol O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -can O -be O -inhibited O -by O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzamidine I-Chemical -and O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -p O -' O -- O -guanidino O -- O -benzoate O -. O - -aps B-category -Disarrangements O -in O -microcirculation O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -supply O -, O -water O -and O -electrolyte O -metabolism O -and O -acid O -- O -base O -metabolism O -are O -described O -and O -the O -way O -they O -will O -influence O -nutrition O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -preparation O -for O -freezing O -with O -liquid O -nitrogen B-Chemical -, O -microscopic O -subjective O -ranking O -of O -sperm O -motility O -was O -carried O -out O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -420 O -patients O -in O -this O -category O -; O -of O -those O -who O -received O -treatment O -a O -high O -percentage O -became O -pregnant O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -those O -who O -were O -being O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -I O -. O -Estradiol B-Chemical -/ O -testosterone B-Chemical -ratio O -and O -the O -use O -of O -antiestrogens O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -estrogen B-Chemical -plasma O -concentration O -baseline O -of O -50 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -is O -proposed O -in O -order O -to O -obtain O -the O -antiestrogenic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Progesterone B-Chemical -plasma O -levels O -after O -the O -use O -of O -antiestrogens O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -distinctive O -responses O -were O -observed O -depending O -on O -the O -estradiol B-Chemical -/ O -testosterone B-Chemical -mean O -concentration O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Progesterone B-Chemical -concentration O -above O -6 O -. O -1 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -did O -induce O -secretory O -changes O -in O -the O -endometrium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fibrinolytic O -activity O -of O -the O -endometrium O -was O -studied O -histochemically O -in O -15 O -women O -before O -and O -after O -the O -use O -of O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -IUD I-Chemical -for O -2 O -- O -5 O -as O -well O -as O -for O -8 O -- O -12 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Imidazole O -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -, O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F2alpha O -, O -and O -methyl O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F2alpha O -increased O -the O -contractility O -of O -guinea O -pig O -and O -human O -ovaries O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Indomethacin B-Chemical -inhibited O -ovarian O -contractions O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -decreased O -the O -amplitude O -and O -frequency O -of O -the O -spontaneous O -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F2alpha O -induced O -contractions O -of O -guinea O -pig O -ovaries O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -clinical O -study O -was O -conducted O -to O -evaluate O -the O -role O -of O -PGs O -( O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -) O -and O -cyclic O -AMP O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -the O -contractility O -and O -pharmacologic O -reactivity O -of O -guinea O -pig O -and O -human O -ovaries O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Indomethacin B-Chemical -inhibited O -ovarian O -contractions O -. O - -aps B-category -PGE2 B-Chemical -decreased O -the O -amplitude O -and O -frequency O -of O -the O -spontaneous O -and O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contractions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -influx O -into O -human O -spermatozoa O -was O -investigated O -through O -the O -use O -of O -radioactive O -K42 O -and O -Rb86 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influx O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -seemed O -to O -correlate O -with O -spermatozoal O -motility O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluorescence O -polarization O -studies O -on O -the O -binding O -between O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -cytoplasmic O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -heat O -contact O -urticaria O -is O -completely O -analogous O -to O -cold O -uticaria O -because O -of O -the O -exposure O -area O -, O -reversible O -blocking O -by O -unphysiological O -prolonged O -heating O -of O -the O -skin O -, O -sensitivity O -to O -antihistamines O -and O -resistance O -to O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Digestion O -of O -hyaluronate B-Chemical -does O -not O -alter O -the O -boundary O -lubrication O -, O -but O -trypsin O -digestion O -does O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -characterizing O -the O -urea B-Chemical -active O -transport O -system O -in O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -indicate O -that O -( O -i O -) O -formamide O -and O -acetamide O -are O -strong O -competitive O -inhibitors O -of O -urea B-Chemical -accumulation O -, O -( O -ii O -) O -uptake O -is O -maximal O -at O -pH O -3 O -. O -3 O -and O -is O -80 O -% O -inhibited O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -, O -and O -( O -iii O -) O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -generated O -by O -glycolysis O -in O -conjunction O -with O -formation O -of O -an O -ion O -gradient O -is O -likely O -the O -driving O -force O -behind O -urea B-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -strains O -also O -exhibit O -a O -depressed O -growth O -rate O -on O -10 O -mM O -urea B-Chemical -, O -indicating O -existence O -of O -a O -relationship O -between O -the O -active O -transport O -and O -facilitated O -diffusion O -modes O -of O -urea B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Higher O -levels O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -are O -inhibitory O -, O -whereas O -magnesium B-Chemical -ions O -are O -essential O -for O -transformation O -and O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -Glycine O -- O -induced O -pleomorphism O -reduces O -the O -transformation O -frequency O -and O -the O -degree O -of O -inhibition O -is O -dependent O -on O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -oxidase O -in O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -utilization O -by O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -such O -strains O -two O -distinct O -enzymes O -are O -found O -to O -be O -produced O -at O -high O -levels O -: O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -3 O -) O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -enzymes O -could O -be O -distinguished O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -their O -sensitivity O -to O -inhibition O -by O -L O -- O -phenylalanine O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -of O -them O -were O -characterized O -by O -further O -increases O -in O -the O -level O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -oxidase O -activity O -and O -a O -sharp O -decrease O -in O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Acidification O -of O -the O -external O -medium O -results O -in O -thiomethylgalactoside O -accumulation O -in O -an O -energy O -- O -depleted O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -- O -negative O -mutant O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Mitochondria O -of O -the O -yeastlike O -fungus O -Moniliella O -tomentosa O -oxidize O -reduced O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -, O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -succinate O -, O -isocitrate O -, O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alternate O -oxidase O -can O -be O -specifically O -stimulated O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -and O -this O -provides O -a O -new O -method O -for O -the O -characterization O -of O -the O -alternate O -oxidase O -in O -mitochondria O -of O -M O -. O -tomentosa O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -thioredoxin O -, O -only O -very O -low O -levels O -of O -the O -transfer O -of O -the O -sulfo O -group O -to O -thiols B-Chemical -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -E O -. O -coli O -, O -this O -enzyme O -used O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -but O -did O -not O -require O -the O -addition O -of O -ferredoxin O -or O -ferredoxin O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -appears O -that O -binding O -of O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -produces O -a O -new O -rapidly O -reacting O -quaternary O -conformation O -of O -HbCO O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -protein O -capable O -of O -binding O -atropine B-Chemical -and O -( O -3H O -) O -propylbenzilylcholine O -mustard O -was O -solubilized O -and O -purified O -( O -200 O -- O -fold O -) O -from O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -the O -high O -and O -low O -affinity O -dissociation O -constants O -of O -the O -receptor O -. O -atropine B-Chemical -complex O -are O -0 O -. O -3 O -nM O -and O -0 O -. O -15 O -muM O -. O - -aps B-category -Ca2 O -+ O -influences O -the O -binding O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -and O -maximal O -binding O -occurs O -at O -0 O -. O -5 O -mM O -Ca2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -That O -is O -, O -three O -H O -+ O -are O -translocated O -out O -of O -thylakoids O -for O -each O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -formed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rapid O -and O -sensitive O -assay O -of O -1beta O -, O -2beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -androgen I-Chemical -aromatization O -by O -measurement O -of O -3H2O O -release O -( O -Thompson O -, O -E O -. O -A O -. O -, O -Jr O -. O -, O -and O -Siiteri O -, O -P O -. O -K O -. O - -aps B-category -Tritium O -is O -, O -however O -, O -removed O -from O -position O -2 O -of O -the O -estrogen B-Chemical -products O -, O -presumably O -in O -2 O -- O -hydroxylation O -, O -but O -this O -does O -not O -invalidate O -use O -of O -the O -assay O -for O -initial O -rate O -measurements O -; O -it O -was O -therefore O -used O -to O -characterize O -the O -catalytic O -properties O -of O -aromatase O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -incubation O -conditions O -optimized O -for O -these O -factors O -, O -the O -apparent O -Km O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -is O -approximately O -1 O -muM O -. O - -aps B-category -Mutual O -competition O -experiments O -with O -the O -androgen B-Chemical -substrates O -showed O -that O -each O -gives O -simple O -competitive O -inhibition O -of O -the O -other O -' O -s O -aromatization O -; O -furthermore O -, O -the O -apparent O -Ki O -values O -for O -each O -are O -in O -close O -agreement O -with O -their O -respective O -Km O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -two O -androgen B-Chemical -substrates O -are O -aromatized O -at O -a O -single O -, O -identical O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -pH O -and O -ionic O -strength O -on O -the O -midpoint O -reduction O -potential O -( O -Emp O -) O -of O -Clostridium O -acidi O -- O -urici O -ferredoxin O -were O -determined O -using O -hydrogen B-Chemical -gas O -and O -hydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -plot O -of O -the O -log O -of O -ionic O -strength O -versus O -the O -apparent O -Emp O -of O -ferredoxin O -in O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -Tris B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -buffer O -, O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -, O -Was O -linear O -over O -the O -range O -of O -1 O -. O -0 O -to O -0 O -. O -01 O -ionic O -strength O -with O -Emp O -values O -of O -- O -- O -0 O -. O -414 O -and O -- O -- O -0 O -. O -475 O -V O -, O -respectively O -, O -at O -these O -extremes O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -caused O -a O -similar O -change O -, O -but O -the O -absolute O -values O -of O -Emp O -differed O -from O -those O -obtained O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -other O -salts O -. O - -aps B-category -Variations O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -concentration O -and O -pH O -also O -affected O -the O -apparent O -Emp O -of O -the O -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Stopped O -flow O -ultraviolet O -spectroscopy O -has O -been O -used O -to O -measure O -the O -rate O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -exchange O -with O -solvent O -at O -the O -amide O -group O -of O -reduced O -nicotinamide O -nucleotide B-Chemical -coenzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -agents O -which O -inhibit O -platelt O -aggregation O -( O -0 O -. O -38 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Proteins O -made O -after O -incubation O -with O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -or O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -some O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analogues O -are O -also O -unstable O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -echinoderm O -sperm O -are O -treated O -with O -the O -detergent O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -4 O -in O -10 O -mM O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -the O -membranes O -are O -solubilized O -, O -but O -the O -actin O -which O -is O -located O -in O -the O -periacrosomal O -region O -remains O -as O -a O -phase O -- O -dense O -cup O -. O - -aps B-category -Incorporation O -of O -radioactive O -galactose B-Chemical -into O -TCA O -- O -insoluble O -material O -of O -galactosemic O -fibroblasts O -is O -more O -sensitive O -to O -low O -pH O -than O -is O -the O -incorporation O -by O -normal O -human O -fibroblasts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -dependencies O -of O -incorporation O -of O -radioactive O -galactose B-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -into O -cellular O -macromolecules O -were O -investigated O -in O -galactosemic O -and O -normal O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -incorporation O -of O -radioactive O -galactose B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -normal O -, O -galactosemic O -and O -galactokinase O -deficient O -cells O -, O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -and O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -incorporation O -of O -galactose B-Chemical -by O -galactosemic O -cells O -at O -low O -pH O -is O -not O -due O -to O -metabolic O -death O -of O -the O -cells O -, O -but O -may O -be O -due O -to O -the O -inhibition O -of O -some O -specific O -step O -or O -steps O -along O -a O -metabolic O -route O -of O -galactose B-Chemical -metabolism O -other O -than O -the O -Leloir O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -Chromatography O -of O -hemoglobins O -on O -CM O -- O -cellulose O -with O -bis O -- O -tris O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -developers O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -pH O -, O -Bis O -- O -tris O -concentration O -, O -and O -slope O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -grandient O -provide O -means O -for O -markedly O -altering O -chromatographic O -behavior O -for O -special O -separations O -. O - -aps B-category -Inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -homeostasis O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -tubular O -reabsorption O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -TRPi O -) O -could O -be O -assessed O -over O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -plasma O -phosphate B-Chemical -concentrations O -( O -[ O -Pi O -] O -P1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -d O -, O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -to O -block O -renin O -secretion O -in O -response O -to O -various O -extrarenal O -stimuli O -, O -such O -as O -hemorrhage O -and O -hypoglycemia O -, O -has O -been O -interpreted O -to O -indicate O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -intrarenal O -beta O -receptor O -regulating O -renin O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -d O -, O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -( O -anesthetic O -and O -beta O -- O -blocking O -activity O -) O -, O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -( O -beta O -- O -blocking O -activity O -only O -) O -, O -and O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -( O -local O -anesthetic O -activity O -only O -) O -on O -the O -renin O -response O -to O -RNS O -were O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -third O -group O -the O -initial O -RNS O -increased O -renin O -secretion O -from O -378 O -to O -1 O -, O -802 O -U O -/ O -min O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -025 O -) O -, O -but O -after O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -was O -given O -RNS O -had O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -renin O -secretion O -( O -84 O -to O -51 O -U O -/ O -min O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -, O -therefore O -, O -indicate O -that O -renin O -secretion O -can O -be O -stimulated O -through O -intrarenal O -beta O -receptors O -independent O -of O -changes O -in O -systemic O -or O -renal O -hemodynamics O -or O -in O -tubular O -sodium B-Chemical -reabsorption O -. O - -aps B-category -Identification O -and O -characterization O -of O -a O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -receptor O -in O -isolated O -liver O -surface O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -liver O -surface O -membranes O -were O -incubated O -at O -4 O -degrees O -C O -with O -[ O -14C O -] O -cholic O -acid O -and O -[ O -14C O -] O -taurocholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -and O -membrane O -- O -boudn O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -separated O -from O -free O -by O -a O -rapid O -ultrafiltration O -technique O -through O -glass O -- O -fiber O -filters O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -equilibrium O -data O -for O -both O -cholic O -and O -taurocholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -binding O -indicates O -that O -specific O -binding O -is O -saturable O -and O -consistent O -with O -Michaelis O -- O -Menten O -kinetics O -, O -while O -nonspecific O -binding O -is O -nonsaturable O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -binding O -is O -enriched O -and O -primarily O -located O -in O -liver O -surface O -membranes O -and O -found O -only O -in O -tissues O -involved O -in O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -and O -disulfide O -are O -not O -required O -for O -activity O -at O -the O -binding O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -primary O -surface O -membrane O -location O -of O -this O -receptor O -, O -its O -binding O -properties O -, O -and O -its O -ligand O -specificity O -suggest O -that O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -binding O -to O -this O -receptor O -may O -represent O -the O -initial O -interaction O -in O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -across O -liver O -surface O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymatic O -hydrolysis O -of O -food O -protein O -for O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Hydride O -mobility O -in O -pyridinium O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydropyridine I-Chemical -mixtures O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -uridine B-Chemical -and O -cytidine O -monophosphates O -with O -ribonuclease O -A O -. O -IV O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -includes O -the O -correction O -of O -acidosis O -and O -anoxia O -, O -early O -administration O -of O -bactericidal O -antibiotics O -, O -and O -restoration O -of O -the O -microcirculation O -by O -administration O -of O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -, O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -drugs O -, O -and O -appropriate O -diuretics O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -antibody O -response O -to O -high O -doses O -of O -SIII O -was O -enhanced O -by O -B O -. O -pertussis O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -binding O -is O -due O -to O -Clq O -and O -is O -only O -partially O -prevented O -by O -heating O -the O -serum O -for O -30 O -min O -at O -56 O -degrees O -C O -, O -but O -10 O -mM O -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -the O -incubation O -mixture O -completely O -prevents O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -none O -of O -10 O -squirrels O -from O -an O -area O -where O -the O -disease O -is O -not O -endemic O -had O -such O -antibodies O -. O - -aps B-category -Preparations O -of O -rat O -lung O -microsomes O -containing O -0 O -. O -030 O -- O -0 O -. O -050 O -nmole O -of O -cytochromes O -P O -- O -450 O -and O -b5 O -per O -mg O -microsomal O -protein O -have O -been O -observed O -to O -contain O -significant O -levels O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -desaturase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximal O -activity O -was O -obtained O -with O -the O -0 O -. O -50 O -mM O -NADH O -less O -activity O -with O -equal O -amounts O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -and O -there O -was O -no O -synergistic O -interaction O -of O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -together O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -same O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -desaturation O -system O -which O -is O -functional O -in O -the O -liver O -is O -also O -present O -in O -significant O -amounts O -in O -mammalian O -lungs O -. O - -aps B-category -Unilateral O -treatments O -had O -few O -significant O -effects O -on O -serum O -hormones O -, O -but O -testosterone B-Chemical -was O -increased O -on O -day O -4 O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -- O -05 O -) O -in O -unilaterally O -cryptorchid O -rats O -and O -on O -day O -32 O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -- O -05 O -) O -in O -unilaterally O -castrated O -rats O -, O -compared O -with O -controls O -, O -and O -FSH O -levels O -were O -higher O -in O -unilaterally O -castrated O -rats O -on O -day O -16 O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -- O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Bilateral O -castration O -resulted O -in O -a O -marked O -decrease O -in O -testosterone B-Chemical -levels O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -- O -01 O -) O -and O -a O -sharp O -increase O -in O -serum O -gonadotrophins O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -evidence O -for O -histamine B-Chemical -facilitating O -oestrogen B-Chemical -action O -in O -the O -uterus O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -histamine B-Chemical -dihydrochloride O -( O -50 O -mg O -) O -was O -simultaneously O -injected O -with O -the O -hormone O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -small O -doses O -of O -oestradiol O -( O -0 O -- O -0125 O -- O -- O -0 O -- O -2 O -mug O -) O -was O -significantly O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -0 O -- O -05 O -mug O -oestradiol O -was O -administered O -histamine B-Chemical -did O -not O -modify O -the O -increase O -already O -produced O -by O -the O -hormone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -latter O -( O -an O -antihistamine O -drug O -acting O -on O -H2 O -- O -receptors O -) O -as O -well O -as O -pyrathiazine O -( O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -releaser O -having O -antihistamine O -properties O -) O -decreased O -the O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -on O -oestradiol O -uptake O -whereas O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -( O -an O -antihistamine O -drug O -blocking O -H1 O -- O -receptors O -) O -did O -not O -modify O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -perphenazine O -induces O -decrease O -of O -pituitary O -prolactin O -and O -a O -concomitant O -increase O -of O -plasma O -prolactin O -levels O -through O -lowered O -PIF O -- O -action O -, O -the O -positive O -effect O -of O -oestrogens B-Chemical -on O -prolactin O -release O -( O -as O -observed O -in O -gonadectomized O -male O -and O -young O -female O -rats O -) O -apparently O -is O -caused O -by O -a O -different O -mode O -of O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -secretion O -required O -calcium B-Chemical -has O -previously O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -noncytotoxic O -and O -was O -optimal O -in O -both O -rate O -and O -extent O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -and O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -PAF O -extracted O -with O -ethanol B-Chemical -from O -the O -albumin O -to O -which O -it O -is O -usually O -bound O -during O -preparation O -, O -exhibited O -similar O -characteristics O -, O -except O -that O -secretion O -of O -up O -to O -90 O -% O -of O -the O -serotonin B-Chemical -was O -induced O -. O - -aps B-category -Supporting O -evidence O -came O -from O -the O -observation O -that O -other O -protease O -inhibitors O -and O -a O -variety O -of O -low O -molecular O -weight O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -esters O -were O -also O -inhibitory O -. O - -aps B-category -Concurrent O -with O -PAF O -- O -induced O -secretion O -, O -a O -reduction O -in O -cAMP B-Chemical -levels O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rates O -of O -lipid O -synthesis O -and O -pentose O -shunt O -activity O -were O -2 O -. O -1 O -and O -2 O -. O -2 O -times O -greater O -respectively O -in O -larvae O -fed O -the O -fat O -free B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sucrose I-Chemical -diet O -than O -in O -fat B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sucrose I-Chemical -fed O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Genetic O -analysis O -of O -119 O -acetate O -non O -- O -utilizing O -( O -acu O -) O -mutants O -in O -Aspergillus O -nidulans O -revealed O -ten O -new O -loci O -affecting O -acetate O -metabolism O -in O -addition O -to O -the O -three O -previously O -recognized O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -resistance O -to O -fluoroacetate B-Chemical -and O -acetate O -non O -- O -utilization O -. O - -aps B-category -Poor O -induction O -of O -the O -enzymes O -of O -the O -glyoxylate O -cycle O -, O -isocitrate O -lyase O -and O -malate B-Chemical -synthase O -in O -mutants O -lacking O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -synthase O -, O -and O -also O -in O -the O -other O -two O -classes O -of O -fluoroacetate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -mutants O -, O -indicates O -that O -the O -inducer O -, O -acetate O -, O -may O -be O -metabolized O -to O -a O -true O -metabolic O -inducer O -, O -perhaps O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -, O -to O -effect O -formation O -of O -the O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -hypothesized O -that O -due O -to O -changes O -in O -hospital O -discharge O -policies O -, O -the O -groups O -of O -patients O -tested O -by O -Gruzelier O -and O -Venables O -, O -compared O -to O -those O -tested O -in O -earlier O -studies O -, O -were O -more O -heavily O -weighted O -with O -patients O -whose O -symptoms O -were O -resistant O -to O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cytochrome O -redox O -potential O -dependence O -on O -substrate O -in O -rat O -cerebral O -cortex O -slices O -: O -importance O -of O -cytoplasmic O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymes O -associated O -with O -the O -metabolism O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -gaba O -in O -human O -controls O -and O -patients O -with O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -and O -Huntington O -' O -s O -chorea O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -preliminary O -studies O -with O -1 O -mCi O -had O -not O -shown O -any O -iodine B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -the O -brain O -metastasis O -, O -this O -lesion O -showed O -intense O -concentration O -at O -the O -time O -of O -the O -larger O -therapeutic O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Large O -inocula O -of O -Hemophilus O -influenzae O -type O -b O -( O -10 O -( O -7 O -) O -) O -increased O -the O -minimal O -inhibitory O -concentration O -for O -penicillin B-Chemical -and O -ampicillin B-Chemical -but O -not O -for O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfur I-Chemical -proteins O -of O -Entamoeba O -histolytica O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -determination O -of O -resorcinol O -in O -presence O -of O -phenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -method O -is O -recommended O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -resorcinol O -in O -resorcinol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -boric I-Chemical -acid O -solution O -and O -carbol O -- O -fuchsin O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -order O -was O -chloroform B-Chemical -greater O -than O -octanol O -greater O -than O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -greater O -than O -butyl O -ether B-Chemical -greater O -than O -hexadecane O -greater O -than O -octane O -. O - -aps B-category -Solvent O -perturbation O -, O -pH O -, O -and O -urea B-Chemical -studies O -tended O -to O -confirm O -that O -something O -other O -than O -hydrophobic O -binding O -of O -the O -tetracyclines O -was O -involved O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -and O -ethylenediaminetetraacetic O -acid O -showed O -that O -the O -difference O -spectra O -obtained O -with O -the O -tetracyclines O -and O -human O -serum O -albumin O -were O -not O -the O -result O -of O -metallic O -bridge O -- O -chelate O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antiarrhythmic O -and O -cardiovascular O -properties O -of O -1 O -- O -dimethyl O -isopropylamino O -- O -3 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -phenylphenoxy O -) O -- O -propan O -- O -2 O -- O -ol O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -UM O -- O -424 O -. O - -aps B-category -UM O -- O -424 O -converted O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -ventricular O -tachycardia O -in O -the O -anesthetized O -dog O -when O -administered O -in O -an O -average O -dose O -of O -4 O -. O -6 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -histamine B-Chemical -acid O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -1 O -- O -4 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -A O -linear O -dose O -- O -response O -relationship O -was O -obtained O -for O -theophylline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -during O -maximal O -response O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -increased O -the O -secretion O -further O -, O -whereas O -addition O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -during O -maximal O -response O -to O -theophylline B-Chemical -did O -not O -cause O -further O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -confirm O -that O -Nalpha O -- O -MeH O -is O -a O -more O -potent O -secretagogue O -than O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -treatments O -elicited O -the O -production O -of O -uterine O -fluid O -and O -the O -potencies O -of O -oestrogens B-Chemical -were O -related O -to O -the O -amount O -of O -fluid O -secreted O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -components O -of O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -current O -in O -the O -egg O -cell O -membrane O -of O -the O -tunicate O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -local O -anesthetics O -on O -chloride B-Chemical -transport O -in O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -was O -effective O -within O -5 O -seconds O -, O -was O -reversible O -, O -was O -non O -competitive O -with O -chloride B-Chemical -ions O -, O -and O -was O -not O -reversed O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -electrochemical O -potential O -difference O -for O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -( O -a O -protonmotive O -force O -) O -was O -artifically O -imposed O -across O -the O -membrane O -of O -the O -anaerobic O -bacterium O -Streptococcus O -lactis O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -on O -the O -membrane O -potential O -of O -Amphiuma O -red O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Transitory O -postnatal O -hemolysis O -of O -calf O -red O -cells O -by O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -hemoglobin O -electrophoresis O -obtained O -during O -this O -postnatal O -period O -revealed O -that O -those O -cells O -resistant O -to O -histidine O -hemolysis O -almost O -invariably O -contain O -the O -adult O -type O -hemoglobin O -suggesting O -a O -selective O -, O -specific O -action O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -on O -the O -fetal O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -sequestration O -by O -subcellular O -fractions O -isolated O -from O -vascular O -smooth O -muscle O -: O -effect O -of O -cyclic O -nucleotides O -and O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biochemical O -properties O -of O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -phosphodiesterases O -in O -a O -nonmetastasizing O -and O -a O -spontaneously O -metastasizing O -rat O -mammary O -carcinoma O -were O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -hydrolysis O -of O -purine B-Chemical -nucleotides O -in O -the O -nonmetastasizing O -tumor O -was O -two O -times O -higher O -than O -in O -the O -metastasizing O -tumor O -, O -but O -the O -rate O -of O -pyrimidine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -hydrolysis O -was O -equal O -in O -both O -tumors O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -effects O -were O -observe O -with O -ethylene O -glycol O -bis O -( O -beta O -- O -aminoethyl O -ether B-Chemical -) O -- O -tn O -, O -n O -- O -tetraacetic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -characterization O -of O -mouse O -interferon B-Chemical -with O -novel O -affinity O -sorbents O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -- O -molecular O -- O -weight O -ligands O -( O -hydrocarbons O -) O -and O -high O -- O -molecular O -- O -weight O -ligands O -( O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -) O -immobilized O -on O -agarose O -bind O -selectively O -mouse O -L O -- O -cell O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -activity O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -preparations O -can O -be O -increased O -2 O -, O -000 O -- O -fold O -to O -a O -value O -of O -3 O -x O -10 O -( O -8 O -) O -reference O -units O -per O -mg O -of O -protein O -in O -a O -single O -step O -with O -full O -recovery O -of O -the O -antiviral O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -report O -thus O -provides O -for O -the O -first O -time O -a O -means O -for O -efficient O -and O -clear O -- O -cut O -separation O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -components O -, O -thus O -enabling O -their O -further O -characterization O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -phage O -DNA O -was O -characterized O -by O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -centrifugation O -, O -by O -centrifugation O -in O -cesium O -chloride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propidium I-Chemical -iodide I-Chemical -, O -and O -by O -electron O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -clarify O -whether O -or O -not O -trimetoquinol O -( O -TMQ O -) O -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -ISO O -) O -interact O -with O -the O -same O -receptor O -, O -the O -pA2 O -values O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -PR O -) O -and O -certain O -trimethoxybenzene O -derivatives O -were O -measured O -, O -using O -isolated O -guinea O -pig O -tracheal O -chains O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -by O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -in O -guinea O -pig O -adrenal O -gland O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -was O -decreased O -by O -the O -incubation O -of O -adrenal O -slices O -with O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -at O -concentrations O -beyond O -2 O -mug O -per O -ml O -for O -2 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -adrenal O -slices O -wtth O -the O -combination O -of O -PGE1 B-Chemical -and O -DBc O -- O -AMP O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -higher O -than O -that O -with O -PGE1 B-Chemical -alone O -, O -but O -not O -as O -great O -as O -DBc O -- O -AMP O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -such O -as O -PGA1 O -and O -PGB1 O -were O -deficient O -to O -the O -extent O -that O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -was O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -studies O -reported O -here O -showed O -that O -PGE1 B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -synthesis O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -( O -Na O -+ O -- O -k O -+ O -) O -- O -ATPase O -which O -is O -considered O -to O -be O -equivalent O -to O -the O -Na O -+ O -pump O -, O -the O -HCO3 O -- O -- O -ATPase O -requires O -only O -one O -ion O -for O -activation O -and O -is O -insensitive O -to O -ouabain B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -extracts O -were O -able O -to O -inhibit O -thymidine B-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -lymphoid O -cells O -( O -MKT O -- O -CH O -and O -PHA O -- O -stimulated O -lymphocyte O -cultures O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrofluoric O -acid O -injuries O -and O -phosphorus B-Chemical -injuries O -are O -the O -two O -exceptions O -to O -this O -principle O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -phenylalanine O -hydroxylase O -activity O -by O -alpha O -- O -methyl O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -a O -potent O -inhibitor O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -the O -" O -calcium B-Chemical -ionophore O -" O -A O -- O -23187 O -on O -transmitter O -release O -at O -the O -frog O -neuromuscular O -junction O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -serpentine O -, O -yohimbine B-Chemical -, O -and O -boldine O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopaminergic O -neurons O -: O -activation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -by O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -chelator O -. O - -aps B-category -Peculiarities O -of O -acidic O -titration O -of O -double O -- O -stranded O -DNA O -in O -PEG O -- O -containing O -water B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -solutions O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -melting O -of O -chromatin O -was O -followed O -in O -5 O -mM O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cacodylate I-Chemical -buffer O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -) O -+ O -1 O -. O -5 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -EDTA O -containing O -increasing O -concentrations O -of O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -dependence O -of O -the O -3H O -to O -1H O -exchange O -between O -water O -and O -C O -( O -8 O -) O -H O -groups O -of O -purine B-Chemical -, O -adenine O -, O -9 O -- O -methyladenine O -, O -7 O -- O -methyladenine O -, O -hypoxanthine O -, O -guanine O -, O -xanthine B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -C O -( O -2 O -) O -H O -groups O -of O -imidazole O -and O -benzimidazole O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -knowledge O -of O -1h O -to O -3H O -exchange O -mechanism O -in O -C O -( O -8 O -) O -H O -groups O -of O -purine B-Chemical -derivatives O -allows O -to O -estimate O -alterations O -of O -reactivity O -of O -the O -purine B-Chemical -residues O -in O -polynucleotides O -and O -nucleic O -acids O -depending O -on O -their O -conformation O -. O - -aps B-category -Association O -of O -high O -affinity O -stereospecific O -binding O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -to O -cerebral O -membranes O -with O -beta O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Antagonistic O -effects O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -on O -vestibular O -and O -cerebellar O -neurones O -. O - -aps B-category -Action O -of O -opiates O -, O -antipsychotics O -, O -amphetamine B-Chemical -and O -apomorphine B-Chemical -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -rat O -striatum O -: O -in O -vivo O -changes O -of O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -AMP O -content O -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -turnover O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Diet O -, O -exercise O -and O -ketone B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -db B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cAMP I-Chemical -countered O -the O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -retardation O -of O -morphogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -abnormalities O -in O -the O -renal O -handling O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -water O -in O -both O -the O -proximal O -and O -distal O -tubule O -have O -been O -described O -in O -primary O -hypothyroidism O -, O -this O -study O -was O -undertaken O -to O -examine O -renal O -tubular O -hydrogen B-Chemical -secretion O -in O -this O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -26 O -% O -decrease O -in O -GFR O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -and O -a O -doubling O -in O -fractional O -excretion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -were O -observed O -in O -H O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Ammonium O -excretion O -was O -28 O -% O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -lower O -in O -H O -than O -in O -C O -. O -The O -defect O -in O -urine O -acidification O -in O -H O -was O -only O -partially O -corrected O -after O -5 O -days O -on O -a O -low O -sodium B-Chemical -diet O -and O -DOCA B-Chemical -administration O -for O -2 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pA2 O -of O -various O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agents O -were O -determined O -on O -isolated O -organs O -- O -guinea O -pig O -atrium O -and O -trachea O -: O -practolol O -and O -acebutolol O -were O -considered O -as O -specific O -beta O -- O -1 O -inhibitors O -; O -butoxamine O -was O -a O -specific O -beta O -- O -2 O -inhibitor O -, O -while O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -alprenolol O -were O -specificity O -free O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -/ O -mn O -during O -4 O -h O -) O -elicited O -a O -rise O -in O -serum O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -FFA O -) O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -anaesthetised O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -was O -roughly O -equipotent O -on O -FFA O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -not O -changed O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -oral O -dose O -of O -acebutolol O -( O -300 O -mg O -) O -largely O -suppressed O -the O -lipolytic O -effect O -of O -the O -2nd O -and O -3rd O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -infusions O -, O -the O -degrees O -of O -inhibition O -being O -70 O -p O -. O -cent O -and O -85 O -p O -. O -cent O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -effect O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -and O -insulin O -on O -the O -activity O -and O -isoenzymes O -of O -typrosine O -- O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -transaminase O -in O -the O -ctyostructures O -of O -the O -livers O -of O -rats O -of O -different O -ages O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -caused O -a O -more O -pronounced O -elevation O -of O -the O -total O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ketoglutaric I-Chemical -transaminase O -activity O -in O -the O -hepatic O -mitochondria O -of O -young O -rats O -than O -in O -adult O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simultaneous O -injection O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -and O -insulin O -to O -the O -sexaully O -mature O -male O -rats O -caused O -the O -same O -increase O -in O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ketoglutaric I-Chemical -transaminase O -activity O -in O -the O -hepatic O -mitochondria O -as O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -glucocorticosteriod O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenylate O -cyclase O -[ O -ATP O -pyrophosphate O -- O -lyase O -( O -cyclizing O -) O -, O -EC O -4 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -] O -activity O -of O -purified O -secretory O -vesicle O -membranes O -from O -the O -adrenal O -medulla O -is O -inhibited O -by O -I B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isoproterenol I-Chemical -and O -I B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -epinephrine I-Chemical -, O -as O -well O -as O -by O -nerve O -growth O -factor O -( O -NGF O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -dopamine B-Chemical -nor O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -had O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -was O -also O -found O -to O -block O -the O -NGF O -- O -induced O -inhibition O -of O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -dietary O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -on O -lysyl O -oxidase O -activity O -in O -chick O -bone O -metaphyses O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -activities O -were O -increased O -twofold O -in O -D O -- O -deficient O -chicks O -compared O -to O -activities O -from O -chicks O -receiving O -control O -levels O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -. O -Addition O -of O -Ca O -to O -the O -D O -- O -deficient O -diet O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -lysyl O -oxidase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Myocardial O -slices O -from O -the O -left O -ventricle O -of O -cat O -hearts O -were O -incubated O -in O -Krebs O -- O -Henseleit O -buffer O -containing O -10 O -mM O -glucose B-Chemical -which O -were O -gassed O -with O -95 O -% O -O2 O -and O -5 O -% O -CO2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Steroid B-Chemical -uptake O -was O -retarded O -about O -50 O -% O -at O -0 O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -skeletal O -muscle O -homogenate O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -contain O -enzymes O -that O -catalyze O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -L O -- O -leucyl O -p O -- O -nitroanilide O -and O -carbobenzoxyglutamyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -, O -known O -substrates O -, O -respectively O -, O -for O -arylamidase O -and O -cathepsin O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -- O -Chloroacetyl O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -were O -reacted O -with O -certain O -phenols B-Chemical -and O -salts O -of O -some O -acids O -under O -different O -conditions O -to O -yield O -2 O -- O -substituted O -acetylphenothiazines O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Chronic O -toxicity O -of O -4 O -- O -[ O -3 O -' O -- O -diethylamino O -- O -2 O -' O -hydroxypropyl O -] O -- O -ajmaline O -hydrogen B-Chemical -tartrate O -( O -Tachmalcor O -) O -in O -the O -rat O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Counts O -for O -iron B-Chemical -were O -approximately O -70 O -% O -lower O -than O -counts O -from O -mature O -erythrocytes O -found O -free O -in O -the O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -Performance O -enhancement O -effects O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -, O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -, O -pipradrol O -and O -phenindamine O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -expected O -, O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -was O -the O -most O -potent O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -influence O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F2alpha O -- O -induced O -labor O -at O -term O -on O -the O -metabolism O -and O -coagulation O -of O -mother O -and O -fetus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -infusion O -time O -was O -3 O -hours O -55 O -minutes O -, O -and O -the O -average O -total O -dose O -of O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -amounted O -to O -2 O -. O -0 O -mg O -. O -Parameters O -of O -acid O -- O -base O -changes O -, O -carbohydrate O -and O -energic O -state O -changes O -, O -gas O -metabolism O -, O -and O -changes O -in O -coagulation O -and O -fibrinolysis O -in O -mother O -and O -in O -fetus O -were O -analyzed O -during O -labor O -and O -after O -birth O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -we O -determined O -the O -effects O -of O -specific O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -and O -histamine B-Chemical -blockade O -on O -the O -hemodynamic O -and O -arterial O -blood O -gas O -tension O -responses O -to O -particulate O -microembolism O -( O -200 O -mu O -glass O -beads O -) O -in O -intact O -anesthetized O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Combined O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -and O -histamine B-Chemical -blockade O -further O -attenuated O -, O -but O -again O -did O -not O -abolish O -, O -the O -pulmonary O -vascular O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -Pulmonary O -microembolism O -in O -intact O -dogs O -, O -therefore O -, O -appears O -to O -induce O -vasoconstriction O -mediated O -partially O -by O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -and O -histamine B-Chemical -action O -, O -and O -alveolar O -hypoventilation O -mediated O -by O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -series O -of O -11 O -dogs O -, O -selective O -stimulation O -of O -the O -carotid O -body O -receptors O -by O -hypoxic O -, O -hypercapnic O -, O -acidotic O -blood O -produces O -bradycardia O -, O -an O -increase O -of O -coronary O -flow O -, O -and O -greater O -release O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -from O -the O -heart O -; O -the O -coronary O -resistances O -are O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -Critique O -of O -single O -amine B-Chemical -theories O -: O -evidence O -of O -a O -cholinergic O -influence O -in O -the O -major O -mental O -illnesses O -. O - -aps B-category -Prior O -studies O -indicated O -that O -chronic O -ethanol B-Chemical -feeding O -induced O -noradrenergic O -subsensitivity O -of O -the O -cerebral O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -report O -we O -investigated O -the O -possibility O -that O -noradrenergic O -receptors O -in O -a O -visceral O -organ O -might O -be O -similarly O -affected O -by O -ethanol B-Chemical -feeding O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -ethanol B-Chemical -ingestion O -induced O -subsensitivity O -of O -the O -liver O -to O -NE O -similar O -to O -that O -observed O -in O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -between O -Parafilm O -and O -four O -tranquilizers O -in O -their O -neutral O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -solutions O -resulted O -in O -various O -degrees O -of O -loss O -of O -the O -drugs O -from O -the O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -chlordiazepoxide O -, O -the O -losses O -from O -the O -buffer O -solution O -were O -below O -5 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Therapeutic O -test O -with O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -in O -the O -differentiation O -of O -benign O -and O -malignant O -niches O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Use O -of O -injectable O -lorazepam B-Chemical -in O -preparation O -for O -electric O -cardioversion O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -New O -histamine B-Chemical -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibody O -to O -H1 O -could O -detect O -irreversible O -conformational O -changes O -in O -acid O -- O -or O -urea B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -H1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Tritiated O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -tritiated O -dopamine B-Chemical -label O -postsynaptic O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -mammalian O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Suppression O -of O -postpartum O -lactation O -with O -furosemide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Neuroleptics B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protein O -, O -the O -protease O -activity O -and O -the O -free O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -of O -the O -cytoplasm O -and O -the O -cell O -organelles O -decrease O -during O -the O -disease O -phase O -on O -day O -3 O -and O -4 O -after O -irradiation O -. O - -aps B-category -Dynamics O -of O -the O -changes O -in O -the O -tissular O -levels O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -after O -cobalt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -60 I-Chemical -gamma O -- O -irradiation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -radiation O -, O -even O -in O -a O -lethal O -dose O -, O -was O -found O -to O -induce O -no O -significant O -changes O -in O -the O -hepatic O -levels O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -these O -organs O -contain O -different O -cAMP B-Chemical -systems O -, O -which O -would O -explain O -, O -at O -least O -in O -part O -, O -their O -dissimilar O -responses O -to O -the O -ionizing O -rays O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fat O -and O -protein O -content O -of O -milk O -decreased O -significantly O -at O -30 O -degrees O -C O -; O -the O -proportion O -of O -shorter O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -C6 O -- O -C14 O -) O -IN O -THE O -milk O -fat O -also O -decreased O -at O -30 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -proportion O -of O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -rumen O -contents O -decreased O -significantly O -at O -30 O -degrees O -C O -, O -in O -association O -with O -a O -small O -decrease O -in O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Expediency O -of O -including O -ganglionic O -blockaders O -and O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -the O -complex O -treatment O -of O -vibration O -disease O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Interferon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -virus O -inhibitors O -appeared O -in O -the O -blood O -serum O -of O -animals O -and O -in O -the O -culture O -fluid O -15 O -min O -. O -- O -- O -1 O -hour O -and O -4 O -- O -6 O -hours O -after O -administration O -of O -AET O -( O -S O -, O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethylisotiuronium I-Chemical -) O -and O -cystaphos O -( O -monosodium O -salt B-Chemical -of O -beta O -- O -aminoethylthiophosphorus O -acid O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -demonstrated O -that O -lipolysis O -took O -place O -in O -isolated O -fat O -cells O -at O -an O -optimum O -pH O -of O -7 O -. O -4 O -and O -was O -markedly O -stimulated O -by O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -by O -blood O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -- O -stimulated O -lipolysis O -exhibited O -optimum O -activity O -at O -pH O -8 O -and O -was O -inhibited O -by O -1M O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -depletion O -of O -NE O -seems O -the O -sequel O -of O -diminished O -synthesis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -unaltered O -turnover O -rate O -, O -due O -to O -a O -blockade O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -either O -by O -accumulation O -of O -false O -neurochemical O -transmitters O -or O -by O -phenylalanine O -. O - -aps B-category -" O -intestinal O -sterilization O -" O -and O -total O -colectomy O -have O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -the O -ammonia B-Chemical -level O -, O -but O -cause O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -level O -or O -aromatic O -precursor O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -plasma O -and O -brain O -, O -with O -normalization O -of O -the O -level O -of O -cerebral O -transmitters O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Inducible O -accumulation O -of O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutaric O -acid O -in O -cultures O -of O -Streptomyces O -hygroscopicus O -JA O -6599 O -producing O -a O -macrolide B-Chemical -antibiotic O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -diluted O -cultures O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -was O -found O -to O -be O -distinctly O -higher O -than O -in O -non O -- O -diluted O -ones O -and O -, O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -mycelial O -activities O -of O -both O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -decarboxylases O -were O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -macrolide B-Chemical -antibiotic O -A O -6599 O -produced O -by O -S O -. O -hygroscopicus O -JA O -6599 O -itself O -was O -shown O -to O -interfere O -with O -the O -accumulation O -of O -2 O -- O -oxoglutaric O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -miracidia O -were O -able O -to O -live O -for O -3 O -hours O -if O -water O -contained O -20 O -mM O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -10 O -mM O -KCl O -, O -and O -1 O -mM O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -requirement O -in O -patients O -with O -parodontopathies O -living O -at O -different O -altitude O -levels O -in O -Kirghizia O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -of O -the O -yellow O -mutant O -, O -however O -, O -change O -the O -yellow O -color O -immediately O -after O -the O -alkali B-Chemical -treatment O -to O -orange O -- O -red O -; O -this O -new O -color O -is O -identical O -with O -that O -of O -the O -wild O -type O -and O -can O -be O -changed O -to O -yellow O -by O -placing O -the O -cells O -into O -1 O -N O -HCl O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -hydroxylases O -by O -Aspergillus O -niger O -173 O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -transformation O -activity O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -was O -more O -pronounced O -with O -mycelia O -induced O -in O -citrate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -than O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -transformation O -activity O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -was O -optimal O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -In O -- O -vitro O -study O -of O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -pneumococci O -to O -7 O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -The O -EEG O -effects O -of O -VUFB O -- O -10 O -. O -032 O -, O -clozapine B-Chemical -and O -octoclothepin O -in O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -EEG O -changes O -in O -the O -treatment O -with O -medazepam O -and O -oxazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Preliminary O -study O -of O -parenteral O -lorazepam B-Chemical -in O -status O -epilepticus O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -adults O -and O -one O -6 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -child O -were O -injected O -respectively O -with O -5 O -mg O -and O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -lorazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Alanine O -formation O -and O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -in O -the O -nerve O -tissue O -with O -proliferating O -macroglia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -assume O -that O -a O -higher O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -in O -the O -tissue O -with O -macroglia O -proliferation O -can O -reflect O -either O -a O -higher O -synthesis O -of O -the O -enzyme O -in O -the O -altered O -tissue O -, O -or O -a O -predominance O -of O -glial O -elements O -in O -the O -altered O -tissue O -possessing O -a O -higher O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -than O -the O -nerve O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Fructose O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -were O -found O -only O -in O -samples O -of O -sweetened O -bread O -. O - -aps B-category -Mouth O -rinsing O -with O -the O -extract O -of O -sweetened O -wheat O -bread O -( O -sucrose B-Chemical -7 O -. O -7 O -per O -cent O -of O -the O -dough O -weight O -) O -caused O -pH O -- O -decreases O -in O -plaque O -which O -were O -significantly O -more O -pronounced O -than O -those O -induced O -by O -the O -water O -extract O -of O -unsweetened O -wheat O -bread O -. O - -aps B-category -pKa O -' O -s O -of O -fourteen O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blockers O -, O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -were O -determined O -potentiometrically O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -acidosis O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -monophosphate O -accumulation O -and O -lipolysis O -in O -isolated O -rat O -fat O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -nucleotide B-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -in O -homogenates O -of O -fat O -cells O -was O -inhibited O -by O -decreasing O -the O -pH O -, O -whether O -measured O -at O -high O -or O -low O -substrate O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -AMP O -- O -dependent O -and O -independent O -inhibition O -of O -lipolysis O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -and O -decreased O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -report O -we O -have O -examined O -the O -quantitative O -relationship O -between O -lipolysis O -and O -cAMP B-Chemical -formation O -at O -normal O -and O -reduced O -pH O -and O -the O -possible O -involvement O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -, O -an O -endogenous O -inhibitor O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -Theophylline B-Chemical -, O -an O -antagonist O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -effects O -, O -stimulated O -lipolysis O -and O -cAMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -accumulation I-Chemical -, O -and O -potentiated O -responses O -to O -NA O -. O - -aps B-category -Acidosis O -inhibited O -lipolysis O -and O -cAMP B-Chemical -accumulation O -induced O -by O -ADA O -and O -theophylline B-Chemical -to O -a O -larger O -extent O -than O -those O -induced O -by O -NA O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -curvilinear O -relationship O -between O -cAMP B-Chemical -elevation O -and O -glycerol O -production O -in O -fat O -cell O -suspensions O -, O -which O -was O -different O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -and O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antilipolytic O -effect O -of O -acidosis O -is O -apparently O -due O -partly O -to O -an O -inhibition O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -formation O -and O -partly O -to O -inhibition O -of O -subsequent O -step O -( O -s O -) O -in O -the O -activation O -sequence O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -haematologic O -parameters O -correlated O -significantly O -better O -with O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tensions O -than O -with O -oxygen B-Chemical -tensions O -in O -the O -bone O -marrow O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biochemistry O -and O -analysis O -of O -lead B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Soluble O -monoamine O -oxidase O -from O -rabbit O -small O -intestine O -catabolized O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -Km O -= O -1 O -. O -8 O -times O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -, O -pH O -- O -optimum O -8 O -. O -8 O -) O -but O -not O -putrescine O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -was O -inhibited O -by O -pargyline O -, O -but O -not O -by O -aminoguanidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -To O -confirm O -this O -hypothesis O -, O -in O -rabbits O -the O -small O -intestine O -was O -damaged O -severely O -by O -inducing O -total O -intestinal O -ischemia O -, O -which O -occurs O -as O -mesenteric O -infarction O -also O -in O -human O -subjects O -and O -is O -accompanied O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Alterations O -in O -the O -circulatory O -system O -of O -anaesthesized O -dogs O -following O -administration O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -- O -and O -H2 O -- O -Receptor O -antagonists O -in O -relation O -to O -plasma O -histamine B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Myocardial O -ischemia O -and O -cell O -acidosis O -: O -Modification O -by O -alkali B-Chemical -and O -the O -effects O -on O -ventricular O -function O -and O -cation O -composition O -. O - -aps B-category -Infusions O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -carbonate O -diminished O -intracellular O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Calculations O -of O -extracellular O -space O -, O -tissue O -water O -and O -cation O -content O -revealed O -a O -reduced O -gain O -of O -cell O -sodium B-Chemical -ion O -and O -loss O -of O -cell O -potassium B-Chemical -ion O -during O -ischemia O -after O -alkali B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -allopurinol B-Chemical -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -on O -infarct O -size O -in O -experimental O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Allopurinol B-Chemical -did O -not O -influence O -the O -extent O -of O -myocardial O -necrosis O -, O -whereas O -both O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -significantly O -reduced O -myocardial O -infarct O -size O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -between O -cedilanid O -- O -D O -and O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -selective O -beta O -receptor O -blocking O -agent O -, O -on O -exercise O -tolerance O -and O -systolic O -intervals O -was O -studied O -in O -15 O -patients O -with O -angina O -pectoris O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -arriving O -at O -the O -laboratory O -each O -received O -50 O -mg O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -orally O -; O -thereafter O -, O -either O -cedilanid O -- O -D O -or O -placebo O -was O -infused O -intravenously O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -performed O -in O -randomized O -order O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -therefore O -appears O -that O -there O -is O -no O -indication O -for O -the O -routine O -use O -of O -digitalis B-Chemical -during O -beta O -blocking O -therapy O -in O -patients O -with O -angina O -pectoris O -who O -do O -not O -have O -cardiac O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -therefore O -studied O -the O -effect O -on O -blood O -pressure O -, O -heart O -rate O -and O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -of O -the O -beta O -blocking O -drug O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -( O -Trasicor O -) O -which O -has O -considerable O -intrinsic O -sympathomimetic O -activity O -, O -both O -alone O -and O -in O -combination O -with O -the O -benzothiadiazine O -cyclopenthiazide O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxprenolol B-Chemical -reduced O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -without O -inducing O -significant O -bradycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -2 O -) O -inhibition O -of O -the O -otherwise O -inevitable O -increase O -in O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -with O -the O -use O -of O -a O -diuretic B-Chemical -drug O -, O -and O -( O -3 O -) O -only O -moderate O -inhibition O -of O -overall O -sympathetic O -activity O -indicates O -that O -it O -is O -possible O -to O -achieve O -physiologic O -balance O -with O -the O -appropriate O -beta O -blocking O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -eliminated O -the O -syncope O -in O -all O -patients O -, O -although O -the O -ECGs O -remained O -abnormal O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -assay O -for O -piperazine B-Chemical -citrate B-Chemical -in O -Piperazine O -Citrate B-Chemical -Syrup O -USP O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -complex O -can O -be O -extracted O -with O -chloroform B-Chemical -and O -measured O -spectrophotometrically O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bactericidal O -activity O -of O -the O -drug O -against O -most O -strains O -of O -gram O -- O -positive O -bacteria O -including O -penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -was O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -oxacillin B-Chemical -and O -approximately O -fourfold O -greater O -than O -that O -of O -cloxacillin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -percentage O -of O -flucloxacillin O -bound O -by O -serum O -protein O -was O -94 O -. O -6 O -per O -cent O -; O -for O -cloxacillin O -and O -oxacillin B-Chemical -the O -values O -were O -93 O -. O -5 O -and O -91 O -. O -5 O -per O -cent O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -, O -when O -administered O -orally O -, O -this O -new O -agent O -may O -offer O -some O -therapeutic O -advantage O -over O -oxacillin B-Chemical -and O -cloxacillin O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -patient O -required O -large O -quantities O -of O -both O -alkali B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -to O -correct O -the O -electrolyte O -abnormalities O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -studies O -of O -acidification O -in O -vitro O -, O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -causes O -increased O -H O -+ O -permeability O -and O -has O -little O -effect O -on O -HCO O -- O -3 O -permeability O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -and O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -on O -ion O -transport O -by O -isolated O -gastric O -mucosa O -of O -the O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -Salicylate B-Chemical -, O -3 O -mM O -, O -did O -not O -alter O -, O -but O -20 O -mM O -caused O -a O -40 O -% O -decrease O -in O -, O -the O -acid O -secretory O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -luminal B-Chemical -pH O -4 O -, O -however O -, O -salicylate B-Chemical -increased O -Cl O -- O -in O -addition O -to O -Na O -+ O -and O -H O -+ O -permeability O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -salicylate B-Chemical -and O -taurocholate O -increase O -cation O -permeability O -at O -pH O -7 O -, O -they O -have O -differing O -effects O -on O -acid O -secretion O -and O -anion O -permeability O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -liver O -extract O -( O -LE O -) O -meal O -, O -confined O -to O -the O -stomach O -and O -maintained O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -0 O -by O -an O -intragastric O -titration O -technique O -, O -produced O -acid O -output O -reaching O -66 O -% O -of O -the O -maximal O -response O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -( O -MRH O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthetic O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -16 O -, O -16 O -- O -dimethyl O -E2 O -( O -PGE2 B-Chemical -) O -given O -by O -intravenous O -infusion O -at O -0 O -. O -4 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -- O -h O -inhibited O -gastric O -secretion O -of O -H O -+ O -, O -K O -+ O -, O -Cl O -- O -, O -and O -pepsin O -in O -four O -fistula O -dogs O -stimulated O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -( O -H O -) O -, O -pentagastrin O -( O -P O -) O -, O -urecholine O -( O -U O -) O -, O -and O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -( O -2 O -- O -DG O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Injection O -of O -KCl O -, O -1 O -meq O -/ O -kg O -, O -during O -inhibition O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -by O -PGE2 B-Chemical -gave O -only O -a O -15 O -- O -min O -transient O -reversal O -in O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Against O -pentagastrin O -, O -0 O -. O -1 O -mug O -PGE2 B-Chemical -/ O -kg O -- O -h O -had O -no O -effect O -and O -0 O -. O -4 O -mug O -caused O -uncompetitive O -inhibition O -; O -against O -urecholine O -, O -0 O -. O -4 O -mug O -PGE2 B-Chemical -/ O -kg O -- O -h O -caused O -competitive O -inhibition O -of O -H O -+ O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -on O -equilibrium O -between O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Bohr O -coefficient O -, O -deltalog O -P50 O -/ O -deltapH O -, O -was O -determined O -as O -a O -function O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -for O -various O -concentrations O -of O -CO O -- O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Representative O -samples O -of O -each O -species O -were O -tested O -by O -solid O -phase O -radioimmunoassay O -for O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBSAg O -, O -Australia O -antigen O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -our O -study O -of O -hemorrhagic O -shock O -in O -dogs O -was O -to O -examine O -the O -efficacy O -of O -adding O -Ringer O -' O -s O -lactate B-Chemical -to O -shed O -blood O -replacement O -in O -increasing O -animal O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -positive O -correlation O -between O -changes O -in O -cardiac O -output O -, O -central O -venous O -oxygen B-Chemical -content O -, O -and O -PO2 O -and O -extracellular O -fluid O -PO2 O -as O -measured O -using O -subcutaneously O -implanted O -Silastic O -tubing O -and O -perforated O -plastic O -balls O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -many O -separate O -factors O -which O -, O -underwater O -, O -can O -lead B-Chemical -by O -some O -unfortunate O -combination O -of O -circumstances O -towards O -death O -usually O -, O -but O -not O -always O -, O -by O -drowning O -. O - -aps B-category -Proline O -determination O -with O -isatin O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thin O -sections O -of O -specimens O -that O -had O -been O -prepared O -for O -scanning O -electron O -microscopy O -showed O -that O -the O -gold B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -palladium I-Chemical -coating O -was O -desposited O -directly O -on O -the O -indented O -surface O -of O -the O -lipid O -core O -of O -lipolyzed O -chylomicrons O -fixed O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -very O -different O -drug O -distribution O -coefficients O -of O -two O -closely O -related O -narcotic O -antagonists O -, O -naloxone B-Chemical -and O -naltrexone O -, O -correctly O -predicted O -the O -faster O -onset O -and O -shorter O -duration O -of O -the O -former O -, O -which O -was O -confirmed O -by O -reported O -clinical O -observations O -. O - -aps B-category -Venous O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -concentrations O -did O -increase O -significantly O -with O -training O -and O -may O -be O -of O -value O -for O -the O -biochemical O -evaluation O -of O -fitness O -in O -horses O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -and O -mixed O -venous O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -increased O -after O -exercise O -, O -reaching O -peak O -values O -at O -6 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -decreased O -immediately O -after O -exercise O -, O -reaching O -its O -lowest O -value O -at O -6 O -minutes O -, O -and O -returned O -to O -resting O -value O -by O -30 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -in O -mixed O -venous O -pH O -was O -more O -pronounced O -than O -that O -in O -arterial O -blood O -since O -, O -in O -addition O -to O -the O -increase O -in O -lartic O -acid O -, O -there O -was O -a O -considerable O -increase O -in O -mixed O -venous O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasmid O -- O -mediated O -penicillin B-Chemical -beta O -- O -lactamases O -in O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimal O -pH O -for O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -benzylpenicillin B-Chemical -was O -7 O -. O -0 O -to O -7 O -. O -5 O -and O -the O -optimal O -temperature O -was O -45 O -C O -, O -with O -the O -PCase O -also O -showing O -high O -activity O -against O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -immunosuppressive O -effect O -of O -four O -analogues O -of O -rifampin B-Chemical -and O -two O -streptovaracins O -on O -cell O -- O -mediated O -immunity O -has O -been O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -some O -of O -the O -analogues O -of O -rifampin B-Chemical -and O -the O -streptovaracins O -can O -significantly O -suppress O -cell O -- O -mediated O -immunity O -and O -suggest O -that O -other O -ansamycins O -may O -have O -significant O -immunosuppressant O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vitro O -activity O -of O -josamycin O -and O -erythromycin B-Chemical -against O -five O -bacterial O -species O -was O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -- O -dependent O -leaving O -group O -effects O -on O -hydrolysis O -reactions O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -phophonate O -esters O -catalyzed O -by O -wheat O -germ O -acid O -phosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -dependence O -of O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -13 I-Chemical -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -of O -NAD O -+ O -analogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -organic O -phosphates O -on O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -embryonic O -and O -adult O -- O -type O -hemoglobins O -of O -the O -chick O -embryo O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -two O -variants O -of O -poly O -( O -adenosine B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -ribose O -) O -glycohydrolase O -in O -rat O -testis O -. O - -aps B-category -Activity O -of O -imidazole O -on O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -and O -cyclic O -GMP O -by O -bovine O -heart O -and O -rat O -liver O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -phosphodiesterases O -. O - -aps B-category -Clearance O -, O -salivary O -secretion O -, O -blood O -pressure O -, O -and O -heart O -rate O -were O -determined O -in O -eight O -subjects O -after O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -subcutaneous O -administration O -of O -0 O -. O -25 O -mg O -terbutaline B-Chemical -sulfate O -, O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -stimulating O -compound O -and O -vehicle O -, O -respectively O -, O -in O -a O -crossover O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -result O -indicates O -that O -the O -blood O -concentrations O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -might O -be O -of O -importance O -for O -the O -regulation O -of O -the O -mucociliary O -transport O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Upon O -explantation O -of O -valve O -leaflet O -fragments O -into O -tissue O -culture O -, O -only O -fragments O -from O -valves O -that O -metabolized O -glucose B-Chemical -produced O -viable O -fibroblast O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -ADH O -) O -of O -Anabaena O -cylindrica O -has O -been O -purified O -700 O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -Aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -biosynthesis O -in O -Alcaligenes O -eutrophus O -H O -16 O -III O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -purification O -procedure O -the O -enzyme O -was O -stabilized O -by O -50 O -mM O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -or O -during O -chromatography O -on O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -and O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -with O -30 O -% O -glucerol O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Elevated O -activity O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -in O -the O -kidneys O -of O -pregnant O -animals O -, O -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -the O -liver O -of O -nonpregnant O -guinea O -pigs O -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cells O -producing O -steroid B-Chemical -hormones O -always O -well O -hydrolize O -AS O -naphthyl O -- O -phosphates O -, O -the O -reaction O -with O -glycerophosphate O -is O -more O -variable O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -a O -4 O -week O -placebo O -period O -, O -high O -dosage O -tranquilizers O -were O -given O -for O -16 O -weeks O -and O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -was O -added O -for O -the O -following O -16 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Below O -a O -pH O -of O -7 O -. O -2 O -metabolic O -acidosis O -at O -normal O -arterial O -CO2 O -- O -tensions O -caused O -an O -increase O -of O -coronary O -blood O -flow O -and O -a O -decrease O -of O -coronary O -vascular O -resistance O -associated O -with O -a O -narrowed O -myocardial O -arteriovenous O -O2 O -- O -difference O -, O -indicating O -vasodilation O -at O -unchanged O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -. O - -aps B-category -EDTA O -, O -1 O -, O -10 O -- O -phenanthroline O -, O -cysteine B-Chemical -and O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -all O -inhibited O -collagenase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adsorption O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -alkylated O -glyceraldehyde O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -rabbit O -muscle O -to O -condensed O -monolayers O -of O -phosphatidic O -acid O -was O -investigated O -under O -a O -variety O -of O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -glyceraldehyde O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -binds O -to O -condensed O -charged O -monolayers O -by O -multiple O -electrostatic O -interactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Muscle O -biopsies O -taken O -from O -the O -musculus O -quadriceps O -femoris O -of O -man O -were O -analysed O -for O -pH O -, O -ATP O -, O -ADP O -, O -AMP O -, O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -creatine B-Chemical -, O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increase O -of O -22mumol O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -plus O -pyruvate B-Chemical -per O -g O -of O -muscle O -resulted O -in O -a O -fall O -of O -0 O -. O -5pH O -unit O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -low O -content O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -muscle O -after O -contraction O -as O -analysed O -from O -needle O -- O -biopsy O -samples O -is O -believed O -to O -be O -a O -consequence O -of O -an O -altered O -equilibrium O -state O -of O -the O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Cell O -- O -free O -extracts O -of O -the O -acetophenone O -- O -grown O -organism O -contained O -an O -enzyme O -, O -acetophenone O -oxygenase O -, O -that O -catalysed O -an O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -consumption O -of O -O O -( O -2 O -) O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -growth O -substrate O -; O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -Cell O -- O -free O -extracts O -also O -contained O -an O -enzyme O -capable O -of O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -phenyl O -acetate O -to O -phenol B-Chemical -and O -acetate O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -degradative O -sequence O -is O -proposed O -in O -which O -acetophenone O -is O -metabolized O -by O -an O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -insertion I-Chemical -reaction O -to O -form O -phenyl O -acetate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -that O -the O -obelin O -might O -have O -been O -released O -from O -the O -; O -ghosts O -' O -during O -an O -experiment O -was O -investigated O -by O -studying O -the O -release O -of O -inulin O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -from O -the O -; O -ghosts O -' O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -these O -concentrations O -or O -lower O -, O -it O -increases O -the O -P O -/ O -O O -ratio O -of O -the O -particles O -to O -a O -small O -extent O -and O -inhibits O -the O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -activity O -without O -greatly O -increasing O -its O -sensitivity O -to O -uncoupling O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Salt O -induced O -deprotonation O -of O -initially O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -transfer O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -with O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -- O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -Acidification O -of O -plasma O -by O -the O -red O -cell O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -radiographic O -contrast B-Chemical -materials I-Chemical -: O -a O -possible O -cause O -of O -adverse O -effects O -on O -the O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -a O -cardioselective O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -on O -symptoms O -and O -exercise O -tolerance O -was O -studied O -in O -16 O -patients O -with O -angina O -pectoris O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Anaesthesia O -and O -amnesia O -with O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -availability O -of O -PteGlu7 O -is O -decreased O -to O -54 O -% O -by O -supplementation O -with O -600 O -g O -concentrated O -orange O -juice O -( O -pH O -3 O -. O -7 O -) O -and O -to O -39 O -% O -and O -66 O -% O -by O -the O -supplement O -of O -24 O -g O -and O -12 O -g O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -pH O -3 O -. O -7 O -) O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -availability O -of O -pteroylmonoglutamate O -( O -PteGlu O -) O -is O -not O -influenced O -by O -a O -supplement O -of O -orange O -juice O -or O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -a O -single O -venous O -blood O -sample O -to O -assess O -oxygen B-Chemical -binding O -in O -haemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -cause O -a O -decreased O -fluorescence O -while O -anoxia O -and O -cyanide O -cause O -a O -rise O -in O -fluorescence O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distribution O -of O -the O -weak O -base O -dimethyloxazolidinedione O -indicated O -that O -the O -pH O -in O -the O -interior O -of O -aerobic O -E O -. O -coli O -supplied O -with O -lactate B-Chemical -was O -alkaline O -by O -0 O -. O -1 O -unit O -and O -unaffected O -by O -colicin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -organic O -product O -from O -all O -three O -cleavage O -reactions O -is O -acetophenone O -and O -the O -cobalt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -product O -is O -aquacobalamin O -( O -or O -hydroxocobalamin O -, O -its O -conjugate O -base O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Approximately O -20 O -- O -30 O -% O -of O -the O -total O -adenylate O -and O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -is O -located O -at O -the O -top O -of O -the O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -( O -soluble O -enzyme O -) O -, O -the O -remainder O -of O -the O -activity O -being O -distributed O -in O -the O -PMI O -and O -PMII O -fractions O -( O -membrane O -- O -bound O -enzyme O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Approximately O -30 O -- O -40 O -% O -of O -the O -adenylate O -and O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activities O -in O -PMII O -can O -be O -converted O -to O -a O -PMI O -- O -like O -form O -following O -dialysis O -and O -resedimentation O -through O -a O -second O -nonlinear O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -were O -used O -to O -follow O -the O -addition O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -or O -cobalt B-Chemical -to O -the O -apoprotein O -, O -and O -the O -titration O -of O -the O -protein O -with O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -or O -the O -inhibitor O -2 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -5 O -- O -nitrobenzylphosphonate O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectra O -of O -the O -cobalt B-Chemical -enzyme O -indicate O -that O -on O -specific O -tyrosine B-Chemical -per O -subunit O -may O -be O -near O -the O -metal O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -31P O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -study O -of O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -: O -the O -role O -of O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -limiting O -the O -enzyme O -turnover O -rate O -at O -alkaline O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidencq O -for O -the O -tight O -binding O -of O -1 O -. O -5 O -- O -2 O -. O -0 O -mol O -of O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -per O -dimer O -of O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -31P O -NMR O -line O -width O -of O -the O -E O -- O -P1 O -complex O -indicates O -that O -the O -dissociation O -of O -noncovalent O -phosphate B-Chemical -is O -the O -rate O -- O -limiting O -step O -in O -the O -turnover O -of O -the O -enzyme O -at O -high O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -human O -erythrocyte O -membrane O -contains O -a O -cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cyclic O -AMP O -) O -- O -dependent O -protein O -kinase O -and O -several O -substrates O -for O -this O -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -adenylyltransferase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -7 O -. O -42 O -) O -, O -WHIch O -catalyzes O -the O -adenylylation O -and O -deadenylylation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -E O -. O -coli O -, O -has O -been O -stabilized O -and O -purified O -2200 O -- O -fold O -to O -apparent O -homogeneity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intrinsic O -tryptophanyl O -residue O -flourescence O -of O -adenylyltransferase O -is O -two O -fold O -greater O -than O -that O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -; O -this O -property O -has O -been O -used O -to O -monitor O -ligand O -- O -induced O -conformational O -changes O -in O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adenylytransferase O -has O -separate O -interaction O -sites O -for O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -and O -the O -regulatory O -PII O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -these O -latter O -protons O -is O -translocated O -to O -the O -inside O -of O -the O -thylakoid O -while O -the O -other O -is O -taken O -up O -in O -H2O2 B-Chemical -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -" O -respiratory O -adaptation O -" O -of O -Bacillus O -coagulans O -, O -it O -was O -possible O -to O -dissociate O -the O -kinetics O -of O -cytochrome O -a O -and O -a3 O -synthesis O -with O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -silver B-Chemical -ion O -binding O -and O -pH O -on O -the O -buoyant O -density O -of O -DNA O -and O -its O -use O -in O -fractionating O -heterogeneous O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -individual O -subunits O -were O -not O -sweet O -, O -neither O -did O -they O -block O -the O -sweet O -sensation O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -or O -monellin O -. O - -aps B-category -Norgestrel O -- O -binding O -protein O -in O -the O -plasma O -appeared O -to O -be O -a O -protein O -different O -from O -human O -serum O -albumin O -, O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -and O -sex B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -steroid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -investigation O -finds O -that O -neither O -the O -specific O -binding O -of O -alpha O -- O -methyl O -- O -D O -- O -mannoside O -nor O -alteration O -of O -the O -Concanavalin O -A O -quaternary O -structure O -changes O -the O -number O -or O -accessibility O -of O -the O -solvent O -- O -exposed O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -this O -purpose O -stripped O -deoxygenated O -haemoglobin O -was O -used O -as O -a O -rapid O -oxygen B-Chemical -acceptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracellular O -pH O -was O -then O -measured O -by O -distribution O -of O -morpholine O -( O -6 O -. O -985 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -08 O -) O -, O -nicotine B-Chemical -( O -6 O -. O -915 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -03 O -) O -and O -the O -weak O -acid O -5 O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -dimethyl O -- O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -oxazolidinedione O -( O -7 O -. O -10 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -and O -the O -pH O -- O -sensitive O -microelectrodes O -( O -5 O -. O -9 O -, O -the O -equilibrium O -value O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cyclic O -GMP O -) O -stimulates O -nucleic O -acid O -synthesis O -in O -lymphocytes O -, O -and O -has O -been O -implicated O -as O -the O -intracellular O -effector O -of O -the O -actions O -of O -mitogenic O -agents O -on O -these O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -cyclic O -AMP O -, O -8 O -- O -Br O -- O -cyclic O -AMP O -, O -8 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Br I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -, O -cholera O -toxin O -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -suppressed O -both O -basal O -[ O -3H O -] O -thymidine B-Chemical -incorporation O -and O -stimulation O -of O -this O -parameter O -by O -T O -- O -cell O -mitogens O -and O -the O -guanine O -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protein O -kinases O -of O -Peak O -IH O -and O -IIH O -were O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cyclic O -AMP O -) O -- O -dependent O -and O -had O -similar O -enzymic O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -protein O -kinase O -in O -Peak O -IVC O -was O -inhibited O -by O -univalent O -salts O -and O -preferred O -phosvitin O -to O -casein O -, O -utilizing O -either O -ATP O -or O -GTP O -as O -a O -phosphate B-Chemical -donor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -crystalline O -samples O -were O -subjected O -to O -gel O -filtration O -chromatography O -under O -a O -wide O -variety O -of O -conditions O -and O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -disc O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Aliphatic O -alcohols O -did O -not O -inhibit O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -acetate O -; O -the O -most O -potent O -inhibitors O -of O -esterase O -activity O -were O -mercuric O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -diisopropylfluorophosphate B-Chemical -, O -eserine B-Chemical -, O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -small O -size O -of O -molecules O -and O -the O -presence O -of O -hydroxyls O -and O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -increase O -the O -percentage O -of O -transfer O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -of O -the O -kinetic O -properties O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -converting I-Chemical -enzyme O -( O -peptidyl O -- O -dipeptide O -hydrolase O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -15 O -. O -1 O -) O -purified O -from O -hog O -lung O -have O -been O -determined O -using O -hippurylglycylglycine O -as O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Chloride O -is O -required O -for O -enzyme O -activity O -; O -there O -are O -two O -phases O -in O -the O -effect O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -by O -cobalt B-Chemical -and O -inhibition O -by O -EDTA O -are O -somewhat O -more O -effective O -at O -pH O -6 O -than O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -by O -polyanions O -and O -salts O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -constants O -, O -substrate O -and O -donor O -nucleotide B-Chemical -sugar O -specificities O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetic O -and O -inhibition O -constants O -, O -glycolipid O -substrate O -specificity O -and O -nucleotide B-Chemical -sugar O -donor O -specificity O -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alkylatable O -cysteine B-Chemical -residues O -may O -contribute O -to O -a O -manganous O -- O -isocitrate O -binding O -site O -which O -is O -responsible O -for O -stabilizing O -an O -active O -conformation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -NADP O -- O -dependent O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -4 O -) O -extracted O -from O -nuclear O -fractions O -of O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -was O -partially O -purified O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -of O -the O -nuclear O -activity O -to O -variation O -of O -pH O -, O -of O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -other O -electrolyte O -concentration O -and O -of O -the O -concentration O -of O -the O -reaction O -substrates O -has O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -kinetic O -studies O -on O -the O -L O -- O -type O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -from O -rat O -liver O -and O -the O -enzyme O -phosphorylated O -by O -cyclic O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -AMP O -- O -stimulated O -protein O -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -fructose O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphate O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -3 O -, O -the O -phosphorylated O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -appeared O -to O -have O -a O -lower O -affinity O -for O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -( O -K0 O -. O -5 O -= O -0 O -. O -8 O -mM O -) O -than O -the O -unphosphorylated O -enzyme O -( O -K0 O -. O -5 O -= O -0 O -. O -3 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -mM O -alanine B-Chemical -plus O -1 O -. O -5 O -mM O -ATP O -, O -a O -higher O -fructose O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphate O -concentration O -was O -needed O -for O -activation O -, O -with O -K0 O -. O -5 O -of O -0 O -. O -4 O -muM O -for O -the O -unphosphorylated O -enzyme O -and O -of O -1 O -. O -4 O -muM O -for O -the O -phosphorylated O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -denaturants O -on O -the O -quantitation O -of O -free O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -in O -the O -enzyme O -rhodanese O -( O -thiosulfate O -sulfurtransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -8 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -) O -has O -been O -reinvestigated O -in O -some O -detail O -. O - -aps B-category -32 O -300 O -) O -when O -the O -colorimetric O -reagent O -is O -added O -to O -the O -assay O -mixture O -before O -the O -denaturant O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -depend O -on O -the O -denaturant O -used O -: O -urea B-Chemical -acts O -like O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -while O -guanidine O -reveals O -four O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -independent O -of O -reagent O -order O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -assay O -also O -gives O -four O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -independent O -of O -reagent O -order O -with O -urea B-Chemical -or O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -under O -conditions O -which O -are O -expected O -to O -limit O -metal O -ion O -- O -catalyzed O -oxidation O -of O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -studies O -have O -shown O -that O -rhodanese O -has O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -32 O -600 O -, O -no O -disulfides O -and O -four O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -per O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -active O -towards O -the O -substrates O -, O -dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical -, O -epiandrosterone O -and O -pregnenolone O -but O -was O -inactive O -towards O -oestrogens B-Chemical -, O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -ergocalciferol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -appeared O -to O -be O -highly O -susceptible O -to O -product O -inhibition O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nuclear O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -examined O -by O -utilizing O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -as O -substrate O -, O -had O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -9 O -. O -5 O -- O -10 O -. O -3 O -, O -and O -a O -broad O -substrate O -specificity O -: O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -greater O -than O -phosphothreonine O -greater O -than O -beta O -- O -glycerophosphate O -greater O -than O -phosphoserine O -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -replacement O -following O -orchiectomy O -abolished O -the O -increase O -in O -nuclear O -phosphatase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Removal O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -groups O -from O -casein O -with O -potato O -acid O -phosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -phosphate B-Chemical -inhibition O -is O -considerable O -( O -K1 O -= O -0 O -. O -42 O -mM O -phosphate B-Chemical -) O -, O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -ions O -produced O -by O -the O -dephosphorylation O -of O -casein O -can O -be O -removed O -by O -dialysis O -, O -allowing O -the O -reaction O -to O -go O -to O -completion O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -the O -removal O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -groups O -from O -casein O -does O -not O -alter O -its O -primary O -structure O -. O - -aps B-category -Multiple O -forms O -of O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -in O -pig O -epidermis O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -pH O -optimum O -for O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzyloxycarbonyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -was O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -- O -7 O -. O -7 O -and O -its O -molecular O -weight O -as O -judged O -by O -gel O -filtration O -was O -72 O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -has O -a O -strong O -preference O -for O -neutral O -aliphatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -and O -does O -not O -hydrolyse O -C O -- O -terminal O -proline O -, O -arginine O -or O -lysine O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -of O -the O -enzymes O -was O -achieved O -by O -the O -freezing O -- O -thawing O -technique O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -fractionation O -and O -Sephadex O -gel O -filtration O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -of O -multiple O -forms O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -from O -rabbit O -intestine O -. O - -aps B-category -NADH O -- O -cytochrome O -c O -reductase O -activity O -is O -unaffected O -by O -formate O -in O -submitochondrial O -particles O -, O -but O -mitochondrial O -oxidation O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -plus O -malate B-Chemical -is O -subject O -both O -to O -terminal O -inhibition O -at O -the O -cytochrome O -aa3 O -level O -and O -to O -a O -slow O -extra O -inhibition O -by O -formate O -following O -uncoupler O -addition O -, O -indicating O -a O -third O -site O -of O -formate O -action O -in O -the O -intact O -mitochondrion O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -the O -extraction O -procedure O -opens O -different O -conductive O -channels O -in O -the O -membrane O -; O -a O -proton O -specific O -one O -, O -possibly O -associated O -with O -the O -binding O -protein O -for O -the O -coupling O -factor O -, O -plus O -other O -channels O -for O -" O -non O -- O -protons O -" O -which O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -proton O -channel O -cannot O -be O -plugged O -by O -reincorporation O -of O -the O -coupling O -factor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -accumulation O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -radical O -during O -the O -aerobic O -action O -of O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -H2O2 B-Chemical -decreases O -this O -accumulation O -of O -O2 O -- O -presumably O -because O -of O -the O -Haber O -- O -Weiss O -reaction O -( O -H2O2 B-Chemical -+ O -O2 O -- O -leads O -to O -OH O -- O -+ O -OH O -+ O -O2 O -) O -and O -very O -small O -amounts O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -eliminate O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -Mutant O -C O -- O -6E O -, O -which O -contains O -neither O -carotenoids B-Chemical -nor O -chlorophyll O -b O -and O -lacks O -Photosystem O -II O -activity O -, O -demonstrates O -a O -normal O -signal O -I O -of O -the O -520 O -nm O -absorbance O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -transport O -across O -the O -isolated O -red O -blood O -cell O -membrane O -were O -studied O -by O -a O -simple O -and O -precise O -spectrophotometric O -method O -: O -following O -the O -oxidation O -of O -NADH O -via O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -trapped O -within O -resealed O -ghosts O -. O - -aps B-category -Influx O -was O -limited O -by O -saturation O -at O -high O -pyruvate B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -energy O -of O -activation O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -flux O -into O -resealed O -ghosts O -was O -25 O -kcal O -/ O -mol O -, O -similar O -to O -that O -found O -in O -intact O -red O -blood O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -last O -reagent O -, O -known O -to O -induce O -disulfide O -links O -in O -certain O -membrane O -proteins O -, O -blocked O -the O -ionic O -strength O -stimulation O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -influx O -in O -this O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -well O -- O -behaved O -water O -soluble O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -porphyrin I-Chemical -system O -, O -meso O -- O -tetra O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -carboxyphenyl O -) O -porphinato O -iron B-Chemical -( O -III O -) O -was O -synthesized O -. O - -aps B-category -Sheep O -ovarian O -17 O -beta O -HSDH O -has O -been O -purified O -about O -1000 O -fold O -to O -a O -specific O -activity O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -IU O -/ O -mg O -protein O -, O -using O -DEAE O -cellulose O -chromatography O -, O -affinity O -chromatography O -on O -estrone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -caproate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Sepharose I-Chemical -and O -a O -second O -DEAE O -cellulose O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -contrary O -, O -the O -binding O -requirements O -are O -strict O -for O -the O -region O -of O -C10 O -since O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -C19 O -methyl O -group O -impairs O -binding O -and O -( O -or O -) O -oxidation O -of O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -composition O -of O -the O -native O -enzyme O -was O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -membranes O -by O -NaCl B-Chemical -1 O -M O -displaces O -phospholipase O -A1 O -and O -phospholipase O -A2 O -but O -for O -the O -latter O -only O -when O -being O -in O -active O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -non O -- O -starved O -cells O -, O -the O -presence O -of O -only O -one O -peak O -of O -maximal O -activity O -for O -phosphate B-Chemical -uptake O -at O -neutral O -pH O -( O -at O -low O -and O -high O -concentration O -) O -has O -been O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -starved O -cells O -, O -pCMPS O -inhibits O -more O -intensely O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -transport O -activity O -at O -alkaline O -pH O -than O -at O -neutral O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphate O -uptake O -at O -neutral O -and O -alkaline O -pH O -are O -sensitive O -to O -osmotic O -shock O -, O -but O -phosphate B-Chemical -uptake O -at O -alkaline O -pH O -is O -decreased O -more O -than O -at O -neutral O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Commercial O -aqueous O -25 O -% O -glutaraldehyde O -solutions O -contain O -no O -stable O -derivative O -of O -this O -aldehyde B-Chemical -, O -but O -compounds O -of O -variable O -molecular O -weight O -which O -easily O -revert O -to O -glutaraldehyde O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -a O -structure O -reacts O -with O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -to O -give O -an O -imino O -bond O -, O -stabilized O -by O -resonance O -with O -the O -ethylenic O -bond O -, O -and O -does O -not O -undergo O -Michael O -- O -type O -addition O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -a O -identical O -to O -[ O -1 O -- O -- O -( O -k O -/ O -k O -- O -2 O -) O -] O -- O -1 O -, O -it O -is O -shown O -that O -interaction O -of O -the O -enzyme O -with O -tetraethylammonium O -, O -pentamethonium O -, O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -and O -gallamine O -ions O -is O -characterized O -by O -: O -a O -greater O -than O -a O -and O -k O -- O -2 O -greater O -than O -k O -therefore O -, O -these O -modifiers O -accelerate O -deacetylation O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -effects O -of O -choline B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -, O -thiazinamium O -methyl O -sulfate O -and O -thioridazine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -are O -not O -entirely O -consistent O -with O -this O -mechanism O -but O -support O -the O -existence O -of O -a O -functional O -peripheral O -anionic O -site O -which O -is O -distinct O -from O -the O -anionic O -subsite O -of O -the O -active O -center O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Decanoic O -acid O -, O -new O -precursor O -for O -in O -vitro O -biosynthesis O -of O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -by O -a O -plant O -subcellular O -fraction O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -labelled O -precursor O -is O -transformed O -by O -this O -fraction O -mainly O -into O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -hydroxyacids O -. O - -aps B-category -Labelled O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -longer O -than O -lauric O -and O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -aromatic O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -( O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -28 O -) O -of O -rat O -brain O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -inhibited O -by O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -some O -cations O -: O -Cu O -+ O -+ O -, O -Fe O -+ O -+ O -, O -Ni O -+ O -+ O -by O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -also O -observe O -a O -spontaneous O -decarboxylation O -of O -the O -substrates O -that O -reaches O -a O -plateau O -and O -is O -enhanced O -by O -high O -concentrations O -of O -PLP O -, O -by O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -Cu O -+ O -+ O -and O -reduced O -by O -mercaptoethanol O -and O -the O -presence O -of O -crude O -or O -boiled O -homogenates O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -wax O -D O -, O -the O -water O -- O -soluble O -substances O -were O -devoid O -of O -arthritis O -- O -inducing O -activity O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -III O -- O -- O -The O -sterol B-Chemical -compositions O -of O -oceanic O -jellyfish O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mid O -- O -water O -animal O -, O -Periphylla O -periphylla O -, O -was O -found O -to O -contain O -a O -very O -complex O -and O -unusual O -sterol B-Chemical -profile O -including O -rare O -5alpha O -- O -stanols O -, O -whereas O -two O -other O -oceanic O -jellyfish O -Pelagia O -noctiluca O -and O -Atolla O -wyvillei O -contained O -similar O -mixtures O -of O -delta5 O -sterols O -to O -those O -previously O -isolated O -from O -coastal O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Trifluoroacetic O -acid O -was O -detected O -by O -the O -use O -of O -gas O -chromatography O -and O -low O -and O -high O -resolution O -gas O -chromatography O -mass O -spectrometry O -in O -an O -acidic O -extract O -of O -an O -incubation O -medium O -containing O -microsomes O -, O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -halothane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -results O -, O -it O -was O -proved O -that O -halothane B-Chemical -is O -oxidatively O -metabolized O -to O -trifluoroacetic O -acid O -by O -hepatic O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Through O -the O -operation O -of O -the O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -cyclotransferase O -cycle O -, O -this O -enzyme O -has O -been O -implicated O -in O -the O -transport O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -into O -cells O -, O -especially O -the O -cells O -of O -the O -proximal O -tubules O -of O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -a O -previous O -report O -, O -we O -were O -unable O -to O -find O -the O -accumulation O -of O -5 O -- O -oxoproline O -, O -an O -intermediate O -of O -the O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -cyclotransferase O -pathway O -in O -human O -red O -cells O -incubated O -in O -Krebs O -- O -Ringer O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -on O -the O -adrenergic O -neurone O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -Other O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -drugs O -( O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -phentolamine B-Chemical -) O -did O -not O -significantly O -lower O -heart O -amine B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combination O -of O -phentolamine B-Chemical -and O -desipramine B-Chemical -showed O -considerable O -activity O -, O -and O -this O -action O -was O -blocked O -by O -ganglionic O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -Other O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -( O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -thioridazine B-Chemical -) O -or O -other O -agents O -( O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -atropine B-Chemical -) O -did O -not O -share O -this O -action O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -clozapine B-Chemical -may O -have O -an O -incomplete O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -effect O -specifically O -on O -the O -adrenergic O -neurone O -, O -facilitating O -impulse O -- O -induced O -amine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -An O -interaction O -between O -the O -alpha O -and O -beta O -actions O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -guinea O -- O -pig O -liver O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptors O -in O -the O -human O -peripheral O -circulation O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -trial O -of O -fenfluramine B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -the O -chronic O -alcoholic O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -were O -interviewed O -on O -admission O -to O -the O -trial O -and O -then O -at O -four O -- O -weekly O -intervals O -for O -a O -period O -of O -one O -year O -and O -blood O -levels O -of O -delta O -- O -aminolaevulinic O -acid O -dehydratase O -( O -ALAD O -) O -and O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -( O -gammaGT O -) O -and O -fenfluramine B-Chemical -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Those O -receiving O -120 O -mg O -fenfluramine B-Chemical -daily O -showed O -significantly O -fewer O -lapses O -than O -either O -of O -the O -other O -two O -groups O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -- O -01 O -) O -on O -biochemical O -but O -not O -on O -clinical O -criteria O -. O - -aps B-category -More O -extensive O -trials O -of O -fenfluramine B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -chronic O -alcoholism O -are O -indicated O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -woman O -with O -an O -intracellular O -killing O -defect O -in O -the O -neutrophils O -had O -neutrophil O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -Tyrosine O -hydroxylase O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -: O -distribution O -in O -discrete O -areas O -of O -the O -rat O -limbic O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ratio O -between O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -activities O -showed O -a O -significant O -correlation O -when O -compared O -with O -the O -ratio O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -concentrations O -for O -the O -areas O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phosphate B-Chemical -releasing O -activity O -from O -calf O -scapula O -cartilage O -was O -resolved O -by O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -chromatography O -into O -two O -distinct O -phosphatase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphatase O -I O -acted O -towards O -oligo O -phosphates O -in O -a O -stepwise O -fashion O -hydrolyzing O -one O -phosphate B-Chemical -at O -a O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -male O -rat O -epiphysis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -testosterone B-Chemical -binding O -protein O -could O -not O -be O -identified O -within O -epiphyseal O -cytosol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cytotoxic O -action O -of O -the O -antitumor O -antibiotic O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -occurs O -primarily O -at O -the O -level O -of O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -, O -reduced O -chemically O -, O -was O -shown O -to O -induce O -single O -strand O -cleavage O -as O -well O -as O -monoaklylation O -and O -covalent O -cross O -- O -linking O -in O -PM2 O -covalently O -closed O -circular O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -behavior O -of O -the O -antibiotic O -streptonigrin O -, O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -does O -not O -inactivate O -the O -protective O -enzymes O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -or O -catalase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -sucrase O -from O -honey O -bees O -( O -Apis O -mellifera O -) O -which O -precipitates O -between O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -saturations O -of O -50 O -and O -70 O -% O -( O -5 O -mg O -protein O -per O -millilitre O -) O -and O -which O -makes O -up O -the O -major O -portion O -of O -the O -sucrases O -of O -honey O -bees O -was O -purified O -to O -homogeneity O -as O -shown O -by O -several O -criteria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -production O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -from O -sucrose B-Chemical -was O -rectilinear O -when O -plotted O -by O -the O -Hofstee O -method O -at O -low O -substrate O -concentrations O -but O -decreased O -at O -high O -sucrose B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Amino O -acid O -and O -amino B-Chemical -sugar O -analyses O -indicated O -that O -the O -sucrase O -was O -a O -glycoprotein O -. O - -aps B-category -Improvement O -, O -as O -judged O -by O -the O -higher O -tissue O -activities O -obtained O -, O -in O -the O -assay O -method O -for O -this O -enzyme O -was O -achieved O -through O -use O -of O -phosphatidic O -acids O -sonicated O -in O -buffer O -- O -detergent O -solution O -saturated O -with O -ether B-Chemical -and O -containing O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -and O -use O -of O -short O -incubation O -times O -which O -essentially O -provided O -a O -measure O -of O -initial O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -Examination O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -varying O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -in O -the O -phosphatidic O -acids O -added O -exogenously O -gave O -the O -following O -order O -( O -activities O -in O -parentheses O -) O -; O -1 O -- O -stearoyl O -- O -2 O -- O -oleoyl O -- O -( O -5 O -. O -58 O -) O -, O -1 O -- O -oleoyl O -- O -2 O -- O -stearoyl O -- O -( O -5 O -. O -37 O -) O -, O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -dioleoyl O -- O -( O -4 O -. O -49 O -) O -1 O -- O -palmitoyl O -- O -2 O -- O -oleoyl O -- O -( O -3 O -. O -85 O -) O -, O -1 O -- O -stearoyl O -- O -2 O -- O -arachidonoyl O -- O -( O -3 O -. O -31 O -) O -, O -1 O -- O -arachidonoyl O -- O -2 O -- O -stearoyl O -- O -( O -3 O -. O -16 O -) O -, O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -diarachidonoyl O -- O -( O -0 O -. O -72 O -) O -, O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -dicaproyl O -- O -( O -0 O -. O -67 O -) O -, O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -dipalmitoyl O -- O -( O -0 O -. O -67 O -) O -and O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -distearoyl O -- O -( O -0 O -. O -18 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -kitten O -fundic O -mucosa O -demonstrates O -low O -rates O -of O -spontaneous O -acid O -secretion O -in O -vitro O -when O -bathed O -in O -Krebs O -- O -Henseleit O -solution O -, O -and O -responds O -consistently O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -pentagastrin O -, O -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -placed O -in O -the O -bath O -. O - -aps B-category -Loss O -of O -ascorbic O -acid O -from O -lung O -and O -pulmonary O -edema O -were O -produced O -in O -mice O -by O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -either O -adrenaline B-Chemical -or O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mumol O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Given O -alone O -, O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -caused O -both O -loss O -of O -ascorbic O -acid O -and O -pulmonary O -edema O -. O - -aps B-category -Development O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -uptake O -activity O -in O -Neurospora O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thermophilic O -fungus O -Malbranchea O -pulchella O -produces O -a O -single O -extracellular O -, O -alkaline O -, O -serine O -protease O -when O -grown O -at O -45 O -degrees O -C O -, O -on O -2 O -% O -casein O -as O -sole O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -specificity O -study O -with O -small O -synthetic O -ester O -substrates O -indicated O -that O -the O -protease O -preferentially O -hydrolyzed O -bonds O -situated O -on O -the O -carboxyl O -side O -of O -aromatic O -or O -apolar O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -which O -are O -not O -beta O -- O -branched O -, O -positively O -charged O -or O -of O -the O -D O -configuration O -. O - -aps B-category -Biosynthesis O -of O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -in O -Streptomyces O -sp O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -deamination O -of O -the O -product O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -indicated O -that O -it O -was O -the O -L O -- O -epimer O -. O - -aps B-category -Myeclium O -suspended O -in O -42 O -mM O -solution O -of O -partially O -ionized O -succinic O -acid O -( O -pH O -4 O -; O -60 O -. O -1 O -% O -nonionized O -, O -39 O -% O -monoanion O -, O -and O -0 O -. O -9 O -% O -dianion O -, O -K O -+ O -salt B-Chemical -) O -over O -a O -period O -of O -25 O -min O -accumulated O -more O -succinic O -acid O -carbon B-Chemical -than O -mycelium O -suspended O -in O -highly O -ionized O -solution O -( O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -; O -0 O -. O -01 O -% O -nonionized O -, O -4 O -. O -8 O -% O -monoanion O -, O -and O -95 O -% O -dianion O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Rate O -of O -uptake O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -azide O -and O -iodoacetate O -- O -treated O -mycelium O -was O -proportional O -to O -external O -concentration O -at O -least O -up O -to O -200 O -mumol O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -internal O -concentrations O -of O -succinic O -acid O -carbon B-Chemical -expressed O -as O -succinic O -acid O -in O -cell O -water O -were O -about O -the O -same O -as O -the O -external O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Efflux O -is O -not O -retarded O -by O -presence O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -the O -external O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Rates O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fixation O -of O -3 O -to O -10 O -g O -of O -N2 O -fixed O -per O -hectare O -per O -day O -were O -associated O -with O -root O -systems O -of O -Digitaria O -sanguinalis O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -variou O -cultural O -conditions O -on O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -lipid O -composition O -of O -Choanephora O -cucurbitarum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -conditions O -used O -in O -this O -study O -did O -not O -alter O -the O -qualitative O -profile O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -normally O -present O -in O -the O -organism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -pattern O -of O -lipid O -fractions O -though O -the O -same O -qualitatively O -, O -differed O -quantitatively O -. O - -aps B-category -Phototherapy O -has O -reduced O -the O -complications O -of O -neonatal O -hyperbilirubinemia O -, O -and O -the O -beneficial O -effect O -of O -antepartum O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -minimizing O -the O -risk O -of O -respiratory O -distress O -syndrome O -is O -now O -convincing O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -carcinoembryonic O -antigen O -( O -CEA O -) O -and O -serum O -enzyme O -levels O -of O -phosphohexose O -isomerase O -( O -PHI O -) O -, O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -( O -psi O -- O -GTP O -) O -, O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -LDH O -) O -were O -measured O -in O -147 O -patients O -with O -malignancy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -1 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -chloroethyl O -) O -- O -3 O -- O -( O -cyclohexyl O -) O -- O -1 O -- O -nitrosourea O -( O -CCNU B-Chemical -) O -to O -the O -proteins O -of O -the O -L1210 O -cell O -nucleus O -has O -been O -studied O -using O -both O -[ O -cyclohexyl O -- O -14C O -] O -CCNU B-Chemical -and O -[ O -chloroethyl O -- O -14C O -] O -CCNU B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -interaction O -of O -CCNU B-Chemical -with O -the O -proteins O -of O -the O -cell O -nucleus O -can O -be O -defined O -in O -terms O -of O -the O -modification O -of O -histones O -by O -the O -cyclohexyl O -moiety O -. O - -aps B-category -spectroscopy O -, O -the O -separate O -pKa O -values O -of O -each O -of O -the O -six O -phosphoric O -monoester O -groups O -of O -myo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inositol I-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pKa O -for O -each O -phosphate B-Chemical -grouping O -in O -the O -transition O -from O -the O -free O -acid O -forms O -of O -each O -group O -to O -the O -monoanion O -form O -of O -each O -group O -was O -determined O -to O -be O -: O -1 O -. O -1 O -, O -C O -- O -2 O -; O -1 O -. O -5 O -, O -C O -- O -1 O -and O -C O -- O -3 O -; O -2 O -. O -1 O -, O -C O -- O -4 O -and O -C O -- O -6 O -; O -and O -1 O -. O -7 O -, O -C O -- O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Gamma O -glutamyl O -- O -transpeptidase O -activity O -and O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -level O -in O -diabetes O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Regulation O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -saliva O -contains O -a O -high O -peroxidase O -activity O -that O -can O -be O -estimated O -spectrophotometrically O -with O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -donor O -p O -- O -phenylenediamine O -and O -the O -substrate O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -from O -20 O -mul O -of O -material O -. O - -aps B-category -Performance O -of O -accurrate O -, O -reproducible O -, O -and O -interpretable O -assays O -for O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -and O -other O -components O -of O -the O -renin O -/ O -angiotensin B-Chemical -system O -in O -the O -clinical O -setting O -requires O -a O -clear O -understanding O -of O -the O -various O -reactions O -in O -the O -renin O -/ O -angiotensin B-Chemical -cascade O -and O -the O -nature O -of O -their O -interactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Renin O -activity O -is O -measured O -by O -radioimmunoassay O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -generated O -in O -vitro O -under O -carefully O -controlled O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -in O -serum O -: O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relation O -between O -activity O -and O -substrate O -concentration O -was O -shown O -and O -the O -apparent O -Michaelis O -constants O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -for O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -ADP O -were O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -the O -inhibition O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -and O -adenylate O -kinase O -by O -AMP O -and O -established O -a O -convenient O -AMP O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Plasma O -renin O -activity O -and O -radioimmunoassay O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -( O -cont O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -isolated O -enzymes O -formed O -two O -distinct O -groups O -: O -( O -a O -) O -The O -ribonucleases O -of O -the O -pancreas O -, O -duodenal O -contents O -and O -fraction O -A O -of O -serum O -and O -urine O -exhibit O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -8 O -. O -5 O -, O -are O -inhibited O -by O -An2 O -+ O -and O -Cu2 O -+ O -, O -and O -relatively O -rapidly O -hydrolyze O -the O -synthetic O -substrate O -uridine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -- O -( O -alpha O -- O -naphthylphosphate O -) O -; O -( O -b O -) O -the O -ribonucleases O -of O -the O -liver O -and O -spleen O -, O -and O -of O -fractions O -B O -of O -the O -serum O -and O -urine O -, O -with O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -7 O -, O -are O -less O -sensitive O -to O -An2 O -+ O -and O -Cu2 O -+ O -, O -and O -exhibit O -negligible O -activity O -versus O -uridine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -- O -( O -alpha O -- O -naphthylphosphate O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protoscolices O -enzyme O -prepared O -in O -a O -manner O -similar O -to O -the O -hydatid O -cyst O -fluid O -and O -the O -ovine O -liver O -enzymes O -exhibited O -the O -following O -properties O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -pH O -optimum O -of O -8 O -. O -2 O -( O -2 O -) O -KM O -value O -of O -0 O -. O -23 O -mM O -, O -( O -3 O -) O -the O -enzyme O -was O -inhibited O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -high O -concentrations O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -( O -4 O -) O -no O -detectable O -inhibition O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -ion O -up O -to O -4 O -. O -1 O -mM O -, O -( O -5 O -) O -the O -protoscolices O -enzyme O -was O -less O -thermostable O -as O -compared O -to O -the O -hydatid O -cyst O -fluid O -and O -the O -ovine O -liver O -enzymes O -, O -( O -6 O -) O -the O -protoscolices O -enzyme O -had O -a O -lower O -Ki O -value O -( O -0 O -. O -7 O -mM O -) O -as O -compared O -to O -either O -the O -hydatid O -cyst O -fluid O -( O -1 O -. O -1 O -mM O -) O -or O -the O -ovine O -liver O -enzymes O -( O -4 O -. O -6 O -mM O -) O -when O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconic O -acid O -was O -used O -as O -a O -competitive O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biochemical O -properties O -of O -partially O -purified O -preparations O -of O -human O -myocardial O -MB O -and O -MM O -iosenzymes O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -have O -been O -compared O -with O -one O -another O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lipid O -phosphorus B-Chemical -values O -were O -lower O -than O -the O -total O -phosphorus B-Chemical -, O -a O -difference O -most O -pronounced O -in O -dilute O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -alterations O -in O -the O -lipid O -phosphorus B-Chemical -affected O -the O -calculation O -of O -biliary O -phospholipid O -and O -hence O -the O -saturation O -index O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -in O -bile O -causing O -it O -to O -be O -erroneously O -elevated O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -were O -tested O -in O -this O -study O -: O -impairment O -of O -tissue O -oxygenation O -by O -dialysis O -( O -D O -) O -- O -induced O -alkalosis O -( O -Bohr O -effect O -) O -, O -the O -D O -disequilibrium O -syndrome O -, O -and O -the O -loss O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -( O -CO2 O -) O -in O -D O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -Duration O -of O -cardiac O -effects O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Timolol B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -were O -given O -in O -doses O -of O -1 O -mg O -and O -10 O -mg O -, O -respectively O -, O -and O -at O -specified O -times O -after O -their O -administration O -, O -beta O -- O -blockade O -was O -assessed O -by O -the O -reduction O -of O -maximal O -exercise O -- O -induced O -tachycardia O -and O -by O -the O -inhibition O -of O -the O -chronotropic O -and O -inotropic O -effects O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chronotropic O -and O -inotropic O -effects O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -were O -almost O -completely O -antagonized O -for O -11 O -/ O -2 O -hr O -after O -beta O -- O -antagonist O -infusion O -, O -and O -significant O -beta O -- O -blockade O -could O -be O -demonstrated O -9 O -hr O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -crossover O -study O -involving O -15 O -insomniac O -subjects O -, O -the O -hypnotic O -efficacy O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -2 O -and O -4 O -mg O -, O -was O -compared O -with O -flurazepam B-Chemical -, O -15 O -and O -30 O -mg O -, O -and O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Performance O -was O -evaluated O -by O -measuring O -time O -elapsed O -until O -anginal O -pain O -, O -peak O -heart O -rate O -, O -peak O -product O -of O -heart O -rate O -and O -blood O -pressure O -, O -and O -peak O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -growth O -hormone O -( O -HGH O -) O -, O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -( O -[ O -H O -+ O -] O -) O -were O -measured O -at O -frequent O -intervals O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -similar O -at O -rest O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -66 O -% O -VO2 O -max O -. O -, O -plasma O -HGH O -was O -significantly O -elevated O -to O -similar O -concentrations O -in O -all O -studies O -and O -, O -at O -90 O -% O -VO2 O -max O -. O -, O -HGH O -was O -highest O -with O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Exercise O -is O -a O -physiological O -stimulus O -to O -HGH O -secretion O -and O -the O -mechanism O -is O -independent O -of O -blood O -[ O -H O -+ O -] O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -" O -Respiratory O -" O -and O -" O -metabolic O -" O -acidosis O -caused O -little O -change O -in O -pHi O -although O -increases O -in O -PCO2 O -led O -to O -relatively O -greater O -falls O -in O -pHi O -than O -did O -reduction O -in O -external O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversible O -binding O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -and O -pteridines O -to O -melanin O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -lorazepam B-Chemical -in O -the O -acute O -anxiety O -crisis O -: O -a O -preliminary O -report O -on O -60 O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -objective O -and O -timing O -of O -drug O -disposition O -studies O -, O -appendix O -V O -. O -A O -comparison O -of O -the O -bioavailability O -of O -three O -dosage O -forms O -of O -terfenadine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rapidly O -dissolving O -tablet O -formulation O -of O -terfenadine B-Chemical -shows O -essentially O -identical O -bioavailability O -to O -a O -liquid O -suspesion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -carried O -out O -studies O -on O -a O -group O -of O -analgetic O -preparations O -( O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -lydol O -, O -thylidine O -, O -pentazocine B-Chemical -and O -analgine O -) O -by O -the O -method O -of O -D O -Amour O -and O -Smith O -, O -using O -thermic O -painful O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -remaining O -analgetic O -indices O -were O -with O -low O -indices O -: O -lyndiol O -- O -with O -5 O -, O -pentazocine B-Chemical -- O -12 O -and O -analgine O -- O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -arterio O -- O -venous O -glucose B-Chemical -difference O -changed O -from O -negative O -to O -positive O -with O -the O -increase O -of O -proton O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -arterio O -- O -venous O -gradient O -and O -inverse O -correlation O -between O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -level O -and O -the O -arterio O -- O -venous O -oxygen B-Chemical -difference O -with O -the O -increase O -of O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -activity O -curves O -for O -the O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -catalyzed O -reactions O -were O -different O -for O -both O -the O -nuclear O -and O -cytosol O -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonist O -phentolamine B-Chemical -potentiates O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -insulin O -secretion O -of O -intact O -animals O -, O -it O -either O -does O -not O -alter O -, O -or O -it O -inhibits O -in O -vitro O -insulin O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -recently O -demonstrated O -that O -pancreatic O -islets O -contain O -substantial O -amounts O -of O -monoamine O -oxidase O -( O -MAO O -) O -, O -and O -that O -MAO O -inhibitors O -such O -as O -iproniazid O -and O -tranylcypromine B-Chemical -can O -alter O -insulin O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -10muM O -) O -inhibits O -hepatic O -but O -not O -islet O -MAO O -, O -while O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -10muM O -) O -does O -not O -inhibit O -MAO O -in O -either O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Collagenase O -digestion O -does O -not O -increase O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -islet O -and O -liver O -MAO O -to O -inhibition O -by O -phentolamine B-Chemical -or O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Preincubation O -of O -rabbit O -pancreas O -with O -the O -serotonin B-Chemical -precursor O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -) O -increases O -the O -beta O -cell O -serotonin B-Chemical -content O -and O -inhibits O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -insulin O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -inhibition O -of O -islet O -MAO O -may O -cause O -an O -increase O -in O -islet O -monoamine O -content O -and O -these O -monoamines B-Chemical -may O -alter O -in O -vitro O -insulin O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Distribution O -of O -releasing O -factors O -, O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -, O -and O -related O -enzymes O -in O -the O -bovine O -median O -eminence O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distributions O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -, O -phenylethanolamine O -- O -N O -- O -methyltransferase O -, O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -, O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -appeared O -to O -correlate O -poorly O -with O -the O -major O -distributions O -of O -TRH O -and O -LHRH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -neurally O -active O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -on O -prolactin O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -or O -eight O -mumole O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -produced O -significant O -increases O -in O -the O -plasma O -concentrations O -of O -prolactin O -( O -PRL O -) O -, O -indicating O -increased O -PRL O -release O -from O -the O -pituitary O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intraventricular O -injection O -of O -the O -lowest O -dose O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -0 O -mumole O -) O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -4 O -or O -2 O -. O -3 O -mumole O -) O -, O -lysine O -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -or O -2 O -. O -0 O -mumole O -) O -, O -or O -0 O -. O -9 O -% O -NaCl B-Chemical -did O -not O -alter O -PRL O -levels O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -glycine B-Chemical -may O -play O -a O -role O -in O -the O -neural O -regulation O -of O -PRL O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -platelet O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -evaluation O -of O -blood O -lactate B-Chemical -levels O -in O -equine O -colic O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -correlation O -between O -increasing O -blood O -lactate B-Chemical -levels O -and O -decreasing O -percentage O -survival O -has O -been O -shown O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -lactate B-Chemical -determination O -is O -suggested O -as O -a O -prognostic O -rather O -than O -a O -diagnostic O -aid O -for O -the O -equine O -practitioner O -and O -should O -be O -used O -to O -augment O -other O -clinical O -findings O -in O -the O -horse O -exhibiting O -colic O -. O - -aps B-category -Circular O -dichroism O -results O -indicate O -that O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -salt B-Chemical -both O -proteins O -are O -40 O -- O -50 O -% O -helical O -between O -pH O -1 O -and O -9 O -. O - -aps B-category -Succinylation O -of O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Bacillus O -stearothermophilus O -. O - -aps B-category -NAD O -+ O -, O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -all O -afford O -protection O -from O -inhibition O -, O -and O -inhibition O -is O -slowly O -reversed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -pyrophosphate O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -residue O -specifically O -succinylated O -has O -been O -identified O -as O -one O -of O -the O -two O -threonine O -residues O -, O -most O -probably O -Thr O -- O -150 O -, O -adjacent O -to O -the O -activ O -- O -site O -cysteine B-Chemical -residue O -in O -the O -primary O -structure O -. O - -aps B-category -Active O -- O -site O -- O -directed O -inhibition O -of O -the O -plasma O -- O -membrane O -carrier O -transporting O -short O -- O -chain O -, O -neutral O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -into O -Trypanosoma O -brucei O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -was O -highly O -selective O -for O -the O -N1 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -selectivity O -of O -this O -inhibitor O -should O -make O -it O -a O -useful O -labelling O -agent O -during O -the O -isolation O -and O -purification O -of O -the O -N1 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -carrier O -protein O -( O -s O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -grown O -in O -a O -mineral O -medium O -with O -yeast O -cell O -walls O -or O -yeast O -glucan O -as O -the O -sole O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -, O -Bacillus O -circulans O -WL O -- O -12 O -produces O -wall O -- O -lytic O -enzymes O -in O -addition O -to O -non O -- O -lytic O -beta O -- O -( O -1 O -leads O -to O -3 O -) O -and O -beta O -- O -( O -1 O -leads O -to O -6 O -) O -- O -glucananases O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrolysis O -of O -pustulan O -went O -thorugh O -a O -series O -of O -oligosaccharides O -, O -leading O -to O -a O -mixture O -of O -gentiotriose O -, O -gentiobiose O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Bacillus O -circulans O -WL O -- O -12 O -when O -grown O -in O -a O -mineral O -medium O -with O -yeast O -cell O -walls O -or O -yeast O -glucan O -as O -the O -soli O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -, O -produced O -five O -beta O -- O -glucanases O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrolysis O -of O -laminarin O -went O -through O -a O -series O -of O -oligosaccharides O -, O -and O -laminaribiose O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -accumulated O -till O -the O -end O -of O -the O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Algal O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -enzymes O -with O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -have O -been O -purified O -from O -heterotrophically O -grown O -Scenedesmus O -obliquus O -by O -ion O -- O -exchange O -chromatography O -and O -gel O -filtration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purification O -procedure O -involved O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -precipitation O -, O -ion O -- O -exchange O -chromatography O -and O -gel O -filtration O -and O -resulted O -in O -a O -yield O -of O -35 O -. O -4 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Temperature O -- O -dependent O -change O -in O -rate O -- O -limiting O -step O -of O -the O -magnesium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -ITPase O -of O -myosin O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -for O -the O -quantitative O -determination O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fluorescence O -intensity O -scale O -is O -calibrated O -using O -standard O -solutions O -of O -free O -tryptophan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -method O -is O -particularly O -suited O -to O -proteins O -carrying O -groups O -absorbing O -in O -the O -290 O -- O -370 O -nm O -region O -, O -such O -as O -flavin O -, O -heme O -and O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -substances O -such O -as O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -which O -prohibit O -the O -use O -of O -the O -spectroscopic O -or O -magnetic O -circular O -dichroism O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -peptide O -bond O -formed O -between O -an O -N O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residue O -and O -proline O -is O -not O -cleaved O -by O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -rates O -of O -hydrolysis O -was O -observed O -for O -charged O -residues O -, O -and O -amides O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -series O -Pro O -- O -Gly O -, O -Pro O -- O -Gly O -- O -Pro O -, O -Pro O -- O -Gly O -- O -Pro O -- O -Pro O -, O -the O -last O -peptide O -is O -the O -best O -substrate O -, O -indicating O -an O -active O -site O -complementary O -to O -at O -least O -four O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -kinetic O -data O -and O -binding O -studies O -it O -appears O -that O -the O -mechanism O -of O -the O -reaction O -involves O -a O -compulsory O -sequence O -of O -substrate O -binding O -to O -the O -enzyme O -, O -in O -which O -carbamoylphosphate O -is O -the O -first O -substrate O -to O -bind O -to O -the O -enzyme O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -the O -last O -product O -to O -be O -released O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -of O -the O -enzyme O -prevents O -its O -alkylation O -by O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -and O -inhibition O -by O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Certain O -anions O -( O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -citrate B-Chemical -, O -maleate B-Chemical -and O -acetate O -) O -decrease O -the O -reactivity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -towards O -the O -alkylating O -reagent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -8 O -- O -hydroxy O -derivative O -of O -FAD O -is O -bound O -by O -apo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -; O -the O -complex O -shows O -no O -catalytic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -- O -Chloroacetylpyridine O -- O -- O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -, O -which O -is O -active O -as O -a O -hydride O -acceptor O -( O -Km O -= O -0 O -. O -6 O -mM O -) O -, O -inactivates O -and O -alkylates O -estradiol B-Chemical -17beta O -- O -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -the O -labelling O -by O -3 O -- O -chloro O -[ O -2 O -- O -14C O -] O -acetylpyridine O -- O -- O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -and O -the O -rate O -of O -alkylation O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -, O -give O -evidence O -to O -the O -alkylation O -of O -a O -cysteine B-Chemical -, O -the O -stoichiometry O -being O -one O -mole O -per O -subunit O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -levels O -of O -the O -adenine O -nucleotides O -, O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -and O -the O -kinetical O -parameters O -of O -the O -enzymes O -of O -the O -Entner O -- O -Doudoroff O -pathway O -( O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenase O -) O -were O -determined O -in O -Azotobacter O -vinelandii O -cells O -, O -grown O -under O -O2 O -- O -or O -N2 O -- O -limiting O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -with O -radioactive O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -show O -that O -the O -rate O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -oxidation O -of O -Azotobacter O -cells O -is O -associated O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -delta O -muH O -, O -established O -by O -EDTA O -/ O -valinomycin O -- O -treated O -cells O -, O -was O -constant O -( O -122 O -- O -129 O -mV O -) O -over O -extracellular O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -0 O -. O -01 O -mM O -- O -1 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -150 O -mM O -potassium B-Chemical -delta O -muH O -was O -reduced O -to O -70 O -mV O -mostly O -due O -to O -a O -delta O -pH O -component O -of O -0 O -. O -89 O -( O -53 O -mV O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -is O -specifically O -required O -for O -respiration O -of O -EDTA O -- O -treated O -E O -. O -coli O -K12 O -cells O -since O -other O -monovalent O -or O -divalent O -cations O -could O -not O -replace O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -valinomycin O -was O -not O -required O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -band O -is O -mentioned O -in O -the O -literature O -as O -a O -minor O -band O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -which O -appears O -when O -this O -chromophore O -is O -located O -in O -an O -asymmetric O -environment O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -metal O -- O -ion O -/ O -nucleic O -- O -base O -interactions O -are O -crucial O -for O -the O -observation O -of O -a O -metal O -- O -ion O -- O -promoted O -dephosphorylation O -; O -in O -agreement O -with O -this O -, O -and O -the O -small O -tendency O -of O -the O -cytosine B-Chemical -moiety O -to O -coordinate O -, O -the O -CTP O -systems O -are O -rather O -stable O -towards O -dephosphorylation O -. O - -aps B-category -Obviously O -, O -an O -initial O -beta O -, O -gamma O -- O -coordination O -is O -suitable O -for O -a O -shift O -of O -the O -metal O -ion O -along O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -back O -- O -bone O -into O -the O -reactive O -alpha O -- O -beta O -- O -position O -, O -while O -for O -an O -alpha O -, O -beta O -, O -gamma O -- O -coordination O -only O -the O -less O -favorable O -removal O -of O -the O -coordinated O -gamma O -- O -group O -remains O -. O - -aps B-category -Cytoplasmic O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -has O -been O -purified O -from O -livers O -of O -young O -( O -6 O -months O -) O -and O -old O -( O -27 O -months O -) O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -and O -hypoxia O -on O -the O -cardiac O -stimulation O -threshold O -in O -the O -dog O -( O -with O -special O -reference O -to O -changes O -in O -extra O -- O -and O -intracellular O -potassium B-Chemical -concentrations O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -spite O -of O -significant O -elevations O -of O -extracellular O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -reductions O -of O -intracellular O -potassium B-Chemical -significant O -changes O -in O -stimulation O -threshold O -were O -not O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -9 O -healthy O -subjects O -the O -erythrocyte O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -( O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -) O -concentration O -, O -which O -modifies O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -haemoglobin O -, O -decreased O -by O -more O -than O -25 O -per O -cent O -within O -60 O -minutes O -of O -the O -beginning O -of O -a O -fructose O -infusion O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -g O -. O -kg O -body O -weight O -- O -1 O -. O -h O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -spite O -of O -the O -diminished O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -concentrations O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -whole O -blood O -actually O -measured O -remained O -unaltered O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -two O -opposing O -effects O -on O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -system O -of O -blood O -are O -induced O -by O -fructose O -infusions O -: O -1 O -) O -a O -displacement O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -dissociation O -curve O -to O -the O -right O -due O -to O -the O -Bohr O -effect O -2 O -) O -a O -virtually O -counterbalancing O -shift O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -dissociation O -curve O -to O -the O -left O -due O -to O -decreased O -erythrocyte O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tripeptide O -, O -prolyl O -- O -leucyl O -glycine B-Chemical -amide O -, O -a O -melanocyte O -- O -stimulating O -hormone O -inhibitory O -factor O -( O -MIF O -- O -I O -) O -, O -which O -has O -been O -reported O -to O -be O -effective O -in O -improving O -symptoms O -of O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -, O -has O -been O -compared O -with O -drugs O -known O -to O -activate O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -rat O -and O -mouse O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -did O -it O -potentiate O -apomorphine B-Chemical -nor O -amphetamine B-Chemical -in O -this O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Chlorpromazine O -hypothermia O -in O -the O -mouse O -was O -antagonised O -by O -1 O -- O -dopa O -but O -not O -by O -MIF O -- O -I O -; O -similar O -findings O -were O -obtained O -in O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pretreated I-Chemical -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -AKR O -mice O -that O -received O -immunocompetent O -cells O -from O -endotoxin O -- O -treated O -DBA O -/ O -2 O -donors O -had O -an O -MST O -of O -54 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -azide O -in O -rat O -adipocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -consequence O -, O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -pineal O -N O -- O -acetyltransferase O -to O -stimulation O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -or O -by O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -varies O -diurnally O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -, O -a O -variation O -in O -the O -response O -to O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -indicates O -in O -addition O -the O -participation O -of O -intracellular O -controls O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -N O -- O -acetyltransferase O -to O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -on O -24 O -- O -hour O -intragastric O -acidity O -in O -normal O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nine O -subjects O -were O -treated O -in O -random O -sequence O -with O -cimetidine B-Chemical -0 O -- O -8 O -- O -1 O -- O -0 O -g O -on O -one O -day O -and O -placebo O -capsules O -on O -the O -other O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -was O -similar O -in O -the O -two O -groups O -taking O -the O -drug O -before O -or O -after O -meals O -, O -mean O -24 O -h O -intragastric O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -activity O -being O -lowered O -by O -70 O -and O -72 O -% O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -concentrations O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -exceeded O -the O -secretory O -IC50 O -level O -for O -most O -of O -the O -time O -between O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -pentagastrin O -on O -the O -secretion O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -and O -pepsin O -in O -gastric O -juice O -of O -children O -with O -duodenal O -ulcer O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -three O -tested O -strains O -of O -the O -genus O -Acanthamoeba O -grew O -in O -liquid O -axenic O -medium O -with O -0 O -. O -89 O -% O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -culture O -medium O -containing O -2 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -m O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -the O -encystment O -of O -both O -pathogenic O -strains O -was O -stimulated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -level O -of O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -during O -tokolytic O -therapy O -with O -Partusisten O -and O -Isoptin O -decreases O -in O -the O -first O -24 O -hours O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -tokolytic O -treatment O -the O -serum O -level O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -returns O -to O -its O -normal O -value O -after O -48 O -hours O -without O -potassium B-Chemical -substitution O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -disappear O -afer O -48 O -hours O -of O -tokolytic O -treatment O -but O -never O -the O -less O -the O -initial O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -drop O -should O -be O -balanced O -by O -potassium B-Chemical -substitution O -within O -these O -48 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Activity O -of O -two O -Streptococcus O -mutans O -bacteriocins O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -saliva O -, O -levan O -, O -and O -dextran B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -several O -streptococci O -that O -were O -genetically O -sensitive O -to O -these O -bacteriocins O -, O -and O -that O -could O -synthesize O -a O -variety O -of O -extracellular O -dextrans O -and O -levans O -from O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -remained O -phenotypically O -sensitive O -when O -grown O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cephacetrile O -, O -a O -new O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -: O -in O -vitro O -, O -pharmacological O -and O -clinical O -evaluation O -. O - -aps B-category -with O -lidocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -correlations O -were O -found O -between O -the O -gonadotropin O -estimations O -and O -sperm O -count O -, O -basal O -serum O -testosterone B-Chemical -or O -testosterone B-Chemical -response O -to O -human O -chorionic O -gonadotropin O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -it O -has O -been O -suggested O -that O -the O -association O -of O -Clomiphene O -with O -a O -weak O -estrogen B-Chemical -might O -improve O -the O -pregnancy O -rate O -, O -we O -decided O -to O -administer O -Clomiphene O -associated O -with O -Epimestrol O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -experimentally O -delayed O -blastocysts O -possess O -paternal O -H O -- O -2 O -antigens O -whereas O -these O -antigens O -can O -no O -longer O -be O -detected O -14 O -hours O -after O -estradiol B-Chemical -activation O -of O -delayed O -blastocysts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -copper B-Chemical -and O -plastic O -intrauterine O -devices O -( O -IUD O -) O -on O -the O -fibrinolytic O -activity O -of O -the O -endometrium O -was O -studied O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -copper B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -determined O -by O -atomic O -absorption O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -with O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -plastic O -device O -, O -the O -increase O -in O -the O -fibrinolytic O -activity O -induced O -by O -the O -copper B-Chemical -device O -was O -more O -widespread O -in O -the O -endometrial O -area O -and O -was O -accompanied O -by O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -copper B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Atomic O -absorption O -spectorscopy O -was O -used O -to O -determine O -the O -concentration O -of O -copper B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -copper B-Chemical -ions O -on O -fibrinolytic O -activity O -may O -help O -explain O -the O -contraceptive O -effect O -of O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bearing I-Chemical -IUDs O -. O - -aps B-category -Vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -concentration O -was O -fluorometrically O -measured O -in O -epididymal O -and O -ejaculated O -rabbit O -spermatozoa O -and O -in O -some O -of O -the O -sperm O -cells O -subcellular O -components O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -was O -also O -found O -to O -be O -significantly O -higher O -in O -the O -seminal O -plasma O -than O -in O -the O -epididymal O -secretion O -( O -0 O -. O -06 O -as O -against O -0 O -. O -039 O -mug O -/ O -mg O -protein O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -the O -sudden O -increase O -in O -the O -sperm O -concentration O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -that O -occurs O -upon O -ejaculation O -may O -be O -required O -for O -the O -stabilization O -of O -the O -acrosomal O -and O -plasma O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cycle O -pattern O -is O -deeply O -disturbed O -by O -this O -method O -of O -oral B-Chemical -contraception I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -depress O -motility O -in O -proestrus O -and O -metestrus O -, O -but O -not O -in O -estrus O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -estrus O -, O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -inhibited O -tubal O -contractions O -of O -preparations O -incubated O -with O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -it O -produced O -a O -distinct O -stimulation O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -inhibitors O -on O -spermatogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspirin B-Chemical -at O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -and O -at O -200 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -and O -indomethacin B-Chemical -at O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -given O -orally O -twice O -a O -day O -for O -fifteen O -days O -produced O -a O -marked O -increase O -in O -spermatogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Step O -7 O -spermatids O -decreased O -significantly O -at O -both O -dosage O -levels O -of O -PGE2 B-Chemical -and O -at O -the O -higher O -dosage O -level O -of O -PGE1 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Testicular O -weight O -showed O -a O -significant O -decrease O -at O -the O -higher O -dose O -of O -PGE2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Epididymal O -weight O -decreased O -at O -the O -higher O -dose O -of O -PGE2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interrelationships O -between O -the O -in O -situ O -fluxes O -of O -water O -, O -electrolytes O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -by O -Hymenolepis O -diminuta O -. O - -aps B-category -Excretion O -of O -non O -dialysable O -protein O -nitrogen B-Chemical -decreased O -whereas O -creatinine B-Chemical -excretion O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -deficient O -male O -rats O -significant O -reduction O -in O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -both O -arylsulphatases O -A O -and O -B O -occured O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -a O -possible O -direct O -or O -indirect O -role O -for O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -on O -urinary O -excretion O -pattern O -of O -arylsulphatases O -presumably O -released O -from O -lysosomes O -of O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Fructose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -counteracts O -ATP O -inhibition O -, O -but O -the O -most O -potent O -de O -- O -inhibitors O -are O -ADP O -and O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -no O -significant O -differences O -in O -creatinine B-Chemical -and O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -found O -between O -control O -and O -pregnant O -rats O -, O -urea B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -significantly O -lower O -in O -the O -pregnant O -animals O -before O -, O -as O -well O -as O -well O -as O -6 O -, O -12 O -and O -24 O -h O -after O -, O -bilateral O -nephrectomy O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -balance O -is O -often O -upset O -in O -acid O -- O -base O -disturbances O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -enzymes O -were O -isolated O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -from O -tissue O -homogenates O -, O -and O -the O -effects O -of O -fixation O -with O -glutaraldehyde O -and O -various O -conditions O -of O -incubation O -were O -investigated O -colorimetrically O -using O -DAB O -as O -hydrogen B-Chemical -donor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimal O -concentration O -of O -H2O2 B-Chemical -for O -lacrimal O -gland O -peroxidase O -is O -at O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -and O -for O -peroxidatic O -activity O -of O -catalase O -at O -10 O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -M O -. O -These O -optimal O -conditions O -obtained O -biochemically O -were O -applied O -to O -tissue O -sections O -of O -rat O -lacrimal O -gland O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -fixation O -of O -tissue O -with O -3 O -% O -glutaraldehyde O -and O -incubation O -in O -the O -DAB O -- O -medium O -containing O -10 O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -M O -H2O2 B-Chemical -and O -at O -pH O -10 O -. O -5 O -( O -catalase O -medium O -) O -, O -the O -staining O -in O -the O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -, O -the O -Golgi O -- O -apparatus O -and O -in O -secretory O -granules O -was O -completely O -inhibited O -and O -reaction O -product O -was O -localized O -exclusively O -in O -small O -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -mu O -) O -particles O -similar O -to O -small O -peroxisomes O -described O -in O -various O -other O -cell O -- O -types O -. O - -aps B-category -Useful O -corrections O -included O -continuous O -addition O -of O -soybean O -oil O -at O -1 O -. O -25 O -% O -/ O -day O -and O -maintenance O -of O -pH O -at O -6 O -by O -addition O -of O -ammonium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -on O -demand O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -yeast O -extract O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -rapid O -loss O -of O -refractility O -of O -the O -spores O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -germination O -rate O -was O -essentially O -the O -same O -if O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -replaced O -the O -L O -- O -isomers O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -reactions O -were O -detected O -: O -( O -i O -) O -conversion O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -to O -a O -phosphorylated O -form O -of O -inositol B-Chemical -, O -presumably O -inositol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -IP O -synthethase O -, O -EC5 O -. O -5 O -. O -1 O -. O -4 O -) O -, O -and O -( O -ii O -) O -conversion O -of O -phosphorylated O -inositol B-Chemical -to O -inositol B-Chemical -( O -IP O -phosphatase O -, O -EC3 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -25 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -of O -inositol B-Chemical -required O -oxidized O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -( O -NAD O -) O -and O -was O -stimulated O -byNH4C1 O -and O -MgC12 O -. O - -aps B-category -IP O -synthetase O -was O -inhibited O -approximately O -20 O -% O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -inositol B-Chemical -in O -the O -reaction O -mixture O -at O -concentrations O -exceeding O -1 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -IP O -synthetase O -reached O -the O -fully O -repressed O -level O -approximately O -10 O -h O -after O -the O -addition O -of O -inositol B-Chemical -to O -logarithmic O -cultures O -grown O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -inositol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -transport O -in O -isolated O -prosthecae O -of O -Asticcacaulis O -biprosthecum O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -was O -mediated O -by O -two O -transport O -systems O -; O -the O -apparent O -Km O -of O -the O -high O -- O -affinity O -system O -was O -1 O -. O -8 O -muM O -and O -that O -of O -the O -low O -- O -affinity O -system O -was O -34 O -muM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glucose B-Chemical -transport O -system O -in O -prosthecae O -was O -stereospecific O -for O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -, O -and O -neither O -methyl O -alpha O -- O -D O -- O -glucopyranoside O -nor O -2 O -- O -deoxyglucose O -was O -transported O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -was O -also O -inhibited O -by O -the O -uncoupling O -agents O -5 O -- O -chloro O -- O -3 O -- O -t O -- O -butyl O -- O -2 O -' O -- O -nitrosalicylanilide O -( O -S O -- O -13 O -) O -, O -5 O -- O -chloro O -- O -3 O -- O -( O -p O -- O -chlorophenyl O -) O -- O -4 O -' O -- O -chlorosalicylanilide O -( O -S O -- O -6 O -) O -, O -and O -carbonyl O -- O -cyanide O -m O -- O -chlorophenylhydrazone O -( O -CCCP O -) O -and O -by O -the O -respiratory O -inhibitor O -KCN O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -arsenate O -or O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -membrane O -- O -bound O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatases O -, O -N O -, O -N O -' O -- O -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide O -. O - -aps B-category -Membrane O -preparations O -obtained O -from O -a O -stabilized O -L O -- O -form O -of O -Streptococcus O -pyogenes O -are O -incapable O -of O -synthesizing O -peptidoglycan O -from O -uridine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- O -diphospho O -- O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -D O -- O -muramyl O -- O -L O -- O -Ala O -- O -D O -- O -iso O -- O -Glu O -- O -L O -- O -Lys O -- O -D O -- O -Ala O -- O -D O -- O -Ala O -and O -uridine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- O -diphospho O -- O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -D O -- O -glucosamine O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -similar O -preparations O -from O -the O -parental O -streptococcus O -. O - -aps B-category -Net O -synthesis O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -( O -ATP O -) O -in O -energy O -- O -depleted O -cells O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -was O -observed O -when O -an O -inwardly O -directed O -protonmotive O -force O -was O -artificially O -imposed O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -- O -negative O -mutants O -failed O -to O -show O -ATP O -synthesis O -in O -response O -to O -either O -a O -membrane O -potential O -or O -a O -pH O -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -Metal O -- O -chelating O -or O -- O -binding O -agents O -inhibited O -the O -oxidation O -of O -dimethyl O -ether B-Chemical -and O -methane O -, O -but O -not O -methanol O -, O -by O -cell O -suspensions O -of O -Methylococcus O -capsulatus O -and O -Methylosinus O -trichosporium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -work O -was O -in O -investigate O -the O -capability O -of O -cell O -extracts O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -and O -E O -. O -coli O -treated O -with O -colicin O -K O -to O -catalyze O -the O -following O -energy O -- O -dependent O -reverse O -transhydrogenase O -reaction O -: O -NADP O -+ O -NADH O -+ O -ATP O -in O -equilibrium O -NADPH B-Chemical -+ O -NAD O -+ O -ADP O -+ O -Pi O -. O - -aps B-category -Supernatants O -also O -supported O -ATP O -- O -linked O -formation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -but O -this O -reaction O -was O -insensitive O -to O -the O -colicin O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Pulse O -- O -labeled O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -RNA O -) O -was O -extracted O -from O -polysomes O -of O -sporulating O -cells O -of O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -and O -characterized O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -and O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -transaminases O -exist O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -phenylalanine O -synthesis O -in O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -gene O -involved O -in O -the O -synthesis O -of O -this O -enzyme O -lies O -in O -the O -middle O -of O -a O -cluster O -of O -genes O -, O -all O -of O -which O -are O -concerned O -with O -the O -synthesis O -of O -the O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -of O -chorismate O -mutase O -ranged O -from O -7 O -. O -8 O -to O -8 O -. O -2 O -; O -its O -temperature O -optimum O -was O -47 O -C O -. O -Prephenate O -dehydratase O -was O -competitively O -inhibited O -by O -phenylalanine O -and O -activated O -by O -tyrosine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -ranged O -between O -7 O -. O -0 O -and O -7 O -. O -6 O -; O -the O -temperature O -optimum O -was O -38 O -C O -. O -It O -is O -shown O -how O -the O -sensitive O -regulation O -of O -the O -entire O -enzyme O -system O -leads O -to O -a O -well O -- O -balanced O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -production O -. O - -aps B-category -2201 O -( O -also O -known O -as O -Candida O -bodinii O -) O -, O -was O -cultured O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -then O -transferred O -into O -a O -methanol O -medium O -, O -microbodies O -of O -small O -size O -could O -be O -observed O -in O -2 O -- O -h O -old O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -unicellular O -alga O -Chlamydomonas O -reinhardi O -produces O -two O -constitutive O -acid O -phosphatases O -and O -three O -depressible O -phosphatases O -( O -a O -neutral O -and O -two O -alkaline O -ones O -) O -that O -can O -utilize O -napthyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -as O -a O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -of O -maximum O -activity O -is O -8 O -. O -5 O -and O -the O -ionic O -strength O -maximum O -is O -0 O -. O -1 O -to O -0 O -. O -5 O -M O -. O -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -is O -highly O -specific O -for O -NADP O -+ O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -kinetic O -study O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucosamine O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -a O -substrate O -analogue O -and O -competitive O -inhibitor O -, O -is O -used O -to O -help O -rule O -out O -a O -possible O -random O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glutamate B-Chemical -analog O -, O -alpha O -- O -aminomethylglutaric O -acid O -, O -was O -synthetized O -by O -Michael O -addition O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -to O -2 O -- O -methylene O -glutaronitrile O -followed O -by O -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -intermediate O -alpha O -- O -aminomethylglutaryl O -nitrile O -; O -the O -analog O -cyclizes O -readily O -on O -heating O -to O -2 O -- O -piperidone O -- O -5 O -- O -carboxylic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -gamma O -- O -Glutamylcysteine O -synthetase O -uses O -both O -isomers O -of O -DL O -- O -alpha O -- O -aminomethylglutarate O -, O -preferentially O -acting O -on O -the O -same O -isomer O -used O -by O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -alpha O -- O -aminomethylglutarate O -was O -administered O -to O -mice O -, O -there O -were O -substantial O -decreases O -in O -the O -levels O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -in O -the O -kidney O -, O -and O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -in O -the O -liver O -, O -indicating O -that O -this O -glutamate B-Chemical -analog O -is O -effective O -as O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -vivo O -, O -and O -suggesting O -that O -it O -may O -also O -inhibit O -other O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purification O -steps O -involved O -incubation O -of O -the O -homogenate O -at O -37 O -degrees O -followed O -by O -centrifugation O -and O -extraction O -of O -the O -sediment O -with O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -Tris O -- O -HCl O -buffer O -, O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -, O -containing O -1 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -; O -batchwise O -absorption O -on O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -; O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -( O -DE52 O -) O -column O -chromatography O -; O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -gel O -filtration O -; O -and O -affinity O -chromatography O -using O -concanavalin O -A O -insolubilized O -on O -beaded O -Agarose O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -GSH O -and O -GSSG B-Chemical -competitively O -inhibited O -the O -activity O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -when O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -p O -- O -nitroanilide O -was O -used O -as O -the O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ratio O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -to O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -independent I-Chemical -glutaminase O -changed O -significantly O -through O -the O -initial O -steps O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -purification O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -of O -the O -hemerythrin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxygen I-Chemical -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -investigate O -the O -role O -of O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cyclic O -GMP O -) O -in O -cultured O -cells O -we O -have O -measured O -guanylate O -cyclase O -and O -cyclic O -GMP O -phosphodiesterase O -activities O -and O -cyclic O -GMP O -levels O -in O -normal O -and O -transformed O -fibroblastic O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specificity O -of O -the O -modified O -enzyme O -( O -Chy O -- O -15 O -) O -was O -studied O -over O -the O -pH O -range O -of O -4 O -to O -9 O -with O -both O -N O -- O -acylated O -and O -non O -- O -N O -- O -acylated O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -esters O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -rate O -profiles O -of O -acetyl O -- O -L O -- O -phenylalanine O -ethyl O -ester O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -ethyl O -and O -benzyl O -esters O -were O -investigated O -in O -detail O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -provides O -a O -parallel O -and O -opposing O -mechanism O -to O -that O -mediated O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -- O -dependent O -protein O -kinase O -, O -which O -coordinately O -inactivates O -glycogen O -synthase O -and O -, O -via O -phosphorylase O -kinase O -, O -activates O -phosphorylase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -soluble O -receptor O -sites O -retained O -all O -of O -the O -essential O -characteristics O -of O -the O -membrane O -- O -bound O -sites O -, O -namely O -rapid O -and O -reversible O -binding O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonists O -and O -antagonists O -; O -strict O -stereospecificity O -toward O -both O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonists O -and O -antagonists O -; O -appropriate O -structure O -- O -activity O -relationships O -; O -saturability O -of O -the O -sites O -at O -low O -concentrations O -of O -ligand O -; O -no O -affinity O -for O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -drugs O -, O -nonphysiologically O -active O -catechol B-Chemical -compounds O -, O -and O -catecholamine B-Chemical -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -with O -group O -- O -specific O -reagents O -indicated O -that O -free O -lysine O -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -, O -serine O -, O -and O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -may O -be O -important O -for O -receptor O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -exchange O -- O -transport O -was O -reconstituted O -in O -vesicles O -prepared O -from O -phospholipids O -and O -protein O -fractions O -derived O -from O -bovine O -heart O -submitochondrial O -particles O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -200 O -muM O -external O -nucleotide B-Chemical -, O -the O -exchange O -reactions O -were O -inhibited O -by O -low O -concentrations O -of O -bongkrekate O -, O -atractyloside O -, O -and O -palmitoyl O -- O -CoA O -, O -with O -Ki O -values O -of O -1 O -. O -8 O -, O -3 O -. O -0 O -, O -and O -7 O -. O -5 O -muM O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phospholipid O -requirements O -for O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -exchange O -were O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -oxidative O -phosphorylation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protein O -patterns O -of O -the O -supernatants O -obtained O -with O -these O -detergents O -were O -similar O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -electrophoresis O -gels O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -detergents O -studied O -release O -similar O -membrane O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -result O -stands O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -results O -of O -x O -- O -ray O -crystallographic O -studies O -of O -hydroxyethylthiamin O -, O -which O -place O -a O -partial O -negative O -charge O -on O -C O -- O -2 O -( O -Pletcher O -, O -J O -. O -, O -and O -Sax O -, O -M O -. O -( O -1974 O -) O -J O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rates O -of O -proton O -- O -deuteron O -exchange O -of O -( O -C O -- O -alpha O -) O -- O -H O -with O -solvent O -deuterium O -, O -and O -of O -release O -of O -aldehyde B-Chemical -to O -regenerate O -thiamin O -have O -been O -measured O -for O -hydroxyethylthiamin O -and O -analogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxygen O -and O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -kinetics O -of O -Glycera O -dibranchiata O -monomeric O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -fast O -and O -slow O -pseudo O -- O -first O -order O -oxygen B-Chemical -combination O -rate O -constants O -varied O -linearly O -with O -oxygen B-Chemical -concentration O -between O -16 O -and O -1300 O -muM O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -reaction O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -due O -to O -a O -replacement O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -by O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -metabolites O -, O -the O -intracellular O -pH O -, O -and O -the O -state O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -in O -intact O -muscle O -by O -phosphorus B-Chemical -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -course O -of O -change O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -metabolites O -in O -frog O -muscle O -showed O -that O -ATP O -level O -remains O -unchanged O -until O -phosphocreatine O -is O -nearly O -depleted O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chemical O -shifts O -of O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -metabolites O -were O -determined O -in O -several O -relevant O -solutions O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -complete O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -is O -not O -required O -to O -produce O -a O -folded O -conformation O -similar O -to O -the O -native O -globular O -protein O -, O -and O -they O -appear O -to O -eliminate O -the O -possibility O -that O -proteins O -fold O -from O -their O -NH2 O -terminus O -during O -protein O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -the O -absence O -and O -presence O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -this O -curve O -also O -lacks O -the O -low O -pH O -inflection O -observed O -in O -the O -histidine O -119 O -NMR O -titration O -curve O -in O -ribonuclease O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -proto O -- O -, O -deutero O -- O -and O -mesomyoglobins O -have O -a O -high O -spin O -state O -under O -the O -same O -condition O -, O -the O -increase O -of O -the O -low O -spin O -iron B-Chemical -in O -these O -formylmyoglobins O -may O -be O -due O -to O -the O -strong O -electron O -withdrawal O -by O -the O -formyl O -groups O -toward O -the O -periphery O -of O -the O -porphyrin O -ring O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -electron O -density O -of O -the O -ferric O -iron B-Chemical -appears O -to O -be O -similar O -for O -the O -two O -isomeric O -monoformyl O -- O -monovinylmyoglobins O -. O - -aps B-category -Reaction O -of O -phenylglyoxal O -with O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -and O -its O -isolated O -catalytic O -subunit O -results O -in O -complete O -loss O -of O -enzymatic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -native O -enzyme O -complete O -protection O -from O -inactivation O -is O -afforded O -by O -N O -- O -( O -phosphonacetyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -the O -essential O -arginine O -is O -involved O -in O -the O -binding O -of O -carbamyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -to O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -N O -- O -( O -phosphonacetyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -is O -used O -to O -protect O -the O -active O -site O -we O -find O -that O -phenylglyoxal O -also O -causes O -the O -loss O -of O -activation O -of O -ATP O -and O -inhibition O -by O -CTP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -monomeric O -nature O -of O -the O -enzyme O -is O -suggested O -by O -the O -molecular O -weight O -of O -37 O -, O -000 O -from O -both O -molecular O -sieve O -chromatography O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -with O -beta O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -its O -synthesis O -by O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mutant O -strain O -lacking O -this O -asparaginase O -has O -been O -isolated O -and O -grows O -at O -1 O -/ O -2 O -to O -1 O -/ O -3 O -the O -rate O -of O -the O -parent O -strain O -when O -asparagine O -is O -provided O -in O -the O -medium O -as O -the O -sole O -source O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Mutants O -lacking O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -fail O -to O -produce O -the O -asparaginase O -, O -and O -mutants O -with O -a O -high O -constitutive O -level O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -also O -contain O -the O -asparaginase O -at O -a O -high O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Degradation O -was O -enhanced O -by O -Ca2 O -+ O -and O -thiols B-Chemical -and O -inhibited O -by O -various O -protease O -inhibitors O -and O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -reagents O -. O - -aps B-category -Tert O -- O -butyl O -hydroperoxide O -( O -2 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -a O -glutathione B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxidizing I-Chemical -reagent O -, O -inhibited O -degradation O -by O -35 O -to O -50 O -% O -, O -possibly O -due O -to O -an O -effect O -on O -a O -glutathione B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -insulin I-Chemical -transhydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -transient O -changes O -in O -Rm O -were O -produced O -by O -0 O -. O -2 O -and O -2 O -. O -0 O -muM O -T3 O -at O -pH O -of O -7 O -. O -1 O -T3 O -reduced O -membrane O -resistance O -in O -isotonic O -K2SO4 O -and O -tris O -- O -buffered O -Mn O -( O -20 O -mM O -) O -solutions O -indicating O -that O -T3 O -increases O -potassium B-Chemical -permeability O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -improved O -gas O -chromatographic O -method O -is O -described O -for O -the O -simultaneous O -determination O -of O -carboxylic O -acid O -chlorides O -and O -related O -carboxylic O -acids O -used O -in O -the O -production O -of O -some O -commercial O -semisynthetic O -penicillins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -method O -, O -an O -extension O -of O -the O -earlier O -procedure O -of O -Hishta O -and O -Bomstein O -( O -1 O -) O -, O -has O -been O -applied O -to O -the O -acid O -chlorides O -used O -to O -make O -oxacillin B-Chemical -, O -cloxacillin O -, O -dicloxacillin O -, O -and O -methicillin B-Chemical -( O -Figure O -1 O -) O -; O -it O -shows O -promise O -of O -application O -to O -other O -acid O -chlorides O -. O - -aps B-category -Demonstration O -and O -some O -properties O -of O -cytosol O -- O -binding O -proteins O -for O -thyroxine B-Chemical -and O -triiodothyronine O -in O -human O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentrations O -of O -pregnenolone O -( O -delta5P O -) O -, O -dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical -( O -DHEA B-Chemical -) O -, O -16alpha O -- O -hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone O -( O -16alpha O -- O -OH O -DHEA B-Chemical -) O -, O -pregnenolone O -sulfate O -( O -delta5P O -- O -S O -) O -, O -and O -dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical -sulfate O -( O -DHEA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -S I-Chemical -) O -were O -measured O -simultaneously O -by O -radioimmunoassay O -in O -individual O -, O -paired O -umbilical O -artery O -( O -UA O -) O -and O -vein O -( O -UV O -) O -sera O -from O -18 O -normal O -term O -pregnancies O -, O -6 O -in O -labor O -, O -12 O -not O -in O -labor O -. O - -aps B-category -Umbilical O -artery O -delta5P O -- O -S O -, O -DHEA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -S I-Chemical -, O -and O -DHEA B-Chemical -levels O -were O -significantly O -higher O -than O -UV O -levels O -, O -whereas O -the O -reverse O -was O -true O -for O -delta5P O -and O -16alpha O -- O -OH O -DHEA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -by O -linear O -regression O -of O -paired O -UA O -and O -UV O -steroid B-Chemical -concentrations O -of O -delta5P O -, O -delta5P O -- O -S O -, O -DHEA B-Chemical -, O -and O -DHEA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -S I-Chemical -revealed O -a O -significant O -correlation O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -for O -each O -steroid B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -demonstrate O -that O -: O -1 O -) O -a O -significant O -difference O -between O -UA O -and O -UV O -concentrations O -exists O -for O -delta5P O -, O -DHEA B-Chemical -, O -16alpha O -- O -OH O -DHEA B-Chemical -, O -delta5P O -- O -S O -, O -and O -DHEA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -S I-Chemical -; O -2 O -) O -there O -is O -a O -significant O -correlation O -between O -UA O -and O -UV O -concentrations O -for O -delta5P O -, O -DHEA B-Chemical -, O -delta5P O -- O -S O -, O -and O -DHEA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -S I-Chemical -, O -implying O -that O -each O -fetoplacental O -unit O -maintains O -an O -equilibrium O -relative O -to O -these O -steroid B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -umbilical O -circulation O -; O -3 O -) O -labor O -is O -associated O -with O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -UA O -levels O -of O -DHEA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -S I-Chemical -and O -probably O -of O -delta5P O -- O -S O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isoproterenol I-Chemical -stimulated O -renal O -medullary O -adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -, O -and O -this O -stimulation O -was O -blocked O -by O -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Propranolol I-Chemical -did O -not O -inhibit O -stimulation O -of O -glucagon O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -eosinophil O -enzyme O -specifically O -liberated O -choline B-Chemical -from O -I O -- O -alpha O -- O -phosphatidyl O -choline B-Chemical -with O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -4 O -. O -5 O -- O -6 O -. O -0 O -and O -exhibited O -a O -pI O -of O -5 O -. O -8 O -- O -6 O -. O -2 O -on O -polyacrylamide O -- O -gel O -isoelectric O -focusing O -, O -which O -are O -properties O -shared O -by O -phospholipase O -D O -from O -plant O -sources O -; O -however O -, O -its O -apparent O -mol O -wt O -of O -60 O -, O -000 O -is O -approximately O -one O -- O -half O -that O -of O -the O -plant O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -random O -crossover O -study O -, O -ten O -healthy O -men O -were O -pretreated O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -or O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -to O -alter O -urinary O -pH O -, O -and O -then O -were O -given O -a O -single O -1 O -- O -Gm O -dose O -of O -cephradine O -, O -either O -orally O -or O -intravenously O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -two O -clinical O -laboratory O -tests O -performed O -on O -blood O -samples O -from O -16 O -normal O -subjects O -following O -one O -week O -of O -either O -flurazepam B-Chemical -or O -placebo O -administered O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -method O -showed O -no O -apparent O -chemical O -interference O -by O -flurazepam B-Chemical -on O -any O -of O -the O -testing O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -egg O -factors O -on O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -sea O -urchin O -sperm O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -released O -from O -sea O -urchin O -eggs O -( O -FRE O -) O -elevated O -sperm O -cyclic O -AMP O -by O -about O -7 O -- O -fold O -within O -1 O -min O -, O -and O -the O -combination O -of O -FRE O -with O -theophylline B-Chemical -increased O -sperm O -cyclic O -AMP O -up O -to O -100 O -- O -fold O -within O -1 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -GMP O -in O -sperm O -treated O -with O -FRE O -plus O -theophylline B-Chemical -was O -not O -higher O -than O -in O -sperm O -treated O -with O -theophylline B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -6 O -- O -8 O -, O -lactose O -, O -whey O -proteins O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -ions O -had O -an O -inhibitory O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -process O -of O -plasma O -triglyceride B-Chemical -removal O -, O -chylomicra O -and O -very O -low O -density O -lipoproteins O -are O -converted O -to O -low O -density O -lipoproteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -analysis O -or O -triglyceride B-Chemical -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -turnover O -in O -density O -less O -than O -1 O -. O -006 O -lipoproteins O -should O -delineate O -the O -role O -of O -plasma O -lipid O -transport O -in O -milk O -fat O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Bovine O -pancreatic O -lipase O -was O -isolated O -in O -pure O -form O -by O -lyophilization O -of O -fresh O -bovine O -pancreas O -, O -extraction O -of O -the O -enzyme O -with O -sucrose B-Chemical -solution O -, O -fractional O -precipitation O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -and O -acetone O -, O -followed O -by O -chromatography O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -100 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -milk O -containing O -1 O -ppm O -cadmium O -, O -96 O -% O -of O -the O -added O -cadmium O -chloride B-Chemical -was O -dispersed O -in O -the O -skim O -milk O -fraction O -, O -and O -3 O -% O -was O -associated O -with O -the O -cream O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -Laboratory O -rats O -were O -fed O -experimental O -diets O -including O -yogurt O -, O -pasteurized O -yogurt O -, O -and O -simulated O -yogurt O -with O -sucrose B-Chemical -or O -lactose O -for O -7 O -days O -followed O -by O -a O -single O -experimental O -meal O -of O -yogurt O -, O -pasteurized O -yogurt O -, O -or O -simulated O -yogurt O -. O - -aps B-category -Heat O -- O -killed O -cells O -MT703 O -adhered O -to O -a O -glass O -surface O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -CGT O -MT703 O -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Antibodies O -specific O -for O -the O -polyglycerol O -phosphate B-Chemical -of O -teichoic O -acid O -did O -not O -inhibit O -adherence O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -type O -antigen O -and O -dextran B-Chemical -on O -the O -surface O -of O -the O -S O -mutans O -type O -e O -cell O -are O -functional O -in O -adherence O -, O -and O -that O -these O -polymers O -are O -associated O -with O -cell O -wall O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -beta O -adrenergic O -stimulation O -and O -blockade O -on O -cutaneous O -reactivity O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -For O -this O -reason O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -as O -a O -positive O -control O -, O -and O -saline O -as O -a O -negative O -control O -were O -iontophoresed O -onto O -the O -forearm O -of O -10 O -atopic O -and O -10 O -nonatopic O -adult O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -obtained O -allowed O -the O -following O -conclusions O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -The O -atopic O -group O -responded O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -with O -greater O -wheal O -size O -than O -the O -nonatopic O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -3 O -) O -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -decreased O -the O -wheal O -size O -in O -both O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -5 O -) O -The O -successful O -modulation O -of O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -wheal O -and O -flare O -indicated O -that O -these O -drugs O -, O -regardless O -of O -their O -effect O -on O -the O -dermal O -mast O -cell O -, O -exert O -a O -measurable O -effect O -on O -the O -target O -organ O -( O -vasculature O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Dual O -pathways O -of O -heme O -protein O -model O -compound O -reactions O -with O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -and O -pharmacological O -properties O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -channel O -of O -frog O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Block O -of O -Na O -channels O -by O -saxitoxin B-Chemical -is O -measured O -in O -nerve O -and O -in O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -transport O -mutants O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pyruvate B-Chemical -carboxylase O -of O -Pseudonomas O -fluorescens O -was O -purified O -160 O -- O -fold O -from O -cells O -grown O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -at O -20 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -activity O -of O -this O -purified O -enzyme O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -acetyl O -- O -coenzyme O -A O -or O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -, O -but O -was O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -ADP O -, O -which O -was O -competitive O -towards O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -regulatory O -properties O -and O -molecular O -weight O -are O -thus O -similar O -to O -those O -determined O -for O -the O -pyruvate B-Chemical -carboxylases O -from O -Pseudomonas O -citronellolis O -and O -Azotobacter O -vinelandii O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -copper B-Chemical -status O -on O -brain O -neurotransmitter O -metabolism O -in O -the O -lamb O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurochemical O -correlates O -of O -behaviour O -- O -- O -content O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -in O -four O -brain O -parts O -of O -the O -pigeon O -during O -behavioural O -depression O -following O -an O -injection O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Subcellular O -distribution O -of O -ketone B-Chemical -body O -metabolizing O -enzymes O -in O -the O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Stability O -of O -some O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -enzymes O -in O -vitamin O -B O -- O -6 O -deficient O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -PLP O -- O -dependent O -enzymes O -( O -serine O -dehydratase O -, O -ornithine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -delta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminotransferase I-Chemical -, O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -) O -and O -two O -non O -- O -PLP O -- O -dependent O -enzymes O -( O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -carboxykinase O -) O -were O -induced O -in O -vitamin O -B O -- O -6 O -deficient O -and O -control O -rats O -by O -feeding O -them O -high O -- O -protein O -diets O -or O -by O -injecting O -them O -with O -glucagon O -or O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ornithine O -aminotransferase O -was O -predominantly O -in O -holoenzyme O -form O -in O -both O -control O -and O -deficient O -rats O -, O -whereas O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -was O -predominantly O -in O -apoenzyme O -form O -in O -both O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -electrode O -sensitive O -to O -sulfa O -drugs O -was O -constructed O -by O -using O -the O -iron B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -- O -bathophenanthroline O -chelate O -embedded O -in O -a O -liquid O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Mass O -fragmentography O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -: O -relationship O -between O -brain O -levels O -and O -analgesic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -levels O -in O -brain O -reached O -a O -peak O -of O -346 O -ng O -/ O -g O -of O -tissue O -wet O -weight O -30 O -minutes O -after O -the O -subcutaneous O -injection O -of O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -and O -then O -declined O -rapidly O -over O -the O -next O -3 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -excellent O -correlation O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -923 O -) O -was O -found O -between O -the O -concentration O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -brain O -and O -analgesic O -activity O -, O -as O -measured O -by O -the O -hot O -plate O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -delta8 O -- O -and O -delta9 O -- O -tetrahydrocannabinol O -( O -THC O -) O -were O -studied O -after O -systemic O -intravenous O -administration O -and O -intra O -- O -arterial O -administration O -into O -a O -perfused O -vascular O -bed O -in O -the O -urethane B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anesthetized I-Chemical -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -in O -a O -dose O -which O -reduced O -the O -vasoconstrictor O -effect O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -by O -90 O -% O -, O -significantly O -reduced O -the O -response O -to O -i O -. O -a O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -demonstrated O -that O -reserpine B-Chemical -pretreatment O -significantly O -reduced O -vasoconstrictor O -actions O -of O -i O -. O -a O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -involvement O -of O -a O -transmitter O -different O -from O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -in O -the O -residual O -responses O -to O -nerve O -stimulation O -of O -the O -cat O -nictitating O -membrane O -after O -pretreatment O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -these O -experimental O -conditions O -, O -the O -responses O -to O -postganglionic O -nerve O -stimulation O -were O -not O -abolished O -, O -reaching O -up O -to O -50 O -% O -of O -the O -maximum O -development O -of O -tension O -to O -exogenous O -sympathomimetic O -amines B-Chemical -both O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effectiveness O -of O -phentolamine B-Chemical -and O -phenoxybenzamine O -in O -blocking O -responses O -to O -exogenous O -NE O -was O -the O -same O -when O -the O -normal O -nictitating O -membrane O -was O -compared O -to O -the O -smooth O -muscle O -obtained O -from O -cats O -pretreated O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Scopolamine B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -078 O -muM O -, O -did O -not O -reduce O -the O -residual O -responses O -to O -nerve O -stimulation O -while O -it O -antagonized O -the O -responses O -to O -exogenous O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -, O -indicating O -that O -a O -cholinergic O -mechanism O -is O -not O -involved O -in O -this O -phenomenon O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -residual O -responses O -to O -nerve O -stimulation O -obtained O -after O -pretreatment O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -could O -be O -due O -to O -the O -release O -of O -a O -transmitter O -different O -from O -NE O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dissociation O -constants O -( O -Kd O -) O -of O -the O -l O -- O -stereoisomers O -of O -both O -alprenolol O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -were O -10 O -to O -22 O -nM O -as O -determined O -by O -competition O -for O -binding O -sites O -or O -by O -inhibition O -of O -isoproternol O -- O -stimulated O -adenylate O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -that O -catecholamines B-Chemical -( O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -) O -inhibited O -spontaneous O -chemoreceptor O -activity O -, O -and O -that O -alpha O -adrenergic O -antagonists O -abolished O -both O -this O -inhibition O -and O -that O -produced O -by O -electrical O -stimulation O -of O -the O -CSN O -in O -the O -same O -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -centrifugal O -activity O -in O -the O -CSN O -causes O -release O -of O -endogenous O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -the O -carotid O -body O -, O -and O -that O -these O -catecholamines B-Chemical -mediate O -neurally O -induced O -inhibition O -of O -chemoreceptor O -activity O -is O -due O -to O -the O -vasomotor O -effects O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -partial O -antagonists O -pentazocine B-Chemical -, O -cyclazocine O -and O -nalorphine O -were O -found O -to O -possess O -narcotic O -cuing O -activity O -whereas O -naloxone B-Chemical -lacked O -any O -such O -action O -at O -doses O -up O -to O -160 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -para B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminohippurate I-Chemical -( O -PAH O -) O -infusion O -into O -rats O -, O -urine O -pH O -decreased O -and O -urine O -ammonium B-Chemical -excretion O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -supported O -by O -the O -in O -vitro O -findings O -that O -PAH O -could O -increase O -slice O -ammoniagenesis O -from O -glutamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -PAH O -infusions O -at O -certain O -concentrations O -in O -vivo O -can O -alter O -ammonium B-Chemical -excretion O -through O -increased O -renal O -ammonia B-Chemical -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -sulfobromophthalein O -of O -mitochondrial O -translocation O -of O -anions O -and O -adenine O -nucleotides O -: O -effects O -upon O -liver O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -and O -possible O -correlation O -with O -inhibition O -of O -bile O -flow O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -- O -beam O -spectrophotometric O -study O -strongly O -suggests O -that O -glutamate B-Chemical -translocation O -is O -similarly O -inhibited O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -kinetic O -constants O -of O -mitochondrial O -transport O -and O -of O -their O -inhibition O -by O -BSP O -on O -the O -one O -hand O -and O -of O -liver O -concentration O -of O -substrates O -and O -BSP O -on O -the O -other O -gives O -rise O -to O -the O -conclusion O -that O -a O -strong O -inhibition O -of O -transports O -, O -mainly O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -occurs O -in O -vivo O -and O -is O -responsible O -for O -the O -concomitant O -decrease O -in O -bile O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -experiments O -to O -determine O -KA O -values O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -was O -added O -to O -block O -activation O -of O -beta O -receptors O -and O -cocaine B-Chemical -to O -block O -the O -neuronal O -uptake O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -) O -The O -KB O -of O -phentolamine B-Chemical -determined O -with O -l O -- O -NE O -as O -the O -agonist O -was O -the O -same O -before O -and O -after O -fractional O -inactivation O -of O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -10 O -Blood O -acid O -- O -base O -changes O -were O -studied O -at O -17 O -degrees O -C O -in O -immersed O -crabs O -( O -Carcinus O -maenas O -) O -exposed O -to O -hypoxic O -and O -hyperoxic O -conditions O -, O -by O -measuring O -the O -pH O -and O -the O -CO2 O -partial O -pressure O -, O -PbCO2 O -, O -and O -by O -calculating O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pHi O -responses O -to O -CO2 O -application O -, O -CO2 O -removal O -and O -HCO3 O -- O -injection O -were O -slowed O -by O -the O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -inhibitor O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -cases O -were O -invariably O -acidotic O -and O -responded O -well O -and O -often O -dramatically O -to O -supportive O -intravenous O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -cell O -volume O -and O -ion O -content O -of O -a O -Halobacterium O -species O -are O -described O -in O -terms O -of O -the O -NaCl B-Chemical -concentration O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -- O -3 O -. O -5M O -) O -and O -pH O -( O -4 O -- O -8 O -) O -of O -the O -suspending O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -nonmetabolizing O -) O -bacteria O -, O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -did O -not O -change O -in O -size O -within O -the O -above O -ranges O -of O -[ O -NaCl B-Chemical -] O -and O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -salt B-Chemical -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -pretreatment O -with O -dibenamine O -, O -the O -log O -( O -dose O -ratio O -- O -1 O -) O -vs O -. O -- O -log O -[ O -B O -] O -curve O -for O -the O -ISO B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -antagonism O -was O -shifted O -upward O -and O -superimposed O -with O -the O -theoretical O -curve O -of O -antagonism O -in O -which O -uptake O -of O -the O -agonist O -was O -neglected O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -investigations O -a O -complex O -filter O -made O -of O -silver B-Chemical -plated O -minerals O -- O -- O -dolomite O -and O -fluorite O -- O -- O -has O -been O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -there O -was O -a O -rapid O -cumulative O -fall O -in O -pH O -during O -the O -1st O -hour O -after O -excision O -of O -the O -heart O -and O -a O -corresponding O -increase O -in O -lactate B-Chemical -content O -, O -but O -little O -additional O -change O -in O -either O -subsequently O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemical O -methods O -for O -the O -reduction O -of O -the O -purine B-Chemical -content O -of O -baker O -' O -s O -yeast O -, O -a O -form O -of O -single O -- O -cell O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemodynamic O -effects O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -critically O -ill O -septic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Preliminary O -characterization O -of O -the O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptor O -in O -human O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -with O -resealed O -ghosts O -showed O -that O -the O -membrane O -response O -to O -carbamyl O -choline B-Chemical -required O -ATP O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Affinity O -labeling O -was O -used O -to O -demonstrate O -an O -apparent O -molecular O -weight O -of O -41 O -, O -000 O -for O -the O -carbamyl O -choline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Sixteen O -young O -men O -drunk O -three O -doses O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -and O -their O -sexual O -arousal O -was O -measured O -by O -the O -changes O -in O -penile O -diameter O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -appear O -to O -be O -based O -on O -the O -joint O -effects O -of O -the O -alcoholic O -' O -s O -expectation O -that O -alcohol B-Chemical -has O -an O -analgesic O -effect O -and O -the O -physiological O -cues O -accompanying O -alcohol B-Chemical -consumption O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -between O -alcohol B-Chemical -dosage O -and O -performance O -decrement O -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -Viability O -of O -cells O -in O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rodent O -cells O -were O -found O -to O -contain O -a O -high O -level O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -which O -was O -not O -inducible O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -curve O -in O -alcoholics O -in O -delirium O -tremens O -was O -similar O -to O -that O -seen O -in O -hepatogenic O -diabetes O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -concentration O -and O -prior O -exposure O -to O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -consumption O -of O -5 O -and O -7 O -% O -alcohol B-Chemical -solutions O -produced O -conditioned O -aversion O -; O -the O -consumption O -of O -3 O -% O -alcohol B-Chemical -solution O -did O -not O -result O -in O -aversion O -. O - -aps B-category -Alcohol O -toxicity O -, O -blood O -alcohol B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -body O -water O -in O -young O -and O -adult O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Intake O -of O -absolute O -alcohol B-Chemical -peaked O -in O -1830 O -, O -at O -a O -rate O -twice O -that O -estimated O -for O -1970 O -. O - -aps B-category -Groups O -of O -students O -, O -teachers O -, O -adult O -advisers O -to O -youth O -, O -civil O -- O -service O -supervisors O -and O -occupational O -- O -program O -consultants O -were O -in O -basic O -agreement O -on O -philosophies O -for O -educating O -about O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -marihuana O -, O -lysergide O -( O -LSD O -) O -and O -heroin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -prolongation O -of O -hot O -plate O -time O -induced O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -methadone B-Chemical -or O -piminodine O -occurred O -before O -the O -highest O -HVA O -increase O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -exception O -of O -pentazocine B-Chemical -, O -those O -doses O -of O -narcotic O -analgesics O -that O -caused O -equal O -increases O -in O -striatal O -HVA O -content O -were O -also O -equianalgesic O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -finding O -suggests O -that O -narcotic O -analgesics O -do O -not O -act O -on O -the O -same O -sites O -as O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -when O -causing O -an O -increase O -in O -striatal O -HVA O -content O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -adrenergic O -influences O -in O -digitalis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -ventricular O -arrhythmia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -rates O -of O -sterol B-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -the O -liver O -, O -ileum O -, O -and O -lung O -of O -the O -guinea O -pig O -have O -been O -studied O -by O -measuring O -the O -incorporation O -by O -tissue O -slices O -of O -14C O -- O -labeled O -acetate O -into O -digitonin O -- O -precipitable O -sterols O -. O - -aps B-category -Depending O -on O -the O -time O -of O -day O -, O -the O -rate O -of O -sterol B-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -the O -ileum O -was O -from O -6 O -to O -14 O -times O -that O -in O -the O -liver O -, O -while O -in O -the O -lung O -the O -rate O -was O -up O -to O -3 O -times O -that O -shown O -by O -the O -liver O -, O -Additional O -studies O -showed O -that O -all O -regions O -of O -the O -small O -intestine O -synthesized O -sterol B-Chemical -at O -a O -higher O -rate O -than O -the O -liver O -, O -with O -the O -highest O -rate O -of O -synthesis O -occurring O -in O -the O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -so O -- O -called O -risk O -factors O -in O -the O -diurnal O -profile O -and O -following O -acute O -alcohol B-Chemical -intoxication O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -plasma O -under O -the O -physiologic O -conditions O -, O -there O -is O -an O -insufficient O -amount O -of O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -to O -elicit O -the O -insulin O -degrading O -activity O -, O -but O -in O -the O -liver O -there O -is O -a O -sufficient O -amount O -of O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -to O -manifest O -this O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -also O -show O -increased O -sensitivity O -to O -deoxycholate O -, O -EDTA O -, O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -on O -pre O -- O -and O -postsynaptic O -dopaminergic O -mechanisms O -in O -the O -rat O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -Ferredoxin O -- O -dependent O -photosynthetic O -reduction O -of O -nitrate B-Chemical -and O -nitrite B-Chemical -by O -particles O -of O -Anacystis O -nidulans O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -enzymes O -of O -the O -nitrate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -reducing I-Chemical -system O -- O -namely O -, O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -and O -nitrite B-Chemical -reductase O -- O -are O -firmly O -bound O -to O -the O -isolated O -pigment O -- O -containing O -particles O -, O -and O -can O -be O -easily O -solubilized O -by O -prolonging O -the O -vibration O -or O -sonication O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -of O -the O -properties O -of O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -indirect O -methods O -include O -the O -examination O -of O -the O -blood O -( O -ESR O -, O -blood O -picture O -, O -electrolytes O -, O -especially O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -for O -the O -exclusion O -of O -hyperparathyroidism O -, O -status O -of O -fat O -and O -liver O -enzymes O -, O -activity O -of O -alpha O -- O -amylase O -and O -lipase O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -excluding O -of O -a O -disturbance O -of O -the O -carbohydrate O -metabolism O -in O -addition O -to O -blood O -sugar O -determinations O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -and O -tolbutamide O -tests O -, O -the O -determination O -of O -insulin O -activity O -is O -indicated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -samples O -were O -assayed O -for O -the O -gamma O -- O -aminobutyric O -- O -acid O -- O -synthesizing O -enzyme O -, O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -, O -and O -for O -the O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -synthesizing I-Chemical -enzyme O -, O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -binding O -were O -not O -significantly O -different O -in O -choreic O -and O -control O -caudate O -nucleus O -or O -cortex O -, O -suggesting O -that O -, O -despite O -the O -loss O -of O -gamma O -- O -aminobutyric O -- O -acid O -- O -synthesizing O -ability O -in O -the O -corpus O -striatum O -, O -gamma O -- O -aminobuytric O -acid O -mimetic O -drugs O -might O -alleviate O -the O -movement O -disorders O -in O -Huntington O -' O -s O -chorea O -. O - -aps B-category -Bifurcated O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonds O -and O -flip O -- O -- O -flop O -conformation O -in O -a O -modified O -nucleic O -acid O -base O -, O -gc6 O -Ade O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -conclusion O -is O -made O -that O -changes O -in O -afterpotentials O -are O -determined O -by O -changes O -in O -kinetics O -of O -the O -membrane O -potassium B-Chemical -permeability O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -the O -superior O -cervical O -ganglia O -of O -rats O -: O -opposite O -influence O -of O -muscarinic O -and O -nicotinic O -receptor O -agonists O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -functions O -of O -a O -kidney O -, O -whether O -normal O -or O -cystic O -, O -can O -be O -conceptualized O -in O -terms O -of O -anatomy O -( O -glomerulus O -, O -proximal O -tubule O -, O -loop O -of O -Henle O -, O -distal O -convolution O -, O -and O -collecting O -duct O -) O -, O -activity O -( O -volume O -regulation O -, O -dilution O -and O -concentration O -, O -acid O -- O -base O -regulation O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -excretion O -, O -transport O -of O -organic O -molecules O -, O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -excretion O -) O -, O -and O -the O -integration O -of O -anatomic O -organization O -to O -meet O -functional O -demand O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -affinity O -of O -this O -transport O -system O -for O -phosphate B-Chemical -is O -0 O -. O -08 O -mM O -at O -100 O -mM O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -dependent O -phosphate B-Chemical -uptake O -is O -two O -times O -higher O -at O -pH O -8 O -compared O -to O -the O -uptake O -observed O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -all O -conditions O -a O -nonhyperbolic O -dependence O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -uptake O -on O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -concentration O -is O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -entry O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -across O -the O -brush O -border O -membrane O -into O -the O -epithelial O -cell O -of O -the O -proximal O -tubule O -is O -coupled O -to O -the O -entry O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -are O -best O -explained O -by O -the O -following O -hypothesis O -: O -Both O -the O -primary O -phosphate B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -the O -secondary O -phosphate B-Chemical -are O -transported O -in O -cotransport O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -exit O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -across O -the O -contraluminal O -cell O -border O -is O -sodium B-Chemical -independent O -and O -is O -favoured O -by O -the O -high O -intracellular O -phosphate B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -the O -inside O -negative O -membrane O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -reabsorption O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -Merino O -ewes O -during O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -tubular O -maximum O -for O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -was O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -is O -reabsorbed O -by O -2 O -distinct O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Letter O -: O -Treatment O -of O -Zollinger O -- O -Ellison O -syndromes O -with O -metiamide O -or O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Buffering O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -with O -gastric O -juice O -proteins O -secreted O -in O -response O -to O -pentagastrin O -stimulation O -in O -patients O -with O -duodenal O -ulcer O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -urea B-Chemical -and O -creatinine B-Chemical -levels O -significantly O -increased O -, O -there O -was O -proteinuria O -, O -and O -significant O -decrease O -in O -24 O -- O -hr O -diuresis O -, O -glomerular O -filtration O -, O -and O -urinary O -urea B-Chemical -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -low O -- O -grade O -asthma O -is O -best O -treated O -with O -an O -around O -- O -the O -- O -clock O -regimen O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -severe O -cases O -may O -be O -treated O -with O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -, O -but O -these O -drugs O -must O -be O -skillfully O -administered O -to O -avoid O -adverse O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -cases O -, O -a O -history O -should O -be O -obtained O -quickly O -, O -the O -patient O -should O -be O -examined O -to O -confirm O -the O -diagnosis O -, O -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -should O -be O -administered O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -physician O -who O -understands O -the O -pathophysiology O -of O -angina O -pectoris O -can O -apply O -rational O -therapeutic O -measures O -based O -on O -an O -appreciation O -of O -the O -determinants O -of O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -supply O -and O -demand O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -with O -more O -resistant O -angina O -, O -use O -of O -oral O -or O -topical O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -or O -sublingual O -isosorbide B-Chemical -dinitrite O -as O -well O -as O -propranolol B-Chemical -can O -be O -advised O -. O - -aps B-category -Intranasal O -beclomethasone B-Chemical -dipropionate I-Chemical -in O -seasonal O -rhinitis O -in O -general O -practice O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -statistically O -significant O -difference O -in O -favour O -of O -intranasal O -beclomethasone B-Chemical -dipropionate I-Chemical -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -- O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -monooxygenase I-Chemical -activity O -[ O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -, O -tetrahydropteridine O -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -( O -3 O -- O -hydroxylating O -) O -; O -EC O -1 O -. O -14 O -. O -16 O -. O -2 O -] O -of O -rat O -adrenal O -medulla O -is O -induced O -20 O -- O -24 O -hr O -after O -the O -injection O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -( O -16 O -mumol O -/ O -kg O -intraperitoneally O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Corticotropin O -( O -ACTH B-Chemical -) O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -do O -not O -induce O -the O -monooxygenase O -, O -but O -elicit O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -medulla O -which O -fails O -to O -activate O -protein O -kinase O -and O -lasts O -less O -than O -1 O -hr O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -evidence O -indicates O -that O -this O -increase O -is O -due O -to O -a O -translocation O -from O -cytosol O -to O -subcellular O -structures O -of O -a O -kinase O -that O -utilizes O -lysine O -- O -rich O -histone O -as O -phosphate B-Chemical -acceptor O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -15 O -- O -hydroxyprostaglandin O -dehydrogenase O -specific O -for O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -A O -in O -rabbit O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -agreement O -with O -published O -data O -, O -the O -15 O -- O -hydroxyprostaglandin O -dehydrogenase O -( O -s O -) O -derived O -from O -the O -kidney O -cortex O -were O -found O -to O -degrade O -all O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -examined O -( O -PGE O -, O -PGF O -, O -PGA O -) O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -added O -cofactor O -NAD O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -dependent O -on O -microsomes O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -O2 O -and O -poly O -( O -G O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -model O -is O -developed O -to O -explain O -the O -activation O -of O -rat O -liver O -plasma O -membrane O -adenylate O -cyclase O -[ O -ATP O -pyrophosphate O -- O -lyase O -( O -cyclizing O -) O -, O -EC O -4 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -] O -by O -guanosine B-Chemical -nucleotides O -and O -glucagon O -and O -the O -dependence O -of O -the O -cATALYTIC O -RATE O -ON O -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -H O -+ O -, O -and O -substrate O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -G O -- O -C O -leads O -to O -A O -- O -T O -transitions O -are O -induced O -by O -heat O -, O -and O -arise O -from O -the O -deamination O -of O -cytosine B-Chemical -( O -5 O -- O -hydroxymethylcytosine O -in O -the O -case O -of O -bacteriophage O -T4 O -) O -generating O -uracil O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -l O -- O -isomers O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -were O -at O -least O -50 O -times O -more O -potent O -as O -inhibitors O -of O -IHYP O -binding O -than O -were O -the O -corresponding O -d O -- O -isomers O -. O - -aps B-category -Cortisol O -- O -sensitive O -and O -cortisol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -lymphoma O -P1798 O -cells O -specifically O -bind O -[ O -25I O -] O -insulin O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -iv O -and O -ia O -administration O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -its O -H1 O -and O -H2 O -blockers O -( O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -and O -metiamide O -) O -on O -systemic O -arterial O -pressure O -, O -heart O -rate O -, O -and O -uterine O -and O -iliac O -blood O -flows O -were O -investigated O -in O -unanesthetized O -, O -chronically O -instrumented O -nonpregnant O -ewes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -ia O -injections O -produced O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -blood O -flows O -in O -these O -vascular O -beds O -which O -was O -dose O -- O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -peripheral O -circulatory O -action O -produced O -by O -iv O -histamine B-Chemical -is O -probably O -secondary O -to O -its O -effects O -on O -reducing O -cardiac O -output O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha O -- O -MSH O -and O -MIF O -- O -2 O -effects O -on O -serotonin B-Chemical -levels O -and O -accumulation O -in O -various O -rat O -brain O -areas O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -used O -in O -determining O -the O -serotonin B-Chemical -measured O -both O -5 O -- O -OH O -- O -tryptamine O -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -and O -5 O -- O -methoxytryptamine O -( O -5 O -- O -MT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -treatment O -of O -hypophysectomized O -rats O -indicated O -that O -both O -peptides O -significantly O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -lowered O -serotonin B-Chemical -accumulation O -only O -in O -the O -area O -of O -the O -frontal O -cortex O -; O -a O -similar O -but O -smaller O -, O -not O -statistically O -significant O -, O -decrease O -was O -seen O -in O -the O -hypothalamus O -and O -hippocampus O -of O -the O -hypophysectomized O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Brains O -of O -intact O -and O -hypophysectomized O -( O -hypox O -) O -rats O -were O -analyzed O -for O -endogenous O -catecholamine B-Chemical -levels O -and O -the O -disappearance O -rate O -of O -endogenous O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -after O -treatment O -with O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -inhibitor O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -para I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -( O -AMPT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -various O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -treatments O -during O -development O -on O -growth O -and O -ingestive O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -all O -of O -these O -deficits O -produced O -by O -catecholamine B-Chemical -depletion O -with O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -were O -observed O -in O -rats O -in O -which O -brain O -dopamine B-Chemical -was O -preferentially O -reduced O -but O -not O -in O -rats O -having O -preferential O -destruction O -of O -noradrenergic O -fibers O -, O -suggesting O -that O -dopamine B-Chemical -depletion O -amounts O -for O -the O -observed O -alterations O -in O -developing O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -implicating O -malnourishment O -in O -other O -deficits O -produced O -by O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -could O -not O -be O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -wakefulness O -was O -imposed O -for O -8 O -hr O -during O -daylight O -on O -the O -day O -of O -the O -experiment O -and O -the O -rats O -were O -allowed O -to O -sleep O -for O -the O -following O -3 O -hr O -during O -darkness O -, O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -transaminase O -activity O -became O -high O -during O -the O -day O -and O -low O -at O -night O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -tryptophan B-Chemical -pyrrolase O -activity O -during O -sleep O -deprivation O -were O -demonstrated O -to O -be O -mediated O -by O -the O -pituitary O -- O -adrenal O -axis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -animals O -self O -- O -administering O -0 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -infusion O -cocaine B-Chemical -died O -in O -less O -than O -5 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -of O -the O -5 O -animals O -whose O -responding O -was O -maintained O -by O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -infusion O -diethylpropion B-Chemical -and O -one O -of O -the O -two O -animals O -whose O -responding O -was O -maintained O -by O -0 O -. O -05 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -infusion O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -survived O -the O -entire O -30 O -days O -despite O -high O -rates O -of O -intake O -. O - -aps B-category -Naloxone B-Chemical -administration O -temporarily O -eliminated O -the O -drinking O -of O -saline O -- O -etonitazene O -solution O -, O -but O -not O -that O -of O -saline O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -chronic O -administration O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -: O -dyskinesias O -in O -monkeys O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bovine O -liver O -enzyme O -which O -has O -been O -cystallized O -contains O -4 O -- O -- O -6 O -atoms O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -per O -mole O -of O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dialysed O -enzyme O -must O -be O -first O -treated O -with O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -- O -Aminolaevulinate O -synthetase O -cataylses O -the O -condensation O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -and O -succinyl O -- O -CoA O -to O -give O -5 O -- O -aminolaevulinic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -pathway O -B O -, O -loss O -of O -a O -C2 O -hydrogen B-Chemical -atom O -gives O -another O -type O -of O -carbanion O -( O -c O -) O -that O -reacts O -with O -succinyl O -- O -CoA O -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequent O -mechanistic O -and O -stereochemical O -events O -occurring O -at O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -atom O -destined O -to O -become O -C5 O -of O -5 O -- O -aminolaevulinate O -have O -also O -been O -delineated O -. O - -aps B-category -Biosynthetic O -experiments O -performed O -with O -precursors O -containing O -stereospecific O -labels O -have O -shown O -that O -the O -two O -vinyl O -groups O -of O -haem O -are O -formed O -through O -the O -loss O -of O -pro O -S O -hydrogen B-Chemical -atoms O -from O -the O -beta O -- O -positions O -of O -the O -propionate O -side O -chains O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -of O -amino B-Chemical -methyl O -pyrromethanes O -and O -their O -interaction O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -PBG O -with O -the O -appropriate O -enzyme O -systems O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectroscopic O -studies O -with O -13C O -- O -labelling O -limit O -the O -possible O -structures O -to O -two O -and O -total O -synthesis O -of O -these O -substances O -shows O -that O -the O -natural O -product O -carries O -its O -methyl O -group O -on O -ring O -D O -. O -An O -isomeric O -heptacarboxylic O -porphyrin O -having O -its O -methyl O -group O -on O -ring O -C O -is O -of O -particular O -interest O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Incorporation O -studies O -and O -specific O -degradations O -prove O -specific O -incorporation O -of O -uroporphyrinogen O -III O -into O -cobyrinic O -acid O -, O -which O -is O -the O -known O -precursor O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -poisoned O -rats O -the O -uroporphyrinogen O -decarboxylase O -enzyme O -( O -or O -group O -of O -enzymes O -) O -is O -probably O -partially O -inhibited O -and O -the O -pentacarboxylic O -porphyrinogen O -with O -an O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -group O -on O -ring O -C O -accumulates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biosynthesis O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -one O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -methyl O -groups O -of O -ALA O -is O -" O -lost O -" O -in O -the O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -iron B-Chemical -, O -which O -leads O -to O -the O -specific O -reactivity O -of O -haem O -cytochromes O -, O -haemoglobin O -and O -oxidizing O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Rhodopseudomonas O -spheroides O -can O -grow O -in O -a O -defined O -medium O -with O -either O -light O -or O -oxygen B-Chemical -as O -an O -energy O -source O -. O - -aps B-category -Cystathionase O -( O -EC O -4 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -15 O -) O -extracted O -from O -pigmented O -cells O -can O -catalyse O -the O -formation O -of O -cystine O -trisulphide O -from O -cystine O -, O -while O -rhodanese O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -8 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -) O -extracted O -from O -the O -same O -cells O -can O -catalyse O -the O -degradation O -of O -cystine O -trisulphide O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sulphite O -to O -form O -cystine O -and O -thiosulphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subunit O -molecular O -weight O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -G6PD O -) O -from O -baker O -' O -s O -yeast O -has O -been O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Monolayers O -of O -L O -- O -929 O -cells O -were O -treated O -with O -dinitrophenol O -during O -irradiation O -to O -prevent O -the O -DNA O -strands O -from O -rejoining O -; O -the O -extent O -of O -DNA O -damage O -was O -measured O -by O -the O -alkaline O -sucrose B-Chemical -sedimentation O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulphasalazine O -( O -SZ O -) O -inhibits O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -( O -PG O -) O -biosynthesis O -in O -vitro O -with O -a O -potency O -comparable O -to O -that O -of O -aceylsalicylate O -. O - -aps B-category -Partial O -characterization O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -the O -reproductive O -tract O -of O -the O -male O -house O -cricket O -, O -Acheta O -domesticus O -. O - -aps B-category -Indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -a O -known O -inhibitor O -of O -mammalian O -PG O -synthetase O -, O -was O -not O -inhibitory O -to O -the O -cricket O -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenothiazines O -, O -such O -as O -thioridazine B-Chemical -, O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -, O -or O -antiparkinson O -drugs O -, O -any O -of O -which O -may O -be O -given O -concurrently O -to O -psychiatric O -patients O -, O -may O -augment O -this O -effect O -as O -well O -as O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -quinidine B-Chemical -or O -procainamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -various O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -derivatives O -on O -the O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -elicited I-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -synaptosomal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Chlorpromazine O -, O -nor1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chlorpromazine I-Chemical -and O -7 O -- O -hydroxychlorpromazine O -reverse O -the O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -elicited I-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -while O -nor1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chlorpromazine I-Chemical -sulfoxide O -and O -nor2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chlorpromazine I-Chemical -sulfoxide O -have O -no O -effect O -on O -this O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -show O -that O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -and O -its O -metabolites O -with O -antipsychotic O -activity O -are O -more O -effective O -in O -reversing O -the O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -elicited I-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -than O -those O -metabolites O -which O -are O -devoid O -of O -antipsychotic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Benzodiazepines O -( O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -oxazepam B-Chemical -, O -chlordiazepoxide O -) O -inhibited O -competitively O -the O -binding O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -onto O -rat O -serum O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -suggest O -that O -the O -high O -levels O -of O -both O -5 O -- O -hydroxyindoles O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -which O -occurred O -in O -the O -rat O -brain O -after O -any O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -administration O -could O -be O -at O -least O -partly O -the O -consequence O -of O -its O -effect O -on O -tryptophan B-Chemical -binding O -in O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -an O -attempt O -to O -identify O -specific O -binding O -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -the O -binding O -of O -3H O -- O -pimozide O -to O -preparations O -of O -brain O -and O -to O -an O -artificial O -cellulose O -membrane O -was O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Displaceable O -binding O -of O -3H O -- O -pimozide O -in O -different O -brain O -areas O -did O -not O -correlate O -with O -dopamine B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -decreases O -in O -mating O -performance O -were O -seen O -among O -mice O -given O -diets O -containing O -0 O -. O -15 O -% O -chlordiazepoxide O -, O -0 O -. O -05 O -% O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -05 O -and O -0 O -. O -15 O -% O -oxazepam B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -02 O -and O -0 O -. O -10 O -% O -prazepam O -, O -0 O -. O -10 O -% O -flurazepam B-Chemical -, O -and O -0 O -. O -025 O -% O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -capacity O -of O -( O -1 O -- O -Sarcosine O -, O -8 O -- O -Threonine O -) O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -to O -block O -the O -contractile O -and O -pressor O -effects O -of O -exogenous O -and O -endogenous O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -was O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -ganglion O -- O -blocked O -vagotomized O -rats O -, O -infusion O -of O -the O -analog O -produced O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -blockage O -of O -the O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -pressor O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -two O -- O -kidney O -hypertensive O -rats O -, O -the O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -antagonist O -significantly O -reduced O -the O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -mercuric O -chloride B-Chemical -intoxication O -on O -urinary O -psi O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -excretion O -in O -the O -sheep O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Endogenous O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -indolalkylamines O -in O -attacks O -of O -bronchial O -asthma O -and O -decompensated O -hepatic O -cirrhosis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Nucleotide O -pyrophosphatase O -activity O -with O -uridine B-Chemical -diphosphoglucose O -and O -dephospho O -- O -CoA O -as O -substrates O -was O -demonstrated O -in O -normal O -human O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -nucleotide B-Chemical -pyrophosphatase O -/ O -phosphodiesterase O -I O -in O -normal O -serum O -in O -many O -respects O -resembles O -an O -enzyme O -previously O -isolated O -from O -liver O -plasma O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -trials O -of O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -in O -anxiety O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxprenolol B-Chemical -in O -senile O -tremor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -( O -- O -) O -stereoisomers O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -are O -30 O -times O -more O -potent O -in O -competing O -for O -the O -site O -than O -the O -corresponding O -( O -+ O -) O -stereoisomers O -. O - -aps B-category -Structural O -analogs O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -that O -are O -devoid O -of O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -physiological O -activity O -do O -not O -compete O -for O -[ O -3H O -] O -dihydroergocryptine O -binding O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -some O -cells O -, O -asparate O -selectively O -increases O -the O -membrane O -permeability O -to O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -giving O -rise O -to O -a O -hyperpolarization O -, O -while O -on O -other O -cells O -it O -increases O -the O -permeability O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -causing O -a O -depolarization O -. O - -aps B-category -Heart O -cell O -death O -may O -be O -prevented O -by O -maintaining O -the O -balance O -between O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -energy O -supply O -and O -consumption O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -assumption O -that O -such O -hypo O -- O -acidity O -was O -produced O -by O -the O -neutralisation O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -by O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -ions O -refluxing O -into O -the O -stomach O -from O -the O -duodenum O -, O -the O -data O -were O -corrected O -and O -resulted O -in O -a O -normal O -estimate O -of O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -in O -the O -gastric O -ulcer O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Antihypertensive O -therapy O -with O -timolol B-Chemical -and O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -9th O -week O -, O -the O -dose O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -was O -halved O -and O -either O -timolol B-Chemical -or O -its O -placebo O -was O -titrated O -in O -double O -- O -blind O -fashion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -caused O -a O -highly O -significant O -further O -reduction O -in O -pulse O -rate O -and O -a O -significant O -reduction O -in O -blood O -pressure O -in O -8 O -of O -10 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Structure O -and O -absolute O -configuration O -of O -lobosterol O -, O -a O -novel O -polyoxygenated O -sterol B-Chemical -from O -the O -alcyonacean O -Lobophytum O -pauciflorum O -( O -clelenterata O -, O -octocorallia O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Irreversible O -protein O -binding O -of O -norethisterone B-Chemical -( O -norethindrone O -) O -epoxide O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -30 O -min O -incubation O -0 O -. O -19 O -nmol O -of O -the O -epoxide O -were O -irreversibly O -bound O -per O -mg O -albumin O -which O -contains O -free O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -; O -proteins O -without O -SH O -- O -groups O -, O -such O -as O -concanavalin O -A O -, O -gamma O -- O -globulin O -, O -DNA O -and O -RNA O -, O -did O -not O -irreversibly O -bind O -norethisterone B-Chemical -epoxide O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -norethisterone B-Chemical -epoxide O -was O -incubated O -for O -60 O -min O -with O -hepatic O -microsomes O -of O -rats O -in O -absence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -about O -2 O -. O -0 O -nmol O -of O -the O -epoxide O -were O -irreversibly O -incorporated O -per O -mg O -microsomal O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -and O -cytosol O -decreased O -only O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -protein O -binding O -; O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -pretreatment O -of O -rats O -induced O -this O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -binding O -of O -norethisterone B-Chemical -epoxide O -to O -microsomal O -protein O -by O -a O -factor O -of O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -norethisterone B-Chemical -epoxide O -is O -able O -to O -chemically O -react O -with O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -hydroxyapatite O -to O -absorb O -antibody O -- O -bound O -steroid B-Chemical -and O -thus O -separate O -free O -and O -antibody O -- O -bound O -steroid B-Chemical -during O -radioimmunoassay O -has O -been O -examined O -using O -three O -steroid B-Chemical -antisera O -( O -to O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -to O -17 O -- O -hydroxyprogesterone O -and O -to O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17beta I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -increase O -in O -the O -amount O -of O -hydroxyapatite O -added O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -separation O -of O -free O -and O -bound O -steroid B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -No O -effect O -on O -the O -cross O -- O -reactivities O -of O -the O -antisera O -used O -could O -be O -demonstrated O -when O -hydroxyapatite O -was O -used O -and O -plasma O -testosterone B-Chemical -assays O -on O -22 O -plasma O -samples O -using O -hydroxyapatite O -gave O -essentially O -the O -same O -results O -as O -assays O -on O -the O -plasma O -using O -a O -coated O -- O -tube O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -hemispheric O -oxygen B-Chemical -comsumption O -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -production O -decreased O -while O -cerebral O -hemispheric O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Imbalance O -of O -such O -controlling O -factors O -in O -ischemic O -brain O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -paradoxical O -vascular O -responses O -to O -induced O -hypertension O -and O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Sotalol B-Chemical -, O -20 O -mg O -, O -and O -inderal O -, O -7 O -mg O -, O -were O -administered O -intravenously O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -difference O -between O -the O -results O -obtained O -with O -Sotalol B-Chemical -and O -Inderal O -. O - -aps B-category -Phospholipase O -D O -( O -phosphatidylcholine O -- O -phosphatidohydrolase O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -4 O -) O -hydrolyses O -lecithin O -into O -phosphatidic O -acid O -and O -choline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Content O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -the O -hypothalamus O -and O -different O -parts O -of O -the O -stomach O -in O -experimental O -ulcer O -and O -change O -in O -their O -level O -under O -the O -effect O -of O -gangleron O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -borderline O -conditions O -of O -a O -sthenic O -pole O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -tranquilizers O -is O -equal O -or O -sometimes O -is O -even O -less O -than O -in O -therapy O -with O -small O -doses O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -results O -it O -was O -established O -that O -the O -brain O -blood O -flux O -in O -patients O -with O -acquired O -heart O -insufficiency O -in O -different O -degrees O -of O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -is O -adequate O -to O -the O -metabolic O -requirement O -of O -the O -brain O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -corresponds O -to O -identical O -indices O -in O -normals O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -of O -a O -catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -rich I-Chemical -fraction O -with O -prolactin O -release O -- O -inhibiting O -factor O -( O -PIF O -) O -activity O -from O -porcine O -hypothalami O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rise O -in O -fetal O -Paco2 O -was O -observed O -after O -elective O -cesarean O -section O -in O -patients O -anesthetized O -both O -with O -a O -barbiturate B-Chemical -and O -with O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -/ O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -of O -the O -mothers O -were O -sedated O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -intravenously O -or O -fully O -anesthetized O -, O -after O -delivery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -upon O -cerebral O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -values O -obtained O -in O -halothane B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -were O -compared O -to O -those O -recorded O -in O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -anaesthesia O -, O -or O -to O -those O -measured O -in O -unanesthetized O -animals O -given O -an O -analgesic O -drug O -( O -fentanyl B-Chemical -citrate B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -demonstrate O -that O -, O -in O -the O -rat O -, O -halothane B-Chemical -depresses O -CMRo2 O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -way O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -in O -the O -rat O -the O -effect O -of O -2 O -% O -halothane B-Chemical -upon O -metabolic O -rate O -is O -comparable O -to O -that O -observed O -in O -barbiturate B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -open O -heart O -surgery O -hemodynamic O -changes O -due O -to O -1 O -. O -5 O -% O -enflurane B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -75 O -% O -halothane B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -18 O -% O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -and O -3 O -. O -4 O -% O -fluroxene O -have O -been O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -its O -slow O -uptake O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -was O -followed O -by O -small O -hemodynamic O -changes O -in O -this O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -report O -is O -given O -from O -an O -on O -- O -going O -multicenter O -trial O -in O -Sweden O -, O -in O -which O -117 O -hypertensive O -patients O -have O -been O -treated O -with O -a O -new O -cardioselective O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -, O -atenolol B-Chemical -( O -ICI O -66 O -. O -082 O -, O -Tenormin O -) O -for O -an O -average O -of O -six O -months O -( O -range O -2 O -- O -21 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subjects O -were O -treated O -with O -timolol B-Chemical -as O -the O -sole O -drug O -for O -one O -year O -and O -the O -hemodynamic O -study O -was O -repeated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -causes O -of O -raised O -tissue O -lactate B-Chemical -levels O -during O -hyperventilation O -despite O -the O -lack O -of O -evidence O -of O -cellular O -hypoxia O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -thawing O -in O -isotonic O -glucose B-Chemical -solution O -gave O -markedly O -poorer O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -transient O -rise O -in O -gill O -ventilation O -and O -O2 O -uptake O -, O -arterial O -Po2 O -was O -increased O -for O -the O -whole O -period O -of O -hypercapnia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -of O -plasma O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -was O -in O -part O -due O -to O -compensatory O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -uptake O -from O -the O -seawater O -across O -the O -gills O -and O -in O -part O -was O -effected O -by O -transfer O -between O -intracellular O -tissue O -compartments O -and O -extracellular O -spaces O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -1 O -- O -h O -preincubation O -to O -remove O -endogenous O -insulin O -, O -adipose O -tissue O -of O -obese O -mice O -( O -C57BL O -/ O -L4 O -ob O -/ O -ob O -) O -had O -a O -lower O -rate O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -than O -tissue O -which O -was O -not O -preincubated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -preincubation O -effect O -was O -abolished O -in O -obese O -mice O -which O -had O -had O -their O -serum O -insulin O -levels O -lowered O -toward O -normal O -by O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -after O -3 O -h O -with O -arterial O -Pco2 O -maintained O -at O -85 O -mmHg O -brain O -pHi O -was O -normal O -( O -7 O -. O -06 O -) O -, O -and O -during O -this O -time O -brain O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -had O -risen O -from O -11 O -. O -3 O -to O -24 O -. O -4 O -meq O -/ O -kg O -H2O O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -cerebroventricular O -ouabain B-Chemical -perfusion O -in O -the O -adult O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -central O -effect O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -caused O -a O -56 O -% O -increase O -in O -blood O -pressure O -above O -control O -values O -and O -a O -35 O -% O -increase O -in O -heart O -rate O -with O -various O -cardiac O -arrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -on O -the O -intracellular O -pH O -of O -rat O -cardiac O -and O -skeletal O -muscle O -during O -varying O -extracellular O -acid O -- O -base O -states O -was O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -hours O -later O -the O -animals O -were O -anesthetized O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -pentobarbital I-Chemical -and O -blood O -and O -tissue O -samples O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -catecholamine B-Chemical -release O -accompanying O -acidosis O -attenuates O -the O -change O -in O -pHI O -and O -increases O -the O -effective O -buffer O -value O -of O -cardiac O -and O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -influence O -of O -PaCO2 O -on O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -during O -extracorporeal O -circulation O -in O -hypothermia O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -probably O -reflects O -a O -decrease O -in O -tissue O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -. O - -aps B-category -Maternal O -venous O -ketamine B-Chemical -plasma O -levels O -, O -neonatal O -ketamine B-Chemical -plasma O -levels O -( O -umbilical O -artery O -and O -umbilical O -vein O -) O -and O -blood O -gases O -were O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Independent O -of O -the O -dose O -used O -, O -the O -plasma O -levels O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -umbilical O -artery O -or O -the O -umbilical O -vein O -were O -found O -to O -be O -identical O -in O -the O -two O -groups O -of O -newborn O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -and O -standard O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -values O -were O -found O -to O -be O -higher O -( O -1 O -and O -5 O -min O -) O -in O -both O -groups O -, O -compared O -to O -pH O -and O -standard O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -levels O -in O -a O -group O -of O -newborns O -delivered O -spontaneously O -. O -- O -- O -The O -results O -of O -this O -study O -show O -: O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -post O -partum O -recovery O -of O -the O -newborns O -was O -neither O -influenced O -by O -the O -ketamine B-Chemical -anesthesia O -itself O -nor O -by O -different O -drug O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -modification O -of O -determination O -for O -glucosamine O -and O -galactosamine B-Chemical -in O -glycoprotein O -with O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analyzer O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -on O -the O -acid O -- O -base O -equilibrium O -in O -the O -fetus O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -ISKEDYL O -does O -not O -seem O -to O -be O -a O -contraindication O -to O -anesthesia O -of O -the O -" O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -" O -type O -, O -when O -injected O -in O -pre O -- O -, O -per O -- O -or O -post O -- O -operative O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Transformation O -of O -sorbitol O -to O -mannitol B-Chemical -when O -used O -in O -parenteral O -administration O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -mannitol B-Chemical -in O -the O -urine O -would O -appear O -to O -result O -from O -a O -secondary O -catabolic O -through O -physiological O -pathway O -for O -the O -fructose O -produced O -by O -the O -metabolism O -of O -sortibol O -not O -metabolised O -during O -glycolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -treated O -the O -respiratory O -disturbances O -by O -assisted O -respiration O -and O -bradycardia O -and O -the O -diarrhoea O -with O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Physico O -- O -chemical O -characteristics O -, O -absorption O -and O -elimination O -kinetics O -and O -technics O -of O -use O -of O -enflurane B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -used O -with O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -, O -the O -enflurane B-Chemical -may O -provide O -good O -clinical O -results O -at O -inspired O -concentration O -1 O -- O -2 O -p O -. O -100 O -. O - -aps B-category -100 O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -66p O -. O - -aps B-category -Tracheal O -intubation O -was O -facilitated O -by O -injection O -of O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Myorelaxation O -is O -significant O -and O -better O -than O -that O -obtained O -with O -halothane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -more O -important O -the O -dose O -of O -Trive O -1000 O -, O -the O -more O -positive O -the O -nitrogen B-Chemical -balances O -were O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -quantitative O -analysis O -of O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -proved O -interesting O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -the O -proportions O -in O -the O -blood O -of O -non O -- O -essential O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -comparatively O -but O -little O -modified O -before O -and O -after O -the O -treatment O -, O -on O -the O -oppostie O -, O -the O -urinary O -clearance O -rate O -of O -the O -same O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -after O -treatment O -was O -far O -more O -variable O -and O -often O -quite O -important O -as O -far O -as O -certain O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -concerned O -. O - -aps B-category -EB O -51 O -( O -Trivemil O -) O -used O -in O -those O -30 O -patients O -gives O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -lipids O -and O -glucides O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -a O -biological O -level O -, O -in O -addition O -to O -classic O -investigations O -, O -40 O -analytic O -graphic O -records O -of O -lipid O -levels O -were O -made O -, O -as O -well O -as O -a O -quantitative O -analysis O -of O -serous O -triglycerides B-Chemical -and O -lipurias O -, O -a O -study O -of O -sorbitol O -and O -500 O -nitrogen B-Chemical -balances O -combined O -with O -150 O -chromatographies O -on O -the O -acidaminuria O -column O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -increasing O -doses O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -on O -the O -left O -ventricular O -function O -in O -the O -dog O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -low O -pressure O -, O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -increases O -the O -arterial O -pressure O -, O -the O -cardiac O -output O -and O -the O -systolic O -activity O -of O -the O -left O -ventricle O -for O -a O -reduced O -tachycardic O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -effect O -of O -intravenous O -dopamine B-Chemical -on O -the O -hemodynamics O -of O -the O -heart O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -is O -a O -positive O -inotropic O -agent O -without O -chronotropic O -action O -at O -doses O -of O -6 O -and O -12 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -object O -of O -this O -study O -is O -to O -examine O -the O -properties O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -at O -the O -hemodynamic O -and O -renal O -level O -in O -16 O -patients O -with O -decompensated O -chronic O -cardiopathies O -or O -very O -serious O -cardiogenic O -shock O -due O -to O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Studies O -of O -the O -variations O -in O -functional O -renal O -values O -induced O -by O -intravenous O -dopamine B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -groupe O -I O -, O -all O -of O -whom O -had O -normal O -functional O -renal O -values O -, O -there O -was O -no O -modification O -of O -these O -, O -while O -we O -observed O -increases O -in O -output O -, O -in O -excretion O -of O -electrolytes O -and O -in O -the O -clearance O -of O -the O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -salidiuretic O -effects O -of O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -would O -seem O -to O -be O -dissociated O -from O -the O -cardiovascular O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -was O -used O -in O -a O -dose O -of O -5 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -in O -ten O -infants O -with O -congenital O -cardiopathy O -and O -presenting O -in O -the O -immediate O -postoperative O -period O -a O -syndrome O -of O -low O -cardiac O -output O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dopamine B-Chemical -was O -used O -on O -ten O -patients O -having O -undergone O -one O -or O -several O -valvular O -replacements O -under O -extra O -- O -corporeal O -circulation O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -two O -cases O -, O -ventricular O -hyperexcitability O -induced O -by O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -disappeared O -under O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -place O -in O -comparison O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -positive O -effects O -of O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -seem O -to O -be O -limited O -in O -certain O -patients O -by O -the O -appearance O -of O -a O -cyanosis O -testifying O -to O -a O -rise O -in O -vascular O -resistances O -which O -increases O -the O -left O -auricular O -pressure O -and O -limits O -the O -inotropic O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Dopamine B-Chemical -and O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Use O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -cardiogenic O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -four O -of O -these O -, O -a O -comparative O -study O -was O -made O -with O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -glucagon O -and O -ouabaine O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparison O -of O -the O -endocrine O -response O -under O -2 O -kinds O -of O -anesthesia O -: O -neuroleptanalgesia O -of O -the O -chlorprothixene O -- O -dextromoramide O -type O -and O -venous O -anesthesia O -of O -the O -type O -alfadione B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fentanyl I-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -were O -divided O -into O -2 O -groups O -of O -7 O -, O -the O -first O -one O -being O -anaesthestized O -by O -chlorprothixene O -dextromoramide O -Neurolept O -- O -Analgesia O -and O -the O -second O -one O -by O -Alfadione O -Fentanyl B-Chemical -venous O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -it O -was O -in O -such O -a O -perspective O -that O -we O -re O -- O -appraised O -the O -effects O -of O -enflurane B-Chemical -upon O -cortical O -irritability O -, O -metabolism O -, O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -and O -intracranial O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -anaesthesia O -with O -enflurane B-Chemical -is O -followed O -by O -a O -rapid O -and O -smooth O -return O -to O -consciousness O -, O -a O -valuable O -factor O -in O -neurosurgery O -where O -post O -- O -operative O -neurological O -watching O -matters O -very O -much O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -PA O -of O -the O -diazotized O -ether B-Chemical -of O -cellulose O -containing O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -was O -used O -, O -the O -enzyme O -was O -destabilized O -. O - -aps B-category -Geliomycin O -was O -dissolved O -in O -0 O -. O -1 O -N O -sodium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Variation O -diagrams O -were O -proposed O -to O -be O -used O -for O -the O -analysis O -of O -the O -published O -data O -on O -the O -study O -of O -Vibrio O -cholerae O -sensitivity O -to O -tetracycline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Toxicological O -characteristics O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -its O -inhalation O -in O -concentrations O -of O -5 O -mg O -/ O -m3 O -for O -4 O -months O -, O -ampicillin B-Chemical -induced O -allergization O -of O -albino O -rats O -, O -decreased O -their O -immunity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -striking O -aspect O -of O -the O -results O -was O -the O -marked O -susceptibility O -of O -the O -pneumococci O -to O -all O -the O -antibiotics O -tested O -except O -the O -polymyxins O -and O -most O -of O -the O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotics O -, O -although O -some O -new O -aminoglycosides B-Chemical -were O -active O -in O -quite O -low O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -these O -strains O -( O -isolated O -early O -in O -1972 O -) O -were O -ampicillin B-Chemical -resistant O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -tetracycline B-Chemical -analogues O -other O -than O -tetracycline B-Chemical -, O -some O -aminoglycosides B-Chemical -, O -notably O -tobramycin B-Chemical -, O -kanamycin B-Chemical -, O -gentamicin B-Chemical -, O -and O -verdamicin O -, O -erythromycin B-Chemical -, O -and O -some O -new O -lincomycin O -analogues O -were O -also O -active O -in O -low O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -incidence O -of O -phlebitis O -due O -to O -buffered O -cephalothin B-Chemical -, O -cephapirin O -, O -and O -cefamandole O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -frequency O -of O -grade O -1 O -inflammation O -did O -not O -differ O -significantly O -among O -the O -three O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Citric O -acid O -metabolism O -in O -hetero O -- O -and O -homofermentative O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heterofermentative O -bacteria O -produced O -no O -acetoin O -or O -diacetyl O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -, O -and O -two O -strains O -produced O -traces O -of O -acetoin O -in O -its O -presence O -. O - -aps B-category -Acidification O -of O -all O -heterofermentative O -cultures O -with O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -resulted O -in O -acetoin O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -homofermentative O -bacteria O -produced O -more O -acetoin O -and O -diacetyl O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -than O -in O -its O -absence O -. O - -aps B-category -Candida O -utilis O -was O -grown O -in O -batch O -and O -continuous O -culture O -on O -prickly O -pear O -juice O -as O -sole O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -energy O -source O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -toxicity O -of O -selenium B-Chemical -dioxide O -to O -freshwater O -fishes O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -alpha O -and O -beta O -adrenergic O -blockade O -on O -epinephrine B-Chemical -induced O -pulmonary O -insufficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -others O -received O -epinephrine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -, O -2 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -for O -5 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -were O -pretreated O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -, O -250 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -, O -12 O -with O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -and O -16 O -with O -phenoxybenzamine O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Phenoxybenzamine O -decreased O -the O -early O -shunting O -, O -but O -less O -than O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -and O -did O -not O -decrease O -the O -late O -shunting O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -the O -observed O -hemodynamic O -changes O -it O -was O -suggested O -that O -beta O -blockade O -is O -effective O -in O -reducing O -epinephrine B-Chemical -induced O -pulmonary O -insufficiency O -by O -favorably O -altering O -the O -flow O -and O -distribution O -of O -pulmonary O -blood O -flow O -which O -in O -turn O -decreases O -epinephrine B-Chemical -induced O -ventilation O -- O -perfusion O -inequalities O -and O -capillary O -hypertension O -both O -of O -which O -result O -in O -shunting O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -protection O -is O -of O -short O -duration O -due O -to O -intimal O -fibrosis O -and O -luminal B-Chemical -stenosis O -or O -obstruction O -of O -the O -perfused O -veins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -simlutaneous O -oral O -administration O -of O -benorylate O -( O -4 O -- O -( O -acetamido O -) O -phenyl O -2 O -- O -acetoxybenzoate O -) O -with O -either O -indomethacin B-Chemical -or O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -to O -rats O -suffering O -from O -Freund O -' O -s O -adjuvant O -- O -induced O -arthritis O -leads O -to O -an O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -effect O -which O -is O -significantly O -greater O -than O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -same O -drugs O -administered O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Paracetamol B-Chemical -does O -not O -increase O -the O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -effect O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -or O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -and O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -clearly O -antagonizes O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -controlled O -trial O -of O -amantadine B-Chemical -in O -drug O -- O -induced O -extrapyramidal O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -Amantadine B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -comparable O -in O -effect O -to O -benztropine B-Chemical -mesylate O -, O -but O -with O -fewer O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diabetes O -mellitus O -caused O -the O -following O -changes O -in O -the O -metabolism O -: O -reduction O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -ATP O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -increase O -in O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -/ O -pyruvate B-Chemical -quotient O -to O -above O -40 O -, O -reduction O -in O -the O -ATP O -/ O -ADP O -quotient O -to O -below O -1 O -, O -reduction O -in O -the O -level O -of O -activity O -of O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -conveying I-Chemical -enzymes O -G O -- O -6 O -- O -P O -- O -dehydrogenase O -, O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -and O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -increase O -in O -the O -level O -of O -activity O -of O -the O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -reduction O -of O -the O -protein O -content O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -lysines O -have O -near O -normal O -pKa O -values O -around O -10 O -, O -and O -lower O -than O -normal O -reactivities O -( O -except O -the O -amino B-Chemical -terminal O -lysine O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -terminal O -lysine O -residue O -is O -presumably O -completely O -exposed O -to O -the O -aqueous O -environment O -. O - -aps B-category -EDTA O -inhibition O -could O -be O -reversed O -by O -addition O -of O -a O -slight O -excess O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -or O -zinc B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymes O -also O -hydrolyse O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -amides O -, O -dipeptides O -, O -dipeptide O -amides O -, O -tripeptides O -and O -oligopeptides O -at O -the O -N O -- O -terminal O -end O -. O - -aps B-category -Decrease O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -and O -induction O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -by O -dibutyryl O -- O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -AMP O -in O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Bakers O -' O -yeast O -uridine B-Chemical -nucleosidase O -is O -a O -regulatory O -copper B-Chemical -containing O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -on O -the O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -change O -in O -the O -level O -of O -reduced O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -and O -cytochromes O -in O -brain O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -neural O -input O -in O -the O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -on O -the O -rat O -adrenal O -medulla O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -showed O -these O -cells O -to O -be O -leaky O -on O -incubation O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -and O -thus O -not O -suitable O -for O -studies O -of O -protein O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -paper O -reports O -a O -study O -of O -the O -importance O -of O -vasoactive O -amines B-Chemical -in O -glomerular O -localization O -of O -passively O -administered O -immune O -complexes O -in O -the O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -Feeding O -sheep O -a O -concentrate O -diet O -compared O -with O -grass O -diets O -increased O -the O -hepatic O -specific O -activities O -of O -the O -three O -glycolytic O -enzymes O -studied O -, O -and O -that O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -49 O -) O -and O -reduced O -the O -specific O -activity O -of O -D O -- O -fructose O -- O -I O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphate O -I O -- O -phosphohydrolase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -11 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Light O -- O -induced O -glutamate B-Chemical -transport O -in O -Halobacterium O -halobium O -envelope O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -Illumination O -of O -cell O -envelope O -vesicles O -from O -H O -. O -halobium O -causes O -the O -development O -of O -protonmotive O -force O -and O -energizes O -the O -uphill O -transport O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Similarities O -between O -the O -light O -- O -induced O -transport O -and O -the O -Na O -+ O -- O -gradient O -- O -induced O -transport O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -in O -these O -vesicles O -suggest O -that O -the O -energized O -state O -for O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -uptake O -in O -both O -cases O -consists O -of O -a O -transmembrane O -Na O -+ O -gradient O -( O -Na O -+ O -out O -/ O -Na O -+ O -in O -greater O -than O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -molecules O -contain O -cysteine B-Chemical -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -and O -properties O -of O -carbonylbis O -( O -methionyl O -) O -insulin O -, O -a O -proinsulin O -analogue O -which O -is O -convertible O -to O -insulin O -by O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -cleavage O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -1 O -equiv O -of O -reagent O -with O -zinc B-Chemical -insulin O -in O -dimethylformamide O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -triethylamine O -yields O -as O -one O -of O -the O -products O -NalphaA1 O -, O -NepsilonB29 O -- O -carbonylbis O -( O -methionyl O -) O -insulin O -, O -( O -CBM O -- O -insulin O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidative O -sulfitolyses O -of O -CBM O -- O -insulin O -gave O -the O -hexa O -( O -S O -- O -sulfonate O -) O -which O -was O -reduced O -with O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -to O -yield O -reduced O -CBM O -- O -insulin O -. O - -aps B-category -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Mannitol I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Absidia O -glauca O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -crude O -extract O -also O -gave O -evidence O -of O -mannitol B-Chemical -kinase O -, O -mannitol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -phosphofructokinase O -, O -and O -L O -- O -iditol O -dehydrogenase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -optimum O -for O -polyol O -oxidation O -occurs O -at O -9 O -. O -6 O -( O -NaOH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -buffer O -) O -while O -ketose O -reduction O -proceeded O -most O -rapidly O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -- O -7 O -. O -2 O -( O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -various O -feedback O -modifiers O -on O -Bacillus O -stearothermophilus O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -has O -been O -investigated O -by O -initial O -velocity O -kinetics O -, O -using O -the O -Mn2 O -+ O -- O -stimulated O -biosynthetic O -assay O -at O -55 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -most O -potent O -inhibitors O -, O -used O -singly O -, O -are O -AMP O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -, O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Marked O -synergism O -of O -action O -is O -observed O -for O -AMP O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -, O -L O -- O -histidine O -, O -ADP O -, O -or O -glucosamine O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -glucosamine O -- O -6 O -- O -P O -) O -, O -and O -for O -CTP O -with O -ADP O -or O -GDP O -. O - -aps B-category -Glycine O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -are O -Vmax O -inhibitors O -, O -whereas O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -, O -glucosamine O -- O -6 O -- O -P O -, O -GDP O -, O -and O -CTP O -alter O -the O -binding O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -protein O -fluorescence O -change O -exhibited O -by O -ADP O -or O -orthophosphate O -addition O -to O -the O -Mg2 O -+ O -- O -or O -Mn2 O -+ O -- O -activated O -unadenylylated O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -phosphate B-Chemical -linked O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -NADP O -acts O -as O -a O -competitive O -inhibitor O -toward O -NADPH B-Chemical -in O -the O -catalytic O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -c O -) O -The O -effect O -of O -a O -chase O -with O -an O -excess O -of O -unlabeled O -GDP O -- O -mannose O -on O -the O -incorporation O -of O -mannose O -into O -endogenous O -acceptors O -was O -immediate O -cessation O -of O -the O -synthesis O -and O -subsequent O -turnover O -of O -the O -mannosyl O -lipid O -; O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -however O -, O -incorporation O -of O -mannose O -into O -protein O -continued O -and O -was O -proportional O -to O -the O -loss O -of O -mannose O -from O -the O -mannosyl O -lipid O -. O - -aps B-category -Histidine O -ammonia B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lyase I-Chemical -( O -EC O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -) O -from O -rat O -liver O -was O -purified O -more O -than O -250 O -- O -fold O -to O -near O -homogeneity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -also O -inhibited O -competitively O -by O -L O -- O -histidine O -hydroxamate O -( O -Kis O -= O -0 O -. O -4 O -mM O -) O -, O -and O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -by O -L O -- O -histidinol O -, O -D O -- O -histidine O -, O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -properties O -of O -histidine O -ammonia B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lyase I-Chemical -from O -rat O -liver O -differ O -significantly O -from O -those O -of O -the O -enzyme O -from O -Pseudomonas O -fluorescens O -which O -has O -been O -studied O -most O -extensively O -to O -date O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversion O -of O -residues O -from O -helical O -or O -pleated O -- O -sheet O -geometry O -to O -some O -intermediate O -geometry O -, O -as O -followed O -by O -means O -of O -the O -amide O -I O -and O -III O -lines O -, O -reveals O -that O -substantial O -amounts O -of O -the O -helical O -and O -pleated O -- O -sheet O -conformations O -remain O -at O -70 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Changes O -in O -the O -strength O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonding O -by O -the O -tyrosyl O -residues O -are O -indicated O -by O -the O -intensity O -ratio O -of O -the O -doublet O -at O -830 O -- O -850 O -cm O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -and O -changes O -in O -the O -geometry O -of O -the O -disulfide O -bridges O -by O -the O -frequency O -and O -half O -- O -width O -of O -the O -Raman O -line O -near O -510 O -cm O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -due O -to O -the O -S O -- O -S O -vibration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicated O -1 O -alpha O -- O -, O -12 O -beta O -- O -and O -gamma O -- O -, O -and O -1 O -heme O -propionic O -carboxylic O -, O -1 O -imidazole O -, O -1 O -phenolic O -, O -and O -18 O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -residues O -appear O -to O -titrate O -normally O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -thiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -activated I-Chemical -endopeptidases O -with O -pH O -optima O -near O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -were O -isolated O -from O -the O -supernatant O -fraction O -of O -rabbit O -brain O -homogenates O -by O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -chromatography O -, O -gel O -filtration O -and O -isoelectrofocusing O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -kininase O -A O -hydrolyzes O -the O -Phe5 O -- O -Ser6 O -peptide O -bond O -in O -bradykinin B-Chemical -( O -Bk O -) O -, O -Arg1 O -- O -Pro2 O -- O -Pro3 O -- O -Gly4 O -- O -Phe5 O -- O -Ser6 O -- O -Pro7 O -- O -Phe8 O -- O -Arg9 O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -brewers O -' O -yeast O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Vmax O -( O -app O -) O -data O -obtained O -in O -several O -buffers O -between O -pH O -5 O -and O -10 O -and O -at O -18 O -- O -32 O -degrees O -C O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -postulate O -that O -at O -least O -two O -sets O -of O -protonic O -equilibria O -may O -govern O -the O -catalysis O -( O -one O -near O -pH O -5 O -. O -7 O -AT O -25 O -DEGREES O -C O -and O -another O -near O -pH O -9 O -. O -2 O -) O -; O -furthermore O -, O -two O -pathways O -for O -product O -formation O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -two O -Vmax O -' O -s O -) O -appear O -to O -be O -required O -to O -explain O -the O -biphasic O -nature O -of O -the O -log O -Vmax O -( O -app O -) O -vs O -. O -pH O -curves O -, O -with O -Vmax O -( O -basic O -) O -greater O -than O -Vmax O -( O -acidic O -+ O -neutral O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -low O -lactose O -concentrations O -the O -rate O -of O -galactose B-Chemical -production O -was O -equal O -to O -the O -rate O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Allolactose O -was O -produced O -in O -amounts O -proportional O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -at O -all O -lactose O -concentrations O -( O -ratios O -of O -allolactose O -/ O -glucose B-Chemical -were O -about O -0 O -. O -88 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -, O -however O -, O -that O -allolactose O -could O -also O -be O -formed O -in O -significant O -quantities O -by O -the O -transfer O -of O -galactose B-Chemical -to O -the O -6 O -position O -of O -free O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -and O -also O -by O -hydrolysis O -of O -preformed O -trisaccharide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anomeric O -configuration O -of O -lactose O -altered O -the O -transgalactosylase O -/ O -hydrolase O -activity O -ratios O -, O -alpha O -- O -Lactose O -resulted O -in O -a O -decrease O -of O -allolactose O -production O -( O -transgalactosylase O -activity O -) O -relative O -to O -hydrolase O -activities O -( O -glucose B-Chemical -production O -) O -while O -beta O -- O -lactose O -had O -the O -opposite O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -31P O -NMR O -spectroscopy O -is O -a O -promising O -tool O -for O -investigating O -organic O -phosphate B-Chemical -interactions O -with O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -the O -alpha O -- O -helical O -poly O -- O -L O -- O -lysine O -- O -heme O -complex O -with O -molecular O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -, O -or O -cyanide O -ion O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -About O -60 O -% O -of O -the O -heme O -was O -transferred O -from O -hemichrome O -to O -albumin O -when O -the O -mixture O -was O -kept O -standing O -at O -room O -temperature O -for O -5 O -min O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -only O -5 O -% O -from O -methemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Chymotrypsin O -is O -specifically O -adsorbed O -at O -low O -ionic O -strength O -and O -alkaline O -pH O -to O -hydroxyalkyl O -methacrylate O -gels O -with O -N O -- O -benzyloxycarbonylglycl O -- O -D O -- O -phenylalanine O -or O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzyloxycarbonylglycyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -attached O -through O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -hexanediamine O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -from O -spectrophotometric O -titration O -and O -proton O -balance O -measurement O -that O -the O -pKa O -value O -of O -a O -heme O -- O -linked O -protonation O -group O -of O -horseradish O -ferro O -- O -peroxidase O -C O -( O -donor O -: O -H2O2 B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -11 O -. O -1 O -. O -7 O -) O -shifted O -from O -7 O -. O -25 O -to O -8 O -. O -25 O -upon O -combination O -with O -CO O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -difference O -in O -the O -strength O -of O -such O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonding O -between O -peroxidase O -and O -myoglobin O -was O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Out O -of O -eight O -proteins O -containing O -a O -single O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residue O -per O -molecule O -, O -seven O -proteins O -display O -multiexponential O -decay O -kinetics O -, O -suggesting O -that O -variability O -in O -protein O -structure O -may O -exist O -for O -most O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -the O -decay O -data O -with O -the O -quantum O -yield O -of O -the O -proteins O -raises O -the O -possibility O -that O -a O -subgroup O -of O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -is O -fully O -quenched O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -therefore O -concluded O -that O -each O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residue O -interacts O -in O -a O -more O -- O -or O -- O -less O -random O -manner O -with O -other O -groups O -on O -the O -polypeptide O -chain O -, O -and O -that O -on O -the O -average O -the O -different O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -in O -denatured O -proteins O -have O -a O -similar O -type O -of O -environment O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -partial O -characterization O -of O -the O -primary O -structure O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -D O -- O -Amino O -- O -acid O -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -( O -deaminating O -) O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -3 O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Chymotryptic O -peptides O -containing O -the O -5 O -alkylated O -thiols B-Chemical -of O -the O -monomer O -enzyme O -( O -Curti O -, O -B O -. O -, O -Ronchi O -, O -S O -. O -, O -branzoli O -, O -U O -. O -, O -Ferri O -, O -G O -. O -and O -Williams O -, O -Jr O -. O -, O -C O -. O -H O -. O -( O -1973 O -) O -Biochim O -. O - -aps B-category -Thyroglobulins O -prepared O -from O -unfrozen O -glands O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -in O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -using O -slice O -extraction O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -and O -Sepharose O -6B O -gel O -filtration O -were O -devoid O -of O -acid O -proteolytic O -activity O -but O -still O -underwent O -autodigestion O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -increasing O -the O -amount O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -the O -medium O -, O -the O -catabolite O -repression O -of O -the O -enzyme O -having O -an O -optimum O -pH O -at O -6 O -. O -0 O -and O -which O -is O -insensitive O -to O -feedback O -inhibition O -, O -was O -released O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -insensitive O -enzymes O -were O -not O -regulated O -by O -isoleucine O -, O -leucine B-Chemical -and O -valine O -, O -although O -sensitive O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -enzyme O -was O -repressed O -by O -them O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidation O -of O -N O -- O -methyl O -substituted O -hypoxanthines O -, O -xanthines O -, O -purine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -, O -8 O -- O -diones O -and O -the O -corresponding O -6 O -- O -thioxo O -derivatives O -by O -bovine O -milk O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -purines O -which O -are O -rapidly O -attacked O -by O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -proper O -attachment O -to O -the O -active O -center O -is O -mediated O -by O -the O -groupings O -( O -3 O -) O -NH O -, O -( O -9 O -) O -N O -or O -( O -3 O -) O -N O -, O -( O -9 O -) O -NH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -catalyzed O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -butyrylcholine O -with O -the O -miximum O -activity O -among O -various O -esters O -tested O -, O -and O -split O -benzoylcholine B-Chemical -, O -propionylcholine O -and O -some O -aliphatic O -esters O -, O -but O -did O -not O -attact O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -inhibited O -by O -some O -compounds O -, O -such O -as O -atropine B-Chemical -and O -quinidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -procoagulant O -, O -fibrinogenolytic O -, O -aminoesterase O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -forms O -had O -the O -same O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -sodium B-Chemical -cholate B-Chemical -concentration O -or O -methanol O -/ O -chloroform B-Chemical -/ O -ether B-Chemical -solvent O -were O -effective O -without O -loss O -of O -enzymatic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -the O -complex O -has O -not O -yet O -been O -elucidated O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -were O -stable O -up O -to O -70 O -degrees O -C O -with O -rapid O -loss O -of O -activity O -between O -75 O -- O -80 O -degrees O -C O -; O -both O -retained O -25 O -- O -30 O -% O -activity O -in O -6 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -and O -65 O -% O -of O -the O -original O -activity O -could O -be O -restored O -in O -the O -coupled O -preparation O -by O -removal O -of O -the O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -did O -not O -need O -metal O -ions O -for O -optimal O -activity O -, O -monovalent O -cations O -did O -not O -influence O -its O -kinetic O -parameters O -, O -but O -it O -was O -inhibited O -by O -cobalt B-Chemical -, O -pC1HgBzO O -- O -and O -TosPheCH2C1 O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -to O -its O -substrate O -specificity O -, O -the O -enzyme O -belongs O -to O -the O -so O -called O -leucine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopeptidases I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Analogous O -soluble O -and O -insoluble O -derivatives O -of O -subtilisin O -Novo O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -21 O -. O -14 O -) O -were O -prepared O -by O -coupling O -the O -enzyme O -to O -CNBr O -- O -activated O -DEAE B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dextran I-Chemical -and O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -with O -subtilisin O -, O -DEAE B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dextran I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -subtilisin I-Chemical -showed O -a O -40 O -- O -65 O -% O -reduction O -of O -kcat O -for O -hydrolysis O -of O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -ethyl O -ester O -, O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -and O -benzyloxycarbonyl O -- O -glycyl O -- O -L O -- O -tyrosinamide O -and O -its O -maximum O -velocities O -for O -digestion O -of O -casein O -and O -clupein O -also O -amounted O -to O -40 O -- O -60 O -% O -of O -the O -subtilisin O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -of O -urease O -were O -modified O -by O -the O -anhydride O -at O -a O -molar O -ratio O -of O -2000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -the O -result O -of O -tight O -binding O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -by O -two O -catalytically O -active O -enzyme O -- O -substrate O -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -dependence O -of O -the O -inhibition O -reaction O -in O -the O -alkaline O -medium O -indicates O -that O -both O -the O -fluoride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -enzyme I-Chemical -interaction O -and O -the O -catalytic O -step O -of O -the O -pyrophosphatase O -reaction O -are O -controlled O -by O -the O -same O -group O -on O -the O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Extraction O -of O -the O -microsomes O -with O -KCl O -, O -KSCN O -, O -urea B-Chemical -or O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -did O -not O -change O -the O -ratio O -of O -diacylglycerol O -hydrolysis O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -8 O -and O -8 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -significance O -of O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -proteins O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -of O -the O -ribonuclease O -was O -inhibited O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -rifampicin B-Chemical -, O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -or O -orthophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -, O -temperature O -and O -pH O -on O -the O -number O -of O -cells O -separated O -in O -the O -course O -of O -dispersion O -procedure O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Solvent O -effects O -were O -relatively O -small O -and O -no O -firm O -evidence O -for O -binding O -of O -ligands O -trans O -to O -bridging O -oxygen B-Chemical -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Reported O -here O -are O -studies O -on O -the O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylgylcylglycine I-Chemical -system O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -and O -the O -molar O -ratio O -between O -the O -ligand O -and O -the O -paramagnetic O -ion O -, O -applying O -potentiometric O -titration O -, O -magnetic O -resonances O -( O -esr O -and O -nmr O -) O -and O -spectrophotometric O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -Precipitation O -of O -copper B-Chemical -occurs O -in O -region O -II O -( O -pH O -- O -7 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -for O -the O -estimation O -of O -acetanilide O -, O -paracetamol B-Chemical -and O -phenacetin B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -and O -urine O -using O -mass O -fragmentography O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -are O -produced O -by O -reaction O -of O -hexadeuterioacetic O -anhydride O -with O -the O -appropriate O -aromatic O -amine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -internal O -standard O -is O -added O -to O -the O -plasma O -or O -urine O -after O -enzymatic O -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -paracetamol B-Chemical -conjugates O -and O -an O -ethyl O -acetate O -extract O -at O -pH O -5 O -is O -evaporated O -under O -nitrogen B-Chemical -and O -the O -residue O -derivatized O -with O -N O -, O -O O -- O -bis O -- O -( O -trimethylsilyl O -) O -- O -acetamide O -. O - -aps B-category -Calibration O -curves O -relating O -different O -weight O -ratios O -of O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -and O -deuterium O -compounds O -to O -their O -respective O -signals O -from O -the O -gas O -chromatography O -mass O -spectrometer O -are O -used O -to O -calculate O -the O -amount O -of O -a O -compound O -in O -a O -particular O -sample O -. O - -aps B-category -Preliminary O -results O -from O -experiments O -with O -phenacetin B-Chemical -will O -be O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -carbohydrates O -in O -the O -biology O -of O -the O -liver O -fluke O -, O -Fasciola O -gigantica O -: O -effects O -of O -temperature O -and O -pH O -upon O -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Meningitis O -due O -to O -relatively O -penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -pneumococcus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -trans O -- O -synaptic O -induction O -of O -the O -enzyme O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -by O -reserpine B-Chemical -is O -not O -affected O -by O -postganglionic O -axotomy O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylcholine O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -depolarized O -various O -neurones O -; O -GABA B-Chemical -caused O -hyperpolarization O -, O -while O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -glycine B-Chemical -had O -no O -significant O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -and O -related O -enzymes O -in O -the O -circumventricular O -organs O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -properties O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -sulfinate O -decarboxylase O -( O -CSD O -) O -activity O -were O -studied O -in O -the O -pellet O -and O -supernatant O -of O -a O -18 O -, O -000 O -X O -g O -centrifugation O -of O -isotonic O -sucrose B-Chemical -rat O -brain O -homogenates O -. O - -aps B-category -Periodic O -arousal O -in O -the O -garden O -dormouse O -is O -accompagnied O -by O -a O -rise O -in O -plasma O -and O -muscle O -lactate B-Chemical -levels O -and O -a O -diminution O -of O -muscle O -glycogen O -. O - -aps B-category -Many O -bile O -acids O -could O -, O -in O -varying O -degrees O -, O -inhibit O -this O -histamine B-Chemical -induced O -guinea O -pig O -ileum O -contraction O -, O -desoxycholic O -acid O -being O -the O -most O -potent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tritium I-Chemical -exchange O -were O -studied O -in O -the O -range O -pH O -- O -3 O -for O -both O -the O -fully O -and O -partially O -tritiated O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -electrophilic O -reactivities O -of O -various O -safrole O -derivatives O -with O -nucleosides B-Chemical -were O -determined O -to O -be O -in O -the O -order O -of O -1 O -' O -- O -oxosafrole O -greater O -than O -1 O -' O -- O -acetoxysafrole O -greater O -than O -1 O -' O -- O -acetoxysafrole O -- O -2 O -' O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -oxide O -greater O -than O -1 O -' O -- O -hydroxysafrole O -- O -2 O -' O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -oxide O -greater O -than O -safrole O -- O -2 O -' O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -oxide O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -1 O -' O -- O -oxosafrole O -- O -2 O -' O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -oxide O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -major O -reaction O -product O -of O -1 O -' O -- O -acetoxysafrole O -and O -guanosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -yielded O -3 O -' O -- O -hydroxyisosafrole O -under O -very O -mild O -acidic O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -cultured O -mammalian O -cell O -lines O -, O -differing O -in O -intrinsic O -resistance O -to O -methotrexate B-Chemical -over O -a O -70 O -- O -fold O -range O -, O -have O -been O -compared O -with O -respect O -to O -several O -biochemical O -factors O -that O -might O -influence O -response O -to O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -the O -cell O -types O -were O -able O -to O -transport O -extracellular O -methotrexate B-Chemical -efficiently O -across O -the O -cell O -membrane O -, O -and O -at O -comparable O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -was O -made O -of O -the O -inhibition O -of O -the O -four O -dihydrofolate O -reductases O -by O -methotrexate B-Chemical -, O -and O -Ki O -values O -were O -obtained O -by O -fitting O -the O -Zone O -B O -equation O -of O -Goldstein O -( O -Goldstein O -, O -A O -. O -, O -J O -. O -Gen O -. O - -aps B-category -Aflatoxicol O -was O -apparently O -formed O -by O -a O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -soluble O -enzyme O -of O -the O -105 O -, O -000 O -x O -g O -supernatant O -from O -rainbow O -trout O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -trout O -liver O -microsomes O -, O -aflatoxicol O -reduced O -the O -viability O -of O -B O -. O -subtilis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -quantity O -of O -the O -new O -metabolites O -and O -the O -level O -of O -microbial O -lethality O -was O -reduced O -by O -addition O -of O -cytosine B-Chemical -and O -cysteine B-Chemical -to O -the O -incubation O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Many O -reagents O -, O -particularly O -heavy O -metal O -ions O -and O -phenols B-Chemical -, O -inhibit O -the O -activity O -, O -but O -the O -activity O -is O -enhanced O -by O -reducing O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -States O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Disadvantages O -of O -acid O -precipitation O -of O -proteins O -during O -the O -assay O -of O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -by O -the O -enzymatic O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -- O -peroxidase O -system O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -substances O -, O -increasing O -considerably O -with O -times O -and O -temperature O -of O -blood O -conservation O -, O -would O -be O -of O -peroxide B-Chemical -nature O -, O -and O -would O -accumulate O -in O -red O -blood O -cells O -during O -their O -exposure O -to O -air O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suppression O -was O -studied O -by O -means O -of O -selected O -autonomic O -interventions O -in O -conjunction O -with O -changes O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -balance O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholinergic O -, O -ganglionic O -, O -and O -peripheral O -sympathetic O -neuronal O -blockade O -did O -not O -prevent O -this O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -drug O -phentolamine B-Chemical -prevented O -clonidine B-Chemical -suppression O -of O -renin O -release O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -depleted I-Chemical -rats O -and O -was O -partially O -effective O -in O -normal O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Clozapine O -, O -a O -new O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agent O -with O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -activity O -, O -or O -phenoxybenzamine O -blocked O -the O -effect O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -on O -renin O -release O -in O -both O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -depleted I-Chemical -and O -normal O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -, O -combined O -with O -hemodynamic O -correlates O -, O -suggest O -that O -clonidine B-Chemical -inhibits O -renin O -release O -by O -activation O -of O -an O -intrarenal O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -coronary O -flow O -reaching O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linited I-Chemical -heart O -appears O -to O -be O -crucial O -in O -determining O -the O -myocardial O -tissue O -metabolic O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -model O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -accounts O -for O -a O -greater O -part O -of O -the O -residual O -oxidative O -metabolism O -than O -does O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -FFA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -dog O -Purkinje O -fibers O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -( O -20 O -mM O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -) O -may O -induce O -transient O -periods O -of O -arrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -CO2 O -- O -induced O -acidosis O -( O -20 O -% O -CO2 O -, O -pH O -6 O -. O -6 O -) O -may O -alter O -the O -repolarization O -phase O -of O -the O -action O -potential O -in O -dog O -Purkinje O -fibers O -, O -presumably O -because O -it O -decreases O -potassium B-Chemical -conductance O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -proposed O -that O -acidosis O -induces O -a O -decrease O -in O -potassium B-Chemical -conductance O -that O -can O -be O -responsible O -for O -ectopic O -foci O -causing O -arrhythmias O -during O -ischemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -dilator O -responses O -in O -both O -beds O -were O -abolished O -by O -intra O -- O -arterial O -administration O -of O -antihistamines O -: O -other O -dilator O -responses O -were O -abolished O -by O -intra O -- O -arterial O -injections O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Heart O -rate O -, O -arterial O -pressure O -, O -femoral O -flow O -, O -and O -femoral O -resistance O -responses O -elicited O -from O -efferent O -spinal O -pathways O -were O -significantly O -attenuated O -following O -superfusion O -of O -the O -spinal O -cord O -with O -the O -alpha O -- O -antagonists O -BE O -- O -2254 O -( O -HEAT O -) O -and O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Likewise O -, O -loading O -with O -the O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -precursor O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydroxy O -- O -L O -- O -phenylalanine O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -) O -enhanced O -vasoconstrictor O -responses O -evoked O -in O -the O -cross O -- O -perfused O -hindlimb O -of O -p O -- O -chlorophenylalanine O -- O -pretreated O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -for O -the O -increased O -depolarization O -and O -resulting O -increase O -in O -contraction O -appears O -to O -be O -a O -lower O -intracellular O -potassium B-Chemical -ion O -activity O -in O -SHR O -vascular O -muscle O -cells O -, O -which O -results O -in O -a O -lower O -contribution O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -gradient O -to O -membrane O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -HMW O -renin O -attacks O -the O -protein O -substrate O -to O -produce O -angiotensin B-Chemical -at O -about O -one O -- O -fourth O -the O -rate O -expected O -, O -based O -upon O -the O -rate O -at O -which O -it O -cleaves O -the O -tetradecapeptide O -substrate O -or O -a O -model O -nonapeptide O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -reflex O -vasodilator O -- O -induced O -cardio O -- O -acceleration O -after O -propranolol B-Chemical -adminstration O -could O -be O -the O -result O -of O -incomplete O -blockade O -of O -endogenously O -released O -neurotransmitter O -, O -inhibition O -of O -the O -parasympathetic O -nervous O -system O -, O -or O -a O -direct O -pharmacologic O -action O -of O -diazoxide O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -carried O -out O -to O -examine O -the O -effects O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -and O -" O -tar O -" O -on O -the O -extent O -of O -and O -subjective O -reactions O -to O -cigarette O -smoking B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -such O -cigarettes O -deliver O -reduced O -amounts O -of O -tar O -as O -well O -as O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -, O -an O -experiment O -to O -distinguish O -between O -the O -two O -was O -carried O -out O -with O -special O -cigarettes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -numbers O -of O -cigarettes O -smoked O -fell O -slightly O -as O -their O -estimated O -delivery O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -increased O -, O -but O -tar O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -this O -index O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -are O -interpreted O -as O -indicating O -a O -role O -for O -nicotine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -for O -tar O -, O -in O -the O -maintenance O -of O -cigarette O -smoking B-Chemical -behavior O -, O -and O -as O -support O -for O -the O -view O -that O -less O -harmful O -cigarettes O -should O -have O -a O -high O -yield O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -relative O -to O -tar O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -on O -" O -paranoiac O -" O -- O -a O -membrane O -mutant O -of O -Paramecium O -. O - -aps B-category -Pentose O -phosphate B-Chemical -pathway O -in O -the O -scyphistomae O -of O -Chrysaora O -quinquecirrha O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -the O -response O -to O -oxytocin B-Chemical -followed O -throughout O -ontogenesis O -in O -two O -anuran O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Melatonin B-Chemical -induced O -changes O -in O -gonads O -; O -pelage O -and O -thermogenic O -characters O -in O -the O -white O -- O -footed O -mouse O -, O -Peromyscus O -leucopus O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -optically O -- O -active O -metabolites O -of O -the O -organophosphorus B-Chemical -pesticide O -phorate O -by O -nematodes O -and O -microorganisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -in O -the O -management O -of O -anxiety O -associated O -with O -chronic O -gastrointestinal O -disease O -: O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -assess O -the O -effects O -of O -two O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonists O -, O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -sulfate O -and O -carbuterol O -hydrochloride O -, O -and O -aerosolized O -Freon O -propellant O -( O -a O -mixture O -of O -Freon O -II O -, O -Freon O -12 O -, O -and O -Freon O -114 O -) O -on O -tracheal O -mucous O -velocity O -and O -cardiac O -output O -in O -anesthetized O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -puff O -was O -delivered O -by O -a O -standard O -metered O -aerosol O -; O -each O -puff O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -spray O -contained O -75 O -mug O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -sulfate O -, O -and O -each O -puff O -of O -carbuterol O -spray O -contained O -100 O -mug O -of O -carbuterol O -hydrochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -duration O -of O -action O -for O -four O -and O -20 O -puffs O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -and O -for O -four O -puffs O -of O -carbuterol O -was O -two O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rats O -treated O -with O -the O -hypolipidemic O -drug O -, O -nafenopin O -( O -NP O -) O -, O -for O -2 O -days O -the O -biliary O -excretion O -of O -phenolphthalein O -glucuronide O -( O -PPG O -) O -was O -markedly O -decreased O -, O -while O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -that O -of O -chlorothiazide O -( O -CTZ O -) O -was O -enhanced O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversely O -, O -depletion O -of O -lung B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -reduced I-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -by O -means O -of O -diethyl O -maleate B-Chemical -administration O -results O -in O -elevated O -protein O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -14C O -) O -Methylphenidate B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -ritalinic O -acid O -( O -the O -major O -metabolite O -of O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -) O -, O -no O -substantial O -concentrations O -were O -found O -in O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequently O -, O -the O -oxisuran O -alcohol B-Chemical -sulfoxides O -were O -reduced O -to O -a O -sulfide O -and O -oxidized O -to O -a O -sulfone O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -glycine B-Chemical -conjugates O -were O -identified O -by O -thin O -- O -layer O -chromatography O -and O -quantitated O -by O -reverse O -isotope O -dilution O -procedures O -from O -unhydrolyzed O -rabbit O -and O -rat O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -Identification O -of O -the O -urinary O -metabolites O -of O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bumetanide I-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -and O -their O -excretion O -by O -rats O -and O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -total O -urinary O -and O -fecal O -excretion O -of O -labeled O -drug O -and O -metabolites O -after O -iv O -and O -oral O -administration O -of O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bumetanide I-Chemical -was O -estimated O -in O -dogs O -given O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -and O -in O -rats O -given O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolism O -of O -parathion O -has O -been O -examined O -by O -use O -of O -a O -reconstituted O -mixed O -- O -function O -oxidase O -enzyme O -system O -isolated O -from O -the O -livers O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pretreated I-Chemical -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -common O -intermediate O -is O -thought O -to O -be O -the O -sulfine O -derivative O -of O -parathion O -formed O -in O -the O -mixed O -- O -function O -oxidase O -- O -catalyzed O -addition O -of O -an O -oxygen B-Chemical -atom O -to O -one O -of O -the O -unshared O -electron O -pairs O -of O -the O -thiono O -- O -sulfur O -atom O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -fixed O -amounts O -of O -lipid O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -, O -the O -rate O -of O -complex O -formation O -with O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -isolated O -from O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -was O -much O -greater O -than O -that O -observed O -with O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -48 O -from O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -or O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dependency O -on O -NADPH B-Chemical -concentrations O -of O -the O -bovine O -adrenal O -cortex O -microsomal O -21 O -- O -hydroxylation O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -and O -of O -17 O -- O -hydroxyprogesterone O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimal O -NADPH B-Chemical -concentrations O -for O -these O -two O -hydroxylations O -are O -, O -in O -average O -, O -one O -order O -of O -magnitude O -apart O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutathione O -S O -- O -aryltransferase O -as O -a O -model O -for O -the O -glutathione B-Chemical -S O -- O -transferases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vitro O -effect O -of O -adrenergic O -agents O -and O -related O -compounds O -on O -triglyceride B-Chemical -levels O -of O -guinea O -- O -pig O -lymphoid O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Assimilation O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -and O -growth O -of O -biotin B-Chemical -deficient O -Aspergillus O -nidulans O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -obtained O -are O -discussed O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -growth O -of O -Aspergillus O -nidulans O -during O -biotin B-Chemical -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -NADP O -- O -linked O -malic O -enzyme O -from O -Halobacterium O -cutirubrum O -is O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -and O -NADH O -, O -and O -rather O -weakly O -inhibited O -by O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -and O -glyoxylate O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -very O -high O -KCl O -concentrations O -( O -3 O -M O -) O -, O -considered O -physiological O -for O -the O -extremely O -halophilic O -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Iodometric O -methods O -for O -the O -quantitative O -determination O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Non O -- O -enzymatic O -methylation O -of O -proteins O -with O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Chloroquine B-Chemical -accumulation O -in O -isolated O -rat O -liver O -lysosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Certain O -chemical O -properties O -, O -which O -may O -determine O -the O -biological O -actions O -of O -the O -recently O -discovered O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -burimamide O -and O -metiamide O -, O -are O -identified O -, O -partly O -by O -considering O -the O -derivation O -of O -these O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -partial O -agonist O -was O -eventually O -obtained O -through O -modifying O -the O -side O -chain O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -but O -retaining O -the O -imidazole O -ring O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -H1 O -- O -receptor O -antihistaminic O -drugs O -are O -lipophilic O -molecules O -; O -their O -resemblance O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -is O -in O -having O -a O -positively O -charged O -ammonium B-Chemical -side O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacology O -of O -burimamide O -and O -metiamide O -, O -two O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Burimamide O -, O -unlike O -metiamide O -, O -causes O -release O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -even O -at O -dose O -levels O -that O -are O -just O -sufficient O -to O -produce O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonism O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -were O -conducted O -in O -anesthetized O -dogs O -to O -determine O -the O -nature O -of O -receptors O -mediating O -vascular O -actions O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -caused O -constriction O -of O -the O -perfused O -saphenous O -vein O -that O -was O -totally O -blocked O -by O -mepyramine O -suggesting O -that O -venoconstriction O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -involves O -only O -H1 O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Combined O -H1 O -- O -and O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -blockade O -largely O -eliminated O -the O -effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -infusion O -further O -documenting O -the O -existence O -of O -H1 O -and O -H2 O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -evidence O -for O -the O -participation O -of O -either O -H1 O -- O -or O -H2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -histamine I-Chemical -receptors O -in O -reactive O -hyperemia O -or O -the O -dilatation O -accompanying O -exercise O -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -characterization O -has O -been O -aided O -by O -the O -use O -of O -selective O -agonists O -and O -antagonists O -for O -both O -types O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -receptors O -mediate O -the O -positive O -chronotropic O -and O -ventricular O -inotropic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -arrhythmias O -involve O -H1 O -receptors O -( O -arrhythmias O -of O -conduction O -) O -or O -H2 O -receptors O -( O -arrhythmias O -of O -automaticity O -) O -, O -or O -both O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -electrolytes O -on O -the O -extraction O -of O -coniine B-Chemical -, O -phenatin O -, O -cyclodol O -and O -tropacine O -by O -organic O -solvents O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cyclic O -AMP O -) O -levels O -were O -determined O -in O -103 O -samples O -of O -human O -semen O -and O -grouped O -according O -to O -the O -number O -of O -spermatozoa O -in O -the O -ejaculate O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -levels O -in O -human O -semen O -appear O -to O -be O -derived O -from O -sources O -other O -than O -spermatozoal O -adenylyl O -or O -guanylyl O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucagon O -, O -insulin O -, O -and O -gastrin O -levels O -were O -suppressed O -by O -somatostatin O -while O -calcium B-Chemical -infusion O -caused O -a O -paradoxical O -increase O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -examines O -the O -effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -on O -mucosal O -permeability O -to O -acid O -by O -isolated O -stomach O -of O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -also O -increased O -antral O -electrical O -resistance O -and O -decreased O -the O -unidirectional O -luminal B-Chemical -to O -serosal O -flux O -( O -Jls O -) O -of O -( O -14 O -) O -c O -- O -erythritol O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -after O -removal O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -, O -these O -agents O -stimulated O -acid O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Burimamide O -( O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -) O -inhibited O -the O -permeability O -effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -on O -antrum O -and O -fundus O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Description O -of O -new O -mutant O -forms O -of O -erythrocyte O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -man O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -food O -- O -stimulated O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -by O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subjects O -were O -studied O -twice O -, O -no O -more O -than O -48 O -h O -apart O -, O -receiving O -either O -cimetidine B-Chemical -200 O -mg O -or O -placebo O -in O -random O -order O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -cimetidine B-Chemical -concentration O -correlated O -significantly O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -- O -01 O -) O -with O -percentage O -inhibition O -of O -acid O -output O -and O -the O -calculated O -concentration O -resulting O -in O -50 O -% O -inhibition O -of O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -( O -IC50 O -) O -was O -1 O -- O -6 O -mumol O -/ O -l O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -200 O -mg O -cimetidine B-Chemical -effectively O -inhibits O -food O -- O -stimulated O -acid O -secretion O -and O -that O -the O -bioavailability O -of O -the O -drug O -may O -be O -affected O -by O -the O -timing O -of O -dosage O -in O -relation O -to O -meals O -. O - -aps B-category -Recognition O -of O -lesions O -due O -to O -habits O -such O -as O -betel O -chewing O -, O -snuff O -dipping O -, O -pipe O -smoking B-Chemical -and O -certain O -sexual O -practices O -may O -help O -towards O -establishing O -the O -sex O -, O -the O -ethnic O -grouping O -or O -even O -the O -place O -of O -origin O -of O -a O -person O -or O -their O -remains O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -immunosuppression O -, O -immunostimulation O -is O -still O -at O -an O -early O -stage O -of O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -Nonspecific O -bactericidal O -activity O -of O -the O -lactoperoxidases B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thiocyanate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydrogen I-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -system O -of O -milk O -against O -Escherichia O -coli O -and O -some O -gram O -- O -negative O -pathogens O -. O - -aps B-category -H2O2 B-Chemical -was O -supplied O -exogenously O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -produced O -at O -a O -level O -which O -was O -itself O -noninhibitory O -. O - -aps B-category -Blastospores O -of O -Candida O -albicans O -germinated O -in O -proline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -biotin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -buffer I-Chemical -medium O -incubated O -at O -37 O -C O -. O -Certain O -other O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -glatamate O -, O -asparate O -, O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -families O -also O -fostered O -germinaton O -but O -generally O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -than O -did O -proline O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -isolates O -and O -stock O -cultures O -varied O -in O -their O -response O -to O -the O -germ O -tube O -- O -inducing O -activity O -of O -proline O -or O -other O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Passage O -of O -the O -active O -acetone O -- O -precipitated O -UF O -fractions O -through O -a O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -25 O -column O -yielded O -eluate O -pools O -with O -enhanced O -toxigenic O -activity O -in O -, O -or O -adjacent O -to O -, O -the O -void O -volume O -, O -but O -maximum O -activity O -of O -the O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -- O -precipitated O -UM O -- O -05 O -retentate O -eluated O -at O -a O -Kav O -of O -0 O -. O -38 O -to O -0 O -. O -52 O -. O - -aps B-category -Diethylaminoethyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dextran I-Chemical -did O -not O -enhance O -the O -plaque O -- O -forming O -ability O -of O -the O -mutant O -viruses O -at O -38 O -. O -5C O -. O - -aps B-category -NaOH B-Chemical -or O -1 O -M O -acetate O -buffer O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -sharpened O -e O -. O -p O -. O -r O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -physiochemical O -properties O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -and O -profile O -of O -the O -the O -tryptic O -peptides O -for O -an O -alkaline O -subtilopeptidase O -type O -Pfizer O -have O -been O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -does O -not O -contain O -either O -disulfide O -bonds O -or O -cysteine B-Chemical -, O -and O -lacks O -tryptophan B-Chemical -as O -well O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -each O -appropriately O -purified O -tryptic O -peptide O -was O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneous O -pH O -and O -fluoride B-Chemical -telemetry O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dissolving O -of O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -fluoride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -42 I-Chemical -mg O -sucrose B-Chemical -tablets O -caused O -only O -slight O -pH O -depressions O -ranging O -between O -6 O -. O -7 O -and O -6 O -. O -0 O -with O -concurrent O -increases O -in O -salivary O -F O -to O -as O -high O -as O -190 O -ppm O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -pH O -of O -an O -in O -vitro O -1 O -% O -- O -sorbose O -/ O -saliva O -mixture O -increased O -with O -time O -when O -compared O -with O -a O -highly O -significant O -pH O -- O -decrease O -of O -a O -sucrose B-Chemical -/ O -saliva O -mixture O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitrogen O -metabolism O -and O -wethers O -as O -affected O -by O -dietary O -protein O -solubility O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -profile O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -toxicity O -of O -sulphur O -dioxide O -towards O -certain O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -bacteria O -from O -fermented O -apple O -juice O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifteen O -fungal O -species O -, O -all O -isolated O -from O -food O -, O -were O -compared O -for O -their O -growth O -abilities O -on O -potato O -dextrose B-Chemical -agar O -acidified O -to O -pH O -3 O -. O -5 O -, O -and O -on O -nonacidified O -potato O -dextrose B-Chemical -agar O -amended O -with O -40 O -ppm O -chlortetracycline O -hydrochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1 O -) O -Compared O -with O -control O -rats O -fed O -on O -the O -basal O -diet O -, O -the O -catalase O -[ O -EC O -1 O -. O -11 O -. O -1 O -. O -6 O -] O -activity O -of O -rat O -livers O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -CPIB O -increased O -about O -2 O -. O -5 O -- O -fold O -, O -while O -urate B-Chemical -oxidase O -[ O -EC O -1 O -. O -7 O -. O -3 O -. O -3 O -] O -activity O -did O -not O -change O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -decrease O -in O -the O -hepatic O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -activity O -of O -CPIB O -- O -treated O -rats O -was O -observed O -in O -all O -the O -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -3 O -) O -Sedimentation O -patterns O -in O -a O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -did O -not O -show O -any O -difference O -between O -normal O -peroxisomers O -, O -and O -CPIB O -- O -treated O -ones O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -characterization O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -from O -sweet O -potato O -roots O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Lineweaver O -- O -Burk O -double O -reciprocal O -plot O -curved O -upward O -, O -and O -the O -Hill O -coefficient O -was O -more O -than O -1 O -, O -with O -low O -concentrations O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -are O -in O -remarkable O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -previous O -finding O -that O -alpha O -- O -maltose O -is O -exclusively O -produced O -from O -unsubstituted O -phenyl O -alpha O -- O -maltoside O -by O -this O -enzyme O -( O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -was O -also O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Peptides O -containing O -hydrophobic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -hydrolyzed O -rapidly O -. O - -aps B-category -Diisopropyl O -fluorophosphate O -( O -DFP O -) O -and O -phenylmethanesulfonyl O -fluoride B-Chemical -( O -PMSF O -) O -stoichiometrically O -and O -irreversively O -inhibited O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -temperature O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -anions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -pHi O -of O -ACD O -blood O -was O -a O -results O -of O -the O -temperature O -at O -which O -the O -pHe O -and O -the O -pHi O -were O -measured O -( O -4degrees O -) O -and O -the O -presence O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -anions O -in O -the O -medium O -, O -and O -could O -be O -explained O -by O -application O -of O -the O -Donnan O -- O -Gibbs O -equilibrium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -RNASES O -were O -not O -different O -from O -the O -bound O -enzymes O -as O -regards O -activation O -by O -inorganic O -ions O -and O -urea B-Chemical -and O -the O -dependence O -of O -the O -activity O -upon O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -protein O -contains O -851 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -per O -mole O -of O -the O -enzyme O -: O -Lys28 O -, O -His11 O -, O -Arg52 O -, O -Asp79 O -, O -Thr58 O -, O -Ser56 O -, O -Glu68 O -, O -Pro20 O -, O -Gly80 O -, O -Ala107 O -, O -Val112 O -, O -Met24 O -, O -Ile31 O -, O -Leu88 O -, O -Tyr7 O -, O -Phe22 O -, O -Trp4 O -, O -and O -Cys4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -phospholipase O -C O -- O -I O -was O -inhibited O -by O -high O -concentrations O -of O -various O -detergents O -such O -as O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -cholate B-Chemical -, O -SDS O -and O -was O -also O -inhibited O -by O -Ca2 O -+ O -, O -Ba2 O -+ O -, O -Al3 O -+ O -, O -and O -EDTA O -, O -but O -was O -stimulated O -by O -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -and O -ethyl O -ether B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Chemical O -modification O -of O -stem O -bromelain O -I O -- O -1 O -and O -fruit O -bromelain O -A O -with O -2 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -5 O -- O -nitrobenzyl O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -tetranitromethane O -, O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -of O -rabbit O -liver O -fructose O -- O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphatase O -activity O -by O -magnesium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -forms O -( O -Peak O -A O -and O -Peak O -B O -) O -of O -thymidine B-Chemical -kinase O -[ O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -1 O -. O -75 O -] O -from O -regenerating O -rat O -liver O -cytosol O -were O -resolved O -and O -partially O -purified O -by O -Deae O -- O -cellulose O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Peak O -B O -differed O -from O -Peak O -A O -in O -heat O -sensitivity O -, O -inhibition O -by O -dCTP O -and O -Km O -for O -thymidine B-Chemical -and O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -SH O -groups O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -[ O -EC O -6 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -] O -from O -Bacillus O -stearothermophilus O -were O -modified O -with O -5 O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -dithiobis O -( O -2 O -- O -nitrobenzoic O -acid O -) O -in O -order O -to O -determine O -the O -number O -of O -SH O -groups O -in O -the O -molecule O -as O -well O -as O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -modification O -on O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -CD O -spectra O -of O -the O -modified O -enzyme O -in O -the O -near O -ultraviolet O -region O -changed O -from O -that O -of O -the O -native O -enzyme O -, O -indicating O -that O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -were O -affected O -by O -modification O -of O -the O -SH O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acetylation O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -molecular O -shape O -of O -the O -enzyme O -, O -but O -changed O -six O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -to O -a O -non O -- O -ionizable O -form O -, O -leaving O -one O -amino B-Chemical -group O -free O -; O -this O -was O -determined O -to O -be O -Lys O -33 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -active O -fragment O -consisted O -of O -a O -single O -peptide O -chain O -with O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -4 O -, O -300 O -, O -comprising O -39 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -diisopropyl O -fluorophosphate O -, O -partly O -inhibited O -by O -HgCl2 O -and O -not O -inhibited O -by O -EDTA O -, O -p O -- O -chloromercuribenzoic O -acid O -, O -N O -- O -tosyl O -- O -L O -- O -lysine O -chloromethyl O -ketone B-Chemical -, O -N O -- O -tosyl O -- O -L O -- O -phenylalanine O -chloromethyl O -ketone B-Chemical -, O -and O -soybean O -trypsin O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -isomers O -of O -malate B-Chemical -and O -oxalate O -, O -which O -are O -presumably O -substrate O -analogues O -, O -inhibit O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -has O -been O -devised O -for O -the O -quantitative O -separation O -of O -trace O -amounts O -of O -alditols O -from O -mixtures O -with O -large O -amounts O -of O -monosaccharides B-Chemical -, O -using O -a O -strongly O -basic O -ion O -- O -exchange O -resin O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -change O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -a O -trypsin O -inhibitor O -from O -barley O -was O -observed O -on O -treatment O -with O -heat O -and O -denaturants O -such O -as O -urea B-Chemical -and O -guanidine O -hydrochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluorine O -- O -19 O -as O -a O -covalent O -active O -site O -- O -directed O -magnetic O -resonance O -probe O -in O -aspartate B-Chemical -transaminase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -compound O -behaves O -as O -a O -pyridoxamine O -phosphate B-Chemical -derivative O -and O -not O -as O -a O -coenzyme O -- O -substrate O -complex O -, O -since O -both O -competing O -anions O -and O -dicarboxylic O -acid O -inhibitors O -still O -bind O -to O -the O -phosphopyridoxyl O -trifluoroethylamine O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -evidence O -suggests O -a O -possible O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -, O -electrostatically O -affected O -by O -positive O -charges O -, O -being O -responsible O -for O -the O -titration O -effect O -of O -the O -active O -site O -- O -bound O -fluorine O -derivative O -of O -pyridoxamine O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -several O -inhibitors O -( O -ATP O -, O -ADP O -, O -AMP O -, O -UDP O -, O -and O -P1 O -) O -and O -activators O -( O -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -) O -of O -rabbit O -muscle O -glycogen O -synthase O -( O -UDP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -: O -glycogen O -4 O -- O -alpha O -- O -glucosyltransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -11 O -) O -were O -studied O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -phosphorylation O -state O -of O -the O -purified O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Lysophospholipids O -and O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -the O -products O -of O -hydrolysis O -, O -remained O -in O -the O -lipoprotein O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -pH O -range O -of O -6 O -. O -0 O -to O -7 O -. O -0 O -, O -this O -concentration O -of O -Pi O -was O -4 O -- O -to O -10 O -- O -fold O -higher O -in O -empty O -vesicles O -than O -in O -vesicles O -loaded O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -Circular O -dichroism O -studies O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -biotin B-Chemical -carboxyl O -carrier O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -biotin I-Chemical -exhibits O -a O -positive O -CD O -band O -at O -233 O -nm O -, O -it O -was O -suspected O -that O -the O -biotin B-Chemical -prosthetic O -group O -might O -be O -the O -chromophore O -responsible O -for O -the O -237 O -nm O -CD O -band O -seen O -in O -BCCP O -( O -SC O -) O -and O -BCCP O -( O -9 O -, O -100 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -date O -suggest O -that O -the O -237 O -nm O -signal O -may O -be O -due O -either O -to O -the O -biotin B-Chemical -which O -acts O -as O -a O -chromophore O -directly O -or O -to O -a O -chromophore O -that O -is O -perturbed O -by O -the O -carboxylation O -of O -biotin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -values O -over O -9 O -the O -CD O -spetrum O -changed O -with O -the O -disappearance O -of O -the O -237 O -nm O -band O -, O -suggesting O -that O -tyrosine B-Chemical -might O -contribute O -to O -this O -CD O -band O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -CD O -band O -at O -237 O -nm O -in O -BCCP O -( O -SC O -) O -and O -BCCP O -( O -9 O -, O -100 O -) O -is O -prabably O -due O -to O -a O -noncovalent O -interaction O -of O -biotin B-Chemical -with O -an O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residue O -( O -s O -) O -of O -the O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -separate O -reactions O -of O -the O -hydroxy O -yl O -radical O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -atom O -, O -as O -well O -as O -of O -e O -- O -a O -- O -q O -, O -were O -studied O -by O -observing O -absorbance O -changes O -in O -the O -protein O -spectrum O -over O -the O -wavelength O -range O -290 O -to O -600nm O -, O -with O -appropriate O -scavengers O -in O -solution O -. O -. O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -growth O -medium O -is O -essential O -for O -optimal O -enzyme O -production O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -inhibits O -the O -production O -of O -glutaminase O -- O -asparaginase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -values O -for O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -and O -L O -- O -asparagine O -are O -4 O -. O -6 O -and O -4 O -. O -4 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -L O -- O -Glutamic O -acid O -gamma O -- O -monohydroxamate O -is O -hydrolyzed O -at O -approximately O -the O -same O -rate O -as O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -plasma O -half O -- O -life O -of O -Pseudomonas O -7A O -glutaminase O -- O -asparaginase O -if O -13 O -hours O -in O -normal O -mice O -and O -43 O -hours O -in O -mice O -infected O -with O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -- O -elevating O -virus O -. O - -aps B-category -Activity O -was O -highest O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -to O -8 O -. O -5 O -, O -and O -was O -stimulated O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -and O -GppNHp O -, O -a O -GTP O -analogue O -known O -to O -stimulate O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -in O -plasma O -membrane O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -Superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -was O -assayed O -by O -a O -method O -which O -takes O -advantage O -of O -the O -inhibitory O -action O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -( O -or O -tissues O -which O -contain O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -) O -on O -the O -rate O -of O -autooxidation O -of O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -was O -not O -reversed O -by O -dialysis O -, O -but O -after O -dialysis O -, O -enzymatic O -activity O -was O -restored O -with O -CuSO4 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -g O -of O -diethyldithiocarbamate O -/ O -kg O -lowered O -the O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -activity O -by O -42 O -% O -in O -liver O -at O -3 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -was O -confirmed O -with O -other O -assay O -systems O -based O -on O -the O -autooxidation O -of O -pyrogallol O -or O -epinephrine B-Chemical -or O -on O -reduction O -of O -cytochrome O -c O -or O -intro O -blue O -tetrazolium O -. O - -aps B-category -Potentiometric O -measurements O -of O -K O -+ O -and O -H O -+ O -fluxes O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -selected O -ionophores O -and O -uncouplers O -indicated O -that O -the O -membrane O -is O -highly O -impermeable O -to O -both O -protons O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Triglyceride O -, O -diglyceride O -, O -monoglyceride O -, O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -ester O -hydrolases O -in O -chicken O -adipose O -tissue O -activated O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -Monophosphate O -- O -dependent O -protein O -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -activation O -by O -cAMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -protein O -kinase O -, O -all O -four O -hydrolases O -were O -deactivated O -in O -a O -Mg2 O -+ O -- O -dependent O -reaction O -and O -then O -reactivated O -to O -or O -near O -initial O -levels O -on O -incubation O -with O -cAMP B-Chemical -and O -Mg2 O -+ O -- O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -Lipoprotein O -lipase O -was O -active O -against O -triolein O -, O -diolein O -, O -and O -monoolein O -, O -but O -not O -cholesterol B-Chemical -oleate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -immunoglobin O -G O -fraction O -from O -these O -antisera O -completely O -inhibited O -lipoprotein O -lipase O -eluted O -from O -heparin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Sepharose I-Chemical -columns O -. O - -aps B-category -Apparently O -lipoprotein O -lipase O -activity O -is O -not O -regulated O -, O -at O -least O -directly O -, O -by O -cAMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -protein O -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -purposes O -of O -comparison O -, O -binding O -isotherms O -for O -[ O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( O -14 O -) O -C O -] O -oxytocin B-Chemical -to O -neurophysin O -II O -and O -I O -in O -aqueous O -buffer O -, O -and O -[ O -9 O -- O -glycinamide O -- O -1 O -- O -( O -14 O -) O -C O -] O -oxytocin B-Chemical -to O -neurophysin O -II O -in O -dimethylsulfoxide O -under O -selected O -conditions O -are O -also O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -include O -glucose B-Chemical -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphate O -( O -Ki O -= O -9 O -. O -4 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -hexitol O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphate O -( O -Ki O -= O -2 O -. O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -and O -2 O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anhydro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mannitol I-Chemical -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphate O -( O -Ki O -= O -3 O -. O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -and O -2 O -, O -5 O -- O -anhydro O -- O -D O -- O -glucitol O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphate O -( O -Ki O -= O -5 O -. O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -2 O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anhydro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mannitol I-Chemical -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphate O -is O -an O -analog O -of O -the O -beta O -anomer O -of O -fructose O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphate O -and O -2 O -, O -5 O -- O -anhydro O -- O -D O -- O -glucitol O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphate O -is O -an O -analog O -of O -the O -alpha O -anomer O -, O -the O -lower O -Ki O -for O -the O -mannitol B-Chemical -analog O -may O -indicate O -that O -the O -beta O -anomer O -of O -fructose O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphate O -, O -which O -predominates O -in O -solution O -, O -is O -the O -true O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Genetic O -variants O -of O -human O -erythrocyte O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -pH O -values O -correspond O -closely O -, O -for O -all O -three O -variants O -, O -to O -the O -sharp O -extrema O -in O -the O -pH O -dependence O -of O -their O -Km O -values O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -in O -porcine O -muscle O -adenylate O -kinase O -, O -the O -spectral O -change O -may O -be O -assigned O -to O -a O -perturbation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -chromophore O -( O -s O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -yellow O -- O -colored O -product O -, O -separated O -from O -unmodified O -enzyme O -by O -substrate O -gradient O -elution O -on O -a O -phosphocellulose O -column O -, O -had O -about O -1 O -mol O -of O -nitrotyrosine B-Chemical -per O -mol O -of O -the O -enzyme O -by O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -and O -showed O -a O -slightly O -higher O -Km O -value O -than O -native O -enzyme O -for O -ADP O -( O -Km O -= O -0 O -. O -50 O -mM O -compared O -with O -0 O -. O -25 O -mM O -for O -native O -adenylate O -kinase O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Antifreeze O -glycoprotein O -, O -which O -has O -previously O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -inactive O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -borate O -, O -migrates O -electrophoretically O -as O -the O -borate O -complex O -, O -presumably O -through O -formation O -of O -borate O -complexes O -with O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -groups O -on O -the O -sugar O -side O -chains O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -for O -assessing O -the O -binding O -of O -3H O -- O -labeled O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -( O -[ O -3H O -] O -PGE1 B-Chemical -) O -to O -cell O -membranes O -has O -been O -developed O -and O -used O -to O -study O -the O -interaction O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -PGE1 B-Chemical -with O -membranes O -from O -cultured O -mammalian O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -clone O -B82 O -, O -a O -murine O -L O -- O -cell O -, O -[ O -3H O -] O -PGE1 B-Chemical -binds O -with O -an O -activation O -energy O -of O -14 O -kcal O -/ O -mol O -to O -a O -class O -of O -sites O -with O -an O -affinity O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -8 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -and O -a O -capacity O -of O -150 O -fmol O -/ O -mg O -of O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -several O -clones O -that O -lack O -PGE1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -responsive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -, O -no O -specific O -[ O -3H O -] O -PGE1 B-Chemical -binding O -is O -detectable O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -by O -which O -superoxide B-Chemical -anion O -is O -generated O -by O -the O -interaction O -of O -phenylhydrazine B-Chemical -with O -either O -oxy O -- O -or O -methemoglobin O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Generation O -of O -phenyldiazine O -from O -the O -oxidation O -of O -phenylhydrazine B-Chemical -by O -hemoglobin O -or O -by O -the O -hydrolysis O -and O -subsequent O -decarboxylation O -of O -methyl O -phenylazoformate O -( O -C6H5N O -= O -NCOOCH3 O -) O -resulted O -in O -the O -production O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -anion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stoichiometry O -of O -incorporation O -, O -the O -kinetics O -of O -inactivation O -, O -and O -the O -protection O -against O -inactivation O -afforded O -by O -a O -competitive O -inhibitor O -or O -dihydroxyacetone O -phosphate B-Chemical -are O -consistent O -with O -the O -involvement O -of O -an O -active O -site O -residue O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -its O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -and O -the O -known O -sequence O -of O -aldolase O -, O -Lys O -- O -146 O -is O -the O -residue O -preferentially O -alkylated O -by O -the O -reagent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -can O -be O -derepressed O -more O -than O -1 O -, O -000 O -- O -fold O -by O -starving O -the O -cells O -for O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -By O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -centrifugation O -it O -was O -established O -that O -the O -enzyme O -has O -an O -approximate O -molecular O -weight O -of O -143 O -, O -000 O -and O -consists O -of O -three O -subunits O -, O -each O -with O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -51 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -fragments O -isolated O -from O -dog O -cardiac O -muscle O -possess O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -accumulating I-Chemical -system O -associated O -with O -a O -series O -of O -enzymes O -linked O -to O -glycogenolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -accumulating I-Chemical -and O -glycogenolytic O -enzymes O -sediment O -in O -a O -single O -peak O -at O -33 O -% O -sucrose B-Chemical -on O -a O -linear O -continous O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -, O -and O -the O -complex O -remains O -intact O -throughout O -repeated O -washing O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -protein O -appeared O -as O -a O -single O -polypeptide O -of O -molecular O -weight O -50 O -, O -000 O -to O -55 O -, O -000 O -as O -determined O -by O -gel O -filtration O -, O -glycerol O -gradient O -sedimentation O -, O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -and O -comprised O -approximately O -0 O -. O -4 O -% O -of O -the O -total O -virion O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Gas O -- O -liquid O -chromotographic O -determination O -of O -perazine O -, O -thioridazine B-Chemical -and O -thioridazine B-Chemical -metabolites O -in O -human O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -activity O -in O -chick O -fibroblasts O -by O -non O -- O -suppressible O -insulin O -- O -like O -activity O -( O -NSILA O -) O -, O -insulin O -and O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -obtained O -using O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -suggest O -that O -ODC O -is O -translated O -only O -in O -the O -second O -half O -of O -the O -" O -activation O -period O -. O -" O - -aps B-category -A O -2 O -- O -ml O -volume O -of O -serum O -with O -350 O -ng O -of O -quinidine B-Chemical -as O -internal O -standard O -was O -extracted O -at O -pH O -10 O -, O -the O -solvent O -was O -evaporated O -off O -and O -the O -residue O -was O -dissolved O -in O -50 O -mul O -of O -methanol O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -prolyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -amide O -on O -growth O -hormone O -secretion O -in O -normal O -and O -acromegalic O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -can O -be O -spec O -- O -lated O -that O -since O -labelled O -MRIP O -- O -I O -accumualtes O -in O -the O -pineal O -and O -melatonin B-Chemical -blunts O -GH O -response O -to O -hypoglycemia O -, O -the O -pineal O -gland O -might O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -MRIP O -- O -I O -- O -induced O -suppression O -of O -GH O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -azide O -, O -a O -highly O -nucleophilic O -agent O -and O -a O -potent O -metabolic O -inhibitor O -, O -markedly O -increased O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -from O -supernatant O -fractions O -of O -rat O -liver O -homogenates O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -azide O -could O -be O -restored O -by O -the O -readdition O -of O -a O -fraction O -isolated O -from O -rat O -liver O -homogenates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -several O -glucocorticosteroids O -on O -cyclic O -GMP O -accumulation O -, O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -influx O -, O -lysosomal O -enzyme O -secretion O -, O -and O -phagocytosis O -were O -studied O -in O -human O -neutrophils O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -of O -these O -neutrophil O -functions O -was O -markedly O -inhibited O -by O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -succinate O -, O -triamcinolone B-Chemical -acetonide O -hemisuccinate O -and O -paramethasone B-Chemical -acetate O -but O -was O -unaffected O -by O -two O -mineralo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -corticosteroids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -involves O -incubation O -of O -5 O -- O -100 O -mug O -of O -enzyme O -protein O -with O -1 O -mM O -[ O -alpha O -- O -32P O -] O -- O -GTP O -in O -40 O -mM O -Tris O -HC1 O -buffer O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -) O -containing O -3 O -- O -3 O -mM O -MnSO2 O -, O -10 O -mM O -theophylline B-Chemical -and O -1 O -mM O -cyclic O -GMP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -unilateral O -transection O -of O -nigro O -striatal O -dopaminergic O -axons O -produced O -a O -short O -lasting O -( O -15 O -- O -30 O -min O -) O -increase O -in O -the O -affinity O -of O -striatal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -3 O -- O -mono O -- O -oxygenase O -( O -TH O -) O -, O -for O -a O -synthetic O -pteridine O -cofactor O -( O -DMPH4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Apomorphine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -and O -reserpine B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -If O -the O -hemisection O -of O -nigrostriatal O -pathway O -was O -performed O -after O -haloperidol B-Chemical -or O -reserpine B-Chemical -injection O -the O -activation O -of O -TH O -produced O -by O -these O -two O -drugs O -was O -reversed O -rapidly O -( O -about O -30 O -minutes O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -injected O -30 O -min O -after O -cerebral O -hemisection O -failed O -to O -change O -the O -TH O -kinetic O -properties O -in O -the O -striatum O -ipsilateral O -to O -the O -lesion O -but O -it O -changed O -striatal O -TH O -in O -the O -side O -contralateral O -to O -the O -lesion O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -enamel O -solubility O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -monophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -effects O -are O -obtained O -with O -a O -concentration O -of O -4 O -X O -10 O -( O -3 O -) O -ppm O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -by O -a O -four O -- O -minute O -application O -and O -by O -adjusting O -the O -pH O -to O -4 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -monofluorophosphate O -is O -significantly O -more O -protective O -than O -sodium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -in O -aqueous O -solutions O -at O -all O -equivalent O -fluoride B-Chemical -concentrations O -and O -in O -pastes O -at O -concentrations O -exceeding O -8 O -X O -10 O -( O -3 O -) O -ppm O -fluoride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -are O -the O -principal O -agents O -in O -treatment O -, O -but O -their O -side O -effects O -tend O -to O -be O -magnified O -in O -the O -elderly O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -- O -drug O -interactions O -involving O -antidepressant B-Chemical -medication O -present O -a O -variety O -of O -therapeutic O -problems O -and O -can O -threaten O -life O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -F1 O -cell O -sensitive O -to O -recruitment O -was O -resistant O -to O -anti O -- O -Thy O -1 O -. O -2 O -treatment O -, O -was O -not O -removed O -by O -carbonyl O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -magnet I-Chemical -separation O -; O -and O -was O -not O -present O -in O -thymus O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -clinical O -counterparts O -are O -acute O -metabolic O -acidosis O -and O -alkalosis O -( O -prior O -to O -change O -in O -red O -cell O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -) O -, O -where O -the O -Bohr O -effect O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -- O -independent O -effects O -of O -pH O -alterations O -on O -sickling O -would O -be O -additive O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -and O -sickling O -properties O -of O -SA O -cells O -whose O -MCHC O -was O -raised O -to O -40 O -per O -cent O -resembled O -those O -of O -unaltered O -SS O -cells O -, O -supporting O -a O -relationship O -between O -molecular O -aggregation O -of O -Hb O -and O -low O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -both O -strains O -had O -identical O -morphology O -on O -conventional O -media O -they O -could O -be O -differentiated O -using O -genetically O -stable O -markers O -for O -streptomycin B-Chemical -resistance O -and O -arabinose O -utilization O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -an O -attempt O -to O -examine O -the O -effects O -of O -mild O -and O -severe O -chronic O -metabolic O -acidosis O -on O -proximal O -tubule O -sodium B-Chemical -reabsorption O -, O -6 O -dogs O -were O -given O -10 O -mEq O -. O - -aps B-category -per O -liter O -compared O -to O -a O -pH O -of O -7 O -. O -33 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -02 O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -of O -13 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -in O -mild O -acidosis O -( O -pH O -decrease O -is O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -mild O -acidosis O -, O -steady O -- O -state O -fractional O -urine O -flow O -and O -the O -increase O -in O -fractional O -sodium B-Chemical -clearance O -following O -EA O -were O -not O -significantly O -different O -than O -normal O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -uridine B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -galactose B-Chemical -: O -GM2 O -galactosyltransferase O -in O -golgi O -apparatus O -from O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -numerous O -detergents O -tested O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -taurocholate O -and O -Triton O -CF O -- O -54 O -were O -most O -effective O -in O -stimulating O -the O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -could O -not O -be O -dissociated O -from O -Golgi O -apparatus O -fractions O -by O -treatment O -with O -ultrasound O -, O -indicating O -that O -it O -is O -tightly O -associated O -with O -the O -membrane O -and O -not O -part O -of O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -contents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -was O -also O -inhibited O -by O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -and O -atropine B-Chemical -which O -indicated O -that O -it O -was O -acting O -through O -a O -cholinergic O -interneurone O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -it O -appears O -that O -both O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -and O -melatonin B-Chemical -play O -a O -role O -in O -the O -control O -of O -CRH O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -gamma O -- O -Aminobutyric O -acid O -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -also O -inhibited O -the O -release O -of O -CRH O -and O -may O -also O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -CRH O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -first O -group O -acid O -was O -introduced O -into O -the O -bloodstream O -and O -in O -the O -second O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -ambient O -water O -was O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Trout O -subjected O -to O -high O -ambient O -CO2 O -( O -about O -10 O -mmHg O -) O -showed O -a O -decrease O -in O -blood O -pH O -while O -PCO2 O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -the O -whole O -body O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -, O -which O -adapts O -readily O -to O -environmental O -oxygen B-Chemical -tensions O -, O -haemoglobins O -, O -prepared O -from O -normoxic O -- O -and O -hypoxic O -- O -accimated O -eels O -( O -Anguilla O -anguilla O -) O -show O -no O -adaptive O -changes O -in O -oxygenation O -properties O -or O -in O -multiplicity O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -correlation O -between O -the O -bilirubin B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -the O -detection O -of O -LP O -- O -X O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -effect O -upon O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -formation O -or O -on O -tryptophan B-Chemical -or O -tyrosine B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Substance B-Chemical -P I-Chemical -appears O -to O -stimulate O -monoaminergic O -neurons O -in O -the O -brain O -and O -to O -serve O -as O -an O -excitatory O -transmitter O -in O -nerve O -terminals O -impinging O -upon O -dopaminergic O -cell O -bodies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -hyperthermia O -upon O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -and O -upon O -organic O -phosphates O -, O -glycolytic O -metabolites O -, O -citric O -and O -cycle O -intermediates O -and O -associated O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -rat O -cerebral O -cortes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -crude O -inhibitor O -, O -obtained O -by O -heat O -treatment O -and O -salting O -- O -out O -from O -the O -acetate O -buffer O -extract O -, O -contained O -4 O -. O -5 O -% O -nitrogen B-Chemical -and O -22 O -. O -6 O -% O -hexose O -. O - -aps B-category -Does O -intrauterine O -acidosis O -induce O -increased O -steroid B-Chemical -secretion O -? O - -aps B-category -During O -incrased O -intrauterine O -stress O -steroid B-Chemical -secretion O -is O -increased O -as O -shown O -here O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -fetal O -adrenal O -gland O -reacts O -to O -acidosis O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -intrauterine O -stress O -, O -with O -increased O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -all O -conditions O -examined O -, O -erythromycin B-Chemical -was O -readily O -dissolved O -from O -the O -stearate O -as O -hydrochloride O -, O -and O -rapidly O -lost O -its O -biological O -activity O -in O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -conformations O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -were O -determined O -for O -the O -XCH2CH2N O -systems O -of O -some O -antihistamines O -( O -H1 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -) O -and O -some O -adrenergic O -neuron O -blocking O -agents O -, O -including O -the O -antihypertensive O -drugs O -guanethidine B-Chemical -and O -guanoclor O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -300 O -- O -msec O -microwave O -irradiation O -for O -enzyme O -inactivation O -: O -a O -study O -of O -effects O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -pentobarbital I-Chemical -on O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -mouse O -brain O -regions O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -this O -method O -of O -sacrifice O -, O -the O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -contents O -of O -mouse O -brain O -regions O -, O -given O -in O -nanomoles O -per O -gram O -, O -were O -found O -to O -be O -: O -striatum O -, O -81 O -; O -medulla O -- O -pons O -, O -44 O -; O -diencephalon O -- O -midbrain O -, O -34 O -; O -hippocampus O -, O -31 O -; O -cerebral O -cortex O -, O -26 O -; O -and O -cerebellum O -, O -17 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -maximal O -increase O -of O -81 O -% O -in O -whole O -brain O -was O -seen O -at O -15 O -minutes O -with O -80 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -pentobarbital I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -brain O -regions O -except O -the O -cerebellum O -exhibited O -an O -increase O -in O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -after O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -at O -the O -time O -when O -half O -of O -the O -animals O -had O -regained O -the O -righting O -reflex O -, O -the O -unconscious O -mice O -showed O -an O -increase O -in O -cerebellar O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -which O -was O -statistically O -significant O -as O -compared O -to O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -after O -sodium B-Chemical -pentobarbital I-Chemical -treatment O -, O -the O -cerebral O -cortex O -and O -hippocampus O -exhibit O -a O -greater O -cholinergic O -response O -than O -the O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -narcotic O -analgesics O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -codeine B-Chemical -, O -meperidine B-Chemical -and O -methadone B-Chemical -and O -the O -narcotic O -antagonist O -analgesics O -cyclazocine O -, O -cyclorphan O -, O -nalorphine O -and O -pentazocine B-Chemical -were O -active O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -were O -also O -biphasic O -; O -d O -- O -NE O -responses O -corresponded O -to O -the O -second O -phase O -of O -the O -l O -- O -NE O -curve O -. O - -aps B-category -Phentolamine B-Chemical -dissociation O -constants O -were O -analyzed O -separately O -for O -each O -component O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -the O -mechanism O -of O -transport O -of O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -submaxillary O -gland O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -concentration O -significantly O -decreased O -uptake O -and O -slightly O -increased O -the O -rate O -of O -efflux O -. O - -aps B-category -Probenecid O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -) O -had O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -uptake O -when O -compared O -to O -control O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Aminopyridines O -and O -sparteine B-Chemical -as O -inhibitors O -of O -membrane O -potassium B-Chemical -conductance O -: O -effects O -on O -Myxicola O -giant O -axons O -and O -the O -lobster O -neuromuscular O -junction O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Myxicola O -axons O -, O -the O -aminopyridines O -very O -specifically O -inhibited O -the O -potassium B-Chemical -conductance O -when O -applied O -at O -concentrations O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -to O -5 O -mM O -without O -any O -apparent O -effect O -of O -resting O -membrane O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -conductance O -- O -voltage O -curves O -were O -shifted O -in O -the O -depolarized O -direction O -along O -the O -voltage O -axis O -with O -no O -significant O -change O -in O -shape O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -high O -potassium B-Chemical -solutions O -, O -both O -inward O -and O -outward O -potassium B-Chemical -currents O -were O -equally O -sensitive O -to O -the O -aminopyridines O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -aminopyridines O -, O -sparteine B-Chemical -was O -more O -effective O -when O -applied O -at O -basic O -pH O -and O -in O -addition O -tended O -to O -produce O -a O -noticeable O -degree O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -on O -the O -local O -anesthetic O -suppression O -of O -ionic O -conductances O -in O -squid O -axon O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -suppression O -of O -peak O -conductance O -and O -steady O -- O -state O -conductance O -by O -procaine B-Chemical -or O -benzocaine O -applied O -externally O -or O -internally O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -changing O -the O -external O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -between O -10 O -and O -100 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -augmentation O -could O -not O -be O -ascribed O -to O -an O -acceleration O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -penetration O -of O -procaine B-Chemical -into O -the O -axon O -in O -low O -calcium B-Chemical -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -effect O -of O -procaine B-Chemical -on O -resting O -conductances O -was O -obtained O -at O -a O -concentration O -much O -lower O -than O -that O -required O -for O -maximum O -suppression O -of O -peak O -and O -steady O -- O -state O -conductances O -. O - -aps B-category -Twitch O -potentiation O -of O -skeletal O -muscle O -by O -physostigmine B-Chemical -at O -different O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -results O -show O -in O -general O -that O -physostigmine B-Chemical -potentiation O -increased O -peak O -contraction O -time O -and O -thereby O -indicate O -that O -potentiation O -is O -occurring O -in O -terms O -of O -prolongation O -of O -the O -active O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -renal O -blood O -flow O -and O -the O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -of O -anaesthetized O -dogs O -during O -acute O -changes O -in O -plasma O -sodium B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -bacillaris O -, O -SM O -- O -L1 O -( O -streptomycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bleached I-Chemical -) O -strain O -, O -7 O -of O -which O -have O -an O -acid O -pH O -- O -optimum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -CNS O -activity O -of O -these O -compounds O -was O -enhanced O -by O -certain O -lipophilic O -[ O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -1 O -, O -1 O -- O -dimethyl O -- O -2 O -- O -phenethyl O -( O -43 O -) O -or O -cyclopropyl O -( O -40 O -and O -44 O -) O -] O -nitrogen B-Chemical -substituents O -; O -however O -, O -minor O -structural O -changes O -on O -either O -the O -aromatic O -or O -side O -- O -chain O -moieties O -drastically O -reduced O -central O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -increased O -, O -while O -pretreatment O -with O -a O -small O -dose O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -decreased O -, O -this O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -the O -murine O -toxicity O -of O -chloroform B-Chemical -and O -fluoxene O -is O -dependent O -on O -biotransformation O -by O -hepatic O -microsomal O -enzymes O -and O -that O -the O -testosterone B-Chemical -enhances O -postanesthetic O -toxicity O -of O -these O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -RNA O -- O -dependent O -EMC O -replicase O -was O -extracted O -from O -the O -membranes O -with O -0 O -. O -15 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -( O -SDS O -) O -and O -1 O -, O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -trichlorotri O -- O -fluoroethane O -( O -Genetron O -113 O -) O -and O -further O -purified O -by O -high B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -dextran B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -polyethylene I-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -phase O -separation O -, O -sievorptive O -chromatography O -, O -and O -glycerol O -gradient O -sedimentation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nucleocapsid O -sedimented O -at O -nearly O -the O -same O -rate O -as O -the O -whole O -phage O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradients O -, O -but O -the O -buoyant O -density O -in O -Cs2S04 O -changed O -from O -1 O -. O -22 O -g O -/ O -cm3 O -for O -the O -whole O -phage O -to O -1 O -. O -33 O -g O -/ O -cm3 O -for O -the O -nucleocapsid O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Gentamicin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -susceptibility I-Chemical -of O -various O -pathogens O -isolated O -from O -clinical O -materials O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Beta O -hemolytic O -streptococci O -, O -pneumococci O -and O -enterococci O -are O -less O -susceptible O -to O -gentamicin B-Chemical -than O -staphylococci O -. O - -aps B-category -Haemophilus O -influenzae O -, O -H O -. O -parainfluenzae O -and O -H O -. O -parahaemolyticus O -are O -very O -susceptible O -to O -gentamicin B-Chemical -, O -and O -there O -is O -no O -resistant O -strain O -to O -this O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -few O -resistant O -or O -less O -susceptible O -strains O -to O -gentamicin B-Chemical -are O -found O -in O -E O -. O -coli O -, O -Citrobacerr O -, O -Serratia O -, O -Pr O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibacterial O -activity O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -against O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -is O -very O -strong O -, O -but O -dibekacin O -and O -tobramycin B-Chemical -are O -stronger O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexamethasone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rabbits O -under O -the O -same O -conditions O -withstood O -the O -heat O -better O -and O -their O -plasma O -pH O -and O -osmolality O -remained O -constant O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -contracture O -or O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contracture O -of O -taenia O -coli O -was O -inhibited O -by O -treatment O -with O -neuraminidase O -, O -though O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contracture O -was O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -was O -blocked O -by O -prior O -heating O -of O -the O -extract O -at O -100 O -degrees O -C O -. O -for O -30 O -minutes O -, O -removal O -of O -divalent O -cations O -, O -and O -presence O -of O -diisopropylfluorophosphate B-Chemical -( O -a O -specific O -serine O -esterase O -inhibitor O -) O -; O -prolonged O -dialysis O -failed O -to O -remove O -the O -hydrolytic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -on O -the O -pulmonary O -circulation O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -determine O -their O -effects O -on O -the O -pulmonary O -circulation O -, O -we O -cannulated O -the O -left O -lower O -lobe O -bronchus O -in O -20 O -dogs O -to O -permit O -ventilation O -with O -either O -air O -or O -a O -mixture O -of O -95 O -% O -nitrogen B-Chemical -and O -5 O -% O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -; O -systemic O -oxygenation O -was O -maintained O -by O -venitlating O -the O -right O -lung O -with O -95 O -% O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -During O -hypoxic O -ventilation O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -increased O -the O -resistance O -by O -an O -additional O -19 O -% O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Combined O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -did O -not O -alter O -hypoxia O -- O -induced O -vasoconstriction O -, O -whereas O -phentolamine B-Chemical -blocked O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -response O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -abolished O -the O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -vasodilation O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -these O -findings O -can O -be O -extrapolated O -to O -man O -, O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -may O -be O -the O -preferred O -inotropic O -agent O -in O -patients O -with O -an O -elevated O -pulmonary O -vascular O -resistance O -. O - -aps B-category -Copper O -is O -involved O -in O -the O -development O -and O -maintenance O -of O -cardiovascular O -and O -skeletal O -integrity O -, O -central O -nervous O -system O -structure O -and O -function O -, O -and O -erythropoietic O -function O -including O -iron B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -clear O -understanding O -of O -the O -functions O -of O -copper B-Chemical -and O -its O -mechanisms O -of O -action O -could O -prove O -highly O -beneficial O -in O -the O -solution O -of O -present O -and O -unforeseen O -problems O -in O -medicine O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -novel O -, O -inexpensive O -, O -and O -sensitive O -method O -for O -analysis O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -tissue O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -structural O -types O -include O -monoterpenes O -, O -diterpenes O -, O -triterpenes O -, O -flavonoids B-Chemical -, O -steroid B-Chemical -saponins O -, O -dipeptides O -, O -and O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -were O -made O -of O -the O -enzymic O -synthesis O -and O -hydrolysis O -of O -cholesteryl B-Chemical -esters I-Chemical -in O -rat O -testes O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholesterol B-Chemical -esterifying O -activity O -was O -localized O -in O -the O -soluble O -fraction O -, O -and O -cholesteryl B-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -hydrolase O -activity O -was O -distributed O -in O -both O -particulate O -and O -soluble O -fractions O -obtained O -from O -tissue O -homogenates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -TRANS O -diet O -influenced O -the O -development O -of O -the O -testes O -as O -judged O -by O -their O -size O -, O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -esterifying O -and O -cholesteryl B-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -hydrolyzing O -activities O -were O -suppressed O -in O -the O -testes O -of O -the O -animals O -of O -this O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -lipid O -disposal O -mechanisms O -were O -assessed O -in O -76 O -infected O -and O -19 O -control O -male O -rhesus O -monkeys O -by O -the O -ability O -to O -dispose O -of O -triglycerides B-Chemical -after O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -oral O -lipid O -loading O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -intravenous O -lipid O -loading O -; O -and O -( O -3 O -) O -by O -lipolytic O -enzyme O -activity O -tests O -as O -measured O -by O -postheparin O -lipolytic O -activity O -( O -PHLA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -D O -. O -pneumoniae O -sepsis O -, O -average O -fasting O -triglyceride B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -slightly O -, O -but O -not O -significantly O -elevated O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -were O -not O -apparent O -when O -naloxone B-Chemical -was O -administered O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -control O -is O -exerted O -by O -a O -regulatory O -mechanism O -in O -which O -the O -electrical O -potential O -difference O -controls O -the O -conformation O -and O -redox O -properties O -of O -the O -heme O -centres O -and O -thereby O -the O -rate O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mutagenic O -effects O -of O -vinyl O -chloride B-Chemical -( O -VC O -) O -on O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -strain O -TA1530 O -are O -enhanced O -by O -mouse O -or O -rat O -liver O -extracts O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -same O -extracts O -, O -however O -, O -differed O -markedly O -in O -their O -capacity O -to O -stimulate O -the O -mutagenicity O -of O -dimethylnitrosamine O -( O -DMN O -) O -, O -a O -compound O -which O -is O -converted O -to O -a O -mutagen O -by O -an O -NADPH B-Chemical -dependent O -microsomal O -mixed O -function O -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mutagenic O -activity O -of O -VC O -also O -was O -found O -to O -be O -stimulated O -by O -riboflavin B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -light O -suggesting O -that O -free O -radicals O -may O -be O -involved O -in O -VC O -dependent O -mutagenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -main O -fractions O -of O -the O -albumins O -from O -sunflower O -and O -rapeseeds O -( O -isolated O -by O -means O -of O -precipitation O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -or O -tannin O -+ O -caffeine B-Chemical -and O -subsequent O -gel O -chromatography O -) O -are O -low O -- O -molecular O -, O -very O -basic O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -20 O -% O -alpha O -- O -helix O -are O -left O -after O -the O -action O -of O -8 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -complex O -formation O -in O -the O -system O -casein B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dextran I-Chemical -sulphate O -is O -followed O -by O -means O -of O -turbidimetric O -titration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protein O -component O -of O -the O -poly O -- O -anion O -- O -containing O -complexes O -is O -isolated O -by O -precipitation O -with O -salt B-Chemical -or O -by O -thermal O -coagulation O -after O -dissolving O -of O -the O -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -minimal O -concentrations O -of O -procaine B-Chemical -which O -block O -the O -action O -potentials O -of O -a O -single O -Ranvier O -node O -were O -determined O -under O -decreased O -and O -increased O -pH O -in O -the O -bathing O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -these O -data O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -membrane O -of O -the O -Ranvier O -node O -may O -interact O -with O -a O -definite O -form O -of O -procaine B-Chemical -is O -rejected O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -of O -a O -change O -in O -the O -electrogenicity O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -pump O -induced O -by O -changes O -in O -pH O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -to O -B O -cells O -, O -T O -lymphocytes O -of O -rats O -have O -a O -higher O -ability O -of O -incorporating O -labeled O -uridine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -on O -brain O -cell O -electrical O -responses O -to O -neurotransmitters O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -experimental O -dietary O -conditions O -on O -hepatic O -enzymes O -of O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -levels O -of O -these O -enzymes O -were O -found O -to O -be O -increased O -as O -compared O -to O -those O -observed O -after O -starvation O -, O -on O -feeding O -a O -carbohydrate O -- O -free O -, O -protein O -- O -rich O -diet O -or O -by O -the O -dietary O -supplementation O -by O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -transaminase O -and O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -kinase O -activities O -during O -short O -term O -incubation O -of O -fetal O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -pO2 O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -content O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -capacity O -, O -acid O -base O -status O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -, O -HbF O -fraction O -, O -plasma O -pH O -, O -red O -cell O -pH O -, O -and O -RBC O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -demonstrate O -that O -the O -action O -of O -intracellular O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -buffers O -in O -blood O -is O -effectively O -modulated O -by O -the O -physico O -- O -chemical O -properties O -of O -the O -red O -cell O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -salt B-Chemical -together O -with O -5 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -suggests O -that O -in O -addition O -to O -electrostatic O -interactions O -probably O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonding O -may O -favour O -specific O -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -Distribution O -of O -histones O -in O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -denatured I-Chemical -chromatin O -studied O -by O -isopycnic O -centrifugation O -in O -alkaline O -metrizamide O -density O -gradients O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -these O -conditions O -an O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -denatured I-Chemical -mixture O -of O -DNA O -and O -chromatin O -was O -well O -separated O -into O -the O -original O -DNA O -and O -DNP O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -compound O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -hydrolyze O -with O -NaOH B-Chemical -yielding O -either O -uracil O -or O -uracil B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -depending O -on O -reaction O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -also O -forms O -an O -acid O -twin O -- O -stranded O -helix O -with O -a O -transition O -pH O -of O -5 O -. O -9 O -in O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nucleoside B-Chemical -is O -released O -as O -part O -of O -an O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stable I-Chemical -dinucleotide O -, O -Im O -- O -Up O -, O -by O -alkaline O -hydrolysis O -of O -Crithidia O -rRNA O -, O -and O -as O -a O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -, O -pIm O -, O -by O -snake O -venom O -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -same O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Complications O -arising O -from O -arterial O -contrast B-Chemical -studies O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Observations O -and O -interpretation O -of O -x O -- O -ray O -absorption O -edges O -in O -iron B-Chemical -compounds O -and O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -transitions O -confirm O -that O -upon O -oxidation O -of O -the O -hexacyanides O -the O -iron B-Chemical -electronic O -structure O -barely O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -heme O -protein O -cytochrome O -c O -, O -upon O -oxidation O -the O -1s O -leads O -to O -4p O -transition O -shifts O -only O -about O -1 O -V O -to O -higher O -energies O -similar O -to O -the O -iron B-Chemical -hexacyanides O -. O - -aps B-category -15N O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -investigations O -of O -some O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -carried O -out O -in O -order O -to O -check O -the O -applicability O -of O -this O -method O -to O -biological O -problems O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -in O -the O -number O -of O -functional O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -is O -also O -manifest O -as O -a O -decreased O -ability O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -to O -stimulate O -the O -membrane O -- O -bound O -adenylate O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -Abnormal O -ornithine B-Chemical -carbamoyltransferase O -in O -mice O -having O -the O -sparse O -- O -fur O -mutation O -. O - -aps B-category -Normal O -ornithine B-Chemical -carbamoyltransferase O -has O -maximum O -activity O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -6 O -- O -8 O -. O -0 O -and O -80 O -% O -of O -maximum O -activity O -at O -pH O -10 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -diethyl O -ether B-Chemical -on O -the O -in O -vitro O -light O -emission O -of O -Vibrio O -fischeri O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -microneurons O -have O -only O -few O -dendritic O -collaterals O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -numerous O -ones O -on O -the O -nearby O -motoneurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Dystonic O -reactions O -following O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -: O -time O -course O -and O -proposed O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -myocardial O -ATP O -and O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -diabetes O -: O -role O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -detection O -of O -depressed O -contractility O -before O -a O -fall O -in O -intracellular O -pH O -or O -a O -rise O -in O -intracellular O -lactate B-Chemical -casts O -doubt O -on O -the O -postulate O -that O -an O -increase O -in O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -is O -the O -primary O -cause O -of O -hypoxic O -myocardial O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Right O -ventricular O -kitten O -papillary O -muscles O -were O -incubated O -with O -dibutyryl O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -db B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cAMP I-Chemical -) O -at O -varying O -concentrations O -from O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -to O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -. O -A O -positive O -inotropic O -effect O -was O -observed O -with O -all O -concentrations O -of O -db B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cAMP I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -biochemical O -level O -cardiac O -guanyl O -cyclase O -activity O -is O -enhanced O -2 O -- O -- O -3 O -times O -with O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -this O -enhancement O -is O -completely O -blocked O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -post O -- O -nuclear O -fraction O -of O -rat O -heart O -tissue O -was O -fractionated O -by O -isopycnic O -zonal O -centrifugation O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -, O -followed O -by O -differential O -centrifugation O -of O -the O -zonal O -fractions O -( O -rho O -- O -S O -fractionation O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Lysophospholipids O -and O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -accumulate O -in O -association O -with O -release O -of O -hydrolases O -from O -the O -lysosomes O -into O -the O -supernatant O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -soluble O -phospholipase O -A O -is O -inhibited O -by O -albumin O -, O -soluble O -protein O -( O -cytoplasmic O -) O -, O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -and O -protamine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Myocardial O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -appears O -to O -have O -characteristics O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -enzymes O -isolated O -from O -other O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Thiol O -compounds O -did O -not O -increase O -the O -myocardial O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -pigeon O -breast O -muscle O -, O -can O -in O -part O -regulate O -intracellular O -pH O -by O -changes O -in O -the O -steady O -state O -concentrations O -of O -the O -glycolytic O -and O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -cycle O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -Dependence O -of O -CSF O -on O -plasma O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -during O -hypocapnia O -and O -hypoxemic O -hypocapnia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -contribution O -of O -this O -local O -mechanism O -to O -CSF O -[ O -HCO3 O -] O -regulation O -increased O -with O -increasing O -severity O -of O -hypocapnia O -or O -hypoxemia O -and O -was O -usually O -associated O -with O -a O -selective O -increase O -in O -CSF O -lactate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Superimposed O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -secretin O -and O -cholecystokinin B-Chemical -increased O -acid O -disposal O -, O -particularly O -in O -patients O -with O -duodenal O -ulcer O -, O -and O -increased O -the O -associated O -rate O -of O -secretion O -of O -water O -and O -electrolytes O -or O -changed O -net O -absorption O -to O -net O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -ingestion O -of O -synthetic O -PteGlu3 O -in O -physiological O -doses O -, O -the O -folate B-Chemical -forms O -were O -studied O -in O -plasma O -obtained O -from O -human O -vena O -portae O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -Mono O -- O -and O -diglutamic O -folate B-Chemical -was O -demonstrated O -in O -the O -portal O -plasma O -, O -indicating O -that O -intestinal O -hydrolysis O -precedes O -the O -absorption O -of O -conjugated O -folates O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -enzymes O -in O -the O -degenerative O -neurological O -disease O -idiopathic O -orthostatic O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -activity O -was O -decreased O -7 O -. O -5 O -- O -fold O -in O -sympathetic O -ganglia O -, O -while O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -was O -reduced O -more O -than O -50 O -- O -fold O -in O -the O -pontine O -nucleus O -locus O -coeruleus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -microbiological O -role O -of O -nitrite B-Chemical -in O -meat O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -Decreased O -gastric O -secretion O -in O -rats O -treated O -with O -stannous O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -output O -of O -acid O -, O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -in O -gastric O -washings O -from O -the O -Vervet O -monkey O -have O -been O -measured O -under O -basal O -conditions O -and O -while O -stimulating O -the O -secretion O -with O -two O -doses O -of O -pentagastrin O -( O -one O -dose O -submaximal O -, O -the O -other O -dose O -supramaximal O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diagnostic O -specificity O -of O -a O -new O -method O -to O -detect O -obstructive O -jaundice O -by O -determination O -of O -lipoprotein O -X O -( O -LP O -- O -X O -) O -was O -tested O -in O -144 O -patients O -with O -different O -kinds O -of O -hepatic O -diseases O -and O -compared O -with O -the O -usual O -chemical O -" O -obstructive O -jaundice O -specific O -" O -tests O -, O -such O -as O -bilirubin B-Chemical -, O -SGOT O -, O -SGPT O -, O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -LAP O -and O -gamma O -- O -GT O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -03 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -administered O -intravenously O -over O -a O -two O -- O -minute O -period O -) O -was O -investigated O -in O -11 O -healthy O -volunteers O -with O -normal O -pulmonary O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Apnoea O -did O -not O -occur O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -some O -disorders O -of O -connective O -tissues O -, O -such O -as O -systemic O -lupus O -erythematosus O -, O -polyarteritis O -nodosa O -and O -Wegener O -' O -s O -granulomatosis O -, O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -and O -immunosuppressive O -agents O -seem O -to O -exert O -a O -favourable O -effect O -on O -the O -course O -of O -renal O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -[ O -3H O -] O -rifampicin B-Chemical -is O -incubated O -with O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -or O -rat O -liver O -homogenate O -, O -minor O -amounts O -are O -bound O -irreversibly O -to O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Rifampicin B-Chemical -is O -autoxidized O -at O -physiological O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Hence O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -rifampicin B-Chemical -may O -bind O -irreversibly O -to O -proteins O -in O -a O -non O -- O -enzymic O -reaction O -after O -autoxidation O -to O -rifampicin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -quinone I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -that O -free O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -of O -protein O -or O -RNA O -are O -involved O -in O -the O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -Microsomal O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochromcin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -quinone I-Chemical -to O -rifampicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -microsomal O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -prevents O -accumulation O -of O -higher O -amounts O -of O -possibly O -toxic O -rifampicin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -quinone I-Chemical -by O -reduction O -to O -rifampicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -of O -electron O -flow O -and O -coupled O -ATP O -formation O -is O -effectively O -reversed O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -thiol B-Chemical -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Changing O -the O -solvent O -from O -water O -to O -D2O O -or O -by O -quenching O -experiments O -in O -presence O -of O -azide O -ions O -it O -could O -be O -shown O -that O -the O -desactivation O -of O -lysozyme O -is O -caused O -exclusively O -by O -singlet O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Singlet O -oxygen B-Chemical -react O -chemically O -( O -desactivation O -, O -k O -= O -2 O -. O -9 O -X O -10 O -( O -7 O -) O -m O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -sec O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -) O -and O -physically O -( O -quenching O -process O -, O -k O -= O -4 O -. O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -8 O -) O -m O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -sec O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -) O -with O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Canned O -beans O -were O -diluted O -1 O -: O -2 O -with O -0 O -. O -1 O -m O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -blood O -flow O -( O -CBF O -) O -and O -cerebral O -av O -- O -differences O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -circulating O -substrates O -were O -measured O -in O -normocapnic O -infants O -during O -general O -anaesthesia O -before O -elective O -surgery O -in O -order O -to O -study O -possible O -age O -- O -dependent O -variations O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactate B-Chemical -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -were O -determined O -in O -whole O -blood O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -plasma O -by O -ion O -- O -exchange O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -values O -from O -12 O -infants O -( O -age O -11 O -days O -- O -12 O -months O -) O -were O -: O -CBF O -69 O -ml O -/ O -100 O -g0min O -- O -1 O -; O -cerebral O -uptake O -( O -in O -mumoles O -/ O -100 O -g O -- O -min O -- O -1 O -) O -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -104 O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -27 O -, O -acetoacetate O -0 O -. O -9 O -, O -D O -- O -beta O -- O -hydroxybutyrate O -2 O -. O -3 O -; O -cerebral O -release O -: O -lactate B-Chemical -2 O -. O -4 O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -0 O -. O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -correlations O -between O -arterial O -concentration O -and O -cerebral O -exchange O -were O -found O -for O -: O -ornithine B-Chemical -, O -arginine O -, O -phenylalanine O -, O -aspartic O -acid O -, O -serine O -, O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -acetoacetate O -. O - -aps B-category -Older O -lesions O -include O -nodular O -fibrous O -thickening O -of O -the O -arterial O -walls O -, O -and O -intimal O -proliferation O -, O -sometimes O -with O -luminal B-Chemical -obliteration O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effects O -of O -acid O -- O -base O -changes O -upon O -the O -chronotropic O -response O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -suggest O -that O -there O -is O -a O -sensitizing O -effect O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -in O -alkalosis O -superimposed O -to O -a O -direct O -effect O -of O -pH O -upon O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -, O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -and O -PCO2 O -increased O -at O -10 O -- O -11 O -days O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -not O -inhibited O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -La O -+ O -+ O -+ O -or O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -dibucaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -doses O -of O -UV O -light O -may O -permit O -extracellular O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -to O -enter O -the O -cell O -and O -stimulate O -channel O -formation O -( O -calcium B-Chemical -induced O -pinocytosis O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -in O -vitro O -- O -formed O -protamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -heparin I-Chemical -complex O -as O -a O -model O -for O -a O -two O -- O -compartment O -store O -for O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -One O -compartment O -corresponds O -to O -the O -terminal O -free O -carboxyl O -groups O -of O -the O -protamine O -moiety O -and O -has O -the O -characteristics O -of O -a O -cation O -exchanger O -, O -with O -the O -ability O -to O -bind O -inorganic O -cations O -and O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -in O -a O -reversible O -and O -rather O -unslective O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -sites O -in O -the O -other O -compartment O -, O -corresponding O -mainly O -to O -the O -carboxyl O -groups O -of O -the O -heparin B-Chemical -moiety O -, O -are O -only O -unmasked O -at O -high O -ionic O -concentrations O -and O -show O -a O -specific O -affinity O -for O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Oxygen O -uptake O -and O -tissue O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -during O -adrenergic O -stimulation O -in O -canine O -subcutaneous O -adipose O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -NS O -or O -NA O -there O -was O -a O -period O -of O -hyperemia O -and O -increased O -oxygen B-Chemical -extraction O -which O -more O -than O -compensated O -for O -the O -decrease O -in O -VO2 O -during O -vasoconstriction O -. O - -aps B-category -Beta2 O -- O -adrenoceptors O -facilitating O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -secretion O -from O -human O -vasoconstrictor O -nerves O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -nerve O -stimulation O -induced O -secretion O -of O -3H O -- O -NA O -caused O -by O -0 O -. O -04 O -muM O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -was O -prevented O -by O -1 O -muM O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -on O -3H O -- O -NA O -secretion O -was O -not O -altered O -by O -a O -selective O -beta1 O -- O -antagonist O -, O -but O -strongly O -reduced O -or O -abolished O -by O -a O -beta2 O -- O -blocking O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -features O -in O -poisonings O -by O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -with O -special O -reference O -to O -the O -ECG O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cofactor O -of O -both O -enzymes O -is O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -highly O -specific O -for O -the O -irreversible O -oxidation O -of O -the O -3beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyl I-Chemical -group O -in O -steroids B-Chemical -with O -a O -trans O -- O -anellated O -A O -: O -B O -ring O -system O -with O -either O -C5 O -or O -C6 O -double O -bond O -. O - -aps B-category -Numbers O -of O -proteolytic O -, O -nitrate B-Chemical -assimilating O -, O -denitrifying O -, O -and O -cellulolytic O -bacteria O -were O -estimated O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -two O -- O -stage O -process O -of O -submerged O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -fermentation O -with O -replacement O -of O -growth O -medium O -by O -fermentation O -medium O -has O -been O -worked O -out O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -these O -conditions O -, O -with O -an O -initial O -sucrose B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -100 O -g O -/ O -l O -, O -after O -132 O -hr O -fermentation O -at O -26 O -degrees O -up O -to O -90 O -g O -/ O -l O -of O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -obtained O -, O -which O -corresponds O -to O -a O -productivity O -of O -over O -16 O -g O -/ O -l O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Glutamate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glyoxylate I-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -Lactobacillus O -plantarum O -. O - -aps B-category -Purified O -enzyme O -requires O -the O -addition O -of O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -ions O -for O -its O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -pH O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -veronal O -buffers O -is O -8 O -. O -0 O -and O -optimal O -temperature O -35 O -- O -- O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -prolonged O -immunization O -of O -rabbits O -with O -a O -semipurified O -mouse O -interferon B-Chemical -preparation O -in O -Freund O -' O -s O -incomplete O -or O -Al O -- O -Span O -- O -Oil O -adjuvant O -, O -a O -specific O -interferon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -neutralizing I-Chemical -immunoglobulin O -was O -obtained O -from O -antiserum O -with O -a O -capacity O -of O -neutralizing O -about O -49000 O -mouse O -interferon B-Chemical -units O -per O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -" O -slow O -" O -and O -the O -" O -fast O -" O -fractions O -of O -purified O -interferon B-Chemical -preparations O -were O -equally O -sensitive O -to O -the O -neutralizing O -effect O -of O -antibodies O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -five O -metabolites O -( O -purines O -, O -pyrimidines O -, O -nucleosides B-Chemical -and O -nucleosides B-Chemical -) O -were O -tested O -for O -their O -simultaneous O -action O -with O -6 O -- O -azauridine O -( O -AzUrd O -) O -in O -inhibition O -of O -Newcastle O -disease O -virus O -( O -NDV O -) O -replication O -. O - -aps B-category -Interferon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -producing I-Chemical -capacity O -of O -human O -tonsil O -cells O -and O -properties O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -produced O -by O -these O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimal O -conditions O -for O -interferon B-Chemical -production O -by O -tonsil O -cells O -were O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -procedure O -with O -the O -use O -of O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -( O -PEG O -) O -600 O -to O -support O -biological O -materials O -for O -ultracryotomy O -was O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -Phase O -I O -Coxiella O -burnetii O -antigen O -isolated O -by O -phenol B-Chemical -extraction O -from O -purified O -suspensions O -of O -C O -. O -burnetii O -in O -phase O -I O -is O -a O -complex O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -( O -LPS O -) O -molecule O -containing O -substances O -typical O -of O -the O -bacterial O -LPS O -. O - -aps B-category -Interferon B-Chemical -pretreatment O -primes O -interferon B-Chemical -production O -by O -human O -adenovirus O -in O -chick O -embryo O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -priming O -effect O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -pretreatment O -was O -also O -demonstrable O -when O -trypsin O -- O -treated O -virus O -was O -used O -for O -the O -induction O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Combined O -intraperitoneal O -treatment O -of O -mice O -with O -poly O -I O -: O -C O -and O -a O -polycationic O -modified O -polypeptide O -( O -poly B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DMAE I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -) O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -with O -chicken O -species O -- O -specificity O -in O -bacterial O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -distinct O -from O -cell O -- O -free O -extracts O -prepared O -from O -tumour O -cells O -, O -partially O -purified O -uridine B-Chemical -kinase O -prepared O -from O -the O -same O -cells O -was O -not O -effective O -in O -6 O -- O -azauridine O -( O -AzUrd O -) O -inhibition O -of O -Newcastle O -disease O -virus O -( O -NDV O -) O -replication O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- O -triphosphate O -( O -ATP O -) O -was O -found O -to O -exert O -a O -synergic O -effect O -in O -combination O -with O -AzUrd O -in O -the O -inhibition O -of O -NDV O -replication O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chain O -of O -chemical O -reactions O -elicited O -by O -antigen O -- O -antibody O -interaction O -does O -not O -end O -with O -the O -release O -of O -SRS O -- O -A O -and O -the O -other O -mediators O -( O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -eosinophil O -chemotactic O -factor O -of O -anaphylaxis O -, O -ECF O -- O -A O -) O -, O -on O -the O -contrary O -, O -these O -mediators O -especially O -SRS O -- O -A O -induce O -the O -release O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -of O -type O -E O -( O -PGE1 B-Chemical -and O -PGE2 B-Chemical -) O -which O -produce O -bronchodilatation O -and O -inhibit O -the O -release O -of O -SRS O -- O -A O -itself O -, O -perhaps O -being O -a O -selfregulating O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -biochemical O -point O -of O -view O -it O -is O -found O -that O -the O -antigen O -Igells O -, O -a O -serine O -esterase O -, O -initiating O -several O -chemical O -reactions O -whose O -consequence O -is O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -PGE O -( O -1 O -and O -2 O -) O -acting O -on O -one O -type O -of O -membrane O -receptor O -and O -the O -beta O -- O -agonist O -catecholamines B-Chemical -on O -another O -produce O -a O -common O -phenomenon O -: O -the O -activation O -of O -the O -adenylcyclase O -whcih O -produces O -the O -increase O -of O -the O -concentration O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -and O -inhibits O -the O -release O -of O -mediators O -of O -the O -anapylactic O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -automated O -flavin O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -- O -dependent O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -assay O -for O -assessing O -riboflavin B-Chemical -nutriture O -. O - -aps B-category -BGR O -activity O -is O -expressed O -as O -mumoles O -glutathione B-Chemical -regenerated O -from O -oxidized O -glutathione B-Chemical -per O -ml O -of O -whole O -blood O -( O -WB O -) O -or O -per O -g O -of O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -weaned O -rats O -( O -23 O -days O -of O -age O -) O -, O -maintained O -on O -a O -riboflavin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -diet O -, O -showed O -a O -mean O -AC O -of O -1 O -. O -23 O -, O -1 O -. O -54 O -, O -2 O -. O -02 O -, O -and O -2 O -. O -41 O -at O -23 O -, O -26 O -, O -30 O -, O -and O -36 O -days O -of O -age O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -were O -treated O -with O -a O -combination O -of O -prednisone B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -to O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -for O -up O -to O -12 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -mucosal O -and O -venous O -histamine B-Chemical -concentrations O -during O -instillation O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -in O -the O -canine O -stomach O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -histamine B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -gastric O -mucosa O -, O -gastric O -vein O -blood O -, O -and O -gastric O -contents O -in O -dogs O -treated O -with O -40 O -% O -ethanol B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -higher O -than O -in O -dogs O -treated O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -( O -NaCl B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -change O -was O -observed O -after O -administration O -of O -50 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -25 O -% O -mannitol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mucosa O -of O -the O -dogs O -treated O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -or O -mannitol B-Chemical -was O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -Isotonic O -test O -solutions O -at O -an O -acid O -( O -2 O -. O -9 O -% O -or O -neutral O -( O -7 O -. O -0 O -) O -pH O -and O -containing O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -or O -acetate O -ions O -were O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluid O -secretion O -induced O -by O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -discharge O -of O -mucus O -from O -goblet O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -of O -the O -penicillin B-Chemical -and O -semisynthetic O -penicillins B-Chemical -produced O -residues O -that O -were O -characterized O -as O -amorphous O -, O -flaky O -, O -bulky O -and O -of O -no O -distinct O -shape O -. O - -aps B-category -Residues O -in O -antibiotic O -preparations O -, O -ii O -: O -effect O -of O -pH O -on O -the O -nature O -and O -level O -of O -particulate B-Chemical -matter I-Chemical -in O -sodium B-Chemical -cephalothin B-Chemical -intravenous O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -Advice O -is O -given O -to O -practitioners O -regarding O -the O -preparation O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -cephalothin B-Chemical -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stability O -of O -Potassium B-Chemical -Penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -, O -USP O -, O -when O -mixed O -with O -Ascorbic O -Acid O -Injection O -, O -USP O -, O -in O -5 O -% O -Dextrose O -Injection O -, O -USP O -, O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stability O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -was O -not O -adversely O -affected O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -ascorbate O -. O - -aps B-category -Confusion O -in O -the O -literature O -could O -be O -reduced O -by O -changing O -the O -official O -title O -from O -Ascorbic O -Acid O -Injection O -to O -Sodium B-Chemical -Ascorbate O -Injection O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -correlation O -coefficient O -between O -maternal O -and O -fetal O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -is O -0 O -. O -6 O -, O -and O -that O -between O -maternal O -and O -fetal O -PCO2 O -is O -0 O -. O -31 O -. O - -aps B-category -Levels O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -insulin O -, O -and O -glucagon O -in O -portal O -vein O -plasma O -and O -of O -liver O -glycogen O -and O -cyclic O -AMP O -and O -activities O -of O -glycogen O -synthase O -and O -phosphorylase O -in O -liver O -were O -assayed O -in O -control O -( O -CONT O -) O -rats O -and O -rats O -infected O -( O -INF O -) O -with O -Diplococcus O -pneumoniae O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -situ O -perfusion O -of O -the O -livers O -at O -24 O -h O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -buffer O -decreased O -phosphorylase O -activities O -in O -all O -animals O -and O -increased O -synthase O -I O -activities O -in O -CONT O -but O -not O -INF O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymatic O -histamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -by O -renal O -glomeruli O -of O -the O -rat O -has O -been O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximal O -change O -of O -redox O -state O -was O -observed O -during O -ventilation O -with O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -; O -surface O -fluorescence O -increased O -6 O -. O -6 O -% O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -/ O -pyruvate B-Chemical -increased O -5 O -. O -8 O -times O -, O -glycerol O -3 O -- O -P O -/ O -dihydroxyacetone O -- O -P O -increased O -fourfold O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -/ O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -doubled O -. O - -aps B-category -Direct O -effects O -of O -various O -catecholamines B-Chemical -on O -liver O -circulation O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -HA O -infusion O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -increased O -HA O -flow O -only O -15 O -% O -suggesting O -a O -difference O -in O -beta O -- O -receptor O -population O -in O -the O -two O -vessels O -. O - -aps B-category -Infusion O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -into O -SMA O -increased O -SMA O -flow O -by O -115 O -% O -and O -206 O -% O -and O -PV O -flow O -by O -60 O -% O -and O -70 O -% O -, O -respectively O -, O -whereas O -HA O -flow O -decreased O -by O -25 O -% O -and O -50 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -( O -CPZ O -) O -levels O -of O -50 O -psychotic O -inpatients O -were O -measured O -by O -gas O -liquid O -chromatography O -; O -the O -clinical O -progress O -of O -29 O -of O -these O -patients O -with O -acute O -psychoses O -was O -also O -assessed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -hydration O -status O -of O -the O -patient O -should O -also O -be O -monitored O -closely O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sperm O -values O -and O -the O -mean O -value O -of O -the O -concentration O -of O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -are O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -oxidase O -from O -Trigonopsis O -variabilis O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Contribution O -to O -the O -electrochemistry O -of O -thiols B-Chemical -and O -disulfides O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -hypoxemia O -caused O -by O -intravenous O -ketamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -the O -same O -conditions O -, O -in O -7 O -patients O -, O -ketamine B-Chemical -( O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -IV O -) O -preceded O -by O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -IV O -) O -also O -caused O -a O -reduction O -in O -Pao2 O -not O -significantly O -different O -from O -that O -caused O -by O -ketamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -these O -findings O -, O -the O -authors O -recommend O -that O -O2 O -and O -ventilatory O -assistance O -accompany O -ketamine B-Chemical -given O -IV O -for O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Digitalis B-Chemical -tolerance O -in O -dogs O -anesthetized O -with O -enflurane B-Chemical -, O -isoflurane B-Chemical -, O -fluroxene O -, O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -, O -and O -diethyl O -ether B-Chemical -was O -compared O -with O -that O -in O -dogs O -anesthetized O -with O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -potency O -of O -these O -anesthetics O -in O -converting O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -ventricular O -tachycardia O -to O -sinus O -rhythm O -, O -in O -order O -of O -descending O -effectiveness O -, O -was O -: O -diethyl O -ether B-Chemical -, O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -, O -enflurane B-Chemical -, O -fluroxene O -, O -isoflurane B-Chemical -, O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -male O -volunteer O -patients O -undergoing O -regional O -anesthesia O -were O -evaluated O -for O -alertness O -and O -memory O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -which O -compared O -IV O -lorazepam B-Chemical -( O -4 O -mg O -) O -plus O -IM O -meperidine B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -) O -with O -IV O -placebo O -plus O -IM O -meperidine B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -) O -as O -premedicants O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -number O -of O -patients O -over O -age O -40 O -were O -judged O -to O -be O -excessively O -sedated O -after O -administration O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -premedication O -on O -gastric O -juice O -volume O -and O -pH O -were O -evaluated O -in O -five O -groups O -of O -206 O -pediatric O -patients O -undergoing O -elective O -surgical O -procedures O -: O -Group O -1 O -( O -Control O -) O -received O -no O -premedication O -; O -Group O -2 O -was O -given O -morphine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -and O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -as O -premedicants O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -premedication O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -nor O -addition O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -or O -scopolamine B-Chemical -to O -the O -premedication O -significantly O -altered O -volume O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidences O -of O -unobtainable O -samples O -and O -samples O -with O -pH O -' O -s O -higher O -than O -2 O -. O -5 O -were O -greatest O -with O -atropine B-Chemical -( O -32 O -. O -0 O -per O -cent O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -and O -glycopyrrolate B-Chemical -( O -58 O -. O -1 O -per O -cent O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduction O -of O -gastric O -juice O -volume O -and O -acidity O -produced O -by O -glycopyrrolate B-Chemical -would O -have O -important O -clinical O -implications O -in O -case O -of O -accidental O -aspiration O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Complications O -of O -lignocaine B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Mitochondria O -may O -be O -isolated O -from O -various O -types O -of O -leukocyte O -( O -neutrophil O -polymorphs O -and O -lymphocytes O -from O -human O -blood O -, O -neutrophil O -polymorphs O -and O -macrophages O -from O -peritoneal O -exudates O -of O -the O -guinea O -pig O -) O -after O -destruction O -by O -heparin B-Chemical -of O -the O -cell O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -is O -determined O -using O -oxyhemoglobin O -which O -serves O -both O -as O -oxygen B-Chemical -donor O -, O -as O -in O -the O -respiratory O -system O -in O -vivo O -, O -and O -as O -indicator O -of O -the O -reaction O -at O -435 O -. O -8 O -nm O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -leukocyte O -coenzymes O -by O -enzyme O -cycling O -( O -NAD O -, O -NADH O -, O -NADP O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -) O -showed O -the O -following O -facts O -: O -- O -- O -Generally O -, O -the O -NAD O -concentrations O -remain O -constant O -, O -those O -of O -NADH O -increase O -whilst O -those O -of O -NADP O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -fall O -during O -incubation O -of O -neutrophil O -polymorphs O -in O -Dulbecco O -' O -s O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Detection O -of O -mutant O -hemoglobins O -with O -altered O -affinity O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -the O -pH O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -, O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -of O -antecubital O -venous O -blood O -with O -instruments O -present O -in O -most O -clinical O -chemistry O -laboratories O -permits O -an O -estimate O -of O -the O -strength O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -binding O -to O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -indicate O -that O -this O -method O -is O -a O -reliable O -initial O -step O -in O -the O -identification O -of O -a O -hemoglobin O -with O -abnormal O -affinity O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -may O -be O -applied O -to O -population O -studies O -, O -since O -reliable O -results O -are O -obtained O -with O -venous O -blood O -stored O -at O -4 O -degrees O -C O -for O -up O -to O -24 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -' O -intermediate O -' O -isozyme O -can O -be O -partially O -dissociated O -to O -equal O -quantities O -of O -L O -and O -' O -fast O -' O -isozymes O -by O -storage O -at O -room O -temperature O -or O -by O -freezing O -and O -thawing O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -2 O -M B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NaCl I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Products O -of O -mast O -cell O -degranulation O -, O -as O -well O -as O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -were O -added O -to O -a O -Mishell O -and O -Dutton O -preparation O -for O -in O -vitro O -primary O -immunisation O -( O -induction O -of O -IgM O -antibody O -formation O -) O -to O -sheep O -or O -horse O -red O -blood O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Criteria O -for O -evaluating O -calcium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -from O -the O -point O -of O -view O -of O -chlortetracycline O -biosynthesis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Microfine O -calcium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -proved O -to O -be O -the O -best O -from O -the O -point O -of O -view O -of O -productivity O -of O -Str O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -and O -temperature O -conformation O -transitions O -in O -the O -active O -center O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -amidase O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Importance O -of O -the O -pH O -for O -the O -growth O -of O -the O -gentamicin B-Chemical -producer O -and O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -the O -antibiotic O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibacterial O -activity O -of O -2 O -natural O -and O -12 O -semisynthetic O -penicillins B-Chemical -against O -5 O -strains O -of O -grampositive O -bacteria O -was O -determined O -and O -quantum O -chemical O -estimation O -of O -their O -molecules O -was O -performed O -with O -the O -Hukkel O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -different O -factors O -on O -the O -rate O -of O -benzylpenicillin B-Chemical -conversion O -in O -an O -aqueous O -system O -- O -butylacetate O -system O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -the O -latter O -it O -was O -found O -that O -the O -aqueous O -phase O -exerted O -limiting O -resistance O -during O -mass O -- O -transfer O -of O -benzylpenicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -aureofaciens O -in O -batch O -fermentation O -by O -maintaining O -the O -concentrations O -of O -phosphorus B-Chemical -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -nitrogen B-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -pH O -values O -at O -the O -levels O -favourable O -for O -intensive O -growth O -at O -the O -beginning O -of O -the O -process O -and O -after O -accumulation O -of O -the O -biomass O -at O -the O -levels O -optimal O -for O -retarded O -growth O -of O -the O -organism O -resulted O -in O -significant O -prolongation O -of O -the O -period O -of O -intensive O -antibiotic O -production O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -I O -carbon B-Chemical -atom O -of O -rubomycin O -sugar O -grown O -against O -the O -background O -of O -non O -- O -labeled O -glycerol O -was O -almost O -3 O -times O -higher O -than O -the O -respective O -value O -of O -the O -aglycone O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -are O -indicative O -of O -the O -fact O -that O -there O -was O -no O -splitting O -of O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -carbon B-Chemical -skeleton O -during O -conversion O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -into O -amino B-Chemical -sugar O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -saccharification O -of O -crystalline O -cellulose O -, O -or O -of O -cellulose O -at O -low O -concentrations O -, O -much O -of O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -produced O -is O -the O -result O -of O -the O -cleavage O -of O -cellobiose O -by O -beta O -- O -glucosidase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protein O -efficiency O -ratio O -and O -net O -protein O -utilization O -values O -for O -the O -unsupplemented O -mycelium O -were O -1 O -. O -15 O -and O -0 O -. O -42 O -, O -respectively O -, O -and O -for O -the O -mycelium O -supplemented O -with O -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -( O -5 O -g O -/ O -kg O -) O -they O -were O -2 O -. O -31 O -and O -0 O -. O -72 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanism O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -translocation O -across O -the O -mitochondrial O -inner O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Structural O -studies O -of O -human O -chorionic O -gonadotropin O -and O -its O -subunits O -using O -tyrosine B-Chemical -fluorescence O -. O - -aps B-category -Levels O -were O -above O -the O -normal O -adult O -range O -( O -35I O -U O -/ O -1 O -) O -in O -all O -neonates O -and O -a O -significant O -correlation O -was O -bound O -between O -enzyme O -activity O -and O -bilirubin B-Chemical -levels O -on O -day O -7 O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -- O -005 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -our O -results O -suggest O -that O -raised O -levels O -in O -the O -neonate O -may O -reflect O -hepatic O -microsomal O -damage O -with O -subsequent O -impairment O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -conjugation O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -pipotiazine O -and O -its O -palmitic O -and O -undecilenic O -esters O -on O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -consumption O -in O -brain O -tissue O -of O -rats O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -surface O -and O -bypass O -methods O -, O -esophageal O -and O -muscular O -temperatures O -agreed O -very O -closely O -, O -suggesting O -an O -absence O -of O -regional O -temperature O -gradients O -. O - -aps B-category -Suppression O -of O -renin O -release O -by O -timolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Timolol B-Chemical -also O -antagonized O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -renin O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -injection O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -in O -rabbits O -and O -rats O -, O -timolol B-Chemical -effectively O -depresses O -both O -basal O -and O -stimulated O -plasma O -renin O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -acetate O -( O -AC O -) O -is O -routinely O -used O -in O -dialysis O -solutions O -in O -hemodialysis O -units O -as O -it O -provides O -a O -ready O -source O -of O -fixed O -base O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -AC O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -excretion O -was O -measured O -and O -correlated O -with O -PAH O -and O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -and O -urinary O -electrolyte O -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -PAH O -clearance O -increased O -with O -the O -advent O -of O -AC O -infusion O -, O -plasma O -pH O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -increase O -as O -AC O -is O -introduced O -. O - -aps B-category -Ketamine B-Chemical -and O -thiopental B-Chemical -exerted O -only O -a O -depressant O -effect O -on O -avoidance O -behavior O -which O -was O -attributable O -to O -the O -anesthetic O -properties O -of O -the O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitrogen O -fixation O -by O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -utilizing I-Chemical -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -strains O -, O -including O -Mycobacterium O -flavum O -301 O -, O -grew O -autotrophically O -with O -hydrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -same O -time O -, O -strain O -6 O -was O -sensitive O -to O -hydrogen B-Chemical -when O -growing O -autotrophically O -on O -N2 O -as O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -, O -but O -hydrogen B-Chemical -did O -not O -affect O -acetylene O -reduction O -by O -these O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -notable O -exception O -was O -gamma O -- O -hydroxybutyric O -acid O -which O -increased O -the O -density O -of O -PGO O -( O -1284 O -) O -and O -PGO O -( O -PCPA B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Convulsants O -in O -subconvulsive O -doses O -did O -not O -uniformly O -affect O -PGO O -waves O -; O -while O -pentetrazole O -had O -no O -consistent O -effect O -, O -strychnine B-Chemical -decreased O -and O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -increased O -the O -density O -of O -PGO O -( O -1284 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Caffeine B-Chemical -and O -mefexamide O -reduced O -the O -density O -of O -PGO O -( O -1284 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -p O -- O -Chloromethamphetamine O -induced O -PGO O -waves O -in O -untreated O -cats O -less O -consitently O -than O -did O -PCPA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -of O -a O -moderate O -halophilic O -ammonia B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxidizing I-Chemical -bacterium O -, O -Nitrosococcus O -mobilis O -nov O -. O -sp O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -ammonia B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxidizing I-Chemical -bacterium O -, O -Nitrosovibrio O -tenuis O -nov O -. O -gen O -. O -nov O -. O -sp O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -most O -of O -the O -ammonia B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxidizing I-Chemical -bacteria O -the O -isolated O -vibrio O -is O -void O -of O -an O -extensive O -cytomembrane O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Arabinose O -in O -the O -basic O -medium O -( O -CS7 O -) O -could O -be O -replaced O -by O -ribose O -, O -xylose O -, O -or O -glycerol O -, O -but O -mannitol B-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -or O -galactose B-Chemical -only O -supported O -low O -nitrogenase O -( O -C2H2 O -reduction O -) O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -nitrogen B-Chemical -sources O -could O -replace O -glutamine B-Chemical -including O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -urea B-Chemical -, O -( O -NH4 O -) O -2SO4 O -and O -asparagine O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -inhibition O -was O -reversible O -by O -low O -concentrations O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Action O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -under O -conditions O -of O -sympathicolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Biomedical O -aspects O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -regulator O -performance O -: O -I O -. O -Static O -characteristics O -. O - -aps B-category -Outlet O -suction O -pressures O -, O -flows O -, O -positive O -pressures O -, O -and O -delivered O -oxygen B-Chemical -dilutions O -were O -monitored O -and O -recorded O -as O -functions O -of O -operational O -altitudes O -. O - -aps B-category -Biomedical O -aspects O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -regulator O -performance O -: O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -Large O -variations O -in O -outlet O -suction O -pressure O -and O -delivered O -oxygen B-Chemical -concentration O -accompanied O -the O -variable O -breathing O -modes O -of O -human O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Short O -- O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -finding O -that O -propionyl O -- O -CoA O -synthase O -and O -butyryl O -- O -CoA O -synthase O -had O -about O -the O -same O -distribution O -in O -the O -gradients O -as O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -synthase O -adds O -support O -to O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -mitochondria O -involved O -in O -the O -metabolism O -of O -these O -short O -- O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -all O -three O -of O -which O -have O -been O -shown O -to O -result O -in O -a O -rapid O -and O -high O -labelling O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -in O -vivo O -) O -form O -a O -distinct O -subpopulation O -of O -the O -total O -mitochondrial O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -for O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -malate I-Chemical -oxidation O -and O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurements O -of O -the O -leads O -to O -H O -+ O -/ O -2e O -- O -ratio O -with O -formate O -as O -the O -reductant O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -or O -NO3 O -- O -as O -the O -oxidant O -were O -complicated O -by O -pH O -changes O -associated O -with O -formate O -uptake O -and O -CO2 O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -calculated O -rate O -of O -nitrate B-Chemical -entry O -at O -the O -concentration O -typically O -used O -for O -the O -assay O -of O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -7 O -. O -99 O -. O -4 O -) O -activity O -was O -about O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -of O -that O -required O -to O -support O -the O -observed O -rate O -of O -nitrate B-Chemical -reduction O -by O -reduced O -Benzyl O -Viologen O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -azide O -on O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -was O -not O -altered O -by O -treatments O -that O -modify O -pH O -gradients O -across O -the O -cytoplasmic O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -consequences O -of O -this O -location O -for O -mechanisms O -of O -proton O -translocation O -driven O -by O -nitrate B-Chemical -reduction O -are O -discussed O -, O -and O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -proposal O -that O -the O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -of O -the O -cytoplasmic O -membrane O -is O -vectorial O -, O -reducing O -nitrate B-Chemical -on O -the O -outer O -aspect O -of O -the O -membrane O -with O -2H O -+ O -and O -2e O -- O -that O -have O -crossed O -from O -the O -inner O -aspect O -of O -the O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -( O -50 O -i O -. O -u O -. O -/ O -ml O -) O -the O -bulk O -of O -the O -membranes O -was O -found O -in O -zone O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -to O -the O -membranes O -was O -shown O -to O -result O -in O -the O -conversion O -of O -inactive O -protochlorophyll O -( O -ide O -) O -absorbing O -at O -about O -630 O -nm O -into O -a O -form O -( O -s O -) O -with O -light O -- O -absorption O -maxima O -at O -about O -640 O -and O -652 O -nm O -, O -both O -of O -which O -disappear O -when O -chlorophyll O -( O -ide O -) O -is O -formed O -on O -illumination O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -of O -fumarate O -and O -malate B-Chemical -, O -which O -share O -the O -succinate O -- O -transport O -system O -, O -is O -also O -accompanied O -by O -the O -uptake O -of O -approximately O -two O -protons O -per O -molecule O -of O -fumarate O -or O -malate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -uptake O -of O -dicarboxylic O -acids O -by O -the O -dicarboxylic O -acid O -- O -transport O -system O -is O -obligatorily O -coupled O -to O -proton O -uptake O -such O -that O -succinate O -, O -malate B-Chemical -and O -fumarate O -are O -taken O -up O -in O -electroneutral O -form O -and O -asparate O -is O -taken O -up O -in O -cationic O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -GSH O -concentration O -of O -rabbit O -erythrocytes O -was O -monitored O -under O -conditions O -of O -large O -net O -transport O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -phenylalane O -and O -lysine O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -- O -gamma O -- O -glutamylcyclotransferase O -pathway O -does O -not O -participate O -in O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -by O -these O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -activity O -of O -Acetobacter O -xylinum O -cells O -grown O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -the O -same O -as O -of O -cells O -grown O -on O -intermediates O -of O -the O -tricarboxylic O -acid O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -Reaction O -rates O -with O -the O -purified O -enzyme O -were O -hyperbolic O -functions O -of O -both O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -and O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -inhibition O -is O -competitive O -with O -respect O -to O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -( O -Ki O -= O -0 O -. O -9 O -mM O -) O -and O -non O -- O -competitive O -with O -respect O -to O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -flux O -through O -the O -tricarboxylic O -acid O -cycle O -in O -A O -. O -xylinum O -is O -regulated O -by O -modulation O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -activity O -in O -response O -to O -the O -energy O -state O -of O -the O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -difference O -in O -molecular O -weight O -was O -confirmed O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -/ O -polyacrylamide O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydrolytic O -and O -transfer O -reactions O -catalysed O -by O -rat O -kidney O -- O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -. O -2 O -) O -were O -studied O -in O -vitro O -with O -substrates O -[ O -U O -- O -14C O -] O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labelled I-Chemical -glutathione B-Chemical -and O -methionine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Michaelis O -constant O -for O -glutathione B-Chemical -in O -hydrolysis O -was O -13 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -4 O -mum O -, O -for O -glutathione B-Chemical -in O -transfer O -it O -was O -113 O -+ O -/ O -- O -15 O -muM O -and O -for O -methionine B-Chemical -as O -substrate O -it O -was O -4 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -reported O -to O -lie O -on O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -surface O -of O -the O -proximal O -straight O -kidney O -tubule O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -a O -particular O -porphyrin O -to O -dimerize O -appears O -to O -parallel O -that O -of O -the O -corresponding O -iron B-Chemical -( O -III O -) O -complexes O -( O -ferrihaems O -) O -, O -although O -it O -is O -thought O -that O -ferrihaems O -do O -not O -exhibit O -further O -aggregation O -under O -these O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Cytoplasmic O -granules O -were O -isolated O -from O -horse O -blood O -polymorphonuclear O -leucocytes O -by O -the O -heparin B-Chemical -method O -and O -extracted O -with O -0 O -. O -9 O -% O -NaCl B-Chemical -by O -repeated O -freezing O -. O - -aps B-category -Gel O -filtration O -, O -density O -- O -gradient O -centrifugation O -, O -isoelectric O -focusing O -and O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -/ O -polyacrylamide O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -and O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -were O -used O -to O -determine O -molecular O -parameters O -of O -proteinases O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -proteinases O -( O -2A O -and O -2B O -) O -purified O -from O -the O -granular O -fraction O -of O -horse O -blood O -leucocytes O -degrade O -casein O -( O -Km O -values O -12 O -. O -8 O -and O -6mg O -/ O -ml O -respectively O -) O -with O -maximum O -activity O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -2m B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Proteinase O -2A O -rather O -insensitive O -to O -iodination O -by O -IC1 O -as O -is O -pancreatic O -elastase O -, O -whereas O -proteinase O -2B O -is O -totally O -inactivated O -after O -incorporation O -of O -five O -iodine B-Chemical -atoms O -per O -enzyme O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetyl O -- O -Coa O -carboxylase O -from O -lactating O -- O -rabbit O -mammary O -gland O -was O -purified O -to O -homogeneity O -by O -the O -criterion O -of O -polyacrylamide O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -enzyme O -had O -a O -specific O -activity O -of O -5 O -. O -15 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -3 O -mumol O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -incorporated O -/ O -min O -per O -mg O -of O -protein O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -S O -. O -E O -. O -M O -. O - -aps B-category -Short O -incubation O -were O -used O -in O -the O -radio O -- O -chemical O -assay O -to O -avoid O -substantial O -loss O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -NADP O -+ O -, O -the O -enzyme O -was O -not O -activated O -by O -P1 O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -the O -activation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -when O -NAD O -+ O -was O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -changes O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -ATP O -citrate B-Chemical -lyase O -, O -which O -mirrored O -acetate O -incorporation O -, O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -on O -acetate O -corporation O -into O -lipid O -suggests O -that O -some O -of O -the O -lipid O -synthesis O -occurs O -via O -intramitochondrial O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -production O -from O -acetate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -broadly O -agreed O -with O -the O -changes O -in O -lipid O -synthesis O -, O -whereas O -the O -activity O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -was O -barely O -sufficient O -to O -account O -for O -the O -rates O -of O -lipid O -synthesis O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -a O -role O -for O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -monophosphate O -in O -the O -increased O -phosphorylation O -observed O -on O -application O -of O -electrical O -pulses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulating O -effects O -of O -electrical O -pulses O -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -on O -protein O -phosphorylation O -were O -antagonized O -by O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -, O -dichloroisoprenaline O -, O -practolol O -and O -ICI O -66082 O -, O -but O -not O -by O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -, O -phentolamine B-Chemical -and O -phenoxybenzamine O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -postulated O -that O -under O -the O -experimental O -conditions O -used O -the O -action O -of O -electrical O -pulses O -on O -protein O -phosphorylation O -is O -mediated O -by O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -acting O -through O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -mechanism O -probably O -involving O -adenylate O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -ADP O -was O -shown O -to O -inhibit O -phosphoglycerate O -- O -dependent O -O2 O -evolution O -in O -a O -simplified O -reconstituted O -chloroplast O -system O -containing O -3 O -- O -phosphoglycerate O -kinase O -and O -triose O -phosphate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -are O -discussed O -in O -terms O -of O -control O -by O -ADP O -of O -phosphoglycerate O -- O -dependent O -oxygen B-Chemical -evolution O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyruvate O -dehydrogenase O -phosphate B-Chemical -phosphatase O -activity O -in O -rat O -epididymal O -fat O -- O -pads O -was O -measured O -by O -using O -pig O -heart O -pyruvate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -[ O -32P O -] O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -decreased O -inducibility O -by O -insulin O -and O -cortisol B-Chemical -as O -a O -function O -of O -gestational O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -the O -activities O -of O -the O -enzymes O -of O -hepatic O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidation O -during O -development O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Electron O -paramagnetic O -resonance O -studies O -on O -the O -reduction O -of O -the O -components O -of O -complex O -I O -and O -transhydrogenase O -- O -inhibited O -complex O -I O -by O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Fructose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -as O -an O -alternative O -substrate O -for O -aldolase O -and O -fructose O -- O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxygen O -inhibition O -of O -nitroreductase O -: O -electron O -transfer O -from O -nitro O -radical O -- O -anions O -to O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dopaminergic O -neurons O -- O -alteration O -in O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -to O -inhibition O -by O -endovenous O -dopamine B-Chemical -after O -cessation O -of O -impulse O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymatic O -defluorination O -of O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -indicated O -that O -the O -enzyme O -was O -composed O -of O -subunits O -with O -molecular O -weights O -calculated O -to O -be O -75 O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Double O -reciprocal O -plots O -of O -the O -initial O -velocity O -against O -the O -concentration O -of O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -thymidine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -gave O -two O -apparent O -Km O -values O -of O -0 O -. O -17 O -and O -1 O -. O -3 O -mM O -, O -suggesting O -the O -presence O -of O -at O -least O -two O -active O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -Complete O -tyrosine B-Chemical -assignments O -in O -the O -high O -- O -field O -1H O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -spectrum O -of O -bovine O -pancreatic O -trypsin O -inhibitor O -selectively O -reduced O -and O -carboxamidomethylated O -at O -cystine O -14 O -- O -38 O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -these O -revised O -results O -with O -the O -new O -data O -for O -derivatives O -with O -modified O -cystine O -14 O -- O -38 O -reveals O -no O -changes O -in O -pK O -' O -s O -for O -any O -tyrosine B-Chemical -or O -nitrotyrosing O -ring O -and O -no O -changes O -in O -chemical O -shift O -for O -resonances O -of O -nitrotyrosine B-Chemical -21 O -or O -tyrosines O -21 O -and O -23 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -dependence O -of O -the O -conformation O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -peptides O -by O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -: O -cis O -- O -trans O -isomerism O -of O -proline O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -observation O -has O -been O -made O -for O -( O -Asn1 O -, O -Val5 O -) O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -and O -Val O -- O -Tyr O -- O -Val O -- O -His O -- O -Pro O -- O -Phe O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -shown O -two O -expected O -impurities O -, O -[ O -beta O -- O -Asp1 O -, O -Val5 O -] O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -and O -[ O -Asn1 O -, O -3 O -- O -Bzl O -- O -Ty4 O -, O -Val5 O -] O -- O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -, O -to O -be O -absent O -, O -and O -a O -third O -impurity O -[ O -Asn1 O -, O -Val5 O -, O -D O -- O -His6 O -] O -angiostensin O -II O -, O -to O -be O -present O -at O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -2 O -. O -1 O -mol O -% O -, O -too O -little O -to O -account O -for O -the O -observed O -amount O -( O -12 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -% O -) O -of O -minor O -conformation O -. O - -aps B-category -Stereochemical O -analysis O -of O -the O -elimination O -reaction O -catalyzed O -by O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -D O -- O -erythro O -- O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -threo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloro I-Chemical -( O -2 O -- O -3H O -) O -butyrate O -have O -been O -shown O -to O -yield O -( O -3R O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -keto O -( O -3 O -- O -3H O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -butyrate O -predominantly O -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -decompression O -under O -nitrogen B-Chemical -technique O -was O -found O -to O -be O -the O -most O -efficient O -and O -gentle O -method O -for O -cell O -disruption O -. O - -aps B-category -Marker O -enzyme O -assays O -and O -pulse O -labeling O -experiments O -with O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyl I-Chemical -[ O -14C O -] O -tryptamine O -and O -[ O -125I O -] O -thrombin O -on O -prepared O -subcellular O -fractions O -confirmed O -that O -the O -soluble O -, O -plasma O -membrane O -and O -the O -granule O -- O -1 O -fractions O -were O -all O -in O -reasonably O -pure O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -mitochondrial O -fractions O -were O -isolated O -in O -0 O -. O -25 O -M O -sucrose B-Chemical -without O -additions O -, O -Ca2 O -+ O -in O -vitro O -increased O -succinate O -supported O -pregnenolone O -production O -rates O -in O -mitochondrial O -fractions O -isolated O -from O -control O -testes O -to O -a O -greater O -extent O -than O -in O -mitochondrial O -fractions O -, O -from O -luteinizing O -hormone O -treated O -testes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subcellular O -localizations O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -and O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -cyclic I-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -in O -sea O -urchin O -sperm O -were O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -nucleotide B-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -in O -the O -plasma O -membrane O -fraction O -as O -well O -as O -the O -axonemal O -fraction O -hydrolyzed O -both O -cyclic O -GMP O -and O -cyclic O -AMP O -; O -however O -, O -the O -rates O -of O -hydrolysis O -for O -cyclic O -GMP O -were O -obviously O -higher O -than O -those O -for O -cyclic O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -citrate B-Chemical -was O -present O -in O -the O -growth O -medium O -( O -as O -it O -is O -in O -some O -commonly O -used O -basal O -media O -) O -the O -growth O -of O -some O -of O -the O -E O -. O -coli O -K12 O -mutants O -on O -shikimate O -was O -further O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -6 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -2 O -, O -4 O -, O -5 O -- O -triaminopyrimidine O -synthesis O -by O -riboflavin B-Chemical -and O -iron B-Chemical -in O -riboflavin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -mutants O -of O -Pichia O -guilliermondii O -yeast O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -riboflavin B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -6 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -2 O -, O -4 O -, O -5 O -- O -triaminopyrimidine O -synthesis O -rate O -in O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -rich I-Chemical -and O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -cells O -of O -mutants O -with O -low O -riboflavin B-Chemical -requirements O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -6 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -2 O -, O -4 O -, O -5 O -- O -triaminopyrimidine O -synthesis O -rate O -in O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -cells O -was O -significantly O -higher O -than O -in O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -rich I-Chemical -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -first O -enzyme O -of O -flavinogenesis O -( O -guanylic O -cyclohydrolase O -) O -is O -under O -the O -control O -of O -feedback O -inhibition O -by O -flavins O -and O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -this O -enzyme O -is O -regulated O -by O -iron B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -Km O -values O -for O -dihydrofolate O -in O -enzymes O -from O -the O -three O -strains O -were O -in O -the O -range O -of O -4 O -. O -8 O -- O -- O -7 O -. O -2 O -muM O -and O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -6 O -. O -5 O -- O -- O -8 O -. O -0 O -muM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -resistance O -to O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -appears O -to O -be O -a O -direct O -result O -of O -the O -increased O -dihydrofolate O -reductase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cell O -extract O -of O -the O -AMr O -strain O -possessed O -a O -folate B-Chemical -reductase O -activity O -three O -times O -higher O -than O -that O -of O -the O -sensitive O -strain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -in O -the O -resistant O -strain O -was O -strictly O -glucose B-Chemical -dependent O -, O -whereas O -in O -the O -sensitive O -parent O -about O -16 O -% O -accumulation O -occurred O -in O -absence O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -of O -folate B-Chemical -exhibited O -a O -slightly O -increased O -Km O -value O -as O -compared O -to O -that O -of O -the O -sensitive O -strain O -, O -whereas O -the O -uptake O -activity O -velocity O -was O -in O -the O -same O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -increase O -in O -the O -apparent O -Km O -value O -for O -amethopterin O -in O -the O -resistant O -strain O -, O -the O -affinity O -of O -the O -carrier O -for O -methyltetrahydrofolate O -was O -apparently O -unchanged O -, O -whereas O -the O -V O -value O -was O -about O -16 O -times O -lower O -than O -that O -in O -the O -sensitive O -strain O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -micelles O -of O -cetyltrimethylammonium O -bromide B-Chemical -or O -Triton O -X O -have O -little O -or O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -pK O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -diferric O -transferrin O -was O -partially O -labeled O -with O -59Fe O -at O -low O -or O -neutral O -pH O -( O -chemically O -labeled O -) O -and O -by O -replacement O -of O -diferric O -iron B-Chemical -previously O -donated O -to O -rabbit O -reticulocytes O -( O -biologically O -labeled O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -dependent O -iron B-Chemical -dissociation O -studies O -of O -biologically O -labeled O -transferrin O -solutions O -indicated O -that O -Fe3 O -+ O -, O -bound O -at O -the O -site O -from O -which O -the O -metal O -was O -initially O -utilized O -by O -the O -cells O -, O -dissociated O -between O -pH O -5 O -. O -8 O -and O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -each O -human O -transferrin O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -site O -has O -different O -acid O -- O -base O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -properties O -which O -could O -be O -related O -to O -the O -observed O -heterogenic O -rabbit O -reticulocyte O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -donating I-Chemical -properties O -of O -human O -transferrin O -and O -identifies O -that O -the O -near O -neutral O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -site O -initially O -surrenders O -its O -iron B-Chemical -to O -these O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfur I-Chemical -proteins O -of O -the O -green O -photosynthetic O -bacterium O -Chlorobium O -have O -been O -characterized O -by O -oxidation O -- O -reduction O -potentiometry O -in O -conjunction O -with O -low O -- O -temperature O -electron O -paramagnetic O -resonance O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -high O -- O -potential O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfur I-Chemical -protein O -was O -not O -detected O -in O -the O -chromatophores O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -is O -the O -" O -Rieske O -" O -type O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfur I-Chemical -protein O -with O -a O -g O -- O -value O -of O -1 O -. O -90 O -in O -the O -reduced O -state O -; O -the O -protein O -has O -a O -midpoint O -potential O -of O -+ O -160 O -mV O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -) O -, O -and O -this O -potential O -is O -pH O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -possible O -role O -for O -the O -latter O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfur I-Chemical -protein O -in O -the O -primary O -photochemical O -reaction O -in O -Chlorobium O -is O -considered O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -excitation O -spectrum O -of O -the O -isolated O -protein O -and O -of O -the O -intact O -mitochondria O -are O -indicative O -of O -an O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -at O -the O -cation O -binding O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -tRNA O -on O -yeast O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arabino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -heptulosonate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -DAHP O -) O -synthase O -( O -EC O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O -15 O -) O -has O -been O -reinvestigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -enzyme O -requires O -a O -metal O -ion O -( O -Co2 O -+ O -) O -we O -suggest O -that O -the O -RNA O -and O -heparin B-Chemical -are O -inhibitory O -by O -virtue O -of O -their O -capacity O -to O -chelate O -the O -Co2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -with O -cholesterol B-Chemical -monolayers O -. O - -aps B-category -Amino O -acid O -stimulation O -of O -ATP O -cleavage O -by O -two O -Ehrlich O -cell O -membrane O -preparations O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -of O -these O -, O -previously O -described O -, O -shows O -little O -( O -Na O -+ O -+ O -K O -+ O -) O -- O -ATPase O -activity O -, O -and O -is O -characteristicallly O -stimulated O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -certain O -diamino O -acids O -with O -low O -pK2 O -, O -and O -at O -pH O -values O -suggesting O -that O -the O -cationic O -forms O -of O -these O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -are O -effective O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -also O -is O -stimulated O -by O -the O -model O -diamino O -acid O -, O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylpiperidine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboxylic I-Chemical -acid O -, O -and O -several O -ordinary O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -list O -of O -stimulatory O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -again O -corresponds O -poorly O -to O -any O -single O -transport O -system O -, O -although O -the O -possibility O -was O -not O -excluded O -that O -stimulation O -might O -occur O -for O -both O -preparations O -by O -occupation O -of O -a O -membrane O -site O -which O -ordinarily O -is O -kinetically O -silent O -in O -the O -transport O -sequence O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Biosynthesis O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -mouse O -brain O -mitochondria O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -malonyl O -- O -CoA O -or O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Cofactor O -requirements O -have O -been O -studied O -: O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -have O -been O -tested O -; O -ATP O -increases O -biosynthesis O -and O -CoA O -causes O -an O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -all O -four O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphates O -and O -Mg2 O -+ O -ions O -is O -necessary O -for O -the O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -different O -products O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -and O -Mn2 O -+ O -and O -Co2 O -+ O -as O -cofactors O -is O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -activity O -of O -carboanhydrase O -is O -3 O -muM O -/ O -min O -- O -mg O -of O -protein O -under O -the O -concentration O -of O -CO2 O -of O -4 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -, O -appearing O -Michelis O -constant O -being O -4 O -. O -9 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -. O -The O -enzyme O -was O -stabilized O -with O -10 O -mM O -of O -cisteine O -, O -its O -activity O -was O -inhibited O -by O -50 O -% O -with O -sulphanylamide O -( O -1 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -( O -8 O -- O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -) O -and O -Cl O -- O -ions O -( O -5 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -of O -HDC O -RD O -spectra O -at O -the O -regions O -of O -peptide O -bonds O -and O -aromatic O -acids O -absorption O -at O -different O -temperatures O -has O -shown O -that O -a O -part O -of O -triptophane O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -phenylalanine O -residues O -is O -in O -an O -ordered O -structure O -of O -the O -alpha O -- O -helix O -type O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -M O -guanidine O -chloride B-Chemical -eliminates O -the O -ordered O -HDC O -structure O -, O -while O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulphate O -at O -concentrations O -up O -to O -1 O -% O -does O -not O -affect O -the O -enzyme O -structure O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -- O -Optimum O -is O -found O -to O -be O -7 O -. O -9 O -and O -8 O -. O -2 O -under O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -cbs O -- O -Gly O -- O -Leu O -and O -hyppuryl O -- O -arg O -respectively O -, O -temperature O -optimum O -- O -- O -60 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -enzyme O -splits O -more O -efficiently O -basic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -leucine B-Chemical -from O -N O -- O -terminal O -- O -protected O -dipeptides O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Soluble O -, O -nuclear O -and O -mitochondrial O -forms O -of O -dehydrogenases O -, O -pentose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -pathway O -transferases O -and O -nucleases O -in O -chicken O -liver O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -the O -riboflavin B-Chemical -kinase O -of O -the O -yeast O -Pichia O -guilliermondii O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Km O -for O -riboflavin B-Chemical -was O -1 O -, O -0x10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -, O -for O -ATP O -- O -- O -6 O -, O -7X10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -. O -Riboflavin O -kinase O -catalyzed O -the O -phosphorylation O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -analogues O -with O -the O -substitution O -of O -methyl O -groups O -at O -positions O -7 O -and O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -Purified O -riboflavin B-Chemical -kinase O -was O -stable O -under O -storage O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -concentration O -increased O -considerably O -the O -rate O -of O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -decarboxylase O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Resting O -bone O -marrow O -lymphocytes O -, O -recongised O -as O -small O -lymphocytes O -by O -light O -microscopy O -, O -were O -labelled O -by O -the O -complete O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -labelling O -technique O -, O -enriched O -by O -fractionation O -on O -a O -discontinuous O -albumin O -gradient O -and O -investigated O -for O -their O -stem O -cell O -properties O -by O -culture O -in O -diffusion O -chambers O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -the O -electric O -dipole O -vector O -of O -human O -serum O -albumin O -due O -to O -complexing O -with O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -New O -methods O -of O -analysis O -of O -the O -frequency O -dispersion O -of O -the O -dielectric O -constant O -were O -developed O -to O -ascertain O -if O -molecular O -shape O -changes O -also O -accompany O -the O -complexing O -with O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -from O -soluion O -in O -small O -amounts O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -appears O -to O -form O -a O -complex O -indistinguishable O -from O -the O -" O -native O -" O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -generalized O -depression O -of O -protein O -synthesis O -in O -all O -the O -structures O -, O -except O -the O -medulla O -oblongata O -, O -followed O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -administration O -in O -one O -and O -three O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -on O -the O -electrical O -and O -contractile O -properties O -of O -smooth O -muscle O -cells O -in O -the O -pulmonary O -artery O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -NADH O -formed O -during O -the O -oxidation O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -malate B-Chemical -can O -be O -used O -for O -hydroxylation O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Activity O -of O -NAD O -- O -and O -NADP O -- O -dependent O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -isoenzymes O -in O -the O -myocardium O -of O -rabbits O -with O -alloxan O -diabetes O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -was O -made O -of O -the O -influence O -of O -ciproheptadin O -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -histamine B-Chemical -inhibitor O -, O -on O -the O -effects O -of O -exo O -- O -and O -endogenous O -bradykinin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -( O -ATPase O -) O -activated O -by O -Mg2 O -+ O -or O -Ca2 O -+ O -ions O -was O -detected O -in O -single O -mechanoreceptors O -( O -Pacini O -' O -s O -corpuscles O -) O -of O -cat O -; O -addition O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -to O -Mg O -- O -ATP O -- O -ase O -increased O -the O -activity O -by O -the O -factor O -of O -1 O -. O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -cytoplasmic O -dehydrogenases O -of O -the O -adrenal O -cells O -was O -examined O -during O -the O -prolonged O -injections O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -to O -Wistar O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -the O -rats O -of O -corticosterone B-Chemical -synthesis O -and O -dehydrogenase O -activities O -were O -phasic O -in O -character O -; O -they O -included O -an O -initial O -synchronic O -activation O -the O -first O -two O -days O -with O -its O -subsequent O -decrease O -( O -7 O -days O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -injections O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -hypercapnia O -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -metabolism O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminotranspherase I-Chemical -and O -of O -tryptophane O -- O -oxygenase O -proved O -to O -increase O -in O -the O -liver O -; O -blood O -serum O -displayed O -a O -reduced O -concentration O -of O -free O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -free O -total O -tryptophane O -, O -but O -the O -level O -of O -free O -tryptophane O -obtained O -by O -dialysis O -proved O -to O -rise O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrical O -stimulation O -of O -the O -systems O -of O -positive O -reinforcement O -of O -the O -hypothalamus O -and O -the O -septum O -, O -and O -also O -analgetics O -increased O -the O -threshold O -of O -pain O -sensitivity O -, O -whereas O -d O -, O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -failed O -to O -influence O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -septal O -self O -- O -stimulation O -remained O -unaltered O -under O -the O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -promedol O -, O -phentanyl O -, O -but O -was O -decreased O -under O -the O -effect O -of O -pentazacine O -and O -increased O -against O -the O -background O -of O -d O -, O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -was O -made O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -a O -number O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -of O -various O -chemical O -structure O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxilase I-Chemical -isolated O -from O -the O -synaptosomes O -of O -rat O -hypothalamus O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -the O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -under O -study O -proved O -to O -be O -capable O -of O -eliminating O -the O -substrate O -inhibition O -of O -the O -enzyme O -occurring O -with O -a O -rise O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -concentration O -to O -0 O -. O -3 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -was O -assumed O -to O -be O -of O -allosteric O -nature O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -acted O -on O -the O -recipient O -' O -s O -radioresistant O -lymphoid O -cells O -effecting O -the O -allogeneic O -inhibition O -of O -stem O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Out O -of O -21 O -patients O -receiving O -methyldopa B-Chemical -alone O -only O -one O -had O -cold O -hands O -and O -feet O -whereas O -among O -patients O -on O -beta O -- O -blockers O -the O -incidence O -was O -50 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -change O -from O -propranolol B-Chemical -to O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -in O -some O -symptomatic O -patients O -resulted O -in O -improvement O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extent O -of O -damage O -to O -each O -raphe O -nucleus O -was O -quantified O -histologically O -by O -means O -of O -a O -simplified O -formaldehyde O -histochemical O -method O -for O -visualization O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -in O -cryostat O -sections O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -that O -the O -rapid O -binding O -of O -newly O -accumulated O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -within O -synaptosomes O -involves O -synaptic O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -would O -appear O -that O -most O -, O -but O -possibly O -not O -all O -of O -the O -newly O -accumulated O -[ O -3H O -] O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -is O -rapidly O -bound O -to O -some O -particulate O -cytoplasmic O -constituent O -within O -the O -synaptosome O -. O - -aps B-category -Reserpinization O -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -, O -24 O -h O -before O -preparation O -) O -only O -slightly O -reduced O -the O -initial O -rate O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -synaptosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -findings O -with O -reserpinized O -preparations O -, O -it O -seems O -likely O -that O -( O -1 O -) O -the O -rapid O -intrasynaptosomal O -binding O -involves O -synaptic O -vesicles O -and O -( O -2 O -) O -the O -neuronal O -membrane O -transport O -system O -itself O -may O -be O -capable O -of O -driving O -the O -uptake O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -by O -nerve O -- O -terminals O -. O - -aps B-category -Time O -- O -course O -variations O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -the O -rat O -locus O -coeruleus O -after O -electrolytic O -destruction O -of O -the O -nuclei O -raphe O -dorsalis O -or O -raphe O -centralis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conjunction O -with O -other O -experimental O -evidences O -, O -an O -hypothesis O -is O -proposed O -that O -the O -catecholaminergic O -neurons O -located O -in O -the O -locus O -coeruleus O -are O -directly O -and O -/ O -or O -indirectly O -controlled O -by O -the O -serotonin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -neurons O -located O -in O -the O -anterior O -raphe O -system O -nuclei O -. O - -aps B-category -Protein O -phosphorylation O -in O -rat O -striatal O -slices O -: O -effects O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -other O -putative O -transmitters O -. O - -aps B-category -Genetic O -and O -developmental O -variation O -in O -mouse O -brain O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -( O -dB B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cAMP I-Chemical -) O -elicits O -a O -concentration O -- O -dependent O -stimulation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -the O -striatal O -and O -mesolimbic O -synaptosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -cAMP B-Chemical -does O -not O -stimulate O -soluble O -striatal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -unless O -it O -is O -added O -in O -combination O -with O -ATP O -and O -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -compounds O -required O -for O -the O -activity O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -protein O -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -dB B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cAMP I-Chemical -has O -the O -same O -effect O -on O -the O -kinetic O -state O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -synaptosomes O -as O -cAMP B-Chemical -on O -the O -soluble O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -cAMP B-Chemical -increases O -the O -affinity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -for O -the O -pteridine O -cofactor O -and O -concomitantly O -decreases O -the O -affinity O -for O -the O -end O -- O -product O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Activities O -of O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -( O -ChAC O -) O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -( O -GAD O -) O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -, O -enzymes O -catalyzing O -the O -synthesis O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -ACh O -) O -, O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -and O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -respectively O -, O -were O -measured O -in O -the O -cochlea O -and O -cochlear O -nucleus O -of O -the O -guinea O -pig O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -low O -GAD O -in O -the O -cochlea O -, O -GABA B-Chemical -is O -unlikely O -to O -be O -transmitter O -in O -the O -organ O -of O -Corti O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -3 O -- O -acetylpyridine O -on O -putative O -neurotransmitter O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -rat O -cerebellum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -was O -investigated O -that O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -is O -the O -excitatory O -transmitter O -released O -from O -the O -optic O -nerve O -terminals O -of O -the O -pigeon O -optic O -tectum O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -2 O -) O -Subcellular O -and O -autoradiographic O -studies O -indicated O -that O -10 O -- O -30 O -% O -of O -the O -exogenously O -accumulated O -L O -- O -[ O -3H O -] O -glutamate B-Chemical -was O -localized O -within O -synaptosomes O -, O -and O -that O -11 O -- O -15 O -% O -of O -the O -synaptosomes O -had O -been O -labelled O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -4 O -) O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and I-Chemical -noradrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -accumulating I-Chemical -synaptosomes O -were O -also O -associated O -with O -this O -subcellular O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -are O -discussed O -in O -relation O -to O -a O -possible O -role O -for O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -as O -the O -' O -optic O -nerve O -transmitter O -' O -and O -in O -the O -context O -of O -previous O -evidence O -implicating O -glutamate B-Chemical -as O -an O -excitatory O -transmitter O -. O - -aps B-category -Modification O -of O -the O -regulatory O -properties O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -of O -Neurospora O -by O -growth O -at O -elevated O -temperatures O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -growth O -at O -elevated O -temperatures O -induced O -a O -conformational O -change O -in O -the O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -leading O -to O -partial O -desensitization O -of O -the O -allosteric O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -compounds O -have O -been O -characterized O -by O -a O -variety O -of O -techniques O -as O -N2 O -, O -N2 O -- O -dimethylguanosine O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -pm2 O -/ O -2G O -) O -and O -3 O -- O -( O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboxypropyl I-Chemical -) O -uridine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -p4abu3U O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absence O -of O -p4abu3U O -in O -venom O -hydrolysates O -of O -yeast O -tRNA O -implies O -the O -absence O -of O -the O -corresponding O -nucleoside B-Chemical -in O -yeast O -tRNA O -, O -in O -agreement O -with O -existing O -data O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -demonstrate O -that O -resistance O -to O -5 O -' O -- O -nucleotidase O -is O -a O -necessary O -but O -not O -sufficient O -criterion O -for O -concluding O -that O -a O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -is O -O2 O -' O -- O -methylated O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -effect O -of O -some O -aliphatic O -amines B-Chemical -on O -yeast O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Aliphatic O -amines B-Chemical -either O -activate O -or O -inhibit O -the O -enzyme O -depending O -on O -whether O -the O -pH O -is O -greater O -or O -less O -than O -9 O -. O -5 O -suggesting O -that O -the O -protonated O -amines B-Chemical -activate O -and O -the O -nonprotonated O -amines B-Chemical -inhibit O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -both O -protonated O -and O -nonprotonated O -amines B-Chemical -are O -present O -in O -solution O -, O -either O -overall O -activation O -or O -inhibition O -will O -be O -observed O -depending O -on O -the O -relative O -concentration O -of O -the O -two O -amine B-Chemical -species O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -substrate O -specificity O -among O -nucleoside B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphates O -which O -included O -2 O -- O -deoxyribose O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethanol O -metabolism O -by O -the O -rat O -heart O -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Very O -sensitive O -techniques O -are O -required O -to O -separate O -the O -resulting O -14CO2 O -from O -the O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -studies O -suggest O -that O -NADP O -functions O -as O -a O -cofactor O -for O -the O -rat O -heart O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -of O -crude O -heart O -homogenates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -pH O -on O -rabbit O -atrial O -response O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Plots O -of O -the O -inverse O -of O -response O -against O -the O -inverse O -of O -concentration O -were O -linear O -; O -and O -from O -these O -plots O -were O -derived O -values O -fro O -the O -theoretical O -maximum O -response O -at O -' O -infinite O -' O -dose O -and O -for O -pH O -histamine B-Chemical -concentration O -required O -to O -evoke O -a O -half O -maximum O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -at O -pH O -below O -7 O -. O -0 O -the O -magnitude O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -response O -was O -reduced O -at O -all O -concentrations O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -probable O -that O -depression O -of O -adenyl O -cyclase O -activity O -rather O -than O -a O -specific O -change O -in O -ionization O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -receptor O -is O -responsible O -for O -a O -decreased O -response O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -9 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -system O -makes O -use O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -galactosidase O -activity O -of O -E O -. O -coli O -which O -hydrolyzes O -the O -phenolic O -derivative O -of O -beta O -- O -galactoside O -to O -galactose B-Chemical -and O -an O -aglycone O -moiety O -( O -4 O -- O -chloro O -- O -2 O -- O -cyclopentylphenol O -) O -which O -is O -toxic O -to O -E O -. O -coli O -but O -is O -tolerated O -by O -Shigella O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adsorption O -of O -the O -enzyme O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -4 O -) O -to O -clays O -followed O -the O -pattern O -described O -for O -other O -proteins O -as O -being O -pH O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -followed O -by O -a O -slower O -temperature O -- O -dependent O -fixation O -, O -probably O -by O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonding O -, O -which O -resulted O -in O -protein O -being O -irreversibly O -adsorbed O -to O -clay O -surfaces O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -proposal O -was O -based O -on O -the O -observed O -expansion O -of O -montmorillonite O -to O -23 O -A O -, O -and O -the O -decreases O -in O -amount O -of O -a O -second O -- O -protein O -lysozyme O -adsorbed O -with O -extended O -incubation O -times O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -- O -clay O -complexes O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Iron B-Chemical -and O -sulfur O -oxidation O -by O -Thiobacillus O -ferrooxidans O -as O -well O -as O -growth O -on O -ferrous O -iron B-Chemical -were O -inhibited O -by O -a O -variety O -of O -low O -molecular O -weight O -organic O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -also O -suggest O -that O -inhibitory O -organic O -compounds O -may O -( O -i O -) O -directly O -affect O -the O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxidizing I-Chemical -enzyme O -system O -, O -( O -ii O -) O -react O -abiologically O -with O -ferrous O -iron B-Chemical -outside O -the O -cell O -, O -( O -iii O -) O -interfere O -with O -the O -roles O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -sulfate O -in O -iron B-Chemical -oxidation O -, O -and O -( O -iv O -) O -nonselectively O -disrupt O -the O -cell O -envelope O -or O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -a O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -auxotroph O -glul O -, O -when O -grown O -in O -excess O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -demonstrated O -a O -fivefold O -increase O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -strongly O -product O -- O -inhibited O -by O -galactose B-Chemical -( O -Ki O -equals O -2 O -. O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -3 O -muM O -cortisol B-Chemical -on O -cell O -proliferation O -in O -rat O -glioma O -( O -strain O -C6 O -) O -monolayer O -cultures O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -epicortisol O -( O -the O -biologically O -inactive O -isomer O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -) O -in O -the O -culture O -medium O -did O -not O -alter O -the O -rate O -of O -log O -phase O -growth O -relative O -to O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -growth O -- O -inhibitory O -period O -, O -erythrosin O -B O -dye O -was O -excluded O -equally O -well O -( O -greater O -than O -94 O -% O -) O -by O -control O -and O -treated O -cells O -, O -and O -no O -morphological O -differences O -were O -detected O -by O -phase O -contrast B-Chemical -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -demonstrate O -that O -cortisol B-Chemical -at O -concentrations O -considered O -chemotherapeutic O -in O -vivo O -exerts O -a O -transient O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -C6 O -glioma O -cell O -proliferation O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -the O -dissimilar O -heat O -sensitivities O -of O -CTL O -and O -P815 O -cells O -, O -the O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -for O -inhibition O -of O -protein O -synthesis O -by O -heat O -, O -as O -indicated O -by O -[ O -3H O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -incorporation O -, O -were O -similar O -for O -both O -cell O -types O -: O -neither O -the O -depression O -of O -protein O -synthesis O -in O -heated O -CTL O -' O -s O -nor O -the O -decreased O -cytolytic O -ability O -of O -these O -cells O -was O -reversed O -within O -3 O -hr O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Testosterone B-Chemical -level O -in O -the O -plasma O -of O -boys O -with O -unilateral O -and O -bilateral O -eryptorchism O -during O -adolescence O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -versus O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -hypertension O -, O -hemodynamics O -, O -and O -plasms O -renin O -activity O -was O -evaluated O -in O -20 O -men O -. O - -aps B-category -Right O -heart O -catheterization O -was O -performed O -in O -all O -20 O -patients O -after O -two O -weeks O -of O -the O -first O -placebo O -and O -after O -five O -weeks O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -or O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Equipotent O -doses O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -caused O -similar O -hemodynamic O -effects O -including O -similar O -significant O -depression O -of O -cardiac O -index O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypotensive O -action O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -and O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -was O -unrelated O -to O -their O -effect O -on O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -radioisotope O -derivative O -method O -was O -developed O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -clomipramine B-Chemical -and O -desmethyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -clomipramine I-Chemical -in O -plasma O -or O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -[ O -3H O -] O -acetamide O -is O -separated O -from O -clomipramine B-Chemical -by O -thin O -- O -layer O -chromatography O -and O -its O -radioactivity O -is O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -urethane B-Chemical -is O -saponified O -and O -decarboxylated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -method O -is O -15 O -mug O -/ O -liter O -for O -clomipramine B-Chemical -and O -2 O -mug O -/ O -liter O -for O -desmethyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -clomipramine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -samples O -were O -quantitatively O -screened O -for O -the O -most O -commonly O -abused O -drugs O -, O -including O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -rapid O -, O -simple O -, O -and O -quantitative O -gas O -- O -chromatographic O -method O -for O -simultaneous O -analysis O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -sedatives O -( O -in O -two O -instruments O -) O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -serum O -that O -has O -been O -exposed O -to O -air O -. O - -aps B-category -Samples O -with O -total O -protein O -concentrations O -ranging O -from O -50 O -to O -90 O -g O -/ O -liter O -were O -equilibrated O -with O -CO2 O -in O -nitrogen B-Chemical -( O -5 O -/ O -95 O -, O -by O -vol O -) O -or O -CO2 O -alone O -, O -to O -produce O -pH O -values O -of O -7 O -. O -0 O -to O -8 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Curves O -relating O -pH O -and O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -had O -statistically O -identical O -slopes O -regardless O -of O -protein O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -a O -change O -was O -significantly O -less O -when O -blood O -was O -kept O -at O -4 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -rate O -of O -decrease O -in O -P50 O -was O -not O -changed O -when O -pH O -was O -altered O -by O -adding O -either O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -or O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -to O -the O -blood O -before O -incubation O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -for O -2 O -h O -. O -The O -erythrocyte O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -concentration O -of O -blood O -incubated O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -did O -not O -change O -by O -2 O -h O -, O -but O -had O -significantly O -decreased O -by O -4 O -h O -. O -To O -avoid O -in O -vitro O -changes O -, O -we O -recommend O -that O -P50 O -be O -determined O -as O -soon O -as O -possible O -for O -blood O -sampling O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -the O -concentration O -of O -erythrocyte O -folate B-Chemical -by O -means O -of O -competitive O -protein O -binding O -assay O -critically O -depends O -on O -the O -extraction O -procedure O -applied O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Compared O -efficiency O -of O -mean O -corpuscular O -volume O -( O -MCV O -) O -and O -serum O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -( O -gamma O -- O -GT O -) O -as O -screening O -tests O -for O -excess B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethanol I-Chemical -drinkers O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -gamma O -- O -GT O -thus O -seems O -a O -better O -test O -for O -the O -screening O -of O -an O -excessive O -ethanol B-Chemical -intake O -than O -MCV O -, O -especially O -when O -the O -subject O -has O -not O -been O -previously O -weaned O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -possible O -to O -separate O -metanephrine O -and O -normetanephrine B-Chemical -from O -urine O -for O -the O -automated O -fluorimetric O -routine O -determination O -by O -means O -of O -a O -combination O -of O -liquid O -- O -liquid O -partition O -with O -ethylacetate O -and O -clean O -- O -up O -of O -the O -extract O -through O -Amberlite O -XAD O -- O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -pH O -on O -iodine B-Chemical -substitution O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -skeletal O -muscle O -homogenates O -were O -found O -to O -contain O -enzymes O -that O -catalyze O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -beta O -- O -naphthylamides O -of O -leucine B-Chemical -, O -arginine O -and O -lysine O -, O -known O -substrates O -for O -neutral O -and O -basic O -arylamidases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -single O -oral O -doses O -of O -the O -cardioselective O -beta O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -drugs O -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -tolamolol O -, O -on O -specific O -airways O -resistance O -( O -SRaw O -) O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -practolol O -in O -6 O -healthy O -volunteers O -and O -in O -12 O -patients O -with O -bronchial O -asthma O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -normal O -subjects O -, O -about O -30 O -% O -reduction O -in O -exercise O -- O -induced O -tachycardia O -resulted O -from O -single O -doses O -of O -80 O -mg O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -plasma O -levels O -, O -50 O -. O -3 O -, O -SD O -, O -29 O -. O -5 O -to O -60 O -. O -8 O -, O -SD O -, O -26 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -) O -, O -250 O -mg O -practolol O -( O -plasma O -levels O -, O -1 O -. O -05 O -, O -SD O -, O -0 O -. O -32 O -to O -1 O -. O -10 O -, O -SD O -, O -0 O -. O -55 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -) O -, O -100 O -mg O -metoprolol B-Chemical -( O -plasma O -levels O -, O -137 O -, O -SD O -, O -111 O -to O -152 O -, O -SD O -, O -100 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -) O -, O -and O -100 O -mg O -tolamolol O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -practolol O -, O -and O -tolamolol O -may O -impair O -ventilatory O -function O -in O -asthmatics O -less O -than O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -that O -at O -high O -doses O -this O -difference O -may O -not O -be O -demonstrable O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -from O -six O -separate O -evaluations O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -30 O -mg O -in O -the O -sleep O -laboratory O -were O -combined O -to O -determine O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -the O -drug O -in O -inducing O -and O -maintaining O -sleep O -and O -its O -effects O -on O -sleep O -stages O -in O -a O -large O -sample O -of O -insomniac O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Carryover O -effectiveness O -of O -active O -metabolites O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -from O -one O -drug O -night O -to O -the O -next O -drug O -night O -and O -to O -withdrawl O -nights O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibacterial O -activity O -and O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -bacampicillin O -and O -ampicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Intestinal O -absorption O -of O -bacampicillin O -was O -found O -to O -be O -faster O -and O -more O -complete O -than O -that O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -, O -yielding O -an O -increase O -in O -bioavailability O -of O -30 O -% O -to O -40 O -% O -as O -measured O -by O -the O -area O -under O -serum O -levels O -curve O -, O -the O -urinary O -excretion O -and O -absorption O -rate O -constants O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -clinical O -trials O -are O -required O -to O -accurately O -assess O -the O -possible O -greater O -therapeutic O -effectiveness O -of O -bacampicillin O -than O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Phenobarbitone B-Chemical -in O -a O -dose O -of O -180 O -mg O -daily O -was O -administered O -to O -ten O -normal O -subjects O -for O -3 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -plasma O -LDL O -cholesterol B-Chemical -accounted O -for O -the O -increase O -in O -total O -plasma O -cholesterol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -changes O -were O -observed O -in O -total O -plasma O -triglycerides B-Chemical -, O -plasma O -very O -- O -low O -- O -density O -- O -lipoprotein O -( O -VLDL O -) O -triglycerides B-Chemical -, O -plasma O -VLDL O -cholesterol B-Chemical -or O -plasma O -VLDL O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -relationship O -was O -observed O -between O -changes O -in O -plasma O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -changes O -in O -antipyrine O -clearance O -. O - -aps B-category -Attempts O -to O -separate O -the O -enterocyte O -subcellular O -organelles O -, O -characterized O -by O -their O -marker O -enzymes O -, O -with O -isopycnic O -centrifugation O -were O -unsuccessful O -but O -good O -separation O -of O -peroxisomes O -, O -lysosomes O -and O -mitochondria O -was O -achieved O -by O -sedimentation O -through O -a O -shallow O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -with O -a O -super O -- O -imposed O -inverse O -gradient O -of O -low O -- O -molecular O -- O -weight O -dextran B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thirteen O -of O -the O -latter O -fifteen O -had O -circulatory O -failture O -and O -/ O -or O -acute O -hypoxia O -, O -and O -seven O -of O -nine O -in O -whom O -it O -was O -measured O -had O -plasma O -lactate B-Chemical -greater O -than O -9 O -mmol O -/ O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Monoamine O -oxidase O -activity O -in O -platelets O -prepared O -from O -the O -blood O -of O -patients O -with O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficiency I-Chemical -anaemia O -was O -significantly O -lowered O -when O -compared O -with O -that O -in O -platelets O -from O -normal O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Heat O -- O -in O -- O -activation O -studies O -showed O -that O -the O -platelet O -monoamine O -oxidase O -from O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -subjects O -was O -more O -labile O -to O -this O -treatment O -, O -when O -compared O -with O -the O -platelet O -enzyme O -from O -normal O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -studies O -with O -the O -14C O -- O -binding O -irreversible O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitor O -, O -deprenil O -, O -showed O -that O -the O -amount O -of O -enzyme O -capable O -of O -binding O -this O -inhibitor O -was O -lowered O -by O -48 O -% O -in O -platelets O -from O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -patients O -when O -compared O -with O -platelets O -from O -normal O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -iron B-Chemical -is O -necessary O -either O -for O -the O -synthesis O -of O -monoamine O -oxidase O -apoenzyme O -or O -is O -a O -cofactor O -for O -an O -enzyme O -which O -attaches O -flavin O -- O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -covalently O -to O -the O -monoamine O -oxidase O -apoenzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -poor O -correlation O -between O -clinical O -salicylate B-Chemical -toxicity O -and O -serum O -blood O -levels O -is O -reapproached O -in O -light O -of O -recent O -evidence O -linking O -clinical O -severity O -with O -initial O -volume O -of O -distribution O -( O -Vd O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -variables O -are O -serum O -protein O -binding O -and O -the O -pH O -- O -dependent O -ionized O -/ O -un O -- O -ionized O -ratio O -in O -the O -unbound O -salicylate B-Chemical -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -an O -alternative O -is O -sought O -to O -the O -inexact O -total O -serum O -salicylate B-Chemical -levels O -and O -the O -impractical O -CSF O -salicylate B-Chemical -levels O -for O -assessment O -of O -the O -severity O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -poisoning O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -serum O -unbound O -salicylate B-Chemical -concentration O -does O -not O -reflect O -CSF O -salicylate B-Chemical -concentration O -as O -a O -decrease O -in O -serum O -pH O -is O -elicited O -( O -CSF O -salicylate B-Chemical -actually O -increased O -as O -serum O -unbound O -salicylate B-Chemical -decreased O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Inosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -guanosine I-Chemical -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -phosphorylase O -activities O -in O -hepatopancreas O -of O -Helix O -pomatia O -( O -Gastropoda O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Activity O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -channel O -catfish O -tissues O -determined O -by O -an O -improved O -tissue O -assay O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -on O -transport O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -and O -H2O O -. O - -aps B-category -Circadian O -rhythms O -of O -brain O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -and O -swimming O -activity O -in O -the O -teleost O -, O -Fundulus O -grandis O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphokinase O -( O -CPK O -) O -activity O -in O -monozygotic O -twins O -discordant O -for O -schizophrenia O -: O -heritability O -of O -serum O -CPK O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Effective O -pain O -relief O -: O -comparative O -results O -with O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -in O -a O -new O -dose O -formulation O -, O -propoxyphene O -napsylate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetaminophen I-Chemical -combination O -, O -and O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -species O -and O -sex O -differences O -in O -oxidative O -drug O -metabolism O -did O -not O -correlate O -with O -measured O -concentrations O -of O -cytochromes O -P O -- O -450 O -or O -b5 O -or O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -activities O -, O -and O -have O -been O -attributed O -to O -differences O -in O -both O -KM O -and O -Vmax O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -antipsychotic O -drug O -, O -thioridazine B-Chemical -, O -was O -a O -component O -of O -nearly O -one O -- O -third O -of O -the O -combinations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -absence O -of O -benzene B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -small O -intestine O -was O -the O -only O -qualitative O -difference O -noticed O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -microsomes O -from O -rats O -fed O -a O -crude O -or O -a O -purified O -diet O -were O -compared O -by O -measureing O -their O -contents O -of O -protein O -, O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -, O -and O -cytochrome O -b5 O -, O -their O -rates O -of O -activity O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -NADH O -- O -cytochrome O -c O -reductases O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -P O -- O -450 O -reductase O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -lipid O -peroxidase O -, O -ethylmorphine O -N O -- O -demethylase O -, O -aniline O -hydroxylase O -, O -benzpyrene O -hydroxylase O -, O -and O -their O -substrate O -- O -binding O -spectra O -( O -ethylmorphine O -, O -hexobarbital O -, O -aniline O -, O -and O -ethyl O -isoyanide O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Microsomal O -levels O -of O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -were O -lowered O -by O -40 O -and O -20 O -% O -respectively O -, O -but O -levels O -of O -cytochrome O -b5 O -and O -NADH O -- O -cytochrome O -c O -reductase O -remained O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cytoplasmic O -enzyme O -from O -liver O -is O -dependent O -on O -NADPH B-Chemical -as O -cofactor O -and O -has O -an O -optimal O -pH O -of O -6 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -with O -daily O -doses O -of O -SKF O -525 O -- O -A O -for O -several O -days O -increased O -total O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -content O -up O -to O -5 O -- O -fold O -, O -which O -was O -more O -than O -induction O -with O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -, O -but O -this O -was O -evident O -only O -after O -destruction O -of O -the O -complex O -with O -ferricyanide O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -methylated O -metabolites O -B O -and O -D O -were O -formed O -from O -metabolites O -A O -and O -C O -, O -respectively O -, O -via O -catecholamine B-Chemical -intermediates O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -metabolites O -of O -tritium O -- O -labeled O -mazindol B-Chemical -were O -isolated O -from O -rat O -urine O -by O -the O -inverse O -isotope O -- O -dilution O -technique O -in O -which O -the O -labeled O -metabolites O -were O -synthesized O -by O -a O -second O -, O -smaller O -group O -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distribution O -of O -arabinosylcytosine O -( O -ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -) O -and O -its O -metabolites O -has O -been O -measured O -in O -the O -liver O -, O -small O -intestine O -, O -spleen O -, O -and O -kidney O -of O -mice O -inoculated O -ip O -5 O -- O -6 O -days O -earlier O -with O -L1210 O -leukemia O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -half O -- O -life O -was O -not O -correlated O -with O -the O -deoxycytidine O -deaminase O -activity O -in O -the O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -deoxycytidine O -kinase O -, O -but O -not O -of O -deoxycytidine O -deaminase O -, O -in O -host O -tissues O -of O -mice O -inoculated O -with O -L1210 O -leukemic O -cells O -sensitive O -to O -ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -were O -greater O -than O -in O -those O -of O -normal O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -infiltration O -of O -leukemic O -cells O -containing O -high O -kinase O -activities O -into O -the O -host O -tissues O -accounted O -for O -most O -, O -if O -not O -all O -, O -of O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -level O -in O -these O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -useful O -medication O -at O -present O -is O -the O -stimulant O -group O -of O -drugs O -, O -particularly O -dextroamphetamine O -and O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -non O -- O -selective O -and O -a O -beta1 O -- O -selective O -blocker O -may O -have O -different O -haemodynamic O -effects O -when O -the O -levels O -of O -circulating O -adrenaline B-Chemical -are O -high O -, O -because O -of O -their O -markedly O -different O -potency O -in O -inhibiting O -the O -beta2 O -- O -mediated O -vasodilator O -effect O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -For O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -alprenolol O -this O -degradation O -is O -partly O -compensated O -for O -by O -the O -formation O -of O -active O -metabolites O -, O -the O -4 O -- O -OH O -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -beta O -- O -blockade O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -are O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -K O -+ O -values O -tend O -to O -rise O -slightly O -on O -beta O -- O -blocking O -therapy O -; O -small O -increases O -in O -serum O -urea B-Chemical -and O -creatinine B-Chemical -also O -occur O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -receptor O -blockade O -, O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -antagonists O -may O -in O -high O -concentrations O -inhibit O -neuronal O -uptake O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -; O -inhibit O -monoamine O -oxidase O -; O -inhibit O -the O -uptake O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -into O -transmitter O -storage O -vesicles O -and O -inhibit O -the O -extraneuronal O -uptake O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -antagonists O -possess O -adrenergic O -neurone O -blocking O -activity O -and O -quinidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -or O -local O -anaesthetic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -studies O -of O -the O -acute O -and O -chronic O -effects O -of O -treatment O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -hypertensive O -patients O -showed O -that O -the O -antihypertensive O -action O -of O -the O -drug O -was O -of O -later O -onset O -than O -the O -initial O -cardio O -- O -depressant O -and O -renin O -- O -suppressive O -effects O -and O -had O -little O -relationship O -to O -the O -pre O -- O -treatment O -levels O -of O -treatment O -- O -induced O -changes O -in O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -( O -PRA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Again O -, O -in O -animal O -experiments O -, O -although O -a O -range O -of O -different O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -blocking O -agents O -induced O -decreases O -in O -both O -blood O -pressure O -and O -PRA O -, O -the O -hypotensive O -effects O -of O -pindolol B-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -a O -rise O -in O -PRA O -. O - -aps B-category -Renin O -and O -aldosterone B-Chemical -as O -components O -of O -their O -antihypertensive O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -higher O -doses O -, O -changes O -in O -PV O -were O -inconsistent O -and O -reductions O -in O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -( O -PRA O -) O -and O -24 O -- O -hour O -aldosterone B-Chemical -excretion O -( O -AE O -) O -not O -closely O -related O -to O -BP O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -combination O -of O -a O -beta O -- O -blocker O -, O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -a O -vasodilator O -produced O -a O -reduction O -in O -both O -systolic O -( O -24 O -% O -) O -and O -diastolic O -( O -12 O -% O -) O -pressure O -, O -as O -well O -as O -in O -heart O -rate O -( O -18 O -% O -) O -, O -during O -isometric O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -combination O -will O -control O -the O -blood O -pressure O -in O -most O -patients O -, O -but O -a O -few O -remain O -refractory O -to O -maximum O -doses O -and O -will O -require O -treatment O -with O -oral O -diazoxide O -or O -minoxidil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -comparison O -of O -the O -therapeutic O -effects O -of O -three O -molecules O -belonging O -to O -the O -substituted O -benzamide B-Chemical -family O -allows O -the O -following O -observations O -: O -- O -- O -the O -three O -products O -are O -generally O -well O -tolerated O -by O -the O -organism O -; O -- O -- O -at O -sufficient O -doses O -they O -act O -as O -a O -major O -tranquilizers O -: O -- B-Chemical -sulpiride I-Chemical -is O -chiefly O -a O -disinhibitor O -but O -also O -has O -antipsychotic O -properties O -; O -- O -sultopride O -is O -at O -first O -somewhat O -sedative O -, O -especially O -when O -given O -parenterally O -, O -then O -antipsychotic O -, O -and O -little O -by O -little O -desinhibiting O -; O -- O -GRI O -16 O -- O -65 O -is O -" O -soothing O -" O -, O -" O -euphoriant O -" O -, O -" O -sociabilizing O -" O -, O -as O -well O -as O -antipsychotic O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dosage O -of O -the O -whole O -tryptophan B-Chemical -and O -of O -the O -free O -tryptophan B-Chemical -was O -conducted O -in O -16 O -normal O -subjects O -to O -establish O -reference O -values O -and O -in O -12 O -schizophrenic O -subjects O -among O -whom O -7 O -were O -under O -treatment O -and O -5 O -were O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -give O -mean O -values O -for O -the O -free O -tryptophan B-Chemical -and O -for O -the O -ratio O -of O -the O -free O -tryptophan B-Chemical -to O -the O -whole O -tryptophan B-Chemical -values O -that O -are O -higher O -in O -the O -schizophrenics O -than O -in O -the O -normal O -subjects O -used O -as O -reference O -, O -while O -the O -whole O -tryptophan B-Chemical -seems O -to O -be O -little O -modified O -; O -this O -increase O -is O -more O -noticeable O -in O -the O -schizophrenics O -under O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -some O -figures O -for O -the O -free O -tryptophan B-Chemical -being O -very O -much O -higher O -than O -the O -mean O -value O -in O -some O -schizophrenics O -, O -suggest O -ways O -of O -research O -for O -understanding O -the O -pathogenisis O -of O -schizophrenia O -and O -the O -mechanisms O -of O -the O -therapeutic O -action O -of O -the O -psychotropic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -( O -3H O -) O -leucine B-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -pineal O -proteins O -following O -estradiol B-Chemical -or O -testosterone B-Chemical -administration O -: O -involvement O -of O -the O -sympathetic O -superior O -cervical O -ganglion O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -to O -the O -nuclear O -fraction O -decreased O -sigificantly O -by O -2 O -weeks O -after O -incorporation O -of O -( O -3H O -) O -leucine B-Chemical -into O -pineal O -proteins O -in O -Gx O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -increases O -were O -observed O -in O -sham O -- O -operated O -controls O -or O -in O -rats O -subjected O -to O -bilateral O -decentralization O -of O -ganglia O -; O -however O -on O -the O -5th O -day O -an O -impairment O -was O -observed O -in O -hormone O -ability O -to O -enhance O -[ O -3H O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -incorporation O -in O -decentralized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -E2 O -or O -TP O -treatment O -blocked O -the O -increase O -in O -labeled O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -proteins O -brought O -about O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -per O -se O -. O - -aps B-category -Tyrosine O -hydroxylase O -activity O -of O -the O -superior O -cervical O -ganglia O -decreased O -by O -36 O -and O -41 O -% O -6 O -h O -after O -E2 O -or O -TP O -administration O -, O -and O -by O -43 O -and O -47 O -% O -after O -3 O -daily O -injections O -of O -the O -hormones O -, O -whereas O -pineal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -remained O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -the O -integrity O -of O -neurons O -of O -the O -superior O -cervical O -ganglia O -is O -an O -absolute O -requirement O -for O -E2 O -and O -testosterone B-Chemical -to O -enhance O -[ O -3H O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -pineal O -proteins O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -microdissection O -method O -of O -Palkovits O -, O -individual O -hypothalamic O -nuclei O -were O -removed O -from O -the O -brains O -of O -adult O -male O -rats O -, O -and O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -activity O -of O -each O -nucleus O -was O -determined O -7 O -days O -after O -gonadectomy O -or O -thyroidectomy O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -conclusions O -appear O -to O -be O -justified O -: O -( O -a O -) O -noradrenergic O -axons O -which O -innervate O -the O -median O -eminence O -, O -arcuate O -, O -and O -ventromedial O -nuclei O -course O -in O -the O -ventral O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -bundles O -; O -( O -b O -) O -the O -TH O -content O -of O -noradrenergic O -neurons O -in O -the O -median O -eminence O -, O -arcuate O -nucleus O -, O -and O -ventromedial O -nuclei O -is O -quite O -small O -; O -and O -( O -c O -) O -the O -majority O -, O -if O -not O -all O -, O -of O -the O -endocrine O -- O -responsive O -catecholaminergic O -neurons O -in O -the O -median O -eminence O -are O -dopaminergic O -. O - -aps B-category -I O -. O -Metabolism O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -pregnenolone O -, O -progesterone B-Chemical -and O -dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -the O -main O -metabolites O -found O -in O -all O -incubations O -was O -testosterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -conversion O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -to O -testosterone B-Chemical -in O -the O -right O -testis O -was O -1 O -, O -27 O -% O -and O -in O -the O -left O -testis O -4 O -, O -90 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -conversion O -for O -testosterone B-Chemical -using O -progesterone B-Chemical -as O -precursor O -was O -13 O -, O -19 O -% O -and O -3 O -, O -88 O -% O -respectively O -and O -11 O -, O -97 O -% O -of O -dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical -was O -converted O -to O -testosterone B-Chemical -in O -the O -right O -testis O -and O -12 O -, O -32 O -% O -in O -the O -left O -testis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -was O -made O -of O -the O -photochemical O -and O -biological O -degradation O -of O -two O -water O -- O -soluble O -fluorescent O -whitening O -agents O -( O -FWAs O -) O -: O -the O -disodium O -4 O -, O -4 O -' O -- O -bis O -( O -2 O -- O -sulfostyryl O -) O -- O -biphenyl O -( O -1 O -) O -and O -the O -disodium O -4 O -, O -4 O -- O -bis O -( O -[ O -4 O -- O -anilino O -- O -6 O -- O -( O -N O -- O -methyl O -- O -N O -- O -2 O -- O -hydroxyethyl O -) O -amino B-Chemical -1 O -, O -3 O -, O -5 O -- O -triazin O -- O -2 O -- O -yl O -] O -amino B-Chemical -) O -stilbene O -- O -2 O -, O -2 O -' O -- O -disulfonate O -( O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -terminal O -phosphate B-Chemical -of O -( O -gamma O -- O -32P O -) O -ATP O -is O -rapidly O -incorporated O -into O -cardiac O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -membranes O -( O -0 O -. O -7 O -- O -- O -1 O -. O -3 O -mumol O -/ O -g O -protein O -) O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Half O -- O -maximum O -activation O -of O -the O -phosphoprotein O -formation O -and O -ATP O -- O -ADP O -phosphate B-Chemical -exchange O -is O -reached O -at O -an O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -about O -0 O -. O -3 O -muM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -ATP O -splitting O -declines O -, O -whilst O -the O -rate O -of O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -ATP O -- O -ADP O -phosphate B-Chemical -exchange O -increases O -when O -the O -ADP O -/ O -ATP O -ratio O -is O -varied O -from O -0 O -. O -1 O -to O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphoprotein O -formation O -and O -ATP O -- O -ADP O -phosphate B-Chemical -exchange O -are O -not O -affected O -by O -azide O -, O -dinitrophenol O -, O -dicyclohexyl O -carbodiimide O -and O -oubain O -, O -whilst O -both O -activities O -are O -reduced O -by O -blockade O -of O -- O -SH O -groups O -localized O -on O -the O -outside O -of O -the O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Polyacrylamide O -gel O -elctrophoresis O -( O -performed O -with O -phenol B-Chemical -/ O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -/ O -water O -) O -of O -phosphorylated O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -fractions O -demonstrates O -that O -the O -32P O -- O -incorporation O -occurs O -into O -a O -protein O -of O -about O -100000 O -molecular O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -Taurocholate O -does O -not O -inhibit O -uptake O -while O -indocyanine B-Chemical -green I-Chemical -inhibits O -competitively O -at O -low O -bromosulfophthalein O -concentrations O -and O -activates O -uptake O -at O -high O -bromosulfophthalein O -concentrations O -( O -greater O -than O -20 O -muM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Conformation O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -tRNA O -II O -as O -studied O -by O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tritium I-Chemical -exchange O -catalyzed O -by O -cysteine B-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -deamination O -of O -the O -cytosine B-Chemical -nucleus O -was O -noted O -during O -this O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -order O -of O -the O -specific O -radioactivity O -found O -was O -cytosine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -guanine O -greater O -than O -adenine O -greater O -than O -thymine O -for O -denatured O -DNA O -and O -guanine O -greater O -than O -adenine O -approximately O -cytosine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -thymine O -for O -native O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Hence O -the O -incorporation O -in O -cytosine B-Chemical -under O -the O -reaction O -conditions O -is O -preferential O -for O -single O -- O -stranded O -, O -nonhelical O -regions O -of O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -radioactivity O -found O -for O -each O -of O -the O -bases O -of O -the O -four O -major O -nucleotides O -was O -cytosine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -guanine O -approximately O -adenine O -greater O -than O -uracil O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -5 O -' O -- O -terminal O -cytosine B-Chemical -of O -the O -anticodon O -loop O -was O -in O -a O -" O -non O -- O -exposed O -" O -state O -, O -a O -situation O -similar O -to O -that O -previously O -reported O -for O -E O -. O -coli O -tyrosine B-Chemical -tRNA O -[ O -Cashmore O -, O -A O -. O -R O -. O -, O -Brown O -, O -D O -. O -M O -. O -& O -amp O -; O -Smith O -, O -J O -. O -D O -. O -( O -1971 O -) O -J O -. O -Mol O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -finding O -does O -not O -agree O -with O -a O -tRNA O -model O -in O -which O -this O -pair O -of O -cytosine B-Chemical -and O -guanine O -, O -commonly O -found O -in O -tRNA O -sequences O -, O -forms O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bondings O -. O - -aps B-category -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Glyceraldehyde I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -an O -extreme O -thermophile O -, O -T O -. O -thermophilus O -strain O -HB8 O -, O -was O -purified O -and O -crystallized O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -found O -to O -be O -far O -more O -resistant O -to O -urea B-Chemical -or O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -than O -the O -rabbit O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -stability O -of O -the O -enzyme O -- O -substrate O -complex O -shows O -no O -obvious O -dependence O -on O -the O -electronic O -properties O -of O -the O -amine B-Chemical -substrates O -, O -but O -is O -strongly O -pH O -- O -dependent O -in O -a O -way O -suggesting O -that O -substrate O -- O -binding O -involves O -the O -non O -- O -protonated O -amines B-Chemical -, O -exclusively O -, O -and O -requires O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -acid O -form O -of O -an O -ionizing O -group O -in O -the O -enzyme O -with O -apparent O -pKa O -of O -8 O -. O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -Alcohol O -oxidase O -( O -alcohol B-Chemical -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -) O -of O -a O -thermophilic O -methanol O -- O -utilizing O -yeast O -, O -Hansenula O -polymorpha O -DL O -- O -1 O -, O -was O -isolated O -in O -crystalline O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -crystalline O -alcohol B-Chemical -oxidases O -of O -both O -yeast O -oxidized O -the O -lower O -primary O -alcohols O -( O -C O -- O -2 O -to O -C O -- O -4 O -) O -as O -well O -as O -methanol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -NH2 O -- O -terminal O -and O -COOH O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -of O -H O -. O -polymorpha O -enzyme O -were O -identified O -as O -alanine B-Chemical -and O -phenylalanine O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Manganese O -and O -copper B-Chemical -were O -released O -from O -spinach O -chloroplasts O -by O -NaCN O -- O -treatment O -, O -though O -iron B-Chemical -was O -not O -affected O -. O - -aps B-category -Cobalt O -bovine O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reactivity O -of O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -site O -of O -bovine O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -has O -been O -probed O -by O -observing O -optical O -and O -electron O -paramagnetic O -resonance O -changes O -, O -under O -several O -conditions O -, O -of O -the O -Co O -( O -II O -) O -- O -substituted O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -both O -reagents O -the O -reaction O -with O -the O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -protein O -appears O -to O -involve O -the O -water O -molecule O -bound O -to O -the O -copper B-Chemical -and O -does O -not O -affect O -the O -magnetic O -coupling O -between O -copper B-Chemical -and O -cobalt B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -oxygen B-Chemical -adduct O -forms O -in O -air O -, O -analogous O -to O -that O -described O -in O -Co O -( O -II O -) O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -( O -Haffner O -, O -P O -. O -H O -. O -and O -Coleman O -, O -J O -. O -E O -. O -( O -1975 O -) O -J O -. O -Biol O -. O - -aps B-category -H2O2 B-Chemical -modifies O -the O -cobalt B-Chemical -chromophore O -only O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -copper B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthetase O -of O -rabbit O -kidney O -medulla O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -biosynthesis O -is O -obtained O -in O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -potassium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -with O -the O -optimum O -pH O -being O -8 O -. O -0 O -- O -- O -8 O -. O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -initial O -rate O -of O -formation O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -+ O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -D2 I-Chemical -is O -3 O -- O -- O -4 O -times O -higher O -than O -that O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F2alpha O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -reduced O -the O -microsomal O -biosynthesis O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -by O -approximately O -80 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -N O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -acetylbenzotriazole O -, O -presented O -here O -as O -a O -new O -agent O -for O -the O -acetylation O -of O -proteins O -, O -reacted O -at O -pH O -8 O -and O -25 O -degrees O -C O -with O -delta O -- O -chymotrypsin O -, O -15 O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -( O -the O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -groups O -of O -lysing O -residues O -and O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -terminus O -of O -half O -- O -cystine O -- O -1 O -) O -and O -two O -phenolic O -groups O -( O -those O -of O -the O -two O -exposed O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -) O -were O -acetylated O -with O -respective O -pseudo O -first O -- O -order O -constants O -of O -0 O -. O -056 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -003 O -and O -0 O -. O -15 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -03 O -min O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -unusual O -lack O -of O -acetylation O -of O -Ile O -- O -16 O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -during O -delta O -- O -chymotrypsin O -treatment O -with O -N O -- O -acetylbenzotriazole O -is O -interpreted O -as O -a O -stabilization O -of O -the O -enzyme O -' O -neutral O -' O -conformation O -where O -the O -Ile O -- O -16 O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -is O -buried O -, O -thus O -inaccessible O -to O -the O -reagent O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -lysozyme O -digest O -of O -Micrococcus O -lysodeikticus O -cell O -walls O -, O -O O -- O -2 O -- O -acetamido O -- O -2 O -- O -deoxy O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -glucopyranosyl O -- O -( O -1 O -leads O -to O -4 O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -acetamido O -- O -3 O -- O -O O -- O -( O -D O -- O -1 O -- O -carboxyethyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -and O -O O -- O -[ O -2 O -- O -acetamide O -- O -3 O -- O -O O -- O -( O -D O -- O -1 O -- O -carboxyethyl O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -deoxy O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -glucopyranosyl O -] O -- O -( O -1 O -leads O -to O -4 O -) O -- B-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetamido I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -in O -decreasing O -order O -of O -efficiency O -, O -induce O -the O -enzyme O -but O -O O -- O -2 O -- O -acetamido O -- O -2 O -- O -deoxy O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -glucopyranosyl O -- O -( O -1 O -leads O -to O -4 O -) O -- B-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetamido I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -does O -not O -do O -so O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -and O -V O -values O -for O -4 O -- O -methylumbelliferyl O -- O -2 O -- O -acetamido O -- O -3 O -- O -O O -- O -( O -D O -- O -1 O -- O -carboxyethyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -and O -O O -- O -[ O -2 O -- O -acetamido O -- O -3 O -- O -O O -- O -( O -D O -- O -1 O -- O -carboxyethyl O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -deoxy O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -glucopyranosyl O -] O -- O -( O -1 O -leads O -to O -4 O -) O -- B-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetamido I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -are O -respectively O -0 O -. O -19 O -and O -0 O -. O -65 O -mM O -and O -1 O -. O -50 O -and O -16 O -. O -29 O -mumol O -min O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -mg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -transport O -of O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -in O -isolated O -yeast O -vacuoles O -and O -spheroplasts O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -vacuoles O -accumulate O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -by O -means O -of O -a O -highly O -specific O -transport O -system O -as O -indicated O -by O -competition O -experiments O -with O -structural O -analogs O -of O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -accumulation O -into O -vacuoles O -does O -not O -require O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -phosphoenolpyruvic O -acid O -, O -ATP O -, O -ADP O -nor O -any O -other O -tri O -- O -or O -di O -- O -phosphorylated O -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -transport O -of O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -into O -vacuoles O -is O -optimal O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -and O -is O -insensitive O -to O -nystatin O -while O -the O -uptake O -of O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -into O -spheroplasts O -is O -optimal O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -0 O -and O -is O -strongly O -sensitive O -to O -nystatin O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -indicate O -the O -existence O -of O -a O -highly O -specific O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -transport O -system O -in O -the O -vacuolar O -membrane O -which O -is O -clearly O -different O -from O -the O -one O -present O -in O -the O -plasma O -membrane O -of O -yeast O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Clonidine B-Chemical -was O -approximately O -equipotent O -at O -pre O -- O -and O -post O -- O -synaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -, O -whilst O -LSD O -and O -BAY O -- O -1470 O -were O -more O -active O -at O -the O -pre O -- O -than O -at O -post O -- O -synaptic O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -Phentolamine B-Chemical -was O -the O -most O -potent O -antagonist O -at O -both O -pre O -- O -and O -post O -- O -synaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Thymoxamine O -was O -about O -10X O -less O -potent O -than O -phentolamine B-Chemical -at O -postsynaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -but O -about O -1000X O -less O -active O -at O -the O -presynaptic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -previous O -reports O -, O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -was O -shown O -to O -depress O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -activity O -in O -the O -rat O -corpus O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -repeated O -doses O -of O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -, O -nigral O -TH O -activity O -decreased O -and O -reached O -45 O -% O -of O -controls O -at O -12 O -hr O -and O -returned O -to O -normal O -at O -60 O -hr O -. O - -aps B-category -Methamphetamine B-Chemical -initially O -increased O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -levels O -at O -6 O -hr O -( O -170 O -% O -of O -control O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Concurrent O -administration O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -with O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -prevented O -the O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -decrease O -in O -nigral O -and O -striatal O -TH O -activity O -and O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Competitive O -oxidation O -of O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -by O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -due O -to O -competitive O -oxidation O -of O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -by O -the O -generated O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -implications O -of O -these O -results O -to O -the O -molecular O -mechanism O -of O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -neurotoxicity O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Tha O -alpha O -- O -sympathomimetic O -agonists O -, O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -naphazoline B-Chemical -, O -methoxamine B-Chemical -, O -oxymetazoline O -and O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -were O -used O -to O -further O -characterize O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -mediating O -the O -positive O -inotropic O -effect O -in O -the O -isolated O -papillary O -muscle O -of O -the O -rabbit O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -papillary O -muscle O -stimulated O -at O -0 O -. O -5 O -Hz O -, O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -showed O -a O -high O -affinity O -( O -pD2 O -value O -= O -6 O -. O -13 O -) O -and O -produced O -the O -most O -pronounced O -intrinsic O -activity O -of O -the O -alpha O -- O -sympathomimetic O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clonidine B-Chemical -caused O -a O -positive O -inotropic O -effect O -: O -the O -intrinsic O -activity O -amounted O -to O -0 O -. O -32 O -of O -that O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -; O -the O -affinity O -was O -the O -highest O -among O -the O -amines B-Chemical -tested O -( O -pD2 O -value O -= O -6 O -. O -46 O -) O -; O -its O -effect O -was O -inhibited O -by O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Methoxamine B-Chemical -showed O -a O -relatively O -high O -intrinsic O -activity O -( O -0 O -. O -56 O -) O -but O -the O -lowest O -affinity O -( O -4 O -. O -68 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -observation O -suggests O -that O -these O -alpha O -- O -sympathomimetic O -amines B-Chemical -compete O -with O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -for O -the O -same O -receptor O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Discriminative O -stimulus O -properties O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -, O -barbiturates O -and O -pharmacologically O -related O -drugs O -; O -relation O -to O -some O -intrinsic O -and O -anticonvulsant O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -the O -discriminative O -stimulus O -properties O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -, O -barbiturates O -, O -and O -related O -compounds O -correlate O -with O -the O -ability O -of O -these O -drugs O -to O -induce O -ataxia O -, O -as O -well O -as O -with O -part O -of O -their O -anticonvulsant O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Modification O -and O -characterization O -of O -the O -permanent O -sympathectomy O -produced O -by O -the O -administration O -of O -guanethidine B-Chemical -to O -newborn O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -and O -light O -microscopic O -examination O -of O -superior O -cervical O -ganglia O -of O -the O -guanethidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -animals O -indicate O -complete O -destruction O -of O -sympathetic O -neurons O -by O -the O -end O -of O -the O -second O -week O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -levels O -in O -peripheral O -tissues O -are O -markedly O -reduced O -at O -both O -9 O -and O -16 O -weeks O -of O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adrenal O -glands O -of O -the O -guanethidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -animals O -are O -not O -destroyed O -, O -but O -rather O -respond O -, O -apparently O -by O -transsynaptic O -induction O -, O -with O -increases O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -content O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -administration O -of O -guanethidine B-Chemical -to O -newborn O -rats O -produces O -a O -very O -complete O -and O -permanent O -sympathectomy O -with O -significant O -advantages O -over O -immunosympathectomy O -and O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -chemical O -sympathectomy O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -administration O -of O -methyldopa B-Chemical -( O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -twice O -daily O -for O -3 O -days O -) O -to O -mongrel O -dogs O -produced O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -methylnorepinephrine O -was O -a O -significantly O -less O -potent O -vasoconstrictor O -than O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -in O -the O -renal O -vasculature O -, O -but O -was O -equipotent O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -in O -the O -mesentery O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -the O -results O -of O -the O -present O -investigation O -indicate O -that O -in O -addition O -to O -the O -existing O -evidence O -favoring O -a O -central O -site O -of O -action O -for O -methyldopa B-Chemical -, O -the O -impairment O -of O -peripheral O -sympathetic O -neuronal O -function O -is O -also O -of O -importance O -in O -accounting O -for O -the O -hemodynamic O -alterations O -observed O -following O -treatment O -with O -methyldopa B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Competitive O -interaciton O -characterized O -by O -the O -following O -pA2 O -values O -was O -found O -: O -propranolol B-Chemical -8 O -. O -7 O -; O -trimepranol O -8 O -. O -7 O -; O -practolol O -7 O -. O -1 O -; O -H O -35 O -/ O -25 O -6 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -extraction O -from O -urine O -and O -thin O -- O -layer O -bidimensional O -chromatography O -, O -the O -suspected O -spot O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -is O -located O -by O -UV O -examination O -at O -350 O -nm O -and O -eluted O -with O -methanol O -by O -means O -of O -" O -Eluchrom O -" O -apparatus O -. O - -aps B-category -Is O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -the O -pyramidal O -tract O -neurotransmitter O -? O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -or O -a O -related O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -may O -be O -the O -neurotransmitter O -released O -by O -pyramidal O -tract O -neurones O -. O - -aps B-category -Tests O -conducted O -on O -rats O -poisoned O -with O -increasingly O -lethal O -doses O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -amytal O -demonstrated O -the O -antitoxic O -activity O -of O -an O -analeptic O -mixture O -to O -be O -superior O -to O -that O -of O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -, O -strichnine O -, O -corasol O -and O -caffeine B-Chemical -entering O -into O -its O -composition O -and O -also O -to O -the O -activity O -of O -bemegride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -poisoning O -with O -higher O -doses O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -amytal O -( O -LD84 O -) O -corasol O -, O -strychnine B-Chemical -and O -caffeine B-Chemical -are O -ineffective O -, O -the O -most O -productive O -being O -analeptic O -mixture O -and O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -1 O -, O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepine I-Chemical -derivatives O -( O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -nitrazepm O -, O -lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -clonazepam B-Chemical -and O -two O -newly O -synthetized O -compounds O -of O -this O -series O -) O -increase O -the O -resistance O -of O -albino O -rats O -and O -rabbits O -to O -the O -toxic O -effect O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -under O -high O -pressure O -( O -7 O -and O -5 O -. O -5 O -atm O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -neoruleptics O -, O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -, O -somnifacients O -and O -antiepileptics O -- O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -transport O -ATPase O -and O -p O -- O -nitrophenylphosphatase O -from O -the O -renal O -tubules O -of O -the O -guinea O -pig O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -closely O -approaches O -the O -one O -produced O -by O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenothiazines I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -tests O -on O -spinal O -cats O -were O -set O -up O -to O -enquire O -into O -the O -effect O -produced O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -oxybutyrate O -, O -hexobarbital O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -viadril O -used O -in O -anesthetic O -doses O -on O -the O -evoked O -responses O -in O -the O -ventrolateral O -columns O -of O -the O -spinal O -cord O -following O -stimulation O -of O -the O -skin O -and O -pelvic O -nerves O -with O -single O -and O -paired O -stimuli O -at O -an O -interval O -of O -100 O -msec O -. O - -aps B-category -Hexobarbital O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -viadril O -, O -without O -changing O -noticeably O -the O -amplitude O -of O -the O -first O -response O -, O -are O -instrumental O -in O -reducing O -the O -second O -one O -by O -as O -much O -as O -30 O -- O -40 O -per O -cent O -. O - -aps B-category -Subject O -to O -investigation O -was O -also O -the O -effect O -of O -antidepressants B-Chemical -( O -phthoracizine O -and O -imipramine B-Chemical -) O -on O -the O -accumulation O -of O -exogenous O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -in O -the O -synaptic O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -Chlorathizin O -and O -Chlormorphathizin O -are O -shown O -to O -exercise O -in O -24 O -- O -hours O -long O -tests O -a O -substantial O -diuretic B-Chemical -and O -saluretic O -action O -on O -rats O -and O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraventriculare O -injections O -have O -brough O -evidence O -that O -alpha O -- O -adrenomimetic O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -beta O -- O -adrenomimetic O -isopropylnorepinephrine O -augment O -in O -the O -senso O -- O -motor O -region O -of O -the O -cortex O -the O -amplitude O -of O -primary O -responses O -evoked O -through O -a O -dental O -pulp O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -set O -up O -on O -unanesthetized O -, O -curarized O -cats O -demonstrated O -that O -sodium B-Chemical -oxybutyrate O -in O -doses O -of O -75 O -- O -- O -200 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -and O -nembutal O -in O -doses O -of O -5 O -- O -- O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -prolong O -the O -duration O -of O -corticospinal O -posterior O -roots O -potentials O -( O -PRP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Anesthetics O -( O -sodium B-Chemical -oxybutyrate O -, O -nembutal O -, O -ether B-Chemical -) O -and O -analgesics O -( O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -phenadon O -) O -inhibited O -the O -corticospinal O -PRP O -, O -when O -used O -in O -large O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -when O -used O -in O -low O -concentrations O -( O -1 O -. O -10 O -( O -- O -9 O -) O -- O -1 O -. O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -g O -/ O -ml O -) O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -while O -stimulating O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptors O -of O -the O -uterus O -, O -inhibits O -its O -contractions O -, O -whereas O -in O -high O -concentrations O -( O -1 O -. O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -- O -1 O -. O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -g O -/ O -ml O -) O -it O -is O -capable O -of O -intensifying O -uterine O -contractions O -owing O -to O -stimulation O -of O -the O -uterine O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -and O -netalide O -, O -blocking O -agents O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptors O -, O -abolish O -the O -already O -developed O -depressing O -action O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -on O -the O -contractile O -activity O -of O -the O -uterus O -, O -but O -fail O -to O -prevent O -this O -effect O -with O -their O -preliminary O -application O -. O - -aps B-category -Proton O -- O -motive O -force O -in O -the O -obligately O -anaerobic O -bacterium O -Clostridium O -pasteurianum O -: O -a O -role O -in O -galactose B-Chemical -and O -gluconate O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -pure O -epoxide O -hydratase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -respiratory O -chain O -of O -Thiobacillus O -ferrooxidans O -: O -the O -reduction O -of O -cytochromes O -by O -Fe2 O -+ O -and O -the O -preliminary O -characterization O -of O -rusticyanin O -a O -novel O -" O -blue O -" O -copper B-Chemical -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -Helix O -pomatia O -methaemocyanin O -accelerated O -by O -azide O -and O -fluoride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Polarity O -of O -the O -RNA O -in O -the O -tobacco O -mosaic O -virus O -particle O -and O -the O -direction O -of O -protein O -stripping O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Another O -series O -of O -experiments O -: O -training O -of O -rats O -to O -use O -unpreferred O -paw O -, O -showed O -the O -system O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylcholinesterase I-Chemical -to O -be O -directly O -connected O -with O -memory O -phenomena O -, O -and O -the O -synthesis O -of O -this O -enzyme O -to O -be O -induced O -by O -genetic O -apparatus O -. O - -aps B-category -Tranquilizers O -which O -decrease O -the O -level O -of O -monoamines B-Chemical -and O -inhibit O -the O -brain O -activity O -, O -also O -decrease O -the O -production O -of O -cyclic O -- O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -the O -monoamines B-Chemical -act O -via O -cyclic O -- O -AMP O -and O -the O -latter O -participates O -in O -suppression O -of O -DNA O -, O -the O -mechanism O -of O -involvement O -of O -the O -genetic O -apparatus O -in O -regulation O -of O -memory O -phenomena O -and O -learning O -, O -becomes O -more O -apparent O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -dogs O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -on O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -induced O -by O -food O -, O -mechanical O -stimuli O -, O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -involved O -a O -complete O -block O -of O -the O -acid O -secretion O -but O -left O -the O -gastric O -secretory O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -unaffected O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -the O -properties O -of O -non O -- O -H O -- O -2 O -imcompatible O -skin O -allografts O -, O -resulting O -from O -treating O -the O -graft O -donors O -with O -whole O -- O -body O -irradiation O -, O -antilymphocyte O -serum O -, O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -, O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -, O -amethopterin O -and O -azathioprine B-Chemical -, O -affected O -differently O -their O -survival O -in O -the O -recipients O -pretreated O -with O -normal O -and O -antilymphocyte O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Delayed O -morbidity O -following O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -abortion O -. O - -aps B-category -Meal O -- O -stimulated O -acid O -secretion O -, O -measured O -by O -in O -vivo O -intragastric O -titration O -, O -was O -progressively O -inhibited O -by O -increasing O -oral O -doses O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -( O -25 O -to O -400 O -mg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -was O -equally O -effective O -in O -inhibiting O -meal O -- O -stimulated O -acid O -secretion O -at O -two O -physiological O -intragastric O -pH O -levels O -( O -5 O -. O -0 O -and O -2 O -. O -5 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -on O -gastric O -emptying O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -conventional O -test O -meal O -, O -patients O -with O -large O -resections O -and O -severe O -steatorrhea O -had O -significantly O -lower O -aqueous O -phase O -concentrations O -of O -bile O -acids O -( O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -) O -than O -patients O -with O -smaller O -resections O -or O -control O -subjects O -, O -explained O -in O -part O -by O -intraluminal O -precipitation O -of O -about O -one O -- O -half O -of O -the O -bile O -acids O -during O -digestion O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -UDP O -- O -glycosyltransferases O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparable O -knowledge O -about O -solute O -entry O -into O -cells O -is O -still O -lacking O -, O -as O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -metabolism O -, O -no O -chemical O -reactions O -seem O -to O -be O -directly O -associated O -with O -the O -known O -nutrient O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -approach O -has O -been O -applied O -to O -sugar O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -in O -plasma O -membranes O -of O -several O -tissues O -, O -and O -intact O -transport O -systems O -for O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -, O -D O -- O -fructose O -, O -neutral O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -and O -dipeptides O -have O -been O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -consequence O -of O -this O -type O -of O -mechanism O -is O -interaction O -between O -sugar O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -via O -the O -common O -charged O -cosubstrate O -sodium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -luminal B-Chemical -membrane O -contains O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -, O -active O -transport O -systems O -, O -and O -the O -contraluminal O -membrane O -passive O -, O -facilitated O -diffusion O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Variations O -in O -the O -electrical O -components O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -potential O -, O -which O -have O -not O -been O -measured O -, O -may O -explain O -apparently O -contradicting O -results O -on O -active O -sugar O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -with O -various O -tissue O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -of O -the O -bacterial O -cells O -with O -formalin B-Chemical -was O -essential O -in O -obtaining O -satisfactory O -adherence O -of O -the O -cells O -to O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -on O -this O -precipitation O -of O -pH O -, O -kind O -and O -concentration O -of O -salts O -, O -and O -concentration O -of O -, O -and O -time O -of O -exposure O -to O -, O -chloroform B-Chemical -have O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Covalent O -coupling O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -to O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -serum O -albumin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bilirubin I-Chemical -( O -1 O -: O -1 O -complex O -) O -has O -been O -treated O -with O -water O -soluble O -carbodiimide O -in O -order O -to O -obtain O -covalent O -coupling O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -to O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -Nonspecific O -inactivation O -appears O -to O -be O -low O -, O -as O -evidenced O -by O -the O -stability O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -peroxidase O -to O -photolysis O -with O -FNPA O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -the O -effect O -of O -prior O -corneal O -herpes O -simplex O -infection O -with O -its O -resultant O -corneal O -hypesthesia O -on O -the O -irritative O -response O -of O -the O -rabbit O -eye O -to O -topical O -nitrogen B-Chemical -mustard O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -again O -that O -an O -axon O -reflex O -requiring O -intact O -sensory O -innervation O -mediates O -the O -response O -to O -nitrogen B-Chemical -mustard O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraocular O -pressure O -decrease O -in O -normal O -volunteers O -following O -timolol B-Chemical -ophthalmic O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -lowering O -of O -the O -intraocular O -pressures O -was O -reached O -at O -two O -hours O -with O -the O -0 O -. O -5 O -per O -cent O -solution O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -and O -at O -one O -hour O -with O -the O -1 O -. O -0 O -per O -cent O -and O -1 O -. O -5 O -per O -cent O -timolol B-Chemical -ophthalmic O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -lens O -phosphofructokinase O -( O -PFK O -) O -has O -been O -found O -to O -be O -cold O -- O -labile O -at O -acidic O -pH O -, O -even O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sulfate O -and O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -two O -known O -positive O -effectors O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -was O -measured O -in O -the O -umbilical O -cord O -arterial O -and O -/ O -or O -venous O -blood O -of O -54 O -babies O -delivered O -vaginally O -and O -in O -12 O -delivered O -by O -elective O -lower O -segment O -cesarean O -section O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -levels O -at O -delivery O -were O -higher O -in O -the O -cord O -venous O -blood O -of O -infants O -born O -to O -hypertensive O -than O -to O -normotensive O -mothers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -duration O -of O -the O -second O -stage O -of O -labor O -was O -found O -significantly O -to O -affect O -fetal O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -levels O -, O -prolonged O -labor O -being O -associated O -with O -high O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -an O -inverse O -relationship O -between O -cord O -venous O -pH O -and O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -findings O -with O -those O -for O -untreated O -rats O -and O -rats O -given O -penicillin B-Chemical -for O -sulfadiazine B-Chemical -indicated O -that O -salazopyrin O -has O -a O -preventive O -effect O -on O -the O -development O -of O -peritoneal O -adhesions O -. O - -aps B-category -Successful O -oral O -therapy O -with O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -palmitate O -in O -acne O -vulgaris O -requires O -150 O -, O -000 O -- O -200 O -, O -000 O -I O -. O -U O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -same O -tests O -were O -done O -in O -32 O -patients O -, O -who O -had O -received O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -palmitate O -150 O -, O -000 O -- O -200 O -, O -000 O -I O -. O -U O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -in O -vitro O -activity O -of O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -a O -concentration O -of O -12 O -. O -5 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -, O -all O -of O -the O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -inhibited O -more O -than O -60 O -% O -of O -the O -isolates O -of O -Klebsiella O -pneumoniae O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -of O -the O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -except O -cephalothin B-Chemical -and O -cephapirin O -inhibited O -over O -60 O -% O -of O -isolates O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -12 O -. O -5 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -substantial O -differences O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -against O -gram O -- O -positive O -cocci O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -considerable O -fluctuation O -in O -the O -proportion O -of O -isolates O -of O -gram O -- O -negative O -bacilli O -susceptible O -to O -these O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -from O -year O -to O -year O -, O -but O -there O -was O -no O -evidence O -to O -suggest O -that O -the O -number O -of O -resistant O -isolates O -was O -increasing O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibacterial O -activity O -of O -eight O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -against O -Haemophilus O -influenzae O -and O -Streptococcus O -pneumoniae O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -Bohr O -factor O -did O -not O -show O -a O -clear O -relation O -to O -age O -, O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -and O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -capacity O -tended O -to O -increase O -with O -the O -lapse O -of O -days O -, O -and O -the O -power O -of O -heme O -- O -to O -- O -heme O -interaction O -, O -to O -decrease O -with O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -as O -a O -mediator O -of O -hypoxic O -pulmonary O -vasoconstriction O -was O -examined O -in O -intact O -anesthetized O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Blockade O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -vasodilator O -( O -H2 O -) O -receptors O -with O -a O -newly O -synthesized O -blocking O -agent O -( O -metiamide O -) O -potentiated O -the O -vasoconstriction O -induced O -by O -hypoxia O -and O -prevented O -the O -normal O -increase O -in O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -other O -dogs O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -infused O -( O -3 O -. O -6 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -per O -min O -) O -during O -hypoxia O -attenuated O -the O -pulmonary O -vasoconstriction O -induced O -by O -hypoxia O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -does O -appear O -to O -be O -released O -during O -hypoxia O -, O -and O -it O -may O -play O -a O -role O -in O -modulating O -the O -pulmonary O -vascular O -responses O -to O -hypoxia O -by O -opposing O -the O -hypoxia O -induced O -vasoconstriction O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -chronically O -instrumented O -healthy O -dogs O -were O -exposed O -to O -a O -5 O -- O -day O -period O -of O -breathing O -10 O -% O -oxygen B-Chemical -in O -a O -chamber O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -combined O -acidosis O -and O -intraventricular O -injections O -of O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -no O -increase O -in O -plasma O -or O -CSF O -HCO3 O -- O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -and O -CSF O -ammonia B-Chemical -increased O -linearly O -and O -selectively O -with O -the O -increase O -in O -the O -relative O -contribution O -of O -CNS O -HCO3 O -- O -increase O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -coated O -onto O -small O -diameter O -silver B-Chemical -wires O -to O -form O -sensors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Donnan O -ratio O -for O -chloride B-Chemical -ion O -( O -rCl O -) O -was O -determined O -for O -human O -red O -cells O -in O -plasma O -utilizing O -36Cl O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -expression O -of O -both O -hutk O -and O -huts O -histidase O -in O -E O -. O -coli O -was O -activated O -by O -nitrogen B-Chemical -starvation O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -pH O -on O -the O -rate O -of O -ribosomal O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -during O -sporulation O -in O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -: O -genetic O -mapping O -and O -isolation O -of O -regulatory O -mutants O -of O -Klebsiella O -aerogenes O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -mutants O -able O -to O -produce O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -high O -levels O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -have O -been O -isolated O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -synthesis O -energized O -by O -an O -artificially O -imposed O -membrane O -potential O -in O -membrane O -vesicles O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Membrane O -vesicles O -prepared O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -were O -loaded O -with O -K O -+ O -by O -incubation O -with O -0 O -. O -5 O -M O -potassium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ca2 O -+ O -, O -which O -can O -replace O -Mg2 O -+ O -for O -the O -hydrolytic O -activity O -of O -the O -Mg2 O -+ O -- B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -triphosphatase O -( O -ATPase O -) O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -) O -, O -could O -not O -replace O -Mg2 O -+ O -in O -the O -synthetic O -reaction O -and O -, O -in O -fact O -, O -inhibited O -ATP O -synthesis O -even O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -Mg2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -the O -physiology O -of O -cells O -of O -Klebsiella O -aerogenes O -containing O -the O -structural O -gene O -for O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -glnA O -) O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -on O -an O -episome O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -are O -consistent O -with O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -regulates O -the O -function O -of O -its O -own O -structural O -gene O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -regulatory O -properties O -of O -partially O -purified O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphate O -- O -( O -ADP O -) O -glucose B-Chemical -pyrophosphorylase O -from O -two O -Serratia O -marcescens O -strains O -( O -ATCC O -274 O -and O -ATCC O -15365 O -) O -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphoenolpyruvate O -stimulated O -the O -rate O -of O -ADPglucose O -synthesis O -catalyzed O -by O -Serratia O -ADPglucose O -pyrophosphorylase O -about O -1 O -. O -5 O -- O -to O -2 O -- O -fold O -but O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -S0 O -. O -5 O -values O -( O -concentration O -of O -substrate O -required O -for O -50 O -% O -maximal O -stimulation O -) O -of O -the O -substrates O -, O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -what O -is O -observed O -for O -the O -S O -. O -marcescens O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mutants O -produced O -substantially O -increased O -amounts O -of O -two O -high O -- O -molecular O -- O -weight O -outer O -membrane O -polypeptides O -when O -grown O -under O -limiting O -iron B-Chemical -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Quail O -egg O -- O -white O -, O -human O -milk O -and O -salivary O -lysozymes O -[ O -EC O -3 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -17 O -] O -were O -adsorbed O -onto O -the O -adsorbent O -at O -pH O -5 O -- O -7 O -and O -eluted O -with O -2M O -NaCl B-Chemical -at O -pH O -10 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -release O -of O -the O -enzyme O -is O -reduced O -fivefold O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -cellulases O -produced O -predominantly O -cellobiose O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -from O -various O -cellulosic O -substrates O -as O -well O -as O -from O -higher O -cellooligosaccharides O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -stimulated O -slightly O -by O -Ca2 O -+ O -, O -Mn2 O -+ O -, O -and O -Co2 O -+ O -, O -and O -significantly O -by O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -and O -ethyl O -ether B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -phospholipase O -D O -hydrolyzes O -phosphatidylethanolamine O -, O -phosphatidylcholine O -, O -cardiolipin O -, O -sphingomyelin O -, O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -, O -and O -lysophosphatidylcholine O -, O -liberating O -the O -corresponding O -bases O -. O - -aps B-category -Non O -- O -enzymatic O -formation O -of O -dipicolinic O -acid O -( O -DPA O -) O -from O -diketopimelic O -acid O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -was O -clearly O -demonstrated O -using O -a O -new O -method O -for O -DPA O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -the O -spontaneous O -reaction O -was O -stimulated O -by O -ferrous O -sulfate O -, O -FMN O -, O -and O -riboflavin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reductase O -was O -isolated O -from O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -, O -and O -found O -to O -stimulate O -DPA O -formation O -from O -diketopimelic O -acid O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -mechanisms O -of O -DPA O -formation O -from O -diketopimelic O -acid O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -are O -proposed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -preparation O -of O -TNP O -derivatives O -( O -N2 O -- O -TNP O -- O -guanine O -, O -- B-Chemical -guanosine I-Chemical -, O -N2 O -, O -O B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bis I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -TNP I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -guanosine I-Chemical -, O -O B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -TNP I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -guanosine I-Chemical -, O -- B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -, O -- O -cytidine O -, O -and O -- B-Chemical -uridine I-Chemical -) O -, O -their O -rates O -of O -formation O -, O -absorption O -spectra O -( O -UV O -, O -visible O -, O -and O -infrared O -) O -, O -molar O -extinction O -coefficients O -, O -Rf O -value O -, O -electrophoretic O -mobilities O -, O -and O -stability O -in O -acid O -or O -alkaline O -solution O -, O -are O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -mouse O -splenic O -lymphocyte O -guanylate O -cyclase O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -ion O -( O -3mM O -) O -activated O -soluble O -guanylate O -cyclase O -3 O -- O -fold O -at O -a O -relatively O -low O -concentration O -of O -Mn2 O -+ O -( O -less O -than O -1mM O -) O -but O -inhibited O -the O -particulate O -enzyme O -slightly O -at O -all O -Mn2 O -+ O -concentrations O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -isoenzymes O -catalyzed O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -peptides O -containing O -from O -2 O -to O -8 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -similar O -but O -less O -absolute O -requirement O -for O -the O -penultimate O -NH2 O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Transport O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -into O -yeast O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -assay O -devised O -for O -its O -measurement O -, O -transport O -activity O -shows O -a O -sharp O -pH O -optimum O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -, O -a O -strong O -temperature O -dependence O -( O -EA O -= O -23 O -, O -100 O -cal O -/ O -mol O -) O -, O -and O -saturation O -kinetics O -with O -respect O -to O -riboflavin B-Chemical -( O -Km O -= O -15 O -muM O -) O -, O -characteristics O -consistent O -with O -a O -carrier O -- O -mediated O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Besides O -riboflavin B-Chemical -only O -7 O -- O -methylriboflavin O -, O -8 O -- O -methylriboflavin O -, O -and O -5 O -- O -deazaflavin O -have O -been O -found O -to O -serve O -as O -substrates O -, O -while O -lumiflavin O -, O -tetraacetylriboflavin O -, O -and O -N10 O -- O -[ O -4 O -' O -- O -carboxybutyl O -] O -- O -7 O -, O -8 O -- O -dimethylisoalloxazine O -do O -not O -, O -although O -a O -number O -of O -flavin O -analogs O -in O -which O -the O -ribityl O -side O -chain O -is O -modified O -are O -good O -competitive O -inhibitors O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -apparent O -inhibition O -of O -uptake O -by O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -, O -D O -- O -mannose O -, O -and O -D O -- O -fructose O -, O -which O -develops O -in O -the O -course O -of O -assay O -, O -proved O -to O -result O -from O -stimulation O -of O -an O -opposing O -process O -, O -the O -release O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -from O -the O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -vitamin B-Chemical -K I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -carboxylating O -system O -has O -been O -solubilized O -by O -Lubrol O -PX O -or O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -treatment O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -K I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -system O -is O -complex O -and O -is O -dependent O -upon O -NADH O -and O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -for O -maximum O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -requirement O -for O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -and O -the O -inhibition O -by O -p O -- O -hydroxymercuribenzoate O -indicate O -the O -involvement O -of O -an O -- O -- O -SH O -enzyme O -in O -the O -carboxylating O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -results O -with O -enzyme O -from O -E O -. O -coli O -strain O -B O -( O -Miller O -, O -R O -. O -E O -. O -, O -and O -Stadtman O -, O -E O -. O -R O -. O -( O -1972 O -) O -J O -. O -Biol O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -inactivation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -activity O -was O -obtained O -by O -treatment O -with O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -analog O -. O - -aps B-category -Inactivation O -by O -chloroketone O -exhibited O -saturation O -kinetics O -; O -glutamine B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -rate O -of O -inactivation O -and O -exhibited O -competitive O -kinetics O -. O - -aps B-category -Saturation O -kinetics O -were O -not O -obtained O -for O -inactivation O -by O -iodoacetamide O -but O -protection O -by O -glutamine B-Chemical -exhibited O -competitive O -kinetics O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -active O -site O -cysteine B-Chemical -is O -in O -the O -large O -subunit O -of O -molecular O -weight O -approximately O -153 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -to O -other O -glutamine B-Chemical -amidotransferases O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -exhibits O -glutaminase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Collectively O -, O -these O -results O -demonstrate O -that O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -is O -similar O -to O -other O -glutamine B-Chemical -amidotransferases O -with O -respect O -to O -distinct O -sites O -for O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -NH3 O -utilization O -and O -in O -the O -obligatory O -function O -of O -an O -active O -site O -cysteine B-Chemical -residue O -for O -glutamine B-Chemical -utilization O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -K O -- O -12 O -exhibits O -NH3 O -- O -dependent O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -glutamine B-Chemical -plus O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -have O -the O -capacity O -to O -reoxidize O -the O -chemically O -reduced O -flavoenzyme O -, O -no O -such O -reoxidation O -is O -obtained O -with O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -plus O -NH3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -properties O -of O -apoglutamate O -synthase O -are O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -- O -Oxoglutarate O -protects O -against O -alkylation O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -by O -iodo O -[ O -1 O -- O -14C O -] O -acetamide O -and O -reduces O -incorporation O -of O -methyl O -[ O -1 O -- O -14C O -] O -carboxamide O -into O -the O -small O -subunit O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -naturally O -occurring O -toxin O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trans I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -butenoic I-Chemical -( O -AMB O -) O -acid O -irreversibly O -inhibits O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -same O -pH O -, O -but O -without O -urea B-Chemical -, O -a O -faint O -band O -was O -detected O -in O -coincidence O -with O -enzymatic O -activity O -, O -whereas O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -5 O -, O -either O -in O -the O -absence O -or O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -, O -no O -protein O -zone O -could O -be O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -value O -is O -equal O -to O -the O -value O -of O -Km O -for O -aniline O -as O -substrate O -for O -the O -O2 O -- O -dependent O -, O -hemoglobin O -- O -catalyzed O -hydroxylation O -reaction O -which O -yields O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminophenol I-Chemical -( O -Mieyal O -, O -J O -. O -J O -. O -, O -Ackerman O -, O -R O -. O -S O -. O -, O -Blumer O -, O -J O -. O -L O -. O -, O -and O -Freeman O -, O -L O -. O -S O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -is O -deamidated O -by O -glutaminase O -B O -, O -L O -- O -asparagine O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -are O -not O -deamidated O -. O - -aps B-category -Borate O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -protected O -glutaminase O -B O -from O -inactivation O -by O -cold O -. O - -aps B-category -A23187 O -transports O -calcium B-Chemical -rapidly O -into O -rat O -erythrocytes O -, O -apparently O -by O -an O -electroneutral O -exchange O -for O -intracellular O -magnesium B-Chemical -and O -protons O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnesium B-Chemical -uptake O -into O -erythrocytes O -is O -produced O -by O -A23187 O -, O -providing O -the O -extracellular O -concentration O -of O -this O -cation O -exceeds O -intracellular O -levels O -, O -and O -the O -ionophore O -also O -transports O -strontium O -, O -but O -not O -barium B-Chemical -, O -into O -red O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -red O -cells O -are O -incubated O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -any O -exogenous O -divalent O -cations O -, O -A23187 O -still O -produces O -a O -potassium B-Chemical -efflux O -and O -this O -is O -inhibited O -completely O -by O -small O -amounts O -of O -ethylene O -glycol O -bis O -( O -beta O -- O -aminoethyl O -ether B-Chemical -) O -- O -N O -, O -N O -' O -- O -tetraacetic O -acid O -and O -restored O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -excess O -of O -the O -chelator O -. O - -aps B-category -Dipyridamole B-Chemical -and O -4 O -- O -acetamid O -- O -4 O -' O -- O -isothiocyano O -- O -stilbene O -- O -2 O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -disulfonic O -acid O -, O -which O -decrease O -chloride B-Chemical -premeability O -of O -erythrocytes O -, O -inhibit O -the O -A23187 O -- O -induced O -potassium B-Chemical -loss O -from O -red O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -A23187 O -does O -not O -transport O -potassium B-Chemical -directly O -across O -the O -erythrocyte O -plasma O -membrane O -, O -but O -permits O -small O -amounts O -of O -endogenous O -calcium B-Chemical -to O -interact O -with O -some O -membrane O -component O -to O -enhance O -potassium B-Chemical -permeability O -of O -the O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -1 O -cysteine B-Chemical -residue O -is O -at O -least O -13 O -- O -fold O -more O -reactive O -than O -its O -partner O -toward O -iodoacetamide O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -chymotryptic O -cleavage O -between O -the O -2 O -alkylated O -cysteine B-Chemical -residues O -generated O -a O -cationic O -and O -an O -anionic O -fragment O -containing O -7 O -% O -and O -93 O -% O -of O -the O -radioactivity O -of O -the O -purified O -tryptic O -peptide O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -and O -triiodothyronine O -with O -human O -thyroxine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -. O - -aps B-category -Inclusion O -of O -ovalbumin O -in O -the O -dialysis O -mixture O -stabilized O -thyroxine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -against O -losses O -in O -binding O -activity O -which O -had O -been O -found O -to O -occur O -during O -equilibrium O -dialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Scatchard O -plots O -of O -the O -binding O -data O -for O -triiodothyronine O -indicated O -that O -the O -binding O -of O -this O -compound O -to O -thyroxine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -was O -more O -complex O -than O -that O -found O -for O -thyroxine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -the O -pH O -dependence O -of O -binding O -indicated O -that O -both O -thyroxine B-Chemical -and O -triiodothyronine O -were O -bound O -maximally O -in O -the O -region O -of O -physiological O -pH O -, O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -to O -7 O -. O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -predominant O -high O -spin O -species O -( O -g O -= O -8 O -. O -2 O -) O -was O -decreased O -by O -addition O -of O -20alpha O -- O -hydroxycholesterol O -and O -elevated O -pH O -but O -was O -increased O -by O -addition O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -forms O -were O -evidently O -not O -in O -equilibrium O -and O -have O -been O -assigned O -to O -distinct O -forms O -of O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -involved O -in O -, O -respectively O -, O -cholesterol B-Chemical -side O -chain O -cleavage O -( O -P O -- O -450scc O -) O -and O -steroid B-Chemical -11beta O -hydroxylation O -( O -P O -- O -450 O -( O -11 O -) O -beta O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -high O -to O -low O -spin O -transition O -was O -observed O -when O -these O -complexes O -were O -turned O -over O -by O -initiating O -hydroxylation O -with O -malate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -activity O -was O -inhibited O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -high O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -and O -temperatures O -above O -45 O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -Conformational O -changes O -of O -apo O -A O -- O -1 O -, O -the O -principal O -apoprotein O -of O -human O -plasma O -high O -density O -lipoprotein O -, O -have O -been O -studied O -by O -differential O -scanning O -calorimetry O -and O -ultraviolet O -difference O -spectroscopy O -as O -a O -function O -of O -temperature O -, O -pH O -, O -concentration O -of O -apoprotein O -, O -and O -urea B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -25 O -degrees O -, O -apo O -A O -- O -1 O -develops O -a O -negative O -difference O -spectrum O -between O -1 O -. O -4 O -and O -3 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -urea B-Chemical -solution O -of O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -75 O -M O -there O -is O -hyperchromicity O -at O -285 O -nm O -( O -delta O -epsilon O -= O -264 O -in O -0 O -. O -75 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -) O -, O -indicating O -strong O -interaction O -of O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -in O -the O -native O -molecule O -with O -the O -solvent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -free O -energy O -of O -stabilization O -( O -deltaG O -) O -of O -the O -native O -conformation O -of O -apo O -A O -- O -1 O -was O -estimated O -, O -( O -a O -) O -at O -37 O -degrees O -, O -using O -the O -calorimetric O -deltaA O -and O -deltaCvd O -, O -and O -( O -b O -) O -at O -25 O -degrees O -, O -by O -extrapolation O -of O -spectroscopic O -data O -to O -zero O -urea B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -1 O -- O -tetrahydrofolate O -is O -active O -in O -Reaction O -1 O -; O -d O -- O -tetrahydrofolate O -, O -folate B-Chemical -, O -and O -methotrexate B-Chemical -were O -neither O -active O -nor O -inhibitory O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha O -- O -Ketobutyrate O -, O -alpha O -- O -ketovalerate O -, O -and O -alpha O -- O -keto O -- O -beta O -- O -methylvalerate O -replaced O -alpha O -- O -ketoisovalerate O -as O -substrates O -; O -pyruvate B-Chemical -was O -inactive O -as O -a O -substrate O -, O -but O -like O -isovalerate O -, O -3 O -- O -methyl O -- O -2 O -- O -butanone O -and O -D O -- O -or O -L O -- O -valine O -, O -inhibited O -Reaction O -1 O -. O -the O -transferase O -has O -regulatory O -properties O -expected O -of O -an O -enzyme O -catalyzing O -the O -first O -committed O -step O -in O -a O -biosynthetic O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chain O -oxidation O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -- O -bound O -NADH O -initiated O -by O -superoxide B-Chemical -radicals O -and O -propagated O -by O -oxygen B-Chemical -was O -studied O -with O -pulse O -radiolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -subunit O -molecular O -weight O -is O -110 O -, O -000 O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -polyacrylamide O -electrophoresis O -, O -the O -enzyme O -is O -probably O -a O -tetramer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -properties O -studied O -include O -the O -pH O -dependence O -of O -inhibition O -of O -native O -, O -monocarboxamidomethyl O -, O -and O -monocarboxymethyl O -enzymes O -by O -iodide O -ion O -and O -the O -pH O -dependence O -of O -the O -visible O -spectra O -of O -the O -cobalt B-Chemical -derivatives O -of O -these O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -zinc B-Chemical -is O -at O -the O -active O -site O -, O -the O -secondary O -group O -in O -its O -acidic O -form O -decreases O -the O -Ki O -for O -I O -- O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -show O -that O -the O -active O -site O -is O -altered O -when O -cobalt B-Chemical -is O -substituted O -for O -zinc B-Chemical -in O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -B O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -activity O -of O -the O -purified O -enzyme O -was O -about O -12 O -mumol O -of O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cyclic O -GMP O -) O -formed O -- O -min O -- O -1 O -- O -mg O -of O -protein O -- O -1 O -at O -30 O -degrees O -, O -an O -activity O -about O -4600 O -times O -that O -of O -a O -soluble O -guanylate O -cyclase O -purified O -recently O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -( O -Macchia O -V O -. O -, O -Varrone O -, O -S O -. O -, O -Weissbach O -, O -H O -. O -, O -Miller O -, O -D O -. O -L O -. O -, O -and O -Pastan O -, O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -phosphodiesterase O -or O -guanosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -inhibitors O -, O -100 O -% O -of O -the O -added O -GTP O -was O -converted O -to O -cyclic O -GMP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -purified O -enzyme O -was O -approximately O -182 O -, O -000 O -as O -estimated O -on O -Bio O -- O -Gel O -A O -- O -0 O -. O -5m O -columns O -equilibrated O -in O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -abnormally O -thermolabile O -and O -is O -rapidly O -inactivated O -at O -low O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -of O -the O -pneumococcal O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylmuramyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -amidase O -to O -biochemical O -homogeneity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -temperature O -dependence O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -equilibrium O -of O -tadpole O -hemoglobin O -has O -been O -determined O -between O -0 O -degrees O -and O -32 O -degrees O -for O -the O -unfractionated O -but O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -lysate O -and O -between O -12 O -degrees O -and O -32 O -degrees O -for O -each O -of O -the O -four O -isolated O -components O -between O -pH O -6 O -and O -10 O -in O -0 O -. O -05 O -M O -cacodylate O -, O -Tris O -, O -or O -glycine B-Chemical -buffers O -containing O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -and O -1 O -mM O -EDTA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -measured O -enthalpies O -include O -contributions O -from O -the O -active O -Bohr O -groups O -, O -the O -buffer O -ions O -themselves O -, O -the O -hemoglobin O -groups O -contributing O -buffering O -, O -and O -any O -pH O -- O -dependent O -, O -oxygenation O -- O -dependent O -binding O -of O -ions O -such O -as O -chloride B-Chemical -by O -the O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -the O -complexes O -of O -reduced O -enzyme O -with O -NADP O -+ O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -spectrum O -is O -produced O -by O -titration O -of O -oxidized O -adrenodoxin O -reductase O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -or O -of O -dithionite O -- O -reduced O -adrenodoxin O -reductase O -with O -NADP O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -species O -formed O -on O -NADPH B-Chemical -reduction O -appears O -to O -be O -a O -two O -- O -electron O -- O -containing O -complex O -, O -with O -a O -low O -dissociation O -constant O -, O -between O -reduced O -adrenodoxin O -reductase O -and O -NADP O -+ O -, O -designated O -ARH2 O -- O -NADP O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Titration O -of O -adrenodoxin O -reductase O -with O -NADH O -, O -instead O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -provides O -a O -curved O -titration O -plot O -rather O -than O -the O -sharp O -break O -seen O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -and O -permits O -calculation O -of O -a O -potential O -for O -the O -AR O -/ O -ARH2 O -couple O -of O -- O -0 O -. O -291 O -V O -, O -close O -to O -that O -of O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -( O -- O -0 O -. O -316 O -V O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -a O -large O -excess O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -is O -used O -, O -a O -second O -apparently O -first O -order O -process O -is O -observed O -( O -k O -= O -4 O -. O -25 O -s O -- O -1 O -) O -, O -which O -is O -interpreted O -as O -replacement O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -for O -NADP O -+ O -in O -the O -ARH2 O -- O -NADP O -+ O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absolute O -dependence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reduction O -on O -both O -adrenodoxin O -reductase O -and O -adrenodoxin O -is O -confirmed O -. O -. O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -unsaturated O -tetrasaccharide O -was O -further O -characterized O -by O -paper O -electrophoresis O -, O -amino B-Chemical -sugar O -analysis O -, O -and O -NMR O -. O - -aps B-category -Anions O -such O -as O -phosphate B-Chemical -or O -sulphate O -also O -bind O -to O -these O -, O -less O -strongly O -than O -hexacyanides O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purification O -procedure O -involves O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -fractionation O -followed O -by O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -100 O -filtration O -and O -chromatography O -on O -columns O -of O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -and O -hydroxylapatite O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rapid O -reaction O -apparatus O -was O -equipped O -with O -a O -pH O -sensitive O -glass O -electrode O -in O -order O -to O -follow O -the O -time O -course O -of O -pH O -from O -0 O -. O -005 O -to O -100 O -s O -after O -rapid O -mixing O -of O -a O -solution O -of O -amine B-Chemical -or O -protein O -and O -CO2 O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -equilibrium O -constants O -computed O -for O -the O -two O -species O -they O -could O -be O -identified O -as O -alpha O -- O -and O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -velocity O -constant O -ka O -was O -estimated O -to O -be O -4 O -, O -950 O -M1 O -S1 O -for O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -groups O -and O -13 O -, O -800 O -M1 O -S1 O -for O -the O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ATP I-Chemical -on O -the O -structure O -and O -contractility O -in O -motile O -extracts O -of O -Amoeba O -proteus O -and O -plasmalemma O -- O -ectoplasm O -" O -ghosts O -" O -of O -Chaos O -carolinensis O -has O -been O -investigated O -by O -correlating O -light O -and O -electron O -microscope O -observations O -with O -turbidity O -and O -birefringence O -measurements O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -1 O -. O -0 O -mM O -magnesium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -, O -1 O -. O -0 O -mM O -ATP O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -low O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -( O -relaxation O -solution O -) O -induced O -the O -formation O -of O -some O -fibrous O -bundles O -of O -actin O -without O -contracting O -, O -whereas O -the O -addition O -of O -a O -micromolar O -concentration O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -addition O -to O -1 O -. O -0 O -mM O -magnesium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ATP I-Chemical -( O -contraction O -solution O -) O -( O -Taylor O -, O -D O -. O -L O -. O -, O -J O -. O -S O -. O -Condeelis O -, O -P O -. O -L O -. O -Moore O -, O -and O -R O -. O -D O -. O -Allen O -. O - -aps B-category -Simplified O -method O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -and O -other O -beta O -- O -receptor O -- O -blocking O -agents O -in O -biological O -fluids O -by O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Separation O -of O -ATP O -, O -ADP O -, O -AMP O -, O -adenine O -, O -adenosine B-Chemical -, O -cAMP B-Chemical -, O -ITP O -, O -IDP O -, O -IMP O -, O -hypoxanthine O -, O -inosine O -, O -cIMP O -, O -the O -guanine O -series O -, O -NAD O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -xanthine B-Chemical -, O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylxanthine I-Chemical -, O -theobromine O -, O -theophylline B-Chemical -, O -and O -caffeine B-Chemical -was O -accomplished O -using O -high O -- O -performance O -liquid O -chromatography O -with O -a O -microparticulate O -reversed O -- O -phase O -column O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -same O -patients O -, O -LVP O -stimulation O -and O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -suppression O -tests O -brought O -about O -significant O -changes O -in O -the O -plasma O -beta O -- O -MSH O -and O -ACTH B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -PaCO2 O -of O -chronically O -acid O -- O -fed O -animals O -was O -reduced O -from O -32 O -to O -15 O -mm O -Hg O -by O -placing O -the O -animials O -in O -a O -large O -environmental O -chamber O -containing O -9 O -% O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chemotactic O -factor O -inactivator O -( O -CFI O -) O -isolated O -from O -human O -serum O -contains O -a O -kininase O -activity O -that O -causes O -extensive O -hydrolysis O -of O -bradykinin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Examination O -of O -the O -specificity O -of O -CFI O -proteolysis O -revealed O -that O -short O -polypeptide O -substrates O -are O -degraded O -sequentially O -from O -the O -amino B-Chemical -terminus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -activity O -was O -studied O -by O -specific O -immunoadsorption O -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -geadient O -ultracentrifugation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -determine O -the O -effect O -of O -acute O -hyperventilation O -on O -distal O -nephron O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -urine O -PCO2 O -declined O -slowly O -, O -resulting O -in O -an O -early O -increase O -in O -the O -urine O -minus O -blood O -( O -U O -- O -B O -) O -PCO2 O -which O -could O -not O -be O -obliterated O -by O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Sequential O -determinations O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -outflow O -and O -inflow O -, O -and O -rates O -of O -gluconeogenesis O -from O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -before O -, O -during O -and O -after O -insulin O -- O -induced O -hypoglycemia O -were O -obtained O -in O -relation O -to O -alterations O -in O -circulating O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -glucagon O -, O -cortisol B-Chemical -, O -and O -growth O -hormone O -in O -six O -normal O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -insulin O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -inflow O -and O -outflow O -were O -constant O -averaging O -125 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -h O -. O -15 O -min O -after O -insulin O -, O -mean O -glucose B-Chemical -outflow O -increased O -threefold O -, O -but O -then O -decreased O -at O -25 O -min O -, O -reaching O -a O -rate O -15 O -% O -less O -than O -the O -preinsulin O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Gluconeogenesis O -from O -alanine B-Chemical -decreased O -68 O -% O -15 O -min O -after O -insulin O -, O -but O -returned O -to O -preinsulin O -rates O -at O -25 O -min O -, O -and O -remained O -constant O -for O -the O -next O -25 O -min O -, O -after O -which O -it O -increased O -linearly O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -concentrations O -first O -increased O -significantly O -at O -25 O -min O -after O -insulin O -, O -whereas O -significantly O -increased O -levels O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -and O -glucagon O -occurred O -at O -30 O -min O -, O -and O -growth O -hormone O -at O -40 O -min O -after O -insulin O -. O - -aps B-category -Accelerated O -glycogenolysis O -produced O -much O -of O -the O -initial O -, O -posthypoglycemic O -increment O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -hormones O -studied O -, O -only O -the O -increments O -in O -plasma O -catecholamines B-Chemical -preceded O -or O -coincided O -with O -the O -measured O -increase O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -production O -after O -hypoglycemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -citrus O -pulp O -in O -high O -urea B-Chemical -rations O -for O -steers O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -criteria O -were O -concentrations O -of O -urea B-Chemical -in O -blood O -and O -of O -pH O -, O -ammonia B-Chemical -, O -and O -volatile O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -of O -rumen O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -urea B-Chemical -and O -rumen O -ammonia B-Chemical -decreased O -in O -steers O -fed O -19 O -, O -38 O -, O -or O -55 O -% O -pulp O -; O -thus O -, O -the O -acetic O -to O -propionic O -ratio O -was O -higher O -. O - -aps B-category -Phentolamine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -decreased O -non O -- O -receptor O -binding O -but O -it O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -binding O -of O -[ O -125I O -] O -IHYP O -to O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -in O -cortex O -, O -cerebellum O -or O -caudate O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspirin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -gastritis O -and O -gastrointestinal O -bleeding O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -hemorrhagic O -gastritis O -occurs O -in O -from O -50 O -% O -to O -70 O -% O -of O -all O -patients O -taking O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -is O -not O -directly O -related O -to O -dose O -size O -, O -and O -can O -be O -severe O -enough O -to O -cause O -death O -in O -a O -few O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -important O -in O -determining O -pharmaceutical O -formulation O -are O -method O -of O -administration O -, O -particle O -size O -of O -the O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -duration O -of O -contact O -between O -the O -drug O -and O -the O -mucosa O -, O -presence O -of O -buffers O -in O -the O -drug O -to O -raise O -the O -gastric O -pH O -, O -dissolution O -rate O -of O -the O -drug O -in O -the O -stomach O -, O -and O -ionization O -characteristics O -of O -the O -drug O -itself O -. O - -aps B-category -Dependence O -of O -the O -13C O -spin O -- O -- O -lattice O -relaxation O -time O -of O -1 O -- O -methylnicotinamide O -and O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pD O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lowered O -mortality O -rate O -during O -1968 O -- O -1973 O -for O -urologic O -sepsis O -/ O -shock O -was O -associated O -with O -improved O -management O -procedures O -: O -a O -) O -preventive O -measures O -such O -as O -postponement O -of O -urologic O -instrumentation O -and O -surgical O -intervention O -in O -patients O -infected O -with O -drug O -- O -resistant O -urea B-Chemical -splitters O -, O -until O -the O -infection O -is O -under O -control O -, O -with O -emergency O -surgical O -patients O -being O -treated O -by O -susceptibility O -- O -tested O -drugs O -to O -control O -possible O -postoperative O -complications O -; O -b O -) O -early O -diagnosis O -and O -treatment O -of O -sepsis O -and O -immediate O -administration O -of O -bactericidal O -antibiotics O -parenterally O -; O -c O -) O -immediate O -restoration O -of O -fluid O -/ O -electrolyte O -balance O -, O -with O -monitoring O -of O -renal O -and O -pulmonary O -functions O -and O -metabolic O -acidosis O -; O -and O -d O -) O -early O -administration O -of O -large O -pharmacologic O -doses O -of O -glucocorticoids O -, O -with O -monitoring O -of O -the O -microcirculation O -and O -use O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Fine O -structure O -of O -three O -different O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorescein I-Chemical -combining O -sites O -: O -induced O -circular O -dichroism O -of O -hapten O -bound O -to O -autologous O -and O -heterologous O -recombinants O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -induced O -CD O -depends O -on O -the O -configuration O -of O -the O -surrounding O -residues O -, O -and O -, O -in O -the O -case O -of O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorescein I-Chemical -, O -can O -be O -localized O -to O -the O -configuration O -of O -the O -sub O -- O -site O -which O -binds O -the O -hydroxyxanthenone O -moiety O -of O -fluorescein B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -significantly O -, O -fluorescein B-Chemical -bound O -to O -purified O -heterologous O -recombinants O -, O -prepared O -in O -all O -possible O -combinations O -, O -showed O -CD O -spectra O -most O -similar O -to O -those O -exhibited O -by O -sites O -from O -which O -the O -heavy O -chain O -was O -derived O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -topical O -application O -an O -ointment O -was O -found O -to O -be O -a O -better O -vehicle O -than O -polyvinyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -or O -dimethysulfoxide O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -mitochondria O -isolated O -from O -livers O -perfused O -with O -10 O -units O -of O -insulin O -per O -hour O -, O -the O -phosphorylative O -activity O -with O -glutamate B-Chemical -as O -a O -substrate O -increased O -to O -about O -160 O -per O -cent O -of O -control O -60 O -minutes O -after O -the O -beginning O -of O -perfusion O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -phospholipid O -vesicles O -for O -in O -vitro O -studies O -on O -cholesteryl B-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -hydrolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -this O -substrate O -, O -two O -different O -cholesteryl B-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -hydrolytic O -enzymes O -were O -demonstrated O -in O -subcellular O -fractions O -from O -the O -liver O -homogenates O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -enzyme O -assay O -was O -developed O -to O -measure O -the O -conversion O -of O -the O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -precursor O -, O -3alpha O -, O -7alpha O -, O -12alpha O -- O -trihydroxy O -- O -5beta O -- O -cholestan O -- O -26 O -- O -oic O -acid O -( O -THCA O -) O -, O -into O -cholic O -acid O -using O -homogenates O -of O -human O -liver O -biopsies O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -2 O -) O -Mevalonolactone O -was O -extracted O -into O -benzene B-Chemical -from O -the O -HMG O -CoA O -reductase O -assay O -mixture O -with O -an O -efficiency O -of O -58 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -influx O -was O -measured O -in O -isolated O -, O -previously O -perfused O -gill O -arches O -of O -rainbow O -trout O -, O -Salmo O -gairdneri O -, O -by O -measuring O -incorporation O -of O -22Na O -into O -gill O -tissue O -following O -timed O -exposure O -to O -a O -1 O -mM O -22NaCl O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Low B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -Ringer O -perfusate O -augmented O -Na O -+ O -influx O -; O -in O -one O -group O -of O -gills O -the O -transport O -rate O -was O -more O -than O -double O -that O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -Ringer O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Amiloride B-Chemical -completely O -inhibited O -Na O -+ O -influx O -, O -both O -with O -and O -without O -NH4 O -+ O -in O -the O -perfusate O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -concentration O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -in O -the O -haemolymph O -of O -Helix O -pomatia O -has O -been O -raised O -by O -the O -infusion O -of O -KCl O -, O -it O -falls O -approximately O -exponentially O -for O -a O -time O -and O -then O -tends O -to O -rise O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mobilization O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -is O -accompanied O -by O -the O -generation O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -in O -equivalent O -amounts O -, O -without O -much O -change O -in O -pH O -or O -Pco2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -rises O -in O -snalis O -that O -have O -been O -infused O -with O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Homeostasis O -seems O -to O -involve O -the O -maintenance O -of O -a O -proper O -balance O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -. O -gamma O -- O -Aminobutyric O -acid O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -and O -alanine B-Chemical -had O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -the O -resting O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylcholine O -and O -carbachol B-Chemical -appeared O -to O -act O -by O -modifying O -transmitter O -output O -from O -the O -salivary O -nerves O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -the O -most O -potent O -of O -the O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -tested O -, O -is O -the O -transmitter O -at O -this O -junction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -rates O -at O -24 O -cm O -/ O -sec O -and O -pH O -6 O -( O -423 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -- O -hr O -) O -and O -pH O -9 O -( O -367 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -- O -hr O -) O -were O -considerably O -higher O -than O -those O -determined O -near O -neutrality O -( O -328 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -- O -hr O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -T1 O -hairs O -are O -innervated O -by O -one O -sugar O -neuron O -, O -one O -mechanoreceptor O -, O -two O -salt B-Chemical -neurons O -and O -one O -water O -neuron O -. O - -aps B-category -the O -sequence O -of O -decreasing O -effeectiveness O -for O -the O -three O -salts O -tested O -was O -KCl O -greater O -than O -NaCl B-Chemical -greater O -than O -LiCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Proton O -transport O -by O -phosphate B-Chemical -diffusion O -- O -- O -a O -mechanism O -of O -facilitated O -CO2 O -transfer O -. O - -aps B-category -Temperature O -was O -22 O -- O -25 O -degrees O -C O -, O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -solutions O -was O -7 O -. O -0 O -- O -7 O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -immobilized O -by O -attaching O -0 O -. O -25 O -- O -mm O -- O -long O -cellulose O -particles O -, O -no O -facilitation O -of O -CO2 O -diffusion O -was O -detectable O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -a O -highly O -effective O -proton O -transport O -mechanism O -acts O -in O -solutions O -of O -mobile O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffers O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -different O -steady O -states O -the O -environment O -was O -controlled O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -concentrations O -of O -dissolved O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -, O -the O -pH O -, O -and O -the O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -morphology O -depended O -on O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -fructose O -or O -glucose B-Chemical -as O -a O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -a O -mixed O -morphology O -of O -yeast O -, O -pseudo O -- O -mycelial O -and O -mycelial O -forms O -was O -produced O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -, O -the O -synthesis O -of O -histidase O -, O -urocanase O -and O -amidase O -is O -severly O -repressed O -when O -succinate O -is O -added O -to O -a O -culture O -growing O -in O -pyruvate B-Chemical -+ O -ammonium B-Chemical -salts O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Amidase O -synthesis O -is O -not O -regulated O -in O -the O -same O -way O -as O -histidase O -synthesis O -by O -the O -availability O -of O -other O -nitrogen B-Chemical -compounds O -for O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -methyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ammonium I-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -is O -added O -to O -succinate O -+ O -histidine O -media O -, O -growth O -inhibition O -occurs O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -hut O -genes O -of O -P O -. O -aeruginosa O -may O -be O -regulated O -in O -the O -same O -way O -as O -in O -Klebsiella O -aerogenes O -, O -by O -induction O -by O -urocanate O -and O -activation O -by O -either O -the O -cyclic O -AMP O -- O -dependent O -activator O -protein O -or O -by O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -energy O -- O -dependent O -system O -was O -inhibited O -by O -KCN O -, O -Na2HAsO4 O -, O -m O -- O -chlorophenyl O -carbonylcyanide O -hydrazone O -, O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -, O -EDTA O -and O -diethylenetriaminepenta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -did O -not O -exchange O -recently O -accumulated O -toluene O -, O -or O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Efflux O -was O -only O -observed O -after O -the O -addition O -of O -toluene O -or O -nystatin O -, O -or O -when O -cells O -were O -heated O -to O -100 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Cells O -fed O -a O -large O -quantity O -of O -Zn2 O -+ O -contained O -a O -protein O -fraction O -resembling O -animal O -cell O -metallothionein B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -SHR O -, O -cerebral O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -cerebral O -lactate B-Chemical -/ O -pyruvate B-Chemical -ratio O -( O -L O -/ O -P O -ratio O -) O -increased O -by O -12 O -. O -4 O -and O -12 O -. O -1 O -times O -the O -control O -, O -respectively O -at O -five O -to O -six O -hours O -after O -ligation O -, O -and O -remained O -raised O -even O -in O -rats O -surviving O -for O -two O -to O -three O -days O -thereafter O -. O - -aps B-category -Skeletal O -muscle O -necrosis O -following O -membrane O -- O -active O -drugs O -plus O -serotonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -the O -skeletal O -muscle O -necrosis O -produced O -in O -male O -rats O -given O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -after O -pretreatment O -with O -imipramine B-Chemical -, O -other O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -, O -or O -antihistamines O -, O -which O -like O -the O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -, O -can O -block O -neuronal O -reuptake O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -significant O -difference O -in O -the O -incidence O -of O -necrosis O -in O -the O -soleus O -and O -quadriceps O -muscles O -following O -one O -of O -these O -agents O -plus O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -intraperitoneally O -( O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -necrosis O -produced O -by O -CP O -plus O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -s O -. O -c O -. O -was O -comparable O -ipsilateral O -and O -contralateral O -to O -the O -injection O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -muscle O -necrosis O -produced O -by O -CP O -plus O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -is O -blocked O -by O -some O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -blockers O -, O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -methiotepin O -and O -methysergide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -and O -the O -antihistamines O -are O -" O -membrane O -stabilizers O -- O -labilizers O -" O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -proposed O -that O -the O -effects O -of O -imipramine B-Chemical -plus O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -on O -skeletal O -muscle O -are O -not O -due O -to O -the O -blockade O -of O -neuronal O -uptake O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -subsequent O -vascular O -- O -induced O -ischemia O -, O -but O -reflect O -direct O -toxic O -effects O -of O -these O -agents O -on O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -meal O -- O -feeding O -on O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -rates O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -adipose O -tissue O -as O -well O -as O -the O -amounts O -of O -glycogen O -deposited O -in O -the O -adipose O -tissue O -were O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Guanosine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -precursor O -for O -flavinogenesis O -of O -Eremothecium O -Ashbyii O -. O - -aps B-category -Riboflavin O -formation O -in O -the O -culture O -filtrate O -was O -determined O -at O -0 O -, O -5 O -, O -10 O -and O -20 O -hr O -after O -start O -of O -the O -incubation O -of O -the O -non O -- O -growing O -cells O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -xanthine B-Chemical -or O -8 O -- O -azaguanine O -( O -1 O -mM O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -soluble O -nucleotide B-Chemical -pools O -in O -the O -cells O -were O -followed O -at O -0 O -, O -5 O -, O -10 O -and O -20 O -hr O -of O -the O -incubation O -period O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -xanthine B-Chemical -or O -8 O -- O -azaguanine O -by O -means O -of O -anion O -exchange O -column O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -But O -, O -the O -decrease O -of O -the O -former O -was O -overcome O -in O -part O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -flavinogenic O -xanthine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -guanosine B-Chemical -nucleotide B-Chemical -pool O -in O -riboflavin B-Chemical -formation O -was O -further O -examined O -using O -8 O -- O -azaguanine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -guanosine B-Chemical -nucleotide B-Chemical -pool O -( O -consisting O -of O -GMP O -, O -GDP O -and O -GTP O -) O -increased O -simultaneously O -with O -the O -inhibition O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -above O -results O -suggest O -strongly O -that O -GTP O -is O -an O -immediate O -precursor O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -in O -the O -form O -of O -nucleotide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -kinds O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -were O -not O -damaged O -until O -lysozyme O -was O -incubated O -with O -LA O -and O -LAHPO O -at O -45 O -degrees O -C O -for O -100 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -loss O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -by O -SP O -occurs O -during O -acid O -- O -hydrolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stability O -of O -cannabis B-Chemical -and O -its O -preparations O -on O -storage O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -claims O -that O -solutions O -in O -ethanol B-Chemical -were O -stable O -have O -not O -been O -substantiated O -. O - -aps B-category -Loss O -of O -tetrahydrocannabinol O -after O -exposure O -to O -light O -does O -not O -lead B-Chemical -to O -an O -increase O -in O -cannabinol O -, O -but O -air O -oxidation O -in O -the O -dark O -does O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -release O -of O -resorcinol O -( O -5 O -% O -) O -from O -hydrogels O -( O -Carbopol O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -carboxymethylcellulose O -, O -starch O -) O -, O -lipogels O -( O -alcoholic O -- O -base O -, O -esteric O -- O -bases O -containing O -different O -amounts O -of O -beeswax O -with O -and O -without O -a O -spreading O -additive O -, O -respectively O -) O -and O -Labrafils O -has O -been O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -infusion O -of O -dextran B-Chemical -( O -mean O -molecular O -weight O -70000 O -) O -in O -normal O -saline O -( O -either O -1 O -litre O -or O -500 O -ml O -) O -was O -given O -to O -patients O -undergoing O -hysterectomy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -persistence O -of O -dextran B-Chemical -in O -the O -plasma O -in O -these O -amounts O -and O -for O -this O -length O -of O -time O -may O -have O -considerable O -implications O -in O -the O -prophylaxis O -of O -postoperative O -deep O -venous O -thrombosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absorption O -and O -elimination O -of O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -have O -been O -studied O -in O -the O -rat O -, O -rabbit O -and O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -in O -the O -rabbit O -and O -in O -the O -dog O -suggest O -that O -the O -liver O -plays O -an O -active O -role O -reducing O -the O -systemic O -availability O -of O -unchanged O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -after O -oral O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Infusions O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -1 O -- O -3 O -mug O -ml O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -min O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -) O -into O -the O -mesenteric O -vascular O -preparation O -of O -the O -rabbit O -caused O -a O -2 O -to O -5 O -fold O -rise O -in O -perfusion O -pressure O -and O -a O -release O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -material O -( O -3 O -. O -23 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -65 O -( O -s O -. O -e O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Indomethacin B-Chemical -( O -3 O -mug O -ml O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -) O -prevented O -whereas O -arachidonic O -acid O -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -mug O -ml O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -) O -augmented O -, O -the O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -evoked I-Chemical -release O -of O -a O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -material O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -some O -polyene O -macrolides B-Chemical -on O -absorption O -from O -the O -small O -intestine O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -treatment O -with O -candicidin O -and O -its O -presence O -at O -various O -concentrations O -in O -the O -gut O -loop O -perfusion O -experiments O -inhibited O -[ O -3H O -] O -cholesterol B-Chemical -absorption O -although O -a O -smaller O -effect O -was O -also O -obtained O -with O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -and O -nystatin O -at O -higher O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -assessment O -of O -the O -cardiovascular O -sympathectomy O -induced O -by O -guanethidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -While O -these O -changes O -are O -consistent O -with O -a O -sympathectomy O -, O -the O -unaltered O -pressor O -responses O -to O -physostigmine B-Chemical -( O -100 O -mug O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -, O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Identification O -of O -2 O -, O -6 O -- O -dichlorophenylguanidine O -as O -a O -metabolite O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -but O -not O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -facilitates O -the O -action O -of O -behaviourally O -ineffective O -doses O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -gamma O -- O -Aminobutyric O -acid O -: O -the O -essential O -mediator O -of O -behaviour O -triggered O -by O -neostriatally O -applied O -apomorphine B-Chemical -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -involvement O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -in O -the O -contractile O -action O -of O -bradykinin B-Chemical -on O -rat O -terminal O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -Concerning O -the O -merits O -of O -copper B-Chemical -aspirin B-Chemical -as O -a O -potential O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -affecting O -the O -binding O -of O -tricyclic O -tranquillizers O -and O -antidepressants B-Chemical -to O -human O -serum O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversed O -ester O -analogues O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -: O -isomeric O -4 O -- O -acetoxy O -- O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -6 O -- O -trimethyl O -- O -4 O -- O -phenylpiperidines O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -, O -together O -with O -reported O -data O -, O -demonstrate O -the O -potency O -raising O -effects O -of O -axial O -methyl O -alpha O -- O -to O -nitrogen B-Chemical -and O -the O -lowering O -action O -of O -equatorial O -alpha O -- O -methyl O -substituents O -in O -reversed O -esters O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Phosvitin O -alone O -was O -found O -to O -prevent O -the O -hypoxia O -- O -induced O -T O -- O -wave O -changes O -( O -flattening O -or O -disappearance O -) O -, O -which O -were O -also O -temporarily O -aggravated O -by O -injection O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intestinal O -transfer O -of O -different O -tetracyclines O -dissolved O -in O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -Krebs O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -buffer O -solution O -, O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -, O -was O -studied O -using O -the O -everted O -ileum O -of O -the O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -to O -the O -buffer O -greatly O -reduced O -the O -transfer O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -; O -this O -inhibition O -could O -be O -antagonized O -by O -EDTA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -these O -ions O -on O -tetracycline B-Chemical -transfer O -seemed O -due O -to O -chelation O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Body O -temperature O -control O -and O -arterial O -gases O -during O -halothane B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Serotoninergic O -involvement O -in O -the O -effect O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -on O -body O -temperature O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -mazindol B-Chemical -on O -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -into O -human O -isolated O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Sex O -specific O -differences O -in O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -its O -inhibition O -by O -maprotiline O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -crystal O -forms O -of O -sulphathiazole O -, O -barbitone O -and O -aspirin B-Chemical -were O -compressed O -in O -a O -single O -- O -punch O -tablet O -machine O -instrumented O -to O -monitor O -axially O -applied O -and O -radially O -transmitted O -forces O -, O -and O -upper O -punch O -movement O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potencies O -of O -19 O -reference O -morphine B-Chemical -antagonists O -have O -been O -compared O -in O -a O -modified O -version O -of O -the O -mouse O -jumping O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -relative O -potencies O -obtained O -with O -the O -mouse O -test O -and O -with O -non O -- O -withdrawn O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -monkeys O -gave O -a O -Spearman O -rank O -order O -coefficient O -of O -0 O -. O -91 O -while O -a O -similar O -comparison O -with O -values O -obtained O -with O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -isolated O -ileum O -preparation O -also O -gave O -a O -high O -correlation O -coefficient O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -92 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -drugs O -to O -produce O -the O -narcotic O -discriminative O -stimulus O -complex O -is O -found O -to O -be O -highly O -correlated O -with O -their O -analgesic O -activity O -; O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -no O -relation O -with O -their O -antidiarrhoeal O -activity O -is O -evident O -. O - -aps B-category -Superfused O -hamster O -stomach O -strip O -has O -been O -used O -in O -the O -bioassay O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -( O -PGE2 B-Chemical -) O -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -treatment O -with O -physostigmine B-Chemical -the O -sensitivity O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -was O -10 O -( O -- O -15 O -) O -g O -ml O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diarrhoea O -may O -result O -from O -an O -osmotic O -effect O -of O -the O -lactose O -itself O -or O -its O -poorly O -- O -absorbed O -acidic O -products O -of O -fermentation O -( O -Weijers O -, O -van O -de O -Kamer O -& O -amp O -; O -others O -, O -1961 O -; O -Christopher O -& O -amp O -; O -Bayless O -, O -1971 O -) O -, O -possibly O -together O -with O -an O -alteration O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -water O -absorption O -due O -to O -the O -lowered O -colonic O -pH O -( O -Rousseau O -& O -amp O -; O -Sladen O -, O -1971 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -and O -4 O -day O -old O -embryonic O -chicken O -hearts O -were O -examined O -for O -their O -responsiveness O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -presence O -of O -acetylcholinesterase O -( O -AChE O -) O -to O -determine O -the O -role O -of O -the O -enzyme O -in O -the O -cardiac O -effects O -of O -the O -transmitter O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -were O -readily O -blocked O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -at O -both O -stages O -of O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -on O -the O -rates O -of O -4 O -day O -old O -hearts O -is O -of O -short O -duration O -( O -5 O -min O -or O -less O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -Propranolol I-Chemical -hydrochloride O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -twice O -daily O -, O -subcutaneously O -, O -for O -3 O -days O -or O -approximately O -2 O -. O -4 O -mg O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -daily O -, O -orally O -, O -for O -21 O -days O -) O -failed O -to O -produce O -ptosis O -or O -to O -affect O -responses O -to O -transmural O -stimulation O -of O -isolated O -vasa O -deferentia O -removed O -from O -treated O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -lower O -concentrations O -( O -0 O -. O -04 O -and O -0 O -. O -2 O -mug O -ml O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -marginally O -potentiated O -responses O -to O -transmural O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -to O -electrical O -stimulation O -through O -concentric O -ring O -electrodes O -was O -reduced O -by O -low O -concentrations O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -but O -this O -effect O -is O -ascribed O -to O -the O -known O -local O -anaesthetic O -actions O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -no O -evidence O -of O -true O -adrenergic O -neuron O -blockade O -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Solubilities O -and O -dissolution O -rates O -of O -salicylic O -acid O -have O -been O -determined O -in O -urea B-Chemical -solutions O -at O -different O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -solubilization O -effect O -of O -urea B-Chemical -was O -greatest O -on O -the O -non O -- O -ionzed O -moieties O -of O -the O -solute O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -solubilizing O -effect O -in O -the O -enhancement O -of O -dissolution O -rate O -by O -urea B-Chemical -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Solubility O -and O -dialysis O -methods O -were O -used O -to O -study O -the O -solubilization O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -, O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -in O -aqueous O -long O -- O -chain O -polyoxyethylene O -non O -- O -ionic O -surfactant O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -standard O -free O -energy O -change O -, O -deltaGOS O -, O -for O -the O -solubilization O -of O -the O -steroids B-Chemical -decreased O -with O -decrease O -in O -steroid B-Chemical -polarity O -and O -surfactant O -hydrophilic O -chain O -length O -but O -was O -essentially O -independent O -of O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -non O -- O -ionic O -surfactants O -on O -permeation O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -, O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -across O -cellulose O -acetate O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -process O -depended O -mainly O -on O -membrane O -- O -water O -partition O -coefficients O -of O -the O -steroids B-Chemical -so O -that O -the O -least O -polar O -compound O -permeated O -the O -fastest O -. O - -aps B-category -n O -- O -C16 O -Polyoxyethylene O -surfactants O -when O -present O -below O -and O -above O -the O -cmc O -increased O -the O -steroids B-Chemical -permeation O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -Limiting O -factors O -in O -the O -antagonism O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -differences O -between O -the O -optical O -isomers O -of O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -: O -evidence O -for O -metabolic O -inversion O -of O -the O -( O -- O -) O -- O -isomer O -. O - -aps B-category -method O -for O -the O -separation O -of O -picogram O -quantities O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -codeine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -the O -butyl O -homologues O -of O -delta1 O -- O -tetrahydrocannabinol O -, O -cannabinol O -and O -cannabidiol O -in O -samples O -of O -cannabis B-Chemical -by O -combined O -gas O -chromatography O -and O -mass O -spectrometry O -. O - -aps B-category -Tremorine O -- O -oxotremorine O -- O -induced O -tremor O -, O -hypothermia O -and O -analgesia O -, O -and O -physostigmine B-Chemical -toxicity O -, O -in O -mice O -after O -pretreatment O -with O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -above O -compounds O -suppressed O -the O -induced O -peripheral O -cholinergic O -phenomena O -; O -or O -possessed O -any O -central O -anticholinergic O -activity O -, O -as O -they O -were O -unable O -to O -afford O -protection O -against O -physostigmine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -death O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -preparation O -was O -contracted O -by O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -, O -carbachol B-Chemical -, O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -and O -decamethonium O -( O -pD2 O -values O -, O -4 O -- O -2 O -, O -5 O -- O -3 O -, O -7 O -- O -3 O -and O -7 O -- O -4 O -, O -respectively O -) O -through O -an O -action O -on O -a O -curare O -- O -sensitive O -cholinoceptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Tubocurarine O -and O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -presumably O -competitively O -antagonized O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -pA2 O -values O -, O -7 O -- O -3 O -and O -5 O -- O -8 O -) O -; O -lobeline O -was O -a O -non O -- O -competitive O -antagonist O -( O -pD O -' O -2 O -value O -, O -6 O -- O -4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Tubocurarine O -, O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -and O -decamethonium O -exhibited O -their O -typical O -action O -when O -tested O -with O -spermatic O -nerve O -- O -cremaster O -muscle O -preparation O -; O -the O -latter O -two O -drugs O -also O -produced O -muscle O -spasm O -. O - -aps B-category -Mediation O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -in O -the O -biphasic O -response O -to O -ATP O -of O -the O -isolated O -tracheal O -muscle O -of O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -Indomethacin B-Chemical -( O -0 O -- O -1 O -mug O -m1 O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -and O -aspirin B-Chemical -( O -30 O -mug O -m1 O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -) O -completely O -abolished O -the O -ATP O -- O -induced O -inhibitory O -response O -observed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -muM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -response O -to O -ATP O -of O -the O -preparation O -is O -mediated O -by O -PGE2 B-Chemical -released O -via O -the O -stimulation O -of O -its O -biosynthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -Asp1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Val5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -( O -A O -II O -) O -and O -Asp1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Ile5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -I O -( O -A O -I O -) O -have O -been O -studied O -on O -the O -isolated O -continuously O -superfused O -cat O -tracheal O -muscle O -contracted O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -bradykinin B-Chemical -, O -A O -I O -and O -A O -II O -have O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -inhibited O -by O -aspirin B-Chemical -but O -not O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -metiamide O -, O -SC O -19220 O -or O -a O -specific O -, O -competitive O -antagonist O -of O -A O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -Trifluoperazine O -, O -pimozide O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -were O -inactive O -. O - -aps B-category -Solid O -dispersion O -systems O -of O -salicylic O -acid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -have O -been O -prepared O -using O -a O -fusion O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Temperature O -- O -related O -incompatibility O -between O -gelatin O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -in O -sugar O -- O -coated O -tablets O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -Lilly O -110140 O -, O -a O -specific O -inhibitor O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -uptake O -, O -on O -food O -intake O -and O -on O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -anorexia O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -superfusion O -technique O -for O -studying O -release O -of O -radiolabelled O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -from O -blood O -platelets O -without O -interference O -of O -reuptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Mass O -spectrometric O -determination O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -, O -F2alpha O -and O -A2 O -in O -the O -cortex O -and O -medulla O -of O -the O -rabbit O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -discovery O -of O -uptake O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -in O -1930 O -- O -1933 O -and O -the O -development O -of O -the O -adrenergic O -fibre O -from O -a O -cholinergic O -fibre O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drugs O -investigated O -included O -adiphenine O -hydrochloride O -, O -piperidolate O -hydrochloride O -, O -benztropine B-Chemical -mesylate O -, O -orphenadrine O -hydrochloride O -, O -chlorphenoxamine O -hydrochloride O -, O -lachesine O -hydrochloride O -, O -poldine O -methylsulphate O -, O -pipenzolate O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -clidinium O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -benzilonium O -bromide B-Chemical -and O -ambutonium O -bromide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Fluorimetric O -assay O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -mixtures O -. O - -aps B-category -Assay O -within O -the O -therapeutic O -ranges O -of O -0 O -- O -5 O -mg O -litre O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -is O -achieved O -by O -formation O -of O -strongly O -fluorescent O -aluminum B-Chemical -/ O -tetracycline B-Chemical -complexes O -, O -without O -prior O -extraction O -or O -separation O -of O -the O -individual O -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -can O -be O -similarly O -applied O -to O -the O -assay O -of O -oxytetracycline O -, O -rolitetracycline O -and O -minocycline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacological O -activities O -of O -beta O -- O -hydroxylated O -tryptamines O -were O -tested O -in O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -on O -resistance O -of O -respiratory O -pathways O -, O -spontaneous O -respiration O -, O -electrocardiogram O -, O -blood O -pressure O -and O -isolated O -ileum O -, O -using O -tryptamine O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -as O -reference O -substances O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -gallamine O -- O -immobilized O -cats O -, O -the O -caudate O -nucleus O -and O -the O -nucleus O -accumbens O -septi O -were O -perfused O -by O -means O -of O -a O -push O -- O -pull O -cannula O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -was O -measured O -in O -the O -perfusate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -was O -similar O -in O -both O -regions O -whereas O -that O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -was O -more O -pronounced O -in O -the O -nucleus O -accumbens O -than O -in O -the O -caudate O -nucleus O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -following O -probenecid O -administration O -, O -the O -net O -effect O -of O -these O -drugs O -on O -homovanillic O -acid O -accumulation O -was O -more O -marked O -in O -the O -limbic O -system O -than O -in O -the O -striatum O -whereas O -haolperidol O -and O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -had O -a O -similar O -effect O -in O -the O -two O -regions O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -possibly O -accounts O -for O -the O -fact O -that O -sulpiride B-Chemical -, O -clozapine B-Chemical -and O -thioridazine B-Chemical -display O -an O -antipsychotic O -action O -and O -yet O -cause O -less O -extrapyramidal O -side O -effects O -than O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -on O -blood O -pressure O -in O -the O -anaesthetized O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Either O -rapid O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -or O -slow O -infusion O -of O -alpha O -- O -methyldopate O -, O -was O -less O -effective O -in O -lowering O -blood O -pressure O -than O -infusion O -of O -free O -alpha O -methyldopa B-Chemical -in O -dogs O -of O -equivalent O -bodyweight O -. O - -aps B-category -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Methyldopa I-Chemical -was O -therefore O -capable O -of O -producing O -hypotension O -in O -the O -dog O -but O -no O -evidence O -was O -obtained O -for O -this O -being O -the O -result O -of O -an O -action O -within O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -hemicholinium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -( O -HC O -- O -3 O -) O -on O -responses O -of O -the O -rat O -isolated O -bladder O -and O -ileum O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -carbachol B-Chemical -was O -investigated O -in O -the O -absence O -and O -presence O -of O -a O -number O -of O -anticholinesterases O -. O - -aps B-category -Responses O -to O -carbachol B-Chemical -were O -not O -potentiated O -by O -the O -anticholinesterases O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -physostigmine B-Chemical -or O -DFP O -responses O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -were O -inhibited O -by O -HC O -- O -3 O -but O -no O -such O -inhibition O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -BW284C51 O -, O -edrophonium B-Chemical -or O -iso O -- O -OMPA O -or O -a O -combination O -of O -the O -latter O -two O -anticholinesterases O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -ileum O -, O -responses O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -were O -increased O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -DFP O -, O -edrophonium B-Chemical -and O -physostigmine B-Chemical -but O -were O -unaffected O -by O -iso O -- O -Ompa O -. O - -aps B-category -HC O -- O -3 O -( O -2 O -. O -8 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -inhibited O -responses O -to O -both O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -carbachol B-Chemical -in O -the O -ileum O -and O -the O -degree O -of O -inhibition O -was O -not O -significantly O -altered O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -any O -of O -the O -anticholinesterases O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -effect O -was O -noted O -with O -DFP O -but O -not O -with O -edrophonium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -in O -addition O -to O -an O -inhibitory O -action O -on O -the O -post O -- O -junctional O -muscarinic O -receptor O -HC O -- O -3 O -may O -interfere O -with O -the O -anticholinesterase O -activity O -of O -some O -cholinesterase O -inhibitors O -such O -as O -physostigmine B-Chemical -and O -DFP O -but O -not O -edrophonium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -stomach O -emptying O -rate O -on O -tissue O -radioactivity O -after O -[ O -14C O -] O -imipramine B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -methysergide B-Chemical -on O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -turnover O -in O -whole O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -long O -- O -lasting O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -N O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -chloroethyl O -) O -- O -N O -- O -ethyl O -- O -2 O -- O -bromobenzylamine O -( O -DSP O -4 O -) O -on O -the O -active O -uptake O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -antimonyl O -tartrate O -on O -the O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -contents O -in O -the O -cerebral O -hemispheres O -of O -normal O -and O -Schistosoma O -mansoni O -infected O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -compression O -properties O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -carbonates O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -highly O -selective O -and O -sensitive O -spectrophotometric O -determination O -of O -cobalt B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -was O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -other O -metals O -form O -colored O -chelates O -with O -the O -ligand O -, O -it O -was O -possible O -to O -develop O -a O -selective O -method O -using O -McIlvaine O -' O -s O -pH O -8 O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -do O -not O -form O -colored O -chelates O -with O -the O -used O -ligand O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sensitivity O -is O -0 O -. O -37 O -mug O -of O -cobalt B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -/ O -ml O -of O -sample O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -edetate O -disodium O -and O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -on O -absorption O -of O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -from O -GI O -tract O -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -1 O -% O -( O -w O -/ O -v O -) O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -and O -1 O -% O -( O -w O -/ O -v O -) O -( O -24 O -mM O -) O -edetate O -disodium O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -gastric O -absorption O -, O -drug O -absorption O -from O -the O -rat O -intestine O -( O -1 O -hr O -) O -was O -increased O -1 O -. O -5 O -and O -2 O -times O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Equilibrium O -dialysis O -studies O -showed O -that O -reduced O -glutathion O -could O -reduce O -the O -fraction O -of O -drug O -bound O -to O -human O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -B O -by O -one O -- O -half O -when O -present O -in O -a O -molar O -ratio O -10 O -times O -that O -of O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -; O -edetate O -disodium O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -in O -vitro O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -Chlorpromazine O -metabolism O -VIII O -: O -blood O -levels O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -and O -its O -sulfoxide O -in O -schizophrenic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectrophotometric O -determination O -of O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -using O -dipicrylamine O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -yellow O -complex O -forms O -and O -is O -easily O -extractable O -by O -chloroform B-Chemical -at O -pH O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Methanesulfonanilides O -, O -like O -soterenol O -and O -mesuprine O -, O -which O -are O -bioisosteric O -with O -adrenergic O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -form O -fluorescent O -species O -when O -subjected O -to O -the O -trihydroxyindole O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -ring O -isomer O -of O -soterenol O -, O -where O -the O -methanesulfonamido O -and O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -groups O -were O -interchanged O -, O -produced O -only O -about O -5 O -% O -as O -much O -fluorescence O -response O -as O -soterenol O -. O - -aps B-category -Approximately O -equal O -amounts O -( O -10 O -- O -15 O -% O -) O -of O -the O -mono O -- O -N O -- O -propyl O -, O -secondary O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -and O -carboxylic O -acid O -metabolites O -were O -excreted O -in O -the O -unconjugated O -from O -with O -only O -traces O -in O -the O -conjugated O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitrofurantoin O -solubility O -in O -aqueous O -urea B-Chemical -and O -creatinine B-Chemical -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -urea B-Chemical -to O -aqueous O -media O -increased O -nitrofurantoin O -solubility O -up O -to O -a O -maximum O -concentration O -level O -and O -then O -decreased O -solubility O -at O -higher O -urea B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectral O -studies O -suggest O -a O -possible O -interaction O -between O -urea B-Chemical -and O -nitrofurantoin O -molecules O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectral O -studies O -indicate O -a O -strong O -interaction O -between O -creatinine B-Chemical -and O -nitrofurantoin O -molecules O -in O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -pH O -and O -route O -of O -injection O -on O -acute O -toxicity O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Depending O -on O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -formulation O -, O -either O -water O -or O -a O -solvent O -system O -of O -water O -and O -60 O -% O -( O -v O -/ O -v O -) O -propylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -was O -employed O -thus O -ensuring O -complete O -solution O -of O -the O -drug O -at O -all O -pH O -values O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -Monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibition O -and O -the O -induction O -of O -ponto O -- O -geniculo O -- O -occipital O -wave O -activity O -by O -reserpine B-Chemical -in O -the O -cat O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -action O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -was O -blocked O -by O -the O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitors O -, O -pheniprazine O -, O -harmaline O -and O -clorgyline O -, O -but O -not O -deprenyl O -or O -its O -demethylated O -analog O -. O - -aps B-category -Clorgyline O -in O -low O -doses O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -at O -which O -it O -is O -a O -specific O -inhibitor O -of O -type O -A O -monoamine O -oxidase O -, O -antagonized O -the O -action O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -for O -over O -2 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -antagonism O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -, O -suppression O -of O -rapid O -eye O -movement O -sleep O -by O -these O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitors O -could O -be O -temporally O -dissociated O -from O -their O -inhibition O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -studies O -on O -angiotensin B-Chemical -tachyphylaxis O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -22 O -degrees O -C O -, O -both O -tissues O -displayed O -rapid O -tachyphylaxis O -to O -[ O -Asp1 O -] O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -which O -was O -reversed O -on O -prolonged O -incubation O -in O -peptide O -- O -free O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rat O -uterus O -, O -at O -30 O -degrees O -C O -, O -displayed O -tachyphylaxis O -to O -[ O -Asp1 O -] O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -and O -analogs O -in O -order O -of O -rate O -of O -onset O -: O -[ O -Sar1 O -] O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -greater O -than O -[ O -Asp1 O -] O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -greater O -than O -[ O -des O -- O -Asp1 O -] O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -a O -correlation O -between O -affinity O -of O -the O -peptide O -analog O -for O -angiotensin B-Chemical -receptor O -and O -its O -ability O -to O -induce O -tachyphylaxis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -a O -previously O -reported O -compound O -( O -SK O -& O -amp O -; O -F O -7698 O -) O -, O -the O -drug O -is O -only O -a O -weak O -alpha O -receptor O -antagonist O -( O -KB O -= O -6 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -evidence O -for O -in O -vivo O -phenylethanolamine O -N O -- O -methyltransferase O -inhibitory O -activity O -was O -that O -the O -drug O -markedly O -inhibited O -the O -conversion O -of O -a O -tracer O -dose O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norepinephrine I-Chemical -to O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -epinephrine I-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -adrenal O -gland O -after O -unit O -oral O -doses O -as O -low O -as O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Metoclopramide B-Chemical -has O -a O -dual O -effect O -on O -intestinal O -smooth O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Higher O -concentrations O -produce O -a O -depression O -of O -smooth O -muscle O -responses O -which O -is O -characteristic O -of O -the O -tertiary O -amine B-Chemical -local O -anesthetics O -. O - -aps B-category -Guanidine O -or O -tetraethylammonium O -( O -TEA O -) O -increased O -m O -and O -n O -, O -but O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -p O -. O -At O -junctions O -depressed O -by O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tubocurarine I-Chemical -, O -both O -compounds O -enhanced O -the O -amplitude O -of O -the O -initial O -end O -- O -plate O -potential O -, O -caused O -an O -accelerated O -rate O -of O -fade O -of O -end O -- O -plate O -potential O -amplitudes O -and O -raised O -the O -steady O -- O -state O -level O -of O -end O -- O -plate O -potential O -amplitude O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -on O -the O -disposition O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -these O -circumstances O -, O -the O -blood O -ammonia B-Chemical -, O -is O -more O -than O -double O -that O -when O -the O -NH4 O -+ O -is O -given O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylglutamate O -- O -catalyzed O -urea B-Chemical -synthesis O -was O -completely O -inhibited O -by O -45 O -mM O -octanoate O -and O -was O -depressed O -46 O -% O -by O -9 O -. O -5 O -mM O -octanoate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -critical O -step O -in O -this O -interference O -with O -ammonia B-Chemical -metabolism O -was O -the O -inhibition O -of O -carbamyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -likewise O -inhibited O -in O -liver O -( O -83 O -% O -) O -and O -brain O -( O -43 O -% O -) O -by O -13 O -mM O -octanoate O -, O -whereas O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -was O -unaffected O -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -liver O -microsomes O -contain O -a O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -inducible O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -dependent O -, O -reductive O -glycosidase O -capable O -of O -cleaving O -several O -anthracycline B-Chemical -antibiotics O -, O -including O -adriamycin B-Chemical -and O -daunorubicin B-Chemical -, O -to O -deoxyaglycone O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbon O -monoxide O -, O -SKF O -525A O -and O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -reagents O -are O -not O -inhibitory O -to O -the O -reaction O -, O -but O -the O -enzyme O -is O -sensitive O -to O -Cu O -+ O -+ O -and O -Zn O -+ O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Neutral O -protease O -activity O -and O -erythropoietin O -production O -in O -the O -rat O -after O -cobalt B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -a O -plasma O -protease O -was O -also O -elevated O -in O -rats O -after O -cobalt B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholestyramine O -- O -induced O -inhibition O -of O -salicylazosulfapyridine O -( O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -) O -metabolism O -by O -rat O -intestinal O -microflora O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -several O -narcotics O -, O -narcotic O -antagonists O -- O -analgesics O -and O -narcotic O -antagonists O -on O -the O -synthesis O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -in O -mouse O -brain O -were O -estimated O -and O -related O -to O -their O -activity O -in O -the O -tail O -- O -flick O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -produced O -dose O -- O -related O -increases O -in O -both O -tail O -- O -flick O -activity O -and O -catecholamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -these O -same O -conditions O -, O -drugs O -which O -are O -inactive O -in O -the O -tail O -- O -flick O -test O -, O -such O -as O -pentazocine B-Chemical -, O -produced O -a O -decrease O -in O -catecholamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -and O -cyclazocine O -; O -naloxone B-Chemical -and O -naltrexone O -were O -without O -significant O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -was O -devoid O -of O -either O -activity O -2 O -minutes O -after O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Naloxone B-Chemical -blocked O -both O -the O -antinociceptive O -action O -and O -the O -increased O -catecholamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -produced O -by O -both O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -methadone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -support O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -brain O -catecholamines B-Chemical -may O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -central O -mediation O -of O -the O -tail O -- O -flick O -response O -and O -other O -actions O -of O -the O -narcotic O -analgesics O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -discriminative O -effects O -produced O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -were O -evaluated O -using O -a O -two O -- O -choice O -, O -discrete O -trial O -avoidance O -task O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -produced O -dose O -- O -related O -discriminative O -effects O -over O -a O -100 O -- O -fold O -dose O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -discriminative O -effects O -produced O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -were O -further O -characterized O -by O -evaluating O -the O -capacity O -of O -prototypes O -of O -other O -classes O -of O -psychoactive O -drugs O -to O -produce O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -discriminative O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -nonopioid O -psychoactive O -drugs O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -, O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -and O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -also O -failed O -to O -produce O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -discriminative O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -component O -of O -action O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -that O -enables O -it O -to O -function O -as O -a O -discriminative O -stimulus O -in O -the O -rat O -is O -analogous O -to O -the O -component O -of O -action O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -responsible O -for O -producing O -subjective O -effects O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Polyribosomes O -were O -protected O -from O -nuclease O -degradation O -using O -100 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -heparin B-Chemical -or O -50 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -dextran B-Chemical -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -6 O -. O -8 O -- O -7 O -. O -6 O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -Pentamidine B-Chemical -transport O -and O -sensitivity O -in O -brucei O -- O -group O -trypanosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Analyses O -of O -transport O -parameters O -for O -pentamidine B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -these O -organisms O -show O -differences O -that O -correspond O -with O -drug O -sensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -pentamidine B-Chemical -and O -stilbamidine O -resistance O -is O -associated O -with O -dyskinetoplasty O -, O -this O -condition O -does O -not O -itself O -confer O -resistance O -to O -pentamidine B-Chemical -nor O -does O -it O -affect O -pentamidine B-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -all O -the O -forms O -and O -strains O -studied O -, O -procyclic O -trypomastigotes O -were O -least O -sensitive O -to O -pentamidine B-Chemical -and O -had O -a O -remarkable O -ability O -to O -exclude O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -inhibiting O -colonies O -had O -an O -unusual O -brown O -colouration O -on O -the O -charcoal B-Chemical -agar O -used O -in O -the O -investigation O -. O - -aps B-category -La O -ion O -behaves O -as O -a O -competitive O -inhibitor O -of O -Ca O -ions O -on O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -spike O -in O -the O -giant O -muscle O -fiber O -of O -the O -barnacle O -, O -Balanus O -nubilus O -. O - -aps B-category -Growth O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -combined O -treatment O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -( O -TC O -) O -and O -oleandomycin O -( O -OM O -) O -, O -at O -a O -ratio O -of O -2 O -: O -1 O -, O -on O -certain O -species O -of O -pathogenic O -bacteria O -including O -drug O -- O -resistant O -ones O -was O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -anesthesia O -with O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -and O -thoracotomy O -, O -the O -DOC O -rats O -were O -no O -longer O -hypertensive O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Radioreceptor O -assay O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -make O -the O -complex O -, O -iodine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -125 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -human I-Chemical -prolactin O -was O -incubated O -with O -prolactin O -receptors O -isolated O -from O -female O -rat O -liver O -cell O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mammary O -cells O -from O -hyposectomized O -animals O -lost O -the O -binding O -ability O -, O -and O -this O -ability O -was O -not O -recovered O -even O -by O -estrogen B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -no O -significant O -alteration O -of O -32P O -incorporation O -into O -major O -phospholipids O -such O -as O -phosphatidylcholine O -, O -phosphatidylethanolamine O -and O -sphingomyelin O -was O -demonstrated O -in O -the O -compensatory O -hypertrophied O -mouse O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -administrations O -of O -taurine O -( O -4 O -- O -7 O -g O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -, O -for O -3 O -days O -) O -prevented O -the O -stress O -- O -induced O -decline O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -in O -the O -adrenal O -gland O -and O -this O -preventive O -effect O -could O -not O -be O -duplicated O -by O -the O -administration O -of O -L O -- O -isoleucine O -or O -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Taurine O -had O -no O -significant O -effects O -on O -the O -stress O -- O -induced O -increase O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -adrenal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -the O -turnover O -rate O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -in O -the O -adrenal O -gland O -measured O -by O -the O -rate O -of O -decline O -of O -this O -amine B-Chemical -following O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stress O -- O -induced O -elevation O -of O -the O -blood O -level O -of O -corticosterone B-Chemical -was O -not O -affected O -by O -taurine O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -regulatory O -mechanism O -most O -likly O -involves O -the O -inhibition O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -release O -from O -adrenal O -medullary O -granules O -, O -possibly O -by O -stabilizing O -the O -membrane O -of O -the O -granules O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -prospective O -, O -randomized O -study O -was O -performed O -to O -compare O -syrup O -of O -ipecac O -to O -apomorphine B-Chemical -as O -the O -emetic O -of O -choice O -in O -poisoning O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Emesis O -was O -successfully O -induced O -with O -initial O -therapy O -in O -13 O -of O -15 O -( O -87 O -% O -) O -ipecac O -- O -treated O -patients O -and O -10 O -of O -13 O -( O -77 O -% O -) O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -apomorphine B-Chemical -group O -significant O -CNS O -depression O -developed O -in O -eight O -patients O -( O -62 O -% O -) O -, O -hypotension O -developed O -in O -five O -( O -38 O -% O -) O -and O -respiratory O -depression O -in O -one O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -with O -an O -in O -vitro O -model O -that O -hemoperfusion O -through O -Amberlite O -XAD4 O -or O -coated O -charcoal B-Chemical -containing O -cartridges O -eliminates O -carbromal O -and O -its O -ureid O -derivatives O -more O -efficiently O -than O -hemodialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -measurement O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -pharmacons O -are O -the O -following O -: O -85ScCl2 O -= O -Strontiumchloride O -, O -153Sm O -- O -EDTA O -= O -Samarium O -ethylendiamintetraacetate O -, O -169Yb B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -= O -Ytterbium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -, O -99mTc O -- O -HEDSPA O -= O -Technetium O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -ethylene O -- O -diphosphonate O -, O -99mTc O -- O -pyrophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymatic O -hydrolysis O -of O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -monoacyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -SN I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycerol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphoryl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -choline I-Chemical -( O -1 O -- O -lysolecithin O -) O -by O -phospholipases O -from O -peanut O -seeds O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -5 O -) O -and O -a O -phosphodiesterase O -( O -L O -- O -3 O -- O -glycerylphosphorylcholine O -glycerophosphohydrolase O -, O -E O -. O -C O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -2 O -) O -, O -in O -addition O -to O -phospholipase O -D O -( O -phosphatidyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -choline I-Chemical -phosphatidohydrolase O -, O -E O -. O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -Preliminary O -treatment O -of O -the O -yeast O -cells O -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -increased O -their O -susceptibility O -to O -the O -lytic O -action O -of O -the O -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholesterol B-Chemical -was O -decomposed O -by O -75 O -- O -90 O -% O -during O -two O -hours O -by O -enzyme O -preparations O -from O -the O -disintegrated O -mycelium O -of O -Streptomyces O -lavendulae O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -twitch O -response O -to O -nerve O -activity O -in O -the O -vas O -deferens O -does O -not O -behave O -as O -if O -it O -were O -adrenergic O -since O -it O -is O -enhanced O -by O -adrenoceptor O -blockers O -and O -often O -inhibited O -by O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -other O -sympathomimieic O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -patient O -developed O -the O -rare O -complication O -of O -pulmonary O -eosinophilia O -whilst O -receiving O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -adults O -of O -both O -sexes O -, O -the O -influence O -on O -the O -basal O -and O -the O -maximal O -by O -means O -of O -pentagastrin O -stimulated O -gastric O -secretion O -of O -a O -single O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -8 O -mg O -( O -0 O -. O -09 O -to O -0 O -. O -16 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -oxyfedrine O -or O -of O -two O -intramuscular O -injections O -of O -1 O -mg O -( O -0 O -. O -014 O -to O -0 O -. O -016 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -or O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -( O -0 O -. O -033 O -to O -0 O -. O -045 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -in O -each O -case O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -consecutively O -administered O -at O -an O -interval O -of O -15 O -minutes O -, O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -in O -sympathetic O -ganglia O -in O -organ O -culture O -: O -role O -of O -glucocorticoids O -as O -modulators O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -3 O -- O -monooxygenase O -elicited O -by O -carbamylcholine O -in O -intact O -and O -denervated O -adrenal O -medulla O -: O -role O -of O -protein O -kinase O -activation O -and O -translocation O -. O - -aps B-category -Denaturation O -by O -urea B-Chemical -and O -organic O -solvents O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Up O -to O -30 O -vol O -. O -% O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -dioxane O -, O -the O -penetration O -of O -the O -organic O -molecules O -into O -the O -external O -parts O -of O -the O -protein O -globule O -takes O -place O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -this O -and O -former O -reports O -lead B-Chemical -to O -hypothesis O -that O -beta O -- O -lactoglobulin O -may O -serve O -as O -a O -transporter O -of O -some O -substances O -which O -are O -unstable O -to O -acidic O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -where O -the O -concentration O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -exceeds O -40 O -mM O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -destruction O -products O -of O -chloroplasts O -on O -their O -inactivation O -is O -insignificant O -. O - -aps B-category -Methylmalonic O -aciduria O -without O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -deficiency O -in O -an O -adult O -sibship O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -had O -anemia O -or O -hepatic O -dysfunction O -, O -and O -serum O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -concentrations O -ranged O -from O -369 O -to O -800 O -pg O -per O -milliliter O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -heritable O -benign O -form O -of O -adult O -methylmalonic O -aciduria O -rather O -than O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -lack O -best O -explains O -these O -findings O -. O - -aps B-category -Methanol O -poisoning O -in O -the O -folate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -on O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreceptors O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -of O -rats O -and O -mice O -has O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -flexor O -reflex O -activity O -due O -to O -clonidine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -was O -virtually O -completely O -inhibited O -by O -phenoxybenzamine O -( O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -was O -partially O -inhibited O -by O -yohimbine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -piperoxan O -( O -60 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -was O -not O -significantly O -inhibited O -by O -yohimbine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -tolazoline O -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Clonidine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -caused O -a O -considerable O -inhibition O -of O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltyrosine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -disappearance O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -in O -the O -spinal O -cord O -and O -brain O -or O -rats O -and O -in O -the O -brain O -of O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -markedly O -antagonized O -by O -yohimbine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -piperoxan O -( O -60 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -or O -tolazoline O -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -but O -not O -by O -phenoxybenzamine O -( O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -or O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -was O -counteracted O -by O -yohimbine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -piperoxan O -( O -60 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -or O -tolazoline O -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -but O -not O -by O -phenoxybenzamine O -( O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Psychopharmacologically O -qualified O -side O -effects O -with O -distigmine O -bromide B-Chemical -therapy O -( O -UBRETID O -, O -BC O -51 O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Cranial O -to O -a O -lesion O -of O -the O -spinal O -cord O -, O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltyrosine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -disappearance O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -was O -accelerated O -by O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -blocking O -agents O -yohimbine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -piperoxan O -( O -60 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -tolazoline O -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -was O -completely O -antagonized O -by O -yohimbine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -by O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -giving O -further O -evidence O -for O -the O -view O -that O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -yohimbine B-Chemical -have O -a O -stronger O -effect O -than O -phenoxybenzamine O -on O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreceptors O -regulating O -the O -release O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -induced O -by O -nerve O -impluses O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -nerve O -impulses O -caudal O -to O -a O -lesion O -of O -the O -spinal O -cord O -, O -the O -popa O -accumulation O -was O -decelerated O -as O -compared O -to O -that O -cranial O -to O -the O -lesion O -and O -it O -was O -not O -influenced O -by O -the O -former O -three O -alpha O -- O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -blocking O -agents O -as O -well O -as O -by O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulation O -of O -the O -synthesis O -and O -utilization O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -by O -nerve O -impulses O -might O -by O -influenced O -via O -the O -activity O -of O -teh O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreceptors O -located O -either O -on O -the O -nerve O -terminals O -or O -on O -the O -cell O -bodies O -or O -on O -both O -parts O -of O -the O -noradrenergic O -neurones O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolactin O -, O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -and O -dopaminergic O -neurotransmission O -. O - -aps B-category -Over O -eight O -months O -130 O -isolates O -of O -Streptococcus O -pneumoniae O -were O -examined O -for O -sensitivity O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -, O -tetracycline B-Chemical -, O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -and O -co O -- O -trimoxozole O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -were O -sensitive O -to O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dibenzepin O -and O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -in O -depressive O -states O -: O -comparative O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -Dibenzepin O -caused O -relatively O -fewer O -side O -effects O -which O -appears O -to O -be O -an O -advantage O -over O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Evaluation O -of O -the O -efficacy O -of O -a O -new O -perparation O -containing O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -in O -drops O -in O -anxiety O -- O -erethism O -syndrome O -of O -the O -child O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -a O -control O -nomogram O -on O -human O -blood O -was O -also O -constructed O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -and O -cholinomimetics O -- O -metacholine O -and O -neostygmine O -- O -applied O -into O -NC O -inhibit O -seizures O -in O -Am O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -as O -in O -the O -case O -of O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -seizures O -, O -neither O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -nor O -GA O -brought O -about O -the O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -plasma O -level O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -temperature O -increase O -caused O -a O -significant O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -decrease O -in O -plasma O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -and O -in O -egg O -production O -, O -shell O -thickness O -and O -egg O -weight O -and O -a O -significant O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -increase O -in O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dietary O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -had O -no O -influence O -on O -the O -parameters O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -ACTH B-Chemical -injected O -intraperitoneally O -in O -a O -dose O -of O -140 O -Units O -per O -1 O -kg O -of O -body O -weight O -to O -intact O -rats O -or O -to O -rats O -subjected O -to O -hypophysectomy O -24 O -hours O -before O -the O -experiment O -produced O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminotrasferase I-Chemical -in O -the O -liver O -( O -4 O -. O -5 O -or O -2 O -. O -5 O -times O -, O -respectively O -) O -in O -comparison O -with O -the O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -24 O -hours O -after O -hypophysectomy O -D O -- O -cycloserine O -produced O -no O -induction O -of O -this O -enzyme O -in O -the O -rat O -liver O -; O -in O -difference O -from O -this O -, O -the O -D O -- O -cycloserine O -dimere O -produced O -an O -induced O -formation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminotransferase I-Chemical -( O -comparable O -with O -ACTH B-Chemical -) O -in O -the O -liver O -of O -hypophysectomized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -pH O -of O -the O -medium O -and O -other O -factors O -on O -the O -selection O -of O -isoniazid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -forms O -of O -M O -. O -tuberculosis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -combination O -of O -both O -drugs O -is O -no O -more O -effective O -in O -reducing O -uraemia O -than O -propranolol B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -significant O -decreases O -in O -urine O -flow O -, O -urea B-Chemical -clearance O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -chloride B-Chemical -excretion O -rates O -after O -acute O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -beta O -blockers O -in O -patients O -with O -unstable O -cardiovascular O -function O -increase O -the O -need O -for O -concomitant O -diuretic B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -ATP O -nor O -PGE1 B-Chemical -affected O -Ki O -for O -Ca2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -of O -the O -carboxyl O -carbon B-Chemical -atom O -resonances O -of O -hen O -egg O -- O -white O -lysozyme O -( O -mucopeptide O -N O -- O -acetylmuramoyl O -hydrolase O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -17 O -) O -have O -been O -resolved O -by O -13C O -- O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -( O -NMR O -) O -at O -68 O -MHz O -. O - -aps B-category -Markedly O -elevated O -angiotensin B-Chemical -converting O -enzyme O -in O -lymph O -nodes O -containing O -non O -- O -necrotizing O -granulomas O -in O -sarcoidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -activity O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -converting O -enzyme O -was O -elevated O -generally O -more O -than O -10 O -- O -fold O -in O -granuloma O -- O -containing O -lymph O -nodes O -, O -but O -not O -in O -lung O -in O -which O -normally O -it O -is O -abundant O -, O -in O -19 O -of O -20 O -patients O -with O -sarcoidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Observations O -on O -ouabain B-Chemical -binding O -and O -membrane O -phosphorylation O -by O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -pump O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -and O -of O -platelet O -aggregation O -by O -2 O -- O -azidoadenosine O -, O -a O -photolysable O -analogue O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -and O -rapid O -fractionation O -procedure O -of O -the O -three O -transcobalamins O -, O -TCI O -, O -TCII O -, O -and O -TCII O -, O -of O -human O -serum O -was O -achieved O -by O -filtration O -through O -a O -stack O -of O -charged O -cellulose O -filters O -composed O -of O -one O -cellulose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrate I-Chemical -and O -three O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -( O -DE O -- O -81 O -) O -disks O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -these O -conditions O -TCII O -is O -selectively O -and O -quantitatively O -adsorbed O -to O -the O -cellulose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrate I-Chemical -filter O -while O -both O -TCI O -and O -TCIII O -adsorb O -to O -the O -DE O -- O -81 O -filters O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -by O -ADP O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -supported I-Chemical -adrenal O -steroid B-Chemical -11beta O -- O -hydroxylation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -startle O -response O -in O -rats O -: O -effect O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -on O -the O -startle O -response O -was O -potentiated O -by O -pretreatment O -of O -the O -animals O -with O -pimozide O -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -and O -p O -- O -chlorophenylalanine O -but O -not O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltyrosine I-Chemical -, O -or O -pargyline O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -ethanol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -, O -the O -startle O -response O -was O -further O -increased O -, O -with O -a O -peak O -about O -9 O -to O -12 O -hr O -after O -discontinuation O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -; O -thereafter O -, O -the O -response O -declined O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -levels O -and O -water O -intake O -following O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -stimulation O -, O -hypovolemia O -, O -cellular O -dehydration O -and O -water O -deprivation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -elicited O -a O -strong O -drinking O -response O -and O -resulted O -in O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -plasma O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Drinking O -was O -also O -elicited O -by O -the O -administration O -of O -hypertonic O -saline O -but O -there O -was O -no O -increase O -in O -plasma O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -four O -hours O -later O -, O -they O -were O -treated O -with O -puromycin O -in O -combination O -with O -either O -2 O -. O -0 O -or O -10 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -strychnine B-Chemical -, O -or O -20 O -. O -0 O -or O -50 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -pentylenetetrazol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -determination O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -protein O -revealed O -that O -none O -of O -the O -stimulant O -drugs O -used O -significantly O -altered O -the O -extent O -or O -the O -duration O -of O -protein O -synthesis O -inhibition O -induced O -by O -puromycin O -. O - -aps B-category -Reserpine B-Chemical -was O -the O -most O -potent O -, O -rescinnamine O -the O -next O -and O -syrosingopine O -the O -weakest O -in O -the O -depleting O -effects O -on O -brain O -amines B-Chemical -of O -rauwolfia O -alkaloids O -. O - -aps B-category -Accordingly O -, O -syrosingopine O -induced O -a O -depletion O -of O -brain O -NE O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -without O -alteration O -in O -brain O -DA O -content O -2 O -- O -4 O -days O -after O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -selective O -depleting O -effect O -of O -syrosingopine O -on O -brain O -amines B-Chemical -was O -potentiated O -by O -combined O -treatment O -with O -disulfiram B-Chemical -or O -fusaric O -acid O -, O -a O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -brain O -DA O -may O -be O -more O -important O -than O -brain O -NE O -or O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -with O -regard O -to O -the O -mechanisms O -by O -which O -morpine O -produces O -analgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Exposure O -in O -vivo O -of O -agoraphobics O -: O -contributions O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -group O -exposure O -, O -and O -anxiety O -evocation O -. O - -aps B-category -Outcome O -to O -group O -exposure O -on O -phobias O -and O -other O -measures O -was O -similar O -in O -all O -three O -drug O -conditions O -( O -placebo O -, O -waning O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -peak O -diazepam B-Chemical -) O -with O -no O -significant O -differences O -between O -them O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -is O -a O -mild O -palliative O -during O -group O -exposure O -but O -does O -not O -facilitate O -outcome O -to O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostaglandin O -IX O -- O -synthesis O -of O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -15 O -- O -methyl O -- O -11 O -- O -deoxy O -PGE1 B-Chemical -( O -doxaprost O -) O -- O -a O -potent O -bronchodilator O -- O -and O -its O -C O -- O -15 O -- O -epimer O -. O - -aps B-category -Reserpine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -was O -administered O -to O -pregnant O -rats O -on O -days O -12 O -, O -13 O -and O -14 O -of O -gestation O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -and O -methyprylon O -as O -a O -hypnotic O -in O -insomniacs O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -first O -night O -of O -the O -2 O -night O -trial O -, O -triazolam B-Chemical -or O -methyprylon O -was O -given O -on O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -basis O -and O -on O -the O -2nd O -night O -the O -outpatients O -received O -the O -alternate O -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -the O -various O -sleep O -parameters O -showed O -that O -triazolam B-Chemical -helped O -the O -patients O -sleep O -more O -than O -methyprylon O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -026 O -) O -, O -there O -were O -fewer O -awakenings O -on O -triazolam B-Chemical -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -064 O -) O -, O -a O -longer O -duration O -of O -sleep O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -064 O -) O -and O -a O -better O -feeling O -in O -the O -a O -. O -m O -. O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -020 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -two O -enantiomers O -of O -butaclamol O -and O -of O -several O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -on O -the O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -elicited I-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -synaptosomal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -+ O -) O -Butaclamol O -is O -more O -potent O -than O -the O -other O -tested O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -two O -criteria O -, O -namely O -the O -concentrations O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -required O -to O -reverse O -enzyme O -inhibition O -maximally O -or O -by O -25 O -% O -, O -the O -order O -of O -decreasing O -potency O -is O -as O -follows O -: O -( O -+ O -) O -butaclamol O -, O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -pimozide O -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Subsynaptosomal O -distribution O -, O -inhibition O -, O -and O -characterization O -of O -the O -binding O -of O -( O -14C O -) O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OH I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -indole I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetaldehyde I-Chemical -to O -brain O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -MAO O -activity O -in O -brain O -preparations O -was O -inhibited O -by O -CNS O -antidepressants B-Chemical -( O -imipramine B-Chemical -) O -or O -stimulants O -( O -caffeine B-Chemical -) O -, O -by O -hallucinogens O -( O -N O -, O -N O -- O -dimethyltryptamine O -) O -, O -sedatives O -( O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -other O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Respiratory O -failure O -: O -correlation O -between O -encephalopathy O -, O -blood O -gases O -and O -blood O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Interindividually O -, O -a O -significant O -correlation O -was O -found O -between O -the O -encephalopathy O -and O -SaO2 O -, O -PaCO2 O -or O -ammonia B-Chemical -, O -and O -also O -between O -the O -blood O -gases O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ammonia B-Chemical -level O -seemed O -to O -be O -influenced O -primarily O -by O -other O -factors O -than O -the O -blood O -gases O -, O -although O -there O -was O -a O -borderline O -influence O -of O -SaO2 O -on O -aterial O -ammonia B-Chemical -and O -a O -significant O -influence O -of O -PaCO2 O -- O -HCO3 O -and O -pH O -on O -venous O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -During O -hemorrhagic O -shock O -, O -the O -blood O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -increased O -sixfold O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracellular O -pH O -of O -skeletal O -muscle O -was O -only O -slightly O -decreased O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -unchanged O -during O -this O -combined O -metabolic O -and O -respiratory O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Extracellular O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -( O -calculated O -from O -the O -pH O -and O -Pco2 O -values O -measured O -in O -arterial O -blood O -) O -was O -not O -maintained O -constant O -, O -but O -diminished O -in O -juvenile O -and O -increased O -in O -adult O -fish O -with O -increasing O -temperature O -, O -indicating O -that O -extracellular O -pH O -in O -dogfish O -is O -regulated O -by O -variations O -of O -both O -Pco2 O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -the O -relationship O -between O -plasma O -and O -CSF O -HCO3 O -changes O -was O -studied O -during O -4 O -hours O -of O -respiratory O -alkalosis O -( O -PaCO2 O -= O -20 O -mm O -Hg O -) O -in O -anesthetized O -dogs O -when O -plasma O -HCO3 O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -fell O -normally O -, O -( O -2 O -) O -kept O -' O -normal O -' O -by O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -infusion O -, O -( O -3 O -) O -increased O -by O -infusing O -more O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -, O -and O -( O -4 O -) O -reduced O -by O -infusing O -HCl O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -hypocapnia O -and O -metabolic O -alkalosis O -plasma O -HCO3 O -increased O -6 O -. O -5 O -mEq O -/ O -L O -and O -CSF O -HCO3 O -remained O -unchanged O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -increased O -2 O -. O -12 O -mEq O -/ O -L O -. O - -aps B-category -Levels O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -were O -significantly O -elevated O -in O -the O -telencephalon O -and O -diencephalon O -+ O -mesencephalon O -of O -rats O -killed O -by O -near O -- O -freezing O -during O -conditioned O -suppression O -of O -food O -- O -reinforced O -lever O -pressing O -, O -whereas O -levels O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -were O -not O -altered O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -analgesic O -efficacy O -of O -pentazocine B-Chemical -( O -fortalgesic O -winthrop O -) O -in O -suppositories O -with O -postoperative O -pains O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrocatalysis O -in O -fuel O -cells O -requires O -as O -well O -substances O -capable O -of O -catalyzing O -the O -anodic O -oxidation O -of O -fuels O -as O -catalysts O -for O -the O -cathodic O -reduction O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -studies O -have O -shown O -that O -chelates O -with O -other O -types O -of O -coordination O -, O -in O -particular O -N202 O -- O -, O -04 O -- O -, O -N2S2 O -- O -and O -S4 O -- O -chelates O -, O -are O -able O -to O -catalyze O -the O -reduction O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -though O -they O -are O -considerably O -less O -active O -than O -the O -N4 O -- O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cathodic O -reduction O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -can O -be O -regarded O -as O -redox O -catalysis O -, O -or O -it O -can O -be O -considered O -from O -the O -standpoint O -of O -molecular O -orbital O -theory O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -, O -papaverin O -HC1 O -and O -antihistaminic O -preparations O -on O -isolated O -organs O -of O -various O -experimental O -animals O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Species O -and O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -differences O -in O -the O -kinetic O -constants O -of O -liver O -microsomal O -harmine O -O O -- O -demethylation O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -chronic O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blockade O -in O -blood O -pressure O -and O -renin O -and O -aldosterone B-Chemical -secretion O -in O -essential O -hypertension O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Mean O -whole O -- O -body O -pHi O -and O -intracellular O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -patients O -with O -chronic O -kidney O -failure O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -problem O -of O -aflatoxin O -determination O -in O -processed O -cheese O -can O -be O -solved O -by O -the O -destruction O -of O -the O -emulsion O -with O -6 O -m O -urea B-Chemical -solution O -; O -the O -detection O -limit O -is O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -0 O -. O -05 O -ppb O -B1 O -respectively O -G1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -N O -- O -nitrososarcosine O -from O -creatine B-Chemical -, O -creatinine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxime I-Chemical -and O -l O -- O -methylhydantoin O -- O -5 O -- O -oxime O -from O -creatinine B-Chemical -was O -investigated O -in O -model O -solutions O -under O -various O -conditions O -( O -temperature O -, O -pH O -, O -concentration O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -N O -- O -nitrososarcosine O -was O -detected O -at O -0 O -degrees O -C O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -equimolar O -amount O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -a O -given O -pH O -, O -the O -concentrations O -of O -these O -two O -oximes O -increased O -generally O -with O -increased O -temperature O -and O -/ O -or O -concentration O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activation O -energies O -of O -the O -studied O -reactions O -in O -acidic O -medium O -were O -4 O -. O -12 O -( O -n O -- O -nitrososarcosine O -) O -, O -19 O -. O -3 O -( O -creatinine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxime I-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -20 O -. O -2 O -kcal O -/ O -mol O -( O -l O -- O -methylhydantoin O -- O -5 O -- O -oxime O -) O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Pathogenesis O -and O -the O -pathogenetic O -therapy O -of O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficiency I-Chemical -anemia O -in O -young O -children O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Content O -of O -neuroactive O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -hypothalamus O -and O -liver O -of O -rats O -in O -experimental O -stomach O -ulcer O -and O -their O -changes O -under O -the O -effect O -of O -cholinolytic O -drugs O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purification O -procedure O -consisted O -of O -: O -fractionation O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -; O -adsorption O -of O -contaminating O -proteins O -on O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -gel O -; O -chromatography O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -150 O -and O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -and O -properties O -of O -N6 O -- O -substituted O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -purine I-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -copolymer O -containing O -N6 O -- O -methoxy O -- O -2 O -- O -aminopurine O -riboside O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -residues O -has O -been O -obtained O -; O -attempts O -to O -synthesize O -the O -homopolymer O -have O -not O -been O -successful O -. O - -aps B-category -Amnesic O -action O -of O -and O -skills O -related O -to O -driving O -after O -intravenous O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Every O -subject O -experienced O -amnesia O -for O -the O -pinching O -of O -the O -abdomen O -after O -being O -injected O -with O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -late O -effects O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -were O -the O -most O -harmful O -to O -coordination O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -longer O -and O -more O -harmful O -effects O -on O -psychomotor O -performance O -than O -those O -of O -equipotent O -doses O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -suggest O -that O -doses O -of O -0 O -. O -02 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -or O -more O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -should O -be O -avoided O -in O -outpatient O -anaesthesia O -or O -sedation O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -- O -blind O -controlled O -trial O -based O -on O -140 O -women O -undergoing O -abortus O -provocatus O -was O -employed O -to O -study O -whether O -the O -frequency O -of O -side O -effects O -after O -administration O -of O -the O -anaesthetic O -Ketalar O -( O -ketamine B-Chemical -) O -could O -be O -reduced O -by O -a O -con O -- O -current O -dose O -of O -Rohypnol O -( O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dosage O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -was O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -, O -supplemented O -if O -necessary O -by O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -in O -combination O -with O -either O -2 O -mg O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -or O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Memory O -of O -dreams O -was O -often O -unpleasant O -after O -ketamine B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Less O -pronounced O -fluctuations O -in O -diastolic O -blood O -pressure O -occurred O -with O -the O -combination O -ketamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -flunitrazepam I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -- O -blind O -comparison O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -( O -Ketalar O -) O -and O -ketamine B-Chemical -with O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -( O -Rohypnol O -) O -for O -anesthesia O -in O -136 O -abortions O -was O -conducted O -to O -see O -whether O -the O -combination O -would O -reduce O -the O -psychomimetic O -side O -effects O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Those O -given O -ketamine B-Chemical -alone O -required O -significantly O -more O -repeat O -injections O -. O - -aps B-category -Eighteen O -patients O -with O -angina O -pectoris O -, O -who O -had O -previously O -participated O -in O -a O -cross O -- O -over O -study O -with O -20 O -mg O -metoprolol B-Chemical -t O -. O -i O -. O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -Metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -in O -a O -dose O -of O -50 O -mg O -t O -. O -i O -. O -d O -. O -, O -gave O -a O -significant O -improvement O -compared O -with O -placebo O -in O -respect O -of O -the O -number O -of O -anginal O -attacks O -, O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -consumption O -and O -daily O -subjective O -assessment O -of O -the O -patients O -' O -anginal O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -50 O -mg O -metoprolol B-Chemical -t O -. O -i O -. O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -sugars O -, O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -and O -ammonium B-Chemical -nitrate B-Chemical -on O -the O -formation O -of O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -by O -Aspergillus O -niger O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -growing O -the O -organism O -at O -pH O -2 O -. O -0 O -the O -gluconic O -acid O -content O -was O -reduced O -but O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -yield O -remained O -low O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -sugars O -used O -for O -the O -production O -of O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -sucrose B-Chemical -in O -an O -unautoclaved O -medium O -was O -found O -to O -be O -the O -best O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -optimum O -conditions O -only O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -produced O -and O -the O -yield O -was O -66 O -- O -68 O -per O -litre O -after O -a O -growth O -period O -of O -about O -10 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -0 O -. O -05 O -M O -sodium B-Chemical -acetate O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -, O -arylsulfatase O -A O -is O -not O -absorbed O -while O -arylsulfatase O -B O -is O -retained O -by O -the O -resin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -arylsulfatase O -A O -activity O -obtained O -from O -normal O -leukocytes O -and O -fibroblasts O -is O -linear O -for O -the O -initial O -10 O -minutes O -of O -the O -reaction O -, O -is O -stimulated O -3 O -- O -fold O -by O -6 O -mM O -lead B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -and O -inhibited O -80 O -% O -by O -0 O -. O -24 O -mM O -silver B-Chemical -nitrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -8 O -months O -the O -therapeutic O -results O -were O -as O -follows O -: O -12 O -complete O -cures O -out O -of O -17 O -, O -2 O -improvements O -with O -final O -cure O -probable O -, O -3 O -partial O -failures O -necessitating O -supplementary O -treatment O -with O -Metronidazole B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -4 O -g O -per O -day O -for O -2 O -days O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -strains O -isolated O -from O -canine O -and O -human O -visceral O -Leishmaniasis O -had O -a O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -XI O -whereas O -Leishmania O -tropica O -had O -a O -MDH O -I O -; O -no O -wild O -animals O -have O -been O -found O -with O -Leishmaniasis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -H O -- O -2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -was O -tested O -as O -to O -its O -ability O -to O -suppress O -overnight O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -in O -8 O -male O -duodenal O -ulcer O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Single O -- O -dose O -oral O -administration O -of O -300 O -mg O -cimetidine B-Chemical -caused O -a O -significant O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -inhibition O -of O -overnight O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -for O -an O -8 O -- O -hr O -period O -, O -with O -the O -intragastric O -pH O -staying O -between O -3 O -. O -5 O -- O -6 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -chronic O -radiation O -enteritis O -and O -colitis O -with O -salicylazosulfapyridine O -and O -systemic O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -the O -left O -stellate O -ganglion O -increased O -coronary O -blood O -flow O -and O -decreased O -coronary O -sinus O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -from O -prestimulation O -control O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -addition O -of O -alpha O -- O -receptor O -blockade O -( O -Dibozane O -, O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -stellate O -stimulation O -increased O -coronary O -blood O -flow O -and O -coronary O -sinus O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -a O -small O -amount O -from O -prestimulation O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Direct O -intracoronary O -injections O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -gave O -results O -consistent O -with O -the O -presence O -of O -beta O -- O -1 O -myocardial O -receptors O -and O -alpha O -and O -beta O -- O -2 O -coronary O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -handling O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -by O -the O -pig O -kidney O -has O -been O -investigated O -during O -continuous O -urate B-Chemical -infusion O -in O -unrestrained O -, O -unanesthetized O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -demonstration O -of O -a O -secretory O -maximum O -was O -precluded O -owing O -to O -a O -progressive O -reduction O -in O -the O -GFR O -associated O -with O -high O -rates O -of O -urate B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -probenecid O -inhibited O -urate B-Chemical -secretion O -, O -but O -urate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -to I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inulin I-Chemical -clearance O -ratios O -below O -unity O -were O -not O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Probenecid O -together O -with O -pyrazinamide B-Chemical -exerted O -the O -same O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -urate B-Chemical -secretion O -as O -probenecid O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -five O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anesthetized I-Chemical -dogs O -when O -ICP O -was O -raised O -to O -50 O -mmHg O -the O -heart O -rate O -decreased O -34 O -. O -4 O -beats O -/ O -min O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -8 O -SE O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -raising O -ICP O -to O -50 O -mmHg O -by O -right O -- O -sided O -intracranial O -balloon O -inflation O -only O -produced O -progressive O -sinus O -bradycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -high O -- O -energy O -phosphate B-Chemical -levels O -in O -rat O -hearts O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -examined O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -high O -- O -energy O -phosphate B-Chemical -metabolism O -might O -be O -adversely O -affected O -in O -the O -alloxan O -- O -diabetic O -rat O -heart O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Insulin O -administration O -normalized O -heart O -high O -- O -energy O -phosphate B-Chemical -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -' O -Lissive O -anaesthesia O -' O -, O -the O -administration O -of O -a O -small O -dose O -of O -a O -non O -- O -depolarising O -muscle O -relaxant O -to O -a O -patient O -breathing O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -an O -anaesthetic O -vapour O -, O -is O -a O -technique O -popularly O -employed O -for O -minor O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rise O -in O -mean O -arterial O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -was O -, O -however O -, O -greater O -after O -injection O -of O -gallamine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -obtained O -are O -compared O -with O -those O -previously O -reported O -in O -a O -similar O -series O -anaesthetised O -with O -thiopentone B-Chemical -, O -gas O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -relaxant O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -oxygen B-Chemical -levels O -in O -the O -umbilical O -cord O -bloods O -were O -8 O -- O -0 O -( O -Uv O -) O -and O -3 O -- O -5 O -( O -Ua O -) O -mmHg O -lower O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -- O -001 O -& O -amp O -; O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -- O -025 O -respectively O -) O -in O -the O -propanidid O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -Ma O -- O -Uv O -) O -and O -( O -Ma O -- O -Ua O -) O -gradients O -were O -0 O -- O -053 O -and O -0 O -- O -051 O -pH O -units O -higher O -after O -propanidid O -than O -that O -following O -thiopentone B-Chemical -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -- O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -propanidid O -, O -although O -theoretically O -offering O -advantages O -over O -thiopentone B-Chemical -to O -the O -obstetric O -anaesthetist O -, O -in O -practice O -, O -did O -not O -fulfil O -this O -promise O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -arterio O -- O -venous O -oxygen B-Chemical -difference O -: O -a O -bedside O -test O -for O -cerebral O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -in O -coma O -depasse O -this O -difference O -is O -reduced O -and O -is O -unresponsive O -to O -variations O -in O -arterial O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -. O - -aps B-category -Flunitrazepam B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -compound O -in O -general O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -time O -of O -hypnosis O -after O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -was O -50 O -. O -1 O -sec O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Constant O -outflow O -anesthesia O -with O -the O -combination O -of O -alfatesine O -and O -fentanyl B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -of O -CT O -13 O -. O -41 O -and O -0 O -. O -006 O -mg O -. O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -per O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -confirm O -the O -non O -- O -accumulation O -under O -these O -conditions O -of O -use O -and O -these O -doses O -of O -CT O -13 O -. O -41 O -used O -and O -reveals O -an O -analagous O -behaviour O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -experiment O -was O -carried O -out O -upon O -the O -male O -- O -adulte O -- O -AF O -SPF O -- O -Wister O -Rat O -, O -anesthetized O -by O -the O -use O -of O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Na I-Chemical -at O -the O -only O -dosage O -of O -40 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -IP O -and O -put O -under O -artificial O -ventilation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -total O -curarizing O -effect O -measured O -by O -the O -surface O -defined O -by O -the O -curve O -of O -curarization O -within O -ten O -mns O -was O -constantly O -and O -significantly O -lowered O -in O -" O -nocturnal O -animals O -" O -: O -a O -25 O -p O -. O -100 O -diminution O -with O -gallamine O -, O -20 O -p O -. O -100 O -diminution O -with O -D O -- O -tubocurarine O -, O -27 O -p O -. O -100 O -diminution O -with O -pancuronium B-Chemical -, O -19 O -p O -. O -100 O -diminution O -with O -AH O -- O -8165 O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenal O -gland O -weights O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -14 O -. O -3a O -) O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -14 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -) O -, O -phenethanolamine O -- O -N O -- O -methyl O -transferase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -) O -, O -and O -monoamine O -oxidase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -4 O -) O -activities O -were O -increased O -after O -weaning O -. O - -aps B-category -Cranial O -cervical O -ganglionic O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -6 O -) O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activities O -were O -increased O -after O -weaning O -. O - -aps B-category -Lidocaine B-Chemical -also O -proved O -toxic O -to O -lower O -respiratory O -tract O -pathogens O -, O -although O -there O -were O -significant O -differences O -between O -bacterial O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -adult O -study O -, O -one O -member O -of O -each O -pair O -was O -given O -either O -150 O -mug O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -or O -200 O -mug O -of O -carbuterol O -4 O -times O -per O -day O -, O -by O -inhalation O -, O -for O -6 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -adult O -study O -, O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -difference O -between O -carbuterol O -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -for O -forced O -vital O -capacity O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -, O -for O -1 O -- O -sec O -forced O -expiratory O -volume O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -, O -and O -for O -FEF25 O -- O -75 O -% O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -in O -favor O -of O -carbuterol O -. O - -aps B-category -Tachyphylaxis O -( O -tolerance O -with O -time O -) O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -appeared O -to O -develop O -in O -one O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Psychomotor O -skills O -during O -subacute O -treatment O -with O -thioridazine B-Chemical -and O -bromazepam O -, O -and O -their O -combined O -effects O -with O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -doses O -used O -were O -thioridazine B-Chemical -10 O -mg O -t O -. O -i O -. O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combination O -of O -bromazepam O -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -potentiated O -the O -deterious O -effects O -of O -the O -single O -agents O -, O -and O -this O -effect O -was O -most O -remarkable O -at O -30 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ionization O -constants O -of O -the O -carboxylic O -and O -amine B-Chemical -groups O -of O -the O -antibiotics O -at O -several O -temperatures O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Membrane O -- O -active O -drugs O -such O -as O -nystatin O -, O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenethyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alcohol I-Chemical -, O -hexachlorophene O -, O -and O -digitonin O -have O -been O -compared O -with O -miconazole O -for O -their O -lysosome O -- O -labilizing O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Josamycin O -was O -comparable O -to O -erythromycin B-Chemical -and O -clindamycin O -in O -activity O -against O -the O -pneumococci O -, O -streptococci O -, O -and O -staphylococci O -and O -was O -more O -active O -than O -clindamycin O -against O -enterococci O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -were O -optimum O -with O -variations O -of O -a O -basic O -formula O -consisting O -of O -40 O -g O -of O -tryptic O -soy O -agar O -( O -Difco O -) O -, O -8 O -g O -of O -lactose O -, O -8 O -g O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -80 O -mg O -of O -phenol B-Chemical -red O -, O -1 O -g O -of O -sulfanilamide O -, O -1 O -. O -5 O -g O -of O -ferric O -ammonium B-Chemical -citrate B-Chemical -, O -5 O -g O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -thiosulfate O -pentahydrate O -, O -and O -7 O -mg O -of O -brilliant O -green O -dye O -per O -liter O -. O - -aps B-category -provided O -with O -trimethylamine O -depended O -on O -the O -nitrogen B-Chemical -sources O -available O -to O -the O -bacterium O -but O -was O -not O -greatly O -influenced O -by O -the O -C O -- O -N O -ratio O -of O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxicity O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -to O -algae O -in O -sewage O -oxidation O -ponds O -. O - -aps B-category -Photosynthesis O -of O -Chlorella O -pyrenoidosa O -, O -Anacystis O -nidulans O -, O -and O -Plectonema O -boryanum O -is O -also O -susceptible O -to O -ammonia B-Chemical -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Methylamine O -had O -the O -same O -effect O -as O -ammonia B-Chemical -, O -and O -its O -penetration O -into O -the O -cells O -was O -found O -to O -be O -pH O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -operated O -at O -120 O -- O -h O -detention O -time O -of O -raw O -wastewater O -, O -the O -high O -- O -rate O -oxidation O -pond O -maintained O -a O -steady O -state O -with O -respect O -to O -algal O -growth O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -and O -the O -concentration O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -did O -not O -exceed O -1 O -. O -0 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -Photosynthesis O -, O -which O -usually O -elevates O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -pond O -water O -to O -9 O -. O -0 O -to O -10 O -. O -0 O -, O -could O -not O -proceed O -beyond O -pH O -7 O -. O -9 O -because O -of O -the O -high O -concentration O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -algal O -population O -was O -washed O -out O -and O -reduced O -to O -a O -concentration O -that O -could O -maintain O -a O -doubling O -time O -of O -48 O -h O -without O -photosynthesis O -bringing O -the O -pH O -to O -inhibitory O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -production O -of O -C1 O -and O -CX O -cellulases O -occurred O -at O -45 O -C O -in O -2 O -to O -4 O -days O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -1 O -% O -Solka O -/ O -Floc O -as O -substrate O -, O -when O -NaNO3 O -or O -urea B-Chemical -used O -as O -sources O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Stabilization O -of O -a O -psychrotrophic O -Pseudomonas O -protease O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -against O -thermal O -inactivation O -in O -milk O -at O -ultrahigh O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -38 O -pure O -cultures O -of O -microorganisms O -tested O -, O -only O -one O -, O -Pseudomonas O -stutzeri O -, O -was O -capable O -of O -forming O -dimethylnitrosamine O -from O -dimethylamine O -and O -nitrite B-Chemical -during O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -Examination O -of O -the O -data O -showed O -that O -there O -was O -no O -significant O -correlation O -between O -rates O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fixation O -and O -concentration O -of O -combined O -nitrogen B-Chemical -compounds O -in O -the O -Bay O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -supplemented O -with O -albumin O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -serum O -, O -and O -yeast O -extract O -, O -the O -new O -medium O -adequately O -supported O -the O -growth O -of O -Mycoplasma O -and O -Acholeplasma O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -nucleotide B-Chemical -phosphodiesterases O -of O -rabbit O -renal O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -antibiotics O -to O -a O -human O -liver O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -NADH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrate I-Chemical -reductases O -from O -soybean O -leaves O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -only O -slightly O -inhibited O -by O -fluoride B-Chemical -and O -L O -- O -phenylalanine O -, O -but O -high O -concentrations O -of O -urea B-Chemical -strongly O -inhibited O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -a O -certain O -utilization O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -is O -essential O -for O -cell O -proliferation O -( O -supply O -of O -basic O -substances O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Cell O -populations O -in O -a O -renal O -lesion O -produced O -by O -local O -injection O -of O -xenogeneic O -spleen O -cells O -in O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -this O -failure O -to O -transfer O -adoptive O -anti O -- O -tumour O -immune O -responses O -to O -intact O -recipients O -, O -the O -administration O -of O -350 O -rad O -irradiation O -before O -transfer O -of O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -immune O -lymphocytes O -constantly O -afforded O -protection O -against O -inoculated O -tumour O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Twelve O -of O -the O -patients O -had O -significant O -renal O -disease O -with O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -2 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -ml O -, O -but O -in O -these O -there O -was O -no O -evidence O -that O -renal O -hydrallazine O -retention O -potentiated O -an O -antihypertensive O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -acidosis O -and O -alkalosis O -on O -coronary O -flow O -and O -cardiac O -nucleotide B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increases O -after O -adenosine B-Chemical -injections O -and O -after O -coronary O -occlusions O -were O -greater O -during O -acidosis O -and O -smaller O -during O -alkalosis O -than O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Alkalosis O -always O -induced O -a O -decreased O -production O -of O -adenine O -nucleoside B-Chemical -irrespective O -of O -the O -presence O -or O -the O -absence O -of O -hypoxia O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthase O -. O - -aps B-category -to O -measure O -simultaneously O -different O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -synthesized O -from O -one O -precursor O -substrate O -, O -was O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -Fractionation O -of O -crude O -homogenates O -indicated O -that O -the O -microsomal O -fraction O -possessed O -the O -highest O -specific O -activity O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthase O -, O -whereas O -the O -soluble O -fraction O -exhibited O -little O -enzyme O -activity O -but O -rather O -contained O -a O -heat O -- O -labile O -inhibitory O -macromolecular O -factor O -( O -s O -) O -, O -which O -might O -be O -attributed O -to O -the O -serum O -albumin O -present O -in O -this O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -cysteine B-Chemical -could O -partially O -replace O -GSH O -, O -whereas O -other O -thiols B-Chemical -were O -inactive O -and O -some O -were O -even O -inhibitory O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -cases O -, O -the O -stimulation O -was O -reflected O -in O -the O -synthesis O -of O -all O -three O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -with O -ratios O -not O -significantly O -altered O -by O -different O -phenolic O -cofactors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -system O -was O -not O -inhibited O -by O -thiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -group I-Chemical -inhibitors O -or O -a O -variety O -of O -metal O -chelators O -except O -for O -cyanide O -and O -8 O -- O -hydroxyquinoline O -. O - -aps B-category -Interactions O -of O -some O -acceptors O -with O -superoxide B-Chemical -anion O -radicals O -formed O -by O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -flavoprotein O -in O -rat O -liver O -microsomal O -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -values O -of O -the O -kinetic O -constants O -for O -interaction O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -Nitro O -Blue O -Tetrazolium O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -flavoprotein O -, O -the O -rates O -of O -generation O -of O -O2 O -- O -in O -rat O -liver O -microsomal O -fraction O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Ehrlich O -ascites O -- O -tumour O -cells O -were O -investigated O -with O -regard O -to O -their O -stability O -to O -transport O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -by O -measuring O -either O -the O -distribution O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -lactate B-Chemical -or O -concomitant O -H O -+ O -ion O -movements O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -experiments O -showed O -that O -lactate B-Chemical -transport O -was O -saturable O -, O -with O -an O -apparent O -Km O -of O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactate B-Chemical -transport O -was O -inhibited O -competitively O -by O -( O -a O -) O -a O -variety O -of O -other O -substituted O -monocarboxylic O -acids O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -using O -saturating O -amounts O -of O -mersalyl O -as O -an O -" O -inhibitor O -stop O -" O -allowed O -measurements O -of O -the O -initial O -rates O -of O -net O -influx O -and O -of O -net O -efflux O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -lactate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -lactate B-Chemical -transport O -in O -Ehrlich O -ascites O -- O -tumour O -cells O -is O -mediated O -by O -a O -carrier O -capable O -of O -transporting O -a O -number O -of O -other O -substituted O -monocarboxylic O -acids O -, O -but O -not O -unsubstituted O -short O -- O -chain O -aliphatic O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -, O -7 O -- O -Dideoxy O -- O -alpha O -- O -D O -- O -gluco O -- O -heptose O -7 O -- O -phosphonic O -acid O -, O -the O -isosteric O -phosphonate O -analogue O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -was O -synthesized O -in O -six O -steps O -from O -the O -readily O -available O -precursor O -benzyl O -4 O -, O -6 O -- O -O O -- O -benzylidene O -- O -alpha O -- O -D O -- O -glucopyranoside O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -product O -of O -enzymic O -dehydrogenation O -of O -the O -phosphonate O -analogue O -at O -pH8 O -. O -5 O -is O -itself O -a O -substrate O -for O -gluconate O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Digestion O -of O -human O -subcomponent O -C1q O -with O -pepsin O -at O -pH4 O -. O -45 O -for O -20h O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -fragmented O -most O -of O -the O -non O -- O -collagen O -- O -like O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequences O -in O -the O -molecule O -to O -small O -peptides O -, O -whereas O -the O -entire O -regions O -of O -collagen O -- O -like O -sequence O -that O -comprised O -38 O -% O -by O -weight O -of O -the O -subcomponent O -C1q O -were O -left O -intact O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -fragments O -were O -separated O -on O -CM O -- O -cellulose O -at O -pH4 O -. O -9 O -in O -buffers O -containing O -7 O -. O -5M B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Estimation O -of O -the O -molecular O -weights O -of O -the O -peptic O -fragments O -by O -polyacrylamide O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -run O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -gave O -values O -that O -were O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -[ O -1 O -- O -14C O -] O -oleoyl O -- O -CoA O -was O -incubated O -with O -a O -pea O -- O -leaf O -homogenate O -oleate O -was O -both O -incorporated O -into O -microsomal O -3 O -- O -sn O -- O -phosphatidylcholine O -and O -released O -as O -the O -unesterified O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -concentrations O -of O -microsomal O -preparation O -and O -[ O -14C O -] O -oleoyl O -- O -CoA O -used O -to O -study O -oleate O -desaturation O -the O -metabolism O -of O -the O -thiol B-Chemical -ester O -was O -essentially O -complete O -after O -5 O -min O -incubation O -, O -but O -the O -loss O -of O -label O -from O -3 O -- O -sn O -- O -phosphatidylcholine O -oleate O -and O -the O -concomitant O -increase O -in O -radioactivity O -in O -the O -linoleate O -of O -this O -phospholipid O -proceeded O -at O -approximately O -linear O -rates O -over O -a O -60 O -min O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Oleate O -desaturation O -required O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -with O -unwashed O -microsomal O -fractions O -was O -stimulated O -either O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -or O -by O -the O -105 O -000g O -supernatant O -. O - -aps B-category -NADPH B-Chemical -could O -be O -replaced O -by O -NADH O -or O -NADP O -+ O -, O -but O -not O -by O -NAD O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -pretreatment O -with O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -, O -alpha O -- O -D O -- O -mannosidase O -dissociated O -into O -subunits O -of O -mol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proteinases O -were O -efficiently O -adsorbed O -to O -insoluble O -material O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -salt B-Chemical -in O -the O -initial O -stages O -of O -purification O -. O - -aps B-category -Cathepsin O -G O -showed O -the O -characteristics O -of O -a O -serine O -proteinase O -, O -but O -was O -less O -affected O -by O -the O -chloromethyl O -ketone B-Chemical -of O -tosylphenylalanine O -than O -was O -chymotrypsin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -analogue O -of O -fructose O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -bisphosphate O -in O -which O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -group O -, O -- O -O O -- O -PO3H2 O -, O -on O -C O -- O -6 O -is O -replaced O -by O -the O -phosphonomethyl O -group O -, O -- O -CH2 O -- O -PO3H2 O -, O -was O -made O -enzymically O -from O -the O -corresponding O -analogue O -of O -3 O -- O -phosphoglycerate O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -proved O -to O -be O -a O -substrate O -for O -the O -sequential O -actions O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -isomerase O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -erythrocyte O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -ferrocyanide O -charge O -- O -transfer O -complex O -of O -bovine O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -production O -of O -the O -outer O -membrane O -receptors O -for O -colicins O -B O -, O -D O -and O -M O -by O -Escherichia O -coli O -under O -iron B-Chemical -starvation O -. O - -aps B-category -Alkaloid O -products O -in O -the O -metabolism O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -and O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -adrenal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -: O -neuronal O -versus O -local O -control O -studied O -with O -apomorphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -affecting O -morphine B-Chemical -uptake O -into O -kidney O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -Impairment O -of O -hepatic O -microsomal O -drug O -metabolism O -in O -the O -rat O -during O -daily O -disulfiram B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -in O -the O -toxicity O -of O -fluroxene O -( O -2 O -, O -2 O -, O -2 O -- O -trifluoroethyl O -vinyl O -ether B-Chemical -) O -anaesthesia O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Association O -of O -nucleic O -acids O -with O -complexes O -of O -N O -- O -methyl O -isatin O -- O -beta O -- O -thiosemicarbazone O -and O -copper B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -metal O -complexing O -property O -of O -furosemide B-Chemical -and O -bumetanide B-Chemical -: O -determination O -of O -pK O -and O -stability O -constant O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -further O -experiments O -we O -studied O -the O -influence O -of O -antirheumatic O -drugs O -, O -such O -as O -sodium B-Chemical -salicylate I-Chemical -, O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -, O -pentosanpoly O -- O -sulfate O -and O -gold B-Chemical -thiopolypeptide O -, O -on O -cartilage O -degradation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -report O -two O -examples O -( O -inhibition O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -by O -pyridine O -and O -benzamide B-Chemical -derivates O -) O -are O -given O -for O -the O -interpretation O -of O -the O -MASCA O -- O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Earlier O -findings O -have O -shown O -that O -in O -experimental O -animals O -( O -rat O -) O -and O -in O -man O -inhaled O -carbon B-Chemical -disulphide O -( O -CS2 O -) O -reversibly O -inhibits O -the O -non O -- O -specific O -oxidative O -drug O -metabolism O -caused O -by O -hepatic O -microsomal O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -oxidase O -from O -octopus O -liver O -( O -Octopus O -vulgaris O -Lam O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -influence O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -on O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -non O -- O -protein O -nitrogen B-Chemical -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -values O -were O -calculated O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -excretion O -of O -creatinine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -b O -) O -Moreover O -, O -if O -the O -drug O -induced O -a O -parkinsonoid O -( O -thioridazine B-Chemical -) O -the O -excretion O -of O -ser O -and O -thr O -was O -increased O -, O -too O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Concentration O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -in O -the O -erythrocytes O -of O -small O -- O -for O -- O -gestational O -- O -age O -newborn O -infants O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -contribution O -to O -acidification O -of O -the O -stomach O -contents O -of O -pigs O -by O -hydrochloric O -acid O -secretion O -or O -by O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -produced O -by O -fermentation O -was O -studied O -in O -fifteen O -suckling O -pigs O -from O -six O -litters O -born O -and O -reared O -either O -in O -a O -' O -conventional O -' O -environment O -or O -in O -an O -isolated O -' O -clean O -' O -environment O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -pigs O -from O -two O -litters O -born O -and O -reared O -in O -a O -' O -clean O -' O -environment O -had O -acid O -secretion O -in O -the O -stomach O -at O -2 O -d O -of O -age O -, O -and O -the O -concentrations O -of O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -stomach O -contents O -remained O -low O -( O -0 O -- O -40 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -) O -throughout O -the O -suckling O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pattern O -of O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -production O -( O -and O -hence O -the O -acidity O -of O -stomach O -contents O -) O -was O -governed O -by O -frequency O -of O -suckling O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -that O -the O -environment O -at O -birth O -is O -important O -in O -determining O -the O -fermentative O -ability O -of O -the O -stomach O -flora O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -that O -if O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -is O -produced O -in O -large O -amounts O -in O -the O -stomach O -, O -it O -may O -partly O -or O -completely O -inhibit O -acidification O -by O -HC1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -indicate O -that O -a O -specific O -interaction O -, O -which O -develops O -in O -parallel O -with O -enzyme O -activity O -at O -low O -pH O -, O -does O -not O -occur O -at O -the O -iron B-Chemical -atom O -first O -coordination O -sphere O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -progress O -of O -the O -transamination O -was O -monitored O -spectrophotometrically O -by O -use O -of O -a O -strong O -absorbance O -of O -the O -product O -in O -alkali B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -the O -elimination O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -and O -37 O -degrees O -C O -increased O -proportionally O -with O -the O -increase O -of O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -modified O -DNA O -samples O -were O -further O -treated O -with O -a O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -at O -pH O -7 O -, O -producing O -4 O -- O -semicarbazido O -- O -2 O -- O -ketopyrimidine O -residues O -in O -the O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -also O -showed O -that O -the O -reactive O -cytosine B-Chemical -residues O -in O -the O -denatured O -DNA O -, O -constitute O -about O -80 O -% O -of O -the O -total O -cytosine B-Chemical -, O -which O -was O -consistent O -with O -the O -view O -that O -heat O -- O -denatured O -DNA O -still O -contains O -a O -considerable O -amount O -of O -secondary O -structure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thermostability O -and O -proteolytic O -inactivation O -of O -rat O -liver O -submitochondrial O -particle O -transhydrogenase O -was O -studied O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -pyridine O -dinucleotide O -substrates O -and O -a O -variety O -of O -divalent O -metal O -and O -nucleotide B-Chemical -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Tryptic O -inactivation O -was O -inhibited O -by O -2 O -' O -- O -AMP O -and O -NMN O -+ O -but O -was O -not O -influenced O -by O -the O -other O -nucleotide B-Chemical -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cases O -where O -primary O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -are O -also O -present O -in O -the O -system O -, O -we O -have O -observed O -a O -red O -shift O -of O -the O -emission O -spectra O -of O -the O -fluorescent O -adducts O -subsequent O -to O -the O -initial O -conjugation O -, O -as O -characterized O -by O -the O -disappearance O -of O -three O -emission O -peaks O -at O -376 O -, O -396 O -, O -and O -416 O -nm O -, O -and O -the O -appearance O -of O -two O -new O -peaks O -at O -386 O -and O -405 O -nm O -. O - -aps B-category -N O -- O -( O -1 O -- O -Pyrene O -) O -maleimide O -adducts O -of O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -and O -beta O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -, O -which O -have O -no O -free O -amino B-Chemical -group O -, O -do O -not O -exhibit O -a O -spectral O -shift O -. O - -aps B-category -N O -- O -( O -1 O -- O -Pyrene O -) O -maleimide O -reacts O -with O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -of O -the O -single O -cysteine B-Chemical -residue O -at O -position O -34 O -in O -BSA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -proximity O -of O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -and O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -is O -very O -critical O -in O -the O -cross O -- O -linking O -as O -demonstrated O -by O -the O -observation O -that O -the O -spectral O -shift O -observed O -with O -PM O -- O -BSA O -can O -be O -prevented O -by O -addition O -of O -denaturing O -reagents O -such O -as O -1 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -immediately O -after O -labeling O -, O -and O -by O -the O -failure O -of O -PM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -to O -undergo O -the O -intramolecular O -aminolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -change O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -phosphates O -is O -related O -to O -the O -macroscopic O -phosphate B-Chemical -binding O -constants O -of O -oxy O -- O -and O -deoxyhemoglobin O -and O -used O -to O -extract O -such O -binding O -constants O -from O -oxygen B-Chemical -equilibrium O -measurements O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -organic O -phosphates O -is O -incorporated O -into O -an O -allosteric O -model O -, O -in O -which O -the O -effect O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -on O -both O -tertiary O -and O -quaternary O -structure O -changes O -is O -included O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -changing O -pH O -from O -neutral O -to O -alkaline O -, O -the O -chemical O -shift O -and O -the O -intensity O -of O -signal O -were O -mostly O -affected O -in O -the O -N O -- O -3 O -resonance O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dual O -divalent O -cation O -requirement O -for O -activation O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -; O -essential O -roles O -of O -both O -enzyme O -- O -and O -nucleotide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bound I-Chemical -metal O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -essential O -role O -of O -the O -divalent O -cation O -at O -site O -1 O -is O -shown O -by O -the O -requirement O -for O -Mg2 O -+ O -or O -Mn2 O -+ O -for O -the O -enolization O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -substitution O -inert O -Cr3 O -+ O -- O -ATP O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -dissociation O -constant O -for O -Mn2 O -+ O -from O -the O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -- O -Mn2 O -+ O -- O -ATP O -- O -Cr3 O -+ O -- B-Chemical -pyruvate I-Chemical -complex O -of O -1 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -muM O -is O -determined O -by O -the O -kinetics O -of O -detritiation O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -by O -parallel O -Mn2 O -+ O -binding O -studies O -using O -electron O -paramagnetic O -resonance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -detritiation O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -is O -proportional O -to O -the O -concentration O -of O -the O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -- O -Mn2 O -+ O -- O -ATP O -- O -Mn2 O -+ O -- B-Chemical -pyruvate I-Chemical -complex O -, O -as O -determined O -by O -parellel O -kinetic O -and O -binding O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Variation O -of O -the O -nature O -of O -the O -divalent O -cation O -at O -both O -sites O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -ATP O -causes O -a O -sevenfold O -variation O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -detritiation O -or O -pyruvate B-Chemical -that O -correlates O -with O -the O -pKa O -of O -the O -metal O -- O -bound O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -NADP O -+ O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -in O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -- O -deficient O -erythrocytes O -under O -oxidative O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -, O -other O -than O -to O -confirm O -that O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -deficiency O -is O -a O -product O -deficiency O -disorder O -, O -demonstrate O -that O -under O -oxidative O -stimulation O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -may O -become O -functionally O -impaired O -and O -GSSG B-Chemical -cannot O -be O -reduced O -at O -a O -sufficient O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanism O -of O -formation O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -addition O -radicals O -in O -frozen O -aquenous O -solutions O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -NADPH B-Chemical -/ O -NADP O -+ O -ratios O -in O -photosynthesizing O -reconstituted O -chloroplasts O -. O - -aps B-category -Nonetheless O -these O -lower O -ratios O -are O -sufficient O -to O -maintain O -high O -rates O -of O -photosynthetic O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -fixation O -and O -reduction O -, O -which O -are O -comparable O -in O -the O -reconstituted O -chloroplasts O -to O -the O -rates O -found O -with O -whole O -chloroplasts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -addition O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -( O -6 O -mM O -) O -in O -causing O -a O -transient O -drop O -in O -the O -ratio O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -/ O -NADP O -/ O -is O -described O -and O -discussed O -in O -terms O -of O -the O -reversibility O -of O -the O -reduction O -of O -3 O -- O -phosphoglycerate O -to O -triose O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -importance O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -/ O -NADP O -+ O -ratio O -not O -only O -to O -the O -reduction O -of O -3 O -- O -phosphoglycerate O -to O -triose O -phosphate B-Chemical -but O -also O -to O -the O -activation O -of O -the O -ribulose O -- O -1 O -, O -5 O -- O -diphosphate O -carboxylasemediated O -step O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -long O -- O -term O -regulation O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -and O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -sterol B-Chemical -synthesis O -was O -studied O -in O -C O -- O -6 O -glial O -cells O -in O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -likelihood O -that O -the O -decrease O -in O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -from O -acetate O -was O -caused O -by O -the O -decrease O -in O -activities O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -was O -established O -by O -several O -observations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -on O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -was O -shown O -by O -immunochemical O -techniques O -to O -involve O -an O -alteration O -in O -content O -of O -enzyme O -rather O -than O -in O -catalytic O -efficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -whereby O -theophylline B-Chemical -leads O -to O -a O -decrease O -in O -lipogenesis O -and O -in O -the O -synthesis O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -may O -not O -be O -mediated O -entirely O -by O -inhibition O -of O -phosphodiesterase O -and O -an O -increase O -in O -cyclic O -AMP O -levels O -, O -because O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -) O -only O -partially O -reproduced O -the O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -now O -been O -shown O -that O -the O -ratio O -of O -these O -three O -positional O -isomers O -in O -the O -enzymatic O -product O -remains O -unchanged O -in O -spite O -of O -partial O -diminution O -of O -total O -hydroxylase O -activity O -by O -heat O -treatment O -, O -pH O -change O -or O -inhibition O -by O -p O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -mercuribenzoate O -or O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -electrophoretically O -and O -chromatographically O -pure O -enzymes O -were O -obtained O -, O -which O -had O -the O -same O -molecular O -weight O -( O -60 O -000 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3000 O -) O -and O -specific O -activity O -, O -and O -almost O -identical O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -compositions O -; O -the O -isoelectric O -points O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1 O -) O -In O -order O -to O -study O -the O -relationship O -between O -aromatization O -( O -estrogen B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -) O -and O -1beta O -- O -hydroxylation O -, O -the O -effects O -of O -a O -variety O -of O -factors O -on O -these O -processes O -were O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -Tris O -and O -barbital O -buffers O -, O -as O -well O -as O -pH O -changes O -from O -6 O -. O -9 O -to O -7 O -. O -7 O -, O -had O -no O -stimulatory O -or O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -the O -production O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -and O -1beta O -- O -hydroxy O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -include O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -, O -SU O -- O -4885 O -and O -amphenone O -B O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -6 O -) O -We O -conclude O -that O -while O -estrogen B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -and O -1beta O -- O -hydroxylation O -appear O -to O -be O -mediated O -by O -the O -same O -enzyme O -system O -, O -the O -same O -conclusion O -cannot O -be O -drawn O -for O -the O -aromatization O -of O -C19 O -and O -C18 O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -- O -estrene O -- O -3 O -, O -17 O -- O -dione O -was O -used O -to O -find O -that O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -, O -SU O -- O -4885 O -, O -amphenone O -B O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -cyanide O -, O -4 O -- O -androstene O -- O -3 O -, O -17 O -- O -dione O -, O -and O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -androstadiene O -- O -3 O -, O -17 O -- O -dione O -inhibited O -the O -above O -transformations O -to O -varying O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbon O -monoxide O -, O -SU O -- O -4885 O -, O -and O -amphenone O -B O -affected O -the O -aromatization O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -19 I-Chemical -and O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -18 I-Chemical -steroids B-Chemical -differently O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -while O -estrogen B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -and O -lbeta O -- O -hydroxylation O -appear O -to O -be O -mediated O -by O -the O -same O -enzyme O -system O -, O -however O -, O -the O -same O -conclusion O -cannot O -be O -drawn O -for O -the O -aromatization O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -19 I-Chemical -and O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -18 I-Chemical -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -Minor O -components O -of O -the O -glycolipid O -fraction O -included O -O O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -glucopyranosyl O -- O -( O -1 O -leads O -to O -4 O -) O -- O -O O -- O -2 O -- O -acylamido O -- O -2 O -- O -deoxy O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -glucopyranosylglycerol O -, O -O B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucopyranosyl I-Chemical -pentacyclic O -tetrol O -and O -free O -pentacyclic O -tetrol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -hemoglobin O -showed O -a O -lesser O -mobility O -on O -starch O -gel O -electrophoresis O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -5 O -than O -that O -of O -human O -hemoglobin O -C O -. O -Native O -camel O -hemoglobin O -contains O -95 O -- O -99 O -% O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -hemoglobin O -and O -in O -soluble O -in O -2 O -. O -94 O -M O -K2HPO4 O -/ O -KH2PO4 O -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -Between O -adult O -camel O -hemoglobin O -and O -adult O -human O -hemoglobin O -six O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -differences O -in O -the O -N O -- O -terminal O -20 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -of O -the O -alpha O -chain O -, O -at O -residues O -: O -4 O -, O -5 O -, O -12 O -, O -14 O -, O -17 O -, O -and O -19 O -; O -eight O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -substitutions O -were O -found O -in O -the O -beta O -chain O -at O -positions O -: O -4 O -, O -5 O -, O -6 O -, O -9 O -, O -12 O -, O -13 O -, O -16 O -, O -and O -19 O -. O - -aps B-category -Cysteine O -and O -cysteine B-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -coordinated O -to O -the O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -18 O -but O -not O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -86 O -and O -11 O -. O -45 O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -sulfide O -gave O -an O -MCD O -spectrum O -which O -resembled O -that O -of O -the O -normal O -thiol B-Chemical -Mb O -complex O -just O -after O -addition O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -86 O -. O - -aps B-category -Non O -- O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -non O -- O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -protein O -, O -rubredoxin O -has O -been O -isolated O -from O -the O -sulfate O -- O -reducing O -bacterium O -, O -Desulfovibrio O -vulgaris O -, O -strain O -Hildenborough O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -52 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -of O -the O -protein O -were O -aligned O -with O -the O -aid O -of O -tryptic O -and O -chymotryptic O -peptides O -and O -of O -a O -fragment O -produced O -by O -cleavage O -of O -the O -Asn O -- O -Gly O -bond O -( O -22 O -- O -23 O -) O -by O -hydroxylamine O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -shown O -that O -20 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -occurred O -in O -identical O -positions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -with O -a O -protein O -isolated O -from O -hen O -' O -s O -egg O -white O -: O -a O -spectrofluorimetric O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -; O -1 O -: O -1 O -complex O -formation O -occurs O -with O -the O -association O -constant O -Ka O -= O -7 O -. O -7 O -- O -10 O -( O -7 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -, O -together O -with O -those O -obtained O -by O -measuring O -the O -fluorescence O -intensities O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -in O -presence O -of O -N O -- O -bromosuccinimide O -oxidized O -- O -and O -disulphide O -reduced O -apoprotein O -, O -suggest O -that O -carboxyl O -functions O -, O -1 O -- O -2 O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -and O -2 O -- O -3 O -disulphide O -bridges O -are O -essential O -for O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -data O -it O -was O -concluded O -that O -the O -energy O -transfer O -did O -not O -occur O -with O -equal O -efficiency O -under O -all O -conditions O -and O -that O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -responsible O -for O -the O -riboflavin B-Chemical -binding O -are O -more O -accessible O -to O -N O -- O -bromosuccinimide O -oxidation O -than O -others O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -activated O -adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -pig O -skin O -( O -epidermal O -) O -slices O -, O -resulting O -in O -the O -accumulation O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -specific O -H2 O -receptor O -inhibitor O -( O -metiamide O -) O -inhibited O -the O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -completely O -, O -while O -other O -antihistamines O -( O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -, O -acetophenazine O -, O -perphenazine O -, O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -, O -promethazine B-Chemical -) O -inhibited O -the O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -to O -various O -lesser O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -data O -using O -specific O -blocking O -agents O -indicate O -that O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -act O -independently O -on O -the O -epidermal O -adenylate O -cyclase O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Slices O -of O -duodenum O -and O -jejunum O -produce O -ammonia B-Chemical -from O -glutamine B-Chemical -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -dependence O -of O -13C O -- O -15N O -coupling O -constants O -of O -highly O -14N O -- O -enriched O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -isolated O -from O -mass O -cultivation O -of O -algae O -. O - -aps B-category -19 O -. O -7 O -% O -of O -the O -dried O -algae O -were O -isolated O -as O -a O -mixture O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -15N O -cotent O -of O -the O -analytically O -pure O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -determined O -by O -combined O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -- O -mass O -spectrometry O -of O -the O -trifluoroacetylated O -methylesters O -and O -by O -emission O -spectroscopy O -in O -the O -15N O -analysator O -. O - -aps B-category -Secondary O -kinase O -reactions O -catalyzed O -by O -yeast O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -are O -compared O -with O -those O -obtained O -from O -muscle O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -and O -the O -implications O -of O -the O -results O -for O -the O -mechanism O -of O -the O -yeast O -enzyme O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proton O -- O -transfer O -reactions O -of O -yeast O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -1 O -. O -40 O -) O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -proton O -transfer O -in O -the O -latter O -case O -occurs O -10 O -- O -100 O -times O -faster O -than O -phosphoryl O -transfer O -; O -this O -supports O -a O -mechanism O -in O -which O -proton O -transfer O -precedes O -phosphoryl O -transfer O -in O -the O -reverse O -reaction O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -profiles O -and O -the O -divalent O -cation O -dependencies O -were O -similar O -for O -Fru O -- O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -P2 O -- O -activated O -yeast O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -and O -the O -muscle O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Fructose O -- O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -bisphosphate O -was O -shown O -to O -affect O -the O -catelytic O -steps O -of O -yeast O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -in O -addition O -to O -the O -binding O -of O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -one O -protein O -band O -was O -found O -after O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -of O -the O -pure O -lysyl O -oxidase O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -and O -mercaptoethanol O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -peaks O -were O -rechromatographed O -separately O -, O -they O -eluted O -at O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -the O -original O -chromatogram O -. O - -aps B-category -Sarcosine O -was O -oxidized O -by O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -: O -O2 O -oxidoreductase O -( O -deaminating O -) O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -3 O -) O -to O -yield O -methylamine O -and O -glyoxylic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -primary O -step O -in O -the O -reaction O -was O -the O -release O -of O -a O -proton O -from O -the O -substrate O -, O -indicating O -the O -formation O -of O -a O -substituted O -imino O -acid O -, O -which O -was O -spontaneously O -hydrolyzed O -to O -glyoxylic O -acid O -acid O -and O -an O -amine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Decreasing O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -concentration O -below O -10 O -mM O -decreased O -the O -ADP O -/ O -O O -ratio O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -envelope O -- O -free O -spinach O -chloroplasts O -are O -incubated O -with O -stromal O -protein O -, O -catalytic O -NADP O -, O -catalytic O -ADP O -, O -radioactive O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -and O -fructose O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -bisphosphate O -, O -14CO2 O -fixation O -starts O -immediately O -upon O -illumination O -but O -oxygen B-Chemical -evolution O -is O -delayed O -. O - -aps B-category -Bearing O -in O -mind O -the O -known O -inhibition O -, O -by O -ADP O -, O -of O -sn O -- O -phospho O -- O -3 O -- O -glycerate O -( O -3 O -- O -phosphoglycerate O -) O -reduction O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -lag O -in O -O2 O -evolution O -results O -from O -the O -production O -of O -ribulose O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -from O -fructose O -bisphosphate O -and O -that O -this O -in O -turn O -inhibits O -the O -reoxidation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -by O -adversely O -affecting O -the O -ADP O -/ O -ATP O -ratio O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -initial O -inflow O -is O -apparently O -driven O -by O -a O -pre O -- O -existing O -electrochemical O -gradient O -across O -the O -membrane O -, O -which O -the O -cells O -can O -maintain O -for O -extended O -times O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -light O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -may O -reflect O -the O -accumulation O -of O -the O -oxidized O -secondary O -donor O -upon O -inhibition O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -evolution O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -and O -calculation O -of O -enthalpies O -of O -reaction O -as O -a O -function O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -experimental O -results O -span O -the O -range O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -ion O -concentrations O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -to O -0 O -. O -3 O -mol O -alpha O -- O -1 O -and O -show O -a O -total O -variation O -in O -the O -enthalpy O -of O -reaction O -of O -almost O -10 O -kJ O -mol O -- O -1 O -, O -with O -the O -most O -exothermic O -reaction O -occurring O -at O -a O -magnesium B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -of O -6 O -. O -0 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -mol O -alpha O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Bohr O -effect O -of O -hemoglobin O -and O -that O -of O -the O -aquomet O -and O -cyanomet O -valency O -hybrids O -was O -measured O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -the O -absence O -of O -IHP O -( O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -) O -and O -DPG O -( O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -( O -a O -) O -that O -the O -Bohr O -effect O -is O -correlated O -to O -the O -ligation O -state O -of O -the O -hemoglobin O -molecule O -rather O -than O -to O -its O -quaternary O -structure O -( O -b O -) O -that O -the O -additional O -phosphate B-Chemical -induced O -Bohr O -effect O -is O -related O -to O -the O -change O -in O -quaternary O -structure O -of O -the O -tetramer O -, O -and O -( O -c O -) O -that O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -Bohr O -effect O -of O -the O -hybrids O -there O -is O -no O -difference O -between O -high O -and O -low O -spin O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Tests O -conducted O -on O -isolated O -and O -denervated O -preparations O -of O -the O -rat O -seminal O -duct O -brought O -evidence O -that O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -( O -melipromine O -, O -noverile O -and O -azaphen O -) O -when O -employed O -in O -low O -concentrations O -( O -1 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -9 O -) O -g O -/ O -ml O -) O -produced O -an O -adrenosensitizing O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -believed O -that O -there O -exists O -a O -predominance O -of O -the O -postsynaptic O -mechanism O -of O -the O -aminosensitizing O -action O -of O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -on O -the O -smooth O -muscle O -organ O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -potencies O -of O -fifteen O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonists O -of O -widely O -differing O -chemical O -structures O -were O -compared O -with O -that O -of O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -isoprenaline I-Chemical -on O -bronchial O -muscle O -, O -soleus O -muscle O -, O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -in O -the O -anaesthetized O -cat O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -The O -remaining O -agonist O -- O -AH O -7616 O -( O -4 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -alpha1 O -- O -[ O -[ O -( O -1 O -- O -methyl O -- O -3 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphenyl O -- O -propyl O -) O -amino B-Chemical -] O -- O -methyl O -] O -- O -m O -- O -xylene O -- O -alpha1 O -, O -alpha3 O -- O -diol O -, O -acetate O -) O -- O -was O -also O -significantly O -less O -potent O -on O -heart O -rate O -than O -on O -the O -other O -parameters O -; O -in O -addition O -, O -it O -was O -clearly O -less O -potent O -on O -soleus O -muscle O -and O -blood O -pressure O -than O -on O -bronchial O -muscle O -when O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -was O -used O -to O -induce O -bronchospasm O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -when O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -was O -used O -instead O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -the O -potency O -of O -AH O -7616 O -on O -bronchial O -muscle O -, O -soleus O -muscle O -and O -blood O -pressure O -was O -very O -similar O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -The O -fifteen O -test O -agonists O -were O -longer O -acting O -than O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -isoprenaline I-Chemical -and O -this O -was O -particularly O -true O -of O -trimetoquinol O -and O -soterenol O -. O - -aps B-category -Blockade O -by O -burimamide O -of O -the O -restorative O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -tetrodotoxin O -- O -treated O -heart O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -Investigations O -to O -characterize O -a O -new O -anti O -- O -arrhythmic O -drug O -, O -ORG O -6001 O -including O -a O -simple O -test O -for O -calcium B-Chemical -antagonism O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -Org O -6001 O -was O -1 O -. O -8 O -times O -more O -potent O -than O -procaine B-Chemical -as O -a O -local O -anaesthetic O -on O -desheathed O -frog O -nerve O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -relatively O -large O -doses O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -( O -100 O -- O -200 O -mg O -) O -admininstered O -to O -the O -mother O -had O -no O -consistent O -effect O -on O -normal O -foetal O -breathing O -movements O -, O -though O -they O -abolished O -the O -foetal O -response O -to O -hypercapnia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -or O -ketobemidone O -relieved O -nausea O -as O -well O -as O -pain O -in O -80 O -per O -cent O -of O -the O -episodes O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -eleven O -general O -anaesthetics O -administered O -with O -7 O -. O -5 O -per O -cent O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -during O -spontaneous O -breathing O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -none O -of O -the O -serum O -electrolytes O -measured O -was O -significantly O -altered O -by O -the O -subtotal O -salivary O -shutdown O -. O - -aps B-category -Injection O -of O -meglumine O -diatrizoate B-Chemical -( O -Renografin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -76 I-Chemical -) O -into O -the O -selectively O -perfused O -sinus O -node O -artery O -of O -the O -dog O -produces O -bradycardia O -which O -is O -unaltered O -by O -autonomic O -blockade O -or O -by O -changes O -in O -sinus O -node O -artery O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -injection O -of O -contrast B-Chemical -media I-Chemical -into O -other O -cannulated O -segments O -of O -the O -coronary O -tree O -produces O -no O -change O -in O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Simplified O -, O -totally O -enzymatic O -method O -for O -determination O -of O -serum O -triglycerides B-Chemical -with O -a O -centrifugal O -analyzer O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -these O -conditions O -the O -glycerol O -determination O -is O -linear O -to O -at O -least O -4 O -. O -0 O -g O -of O -glycerol O -per O -liter O -, O -as O -triglyceride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -further O -describe O -the O -advantages O -of O -this O -method O -( O -odorless O -, O -precise O -, O -reproducible O -) O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -other O -current O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -Analytical O -parameters O -( O -pH O -of O -precipitation O -, O -temperature O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -oxalate O -added O -, O -precipitation O -time O -, O -interfering O -substances O -) O -were O -studied O -with O -the O -aid O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -oxalic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -levels O -and O -effects O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -on O -blood O -pressure O -, O -adrenergic O -beta O -receptor O -blockade O -, O -and O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -in O -essential O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -decrease O -in O -blood O -pressure O -during O -treatment O -with O -metoprolol B-Chemical -was O -24 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -8 O -( O -SEM O -) O -/ O -10 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -1 O -mm O -Hg O -in O -the O -lying O -position O -and O -23 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -4 O -/ O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -1 O -mm O -Hg O -after O -1 O -min O -in O -the O -standing O -position O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -neither O -of O -these O -variables O -correlated O -with O -the O -dose O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -in O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -in O -the O -mean O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -in O -the O -lying O -position O -was O -significantly O -correlated O -to O -the O -PRA O -during O -the O -placebo O -period O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -61 O -, O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -but O -not O -to O -the O -plasma O -steady O -- O -state O -levels O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -the O -degree O -of O -beta O -receptor O -blockade O -, O -and O -the O -decrease O -in O -PRA O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -first O -period O -the O -patients O -were O -randomly O -allocated O -to O -either O -their O -individual O -established O -dose O -of O -prazosin B-Chemical -or O -to O -the O -same O -number O -of O -placebo O -tablets O -; O -treatment O -was O -reversed O -after O -6 O -wk O -. O - -aps B-category -Standing O -pulse O -rate O -and O -body O -weight O -were O -higher O -and O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -lower O -during O -prazosin B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -levels O -and O -electroencephalographic O -effects O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -bromazepam O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -levels O -of O -100 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -or O -50 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -of O -bromazepam O -were O -associated O -with O -significant O -changes O -in O -EEG O -beta O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -a O -weakly O -significant O -correlation O -was O -found O -between O -measurable O -diazepam B-Chemical -blood O -levels O -and O -amount O -of O -increased O -EEG O -beta O -activity O -, O -the O -relationship O -between O -measurable O -bromazepam O -blood O -levels O -and O -the O -degree O -of O -EEG O -changes O -was O -not O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -Tricyclic O -antidepressant B-Chemical -overdosage O -: O -experimental O -studies O -on O -the O -management O -of O -circulatory O -complications O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -proved O -the O -most O -effective O -experimentally O -and O -this O -supports O -our O -clinical O -experience O -. O - -aps B-category -Gating O -mechanism O -for O -the O -activation O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -conductance O -in O -nerve O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -preliminary O -investigation O -into O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -combining I-Chemical -properties O -of O -pogonophore O -haemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -urea B-Chemical -levels O -and O -erythrocyte O -fragility O -to O -isosmotic O -urea B-Chemical -during O -hibernation O -and O -activity O -of O -Spermophilus O -tridecimlineatus O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -tissue O -degrowth O -in O -starved O -freshwater O -pulmonate O -snails O -( O -Helisoma O -trivolvis O -) O -from O -tissue O -, O -carbon B-Chemical -, O -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -analyses O -. O - -aps B-category -Free O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -pools O -in O -muscle O -and O -hemolymph O -during O -the O -molt O -cycle O -of O -the O -land O -crab O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distribution O -of O -taurine O -, O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -inorganic O -ions O -between O -plasma O -and O -erythrocytes O -in O -flounder O -( O -Platichthys O -flesus O -) O -at O -different O -plasma O -osmolalities O -. O - -aps B-category -Cytoplasmic O -sources O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -for O -fat O -synthesis O -in O -rainbow O -trout O -liver O -: O -effect O -of O -thermal O -acclimation O -on O -enzyme O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Partial O -purification O -and O -some O -properties O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Eimeria O -stiedai O -( O -Lindemann O -, O -1865 O -) O -Kisskalt O -& O -amp O -; O -Hartmann O -, O -1907 O -( O -Protozoa O -: O -Coccidia O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -clinical O -study O -was O -carried O -out O -in O -73 O -neoplastic O -patients O -suffering O -from O -anxiety O -and O -other O -emotional O -upsets O -to O -assess O -the O -effectiveness O -and O -tolerance O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -fresh O -water O -, O -the O -gill O -is O -the O -site O -of O -independent O -active O -uptake O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -sea O -water O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -chloride B-Chemical -exchanges O -across O -the O -gill O -are O -about O -100 O -times O -faster O -than O -in O -fresh O -water O -, O -up O -to O -100 O -% O -of O -the O -internal O -sodium B-Chemical -or O -chloride B-Chemical -being O -exchanged O -per O -hour O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chloride B-Chemical -pump O -is O -associated O -with O -a O -mechanism O -for O -Na O -/ O -K O -exchange O -; O -both O -pump O -and O -Na O -/ O -K O -exchange O -are O -blocked O -by O -thiocyanate O -and O -possibly O -by O -ouabain B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Specialized O -cells O -( O -' O -chloride B-Chemical -cells O -' O -) O -are O -presumably O -the O -site O -of O -the O -active O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -pure O -gastric O -juice O -collected O -in O -vivo O -is O -virtually O -iso O -- O -osmotic O -with O -plasma O -, O -Teorell O -, O -Obrink O -and O -others O -found O -that O -instillation O -of O -a O -buffer O -solution O -( O -glycine B-Chemical -) O -in O -the O -lumen O -led O -to O -a O -twofold O -increase O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -gastric O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Clearly O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -solution O -affects O -the O -concentration O -of O -gastric O -secretion O -, O -probably O -by O -reducing O -an O -endogenous O -osmotic O -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurements O -of O -lung O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -, O -ion O -fluxes O -and O -bioelectric O -properties O -have O -helped O -to O -pinpoint O -possible O -sites O -and O -modes O -of O -action O -of O -airborne O -agents O -, O -such O -as O -heavy O -metals O -, O -sulphates O -and O -nitrates B-Chemical -, O -that O -may O -damage O -the O -mammalian O -pulmonary O -barrier O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -increases O -the O -net O -Cl O -- O -flux O -towards O -the O -lumen O -but O -reverses O -the O -orientation O -of O -the O -net O -Na O -+ O -flux O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -antihypertensive O -effect O -of O -a O -new O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -drug O -metroprolol O -in O -combination O -with O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -iv O -injection O -of O -either O -bPE O -( O -90 O -mg O -tissue O -/ O -rat O -) O -or O -AVT O -( O -10 O -mug O -/ O -rat O -) O -into O -estrogen B-Chemical -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -male O -rats O -resulted O -in O -a O -40 O -% O -and O -138 O -% O -increase O -, O -respectively O -, O -in O -plasma O -PRL O -titers O -, O -10 O -min O -after O -injection O -, O -over O -pre O -- O -injection O -control O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Responsiveness O -of O -ovarian O -adenylyl O -cyclases O -to O -luteinizing O -hormone O -( O -LH O -) O -, O -found O -to O -be O -5 O -to O -10 O -- O -fold O -in O -cell O -- O -free O -preparations O -under O -optimal O -conditions O -, O -required O -gentle O -homogenizations O -and O -storage O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -media O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -) O -The O -optimal O -relative O -stimulation O -by O -LH O -was O -obtained O -at O -about O -1 O -. O -0 O -mM O -MgCl2 O -in O -excess O -of O -added O -magnesium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -ingredients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -AC O -activity O -in O -pig O -Graafian O -follicles O -, O -however O -, O -differed O -from O -that O -in O -rabbit O -CL O -in O -that O -1 O -) O -the O -ATP O -concentration O -needed O -for O -optimal O -stimulation O -by O -LH O -was O -lower O -( O -in O -the O -micromolar O -rather O -than O -the O -millimolar O -range O -) O -; O -2 O -) O -catecholamines B-Chemical -elicited O -only O -a O -1 O -. O -3 O -to O -1 O -. O -4 O -- O -fold O -stimulation O -; O -and O -3 O -) O -NIH O -- O -LH O -- O -B8 O -elicited O -half O -- O -maximal O -stimulation O -at O -0 O -. O -008 O -to O -0 O -. O -020 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -of O -fatty O -- O -acid O -synthetase O -levels O -by O -exogeneous O -long O -- O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -yeasts O -Candida O -lipolytica O -and O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Candida O -lipolytica O -, O -this O -repression O -is O -accompanied O -by O -a O -corresponding O -loss O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -in O -the O -cell O -homogenate O -, O -when O -the O -cells O -were O -grown O -on O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -as O -the O -sole O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -fatty O -- O -acid O -- O -grown O -Candida O -lipolytica O -cells O -no O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -complex O -can O -be O -isolated O -, O -nor O -is O -there O -any O -immunologically O -cross O -- O -reacting O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -protein O -detectable O -in O -the O -crude O -cell O -extract O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -complex O -disappears O -rapidly O -from O -stationary O -phase O -Candida O -lipolytica O -cells O -even O -after O -growth O -in O -fatty O -- O -acid O -- O -free O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heat O -production O -of O -human O -erythrocytes O -was O -measured O -on O -a O -flow O -microcalorimeter O -with O -simultaneous O -analyses O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -other O -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heat O -production O -rate O -increased O -as O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -suspension O -increased O -, O -corresponding O -to O -the O -increase O -in O -lactate B-Chemical -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -Decrease O -in O -pyruvate B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -usually O -associated O -with O -increase O -in O -heat O -production O -, O -although O -the O -decreased O -pyruvate B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -coupled O -with O -formation O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -bisphosphoglycerate O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Candida O -utilis O -undergoes O -a O -reversible O -conformational O -transition O -between O -an O -active O -and O -an O -inactive O -state O -at O -low O -pH O -AND O -low O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -a O -cinnamoyl O -- O -CoA O -: O -NADPH B-Chemical -reductase O -from O -cell O -suspension O -cultures O -of O -soybean O -( O -Glycinemax O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -rate O -of O -reaction O -was O -observed O -between O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -and O -6 O -. O -2 O -in O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -M O -citrate B-Chemical -buffer O -at O -30 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -enzyme O -was O -markedly O -inhibited O -by O -thiol B-Chemical -reagents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -reaction O -observed O -with O -NADH O -was O -only O -about O -5 O -% O -of O -that O -found O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -soluble O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -enzyme O -is O -more O -active O -in O -female O -rats O -whereas O -both O -microsomal O -enzymes O -are O -considerably O -more O -active O -in O -male O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthetic O -3 O -' O -- O -nonanucleotide O -( O -I O -) O -accepted O -alanine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -% O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -intact O -tRNA O -) O -when O -combined O -with O -a O -4 O -- O -fold O -excess O -of O -the O -natural O -5 O -' O -- O -quarter O -and O -the O -chemically O -synthesized O -hexanucleotide O -( O -II O -) O -stimulated O -the O -aminoacylation O -of O -the O -natural O -3 O -' O -- O -half O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -series O -of O -head O -- O -injured O -patients O -, O -in O -coma O -, O -were O -treated O -with O -hyperbaric O -oxygen B-Chemical -( O -OHP O -) O -at O -2 O -. O -5 O -atm O -. O - -aps B-category -Pre O -- O -OHP O -and O -post O -- O -OHP O -average O -values O -of O -arterial O -blood O -and O -CSF O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -and O -CMRL O -act O -were O -higher O -than O -normal O -, O -while O -CBF O -, O -CMRO2 O -and O -CSF O -oxygen B-Chemical -pressure O -( O -PO2 O -) O -were O -lower O -. O - -aps B-category -CSF O -PO2 O -, O -CSF O -acid O -- O -base O -balance O -, O -and O -CSF O -lactate B-Chemical -content O -did O -not O -vary O -, O -and O -arterial O -PO2 O -showed O -a O -consistent O -fall O -. O - -aps B-category -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -at O -37 O -degrees O -and O -55 O -degrees O -AMP O -inhibits O -synergistically O -with O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -glutamine B-Chemical -, O -histidine O -) O -, O -the O -75 O -degrees O -enzyme O -is O -inhibited O -directly O -by O -the O -products O -ADP O -, O -( O -which O -assumes O -the O -role O -of O -AMP O -) O -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -, O -plus O -other O -ligands O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Ruderman O -' O -s O -preparation O -was O -utilized O -to O -investigate O -in O -situ O -some O -aspects O -of O -the O -muscular O -metabolism O -both O -at O -rest O -and O -during O -submaximal O -exercise O -upon O -bilateral O -sciatic O -nerve O -stimulation O -, O -and O -/ O -or O -during O -perfusion O -with O -some O -vasodilators O -: O -papaverine B-Chemical -, O -caffeine B-Chemical -, O -nicergoline B-Chemical -, O -bamethan O -. O - -aps B-category -the O -ketone B-Chemical -body O -itself O -) O -are O -probably O -used O -for O -energetic O -purposes O -both O -under O -basal O -conditions O -and O -during O -exercise O -, O -even O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -high O -glycogen O -concentrations O -in O -the O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -bamethan O -and O -caffeine B-Chemical -) O -, O -whereas O -others O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -concentration O -of O -hemoglobin O -is O -near O -the O -solubility O -limit O -a O -selective O -advantage O -should O -exist O -for O -a O -noncomplementary O -external O -topology O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -efficient O -hemoglobin O -must O -not O -only O -combine O -readily O -with O -oxygen B-Chemical -at O -prevailing O -environmental O -oxygen B-Chemical -pressures O -, O -but O -must O -also O -release O -it O -at O -metabolically O -appropriate O -pressures O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -many O -teleost O -fish O -have O -hemoglobins O -that O -discharge O -much O -of O -their O -oxygen B-Chemical -at O -low O -pH O -even O -at O -high O -oxygen B-Chemical -pressures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hemoglobins O -of O -elasmobranchs O -have O -evoked O -a O -unique O -resistance O -to O -urea B-Chemical -as O -a O -consequence O -of O -the O -high O -urea B-Chemical -content O -of O -their O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -lysosomal O -enzyme O -release O -by O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -, O -autonomic O -neurohormones O -and O -cyclic O -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -citrate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -preservative O -with O -optimal O -pH O -to O -maintain O -red O -cell O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -( O -function O -) O -and O -ATP O -( O -viability O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -citrate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -preservative O -, O -with O -a O -pH O -between O -5 O -. O -5 O -and O -6 O -. O -0 O -, O -would O -seem O -to O -be O -optimal O -for O -maintenance O -of O -hemoglobin O -function O -and O -red O -cell O -viability O -, O -as O -determined O -by O -measurements O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -and O -ATP O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Studies O -on O -biosynthesis O -of O -short O -- O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximal O -incorporation O -from O -[ O -1 O -- O -14C O -] O -acetate O -into O -total O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -observed O -in O -microsomes O -and O -supernatant O -fractions O -of O -mammary O -glands O -but O -the O -synthetic O -rate O -either O -in O -the O -microsomes O -alone O -or O -in O -the O -supernatant O -alone O -was O -rather O -low O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -synthesis O -from O -[ O -1 O -- O -14C O -] O -acetate O -was O -decreased O -markedly O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -avidin O -although O -n O -- O -butyric O -acid O -formation O -was O -restored O -to O -80 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -1 O -- O -14C O -] O -propionate O -was O -incorporated O -into O -even O -- O -numbered O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -odd O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -1 O -- O -14C O -] O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -was O -also O -incorporated O -slightly O -into O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -such O -as O -decanoic O -or O -dodecanoic O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -difference O -between O -the O -dependencies O -on O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -in O -the O -reduction O -of O -2 O -- O -hexenyl O -CoA O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -significant O -correlations O -between O -plasma O -insulin O -level O -and O -body O -weight O -and O -between O -plasma O -insulin O -level O -and O -the O -activities O -of O -malic O -enzyme O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -cleavage O -enzyme O -in O -Avy O -/ O -a O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Bactericidal O -mechanisms O -in O -rabbit O -alveolar O -macrophages O -: O -evidence O -against O -peroxidase O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -bactericidal O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Iodination O -of O -ingested O -zymosan O -particles O -, O -a O -peroxidase O -- O -dependent O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -reaction O -, O -was O -not O -observed O -, O -in O -spite O -of O -vigorous O -phagocytosis O -by O -alveolar O -macrophages O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -tetrazolium O -dye O -reduction O -reflects O -the O -activity O -of O -an O -oxidase O -responsible O -for O -stimulated O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -by O -polymorphonuclear O -leukocytes O -, O -this O -reaction O -was O -also O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbenicillin O -or O -ticarcillin O -were O -incubated O -individually O -with O -each O -of O -the O -following O -antibiotics O -: O -gentamicin B-Chemical -, O -tobramycin B-Chemical -, O -sisomicin O -, O -amikacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Amikacin B-Chemical -was O -inactivated O -the O -least O -of O -the O -aminoglycosides B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -on O -cAMP B-Chemical -content O -in O -bone O -- O -marrow O -cells O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -unirradiated O -CFW O -mice O -, O -the O -bone O -- O -marrow O -cAMP B-Chemical -content O -was O -found O -to O -be O -elevated O -by O -the O -administration O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increase O -in O -cAMP B-Chemical -content O -was O -also O -noted O -in O -bone O -- O -marrow O -of O -sublethally O -- O -irradiated O -mice O -, O -but O -no O -further O -increase O -was O -observed O -15 O -min O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -IPR O -. O - -aps B-category -IPR O -was O -also O -effective O -in O -increasing O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -content O -when O -added O -to O -suspension O -of O -bone O -- O -marrow O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -IPR O -did O -not O -increase O -cAMP B-Chemical -levels O -in O -bone O -- O -marrow O -cells O -isolated O -from O -irradiated O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -of O -134 O -anxious O -neurotic O -outpatients O -to O -lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -and O -placebo O -was O -assessed O -in O -a O -4 O -- O -week O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -Sedation O -was O -significantly O -more O -disturbing O -to O -lorazepam B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -patients O -than O -to O -diazepam B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Comparative O -aspects O -of O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -from O -mammalian O -and O -green O -plant O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chloroform B-Chemical -extract O -of O -this O -solution O -is O -passed O -through O -a O -0 O -. O -1N O -NaOH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Celite I-Chemical -column O -and O -then O -through O -a O -silica O -gel O -column O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -means O -and O -standard O -deviations O -( O -11 O -collaborators O -) O -were O -obtained O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -rescinnamine I-Chemical -group O -alkaloids O -in O -4 O -samples O -of O -Rauwolfia O -serpentina O -( O -NF O -reference O -powder O -, O -100 O -mg O -and O -50 O -mg O -commercial O -tablets O -, O -and O -a O -45 O -mg O -synthetic O -tablet O -formulation O -) O -: O -0 O -. O -174 O -% O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -0112 O -, O -0 O -. O -131 O -% O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -0047 O -, O -0 O -. O -160 O -% O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -0100 O -, O -and O -0 O -. O -153 O -% O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -0083 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -classes O -of O -colicin O -B O -- O -resistant O -mutants O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -K O -- O -12 O -were O -examined O -for O -defects O -in O -iron B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -defects O -in O -iron B-Chemical -transport O -were O -reflected O -in O -increased O -sensitivity O -to O -iron B-Chemical -chelators O -and O -to O -chromium O -and O -aluminium B-Chemical -salts O -, O -and O -in O -hypersecretion O -of O -enterochelin O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -requiring I-Chemical -step O -in O -the O -uptake O -of O -deoxyribonucleic O -acid O -molecules O -through O -the O -surface O -of O -competent O -pneumococci O -. O - -aps B-category -Virtually O -maximal O -levels O -of O -nuclease O -- O -resistant O -DNA O -binding O -and O -genetic O -transformation O -can O -be O -obtained O -in O -media O -free O -from O -magnesium B-Chemical -and O -containing O -only O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnesium B-Chemical -ions O -stimulate O -both O -the O -loss O -of O -surface O -- O -adsorbed O -DNA O -to O -the O -medium O -and O -the O -extracellular O -degradation O -of O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -nor O -NaCl B-Chemical -alone O -could O -effectively O -release O -the O -autolysin O -( O -s O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distributions O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -valinomycin O -and O -the O -pH O -gradient O -across O -the O -membrane O -were O -determined O -from O -the O -changes O -in O -pK O -and O -pH O -observed O -in O -the O -external O -medium O -during O -transition O -from O -the O -energized O -respiring O -state O -to O -the O -de O -- O -engerized O -resting O -condition O -. O - -aps B-category -Proton O -movements O -coupled O -to O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -alanine B-Chemical -transport O -in O -Escherichia O -coli O -: O -isolation O -of O -mutants O -with O -altered O -stoichiometry O -in O -alanine B-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -pH O -change O -and O -the O -non O -- O -electrogenic O -character O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -uptake O -, O -we O -concluded O -that O -the O -stoichiometry O -of O -the O -process O -was O -1 O -proton O -/ O -lactate B-Chemical -anion O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -cells O -were O -grown O -in O -the O -chemostat O -with O -alanine B-Chemical -as O -sole O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -and O -as O -limiting O -nutrient O -, O -this O -stoichiometry O -was O -found O -to O -alter O -to O -2 O -protons O -/ O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -and O -then O -to O -4 O -protons O -/ O -alanine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -L O -- O -threonine O -dehydrogenase O -was O -demonstrated O -in O -extracts O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -K O -- O -12 O -, O -and O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -the O -first O -enzyme O -of O -the O -pathway O -converting O -threonine O -to O -glycine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolic O -significance O -of O -leucine B-Chemical -as O -a O -catabolic O -signal O -for O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -degradation O -is O -considered O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -total O -protein O -and O -hydroxyproline B-Chemical -contents O -in O -MgCl2 O -extracts O -increased O -with O -increase O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -MgCl2 O -in O -the O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -dispersion O -and O -disorder O -of O -collagen O -fibrils O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -release O -of O -a O -non O -- O -collagenous O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -regulatory O -properties O -of O -three O -key O -enzymes O -in O -the O -phenylalanine O -biosynthetic O -pathway O -, O -3 O -- O -deoxy O -- O -D O -- O -arabino O -- O -heptulosonate O -7 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -DAHP O -synthetase O -) O -[ O -EC O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O -15 O -] O -, O -chorismate O -mutase O -[ O -EC O -5 O -. O -4 O -. O -99 O -. O -5 O -] O -, O -and O -prephenate O -dehydratase O -[ O -prephenate O -hydro O -- O -lyase O -( O -decarboxylating O -) O -, O -EC O -4 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -51 O -] O -were O -compared O -in O -three O -phenylalanine O -- O -excreting O -mutants O -and O -the O -wild O -strain O -of O -Brevibacterium O -flavum O -. O - -aps B-category -Chorismate O -mutase O -activities O -in O -both O -the O -wild O -and O -the O -mutant O -strains O -were O -cumulatively O -inhibited O -by O -phenylalanine O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -recovered O -with O -tryptophan B-Chemical -, O -while O -the O -specific O -activities O -of O -the O -mutants O -increased O -1 O -. O -3 O -- O -to O -2 O -. O -8 O -- O -fold O -, O -like O -those O -of O -DAHP O -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -prephenate O -dehydratase O -of O -the O -wild O -strain O -was O -inhibited O -by O -phenylalanine O -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -, O -and O -several O -phenylalanine O -analogues O -, O -the O -mutant O -enzymes O -were O -not O -inhibited O -at O -all O -but O -were O -activated O -by O -these O -effectors O -. O - -aps B-category -Km O -and O -the O -activation O -constant O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -were O -slightly O -altered O -to O -a O -half O -and O -6 O -- O -fold O -compared O -with O -the O -wild O -- O -type O -enzyme O -, O -respectively O -, O -while O -the O -activation O -constants O -for O -phenylalanine O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -were O -500 O -- O -fold O -higher O -than O -the O -respective O -inhibition O -constants O -of O -the O -wild O -- O -type O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Immediately O -after O -the O -mutant O -enzyme O -had O -been O -activated O -by O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -then O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -removed O -, O -it O -still O -showed O -about O -10 O -- O -fold O -higher O -specific O -activity O -than O -before O -the O -activation O -by O -tyrosine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -They O -had O -the O -same O -optimum O -pH O -of O -5 O -. O -5 O -, O -and O -the O -same O -Km O -value O -of O -25 O -. O -0 O -mM O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -6 O -- O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -DEAE O -peak O -II O -and O -peak O -III O -activities O -possessed O -properties O -corresponding O -to O -high O -molecular O -weight O -( O -6 O -- O -8 O -S O -) O -polymerase O -; O -they O -showed O -maximal O -activity O -at O -neutral O -pH O -, O -and O -were O -sensitive O -to O -SH O -- O -blocking O -reagents O -and O -salt B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -the O -interchain O -disulfide O -bonds O -in O -partially O -reduced O -Bence O -Jones O -proteins O -and O -immunoglobulins O -was O -studied O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -type O -kappa O -Bence O -Jones O -proteins O -, O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -no O -formation O -of O -the O -inter O -L O -- O -L O -disulfide O -bond O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -GSSG B-Chemical -at O -above O -pH O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -kinetic O -data O -for O -the O -formation O -of O -the O -interchain O -disulfide O -bonds O -of O -IgG O -with O -those O -for O -Bence O -Jones O -proteins O -suggested O -that O -H O -chain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -GSSG I-Chemical -mixed O -disulfide O -is O -a O -principal O -intermediate O -for O -the O -formation O -of O -the O -inter O -H O -- O -L O -disulfide O -bond O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -markedly O -stabilized O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -room O -temperature O -, O -no O -detectable O -destruction O -of O -the O -helical O -structure O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -observed O -after O -incubation O -for O -1 O -hr O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -1 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -, O -8 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -or O -6 O -M O -guanidine O -- O -HC1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -contained O -one O -atom O -of O -tightly O -bound O -intrinsic O -calcium B-Chemical -per O -molecule O -which O -could O -not O -be O -removed O -by O -electrodialysis O -unless O -the O -enzyme O -was O -denatured O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -caused O -a O -remarkable O -decrease O -in O -the O -activation O -entropy O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -oxygraphic O -method O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -measurement O -of O -the O -slow O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -consuming I-Chemical -reactions O -of O -hepatic O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sensitivity O -of O -this O -oxygraphic O -method O -for O -detection O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -was O -ten O -times O -greater O -than O -that O -of O -the O -usual O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -oxygraphic O -method O -for O -direct O -and O -rapid O -determination O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -was O -demonstrated O -using O -one O -- O -twentieth O -the O -amount O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -oxidase O -which O -is O -used O -for O -the O -colorimetric O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -temporary O -cessation O -of O -alpha O -- O -NADH O -- O -dependent O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -caused O -by O -ferricyanide O -and O -the O -corresponding O -oxidation O -- O -reduction O -of O -reduced O -cytochrome O -b5 O -were O -followed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -ADP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -with O -alpha O -- O -NADH O -is O -due O -to O -electron O -transfer O -from O -alpha O -- O -NADH O -via O -NADH O -- O -cytochrome O -b5 O -reductase O -and O -cytochrome O -b5 O -, O -in O -which O -the O -rate O -- O -determining O -step O -lies O -at O -some O -reaction O -after O -the O -reduction O -of O -cytochrome O -b5 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -enzyme O -resembled O -porcine O -pepsin O -in O -molecular O -weight O -( O -35 O -, O -000 O -) O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -, O -and O -inactivation O -by O -specific O -pepsin O -inactivators O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -subcellular O -localization O -and O -properties O -of O -bis O -( O -monoacylglyceryl O -) O -phosphate B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -in O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -the O -guanylate O -cyclase B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -guanosine I-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -system O -of O -rat O -renal O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -azide O -on O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -of O -homogenates O -of O -rat O -renal O -cortex O -and O -on O -the O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cGMP B-Chemical -) O -content O -of O -cortical O -slices O -were O -examined O -and O -compared O -to O -those O -of O -carbamylcholine O -and O -NaF O -. O - -aps B-category -Increases O -in O -cGMP B-Chemical -were O -maximal O -in O -response O -to O -these O -concentrations O -of O -the O -agonists O -and O -occurred O -within O -2 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Analogous O -reductions O -in O -cGMP B-Chemical -were O -observed O -in O -complete O -buffer O -containing O -1 O -mM O -tetracaine O -, O -an O -agent O -which O -blocks O -movement O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -across O -and O -binding O -to O -biologic O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -slices O -were O -incubated O -without O -Ca2 O -+ O -or O -with O -tetracaine O -for O -only O -2 O -min O -prior O -to O -addition O -of O -agonists O -, O -basal O -cGMP B-Chemical -did O -not O -decline O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -Ca2 O -+ O -increased O -the O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -6 O -- O -to O -7 O -- O -fold O -over O -basal O -under O -conditions O -of O -reduced O -Mn2 O -+ O -( O -0 O -. O -75 O -mM O -Mn2 O -+ O -/ O -1 O -mM O -GTP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -while O -carbamylcholine O -and O -NaF O -enhance O -renal O -cortical O -cGMP B-Chemical -accumulation O -through O -actions O -which O -are O -dependent O -upon O -the O -presence O -of O -extracellular O -Ca2 O -+ O -, O -NaN3 O -stimulates O -cGMP B-Chemical -generation O -in O -this O -tissue O -through O -an O -apparently O -distinct O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -independent O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -progesterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -purple O -phosphatase O -isolated O -from O -the O -uterine O -flushings O -of O -pigs O -is O -activated O -by O -a O -variety O -of O -reagents O -that O -cleave O -disulfide O -bonds O -, O -including O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -, O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -L O -- O -ascorbate O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -, O -sulfite O -, O -and O -cyanide O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -maximum O -activation O -there O -is O -a O -gradual O -decrease O -in O -enzyme O -activity O -and O -protein O -color O -which O -is O -accompanied O -by O -loss O -of O -ferrous O -iron B-Chemical -from O -the O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -ESR O -studies O -showed O -that O -the O -pink O -form O -of O -phosphatase O -contains O -approximately O -1 O -atom O -of O -high O -spin O -ferric O -iron B-Chemical -per O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -the O -iron B-Chemical -leads O -to O -complete O -loss O -of O -both O -color O -and O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Centrifugation O -of O -homogenates O -of O -bovine O -retinas O -to O -isopycnic O -equilibrium O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradients O -yielded O -three O -partially O -overlapping O -bands O -of O -particles O -which O -were O -, O -in O -the O -order O -of O -increasing O -density O -: O -( O -a O -) O -photoreceptor O -cell O -( O -rod O -) O -outer O -segments O -; O -( O -b O -) O -plasma O -membranes O -, O -lysosomes O -, O -and O -large O -fragments O -of O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -; O -and O -( O -c O -) O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -substrate O -was O -incubated O -with O -the O -enzyme O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -or O -peptide O -acceptor O -, O -the O -corresponding O -L O -- O -alpha O -- O -methyl O -- O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -derivatives O -of O -the O -acceptors O -were O -formed O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -enzyme O -was O -incubated O -with O -conventional O -substrates O -, O -such O -as O -glutathione B-Chemical -or O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -p O -- O -nitroanilide O -and O -an O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -acceptor O -, O -hydrolysis O -, O -autotranspeptidation O -, O -and O -transpeptidation O -to O -the O -acceptor O -occurred O -concurrently O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurospora O -crassa O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chromatographic O -behaviour O -of O -48 O -alkaloids O -on O -cation O -exchangers O -with O -cellulose O -, O -paraffin O -and O -polystyrene O -matrices O -in O -both O -the O -acid O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -salt B-Chemical -forms O -has O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -men O -and O -nine O -women O -were O -given O -intravenous O -injections O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -of O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -to O -assess O -its O -potential O -as O -a O -stimulus O -to O -prolactin O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prolactin O -response O -to O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -in O -men O -was O -compared O -with O -the O -response O -to O -400 O -mug O -of O -TRH O -in O -10 O -men O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -500 O -mg O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -suppressed O -the O -prolactin O -response O -to O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -in O -6 O -men O -to O -a O -mean O -response O -of O -16 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -3 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -free O -of O -side O -effects O -and O -is O -a O -useful O -alternative O -to O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -DHA O -, O -A O -, O -and O -estrone O -as O -substrates O -, O -the O -17 O -beta O -- O -HOR O -activity O -of O -the O -MP O -was O -decreased O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -NADH O -, O -in O -comparison O -with O -the O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -inefficient O -testosterone B-Chemical -production O -in O -the O -MP O -testes O -may O -be O -accounted O -for O -by O -a O -deficiency O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -17 O -beta O -- O -HOR O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Manganese O -- O -dependent O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidation O -by O -granulocyte O -particles O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -work O -has O -indicated O -that O -superoxide B-Chemical -is O -involved O -in O -the O -manganese O -- O -stimulated O -oxidation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -by O -crude O -granule O -preparations O -of O -guinea O -pig O -neutrophils O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -respect O -to O -pH O -dependence O -, O -cyanide O -sensitivity O -, O -and O -reduced O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -specificity O -, O -the O -properties O -of O -the O -two O -systems O -are O -very O -similar O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -similarities O -between O -the O -properties O -of O -the O -model O -and O -neutrophil O -particle O -systems O -, O -we O -postulate O -that O -the O -manganese O -- O -dependent O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidation O -observed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -neutrophil O -granules O -represents O -in O -large O -part O -of O -nonenzymatic O -free O -radical O -chain O -involving O -the O -oxidation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -to O -NADP O -, O -with O -O2 O -- O -as O -both O -the O -chain O -initiator O -and O -one O -of O -the O -propagating O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -mucociliary O -clearance O -and O -of O -intrapulmonary O -bacterial O -killing O -( O -Kk O -+ O -Kmc O -) O -was O -calculated O -from O -the O -change O -in O -bacterial O -counts O -with O -time O -in O -animals O -that O -had O -received O -tetracycline B-Chemical -to O -inhibit O -bacterial O -multiplication O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -blocking O -agents O -combined O -with O -a O -diuretic B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -essential O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -a O -control O -period O -two O -to O -three O -weeks O -' O -duration O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -was O -started O -in O -nine O -patients O -as O -the O -sole O -antihypertensive O -agent O -and O -together O -with O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -in O -eight O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -propranolol B-Chemical -was O -given O -alone O -in O -nine O -patients O -, O -for O -four O -to O -12 O -weeks O -, O -normal O -blood O -pressure O -was O -not O -attained O -in O -any O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -diuretic B-Chemical -in O -all O -of O -the O -above O -17 O -patients O -, O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -50 O -- O -100 O -mg O -per O -day O -with O -a O -concomitant O -decrease O -in O -the O -dose O -of O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -produced O -a O -further O -reduction O -in O -blood O -pressure O -, O -and O -normal O -or O -near O -- O -normal O -blood O -pressure O -was O -attained O -in O -all O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -function O -of O -the O -enzyme O -in O -the O -gland O -is O -apparently O -to O -assist O -in O -the O -transfer O -of O -blood O -lipoprotein O -triacylglycerol B-Chemical -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -into O -milk O -triacylglycerols O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -activated O -by O -apolipoprotein O -C O -- O -II O -( O -apolipoprotein B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -) O -, O -serum O -, O -and O -by O -heparin B-Chemical -to O -which O -it O -also O -binds O -. O - -aps B-category -Diet O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -pH O -versus O -mineral O -balance O -in O -Holstein O -cows O -84 O -days O -pre O -- O -to O -2 O -days O -postpartum O -. O - -aps B-category -Voluntary O -dry O -matter O -ingestion O -tended O -to O -be O -higher O -with O -higher O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -acidity O -( O -lower O -pH O -) O -diets O -. O - -aps B-category -More O -total O -calcium B-Chemical -was O -apparently O -absorbed O -( O -26 O -and O -7 O -g O -) O -when O -the O -diet O -contained O -2 O -. O -1 O -% O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -but O -the O -. O -2 O -% O -calcium B-Chemical -diet O -resulted O -in O -a O -higher O -apparent O -percent O -absorption O -( O -25 O -and O -17 O -% O -) O -during O -the O -dry O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnesium B-Chemical -and O -phosphorus B-Chemical -utilizations O -were O -improved O -with O -lower O -diet O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -better O -calcium B-Chemical -nutriture O -was O -provided O -by O -the O -higher O -calcium B-Chemical -diets O -when O -the O -diets O -maintained O -a O -positive O -balance O -for O -magnesium B-Chemical -and O -phosphorus B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -measurements O -made O -on O -pre O -- O -and O -post O -- O -challenge O -samples O -yielded O -early O -, O -late O -, O -and O -continuous O -response O -patterns O -, O -reminiscent O -of O -those O -obtained O -in O -humans O -following O -provocation O -testing O -. O - -aps B-category -Unimmunized O -animals O -pretreated O -with O -cobra O -venom O -factor O -in O -a O -manner O -known O -to O -achieve O -complement O -depletion O -failed O -to O -respond O -with O -altered O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tensions O -following O -similar O -aerosol O -challenge O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -detectable O -histamine B-Chemical -biological O -activity O -in O -the O -supernatant O -from O -peritoneal O -washings O -obtained O -after O -10 O -min O -, O -60 O -min O -, O -and O -24 O -hr O -from O -control O -and O -pertussis O -- O -treated O -rats O -, O -indicating O -that O -pertussis O -did O -not O -cause O -degranulation O -of O -mast O -cells O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rats O -and O -mice O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -other O -beta O -adrenergic O -- O -blocking O -agents O -caused O -degranulation O -of O -mast O -cells O -in O -the O -peritoneal O -washings O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -protected O -the O -mast O -cell O -against O -the O -degranulation O -induced O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Mast O -cells O -from O -control O -and O -pertussis O -- O -injected O -rats O -were O -equally O -sensitive O -to O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Piperacetazine O -versus O -thioridazine B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -organic O -brain O -disease O -: O -a O -controlled O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Piperacetazine O -proved O -to O -be O -at O -least O -as O -effective O -as O -thioridazine B-Chemical -and O -seemed O -to O -be O -more O -effective O -against O -certain O -target O -symptoms O -; O -side O -effects O -were O -less O -common O -and O -less O -severe O -. O - -aps B-category -lipopytica O -toward O -hydrophobic O -residues O -coupled O -to O -spacer O -gels O -that O -were O -prepared O -by O -coupling O -a O -primary O -amine B-Chemical -to O -CNBr O -- O -activated O -agarose O -, O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Elimination O -diets O -are O -of O -diagnostic O -as O -well O -as O -therapeutic O -value O -: O -pencillin O -- O -free O -, O -yeast O -- O -free O -, O -and O -salicylate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -diets O -are O -particularly O -useful O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -amiloride B-Chemical -and O -some O -of O -its O -analogues O -of O -cation O -transport O -in O -isolated O -frog O -skin O -and O -thin O -lipid O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -conclusions O -of O -our O -study O -are O -: O -( O -a O -) O -The O -charged O -form O -of O -amiloride B-Chemical -is O -the O -biologically O -active O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -c O -) O -Amiloride B-Chemical -is O -very O -specific O -in O -its O -inhibitory O -interaction O -with O -the O -Na O -+ O -transport O -site O -since O -slight O -structural O -modifications O -can O -result O -in O -significant O -changes O -in O -drug O -effectiveness O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -d O -) O -Amiloride B-Chemical -can O -bind O -to O -and O -alter O -the O -charge O -on O -membrane O -surfaces O -, O -but O -this O -action O -cannot O -explain O -its O -highly O -specific O -effects O -in O -biological O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -was O -grown O -in O -continuous O -culture O -under O -steady O -- O -state O -conditions O -in O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -, O -succinate O -- O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -or O -ammonium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -media O -. O - -aps B-category -Organisms O -grown O -at O -a O -given O -D O -in O -any O -of O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -media O -possessed O -very O -similar O -levels O -of O -NAD O -( O -H O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -D O -had O -no O -influence O -on O -the O -NAD O -( O -H O -) O -content O -of O -cells O -grown O -under O -ammonium B-Chemical -limitation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -medium O -, O -bacteria O -possessed O -0 O -. O -14 O -mumol O -NADH O -/ O -g O -dry O -wt O -; O -very O -similar O -levels O -were O -found O -in O -organisms O -grown O -in O -the O -other O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -NADPH B-Chemical -: O -NADP O -( O -H O -) O -ratio O -was O -much O -higher O -than O -the O -NADH O -: O -NAD O -( O -H O -) O -ratio O -, O -averaging O -55 O -% O -in O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Differences O -between O -the O -anorexic O -actions O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -and O -fenfluramine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -possible I-Chemical -effects O -on O -hunger O -and O -satiety O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -rats O -tested O -under O -conditions O -of O -food O -deprivation O -the O -two O -drugs O -gave O -rise O -to O -distinctive O -anorexic O -profiles O -: O -amphetamine B-Chemical -delayed O -the O -onset O -of O -eating O -whereas O -fenfluramine B-Chemical -allowed O -eating O -to O -commence O -normally O -but O -brought O -about O -an O -early O -termination O -of O -the O -initial O -bout O -of O -feeding O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -contrasting O -modes O -of O -action O -of O -these O -drugs O -represent O -an O -effect O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -upon O -hunger O -and O -an O -action O -of O -fenfluramine B-Chemical -on O -satiety O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha O -- O -methyl O -derivatives O -of O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -as O -inhibitors O -of O -monoamin O -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -mianserin B-Chemical -, O -a O -tetracyclic O -antidepressant B-Chemical -, O -on O -uptake O -and O -release O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -3H O -- O -NA O -) O -, O -[ O -3H O -] O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -3H O -- O -DA O -) O -, O -[ O -3H O -] O -- B-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -butyric I-Chemical -acid O -( O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -GABA I-Chemical -) O -in O -synaptosomes O -from O -different O -areas O -of O -the O -rat O -brain O -were O -investigated O -in O -a O -comparative O -study O -with O -the O -tricyclic O -antidepressant B-Chemical -imipramine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -behaviour O -was O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -Amphetamine I-Chemical -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -strongly O -affected O -both O -3H O -- O -DA O -uptake O -and O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -mianserin B-Chemical -stimulated O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -release O -whereas O -imipramine B-Chemical -was O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -Imipramine B-Chemical -was O -a O -modest O -inhibitor O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -GABA I-Chemical -accumulation O -by O -whole O -brain O -synaptosomes O -; O -mianserin B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -mianserin B-Chemical -interferes O -in O -a O -way O -different O -from O -that O -to O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -with O -the O -neurotransmitter O -transport O -mechanisms O -at O -the O -presynaptic O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -contractile O -response O -could O -be O -totally O -abolished O -by O -phenoxybenzamine O -but O -was O -not O -influenced O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -preparation O -has O -almost O -exclusively O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -functional O -state O -of O -the O -latter O -has O -not O -been O -conclusively O -established O -, O -since O -tyramine O -, O -an O -indirectly O -acting O -amine B-Chemical -, O -was O -unable O -to O -elicit O -a O -response O -qualitatively O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -even O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -nialamide O -or O -tranylcypromine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -situ O -absorption O -from O -the O -rat O -small O -intestine O -of O -the O -weakly O -acidic O -drug O -, O -warfarin B-Chemical -( O -pKa O -5 O -- O -05 O -) O -, O -at O -200 O -mug O -ml O -- O -1 O -in O -the O -instilled O -fluid O -with O -initial O -pH O -levels O -of O -3 O -, O -5 O -, O -7 O -or O -8 O -has O -been O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -initial O -pH O -of O -3 O -and O -by O -solubilization O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -with O -propylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -, O -the O -rate O -of O -absorption O -was O -similar O -to O -that O -from O -a O -fluid O -of O -pH O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purgative O -activities O -of O -18 O -different O -dihydroxyanthracene O -derivatives O -, O -including O -free O -anthraquinones B-Chemical -and O -anthrones O -, O -were O -investigated O -by O -determining O -their O -influence O -on O -the O -water O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -absorption O -in O -the O -gastrointestinal O -tract O -by O -direct O -injection O -of O -the O -solutions O -in O -Tyrode O -to O -the O -rat O -colon O -in O -situ O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -dual O -action O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -on O -the O -ovarian O -suspensory O -ligament O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relaxatory O -effect O -was O -not O -antagonized O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -or O -tetrodotoxin O -but O -treatment O -of O -the O -ligament O -with O -indomethacin B-Chemical -abolished O -this O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Thin O -layer O -chromatographic O -separation O -indicates O -that O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -causes O -the O -release O -of O -a O -PGE2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -substance O -which O -relaxes O -the O -ovarian O -suspensory O -ligament O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -in O -substantia O -nigra O -and O -cortex O -after O -gamma O -- O -butyrolactone O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -flurbiprofen B-Chemical -on O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -human O -rheumatoid O -synovium O -and O -enzymatically O -active O -animal O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Interpretation O -of O -regional O -changes O -in O -brain O -dopamine B-Chemical -after O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -, O -pentazocine B-Chemical -administered O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -anesthetized O -rats O -, O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pentazocine I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -3 O -- O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Contraction O -of O -the O -aorta O -by O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pentazocine I-Chemical -was O -not O -inhibited O -by O -dibenamine O -, O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -, O -pyrilamine O -or O -indomethacin B-Chemical -nor O -potentiated O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Naloxone B-Chemical -( O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -to O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -which O -produced O -no O -contractile O -effect O -by O -itself O -, O -reduced O -aortic O -contraction O -of O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pentazocine I-Chemical -to O -the O -greatest O -extent O -, O -that O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -moderately O -and O -that O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -only O -slightly O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -proposed O -that O -a O -direct O -, O -stereoselective O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -dependent O -vascular O -action O -of O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pentazocine I-Chemical -contributes O -to O -its O -ability O -to O -raise O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -release O -from O -the O -rat O -submaxillary O -gland O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Slices O -of O -submaxillary O -gland O -were O -incubated O -in O -vitro O -in O -an O -enriched O -Krebs B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Ringer I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -medium O -gassed O -with O -95 O -% O -O2 O -- O -5 O -% O -CO2 O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -and O -the O -release O -of O -K O -+ O -into O -the O -medium O -was O -monitored O -after O -stimulation O -with O -alpha O -and O -beta O -adrenergic O -secretagogues O -under O -a O -variety O -of O -experimental O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extent O -of O -K O -+ O -release O -after O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -depends O -on O -the O -dose O -of O -secretagogue O -and O -is O -higher O -when O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -adenine O -and O -inosine O -, O -or O -all O -three O -substrates O -are O -absent O -from O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Phentolamine B-Chemical -also O -causes O -a O -9 O -. O -4 O -- O -fold O -shift O -to O -the O -right O -in O -the O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -fails O -to O -occur O -when O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -is O -absent O -from O -the O -medium O -, O -either O -by O -chelation O -with O -ethylene O -glycol O -bis O -( O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethyl I-Chemical -ether B-Chemical -) O -- O -N O -, O -N O -' O -- O -tetraacetic O -acid O -or O -by O -elimination O -from O -the O -Krebs O -- O -Ringer O -solution O -, O -and O -shows O -gradations O -depending O -on O -the O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -content O -of O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -uptake O -and O -binding O -of O -disodium O -cromoglycate O -and O -phenol B-Chemical -red O -in O -rat O -lung O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -either O -phenol B-Chemical -red O -( O -1 O -mM O -) O -or O -the O -metabolic O -inhibitors O -, O -iodoacetic O -acid O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -and O -dinitrophenol O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -3H O -- O -DSCG O -uptake O -was O -significantly O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -it O -appears O -that O -, O -in O -rat O -lung O -, O -DSCG O -and O -phenol B-Chemical -red O -share O -a O -common O -binding O -site O -( O -s O -) O -for O -uptake O -, O -possible O -on O -the O -transport O -" O -carrier O -. O -" O - -aps B-category -To O -evaluate O -the O -effects O -of O -reflex O -renal O -sympathetic O -nerve O -stimulation O -on O -renal O -tubular O -sodium B-Chemical -handling O -, O -clearance O -studies O -were O -performed O -in O -anesthetized O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -alpha O -adrenergic O -receptor O -blockade O -( O -phenoxybenzamine O -) O -or O -adrenergic O -blockade O -( O -guanethidine B-Chemical -) O -completely O -reversed O -the O -fall O -in O -urinary O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -; O -this O -could O -not O -be O -attributed O -to O -alterations O -in O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -or O -renal O -blood O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -changes O -in O -ion O -transport O -in O -short O -- O -circuited O -frog O -skin O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -beta O -- O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -net O -effluxes O -of O -Cl O -produced O -by O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -1 O -- O -6 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -( O -8 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -) O -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -( O -6 O -and O -15 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -) O -were O -of O -similar O -magnitude O -for O -each O -catecholamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -( O -4 O -- O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -to O -skins O -stimulated O -by O -catecholamine B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -the O -disappearance O -of O -the O -net O -Cl O -movement O -and O -fall O -in O -skin O -conductance O -and O -Isc O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -changes O -in O -Na O -influx O -were O -strongly O -associated O -with O -the O -changes O -in O -Isc O -following O -catecholamine B-Chemical -addition O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tissue O -exchange O -of O -Cl O -from O -the O -outside O -bathing O -medium O -after O -4 O -hr O -was O -greater O -in O -catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -skins O -than O -in O -those O -in O -which O -the O -response O -had O -been O -blocked O -by O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneous O -measurement O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -production O -, O -transmural O -potential O -difference O -and O -intermittent O -short O -- O -circuit O -current O -( O -SCC O -) O -was O -made O -in O -the O -rat O -proximal O -jejunum O -in O -vitro O -: O -similarly O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -ion O -movements O -were O -measured O -to O -investigate O -the O -relationship O -of O -acidification O -to O -electrogenic O -events O -and O -associated O -ion O -movements O -in O -the O -jejunum O -. O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -inhibitors O -had O -effects O -on O -net O -potassium B-Chemical -movement O -but O -not O -on O -net O -sodium B-Chemical -movement O -. O - -aps B-category -aminophylline B-Chemical -can O -reduce O -both O -short O -- O -circuit O -current O -and O -acidification O -without O -perceptibly O -altering O -the O -serosally O -directed O -sodium B-Chemical -flux O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -low O -sodium B-Chemical -buffers O -however O -the O -inhibitors O -have O -opposing O -effects O -, O -ouabain B-Chemical -causing O -an O -increase O -and O -aminophylline B-Chemical -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -reversed O -potential O -differences O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -- O -minute O -topical O -applications O -with O -four O -different O -fluoride B-Chemical -compounds O -, O -acidulated O -phosphate B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -monofluorophosphate O -and O -stannous O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -were O -evaluated O -for O -ability O -to O -reduce O -the O -acide O -solubility O -of O -human O -root O -surfaces O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -monofluorophosphate O -solutions O -reduced O -root O -surface O -solubility O -by O -approximately O -30 O -percent O -while O -acidulated O -phosphate B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -and O -stannous O -fluoride B-Chemical -were O -more O -than O -2 O -. O -5 O -times O -more O -effective O -, O -the O -solubility O -reduction O -exceeding O -80 O -percent O -. O - -aps B-category -Compounds O -17a O -- O -f O -are O -as O -potent O -as O -morphine B-Chemical -as O -analgesics O -( O -mice O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Agonist O -activities O -are O -reported O -for O -stimulation O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -( O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileum O -) O -and O -H2 O -( O -rat O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -) O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -membrane O -is O -bathed O -on O -each O -surface O -by O -NaCl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Ringer I-Chemical -' O -s O -solution O -, O -its O -electrical O -resistance O -is O -14 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -3 O -omega O -cm2 O -( O -n O -= O -10 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Above O -the O -isoelectric O -pH O -the O -potassium B-Chemical -transport O -number O -is O -higher O -than O -the O -chloride B-Chemical -transport O -number O -; O -below O -it O -, O -the O -reverse O -situation O -is O -valid O -. O - -aps B-category -Dimethylsulfoxide O -( O -DMSO B-Chemical -) O -and O -glycerol O -, O -which O -markedly O -and O -reversibly O -reduced O -the O -intramembrane O -particle O -density O -, O -were O -shown O -to O -drastically O -and O -reversibly O -inhibit O -chloride B-Chemical -self O -- O -exchange O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -activities O -associated O -with O -an O -invertebrate O -iridovirus O -: O -nucleotide B-Chemical -phosphohydrolase O -activity O -associated O -with O -iridescent O -virus O -type O -6 O -( O -CIV O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -activity O -hydrolyzes O -all O -the O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphates O -, O -but O -has O -a O -high O -preference O -for O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -Conditions O -for O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphate O -phosphohydrolase O -activity O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemodynamic O -effects O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -with O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -bufetolol O -hydrochloride O -in O -essential O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -30 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -( O -av O -. O - -aps B-category -Responders O -to O -the O -antihypertensive O -actions O -of O -short O -- O -term O -( O -5 O -weeks O -) O -pindolol B-Chemical -or O -bufetolol O -showed O -a O -reduction O -in O -total O -peripheral O -resistance O -( O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -from O -av O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -. O -03 O -to O -2 O -. O -99 O -L O -/ O -min O -/ O -m2 O -; O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -from O -av O -. O - -aps B-category -Circulation O -time O -was O -determined O -in O -9 O -patients O -with O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -therapy O -and O -8 O -with O -pindolol B-Chemical -therapy O -by O -the O -measurement O -of O -the O -arrival O -time O -in O -the O -cerebral O -hemisphere O -of O -the O -intravenously O -injected O -radioisotope O -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -. O -6 O -to O -9 O -. O -2 O -sec O -, O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -while O -no O -prolongation O -was O -observed O -in O -pindolol B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -structure O -activity O -relationships O -of O -BZA O -- O -derivatives O -were O -almost O -similar O -to O -, O -but O -partly O -different O -from O -those O -of O -tetrahydroisoquinoline O -- O -and O -catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -derivatives I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -For O -this O -purpose O -dose O -- O -response O -relations O -of O -seven O -sympathomimetic O -amines B-Chemical -were O -compared O -under O -the O -influence O -of O -alpha O -- O -and O -/ O -or O -beta O -- O -adrenolytic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -both O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agents O -the O -entire O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -for O -sympathomimetic O -amines B-Chemical -were O -shifted O -in O -a O -parallel O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -was O -not O -affected O -either O -by O -phentolamine B-Chemical -or O -by O -prindolol O -, O -but O -was O -antagonized O -by O -the O -simultaneous O -application O -of O -both O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Desensitization O -of O -guinea O -pig O -tracheal O -muscle O -preparation O -to O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -stimulants O -by O -a O -preceding O -exposure O -to O -a O -high O -dose O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -a O -high O -concentration O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -, O -200 O -times O -the O -ED50 O -, O -was O -once O -applied O -, O -subsequent O -responses O -to O -beta O -- O -stimulants O -( O -ED80 O -) O -was O -reduced O -by O -about O -30 O -- O -40 O -% O -, O -in O -spite O -of O -repeated O -washings O -. O - -aps B-category -Epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -could O -cause O -densensitization O -to O -isoprophenamine O -, O -a O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -catechol I-Chemical -beta O -- O -stimulant O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -densensitization O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -normetanephrine B-Chemical -nor O -by O -Ca2 O -+ O -deprivation O -from O -the O -bathing O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Besides O -two O -variants O -of O -the O -hypertension O -course O -( O -controlled O -and O -noncontrolled O -) O -, O -a O -third O -type O -has O -been O -revealed O -- O -- O -hypertension O -difficult O -to O -control O -, O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -which O -, O -as O -well O -as O -in O -the O -noncontrolled O -variant O -, O -an O -important O -role O -is O -played O -by O -the O -activization O -of O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Vasopressin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -movement O -of O -drugs O -and O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -across O -the O -toad O -urinary O -bladder O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -vasopressin B-Chemical -on O -the O -permeability O -of O -a O -series O -of O -lipophilic O -compounds O -, O -including O -many O -commonly O -used O -drugs O -, O -has O -been O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -that O -these O -compounds O -move O -directly O -through O -the O -lipid O -phase O -of O -the O -membrane O -was O -provided O -in O -studies O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -permeability O -at O -low O -and O -high O -luminal B-Chemical -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Isohydric O -regulation O -of O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -by O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -study O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -' O -s O -effect O -onplasma O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -blood O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -in O -normal O -, O -hypokalemic O -or O -hyperkalemic O -rats O -was O -either O -maintained O -constant O -, O -lowered O -by O -hydrochloric O -acid O -or O -raised O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -administraion O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -eliminate O -urinary O -potassium B-Chemical -losses O -, O -experiments O -were O -also O -performed O -in O -rats O -with O -bilateral O -ureteral O -ligation O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -in O -hypokalemia O -, O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -rose O -1 O -. O -2 O -and O -0 O -. O -4mEq O -in O -the O -lowered O -and O -unchanged O -groups O -, O -but O -fell O -0 O -. O -2mEq O -/ O -liter O -in O -the O -elevated O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -hyperkalemia O -, O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -remained O -elevated O -for O -150 O -min O -in O -the O -lowered O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -group O -but O -fell O -1 O -. O -3 O -and O -2 O -. O -0mEq O -in O -the O -unchanged O -and O -elevated O -groups O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -show O -that O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -independent O -of O -blood O -pH O -, O -alters O -transcellular O -potassium B-Chemical -distribution O -suggesting O -the O -usefulness O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -hyperkalemia O -even O -at O -a O -compensated O -blood O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -clarify O -the O -means O -by O -which O -lithium B-Chemical -induced O -a O -disorder O -of O -urine O -acidification O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -( O -4 O -mEq O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -) O -caused O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -urine O -pH O -( O -6 O -. O -38 O -) O -and O -a O -further O -decrease O -in O -blood O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -( O -11 O -. O -0 O -mEq O -/ O -liter O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -administration O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combination O -of O -an O -increase O -in O -urine O -PCO2 O -in O -alkaline O -urine O -indicates O -that O -lithium B-Chemical -produced O -a O -defect O -in O -distal O -nephron O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Structural O -correlation O -between O -apomorphine B-Chemical -and O -LSD O -: O -involvement O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -serotonin B-Chemical -in O -the O -actions O -of O -hallucinogens O -. O - -aps B-category -Helix O -- O -coil O -transition O -of O -poly O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -) O -in O -aqueous O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extensional O -growth O -rate O -of O -wild O -- O -type O -74A8 O -N O -. O -crassa O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -various O -concentrations O -of O -19 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analogs O -was O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Culture O -with O -either O -4 O -- O -fluorophenylalanine O -or O -ethionine O -led O -to O -an O -increase O -of O -the O -activities O -of O -antioxygenic O -enzymes O -glutathione B-Chemical -peroxidase O -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -and O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -effect O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -antacids O -on O -actual O -stomach O -acidity O -and O -gastrin O -secretion O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -silver B-Chemical -ions O -by O -the O -cells O -of O -Candida O -utilis O -involves O -their O -adsorption O -on O -the O -cell O -surface O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sensitivity O -of O -protoplasts O -to O -the O -toxic O -action O -of O -silver B-Chemical -ions O -is O -much O -higher O -than O -that O -of O -intact O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Detection O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylases O -in O -bacteria O -of O -the O -genus O -Erwinia O -by O -a O -pH O -- O -sensitive O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -fluorescence O -of O -pepsin O -conjugates O -with O -DNS B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -prevent O -repolymerization O -of O -fibrin O -monomer O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -, O -urea B-Chemical -was O -added O -in O -a O -non O -- O -denaturing O -concentration O -of O -1 O -. O -7 O -M O -. O -In O -the O -acid O -region O -specified O -, O -the O -immediate O -environment O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -was O -found O -to O -be O -more O -polar O -and O -the O -accessibility O -to O -perturbants O -higher O -than O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Circular O -dichroism O -spectra O -of O -11 O -analogues O -of O -the O -dinucleoside O -phosphate B-Chemical -containing O -achiral O -3 O -' O -- O -terminal O -monomers O -have O -been O -measured O -at O -several O -pH O -values O -, O -various O -temperatures O -and O -various O -concentrations O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -compounds O -could O -be O -grouped O -into O -four O -classes O -according O -to O -their O -toxicity O -and O -mutagenicity O -after O -1 O -h O -incubation O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -5 O -mM O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -liver O -supernatant O -fractions O -from O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pretreated I-Chemical -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -toxicity O -of O -triazenes O -with O -X O -= O -4 O -- O -methoxy O -or O -4 O -- O -acetamido O -was O -strongly O -decreased O -by O -a O -liver O -fraction O -from O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pretreated I-Chemical -mice O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -generating I-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Retention O -of O -apple O -starch O -in O -production O -of O -pectin O -by O -the O -aluminum B-Chemical -pectinate O -procedure O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absorption O -maxima O -of O -the O -amylose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iodine I-Chemical -complexes O -range O -in O -general O -from O -550 O -to O -570 O -nm O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanisms O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -induction O -in O -organ O -cultures O -of O -rat O -sympathetic O -ganglia O -by O -potassium B-Chemical -depolarization O -and O -cholinomimetics O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -high O -( O -54 O -mM O -) O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -on O -intact O -ganglia O -seems O -to O -result O -in O -a O -dual O -action O -: O -a O -) O -a O -specific O -induction O -of O -TH O -and O -DBH O -via O -release O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -from O -preganglionic O -cholinergic O -nerve O -terminals O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbamylcholine O -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -nicotine B-Chemical -at O -concentrations O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -elicited O -a O -selective O -induction O -of O -TH O -and O -DBH O -both O -in O -intact O -and O -decentralized O -ganglia O -via O -nicotinic O -receptor O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -" O -cis O -" O -isomer O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -, O -HF O -- O -2046 O -, O -was O -the O -most O -potent O -in O -this O -respect O -and O -perlapine O -, O -which O -is O -devoid O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -activity O -, O -was O -the O -weakest O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anti O -- O -dopaminergic O -/ O -anti O -- O -muscarinic O -ratio O -, O -however O -, O -correlates O -well O -with O -extrapyramidal O -rather O -than O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -of O -rats O -with O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -mumol O -/ O -kg O -, O -a O -dose O -which O -blocks O -the O -release O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -from O -the O -pituitary O -gland O -) O -abolished O -the O -reserpine B-Chemical -mediated O -increase O -in O -cAMP B-Chemical -and O -the O -increase O -in O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -/ O -cGMP B-Chemical -ratio O -in O -the O -adrenal O -medulla O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypophysectomy O -had O -a O -similar O -effect O -to O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Leukocyte O -function O -and O -characterization O -of O -leukocyte O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -Sicilian O -mutants O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Michaelis O -constant O -for O -NADP O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -G6P O -) O -was O -lower O -than O -the O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -urea B-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -, O -urine O -osmolarity O -, O -total O -serum O -protein O -, O -serum O -albumin O -, O -and O -serum O -globulin O -varied O -directly O -with O -the O -quantity O -of O -protein O -in O -the O -diet O -: O -F2 O -, O -F4 O -greater O -than O -F1 O -, O -F3 O -greater O -than O -BM O -. O - -aps B-category -New O -fluorescent O -cytidine O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -salicylate I-Chemical -, O -and O -pyrazolones B-Chemical -on O -the O -reaction O -of O -respiratory O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -of O -preparation O -and O -the O -spectral O -characteristic O -of O -the O -crystalline O -free O -radical O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrolysis O -and O -autoxidation O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -and O -aminophenazone O -in O -binary O -kinetic O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Whilst O -improvements O -in O -medical O -management O -have O -been O -few O -in O -the O -past O -decade O -there O -have O -been O -advances O -in O -dietary O -management O -and O -in O -the O -use O -of O -new O -drugs O -such O -as O -azathioprine B-Chemical -and O -disodium O -cromoglycate O -which O -are O -currently O -being O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -the O -pure O -antigen O -indicated O -the O -antigen O -is O -an O -acidic O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Gently O -lysed O -E O -. O -coli O -tsnC O -7004 O -cell O -extracts O -reduced O -CDP O -when O -supplemented O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -as O -efficiently O -as O -the O -parent O -strain O -E O -. O -coli O -B O -/ O -1 O -despite O -the O -lack O -of O -thioredoxin O -, O -indicating O -the O -presence O -of O -another O -hydrogen B-Chemical -transport O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -yeast O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -[ O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -: O -oxidized B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -6 O -. O -4 O -. O -2 O -] O -to O -the O -heated O -extracts O -restored O -full O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -glutathione B-Chemical -at O -physiological O -concentrations O -functions O -as O -hydrogen B-Chemical -donor O -for O -ribonucleotide O -reduction O -only O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -glutaredoxin O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -demonstrate O -the O -existence O -of O -two O -different O -electron O -transfer O -systems O -from O -NADPH B-Chemical -to O -deoxyribonucleotides O -and O -provide O -a O -function O -for O -glutathione B-Chemical -in O -DNA O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -gamma O -- O -Glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -, O -an O -enzyme O -that O -catalyzes O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transfer O -from O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -compounds O -to O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -peptide O -acceptors O -, O -and O -which O -is O -known O -to O -be O -localized O -in O -the O -membranes O -of O -many O -epithelial O -cells O -, O -was O -found O -in O -a O -variety O -of O -lymphoid O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -induction O -were O -measured O -in O -mice O -after O -repeated O -or O -prolonged O -stressing O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Lithium B-Chemical -tremor O -- O -combination O -treatment O -with O -beta O -receptor O -blockaders O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -, O -piritramide O -, O -and O -morphine B-Chemical -on O -medial O -forebrain O -bundle O -stimulation O -with O -monopolar O -electrodes O -. O - -aps B-category -Fentanyl B-Chemical -was O -more O -potent O -than O -piritramide O -and O -than O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -WDS O -was O -produced O -by O -: O -narcotic O -analgesics O -, O -narcotic O -antagonists O -, O -psychosedativ O -drugs O -, O -yohimbine B-Chemical -, O -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -, O -cocaine B-Chemical -, O -apomorphine B-Chemical -and O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Conditioned O -taste O -aversion O -for O -a O -5 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -solution O -( O -sugar O -water O -) O -was O -induced O -in O -rats O -by O -an O -i O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ACTH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -analogues I-Chemical -, O -ACTH B-Chemical -4 O -- O -10 O -and O -ACTH B-Chemical -4 O -- O -10 O -7d O -Phe O -, O -and O -alpha O -- O -MSH O -delayed O -extinction O -in O -the O -preference O -test O -but O -not O -extinction O -in O -the O -forced O -- O -drinking O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -pharmacological O -modifications O -of O -the O -functional O -activity O -of O -the O -central O -histaminergic O -system O -was O -studied O -on O -the O -susceptibility O -of O -mice O -to O -pentylenetetrazol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -minimal O -( O -clonic O -) O -and O -maximal O -( O -tonic O -) O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -reduction O -in O -histaminergic O -function O -was O -found O -to O -alter O -seizure O -susceptibility O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Factors O -changing O -renal O -ellimination O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -excretion O -of O -phylloerythrin O -and O -bilirubin B-Chemical -by O -calves O -and O -sheep O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -animals O -became O -jaundiced O -and O -the O -increased O -concentration O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -in O -serum O -and O -urine O -was O -mainly O -direct O -reacting O -, O -ie O -, O -conjugated O -with O -glucuronic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Our O -experience O -with O -the O -use O -of O -the O -double B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -contrast I-Chemical -radiological O -method O -in O -the O -diagnosis O -of O -difficult O -cases O -of O -diseases O -of O -the O -esophago O -- O -cardial O -tuberosity O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -insulin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -potassium I-Chemical -solutions O -on O -the O -development O -and O -prognosis O -of O -acute O -transmural O -myocardial O -infarct O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Formaldehyde O -, O -low O -pH O -, O -and O -high O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -affected O -receptor O -activity O -to O -various O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -3 O -- O -monooxygenase O -in O -adrenal O -medulla O -: O -role O -of O -protein O -kinase O -activation O -and O -translocation O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -independent I-Chemical -modulation O -of O -cyclic O -GMP O -and O -activation O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -by O -nitrosamines O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -agents O -are O -effective O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -extracellular O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -enhance O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -in O -tissue O -homogenates O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylhydrazine O -, O -a O -metabolite O -of O -isoniazid B-Chemical -, O -a O -widely O -used O -antituberculosis O -drug O -, O -and O -isopropylhydrazine O -, O -a O -metabolite O -of O -iproniazid O -, O -an O -antidepressant B-Chemical -removed O -from O -clinical O -use O -because O -of O -high O -incidence O -of O -liver O -injury O -, O -were O -oxidized O -by O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -enzymes O -in O -human O -and O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -to O -highly O -reactive O -acylating O -and O -alkylating B-Chemical -agents I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduction O -in O -transmitter O -release O -resulting O -from O -repetitive O -postsynaptic O -impulses O -is O -attributed O -to O -the O -accumulation O -of O -extracellular O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Part O -7 O -: O -In O -vitro O -effects O -of O -alpha O -adrenergic O -agents O -on O -canine O -arteries O -from O -six O -anatomical O -sites O -and O -six O -blocking O -agents O -on O -serotonin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contractions O -of O -the O -canine O -basilar O -artery O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -blocking O -agents O -including O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -were O -tested O -to O -determine O -their O -effect O -on O -the O -response O -of O -the O -canine O -basilar O -artery O -to O -log O -- O -dose O -additions O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F2alpha O -and O -KC1 O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -isolated O -blood O -perfused O -kidney O -preparation O -was O -used O -to O -study O -the O -influence O -of O -intrarenal O -adrenergic O -receptors O -on O -renal O -hemodynamics O -, O -renal O -function O -, O -and O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -changes O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -after O -beta O -blockade O -were O -not O -felt O -to O -be O -due O -to O -a O -direct O -tubular O -effect O -but O -rather O -were O -secondary O -to O -preferential O -perfusion O -of O -nephrons O -in O -the O -juxtamedullary O -cortex O -, O -which O -is O -known O -to O -have O -higher O -sodium B-Chemical -reabsorptive O -capacity O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Clinical O -pharmacology O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenolytic O -activity O -of O -pindolol B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -Chrysaora O -quinquecirrha O -( O -sea O -nettle O -) O -toxin O -in O -inhibiting O -the O -intestinal O -transport O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -the O -golden O -hamster O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -and O -scission O -of O -different O -types O -of O -covalent O -bonds O -during O -affinity O -labeling O -and O -reactivation O -attempts O -accounts O -for O -the O -different O -result O -obtained O -with O -each O -steroid B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Proliferative O -cells O -as O -determined O -by O -the O -spleen O -colony O -assay O -and O -the O -in O -vitro O -agar O -colony O -- O -forming O -assay O -are O -present O -in O -this O -fraction O -as O -are O -cells O -responsive O -to O -mitogenic O -stimulation O -with O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -( O -LPS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -DNC O -results O -in O -dissociation O -of O -oxidative O -phosphorylation O -: O -the O -content O -of O -ATP O -and O -intensity O -of O -inorganic O -phosphorus B-Chemical -utilization O -decrease O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -intensifies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -redox O -state O -of O -NAD O -- O -pairs O -( O -ratio O -of O -[ O -NAD O -+ O -] O -: O -[ O -NADN O -] O -calculated O -from O -the O -content O -of O -redox O -metabolites O -and O -the O -equilibrium O -constant O -for O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -system O -shifts O -toward O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -reducing O -properties O -of O -hepatocytes O -cytoplasm O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -with O -antipsychotic O -effect O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Therapy O -of O -hypertension O -using O -various O -beta O -receptor O -blockaders O -( O -timolol B-Chemical -, O -alprenolol O -, O -prindolol O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparison O -of O -pentagastrin O -- O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -acid O -secretion O -of O -the O -human O -stomach O -and O -the O -determination O -of O -correct O -values O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -types O -were O -activated O -by O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -and O -EDTA O -, O -but O -responded O -differently O -to O -1 O -mM O -KCN O -, O -when O -benzoylarginine O -- O -2 O -- O -naphthylamide O -( O -BANA O -) O -was O -used O -as O -a O -substrate O -: O -type O -I O -was O -inhibited O -, O -while O -type O -II O -was O -activated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -substrate O -specificity O -of O -rat O -skin O -BANA O -hydrolase O -resembled O -that O -of O -an O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -naphthylamidase O -, O -naphthylamides O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -, O -lysine O -, O -arginine O -, O -and O -alanine B-Chemical -being O -hydrolyzed O -most O -rapidly O -. O - -aps B-category -Amino O -acid O -esters O -with O -a O -free O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -were O -also O -good O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -Heterogeneity O -of O -hepatic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -the O -forms O -is O -probably O -identical O -to O -mitochondrial O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -: O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -aminotransferase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -; O -mASAT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -peaks O -( O -pI O -' O -s O -6 O -. O -35 O -, O -6 O -. O -50 O -and O -6 O -. O -90 O -) O -are O -heat O -stable O -and O -have O -a O -Km O -value O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -of O -4 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -study O -of O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -pancuronium B-Chemical -bromide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -NA O -) O -levels O -and O -activities O -of O -the O -enzymes O -metabolizing O -catecholamines B-Chemical -were O -determined O -in O -the O -rat O -brain O -and O -kidneys O -during O -prolonged O -( O -4 O -weeks O -) O -administration O -of O -lysine O -vasopressin B-Chemical -( O -LVP O -) O -and O -2 O -weeks O -after O -its O -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -drug O -- O -regitine O -inhibits O -the O -release O -of O -AVT O -after O -the O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -hypertonic O -solution O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -the O -bound O -enzyme O -was O -determined O -by O -comparing O -the O -concentrations O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -in O -the O -solution O -entering O -and O -leaving O -the O -reactor O -, O -filled O -with O -a O -suspension O -of O -the O -insoluble O -enzyme O -in O -Sephadex O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -blood O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -has O -been O -effected O -on O -193 O -Iranians O -of O -the O -intellectual O -group O -aged O -from O -25 O -to O -60 O -, O -of O -which O -the O -normal O -average O -rate O -for O -99 O -women O -and O -94 O -men O -of O -a O -normal O -state O -are O -( O -47 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -73 O -) O -and O -( O -53 O -. O -62 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -73 O -) O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -efforts O -have O -been O -directed O -towards O -characterizing O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -uptake O -, O -metabolism O -and O -release O -in O -bulk O -- O -isolated O -glia O -and O -neuronal O -perikarya O -studied O -in O -parallel O -with O -nerve O -- O -endings O -, O -especially O -as O -it O -concerns O -the O -transmitter O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -the O -participation O -of O -glia O -in O -the O -clearing O -of O -the O -synpatic O -space O -during O -impulse O -conduction O -. O - -aps B-category -Glia O -preferentially O -accumulate O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -compared O -to O -neuronal O -perikarya O -, O -have O -higher O -Na O -+ O -/ O -K O -+ O -- O -ATPase O -activity O -, O -possess O -high O -- O -affinity O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -uptake O -systems O -for O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -similar O -to O -the O -ones O -in O -synaptosomes O -, O -and O -release O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -response O -to O -a O -potassium B-Chemical -pulse O -by O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -independent I-Chemical -process O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamine O -may O -be O -a O -transmitter O -glutamate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -precursor I-Chemical -in O -nerve O -- O -endings O -since O -glutaminase O -activity O -is O -high O -in O -nerve O -- O -endings O -, O -but O -low O -in O -glia O -where O -glutamine B-Chemical -is O -presumably O -made O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -studies O -with O -GABA B-Chemical -, O -which O -are O -considerably O -more O -extensive O -, O -are O -supported O -by O -related O -work O -using O -glia O -in O -tissue O -- O -culture O -and O -autoradiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Glia O -, O -synaptosomes O -and O -neuronal O -perikarya O -, O -in O -general O -behaved O -similarly O -with O -respect O -to O -requirements O -for O -uptake O -and O -release O -, O -except O -in O -the O -case O -of O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -, O -which O -exerted O -opposite O -effects O -on O -glial O -and O -synaptosomal O -uptake O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Release O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -from O -the O -spinal O -cord O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Fraction O -I O -obtained O -after O -T O -- O -X O -- O -100 O -treatment O -contained O -the O -viral O -ribonucleoprotein O -( O -RNP O -) O -in O -a O -form O -indistinguishable O -from O -the O -obtained O -after O -ether B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -yields O -of O -electrophoretically O -isolated O -RNP O -and O -HA O -- O -NA O -were O -essentially O -the O -same O -irrespective O -of O -whether O -T O -- O -X O -- O -100 O -or O -ether B-Chemical -was O -used O -for O -virus O -disruption O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -vivo O -by O -nonsteroid O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drugs O -: O -evidence O -for O -the O -importance O -of O -pharmacokinetics O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -only O -a O -few O -, O -namely O -the O -acidic O -nonsteroid O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drugs O -( O -NSAID B-Chemical -) O -are O -useful O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -analgesics O -in O -the O -clinic O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -considered O -that O -one O -explanation O -could O -be O -that O -only O -acidic O -NSAID B-Chemical -appear O -in O -high O -concentrations O -in O -inflamed O -tissue O -to O -inhibit O -PG O -- O -synthesis O -sufficiently O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -in O -therapeutic O -doses O -only O -acidic O -NSAID B-Chemical -were O -capable O -to O -reduce O -PG O -- O -synthesis O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -observations O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -a O -specific O -pharmacokinetic O -behaviour O -of O -acidic O -NSAID B-Chemical -leading O -to O -high O -concentrations O -in O -inflamed O -tissue O -is O -a O -decisive O -aspect O -of O -their O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -second O -injection O -of O -100 O -mug O -poly O -( O -rI O -) O -poly O -( O -rC O -) O -per O -mouse O -at O -6 O -and O -24 O -hours O -after O -the O -first O -injection O -stimulated O -additional O -peaks O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Injection O -of O -the O -above O -dose O -12 O -hours O -after O -the O -first O -injection O -induced O -no O -interferon B-Chemical -production O -as O -it O -apparently O -coincided O -with O -the O -refractory O -state O -in O -interferon B-Chemical -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Inoculation O -of O -Venezuelan O -equine O -encephalomyelitis O -virus O -as O -a O -second O -interferon B-Chemical -inducer O -resulted O -in O -a O -repeated O -stimulation O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -production O -both O -in O -animals O -and O -in O -tissue O -culture O -; O -however O -, O -interferon B-Chemical -titres O -in O -this O -case O -were O -low O -. O - -aps B-category -poly O -( O -rC O -) O -and O -noninfectious O -virus O -as O -a O -second O -interferon B-Chemical -inducer O -eliminates O -the O -development O -of O -the O -refractory O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -classification O -of O -herpes O -simplex O -virus O -types O -1 O -and O -2 O -, O -and O -of O -intermediate O -strains O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -different O -susceptibilities O -of O -thymidine B-Chemical -kinase O -to O -thymidine B-Chemical -analogues O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -thymidine B-Chemical -kinase O -induced O -by O -five O -strains O -of O -HSV O -type O -1 O -( O -TK O -1 O -) O -is O -stimulated O -by O -suitable O -concentrations O -of O -2 O -' O -- O -deoxythymidine O -- O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -, O -thymidine B-Chemical -kinase O -induced O -by O -eight O -strains O -of O -HSV O -type O -2 O -( O -TK O -2 O -) O -is O -inhibited O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -properties O -of O -thymidine B-Chemical -kinase O -remained O -constant O -after O -cloning O -the O -virus O -and O -thus O -is O -a O -genetically O -fixed O -trait O -due O -to O -recombination O -which O -could O -well O -occur O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Gel O -chromatography O -of O -serum O -from O -mice O -infected O -with O -a O -virus O -elevating O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -: O -NAD O -oxidoreductase O -activity O -- O -- O -an O -attempt O -to O -separate O -viral O -and O -enzymatic O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -order O -of O -elution O -was O -viral O -activity O -, O -proteins O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Balb O -/ O -3T3 O -mouse O -cells O -, O -normal O -and O -SV40 O -- O -transformed O -, O -produced O -interferon B-Chemical -when O -induced O -with O -Newcastle O -disease O -and O -influenza O -viruses O -; O -transformed O -cells O -failed O -to O -respond O -to O -double O -- O -stranded O -RNA O -inducers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -consumption O -of O -complement O -observed O -during O -the O -induction O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -by O -various O -inducers O -may O -proceed O -via O -the O -alternate O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -process O -of O -virus O -- O -induced O -interferon B-Chemical -production O -, O -two O -kinds O -of O -RNA O -appear O -in O -the O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interferon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inducing I-Chemical -RNA O -appears O -20 O -- O -30 O -minutes O -after O -virus O -induction O -and O -shows O -maximal O -activity O -after O -1 O -hour O -. O - -aps B-category -Interferon B-Chemical -mRNA O -appears O -in O -the O -cells O -1 O -hour O -after O -virus O -induction O -and O -shows O -maximal O -activity O -after O -6 O -- O -8 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Ultrastructural O -changes O -of O -the O -canine O -gastric O -mucosa O -after O -topical O -application O -of O -graded O -concentrations O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -12 O -. O -5 O -% O -ethanol B-Chemical -produced O -widened O -and O -irregular O -intercellular O -spaces O -while O -20 O -and O -40 O -% O -disrupted O -the O -apical O -cell O -membrane O -with O -concomitant O -exudation O -of O -mucin O -into O -the O -gastric O -lumen O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tight O -junction O -between O -cells O -remained O -intact O -following O -exposure O -to O -the O -lower O -concentrations O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -but O -focal O -separation O -of O -cell O -junctions O -was O -observed O -in O -severely O -damaged O -areas O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -minimal O -effects O -of O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -on O -canine O -gastric O -mucosa O -in O -Heidenhain O -pouches O -. O - -aps B-category -Solutions O -were O -placed O -in O -the O -pouches O -and O -changes O -in O -the O -volume O -, O -concentrations O -, O -and O -fluxes O -of O -both O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -ion O -were O -measured O -before O -and O -during O -exposure O -to O -taurocholate O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -flux O -were O -smaller O -and O -, O -in O -some O -experiments O -, O -insignificant O -. O - -aps B-category -Stability O -of O -frozen O -solutions O -of O -cefazolin O -sodium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diluents O -were O -: O -Water O -for O -Injection O -USP O -; O -0 O -. O -9 O -% O -Sodium B-Chemical -Chloride I-Chemical -Injection O -USP O -; O -5 O -% O -Dextrose O -Injection O -USP O -( O -D5W O -) O -; O -D5W O -with O -0 O -. O -02 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -; O -D5W O -in O -Lactated O -Ringer O -' O -s O -Injection O -USP O -; O -Lactated O -Ringer O -' O -s O -Injection O -USP O -; O -Ionosol O -B O -in O -D5W O -; O -Normasol O -M O -in O -D5W O -; O -and O -Plasmalyte O -in O -D5W O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -rat O -brain O -striatum O -and O -beef O -adrenal O -medulla O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Controlled O -hypotension O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -5 O -cases O -( O -group O -2 O -) O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -infusion O -was O -needed O -for O -therapy O -of O -hypertensive O -crisis O -during O -vascular O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Studies O -on O -the O -stability O -of O -local O -anaesthetics O -containing O -adrenaline B-Chemical -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -this O -potential O -danger O -we O -studied O -the O -changes O -of O -anaesthetic O -solutions O -containing O -adrenaline B-Chemical -during O -a O -longer O -storage O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Molecular O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -light O -decompose O -the O -solutions O -rapidly O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -calculation O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -as O -function O -of O -pO2 O -, O -pH O -, O -temperature O -and O -base O -deviation O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -with O -fentanyl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -nine O -patients O -undergoing O -neurological O -arteriographies O -, O -were O -treated O -with O -one O -or O -more O -doses O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -fentanyl B-Chemical -; O -22 O -patients O -were O -treated O -with O -an O -initial O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -05 O -mg O -of O -sulfentanil O -followed O -by O -repeat O -injections O -of O -0 O -. O -025 O -mg O -, O -when O -necessary O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -sulfentanil O -analgesia O -the O -patients O -were O -more O -rapidly O -awake O -and O -lucid O -, O -than O -after O -fentanyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -analgesia I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Chromatographic O -separation O -of O -cyclic O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -from O -guanylate O -cyclase O -reaction O -mixtures O -. O - -aps B-category -Parturients O -in O -whom O -meperidine B-Chemical -HCl O -, O -propiomazine O -HCl O -, O -and O -scopolamine B-Chemical -were O -used O -for O -analgesia O -and O -amnesia O -in O -labor O -and O -delivery O -were O -studied O -to O -determine O -the O -efficacy O -and O -safety O -of O -physostigmine B-Chemical -reversal O -after O -delivery O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -evaluation O -of O -injectable O -lorazepam B-Chemical -as O -a O -premedicant O -: O -the O -effect O -on O -recall O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluroxene O -( O -2 O -, O -2 O -, O -2 O -- O -trifluorethyl O -vinyl O -ether B-Chemical -) O -toxicity O -: O -a O -chemical O -aspect O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Value O -of O -moderate O -fentanyl B-Chemical -dosage O -during O -anesthesis O -in O -abdominal O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -end O -of O -the O -study O -, O -fentanyl B-Chemical -appears O -as O -a O -powerful O -analgesic O -, O -easy O -to O -use O -and O -successful O -in O -all O -the O -cases O -of O -abdominal O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -analytical O -function O -established O -for O -the O -use O -of O -Pancuronium O -- O -bromide B-Chemical -in O -surgery O -, O -is O -also O -being O -tried O -for O -the O -curarizing O -substance O -: O -AH O -. O -8165 O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -quantity O -of O -EB O -51 O -was O -a O -determining O -factor O -since O -2000 O -ml O -were O -necessary O -to O -obtain O -a O -positive O -nitrogen B-Chemical -balance O -( O -+ O -0 O -. O -96 O -g O -) O -. O -- O -- O -a O -very O -small O -rise O -in O -the O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -serous O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -) O -. O -- O -- O -a O -reduction O -of O -the O -rate O -of O -5 O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -one O -of O -which O -, O -however O -, O -( O -Arginine O -) O -was O -being O -supplied O -by O -the O -drip O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -necessity O -of O -a O -calories O -/ O -g O -/ O -nitrogen B-Chemical -ratio O -from O -100 O -to O -200 O -corresponding O -to O -2000 O -ml O -of O -EB O -51 O -was O -once O -more O -evidenced O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tolerance O -was O -excellent O -in O -all O -the O -cases O -, O -the O -weight O -remained O -stable O -, O -the O -nitrogen B-Chemical -retention O -was O -constant O -mainly O -in O -the O -third O -group O -where O -it O -seemed O -to O -depend O -on O -the O -initial O -total O -energetic O -intake O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -have O -studied O -the O -corneal O -and O -lens O -lesions O -which O -appeared O -following O -a O -prolonged O -treatment O -by O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -seems O -that O -all O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -can O -be O -held O -responsible O -for O -the O -apparition O -of O -these O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -total O -quantity O -of O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -which O -are O -absorbed O -seems O -to O -be O -a O -good O -measure O -of O -the O -risk O -of O -ocular O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mathematical O -model O -which O -describes O -the O -effect O -of O -pH O -and O -dissolved O -oxygen B-Chemical -on O -growth O -and O -activity O -of O -Nitrosomonas O -and O -Nitrobacter O -in O -mixed O -culture O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -production O -in O -rice O -soils O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Autoclaved O -soils O -showed O -an O -NO O -evolution O -when O -supplemented O -with O -nitrite B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -NO O -production O -occurred O -at O -about O -neutrality O -and O -increased O -with O -increasing O -soil O -moisture O -content O -; O -moreover O -, O -this O -NO O -formation O -increased O -much O -less O -than O -in O -the O -other O -two O -soils O -with O -increasing O -nitrite B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Study O -of O -E O -. O -coli O -penicillin B-Chemical -amidase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -equilibrium O -constant O -for O -penicillin B-Chemical -amidase O -- O -catalyzed O -hydrolysis O -of O -benzylpenicillin B-Chemical -( O -Keg O -= O -3 O -. O -00 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -24 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -0 O -) O -and O -the O -ionization O -constants O -for O -phenylacetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -PAA O -) O -and O -the O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -of O -6 O -- O -aminopenicillanic O -acid O -( O -6 O -- O -APA O -) O -were O -determined O -( O -4 O -. O -20 O -and O -4 O -. O -60 O -under O -conditions O -of O -the O -kinetic O -experiments O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -correlation O -between O -formation O -of O -beta O -- O -lactamase O -and O -high O -values O -of O -the O -minimal O -inhibitory O -concentration O -against O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymatic O -hydrolysis O -of O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -C O -by O -an O -extracellular O -acetylhydrolase O -of O -Cephalosporium O -acremonium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -CAH O -has O -a O -relatively O -low O -affinity O -for O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -C O -( O -K O -( O -m O -) O -, O -20 O -mM O -) O -and O -is O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -diisopropylfluorophosphate B-Chemical -and O -less O -markedly O -affected O -by O -fluoride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thio I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -d I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -was O -added O -to O -the O -culture O -medium O -, O -the O -results O -suggested O -that O -this O -glucose B-Chemical -analogue O -is O -able O -to O -inhibit O -CAH O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -a O -comparison O -of O -the O -specific O -activities O -of O -isocitrate O -lyase O -and O -malate B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -different O -extracts O -it O -was O -concluded O -that O -the O -glyoxylate O -cycle O -was O -involved O -in O -the O -metabolism O -of O -ethylene O -, O -indicating O -that O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -is O -a O -metabolite O -of O -ethylene O -catabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -conditions O -for O -its O -activity O -were O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -and O -25 O -C O -. O -Neoagarobiase O -hydrolyzes O -only O -neoagarobiose O -and O -neoagarobiitol O -and O -optimal O -conditions O -for O -activity O -were O -pH O -6 O -. O -75 O -and O -25 O -C O -. O -Both O -enzymes O -were O -inhibited O -by O -Ag O -+ O -, O -Hg2 O -+ O -and O -Zn2 O -+ O -ions O -and O -by O -p O -- O -CMB O -, O -which O -indicates O -that O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -are O -present O -in O -their O -active O -centres O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -enzyme O -production O -was O -obtained O -on O -a O -medium O -containing O -2 O -. O -0 O -% O -methyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -phytone O -, O -and O -0 O -. O -2 O -% O -yeast O -extract O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -and O -tris O -( O -hydroxymethyl O -) O -aminomethane O -were O -competitive O -inhibitors O -with O -Ki O -values O -of O -4 O -. O -54 O -and O -75 O -. O -08 O -mM O -, O -respectively O -; O -cysteine B-Chemical -was O -a O -noncompetitive O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -temperature O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -of O -a O -psychotrophic O -strain O -of O -Bacillus O -cereus O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -the O -growth O -temperature O -decreased O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -metabolized O -with O -increased O -participation O -of O -the O -pentose B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extracellular O -products O -resulting O -from O -the O -metabolism O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -decreased O -as O -the O -growth O -temperature O -was O -lowered O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -Clostridium O -perfringens O -by O -heated O -combinations O -of O -nitrite B-Chemical -, O -sulfur O -, O -and O -ferrous O -or O -ferric O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -responses O -seem O -to O -eliminate O -the O -possibility O -that O -cysteine B-Chemical -nitrosothiol O -is O -the O -agent O -responsible O -for O -the O -heated B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -inhibition O -known O -as O -the O -Perigo O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mixed O -bacterial O -culture O -, O -consisting O -of O -a O -minimum O -of O -nine O -isolates O -, O -was O -adapted O -to O -growth O -on O -technical O -parathion O -( O -PAR O -) O -as O -a O -sole O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -energy O -source O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimum O -conditions O -for O -the O -oxidation O -of O -chalcocite O -were O -: O -pH O -, O -1 O -. O -7 O -to O -2 O -. O -3 O -; O -temperature O -, O -35 O -C O -; O -and O -ferric O -iron B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -range O -of O -0 O -. O -004 O -to O -0 O -. O -01 O -M O -. O -For O -covellite O -, O -the O -optimum O -conditions O -were O -: O -pH O -2 O -. O -3 O -; O -temperature O -, O -35 O -C O -; O -and O -ferric O -iron B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -range O -of O -0 O -. O -004 O -to O -0 O -. O -02 O -M O -. O -The O -energies O -of O -activation O -were O -determined O -to O -be O -16 O -. O -3 O -kcal O -( O -ca O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -kinetic O -study O -of O -pig O -liver O -glucose B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Interaction O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -with O -some O -cerebral O -neurotransmitters O -in O -the O -mouse O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypotensive O -actions O -of O -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -and O -a O -new O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agent O -, O -dl O -- O -tert O -- O -butylamino O -- O -3 O -- O -( O -2 O -' O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -dimethylphenoxy O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -propanol O -hydrochloride O -( O -D O -- O -32 O -) O -were O -studied O -in O -conscious O -normotensive O -and O -renal O -hypertensive O -dogs O -, O -using O -a O -cross O -- O -over O -design O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -a O -food O -- O -reinforced O -two O -- O -lever O -operant O -procedure O -, O -rats O -( O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -were O -trained O -to O -discriminate O -fentanyl B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -p O -. O -o O -. O -, O -t O -- O -60 O -' O -) O -from O -solvent O -( O -1 O -ml O -/ O -100 O -g O -B O -. O -W O -. O -, O -p O -. O -o O -. O -, O -t O -- O -60 O -' O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -suprofen B-Chemical -and O -other O -non O -- O -narcotic O -analgesic O -drugs O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -precursor O -on O -isolated O -tissues O -and O -platelets O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -- O -related O -inhibitions O -were O -not O -due O -to O -antagonism O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Suprofen B-Chemical -also O -strongly O -inhibited O -malondialdehyde B-Chemical -formation O -by O -guinea O -- O -pig O -platelets O -incubated O -with O -arachidonic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antagonism O -of O -AAP O -- O -induced O -contractions O -in O -the O -rat O -fundus O -is O -a O -valuable O -test O -system O -for O -inhibitors O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -article O -derives O -such O -data O -by O -reviewing O -double O -- O -blind O -controlled O -studies O -that O -used O -a O -flexible O -dosage O -schedule O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -treating O -schizophrenic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -these O -comparable O -doses O -produce O -equivalent O -amounts O -of O -antipsychotic O -activity O -, O -the O -cost O -to O -provide O -such O -medication O -was O -then O -calculated O -, O -and O -a O -table O -comparing O -the O -costs O -of O -the O -different O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -was O -constructed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purification O -and O -properties O -of O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -the O -cytosol O -of O -Soya O -- O -bean O -root O -nodules O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamine O -synthetase O -from O -nodule O -cytosol O -has O -been O -purified O -by O -a O -procedure O -involving O -fractionation O -with O -protamine O -sulphate O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -and O -polypropylene O -glycol O -, O -chromatography O -on O -DEAE O -- O -Bio O -- O -Gel O -A O -and O -Bio O -- O -Gel O -A O -- O -5m O -and O -affinity O -chromatography O -on O -glutamate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -agarose I-Chemical -columns O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -data O -and O -measurements O -of O -electron O -micrographs O -, O -we O -have O -concluded O -that O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -nodule O -cytosol O -consists O -of O -eight O -subunits O -arranged O -in O -two O -sets O -of O -planar O -tetramers O -which O -form O -a O -cubical O -configuration O -with O -dimensions O -of O -about O -10 O -nm O -( O -100 O -A O -) O -across O -each O -side O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cytosol O -enzyme O -contains O -four O -half O -- O -cystine O -molecules O -per O -subunit O -, O -which O -is O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -two O -reported O -for O -the O -enzyme O -from O -pea O -seed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -, O -NAD O -+ O -- O -linked O -and O -NADP O -+ O -- O -linked O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -were O -measured O -in O -muscles O -from O -a O -large O -number O -of O -animals O -, O -in O -order O -to O -provide O -some O -indication O -of O -the O -importance O -of O -the O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -cycle O -in O -these O -muscles O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -activities O -indicate O -the O -dependence O -of O -insect O -flight O -on O -energy O -generated O -via O -the O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -Consequently O -, O -to O -support O -this O -activity O -fuel O -must O -be O -supplied O -continually O -to O -the O -muscle O -via O -the O -circulatory O -system O -which O -, O -in O -most O -animals O -, O -also O -transports O -oxygen B-Chemical -so O -that O -energy O -can O -be O -generated O -by O -complete O -oxidation O -of O -the O -fuel O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -other O -muscles O -, O -the O -enzyme O -- O -activity O -data O -suggest O -that O -both O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -and O -the O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -reactions O -are O -near O -- O -equilibrium O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulphate O -/ O -polyacrylamide O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -of O -the O -14C O -- O -labelled O -polypeptides O -present O -in O -the O -Golgi O -- O -enriched O -fractions O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -procollagen O -polypeptides O -were O -all O -present O -as O -disulphide O -- O -linked O -pro O -- O -gamma O -components O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduction O -of O -K3Fe O -( O -CN O -) O -6 O -by O -NADH O -or O -NADPH B-Chemical -was O -unaffected O -, O -but O -a O -slow O -decrease O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -reduction O -of O -ubiquinone O -- O -1 O -by O -NADH O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Polyacrylamide O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -revealed O -that O -trypsin O -caused O -degradation O -of O -a O -polypeptide O -of O -mol O -. O -wt O -20500 O -in O -parallel O -with O -the O -loss O -of O -transhydrogenase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -regulation O -of O -rat O -liver O -tryptophan B-Chemical -pyrrolase O -activity O -by O -reduced O -nicotinamide O -- O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -( O -phosphate B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -administration O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -or O -nicotinamide O -in O -drinking O -water O -inhibits O -the O -activity O -of O -rat O -liver O -tryptophan B-Chemical -pyrrolase O -, O -and O -subsequent O -withdrawal O -causes O -an O -enhancement O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -or O -nictinamide O -is O -not O -due O -to O -a O -defective O -apoenzyme O -synthesis O -nor O -a O -decreased O -cofactor O -availability O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -is O -also O -reversed O -by O -the O -above O -agents O -and O -by O -NH4Cl O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -or O -nicotinamide O -increases O -liver O -[ O -NADPH B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenazine O -methosulphate O -prevents O -the O -increase O -in O -[ O -NADPH B-Chemical -] O -caused O -by O -both O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -nicotinamide O -. O - -aps B-category -Participation O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -anions O -at O -the O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -phase O -of O -carrageenan B-Chemical -foot O -- O -oedema O -. O - -aps B-category -p O -- O -Chlorophenylalanine O -- O -induced O -enhancement O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -on O -the O -adrenal O -medulla O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -on O -dopa O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -entry O -into O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -purified O -components O -of O -jellyfish O -toxin O -( O -Stomolophus O -meleagris O -) O -on O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -DL O -- O -3 O -- O -( O -5 O -- O -benzimidazolyl O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -methylalanine O -on O -brain O -and O -heart O -catecholamines B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -I I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -efficacy O -of O -zipeprol O -after O -enteral O -administration O -made O -it O -possible O -both O -to O -establish O -good O -intestinal O -absorption O -and O -to O -rank O -it O -favourably O -in O -relation O -to O -several O -major O -antitussive O -reference O -products O -; O -codeine B-Chemical -, O -codethyline O -, O -dextromethorphan B-Chemical -, O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -and O -pentoxyverine O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -latter O -property O -was O -demonstrated O -by O -the O -inhibition O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -induced O -bronchospasm O -in O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -anticholinergics O -( O -atropinsulfate O -and O -ipratropiumbromide O -) O -and O -three O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -stimulants O -( O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -orciprenaline B-Chemical -and O -salbutamol B-Chemical -) O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -review O -is O -given O -about O -the O -effects O -of O -narcotic O -analgesics O -, O -particularly O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -on O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -the O -corpus O -striatum O -and O -about O -the O -relations O -of O -these O -effects O -to O -motility O -and O -" O -psychomotor O -" O -phenomena O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -treatment O -of O -rats O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -reverses O -these O -acute O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -induces O -symptoms O -of O -an O -increased O -dopaminergic O -neurotransmission O -in O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -on O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -seem O -to O -be O -a O -model O -well O -suited O -to O -study O -opioid O -- O -specific O -effects O -on O -a O -cellular O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -crude O -extracts O -of O -heart O -acetone O -powder O -were O -applied O -to O -columsn O -, O -about O -40 O -% O -of O -total O -lipase O -activity O -was O -bound O -to O -the O -gel O -and O -then O -eluted O -with O -1 O -. O -5 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -the O -purified O -enzyme O -( O -i O -) O -had O -a O -pH O -optimum O -between O -7 O -. O -8 O -and O -8 O -. O -0 O -; O -( O -ii O -) O -required O -serum O -for O -full O -enzymatic O -activity O -; O -apoC O -- O -II O -could O -be O -substituted O -for O -serum O -; O -( O -iii O -) O -was O -inhibited O -by O -by O -apoC O -- O -I O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -activated O -substrate O -; O -( O -iv O -) O -was O -markedly O -inhibited O -by O -NaCl B-Chemical -; O -and O -( O -v O -) O -was O -stimulated O -by O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -nor O -the O -serotonin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -depleting I-Chemical -agent O -, O -rho O -- O -chlorophenylalanine O -, O -nor O -the O -serotonin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -antagonist I-Chemical -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -, O -were O -observed O -to O -alter O -serum O -cholesterol B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -some O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -on O -Triton O -WR O -- O -1339 O -- O -Induced O -hyperlipidaemia O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimal O -doses O -for O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -chlordiazepoxide O -and O -bipotassium O -chlorazepate O -were O -estimated O -to O -be O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimal O -doses O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -lorazepam B-Chemical -brought O -about O -the O -same O -changes O -in O -serum O -lipid O -content O -as O -did O -clofibrate O -( O -90 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -studies O -of O -induction O -agents O -XLIII O -: O -Flunitrazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -assumed O -to O -be O -10 O -times O -as O -potent O -as O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -dose O -- O -related O -increase O -in O -minor O -respiratory O -upset O -with O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -in O -unpremedicated O -patients O -and O -a O -high O -frequency O -of O -arterial O -hypotension O -following O -large O -doses O -given O -to O -patients O -who O -had O -received O -opiate O -premedication O -. O - -aps B-category -Flunitrazepam B-Chemical -was O -not O -a O -very O -satisfactory O -drug O -for O -the O -induction O -of O -anaesthesia O -, O -and O -recovery O -was O -too O -prolonged O -for O -routine O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Salmefamol O -and O -Salbutamol B-Chemical -in O -exercise O -- O -induced O -asthma O -in O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -incubation O -in O -EGTA O -at O -pH O -7 O -- O -4 O -did O -not O -result O -in O -epidermolysis O -, O -we O -suggest O -that O -the O -removal O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -rather O -than O -calcium B-Chemical -is O -responsible O -for O -epidermolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Cognitive O -orientation O -, O -type O -of O -smoker O -and O -behavior O -therapy O -of O -smoking B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -previous O -investigation O -in O -the O -same O -type O -of O -patients O -, O -we O -studied O -the O -effects O -of O -mestranol O -( O -a O -synthetic O -17 O -- O -alkylated O -oestrogen B-Chemical -) O -in O -a O -daily O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -with O -the O -same O -dose O -- O -schedule O -as O -the O -present O -investigation O -and O -17 O -- O -beta O -- O -oestradiol O -appeared O -to O -impair O -liver O -function O -less O -than O -mestranol O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -8alpha O -- O -( O -N3 O -- O -histidyl O -) O -riboflavin B-Chemical -, O -8alpha O -- O -( O -N1 O -- O -histidyl O -) O -riboflavin B-Chemical -is O -also O -formed O -during O -the O -reaction O -of O -Nalpha O -- O -blocked O -histidine O -with O -8alpha O -- O -bromotetraacetylriboflavin O -in O -a O -yield O -of O -20 O -- O -25 O -% O -of O -the O -total O -histidylflavin O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -flavin O -product O -from O -reductive O -Zn O -cleavage O -of O -either O -isomer O -has O -been O -identified O -as O -riboflavin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Proof O -that O -acid O -modification O -involves O -only O -the O -ribityl O -chain O -has O -come O -from O -the O -observations O -that O -alkaline O -irradiation O -of O -this O -flavin O -yields O -lumiflavin O -, O -that O -the O -proton O -magnetic O -resonance O -spectrum O -of O -the O -compound O -differs O -from O -that O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -in O -the O -region O -of O -the O -ribityl O -proton O -resonance O -, O -and O -that O -its O -periodate O -titer O -is O -lower O -than O -that O -of O -authentic O -riboflavin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -metarhodopsin O -II O -requires O -an O -additional O -energy O -of O -about O -10 O -kcal O -/ O -mol O -and O -involves O -the O -uptake O -on O -one O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -from O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -leads O -to O -a O -model O -involving O -intramolecular O -protonation O -of O -the O -Schiff O -base O -nitrogen B-Chemical -in O -the O -retinal O -- O -opsin O -linkage O -of O -rhodopsin O -, O -which O -is O -consistent O -with O -the O -thermodynamic O -and O -spectroscopic O -properties O -of O -the O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -acid O -conditions O -and O -urea B-Chemical -and O -guanidine O -solutions O -may O -denature O -. O - -aps B-category -Alkaline O -hydrolysis O -of O -yeast O -tRNA O -releases O -this O -nucleoside B-Chemical -as O -part O -of O -an O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stable I-Chemical -dinucleotide O -, O -cm5Um O -- O -Ap O -, O -from O -which O -sufficient O -cm5Um O -was O -prepared O -in O -the O -present O -investigation O -for O -a O -detailed O -examination O -of O -its O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -Identification O -of O -the O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labile I-Chemical -blocking O -group O -in O -pU O -- O -2 O -as O -an O -amide O -was O -based O -on O -quantitative O -assay O -for O -ammonia B-Chemical -released O -upon O -acid O -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -corresponding O -nucleoside B-Chemical -, O -U O -- O -2 O -, O -and O -by O -chromatographic O -comparison O -of O -U O -- O -2 O -with O -the O -semisynthetic O -methyl O -ester O -and O -amide O -derivatives O -of O -cm5Um O -( O -mcm5Um O -and O -ncm5Um O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Vinylglycine O -and O -proparglyglycine O -: O -complementary O -suicide O -substrates O -for O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Vinylglycine O -is O -rapidly O -oxidized O -by O -both O -enzymes O -but O -only O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -is O -inactivated O -under O -assay O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -L O -- O -Proparglyclycine O -is O -a O -substrate O -but O -not O -an O -inactivator O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -the O -product O -ahat O -accumulats O -in O -the O -nonnucleophilic O -N O -- O -2 O -- O -hydroxyethylpiperazine O -- O -N O -' O -- O -2 O -- O -ethanesulfonic O -acid O -buffer O -is O -acetopyruvate O -. O - -aps B-category -Vinylglycine O -and O -proparglyglycine O -show O -inactivation O -specificity O -, O -then O -, O -for O -L O -- O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Essential O -histidyl O -and O -cysteinyl O -residues O -at O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -binding O -site O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenodoxin I-Chemical -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1 O -) O -Photoxication O -decreased O -the O -enzymatic O -activity O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenodoxin I-Chemical -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -2 O -) O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenodoxin I-Chemical -reductase O -activity O -was O -inhibited O -by O -diethyl O -pyrocarbonate O -and O -the O -inhibition O -was O -partially O -reversed O -by O -addition O -of O -hydroxylamine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -a O -histidyl O -residue O -and O -a O -cysteinyl O -residue O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenodoxin I-Chemical -reductase O -are O -essential O -for O -the O -binding O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -by O -the O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -assess O -the O -role O -of O -these O -residues O -in O -this O -phase O -, O -a O -series O -of O -UDP O -- O -MurNAc O -- O -peptides O -were O -biosynthesized O -with O -residues O -4 O -and O -5 O -replaced O -singly O -by O -either O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -n I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -butyric I-Chemical -acid O -, O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norvaline I-Chemical -, O -or O -D O -- O -valine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -peptidoglycan O -is O -catalyzed O -by O -membrane O -- O -walls O -isolated O -from O -Gaffkya O -homari O -and O -would O -appear O -to O -require O -the O -concerted O -action O -of O -transglycosylase O -and O -transpeptidase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -for O -the O -synthesis O -of O -nascent O -peptidoglycan O -with O -these O -nucleotides O -Vmax O -/ O -Km O -is O -0 O -. O -75 O -and O -0 O -. O -80 O -, O -and O -Vmax O -is O -0 O -. O -71 O -and O -1 O -. O -0 O -, O -respectively O -, O -of O -the O -value O -for O -the O -reference O -nucleotide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -inhibitory O -dinucleotide O -, O -ApA O -, O -the O -tumor O -enzymes O -responded O -with O -a O -sigmoidal O -curve O -; O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -stimulator O -, O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -, O -the O -liver O -enzymes O -responded O -with O -a O -hyperbolic O -substrate O -concentration O -curve O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -tumor O -- O -bearing O -rats O -were O -treated O -with O -polyinosinate O -: O -polycytidylate O -, O -an O -antitumor O -agent O -, O -the O -tumor O -nucleolar O -rRNA O -methylases O -became O -unresponsive O -to O -inhibition O -by O -ApA O -and O -more O -responsive O -to O -stimulation O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -monophoton O -counting O -technique O -was O -used O -to O -obtain O -the O -fluorescence O -decay O -kinetics O -of O -NADH O -( O -dihydronicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -) O -bound O -to O -LADH O -( O -HORSE O -LIVER O -ALCOHOL B-Chemical -DEHYDROGENAS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Single O -photon O -counting O -pulse O -fluorimetry O -has O -been O -used O -in O -order O -to O -study O -the O -two O -ternary O -complexes O -GDH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -GTP I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NADPH I-Chemical -and O -GDH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NADPH I-Chemical -and O -the O -quaternary O -complex O -GDH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -GTP I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NADPH I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -also O -shown O -that O -the O -fluorescence O -decay O -times O -of O -the O -enzyme O -are O -shortened O -by O -the O -bound O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -only O -4 O -% O -of O -fluorescence O -enhancement O -was O -noted O -upon O -binding O -in O -3 O -M O -GuHC1 O -and O -no O -enhancement O -could O -be O -seen O -when O -the O -concentration O -of O -GuHC1 O -was O -increased O -to O -5 O -M O -, O -thus O -suggesting O -complete O -unfolding O -of O -the O -protein O -and O -subsequent O -loss O -of O -binding O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -activity O -in O -crude O -extracts O -was O -stimulated O -approximately O -40 O -- O -fold O -by O -inclusion O -of O -0 O -. O -4 O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -M O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -in O -the O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -Propionate O -- O -or O -valine O -- O -grown O -cells O -contained O -a O -propionyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -activity O -that O -was O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -in O -the O -assay O -, O -and O -which O -may O -represent O -an O -inducible O -form O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -either O -carboxylase O -was O -associated O -with O -the O -appearance O -of O -similar O -high O -- O -molecular O -- O -weight O -, O -biotin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -proteins O -as O -measured O -by O -gel O -filtration O -. O - -aps B-category -Separation O -of O -intrinsic O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -contributions O -to O -the O -kinetic O -thermal O -stability O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -theory O -for O -this O -procedure O -is O -applied O -to O -thermal O -denaturation O -data O -, O -obtained O -at O -the O -pH O -of O -optimum O -stability O -, O -for O -the O -serine O -proteases O -, O -thermomycolase O -and O -subtilisin O -types O -Carlsberg O -and O -BPN O -' O -, O -and O -for O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -metalloendopeptidases O -, O -thermolysin O -and O -neutral O -protease O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -the O -metalloendopeptidases O -the O -total O -kinetic O -thermal O -stability O -is O -largest O -for O -thermolysin O -, O -the O -difference O -between O -thermolysin O -and O -neutral O -protease O -A O -being O -dominated O -by O -bound O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -contributions O -. O - -aps B-category -Reinvestigation O -of O -the O -phenacyl O -bromide B-Chemical -modification O -of O -alpha O -- O -chymotrypsin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phenacyl O -alpha O -- O -chymotrypsin O -produced O -at O -low O -pH O -is O -most O -probably O -the O -Met O -- O -192 O -phenacylsulfonium O -salt B-Chemical -, O -as O -proposed O -earlier O -, O -since O -it O -readily O -undergoes O -dealkylation O -using O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -efforts O -to O -obtain O -information O -about O -the O -nature O -and O -mechanism O -of O -formation O -of O -the O -phenacyl O -alpha O -- O -chymotrypsin O -produced O -at O -neutral O -pH O -, O -alkylation O -reactions O -of O -modified O -alpha O -- O -chymotrypsins O -produced O -by O -His O -- O -57 O -functionalization O -with O -tosylphenylalanine O -chloromethyl O -ketone B-Chemical -and O -by O -Met O -- O -192 O -oxidation O -to O -the O -sulfoxide O -have O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -conclusion O -was O -further O -substantiated O -by O -observed O -changes O -in O -steady O -- O -state O -Ca2 O -+ O -and O -Mn2 O -+ O -distributions O -induced O -by O -La3 O -+ O -and O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -former O -is O -more O -sensitive O -to O -La3 O -+ O -and O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metal O -ion O -catalysed O -decomposition O -of O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -diphosphate O -sugars O -, O -uridine B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -glucose B-Chemical -, O -uriding O -diphosphate O -galactose B-Chemical -, O -uridine B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -N O -- O -acetylglucosamine O -, O -guanosine B-Chemical -diphosphate O -mannose O -, O -and O -guanosine B-Chemical -diphosphate O -fucose O -( O -UDPGlc O -, O -UDPGal O -, O -UDPGlc O -- O -NAc O -, O -GDPMan O -, O -and O -GDPFuc O -, O -respectively O -) O -, O -has O -been O -studies O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -GDPFuc O -is O -slowly O -degraded O -to O -free O -fucose O -under O -similar O -conditions O -; O -the O -other O -nucleotide B-Chemical -diphosphate O -sugars O -are O -stable O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectrophotometric O -and O -fluorimetric O -techniques O -were O -employed O -to O -charcterize O -the O -environment O -of O -the O -heme O -chromophore O -of O -rabbit O -hemopexin O -and O -to O -monitor O -changes O -in O -the O -environment O -of O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -induced O -by O -the O -interaction O -of O -hemopexin O -with O -porphyrins O -and O -metalloporphyrins O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectro O -- O -photometric O -titrations O -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -of O -hemopexin O -, O -heme O -- O -hemopexin O -and O -hemopexin O -in O -8 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -showed O -apparent O -pK O -values O -at O -11 O -. O -4 O -, O -11 O -. O -7 O -, O -and O -10 O -. O -9 O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -small O -differences O -were O -found O -between O -the O -perturbation O -spectra O -of O -apo O -- O -and O -heme O -- O -hemopexin O -near O -290 O -nm O -, O -suggesting O -that O -slight O -or O -compensating O -changes O -in O -the O -exposure O -to O -solvent O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -chromophores O -occur O -. O - -aps B-category -Modification O -of O -approximately O -, O -4 O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -with O -N O -- O -bromosuccinimide O -also O -decreased O -the O -relative O -fluorescence O -of O -apo O -- O -hemopexin O -by O -50 O -% O -and O -concomitantly O -reduced O -the O -heme O -- O -binding O -ability O -of O -the O -protein O -by O -70 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -temperature O -on O -tryptophan B-Chemical -fluorescence O -of O -beta O -- O -lactoglobulin O -B O -. O - -aps B-category -Conformational O -changes O -appear O -to O -be O -reversible O -if O -the O -protein O -is O -cooled O -to O -20 O -degrees O -C O -after O -heat O -treatments O -up O -to O -70 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Above O -70 O -degrees O -C O -the O -second O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residue O -becomes O -exposed O -to O -solvent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deuterium I-Chemical -exchange O -reaction O -in O -a O -subtilisin O -inhibitor O -from O -Streptomyces O -albogriseolus O -has O -been O -examined O -by O -infrared O -absorption O -measurement O -in O -aqueous O -solutions O -at O -various O -pH O -values O -and O -temperatures O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -temperature O -effect O -on O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -exchange I-Chemical -rate O -constants O -and O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -ultraviolet O -absorption O -study O -in O -the O -higher O -temperature O -region O -( O -40 O -to O -90 O -degrees O -C O -) O -, O -a O -discussion O -has O -been O -made O -on O -the O -nature O -of O -the O -fluctuation O -of O -the O -molecular O -structure O -of O -this O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -aid O -of O -the O -3 O -' O -- O -O O -- O -methyl O -derivatives O -of O -araA O -and O -araC O -, O -where O -only O -the O -2 O -' O -- O -OH O -ionizes O -, O -and O -the O -accompanying O -conformational O -changes O -are O -similar O -, O -it O -follows O -that O -the O -conformation O -C O -( O -2 O -' O -) O -endo O -and O -gauche O -- O -gauche O -for O -all O -the O -foregoing O -is O -constrained O -to O -this O -form O -via O -a O -strong O -intramolecular O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bond O -, O -viz O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -effect O -of O -the O -doubly O -ionized O -phosphate B-Chemical -group O -on O -H O -( O -8 O -) O -in O -5 O -' O -- O -araAMP O -shows O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -to O -also O -prefer O -the O -form O -anti O -, O -as O -previously O -demonstrated O -for O -5 O -' O -- O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -PMR O -spectroscopy O -is O -shown O -to O -be O -an O -effective O -method O -for O -following O -sugar O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -dissociation O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fixation O -by O -Rhizobia O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -instance O -, O -NH O -+ O -4 O -was O -found O -to O -repress O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -whereas O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -repressed O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -. O - -aps B-category -Acta O -408 O -, O -101 O -- O -- O -111 O -) O -is O -repressed O -by O -a O -mixture O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -various O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -repress O -nitrogenase O -biosynthesis O -completely O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -these O -conditions O -, O -increased O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -was O -also O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -play O -an O -important O -role O -as O -regulators O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fixation O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1 O -) O -An O -unusual O -accumulation O -of O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -in O -Chromatium O -D O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -marked O -growth O -inhibition O -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -( O -2 O -) O -L O -- O -Isoleucine O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -, O -L O -- O -phyenylalanine O -and O -L O -- O -valine O -( O -Type O -I O -) O -inhibited O -the O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -uptake O -and O -consequently O -prevented O -the O -bacterium O -from O -the O -unusual O -accumulation O -of O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -even O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -in O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Hence O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -putrescine O -would O -be O -explained O -by O -the O -action O -to O -diminish O -the O -intracellular O -level O -of O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -( O -3 O -) O -The O -specific O -activity O -of O -homoserine O -kinase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -1 O -. O -39 O -) O -was O -greatly O -lowered O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -under O -conditions O -in O -which O -Chromatium O -D O -unusually O -accumulates O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenoxyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -facts O -strongly O -suggest O -that O -the O -growth O -inhibition O -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -is O -associated O -with O -the O -L O -- O -threonine O -deficiency O -caused O -by O -the O -unusual O -accumulation O -of O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -studies O -demonstrate O -that O -raising O -the O -medium O -concentration O -of O -K O -+ O -from O -1 O -to O -50 O -mM O -leads O -to O -a O -6 O -- O -fold O -increase O -in O -rate O -of O -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -25 I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -OH I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -2D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -synthesis O -by O -isolated O -chick O -mitochondria O -; O -that O -the O -magnitnitude O -of O -this O -K O -+ O -- O -dependent O -stimulation O -is O -enhaced O -by O -optimal O -concentrations O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -( O -pCa O -= O -5 O -) O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -pPi O -= O -3 O -) O -( O -3 O -mM O -) O -but O -not O -by O -pH O -( O -from O -6 O -. O -8 O -to O -7 O -. O -4 O -) O -; O -that O -the O -effect O -is O -not O -produced O -by O -similar O -changes O -in O -media O -Na O -+ O -concentration O -; O -and O -that O -the O -stimulatory O -effect O -of O -K O -+ O -is O -not O -blocked O -by O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -, O -and O -inhibitor O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -transport O -and O -of O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -stimulation O -of O -mitochondrial O -1 O -, O -25 O -( O -OH O -) O -2D O -- O -3 O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Insulin O -and O -glucagon O -degradation O -by O -rat O -kidney O -homogenates O -and O -subcellular O -fractions O -was O -examined O -under O -a O -variety O -of O -conditions O -including O -high O -and O -low O -substrate O -concentrations O -, O -at O -pH O -4 O -and O -pH O -7 O -, O -with O -and O -without O -glutathione B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -purified O -acid O -- O -thermostable O -RNAases O -from O -human O -spleen O -and O -liver O -hydrlyze O -double O -- O -stranded O -RNA O -at O -least O -20 O -- O -fold O -more O -slowly O -than O -human O -pancreatic O -RNAase O -, O -relative O -to O -the O -corresponding O -rates O -against O -single O -- O -stranded O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -classical O -Kornberger O -- O -Pricer O -procedure O -for O -purification O -of O -potato O -nucleotide B-Chemical -pyrophosphatase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -9 O -) O -has O -been O -modified O -to O -yield O -a O -preparation O -purified O -2500 O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -Activities O -against O -aryl O -esters O -of O -nucleoside B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' O -- O -and O -5 O -' O -- O -phosphates O -, O -and O -NAD O -, O -were O -shown O -to O -be O -due O -to O -the O -same O -protein O -by O -three O -criteria O -: O -( O -a O -) O -constant O -ratio O -of O -activities O -during O -purification O -and O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -( O -b O -) O -identical O -chromatographic O -properties O -in O -various O -systems O -, O -and O -( O -c O -) O -similarities O -in O -pH O -- O -dependence O -, O -heat O -inactivation O -, O -and O -the O -effects O -of O -cations O -and O -other O -substances O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -the O -urea B-Chemical -cleavage O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -allophanate O -- O -hydrolyzing O -activity O -could O -not O -be O -separated O -from O -the O -urea B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cleaving I-Chemical -activity O -using O -common O -methods O -of O -protein O -purification O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reactions O -involved O -in O -urea B-Chemical -cleavage O -can O -be O -distinguished O -from O -one O -another O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -their O -sensitivities O -to O -( O -a O -) O -heat O -, O -( O -b O -) O -pH O -, O -and O -( O -c O -) O -chemical O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Carboxylated O -enzyme O -is O -not O -observed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -1 O -mM O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -- O -Dimethylaminonaphthalene O -- O -1 O -- O -sulfonyl O -fluoride B-Chemical -was O -evaluated O -as O -a O -reagent O -for O -the O -selective O -labeling O -of O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -Dns B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluoride I-Chemical -with O -alpha O -- O -chymotrypsin O -, O -subtilisin O -Carlsberg O -and O -trypsin O -was O -found O -to O -be O -highly O -specific O -, O -resulting O -in O -a O -stoichiometric O -incorporation O -of O -the O -Dns O -label O -with O -concomitant O -loss O -of O -enzymatic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -was O -obtained O -to O -indicate O -that O -reaction O -of O -the O -serine O -esterases O -with O -Dns B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluoride I-Chemical -occurs O -exclusively O -at O -the O -active O -serine O -residue O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemoglobin O -Athens O -- O -Georgia O -, O -or O -alpha O -2 O -beta O -2 O -40 O -( O -C6 O -) O -Arg O -replaced O -by O -Lys O -, O -a O -hemoglobin O -variant O -with O -an O -increased O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemoglobin O -Athens O -- O -Georgia O -has O -an O -increased O -affinity O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -a O -normal O -heme O -- O -heme O -interaction O -and O -a O -normal O -Bohr O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -trichloroacetate O -which O -has O -been O -reported O -previously O -to O -be O -an O -effective O -denaturation O -reagent O -for O -proteins O -was O -applied O -to O -poly O -( O -L O -- O -lysine O -) O -and O -poly O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -) O -to O -see O -its O -effects O -on O -a O -coil O -- O -to O -- O -helix O -transition O -and O -on O -the O -chemical O -reactivities O -of O -the O -xi B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -of O -poly O -( O -L O -- O -lysine O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -little O -effect O -was O -observed O -on O -the O -coil O -- O -to O -- O -helix O -transition O -of O -poly O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -trichloroacetate O -inhibited O -the O -reaction O -of O -the O -xi B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -with O -this O -reagent O -, O -while O -sodium B-Chemical -trichloroacetate O -enhanced O -slightly O -the O -reaction O -of O -the O -xi B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -of O -poly O -( O -L O -- O -lysine O -) O -with O -diazonium O -- O -1 O -- O -H O -- O -tetrazole O -carrying O -a O -positive O -charge O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -lysyl O -oxidase O -which O -catalyses O -the O -aldehyde B-Chemical -formation O -in O -certain O -lysyl O -residues O -of O -collagen O -and O -elastin O -was O -extracted O -from O -the O -skin O -of O -hypophysectomized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -in O -absorption O -at O -610 O -nm O -is O -ascribed O -to O -the O -disruption O -of O -one O -type O -I O -Cu O -- O -S O -( O -cysteine B-Chemical -) O -bond O -owing O -presumably O -to O -the O -changes O -induced O -by O -anions O -in O -the O -protein O -secondary O -structure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -30 O -000 O -dalton O -fraction O -( O -B O -) O -was O -purified O -72 O -- O -fold O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -, O -gel O -filtration O -and O -preparative O -disc O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Analytical O -disc O -gel O -electrophoresis O -showed O -one O -protein O -band O -with O -high O -anodal O -mobility O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -5 O -, O -which O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -proteolytic O -enzymes O -but O -was O -removed O -by O -phenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Amino O -acid O -analysis O -showed O -a O -preponderance O -of O -aspartic O -and O -glutamic O -acids O -and O -relatively O -large O -amounts O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -proline O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -valine O -and O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -peptides O -containing O -tyrosine B-Chemical -were O -converted O -to O -the O -3 O -- O -aminotyrosyl O -peptides O -by O -nitration O -with O -tetranitromethane O -and O -subseuqent O -reduction O -of O -the O -nitro O -groups O -to O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -19F O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -spectroscopy O -has O -been O -used O -to O -study O -the O -effects O -of O -salts O -and O -denaturants O -on O -the O -structure O -and O -aggregation O -properties O -of O -several O -trifluoroacetyl B-Chemical -derivatives O -of O -insulin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -perturbants O -the O -trifluoroacetyl B-Chemical -group O -on O -glycine B-Chemical -A O -- O -1 O -showed O -considerably O -more O -motional O -freedom O -than O -on O -phenylalanine O -B O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggested O -differential O -alterations O -in O -the O -environments O -of O -the O -probes O -located O -at O -glycine B-Chemical -A O -- O -1 O -, O -phenylalanine O -B O -- O -1 O -, O -and O -lysine O -B O -- O -29 O -in O -the O -insulin O -molecule O -as O -the O -concentration O -of O -perturbant O -was O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -activities O -were O -competitively O -inhibited O -by O -ADP O -and O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cholinephosphate O -cytidylyltransferase O -( O -CTP O -: O -cholinephosphate O -cytidylyltransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -7 O -. O -15 O -) O -is O -located O -in O -both O -the O -microsomal O -and O -supernatant O -fractions O -of O -adult O -lung O -when O -the O -tissue O -is O -homogenized O -in O -0 O -. O -145 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -portacaval O -anastomosis O -on O -the O -activities O -of O -hepatic O -enzymes O -related O -to O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Portacaval O -anastomosis O -led O -to O -a O -fall O -in O -body O -weight O -and O -liver O -weight O -/ O -body O -weight O -ratio O -, O -and O -to O -a O -rise O -in O -the O -activities O -of O -hydroxymethylglutaryl O -- O -CoA O -reductase O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -7alpha O -- O -hydroxylase O -per O -g O -of O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Transplantable O -mouse O -melanomas O -possess O -a O -melanotropin O -- O -sensitive O -adenylate O -cyclase O -system O -which O -is O -responsive O -to O -alpha O -- O -melanotropin O -, O -beta O -- O -melanotropin O -, O -adrenocorticotropin O -( O -ACTH B-Chemical -) O -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -significance O -of O -the O -sensitivity O -to O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -is O -obscure O -at O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -" O -soluble O -" O -fraction O -was O -not O -responsive O -to O -melanotropin O -, O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -and O -NaF O -and O -might O -be O -a O -degradative O -product O -produced O -by O -the O -fractionation O -. O - -aps B-category -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Propranolol I-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -with O -non O -- O -specific O -membrane O -effects O -, O -partially O -inhibited O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -diethoxycarbonyl O -- O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydrocollidine O -- O -induced O -delta O -- O -aminolevulinate O -synthetase O -activity O -both O -in O -rats O -and O -in O -chick O -embryo O -liver O -cells O -in O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cultured O -chick O -embryo O -liver O -cells O -treated O -with O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -diethoxycarbonyl O -- O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydrocollidine O -, O -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -decreased O -accumulation O -of O -porphyrins O -in O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Pindolol O -, O -practolol O -and O -lidocaine B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -induction O -was O -partially O -inhibited O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -inhibited O -induction O -was O -further O -decreased O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Methylene O -blue O -immobilized O -on O -porous O -glass O -beads O -was O -used O -to O -catalyze O -the O -photooxidation O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -alone O -and O -the O -methionine B-Chemical -residues O -of O -lysozyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraperitoneal O -administration O -to O -rats O -of O -D O -- O -or O -DL O -- O -alpha O -- O -hydrazinoimidazolylpropionic O -acid O -was O -found O -to O -produce O -a O -substantial O -inactivation O -of O -hepatic O -histidine O -ammonia B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lyase I-Chemical -( O -EC O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -) O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -L O -- O -histidine O -clearance O -following O -loading O -with O -this O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -similarly O -affected O -by O -these O -treatments O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -demonstrate O -that O -histidine O -ammonia B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lyase I-Chemical -is O -the O -rate O -- O -limiting O -factor O -in O -L O -- O -histidine O -degradation O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Dansyl O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -at O -low O -molar O -ratio O -, O -inactivates O -ferredoxin O -- O -NADP O -reductase O -( O -NADPH B-Chemical -: O -ferredoxin O -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -6 O -. O -7 O -. O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -with O -[ O -Me O -- O -14C O -] O -dansyl O -chloride B-Chemical -showed O -that O -about O -1 O -. O -5 O -residues O -per O -flavin O -were O -dansylated O -: O -by O -differential O -labelling O -experiments O -using O -NADP O -, O -it O -has O -been O -proved O -that O -enzyme O -inactivation O -is O -due O -to O -dansylation O -of O -one O -residue O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -loss O -of O -catalytic O -activity O -which O -parallels O -the O -dansylation O -of O -a O -lysyl O -residue O -occurs O -because O -this O -residue O -is O -essential O -for O -the O -binding O -of O -the O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -testitified O -by O -the O -competitive O -character O -of O -inhibition O -of O -beta O -- O -glucosidase O -component O -B O -by O -compounds O -I O -- O -VI O -at O -the O -early O -period O -and O -by O -the O -protection O -of O -the O -enzyme O -from O -inactivation O -by O -its O -competitive O -inhibitors O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -and O -1 O -, O -5 O -- O -D O -- O -gluconolactone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymes O -were O -essentially O -of O -the O -same O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -and O -immunologically O -cross O -- O -reacted O -with O -each O -other O -. O - -aps B-category -Steady O -- O -state O -studies O -of O -the O -actin O -- O -activated O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -activity O -of O -myosin O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -reported O -earlier O -, O -under O -ordinary O -assay O -conditions O -( O -1 O -. O -0 O -mM O -ATP O -, O -5 O -mM O -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -30 O -degrees O -C O -, O -10 O -min O -incubation O -) O -the O -enzyme O -was O -activated O -6 O -- O -fold O -by O -epinephrine B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -GTP O -analog O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -guanylyl O -- O -imidodiphosphate O -[ O -GMP O -- O -P O -( O -NH O -) O -P O -] O -( O -Cooper O -, O -B O -. O -et O -al O -. O - -aps B-category -Augmentation O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -effect O -by O -GMP O -- O -P O -( O -NH O -) O -P O -, O -which O -also O -proceeded O -after O -a O -brief O -( O -2 O -min O -) O -lag O -period O -, O -was O -noted O -over O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -substrate O -( O -ATP O -) O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Occasionally O -a O -slight O -stimulatory O -effect O -on O -epinephrine B-Chemical -action O -was O -seen O -with O -GTP O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -fat O -cell O -adenylate O -cyclase O -of O -adults O -was O -insensitive O -to O -ACTH B-Chemical -and O -glucagon O -even O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -GMP O -- O -P O -( O -NH O -) O -P O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -erythrocyte O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -from O -the O -results O -of O -purification O -, O -electrofocusing O -and O -inhibition O -studies O -that O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -is O -a O -single O -enzyme O -which O -used O -both O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -NADH O -as O -hydrogen B-Chemical -donors O -. O - -aps B-category -Dimerization O -of O -the O -enzyme O -occurs O -if O -the O -single O -thiol B-Chemical -group O -is O -not O -masked O -before O -the O -tetranitromethane O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Tris O -, O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -- O -alpha O -- O -D O -- O -xylopyranoside O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -glucono O -- O -delta O -- O -lactone O -blocked O -competitively O -the O -enzyme O -with O -respect O -to O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -- O -alpha O -- O -D O -- O -glucopyranoside O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -reagents O -nor O -serine O -protease O -inhibitors O -affected O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -12 O -tryptophan B-Chemical -and O -12 O -half O -- O -cystine O -residues O -were O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanistic O -studies O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -studies O -show O -that O -substrates O -( O -except O -for O -NH3 O -and O -NH2OH O -which O -are O -not O -reported O -here O -) O -can O -bind O -to O -the O -enzyme O -in O -a O -random O -manner O -and O -that O -binding O -of O -the O -ATP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -, O -ADP O -- O -Pi O -or O -ADP O -- O -arsenate O -pairs O -is O -strongly O -synergistic O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -the O -reverse O -biosynthetic O -reaction O -and O -results O -of O -fluorescent O -titration O -experiments O -suggest O -that O -both O -arsenate O -and O -orthophosphate O -bind O -at O -a O -site O -which O -overlaps O -the O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -site O -of O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reversibility O -of O -180 O -transfer O -between O -orthophosphate O -and O -gamma O -- O -acyl O -group O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -was O -confirmed O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymic O -studies O -performed O -with O -chemically O -modified O -yeast O -hexokinase O -( O -ATP O -: O -D O -- O -hexose O -- O -6 O -- O -phosphotransferase O -) O -confirm O -previous O -results O -indicating O -that O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -, O -imidazol O -and O -most O -of O -the O -reactive O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -do O -not O -seem O -to O -be O -directly O -implicated O -in O -the O -enzyme O -active O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -increase O -must O -be O -related O -to O -some O -reorganization O -of O -the O -enzyme O -active O -site O -in O -presence O -of O -the O -effectors O -, O -since O -the O -same O -effect O -was O -observed O -when O -hexokinase O -was O -denatured O -with O -3M O -urea B-Chemical -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Structural O -modifications O -of O -the O -scorpion O -haemocyanin O -induced O -by O -pH O -variations O -and O -salt B-Chemical -addition O -are O -studied O -by O -U O -. O -V O -. O - -aps B-category -Deoxygenation O -or O -denaturation O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -fourfold O -enhancement O -of O -its O -intensity O -. O - -aps B-category -But O -pH O -variations O -and O -salt B-Chemical -addition O -don O -' O -t O -change O -the O -haemocyanin O -secondary O -structure O -as O -shown O -by O -circular O -dichroism O -. O - -aps B-category -Near O -- O -term O -rat O -fetuses O -in O -utero O -are O -acidotic O -and O -hypoxic O -, O -and O -have O -high O -levels O -of O -total O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Between O -1 O -and O -4 O -h O -following O -birth O -, O -respiratory O -gases O -vary O -little O -, O -whereas O -pH O -continues O -to O -rise O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -further O -declines O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -later O -decline O -in O -circulating O -calcium B-Chemical -is O -independent O -of O -alterations O -in O -respiratory O -gases O -and O -relates O -directly O -to O -the O -final O -correction O -of O -neonatal O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -observations O -with O -indirect O -techniques O -in O -the O -same O -species O -, O -direct O -measurement O -of O -the O -incorporation O -of O -isotopic O -precursors O -( O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -choline I-Chemical -and O -14C O -- O -ethanolamine O -) O -into O -lecithin O -indicated O -that O -pathway O -I O -predominates O -by O -100 O -- O -fold O -over O -PE O -methylation O -in O -pulmonary O -lecithin O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -choline B-Chemical -pathway O -is O -the O -major O -mechanism O -of O -lung O -lecithin O -synthesis O -in O -fetal O -primates O -and O -that O -this O -pathway O -is O -pH O -sensitive O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -types O -of O -proteinoid O -yielded O -microspheres O -under O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -, O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -, O -methane O -, O -hydrogen B-Chemical -sulfide O -, O -hydrogen B-Chemical -, O -nitrogen B-Chemical -, O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -( O -tested O -separately O -) O -and O -also O -under O -nitrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -atmospheres O -; O -higher O -proportions O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -resulted O -in O -fewer O -spheres O -from O -basic O -proteinoid O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -acriflavin O -- O -Sepharose O -preparations O -function O -as O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -oxidizing O -agents O -in O -a O -number O -of O -different O -dehydrogenase O -systems O -including O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -LDH O -) O -, O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -ADH O -) O -, O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -MDH O -) O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -alaDH O -) O -, O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -GDH O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Ribonuclease O -activity O -in O -preparations O -of O -human O -leukocyte O -interferon B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -substances O -studied O -for O -their O -effect O -on O -the O -RNA O -- O -ase O -activity O -in O -human O -interferon B-Chemical -preparations O -showed O -many O -of O -them O -to O -act O -on O -the O -enzyme O -in O -the O -same O -way O -as O -on O -other O -ribonucleases O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -A O -dual O -action O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -H2antagonist O -, O -on O -the O -oxyntic O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -atenolol B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -during O -insulin O -- O -induced O -hypoglycaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intensity O -of O -induced O -hypoglycaemia O -was O -identical O -for O -atenolol B-Chemical -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -and O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -and O -acebutolol O -on O -insulin O -- O -induced O -hypoglycaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -not O -significant O -difference O -between O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -which O -both O -potentiated O -the O -initial O -hypoglycaemic O -action O -of O -the O -insulin O -and O -delayed O -the O -return O -to O -normoglycaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -on O -ventilatory O -and O -cardiac O -function O -of O -atenolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -cardioselective O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agent O -, O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -practolol O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -in O -12 O -patients O -with O -asthma O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -drug O -interfered O -significantly O -with O -the O -bronchodilator O -response O -to O -inhaled O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Light O -- O -evoked O -release O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -from O -cat O -and O -rabbit O -retina O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -site O -of O -uptake O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -glycine B-Chemical -into O -retina O -was O -checked O -by O -autoradiography O -and O -was O -found O -to O -be O -almost O -exclusively O -in O -a O -type O -of O -amacrine O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Chromatographic O -experiments O -showed O -that O -the O -main O -part O -of O -the O -radioactivity O -released O -by O -light O -was O -glycine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -results O -, O -that O -light O -stimulation O -will O -release O -glycine B-Chemical -from O -the O -retina O -both O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -, O -are O -further O -criterion O -for O -it O -as O -neurotransmitter O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -14C O -] O -estrone O -( O -600 O -ng O -) O -was O -incubated O -with O -0 O -. O -5 O -ml O -erythrocytes O -plus O -0 O -. O -5 O -ml O -of O -Krebs O -- O -Ringer O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -, O -for O -2 O -h O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -in O -an O -atmosphere O -of O -air O -. O - -aps B-category -Approximately O -20 O -% O -and O -2 O -% O -of O -added O -estrone O -were O -converted O -to O -17beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -and O -17 O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonists O -( O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -pronethalol O -, O -alprenolol O -, O -isopropylmethoxamine O -, O -H O -35 O -/ O -25 O -, O -sotalol B-Chemical -and O -practolol O -) O -on O -isotonic O -contractile O -responses O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -was O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enhancement O -of O -responses O -to O -NE O -was O -considerably O -greater O -at O -low O -concentrations O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -mM O -) O -than O -at O -high O -( O -8 O -mM O -) O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Cumulative O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -showed O -no O -increase O -in O -maximum O -responses O -although O -responses O -to O -low O -concentrations O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -were O -augmented O -by O -sotalol B-Chemical -and O -practolol O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -administration O -of O -aminotriazole O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -g O -/ O -kg O -food O -) O -to O -rats O -was O -accompanied O -by O -a O -reduced O -responsiveness O -to O -acute O -administration O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonist O -, O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isoproterenol I-Chemical -( O -50 O -- O -100 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -, O -sc O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -increase O -in O -tail O -skin O -temperature O -accompanying O -administration O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -sc O -) O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -in O -the O -hypothyroid O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -in O -normal O -and O -chronic O -salt B-Chemical -retaining O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -normal O -dogs O -urinary O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -increased O -significantly O -from O -265 O -+ O -/ O -56 O -( O -SEM O -) O -to O -370 O -+ O -/ O -65 O -muequiv O -. O -/ O -min O -, O -whereas O -no O -increase O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -was O -noted O -in O -either O -caval O -dogs O -or O -salt B-Chemical -depleted O -animals O -after O -PBA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absence O -of O -any O -effect O -in O -chronic O -caval O -or O -salt B-Chemical -depleted O -dogs O -suggests O -that O -increased O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -activity O -does O -not O -play O -a O -significant O -role O -in O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -retention O -of O -these O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -output O -of O -Na O -+ O -and O -K O -+ O -, O -and O -volume O -of O -urine O -have O -been O -studied O -in O -conscious O -, O -unrestrained O -, O -water O -- O -loaded O -male O -rats O -following O -the O -intraseptal O -injection O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -alpha O -blocker O -( O -dibenamine O -) O -, O -injected O -intraseptally O -before O -NA O -, O -showed O -an O -inhibitory O -effect O -while O -a O -beta O -blocker O -( O -propranolol B-Chemical -) O -yielded O -a O -potentiation O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Lidocaine B-Chemical -, O -which O -inhibits O -the O -re O -- O -uptake O -of O -NA O -, O -showed O -an O -enhancement O -of O -the O -natriuretic O -and O -kaliuretic O -effect O -of O -NA O -, O -and O -the O -same O -effect O -was O -observed O -when O -the O -enzymatic O -destruction O -of O -NA O -was O -prevented O -by O -nialamide O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -monoaminoxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Serotonin B-Chemical -had O -no O -action O -on O -natriuresis O -, O -kaliuresis O -and O -diuresis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rats O -treated O -with O -either O -DOCA B-Chemical -alone O -or O -1 O -% O -NaCl B-Chemical -alone O -there O -was O -no O -significant O -increase O -in O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -( O -SBP O -) O -or O -COP O -relative O -to O -the O -corresponding O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -DOCA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NaCl I-Chemical -hypertensive O -rats O -but O -not O -in O -renovascular O -hypertensives O -, O -nor O -in O -rats O -treated O -with O -DOCA B-Chemical -alone O -or O -1 O -% O -NaCl B-Chemical -alone O -, O -the O -increase O -in O -COP O -for O -a O -given O -increment O -in O -dose O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -or O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -greater O -than O -in O -the O -control O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -on O -cyclic O -- O -AMP O -metabolism O -in O -rat O -ventral O -prostate O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -ip O -) O -resulted O -in O -rapid O -elevation O -of O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -( O -119 O -% O -) O -and O -cyclic O -- O -AMP O -levels O -( O -593 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increases O -in O -prostatic O -adenylate O -cyclase O -and O -cyclic O -- O -AMP O -also O -were O -related O -to O -the O -dose O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -administered O -and O -maximal O -enhancement O -of O -these O -parameters O -was O -seen O -with O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -dose O -of O -the O -agonist O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -prostatic O -soluble O -protein O -kinase O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -a O -decrease O -( O -33 O -% O -) O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -cyclic O -- O -AMP O -- O -dependent O -protein O -kinase O -with O -a O -concomitant O -increase O -( O -25 O -% O -) O -in O -that O -of O -the O -independent O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -propranolol B-Chemical -alone O -had O -little O -or O -no O -effect O -on O -these O -parameters O -, O -it O -inhibited O -partially O -the O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -alterations O -in O -cyclic O -- O -AMP O -- O -dependent O -protein O -kinase O -and O -the O -cyclic O -- O -AMP O -binding O -capacity O -. O - -aps B-category -Epinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hepatic O -potassium B-Chemical -movements O -before O -and O -after O -adrenergic O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -epinephrine B-Chemical -was O -administered O -intraportally O -, O -neither O -alpha O -- O -nor O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -, O -singly O -or O -in O -combination O -, O -had O -significant O -effects O -upon O -the O -hyperkalemic O -or O -the O -hypokalemic O -phases O -in O -either O -hepatic O -venous O -or O -systemic O -arterial O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -Blockade O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contractions O -of O -guinea O -pig O -ielum O -by O -beta O -- O -haloalkylamines O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -thiosulfate O -in O -the O -wash O -fluid O -the O -parallel O -shift O -whith O -retention O -of O -maximum O -response O -increases O -to O -about O -2 O -log O -units O -, O -and O -a O -similar O -value O -is O -obtained O -for O -Nethyl O -- O -N O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -bromoethyl O -) O -- O -1 O -- O -naphthylamine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -well O -- O -known O -of O -the O -neurotransmitters O -are O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -, O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -evidence O -for O -the O -release O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -substances O -, O -mainly O -of O -the O -E O -type O -, O -into O -the O -venous O -outflow O -from O -working O -skeletal O -muscles O -in O -the O -dog O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -release O -occurred O -during O -and O -after O -muscular O -work O -, O -was O -abolished O -by O -indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -and O -was O -not O -present O -in O -gallamine O -- O -treated O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Ribosomal O -RNA O -synthesis O -, O -as O -well O -as O -its O -inhibition O -by O -ppGpp O -, O -are O -critically O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -By O -using O -the O -initiation O -inhibitor O -rifampicin B-Chemical -, O -we O -could O -show O -that O -the O -specific O -inhibition O -of O -rRNA O -synthesis O -by O -ppGpp O -is O -due O -to O -its O -effect O -on O -rRNA O -initiation O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -on O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -GS O -) O -activity O -of O -hepatoma O -tissue O -culture O -( O -HTC O -) O -cells O -were O -studied O -with O -the O -aid O -of O -a O -specific O -goat O -anti O -- O -rat O -GS O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -prolonged O -incubation O -of O -cells O -in O -high O -glutamine B-Chemical -, O -there O -is O -net O -degradation O -of O -GS O -to O -form O -immunologically O -inactive O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -gp71 O -to O -murine O -cells O -is O -enhanced O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -and O -low O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -cross O -- O -links O -in O -these O -molecules O -was O -suggested O -by O -the O -observation O -that O -the O -apparent O -Mn O -in O -alkali B-Chemical -was O -greater O -than O -expected O -for O -separated O -single O -strands O -. O - -aps B-category -Deoxyribonuclease O -II O -was O -shown O -to O -produce O -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -termini O -under O -both O -acid O -and O -neutral O -conditions O -and O -thus O -, O -irrespective O -of O -the O -ionic O -conditions O -for O -the O -action O -of O -this O -enzyme O -in O -vivo O -the O -effects O -demonstrated O -here O -are O -of O -potential O -significance O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -conducted O -on O -228 O -diabetic O -patients O -has O -shown O -a O -significant O -positive O -association O -between O -serum O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -( O -GGT O -) O -and O -triglyceride B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -myosin O -from O -thyrotoxic O -animals O -( O -myosin O -- O -T O -) O -exhibits O -elevated O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -ATPase O -activity O -which O -is O -resistant O -to O -further O -stimulation O -by O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -modification O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Ca2 O -+ O -saturation O -, O -pH O -, O -and O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependency I-Chemical -curves O -for O -the O -ATPase O -activity O -of O -myosin O -- O -T O -were O -parallel O -to O -the O -curves O -for O -myosin O -- O -N O -and O -differed O -from O -those O -for O -the O -NEM O -- O -modified O -myosins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -electrophoretic O -pattern O -of O -light O -chains O -from O -myosin O -- O -T O -and O -myosin O -- O -N O -was O -the O -same O -in O -polyacrylamide O -gels O -containing O -either O -8 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -6 O -or O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -Reverse O -- O -phase O -chromatography O -of O -polar O -biological O -substances O -: O -separation O -of O -catechol B-Chemical -compounds O -by O -high O -- O -performance O -liquid O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -IFCC O -method O -for O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -Activators O -and O -inhibitors O -studied O -included O -the O -chloride B-Chemical -salts O -of O -Na O -+ O -, O -K O -+ O -, O -Zn2 O -+ O -, O -Ca2 O -+ O -, O -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -Hg2 O -+ O -, O -and O -Fe2 O -+ O -as O -well O -as O -p O -- O -chloromercuriphenysulfonate O -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -, O -BAL O -, O -EDTA O -, O -EGTA O -, O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -taurocholate O -. O - -aps B-category -Bilateral O -adrenalectomy O -reduced O -the O -activity O -of O -hepatic O -enzymes O -regulating O -lipogenesis O -( O -acetyl O -CoA O -carboxylase O -, O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -) O -and O -decreased O -plasma O -triglyceride B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -animals O -with O -intact O -adrenals O -the O -administration O -of O -oestradiol O -: O -( O -a O -) O -raised O -plasma O -triglyceride B-Chemical -levels O -, O -( O -b O -) O -enhanced O -the O -activity O -of O -hepatic O -enzymes O -, O -and O -( O -c O -) O -increased O -the O -adrenal O -cortex O -: O -body O -weight O -ratio O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -dosage O -corticosterone B-Chemical -replacement O -was O -found O -to O -be O -essential O -for O -the O -oestradiol O -to O -produce O -its O -effects O -on O -hepatic O -enzymes O -and O -plasma O -triglyceride B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -hybrid O -mice O -treated O -with O -high O -doses O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -70mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -week O -) O -were O -more O -immunosuppressed O -than O -mice O -with O -graft O -- O -versus O -- O -host O -reactions O -and O -had O -even O -greater O -survival O -times O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -propanolol B-Chemical -( O -320 O -mg O -per O -day O -for O -3 O -wk O -) O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -The O -baseline O -pressure O -was O -reduced O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -appearance O -, O -peak O -, O -and O -disappearance O -time O -of O -the O -circulatory O -reaction O -to O -either O -stimulus O -was O -not O -altered O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -the O -pressor O -effect O -of O -arithmetic O -was O -decreased O -in O -an O -extent O -proportional O -to O -the O -reduced O -rise O -of O -cardiac O -output O -; O -and O -( O -4 O -) O -pressure O -during O -cold O -reached O -the O -pretreatment O -levels O -through O -an O -augmented O -increase O -of O -vascular O -resistance O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -healthy O -male O -subjects O -received O -single O -2 O -- O -mg O -oral O -doses O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -containing O -24 O -muCi O -/ O -mg O -of O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -14C I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lorazepam I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -a O -lag O -time O -, O -lorazepam B-Chemical -was O -absorbed O -with O -an O -apparent O -first O -- O -order O -half O -- O -life O -of O -15 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Biotransformation O -to O -a O -pharmacologically O -inactive O -glucuronide O -metabolite O -appeared O -to O -be O -the O -major O -mechanism O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -clearance O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -age O -on O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -in O -normal O -human O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -P50 O -( O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -at O -50 O -% O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -) O -expressed O -at O -plasma O -pH O -7 O -- O -40 O -and O -PCO2 O -5 O -- O -33 O -kPa O -showed O -a O -positive O -correlation O -with O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracellular O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -activity O -, O -[ O -H O -+ O -] O -i O -, O -was O -extimated O -in O -human O -erythrocytes O -and O -in O -nucleated O -avian O -erythrocytes O -from O -measurements O -of O -the O -distribution O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -and O -5 O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -dimethyloxazolidine O -- O -2 O -, O -4 O -' O -- O -dione O -( O -DMO O -) O -between O -intracellular O -and O -extracellular O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -avian O -erythrocytes O -, O -[ O -H O -+ O -] O -i O -( O -ammonia B-Chemical -) O -was O -consistently O -greater O -than O -[ O -H O -+ O -] O -i O -( O -DMO O -) O -, O -indicating O -significant O -acid O -- O -base O -heterogeneity O -of O -the O -intracellular O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -ultimobranchialectomy O -on O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -concentrations O -of O -serum O -and O -coelomic O -fluid O -in O -bullfrog O -tadpoles O -under O -high O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -high O -sodium B-Chemical -environment O -. O - -aps B-category -Excitation O -- O -contraction O -coupling O -and O -intracellular O -calcium B-Chemical -pool O -in O -the O -penis O -retractor O -muscle O -of O -Helix O -pomatia O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -, O -ethacrynic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -photoxidation O -on O -cation O -and O -water O -balance O -of O -mammalian O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -on O -the O -heart O -and O -on O -branchial O -and O -peripheral O -resistances O -of O -the O -eel O -, O -Anguilla O -anguilla O -( O -L O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -inhibitors O -on O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -by O -four O -species O -of O -Schistosoma O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -quisqualic O -acid O -on O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -receptors O -of O -three O -identifiable O -neurones O -from O -the O -brain O -of O -the O -snail O -, O -Helix O -aspersa O -. O - -aps B-category -Methyldopa B-Chemical -( O -Aldomet B-Chemical -) O -in O -combination O -with O -timolol B-Chemical -( O -Blocadren O -) O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -were O -measured O -in O -24 O -consecutive O -parapneumonic O -effusions O -, O -along O -with O -the O -leukocyte O -count O -, O -leukocytic O -differential O -count O -, O -and O -levels O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -with O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -halothane I-Chemical -in O -a O -nitrogen B-Chemical -atmosphere O -results O -in O -a O -high O -correlation O -between O -the O -formation O -of O -conjugated O -dienes O -and O -the O -binding O -of O -a O -halothane B-Chemical -metabolite O -to O -phospholipids O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -[ O -36Cl O -] O -halothane B-Chemical -and O -[ O -14C O -] O -halothane B-Chemical -showed O -a O -similar O -pattern O -of O -binding O -to O -microsomal O -phospholipids O -suggesting O -that O -the O -chlorine O -atom O -is O -retained O -by O -the O -metabolite O -that O -binds O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -very O -little O -radioactivity O -is O -bound O -in O -these O -organs O -when O -an O -equal O -amount O -of O -the O -14C O -- O -labeled O -oxygen B-Chemical -analog O -of O -ANTU O -, O -14C O -- O -alpha O -- O -naphthylurea O -( O -ANU O -) O -, O -is O -administered O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -microsomes O -with O -ANTU O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -or O -with O -ANU O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -has O -no O -effect O -on O -these O -parameters O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -, O -timolol B-Chemical -, O -appears O -to O -be O -bound O -to O -stereospecific O -as O -well O -as O -nonspecific O -sites O -in O -the O -particulate O -fraction O -( O -8500g O -pellet O -) O -of O -the O -heart O -, O -lungs O -, O -and O -brain O -, O -whereas O -the O -d O -- O -isomer O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -was O -bound O -to O -nonspecific O -sites O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -timolol I-Chemical -in O -the O -particulate O -fraction O -of O -rat O -tissues O -was O -inhibited O -by O -iv O -administered O -timolol B-Chemical -and O -by O -the O -l O -- O -isomer O -of O -propanolol B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -by O -their O -corresponding O -d O -- O -forms O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -heart O -and O -lung O -tissue O -of O -rats O -, O -racemic O -timolol B-Chemical -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -bunolol O -, O -and O -bunitrolol O -were O -approximately O -equally O -effective O -in O -competing O -for O -the O -binding O -sites O -of O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -timolol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -report O -suggests O -that O -the O -stereospecific O -binding O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -may O -be O -related O -to O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -14C O -- O -Cicloprofen O -was O -converted O -to O -its O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -diastereoisomers O -, O -which O -were O -separated O -by O -thin O -- O -layer O -chromatography O -and O -quantified O -by O -measuring O -the O -radioactivity O -in O -the O -area O -corresponding O -to O -each O -individual O -diastereoisomer O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -using O -the O -radiometric O -method O -, O -a O -unique O -biotransformation O -process O -, O -the O -inversion O -of O -the O -( O -- O -) O -- O -enantiomer O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylfluorene I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -to O -its O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -enantiomer O -, O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -in O -the O -rat O -and O -monkey O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -, O -5 O -- O -Bis O -( O -3 O -- O -hydroxyphenyl O -) O -hydantoin O -, O -a O -minor O -metabolite O -of O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -( O -dilantin O -) O -in O -the O -rat O -and O -human O -. O - -aps B-category -Loss O -of O -metabolic O -activity O -resulting O -from O -dialysis O -of O -the O -cytosol O -was O -restored O -with O -glutathione B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Compounds O -known O -to O -serve O -as O -substrates O -for O -various O -GSH O -transferases O -inhibited O -the O -reaction O -as O -did O -those O -capable O -of O -interacting O -with O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -the O -conjugates O -, O -which O -is O -a O -major O -metabolite O -, O -has O -been O -assigned O -a O -unique O -quaternary B-Chemical -ammonium I-Chemical -N O -- O -glucuronide O -structure O -, O -since O -it O -gave O -tripelennamine O -and O -D O -- O -glucuronic O -acid O -on O -incubation O -with O -beta O -- O -glucuronidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -metabolites O -were O -3 O -- O -( O -3 O -- O -chloro O -- O -4 O -- O -hydroxyphenoxy O -) O -- O -N O -- O -methyl O -- O -l O -- O -pyrrolidinecarboxamide O -( O -C O -) O -3 O -- O -( O -3 O -- O -chloro O -- O -4 O -- O -hydroxyphenoxy O -) O -- O -1 O -- O -pyrrolidinecarboxamide O -( O -D O -) O -, O -3 O -- O -( O -3 O -- O -chlorohydroxyphenoxy O -) O -- O -1 O -- O -pyrrolidinecarboxamide O -( O -E O -) O -, O -3 O -- O -( O -3 O -- O -chlorophenoxy O -) O -- O -4 O -( O -[ O -( O -methylamino O -) O -- O -carbonyl O -] O -amino B-Chemical -) O -butanoic O -acid O -( O -G O -) O -, O -3 O -- O -( O -3 O -- O -chlorophenoxy O -) O -- O -4 O -[ O -( O -aminocarbonyl O -) O -amino B-Chemical -] O -butanoic O -acid O -( O -H O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vivo O -formation O -of O -the O -methyl O -ether B-Chemical -represents O -the O -first O -report O -of O -alkylation O -of O -a O -tertiary O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -thin O -- O -layer O -chromatographic O -procedure O -is O -described O -for O -the O -quantitative O -determination O -of O -phenacetin B-Chemical -and O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -in O -rat O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -3 O -- O -MC O -decreased O -the O -plasma O -half O -- O -life O -of O -phenacetin B-Chemical -, O -after O -iv O -administration O -, O -from O -28 O -min O -to O -4 O -. O -5 O -min O -and O -reduced O -the O -systemic O -bioavailability O -of O -phenacetin B-Chemical -, O -after O -oral O -administration O -, O -from O -45 O -% O -in O -control O -rats O -to O -6 O -% O -in O -3 O -- O -MC O -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -dose O -on O -the O -biliary O -excretion O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -metabolites O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -administration O -of O -the O -0 O -. O -08 O -- O -and O -1 O -. O -0 O -- O -mg O -/ O -kg O -doses O -of O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methadone I-Chemical -there O -was O -no O -difference O -in O -the O -percentage O -of O -administered O -14C O -excreted O -into O -bile O -with O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -mechanisms O -could O -be O -responsible O -for O -this O -disproportionate O -increase O -in O -biliary O -excretion O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -metabolites O -after O -high O -doses O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -of O -rats O -with O -PB O -increases O -the O -biliary O -excretion O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -metabolites O -, O -primarily O -by O -increasing O -rates O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Treatment O -of O -hypertrophic O -obstructive O -cardiomyopathy O -with O -verapamil B-Chemical -, O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -antagonist O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -this O -condition O -with O -verapamil B-Chemical -appeared O -to O -be O -superior O -to O -that O -with O -beta O -- O -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -Biological O -activity O -of O -porcine O -calcitonin B-Chemical -was O -most O -actively O -inactivated O -by O -the O -rat O -kidney O -homogenate O -than O -by O -other O -tissue O -homogenates O -. O - -aps B-category -Inactivation O -of O -porcine O -calcitonin B-Chemical -by O -the O -rat O -kidney O -microsome O -was O -dependent O -on O -pH O -and O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -Estimation O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -binding O -capacity O -in O -the O -serum O -with O -hydrophobie O -resin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serum O -was O -incubated O -with O -a O -saturating O -amount O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, O -2 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -H O -at O -15 O -degrees O -C O -, O -unbound O -testosterone B-Chemical -was O -adsorbed O -to O -the O -resin O -and O -the O -3H O -- O -radoiactivity O -remaining O -in O -the O -supernatant O -fluid O -was O -counted O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -were O -measured O -in O -mice O -and O -rats O -following O -a O -whole O -body O -X O -- O -irradiation O -in O -order O -to O -ascertain O -the O -dose O -- O -effect O -relationship O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -submaxillary O -gland O -, O -the O -activities O -of O -arginase O -, O -ornithine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -pyrroline O -- O -5 O -- O -carboxylate O -reductase O -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -were O -high O -, O -but O -no O -ornithine B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -or O -proline O -oxidase O -could O -be O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -Submaxillary O -tumors O -deviated O -from O -their O -cognate O -tissue O -by O -lower O -levels O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -metabolizing O -enzymes O -and O -by O -high O -concentrations O -of O -thymidine B-Chemical -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -of O -femoral O -venous O -[ O -K O -+ O -] O -, O -[ O -H O -+ O -] O -, O -osmolality O -( O -OSM O -) O -, O -PO2 O -, O -and O -[ O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -] O -( O -[ O -Pi O -] O -) O -with O -heart O -rate O -( O -HR O -) O -, O -ventilation O -( O -VE O -) O -, O -and O -calculated O -leg O -blood O -flow O -( O -Q O -) O -were O -investigated O -during O -bicycle O -exercise O -in O -endurance O -trained O -( O -TR O -) O -and O -untrained O -( O -UT O -) O -test O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -hexokinase O -P O -- O -II O -, O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -this O -on O -the O -monomer O -- O -- O -dimer O -association O -- O -- O -dissociation O -reaction O -have O -been O -investigated O -quantitatively O -by O -a O -combination O -of O -titrations O -of O -intrinsic O -protein O -fluorescence O -and O -equilibrium O -ultracentrifugation O -. O - -aps B-category -Saturating O -concentrations O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -did O -not O -bring O -about O -complete O -dissociation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -showing O -that O -both O -sites O -were O -occupired O -in O -the O -dimer O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -intermediate O -conditions O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -, O -ionic O -strength O -= O -0 O -. O -15 O -mol O -1 O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -) O -, O -where O -monomer O -and O -dimer O -coexisted O -, O -the O -binding O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -showed O -weak O -positive O -cooperatively O -( O -Hill O -coefficient O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -; O -in O -addition O -, O -the O -binding O -was O -dependent O -upon O -the O -concentration O -of O -enzyme O -in O -the O -direction O -of O -stronger O -binding O -at O -lower O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -tripeptide O -antibiotics O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylphosphinobutyryl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphinothricyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -) O -and O -L O -- O -( O -N5 O -- O -phosphono O -) O -methionine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -S I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfoximinyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -, O -both O -inhibitors O -of O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -, O -are O -transported O -into O -the O -cell O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -K O -12 O -via O -the O -oligopeptide O -transport O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -tri B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -, O -tetra B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -, O -tri O -- O -L O -- O -lysine O -, O -tri O -- O -L O -- O -serine O -, O -tri B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -, O -glycyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -and O -the O -synthetic O -tripeptide O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azadenyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminohexanoyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( O -7 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -v I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triazolo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ O -4 O -, O -5 O -- O -d O -] O -- O -pyrimidin O -- O -3 O -- O -yl O -) O -hexanoic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -the O -free O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -S I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -seems O -to O -be O -transported O -via O -the O -methionine B-Chemical -transport O -system O -, O -the O -tripeptide O -form O -is O -transported O -via O -the O -oligopeptide O -transport O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -syntheses O -of O -the O -new O -tripeptides O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azaadenylaminohexanoyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -S I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dioxidyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -were O -performed O -by O -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide O -couplings O -of O -the O -unusual O -N O -- O -protected O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -azaadenylaminohexanoic O -acid O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -S I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -to O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tert I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -butyl I-Chemical -ester O -followed O -by O -common O -deprotection O -steps O -. O - -aps B-category -Affinity O -chromatography O -and O -binding O -studies O -on O -immobilized O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -2 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -bisphosphate O -of O -nicotinamide O -nucleotide B-Chemical -transhydrogenase O -from O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -of O -the O -purified O -transhydrogenase O -carried O -out O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -, O -indicated O -a O -minimal O -molecular O -weight O -of O -55000 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Nicotinamide O -nucleotide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -release O -of O -binding O -of O -the O -transhydrogenase O -to O -N6 O -- O -( O -6 O -- O -aminohexyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -bisphosphate O -- O -Sepharose O -and O -N6 O -- O -( O -- O -aminohexyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- O -monophosphate O -- O -Sepharose O -suggests O -the O -presence O -of O -at O -least O -two O -separate O -binding O -sites O -for O -nicotinamide O -nucleotides O -, O -one O -that O -is O -specific O -for O -NADP O -( O -H O -) O -and O -one O -that O -binds O -both O -NAD O -( O -H O -) O -and O -NADP O -( O -H O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -inhibition O -of O -the O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -activated O -enzyme O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -2 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -bisphosphate O -was O -virtually O -constant O -at O -various O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Structural O -investigation O -on O -the O -O O -- O -specific O -polysaccharide O -chain O -of O -Shigella O -dysenteriae O -type O -1 O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -methylation O -analysis O -data O -the O -polysaccharide O -was O -proved O -to O -be O -a O -linear O -chain O -of O -monosaccharide O -residues O -in O -pyranose O -forms O -substituted O -at O -position O -3 O -, O -except O -for O -that O -of O -galactose B-Chemical -substituted O -at O -position O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrophoresis O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -gels O -gave O -a O -single O -band O -corresponding O -to O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -22000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -values O -were O -found O -to O -be O -1 O -. O -1 O -mM O -for O -formaldehyde O -and O -1 O -. O -6 O -mM O -for O -ribulose O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -26 O -cases O -out O -of O -37 O -, O -we O -used O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -( O -Isuprel O -- O -WINTHROP O -) O -to O -open O -the O -peripheral O -vascular O -bed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -association O -of O -blood O -transfusion O -with O -injection O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -in O -adequate O -amounts O -to O -correct O -hypovolemia O -and O -to O -prevent O -vasoconstriction O -, O -is O -undoubtedly O -the O -best O -treatment O -of O -hemorrhagic O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -Though O -the O -rise O -of O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -elicited O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -is O -more O -rapid O -than O -that O -caused O -by O -NE O -, O -the O -maximal O -effect O -is O -less O -than O -half O -of O -that O -induced O -by O -NE O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -an O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -noradrenergic O -terminals O -are O -protected O -from O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -by O -desmethylimipramine B-Chemical -, O -the O -responses O -to O -NE O -are O -not O -enhanced O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -system O -does O -not O -develop O -supersensitivity O -after O -central O -chemosympathectomy O -and O -is O -not O -blocked O -by O -either O -alpha O -- O -or O -beta O -- O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Antipsychotic O -drugs O -do O -, O -however O -, O -not O -affect O -cyclic O -AMP O -responses O -elicited O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -I O -. O -v O -administration O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -and O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -to O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anesthetized I-Chemical -dogs O -produced O -blockade O -of O -cardiac O -beta O -- O -receptors O -and O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -this O -hypotensive O -action O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -was O -not O -associated O -with O -either O -adrenergic O -neruron O -blockade O -or O -changes O -in O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -action O -that O -propranolol B-Chemical -is O -reported O -to O -have O -within O -the O -central O -system O -may O -play O -an O -important O -role O -in O -accounting O -for O -the O -acute O -blood O -pressure O -lowering O -action O -of O -the O -compound O -in O -mongrel O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -selective O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -drugs O -practolol O -and O -atenolol B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -on O -blood O -pressure O -but O -tolamolol O -elicited O -a O -hypotensive O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -phenylephrine B-Chemical -in O -the O -conscious O -cat O -, O -indicating O -that O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptive O -blocking O -activity O -may O -contribute O -to O -its O -hypotensive O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -- O -) O -- O -3 O -/ O -- B-Chemical -Norepinephrine I-Chemical -( O -3H O -- O -NE O -) O -binding O -to O -the O -microsomal O -fraction O -of O -the O -rabbit O -aorta O -has O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -does O -not O -appear O -to O -require O -physiological O -concentrations O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -or O -Mg2 O -+ O -and O -is O -inhibited O -significantly O -by O -EDTA O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -metabisulfite O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -with O -several O -group O -specific O -reagents O -indicate O -that O -binding O -may O -require O -a O -free O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -but O -not O -a O -carboxyl O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -possible O -mechanism O -for O -catecholamine B-Chemical -binding O -to O -free O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -on O -protein O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -Calculated O -pA2 O -values O -for O -phentolamine B-Chemical -against O -both O -DMDA O -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -in O -isolated O -rabbit O -arteries O -were O -in O -close O -agreement O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -isolated O -rat O -uterus O -, O -mescaline O -induces O -contractions O -that O -are O -notably O -antagonized O -by O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -by O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -stimulants O -and O -certain O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -as O -well O -as O -by O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -and O -methysergide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hypothalamic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -activity O -of O -castrate O -rats O -is O -modulated O -by O -testosterone B-Chemical -propionate I-Chemical -( O -TP O -) O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -and O -orciprenaline B-Chemical -produced O -a O -sudden O -increase O -in O -tonus O -and O -in O -the O -size O -and O -frequency O -of O -epididymal O -contractions O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -alprenolol O -( O -a O -beta O -- O -blocker O -agent O -) O -inhibited O -the O -effects O -of O -orciprenaline B-Chemical -but O -did O -not O -block O -the O -effects O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylcholine O -produced O -effects O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -carbenoxolone O -preparation O -had O -a O -significant O -effect O -on O -aspirin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -H O -+ O -back O -- O -diffusion O -or O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -stanniectomy O -on O -calcium B-Chemical -activated O -adenosinetriphosphatase O -activity O -in O -the O -gills O -of O -fresh O -water O -adapted O -North O -American O -eels O -, O -Anguilla O -rostrata O -LeSueur O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -3 O -to O -4 O -weeks O -treatment O -the O -concentration O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -tryglicerides O -in O -the O -serum O -decreased O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -endogenous O -and O -exogenous O -secretin O -on O -fasting O -plasma O -insulin O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -peripheral O -venous O -blood O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -experiments O -with O -intragastric O -instillation O -of O -300 O -ml O -of O -isotonic O -saline O -did O -not O -influence O -the O -plasma O -concentration O -of O -secretin O -, O -insulin O -or O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Chlorothiazide O -( O -CTZ O -) O -and O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -albumin I-Chemical -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Partially O -purified O -calf O -brain O -uridine B-Chemical -kinase O -precipitated O -by O -bivalent O -metal O -cations O -has O -been O -compared O -with O -the O -soluble O -enzyme O -fraction O -regarding O -its O -stability O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -inactivating O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -metal O -- O -insolubilized O -enzymes O -disappears O -during O -their O -preincubation O -in O -acidic O -media O -or O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -silver B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -unheated O -metal O -- O -ion O -precipitated O -uridine B-Chemical -kinase O -preparations O -and O -those O -heated O -at O -100 O -degrees O -C O -are O -equally O -sensitive O -to O -the O -feedback O -inhibition O -by O -CTP O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -are O -incubated O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -2 O -- O -hydroxyestradiol O -- O -17beta O -in O -vitro O -, O -the O -following O -is O -observed O -: O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxins O -from O -Condylactis O -aurantiaca O -all O -contain O -between O -49 O -and O -51 O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrolysis O -- O -resynthesis O -equilibrium O -of O -the O -lysine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -15 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -16 I-Chemical -peptide O -bond O -in O -bovine O -trypsin O -inhibitor O -( O -Kunitz O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Zn2 O -+ O -requiring O -NADP O -- O -dependent O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Bacillus O -cereus O -T O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -we O -have O -investigated O -the O -biological O -effects O -on O -thymus O -lymphocytes O -resulting O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -( O -LPS O -) O -treatment O -in O -young O -adult O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Monoamine O -oxidase O -in O -thyroid O -gland O -of O -rats O -: O -effect O -of O -neurohumors O -, O -thyroxine B-Chemical -, O -carbimazole B-Chemical -, O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockers O -& O -amp O -; O -MAO O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Location O -, O -properties O -and O -inhibition O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -, O -zinc B-Chemical -sulfate O -and O -EDTA O -. O - -aps B-category -Lack O -of O -effects O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -on O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -turnover O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -of O -the O -rat O -vas O -deferens O -and O -epididymis O -. O - -aps B-category -Androgen O -treatment O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -levels O -, O -uptake O -or O -efflux O -of O -NE O -nor O -modified O -the O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -the O -vas O -deferens O -and O -epididymis O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -short O -adrenergic O -neurons O -of O -male O -genital O -tract O -are O -relatively O -insensitive O -to O -androgens B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Placement O -of O -two O -1 O -cm O -copper B-Chemical -( O -Cu O -) O -coils O -around O -the O -mid O -- O -region O -of O -each O -oviduct O -in O -a O -group O -of O -five O -female O -rabbits O -with O -proven O -fertility O -, O -34 O -days O -before O -mating O -, O -virtually O -prevented O -fetal O -implantation O -in O -these O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -Hyamine O -2389 O -, O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -, O -Nadeoxycholate O -, O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -hypertonic O -KCl O -and O -MgCl2 O -as O -well O -as O -freezing O -and O -thawing O -and O -sonication O -were O -studied O -on O -the O -solubilization O -of O -acrosin O -from O -washed O -bull O -spermatozoa O -, O -from O -Hyamine O -- O -pretreated O -spermatozoa O -( O -devoid O -of O -cell O -and O -outer O -acrosome O -membrane O -and O -of O -acrosomal O -material O -) O -and O -from O -isolated O -acrosomal O -caps O -and O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -F1 O -alpha O -and O -F2 O -alpha O -on O -spermatogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -F1 O -alpha O -and O -F2 O -alpha O -subcutaneously O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -once O -a O -day O -for O -15 O -days O -produced O -a O -pronounced O -decrease O -in O -spermatogenesis O -primarily O -during O -the O -meiotic O -phase O -as O -reflected O -by O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -stage O -7 O -spermatids O -as O -compared O -to O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Accessory O -reproductive O -gland O -weights O -also O -appeared O -to O -be O -reduced O -by O -the O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -, O -although O -not O -consistently O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -effect O -of O -PGF1 O -alpha O -and O -PGF2 B-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -were O -compared O -to O -those O -of O -PGE1 B-Chemical -and O -PGE2 B-Chemical -it O -was O -found O -that O -PGE2 B-Chemical -produced O -the O -strongest O -suppression O -, O -with O -PGF2 B-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -, O -PGE1 B-Chemical -and O -PGF1 O -following O -in O -decreasing O -order O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -postulated O -that O -the O -release O -and O -synthesis O -of O -FSH O -and O -LH O -is O -mediated O -by O -an O -interaction O -between O -sex O -steroids B-Chemical -and O -hypothalamic O -LH O -- O -RH O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -observation O -can O -be O -attributed O -to O -the O -presence O -of O -increased O -numbers O -of O -exfoliated O -cells O -from O -the O -oral O -mucosa O -resulting O -from O -the O -pre O -- O -ovulatory O -estrogen B-Chemical -stimulus O -to O -cell O -proliferation O -. O - -aps B-category -Molecular O -distribution O -of O -trace O -metals O -in O -the O -normal O -and O -in O -the O -copper B-Chemical -treated O -human O -secretory O -endometrium O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -basal O -conditions O -it O -was O -found O -that O -while O -copper B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -existed O -bound O -and O -unbound O -in O -nearly O -equal O -proportions O -, O -zinc B-Chemical -was O -present O -in O -the O -soluble O -fraction O -of O -endometrial O -tissue O -preferentially O -unbound O -( O -70 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -case O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -as O -in O -the O -case O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -the O -main O -differences O -were O -reflected O -in O -the O -amount O -of O -free O -metal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -in O -the O -plasma O -, O -the O -body O -weight O -, O -and O -the O -weight O -of O -the O -testes O -were O -unaffected O -by O -vasectomy O -. O - -aps B-category -Daily O -injections O -of O -either O -2 O -mug O -arginine O -vasotocin O -( O -AVT O -) O -or O -100 O -mug O -melatonin B-Chemical -significantly O -prolonged O -the O -estrous O -cycles O -of O -mature O -female O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -histidine O -residue O -was O -bound O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -together O -with O -a O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increasing O -number O -of O -" O -unusual O -" O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -which O -are O -unstable O -to O -acid O -hydrolysis O -, O -makes O -it O -necessary O -to O -have O -a O -method O -of O -enzymic O -hydrolysis O -applicable O -to O -all O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Recoveries O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -in O -excellent O -agreement O -with O -the O -expected O -content O -from O -the O -known O -sequences O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -model O -in O -which O -tyrosine B-Chemical -acts O -simultaneously O -as O -H O -- O -donor O -( O -Type O -I O -) O -and O -H O -- O -acceptor O -( O -Type O -II O -) O -and O -the O -later O -is O -the O -more O -temperature O -sensitive O -, O -is O -successful O -in O -explaining O -all O -available O -data O -for O -a O -variety O -of O -solute O -derivatives O -and O -solvents O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -acute O -toxicity O -of O -ionic O -and O -non O -- O -ionic O -contrast B-Chemical -media I-Chemical -following O -rapid O -intravenous O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -possible O -mechanisms O -that O -might O -explain O -this O -difference O -, O -with O -special O -interest O -in O -the O -disturbances O -on O -the O -pulmonary O -circulation O -following O -contrast B-Chemical -media I-Chemical -injection O -, O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -amine B-Chemical -oxidases O -have O -been O -partially O -purified O -from O -pig O -aorta O -and O -their O -porperties O -investigated O -: O -one O -is O -similar O -to O -pig O -plasma O -oxidase O -( O -benzylamine O -oxidase O -) O -, O -the O -other O -to O -lysyloxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Ultrastructural O -localization O -of O -acid O -phosphatase O -and O -thiamine B-Chemical -pyrophosphatase O -activities O -and O -of O -phosphotungstic O -staining O -at O -low O -pH O -in O -the O -placental O -labyrinth O -of O -the O -cat O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -phosphotungstic O -acid O -staining O -at O -low O -pH O -, O -luminal B-Chemical -surface O -coat O -of O -maternal O -endothelium O -is O -always O -strongly O -and O -continuously O -visualized O -, O -while O -the O -plasma O -membrane O -of O -the O -syncytiotrophoblast O -facing O -the O -S O -. O -I O -. O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -cytochemical O -measurement O -of O -glyceraldehyde O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -obstacle O -to O -the O -histochemical O -study O -of O -this O -enzyme O -has O -been O -the O -fact O -that O -the O -substrate O -, O -gylceraldehyde O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -is O -very O -unstable O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -characteristics O -of O -the O -dehydrogenase O -activity O -resulting O -from O -the O -addition O -of O -fructose O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphate O -, O -resemble O -closely O -the O -known O -properties O -of O -purified O -glyceraldehyde O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -N O -- O -actylation O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -antibiotics O -- O -synthesis O -of O -1 O -- O -N O -- O -acyl O -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -acylation O -of O -the O -antibiotic O -free O -bases O -which O -results O -in O -preferential O -acylation O -of O -other O -basic O -centres O -in O -the O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -spikes O -are O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -events O -which O -trigger O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -secretory O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanisms O -responsible O -for O -the O -transient O -respiratory O -alkalosis O -which O -follows O -clinical O -hemodialysis O -were O -evaluated O -by O -studying O -the O -ventilatory O -response O -to O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -in O -chronic O -uremic O -patients O -, O -and O -in O -unanesthetized O -normal O -and O -chronic O -uremic O -goats O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggests O -that O -the O -transient O -respiratory O -alkalosis O -following O -hemodialysis O -is O -due O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -ventilatory O -response O -to O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -and O -is O -a O -consequence O -of O -dialysis O -- O -induced O -osmotic O -disequilibrium O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluoride O -, O -iodoacetate O -and O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -abolished O -galactose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -arginine O -- O -energized O -, O -AIB O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Dihydroorotase O -+ O -4 O -, O -5 O -- O -L O -- O -dihydro O -- O -orotate O -amidohydrolase O -[ O -EC O -3 O -. O -5 O -. O -2 O -. O -3 O -] O -) O -, O -which O -catalyzes O -the O -reversible O -cyclization O -of O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbamyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -to O -L O -- O -dihydroorotate O -, O -has O -been O -purified O -from O -orotate O -- O -grown O -Clostridium O -oroticum O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -using O -three O -different O -buffer O -systems O -, O -indicated O -the O -enzyme O -is O -composed O -of O -two O -subunits O -, O -each O -having O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -55 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optima O -for O -the O -conversion O -of O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbamyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -to O -L O -- O -dihydroorotate O -and O -for O -L O -- O -dihydroorotate O -to O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbamyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -are O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -and O -8 O -. O -2 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitor O -studies O -indicate O -that O -zinc B-Chemical -may O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -catalytic O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -individual O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -to O -a O -Trypticase O -- O -yeast O -extract O -- O -hemin O -medium O -affected O -growth O -rates O -and O -final O -yields O -of O -an O -asaccharolytic O -strain O -and O -a O -saccharolytic O -strain O -of O -Bacteroides O -melaninogenicus O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -growth O -of O -the O -saccharolytic O -strain O -was O -inhibited O -by O -L O -- O -lysine O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -, O -L O -- O -isoleucine O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -, O -and O -L O -- O -proline O -; O -growth O -of O -the O -asaccharolytic O -strain O -was O -inhibited O -by O -DL O -- O -valine O -and O -L O -- O -serine O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -of O -five O -of O -the O -enzymes O -of O -the O -common O -pathway O -of O -aromatic O -biosynthesis O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -unaffected O -by O -either O -the O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -the I-Chemical -product O -of O -the O -first O -reaction O -( O -3 O -- O -deoxy O -- O -D O -- O -arabinoheptulosonic O -acid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -) O -or O -the O -product O -of O -the O -last O -reaction O -( O -chorismate O -) O -- O -- O -or O -by O -the O -state O -of O -regulator O -gene O -loci O -tyrR O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -when O -wild O -- O -type O -cells O -were O -grown O -at O -these O -faster O -growth O -rates O -in O -medium O -lacking O -the O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -complete O -derepression O -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inhibitable I-Chemical -3 O -- O -deoxy O -- O -D O -- O -arabinoheptulosonic O -acid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthetase O -occurred O -, O -in O -strong O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -situation O -when O -wild O -- O -type O -cells O -are O -grown O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -minimal O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Amide O -derivatives O -of O -L O -- O -asparagine O -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diazo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norvaline I-Chemical -or O -L O -- O -aspartyl O -hydroxamate O -) O -are O -the O -most O -effective O -competitors O -, O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -derivative O -( O -N O -- O -acetyl O -asparagine O -) O -is O -a O -moderate O -competitor O -, O -and O -alpha O -- O -carboxyl O -derivative O -( O -L O -- O -asparagine O -- O -t O -- O -butylester O -) O -shows O -only O -slight O -inhibition O -of O -the O -specific O -permease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -level O -of O -the O -specific O -permease O -is O -affected O -by O -nitrogen B-Chemical -sources O -and O -increases O -approximately O -threefold O -upon O -starvation O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -of O -omega O -- O -alicyclic O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -from O -cyclic O -precursors O -in O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -are O -: O -omega O -- O -cyclopropane O -, O -omega O -- O -cyclobutane O -, O -omega O -- O -cyclopentane O -, O -omega O -- O -cyclohexane O -, O -and O -omega O -- O -cyclohexene O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -selective O -advantage O -of O -these O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -under O -extrene O -conditions O -was O -studied O -in O -comparison O -with O -the O -acidophilic O -, O -thermophilic O -bacterium O -B O -. O -acidocaldarius O -, O -which O -normally O -contains O -a O -high O -proportion O -of O -omega O -- O -cyclohexane O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -the O -reduced O -and O -untreated O -enzyme O -by O -several O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -reagents O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -affecting O -growth O -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fixation O -of O -Spirillum O -lipoferum O -. O - -aps B-category -Shaking O -S O -. O -lipoferum O -with O -air O -temporarily O -inactivates O -its O -nitrogenase O -; O -reactivation O -is O -inhibited O -by O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -inhibition O -kinetics O -demonstrate O -that O -the O -two O -substrates O -, O -acetylornithine O -and O -ornithine B-Chemical -, O -compete O -for O -the O -same O -active O -site O -of O -acetylornithine O -delta O -- O -transaminase O -; O -thus O -, O -the O -ornithine B-Chemical -delta O -- O -transaminase O -activity O -in O -E O -coli O -is O -due O -to O -acetylornithine O -delta O -- O -transaminase O -and O -not O -to O -a O -separate O -specific O -ornithine B-Chemical -delta O -- O -transaminase O -. O - -aps B-category -Relationship O -between O -the O -peroxisomal O -core O -and O -urate B-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -preparation O -has O -a O -high O -specific O -activity O -of O -urate B-Chemical -oxidase O -but O -not O -of O -other O -peroxisomal O -enzymes O -: O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -[ O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -core O -obtained O -showed O -a O -single O -protein O -band O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -and O -the O -position O -of O -the O -band O -was O -found O -to O -correspond O -to O -a O -molecular O -weight O -35 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Depolarization O -- O -induced O -calcium B-Chemical -release O -from O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -fragments O -. O - -aps B-category -Ca2 O -& O -amp O -; O -taken O -up O -by O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -membrane O -fragments O -( O -SRF O -) O -upon O -using O -ATP O -could O -be O -released O -rapidly O -by O -changing O -the O -anion O -outside O -the O -vesicles O -from O -methanesulfonate O -to O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Release O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -incorporated O -with O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -behavior O -of O -K O -& O -amp O -; O -, O -Na O -& O -amp O -; O -, O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -and O -inulin O -incorporated O -in O -SRF O -was O -followed O -upon O -similar O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -contained O -12 O -. O -2 O -% O -carbohydrate O -; O -the O -major O -sugar O -constituents O -were O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -mannose O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -digests O -from O -insoluble O -substrates O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -cellobiose O -, O -cellotriose O -, O -and O -cellotetraose O -were O -detectable O -, O -but O -the O -amount O -of O -cellobiose O -was O -the O -largest O -by O -far O -. O - -aps B-category -Active O -transport O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -by O -thermostable O -membrane O -vesicles O -isolated O -from O -a O -thermophilic O -bacterium O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -was O -dependent O -on O -the O -oxidation O -of O -ascorbate O -- O -phenazine O -methosulfate O -or O -on O -generated O -or O -exogenous O -NADH O -, O -but O -succinate O -and O -malate B-Chemical -failed O -to O -drive O -the O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -ion O -- O -loaded O -vesicles O -were O -prepared O -by O -incubating O -vesicles O -at O -55 O -degrees O -in O -0 O -. O -5 O -M O -potassium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -in O -response O -to O -valinomycin O -was O -progressively O -enhanced O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -dicylohexylcarbodiimide O -, O -but O -was O -completely O -abolished O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -proton O -conductor O -or O -synthetic O -permeable O -cation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -protons O -alanine B-Chemical -are O -transported O -simultaneously O -in O -a O -stoichiometric O -ratio O -of O -1 O -: O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -accumulation O -was O -driven O -not O -only O -by O -an O -electrical O -potential O -but O -also O -by O -a O -pH O -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -ATP O -hydrolysis O -by O -membrane O -ATPase O -created O -a O -membrane O -potential O -which O -was O -inside O -- O -positive O -, O -and O -this O -might O -decrease O -the O -effective O -membrane O -potential O -( O -generated O -by O -K O -+ O -efflux O -mediated O -by O -valinomycin O -) O -available O -to O -drive O -alanine B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -D O -- O -Methionine O -, O -2 O -- O -oxo O -- O -4 O -- O -methylthiobutanoate O -, O -and O -related O -non O -sulfur O -- O -containing O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -inert O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydroxylamine O -removed O -the O -enzyme O -- O -bound O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -resulting O -in O -almost O -complete O -resolution O -with O -the O -concomitant O -disappearance O -of O -both O -peaks O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -( O -SDS O -) O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -enzyme O -N O -dissociated O -into O -the O -protomer O -enzyme O -I O -, O -with O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -48 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Estimation O -of O -tryptophyl O -and O -tyrosyl O -exposure O -in O -tryptophan B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -rich I-Chemical -proteins O -by O -ultraviolet O -difference O -spectrophotometry O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -, O -crystallization O -, O -and O -some O -properties O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -amidinohydrolase O -from O -Pseudomonas O -putida O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -experiments O -suggested O -that O -a O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -is O -located O -in O -or O -near O -the O -active O -site O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -uses O -a O -rapid O -quench O -procedure O -to O -determine O -if O -, O -for O -each O -enzyme O -, O -the O -formation O -of O -the O -phosphorylated O -enzyme O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -transfer O -from O -the O -enzyme O -can O -occur O -at O -rates O -consistent O -with O -the O -overall O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -, O -chemical O -properties O -, O -and O -effect O -on O -Escherichia O -coli O -thymidine B-Chemical -kinase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Inclusion O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -ion O -in O -the O -reaction O -mixture O -decreased O -the O -rate O -of O -degradation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -only O -detectable O -reaction O -products O -are O -the O -nucleoside B-Chemical -, O -5 O -- O -iodo O -- O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -dideoxyuridine O -( O -AIdUrd O -) O -, O -and O -trimetaphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -phosphatase O -showed O -a O -single O -broad O -band O -when O -examined O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -gel O -electrophoresis O -; O -the O -molecular O -weights O -derived O -by O -this O -method O -were O -approximately O -30 O -, O -500 O -for O -phosphoprotein O -phosphatase O -I O -and O -34 O -, O -000 O -for O -phosphoprotein O -phosphatase O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -sulfite O -, O -cyanide O -, O -and O -hydroxylamine O -with O -several O -deazaflavin O -- O -containing O -enzymes O -( O -glycolate O -oxidase O -, O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -N O -- O -methylglutamate O -synthetase O -) O -and O -free O -deazaFMN O -has O -been O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -stability O -observed O -for O -the O -sulfite O -and O -cyanide O -complexes O -formed O -with O -various O -deazaflavin O -systems O -( O -glycolate O -oxidase O -greater O -than O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -greater O -than O -free O -deazaFMN O -) O -follows O -the O -same O -trend O -observed O -for O -the O -stability O -of O -the O -sulfite O -complexes O -formed O -with O -the O -corresponding O -flavin O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -evidence O -indicates O -that O -deazaflavin O -systems O -are O -generally O -more O -susceptible O -toward O -nucleophilic O -attack O -than O -corresponding O -flavin O -system O -: O -( O -a O -) O -with O -the O -exception O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -the O -dissociation O -constants O -for O -the O -deazaflavin O -- O -sulfite O -complexes O -are O -at O -least O -1 O -order O -of O -magnitude O -less O -than O -the O -corresponding O -flavin O -sulfite O -complexes O -; O -( O -b O -) O -the O -least O -reactive O -nucleophile O -, O -hydroxylamine O -, O -does O -not O -form O -a O -complex O -with O -any O -of O -the O -flavin O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -acidic O -galactose B-Chemical -lipid O -and O -mannose O -lipid O -was O -greatly O -reduced O -in O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -deficiency O -, O -primarily O -in O -tissues O -known O -to O -be O -mucus O -- O -producing O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -the O -products O -was O -identified O -as O -retinylphosphate O -galactose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -galactose B-Chemical -lipid O -was O -isolated O -by O -column O -chromatography O -on O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -and O -silica O -gel O -. O - -aps B-category -Mild O -acid O -hydrolysis O -of O -labeled O -retinylphosphate O -galactose B-Chemical -yields O -[ O -14C O -] O -galactose B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -alkaline O -hydrolysis O -and O -hydrogenolysis O -produced O -[ O -14C O -] O -galactose B-Chemical -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -inhibited O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -levels O -in O -the O -range O -of O -normal O -blood O -sugar O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -high O -glucose B-Chemical -levels O -exhibited O -a O -strong O -, O -reversible O -pH O -dependence O -being O -most O -marked O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -all O -enzyme O -concentrations O -studied O -, O -high O -levels O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -caused O -no O -inhibition O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -5 O -, O -whereas O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -strong O -inhibition O -was O -always O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -a O -strong O -inhibitor O -of O -hexokinase O -C O -but O -only O -at O -high O -glucose B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -the O -inhibition O -became O -hyperbolic O -at O -high O -( O -greater O -than O -0 O -. O -2 O -mM O -) O -glucose B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -modification O -of O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -by O -ATP O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -, O -enzyme O -concentration O -, O -and O -pH O -, O -all O -of O -them O -at O -physiological O -levels O -, O -indicates O -a O -major O -role O -for O -hexokinase O -C O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -by O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Shorter O -chain O -acyl O -- O -CoA O -derivatives O -, O -free O -CoA O -, O -and O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -do O -not O -appear O -to O -bind O -to O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -isotope O -rate O -effects O -obtained O -with O -deuterated O -stearyl O -- O -CoA O -derivatives O -indicate O -that O -hydrogen B-Chemical -removal O -is O -the O -rate O -- O -limiting O -step O -of O -desaturation O -. O - -aps B-category -Stationary O -phase O -cultures O -of O -a O -clonal O -line O -of O -rat O -astrocytes O -( O -C6 O -) O -were O -maintained O -at O -pH O -values O -ranging O -from O -6 O -. O -0 O -to O -8 O -. O -4 O -using O -media O -buffered O -with O -various O -combinations O -of O -organic O -buffers O -or O -graded O -concentrations O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -ion O -at O -a O -constant O -CO2 O -tension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -activity O -( O -assayed O -at O -the O -enzymatic O -pH O -optimum O -) O -of O -a O -membrane O -- O -bound O -enzyme O -enriched O -in O -glial O -cells O -and O -myelin O -, O -2 O -' O -, O -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -cyclic I-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -3 O -' O -- O -phosphohydrolase O -, O -was O -markedly O -pH O -- O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -Titration O -behavior O -of O -individual O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -of O -myoglobins O -from O -sperm O -whale O -, O -horse O -, O -and O -red O -kangaroo O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -dependence O -of O -the O -chemical O -shifts O -indicated O -that O -only O -Tyr O -- O -151 O -and O -Tyr O -- O -103 O -are O -titratable O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -activation O -of O -hepatic O -glucose B-Chemical -output O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -half O -- O -maximally O -active O -dose O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -was O -10 O -- O -7 O -M O -and O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -was O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -. O -These O -effects O -were O -blocked O -by O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonists O -including O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -but O -were O -largely O -unaffected O -by O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonists O -including O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Phenoxybenzamine O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -were O -shown O -to O -be O -specific O -for O -their O -respective O -adrenergic O -receptors O -and O -to O -not O -affect O -the O -actions O -of O -glucagon O -or O -exogenous O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -glycogen O -synthase O -activity O -ratio O -( O -- B-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -/ O -+ O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -) O -was O -increased O -from O -0 O -. O -09 O -to O -0 O -. O -66 O -by O -preincubation O -of O -such O -cells O -with O -40 O -mM O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -these O -agents O -substantially O -inactivated O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -on O -the O -enzyme O -were O -blocked O -by O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -but O -were O -largely O -unaffected O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -rapidly O -reduced O -, O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -, O -both O -basal O -and O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -elevated I-Chemical -phosphorylase O -alpha O -activity O -in O -hepatocytes O -prepared O -from O -fasted O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylephrine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -- O -5 O -M O -) O -and O -glucagon O -( O -5 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -10 O -) O -M O -) O -decreased O -by O -one O -- O -half O -the O -fall O -in O -phosphoryalse O -alpha O -activity O -seen O -with O -10 O -mM O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -markedly O -suppressed O -the O -elevation O -of O -glycogen O -synthase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -b O -) O -Stimulation O -of O -these O -receptors O -by O -epinephrine B-Chemical -or O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -results O -in O -activation O -of O -phosphorylase O -and O -gluconeogenesis O -and O -inactivation O -of O -glycogen O -synthase O -by O -mechanisms O -not O -involving O -an O -increase O -in O -cellular O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -alpha O -- O -andrenergic O -activation O -of O -hepatic O -glucose B-Chemical -output O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -agonist O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -on O -the O -levels O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cAMP B-Chemical -) O -and O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -protein O -kinase O -in O -isolated O -rat O -liver O -parenchymal O -cells O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -AMP O -levels O -with O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -measured O -at O -this O -time O -were O -reduced O -by O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonist O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -but O -were O -unaffected O -by O -the O -alpha O -- O -blocker O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -elevation O -was O -due O -to O -weak O -beta O -activity O -of O -the O -agonist O -. O - -aps B-category -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -chromatography O -of O -homogenates O -of O -liver O -cells O -revealed O -two O -major O -peaks O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -protein O -kinase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -concentrations O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -and O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -produced O -a O -small O -increase O -( O -10 O -tp O -16 O -% O -) O -in O -the O -activity O -ratio O -( O -- B-Chemical -cAMP I-Chemical -/ O -+ O -cAMP B-Chemical -) O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -the O -activity O -ratio O -of O -the O -kinase O -with O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -was O -much O -smaller O -than O -that O -produced O -by O -a O -glycogenolytically O -equivalent O -dose O -of O -glucagon O -. O - -aps B-category -Theophylline B-Chemical -and O -1 O -- O -methyl O -- O -3 O -- O -isobutylxanthine O -, O -which O -inhibit O -cAMP B-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -, O -potentiated O -the O -effects O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -on O -glycogenolysis O -and O -gluconeogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Methylisobutylxanthine O -increased O -the O -levels O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -and O -enhanced O -the O -activation O -of O -protein O -kinase O -in O -cells O -incubated O -with O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -from O -these O -data O -that O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -activation O -of O -glycogenolysis O -and O -gluconeogenesis O -in O -isolated O -rat O -liver O -parenchymal O -cells O -occurs O -by O -mechanisms O -not O -involving O -an O -increase O -in O -total O -cellular O -cAMP B-Chemical -or O -activation O -of O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -protein O -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -Aminooxyacetate O -and O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -gamma I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminooxybutyrate I-Chemical -( O -canaline O -) O -react O -specifically O -with O -the O -P B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyridoxal I-Chemical -groups O -of O -cystathionase O -to O -produce O -characteristic O -changes O -in O -the O -absorption O -and O -fluorescence O -properties O -of O -the O -bound O -cofactor O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -also O -shown O -that O -the O -inhibitor O -L O -- O -alpha O -- O -gamma O -- O -aminobutyrate O -reacts O -with O -bound O -P B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyridoxal I-Chemical -to O -form O -free O -P O -- O -pyridoxamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Amino O -acid O -analysis O -established O -that O -approximately O -30 O -% O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -of O -the O -collagen O -appeared O -in O -the O -lysosomal O -hydrolysate O -as O -free O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Substrates O -of O -the O -electron O -transport O -chain O -could O -energize O -the O -phosphorylation O -of O -ADP O -, O -with O -the O -order O -of O -effectiveness O -being O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -greater O -than O -reduced O -phenazinemethosulfate O -greater O -than O -succinate O -greater O -than O -reduced O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -. O - -aps B-category -Valinomycin O -or O -nigericin O -partially O -inhibited O -oxidative O -phosphorylation O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -positive O -correlation O -between O -the O -energy O -of O -the O -long O -wavelength O -transition O -and O -the O -Hammett O -para O -constant O -with O -a O -series O -of O -para O -- O -substituted O -phenols B-Chemical -indicates O -that O -the O -phenol B-Chemical -is O -the O -charge O -- O -transfer O -donor O -and O -the O -oxidized O -flavin O -of O -the O -enzyme O -is O -the O -charge O -- O -transfer O -acceptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -binding O -to O -adipocyte O -plasma O -membranes O -has O -been O -assessed O -by O -equilibrium O -dialysis O -and O -by O -membrane O -filtration O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -Bound O -calcium B-Chemical -was O -totally O -dissociated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -excess O -calcium B-Chemical -within O -11 O -. O -0 O -min O -in O -two O -distinct O -phases O -corresponding O -to O -the O -two O -classes O -of O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -Procaine O -and O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -calcium B-Chemical -binding O -and O -lanthanum O -was O -a O -poor O -inhibitor O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specificity O -of O -this O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -system O -in O -adipocyte O -plasma O -membranes O -suggests O -its O -importance O -in O -cellular O -bioregulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Structural O -and O -conformational O -organization O -of O -chicken O -liver O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -has O -been O -probed O -using O -its O -fluorescent O -coenzyme O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -observations O -were O -made O -when O -the O -enzyme O -was O -modified O -with O -phenylmethylsulfonyl O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -a O -specific O -and O -selective O -inhibitor O -of O -fatty O -acyl O -- O -CoA O -deacylase O -( O -s O -) O -of O -the O -pigeon O -liver O -enzyme O -complex O -( O -Kumar O -, O -S O -. O -( O -1975 O -) O -J O -. O -Biol O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -addition O -of O -acetyl O -- O -and O -malonyl O -- O -CoA O -( O -100 O -muM O -each O -) O -to O -the O -modified O -enzyme O -lowers O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -binding O -affinity O -by O -a O -factor O -of O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Lowering O -the O -temperature O -from O -30 O -degrees O -to O -2 O -degrees O -increases O -the O -enhancement O -ratio O -by O -50 O -% O -, O -whereas O -increase O -in O -ionic O -strength O -from O -0 O -. O -05 O -to O -0 O -. O -2 O -M O -potassium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -lowers O -it O -to O -50 O -% O -of O -the O -original O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -behavior O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -2 O -' O -- O -monophospho O -- O -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphoribose O -is O -intermediate O -between O -NADP O -+ O -and O -NADH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aminoacylflavin O -gives O -a O -negative O -Pauly O -reaction O -but O -yields O -1 O -mol O -of O -histidine O -on O -drastic O -acid O -hydrolysis O -thus O -showing O -an O -imidazole O -ring O -nitrogen B-Chemical -as O -the O -8alpha O -substituent O -of O -the O -flavin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -of O -these O -properties O -, O -however O -, O -the O -8alpha O -- O -histidylriboflavin O -isolated O -from O -thiamin O -dehydrogenase O -is O -indistinguishable O -from O -8alpha O -- O -[ O -N O -( O -1 O -) O -- O -histidyl O -] O -riboflavin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -lines O -of O -evidence O -in O -this O -report O -indicate O -that O -, O -although O -total O -P O -- O -450 O -content O -does O -not O -increase O -in O -C57BL O -/ O -6N O -mice O -treated O -with O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -plus O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -, O -hepatic O -P O -- O -448 O -induction O -does O -occur O -; O -P O -- O -448 O -induction O -does O -not O -occur O -in O -DBA O -/ O -2N O -mice O -under O -these O -same O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Gallium O -- O -67 O -citrate B-Chemical -scintiscanning O -in O -testicular O -neoplasia O -. O - -aps B-category -al O -. O -, O -' O -75 O -) O -it O -was O -concluded O -that O -the O -mutant O -satisfies O -essentially O -all O -of O -its O -energy O -requirements O -from O -glycolysis O -and O -in O -this O -study O -we O -measure O -precisely O -the O -amount O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -consumed O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -produced O -per O -milligram O -increment O -of O -protein O -in O -exponentially O -growing O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -a O -fall O -in O -pH O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -CSF O -, O -and O -brain O -osmolality O -exceeds O -that O -of O -plasma O -, O -resulting O -in O -a O -net O -movement O -of O -water O -into O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -- O -induced O -restoration O -of O -sensorimotor O -functions O -in O -rats O -with O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -depleting I-Chemical -brain O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -are O -strikingly O -similar O -to O -the O -" O -paradoxical O -kinesia O -" O -seen O -in O -parkinsonism O -, O -a O -clinical O -disorder O -attributed O -to O -degeneration O -of O -central O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -rabbit O -anti O -- O -bovine O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -failed O -to O -crossreact O -immunologically O -with O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -of O -mouse O -milk O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -and O -mechanism O -of O -molybdate O -and O -tungstate O -complex O -formation O -with O -catechol B-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -monoamine O -- O -synthesizing O -enzymes O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -( O -DBH O -) O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TrH O -) O -were O -immunocytochemical O -localized O -in O -dopaminergic O -, O -noradrenergic O -and O -serotonergic O -neurons O -of O -rat O -brain O -by O -light O -and O -electron O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -provide O -ultrastructural O -evidence O -to O -suggest O -that O -monoamines B-Chemical -may O -be O -: O -( O -a O -) O -synthesized O -by O -enzymes O -which O -are O -associated O -with O -different O -organelles O -depending O -on O -the O -portion O -of O -the O -neuron O -and O -the O -type O -of O -enzyme O -; O -( O -b O -) O -synthesized O -in O -both O -axons O -and O -dendrites O -and O -( O -c O -) O -released O -from O -terminals O -without O -postsynaptic O -membrane O -specializations O -. O - -aps B-category -Arylsulfatase O -( O -Type O -H O -- O -1 O -) O -in O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -sodium B-Chemical -acetate O -buffer O -, O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -, O -destroyed O -the O -biologic O -activity O -of O -only O -Fraction O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -homogeneous O -antibodies O -to O -type O -VIII O -pneumococcal O -polysaccharide O -( O -S8 O -) O -were O -isolated O -from O -the O -serum O -of O -a O -single O -rabbit O -( O -3322 O -) O -by O -affinity O -chromatography O -on O -an O -S8 O -immunoadsoebent O -by O -utilizing O -gradient O -elution O -with O -cellobiose O -and O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fourth O -antibody O -light O -chain O -has O -a O -blocked O -amino B-Chemical -terminus O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -CY O -) O -3 O -is O -toxic O -for O -a O -population O -of O -mouse O -T O -cells O -which O -is O -active O -in O -graft O -vs O -host O -( O -GVH O -) O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -trial O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -as O -premedication O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -improved O -method O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -activity O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -) O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Then O -the O -enzymatic O -reaction O -is O -started O -by O -adding O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Acetyl O -- O -CoA O -production O -and O -utilization O -during O -growth O -of O -the O -facultative O -methylotroph O -Pseudomonas O -AM1 O -on O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -malonate O -and O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxybutyrate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -inducible O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -synthetase O -has O -been O -partially O -purified O -and O -characterized O -; O -it O -is O -essential O -for O -growth O -only O -on O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -malonate O -and O -acetate O -plus O -glyoxylate O -, O -as O -shown O -by O -the O -growth O -characteristics O -of O -a O -mutant O -( O -ICT54 O -) O -lacking O -this O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mutant O -( O -ICT51 O -) O -, O -lacking O -' O -malate B-Chemical -synthase O -' O -activity O -has O -been O -isolated O -and O -its O -characteristics O -indicate O -that O -this O -activity O -is O -normally O -essential O -for O -growth O -, O -of O -Pseudomonas O -AM1 O -on O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -malonate O -and O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxybutyrate I-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -for O -growth O -on O -other O -substrates O -such O -as O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -succinate O -and O -C1 O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Absolute O -requirements O -were O -demonstrated O -for O -methionine B-Chemical -, O -haematin O -, O -thiamine B-Chemical -and O -biotin B-Chemical -, O -all O -of O -which O -were O -known O -to O -be O -specific O -requirements O -of O -the O -plasmodial O -stage O -. O - -aps B-category -L O -- O -Cysteine O -, O -L O -- O -homocysteine O -, O -methionine B-Chemical -derivatives O -and O -the O -sulphur O -- O -containing O -analogues O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -also O -act O -as O -precursors O -of O -ethylene O -. O - -aps B-category -Transport O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -by O -the O -high O -- O -affinity O -transport O -system O -is O -regulated O -by O -the O -nitrogen B-Chemical -status O -of O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -glutamine B-Chemical -auxotroph O -, O -lacking O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -, O -had O -elevated O -transport O -activity O -even O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -high O -concentrations O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -( O -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mutant O -with O -low O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -activity O -had O -low O -glutamine B-Chemical -transport O -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activities O -, O -which O -could O -not O -be O -derepressed O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylation O -: O -alteration O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -in O -vivo O -by O -immobilization O -or O -electroshock O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -lead B-Chemical -us O -to O -conclude O -that O -blood O -sampling O -from O -the O -presenting O -fetal O -part O -in O -the O -second O -stage O -provides O -almost O -indentical O -pH O -- O -values O -as O -in O -the O -central O -fetal O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -Interfacial O -properties O -of O -polymethyl O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cyanoacrylate I-Chemical -and O -polybutyl O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cyanoacrylate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Colorimetric O -analysis O -of O -immunogenic O -impurities O -in O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -involves O -initial O -aminolysis O -of O -the O -compounds O -by O -ammonia B-Chemical -to O -give O -salicylamide O -and O -subsequent O -coupling O -of O -this O -with O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenazone I-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -oxidizing O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -was O -not O -reversible O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -or O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -but O -limited O -protection O -was O -possible O -by O -prior O -treatment O -with O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -tubocurarine O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -for O -screening O -diuretic B-Chemical -agents O -in O -the O -mouse O -: O -an O -investigation O -of O -sexual O -differences O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -drug O -significantly O -raised O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -and O -all O -but O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -elevated O -urine O -volume O -and O -chloride B-Chemical -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetazolamide B-Chemical -and O -triamterene B-Chemical -evoked O -urinary O -alkalinization O -whereas O -frusemide O -and O -ethacrynic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -reduced O -urinary O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Anti O -- O -inflammatory O -actions O -of O -dapsone B-Chemical -and O -its O -related O -biochemistry O -. O - -aps B-category -Dapsone B-Chemical -also O -possess O -some O -biochemical O -properties O -common O -to O -other O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypertension O -induced O -in O -adult O -male O -rats O -by O -doca O -/ O -salt B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -accompanied O -by O -a O -significant O -rise O -in O -whole O -brain O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -antagonists O -spironolactone B-Chemical -and O -saralasin B-Chemical -completely O -blocked O -both O -responses O -in O -the O -doca O -/ O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -animals O -respectively O -and O -spironolactone B-Chemical -showed O -a O -partial O -inhibition O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonist I-Chemical -, O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -, O -produced O -either O -inhibition O -or O -stimulation O -of O -motor O -behaviour O -in O -rats O -depending O -upon O -the O -dose O -and O -time O -after O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Release O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -in O -brain O -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -plus O -adrenaline B-Chemical -in O -adrenal O -varied O -with O -motor O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -canine O -renal O -artery O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -femoral O -artery O -is O -thought O -to O -be O -devoid O -of O -a O -similar O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -, O -the O -effects O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -on O -the O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -of O -the O -canine O -femoral O -artery O -were O -also O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentrations O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -required O -to O -maximally O -stimulate O -renal O -and O -femoral O -artery O -adenylate O -cyclase O -were O -0 O -- O -04 O -and O -0 O -- O -2 O -muM O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -femoral O -artery O -, O -however O -, O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -stimulation O -was O -blocked O -by O -both O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -the O -concept O -that O -dopamine B-Chemical -interacts O -with O -a O -specific O -artery O -receptor O -apparently O -different O -from O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -adrenergic O -neuron O -blocking O -agents O -and O -biguanides O -on O -the O -efflux O -of O -extragranular O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -from O -adrenergic O -nerves O -in O -rabbit O -atria O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Anti O -- O -aggressive O -action O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -inhibitors O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -DNA O -synthesis O -in O -cultured O -human O -lymphocytes O -by O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -and O -oxyphenbutazone O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Physico O -- O -chemical O -studies O -of O -mixed O -membrane O -composed O -of O -gelatin O -and O -chondroitin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chemical O -shifts O -were O -assigned O -with O -the O -aid O -of O -long O -- O -range O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -13 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydrogen I-Chemical -coupling O -constants O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -color O -development O -of O -a O -tetrazolium O -formazan O -is O -shown O -to O -be O -inversely O -proportional O -to O -the O -dielectric O -constant O -of O -the O -solvent O -medium O -and O -directly O -proportional O -to O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bonding I-Chemical -capability O -of O -solvent O -mixtures O -having O -the O -same O -dielectric O -constant O -. O - -aps B-category -Water O -and O -/ O -or O -methanol O -( O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -) O -are O -important O -in O -the O -stabilization O -of O -the O -trans O -- O -anti O -- O -isomer O -, O -since O -the O -small O -size O -of O -these O -two O -substances O -allows O -them O -to O -form O -strong O -intermolecular O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonds O -with O -one O -or O -both O -nitrogen B-Chemical -atoms O -of O -the O -azo O -linkage O -, O -thereby O -preventing O -the O -formation O -of O -the O -intramolecular O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonding O -exhibited O -by O -the O -trans O -- O -syn O -- O -isomer O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -reaction O -is O -solvent O -dependent O -and O -occurs O -at O -a O -much O -faster O -rate O -in O -chloroform B-Chemical -than O -in O -alcohol B-Chemical -USP O -. O - -aps B-category -Higher O -aggregation O -numbers O -and O -lower O -CMC O -' O -s O -were O -determined O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -maleate B-Chemical -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -apparently O -nonmicellar O -pattern O -of O -aggregation O -could O -be O -induced O -by O -chemically O -changing O -the O -counterion O -from O -chloride B-Chemical -to O -maleate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enthalpy O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonding O -of O -some O -antipsychotic O -, O -antidepressant B-Chemical -, O -anticonvulsant O -, O -and O -antianxiety O -agents O -with O -phenol B-Chemical -, O -as O -determined O -from O -IR O -and O -NMR O -spectroscopic O -measurements O -, O -was O -shown O -not O -to O -be O -responsible O -for O -differences O -in O -activity O -within O -the O -drug O -classes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lumen O -of O -the O -stomach O -was O -perfused O -and O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -activity O -of O -the O -perfusate O -recorded O -continuously O -. O - -aps B-category -Metamide O -, O -at O -doses O -of O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -, O -and O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -, O -caused O -a O -parallel O -displacement O -of O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -, O -indicating O -competitive O -antagonism O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -that O -brain O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthesis O -is O -not O -essential O -in O -fever O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -latency O -, O -rate O -of O -rise O -and O -magnitude O -of O -the O -fever O -was O -unaffected O -by O -the O -simultaneous O -intraventricular O -injection O -of O -two O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -antagonists O -, O -SC O -19220 O -and O -HR O -546 O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -evidence O -is O -not O -consistent O -with O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -is O -the O -principal O -mediator O -of O -fever O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -with O -the O -zona O -reticulata O -, O -fewer O -neurones O -in O -the O -zona O -compacta O -of O -the O -substantia O -nigra O -responded O -to O -caudate O -stimulation O -in O -both O -urethane B-Chemical -or O -pentobarbitone O -anaesthetized O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurones O -of O -the O -mesencephalic O -reticular O -formation O -were O -less O -sensitive O -to O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -glycine B-Chemical -than O -substantia O -nigra O -neurones O -. O - -aps B-category -Over O -- O -all O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -was O -a O -more O -potent O -excitant O -than O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -ACh O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Approximately O -twice O -as O -much O -BMC O -was O -required O -to O -reduce O -the O -endogenous O -inhibition O -of O -the O -same O -substantia O -nigra O -neurones O -and O -the O -amplitude O -of O -concomitantly O -evoked O -positive O -field O -potential O -as O -was O -required O -to O -abolish O -exogenous O -GABA B-Chemical -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -pathway O -uses O -GABA B-Chemical -as O -the O -neurotransmitter O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Complications O -of O -water O -- O -soluble O -iodized O -contrast B-Chemical -media I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -at O -no O -time O -was O -an O -acetate O -buffer O -demonstrated O -in O -the O -faeces O -of O -bottle O -- O -fed O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -there O -is O -evidence O -to O -suggest O -that O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -other O -metabolites O -of O -intraluminal O -bacterial O -growth O -suppress O -the O -growth O -of O -gram O -- O -negative O -organisms O -, O -but O -are O -without O -effect O -upon O -that O -of O -bifidobacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -analysis O -of O -clinical O -and O -biochemical O -factors O -occurring O -in O -association O -with O -each O -bilirubin B-Chemical -peak O -in O -the O -postoperative O -course O -found O -the O -jaundice O -related O -to O -transfusion O -and O -surgery O -in O -11 O -instances O -, O -to O -sepsis O -and O -septicemia O -in O -15 O -instances O -, O -and O -to O -hepatic O -dysfunction O -in O -23 O -instances O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -buoyant O -density O -values O -of O -virus O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -ranged O -from O -1 O -. O -275 O -to O -1 O -. O -278 O -g O -/ O -cm3 O -, O -but O -in O -CsCl O -the O -virus O -banded O -at O -densities O -at O -1 O -. O -325 O -to O -1 O -. O -340 O -and O -1 O -. O -261 O -to O -1 O -. O -281 O -g O -/ O -cm3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Virus O -infectivity O -was O -found O -to O -be O -sensitive O -to O -acid O -pH O -but O -resistant O -to O -treatment O -with O -diethyl O -ether B-Chemical -or O -chloroform B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Guanidinium O -chloride B-Chemical -in O -concentrations O -of O -100 O -to O -200 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -reduced O -molluscum O -virus O -yields O -by O -more O -than O -99 O -. O -9 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Phages O -omega3 O -and O -omega8 O -each O -have O -linear O -double O -- O -stranded O -DNA O -of O -33 O -X O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -daltons O -per O -particle O -, O -with O -an O -apparent O -guanine O -plus O -cytosine B-Chemical -content O -of O -47 O -to O -49 O -mol O -% O -, O -as O -determined O -by O -buoyancy O -and O -melting O -temperature O -, O -but O -with O -an O -unusual O -absorbance O -spectrum O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -effects O -of O -quinine B-Chemical -, O -brucine O -and O -caffeine B-Chemical -on O -electrical O -responses O -in O -taste O -cells O -were O -examined O -, O -they O -all O -produced O -a O -depolarization O -associated O -with O -an O -increased O -input O -resistance O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -effects O -with O -quinine B-Chemical -are O -similar O -to O -those O -with O -procaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Evidences O -for O -alpha O -excitatory O -action O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -on O -the O -electrical O -activity O -of O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -stomach O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamines O -( O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -) O -suppressed O -or O -blocked O -the O -spike O -discharges O -and O -the O -generation O -of O -slow O -waves O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -responses O -of O -the O -smooth O -muscles O -from O -whole O -regions O -to O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -or O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -were O -antagonized O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -or O -DCI O -but O -not O -by O -phentolamine B-Chemical -or O -phenoxybenzamine O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -treatment O -with O -tetrodotoxin O -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -blocked O -the O -spike O -activity O -and O -the O -generation O -of O -slow O -waves O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -treatment O -with O -DCI O -or O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -potentiated O -the O -spike O -activity O -of O -the O -antrum O -and O -fundus O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -excitatory O -actions O -of O -these O -amines B-Chemical -are O -mediated O -by O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -rather O -than O -via O -a O -nervous O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -Bullfrog O -sympathetic O -ganglion O -cells O -produced O -hyperpolarizing O -( O -Ad O -- O -hyperpolarization O -) O -and O -depolarizing O -( O -Ad O -- O -depolarization O -) O -responses O -when O -adrenaline B-Chemical -( O -Ad O -) O -was O -directly O -applied O -to O -ganglia O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -not O -significantly O -altered O -by O -replacing O -the O -extracellular O -total O -Cl O -ions O -by O -equimolar O -glutamate B-Chemical -or O -thiosulfate O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ionic O -mechanism O -underlying O -the O -generation O -of O -Ad O -- O -hyperpolarization O -was O -discussed O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -these O -present O -experimental O -results O -, O -and O -it O -was O -suggested O -that O -Ad O -- O -hyperpolarization O -might O -be O -generated O -by O -an O -electrogenic O -sodium B-Chemical -pump O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -in O -55 O -patients O -with O -benign O -essential O -hypertension O -showed O -that O -the O -beta O -- O -blockers O -bufuralol O -( O -22 O -patients O -) O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -33 O -patients O -) O -at O -a O -dose O -ratio O -of O -1 O -: O -4 O -, O -possess O -comparable O -antihypertensive O -efficacy O -despite O -different O -properties O -regarding O -intrinsic O -sympathomimetic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -of O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -( O -PRA O -) O -was O -more O -pronounced O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -- O -69 O -% O -) O -than O -with O -bufuralol O -( O -- O -47 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -blood O -pressure O -effects O -of O -bufuralol O -, O -however O -, O -correlated O -significantly O -with O -changes O -in O -urinary O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -excretion O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -41 O -; O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -blood O -pressure O -lowering O -effects O -of O -bufuralol O -in O -benign O -essential O -hypertension O -seem O -to O -be O -independent O -of O -renin O -and O -may O -be O -related O -, O -at O -least O -partly O -, O -to O -diminished O -free O -peripheral O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -the O -increase O -in O -plasma O -catecholamine B-Chemical -concentrations O -by O -tyramine O -infusion O -was O -not O -changed O -90 O -min O -after O -oral O -application O -of O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -drugs O -( O -penbutolol O -, O -practolol O -, O -I O -. O -C O -. O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -activity O -was O -not O -further O -increased O -during O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -order O -of O -potency O -, O -according O -to O -IC O -50 O -values O -estimated O -from O -the O -dose O -response O -curves O -was O -: O -propranolol B-Chemical -less O -than O -penbutolol O -less O -than O -practolol O -less O -than O -I O -. O -C O -. O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -Due O -to O -the O -high O -dose O -only O -propranolol B-Chemical -showed O -a O -marked O -membrane O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absorption O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -from O -the O -rat O -stomach O -in O -situ O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -warfarin B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -gastric O -fluid O -with O -initially O -acidic O -pH O -( O -pH O -3 O -and O -pH O -5 O -) O -declined O -more O -rapidly O -than O -in O -initially O -neutral O -( O -pH O -7 O -) O -or O -basic O -( O -pH O -8 O -) O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -discrepancy O -resulted O -from O -a O -substantial O -accumulation O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -in O -the O -gastric O -wall O -mainly O -on O -mucosa O -due O -to O -the O -precipitation O -of O -the O -drug O -in O -acidic O -environment O -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -- O -Hydroxydopamine O -( O -6 O -- O -OH O -- O -DA O -) O -treatment O -of O -rats O -at O -birth O -( O -with O -the O -analyses O -conducted O -in O -the O -adult O -stage O -) O -produced O -marked O -regional O -variations O -in O -changes O -in O -endogenous O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -NA O -) O -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -NA O -uptake O -in O -the O -CNS O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -activity O -assays O -showed O -that O -DA O -- O -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -( O -DBH O -) O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -were O -greatly O -reduced O -in O -the O -cerebral O -cortex O -, O -while O -the O -activity O -of O -both O -enzymes O -was O -almost O -double O -in O -the O -pons O -- O -medulla O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurements O -of O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -activity O -displayed O -only O -minute O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -mutants O -altered O -in O -nitrate B-Chemical -assimilation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -however O -cannot O -be O -the O -explanation O -of O -chlorate O -toxicity O -in O -Aspergillus O -nidulans O -, O -even O -though O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -is O -known O -to O -have O -chlorate O -reductase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -chlorate O -- O -sensitive O -and O -resistant O -mutants O -lacking O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -, O -also O -lack O -chlorate O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -unlikely O -that O -chlorate O -toxicity O -results O -from O -the O -involvement O -of O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -and O -the O -nirA O -gene O -product O -in O -the O -regulation O -either O -of O -nitrite B-Chemical -reductase O -, O -or O -of O -the O -pentose B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -chlorate O -cannot O -act O -as O -a O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -, O -nitrogen B-Chemical -starvation O -ensues O -. O - -aps B-category -Stereospecific O -receptor O -sites O -for O -d O -- O -lysergic O -acid O -diethylamide O -in O -rat O -brain O -: O -effects O -of O -neurotransmitters O -, O -amine B-Chemical -antagonists O -, O -and O -other O -psychotropic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -properties O -of O -the O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -systems O -of O -two O -yeast O -species O -, O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -and O -Rhodotorula O -glutinis O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -. O -5 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -lowered O -the O -ATPase O -activity O -in O -R O -. O -glutinis O -by O -68 O -% O -but O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -S O -. O -cerevisiae O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -shown O -that O -CMSeC O -is O -a O -substrate O -for O -the O -L O -- O -aminoacid O -oxidase O -form O -snake O -venom O -and O -for O -the O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -oxidase O -from O -beef O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -noticeable O -differences O -were O -shown O -in O -the O -oxidation O -rate O -of O -CMSeC O -and O -S O -- O -carboxymethylcysteine O -, O -an O -indication O -that O -the O -substitution O -of O -a O -selenium B-Chemical -for O -a O -sulfur O -atom O -in O -the O -molecule O -does O -not O -greatly O -affect O -the O -substrate O -specificity O -of O -the O -two O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -selenium B-Chemical -compounds O -, O -Na2Se04 O -, O -H2Se04 O -, O -Na2Se03 O -, O -H2Se03 O -and O -Se02 O -, O -were O -tested O -for O -their O -capacity O -to O -induce O -chromosome O -aberrations O -in O -cultured O -human O -leukocytes O -and O -for O -their O -reactivity O -with O -DNA O -by O -a O -rec O -- O -assay O -system O -and O -inactivation O -of O -transforming O -activity O -in O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reactivity O -of O -selenites O -with O -DNA O -was O -also O -indicated O -by O -a O -significant O -loss O -of O -transformation O -of O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -marker O -of O -B O -. O -subtilis O -DNA O -treated O -with O -H2Se03 O -and O -Se02 O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -levels O -as O -a O -function O -of O -growth O -in O -normal O -and O -transformed O -3T3 O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -nitrogen B-Chemical -of O -fresh O -mushrooms O -was O -equal O -to O -that O -of O -the O -blanched O -but O -the O -amino B-Chemical -nitrogen B-Chemical -decreased O -to O -one O -tenth O -by O -blanching O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -latter O -depend O -on O -the O -pH O -value O -at O -which O -the O -insoluble O -complexes O -of O -gelatin O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -alginate O -were O -separated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -soluble O -complexes O -of O -gelatin O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -alginate O -can O -form O -gels O -in O -7 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -field O -bean O -protein O -and O -a O -mixture O -of O -field O -bean O -protein O -with O -casein O -to O -equal O -parts O -are O -prepared O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -high O -protein O -- O -containing O -alkaline O -solutions O -, O -which O -show O -pseudoplastic O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -viscosity O -behaviour O -of O -alkaline O -solutions O -of O -mixtures O -from O -different O -wheat O -glutens O -with O -casein O -in O -dependence O -on O -the O -concentration O -of O -the O -whole O -protein O -, O -wheat O -protein O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -and O -on O -the O -temperature O -, O -time O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -treatment O -of O -wet O -wheat O -gluten O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -or O -sodium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -on O -the O -properties O -of O -the O -spun O -wheat O -protein O -/ O -casein O -fibers O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypothermia O -and O -intolerance O -to O -cold O -induced O -by O -intracisternal O -administration O -of O -the O -hypothalamic O -peptide O -neurotensin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Stereospecificity O -of O -interaction O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -with O -neurotransmitters O -and O -correlation O -with O -clinical O -potency O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -audiogenic O -seizure O -- O -inducing O -drug O -H13 O -/ O -04 O -was O -found O -to O -elicit O -opposing O -effects O -on O -the O -in O -vivo O -accumulation O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -) O -and O -DOPA O -( O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydroxyphenylalanine O -) O -in O -the O -brain O -following O -inhibition O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -on O -the O -accumulation O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -and O -DOPA O -was O -similar O -to O -that O -noted O -in O -the O -genetically O -- O -resistant O -strain O -; O -a O -retardation O -of O -the O -accumulation O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -in O -the O -telencephalon O -and O -brainstem O -and O -an O -enhancement O -of O -DOPA O -accumulation O -in O -the O -brainstem O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -emphasize O -the O -usefulness O -of O -the O -drug O -in O -analyzing O -central O -mechanisms O -underlying O -audiogenic O -seizure O -activity O -and O -in O -studying O -functional O -properties O -and O -interactions O -of O -the O -central O -catechol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and I-Chemical -indoleamine O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -urethane B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anaestetised I-Chemical -rats O -intraventricular O -( O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -These O -cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -were O -antagonised O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -by O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -metiamide O -( O -100 O -and O -200 O -mug O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -was O -elicited O -by O -phentolamine B-Chemical -( O -100 O -and O -200 O -mug O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -were O -abolished O -by O -mecamylamine B-Chemical -( O -5 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -but O -only O -the O -tachycardia O -was O -significantly O -modified O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -( O -100 O -mug O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -( O -100 O -mug O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -histamine B-Chemical -is O -able O -to O -modify O -the O -resting O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -by O -independent O -central O -modes O -of O -action O -, O -which O -involve O -central O -adrenergic O -and O -cholinergic O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -sublytic O -concentrations O -phallolysin O -, O -unlike O -benzalkonium O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -liberates O -practically O -no O -membrane O -lipids O -from O -human O -red O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Desensitization O -of O -kitten O -atria O -to O -chronotropic O -, O -inotropic O -and O -adenylyl O -cyclase O -stimulating O -effects O -of O -( O -- O -) O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -maximum O -cyclase O -stimulation O -by O -( O -- O -) O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -was O -decreased O -to O -1 O -/ O -2 O -in O -membranes O -from O -( O -- O -) O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -atria O -, O -whereas O -maximum O -increases O -in O -rate O -of O -sinus O -pacemakers O -and O -force O -of O -left O -atria O -were O -unchanged O -and O -reduced O -by O -15 O -% O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -evidence O -is O -compatible O -with O -the O -concept O -that O -desensitization O -is O -associated O -with O -decreased O -availability O -of O -receptors O -and O -with O -the O -view O -that O -near O -maximal O -positive O -chronotropic O -effects O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -may O -be O -caused O -by O -only O -threshold O -increases O -in O -membrane O -adenylyl O -cyclase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -liver O -of O -normal O -rats O -high O -arginine O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -phenylalanine O -aminotransferase O -activities O -were O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -elucidate O -the O -mechanism O -of O -this O -increase O -an O -inductive O -effect O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -and O -protein O -free O -extract O -of O -tumor O -tissue O -on O -liver O -aminotransferases O -has O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -could O -be O -shown O -, O -that O -this O -substance O -incites O -the O -alpha O -- O -receptors O -of O -the O -smooth O -muscle O -cells O -, O -because O -the O -depletion O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -the O -postsynaptic O -nervous O -fibres O -by O -Tyramine O -does O -not O -abolish O -the O -capability O -for O -cerebral O -vasospasm O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Statistical O -analysis O -of O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -acid O -- O -base O -equilibrium O -and O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -cases O -of O -brain O -tumors O -, O -cerebrocranial O -injuries O -and O -meningoencephalitis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -values O -of O -pH O -and O -pCO2 O -were O -classified O -in O -three O -groups O -corresponding O -to O -the O -following O -three O -ranges O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -: O -below O -15 O -mg O -% O -, O -15 O -- O -30 O -mg O -% O -, O -over O -30 O -mg O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Next O -, O -the O -patients O -with O -lactate B-Chemical -concentrations O -over O -30 O -mg O -% O -were O -analysed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -same O -effect O -was O -observed O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -, O -a O -dopaminic O -receptor O -stimulating O -drug O -, O -whereas O -the O -administration O -of O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyrrolidone I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -( O -HA O -- O -966 O -) O -, O -which O -blocks O -dopamine B-Chemical -release O -, O -significantly O -raised O -plasma O -LH O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -treatment O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -and O -adrenocortical O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -Tyrosine O -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -activity O -in O -the O -brain O -stem O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -exhibits O -a O -progressive O -increase O -. O - -aps B-category -Exogenous O -ACTH B-Chemical -in O -the O -same O -animals O -revealed O -an O -unimpaired O -adrenocortical O -reactivity O -after O -prolonged O -treatment O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rebound O -phenomena O -in O -manic O -patients O -following O -physostigmine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -three O -individuals O -showed O -clinical O -change O -both O -during O -and O -after O -the O -physostigmine B-Chemical -period O -, O -which O -can O -be O -clearly O -delineated O -into O -three O -distinct O -phases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -focus O -on O -' O -rebound O -' O -phenomena O -, O -or O -post B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -physostigmine I-Chemical -changes O -, O -as O -a O -possible O -clinical O -index O -with O -which O -chemically O -to O -characterize O -the O -initial O -state O -of O -amine B-Chemical -imbalance O -responsible O -for O -a O -given O -affective O -illness O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -circadian O -rhythms O -of O -liver O -glycogen O -, O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -corticosterone B-Chemical -and O -insulin O -, O -and O -hepatic O -activity O -of O -PK O -, O -G6PDH O -, O -ME O -, O -Ac O -, O -CoA O -carbox O -. O - -aps B-category -Rationale O -for O -not O -using O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -dosage O -was O -selected O -to O -be O -proportionate O -to O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -- O -blocking O -potency O -; O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -dosage O -equalled O -approximately O -that O -of O -racemic O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degree O -of O -slowing O -of O -heart O -rate O -varied O -with O -the O -different O -drugs O -, O -being O -greatest O -with O -racemic O -propanolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -small O -falls O -in O -blood O -pressured O -induced O -by O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -correlated O -also O -with O -those O -induced O -by O -practolol O -( O -which O -had O -no O -membrane O -activity O -) O -and O -are O -presumably O -due O -to O -its O -weak O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -- O -blocking O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -undertook O -to O -compare O -the O -efficacy O -of O -dibenzepin O -and O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -endogenous O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -depression O -present O -to O -more O -than O -a O -mild O -degree O -as O -part O -of O -the O -neurosis O -the O -tricyclic O -antidepressant B-Chemical -doxepin O -usually O -achieves O -better O -results O -than O -a O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -If O -the O -anxiety O -and O -depression O -occur O -in O -the O -context O -of O -alcoholism O -, O -thioridazine B-Chemical -and O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -have O -certain O -advantages O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectrophotometric O -characteristics O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Standing O -, O -minimal O -shaking O -, O -or O -stirring O -of O -the O -bilirubin B-Chemical -preparations O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -progressively O -reduced O -and O -altered O -the O -maximal O -spectral O -absorption O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -( O -440 O -nm O -) O -in O -aqueous O -buffered O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -higher O -concentrations O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -and O -with O -reduction O -in O -pH O -of O -the O -buffer O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -antioxidants O -, O -the O -shift O -to O -lower O -wave O -lengths O -was O -reduced O -and O -450 O -- O -560 O -nm O -shoulder O -formation O -was O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -12 O -, O -stirring O -of O -antioxidant O -- O -EDTA O -- O -containing O -solutions O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -neither O -a O -shift O -of O -maximal O -absorption O -to O -the O -shorter O -wave O -lengths O -nor O -the O -formation O -of O -480 O -- O -560 O -nm O -shoulder O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -aqueous O -media O -containing O -bilirubin B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -05 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -ml O -) O -from O -7 O -. O -4 O -to O -12 O -. O -0 O -increased O -the O -molar O -extinction O -coefficient O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -, O -E1M O -/ O -440 O -1cm O -, O -progressively O -to O -a O -maximum O -at O -pH O -12 O -of O -6 O -. O -35 O -X O -10 O -( O -4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -solubility O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -in O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -appears O -to O -be O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -005 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -more O -than O -30 O -years O -, O -penicillin B-Chemical -has O -been O -the O -agent O -of O -choice O -for O -pneumococcal O -infections O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -during O -the O -last O -ten O -years O -there O -have O -been O -sporadic O -reports O -of O -pneumococci O -with O -increased O -resistance O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -MIC O -of O -the O -organism O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -was O -0 O -. O -2 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -and O -the O -MBC O -0 O -. O -39 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -caused O -a O -dramatic O -bacteriologic O -and O -clinical O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -of O -peritubular O -capillaries O -was O -measured O -by O -means O -of O -antimony O -microelectrodes O -, O -during O -their O -perfusion O -with O -mammalian O -Ringer O -' O -s O -solutions O -at O -different O -pH O -, O -in O -control O -and O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -infused O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -slope O -of O -these O -lines O -was O -significantly O -greater O -in O -control O -than O -in O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Physostigmine O -in O -15 O -mM O -concentration O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -4 O -produces O -reversible O -contractures O -of O -up O -to O -0 O -. O -3 O -Po O -tension O -output O -in O -frog O -' O -s O -whole O -toe O -muscle O -or O -in O -7 O -- O -10 O -fiber O -bundles O -of O -these O -muscles O -, O -At O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -, O -the O -15 O -mM O -physostigmine B-Chemical -contracture O -output O -is O -only O -about O -0 O -. O -10 O -Po O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -of O -muscles O -with O -4 O -mM O -procaine B-Chemical -reduces O -physostigmine B-Chemical -' O -s O -capacity O -to O -produce O -contracture O -, O -evidently O -by O -means O -of O -a O -competitive O -inhibition O -at O -SR O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -But O -the O -physostigmine B-Chemical -action O -differs O -in O -that O -it O -is O -reversible O -, O -and O -, O -especially O -, O -it O -lacks O -the O -ability O -, O -strongly O -characteristic O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -, O -to O -sensitize O -a O -muscle O -to O -produce O -a O -rapid O -cooling O -contracture O -. O - -aps B-category -But O -, O -once O -internal O -, O -where O -the O -pH O -= O -6 O -. O -8 O -, O -most O -of O -the O -drug O -will O -be O -protonated O -and O -it O -may O -act O -on O -the O -SR O -in O -this O -form O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -caffeine B-Chemical -which O -, O -since O -its O -pKa O -is O -about O -1 O -. O -0 O -, O -acts O -on O -the O -SR O -as O -uncharged O -base O -. O - -aps B-category -Currents O -induced O -by O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -application O -at O -the O -voltage O -- O -calmped O -frog O -end O -- O -plate O -, O -were O -measured O -over O -a O -large O -range O -of O -membrane O -potentials O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -vascular O -smooth O -musclw O -activity O -was O -studied O -by O -means O -of O -afterloaded O -isotonic O -contractions O -of O -the O -tetanized O -rat O -portal O -vein O -at O -varied O -pH O -( O -8 O -. O -0 O -- O -5 O -. O -9 O -) O -, O -pCa O -( O -3 O -. O -4 O -- O -2 O -. O -1 O -) O -, O -and O -during O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -incubation O -( O -0 O -. O -4 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -pH O -changes O -between O -8 O -. O -0 O -and O -6 O -. O -8 O -as O -well O -as O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -incubation O -at O -a O -pH O -of O -5 O -. O -9 O -affected O -delta O -P O -quite O -considerably O -, O -but O -VM O -only O -scarcely O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -from O -these O -results O -that O -the O -experimental O -conditions O -- O -pCa O -between O -2 O -. O -0 O -and O -3 O -. O -2 O -, O -pH O -between O -8 O -. O -0 O -and O -6 O -. O -8 O -, O -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -added O -at O -a O -pH O -of O -5 O -. O -9 O -- O -obviously O -change O -the O -intracellular O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -which O -influences O -the O -number O -of O -activated O -interaction O -sites O -rather O -than O -the O -velocity O -of O -crossbridge O -movement O -. O - -aps B-category -Study O -of O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -protons O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Molecules O -of O -single O -- O -stranded O -ribosomal O -RNA O -and O -double O -- O -stranded O -replicative O -form O -of O -phage O -f2 O -RNA O -( O -dsRNA O -) O -adopt O -a O -compact O -form O -in O -solutions O -, O -containing O -sufficiently O -high O -concentrations O -of O -salt B-Chemical -( O -NaCl B-Chemical -) O -and O -polymer O -( O -PEG O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylalanine B-Chemical -, O -ATP O -, O -ADP O -, O -AMP O -, O -adenosine B-Chemical -and O -pyrophosphate O -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -xx O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -) O -don O -' O -t O -affect O -neither O -the O -stability O -of O -the O -tRNA O -- O -enzyme O -complex O -nor O -the O -rate O -of O -the O -affinity O -labelling O -. O - -aps B-category -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -chromatography O -resolved O -two O -peaks O -of O -cGMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -activity O -in O -most O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -cGMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -histone O -kinase O -activity O -was O -found O -for O -this O -peak O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -had O -a O -sedimentation O -coefficient O -of O -8S O -and O -binding O -was O -also O -highly O -specific O -for O -cGMP B-Chemical -, O -with O -a O -KD O -of O -0 O -. O -05 O -muM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -abundance O -of O -one O -or O -both O -the O -above O -binding O -proteins O -correlated O -with O -the O -known O -basal O -levels O -of O -cGMP B-Chemical -in O -the O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -isozyme O -dissociates O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -into O -two O -nonidentical O -glycopeptides O -( O -molecular O -weights O -of O -46 O -, O -000 O -and O -22 O -, O -000 O -) O -which O -can O -be O -cross O -- O -linked O -with O -dimethylsuberimidate O -to O -yield O -a O -species O -with O -an O -apparent O -molecular O -weight O -of O -70 O -, O -000 O -, O -which O -indicates O -that O -the O -isozymes O -are O -dimers O -. O - -aps B-category -Rates O -of O -degradation O -of O -the O -mRNAs O -are O -the O -same O -whether O -new O -mRNA O -accumulation O -is O -blocked O -by O -removal O -of O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -inducer O -or O -by O -inhibition O -of O -mRNA O -synthesis O -( O -actinomycin O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -mRNAs O -appear O -to O -be O -translated O -at O -equivalent O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -all O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -agonists O -of O -the O -imidazoline B-Chemical -class O -inhibit O -binding O -in O -low O -concentrations O -, O -whereas O -soterenol O -or O -carbamylcholine O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -a O -molar O -basis O -, O -beta O -- O -endorphin O -is O -18 O -to O -33 O -times O -more O -potent O -than O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -its O -actions O -are O -blocked O -by O -the O -specific O -opiate O -antagonist O -, O -naloxone B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -drugs O -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -upon O -human O -eye O -movement O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnesium B-Chemical -trisilicate O -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -oxide O -showed O -the O -highest O -adsorptive O -capacity O -, O -relative O -to O -other O -antacids O -used O -, O -for O -most O -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -Triacetyloleandomycin O -and O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -had O -intermediate O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -exception O -to O -this O -pattern O -was O -observed O -with O -tetracyclines O -adsorbed O -on O -aluminium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -where O -the O -elution O -with O -acid O -resulted O -in O -a O -higher O -degree O -of O -desorption O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Enthalpimetric O -studies O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Migration O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -and O -mandelic O -and O -salicylic O -acids O -in O -various O -pH O -buffer O -solutions O -examined O -via O -thin O -layer O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -- O -related O -antianesthetic O -and O -antidotal O -property O -of O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -, O -devoid O -of O -toxic O -effects O -, O -imparts O -uniqueness O -to O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -as O -an O -arousal O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -severe O -toxicity O -at O -all O -dose O -levels O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -( O -AcHC O -- O -3 O -) O -, O -the O -acetate O -of O -the O -open O -ring O -( O -seco O -form O -of O -hemicholinium B-Chemical -No O -. O - -aps B-category -AcHC O -- O -3 O -causes O -neuromuscular O -and O -autonomic O -ganglionic O -blockade O -, O -cholinesterase O -inhibition O -, O -and O -in O -vitro O -inhibition O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -ACh O -) O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -these O -larvae O -have O -notable O -ability O -to O -maintain O -salt B-Chemical -balance O -under O -heavy O -dietary O -loading O -, O -and O -in O -this O -the O -rectal O -complex O -plays O -an O -important O -part O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -renal O -function O -of O -some O -seven O -ethnic O -groups O -were O -analysed O -in O -terms O -of O -lung O -volume O -bellows O -function O -, O -gas O -exchange O -and O -responses O -to O -excercise O -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -communication O -describes O -a O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -( O -HOOH O -) O -induced O -chemiluminescence O -( O -CL O -) O -in O -an O -in O -vitro O -aromatic O -( O -proline O -) O -hydroxylation O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -CL O -is O -( O -1 O -) O -nearly O -dissipated O -within O -three O -minutes O -, O -( O -2 O -) O -enhanced O -and O -/ O -or O -sustained O -by O -proline O -and O -polylysine O -to O -a O -greater O -degree O -than O -by O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -( O -3 O -) O -partially O -inhibited O -by O -a O -, O -a O -' O -dipyridyl O -, O -EDTA O -, O -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -( O -4 O -) O -most O -dependent O -upon O -the O -presence O -of O -Fe2 O -+ O -, O -AA O -, O -and O -HOOH O -. O - -aps B-category -Voraciousness O -induced O -in O -cats O -by O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pentobarbital B-Chemical -also O -stimulated O -food O -intake O -, O -but O -was O -much O -less O -potent O -than O -the O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -treatment O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -or O -alternatively O -with O -a O -combination O -of O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -( O -Randolektil O -, O -Majeptil O -) O -a O -drug O -- O -induced O -parkinsonoid O -reaction O -was O -provoked O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentration O -and O -radioactivities O -of O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -glu O -) O -, O -glutamine B-Chemical -( O -gln O -) O -, O -serine O -( O -ser O -) O -, O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -( O -gly O -) O -were O -assayed O -in O -some O -regions O -of O -brain O -and O -in O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -After O -reserpine B-Chemical -, O -the O -concentrations O -of O -serine O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -were O -increased O -ten O -- O -fold O -while O -their O -specific O -activities O -decreased O -by O -the O -same O -factor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -reduced O -while O -its O -specific O -activity O -remained O -constant O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -indicates O -an O -additional O -effect O -on O -the O -serine O -- O -synthesis O -from O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -decreased O -but O -specific O -activity O -was O -constant O -except O -in O -the O -thalamus O -region O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -correlations O -between O -the O -changes O -in O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -metabolism O -, O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -neurologic O -parkinsonian O -symptoms O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -investigation O -sought O -to O -determine O -whether O -the O -stimulus O -properties O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -lysergic O -acid O -diethylamide O -( O -LSD O -) O -would O -generalize O -to O -several O -narcotic O -analgesics O -which O -vary O -in O -their O -subjective O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Depression O -of O -one O -lever O -in O -an O -operant O -chamber O -resulted O -in O -reinforcement O -following O -the O -administration O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -or O -LSD O -and O -the O -opposite O -lever O -was O -reinforced O -after O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -stimulus O -properties O -did O -not O -generalize O -to O -nalorphine O -or O -cyclazocine O -, O -which O -produce O -dissimilar O -subjective O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -oral O -, O -bedtime O -triazolam B-Chemical -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -and O -flurazepam B-Chemical -30 O -mg O -, O -on O -the O -laboratory O -sleep O -of O -12 O -insomniacs O -were O -compared O -in O -a O -double O -blind O -, O -crossover O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -discontinuation O -the O -drugs O -differentially O -affected O -sleep O -, O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -on O -the O -first O -post O -flurazepam B-Chemical -night O -total O -sleep O -time O -was O -significantly O -more O -than O -baseline O -whereas O -on O -first O -post O -triazolam B-Chemical -night O -, O -total O -sleep O -time O -was O -significantly O -less O -than O -baseline O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -levels O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -( O -CPZ O -) O -, O -3 O -of O -its O -metabolites O -and O -prolactin O -were O -measured O -repeatedly O -in O -18 O -chronic O -schizophrenic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -chronic O -patients O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -findings O -during O -acute O -CPZ O -treatment O -, O -neither O -prolactin O -level O -nor O -the O -appearance O -of O -parkinsonian O -symptoms O -was O -related O -to O -plasma O -drug O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Gerbils O -were O -trained O -in O -a O -T O -- O -shaped O -maze O -to O -discriminate O -the O -effects O -produced O -by O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -( O -P O -- O -barb O -. O - -aps B-category -discrimination O -was O -reversed O -by O -megimide O -( O -ED50 O -: O -8 O -. O -5 O -- O -9 O -. O -6 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -metrazol B-Chemical -( O -ED50 O -: O -24 O -. O -9 O -- O -27 O -. O -9 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Metrazol O -( O -40 O -and O -80 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -also O -counteracted O -the O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -response O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -plus O -either O -40 O -or O -80 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -metrazol B-Chemical -from O -saline O -already O -at O -the O -start O -of O -the O -discriminative O -training O -. O - -aps B-category -Nortriptyline O -and O -protriptyline O -, O -antidepressant B-Chemical -compounds O -which O -like O -NMT O -contain O -a O -secondary O -amino B-Chemical -group O -, O -also O -serve O -as O -substrates O -for O -INMT O -but O -lack O -in O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -DMT O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -Sleep O -stages O -and O -release O -patterns O -for O -growth O -hormone O -( O -GH O -) O -, O -luteinizing O -hormone O -( O -LH O -) O -and O -prolactin O -were O -evaluated O -in O -two O -subjects O -during O -a O -three O -week O -period O -in O -which O -flurazepam B-Chemical -30 O -mg O -was O -administered O -nightly O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -decrease O -in O -slow O -wave O -sleep O -produced O -by O -administering O -flurazepam B-Chemical -30 O -mg O -was O -not O -accompanied O -by O -any O -clear O -cut O -changes O -in O -GH O -, O -LH O -or O -prolactin O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -DPL O -in O -chloroform B-Chemical -to O -distilled O -water O -before O -dispersion O -by O -sonication O -did O -not O -prevent O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -humidity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -micro O -- O -method O -for O -determination O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -FIAT O -) O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -( O -GLIAT O -) O -incorporation O -and O -lipolysis O -in O -vitro O -in O -needle O -biopsies O -of O -human O -adipose O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -20 O -- O -150 O -mg O -of O -subcutaneous O -fat O -is O -incubated O -in O -an O -albumin O -buffer O -containing O -a O -physiological O -spectrum O -and O -concentration O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -labelled O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -are O -found O -in O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -part O -and O -the O -labelled O -glucose B-Chemical -only O -in O -the O -glycerol O -part O -of O -extracted O -diglycerides O -and O -triglycerides B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -operation O -, O -synovial O -fluid O -and O -tissue O -samples O -were O -taken O -and O -their O -salicylate B-Chemical -, O -paracetamol B-Chemical -and O -benorylate O -content O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Samples O -of O -synovial O -tissue O -and O -fluid O -from O -the O -affected O -knee O -were O -assayed O -for O -their O -content O -of O -benorylate O -, O -salicylate B-Chemical -and O -paracetamol B-Chemical -in O -an O -attempt O -to O -relat O -these O -concentrations O -to O -the O -length O -of O -medication O -and O -the O -severity O -of O -the O -disease O -process O -as O -measured O -clinically O -, O -by O -X O -- O -ray O -, O -by O -open O -inspection O -at O -operation O -and O -by O -histology O -of O -the O -synovial O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -regard O -to O -the O -level O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -in O -the O -blood O -assays O -showed O -that O -it O -is O -the O -same O -for O -6 O -g O -benorylate O -and O -for O -4 O -g O -aspirin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Benorylate O -( O -Benoral O -, O -Benortan O -) O -is O -the O -esterification O -product O -of O -paracetamol B-Chemical -and O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -studies O -have O -compared O -benorylate O -with O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -and O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -and O -have O -shown O -its O -value O -in O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -, O -osteoarthrosis O -and O -other O -musculoskeletal O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Synovial O -fluid O -and O -plasma O -samples O -were O -obtained O -up O -to O -9 O -hours O -after O -drug O -administration O -and O -assayed O -for O -their O -salicylate B-Chemical -and O -benorylate O -content O -. O - -aps B-category -Muscle O -crossbridges O -: O -absence O -of O -direct O -effect O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -on O -movement O -away O -from O -the O -thick O -filaments O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -implies O -that O -calcium B-Chemical -does O -not O -directly O -move O -the O -crossbridges O -toward O -thin O -filaments O -on O -activation O -of O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -possible O -explanation O -for O -the O -adverse O -effect O -of O -poor O -mechanical O -preparation O -is O -that O -ammonia B-Chemical -released O -from O -feces O -has O -a O -cytotoxic O -effect O -on O -the O -healing O -anastomosis O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -blood O -pH O -on O -the O -various O -effects O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Biochemical O -mechanisms O -of O -action O -of O -hypnotics O -( O -impact O -on O -the O -inhibitory O -synaptic O -transmitters O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -glycine B-Chemical -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synergistic O -effect O -of O -further O -addition O -of O -NADH O -on O -the O -oxidative O -demethylation O -in O -the O -reaction O -system O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -however O -, O -was O -not O -significant O -in O -either O -the O -normal O -or O -the O -dystrophic O -mouse O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -changes O -in O -the O -electrical O -activity O -of O -the O -antrum O -muscle O -fibers O -of O -the O -guinea O -pig O -stomach O -caused O -by O -ATP O -and O -its O -related O -compounds O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -caused O -by O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -actions O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -were O -observed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -tetrodotoxin O -or O -alpha O -- O -blockers O -( O -phentolamine B-Chemical -or O -phenoxybenzamine O -) O -while O -the O -effects O -were O -antagonized O -by O -beta O -- O -blockers O -( O -propranolol B-Chemical -or O -DCI O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -pH O -of O -pleural O -aspirates O -from O -effusions O -and O -empyema O -of O -non O -- O -amoebic O -aetiology O -were O -noted O -to O -have O -an O -alkaline O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -AP O -II O -was O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -MoO4 O -- O -2 O -, O -F O -- O -, O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -Cu2 O -+ O -and O -Be2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -observations O -of O -26 O -patients O -and O -in O -acute O -and O -chronic O -experiments O -on O -31 O -dogs O -under O -conditions O -of O -peritonitis O -the O -author O -studied O -neurohumoral O -relations O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -on O -the O -respiratory O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Studied O -was O -the O -effect O -of O -some O -physical O -factors O -( O -temperature O -, O -pH O -of O -various O -values O -) O -and O -some O -chemical O -ones O -( O -urea B-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -, O -sarcolysin O -, O -methylene O -blue O -, O -acridine O -orange O -, O -pyronin O -, O -crystal O -violet O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -permanganate O -, O -fuchsin O -, O -tetracycline B-Chemical -and O -tetraolean O -) O -on O -phages O -specifically O -lysing O -Pasteurella O -multocida O -strains O -, O -having O -the O -following O -signature O -: O -3 O -, O -4 O -, O -6 O -, O -22 O -, O -32 O -, O -115 O -, O -967 O -, O -1075 O -, O -and O -C O -- O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -urea B-Chemical -did O -not O -inactivate O -I O -group O -phages O -, O -both O -it O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -inactivated O -partially O -II O -and O -III O -group O -phages O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -suitable O -combined O -pH O -electode O -is O -evaluated O -which O -provides O -reproducible O -readings O -under O -the O -extreme O -conditions O -of O -the O -cold O -ethanol B-Chemical -plasma O -fractionation O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -Ultrafiltration O -with O -a O -hollow O -fiber O -device O -was O -studied O -as O -an O -alternative O -method O -to O -the O -lyophilization O -or O -thin O -- O -layer O -distillation O -techniques O -in O -the O -production O -of O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -poor I-Chemical -, O -concentrated O -human O -albumin O -preparations O -for O -clinical O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -group O -received O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -in O -high O -dosage O -; O -a O -second O -group O -was O -given O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -before O -and O -after O -bilateral O -clamping O -of O -the O -renal O -artery O -for O -30 O -minutes O -; O -in O -the O -third O -group O -the O -renal O -arteries O -were O -clamped O -for O -30 O -or O -60 O -minutes O -; O -the O -last O -group O -of O -experimental O -animals O -received O -first O -low O -( O -2mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -4mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -subsequently O -high O -doses O -( O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -low O -doses O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -the O -urinary O -enzymes O -remained O -within O -normal O -limits O -, O -but O -increased O -immediately O -to O -significantly O -pathological O -values O -after O -the O -first O -dose O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -gentamicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -with O -hyperthyroidism O -the O -serum O -activities O -of O -the O -leucine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -( O -LAP O -) O -and O -the O -alanine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -( O -AAP O -) O -as O -well O -as O -the O -alanine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -excretion O -in O -the O -urine O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -medical O -treatment O -does O -not O -lead B-Chemical -to O -complete O -remission O -within O -a O -few O -months O -, O -surgery O -must O -be O -performed O -. O - -aps B-category -GIP O -( O -" O -gastric O -inhibitory O -peptide O -" O -) O -, O -apart O -form O -acting O -upon O -the O -intestinal O -tract O -, O -also O -causes O -a O -marked O -rise O -in O -insulin O -production O -; O -this O -GIP O -possibly O -is O -the O -factor O -responsible O -for O -the O -difference O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -following O -i O -. O -v O -. O -or O -oral O -administration O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -something O -that O -scientists O -have O -been O -trying O -to O -discover O -for O -a O -long O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -action O -of O -the O -parathormone O -antagonist O -calcitonin B-Chemical -on O -the O -exocrine O -functions O -of O -the O -intestinal O -tract O -, O -such O -as O -the O -acid O -secretion O -of O -the O -stomach O -and O -the O -enzyme O -secretion O -of O -the O -pancreas O -, O -have O -already O -given O -rise O -to O -some O -considerations O -and O -experiments O -relative O -to O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -this O -, O -the O -socalled O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -- O -antagonists O -have O -an O -excellent O -relaxing O -effect O -on O -myometrium O -in O -vitro O -, O -but O -they O -are O -clinically O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -low O -pH O -, O -the O -iron B-Chemical -exists O -in O -the O -HPp O -in O -the O -high O -- O -spin O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synergistic O -effects O -of O -four O -sucrose B-Chemical -substitutes O -, O -polysorbate O -and O -five O -artificial O -sweeteners O -were O -studied O -in O -vitro O -on O -growth O -pattern O -and O -acid O -production O -of O -seven O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -grown I-Chemical -Streptococcus O -mutans O -strains O -, O -representing O -the O -five O -serological O -groups O -after O -Bratthall O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -added O -sucrose B-Chemical -substitutes O -, O -with O -exceptions O -, O -usually O -enhanced O -growth O -rate O -, O -most O -artificial O -sweeteners O -suppressed O -or O -, O -at O -higher O -concentrations O -, O -even O -inhibited O -growth O -of O -S O -. O -mutans O -; O -addition O -of O -polysorbate O -to O -the O -medium O -always O -increased O -growth O -rate O -of O -S O -. O -mutans O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -observed O -physiological O -patterns O -and O -differences O -within O -the O -several O -strains O -of O -S O -. O -mutans O -during O -glucose B-Chemical -fermentation O -in O -vitro O -do O -not O -necessarily O -relate O -to O -the O -five O -serological O -groups O -of O -the O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Ultraviolet O -and O -infrared O -absorption O -spectroscopy O -, O -in O -aqueous O -and O -non O -- O -aqueous O -media O -, O -have O -been O -employed O -to O -study O -the O -tautomerism O -of O -9 O -- O -substituted O -isoguanines O -, O -including O -the O -nucleoside B-Chemical -isoguanosine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -shift O -towards O -this O -form O -is O -accentuated O -for O -those O -analogues O -in O -which O -the O -exocyclic O -amino B-Chemical -group O -is O -methylated O -. O - -aps B-category -Syntheses O -are O -described O -for O -several O -N6 O -amino B-Chemical -and O -methylamino O -derivatives O -of O -2 O -- O -methoxy O -- O -9 O -- O -methylpurine O -, O -and O -3 O -- O -methyl O -- O -5 O -- O -oxo O -- O -7 O -, O -8 O -- O -dihydroimidazo O -( O -2 O -, O -1 O -- O -i O -) O -purine B-Chemical -, O -which O -served O -as O -an O -analogue O -of O -the O -unavailable O -1 O -, O -9 O -- O -dimethylisoguanine O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -a O -functioning O -thymidylate O -biosynthesis O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -inhibition O -is O -only O -temporary O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -22 O -normal O -boys O -, O -33 O -unilateral O -and O -14 O -bilateral O -cryptorchids O -, O -a O -gonadal O -function O -test O -( O -2000 O -IU O -of O -HCG O -im O -each O -day O -for O -three O -days O -and O -assays O -of O -plasma O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -plasma O -oestradiol O -- O -17beta O -before O -and O -after O -the O -HCG O -administration O -) O -as O -well O -as O -an O -LH O -- O -RH O -test O -were O -carried O -out O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -testosterone B-Chemical -levels O -, O -both O -under O -basal O -conditions O -and O -after O -stimulus O -, O -are O -correlated O -to O -bone O -age O -only O -in O -the O -normal O -boys O -and O -in O -the O -unilateral O -cryptorchids O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -safety O -and O -efficacy O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -were O -investigated O -in O -97 O -caesarean O -sections O -using O -0 O -. O -4 O -- O -0 O -. O -6 O -% O -halothane B-Chemical -added O -to O -a O -mixture O -of O -61 O -N2O O -/ O -3 O -- O -4 O -1 O -O2 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -17 O -caesarean O -sections O -, O -the O -halothane B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -examined O -after O -0 O -. O -9 O -% O -halothane B-Chemical -had O -been O -given O -for O -exactly O -1 O -min O -after O -intubation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -levels O -in O -the O -maternal O -artery O -, O -maternal O -vein O -and O -umbilical O -vein O -were O -markedly O -higher O -than O -in O -the O -umbilical O -artery O -, O -which O -indicated O -an O -accumulation O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -in O -the O -foetal O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -half O -- O -life O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -in O -the O -maternal O -circulation O -was O -approximately O -1 O -min O -with O -the O -described O -method O -of O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -on O -the O -systemic O -and O -pulmonary O -circulation O -of O -unsupplemented O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -in O -about O -30 O -% O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -with O -and O -without O -IPPV O -, O -was O -investigated O -in O -five O -cardiac O -patients O -and O -compared O -with O -control O -periods O -at O -rest O -with O -air O -breathing O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -this O -study O -support O -many O -earlier O -clinicaly O -good O -experiences O -obtained O -when O -using O -this O -conventional O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxygen I-Chemical -mixture O -in O -cardiac O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Gomori O -' O -s O -metal O -precipitate O -technique O -was O -used O -to O -demonstrate O -the O -phosphatase O -activity O -using O -four O -different O -substrates O -: O -sodium B-Chemical -beta O -- O -glycerophosphate O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -at O -pH O -9 O -, O -riboflavin B-Chemical -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -2 O -and O -5 O -- O -monophosphoric O -acid O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Neutralization O -of O -the O -carboxyl O -group O -decreases O -the O -stability O -of O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groupings O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -SH O -- O -stability O -of O -the O -product O -is O -satisfactory O -when O -neutralized O -in O -nitrogen B-Chemical -atmosphere O -to O -pH O -3 O -- O -- O -5 O -; O -a O -loss O -of O -only O -5 O -per O -cent O -can O -be O -expected O -after O -storing O -in O -an O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -molar O -solution O -for O -144 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Steady O -- O -state O -concentrations O -of O -the O -key O -intermediates O -from O -the O -glycolytic O -, O -pentose B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -and O -sorbitol O -pathways O -as O -well O -as O -the O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -were O -measured O -from O -the O -lens O -after O -0 O -. O -25 O -% O -phospholine O -iodide O -had O -been O -instilled O -into O -rabbits O -' O -eyes O -twice O -a O -day O -for O -18 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -total O -NADP O -concentrations O -as O -well O -as O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -/ O -NADP O -+ O -ratio O -were O -decreased O -, O -and O -therefore O -total O -NAD O -/ O -total O -NADP O -ratio O -increased O -after O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -testosterone B-Chemical -excretion O -was O -elevated O -in O -unilateral O -and O -bilateral O -cases O -of O -undescended O -testis O -under O -9 O -years O -of O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -pubertal O -stage O -V O -the O -testosterone B-Chemical -excretion O -was O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -HCG O -stimulation O -, O -the O -testosterone B-Chemical -excretion O -increased O -at O -all O -ages O -studied O -whereas O -the O -androstenedione O -excretion O -increased O -only O -in O -bilateral O -cases O -under O -11 O -years O -of O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Letter O -: O -Chronotropism O -and O -concentration O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -were O -markedly O -exaggerated O -when O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -in O -the O -vascular O -wall O -were O -activated O -by O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Variations O -in O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -of O -the O -buffer O -solution O -between O -16 O -mmHg O -and O -64 O -mmHg O -produced O -no O -consistent O -change O -, O -provided O -the O -pH O -remained O -constant O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -body O -potassium B-Chemical -has O -been O -estimated O -in O -26 O -hypertensive O -patients O -who O -were O -hypokalaemic O -as O -a O -result O -of O -long O -- O -term O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -treatment O -( O -mean O -20 O -. O -5 O -months O -) O -, O -while O -they O -were O -on O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -and O -4 O -weeks O -after O -this O -had O -been O -discontinued O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -mechanism O -causing O -the O -initial O -potassium B-Chemical -loss O -is O -partly O -reversed O -or O -compensated O -later O -on O -. O - -aps B-category -Eighteen O -of O -our O -patients O -received O -39 O -mEq O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -supplements O -daily O -for O -4 O -weeks O -; O -this O -caused O -a O -mean O -rise O -in O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -from O -3 O -. O -23 O -mEq O -/ O -l O -to O -3 O -. O -38 O -mEq O -/ O -l O -( O -not O -significant O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -supplements O -are O -not O -an O -effective O -treatment O -of O -hypokalaemia O -in O -this O -condition O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypokalaemia O -in O -hypertensive O -patients O -on O -long O -- O -term O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -treatment O -cannot O -be O -explained O -by O -either O -a O -potassium B-Chemical -deficiency O -or O -the O -change O -in O -extracellular O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Seventy O -moderately O -alcohol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -discordant I-Chemical -male O -twin O -pairs O -have O -been O -investigated O -with O -respect O -to O -some O -liver O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Especially O -S O -- O -GT O -was O -found O -to O -be O -a O -valuable O -and O -sensitive O -test O -in O -the O -detection O -of O -even O -a O -moderate O -alcohol B-Chemical -intake O -in O -working O -and O -socially O -well O -adapted O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -responses O -to O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -and O -to O -physostigmine B-Chemical -are O -related O -respectively O -to O -motor O -pattern O -and O -to O -verbal O -or O -non O -- O -verbal O -communication O -. O - -aps B-category -Composition O -and O -enzymatic O -properties O -of O -the O -mitochondrial O -NADH O -- O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ubiquinone I-Chemical -reductase O -( O -complex O -I O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -well O -known O -that O -the O -reaction O -with O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -is O -quite O -different O -for O -the O -two O -types O -of O -hemoproteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -lung O -lysyl O -oxidase O -, O -a O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -enzyme I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Biological O -effects O -of O -cyclosporin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -: O -a O -new O -antilymphocytic O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -evidence O -suggests O -that O -cyclosporin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -, O -rather O -than O -being O -cytostatic O -or O -lympholytic O -, O -affects O -an O -early O -stage O -of O -mitogenic O -triggering O -of O -the O -immunocompetent O -lymphoid O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -level O -of O -radioactivity O -recovered O -from O -the O -larva O -was O -higher O -than O -that O -remaining O -in O -the O -injected O -adult O -, O -and O -the O -radioactivity O -recovered O -was O -considerably O -higher O -in O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -than O -in O -the O -lipid O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -and O -excreta O -from O -females O -in O -early O -pregnancy O -showed O -significantly O -higher O -radioactivity O -than O -those O -from O -females O -in O -late O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Bioavailabe O -copper B-Chemical -and O -iron B-Chemical -in O -rat O -diets O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -Haemophilus O -infections O -, O -the O -cure O -rates O -with O -amoxicillin B-Chemical -and O -the O -erythromycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trisulfapyrimidines I-Chemical -mixture O -were O -significantly O -better O -than O -with O -the O -other O -two O -regimens O -, O -and O -serous O -otitis O -did O -not O -occur O -during O -the O -follow O -- O -up O -period O -; O -however O -, O -new O -episodes O -of O -otitis O -were O -comparable O -in O -the O -four O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Circulatory O -response O -to O -atropine B-Chemical -in O -sheep O -fetus O -. O - -aps B-category -Atropine B-Chemical -was O -capable O -of O -increasing O -the O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -metabolic O -acidosis O -lowered O -the O -pH O -of O -plasma O -and O -milk O -; O -Pco O -( O -2 O -) O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -plasma O -were O -lowered O -, O -and O -in O -milk O -Pco O -( O -2 O -) O -was O -raised O -and O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -remained O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -metabolic O -alkalosis O -raised O -the O -blood O -pH O -and O -milk O -Pco O -( O -2 O -) O -; O -plasma O -Pco O -( O -2 O -) O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -blood O -and O -milk O -remained O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -activity O -was O -affected O -by O -OAA O -when O -added O -after O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -decanoate O -, O -butyrate O -, O -or O -lipoate O -- O -propionate O -- O -inhibited O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Tracer O -and O -chromatographic O -techniques O -showed O -that O -lipoate O -reduced O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -increased O -OAA O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -somatic O -afferent O -C O -fiber O -stimulation O -on O -regional O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -( O -rCBF O -) O -and O -cerebral O -tissue O -available O -oxygen B-Chemical -( O -aO2 O -) O -was O -studied O -in O -20 O -dogs O -under O -chloralose B-Chemical -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Interorgan O -transport O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -hemorrhagic O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -arginine O -concentrations O -declined O -sharply O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -changes O -in O -AA O -movements O -and O -concentrations O -were O -within O -normal O -limits O -until O -late O -in O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -inhibitor O -metiamide O -on O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -canine O -bile O -flow O -and O -gastric O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -output O -were O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -metiamide O -, O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -h O -, O -along O -with O -various O -doses O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -demonstrated O -that O -the O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -decreased O -bile O -volume O -and O -gastric O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -output O -from O -values O -obtained O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -administration O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -the O -mechanism O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -choleresis O -is O -different O -from O -the O -mechanism O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -gastric O -acid O -output O -and O -that O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -bile O -flow O -may O -not O -be O -the O -result O -of O -direct O -hormone O -- O -receptor O -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Pooled O -mouse O -submaxillary O -gland O -slices O -were O -incubated O -in O -Krebs O -- O -Ringer O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -medium O -following O -a O -preincubation O -period O -, O -and O -renin O -release O -was O -measured O -by O -a O -radioimmunoassay O -for O -the O -direct O -measurement O -of O -submaxillary O -gland O -renin O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -agonists O -, O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -or O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -significantly O -increased O -renin O -release O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -vs O -. O -control O -) O -while O -decreasing O -tissue O -cAMP B-Chemical -levels O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -vs O -. O -control O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -of O -the O -slices O -with O -the O -alpha O -- O -blocker O -phenoxy O -genzamine O -inhibited O -the O -effect O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -renin O -release O -from O -the O -kidney O -which O -is O -stimulated O -by O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonists O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -rate O -of O -JH O -was O -not O -decreased O -by O -low O -concentrations O -of O -CA O -inhibitors O -( O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -, O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -although O -the O -percent O -CO2 O -at O -which O -this O -maximum O -rate O -occurred O -increased O -to O -8 O -. O -5 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -depletion O -on O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -homeostasis O -. O - -aps B-category -Stress O -- O -induced O -response O -of O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -after O -repeated O -or O -continuous O -chloroform B-Chemical -inhalation O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -of O -malic O -enzyme O -by O -affinity O -chromatography O -on O -immobilized O -N6 O -- O -( O -6 O -- O -aminohexyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -2 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -bisphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -improved O -method O -for O -determination O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -K I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Sertoli O -cells O -in O -testicular O -biopsies O -from O -7 O -patients O -with O -Sertoli O -- O -cell O -only O -syndrome O -, O -8 O -patients O -who O -had O -been O -treated O -with O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -for O -testicular O -neoplasia O -, O -8 O -patients O -with O -oligozoospermia O -, O -7 O -patients O -with O -cryptorchidism O -, O -and O -8 O -patients O -with O -seminoma O -were O -examined O -under O -the O -electron O -microscope O -and O -compared O -with O -Sertoli O -cells O -of O -normal O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -caused O -a O -comparable O -reduction O -of O -heart O -rate O -, O -but O -significantly O -reduced O -cardiac O -output O -( O -- O -27 O -per O -cent O -) O -, O -aortic O -blood O -flow O -acceleration O -( O -- O -26 O -per O -cent O -) O -, O -and O -peak O -LV O -power O -( O -- O -19 O -per O -cent O -) O -, O -and O -increased O -systemic O -vascular O -resistance O -( O -+ O -49 O -per O -cent O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Graduated O -blood O -loss O -during O -anesthesia O -, O -to O -a O -total O -of O -25 O -per O -cent O -of O -blood O -volume O -, O -caused O -consistent O -circulatory O -changes O -( O -decreased O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -cardiac O -output O -, O -peak O -LV O -power O -, O -LV O -minute O -work O -) O -that O -were O -essentially O -similar O -before O -and O -after O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blockade O -with O -either O -propranolol B-Chemical -or O -practolol O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Antinuclear O -antibodies O -and O -lupus O -due O -to O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -in O -600 O -hospitalized O -patients O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -enzymatic O -method O -for O -the O -measurement O -of O -methotrexate B-Chemical -( O -MTX O -) O -in O -serum O -is O -presented O -in O -which O -the O -inhibition O -of O -the O -enzyme O -dihydrofolate O -reductase O -by O -MTX O -is O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Stool O -chromatography O -in O -13 O -showed O -lactose O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -galactose B-Chemical -, O -or O -a O -variable O -combination O -of O -these O -sugars O -- O -- O -that O -is O -, O -a O -pattern O -consistent O -with O -lactose O -malabsorption O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -21 O -children O -the O -testosterone B-Chemical -levels O -after O -3 O -and O -5 O -daily O -injections O -of O -1000 O -units O -HCG O -were O -compared O -and O -good O -correlation O -was O -found O -between O -the O -paired O -results O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -- O -93 O -) O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -5 O -- O -day O -HCG O -test O -has O -no O -advantage O -over O -the O -3 O -- O -day O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -10 O -boys O -with O -anorchia O -showed O -little O -response O -to O -HCG O -stimulation O -, O -but O -in O -patients O -with O -other O -disorders O -, O -such O -as O -micropenis O -( O -10 O -) O -, O -cryptorchidism O -( O -8 O -) O -, O -hermaphroditism O -( O -3 O -) O -, O -male O -pseudohermaphroditism O -( O -13 O -) O -, O -hypospadias O -( O -3 O -) O -, O -and O -sex O -chromosome O -anomalies O -( O -6 O -) O -, O -there O -was O -considerable O -variation O -in O -the O -plasma O -testosterone B-Chemical -level O -after O -HCG O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extraction O -in O -dilute O -buffer O -or O -sucrose B-Chemical -yielded O -low O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Sympathomimetic O -amines B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -peak O -tension O -, O -time O -to O -peak O -and O -time O -to O -half O -- O -relaxation O -of O -indirectly O -elicited O -twitches O -of O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -soleus O -muscle O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -a O -molar O -basis O -salbutamol B-Chemical -and O -orciprenaline B-Chemical -were O -5 O -. O -12 O -and O -80 O -. O -0 O -times O -less O -potent O -than O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -isoprenaline I-Chemical -in O -producing O -these O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -amines B-Chemical -on O -twitches O -and O -clonic O -contractions O -of O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -soleus O -muscle O -are O -qualitatively O -similar O -to O -those O -reported O -previously O -in O -the O -cat O -soleus O -muscle O -preparation O -, O -which O -has O -been O -used O -to O -assess O -the O -possible O -tremorogenic O -actions O -of O -sympathomimetic O -bronchodilators O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -respect O -to O -the O -biochemical O -parameters O -studied O -, O -only O -a O -tendency O -of O -LL O -21 O -- O -945 O -to O -moderate O -the O -rises O -in O -blood O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -total O -glycerides O -and O -urea B-Chemical -was O -observed O -towards O -the O -end O -of O -the O -experiment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -superior O -mesenteric O -blood O -flow O -response O -to O -intra O -- O -arterial O -injections O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -25 O -mug O -) O -and O -infusions O -( O -5 O -- O -30 O -mug O -/ O -min O -) O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -) O -was O -investigated O -in O -anesthetized O -cats O -in O -which O -nerve O -activity O -to O -the O -intestine O -was O -altered O -by O -surgical O -and O -pharmacological O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -periarterial O -nerves O -are O -cut O -either O -at O -the O -start O -of O -or O -during O -the O -experiments O -, O -vasodilatation O -is O -elicited O -over O -the O -entire O -dose O -range O -, O -and O -doses O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -which O -initially O -produce O -vasoconstriction O -elicit O -vasodilatation O -after O -nerve O -sectioning O -and O -also O -after O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrophysiologically O -determined O -quinidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -actions O -of O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -, O -1 O -- O -( O -7 O -- O -indenyloxy O -) O -- O -3 O -- O -isopropylaminopropane O -- O -2 O -- O -ol O -hydrochloride O -( O -YB O -- O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -trimepranol O -on O -the O -binding O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -in O -myocardial O -subcellular O -fractions O -of O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -has O -been O -studied O -and O -compared O -with O -the O -effect O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -phentolamine B-Chemical -and O -ephedrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Trimepranol O -, O -in O -low O -concentrations O -, O -inhibited O -the O -binding O -of O -3H O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -; O -in O -higher O -concentrations O -the O -binding O -of O -3H O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -was O -stimulated O -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -sympathomimetic O -drugs O -: O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -alpha O -- O -methylnoradrenaline O -, O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -tyramine O -, O -amphetamine B-Chemical -, O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -were O -applied O -to O -preparations O -which O -were O -field O -- O -stimulated O -at O -10 O -sec O -intervals O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -urethral O -preparation O -all O -except O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -, O -which O -often O -enhanced O -twitches O -, O -inhibited O -responses O -to O -field O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -responses O -to O -tyramine O -persisted O -in O -urethral O -segments O -treated O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -in O -urethral O -segments O -taken O -from O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -, O -and O -thus O -tyramine O -may O -have O -some O -direct O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -potassium B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -equally O -effective O -in O -contracting O -both O -segments O -, O -but O -the O -time O -courses O -of O -contractions O -differed O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -) O -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -A1 O -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -) O -were O -found O -to O -dilate O -the O -renal O -vasculature O -and O -increase O -total O -kidney O -blood O -flow O -in O -be O -anesthetized O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversely O -, O -indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -the O -dog O -at O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -did O -not O -reduce O -the O -dopamin O -renal O -vascular O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norepinephrine I-Chemical -release O -in O -cutaneous O -veins O -after O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -39 O -patients O -with O -ketoacidosis O -, O -with O -a O -mean O -plasma O -beta O -- O -hydroxybutyrate O -concentration O -of O -12 O -. O -4 O -millimols O -/ O -liter O -, O -the O -plasma O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -less O -than O -3 O -. O -6 O -millimols O -/ O -liter O -in O -28 O -and O -moderately O -elevated O -in O -11 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -six O -of O -ten O -episodes O -of O -presumed O -and O -later O -proved O -lactic O -acidosis O -, O -despite O -negative O -or O -weakly O -positive O -serum O -reactions O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -, O -the O -plasma O -beta O -- O -hydroxybutyrate O -concentration O -was O -elevated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -incorporation O -and O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isobutyric I-Chemical -acid O -( O -AIB O -) O -uptake O -of O -an O -alkalophilic O -Bacillus O -grown O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -2 O -( O -the O -pH O -8 O -- O -bacteria O -) O -were O -much O -less O -pH O -dependent O -( O -less O -alkalophilic O -) O -than O -those O -of O -the O -organisms O -grown O -at O -pH O -10 O -. O -0 O -( O -the O -pH O -10 O -- O -bacteria O -) O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Mg O -dependence O -and O -other O -properties O -of O -fructose O -- O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphatase O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphatase I-Chemical -in O -various O -organs O -of O -cattle O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Microsomal O -fractions O -of O -cattle O -liver O -and O -kidney O -caused O -high O -activity O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphatase I-Chemical -, O -but O -only O -low O -action O -was O -obtained O -be O -using O -microsomal O -fractions O -of O -mesenteric O -mucous O -membrane O -or O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -this O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -nor O -purifed O -inhibitor O -acted O -on O -other O -intestinal O -peptidases O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -by O -electron O -capture O -GLC O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -mass O -spectrometry O -it O -is O -demonstrated O -, O -that O -lorazepam B-Chemical -shows O -a O -thermal O -rearrangement O -under O -gas O -chromatographic O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -imaginal O -discs O -of O -Drosophila O -melanogaster O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -rainbow O -trout O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -erythrocyte O -' O -ghosts O -' O -were O -solubilized O -in O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -( O -w O -/ O -v O -) O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -0 O -( O -I O -= O -0 O -. O -012 O -mol O -/ O -I O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Elution O -with O -increasing O -- O -pH O -gradients O -at O -different O -concentrations O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -showed O -that O -glycophorin O -( O -the O -major O -sialoglycoprotein O -) O -was O -eluted O -in O -the O -void O -volume O -, O -at O -recoveries O -close O -to O -100 O -% O -, O -when O -the O -detergent O -concentration O -was O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -0 O -. O -3 O -% O -( O -w O -/ O -v O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -physiological O -pH O -the O -fluorescence O -enhancement O -is O -higher O -with O -the O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deprived I-Chemical -than O -with O -the O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -saturated I-Chemical -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -data O -for O -the O -formation O -of O -Compound O -I O -with O -H2O2 B-Chemical -and O -for O -the O -reaction O -of O -deuteroferrihaem O -with O -H2O2 B-Chemical -and O -peroxobenzoic O -acids O -, O -to O -form O -a O -peroxidatically O -active O -intermediate O -, O -are O -included O -for O -comparison O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximal O -rate O -constants O -for O -Compound O -I O -formation O -with O -unhindered O -peroxobenzoic O -acids O -exceed O -that O -for O -H2O2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NADP I-Chemical -+ O -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -49 O -) O -from O -baker O -' O -s O -yeast O -( O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -) O -was O -immobilized O -on O -CNBr O -- O -activated O -Sepharose O -4B O -with O -retention O -of O -about O -3 O -% O -of O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -of O -the O -inhibitor O -was O -52000 O -by O -sedimentation O -equilibrium O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -/ O -polyacrylamide O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -change O -at O -alkaline O -pH O -was O -associated O -with O -ionization O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -catalysed O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NADP I-Chemical -+ O -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -49 O -) O -from O -baker O -' O -s O -yeast O -was O -studied O -in O -42mM O -- O -glycylglycine O -buffer O -, O -pH7 O -. O -4 O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -, O -by O -initial O -- O -velocity O -studies O -and O -by O -the O -use O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -as O -a O -product O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -velocity O -of O -the O -pantothenase O -- O -catalysed O -hydrolysis O -of O -pantothenate O -was O -studied O -over O -pH5 O -. O -5 O -- O -9 O -, O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -oxalate O -or O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -as O -an O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -independent O -Km O -is O -7 O -. O -6mM O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -at O -20 O -degrees O -C O -; O -the O -corresponding O -Kapp O -. O -m O -value O -at O -pH7 O -is O -15 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -by O -oxalate O -or O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -is O -of O -non O -- O -competitive O -type O -and O -depends O -on O -pH O -, O -the O -inhibitors O -being O -effective O -at O -acidic O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylmethanesulphonyl O -fluoride B-Chemical -was O -capable O -of O -inactivating O -pantothenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -the O -third O -hypervariable O -region O -of O -the O -H O -chain O -, O -each O -antibody O -has O -a O -different O -length O -: O -BS O -- O -1 O -is O -three O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -shorter O -than O -K O -- O -25 O -and O -two O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -shorter O -than O -BS O -- O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequences O -of O -these O -three O -anti O -- O -pneumococcal O -antibodies O -, O -the O -results O -do O -not O -support O -the O -concept O -of O -a O -simple O -correlation O -between O -primary O -structure O -in O -the O -hypervariable O -sections O -( O -known O -to O -determine O -the O -shape O -of O -the O -combining O -site O -) O -and O -antigen O -- O -binding O -specificity O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -with O -rat O -liver O -homogenates O -showed O -that O -on O -subcellular O -fractionation O -the O -ability O -to O -catalyse O -the O -conversion O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -into O -tri O -- O -iodothyronine O -was O -lost O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -enzymic O -activity O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -and O -EDTA O -in O -medium O -of O -low O -osmolarity O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -it O -was O -shown O -that O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -play O -an O -essential O -role O -in O -the O -conversion O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -into O -tri O -- O -iodothyronine O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -the O -chromophores O -of O -mitochondrial O -NADH O -- O -ubiquinone O -reductase O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -reaches O -only O -50 O -% O -of O -the O -extent O -of O -reduction O -by O -NADH O -, O -monitored O -at O -450 O -nm O -. O - -aps B-category -Haemolysis O -induced O -by O -tyrosine B-Chemical -crystals O -: O -Modifiers O -and O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Haemolysis O -induced O -by O -tyrosine B-Chemical -was O -inhibited O -by O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -( O -mol O -. O -wt O -. O - -aps B-category -Non O -- O -ionic O -detergents O -may O -inhibit O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -crystal I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -haemolysis O -by O -binding O -the O -phenolic O -groups O -at O -the O -surface O -of O -the O -crystal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -incorporating I-Chemical -activities O -of O -free O -polyribosomes O -, O -rough O -membranes O -and O -rough O -membranes O -reconstituted O -in O -vitro O -, O -derived O -from O -rat O -liver O -, O -were O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -Free O -polyribosomes O -irreversibly O -lost O -part O -of O -their O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -incorporating I-Chemical -capacity O -after O -they O -had O -become O -bound O -to O -rough O -membrane O -, O -from O -which O -the O -original O -ribosomes O -had O -been O -removed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sulphotransferase O -has O -a O -greater O -affinity O -for O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methoxyphenyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethanol I-Chemical -than O -has O -glucuronyltransferase O -, O -as O -indicated O -by O -their O -respective O -Km O -values O -of O -0 O -. O -036 O -and O -1 O -. O -3 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -Chiroptical O -properties O -of O -fluorescamine O -condensation O -compounds O -with O -secondary O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -situ O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -NADH O -oxidation O -during O -NADPH B-Chemical -dependent O -microsomal O -electron O -transport O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -derived I-Chemical -nucleotide B-Chemical -formation O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -a O -new O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -, O -carteolol B-Chemical -, O -based O -on O -metabolic O -responses O -in O -rats O -- O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -some O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -and O -antidepressive O -agents O -with O -human O -coeruloplasmin O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -aspects O -in O -the O -pharmacology O -of O -diclonium O -bromide B-Chemical -( O -2 O -- O -( O -3 O -, O -2 O -- O -dichloroanilino O -) O -quinolizinium O -bromide B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Diclonium O -bromide B-Chemical -was O -a O -nonselective O -antispasmodic O -but O -, O -unlike O -papaverine B-Chemical -, O -caused O -profound O -antagonism O -against O -smooth O -muscle O -contractile O -responses O -to O -intrinsic O -motor O -neural O -excitation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antibacterial O -activity O -of O -sisomicin O -- O -- O -a O -new O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotic O -- O -- O -as O -compared O -with O -gentamicin B-Chemical -was O -tested O -on O -521 O -bacterial O -strains O -of O -different O -species O -in O -a O -serial O -- O -dilution O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rabbits O -, O -the O -skin O -capillary O -permeability O -increase O -, O -due O -to O -chloroform B-Chemical -, O -was O -reduced O -both O -after O -i O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -the O -animal O -species O -investigated O -, O -anthocyanosides O -were O -two O -- O -fold O -more O -active O -when O -compared O -to O -the O -flavonoid B-Chemical -rutin O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -trachea O -, O -the O -maximum O -relaxing O -responses O -to O -five O -agonists O -were O -similar O -, O -but O -the O -order O -of O -potency O -was O -BD O -40A O -greater O -than O -trimetoquinol O -greater O -than O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -salbutamol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -orciprenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Salbutamol B-Chemical -showed O -the O -high O -selectivity O -for O -trachea O -, O -whereas O -orciprenaline B-Chemical -and O -trimetoquinol O -were O -equipotent O -on O -trachea O -and O -atria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -choice O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -schizophrenia O -: O -a O -critical O -review O -. O - -aps B-category -plasma O -levels O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -correlated O -weakly O -with O -clinical O -improvement O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -the O -phasic O -phenomena O -of O -REM O -( O -rapid O -eye O -movement O -) O -sleep O -, O -the O -ponto O -- O -geniculo O -- O -occipital O -( O -PGO O -) O -waves O -, O -are O -induced O -in O -cats O -by O -either O -depleting O -brain O -monoamines B-Chemical -with O -the O -benzoquinolizine O -derivative O -Ro O -4 O -- O -1284 O -or O -inhibiting O -the O -synthesis O -of O -5 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -tryptamine O -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -by O -p O -- O -chlorophenylalanine O -( O -PCPA B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -increase O -the O -density O -of O -GO O -waves O -by O -blocking O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -NE O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Benzoldiazepines O -appear O -to O -enhance O -a O -( O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -) O -- O -ergic O -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -- O -ergic O -inhibitory O -influence O -on O -NE O -neurons O -and O -increase O -the O -density O -of O -PGO O -waves O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -functionally O -intact O -NE O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -anxiolytics O -, O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -and O -antidepressants B-Chemical -induce O -characteristic O -changes O -in O -the O -objective O -sleep O -parameters O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraperitioneal O -injection O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -sulfate O -, O -0 O -. O -3 O -- O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -led O -to O -a O -marked O -rise O -in O -dopa O -formation O -in O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -rich O -areas O -c O -. O -striatum O -and O -mesolibbic O -cortex O -of O -the O -rat O -brain O -inhibiton O -of O -the O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -with O -3 O -- O -hydroxybenzylhydrazine O -HCL O -( O -NSD O -1015 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -combination O -with O -haloperidol B-Chemical -the O -stimulating O -effect O -of O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -on O -dopa O -formation O -was O -markedly O -potentiated O -by O -amphetamine B-Chemical -in O -rat O -forebrain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -functional O -antagonists O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -appear O -to O -have O -synergistic O -effects O -on O -dopaminergic O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -acute O -and O -chronic O -experiments O -investigations O -were O -made O -concerning O -the O -effect O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -sulpiride B-Chemical -and O -carpipramine O -on O -MHPG B-Chemical -, O -HVA O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -in O -rat O -brain O -and O -on O -motor O -activity O -of O -the O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -10 O -days O -of O -treatment O -this O -effected O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -diminished O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -elevation O -was O -maintained O -after O -chronic O -treatment O -with O -carpipramine O -and O -sulpiride B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -clozapine B-Chemical -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -decreased O -the O -MHPG B-Chemical -content O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -clozapine B-Chemical -induced O -a O -strong O -increase O -of O -HVA O -which O -decreased O -after O -11 O -days O -in O -those O -animals O -treated O -with O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -rat O -striatal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -by O -phospholipids O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -change O -in O -the O -Km O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -was O -observed O -, O -The O -sedimentation O -pattern O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -on O -linear O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -showed O -no O -indication O -of O -enzyme O -dissociation O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -lysolecithin O -at O -maximal O -stimulatory O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -a O -possible O -role O -for O -phospholipids O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Giving O -flurazepam B-Chemical -and O -placebo O -to O -students O -as O -subjects O -, O -the O -free O -description O -of O -drug O -- O -effects O -( O -FD O -) O -was O -compared O -to O -the O -description O -by O -a O -questionaire O -( O -QD O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -examine O -the O -effects O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -various O -doses O -of O -a O -thienodiazepine B-Chemical -( O -Bay O -g O -5653 O -) O -, O -a O -drug O -under O -investigation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -of O -4 O -- O -OH O -- O -phenazone O -, O -the O -principal O -hydroxylated O -metabolite O -excreted O -in O -the O -urine O -, O -was O -66 O -mg O -/ O -24 O -h O -in O -the O -perazine O -group O -, O -and O -significantly O -different O -from O -the O -results O -obtained O -in O -the O -control O -group O -: O -185 O -mg O -/ O -24 O -h O -. O -In O -contrast B-Chemical -the O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -the O -unchanged O -phenazone O -increased O -from O -29 O -to O -40 O -mg O -/ O -24 O -h O -under O -perazine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -establishment O -of O -an O -adrenergic O -blockade O -on O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -porcine O -malignant O -hyperthermia O -( O -MH O -) O -were O -investigated O -in O -Pietrain O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -further O -study O -of O -10 O -pigs O -, O -either O -phentolamine B-Chemical -40 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -or O -propranolol B-Chemical -50 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -were O -administered O -for O -30 O -min O -before O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -stimulation O -and O -continued O -for O -the O -duration O -of O -the O -experiment O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -both O -alpha O -adrenergic O -blockade O -and O -successful O -reserpinization O -failed O -to O -prevent O -the O -abnormal O -muscle O -response O -to O -the O -first O -dose O -of O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -administration O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -cause O -an O -increase O -in O -arterial O -pH O -, O -followed O -by O -an O -increase O -in O -PaCO2 O -. O - -aps B-category -administration O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -provides O -a O -method O -of O -testing O -the O -presence O -of O -peripheral O -chemoreflexes O -which O -has O -the O -advantage O -of O -being O -independent O -of O -alveolar O -ventilation O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxypertine O -20 O -mg O -given O -orally O -as O -a O -nocturnal O -sedative O -and O -again O -on O -the O -morning O -of O -operation O -produced O -relief O -of O -anxiety O -comparable O -to O -that O -of O -papaveretum O -10 O -mg O -and O -atropine B-Chemical -0 O -. O -6 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -reactions O -used O -to O -break O -heparin B-Chemical -down O -to O -mono O -- O -and O -oligosaccharides O -, O -androsugars O -are O -formed O -at O -two O -stages O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -N O -- O -unsubstituted O -amino B-Chemical -sugars O -are O -deaminated O -at O -a O -maximum O -rate O -at O -pH O -4 O -with O -markedly O -reduced O -rates O -at O -pH2 O -or O -pH6 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -low O -pH O -nitrous O -acid O -reagent O -which O -will O -convert O -heparin B-Chemical -quantitatively O -to O -its O -deamination O -products O -in O -10 O -min O -at O -room O -temperature O -is O -described O -, O -and O -a O -comparison O -of O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -this O -reagent O -with O -other O -commonly O -used O -nitrous O -acid O -reagents O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -substrates O -and O -coenzymes O -on O -the O -role O -of O -manganous O -ion O -in O -reactions O -catalyzed O -by O -pig O -heart O -triphosphopyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -low O -metal O -ion O -concentrations O -, O -a O -lag O -is O -observed O -in O -the O -time O -- O -dependent O -production O -of O -reduced O -triphosphopyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -( O -TPNH O -) O -that O -can O -be O -eliminated O -by O -adding O -20 O -muM O -TPNH O -to O -the O -initial O -reaction O -mixture O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fluorescence O -of O -epsilon O -- O -TPN O -was O -enhanced O -and O -the O -emission O -maximum O -shifted O -from O -415 O -to O -405 O -nm O -when O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -was O -bound O -to O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -provide O -information O -concerning O -the O -nature O -of O -the O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -binding O -site O -and O -its O -spatial O -relationship O -to O -the O -dihydrofolate O -/ O -amethopterin O -binding O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -this O -high O -acceptor O -function O -, O -and O -because O -of O -the O -importance O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -to O -thyroid O -metabolism O -, O -further O -studies O -were O -conducted O -comparing O -some O -of O -the O -properties O -of O -porcine O -thyroid O -tyrosyl O -- O -complex O -II O -with O -those O -of O -porcine O -thyroid O -tyrosyl O -- O -tRNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparisons O -made O -using O -reversed O -- O -phase O -column O -chromatography O -( O -RPC O -- O -5 O -) O -showed O -distinct O -differences O -between O -the O -two O -aminoacylated O -species O -and O -revealed O -, O -in O -addition O -, O -a O -number O -of O -isoaccepting O -forms O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -tRNA O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -thyroid O -tyrosine B-Chemical -complex O -II O -is O -representative O -of O -a O -group O -of O -related O -complexes O -that O -constitute O -the O -complex O -II O -fraction O -and O -that O -, O -although O -the O -complexes O -resemble O -tRNA O -in O -many O -respects O -, O -they O -have O -distinctly O -different O -characteristics O -than O -conventional O -tRNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -( O -ATP O -) O -is O -not O -required O -for O -stabilization O -at O -55 O -degreesC O -when O -glycerol O -is O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -Histidine O -decarboxylase O -of O -Lactobacillus O -30a O -: O -function O -and O -reactivity O -of O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -additional O -five O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -( O -class O -II O -) O -are O -titrated O -only O -when O -denaturing O -agents O -are O -added O -above O -neutral O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -competitive O -inhibitors O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -imidazole O -, O -markedly O -enhanced O -the O -reactivity O -of O -these O -cysteinyl O -residues O -toward O -DTNB O -; O -this O -enhancement O -is O -accompanied O -by O -a O -concomitant O -increase O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -substrates O -and O -release O -of O -products O -proceeds O -sequentially O -in O -both O -reductive O -steps O -, O -and O -is O -ordered O -throughout O -or O -random O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -binding O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -beta O -- O -methylglutaryl O -- O -coenzymeA O -and O -the O -first O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -replacement O -of O -NADP O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -after O -the O -first O -reductive O -step O -promotes O -the O -conversion O -of O -the O -hemithioacetal O -to O -the O -free O -carbonyl O -form O -, O -which O -is O -then O -rapidly O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -pH O -on O -the O -conformation O -of O -each O -of O -the O -four O -major O -subfractions O -have O -been O -studied O -by O -measuring O -the O -fluorescence O -anisotropy O -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -emission O -and O -the O -circular O -dichroism O -( O -CD O -) O -of O -the O -peptide O -bond O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -folding O -associated O -with O -this O -instantaneous O -change O -is O -highly O -cooperative O -, O -and O -involves O -the O -region O -of O -the O -molecule O -containing O -the O -lone O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -which O -becomes O -buried O -in O -the O -folded O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -solutions O -, O -each O -of O -the O -four O -major O -subfractions O -show O -very O -little O -change O -in O -conformation O -in O -going O -from O -low O -to O -neutral O -pH O -, O -but O -each O -shows O -a O -very O -sharp O -transition O -near O -pH O -9 O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurements O -of O -optical O -rotation O -vs O -. O -temperature O -for O -solutions O -of O -the O -polysaccharide O -at O -low O -ionic O -strength O -reveal O -a O -sharp O -transition O -to O -a O -denatured O -structure O -which O -is O -reversible O -if O -sufficient O -salt B-Chemical -is O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -Reactions O -of O -the O -ferri O -- O -ferrocytochrome O -- O -c O -system O -with O -superoxide B-Chemical -/ O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -CO2 O -- O -/ O -CO2 O -studied O -by O -fast O -pulse O -radiolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Ampholine O -carrier O -ampholytes O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -2 O -bind O -to O -tRNA O -with O -the O -same O -affinity O -as O -magnesium B-Chemical -; O -at O -higher O -pH O -values O -they O -are O -less O -active O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -nucleophilic O -centers O -( O -internal O -phosphate B-Chemical -groups O -, O -ribose O -hydroxyls O -, O -and O -O2 O -, O -N O -- O -3 O -and O -O4 O -sites O -of O -the O -uracil O -base O -) O -were O -found O -reactive O -, O -though O -to O -different O -extents O -, O -at O -neutrality O -and O -in O -slightly O -acid O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -are O -explained O -by O -the O -existence O -of O -a O -primary O -system O -for O -ATP O -uptake O -which O -involves O -the O -mediation O -of O -membrane O -- O -bound O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -ATPase O -nor O -intermediate O -were O -stimulated O -by O -Na O -+ O -, O -and O -ouabain B-Chemical -was O -without O -effect O -on O -the O -reactions O -, O -thus O -differentiating O -this O -system O -from O -the O -( O -Na O -+ O -+ O -K O -+ O -) O -- O -ATPase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -is O -based O -on O -the O -partial O -loading O -of O -heart O -microsomes O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -oxalate O -ions O -and O -the O -precipitation O -of O -loaded O -vesicles O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -concentration O -gradients O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -activity O -of O -purified O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -dependent O -ATPase O -is O -inhibited O -by O -EGTA O -and O -is O -not O -sensitive O -to O -azide O -, O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dinitrophenol O -and O -ouabain B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Continuous O -hydrogen B-Chemical -production O -by O -immobilized O -whole O -cells O -of O -Clostridium O -butyricum O -. O - -aps B-category -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -were O -linked O -to O -p O -- O -aminobenzamidohexyl O -agarose O -by O -an O -azo O -linkage O -to O -the O -catechol B-Chemical -ring O -. O - -aps B-category -Biological O -activity O -of O -the O -immobilized O -catecholamines B-Chemical -was O -determined O -by O -assessing O -their O -abilities O -to O -interact O -with O -adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -several O -membrane O -preparations O -and O -intact O -preparations O -of O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Agarose O -- O -immobilized O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -however O -, O -competitively O -inhibited O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -stimulation O -of O -adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -these O -erythrocyte O -membranes O -indicating O -that O -catecholamines B-Chemical -which O -are O -bound O -to O -agarose O -interact O -with O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -as O -antagonists O -rather O -than O -agonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -when O -tested O -for O -antagonist O -activity O -in O -the O -intact O -cells O -the O -agarose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -catecholamines I-Chemical -failed O -to O -inhibit O -the O -stimulation O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -caused O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -submitochondrial O -fractions O -separated O -by O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -showed O -that O -the O -major O -activities O -of O -both O -cyclases O -were O -concentrated O -in O -the O -fraction O -containing O -mainly O -nerve O -ending O -particles O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -aggregating O -agents O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -metabolizing I-Chemical -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -is O -altered O -to O -a O -much O -larger O -degree O -than O -adenylate O -cyclase O -, O -while O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -phosphodiesterease O -activity O -remains O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Platelet O -aggregation O -induced O -by O -a O -wide O -variety O -of O -aggregating O -agents O -including O -collagen O -and O -platelet O -isoantibodies O -results O -in O -the O -" O -release O -" O -of O -only O -small O -amounts O -( O -1 O -- O -3 O -% O -) O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -and O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -and O -no O -adenylate O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -ADP O -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -moderately O -inhibit O -guanylate O -and O -adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -subcellular O -preparations O -, O -while O -arachidonic O -and O -other O -unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -moderately O -stimulate O -( O -2 O -- O -4 O -- O -fold O -) O -the O -former O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -these O -observations O -suggest O -a O -role O -for O -unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -control O -of O -intracellular O -cyclic O -GMP O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -found O -that O -bilayers O -formed O -of O -lipid O -molecules O -having O -alkaline O -earth O -head O -groups O -exhibit O -natural O -electron O -contrast B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -ions O -with O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -pump O -of O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -was O -made O -of O -this O -property O -to O -demonstrate O -that O -for O -the O -rapid O -release O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -to O -occur O -Mg2 O -+ O -has O -to O -be O -bound O -to O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -resolution O -( O -6A O -) O -electron O -density O -profiles O -have O -been O -computed O -on O -an O -absolute O -electron O -density O -scale O -for O -bilayers O -composed O -of O -both O -saturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -associated O -with O -the O -alkaline O -earth O -series O -of O -divalent O -cations O -. O - -aps B-category -Passive O -potassium B-Chemical -ion O -permeability O -of O -Halobacterium O -halobium O -cell O -envelope O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -radioiodinated O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -with O -plasma O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -4 O -degrees O -C O -, O -specific O -binding O -reached O -a O -maximum O -after O -2 O -h O -of O -incubation O -and O -a O -plateau O -was O -maintained O -for O -up O -to O -20 O -h O -. O -Degradation O -of O -[ O -125I O -] O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -was O -undetectable O -after O -2 O -h O -of O -incubation O -and O -was O -only O -10 O -% O -of O -the O -total O -after O -20 O -h O -. O -At O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -, O -at O -which O -binding O -was O -maximal O -, O -a O -single O -class O -of O -binding O -sites O -, O -having O -a O -dissociation O -constant O -of O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphorylation O -of O -purified O -myelin O -was O -Mg2 O -+ O -- O -dependent O -, O -was O -optimal O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -and O -was O -not O -stimulated O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -Ca2 O -+ O -efflux O -appeared O -to O -be O -catalyzed O -by O -an O -active O -transport O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -deaminated O -products O -( O -aldehydes O -, O -acids O -, O -and O -alcohols O -) O -, O -and O -possibly O -also O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -precursors O -. O - -aps B-category -That O -neuroamino O -acids O -exert O -direct O -effects O -( O -not O -mediated O -via O -their O -amine B-Chemical -metabolites O -) O -is O -illustrated O -by O -the O -rapid O -effects O -of O -microiontophoretic O -dopa O -upon O -cortical O -unit O -activity O -, O -and O -by O -the O -observation O -that O -neither O -the O -lethargic O -effect O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -( O -considered O -to O -support O -Jouvet O -' O -s O -serotonergic O -theory O -of O -sleep O -) O -nor O -the O -behavioral O -stimulant O -effects O -of O -dopa O -( O -considered O -to O -support O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -theory O -of O -affective O -behavior O -) O -are O -significantly O -prevented O -by O -L O -- O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -, O -probenecid O -( O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -acid O -transport O -across O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -) O -is O -shown O -to O -qualitatively O -alter O -the O -effects O -of O -intraventricularly O -administered O -PEA O -and O -of O -its O -metabolite O -phenylacetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -upon O -visual O -evoked O -potentials O -. O - -aps B-category -Amine O -modulators O -such O -as O -PEA O -differ O -from O -typical O -transmitters O -by O -their O -ability O -to O -cross O -biological O -barriers O -; O -inhibition O -of O -decarboxylase O -in O -peripheral O -tissues O -only O -( O -using O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -hydrazine O -) O -markedly O -depletes O -brain O -PEA O -( O -but O -not O -catecholamines B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -instance O -, O -amphetamine B-Chemical -initially O -decreases O -and O -then O -increases O -brain O -PEA O -levels O -, O -without O -altering O -brain O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -reduction O -in O -( O -pH O -) O -i O -was O -apparent O -( O -about O -0 O -. O -3 O -) O -with O -the O -addition O -of O -20 O -mM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -to O -the O -bathing O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -NMR O -studies O -over O -this O -temperature O -range O -of O -the O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -of O -BPTI O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -studies O -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -resonances O -had O -been O -described O -in O -detail O -in O -a O -previous O -publication O -. O - -aps B-category -I O -. O -Sequence O -determination O -of O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -and O -the O -assignment O -of O -peptide O -hydrogen B-Chemical -signals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -pH O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -coryneine O -and O -related O -phenolic O -quaternary B-Chemical -ammonium I-Chemical -salts O -on O -the O -frog O -rectus O -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -The O -compounds O -are O -more O -active O -in O -the O -more O -acid O -environment O -indicating O -that O -ionization O -of O -the O -phenolic O -group O -reduces O -activity O -to O -between O -one O -- O -half O -and O -one O -- O -tenth O -of O -that O -of O -the O -form O -with O -the O -intact O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -spite O -of O -increased O -mechanical O -stability O -in O -solutions O -with O -low O -pH O -( O -5 O -- O -2 O -) O -or O -containing O -Cu O -+ O -+ O -or O -sucrose B-Chemical -( O -10 O -per O -cent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -shows O -a O -requirement O -for O -manganese O -ions O -and O -is O -stimulated O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Influence O -of O -metabolic O -alkalosis O -on O -adrenaline B-Chemical -hyperglycemia O -of O -the O -dog O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Tonin O -was O -purified O -from O -rat O -submaxillary O -glands O -by O -differential O -centrifugation O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -precipitation O -, O -gel O -filtration O -on O -Sephadex O -G150 O -, O -and O -by O -ion O -- O -exchange O -chromatography O -on O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -, O -phospho O -- O -cellulose O -, O -SP O -- O -Sephadex O -C25 O -, O -and O -SP O -- O -Sephadex O -C50 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Michaelis O -- O -Menten O -constant O -for O -tonin O -using O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -as O -substrate O -was O -about O -4 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -. O -Tonin O -activity O -was O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -Chitin O -synthase O -levels O -were O -also O -dependent O -upon O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -available O -during O -regeneration O -. O - -aps B-category -Upon O -the O -withdrawal O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -these O -L O -- O -form O -cultures O -grew O -well O -and O -, O -after O -100 O -passages O -, O -there O -was O -no O -reversion O -to O -the O -bacillary O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fungitoxicity O -of O -the O -esters O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -alpha O -- O -omega O -- O -alkanedicarboxylic O -acids O -was O -influenced O -by O -chain O -length O -and O -not O -by O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -medium O -or O -the O -absence O -or O -presence O -of O -beef O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Photo O -- O -oxidation O -of O -glycoamylase O -I O -from O -A O -. O -niger O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -Methylene O -Blue O -or O -Rose O -Bengal O -resulted O -in O -a O -pH O -- O -dependent O -loss O -of O -enzymic O -activity O -, O -which O -was O -analogous O -to O -the O -destruction O -of O -free O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -during O -photo O -- O -oxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tryptophanyl O -residues O -of O -glucoamylase O -I O -, O -which O -had O -been O -inactivated O -by O -reaction O -of O -its O -carboxylic O -acid O -residues O -with O -glycine B-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -water O -- O -soluble O -carbodi O -- O -imide O -, O -were O -also O -substantially O -protected O -by O -maltose O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemicellulose O -B O -and O -holocellulose O -from O -spear O -grass O -( O -Heteropogon O -contortus O -) O -were O -the O -best O -sources O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -optimum O -temperature O -was O -27 O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -HC O -- O -III O -hydrolysed O -hemicellulose O -B O -to O -oligosaccharides O -without O -production O -of O -monosaccharides B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Methyl O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -pyranosides O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -, O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -, O -and O -D O -- O -mannose O -have O -been O -oxidized O -with O -bromine O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -at O -various O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidation O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -by O -human O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -seems O -that O -at O -higher O -pH O -values O -which O -are O -optimal O -for O -the O -faster O -moving O -isoenzymes O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -slower O -moving O -entities O -show O -only O -a O -part O -of O -their O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -isoelectric O -focusing O -in O -8 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -, O -spectrin O -purified O -from O -normal O -human O -erythrocytes O -was O -resolved O -into O -12 O -to O -15 O -peptide O -bands O -differing O -by O -their O -isoelectric O -point O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mass O -fragmentographic O -method O -of O -high O -accuracy O -for O -determination O -of O -serum O -urea B-Chemical -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -barbiturate B-Chemical -is O -then O -transferred O -from O -an O -alkaline O -water O -phase O -into O -an O -organic O -phase O -containing O -methyl O -iodine B-Chemical -by O -ion O -- O -pair O -extraction O -using O -tetrabutyl O -ammonium B-Chemical -as O -the O -positive O -counterion O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -between O -the O -mass O -fragmentographic O -method O -and O -a O -routine O -method O -for O -determination O -of O -serum O -urea B-Chemical -based O -on O -the O -urease O -- O -Berthelot O -reaction O -gave O -a O -high O -correlation O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -99 O -) O -and O -a O -regression O -coefficient O -of O -0 O -. O -95 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -and O -rapid O -ascending O -chromatography O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -makes O -it O -possible O -to O -differentiate O -the O -false O -positives O -, O -too O -frequently O -found O -with O -Beutler O -' O -s O -spot O -test O -( O -1968 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -granulation O -tissues O -showed O -significantly O -high O -values O -of O -benzylamine O -oxidase O -activity O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -low O -values O -of O -lysyl O -oxidase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -facile O -separation O -of O -3H O -- O -labeled O -alcohol B-Chemical -from O -the O -ester O -substrate O -allows O -the O -simple O -and O -highly O -sensitive O -assay O -for O -urokinase O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -titration O -of O -solutions O -of O -the O -purified O -enzyme O -with O -radioactive O -orthophosphate O -, O -the O -enzyme O -was O -shown O -to O -incorporate O -up O -to O -2 O -phosphate B-Chemical -groups O -per O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -Ultramicromethod O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -human O -arginase O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -14C O -] O -Arginine O -is O -hydrolysed O -by O -arginase O -to O -[ O -14C O -] O -urea B-Chemical -and O -ornithine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -High O -values O -of O -gammaGT O -were O -noted O -in O -alcoholic O -subjects O -and O -especially O -in O -those O -with O -either O -increased O -serum O -triglyceride B-Chemical -or O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -higher O -than O -16 O -mU O -/ O -ml O -, O -while O -PCE O -was O -not O -significantly O -changed O -in O -alcoholic O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -PCE O -activity O -was O -high O -even O -in O -moderate O -hypertriglyceridemias O -but O -its O -correlation O -with O -serum O -triglyceride B-Chemical -had O -a O -tendency O -to O -flatten O -with O -increasing O -concentration O -of O -triglyceride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -antigens O -were O -inactivated O -by O -Pronase O -, O -had O -relative O -electrophoretic O -mobilities O -of O -serum O -globulins O -and O -separated O -from O -each O -other O -in O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -gel O -filtration O -and O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -fractionation O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -25 O -% O -faecal O -suspension O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -solution O -, O -incubated O -anaerobically O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -for O -48 O -h O -, O -showed O -excellent O -survival O -of O -all O -the O -main O -groups O -of O -faecal O -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -normal O -faeces O -contain O -negligible O -amounts O -of O -urea B-Chemical -this O -ammonia B-Chemical -must O -have O -been O -generated O -from O -sources O -other O -than O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ammonia B-Chemical -generation O -by O -incubated O -faeces O -was O -inhibited O -by O -prior O -autoclaving O -of O -the O -sample O -, O -but O -not O -by O -sterilization O -with O -gamma O -- O -irradiation O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -are O -interpreted O -as O -evidence O -that O -ammonia B-Chemical -generated O -within O -the O -colon O -in O -situ O -is O -not O -derived O -exclusively O -from O -urea B-Chemical -, O -but O -also O -from O -bacterial O -deamination O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -peptides O -and O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Bacterial O -generation O -of O -organic O -solute O -in O -faeces O -which O -have O -left O -the O -body O -is O -sufficiently O -rapid O -to O -cast O -serious O -doubts O -on O -the O -validity O -of O -faecal O -centrifugation O -, O -or O -other O -time O -- O -consuming O -techniques O -involving O -lengthy O -handling O -of O -faeces O -, O -as O -methods O -of O -obtaining O -extracellular O -faecal O -fluid O -for O -measurements O -of O -organic O -constituents O -or O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneous O -measurements O -of O -heart O -rate O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -in O -black O -- O -tailed O -prairie O -dogs O -( O -Cynomys O -ludovicianus O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -salt B-Chemical -water O -adaptation O -on O -the O -Australian O -black O -swan O -, O -Cygnus O -atratus O -( O -Latham O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Sexually O -related O -changes O -in O -plasma O -calcitonin B-Chemical -levels O -in O -Japanese O -quail O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -and O -large O -, O -they O -bear O -a O -certain O -structural O -resemblance O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -act O -principally O -to O -prevent O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -interaction O -through O -competition O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -for O -histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -large O -number O -of O -antihistaminics O -which O -have O -been O -available O -for O -many O -years O -and O -employed O -chiefly O -as O -' O -antiallergic O -' O -drugs O -are O -classified O -as O -H1 O -- O -receptor O -inhibitors O -; O -they O -are O -most O -effective O -therapeutically O -in O -inhibiting O -manifestations O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -wheal O -and O -erythema O -formation O -and O -pruritus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -secondary O -structure O -of O -histones O -H1 O -, O -H2A O -, O -and O -H4 O -( O -F1 O -, O -F2a2 O -, O -and O -F2a1 O -) O -has O -been O -quantitatively O -studied O -in O -heavy O -water O -( O -2H2O O -) O -solutions O -in O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -histone O -concentration O -, O -p2H O -, O -and O -concentration O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -using O -an O -improved O -infrared O -spectroscopy O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -analogy O -to O -the O -mechanism O -of O -the O -photolytic O -degradation O -of O -N O -- O -methyl O -pyridinium O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -it O -appears O -that O -the O -( O -iso O -) O -desmosines O -were O -degraded O -via O -the O -formation O -of O -an O -open O -amino B-Chemical -aldehyde B-Chemical -, O -which O -was O -hydrolysed O -at O -acid O -pH O -to O -give O -free O -lysine O -and O -a O -substituted O -glutaconic O -aldehyde B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -and O -purification O -of O -the O -8 O -- O -azidoadenine O -analogs O -of O -NAD O -+ O -( O -azido O -- O -NAD O -+ O -) O -and O -FAD O -( O -AZIDO O -- O -FAD O -) O -from O -8 O -- O -azidoadenosine O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -NMN O -+ O -or O -FMN O -, O -respectively O -, O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Azido O -- O -FAD O -is O -shown O -to O -be O -coenzyme O -of O -apo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -catalytic O -properties O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -from O -human O -erythrocytes O -have O -been O -studied O -over O -a O -range O -of O -buffer O -conditions O -and O -substrate O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -certain O -assays O -anomalies O -were O -observed O -which O -are O -correlated O -with O -an O -inactivation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -inactivation O -and O -aggregation O -could O -be O -connected O -with O -oxidation O -of O -thiols B-Chemical -at O -the O -active O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Equilibrium O -dialysis O -has O -been O -used O -to O -determine O -the O -binding O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -to O -chromatophores O -of O -Rhodospirillum O -rubrum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -retention O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -had O -a O -pH O -optimum O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -to O -6 O -. O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -illumination O -of O -chromatophores O -prior O -to O -dialysis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -ADP O -leads O -to O -a O -retention O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -which O -persists O -during O -dark O -dialysis O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -added O -magnesium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -range O -of O -pH O -6 O -. O -2 O -- O -8 O -. O -45 O -, O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -no O -gross O -conformational O -changes O -are O -reflected O -in O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deuterium I-Chemical -exchange O -behaviour O -of O -the O -native O -, O -the O -reduced O -- O -nonalkylated O -- O -reassociated O -and O -the O -reduced O -- O -S O -- O -alkylated O -- O -reassociated O -IgG1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Interactions O -with O -steroids B-Chemical -and O -their O -conjugates O -, O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -bromosulphophthalein O -carcinogens O -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -and O -realted O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -included O -several O -steroids B-Chemical -( O -but O -not O -cortisol B-Chemical -) O -, O -20 O -- O -methylcholanthrene O -, O -diethylstilboestrol O -, O -oleate O -and O -palmitate O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -well O -as O -non O -- O -polar O -compounds O -and O -organic O -anions O -, O -ligandin O -was O -also O -found O -to O -bind O -sulphate O -and O -glucuronate O -to O -a O -measurable O -degree O -, O -and O -to O -interact O -quite O -strongly O -with O -glutathione B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -the O -basis O -for O -the O -specificity O -is O -not O -: O -( O -a O -) O -an O -intrinsic O -greater O -stability O -of O -the O -ternary O -complexes O -containing O -fMet O -- O -tRNA O -, O -( O -b O -) O -the O -amoung O -of O -aminoacyl O -- O -tRNA O -bound O -to O -the O -ribosome O -, O -( O -c O -) O -the O -conditions O -under O -which O -the O -ternary O -complex O -is O -made O -or O -( O -d O -) O -the O -formylation O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxin O -II O -from O -Anemonia O -sulcata O -, O -the O -main O -component O -of O -the O -sea O -anemone O -venom O -, O -consists O -of O -47 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -which O -are O -interconnected O -by O -three O -disulfide O -bridges O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximal O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -preparation O -was O -obtained O -by O -using O -an O -insoluble O -polyphenol B-Chemical -adsorbent O -( O -Polyclar O -AT O -) O -and O -a O -reducing O -agent O -( O -araboascorbic O -acid O -) O -in O -the O -extraction O -medium O -and O -by O -subsequent O -fractionation O -of O -the O -extract O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -followed O -by O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -25 O -gel O -filtration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -reacted O -with O -oxygen B-Chemical -via O -cytochrome O -o O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -without O -added O -salt B-Chemical -the O -rate O -constants O -are O -: O -KII2 O -= O -0 O -. O -9 O -X O -10 O -( O -8 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -S O -- O -1 O -; O -kII21 O -= O -270 O -S O -- O -1 O -; O -kII23 O -= O -120 O -S O -- O -1 O -; O -kII32 O -= O -1250 O -S O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -constants O -, O -rate O -constants O -and O -changes O -in O -the O -quantum O -yield O -of O -the O -Y O -- O -base O -fluorescence O -upon O -binding O -are O -given O -under O -a O -variety O -of O -conditions O -with O -respect O -to O -pH O -, O -added O -salt B-Chemical -, O -concentration O -of O -Mg2 O -+ O -ions O -and O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -importance O -of O -the O -method O -of O -administration O -of O -acid O -glucose B-Chemical -infusions O -for O -the O -venous O -inflammatory O -response O -has O -been O -investigated O -in O -two O -series O -of O -experimental O -trials O -. O - -aps B-category -Importance O -of O -the O -pH O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -complete O -neutralization O -of O -5 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -a O -further O -reduction O -of O -the O -damage O -to O -the O -veins O -has O -been O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiovascular O -response O -to O -exercise O -under O -increasing O -doses O -of O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -increasing O -doses O -of O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -up O -to O -100 O -mg O -/ O -day O -, O -there O -was O -a O -progressive O -reduction O -in O -blood O -pressure O -and O -pressure O -- O -rate O -index O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -workloads O -were O -associated O -with O -increased O -arterial O -blood O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -decreased O -arterial O -blood O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -decreased O -arterial O -blood O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -best O -antihypertensive O -effect O -in O -these O -exercising O -subjects O -was O -observed O -at O -a O -daily O -dose O -of O -100 O -mg O -of O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Beta O -- O -blockade O -during O -alprenolol O -treatment O -was O -assessed O -from O -the O -chronotropic O -response O -to O -intravenous O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -compared O -to O -the O -response O -after O -six O -weeks O -of O -placebo O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Marked O -falls O -in O -pulse O -rate O -, O -cardiac O -output O -, O -stroke O -volume O -and O -peripheral O -bloodflow O -, O -accompanied O -by O -rises O -in O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -, O -occur O -when O -etilefrine O -is O -infused O -after O -administration O -of O -intravenous O -propranolol B-Chemical -2 O -, O -5 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -Double O -- O -blind O -cross O -- O -over O -comparison O -of O -clenbuterol O -and O -salbutamol B-Chemical -tablets O -in O -asthmatic O -out O -- O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -clenbuterol O -( O -10 O -mug O -3 O -times O -a O -day O -) O -and O -salbutamol B-Chemical -( O -4 O -mg O -3 O -times O -a O -day O -) O -were O -equally O -and O -significantly O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -more O -effective O -than O -placebo O -, O -when O -daily O -records O -of O -peak O -expiratory O -flow O -or O -use O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -inhalations O -were O -the O -criteria O -of O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -24 O -h O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -6beta O -- O -hydroxycortisol O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucaric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -the O -plasma O -half O -lives O -and O -total O -clearances O -of O -aminopyrine O -, O -and O -serum O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -transpeptidase O -activity O -have O -been O -measured O -in O -nineteen O -healthy O -male O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -6beta O -- O -hydroxycortisol O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucaric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -significantly O -increased O -in O -the O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -group O -, O -the O -standard O -for O -induction O -. O - -aps B-category -Gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -transpeptidase O -activity O -increased O -only O -in O -the O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -on O -blood O -pressure O -, O -pulse O -rate O -, O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -blood O -and O -urine O -, O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -and O -urinary O -aldosterone B-Chemical -under O -basal O -conditions O -and O -following O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -Submaximal O -work O -caused O -no O -significant O -change O -in O -plasma O -catecholamines B-Chemical -before O -treatment O -, O -but O -there O -was O -a O -marked O -rise O -both O -in O -plasma O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -during O -treatment O -with O -penbutolol O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacokinetics O -and O -relative O -bioavailability O -of O -heptabarbital O -and O -heptabarbital O -sodium B-Chemical -after O -oral O -administration O -to O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacokinetics O -and O -relative O -bioavailability O -of O -heptabarbital O -and O -heptabarbital O -sodium B-Chemical -were O -studied O -in O -a O -crossover O -design O -in O -7 O -healthy O -volunteers O -after O -oral O -administration O -of O -20 O -tablets O -containing O -200 O -mg O -heptabarbital O -and O -hard O -gelatine O -capsules O -containing O -an O -equivalent O -amount O -of O -its O -sodium B-Chemical -salt B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Heptabarbital O -sodium B-Chemical -may O -be O -used O -for O -induction O -of O -sleep O -, O -whereas O -Medomin O -tablets O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -metabolic O -pattern O -seems O -to O -confirm O -our O -hypothesis O -that O -phenylalkylamines O -with O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -group O -in O -the O -m O -- O -position O -of O -the O -benzene B-Chemical -ring O -are O -predominantly O -conjugated O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -p O -- O -hydroxylated O -compounds O -which O -are O -mainly O -deaminated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -insulin O -- O -induced O -hypoglycemia O -on O -the O -blood O -levels O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -renin O -activity O -has O -been O -studied O -in O -five O -patients O -with O -moderate O -hypertension O -before O -and O -after O -treatment O -for O -3 O -- O -8 O -months O -with O -penbutolol O -( O -PEN O -) O -20 O -- O -30 O -mg O -twice O -daily O -. O - -aps B-category -reduced O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -by O -approximately O -50 O -per O -cent O -after O -30 O -- O -45 O -min O -, O -both O -before O -and O -during O -treatment O -with O -penbutolol O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -treatment O -the O -response O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -to O -hypoglycemia O -was O -reduced O -in O -four O -patients O -and O -the O -data O -was O -inconclusive O -in O -one O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -medication O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -remained O -unchanged O -on O -induction O -of O -hypoglycemia O -regardless O -of O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Gastrointestinal O -absorption O -and O -metabolism O -of O -two O -35S O -- O -labelled O -ampicillin B-Chemical -esters O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cumulative O -absorption O -of O -radioactivity O -in O -both O -compounds O -( O -60 O -- O -90 O -% O -) O -was O -higher O -than O -( O -25 O -- O -67 O -% O -) O -previously O -found O -after O -administration O -of O -35S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ampicillin I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -They O -were O -also O -decomposed O -after O -absorption O -since O -all O -the O -radioactivity O -recovered O -from O -blood O -and O -urine O -appeared O -to O -be O -attached O -to O -ampicillin B-Chemical -and O -ampicillin B-Chemical -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -administration O -of O -equivalent O -doses O -of O -either O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -thioridazine B-Chemical -, O -or O -clozapine B-Chemical -, O -respectively O -, O -produced O -progressively O -smaller O -increases O -in O -brain O -homovanillic O -acid O -( O -HVA O -) O -in O -the O -rabbit O -; O -however O -, O -changes O -in O -HVA O -in O -three O -brain O -regions O -were O -of O -equal O -magnitude O -for O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -a O -given O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -differences O -between O -caudate O -and O -limbic O -regions O -were O -observed O -during O -daily O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -administration O -for O -3 O -ro O -8 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -consumption O -by O -5 O -vol O -. O -- O -% O -oxygen B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -reduced O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Increase O -in O -cell O -density O -effectuated O -decrease O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -consumption O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -and O -pH O -6 O -. O -6 O -in O -5 O -% O -as O -well O -as O -in O -21 O -% O -O2 O -environment O -. O - -aps B-category -Transition O -from O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -/ O -21 O -% O -O2 O -to O -pH O -6 O -. O -6 O -/ O -5 O -% O -O2 O -effectuated O -decrease O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -consumption O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -tissues O -in O -hypoxic O -environment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acid O -mucopolysaccharides O -were O -isolated O -and O -fractionated O -by O -alcohol B-Chemical -precipitation O -, O -papain O -digestion O -, O -CPC O -- O -precipitation O -and O -fractionation O -after O -the O -microtechniques O -of O -SVEJCAR O -and O -ROBERTSON O -[ O -see O -KITTLICK O -and O -NEUPERT O -, O -Exp O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyaluronic O -acid O -( O -and O -heparan B-Chemical -sulphate I-Chemical -) O -in O -the O -MPS O -- O -pattern O -showed O -other O -behaviour O -than O -chondroitin O -sulphate O -and O -dermatan O -sulphate O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -report O -shows O -the O -effect O -of O -different O -ions O -individually O -with O -Tris O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -benzimidazole O -on O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -phosphomonoesterase O -activity O -in O -wheat O -leaves O -. O - -aps B-category -Gastric O -mucus O -effusion O -elicited O -by O -oral O -copper B-Chemical -compounds O -: O -potential O -anti O -- O -ulcer O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Accumulation O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -in O -the O -uterine O -fluid O -of O -the O -six O -- O -day O -pregnant O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane O -( O -DDT O -) O -also O -accumulated O -in O -the O -uterine O -luminal B-Chemical -fluid O -of O -6 O -- O -day O -pregnant O -rabbits O -, O -but O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -radioactivity O -in O -the O -uterine O -fluid O -of O -rabbits O -treated O -with O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isoniazid I-Chemical -, O -salicylic O -acid O -, O -barbital O -, O -antipyrine O -, O -and O -caffeine B-Chemical -was O -not O -different O -from O -that O -in O -the O -plasma O -( O -uterine O -fluid O -to O -plasma O -radioactivity O -ratios O -ranged O -between O -0 O -. O -67 O -and O -1 O -. O -85 O -) O -in O -both O -6 O -- O -day O -pregnant O -and O -nonpregnant O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -Accumulation O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -took O -place O -in O -the O -uterine O -luminal B-Chemical -fluid O -of O -nonpregnant O -does O -pretreated O -with O -either O -progesterone B-Chemical -or O -human O -chorionic O -gonadotropin O -, O -but O -did O -not O -occur O -in O -does O -pretreated O -with O -estrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -position O -of O -the O -ODC O -was O -positively O -correlated O -with O -the O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -concentration O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -which O -varied O -in O -response O -to O -fluctuations O -in O -plasma O -concentration O -of O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -Pi O -) O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -diphosphonate O -( O -EHDP O -) O -known O -to O -enhance O -tubular O -phosphate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -in O -man O -was O -given O -to O -nonacidotic O -insulin O -- O -treated O -diabetic O -and O -healthy O -volunteers O -for O -28 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -recommended O -that O -the O -diabetes O -diet O -be O -supplemented O -by O -dibasic O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -to O -prevent O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -a O -low O -concentration O -of O -Pi O -on O -red O -cell O -oxygen B-Chemical -delivery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -dissociation O -curve O -shifted O -less O -to O -the O -right O -in O -venous O -blood O -draining O -from O -muscle O -in O -eight O -insulin O -- O -deficient O -diabetics O -working O -at O -a O -constant O -submaximal O -workload O -than O -in O -seven O -normal O -controls O -( O -28 O -. O -7 O -mm O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -of O -Krebs O -cycle O -activity O -to O -exercise O -in O -insulin O -- O -deficient O -muscle O -might O -have O -been O -inadequate O -, O -as O -suggested O -by O -the O -increased O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxybutyrate I-Chemical -/ O -acetoacetate O -ratio O -in O -the O -venous O -blood O -observed O -in O -the O -normal O -controls O -but O -not O -in O -the O -diabetics O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cats O -with O -gastric O -fistulae O -and O -Heidenhein O -pouches O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -acid O -entering O -the O -duodenum O -on O -secretion O -of O -acid O -, O -pepsin O -, O -and O -mucus O -from O -the O -Heidenhain O -pouch O -during O -maximal O -acid O -stimulation O -with O -pentagastrin O -or O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -duodenal O -acidification O -caused O -an O -increase O -in O -acid O -secretion O -, O -thus O -suggesting O -that O -, O -in O -addition O -to O -secretin O -and O -cholecystokinin B-Chemical -, O -a O -factor O -that O -stimulates O -acid O -secretion O -was O -also O -released O -by O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Ion O -selective O -effects O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -on O -antral O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -neutral O -luminal B-Chemical -pH O -, O -salicylate B-Chemical -increases O -Na O -and O -decreases O -Cl O -permeability O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -luminal B-Chemical -pH O -4 O -, O -the O -effects O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -can O -be O -arbitrarily O -divided O -into O -two O -phases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -luminal B-Chemical -acid O -acid O -loss O -also O -increases O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -cation O -and O -decrease O -in O -anion O -permeability O -observed O -at O -pH O -7 O -and O -initially O -at O -pH O -4 O -are O -compatible O -with O -an O -influence O -of O -a O -negative O -charge O -of O -the O -salicylate B-Chemical -anion O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanism O -of O -prevention O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -gastric O -lesions O -by O -bile O -duct O -legation O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspirin B-Chemical -was O -given O -by O -continuous O -intravenous O -infusion O -to O -35 O -intact O -cats O -for O -7 O -days O -in O -doses O -ranging O -from O -25 O -to O -200 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -day O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -all O -but O -the O -highest O -dose O -, O -plasma O -salicylate B-Chemical -levels O -were O -within O -or O -below O -what O -is O -regarded O -as O -the O -therapeutic O -range O -for O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -intravenous O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -in O -doses O -giving O -plasma O -levels O -within O -or O -below O -the O -therapeutic O -range O -for O -man O -, O -causes O -gastric O -mucosal O -lesions O -including O -deep O -ulcers O -within O -7 O -days O -in O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -back O -diffusion O -of O -H O -+ O -was O -induced O -by O -establishing O -a O -concentration O -gradient O -of O -H O -+ O -from O -S O -leads O -to O -N O -or O -by O -exposing O -the O -secretory O -surface O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -taurocholate O -with O -secretory O -pH O -2 O -. O -25 O -, O -the O -burimamide O -- O -inhibited O -tissue O -demonstrated O -significantly O -greater O -depression O -of O -the O -electrical O -parameters O -than O -the O -secreting O -mucosae O -. O - -aps B-category -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -of O -rat O -intestine O -: O -localization O -and O -possible O -role O -in O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -localization O -and O -characteristics O -were O -correlated O -with O -features O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -gamma O -- O -GT O -activity O -was O -12 O -- O -fold O -greater O -in O -the O -jejunum O -than O -in O -the O -ileum O -, O -again O -in O -agreement O -with O -relative O -rates O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -absorption O -along O -the O -length O -of O -rat O -intestine O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromosulfophthalein O -, O -a O -noncompetitive O -inhibitor O -of O -gamma O -- O -GT O -, O -inhibited O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -, O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -and O -ether B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -on O -high O -- O -energy O -phosphate B-Chemical -levels O -in O -mouse O -and O -frog O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -ions O -were O -mixed O -so O -that O -their O -final O -concentration O -was O -4 O -mmol O -/ O -1 O -and O -the O -pH O -was O -kept O -at O -7 O -- O -0 O -, O -an O -amorphous O -precipitate O -immediately O -formed O -and O -this O -changed O -into O -crystalline O -material O -with O -an O -apatite O -- O -like O -structure O -after O -a O -period O -of O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -powerful O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -bile O -on O -the O -crystallisation O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -is O -probably O -a O -contributory O -factor O -to O -the O -rare O -occurrence O -of O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphates O -, O -apatite O -and O -whitlockite O -, O -in O -gallstones O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -) O -The O -hypotensive O -effect O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -was O -reduced O -by O -MA O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -changes O -in O -heart O -rate O -induced O -by O -reserpine B-Chemical -and O -C6 O -were O -increased O -by O -MA O -, O -however O -, O -those O -induced O -by O -guanethidine B-Chemical -, O -clonidine B-Chemical -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -hydralazine B-Chemical -were O -decreased O -by O -MA O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Metabolic O -fate O -of O -carteolol B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -( O -OPC O -- O -1085 O -) O -, O -a O -new O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -is O -known O -to O -be O -distributed O -at O -a O -high O -concentration O -in O -the O -brain O -, O -whereas O -the O -concentration O -of O -( O -3H O -- O -) O -carteolol B-Chemical -detectable O -in O -the O -brain O -was O -slight O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -analyses O -of O -brain O -samples O -of O -an O -Animal O -Model O -of O -Depression O -indicate O -the O -state O -of O -motionlessness O -observed O -in O -response O -to O -a O -conditioned O -stimulus O -was O -due O -to O -an O -excess O -in O -functional O -activity O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -conflicting O -conclusion O -to O -the O -currently O -popular O -theories O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -deficiency O -was O -discussed O -with O -reference O -to O -the O -animal O -and O -clinical O -data O -in O -the O -literature O -which O -are O -consistent O -with O -the O -conclusion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -our O -study O -support O -the O -presently O -employed O -therapeutic O -method O -using O -bactericidal O -antibiotics O -of O -the O -penicillin B-Chemical -group O -in O -strict O -indications O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -ADP O -- O -ribose O -) O -n O -residues O -formed O -by O -short O -- O -term O -incubation O -of O -adult O -rat O -liver O -and O -Ehrlich O -carcinoma O -nuclei O -with O -labeled O -NAD O -were O -analyzed O -by O -Cs2SO4 O -/ O -guanidinium O -chloride B-Chemical -/ O -urea B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -NH2OH O -liberated O -only O -part O -of O -the O -long O -and O -the O -short O -( O -ADP O -- O -ribose O -) O -n O -residues O -from O -the O -protein O -conjugates O -, O -indicating O -two O -types O -of O -bonds O -, O -both O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labile I-Chemical -, O -but O -only O -one O -susceptible O -to O -neutral O -hydroxylamine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydrogen B-Chemical -transfer O -from O -the O -alpha O -- O -position O -of O -vinylacetyl O -- O -SEtNAc O -to O -the O -gamma O -- O -position O -of O -2 O -- O -butenoyl O -- O -SEtNAc O -( O -1f O -leads O -to O -2 O -f O -) O -occurs O -partially O -intramolecularly O -( O -40 O -- O -50 O -% O -) O -as O -shown O -by O -experiments O -in O -3HOH O -/ O -H2O O -, O -2H2O O -and O -3HOH O -/ O -2H2O O -as O -well O -as O -by O -experiments O -with O -[ O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -3H O -] O -vinylacetyl O -- O -SEtNAc O -. O - -aps B-category -Identity O -of O -kynurenine B-Chemical -: O -pyruvate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -with O -histidine O -: O -pyruvate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -active O -with O -pyruvate B-Chemical -as O -amino B-Chemical -acceptor O -but O -not O -with O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -, O -and O -utilized O -various O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -as O -amino B-Chemical -donors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -Km O -values O -were O -about O -0 O -. O -63 O -mM O -, O -1 O -. O -4 O -mM O -and O -0 O -. O -09 O -mM O -for O -histidine O -, O -kynurenine B-Chemical -and O -phenylalanine O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Kynurenine O -pyruvate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -inhibited O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -histidine O -or O -phenylalanine O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -purification O -ratio O -, O -substrate O -specificity O -, O -inhibition O -by O -common O -substrates O -, O -subcellular O -distribution O -, O -isoelectric O -focusing O -and O -polyacrylamide O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -kynurenine B-Chemical -pyruvate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -is O -identical O -with O -histidine O -pyruvate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -also O -with O -phenylalanine O -pyruvate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitor O -contained O -no O -proline O -, O -no O -arginine O -, O -no O -cysteine B-Chemical -and O -no O -tryptophan B-Chemical -, O -but O -did O -contain O -a O -large O -number O -of O -the O -polar O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -glutamate B-Chemical -+ O -glutamine B-Chemical -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -+ O -asparagine O -and O -lysine O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -hydrophobic O -type O -of O -binding O -of O -I3A O -to O -yeast O -proteinase O -A O -is O -suggested O -from O -experiments O -demonstrating O -a O -large O -decrease O -in O -the O -percentage O -of O -inhibition O -caused O -by O -addition O -of O -2 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -, O -2 O -M O -guanidine O -hydrochloride O -, O -0 O -. O -125 O -% O -Triton O -or O -0 O -. O -125 O -% O -cholic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -of O -cesium O -chloride B-Chemical -equilibrium O -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -revealed O -that O -the O -hemagglutinin O -was O -inseparable O -from O -the O -virus O -particles O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -recipients O -of O -purified O -ribosomal O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -were O -never O -protected O -against O -pneumococcal O -challenge O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -E O -. O -coli O -P O -- O -263 O -, O -if O -strain O -H O -- O -10407 O -was O -grown O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -there O -was O -no O -increase O -in O -LT O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Production O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -favored O -by O -growth O -in O -trypsinized O -veal O -infusion O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -hyaluronate B-Chemical -oligosaccharide O -and O -tetrasaccharide O -. O - -aps B-category -Active O -hyaluronate B-Chemical -lyase O -was O -recovered O -from O -neutral O -polyacrylamide O -gels O -, O -and O -it O -appeared O -to O -be O -a O -glycoprotein O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -who O -used O -flurazepam B-Chemical -and O -chloral O -hydrate O -as O -inpatients O -were O -no O -more O -likely O -to O -use O -these O -hypnotics O -as O -outpatients O -than O -patients O -who O -received O -no O -hypnotics O -as O -inpatients O -. O - -aps B-category -Michaelis O -- O -Menten O -kinetics O -are O -observed O -in O -studies O -of O -highly O -purified O -bovine O -adrenal O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -at O -pH8 O -. O -0 O -in O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -bicine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -inhibited O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -both O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -and O -at O -8 O -. O -0 O -with O -a O -Kip O -of O -2 O -. O -36 O -muM O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -binding O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -to O -our O -enzyme O -preparations O -has O -been O -observed O -, O -we O -have O -not O -been O -able O -, O -in O -spite O -of O -repeated O -attempts O -, O -to O -demonstrate O -augmentation O -of O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -purified O -180 O -- O -fold O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -fractionation O -, O -gel O -filtration O -through O -a O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -column O -, O -and O -DEAE O -A O -- O -25 O -Sephadex O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -flexibility O -of O -the O -tertiary O -structure O -around O -the O -active O -site O -of O -myosin O -ATPase O -[ O -EC O -3 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -] O -was O -studied O -using O -the O -reactivity O -of O -two O -specific O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -, O -S1 O -and O -S2 O -, O -as O -a O -structural O -probe O -. O - -aps B-category -S1 O -showed O -much O -higher O -reactivity O -toward O -the O -maleimides O -, O -except O -for O -BIPM O -, O -than O -did O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylcysteine I-Chemical -( O -N O -- O -Ac O -- O -Cys O -) O -a O -low O -molecular O -- O -weight O -model O -compound O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -Arrhenius O -plots O -for O -the O -thiols B-Chemical -reactive O -to O -BIPM O -did O -not O -show O -non O -- O -linearity O -in O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -indicated O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -unusual O -component O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -oligonucleotides O -of O -defined O -sequence O -were O -synthesized O -using O -2 O -' O -( O -3 O -' O -) O -- B-Chemical -O I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydrocinnamoyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nucleoside I-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphates O -( O -DHC O -- O -NDP O -) O -as O -substrates O -for O -polynucleotide O -phosphorylase O -[ O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -7 O -. O -8 O -] O -from O -Thermus O -thermophilus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -an O -acid O -hydrolysate O -of O -the O -DAN O -- O -Modified O -enzyme O -was O -indistinguishable O -from O -that O -of O -the O -native O -enzyme O -except O -for O -the O -incorporation O -of O -about O -one O -norleucine B-Chemical -residue O -per O -molecule O -of O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -enzyme O -( O -S O -- O -1 O -) O -which O -catalyzes O -the O -splitting O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mercury I-Chemical -linkages O -of O -organomercury O -compounds O -was O -purified O -about O -24 O -- O -fold O -from O -the O -cell O -- O -free O -extract O -of O -mercury O -- O -resistant O -Pseudomonas O -K O -- O -62 O -strain O -by O -treatment O -with O -streptomycin B-Chemical -, O -precipitation O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -, O -and O -successive O -chromatography O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -150 O -, O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -, O -and O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -is O -presented O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -acidic O -uncouplers O -and O -oligomycin O -on O -energy O -- O -linked O -and O -passive O -proton O -translocation O -, O -oxidative O -phosphorylation O -, O -and O -energy O -- O -linked O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -transhydrogenase O -in O -EDTA O -submitochondrial O -particles O -from O -beef O -- O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -, O -properties O -, O -and O -kinetics O -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -isoenzyme O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -has O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -66 O -, O -000 O -as O -judged O -by O -gel O -filtration O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -, O -and O -a O -subunit O -molecular O -weight O -of O -39 O -, O -000 O -as O -determined O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -feedback O -inhibitor O -tyrosine B-Chemical -at O -concentrations O -above O -10 O -muM O -exhibits O -noncompetitive O -inhibition O -with O -respect O -to O -erythrose O -- O -4 O -- O -P O -, O -and O -competitive O -inhibition O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -other O -substrate O -, O -P O -- O -enolpyruvate O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -small O -form O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -is O -convertible O -to O -the O -large O -form O -only O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -protein O -, O -which O -has O -an O -apparent O -molecular O -weight O -of O -200 O -, O -000 O -and O -has O -no O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -small O -form O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -shows O -several O -electrophoretic O -variants O -by O -isoelectric O -focusing O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -EPR O -signal O -of O -W O -( O -V O -) O -in O -sulfite O -oxidase O -is O -quite O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -Mo O -( O -V O -) O -in O -its O -line O -shape O -and O -in O -its O -sensitivity O -to O -the O -presence O -of O -anions O -such O -as O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -fluoride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -these O -data O -with O -the O -known O -proton O -release O -accompanying O -the O -oxygenation O -of O -tetramers O -confirms O -that O -the O -pH O -dependence O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -binding O -by O -dimers O -must O -be O -very O -small O -. O - -aps B-category -Below O -pH O -8 O -. O -5 O -the O -tetramer O -- O -dimer O -dissociation O -constant O -of O -Hb O -Kansas O -is O -about O -400 O -times O -greater O -than O -that O -of O -HbA O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -on O -the O -tetramer O -- O -dimer O -dissociation O -of O -human O -hemoglobin O -were O -used O -to O -calculate O -the O -total O -free O -energy O -of O -binding O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -to O -the O -tetramer O -and O -the O -median O -oxygen B-Chemical -pressure O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -fundamental O -linkage O -relations O -and O -a O -pH O -- O -independent O -estimate O -of O -the O -total O -free O -energy O -of O -binding O -oxygen B-Chemical -to O -dimer O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -compared O -these O -simulations O -with O -experimental O -data O -obtained O -at O -low O -protein O -concentrations O -( O -30 O -to O -124 O -muM O -heme O -) O -to O -show O -that O -the O -variation O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -with O -pH O -can O -be O -described O -in O -terms O -of O -the O -subunit O -equilibria O -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -transfer O -of O -oxygens O -from O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -to O -glutamine B-Chemical -catalyzed O -by O -Escherichia O -coli O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -show O -that O -the O -transfer O -of O -oxygens O -from O -Pi O -to O -glutamine B-Chemical -is O -the O -most O -rapid O -of O -the O -measured O -isotopic O -interchanges O -, O -over O -five O -oxygens O -from O -Pi O -being O -transferred O -to O -glutamine B-Chemical -for O -each O -glutamate B-Chemical -formed O -by O -net O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -from O -brain O -or O -peas O -did O -not O -show O -the O -rapid O -transfer O -of O -18O O -from O -Pi O -to O -glutamine B-Chemical -shown O -by O -the O -E O -. O -coli O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -logical O -explanation O -of O -the O -results O -with O -the O -E O -. O -coli O -enzyme O -is O -that O -the O -gamma O -- O -carboxyl O -group O -of O -bound O -glutamate B-Chemical -has O -sufficient O -rotational O -freedom O -so O -that O -under O -conditions O -of O -rapid O -substrate O -interconversion O -either O -carboxylate O -oxygen B-Chemical -can O -participate O -in O -the O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -ATP O -- O -dependent O -calcium B-Chemical -transport O -in O -isolated O -membrane O -vesicles O -from O -Azotobacter O -vinelandii O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ATPase O -can O -be O -activated O -when O -the O -vesicles O -are O -incubated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -electron O -donor O -( O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -) O -and O -a O -mixture O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -and O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -or O -by O -controlled O -treatment O -with O -trypsin O -. O - -aps B-category -ATP O -- O -dependent O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -follows O -Michaelis O -- O -Menten O -kinetics O -with O -a O -Km O -of O -48 O -muM O -and O -a O -Vmax O -of O -20 O -nmol O -/ O -min O -/ O -mg O -of O -membrane O -protein O -and O -is O -highly O -specific O -for O -calcium B-Chemical -over O -cations O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -barium B-Chemical -, O -lanthanum O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -and O -lithium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -the O -presenceof O -ATP O -is O -blocked O -by O -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide O -, O -ADP O -, O -p O -- O -chloromercuriphenylsulfonate O -, O -by O -the O -proton O -- O -conducting O -ionophores O -m O -- O -chlorophenylcarbonylcyanide O -hydrazone O -, O -nigericin O -, O -monensin O -, O -and O -gramicidin O -D O -, O -but O -not O -by O -potassium B-Chemical -cyanide O -, O -anoxia O -, O -or O -valinomycin O -( O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -inactivation O -and O -reactivation O -of O -rabbit O -skeletal O -muscle O -phosphofructokinase O -have O -been O -studied O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -and O -enzyme O -concentration O -at O -constant O -temperature O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -inactivated O -by O -ATP O -can O -be O -reactivated O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -fructose O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Re O -- O -evaluation O -of O -the O -H O -+ O -/ O -site O -ratio O -of O -mitochondrial O -electron O -transport O -with O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -pulse O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -usual O -H O -+ O -/ O -site O -values O -of O -2 O -. O -0 O -observed O -by O -this O -method O -were O -found O -to O -be O -substantially O -underestimated O -as O -a O -result O -of O -the O -influx O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -into O -the O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dependence O -of O -this O -effect O -on O -the O -concentration O -of O -either O -inhibitor O -was O -identical O -with O -that O -for O -inhibition O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -N O -- O -Ethylmaleimide O -protected O -the O -elevated O -H O -+ O -/ O -site O -ratio O -of O -3 O -. O -0 O -against O -the O -deleterious O -effect O -of O -added O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -but O -did O -not O -prevent O -a O -lowering O -effect O -of O -weak O -acid O -anions O -such O -as O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxybutyrate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -low O -concentrations O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -to O -such O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -depleted I-Chemical -mitochondria O -decreased O -the O -H O -+ O -/ O -site O -ratio O -to O -2 O -. O -0 O -; O -addition O -of O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -returned O -the O -ratio O -to O -3 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -H O -+ O -/ O -site O -ratio O -of O -3 O -. O -0 O -observed O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -movements O -was O -not O -dependent O -on O -any O -narrowly O -limited O -set O -of O -experimental O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitors O -of O -the O -transport O -of O -ions O -or O -acids O -other O -than O -phosphate B-Chemical -did O -not O -affect O -the O -H O -+ O -/ O -site O -ratio O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -phosphate B-Chemical -movements O -are O -eliminated O -by O -the O -procedures O -described O -above O -, O -the O -observed O -H O -+ O -/ O -site O -ratio O -is O -about O -3 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Benzyl O -bromide B-Chemical -is O -a O -selective O -alkylator O -of O -sulfur O -nucleophiles O -including O -methionine B-Chemical -and O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Alkylation O -rates O -relative O -to O -methionine B-Chemical -are O -200 O -: O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -0 O -. O -03 O -: O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -0 O -. O -03 O -: O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -0 O -. O -02 O -for O -GS O -- O -, O -histidine O -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -, O -and O -GSH O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Fumarase O -is O -readily O -inactivated O -by O -exposure O -to O -benzyl O -bromide B-Chemical -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -6 O -to O -6 O -. O -8 O -accompanied O -by O -alkylation O -of O -close O -to O -1 O -methionine B-Chemical -residue O -/ O -subunit O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -inactivation O -of O -fumarase O -by O -benzyl O -bromide B-Chemical -is O -decreased O -about O -4 O -- O -fold O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -excess O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -that O -the O -sn B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycerol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -dihydroxyacetone O -phosphate B-Chemical -acyltransferase O -activities O -are O -dual O -catalytic O -functions O -of O -a O -single O -microsomal O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -polynucleotides O -and O -specificity O -for O -phosphodiester O -bond O -cleavage O -to O -yield O -purine B-Chemical -nucleosides B-Chemical -at O -the O -5 O -' O -termini O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -found O -to O -exist O -as O -two O -distinct O -species O -on O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -, O -with O -molecular O -weights O -of O -128 O -, O -000 O -and O -14 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Reciprocal O -regulation O -of O -yeast O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -by O -fructose O -bisphosphate O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -deficient O -cells O -contained O -much O -more O -neutral O -lipids O -with O -a O -greater O -ratio O -of O -unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -compared O -to O -the O -supplemented O -cells O -, O -whereas O -there O -was O -no O -significant O -change O -in O -their O -phospholipid O -contents O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -great O -increase O -in O -acid O -- O -soluble O -glycogen O -, O -trehalose O -, O -and O -fructose O -- O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -P2 O -, O -as O -well O -as O -a O -drastic O -decrease O -in O -citrate B-Chemical -in O -the O -deficient O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -activity O -in O -the O -gel O -filtrate O -was O -measured O -as O -a O -function O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -concentration O -at O -several O -fixed O -concentrations O -of O -fructose O -- O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -P2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Citrate B-Chemical -lacked O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -fructose O -- O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -P2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Lysyl O -oxidase O -is O -a O -specific O -amine B-Chemical -oxidase O -that O -catalyzes O -the O -formation O -of O -aldehyde B-Chemical -cross O -- O -link O -intermediates O -in O -collagen O -and O -elastin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -number O -of O -aldehyde B-Chemical -intermediates O -formed O -per O -molecule O -of O -collagen O -that O -became O -insoluble O -was O -two O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -of O -fibroblasts O -by O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activator O -co O -- O -chromatographed O -with O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -and O -several O -of O -these O -were O -found O -to O -stimulate O -guanylate O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulating O -activity O -diminished O -as O -the O -hydrocarbon O -chain O -of O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -lengthened O -or O -shortened O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -pattern O -of O -specificity O -is O -similar O -to O -that O -observed O -for O -the O -effect O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -on O -many O -other O -membranous O -functions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -among O -the O -effects O -of O -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -Mn2 O -+ O -, O -Lubrol O -PX O -, O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -on O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Identification O -of O -a O -functional O -arginine O -residue O -involved O -in O -coenzyme O -binding O -by O -the O -NADP O -- O -specific O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -of O -Neurospora O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -sequences O -are O -present O -in O -the O -bovine O -liver O -enzyme O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -) O -and O -the O -NAD O -- O -specific O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -of O -Neurospora O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -structural O -perturbations O -result O -in O -a O -high O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -, O -reduced O -Bohr O -effect O -, O -and O -lack O -of O -cooperatively O -in O -hemoglobin O -Nancy O -. O - -aps B-category -But O -relative O -to O -its O -action O -on O -hemoglobin O -A O -, O -IHP O -is O -much O -less O -effective O -in O -reducing O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -and O -in O -increasing O -the O -Bohr O -effect O -of O -hemoglobin O -Nancy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intrasubunit O -salt B-Chemical -bridge O -between O -His O -146beta O -and O -Asp O -94beta O -in O -deoxyhemoglobin O -A O -is O -lost O -in O -deoxyhemoglobin O -Cochin O -- O -Portal O -- O -Royal O -with O -the O -guanidinium O -ion O -of O -Arg O -146beta O -floating O -freely O -in O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -stereochemical O -method O -for O -detection O -of O -ATP O -terminal O -phosphate B-Chemical -transfer O -in O -enzymatic O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -with O -sheep O -brain O -and O -Escherichia O -coli O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetases O -show O -that O -cleavage O -of O -ATP O -of O -enzyme O -- O -bound O -ADP O -and O -P O -- O -X O -requires O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -provide O -kinetic O -support O -for O -a O -two O -- O -step O -mechanism O -where O -phosphoryl O -transfer O -from O -ATP O -to O -glutamate B-Chemical -precedes O -reaction O -with O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -properties O -of O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -5alpha O -- O -reductase O -have O -been O -examined O -in O -cell O -- O -free O -extracts O -of O -skin O -and O -of O -fibroblasts O -cultured O -from O -genital O -and O -nongenital O -skin O -from O -control O -subjects O -and O -from O -patients O -with O -several O -forms O -of O -male O -pseudohermaphroditism O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -properties O -, O -such O -as O -coenzyme O -requirement O -, O -steroid B-Chemical -substrate O -specificity O -, O -and O -instability O -with O -increasing O -temperature O -, O -appear O -to O -be O -similar O -. O - -aps B-category -Heterogeneity O -of O -binding O -sites O -for O -carbamyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -fluorinated O -analogs O -of O -carbamyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -number O -of O -sites O -for O -the O -tight O -- O -binding O -inhibitor O -N O -- O -( O -phosphonacetyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -does O -equal O -the O -number O -of O -catalytic O -chains O -in O -each O -case O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1967 O -) O -242 O -, O -2886 O -- O -2892 O -) O -has O -5 O -. O -4 O -tight O -sites O -for O -carbamyl O -- O -P O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -( O -KD O -= O -9 O -. O -9 O -muM O -) O -, O -whereas O -native O -enzyme O -from O -cells O -grown O -with O -higher O -concentrations O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -uracil O -, O -and O -histidine O -( O -to O -yield O -more O -enzyme O -per O -unit O -volume O -of O -culture O -) O -has O -only O -1 O -. O -9 O -tight O -sites O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -( O -KD O -= O -4 O -. O -6 O -muM O -) O -and O -only O -2 O -. O -3 O -tight O -sites O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -( O -KD O -= O -2 O -. O -6 O -muM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -has O -been O -used O -to O -study O -the O -binding O -of O -[ O -13C O -] O -carbamyl O -- O -P O -( O -90 O -% O -enriched O -) O -to O -the O -catalytic O -subunit O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -succinate O -, O -an O -analog O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -, O -is O -added O -to O -form O -a O -ternary O -complex O -, O -there O -is O -a O -large O -downfield O -change O -in O -the O -chemical O -shift O -for O -carbamyl O -- O -P O -, O -consistent O -with O -interaction O -between O -the O -carbonyl O -group O -and O -a O -proton O -donor O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -pH O -dependence O -of O -this O -downfield O -change O -and O -from O -the O -effects O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -analogs O -other O -than O -succinate O -, O -the O -form O -of O -the O -enzyme O -involved O -is O -proposed O -to O -be O -an O -isomerized O -ternary O -complex O -, O -previously O -observed O -in O -temperature O -jump O -and O -proton O -NMR O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -13C O -peak O -for O -the O -transition O -state O -analog O -N O -- O -( O -phosphonacetyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -( O -PALA O -) O -, O -90 O -% O -enriched O -specifically O -at O -the O -amide O -carbonyl O -group O -, O -is O -shifted O -20 O -Hz O -downfield O -of O -the O -peak O -for O -free O -PALA O -upon O -binding O -to O -the O -catalytic O -subunit O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -change O -in O -conformation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -- O -carbamyl O -- O -P O -complex O -upon O -binding O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -, O -previously O -proposed O -to O -aid O -catalysis O -by O -compressing O -the O -two O -substrates O -together O -in O -the O -active O -site O -, O -may O -be O -accompanied O -by O -polarization O -of O -the O -C O -= O -O O -bond O -, O -making O -this O -ordinarily O -unreactive O -group O -a O -much O -better O -electrophile O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -steady O -state O -peroxidase O -oxidation O -product O -of O -p O -- O -cresol O -( O -with O -p O -- O -cresol O -in O -large O -excess O -compared O -to O -the O -enzyme O -concentration O -) O -is O -Pummerer O -' O -s O -ketone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -Pummerer O -' O -s O -ketone B-Chemical -cannot O -be O -the O -intermediate O -free O -radical O -product O -responsible O -for O -reducing O -compound O -II O -in O -the O -single O -turnover O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -Active O -site O -chlorination O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -by O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -with O -N O -- O -[ O -36C O -] O -chloro B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -, O -N O -- O -chloro O -- O -D O -- O -[ O -1 O -- O -14C O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -and O -N O -- O -chloro O -- O -D O -- O -[ O -4 O -, O -5 O -- O -3H O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -show O -that O -the O -modified O -enzyme O -has O -been O -chlorinated O -at O -a O -site O -, O -or O -sites O -, O -on O -the O -apoenzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -chlorination O -of O -the O -enzyme O -on O -the O -steady O -state O -parameters O -for O -oxidation O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -is O -entirely O -explained O -by O -a O -single O -perturbation O -, O -namely O -, O -a O -1000 O -- O -fold O -reduction O -in O -the O -specific O -rate O -of O -flavin O -reduction O -as O -measured O -directly O -by O -rapid O -reaction O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -Chromatographic O -separation O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -on O -a O -weakly O -acidic O -ion O -- O -exchange O -resin O -using O -a O -borate O -- O -containing O -eluent O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -o O -- O -phenanthroline O -, O -alpha O -- O -2 O -- O -macroglobulin O -, O -and O -egg O -white O -, O -and O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -by O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -and O -EDTA O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -are O -inhibited O -by O -o O -- O -phenanthroline O -and O -activity O -is O -restored O -by O -cobalt B-Chemical -, O -zinc B-Chemical -, O -or O -ferrous O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Sedimentation O -, O -gel O -chromatography O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -and O -immuno O -- O -diffusion O -studies O -of O -digests O -of O -isolated O -proteoglycan O -fraction O -produced O -by O -the O -partially O -purified O -cartilage O -extract O -at O -neutral O -and O -acid O -pH O -confirmed O -that O -the O -cartilage O -enzymes O -act O -only O -on O -the O -protein O -component O -of O -proteoglycan O -subunit O -, O -producing O -fragments O -with O -5 O -to O -12 O -chondroitin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -chains O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -eight O -reducing O -agents O -examined O -, O -including O -glutathione B-Chemical -, O -ascorbic O -acid O -, O -and O -intermediates O -of O -the O -glycolytic O -and O -hexose O -monophosphate O -shunt O -pathways O -, O -only O -the O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -could O -serve O -as O -electron O -donors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -for O -NADH O -was O -approximately O -0 O -. O -7 O -mM O -regardless O -of O -pH O -, O -while O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -the O -Km O -varied O -from O -0 O -. O -02 O -mM O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -to O -0 O -. O -3 O -mM O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Particulate O -O2 O -- O -production O -accounted O -for O -35 O -% O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -taken O -up O -during O -the O -respiratory O -burst O -by O -an O -equivalent O -number O -of O -intact O -neutrophils O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -oral O -radiotelemetric O -technique O -was O -used O -to O -determine O -whether O -a O -range O -of O -efficient O -buffers O -had O -the O -capacity O -to O -control O -the O -levels O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -within O -dental O -plaque O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -permselective O -properties O -were O -studied O -as O -functions O -of O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -gradient O -solutions O -, O -the O -composition O -of O -the O -apatites O -, O -and O -the O -pretreatments O -with O -anionic O -phosphate B-Chemical -compounds O -and O -cationic O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -hypersensitivity O -in O -mice O -induced O -by O -Bordetella O -pertussis O -or O -pharmacologic O -beta O -adrenergic O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -Female O -HLA O -- O -SW O -( O -ICR O -) O -mice O -, O -27 O -- O -29 O -gm O -, O -were O -injected O -with O -pertussis B-Chemical -vaccine I-Chemical -intravenously O -4 O -days O -before O -challenge O -with O -antigen O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -or O -serotonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -PGE1 B-Chemical -and O -PGE2 B-Chemical -at O -a O -narrow O -range O -of O -between O -10 O -and O -100 O -mug O -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -at O -100 O -mug O -protected O -both O -pertussis O -- O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -, O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -and O -atropine B-Chemical -were O -not O -protective O -at O -all O -. O - -aps B-category -Corticosterone O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -reduced O -the O -number O -of O -deaths O -from O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -beta O -- O -blocked O -mice O -, O -but O -not O -in O -pertussis O -- O -treated O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemical O -- O -structural O -properties O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -active O -odontoblasts O -from O -the O -rat O -incisor O -, O -used O -as O -a O -model O -system O -for O -biologic O -calcification O -, O -two O -distinguishable O -enzyme O -activities O -capable O -of O -degrading O -adenosine B-Chemical -monophosphate O -( O -ATP O -) O -exist O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximal O -activity O -was O -found O -against O -ATP O -, O -whereas O -adenosine B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -, O -guanosine B-Chemical -triphosphate O -, O -inosine O -triphosphate O -and O -adensoine O -monophosphate O -were O -hydrolysed O -at O -lower O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -lesions O -have O -been O -reported O -to O -contain O -increased O -amounts O -of O -the O -neurohumors O -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -as O -well O -as O -increased O -activity O -of O -acetylcholinesterase O -and O -catechol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -O I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltransferase I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lymphocytes O -and O -PMN O -leukocytes O -isolated O -from O -patients O -with O -atopic O -dermatitis O -show O -both O -a O -decreased O -physiologic O -response O -( O -glycogenolysis O -and O -inhibition O -of O -lysosome O -enzyme O -release O -) O -and O -a O -decreased O -rise O -in O -intracellular O -levels O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -upon O -incubation O -with O -beta O -agonists O -, O -but O -a O -normal O -response O -to O -PGE1 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Coenzyme B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -derivatives O -of O -bile O -acids O -- O -chemical O -synthesis O -, O -purification O -, O -and O -utilization O -in O -enzymic O -preparation O -of O -taurine O -conjugates O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -each O -case O -, O -the O -purified O -product O -is O -free O -of O -starting O -materials O -and O -exhibits O -an O -equimolar O -ratio O -of O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -coenzyme O -A O -, O -and O -thioester O -bond O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -produced O -on O -hydrolysis O -was O -isolated O -in O -a O -one O -- O -step O -liquid O -- O -liquid O -partition O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -reversible O -, O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -blockade O -of O -spontaneous O -oocyte O -maturation O -in O -the O -starfish O -: O -locus O -of O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Production O -of O -retarded O -, O -albino O -, O -regenerates O -in O -newts O -by O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -argued O -that O -clinical O -observations O -do O -not O -lead B-Chemical -one O -to O -believe O -that O -either O -the O -form O -or O -the O -content O -of O -schizophrenic O -thought O -disorder O -changes O -in O -any O -fundamental O -way O -as O -a O -result O -of O -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -Subcellular O -distribution O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -catalase O -in O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -from O -brains O -of O -adult O -and O -newborn O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Action O -of O -some O -fluorinated O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -compounds O -on O -the O -synaptosomal O -uptake O -of O -neurotransmitters O -. O - -aps B-category -Subcellular O -localization O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mono I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxygenase I-Chemical -in O -bovine O -pineal O -glands O -and O -raphe O -nuclei O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -conducted O -to O -determine O -the O -chemical O -nature O -and O -growth O -stimulating O -action O -of O -the O -black O -phenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbohydrate I-Chemical -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -proteins O -: O -feeding O -studies O -with O -free O -and O -protein O -- O -bound O -lysinoalanine O -in O -rats O -and O -other O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -such O -changes O -or O -any O -other O -indications O -of O -toxicity O -were O -observed O -, O -however O -, O -upon O -feeding O -much O -higher O -levels O -of O -LAL O -( O -up O -to O -6 O -, O -000 O -ppm O -) O -when O -provided O -as O -the O -protein O -- O -bound O -compound O -in O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -casein O -or O -soybean O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -nephrotoxic O -activity O -was O -observed O -, O -however O -, O -with O -peptide O -- O -boound O -LAL O -in O -break O -- O -down O -products O -( O -molecular O -weight O -less O -than O -5 O -, O -000 O -) O -of O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -casein O -, O -but O -considerably O -less O -than O -that O -of O -the O -free O -compound O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -brush O -border O -preparation O -from O -rat O -intestine O -was O -incubated O -with O -rat O -intrinsic O -factor B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -vitamin I-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -complex O -in O -0 O -. O -01 O -M O -Tris O -- O -HCl O -buffer O -, O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Brush O -borders O -washed O -with O -Krebs O -- O -Ringer O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -buffer O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -) O -exhibited O -no O -difference O -in O -B12 O -uptake O -, O -whether O -in O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -reached O -a O -maximum O -by O -addition O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -0 O -. O -3 O -mM O -, O -and O -was O -not O -alter O -up O -to O -10 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -B12 O -uptake O -was O -markedly O -inhibited O -by O -manganese O -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dihydrofolate O -synthetase O -( O -EC O -6 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -. O -12 O -) O -responsible O -for O -catalyzing O -the O -synthesis O -of O -dihydrofolic O -acid O -from O -dihydropteroic O -acid O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -purified O -about O -130 O -- O -fold O -from O -extracts O -of O -Serratia O -indica O -IFO O -3759 O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -fractionation O -, O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -column O -chromatography O -, O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -gel O -filtration O -, O -and O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -column O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Glutamyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -cannot O -replace O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -as O -the O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -systematic O -name O -for O -the O -dihydrofolate O -synthetase O -is O -7 O -, O -8 O -- O -dihydropteroate O -: O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -ligase O -( O -ADP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -dioctyl O -sodium B-Chemical -sulfosuccinate O -on O -hog O -pepsin O -activity O -was O -investigated O -over O -the O -pH O -1 O -. O -5 O -- O -3 O -. O -0 O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -Preservation O -characteristics O -of O -buffalo O -semen O -in O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -whey I-Chemical -as O -an O -extender O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -protein O -which O -showed O -high O -affinity O -for O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -was O -isolated O -from O -bull O -seminal O -vesicle O -secretion O -and O -seminal O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -protein O -from O -bull O -seminal O -vesicle O -secretion O -, O -estimated O -by O -the O -gel O -filtration O -method O -, O -was O -110 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Clonidine B-Chemical -and O -related O -analogues O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -are O -discussed O -in O -the O -light O -of O -the O -postulated O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -several O -biological O -tests O -, O -the O -potency O -of O -seven O -new O -benzophenone O -derivatives O -approached O -or O -exceed O -that O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -35a O -) O -or O -its O -glycylaminobenzophenone O -analogue O -36 O -. O - -aps B-category -Physiological O -variation O -in O -the O -rabbits O -' O -dietary O -Na O -+ O -intake O -caused O -variations O -in O -bladder O -G O -and O -Isc O -similar O -to O -those O -caused O -by O -the O -expected O -in O -vivo O -changes O -in O -aldosterone B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -perturbational O -effects O -of O -monovalent O -and O -divalent O -cations O -on O -human O -erythrocyte O -membranes O -were O -analyzed O -by O -examining O -their O -influence O -on O -kinetic O -and O -structural O -characteristics O -of O -trinitrobenzenesulfonic O -acid O -( O -TNBS O -) O -incorporation O -into O -the O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -of O -protein O -and O -phospholipid O -structural O -components O -. O - -aps B-category -Transient O -extracellular O -pH O -changes O -accompany O -the O -exchange O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -for O -sulfate O -across O -the O -erythrocyte O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -is O -present O -, O -the O -extracellular O -pH O -drops O -sharply O -at O -the O -outset O -of O -the O -anion O -exchange O -and O -tends O -to O -follow O -the O -partial O -ionic O -equilibrium O -described O -by O -Wilbrandt O -( O -W O -. O -Wilbrandt O -, O -1942 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stoichiometry O -of O -the O -transport O -is O -that O -one O -chloride B-Chemical -exchanges O -for O -one O -sulfate O -plus O -one O -proton O -. O - -aps B-category -Mutational O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -replacements O -in O -Neurospora O -crassa O -NADP O -- O -specific O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Phage O -particles O -hydrolyze O -alpha O -- O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -mannosyl O -linkages O -in O -the O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -, O -the O -polysaccharide O -( O -mannan O -) O -moiety O -, O -and O -higher O -oligosaccharides O -with O -an O -efficiency O -decreasing O -in O -this O -order O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -latter O -, O -which O -was O -obtained O -after O -electrodialysis O -, O -has O -a O -micellar O -weight O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -5 O -) O -, O -whereas O -the O -native O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -forms O -supermicelles O -with O -micellar O -weights O -of O -several O -millions O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -coronary O -arteriography O -performed O -on O -a O -41 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -woman O -with O -angina O -pectoris O -demonstrated O -proximal O -stenosis O -of O -the O -right O -and O -left O -main O -coronary O -arteries O -that O -was O -unaffected O -by O -nitrate B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -In O -vitro O -antibacterial O -effects O -of O -spectinomycin O -and O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -on O -Neisseria O -gonorrhoeae O -singly O -and O -in O -combination O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentrations O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -at O -which O -the O -isolates O -showed O -drug O -sensitivity O -ranged O -widely O -from O -0 O -. O -011 O -to O -6 O -. O -25 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -About O -60 O -% O -of O -the O -isolates O -were O -sensitive O -to O -6 O -. O -25 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -of O -spectinomycin O -, O -and O -those O -isolates O -which O -were O -resistant O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -showed O -good O -sensitivity O -to O -spectinomycin O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -synergistic O -effect O -of O -a O -penicillin B-Chemical -and O -an O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotic O -was O -observed O -in O -these O -isolates O -of O -N O -. O -gonorrhoea O -as O -was O -in O -the O -isolates O -of O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -at O -0 O -. O -19 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -led O -to O -an O -impairment O -of O -cell O -division O -at O -one O -hour O -of O -exposure O -and O -to O -cell O -swelling O -and O -lysis O -with O -further O -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -positive O -chronotropic O -and O -inotropic O -responses O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -were O -not O -significantly O -suppressed O -by O -treatment O -with O -large O -amounts O -of O -quinidine B-Chemical -or O -procainamide B-Chemical -, O -but O -completely O -blocked O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -cupric O -bromide B-Chemical -on O -the O -intensity O -of O -gaseous O -substance O -release O -from O -sanitary O -equipment O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -properties O -of O -the O -pure O -, O -soluble O -phospholipase O -D O -( O -phosphatidycholine O -phosphatido O -hydrolase O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -4 O -) O -interactions O -with O -phosphatidyl O -choline B-Chemical -( O -1 O -, O -2 O -diacyl O -- O -sn O -- O -glycerol O -- O -3 O -- O -phosphoryl O -choline B-Chemical -) O -in O -a O -system O -also O -containing O -dodecylsulfate O -and O -Ca2 O -+ O -ions O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -enlargement O -of O -the O -liver O -with O -marked O -increases O -in O -free O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -total O -phospholipids O -, O -and O -phosphatidylinositol O -took O -place O -by O -administration O -of O -a O -larger O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -several O -other O -drugs O -tested O -, O -chloroquine B-Chemical -and O -diazacholesterol O -brought O -on O -as O -much O -increase O -in O -BMGP O -as O -treatment O -with O -DH O -. O - -aps B-category -Schizophrenic O -psychology O -, O -associative O -learning O -and O -the O -role O -of O -forebrain O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -tentatively O -suggested O -that O -recognition O -of O -association O -of O -related O -features O -of O -the O -environment O -, O -whether O -in O -humans O -or O -animals O -occurs O -in O -the O -basal O -ganglia O -by O -a O -dopamine B-Chemical -dependent O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -the O -parietal O -cell O -in O -gastric O -damage O -induced O -by O -aspirin B-Chemical -and O -related O -drugs O -: O -implications O -for O -safer O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -selective O -damage O -to O -the O -parietal O -cells O -is O -due O -to O -the O -ph O -gradient O -favouring O -a O -high O -rate O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -subsequent O -entrapment O -of O -drug O -anions O -inside O -these O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -weeks O -' O -treatment O -with O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -thioridazine B-Chemical -, O -sulpiride B-Chemical -, O -or O -bromazepam O -: O -actions O -and O -interactions O -with O -alcohol B-Chemical -on O -psychomotor O -skills O -related O -to O -driving O -. O - -aps B-category -Timolol B-Chemical -caused O -a O -quite O -marked O -regression O -in O -the O -frequency O -of O -attacks O -and O -in O -the O -pulse O -rate O -at O -rest O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -most O -important O -coronary O -risk O -factors O -are O -a O -diet O -rich O -in O -saturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -calories O -, O -hypercholesterolemia O -, O -high O -blood O -pressure O -and O -excessive O -smoking B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Favorable O -results O -have O -also O -been O -reported O -with O -a O -combination O -of O -isosorbide B-Chemical -dinitrate I-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -to O -the O -literature O -and O -to O -personal O -data O -showed O -that O -increased O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -levels O -could O -be O -attributed O -to O -enzyme O -induction O -( O -caused O -by O -drugs O -or O -alcohol B-Chemical -) O -, O -liver O -damage O -in O -the O -broad O -sense O -, O -and O -intra O -- O -or O -extrahepatic O -cholestasis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -behaviour O -of O -partial O -tensions O -of O -respiratory O -gases O -and O -pH O -in O -the O -arterial O -blood O -was O -evaluated O -in O -anoxiaemic O -and O -hypercapnic O -( O -1st O -group O -) O -and O -hypo O -- O -eucapnic O -( O -IInd O -group O -) O -subjects O -undergoing O -oxygen B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Changes O -in O -acid O -- O -base O -equilibrium O -of O -the O -arterial O -blood O -in O -hypoxemic O -- O -eucapnic O -subjects O -subjected O -to O -oxygen B-Chemical -therapy O -with O -and O -without O -an O -antiphosphodiesterase O -drug O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patiests O -were O -subdivided O -into O -two O -groups O -, O -the O -first O -consisting O -of O -subjects O -undergoing O -oxygen B-Chemical -therapy O -alone O -, O -the O -second O -of O -subjects O -having O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -obtained O -showed O -a O -disappearance O -of O -the O -hypoxaemic O -state O -without O -appreciable O -changes O -in O -paCO2 O -in O -all O -patients O -; O -in O -those O -undergoing O -oxygen B-Chemical -therapy O -only O -, O -also O -observed O -were O -: O -1 O -) O -increase O -in O -plasmatic O -H O -+ O -and O -reduction O -in O -pH O -; O -2 O -) O -diminution O -in O -HCO3 O -- O -and O -plasma O -Na O -+ O -; O -3 O -) O -increase O -in O -plasma O -concentration O -of O -Cl O -- O -; O -4 O -) O -statistical O -significance O -of O -these O -data O -; O -5 O -) O -tendency O -of O -all O -values O -in O -the O -parameters O -considered O -to O -return O -to O -basal O -values O -upon O -suspension O -of O -oxygenation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -modifications O -were O -noted O -: O -1 O -) O -increased O -pO2 O -; O -2 O -) O -decreased O -CO2 O -due O -to O -true O -wash O -- O -out O -caused O -by O -tonometry O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -; O -3 O -) O -decreased O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -and O -bicarbonates O -following O -CO2 O -washing O -in O -both O -experimental O -models O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -seen O -as O -proof O -of O -the O -view O -that O -theophylline B-Chemical -inhibits O -red O -cell O -membrane O -ion O -exchanges O -, O -such O -as O -to O -oppose O -or O -at O -any O -rate O -limit O -metabolic O -changes O -in O -acid O -- O -base O -balance O -induced O -by O -oxygenation O -. O - -aps B-category -Therapy O -was O -based O -essentially O -on O -controlled O -ventilotherapy O -using O -an O -iron B-Chemical -lung O -and O -considerable O -improvements O -were O -achieved O -clinically O -with O -practically O -total O -normalization O -of O -the O -acid O -base O -imbalance O -after O -only O -a O -few O -hours O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Basal O -plasma O -prolactin O -values O -were O -raised O -in O -most O -patients O -who O -were O -being O -treated O -with O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -and O -were O -helpful O -diagnostically O -in O -patients O -with O -amenorrhoea O -, O -galactorrhoea O -, O -hypogonadism O -, O -cranio O -- O -pharyngioma O -, O -" O -non O -- O -functioning O -" O -pituitary O -tumours O -and O -acromegaly O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -the O -failure O -of O -lines O -to O -appear O -on O -media O -enriched O -with O -unsuitable O -serum O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -false O -- O -negative O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -between O -thiols B-Chemical -and O -8 O -- O -azidoadenosine O -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Sensitivity O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -polymerase O -to O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -blocking O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degree O -of O -sensitivity O -varies O -depending O -on O -the O -enzyme O -purity O -, O -pH O -of O -the O -reaction O -, O -and O -the O -presence O -of O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -reducing O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reversal O -of O -inhibition O -involves O -more O -than O -just O -a O -titration O -of O -NEM O -with O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -since O -a O -) O -the O -combination O -of O -these O -two O -reagents O -actually O -stimulates O -the O -DNA O -polymerase O -, O -and O -b O -) O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -did O -not O -reverse O -the O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -power O -and O -fecundity O -of O -Ahlquist O -' O -s O -original O -concept O -of O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -receptors O -can O -now O -be O -seen O -in O -dramatic O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -obfuscation O -and O -sterility O -of O -the O -then O -contemporary O -theory O -of O -two O -" O -sympathins O -" O -. O - -aps B-category -Detailed O -pharmacological O -studies O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -comparison O -of O -its O -properties O -with O -those O -of O -other O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -drugs O -have O -indicated O -that O -these O -drugs O -may O -possess O -properties O -in O -addition O -to O -their O -effect O -in O -blocking O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -no O -substantial O -evidence O -that O -beta O -- O -antogonists O -are O -of O -value O -in O -the O -psychoses O -and O -these O -negative O -findings O -suggest O -that O -disturbances O -of O -brain O -catecholamines B-Chemical -contribute O -little O -to O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -these O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Beta O -- O -blocking O -agents O -such O -as O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -and O -practolol O -have O -been O -asssociated O -with O -numerous O -adverse O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -the O -observation O -that O -pronethalol O -lowered O -the O -blood O -pressure O -a O -similar O -effect O -was O -demonstrated O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -hypertension O -: O -a O -review O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -current O -use O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -hypertension O -as O -regards O -dosage O -, O -dose O -intervals O -and O -starting O -doses O -is O -also O -outlined O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -an O -attempt O -is O -made O -to O -assess O -the O -future O -role O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -hypertension O -in O -comparison O -with O -other O -antihypertensive O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -a O -significant O -superiority O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -over O -the O -other O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -types O -of O -agonist O -- O -receptor O -interaction O -, O -five O -mechanisms O -of O -inhibition O -, O -and O -three O -types O -of O -basal O -activity O -have O -been O -considered O -which O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -set O -of O -45 O -descriptions O -of O -the O -general O -cross O -inhibition O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Growth O -of O -E O -. O -coli O -at O -pH O -5 O -protected O -the O -bacteria O -against O -the O -lytic O -effect O -of O -beta B-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotics O -typically O -observed O -when O -the O -cells O -are O -grown O -at O -pH O -7 O -or O -7 O -. O -5 O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -the O -pH O -values O -routinely O -used O -in O -laboratory O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cataleptic O -clinging O -, O -produced O -either O -by O -catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -drugs O -or O -lateral O -hypothalamic O -damage O -in O -adult O -cats O -, O -rats O -, O -or O -monkeys O -, O -bandaging O -the O -face O -and O -neck O -causes O -the O -head O -to O -fall O -backwards O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidental O -observation O -was O -also O -made O -that O -Factor O -IXa O -and O -or O -Factor B-Chemical -Xa I-Chemical -inactivate O -Factor B-Chemical -VIII I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -discussion O -as O -to O -an O -improvement O -of O -the O -AMP O -- O -manual O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -following O -suggestions O -: O -In O -defining O -a O -psychopathological O -item O -it O -is O -important O -to O -differentiate O -more O -precisely O -between O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -subjective O -experience O -and O -his O -behaviour O -, O -to O -find O -better O -criteria O -concerning O -the O -rating O -of O -different O -intensities O -and O -to O -improve O -discrimination O -between O -singular O -items O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -blind O -between O -- O -groups O -trial O -was O -carried O -out O -to O -compare O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -the O -new O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -compound O -, O -bromazepam O -, O -( O -Lexotan O -, O -Ro O -5 O -- O -3350 O -) O -as O -an O -anti O -- O -anxiety O -compound O -with O -that O -of O -diazepan O -. O - -aps B-category -showed O -that O -bromazepam O -is O -likely O -to O -exert O -a O -disinhibiting O -or O -" O -activating O -" O -action O -, O -unlike O -most O -other O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -in O -clinical O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -humoral O -modulators O -and O -naloxone B-Chemical -on O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -changes O -in O -the O -spontaneous O -locomotor O -activity O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -rats O -pretreated O -with O -p O -- O -CPA O -were O -given O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -before O -morphine B-Chemical -injection O -, O -the O -marked O -sedative O -response O -to O -morphine B-Chemical -was O -restored O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -decrease O -in O -SLMA O -of O -rats O -may O -depend O -on O -the O -release O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -by O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -magnitude O -of O -the O -increase O -was O -reduced O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -scopolamine B-Chemical -or O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -the O -increase O -in O -SLMA O -produced O -by O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -the O -decrease O -in O -SLMA O -induced O -by O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -were O -completely O -antagonized O -by O -the O -s O -. O -c O -. O -administration O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCl I-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -0625 O -and O -0 O -. O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -experience O -indicated O -the O -possibility O -that O -a O -serotonin B-Chemical -antagonist O -substance O -, O -was O -effective O -in O -relieving O -dyskinesia O -as O -a O -reaction O -to O -phenothiazine O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -patients O -, O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -was O -definitely O -effective O -in O -relieving O -the O -dyskinesia O -over O -an O -extended O -period O -of O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -animals O -with O -the O -greatest O -history O -of O -prior O -addiction O -continued O -to O -drink O -large O -quantities O -of O -ETZ O -, O -despite O -pretreatment O -with O -relatively O -large O -doses O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Different O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -caused O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -blockade O -( O -antagonism O -against O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -compulsive O -gnawing O -) O -for O -varying O -lengths O -of O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -or O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -synthesis O -had O -no O -influence O -on O -development O -of O -supersensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Tolerance O -to O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -antagonistic O -effect O -of O -a O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -also O -developed O -after O -a O -single O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -most O -likely O -due O -to O -increased O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -receptors O -for O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonist I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Noradrenergic O -or O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -neuron O -systems O -do O -not O -seem O -to O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -supersensitivity O -, O -whereas O -a O -dopaminergic O -- O -cholinergic O -balance O -is O -operative O -in O -the O -supersensitivity O -situation O -. O - -aps B-category -Mice O -, O -administered O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -d O -) O -in O -their O -drinking O -water O -for O -21 O -days O -, O -displayed O -, O -4 O -days O -after O -cessation O -of O -the O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treatment I-Chemical -, O -marked O -locomotor O -stimulation O -to O -clonidine B-Chemical -( O -100 O -or O -500 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -) O -which O -lasted O -for O -about O -6 O -h O -. O -25 O -mug O -clonidine B-Chemical -/ O -kg O -was O -inactive O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -animals O -displayed O -a O -supersensitive O -response O -to O -dexamphetamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pimozide B-Chemical -( O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -blocked O -all O -locomotor O -stimulation O -produced O -by O -dexamphetamine B-Chemical -in O -both O -vehicle O -- O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -groups O -, O -while O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -completely O -blocked O -the O -dexamphetamine B-Chemical -response O -in O -vehicle O -- O -treated O -animals O -but O -not O -in O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -long O -- O -term O -haloperidol B-Chemical -treatment O -leads O -to O -the O -development O -of O -" O -supersensitive O -" O -adrenergic O -receptors O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -, O -which O -, O -appropriately O -stimulated O -, O -effect O -an O -increase O -in O -locomotor O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -( O -which O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -supersensitive O -to O -apomorphine B-Chemical -) O -is O -of O -fundamental O -importance O -because O -phenoxybenzamine O -and O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -while O -blocking O -the O -supersensitive O -response O -to O -dexamphetamine B-Chemical -, O -failed O -to O -block O -the O -response O -to O -dexamphetamine B-Chemical -in O -vehicle O -- O -treated O -animals O -, O -which O -was O -, O -however O -, O -blocked O -by O -pimozide O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -of O -B6AF1 O -/ O -J O -mice O -with O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -HCl O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -twice O -daily O -for O -5 O -days O -, O -produced O -a O -4 O -- O -fold O -increase O -in O -the O -running O -response O -to O -a O -test O -dose O -of O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -amphetamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -test O -dose O -of O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -amphetamine B-Chemical -lowered O -whole O -brain O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -levels O -of O -control O -mice O -from O -0 O -. O -50 O -mug O -/ O -g O -to O -0 O -. O -28 O -mug O -/ O -g O -in O -2 O -h O -. O -In O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pretreated I-Chemical -mice O -, O -this O -injection O -caused O -an O -increase O -in O -whole O -- O -brain O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -levels O -from O -0 O -. O -22 O -mug O -/ O -g O -to O -0 O -. O -55 O -mug O -/ O -g O -at O -30 O -min O -, O -followed O -by O -a O -decrease O -to O -0 O -. O -22 O -mug O -/ O -g O -at O -60 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Amphetamine B-Chemical -sensitization O -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -depletion O -were O -still O -evident O -25 O -days O -after O -pretreatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Reserpine B-Chemical -pretreatment O -resulted O -in O -a O -3 O -- O -fold O -increase O -in O -locomotor O -activity O -following O -injection O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -, O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -sensitization O -produced O -by O -amphetamine B-Chemical -pretreatment O -may O -be O -related O -to O -the O -depletion O -of O -brain O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -attenuated O -the O -suppressant O -effects O -of O -punishment O -on O -the O -response O -rate O -of O -rats O -in O -the O -multiple O -schedule O -of O -reinforcement O -devised O -by O -Geller O -and O -Seifter O -( O -1960 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -give O -an O -experimental O -support O -to O -the O -clinical O -observations O -about O -the O -usefulness O -of O -the O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -antidepressant I-Chemical -combination O -in O -certain O -depressive O -illnesses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -mepiprazole O -( O -EMD O -16 O -, O -923 O -) O -, O -a O -new O -pyrazol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ylalkyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -piperazine I-Chemical -derivative O -, O -on O -the O -uptake O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norepinephrine I-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -, O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopamine I-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -, O -and O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -serotonin I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -into O -rat O -brain O -synaptosomes O -from O -cerebral O -cortex O -, O -corpus O -striatum O -, O -and O -hypothalamus O -was O -investigated O -in O -comparison O -with O -several O -psychotropic O -drugs O -, O -including O -oxypertine O -, O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -, O -imipramine B-Chemical -, O -desipramine B-Chemical -, O -chlorimipramine O -, O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -, O -and O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -influence O -of O -the O -drugs O -on O -the O -retention O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amines I-Chemical -previously O -taken O -up O -by O -whole O -rat O -brain O -synaptosomes O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -mepiprazole O -to O -increase O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -concentration O -at O -the O -receptor O -level O -by O -a O -combination O -of O -neuronal O -uptake O -inhibition O -and O -release O -is O -discussed O -in O -relationship O -to O -the O -central O -actions O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Microsomal O -ethanol B-Chemical -oxidizing O -system O -in O -the O -hepatocyte O -: O -its O -nature O -and O -significance O -for O -ethanol B-Chemical -oxidation O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Time O -course O -of O -free O -and O -N4 O -- O -acetylated O -sulfapyridine O -concentrations O -in O -the O -plasma O -and O -saliva O -of O -man O -after O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -( O -salicylazosulfapyridine O -) O -administration O -: O -preliminary O -findings O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -removal O -of O -subcutaneously O -- O -implanted O -morphine B-Chemical -pellets O -from O -the O -mice O -, O -the O -incidence O -of O -spontaneous O -withdrawal O -jumping O -was O -used O -as O -a O -quantifiable O -criterion O -of O -physical O -dependence O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -chicken O -haemoglobin O -in O -whole O -blood O -and O -erythrocyte O -suspensions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -failure O -of O -the O -haemoglobin O -to O -reach O -full O -saturation O -at O -arterial O -PO2 O -IS O -DISCUSSED O -IN O -RELATION O -TO O -THE O -HAEMoglobin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxygen I-Chemical -equilibrium O -concept O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparison O -between O -a O -new O -hypnotic O -Flunitrazepam B-Chemical -( O -Ro O -5 O -- O -4200 O -) O -, O -and O -a O -barbiturate B-Chemical -by O -double O -- O -blind O -method O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -96 O -patients O -with O -meningitis O -due O -to O -Neisseria O -meningitidis O -and O -Diplococcus O -pneumoniae O -were O -treated O -with O -epicillin O -or O -ampicillin B-Chemical -according O -to O -a O -predesigned O -randomization O -chart O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholinergic O -stimulation O -of O -the O -lateral O -hypothalamic O -neurons O -with O -intrahypothalamic O -microinjections O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -or O -carbachol B-Chemical -caused O -a O -marked O -increase O -in O -the O -content O -of O -the O -active O -form O -of O -glycogen O -( O -starch O -) O -synthase O -in O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -applications O -of O -other O -neurotransmitters O -, O -such O -as O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -and O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -enzyme O -' O -s O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Leucocyte O -- O -rich O -fraction O -obtained O -by O -dextran B-Chemical -at O -low O -pH O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -test O -this O -hypothesis O -five O -men O -exercised O -on O -four O -separate O -occasions O -with O -and O -without O -prior O -beta O -adrenergic O -blockade O -with O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Factor B-Chemical -VIII I-Chemical -levels O -did O -not O -change O -significantly O -during O -any O -of O -the O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -Contrasted O -with O -heparin B-Chemical -the O -following O -general O -conclusions O -may O -be O -made O -regarding O -its O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -results O -were O -obtained O -with O -heparin B-Chemical -in O -vitro O -with O -thrombin O -- O -fibrinogen O -mixtures O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparison O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -antidepressive O -drugs O -and O -anxiolytic O -agents O -in O -minor O -nervous O -diseases O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Marine O -natural O -products O -: O -5alpha O -- O -cholestane O -- O -3beta O -, O -5 O -, O -6beta O -, O -9 O -- O -tetrol O -: O -a O -polyhydroxylated O -steroid B-Chemical -from O -the O -gorgonian O -Pseudopterogorgia O -elisabethae O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Treatment O -of O -sleep O -disturbances O -with O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -( O -Rohypnol O -) O -and O -allypropymal O -. O - -aps B-category -Report O -of O -a O -controlled O -clinical O -comparison O -with O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -( O -Mogadon O -) O -and O -allypropymal O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -air O -or O -nitrogen B-Chemical -gas O -in O -blood O -seems O -to O -increase O -the O -pH O -perhaps O -by O -elimination O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -( O -CO2 O -) O -which O -in O -turn O -causes O -the O -different O -rates O -of O -glycolysis O -in O -the O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -plasma O -as O -regards O -the O -levels O -of O -TTH O -, O -prolactin O -, O -FSH O -, O -LH O -, O -ACTH B-Chemical -and O -STH O -is O -investigated O -every O -0 O -, O -20 O -, O -30 O -, O -60 O -and O -90 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -aqueous O -extract O -of O -Eugenia O -caryophyllus O -on O -brain O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -esterase O -( O -AChE O -) O -activity O -in O -rats O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -reducing O -effect O -was O -not O -due O -to O -the O -acidic O -nature O -of O -the O -extract O -and O -suggests O -that O -Eugenia O -caryophyllus O -contains O -some O -water O -soluble O -substance O -( O -s O -) O -with O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -choline I-Chemical -esterase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fraction O -obtained O -at O -pH O -1 O -. O -35 O -resembled O -calf O -thymus O -f2a2 O -histone O -in O -its O -extraction O -properties O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -, O -and O -also O -showed O -a O -possible O -stepwise O -accumulation O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -was O -HBsAg B-Chemical -positive O -and O -a O -" O -reactive O -" O -hepatitis O -with O -histologically O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -a O -typical O -endonuclease O -hydrolysing O -all O -phosphodiester O -bonds O -in O -RNA O -, O -yielding O -ultimately O -purine B-Chemical -and O -pyrimidine O -nucleoside B-Chemical -2 O -' O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -phosphates O -and O -the O -corresponding O -3 O -' O -- O -phosphates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -does O -not O -hydrolyse O -synthetic O -purine B-Chemical -cyclic O -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -alanine B-Chemical -of O -AMP O -- O -deaminase O -from O -rabbit O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degree O -and O -type O -of O -inhibition O -of O -AMP O -- O -deaminase O -by O -alanine B-Chemical -depend O -on O -pH O -; O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -alanine B-Chemical -behaves O -like O -an O -allosteric O -effector O -exerting O -a O -negative O -heterotropic O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -aconitate O -hydratase O -activity O -from O -rat O -kidney O -cortex O -by O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -for O -both O -forms O -of O -the O -enzyme O -in O -Tris O -- O -HCl O -buffer O -was O -in O -the O -range O -7 O -. O -8 O -- O -8 O -. O -6 O -, O -and O -in O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -buffer O -varied O -from O -7 O -. O -2 O -to O -8 O -. O -0 O -, O -depending O -on O -the O -form O -of O -the O -enzyme O -and O -the O -substrate O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -aconitate O -hydratase O -as O -a O -factor O -controlling O -the O -rate O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -kidney O -in O -metabolic O -alkalosis O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -respiration O -by O -the O -decrease O -of O -transmembranal O -succinate O -transport O -or O -by O -accumulation O -of O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -can O -be O -excluded O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Inhibition O -of O -the O -malic O -enzyme O -from O -Acinetobacter O -calcoaceticus O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -NADH O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Against O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -malate I-Chemical -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -inhibits O -the O -enzyme O -in O -a O -noncompetitive O -linear O -fashion O -( O -Ki O -= O -1 O -. O -5 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -against O -NADP O -+ O -, O -competitively O -linearly O -( O -Ki O -= O -5 O -. O -0 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -6 O -, O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -semi O -- O -saturation O -pressure O -for O -the O -deoxyHb O -coupling O -product O -was O -14 O -. O -1 O -, O -and O -for O -the O -HbO2 O -coupling O -product O -, O -7 O -. O -2 O -mm O -Hg O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -reason O -for O -the O -varying O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -properties O -for O -the O -two O -Hb O -derivatives O -it O -is O -assumed O -that O -the O -amino B-Chemical -group O -of O -valin O -alpha O -1 O -is O -involved O -in O -the O -HbO2 O -fixation O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Inhibition O -of O -cardiac O -effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -by O -indometazine O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -did O -not O -find O -any O -dissociation O -into O -subunits O -under O -reducing O -conditions O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -some O -other O -authors O -. O - -aps B-category -Cathepsin O -H O -is O -a O -thiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -enzyme I-Chemical -with O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -28000 O -and O -a O -pI O -of O -7 O -, O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Influence O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -on O -the O -catalytic O -properties O -of O -leucine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutathione O -inhibits O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -substrates O -leucine B-Chemical -hydrazide O -and O -leucine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitroanilide I-Chemical -by O -leucine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -preincubation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -with O -glutathione B-Chemical -changes O -the O -degree O -of O -activity O -enhancement O -by O -metal O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anticonvulsive O -effect O -of O -Lorazepam B-Chemical -- O -- O -one O -of O -the O -newer O -diazepines O -- O -- O -has O -been O -tested O -in O -10 O -patients O -with O -induced O -epileptic O -conditions O -under O -continuous O -polygraphic O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Parenteral O -Lorazepam B-Chemical -inhibits O -pharmacologically O -- O -induced O -electroencephalographic O -abnormalities O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Dissolution O -rate O -of O -cadmium O -from O -dental O -gold B-Chemical -solder O -alloys O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -comparison O -the O -dissolution O -rates O -of O -copper B-Chemical -and O -zinc B-Chemical -were O -also O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Significance O -of O -the O -extracellular O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -buffer O -system O -to O -anaerobic O -glycolysis O -in O -hypoxic O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -tissue O -was O -incubated O -in O -a O -Ringer O -solution O -containing O -25 O -mM O -HCO O -- O -3 O -aerated O -with O -7 O -% O -CO2 O -in O -N2 O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -, O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -tissue O -increased O -. O -- O -- O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -the O -stimulatory O -effect O -of O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -system O -persisted O -when O -the O -buffer O -value O -was O -lowered O -from O -60 O -to O -3 O -mM O -by O -changing O -the O -system O -from O -an O -open O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -lactate B-Chemical -production O -and O -activity O -of O -phosphofructokinase O -of O -homogenates O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -infused O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -NA O -) O -by O -80 O -per O -cent O -or O -more O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -beneficial O -effects O -of O -added O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -to O -contrast B-Chemical -media I-Chemical -to O -diminish O -myocardial O -toxicity O -was O -evaluated O -in O -93 O -cardiac O -catheterizations O -with O -cardioangiography O -, O -performed O -in O -50 O -children O -and O -adolescents O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -addition O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -to O -contrast B-Chemical -media I-Chemical -for O -cardioangiography O -in O -children O -and O -adolescents O -does O -not O -alter O -their O -myocardial O -, O -fluid O -or O -electrolyte O -effects O -when O -injected O -selectively O -into O -the O -cardiac O -chambers O -or O -great O -vessels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -side O -- O -effects O -produced O -by O -meglumine O -diatrizoate B-Chemical -and O -meglumine O -- O -, O -meglumine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -calcium I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -, O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -calcium I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -magnesium I-Chemical -metrizoate B-Chemical -, O -was O -compared O -in O -800 O -urographies O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -biosynthesis O -in O -microorganisms O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -second O -type O -of O -mutation O -showed O -highly O -elevated O -levels O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -pathway O -enzymes O -which O -were O -not O -repressed O -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -B12 O -- O -- O -dependent O -methionine B-Chemical -synthetase O -as O -a O -potential O -target O -for O -cancer O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Blocking O -of O -olive O -oil O -induced O -plasma O -protein O -escape O -from O -the O -intestinal O -circulation O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -antagonists O -and O -by O -a O -diamine O -oxidase O -releasing O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -plasma O -protein O -escape O -from O -intestinal O -circulation O -after O -olive O -oil O -feeding O -was O -measured O -in O -rats O -in O -terms O -of O -the O -amount O -of O -Evans B-Chemical -Blue I-Chemical -labelled O -plasma O -protein O -found O -in O -the O -intestinal O -lymph O -. O - -aps B-category -Heparin B-Chemical -pretreatment O -which O -releases O -the O -histaminolytic O -enzyme O -, O -diamine O -oxidase O -, O -into O -the O -interstitial O -space O -also O -prevented O -the O -increased O -accumulation O -of O -labelled O -plasma O -protein O -in O -the O -lymph O -after O -olive O -oil O -ingestion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sedimentation O -coefficient O -of O -Zaysan O -virion O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -RNA O -) O -, O -estimated O -by O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -, O -was O -42 O -S O -. O -Pancreatic O -ribonuclease O -digested O -the O -viral O -RNA O -to O -acid O -- O -soluble O -fragments O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increase O -in O -interference O -was O -shown O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -cobalt B-Chemical -, O -zinc B-Chemical -, O -copper B-Chemical -, O -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -But O -an O -increase O -in O -interference O -was O -not O -parallel O -with O -an O -increased O -production O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Primary O -rhesus O -monkey O -kidney O -( O -MK O -) O -cell O -cultures O -were O -inoculated O -with O -respiratory O -syncytial O -virus O -and O -treated O -or O -untreated O -with O -actinomycin O -D O -before O -pulse O -labeling O -with O -uridine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3H I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -formalin B-Chemical -treatment O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetone I-Chemical -antigens O -, O -prepared O -from O -different O -tick O -- O -borne O -encephalitis O -( O -TBE O -) O -virus O -strains O -, O -their O -haemagglutination O -( O -HA O -) O -activity O -was O -preserved O -or O -even O -higher O -than O -that O -of O -untreated O -antigens O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amounts O -of O -released O -soluble O -( O -s O -) O -antigen O -of O -influenza O -A O -/ O -WSN O -virus O -were O -increased O -when O -the O -virus O -was O -allowed O -to O -interact O -with O -isolated O -plasma O -membranes O -in O -a O -medium O -containing O -substances O -enhancing O -the O -level O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -cyclic O -monophosphate O -( O -c O -' O -AMP O -) O -or O -activating O -the O -enzyme O -adenylate O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -the O -amount O -of O -released O -s O -- O -antigen O -were O -parallelled O -by O -changes O -in O -the O -activities O -of O -membrane O -Ca B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -triphosphatase O -and O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphokinase O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -induction O -with O -wild O -type O -adenovirus O -5 O -, O -and O -three O -temperature O -- O -sensitive O -mutants O -, O -ts O -1 O -, O -ts O -18 O -and O -ts O -19 O -were O -examined O -in O -chick O -embryo O -cells O -( O -CEC O -) O -at O -permissive O -( O -31 O -degrees O -C O -) O -and O -non O -- O -permissive O -( O -38 O -degrees O -C O -) O -temperatures O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -interferon B-Chemical -production O -in O -CEC O -by O -mutant O -ts O -18 O -was O -only O -affected O -by O -shift O -- O -up O -during O -the O -first O -five O -hours O -of O -incubation O -, O -which O -indicated O -involvement O -of O -an O -early O -gene O -function O -in O -elliciting O -interferon B-Chemical -production O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rates O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -by O -cells O -were O -markedly O -influenced O -by O -the O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -was O -markedly O -increased O -, O -appreciably O -more O -so O -after O -infection O -by O -the O -virulent O -than O -the O -attenuated O -strain O -. O - -aps B-category -Affinity O -chromatography O -of O -mouse O -interferon B-Chemical -: O -a O -modified O -purification O -procedure O -utilizing O -specifically O -purified O -antibodies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -procedure O -consisted O -of O -binding O -interferon B-Chemical -harvested O -from O -serum O -- O -free O -medium O -and O -purified O -by O -Zn O -- O -acetate O -precipitation O -and O -SP O -- O -Sephadex O -chromatography O -to O -CNBr O -- O -activated O -Sepharose O -4B O -( O -Column O -No O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -way O -, O -antibodies O -against O -purified O -interferon B-Chemical -, O -which O -were O -free O -from O -non O -- O -antibody O -components O -, O -were O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -they O -were O -not O -influenced O -by O -volume O -, O -interferon B-Chemical -activity O -, O -or O -purity O -of O -the O -starting O -material O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -resistant O -to O -ether B-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -to O -chloroform B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -toxicity O -of O -double O -- O -stranded O -( O -ds O -) O -f2 O -- O -phage O -RNA O -for O -interferon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -L O -cells O -and O -an O -interferon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -subline O -of O -L O -cells O -( O -CVS O -cells O -) O -was O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degree O -of O -toxicity O -of O -ds O -RNA O -was O -dependent O -on O -the O -concentration O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -to O -which O -the O -cells O -were O -exposed O -. O - -aps B-category -Direct O -measurement O -of O -ionic O -calcium B-Chemical -was O -evaluated O -in O -light O -of O -conflicting O -reports O -concerning O -the O -correlation O -of O -ionic O -calcium B-Chemical -with O -total O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -ionic O -calcium B-Chemical -as O -predicted O -from O -total O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -serum O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Good O -correlation O -( O -r O -= O -. O -77 O -) O -was O -found O -with O -the O -calculated O -ionic O -calcium B-Chemical -value O -derived O -from O -total O -protein O -and O -total O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -using O -the O -McLean O -- O -Hastings O -nomogram O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -view O -of O -these O -correlations O -, O -the O -introduction O -of O -serum O -ionic O -calcium B-Chemical -measurements O -into O -the O -general O -hospital O -laboratory O -repertoire O -is O -of O -questionable O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stability O -- O -time O -profiles O -of O -the O -active O -ingredient O -of O -five O -generically O -equivalent O -brands O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -V O -potassium B-Chemical -for O -oral O -solution O -, O -and O -of O -five O -generically O -equivalent O -brands O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -for O -oral O -suspension O -, O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -one O -penicillin B-Chemical -product O -the O -official O -content O -requirement O -was O -not O -met O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -ampicillin B-Chemical -products O -tested O -were O -stable O -when O -stored O -at O -the O -conditions O -recommended O -by O -the O -manufacturers O -, O -but O -the O -trihydrate O -forms O -exhibited O -greater O -stability O -than O -the O -anhydrous O -forms O -, O -probably O -because O -of O -the O -more O -rapid O -dissolution O -rate O -of O -anhydrous O -ampicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -each O -group O -, O -hyperglycemia O -was O -evident O -for O -8 O -h O -postburn O -and O -terminal O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -usually O -elevated O -or O -similar O -to O -the O -prevalue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -characteristics O -of O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -transport O -in O -isolated O -perfused O -proximal O -tubules O -of O -the O -rabbit O -were O -examined O -using O -radioisotopic O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lumen O -- O -to O -- O -bath O -flux O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -increases O -in O -the O -intraluminal O -phosphate B-Chemical -concentration O -from O -2 O -. O -00 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -19 O -to O -3 O -. O -12 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -34 O -mM O -or O -by O -the O -isohydric O -replacement O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -in O -the O -ambient O -fluids O -with O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -phosphate B-Chemical -absorption O -in O -these O -segments O -occurs O -by O -a O -mechanism O -other O -than O -independent O -diffusion O -and O -is O -saturated O -at O -phosphate B-Chemical -concentrations O -characteristic O -of O -normal O -glomerular O -filtrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -on O -the O -vasoconstriction O -of O -fear O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -seems O -to O -modify O -or O -prevent O -the O -psychomotor O -reactions O -which O -may O -complicate O -ketamine B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifty O -healthy O -mothers O -, O -with O -normal O -placental O -function O -, O -were O -anaesthetised O -with O -ketamine B-Chemical -for O -Caesarean O -section O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -obtained O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -a O -previous O -series O -anaesthetised O -with O -thiopentone B-Chemical -, O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -muscle O -relaxants O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -Uv O -and O -Ua O -pH O -levels O -were O -also O -significantly O -higher O -after O -ketamine B-Chemical -; O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -average O -fetal O -base O -excess O -values O -did O -not O -differ O -from O -those O -obtained O -previously O -with O -thiopentone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -( O -Uv O -- O -Ua O -) O -PO2 O -gradient O -was O -3 O -. O -4 O -mmHg O -less O -after O -ketamine B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -view O -of O -our O -own O -experience O -and O -that O -of O -other O -workers O -, O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -ketamine B-Chemical -induction O -for O -Caesarean O -section O -should O -be O -re O -- O -evaluated O -using O -a O -lower O -dose O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -second O -and O -third O -groups O -magnesium B-Chemical -trisilicate O -mixture O -was O -given O -within O -thirty O -minutes O -prior O -to O -induction O -of O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Automated O -nephelometric O -determination O -of O -polyvinyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyrrolidone I-Chemical -in O -salazopyrin O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -anesthetics O -containing O -tertiary O -amine B-Chemical -groups O -, O -the O -cationic O -, O -protonated O -form O -appears O -to O -be O -more O -active O -than O -the O -neutral O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -single O -myelinated O -nerves O -and O -squid O -axons O -show O -no O -direct O -interaction O -between O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -and O -local O -anesthetics O -, O -thus O -disproving O -theories O -based O -on O -competition O -between O -these O -two O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -from O -voltage O -- O -clamp O -studies O -of O -single O -nerve O -fibers O -indicates O -that O -anesthetic O -molecules O -interact O -with O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -channels O -directly O -, O -from O -the O -inner O -side O -of O -the O -nerve O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -" O -gating O -" O -properties O -that O -regulate O -the O -opening O -and O -closing O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -channels O -are O -reversibly O -modified O -during O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -selective O -binding O -of O -anesthetics O -to O -open O -sodium B-Chemical -channels O -provides O -a O -simple O -explanation O -for O -Wedenski O -inhibition O -, O -in O -which O -the O -block O -increases O -with O -the O -frequency O -of O -nerve O -impulses O -. O - -aps B-category -Charged O -anesthetic O -molecules O -may O -bind O -in O -the O -pore O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -channel O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -amine B-Chemical -anesthetics O -is O -weakly O -stereospecific O -and O -, O -surprisingly O -, O -shows O -no O -absolute O -requirement O -for O -the O -terminal O -alkyl O -ammonium B-Chemical -moiety O -present O -in O -most O -local O -anesthetics O -. O -. O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -of O -onset O -and O -duration O -of O -the O -anti O -- O -recall O -action O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -were O -assessed O -under O -clinical O -conditions O -by O -measuring O -recall O -and O -recognition O -of O -visual O -stimuli O -24 O -hours O -after O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -2 O -mg O -, O -produced O -a O -short O -anti O -- O -recall O -effect O -( O -anterograde O -amnesia O -) O -in O -50 O -per O -cent O -of O -the O -cases O -, O -with O -a O -latency O -of O -30 O -minutes O -and O -a O -duration O -of O -less O -than O -half O -an O -hour O -. O - -aps B-category -Sedation O -was O -satisfactory O -and O -long O -- O -lasting O -following O -both O -doses O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -but O -was O -not O -related O -to O -the O -anti O -- O -recall O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -four O -- O -hour O -survival O -rates O -were O -: O -halothane B-Chemical -, O -50 O -. O -0 O -per O -cent O -; O -fluroxene O -, O -56 O -. O -3 O -per O -cent O -; O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -, O -59 O -. O -4 O -per O -cent O -; O -ketamine B-Chemical -, O -84 O -. O -4 O -per O -cent O -. O - -aps B-category -Survival O -rates O -were O -significantly O -higher O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -in O -animals O -anesthetized O -with O -ketamine B-Chemical -compared O -with O -survival O -rates O -associated O -with O -the O -other O -anesthetics O -. O - -aps B-category -Visual O -tracking O -following O -lorazepam B-Chemical -or O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -this O -edema O -is O -explained O -, O -in O -near O -drowning O -in O -salt B-Chemical -water O -, O -by O -the O -hyperosmolarity O -of O -the O -alveolar O -fluid O -leading O -to O -a O -seeping O -of O -plasma O -from O -the O -capillaries O -in O -the O -alveoli O -. O - -aps B-category -Qs O -/ O -Qt O -is O -usually O -determined O -by O -the O -" O -oxygen B-Chemical -" O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Pulmonary O -edemas O -were O -induced O -by O -saline O -and O -dextrose B-Chemical -overloads O -with O -large O -but O -opposite O -variations O -in O -impedance O -. O - -aps B-category -Cortico B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -steroids I-Chemical -have O -been O -recommended O -without O -serious O -physiopathological O -justification O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -have O -enabled O -one O -, O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -appropriate O -anti O -- O -coagulant O -treatment O -, O -to O -overcome O -the O -rejection O -crises O -- O -without O -any O -other O -therapy O -than O -the O -basic O -classical O -treatment O -- O -( O -Immuran O -+ O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -" O -surface O -- O -tensio O -- O -active O -" O -effect O -of O -this O -film O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -giving O -of O -the O -name O -of O -" O -surfactant O -" O -to O -these O -constituents O -as O -a O -whole O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -present O -two O -cases O -of O -unsuccessful O -hanging O -which O -hat O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -very O -severe O -neurological O -picture O -and O -especially O -the O -very O -rapid O -appearance O -of O -acute O -pulmonary O -edema O -resulting O -in O -a O -vertiable O -flooding O -of O -the O -alveoli O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -- O -The O -opportunity O -for O -the O -very O -early O -treatment O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -deficit O -contracted O -by O -the O -brain O -and O -myocardium O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -intoxication O -by O -ingestion O -can O -lead B-Chemical -to O -pulmonary O -edema O -by O -relative O -or O -absolute O -volemic O -overload O -, O -by O -allergic O -accidents O -or O -by O -immaturity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -degradation O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Pulmonary O -edemas O -due O -to O -acute O -heroin B-Chemical -poisoning O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -treatment O -is O -essentially O -a O -combination O -of O -Nalorphine O -with O -oxygen B-Chemical -therapy O -( O -by O -mask O -, O -or O -if O -necessary O -by O -assisted O -, O -controlled O -ventilation O -) O -with O -prevention O -of O -inhalation O -of O -gastric O -fluid O -( O -gastric O -emptying O -) O -or O -curative O -treatment O -of O -possible O -aspiration O -by O -antibiotics O -, O -and O -cortico B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -steroids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -1975 O -, O -France O -will O -have O -manufactured O -3 O -. O -2 O -million O -tons O -of O -plastic O -materials O -which O -by O -pyrolysis O -, O -liberate O -chlorine O -, O -methyl O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -hydrocyanic O -acid O -, O -hydrofluoric O -acid O -and O -other O -toxic O -gases O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -insulin O -, O -catecholamine B-Chemical -, O -glucagon O -, O -growth O -hormone O -, O -androgen B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -the O -decrease O -in O -carbohydrate O -tolerance O -reported O -is O -discussed O -; O -for O -comparative O -purposes O -, O -the O -authors O -present O -the O -study O -of O -carbohydrate O -assimilation O -in O -irreversible O -coma O -and O -in O -patients O -with O -advanced O -neuroplegia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lymphoid O -cells O -have O -cytoplasmic O -and O -nuclear O -receptors O -for O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -, O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -have O -little O -effect O -on O -the O -production O -of O -antibodies O -( O -primary O -of O -secondary O -response O -) O -do O -not O -modify O -the O -" O -immunological O -memory O -" O -by O -through O -an O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -effect O -, O -abolish O -the O -peripheral O -manifestations O -of O -late O -hypersentsitivity O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Methyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -prednisolone I-Chemical -sulfobenzoate O -only O -leads O -to O -slightly O -marked O -hemodynamic O -effects O -: O -the O -four O -other O -compounds O -studied O -have O -definite O -hemodynamic O -effects O -, O -of O -variable O -intensity O -and O -duration O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -recalling O -the O -major O -role O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -the O -genesis O -of O -irreversible O -shock O -, O -the O -anti O -- O -shock O -action O -of O -glucocorticosteroids O -, O -owing O -to O -properties O -which O -are O -" O -alpha O -- O -blocking O -" O -, O -is O -discussed O -in O -this O -work O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -then O -, O -following O -new O -experimental O -facts O -, O -whereas O -numerous O -contradictions O -have O -appeared O -in O -the O -clinical O -and O -experimental O -realms O -, O -the O -possible O -mechanisms O -of O -action O -of O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -in O -shock O -are O -looked O -at O -, O -by O -emphasizing O -the O -relationships O -between O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -and O -SHWARTZMAN O -' O -s O -phenomenon O -, O -in O -particular O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -contra O -- O -indications O -which O -persist O -in O -the O -results O -of O -clinical O -works O -have O -resulted O -in O -the O -fact O -that O -the O -exact O -place O -of O -cortico B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -steroids I-Chemical -in O -the O -therapeutic O -arsenal O -of O -septic O -shock O -still O -remains O -to O -be O -specified O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -they O -presented O -the O -values O -of O -iatrogenic O -cortisonemias O -as O -a O -function O -of O -increasing O -doses O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -and O -discussed O -the O -possible O -mechanisms O -for O -the O -disapperance O -of O -injected O -cortisone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -describe O -a O -method O -of O -simultaneous O -estimation O -of O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -, O -mephenytoin O -and O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -in O -the O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Determination O -of O -isoniazid B-Chemical -in O -blood O -plasma O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -prolonged O -- O -action O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -on O -rehospitalization O -of O -psychotic O -patients O -in O -a O -regional O -practice O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulpiride B-Chemical -has O -been O -used O -in O -gastroduodenal O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -total O -number O -of O -these O -bacteria O -varied O -in O -agreement O -with O -the O -total O -nitrogen B-Chemical -content O -( O -organic O -matter O -) O -of O -the O -samples O -; O -the O -organic O -matter O -content O -is O -, O -therefore O -, O -of O -primary O -importance O -for O -the O -occurrence O -of O -the O -red O -and O -green O -sulfur O -bacteria O -in O -the O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nitrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -detector O -for O -gas O -chromatography O -consists O -of O -a O -non O -- O -volatile O -rubidium O -silicate O -bead O -, O -around O -which O -nitrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -compounds O -are O -pyrolyzed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -detector O -has O -been O -utilized O -to O -effect O -a O -simple O -and O -rapid O -quantitation O -of O -allobarbital O -, O -amobarbital O -, O -butabarbital O -, O -heptabarbital O -, O -pentabarbital O -, O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -and O -secobarbital O -, O -plus O -the O -anticonvulsants O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -and O -primidone O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -acid O -and O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -fresh O -- O -pack O -pickles O -on O -the O -growth O -of O -Clostridium O -botulinum O -spores O -. O - -aps B-category -Inoculation O -experiments O -with O -whole O -cucumbers O -showed O -that O -as O -little O -as O -0 O -. O -9 O -% O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -brine O -was O -sufficient O -to O -prevent O -outgrowth O -from O -spore O -inocula O -as O -high O -as O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -/ O -cucumber O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -enzyme O -( O -enzyme O -1 O -) O -was O -isolated O -with O -an O -86 O -- O -fold O -purification O -by O -using O -the O -following O -seven O -steps O -: O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -, O -gel O -filtration O -through O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -150 O -, O -heat O -treatment O -, O -chromatography O -on O -diethylaminoethyl O -- O -cellulose O -, O -rechromatography O -on O -diethylaminoethyl O -- O -Sephadex O -, O -gel O -filtration O -through O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -, O -and O -affinity O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -properties O -and O -the O -ability O -to O -hydrolyze O -the O -esters O -of O -phenylalanine O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -without O -endopeptidasic O -activity O -and O -no O -marked O -proteolytic O -activity O -suggest O -that O -the O -enzyme O -is O -an O -esterase O -. O - -aps B-category -Marked O -stimulation O -of O -activity O -was O -obtained O -in O -such O -preparations O -with O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -to O -a O -much O -lesser O -degree O -with O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymatic O -hydrolysis O -of O -organophosphate B-Chemical -insecticides O -, O -a O -possible O -pesticide O -disposal O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -rate O -of O -enzymatic O -hydrolysis O -, O -when O -compared O -with O -chemical O -hydrolysis O -by O -0 O -. O -1 O -N O -sodium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -at O -40 O -C O -, O -was O -2 O -, O -450 O -times O -faster O -. O - -aps B-category -Parathion O -metabolites O -p O -- O -nitrophenol O -, O -hydroquinone B-Chemical -, O -and O -diethylthiophosphoric O -acid O -, O -at O -up O -to O -100 O -- O -mg O -/ O -liter O -concentrations O -, O -did O -not O -significantly O -influence O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -H2O2 B-Chemical -effectively O -eliminated O -this O -anomalous O -dip O -in O -these O -curves O -, O -whereas O -lysozyme O -amplified O -it O -greatly O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -sensitive O -, O -precise O -, O -and O -convenient O -method O -for O -determination O -of O -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -25 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxyvitamin I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -in O -human O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -ATP O -and O -beta O -- O -gamma O -- O -iminoadenosinetriphosphate O -in O -the O -stimulation O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -protein O -release O -from O -isolated O -adrenal O -secretory O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -important O -finding O -was O -the O -definite O -increase O -in O -the O -potassium B-Chemical -level O -of O -the O -coronary O -venous O -blood O -in O -proportion O -to O -the O -degree O -of O -ischaemia O -; O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -level O -showed O -little O -change O -, O -and O -if O -anything O -tended O -to O -fall O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -the O -VF O -continues O -, O -there O -is O -a O -progressive O -increase O -in O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -a O -fall O -in O -pH O -, O -which O -is O -maximal O -at O -the O -onset O -of O -the O -VF O -. O - -aps B-category -Prior O -to O -the O -lavage O -, O -Pao2 O -during O -mechanical O -ventilation O -with O -100 O -% O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -positive O -end O -- O -expiratory O -pressure O -was O -only O -125 O -mm O -Hg O -. O - -aps B-category -Daily O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -acid O -maltase O -( O -12 O -. O -78 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -10 O -units O -/ O -24 O -hr O -/ O -mg O -of O -creatinine B-Chemical -, O -in O -11 O -normal O -adults O -) O -was O -significantly O -decreased O -in O -ten O -patients O -with O -late O -- O -onset O -acid O -maltase O -deficiency O -( O -1 O -. O -33 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -16 O -units O -/ O -24 O -hr O -; O -P O -less O -than O -. O -001 O -) O -and O -11 O -heterozygotes O -( O -3 O -. O -27 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -62 O -units O -/ O -24 O -hr O -; O -P O -less O -than O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspects O -of O -the O -use O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -for O -the O -non O -- O -psychiatrist O -. O - -aps B-category -Contra O -- O -indications O -to O -the O -use O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -are O -discussed O -, O -and O -the O -management O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -intoxication O -is O -outlined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -on O -alkaline O -solutions O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -nucleotide B-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -from O -a O -particulate O -fraction O -of O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -respect O -to O -the O -role O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -there O -are O -two O -opinions O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -alanine B-Chemical -accumulation O -is O -continuous O -and O -is O -essential O -for O -the O -generation O -of O -the O -mitochondrial O -NADH O -required O -in O -the O -reduction O -of O -fumarate O -and O -( O -2 O -) O -succinate O -and O -alanine B-Chemical -( O -initial O -end O -products O -) O -accumulate O -in O -different O -compartments O -and O -their O -accumulation O -occurs O -independently O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -simultaneous O -mobilization O -of O -carbohydrates O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -is O -not O -supported O -by O -the O -experimental O -data O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethacrynic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -an I-Chemical -inhibitor O -of O -L O -- O -asparagine O -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -chronically O -administered O -morphine B-Chemical -on O -rat O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -Critical O -role O -of O -lipid O -peroxidation O -in O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -loss O -of O -aminopyrine O -demethylase O -, O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -6 O -- O -phosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -160 O -1 O -- O -2 O -day O -old O -chickens O -were O -fed O -a O -2 O -% O -cholesterol B-Chemical -diet O -for O -a O -period O -of O -8 O -to O -42 O -days O -and O -compared O -with O -an O -equal O -number O -of O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholesterol B-Chemical -feeding O -for O -a O -period O -up O -to O -6 O -weeks O -resulted O -in O -doubling O -the O -level O -of O -serum O -cholesterol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -cholesterol B-Chemical -as O -an O -atherogenic O -agent O -induces O -marked O -changes O -in O -endothelial O -cells O -and O -lipids O -of O -chicken O -aorta O -at O -earlier O -periods O -, O -prior O -to O -the O -activation O -of O -connective O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -evaluation O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -in O -healthy O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -When O -gastric O -secretion O -was O -maximally O -stimulated O -by O -either O -histamine B-Chemical -or O -pentagastrin O -, O -the O -simultaneous O -administration O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -produced O -marked O -inhibition O -of O -both O -acid O -and O -pepsin O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -Cimetidine B-Chemical -was O -rapidly O -excreted O -via O -the O -kidneys O -and O -about O -70 O -% O -of O -the O -excreted O -material O -was O -unchanged O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -intramuscular O -pethidine B-Chemical -or O -diamorphine B-Chemical -on O -gastric O -emptying O -and O -the O -absorption O -of O -orally O -administered O -paracetamol B-Chemical -was O -assessed O -in O -eight O -normal O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -It O -seems O -inevitable O -that O -pethidine B-Chemical -and O -diamorphine B-Chemical -will O -retard O -the O -absorption O -of O -other O -orally O -administered O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -identical O -studies O -, O -one O -comparing O -the O -effect O -of O -single O -doses O -of O -a O -new O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocker O -, O -atenolol B-Chemical -( O -Tenormin O -) O -( O -50 O -mg O -and O -100 O -mg O -) O -and O -placebo O -, O -and O -the O -other O -comparing O -the O -effect O -of O -single O -doses O -of O -methyldopa B-Chemical -( O -250 O -mg O -and O -500 O -mg O -) O -and O -placebo O -, O -in O -healthy O -volunteers O -, O -were O -carried O -out O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -Atenolol O -produced O -statistically O -significant O -reductions O -in O -systolic O -and O -diastolic O -blood O -pressure O -and O -in O -pulse O -rate O -while O -methyldopa B-Chemical -was O -without O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -N O -- O -desmethyldiazepam O -( O -nordiazepam O -) O -and O -a O -precursor O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -clorazepate O -, O -on O -sleep O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Residual O -effects O -and O -skills O -related O -to O -driving O -after O -a O -single O -oral O -administration O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -medazepam O -or O -lorazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -late O -effects O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -were O -tested O -in O -seven O -other O -subjects O -12 O -and O -24 O -h O -after O -the O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lorazepam B-Chemical -impairment O -of O -reactive O -skills O -and O -flicker O -fusion O -discrimination O -remained O -statistically O -significant O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -for O -as O -long O -as O -12 O -h O -. O -Medazepam O -impaired O -only O -reactive O -skills O -and O -flicker O -fusion O -, O -the O -latter O -remaining O -impaired O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -for O -as O -long O -a O -5 O -h O -after O -the O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -impaired O -perceptual O -speed O -and O -reactive O -and O -co O -- O -ordinative O -skills O -as O -well O -as O -flicker O -fusion O -discrimination O -and O -visual O -parameters O -related O -to O -driving O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -) O -or O -medazepam O -( O -15 O -mg O -) O -patients O -should O -refrain O -from O -driving O -or O -participating O -inskilled O -performances O -for O -only O -5 O -to O -7 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoprenaline O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -plotting O -increases O -in O -heart O -rate O -before O -and O -after O -labetalol B-Chemical -are O -suggestive O -of O -competitive O -antagonism O -at O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ratio O -of O -alpha O -: O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonism O -induced O -by O -labetalol B-Chemical -is O -approximately O -1 O -: O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -the O -pupilloconstrictor O -effect O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -solution O -administered O -to O -the O -conjunctival O -sac O -as O -a O -single O -drop O -or O -as O -a O -continuous O -infusion O -in O -normal O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -pupilloconstriction O -as O -a O -measure O -of O -response O -it O -was O -shown O -that O -infusion O -with O -a O -0 O -- O -01 O -per O -cent O -solution O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -was O -as O -effective O -as O -a O -single O -drop O -of O -0 O -- O -5 O -per O -cent O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -infusion O -method O -is O -simple O -to O -use O -, O -comfortable O -for O -long O -periods O -, O -has O -potential O -for O -reducing O -the O -need O -for O -frequent O -drop O -administration O -and O -for O -reducing O -the O -total O -amount O -of O -drug O -administered O -, O -and O -could O -be O -used O -for O -drugs O -other O -than O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -ribonuclease O -T1 O -with O -guanosine B-Chemical -( O -Guo O -) O -and O -deoxyguanosine O -( O -dGuo O -) O -was O -studied O -in O -experiments O -employing O -ultraviolet O -difference O -spectroscopy O -in O -the O -pH O -range O -3 O -- O -9 O -at O -0 O -. O -2 O -M O -ionic O -strength O -and O -25 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Similar O -experiments O -were O -also O -conducted O -with O -psi B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboxymethyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -58 I-Chemical -ribonuclease O -T1 O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -discrete O -interaction O -of O -the O -Guo O -2 O -' O -- B-Chemical -hydroxyl I-Chemical -group O -with O -ribonuclease O -T1 O -involves O -the O -lambda O -- O -carboxylate O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -58 I-Chemical -and O -an O -imidazolium O -group O -at O -the O -active O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Bovine O -brain O -purine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nucleoside I-Chemical -phosphorylase O -( O -purine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nucleoside I-Chemical -: O -orthophosphate O -ribosyltransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -4 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -) O -was O -purified O -to O -homogeneity O -at O -a O -specific O -activity O -of O -78 O -mumol O -min O -- O -1 O -mg O -of O -protein O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemical O -and O -kinetic O -studies O -strongly O -implicated O -histidine O -and O -cysteine B-Chemical -as O -catalytic O -groups O -at O -the O -active O -site O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Michaelis O -constants O -determined O -for O -substrates O -of O -the O -enzyme O -were O -4 O -. O -35 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -for O -guanosine B-Chemical -, O -3 O -. O -00 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -for O -guanine O -, O -and O -2 O -. O -15 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -M O -for O -inorganic O -orthophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -contains O -1 O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -and O -3 O -disulfide O -bonds O -per O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymatic O -activity O -of O -mung O -bean O -nuclease O -can O -be O -stabilized O -at O -pH O -5 O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -zinc B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -, O -1 O -. O -0 O -mM O -cysteine B-Chemical -, O -and O -0 O -. O -001 O -% O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -for O -both O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -denatured O -DNA O -and O -the O -terminally O -directed O -hydrolysis O -of O -native O -DNA O -becomes O -more O -acidic O -with O -increasing O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Steady O -state O -kinetic O -analysis O -of O -the O -mechanism O -of O -guanosine B-Chemical -triphosphate O -hydrolysis O -catalyzed O -by O -Escherichia O -coli O -elongation O -factor O -G O -and O -the O -ribosome O -. O - -aps B-category -Dissociation O -constants O -for O -GTP O -and O -guanosine B-Chemical -diphosphate O -( O -GDP O -) O -, O -as O -well O -as O -limiting O -Michaelis O -constants O -for O -GTP O -and O -ribosomes O -, O -were O -calculated O -from O -the O -double O -- O -reciprocal O -plots O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitration O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -has O -been O -investigated O -as O -a O -means O -for O -chemically O -introducing O -lanthanide O -chelating O -sites O -at O -known O -positions O -in O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Correlation O -times O -for O -the O -interactions O -with O -Gd O -( O -III O -) O -bound O -to O -specific O -nitrotyrosines O -are O -estimated O -from O -the O -induced O -line O -broadening O -of O -resonances O -of O -the O -nitrotyrosine B-Chemical -ring O -protons O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -reported O -elsewhere O -suggest O -that O -the O -driving O -force O -for O -the O -transport O -of O -some O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -consists O -mainly O -of O -the O -electrical O -potential O -, O -while O -for O -others O -it O -comprises O -the O -Na O -+ O -gradient O -as O -well O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -elution O -above O -the O -alkaline O -transition O -pH O -were O -found O -to O -occur O -in O -two O -phases O -: O -an O -initial O -phase O -in O -which O -single O -- O -strand O -length O -is O -rate O -limiting O -, O -followed O -by O -a O -phase O -in O -which O -elution O -is O -accelerated O -due O -to O -the O -accumulation O -of O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -strand O -breaks O -. O - -aps B-category -Sedimentation O -equilibrium O -results O -, O -obtained O -with O -bovine O -zinc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -insulin O -( O -with O -and O -without O -a O -component O -of O -proinsulin O -) O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -, O -I O -o O -. O -2 O -, O -25 O -degrees O -C O -, O -and O -up O -to O -a O -total O -concentration O -of O -0 O -. O -8 O -g O -/ O -l O -. O -, O -are O -shown O -to O -be O -consistent O -with O -three O -different O -polymerization O -patterns O -, O -all O -involving O -an O -isodesmic O -indefinite O -self O -- O -association O -of O -specified O -oligomeric O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Double O -- O -ternary O -complex O -affinity O -chromatography O -: O -preparation O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -. O - -aps B-category -Sepharose O -4B O -is O -activated O -with O -300 O -mg O -of O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -/ O -ml O -of O -packed O -gel O -and O -coupled O -to O -4 O -- O -[ O -3 O -- O -( O -N O -- O -6 O -- O -aminocaproyl O -) O -aminopropyl O -] O -pyrazole O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -propanol O -, O -or O -butanol O -, O -500 O -mM O -, O -results O -in O -the O -formation O -of O -a O -second O -ternary O -complex O -, O -which O -allows O -the O -elution O -of O -bound O -enzyme O -in O -high O -yield O -and O -purity O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -liver O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -: O -purification O -, O -composition O -, O -and O -catalytic O -features O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -disc O -gel O -electrophoresis O -reveals O -a O -single O -species O -of O -molecular O -weight O -42 O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -o O -- O -phenanthroline O -, O -( O -ethylenedinitrilo O -) O -tetraacetic O -acid O -, O -and O -alpha O -, O -alpha O -' O -- O -bipyridine O -demonstrates O -that O -zinc B-Chemical -is O -essential O -to O -enzymatic O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulatory O -properties O -of O -the O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -transhydrogenase O -from O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -basic O -reaction O -of O -the O -enzyme O -is O -the O -oxidation O -of O -reduced O -triphosphopyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -( O -TPNH O -) O -by O -diphosphopyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -( O -DPN O -+ O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -a O -slight O -extent O -, O -the O -T O -state O -is O -also O -favored O -by O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Regulatory O -properties O -of O -the O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -transhydrogenase O -from O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -. O - -aps B-category -show O -that O -the O -enzymatic O -reaction O -is O -catalyzed O -by O -a O -molecular O -species O -characterized O -by O -an O -S20 O -, O -W O -value O -of O -about O -34 O -S O -, O -whatever O -the O -reduced O -substrate O -may O -be O -( O -tri O -- O -or O -diphosphopyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Coenzyme O -binding O -by O -triphosphopyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -dependent O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -from O -beef O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -ternary O -complex O -was O -formed O -between O -enzyme O -, O -isocitrate O -, O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -in O -which O -NADPH B-Chemical -dissociation O -constant O -was O -5 O -muM O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -NADPH B-Chemical -was O -present O -with O -the O -enzyme O -in O -the O -proportion O -of O -1 O -molecule O -/ O -dimer O -, O -the O -dissociation O -constant O -of O -NADP O -was O -decreased O -fourfold O -, O -reaching O -a O -value O -quantitatively O -comparable O -to O -the O -Michaelis O -constant O -. O - -aps B-category -Dissociation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -took O -place O -upon O -NADP O -binding O -; O -however O -, O -equilibrium O -as O -well O -as O -kinetic O -data O -were O -incompatible O -with O -a O -simple O -competition O -scheme O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -catalyzing O -biological O -halogenation O -reactions O -, O -chloroperoxidase O -is O -unusual O -in O -that O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -complex O -of O -ferrous O -chloroperoxidase O -shows O -the O -typical O -long O -wavelength O -Soret O -absorption O -associated O -with O -P O -- O -450 O -hemoproteins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxidation O -- O -reduction O -potentials O -of O -the O -halide O -complexes O -of O -chloroperoxidase O -( O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -and O -iodide O -) O -are O -essentially O -identical O -with O -the O -potential O -measurements O -on O -the O -native O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -investigate O -this O -relationship O -and O -the O -role O -of O -nutrition O -in O -lung O -phospholipid O -synthesis O -, O -21 O -- O -day O -- O -old O -rats O -were O -exposed O -for O -60 O -h O -to O -one O -of O -five O -dietary O -regimens O -: O -standard O -rat O -chow O -( O -controls O -) O -, O -fasting O -, O -pure O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -pure O -fat O -, O -or O -pure O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -( O -EC O -6 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -and O -microsomal O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -elongation O -were O -decreased O -in O -all O -the O -experimental O -groups O -except O -for O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fed I-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -: O -NAD O -+ O -oxidoreductase O -( O -deaminating O -) O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -) O -synthesis O -in O -a O -thermophilic O -bacillus O -was O -found O -to O -be O -subjected O -to O -regulatory O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -dependent O -on O -the O -presence O -of O -inducer O -during O -growth O -and O -was O -arrested O -by O -addition O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -Km O -values O -of O -the O -substrates O -involved O -in O -alanine B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -are O -as O -follows O -( O -M O -) O -: O -NH4 O -+ O -, O -4 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -; O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -5 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -; O -NADH O -, O -6 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -; O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -, O -3 O -. O -1 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -and O -NAD O -, O -2 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Tyrosine O -hydroxylase O -( O -EC1 O -. O -14 O -. O -16 O -. O -2 O -) O -, O -presumably O -the O -rate O -- O -limiting O -enzyme O -in O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -is O -known O -to O -catalyze O -the O -hydroxylation O -of O -both O -phenylalanine O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -tetrahydrobiopterin O -the O -isolated O -enzyme O -catalyzes O -the O -hydroxylation O -of O -phenylalanine O -to O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydroxyphenylalanine O -with O -the O -release O -of O -free O -tyrosine B-Chemical -as O -an O -obligatory O -intermediate O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -at O -the O -active O -site O -of O -catechol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -O I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltransferase I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reactions O -of O -Rhus O -vernicifera O -( O -monophenol O -, O -dihydroxyphenylalanine O -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -14 O -. O -18 O -. O -1 O -) O -with O -the O -reducing O -substrates O -hydroquinone B-Chemical -and O -ascorbic O -acid O -have O -been O -investigated O -with O -the O -stopped O -- O -flow O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proteinase O -was O -active O -against O -several O -protein O -substrates O -as O -well O -as O -towards O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -t I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -butyloxycarbonyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -ester O -, O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -ethyl O -ester O -. O - -aps B-category -Proteinases O -I O -- O -III O -exhibited O -molecular O -weight O -values O -of O -75 O -000 O -, O -72 O -000 O -and O -67 O -000 O -by O -exclusion O -chromatography O -and O -71 O -000 O -and O -66 O -000 O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -- O -poly O -- O -acrylamide O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -for O -enzyme O -I O -and O -II O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Urease O -( O -urea B-Chemical -amidohydrolase O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -5 O -. O -1 O -. O -5 O -) O -was O -immobilized O -in O -spiropyran O -collagen O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -influencing O -the O -variable O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -environment O -also O -influence O -flavin O -reactivity O -, O -indicating O -the O -existence O -of O -a O -mechanism O -for O -heme O -- O -flavin O -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -main O -chain O -conformation O -of O -the O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -denatured I-Chemical -monellin O -( O -pH O -10 O -. O -9 O -) O -was O -restored O -upon O -acidification O -( O -pH O -3 O -. O -3 O -) O -of O -the O -alkaline O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -Reconstruction O -into O -a O -modified O -conformation O -of O -higher O -helix O -content O -was O -achieved O -also O -with O -50 O -% O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hybridization O -of O -subunits O -from O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -, O -lutropin O -and O -human O -choriogonadotropin O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -association O -- O -dependent O -active O -folding O -involved O -the O -burying O -of O -three O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -tentatively O -assigned O -to O -Tyr O -alpha O -41 O -, O -Tyr O -beta O -37 O -and O -Tyr O -beta O -59 O -and O -common O -to O -all O -studied O -glycoprotein O -hormones O -. O - -aps B-category -Rates O -and O -yields O -of O -hybrid O -formation O -measured O -by O -sedimentation O -analysis O -and O -difference O -spectroscopy O -of O -tyrosines O -are O -identical O -, O -within O -experimental O -error O -, O -with O -the O -rates O -and O -yields O -measured O -by O -the O -recovery O -of O -the O -biological O -activity O -either O -the O -stimulation O -of O -chick O -thyroids O -for O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -hybrids O -or O -binding O -to O -porcine O -testis O -receptors O -for O -gonadotropin O -- O -beta O -hybrids O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extension O -to O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -and O -various O -hybrids O -of O -the O -structural O -features O -of O -the O -in O -vitro O -assembly O -already O -recognized O -for O -gonadotropins O -strengthens O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -one O -deals O -with O -a O -basic O -activation O -process O -which O -also O -occurs O -in O -vivo O -after O -the O -synthesis O -of O -the O -subunits O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -iso O -- O -cytochromes O -c O -from O -baker O -' O -s O -yeast O -: O -iso O -- O -1 O -methylated O -and O -unmethylated O -forms O -and O -iso O -- O -2 O -have O -been O -purified O -and O -their O -stabilities O -towards O -denaturants O -compared O -to O -that O -of O -horse O -heart O -cytochrome O -c O -. O -Thermal O -, O -acid O -and O -guanidinium O -hydrochloride O -denaturations O -were O -followed O -using O -fluorescence O -emission O -of O -their O -tryptophan B-Chemical -59 O -and O -/ O -or O -the O -absorbance O -in O -the O -Soret O -region O -as O -the O -physical O -parameters O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -not O -lowered O -by O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -or O -p O -- O -hydroxymercuribenzoate O -; O -urea B-Chemical -slightly O -stimulated O -the O -reaction O -and O -this O -stimulation O -was O -reversed O -by O -subsequent O -treatment O -with O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -. O - -aps B-category -Incorporation O -levels O -up O -to O -2000 O -pmol O -leucine B-Chemical -per O -50 O -mul O -assay O -are O -routinely O -obtained O -at O -saturating O -TMV O -( O -Tobacco O -mosaic O -virus O -) O -RNA O -concentrations O -; O -at O -limiting O -messenger O -RNA O -concentrations O -the O -incorporation O -exceeds O -1000 O -leucine B-Chemical -molecules O -per O -TMV O -RNA O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -Raman O -spectra O -of O -aqueous O -solutions O -of O -uridine B-Chemical -and O -cytidine O -have O -been O -recorded O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -with O -the O -band O -intensities O -and O -vibrational O -frequencies O -monitored O -to O -determine O -bands O -which O -may O -be O -considered O -as O -diagnostic O -of O -the O -concentration O -of O -the O -various O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -band O -intensity O -measurements O -indicate O -only O -a O -selected O -number O -of O -bands O -can O -be O -considered O -as O -diagnostic O -of O -the O -base O -or O -the O -secondary O -phosphate B-Chemical -proton O -dissociation O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -concentration O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -which O -would O -delay O -acidification O -of O -the O -bulk O -of O -the O -inner O -aqueous O -phase O -for O -at O -least O -350 O -ms O -has O -no O -effect O -at O -all O -on O -the O -time O -of O -initiation O -of O -phosphorylation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -former O -is O -attributed O -to O -cholesterol B-Chemical -side O -chain O -cleavage O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -, O -the O -latter O -to O -11beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -increased O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -g O -= O -8 O -. O -08 O -signal O -, O -and O -caused O -a O -slight O -reduction O -in O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -low O -spin O -signal O -. O - -aps B-category -Secretion O -of O -lecithin O -: O -cholesterol B-Chemical -acyltransferase O -from O -isolated O -rat O -hepatocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Concomitantly O -with O -the O -secretion O -of O -lecithin O -: O -cholesterol B-Chemical -acyltransferase O -there O -is O -a O -secretion O -of O -unesterified O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -triacylglycerol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -modulation O -by O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -metabolites O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -and O -metabolites O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -have O -very O -different O -effects O -of O -each O -of O -these O -enzyme O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -potent O -inhibitor O -of O -the O -steroids B-Chemical -investigated O -was O -5alpha O -- O -androstane O -- O -3alpha O -, O -17beta O -- O -diol O -, O -followed O -by O -17beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -approximately O -equal O -to O -dihydrotestosterone O -greater O -than O -testosterone B-Chemical -greater O -than O -estrone O -greater O -than O -estriol O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -it O -was O -demonstrated O -that O -among O -the O -above O -steroids B-Chemical -, O -only O -dihydrotestosterone O -inhibits O -the O -17 O -- O -ketosteroid O -reductase O -activity O -of O -seminiferous O -tubules O -and O -this O -inhibition O -was O -only O -observed O -at O -very O -high O -concentrations O -of O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -remainder O -of O -the O -steroids B-Chemical -tested O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -17 O -- O -ketosteroid O -reductase O -activity O -of O -seminiferous O -tubules O -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -, O -several O -5alpha O -- O -reduced O -testosterone B-Chemical -metabolites O -, O -and O -estrogens B-Chemical -inhibited O -interstitial O -tissue O -enzyme O -activity O -, O -with O -5alpha O -- O -androstane O -- O -3alpha O -, O -17beta O -- O -diol O -being O -the O -most O -potent O -inhibitor O -, O -followed O -by O -17beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -and O -dihydrotestosterone O -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -estrone O -, O -and O -estriol O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -above O -steroids B-Chemical -, O -only O -dihydrotestosterone O -was O -able O -to O -inhibit O -enzyme O -activity O -in O -the O -seminiferous O -tubules O -, O -and O -then O -at O -only O -very O -high O -concentrations O -of O -the O -androgen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -an O -extrapituitary O -mechanism O -for O -the O -local O -regulation O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -interstitial O -tissue O -and O -the O -seminiferous O -tubules O -. O - -aps B-category -Catalysis O -does O -not O -depend O -on O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -or O -seryl O -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chemical O -ecology O -of O -Biomphalaria O -glabrata O -: O -the O -effects O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -on O -the O -growth O -rate O -of O -juvenile O -snails O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -growth O -rates O -of O -the O -snails O -could O -be O -enhanced O -by O -increasing O -the O -concentration O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -to O -critical O -thresholds O -, O -but O -further O -increases O -beyond O -these O -thresholds O -resulted O -in O -growth O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -indications O -that O -the O -snails O -are O -physiologically O -well O -- O -adapted O -to O -utilize O -ammonia B-Chemical -when O -required O -and O -also O -to O -control O -its O -excretion O -and O -uptake O -from O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -on O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -coenzymes O -in O -the O -rat O -uterus O -. O - -aps B-category -Thermal O -denaturation O -curves O -are O -recorded O -at O -253 O -nm O -as O -a O -function O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -dithionite O -reduction O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -yields O -rate O -constants O -of O -2 O -. O -8 O -X O -10 O -( O -8 O -) O -M O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -sec O -- O -1 O -for O -SO2 O -AND O -6 O -X O -10 O -( O -5 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -sec O -- O -1 O -for O -S2O4 O -at O -infinite O -dilution O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -a O -comparison O -of O -the O -rates O -of O -reduction O -of O -various O -denatured O -forms O -of O -cytochrome O -c O -we O -feel O -that O -the O -most O -viable O -conclusion O -is O -that O -electron O -transfer O -takes O -place O -at O -the O -exposed O -heme O -edge O -in O -the O -vicinity O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -side O -chains O -indicated O -above O -. O - -aps B-category -About O -30 O -% O -of O -her O -alpha O -chains O -were O -J O -Oxford O -which O -, O -bound O -to O -her O -gamma O -chains O -, O -produced O -a O -new O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -hemoglobin O -, O -alpha2 O -J O -Oxford O -gamma O -F2 O -, O -which O -has O -not O -been O -described O -previously O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -medium O -, O -dibutyryl O -cyclic B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -( O -DBcAMP O -) O -increases O -the O -adhesion O -index O -of O -the O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -Responses O -to O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -( O -the O -reference O -compound O -) O -, O -tertiary O -butyl O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -isoetharine O -were O -potentiated O -on O -trachea O -by O -50 O -muM O -phenoxybenzamine O -( O -PHB O -) O -and O -by O -other O -inhibitors O -of O -extraneuronal O -uptake O -( O -ENU O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -GABA B-Chemical -antagonism O -as O -a O -possible O -basis O -for O -the O -convulsant O -action O -of O -a O -series O -of O -bicyclic O -phosphorus B-Chemical -esters O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Anti O -- O -allergic O -properties O -of O -a O -new O -coumarin B-Chemical -compound O -( O -BM O -15 O -, O -100 O -) O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -The O -catecholamines B-Chemical -( O -1 O -- O -2 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -) O -inhibited O -neuronally O -evoked O -contractions O -at O -various O -stimulation O -frequencies O -; O -the O -inhibition O -was O -maximum O -at O -2 O -Hz O -and O -minimum O -at O -50 O -Hz O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -- O -response O -curves O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -at O -2 O -, O -10 O -and O -50 O -Hz O -were O -characteristically O -shifted O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -50 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -Acetylcholine O -- O -induced O -bladder O -contractions O -were O -inhibited O -by O -adrenaline B-Chemical -( O -2 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -) O -; O -the O -inhibition O -was O -completely O -blocked O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -contracted O -strongly O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F2alpha O -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -, O -compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -depolarizing O -solution O -and O -alternating O -current O -field O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -( O -- O -) O -- O -Isoprenaline O -and O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -adrenaline I-Chemical -were O -much O -more O -potent O -in O -relaxing O -the O -lung O -strip O -than O -the O -trachea O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -beta2 O -- O -Adrenoceptor O -selective O -agonists O -salbutamol B-Chemical -and O -terbutaline B-Chemical -were O -more O -potent O -in O -the O -lung O -strip O -than O -the O -trachea O -, O -suggesting O -beta2 O -- O -adrenoceptors O -predominated O -in O -the O -lung O -strip O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -initial O -phase O -of O -the O -contractile O -response O -of O -the O -lung O -strip O -following O -challenge O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -due O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -and O -was O -absent O -in O -the O -trachea O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -on O -lower O -oesophageal O -sphincter O -. O - -aps B-category -Partial O -purification O -yielded O -an O -endorphin O -at O -least O -4 O -times O -more O -potent O -than O -normorphine O -and O -16 O -times O -more O -potent O -than O -the O -endogenous O -brain O -pentapeptide O -methionine B-Chemical -enkephalin O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -by O -adult O -and O -fetal O -rabbit O -' O -s O -ileum O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -addition O -to O -labeled O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -tritiated O -5 O -- O -hydroxyindole O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -, O -when O -monoamine O -oxidase O -( O -MAO O -) O -was O -inhibited O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -o I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucuronide I-Chemical -were O -found O -in O -the O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -of O -tritiated O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -by O -the O -fetal O -ileum O -was O -due O -to O -a O -single O -, O -saturable O -, O -temperature O -sensitive O -( O -Q10 O -at O -27 O -- O -37 O -degress O -C O -= O -2 O -. O -4 O -) O -process O -inhibited O -by O -ouabain B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Light O -and O -electron O -microscope O -radioautography O -revealed O -that O -the O -uptake O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -was O -primarily O -into O -axons O -and O -a O -characteristic O -structure O -called O -the O -expanded O -process O -, O -both O -in O -the O -myenteric O -plexus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -12 O -, O -000 O -dalton O -proteins O -of O -neurons O -L11 O -and O -R15 O -of O -the O -Aplysia O -abdominal O -ganglion O -were O -labeled O -by O -incubation O -of O -the O -ganglion O -in O -[ O -3H O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -and O -compared O -in O -terms O -of O -their O -subcellular O -localization O -, O -solubility O -in O -various O -media O -, O -and O -molecular O -charge O -. O - -aps B-category -Elevation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -sympathetic O -neurons O -after O -reserpine B-Chemical -: O -the O -role O -of O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Consequences O -of O -the O -administration O -of O -alpha O -or O -beta O -drenolytic O -agents O -on O -the O -mobilization O -of O -plasma O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -as O -induced O -by O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -in O -the O -dog O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -is O -abolished O -by O -administration O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -beta O -blocking O -agent O -) O -but O -not O -by O -phentolamine B-Chemical -( O -alpha O -blocking O -agent O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -alpha O -blocking O -drug O -supress O -the O -fall O -of O -FFA O -induced O -by O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -a O -sympathomimetic O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -cat O -, O -the O -broncho O -- O -dilatator O -effects O -of O -salbutamol B-Chemical -and O -terbutaline B-Chemical -are O -influenced O -by O -blood O -pH O -variations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -3 O -- O -isopropyl O -( O -I O -) O -, O -3 O -- O -cyclohexyl O -( O -II O -) O -and O -3 O -- O -phenyl O -( O -III O -) O -analogs O -of O -the O -new O -antipsychotic O -drug O -butaclamol O -, O -which O -contains O -a O -3 O -- O -tertiary O -butyl O -group O -, O -and O -their O -respective O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -enantiomers O -, O -but O -not O -( O -- O -) O -- O -enantiomers O -, O -caused O -a O -dose O -related O -elevation O -of O -rat O -striatal O -homovanillic O -acid O -concentration O -, O -indicative O -of O -an O -increased O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -turnover O -; O -droperidol B-Chemical -also O -exhibited O -this O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Catalepsy O -induced O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -or O -haloperidol B-Chemical -: O -effects O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -and O -anticholinergic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -catalepsy O -was O -also O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anticholinergic O -drugs O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -benztropine B-Chemical -, O -and O -scopolamine B-Chemical -were O -unable O -to O -antagonize O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -catalepsy O -, O -yet O -readily O -antagonized O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -are O -compatible O -with O -the O -idea O -that O -catalepsy O -can O -be O -mediated O -via O -the O -striatum O -or O -the O -amygdala O -; O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopamine I-Chemical -antagonism O -may O -occur O -in O -the O -amygdala O -, O -whereas O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopamine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cholinergic I-Chemical -interactions O -occur O -in O -the O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -experiments O -show O -that O -at O -doses O -ranging O -from O -0 O -. O -1 O -to O -0 O -. O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -the O -( O -+ O -) O -enantiomer O -abolished O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -( O -a O -) O -stereotyped O -behavior O -and O -( O -b O -) O -rotational O -behavior O -in O -rats O -with O -unilateral O -lesions O -in O -the O -substantia O -nigra O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -considerably O -higher O -doses O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -butaclamol O -antagonized O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -mortality O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -acidity O -, O -cations O -and O -alcoholic O -fractionation O -on O -absorption O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -from O -gastrointestinal O -tract O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -most O -drugs O -, O -more O -heparin B-Chemical -was O -absorbed O -from O -the O -stomach O -than O -from O -the O -intestine O -. O - -aps B-category -Heparin B-Chemical -was O -separated O -with O -ethanol B-Chemical -into O -five O -molecular O -weight O -fraction O -: O -I O -, O -17 O -999 O -; O -II O -, O -13 O -i99 O -; O -III O -, O -10800 O -, O -IV O -, O -8 O -700 O -; O -and O -V O -, O -6 O -700 O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -administered O -in O -distilled O -water O -instead O -of O -in O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -this O -heparin B-Chemical -fraction O -did O -not O -produce O -an O -anticoagulant O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -, O -was O -purified O -by O -salting O -out O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -and O -by O -chromatography O -on O -a O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -column O -and O -twice O -on O -a O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -column O -. O - -aps B-category -Amendment O -with O -malate B-Chemical -of O -acid O -soils O -was O -not O -very O -effective O -in O -increasing O -nitrogenase O -( O -N2 O -- O -ase O -) O -activity O -, O -but O -in O -two O -soils O -with O -pH O -above O -6 O -. O -4 O -, O -high O -N2 O -- O -ase O -activity O -was O -obtained O -after O -16 O -to O -48 O -h O -of O -incubation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -pH O -and O -temperature O -on O -the O -assay O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -is O -based O -on O -a O -linear O -inhibition O -of O -the O -reduction O -of O -acetylated O -cytochrome O -c O -by O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -exhibited O -a O -pH O -and O -temperature O -optimum O -of O -7 O -. O -5 O -- O -8 O -. O -0 O -and O -32 O -degrees O -C O -, O -respectively O -, O -and O -was O -inhibited O -by O -metal O -- O -chelating O -and O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -unsubstituted O -p O -- O -hydroxy O -group O -on O -the O -benzene B-Chemical -ring O -and O -an O -acrylic O -acid O -side O -chain O -were O -required O -for O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Volatiles O -, O -of O -which O -NH3 O -is O -a O -major O -component O -, O -were O -evolved O -from O -decomposing O -immature O -corn O -tissue O -( O -c O -: O -n9 O -) O -and O -affected O -R O -. O -solani O -in O -culture O -two O -ways O -: O -they O -supplied O -additional O -nitrogen B-Chemical -to O -the O -growth O -medium O -so O -that O -fungal O -mycelial O -growth O -increased O -; O -and O -they O -raised O -substrate O -pH O -from O -5 O -. O -5 O -to O -8 O -. O -2 O -which O -induced O -melanization O -of O -mycelium O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -affecting O -rate O -of O -methane O -formation O -from O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -by O -enriched O -methanogenic O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -enrichment O -culture O -converted O -up O -to O -10 O -mmol O -of O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -per O -litre O -per O -day O -at O -35 O -degrees O -C O -and O -did O -not O -use O -hydrogen B-Chemical -or O -formic O -acid O -in O -appreciable O -amounts O -as O -substrate O -for O -methane O -production O -instead O -of O -, O -or O -in O -addition O -to O -, O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -conversion O -was O -independent O -of O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -concentration O -between O -0 O -. O -2 O -and O -100 O -mM O -, O -but O -dropped O -markedly O -at O -concentrations O -below O -0 O -. O -2 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -Citrate B-Chemical -and O -malate B-Chemical -were O -poorer O -sources O -of O -exogenous O -carbon B-Chemical -than O -several O -hexose O -, O -pentose O -, O -or O -disaccharide O -sugars O -for O -supporting O -macroconidial O -germination O -by O -Fusarium O -solani O -at O -high O -conidial O -density O -( O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -5 O -) O -condia O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Mostly O -immature O -chlamydospores O -were O -formed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -citrate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -buffered O -, O -low O -pH O -( O -4 O -. O -0 O -) O -medium O -of O -Cochrane O -induced O -more O -immature O -chlamydospore O -formation O -by O -F O -. O -solani O -than O -a O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -medium O -, O -but O -few O -mature O -chlamydospores O -were O -formed O -in O -either O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Phenylalanine I-Chemical -was O -actively O -transported O -by O -conidia O -of O -Fusarium O -sulphurenum O -Schlect O -( O -isolate O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Sucrose O -repressed O -uptake O -of O -phenylalanine O -and O -this O -repression O -was O -largely O -negated O -by O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -preferred O -substrates O -for O -methane O -production O -are O -hydrogen B-Chemical -, O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -, O -and O -formate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hepatic O -nuclear O -fraction O -isolated O -from O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -( O -MC O -) O -- O -treated O -rats O -contained O -enhanced O -levels O -of O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -and O -aryl O -hydrocarbon O -hydroxylase O -[ O -benzo O -( O -a O -) O -pyrene O -( O -BP O -) O -monooxygenase O -] O -, O -whereas O -the O -activities O -of O -epoxide O -hydrase O -and O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -and O -the O -concentration O -of O -cytochrome O -b5 O -were O -not O -altered O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -nuclei O -from O -control O -rats O -, O -the O -nuclear O -fraction O -from O -MC O -- O -treated O -rats O -showed O -an O -increase O -in O -bound O -radioactivity O -when O -incubated O -with O -a O -microsome O -- O -free O -supernatant O -, O -obtained O -by O -incubating O -microsomes O -from O -MC O -- O -treated O -rats O -with O -[ O -3H O -] O -BP O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -( O -7 O -/ O -8 O -, O -9 O -) O -- O -trihydroxy O -- O -7 O -, O -8 O -, O -9 O -, O -10 O -, O -10 O -- O -pentahydrobenzo O -( O -a O -) O -pyrene O -is O -formed O -from O -the O -diol O -- O -epoxide O -r O -- O -7 O -, O -t O -- O -8 O -- O -dihydroxy O -- O -t O -- O -9 O -, O -10 O -- O -oxy O -- O -7 O -, O -8 O -, O -9 O -, O -10 O -- O -tetrahydroxybenzo O -( O -a O -) O -pyrene O -by O -reduction O -with O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -( O -7 O -, O -9 O -/ O -8 O -) O -- O -trihydroxy O -- O -7 O -, O -8 O -, O -9 O -, O -10 O -, O -10 O -- O -pentahydrobenzo O -( O -a O -) O -pyrene O -is O -similarly O -formed O -from O -the O -diol O -- O -epoxide O -r O -- O -7 O -, O -t O -- O -8 O -- O -dihydroxy O -- O -c O -- O -9 O -, O -10 O -- O -oxy O -- O -7 O -, O -8 O -, O -9 O -, O -10 O -- O -tetrahydrobenzo O -( O -a O -) O -pyrene O -by O -reduction O -with O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -objective O -of O -this O -investigation O -was O -to O -throw O -light O -on O -the O -biological O -behavior O -and O -metabolic O -regulation O -of O -hepatic O -enzymes O -of O -the O -nonoxidative O -branch O -of O -the O -pentose B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -the O -transketolase O -substrates O -, O -ribose O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -xylulose O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -the O -apparent O -Km O -values O -were O -0 O -. O -3 O -and O -0 O -. O -5 O -mM O -, O -respectively O -, O -in O -both O -liver O -and O -hepatoma O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -demonstration O -of O -increased O -transaldolase O -activity O -in O -hepatomas O -, O -irrespective O -of O -the O -degree O -of O -tumor O -malignancy O -, O -differentiation O -, O -or O -growth O -rate O -, O -suggests O -that O -the O -reprogramming O -of O -gene O -expression O -in O -malignant O -transformation O -is O -linked O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -expression O -of O -this O -pentose B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -pathway O -enzyme O -. O -. O -. O - -aps B-category -tRNA O -precursor O -molecules O -from O -both O -E O -. O -coli O -and O -KB O -cells O -are O -cleaved O -by O -this O -novel O -activity O -to O -produce O -5 O -' O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -terminated I-Chemical -oligonucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extracellular O -and O -intracellular O -potassium B-Chemical -( O -K O -+ O -) O -activities O -of O -isolated O -superfused O -rabbit O -atrial O -muscle O -were O -measured O -using O -K O -+ O -- O -sensitive O -liquid O -ion O -exchanger O -microelectrodes O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -excretion O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -hydroxybutyrate O -dehydrogenase O -, O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -, O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -arylsulphatase O -A O -, O -alpha O -- O -glucosidase O -, O -beta O -- O -galactosidase O -, O -trehalase O -, O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -beta O -- O -glucosaminidase O -, O -beta O -- O -glucuronidase O -, O -and O -leucinearylamidase O -was O -studies O -in O -a O -carefully O -selected O -group O -of O -100 O -healthy O -subjects O -, O -50 O -women O -and O -50 O -men O -. O - -aps B-category -Men O -showed O -a O -significantly O -higher O -excretion O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -, O -alpha O -- O -glucosidase O -, O -trehalase O -, O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -beta O -- O -glucosaminidase O -, O -beta O -- O -glucuronidase O -, O -and O -leucine B-Chemical -arylamidase O -activity O -than O -did O -women O -if O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -related O -to O -urinary O -time O -volume O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -and O -identification O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -drugs O -and O -their O -metabolites O -in O -urine O -by O -use O -of O -Amberlite O -XAD O -- O -2 O -resin O -and O -thin O -- O -layer O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drugs O -and O -their O -metabolites O -in O -the O -urine O -were O -adsorbed O -by O -the O -resin O -, O -irrespective O -of O -urinary O -pH O -, O -and O -upon O -successive O -elution O -with O -methanol O -and O -ethyl O -acetate O -/ O -methanol O -/ O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -90 O -/ O -10 O -/ O -0 O -. O -1 O -by O -vol O -) O -they O -could O -be O -separated O -and O -extracted O -from O -the O -normal O -components O -of O -urine O -with O -satisfactory O -analytical O -recovery O -. O - -aps B-category -Reaction O -of O -alkaline O -sodium B-Chemical -picrate O -with O -creatinine B-Chemical -: O -I O -. O -Kinetics O -and O -mechanism O -of O -formation O -of O -the O -mono B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -creatinine I-Chemical -picric O -acid O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -studies O -indicate O -that O -the O -forward O -reaction O -is O -first O -order O -with O -respect O -to O -picric O -acid O -, O -hydroxide O -, O -and O -creatinine B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -long O -- O -term O -precision O -and O -stability O -of O -a O -new O -quality O -- O -control O -system O -for O -blood O -pH O -and O -gas O -measurements O -are O -compared O -to O -that O -of O -tonometered O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -solutions O -and O -serum O -- O -based O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -new O -system O -, O -offering O -three O -discrete O -sets O -of O -control O -values O -, O -has O -certain O -advantages O -in O -the O -simultaneous O -quality O -of O -pH O -, O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -, O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -measurements O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -search O -for O -the O -best O -buffer O -to O -use O -in O -assaying O -human O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -with O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -to I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyruvate I-Chemical -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Diethanolamine O -and O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, O -3 O -- O -propanediol O -provided O -the O -best O -measurements O -of O -the O -enzyme O -, O -assayed O -lactate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -to I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyruvate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -a O -hyponatremia O -responds O -to O -reduction O -in O -serum O -concentration O -of O -paraprotein O -and O -should O -not O -be O -treated O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -replacement O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -of O -phenotype O -ADA O -was O -partially O -purified O -by O -chromatography O -on O -CM O -- O -Sephadex O -C O -- O -50 O -and O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -precipitation O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -abnormal O -form O -of O -purine B-Chemical -nucleoside B-Chemical -phosphorylase O -in O -a O -family O -with O -a O -child O -with O -severe O -defective O -T O -- O -cell O -- O -and O -normal O -B O -- O -cell O -immunity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -propositus O -no O -purine B-Chemical -nucleoside B-Chemical -phosphorylase O -( O -NP O -) O -activity O -could O -be O -detected O -in O -her O -red O -cells O -and O -lymphocytes O -, O -while O -the O -ADA O -activity O -was O -somewhat O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nucleoside B-Chemical -phosphorylases O -of O -the O -father O -, O -mother O -and O -brother O -of O -the O -patient O -were O -characterized O -by O -an O -increased O -KM O -for O -the O -substrate O -inosine O -, O -normal O -pH O -optimum O -and O -a O -decreased O -heat O -stability O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -donor O -substrate O -is O -highly O -solube O -even O -in O -neutral O -solutions O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -commonly O -used O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -4 O -- O -nitroanilide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -LDH O -activity O -of O -H4 O -relative O -to O -M4 O -preparations O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -maximal O -when O -450 O -mM O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -with O -NAD O -or O -15 O -mM O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -with O -TNXD O -are O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oestrogen B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -two O -solid O -tissues O -were O -also O -assayed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -effects O -of O -exercise O -- O -induced O -changes O -in O -other O -parameters O -( O -plasma O -free O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -serum O -triglyceride B-Chemical -, O -haemoconcentration O -) O -on O -the O -measured O -postexercise O -serum O -gamma O -- O -GT O -have O -been O -discussed O -, O -partly O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -our O -own O -experimental O -data O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -on O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -mouse O -brain O -has O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -doses O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -between O -1 O -and O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -histamine B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -brain O -histamine B-Chemical -levels O -with O -doses O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -between O -7 O -- O -5 O -and O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -the O -5 O -and O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -doses O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -produced O -analgesia O -in O -mice O -whereas O -brain O -histamine B-Chemical -levels O -were O -increased O -and O -decreased O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -produced O -a O -biphasic O -effect O -on O -locomotor O -activity O -when O -the O -dose O -was O -increased O -from O -0 O -- O -5 O -through O -to O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mitotic O -rate O -increased O -significantly O -in O -rats O -treated O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -with O -practolol O -, O -whereas O -the O -mitotic O -rate O -decreased O -significantly O -in O -rats O -treated O -with O -metaraminol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -on O -epithelial O -cell O -proliferation O -in O -the O -jejunum O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -injection O -resulted O -in O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -mitotic O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -by O -which O -histamine B-Chemical -may O -influence O -crypt O -cell O -proliferation O -and O -possible O -role O -of O -cyclic O -GMP O -in O -this O -mediation O -are O -discussed O -. O -¿ O - -aps B-category -The O -absorption O -and O -malabsorption O -of O -folates O -, O -natural O -, O -purified O -and O -synthetic O -, O -in O -disease O -has O -been O -studied O -more O -than O -any O -other O -vitamin O -and O -indeed O -folate B-Chemical -absorption O -has O -become O -one O -clinical O -test O -of O -intestinal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -limiting O -stage O -of O -folate B-Chemical -absorption O -appears O -to O -be O -the O -transport O -of O -the O -monoglutamyl O -folate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -components O -of O -the O -folate B-Chemical -transport O -system O -, O -listed O -in O -Table O -4 O -, O -are O -receiving O -increased O -attention O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -present O -we O -have O -little O -or O -no O -information O -about O -the O -mechanism O -of O -folate B-Chemical -release O -from O -the O -epithelial O -cell O -to O -the O -circulation O -but O -this O -step O -also O -could O -influence O -the O -rate O -and O -specificity O -of O -overall O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -an O -understanding O -should O -facilitate O -the O -management O -of O -folate B-Chemical -deficiency O -whenever O -it O -complicates O -gastrointestinal O -disease O -or O -drug O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -supply O -of O -the O -pyrimidine O -deoxythymidine O -triphosphate O -( O -dTTP O -) O -may O -be O -caused O -by O -folate B-Chemical -or O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -deficiencies O -or O -by O -the O -action O -of O -dihydrofolate O -reductase O -inhibitors O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -dTTP O -supply O -may O -also O -be O -caused O -by O -direct O -inhibition O -of O -thymidylate O -synthetase O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -here O -that O -reduced O -supply O -of O -one O -or O -other O -of O -the O -four O -deoxyribonucleoside O -triphosphate O -( O -dNTP O -) O -during O -the O -' O -S O -' O -phase O -of O -the O -cell O -cycle O -( O -due O -to O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -or O -folate B-Chemical -deficiency O -, O -drug O -treatment O -or O -other O -congenital O -or O -acquired O -abnormality O -in O -synthesis O -of O -the O -dNTP O -) O -impairs O -the O -cell O -' O -s O -ability O -to O -elongate O -newly O -initiated O -DNA O -fragments O -by O -preventing O -gap O -- O -filling O -, O -the O -polymerase O -needed O -for O -gap O -- O -filling O -requiring O -substantially O -greater O -concentrations O -of O -the O -deoxyribonucleoside O -triphosphates O -than O -the O -polymerase O -involved O -in O -chain O -initiation O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -levels O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -were O -noted O -in O -a O -patient O -receiving O -digoxin B-Chemical -and O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -( O -SSA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -determine O -whether O -or O -not O -SSA O -consistently O -interfered O -with O -the O -therapeutic O -effect O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -, O -both O -drugs O -were O -administered O -to O -10 O -normal O -subjects O -in O -a O -crossover O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -digoxin B-Chemical -was O -given O -with O -SSA O -, O -the O -average O -area O -under O -the O -serum O -digoxin B-Chemical -curve O -fell O -from O -the O -control O -value O -of O -8 O -. O -79 O -ng O -- O -hr O -- O -ml O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -to O -6 O -. O -66 O -ng O -- O -hr O -- O -ml O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -fell O -and O -total O -urinary O -excretion O -decreased O -from O -278 O -mcg O -/ O -10 O -days O -to O -228 O -mcg O -/ O -10 O -days O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -025 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -were O -conducted O -to O -determine O -whether O -SSA O -inhibited O -digoxin B-Chemical -absorption O -by O -physically O -absorbing O -the O -glycoside O -from O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -administered O -intravenously O -( O -10 O -and O -20 O -mg O -) O -and O -orally O -( O -20 O -, O -40 O -, O -80 O -, O -and O -160 O -mg O -) O -on O -plasma O -concentrations O -of O -the O -drug O -, O -resting O -heart O -rate O -, O -exercise O -- O -induced O -tachycardia O -, O -and O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -was O -assessed O -as O -a O -function O -of O -time O -in O -6 O -healthy O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -oral O -and O -intravenous O -data O -reveals O -the O -variation O -in O -bioavailabilty O -of O -orally O -administered O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -to O -range O -from O -19 O -% O -to O -74 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Higher O -plasma O -concentrations O -of O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -are O -required O -to O -lower O -blood O -pressure O -compared O -to O -those O -necessary O -to O -slow O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -pharmacologic O -observations O -on O -atenolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocker O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oral O -administration O -of O -a O -series O -of O -single O -doses O -of O -atenolol B-Chemical -reduced O -an O -exercise O -tachycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -atenolol B-Chemical -reduced O -exercise O -tachycardia O -with O -a O -significant O -correlation O -between O -effect O -and O -plasma O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -plasma O -elimination O -half O -- O -life O -, O -area O -under O -the O -plasma O -concentration O -- O -time O -curve O -, O -and O -peak O -plasma O -concentration O -after O -200 O -mg O -atenolol B-Chemical -were O -not O -changed O -by O -chronic O -dosing O -for O -8 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Certain O -features O -of O -the O -phencyclidine B-Chemical -psychosis O -, O -namely O -the O -neurologic O -abnormalities O -, O -dose O -- O -related O -severity O -of O -symptoms O -, O -and O -regularity O -of O -the O -length O -of O -illness O -, O -are O -not O -noted O -with O -other O -psychedelic O -drugs O -, O -leading O -to O -the O -conclusion O -that O -PCP O -psychosis O -is O -a O -drug O -effect O -rather O -than O -a O -brief O -functional O -psychosis O -precipitated O -by O -the O -disintegrating O -PCP O -experience O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -basis O -for O -the O -" O -riboflavin B-Chemical -defect O -" O -associated O -with O -the O -use O -of O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -To O -ascertain O -the O -clinical O -significance O -of O -derangements O -in O -arterial O -pH O -and O -arterial O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -( O -PaCO2 O -) O -in O -modifying O -pulmonary O -arterial O -pressures O -and O -pulmonary O -vascular O -resistance O -in O -critically O -ill O -patients O -, O -the O -relationship O -between O -these O -two O -sets O -of O -variables O -was O -evaluated O -in O -75 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibiting O -and O -enhancing O -effects O -of O -the O -polyamines O -can O -be O -observed O -in O -assays O -containing O -liver O -preparations O -from O -both O -male O -and O -female O -rats O -, O -and O -those O -from O -rats O -pretreated O -with O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -or O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -the O -N O -- O -demethylation O -of O -benzphetamine O -, O -ethylmorphine O -, O -meperidine B-Chemical -, O -and O -methadone B-Chemical -have O -been O -studied O -in O -microsomes O -isolated O -from O -livers O -of O -the O -fetal O -stumptailed O -macaque O -( O -Macaca O -arctoides O -) O -during O -the O -last O -third O -of O -gestation O -. O - -aps B-category -N O -- O -Hydroxylation O -of O -phenacetin B-Chemical -by O -hamster O -liver O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -, O -which O -requires O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -is O -inhibited O -by O -a O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -/ O -oxygen B-Chemical -atmosphere O -, O -indicating O -that O -it O -is O -catalyzed O -by O -a O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -- O -dependent O -mixed O -- O -function O -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduction O -requires O -a O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -generating I-Chemical -system O -and O -was O -inhibited O -by O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -analysis O -of O -the O -reductase O -activity O -in O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -suggests O -that O -the O -reduction O -of O -the O -hydroxylamine O -is O -mediated O -by O -at O -least O -two O -enzyme O -systems O -, O -one O -of O -which O -is O -a O -CO O -- O -sensitive O -system O -inducible O -by O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Few O -significant O -changes O -in O -any O -of O -the O -above O -parameters O -resulted O -from O -storage O -of O -rabbit O -tissue O -preparations O -in O -liquid O -nitrogen B-Chemical -for O -periods O -of O -up O -to O -28 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -activities O -in O -the O -livers O -of O -untreated O -or O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pretreated I-Chemical -rats O -were O -less O -stable O -to O -storage O -than O -in O -tissue O -preparations O -from O -rabbits O -stored O -under O -identical O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -blood O -flow O -in O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -hypoxic O -hypoxia O -- O -induced O -alterations O -in O -hexobarbital O -metabolism O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -would O -appear O -to O -explain O -the O -relatively O -greater O -inhibitory O -potency O -of O -hypoxic O -hypoxia O -on O -drug O -metabolism O -in O -vivo O -, O -since O -drug O -delivery O -to O -the O -liver O -is O -depressed O -by O -hypoxic O -hypoxia O -but O -unaffected O -by O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biotransformation O -of O -( O -6 O -, O -7 O -- O -dichloro O -- O -2 O -- O -methyl O -- O -1 O -- O -oxo O -- O -2 O -- O -phenyl O -- O -5 O -- O -indanyloxy O -) O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -MK O -- O -196 O -) O -in O -the O -chimpanzee O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -the O -ketone B-Chemical -group O -, O -methylation O -of O -the O -p O -- O -hydroxy O -group O -, O -and O -additional O -phenyl O -ring O -hydroxylation O -were O -also O -shown O -to O -occur O -. O - -aps B-category -Tissue O -distribution O -and O -excretion O -( O -urinary O -, O -fecal O -, O -and O -biliary O -) O -of O -an O -intravenous O -bolus O -of O -64Cu O -( O -NO3 O -) O -2 O -were O -measured O -in O -rats O -pretreated O -with O -spironolactone B-Chemical -and O -in O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -end O -of O -that O -time O -, O -kidney O -, O -red O -blood O -cell O -, O -and O -serum O -copper B-Chemical -levels O -all O -were O -similar O -for O -the O -two O -groups O -, O -but O -liver O -copper B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -higher O -in O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreated O -animals O -excreted O -significantly O -more O -copper B-Chemical -in O -the O -bile O -during O -the O -first O -2 O -hr O -after O -64Cu O -( O -NO3 O -) O -2 O -injection O -, O -and O -had O -higher O -hepatic O -copper B-Chemical -levels O -at O -3 O -hr O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -physiological O -disposition O -of O -a O -new O -saluretic O -- O -uricosuric O -agent O -, O -( O -6 O -, O -7 O -- O -dichloro O -- O -2 O -- O -methyl O -- O -1 O -- O -oxo O -- O -2 O -- O -phenyl O -- O -5 O -- O -indanyloxy O -) O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -MK O -- O -196 O -) O -, O -was O -studied O -in O -the O -rat O -, O -dog O -, O -and O -monkey O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -secretion O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -and O -its O -major O -metabolite O -in O -the O -gastric O -juice O -of O -humans O -: O -comparison O -with O -blood O -and O -salivary O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -in O -blood O -was O -compared O -with O -that O -in O -the O -gastric O -juice O -obtained O -over O -8 O -hr O -by O -continuous O -low O -- O -pressure O -suction O -via O -a O -nasogastric O -tube O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -greater O -recovery O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -from O -the O -addicts O -appears O -to O -be O -the O -result O -of O -the O -larger O -volume O -of O -gastric O -juice O -recovered O -from O -the O -latter O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -N O -- O -monodemethylated O -metabolite O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -was O -identified O -in O -the O -gastric O -juice O -of O -addicts O -by O -gas O -chromatography O -and O -mass O -spectrometry O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -barbiturates O -were O -the O -most O -commonly O -used O -antianxiety O -agents O -until O -recently O -but O -are O -being O -superseded O -by O -the O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -are O -the O -treatment O -of O -choice O -in O -anxious O -and O -depressed O -patients O -and O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitors O -may O -be O -helpful O -in O -phobic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Red O -cell O -hemoglobin O -, O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -and O -electrolyte O -concentrations O -during O -exercise O -in O -trained O -and O -untrained O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -to O -alpha O -- O -hemocyanin O -and O -beta O -- O -hemocyanin O -from O -Helix O -pomatia O -. O - -aps B-category -Homotropic O -interactions O -upon O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -binding O -were O -much O -weaker O -than O -upon O -the O -binding O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -For O -alpha O -- O -hemocyanin O -a O -linkage O -has O -been O -observed O -between O -the O -binding O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -and O -a O -change O -in O -quaternary O -structure O -of O -the O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -cyclic O -- O -AMP O -- O -dependent O -phosphorylation O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -isolated O -pig O -liver O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Likewise O -, O -the O -requirement O -for O -potassium B-Chemical -was O -unaffected O -, O -whereas O -the O -phosphoenzyme O -required O -a O -higher O -concentration O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -ions O -for O -maximal O -activity O -, O -compared O -with O -the O -control O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -corresponding O -values O -with O -alanine B-Chemical -were O -1 O -. O -3 O -mM O -and O -1 O -. O -9 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -was O -developed O -for O -the O -calculation O -of O -metabolic O -fluxes O -through O -individual O -enzymatic O -reactions O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -metabolism O -including O -the O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -cycle O -in O -rat O -liver O -mitochondrial O -incubated O -at O -metabolic O -states O -between O -state O -4 O -and O -state O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -this O -procedure O -the O -energy O -balance O -of O -mitochondria O -incubated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -[ O -2 O -- O -14C O -] O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -ATP O -, O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -at O -different O -ATP O -/ O -ADP O -ratios O -in O -the O -medium O -was O -calculated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -calculations O -revealed O -that O -by O -adding O -increasing O -concentrations O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -up O -to O -20 O -mM O -the O -energy O -dissipated O -by O -the O -mitochondria O -decreased O -but O -showed O -a O -local O -maximum O -at O -13mM O -creatine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -General O -properties O -, O -substrate O -specificity O -and O -inhibition O -by O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -conditions O -for O -optimum O -activity O -, O -temperature O -- O -inactivation O -, O -temperature O -- O -dependence O -of O -the O -activity O -, O -carboxyl O -donor O -specificity O -, O -sensitivity O -to O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotics O -, O -and O -insensitivity O -to O -potential O -peptide O -inhibitors O -of O -both O -enzyme O -activities O -, O -was O -identical O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -by O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotic O -was O -reversible O -for O -both O -enzymic O -activities O -and O -the O -time O -- O -dependence O -for O -their O -recovery O -was O -identical O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -that O -addition O -of O -a O -nucleophile O -, O -such O -as O -methanol O -, O -led O -to O -the O -partition O -of O -the O -common O -acyl O -- O -enzyme O -intermediate O -between O -water O -and O -the O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -and O -tumor O -proteins O -reactive O -with O -tyrosine B-Chemical -transaminase O -- O -- O -specific O -rabbit O -antiserum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -15 O -of O -the O -19 O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -determined O -were O -significantly O -increased O -in O -blood O -and O -the O -increases O -were O -greatest O -for O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -concerned O -with O -neurotransmitter O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -plasma O -concentrations O -of O -the O -branched O -chain O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -normal O -except O -in O -those O -patients O -who O -subsequently O -recovered O -in O -whom O -levels O -were O -slightly O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -tryptophan B-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -a O -significant O -elevation O -in O -brain O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -concentration O -suggesting O -an O -increase O -in O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -turnover O -in O -hepatic O -coma O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -for O -the O -branched O -chain O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -and O -brain O -concentrations O -were O -increased O -when O -plasma O -concentrations O -were O -normal O -suggesting O -an O -increase O -in O -brain O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Preparations O -of O -various O -immunogenic O -( O -Type O -3 O -pneumococcal O -polysaccharide O -( O -SIII O -) O -, O -levan O -, O -E O -. O -coli O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -) O -and O -nonimmunogenic O -( O -hyaluronic O -acid O -and O -poly B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -) O -polymers O -were O -tested O -for O -their O -ability O -to O -act O -as O -polyclonal O -mitogens O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -serum O -- O -free O -medium O -, O -and O -using O -high O -specific O -activity O -[ O -3H O -] O -thymidine B-Chemical -, O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -, O -levan O -, O -SIII O -and O -to O -a O -lesser O -degree O -hyaluronic O -acid O -induced O -significant O -thymidine B-Chemical -incorporation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -different O -degrees O -of O -conjugation O -of O -levan O -, O -dextran B-Chemical -, O -pneumococcal O -polysaccharide O -SIII O -and O -the O -copolymer O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -D O -- O -lysine O -with O -the O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dinitrophenyl O -determinant O -( O -DNP O -) O -on O -the O -immunogenic O -and O -tolerogenic O -capacity O -of O -its O -haptenic O -conjugates O -was O -investigated O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -other O -antipsychotic O -agents O -( O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -pimozide O -) O -did O -not O -inhibit O -raphe O -cell O -firing O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -depressant O -effects O -of O -certain O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -and O -piperoxane O -on O -5HT O -neurons O -appears O -to O -be O -mediated O -by O -a O -cnetral O -adrenergic O -system O -since O -( O -1 O -) O -the O -depression O -could O -be O -reversed O -by O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -releasing O -agents O -1 O -- O -and O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -; O -( O -2 O -) O -the O -depression O -could O -be O -abolished O -by O -destruction O -of O -adrenergic O -pathways O -in O -the O -CNS O -by O -chemical O -, O -mechanical O -, O -or O -electrothermic O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -examined O -the O -effects O -of O -two O -inhibitory O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transmitters O -( O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -glycine B-Chemical -) O -for O -possible O -effects O -on O -dorsal O -raphe O -cell O -firing O -using O -single O -cell O -recording O -and O -microiontophoretic O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -glycine B-Chemical -were O -found O -to O -inhibit O -raphe O -cell O -firing O -selectively O -, O -allowing O -for O -a O -possible O -neurotransmitter O -function O -for O -these O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -within O -the O -dorsal O -raphe O -nucleus O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -these O -results O -, O -we O -propose O -that O -the O -adrenergic O -input O -may O -influence O -5HT O -neurons O -indirectly O -via O -a O -GABAergic O -interneuron O -or O -interposed O -GABA B-Chemical -neuron O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -three O -enzymes O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -metabolism O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -synthetase O -in O -the O -obligate O -aerobic O -yeast O -Rhodotorula O -gracilis O -are O -repressed O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -induced O -by O -C2 O -metabolic O -fuels O -with O -a O -regulatory O -pattern O -indicating O -a O -correlation O -in O -the O -control O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -indicate O -that O -ethanol B-Chemical -is O -not O -specifically O -required O -as O -a O -molecular O -signal O -for O -induction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -effects O -of O -the O -pyrazine O -derivative O -, O -amiloride B-Chemical -, O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -transport O -in O -an O -amphibian O -epithelium O -has O -been O -studied O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -bilateral O -oophorectomy O -and O -peroral O -estradiol B-Chemical -valerate O -therapy O -on O -serum O -lipids O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -diagnosis O -of O -pregnancy O -initiated O -regular O -assays O -of O -urinary O -estrogen B-Chemical -and O -pregnanediol O -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -tranexamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -AMCA B-Chemical -) O -in O -IUDs O -as O -an O -anti O -- O -bleeding O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -neurosecretory O -and O -chromaffin O -granules O -, O -renin O -granules O -were O -stabilized O -by O -Mg O -- O -ATP O -in O -ionic O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -seven O -barbiturates O -( O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -, O -three O -N O -- O -phenylbarbiturates O -and O -three O -N O -- O -cyclohexylbarbiturates O -) O -on O -the O -hepatic O -cytoplasmic O -organic O -anion O -- O -binding O -proteins O -, O -Y O -and O -Z O -, O -were O -investigated O -in O -an O -attempt O -to O -observe O -the O -structure O -- O -activity O -relationship O -of O -baributrates O -to O -induction O -and O -reduction O -of O -these O -two O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -BSP O -- O -binding O -capacity O -of O -the O -Zprotein O -tended O -to O -be O -decreased O -by O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -and O -phetharbital O -, O -but O -to O -be O -increased O -by O -bucolome O -. O - -aps B-category -Bucolome O -and O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -increased O -the O -percent O -of O -SAMG O -in O -patients O -with O -various O -liver O -diseases O -. O - -aps B-category -And O -the O -difference O -between O -two O -methods O -could O -be O -explained O -from O -the O -fact O -that O -some O -volume O -of O -secreted O -acid O -escaped O -into O -the O -duodenum O -before O -being O -neutralized O -by O -potassium B-Chemical -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -and O -that O -some O -of O -gastric O -juice O -remained O -not O -aspirated O -in O -the O -stomach O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -with O -its O -receptor O -has O -been O -studied O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -tachyphylaxis O -shown O -by O -the O -rat O -uterus O -towards O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -when O -pH O -and O -Ca2 O -+ O -concentration O -are O -below O -physiological O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -with O -alkylating O -( O -affinity O -labeled O -) O -angiotensin B-Chemical -derivatives O -containing O -the O -N O -- O -mustard O -chlorambucil B-Chemical -suggest O -a O -" O -Charnière O -type O -" O -inhibition O -at O -the O -Ca O -- O -binding O -site O -of O -receptor O -and O -an O -irreversible O -inhibition O -at O -an O -anionic O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -obtained O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -logical O -model O -for O -the O -angiotensin B-Chemical -receptor O -allowing O -for O -normal O -activation O -by O -the O -hormone O -as O -well O -as O -for O -production O -of O -tachyphylaxis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytriptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -blocking O -agents O -, O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -narcotic O -- O -antagonists O -and O -ganglionic O -blocking O -agents O -were O -tested O -in O -the O -dog O -intestine O -by O -close O -intra O -- O -arterial O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -was O -injected O -immediately O -after O -cessation O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -induced O -phasic O -contractions O -, O -a O -significant O -potentiation O -of O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -induced O -intestinal O -contraction O -could O -be O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -blocking O -agents O -like O -LSD O -, O -BOL O -, O -and O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -did O -not O -block O -either O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -or O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -morphine B-Chemical -upon O -intestinal O -motility O -were O -also O -diminished O -by O -ganglionic O -depolarizing O -agents O -such O -as O -nicotine B-Chemical -and O -DMPP O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -seem O -to O -confirm O -the O -hypothesis O -of O -a O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -mediator O -role O -in O -the O -intestinal O -contractile O -effect O -induced O -by O -the O -narcotic O -- O -analgesics O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclazocine O -also O -showed O -a O -long O -lasting O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -blocking O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -of O -the O -in O -vitro O -accumulation O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -that O -a O -state O -of O -rapid O -equilibrium O -was O -reached O -for O -subcellular O -particles O -from O -cortex O -, O -midbrain O -and O -hindbrain O -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -accumulation O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -by O -subcellular O -fractions O -in O -vitro O -may O -be O -associated O -with O -solubility O -in O -membranes O -and O -that O -the O -picture O -may O -be O -complicated O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -breakdown O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fact O -of O -influence O -of O -microsome O -protein O -activator O -( O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -) O -on O -the O -NM O -mutagen O -activation O -effect O -is O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -Lidocaine B-Chemical -or O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -are O -of O -little O -use O -, O -since O -the O -alkaline O -pH O -inside O -and O -outside O -heart O -muscle O -cells O -hampers O -drug O -distribution O -and O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Arrhythmias O -may O -develop O -if O -vagal O -restraint O -is O -lost O -, O -which O -is O -especially O -likely O -in O -patients O -with O -potassium B-Chemical -depletion O -. O - -aps B-category -Many O -tranquilizers O -, O -antihistaminics O -and O -antidepressants B-Chemical -, O -which O -are O -known O -to O -have O -the O -greatest O -number O -of O -adverse O -reactions O -in O -clinical O -use O -, O -had O -a O -lytic O -effect O -on O -the O -particle O -membranes O -at O -concentrations O -above O -2 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -. O -The O -present O -study O -revealed O -a O -good O -correlation O -between O -the O -p O -. O -o O -. O - -aps B-category -Shapes O -of O -the O -contractions O -induced O -by O -K O -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -AHc O -) O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -Ba O -consisted O -of O -the O -phasic O -contraction O -( O -PC O -) O -and O -the O -subsequent O -tonic O -contraction O -( O -TC O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -TCs O -by O -K O -, O -ACh O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -are O -maintained O -by O -the O -active O -influx O -of O -Ca O -, O -whereas O -that O -by O -Ba O -is O -maintained O -by O -the O -active O -influx O -and O -the O -release O -of O -Ca O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -the O -influence O -of O -high O -K O -- O -depolarizing O -bath O -solution O -on O -the O -relaxations O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -Iso O -) O -and O -papaverine B-Chemical -( O -Pap O -) O -and O -the O -effects O -of O -Iso O -and O -Pap O -on O -the O -shapes O -of O -contractions O -by O -K O -, O -ACh O -, O -Ba O -and O -exogenous O -Ca O -, O -the O -following O -assumptions O -were O -made O -: O -antispasmodic O -action O -of O -Iso O -is O -produced O -by O -inhibition O -of O -cell O -membrane O -( O -inhibition O -of O -release O -and O -influx O -of O -Ca O -) O -, O -whereas O -that O -by O -Pap O -is O -due O -to O -this O -inhibition O -followed O -by O -inhibition O -of O -the O -muscle O -contractile O -system O -with O -the O -increase O -of O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -DB O -inhibited O -to O -much O -the O -same O -degree O -the O -phasic O -contraction O -( O -PC O -) O -and O -tonic O -contraction O -( O -TC O -) O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -it O -inhibited O -TC O -in O -preference O -to O -PC O -induced O -by O -ACh O -, O -K O -and O -Ba O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -antagonism O -of O -DB O -and O -its O -irreversibility O -against O -histamine B-Chemical -may O -be O -due O -to O -blockade O -of O -the O -histaminergic O -receptor O -, O -whereas O -those O -against O -ACh O -, O -K O -and O -Ba O -may O -be O -due O -to O -inhibition O -of O -the O -Ca O -- O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Insulin O -( O -5 O -U O -/ O -kg O -) O -injected O -intravenously O -, O -simultaneously O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -14C I-Chemical -tracer O -, O -increased O -the O -amount O -of O -14C O -found O -in O -liver O -lipids O -at O -30 O -min O -after O -the O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -homogenate O -of O -chicken O -pituitaries O -added O -to O -the O -medium O -reduced O -lipid O -synthesis O -from O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -14C I-Chemical -by O -liver O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -on O -inducible O -enzymes O -of O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cortisol B-Chemical -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -transaminase O -is O -increased O -selectively O -over O -that O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -oxygenase O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -lithium B-Chemical -may O -alter O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolic O -set O -- O -point O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -tenfold O -molar O -excess O -of O -1 O -H O -- O -diazotetrazole O -( O -2 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -abolishes O -the O -catalytic O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -while O -modifying O -only O -two O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -) O -With O -a O -40 O -- O -fold O -molar O -excess O -of O -N O -- O -bromosuccinimide O -( O -8 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -0 O -, O -two O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -of O -the O -enzyme O -were O -oxidized O -with O -complete O -loss O -of O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -more O -drastic O -conditions O -, O -lysine O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -histidine O -residues O -are O -also O -modified O -by O -the O -reagents O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -the O -course O -of O -one O -perfusion O -, O -the O -rate O -of O -RNA O -release O -can O -be O -repeatedly O -altered O -by O -variation O -of O -temperature O -, O -acidity O -and O -concentrations O -of O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphates O -, O -complexing O -agents O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -and O -manganese O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -p O -- O -chloromercuribenzoate O -, O -after O -an O -initial O -stimulation O -, O -causes O -inhibition O -of O -RNA O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydroxylation O -at O -C O -- O -2 O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -5alpha O -- O -dihydrotestosterone O -is O -measured O -by O -isolation O -of O -HTO O -after O -incubating O -" O -metabolically O -labile O -" O -tritium O -labeled O -steroids B-Chemical -with O -the O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -loaded I-Chemical -, O -lysosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -further O -metabolism O -by O -epoxide O -hydratase O -does O -not O -lead B-Chemical -to O -produce O -contributing O -to O -the O -mutagenicity O -observed O -with O -the O -tester O -strain O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -has O -been O -made O -of O -the O -time O -courses O -of O -the O -pupillary O -and O -intraocular O -pressure O -responses O -of O -conscious O -rabbits O -to O -clonidine B-Chemical -administered O -either O -topically O -or O -intravenously O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -administration O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -caused O -an O -immediate O -and O -large O -decrease O -of O -intraocular O -pressure O -in O -both O -eyes O -. O - -aps B-category -Locally O -applied O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -, O -carbachol B-Chemical -, O -and O -oxotremorine O -gave O -concentration O -- O -related O -reduction O -in O -pressure O -, O -oxotremorine O -being O -the O -most O -potent O -and O -having O -longer O -duration O -of O -effect O -than O -the O -other O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -should O -be O -tried O -before O -resorting O -to O -steroid B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Significantly O -high O -pH O -and O -PO2 O -and O -significantly O -lower O -PCO2 O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -values O -were O -found O -in O -the O -excited O -deer O -, O -when O -compared O -with O -the O -unexcited O -deer O -. O - -aps B-category -Ammonia B-Chemical -toxicity O -in O -cattle O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -electron O -acceptor O -( O -phenazine O -or O -phenazinium O -compound O -) O -and O -an O -activator O -( O -ammonium B-Chemical -compound O -) O -, O -the O -crystallized O -enzyme O -catalyzed O -the O -oxidation O -of O -primary O -alcohols O -and O -formaldehyde O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -and O -spectral O -properties O -of O -the O -enzyme O -are O -also O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -isolated O -mutant O -strains O -( O -nit O -) O -of O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -that O -are O -defective O -in O -nitrogen B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -although O -they O -grow O -normally O -on O -high O -concentrations O -of O -ammonium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -( O -greater O -than O -1 O -mM O -) O -as O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -, O -they O -grow O -substantially O -more O -slowly O -than O -wild O -type O -at O -low O -concentrations O -( O -less O -than O -1 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -biochemical O -lesion O -in O -strains O -with O -a O -nit O -mutation O -is O -not O -known O -; O -however O -, O -mutant O -strains O -have O -no O -detectable O -alteration O -in O -the O -activities O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthetase O -, O -or O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -the O -enzymes O -known O -to O -be O -involved O -in O -assimilation O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Size O -and O -transforming O -activity O -of O -deoxyribonucleic O -acid O -in O -Diplococcus O -pneumoniae O -during O -thymidine B-Chemical -starvation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -in O -transforming O -activity O -of O -lysates O -from O -starved O -cells O -as O -a O -function O -of O -the O -size O -of O -DNA O -particles O -, O -measured O -by O -centrifugation O -in O -neutral O -and O -alkaline O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -, O -does O -not O -follow O -the O -kinetics O -observed O -after O -enzymatic O -degradation O -of O -DNA O -of O -unstarved O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbon O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -metabolism O -of O -Spirillum O -lipoferum O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -, O -galactose B-Chemical -, O -fructose O -, O -acetate O -, O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -did O -not O -increase O -the O -rate O -of O -O2 O -uptake O -by O -cells O -above O -the O -endogenous O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitrogenase O -synthesis O -repressed O -by O -growth O -of O -cells O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NH O -+ O -/ O -4 O -was O -derepressed O -by O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfoximine O -or O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -total O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -from O -N2 O -- O -grown O -S O -. O -lipoferum O -was O -1 O -. O -4 O -to O -2 O -. O -6 O -times O -that O -from O -NH O -+ O -/ O -4 O -- O -grown O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Loss O -of O -photosystem O -II O -by O -dark O -incubation O -, O -or O -inhibition O -of O -light O -- O -grown O -cells O -with O -the O -photosystem O -II O -- O -specific O -inhibitor O -dichlorophenylmethylurea O -, O -caused O -an O -80 O -to O -90 O -% O -reduction O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -lipid O -and O -total O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -, O -and O -more O -than O -a O -90 O -% O -reduction O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -protein O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -14C O -( O -from O -14CO2 O -and O -/ O -or O -[ O -14C O -] O -glucose B-Chemical -) O -assimilated O -into O -protein O -by O -heterotrophically O -grown O -cells O -was O -found O -in O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -nearly O -the O -same O -proportions O -as O -in O -photosynthetically O -grown O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -was O -higher O -in O -heterotrophic O -( O -dark O -) O -cells O -than O -in O -photosynthetic O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -cell O -extracts O -showed O -that O -the O -enzyme O -was O -very O -sensitive O -to O -product O -inhibition O -by O -reduced O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -subunit O -molecular O -weight O -of O -59 O -, O -000 O -was O -calculated O -from O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -gels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -photosynthetic O -bacterium O -Rhodopseudomonas O -capsulata O -lacks O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -normally O -uses O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -/ O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -sequence O -of O -reactions O -for O -assimilation O -of O -N2 O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -X O -- O -ray O -crystallographic O -studies O -show O -that O -O O -( O -6 O -) O -and O -O O -( O -3 O -) O -of O -GlcNAc O -at O -subsite O -C O -are O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bonded I-Chemical -to O -the O -indole O -NH O -' O -s O -of O -Trp O -62 O -and O -Trp O -63 O -, O -respectively O -, O -but O -the O -above O -results O -indicate O -that O -Trp O -63 O -, O -not O -Trp O -62 O -, O -is O -important O -for O -the O -interaction O -of O -GlcNAc O -with O -lysozyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -CD O -features O -completely O -disappeared O -on O -reduction O -of O -the O -disulfide O -groups O -, O -and O -converged O -into O -a O -single O -negative O -extremum O -at O -270 O -nm O -when O -the O -groups O -were O -modified O -to O -form O -mixed O -disulfides O -with O -glutathione B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -model O -study O -to O -investigate O -the O -binding O -mechanism O -between O -thyroid O -hormones O -and O -carrier O -protein O -, O -the O -interaction O -of O -diiodo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -( O -DIT O -) O -and O -triiodophenol O -( O -I3phi O -) O -with O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -( O -BSA O -) O -was O -investigated O -by O -circular O -dichroism O -( O -CD O -) O -and O -fluorescence O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -Angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -- O -converting O -enzyme O -[ O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -15 O -. O -1 O -] O -was O -rapidly O -and O -highly O -purified O -from O -a O -particulate O -fraction O -of O -hog O -kidney O -cortex O -with O -13 O -% O -yield O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -activated O -more O -by O -chloride B-Chemical -ions O -than O -by O -other O -halide O -ions O -tested O -, O -using O -Bz O -- O -Gly O -- O -Gly O -- O -Gly O -as O -a O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -l O -/ O -tau O -is O -dependent O -on O -BBA O -concentration O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -case O -of O -the O -alpha O -- O -chymotrypsin O -[ O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -21 O -. O -1 O -] O -- O -BBA O -system O -in O -which O -l O -/ O -tau O -is O -independent O -of O -BBA O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -studies O -have O -been O -made O -on O -the O -effects O -of O -diazoacetyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DL I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norleucine I-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -( O -DAN O -) O -, O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -epoxy O -- O -3 O -- O -( O -p O -- O -nitrophenoxy O -) O -propane O -( O -EPNP O -) O -and O -pepstatin O -on O -acid O -proteases O -, O -including O -those O -from O -Acrocylindrium O -sp O -. O -, O -Aspergillus O -niger O -, O -Aspergillus O -saitoi O -, O -Mucor O -pusillus O -, O -Paecilomyces O -varioti O -, O -Rhizopus O -chinensis O -, O -and O -Trametes O -sanguinea O -, O -and O -also O -porcine O -pepsin O -[ O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -23 O -. O -1 O -] O -and O -calf O -rennin O -[ O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -23 O -. O -4 O -] O -for O -comparative O -purposes O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -stimulatory O -effects O -of O -retinol O -derivatives O -on O -the O -esterase O -activity O -revealed O -that O -retinyl B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -was O -the O -most O -active O -, O -being O -sustantially O -similar O -in O -effect O -to O -retinol O -; O -retinal O -was O -fairly O -active O -, O -while O -retinoic O -acid O -, O -retinyl O -palmitate O -, O -and O -beta O -- O -ionone O -were O -far O -less O -active O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -smallest O -light O -chain O -of O -myosin O -, O -g3 O -, O -was O -not O -transferred O -from O -adult O -HMM O -to O -fetal O -myosin O -in O -alkali B-Chemical -( O -pH O -10 O -. O -5 O -) O -under O -conditions O -when O -the O -light O -chains O -dissociated O -from O -myosin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thyroid O -tumor O -enzyme O -, O -however O -, O -was O -less O -sensitive O -to O -the O -inhibition O -by O -ATP O -and O -by O -citrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -difference O -in O -citrate B-Chemical -inhibition O -between O -tumor O -and O -normal O -thyroid O -enzyme O -was O -not O -strongly O -affected O -by O -varying O -the O -MgCl2 O -concentration O -up O -to O -10 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -Partial O -purification O -and O -characterization O -of O -a O -triglyceride B-Chemical -lipase O -from O -pig O -adipose O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -enzyme O -was O -fully O -active O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -serum O -lipoprotein O -and O -was O -not O -stimulated O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -- O -dependent O -protein O -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -hydrolyzed O -triolein O -to O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -glycerol O -, O -and O -did O -not O -exhibit O -esterase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -regulation O -of O -chloroplast O -NADP O -- O -linked O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -preincubation O -with O -an O -effector O -( O -ATP O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -or O -Pi O -) O -the O -activity O -of O -forms O -a O -and O -c O -was O -unaffected O -, O -whereas O -the O -activity O -of O -b O -, O -the O -regulatory O -form O -, O -was O -increased O -10 O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -one O -of O -several O -compounds O -as O -a O -second O -effector O -( O -at O -a O -concentration O -which O -itself O -was O -nonactivating O -) O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -first O -effector O -enhanced O -activation O -by O -lowering O -the O -concentration O -of O -the O -first O -effector O -required O -for O -half O -- O -maximal O -activation O -( O -Pi O -constant O -/ O -ATP O -or O -NADPH B-Chemical -varied O -; O -ATP O -or O -NADPH B-Chemical -constant O -/ O -Pi O -varied O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Glyceraldehyde O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -added O -as O -a O -second O -effector O -induced O -contrasting O -changes O -: O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -ATP O -- O -mediated O -activation O -and O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -transition O -is O -accompanied O -by O -a O -40 O -- O -to O -50 O -- O -fold O -rise O -in O -the O -incorporation O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -acetate O -into O -triglyceride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -system O -from O -hamster O -kidney O -was O -purified O -severalfold O -by O -fractionation O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -and O -with O -an O -Ultrogel O -AcA O -- O -34 O -column O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -6 O -- O -lactyl O -- O -7 O -, O -8 O -- O -dihydropterin O -( O -sepiapterin O -) O -was O -converted O -to O -biopterin O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -sepiapterin O -was O -not O -detected O -from O -D O -- O -erythroH2neopterin O -- O -PPP O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylaminofluorene I-Chemical -( O -N O -- O -OH O -- O -2 O -- O -AAF O -) O -sulfotransferase O -is O -an O -enzyme O -that O -catalyzes O -the O -sulfate O -transfer O -from O -the O -active O -sulfate O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -phosphoadenosine O -5 O -' O -- O -phosphosulfate O -( O -PAPS O -) O -, O -to O -N O -- O -OH O -- O -2 O -- O -AAF O -to O -form O -a O -highly O -reactive O -product O -acetylaminofluorene O -N O -- O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -also O -very O -little O -sulfation O -activity O -toward O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -. O - -aps B-category -Thiol O -compounds O -were O -found O -to O -have O -a O -stabilizing O -effect O -and O -thiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -reagents O -were O -potent O -inhibitors O -for O -this O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -azido O -nucleosides B-Chemical -with O -iodo O -, O -bromo O -, O -chloro O -, O -or O -fluoro O -substituents O -in O -position O -5 O -neither O -protect O -nor O -sensitize O -thymidylate O -kinase O -to O -ultraviolet O -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -Photolysis O -of O -IAzdUrd O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -hydrogen B-Chemical -donor O -yields O -AzdUrd O -which O -upon O -further O -photolysis O -yields O -the O -photohydrate O -. O - -aps B-category -L4 O -for O -human O -fetal O -hemoglobin O -( O -HbF O -) O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffers O -was O -also O -determined O -and O -found O -to O -be O -pH O -- O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -homogeneous O -monophosphoglycerate O -mutase O -is O -given O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversion O -by O -the O -particulate O -enzyme O -was O -inhibited O -by O -benzamidine O -or O -chloroquine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -by O -pancreatic O -trypsin O -inhibitor O -, O -indicating O -its O -dissimilarity O -to O -trypsin O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -the O -thermal O -stability O -of O -rat O -liver O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphatase I-Chemical -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -9 O -) O -were O -carried O -out O -to O -further O -elevate O -the O -proposal O -that O -the O -enzymic O -activity O -is O -the O -result O -of O -the O -coupling O -of O -a O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -translocase O -and O -a O -nonspecific O -phosphohydrolase O -- O -phosphotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -Microsomes O -were O -exposed O -to O -inactivating O -conditions O -, O -and O -kinetic O -analyses O -were O -made O -of O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -phosphohydrolase O -activities O -before O -and O -after O -supplementation O -to O -0 O -. O -4 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -taurocholate O -. O - -aps B-category -Analyses O -of O -kinetic O -data O -obtained O -in O -the O -present O -and O -earlier O -studies O -revealed O -several O -fundamental O -mathematical O -relationships O -among O -the O -kinetic O -constants O -describing O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -phosphohydrolase O -activities O -of O -intact O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -well O -documented O -, O -differential O -responses O -of O -the O -rat O -liver O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphatase I-Chemical -system O -induced O -by O -starvation O -, O -experimental O -diabetes O -, O -or O -cortisol B-Chemical -administration O -were O -analyzed O -in O -terms O -of O -these O -relationships O -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -- O -induced O -phosphorylation O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphate O -bound O -to O -coupling O -factor O -1 O -in O -spinach O -chloroplast O -thylakoids O -. O - -aps B-category -Bound O -phosphate B-Chemical -serves O -as O -the O -phosphoryl O -donor O -for O -this O -uncoupler O -- O -insensitive O -conversion O -. O - -aps B-category -Breakdown O -potentials O -of O -annealed O -specimens O -were O -800 O -- O -950 O -mV O -( O -SCE O -) O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -previously O -reported O -values O -of O -approximately O -350 O -mV O -. O - -aps B-category -Slices O -from O -fasted O -animals O -were O -pulse O -labeled O -for O -3 O -min O -with O -L O -- O -[ O -3H O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Preferential O -secretion O -of O -old O -unlabeled O -exportable O -amylase O -was O -undiminished O -even O -when O -the O -chase O -period O -before O -addition O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -was O -extended O -to O -240 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -were O -also O -conducted O -on O -slices O -from O -glands O -which O -had O -been O -largely O -depleted O -of O -old O -granules O -by O -prior O -injection O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -into O -the O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Assembled O -PTP O -tubes O -resist O -dissociation O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -and O -brief O -exposures O -in O -media O -at O -extreme O -ends O -of O -the O -pH O -range O -; O -however O -, O -the O -tubes O -are O -reduced O -by O -mercaptoethanol O -and O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Entry O -of O -certain O -free O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -alpha O -aminoisobutyric O -acid O -( O -AIB O -) O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -and O -proline O -) O -, O -but O -not O -of O -leucine B-Chemical -into O -rat O -thymic O -lymphocytes O -increased O -progressively O -when O -the O -cells O -were O -incubated O -in O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -deficient O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -influenced O -the O -entry O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -and O -proline O -in O -the O -same O -fashion O -as O -that O -of O -AIB O -, O -but O -did O -not O -affect O -leucine B-Chemical -entry O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -alterations O -in O -pH O -modify O -entry O -and O -exodus O -of O -these O -same O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -profoundly O -affect O -the O -magnitude O -of O -time O -- O -released O -increases O -, O -and O -may O -induce O -fundamental O -changes O -in O -the O -mechanism O -( O -s O -) O -serving O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -were O -also O -grown O -under O -identical O -conditions O -and O -homogenized O -in O -0 O -. O -25 O -M O -sucrose B-Chemical -in O -order O -to O -allow O -comparison O -of O -some O -of O -the O -intracellular O -lysosomal O -hydrolases O -with O -their O -secreted O -counterparts O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurements O -were O -made O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -heat O -( O -10 O -minutes O -at O -66 O -degrees O -) O -and O -of O -a O -change O -in O -pH O -from O -4 O -. O -5 O -( O -standard O -assay O -condition O -) O -to O -6 O -. O -0 O -on O -the O -three O -acid O -phosphatases O -and O -two O -beta O -- O -N O -- O -acetylhexoseaminidase O -isoenzymes O -resolved O -by O -DEAE O -column O -chromatography O -of O -the O -secreted O -hydrolases O -and O -on O -these O -hydrolyases O -in O -the O -heavy O -and O -light O -lysosomal O -fractions O -on O -the O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -of O -the O -hybrids O -also O -showed O -increased O -levels O -of O -this O -enzyme O -after O -exposure O -to O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -high O -separating O -efficiency O -can O -be O -obtained O -with O -both O -aqueous O -and O -organic O -mobile O -phases O -and O -the O -retention O -is O -easily O -regulated O -by O -the O -nature O -and O -the O -concentration O -of O -the O -quaternary B-Chemical -ammonium I-Chemical -counter O -ion O -, O -present O -in O -the O -aqueous O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -for O -the O -analysis O -of O -organic O -acids O -and O -phenols B-Chemical -isolated O -from O -marijuana O -smoke O -condensate O -has O -been O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -sensitive O -and O -highly O -specific O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatographic O -method O -is O -described O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -esters O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -included O -acid O -production O -in O -peptone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -yeast I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -medium O -, O -production O -of O -n O -- O -butyric O -acid O -from O -peptone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -yeast I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -medium O -, O -esculin O -hydrolysis O -, O -starch O -hydrolysis O -, O -indole O -production O -, O -effect O -on O -milk O -, O -and O -lipase O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -strains O -had O -a O -minimal O -inhibitory O -concentration O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -of O -16 O -and O -32 O -U O -/ O -ml O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -mechanism O -of O -the O -metal O -ion O -promoted O -dephosphorylation O -of O -purine B-Chemical -nucleoside B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphates O -. O - -aps B-category -Tissue O -extracts O -were O -partially O -purified O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -fractionation O -followed O -by O -gel O -column O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Nevertheless O -, O -clam O -ganglion O -esterase O -is O -sifficiently O -active O -to O -hydrolyze O -the O -physiological O -substrate O -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Flocculation O -of O -untreated O -organisms O -of O -NCYC1005 O -and O -NCYC1063 O -, O -and O -of O -HF O -- O -treated O -organisms O -of O -all O -four O -strains O -, O -declined O -appreciably O -when O -they O -were O -washed O -in O -deionized O -water O -, O -with O -or O -without O -EDTA O -, O -and O -the O -flocculation O -was O -measured O -in O -deionized O -water O -instead O -of O -in O -0 O -- O -05 O -M B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -acetate O -containing O -Ca2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Organisms O -of O -all O -four O -strains O -bound O -fluorescein B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -conjugated I-Chemical -concanavalin O -A O -to O -the O -same O -extent O -after O -treatment O -with O -HF O -as O -before O -, O -but O -this O -treatment O -led O -to O -a O -greatly O -diminished O -binding O -of O -of O -fluorescein B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -conjugated I-Chemical -antiserum O -raised O -against O -organisms O -of O -strain O -NCYC366 O -. O - -aps B-category -Leptospira O -interrogans O -was O -completely O -immobilized O -in O -0 O -- O -5 O -M O -and O -1 O -- O -0 O -M B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sucrose I-Chemical -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -pH O -, O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -temperature O -on O -the O -autolytic O -process O -was O -studied O -in O -Na2HPO4 O -/ O -NaH2PO4 O -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -free O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -released O -during O -autolysis O -of O -these O -walls O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -lysine O -and O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -being O -in O -greatest O -quanitity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -inactivation O -can O -be O -measured O -by O -monitoring O -the O -decay O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -summated O -electrophysiological O -activity O -at O -the O -chorda O -tympani O -nerve O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NEM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -inactivation O -of O -the O -sucrose B-Chemical -and O -HCl O -responses O -were O -measured O -indirectly O -and O -found O -to O -be O -comparable O -to O -the O -NaCl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -inactivation O -rate O -, O -indicating O -the O -inhibited O -event O -is O -common O -to O -the O -transduction O -of O -the O -response O -for O -all O -of O -the O -stimuli O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -was O -tested O -on O -responses O -to O -micro O -- O -electrophoretically O -applied O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -in O -identified O -neurons O -of O -the O -marine O -gastropod O -Aplysia O -californica O -. O - -aps B-category -ACh O -- O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -responses I-Chemical -were O -slightly O -affected O -only O -by O -high O -concentrations O -after O -long O -lasting O -perfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Band O -II O -has O -been O -purified O -by O -preparative O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -( O -SDS O -) O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -fed O -either O -a O -stock O -deit O -or O -a O -purified O -diet O -based O -on O -casein O -were O -tested O -for O -their O -ability O -to O -convert O -75Se B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -selenite O -to O -volatile O -selenium B-Chemical -( O -dimethyl O -selenide O -) O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -minor O -differences O -in O -the O -levels O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -, O -nonspecific O -disulfide O -reducatse O -, O -and O -non O -- O -protein O -thiols B-Chemical -were O -observed O -in O -liver O -and O -kidney O -from O -rats O -fed O -the O -two O -diets O -. O - -aps B-category -Tumor O -incidence O -was O -studied O -in O -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dimethylhydrazine I-Chemical -( O -DMH O -) O -injected O -male O -rats O -assigned O -at O -weaning O -to O -isoenergetic O -casein O -- O -sucorse O -deits O -containing O -7 O -. O -5 O -% O -, O -15 O -% O -, O -or O -22 O -. O -5 O -% O -protein O -with O -or O -without O -2 O -. O -5 O -% O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -As O -dietary O -protein O -increased O -, O -cecal O -ammonia B-Chemical -concentrations O -rose O -while O -both O -colon O -and O -cecal O -pH O -dropped O -. O - -aps B-category -DMH O -- O -treated O -rats O -had O -significantly O -higher O -concentrations O -of O -colon O -and O -cecal O -ammonia B-Chemical -and O -lower O -blood O -cholesterol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -acidic O -and O -intestinal O -proteolytic O -environments O -on O -bovine O -milk O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -XO O -) O -activity O -were O -determined O -in O -order O -to O -evaluate O -the O -extent O -to O -which O -this O -enzyme O -was O -absorbed O -in O -biologically O -active O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -allopurinol B-Chemical -inhibited O -XO O -activity O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -large O -excess O -of O -dietary O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -did O -not O -reduce O -rat O -liver O -or O -intestinal O -XO O -activity O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -a O -platelet O -adhesive O -factor O -by O -disruption O -of O -the O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphokinase O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nature O -of O -this O -preparation O -of O -PAF O -was O -investigated O -by O -both O -biochemical O -and O -biophysical O -means O -, O -including O -ion O -exchange O -chromatography O -, O -electrophoresis O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -and O -analytical O -ultracentrifuge O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Anson O -( O -casein O -substrate O -) O -assay O -worked O -best O -in O -0 O -. O -05 O -M O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -studies O -with O -adenine O -, O -adenosine B-Chemical -and O -some O -phosphorylated O -derivatives O -on O -guinea O -- O -pig O -tracheal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -to O -adenosine B-Chemical -and O -the O -nucleotides O -, O -but O -not O -adenine O -, O -was O -potentiated O -by O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -trachea O -does O -not O -possess O -and O -a O -nucleotide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -receptor O -as O -has O -been O -postulated O -for O -some O -other O -smooth O -muscle O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -Interactions O -of O -bradykinin B-Chemical -, O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -, O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- O -triphosphate O -on O -the O -dry O -leakage O -response O -in O -rat O -skin O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -- O -5M O -) O -potentiated O -bradykinin B-Chemical -, O -PGE1 B-Chemical -and O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -ATP O -( O -10 O -- O -4M O -) O -potentiated O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -PGE1 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Surface O -tension O -measurements O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -increasing O -amounts O -of O -electrolyte O -indicated O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -apparent O -cmc O -with O -increase O -in O -electrolyte O -concentration O -for O -propantheline O -bromide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -not O -possible O -to O -detect O -a O -cmc O -for O -methantheline O -or O -propantheline O -bromide B-Chemical -from O -conductivity O -measurements O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stability O -constants O -for O -formation O -of O -complexes O -of O -salicylamide O -with O -caffeine B-Chemical -have O -been O -measured O -between O -15 O -and O -45degrees O -, O -by O -means O -of O -the O -solubility O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Tryptamine O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hypothermia O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -irritant O -properties O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -inhibitors O -in O -relation O -to O -their O -effects O -on O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -locomotor O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Tilorone O -hydrochloride O -: O -a O -non O -- O -steroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -agent O -devoid O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthetase O -inhibitory O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -developing O -in O -a O -patient O -treated O -with O -salmon B-Chemical -calcitonin I-Chemical -: O -evidence O -against O -a O -major O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -action O -of O -this O -hormone O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -is O -a O -substrate O -for O -both O -species O -of O -monoamine O -oxidase O -in O -beef O -heart O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -towards O -tyramine O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -tryptamine O -were O -also O -inhibited O -in O -a O -biphasic O -manner O -, O -but O -the O -apparent O -proportions O -of O -the O -two O -enzyme O -species O -active O -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -tryptamine O -depended O -on O -the O -inhibitor O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Bioanalysis O -of O -picomole O -amounts O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -by O -ion O -- O -pair O -partition O -chromatography O -applied O -to O -rat O -sciatic O -nerve O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -quantitative O -evaluation O -is O -made O -from O -the O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -peak O -in O -the O -chromatogram O -obtained O -by O -ultraviolet O -detection O -. O - -aps B-category -Livers O -of O -the O -rats O -which O -were O -given O -an O -acute O -dose O -of O -the O -drug O -synthesized O -more O -triacylglycerol B-Chemical -, O -phosphatidylcholine O -and O -phosphatidylethanolamine O -from O -[ O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -3H O -] O -glycerol O -and O -[ O -14C O -] O -palmitate O -than O -did O -those O -of O -control O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -various O -substances O -on O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -by O -guinea O -- O -pig O -chopped O -lung O -. O - -aps B-category -Thymoleptics O -, O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -and O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitors O -except O -phenelzine O -exhibited O -weak O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -N O -- O -oxidation O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -hyoscine B-Chemical -and O -the O -corresponding O -nor O -- O -alkaloids O -by O -guinea O -- O -pig O -liver O -microsomal O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -Separate O -incubations O -of O -guinea O -- O -pig O -liver O -microsomal O -preparations O -with O -nor B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -atropine I-Chemical -and O -nor B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hyoscine I-Chemical -yielded O -the O -corresponding O -hydroxylamines O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -microsomal O -N O -- O -oxidation O -of O -phentermine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -activities O -were O -obtained O -with O -microsomal O -( O -9000 O -g O -supernatant O -and O -microsomes O -) O -fractions O -of O -rabbit O -liver O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -NADPH B-Chemical -generating O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -known O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxidation I-Chemical -inhibitors O -showed O -that O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -is O -not O -involved O -in O -the O -incorporation O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -at O -the O -nitrogen B-Chemical -centre O -of O -Ia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dissolution O -properties O -of O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -PVP I-Chemical -10 O -000 O -mechanical O -mix O -and O -coprecipitate O -systems O -were O -qualitatively O -similar O -to O -those O -previously O -reported O -using O -hydroflumethiazide O -. O - -aps B-category -Compartmental O -analysis O -of O -plasma O -paracetamol B-Chemical -concentrations O -following O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -12 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -to O -normal O -subjects O -was O -performed O -using O -analogue O -and O -digital O -computer O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -Meso O -- O -dimercaptosuccinic O -acid O -a O -chelating O -agent O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -mercury O -and O -lead B-Chemical -poisoning O -. O - -aps B-category -Improved O -method O -for O -evaluating O -the O -inhibition O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -uptake O -by O -rat O -platelets O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemical O -aspects O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -allergy O -: O -mechanism O -of O -imidazole O -- O -catalysed O -penicilloylation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanisms O -of O -electron O -transport O -in O -ferredoxin O -molecules O -were O -found O -to O -be O -related O -to O -their O -sulfur B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iron I-Chemical -bonds O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -sulfur B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iron I-Chemical -dissociation O -process O -was O -found O -to O -be O -pH O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -Operating O -parameters O -are O -described O -for O -the O -qualitative O -and O -quantitative O -analysis O -of O -an O -isoniazid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyridoxine I-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -mixture O -by O -high O -- O -pressure O -liquid O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Simple O -and O -rapid O -determination O -of O -a O -new O -pharmaceutically O -active O -amine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -Samples O -are O -extracted O -with O -chloroform B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -complex O -is O -treated O -with O -0 O -. O -01 O -N O -NaOH B-Chemical -to O -convert O -it O -back O -to O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -salt B-Chemical -of O -bromthymol O -blue O -, O -which O -is O -then O -measured O -at O -615 O -nm O -in O -the O -aqueous O -layer O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -nonclassical O -behavior O -has O -been O -attributed O -, O -in O -part O -, O -to O -the O -fact O -that O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -, O -as O -a O -carbon B-Chemical -acid O -, O -undergoes O -noninstantaneous O -ionization O -kinetics O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -percent O -enol O -versus O -the O -diketo O -form O -of O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -acid O -as O -well O -as O -pKaenol O -and O -pKadiketo O -was O -kinetically O -calculated O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversion O -of O -cefamandole O -nafate O -to O -cefamandole O -sodium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrolysis O -was O -rapid O -upon O -the O -addition O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -carbonate O -or O -tromethamine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -initial O -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxide O -gel O -precipitate O -resulting O -from O -the O -reaction O -of O -aluminum B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -or O -aluminum B-Chemical -sulfate O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -is O -shown O -by O -potentiometric O -titration O -, O -chemical O -analysis O -, O -and O -the O -ratio O -of O -bound O -hydroxide O -to O -aluminum B-Chemical -to O -fit O -a O -polymer O -model O -described O -previously O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxide O -gel O -precipitated O -from O -aluminum B-Chemical -sulfate O -can O -be O -represented O -by O -the O -formula O -Al O -( O -OH O -) O -2 O -. O -30 O -( O -SO4 O -) O -0 O -. O -35 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aging O -of O -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxide O -gel O -prepared O -by O -the O -reaction O -of O -aluminum B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -and O -ammonium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -was O -studied O -by O -measurement O -of O -pH O -, O -acid O -- O -consuming O -capacity O -, O -hydroxide O -to O -aluminum B-Chemical -ratio O -, O -chloride B-Chemical -activity O -, O -and O -X O -- O -ray O -line O -broadening O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -sorbitol O -on O -the O -aging O -of O -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxide O -gel O -, O -prepared O -by O -the O -reaction O -of O -aluminum B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -solution O -with O -strong O -ammonia B-Chemical -solution O -to O -a O -final O -pH O -of O -7 O -. O -0 O -, O -was O -studied O -by O -potentiometric O -titration O -, O -acid O -- O -consuming O -capacity O -, O -pH O -, O -hydroxide O -to O -aluminum B-Chemical -ratio O -, O -chloride B-Chemical -activity O -, O -X O -- O -ray O -diffraction O -, O -and O -IR O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -and O -mechanisms O -of O -hydrolysis O -of O -1 O -, O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepines I-Chemical -I O -: O -chlordiazepoxide O -and O -demoxepam O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -assay O -is O -based O -on O -initial O -extraction O -from O -acidified O -plasma O -or O -urine O -into O -ether B-Chemical -, O -back O -- O -extraction O -into O -basic O -solution O -followed O -by O -acidification O -to O -about O -pH O -1 O -, O -and O -measurement O -of O -the O -fluorescence O -derived O -from O -the O -unionized O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ether B-Chemical -extract O -was O -separated O -by O -TLC O -to O -resolve O -the O -parent O -drug O -from O -any O -basic O -metabolites O -present O -, O -and O -the O -spots O -were O -eluted O -off O -the O -silica O -gel O -and O -quantitated O -fluorometrically O -in O -0 O -. O -1 O -N O -HCl O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -acid O -neutralization O -by O -an O -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxide O -gel O -prepared O -by O -the O -reaction O -of O -aluminum B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -solution O -and O -strong O -ammonia B-Chemical -solution O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -was O -infused O -intra O -- O -arterially O -( O -10 O -- O -40 O -mug O -/ O -min O -) O -into O -isolated O -blood O -perfused O -canine O -kidneys O -while O -functional O -and O -hemodynamic O -parameters O -were O -monitored O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fractional O -outer O -/ O -inner O -cortical O -blood O -flow O -changed O -from O -79 O -: O -21 O -before O -histamine B-Chemical -to O -74 O -: O -26 O -during O -its O -infusion O -( O -P O -less O -than O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -renal O -blood O -flow O -was O -held O -constant O -during O -the O -infusion O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -PP O -decreased O -from O -126 O -/ O -106 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -to O -100 O -/ O -81 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -mm O -Hg O -( O -P O -less O -than O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -at O -constant O -PP O -, O -CCr O -, O -V O -, O -UNaV O -, O -FENa O -, O -and O -FEH20 O -were O -decreased O -when O -histamine B-Chemical -infusion O -reduced O -the O -PP O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -vasodilatory O -responses O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -were O -observed O -in O -isolated O -blood O -perfused O -dog O -and O -cat O -kidneys O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -total O -of O -22 O -studies O -in O -the O -anesthetized O -dog O -, O -the O -renal O -clearnace O -of O -phenacetin B-Chemical -was O -measured O -over O -a O -range O -of O -plasma O -concentrations O -and O -at O -different O -urinary O -pH O -and O -rates O -of O -urine O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -tissue O -/ O -plasma O -concentration O -ratios O -for O -phenacetin B-Chemical -were O -essentially O -unity O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -, O -the O -major O -metabolite O -of O -phenacetin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Kp O -values O -obtain O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -Na O -+ O -were O -: O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -9 O -. O -60 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -9 O -) O -M O -( O -brain O -) O -, O -1 O -. O -66 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -( O -myenteric O -plexus O -) O -; O -loperamide O -, O -7 O -. O -20 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -9 O -) O -M O -( O -brain O -) O -, O -1 O -. O -33 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -( O -myenteric O -plexus O -) O -; O -naloxone B-Chemical -, O -4 O -. O -78 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -10 O -) O -M O -( O -brain O -) O -, O -1 O -. O -27 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -9 O -) O -M O -( O -myenteric O -plexus O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -( O -IC50 O -= O -7 O -. O -5 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -) O -and O -loperamide O -( O -IC50 O -= O -6 O -. O -9 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -9 O -) O -M O -) O -inhibited O -the O -electrically O -induced O -contractions O -of O -longitudinal O -muscle O -from O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileum O -, O -and O -naloxone B-Chemical -competitively O -antagonized O -these O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -anesthetixed O -dog O -, O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -100 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -loperamide O -( O -100 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -) O -enhanced O -the O -contractile O -activity O -of O -circular O -muscle O -in O -proximal O -and O -distal O -duodenum O -, O -distal O -ileum O -and O -proximal O -colon O -but O -duodenal O -longitudinal O -muscle O -was O -relaxed O -; O -these O -effects O -were O -completely O -reversed O -by O -subsequent O -administration O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -use O -of O -microperfusion O -techniques O -alone O -, O -it O -was O -found O -that O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -, O -L O -- O -3 O -- O -methoxy O -- O -4 O -- O -hydroxyphenylalanine O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -and O -L O -- O -phenylalanine O -rapidly O -disappeared O -from O -the O -perfusate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -reabsorption O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -was O -greatly O -reduced O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -L O -- O -phenylalanine O -in O -the O -perfusate O -, O -but O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -D O -- O -dopa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -net O -flux O -was O -much O -less O -than O -the O -efflux O -, O -suggesting O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -secretory O -or O -passive O -back O -flux O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -the O -reabsorption O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -in O -the O -proximal O -convoluted O -tubule O -is O -an O -active O -process O -with O -great O -structural O -specificity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -beta O -adrenergic O -potencies O -of O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norepinephrine I-Chemical -and O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isoproterenol I-Chemical -relative O -to O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -epinephrine I-Chemical -were O -determined O -by O -four O -- O -point O -bioassay O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -antagonism O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -darkening O -of O -phenoxybenzamine O -- O -pretreated O -skin O -samples O -by O -the O -beta O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -, O -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sotalol I-Chemical -, O -dl O -- O -practolol O -, O -l O -- O -butoxamine O -and O -d O -- O -butoxamine O -was O -studied O -, O -and O -their O -KB O -and O -pA2 O -values O -, O -respectively O -, O -were O -found O -to O -be O -: O -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -44 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -, O -7 O -. O -81 O -) O -; O -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sotalol I-Chemical -( O -7 O -. O -25 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -, O -7 O -. O -23 O -) O -; O -l O -- O -butoxamine O -( O -6 O -. O -92 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -, O -5 O -. O -10 O -) O -; O -dl O -- O -practolol O -( O -1 O -. O -91 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -, O -4 O -. O -96 O -) O -; O -d O -- O -butoxamine O -( O -no O -activity O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -levels O -of O -tyramine O -in O -brain O -were O -increased O -to O -a O -similar O -extent O -by O -injecting O -animals O -with O -a O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitor O -, O -pargyline O -, O -and O -a O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -inhibitor O -, O -FLA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -63 I-Chemical -; O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -pretreatment O -of O -animals O -with O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -para I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -, O -a O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -inhibitor O -, O -did O -not O -lead B-Chemical -to O -an O -increase O -in O -tyramine O -levels O -in O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -5500 O -( O -53 O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -) O -, O -isolated O -from O -the O -sea O -anemone O -, O -Anthopleura O -xanthogrammica O -( O -Brandt O -) O -, O -elicited O -a O -potent O -positive O -inotropic O -effect O -but O -without O -an O -accompanying O -chronotropic O -effect O -on O -the O -isolated O -cardiac O -muscles O -of O -rat O -, O -rabbit O -, O -guinea O -pig O -and O -cat O -. O - -aps B-category -AP O -- O -A O -increased O -the O -contractile O -force O -( O -cardiac O -output O -) O -and O -decreased O -atrial O -pressure O -in O -dog O -heart O -during O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -requirement O -to O -restore O -the O -contractile O -force O -was O -less O -in O -AP O -- O -A O -- O -treated O -than O -in O -ouabain B-Chemical -or O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -maximum O -effective O -concentration O -, O -AP O -- O -A O -did O -not O -inhibit O -Na O -+ O -, O -K O -+ O -- O -activated O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -, O -phosphodiesterase O -( O -high O -Km O -and O -low O -Km O -) O -and O -cyclic O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -monophosphate O -content O -of O -guinea O -- O -pig O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -pA2 O -values O -against O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -were O -determined O -for O -a O -number O -of O -cardioselective O -and O -noncardioselective O -beta O -adrenergic O -receptor O -blocking O -agents O -using O -human O -and O -guinea O -- O -pig O -isolated O -atrial O -and O -bronchial O -or O -tracheal O -preparations O -to O -study O -possible O -species O -differences O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -are O -the O -only O -two O -agents O -in O -the O -series O -that O -derive O -their O -cardioselectivities O -from O -specific O -nitrogen B-Chemical -substitutents O -. O - -aps B-category -Interactions O -between O -narcotic O -analgesics O -and O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -on O -behavior O -in O -the O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -- O -related O -stimulation O -of O -locomotor O -activity O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -was O -reduced O -by O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -oxazepam B-Chemical -at O -doses O -which O -alone O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -locomotor O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -observed O -decreases O -produced O -by O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -oxazepam B-Chemical -were O -comparable O -in O -magnitude O -to O -those O -produced O -by O -naloxone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dose O -- O -response O -curves O -for O -locomotor O -activity O -were O -also O -determined O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -methadone B-Chemical -administered O -intraventricularly O -. O - -aps B-category -decreased O -the O -stimulation O -of O -locomotor O -activity O -produced O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -but O -only O -naloxone B-Chemical -affected O -methadone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -locomotor O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -results O -on O -locomotor O -activity O -, O -neither O -of O -these O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -significantly O -modified O -the O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -or O -methadone B-Chemical -in O -either O -test O -for O -analgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -results O -demonstrate O -that O -prominent O -interactions O -occur O -between O -members O -of O -the O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -and O -narcotic O -analgesic O -classes O -; O -these O -interactions O -are O -dependent O -upon O -both O -the O -specific O -combination O -of O -drugs O -administered O -and O -upon O -the O -test O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -mice O -rendered O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -by O -pellet O -implantation O -for O -3 O -days O -, O -the O -administration O -of O -pargyline O -6 O -hours O -after O -pellet O -removal O -intensified O -narcotic O -abstinence O -behavior O -, O -particularly O -the O -narcotic O -withdrawal O -jumping O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -median O -effective O -dose O -( O -ED50 O -) O -of O -pargyline O -required O -to O -elicit O -withdrawal O -jumping O -in O -mice O -implanted O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -decreased O -with O -increasing O -physical O -dependence O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -other O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitors O -such O -as O -pheniprazine O -, O -iproiazid O -or O -tranylcypromine B-Chemical -failed O -to O -alter O -the O -indicence O -of O -jumping O -in O -dependent O -mice O -undergoind O -abrupt O -morphine B-Chemical -with O -drawal O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -the O -increased O -incidence O -of O -withdrawal O -jumping O -observed O -after O -pargyline O -in O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -mice O -is O -not O -related O -to O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibition O -but O -rather O -to O -a O -possible O -pargyline O -- O -induced O -decrease O -in O -dopaminergic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -para O -- O -aminosalicylate O -( O -sodium B-Chemical -salt B-Chemical -of O -2 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -4 O -- O -aminobenzoic O -acid O -, O -Na O -- O -PAS O -) O -lowers O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -normal O -adult O -human O -placental O -, O -heterozygous O -and O -homozygous O -sickle O -cell O -anemic O -whole O -blood O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -reduction O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -is O -related O -to O -the O -type O -of O -hemoglobin O -in O -the O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -actions O -of O -amylobarbitone O -, O -thiopentone B-Chemical -, O -methohexitone O -and O -methyprylone O -at O -voltage O -- O -clamped O -frog O -end O -- O -plates O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Conductance O -changes O -produced O -by O -bath O -applied O -agonists O -were O -depressed O -by O -thiopentone B-Chemical -, O -the O -effect O -becoming O -greater O -the O -higher O -the O -agonist O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -barbiturates O -large O -iontophoretic O -carbachol B-Chemical -applications O -produce O -conductance O -changes O -which O -show O -fast O -and O -slow O -components O -. O - -aps B-category -Tip O -localization O -was O -made O -by O -observation O -of O -effective O -resistance O -changes O -measured O -with O -double O -barrelled O -micro O -- O -electrodes O -upon O -passage O -of O -oil O -droplets O -, O -and O -by O -perfusion O -with O -choline B-Chemical -C1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Rountine O -daily O -analyses O -were O -made O -of O -blood O -gas O -tensions O -, O -pH O -and O -packed O -cell O -volume O -in O -foetal O -and O -maternal O -blood O -; O -plasma O -concentrations O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -fructose O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -urea B-Chemical -were O -also O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -differences O -between O -foetal O -and O -maternal O -blood O -or O -plasma O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -urea B-Chemical -and O -acetate O -were O -measured O -in O -fifteen O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -those O -animals O -with O -patent O -arterial O -and O -venous O -catheters O -, O -uterine O -and O -umbilical O -blood O -flows O -were O -measured O -together O -with O -the O -arteriovenous O -differences O -in O -02 O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -acetate O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -so O -that O -rates O -of O -foetal O -and O -uterine O -consumption O -could O -be O -estimated O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -amounts O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -which O -appeared O -to O -be O -produced O -by O -the O -uteroplacental O -tissue O -, O -were O -utilized O -by O -the O -foetus O -; O -the O -remainder O -passed O -into O -the O -uterine O -venous O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -emptying O -process O -, O -the O -gastric O -contents O -were O -aspirated O -and O -immediately O -re O -- O -instilled O -at O -10 O -min O -intervals O -, O -and O -the O -following O -parameters O -were O -recorded O -: O -volume O -, O -concentration O -of O -the O -organic O -anion O -, O -pH O -, O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -and O -osmolarity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -series O -of O -new O -sympathomimetic O -amines B-Chemical -containing O -an O -8 O -- O -hydroxycarbostyril O -moiety O -was O -synthesized O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -the O -compounds O -was O -24 O -000 O -times O -more O -potent O -than O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -divalent O -ions O -and O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Spherical O -bilayer O -membranes O -were O -composed O -of O -natural O -[ O -phosphatidylcholine O -( O -PC O -) O -and O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -( O -PS O -) O -] O -as O -well O -as O -synthetic O -( O -dipalmitoyl O -- O -PC O -, O -dimyristoyl O -- O -PC O -and O -dioleoyl O -- O -PC O -) O -phospholipids O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -isolated O -an O -ether B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -internal O -antigen O -and O -an O -ether B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -antigen O -previously O -described O -in O -relation O -to O -bovine O -leukemia O -virus O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -molecular O -weight O -, O -estimated O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -( O -SDS O -- O -PAGE O -) O -, O -was O -23 O -, O -000 O -( O -p23 O -) O -, O -and O -it O -gave O -a O -sedimentation O -value O -of O -2 O -. O -3s O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -of O -these O -[ O -45 O -, O -000 O -( O -gp45 O -) O -and O -55 O -, O -000 O -( O -gp55 O -) O -] O -were O -stained O -by O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Schiff I-Chemical -reagent O -. O - -aps B-category -Chloramphenicol O -partially O -inhibited O -the O -increase O -of O -GTase O -induced O -by O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylaminofluorene I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -monophosphate O -( O -cAMP B-Chemical -) O -may O -be O -one O -of O -the O -important O -factors O -in O -regulating O -the O -expression O -of O -many O -differentiated O -functions O -in O -neuroblastoma O -cells O -, O -but O -some O -of O -these O -functions O -can O -be O -induced O -by O -agents O -that O -do O -not O -increase O -the O -intracellular O -level O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroblastoma O -cells O -increased O -the O -level O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -proteins O -during O -differentiation O -, O -whereas O -glial O -cells O -and O -L O -- O -cells O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -cAMP B-Chemical -promoted O -the O -organization O -of O -microtubules O -and O -microfilaments O -necessary O -for O -the O -expression O -of O -differentiated O -phenotypes O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -hypothesis O -was O -offered O -: O -An O -increase O -in O -cAMP B-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -activity O -as O -a O -result O -of O -mutation O -in O -the O -regulatory O -gene O -for O -phosphodiesterase O -in O -a O -single O -, O -or O -group O -of O -, O -dividing O -nerve O -cell O -( O -s O -) O -is O -the O -primary O -lesion O -that O -leads O -to O -malignancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -neuroblastoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -pathways O -were O -presented O -showing O -how O -the O -major O -urinary O -metabolites O -3 O -- O -methoxy O -- O -4 O -- O -hydroxymandelic O -acid O -( O -VMA O -) O -and O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenylacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -HVA O -) O -are O -formed O -from O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -from O -dopamine B-Chemical -plus O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydroxyphenylalanine O -( O -DOPA O -) O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Review O -of O -the O -results O -of O -tracer O -studies O -aimed O -at O -elucidating O -the O -in O -vivo O -metabolic O -origins O -of O -the O -urinary O -metabolites O -suggested O -that O -a O -) O -in O -neuroblastoma O -, O -the O -catecholamines B-Chemical -were O -largely O -inactivated O -by O -intracellular O -metabolism O -in O -the O -tumor O -cells O -; O -b O -) O -there O -was O -excess O -production O -and O -excretion O -of O -the O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -precursors O -, O -DOPA O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -; O -and O -c O -) O -in O -the O -tumors O -of O -most O -neuroblastoma O -patients O -, O -the O -initial O -enzyme O -in O -catecholamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -, O -had O -an O -activity O -comparable O -with O -that O -in O -normal O -adrenal O -glands O -. O - -aps B-category -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -and O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -had O -identical O -effects O -on O -both O -the O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -spores O -. O - -aps B-category -49 O -] O -obtained O -from O -spores O -of O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -PCI O -219 O -strain O -was O -partially O -purified O -by O -filtration O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -fractionation O -and O -chromatography O -on O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -A O -- O -25 O -( O -about O -54 O -- O -fold O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inactive O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -obtained O -from O -the O -spores O -heated O -at O -85 O -C O -for O -30 O -min O -was O -not O -reactivated O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -ethylenediaminetetraacetic O -acid O -, O -dipicolinic O -acid O -or O -some O -salts O -unlike O -inactive O -glucose B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -phenacetin B-Chemical -( O -100 O -, O -150 O -, O -200 O -, O -250 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -and O -other O -antipyretic O -analgesics O -were O -active O -in O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -doses O -indicating O -that O -this O -technique O -is O -sensitive O -to O -the O -narcotic O -antagonist O -and O -to O -the O -weak O -analgesics O -as O -well O -as O -to O -the O -narcotic O -analgesics O -as O -well O -as O -to O -the O -narcotic O -analgesics O -such O -as O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -, O -5 O -, O -10 O -, O -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -and O -pethidine B-Chemical -( O -5 O -, O -10 O -, O -15 O -, O -20 O -, O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -competitive O -antagonism O -between O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -ISO O -) O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -Prop O -) O -was O -influenced O -by O -the O -functional O -antagonism O -between O -ISO O -and O -spasmogens O -( O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -carbachol B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -materials O -mentioned O -above O -are O -reextracted O -from O -an O -ether B-Chemical -solution O -by O -2 O -N O -sodium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -and O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -- O -- O -a O -progress O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -secretion O -stimulated O -by O -gastrin O -or O -pentagastrin O -is O -also O -inhibited O -by O -these O -drugs O -, O -but O -there O -is O -disagreement O -about O -the O -effects O -of O -these O -drugs O -on O -acid O -secretion O -resulting O -from O -activation O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -respect O -to O -the O -antimicrobial O -activity O -and O -the O -quality O -of O -reclaimed O -water O -formalin B-Chemical -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -was O -selected O -as O -the O -best O -conserver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -and O -characterization O -of O -water O -- O -soluble O -random O -copolymers O -containing O -L O -- O -lysine O -with O -N5 O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -hydroxybutyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -thermally O -induced O -helix O -- O -coil O -transitions O -of O -these O -copolymers O -in O -water O -, O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -increasing O -evidence O -that O -certain O -orally O -administered O -nitrates B-Chemical -at O -larger O -than O -usual O -dosage O -can O -further O -increase O -the O -tolerance O -to O -effort O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -effects O -were O -observed O -when O -biologic O -activity O -was O -measured O -by O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ketoglutarate I-Chemical -transaminase O -in O -a O -cultured O -liver O -cell O -system O -where O -significant O -activity O -of O -triacetyl O -insulin O -was O -found O -at O -concentrations O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -9 O -) O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -. O -In O -all O -systems O -tested O -, O -the O -activity O -of O -triacetylated O -insulin O -could O -not O -be O -accounted O -for O -by O -deacetylation O -and O -conversion O -to O -native O -insulin O -. O - -aps B-category -Infusion O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -hydrochloride O -in O -infants O -and O -children O -( O -ages O -ranging O -from O -1 O -day O -to O -12 O -yr O -) O -at O -a O -dosage O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -g O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -resulted O -in O -a O -dramatic O -increase O -in O -the O -arginine O -plasma O -concentration O -, O -with O -highest O -values O -of O -approximately O -7 O -mmole O -/ O -liter O -immediately O -after O -the O -end O -of O -the O -infusion O -; O -120 O -min O -later O -the O -mean O -plasma O -level O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -had O -decreased O -to O -mean O -values O -of O -1 O -mmole O -/ O -liter O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -expressed O -on O -a O -molar O -basis O -, O -arginine O -administration O -resulted O -in O -an O -almost O -stoichiometric O -rise O -in O -urinary O -urea B-Chemical -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -gas O -analyses O -and O -serum O -urea B-Chemical -and O -blood O -ammonia B-Chemical -concentrations O -determined O -after O -the O -load O -showed O -no O -significant O -deviations O -from O -preinfusion O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -buffers O -on O -photosynthetic O -oxygen B-Chemical -evolution O -in O -the O -blue O -- O -green O -alga O -, O -Agmenellum O -quadruplicatum O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -rates O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -evolution O -were O -obtained O -in O -the O -growth O -medium O -and O -N O -- O -tris O -( O -hydroxymethyl O -) O -- O -methylglycine O -( O -Tricine O -) O -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -incubation O -- O -rinsing O -procedure O -caused O -inhibition O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -evolution O -in O -TES O -, O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -and O -Tris O -by O -50 O -to O -100 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Bezoquinone O -- O -supported O -oxygen B-Chemical -evolution O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -rinsing O -with O -any O -buffer O -tested O -except O -Tris O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -interpreted O -our O -results O -to O -mean O -that O -, O -in O -Agmenellum O -quadruplicatum O -, O -inhibition O -of O -photosynthetic O -oxygen B-Chemical -evolution O -by O -Tris O -occurs O -at O -the O -level O -of O -photosystem O -2 O -while O -the O -effects O -of O -TES O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -are O -on O -electron O -- O -transport O -occurring O -after O -the O -rate O -- O -limiting O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Trials O -are O -in O -process O -with O -an O -analogue O -, O -cimetidine B-Chemical -( O -Tagamet O -, O -SKF O -) O -, O -which O -has O -a O -different O -chemical O -structure O -from O -metiamide O -and O -has O -not O -caused O -haematological O -changes O -in O -animals O -or O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Double O -- O -blind O -test O -with O -a O -new O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivative O -( O -camazepam O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -control O -of O -rat O -neostriatal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -revealed O -by O -intranigral O -muscimol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -specificity O -and O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -m B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -in O -antagonizing O -the O -central O -effects O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -monooxygenase I-Chemical -in O -superior O -cervical O -ganglia O -after O -axotomy O -of O -postganglionic O -nerves O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -234 O -oxytocin B-Chemical -challenge O -tests O -( O -OCT O -) O -were O -performed O -on O -100 O -high O -- O -risk O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -materials O -were O -gold B-Chemical -alloys O -but O -with O -different O -contents O -of O -Pt O -, O -Ag O -and O -Zn O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -A O -comparative O -study O -of O -free O -isoniazid B-Chemical -levels O -in O -the O -serum O -by O -microbiological O -estimation O -and O -a O -new O -chemical O -method O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -monoamines B-Chemical -in O -the O -control O -of O -pituitary O -hormone O -functions O -depends O -narrowly O -on O -pharmacological O -methods O -intervening O -either O -in O -the O -synthesis O -of O -neuroamines O -or O -in O -their O -action O -on O -a O -specific O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Lysosomal O -acid O -lipase O -( O -LAL O -) O -activity O -was O -measured O -using O -a O -new O -fluorometric O -assay O -in O -cultured O -skin O -fibroblasts O -from O -eight O -control O -subjects O -, O -two O -obligate O -heterozygotes O -for O -Wolman O -' O -s O -disease O -( O -WD O -) O -, O -one O -patient O -with O -WD O -, O -and O -one O -patient O -with O -cholesteryl B-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -storage O -disease O -( O -CESD O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Ca O -current O -was O -analyzed O -( O -a O -) O -by O -measuring O -the O -upstroke O -velocity O -of O -Ca O -- O -mediated O -action O -potentials O -and O -( O -b O -) O -in O -voltage O -clamp O -experiments O -using O -the O -double O -sucrose B-Chemical -gap O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -positive O -- O -inotropic O -effect O -of O -2 O -mg O -/ O -l O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -was O -more O -pronounced O -, O -whilst O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -Ca O -inward O -current O -towards O -this O -beta O -- O -stimulating O -compound O -remained O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -isotope O -renography O -on O -urinary O -gamma O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -( O -GGTP O -) O -and O -leucine B-Chemical -arylamidase O -( O -LAP O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -- O -beta O -, O -gamma O -- O -epoxyproplderivatives O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -( O -Th O -) O -or O -theobromine O -( O -Tb O -) O -with O -piperazine B-Chemical -and O -N O -- O -monoalkyl O -or O -monoarylpiperazines O -the O -corresponding O -7 O -- O -resp O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -aqueous O -solution O -N O -- O -pyrrolidinomethyltetracycline O -( O -PTC O -) O -undergoes O -decomposition O -into O -tetracycline B-Chemical -, O -epitetracylcine O -, O -anhydroepitetracycline O -and O -ynhydrotetracycline O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -disabling O -angina O -persists O -despite O -medical O -management O -and O -there O -is O -no O -contraindication O -, O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -propranolol B-Chemical -should O -be O -tried O -before O -coronary O -artery O -surgery O -is O -considered O -. O - -aps B-category -Digitalis B-Chemical -may O -be O -beneficial O -in O -patients O -with O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -or O -with O -cardiac O -arrhythmias O -responsive O -to O -digitalis B-Chemical -and O -in O -some O -patients O -with O -radiographic O -evidence O -of O -left O -ventricular O -enlargement O -or O -with O -nocturnal O -angina O -resulting O -from O -increased O -left O -ventricular O -end O -- O -diastolic O -volume O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -an O -initial O -dose O -response O -study O -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -selective O -beta1 O -- O -receptor O -blocking O -agent O -, O -was O -compared O -with O -equipotent O -dosages O -of O -propanolol B-Chemical -in O -a O -double O -blind O -cross O -- O -over O -study O -, O -including O -exercise O -tolerance O -tests O -, O -on O -fourteen O -patients O -with O -angina O -pectoris O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -performed O -8 O -% O -more O -total O -work O -on O -metoprolol B-Chemical -with O -15 O -% O -more O -work O -recorded O -up O -to O -the O -onset O -of O -S O -- O -T O -depression O -, O -in O -comparison O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Metoprolol B-Chemical -was O -shown O -to O -be O -an O -effective O -anti O -- O -anginal O -compound O -with O -good O -tolerance O -and O -safety O -, O -with O -gradual O -improvement O -in O -underlying O -myocardial O -ischaemia O -during O -long O -term O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -enzymic O -preparation O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -and O -L O -- O -asparagine O -deamidase O -was O -obtained O -from O -Pseudomonas O -auractiaca O -IBPM O -B O -- O -14 O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -cyclic O -GMP O -accumulation O -in O -the O -rat O -pineal O -: O -apparent O -presynaptic O -site O -of O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isoproterenol I-Chemical -was O -more O -potent O -than O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norepinephrine I-Chemical -it O -had O -less O -intrinsic O -activity O -and O -its O -action O -was O -not O -stereospecifc O -. O - -aps B-category -Ouabain O -and O -high O -levels O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -produced O -a O -marked O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -increase O -in O -pineal O -cGMP B-Chemical -, O -without O -affecting O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Surgical O -denervation O -markedly O -reduced O -the O -cGMP B-Chemical -response O -to O -stimulation O -by O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norepinephrine I-Chemical -, O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -or O -ouabain B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nonspecific O -increase O -in O -cGMP B-Chemical -caused O -by O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isoproterenol I-Chemical -, O -however O -, O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -denervation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -mechanisms O -regulating O -pineal O -cGMP B-Chemical -appear O -to O -be O -physiologically O -distinct O -from O -those O -regulating O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -During O -post O -- O -natal O -ontogeny O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -[ O -tyrosine B-Chemical -3 O -- O -monooxygenase O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -, O -tetrahydropteridine O -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -( O -3 O -- O -hydroxylating O -) O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -14 O -. O -16 O -. O -2 O -] O -activity O -increased O -60 O -- O -fold O -, O -while O -total O -protein O -rose O -10 O -- O -fold O -in O -the O -ganglion O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -spinal O -transection O -did O -not O -alter O -the O -ontogeny O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -the O -superior O -cervical O -ganglion O -, O -which O -derives O -its O -innervation O -from O -spinal O -segments O -rostral O -to O -the O -surgical O -lesion O -. O - -aps B-category -Thyrotropin O -( O -10 O -muM O -) O -inhibited O -the O -antiviral O -activity O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -also O -no O -inhibition O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -action O -in O -cells O -washed O -with O -medium O -between O -incubations O -with O -TSH O -and O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Mouse O -interferon B-Chemical -inhibited O -125I O -- O -labeled O -TSH O -binding O -to O -L O -- O -cell O -plasma O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -10 O -- O -fold O -higher O -concentration O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -was O -required O -to O -inhibit O -125I O -- O -labeled O -TSH O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interferon B-Chemical -interaction O -with O -cell O -membranes O -was O -temperature O -- O -sensitive O -. O - -aps B-category -Mouse O -interferon B-Chemical -induced O -similar O -changes O -in O -plasma O -membranes O -of O -human O -KB O -- O -3 O -cells O -, O -which O -are O -insensitive O -to O -both O -human O -and O -mouse O -interferons O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -lack O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -seemed O -to O -be O -a O -major O -factor O -. O - -aps B-category -Amphetamine B-Chemical -overcomes O -the O -amnesia O -caused O -by O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -( O -CXM O -) O -provided O -it O -is O -administered O -closely O -following O -the O -learning O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -methoxamine B-Chemical -( O -an O -alpha O -adrenergic O -stimulant O -) O -and O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -( O -a O -beta O -adrenergic O -stimulant O -) O -each O -mimic O -the O -amphetamine B-Chemical -effect O -in O -CXM O -- O -pretreated O -chickens O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -suggested O -that O -this O -labile O -memory O -trace O -depends O -on O -the O -functioning O -of O -a O -sodium B-Chemical -pump O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -series O -of O -studies O -on O -the O -pharmacokinetic O -and O -pharmacodynamic O -properties O -of O -some O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -is O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -differ O -in O -their O -capacity O -to O -inhibit O -transmitter O -uptake O -into O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -neurons O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -levels O -of O -the O -serotonin B-Chemical -metabolite O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -were O -bimodally O -distributed O -in O -CSF O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -patients O -seemed O -to O -be O -less O -amenable O -to O -treatment O -with O -nortriptyline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -antidepressant B-Chemical -drugs O -, O -e O -. O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -different O -classes O -of O -antidepressant B-Chemical -agents O -in O -general O -appear O -to O -potentiate O -each O -other O -' O -s O -actions O -, O -according O -to O -animal O -data O -and O -clinical O -observations O -. O - -aps B-category -Critical O -study O -of O -the O -use O -of O -long O -acting O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -( O -depot O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -) O -in O -France O -. O - -aps B-category -represent O -11 O -% O -of O -the O -medical O -prescription O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -France O -( O -about O -40 O -, O -000 O -patients O -in O -1974 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -over O -the O -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -Standard O -has O -received O -no O -experimental O -confirmation O -in O -France O -, O -but O -the O -L O -. O -A O -. O -N O -. O - -aps B-category -Laser O -flash O -photolysis O -of O -eosin B-Chemical -and O -its O -complex O -with O -lysozyme O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -electrical O -potential O -develops O -between O -the O -ends O -of O -a O -column O -of O -hyaluronic O -salt B-Chemical -solution O -displaced O -from O -a O -resting O -position O -by O -gentle O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -seem O -consistent O -with O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -hyaluronic O -acid O -salt B-Chemical -, O -when O -strained O -, O -adopts O -a O -less O -entropic O -configuration O -, O -releasing O -bound O -water O -and O -thus O -increasing O -the O -entropy O -of O -water O -component O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -may O -mask O -clinical O -progression O -of O -the O -intestinal O -lesion O -, O -radiologic O -evaluation O -is O -essential O -in O -the O -overall O -management O -of O -the O -patient O -with O -intestinal O -vasculitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptics B-Chemical -produce O -blockade O -of O -post O -- O -synaptic O -dopaminergic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Tardive O -dyskinesia O -occurs O -when O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -are O -discontinued O -, O -and O -is O -regarded O -as O -a O -manifestation O -of O -super O -- O -sensitive O -post O -- O -synaptic O -dopaminergic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -system O -which O -synthesizes O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -and O -thromboxanes O -in O -extracts O -of O -washed O -human O -platelets O -has O -been O -characterized O -with O -respect O -to O -kinetic O -parameters O -, O -pH O -and O -cofactor O -dependence O -, O -and O -inhibitor O -potencies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -can O -be O -applied O -to O -different O -cells O -and O -different O -conditions O -of O -assay O -calibrating O -in O -each O -case O -the O -pH O -range O -, O -cell O -concentration O -range O -and O -the O -ratio O -of O -delta O -protons O -to O -delta O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -NADPH B-Chemical -dependent O -lipid O -peroxidation O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -bound O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Malonic O -dialdehyde O -production O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -bound O -microsomes O -is O -equivalent O -to O -that O -attained O -by O -microsomes O -prepared O -by O -ultracentrifugation O -. O - -aps B-category -Molecular O -complexes O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -, O -its O -active O -metabolites O -and O -some O -other O -stimulants O -with O -thiamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -dextrococaine O -, O -nicotine B-Chemical -, O -caffeine B-Chemical -and O -p O -- O -hydroxy O -norephedrine O -formed O -molecular O -complexes O -with O -thiamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cell O -compartment O -was O -modeled O -as O -a O -closed O -volume O -of O -ternary O -buffer O -solution O -, O -containing O -protein O -imidazole O -( O -50 O -mM O -/ O -1 O -) O -; O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -15 O -mM O -/ O -1 O -) O -and O -CO2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -buffer O -components O -, O -permeable O -only O -to O -CO2 O -and O -permitted O -no O -change O -in O -buffer O -base O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -two O -minutes O -after O -an O -increasement O -in O -the O -CO2 O -tension O -of O -the O -inspired O -air O -of O -rats O -, O -there O -were O -large O -increases O -in O -the O -intracellular O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentrations O -of O -both O -cardiac O -and O -skeletal O -muscles O -. O - -aps B-category -Yet O -, O -the O -buffer O -capacity O -of O -the O -heart O -was O -not O -compromised O -by O -metabolic O -acidosis O -during O -which O -there O -was O -a O -greatly O -reduced O -extracellular O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -and O -a O -greatly O -increased O -extracellular O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -hours O -after O -the O -hepatectomy O -there O -was O -a O -fall O -in O -tissue O -glutamate B-Chemical -content O -but O -no O -change O -in O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -calorimetric O -results O -are O -in O -qualitative O -agreement O -with O -previous O -reports O -of O -other O -investigators O -concerning O -the O -stimulating O -effect O -of O -methylene O -blue O -and O -the O -influence O -of O -pH O -on O -the O -pentose B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -infusion O -( O -100 O -mg O -h O -- O -1 O -) O -reduced O -the O -acid O -secretory O -response O -to O -insulin O -infusion O -( O -0 O -. O -03 O -units O -Kg O -- O -1h O -- O -1 O -) O -when O -compared O -to O -paired O -control O -tests O -in O -6 O -healthy O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -also O -reduced O -the O -acid O -secretory O -response O -when O -administered O -after O -90 O -minutes O -of O -insulin O -had O -established O -a O -secretory O -response O -in O -extended O -tests O -in O -3 O -additional O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -3 O -weeks O -of O -gastric O -hypersecretion O -the O -pancreatic O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -response O -to O -exogenous O -secretin O -was O -unchanged O -, O -while O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -response O -to O -duodenal O -acidification O -was O -decreased O -from O -2 O -. O -03 O -mEq O -/ O -30 O -min O -to O -1 O -. O -27 O -mEq O -/ O -30 O -min O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -compatible O -with O -an O -impaired O -secretin O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -these O -show O -that O -zinc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -DPI O -molecules O -probably O -exist O -as O -monomers O -in O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Enkephalin O -, O -applied O -microiontophoretically O -, O -depressed O -spontaneous O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -firing O -of O -single O -neurons O -in O -frontal O -cortex O -, O -caudate O -nucleus O -, O -and O -periaqueductal O -gray O -matter O -, O -where O -enkephalin O -and O -high O -concentrations O -of O -opiate O -receptors O -are O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -- O -Adrenergic O -receptor O -involvement O -in O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -supersensitivity O -in O -rat O -cerebral O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -changes O -in O -the O -density O -of O -adrenergic O -receptors O -are O -involved O -in O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -supersensitivity O -at O -central O -noradrenergic O -synapses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -choline B-Chemical -in O -doses O -previously O -shown O -to O -elevate O -brain O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -concentrations O -also O -increases O -the O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -rat O -caudate O -nuclei O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -indicate O -that O -choline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -increases O -in O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -concentrations O -may O -be O -associated O -with O -parallel O -changes O -in O -the O -amount O -of O -the O -neurotransmitter O -released O -into O -synapses O -. O - -aps B-category -According O -to O -our O -results O -, O -rates O -of O -crosslinking O -of O -, O -and O -of O -MDC O -incorporation O -into O -, O -both O -gamma O -- O -and O -alpha O -- O -chains O -of O -fibrinogen O -were O -low O -under O -physiological O -conditions O -; O -they O -were O -not O -significantly O -influenced O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -either O -1 O -. O -0 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -or O -1 O -. O -0 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rapid O -second O -wave O -of O -LTI O -could O -be O -produced O -by O -direct O -interaction O -of O -thrombin O -- O -treated O -platelets O -or O -inert O -particles O -with O -polymerizing O -fibrin O -, O -and O -was O -inhibited O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -sulfite O -and O -low O -pH O -of O -5 O -. O -1 O -which O -prevent O -fibrin O -monomer O -polymerization O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -dextran B-Chemical -on O -clotting O -time O -: O -steric O -exclusion O -accelerates O -fibrin O -monomer O -polymerisation O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -of O -the O -grafted O -cells O -with O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -, O -which O -abolishes O -the O -cells O -' O -capacity O -for O -DNA O -synthesis O -and O -proliferation O -, O -also O -eliminates O -their O -capacity O -to O -cause O -splenomegaly O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -optimum O -of O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -phosphidiesterase O -was O -found O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -was O -estimated O -to O -be O -about O -40 O -000 O -by O -gel O -filtration O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracellular O -pH O -should O -be O -regarded O -as O -a O -mean O -activity O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -which O -is O -the O -sum O -of O -activities O -in O -different O -phases O -of O -a O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -stability O -is O -ensured O -by O -a O -number O -of O -regulatory O -mechanism O -: O -the O -buffer O -properties O -of O -the O -protoplasm O -itself O -, O -and O -the O -active O -hydrogen B-Chemical -transport O -into O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -functions O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -peptidases O -and O -transpeptidase O -of O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -metabolism O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -compounds O -of O -the O -type O -of O -peptides O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -and O -their O -amides O -, O -are O -discussed O -in O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Sleep O -occurred O -first O -after O -the O -application O -of O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -( O -sooner O -in O -younger O -age O -groups O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -of O -sleep O -had O -the O -longest O -duration O -after O -allobarbital O -( O -only O -in O -the O -eight O -- O -week O -- O -old O -sleep O -was O -longer O -after O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -the O -shortest O -after O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -; O -there O -were O -also O -differences O -in O -the O -duration O -of O -sleep O -between O -the O -age O -groups O -of O -birds O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Whole O -- O -body O -plethysmographic O -studies O -on O -the O -bronchospasmolytic O -effect O -of O -2 O -antiasthmatic O -drug O -combinations O -and O -ipratropium B-Chemical -bromide I-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenobarbital B-Chemical -increases O -both O -formation O -and O -hydration O -of O -styrene O -epoxide O -; O -and O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -increase O -the O -hydration O -but O -not O -the O -formation O -of O -styrene O -epoxide O -; O -a O -steroid B-Chemical -contraceptive O -combination O -( O -lynestrenol O -+ O -mestranol O -) O -increases O -styrene O -epoxide O -formation O -while O -it O -inhibits O -epoxide O -hydrase O -; O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -does O -not O -affect O -either O -of O -the O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Metronidazole B-Chemical -( O -Flagyl O -) O -: O -degradation O -by O -the O -intestinal O -flora O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -the O -drug O -is O -inhibited O -by O -boiling O -of O -the O -caecal O -contents O -, O -CHCl3 B-Chemical -, O -Cu2 O -+ O -, O -Ag O -+ O -, O -azodicarboxylic O -acid O -bis O -- O -dimethylamide O -, O -p O -- O -chloromercuric O -benzoate O -, O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -and O -4 O -, O -4 O -, O -4 O -- O -trifluoro O -- O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -thienyl O -- O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -butanedione O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulphur I-Chemical -systems O -are O -involved O -in O -degradation O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -sharp O -increase O -in O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidation O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -then O -coincides O -with O -an O -abrupt O -loss O -of O -hydroxylamine O -from O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Antisera O -to O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -markedly O -decreased O -hydroxylamine O -accumulation O -during O -incubation O -but O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -rate O -of O -2 O -- O -naphthylamine O -N O -- O -oxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -Heart O -rate O -, O -blood O -pressure O -, O -O2 O -intake O -, O -CO2 O -elimination O -, O -respiration O -rate O -, O -respiratory O -volume O -per O -minute O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -pCO2 O -, O -base O -excess O -and O -pH O -were O -measured O -at O -rest O -and O -under O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -pregnant O -women O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -is O -significantly O -higher O -( O -26 O -% O -) O -during O -work O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -metabisulfite O -as O -a O -preservative O -for O -silage O -produced O -from O -maize O -plants O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -glucose B-Chemical -load O -and O -its O -possible O -therapeutical O -efficiency O -in O -chronic O -nutritive O -insufficiency O -of O -the O -placenta O -is O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -values O -and O -the O -parameters O -of O -the O -acid O -- O -base O -- O -balance O -were O -taken O -and O -calculated O -. O - -aps B-category -V O -. O -Motor O -activity O -of O -the O -ruminoreticulum O -, O -eructation O -, O -rumination O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ion I-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -ruminoreticulum O -in O -sheep O -in O -the O -course O -of O -24 O -hours O -after O -eating O -a O -defined O -ration O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -for O -the O -reaction O -at O -the O -surface O -is O -displaced O -by O -0 O -. O -25 O -pH O -units O -towards O -the O -alkaline O -region O -( O -compared O -with O -ethanol B-Chemical -as O -substrate O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -to O -human O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -rapid O -first O -reaction O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -is O -bound O -by O -the O -cells O -by O -adsorption O -at O -pH O -- O -values O -above O -6 O -. O -0 O -; O -this O -reaction O -follows O -Freundlich O -' O -s O -isotherms O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -reaction O -can O -be O -influenced O -by O -inhibitors O -such O -as O -N O -- O -ethyl O -maleinimide O -, O -ouabain B-Chemical -, O -alpha O -- O -or O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -after O -an O -alkylating O -agent O -( O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -absorption O -of O -galactose B-Chemical -was O -not O -diminished O -by O -the O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunological O -mechanisms O -in O -aspirin B-Chemical -hypersensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Anti O -- O -aspiryl O -antibodies O -were O -produced O -in O -rabbits O -and O -guinea O -pigs O -by O -inoculation O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -incorporated O -in O -complete O -or O -incomplete O -Freund O -' O -s O -adjuvant O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspiryl O -conjugates O -with O -ovalbumin O -, O -human O -gamma O -- O -globulin O -, O -bovine O -gamma O -- O -globulin O -and O -rabbit O -serum O -were O -also O -prepared O -by O -incubating O -the O -proteins O -with O -aspirin B-Chemical -at O -alkaline O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -molar O -absorbance O -at O -305 O -nm O -of O -the O -conjugates O -prepared O -from O -aspirin B-Chemical -was O -about O -25 O -times O -lower O -than O -the O -molar O -absorbance O -of O -the O -conjugates O -prepared O -from O -aspirin B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -parallel O -experiments O -, O -salicylic O -acid O -did O -not O -induce O -formation O -of O -specific O -antibodies O -capable O -of O -reacting O -with O -aspirin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -or O -salicylic O -acid O -- O -treated O -red O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -uptake O -in O -the O -erythrocytes O -and O -the O -spleen O -of O -the O -quaternary O -dipyridylium O -salt B-Chemical -paraquat O -injected O -intravenously O -in O -hypotonic O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -in O -the O -erythrocytes O -was O -not O -influenced O -by O -alterations O -of O -the O -pH O -or O -by O -the O -preparation O -of O -a O -charge O -- O -transfer O -complex O -with O -serotonin B-Chemical -in O -the O -injection O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -between O -blood O -pressure O -, O -plasma O -renin O -, O -plasma O -renin O -substrate O -and O -exchangeable O -sodium B-Chemical -in O -chronic O -hemodialysis O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -strongly O -suggest O -that O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -system O -is O -the O -most O -important O -factor O -involved O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -hypertension O -in O -end O -- O -stage O -renal O -disease O -, O -when O -sodium B-Chemical -balance O -is O -adequately O -controlled O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -is O -specific O -for O -beta O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -of O -these O -in O -the O -United O -States O -is O -terbutaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -depletion O -on O -plasma O -renin O -concentration O -before O -and O -during O -adrenergic O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blockade O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -normotensive O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -plasma O -renin O -would O -, O -therefore O -seem O -possible O -only O -in O -relation O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -balance O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -well O -- O -defined O -hyperbolic O -relationship O -was O -found O -between O -the O -two O -variables O -indicating O -that O -the O -physiologic O -level O -of O -plasma O -renin O -concentration O -depends O -on O -the O -state O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -balance O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -examine O -whether O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -stimulation O -contributes O -to O -the O -increase O -in O -plasma O -renin O -concentration O -during O -sodium B-Chemical -depletion O -, O -the O -relationship O -between O -plasma O -renin O -concentration O -and O -concurrent O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -was O -studied O -during O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blockade O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Prorenin O -, O -renal O -hypertension O -; O -diuretics O -and O -hyperlipidemia O -; O -angiotensin B-Chemical -receptors O -and O -blocking O -drugs O -; O -a O -new O -treatment O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -5 O -. O -7 O -, O -values O -obtained O -using O -diisopropylfluorophosphate B-Chemical -( O -DRP O -9 O -mM O -) O -as O -an O -angiotensinase O -inhibitor O -are O -higher O -than O -values O -obtained O -with O -a O -mixture O -of O -dimercaprol O -( O -BAL O -, O -1 O -. O -6 O -mM O -) O -and O -hydroxyquinoline O -( O -8 O -- O -OHQ O -, O -3 O -to O -4 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -almost O -no O -cryoactivation O -of O -prorenin O -occurs O -at O -the O -pH O -optimum O -for O -renin O -( O -5 O -. O -7 O -) O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -maximum O -activation O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subcutaneous O -injection O -of O -pindolol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -and O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -produced O -a O -greater O -and O -more O -consistent O -depressor O -effect O -in O -mature O -SHRs O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -doses O -used O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -4 O -- O -hydroxypropranolol O -and O -K9 O -- O -1366 O -produced O -pressor O -effect O -in O -SHRs O -. O - -aps B-category -Practolol O -, O -dextro B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -and O -KO O -- O -1313 O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -blood O -pressure O -in O -the O -doses O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Placing O -oral O -doses O -of O -160 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -in O -the O -drinking O -water O -for O -seven O -days O -significantly O -lowered O -blood O -pressure O -in O -14 O -week O -old O -SHRs O -previously O -exposed O -to O -ineffective O -doses O -of O -77 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -for O -24 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Smaller O -doses O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -( O -15 O -and O -39 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -for O -three O -to O -four O -weeks O -) O -and O -practolol O -( O -70 O -to O -85 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -for O -two O -weeks O -) O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -52 O -week O -old O -SHRs O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -SHRs O -provide O -a O -valuable O -model O -of O -human O -essential O -hypertension O -, O -the O -variable O -effects O -reported O -here O -and O -elsewhere O -in O -the O -literature O -require O -caution O -as O -to O -the O -applicability O -and O -usefulness O -of O -testing O -and O -evaluating O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenergic I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -for O -theri O -potential O -anti O -- O -hypertensive O -effects O -in O -this O -particular O -form O -of O -experimental O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -new O -system O -, O -all O -patients O -, O -except O -the O -elderly O -and O -those O -with O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -, O -bradycardia O -or O -a O -history O -of O -asthma O -, O -are O -treated O -first O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -alone O -, O -a O -procedure O -which O -will O -diminish O -or O -normalize O -blood O -pressure O -in O -many O -patients O -with O -high O -and O -noraml O -renin O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequently O -, O -a O -propranolol B-Chemical -subtraction O -trial O -picks O -out O -the O -low O -- O -renin O -patients O -who O -will O -usually O -respond O -to O -a O -diuretic B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -the O -large O -groups O -who O -respond O -to O -therapy O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -alone O -( O -most O -high O -- O -renin O -and O -normal O -- O -renin O -patients O -) O -or O -to O -diuretics O -alone O -( O -most O -low O -- O -renin O -patients O -) O -gain O -the O -advantage O -of O -simple O -, O -more O -specific O -, O -long O -- O -term O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -antirenin O -or O -antivolume O -) O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -provides O -more O -direct O -control O -of O -the O -increased O -peripheral O -resistance O -and O -of O -neurogenically O -- O -induced O -swings O -in O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Participation O -of O -H1 O -and O -H2 O -histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -physiological O -vasodilator O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -Mepyramine O -attenuated O -both O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -and O -active O -- O -reflex O -dilatation O -in O -the O -hindlimb O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -type O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -receptor O -appears O -to O -be O -involved O -in O -reactive O -hyperemia O -or O -dilatation O -caused O -by O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -were O -performed O -to O -characterize O -the O -renal O -effects O -of O -maleate B-Chemical -in O -anesthetized O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Na O -, O -K O -, O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -excretion O -also O -increased O -markedly O -, O -whereas O -C1 O -excretion O -remained O -low O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -saline O -expansion O -CHCO3 O -/ O -GFR O -rose O -from O -4 O -to O -37 O -% O -after O -maleate B-Chemical -administration O -, O -whereas O -Cl O -excretion O -did O -not O -change O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -CPO4 O -/ O -GFR O -increased O -only O -from O -1 O -to O -3 O -% O -during O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -administration O -, O -this O -ratio O -reached O -75 O -% O -following O -the O -addition O -of O -maleate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -demonstrates O -that O -maleate B-Chemical -inhibits O -the O -fraction O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -uncatalyzed O -by O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -. O - -aps B-category -Tetanic O -hyperpolarization O -of O -single O -medullated O -nerve O -fibers O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -lithium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Tetanic O -hyperpolarization O -is O -reversibly O -abolished O -by O -cyanide O -and O -by O -exposure O -to O -lithium B-Chemical -Ringer O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -( O -GT O -) O -activity O -was O -also O -very O -low O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -studies O -demonstrate O -that O -the O -kidney O -of O -man O -, O -like O -that O -of O -the O -dog O -, O -is O -devoid O -of O -significant O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -subcellular O -fractions O -of O -human O -umbilical O -artery O -. O - -aps B-category -Intrarenal O -blood O -flow O -distribution O -in O -the O -desert O -quail O -following O -salt B-Chemical -loading O -. O - -aps B-category -Larger O -nephrons O -with O -loops O -of O -Henle O -in O -the O -deeper O -regions O -of O -the O -kidney O -continue O -to O -filter O -during O -salt B-Chemical -loading O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -small O -, O -surface O -nephrons O -stop O -filtering O -during O -salt B-Chemical -loading O -because O -of O -a O -vasoconstriction O -at O -the O -level O -of O -the O -afferent O -arterioles O -of O -these O -nephrons O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -, O -isometrically O -contracting O -cat O -papillary O -muscles O -were O -used O -to O -evaluate O -the O -inotropic O -interactions O -of O -lactic O -acidosis O -, O -hypercarbic O -acidosis O -, O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -ion O -with O -hypertonic O -mannitol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -hypercarbic O -acidosis O -does O -not O -prevent O -the O -inotropic O -effect O -of O -mannitol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -inhibition O -by O -severe O -lactic O -acidosis O -of O -the O -direct O -inotropic O -effect O -of O -hyperosmolality O -in O -isolated O -cardiac O -muscle O -is O -mediated O -by O -lactate B-Chemical -ion O -rather O -than O -acidosis O -per O -se O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -PCO2 O -, O -during O -HCO3 O -loading O -, O -and O -during O -phosphate B-Chemical -infusion O -, O -was O -significantly O -lower O -in O -the O -EK O -than O -the O -CK O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distal O -defect O -is O -likely O -an O -effect O -of O -a O -generalized O -disorder O -of O -distal O -transport O -in O -that O -both O -K O -secretion O -and O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -responsive I-Chemical -Na O -reabsorption O -were O -impaired O -in O -the O -postobstructed O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -depressant I-Chemical -or O -antidepressant B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -analysis O -designed O -to O -infer O -the O -maximum O -possible O -advantage O -of O -Thorazine B-Chemical -over O -generic O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -indicated O -that O -differences O -between O -the O -two O -were O -clinically O -insignificant O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -hypothesizes O -that O -altered O -dopamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -may O -produce O -some O -of O -the O -unusual O -neuropsychiatric O -characteristics O -of O -glutethimide O -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -fluorinated O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -compound O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -were O -studied O -in O -eighty O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemical O -instability O -of O -[ O -2 O -- O -14C O -] O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -alkaline O -solution O -: O -the O -effect O -on O -observed O -kinetics O -of O -urate B-Chemical -transport O -in O -human O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Histological O -response O -of O -various O -endocrine O -glands O -like O -pituitary O -, O -adrenal O -, O -testes O -and O -pancreas O -after O -administration O -of O -certain O -neurohumors O -like O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -, O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -a O -particular O -dose O -and O -sequence O -, O -has O -been O -carried O -out O -in O -white O -leghorn O -chicks O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -studied O -the O -manifestations O -of O -intolerance O -to O -certain O -iodide O -contrast B-Chemical -products O -injected O -by O -the O -arterial O -route O -, O -under O -general O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -an O -attitude O -will O -lead B-Chemical -to O -more O -rapid O -assessment O -of O -the O -true O -nature O -of O -the O -complication O -occurring O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Skin O -tests O -for O -48 O -/ O -80 O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -before O -including O -the O -48 O -/ O -80 O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -tests O -in O -the O -battery O -of O -allergological O -investigations O -, O -it O -seems O -indispensable O -to O -specify O -the O -limits O -in O -normal O -subjects O -and O -to O -better O -aprehend O -interferences O -which O -modify O -its O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -immunological O -enquiry O -carried O -out O -in O -both O -cases O -did O -not O -enable O -one O -to O -attribute O -the O -responsibility O -for O -the O -accident O -to O -alfadione O -or O -to O -cremophor O -EL O -nor O -to O -be O -able O -to O -put O -it O -down O -to O -a O -direct O -pharmacological O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -liberation I-Chemical -, O -or O -to O -a O -specific O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -liberation I-Chemical -due O -to O -an O -antigen O -- O -antibody O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -related O -to O -depression O -of O -serum O -factors O -after O -anesthesia O -with O -ether B-Chemical -or O -chloroform B-Chemical -, O -or O -secondary O -to O -depression O -of O -antibody O -- O -producing O -cells O -after O -anaesthesia O -with O -halothane B-Chemical -, O -nitrous O -oxyde O -or O -Pentothal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -LTT O -made O -it O -possible O -to O -identify O -the O -responsible O -drug O -, O -which O -was O -not O -always O -a O -local O -anesthetic O -, O -but O -sometimes O -Penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -and O -aspirin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -report O -a O -case O -of O -postoperative O -jaundice O -occurring O -within O -30 O -days O -in O -a O -patient O -anesthetized O -three O -times O -with O -halothane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sensitizing O -properties O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -were O -investigated O -experimentally O -in O -guinea O -pigs O -using O -two O -different O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -places O -halothane B-Chemical -between O -level O -3 O -( O -moderate O -potency O -) O -and O -level O -4 O -( O -high O -potency O -) O -on O -the O -classical O -drug O -scale O -of O -" O -allergenic O -potencies O -" O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -sensitized O -guinea O -pigs O -to O -a O -halothane B-Chemical -catabolite O -, O -trifluoroacetic O -acid O -, O -combined O -with O -guinea O -pig O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -the O -author O -observed O -that O -an O -increase O -in O -serum O -transaminases O -in O -anesthetized O -patients O -occurred O -only O -after O -halothane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Plasma O -level O -of O -the O -thiocyanate O -ion O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -perfusion O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -SCN O -- O -assays O -were O -performed O -by O -means O -of O -an O -original O -technique O -, O -which O -is O -described O -in O -this O -publication O -, O -before O -any O -perfusion O -of O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -, O -every O -30 O -minutes O -during O -perfusion O -and O -30 O -and O -60 O -minutes O -after O -ending O -the O -perfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subjects O -exhibited O -auriculo O -- O -ventricular O -blocks O -resistant O -to O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -and O -accompanied O -by O -syncopes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amiodarone B-Chemical -is O -studied O -in O -the O -context O -of O -cardiac O -surgery O -to O -evaluate O -its O -anti O -- O -arrythmic O -properties O -in O -its O -injectable O -form O -and O -possible O -interference O -with O -the O -anaesthetic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Prevention O -of O -stress O -ulcer O -by O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Incidence O -of O -obtained O -ulcer O -is O -compared O -with O -the O -variation O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -serum O -concentration O -, O -classicaly O -decreased O -in O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -Significance O -of O -a O -fentanyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thiamine I-Chemical -combination O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Trials O -of O -controlled O -hypotension O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -in O -ORL O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -our O -experience O -, O -with O -the O -preparation O -used O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -nitropusside O -proved O -to O -be O -a O -powerful O -hypotensive O -agent O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -which O -comes O -on O -early O -but O -it O -is O -difficult O -to O -use O -owing O -to O -frequent O -tachyphylaxis O -, O -the O -possible O -causes O -of O -which O -are O -considered O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -operation O -, O -which O -lasted O -from O -10 O -to O -30 O -minutes O -, O -ventilation O -was O -ensured O -by O -injection O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -at O -3 O -to O -4 O -atmospheric O -pressures O -through O -a O -naso O -- O -tracheal O -catheter O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -contrast B-Chemical -a O -very O -small O -number O -of O -sub O -- O -glottic O -laryngitis O -cases O -requiring O -intubation O -or O -tracheotomy O -to O -a O -very O -large O -number O -of O -cases O -of O -subglottic O -laryngitis O -, O -even O -with O -respiratory O -distress O -, O -which O -recovered O -with O -well O -designed O -medical O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -expose O -in O -detail O -their O -personal O -techniques O -, O -in O -particular O -, O -nasotracheal O -intubation O -and O -open O -circuit O -, O -association O -of O -a O -powerful O -analgesic O -drug O -with O -a O -short O -duration O -of O -activity O -and O -a O -mild O -antiemetic O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drug O -completed O -by O -inhalation O -of O -a O -mixture O -of O -Ethrane O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lack O -of O -a O -significant O -protective O -effect O -of O -augmented O -circulating O -glucose B-Chemical -on O -the O -ischemic O -myocardium O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiopulmonary O -effects O -of O -the O -combination O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -azaperone O -and O -hypnotic O -metomidate O -in O -swine O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -much O -less O -soluble O -and O -bitter O -and O -poses O -few O -stability O -problems O -when O -capsulated O -or O -tableted O -with O -aspirin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -organic O -mercurials O -and O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -compounds O -on O -the O -urease O -activity O -of O -Proteus O -: O -inhibition O -by O -urine O -and O -ascorbic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -the O -organic O -mercurials O -and O -ethacrynic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -markedly O -inhibited O -by O -human O -and O -dog O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lethal O -effect O -of O -meralluride O -against O -Proteus O -occurred O -at O -the O -same O -concentration O -at O -which O -urease O -activity O -was O -inhibited O -, O -but O -penicillamine B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -enzymatic O -activity O -without O -affecting O -viability O -of O -the O -organism O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -study O -of O -netilmicin B-Chemical -compared O -with O -other O -aminoglycosides B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -342 O -clinical O -isolates O -tested O -, O -all O -staphylococci O -; O -92 O -% O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -, O -93 O -% O -of O -Klebsiella O -pneumoniae O -, O -and O -92 O -% O -of O -Enterobacter O -were O -inhibited O -by O -0 O -. O -8 O -mug O -or O -less O -of O -netilmicin B-Chemical -per O -ml O -, O -but O -only O -78 O -% O -of O -P O -. O -aeruginosa O -were O -inhibited O -by O -3 O -. O -1 O -mug O -or O -less O -per O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Like O -other O -aminoglycosides B-Chemical -, O -the O -netilmicin B-Chemical -in O -vitro O -activity O -was O -markedly O -influenced O -by O -the O -growth O -medium O -used O -, O -with O -activity O -decreased O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Netilmicin O -was O -more O -active O -than O -gentamicin B-Chemical -, O -sisomicin O -, O -tobramycin B-Chemical -, O -or O -amikacin B-Chemical -against O -E O -. O -coli O -and O -K O -. O -pneumoniae O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -Serratia O -( O -95 O -% O -) O -and O -indole O -- O -positive O -Proteus O -( O -83 O -% O -) O -isolates O -were O -resistant O -to O -netilmicin B-Chemical -but O -were O -inhibited O -by O -amikacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bacteriolytic O -effect O -of O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotics O -on O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -and O -on O -Streptococcus O -pneumoniae O -was O -found O -to O -be O -a O -function O -of O -the O -pH O -; O -lysis O -was O -suppressed O -if O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -pneumococcal O -culture O -was O -below O -6 O -. O -0 O -during O -penicillin B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -i O -) O -At O -the O -pH O -nonpermissive O -for O -lysis O -, O -the O -bacteria O -retained O -their O -normal O -sensitivity O -to O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -and O -to O -other O -cell O -wall O -inhibitors O -; O -however O -, O -instead O -of O -lysis O -, O -the O -drug O -- O -treated O -bacteria O -simply O -stopped O -growing O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -the O -amylolytic O -enzyme O -system O -is O -completely O -extracellular O -, O -equally O -well O -induced O -by O -starch O -, O -amylose O -or O -amylopectin O -and O -that O -it O -consists O -mainly O -of O -enzymes O -of O -the O -glucoamylase O -type O -which O -yield O -glucose B-Chemical -as O -the O -main O -product O -of O -starch O -hydrolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -production O -was O -maximal O -at O -20 O -C O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -pH O -6 O -. O -9 O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -1 O -. O -3 O -mM O -calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -03 O -% O -casamino O -acids O -and O -inducer O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -also O -found O -when O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -added O -to O -the O -incubation O -mixture O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -organisms O -were O -grown O -in O -chemically O -defined O -medium O -, O -this O -conversion O -was O -due O -to O -the O -appearance O -at O -stationary O -phase O -of O -an O -intracellular O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -, O -inducible O -enzyme O -and O -/ O -or O -component O -of O -the O -electron O -transport O -system O -; O -when O -the O -organisms O -were O -grown O -in O -a O -nutrient O -broth O -- O -yeast O -extract O -medium O -, O -the O -enzyme O -appeared O -in O -the O -late O -exponential O -phase O -of O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -But O -the O -total O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -grams O -/ O -liter O -) O -did O -not O -change O -significantly O -, O -whereas O -the O -percentage O -of O -crude O -protein O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mycelial O -yield O -and O -total O -crude O -protein O -of O -R O -. O -oligosporus O -showed O -some O -significant O -changes O -as O -the O -C O -/ O -N O -ratio O -was O -increased O -in O -3 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -R O -. O -oligosporus O -grew O -very O -well O -on O -several O -ammonium B-Chemical -salts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimum O -conditions O -for O -enterotoxin O -synthesis O -by O -cultures O -grown O -in O -this O -medium O -, O -which O -contained O -Casamino O -Acids O -and O -yeast O -extract O -, O -were O -found O -to O -be O -: O -inoculation O -of O -vigorously O -gorwing O -culture O -at O -the O -1 O -% O -level O -, O -addition O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -1 O -% O -, O -control O -of O -culture O -pH O -at O -8 O -. O -0 O -, O -incubation O -at O -32 O -degrees O -C O -, O -use O -of O -a O -moderate O -stirring O -rate O -, O -and O -addition O -of O -air O -at O -low O -flow O -rates O -to O -minimize O -foaming O -. O - -aps B-category -Virus O -was O -then O -eluted O -with O -pH O -11 O -. O -5 O -glycine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NaOH I-Chemical -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -Localization O -and O -characteristics O -of O -rat O -liver O -mitochondrial O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -alpha O -, O -beta O -adrenolytic O -effect O -on O -catecholaminergic O -mobilization O -of O -the O -plasma O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -intact O -and O -the O -adrenalectomized O -dog O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Heparinized O -blood O -samples O -were O -taken O -from O -each O -cannula O -5 O -min O -before O -, O -and O -1 O -, O -5 O -, O -10 O -, O -30 O -and O -60 O -min O -after O -each O -irrigation O -for O -measurement O -of O -immunoreactive O -serotonin B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -release O -was O -consistently O -observed O -after O -duodenal O -acidification O -( O -pH O -1 O -. O -5 O -- O -2 O -. O -0 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Caval O -serotonin B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -increased O -at O -10 O -min O -( O -342 O -+ O -/ O -- O -121 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -) O -but O -promptly O -returned O -to O -baseline O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -demonstrated O -serotonin B-Chemical -release O -from O -the O -duodenum O -following O -acid O -perfusion O -and O -documented O -that O -some O -of O -the O -released O -serotonin B-Chemical -escaped O -hepatic O -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -Profound O -hypothermia O -with O -body O -- O -surface O -cooling O -for O -use O -in O -open O -- O -heart O -surgery O -is O -considered O -a O -difficult O -anesthetic O -technique O -because O -of O -the O -problems O -of O -controlling O -ether B-Chemical -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -was O -injected O -subcutaneously O -to O -rats O -at O -doses O -of O -2 O -- O -- O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -twice O -daily O -for O -various O -periods O -after O -an O -intradermal O -adjuvant O -injection O -into O -one O -hind O -paw O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -histamine B-Chemical -effect O -was O -dose O -- O -dependent O -with O -the O -most O -effective O -time O -of O -administration O -being O -from O -the O -5th O -to O -the O -10th O -day O -after O -adjuvant O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Sinomenine O -, O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -releaser O -, O -likewise O -showed O -a O -suppressive O -effect O -on O -the O -secondary O -lesion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -suggest O -that O -histamine B-Chemical -may O -inhibit O -the O -development O -of O -adjuvant O -arthritis O -by O -an O -immunosuppressive O -mechanism O -mediated O -through O -activation O -of O -H2 O -- O -receptors O -on O -lymphoid O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -propranolo O -, O -itramin O -tosylate O -and O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -on O -coronary O -flow O -, O -cardiac O -activity O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -metabolism O -were O -investigated O -in O -anoxic O -perfused O -rat O -hearts O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -added O -to O -the O -anoxic O -perfusate O -attenuated O -the O -decrease O -in O -CP O -and O -increase O -in O -Pi O -, O -whereas O -heart O -contractions O -wre O -more O -markedly O -depressed O -than O -by O -anoxia O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -considered O -that O -propranolol B-Chemical -prevented O -the O -anoxia O -- O -induced O -reduction O -in O -high O -- O -energy O -phosphates O -by O -antagonizing O -catecholamines B-Chemical -released O -by O -anoxia O -and O -that O -itramin O -decreased O -ATP O -level O -by O -inhibiting O -ATP O -generation O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -increased O -coronary O -blood O -flow O -in O -the O -dog O -heart O -pretreated O -with O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -coronary O -vasodilation O -exerted O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -was O -potentiated O -by O -indomethacin B-Chemical -and O -adrenergic O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -elicited O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -relaxation O -in O -coronary O -arterial O -strips O -contracted O -previously O -by O -KC1 O -after O -pretreatment O -with O -phenoxybenzamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostaglandin O -( O -PG O -) O -E1 O -produced O -a O -relaxing O -response O -but O -reduced O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -relaxation O -. O - -aps B-category -PG O -released O -by O -dopamine B-Chemical -may O -increase O -coronary O -blood O -flow O -on O -the O -one O -hand O -and O -reduce O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -stimulation O -by O -inhibiting O -adenyl O -cyclase O -on O -the O -other O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -is O -both O -diuretic B-Chemical -and O -saluretic O -in O -the O -conscious O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Conclusive O -proof O -for O -the O -existence O -of O -the O -latter O -, O -however O -, O -must O -await O -the O -discovery O -of O -a O -more O -selective O -peripheral O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -stimulant O -than O -is O -dopamine B-Chemical -per O -se O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -anesthetized O -rats O -and O -cats O -chloro O -acetyl O -catechol B-Chemical -( O -CAC O -, O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contractions O -of O -the O -rat O -vas O -deferens O -and O -the O -rat O -seminal O -vesicles O -in O -vitro O -were O -blocked O -by O -CAC O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -. O -The O -blockade O -was O -prevented O -by O -the O -simultaneous O -addition O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -or O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacology O -and O -hemodynamics O -of O -tazolol O -( O -1 O -- O -iso O -- O -propylamino O -- O -3 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -thiazoloxy O -) O -- B-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -HC1 O -) O -, O -a O -selective O -myocardial O -beta O -- O -stimulant O -, O -were O -studied O -in O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -anesthetized O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -were O -not O -altered O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -hexamehtonium O -, O -atropine B-Chemical -or O -reserpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Tazolol O -also O -increased O -superior O -mesenteric O -artery O -flow O -, O -whereas O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -decreased O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -Infusion O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -( O -20 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -) O -, O -after O -eliciting O -anaphylaxis O -, O -intensified O -the O -acidosis O -, O -and O -increased O -the O -lethality O -to O -100 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -, O -infused O -in O -amounts O -of O -200 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -, O -acted O -similarly O -to O -the O -combination O -dibenamine O -/ O -adrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -, O -however O -, O -reduced O -significantly O -the O -anaphylactic O -increase O -in O -hematocrit O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -acute O -and O -chronic O -LiCl B-Chemical -and O -RbCl O -treatments O -on O -the O -antinociception O -caused O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -pethidine B-Chemical -, O -methadone B-Chemical -, O -pentazocine B-Chemical -, O -nalorphine O -or O -naloxone B-Chemical -were O -studied O -in O -mice O -using O -the O -hot O -plate O -and O -phenylquinone O -writhing O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -hot O -plate O -test O -both O -the O -21 O -day O -administration O -of O -LiCl B-Chemical -and O -the O -5 O -and O -21 O -day O -administration O -of O -RbCl O -decreased O -the O -antinociceptive O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -significant O -or O -consistent O -interactions O -of O -the O -ions O -with O -the O -antinociceptive O -effect O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -or O -the O -antagonistic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -LiCl B-Chemical -enhanced O -the O -decrease O -in O -rectal O -temperature O -whereas O -RbCl O -was O -mostly O -inactive O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -three O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -and O -pimozide O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -hot O -plate O -LiCl B-Chemical -given O -acutely O -or O -chronically O -did O -not O -modify O -the O -antinociception O -of O -any O -drug O -although O -it O -augmented O -hypothermia O -induced O -by O -chlorimipramine O -and O -occasionally O -also O -that O -caused O -by O -desipramine B-Chemical -and O -doxepine O -, O -and O -also O -caused O -definitive O -changes O -in O -motor O -abilities O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -phenylquinone O -writhing O -test O -LiCl B-Chemical -when O -given O -for O -21 O -days O -enhanced O -the O -nearly O -complete O -antinociception O -caused O -by O -chlorimipramine O -, O -doxepine O -and O -pimozide O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -into O -the O -activity O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -( O -ATPase O -) O -in O -homogenates O -of O -liver O -, O -cerebral O -cortex O -, O -renal O -cortex O -, O -and O -mucosa O -of O -small O -intestine O -of O -swine O -have O -shown O -differentiated O -activity O -patterns O -, O -with O -peak O -activity O -developing O -in O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -ATPase O -which O -could O -be O -activated O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -and O -inhibited O -by O -ouabain B-Chemical -was O -detectable O -from O -cerebral O -and O -renal O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -ATPase O -that O -could O -be O -stimulated O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -was O -recorded O -only O -from O -liver O -homogenate O -. O - -aps B-category -Differentially O -labelled O -35S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thiosulphate I-Chemical -was O -taken O -up O -by O -washed O -cells O -of O -Thiobacillus O -ferrooxidans O -which O -were O -previously O -grown O -on O -thiosulphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dithionate O -and O -Group O -VI O -anions O -inhibited O -the O -uptake O -, O -which O -was O -under O -pH O -control O -and O -had O -a O -temperature O -optimum O -of O -50 O -degrees O -C O -. O -In O -the O -absence O -of O -thiosulphate B-Chemical -, O -the O -cells O -bound O -35S O -- O -sulphate O -but O -the O -binding O -did O -not O -increase O -on O -prolonged O -incubation O -and O -the O -label O -could O -be O -removed O -completely O -by O -washing O -with O -dilute O -sulphuric O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetic O -properties O -of O -the O -sulphate O -- O -activating O -enzyme O -ATP O -- O -sulphurylase O -enriched O -from O -bacteria O -grown O -with O -either O -thiosulphate B-Chemical -or O -ferrous B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iron I-Chemical -were O -similar O -although O -this O -enzyme O -has O -an O -assimilatory O -function O -only O -when O -the O -bacterium O -is O -grown O -with O -ferrous B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iron I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -resistent O -to O -the O -action O -of O -chloroform B-Chemical -, O -ether B-Chemical -and O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -21 O -pregnant O -women O -significantly O -higher O -concentrations O -were O -measured O -in O -9 O -free O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -during O -intravenous O -tocolysis O -with O -Dilatol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prognostic O -value O -of O -the O -non O -- O -protein O -nitrogen B-Chemical -( O -NPN O -) O -content O -in O -the O -serum O -and O -the O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -one O -exception O -is O -pindolol B-Chemical -( O -a O -drug O -with O -ISA O -) O -which O -, O -at O -higher O -doses O -, O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -consistently O -worse O -than O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -a O -drug O -without O -ISA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -abnormal O -hemoglobin O -shows O -heat O -instability O -and O -a O -lowered O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -. O - -aps B-category -LAP O -- O -B O -and O -LAP O -- O -C O -, O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -have O -lower O -Kapp O -values O -for O -leucine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -naphthylamide I-Chemical -and O -higher O -velocities O -for O -nonpolar O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -naphthylamides I-Chemical -than O -for O -arginine O -- O -naphthylamide O -. O - -aps B-category -Maize O -endopeptidase O -is O -inhibited O -by O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -reagents O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -and O -p O -- O -chloromercuribenzoate O -( O -pCMB O -) O -, O -and O -by O -tosyl O -lysine O -chloromethyl O -ketone B-Chemical -, O -Maize O -aminopeptidase O -activity O -is O -inhibited O -by O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -, O -pCMB O -, O -and O -EDTA O -( O -ethylenediamine O -tetraacetic O -acid O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Dihydrofolate O -reductase O -has O -been O -purified O -from O -a O -methotrexate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -strain O -of O -Lactobacillus O -casei O -NCB O -6375 O -. O - -aps B-category -17900 O -and O -a O -turnover O -number O -of O -4s O -- O -1 O -( O -50mM O -- O -triethanolamine O -/ O -400mM O -- O -KCl O -, O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -, O -25 O -degrees O -C O -) O -with O -dihydrofolate O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -as O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -Michaelis O -constants O -for O -a O -variety O -of O -substrates O -have O -been O -measured O -by O -using O -a O -new O -fluorimetric O -assay O -( O -0 O -. O -36 O -muM O -- O -dihydrofolate O -; O -0 O -. O -78 O -muM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NADPH I-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -binding O -constants O -determined O -by O -using O -the O -quenching O -of O -protein O -fluorescence O -( O -dihydrofolate O -, O -2 O -. O -25 O -X O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -; O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -greater O -than O -10 O -( O -8 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -gamma O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -nitroanilide O -) O -and O -its O -3 O -- O -carboxy O -derivative O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -gamma O -- O -( O -3 O -- O -carboxy O -- O -4 O -- O -nitroanilide O -) O -, O -served O -as O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -donors O -, O -and O -glycylglycine O -as O -an O -acceptor O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -glutamate B-Chemical -gamma O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -nitroanilide O -) O -as O -the O -donor O -, O -Michaelis O -constants O -for O -the O -donor O -, O -acceptor O -and O -donor O -- O -acting O -- O -as O -- O -acceptor O -are O -1 O -. O -87 O -, O -24 O -. O -9 O -, O -and O -2 O -. O -08 O -mM O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Organ O -distribution O -of O -rat O -histidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyruvate I-Chemical -aminotransferase O -isoenzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoenzyme O -2 O -was O -active O -with O -pyruvate B-Chemical -but O -not O -with O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -as O -amino B-Chemical -acceptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Very O -little O -activity O -was O -found O -with O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -transferase I-Chemical -activities O -of O -isoenzyme O -2 O -towards O -phenylalanine O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -were O -inhibited O -by O -histidine O -. O - -aps B-category -Sephadex O -G O -- O -150 O -gel O -filtration O -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -density I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -gradient I-Chemical -centrifugation O -yielded O -mol O -. O -wts O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -D O -- O -and O -L O -- O -glutamyl O -alpha O -- O -chloromethyl O -ketones O -( O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxohexanoic I-Chemical -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -chloromethyl O -ketones O -irreversibly O -inactivated O -bovine O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -whereas O -several O -other O -related O -compounds O -had O -no O -adverse O -effect O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -emphasized O -that O -three O -of O -the O -six O -subunits O -of O -the O -enzyme O -may O -possess O -as O -much O -as O -80 O -% O -of O -the O -total O -activity O -of O -bovine O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -KCl O -, O -LiBr O -, O -NaF O -) O -produced O -inhibition O -of O -particulate O -enzyme O -; O -the O -degree O -of O -inhibition O -of O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -- O -stimulated O -activity O -was O -less O -than O -that O -of O -unstimulated O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanism O -of O -the O -inhibition O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -as O -a O -consequence O -of O -the O -catalysis O -of O -the O -chloride B-Chemical -/ O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ion I-Chemical -exchange O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -Dichlorodiphenyleneiodonium O -decreased O -the O -accumulation O -of O -substrates O -by O -mitochondria O -oxidizing O -glycerol O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -EDTA O -, O -but O -not O -EGTA O -[ O -ethanedioxybis O -( O -ethylamine O -) O -- B-Chemical -tetra I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -] O -increased O -the O -inhibition O -of O -respiration O -by O -diphenyleneiodonium O -, O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dichlorodiphenyleneiodonium O -and O -by O -tri O -- O -n O -- O -propyltin O -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -- O -Adrenergic O -amines B-Chemical -( O -10 O -- O -50 O -muM O -) O -stimulated O -adenylate O -cyclase O -( O -38 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -preincubation O -of O -sarcolemma O -with O -guanylyl O -imidodiphosphate O -stimulated O -the O -formation O -of O -an O -' O -activated O -' O -form O -of O -the O -enzyme O -, O -which O -did O -not O -reveal O -increased O -hormonal O -sensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulatory O -effect O -of O -FMN O -and O -methyl O -viologen O -on O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -dependent O -reduction O -of O -tertiary O -amine B-Chemical -N O -- O -oxide O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfur I-Chemical -protein O -isolated O -from O -Pseudomonas O -ovalis O -. O - -aps B-category -Translation O -of O -messenger O -RNA O -specific O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -oocytes O -of O -Xenopus O -laevis O -. O - -aps B-category -Reconstitution O -of O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -superoxide I-Chemical -dismutase O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -membranous O -guanylate O -cyclase O -by O -concentrations O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -that O -are O -in O -the O -physiological O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -Reactions O -of O -beta O -- O -fluoroalanine O -and O -beta O -- O -bromolanine O -with O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Phospholipid O -- O -induced O -activation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -from O -rat O -brain O -striatal O -synaptosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -rat O -striatal O -slices O -by O -K O -+ O -- O -depolarization O -- O -- O -effect O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Phenobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -prolongation O -of O -half O -- O -life O -and O -alteration O -of O -distribution O -of O -a O -phenothiazine O -drug O -metabolite O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -involvement O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -in O -morphine B-Chemical -analgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Serial O -measurements O -of O -maternal O -blood O -- O -gases O -, O -alveolar O -- O -to O -- O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -difference O -( O -PAO2 O -- O -- O -PaO O -) O -, O -calculated O -pulmonary O -venous O -admixture O -( O -physiological O -shunt O -) O -, O -deadspace O -/ O -tidal O -volume O -ratio O -( O -VD O -/ O -VT O -) O -, O -and O -respiratory O -minute O -volume O -have O -been O -made O -in O -a O -carefully O -selected O -group O -of O -normal O -pregnant O -patients O -at O -12 O -, O -24 O -, O -32 O -and O -38 O -weeks O -of O -gestation O -and O -5 O -weeks O -after O -delivery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolism O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -by O -man O -and O -four O -other O -species O -is O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -principal O -metabolite O -in O -man O -, O -dog O -, O -pig O -and O -cat O -is O -the O -glucuronide O -, O -but O -the O -rat O -produces O -other O -metabolites O -after O -small O -doses O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -and O -significant O -amounts O -of O -the O -glucuronide O -only O -after O -high O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -concentrations O -of O -unconjugated O -lorazepam B-Chemical -peak O -at O -1 O -- O -4 O -h O -, O -significant O -concentrations O -persisting O -for O -24 O -h O -and O -decreasing O -slowly O -over O -the O -next O -24 O -h O -. O -About O -95 O -% O -of O -a O -dose O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -was O -accounted O -for O -in O -urine O -and O -faeces O -over O -a O -period O -of O -5 O -days O -; O -74 O -. O -5 O -% O -was O -excreted O -in O -the O -urine O -as O -lorazepam B-Chemical -glucuronide O -and O -13 O -. O -5 O -% O -as O -minor O -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -beta2 O -- O -adrenoceptor O -selectivity O -of O -rimiterol O -, O -salbutamol B-Chemical -and O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -by O -the O -intravenous O -route O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -Rimiterol O -, O -0 O -. O -5 O -( O -high O -dose O -) O -and O -0 O -. O -05 O -( O -low O -dose O -) O -mug O -kg O -- O -1 O -min O -- O -1 O -, O -salbutamol B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -3 O -and O -0 O -. O -03 O -mug O -kg O -- O -1 O -min O -- O -1 O -, O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -05 O -and O -0 O -. O -005 O -mug O -kg O -- O -1 O -min O -- O -1 O -and O -placebo O -were O -administered O -by O -a O -single O -intravenous O -injection O -over O -6 O -min O -, O -and O -the O -protection O -against O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -bronchoconstriction O -, O -changes O -in O -heart O -rate O -, O -pulse O -pressure O -and O -skeletal O -muscle O -tremor O -were O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -these O -ventilatory O -responses O -, O -there O -was O -a O -heart O -rate O -increase O -of O -31 O -. O -9 O -, O -24 O -. O -7 O -and O -44 O -. O -3 O -beats O -/ O -min O -for O -rimiterol O -, O -salbutamol B-Chemical -and O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -was O -approximately O -14 O -and O -10 O -times O -as O -potent O -in O -increasing O -the O -heart O -rate O -as O -rimiterol O -and O -salbutamol B-Chemical -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -residual O -effects O -of O -two O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -( O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -and O -flurazepam B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -) O -and O -pentobarbitone O -sodium B-Chemical -on O -human O -performance O -. O - -aps B-category -Impaired O -performance O -on O -adaptive O -tracking O -was O -observed O -at O -10 O -h O -, O -13 O -h O -, O -16 O -h O -and O -19 O -h O -after O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -and O -pentobarbitone O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -at O -10 O -h O -, O -13 O -h O -and O -16 O -h O -after O -flurazepam B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -Increased O -reaction O -time O -persisted O -to O -16 O -h O -after O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -, O -flurazepam B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -and O -pentobarbitone O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -reaction O -time O -was O -also O -increased O -at O -34 O -h O -after O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -and O -pentobarbitone O -sodium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -Flurazepam O -hydrochloride O -would O -appear O -to O -be O -a O -more O -promising O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -than O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -for O -use O -as O -a O -hypnotic O -by O -persons O -involved O -in O -skilled O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Residual O -effects O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Both O -doses O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -were O -effective O -hypnotics O -according O -to O -the O -ratings O -, O -with O -an O -anxiolytic O -effect O -the O -following O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -efficacy O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -( O -15 O -mg O -or O -30 O -mg O -) O -as O -a O -hypnotic O -, O -and O -the O -residual O -effects O -of O -each O -dose O -were O -compared O -with O -placebo O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -cross O -- O -over O -trial O -involving O -thirty O -patients O -in O -a O -general O -practice O -setting O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -' O -Hangover O -' O -effects O -were O -marked O -following O -30 O -mg O -, O -but O -not O -after O -flurazepam B-Chemical -( O -15 O -mg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -review O -of O -the O -animal O -pharmacology O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -, O -a O -combined O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -- O -blocking O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -In O -isolated O -tissues O -the O -blockade O -by O -labetalol B-Chemical -of O -both O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptors O -satisfied O -accepted O -critera O -for O -competitive O -antagonism O -. O - -aps B-category -Labetalol B-Chemical -was O -6 O -- O -10 O -times O -less O -potent O -than O -phentolamine B-Chemical -in O -blocking O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreceptors O -and O -1 O -. O -5 O -- O -3 O -times O -less O -potent O -than O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -blocking O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -In O -anaesthetized O -dogs O -labetalol B-Chemical -given O -intravenously O -blocked O -vasopressor O -responses O -to O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -positive O -chronotropic O -, O -vasodepressor O -and O -bronchodilator O -response O -to O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Labetalol B-Chemical -was O -about O -7 O -times O -less O -potent O -than O -phentolamine B-Chemical -in O -blocking O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreceptors O -, O -about O -4 O -times O -less O -potent O -than O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -blocking O -cardiac O -beta1 O -- O -adrenoreceptors O -, O -and O -11 O -- O -17 O -times O -less O -potent O -than O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -blocking O -vascular O -and O -bronchial O -beta2 O -- O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conscious O -dogs O -labetaol O -given O -orally O -blocked O -vasopressor O -responses O -to O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -positive O -chonotropic O -responses O -to O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -Labetalol B-Chemical -does O -not O -possess O -partial O -agonist O -( O -intrinsic O -sympathomimetic O -) O -activity O -at O -cardiac O -beta1 O -- O -adrenoreceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -7 O -The O -haemodynamic O -effects O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -are O -attributable O -to O -its O -adrenoreceptor O -- O -blocking O -actions O -. O - -aps B-category -Labetalol B-Chemical -differed O -from O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -decreasing O -rather O -than O -increasing O -total O -peripheral O -resistance O -and O -in O -causing O -larger O -falls O -in O -blood O -pressure O -at O -equipotent O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -- O -blocking O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -effects O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -In O -the O -evaluation O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -- O -blocking O -effects O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -various O -indices O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -in O -man O -were O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -labetalol B-Chemical -produced O -dose O -- O -related O -inhibitory O -effects O -on O -exercise O -- O -induced O -increases O -in O -heart O -rate O -any O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -and O -similar O -dose O -- O -related O -inhibitory O -effects O -on O -the O -tachycardia O -induced O -by O -valsalva O -' O -s O -manoeuvre O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Labetalol B-Chemical -was O -a O -specific O -competitive O -antagonist O -of O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonist O -effects O -of O -systemically O -administered O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -locally O -infused O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -The O -onset O -and O -duration O -of O -the O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -antagonist O -effects O -of O -oral O -labetalol B-Chemical -did O -not O -seem O -to O -be O -dissociated O -in O -time O -and O -there O -was O -a O -close O -correlation O -between O -the O -change O -in O -plasma O -concentration O -and O -pharmacological O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Precise O -comparison O -, O -however O -, O -was O -complicated O -by O -the O -combined O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -effects O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -, O -especially O -as O -the O -predominant O -effect O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -in O -normotensive O -subjects O -was O -to O -reduce O -blood O -pressure O -; O -whereas O -the O -predominant O -effect O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -was O -to O -reduce O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -From O -the O -details O -of O -the O -studies O -reviewed O -it O -was O -concluded O -that O -in O -man O -labetalol B-Chemical -possesses O -combined O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -antagonist O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -haemodynamic O -effects O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -50 O -mg O -intravenously O -were O -studied O -in O -13 O -hypertensive O -patients O -at O -rest O -in O -the O -supine O -and O -upright O -positions O -and O -during O -exercise O -using O -percutaneous O -right O -heart O -and O -brachial O -artery O -catheterization O -. O - -aps B-category -Combined O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptors O -blockade O -with O -oral O -labetalol B-Chemical -in O -hypertensive O -patients O -with O -reference O -to O -haemodynamic O -effects O -at O -rest O -and O -during O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -Postural O -hypotension O -measured O -in O -this O -group O -of O -patients O -after O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -50 O -mg O -intravenously O -was O -considerably O -reduced O -during O -long O -- O -term O -oral O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -It O -can O -therefore O -be O -concluded O -that O -labetalol B-Chemical -offers O -a O -useful O -anti O -- O -hypertensive O -effect O -and O -that O -this O -compound O -is O -well O -tolerated O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -effect O -of O -intravenous O -injections O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -at O -doses O -of O -1 O -and O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -was O -studied O -in O -15 O -patients O -with O -severe O -hypertension O -inadequately O -controlled O -by O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -- O -blocking O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Closing O -remarks O -: O -current O -status O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -intrinsic O -factor O -' O -receptor O -' O -was O -further O -purified O -by O -precipitation O -with O -30 O -% O -saturated O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -, O -centrifugation O -at O -105000 O -g O -, O -and O -filtration O -through O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -analysis O -of O -the O -reaction O -indicated O -a O -maximum O -velocity O -of O -0 O -. O -083 O -nmole O -IF O -bound O -B12 O -/ O -min O -with O -a O -Km O -of O -1 O -. O -36 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -10 O -) O -M O -. O -The O -solubilized O -receptor O -had O -a O -greater O -affinity O -for O -intrinsic O -factor O -bound O -to O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -than O -for O -intrinsic O -factor O -free O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pyridoxal O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -PLP O -) O -, O -an O -allosteric O -effector O -for O -the O -oxygenation O -of O -haemoglobin O -, O -was O -incorporated O -readily O -into O -erythrocytes O -and O -disappeared O -from O -them O -by O -simple O -passive O -diffusion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -dissociation O -curve O -measured O -at O -an O -extracellular O -pH O -of O -7 O -. O -4 O -demonstrated O -that O -PLP O -incorporated O -into O -the O -cells O -also O -lowered O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -and O -that O -PLP O -functionally O -compensated O -for O -a O -metabolically O -reduced O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -peculiar O -relationship O -between O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -erythrocytes O -and O -the O -intracellular O -PLP O -concentration O -is O -discussed O -in O -detail O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -pH O -dependence O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -chemical O -shifts O -, O -pKa O -values O -of O -6 O -. O -25 O -- O -6 O -. O -30 O -are O -found O -for O -all O -5 O -' O -- O -mononucleotides O -secondary O -phosphate B-Chemical -ionization O -, O -independently O -from O -the O -nature O -of O -the O -base O -and O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -group O -at O -the O -2 O -' O -position O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -indication O -of O -a O -strong O -influence O -of O -the O -2 O -' O -- B-Chemical -hydroxyl I-Chemical -group O -on O -the O -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -is O -confirmed O -by O -the O -existence O -of O -a O -0 O -. O -4 O -to O -0 O -. O -5 O -ppm O -downfield O -shift O -induced O -by O -the O -2 O -' O -- O -OH O -on O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -resonance O -of O -3 O -' O -- O -monoribonucleotides O -, O -and O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -nucleotides O -and O -dinucleotides O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -deoxyribosyl O -analogues O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -together O -with O -the O -importance O -of O -stereochemical O -arrangement O -( O -furanose O -ring O -pucker O -, O -furanose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -backbone O -conformation O -, O -O O -- O -P O -- O -O O -bond O -angle O -) O -on O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -chemical O -shifts O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Inactivation O -by O -phenylglyoxal O -appears O -to O -be O -the O -result O -of O -the O -modification O -of O -a O -single O -arginine O -residue O -, O -whereas O -inhibition O -by O -iodoacetamide O -can O -be O -correlated O -with O -the O -modification O -of O -a O -single O -methionine B-Chemical -residue O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -a O -pure O -flavin O -mononucleotide O -peptide O -was O -isolated O -from O -the O -enzyme O -by O -tryptic O -- O -chymotryptic O -digestion O -, O -chromatography O -on O -Florisil O -and O -on O -diethylaminoethylcellulose O -, O -and O -hydrolysis O -with O -nucleotide B-Chemical -pyrophosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -quenching O -appears O -to O -be O -due O -to O -interaction O -of O -the O -flavin O -with O -a O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residue O -, O -as O -the O -quenching O -is O -abolished O -by O -oxidation O -of O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -with O -performic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aminoacylflavin O -isolated O -from O -the O -enzyme O -is O -identical O -in O -the O -pKa O -of O -its O -imidazole O -group O -, O -in O -reduction O -by O -NaBH4 O -, O -and O -in O -other O -properties O -with O -synthetic O -8alpha O -- O -( O -N1 O -- O -histidyl O -) O -riboflavin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -One O -method O -involved O -potentiometric O -measurements O -of O -the O -protons O -released O -and O -demethylthiolation O -of O -papain O -- O -S O -- O -SCH3 O -with O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pK O -of O -the O -thiol B-Chemical -group O -changes O -from O -3 O -. O -3 O -to O -7 O -. O -6 O -on O -deprotonation O -of O -His O -- O -159 O -at O -29 O -degrees O -C O -/ O -20 O -. O -05 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -microscopic O -ionization O -constants O -determined O -in O -this O -work O -for O -Cys O -- O -25 O -and O -His O -- O -159 O -indicate O -that O -equilibrium O -constant O -for O -transfer O -of O -the O -proton O -from O -Cys O -- O -25 O -to O -His O -- O -159 O -is O -8 O -- O -- O -12 O -, O -and O -that O -in O -the O -physiological O -pH O -range O -the O -active O -site O -thiol B-Chemical -group O -exists O -mainly O -as O -a O -thiol B-Chemical -anion O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -gradation O -in O -steady O -- O -state O -cyclic O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cGMP B-Chemical -) O -levels O -was O -observed O -in O -incubated O -slices O -of O -these O -tissues O -( O -inner O -medula O -greater O -than O -outer O -medulla O -greater O -than O -cortex O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -particulate O -enzyme O -could O -play O -a O -key O -role O -in O -regulating O -cGMP B-Chemical -levels O -inthe O -intact O -cell O -where O -Mn2 O -+ O -concentrations O -are O -low O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -in O -metal O -requirements O -may O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -action O -of O -NaNO2 O -to O -increase O -cGMP B-Chemical -in O -intact O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -Fetal O -aqumethemoglobin O -undergoes O -changes O -in O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -reactivity O -, O -absorption O -spectrum O -, O -and O -circular O -dichroism O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -insitol O -hexaphospahte O -which O -are O -consistent O -with O -a O -transition O -from O -the O -R O -to O -T O -quaternary O -state O -, O -but O -only O -at O -pH O -values O -below O -6 O -. O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -are O -all O -consistent O -with O -a O -model O -for O -fetal O -hemoglobin O -in O -which O -the O -organic O -phosphate B-Chemical -site O -may O -be O -functionally O -weakened O -by O -replacement O -of O -a O -residue O -involved O -in O -ionic O -interactions O -with O -the O -negatively O -charged O -phosphate B-Chemical -groups O -, O -but O -in O -which O -the O -low O -affinity O -T O -conformation O -is O -intrinsically O -more O -stable O -than O -that O -of O -adllt O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -50 O -% O -decrease O -in O -the O -level O -of O -metabolic O -ATP O -( O -3H O -- O -labelled O -) O -, O -which O -was O -essentially O -complete O -in O -30s O -, O -was O -matched O -in O -rate O -by O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -secretion O -from O -storage O -in O -dense O -granules O -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -- O -N O -- O -Acetylglucosaminidase O -secretion O -, O -which O -was O -slower O -than O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -secretion O -in O -control O -platelets O -, O -was O -noticeably O -inhibited O -by O -antimycin O -, O -confirming O -previous O -reports O -that O -different O -regulatory O -mechanisms O -exist O -for O -dense O -and O -alpha O -- O -granule O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Ammonia B-Chemical -production O -and O -pathways O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -utilization O -in O -rat O -kidney O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -Slices O -from O -non O -- O -acidotic O -kidneys O -made O -53 O -% O -as O -much O -ammonia B-Chemical -from O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -as O -from O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -during O -the O -initial O -15 O -min O -of O -incubation O -. O - -aps B-category -Swelling O -activates O -the O -mitochondrial O -glutaminase O -I O -pathway O -as O -evidenced O -by O -the O -rise O -in O -ammonia B-Chemical -produced O -per O -glutamine B-Chemical -utilized O -ratio O -as O -well O -as O -by O -the O -accelerated O -rate O -of O -CO2 O -production O -derived O -from O -the O -oxidative O -disposal O -of O -glutamin O -' O -s O -carbon B-Chemical -skeleton O -. O - -aps B-category -Acidotic O -rat O -kidneys O -are O -not O -swollen O -in O -vivo O -while O -cortical O -slices O -initially O -produce O -4 O -- O -fold O -more O -ammonia B-Chemical -than O -do O -non O -- O -acidotic O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -Consequently O -, O -slice O -swelling O -obliterates O -the O -important O -fact O -that O -ammonia B-Chemical -production O -by O -the O -mitochondrial O -pathway O -is O -15 O -- O -fold O -greater O -in O -acidotic O -than O -in O -non O -- O -acidotic O -kidneys O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulation O -in O -renal O -gluconeogenesis O -resulting O -from O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -and O -parathyroid O -hormone O -was O -inhibited O -by O -imidazole O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -overall O -reaction O -rates O -for O -the O -beta O -- O -elimination O -of O -serine O -and O -O O -- O -phosphoserine O -, O -catalyzed O -by O -various O -vitamin O -B O -- O -6 O -analogs O -( O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -5 O -' O -- O -deoxypyridoxal O -and O -N O -- O -methylpyridoxal O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -) O -in O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -Cu2 O -+ O -ions O -, O -are O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phosphate B-Chemical -group O -acts O -as O -an O -intramolecular O -general O -base O -catalyst O -, O -most O -probably O -at O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -proton O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -For O -the O -eliminations O -at O -the O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -atoms O -of O -O O -- O -phosphoserine O -in O -vitamin O -B O -- O -6 O -- O -catalysed O -reactions O -a O -common O -transition O -state O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -CMP O -- O -NAcNeu O -hydrolase O -was O -inhibited O -by O -EDTA O -, O -beta O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -, O -nucleoside B-Chemical -phosphates O -and O -nucleotide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sugars I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Leu O -- O -Gly O -dipeptidase O -did O -apparently O -not O -contain O -an O -essential O -thiol B-Chemical -group O -and O -had O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -organic O -solvents O -the O -substrate O -( O -superoxide B-Chemical -radical O -) O -and O -solvated O -electron O -result O -in O -reduction O -of O -the O -protein O -copper B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protein O -that O -is O -reduced O -by O -the O -radical O -or O -the O -solvated O -electron O -may O -be O -reoxidized O -by O -molecular O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -the O -latter O -being O -reduced O -to O -the O -superoxide B-Chemical -radical O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1 O -) O -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -fetal O -hemoglobin O -was O -higher O -than O -that O -of O -adult O -hemoglobin O -both O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -absence O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -binding O -of O -FMN O -by O -apoflavodoxin O -from O -Peptostreptococcus O -elsdenii O -, O -pH O -and O -NaCl B-Chemical -concentration O -dependence O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -variation O -of O -magneto O -- O -optical O -rotatory O -dispersion O -with O -pH O -for O -carp O -deoxyhemoglobin O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -absence O -of O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -was O -interpreted O -as O -a O -pH O -- O -induced O -allosteric O -transition O -between O -the O -structures O -of O -high O -and O -low O -ligand O -affinity O -( O -the O -R O -and O -T O -states O -in O -terms O -of O -the O -two O -state O -model O -of O -cooperativity O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -the O -reduction O -of O -cytochrome O -c O -by O -the O -superoxide B-Chemical -anion O -radical O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -yield O -of O -ferrocytochrome O -c O -( O -82 O -- O -104 O -% O -) O -, O -as O -related O -to O -the O -amount O -of O -O2 O -- O -produced O -, O -is O -slightly O -dependent O -on O -the O -concentration O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -formate O -in O -the O -matrix O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -by O -copper B-Chemical -ions O -is O -removed O -by O -EDTA O -without O -interference O -in O -the O -O2 O -- O -reduction O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Algal O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -. O - -aps B-category -Scenedesmus O -obliquus O -contains O -two O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -- O -) O -one O -of O -which O -uses O -NADH O -as O -its O -preferred O -coenzyme O -( O -D O -- O -enzyme O -) O -and O -the O -other O -NADPH B-Chemical -( O -T O -- O -enzyme O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -components O -of O -the O -generating O -system O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -D O -- O -enzyme O -individually O -and O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -was O -probably O -responsible O -for O -the O -change O -in O -nucleotide B-Chemical -specificity O -. O - -aps B-category -Initially O -, O -a O -single O -boundary O -of O -S20 O -, O -w O -equals O -14 O -. O -5 O -S O -was O -present O -, O -but O -on O -conversion O -to O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -activity O -by O -incubation O -with O -the O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -- O -generating O -system O -, O -new O -boundaries O -of O -7 O -. O -5 O -S O -and O -5 O -. O -5 O -S O -appeared O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -may O -be O -explained O -if O -acylation O -of O -the O -active O -site O -of O -the O -D O -- O -enzyme O -by O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -results O -in O -displacement O -of O -the O -bound O -nucleotide B-Chemical -, O -thus O -promoting O -nucleotide B-Chemical -exchange O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -of O -choline B-Chemical -by O -rat O -liver O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximally O -about O -30 O -nmol O -choline B-Chemical -per O -mg O -mitochondrial O -protein O -are O -found O -in O -the O -matrix O -space O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -of O -uncoupler O -- O -stimulated O -choline B-Chemical -oxidation O -by O -cations O -is O -the O -result O -of O -an O -inhibition O -of O -choline B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -3alpha O -- O -hydroxysteroid O -dehydrogenase O -was O -active O -against O -3alpha O -- O -OH O -- O -containing O -steroids B-Chemical -such O -as O -androsterone O -regardless O -of O -the O -sterochemistry O -of O -the O -5H O -( O -Both O -A O -/ O -B O -cis O -and O -A O -/ O -B O -trans O -steroides O -were O -substrates O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -phosphatidylinositol O -phosphodiesterase O -from O -the O -culture O -broth O -of O -Bacillus O -cereus O -, O -was O -purified O -to O -a O -homogeneous O -state O -as O -indicated O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -and O -chromatography O -with O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -and O -CM O -- O -Sephadex O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -triacylglycerol B-Chemical -lipase O -in O -a O -mitochondrial O -fraction O -from O -baker O -' O -s O -yeast O -( O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -triacylglycerol B-Chemical -was O -hydrolyzed O -almost O -completely O -to O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -glycerol O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -effect O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -observed O -at O -concentrations O -above O -1mM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -required O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -was O -inhibited O -by O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -. O - -aps B-category -SN B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Glycerol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -acyltransferase O -was O -solubilized O -from O -membranes O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -B O -and O -K O -- O -12 O -and O -purified O -on O -an O -affinity O -column O -of O -Sepharose O -4B O -coupled O -with O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -AR O -I O -was O -activated O -by O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -compounds O -and O -exhibited O -biphasic O -double O -reciprocal O -plots O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -role O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -in O -porcine O -pancreatic O -phospholipase O -A2 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -carboxymethylation O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -15 I-Chemical -destroys O -the O -interface O -recognition O -site O -but O -has O -only O -limited O -influence O -on O -the O -active O -site O -of O -the O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -on O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -benzoylarginine O -ethyl O -ester O -by O -porcine O -enteropeptidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Below O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -stimulate O -benzoylarginine O -ethyl O -ester O -hydrolysis O -but O -inhibit O -this O -activity O -above O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Enteropeptidase O -activity O -is O -not O -inhibited O -by O -ethylenediaminetetra O -- O -acetate O -indicating O -that O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -are O -a O -non O -- O -essential O -cofactor O -for O -benzoylarginine O -ethyl O -ester O -hydrolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -high O -- O -molecular O -- O -weight O -( O -250 O -000 O -) O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -hydrolase O -( O -cholylglycine O -hydrolase O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -5 O -. O -- O -. O -- O -) O -was O -isolated O -and O -purified O -128 O -- O -fold O -from O -the O -" O -spheroplast O -lysate O -" O -fraction O -prepared O -from O -Bacteroids O -fragilis O -subsp O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -for O -the O -64 O -- O -fold O -purified O -enzyme O -isolated O -from O -Bio O -- O -Gel O -A O -1 O -. O -5 O -M O -chromatography O -was O -4 O -. O -2 O -and O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -hydrolase O -activity O -measured O -in O -intact O -cell O -suspensions O -had O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -4 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -7 O -- O -alpha O -- O -hydroxysteroid O -dehydrogenase O -was O -absolutely O -correlated O -with O -that O -of O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -hydrolase O -activity O -in O -six O -to O -ten O -strains O -and O -subspecies O -of O -B O -. O -fragilis O -. O - -aps B-category -Reactivation O -proceedes O -slowly O -; O -with O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -the O -stable O -level O -of O -enzyme O -activity O -is O -attained O -in O -20 O -- O -30 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Upon O -trypsin O -- O -mediated O -activation O -no O -appreciable O -change O -is O -detected O -in O -the O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -enzyme O -subunits O -as O -judged O -from O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -nor O -in O -the O -pH O -vs O -. O -activity O -profile O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -added O -metal O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -estrone O -glucuronyltransferase O -( O -UDP O -- O -glucuronate O -: O -17 O -beta O -- O -oestradiol O -3 O -- O -glucuronosyltransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -59 O -) O -exhibits O -high O -substrate O -specificity O -in O -that O -it O -is O -inhibited O -noncompetetively O -by O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17 I-Chemical -beta O -, O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17 I-Chemical -alpha O -, O -estriol O -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -phenolphthalein O -and O -bilirubin B-Chemical -; O -p O -- O -nitrophenol O -and O -o O -- O -aminophenol O -do O -not O -inhibit O -the O -glucuronidation O -of O -estrone O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -significant O -interaction O -between O -the O -barbiturates O -and O -dipalmitoyl O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Local O -anaesthetics O -, O -which O -reduce O -the O -temperature O -of O -lipid O -phase O -transitions O -, O -trigger O -a O -change O -of O -the O -annular O -lipid O -from O -the O -gel O -to O -the O -liquid O -- O -crystalline O -state O -, O -with O -a O -consequent O -relaxation O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -channel O -to O -an O -inactive O -configuration O -, O -in O -which O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -current O -is O -reduced O -or O -blocked O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -this O -technique O -for O -the O -sudy O -of O -transport O -and O -phosphorylation O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -in O -rabbit O -renal O -cortical O -slices O -and O -tissue O -extracts O -, O -it O -was O -found O -: O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -1 O -mM O -sugar O -, O -galactose B-Chemical -was O -accumulated O -in O -the O -cells O -against O -a O -modest O -concentration O -gradient O -of O -1 O -. O -445 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -097 O -( O -n O -= O -17 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -saline O -pH O -( O -6 O -- O -8 O -) O -increased O -the O -cellular O -levels O -of O -sugar O -phosphate B-Chemical -without O -affecting O -the O -steady O -- O -state O -values O -of O -free O -sugar O -. O - -aps B-category -0 O -. O -5 O -mM O -phlorizin B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -tissue O -uptake O -of O -galactose B-Chemical -and O -its O -subsequent O -oxidation O -to O -CO2 O -only O -to O -a O -minor O -degree O -( O -30 O -and O -10 O -% O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Preincubation O -of O -the O -tissue O -with O -phlorizin B-Chemical -and O -subsequent O -washing O -in O -part O -abolished O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Efflux O -studies O -showed O -that O -the O -wash O -- O -out O -of O -free O -galactose B-Chemical -from O -slices O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -net O -decrease O -of O -both O -free O -and O -phosphorylated O -tissue O -sugar O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -participation O -of O -intracellular O -galactokinase O -and O -a O -Zn2 O -+ O -- O -activated O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -in O -the O -maintenance O -of O -the O -steady O -state O -of O -free O -and O -phosphorylated O -galactose B-Chemical -in O -the O -cells O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -of O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -by O -cortical O -slices O -is O -associated O -with O -an O -appearance O -of O -both O -free O -and O -phosphorylated O -sugar O -in O -the O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acid O -- O -labile O -sugar O -phosphate B-Chemical -accumulated O -in O -the O -tissue O -has O -been O -identified O -by O -a O -combination O -of O -paper O -and O -radio O -- O -chromatography O -, O -as O -well O -as O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -some O -of O -its O -chemical O -properties O -, O -as O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Sugar O -phosphate B-Chemical -accumulated O -in O -the O -cells O -is O -dephosphorylated O -by O -the O -action O -of O -a O -Zn2 O -+ O -- O -activated O -phosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -efflux O -is O -associated O -with O -some O -dephosphorylation O -of O -cellular O -sugar O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -and O -some O -loss O -of O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -into O -the O -wash O -- O -out O -medium O -takes O -place O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -incorporation O -by O -smooth O -muscle O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -incorporation O -required O -the O -presence O -of O -both O -ATP O -and O -Mg2 O -+ O -and O -was O -unaffected O -by O -azide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimum O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -rate O -was O -4 O -. O -5 O -nmol O -Ca2 O -+ O -/ O -mg O -protein O -per O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -medium O -was O -supplemented O -with O -oxalate O -, O -the O -stimulation O -of O -45Ca O -incorporation O -was O -barely O -detectable O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -choline B-Chemical -+ O -and O -it O -was O -lower O -in O -a O -medium O -containing O -Na O -+ O -instead O -of O -K O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -oxalate O -- O -stimulated O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -activity O -sedimented O -faster O -than O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -binding O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -concentration O -by O -liposomes O -maintaining O -p O -/ O -gradients O -. O - -aps B-category -Surface O -and O -interior O -electrical O -properties O -of O -lecithin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cholesterol I-Chemical -bilayer O -membranes O -treated O -with O -the O -uncoupler O -pentachlorophenol O -have O -been O -determined O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -a O -. O -c O -. O -measurements O -over O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -frequencies O -( O -0 O -. O -02 O -to O -1000 O -kHZ O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thawed O -marrow O -was O -further O -processed O -to O -remove O -both O -DMSO B-Chemical -and O -free O -hemoglobin O -prior O -to O -reinfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparitive O -study O -was O -made O -of O -the O -effect O -produced O -by O -endogenous O -blastomogenic O -agents O -( O -3 O -- O -oxyanthranylic O -and O -paraoxphenyl O -- O -lactic O -acids O -) O -and O -their O -nonblastomogenic O -anaogues O -( O -anthranylic O -and O -phenyl O -- O -lactic O -acids O -) O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminotranspherase I-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -on O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -of O -rat O -hypothalamus O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -was O -used O -as O -a O -substance O -with O -a O -known O -adrenergic O -type O -of O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -in O -vitro O -decreased O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -, O -especially O -that O -of O -the O -membrane O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -was O -made O -of O -the O -interrelationship O -between O -the O -minimal O -effective O -doses O -of O -pseudoclonic O -and O -clonico O -- O -tonic O -convulsions O -, O -and O -also O -tonic O -extension O -caused O -by O -the O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -corazol O -to O -mice O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -anticonvulsive O -action O -of O -sulazepam O -and O -its O -metabolites O -( O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -desmethyldiazepam O -and O -oxadiazepam O -) O -on O -this O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Suppression O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -synthesis O -during O -the O -" O -graft O -- O -versus O -- O -host O -" O -reaction O -in O -F1 O -( O -CBAXC57BL O -/ O -6 O -) O -mice O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -with O -the O -mouse O -bone O -marrow O -cells O -during O -the O -development O -of O -the O -GVHR O -the O -interferon B-Chemical -response O -was O -first O -reduced O -and O -then O -disappeared O -completely O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -In O -cats O -analgesia O -was O -produced O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -sulphate O -introduced O -into O -different O -parts O -of O -the O -liquor O -space O -in O -doses O -too O -small O -to O -be O -effective O -on O -intravenous O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -site O -where O -morphine B-Chemical -acts O -when O -producing O -analgesia O -in O -all O -three O -circumstances O -is O -at O -the O -ventral O -surface O -of O -the O -brain O -stem O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -theory O -postulates O -a O -morphine B-Chemical -sensitivity O -of O -tryptaminergic O -nerve O -fibres O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -effects O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -in O -the O -superior O -cervical O -ganglia O -of O -the O -rabbit O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -of O -the O -serum O -gastrin O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -patients O -with O -multiple O -endocrine O -neoplasia O -type O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -Variations O -in O -gastrin O -concentrations O -were O -induced O -by O -metiamide O -and O -secretin O -; O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -altered O -by O -parathyroidectomy O -and O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -alteration O -of O -the O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -was O -accompanied O -by O -significant O -parallel O -changes O -in O -the O -serum O -gastrin O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -postulated O -that O -the O -thyro O -- O -parathyroid O -hormones O -may O -modulate O -the O -relationship O -between O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -gastrin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -and O -gastro O -- O -intestinal O -polypeptides O -are O -of O -considerable O -physiological O -interest O -but O -are O -unlikely O -to O -have O -clinical O -importance O -in O -the O -immediate O -future O -. O - -aps B-category -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -fell O -markedly O -while O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -Choline O -acetyltransferase O -, O -phenylethanolamine O -- O -N O -- O -methyltransferase O -, O -and O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -declined O -in O -some O -areas O -, O -but O -not O -in O -others O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurohormonal O -regulation O -of O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -triglyceride B-Chemical -by O -subsynaptosomal O -fractions O -of O -brain O -of O -guinea O -pig O -. O - -aps B-category -Anemai O -( O -hematocrit O -= O -16 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -% O -) O -was O -induced O -by O -an O -isovolumic O -exchange O -transfusion O -with O -Dextran B-Chemical -70 O -, O -and O -was O -followed O -by O -significant O -increments O -in O -cardiac O -output O -( O -+ O -57 O -+ O -/ O -- O -9 O -% O -) O -, O -max O -dP O -/ O -dt O -of O -the O -left O -ventricle O -( O -+ O -37 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -in O -peak O -acceleration O -of O -blood O -flow O -in O -the O -ascending O -aorta O -( O -+ O -46 O -+ O -/ O -- O -13 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -induces O -acute O -natriuresis O -by O -beta O -blockade O -and O -dopaminergic O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -increased O -more O -in O -rats O -depleted O -of O -renin O -by O -chronic O -Doca O -and O -salt B-Chemical -administration O -than O -in O -rats O -maintained O -on O -a O -low O -salt B-Chemical -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -the O -natriuresis O -was O -not O -mediated O -by O -antidiuretic O -hormone O -, O -aldosterone B-Chemical -, O -or O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Propranolol I-Chemical -decreased O -heart O -rate O -and O -cardiac O -output O -but O -systemic O -pressure O -did O -not O -fall O -and O -renal O -blood O -flow O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -pimozide O -, O -both O -dopamine B-Chemical -blocking O -agents O -with O -minimal O -beta O -blocking O -effects O -, O -prevented O -the O -natriuretic O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -in O -brain O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -following O -acetylcholinesterase O -blockade O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -activation O -has O -a O -biphasic O -effect O -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -EC O -4 O -. O -14 O -. O -3 O -- O -) O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -DOPA O -decarboxylase O -( O -EC O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -28 O -) O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -14 O -. O -17 O -. O -1 O -) O -were O -not O -changed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rapid O -acute O -effects O -may O -be O -due O -to O -an O -allosteric O -inactivation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -, O -while O -the O -chronic O -effects O -may O -reflect O -enzyme O -induction O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rapidly O -induced O -and O -readily O -reversible O -shift O -in O -the O -affinity O -of O -hemoglobin O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -has O -been O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -the O -blood O -becomes O -reoxygenated O -, O -the O -levels O -of O -DPG O -- O -hemoglobin O -binding O -decline O -and O -DPG O -is O -displaced O -from O -the O -hemoglobin O -by O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -egg O -lecithin O -- O -water O -lamellar O -phases O -, O -spin O -- O -labeled O -stearic O -acid O -gives O -two O -superimposed O -ESR O -spectra O -which O -are O -only O -well O -resolved O -when O -the O -temperature O -is O -greater O -than O -30 O -degrees O -C O -. O -These O -two O -spectral O -components O -are O -attributed O -to O -the O -dissociated O -and O -non O -- O -dissociated O -forms O -of O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -carboxylic O -group O -, O -anchored O -at O -two O -different O -positions O -in O -the O -polar O -interface O -constituted O -by O -the O -hydrated O -lipid O -polar O -heads O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -sodium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -, O -" O -Sephadex O -G200 O -" O -gel O -filtration O -and O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -a O -L O -- O -threonine O -desaminase O -was O -demonstrated O -in O -the O -Guinea O -- O -Pig O -liver O -cytosol O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -, O -prior O -to O -acid O -- O -loading O -, O -their O -arterial O -blood O -gas O -values O -were O -within O -the O -normal O -range O -and O -urinary O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -excretion O -was O -trival O -, O -the O -findings O -are O -consistent O -with O -the O -incomplete O -syndrome O -of O -distal O -renal O -tubular O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -salinity O -and O -temperature O -on O -intracellular O -osmoregulation O -and O -muscle O -free O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -Fundulus O -diaphanus O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -saline O -acclimation O -on O -plasma O -electrolytes O -, O -urea B-Chemical -excretion O -, O -and O -hepatic O -urea B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -in O -a O -freshwater O -stingray O -, O -Potamotrygon O -sp O -. O - -aps B-category -Age O -- O -dependent O -response O -of O -neonate O -fowls O -to O -peripheral O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -effects O -on O -cholinergic O -synaptic O -transmission O -in O -Aplysia O -: O -evidence O -for O -receptor O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -, O -combined O -with O -results O -of O -mixing O -experiments O -, O -suggest O -that O -the O -effect O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -is O -mediated O -through O -cellular O -factors O -produced O -in O -response O -to O -its O -inclusion O -in O -the O -growth O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulfatase O -B O -, O -subsequently O -chromatographed O -on O -CM O -- O -cellulose O -was O -apparently O -homogenous O -as O -judged O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -absence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -sulfatase O -B O -which O -showed O -minimal O -inhibition O -, O -sulfatase O -A O -was O -totally O -inhibited O -by O -5 O -mM O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -clinical O -study O -was O -carried O -out O -to O -evaluate O -the O -usefulness O -of O -intravenous O -lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -given O -for O -sedation O -instead O -of O -opiate O -narcotics O -or O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -in O -25 O -seriously O -- O -ill O -patients O -being O -treated O -in O -a O -respiratory O -and O -intensive O -care O -unit O -. O - -aps B-category -Apart O -from O -some O -delay O -in O -onset O -of O -action O -, O -lorazepam B-Chemical -proved O -to O -be O -a O -useful O -sedative O -with O -diminished O -recall O -on O -the O -part O -of O -the O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Behavior O -modification O -for O -addicts O -on O -methadone B-Chemical -maintenance O -. O - -aps B-category -Twelve O -male O -duodenal O -ulcer O -in O -- O -patients O -received O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -either O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -cimetidine B-Chemical -( O -4 O -X O -200 O -mg O -/ O -d O -p O -. O -o O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Plotting O -of O -log O -ulcer O -sizes O -( O -mm2 O -) O -against O -time O -( O -days O -) O -resulted O -in O -regression O -lines O -the O -slopes O -of O -which O -indicated O -the O -respective O -half O -- O -time O -of O -ulcer O -healing O -: O -about O -6 O -days O -on O -cimetidine B-Chemical -therapy O -and O -about O -20 O -days O -on O -placebo O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -statistically O -significant O -changes O -in O -laboratory O -findings O -( O -haemoglobin O -, O -white O -blood O -- O -cells O -, O -neutrophils O -, O -platelets O -, O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -, O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -creatinine I-Chemical -, O -GOT O -, O -GPT O -) O -were O -associated O -with O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -first O -hours O -of O -treatment O -98 O -+ O -/ O -- O -12IU O -of O -insulin O -, O -6 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -litres O -of O -fluid O -, O -168 O -+ O -/ O -- O -22 O -mmol O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -237 O -+ O -/ O -- O -55 O -mmol O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -were O -required O -. O - -aps B-category -Progesterone B-Chemical -binding O -to O -uteroglobin O -was O -decreased O -by O -lyophilization O -and O -enhanced O -by O -SH O -- O -reducing O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Uteroglobin O -had O -a O -relatively O -high O -affinity O -for O -progesterone B-Chemical -( O -KD O -= O -4 O -. O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -) O -but O -a O -threefold O -higher O -affinity O -for O -5alpha O -- O -pregnane O -- O -3 O -, O -20 O -- O -dione O -( O -KD O -= O -1 O -. O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Hormonal O -specificity O -of O -binding O -to O -uteroglobin O -was O -different O -from O -that O -of O -binding O -to O -rabbit O -uterine O -progesterone B-Chemical -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Diethylstilbestrol O -had O -some O -affinity O -( O -15 O -% O -of O -that O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -) O -for O -uteroglobin O -and O -no O -affinity O -for O -the O -progesterone B-Chemical -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Progesterone B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -vitro O -by O -rabbit O -testes O -at O -different O -stages O -of O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -12 O -days O -of O -age O -, O -major O -C21 O -- O -17 O -- O -OH O -- O -and O -C19 O -- O -steroids B-Chemical -formed O -from O -progesterone B-Chemical -were O -17alpha O -- O -hydroxyprogesterone O -and O -testosterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -significant O -quantities O -of O -5alpha O -- O -reduced O -C19 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -steroids I-Chemical -, O -which O -had O -been O -demonstrated O -previously O -only O -in O -prepubertal O -testes O -of O -rats O -and O -mice O -, O -was O -present O -in O -prepubertal O -as O -well O -as O -adult O -testes O -of O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -C19 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -steroids I-Chemical -formed O -by O -testes O -are O -testosterone B-Chemical -in O -the O -adult O -rat O -and O -mouse O -, O -but O -5alpha O -- O -reduced O -C19 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -steroids I-Chemical -in O -the O -adult O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fate O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -released O -from O -rat O -anterior O -pituitary O -into O -the O -incubation O -medium O -in O -vitro O -: O -enzymatic O -degradation O -and O -acid O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -pituitaries O -were O -removed O -, O -ACTH B-Chemical -activity O -in O -the O -medium O -decreased O -exponentially O -during O -further O -incubation O -at O -37degreesC O -. O - -aps B-category -Crude O -tissue O -extracts O -from O -median O -eminence O -, O -cerebral O -cortex O -and O -liver O -similarly O -inhibited O -the O -loss O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -ACTH B-Chemical -activity O -in O -the O -incubation O -medium O -was O -increased O -promptly O -by O -acidification O -of O -the O -medium O -to O -pH O -1 O -. O -5 O -- O -2 O -. O -5 O -with O -HC1 O -, O -and O -reduced O -to O -the O -initial O -level O -by O -NaOH B-Chemical -reneutralization O -of O -the O -medium O -( O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -- O -7 O -. O -8 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -Porphyra O -umbilicalis O -ferredoxin O -was O -determined O -as O -( O -Lys4 O -, O -His2 O -, O -Arg1 O -, O -Asx10 O -, O -Thr8 O -, O -Ser7 O -, O -Glx16 O -- O -17 O -, O -Pro3 O -, O -Gly7 O -, O -Ala8 O -, O -Cys5 O -, O -Val6 O -, O -Met1 O -, O -Ile5 O -, O -Leu8 O -, O -Tyr5 O -, O -Phe2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -after O -transfer O -and O -contact O -to O -the O -antigen O -( O -skin O -graft O -) O -they O -can O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -formation O -of O -specific O -( O -" O -activated O -" O -) O -suppressor O -cells O -and O -can O -mediate O -in O -the O -long O -run O -a O -specific O -inhibition O -of O -the O -response O -to O -this O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -Increases O -in O -tension O -following O -the O -addition O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -were O -shown O -to O -be O -mediated O -via O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Specimens O -responded O -to O -transmural O -electrical O -stimulation O -only O -when O -the O -pulse O -width O -was O -greater O -than O -4 O -msec O -, O -and O -such O -responses O -were O -unaffected O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -tetrodotoxin O -, O -phentolamine B-Chemical -and O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antiarrhythmic O -activity O -of O -a O -new O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -, O -6 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -3 O -- O -isopropylaminopropyloxy O -) O -- O -benzothiazole O -succinate O -( O -KF O -- O -577 O -) O -, O -was O -compared O -with O -that O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Reserpinization O -greatly O -reduced O -ouabain B-Chemical -intoxication O -and O -neither O -of O -the O -two O -beta O -- O -blockers O -produced O -further O -reduction O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -intact O -guinea O -pigs O -, O -the O -reduction O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -intoxication O -by O -both O -beta O -- O -blockers O -could O -not O -exceed O -that O -produced O -by O -simulataneous O -infusion O -of O -KCl O -, O -and O -vice O -versa O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -agents O -such O -as O -clozapine B-Chemical -, O -cis O -- O -flupenthixol O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -induced O -comparable O -increases O -in O -HVA O -levels O -, O -whereas O -the O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -neuroleptic I-Chemical -trans O -- O -isomer O -of O -flupenthixol O -was O -inactive O -in O -both O -structures O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -and O -oxotremorine O -induced O -a O -rise O -in O -HVA O -levels O -in O -the O -corpus O -striatum O -but O -not O -in O -retinal O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -gastric O -mucosal O -erosions O -induced O -by O -indomethacin B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -was O -inhibited O -in O -a O -time O -- O -and O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -by O -antisecretory O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -, O -the O -methyl O -analogues O -of O -PGE2 B-Chemical -being O -400 O -times O -as O -active O -as O -the O -parent O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -anaesthetised O -rat O -, O -the O -low O -incidence O -of O -erosions O -with O -indomethacin B-Chemical -was O -markedly O -increased O -by O -concurrent O -gastric O -perfusion O -with O -acid O -saline O -and O -taurocholate O -. O - -aps B-category -Cats O -were O -depleted O -of O -endogenous O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -by O -pretreatment O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -18 O -h O -) O -and O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -( O -twice O -300 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -18 O -and O -2 O -h O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -cell O -density O -, O -pH O -- O -value O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -on O -the O -MPS O -distribution O -pattern O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -value O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -connection O -with O -cell O -density O -proved O -to O -be O -important O -factors O -in O -the O -modification O -of O -the O -MPS O -distribution O -pattern O -. O - -aps B-category -Allantoinase O -, O -an O -enzyme O -in O -the O -purine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -cycle O -, O -was O -found O -in O -Eudistylia O -vancouveri O -( O -Polychaeta O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Intensity O -and O -density O -of O -cardiac O -9 O -- O -AAP O -fluorescence O -were O -markedly O -reduced O -following O -pretreatment O -with O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -and O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -but O -not O -with O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Blocking O -H2 O -receptors O -with O -burimamide O -in O -the O -dose O -used O -( O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -approximately O -doubles O -the O -amount O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -needed O -to O -produce O -the O -same O -effect O -as O -seen O -when O -H1 O -antagonists O -( O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -or O -mepyramine O -) O -are O -used O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -binding O -( O -the O -Haldane O -coefficient O -) O -of O -bovine O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -administration O -on O -cerebellar O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -treatment O -lowered O -C O -- O -GMP O -levels O -as O -did O -abrupt O -withdrawal O -without O -naloxone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -liver O -microsomes O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -regenerating I-Chemical -system O -, O -and O -1beta O -, O -2beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -testosterone I-Chemical -have O -been O -incubated O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Pre O -- O -treatment O -of O -the O -rats O -with O -thioacetamide O -raised O -the O -liberation O -of O -tritium O -from O -1beta O -, O -2beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -testosterone I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Structural O -and O -functional O -studies O -of O -haemoglobin O -Suresnes O -or O -alpha2 O -141 O -( O -HC3 O -) O -Arg O -replaced O -by O -His O -beta2 O -, O -a O -new O -high O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -mutant O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -sulfate O -ion O -with O -a O -critical O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residue O -in O -yeast O -phosphoglycerate O -kinase O -detected O -through O -the O -tetranitromethane O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -deserpidine O -, O -reserpine B-Chemical -, O -and O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltyrosine I-Chemical -on O -brain O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Spleen O -cells O -from O -virgin O -female O -mice O -and O -rats O -injected O -subcutaneously O -with O -this O -steroid B-Chemical -compound O -produced O -in O -appropriate O -F1 O -recipients O -a O -significantly O -weaker O -reaction O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -than O -spleen O -cells O -from O -untreated O -or O -medium O -- O -treated O -control O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -as O -a O -possible O -neurotransmitter O -in O -gastric O -relaxation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -was O -blocked O -by O -pimozide O -or O -by O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -but O -was O -not O -significantly O -affected O -by O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -guanethidine B-Chemical -, O -or O -FLA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -63 I-Chemical -( O -a O -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -inhibitor O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -decreased O -the O -magnitude O -and O -duration O -of O -this O -receptive O -relaxation O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -intestinal O -iron B-Chemical -absorption O -by O -laundry O -starch O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -large O -quantities O -of O -starch O -may O -inhibit O -intestinal O -iron B-Chemical -absorption O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -both O -forms O -of O -iron B-Chemical -was O -pH O -- O -dependent O -, O -with O -maximal O -binding O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -obtained O -indicated O -that O -laundry O -starch O -( O -1 O -) O -binds O -appreciable O -quantities O -of O -inorganic O -and O -hemoglobin O -iron B-Chemical -in O -vitro O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -inhibits O -the O -mucosal O -uptake O -or O -inorganic O -iron B-Chemical -by O -isolated O -intestinal O -loops O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -inhibits O -the O -intestinal O -absorption O -of O -inorganic O -iron B-Chemical -in O -normal O -nonanemic O -rats O -, O -and O -( O -4 O -) O -blunts O -the O -compensatory O -increase O -in O -inorganic O -and O -organic O -iron B-Chemical -absorption O -in O -anemic O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -intravenously O -administered O -serotonin B-Chemical -on O -water O -and O -electrolyte O -fluxes O -in O -the O -in O -vivo O -rabbit O -jejunum O -and O -ileum O -was O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Serotonin B-Chemical -administration O -resulted O -in O -highly O -significant O -net O -secretion O -of O -H2O O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -in O -both O -jejunum O -and O -ileum O -in O -the O -groups O -with O -a O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -perfusate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -ileum O -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -significantly O -enhanced O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Unidirectional O -22Na O -flux O -analysis O -revealed O -a O -marked O -diminution O -in O -both O -mucosal O -to O -serosal O -and O -serosal O -to O -mucosal O -fluxes O -in O -serotonin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -spite O -of O -its O -pronounced O -effect O -on O -water O -and O -electrolyte O -transport O -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -failed O -to O -produce O -any O -detectable O -histological O -alterations O -in O -small O -bowel O -mucosa O -, O -either O -by O -light O -or O -electron O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Lower O -esophageal O -sphincter O -response O -to O -oral O -administration O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -in O -normal O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -reported O -agranulocytosis O -with O -metiamide O -, O -another O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -blocking O -agent O -, O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -was O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -Indicative O -of O -adequate O -absorption O -, O -significant O -serum O -levels O -were O -achieved O -with O -all O -doses O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -= O -0 O -. O -17 O -mug O -per O -ml O -; O -100 O -mg O -= O -0 O -. O -33 O -mug O -per O -ml O -; O -200 O -mg O -= O -0 O -. O -76 O -mug O -per O -ml O -; O -and O -400 O -mg O -= O -1 O -. O -61 O -mug O -per O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -pathophysiology O -of O -gastric O -mucosal O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -experiments O -were O -conducted O -in O -animals O -given O -H1 O -( O -mepyramine O -maleate B-Chemical -) O -and O -H2 O -( O -metiamide O -) O -histamine B-Chemical -antagonists O -, O -alone O -and O -in O -combination O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -experiments O -in O -which O -H1 O -and O -H2 O -histamine B-Chemical -antagonists O -were O -used O -in O -combination O -, O -taurocholate O -had O -very O -little O -effect O -on O -the O -ionic O -fluxes O -of O -H O -+ O -and O -Na O -+ O -, O -suggesting O -that O -changes O -in O -the O -ionic O -permeability O -of O -the O -gastric O -mucosal O -barrier O -are O -mediated O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -through O -both O -H1 O -and O -H2 O -receptor O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -Postprandial O -gastric O -, O -pancreatic O -, O -and O -biliary O -response O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -active O -duodenal O -ulcer O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -the O -effect O -of O -200 O -- O -and O -300 O -- O -mg O -doses O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -an O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -taken O -with O -an O -ordinary O -meal O -, O -on O -gastric O -, O -pancreatic O -, O -and O -biliary O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -taken O -orally O -with O -meals O -at O -these O -doses O -is O -a O -potent O -gastric O -antisecretory O -agent O -without O -affecting O -other O -postprandial O -gastric O -, O -pancreatic O -, O -or O -biliary O -functions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -paper O -comprises O -the O -description O -of O -properties O -of O -three O -mutant O -forms O -of O -glucoso B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -characterized O -according O -the O -WHO O -program O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -variant O -" O -Zhitomir O -" O -has O -90 O -- O -98 O -% O -of O -the O -normal O -electrophoretic O -mobility O -in O -TEB O -buffer O -and O -78 O -- O -84 O -% O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -Examination O -of O -the O -substrate O -specificity O -of O -the O -four O -enzymes O -by O -use O -of O -20 O -mM O -peptide O -concentrations O -indicated O -the O -most O -discriminating O -substrates O -for O -the O -four O -enzymes O -were O -Leu O -- O -Gly O -- O -Gly O -, O -His O -- O -Met O -, O -Ser O -- O -Phe O -, O -and O -leucine B-Chemical -amide O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -four O -enzymes O -lost O -more O -than O -85 O -% O -of O -their O -activity O -after O -1 O -hr O -at O -temperatures O -of O -50 O -degrees O -C O -or O -higher O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Procainamide B-Chemical -and O -ajmaline O -produced O -a O -marked O -protective O -effect O -against O -aconitine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -ventricular O -extrasystole O -, O -but O -were O -not O -so O -effective O -against O -aconitine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -ventricular O -fibrillation O -, O -while O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -and O -, O -to O -a O -lesser O -degree O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -were O -effective O -against O -the O -latter O -type O -of O -aconitine B-Chemical -arrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -procainamide B-Chemical -was O -most O -effective O -in O -abolishing O -the O -ventricular O -arrhythmia O -due O -to O -coronary O -- O -ligation O -even O -on O -the O -first O -postoperative O -day O -, O -Kö O -1400 O -- O -Cl O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -were O -almost O -ineffective O -on O -the O -first O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -contrary O -, O -all O -the O -beta O -- O -blockers O -tested O -produced O -a O -protective O -action O -against O -halothane B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenaline I-Chemical -arrhythmia O -at O -much O -lower O -doses O -than O -against O -coronary O -ligation O -arrhythmia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rats O -, O -Busulfan B-Chemical -administered O -in O -pregnancy O -can O -cause O -destruction O -of O -gonocytes O -and O -lack O -of O -spermatogenesis O -in O -adult O -male O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -toxics O -possibly O -responsible O -for O -damage O -to O -the O -prenatal O -male O -genital O -system O -include O -antiandrogens O -, O -estrogens B-Chemical -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -cytostatics O -, O -antimetabolites O -, O -antibiotics O -, O -and O -tranquilizers O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -A O -sensitive O -fluorometric O -determination O -of O -catechol B-Chemical -methyltransferase O -activity O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -snail O -( O -Helix O -pomatia O -) O -nervous O -tissue O -tyrosine B-Chemical -monooxygenase O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -some O -increase O -in O -the O -activity O -occurs O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -0 O -. O -01 O -mM O -, O -activation O -is O -increased O -by O -about O -100 O -% O -at O -1mM O -and O -reaches O -a O -maximum O -at O -5mM O -( O -144 O -% O -) O -where O -it O -remains O -more O -or O -less O -constant O -up O -to O -10mM O -. O - -aps B-category -EGTA O -has O -no O -direct O -effect O -on O -the O -enzyme O -but O -antagonises O -the O -activation O -produced O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -No O -change O -was O -observed O -with O -V O -values O -for O -either O -tyrosine B-Chemical -or O -pteridine O -cofactor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dansyl O -label O -was O -immobilized O -when O -introduced O -by O -dansyl O -chloride B-Chemical -but O -highly O -mobile O -when O -attached O -via O -the O -longer O -imidoester O -group O -( O -II O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Aryl O -hydrocarbon O -hydroxylase O -( O -AHH O -) O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -TAT O -) O -activities O -were O -determined O -in O -rat O -liver O -cell O -lines O -after O -frozen O -storage O -, O -long O -- O -term O -culture O -, O -and O -transformation O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -system O -is O -composed O -of O -a O -combination O -of O -3 O -screening O -procedures O -( O -pH O -- O -value O -+ O -nitrite B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -test I-Chemical -+ O -catalase O -- O -test O -) O -and O -8 O -selective O -culture O -media O -for O -the O -purpose O -of O -genus O -identification O -within O -24 O -hours O -( O -Uripret O -- O -G O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -were O -eluted O -from O -the O -former O -with O -80 O -per O -cent O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -from O -the O -latter O -with O -a O -mixture O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -ammonia B-Chemical -and O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -SRS O -joins O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -ECF O -- O -A O -as O -a O -preformed O -mediator O -. O - -aps B-category -Macromolecular O -binding O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -liver O -: O -part O -II O -- O -the O -soluble O -cytoplasmic O -binding O -component O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -exotoxin O -possesses O -adenosine B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ribosylation I-Chemical -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distribution O -of O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -in O -Africa O -and O -the O -tropics O -: O -report O -of O -a O -population O -study O -in O -Nigeria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prevalence O -rate O -of O -HBsAg B-Chemical -by O -complement O -fixation O -( O -CF O -) O -was O -12 O -- O -6 O -per O -cent O -in O -both O -areas O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -phosphocellulose O -chromatography O -in O -NaCl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -gradients O -, O -the O -resulting O -polypeptide O -mixture O -could O -be O -resolved O -in O -three O -fractions O -essentially O -homogeneous O -by O -disc O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -urea B-Chemical -at O -several O -pH O -values O -, O -and O -by O -isoelectric O -focusing O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -amount O -of O -any O -specific O -amino B-Chemical -could O -be O -detected O -in O -NH2 O -- O -terminal O -position O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -brief O -discussion O -of O -the O -various O -mechanisms O -of O -the O -glaucomas O -, O -both O -general O -and O -specific O -information O -is O -provided O -and O -discussed O -concerning O -antipsychotic O -, O -antidepressant B-Chemical -, O -antiparkinsonian O -and O -antianxiety O -preparations O -of O -a O -variety O -of O -chemical O -structures O -and O -utilities O -. O - -aps B-category -Simulation O -of O -inhibition O -by O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Progress O -curves O -were O -determined O -before O -and O -after O -incubation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -with O -PLP O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -saturating O -concentrations O -of O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -and O -ammonium B-Chemical -ion O -, O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -and O -25 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -data O -were O -fitted O -to O -the O -integrated O -Michaelis O -- O -Menten O -equation O -and O -an O -inhibition O -model O -derived O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -incubation O -with O -PLP O -, O -the O -dissociation O -constants O -of O -E B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NADPH I-Chemical -and O -E O -- O -- O -NADP O -+ O -( O -Km O -and O -Kp O -) O -show O -a O -very O -definite O -decrease O -, O -while O -the O -maximum O -rate O -of O -oxidation O -( O -Vm O -) O -is O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -hydrolysis O -in O -rat O -dental O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -An O -improved O -histofluorescence O -procedure O -for O -freeze O -- O -dried O -paraffin O -- O -embedded O -tissue O -based O -on O -combined O -formaldehyde O -- O -glyoxylic O -acid O -perfusion O -with O -high O -magnesium B-Chemical -content O -and O -acid O -pH O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -procedure O -is O -based O -on O -perfusion O -of O -the O -animal O -with O -a O -solution O -containing O -formaldehyde O -and O -/ O -or O -glyoxylic O -acid O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -very O -high O -magnesium B-Chemical -content O -( O -40 O -g O -MgSO4 O -/ O -150 O -ml O -solution O -) O -and O -acid O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -animals O -pretreated O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -and O -MAO O -- O -inhibitor O -the O -technique O -is O -also O -useful O -for O -studies O -on O -central O -indolamine O -- O -containing O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Thin O -layer O -chromatographic O -identification O -of O -some O -sympathomimetic O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sympathomimetic O -amines B-Chemical -were O -dissolved O -in O -0 O -. O -1N O -HCl O -or O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -treated O -with O -bromocresol O -green O -or O -p O -- O -nitrobenzoyl O -chloride B-Chemical -reagents O -on O -fiber O -sheets O -or O -precoated O -glass O -plates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -iodides O -of O -three O -lipid O -- O -soluble O -cations O -( O -dibenzyldimethylammonium O -; O -tribenzylmethylammonium O -, O -TBMA O -+ O -; O -ethyldimethylbenzylammonium O -) O -were O -synthesized O -by O -the O -reaction O -of O -14C O -- O -labeled O -methyl O -or O -14C O -- O -labeled O -ethyl O -iodide O -with O -the O -appropriate O -secondary O -of O -tertiary O -amine B-Chemical -and O -used O -in O -an O -attempt O -to O -measure O -the O -transmembrane O -electrical O -potential O -difference O -in O -Neocosmospora O -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -the O -ATCase O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -and O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -, O -the O -S O -. O -marcescens O -HY O -enzyme O -activity O -is O -not O -feedback O -inhibited O -by O -any O -purine B-Chemical -or O -pyrimidine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -effectors O -; O -instead O -, O -the O -enzyme O -is O -activated O -by O -both O -cytidine O -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -striking O -differences O -in O -pH O -optima O -, O -susceptibility O -to O -inhibitors O -and O -detergents O -, O -and O -heat O -inactivation O -between O -the O -NADH O -oxidase O -activity O -, O -with O -oxygen B-Chemical -as O -an O -electron O -acceptor O -, O -and O -the O -NADH O -oxidoreductase O -activity O -, O -with O -dichlorophenol O -indophenol O -( O -DCPIP O -) O -as O -an O -alternate O -electron O -acceptor O -, O -support O -the O -presence O -of O -more O -than O -one O -catalytic O -protein O -in O -both O -the O -membrane O -- O -bound O -and O -soluble O -enzyme O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -define O -the O -mechanism O -responsible O -for O -the O -slow O -rate O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -transport O -by O -cardiac O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -, O -the O -kinetic O -properties O -of O -the O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -dependent O -ATPase O -of O -canine O -cardiac O -microsomes O -were O -characterized O -and O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -a O -comparable O -preparation O -from O -rabbit O -fast O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -indicate O -that O -the O -relatively O -slow O -rate O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -transport O -by O -cardiac O -microsomes O -, O -whem O -compared O -to O -that O -of O -skeletal O -microsomes O -, O -reflects O -a O -lower O -density O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -pumping O -sites O -and O -lower O -Ca2 O -+ O -affinity O -for O -these O -sites O -, O -rather O -than O -a O -lower O -turnover O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -L O -- O -Glutamine O -and O -a O -variety O -of O -other O -amides O -were O -not O -hydrolyzed O -at O -significant O -rates O -; O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -for O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -was O -130 O -- O -to O -600 O -- O -fold O -less O -than O -that O -of O -other O -therapeutically O -effective O -L O -- O -asparaginases O -of O -bacterial O -origin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -different O -effects O -of O -KCl O -and O -NaCl B-Chemical -on O -the O -two O -proteins O -indicate O -the O -presence O -of O -cation O -binding O -sites O -in O -ferritin O -that O -are O -absent O -in O -apoferritin O -and O -possibly O -also O -the O -presence O -of O -anion O -binding O -sites O -in O -apoferritin O -that O -are O -occupied O -in O -ferritin O -by O -anions O -of O -the O -core O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -enzymes O -which O -transaminate O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -phenylalanine O -in O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -were O -each O -purified O -over O -200 O -- O -fold O -and O -partially O -characterized O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -enzyme O -is O -active O -on O -any O -other O -substrate O -involved O -in O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Histidinol O -phosphate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -is O -heat O -- O -sensitive O -, O -whereas O -aromatic O -aminotransferase O -is O -relatively O -heat O -- O -stable O -, O -particularly O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -enzyme O -has O -a O -4 O -- O -fold O -higher O -affinity O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -phenylalanine O -than O -does O -the O -aromatic O -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -significance O -of O -the O -fact O -that O -an O -enzyme O -of O -histidine O -synthesis O -plays O -an O -important O -role O -in O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -, O -which O -exhibits O -absorption O -maxima O -at O -274 O -, O -370 O -, O -415 O -, O -and O -440 O -nm O -and O -a O -shoulder O -at O -470 O -nm O -, O -contains O -1 O -mol O -of O -FAD O -and O -1 O -g O -atom O -of O -non O -- O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -per O -mol O -of O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -dithionite O -also O -reduces O -both O -the O -enzyme O -- O -bound O -FAD O -and O -Fe3 O -+ O -under O -anaerobic O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -activity O -is O -significantly O -inhibited O -by O -pyrocatechol O -- O -3 O -, O -5 O -- O -disulfonate O -disodium O -salt B-Chemical -, O -8 O -- O -hydroxyquinoline O -, O -reducing O -agents O -such O -as O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -, O -and O -HgCl2 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -case O -of O -cytochrome O -oxidase O -and O -bacteriorhodopsin O -proteoliposomes O -, O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -was O -also O -shown O -to O -be O -quite O -suitable O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -adrenocorticotropic O -hormone O -and O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -EPR O -resonance O -at O -g O -= O -8 O -. O -2 O -, O -which O -is O -that O -of O -the O -high O -spin O -cholesterol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bound I-Chemical -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450scc O -, O -is O -absent O -in O -the O -samples O -incubated O -at O -0 O -degrees O -and O -increases O -in O -magnitude O -with O -increasing O -temperature O -of O -incubation O -. O - -aps B-category -Prior O -treatment O -of O -animals O -with O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -eliminated O -the O -ACTH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -increase O -in O -the O -heat O -- O -generated O -type O -I O -absorbance O -change O -, O -the O -pregnenolone O -- O -induced O -type O -II O -absorbance O -change O -and O -the O -EPR O -g O -= O -8 O -. O -2 O -signal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -maximum O -is O -8 O -. O -5 O -in O -50 O -mM O -glycine B-Chemical -/ O -NaOH B-Chemical -buffer O -and O -from O -7 O -. O -5 O -to O -10 O -in O -50 O -mM O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -at O -30 O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -studies O -have O -been O -done O -in O -50 O -mM O -glycine B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -pH O -8 O -. O -5 O -, O -at O -30 O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -Dissociation O -constants O -are O -4 O -. O -8 O -muM O -for O -NADP O -+ O -and O -5 O -. O -1 O -muM O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -from O -isolated O -rat O -adipocytes O -has O -the O -ability O -to O -actively O -accumulate O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Endoplasmic O -reticulum O -vesicles O -isolated O -from O -the O -S1 O -fraction O -as O -a O -160 O -, O -000 O -X O -g O -microsomal O -pellet O -prior O -to O -testing O -demonstrated O -little O -ability O -to O -accumulate O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -was O -linear O -with O -time O -for O -at O -least O -30 O -min O -at O -all O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -tested O -( O -3 O -to O -100 O -muM O -) O -and O -exhibited O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -approximately O -7 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Ruthenium B-Chemical -red I-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -azide O -inhibited O -less O -than O -5 O -% O -of O -the O -uptake O -at O -concentrations O -( O -5 O -muM O -and O -10 O -mM O -, O -respectively O -) O -which O -completely O -blocked O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -mitochondria O -isolated O -from O -the O -same O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -energy O -- O -dependent O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -system O -would O -appear O -to O -be O -of O -physiologic O -importance O -to O -the O -regulation O -of O -intracellular O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Studying O -3T3 O -cells O -with O -this O -assay O -, O -we O -found O -that O -the O -presence O -of O -Na O -+ O -, O -K O -+ O -, O -Cl O -- O -, O -and O -Mg O -+ O -+ O -or O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -in O -a O -neutral O -or O -slightly O -alkaline O -phosphate B-Chemical -or O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -buffered O -solution O -is O -sufficient O -to O -support O -the O -optimal O -particle O -removal O -by O -the O -cells O -for O -at O -least O -50 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -it O -contains O -components O -which O -can O -neutralize O -the O -inhibitory O -actions O -of O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -and O -several O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -particularly O -L O -- O -cystine O -or O -L O -- O -cystein O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -preparations O -of O -demembranated O -brush O -borders O -exhibit O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -EDTA I-Chemical -ATPase O -activity O -of O -0 O -. O -02 O -mumol O -phosphate B-Chemical -/ O -mg O -- O -min O -( O -22 O -degrees O -C O -) O -; O -this O -assay O -is O -diagnostic O -for O -myosin O -- O -like O -ATPase O -isolated O -from O -vertebrate O -sources O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -is O -observed O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -, O -near O -the O -normal O -luminal B-Chemical -pH O -of O -the O -duodenum O -and O -jejunum O -at O -this O -age O -, O -but O -not O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -evaluated O -the O -effects O -of O -dietary O -PO4 O -restriction O -on O -25 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OH I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Vitamin I-Chemical -D3 I-Chemical -metabolism O -, O -serum O -iPTH O -levels O -, O -and O -mineral O -balances O -in O -healthy O -women O -and O -men O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -there O -was O -a O -striking O -sex O -difference O -in O -the O -response O -of O -serum O -PO4 O -to O -dietary O -PO4 O -deprivation O -; O -the O -levels O -falling O -progressively O -in O -women O -, O -but O -remaining O -at O -control O -levels O -in O -men O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Influence O -of O -low O -concentration O -fluoride B-Chemical -on O -the O -rate O -of O -dissolution O -of O -hydroxyapatite O -in O -acid O -buffer O -solution O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Acyl O -specificity O -in O -triglyceride B-Chemical -synthesis O -by O -lactating O -rat O -mammary O -gland O -. O - -aps B-category -Acyl O -- O -CoA O -: O -diglyceride O -acyltransferase O -activity O -was O -measured O -using O -various O -diglyceride O -and O -radioactive O -acyl O -- O -CoA O -substrates O -; O -products O -were O -identified O -as O -triglycerides B-Chemical -by O -thin O -- O -layer O -and O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -we O -conclude O -that O -the O -predominant O -localization O -of O -long O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -1 O -and O -2 O -positions O -, O -and O -of O -shorter O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -3 O -position O -of O -the O -glycerol O -backbone O -, O -results O -at O -least O -in O -part O -from O -the O -specificities O -of O -the O -mammary O -gland O -acyltransferases O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -excess O -of O -30 O -mM O -increase O -the O -rate O -of O -beating O -of O -lateral O -cilia O -on O -the O -gill O -of O -Mytilus O -edulis O -. O - -aps B-category -Cilioinhibition O -produced O -by O -high O -frequency O -( O -50 O -beats O -/ O -s O -) O -stimulation O -was O -decreased O -with O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -phenoxybenzamine O -( O -a O -dopaminergic O -inhibitor O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -doses O -incapable O -of O -maintaining O -a O -basal O -rate O -of O -beating O -( O -less O -than O -30 O -mM O -) O -could O -increase O -ciliary O -activity O -if O -phenoxybenzamine O -was O -also O -added O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -shows O -that O -the O -potassium B-Chemical -effect O -on O -ciliary O -activity O -( O -a O -) O -increase O -with O -low O -frequency O -nerve O -stimulation O -, O -presumably O -through O -the O -release O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -( O -b O -) O -decreases O -with O -high O -frequency O -nerve O -stimulation O -, O -presumably O -through O -the O -release O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -detailed O -account O -is O -given O -of O -an O -electrolytic O -method O -for O -determining O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -dissociation O -curve O -of O -fish O -blood O -using O -a O -single O -sample O -of O -50 O -- O -100 O -mul O -for O -the O -whole O -curve O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -these O -cells O -in O -each O -sensillum O -was O -shown O -to O -respond O -to O -ATP O -over O -a O -concentration O -range O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -. O -It O -was O -also O -sensitive O -to O -several O -other O -adenosine B-Chemical -phophates O -, O -but O -much O -less O -sensitive O -to O -CTP O -, O -GTP O -and O -ITP O -. O - -aps B-category -H O -+ O -secretion O -by O -the O -isolated O -bladder O -was O -measured O -simultaneously O -with O -the O -rate O -of O -14CO2 O -evolution O -from O -[ O -14C O -] O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -one O -, O -JH O -and O -JCO2 O -were O -altered O -by O -changing O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Chromaffin O -granules O -behave O -as O -perfect O -osmometers O -between O -340 O -and O -1 O -, O -000 O -mosM O -in O -choline B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -, O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -and O -KCl O -as O -measured O -by O -changes O -in O -absorbance O -at O -430 O -nm O -or O -from O -intragranular O -water O -measurements O -using O -3H2O O -and O -[ O -14C O -] O -polydextran O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -release O -under O -conditions O -where O -intravesicular O -calcium B-Chemical -accumulation O -is O -maximal O -indicates O -that O -catecholamine B-Chemical -release O -does O -not O -occur O -. O - -aps B-category -Growth O -as O -indicated O -by O -thermograms O -was O -compared O -with O -the O -results O -of O -conventional O -methods O -, O -namely O -, O -terminal O -dilution O -counts O -, O -plate O -counts O -, O -turbidimetric O -measurements O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -consumption O -and O -pH O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -on O -spores O -of O -Clostridium O -bifermentans O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -0 O -. O -35 O -M B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydrogen I-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -increased O -the O -germination O -rate O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -but O -increasing O -the O -temperature O -or O -concentration O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -decreased O -both O -the O -germination O -rate O -and O -colony O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -Pre O -- O -incubation O -of O -spores O -with O -Cu2 O -+ O -before O -treatment O -with O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -produced O -a O -similar O -increase O -, O -but O -this O -could O -be O -eliminated O -by O -washing O -the O -spores O -with O -dilute O -spores O -- O -- O -apparently O -from O -the O -coat O -- O -- O -and O -treatment O -with O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -which O -also O -removes O -spore O -- O -coat O -protein O -, O -increased O -the O -lethal O -effect O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -500 O -- O -fold O -, O -suggesting O -that O -spore O -- O -coat O -protein O -has O -a O -protective O -effect O -against O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Inactivation O -studies O -of O -the O -interferon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inducing I-Chemical -capacity O -of O -vaccinia O -virus O -were O -complicated O -by O -cytotoxic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Extrapyramidal O -effects O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -studies O -have O -reported O -on O -employee O -populations O -exposed O -coincidentally O -to O -vinylidene O -chloride B-Chemical -in O -copolymer O -processes O -using O -vinyl O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -findings O -statistically O -related O -or O -individually O -attributable O -to O -vinylidene O -chloride B-Chemical -exposure O -in O -this O -employee O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -Resolution O -of O -anomeric O -ethyl O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucopyranoside I-Chemical -by O -cation O -- O -exchange O -chromatography O -, O -and O -its O -N O -- O -acylation O -with O -carboxylic O -anhydrides O -. O - -aps B-category -Decrease O -in O -the O -solvation O -of O -polymer O -by O -inclusion O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -in O -the O -acetone O -casting O -solution O -resulted O -in O -greater O -permeability O -to O -urea B-Chemical -of O -cast O -acrylate O -- O -methacrylate O -film O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -for O -the O -extraction O -, O -separation O -and O -quantitative O -determination O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -[ O -3H O -- O -NA O -] O -and O -its O -five O -major O -metabolites O -has O -been O -devised O -using O -thin O -layer O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Amphetamine B-Chemical -, O -phenylacetone O -, O -. O -. O -. O - -aps B-category -Submaximal O -doses O -of O -intraluminally O -applied O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -injected O -as O -a O -bolus O -into O -the O -perfusion O -fluid O -produced O -transient O -monophasic O -vascoconstrictor O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extraluminal O -/ O -intraluminal O -potency O -ratios O -for O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -methysergide B-Chemical -were O -230 O -, O -15 O -and O -6 O -respectively O -, O -which O -indicates O -that O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -methysergide B-Chemical -are O -relatively O -more O -potent O -when O -administered O -extraluminally O -than O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -under O -the O -experimental O -conditions O -used O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -methysergide B-Chemical -produced O -biphasic O -responses O -by O -an O -action O -on O -the O -medial O -smooth O -muscle O -firstly O -via O -the O -intraluminal O -surface O -and O -secondly O -an O -additional O -direct O -action O -via O -the O -adventitial O -surface O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -pethidine B-Chemical -upon O -body O -temperature O -and O -upon O -the O -reversal O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -hypothermia O -in O -the O -mouse O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -drugs O -reversed O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hypothermia O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenalectomy O -prevented O -the O -reversal O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -hypothermia O -by O -pethidine B-Chemical -but O -morphine B-Chemical -produced O -a O -partial O -reversal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -are O -discussed O -with O -regard O -to O -differences O -between O -pethidine B-Chemical -and O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -possible O -involvement O -of O -opiate O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -Swiss O -- O -Webster O -mice O -were O -made O -physically O -dependent O -on O -ethanol B-Chemical -using O -the O -ethanol B-Chemical -vapour O -inhalation O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -the O -reduction O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -at O -receptor O -sites O -may O -result O -in O -the O -augmentation O -of O -the O -withdrawal O -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectrophotometric O -determination O -of O -some O -drugs O -containing O -a O -tertiary O -amine B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -and O -plasma O -concentrations O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -during O -the O -development O -of O -physical O -dependence O -and O -tolerance O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -on O -arterial O -pressure O -and O -its O -modification O -by O -tetrodotoxin O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxic O -interaction O -between O -disulfiram B-Chemical -and O -tranylcypromine B-Chemical -stereoisomers O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -various O -diuretic B-Chemical -agents O -in O -the O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -compounds O -, O -examples O -of O -various O -types O -of O -orally O -active O -compound O -available O -, O -produced O -their O -characteristic O -diuretic B-Chemical -effects O -: O -bendrofluazide B-Chemical -, O -frusemide O -, O -ethacrynic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -, O -triamterene B-Chemical -, O -aminophylline B-Chemical -and O -Su O -15049A O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -allowing O -for O -differences O -in O -baseline O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -, O -all O -diuretics O -except O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -caused O -a O -further O -enhancement O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -after O -saline O -- O -loading O -compared O -with O -water O -- O -loading O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -mouse O -is O -a O -suitable O -species O -for O -diuretic B-Chemical -testing O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -E2 O -( O -PGE2 B-Chemical -) O -and O -F2alpha O -( O -PGF2 O -- O -alpha O -) O -on O -muscle O -strips O -from O -mature O -and O -immature O -rats O -and O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -and O -on O -rat O -blood O -pressure O -were O -investigated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -ileum O -from O -immature O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -the O -maximum O -responses O -to O -PGE2 B-Chemical -and O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -were O -16 O -and O -8 O -% O -of O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -maximum O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -blood O -pressure O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -and O -PGE2 B-Chemical -were O -both O -hypotensive O -in O -immature O -rats O -whereas O -PGE2 B-Chemical -was O -hypotensive O -and O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -hypertensive O -in O -mature O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -vas O -deferens O -, O -chandonium O -( O -10 O -- O -50 O -mug O -ml O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -; O -1 O -- O -6 O -- O -8 O -- O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -potentiated O -responses O -to O -exogenous O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -; O -responses O -to O -electrical O -stimulation O -were O -potentiated O -only O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -50 O -mug O -ml O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -chandonium O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparative O -study O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -bile O -salts O -on O -the O -absorption O -of O -quinalbarbitone O -sodium B-Chemical -in O -goldfish O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -cholate B-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -chenodeoxycholate B-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -taurodeoxycholate O -on O -the O -quinalbarbitone O -- O -induced O -overturn O -time O -has O -been O -investigated O -and O -differences O -in O -capacity O -to O -promote O -absorption O -have O -been O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -unrelated O -series O -of O -emulsions O -have O -been O -prepared O -, O -one O -series O -being O -stabilized O -by O -magnesium B-Chemical -oleate O -gels O -and O -the O -other O -series O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -oleate O -gels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -waxes O -, O -hydrolysed O -gelatin O -and O -moisture O -on O -the O -compression O -characteristics O -of O -paracetamol B-Chemical -and O -phenacetin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -behaviour O -of O -paracetamol B-Chemical -or O -phenacetin B-Chemical -and O -their O -mixtures O -with O -gelatin O -hydrolysate O -or O -water O -or O -both O -shows O -a O -similarity O -to O -a O -Mohr O -body O -and O -it O -appears O -that O -the O -maximum O -die O -wall O -pressure O -is O -affected O -by O -the O -particle O -size O -of O -the O -material O -compressed O -and O -also O -by O -the O -additives O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -tablet O -disintegrants O -: O -a O -relatively O -insoluble O -sodium B-Chemical -carboxymethyl O -cellulose O -, O -casein O -formaldehyde O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -carboxymethyl O -cellulose O -and O -a O -cross O -- O -linked O -polyvinylpyrrolidone O -have O -been O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -crystallinity O -and O -solubility O -on O -comminution O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -and O -observations O -on O -spironolactone B-Chemical -and O -oestradiol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -examination O -of O -spironolactone B-Chemical -and O -17 O -beta O -- O -oestradiol O -by O -infrared O -spectroscopy O -and O -differential O -thermal O -analysis O -showed O -that O -these O -compounds O -also O -undergo O -changes O -in O -their O -crystallinity O -on O -grinding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -delta9 O -- O -tetrahydrocannabinol O -on O -plasma O -concentrations O -of O -non O -- O -esterified O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -by O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -of O -the O -rate O -of O -collagen O -synthesis O -in O -cultured O -fibroblasts O -. O - -aps B-category -Structure O -- O -activity O -relationships O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -enkephalin I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -occurrence O -of O -two O -polymorphs O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -stability O -of O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -in O -aqueous O -solution O -: O -kinetics O -and O -mechanisms O -of O -degradation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acidic O -degradation O -pathway O -for O -the O -3 O -- O -acetoxymethyl O -and O -3 O -- O -pyridinylmethyl O -derivatives O -was O -the O -specific O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ion I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -catalyzed I-Chemical -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -bonds O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acetyl O -functions O -of O -3 O -- O -acetoxymethylcephalosporins O -were O -hydrolyzed O -eight O -times O -faster O -than O -their O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -moieties O -to O -yield O -the O -corresponding O -deacetyl O -intermediates O -, O -which O -were O -rapidly O -converted O -to O -the O -lactones O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -rate O -profiles O -near O -pH O -8 O -for O -cephaloglycin O -, O -cephalexin B-Chemical -, O -and O -cephradine O -could O -be O -explained O -by O -the O -intramolecular O -- O -nucleophilic O -attack O -of O -the O -side O -- O -chain O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -upon O -the O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -carbonyls O -to O -produce O -diketopiperazine O -- O -type O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneous O -semiautomated O -assay O -of O -pyrrobutamine O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -cyclopentamine O -hydrochloride O -, O -and O -methapyrilene O -hydrochloride O -in O -pharmaceutical O -mixtures O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyrrobutamine O -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -extracted O -as O -an O -ion O -- O -pair O -and O -quantitated O -colorimetrically O -by O -forming O -the O -bromcresol O -purple O -acid O -- O -dye O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -Biotransformation O -of O -drugs O -: O -quantitative O -structure O -- O -activity O -relationships O -for O -barbiturates O -, O -tertiary O -amines B-Chemical -, O -and O -substituted O -imidazoles O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -inhibition O -of O -epoxidation O -of O -aldrin O -by O -a O -series O -of O -substituted O -imidazoles O -appears O -to O -be O -much O -more O -dependent O -on O -electronic O -( O -sigma O -) O -and O -steric O -( O -Es O -) O -effects O -of O -the O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -tear O -film O -pH O -were O -observed O -during O -the O -1st O -hr O -after O -instillation O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -in O -various O -dosage O -forms O -to O -the O -rabbit O -eye O -. O - -aps B-category -Pilocarpine B-Chemical -base O -, O -administered O -continuously O -at O -the O -rates O -of O -20 O -or O -80 O -mug O -/ O -hr O -from O -ocular O -therapeutic O -systems O -, O -had O -little O -or O -no O -effect O -on O -tear O -film O -pH O -in O -this O -same O -animal O -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -Delivery O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -base O -without O -pH O -change O -was O -achieved O -with O -ocular O -therapeutic O -systems O -, O -because O -the O -drug O -( O -pKa O -= O -7 O -. O -07 O -) O -was O -delivered O -free O -, O -or O -virtually O -so O -, O -of O -excipients O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -formulation O -of O -intramuscular O -injections O -of O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -on O -duration O -of O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Simple O -solutions O -in O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -, O -gelled O -aqueous O -solutions O -, O -nonaqueous O -suspensions O -, O -multiple O -emulsions O -, O -and O -microencapsulated O -preparations O -were O -formulated O -, O -and O -their O -duration O -of O -activity O -was O -tested O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -7 O -- O -( O -methylthio O -) O -xanthone O -- O -2 O -- O -carboxylate O -from O -solution O -was O -absorbed O -approximately O -20 O -times O -faster O -than O -sodium B-Chemical -7 O -- O -methylsulfinylxanthone O -- O -2 O -- O -carboxylate O -from O -a O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -the O -powder O -or O -liquid O -inhalation O -aerosols O -of O -organic O -acids O -rather O -than O -the O -corresponding O -sodium B-Chemical -salts O -may O -be O -preferable O -for O -designing O -a O -dosage O -regimen O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absorption O -rates O -were O -directly O -proportional O -to O -concentration O -when O -the O -initial O -concentration O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -7 O -- O -methylsulfinylxanthone O -- O -2 O -- O -carboxylate O -was O -varied O -over O -a O -333 O -- O -fold O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -radioactive O -demonstration O -of O -guaiacol O -O O -- O -methyltransferase O -as O -a O -separate O -entity O -from O -catechol B-Chemical -O O -- O -methyl O -- O -transferase O -was O -confirmed O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetate O -( O -10 O -. O -0 O -mM O -) O -in O -the O -incubation O -significantly O -increased O -slice O -citrate B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -p O -- O -aminohippurate O -( O -PAH O -) O -accumulation O -. O - -aps B-category -increasing O -concentrations O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -produced O -a O -biphasic O -effect O -on O -PAH O -accumulation O -. O - -aps B-category -alpha O -- O -Ketoglutarate O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mM O -) O -increased O -PAH O -accumulation O -but O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -slice O -citrate B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Slices O -incubated O -without O -substrate O -were O -depleted O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -but O -not O -of O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -local O -changes O -in O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -on O -hypothalamic O -blood O -flow O -in O -the O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -actions O -of O -sympathomimetics O -and O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -antagonists O -have O -been O -investigated O -on O -the O -membrane O -potential O -and O -responses O -to O -nerve O -stimulation O -of O -acinar O -cells O -of O -the O -salivary O -gland O -of O -Nauphoeta O -cinerea O -Olivier O -. O - -aps B-category -Tyramine O -, O -an O -indirectly O -acting O -sympathomimetic O -, O -and O -high O -concentrations O -of O -methoxamine B-Chemical -caused O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -the O -small O -transient O -hyperpolarizations O -sometimes O -seen O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -an O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonist O -, O -reduced O -matching O -responses O -to O -nerve O -stimulation O -and O -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -to O -about O -the O -same O -extent O -. O - -aps B-category -Correlation O -of O -opiate O -receptor O -affinity O -with O -analgetic O -effects O -of O -meperidine B-Chemical -homologues O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -a O -good O -correlation O -between O -affinity O -for O -opiate O -receptor O -binding O -sites O -assayed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -analgetic O -potency O -for O -homologues O -whose O -N O -- O -substituent O -has O -six O -or O -fewer O -carbons O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -activity O -of O -nitroxide O -analogues O -of O -dichloroisoproterenol O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -the O -introduction O -of O -a O -bulky O -nitroxide O -moiety O -in O -place O -of O -the O -isopropyl O -group O -on O -the O -amino B-Chemical -nitrogen B-Chemical -is O -associated O -with O -a O -decrease O -in O -affinity O -for O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -analogues O -which O -inhibit O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -- O -Octanone O -significantly O -lowered O -serum O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -triglycerides B-Chemical -, O -and O -glycerol O -levels O -in O -Holtzman O -male O -rats O -and O -serlm O -cholesterol B-Chemical -in O -male O -CF1 O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Structural O -characteristics O -of O -the O -saxitoxin B-Chemical -receptor O -on O -nerve O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -In O -accord O -with O -previous O -suggestions O -, O -the O -ionized O -acidic O -group O -known O -to O -exist O -in O -the O -Na O -channel O -( O -and O -to O -which O -a O -guanidinium O -group O -of O -STX O -appears O -to O -bind O -) O -is O -very O -likely O -a O -carboxyl O -group O -and O -not O -a O -phosphate B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -unheated O -cells O -, O -increased O -extracellular O -acidity O -in O -hyperthermically O -treated O -tumor O -cells O -was O -associated O -with O -markedly O -reduced O -viability O -of O -the O -tumor O -cells O -exposed O -to O -hyperthermia O -. O - -aps B-category -Estrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -testicular O -Leydig O -cell O -tumors O -in O -the O -mouse O -would O -seem O -to O -represent O -a O -realistic O -model O -for O -the O -laboratory O -investigation O -of O -this O -significant O -group O -of O -cancers O -. O - -aps B-category -Administering O -large O -doses O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -results O -in O -a O -reduction O -of O -enzymes O -converting O -progesterone B-Chemical -to O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -induces O -a O -transient O -, O -but O -quantitatively O -very O -significant O -, O -synthesis O -of O -DNA O -in O -the O -Leydig O -cells O -of O -tumor O -- O -susceptible O -strains O -of O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -Leydig O -cells O -have O -specific O -protein O -receptors O -in O -their O -cytoplasm O -that O -bind O -estrogens B-Chemical -and O -transport O -them O -to O -the O -nucleus O -where O -they O -are O -also O -bound O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolism O -of O -diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical -by O -rat O -liver O -: O -a O -preliminary O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -increased O -the O -quantity O -of O -nonpolar O -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -Microsomes O -were O -prepared O -from O -C3H O -/ O -f O -We O -16 O -- O -wk O -- O -old O -male O -mice O -by O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -preciptation O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dicarboxylic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -asparate O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -occupy O -unique O -positions O -in O -intermediary O -metabolism O -, O -particularly O -in O -the O -mitochondria O -, O -where O -they O -play O -important O -roles O -in O -nitrogen B-Chemical -and O -energy O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurotoxic O -effects O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -in O -animal O -species O -other O -than O -the O -rodent O -are O -highly O -controversial O -. O - -aps B-category -Marked O -elevations O -in O -plasma O -glutamate B-Chemical -or O -aspartate B-Chemical -must O -occur O -for O -development O -of O -neuronal O -necrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -healthy O -neonatal O -primate O -, O -loads O -producing O -plasma O -glutamate B-Chemical -levels O -ranging O -from O -50 O -to O -1 O -, O -600 O -mumol O -/ O -dl O -failed O -to O -produce O -neuronal O -necrosis O -in O -our O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -available O -data O -indicate O -little O -danger O -to O -the O -healthy O -primate O -and O -humans O -from O -ingestion O -of O -the O -dicarboxylic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -under O -anything O -resembling O -a O -reasonable O -intake O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -cases O -of O -acute O -psychotic O -illness O -following O -sudden O -withdrawal O -from O -high O -daily O -doses O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -were O -associated O -with O -agitation O -and O -confusion O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Cerebral O -amines B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetazolamide B-Chemical -inhibited O -both O -active O -and O -PD O -- O -driven O -acidification O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -cortical O -granules O -: O -a O -model O -system O -for O -studying O -membrane O -fusion O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -exocytosis O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -7 O -clinics O -evaluate O -metronidazole B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -Crohn O -' O -s O -disease O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -dietary O -antioxidants O -and O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -pretreatment O -on O -microsomal O -lipid O -peroxidation O -and O -activation O -by O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -activities O -of O -choline B-Chemical -and O -ethanolamine O -kinases O -were O -observed O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -2 O -and O -8 O -. O -0 O -, O -respectively O -, O -with O -the O -rate O -of O -ethanolamine O -phosphorylation O -being O -1 O -/ O -15 O -that O -of O -choline B-Chemical -phosphorylation O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -apparent O -Km O -of O -0 O -. O -25 O -mM O -for O -choline B-Chemical -was O -obtained O -for O -choline B-Chemical -kinase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Choline O -kinase O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -the O -solvent O -wash O -. O -Substrate O -competition O -studies O -revealed O -that O -choline B-Chemical -kinase O -was O -slightly O -inhibited O -competitively O -by O -ethanolamine O -( O -apparent O -Ki O -= O -19 O -- O -21 O -mM O -) O -, O -whereas O -choline B-Chemical -was O -a O -potent O -competitive O -inhibitor O -of O -ethanolamine O -kinase O -( O -apparent O -Ki O -= O -0 O -. O -33 O -- O -0 O -. O -50 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -early O -postnatal O -dietary O -sterculate O -on O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -rat O -liver O -and O -brain O -lipids O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -liver O -phospholipids O -, O -the O -concentration O -of O -stearic O -acid O -was O -increased O -without O -a O -corresponding O -decrease O -in O -the O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -content O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rates O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -glyceride O -glycerol O -, O -and O -CO2 O -formation O -were O -measured O -in O -perirenal O -and O -subcutaneous O -adipose O -tissue O -slices O -by O -following O -the O -incorporation O -of O -either O -14C O -from O -labeled O -acetate O -or O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -or O -3H O -from O -tritiated O -water O -into O -the O -appropriate O -product O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -on O -the O -survival O -in O -batch O -culture O -of O -Streptococcus O -mutans O -C67 O -- O -1 O -and O -a O -non O -- O -cariogenic O -mutant O -C67 O -- O -25 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -strains O -were O -grown O -as O -previously O -in O -5 O -% O -( O -w O -/ O -v O -) O -glucose B-Chemical -or O -sucrose B-Chemical -broths O -, O -the O -pH O -being O -either O -allowed O -to O -fall O -or O -maintained O -above O -6 O -. O -0 O -, O -and O -processed O -by O -the O -thiosemicarbazide B-Chemical -technique O -for O -election O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -the O -presence O -of O -abundant O -EPS O -relates O -to O -the O -greater O -survival O -of O -the O -parent O -strain O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -broth O -at O -uncontrolled O -pH O -, O -this O -organism O -possesses O -at O -least O -one O -other O -mechanism O -of O -survival O -in O -acid O -media O -, O -possibly O -dependent O -on O -cell O -wall O -properties O -, O -in O -view O -of O -its O -greater O -cell O -wall O -thickness O -and O -increased O -survival O -in O -pH O -- O -uncontrolled O -glucose B-Chemical -broth O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -detectable O -EPS O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -thiazide B-Chemical -diuretic B-Chemical -was O -a O -constant O -member O -of O -the O -drug O -combinations O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Dosage O -of O -digitalis B-Chemical -glycosides I-Chemical -and O -beta O -blockers O -in O -renal O -insufficiency O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Lorazepam B-Chemical -( O -Temesta O -) O -versus O -bromazepam O -( O -Lexotanil O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -sorbate O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -benzoate O -, O -sulfur O -dioxide O -, O -and O -diethylpyrocarbonate O -( O -DEPC O -) O -were O -tested O -for O -their O -effectiveness O -in O -preventing O -the O -outgrowth O -of O -Byssochlamys O -nivea O -Westling O -ascospores O -. O - -aps B-category -Complete O -inhibition O -of O -B O -. O -nivea O -ascospore O -outgrowth O -in O -grape O -juice O -stored O -for O -60 O -days O -was O -noted O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -300 O -ppm O -sulfur O -dioxide O -, O -400 O -ppm O -potassium B-Chemical -sorbate O -, O -and O -600 O -ppm O -DEPC O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -up O -to O -100 O -ppm O -potassium B-Chemical -sorbate O -in O -grape O -juice O -during O -heat O -activation O -appears O -to O -have O -a O -stimulatory O -effect O -on O -breaking O -dormancy O -, O -while O -the O -other O -test O -preservatives O -at O -this O -concentration O -decrease O -the O -heat O -resistance O -of O -B O -. O -nivea O -ascospores O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -biochemical O -properties O -of O -the O -used O -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -strain O -as O -plasma O -koagulation O -, O -lecithinase O -, O -phosphatase O -and O -haemolytical O -toxin O -production O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -mannitol B-Chemical -and O -lactose O -fermentation O -under O -aerobic O -and O -anaerobic O -conditions O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexclamol O -: O -effects O -on O -catecholamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -and O -demonstration O -of O -stereochemical O -specificity O -of O -antagonism O -of O -central O -adrenergic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Differences O -in O -NE O -and O -DA O -depletion O -following O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -inhibition O -with O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -indicated O -that O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -dexclamol O -and O -droperidol B-Chemical -increased O -DA O -turnover O -with O -no O -effect O -on O -NE O -turnover O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -+ O -) O -- O -Dexclamol O -, O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -dexclamol O -and O -droperidol B-Chemical -exhibited O -a O -similar O -onset O -of O -action O -employing O -striatal O -homovanillic O -acid O -( O -HVA O -) O -increase O -as O -indicative O -of O -DA O -turnover O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -+ O -) O -- O -Dexclamol O -, O -droperidol B-Chemical -and O -phentolamine B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -concentrations O -of O -3H O -- O -NE O -in O -heart O -when O -given O -after O -the O -3H O -- O -NE O -, O -a O -probable O -indication O -of O -increased O -NE O -release O -due O -to O -adrenergic O -receptor O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -Association O -between O -the O -increase O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -content O -and O -the O -trans O -- O -synaptic O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -rat O -adrenal O -medulla O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -0 O -. O -25 O -or O -2 O -. O -5 O -mumole O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -the O -time O -course O -of O -the O -increase O -in O -cAMP B-Chemical -content O -of O -rat O -adrenal O -medulla O -was O -changed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -overall O -increase O -in O -cAMP B-Chemical -content O -elicited O -by O -reserpine B-Chemical -during O -the O -8 O -h O -following O -injection O -remained O -unchanged O -or O -was O -even O -increased O -, O -depending O -on O -the O -dose O -of O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -on O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -content O -of O -adrenal O -medulla O -required O -an O -intact O -innervation O -and O -did O -not O -appear O -to O -be O -related O -to O -increased O -secretion O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -from O -pituitary O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -L O -- O -3 O -, O -5 O -- O -[ O -3H O -] O -- B-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -and O -the O -measurement O -of O -tritiated O -water O -to O -estimate O -DA O -turnover O -in O -central O -dopaminergic O -terminals O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Double O -- O -blind O -comparison O -of O -parsalmide O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -in O -anxious O -and O -depressive O -neurotic O -syndromes O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -daytime O -somnolence O -and O -asthenia O -observed O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -were O -not O -observed O -with O -parsalmide O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -change O -of O -temperature O -- O -profile O -, O -especially O -in O -the O -liver O -through O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -infusion I-Chemical -and O -hyperthermia O -, O -can O -be O -noticed O -. O - -aps B-category -Circulating O -triglycerides B-Chemical -and O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -markedly O -elevated O -with O -total O -cholesterol B-Chemical -only O -slightly O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Conditioning O -of O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -with O -methadone B-Chemical -, O -morphine B-Chemical -or O -bulbocapnine O -as O -an O -unconditioned O -stimulus O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -a O -buzzer O -noise O -is O -used O -as O -a O -conditioned O -stimulus O -( O -CS O -) O -with O -these O -drugs O -as O -unconditioned O -stimuli O -, O -the O -buzzer O -CS O -acquires O -the O -properties O -of O -the O -drugs O -in O -increasing O -dopamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -and O -mixed O -venous O -PCO2 O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -, O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -and O -base O -excess O -concentrations O -in O -water O -- O -depleted O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -WD O -animals O -the O -difference O -in O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -between O -venous O -and O -arterial O -blood O -increased O -because O -the O -[ O -H O -+ O -] O -increased O -more O -in O -venous O -than O -in O -arterial O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolic O -acidosis O -cannot O -be O -explained O -only O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -increase O -in O -blood O -lactate B-Chemical -; O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -other O -fixed O -acids O -might O -contribute O -to O -the O -decrease O -in O -blood O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -older O -lambs O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -transported O -only O -against O -a O -small O -concentration O -gradient O -, O -when O -intestinal O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -was O -diminished O -by O -reducing O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -incubation O -medium O -from O -7 O -to O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -actual O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -increased O -from O -29 O -to O -52 O -mMol O -in O -golden O -hamsters O -and O -from O -16 O -to O -34 O -mMol O -in O -dormice O -during O -hibernation O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -the O -slight O -decrease O -in O -PaCO2 O -during O -hibernation O -we O -conclude O -that O -PaCO2 O -rather O -than O -total O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -content O -is O -held O -constant O -when O -temperature O -is O -changed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -constant O -of O -epithelial O -( O -Na O -+ O -K O -+ O -) O -- O -ATPase O -for O -ouabain B-Chemical -was O -determined O -as O -Ki O -= O -3 O -. O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -. O -The O -present O -data O -support O -the O -view O -that O -control O -of O -corneal O -hydration O -in O -man O -is O -a O -function O -of O -both O -endothelium O -and O -epithelium O -. O - -aps B-category -Gluthatione O -turnover O -and O -the O -transport O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -upon O -animal O -studies O -, O -attempts O -were O -made O -to O -prevent O -graft O -- O -versus O -- O -host O -disease O -in O -humans O -by O -the O -use O -of O -methotrexate B-Chemical -following O -grafting O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -result O -it O -was O -decided O -to O -treat O -all O -patients O -who O -developed O -graft O -- O -versus O -- O -host O -disease O -with O -antithymocyte B-Chemical -globulin I-Chemical -( O -ATG O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -immobilized O -enzymes O -are O -individually O -active O -and O -also O -function O -to O -produce O -light O -via O -a O -coupled O -reaction O -utilizing O -NADH O -or O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Linearity O -with O -NADH O -is O -obtained O -in O -the O -range O -of O -1 O -pmol O -to O -50 O -nmol O -, O -and O -between O -10 O -pmol O -to O -200 O -nmol O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subcellular O -distributions O -of O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -: O -tRNA O -methyltransferases O -and O -aminoacyl O -- O -tRNA O -synthetases O -were O -investigated O -with O -the O -use O -of O -human O -and O -mouse O -normal O -and O -leukemic O -leukocyte O -cell O -lines O -. O - -aps B-category -Halothane B-Chemical -interactions O -with O -haemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -gating O -currents O -in O -Myxicola O -giant O -axons O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -latency O -and O -form O -of O -the O -membrane O -responses O -of O -smooth O -muscle O -to O -the O -iontophoretic O -application O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -or O -carbachol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Depletion O -and O -recovery O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -adrenal O -medulla O -and O -its O -relationship O -with O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -neurotransmitter O -receptor O -antagonists O -on O -ether B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -prolactin O -release O -in O -ovariectomized O -, O -estrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -on O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -induced O -depolarization O -of O -primary O -afferents O -in O -the O -frog O -. O - -aps B-category -Half O -of O -the O -animals O -in O -each O -group O -was O -given O -three O -daily O -doses O -( O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -of O -the O -trytophan O -hydroxylase O -inhibitor O -p O -- O -chlorophenylalanine O -methyl O -ester O -( O -PCPA B-Chemical -) O -while O -the O -remaining O -animals O -were O -given O -control O -injections O -of O -the O -PCPA B-Chemical -vehicle O -. O - -aps B-category -Bar O -- O -pressing O -behavior O -was O -significantly O -disrupted O -only O -in O -those O -animals O -receiving O -both O -PCPA B-Chemical -and O -extra O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -stability O -and O -decomposition O -kinetics O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -methyl O -bromide B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Amino O -acid O -sequences O -are O -expensive O -to O -determine O -( O -collagen O -has O -1052 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -) O -, O -and O -the O -potential O -of O -this O -palaeobiological O -information O -has O -been O -as O -yet O -little O -exploited O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -location O -within O -the O -prothoracic O -ganglion O -of O -neurone O -somata O -with O -axons O -in O -identified O -peripheral O -nerves O -is O -examined O -by O -the O -cobalt B-Chemical -iontophoresis O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -association O -of O -schizophrenia O -with O -a O -disturbance O -in O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -metabolism O -: O -a O -physiological O -hypothesis O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -hypothesis O -is O -based O -on O -the O -following O -findings O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -Catalepsy O -, O -which O -is O -the O -nearest O -equivalent O -in O -animals O -to O -human O -catatonia O -, O -develops O -in O -cats O -when O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -is O -injected O -into O -the O -cerebral O -ventricles O -and O -when O -during O -endotoxin O -or O -lipid O -A O -fever O -the O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -level O -in O -cisternal O -c O -. O -s O -. O -f O -. O - -aps B-category -Genetic O -aspects O -of O -the O -synthesis O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -the O -adrenal O -medulla O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vivo O -rate O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -whole O -brain O -was O -estimated O -by O -means O -of O -measuring O -accumulation O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxyphenylalanine I-Chemical -( O -Dopa O -) O -after O -administration O -of O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -NSD O -1015 O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -interactions O -of O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -and O -related O -drugs O -with O -lipids O -by O -UV O -- O -spectrophotometry O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -interaction O -signal O -, O -which O -was O -elicited O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -as O -little O -as O -3 O -muM O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -was O -dependent O -on O -the O -concentrations O -of O -both O -ligand O -and O -binder O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triglyceride I-Chemical -interaction O -signal O -was O -strongly O -enhanced O -with O -pH O -increasing O -from O -6 O -to O -10 O -. O - -aps B-category -Discriminable O -effects O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -discriminable O -effects O -of O -these O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -were O -not O -completely O -interchangeable O -with O -those O -of O -barbiturate B-Chemical -anesthetics O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -drugs O -on O -the O -uptake O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -by O -human O -term O -placenta O -fragments O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -3 O -H O -- O -ACh O -uptake O -competitively O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -was O -uncompetitive O -with O -respect O -to O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Magnesium B-Chemical -and O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -prospective O -multicentre O -study O -, O -97 O -patients O -with O -Crohn O -' O -s O -disease O -and O -operated O -on O -by O -a O -radical O -excision O -of O -the O -Crohn O -- O -involved O -bowel O -were O -randomly O -divided O -into O -two O -groups O -, O -one O -treated O -33 O -weeks O -postoperatively O -by O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -and O -Salazopyrin O -and O -the O -other O -without O -any O -medical O -treatment O -postoperatively O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -end O -of O -the O -experiments O -, O -glycine B-Chemical -5 O -% O -was O -infused O -into O -antrum O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -5 O -% O -or O -phenylalanine O -0 O -. O -1 O -N O -into O -the O -duodenum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acid O -- O -base O -status O -of O -the O -blood O -was O -determined O -before O -and O -after O -the O -loading O -and O -the O -acidification O -capacity O -of O -each O -kidney O -was O -assessed O -by O -measuring O -the O -amount O -of O -titratable O -acid O -and O -ammonium B-Chemical -ions O -excreted O -in O -the O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -additional O -loading O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -in O -session O -II O -, O -however O -, O -both O -kidneys O -increased O -their O -excretions O -to O -approximately O -similar O -extents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolism O -, O -mechanism O -of O -action O -, O -interactions O -with O -other O -drugs O -and O -side O -effects O -of O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -( O -DPH O -) O -, O -which O -is O -probably O -the O -most O -commonly O -used O -antiepileptic O -drug O -are O -reviewed O -in O -the O -light O -of O -the O -recent O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -behavior O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltranspeptidase O -and O -other O -liver O -enzymes O -in O -the O -plasma O -during O -alcohol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -treatments O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -beginning O -of O -the O -alcohol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -course O -, O -79 O -out O -of O -90 O -patients O -( O -80 O -% O -) O -showed O -elevated O -values O -of O -one O -of O -these O -enzymes O -in O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -90 O -alcoholics O -examined O -, O -14 O -relapsed O -during O -the O -alcohol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -course O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -alcohol B-Chemical -loading O -in O -normal O -volunteers O -did O -not O -lead B-Chemical -to O -an O -increase O -in O -GGTP O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -no O -liver O -damage O -could O -be O -demonstrated O -in O -these O -patients O -with O -the O -aid O -of O -the O -other O -liver O -enzymes O -, O -the O -elevation O -of O -GGTP O -may O -be O -related O -to O -the O -alcohol B-Chemical -intake O -through O -an O -enzyme O -induction O -mechanism O -such O -as O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -for O -this O -enzyme O -with O -certain O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -and O -placebo O -was O -carried O -out O -in O -46 O -patients O -with O -endoscopically O -proven O -duodenal O -ulceration O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -serious O -side O -- O -effects O -over O -the O -6 O -- O -week O -period O -of O -drug O -administration O -, O -but O -the O -metiamide O -was O -replaced O -by O -cimetidine B-Chemical -because O -reports O -from O -other O -centrea O -indicated O -that O -agranulocytosis O -was O -associtated O -with O -metiamide O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -influencing O -the O -ionization O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -during O -major O -surgical O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -now O -possible O -to O -study O -the O -actual O -ionization O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -under O -normal O -and O -abnormal O -physiologic O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -dropped O -significantly O -, O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -, O -in O -all O -three O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Chelation O -with O -the O -citrate B-Chemical -ion O -of O -bank O -blood O -preservative O -was O -the O -major O -factor O -responsible O -for O -the O -decrease O -in O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -view O -of O -these O -facts O -, O -it O -is O -difficult O -to O -estimate O -the O -acutal O -level O -of O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -at O -any O -point O -during O -the O -operation O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -possible O -exception O -of O -one O -patient O -, O -no O -adverse O -cardiovascular O -effects O -could O -be O -attributed O -to O -the O -low O -levels O -of O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Flunitrazepam B-Chemical -and O -flurazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ventilatory O -response O -to O -CO2 O -was O -measured O -before O -and O -after O -two O -different O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -hypnotics O -in O -both O -chronic O -bronchitics O -and O -patients O -without O -chest O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -the O -first O -unequivocal O -evidence O -of O -central O -depression O -of O -respiration O -by O -a O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -and O -may O -be O -the O -mechanism O -by O -which O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -cause O -deterioration O -in O -patients O -with O -respiratory O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -delta O -- O -aminolevulinic O -acid O -synthetase O -by O -allylisopropylacetamide O -in O -organ O -- O -cultured O -chick O -embryo O -liver O -was O -not O -appreciably O -influenced O -by O -any O -of O -cycli O -AMP O -, O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -, O -theophylline B-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -insulin O -, O -glucagon O -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -and O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -the O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -significantly O -increased O -in O -response O -to O -cyclic O -AMP O -and O -some O -of O -those O -hormones O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -however O -, O -was O -rather O -increased O -when O -relatively O -low O -concentrations O -of O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -were O -added O -to O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -commercial O -washing O -systems O -were O -studied O -, O -three O -which O -used O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -solutions O -with O -serial O -or O -continuous O -- O -flow O -centrifugation O -and O -one O -which O -used O -sugar O -solutions O -and O -dilution O -/ O -agglomeration O -. O - -aps B-category -Liquid O -- O -stored O -red O -blood O -cells O -concentrated O -to O -hematocrit O -values O -of O -90V O -per O -cent O -should O -be O -diluted O -with O -hypertonic O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -solutions O -prior O -to O -recovery O -and O -washing O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -22 O -C O -, O -the O -pH O -and O -PO2 O -declined O -over O -72 O -hours O -while O -the O -PCO2 O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -toxic O -effect O -of O -the O -accumulation O -of O -metabolites O -on O -the O -platelets O -was O -tested O -by O -adding O -lactate B-Chemical -to O -fresh O -PC O -at O -zero O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Platelets O -were O -tested O -under O -degassed O -conditions O -to O -outline O -the O -requirements O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -gasious O -exchange O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -experiments O -have O -detected O -various O -changes O -in O -viability O -markers O -in O -platelets O -that O -are O -stored O -under O -actual O -blood O -bank O -conditions O -and O -indicate O -that O -the O -accumulation O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -is O -not O -totally O -responsible O -for O -the O -toxic O -inhibition O -of O -platelet O -performance O -that O -is O -found O -upon O -storage O -at O -22 O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -HL O -- O -A O -- O -identical O -marrow O -transplants O -in O -aplastic O -anemia O -, O -acute O -leukemia O -, O -and O -lymphosarcoma O -employing O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -tyroxine O -( O -activators O -of O -brain O -glutaminase O -) O -are O -used O -in O -small O -amounts O -, O -a O -potentiation O -of O -their O -stimulatory O -effect O -is O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -the O -potentiation O -observed O -on O -adding O -two O -stimulators O -is O -increased O -greatly O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Preincubation O -of O -brain O -mitochondrial O -fraction O -with O -guanidine O -chloride B-Chemical -inhibits O -markedly O -the O -stimulatory O -effect O -of O -all O -the O -stimulators O -used O -, O -but O -their O -joint O -addition O -almost O -abolishes O -the O -potentiating O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -obtained O -indicate O -that O -in O -brain O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -+ O -thyroxine B-Chemical -cannot O -be O -considered O -as O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -glutaminase O -and O -that O -the O -important O -factor O -here O -is O -not O -so O -much O -the O -absolute O -levels O -of O -the O -activators O -as O -their O -favorable O -combinations O -. O - -aps B-category -Menadione O -, O -nitrofurantoin O -, O -SKF O -525 O -- O -A O -( O -2 O -- O -diethylaminoethyl O -2 O -, O -2 O -- O -diphenylvalerate O -) O -and O -fluoride B-Chemical -were O -without O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Azobenzene O -, O -4 O -- O -dimethylamino O -- O -azobenzene O -and O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -dimethyl O -- O -4 O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -carboxyphenylazo O -) O -- O -5 O -- O -hydroxybenzene O -, O -nitrobenzene O -, O -4 O -- O -nitrohippuric O -acid O -and O -the O -isomers O -of O -nitrophenol O -, O -nitroanisole O -, O -nitrobenzoic O -acid O -, O -nitrobenzaldehyde O -and O -nitrobenzyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -were O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -reaction O -was O -inhibited O -by O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -From O -samples O -of O -earth O -taken O -in O -different O -parts O -of O -the O -world O -bacteria O -were O -isolated O -which O -grow O -on O -pyrazone O -as O -the O -only O -source O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stability O -of O -highly O -purified O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -from O -the O -sand O -viper O -venom O -remains O -practically O -unaffected O -by O -the O -pH O -- O -value O -at O -4degreesC O -between O -pH O -5 O -and O -8 O -, O -whereas O -a O -sharp O -activity O -fall O -was O -observed O -on O -both O -sides O -of O -this O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -in O -the O -cold O -, O -the O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -is O -most O -stable O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Dogs O -under O -chloralose B-Chemical -anasthesia O -were O -bled O -at O -a O -rate O -of O -50 O -ml O -/ O -min O -to O -a O -total O -of O -25 O -ml O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -and O -2 O -minutes O -later O -a O -quick O -reinfusion O -of O -adequate O -volumes O -of O -blood O -, O -dextran B-Chemical -, O -or O -Locke O -' O -s O -solution O -was O -done O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -retransfusion O -acidosis O -in O -the O -dog O -appears O -after O -a O -brief O -hypotensive O -period O -, O -too O -, O -but O -cannot O -be O -attributed O -to O -a O -" O -washout O -" O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -from O -the O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -steatosis O -due O -to O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -the O -average O -of O -GGTP O -( O -145 O -U O -/ O -l O -) O -attains O -values O -two O -times O -higher O -than O -in O -comparable O -cases O -of O -non O -- O -alcoholic O -origin O -( O -73 O -U O -/ O -l O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Related O -values O -of O -cardiac O -output O -and O -hepatic O -blood O -flow O -were O -measured O -in O -eight O -premedicated O -( O -pethidine B-Chemical -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -b O -. O -w O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -the O -cyclic O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -- O -5 O -' O -monophosphate O -system O -in O -human O -brain O -tumors O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -our O -previous O -reports O -on O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -system O -in O -human O -brain O -tumors O -, O -we O -decided O -to O -investigate O -the O -cGMP B-Chemical -system O -in O -the O -same O -pathological O -tissues O -by O -studying O -the O -activity O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -and O -cGMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase I-Chemical -( O -cGMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -PDE I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -, O -compared O -with O -a O -similar O -study O -made O -ten O -years O -earlier O -in O -Sweden O -, O -showed O -little O -or O -no O -difference O -in O -the O -use O -of O -iron B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -vitamin O -preparations O -, O -analgesic O -drugs O -, O -antibiotics O -, O -or O -endocrine O -drugs O -; O -but O -a O -drastic O -reduction O -is O -noted O -in O -the O -use O -of O -psychotropic O -drugs O -and O -of O -antihistaminic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -About O -4 O -% O -( O -18 O -women O -) O -had O -used O -IUD O -- O -- O -- O -one O -became O -pregnant O -with O -a O -Cu O -- O -UID O -( O -intra O -- O -uterine O -device O -inpregnated O -with O -copper B-Chemical -) O -. O -This O -type O -of O -study O -can O -provide O -some O -information O -on O -the O -prevalence O -of O -relatively O -common O -factors O -, O -but O -it O -must O -be O -considerably O -extended O -in O -order O -to O -permit O -an O -analysis O -of O -rare O -events O -, O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -use O -of O -most O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -decrease O -in O -the O -frequency O -of O -X O -- O -ray O -exposure O -in O -the O -first O -trimester O -was O -also O -seen O -, O -while O -smoking B-Chemical -habits O -were O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -first O -test O -the O -level O -of O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -capillary O -circulation O -of O -115 O -mothers O -was O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -level O -of O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -after O -the O -work O -test O -was O -negatively O -correlated O -with O -the O -physical O -performance O -of O -the O -mother O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -physically O -fit O -women O -appear O -to O -work O -more O -during O -delivery O -than O -the O -less O -fit O -mothers O -, O -as O -the O -level O -of O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -after O -the O -delivery O -was O -as O -high O -as O -or O -higher O -than O -in O -mothers O -with O -a O -physical O -performance O -below O -average O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -and O -nicethamide O -combination O -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneous O -determination O -of O -urinary O -glucaric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -excretion O -confirmed O -the O -induction O -of O -hepatic O -microsomal O -enzymes O -in O -glucuronic O -acid O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -precipitate O -was O -dissolved O -in O -8 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -with O -the O -resultant O -activation O -of O -the O -haemolysin O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -was O -not O -due O -to O -fluoride B-Chemical -ions O -, O -hydrolysis O -products O -of O -PMSF O -or O -to O -impurities O -. O - -aps B-category -Di B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -EDTA O -completely O -inhibited O -LIF O -activity O -but O -only O -if O -present O -during O -the O -entire O -migration O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemical O -studies O -related O -to O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -allergy O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -study O -of O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -pancuronium B-Chemical -bromide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Chlorination O -, O -decarboxylation O -and O -bactericidal O -activity O -mediated O -by O -the O -MPO B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -H2O2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chlorinium O -ion O -can O -interact O -with O -MPO O -, O -bacteria O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Diffusible O -bactericidal O -agents O -are O -also O -produced O -by O -the O -MPO B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -H2O2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Arachidonic O -acid O -hydroperoxide O -( O -AAP O -) O -- O -induced O -contractions O -of O -the O -isolated O -guinea O -pig O -ileum O -and O -rat O -stomach O -fundus O -are O -inhibited O -by O -suprofen B-Chemical -[ O -alpha O -- O -methyl O -- O -4 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -thienylcarbonyl O -) O -benzeneacetic O -acid O -] O -, O -indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -, O -and O -acetylsalicyclic O -acid O -in O -descending O -order O -of O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Biological O -consequences O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -molecular O -conformations O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -these O -patients O -, O -35 O -( O -71 O -% O -) O -were O -female O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -14 O -( O -29 O -% O -) O -male O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Formolized O -sheep O -erythrocytes O -were O -treated O -with O -tannin O -and O -sensitized O -with O -HSV O -antigen O -prepared O -from O -infected O -chick O -embryo O -cell O -culture O -by O -ultrasonication O -and O -virus O -extraction O -with O -alkaline O -glycine B-Chemical -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -blocking O -agents O -prevent O -the O -response O -to O -injected O -agonists O -and O -neurogenically O -released O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Incorporating O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -conjugates O -into O -micelles O -with O -monoglycerides O -somewhat O -depresses O -adsorption O -of O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -conjugate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extent O -to O -which O -the O -adsorption O -is O -diminished O -is O -affected O -by O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -concentration O -, O -chain O -length O -, O -and O -unsaturation O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulfasalazine B-Chemical -alone O -was O -used O -in O -24 O -patients O -, O -steroids B-Chemical -alone O -were O -used O -in O -four O -patients O -, O -both O -drugs O -were O -used O -together O -in O -29 O -patients O -and O -azathioprine B-Chemical -was O -added O -to O -the O -drug O -regimen O -of O -five O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hemolytic O -activity O -in O -vitro O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -, O -chlordiazepoxide O -hydrochloride O -and O -brompheniramine O -maleate B-Chemical -was O -examined O -using O -various O -intravenous O -solutions O -as O -the O -vehicle O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -levels O -of O -hemolysis O -occurred O -in O -dextrose B-Chemical -5 O -% O -in O -water O -, O -invert O -sugar O -10 O -% O -in O -water O -, O -and O -M O -/ O -6 O -sodium B-Chemical -lactate B-Chemical -in O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -denaturation O -was O -attributed O -to O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -of O -these O -two O -solutions O -, O -both O -having O -pH O -values O -less O -than O -4 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanisms O -of O -action O -, O -clinical O -use O -and O -untoward O -reactions O -of O -the O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenergic I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -, O -with O -particular O -attention O -to O -the O -role O -of O -these O -agents O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -hypertension O -, O -are O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -permits O -the O -identification O -of O -four O -possible O -points O -of O -attack O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -replacement O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -to O -reduce O -the O -myometrial O -sensitivity O -to O -oxytocin B-Chemical -, O -( O -2 O -) O -administration O -of O -beta O -- O -mimetic O -agents O -to O -relax O -the O -uterus O -and O -make O -it O -unresponsive O -to O -stimuli O -, O -( O -3 O -) O -administration O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -to O -block O -oxytocin B-Chemical -secretion O -, O -and O -( O -4 O -) O -administration O -of O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drugs O -to O -inhibit O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Ritodrine O -gave O -somewhat O -better O -results O -than O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -possibly O -because O -the O -treatment O -was O -continued O -after O -discharge O -of O -the O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Ritodrine O -hydrochloride O -was O -administered O -parenterally O -to O -pregnant O -ewes O -during O -spontaneous O -or O -oxytocin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -uterine O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -did O -not O -influence O -the O -effects O -of O -ritodrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -infusion O -on O -the O -umbilical O -and O -uterine O -circulations O -of O -pregnant O -sheep O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -umbilical O -blood O -flow O -was O -significantly O -decreased O -by O -18 O -per O -cent O -from O -control O -at O -60 O -minutes O -with O -either O -maternal O -or O -fetal O -propranolol B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -propranolol B-Chemical -to O -the O -fetus O -, O -fetal O -heart O -rate O -decreased O -15 O -per O -cent O -and O -maternal O -heart O -rate O -did O -not O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -determined O -the O -relative O -potencies O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -, O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -, O -oxacillin B-Chemical -, O -cephalothin B-Chemical -, O -cephaloridine O -, O -gentamicin B-Chemical -, O -kanamycin B-Chemical -, O -neomycin O -, O -vancomycin B-Chemical -, O -and O -bacitracin O -after O -their O -addition O -to O -three O -commercially O -available O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -hydroxypropyl O -methylcellulose O -artificial O -tear O -solutions O -in O -plastic O -squeeze O -bottles O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -bacterial O -pneumonia O -did O -not O -produce O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -macrophage O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -amiloride B-Chemical -, O -vasopressin B-Chemical -, O -cAMP B-Chemical -, O -and O -thyroxine B-Chemical -, O -but O -stimulated O -by O -insulin O -. O - -aps B-category -Application O -of O -a O -direct O -spectrophotometric O -assay O -employing O -a O -chromogenic O -substrate O -for O -tryptophanase O -to O -the O -determination O -of O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -and O -pyridoxamine O -5 O -' O -- O -phosphates O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -nanogram O -quantities O -of O -protein O -by O -hydrolysis O -followed O -by O -reaction O -with O -orthophthalaldehyde O -or O -determination O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -hold O -the O -view O -that O -the O -plasmatic O -testosterone B-Chemical -values O -are O -not O -the O -only O -factor O -conditioning O -the O -termination O -of O -the O -process O -of O -growth O -into O -height O -in O -males O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -premedication O -: O -lack O -of O -recall O -and O -relief O -of O -anxiety O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -produced O -a O -significant O -lack O -of O -recall O -( O -antegrade O -amnesia O -) O -compared O -to O -the O -other O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -no O -adverse O -effects O -on O -blood O -pressure O -or O -heart O -rate O -occurred O -, O -lorazepam B-Chemical -appears O -to O -show O -promise O -as O -a O -premedicant O -. O - -aps B-category -Whatever O -the O -nature O -of O -the O -foreign O -body O -, O -the O -authors O -emphasize O -the O -importance O -of O -the O -quality O -of O -the O -team O -formed O -by O -the O -endoscopist O -and O -the O -anaesthetist O -, O -repeated O -attempts O -at O -bronchoscopy O -compromise O -success O -and O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -tracheotomy O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -by O -pH O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -suggested O -, O -as O -is O -the O -existence O -of O -a O -two O -- O -pool O -system O -for O -insulin O -synthesis O -and O -release O -which O -is O -responsive O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -shown O -that O -the O -addition O -of O -hypertonic O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -a O -resuscitation O -regimen O -is O -associated O -with O -a O -response O -to O -a O -second O -episode O -of O -shock O -that O -is O -more O -nearly O -like O -that O -to O -a O -first O -episode O -of O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -Sympathomimeticamines O -( O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -nor B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenaline I-Chemical -) O -, O -indolalkylamines O -( O -tryptamine O -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -) O -and O -other O -drugs O -( O -tyramine O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -and O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -showed O -no O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolism O -of O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -its O -dependent O -pathways O -seems O -to O -deviate O -in O -psoriasis O -from O -that O -in O -the O -contrasted O -dermatoses O -, O -in O -normal O -skin O -in O -health O -and O -in O -skin O -during O -the O -process O -of O -wound O -healing O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -experiments O -showed O -that O -highly O -productive O -strains O -were O -characterized O -by O -higher O -activity O -of O -the O -NADP O -- O -deficient O -enzymes O -of O -the O -pentoze B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -cycle O -as O -compared O -to O -the O -low O -active O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -Lowering O -of O -the O -growth O -rate O -of O -the O -mutants O -as O -their O -capacity O -for O -antibiotic O -supersynthesis O -increased O -and O -subsequently O -the O -anabolic O -processes O -became O -more O -intensive O -was O -accompanied O -by O -increasing O -derepression O -of O -the O -key O -enzymes O -of O -carbohydrate O -metabolism O -and O -in O -particular O -NADR O -- O -deficient O -dehydrogenase O -of O -the O -pentose O -cycle O -and O -pyruvatedehydrogenase O -, O -significant O -for O -fusidin O -biosynthesis O -and O -providing O -production O -of O -the O -antibiotic O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -nature O -by O -cofactor O -NADP O -- O -H O -and O -acetyl O -- O -KoA O -, O -the O -primary O -precursor O -. O - -aps B-category -Dependence O -of O -erythromycin B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -on O -the O -medium O -active O -acidity O -was O -studied O -by O -the O -following O -methods O -: O -by O -changing O -pH O -of O -the O -initial O -medium O -, O -by O -changing O -the O -concentration O -of O -the O -medium O -components O -determining O -the O -active O -acidity O -of O -the O -culture O -, O -by O -using O -buffer O -mixtures O -by O -automatic O -control O -of O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antibiotic O -was O -inactivated O -in O -glycol O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffers O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -an O -intensively O -fluorescing O -compound O -less O -than O -[ O -Be3 O -( O -OH O -) O -3 O -( O -H2O2 B-Chemical -) O -5 O -] O -2HR O -greater O -than O -2 O -+ O -was O -observed O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -- O -7 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -gas O -flow O -rate O -, O -pH O -, O -and O -dissolved O -oxygen B-Chemical -were O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -O2 O -demand O -of O -the O -culture O -then O -maintained O -this O -level O -for O -an O -additional O -4 O -to O -5 O -h O -. O -This O -low O -dissolved O -oxygen B-Chemical -interval O -was O -characterized O -by O -rapid O -growth O -and O -extracellular O -protein O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Sparging O -fermentor O -cultures O -with O -pure O -oxygen B-Chemical -at O -a O -rate O -of O -100 O -cm3 O -per O -min O -yielded O -growth O -and O -extracellular O -protein O -levels O -similar O -to O -those O -achieved O -at O -the O -sparge O -rate O -of O -500 O -cm3 O -of O -air O -per O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Analyses O -of O -the O -production O -rates O -of O -these O -components O -indicated O -that O -early O -log O -phase O -was O -the O -most O -efficient O -production O -interval O -in O -the O -growth O -cycle O -and O -that O -this O -efficiency O -was O -increased O -by O -pH O -control O -at O -6 O -. O -7 O -to O -6 O -. O -8 O -and O -dissolved O -oxygen B-Chemical -control O -at O -10 O -% O -of O -air O -saturation O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -electron O -paramagnetic O -resonance O -spectra O -manifested O -by O -a O -respiratory O -chain O -hydrogen B-Chemical -carrier O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Leuconostoc O -mesenteroides O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -consistent O -and O -what O -appears O -to O -be O -the O -most O -significant O -changes O -were O -the O -fall O -in O -the O -interstitial O -fluid O -pressures O -, O -the O -quantitative O -reduction O -of O -muscle O -water O -, O -a O -sharp O -fall O -in O -the O -blood O -and O -interstitial O -blood O -pH O -, O -the O -moderate O -hyperkalemia O -and O -lack O -of O -change O -in O -blood O -an O -interstitial O -fluid O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -rise O -in O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -levels O -not O -accompanied O -by O -a O -rise O -in O -the O -interstitial O -fluid O -glucose B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -rehydration O -, O -serum O -osmolality O -, O -electrolyte O -concentrations O -, O -urea B-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -, O -and O -blood O -pH O -were O -measured O -sequentially O -. O - -aps B-category -Another O -compounds O -, O -M O -- O -8 O -, O -an O -aminotetralin O -that O -is O -a O -secondary O -amine B-Chemical -, O -produced O -alpha O -and O -beta O -adrenoceptor O -stimulating O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -threshold O -dose O -, O -0 O -. O -0312 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -p O -. O -o O -. O -, O -of O -CDC O -for O -increasing O -food O -intake O -in O -the O -cat O -is O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -, O -but O -CDC O -has O -a O -broader O -effective O -dose O -range O -, O -extending O -to O -8 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -p O -. O -o O -. O -, O -compared O -with O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -p O -. O -o O -. O - -aps B-category -for O -both O -CDC O -and O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ancillary O -pharmacologic O -properties O -of O -CDC O -are O -considerably O -reduced O -over O -those O -of O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -, O -except O -for O -antihistaminic O -activity O -, O -CDC O -being O -about O -two O -times O -more O -potent O -( O -protection O -against O -lethality O -in O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -exposed O -to O -an O -aeosol O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -CDC O -retains O -only O -about O -1 O -/ O -25 O -of O -the O -antiserotonin O -potency O -of O -the O -parent O -compound O -( O -inhibition O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -elicited I-Chemical -edema O -in O -the O -rat O -paw O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -provoked O -head O -twitch O -in O -rats O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectral O -density O -analysis O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -barbiturates O -and O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -on O -the O -electrocorticogram O -of O -the O -squirrel O -monkey O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -induced O -sedation O -in O -some O -monkeys O -, O -but O -others O -showed O -signs O -of O -restlessness O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectral O -density O -analysis O -showed O -that O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -increased O -activity O -at O -frequencies O -below O -40 O -Hz O -, O -with O -the O -largest O -increases O -occurring O -below O -8 O -Hz O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -increased O -activity O -below O -8 O -Hz O -, O -decreased O -it O -between O -8 O -and O -20 O -Hz O -, O -and O -increased O -it O -between O -20 O -and O -50 O -Hz O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -adrenergic O -blockade O -on O -gastric O -secretion O -altered O -by O -catecholamines B-Chemical -was O -studied O -for O -4 O -hr O -after O -injection O -in O -rats O -with O -chronic O -gastric O -fistulas O -. O - -aps B-category -Blockade O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -did O -not O -change O -this O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -alpha O -- O -nor O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockers O -prevented O -the O -inhibitory O -action O -of O -the O -catecholamines B-Chemical -employed O -, O -but O -intensified O -the O -depression O -of O -the O -gastric O -secretion O -provoked O -by O -them O -. O - -aps B-category -Very O -high O -dose O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -decanoate O -: O -a O -controlled O -trial O -in O -chronic O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -1 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -to O -infected O -cytoplasm O -, O -causes O -an O -aggregation O -of O -DNA O -polymerase O -alpha O -into O -a O -higher O -sedimenting O -form O -( O -9 O -. O -8S O -) O -, O -termed O -DNA O -polymerase O -alpha3 O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -this O -new O -activity O -, O -alpha3 O -, O -is O -stimulated O -by O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -to O -a O -greater O -extent O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -30 O -than O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -94 O -. O - -aps B-category -Variation O -in O -pH O -or O -the O -concentration O -of O -foetal O -calf O -serum O -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -did O -not O -affect O -the O -virus O -yield O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -proportion O -of O -ATP O -present O -as O -MgATP2 O -- O -varies O -greatly O -if O -the O -total O -MgCl2 O -and O -total O -ATP O -concentrations O -are O -varied O -in O -constant O -proportion O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -first O -method O -absorbances O -at O -selected O -wave O -- O -lengths O -were O -read O -from O -the O -spectra O -of O -oligonucleotides O -in O -solution O -in O -7 O -M B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -which O -had O -been O -recorded O -at O -acid O -and O -alkaline O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Methods O -of O -minimizing O -the O -effects O -on O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -composition O -of O -spectural O -changes O -due O -to O -base O -stacking O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Unmasking O -of O -histone O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -in O -chromatin O -at O -high O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -pH O -range O -7 O -- O -10 O -the O -vast O -majority O -of O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -in O -all O -five O -histones O -are O -buried O -. O - -aps B-category -55 O -% O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -unmasked O -, O -and O -histones O -III O -and O -IV O -have O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -, O -characterization O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -equilibrium O -of O -an O -extracellular O -haemoglobin O -from O -Eunice O -aphroditois O -( O -Passas O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Fully O -active O -ficin O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -22 O -. O -3 O -) O -containing O -1 O -mol O -of O -thiol B-Chemical -with O -high O -reactivity O -towards O -2 O -, O -2 O -' O -- O -dipyridyl O -disulphide O -( O -2 O -- O -Py O -- O -S O -- O -S O -- O -2 O -- O -Py O -) O -at O -pH4 O -. O -5 O -per O -mol O -of O -protein O -was O -prepared O -from O -the O -dried O -latex O -of O -Ficus O -glabrata O -by O -covalent O -chromatography O -on O -a O -Sepharose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyridyl I-Chemical -disulphide O -gel O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -electrophilicity O -of O -the O -2 O -- O -Py O -- O -S O -- O -S O -- O -2PyH O -+ O -monocation O -allows O -directly O -the O -detection O -of O -the O -exposure O -of O -the O -buried O -thiol B-Chemical -group O -of O -ficin O -at O -pH O -values O -below O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -- O -Chloro O -- O -7 O -- O -nitrobenzo O -- O -2 O -- O -oxa O -- O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -diazole O -( O -Nbd O -chloride B-Chemical -) O -was O -used O -as O -a O -reactivity O -probe O -to O -characterize O -the O -active O -centres O -of O -papin O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -22 O -. O -2 O -) O -, O -ficin O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -22 O -. O -3 O -) O -and O -bromelain O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -22 O -. O -4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectroscopic O -evidence O -is O -presented O -for O -the O -intermediacy O -of O -Meisenheimer O -- O -type O -adducts O -in O -the O -reaction O -of O -Nbd O -chloride B-Chemical -with O -nucleophiles O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -profile O -for O -the O -bromelain O -reaction O -appears O -to O -resemble O -that O -for O -the O -ficin O -reaction O -, O -but O -is O -complicated O -by O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -group I-Chemical -labelling O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -convenient O -method O -of O -preparation O -of O -high O -- O -activity O -urease O -from O -Canavalia O -ensiformis O -by O -covalent O -chromatography O -and O -an O -investigation O -of O -its O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -with O -2 O -, O -2 O -' O -- O -dipyridyl O -disulphide O -as O -a O -thiol B-Chemical -titrant O -and O -reactivity O -probe O -. O - -aps B-category -Titration O -of O -the O -urease O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -with O -2 O -, O -2 O -' O -- O -dipyridyl O -disulphide O -( O -2 O -- O -Py O -- O -S O -- O -S O -- O -2 O -- O -Py O -) O -and O -application O -of O -the O -method O -of O -Tsou O -Chen O -- O -Lu O -[ O -( O -1962 O -) O -Sci O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -the O -class O -- O -I O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -with O -2 O -- O -Py O -- O -S O -- O -S O -- O -2 O -- O -Py O -was O -studied O -in O -the O -pH O -range O -6 O -- O -11 O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -( O -I O -= O -0 O -. O -1 O -mol O -/ O -l O -) O -by O -stopped O -- O -flow O -spectrophotometry O -, O -and O -the O -analogous O -reaction O -of O -the O -class O -- O -II O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -by O -conventional O -spectrophotometry O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -the O -class O -- O -II O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -is O -characterized O -by O -pKa O -= O -9 O -. O -15 O -and O -k O -= O -1 O -. O -60 O -X O -10 O -( O -2 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -- O -s O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -9 O -. O -5 O -, O -and O -at O -high O -pH O -the O -class O -- O -I O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -consist O -of O -at O -most O -25 O -% O -class O -- O -Ia O -groups O -and O -at O -least O -75 O -% O -class O -- O -Ib O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -the O -' O -essential O -' O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -in O -urease O -appear O -to O -be O -eeactive O -only O -as O -uncomplicated O -thiolate O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Assay O -of O -microsomal O -membrane O -- O -bound O -glutathione B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -insulin I-Chemical -transhydrogenase O -and O -comparison O -with O -protein O -disulphide O -- O -isomerase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -in O -rat O -liver O -microsomal O -preparations O -is O -of O -the O -order O -of O -1 O -nmol O -of O -oxidized O -glutathione B-Chemical -formed O -/ O -min O -per O -mg O -of O -membrane O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -these O -grounds O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -, O -in O -rat O -liver O -microsomal O -fractions O -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -insulin I-Chemical -transhydrogenase O -and O -protein O -disulphide O -- O -isomerase O -activities O -are O -not O -both O -catalysed O -by O -a O -single O -enzyme O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -shown O -by O -competition O -and O -direct O -binding O -experiments O -, O -it O -bound O -adenosine B-Chemical -and O -AMP O -in O -addition O -to O -cyclic O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -by O -several O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymatic O -thiolysis O -of O -azathioprine B-Chemical -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -isolated O -guinea O -pig O -heart O -the O -effect O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -on O -heart O -rate O -and O -contraction O -was O -diminished O -. O - -aps B-category -Even O -the O -toxicity O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -was O -diminished O -by O -previous O -administration O -of O -300 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -the O -anti O -- O -depressant O -drugs O -imipramine B-Chemical -, O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -, O -5 O -- O -methylamino O -- O -acetyl O -- O -6 O -- O -methyl O -- O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -dihydro O -- O -phenanthridine O -- O -HCl O -( O -Org O -OI77 O -) O -and O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -4 O -, O -10 O -, O -14b O -- O -hexahydro O -- O -2 O -- O -methyl O -- O -dibenzo O -[ O -c O -, O -f O -] O -pyrazino O -[ O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -a O -] O -azepine O -- O -HCl O -( O -mianserin B-Chemical -, O -Org O -GB O -94 O -) O -potentiated O -the O -behavioural O -effect O -of O -DOPA O -in O -groups O -of O -mice O -which O -had O -been O -treated O -17 O -h O -previously O -with O -the O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitor O -( O -MAOI O -) O -iproniazid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -peptide O -hormones O -ACTH4 O -- O -10 O -and O -desglycinamide O -lysine O -vasopressin B-Chemical -had O -equivocal O -effects O -while O -melanocyte O -stimulating O -hormone O -release O -- O -inhibiting O -factor O -( O -MIF O -) O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -DOPA O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -appeared O -to O -be O -no O -correlation O -between O -the O -effects O -of O -the O -drugs O -on O -the O -behavioural O -responses O -elicited O -by O -DOPA O -and O -the O -changes O -found O -in O -the O -brain O -concentration O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -motion O -of O -the O -ethanolamine O -head O -group O -in O -unsonicated O -lipid O -bilayers O -above O -and O -below O -the O -phase O -transition O -is O -studied O -by O -means O -of O -deuterium O -and O -phosphorus B-Chemical -magnetic O -resonance O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -phosphorus B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -31 I-Chemical -chemical O -shift O -anisotropies O -of O -planor O -- O -oriented O -and O -randomly O -dispersed O -samples O -of O -dipalmitoyl O -- O -3 O -- O -sn O -- O -phosphatidylethanolamine O -are O -measured O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -and O -11 O -by O -applying O -a O -proton O -- O -decoupling O -field O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -excess O -erythrose O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -apparent O -KM O -values O -of O -65 O -and O -38 O -muM O -were O -observed O -for O -phosphoenol O -- O -3 O -- O -fluoropyruvate O -and O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -product O -( O -3S O -) O -- O -3 O -- O -deoxy O -- O -- O -3 O -- O -fluoro O -- O -arabino O -- O -heptulosonic O -acid O -7 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -was O -purified O -, O -characterized O -, O -and O -shown O -to O -act O -as O -a O -substrate O -for O -5 O -- O -dehydroquinate O -synthase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -recombination O -of O -11 O -- O -cis O -- O -retinal O -with O -bleached O -rod O -outer O -segments O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -cholate B-Chemical -solubilized O -rhodopsin O -have O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -terms O -of O -formation O -of O -an O -intermediate O -addition O -compound O -and O -subsequent O -dehydration O -, O -the O -values O -for O -the O -individual O -rate O -constants O -for O -both O -bleached O -rod O -outer O -segments O -and O -cholate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -solubilized I-Chemical -opsin O -were O -found O -to O -compare O -very O -favorably O -. O - -aps B-category -Ferricytochrome O -c O -chain O -folding O -measured O -by O -the O -energy O -transfer O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -59 O -to O -the O -heme O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -NaCl B-Chemical -and O -KCl O -medium O -, O -the O -light O -- O -dependent O -decrease O -in O -the O -Mg2 O -+ O -content O -of O -the O -thylakoid O -membranes O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -is O -found O -to O -be O -23 O -nmol O -Mg2 O -+ O -per O -mg O -chlorophyll O -, O -whereas O -in O -a O -sorbitol O -medium O -it O -is O -83 O -nmol O -Mg2 O -+ O -per O -mg O -chlorophyll O -. O - -aps B-category -Provided O -the O -mitochondria O -are O -supplemented O -with O -an O -oxidizable O -substrate O -, O -the O -presence O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -has O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -rate O -of O -deuteroheme O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -of O -synbiotic O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fixation O -in O -Rhizobia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -conclutions O -are O -( O -i O -) O -physiological O -studies O -show O -that O -Rhizobia O -are O -able O -to O -assimilate O -NH4 O -+ O -for O -growth O -only O -when O -supplemented O -with O -certain O -organic O -nitrogen B-Chemical -sources O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -, O -L O -- O -serine O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -addition O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -NH4 O -+ O -- O -blocked O -NH4 O -+ O -utilization O -; O -( O -ii O -) O -biochemical O -analysis O -show O -that O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -activity O -( O -NADP O -- O -and O -NAD O -- O -linked O -) O -is O -always O -present O -in O -cells O -capable O -of O -assimilating O -NH4 O -+ O -; O -also O -cells O -without O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -activity O -were O -found O -to O -be O -incapable O -of O -NH4 O -+ O -utilization O -. O - -aps B-category -by O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mutants O -no O -longer O -require O -supplementation O -with O -small O -amounts O -of O -organic O -nitrogen B-Chemical -for O -growth O -in O -medium O -containing O -inorganic O -nitrogen B-Chemical -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -NH4 O -+ O -or O -NO3 O -- O -) O -; O -( O -iv O -) O -these O -findings O -are O -discussed O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -working O -model O -of O -symbiotic O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fixation O -recently O -proposed O -( O -O O -' O -Gara O -and O -Shanmugam O -( O -1976 O -) O -, O -Biochim O -. O - -aps B-category -Modification O -of O -lysyl O -, O -tyrosyl O -and O -tryptophanyl O -residues O -by O -diazonium O -- O -1 O -- O -H O -- O -tetrazole O -does O -not O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -loss O -of O -the O -inhibitory O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -' O -( O -or O -3 O -' O -) O -- O -O O -- O -( O -2 O -, O -4 O -, O -6 O -- O -Trinitrophenyl O -) O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -( O -N3ph O -- O -ATP O -) O -, O -which O -contains O -a O -Meisenheimer O -complex O -moiety O -, O -is O -one O -of O -the O -class O -of O -compounds O -which O -do O -not O -fluoresce O -in O -water O -but O -fluoresce O -both O -in O -low O -polarity O -solvents O -and O -when O -bound O -to O -the O -protein O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -both O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -electrophoresis O -and O -gel O -filtration O -in O -6 O -M O -guanidium O -chloride B-Chemical -suggest O -that O -it O -consists O -of O -four O -polypeptide O -chains O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clotting O -activity O -is O -inhibited O -by O -diisopropyl O -phosphorofluoridate O -and O -by O -phenylmethylsulfonyl O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -coagulant O -protein O -is O -a O -serine O -protease O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -competitive O -dialysis O -technique O -has O -been O -used O -to O -study O -the O -relative O -affinities O -of O -the O -two O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -sites O -on O -transferrin O -molecules O -and O -the O -relative O -binding O -strengths O -of O -transferrins O -isolated O -from O -plasma O -of O -different O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -affinity O -of O -transferrin O -for O -iron B-Chemical -depended O -on O -species O -, O -but O -the O -variation O -was O -never O -more O -than O -about O -one O -order O -of O -magnitude O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -binding O -of O -iron B-Chemical -by O -ovotranferrin O -and O -human O -transferrin O -was O -affected O -little O -when O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -anion O -was O -replaced O -by O -oxalate O -, O -although O -the O -ratio O -of O -the O -two O -binding O -constants O -for O -ovotranferrin O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -in O -1972 O -, O -contains O -three O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -one O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -per O -monomer O -unit O -and O -has O -unusual O -fluorescence O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -excited O -at O -295 O -nm O -, O -at O -which O -tryrosine O -scarcely O -absorbs O -, O -the O -inhibitor O -shows O -an O -emission O -spectrum O -with O -a O -peak O -at O -340 O -nm O -characteristic O -of O -a O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -structural O -change O -induced O -by O -low O -pH O -seems O -to O -release O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -fluorescence O -from O -the O -quenching O -. O - -aps B-category -Substitution O -at O -position O -8 O -with O -the O -non O -- O -basic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -omega O -- O -nitro O -arginine O -yielded O -an O -analogue O -possessing O -a O -very O -low O -hormonal O -activity O -as O -well O -as O -poor O -recognition O -of O -antibodies O -specific O -to O -luliberin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -purified O -DNA O -photolyase O -from O -Baker O -' O -s O -yeast O -is O -enhanced O -by O -a O -compound O -( O -Activator O -( O -III O -) O -) O -obtained O -from O -yeast O -by O -chloroform B-Chemical -extraction O -ion O -exchange O -chromatography O -and O -gel O -filtration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tsHl O -enzyme O -was O -stable O -when O -heated O -alone O -or O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -tRNA O -, O -leucine B-Chemical -, O -and O -ATP O -simultaneously O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -binding O -of O -hexokinase O -to O -membranes O -of O -ascites O -tumor O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -half O -saturation O -concentration O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -required O -for O -the O -dependent O -binding O -is O -0 O -. O -05 O -mM O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -membrane O -phosphorylation O -by O -endogenous O -phosphate B-Chemical -donors O -in O -human O -blood O -platelets O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -the O -stability O -of O -the O -bound O -phosphate B-Chemical -suggests O -that O -about O -43 O -% O -of O -it O -is O -bound O -as O -acyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -: O -catechol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -O I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltransferase I-Chemical -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -6 O -) O -from O -rat O -kidney O -was O -purified O -about O -650 O -fold O -as O -compared O -with O -the O -homogenate O -and O -the O -result O -of O -disc O -electrophoresis O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -value O -determined O -by O -Florini O -and O -Vestling O -' O -s O -method O -were O -2 O -. O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -and O -11 O -. O -9 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -for O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -determined O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -was O -about O -100 O -000 O -daltons O -for O -the O -two O -forms O -of O -dextransucrases O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -primer O -dextran B-Chemical -was O -added O -, O -the O -reaction O -velocity O -increased O -but O -the O -KM O -for O -sucrose B-Chemical -remained O -the O -same O -, O -and O -the O -KA O -for O -dextran B-Chemical -was O -200 O -muM O -for O -the O -two O -dextransucrases O -. O - -aps B-category -Bovine O -erythrocyte O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -CI O -consists O -of O -259 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -including O -18 O -lysines O -and O -9 O -arginines O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -codeine B-Chemical -, O -dionine O -and O -nalorphine O -on O -the O -oxidative O -phosphorylation O -in O -rat O -liver O -mitochondria O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -suppressed I-Chemical -oxidative O -phosphorylation O -was O -competitively O -reversed O -with O -high O -concentrations O -of O -ADP O -, O -but O -not O -of O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significance O -of O -the O -hydrophobic O -interaction O -between O -the O -inhibitor O -and O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -translocase O -is O -outlined O -, O -since O -the O -degree O -of O -the O -inhibition O -of O -oxidative O -phosphorylation O -is O -increased O -with O -the O -increase O -in O -the O -number O -of O -non O -- O -ionized O -opiate O -molecules O -( O -at O -alkaline O -pH O -values O -) O -and O -in O -the O -length O -of O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -chain O -of O -narcotic O -molecule O -as O -follows O -: O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -codeine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dionine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nalorphine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Derivatives O -of O -hypoxanthine O -( O -theophylline B-Chemical -and O -caffeine B-Chemical -) O -in O -concentration O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -activate O -urocaninase O -in O -liver O -extracts O -2 O -- O -- O -3 O -and O -1 O -. O -5 O -- O -fold O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Regulation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -Chlorella O -pyrenoidosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamine O -synthetase O -( O -GS O -) O -( O -E O -. O -C O -. O -6 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -activity O -in O -Chlorella O -cells O -decreased O -when O -NH4 O -+ O -was O -added O -to O -nitrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -growth O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -obtained O -are O -negative O -with O -respect O -to O -possible O -mechanisms O -of O -GS O -activity O -regulation O -via O -adenylation O -and O -ATP O -- O -dependent O -destruction O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -stimulation O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -by O -the O -bovine O -corpus O -luteum O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -osmolality O -on O -intra O -- O -erythrocytic O -pH O -and O -haemoglobin O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -red O -cells O -was O -studied O -at O -three O -different O -osmolality O -levels O -( O -the O -mean O -osmolalities O -were O -respectively O -257 O -, O -294 O -and O -341 O -mOsmol O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -different O -factors O -that O -might O -induce O -such O -a O -change O -in O -haemoglobin O -affinity O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -were O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -observed O -: O -1 O -) O -an O -early O -and O -important O -respiratory O -compensation O -possibly O -owing O -to O -a O -simultaneous O -contraction O -of O -CSF O -volume O -, O -thus O -increasing O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -pH O -shift O -depends O -on O -pH O -level O -and O -PCO2 O -and O -is O -different O -in O -plasma O -and O -erythrocyte O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -- O -five O -were O -conditioned O -for O -grafting O -by O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -CY O -) O -, O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -on O -each O -of O -4 O -successive O -days O -, O -and O -four O -by O -1000 O -rad O -total O -body O -irradiation O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -six O -patients O -who O -had O -received O -random O -donor O -blood O -transfusions O -were O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -receive O -either O -CY O -or O -procarbazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -antithymocyte I-Chemical -globulin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -CY I-Chemical -as O -conditioning O -regimens O -to O -test O -whether O -the O -incidence O -of O -graft O -rejection O -could O -be O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -current O -study O -presents O -evidence O -that O -all O -human O -serum O -contains O -a O -class O -of O -high O -- O -affinity O -folate B-Chemical -binders O -( O -KA O -= O -2 O -. O -8 O -X10 O -( O -10 O -liters O -/ O -mole O -) O -, O -which O -migrate O -as O -a O -single O -peak O -on O -gel O -filtration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -three O -clinical O -conditions O -, O -all O -associated O -with O -elevated O -unsaturated O -folate B-Chemical -binding O -capacity O -, O -three O -different O -patterns O -emerged O -when O -TFBC O -was O -also O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -after O -central O -administration O -into O -conscious O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -dopamine B-Chemical -were O -followed O -by O -hypotension O -and O -bradycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -alpha O -- O -methyldopamine O -were O -greatly O -inhibited O -by O -autonomic O -ganglion O -blockade O -or O -by O -adrenergic O -neurone O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -alpha O -- O -methyldopamine O -were O -selectively O -inhibited O -by O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agents O -whilst O -the O -cardiovascular O -depressant O -effects O -of O -these O -substances O -were O -abolished O -by O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocker O -phentolamine B-Chemical -or O -by O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -inhibitor O -disulfiram B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -whilst O -pimozide O -by O -either O -route O -inhibited O -only O -the O -cardiovascular O -stimulant O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -Isolated O -synaptosomal O -fractions O -from O -mouse O -forebrains O -were O -incubated O -[ O -14C O -] O -- B-Chemical -gamma I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -[ O -14C O -] O -- B-Chemical -GABA I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -The O -fractional O -release O -dependent O -upon O -calcium B-Chemical -was O -decreased O -by O -raising O -the O -concentration O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -- B-Chemical -GABA I-Chemical -during O -labeling O -but O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -altering O -the O -time O -allowed O -for O -labelling O -or O -the O -time O -between O -labelling O -and O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -distribution O -of O -the O -accumulated O -GABA B-Chemical -in O -differerent O -pools O -can O -be O -influenced O -by O -the O -concentration O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -in O -the O -incubation O -medium O -but O -, O -once O -( O -stored O -" O -, O -there O -is O -no O -net O -redistribution O -of O -accumulated O -GABA B-Chemical -in O -the O -absence O -of O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -lobster O -muscle O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -- O -blockers O -reversibly O -antagonized O -responses O -to O -bath O -- O -applied O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -and O -quisqualate O -but O -not O -responses O -to O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -( O -up O -to O -1 O -mM O -) O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -this O -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -The O -H2 O -- O -antagonist O -burimamide O -blocked O -both O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -evoked I-Chemical -responses O -on O -the O -lobster O -muscle O -without O -affecting O -resting O -potential O -or O -conductance O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -were O -reduced O -by O -tetrodotoxin O -( O -TTX O -) O -but O -not O -by O -antazoline O -( O -H1 O -- O -blocker O -) O -or O -burimamide O -; O -the O -latter O -reversibly O -antagonized O -responses O -to O -both O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -GABA B-Chemical -on O -TTX O -- O -treated O -cords O -while O -antazoline O -was O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -and O -ulcers O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -androgen B-Chemical -effects O -were O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -and O -ulcers O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -judged O -by O -the O -state O -of O -the O -extraneural O -systems O -which O -regulated O -the O -blood O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -supply O -to O -the O -brain O -it O -appears O -that O -terminal O -' O -cerebral O -hypoxia O -' O -is O -responsible O -for O -the O -depletion O -of O -these O -brain O -constituents O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanisms O -for O -GABA B-Chemical -transport O -appeared O -early O -in O -development O -, O -while O -catecholamine B-Chemical -and O -choline B-Chemical -systems O -matured O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -Embryonic O -enucleation O -resulted O -in O -severe O -reduction O -of O -development O -of O -the O -ability O -of O -the O -contralateral O -optic O -lobe O -to O -take O -up O -tritiated O -GABA B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -choline B-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -from O -solutions O -around O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -. O -Unilateral O -eye O -removal O -of O -new O -- O -hatched O -chicks O -caused O -failure O -of O -the O -denervated O -optic O -lobe O -to O -grow O -, O -but O -only O -the O -uptake O -capacity O -for O -glutamate B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -recuced O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -glutamate B-Chemical -may O -be O -the O -primary O -neurotransmitter O -of O -the O -fibers O -of O -the O -optic O -tract O -originating O -in O -the O -retinal O -ganglion O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dichloroacetate O -on O -hyperlactatemia O -and O -hyperpyruvicemia O -induced O -by O -phenformin O -in O -the O -dog O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -a O -perfusion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dichloroacetate O -( O -7 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O -mn O -) O -during O -20 O -minutes O -, O -three O -hours O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -phenformin O -, O -tends O -to O -improve O -the O -utilization O -of O -blood O -lactates O -and O -pyruvates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -growth O -of O -dicalcium O -phosphate B-Chemical -dihydrate O -on O -hydroxyapatite O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -proposed O -that O -a O -function O -of O -the O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -of O -matrix O -vesicles O -in O -vivo O -is O -to O -hydrolyze O -the O -substrates O -PPi O -, O -ADP O -, O -and O -ATP O -, O -which O -are O -known O -inhibitors O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -precipitation O -. O - -aps B-category -Galactose O -was O -liberated O -from O -galactosyl O -- O -6 O -- O -[ O -3H O -] O -ceramide O -and O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -from O -cholesterol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ O -1 O -- O -14C O -] O -oleate O -by O -L O -- O -ascorbic O -acid O -under O -conditins O -usually O -used O -for O -in O -vitro O -incubations O -. O - -aps B-category -Sarcolemma O -isolated O -from O -guinea O -pig O -heart O -ventricles O -possessed O -ATP O -- O -dependent O -Ca2 O -+ O -binding O -and O -accumulation O -( O -+ O -oxalate O -) O -activities O -which O -were O -not O -inhibited O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -azide O -, O -oligomycin O -, O -or O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -uncomplexed O -, O -the O -two O -cysteine B-Chemical -residues O -of O -histone O -H3 O -become O -rapidly O -oxidized O -, O -forming O -an O -intramolecular O -disulfide O -bridge O -which O -apparently O -blocks O -complex O -formation O -on O -return O -to O -complexing O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -far O -ultraviolet O -circular O -dichroism O -spectra O -of O -sheep O -beta O -- O -lipotropic O -hormone O -( O -beta O -- O -LPH O -) O -were O -recorded O -under O -different O -conditions O -of O -pH O -, O -temperature O -, O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -and O -solvent O -composition O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fusion O -of O -erythrocytes O -by O -treatment O -with O -proteolytic O -enzymes O -and O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ethionine O -- O -induced O -hepatomas O -are O -characterized O -by O -high O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -and O -cyclic B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -content O -relative O -to O -those O -of O -surrounding O -liver O -or O -liver O -from O -pair O -- O -fed O -control O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -cGMP B-Chemical -levels O -of O -the O -ethionine O -- O -induced O -hepatomas O -, O -determined O -in O -both O -specimens O -quick O -- O -forzen O -in O -situ O -and O -after O -in O -vitro O -incubation O -of O -tissue O -slices O -, O -were O -approximately O -2 O -times O -higher O -than O -those O -of O -surrounding O -liver O -or O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Isobutyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylxanthine I-Chemical -, O -a O -potent O -inhibitor O -of O -cGMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase I-Chemical -activity O -, O -potentiated O -the O -differences O -in O -cGMP B-Chemical -between O -slices O -of O -the O -hepatomas O -and O -surrounding O -liver O -or O -control O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -higher O -steady O -- O -state O -cGMP B-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -tumors O -reflected O -enhanced O -basal O -cGMP B-Chemical -synthesis O -which O -was O -partially O -offset O -by O -increased O -nucleotide B-Chemical -degradation O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -, O -the O -relative O -changes O -in O -both O -cGMP B-Chemical -accumulation O -and O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -of O -the O -tumors O -in O -response O -to O -NaN3 O -, O -NH2OH O -, O -and O -NaNO2 O -were O -blunted O -compared O -to O -surrounding O -liver O -or O -controls O -, O -although O -in O -each O -instance O -a O -response O -was O -clearly O -evident O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -by O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -and O -1 O -- O -methyl O -- O -1 O -- O -nitrosourea O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -report O -demonstrates O -that O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -and O -1 O -- O -methyl O -- O -1 O -- O -nitrosourea O -, O -a O -component O -of O -the O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -molecule O -and O -a O -known O -carcinogen O -, O -stimulate O -the O -enzyme O -guanylate O -cyclase O -which O -catalyzes O -the O -production O -of O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -an O -elemental O -diet O -in O -animals O -during O -treatment O -with O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -( O -NSC O -- O -19893 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -nutritional O -efficiency O -of O -diet O -3 O -was O -significantly O -higher O -during O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -related I-Chemical -mortality O -was O -observed O -in O -any O -of O -the O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -postulated O -that O -under O -these O -circumstances O -a O -mixture O -with O -a O -prevalence O -of O -free O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -casein O -hydrolysate O -) O -could O -be O -more O -readily O -absorbed O -than O -a O -corresponding O -mixture O -containing O -a O -larger O -proportion O -of O -oligopeptides O -. O - -aps B-category -Rhizobium O -meliloti O -can O -produce O -many O -polysaccharides O -on O -D O -- O -fructose O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mannitol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -segment O -of O -the O -facial O -vein O -of O -the O -rabbit O -, O -that O -opposite O -the O -buccal O -cavity O -, O -responds O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -and O -opposite O -the O -buccal O -cavity O -, O -responds O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -and O -transmural O -nerve O -stimulation O -( O -TNS O -) O -by O -a O -brisk O -biphasic O -dilation O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -causes O -a O -constrictor O -response O -exclusively O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazotization O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -their O -analogs O -and O -metabolites O -for O -urinary O -screening O -tests O -: O -chemical O -aspects O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -coupled O -diazotized O -p O -- O -nitroaniline O -to O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -derivatives O -, O -and O -metabolites O -and O -examined O -the O -reaction O -products O -by O -thin O -- O -layer O -chromatography O -and O -physico O -- O -chemical O -methods O -( O -ultraviolet O -spectra O -, O -mass O -spectroscopy O -, O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -thin O -- O -layer O -chromatographic O -screening O -methods O -provide O -complete O -separation O -and O -unambiguous O -identification O -of O -those O -metabolites O -and O -are O -to O -be O -preferred O -for O -use O -in O -detecting O -secreting O -neuroblastoma O -in O -childhood O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -mole O -of O -oxyhemoglobin O -iron B-Chemical -converted O -to O -methemoglobin O -causes O -the O -oxidation O -of O -1 O -. O -5 O -mol O -of O -nitrite B-Chemical -to O -nitrate B-Chemical -and O -consumes O -1 O -mol O -of O -protons O -. O - -aps B-category -Essentially O -no O -reaction O -takes O -place O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -CN O -- O -, O -which O -displaces O -nitrite B-Chemical -from O -the O -metHbNO2 O -- O -, O -nor O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -mol O -/ O -liter O -Nal O -, O -which O -converts O -the O -O2Hb O -to O -alphabeta O -- O -dimers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -rates O -at O -constant O -pH O -in O -excess O -nitrite B-Chemical -are O -porportional O -to O -the O -product O -of O -the O -O2Hb O -concentration O -and O -the O -square O -of O -the O -metHb O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -distinguished O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -malatonin O -, O -and O -other O -indole O -compounds O -by O -their O -markedly O -different O -fluorescence O -behavior O -when O -heated O -with O -o O -- O -phthaldialdehyde O -in O -different O -concentration O -of O -HCl O -, O -or O -after O -the O -subsequent O -addition O -of O -alkali B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Serotonin B-Chemical -and O -5 O -- O -hydroxyindole O -compounds O -with O -a O -C O -- O -3 O -aliphatic O -chain O -lost O -their O -blue O -fluorescence O -when O -brought O -from O -strong O -to O -weakly O -acid O -and O -alkaline O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -continuous O -- O -monitoring O -method O -for O -measuring O -acid O -phosphatase O -activity O -with O -alpha O -- O -naphthyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -as O -the O -substrate O -was O -critically O -evaluated O -and O -modified O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymatic O -rate O -method O -for O -measuring O -cholesterol B-Chemical -in O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholesterol B-Chemical -is O -analyzed O -by O -mixing O -5 O -mul O -of O -sample O -with O -a O -reagent O -consisting O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -esterase O -, O -cholesterol B-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -catalase O -, O -acetylacetone O -, O -methanol O -, O -and O -hydroxypolyethoxydodecane O -in O -a O -ammonium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -change O -is O -linearly O -related O -to O -cholesterol B-Chemical -concentration O -up O -to O -4 O -g O -/ O -liter O -. O - -aps B-category -Erythrocyte O -glutathione B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -5 O -- O -oxoprolinuria O -: O -kinetic O -studies O -of O -the O -mutant O -enzyme O -and O -detection O -of O -heterozygotes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -activities O -( O -pkat O -/ O -mg O -of O -hemoglobin O -) O -for O -glutathione B-Chemical -synthetase O -were O -obtained O -: O -homozygotes O -mean O -0 O -. O -10 O -( O -range O -0 O -. O -07 O -- O -0 O -. O -12 O -) O -, O -heterozygotes O -mean O -3 O -. O -1 O -( O -range O -2 O -. O -8 O -- O -3 O -. O -7 O -) O -and O -control O -individuals O -mean O -6 O -. O -1 O -( O -range O -5 O -. O -4 O -- O -6 O -. O -7 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Dimethyl O -sulfoxide O -and O -polyvinyl O -pyrrolidone B-Chemical -up O -to O -a O -creatinine B-Chemical -and O -NaCl B-Chemical -at O -levels O -found O -in O -normal O -urine O -did O -not O -inhibit O -the O -transpeptidase O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -recognized O -, O -that O -the O -two O -forms O -of O -the O -gamma O -- O -GT O -are O -not O -true O -isoenzymes O -but O -that O -the O -separation O -of O -the O -gamma O -- O -GT O -into O -two O -fractions O -is O -caused O -by O -a O -different O -distribution O -of O -the O -cholesterol B-Chemical -containing O -lipoprotei O -, O -s O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -inhibition O -could O -be O -completely O -reversed O -by O -beta O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -, O -indicating O -that O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -are O -essential O -for O -catalytic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -characteristics O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -oxidases O -from O -different O -sources O -was O -made O -by O -a O -new O -polarographic O -method O -for O -measurement O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -consumption I-Chemical -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -serum O -as O -substrate O -, O -the O -cholesterol B-Chemical -oxidases O -employed O -, O -except O -for O -the O -enzyme O -from O -Streptomyces O -, O -were O -not O -active O -without O -detergent O -in O -the O -reaction O -mixture O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -of O -human O -fat O -cell O -ghosts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -compound O -increased O -basal O -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -enzyme O -activity O -by O -about O -300 O -% O -; O -in O -addition O -GMP O -( O -PNP O -) O -increased O -hormone O -sensitivity O -by O -reducing O -the O -epinephrine B-Chemical -concentration O -required O -, O -to O -produce O -half O -maximal O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Galactose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -uridyltransferase O -in O -cultured O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimun O -pH O -was O -8 O -. O -7 O -and O -no O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -found O -without O -preincubation O -with O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -a O -role O -of O -carotenoids B-Chemical -in O -tolerance O -of O -sea O -molluscs O -to O -environment O -pollution O -. O - -aps B-category -Seasonal O -measurements O -of O -serum O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -serum O -cortisol B-Chemical -in O -a O -natural O -population O -of O -Fundulus O -heteroclitus O -L O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -tissue O -extracts O -of O -the O -land O -snail O -, O -Helix O -aspersa O -: O -unique O -adaptation O -of O -LDH O -subunits O -in O -a O -facultative O -anaerobe O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -in O -uptake O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -by O -Helix O -ganglia O -. O - -aps B-category -Thermoregulatory O -effects O -of O -peripheral O -catecholamines B-Chemical -on O -the O -pigeon O -after O -treatment O -with O -thyroxine B-Chemical -or O -thiouracil O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -creatinine B-Chemical -sulphate O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -transport O -across O -isolated O -frog O -skin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -cold O -- O -induced O -thermogenesis O -in O -the O -newborn O -pig O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -anxiolytic O -and O -amnesic O -effects O -of O -intramuscular O -lorazepam B-Chemical -as O -a O -pre O -- O -operative O -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -produced O -superior O -preoperative O -and O -post O -- O -operative O -anterograde O -amnesia O -, O -with O -respect O -to O -both O -incidence O -and O -duration O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -open O -study O -was O -carried O -out O -in O -40 O -ambulatory O -neurotic O -patients O -with O -classical O -symptoms O -of O -anxiety O -to O -assess O -which O -of O -their O -symptoms O -responded O -most O -readily O -and O -favourably O -to O -treatment O -with O -lorazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Brush O -border O -microvilli O -but O -not O -basal O -- O -lateral O -plasma O -membranes O -contain O -sodium B-Chemical -dependent O -stereospecific O -transport O -system O -for O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -, O -L O -- O -phenylalanine O -and O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -as O -indicated O -by O -saturability O -, O -countertransport O -and O -inhibition O -by O -structurally O -related O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Basal O -- O -lateral O -plasma O -membranes O -contain O -sodium B-Chemical -independent O -stereospecific O -transport O -systems O -for O -sugars O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -polarity O -in O -conjunction O -with O -the O -asymmetrical O -distribution O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -between O -the O -intra O -- O -and O -extracellular O -space O -seems O -to O -enable O -the O -proximal O -tubule O -epithelial O -cells O -to O -perform O -active O -transepithelial O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -recently O -been O -shown O -that O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -independent I-Chemical -glutaminase O -is O -a O -partial O -reaction O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -and O -that O -maleate B-Chemical -activates O -this O -enzyme O -by O -blocking O -transpeptidation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -enzyme O -has O -at O -least O -a O -100 O -- O -fold O -greater O -affinity O -for O -glutathione B-Chemical -or O -for O -glutathione B-Chemical -derivatives O -than O -for O -glutamine B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -that O -under O -physiological O -conditions O -glutathione B-Chemical -is O -the O -preferred O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -glutaminase O -, O -whose O -activity O -increases O -20 O -to O -30 O -- O -fold O -in O -the O -proximal O -convoluted O -tubule O -cells O -in O -response O -to O -metabolic O -acidosis O -, O -probably O -contributes O -significantly O -to O -renal O -ammoniagenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -an O -excellent O -correlation O -between O -increased O -activity O -and O -extent O -of O -dimerization O -as O -phosphate B-Chemical -concentration O -is O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -role O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -in O -renal O -tubular O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -reabsorption O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -radioactive O -glutathione B-Chemical -or O -its O -analogue O -ophthalmic O -acid O -was O -administered O -intravenously O -to O -mice O -or O -rats O -, O -the O -tripeptides O -were O -rapidly O -and O -completely O -degraded O -. O - -aps B-category -Kidney O -homogenate O -degraded O -glutathione B-Chemical -at O -a O -rate O -of O -46 O -. O -5 O -nmoles O -/ O -min O -per O -mg O -of O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -enzyme O -faces O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -side O -of O -the O -brush O -border O -membrane O -with O -respect O -to O -its O -substrate O -gluthathione O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relevance O -of O -the O -presented O -data O -concerning O -the O -production O -of O -hypoglycemia O -and O -metabolic O -acidosis O -in O -leucine B-Chemical -induced O -hypoglycemia O -and O -maple O -syrup O -urine O -disease O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -gene O -specifing O -this O -enzyme O -was O -observed O -to O -be O -syntenic O -with O -the O -mannose O -phosphate B-Chemical -isomerase O -locus O -in O -the O -56 O -primary O -man O -- O -mouse O -clones O -in O -this O -series O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -covalent O -binding O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -to O -microsomal O -protein O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADHP O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -various O -microsomal O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -Lung O -microsomes O -from O -rats O -, O -guinea O -pigs O -, O -and O -rabbits O -were O -quite O -active O -with O -respect O -to O -methyldopa B-Chemical -binding O -, O -and O -the O -reactions O -were O -totally O -blocked O -by O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -methyldopa B-Chemical -activation O -could O -be O -detected O -in O -fetal O -liver O -microsomes O -, O -whereas O -a O -rapid O -increase O -in O -activity O -to O -above O -adult O -levels O -occurred O -during O -the O -first O -2 O -days O -after O -birth O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rat O -brain O -as O -a O -" O -deep O -compartment O -" O -in O -the O -kinetics O -of O -a O -common O -metabolite O -of O -prochlorperazine B-Chemical -and O -perphenazine O -. O - -aps B-category -Localization O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -14C I-Chemical -, O -cotinine O -- O -14C O -, O -and O -nicotine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -' O -- O -N O -- O -oxide O -- O -14C O -in O -tissues O -of O -the O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -Blank O -sections O -were O -also O -incubated O -with O -nicotine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -14C I-Chemical -and O -cotinine O -- O -14C O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Cotinine O -- O -14C O -and O -nicotine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -' O -- O -N O -- O -oxide O -- O -14C O -, O -after O -iv O -administration O -, O -did O -not O -localize O -in O -bronchi O -or O -nasal O -mucosa O -at O -short O -time O -intervals O -after O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -fresh O -, O -nonfrozen O -mouse O -lung O -and O -perfusion O -of O -rabbit O -lung O -in O -vitro O -with O -nicotine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -14C I-Chemical -produced O -the O -same O -localization O -of O -radioactivity O -in O -bronchi O -as O -that O -seen O -after O -in O -vivo O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -sex O -hormones O -on O -the O -disposition O -in O -rats O -of O -1 O -- O -aminocyclohexane O -carboxylic O -acid O -, O -a O -metabolite O -of O -semisynthetic O -penicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -castrated O -males O -with O -estradiol B-Chemical -markedly O -enhances O -the O -effect O -of O -castration O -, O -but O -treatment O -of O -ovariectomized O -females O -with O -testosterone B-Chemical -propionate I-Chemical -has O -little O -or O -no O -additional O -effect O -over O -ovariectomy O -. O - -aps B-category -Species O -differences O -in O -the O -metabolism O -and O -disposition O -of O -spironolactone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Spironolactone B-Chemical -was O -extensively O -metabolized O -in O -all O -three O -species O -and O -differences O -existed O -in O -the O -composition O -of O -the O -metabolites O -in O -their O -plasma O -, O -urine O -, O -and O -feces O -. O - -aps B-category -Cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -- O -metabolic O -intermediate O -complexes O -were O -formed O -from O -N O -- O -hydroxyamphetamine O -, O -benzphetamine O -, O -norbenzphetamine O -, O -and O -d O -- O -and O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -in O -lung O -microsomal O -fractions O -and O -from O -N O -- O -hydroxyamphetamine O -in O -small O -intestinal O -mucosa O -microsomal O -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -Identification O -of O -basic O -metabolites O -of O -4 O -- O -[ O -4 O -- O -( O -p O -- O -chlo O -- O -robenzoyl O -) O -piperidino O -] O -- O -4 O -' O -- O -fluorobutyrophenone O -, O -an O -experimental O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -with O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -problem O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -interactions O -with O -psychotropic O -drugs O -involves O -various O -factors O -whose O -complex O -action O -is O -examined O -in O -this O -article O -. O - -aps B-category -Developmental O -changes O -in O -serum O -luteinizing O -hormone O -, O -follicle O -stimulating O -hormone O -and O -androgen B-Chemical -levels O -in O -males O -of O -two O -inbred O -mouse O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -Gonadotropic O -hormone O -( O -GTH O -) O -levels O -rose O -10 O -- O -15 O -days O -prior O -to O -the O -pubertal O -increase O -in O -serum O -androgen B-Chemical -with O -FSH O -preceding O -LH O -in O -this O -regard O -. O - -aps B-category -Corticotropin O -releasing O -factor O -distribution O -in O -normal O -and O -Brattleboro O -rat O -brain O -, O -and O -effect O -of O -deafferentation O -, O -hypophysectomy O -and O -steroid B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -normal O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -CRF O -- O -like O -activity O -in O -ME O -and O -MBH O -increased O -following O -hypophysectomy O -and O -after O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -pretreatment O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -exogenous O -insulin O -diminishes O -the O -islet O -total O -NADPH B-Chemical -/ O -NADP O -ratio O -by O -a O -direct O -or O -indirect O -decrease O -in O -PPS O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -was O -depressed O -at O -pH8 O -, O -by O -addition O -of O -10 O -mm O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -or O -100 O -mM O -MgCl2 O -, O -and O -by O -1 O -mM O -GTP O -or O -UTP O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -sexual O -activity O -and O -learning O -capacity O -were O -permanently O -decreased O -in O -neonatally O -pargyline O -- O -or O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -animals O -, O -but O -permanently O -increased O -in O -neonatally O -pyridostigmine O -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -testosterone B-Chemical -plasma O -level O -was O -determined O -in O -5 O -groups O -: O -1 O -. O -in O -69 O -normal O -juveniles O -and O -85 O -fertile O -males O -at O -the O -age O -of O -11 O -to O -45 O -years O -, O -2 O -. O -in O -42 O -patients O -with O -hypospadia O -or O -epispadia O -aged O -11 O -to O -25 O -years O -, O -3 O -. O -in O -72 O -males O -with O -unilateral O -cryptorchidism O -at O -the O -age O -of O -11 O -to O -45 O -years O -, O -4 O -. O -in O -83 O -males O -with O -bilateral O -cryptorchidism O -aged O -11 O -to O -45 O -years O -and O -5 O -. O -in O -106 O -patients O -with O -Klinefelter O -' O -s O -syndrome O -at O -the O -age O -of O -16 O -to O -45 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -as O -early O -as O -at O -the O -age O -of O -13 O -to O -14 O -years O -decreased O -testosterone B-Chemical -values O -were O -found O -in O -the O -patients O -as O -compared O -to O -normal O -juveniles O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -adulthood O -, O -plasma O -testosterone B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -patient O -groups O -were O -observed O -to O -be O -4 O -to O -6 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -without O -significant O -age O -- O -dependent O -changes O -, O -which O -are O -characteristic O -of O -normospermic O -males O -. O - -aps B-category -stimulates O -gastric O -secretion O -in O -the O -chicken O -with O -either O -an O -acute O -or O -a O -chronic O -proventriculus O -fistula O -; O -this O -effect O -is O -blocked O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -evidence O -implicating O -E O -- O -type O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -in O -the O -patency O -of O -the O -lamb O -ductus O -arteriosus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -result O -supports O -the O -hypothesis O -formulated O -previously O -that O -E O -- O -type O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -, O -which O -are O -potent O -relaxant O -on O -the O -ductus O -, O -are O -responsible O -for O -maintaining O -the O -patency O -of O -the O -vessel O -during O -foetal O -life O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -blocking O -potencies O -of O -ICI66082 O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -with O -respect O -to O -heart O -rate O -contractility O -, O -diastolic O -blood O -pressure O -and O -peripheral O -vascular O -conductance O -were O -compared O -in O -anaesthetized O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -and O -peripheral O -vascular O -effects O -of O -ICI66082 O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -were O -compared O -in O -terms O -of O -the O -shifts O -in O -the O -dose O -- O -- O -response O -curves O -after O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -was O -twice O -as O -potent O -as O -an O -equimolar O -dose O -of O -ICI66082 O -on O -cardiac O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -antinociceptive O -, O -tolerance O -- O -and O -dependence O -- O -producing O -properties O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -rodents O -and O -monkeys O -. O - -aps B-category -Racemic O -propranolol B-Chemical -did O -not O -significantly O -affect O -the O -antinociceptive O -ED50 O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -rodents O -and O -neither O -precipitated O -abstinence O -in O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -monkeys O -nor O -exacerbated O -the O -syndrome O -in O -24 O -hr O -withdrawn O -monkeys O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -a O -possible O -propranolol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -morphine I-Chemical -interaction O -came O -from O -studies O -using O -the O -mouse O -tail O -flick O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Concurrent O -injections O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -antagonised O -this O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -results O -were O -obtained O -with O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -; O -practolol O -had O -a O -neutral O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -direct O -positive O -inotropic O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -studied O -on O -paced O -left O -atrial O -preparation O -from O -guinea O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -increase O -in O -tension O -was O -60 O -% O -of O -that O -observed O -with O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -tripelennamine O -( O -a O -typical O -H1 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -) O -competitively O -shifted O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -inotropic O -dose O -- O -- O -response O -curve O -to O -the O -right O -at O -concentrations O -from O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -to O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -. O -Higher O -concentrations O -( O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -and O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -) O -caused O -little O -further O -additional O -shift O -to O -the O -right O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -demonstrate O -that O -in O -guinea O -- O -pig O -atria O -histamine B-Chemical -increases O -myocardial O -contractility O -by O -an O -interaction O -with O -receptors O -closely O -related O -to O -classical O -H1 O -- O -receptors O -while O -its O -chronotropic O -effect O -is O -mediated O -by O -interaction O -with O -H2 O -- O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -transport O -and O -the O -trans O -- O -membrane O -pH O -gradient O -in O -isolated O -rat O -- O -liver O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -immobilized O -in O -a O -lipid O -- O -protein O -matrix O -. O - -aps B-category -Physicochemical O -properties O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -and O -its O -interaction O -with O -Cu O -( O -II O -) O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -relation O -to O -anticoagulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Reconstitution O -in O -vitro O -of O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -from O -apoprotein O -of O -molybdenum O -- O -deficient O -spinach O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -range O -effects O -of O -products O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -lipid O -peroxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -Biphasic O -interactions O -between O -a O -Neurospora O -crassa O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -reduced O -nicotinamide O -- O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Calorimetric O -characterization O -of O -the O -micellar O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -in O -cows O -' O -milk O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F2alpha O -receptors O -in O -bovine O -corpus O -luteum O -cell O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -to O -the O -membranes O -was O -not O -accompanied O -by O -any O -detectable O -changes O -in O -receptor O -- O -bound O -or O -free O -[ O -3H O -] O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolites O -of O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -, O -15 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -keto I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -PGF2alpha I-Chemical -and O -13 O -, O -14 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -15 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -keto I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -PGF2alpha I-Chemical -had O -100 O -- O -fold O -less O -affinity O -for O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -indomethacin B-Chemical -and O -7 O -- O -oxa O -- O -13 O -- O -prostynoic O -acid O -had O -3 O -, O -000 O -- O -to O -10 O -, O -000 O -- O -fold O -less O -affinities O -for O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -various O -phospholipids O -used O -, O -sphingomyelin O -was O -found O -to O -be O -very O -effective O -in O -restoring O -the O -loss O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -binding O -in O -phospholipase O -C O -- O -treated O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggested O -that O -tyrosyl O -, O -histidyl O -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -and O -amino B-Chemical -( O -any O -one O -or O -all O -of O -them O -) O -but O -not O -SH O -groups O -were O -involved O -in O -binding O -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Cultured O -cells O -from O -Morris O -hepatoma O -7316A O -contained O -isozymes O -I O -and O -II O -, O -but O -not O -isozyme O -III O -, O -of O -branched O -- O -chain O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transaminase O -. O - -aps B-category -Isozyme O -II O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -transaminase O -were O -induced O -by O -addition O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -GGT O -activity O -was O -abnormal O -less O -frequently O -and O -the O -mean O -value O -was O -relatively O -depressed O -, O -even O -though O -hepatitis O -was O -as O -severe O -, O -in O -the O -second O -half O -of O -gestation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -hyperbilirubinemia O -was O -found O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -depressed O -serum O -GGT O -activity O -, O -and O -bilirubin B-Chemical -added O -to O -serum O -in O -vitro O -interfered O -with O -measured O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -investigate O -the O -source O -of O -free O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -found O -in O -the O -gut O -lumen O -during O -absorption O -of O -dipeptides O -, O -as O -well O -as O -evaluating O -the O -role O -of O -brush O -border O -peptidases O -in O -the O -mucosal O -hydrolysis O -of O -dipeptides O -during O -absorption O -, O -rates O -of O -dipeptide O -disappearance O -and O -appearance O -of O -hydrolytic O -products O -were O -measured O -during O -perfusion O -of O -rat O -jejunum O -and O -ileum O -in O -vivo O -with O -buffered O -and O -unbuffered O -10 O -mM O -solutions O -of O -glycl O -- O -L O -- O -phenylalanine O -( O -Gly O -- O -Phe O -) O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenylalanyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -( O -Phe O -- O -Gly O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -jejunum O -, O -in O -vitro O -rates O -of O -brush O -border O -hydrolysis O -of O -Gly O -- O -Phe O -were O -always O -less O -than O -in O -vivo O -disappearance O -rates O -, O -whereas O -rates O -of O -Phe O -- O -Gly O -brush O -border O -hydrolysis O -always O -exceeded O -luminal B-Chemical -disappearance O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -metiamide O -on O -basal O -and O -stimulated O -serum O -cholecystokinin B-Chemical -levels O -in O -duodenal O -ulcer O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -peak O -serum O -CCK O -levels O -after O -the O -meal O -were O -not O -significantly O -different O -( O -7400 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1141 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -before O -treatment O -and O -7569 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1293 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -on O -metiamide O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversible O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -binding O -to O -rabbit O -myometrium O -: O -relationship O -to O -sites O -of O -known O -biological O -significance O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -characterized O -the O -binding O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norepinephrine I-Chemical -to O -microsomes O -prepared O -from O -rabbit O -myometrium O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -alpha1 O -- O -anti O -- O -trypsin O -, O -alpha2 O -- O -macroglobulinand O -antithrombin O -II O -are O -present O -in O -euglobulin O -fractions O -in O -trace O -amounts O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -testosterone B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -determined O -before O -and O -after O -6 O -weeks O -of O -human O -chorionic O -gonadotropin O -treatment O -in O -36 O -prepubertal O -boys O -with O -bilateral O -or O -unilateral O -cryptorchidism O -. O - -aps B-category -Sustained O -, O -60 O -- O -minute O -perfusion O -of O -glibenclamide B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -, O -1 O -. O -5 O -and O -10 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -) O -elicits O -a O -one O -- O -phase O -insulin O -release O -profile O -, O -formed O -by O -a O -rapid O -secretion O -peak O -followed O -by O -a O -second O -peak O -with O -lower O -insulin O -levels O -than O -the O -former O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -glibenclamide B-Chemical -does O -not O -modify O -the O -biphasic O -secretion O -pattern O -caused O -by O -maximal O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -( O -400 O -mg O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -insulin O -secretion O -caused O -by O -glibenclamide B-Chemical -is O -not O -inhibited O -by O -puromycin O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -and O -imidazole O -inhibit O -glibenclamide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -insulin O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Glibenclamide B-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -induce O -secretion O -of O -insulin O -originating O -in O -the O -same O -compartment O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -stepwise O -changes O -of O -the O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -concentration O -between O -0 O -and O -20 O -mM O -always O -induced O -a O -fluorescence O -increase O -, O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -glucose B-Chemical -on O -the O -one O -hand O -and O -glyceraldehyde O -or O -3 O -- O -o O -- O -methylglucose O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -cause O -different O -metabolic O -states O -in O -pancreatic O -islets O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentrations O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -precursors O -in O -human O -erythrocytes O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -the O -activities O -of O -endogenous O -or O -added O -glutamyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -synthetase O -on O -the O -rate O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -was O -measured O -in O -membrane O -- O -free O -hemolysates O -under O -physiological O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -precursor O -concentrations O -on O -the O -synthesis O -of O -the O -tripeptide O -was O -investigated O -at O -constant O -( O -endogenous O -) O -activities O -of O -the O -synthesizing O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -concentration O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -limits O -the O -actual O -rate O -of O -the O -glutamyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -synthetase I-Chemical -reaction O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -indicates O -that O -erythrocytes O -have O -an O -appropriate O -system O -for O -their O -reduction O -, O -since O -the O -disulfides O -themselves O -are O -not O -substrates O -for O -the O -glutathione B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -synthesizing I-Chemical -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -step O -in O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -is O -the O -formation O -of O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -by O -the O -enzyme O -glutamyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -investigated O -in O -membrane O -- O -free O -hemolysate O -the O -competition O -between O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -or O -ophthalmic O -acid O -and O -the O -degradation O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -peptides O -by O -measuring O -the O -formation O -of O -5 O -- O -oxoproline O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -an O -increased O -oxoproline O -production O -only O -under O -conditions O -where O -glutamyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -accumulated O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -membrane O -- O -free O -hemolysate O -( O -which O -lacks O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -) O -is O -able O -to O -produce O -5 O -- O -oxoproline O -starting O -from O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -this O -5 O -- O -oxoprolinent O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -via O -a O -modified O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -thiocyanate O -on O -nitrite B-Chemical -estimation O -and O -the O -cleavage O -of O -nitrosamines O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -sulfanilic O -acid O -was O -added O -three O -minutes O -before O -addition O -of O -naphthylethylenediamine O -, O -the O -relationship O -between O -nitrite B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -colour O -production O -was O -more O -linear O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -thiocyanate O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromide O -and O -thiocyanate O -are O -similar O -in O -their O -catalytic O -effects O -on O -nitrosation O -, O -and O -hydrobromic O -acid O -in O -glacial O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -is O -an O -effective O -reagent O -for O -denitrosation O -of O -nitrosamine O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -experiments O -demonstrate O -that O -the O -polyphenol B-Chemical -, O -gallic O -acid O -, O -can O -both O -catalyse O -and O -inhibit O -NDEA O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitrosation O -of O -food O -amines B-Chemical -lnder O -stomach O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -nitrosamines O -by O -interaction O -of O -some O -drugs O -with O -nitrite B-Chemical -in O -human O -gastric O -juice O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -found O -in O -smoking B-Chemical -tobaccos O -, O -chewing O -tobaccos O -and O -in O -snuff O -in O -concentrations O -between O -0 O -. O -3 O -and O -90 O -. O -0 O -mug O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -with O -N O -' O -- O -methylanabasine O -applied O -to O -tobacco O -plants O -are O -currently O -under O -way O -to O -test O -the O -idea O -that O -nicotine B-Chemical -rather O -than O -nornicotine O -is O -the O -major O -precursor O -of O -NNN O -in O -processed O -tobacco O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antibacterial O -activity O -of O -a O -myeloperoxidase O -( O -MPO O -) O -- B-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -oxidase O -system O -was O -found O -to O -be O -greatly O -increased O -by O -granulocyte O -elastase O -, O -present O -in O -azurophil O -granules O -of O -human O -neutrophils O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -degradative O -enzymes O -isolated O -from O -human O -granulocytes O -, O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -collagenase O -and O -lysozyme O -, O -did O -not O -potentiate O -MPO B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -H2O2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -or O -cationic O -protein O -- O -dependent O -bacterial O -killing O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -fominoben O -on O -ventilation O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -blood O -gases O -in O -patients O -with O -obstructive O -ventilation O -disorders O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Labetalol B-Chemical -( O -AH5158 O -) O -a O -new O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -was O -given O -to O -12 O -hypertensive O -patients O -for O -an O -average O -of O -7 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -I O -will O -discuss O -some O -of O -the O -aspects O -of O -the O -mechanism O -of O -peptide O -hormones O -such O -as O -LH O -and O -FSH O -but O -will O -devote O -most O -of O -my O -attention O -discussing O -the O -details O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -hormone O -action O -since O -our O -knowledge O -in O -this O -area O -is O -much O -more O -complete O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -report O -the O -effect O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -, O -IBMX O -and O -Cholera O -toxin O -on O -ejaculated O -human O -spermatozoa O -was O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -Caffeine B-Chemical -stimulated O -motility O -, O -preserved O -viability O -and O -increased O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -fructose O -utilization O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -of O -sperm O -in O -whole O -semen O -and O -washed O -sperm O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -Its O -variations O -under O -the O -action O -of O -estrogens B-Chemical -, O -clomiphene B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -, O -D O -- O -norgestrel O -( O -post O -- O -coital O -and O -low O -dose O -) O -and O -intrauterine O -device O -( O -IUD O -) O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Ammonia B-Chemical -production O -and O -excretion O -in O -the O -mammalian O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -Radiographic O -contrast B-Chemical -materials I-Chemical -added O -to O -blood O -reduce O -the O -red O -cell O -membrane O -potential O -by O -balancing O -the O -internal O -impenetrable O -anions O -, O -hemoglobin O -and O -organic O -phosphates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acidification O -process O -is O -slowed O -in O -part O -by O -an O -initial O -alkalosis O -due O -to O -Hypaque B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -course O -of O -plasma O -acidification O -indicates O -that O -a O -maximal O -reduction O -in O -blood O -pH O -may O -not O -occur O -in O -the O -capillaries O -of O -a O -regional O -circulation O -following O -injection O -of O -contrast B-Chemical -materials I-Chemical -into O -its O -afferent O -vessel O -, O -since O -the O -transit O -time O -of O -the O -contrast B-Chemical -material O -may O -be O -less O -than O -the O -time O -required O -for O -maximal O -acidification O -of O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -Minute O -ventilation O -was O -measured O -in O -conscious O -dogs O -, O -at O -rest O -and O -during O -exercise O -( O -1 O -mph O -) O -, O -over O -60 O -min O -immediately O -following O -the O -acute O -inhalation O -of O -5 O -% O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -in O -air O -and O -at O -2 O -, O -4 O -, O -7 O -, O -and O -14 O -days O -while O -breathing O -the O -same O -gas O -mixture O -in O -a O -chamber O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -on O -hemoglobin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxygen I-Chemical -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -was O -changed O -by O -varying O -CO2 O -concentration O -( O -CO2 O -Bohr O -effect O -) O -or O -by O -addition O -of O -isotonic O -NaOH B-Chemical -or O -HCl O -at O -constant O -PCO2 O -( O -fixed O -acid O -Bohr O -effect O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -as O -[ O -HbCO O -] O -was O -increased O -from O -2 O -to O -75 O -% O -, O -the O -fixed O -acid O -Bohr O -factor O -increased O -in O -magnitude O -from O -- O -0 O -. O -20 O -to O -- O -0 O -. O -80 O -at O -very O -low O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -also O -suggest O -that O -heme O -- O -heme O -interaction O -is O -different O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -than O -for O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -it O -, O -chemotaxis O -measured O -by O -capillary O -assays O -was O -insensitive O -to O -pH O -between O -5 O -. O -5 O -and O -9 O -, O -and O -to O -temperature O -between O -28 O -degrees O -C O -and O -42 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Chemotaxis O -was O -observed O -toward O -all O -20 O -common O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -with O -thresholds O -varying O -from O -3nM O -for O -alanine B-Chemical -to O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -for O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -in O -the O -capillary O -assay O -, O -and O -from O -0 O -. O -1 O -muM O -for O -alanine B-Chemical -to O -0 O -. O -32 O -mM O -for O -glutamate B-Chemical -in O -the O -microscope O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -partially O -purified O -preparation O -is O -free O -of O -competing O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -PCA O -dehydrogenase O -, O -and O -proline O -oxidase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -values O -determined O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -NADH O -are O -0 O -. O -03 O -and O -0 O -. O -23 O -mM O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inhibitable I-Chemical -3 O -- O -deoxy O -- O -d O -- O -arabinoheptulosonic O -acid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthase O -from O -Salmonella O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -had O -an O -apparent O -molecular O -weight O -of O -76 O -, O -000 O -by O -gel O -filtration O -and O -a O -subunit O -molecular O -weight O -of O -40 O -, O -000 O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -and O -by O -reaction O -with O -dimethyl O -suberimidate O -. O - -aps B-category -Exopenicillinases O -released O -by O -growing O -cells O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -and O -by O -washed O -cells O -or O -protoplasts O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -0 O -have O -the O -same O -NH2 O -- O -terminal O -residues O -( O -lysine O -and O -some O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -) O -; O -in O -addition O -, O -the O -various O -release O -systems O -show O -a O -parallel O -sensitivity O -to O -inhibition O -by O -deoxycholate O -, O -quinacrine O -, O -chloroquine B-Chemical -, O -and O -o O -- O -phenanthroline O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -activities O -are O -inhibited O -by O -diisopropylfluorophosphate B-Chemical -; O -hence O -, O -the O -enzyme O -is O -a O -serine O -protease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -showed O -catalytic O -activity O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -cobalt B-Chemical -ions O -as O -well O -as O -magnesium B-Chemical -and O -manganese O -ions O -, O -was O -not O -inhibited O -by O -succinate O -in O -fresh O -extracts O -, O -and O -displayed O -a O -low O -Michaelis O -constant O -for O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -27 O -mM O -) O -, O -as O -compared O -with O -other O -PEPCs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -structures O -were O -not O -found O -in O -young O -, O -logarithmically O -growing O -cells O -but O -formed O -in O -these O -cells O -upon O -autolysis O -or O -treatment O -with O -penicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -V O -. O -Ethoxyformylation O -of O -histidine O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -of O -catalase O -with O -diethylpyrocarbonate O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -a O -half O -of O -the O -histidine O -residues O -may O -lie O -outside O -the O -protein O -core O -and O -that O -three O -- O -quarters O -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -are O -probably O -in O -the O -protein O -core O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -transient O -rise O -in O -cyclic O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -monophosphate O -( O -c O -- O -GMP O -) O -in O -the O -liver O -was O -observed O -in O -rats O -in O -vivo O -10 O -- O -- O -20 O -min O -after O -partial O -hepatectomy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -cases O -, O -inductions O -of O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -[ O -EC O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -17 O -] O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -[ O -EC O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -5 O -] O -were O -found O -4 O -hr O -after O -the O -beginning O -of O -the O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -c O -- O -GMP O -, O -but O -not O -c O -- O -AMP O -, O -could O -induce O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -isolated O -, O -perfused O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -assay O -procedure O -for O -triglyceride B-Chemical -lipase O -[ O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -] O -was O -developed O -in O -which O -radioactive O -triolein O -was O -dissolved O -in O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -directly O -added O -to O -the O -reaction O -mixture O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -serum O -and O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -- O -dependent O -protein O -kinase O -[ O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -1 O -. O -27 O -] O -was O -unable O -to O -activate O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxytocinase O -( O -cystyl O -- O -aminopeptidase O -) O -[ O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -11 O -. O -3 O -] O -was O -isolated O -from O -monkey O -placenta O -in O -a O -purified O -form O -by O -a O -six O -- O -step O -prodedure O -comprising O -extraction O -from O -monkey O -placenta O -homogenate O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -fractionation O -, O -repeated O -chromatography O -on O -hydroxylapatite O -, O -chromatography O -on O -a O -column O -of O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -and O -gel O -filtration O -on O -a O -column O -of O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -group O -was O -required O -for O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -isolated O -material O -gave O -a O -single O -protein O -band O -on O -analytical O -gel O -electrophoresis O -at O -pH O -3 O -. O -2 O -, O -gel O -electrofocusing O -, O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -( O -SDS O -) O -gel O -electrophoresis O -with O -or O -without O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -methionine B-Chemical -was O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -Renaturation O -processes O -of O -L O -chain O -, O -Fd O -, O -Fab O -( O -SS O -) O -fragment O -( O -with O -intact O -interchain O -disulfide O -bond O -) O -, O -and O -Fab O -( O -RA O -) O -fragment O -( O -in O -which O -the O -interchain O -disulfide O -bond O -had O -been O -reduced O -and O -alkylated O -) O -from O -the O -denatured O -states O -in O -0 O -. O -5 O -or O -1 O -M O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -on O -neutralization O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -standpoint O -of O -monomer O -- O -dimer O -equilibrium O -of O -hog O -kidney O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -[ O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -3 O -] O -and O -the O -interaction O -between O -the O -enzyme O -and O -small O -molecules O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -pH O -on O -the O -binding O -of O -p O -- O -aminobenzoate O -to O -the O -monomer O -and O -dimer O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -studied O -by O -kinetic O -methods O -and O -spectrophotometric O -titration O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -the O -interaction O -between O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -quasi O -- O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -propose O -that O -the O -amino B-Chemical -group O -in O -aminobenzoate O -, O -not O -the O -pi O -- O -electrons O -of O -the O -benzene B-Chemical -ring O -, O -is O -the O -electron O -donor O -in O -the O -charge O -- O -transfer O -complex O -and O -that O -the O -position O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -group O -is O -very O -important O -for O -the O -charge O -- O -transfer O -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -produced O -predominantly O -cellobiose O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -from O -various O -cellulosic O -substrates O -as O -well O -as O -from O -higher O -cellooligosaccharides O -. O - -aps B-category -Mycobacterium O -smegmatis O -cells O -incorporated O -[ O -1 O -- O -14C O -] O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -into O -triacylglycerols O -( O -TG O -) O -from O -the O -medium O -more O -rapidly O -than O -shorter O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -caprilic O -and O -butyric O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -constants O -of O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deuterium I-Chemical -exchange O -reactions O -were O -found O -to O -be O -8 O -. O -0 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -, O -2 O -. O -6 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -, O -and O -8 O -. O -0 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -min O -- O -1 O -, O -respectively O -, O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -5 O -and O -at O -35 O -degrees O -, O -while O -at O -62 O -degrees O -all O -three O -were O -found O -to O -be O -0 O -. O -84 O -approximately O -1 O -. O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -min O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ratios O -of O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -to O -aspartic O -acid O -and O -of O -leucine B-Chemical -to O -isoleucine O -were O -higher O -than O -those O -of O -other O -Japanese O -monkey O -pepsinogens O -. O - -aps B-category -Pepsin O -C O -could O -scarcely O -hydrolyze O -the O -synthetic O -substrate O -, O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -L O -- O -phenylalanyl O -- O -3 O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diiodo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -( O -APDT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparative O -study O -of O -the O -dissolution O -of O -synthetic O -hydroxyapatite O -and O -human O -enamel O -crystals O -has O -been O -realized O -in O -a O -buffered O -( O -sodium B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -- O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -) O -solution O -in O -presence O -of O -variable O -quantities O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -had O -an O -apparent O -Mr O -= O -51 O -, O -000 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -, O -000 O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -electrophoresis O -, O -100 O -, O -000 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -, O -000 O -by O -discontinuous O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -and O -50 O -, O -000 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -, O -000 O -by O -gel O -filtration O -in O -Bio O -- O -Gel O -A O -- O -0 O -. O -5m O -agarose O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -increased O -by O -heating O -at O -56 O -degrees O -or O -by O -treating O -with O -dimethylsulfoxide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activated O -and O -native O -enzyme O -had O -apparently O -identical O -mobilities O -in O -acrylamide O -disc O -electrophoresis O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -soluble O -guanylate O -cyclase O -from O -rat O -lung O -by O -incubation O -or O -by O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -inhibitors O -suggested O -a O -copper B-Chemical -requirement O -for O -activation O -, O -and O -this O -was O -confirmed O -by O -demonstrating O -that O -20 O -to O -60 O -muM O -CuCl2 O -could O -relieve O -the O -inhibition O -by O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -sodium B-Chemical -diethyldithiocarbamate O -. O - -aps B-category -H2O2 B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -activate O -guanylate O -cyclase O -, O -either O -by O -its O -generation O -in O -the O -lung O -supernatant O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -or O -by O -its O -addition O -to O -a O -preparation O -in O -which O -the O -catalase O -was O -inhibited O -with O -KCN O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -direct O -evidence O -for O -H2O2 B-Chemical -formation O -during O -preincubation O -could O -be O -found O -, O -however O -, O -indirect O -evidence O -was O -obtained O -by O -the O -spectrophotometric O -detection O -of O -choleglobin O -formation O -from O -hemoglobin O -present O -in O -the O -lung O -supernatant O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -fructose O -diphosphate O -, O -AMP O -, O -ATP O -, O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -also O -studied O -under O -conditions O -approximating O -the O -metabolite O -contents O -of O -skeletal O -muscle O -in O -vivo O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -, O -10mM O -ATP O -, O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -fructose O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -AMP O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -affect O -the O -maximum O -velocity O -and O -have O -little O -effect O -on O -affinity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -for O -fructose O -diphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -sharp O -decline O -in O -triiodothyronine O -binding O -by O -this O -component O -above O -pH O -8 O -. O -7 O -( O -optimum O -around O -pH O -7 O -. O -6 O -) O -where O -there O -is O -marked O -dissociation O -of O -the O -4 O -' O -phenolic O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -of O -triiodothyronine O -( O -pKalpha O -approximately O -8 O -. O -5 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -ionization O -of O -the O -phenolic O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -may O -influence O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -binding O -activities O -of O -triiodothyronine O -, O -isopropyl O -diiodothyronine O -, O -and O -thyroxine B-Chemical -by O -the O -major O -component O -, O -similar O -to O -those O -in O -intact O -nuclei O -, O -parallel O -the O -biological O -potencies O -of O -these O -compounds O -, O -and O -suggest O -that O -the O -dominant O -binding O -is O -by O -biologically O -relevant O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -method O -the O -rates O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -H O -+ O -ejection O -were O -measured O -simultaneously O -during O -the O -initial O -period O -of O -respiration O -evoked O -by O -addition O -of O -succinate O -to O -aerobic O -, O -rotenone O -- O -inhibited O -, O -de O -- O -energized O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -when O -phosphate B-Chemical -movements O -were O -eliminated O -either O -by O -inhibition O -of O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxide I-Chemical -antiporter O -with O -N O -- O -ethylamaleimide O -or O -by O -depleting O -the O -mitochondria O -of O -their O -endogenous O -phosphate B-Chemical -content O -, O -H O -+ O -/ O -site O -ratios O -close O -to O -4 O -. O -0 O -were O -consistently O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -H O -+ O -/ O -site O -ratio O -of O -mitochondrial O -electron O -transport O -, O -when O -phosphate B-Chemical -movements O -are O -eliminated O -, O -may O -be O -close O -to O -4 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Cepsilon O -methyl O -group O -of O -the O -2 O -methionine B-Chemical -residues O -in O -sperm O -whale O -myoglobin O -was O -enriched O -with O -respect O -to O -13C O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -composition O -, O -absorbance O -spectrum O -, O -circular O -dichroism O -spectrum O -, O -isoionic O -point O -, O -electrophoretic O -behavior O -, O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -behavior O -following O -reduction O -were O -all O -indistinguishable O -from O -those O -of O -the O -virgin O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -positions O -of O -these O -resonances O -are O -sensitive O -to O -pH O -and O -to O -the O -ligand O -bound O -at O -the O -heme O -group O -which O -is O -approximately O -17 O -A O -distant O -from O -each O -methionine B-Chemical -Cepsilon O -. O - -aps B-category -Part O -of O -the O -observed O -variations O -in O -chemical O -shift O -could O -be O -treated O -as O -arising O -from O -pseudocontact O -interactions O -but O -part O -was O -ascribed O -to O -structural O -changes O -communicated O -to O -the O -environment O -of O -each O -methionine B-Chemical -residue O -as O -a O -result O -of O -changes O -in O -heme O -ligand O -, O -pH O -, O -or O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -spin O -- O -lattice O -relaxation O -times O -, O -T1 O -, O -of O -the O -two O -methionine B-Chemical -Cepsilon O -resonances O -at O -the O -three O -spectrometer O -frequencies O -were O -interpreted O -to O -indicate O -the O -existence O -of O -rotational O -motions O -in O -each O -side O -chain O -in O -addition O -to O -that O -about O -the O -Sdelta O -- O -Cepsilon O -bond O -. O - -aps B-category -Porcine O -and O -rat O -microsomal O -stearyl O -- O -CoA O -desaturases O -require O -reduced O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -are O -cyanide O -sensitive O -, O -and O -are O -insensitive O -to O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -to O -liver O -, O -the O -specific O -contents O -and O -activities O -of O -electron O -carriers O -are O -much O -lower O -in O -adipose O -tissue O -, O -and O -activities O -of O -4 O -- O -methyl O -sterol B-Chemical -oxidase O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -- O -dependent O -aminopyrene O -demethylase O -and O -benzypyrene O -hydroxylase O -, O -are O -negligible O -in O -adipose O -tissue O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -little O -, O -if O -any O -, O -primary O -isotope O -effect O -is O -associated O -with O -methyl O -sterol B-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -these O -two O -mixed O -function O -oxidases O -of O -biosynthetic O -processes O -also O -appear O -to O -share O -this O -property O -in O -common O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectrophotometric O -study O -of O -spontaneous O -disproportionation O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -anion O -radical O -and O -sensitive O -direct O -assay O -for O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -postulated O -that O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -Cr O -( O -NH3 O -) O -2ATP O -induce O -the O -same O -slow O -conformational O -change O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -as O -that O -induced O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -MgATP O -, O -which O -gives O -rise O -to O -the O -normal O -burst O -- O -type O -transient O -. O - -aps B-category -Catalytic O -mechanisms O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -E O -. O -coli O -enzyme O -PA2LA O -was O -found O -to O -bind O -no O -more O -tightly O -than O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -and O -is O -strictly O -competitive O -versus O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -( O -Ki O -= O -3 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specificity O -of O -the O -two O -enzymes O -toward O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -SR I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfoximine I-Chemical -, O -Met O -( O -O O -) O -( O -NH O -) O -, O -was O -also O -different O -. O -. O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -the O -data O -has O -shown O -that O -the O -flavoprotein O -is O -reduced O -prior O -to O -the O -iron B-Chemical -sulfur O -protein O -, O -and O -that O -the O -midpoint O -oxidation O -- O -reduction O -potentials O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -) O -of O -the O -two O -proteins O -are O -- O -295 O -and O -- O -331 O -mV O -, O -respectively O -, O -when O -both O -are O -present O -in O -the O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -the O -protein O -- O -protein O -complex O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -yielded O -a O -ternary O -complex O -between O -NADP O -+ O -, O -flavoprotein O -, O -and O -iron B-Chemical -sulfur O -protein O -, O -with O -the O -two O -electrons O -located O -in O -a O -" O -charge O -transfer O -" O -complex O -between O -flavoprotein O -and O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -appropriate O -- O -Pro O -- O -X O -- O -bonds O -in O -zinc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -porcine O -insulin O -, O -oxytocin B-Chemical -, O -arginine B-Chemical -vasopressin I-Chemical -, O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -, O -bradykinin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -potentiating I-Chemical -factor O -were O -cleaved O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -that O -in O -Hb O -A O -the O -binding O -of O -anionic O -cofactors O -directly O -influences O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -by O -neutralizing O -the O -charged O -groups O -of O -the O -diphosphoglycerate O -binding O -site O -and O -thus O -stabilizing O -the O -low O -affinity O -( O -T O -) O -conformation O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -subunit O -dissociation O -of O -the O -liganded O -Hb O -Providence O -mutants O -appears O -to O -be O -increased O -, O -as O -is O -known O -to O -occur O -for O -Hb O -A O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -high O -salt B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Appearance O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -in O -rat O -liver O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -azide O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulatory O -effect O -of O -NaN2 O -on O -Mn2 O -+ O -- O -and O -Mg2 O -+ O -- O -dependent O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -from O -liver O -or O -cerebral O -cortex O -supernatant O -fractions O -required O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -azide O -- O -activator O -factor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -spinach O -adenylate O -kinase O -is O -completely O -dependent O -upon O -magnesium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -observed O -when O -assays O -were O -carried O -out O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -, O -after O -microsomes O -were O -treated O -wtih O -phospholipase O -C O -, O -or O -at O -pH O -10 O -. O -3 O -and O -after O -microsomes O -were O -subjected O -to O -nitrogen B-Chemical -cavitation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -when O -microsomes O -were O -treated O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -or O -subjected O -to O -nitrogen B-Chemical -cavitation O -, O -approximately O -75 O -% O -of O -the O -inosine O -- O -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphatase O -activity O -was O -released O -from O -the O -membrane O -, O -and O -the O -apparent O -Km O -of O -the O -enzyme O -for O -IDP O -increased O -4 O -- O -and O -2 O -- O -fold O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -microsomes O -were O -treated O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -, O -phospholipase O -C O -, O -or O -at O -alkaline O -pH O -, O -the O -microsomal O -membrane O -became O -almost O -completely O -permeable O -to O -EDTA O -under O -conditions O -where O -there O -was O -little O -or O -no O -increase O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -inosine O -- O -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -intermediate O -concentrations O -of O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -( O -approximately O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -M O -) O -are O -preincubated O -with O -beta O -subunits O -, O -a O -slow O -first O -order O -time O -course O -is O -observed O -and O -exhibits O -a O -half O -- O -time O -of O -about O -8 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Eventually O -at O -about O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -M O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphospate O -, O -the O -time O -course O -becomes O -almost O -identical O -to O -that O -observed O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -phosphates O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -quantitative O -analysis O -of O -these O -results O -showed O -that O -the O -affinity O -of O -beta O -monomers O -for O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -is O -the O -same O -as O -that O -of O -alphabeta O -dimers O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -Triton O -- O -solubilized O -transpeptidase O -is O -soluble O -only O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -detergents O -and O -was O -purifed O -300 O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatocytes O -maintained O -in O -minimal O -essential O -medium O -reduced O -the O -levels O -of O -all O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -medium O -except O -the O -slowly O -catabolized O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -leucine B-Chemical -, O -isoleucine O -, O -and O -valine O -, O -which O -steadily O -increase O -as O -the O -result O -of O -catabolism O -of O -liver O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -from O -normal O -animals O -show O -preinduction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -amino B-Chemical -transferase O -( O -TAT O -) O -, O -having O -at O -the O -time O -of O -isolation O -a O -high O -level O -of O -enzyme O -which O -shows O -only O -an O -increase O -of O -approximately O -60 O -% O -upon O -incubation O -with O -cortisol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -delay O -of O -several O -hours O -, O -cortisol B-Chemical -increases O -fibrinogen O -synthesis O -sharply O -, O -so O -that O -at O -the O -end O -of O -the O -20 O -- O -h O -incubation O -, O -cells O -treated O -with O -hormone O -have O -secreted O -nearly O -2 O -. O -5 O -times O -as O -much O -fibrinogen O -as O -control O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combination O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -strongly O -depresses O -albumin O -synthesis O -in O -both O -types O -of O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acidic O -herbicides O -benazolin O -, O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -D O -, O -and O -2 O -, O -4 O -, O -5 O -- O -T O -, O -together O -with O -the O -acids O -derived O -from O -benzoylprop O -- O -ethyl O -, O -dichlorfop O -- O -methyl O -, O -flufenprop O -- O -isopropyl O -, O -and O -flufenprop O -- O -methyl O -were O -reproducibly O -recovered O -from O -the O -three O -prairie O -soils O -fortified O -at O -0 O -. O -5 O -and O -0 O -. O -1 O -ppm O -levels O -using O -30 O -% O -aqueous O -acetonitrile O -containing O -1 O -% O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -after O -identical O -clean O -- O -up O -stages O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -reversed O -- O -phase O -high O -- O -pressure O -liquid O -chromatographic O -method O -has O -been O -developed O -for O -the O -simultaneous O -analysis O -of O -the O -acidic O -and O -neutral O -cannabinoids O -in O -cannabis B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -now O -seems O -that O -, O -at O -least O -for O -inhibitory O -central O -pathways O -in O -which O -cyclic O -AMP O -- O -generating O -systems O -mediate O -postsynaptic O -receptor O -- O -responses O -, O -alterations O -in O -synaptic O -input O -lead B-Chemical -in O -rat O -cortex O -to O -predictable O -super O -- O -or O -subsensitivity O -of O -the O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -cyclic O -AMP O -- O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reason O -that O -supersensitivity O -does O -not O -develop O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -guinea O -pig O -cortex O -after O -similar O -" O -denervations O -" O -is O -not O -known O -, O -but O -is O -central O -to O -an O -understanding O -of O -the O -factors O -involved O -in O -the O -role O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -- O -mechanisms O -to O -the O -adaptive O -plasticity O -of O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -a O -variety O -of O -purine B-Chemical -and O -pyrimidine O -nucleotides O -were O -tested O -for O -their O -capacity O -to O -inhibit O -mammalian O -soluble O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -corresponding O -cytosine B-Chemical -and O -thymine O -nucleotides O -showed O -little O -or O -no O -inhibitory O -activity O -, O -except O -for O -thymidine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -tetraphosphate O -, O -which O -inhibited O -glanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -but O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -than O -did O -the O -purine B-Chemical -nucleoside B-Chemical -tetraphosphates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -experimental O -data O -suggest O -that O -purine B-Chemical -nucleoside B-Chemical -tetraphosphates O -, O -and O -perhaps O -other O -purine B-Chemical -nucleotides O -, O -may O -play O -a O -biologic O -role O -in O -modulating O -mammalian O -soluble O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactate B-Chemical -formation O -at O -various O -ph O -levels O -by O -the O -wild O -strain O -of O -Streptococcus O -mutans O -Pk O -1 O -, O -its O -variant O -, O -and O -S O -sanguis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -systemic O -use O -of O -procaine B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -the O -elderly O -: O -a O -review O -. O - -aps B-category -Except O -for O -a O -possible O -antidepressant B-Chemical -effect O -, O -there O -is O -no O -convincing O -evidence O -that O -procaine B-Chemical -( O -or O -Gerovital O -, O -of O -which O -procaine B-Chemical -is O -the O -major O -component O -) O -has O -any O -value O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -disease O -in O -older O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Heating O -epidermal O -transglutaminase O -( O -56 O -degrees O -C O -, O -15 O -min O -) O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -increased O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -up O -to O -10 O -times O -baseline O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Levels O -of O -antibody O -to O -S O -. O -pneumoniae O -in O -serum O -were O -measured O -by O -radioimmunoassay O -; O -mean O -values O -were O -6 O -. O -1 O -ng O -of O -pneumococcal O -antibody O -nitrogen B-Chemical -/ O -ml O -in O -28 O -uninfected O -control O -animals O -and O -16 O -. O -5 O -ng O -of O -antibody O -nitrogen B-Chemical -/ O -ml O -in O -29 O -animals O -sacrificed O -two O -weeks O -after O -inoculation O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -025 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -binding O -to O -transcobalamin O -II O -at O -low O -pH O -: O -basis O -of O -a O -procedure O -for O -quantitation O -of O -circulating O -TC O -II O -and O -R O -binders O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -phenomenon O -was O -found O -to O -be O -attributable O -to O -the O -absence O -of O -transcobalamin O -II O -( O -TC O -II O -) O -- O -associated O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -from O -serum O -labeled O -at O -low O -pH O -, O -as O -demonstrated O -by O -gel O -chromatography O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -labeled O -at O -acid O -pH O -failed O -to O -deliver O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -to O -Hela O -cells O -indicating O -absence O -of O -a O -" O -functional O -" O -TC O -II O -- O -B12 O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -content O -of O -unsaturated O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -protein O -was O -compared O -in O -75 O -paired O -samples O -of O -serum O -and O -plasma O -collected O -from O -EDTA O -- O -anticoagulated O -blood O -containing O -sodium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -to O -inhibit O -release O -of O -granulocyte O -binders O -. O - -aps B-category -Acclimation O -of O -rainbow O -trout O -to O -5 O -, O -15 O -and O -22 O -degrees O -C O -for O -periods O -exceeding O -4 O -months O -had O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -whole O -blood O -or O -on O -the O -concentration O -of O -ATP O -, O -which O -is O -the O -main O -organic O -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -red O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -involvement O -of O -monoamines B-Chemical -in O -the O -release O -of O -adipokinetic O -hormone O -in O -the O -locust O -Schistocerca O -gregaria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -participation O -of O -monoamines B-Chemical -in O -the O -pathway O -of O -release O -of O -adipokinetic O -hormone O -is O -studied O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Larval O -blood O -has O -a O -far O -higher O -affinity O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -than O -that O -of O -adults O -, O -the O -respective O -calculated O -P50 O -' O -s O -at O -a O -pH O -of O -7 O -- O -75 O -being O -1 O -- O -9 O -and O -10 O -- O -7 O -mmHg O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -SAS O -was O -partially O -purified O -from O -the O -jelly O -coat O -of O -Pseudocentrotus O -eggs O -through O -several O -steps O -of O -purification O -by O -procedures O -consisting O -of O -charcoal B-Chemical -adsorption O -, O -ion O -- O -exchange O -chromatography O -on O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -A O -- O -25 O -column O -, O -and O -gel O -- O -filtration O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -15 O -columns O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -' O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -Cyclic O -NADP O -as O -a O -substrate O -for O -2 O -' O -, O -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -cyclic I-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -3 O -' O -- O -phosphohydrolase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -toxic O -effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -glutamate B-Chemical -on O -rat O -retina O -: O -changes O -in O -putative O -transmitters O -and O -their O -corresponding O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Deficiency O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidase O -activity O -in O -chronic O -granulomatous O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -0 O -. O -17 O -mM O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -the O -oxidase O -activity O -was O -not O -measurable O -in O -normal O -resting O -cells O -but O -was O -activated O -by O -phagocytosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Granule O -fractions O -from O -phagocytizing O -normal O -cells O -exhibited O -higher O -than O -granule O -fractions O -from O -resting O -normal O -cells O -at O -all O -levels O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -, O -as O -well O -as O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -was O -studied O -by O -assaying O -the O -activities O -of O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -( O -ChA O -) O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -in O -the O -tumor O -tissues O -and O -the O -culture O -cells O -of O -human O -neuroblastoma O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -material O -was O -found O -to O -be O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -when O -injected O -into O -other O -rats O -in O -which O -carrageenan B-Chemical -pleurisy O -had O -been O -induced O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -copper B-Chemical -in O -preventing O -gastrointestinal O -damage O -by O -acidic O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -damage O -caused O -by O -clopirac O -, O -niflumic O -acid O -and O -aspirin B-Chemical -was O -virtually O -abolished O -when O -they O -were O -given O -as O -copper B-Chemical -complexes O -whereas O -the O -damage O -caused O -by O -indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -ketoprofen B-Chemical -and O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -naproxen I-Chemical -was O -unaltered O -. O - -aps B-category -Methods O -for O -study O -of O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -kinetics O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Unmetabolized O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -was O -selectively O -extracted O -into O -n O -- O -heptane O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluphenazine O -and O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -conjugates O -were O -also O -measured O -in O -the O -urine O -of O -patients O -receiving O -long O -term O -non O -- O -radioactive O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -decanoate O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracellular O -stimulation O -of O -a O -specific O -dopamine B-Chemical -neuron O -produces O -direct O -inhibitory O -postsynaptic O -potentials O -( O -ipsps O -) O -in O -a O -number O -of O -other O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Caffeine B-Chemical -and O -theophylline B-Chemical -also O -potentiated O -the O -inhibitory O -response O -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -applied O -to O -the O -postsynaptic O -neurons O -by O -perfusion O -or O -iontophoresis O -, O -but O -the O -effects O -were O -generally O -much O -smaller O -( O -maximum O -potentiation O -30 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -this O -system O -cannulae O -were O -maintained O -patent O -for O -16 O -weeks O -by O -flushing O -once O -a O -day O -with O -Hanks O -' O -balanced O -salt B-Chemical -solution O -, O -pH O -7 O -- O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Quantimet O -was O -found O -to O -be O -suitable O -for O -particle O -sizing O -salbutamol B-Chemical -used O -in O -preparing O -aerosol O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -three O -cascaded O -instruments O -give O -similar O -results O -which O -in O -the O -Multistage O -Liquid O -Impinger O -also O -resemble O -those O -given O -by O -a O -salbutamol B-Chemical -inhaler O -. O - -aps B-category -Microcapsules O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -, O -with O -a O -wall O -of O -ethyl O -cellulose O -, O -have O -been O -prepared O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -from O -three O -systems O -, O -lactose O -: O -boric O -acid O -, O -lactose O -: O -sulphanilamide O -and O -lactose O -: O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -indicate O -that O -although O -part O -dissolution O -of O -powder O -during O -granulation O -is O -a O -factor O -affecting O -granule O -properties O -, O -in O -some O -systems O -other O -physical O -properties O -of O -the O -second O -component O -may O -become O -dominant O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -on O -carrageenan B-Chemical -pleurisy O -in O -inbred O -strains O -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -trazodone B-Chemical -on O -brain O -dopamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -non O -- O -ionic O -surfactants O -on O -the O -dissolution O -and O -solubility O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Inactivation O -of O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -spores O -by O -heating O -at O -100 O -degrees O -with O -phenylmercuric O -nitrate B-Chemical -or O -acetate O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -oxidation O -products O -of O -2 O -- O -substituted O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -[ O -proceeding O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Stability O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -in O -aqueous O -solution O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -investigation O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -added O -electrolytes O -on O -the O -stability O -of O -dextrose B-Chemical -solutions O -to O -autoclaving O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -between O -amphetamine B-Chemical -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -: O -effects O -on O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -discrete O -areas O -of O -rat O -brain O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Change O -of O -dissolution O -rate O -profile O -of O -salicylamide O -in O -caffeine B-Chemical -complexing O -medium O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Complex O -formation O -and O -other O -physico O -- O -chemical O -interactions O -between O -griseofulvin O -and O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vitro O -uptake O -of O -some O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -steroids B-Chemical -by O -magnesium B-Chemical -trisilicate O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -R O -factor O -elimination O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -by O -hydroxyurea O -and O -cytosine B-Chemical -arabinoside I-Chemical -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -instability O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -during O -the O -U O -. O -S O -. O -P O -. O - -aps B-category -Formulation O -studies O -on O -slow O -- O -release O -phosphate B-Chemical -tablets O -for O -high O -- O -dosage O -administration O -in O -renal O -transplant O -patients O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -, O -codeine B-Chemical -and O -thebaine O -N O -- O -oxides O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Org O -6216 O -: O -a O -novel O -type O -of O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -steroid B-Chemical -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -of O -( O -R O -) O -- O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -4 O -- O -methyl O -- O -2 O -- O -( O -1 O -- O -naphthylmethyl O -) O -imidazoline B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -( O -2 O -) O -and O -( O -S O -) O -- O -( O -- O -) O -- O -4 O -- O -methyl O -- O -2 O -- O -( O -1 O -- O -naphthylmethyl O -) O -imidazoline B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -( O -3 O -) O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -Compounds O -2 O -and O -3 O -also O -produced O -blockade O -of O -the O -response O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -on O -the O -rabbit O -aorta O -, O -but O -at O -concentrations O -approximately O -20 O -times O -higher O -than O -necessary O -to O -produce O -equal O -blockade O -of O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -direct O -chemotactic O -activity O -for O -monocytes O -was O -found O -in O -a O -large O -number O -of O -staphylococcal O -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -Respiratory O -acid O -- O -base O -changes O -and O -myocardial O -contractility O -: O -interaction O -between O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -oxalate O -crystals O -were O -obtained O -from O -urine O -specimens O -submitted O -to O -a O -hospital O -laboratory O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -and O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -on O -the O -evoked O -potentials O -in O -the O -cat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Pentobarbital B-Chemical -selectively O -attenuated O -the O -SGC O -- O -, O -VMH O -- O -and O -AMYG O -- O -HIPP O -evoked O -potentials O -, O -or O -facilitated O -the O -VMH O -- O -AMYG O -and O -the O -SP O -- O -HIPP O -evoked O -potentials O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -of O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -or O -taurocholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -gastric O -lesions O -and O -secretory O -changes O -in O -pylorus O -- O -ligated O -rats O -under O -normal O -or O -stress O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -, O -given O -together O -with O -SAS O -or O -TCA O -, O -significantly O -prevented O -the O -potentiated O -development O -of O -SAS O -- O -or O -TCA O -- O -induced O -gastric O -lesions O -in O -stressed O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymic O -properties O -of O -partially O -purified O -monoamine O -oxidase O -( O -MAO O -) O -from O -human O -placenta O -were O -studied O -with O -tyramine O -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -benzylamine O -as O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -values O -for O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -tyramine O -were O -found O -to O -be O -0 O -. O -21 O -mM O -and O -0 O -. O -23 O -mM O -, O -respectively O -and O -the O -pH O -optimum O -was O -8 O -. O -1 O -with O -either O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -LC O -- O -induced O -inhibition O -of O -orthodromic O -spike O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -by O -intraventricular O -administration O -of O -beta O -- O -blockers O -, O -MJ O -1999 O -( O -5 O -mg O -) O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -) O -, O -while O -the O -SC O -- O -induced O -inhibition O -of O -orthodromic O -one O -was O -not O -modified O -by O -the O -beta O -- O -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -the O -beta O -- O -blockers O -produced O -a O -selective O -antagonism O -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -originating O -in O -LC O -probably O -acts O -as O -an O -inhibitory O -transmitter O -on O -the O -STN O -relay O -neuron O -and O -is O -mediated O -by O -beta O -- O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -atropine B-Chemical -or O -chlorphenylamine O -. O - -aps B-category -adrenaline B-Chemical -was O -converted O -to O -vasodilatation O -and O -that O -caused O -by O -i O -. O -a O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -studies O -on O -triazine O -derivatives O -V O -Sedative O -and O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -actions O -of O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ O -4 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -hydroxyethyl O -) O -- O -piperazin O -- O -1 O -- O -yl O -] O -- O -6 O -- O -trifluoromethyl O -- O -s O -- O -triazine O -( O -TR O -- O -10 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Tr O -- O -10 O -expressed O -in O -general O -the O -pharmacological O -profiles O -as O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -ascertained O -by O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methamphetamine I-Chemical -activity O -, O -supression O -of O -conditioned O -avoidance O -response O -, O -taming O -effects O -, O -decrease O -in O -exploratory O -behavior O -and O -cataleptogenic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Different O -from O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -TR O -- O -10 O -showed O -a O -similar O -pharmacological O -activity O -pattern O -in O -the O -intraperitoneal O -and O -oral O -routes O -of O -administration O -as O -depicted O -from O -ED50 O -/ O -LD50 O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypothermic O -action O -, O -potentiating O -effects O -of O -hypnotics O -and O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -action O -, O -characteristic O -to O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -were O -very O -weak O -for O -TR O -- O -10 O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -narcotic O -analgesics O -on O -serotonin B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -brain O -of O -rats O -and O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -morphine B-Chemical -accelerates O -the O -release O -of O -brain O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -both O -in O -rats O -and O -mice O -, O -and O -that O -neither O -methadone B-Chemical -nor O -pethidine B-Chemical -alters O -the O -brain O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -levels O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -- O -decreasing O -effects O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -or O -pethidine B-Chemical -, O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -are O -mediated O -by O -mechanisms O -different O -from O -those O -which O -mediate O -the O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -From O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -for O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -obtained O -in O -strips O -of O -rat O -aorta O -before O -and O -after O -incubation O -with O -each O -of O -the O -three O -blocking O -agents O -, O -the O -fractions O -of O -receptors O -remaining O -active O -for O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -respectively O -, O -were O -estimated O -. O - -aps B-category -Dibenamine O -blocked O -the O -receptors O -to O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -almost O -equally O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -structure O -of O -DA O -- O -VIII O -- O -MBr O -is O -an O -analog O -of O -apogalanthamine O -and O -its O -nitrogen B-Chemical -atom O -bears O -the O -2 O -- O -halogenoethylamine O -group O -in O -part O -of O -an O -eight O -membered O -ring O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Cyclic O -AMP O -and O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -in O -renal O -vein O -blood O -after O -amitryptiline O -, O -theophylline B-Chemical -, O -furosemide B-Chemical -and O -beta O -adrenergic O -blocking O -substances O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Additionally O -, O -the O -stimulating O -effect O -of O -furosemide B-Chemical -on O -the O -PRA O -after O -application O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -antagonists O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -practolol O -and O -the O -cyclic O -AMP O -concentration O -in O -the O -plasma O -were O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -theophylline B-Chemical -cyclic O -- O -AMP O -concentration O -increased O -about O -1 O -. O -2 O -- O -fold O -, O -PRA O -2 O -. O -0 O -- O -fold O -coa O -increased O -within O -7 O -min O -and O -no O -further O -increase O -was O -observed O -till O -the O -15th O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -propranolol B-Chemical -cyclic O -- O -AMP O -concentration O -and O -PRA O -decreased O -about O -20 O -% O -compared O -with O -the O -basal O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -practolol O -on O -the O -basal O -value O -of O -PRA O -and O -cyclic O -- O -AMP O -is O -equal O -. O - -aps B-category -Thermodynamic O -parameters O -for O -the O -intramolecular O -disordered O -- O -to O -- O -beta O -transition O -of O -poly O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -) O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -neurological O -symptoms O -, O -without O -neuro O -- O -radiological O -contrast B-Chemical -examinations O -, O -in O -presence O -of O -negative O -skull O -osteogram O -, O -on O -the O -day O -of O -the O -injury O -suboccipital O -craniectomy O -and O -removal O -of O -the O -subdural O -haematoma O -have O -been O -performed O -. O - -aps B-category -Principally O -, O -TH O -was O -present O -in O -neuron O -systems O -with O -a O -distribution O -similar O -to O -known O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adrenaline B-Chemical -neurons O -also O -appeared O -strongly O -fluorescent O -, O -except O -for O -their O -axons O -, O -which O -only O -exhibited O -a O -weak O -fluorescence O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fine O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -nerve O -terminals O -in O -some O -areas O -, O -such O -as O -the O -thalamus O -, O -were O -invisible O -or O -, O -under O -favourable O -conditions O -, O -weakly O -fluorescent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -different O -mesencephalic O -dopamine B-Chemical -systems O -and O -their O -ascending O -projections O -were O -visualized O -. O - -aps B-category -Cretinism O -: O -influence O -on O -rate O -- O -limiting O -enzymes O -of O -amine B-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -lysosomal O -factor O -that O -interconverts O -multiple O -forms O -of O -rat O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -catechol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Q I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltransferase I-Chemical -from O -rat O -brain O -, O -erythrocytes O -and O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Production O -of O -glucoamylase O -and O -glycosyltransferase O -by O -Endomyces O -fibuliger O -was O -found O -to O -depend O -on O -sources O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -nutrition O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -of O -glucoamylase O -was O -repressed O -by O -lactose O -, O -sorbose O -and O -galactose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -H O -+ O -, O -OH O -- O -, O -Cu2 O -+ O -and O -Ag O -+ O -on O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -Candida O -utilis O -cells O -in O -chemostat O -culture O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -specific O -differences O -have O -been O -found O -in O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -the O -yeast O -depending O -on O -the O -nature O -of O -the O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -Bacterial O -cultures O -under O -study O -synthesize O -exocellular O -chitinase O -on O -a O -medium O -containing O -chitin O -or O -demineralized O -crab O -shells O -as O -a O -source O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -inhibited O -by O -a O -decrease O -in O -temperature O -to O -22 O -- O -24 O -degree O -C O -, O -a O -surplass O -( O -1 O -. O -07 O -g O -O2 O -per O -litre O -per O -hour O -) O -or O -insufficient O -( O -0 O -. O -18 O -g O -O2 O -per O -litre O -per O -hour O -) O -content O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -in O -the O -medium O -, O -and O -by O -addition O -of O -animal O -( O -sperm O -- O -whale O -) O -fat O -as O -a O -froth O -breaker O -to O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Activation O -of O -lymphoid O -elements O -by O -interferon B-Chemical -in O -the O -" O -graft O -vs O -host O -" O -reaction O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopaminergic O -neurons O -: O -effects O -of O -electrical O -stimulation O -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Delays O -in O -the O -handling O -for O -removal O -of O -the O -medium O -, O -as O -is O -usual O -in O -the O -process O -of O -obtaining O -a O -number O -of O -data O -reported O -in O -the O -literature O -, O -lead B-Chemical -to O -important O -changes O -in O -some O -of O -the O -metabolites O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protease O -was O -purified O -by O -salt B-Chemical -fractionation O -, O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -ion O -exchange O -chromatography O -and O -gel O -filtration O -chromatography O -on O -Agarose O -P O -- O -100 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -rheumatoid O -iridocyclitis O -as O -found O -in O -22 O -% O -of O -the O -cases O -causes O -unfavourable O -complications O -because O -symptoms O -are O -not O -noticed O -in O -time O -so O -that O -treatment O -is O -often O -too O -late O -. O - -aps B-category -Environmental O -chemicals O -including O -pesticides O -carrying O -secondary O -and O -tertiary O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -are O -suggested O -to O -be O -a O -health O -hazard O -to O -man O -since O -potentially O -carcinogenic O -nitroso O -compounds O -may O -be O -formed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -nitrite B-Chemical -at O -low O -pH O -values O -resembling O -conditions O -in O -the O -human O -stomach O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -add O -to O -the O -observations O -that O -among O -environmental O -chemicals O -not O -only O -those O -containing O -methyl O -- O -or O -ethyl O -- O -substituted O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -form O -potentially O -carcinogenic O -nitroso O -derivatives O -but O -also O -those O -with O -iso O -- O -propylamino O -groups O -as O -well O -as O -alkyl O -- O -substituted O -guanidine O -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -with O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -at O -central O -dopamine B-Chemical -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -effect O -was O -obtained O -with O -the O -inhibitor O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -transaminase O -, O -aminooxyacetic O -acid O -( O -AOAA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -the O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -used O -and O -AOAA O -potentiated O -the O -cataleptic O -effect O -of O -the O -four O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -consequence O -, O -the O -feedback O -activation O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -neurons O -induced O -by O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -blockade O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -striatum O -and O -the O -limbic O -system O -is O -attenuated O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -with O -quipazine B-Chemical -, O -a O -serotoninergic O -and O -dopaminergic O -stimulant O -. O - -aps B-category -amphetamine B-Chemical -, O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -, O -nomifensine B-Chemical -and O -apomorphine B-Chemical -had O -a O -significant O -but O -lesser O -effect O -than O -TRH O -or O -quipazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -, O -nor O -p O -- O -chlorophenylalanine O -inhibited O -the O -activity O -of O -TRH O -or O -quipazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -quipazine B-Chemical -exerts O -its O -effect O -by O -direct O -stimulation O -of O -serotoninergic O -and O -dopaminergic O -receptors O -, O -whereas O -TRH O -receptors O -may O -represent O -separate O -entities O -and O -TRH O -may O -function O -as O -a O -neurotransmitter O -or O -neuromodulator O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -oxidative O -profiles O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -I O -) O -were O -obtained O -by O -aromatic O -C O -- O -4 O -' O -- O -hydroxylation O -, O -N O -- O -1 O -- O -demethylation O -, O -and O -3 O -- O -hydroxylation O -using O -a O -supernatant O -of O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Metyrapone O -inhibition O -was O -more O -pronounced O -following O -than O -prior O -to O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenobarbital B-Chemical -treatment O -and O -metyrapone O -change O -the O -metabolic O -profile O -via O -induction O -and O -inhibition O -, O -respectively O -, O -and O -, O -thus O -, O -in O -the O -case O -of O -1 O -, O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepines I-Chemical -, O -the O -formation O -of O -metabolites O -with O -varying O -pharmacological O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrophysiological O -and O -mechanical O -effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -were O -observed O -in O -guinea O -- O -pig O -papillary O -muscle O -which O -had O -been O -depolarized O -and O -rendered O -inexcitable O -by O -elevation O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -Tyrode O -solution O -to O -27 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -Nifedipine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -) O -abolished O -the O -electrical O -and O -mechanical O -responses O -which O -had O -been O -restored O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -but O -TTX O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -did O -not O -affect O -them O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -rate O -of O -rise O -and O -the O -amplitude O -of O -the O -action O -potential O -restored O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -decreased O -with O -increase O -in O -stimulus O -frequency O -from O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -1 O -. O -6 O -Hz O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -electrical O -and O -mechanical O -responses O -restored O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -or O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -were O -depressed O -by O -metiamide O -( O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -) O -but O -not O -by O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -or O -bufetolol O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -histamine B-Chemical -may O -enhance O -the O -slow O -inward O -Ca2 O -+ O -current O -mediated O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptors O -and O -the O -adenylate O -cyclase O -system O -in O -ventricular O -muscle O -and O -that O -the O -positive O -inotropic O -action O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -may O -be O -attributed O -to O -these O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Superfusion O -of O -the O -anterior O -hypothalamus O -with O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -blocking O -drugs O -tolazoline O -, O -piperoxan O -, O -yohimbine B-Chemical -or O -phentolamine B-Chemical -caused O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -inhibition O -of O -the O -depressor O -response O -to O -hypothalamic O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -studies O -demonstrate O -that O -administration O -of O -gamma O -- O -butyrolactone O -, O -a O -precursor O -of O -gamma O -- O -hydroxybutyric O -acid O -causes O -a O -rapid O -increase O -in O -endogenous O -levels O -of O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -an O -increase O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -measured O -by O -following O -the O -short O -term O -accumulation O -of O -dihydroxyphenylalanine O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -dopamine B-Chemical -is O -allowed O -to O -accumulate O -for O -30 O -min O -following O -administration O -of O -GBL O -this O -increased O -dopamine B-Chemical -can O -be O -released O -by O -stimulation O -of O -the O -nigro O -- O -neostriatal O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -increased O -dopamine B-Chemical -is O -present O -in O -a O -pool O -which O -is O -releasable O -by O -neuronal O -stimulation O -and O -is O -subsequently O -exposed O -to O -MAO O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rat O -and O -guinea O -- O -pig O -auricles O -as O -well O -as O -in O -Langendorff O -hearts O -of O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -the O -extent O -and O -rate O -of O -the O -positive O -inotropic O -effect O -induced O -by O -toxin O -II O -depended O -on O -the O -extracellular O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -( O -0 O -. O -45 O -to O -2 O -. O -7 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Benzodiazepine O -- O -induced O -modifications O -of O -dream O -content O -: O -the O -effect O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -By O -comparison O -with O -placebo O -condition O -, O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -induced O -more O -unpleasantness O -, O -more O -verbal O -aggressivity O -, O -more O -physical O -aggressivity O -, O -and O -more O -sexuality O -in O -dreams O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -levels O -did O -not O -correlate O -with O -sex O -, O -age O -, O -or O -method O -of O -abortion O -; O -however O -, O -they O -were O -5 O -times O -higher O -in O -the O -two O -fetuses O -which O -survived O -for O -more O -than O -1 O -. O -5 O -hr O -after O -delivery O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylalanine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -is O -known O -to O -appear O -in O -rat O -liver O -on O -the O -20th O -to O -21st O -day O -of O -gestation O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -, O -that O -parathyroid O -hormone O -and O -cyclic O -AMP O -produce O -urinary O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -excretion O -by O -a O -mechanism O -independent O -of O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Some O -problems O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -pathology O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -develop O -a O -better O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -radioligand O -, O -[ O -3H O -[ O -apomorphine B-Chemical -was O -prepared O -and O -tested O -for O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -binding O -properties O -in O -both O -calf O -and O -human O -brain O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -binding O -was O -saturable O -, O -the O -number O -of O -sites O -being O -double O -that O -of O -specific O -[ O -3H O -] O -dopamine B-Chemical -binding O -, O -and O -occurred O -primarily O -in O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -rich I-Chemical -regions O -of O -postmortem O -human O -brains O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -there O -was O -little O -desorption O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -apomorphine B-Chemical -, O -the O -ligand O -permits O -extensive O -washing O -during O -routine O -assays O -for O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -, O -and O -facilitates O -biochemical O -purification O -of O -the O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyruvate O -, O -phosphate B-Chemical -dikinase O -( O -EC O -2 O -- O -7 O -- O -9 O -- O -1 O -) O -catalyzes O -formation O -of O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -, O -AMP O -, O -and O -inorganic O -pyrophosphate O -from O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -ATP O -, O -and O -orthophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heart O -showed O -the O -characteristic O -spectrum O -of O -sugar O -phosphates O -, O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -phosphocreatine O -, O -and O -magniesium O -phates O -, O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -phosphocreatine O -, O -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -ATP O -, O -characteristics O -of O -the O -energizing O -state O -of O -the O -nonbeating O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -histamine B-Chemical -, O -inhibited O -crosslinking O -when O -the O -cells O -were O -incubated O -with O -Ca2 O -+ O -and O -ionophore O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -of O -L O -- O -proline O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -by O -rat O -renal O -brushborder O -membrane O -vesicles O -was O -seen O -to O -be O -osmotically O -sensitive O -, O -pH O -dependent O -, O -and O -occurred O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -proline O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -proline O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -interactions O -indicate O -a O -shared O -site O -which O -has O -a O -lower O -affinity O -and O -higher O -capacity O -for O -glycine B-Chemical -than O -for O -proline O -. O - -aps B-category -Discriminative O -stimulus O -properties O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -and O -morphine B-Chemical -: O -tolerance O -and O -dependence O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -different O -time O -intervals O -after O -the O -establishment O -of O -discriminative O -responding O -, O -stimulus O -generalization O -experiments O -were O -performed O -with O -equivalent O -dose O -ranges O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -0025 O -to O -0 O -. O -02 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -to O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Increases O -in O -plasma O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -were O -found O -in O -a O -group O -of O -12 O -subjects O -smoking B-Chemical -cigarettes O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -inhibition O -of O -the O -peripheral O -effects O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -did O -not O -affect O -subjective O -satisfaction O -, O -indicating O -that O -central O -effects O -or O -other O -rewards O -are O -more O -important O -reinforcers O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -neurotransmitters O -are O -synthesized O -in O -the O -brain O -from O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -precursors O -that O -have O -to O -be O -obtained O -from O -the O -circulating O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -too O -little O -neurotransmitter O -will O -be O -formed O -if O -competition O -between O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -for O -the O -carriers O -transporting O -them O -into O -the O -cerebral O -cells O -causes O -the O -exclusion O -of O -a O -large O -proportion O -of O -any O -of O -the O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -precursors O -from O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -these O -, O -L O -- O -phenylalanine O -inhibits O -the O -transport O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -into O -the O -brain O -most O -effectively O -, O -while O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -general O -exclude O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -more O -effectively O -than O -do O -other O -neutral O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -chlordiazepoxide O -, O -ripazepam O -and O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -on O -conditioned O -acceleration O -of O -timing O -behaviour O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Baseline O -response O -rates O -were O -also O -increased O -by O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -25 O -, O -0 O -. O -5 O -, O -1 O -. O -0 O -and O -2 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -at O -the O -higher O -doses O -this O -drug O -completely O -abolished O -the O -accelerated O -responding O -during O -the O -preshock O -stimulus O -. O - -aps B-category -Head O -twitches O -induced O -by O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -and O -the O -role O -of O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -of O -the O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -such O -as O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -, O -fludiazepam O -, O -and O -nimetazepam O -also O -significantly O -induced O -head O -twitches O -at O -doses O -higher O -than O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -but O -other O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -like O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -flurazepam B-Chemical -, O -oxazepam B-Chemical -, O -medazepam O -, O -and O -chlordiazepoxide O -did O -not O -significantly O -induce O -head O -twitches O -at O -doses O -up O -to O -60 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Clonazepam B-Chemical -also O -increased O -the O -head O -twitches O -induced O -by O -mescaline O -, O -a O -serotonin B-Chemical -receptor O -stimulant O -. O - -aps B-category -Action O -of O -enpiprazole O -on O -emotional O -behavior O -elicited O -by O -hypothalamic O -stimulation O -in O -rats O -and O -cats O -was O -investigated O -and O -comparisons O -were O -made O -with O -effects O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -consistently O -elevated O -thresholds O -. O - -aps B-category -Single O -and O -repeated O -administration O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -to O -rats O -: O -effects O -on O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -and O -locomotor O -activity O -produced O -by O -tranylcypromine B-Chemical -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -or O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Dopa I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -locomotor O -activity O -of O -a O -different O -type O -is O -elicited O -by O -injection O -of O -tranylcypromine B-Chemical -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -, O -a O -procedure O -which O -increased O -dopaminergic O -function O -in O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -produced O -by O -these O -drugs O -on O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hyperactivity O -is O -probably O -because O -a O -dopaminergic O -system O -is O -involved O -in O -the O -behavioural O -expression O -of O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -induced O -hyperactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -ineffective O -were O -the O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -pimozide O -and O -clozapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -treated O -for O -4 O -or O -more O -days O -with O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -alpha O -- O -flupenthixol O -, O -spiroperidol O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -subsequently O -showed O -enhanced O -locomotor O -activity O -in O -response O -to O -tranylcypromine B-Chemical -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Dopa I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rats O -displaying O -enhanced O -behavioural O -responses O -no O -evidence O -was O -found O -for O -enhanced O -sensitivity O -of O -striatal O -adenylate O -cyclase O -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -a O -new O -potential O -antianxiety O -agent O -, O -increased O -brain O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -turnover O -in O -rats O -, O -reflecting O -a O -possible O -central O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -blocking O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -both O -drugs O -on O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -indicate O -a O -decrease O -in O -turnover O -with O -no O -significant O -monoamine O -oxidase O -activity O -or O -blockade O -of O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -reuptake O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -drug O -caused O -consistent O -changes O -in O -endogenous O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -or O -tryptophan B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -kinins O -on O -the O -level O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -on O -their O -metabolites O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -normetanephrine B-Chemical -, O -homovanillic O -acid O -, O -and O -5 O -- O -hydroxyindoloacetic O -acid O -in O -the O -brain O -tissue O -divided O -into O -cerebellum O -, O -corpus O -striatum O -, O -cortex O -, O -hippocampus O -, O -hypothalamus O -, O -medulla O -oblongata O -, O -and O -midbrain O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -also O -decreased O -the O -level O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -corpus O -striatum O -but O -increased O -the O -level O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -in O -corpus O -striatum O -and O -midbrain O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -also O -shown O -that O -bradykinin B-Chemical -increased O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -the O -blood O -platelets O -when O -its O -level O -in O -the O -platelets O -was O -low O -, O -and O -released O -the O -absorbed O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -into O -the O -medium O -when O -the O -level O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -was O -higher O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chemical O -structure O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -X O -( O -prostacyclin B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stable O -compound O -formed O -when O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -X O -undergoes O -a O -chemical O -transformation O -in O -biological O -systems O -in O -6 O -- O -keto O -- O -PGF1alpha O -. O - -aps B-category -Biosynthesis O -of O -thromboxane B-Chemical -B2 I-Chemical -: O -assay O -, O -isolation O -, O -and O -properties O -of O -the O -enzyme O -system O -in O -human O -platelets O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymatic O -activity O -was O -dependent O -upon O -methemoglobin O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -as O -cofactors O -. O - -aps B-category -Methemoglobin O -could O -be O -replaced O -by O -hematin O -or O -hemin O -; O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -by O -3 O -- O -indolacetic O -acid O -or O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Certain O -transition O -metals O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -donors O -, O -such O -as O -hydroquinone B-Chemical -and O -ascorbate O -, O -which O -have O -been O -shown O -to O -stimulate O -the O -catalytic O -activity O -of O -ferriproroporphyrin O -IX O -in O -the O -decomposition O -of O -15 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroperoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -prostaglandin I-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -are O -inhibitors O -of O -thromboxane B-Chemical -B2 I-Chemical -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intestine O -is O -sensitive O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -from O -10 O -( O -- O -10 O -) O -g O -/ O -ml O -, O -which O -stimulates O -its O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -concentrations O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -tend O -to O -increase O -the O -amplitude O -, O -whereas O -concentrations O -from O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -g O -/ O -ml O -onward O -produce O -a O -cease O -of O -motility O -in O -relaxation O -. O - -aps B-category -Antagonism O -by O -naloxone B-Chemical -of O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -single O -- O -dose O -dependence O -and O -antinociception O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -same O -dose O -range O -, O -naloxone B-Chemical -also O -antagonized O -the O -antinociceptive O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -the O -mouse O -writhing O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -naloxone B-Chemical -does O -indeed O -block O -the O -development O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -single O -- O -dose O -physical O -dependence O -in O -mice O -and O -that O -it O -does O -so O -as O -effectively O -as O -it O -blocks O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -writhing O -. O - -aps B-category -Repeated O -exposure O -of O -rats O -to O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -releasing O -hormone O -produced O -a O -dose O -- O -and O -time O -- O -dependent O -increase O -in O -spontaneous O -locomotor O -activity O -accompanied O -by O -an O -increase O -in O -brain O -stem O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentrations O -of O -brain O -stem O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -cerebral O -cortex O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -remained O -unaltered O -in O -response O -to O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -releasing O -hormone O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -assessment O -of O -cryptorchid O -boys O -by O -determination O -of O -urinary O -testosterone B-Chemical -glucuronide O -following O -large O -doses O -of O -human O -chorionic O -gonadotropin O -( O -hCG O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -for O -enzymatic O -determination O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -in O -serum O -and O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -pH O -, O -zinc B-Chemical -, O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -on O -the O -reaction O -velocity O -is O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimal O -concentration O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -ions O -in O -the O -reaction O -mixture O -is O -found O -to O -depend O -on O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -Transferrin O -and O -iron B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -isolated O -rat O -liver O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -energy O -- O -dependent O -accumulation O -, O -which O -is O -inhibited O -by O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -and O -sulphydryl O -reagents O -, O -reaches O -a O -saturation O -level O -of O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -energy O -- O -independent O -accumulation O -of O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -transferrin I-Chemical -reveals O -no O -saturation O -kinetics O -, O -it O -is O -inhibited O -neither O -by O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -nor O -by O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -, O -and O -it O -proceeds O -linearly O -for O -at O -least O -90 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -pH O -, O -temperature O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -and O -storage O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -erythrocytes O -, O -which O -were O -from O -healthy O -subjects O -, O -were O -suspended O -either O -in O -autologous O -plasma O -or O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -Determinations O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -consumption O -were O -made O -in O -parallel O -with O -most O -of O -the O -calorimetric O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparative O -study O -on O -the O -effect O -of O -a O -buffered O -( O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -) O -and O -an O -unbuffered O -( O -pH O -2 O -. O -9 O -) O -solution O -of O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -ASA O -) O -on O -gastric O -pH O -, O -gastric O -emptying O -, O -and O -gastric O -absorption O -of O -ASA O -was O -performed O -in O -10 O -healthy O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -Elevated O -urinary O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -their O -metabolites O -are O -the O -only O -findings O -which O -confirm O -the O -presence O -of O -pheochromocytoma O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -in O -other O -published O -cases O -of O -ileus O -associated O -with O -pheochromocytoma O -, O -high O -urinary O -catecholamine B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -found O -in O -our O -patient O -and O -the O -tumor O -resected O -at O -surgery O -was O -large O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -mechanisms O -by O -which O -phlebography O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -adrenergic O -crisis O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -drugs O -have O -been O -found O -to O -be O -effective O -antihypertensive O -agents O -of O -similar O -efficacy O -to O -sympathetic O -inhibitory O -drugs O -and O -methyldopa B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lactate B-Chemical -release O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -extraction O -were O -significantly O -different O -from O -control O -values O -of O -patients O -with O -rest O -pain O -or O -with O -ischemic O -gangrene O -, O -while O -values O -in O -patients O -with O -claudication O -were O -comparable O -with O -those O -in O -the O -control O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -step O -in O -the O -phagocytic O -process O -is O -also O -a O -potential O -crack B-Chemical -in O -the O -armor O -of O -host O -defense O -, O -and O -an O -increasing O -number O -of O -clinically O -significant O -disorders O -of O -phagocytic O -function O -are O -being O -recognized O -and O -described O -( O -5 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Surface O -charge O -is O -difficult O -to O -define O -but O -the O -present O -studies O -on O -the O -sparingly O -- O -soluble O -salts O -, O -based O -on O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -barium B-Chemical -, O -have O -revealed O -that O -they O -can O -be O -subdivided O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -a O -charge O -reversal O -point O -in O -the O -pH O -- O -mobility O -curve O -. O - -aps B-category -Differences O -in O -both O -the O -physical O -appearance O -and O -electrophoretic O -mobility O -of O -the O -adsorbents O -studied O -reflect O -the O -wide O -variation O -in O -their O -chemical O -composition O -, O -especially O -among O -the O -various O -forms O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -which O -, O -unlike O -barium B-Chemical -sulphate O -, O -can O -include O -substituted O -ions O -such O -as O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -, O -in O -their O -crystal O -lattice O -. O - -aps B-category -ADP O -- O -induced O -platelet O -aggregation O -and O -shape O -change O -were O -monitored O -optically O -in O -citrated O -rabbit O -platelet O -- O -rich O -plasma O -( O -PRP O -) O -diluted O -with O -isotonic O -salt B-Chemical -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -Li O -also O -was O -observed O -in O -heparinized O -PRP O -or O -when O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -was O -used O -as O -the O -aggregation O -- O -inducing O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Added O -calcium B-Chemical -also O -displayed O -competitive O -antagonism O -toward O -the O -aggregation O -inhibiting O -effect O -of O -increased O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -in O -the O -pH O -range O -between O -6 O -and O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -first O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -on O -ADP O -- O -induced O -rabbit O -platelet O -aggregation O -was O -studied O -because O -adrenaline B-Chemical -alone O -induces O -little O -or O -no O -aggregation O -of O -rabbit O -platelets O -. O - -aps B-category -Bupranolol O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -( O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ADP I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -) O -induced O -aggregation O -of O -rabbit O -platelets O -, O -bupranolol O -being O -approximately O -2 O -. O -4 O -- O -3 O -. O -2 O -times O -as O -effective O -as O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Platelet O -adhesion O -in O -rabbit O -was O -also O -inhibited O -by O -the O -beta O -- O -blockers O -and O -bupranolol O -was O -more O -active O -than O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Bovine O -platelets O -were O -transferred O -by O -Sepharose O -2B O -gel O -filtration O -from O -citrate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -PRP I-Chemical -into O -citrate B-Chemical -free O -buffer O -( O -buffer O -- O -GFP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -either O -calcium B-Chemical -or O -magnesium B-Chemical -alone O -, O -increasing O -response O -is O -proportional O -to O -a O -rate O -coefficient O -and O -, O -through O -an O -apparent O -ion O -- O -platelet O -association O -constant O -, O -to O -the O -fraction O -of O -platelet O -critical O -sites O -bound O -to O -cation O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -citrate B-Chemical -present O -in O -buffer O -- O -GFP O -, O -apparent O -association O -constants O -increase O -, O -excess O -magnesium B-Chemical -inhibition O -is O -present O -, O -but O -systems O -are O -path O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -Citrate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -PRP I-Chemical -resembles O -buffer O -- O -GFP O -: O -response O -is O -sensitive O -to O -the O -selective O -removal O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -excess O -magnesium B-Chemical -inhibition O -is O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -novel O -polyhydroxylated O -sterol B-Chemical -from O -the O -soft O -coral O -Litophyton O -viridis O -( O -Coelenterata O -, O -Octocorallia O -, O -Alcyonacea O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -20 O -factors O -were O -analysed O -at O -45 O -breeding O -sites O -: O -water O -temperature O -, O -current O -velocity O -, O -pH O -value O -, O -conductivity O -free O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -content O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -alkalinity O -, O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -sulphate O -, O -nitrite B-Chemical -, O -nitrate B-Chemical -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -, O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -silicate O -, O -total O -iron B-Chemical -and O -organic O -substance O -( O -consumption O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -permanganate O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -total O -values O -were O -determined O -for O -the O -activity O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -, O -and O -dehydrogenase O -with O -pyruvate B-Chemical -in O -broilers O -fed O -a O -diet O -with O -a O -0 O -, O -2 O -and O -4 O -% O -content O -of O -urea B-Chemical -for O -three O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -of O -the O -activity O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -liver O -was O -close O -to O -the O -threshold O -of O -statistical O -significance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -autoradiographs O -revealed O -a O -2 O -. O -25 O -and O -2 O -. O -50 O -times O -higher O -thymidine B-Chemical -labeling O -index O -of O -lymphocytes O -in O -the O -deep O -cortex O -of O -mesenteric O -lymph O -nodes O -and O -white O -pulp O -of O -the O -spleen O -, O -respectively O -, O -for O -experimental O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuraminidase O -treatment O -of O -platelets O -does O -not O -change O -their O -ability O -to O -promote O -clot O -retraction O -, O -to O -aggregate O -with O -ADP O -, O -or O -to O -take O -up O -serotonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dark O -, O -anaerobic O -fermentation O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -under O -growth O -conditions O -was O -examined O -with O -the O -following O -species O -of O -phototrophic O -purple O -bacteria O -: O -Rhodospirillum O -rubrum O -strains O -Ha O -and O -S1 O -, O -Rhodopseudomonas O -gelatinosa O -strain O -2150 O -, O -Rhodopseudomonas O -acidophila O -strain O -7050 O -, O -Rhodopseudomonas O -palustris O -strain O -ATCC O -17001 O -, O -Rhodopseudomonas O -capsulata O -strains O -Kb1 O -and O -6950 O -, O -Rhodopseudomonas O -sphaeroides O -strain O -ATCC O -17023 O -, O -and O -Chromatium O -vinosum O -strain O -D O -. O -Fermentation O -balances O -were O -established O -for O -all O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -R O -. O -acidophila O -and O -R O -. O -capsulata O -showed O -an O -intermediate O -fermentation O -rate O -( O -0 O -. O -4 O -- O -- O -2 O -. O -0 O -mumoles O -pyruvate B-Chemical -/ O -mg O -protein O -- O -h O -) O -, O -while O -the O -other O -strains O -tested O -fermented O -at O -quite O -low O -rates O -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -- O -0 O -. O -4 O -mumoles O -pyruvate B-Chemical -/ O -mg O -protein O -- O -h O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -the O -fermentation O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -by O -normal O -and O -starved O -cells O -( O -4 O -days O -in O -the O -light O -without O -a O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -) O -of O -R O -. O -rubrum O -and O -R O -. O -gelatinosa O -shows O -that O -the O -latter O -ferment O -more O -slowly O -and O -produce O -less O -acetate O -and O -formate O -, O -but O -more O -propionate O -or O -lactate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Volatile O -degradation O -products O -were O -isolated O -from O -a O -solution O -of O -L O -- O -dehydroascorbic O -acid O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -solution O -of O -pH O -2 O -, O -4 O -, O -6 O -and O -8 O -heated O -under O -reflux O -for O -3 O -h O -or O -left O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -for O -200 O -h O -. O -The O -products O -were O -identified O -by O -comparison O -of O -their O -gas O -chromatographic O -retention O -data O -, O -infra O -- O -red O -and O -mass O -spectra O -with O -those O -of O -authentic O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Surface O -tension O -activity O -and O -paramorphogenic O -effect O -of O -sorbose O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -desoxycholate O -, O -and O -griseofulvin O -on O -the O -growth O -of O -colonies O -of O -Chaetomium O -aureum O -Chivers O -. O - -aps B-category -Restriction O -of O -colonies O -was O -most O -effective O -with O -0 O -. O -7 O -% O -sorbose O -, O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -desoxycholate I-Chemical -, O -and O -0 O -. O -006 O -% O -griseofulvin O -in O -the O -medium O -adjusted O -to O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -number O -of O -factors O -which O -lead B-Chemical -to O -an O -increase O -in O -HPRL O -secretion O -are O -named O -. O - -aps B-category -Lonetyle O -: O -development O -of O -tolerance O -and O -barbiturate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -physical O -dependence O -in O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -of O -child O -instability O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -also O -measured O -arterial O -pH O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tensions O -, O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -and O -central O -venous O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -consistent O -changes O -occurred O -in O -pH O -or O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protective O -effects O -of O -pentobarbitone O -, O -hydroxydione O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -against O -acute O -and O -chronic O -toxicity O -of O -high O -- O -pressure O -oxygen B-Chemical -( O -HPO O -) O -were O -studied O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -manifestations O -of O -acute O -toxicity O -and O -seemed O -to O -counteract O -those O -of O -chronic O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -the O -H1 O -- O -antagonist O -promethazine B-Chemical -and O -the O -H2 O -- O -antagonist O -burimamide O -on O -chronotropic O -, O -inotropic O -and O -coronary O -vascular O -responses O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -isolated O -perfused O -guinea O -- O -pig O -hearts O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -chronotropic O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -is O -mediated O -by O -a O -stimulation O -of O -H2 O -- O -receptors O -a O -direct O -interaction O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -with O -H1 O -- O -receptors O -a O -direct O -interaction O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -with O -H1 O -- O -receptors O -mediating O -the O -inotropic O -response O -on O -heart O -may O -be O -overlooked O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1 O -) O -Burimamide O -produced O -a O -competitive O -blockade O -of O -the O -positive O -chrono O -- O -and O -inotropic O -responses O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -( O -3 O -) O -The O -predominant O -coronary O -vasodilation O -observed O -after O -infusion O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -competitively O -antagonized O -by O -promethazine B-Chemical -and O -burimamide O -. O - -aps B-category -Together O -with O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -, O -beta O -blockers O -are O -drugs O -of O -first O -choice O -in O -angina O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -example O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -induces O -nightmares O -in O -a O -few O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -FDA O -delay O -in O -approval O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -for O -essential O -hypertension O -is O -totally O -incomprehensible O -. O - -aps B-category -Labetalol B-Chemical -, O -an O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -drug O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Effective O -renal O -plasms O -flow O -( O -ERPF O -) O -and O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -( O -GFR O -) O -, O -as O -determined O -by O -a O -radioisotopic O -method O -, O -were O -evaluated O -in O -seven O -heroin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -overdosage I-Chemical -patients O -( O -Group O -I O -) O -and O -7 O -hypnotic O -- O -sedative O -- O -analgesic O -overdosage O -patients O -( O -Group O -II O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -compared O -to O -hypnotic O -- O -sedative O -- O -analagesic O -overdosed O -patients O -heroin B-Chemical -overdosed O -patients O -heroin B-Chemical -overdosed O -patients O -have O -more O -profoundly O -altered O -renal O -hemodynamics O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -days O -later O -he O -presented O -with O -metabolic O -acidosis O -due O -to O -excess O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -a O -decline O -in O -curculating O -hemoglobin O -, O -reticulocytosis O -, O -elevated O -serum O -transaminase O -levels O -, O -and O -hyperbilirubinemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -temporal O -proximity O -of O -drug O -ingestion O -and O -hemolysis O -, O -increased O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -excess O -, O -and O -hepatic O -insufficiency O -suggests O -that O -nitrofurantoin O -may O -have O -been O -responisble O -for O -precipitating O -the O -clinical O -and O -chemical O -abnormalities O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -HCO3 O -- O -medium O -equilibrated O -with O -O2 O -and O -CO2 O -was O -utilized O -with O -glutamine B-Chemical -concentrations O -of O -either O -10 O -or O -0 O -. O -5 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -acidosis O -induced O -in O -vivo O -, O -mitochondria O -from O -normal O -rats O -subjected O -to O -a O -diminution O -in O -medium O -pH O -, O -either O -by O -manipulation O -of O -HCO3 O -concentration O -or O -PCO2 O -, O -significantly O -decrease O -NH3 O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -spiny O -dogfish O -shark O -, O -which O -does O -not O -have O -renal O -juxtaglomerular O -cells O -, O -exhibits O -a O -strong O -pressor O -response O -to O -both O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -and O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pressor O -response O -to O -both O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -is O -completely O -blocked O -by O -the O -adrenergic O -blocking O -drug O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -- O -blind O -crossover O -trial O -comparing O -lorazepam B-Chemical -at O -two O -dosage O -levels O -with O -amylobarbitone O -supported O -previous O -reports O -of O -the O -effective O -anxiolytic O -action O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -primary O -aim O -during O -anesthetic O -management O -of O -the O -patient O -with O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -is O -prevention O -of O -imbalance O -between O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -supply O -and O -demand O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -determinants O -of O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -demand O -are O -mechanical O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -combined O -application O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -and O -some O -central O -depressants O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -interactions O -turned O -out O -to O -be O -supra O -- O -additive O -, O -more O -pronounced O -in O -the O -case O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -than O -in O -the O -case O -of O -medazepam O -, O -pentobarbitone O -or O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -biological O -fluids O -by O -boric O -acid O -gel O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effects O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -on O -postoperative O -analgesia O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Even O -in O -titrated O -doses O -naloxone B-Chemical -rapidly O -abolished O -residual O -post O -- O -operative O -fentanyl B-Chemical -analgesia O -in O -80 O -p O -. O -100 O -of O -the O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -frequency O -, O -positive O -pressure O -ventilation O -during O -anesthesia O -for O -bronchoscopy O -, O -uses O -the O -intermittent O -delivery O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -an O -anesthetic O -gas O -mixture O -thus O -avoiding O -the O -risks O -of O -hypoxia O -, O -retention O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -and O -concomitant O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -technique O -of O -apnea O -in O -pure O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -after O -one O -hour O -denitrogentation O -, O -and O -with O -an O -intake O -of O -50 O -liters O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -per O -minute O -through O -the O -bronchoscope O -, O -the O -PaO2 O -was O -greater O -than O -400 O -mm O -of O -Hg O -, O -but O -hypercapnia O -and O -acidosis O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -160 O -cases O -of O -children O -and O -infants O -, O -a O -technique O -of O -general O -anesthesia O -is O -described O -( O -penthiobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -suxamethonium I-Chemical -, O -then O -halothane B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxygen I-Chemical -with O -a O -mask O -in O -spontaneous O -ventilation O -if O -the O -bronchoscopy O -is O -followed O -by O -lipiodol O -bronchography O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -observed O -an O -abnormal O -frequency O -of O -laryngo O -- O -tracheal O -stenosis O -over O -a O -period O -of O -three O -months O -, O -corresponding O -to O -the O -use O -of O -a O -defective O -lot O -of O -supple O -catheters O -for O -single O -use O -and O -made O -of O -polyvinyl O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dose O -- O -response O -relationships O -in O -steroid B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -hemorrhagic O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -the O -bowlers O -had O -a O -relative O -tachycardia O -15 O -min O -before O -the O -competition O -which O -was O -abolished O -by O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -whole O -, O -the O -total O -scores O -of O -placebo O -and O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -competitions O -did O -not O -differ O -significantly O -from O -each O -other O -, O -nor O -was O -there O -any O -difference O -between O -the O -scores O -of O -the O -trial O -competitions O -and O -the O -average O -results O -during O -previous O -season O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bowlers O -whose O -bowling O -performance O -was O -improved O -by O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -exhibited O -significantly O -higher O -heart O -rates O -before O -, O -during O -and O -after O -the O -competition O -as O -compared O -with O -the O -subgroups O -not O -responding O -beneficially O -to O -the O -active O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -reason O -for O -the O -impairment O -of O -the O -general O -performance O -could O -conceivably O -be O -an O -" O -overrelaxed O -" O -state O -as O -indicated O -by O -the O -greater O -number O -of O -misses O -made O -by O -the O -bowlers O -when O -treated O -with O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -b5 O -system O -is O -involved O -in O -desaturation O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidation O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -to O -acetate O -in O -the O -liver O -, O -via O -alcohol B-Chemical -and O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -, O -leads O -to O -an O -elevated O -cellular O -NADH O -content O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -catalytic O -amounts O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -NAD O -, O -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -to O -microsomes O -resulted O -in O -a O -rapid O -reduction O -of O -microsomal O -cyt O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -ethanol B-Chemical -metabolism O -may O -selectively O -affect O -the O -activity O -of O -one O -or O -the O -other O -microsomal O -hemoprotein O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -mechanism O -may O -underlie O -the O -clinical O -observations O -of O -drug O -intolerance O -reactions O -associated O -with O -alcohol B-Chemical -intake O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lactose O -in O -unpasteurized O -whey O -is O -fermented O -to O -lactate B-Chemical -acid O -by O -Lactobacillus O -bulgaricus O -at O -a O -temperature O -of O -43 O -degrees O -C O -and O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fermented O -product O -is O -concentrated O -by O -evaporation O -to O -a O -solids O -content O -of O -about O -70 O -% O -and O -adjusted O -to O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -with O -additional O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -efficiency O -of O -conversion O -of O -lactose O -to O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -usually O -exceeds O -95 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -day O -old O -male O -mice O -received O -a O -single O -injection O -of O -oestradiol O -benzoate O -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -propionate I-Chemical -or O -cyproterone B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -in O -order O -to O -study O -their O -action O -on O -testicular O -development O -, O -particularly O -testosterone B-Chemical -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -propionate O -produced O -moderate O -reduction O -of O -testicular O -weight O -but O -spermatogenesis O -was O -not O -impaired O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyproterone B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -increased O -significantly O -testicular O -testosterone B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -double O -contrast B-Chemical -examination O -of O -the O -colon O -experiences O -with O -the O -Welin O -Modification O -. O - -aps B-category -the O -quantity O -of O -N O -contained O -in O -the O -reaction O -vessel O -( O -residue O -) O -and O -in O -the O -resulting O -dialysis O -products O -as O -determined O -by O -Kjehldahl O -microanalysis O -and O -automatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -, O -the O -proportions O -of O -digestion O -products O -found O -in O -the O -different O -molecular O -ranges O -after O -partition O -of O -Sephadex O -G O -75 O -and O -the O -composition O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -cleavage O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -Additions O -of O -Cu2 O -+ O -had O -no O -influence O -on O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -to O -activate O -the O -mutant O -enzyme O -in O -vitro O -offers O -a O -possible O -mode O -of O -therapy O -for O -this O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -a O -micromethod O -the O -authors O -have O -measured O -the O -pH O -, O -and O -the O -partial O -pressure O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -in O -the O -aqueous O -humour O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reactions O -of O -D O -- O -glyceraldehyde O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -with O -thiols B-Chemical -and O -the O -holoenzyme O -of O -D O -- O -glyceraldehyde O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -of O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -with O -the O -acyl O -- O -holoenzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -adducts O -, O -which O -are O -presumed O -to O -be O -hemithioacetals O -, O -equilibrate O -rapidly O -with O -the O -unhydrated O -form O -of O -the O -aldehyde B-Chemical -, O -which O -is O -the O -subtrate O -for O -D O -- O -glyceraldehyde O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -this O -system O -, O -the O -kinetics O -of O -the O -association O -of O -the O -aldehyde B-Chemical -with O -the O -enzyme O -were O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -dependence O -of O -the O -observed O -rate O -constant O -is O -consistent O -with O -a O -requirement O -for O -the O -unprotonated O -form O -of O -a O -group O -of O -pK O -6 O -. O -1 O -, O -which O -is O -the O -pK O -observed O -for O -second O -ionization O -of O -glyceraldehyde O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rates O -of O -the O -phosphorolysis O -reaction O -and O -of O -the O -aldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -association I-Chemical -reaction O -decrease O -with O -increasing O -ionic O -strength O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -active O -site O -of O -the O -enzyme O -has O -cationic O -groups O -which O -are O -involved O -in O -the O -reaction O -of O -the O -enzyme O -with O -anionic O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -Identity O -of O -isoenzyme O -1 O -of O -histidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyruvate I-Chemical -aminotransferase O -with O -serine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyruvate I-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -Histidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyruvate I-Chemical -aminotransferase O -isoenzyme O -1 O -, O -with O -pI8 O -. O -0 O -, O -was O -purified O -to O -homogeneity O -from O -the O -mitochondrial O -fraction O -of O -liver O -from O -glucagon O -- O -injected O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -transamination O -with O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -the O -activity O -with O -serine O -reached O -a O -constant O -ratio O -to O -that O -with O -histidine O -during O -purification O -, O -which O -was O -unchanged O -by O -a O -variety O -of O -treatments O -of O -the O -purified O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absorbance O -maximum O -at O -410 O -nm O -and O -the O -inhibition O -by O -carbonyl O -reagents O -strongly O -indicate O -the O -presence O -of O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adsorption O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -carboxymethylated O -glyceraldehyde O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -to O -negatively O -charged O -liposomes O -of O -phsphatidic O -acid O -/ O -phosphatidylcholine O -( O -3 O -: O -7 O -, O -w O -/ O -w O -) O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -positively O -charged O -liposomes O -, O -the O -Km O -value O -for O -glyceraldehyde O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -decreased O -and O -there O -was O -no O -significant O -change O -in O -Vmax O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -microsomal O -activities O -of O -the O -hepatic O -enzymes O -hydroxymethylglutaryl O -- O -CoA O -reductase O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -7 O -alpha O -- O -hydroxylase O -exhibit O -a O -diurnal O -rhythm O -with O -maximum O -activities O -observed O -during O -the O -dark O -period O -and O -minimum O -activities O -around O -noon O -( O -12 O -: O -00h O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -response O -appeared O -to O -require O -protein O -synthesis O -, O -since O -it O -was O -blocked O -by O -actinomycin O -D O -. O -However O -, O -the O -administration O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -to O -adrenalectomized O -rats O -3 O -h O -before O -the O -expected O -minimum O -did O -not O -result O -in O -significant O -change O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -hydroxymethylglutaryl O -- O -CoA O -reductase O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -7 O -alpha O -- O -hydroxylase O -3 O -h O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanism O -of O -inhibition O -by O -carbonyl O -cyanide O -m O -- O -chlorophenylhydrazone O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -of O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -- O -catalysed O -hepatic O -microsomal O -drug O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -0 O -. O -01 O -% O -lacks O -its O -detergent O -properties O -, O -but O -competitively O -inhibits O -aminopyrine O -binding O -and O -activates O -the O -initial O -rate O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -P O -- O -450 O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -and O -that O -for O -N O -- O -demethylation O -of O -aminopyrine O -is O -the O -activity O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -P O -- O -450 O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -them O -reveals O -selective O -sensitivity O -to O -the O -protonation O -action O -of O -carbonyl O -cyanide O -m O -- O -chlorophenylhydrazone O -and O -contains O -the O -' O -binding O -protein O -' O -for O -type O -I O -substrates O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -P O -- O -450 O -reductase O -; O -the O -other O -contains O -the O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -haem O -group O -and O -binding O -sites O -for O -type O -II O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -30 O -different O -lysosomal O -enzymes O -were O -determined O -in O -vitro O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -sulphated O -glycosaminoglycans O -, O -heparin B-Chemical -and O -chondroitin O -sulphate O -, O -all O -the O -enzymes O -being O -measured O -on O -a O -density O -- O -gradient O -- O -purified O -lysosomal O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -certain O -enzymes O -, O -such O -as O -acid O -beta O -- O -glycerophosphatase O -, O -alpha O -- O -galactosidase O -, O -acid O -lipase O -, O -lysozyme O -and O -phospholipase O -A2 O -, O -the O -pH O -- O -dependent O -behaviour O -obtained O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -was O -quite O -different O -to O -that O -obtained O -with O -chondroitin O -sulphate O -, O -suggesting O -the O -existence O -of O -physicochemical O -characteristic O -factors O -playing O -a O -role O -in O -the O -intermolecular O -interaction O -for O -each O -of O -the O -sulphated O -glycosaminoglycans O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -leucocytic O -primary O -lysosomes O -have O -a O -very O -acid O -intragranular O -pH O -and O -large O -amounts O -of O -chondroitin O -sulphate O -, O -we O -propose O -that O -this O -glycosaminoglycan B-Chemical -might O -act O -as O -molecular O -regulator O -of O -leucocytic O -activity O -, O -by O -inhibiting O -lysosomal O -enzymes O -when O -the O -intragranular O -pH O -is O -below O -the O -pI O -of O -lysosomal O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Methylation O -of O -transfer O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -by O -tea O -leaf O -extracts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -did O -not O -support O -the O -view O -of O -involvement O -of O -methylation O -of O -nucleic O -acids O -in O -caffeine B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -in O -tea O -plants O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -phenylalanine O -metabolites O -on O -the O -activities O -of O -enzymes O -of O -ketone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -body I-Chemical -utilization O -in O -brain O -of O -suckling O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxybutyrate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -the O -brain O -of O -suckling O -rats O -had O -a O -Km O -for O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxybutyrate I-Chemical -of O -1 O -. O -2 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -was O -the O -same O -as O -, O -or O -higher O -than O -, O -that O -of O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -more O -than O -20 O -- O -fold O -that O -of O -NADP O -- O -linked O -" O -malic O -" O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -partial O -purification O -of O -the O -NAD O -- O -linked O -" O -malic O -" O -enzyme O -from O -Glossina O -was O -effected O -by O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -chromatography O -, O -which O -separated O -the O -enzyme O -from O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -NADP O -- O -linked O -" O -malic O -" O -enzyme O -, O -but O -not O -from O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -activity O -of O -mitochondrial O -ATPase O -( O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -) O -in O -extracts O -of O -Schizosaccharomyces O -pombe O -decreased O -2 O -. O -5 O -- O -fold O -as O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -growth O -medium O -decreased O -from O -50mM O -to O -15mM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ATPase O -of O -glycerol O -- O -grown O -cells O -was O -less O -sensitive O -to O -inhibitors O -than O -that O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -repressed I-Chemical -cells O -; O -change O -in O -values O -for O -I50 O -were O -not O -so O -marked O -during O -the O -growth O -cycle O -of O -cells O -growing O -with O -glycerol O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -proposed O -that O -alterations O -in O -sensitivity O -to O -inhibitors O -at O -different O -stages O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -derepression O -may O -be O -partly O -controlled O -by O -a O -naturally O -occuring O -inhibitor O -of O -ATPase O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -insulin O -concentrations O -in O -fed O -rats O -were O -altered O -acutely O -by O -administration O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -or O -anti O -- O -insulin O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -liver O -, O -although O -changes O -in O -rates O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -were O -found O -, O -the O -initial O -activity O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -did O -not O -alter O -, O -but O -small O -parallel O -changes O -in O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -activity O -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -lung O -and O -liver O -of O -tocopherol O -- O -deficient O -rats O -, O -the O -activities O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -peroxidase O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -were O -increased O -substantially O -, O -suggesting O -an O -important O -role O -for O -both O -enzymes O -in O -protecting O -the O -organ O -against O -the O -deleterious O -effects O -of O -lipid O -peroxides B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -the O -rate O -of O -production O -of O -lipid O -peroxide B-Chemical -and O -H2O2 B-Chemical -in O -the O -perfused O -organ O -could O -be O -compared O -by O -simultaneous O -measurement O -of O -the O -rate O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -release O -and O -the O -turnover O -number O -of O -the O -catalase O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Tocopherol O -deficiency O -caused O -a O -marked O -increase O -in O -lipid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -formation O -as O -indicated O -by O -a O -corresponding O -increase O -in O -glutathione B-Chemical -release O -under O -hyperbaric O -oxygenation O -, O -with O -a O -further O -enhancement O -when O -the O -tocopherol O -- O -deficient O -rats O -were O -also O -starved O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -AMP O -- O -dependent O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -uptake O -in O -intestine O -- O -- O -the O -importance O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonists O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -effects O -of O -cyproterone B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -( O -CA O -) O -, O -an O -antiandrogenic O -compound O -, O -on O -the O -proteinase O -activities O -in O -epididymal O -and O -testicular O -spermatozoa O -in O -male O -albino O -rats O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -experiments O -show O -that O -the O -stability O -of O -proscillaridine O -in O -gastric O -juice O -is O -comparable O -with O -the O -stability O -of O -digitalis B-Chemical -glycosides I-Chemical -and O -digoxin B-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacokinetic O -studies O -indicate O -a O -longer O -plasma O -half O -- O -ife O -for O -piroxicam B-Chemical -than O -for O -these O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -potency O -, O -long O -half O -- O -life O -and O -absence O -of O -cardiovascular O -or O -cental O -nervous O -system O -effects O -have O -encouraged O -clinical O -trial O -of O -piroxicam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -BD O -40A O -was O -similar O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -more O -potent O -than O -trimetoquinol O -, O -orciprenaline B-Chemical -and O -salbutamol B-Chemical -in O -increasing O -heart O -rate O -by O -s O -. O -c O -. O -route O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -order O -of O -bronchoselectivity O -( O -ratio O -between O -ED30 O -beats O -/ O -min O -vs O -. O -ED50 O -) O -in O -conscious O -guinea O -pigs O -was O -salbutamol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -BD O -40A O -= O -trimetoquinol O -greater O -than O -orciprenaline B-Chemical -greater O -than O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -by O -s O -. O -c O -. O -administration O -, O -and O -by O -oral O -administration O -the O -order O -was O -BD O -40A O -= O -salbutamol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -trimetoquinol O -= O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pentagastrin O -has O -a O -distinct O -effect O -on O -the O -ratios O -of O -Na O -+ O -, O -K O -+ O -, O -H O -+ O -/ O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -gastric O -juice O -in O -the O -different O -states O -of O -acidity O -. O - -aps B-category -injection O -corresponds O -to O -that O -of O -salbutamol B-Chemical -in O -all O -laboratory O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conscious O -rabbits O -, O -anesthetised O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -, O -dogs O -and O -cats O -the O -maximum O -of O -tachycardia O -obtainable O -by O -clenbuterol O -is O -lower O -than O -that O -of O -salbutamol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -other O -beta O -- O -mimetic O -substances O -, O -clenbuterol O -causes O -only O -slight O -mobilization O -of O -heart O -muscle O -glycogen O -by O -doses O -higher O -than O -those O -which O -have O -broncholytic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Degree O -and O -duration O -of O -action O -of O -clenbuterol O -and O -the O -other O -sympathomimetic O -amines B-Chemical -on O -skeletal O -muscle O -of O -the O -cat O -shows O -parallelism O -with O -that O -of O -the O -broncholytic O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -other O -broncholytic O -substances O -, O -a O -very O -small O -dosage O -of O -clenbuterol O -is O -sufficient O -to O -protect O -rats O -against O -the O -liberation O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -caused O -by O -the O -anaphylactic O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Suitable O -substitution O -on O -both O -nitrogen B-Chemical -atoms O -afforded O -extremely O -potent O -analgesics O -. O - -aps B-category -Onset O -, O -potency O -and O -duration O -of O -analgesic O -action O -were O -assessed O -in O -the O -tail O -withdrawal O -test O -and O -compared O -with O -the O -activity O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -, O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -cis O -- O -3 O -- O -methylfentanyl O -( O -R O -26 O -800 O -) O -, O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -and O -pethidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -cis O -- O -Methyl O -3 O -- O -methyl O -- O -4 O -- O -[ O -N O -- O -( O -1 O -- O -oxopropyl O -) O -- O -N O -- O -phenylamino O -] O -- O -1 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -phenylethyl O -) O -- O -4 O -- O -piperidine O -carboxylate O -( O -R O -32 O -792 O -) O -is O -the O -longest O -acting O -compound O -( O -more O -than O -8 O -h O -at O -4 O -times O -the O -lowest O -ED50 O -) O -and O -N O -- O -[ O -4 O -- O -( O -1 O -- O -oxopropyl O -) O -- O -1 O -- O -[ O -2 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -thienyl O -) O -ethyl O -] O -- O -4 O -- O -piperidinyl O -] O -- O -N O -- O -phenylpropanamide O -( O -R O -33 O -352 O -) O -is O -the O -shortest O -acting O -compound O -( O -0 O -. O -74 O -h O -at O -4 O -times O -the O -lowest O -ED50 O -) O -of O -the O -4 O -- O -substituted O -fentanyl B-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Sufentanil O -, O -a O -very O -potent O -and O -extremely O -safe O -intravenous O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -compound O -in O -mice O -, O -rats O -and O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -is O -2304 O -times O -more O -potent O -than O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -hot O -plate O -ED50 O -' O -s O -: O -0 O -. O -0028 O -and O -6 O -. O -45 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -is O -4521 O -times O -more O -potent O -than O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -tail O -withdrawal O -test O -ED50 O -' O -s O -: O -0 O -. O -00071 O -and O -3 O -. O -21 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -is O -2429 O -times O -more O -potent O -than O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -apomorphine B-Chemical -antagonism O -test O -ED50 O -' O -s O -: O -0 O -. O -00028 O -and O -0 O -. O -68 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Failure O -of O -benzoctamine O -to O -influence O -the O -activity O -of O -rat O -striatum O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Injection O -of O -100 O -mg O -benzoctamine O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -caused O -no O -alteration O -in O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -activity O -whilst O -a O -decrease O -of O -about O -60 O -% O -in O -the O -activity O -was O -recorded O -after O -treatment O -with O -a B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -a O -known O -inhibitor O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -are O -reported O -for O -the O -self O -- O -diffusion O -coefficient O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -associated O -with O -lipoprotein O -molecules O -in O -dogs O -' O -serum O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -in O -the O -temperature O -range O -18 O -- O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -diffusivity O -of O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -in O -serum O -has O -also O -been O -studied O -as O -a O -function O -of O -temperature O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -and O -4 O -. O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -Labetalol B-Chemical -1 O -- O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -administered O -intravenously O -to O -normal O -subjects O -in O -the O -supine O -position O -produced O -an O -immediate O -mean O -fall O -in O -systolic O -( O -16 O -% O -) O -and O -diastolic O -( O -25 O -% O -) O -blood O -pressure O -with O -a O -concomitant O -increase O -in O -heart O -rate O -( O -12 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoprenaline O -log O -dose O -response O -curves O -of O -increase O -in O -heart O -rate O -and O -reduction O -in O -diastolic O -pressure O -after O -intravenous O -labetalol B-Chemical -shifted O -to O -the O -right O -in O -a O -parallel O -manner O -compared O -with O -pre B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labetalol I-Chemical -response O -curves O -suggestive O -of O -competitive O -antagonism O -at O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ratio O -of O -relative O -potency O -alpha O -: O -beta O -adrenoceptor O -antagonism O -after O -intravenous O -labetalol B-Chemical -was O -approximately O -1 O -: O -7 O -, O -whereas O -in O -the O -same O -subjects O -after O -oral O -labetalol B-Chemical -the O -ratio O -was O -approximately O -1 O -: O -3 O -as O -previously O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Estimates O -of O -relative O -potency O -using O -inhibition O -of O -tilt O -tachycardia O -were O -complicated O -by O -the O -additional O -effects O -upon O -blood O -pressure O -after O -labetalol B-Chemical -not O -seen O -after O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -Bordetella O -pertussis B-Chemical -vaccine I-Chemical -on O -cerebral O -vascular O -permeability O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -permeability O -changes O -in O -the O -cerebral O -vessels O -may O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -evolution O -of O -the O -encephalopathy O -attributed O -to O -the O -use O -of O -Bordetella O -pertussis B-Chemical -vaccine I-Chemical -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Local O -inflammation O -evoked O -in O -Swiss O -albino O -mice O -by O -subcutaneous O -injection O -of O -Celite O -resulted O -in O -a O -rise O -of O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -and O -plasma O -level O -of O -fibrinogen O -and O -seromucoid O -, O -while O -liver O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -and O -plasma O -level O -of O -fibrinogen O -and O -seromucoid O -, O -while O -liver O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -and O -the O -plasma O -level O -of O -albumin O -and O -total O -protein O -remained O -unaltered O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactosamine I-Chemical -( O -2 O -- O -5 O -mg O -/ O -10 O -g O -body O -weight O -) O -inhibited O -the O -enhanced O -synthesis O -of O -liver O -proteins O -, O -and O -especially O -of O -trauma O -- O -induced O -synthesis O -of O -plasma O -fibrinogen O -and O -seromucoid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -obtained O -support O -the O -idea O -that O -high O -doses O -of O -galactosamine B-Chemical -inhibit O -transcription O -of O -trauma O -- O -inducible O -mRNA O -in O -the O -liver O -and O -thus O -block O -the O -acute O -- O -phase O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -controlled O -double O -- O -blind O -cross O -- O -over O -trial O -in O -10 O -patients O -comprising O -six O -with O -open O -- O -angle O -glaucoma O -, O -three O -with O -closed O -- O -angle O -glaucoma O -, O -and O -one O -with O -ocular O -hypertension O -, O -a O -single O -oral O -dose O -of O -atenolol B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -) O -was O -significantly O -more O -effective O -than O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -40 O -mg O -) O -in O -reducing O -ocular O -tension O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -there O -is O -no O -significant O -secretion O -of O -lipolytic O -enzymes O -by O -the O -fundal O -mucosa O -and O -that O -the O -lipolysis O -of O -triglycerides B-Chemical -in O -the O -abomasum O -of O -the O -preruminant O -calf O -is O -due O -predominantly O -to O -a O -lipolytic O -enzyme O -in O -saliva O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -is O -also O -provided O -for O -a O -charge O -- O -transfer O -interaction O -between O -protonated O -histidine O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -luminescence O -properties O -( O -fluorescence O -and O -phosphorescence O -) O -of O -luliberin O -have O -been O -investigated O -at O -liquid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -temperature O -( O -77 O -K O -) O -in O -50 O -% O -ethylene O -glycolaqueous O -buffer O -at O -various O -pH O -' O -s O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -are O -discussed O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -role O -played O -by O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -both O -in O -the O -hormone O -conformation O -and O -in O -the O -hormone O -biological O -potency O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -aqueous O -polymer O -phase O -system O -containing O -6 O -. O -3 O -% O -( O -w O -/ O -w O -) O -dextran B-Chemical -and O -3 O -. O -5 O -% O -( O -w O -/ O -w O -) O -poly O -( O -ethylene O -glycol O -) O -in O -10 O -mM O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -( O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -) O -was O -developed O -to O -select O -RNA O -- O -DNA O -hybrids O -from O -unhybridized O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -early O -kinetic O -steps O -of O -actomyosin O -subfragment O -1 O -( O -acto O -- O -S1 O -) O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -have O -been O -investigated O -by O -simultaneous O -monitoring O -of O -fluorescence O -and O -light O -scattering O -and O -also O -by O -observation O -of O -the O -time O -course O -of O -the O -production O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -rates O -for O -fluorescence O -enhancement O -or O -phosphate B-Chemical -formation O -are O -reached O -at O -much O -lower O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -concentrations O -for O -acto O -- O -S1 O -than O -for O -S1 O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -actin O -concentrations O -up O -to O -10 O -muM O -, O -the O -rate O -of O -reassociation O -of O -the O -product O -intermediate O -was O -equal O -to O -the O -rate O -of O -actomyosin O -subfragment O -1 O -( O -acto O -- O -S1 O -) O -or O -acto O -- O -HMM O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -( O -ATPase O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -process O -was O -detected O -by O -equilibrium O -temperature O -jump O -spectroscopy O -using O -the O -indicator O -probe O -phenol B-Chemical -red O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -alcohols O -on O -the O -structure O -and O -function O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -values O -for O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -, O -histone O -H4 O -, O -and O -an O -ancephalitogenic O -basic O -protein O -are O -7 O -. O -6 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -, O -2 O -. O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -, O -and O -7 O -. O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -, O -respectively O -, O -and O -the O -Ki O -value O -for O -S O -- O -adenosyl O -- O -L O -- O -homocysteine O -is O -2 O -. O -62 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -. O -The O -enzyme O -is O -highly O -specific O -for O -the O -arginine O -residues O -of O -protein O -, O -and O -the O -end O -products O -after O -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -methylated O -protein O -are O -NG O -, O -NG O -- O -di O -( O -asymmetric O -) O -, O -NG O -, O -N O -' O -G O -- O -di O -( O -symmetric O -) O -, O -and O -NG O -- O -monomethylarginine O -. O - -aps B-category -Product O -inhibition O -by O -S O -- O -adenosyl O -- O -L O -- O -homocysteine O -with O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -as O -the O -varied O -substrate O -was O -competitive O -regardless O -of O -whether O -or O -not O -the O -enzyme O -was O -saturated O -with O -histone O -H4 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -mechanism O -of O -the O -protein O -methylase O -I O -reaction O -is O -a O -Sequential O -Ordered O -Bi O -Bi O -mechanism O -with O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -as O -the O -first O -substrate O -, O -histone O -H4 O -as O -the O -second O -substrate O -, O -methylated O -histone O -H4 O -as O -the O -first O -product O -, O -and O -S O -- O -adenosyl O -- O -L O -- O -homocysteine O -as O -the O -second O -product O -released O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -a O -combination O -of O -ion O -- O -exchange O -, O -molecular O -- O -sieve O -, O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -exchange I-Chemical -, O -and O -affinity O -chromatography O -, O -luciferase O -has O -been O -purified O -, O -approximately O -12 O -000 O -- O -fold O -with O -24 O -% O -recovery O -, O -to O -homogeneity O -as O -judged O -by O -analysis O -with O -disc O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -gel O -filtration O -, O -and O -ultracentrifugation O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrogen O -peroxide B-Chemical -is O -evolved O -in O -the O -reaction O -and O -no O -other O -electron O -acceptors O -except O -molecular O -oxygen B-Chemical -have O -been O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -marked O -changes O -were O -observed O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -polyamine O -oxidase O -in O -rat O -liver O -after O -partial O -hepatectomy O -, O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -poisoning O -, O -and O -after O -treatment O -with O -growth O -hormone O -or O -thioacetamide O -, O -conditions O -which O -are O -known O -to O -alter O -profoundly O -the O -metabolism O -and O -accumulation O -of O -polyamines O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -pH O -on O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -chylomicron O -and O -chylomicron O -remnant O -cholesterol B-Chemical -ester O -with O -rat O -liver O -homogenate O -was O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -microsomes O -( O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -- O -8 O -. O -0 O -) O -and O -100 O -000 O -X O -g O -supernatant O -( O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -- O -8 O -. O -5 O -) O -efficiently O -hydrolyzed O -the O -cholesterol B-Chemical -ester O -but O -not O -the O -triacylglycerol B-Chemical -of O -chylomicron O -remnants O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -lysosomes O -efficiently O -hydrolyzed O -both O -the O -cholesterol B-Chemical -ester O -and O -the O -triacylglycerol B-Chemical -portion O -of O -chylomicron O -remnants O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -responsible O -, O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -synthetase O -, O -has O -been O -purified O -about O -500 O -- O -fold O -from O -crude O -cell O -extracts O -and O -was O -approximately O -85 O -% O -pure O -as O -judged O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -. O - -aps B-category -GTP O -, O -UTP O -, O -CTP O -and O -ADP O -could O -not O -replace O -ATP O -in O -the O -reaction O -, O -and O -cysteine B-Chemical -or O -pantetheine O -failed O -to O -replace O -CoA O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -is O -presented O -to O -suggest O -that O -these O -polypeptide O -chains O -correspond O -to O -distinct O -biotin B-Chemical -carboxylase O -, O -transcarboxylase O -and O -biotin B-Chemical -carboxyl O -carrier O -protein O -subunits O -in O -analogy O -with O -similar O -subunits O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -, O -an O -unstable O -complex O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Intrauterine O -administration O -of O -50 O -mumol O -of O -NaF O -to O -the O -ovariectomized O -mature O -rat O -causes O -a O -2 O -- O -- O -3 O -- O -fold O -increase O -in O -the O -total O -uterine O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -within O -24 O -h O -. O -The O -response O -is O -characterized O -by O -a O -4 O -- O -- O -6 O -h O -lag O -with O -a O -maximum O -effect O -from O -24 O -to O -36 O -h O -after O -a O -single O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -NaF O -- O -induced O -response O -is O -blocked O -by O -prior O -intrauterine O -administration O -of O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -but O -not O -actinomycin O -D O -suggesting O -that O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -increases O -by O -a O -post O -- O -transcriptional O -effect O -of O -NaF O -on O -de O -novo O -enzyme O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -half O -- O -life O -of O -the O -enzyme O -as O -measured O -by O -the O -rate O -of O -loss O -of O -[ O -1 O -- O -14C O -] O -glutamate B-Chemical -from O -previously O -labeled O -utreine O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -is O -decreased O -from O -27 O -to O -10 O -h O -by O -NaF O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -enzyme O -activity O -is O -preceded O -by O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -utilization O -of O -the O -hexose O -monophosphate O -shunt O -pathway O -as O -determined O -by O -the O -ratio O -of O -the O -the O -rates O -of O -oxidation O -of O -[ O -1 O -- O -14C O -] O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -[ O -6 O -- O -14C O -] O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -CO2 O -by O -uterine O -slices O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cytosol O -enzymes O -studied O -were O -( O -a O -) O -those O -with O -half O -- O -lives O -in O -vivo O -of O -3 O -days O -or O -longer O -: O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -arginase O -, O -glyceraldehyde O -phosphate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -( O -b O -) O -those O -with O -half O -- O -lives O -in O -vivo O -shorter O -than O -2 O -days O -; O -glucokinase O -, O -dihydroorotase O -, O -serine O -dehydratase O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -( O -c O -) O -catalase O -, O -which O -has O -an O -intermediate O -half O -- O -life O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -days O -for O -the O -protein O -protion O -. O - -aps B-category -Thermoplasma O -acidophilum O -: O -intracellular O -pH O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -glyoxylate O -plus O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -and O -of O -oxalomalate O -on O -the O -NADP O -- O -linked O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -( O -threo O -- O -DS O -- O -isocitrate O -: O -NADP O -+ O -oxidoreductase O -( O -decarboxylating O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -42 O -) O -from O -pig O -heart O -from O -been O -studied O -with O -steady O -state O -methods O -as O -well O -as O -with O -stopped O -flow O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicated O -that O -the O -inhibition O -by O -glyoxylate O -plus O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -is O -caused O -by O -a O -compound O -formed O -in O -a O -reversible O -interaction O -between O -the O -two O -components O -. O - -aps B-category -Glyoxylate O -plus O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -oxalomalate O -are O -able O -to O -form O -complexes O -with O -metal O -ions O -and O -were O -found O -to O -cause O -an O -initial O -activation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -under O -certain O -assay O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -position O -of O -the O -equilibrium O -with O -riboflavin B-Chemical -was O -measured O -spectrophotometrically O -and O -fluorimetrically O -; O -the O -equilibrium O -potential O -with O -lumiflavin O -3 O -- O -acetate O -was O -measured O -spectrophotometrically O -and O -potentiometrically O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -enzyme O -stabilized O -fibrin O -clots O -rendering O -them O -insoluble O -in O -2 O -% O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -highly O -purified O -substance O -, O -which O -had O -a O -specific O -activity O -of O -3267 O -amine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -incorporating I-Chemical -units O -/ O -mg O -per O -h O -and O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -55000 O -, O -behaved O -as O -a O -single O -molecular O -species O -in O -the O -analytical O -ultracentrifuge O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -dependent O -upon O -free O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -and O -a O -reduced O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -for O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -glucagon O -, O -melittin O -, O -insulin O -A O -and O -B O -chain O -, O -bradykinin B-Chemical -, O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -and O -II O -, O -oxytocin B-Chemical -ACTH B-Chemical -, O -clupein O -and O -salmin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -activation O -peptide O -obtained O -at O -pH O -3 O -was O -6900 O -; O -its O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -was O -analyzed O -and O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -the O -proenzyme O -and O -the O -acidic O -protease O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -protein O -dissociation O -in O -the O -transport O -of O -acidic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -by O -the O -Ehrlich O -ascites O -tumor O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -recognized O -as O -principally O -reactive O -with O -Systems O -A O -or O -L O -yielded O -corresponding O -inhibitory O -effects O -with O -some O -conspicious O -exceptions O -: O -2 O -- O -Aminoisobutyric O -acid O -and O -even O -glycine B-Chemical -become O -better O -substrates O -of O -System O -L O -as O -the O -pH O -is O -lowered O -; O -hence O -their O -inhibitory O -action O -on O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -uptake O -is O -not O -lost O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -small O -Na O -+ O -- O -dependent O -component O -of O -uptake O -retained O -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -but O -not O -by O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -is O -inhibitable O -by O -methionine B-Chemical -but O -by O -neither O -2 O -- O -( O -methylamino O -) O -- O -isobutyric O -acid O -nor O -the O -norbornane O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -No O -transport O -activity O -specific O -to O -the O -anionic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -was O -detected O -, O -and O -the O -unequivocally O -anionic O -cysteic O -acid O -showed O -neither O -significant O -mediated O -uptake O -nor O -inhibition O -of O -the O -uptake O -of O -glutamic O -aic O -or O -of O -the O -norbornane O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Diiodotyrosine O -and O -two O -dissimilas O -isomers O -of O -nitrotyrosine B-Chemical -also O -show O -acceleration O -of O -uptake O -as O -the O -phenolate O -group O -on O -the O -sidechain O -is O -protonated O -, O -a O -result O -indicating O -that O -the O -acidic O -group O -need O -not O -be O -a O -carboxyl O -group O -and O -need O -not O -take O -a O -specific O -position O -in O -space O -to O -be O -accepted O -at O -the O -receptor O -site O -L O -. O -The O -presence O -of O -the O -carboxyl O -group O -does O -not O -upset O -the O -normal O -stereospecificity O -of O -System O -L O -until O -it O -falls O -on O -the O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -in O -aspartic O -acid O -; O -even O -then O -it O -is O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -carbonyl O -group O -and O -not O -of O -the O -intact O -carboxyl O -group O -nor O -of O -its O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -group O -that O -cancels O -out O -the O -stereospecificity O -, O -as O -was O -shown O -by O -the O -absence O -of O -normal O -stereospecificity O -for O -aspartic O -acid O -and O -asparagine O -and O -its O -presence O -in O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -homoserine O -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -data O -with O -those O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -reveals O -that O -2 O -' O -- O -O O -- O -methylation O -has O -little O -influence O -on O -the O -conformation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -final O -fraction O -was O -35 O -- O -fold O -enriched O -with O -respect O -to O -cation O -activated O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -insensitive I-Chemical -ATPase O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Hydrogen O -- O -adduct O -radicals O -in O -thymidine B-Chemical -and O -thymidine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -photosensitized O -by O -proflavin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -obtained O -indicate O -that O -efficient O -protection O -is O -given O -when O -the O -electrostatic O -interactions O -between O -the O -charged O -groups O -of O -the O -molecules O -present O -allow O -the O -close O -proximity O -of O -a O -thiol B-Chemical -or O -a O -disulfide O -bridge O -and O -the O -proflavin O -- O -DNAs O -complex O -constituent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -opposite O -occurs O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -very O -low O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -stereochemical O -isomers O -of O -tetrahydrobiopterin O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -6 O -- O -L O -- O -erythro O -- O -, O -6 O -- O -D O -- O -erythro O -- O -, O -6 O -- O -L O -- O -threo O -- O -, O -or O -6 O -- O -D O -- O -threo O -- O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -dihydroxypropyltetrahydropterin O -, O -have O -been O -synthesized O -and O -used O -as O -cofactors O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -14 O -. O -18 O -. O -- O -) O -purified O -from O -the O -soluble O -fraction O -of O -bovine O -adrenal O -medulla O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -Km O -value O -of O -the O -L O -- O -threo O -or O -D O -- O -erythro O -isomer O -was O -found O -to O -be O -independent O -of O -the O -concentration O -and O -remained O -constant O -throughout O -the O -concentration O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -high O -concentrations O -tyrosine B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -enzymatic O -reaction O -with O -any O -one O -of O -the O -four O -tetrahydrobiopterin O -cofactors O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -four O -isomers O -of O -tetrahydrobiopterin O -, O -when O -6 O -- O -methyltetrahydropterin O -or O -6 O -, O -7 O -- O -dimethyltetrahydropterin O -was O -used O -as O -cofactor O -tyrosine B-Chemical -or O -oxygen B-Chemical -did O -no O -inhibit O -the O -enzymatic O -reaction O -at O -high O -concentrations O -, O -and O -the O -Km O -values O -toward O -the O -pterin O -cofactor O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -were O -significantly O -higher O -than O -the O -Km O -values O -with O -the O -tetrahydrobiopterins O -as O -cofactor O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -endogenous O -protein O -substrate O -was O -closely O -associated O -with O -the O -protein O -kinase O -and O -was O -not O -separable O -from O -this O -enzyme O -up O -to O -the O -cellulose O -phosphate B-Chemical -stage O -. O - -aps B-category -Stereospecificity O -of O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -transfer O -catalyzed O -by O -human O -placental O -aldose O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sorbitol O -formed O -from O -[ O -4A O -- O -2H O -] O -NADPH B-Chemical -contained O -deuterium O -and O -from O -[ O -4B O -- O -2H O -] O -NADPH B-Chemical -it O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presented O -data O -indicate O -that O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -must O -have O -a O -well O -- O -defined O -conformation O -in O -order O -to O -bind O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -rate O -decreased O -at O -high O -levels O -of O -enzyme O -because O -of O -competitive O -inhibition O -by O -deoxythymidine O -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -a O -reaction O -product O -, O -which O -showed O -a O -Ki O -of O -2 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -. O -The O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -enzyme O -by O -gel O -- O -filtration O -was O -150 O -000 O -- O -170 O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -compounds O -such O -as O -NAD O -, O -ATP O -, O -bis O -- O -( O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -) O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -thymidine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -( O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -) O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -glycerylphosphorylcholine O -, O -guanylyl O -- O -( O -2 O -' O -leads O -to O -5 O -' O -) O -- B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -and O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -AMP O -which O -contain O -phosphodiester O -bonds O -, O -nevertheless O -were O -not O -substrates O -for O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidation O -of O -methyl O -derivatives O -of O -pteridin O -- O -4 O -- O -one O -, O -lumazine O -and O -related O -pteridines O -by O -bovine O -milk O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Milk O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidases O -at O -different O -stages O -of O -purification O -convert O -pteridin O -- O -4 O -- O -one O -into O -the O -4 O -, O -7 O -- O -dione O -( O -compound O -13 O -in O -this O -article O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Fructose O -diphosphate O -aldolase O -( O -D O -- O -fructose O -- O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -biphosphate O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glyceraldehyde I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -lyase O -, O -EC O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O -13 O -) O -from O -rabbit O -heart O -has O -been O -purified O -and O -obtained O -in O -crystalline O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -soluble O -enzyme O -fraction O -derived O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -K O -- O -12 O -JE2100 O -cells O -was O -found O -to O -exhibit O -, O -in O -addition O -to O -Nadh O -- O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -reductase O -activities O -, O -NADH O -- O -dependent O -cis O -- O -trans O -isomerising O -activity O -toward O -2 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -furyl O -- O -3 O -- O -( O -5 O -- O -nitro O -- O -2 O -- O -furyl O -) O -acrylamide O -leading O -to O -a O -specific O -change O -in O -geometrical O -configuration O -of O -the O -vinyl O -group O -at O -the O -2 O -- O -position O -from O -cis O -to O -trans O -but O -not O -in O -the O -reverse O -direction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -particulate O -enzyme O -fraction O -derived O -from O -JE2100 O -cells O -, O -although O -it O -showed O -little O -reductase O -activity O -toward O -furylfuramide O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -either O -NADH O -or O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -revealed O -an O -isomerising O -activity O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -8 O -- O -substituents O -was O -studied O -on O -the O -rate O -of O -oxidation O -of O -hypoxanthine O -and O -6 O -- O -thioxopurine O -by O -bovine O -milk O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -ionisation O -of O -8 O -- O -methyl O -- O -6 O -- O -thioxopurine O -involves O -the O -pyrimidine O -moiety O -, O -thus O -rendering O -enzymic O -attack O -at O -position O -2 O -more O -difficult O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -transhydrogenase O -is O -induced O -maximally O -in O -stationary O -phase O -cells O -and O -its O -formation O -is O -70 O -- O -90 O -% O -repressed O -by O -raising O -the O -medium O -phosphate B-Chemical -level O -from O -0 O -. O -33 O -to O -3 O -. O -3 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -Reactions O -of O -the O -Neurospora O -crassa O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -with O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -analogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -group O -of O -the O -pyridine O -ring O -of O -AAD O -( O -P O -) O -can O -react O -with O -nitrous O -acid O -to O -yield O -the O -diazonium O -derivative O -which O -may O -covalently O -bind O -at O -the O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -only O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -activities O -of O -the O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduced O -methyl O -viologen O -- O -and O -reduced O -FAD B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrate I-Chemical -reductase O -activities O -which O -do O -not O -utilize O -NADPH B-Chemical -are O -not O -inhibited O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -NADP O -was O -substituted O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -in O -this O -experiment O -, O -the O -enzyme O -remained O -in O -the O -FAD O -- O -protected O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypothesis O -generated O -by O -these O -experiments O -is O -that O -diazotized O -AADP O -binds O -at O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -site O -on O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -and O -reacts O -with O -a O -functional O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -at O -the O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -NADPH B-Chemical -reverses O -this O -protection O -, O -it O -appears O -the O -modifications O -occurring O -are O -oxidation O -- O -reduction O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -characterization O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -esterase O -from O -porcine O -pancreas O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -homogenous O -as O -judged O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -and O -exhibits O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -80 O -000 O -as O -determined O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -electrophoresis O -and O -gel O -filtration O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -oxygen B-Chemical -is O -present O -, O -the O -reaction O -is O -strongly O -inhibited O -, O -until O -in O -a O -very O -slow O -reaction O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -has O -been O -depleted O -. O - -aps B-category -Linoleic O -acid O -, O -the O -substrate O -of O -lipoxygenase O -, O -and O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -interaction O -between O -the O -lipoxygenase O -and O -the O -hydroperoxylinoleic O -acid O -by O -reducing O -the O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -metabolism O -of O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carotene I-Chemical -and O -apo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carotenoids I-Chemical -in O -rats O -and O -chickens O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -5 O -) O -In O -the O -light O -of O -these O -observations O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -during O -conversion O -to O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -, O -the O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carotene I-Chemical -molecule O -is O -simultaneously O -attacked O -by O -the O -dioxygenase O -at O -several O -double O -bonds O -, O -the O -primary O -attack O -being O -at O -the O -central O -double O -bond O -and O -a O -tentative O -scheme O -for O -the O -mechanism O -of O -conversion O -is O -proposed O -. O - -aps B-category -125I O -- O -labeled O -apo O -C O -equilibrated O -between O -very O -low O -and O -high O -density O -lipoprotein O -( O -HDL O -) O -in O -both O -systems O -even O -when O -enzyme O -was O -not O -present O -in O -the O -incubation O -medium O -, O -or O -when O -the O -incubation O -was O -carried O -out O -at O -0 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Upon O -initiation O -of O -lipolysis O -, O -more O -125I O -- O -labeled O -apo O -C O -was O -transferred O -to O -HDL O -and O -the O -transfer O -was O -proportional O -to O -the O -magnitude O -of O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -in O -vitro O -cholesterol B-Chemical -synthesis O -by O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -case O -of O -saturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -the O -inhibitory O -activity O -increased O -with O -chain O -length O -to O -a O -maximum O -at O -11 O -to O -14 O -carbons O -, O -after O -which O -activity O -decreased O -rapidly O -. O - -aps B-category -Introduction O -of O -a O -hydroxy O -group O -at O -the O -alpha O -- O -position O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -abolished O -the O -inhibition O -, O -while O -the O -inhibition O -was O -enhanced O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -hydroxy O -group O -located O -in O -an O -intermediate O -position O -of O -the O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -respect O -to O -the O -mechanism O -for O -inhibition O -, O -tridecanoate O -was O -found O -to O -inhibit O -acetoacetyl O -- O -CoA O -thiolase O -specifically O -without O -affecting O -the O -other O -reaction O -steps O -in O -the O -cholesterol B-Chemical -synthetic O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Biphasic O -nature O -of O -the O -light O -- O -dependent O -transport O -of O -C14 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -into O -Halobacterium O -holobium O -cells O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -value O -with O -p O -- O -nitrophenylphosphate O -as O -substrate O -was O -9 O -. O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -and O -the O -kinetic O -studies O -showed O -no O -possibilities O -of O -control O -by O -allosteric O -transitions O -, O -and O -no O -effect O -of O -metabolites O -( O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -) O -on O -the O -reaction O -velocity O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -monovalent O -cation O -chlorides O -, O -particularly O -cesium O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Co O -- O -oligopeptides O -of O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -glycine B-Chemical -with O -a O -variable O -distance O -between O -the O -aromatic O -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -and O -release O -of O -iron B-Chemical -by O -transferrin O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -after O -incubation O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -or O -various O -polyamines O -, O -large O -amounts O -of O -additional O -coagulant O -material O -, O -including O -thrombin O -, O -appeared O -. O - -aps B-category -G O -- O -6 O -- O -PD O -Long O -Prairie O -: O -a O -new O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -mutant O -exhibiting O -normal O -sensitivity O -to O -inhibition O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -accompanied O -by O -nonspherocytic O -hemolytic O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mutant O -enzyme O -exhibited O -marked O -heat O -instability O -, O -an O -increased O -pH O -optimum O -, O -a O -moderately O -decreased O -Km O -for O -G O -- O -6 O -- O -P O -, O -and O -increased O -utilization O -of O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxyglucose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -deamino O -NADP O -. O - -aps B-category -G O -- O -6 O -- O -PD O -Long O -Prairie O -is O -an O -interesting O -new O -G O -- O -6 O -- O -PD O -variant O -that O -demonstrates O -that O -chronic O -hemolysis O -can O -be O -associated O -with O -modestly O -decreased O -G O -- O -6 O -- O -PD O -activity O -despite O -normal O -sensitivity O -to O -inhibition O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Atenolol O -, O -methyldopa B-Chemical -, O -and O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -in O -moderate O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -reduction O -in O -standing O -blood O -pressures O -obtained O -with O -atenolol B-Chemical -150 O -and O -300 O -mg O -/ O -day O -was O -about O -27 O -/ O -17 O -mm O -Hg O -and O -with O -methyldopa B-Chemical -750 O -and O -1500 O -mg O -/ O -day O -about O -28 O -/ O -14 O -mm O -Hg O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -difference O -was O -observed O -between O -the O -two O -doses O -of O -methyldopa B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -show O -that O -in O -patients O -on O -continuous O -treatment O -with O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -the O -addition O -of O -atenolol B-Chemical -alone O -or O -methyldopa B-Chemical -alone O -or O -of O -atenolol B-Chemical -and O -methyldopa B-Chemical -in O -combination O -is O -effective O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -moderate O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Altogether O -13 O -% O -of O -the O -1528 O -pneumococci O -isolated O -were O -resistant O -to O -tetracycline B-Chemical -, O -but O -there O -were O -wide O -geographical O -variations O -. O - -aps B-category -Vertical O -gaze O -palsy O -in O -barbiturate B-Chemical -intoxication O -. O - -aps B-category -GABA B-Chemical -and O -glycine B-Chemical -transport O -in O -frog O -CNS O -: O -high O -affinity O -uptake O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -evoked I-Chemical -release O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -analysis O -revealed O -two O -distinct O -saturable O -uptake O -systems O -for O -each O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -4 O -CNS O -areas O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -release O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -of O -L O -- O -[ O -3H O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -, O -was O -evoked O -by O -exposure O -to O -medium O -containing O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -in O -a O -concentration O -of O -40 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -importance O -of O -these O -results O -with O -regard O -to O -the O -roles O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -glycine B-Chemical -as O -neurotransmitters O -in O -both O -spinal O -and O -supraspinal O -levels O -of O -the O -amphibian O -neuraxis O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -quantitative O -microfluorimetry O -in O -combination O -with O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -inhibition O -( O -H44 O -/ O -68 O -) O -the O -concentration O -and O -turnover O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -NA O -) O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -was O -studied O -in O -the O -subependymal O -layer O -( O -SEL O -) O -and O -the O -medial O -( O -MPZ O -) O -and O -lateral O -palisade O -zone O -( O -LPZ O -) O -of O -the O -rat O -median O -eminence O -during O -the O -4 O -- O -and O -5 O -- O -day O -vaginal O -estrous O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -17 O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -on O -hypothalamic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -carbohydrate O -metabolism O -during O -acute O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -intoxication O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -initial O -change O -in O -the O -glycolytic O -sequence O -occurred O -at O -2 O -. O -5 O -min O -with O -decreases O -in O -tissue O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -increases O -in O -fructose O -- O -1 O -- O -6 O -- O -diphosphate O -which O -indicated O -an O -activation O -of O -phosphofructokinase O -and O -hexokinase O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -percent O -CO O -resulted O -in O -an O -increasing O -malate B-Chemical -/ O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -ratio O -at O -5 O -min O -, O -followed O -by O -a O -decrease O -in O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -at O -7 O -. O -5 O -min O -which O -suggested O -a O -shift O -in O -the O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -reaction O -towards O -the O -replenishment O -of O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -removed O -via O -the O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -the O -CO O -induced O -changes O -in O -the O -glycolytic O -and O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -cycle O -pathways O -with O -those O -seen O -in O -acute O -hypoxemia O -indicates O -no O -basic O -qualitative O -differences O -in O -the O -metabolic O -responses O -of O -brain O -tissue O -to O -the O -two O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Dissociation O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -uptake O -from O -intracellular O -pH O -in O -Walker O -256 O -carcinosarcoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Alteration O -of O -pHi O -was O -achieved O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -either O -glucose B-Chemical -alone O -or O -together O -with O -oxamic O -acid O -to O -the O -incubation O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -by O -liver O -slices O -appeared O -to O -follow O -a O -pattern O -predictable O -from O -the O -pHi O -and O -the O -pK O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -acidic O -sugar O -, O -3 O -- O -O O -- O -[ O -( O -R O -) O -- O -1 O -- O -carboxyethyl O -] O -- O -L O -- O -rhamnose O -( O -1 O -) O -, O -has O -been O -identified O -as O -a O -constituent O -of O -the O -O O -- O -antigenic O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -of O -Sh O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -previously O -reported O -in O -vivo O -inotropic O -selectivity O -of O -dobutamine B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -compared O -with O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -has O -been O -demonstrated O -in O -anaesthetised O -bivagotamised O -open O -chest O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inotropic O -selectivity O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -but O -not O -that O -of O -dobutamine B-Chemical -was O -abolished O -by O -pretreatment O -of O -dogs O -with O -syrosingopine O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -atria O -incubated O -with O -phenoxybenzamine O -from O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -pretreated O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -only O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -were O -displaced O -to O -the O -right O -indicating O -a O -considerable O -indirect O -sympathomimetic O -component O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -inotropic O -selectivity O -of O -dobutamine B-Chemical -seen O -in O -vivo O -is O -not O -due O -to O -indirect O -activity O -, O -reflex O -effects O -, O -or O -to O -a O -difference O -in O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -mediating O -the O -rate O -and O -tension O -responses O -of O -the O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -Upon O -exposure O -to O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphonacetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -( O -PALA O -) O -, O -a O -transition O -state O -analog O -inhibitor O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -, O -most O -cells O -of O -a O -simian O -virus O -40 O -( O -SV40 O -) O -- O -transformed O -Syrian O -hamster O -line O -are O -killed O -within O -a O -few O -days O -, O -but O -resistant O -mutants O -form O -spontaneously O -with O -frequency O -2 O -- O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -in O -a O -stochastic O -process O -not O -dependent O -upon O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -carbamyl O -- O -P O -synthetase O -and O -dihydroorotase O -, O -which O -co O -- O -purify O -with O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -as O -a O -three O -- O -enzyme O -complex O -, O -increase O -in O -parallel O -with O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -activity O -in O -each O -resistant O -clone O -tested O -, O -but O -there O -is O -no O -substantial O -change O -in O -the O -activities O -of O -the O -last O -three O -enzymes O -of O -the O -de O -novo O -pathway O -, O -which O -are O -not O -in O -this O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -I O -. O -Neuroleptics B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenothiazine I-Chemical -derivatives O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Interactions O -of O -various O -19 O -- O -nor O -steroids B-Chemical -with O -human O -placental O -microsomal O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -( O -P O -- O -450hpm O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -steroids B-Chemical -investigated O -produced O -typical O -type O -I O -binding O -spectra O -when O -added O -to O -placental O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -therefore O -concluded O -that O -no O -definitive O -relationships O -existed O -between O -facilitation O -capacity O -and O -qualitative O -or O -quantitative O -aspects O -of O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -spectra O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -all O -steroids B-Chemical -studied O -that O -lacked O -a O -substitution O -at O -C O -- O -10 O -( O -19 O -- O -nor O -steroids B-Chemical -) O -produced O -a O -facilitating O -effect O -on O -heme O -- O -ligand O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -Evolution O -of O -the O -diffusion O -coefficients O -with O -increasing O -chain O -length O -reflects O -the O -different O -localizations O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diffusion O -rates O -strongly O -depend O -upon O -phase O -hydration O -and O -pH O -: O -it O -is O -shown O -that O -both O -parameters O -control O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -ionization O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemodynamic O -effects O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -, O -an O -alpha O -and O -beta O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -, O -in O -hypertensive O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -infusion O -rate O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -required O -to O -produce O -tachycardia O -was O -increased O -sevenfold O -by O -800 O -mg O -/ O -day O -labetalol B-Chemical -and O -tenfold O -by O -1600 O -mg O -/ O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -Ultraviolet O -spectrometry O -of O -serum O -triglycerides B-Chemical -by O -a O -totally O -enzymic O -method O -adapted O -to O -a O -centrifugal O -analyzer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymic O -hydrolysis O -requires O -10 O -min O -at O -30 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Twenty O -- O -six O -serum O -triglyceride B-Chemical -assays O -can O -be O -done O -in O -about O -30 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -its O -isoenzymes O -in O -serum O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -penicillamine B-Chemical -and O -other O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -artefacts O -were O -apparent O -when O -these O -agents O -were O -used O -without O -preliminary O -adjustment O -of O -pH O -, O -we O -saw O -little O -alteration O -in O -total O -unitage O -when O -one O -or O -two O -volumes O -of O -serum O -was O -mixed O -with O -one O -volume O -of O -any O -of O -several O -thiols B-Chemical -, O -especially O -penicillamine B-Chemical -, O -at O -an O -initial O -concentration O -of O -0 O -. O -4 O -mol O -/ O -liter O -and O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -- O -7 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -longer O -periods O -of O -incubation O -of O -rat O -serum O -with O -penicillamine B-Chemical -or O -alpha O -- O -mercaptosuccinate O -, O -a O -novel O -band O -in O -the O -zymogram O -was O -noted O -just O -above O -the O -LDH O -- O -4 O -peak O -. O - -aps B-category -Sensitive O -reagents O -for O -iron B-Chemical -( O -2 O -, O -4 O -, O -6 O -- O -tripyridyl O -- O -s O -- O -triazine O -) O -and O -copper B-Chemical -( O -disodium O -2 O -, O -9 O -- O -dimethyl O -- O -4 O -, O -7 O -- O -diphenyl O -- O -1 O -, O -10 O -- O -phenanthroline O -disulfonate O -) O -facilitate O -such O -measurement O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -for O -serum O -or O -plasma O -cholesterol B-Chemical -assay O -involving O -amperometric O -measurement O -of O -the O -rate O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -depletion O -in O -the O -cholesterol B-Chemical -oxidase O -- O -catalyzed O -oxidation O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -analyzer O -cell O -contains O -1 O -ml O -of O -1 O -M O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -, O -with O -100 O -mg O -sodium B-Chemical -cholate B-Chemical -/ O -100 O -ml O -and O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -U O -cholesterol B-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -human O -breast O -tumors O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -to O -contaminating O -sex O -hormone O -binding O -globulin O -was O -clearly O -separated O -from O -that O -due O -to O -the O -specific O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -estradiol B-Chemical -receptor O -peak O -of O -radioactivity O -showed O -saturability O -and O -specificity O -characteristic O -of O -an O -intracellular O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -of O -the O -factors O -affecting O -the O -desired O -physical O -characteristics O -and O -antibody O -- O -absorbing O -properties O -of O -the O -imjunoadsorbent O -studied O -were O -: O -plasma O -acidification O -, O -varying O -concentrations O -of O -glutaraldehyde O -, O -addition O -of O -small O -amounts O -of O -formalin B-Chemical -, O -storage O -under O -varying O -conditions O -of O -temperature O -, O -and O -exposure O -to O -preservatives O -in O -the O -wet O -and O -lyophilized O -state O -for O -periods O -up O -to O -2 O -. O -5 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -activity O -is O -reduced O -by O -acid O -and O -alkali B-Chemical -treatment O -and O -destroyed O -by O -the O -proteolytic O -enzyme O -protease O -. O - -aps B-category -Interferon B-Chemical -: O -effects O -on O -the O -immune O -response O -and O -the O -mechanism O -of O -activation O -of O -the O -cellular O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -at O -least O -two O -types O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -immunosuppressive O -effects O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -inducers O -suggests O -that O -interferons O -may O -be O -mediators O -of O -suppressor O -T O -lymphocyte O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -a O -complex O -sequence O -of O -events O -that O -results O -in O -the O -interaction O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -with O -the O -cell O -membrane O -and O -the O -resulting O -production O -of O -the O -antiviral O -state O -in O -the O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -' O -self O -- O -ratings O -were O -very O -similar O -to O -the O -physicians O -' O -ratings O -which O -showed O -that O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -/ O -nortriptyline B-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -significantly O -greater O -overall O -improvement O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -as O -well O -as O -significantly O -greater O -improvements O -in O -the O -group O -of O -symptoms O -specifically O -related O -to O -depression O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -More O -of O -the O -patients O -treated O -with O -lorazepam B-Chemical -had O -to O -be O -excluded O -from O -the O -follow O -- O -up O -because O -of O -failure O -to O -improve O -, O -and O -these O -probably O -represented O -the O -proportion O -( O -19 O -% O -) O -of O -this O -population O -with O -an O -appreciable O -depressive O -element O -to O -their O -illness O -. O - -aps B-category -Physical O -compatibility O -and O -chemical O -stability O -of O -amikacin B-Chemical -sulfate O -in O -large O -- O -volume O -parenteral O -solutions O -- O -part O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -- O -blind O -comparison O -between O -loxapine O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -by O -parenteral O -route O -in O -acute O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -administration O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -on O -left O -ventricular O -performance O -was O -studied O -using O -systolic O -time O -intervals O -in O -nine O -normal O -subjects O -, O -eight O -patients O -with O -stable O -angina O -, O -and O -15 O -patients O -with O -acute O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -produced O -a O -significant O -prolongation O -of O -the O -preejection O -period O -( O -PEP O -) O -corrected O -for O -heart O -rate O -in O -all O -groups O -and O -a O -prolongation O -of O -the O -ratio O -of O -PEP O -to O -left O -ventricular O -ejection O -time O -( O -PEP O -/ O -LVET O -) O -in O -patients O -with O -angina O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -in O -systolic O -time O -intervals O -were O -still O -present O -at O -two O -hours O -after O -injection O -in O -six O -patients O -with O -acute O -myocardial O -infarction O -in O -whom O -an O -infusion O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -followed O -the O -initial O -bolus O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -propranolol B-Chemical -therapy O -along O -prolonged O -the O -PEP O -/ O -LVET O -, O -a O -further O -significant O -prolongation O -followed O -subsequent O -injection O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -were O -sensitive O -to O -fosfomycin O -and O -ampicillin B-Chemical -and O -7 O -to O -gentamicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -association O -of O -fosfomycin O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -or O -ampicillin B-Chemical -was O -also O -studied O -in O -some O -cases O -, O -depending O -on O -whether O -the O -patient O -was O -younger O -or O -older O -than O -2 O -years O -, O -and O -in O -other O -cases O -, O -the O -association O -of O -fosfomycin O -with O -gentamicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17beta I-Chemical -on O -the O -induction O -of O -gonadotropin O -release O -by O -electrical O -stimulation O -of O -the O -hypothalamus O -in O -rhesus O -monkeys O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -depressed O -LH O -response O -to O -MBH O -- O -ES O -after O -48 O -h O -of O -E2 O -( O -100 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -) O -, O -the O -response O -to O -RH O -- O -ES O -was O -not O -inhibited O -by O -this O -E2 O -regimen O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -levels O -approached O -those O -of O -the O -castrate O -animal O -; O -and O -yet O -serum O -levels O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -( O -T O -) O -were O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Estradiol B-Chemical -was O -a O -potent O -inhibitor O -of O -LH O -secretion O -; O -however O -, O -its O -effect O -on O -FSH O -levels O -was O -less O -dramatic O -. O - -aps B-category -Variants O -of O -HTC O -cells O -with O -low O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferinase O -inducibility O -and O -apparently O -normal O -glucorticoid O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -non O -- O -inducing O -cells O -all O -grew O -well O -, O -and O -were O -not O -induced O -even O -by O -unusually O -high O -concentrations O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -are O -the O -first O -cells O -derived O -from O -an O -inducible O -type O -to O -be O -characterized O -as O -having O -normal O -receptor O -while O -becoming O -steroid B-Chemical -resistant O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -effect O -of O -hypophysectomy O -on O -the O -synthesis O -of O -beta O -- O -glucuronidase O -and O -other O -androgen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inducible I-Chemical -enzymes O -in O -mouse O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -hypophysectomy O -did O -not O -alter O -the O -basal O -level O -of O -glucuronidase O -, O -the O -androgen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -accumulation O -of O -kidney O -beta O -- O -glucuronidase O -was O -greatly O -decreased O -in O -hypophysectomized O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucuronidase O -activity O -in O -seven O -other O -organs O -was O -not O -appreciably O -affected O -by O -treatment O -with O -androgens B-Chemical -or O -by O -hypophysectomy O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -subsequent O -administration O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -restored O -much O -of O -this O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -normal O -increase O -in O -activity O -or O -rate O -of O -synthesis O -of O -beta O -- O -glucuronidase O -following O -androgen B-Chemical -administration O -requires O -pituitary O -hormones O -and O -/ O -or O -products O -of O -these O -hormones O -, O -while O -the O -increase O -in O -activity O -of O -enzymes O -like O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -does O -not O -require O -pituitary O -hormones O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -tested O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -neonatal O -treatment O -of O -rats O -with O -testosterone B-Chemical -propionate I-Chemical -( O -TP O -) O -or O -estradiol B-Chemical -benzoate O -( O -EB O -) O -reduces O -the O -uterine O -responsiveness O -to O -estradiol B-Chemical -and O -reduces O -the O -concentration O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -" O -receptor O -" O -before O -puberty O -, O -and O -that O -both O -of O -these O -events O -precede O -the O -onset O -of O -the O -persistent O -estrus O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -subgroup O -of O -rats O -also O -treated O -neonatally O -, O -2 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17beta I-Chemical -was O -injected O -at O -22 O -and O -30 O -days O -of O -age O -and O -uterine O -wiights O -were O -measured O -as O -a O -test O -for O -uterine O -responsiveness O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -neonatally O -administered O -TP O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -either O -the O -concentration O -of O -cytoplasmic O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -sites O -or O -uterine O -responsiveness O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -support O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -neonatal O -EB O -treatment O -may O -directly O -inhibit O -the O -synthesis O -or O -replenishment O -of O -the O -8S O -estradiol B-Chemical -" O -receptor O -" O -prior O -to O -the O -development O -of O -the O -persistent O -estrus O -syndrome O -( O -persistent O -vaginal O -estrus O -, O -anovulation O -and O -polycystic O -ovaries O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Lack O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -effect O -on O -the O -induction O -of O -5 O -- O -aminolevulinate O -synthetase O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -the O -isolated O -perfused O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -( O -40 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -) O -did O -not O -affect O -either O -the O -induction O -of O -these O -enzymes O -or O -the O -intrahepatic O -level O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -Indirect O -evidence O -indicated O -that O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NAD I-Chemical -transhydrogenase O -activity O -might O -also O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -mitochondrial O -pathway O -for O -isocitrate O -oxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -Citrate B-Chemical -, O -via O -isocitrate O -, O -oxidation O -proceeded O -at O -a O -much O -slower O -rate O -suggesting O -that O -aconitase O -activity O -could O -be O -limiting O -in O -the O -oxidation O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -nitrogen B-Chemical -donors O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -, O -can O -be O -used O -by O -these O -enzymes O -; O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -1 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -, O -mucochloric O -and O -mucobromic O -acids O -preferentially O -inhibit O -the O -utilization O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -as O -opposed O -to O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -molar O -excess O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -and O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -effectively O -antagonized O -such O -inhibition O -; O -dialysis O -, O -however O -, O -failed O -to O -reverse O -established O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mode O -of O -action O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -and O -mecillinam O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -UDP O -- O -N O -- O -acetylglucosamine O -( O -UDP O -- O -GlcNAc O -) O -and O -UDP O -- O -N O -- O -acetylmuramyl O -- O -pentapeptide O -( O -UDP O -- O -MurNAc O -- O -pentapeptide O -) O -as O -precursors O -the O -incorporation O -of O -peptidoglycan O -into O -the O -pre O -- O -existing O -cell O -wall O -of O -G O -. O -homari O -was O -inhibited O -to O -an O -extent O -of O -50 O -% O -( O -ID50 O -value O -) O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -0 O -. O -25 O -mug O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -5 O -mug O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -/ O -ml O -the O -incorporation O -of O -peptidoglycan O -formed O -from O -the O -mixture O -of O -UDP O -- O -MurNAc O -- O -Ala O -- O -DGlu O -- O -Lys O -- O -D O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -Ala O -- O -D O -[ O -14C O -] O -Ala O -and O -non O -- O -radioactive O -UDP O -- O -MurNAc O -- O -tetrapeptide O -proceeded O -virtually O -without O -release O -of O -D O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -alanine B-Chemical -by O -transpeptidase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -ID50 O -values O -for O -the O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotics O -are O -similar O -to O -the O -concentrations O -required O -to O -inhibit O -the O -growth O -of O -G O -. O -homari O -to O -an O -extent O -of O -50 O -% O -, O -the O -DD O -- O -carboxypeptidase O -must O -be O -the O -killing O -site O -of O -both O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -and O -mecillinam O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -chemical O -derivative O -of O -bovine O -pancreatic O -ribonuclease O -A O -( O -RNase O -A O -) O -has O -been O -prepared O -by O -reaction O -with O -fluorescein B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isothiocyanate I-Chemical -at O -pH O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -shown O -that O -the O -pK O -of O -the O -fluorescein B-Chemical -group O -can O -be O -used O -as O -an O -index O -of O -protein O -conformation O -to O -monitor O -structural O -changes O -in O -the O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -depolarisation O -was O -absent O -from O -cells O -not O -induced O -for O -sugar O -uptake O -and O -induced O -cells O -did O -not O -show O -it O -with O -substances O -not O -transported O -, O -like O -mannitol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -on O -the O -translatable O -levels O -of O -mRNA O -for O -these O -two O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -oxygenase O -in O -the O -system O -in O -vitro O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -by O -specific O -immunoprecipitation O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dodecylsulfate I-Chemical -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -of O -the O -precipitate O -with O -enzyme O -proteins O -as O -marker O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -higher O -doses O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -( O -20 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -g O -body O -weight O -) O -maximal O -values O -are O -attained O -at O -6 O -h O -, O -tending O -to O -control O -levels O -14 O -h O -after O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -the O -enzyme O -has O -been O -determined O -, O -and O -its O -correspondence O -to O -that O -of O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -alpha O -- O -glucan O -phosphorylases O -from O -other O -sources O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incorporation O -into O -cell O -wall O -takes O -place O -by O -a O -transpeptidation O -reaction O -in O -which O -the O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -sequences O -in O -the O -pre O -- O -existing O -cell O -wall O -function O -as O -donors O -and O -the O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -groups O -of O -the O -lysine O -residues O -in O -the O -newly O -synthesized O -peptidoglycan O -strands O -function O -as O -acceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aerobic O -/ O -anaerobic O -transition O -: O -role O -of O -arginine O -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -enzyme O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Mg2 O -+ O -or O -Mn2 O -+ O -can O -satisfy O -the O -divalent O -ion O -requirement O -while O -ATP O -, O -GTP O -, O -or O -ITP O -can O -serve O -as O -phosphate B-Chemical -donors O -for O -the O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Michaelis O -constant O -for O -fructose O -6 O -phosphate B-Chemical -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -, O -the O -cellular O -pH O -of O -anoxic O -oyster O -tissues O -, O -is O -3 O -. O -5 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -ATP O -and O -arginine O -phosphate B-Chemical -are O -the O -only O -compounds O -found O -to O -inhibit O -the O -adductor O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Ki O -( O -ATP O -) O -decreases O -from O -5 O -. O -0 O -mM O -to O -1 O -. O -3 O -mM O -as O -the O -pH O -decreases O -from O -7 O -. O -9 O -to O -6 O -. O -8 O -, O -whereas O -the O -Ki O -for O -arginine O -phosphate B-Chemical -increases O -from O -1 O -. O -3 O -mM O -to O -4 O -. O -5 O -mM O -for O -the O -same O -pH O -drop O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -anoxia O -, O -the O -depletion O -of O -arginine O -phosphate B-Chemical -reserves O -and O -the O -increase O -in O -AMP O -concentrations O -in O -the O -tissue O -, O -coupled O -with O -the O -increase O -in O -the O -Ki O -for O -arginine O -phosphate B-Chemical -brought O -about O -by O -low O -pH O -conditions O -, O -serves O -to O -activate O -phosphofructokinase O -to O -aid O -maintenance O -of O -anaerobic O -energy O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -enzymic O -reduction O -of O -disulfide O -bonds O -in O -human O -choriogonadotropin O -and O -its O -two O -subunits O -, O -alpha O -and O -beta O -, O -was O -examined O -with O -thioredoxin O -and O -thioredoxin O -reductase O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arabinoheptulosonate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -phe O -) O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -K12 O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arabinoheptulosonate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -phe O -) O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -K12 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -analogues O -of O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -were O -tested O -as O -inhibitors O -of O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arabinoheptolosonate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -phe O -) O -: O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -glycerate O -, O -2 O -- O -phosphoglycerate O -, O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -bisphosphoglycerate O -, O -3 O -- O -methylphosphoenolpyruvate O -, O -3 O -- O -ethylphosphoenolpyruvate O -and O -3 O -, O -3 O -- O -demethylphosphoenolpyruvate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dead O -- O -end O -inhibition O -pattern O -observed O -with O -the O -substrate O -analogue O -2 O -- O -phosphoglycerate O -when O -either O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -or O -erythrose O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -was O -the O -variable O -substrate O -is O -inconsistent O -with O -a O -ping O -- O -pong O -mechanism O -and O -indicates O -that O -the O -reaction O -mechanism O -for O -this O -enzyme O -must O -be O -sequential O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -d I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arabinoheptulosonate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -phe O -) O -from O -escherichia O -coli O -k12 O -. O - -aps B-category -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Phenylalanine I-Chemical -and O -several O -metabolites O -of O -the O -aromatic O -biosynthetic O -pathways O -do O -not O -inhibit O -enzymic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -for O -measuring O -the O -internal O -pH O -in O -illuminated O -chloroplasts O -based O -on O -the O -stimulation O -of O -proton O -uptake O -by O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Predictions O -of O -a O -mathematical O -derivation O -concerning O -the O -dependence O -of O -the O -stimulation O -on O -the O -amine B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -the O -internal O -volume O -, O -the O -pK O -of O -the O -amine B-Chemical -and O -the O -external O -pH O -have O -been O -verified O -experimentally O -. O - -aps B-category -Alternatively O -, O -swelling O -could O -be O -largely O -reduced O -in O -a O -medium O -containing O -potassium B-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -and O -valinomycin O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -is O -presented O -that O -rat O -liver O -microsomal O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -chain O -elongation O -synthesis O -and O -desaturation O -, O -as O -well O -as O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -, O -are O -strongly O -influenced O -by O -thyroid O -hormone O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -triiodothyronine O -- O -induced O -or O -thyroxine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hyperthyroidism O -, O -rat O -liver O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -, O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -microsomal O -chain O -elongation O -and O -desaturation O -reactions O -are O -not O -greatly O -affected O -after O -the O -first O -10 O -days O -of O -treatment O -, O -while O -after O -longer O -intervals O -a O -respective O -increase O -in O -these O -activities O -is O -shown O -of O -up O -to O -87 O -, O -116 O -and O -65 O -% O -after O -22 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -pattern O -of O -synthesized O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -thyrotoxic O -state O -is O -similar O -to O -that O -obtained O -from O -normal O -subcellular O -rat O -fractions O -, O -the O -esterification O -process O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -microsomal O -lipids O -appears O -to O -be O -slightly O -inhibited O -in O -hypothyroid O -rats O -and O -increased O -following O -triiodothyronine O -or O -thyroxine B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -shown O -not O -to O -be O -from O -either O -pancreatic O -or O -bacterial O -origin O -; O -it O -catalyzes O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -short O -- O -and O -medium O -chain O -triglycerides B-Chemical -and O -of O -p O -- O -nitrophenylacetate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -enzyme O -exhibits O -a O -specific O -activity O -of O -8 O -. O -0 O -U O -/ O -mg O -protein O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -and O -contains O -1 O -mol O -biotin B-Chemical -/ O -263000 O -g O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -C O -. O -lipolytica O -enzyme O -, O -unlike O -the O -enzyme O -from O -animal O -tissues O -, O -is O -not O -activated O -by O -citrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -grown O -on O -n O -- O -alkanes O -or O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -exhibit O -a O -lower O -activity O -level O -than O -do O -cells O -grown O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -isotopic O -leucine B-Chemical -incorporation O -studies O -with O -the O -use O -of O -the O -immunoprecipitation O -technique O -have O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -relative O -rate O -of O -synthesis O -of O -the O -enzyme O -in O -oleic O -- O -acid O -- O -grown O -cells O -is O -diminished O -to O -12 O -% O -of O -that O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -grown I-Chemical -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -endogenous O -phosphate B-Chemical -on O -the O -H O -+ O -/ O -Mn2 O -+ O -ratio O -and O -the O -state O -of O -Mn2 O -+ O -in O -the O -mitochondrial O -matrix O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -shown O -by O -high O -- O -resolution O -proton O -magnetic O -resonance O -( O -PMR O -) O -spectroscopy O -and O -circular O -dichroism O -( O -CD O -) O -that O -an O -H2A O -/ O -H2B O -histone O -complex O -exists O -after O -salt B-Chemical -extraction O -of O -these O -histones O -from O -chromatin O -and O -that O -this O -complex O -can O -be O -fully O -renatured O -from O -both O -urea B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -denatured I-Chemical -acid O -- O -extracted O -and O -from O -urea B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -denatured I-Chemical -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -extracted I-Chemical -histones O -. O - -aps B-category -Stopped O -- O -flow O -spectrophotometric O -characterization O -of O -enzymic O -reaction O -intermediates O -in O -the O -anaerobic O -reduction O -of O -pig O -- O -plasma O -benzylamine O -oxidase O -by O -amine B-Chemical -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -indicates O -that O -its O -formation O -is O -preceded O -by O -deprotonation O -of O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -of O -the O -amine B-Chemical -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -the O -spectrally O -modified O -enzyme O -- O -substrate O -complex O -then O -most O -likely O -reflects O -the O -prototropic O -shift O -converting O -an O -amine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyridoxal I-Chemical -Schiff O -- O -base O -obtained O -by O -rapid O -pre O -- O -equilibration O -between O -enzyme O -and O -substrate O -into O -an O -aldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyridoxamine I-Chemical -Schiff O -- O -base O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -in O -the O -neutral O -pH O -range O -the O -thiol B-Chemical -group O -or O -the O -neighbouring O -imidazole O -group O -in O -the O -free O -enzyme O -carries O -one O -proton O -, O -at O -low O -pH O -both O -groups O -do O -so O -, O -whereas O -at O -high O -pH O -neither O -group O -carries O -a O -proton O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -these O -ESR O -signals O -at O -various O -temperatures O -allows O -the O -assignment O -of O -resonances O -to O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfur I-Chemical -centers O -1 O -- O -5 O -that O -have O -been O -described O -in O -other O -organisms O -. O - -aps B-category -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -NADH O -act O -to O -reduce O -the O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfur I-Chemical -centers O -of O -respiratory O -complex O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relaxation O -times O -were O -of O -about O -10 O -mus O -with O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -20 O -- O -100 O -mus O -with O -cacodylate O -and O -1 O -- O -2 O -ms O -with O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -covalently O -linked O -fructosyl O -- O -enzyme O -complex O -was O -isolated O -from O -a O -reaction O -mixture O -of O -enzyme O -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -submitted O -to O -the O -quenching O -effect O -of O -a O -large O -decrease O -of O -the O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Peptic O -digestion O -followed O -by O -pronase O -digestion O -released O -a O -fructosyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -compound O -that O -we O -have O -isolated O -in O -a O -high O -state O -of O -purity O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -the O -trapped O -complex O -with O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -released O -only O -one O -fructosylated O -peptide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -change O -in O -fluorescence O -emission O -at O -520 O -nm O -after O -excitation O -at O -365 O -nm O -was O -used O -to O -investigate O -the O -effect O -of O -pH O -and O -ionic O -strength O -on O -the O -dissociation O -of O -flavin O -cofactors O -from O -microsomal O -NADPH B-Chemical -/ O -cytochrome O -c O -( O -P O -- O -450 O -) O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolism O -in O -vivo O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -peptides O -was O -studied O -in O -the O -mouse O -after O -administration O -of O -loading O -doses O -of O -L O -- O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -2 O -- O -aminobutyrate O -and O -several O -other O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -compounds O -, O -including O -glutathione B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -after O -administration O -of O -a O -tracer O -dose O -of O -L O -- O -gamma O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -glutamyl O -- O -L O -- O -2 O -- O -aminobutyrate O -a O -rapid O -incorporation O -of O -label O -into O -kidney O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -administration O -of O -L O -- O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -2 O -- O -aminobutyrate O -only O -a O -slight O -increase O -in O -liver O -aspartate B-Chemical -and O -pyrrolidone B-Chemical -carboxylate O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -gamma O -- O -Glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -may O -function O -in O -the O -metabolism O -and O -transport O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -and O -other O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -compounds O -in O -a O -manner O -analogous O -to O -the O -function O -of O -dipeptidases O -and O -disaccharidases O -in O -the O -metabolism O -and O -transport O -of O -dipeptides O -and O -disaccharides O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -rate O -and O -the O -low O -activation O -entropy O -( O -organized O -transition O -state O -) O -of O -the O -reaction O -of O -papain O -with O -iodoacetamide O -can O -be O -explained O -in O -terms O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bond I-Chemical -formation O -between O -the O -enzyme O -and O -the O -amide O -group O -of O -the O -alkylating O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -According O -to O -the O -different O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -linewidth O -of O -indole O -NH O -resonances O -to O -pH O -in O -H2O O -solution O -, O -the O -accessibility O -of O -each O -of O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -has O -been O -estimated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -NMR O -data O -obtained O -have O -allowed O -the O -conclusions O -to O -be O -made O -that O -the O -two O -histidine O -residues O -and O -one O -of O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -should O -be O -localized O -on O -the O -surface O -of O -the O -protein O -globule O -, O -that O -arginine O -residues O -should O -be O -present O -in O -the O -environment O -of O -histidine O -4 O -, O -that O -histidine O -31 O -and O -the O -buried O -tryptophan B-Chemical -are O -possibly O -localized O -in O -close O -spatial O -proximity O -and O -that O -the O -side O -chain O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -24 O -is O -buried O -within O -the O -protein O -globule O -. O - -aps B-category -Above O -pH O -7 O -the O -iron B-Chemical -( O -III O -) O -is O -low O -- O -spin O -, O -the O -spin O -crossover O -conforming O -to O -a O -simple O -titration O -curve O -with O -pK O -6 O -. O -3 O -( O -n O -= O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -General O -properties O -and O -key O -role O -in O -the O -interrelations O -between O -concentrations O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -and O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -- O -Methyl O -- O -3 O -- O -isobutylxanthine O -and O -theophylline B-Chemical -blocked O -the O -activation O -by O -cyclic O -GMP O -of O -cyclic O -GMP O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -hydrolysis O -, O -whereas O -Ro O -20 O -- O -1724 O -( O -4 O -- O -( O -3 O -- O -butoxy O -- O -4 O -- O -methoxybenzyl O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -imidazolidinone O -) O -, O -a O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylxanthine I-Chemical -inhibitor O -of O -phosphodiesterases O -, O -did O -not O -alter O -this O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -carbamoylcholine O -was O -blocked O -by O -theophylline B-Chemical -and O -1 O -- O -methyl O -- O -3 O -- O -isobutylxanthine O -, O -but O -not O -by O -Ro O -20 O -- O -1724 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -alkali B-Chemical -on O -the O -circular O -dichroic O -( O -CD O -) O -spectra O -of O -ovine O -lutropin O -and O -its O -subunits O -has O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -evidence O -for O -this O -involvement O -was O -also O -obtained O -by O -a O -comparison O -of O -the O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -changes O -of O -refolded O -lutropin O -( O -alpha O -+ O -beta O -recombinant O -) O -and O -the O -product O -obtained O -by O -recombination O -of O -des O -- O -( O -92 O -- O -- O -96 O -) O -- O -lutropin O -alpha O -( O -obtained O -from O -carboxypeptidase O -treatment O -of O -the O -alpha O -- O -subunit O -) O -and O -lutropin O -beta O -. O - -aps B-category -Lysozyme O -from O -the O -insect O -eggs O -has O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -about O -23200 O -and O -a O -sedimentation O -coefficient O -of O -2 O -. O -4 O -S O -. O -Molecular O -weight O -determination O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dedecylsulphate O -gel O -electrophoresis O -indicates O -that O -the O -molecule O -consists O -of O -a O -single O -polypeptide O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -, O -the O -absorption O -coefficient O -and O -the O -partial O -specific O -volume O -are O -calculated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -electrochemical O -potential O -created O -drives O -the O -accumulation O -of O -scyllo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inositol I-Chemical -, O -as O -shown O -by O -an O -increase O -of O -pH O -of O -the O -medium O -on O -addition O -of O -the O -substrate O -to O -cells O -in O -anaerobiosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -on O -heart O -rate O -( O -HR O -) O -and O -blood O -pressure O -( O -BP O -) O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -terbutaline B-Chemical -, O -applied O -alone O -or O -in O -combinations O -was O -studied O -in O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -combined O -with O -terbutaline B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -while O -metoprolol B-Chemical -combined O -with O -terbutaline B-Chemical -decreased O -BP O -by O -48 O -mm O -Hg O -without O -affecting O -HR O -. O - -aps B-category -Iontophoretic O -studies O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -histamine B-Chemical -antagonists O -in O -the O -feline O -vestibular O -nuclei O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -majority O -of O -the O -cells O -tested O -were O -inhibited O -by O -iontophoresis O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -while O -24 O -% O -were O -excited O -by O -this O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -blocking O -agents O -metiamide O -and O -cimetidine B-Chemical -were O -examined O -as O -to O -their O -actions O -on O -spontaneously O -firing O -cells O -and O -cells O -affected O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -histamine B-Chemical -has O -both O -inhibitory O -and O -excitatory O -actions O -on O -brain O -stem O -neurons O -and O -metiamide O -is O -an O -effective O -antagonist O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Perlapine O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -: O -prediction O -of O -antipsychotic O -efficacy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -perlapine O -, O -a O -sleep O -- O -promoting O -and O -sedative O -agent O -reported O -to O -lack O -antipsychotic O -efficacy O -, O -was O -compared O -in O -this O -system O -to O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -and O -clozapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potency O -of O -perlapine O -was O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -- O -- O -action O -curves O -for O -perlapine O -and O -clozapine B-Chemical -were O -virtually O -identical O -both O -in O -the O -striatum O -and O -in O -the O -tuberculum O -olfactorium O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -mice O -and O -rats O -the O -compound O -exhibited O -marked O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -potentiating O -properties O -both O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -, O -being O -5 O -- O -10 O -times O -as O -active O -as O -chlorimipramine O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rabbits O -this O -effect O -was O -completely O -blocked O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -inhibitor O -, O -p O -- O -chlorophenylalanine O -. O - -aps B-category -Reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -tetrabenazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -ptosis O -and O -tetrabenazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -immobility O -in O -mice O -were O -antagonized O -by O -relatively O -low O -doses O -of O -existing O -tricyclic O -thymoleptics O -, O -whereas O -Lu O -10 O -- O -171 O -was O -very O -weak O -in O -this O -respect O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -this O -compound O -might O -be O -a O -useful O -agent O -in O -studying O -the O -role O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -neurone O -systems O -in O -the O -control O -of O -mood O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -and O -atropine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -on O -gastric O -secretion O -and O -healing O -of O -gastric O -and O -duodenal O -ulcers O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -( O -100 O -or O -200 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -) O -given O -for O -10 O -or O -12 O -consecutive O -days O -orally O -in O -two O -divided O -doses O -, O -significantly O -promoted O -the O -healing O -rate O -of O -both O -gastric O -and O -duodenal O -ulcers O -induced O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Relaxation O -of O -coronary O -artery O -strips O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -and O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -acidosis O -of O -pH O -7 O -. O -05 O -significantly O -diminished O -the O -maximal O -tension O -with O -full O -Ca2 O -+ O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -adenosine B-Chemical -inhibits O -Ca2 O -+ O -influx O -, O -whereas O -acidosis O -depresses O -the O -contractile O -process O -of O -vascular O -smooth O -muscle O -directly O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Optimal O -conditions O -for O -extracting O -physostigmine B-Chemical -from O -aqueious O -solutions O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -Howrah O -District O -in O -India O -, O -three O -clinics O -- O -- O -one O -in O -each O -of O -the O -urban O -, O -slum O -, O -and O -rural O -areas O -of O -the O -city O -- O -- O -were O -initiated O -by O -the O -Humanity O -Association O -of O -Howrah O -in O -November O -of O -1968 O -to O -supply O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -( O -OCs O -) O -to O -women O -from O -15 O -to O -45 O -years O -of O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -net O -cumulative O -one O -- O -year O -continuation O -rate O -for O -women O -who O -had O -a O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -T I-Chemical -inserted O -by O -a O -midwife O -is O -significantly O -lower O -than O -for O -women O -who O -had O -a O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -T I-Chemical -inserted O -by O -a O -doctor O -there O -are O -no O -significant O -differences O -between O -the O -one O -- O -year O -event O -rates O -for O -the O -two O -groups O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -milligrams O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -were O -injected O -intraamniotically O -in O -8 O -mothers O -prior O -to O -therapeutic O -abortion O -between O -12 O -and O -19 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -in O -the O -amniotic O -fluid O -12 O -to O -18 O -hours O -after O -the O -injection O -was O -no O -longer O -significantly O -higher O -than O -in O -the O -maternal O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -feto O -- O -maternal O -ratio O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -was O -of O -same O -magnitude O -as O -after O -the O -intramuscular O -application O -to O -the O -mother O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -treatment O -of O -a O -fetus O -with O -drugs O -having O -properties O -similar O -to O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -intra O -- O -amniotic O -administration O -is O -no O -better O -than O -intramuscular O -administration O -to O -the O -mother O -. O - -aps B-category -Surgical O -extirpation O -of O -infected O -tissue O -in O -combination O -with O -penicillin B-Chemical -offers O -the O -best O -therapeutic O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -the O -serum O -iron B-Chemical -/ O -T O -. O -I O -. O -B O -. O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -type O -of O -anaemia O -was O -more O -common O -in O -multiparous O -women O -and O -more O -frequent O -in O -the O -first O -and O -second O -trimesters O -of O -pregnancy O -, O -There O -is O -, O -therefore O -, O -a O -strong O -indication O -for O -the O -routine O -administration O -of O -iron B-Chemical -supplements O -to O -our O -women O -during O -pregnancy O -and O -the O -puerperium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -continuous O -, O -low O -- O -dose O -progestagen B-Chemical -therapy O -on O -endogenous O -oestrogen B-Chemical -production O -and O -ovulation O -in O -women O -, O -was O -investigated O -in O -terms O -of O -vaginal O -cytology O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -show O -that O -in O -patients O -who O -have O -used O -the O -preparation O -for O -a O -maximum O -of O -three O -months O -, O -cyclic O -oestrogen B-Chemical -production O -varies O -only O -slightly O -, O -the O -mean O -being O -within O -the O -lower O -limit O -of O -normal O -and O -suggesting O -FSH O -suppression O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -intravenous O -calcitonin B-Chemical -on O -water O -, O -electrolyte O -, O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -movement O -across O -in O -vivo O -rabbit O -jejunum O -and O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -Rabbits O -were O -divided O -into O -four O -groups O -: O -those O -receiving O -( O -1 O -) O -saline O -intravenously O -while O -a O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -isotonic O -saline O -solution O -perfused O -the O -jejunum O -and O -ileum O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -calcitonin B-Chemical -intravenously O -while O -the O -same O -intestinal O -perfusate O -was O -used O -as O -in O -group O -1 O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -intravenous O -saline O -while O -10 O -mM O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isotonic I-Chemical -saline O -solution O -perfused O -jejunum O -and O -ileum O -; O -and O -( O -4 O -) O -intravenous O -calcitonin B-Chemical -while O -the O -intestinal O -perfusate O -was O -of O -the O -same O -composition O -as O -in O -group O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -influence O -on O -calcium B-Chemical -movement O -was O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -these O -studies O -demonstrate O -the O -usefulness O -of O -the O -rabbit O -as O -an O -animal O -model O -with O -which O -to O -investigate O -further O -the O -effects O -of O -calcitonin B-Chemical -upon O -intestinal O -fluid O -and O -electrolyte O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -showed O -in O -previous O -studies O -that O -pro O -pranolol O -produced O -a O -pressor O -action O -in O -the O -rat O -, O -and O -that O -this O -action O -was O -also O -observed O -in O -the O -spinal O -rat O -infused O -with O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -a O -mixture O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -and O -vasopressin B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -with O -vasopression O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -the O -blood O -pressure O -in O -guinea O -pigs O -and O -rabbits O -with O -a O -reduced O -vasoconstrictive O -tone O -in O -the O -peripheral O -vascular O -beds O -with O -alpha O -- O -blockade O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -propranolol B-Chemical -produces O -a O -marked O -pressor O -action O -when O -peripheral O -vessels O -are O -maintained O -in O -conditions O -with O -an O -appropriate O -constrictive O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptive O -vasodilator O -tone O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -MS4101 O -on O -emotional O -behaviour O -in O -untamed O -cats O -were O -studied O -and O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -ID50 O -( O -50 O -% O -of O -inhibition O -dose O -) O -of O -offensive O -behaviour O -for O -MS4101 O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -was O -2 O -. O -40 O -( O -1 O -. O -95 O -approximately O -2 O -. O -95 O -) O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -ID50 O -of O -defensive O -behaviour O -for O -MS4101 O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -was O -3 O -. O -00 O -( O -2 O -. O -46 O -approximately O -3 O -. O -66 O -) O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -was O -more O -effective O -than O -MS4101 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -administration O -of O -MS4101 O -and O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -in O -doses O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -ox O -brain O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -( O -phosphate B-Chemical -) O -glycohydrolase O -. O - -aps B-category -Upon O -addition O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -, O -urea B-Chemical -, O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -to O -urines O -and O -broth O -, O -pH O -proved O -to O -be O -the O -major O -killing O -factor O -, O -but O -urea B-Chemical -and O -NaCl B-Chemical -were O -also O -bactericidal O -. O - -aps B-category -Crude O -undialyzed O -elastase O -was O -best O -detected O -when O -the O -medium O -contained O -either O -agarose O -and O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -calcium B-Chemical -or O -purified O -agar O -without O -additional O -additives O -. O - -aps B-category -Octopamine O -and O -some O -related O -noncatecholic O -amines B-Chemical -in O -invertebrate O -nervous O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutathione O -metabolism O -and O -some O -possible O -functions O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -in O -the O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Fetal O -side O -effects O -can O -occur O -by O -maternal O -ingestion O -of O -nuroleptic O -medications O -, O -lithium B-Chemical -, O -antidepressants B-Chemical -, O -anxiolytic O -sedatives O -, O -anticonvulsants O -, O -and O -bromides O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -uricine O -with O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -its O -effect O -on O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -precipitation O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -binds O -to O -the O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -as O -shown O -by O -gel O -chromatography O -, O -at O -constant O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -elution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -uricine I-Chemical -aggregates O -may O -be O -separated O -by O -high O -speed O -sucrose B-Chemical -centrifugation O -gradients O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -investigate O -how O -lead B-Chemical -, O -when O -used O -as O -trapping O -agent O -, O -influences O -the O -ATP O -hydrolysis O -and O -to O -study O -how O -ATP O -is O -catalyzed O -in O -histochemical O -systems O -, O -homogenized O -secretory O -enamel O -organs O -were O -incubated O -in O -histochemical O -[ O -3H O -] O -- O -ATP O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -lead B-Chemical -caused O -an O -additional O -8 O -% O -hydrolysis O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -and O -an O -additional O -20 O -% O -hydrolysis O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -homogenate O -- O -containing O -lead B-Chemical -media O -, O -at O -both O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -AND O -9 O -. O -4 O -, O -ATP O -was O -rapidly O -hydrolyzed O -primarily O -to O -ADP O -and O -subsequently O -to O -AMP O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -inosine O -. O - -aps B-category -Inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -liberated O -almost O -linearly O -during O -the O -whole O -incubation O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -effects O -on O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -excess O -lactate B-Chemical -in O -relation O -to O -O2 O -deficit O -in O -hypoxic O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -test O -this O -idea O -, O -50 O -anesthetized O -( O -30 O -ml O -/ O -kg O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -) O -and O -paralyzed O -dogs O -in O -five O -groups O -were O -ventilated O -with O -low O -O2 O -mixtures O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyruvate O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -levels O -rose O -at O -rates O -roughly O -corresponding O -to O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -XL O -may O -correct O -for O -red O -cell O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -which O -is O -not O -affected O -by O -O2 O -supply O -but O -is O -influenced O -by O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Systematic O -analysis O -of O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -benzyloxycarbonyl O -( O -Cbz O -) O -- O -dipeptides O -by O -cathepsin O -A O -[ O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -12 O -. O -1 O -] O -purified O -from O -rat O -liver O -lysosomes O -showed O -that O -multiple O -forms O -of O -cathepsin O -A O -preferentially O -cleave O -peptide O -bonds O -with O -leucine B-Chemical -, O -methionine B-Chemical -, O -and O -phenylalanine O -. O - -aps B-category -Peptide O -hormones O -, O -such O -as O -glucagon O -and O -adrenocorticotropic O -hormone O -( O -ACTH B-Chemical -) O -were O -hydrolyzed O -markedly O -with O -optimum O -pH O -' O -s O -of O -4 O -. O -5 O -and O -4 O -. O -6 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -insulin O -and O -its O -A O -chain O -, O -luteinizing O -hormone O -- O -releasing O -hormone O -( O -LH O -- O -RH O -) O -, O -oxytocin B-Chemical -and O -vasopressin B-Chemical -were O -cleaved O -slowly O -. O - -aps B-category -Vaso O -- O -activites O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -and O -bradykinin B-Chemical -were O -rapidly O -lost O -on O -hydrolysis O -by O -cathepsin O -A O -. O -Lysosomal O -cathepsin O -C O -[ O -dipeptidylaminopeptidase O -I O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -14 O -. O -1 O -] O -also O -activated O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -, O -but O -did O -not O -inactive O -bradykinin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -erythrocyte O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -has O -been O -purified O -approximately O -800 O -, O -000 O -- O -fold O -to O -apparent O -homogeneity O -using O -antibody O -affinity O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -properties O -of O -the O -highly O -purified O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -including O -pH O -optimum O -, O -Km O -for O -substrate O -, O -Ki O -for O -product O -, O -Stokes O -radius O -, O -sedimentation O -coefficient O -, O -and O -apparent O -substrate O -specificity O -were O -identical O -with O -the O -properties O -observed O -with O -an O -impure O -preparation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -new O -hemoprotein O -is O -not O -appreciably O -reduced O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dithionite O -alone O -within O -a O -few O -minutes O -, O -but O -, O -it O -is O -easily O -reduced O -by O -dithionite O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -methyl O -viologen O -and O -also O -by O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -when O -CO O -is O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -product O -formed O -from O -beta O -- O -alanyl O -- O -CoA O -and O -acetoacetate O -is O -a O -neutral O -beta O -- O -keto O -acid O -, O -presumably O -3 O -- O -keto O -- O -5 O -- O -aminopentanoic O -acid O -; O -its O -borohydride O -reduction O -product O -was O -partially O -characterized O -as O -a O -hydroxy B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -by O -various O -chromatographic O -and O -ion O -exchange O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -Tracer O -experiments O -have O -shown O -that O -carbon B-Chemical -atoms O -1 O -and O -2 O -of O -acetoacetate O -are O -derived O -from O -carbon B-Chemical -atoms O -1 O -and O -2 O -of O -3 O -- O -keto O -- O -5 O -- O -aminohexanoate O -whereas O -carbon B-Chemical -atoms O -3 O -and O -4 O -are O -derived O -from O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -14C O -- O -labeled O -lipid O -- O -linked O -oligosaccharides O -from O -GDP O -- O -D O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -mannose O -and O -pancreatic O -dolichyl O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -mannopyranosyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -labeled O -lipid O -- O -bound O -oligosaccharides O -were O -retained O -on O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -more O -strongly O -than O -synthetic O -dolichyl O -alpha O -- O -D O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -mannopyranosyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hot O -alkali B-Chemical -treatment O -yielded O -a O -mixture O -of O -neutral O -and O -acidic O -14C O -- O -labeled O -oligosaccharides O -which O -could O -be O -transformed O -into O -neutral O -products O -by O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -products O -formed O -from O -dolichyl O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -mannopyranosyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -were O -identical O -with O -those O -formed O -from O -GDP O -- O -D O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -mannose O -, O -and O -evidence O -was O -obtained O -to O -show O -that O -the O -dolichyl O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -mannopyranosyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -serving O -as O -donor O -without O -prior O -conversion O -to O -GDP O -- O -D O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -mannose O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -carbohydrate O -composition O -of O -the O -lipid O -- O -bound O -oligosaccharides O -of O -microsomal O -membranes O -was O -investigated O -by O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -and O -by O -reduction O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -borotritide O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -on O -cross O -- O -linking O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggested O -that O -the O -accessibility O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -to O -most O -aldehydes O -formed O -during O -cross O -- O -link O -synthesis O -might O -be O -limited O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -reported O -in O -previous O -studies O -in O -vivo O -, O -allysine O -content O -increased O -and O -polyfunctional O -cross O -- O -link O -synthesis O -decreased O -with O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -also O -suggest O -a O -mechanism O -for O -the O -relative O -insensitivity O -of O -tissues O -such O -as O -bone O -with O -high O -hydroxylysine O -content O -to O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -affinity O -columns O -were O -prepared O -in O -two O -steps O -: O -( O -a O -) O -direct O -reductive O -amination O -of O -the O -disaccharide O -and O -aminoethyl O -gel O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -cyanoborohydride O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -at O -pH O -9 O -; O -( O -b O -) O -N O -- O -acetylation O -of O -excess O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -quenching O -of O -liver O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -protein O -fluorescence O -at O -alkaline O -pH O -indicates O -two O -conformational O -states O -of O -the O -enzyme O -with O -a O -pKa O -of O -9 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -, O -shifted O -to O -10 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -in O -D2O O -. O - -aps B-category -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -P O -- O -450 O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -membrane O -protein O -contains O -31 O -mol O -per O -cent O -hydrophobic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -, O -6 O -half O -- O -cystine O -residues O -, O -and O -a O -single O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residue O -as O -determined O -by O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -after O -mineral O -or O -organic O -acid O -hydrolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Molecular O -weight O -estimates O -from O -sedimentation O -equilibrium O -studies O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -guanidine O -hydrochloride O -( O -76 O -, O -500 O -) O -are O -consistent O -with O -those O -determined O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -at O -various O -per O -cent O -gel O -concentrations O -( O -79 O -, O -000 O -to O -80 O -, O -000 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -yeast O -- O -derived O -enzyme O -also O -differed O -from O -the O -mammalian O -in O -terms O -of O -molecular O -weight O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -, O -pH O -optimum O -, O -effect O -of O -monovalent O -cations O -, O -and O -stability O -characteristics O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -kinetic O -studies O -demonstrate O -that O -the O -anionic O -detergent O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -taurocholate O -, O -and O -the O -acidic O -phospholipid O -, O -phosphatidylinositol O -, O -both O -stimulate O -glucocerebrosidase O -activity O -to O -a O -larger O -extent O -than O -the O -activator O -substance O -from O -Gaucher O -spleen O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -the O -same O -methionine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfur I-Chemical -: O -heme B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iron I-Chemical -: O -imidazole B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -hemochrome O -structure O -observed O -by O -x O -- O -ray O -crystallography O -in O -four O -of O -the O -seven O -c O -- O -type O -eukaryotic O -and O -prokaryotic O -cytochromes O -examined O -, O -and O -the O -occurrence O -of O -the O -characteristic O -695 O -nm O -absorption O -band O -correlated O -with O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -methionine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfur I-Chemical -: O -heme B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iron I-Chemical -axial O -ligand O -in O -all O -seven O -proteins O -, O -they O -fall O -into O -two O -distinct O -classes O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -their O -EPR O -and O -optical O -spectra O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -confirms O -that O -the O -g1 O -= O -3 O -. O -06 O -and O -g1 O -= O -3 O -. O -2 O -forms O -contain O -the O -methionine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfur I-Chemical -: O -heme B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iron I-Chemical -axial O -ligand O -while O -the O -g1 O -= O -3 O -. O -4 O -and O -the O -g1 O -= O -3 O -. O -6 O -forms O -do O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -a O -comparison O -of O -the O -EPR O -and O -optical O -spectral O -characteristics O -of O -these O -groups O -of O -cytochromes O -with O -model O -compounds O -, O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -difference O -between O -them O -is O -due O -to O -a O -change O -in O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonding O -or O -perhaps O -even O -in O -the O -protonation O -of O -N O -- O -1 O -of O -the O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bound I-Chemical -histidine O -imidazole O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phosphorylation O -of O -pig O -liver O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -by O -cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -- O -dependent O -protein O -kinase O -has O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Variation O -of O -the O -concentration O -of O -ATP O -resulted O -in O -approximately O -straight O -lines O -in O -Lineweaver O -- O -Burk O -plots O -for O -the O -phosphorylation O -of O -both O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -and O -mixed O -histone O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -a O -high O -ionic O -strength O -, O -the O -phosphorylation O -rate O -of O -both O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -and O -histone O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -8 O -. O -5 O -, O -the O -phosphorylation O -rate O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -was O -3 O -. O -5 O -times O -the O -rate O -at O -pH O -7 O -, O -while O -the O -corresponding O -increase O -for O -the O -histone O -phosphorylation O -was O -50 O -per O -cent O -. O - -aps B-category -Arrhenius O -' O -plots O -of O -the O -protein O -kinase O -reaction O -resulted O -in O -a O -break O -at O -about O -10 O -degrees O -when O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -was O -used O -as O -substrate O -, O -whereas O -a O -straight O -line O -was O -obtained O -when O -using O -histone O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -conformations O -adopted O -by O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -allosteric O -inhibitors O -make O -it O -a O -better O -substrate O -for O -the O -protein O -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -energy O -- O -conserving O -pyruvate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -to I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -pathway O -in O -Entamoeba O -histolytica O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyruvate O -synthase O -catalyzes O -the O -reaction O -: O -pyruvate B-Chemical -+ O -CoA O -leads O -to O -CO2 O -+ O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -+ O -2E O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -postulated O -that O -in O -bacteria O -- O -grown O -amebae O -electrons O -generated O -at O -the O -pyruvate B-Chemical -synthase O -step O -are O -utilized O -anaerobically O -to O -produce O -H2 O -via O -the O -hydrogenase O -and O -that O -the O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -is O -converted O -to O -acetate O -in O -an O -energy O -- O -conserving O -step O -catalyzed O -by O -amebal O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -enzyme O -exhibits O -a O -positive O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Schiff I-Chemical -stain O -, O -suggesting O -that O -it O -is O -a O -glycoprotein O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -on O -the O -absence O -of O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -reagents O -under O -appropriate O -conditions O -generates O -a O -second O -alpha O -- O -L O -- O -fucosidase O -activity O -band O -on O -gels O -corresponding O -to O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -approximately O -40 O -, O -000 O -to O -50 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -carbohydrate O -composition O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Investigation O -of O -the O -subunit O -interactions O -in O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -shift O -in O -equilibrium O -has O -been O -correlated O -with O -the O -increased O -rate O -and O -specificity O -of O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -residue O -modification O -with O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -0 O -( O -Gregory O -, O -E O -. O -M O -. O -, O -Yost O -, O -F O -. O -J O -. O -, O -Jr O -. O -, O -Rohrbach O -, O -M O -. O -S O -. O -, O -and O -Harrison O -, O -J O -. O -H O -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -either O -of O -the O -above O -mentioned O -enzymes O -, O -porcine O -cytoplasmic O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -did O -not O -dissociate O -into O -its O -monomeric O -form O -under O -any O -conditions O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -( O -gamma O -- O -GTP O -) O -is O -suggested O -to O -act O -as O -a O -carrier O -in O -the O -group O -translocation O -of O -oligopeptides O -and O -possibly O -some O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -across O -cellular O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -most O -group O -translocation O -systems O -previously O -described O -, O -substrate O -- O -product O -reutilization O -by O -gamma O -- O -GTP O -would O -not O -be O -expected O -to O -accumulate O -peptides O -against O -a O -concentration O -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -kinetic O -and O -topological O -evidence O -support O -the O -suggestion O -that O -repetitive O -transfer O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -moieties O -by O -gamma O -- O -GTP O -could O -occur O -during O -group O -translocation O -of O -peptides O -and O -possibly O -some O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -appropriate O -variation O -of O -the O -pH O -and O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -mobile O -phase O -, O -it O -is O -possible O -to O -resolve O -all O -of O -the O -peptides O -investigated O -and O -their O -by O -- O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -suggested O -previously O -that O -chlorpropamide B-Chemical -and O -other O -hypoglycemic O -sulfonylureas B-Chemical -interfere O -with O -hepatic O -triglyceride B-Chemical -breakdown O -. O - -aps B-category -Ketogenesis O -from O -endogenous O -lipids O -was O -inhibited O -by O -1 O -mM O -chlorpropamide B-Chemical -, O -while O -ketone B-Chemical -production O -from O -exogenous O -oleate O -did O -not O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -liver O -perfusion O -experiments O -, O -1 O -mM O -chlorpropamide B-Chemical -enhanced O -the O -incorporation O -of O -tritium O -into O -triglycerides B-Chemical -( O -but O -not O -other O -lipid O -classes O -) O -and O -increased O -both O -liver O -triglyceride B-Chemical -content O -and O -triglyceride B-Chemical -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Chlorpropamide B-Chemical -, O -tolbutamide O -, O -and O -carbutamide O -, O -all O -of O -which O -inhibited O -endogenous O -ketogenesis O -in O -isolated O -liver O -cells O -, O -also O -inhibited O -lysosomal O -triglyceride B-Chemical -lipase O -activity O -in O -rat O -liver O -homogenates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduction O -in O -endogenous O -ketogenesis O -, O -the O -enhanced O -accumulation O -of O -liver O -triglycerides B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -stimulation O -of O -hepatic O -triglyceride B-Chemical -output O -by O -chlorpropamide B-Chemical -are O -ascribed O -to O -an O -interference O -of O -the O -drug O -with O -hepatic O -triglyceride B-Chemical -breakdown O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -basis O -for O -the O -aberrant O -catecholamine B-Chemical -responsiveness O -of O -the O -adenylate O -cyclase O -of O -adrenocortical O -carcinoma O -494 O -was O -explored O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adenylate O -cyclase O -of O -normal O -adrenal O -tissue O -was O -unresponsive O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenergic O -agonists O -competed O -for O -the O -binding O -sites O -in O -an O -order O -of O -potency O -, O -[ O -( O -- O -) O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -( O -- O -) O -epinephrine B-Chemical -( O -- O -) O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -] O -, O -paralleling O -their O -order O -of O -potency O -as O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonists O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonist O -, O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -several O -catecholamine B-Chemical -metabolites O -and O -precursors O -did O -not O -effectively O -compete O -for O -the O -binding O -sites O -at O -high O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -specially O -designed O -tablet O -dosage O -form O -of O -the O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -clorazepate O -dipotassium O -( O -Tranxene O -) O -was O -developed O -for O -once O -- O -a O -- O -day O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Bronchodilating O -activity O -of O -an O -H1 O -blocker O -, O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -10 O -subjects O -with O -allergic O -asthma O -, O -forced O -expiratory O -flows O -( O -FEF O -) O -were O -recorded O -on O -different O -days O -, O -at O -comparable O -baseline O -values O -, O -before O -and O -up O -to O -5 O -hr O -after O -administration O -of O -8 O -mg O -per O -os O -( O -po O -) O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -, O -10 O -mg O -iv O -CP O -( O -repeated O -twice O -) O -, O -5 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -iv O -aminophylline B-Chemical -, O -and O -30 O -mg O -po O -butabarbital O -as O -well O -as O -during O -a O -day O -without O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -six O -subjects O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -( O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -vs O -. O -saline O -solution O -) O -confirmed O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -the O -doses O -administered O -in O -the O -open O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -two O -subjects O -, O -log O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -to O -2 O -. O -5 O -, O -5 O -. O -0 O -, O -and O -10 O -. O -0 O -mg O -iv O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -were O -obtained O -by O -using O -FEV1 O -, O -FEF50 O -% O -, O -and O -FEF25 O -% O -- O -75 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Withing O -the O -dose O -range O -used O -, O -bronchodilatation O -to O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -and O -aminophylline B-Chemical -administered O -intravenously O -was O -best O -detected O -by O -FEV1 O -, O -FEF50 O -% O -, O -and O -FEF25 O -% O -- O -75 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Cryostate O -sections O -of O -the O -rat O -stomach O -fundus O -were O -incubated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -uridine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphate O -- O -[ O -3H O -] O -- B-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dichlorotriazinylaminofluorescein O -( O -DTAF O -) O -, O -the O -product O -of O -the O -reaction O -of O -aminofluorescein O -with O -cyanuric O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -is O -an O -effective O -reagent O -for O -conjugating O -fluorescein B-Chemical -to O -immunnoglobulins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -virus O -immunoadsorbent O -was O -used O -repeatedly O -under O -high O -ionic O -strength O -alkali B-Chemical -buffer O -and O -acid O -conditions O -without O -altering O -appreciably O -its O -antibody O -binding O -capacity O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -iodide O -as O -an O -eluting O -agent O -has O -proved O -most O -effective O -in O -recovery O -of O -active O -and O -stable O -antibodies O -from O -the O -agarosebound O -virus O -. O - -aps B-category -Alterations O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ketoreductase I-Chemical -activity O -in O -proliferating O -skin O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -activity O -is O -localized O -in O -the O -high O -speed O -supernatant O -fraction O -, O -indicating O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -active O -PGE2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ketoreductase I-Chemical -associated O -with O -the O -cytoplasmic O -fraction O -of O -the O -skin O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubations O -of O -the O -105 O -, O -000 O -g O -supernatant O -fractions O -from O -normal O -and O -EFA O -- O -deficient O -rats O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -PGE2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ketoreductase I-Chemical -was O -elevated O -in O -high O -speed O -preparations O -from O -EFA O -- O -deficient O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydroxylation O -of O -5beta O -- O -cholestane O -- O -3alpha O -, O -7alpha O -, O -12alpha O -, O -25 O -- O -tetrol O -by O -the O -rat O -liver O -microsomal O -fraction O -fortified O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -was O -stimulated O -about O -two O -- O -fold O -by O -administration O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -side O -- O -chain O -hydroxylase O -activities O -were O -not O -affected O -in O -animals O -deprived O -of O -food O -for O -48 O -hr O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -isoniazid B-Chemical -is O -mainly O -known O -and O -used O -for O -its O -antituberculous O -properties O -, O -it O -is O -also O -a O -lathyrogenic O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -placental O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -149 O -, O -570 O -- O -575 O -) O -reported O -that O -the O -erythropoietin O -excretion O -in O -two O -anaemic O -patients O -increased O -17 O -and O -3 O -. O -5 O -- O -fold O -, O -respectively O -, O -during O -the O -production O -of O -alkaline O -urine O -by O -the O -administration O -of O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rhodanese O -from O -Thiobacillus O -A2 O -: O -catalysis O -of O -reactions O -of O -thiosulphate B-Chemical -with O -dihydrolipoate O -and O -dihydrolipoamide O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -the O -first O -demonstration O -of O -catalysis O -by O -a O -thiobacillus O -rhodanese O -of O -reactions O -which O -are O -likely O -to O -be O -physiologically O -important O -in O -the O -oxidative O -dissimilation O -of O -thiosulphate B-Chemical -by O -a O -central O -energy O -- O -conserving O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -Azotobacter O -beijerinckii O -was O -grown O -in O -ammonia B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -glucose B-Chemical -/ O -mineral O -salts O -media O -in O -chemostat O -culture O -under O -oxygen B-Chemical -or O -nitrogen B-Chemical -limitation O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -dissolved O -oxygen B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -used O -for O -the O -nitrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -steady O -state O -to O -investigate O -the O -possible O -effects O -of O -respiratory O -protection O -of O -nitrogenase O -on O -these O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -- O -Ketothiolase O -and O -acetoacetyl O -- O -CoA O -reductase O -levels O -decreased O -as O -oxygen B-Chemical -limitation O -was O -relaxed O -. O - -aps B-category -Imposition O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -limitation O -on O -a O -nitrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -culture O -caused O -an O -immediate O -increase O -in O -the O -NADH O -/ O -NAD O -ratio O -but O -this O -rapidly O -readjusted O -to O -its O -previous O -steady O -- O -state O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -Separation O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -of O -Coprinus O -cinereus O -on O -polyacrylamide O -gels O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -its O -optimal O -PO2 O -for O -growth O -on O -N2 O -, O -S O -. O -lipoferum O -assimilated O -8 O -to O -10 O -mg O -nitrogen B-Chemical -/ O -g O -carbon B-Chemical -substrate O -used O -; O -its O -efficiency O -was O -less O -at O -higher O -PO2 O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Central O -dopaminergic O -and O -serotoninergic O -systems O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -adrenal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -concentrations O -of O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -and O -their O -metabolites O -in O -two O -types O -of O -pyrogen O -- O -induced O -fever O -in O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -Maternal O -and O -early O -postnatal O -malnutrition O -and O -transmitter O -amines B-Chemical -in O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -repeated O -D O -- O -lysergic O -acid O -diethylamide O -injections O -on O -catecholamine B-Chemical -levels O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -rat O -brain O -regions O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -gases O -, O -pH O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -were O -estimated O -in O -arterial O -and O -venous O -sinus O -blood O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnesium B-Chemical -or O -calcium B-Chemical -at O -concentrations O -above O -1 O -mM O -caused O -cell O -- O -to O -- O -cell O -adhesion O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -dietary O -pH O -on O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -utilization O -and O -the O -lysine O -requirement O -of O -fingerling O -channel O -catfish O -. O - -aps B-category -Growth O -studies O -, O -utilizing O -a O -24 O -% O -crude O -protein O -diet O -containing O -an O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -pattern O -similar O -to O -whole O -egg O -protein O -, O -indicate O -that O -the O -lysine O -requirement O -for O -fingerling O -channel O -catfish O -is O -about O -1 O -. O -23 O -% O -of O -the O -diet O -( O -dry O -weight O -basis O -) O -or O -5 O -. O -1 O -% O -of O -the O -dietary O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -liver O -contains O -a O -high O -concentration O -( O -7 O -- O -8mM O -) O -of O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -and O -its O -level O -changes O -rapidly O -when O -starving O -or O -feeding O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -starved O -rats O -were O -fed O -a O -protein O -- O -free O -diet O -, O -the O -increase O -in O -liver O -glutathione B-Chemical -was O -dependent O -on O -the O -amount O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -added O -to O -the O -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suppression O -of O -the O -increase O -in O -glutathione B-Chemical -was O -observed O -much O -more O -clearly O -when O -the O -gelatin O -diet O -was O -fortified O -with O -tryptophan B-Chemical -in O -addition O -to O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -excess O -cysteine B-Chemical -to O -the O -diet O -masked O -the O -effects O -of O -gelatin O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -, O -stimulated O -glutathione B-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -the O -liver O -as O -well O -as O -incorporation O -of O -dietary O -cysteine B-Chemical -into O -protein O -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -there O -may O -be O -at O -least O -two O -pools O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Testes O -of O -fat O -- O -deficient O -rats O -incorporated O -nearly O -twice O -as O -much O -intratesticularly O -injected O -[ O -1 O -- O -14C O -] O -acetate O -into O -total O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -primarily O -into O -palmitic O -acid O -) O -as O -did O -supplemented O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -activity O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -did O -increase O -in O -livers O -from O -fat O -- O -deficient O -rats O -, O -no O -change O -was O -observed O -in O -corresponding O -testes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -unesterified O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -was O -lower O -in O -testes O -of O -the O -fat O -- O -deficient O -compared O -to O -supplemented O -rats O -, O -indicating O -that O -decreased O -inhibition O -of O -acetyl O -CoA O -carboxylase O -in O -the O -fat O -- O -deficient O -rats O -testes O -might O -have O -been O -responsible O -for O -the O -observed O -increased O -de O -novo O -synthesis O -of O -palmitic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effectiveness O -of O -dietary O -and O -hormonal O -treatments O -in O -inducing O -several O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( O -PLP O -) O -- O -dependent O -enzymes O -has O -been O -examined O -in O -vitamin O -B O -- O -6 O -deficient O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Holo O -- O -and O -apotyrosine O -aminotransferase O -were O -induced O -in O -both O -control O -and O -deficient O -rats O -by O -injecting O -them O -with O -glucagon O -or O -with O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -feeding O -on O -tissue O -lipid O -perioxidation O -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -peroxidase O -activity O -and O -liver O -microsomal O -functions O -in O -rats O -and O -guinea O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -percent O -cholesterol B-Chemical -was O -added O -to O -a O -casein B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sucrose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -soybean I-Chemical -oil O -basal O -diet O -for O -rats O -or O -a O -stock O -diet O -with O -2 O -% O -soybean O -oil O -for O -guinea O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholesterol B-Chemical -feeding O -increased O -the O -rate O -of O -lipid O -peroxidation O -in O -liver O -and O -aortic O -homogenate O -both O -in O -rats O -and O -guinea O -pigs O -when O -fed O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -vitamin I-Chemical -E I-Chemical -supplemented O -basal O -diets O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -cholestyramine O -was O -dependent O -on O -the O -level O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -in O -the O -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -guinea O -pigs O -, O -cholesterol B-Chemical -feeding O -also O -markedly O -decreased O -liver O -microsomal O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -lipid O -peroxidation O -, O -codein O -hydroxylation O -and O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -levels O -especially O -when O -fed O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -vitamin I-Chemical -E I-Chemical -supplemented O -basal O -diets O -. O - -aps B-category -Vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -supplementation O -increased O -liver O -and O -serum O -cholesterol B-Chemical -levels O -in O -guinea O -pigs O -, O -but O -had O -no O -such O -effect O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -ascorbic O -acid O -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -the O -adrenal O -gland O -of O -guinea O -pig O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -elevation O -in O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -observed O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -to O -the O -scortutic O -guinea O -pig O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -results O -, O -it O -became O -clear O -that O -the O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -which O -was O -not O -observed O -in O -scurvy O -was O -due O -to O -the O -deficiency O -of O -Fe2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Paw O -oedema O -, O -induced O -by O -carrageenan B-Chemical -, O -was O -potentiated O -in O -normal O -rats O -by O -arachidonic O -acid O -and O -bishomo O -- O -gamma O -- O -linoleic O -acid O -, O -but O -not O -by O -5 O -, O -8 O -, O -11 O -- O -eicosatrienoic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspirin B-Chemical -exhibited O -equal O -suppression O -of O -carrageenan B-Chemical -oedema O -in O -both O -normal O -and O -EFAD O -rats O -, O -despite O -the O -fact O -that O -, O -in O -the O -latter O -, O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -are O -of O -negligible O -importance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -view O -that O -interference O -with O -the O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -system I-Chemical -explains O -the O -acute O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -effects O -of O -the O -two O -drugs O -, O -is O -discussed O -, O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -present O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -produced O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -electrical O -resistance O -of O -black O -lipid O -membranes O -and O -a O -small O -decrease O -in O -the O -permeability O -of O -membranes O -to O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Predictable O -hydrolysis O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -digoxin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -12alpha I-Chemical -occurred O -in O -vitro O -with O -incubation O -in O -HCl O -or O -gastric O -juice O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -volunteer O -was O -given O -150 O -muCi O -[ O -3H O -] O -digoxin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -12alpha I-Chemical -by O -nasogastric O -tube O -during O -a O -pentagastrin O -infusion O -when O -gastric O -pH O -was O -0 O -- O -94 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -radioactivity O -appeared O -in O -a O -single O -peak O -as O -digoxigenin B-Chemical -in O -the O -90 O -min O -gastric O -aspirate O -and O -in O -all O -urine O -specimens O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -colloidal O -silicon O -dioxide O -as O -a O -glidant O -for O -lactose O -, O -paracetamol B-Chemical -, O -oxytetracycline O -and O -their O -mixtures O -. O - -aps B-category -Owing O -to O -its O -differing O -propensities O -to O -coat O -the O -particles O -of O -the O -host O -powders O -, O -the O -silicon O -dioxide O -acts O -as O -a O -glidant O -for O -the O -lactose O -and O -paracetamol B-Chemical -, O -but O -as O -an O -antiglidant O -for O -the O -oxytetracycline O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -on O -brain O -apomorphine B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Amphetamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -stereotyped O -behaviour O -and O -brain O -concentrations O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -and O -its O -hydroxylated O -metabolites O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Decrease O -of O -food O -intake O -by O -quipazine B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -: O -relation O -to O -serotoninergic O -receptor O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Contractile O -activity O -of O -synthetic O -neurotensin B-Chemical -and O -related O -polypeptides O -on O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -areas O -involved O -in O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -mediated O -regulation O -of O -electroshock O -seizure O -intensity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -indicate O -that O -depletion O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -near O -ventricular O -areas O -by O -the O -intracerebroventricular O -administration O -of O -the O -benzoquinolizine O -, O -Ro O -4 O -- O -1284 O -, O -enhances O -electroshock O -seizure O -intensity O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -, O -pretreatment O -with O -systemic O -iproniazid O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -completely O -antagonized O -the O -increased O -seizure O -intensity O -produced O -by O -intracerebroventricular O -Ro O -4 O -- O -1284 O -and O -repleted O -brain O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -both O -near O -and O -far O -ventricular O -areas O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Activation O -of O -adenylate O -cyclase O -of O -rat O -ascites O -hepatoma O -by O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -antagonism O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -- O -determining O -step O -in O -the O -mechanism O -of O -hydrolysis O -of O -fenclorac O -involves O -ionization O -of O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chlorine I-Chemical -bond O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -mechanism O -is O -supported O -by O -experimental O -evidence O -such O -as O -the O -medium O -effect O -, O -positive O -salt B-Chemical -effect O -, O -common O -ion O -effect O -, O -and O -substituent O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -stimulates O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -in O -a O -washed O -membrane O -preparation O -from O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ventricle O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -GTP O -, O -the O -degree O -of O -stimulation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -is O -slight O -and O -occurs O -only O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -relatively O -high O -concentrations O -of O -ATP O -suggesting O -that O -ATP O -, O -or O -contaminating O -GTP O -in O -commercial O -preparations O -of O -ATP O -, O -may O -partially O -satisfy O -the O -guanylnucleotide O -requirement O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -on O -adenylate O -cyclase O -involves O -a O -facilitation O -of O -the O -interaction O -of O -guanylnucleotides O -with O -the O -regulatory O -site O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -suggest O -that O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -cardiac O -adenylate O -cyclase O -can O -be O -classified O -inotorpic O -and O -chronotropic O -effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -on O -the O -intact O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -Harmaline O -increases O -cerebellar O -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -guanosine B-Chemical -monophosphate O -( O -cGMP B-Chemical -) O -content O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -related O -manner O -; O -this O -increase O -is O -prevented O -by O -a O -pretreatment O -with O -3 O -- O -acetylpyridine O -( O -3 O -- O -AP O -) O -( O -0 O -. O -66 O -mmol O -/ O -kg O -) O -which O -destroys O -climbing O -fibers O -and O -inhibits O -harmaline O -- O -induced O -tremor O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -isoniazid B-Chemical -decreases O -cerebellar O -gamma O -- O -aminobuturic O -acid O -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -levels O -, O -the O -increase O -in O -cGMP B-Chemical -content O -might O -reflect O -a O -reduction O -in O -the O -availability O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -at O -the O -level O -of O -postsynaptic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -drug O -changes O -the O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -of O -cerebellar O -homogenates O -; O -moreover O -their O -action O -on O -cerebellar O -cGMP B-Chemical -content O -persists O -after O -3 O -- O -AP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -cerebellar O -cGMP B-Chemical -content O -elicited O -by O -apomorphine B-Chemical -can O -be O -differentiated O -from O -that O -elicited O -by O -harmaline O -or O -isoniazid B-Chemical -; O -presumably O -apomorphine B-Chemical -indirectly O -activates O -mossy O -fibers O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -that O -the O -cGMP B-Chemical -content O -of O -cerebellar O -cortex O -fluctuates O -in O -response O -to O -changes O -in O -the O -afferent O -stimulatory O -input O -to O -the O -cerebellum O -; O -it O -increases O -when O -the O -activity O -of O -either O -climbing O -or O -mossy O -fibers O -is O -increased O -; O -it O -decreases O -when O -either O -of O -these O -two O -stimulatory O -inputs O -is O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -Jumping O -in O -mice O -, O -precipitated O -by O -naloxone B-Chemical -, O -suggests O -the O -following O -order O -for O -liability O -to O -produce O -physical O -dependence O -after O -repeated O -administration O -: O -morphine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -codeine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -propoxyphene O -greater O -than O -norpropoxyphene O -approximately O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -Exposure O -of O -kidney O -slices O -to O -perithreshold O -concentrations O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -and O -enflurane B-Chemical -for O -180 O -minutes O -did O -not O -result O -in O -a O -cumulative O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -PAH O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -with O -prolonged O -exposure O -metabolic O -conversion O -of O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -may O -occur O -leading O -to O -further O -inhibition O -of O -PAH O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -tertiary O -amine B-Chemical -N O -- O -oxides O -by O -the O -mitochondrial O -fraction O -of O -rat O -liver O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -reaction O -was O -faster O -with O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -generating I-Chemical -system O -than O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -little O -less O -activity O -was O -observed O -when O -NADH O -was O -used O -as O -a O -cofactor O -instead O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -for O -N O -, O -N O -- O -dimethylaniline O -N O -- O -oxide O -was O -comparable O -to O -the O -microsomal O -activity O -, O -but O -the O -activity O -for O -imipramine B-Chemical -N O -- O -oxide O -was O -much O -less O -than O -that O -in O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -ATP O -together O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -NADP O -stimulated O -the O -reaction O -efficiently O -, O -probably O -due O -to O -the O -energy O -- O -dependent O -intramitochondrial O -transhydrogenation O -. O - -aps B-category -Virtually O -all O -ghosts O -sealed O -to O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Due O -to O -the O -absence O -of O -intracellular O -titratable O -buffers O -intracellular O -chloride B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -ghosts O -vary O -only O -slightly O -between O -pH5 O -and O -11 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -, O -therefore O -, O -possible O -to O -demonstrate O -that O -volume O -changes O -do O -not O -affect O -the O -chloride B-Chemical -transport O -across O -the O -human O -red O -cell O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Short O -exposures O -to O -hypertonic O -solutions O -( O -100 O -mM O -sucrose B-Chemical -or O -50 O -mM O -- O -KCl O -) O -produced O -a O -decrease O -in O -pHi O -of O -approximately O -0 O -- O -1 O -pH O -units O -. O - -aps B-category -Restoration O -of O -the O -pHi O -after O -displacement O -by O -increasing O -the O -CO2 O -was O -not O -blocked O -by O -ouabain B-Chemical -or O -SITS O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Dietary O -protein O -level O -and O -circadian O -variation O -of O -enzyme O -activities O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -and O -lipogenesis O -in O -male O -rats O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -various O -particles O -and O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -cyclic B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -on O -release O -of O -lysosomal O -enzymes O -by O -mouse O -macrophages O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -number O -of O -new O -esters O -of O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -are O -described O -: O -among O -these O -was O -the O -1 O -- O -adamantoate O -, O -1h O -, O -the O -first O -highly O -crystalline O -ester O -of O -that O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -isotonic O -NaCl B-Chemical -und O -KCl O -solutions O -the O -onset O -of O -electrical O -hemolysis O -is O -observed O -at O -4 O -kV O -per O -cm O -and O -50 O -per O -cent O -hemolysis O -at O -6 O -kV O -per O -cm O -, O -whereas O -increasing O -concentrations O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -sulphate O -, O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -inulin O -and O -EDTA O -shift O -the O -onset O -and O -the O -50 O -per O -cent O -hemolysis O -- O -value O -to O -higher O -field O -strengths O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -dielectric O -breakdown O -of O -bovine O -red O -blood O -cell O -membranes O -occurs O -in O -NaCl B-Chemical -solution O -at O -4 O -to O -5 O -kV O -per O -cm O -and O -is O -coupled O -directly O -with O -hemoglobin O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -also O -performed O -experiments O -utilizing O -theophylline B-Chemical -and O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -which O -mimicked O -those O -of O -the O -parathyroid O -hormone O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -investigations O -reported O -here O -demonstrate O -high O -affinity O -transport O -systems O -localized O -in O -glial O -cells O -which O -appear O -to O -be O -specific O -for O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -neurotransmitter O -candidates O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -shown O -by O -the O -ability O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -in O -the O -extracellular O -media O -to O -cause O -release O -of O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -by O -glia O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -inhibitory O -conditions O -are O -as O -follows O -: O -( O -i O -) O -growth O -of O -the O -bacteria O -on O -ethanolamine O -- O -containing O -medium O -; O -( O -ii O -) O -growth O -of O -the O -cells O -at O -pH O -values O -that O -inhibit O -penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -lysis O -of O -pneumococcal O -cultures O -and O -lysis O -in O -the O -stationary O -phase O -of O -growth O -; O -( O -iii O -) O -addition O -of O -trypsin O -or O -the O -autolysin O -- O -inhibitory O -pneumococcal O -Forssman O -antigen O -( O -lipoteichoric O -acid O -) O -to O -the O -growth O -medium O -before O -lysis O -; O -( O -iv O -) O -infection O -of O -an O -autolysin O -- O -defective O -pneumococcal O -mutant O -at O -a O -multiplicity O -of O -infection O -less O -than O -10 O -( O -treatment O -of O -such O -infected O -mutant O -bacteria O -with O -wild O -- O -type O -autolysin O -from O -without O -can O -liberate O -the O -entrapped O -progeny O -phage O -particles O -) O -; O -( O -v O -) O -release O -of O -phage O -particles O -and O -culture O -lysis O -can O -also O -be O -inhibited O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -to O -infected O -cultures O -just O -before O -the O -time O -at O -which O -lysis O -would O -normally O -occur O -. O - -aps B-category -Prazosin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -new I-Chemical -hypertensive O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -our O -study O -of O -14 O -patients O -comparing O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -with O -prazosin B-Chemical -, O -the O -antigypertensive O -effect O -of O -prazosin B-Chemical -was O -less O -than O -that O -of O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Hepatotoxicity O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -based O -on O -its O -metabolism O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -subcutaneously O -administered O -adrenaline B-Chemical -on O -human O -eccrine O -sweating O -, O -with O -special O -reference O -to O -the O -physiological O -significance O -of O -the O -adrenergic O -sweating O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -most O -cases O -, O -the O -sweat O -rate O -either O -decreased O -or O -did O -not O -change O -significantly O -following O -the O -adrenaline B-Chemical -injection O -, O -however O -, O -among O -athletic O -subjects O -it O -showed O -a O -mild O -increase O -in O -a O -few O -cases O -, O -mostly O -during O -or O -after O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenaline B-Chemical -( O -15 O -mug O -) O -was O -injected O -intravenously O -with O -similar O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -a O -small O -dose O -of O -subcutaneous O -adrenaline B-Chemical -has O -dual O -effects O -, O -with O -the O -sweat O -- O -inhibitory O -effect O -generally O -predominating O -over O -the O -sweat O -- O -facilitatory O -one O -, O -with O -occasional O -exceptions O -in O -association O -with O -exercise O -and O -/ O -or O -physical O -training O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -five O -of O -the O -27 O -received O -Ipecac O -and O -all O -but O -one O -received O -at O -least O -2 O -mg O -of O -physostigmine B-Chemical -, O -which O -produced O -dramatic O -improvement O -in O -central O -nervous O -system O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Uricine O -was O -found O -to O -be O -present O -in O -all O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -stones O -tested O -, O -although O -another O -physiochemically O -related O -pigment O -was O -occasionally O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -influence O -of O -plasma O -protein O -binding O -on O -distribution O -and O -pharmacological O -activity O -of O -tranquilizers O -of O -the O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -group O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distribution O -of O -the O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -in O -the O -organism O -is O -influenced O -not O -only O -by O -the O -plasma O -protein O -binding O -of O -the O -drugs O -, O -but O -also O -by O -several O -other O -factors O -, O -especially O -since O -the O -drugs O -are O -mostly O -lipophilic O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -results O -have O -been O -shown O -only O -for O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -chlordiazepoxid O -, O -which O -indicate O -an O -effect O -of O -the O -plasma O -protein O -binding O -on O -distribution O -and O -pharmacological O -activity O -, O -for O -example O -the O -existence O -of O -a O -direct O -correlation O -between O -unwanted O -CNS O -depressions O -and O -low O -plasma O -albumin O -concentrations O -and O -a O -direct O -correlation O -between O -the O -plasma O -protein O -binding O -and O -the O -biological O -half O -- O -life O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -decrease O -the O -amount O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -bound O -to O -serum O -albumin O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -and O -increased O -therewith O -the O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -CO O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -10 O -to O -45 O -mg O -/ O -m3 O -on O -the O -content O -of O -carboxyhemoglobin O -in O -the O -blood O -, O -nonhemoglobin O -iron B-Chemical -in O -the O -plasma O -, O -CO O -in O -the O -breathing O -air O -, O -catalase O -and O -peroxidase O -activity O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -paper O -discusses O -possible O -application O -of O -the O -method O -of O -measuring O -the O -total O -content O -of O -organic O -carbon B-Chemical -to O -evaluate O -the O -quality O -or O -reclaimed O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -Marked O -difference O -in O -the O -susceptibility O -of O -several O -species O -to O -guanethidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -chemical O -sympathectomy O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyperlipoproteinemia O -, O -diabetes O -, O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -change O -in O -the O -ODC O -of O -normolipemic O -diabetics O -is O -considered O -to O -be O -an O -expresssion O -of O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -increased O -proportion O -of O -a O -hemoglobin O -fraction O -( O -Hb O -Alc O -) O -with O -increased O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -. O - -aps B-category -Serotonin B-Chemical -synthesis O -depends O -largely O -on O -the O -brain O -concentrations O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -, O -its O -precursor O -amino B-Chemical -aicd O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -any O -food O -to O -modify O -brain O -tryptophan B-Chemical -( O -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -) O -depends O -on O -how O -its O -ingestion O -changes O -the O -serum O -concentration O -of O -not O -only O -tryptophan B-Chemical -, O -but O -also O -several O -other O -large O -neutral O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -that O -compete O -with O -tryptophan B-Chemical -for O -uptake O -into O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -) O -in O -the O -brain O -also O -varies O -with O -the O -availability O -of O -the O -precursor O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -, O -however O -, O -appears O -to O -be O -influenced O -less O -by O -precursor O -levels O -than O -is O -serotonin B-Chemical -formation O -: O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -, O -whcih O -catalyzes O -the O -rate O -- O -limiting O -step O -in O -catecholamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -, O -responds O -strongly O -to O -end O -- O -product O -inhibition O -and O -to O -other O -controls O -that O -reflect O -variations O -in O -neuronal O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Short O -- O -term O -alterations O -in O -brain O -choline B-Chemical -levels O -are O -mirrored O -by O -similar O -changes O -in O -brain O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -between O -choline B-Chemical -availability O -and O -acetylchyoline O -synthesis O -has O -already O -foudn O -a O -cletween O -choline B-Chemical -availability O -and O -acetylchyoline O -synthesis O -has O -already O -found O -a O -clinical O -application O -: O -choline B-Chemical -has O -been O -used O -successfully O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -, O -a O -disorder O -of O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -thought O -to O -reflect O -a O -deficiency O -in O -cholinergic O -transmission O -. O - -aps B-category -More O -glycerol O -and O -phosphorus B-Chemical -are O -utilized O -in O -processes O -of O -vital O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -DNA O -membrane O -fraction O -extracted O -from O -pneumococci O -can O -be O -separated O -into O -two O -subfractions O -with O -respect O -to O -macromolecular O -composition O -and O -DNA O -synthesis O -by O -centrifugation O -in O -a O -30 O -- O -60 O -% O -w O -/ O -v O -neutral O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -DNA O -polymerase O -activity O -in O -the O -heavy O -fraction O -has O -characteristic O -properties O -associated O -with O -DNA O -polymerase O -I O -, O -a O -possible O -repair O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -E O -. O -coli O -K12 O -was O -found O -to O -utilise O -both O -D O -- O -and O -L O -- O -stereoisomers O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -as O -sole O -sources O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -, O -nitrogen B-Chemical -and O -energy O -for O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Michaelis O -constant O -for O -the O -enzyme O -with O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -as O -substrate O -was O -30 O -mM O -, O -and O -the O -pH O -optimum O -about O -8 O -. O -9 O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidation O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -was O -linked O -to O -oxygen B-Chemical -via O -a O -cytochrome O -- O -containing O -respiratory O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -was O -active O -either O -as O -a O -substrate O -or O -inducer O -only O -in O -t O -he O -presence O -of O -an O -uninhibited O -alanine B-Chemical -racemase O -which O -converted O -it O -to O -the O -D O -- O -isomer O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -D O -- O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -were O -intrinsically O -active O -as O -inducers O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -racemase O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -on O -phenylethanolamine O -N O -- O -methyltransferase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -electron O -transport O -in O -kidney O -cortex O -microsomes O -: O -interaction O -with O -desaturase O -and O -other O -microsomal O -mixed O -- O -function O -oxidases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -standard O -treatment O -of O -ischemic O -heart O -disease O -consists O -in O -the O -administration O -of O -nitrates B-Chemical -and O -beta O -- O -sympathicolytic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -beginning O -special O -caution O -should O -be O -exercised O -on O -combining O -a O -beta O -- O -sympathicolytic O -agent O -with O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tail O -- O -flick O -test O -procedure O -was O -used O -to O -measure O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -naltrexone O -to O -antagonize O -the O -analgesis O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -identified O -nerve O -cells O -of O -Aplysia O -, O -however O -, O -this O -amine B-Chemical -coexists O -with O -other O -putative O -neurotransmitters O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -mammals O -octopamine O -is O -localised O -in O -nerves O -in O -peripheral O -tissues O -and O -brain O -where O -it O -seems O -to O -coexist O -with O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -being O -present O -in O -much O -higher O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -two O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -, O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -, O -and O -baclofen B-Chemical -on O -synaptic O -transmission O -in O -the O -cat O -cuneate O -nucleus O -. O - -aps B-category -Afferent O -presynaptic O -inhibition O -in O -the O -cuneate O -nucleus O -, O -evoked O -by O -volleys O -in O -the O -median O -nerve O -, O -and O -assessed O -by O -the O -size O -of O -the O -positive O -cuneate O -surface O -potential O -( O -P O -wave O -) O -, O -the O -dorsal O -column O -reflex O -( O -DCR O -) O -, O -and O -the O -increased O -excitability O -of O -primary O -afferent O -terminals O -of O -the O -ulnar O -nerve O -, O -was O -markedly O -enhanced O -by O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -3 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kh O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -slightly O -enhanced O -by O -lower O -doses O -of O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -( O -3 O -- O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -, O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -and O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -also O -increased O -postsynaptic O -inhibition O -in O -the O -cuneate O -nucleus O -which O -was O -measured O -by O -the O -decrease O -after O -conditioning O -volleys O -in O -the O -median O -nerve O -of O -the O -short O -- O -latency O -lemniscal O -response O -to O -cuneate O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -thiosemicarbazide B-Chemical -( O -TSC O -) O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -synthesis O -, O -both O -pre O -- O -and O -postsynaptic O -inhibition O -were O -greatly O -reduced O -and O -the O -augmenting O -effect O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -on O -both O -types O -of O -inhibition O -was O -nearly O -abolished O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -, O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -and O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -did O -not O -alter O -the O -resting O -excitability O -of O -primary O -afferent O -endings O -or O -of O -cuneo O -- O -thalamic O -relay O -( O -CTR O -) O -cells O -in O -the O -cuneate O -nucleus O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenobarbitone B-Chemical -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -, O -also O -depressed O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -way O -the O -N O -wave O -, O -which O -is O -an O -index O -of O -the O -orthodromic O -excitation O -of O -the O -CTR O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -findings O -suggest O -the O -following O -modes O -of O -action O -of O -the O -above O -mentioned O -drugs O -: O -1 O -. O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -enhance O -selectively O -the O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -pre O -- O -and O -postsynaptic O -inhibition O -in O -the O -cuneate O -nucleus O -; O -2 O -. O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -slightly O -enhances O -pre O -- O -and O -postsynaptic O -inhibition O -only O -in O -a O -narrow O -dose O -range O -, O -and O -in O -addition O -reduces O -the O -excitatory O -processes O -in O -the O -cuneate O -nucleus O -; O -3 O -. O -baclofen B-Chemical -seems O -to O -depress O -the O -excitation O -of O -cuneate O -relay O -cells O -and O -interneurones O -postsynaptically O -; O -the O -depression O -of O -relay O -cells O -is O -probably O -nonspecific O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -tris O -( O -2 O -- O -chloroethyl O -) O -amine B-Chemical -( O -TCEA O -) O -with O -purified O -hemoglobin O -and O -its O -effect O -on O -properties O -of O -hemoglobin O -was O -studied O -using O -14C O -- O -labeled O -TCEA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Bohr O -effect O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -on O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -remained O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -a O -recently O -developed O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -blocking O -agent O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -a O -potent O -inhibitor O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -in O -rat O -, O -cat O -, O -dog O -and O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -was O -also O -compared O -to O -that O -of O -metiamide O -, O -an O -older O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -a O -selective O -blockade O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -the O -sites O -was O -0 O -. O -3 O -pmoles O -per O -mg O -of O -protein O -and O -the O -dissociation O -constant O -( O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -) O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -. O -A O -close O -correlation O -between O -the O -ability O -of O -various O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonists O -to O -compete O -with O -tracer O -alprenolol O -binding O -and O -to O -block O -the O -response O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -myocardial O -adenylate O -cyclase O -has O -been O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -guinea O -- O -pig O -myocardial O -tissue O -is O -poorly O -stimulated O -by O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -or O -5 O -' O -- O -guanylylimidodiphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -eliminate O -postsynaptically O -induced O -changes O -in O -dopamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -caused O -by O -the O -effects O -of O -these O -drugs O -on O -the O -firing O -rate O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -neurons O -, O -gammabutyrolactone O -was O -administered O -to O -block O -impulse O -flow O -in O -the O -nigro O -- O -neostriatal O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -administration O -of O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonists O -, O -apomorphine B-Chemical -or O -ET O -- O -495 O -[ O -1 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -pyrimidyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -piperonyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -piperazine I-Chemical -] O -, O -modified O -the O -apparent O -activity O -of O -striatal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -when O -impulse O -flow O -was O -blocked O -in O -dopamine B-Chemical -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Chlorpromazine O -, O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -, O -and O -thioridizine O -were O -much O -less O -effective O -than O -the O -butyrophenones O -in O -blocking O -the O -effects O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -these O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -except O -( O -- O -) O -butaclamol O -caused O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -Dopa O -accumulation O -when O -impulse O -flow O -was O -intact O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -functional O -significance O -of O -the O -presynaptic O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -are O -considered O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -preparations O -partially O -depolarized O -by O -elevated O -extracellular O -potassium B-Chemical -( O -14 O -. O -7 O -mM O -KCl O -) O -a O -concentration O -of O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -ATX O -was O -ineffective O -with O -respect O -to O -increase O -in O -force O -of O -contraction O -or O -delay O -of O -repolarization O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -the O -actions O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -and O -metiamide O -on O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -in O -the O -isolated O -guinea O -pig O -gastric O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -- O -metiamide O -and O -cimetidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -behaved I-Chemical -like O -competitive O -antagonists O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -on O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -pH O -on O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -ACh O -) O -- O -induced O -responses O -in O -completely O -isolated O -neurons O -of O -Lymnaea O -stagnalis O -was O -studied O -under O -voltage O -clapm O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -release O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -from O -dispersed O -rat O -pars O -intermedia O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -and O -carbachol B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -on O -ACTH B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -the O -release O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -from O -the O -PI O -may O -be O -controlled O -by O -direct O -serotonergic O -innervation O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -- O -induced O -changes O -in O -brain O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebrospinal O -fluid O -changes O -in O -experimental O -cardiopulmonary O -bypass O -using O -hemodilution O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -water O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -suggested O -that O -in O -the O -present O -study O -, O -cardiopulmonary O -bypass O -was O -not O -associated O -with O -gross O -disruptions O -of O -the O -barriers O -for O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -between O -blood O -and O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -Distribution O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and I-Chemical -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dehydrogenase I-Chemical -was O -investigated O -by O -plaimetric O -measurement O -. O -- O -- O -EASC O -were O -found O -in O -benign O -ovarian O -tumors O -in O -48 O -% O -, O -in O -malignant O -in O -30 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -seems O -that O -the O -enzymatically O -active O -fibrocytes O -are O -the O -first O -step O -of O -theca O -- O -like O -cells O -which O -are O -then O -luteinized O -and O -finally O -filled O -up O -with O -cholesterol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -two O -kinds O -of O -adrenergic O -receptors O -in O -rat O -fundus O -( O -stomach O -) O -, O -the O -alpha O -receptors O -are O -stimulated O -with O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -can O -be O -blocked O -effectively O -with O -azapetine O -and O -the O -beta O -receptors O -are O -stimulated O -with O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -can O -be O -blocked O -effectively O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Over O -the O -period O -5 O -- O -8 O -days O -after O -inoculation O -, O -faeces O -are O -collected O -in O -trays O -containing O -2 O -% O -( O -w O -/ O -v O -) O -potassium B-Chemical -dichromate O -solution O -, O -while O -food O -intake O -is O -restricted O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -washing O -, O -oocysts O -are O -sporulated O -by O -forced O -aeration O -at O -30 O -degrees O -C O -and O -may O -be O -further O -purified O -by O -hypochlorite O -treatment O -, O -or O -passage O -in O -5 O -% O -Tween O -80 O -solution O -through O -a O -glass O -bead O -column O -followed O -by O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactate B-Chemical -( O -LA O -- O -) O -release O -and O -O2 O -consumption O -were O -calculated O -by O -the O -Fick O -principle O -. O - -aps B-category -Analyzes O -were O -made O -on O -muscle O -samples O -taken O -from O -the O -lateral O -part O -of O -the O -m O -. O -quadriceps O -femoris O -of O -man O -( O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -and O -pH O -) O -on O -venous O -blood O -( O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -) O -and O -on O -capillary O -blood O -( O -pH O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactate B-Chemical -content O -was O -highly O -elevated O -in O -muscle O -after O -exercise O -and O -the O -concentration O -was O -2 O -- O -3 O -times O -higher O -than O -in O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -half O -- O -time O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -decrease O -was O -9 O -. O -5 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -lithium B-Chemical -transport O -across O -the O -red O -cell O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -and O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -Li O -+ O -uphill O -transport O -as O -well O -as O -Li O -+ O -downhill O -transport O -into O -the O -cells O -is O -inhibited O -by O -ouabain B-Chemical -, O -ATP O -- O -depletion O -, O -and O -by O -external O -K O -+ O -and O -Na O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -effect O -can O -be O -completely O -blocked O -by O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -, O -phlorizin B-Chemical -and O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Na O -+ O -- O -independent O -Li O -+ O -release O -is O -stimulated O -by O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulation O -of O -Li O -+ O -transfer O -by O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -and O -the O -inhibition O -by O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -suggest O -a O -participation O -of O -anionic O -species O -in O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -Li O -+ O -transfer O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -initial O -pH O -of O -the O -perfusion O -solution O -was O -low O -( O -5 O -. O -5 O -) O -, O -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -lost O -more O -rapidly O -from O -proximal O -tubules O -than O -at O -high O -initial O -pH O -( O -8 O -. O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -infusion O -slows O -the O -rate O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -loss O -by O -proximal O -tubules O -, O -when O -the O -perfusion O -solution O -is O -acid O -, O -but O -has O -no O -significant O -effect O -if O -its O -pH O -is O -alkaline O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -distal O -tubules O -of O -control O -rats O -no O -significant O -loss O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -observed O -during O -the O -period O -of O -perfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -distal O -tubules O -changes O -in O -pH O -are O -not O -due O -to O -transepithelial O -phosphate B-Chemical -movement O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -the O -most O -surface O -active O -substance O -in O -aqueous O -solutions O -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -was O -less O -active O -and O -the O -lowest O -activity O -was O -found O -for O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -= O -kOX O -+ O -kh O -) O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -air O -oxygen B-Chemical -were O -determined O -from O -the O -measurements O -of O -absorbance O -in O -0 O -- O -1 O -M O -HCl O -at O -243 O -nm O -, O -using O -" O -the O -feathering O -technique O -" O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -the O -aim O -of O -this O -study O -to O -test O -whether O -the O -non O -- O -specific O -pharmacological O -activities O -of O -the O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenergic I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -can O -be O -predicted O -by O -estimation O -of O -the O -hydrophobicity O -of O -the O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -AMP O -: O -independent O -induction O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -by O -epinephrine B-Chemical -in O -primary O -cultures O -of O -adult O -rat O -liver O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -abolished O -the O -increase O -in O -cAMP B-Chemical -elicited O -by O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -but O -did O -not O -block O -the O -induction O -of O -alpha O -- O -aminoisobutyric O -acid O -transport O -by O -epinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Epinephrine B-Chemical -dose O -response O -curves O -for O -cAMP B-Chemical -and O -alpha O -- O -aminoisobutyric O -acid O -transport O -were O -similar O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -stable O -from O -pH O -2 O -to O -neutrality O -and O -resists O -ether B-Chemical -extraction O -, O -freezing O -, O -or O -brief O -heating O -to O -100 O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -greater O -relative O -fatness O -of O -the O -HF O -- O -diet O -rats O -may O -be O -associated O -with O -higher O -levels O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -in O -the O -HF O -rats O -than O -in O -the O -LF O -- O -diet O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Drosophila O -mojavensis O -adults O -, O -which O -breed O -and O -feed O -on O -necrotic O -cacti O -, O -show O -an O -increase O -in O -longevity O -when O -exposed O -to O -atmospheric O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -environmental O -heterogeneity O -that O -is O -proposed O -for O -maintaining O -the O -alleles O -at O -the O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -locus O -is O -the O -interaction O -of O -substrate O -alcohol B-Chemical -content O -with O -temperature O -and O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -inhibition O -was O -also O -noted O -with O -adenosine B-Chemical -, O -AMP O -, O -ADP O -- O -ribose O -, O -nicotinamide O -, O -nicotinamide O -mononucleotide O -, O -and O -NADP O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -but O -glyceraldehyde O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -were O -observed O -and O -assigned O -in O -the O -intact O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Introducing O -deoxyglucose O -depleted O -the O -ATP O -and O -resulted O -in O -an O -AMP O -signal O -and O -one O -from O -deoxyglucose O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -which O -is O -transported O -and O -phosphorylated O -but O -not O -catabolized O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -on O -the O -in O -vivo O -concentration O -of O -erythrocyte O -glycolytic O -intermediates O -. O - -aps B-category -Triamcinolone O -activation O -of O -renal O -ammonia B-Chemical -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -, O -albino O -rats O -were O -treated O -with O -alpha O -- O -MSH O -, O -MSH O -/ O -ACTH B-Chemical -4 O -- O -10 O -, O -MIF O -- O -I O -or O -a O -diluent O -control O -solution O -and O -then O -tested O -on O -a O -visual O -discrimination O -problem O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -suggested O -that O -the O -peptides O -alpha O -- O -metanocyte O -stimulating O -hormone O -( O -alpha O -- O -MSH O -) O -and O -MSH O -- O -release O -inhibitory O -factor O -( O -MIF O -- O -1 O -) O -may O -alter O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -monophosphate O -( O -cAMP B-Chemical -) O -metabolism O -[ O -13 O -, O -26 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -a O -correlation O -between O -the O -rise O -in O -cAMP B-Chemical -found O -and O -reported O -changes O -in O -visual O -acuity O -and O -attention O -in O -rats O -and O -human O -after O -treatment O -with O -alpha O -- O -MSH O -[ O -8 O -, O -14 O -, O -23 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -undertaken O -to O -see O -whether O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -or O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -levels O -likewise O -increased O -in O -the O -test O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -prolyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -amide O -( O -MIF O -- O -I O -) O -on O -dopaminergic O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -the O -active O -uptake O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopamine I-Chemical -( O -3H O -- O -DA O -) O -by O -synaptosome O -- O -rich O -homogenates O -of O -the O -striatum O -of O -rats O -treated O -with O -MIF O -- O -I O -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -IP O -X O -3 O -, O -24 O -hr O -intervals O -) O -was O -unaltered O -1 O -hr O -after O -final O -treatment O -with O -MIF O -- O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurochemical O -responses O -of O -mice O -to O -ACTH B-Chemical -and O -lysine O -vasopressin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -ACTH B-Chemical -4 O -- O -10 O -increased O -the O -[ O -3H O -] O -lysine O -incorporation O -into O -brain O -or O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -decreased O -the O -brain O -responses O -to O -both O -footshock O -and O -ACTH B-Chemical -, O -but O -while O -the O -liver O -response O -to O -ACTH B-Chemical -was O -blocked O -, O -the O -footshock O -response O -was O -only O -diminished O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -for O -3 O -days O -with O -long O -- O -acting O -preparations O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -4 O -- O -10 O -, O -ACTH B-Chemical -4 O -- O -10 O -( O -D O -- O -phe O -) O -or O -ACTH B-Chemical -1 O -- O -24 O -increased O -the O -conversion O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -tyrosine B-Chemical -into O -dopamine B-Chemical -but O -not O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -alpha O -- O -MSH O -, O -beta O -- O -MSH O -or O -LVP O -had O -no O -such O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -ACTH B-Chemical -peptides O -can O -stimulate O -protein O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -mouse O -brain O -and O -that O -LVP O -has O -no O -such O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -MSH O -- O -release O -- O -inhibiting O -factor O -( O -MIF O -) O -and O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -hormone O -( O -TRH O -) O -both O -have O -been O -reported O -to O -modify O -mood O -and O -activity O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -only O -one O -patient O -met O -these O -criteria O -in O -each O -of O -the O -remaining O -2 O -groups O -, O -consisting O -of O -10 O -patients O -receiving O -MIF O -- O -1 O -750 O -mg O -per O -day O -and O -5 O -patients O -receiving O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -insight O -into O -the O -contribution O -of O -the O -protein O -could O -be O -gained O -from O -comparison O -of O -TYMV O -and O -eggplant O -mosaic O -virus O -( O -EMV O -) O -, O -a O -virus O -similar O -to O -TYMV O -although O -its O -top O -component O -contains O -low O -molecular O -mass O -RNA O -' O -s O -able O -to O -bind O -various O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Fragment O -T1 O -and O -fragment O -P1 O -both O -have O -purine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -rich I-Chemical -and O -cytosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -poor I-Chemical -sequences O -near O -their O -termini O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -release O -from O -the O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -compared O -to O -controls O -, O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -, O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -, O -meprobamate O -, O -and O -mecloqualone O -increased O -drinking O -time O -whether O -the O -experiments O -were O -run O -on O -naive O -or O -on O -experienced O -animals O -[ O -5 O -or O -10 O -( O -in O -mice O -) O -and O -9 O -( O -in O -rats O -) O -exposures O -in O -the O -test O -situation O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Newborn O -rats O -were O -treated O -at O -1 O -and O -2 O -days O -after O -birth O -with O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -( O -60HDA O -) O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -these O -same O -brain O -areas O -was O -not O -significantly O -altered O -, O -but O -there O -appeared O -to O -be O -some O -decrease O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -this O -enzyme O -in O -the O -hippocampus O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -clozapine B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -physostigmine B-Chemical -did O -not O -present O -the O -profile O -of O -activity O -of O -a O -classical O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agent O -; O -neither O -did O -haloperidol B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -atropine B-Chemical -present O -that O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -interaction O -between O -dopaminergic O -and O -cholinergic O -systems O -in O -the O -striatum O -is O -highly O -complex O -, O -and O -that O -a O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -possessing O -both O -potent O -DA O -- O -receptor O -blocking O -and O -muscarinic O -anticholinergic O -activity O -, O -while O -being O -less O -likely O -to O -cause O -parkinsonism O -in O -patients O -, O -would O -be O -more O -likely O -to O -induce O -tardive O -dyskinesias O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -adrenal O -glands O -were O -analyzed O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -and O -phenylethanolamine O -- O -N O -- O -methyltransferase O -( O -PNMT O -) O -activities O -and O -for O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -( O -EPI O -) O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -GMP O -in O -the O -CSF O -of O -patients O -with O -schizophrenia O -before O -and O -after O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -the O -CSF O -cyclic O -GMP O -levels O -in O -a O -group O -of O -10 O -schizophrenic O -patients O -were O -compared O -before O -and O -after O -2 O -months O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -could O -indicate O -some O -tendency O -for O -decreased O -activity O -of O -central O -cholinergic O -neurons O -in O -schizophrenia O -as O -well O -as O -a O -restored O -dopaminergic O -- O -cholinergic O -balance O -after O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Behavioral O -effects O -of O -peptides O -in O -animals O -: O -further O -experience O -with O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -antagonism O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Purification O -and O -molecular O -properties O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Fractions O -of O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -by O -ultrafiltration O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -and O -pH O -were O -maintained O -within O -a O -physiologic O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -proposed O -to O -name O -this O -the O -Van O -Slyke O -equation O -: O -a O -- O -24 O -. O -4 O -= O -- O -( O -2 O -. O -3 O -X O -b O -+ O -7 O -. O -7 O -) O -X O -( O -c O -- O -7 O -. O -40 O -) O -+ O -d O -/ O -( O -1 O -- O -0 O -. O -023 O -X O -b O -) O -, O -where O -a O -= O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -plasma O -/ O -( O -mmol O -/ O -l O -) O -, O -b O -= O -hemoglobin O -concentration O -in O -blood O -/ O -( O -mmol O -/ O -l O -) O -, O -c O -= O -pH O -of O -plasma O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -, O -d O -= O -base O -excess O -concentration O -in O -blood O -/ O -( O -mmol O -/ O -l O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -introduction O -of O -Van O -Slyke O -' O -s O -methods O -for O -quantitative O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -measurements O -in O -biological O -fluids O -, O -one O -important O -source O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -donation O -became O -identifiable O -; O -and O -these O -and O -derived O -methods O -have O -permitted O -of O -fairly O -precise O -quantitative O -descriptions O -of O -transport O -and O -pulmonary O -elimination O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -a O -distinction O -should O -be O -made O -between O -( O -1 O -) O -processes O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -donation O -, O -reversible O -by O -endogenous O -metabolic O -means O -( O -quantitated O -in O -terms O -of O -the O -component O -MA O -= O -metabolizable O -non O -- O -carbonic O -acid O -) O -and O -( O -2 O -) O -processes O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -donation O -associated O -with O -gastro O -- O -intestinal O -, O -skeletal O -, O -and O -renal O -transport O -, O -storage O -, O -and O -control O -of O -non O -- O -metabolizable O -non O -- O -carbonic O -acid O -( O -NA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -excess O -chemical O -potential O -of O -H O -+ O -it O -is O -possible O -to O -calculate O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -in O -the O -system O -= O -the O -equilibrium O -concentration O -of O -H O -+ O -= O -the O -concentration O -of O -free O -H O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Successful O -ulcer O -therapy O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -antagonists O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -increased O -peripheral O -resistance O -at O -rest O -but O -not O -during O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Essential O -hypertension O -: O -adrenergic O -control O -system O -, O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -effector O -axis O -, O -kidney O -and O -age O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -chloroplasts O -in O -the O -light O -reactions O -of O -photosynthesis O -is O -the O -reduction O -of O -NADP O -to O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -phosphorylation O -of O -ADP O -to O -ATP O -by O -light O -energy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -therapeutic O -effect O -of O -beta O -adrenoceptor O -blockers O -in O -angina O -pectoris O -can O -be O -ascribed O -to O -an O -inhibition O -of O -beta1 O -receptor O -mediated O -stimulation O -of O -heart O -rate O -and O -myocardial O -contractility O -, O -resulting O -in O -an O -improved O -oxygen B-Chemical -supply O -- O -demand O -balance O -in O -the O -myocardium O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -propranolol B-Chemical -will O -inhibit O -this O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -view O -of O -these O -findings O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -a O -beta1 O -selective O -blocker O -may O -be O -a O -more O -efficient O -antianginal O -agent O -than O -a O -nonselective O -blocker O -in O -those O -patients O -in O -which O -the O -anginal O -attack O -is O -associated O -with O -a O -significant O -release O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Restoration O -of O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -normal O -is O -delayed O -. O - -aps B-category -Restoration O -of O -the O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -normal O -is O -little O -delayed O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -: O -location O -in O -substantia O -nigra O -. O - -aps B-category -Destruction O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -cell O -bodies O -by O -intranigral O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -application O -failed O -to O -abolish O -the O -response O -of O -nigral O -adenylate O -cyclase O -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -within O -the O -substantia O -nigra O -are O -not O -located O -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -cell O -bodies O -but O -are O -associated O -with O -a O -pathway O -, O -containing O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -or O -substance O -P O -, O -which O -projects O -from O -forebrain O -structures O -to O -the O -substantia O -nigra O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -the O -pharmacology O -of O -a O -new O -antidepressant B-Chemical -, O -S1694 O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -is O -decreased O -by O -pimozide O -, O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -as O -well O -as O -by O -pretreatment O -of O -the O -animals O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -or O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -( O -H44 O -/ O -68 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Probably O -the O -safest O -and O -most O -effective O -treatment O -would O -be O -1 O -) O -stimulation O -of O -the O -adenyl O -cyclase B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cyclic I-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -system O -by O -a O -beta O -( O -2 O -) O -- O -adrenergic O -drug O -combined O -with O -2 O -) O -inhibition O -of O -the O -phosphodiesterase O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Examinations O -with O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aparing I-Chemical -analgesics O -in O -anginous O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -body O -potassium B-Chemical -was O -measured O -in O -12 O -patients O -with O -cor O -pulmonale O -, O -by O -determination O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -40 I-Chemical -, O -a O -naturally O -occurring O -radioisotope O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -previous O -studies O -in O -similar O -groups O -of O -patients O -have O -been O -confined O -to O -the O -estimation O -of O -exchangeable O -potassium B-Chemical -by O -the O -technique O -of O -isotope O -dilution O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -apparent O -disparity O -between O -total O -body O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -exchangeable O -potassium B-Chemical -could O -be O -explained O -by O -the O -requirement O -for O -a O -longer O -equilibration O -period O -when O -using O -isotope O -dilution O -techniques O -in O -patients O -who O -are O -in O -chronic O -hypoxaemic O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -studied O -arterial O -PO2 O -, O -PCO2 O -, O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -and O -electroencephalogram O -during O -sleep O -in O -10 O -patients O -with O -stable O -severe O -chronic O -respiratory O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -had O -improved O -sleep O -but O -one O -, O -who O -had O -an O -intact O -hypoxic O -drive O -to O -breathing O -, O -developed O -marked O -hypercapnia O -and O -acidosis O -when O -his O -PO2 O -was O -restored O -to O -normal O -during O -sleep O -; O -the O -other O -, O -who O -had O -no O -hypoxic O -drive O -to O -breathing O -, O -developed O -no O -more O -hypercapnia O -or O -acidosis O -during O -sleep O -when O -breathing O -oxygen B-Chemical -than O -when O -breathing O -air O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -stable O -to O -alkali B-Chemical -( O -pH O -10 O -) O -and O -less O -stable O -to O -acid O -( O -pH O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -methylmercury O -on O -brain O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -in O -the O -developing O -rat O -pup O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -delta4 O -- O -3 O -- O -keto O -analogs O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -24 O -- O -methylcholesterol O -and O -gorgosterol O -were O -found O -in O -the O -extracts O -of O -P O -. O -homomalla O -. O - -aps B-category -Fractional O -digitonin O -precipitation O -and O -alumina O -column O -chromatography O -were O -found O -to O -possess O -greater O -sterol B-Chemical -separation O -abilities O -than O -previously O -recognized O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Renal O -tubular O -acidosis O -, O -Renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aldosterone I-Chemical -system O -illustrated O -by O -a O -case O -with O -pronounced O -hypokalemia O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Analogous O -action O -of O -synanthrin O -and O -heparin B-Chemical -on O -DNA O -- O -ase O -activity O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Adaptation O -to O -oxygen B-Chemical -breathing O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -PaO2 O -, O -is O -elevated O -with O -and O -average O -of O -12 O -mm O -mercury O -column O -after O -30 O -minutes O -25 O -% O -oxygen B-Chemical -breathing O -and O -PaCO2 O -- O -- O -at O -an O -average O -of O -8 O -mm O -mercury O -column O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adaptation O -to O -oxygen B-Chemical -breathing O -decreases O -the O -danger O -of O -critical O -intensification O -of O -the O -respiratory O -depression O -in O -the O -course O -of O -the O -treatment O -and O -conditions O -for O -a O -successful O -application O -of O -O2 O -treatment O -at O -home O -are O -created O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -catalytic O -properties O -of O -peptides O -containing O -histidine O -, O -cysteine B-Chemical -and O -aspartic O -acid O -in O -ester O -hydrolysis O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Others O -, O -such O -as O -methylamine O -, O -ammonia B-Chemical -, O -gramicidin O -and O -nigericin O -do O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Hygienic O -evaluation O -of O -the O -dust O -- O -forming O -properties O -of O -raw O -iron B-Chemical -ore O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -Km O -values O -are O -1 O -. O -4 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -M O -and O -6 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -for O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -and O -L O -- O -asparagine O -substrates O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidation O -of O -malate B-Chemical -, O -succinate O -, O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -or O -glutamate B-Chemical -as O -the O -sole O -substrates O -, O -was O -1 O -/ O -4 O -- O -1 O -/ O -5 O -that O -observed O -with O -pyruvate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -state O -4 O -, O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -exogenous O -acceptor O -or O -acetyl O -residues O -, O -acetate O -was O -the O -main O -oxidation O -product O -, O -corresponding O -to O -about O -80 O -% O -of O -the O -amount O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -utilized O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -state O -3 O -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -malate B-Chemical -were O -converted O -mainly O -to O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -, O -its O -concentration O -being O -three O -times O -as O -high O -as O -that O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -I2 O -inhibited O -all O -thiol B-Chemical -proteases O -tested O -, O -but O -not O -trypsin O -, O -chymotrypsin O -, O -or O -rat O -skin O -cathepsin O -D O -. O -I2 O -formed O -an O -equimolar O -complex O -with O -papain O -and O -benzoylarginine O -- O -2 O -- O -naphthylamide O -hydrolase O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -is O -recognized O -as O -a O -tranquillizer O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -this O -method O -of O -study O -it O -was O -found O -that O -1 O -mg O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -produced O -a O -comparable O -degree O -of O -amnesia O -to O -10 O -mg O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -although O -its O -action O -was O -slightly O -longer O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -evaluation O -of O -neuromuscular O -blockade O -and O -reversibility O -of O -AH O -8165 O -and O -pancuronium B-Chemical -bromide B-Chemical -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -AH O -8165 O -and O -0 O -. O -04 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -pancuronium B-Chemical -bromide B-Chemical -produced O -very O -similar O -degrees O -of O -non O -- O -depolarizing O -block O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -neostigmine B-Chemical -caused O -rapid O -and O -complete O -return O -of O -muscle O -twitch O -tension O -, O -well O -- O -maintained O -tetanus O -and O -insignificant O -posttetanic O -potentiation O -within O -20 O -minutes O -, O -with O -a O -similar O -efficiency O -of O -competitive O -neuromuscular O -block O -reversal O -for O -both O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -were O -carried O -out O -during O -a O -1 O -- O -year O -clinical O -trial O -, O -the O -effects O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -( O -S O -) O -and O -xylitol O -( O -X O -) O -chewing O -gum O -on O -the O -incidence O -of O -dental O -caries O -being O -observed O -in O -100 O -young O -adults O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -geometric O -mean O -values O -of O -S O -. O -sanguis O -and O -S O -. O -mutans O -as O -well O -as O -the O -total O -CFU O -values O -on O -phenol B-Chemical -red O -agar O -decreased O -considerably O -in O -both O -the O -S O -- O -and O -X O -- O -groups O -, O -but O -no O -significant O -differences O -could O -be O -detected O -in O -any O -of O -the O -streptococcal O -counts O -between O -the O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -assay O -was O -carried O -out O -in O -10 O -female O -subjects O -with O -regard O -to O -changes O -of O -pH O -, O -buffering O -capacity O -and O -electrolytes O -in O -saliva O -as O -influenced O -by O -chewing O -of O -fructose O -, O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -sorbitol O -and O -xylitol O -gum O -, O -gum O -base O -and O -paraffin O -. O - -aps B-category -Generally O -, O -xylitol O -and O -sorbitol O -on O -one O -hand O -, O -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -and O -fructose O -on O -the O -other O -, O -behaved O -in O -an O -almost O -similar O -way O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mode O -of O -action O -whereby O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltyrosine I-Chemical -( O -alpha O -- O -MT O -) O -potentiates O -the O -behavioural O -effects O -induced O -by O -catecholamine B-Chemical -receptor O -blocking O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -was O -investigated O -in O -rats O -trained O -to O -lever O -- O -press O -for O -food O -on O -a O -fixed O -- O -ratio O -40 O -schedule O -of O -reinforcement O -. O - -aps B-category -which O -blocks O -central O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -NA O -) O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -thioridazine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -intraperitoneally O -- O -- O -15 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -were O -not O -potentiated O -by O -the O -administration O -of O -the O -inhibitor O -of O -DA O -- O -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -, O -bis O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -methyl O -- O -1 O -- O -homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl O -) O -disulfide O -( O -FLA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -63 I-Chemical -) O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -subcutaneously O -- O -- O -1 O -hr O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Potentiation O -by O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltyrosine I-Chemical -of O -the O -suppression O -of O -food O -- O -reinforced O -lever O -- O -pressing O -behaviour O -induced O -by O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholinergic O -mechanisms O -in O -the O -learning O -and O -memory O -facilitating O -effect O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Applied O -immediately O -after O -training O -, O -caffeine B-Chemical -even O -in O -higher O -doses O -( O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -also O -improves O -the O -memory O -indices O -24 O -hours O -and O -14 O -days O -after O -the O -experiment O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -background O -of O -the O -anticholinergic O -agents O -( O -especially O -in O -the O -higher O -doses O -) O -, O -the O -learning O -and O -memory O -facilitating O -effects O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -are O -not O -manifested O -in O -any O -of O -the O -experimental O -setups O -( O -administration O -before O -and O -after O -train O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Antihistaminic O -and O -local O -anesthetic O -effects O -of O -benzhydryl O -- O -beta O -- O -( O -hexahydrooxazocino O -- O -1 O -, O -5 O -) O -ethyl O -ether B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serum O -concentration O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -and O -the O -activities O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -ASAT O -, O -GOT O -) O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -ALAT O -, O -GPT O -) O -, O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -( O -GT O -) O -, O -total O -amylase O -and O -pancreatic O -isoamylase O -have O -been O -determined O -in O -serum O -of O -182 O -male O -chronic O -alcoholics O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -S O -- O -ALAT O -and O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bilirubin I-Chemical -did O -not O -add O -to O -the O -cases O -with O -abnormal O -laboratory O -tests O -demonstrated O -by O -the O -combination O -of O -S O -- O -ASAT O -and O -S O -- O -GT O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Significance O -of O -metabolites O -of O -cerebral O -monoamines B-Chemical -in O -relation O -to O -neuronal O -function O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Problems O -in O -determination O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -dissociation O -of O -avian O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -erythrocyte O -- O -plasma O -disequilibria O -in O -lung O -and O -systemic O -capillaries O -which O -is O -a O -consequence O -of O -the O -slowness O -of O -plasma O -CO2 O -hydrolysis O -are O -not O -significant O -in O -terms O -of O -the O -delivery O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -to O -tissue O -, O -but O -result O -in O -slightly O -lower O -unloading O -of O -CO2 O -in O -the O -lungs O -compared O -to O -that O -which O -might O -occur O -at O -full O -equilibration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -carotid O -chemoreceptors O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -under O -hypoxia O -with O -and O -without O -hypercapnia O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -a O -shift O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -dissociation O -curve O -on O -myocardial O -oxygenation O -at O -hypoxia O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -of O -prolactin O -secretion O -by O -the O -hypothalamic O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Still O -other O -pharmacological O -agents O -such O -as O -DMPEA O -, O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -, O -reserpine B-Chemical -, O -and O -certain O -of O -the O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -are O -very O -effective O -in O -causing O -a O -stimulation O -of O -prolactin O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -densities O -of O -purified O -herpes O -simplex O -virus O -( O -HSV O -) O -particles O -prepared O -from O -infected O -rabbit O -lung O -( O -ZP O -) O -and O -baby O -hamster O -kidney O -( O -BHK O -- O -21 O -) O -cells O -were O -investigated O -in O -potassium B-Chemical -tartrate O -( O -PT O -) O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -citrate B-Chemical -( O -PC O -) O -density O -gradients O -. O - -aps B-category -Deoxyadenosine O -reversibly O -inhibited O -the O -development O -of O -antiviral O -state O -( O -AVS O -) O -in O -chick O -embryo O -fibroblasts O -stimulated O -by O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -primed O -interferon B-Chemical -response O -and O -the O -kinetics O -of O -development O -of O -priming O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -continuous O -presence O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -during O -the O -pretreatment O -period O -was O -not O -required O -for O -the O -development O -of O -the O -primed O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -following O -a O -meal O -, O -pH O -in O -the O -second O -portion O -of O -the O -duodenum O -remained O -consistently O -greater O -than O -4 O -. O -5 O -and O -plasma O -secretin O -levels O -showed O -no O -changes O -from O -basal O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -methylated O -PGE2 B-Chemical -analogs O -given O -orally O -on O -pancreatic O -response O -to O -secretin O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -secretion O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -was O -not O -changed O -by O -these O -PGE2 B-Chemical -analogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Bicarbonate O -infusion O -demonstrated O -a O -large O -fractional O -excretion O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -( O -28 O -. O -6 O -per O -cent O -at O -a O -plasma O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -level O -of O -23 O -meq O -/ O -liter O -) O -which O -was O -consistent O -with O -proximal O -renal O -tubular O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Marked O -deposition O -of O -iron B-Chemical -in O -renal O -proximal O -tubules O -was O -associated O -with O -these O -functional O -abnormalities O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -cycle O -should O -be O -interrupted O -with O -appropriate O -doses O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Examination O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -kinetics O -, O -pancreatic O -alpha O -and O -beta O -cell O -function O -, O -plasma O -lipids O -, O -urinary O -acidification O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -excretion O -has O -been O -undertaken O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -hereditary O -fructose O -intolerance O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -showed O -that O -, O -24 O -hours O -after O -the O -last O -insulin O -injection O -and O -under O -basal O -conditions O -, O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -concentrations O -increased O -because O -glucose B-Chemical -production O -exceeded O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -administration O -of O -sorbitol O -there O -was O -no O -change O -in O -the O -metabolic O -clearance O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -the O -metabolic O -clearance O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -remained O -unchanged O -, O -it O -was O -concluded O -that O -the O -change O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -was O -solely O -due O -to O -the O -decrease O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -plasma O -glucagon O -concentration O -increased O -and O -, O -hence O -, O -changes O -in O -this O -hormone O -could O -not O -account O -for O -the O -decrease O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Maternal O -absorption O -and O -placental O -transfer O -of O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Maternal O -and O -fetal O -plasma O -cortisol B-Chemical -levels O -rose O -significantly O -at O -the O -end O -of O -the O -hemorrhage O -. O - -aps B-category -HCO3 O -transport O -in O -rat O -jejunum O -: O -relationship O -to O -NaCl B-Chemical -and O -H2O O -transport O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Na O -+ O -- O -dependent O -HCO3 O -- O -absorption O -made O -up O -a O -larger O -part O -of O -total O -HCO3 O -- O -absorption O -as O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -HCO3 O -- O -concentrations O -diminished O -, O -although O -the O -precise O -degree O -of O -Na O -+ O -- O -dependency O -could O -not O -be O -determined O -because O -of O -the O -unstirred O -layer O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Vitamin O -K1 O -intestinal O -absorption O -in O -vivo O -: O -influence O -of O -luminal B-Chemical -contents O -on O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -bladder O -absorption O -of O -stable O -and O -radiofluoride O -was O -studied O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -in O -anesthetized O -rats O -to O -further O -evaluate O -the O -influence O -of O -pH O -gradients O -on O -fluoride B-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -bladder O -fluoride B-Chemical -absorption O -is O -inversely O -related O -to O -pH O -over O -the O -1 O -. O -85 O -- O -5 O -. O -50 O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -are O -consistent O -with O -a O -first O -- O -order O -absorptive O -process O -which O -occurs O -by O -the O -nonionic O -diffusion O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Action O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -H1 O -and O -H2 O -blockers O -on O -the O -cardiopulmonary O -circulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -was O -administered O -intravenously O -and O -into O -the O -pulmonary O -artery O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -indicate O -that O -intravenous O -histamine B-Chemical -produces O -tachycardia O -, O -systemic O -hypotension O -, O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -, O -and O -reduced O -cardiac O -output O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -injected O -directly O -into O -the O -pulmonary O -artery O -histamine B-Chemical -failed O -to O -elicit O -any O -circulatory O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -a O -) O -central O -hemodynamic O -responses O -do O -not O -seem O -to O -be O -mediated O -through O -specific O -H1 O -and O -H2 O -receptors O -; O -b O -) O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -pulmonary O -vasoconstriction O -can O -be O -reversed O -by O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -anesthesia O -, O -and O -c O -) O -the O -absence O -of O -circulatory O -response O -to O -intrapulmonary O -histamine B-Chemical -administration O -suggests O -that O -whatever O -receptors O -that O -may O -exist O -in O -the O -pulmonary O -vascular O -bed O -are O -not O -necessary O -for O -the O -central O -hemodynamic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -group O -of O -baboons O -received O -red O -blood O -cells O -with O -a O -normal O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -) O -level O -and O -normal O -affinity O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -and O -in O -this O -group O -the O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -level O -after O -transfusion O -was O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -groups O -of O -baboons O -, O -the O -inspired O -oxygen B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -lowered O -and O -arterial O -PO2 O -tension O -was O -maintained O -at O -55 O -- O -60 O -mmHg O -for O -2 O -h O -after O -transfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -red O -blood O -cells O -with O -decreased O -affinity O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -maintained O -satisfactory O -oxygen B-Chemical -delivery O -to O -tissue O -during O -hypoxia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -urea B-Chemical -concentration O -is O -disproportionately O -high O -for O -the O -degree O -of O -dehydration O -and O -constitutes O -an O -increasing O -fraction O -of O -total O -plasma O -osmolality O -. O - -aps B-category -Metiamide O -obviated O -the O -protective O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -against O -ulcerations O -even O -though O -it O -did O -not O -reduce O -H O -+ O -secretion O -to O -zero O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -sensitivity O -to O -pentagastric O -was O -also O -observed O -although O -parietal O -cell O -mass O -( O -maximum O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -output O -) O -was O -unchanged O -postoperatively O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -corneal O -epithelium O -the O -levels O -of O -the O -oxidized B-Chemical -and I-Chemical -reduced I-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -, O -the O -oxidized O -and O -reduced O -triphosphopyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -, O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -the O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ratios O -of O -the O -levels O -of O -the O -metabolites O -involved O -suggested O -that O -the O -reactions O -of O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -of O -the O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -operate O -dependent O -on O -the O -redox O -state O -of O -the O -triphosphopyridine O -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -values O -of O -basic O -acid O -- O -base O -balance O -parameters O -, O -blood O -gases O -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -lactate B-Chemical -levels O -and O -" O -lactate B-Chemical -excess O -" O -were O -determined O -before O -and O -after O -hyperventilation O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -changes O -were O -observed O -in O -the O -oxygenation O -of O -capillary O -blood O -and O -the O -values O -of O -" O -lactate B-Chemical -excess O -" O -were O -normal O -which O -rules O -out O -tissue O -hypoxia O -during O -acute O -respiratory O -alkalosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Tris O -( O -hydroxymethyl O -) O -aminomethane O -( O -tromethamine O -or O -THAM O -) O -has O -been O -suggested O -as O -an O -effective O -substitute O -for O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -( O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -) O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -metabolic O -acidosis O -accompanying O -cardiac O -arrest O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -group O -of O -8 O -dogs O -was O -treated O -with O -0 O -. O -9 O -percent O -NaCl B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Correction O -of O -metabolic O -acidosis O -is O -important O -supportive O -therapy O -, O -but O -either O -THAM O -or O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -can O -be O -used O -with O -comparatively O -equivalent O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -the O -same O -experimental O -model O -, O -the O -present O -study O -examined O -the O -effect O -of O -whole O -- O -lung O -administration O -of O -N2O O -, O -fluroxene O -, O -isoflurane B-Chemical -, O -halothane B-Chemical -, O -and O -enflurane B-Chemical -on O -left O -- O -lower O -- O -lobe O -HPV O -. O - -aps B-category -N2O O -( O -one O -third O -MAC O -) O -caused O -slight O -but O -significant O -inhibition O -, O -while O -halothane B-Chemical -and O -enflurane B-Chemical -caused O -slight O -and O -nonsignificant O -changes O -in O -lobar O -HPV O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -amounts O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -were O -removed O -through O -an O -extracorporeal O -membrane O -lung O -in O -spontaneously O -breathing O -lambs O -. O - -aps B-category -Pulmonary O -ventilation O -can O -be O -controlled O -by O -extracorporeal O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -removal O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -measurements O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -AH8165 O -on O -the O -margin O -of O -safety O -of O -neuromuscular O -transmission O -gave O -values O -comparable O -to O -those O -obtained O -with O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tubocurarine I-Chemical -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -the O -twitch O -remained O -normal O -until O -75 O -- O -80 O -per O -cent O -of O -the O -receptors O -were O -blocked O -and O -was O -abolished O -when O -90 O -- O -95 O -per O -cent O -of O -the O -receptors O -were O -occluded O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -are O -characterised O -by O -the O -large O -number O -of O -pharmacological O -effects O -they O -develop O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -in O -particular O -the O -case O -where O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -are O -administered O -after O -ingestion O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -They O -are O -pharmacologically O -insufficient O -, O -but O -are O -potentialised O -by O -injection O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -, O -and O -may O -become O -active O -again O -, O -and O -even O -toxic O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -origin O -and O -success O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Pharmacological O -experience O -with O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -and O -butyrophenones O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -place O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -modern O -technics O -of O -neuroleptanalgesia O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Endocrine O -effects O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -endocrine O -response O -to O -their O -intravenous O -administration O -is O -still O -ill O -- O -known O -and O -usually O -only O -concerns O -the O -association O -of O -anesthetics O -and O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -injection O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -associated O -with O -analgesics O -, O -raises O -the O -blood O -levels O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -does O -not O -induce O -a O -rise O -in O -ACTH B-Chemical -and O -cortisol B-Chemical -levels O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -stress O -, O -but O -does O -not O -totally O -prevent O -their O -rise O -in O -cases O -of O -aggression O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -far O -as O -STH O -, O -or O -growth O -hormone O -, O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -insulin O -are O -concerned O -, O -one O -may O -note O -a O -rise O -with O -associations O -containing O -droperidol B-Chemical -even O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -any O -stress O -and O -stability O -with O -a O -mixture O -of O -chlorprotixene O -and O -dextromoramide O -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -becomes O -reduced O -with O -the O -association O -of O -droperidol B-Chemical -+ O -analgesics O -but O -this O -effect O -does O -not O -seem O -to O -be O -specific O -to O -droperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -was O -oriented O -on O -changes O -in O -the O -sympathetico O -- O -adrenalin O -pituitary O -response O -, O -and O -the O -use O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -under O -the O -effect O -of O -these O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparative O -study O -was O -carried O -out O -with O -similar O -techniques O -using O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -pentazocine B-Chemical -or O -fentanyl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Analgesic O -anesthesia O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Anesthesia O -analgesia O -with O -fentanyl B-Chemical -and O -fentathienyl O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -present O -, O -the O -author O -has O -replaced O -, O -in O -his O -technique O -, O -fentanyl B-Chemical -by O -fentathienyl O -which O -is O -a O -morphine B-Chemical -derivative O -6 O -to O -7 O -times O -more O -powerful O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Definition O -of O -the O -antineurotic O -, O -antipsychotic O -, O -neuroplegic O -and O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -properties O -of O -psychotropic O -substances O -used O -in O -anesthesia O -and O -resuscitation O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -revision O -of O -the O -terminology O -avoids O -the O -confusion O -maintained O -by O -the O -use O -of O -terms O -" O -tranquillisers O -" O -and O -" O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -" O -in O -the O -classification O -of O -psychotropic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -rest O -period O -, O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -and O -total O -- O -body O -irradiation O -are O -given O -sequentially O -. O - -aps B-category -Base O -line O -DNA O -synthesis O -was O -, O -however O -, O -less O -inhibited O -by O -sera O -from O -irradiated O -or O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Influence O -of O -acute O -and O -chronic O -alcoholism O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -two O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -: O -oxazepam B-Chemical -and O -medazepam O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -paper O -reviews O -the O -techniques O -available O -to O -the O -clinical O -biochemist O -for O -measuring O -ionised O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -biological O -fluids O -with O -particular O -reference O -to O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -techniques O -compare O -favourably O -in O -terms O -of O -precision O -with O -existing O -methods O -for O -measuring O -total O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -main O -problem O -in O -the O -measurement O -of O -ionised O -calcium B-Chemical -is O -the O -marked O -dependence O -of O -the O -ionised O -fraction O -of O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -sample O -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -evidence O -is O -presented O -that O -the O -determination O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transferase O -( O -GGT O -) O -activity O -in O -serum O -is O -useful O -in O -the O -assessment O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -liver O -disease O -and O -for O -demonstrating O -to O -patients O -the O -toxic O -effects O -of O -their O -drinking O -habits O -on O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -in O -vitro O -activity O -of O -piribenicillin O -, O -ticarcillin O -, O -and O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -against O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -pH O -effect O -was O -greatest O -with O -pirbenicillin O -, O -for O -6 O -. O -25 O -mug O -of O -pirbenicillin O -per O -ml O -inhibited O -7 O -, O -11 O -, O -and O -57 O -% O -of O -the O -strains O -at O -pH O -6 O -, O -7 O -, O -and O -8 O -, O -respectively O -; O -these O -values O -were O -4 O -, O -4 O -, O -and O -11 O -% O -with O -ticarcillin O -and O -0 O -, O -0 O -, O -and O -7 O -% O -with O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -- O -Lactamase O -from O -strains O -of O -Bacteroides O -melaninogenicus O -and O -Bacteroides O -oralis O -hydrolyzed O -penicillin B-Chemical -more O -rapidly O -than O -ampicillin B-Chemical -or O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Activity O -was O -found O -only O -in O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -strains O -, O -but O -there O -was O -considerable O -variation O -in O -activity O -among O -strains O -having O -the O -same O -minimal O -inhibitory O -concentrations O -of O -antibiotic O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluorescence O -studies O -suggested O -that O -the O -enzyme O -contained O -tryptophan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -inhibition O -nor O -activation O -of O -beta O -- O -galactosidase O -in O -immobilized O -L O -. O -bulgaricus O -and O -E O -. O -coli O -appeared O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -galactose B-Chemical -, O -but O -remarkable O -inhibition O -by O -galactose B-Chemical -was O -detected O -in O -the O -case O -of O -the O -enzyme O -of O -immobilized O -K O -. O -lactis O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -immobilized O -microbial O -cells O -, O -when O -introduced O -into O -skim O -milk O -, O -demonstrated O -high O -activity O -for O -converting O -lactose O -to O -monosaccharides B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Reovirus O -was O -also O -found O -to O -aggregate O -when O -diluted O -into O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -buffered I-Chemical -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -Fermentation O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -by O -a O -saccharolytic O -strain O -of O -Bacteroides O -melaninogenicus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -14C O -- O -labeled O -products O -included O -succinate O -, O -acetate O -, O -CO2 O -, O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -, O -formate O -, O -malate B-Chemical -, O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -and O -fumarate O -in O -the O -relative O -percentages O -68 O -, O -15 O -, O -9 O -. O -9 O -, O -2 O -. O -7 O -, O -1 O -. O -8 O -, O -1 O -. O -0 O -, O -0 O -. O -7 O -, O -0 O -. O -5 O -, O -and O -0 O -. O -06 O -, O -respectively O -, O -based O -on O -the O -total O -counts O -per O -minute O -of O -the O -L O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -aspartate B-Chemical -fermented O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -is O -mainly O -being O -reduced O -through O -a O -number O -of O -intermediate O -reactions O -involving O -enzymes O -of O -the O -tricarboxylic O -acid O -cycle O -to O -succinate O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -disinfectants O -( O -chlorine O -, O -a O -quaternary B-Chemical -ammonium I-Chemical -product O -, O -and O -a O -phenolic O -disinfectant O -) O -were O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -, O -molecular O -weight O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -and O -subunit O -composition O -of O -arylsulfatase O -A O -from O -human O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Urease O -- O -catalyzed O -urea B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -pH O -on O -the O -rates O -of O -isotope O -exchange O -catalyzed O -by O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -characterization O -of O -the O -inactive O -Ca2 O -+ O -, O -Mg2 O -+ O -- O -activated O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -of O -the O -unc O -A O -- O -mutant O -Escherichia O -coli O -AN120 O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -and O -regulatory O -properties O -of O -two O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -from O -the O -cellular O -slime O -mold O -Dictyostelium O -discoideum O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -purification O -, O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -, O -and O -the O -NH2 O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -. O - -aps B-category -Systemic O -administration O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -was O -of O -some O -therapeutic O -value O -, O -and O -increasing O -exposure O -to O -natural O -sunlight O -was O -associated O -with O -substantial O -in O -crease O -in O -his O -tolerance O -to O -sunlight O -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -data O -for O -the O -decay O -of O -acrolein B-Chemical -approximated O -first O -order O -kinetics O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -proposed O -that O -data O -presented O -on O -the O -effects O -of O -pH O -on O -decay O -of O -acrolein B-Chemical -may O -be O -used O -as O -a O -conservative O -estimate O -of O -dissipation O -rates O -in O -water O -where O -non O -- O -target O -organisms O -are O -at O -risk O -. O - -aps B-category -Proteolytic O -enzymes O -( O -trypsin O -, O -pepsin O -, O -papain O -, O -pancreatin O -) O -, O -KJ O -, O -and O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -( O -or O -its O -derivatives O -) O -were O -better O -tollerated O -by O -common O -respiratory O -pathogens O -( O -H O -. O -influenzae O -, O -D O -. O -pneumoniae O -, O -Klebsiella O -, O -etc O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -The O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -showed O -also O -one O -of O -the O -strongest O -viscolytic O -effect O -and O -therefore O -it O -was O -selected O -for O -the O -routinary O -sputum O -digestion O -at O -the O -concentration O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -in O -PBS O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Due O -to O -the O -selection O -of O -strains O -penicillinase O -- O -producing O -because O -of O -the O -large O -use O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -, O -the O -most O -part O -of O -clinical O -isolates O -of O -staphylococci O -is O -now O -resistant O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -there O -is O -now O -a O -growing O -number O -of O -indications O -about O -the O -emergence O -of O -methicillin B-Chemical -resistant O -strains O -of O -staphylococci O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -by O -non O -- O -narcotic O -analgesic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -compounds O -inhibit O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -from O -arachidonic O -acid O -in O -a O -guinea O -- O -pig O -lung O -homogenate O -as O -strongly O -as O -indomethacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -is O -the O -least O -active O -in O -both O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacological O -profile O -of O -glafenine O -, O -floctafenine O -and O -clometacine O -is O -characterized O -by O -a O -relatively O -strong O -effect O -on O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -writhing O -and O -a O -relatively O -weak O -effect O -on O -carrageenin O -oedema O -, O -U O -. O -V O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -show O -that O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -could O -play O -an O -important O -role O -in O -the O -genesis O -of O -tissulary O -pain O -in O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -responses O -were O -blocked O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clenbuterol O -produced O -marked O -relaxation O -of O -intrinsic O -tone O -tracheal O -preparations O -in O -concentrations O -up O -to O -3000 O -times O -less O -than O -were O -required O -on O -carbachol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -contracted I-Chemical -preparations O -, O -whereas O -for O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -the O -concentrations O -required O -on O -intrinsic O -tone O -preparations O -were O -only O -55 O -fold O -less O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -shows O -beta2 O -- O -selectivity O -in O -that O -its O -potency O -, O -relative O -to O -that O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -on O -the O -preparations O -containing O -beta2 O -- O -adrenoceptors O -was O -much O -higher O -than O -on O -those O -with O -beta1 O -- O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -application O -into O -the O -rat O -conjunctiva O -of O -various O -phlogistic O -agents O -, O -such O -as O -croton O -oil O -, O -mustard O -oil O -and O -formaldehyde O -, O -elicits O -an O -increase O -of O -serum O -corticosterone B-Chemical -linearly O -related O -to O -the O -log O -of O -the O -applied O -concentrations O -, O -so O -that O -from O -their O -parallelized O -regression O -lines O -it O -is O -possible O -to O -calculate O -the O -phlogistic O -potency O -of O -each O -tested O -agent O -in O -reference O -to O -croton O -oil O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -corticosterone B-Chemical -is O -shown O -to O -be O -the O -quickest O -and O -the O -most O -sensitive O -of O -the O -adopted O -indices O -, O -even O -if O -the O -phlogistic O -potency O -of O -the O -tested O -agents O -and O -the O -precision O -of O -these O -evaluations O -substantially O -coincides O -whatsoever O -the O -index O -adopted O -. O - -aps B-category -Photoproduction O -of O -ammonium B-Chemical -ion O -from O -N2 O -in O -Rhodospirillum O -rubrum O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitrogenase O -activities O -and O -NH O -+ O -4 O -production O -from O -fixed O -N2 O -were O -increased O -considerably O -when O -a O -combined O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -, O -NH O -+ O -4 O -( O -greater O -than O -40 O -mumoles O -NH O -+ O -4 O -/ O -mg O -cell O -protein O -in O -6 O -days O -) O -or O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -( O -greater O -than O -60 O -mumoles O -NH O -+ O -4 O -/ O -mg O -cell O -protein O -in O -6 O -days O -) O -was O -added O -to O -the O -cultures O -together O -with O -MSX O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -activity O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -was O -observed O -to O -be O -maximal O -when O -nitrogenase O -activity O -was O -also O -maximal O -. O - -aps B-category -Intact O -cells O -of O -Nitrosomonas O -europaea O -grown O -in O -an O -ammonium B-Chemical -salts O -medium O -will O -oxidise O -ammonium B-Chemical -ions O -, O -hydroxylamine O -and O -ascorbate O -- O -TMPD O -; O -there O -is O -no O -oxidation O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -, O -methane O -or O -methanol O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -that O -free O -ammonia B-Chemical -is O -the O -species O -crossing O -the O -cytoplasmic O -membrane O -( O -s O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -PA01 O -was O -found O -to O -utilise O -both O -the O -D O -- O -and O -L O -- O -isomers O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -and O -also O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -as O -sole O -sources O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -energy O -for O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -using O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -, O -D O -- O -xylose O -, O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -and O -D O -- O -fructose O -in O -the O -strictly O -aerobic O -yeast O -Rhodotorula O -glutinis O -and O -by O -comparing O -the O -half O -- O -saturation O -constants O -with O -inhibition O -constants O -the O -yeast O -was O -shown O -to O -possess O -a O -single O -common O -system O -for O -D O -- O -xylose O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -( O -Km O -' O -s O -and O -Ki O -' O -s O -all O -between O -0 O -. O -5 O -and O -1 O -. O -1 O -mM O -) O -but O -another O -distinct O -transport O -system O -for O -D O -- O -fructose O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -different O -character O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -uptake O -is O -underlined O -by O -its O -relative O -independence O -of O -pH O -( O -its O -" O -Km O -" O -is O -completely O -pH O -- O -insensitive O -) O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -all O -other O -sugars O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -chemostat O -cultures O -a O -value O -of O -17 O -. O -5 O -g O -/ O -mole O -was O -found O -for O -Y O -max O -ATP O -and O -a O -value O -of O -2 O -. O -3 O -mmoles O -ATP O -/ O -g O -dry O -weight O -h O -for O -the O -maintenance O -coeficient O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -a O -mu O -value O -of O -1 O -. O -44 O -h O -- O -1 O -the O -molar O -growth O -yield O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -about O -70 O -and O -Y O -ATP O -about O -28 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Cultures O -growing O -on O -N2 O -as O -the O -only O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -have O -high O -activities O -of O -nitrogenase O -, O -unadenylated O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -and O -low O -levels O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -2 O -- O -3 O -h O -complete O -absorption O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -against O -an O -ammonium B-Chemical -gradient O -coinciding O -with O -an O -increased O -growth O -rate O -of O -the O -bacteria O -is O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Upon O -deadenylation O -these O -events O -are O -reversed O -. O -- O -- O -Addition O -of O -dinitrophenol O -causes O -transient O -leakage O -of O -intracellular O -ammonium B-Chemical -into O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamine O -synthetase O -( O -GS O -) O -activity O -of O -Schizosaccharomyces O -pombe O -972 O -was O -high O -in O -ammonia B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -cultures O -, O -low O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -sulphate O -- O -limited O -cultures O -and O -not O -detected O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -activity O -increased O -in O -ammonia B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -starved I-Chemical -, O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -cultures O -and O -in O -the O -ammonia B-Chemical -' O -pulse O -' O -system O -when O -the O -added O -ammonia B-Chemical -had O -been O -utilised O -. O - -aps B-category -GS O -activity O -was O -inversely O -related O -to O -the O -intracellular O -concentration O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -are O -consistent O -with O -previous O -evidence O -suggesting O -that O -age O -and O -sex O -are O -important O -determinants O -of O -amine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -the O -human O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Search O -for O -new O -aminoguanidine B-Chemical -derivatives O -with O -immunosuppressive O -and O -cytostatic O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -Reactions O -of O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -, O -nitroamino O -- O -and O -diaminoguanidine O -( O -I O -, O -II O -, O -III O -) O -with O -acetylpyruvic O -acid O -ethyl O -ester O -( O -IV O -) O -at O -varying O -pH O -of O -the O -medium O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -NaCl B-Chemical -and O -other O -chloride B-Chemical -salts O -enhance O -the O -inactivation O -of O -poliovirus O -at O -pH O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -human O -diploid O -fibroblast O -LEP O -cells O -infected O -with O -AD169 O -strain O -of O -human O -cytomegalovirus O -( O -CMV O -) O -a O -sharp O -increase O -of O -cytosol O -thymidine B-Chemical -kinase O -activity O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -effect O -on O -bull O -behaviour O -was O -noted O -in O -the O -cryptorchids O -although O -plasma O -testosterone B-Chemical -levels O -were O -lower O -than O -those O -reported O -for O -bulls O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -electrophoretic O -polymorphism O -of O -the O -peroxisomal O -enzyme O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -was O -observed O -in O -NZC O -strain O -Mus O -musculus O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirdly O -, O -high O -activities O -of O -hexokinase O -are O -found O -in O -the O -radular O -muscles O -of O -prosobranch O -molluscs O -and O -the O -fin O -muscles O -of O -squids O -; O -this O -indicates O -a O -high O -capacity O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -, O -which O -is O -consistent O -with O -the O -high O -activities O -of O -enzymes O -of O -the O -tricarboxylic O -acid O -cycle O -in O -these O -muscles O -[ O -Alp O -, O -Newsholme O -& O -amp O -; O -Zammit O -( O -1976 O -) O -Biochem O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -muscles O -are O -divided O -into O -four O -groups O -: O -those O -that O -have O -a O -high O -activity O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -relative O -to O -the O -activities O -of O -phosphofructokinase O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -scallop O -snap O -muscle O -) O -; O -those O -that O -have O -moderate O -activities O -of O -both O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -octopine O -dehydrogenase O -( O -radular O -muscles O -of O -prosobranchs O -) O -, O -and O -those O -that O -have O -low O -activities O -of O -both O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -octopine O -dehydrogenase O -, O -but O -which O -possess O -activities O -of O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -carboxykinase O -( O -oyster O -adductor O -muscles O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -muscles O -investigated O -possess O -low O -activities O -of O -cytosolic O -glycerol O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -which O -indicates O -that O -glycerol O -phosphate B-Chemical -formation O -is O -quantitatively O -unimportant O -under O -anaerobic O -conditions O -, O -and O -low O -activities O -of O -mitochondrial O -glycerol O -phosphate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -which O -indicates O -that O -the O -glycerol O -phosphate B-Chemical -cycle O -is O -unimportant O -in O -the O -re O -- O -oxidation O -of O -glycolytically O -produced O -NADH O -in O -these O -muscles O -under O -aerobic O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -activities O -of O -nucleoside B-Chemical -diphosphate O -kinase O -were O -found O -in O -muscles O -that O -function O -for O -prolonged O -periods O -under O -anaerobic O -conditions O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O -. O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphate O -entered O -the O -same O -osmotically O -reactive O -space O -as O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -, O -which O -indicates O -that O -transport O -into O -the O -vesicles O -rather O -than O -binding O -to O -the O -membranes O -was O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -with O -different O -anions O -( O -SCN O -- O -, O -Cl O -- O -, O -SO42 O -- O -) O -and O -with O -ionophores O -( O -valinomycin O -, O -monactin O -) O -showed O -that O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -phosphate B-Chemical -transport O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -Na O -+ O -gradient O -is O -almost O -independent O -of O -the O -electrical O -potential O -across O -the O -vesicle O -membrane O -, O -whereas O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -phosphate B-Chemical -transport O -involves O -the O -transfer O -of O -negative O -charge O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -the O -kidney O -, O -probably O -univalent O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -one O -Na O -+ O -ion O -instead O -of O -bivalent O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -two O -Na O -+ O -ions O -are O -transported O -together O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -transannular O -1 O -, O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -is O -converted O -further O -into O -the O -diol O -by O -the O -microsomal O -preparation O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glutathione O -peroxidase O -: O -inhibition O -by O -cyanide O -and O -release O -of O -selenium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Partial O -purification O -and O -characterization O -of O -a O -bacterial O -enzyme O -catalyzing O -reductive O -cleavage O -of O -anthracycline B-Chemical -glycosides O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -chicken O -aorta O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -speed O -supernatant O -fraction O -contained O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -was O -capable O -of O -de O -novo O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -molecular O -weight O -was O -estimated O -to O -be O -450 O -, O -000 O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -agarose O -gel O -filtration O -chromatography O -, O -while O -under O -dissociating O -conditions O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -220 O -, O -000 O -was O -obtained O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -disc O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -enzymatic O -and O -physical O -characteristics O -the O -chicken O -aorta O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -strongly O -resembles O -the O -synthetase O -isolated O -from O -chicken O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -highly O -potent O -heart O -stimulant O -, O -anthopleurin O -A O -, O -from O -Anthopleura O -xanthogrammica O -was O -shown O -to O -exist O -as O -a O -single O -polypeptide O -chain O -consisting O -of O -49 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnetic O -resonance O -studies O -of O -the O -binding O -of O -13C O -- O -labeled O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -to O -myoglobins O -and O -hemoglobins O -containing O -modified O -hemes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nature O -of O -the O -protein O -environment O -around O -the O -ligand O -and O -the O -interaction O -between O -the O -proximal O -histidine O -( O -F8 O -) O -and O -the O -ligand O -( O -through O -the O -iron B-Chemical -atom O -) O -impose O -differences O -between O -subunits O -of O -hemoglobin O -and O -between O -myoglobins O -and O -hemoglobins O -which O -are O -largely O -, O -but O -not O -entirely O -, O -independent O -of O -these O -substituent O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -the O -enzyme O -is O -reported O -; O -no O -covalently O -bound O -phosphate B-Chemical -or O -carbohydrate O -could O -be O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -Purified O -debranching O -enzyme O -releases O -3 O -mumol O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -min O -- O -1 O -mg O -- O -1 O -at O -19 O -degrees O -C O -, O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -, O -from O -a O -glycogen O -limit O -dextrin O -and O -one O -- O -tenth O -this O -amount O -when O -the O -native O -polysaccharide O -is O -used O -as O -substrate O -; O -glycogen O -is O -quantitatively O -degraded O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -phosphorylase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inactivation O -is O -inhibited O -by O -metal O -ions O -and O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -cofactors O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromopyruvate O -is O -reduced O -to O -L O -- O -bromolactate O -by O -malic O -enzyme O -and O -is O -an O -effective O -inhibitor O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -malate I-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -in O -the O -overall O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -alkylation O -, O -bromopyruvate O -interacts O -initially O -at O -the O -carboxylic O -acid O -substrate O -pocket O -of O -the O -active O -site O -, O -as O -indicated O -by O -the O -protective O -effect O -of O -substrates O -and O -the O -ability O -of O -this O -compound O -to O -form O -kinetically O -viable O -complexes O -with O -malic O -enzyme O -, O -particularly O -as O -a O -competitive O -inhibitor O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -carboxylation O -with O -a O -Ki O -( O -90 O -muM O -) O -in O -the O -same O -order O -as O -its O -apparent O -Michaelis O -constant O -of O -98 O -muM O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -paper O -demonstrates O -the O -formation O -of O -" O -active O -CO2 O -" O -( O -CO2 O -- O -P O -) O -, O -a O -precursor O -of O -carbamoyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -CP O -) O -, O -with O -frog O -liver O -carbamoyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -, O -CO2 O -- O -P O -attains O -rapidly O -a O -steady O -- O -state O -level O -, O -which O -depends O -on O -the O -concentration O -of O -ATP O -and O -HCO3 O -- O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -unprotonated O -form O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -seems O -to O -be O -the O -species O -reacting O -with O -CO2 O -- O -P O -to O -produce O -CP O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -use O -of O -intact O -vesicles O -, O -different O -pH O -profiles O -of O -membrane O -phosphorylation O -and O -rates O -of O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphate O -hydrolysis O -were O -obtained O -depending O -on O -the O -assay O -temperature O -, O -on O -the O -Ca2 O -+ O -concentration O -, O -and O -on O -whether O -ATP O -or O -ITP O -was O -used O -as O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -strong O -alkali B-Chemical -, O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -( O -NAD O -+ O -) O -undergoes O -a O -ring O -opening O -of O -the O -nicotinamide O -ring O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -yield O -of O -2 O -- O -hydroxynicotinaldehyde O -from O -ONAD O -has O -been O -estimated O -as O -95 O -% O -at O -NaOH B-Chemical -concentrations O -of O -5 O -N O -and O -above O -, O -and O -is O -postulated O -to O -result O -from O -ring O -closure O -of O -CGDA O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -, O -characterization O -, O -and O -activation O -of O -the O -magnesium B-Chemical -dependent O -endodeoxyribonuclease O -from O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nuclease O -was O -dependent O -on O -magnesium B-Chemical -or O -maganese O -ions O -for O -hydrolytic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nuclease O -activity O -was O -inhibited O -by O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -by O -high O -concentrations O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -( O -NAD O -+ O -) O -to O -yeast O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -GPDH O -) O -has O -been O -studied O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -and O -8 O -. O -5 O -, O -at O -5 O -, O -25 O -, O -and O -40 O -degrees O -C O -, O -by O -calorimetry O -, O -fluorometry O -, O -spectrophotometry O -, O -equilibrium O -dialysis O -, O -and O -flow O -dialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stability O -and O -rate O -constants O -for O -the O -interaction O -of O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -( O -diamox O -) O -and O -4 O -- O -nitrothiophenolate O -ion O -( O -NTP O -) O -with O -the O -bivalent O -Mn O -, O -Co O -, O -Ni O -, O -Cu O -and O -Cd O -forms O -of O -bovine O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -have O -been O -measured O -by O -utilizing O -the O -distinct O -visible O -spectra O -of O -each O -metalloenzyme O -- O -NTP O -adduct O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absence O -of O -a O -deuterium O -- O -isotope O -effect O -on O -V O -at O -pH O -7 O -- O -8 O -and O -comparison O -of O -the O -Ki O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -as O -an O -uncompetitive O -inhibitor O -of O -the O -forward O -reaction O -and O -a O -substrate O -for O -the O -reverse O -reaction O -indicate O -that O -at O -neutral O -pH O -the O -release O -of O -TPNH O -from O -enzyme O -- O -reduced O -triphosphopyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -( O -E O -- O -TPNH O -) O -is O -the O -rate O -- O -limiting O -step O -in O -the O -forward O -direction O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -Mn2 O -+ O -as O -the O -activator O -, O -an O -active O -- O -site O -residue O -with O -a O -pK O -of O -5 O -. O -4 O -must O -be O -protonated O -for O -oxalacetate O -decarboxylation O -and O -ionized O -for O -the O -oxidative O -decarboxylation O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -malate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -V O -profile O -for O -reaction O -of O -malate B-Chemical -shows O -these O -pKs O -displaced O -outward O -by O -1 O -. O -4 O -pH O -units O -, O -since O -the O -rate O -- O -limiting O -step O -is O -normally O -TPNH O -release O -, O -and O -the O -chemical O -reaction O -, O -which O -is O -pH O -sensitive O -, O -is O -25 O -times O -faster O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -on O -the O -properties O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -alkaline O -phosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -Importantly O -, O -the O -binding O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -is O -dependent O -both O -upon O -pH O -and O -zinc B-Chemical -content O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -the O -conditions O -employed O -for O -the O -present O -experimental O -studies O -, O -a O -maximum O -of O -six O -metal O -sites O -are O -available O -to O -bind O -zinc B-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -four O -for O -zinc B-Chemical -and O -two O -for O -magnesium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tritium I-Chemical -exchange O -reveals O -the O -stabilizing O -effects O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -on O -the O -structural O -properties O -of O -phosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -Hence O -, O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -which O -is O -specificially O -bound O -to O -the O -enzyme O -, O -both O -stabilizes O -the O -dynamic O -protein O -structure O -and O -regulates O -the O -expression O -of O -catalytic O -activity O -by O -zinc B-Chemical -in O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -ferroxidase O -II O -with O -8 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -, O -6 O -M O -guanidine O -hydrochloride O -, O -or O -6 O -M O -guanidine O -hydrochloride O -and O -alkylation O -does O -not O -result O -in O -the O -dissociation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -into O -subunits O -. O - -aps B-category -S O -- O -I O -contains O -little O -phospholipid O -, O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -or O -copper B-Chemical -and O -has O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -3 O -. O -8 O -- O -3 O -. O -9 O -X O -10 O -( O -5 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -free O -S O -- O -I O -exhibits O -no O -ferroxidase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -separated O -subunits O -spontaneously O -reassociate O -upon O -removal O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -to O -yield O -a O -fully O -active O -enzyme O -which O -chemically O -appears O -identical O -with O -native O -ferroxidase O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -Circular O -dichroism O -studies O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -and O -analogues O -: O -effects O -of O -primary O -sequence O -, O -solvent O -, O -and O -pH O -on O -the O -side O -- O -chain O -conformation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -evolution O -of O -the O -CD O -spectra O -in O -both O -spectral O -regions O -of O -the O -peptides O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -during O -a O -titration O -from O -pH O -1 O -to O -pH O -12 O -makes O -it O -possible O -to O -elucidate O -further O -the O -role O -of O -ionizable O -groups O -and O -their O -interaction O -with O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -such O -as O -tyrosine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -side O -chains O -of O -valine O -3 O -, O -isoleucine O -5 O -, O -and O -the O -biologically O -essential O -histidine O -6 O -serve O -mainly O -to O -correctly O -align O -the O -phenolic O -ring O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -in O -position O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -resulting O -ferricytochrome O -c O -species O -then O -slowly O -develops O -an O -absorbance O -at O -606 O -nm O -due O -to O -the O -attack O -of O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -on O -the O -haem O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -[ O -3H O -] O -cytochalasin O -B O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -of O -p O -- O -chloromercuribenzoate O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -transport O -inhibited O -binding O -by O -about O -20 O -% O -; O -treatment O -of O -membranes O -with O -0 O -. O -6 O -M O -KI O -which O -depolymerizes O -F O -actin O -to O -G O -actin O -caused O -about O -60 O -% O -inhibition O -of O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -Ureidosuccinic O -acid O -uptake O -occurs O -with O -proline O -but O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -as O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -it O -is O -inhibited O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reactivities O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -in O -lipid O -- O -bound O -cytochrome O -b5 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -acetylation O -with O -acetylimidazole O -resulted O -in O -the O -conversion O -of O -all O -5 O -tyrosine B-Chemical -groups O -of O -lipid O -- O -free O -as O -well O -as O -lipid O -- O -bound O -cytochrome O -b5 O -into O -O O -- O -acetylated O -derivatives O -, O -which O -upon O -treatment O -with O -hydroxylamine O -were O -completely O -deacetylated O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -ion O -- O -flux O -across O -phosphatidylcholine O -membranes O -mediated O -by O -ionophore O -A23187 O -. O - -aps B-category -Permeabilities O -to O -smaller O -molecules O -such O -as O -MgATP2 O -- O -, O -[ O -3H O -] O -inositol B-Chemical -and O -[ O -14C O -] O -choline B-Chemical -were O -initially O -high O -but O -could O -be O -greatly O -reduced O -by O -incubation O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -for O -an O -hour O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -phase O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aggregation O -of O -vesicles O -that O -is O -observed O -during O -fusion O -is O -not O -sufficient O -range O -of O -2 O -. O -0 O -- O -5 O -. O -0 O -mM O -induces O -aggregation O -of O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -vesicles O -but O -no O -significant O -fusion O -nor O -a O -phase O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -the O -newly O -- O -available O -compound O -, O -bis O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -methylumbelliferyl O -) O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -could O -be O -used O -as O -a O -substrate O -for O -the O -pig O -platelet O -surface O -membrane O -- O -associated O -phosphodiesterase O -activity O -, O -usually O -assayed O -with O -bis O -- O -( O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -) O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Chicken O -liver O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -: O -NAD O -+ O -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -27 O -) O -irreversibly O -catalyses O -the O -oxidation O -of O -glyoxylate O -( O -hydrated O -form O -) O -( O -I O -) O -to O -oxalate O -( O -pH O -= O -9 O -. O -6 O -) O -and O -the O -reduction O -of O -( O -non O -- O -hydrated O -form O -) O -( O -II O -) O -to O -glycolate O -( O -pH O -= O -7 O -. O -4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -NAD O -+ O -are O -preincubated O -, O -E O -- O -NAD O -+ O -- O -NAD O -+ O -appears O -and O -causes O -inhibition O -by O -excess O -NAD O -+ O -in O -the O -glyoxylate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -- O -NAD O -+ O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -- O -NAD O -+ O -systems O -; O -the O -second O -NAD O -+ O -molecule O -attaches O -to O -the O -enzyme O -at O -the O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -binding O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -NADP O -- O -linked O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -aldehyde B-Chemical -: O -NADP O -+ O -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -4 O -) O -was O -purified O -from O -Proteus O -vulgaris O -to O -the O -stage O -of O -homogeneity O -as O -judged O -by O -ultracentrifugation O -and O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -did O -not O -require O -coenzyme O -A O -, O -and O -the O -reaction O -was O -completely O -dependent O -on O -ammonium B-Chemical -ions O -which O -could O -be O -partially O -replaced O -by O -Rb O -+ O -or O -K O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -physiological O -role O -of O -the O -enzyme O -in O -living O -cells O -is O -obscure O -, O -but O -might O -account O -for O -another O -degradative O -pathway O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -in O -P O -. O -vulgaris O -differing O -from O -the O -established O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -rates O -of O -phosphorylation O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -mannose O -and O -fructose O -( O -final O -concentration O -5 O -mM O -) O -were O -100 O -, O -64 O -and O -11 O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -activity O -was O -not O -inhibited O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -final O -preparation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -showed O -a O -430 O -- O -fold O -purification O -over O -the O -whole O -homogenate O -and O -appeared O -to O -be O -homogeneous O -since O -it O -gave O -a O -single O -band O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -and O -on O -isoelectric O -focusing O -. O - -aps B-category -Catalytic O -activity O -is O -affected O -by O -amines B-Chemical -, O -especially O -analogues O -of O -ethanolamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphodiesterase O -activity O -was O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -10 O -% O -of O -the O -phosphomonoesterase O -activity O -( O -for O -pNPhP O -) O -as O -evidenced O -by O -the O -lack O -of O -hydrolysis O -of O -bis O -( O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -cyclic O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -enzyme O -was O -inactivated O -by O -N O -- O -bromosuccinimide O -and O -2 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -5 O -- O -nitrobenzyl O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -and O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -p O -- O -chloromercuribenzoate O -, O -N O -- O -acetylimidazole O -, O -p O -- O -diazobenzenesulfonic O -acid O -and O -tetranitromethane O -. O - -aps B-category -Polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -suggested O -that O -the O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -subunit O -was O -approximately O -89000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -this O -enzyme O -was O -not O -specific O -compared O -with O -other O -known O -acid O -phosphatases O -. O - -aps B-category -Sperm O -were O -isolated O -from O -semen O -and O -washed O -by O -centrifugation O -through O -1 O -. O -3 O -M O -sucrose B-Chemical -and O -the O -outer O -acrosomal O -membrane O -removed O -by O -homogenization O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -sterol B-Chemical -synthesis O -by O -citrinin O -in O -a O -cell O -- O -free O -system O -from O -rat O -liver O -and O -yeast O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -divalent O -cations O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -taurocholate O -on O -pancreatic O -lipase O -activity O -with O -gum O -arabic O -- O -emulsified O -tributyrylglycerol O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -slightly O -increase O -lipase O -activity O -while O -bile O -salts O -showed O -marked O -inhibition O -except O -at O -very O -low O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -was O -shown O -to O -eliminate O -the O -time O -lag O -periods O -between O -enzyme O -addition O -and O -maximum O -rate O -of O -hydrolysis O -seen O -at O -low O -substrate O -concentrations O -and O -the O -time O -lag O -noted O -when O -bile O -salts O -were O -included O -with O -normal O -( O -substrate O -concentration O -not O -limiting O -) O -assay O -concentrations O -of O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -can O -account O -for O -the O -poor O -oxygen B-Chemical -delivery O -of O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Additional O -experiments O -on O -the O -effect O -of O -azide O -, O -and O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -ferric O -ligands O -which O -produce O -a O -change O -of O -spin O -state O -of O -the O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -, O -suggest O -that O -additional O -second O -order O -conformational O -changes O -may O -also O -come O -into O -play O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -determination O -of O -the O -number O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -binding O -sites O -of O -fibrinogen O -was O -carried O -out O -by O -means O -of O -equilibrium O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -Organic O -phosphate B-Chemical -binding O -to O -hemoglobin O -in O -intact O -human O -erythrocytes O -determined O -by O -31P O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -hemoglobin O -variant O -in O -the O -alpha1beta1 O -contact O -region O -showing O -high O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -and O -reduced O -cooperativity O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -cellulose O -acetate O -it O -moved O -as O -a O -band O -between O -hemoglobins O -F O -and O -S O -, O -and O -on O -citrate B-Chemical -agar O -as O -a O -band O -at O -hemoglobin O -S O -. O -The O -test O -for O -solubility O -in O -2 O -M O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -with O -Na2S2O4 O -was O -negative O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -condition O -is O -reflected O -in O -high O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -and O -low O -cooperativity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -form O -of O -prothrombin O -induced O -by O -Warfarin B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -has O -been O -isolated O -which O -is O -adsorbed O -onto O -insoluble O -barium B-Chemical -salts O -, O -but O -has O -a O -reduced O -biological O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -second O -form O -of O -prothrombin O -is O -also O -described O -, O -which O -is O -not O -adsorbed O -into O -barium B-Chemical -slats O -, O -and O -has O -less O -than O -1 O -% O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -normal O -protein O -, O -contains O -only O -four O -gamma O -- O -carboxy O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -of O -the O -nine O -tyrosyl O -groups O -of O -ovalbumin O -were O -titrated O -normally O -( O -pKint O -= O -9 O -. O -9 O -) O -in O -a O -mixture O -of O -5 O -M O -guanidine O -hydrochloride O -and O -1 O -. O -2 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Intact O -microsomes O -isolated O -from O -rat O -liver O -showed O -no O -hexose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -, O -but O -the O -enzyme O -was O -activated O -by O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -, O -deoxycholate O -, O -NH4OH O -, O -glycine B-Chemical -/ O -NaOH B-Chemical -, O -lysophosphatidylcholine O -, O -phospholipases O -A O -and O -C O -, O -pancreatic O -lipase O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -esterase O -, O -and O -also O -by O -sonic O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -washing O -and O -trypsin O -digestion O -experiments O -suggested O -that O -hexose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -is O -one O -of O -the O -most O -firmly O -bound O -enzymes O -among O -the O -microsomal O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -level O -of O -the O -binding O -protein O -in O -female O -mice O -was O -maintained O -at O -5 O -pmol O -/ O -mg O -protein O -after O -birth O -, O -whereas O -in O -males O -it O -began O -to O -decrease O -from O -3 O -weeks O -after O -birth O -with O -inccrease O -in O -serum O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -becoming O -much O -less O -than O -a O -quarter O -of O -the O -level O -in O -females O -or O -immature O -mice O -by O -4 O -weeks O -after O -birth O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -analyses O -done O -with O -cell O -- O -free O -extracts O -of O -this O -basidiomycete O -fungus O -showed O -that O -the O -NADP O -- O -linked O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -exhibited O -positively O -co O -- O -operative O -interactions O -with O -the O -substrates O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -negatively O -co O -- O -operative O -kinetics O -with O -NADP O -+ O -and O -was O -extremely O -sensitive O -to O -inhibition O -of O -deamination O -activity O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Growth O -in O -media O -containing O -urea B-Chemical -results O -in O -repression O -of O -the O -NADP O -- O -linked O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -derepression O -of O -the O -NAD O -- O -linked O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -under O -normal O -conditions O -of O -growth O -on O -complex O -media O -nitrogen B-Chemical -is O -assimilated O -in O -the O -form O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -that O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -act O -in O -support O -of O -transaminases O -to O -allow O -this O -process O -to O -continue O -, O -and O -in O -support O -of O -the O -urea B-Chemical -cycle O -to O -allow O -the O -disposal O -of O -excess O -nitrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -these O -cells O -to O -transfer O -35S O -from O -E135S O -] O -methionine B-Chemical -to O -form O -[ O -35S O -] O -cysteine B-Chemical -was O -also O -observed O -and O -taken O -as O -direct O -evidence O -for O -the O -functional O -existence O -of O -this O -pathway O -in O -Tetrahymena O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydroxylation O -of O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -hormone O -dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical -in O -the O -calf O -lens O -is O -inhibited O -by O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -and O -stimulated O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Preparations O -of O -purified O -lens O -fiber O -plasma O -membranes O -also O -hydroxylate O -dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -some O -regulatory O -role O -for O -dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical -in O -lens O -growth O -and O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Erythrocyte O -glutathione B-Chemical -concentration O -increases O -dramatically O -in O -sheep O -when O -they O -become O -anemic O -. O - -aps B-category -Erythrocyte O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -ATP O -, O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -increased O -dramatically O -in O -all O -sheep O -. O - -aps B-category -Erythrocyte O -glutathione B-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -cysteine B-Chemical -and O -plasma O -cysteine B-Chemical -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -glycine B-Chemical -did O -not O -change O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneously O -, O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -accumulation O -of O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -generated O -from O -mitochondrial O -phospholipids O -, O -which O -inhibited O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -dehydrogenase O -and O -subsequently O -enzyme O -complex O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -between O -inactivation O -of O -the O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -dehydrogenase O -complex O -, O -phospholipase O -A O -activation O -and O -production O -of O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -frozen O -and O -thawed O -mitochondria O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -isotopes O -of O -iron B-Chemical -were O -taken O -up O -in O -equal O -proportions O -by O -human O -reticulocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -factor O -affecting O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxidation I-Chemical -by O -resting O -human O -leucocyte O -granules O -( O -LG O -) O -at O -acid O -pH O -, O -have O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -) O -with O -or O -without O -cyanide O -in O -the O -incubation O -medium O -, O -LG O -omitted O -, O -Mn O -+ O -+ O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -induced O -superoxide B-Chemical -anion O -( O -O O -- O -WITH O -2 O -) O -production O -, O -as O -evidenced O -by O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -and O -H2O2 B-Chemical -production O -, O -which O -were O -abolished O -( O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -cyanide O -) O -by O -cytochrome O -C O -( O -a O -potent O -O O -- O -with O -2 O -scavenger O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -) O -Cyanide O -- O -resistant O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidation O -by O -LG O -generated O -H2O2 B-Chemical -, O -was O -inhibited O -by O -H2O2 B-Chemical -and O -was O -not O -modified O -by O -" O -active O -" O -catalase O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -) O -Cyanide O -- O -sensitive O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidation O -was O -inhibited O -by O -catalase O -and O -increased O -upon O -addition O -of O -H2O2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -after O -initiation O -by O -O O -- O -with O -2 O -, O -produced O -independently O -of O -LG O -, O -two O -sequential O -types O -of O -LG O -dependent O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidations O -occur O -. O - -aps B-category -Second O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -peroxidation O -( O -cyanide O -- O -sensitive O -) O -which O -utilizes O -H2O2 B-Chemical -takes O -place O -. O - -aps B-category -Activity O -studies O -suggest O -that O -oxygen B-Chemical -is O -not O -critical O -to O -C O -. O -californiensis O -on O -a O -short O -term O -basis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -released O -crystal O -becomes O -a O -nucleation O -catalyst O -and O -the O -organic O -matrix O -, O -a O -supply O -of O -ionic O -calcium B-Chemical -for O -self O -- O -limiting O -crystallization O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hemocyanin O -from O -the O -crayfish O -Jasus O -edwardsii O -( O -= O -lalandii O -) O -has O -been O -studied O -using O -ultracentrifugation O -, O -viscosity O -, O -circular O -dichroism O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -binding O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -Densimetric O -experimental O -evidence O -indicates O -that O -the O -hyaluronate B-Chemical -system O -could O -, O -indeed O -, O -produce O -the O -pressure O -changes O -seen O -in O -glaucoma O -, O -if O -intraocular O -pH O -changed O -but O -slightly O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -content O -of O -nicotinamide O -coenzymes O -( O -NAD O -, O -NAD O -- O -H O -, O -NADP O -, O -NADP O -- O -H O -) O -was O -studied O -in O -the O -brain O -, O -heart O -and O -liver O -tissue O -of O -the O -newborn O -rats O -kept O -in O -hypoxic O -gaseous O -medium O -with O -a O -4 O -% O -oxygen B-Chemical -content O -for O -2 O -1 O -/ O -2 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -cyanide O -on O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidation O -by O -granules O -from O -human O -polymorphonuclear O -leukocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -also O -stimulates O -the O -oxidation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -by O -a O -particulate O -fraction O -derived O -from O -phagocytizing O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -with O -purified O -enzymes O -have O -shown O -that O -CN O -- O -also O -stimulates O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidation O -by O -horseradish O -peroxidase O -or O -lactoperoxidase O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -respiratory O -burst O -might O -be O -initiated O -by O -activation O -of O -a O -peroxidase O -- O -like O -enzyme O -in O -the O -human O -polymorphonuclear O -leukocyte O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -chronic O -hypercapnia O -on O -erythrocyte O -pH O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -binding O -of O -haemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -have O -been O -separated O -into O -three O -groups O -: O -group O -I O -showed O -a O -normal O -or O -mild O -decrease O -of O -PaO2 O -, O -group O -II O -a O -moderate O -fall O -in O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -pressure O -, O -and O -group O -III O -a O -severe O -hypoxia O -with O -balanced O -acid O -- O -base O -equilibrium O -and O -hypercapnia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -most O -patients O -a O -leftward O -shifting O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -dissociation O -curve O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -evidence O -for O -an O -increased O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -may O -reveal O -a O -further O -compensatory O -mechanism O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -in O -patients O -with O -pulmonary O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypercapnia O -and O -resultant O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -transfer O -processes O -in O -an O -elasmobranch O -fish O -( O -Scyliorhinus O -stellaris O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -caused O -by O -compensatory O -accumulation O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -in O -the O -ECS O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -first O -period O -the O -ICS O -was O -found O -to O -be O -the O -only O -source O -for O -compensatory O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -increases O -and O -even O -in O -the O -second O -period O -the O -ICS O -contributed O -to O -compensation O -of O -the O -extracellular O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -exposures O -, O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -alveolar O -overload O -increases O -by O -several O -torr O -during O -the O -first O -24 O -hours O -on O -account O -of O -attenuation O -of O -the O -initial O -hyperventilation O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -: O -1 O -. O -vital O -capacity O -was O -decreased O -in O -about O -half O -of O -the O -patients O -( O -obstructive O -symptoms O -in O -five O -cases O -) O -, O -2 O -. O -hypoxaemia O -existed O -under O -air O -, O -with O -a O -fall O -in O -hemoglobin O -saturation O -, O -3 O -. O -hypoxaemia O -existed O -under O -pure O -O2 O -showing O -the O -existence O -of O -veno O -- O -arterial O -shunts O -, O -4 O -. O -an O -increase O -in O -P50 O -revealed O -a O -decrease O -in O -haemoglobin O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -( O -P50 O -( O -7 O -. O -40 O -, O -37 O -degrees O -C O -) O -torr O -= O -49 O -. O -08 O -- O -- O -1 O -. O -57 O -[ O -Hb O -] O -( O -g O -/ O -100 O -ml O -) O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -81 O -) O -, O -5 O -. O -during O -sickle O -cell O -crisis O -, O -there O -was O -evidence O -of O -obstructive O -symptoms O -associated O -with O -a O -Pao2 O -decrease O -and O -a O -moderate O -alveolar O -hypoventilation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -oxygenation O -level O -( O -oxyhaemoglobin O -saturation O -0 O -or O -100 O -% O -) O -on O -the O -relationship O -between O -plasma O -pH O -and O -erythrocyte O -pH O -was O -studied O -, O -in O -vitro O -, O -in O -normal O -human O -blood O -submitted O -to O -changes O -in O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbuterol O -, O -fenoterol O -, O -orciprenaline B-Chemical -, O -salbutamol B-Chemical -and O -terbutaline B-Chemical -per O -os O -in O -reversible O -obstructive O -chronic O -bronchitis O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -Cardiovascular O -and O -metabolic O -responses O -to O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -were O -measured O -in O -fasted O -, O -anaesthetized O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Oxprenolol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -antagonized O -all O -cardiovascular O -and O -metabolic O -effects O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -non O -- O -selectively O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -H O -35 O -/ O -25 O -( O -( O -I O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -methylphenyl O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -isopropyl O -aminopropanol O -) O -hydrochloride O -, O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -antagonized O -the O -effects O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -on O -blood O -pressure O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -lactate B-Chemical -selectively O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -after O -a O -selective O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonist O -has O -been O -applied O -, O -the O -response O -to O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -becomes O -greatly O -enhanced O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -Hyperpolarizations O -caused O -by O -externally O -applied O -cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cyclic O -AMP O -) O -also O -become O -larger O -after O -application O -of O -an O -alpha O -- O -agonist O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -response O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -of O -human O -lymphocytes O -to O -selective O -agonists O -and O -antagonists O -has O -been O -studied O -quantitatively O -by O -measuring O -changes O -in O -cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cyclic O -AMP O -) O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -The O -mean O -value O -for O -pA2 O -for O -propranolol B-Chemical -was O -8 O -. O -34 O -and O -for O -practolol O -was O -3 O -. O -95 O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -These O -preparations O -have O -the O -characteristics O -of O -plasma O -membranes O -and O -both O -heart O -and O -lung O -respond O -to O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonists O -in O -the O -order O -: O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -isoprenaline I-Chemical -greater O -than O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -noradrenaline I-Chemical -greater O -than O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -adrenaline I-Chemical -greater O -than O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -isoprenaline I-Chemical -greater O -than O -salbutamol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Dose O -- O -ratios O -for O -several O -concentrations O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -non O -- O -selective O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocker O -) O -, O -practolol O -and O -atenolol B-Chemical -( O -cardio O -- O -selective O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockers O -) O -have O -been O -measured O -on O -all O -three O -membrane O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ratio O -of O -Kb O -values O -was O -0 O -. O -65 O -for O -practolol O -and O -1 O -. O -23 O -for O -atenolol B-Chemical -compared O -with O -pharmacological O -cardio O -- O -selectivity O -ratios O -( O -measured O -on O -isolated O -atria O -and O -tracheal O -chain O -) O -of O -67 O -. O -6 O -and O -110 O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -The O -results O -show O -that O -the O -pharmacological O -selectivity O -of O -practolol O -and O -atenolol B-Chemical -is O -maintained O -at O -the O -receptor O -- O -adenylate O -cyclase O -level O -, O -at O -least O -as O -far O -as O -heart O -and O -uterus O -are O -concerned O -, O -though O -the O -smaller O -selectivity O -ratios O -in O -the O -biochemical O -system O -suggest O -that O -receptor O -differences O -is O -not O -the O -only O -factor O -and O -that O -phase O -distribution O -of O -the O -drug O -may O -also O -be O -important O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -Prior O -administration O -reserpine B-Chemical -( O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -m O -. O -, O -500 O -mug O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -suppressed O -the O -neurotoxicity O -, O -but O -lithium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -( O -100 O -mg O -/ O -, O -g O -i O -. O -p O -. O -, O -2 O -mg O -2 O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -or O -p O -- O -chlorophenylalanine O -( O -PCPA B-Chemical -) O -( O -400 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -4 O -Perfusion O -of O -the O -lateral O -ventricles O -of O -cats O -with O -10 O -, O -20 O -and O -30 O -mug O -of O -peruvoside O -or O -ouqbain O -produced O -a O -massive O -release O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -The O -results O -of O -the O -findings O -indicate O -the O -involvement O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -in O -the O -genesis O -of O -neurotoxicity O -induced O -by O -peruvoside O -or O -ouabain B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -and O -qualitative O -studies O -have O -been O -made O -of O -the O -urinary O -crystals O -from O -a O -series O -of O -normal O -subjects O -and O -from O -stone O -formers O -with O -idiopathic O -hypercalciuria O -with O -and O -without O -treatment O -with O -thiazide B-Chemical -diuretics O -and O -/ O -or O -cellulose O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thiazides O -also O -reduced O -occurrence O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -crystals O -but O -only O -gave O -a O -very O -small O -increase O -in O -oxalate O -crystals O -and O -also O -without O -change O -in O -aggregation O -of O -oxalate O -crystals O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -dissolved O -species O -resulting O -from O -faradaic O -reactions O -at O -the O -Pt O -/ O -saline O -interface O -include O -chloride B-Chemical -oxidation O -products O -( O -ClO O -- O -, O -ClO3 O -- O -, O -etc O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -An O -enzymatic O -assay O -for O -octopamine O -capable O -of O -detecting O -50 O -pg O -of O -amine B-Chemical -was O -developed O -and O -used O -to O -study O -the O -distribution O -of O -octopamine O -in O -regions O -of O -the O -rat O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -alkylation O -by O -dimethyl O -sulfate O -, O -nitrogen B-Chemical -mustard O -, O -and O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -on O -DNA O -structure O -as O -studied O -by O -the O -ethidium O -binding O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distinctly O -different O -behavior O -of O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -confirms O -previous O -conclusions O -that O -its O -alkylation O -, O -preferentially O -on O -guanine O -, O -does O -not O -take O -part O -at O -the O -N O -- O -7 O -position O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -free O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -per O -denatured O -monomer O -are O -detected O -by O -reaction O -with O -5 O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -dithiobis O -( O -2 O -- O -nitrobenzoic O -acid O -) O -, O -while O -for O -the O -active O -enzyme O -only O -two O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -react O -with O -this O -reagent O -, O -The O -extinction O -coefficients O -at O -260 O -and O -280 O -nm O -, O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -, O -and O -the O -isoelectric O -point O -( O -6 O -. O -7 O -) O -of O -the O -enzyme O -are O -also O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -show O -that O -( O -i O -) O -there O -is O -a O -marked O -activation O -of O -the O -reaction O -by O -initial O -glucose B-Chemical -concentrations O -of O -4 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -to O -9 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -M O -and O -strong O -inhibition O -of O -the O -reaction O -at O -higher O -initial O -concentrations O -, O -( O -ii O -) O -the O -log O -rate O -- O -pH O -curve O -has O -a O -maximum O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -2 O -and O -enzyme O -pK O -values O -of O -3 O -. O -5 O -and O -6 O -. O -8 O -, O -( O -iii O -) O -the O -energy O -of O -activation O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -1 O -is O -10 O -. O -2 O -kcal O -mol O -- O -1 O -over O -the O -temperature O -range O -5 O -- O -56 O -degrees O -C O -, O -and O -( O -iv O -) O -the O -rate O -decreases O -from O -0 O -to O -20 O -% O -( O -v O -/ O -v O -) O -isopropanol O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -nutritional O -iron B-Chemical -deficiency O -of O -2 O -to O -5 O -weeks O -duration O -reduced O -the O -blood O -hemoglobin O -content O -to O -30 O -- O -50 O -% O -of O -control O -values O -and O -resulted O -in O -an O -increase O -in O -rat O -adrenal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -14 O -. O -16 O -. O -2 O -) O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -determine O -whether O -the O -increase O -in O -adrenal O -TH O -in O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -rats O -was O -due O -to O -increased O -sympathetic O -activity O -to O -the O -adrenal O -medulla O -, O -the O -splanchnic O -nerve O -was O -cut O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -and O -characterization O -of O -a O -mitochondrial O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -from O -Neurospora O -crassa O -. O - -aps B-category -Partial O -purification O -( O -20 O -- O -to O -30 O -- O -fold O -) O -of O -the O -mitochondrial O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -was O -achieved O -. O - -aps B-category -Formaldehyde O -, O -hypophosphite O -, O -nitrate B-Chemical -, O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -all O -inhibited O -the O -oxidation O -of O -formate O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Study O -of O -the O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ferredoxin I-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -activities O -in O -Clostridium O -acetobutylicum O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -physiological O -function O -of O -the O -clostridial O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ferredoxin I-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -was O -anabolic O -as O -it O -has O -been O -with O -other O -clostridia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -smoker O -of O -tobaccos O -giving O -a O -smoke O -of O -acid O -buffering O -capacity O -, O -in O -order O -to O -achieve O -full O -nicotine B-Chemical -satisfaction O -, O -tends O -to O -smoke O -more O -and O -to O -inhale O -more O -, O -thus O -increasing O -lung O -cancer O -risks O -, O -than O -the O -smoker O -of O -tobaccos O -giving O -smoke O -of O -less O -acid O -or O -of O -alkaline O -buffering O -capacity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxidation O -of O -vinyl O -chloride B-Chemical -to O -non O -- O -volatile O -products O -is O -dependent O -on O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -microsomal O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -glutathione B-Chemical -conjugate O -is O -probably O -formed O -, O -perhaps O -via O -a O -reactive O -intermediate O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -N O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -1 O -- O -naphthylamine O -( O -N O -- O -HO O -- O -1 O -- O -NA O -) O -, O -N O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -4 O -- O -aminobiphenyl O -( O -N O -- O -HO O -- O -ABP O -) O -, O -or O -the O -N O -- O -hydroxy O -derivatives O -of O -2 O -- O -aminofluorene O -, O -4 O -- O -aminoazobenzene O -, O -or O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -2 O -- O -aminofluorene O -with O -uridine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphoglucuronic O -acid O -- O -fortified O -hepatic O -microsomes O -also O -yielded O -water O -- O -soluble O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -improvement O -in O -exercise O -tolerance O -in O -the O -hypertensive O -patients O -with O -angina O -treated O -with O -bethanidine O -, O -debrisoquine B-Chemical -or O -guanethidine B-Chemical -despite O -a O -reduction O -of O -resting O -and O -exercise O -heart O -rates O -after O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -telencephalon O -fluorescent O -fibers O -contained O -predominantly O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -fluorophores O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -high O -density O -of O -fluorescent O -terminals O -containing O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -was O -found O -in O -the O -habenular O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cH2A O -was O -purified O -and O -subjected O -to O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -and O -partial O -sequencing O -by O -the O -use O -of O -carboxypeptidase O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -nuclear O -protease O -appears O -to O -be O -tightly O -associated O -with O -the O -chromatin O -in O -vivo O -, O -for O -0 O -. O -6 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -will O -not O -free O -it O -from O -isolated O -chromatin O -. O - -aps B-category -Michaelis O -- O -- O -Menten O -kinetic O -analysis O -of O -the O -hepatic O -microsomal O -benzpyrene O -hydroxylase O -from O -control O -, O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -methyl O -- O -3 O -- O -cholanthrene O -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Platelet O -aggregation O -in O -the O -cerebral O -microcirculation O -: O -effect O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -and O -other O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -" O -time O -of O -aggregation O -" O -is O -prolonged O -by O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -as O -opposed O -to O -urethane B-Chemical -anesthesia O -, O -and O -also O -is O -related O -to O -time O -elapsed O -after O -craniotomy O -. O - -aps B-category -Heparin B-Chemical -has O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -activity O -of O -hepatic O -microsomal O -enzymes O -can O -be O -evaluated O -by O -measuring O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucaric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -excretion O -in O -urine O -and O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -. O -2 O -) O -activity O -in O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -there O -is O -an O -increase O -in O -steroid B-Chemical -production O -in O -pregnancy O -, O -we O -sought O -to O -determine O -whether O -these O -indices O -of O -induction O -increase O -during O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucaric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -increased O -markedly O -during O -pregnancy O -, O -from O -14 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -1 O -in O -the O -first O -trimester O -to O -23 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -8 O -mumol O -of O -D O -- O -glucaro O -- O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -lactone O -per O -gram O -of O -creatinine B-Chemical -in O -the O -third O -trimester O -. O - -aps B-category -Activity O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -transferase O -remains O -within O -normal O -limits O -throughout O -pregnancy O -, O -which O -leaves O -doubt O -as O -to O -the O -value O -of O -this O -measurement O -in O -evaluating O -enzyme O -induction O -owing O -to O -endogenous O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -by O -the O -proposed O -method O -correlate O -well O -with O -those O -by O -a O -copper B-Chemical -soap O -extraction O -method O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -95 O -) O -, O -but O -values O -are O -significantly O -higher O -for O -pancreatitis O -patients O -' O -sera O -( O -slope O -1 O -. O -6 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Disorders O -of O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -About O -98 O -% O -of O -the O -label O -was O -in O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactosamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1973 O -) O -did O -not O -stimulate O -GM2 O -- O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -galactosaminidase O -activity O -beyond O -that O -found O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -taurocholate O -. O - -aps B-category -Failure O -to O -treat O -these O -injuries O -promptly O -can O -lead B-Chemical -to O -circulatory O -problems O -and O -skin O -necrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -review O -illustrates O -current O -approaches O -to O -the O -study O -of O -the O -disposition O -in O -man O -of O -the O -strong O -analagesics O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -methadone B-Chemical -and O -the O -narcotic O -antagonist O -naloxone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -contributes O -to O -the O -diminished O -oral O -efficacy O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -intravenous O -injection O -, O -the O -serum O -levels O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -during O -the O -first O -10 O -minutes O -are O -higher O -and O -more O -variable O -in O -older O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -half O -- O -lives O -for O -morphine B-Chemical -have O -been O -reported O -to O -normal O -volunteers O -and O -in O -anaethetised O -patients O -who O -received O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -urinary O -excretion O -data O -in O -man O -, O -accelerated O -morphine B-Chemical -metabolism O -and O -excretion O -do O -not O -contribute O -to O -morphine B-Chemical -tolerance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -half O -- O -life O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -averages O -25 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -chronic O -dosing O -, O -studies O -in O -both O -animals O -and O -man O -indicate O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -metabolism O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Women O -may O -metabolise O -methadone B-Chemical -to O -a O -greater O -extent O -than O -do O -men O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -a O -marked O -variation O -in O -methadone B-Chemical -plasma O -levels O -between O -patients O -and O -within O -the O -same O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -half O -- O -life O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -in O -serum O -following O -distribution O -is O -64 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -short O -duration O -of O -action O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -may O -result O -from O -its O -rapid O -egress O -from O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -chlorimipramine O -on O -the O -concentrations O -of O -the O -main O -metabolites O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -, O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -Chlorimipramine O -inhibited O -the O -uptake O -of O -both O -transmitter O -amines B-Chemical -in O -all O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -in O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -level O -in O -CSF O -was O -correlated O -to O -the O -uptake O -inhibition O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -but O -there O -was O -no O -corresponding O -relationship O -between O -NE O -uptake O -and O -HMPG O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -alprenolol O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -) O -have O -a O -low O -extent O -of O -bioavailability O -due O -to O -a O -high O -first O -- O -pass O -elimination O -effect O -, O -while O -pindolol B-Chemical -and O -practolol O -for O -example O -are O -in O -influenced O -very O -little O -by O -this O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -atenolol B-Chemical -, O -practolol O -and O -sotalol B-Chemical -higher O -values O -have O -been O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -dose O -of O -4 O -mg O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -was O -injected O -into O -the O -deltoid O -muscles O -of O -six O -healthy O -male O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -was O -rapidly O -absorbed O -from O -the O -injection O -site O -, O -reaching O -peak O -concentrations O -within O -3 O -hr O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -glucuronide O -rapidly O -appeared O -in O -plasma O -, O -reached O -peak O -concentrations O -within O -12 O -hr O -of O -the O -dose O -, O -then O -was O -eliminated O -approximately O -in O -parallel O -with O -the O -parent O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxicity O -of O -high O -- O -dose O -flurazepam B-Chemical -in O -the O -elderly O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -reactions O -, O -predominantly O -unwanted O -residual O -drowsiness O -, O -were O -reported O -in O -78 O -flurazepam B-Chemical -recipients O -( O -3 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -doses O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -appear O -to O -be O -safe O -for O -elderly O -individuals O -, O -but O -they O -are O -susceptible O -to O -unwanted O -central O -nervous O -system O -depression O -at O -high O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -in O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -microgasometer O -of O -Natelson O -, O -however O -, O -has O -served O -the O -clinical O -laboratory O -well O -as O -a O -practicable O -manual O -means O -of O -microanalysis O -for O -total O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -same O -time O -, O -it O -has O -been O -pointed O -out O -that O -the O -routine O -determination O -of O -total O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -in O -serum O -does O -not O -offer O -a O -useful O -screening O -procedure O -for O -identifying O -or O -characterizing O -patients O -with O -acid O -- O -base O -disorders O -; O -full O -assessment O -of O -acid O -- O -base O -status O -, O -including O -pCO2 O -in O -selected O -patients O -is O -much O -more O -rewarding O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -agents O -are O -useful O -by O -aerosol O -and O -oral O -routes O -, O -alone O -and O -in O -addition O -to O -theophylline B-Chemical -for O -asthma O -. O - -aps B-category -Therapy O -is O -usually O -begun O -with O -theophylline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Occasional O -patients O -will O -not O -tolerate O -theophylline B-Chemical -in O -any O -preparation O -and O -can O -be O -treated O -with O -beta O -2 O -adrenergic O -agents O -with O -success O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -technique O -is O -described O -for O -the O -in O -vitro O -study O -of O -the O -interaction O -of O -barium B-Chemical -sulphate O -suspensions O -, O -used O -as O -radiopaques O -, O -with O -rat O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -nine O -patients O -with O -periodic O -studies O -of O -arterial O -blood O -, O -the O -mean O -change O -in O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -pressure O -from O -base O -line O -was O -a O -decrease O -of O -0 O -. O -8 O -mm O -Hg O -at O -ten O -minutes O -into O -therapy O -, O -2 O -. O -8 O -mm O -Hg O -at O -the O -conclusion O -of O -therapy O -, O -and O -2 O -. O -9 O -mm O -Hg O -20 O -minutes O -after O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Seventy O -- O -two O -private O -practice O -patients O -with O -moderate O -or O -severe O -anxiety O -- O -depressive O -neurosis O -received O -mean O -daily O -oral O -doses O -of O -23 O -. O -8 O -mg O -bromazepam O -, O -94 O -mg O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -, O -or O -4 O -. O -6 O -capsules O -of O -placebo O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -four O -- O -week O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromazepam O -was O -also O -superior O -to O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -and O -placebo O -in O -the O -degree O -of O -improvement O -made O -Statistical O -significance O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -of O -the O -changes O -noted O -after O -one O -week O -was O -even O -greater O -after O -four O -weeks O -, O -particularly O -in O -BPRS O -items O -of O -somatic O -concern O -, O -depressive O -mood O -, O -anxiety O -and O -tension O -and O -in O -nearly O -all O -representative O -psychic O -and O -somatic O -symptoms O -on O -the O -depression O -scale O -, O -confirmed O -by O -global O -evaluation O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethoxyresorufin O -exhibited O -a O -type O -I O -binding O -spectrum O -with O -liver O -microsomes O -from O -MC O -- O -induced O -rats O -, O -but O -there O -was O -no O -clear O -interaction O -with O -microsomes O -from O -control O -or O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -( O -PB O -) O -- O -induced O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -the O -first O -report O -of O -glucuronidation O -of O -a O -quaternary B-Chemical -ammonium I-Chemical -compound O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -both O -cytosol O -glutathione B-Chemical -S O -- O -transferases O -showed O -very O -similar O -developmental O -profiles O -in O -any O -one O -organ O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -that O -the O -pattern O -of O -development O -of O -hepatic O -microsomal O -epoxide O -hydrase O -activity O -was O -similar O -to O -developmental O -patterns O -published O -by O -others O -for O -hepatic O -microsomal O -mixed O -- O -function O -oxidases O -, O -and O -also O -that O -development O -of O -hepatic O -cytosol O -glutathione B-Chemical -S O -- O -transferase O -was O -similar O -to O -hepatic O -development O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -S O -- O -transferase O -towards O -other O -substrates O -described O -in O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -10 O -, O -000g O -pellet O -, O -100 O -, O -000g O -pellet O -and O -100 O -, O -000g O -supernatant O -fraction O -from O -liver O -homogenates O -all O -catalyzed O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -DEHP O -and O -all O -but O -the O -100 O -, O -000g O -supernatant O -fraction O -showed O -the O -shift O -to O -more O -polar O -metabolites O -with O -added O -NADPH B-Chemical -; O -serum O -also O -catalyzed O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -DEHP O -. O - -aps B-category -Biotransformation O -of O -D O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -ephedrine I-Chemical -and O -L O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -ephedrine I-Chemical -in O -the O -rabbit O -, O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -liver O -microsomal O -preparations O -, O -a O -) O -D O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -ephedrine I-Chemical -was O -metabolized O -at O -a O -faster O -rate O -than O -L O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -ephedrine I-Chemical -, O -b O -) O -benzoic O -acid O -was O -formed O -from O -D O -( O -- O -) O -ephedrine B-Chemical -at O -a O -rate O -about O -three O -times O -greater O -than O -from O -the O -L O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -isomer O -, O -and O -c O -) O -the O -relative O -amounts O -of O -norephedrine O -and O -1 O -- O -phenyl O -- O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -propranediol O -formed O -from O -both O -ephedrine B-Chemical -isomers O -were O -nearly O -identical O -throughout O -the O -entire O -incubation O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -greater O -14C O -- O -excretion O -rate O -was O -observed O -for O -L O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -ephedrine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -experiments O -indicate O -that O -the O -major O -pathway O -for O -the O -biotransformation O -of O -D O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -ephedrine I-Chemical -and O -L O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -ephedrine I-Chemical -involves O -N O -- O -demethylation O -and O -oxidative O -deamination O -of O -the O -side O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -Pentazocine B-Chemical -, O -cyclazocine O -, O -and O -ketocyclazocine O -were O -also O -metabolized O -to O -phenolic O -glucuronides O -of O -the O -parent O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Suppressed O -biliary O -excretion O -of O -imipramine B-Chemical -and O -sulfobromophthalein O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -fate O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -N O -- O -Hydroxylation O -of O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -a O -minute O -amount O -( O -approximately O -1 O -% O -) O -of O -unchanged O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -was O -found O -in O -the O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -inhibition O -studies O -of O -the O -dealkylation O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -norcodeine O -, O -George O -and O -Tephly O -concluded O -that O -O O -- O -dealkylation O -and O -N O -- O -dealkylation O -are O -catalyzed O -by O -different O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -, O -the O -N O -- O -demethylation O -was O -stoichiometric O -with O -the O -stimulation O -of O -both O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -P O -- O -450 O -reductase O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -whereas O -the O -sum O -of O -the O -N O -- O -demethylation O -and O -O O -- O -de O -- O -ethylation O -was O -significantly O -greater O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -O O -- O -de O -- O -ethylase O -activity O -does O -not O -involve O -stimulation O -of O -either O -of O -these O -two O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -rat O -liver O -drug O -- O -metabolizing O -enzymes O -by O -promethazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -perfusion O -medium O -presently O -used O -in O -our O -experiments O -consisted O -of O -washed O -bovine O -red O -blood O -cells O -resuspended O -to O -a O -15 O -% O -hematocrit O -with O -Krebs O -- O -Henseleit O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -buffer O -containing O -6 O -% O -dialyzed O -Pentex O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -Lungs O -perfused O -for O -1 O -. O -5 O -hr O -with O -this O -apparatus O -maintain O -viability O -, O -show O -little O -edema O -, O -maintain O -blood O -gases O -, O -and O -show O -linear O -incorporation O -of O -labeled O -glucose B-Chemical -into O -lung O -lipids O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -catabolic O -enzymes O -in O -chick O -liver O -: O -effects O -of O -insulin O -. O - -aps B-category -methionine B-Chemical -) O -and O -certain O -antimetabolites O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -a O -vitamin B-Chemical -B6 I-Chemical -dependency O -was O -observed O -in O -responses O -to O -both O -high O -protein O -diets O -and O -insulin O -, O -all O -suggesting O -a O -common O -regulatory O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -progesterone B-Chemical -levels O -rise O -and O -oestrogen B-Chemical -levels O -fall O -towards O -the O -end O -of O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -evaluate O -to O -what O -metabolci O -event O -in O -contracting O -muscles O -heart O -rate O -( O -HR O -) O -and O -VE O -are O -related O -, O -time O -courses O -of O -femoral O -and O -cubital O -venous O -[ O -K O -= O -] O -, O -osomolality O -( O -OSM O -) O -, O -pH O -, O -POC2 O -, O -PO2 O -, O -[ O -lactate B-Chemical -] O -, O -and O -[ O -orthophosphate O -] O -( O -[ O -Pi O -] O -) O -at O -onset O -of O -exercise O -were O -studied O -in O -athletes O -( O -TR O -) O -and O -non O -- O -athletes O -( O -UT O -) O -and O -compared O -to O -time O -courses O -of O -HR O -and O -VE O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increase O -of O -light O -absorption O -at O -250 O -nm O -was O -proportional O -to O -the O -amount O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumed O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -, O -a O -sensitized O -oligomerization O -of O -albumin O -was O -observed O -, O -independent O -of O -oxidation O -of O -the O -histidine O -residues O -, O -and O -not O -consuming O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CO2 O -- O -mediated O -control O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -isolated O -hamster O -brown O -- O -fat O -cells O -during O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -Krebs O -- O -Ringer O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -is O -bubbled O -with O -CO2 O -prior O -to O -the O -addition O -of O -cells O -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -the O -respiratory O -capacity O -of O -the O -cells O -is O -further O -potentiated O -and O -most O -important O -, O -the O -respiration O -is O -maintained O -at O -a O -high O -rate O -until O -the O -medium O -becomes O -depleted O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -CO2 O -has O -a O -regulatory O -effect O -on O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -isolated O -hamster O -brown O -- O -fat O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -means O -of O -1H O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -spectroscopy O -and O -the O -action O -of O -D O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -the O -configuration O -of O -the O -phenylalamine O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -( O -2R O -, O -3S O -) O -and O -( O -2S O -, O -3S O -) O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -implications O -of O -these O -findings O -for O -the O -investigation O -of O -the O -metabolism O -of O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Citrate B-Chemical -isocitrate O -and O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -levels O -were O -determined O -in O -isolated O -rat O -hepatocytes O -and O -in O -particulate O -and O -soluble O -fractions O -, O -thereof O -, O -obtained O -by O -the O -digitonin O -and O -silicone O -oil O -fractionation O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -; O -Addition O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -( O -either O -as O -ammonium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -or O -from O -urea B-Chemical -plus O -urease O -) O -to O -isolated O -hepatocytes O -causes O -preferential O -oxidation O -of O -mitochondrial O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -is O -demonstrated O -by O -spectrophotometry O -of O -the O -dihydro O -band O -and O -by O -the O -changes O -in O -the O -isocitrate O -/ O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -ratios O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -during O -urogenesis O -from O -ammonia B-Chemical -mitochondrial O -isocitrate O -oxidation O -is O -shifted O -largely O -in O -favor O -of O -the O -NADP O -- O -linked O -as O -opposed O -to O -the O -NAD O -- O -linked O -enzyme O -; O -isocitrate O -concentration O -under O -these O -conditions O -is O -less O -than O -10 O -muM O -, O -below O -the O -Km O -( O -isocitrate O -) O -of O -the O -NAD O -- O -linked O -enzyme O -but O -in O -the O -range O -of O -that O -for O -the O -NADP O -- O -linked O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -and O -data O -in O -the O -literature O -on O -enzyme O -activity O -are O -in O -agreement O -with O -the O -assumption O -of O -near O -- O -equilibrium O -of O -NADP O -- O -dependent O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenases O -in O -the O -mitochondrial O -matrix O -and O -cytosolic O -spaces O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -; O -accordingly O -, O -during O -urea B-Chemical -formation O -from O -added O -ammonia B-Chemical -the O -redox O -potential O -of O -mitochondrial O -free O -NADPH B-Chemical -is O -increased O -to O -- O -391 O -mV O -or O -possibly O -even O -higher O -if O -there O -exists O -an O -indicator O -error O -under O -this O -condition O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -carboxylic O -and O -the O -polyethyleneimine O -derivatives O -synthesized O -have O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -co O -- O -enzymically O -active O -with O -yeast O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -liver O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -yeast O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -were O -purified O -by O -affinity O -chromatography O -on O -an O -adsorbent O -containing O -matrix O -- O -bound O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactosamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -lectin O -fractions O -have O -the O -same O -molecular O -( O -125000 O -) O -and O -subunit O -( O -33000 O -) O -weights O -, O -display O -the O -same O -pH O -dependence O -of O -their O -titre O -against O -A1 O -erythrocytes O -, O -and O -bind O -to O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactosamine I-Chemical -at O -pH O -8 O -with O -the O -same O -constant O -of O -about O -6 O -X O -10 O -( O -3 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Detergent O -- O -resistant O -phospholipase O -A O -, O -which O -is O -tightly O -bound O -to O -the O -outer O -membranes O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -K O -- O -12 O -cells O -, O -was O -purified O -approximately O -2000 O -- O -fold O -to O -near O -homogeneity O -by O -solubilization O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -and O -butan O -- O -1 O -- O -ol O -, O -acid O -precipitation O -, O -acetone O -fractionation O -and O -column O -chromatographies O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -100 O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -and O -on O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -stable O -in O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -at O -below O -40 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -enzyme O -was O -inactivated O -on O -incubation O -for O -5 O -min O -at O -90 O -degrees O -C O -in O -1 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -/ O -1 O -% O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -/ O -4 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -it O -differs O -from O -the O -latter O -in O -its O -positional O -specificity O -and O -susceptibility O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -calcium B-Chemical -binding O -properties O -of O -non O -- O -activated O -phosphorylase O -kinase O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -have O -been O -studied O -by O -the O -gel O -filtration O -technique O -at O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -from O -50 O -nM O -to O -50 O -muM O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -buffer O -containing O -155 O -mM O -NH4Cl O -and O -10 O -mM O -MgCl2 O -, O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -these O -sites O -is O -reduced O -to O -a O -KCa O -of O -3 O -. O -0 O -X O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -, O -indicating O -competition O -between O -Ca2 O -+ O -and O -Mg2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intracellular O -binding O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -corticosterone B-Chemical -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -and O -their O -metabolites O -to O -macromolecules O -in O -rat O -liver O -cytosol O -was O -studied O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Competition O -experiments O -indicate O -that O -corticosterone B-Chemical -and O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -bind O -to O -the O -same O -site O -of O -the O -glucocorticoid O -receptor O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -5alpha O -- O -Dihydrocorticosterone O -, O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -competed O -to O -a O -very O -limited O -extent O -with O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -for O -binding O -sites O -on O -the O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -5alpha O -- O -dihydrocorticosterone O -probably O -does O -not O -act O -as O -the O -mediator O -of O -corticosterone B-Chemical -action O -in O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adrenal O -stress O -response O -was O -examined O -in O -young O -and O -mature O -rats O -of O -both O -sexes O -by O -measuring O -the O -increase O -in O -adrenal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -and O -serum O -corticosterone B-Chemical -following O -exposure O -to O -electric O -footshock O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -decreased O -responsiveness O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -mature O -male O -rats O -could O -be O -overcome O -by O -giving O -prior O -experience O -with O -electric O -footshock O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -most O -dramatic O -effect O -was O -due O -to O -prior O -experience O -, O -which O -reduced O -themagnitude O -and O -altered O -the O -time O -of O -the O -peak O -serum O -corticosterone B-Chemical -response O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -healthy O -normal O -subjects O -following O -the O -administration O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -the O -pharmacological O -effects O -were O -measured O -and O -compared O -with O -the O -plasma O -concentrations O -achieved O -. O - -aps B-category -Labetalol B-Chemical -was O -rapidly O -absorbed O -from O -the O -gastrointestinal O -tract O -and O -peak O -plasma O -concentrations O -occurred O -two O -hours O -after O -oral O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -, O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -g O -/ O -ml O -and O -quinidine B-Chemical -, O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -g O -/ O -ml O -showed O -similar O -effects O -on O -excitability O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Medazepam O -and O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -in O -experimental O -barbiturate B-Chemical -narcosis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -added O -to O -the O -bathing O -solution O -has O -been O -studied O -in O -isolated O -organs O -, O -examining O -various O -kinds O -of O -receptor O -systems O -and O -biological O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -important O -effect O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -is O -the O -inhibition O -of O -the O -maximum O -response O -to O -noradrenalin O -in O -the O -rat O -vas O -deferens O -, O -and O -the O -inhibition O -of O -response O -to O -furtrethonium O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -intestine O -of O -rat O -and O -guinea O -- O -pig O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Electric O -charge O -stoicheiometry O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -translocation O -in O -rat O -liver O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -subunit O -structure O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -from O -rat O -liver O -cytosol O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -effect O -of O -membrane O -active O -compounds O -on O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -chick O -embryo O -liver O -cells O -in O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -an O -attempt O -to O -detect O -the O -existence O -of O -histaminergic O -mechanisms O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -prolactin O -secretion O -in O -rats O -, O -the O -effects O -of O -histidine O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -antagonists O -( O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -and O -metiamide O -) O -on O -plasma O -prolactin O -levels O -in O -urethan O -- O -anesthetized O -rats O -were O -investigated O -in O -relation O -to O -other O -aminergic O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Brocresine O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -a O -histidine O -decarboxylase O -inhibitor O -, O -markedly O -stimulated O -prolactin O -secretion O -in O -urethan O -- O -anesthetized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -histidine O -significantly O -stimulated O -prolactin O -secretion O -in O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Pilot O -open O -- O -label O -study O -of O -alprazolam B-Chemical -( O -U O -- O -31 O -, O -889 O -) O -in O -anxious O -alcoholic O -out O -- O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -adverse O -effects O -attributable O -to O -alprazolam B-Chemical -were O -noted O -on O -laboratory O -evaluations O -, O -EKG O -' O -s O -or O -ophthalmologic O -examinations O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -cases O -the O -nonmalignant O -tissue O -showed O -greater O -conversion O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17 I-Chemical -beta O -into O -estrone O -than O -the O -neoplastic O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Alterations O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -acid O -in O -gastric O -juice O -secreted O -at O -different O -flow O -rates O -and O -disappearance O -of O -acid O -from O -the O -gastric O -lumen O -, O -when O -the O -gastric O -mucosa O -is O -exposed O -to O -acid O -luminal B-Chemical -contents O -, O -have O -been O -interpreted O -as O -indicating O -" O -back O -- O -diffusion O -" O -of O -acid O -into O -the O -gastric O -mucosa O -from O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -contents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -on O -the O -lower O -esophageal O -sphincter O -, O -the O -intragastric O -pH O -and O -the O -serum O -levels O -of O -immunoreactive O -gastrin O -was O -investigated O -in O -eight O -volunteers O -and O -compared O -with O -a O -control O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -on O -gastric O -mucosal O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -histidine O -decarboxylase O -activity O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conscious O -animals O -a O -singleinjection O -of O -pentagastrin O -reduced O -gastric O -mucosal O -histamine B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -elevated O -histidine O -decarboxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -doses O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -like O -pentagastrin O -, O -reduced O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -elevated O -the O -histidine O -decarboxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -on O -gastric O -mucosal O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -histidine O -decarboxylase O -were O -less O -pronounced O -than O -in O -conscious O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -feedback O -relationship O -between O -the O -blockade O -of O -the O -target O -organ O -and O -increased O -histamine B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -neural O -retina O -of O -the O -chick O -embryo O -, O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -( O -HC O -) O -elicits O -differential O -gene O -expression O -resulting O -in O -the O -induction O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -GS O -) O -, O -which O -is O -an O -enzyme O -marker O -of O -differentiation O -in O -the O -retina O -. O - -aps B-category -About O -50 O -% O -of O -this O -increase O -could O -be O -prevented O -by O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -; O -this O -suggests O -that O -the O -reappearance O -of O -HC O -receptors O -in O -the O -cell O -cytoplasm O -may O -be O -due O -, O -at O -least O -in O -part O -, O -to O -de O -novo O -synthesis O -of O -HC O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Serial O -, O -semiquantitative O -assessments O -were O -made O -in O -all O -patients O -of O -mental O -status O -, O -asterixis O -, O -and O -the O -trailmaking O -test O -( O -TMT O -) O -and O -electroencephalograms O -( O -EEG O -) O -and O -arterial O -ammonia B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -lower O -esophageal O -sphincter O -pressure O -was O -reduced O -at O -all O -times O -during O -pregnancy O -, O -reaching O -a O -nadir O -at O -36 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -are O -consistent O -with O -earlier O -studies O -in O -women O -ingesting O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -16 O -healthy O -subjects O -, O -gastric O -distention O -was O -produced O -by O -infusion O -of O -5 O -% O -mannitol B-Chemical -solution O -, O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -a O -six O -year O -period O -43 O -patients O -with O -Crohns O -disease O -were O -included O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -controlled O -trial O -of O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -given O -for O -one O -year O -as O -a O -possible O -treatment O -for O -reducing O -the O -relapse O -rate O -after O -resection O -or O -in O -asymptomatic O -patients O -with O -established O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Synthesis O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -from O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydroxyphenylserine O -by O -L O -- O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -of O -the O -rat O -brain O -and O -kidneys O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -important O -therapeutical O -measures O -against O -chronic O -relapsing O -pancreatitis O -are O -abstinence O -from O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -surgical O -treatment O -of O -biliary O -or O -pancreatic O -duct O -obstructions O -. O - -aps B-category -Species O -distribution O -and O -properties O -of O -hepatic O -phenylalanine O -( O -histidine O -) O -: O -pyruvate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -histidine O -as O -amino B-Chemical -donor O -, O -the O -enzyme O -was O -active O -with O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -and O -hydroxypyruvate O -as O -amino B-Chemical -acceptors O -but O -not O -with O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -Km O -for O -histidine O -was O -about O -6 O -. O -9 O -mM O -with O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -that O -for O -pyruvate B-Chemical -was O -21 O -mM O -with O -histidine O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -low O -partial O -pressures O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -( O -PO2 O -) O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -diffused O -into O -the O -polystyrene O -flasks O -at O -a O -rate O -of O -1 O -to O -2 O -mmHg O -per O -24 O -hr O -, O -and O -at O -high O -PO2 O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -diffused O -slowly O -out O -of O -polystyrene O -flasks O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -albumin O -content O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -TAT O -) O -activity O -were O -detected O -in O -the O -cultivated O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antihypertensive O -effect O -of O -lexotan O -( O -bromazepam O -) O -- O -a O -new O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivative O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -calculated O -indices O -such O -as O -the O -product O -of O -heart O -rate O -and O -mean O -systolic O -pressure O -and O -the O -tension O -time O -index O -in O -the O -groups O -receiving O -bromazepam O -pointed O -to O -a O -better O -economic O -work O -performance O -under O -reduced O -myocardial O -pressure O -effort O -and O -reduced O -oxygen B-Chemical -demand O -on O -the O -myocardium O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -, O -characterisation O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -titration O -of O -conarachin O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrogen O -ion O -titration O -curve O -indicated O -that O -the O -sidechain O -carboxyl O -, O -imidazol O -and O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -groups O -titrated O -with O -normal O -pK O -Int O -values O -and O -their O -number O -agreed O -with O -the O -analytical O -values O -obtained O -from O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Bovine O -and O -equine O -growth O -hormones O -were O -chemically O -modified O -with O -tetranitromethane O -, O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -during O -5 O -h O -and O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -8 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -during O -1 O -h O -. O -a O -) O -Both O -hormones O -have O -very O -similar O -but O -not O -identical O -reactivities O -. O - -aps B-category -C O -) O -The O -nitration O -of O -all O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -in O -both O -hormones O -gives O -rise O -to O -a O -complete O -loss O -of O -somatographic O -activity O -with O -no O -alteration O -of O -the O -immunological O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -have O -confirmed O -the O -existence O -of O -stable O -secondary O -structure O -within O -the O -C O -- O -terminal O -fragment O -of O -histone O -IV O -( O -C O -- O -peptide O -which O -can O -be O -perturbed O -only O -by O -6M O -urea B-Chemical -at O -pH O -greater O -than O -8 O -or O -8 O -M O -guanidine O -- O -HCL O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -least O -amphibian O -gastric O -secretion O -is O -stimulated O -by O -cAMP B-Chemical -as O -a O -second O -messenger O -, O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -presumably O -acting O -as O -the O -primary O -messenger O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -would O -expect O -gastric O -mucosal O -membranes O -during O -secretion O -to O -contain O -an O -anion O -- O -restricted O -electrogenic O -H O -+ O -pump O -, O -but O -they O -in O -fact O -contain O -an O -ATPase O -stimulated O -by O -monovalent O -cations O -and O -are O -insensitive O -to O -ouabain B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Conversion O -of O -( O -S O -) O -- O -bulbocapnine O -into O -( O -S O -) O -- O -corytuberine O -and O -( O -S O -) O -- O -corydine O -methyl O -ether B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distribution O -of O -catalase O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -marker O -enzymes O -for O -peroxisomes O -, O -was O -determined O -cytochemically O -in O -the O -kidney O -tubules O -of O -an O -euryhaline O -teleost O -, O -the O -three O -- O -spined O -stickleback O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemically O -and O -cytochemically O -, O -no O -urate B-Chemical -oxidase O -or O -glycolate O -- O -oxidizing O -L O -- O -alpha O -- O -hydroxy O -acid O -oxidase O -could O -be O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -groups O -were O -isovolemically O -hemodiluted O -with O -warm O -dextran B-Chemical -and O -plasma O -to O -hematocrits O -just O -above O -and O -below O -that O -at O -which O -O2 O -uptake O -( O -VO2 O -) O -could O -not O -be O -maintained O -at O -preanemic O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -third O -group O -was O -ventilated O -on O -a O -low O -O2 O -gas O -mixture O -to O -decrease O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -propranolol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -dogs O -also O -developed O -increases O -in O -lung O -water O -, O -Qs O -/ O -Qt O -, O -VD O -, O -and O -hypoxemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiovascular O -and O -metabolic O -parameters O -were O -studied O -in O -dogs O -anesthetized O -with O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -, O -and O -while O -awake O -resting O -or O -exercising O -for O -30 O -min O -at O -either O -6 O -. O -4 O -km O -/ O -h O -, O -10 O -% O -grade O -( O -32 O -% O -VO2 O -max O -) O -or O -8 O -. O -0 O -km O -/ O -h O -, O -16 O -% O -grade O -( O -50 O -% O -VO2 O -max O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increased O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptakes O -during O -exercise O -were O -associated O -with O -approximately O -equal O -percentage O -increments O -in O -cardiac O -outputs O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -extractions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -GS O -) O -from O -Klebsiella O -aerogenes O -is O -similar O -to O -that O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -in O -several O -respects O -: O -( O -i O -) O -it O -is O -repressed O -by O -high O -levels O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -in O -the O -growth O -medium O -; O -( O -ii O -) O -its O -biosynthetic O -activity O -is O -greatly O -reduced O -by O -adenylylation O -; O -and O -( O -iii O -) O -adenylylation O -lowers O -the O -pH O -optimum O -and O -alters O -the O -response O -of O -the O -enzymes O -to O -various O -inhibitors O -in O -the O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transferase O -( O -gammaGT O -) O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -Repression O -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -lysine O -, O -and O -methionine B-Chemical -biosynthetic O -pathways O -in O -a O -hisT O -mutant O -of O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -show O -that O -( O -i O -) O -tyrosine B-Chemical -represses O -the O -synthesis O -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -3 O -- O -deoxy O -- O -D O -- O -arabino O -- O -heptulsonic O -acid O -7 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -to O -the O -same O -extent O -in O -a O -hisT O -mutant O -as O -in O -wild O -type O -and O -( O -ii O -) O -there O -is O -no O -detectable O -alteration O -in O -the O -extent O -to O -which O -methionine B-Chemical -represses O -O O -- O -succinylhomoserine O -synthetase O -or O -in O -the O -extent O -to O -which O -lysine O -represses O -the O -lysine O -- O -sensitive O -beta O -- O -aspartokinase O -as O -a O -result O -of O -the O -hisT O -mutation O -. O - -aps B-category -Enhancement O -of O -the O -killer O -action O -toward O -sensitive O -yeast O -cells O -by O -only O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphate O -( O -ADP O -) O -was O -observed O -after O -plating O -on O -agar O -medium O -as O -well O -as O -after O -incubation O -in O -liquid O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -action O -of O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -was O -inhibited O -by O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -that O -protein O -synthesis O -is O -required O -for O -recovery O -of O -toxin O -- O -induced O -cells O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mode O -of O -killing O -action O -is O -discussed O -in O -terms O -of O -a O -transient O -state O -of O -the O -cells O -and O -the O -action O -of O -ADP O -and O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -has O -a O -general O -specificity O -for O -long O -- O -chain O -saturated O -and O -unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -thioesters O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -are O -N O -- O -glycolylmuramic O -acid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -amidase O -, O -an O -aminopeptidase O -that O -releases O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -, O -and O -an O -endopeptidase O -that O -solubilizes O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -dippetide O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -( O -ATP O -) O -synthesis O -energized O -by O -an O -artificially O -imposed O -protonmotive O -force O -( O -delta O -p O -) O -in O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphate O -- O -loaded O -membrane O -vesicles O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -, O -and O -with O -less O -efficiency O -lactose O -, O -also O -inhibits O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -ONPG O -in O -cell O -extracts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -also O -hydrolyzed O -guar O -flour O -and O -locust O -bean O -gum O -, O -but O -did O -not O -attack O -the O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -glycosides O -of O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -, O -alpha O -- O -or O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -, O -or O -alpha O -- O -or O -beta O -- O -mannose O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -examined O -wild O -- O -type O -and O -mutant O -strains O -of O -Klebsiella O -aerogenes O -for O -the O -relative O -amounts O -of O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -RNA O -) O -hybridizing O -specifically O -to O -deoxyribonucleic O -acid O -from O -a O -transducing O -phage O -carrying O -glnAK O -, O -the O -structural O -gene O -for O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -it O -is O -possible O -that O -transcription O -of O -glnA O -is O -not O -regulated O -simply O -by O -repression O -mediated O -through O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -protein O -; O -rather O -, O -autogenous O -control O -in O -this O -system O -may O -involve O -activation O -of O -transcription O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -first O -minutes O -of O -spore O -germination O -there O -was O -rapid O -accumulation O -of O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -reduction O -, O -de O -novo O -synthesis O -also O -began O -early O -in O -germination O -as O -the O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -levels O -increased O -to O -those O -found O -in O -growing O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -as O -growth O -and O -sporulation O -proceeded O -, O -the O -NADH O -plus O -NAD O -level O -fell O -four O -- O -to O -fivefold O -whereas O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -plus O -NADP O -level O -fell O -by O -a O -lesser O -amount O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -is O -presented O -that O -indicates O -that O -, O -in O -cells O -permeabilized O -via O -ether B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -ribonucleoside O -diphosphate O -reduction O -can O -utilize O -glutathione B-Chemical -as O -an O -alternate O -reducing O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Mutants O -with O -lesions O -in O -glnB O -are O -glutamine B-Chemical -auxotrophs O -and O -contain O -repressed O -levels O -of O -highly O -adenylylated O -GS O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -and O -8 O -. O -0 O -, O -alkylation O -of O -the O -gamma O -- O -carboxyl O -group O -of O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -58 I-Chemical -appeared O -to O -be O -the O -predominant O -reaction O -and O -the O -major O -cause O -of O -inactivation O -by O -tosylglycolate O -, O -as O -in O -the O -case O -of O -the O -iodoacetate O -reaction O -, O -although O -the O -rate O -of O -inactivation O -was O -slower O -than O -that O -by O -iodoacetate O -. O - -aps B-category -Ribonuclease O -T1 O -was O -much O -less O -protected O -from O -inactivation O -by O -guanosine B-Chemical -than O -by O -3 O -' O -- O -AMP O -or O -3 O -' O -- O -CMP O -, O -which O -has O -a O -lower O -binding O -strength O -toward O -ribonuclease O -T1 O -. O - -aps B-category -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -58 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -' O -- O -GMP O -and O -guanosine B-Chemical -showed O -some O -protective O -effect O -against O -loss O -of O -activity O -and O -of O -histidine O -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -serine O -residue O -was O -newly O -exposed O -at O -the O -N O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -of O -the O -inhibitor O -after O -modification O -with O -trypsin O -. O - -aps B-category -Related O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -not O -available O -for O -elimination O -reactions O -appeared O -to O -be O -inert O -as O -substrates O -for O -exchange O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -of O -the O -exchange O -reaction O -products O -were O -purified O -by O -a O -combination O -of O -paper O -and O -ion O -exchange O -chromatographies O -, O -and O -charcoal B-Chemical -treatment O -: O -their O -structures O -were O -confirmed O -by O -physicochemical O -methods O -including O -elemental O -analysis O -and O -proton O -magnetic O -resonance O -, O -infrared O -, O -and O -mass O -spectrometries O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -0 O -. O -25 O -M O -sucrose B-Chemical -and O -5 O -mM O -Tris B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -maleate I-Chemical -buffer O -were O -used O -instead O -of O -105 O -mM O -KCl O -and O -40 O -mM O -buffer O -, O -the O -pH O -gradient O -increased O -to O -0 O -. O -56 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -high O -concentration O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -strongly O -inhibited O -the O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -( O -s O -) O -by O -NaCl B-Chemical -was O -not O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -increase O -in O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -inhibited O -by O -mevalonolactone O -and O -by O -mevalonate O -salt B-Chemical -; O -at O -each O -concentration O -between O -6 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -and O -6 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -the O -lactone O -was O -a O -more O -effective O -inhibitor O -than O -the O -salt B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -highest O -dose O -( O -400 O -mg O -of O -( O -RS O -) O -- O -mevalonolactone O -/ O -200 O -g O -of O -rat O -) O -enzyme O -activities O -declined O -85 O -% O -within O -45 O -min O -and O -were O -still O -suppressed O -below O -normals O -after O -28 O -h O -. O -Mevalonolactone O -treatment O -resulted O -in O -increases O -in O -liver O -cholesterol B-Chemical -content O -and O -in O -the O -cholesterol B-Chemical -ester O -concentration O -of O -liver O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -membrane O -fraction O -enriched O -in O -parathyroid O -hormone O -( O -PTH O -) O -- O -sensitive O -adenylate O -cyclase O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -ion O -- O -activated O -( O -Na O -+ O -, O -K O -+ O -) O -- O -ATPase O -was O -prepared O -from O -bovine O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -dependence O -for O -inhibition O -of O -binding O -with O -unlabeled O -PTH O -was O -identical O -to O -that O -for O -activation O -of O -adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -this O -membrane O -preparation O -, O -and O -binding O -was O -also O -inhibited O -by O -concentrations O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -the O -0 O -. O -5 O -to O -2 O -mM O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -does O -not O -inhibit O -either O -total O -or O -specific O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -with O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -agents O -showed O -that O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -AMP O -- O -P O -( O -NH O -) O -P O -, O -binding O -of O -at O -least O -1 O -mol O -of O -ADP O -requires O -the O -participation O -of O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -standard O -assay O -systems O -for O -the O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -cytosol O -protein O -kinases O -would O -be O -unable O -to O -pick O -up O -this O -activity O -of O -the O -orthophosphate O -concentration O -is O -higher O -than O -25 O -mM O -and O -the O -pH O -or O -the O -assay O -lower O -than O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -formylmethionine O -tRNA O -with O -2 O -M O -sodium B-Chemical -bisulfite O -, O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -, O -in O -10 O -mM O -MgCl2 O -at O -25 O -degrees O -results O -in O -formation O -of O -uridine B-Chemical -/ O -bisulfite O -adducts O -at O -U18 O -in O -the O -dihydrouridine O -loop O -, O -U37 O -in O -the O -anticodon O -, O -and O -U48 O -in O -the O -variable O -loop O -. O - -aps B-category -Aminoacylation O -of O -[ O -35S O -] O -bisulfite O -- O -labeled O -tRNAfMet O -with O -a O -limiting O -amount O -of O -purified O -enzyme O -followed O -by O -separation O -of O -the O -acylated O -and O -unacylated O -molecules O -and O -structural O -analysis O -has O -shown O -that O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -specific O -diastereoisomer O -of O -the O -uridine B-Chemical -/ O -bisulfite O -adduct O -in O -the O -anticodon O -base O -U37 O -alters O -the O -kinetic O -parameters O -for O -aminoacylation O -of O -tRNAfMet O -. O - -aps B-category -Transport O -and O -metabolism O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -B6 I-Chemical -in O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -this O -and O -other O -evidence O -, O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -S O -. O -faecalis O -accumulates O -pyridoxamine O -by O -facilitated O -diffusion O -in O -conjunction O -with O -trapping O -by O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specificity O -of O -the O -growth O -requirement O -of O -S O -. O -faecalis O -and O -L O -. O -casei O -for O -vitamin B-Chemical -B6 I-Chemical -parallels O -the O -specificity O -of O -the O -transport O -systems O -for O -this O -vitamin O -in O -these O -organisms O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -and O -pyridoxamine O -- O -P O -are O -interconvertible O -in O -this O -organism O -, O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -is O -not O -further O -metabolized O -, O -thus O -accounting O -for O -the O -specificity O -of O -the O -growth O -requirement O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -troponin O -- O -tropomyosin O -complex O -from O -beef O -heart O -contained O -0 O -. O -78 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -15 O -mol O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -per O -mol O -of O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -32P O -was O -incorporated O -specifically O -into O -the O -TN O -- O -I O -subunit O -with O -a O -maximal O -incorporation O -of O -1 O -mol O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -per O -mol O -of O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -endogenous O -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -TN O -- O -T O -and O -TN O -- O -I O -suggests O -that O -kinases O -other O -than O -cyclic O -AMP O -- O -dependent O -protein O -kinase O -may O -also O -phosphorylate O -troponin O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -previously O -unavailable O -parameters O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -have O -been O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -passive O -binding O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -to O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -from O -adipocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Steady O -state O -was O -reached O -within O -20 O -min O -at O -all O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -affinity O -constants O -( O -and O -maximum O -binding O -capacities O -) O -as O -determined O -by O -computer O -analysis O -for O -the O -three O -classes O -were O -2 O -. O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -5 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -( O -0 O -. O -28 O -nmol O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -/ O -mg O -of O -protein O -) O -, O -1 O -. O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -4 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -( O -1 O -. O -1 O -nmol O -/ O -mg O -) O -, O -and O -1 O -. O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -2 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -( O -35 O -nmol O -/ O -mg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnesium B-Chemical -was O -a O -noncompetitive O -inhibitor O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -binding O -to O -all O -three O -classes O -of O -sites O -with O -a O -Ki O -of O -9 O -to O -12 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -represent O -the O -first O -analysis O -of O -passive O -calcium B-Chemical -binding O -to O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -from O -nonmuscular O -cells O -and O -the O -first O -report O -of O -corresponding O -rate O -constants O -for O -either O -endoplasmic O -or O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -characteristics O -and O -specificity O -of O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -binding O -constitute O -further O -evidence O -that O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -plays O -an O -important O -role O -in O -cellular O -calcium B-Chemical -homeostasis O -. O - -aps B-category -Brief O -exposure O -of O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -membranes O -to O -pH O -values O -in O -the O -range O -5 O -. O -5 O -to O -6 O -. O -0 O -at O -37 O -degrees O -caused O -rapid O -inactivation O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -accumulation O -measured O -at O -25 O -degrees O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -oxalate O -( O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -) O -while O -( O -Ca2 O -+ O -, O -Mg2 O -+ O -) O -- O -ATPase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -) O -activity O -was O -enhanced O -by O -75 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -efflux O -from O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -vesicles O -, O -previously O -loaded O -passibely O -with O -45CaCl2 O -, O -was O -only O -slightly O -increased O -when O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -was O -abolished O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethylene O -glycol O -bis O -( O -beta O -- O -aminoethyl O -ether B-Chemical -) O -N O -, O -N O -' O -- O -tetraacetic O -acid O -enhanced O -inactivation O -, O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -specifically O -protected O -against O -inactivation O -with O -half O -- O -maximal O -effect O -at O -1 O -to O -2 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -binding O -was O -studied O -by O -dual O -wavelength O -spectrophotometry O -and O -stopped O -flow O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -to O -Site O -A O -increased O -, O -however O -, O -from O -4 O -. O -6 O -to O -6 O -. O -4 O -nmol O -mg O -of O -protein O -- O -1 O -whereas O -that O -to O -Site O -B O -decreased O -from O -17 O -. O -0 O -to O -6 O -. O -9 O -nmol O -mg O -of O -protein O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -81 O -, O -483 O -- O -504 O -) O -was O -diminished O -by O -acid O -inactivation O -( O -Ealpha O -= O -8 O -. O -2 O -kcal O -mol O -- O -1 O -) O -in O -a O -manner O -suggesting O -that O -it O -is O -related O -to O -active O -calcium B-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Galactokinase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -1 O -. O -6 O -; O -ATP O -: O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphotransferase I-Chemical -) O -was O -purified O -to O -homogeneity O -with O -a O -50 O -% O -yield O -from O -cells O -of O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -which O -were O -fully O -induced O -for O -the O -production O -of O -the O -galactose B-Chemical -metabolizing O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -resulting O -preparation O -of O -galactokinase O -was O -judged O -to O -be O -at O -least O -95 O -% O -pure O -by O -the O -following O -criteria O -: O -( O -a O -) O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -( O -b O -) O -ultracentrifuge O -analysis O -, O -( O -c O -) O -nondissociating O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -and O -( O -d O -) O -Bio O -- O -Gel O -A O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -m O -gel O -filtration O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -corresponds O -to O -a O -turnover O -rate O -of O -3350 O -molecules O -of O -galactose B-Chemical -phosphorylated O -/ O -min O -/ O -enzyme O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -highly O -specific O -for O -galactose B-Chemical -since O -galactokinase O -did O -not O -appear O -to O -phosphorylate O -any O -of O -the O -other O -sugars O -tested O -at O -a O -rate O -greater O -than O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -of O -the O -rate O -of O -galactose B-Chemical -phosphorylation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dependencies O -of O -cholic O -acid O -CoA O -ligase O -activity O -on O -pH O -, O -ATP O -, O -CoA O -, O -Triton O -WR O -- O -1339 O -, O -acetone O -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -and O -salts O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholic O -acid O -was O -not O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -CoA O -ligase O -and O -palmitic O -acid O -was O -not O -a O -competitive O -inhibitor O -of O -the O -cholic O -acid O -CoA O -ligase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cholic O -acid O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -CoA O -ligase O -activities O -appeared O -to O -have O -different O -pH O -dependencies O -, O -differed O -in O -thermolability O -at O -41 O -degrees O -, O -and O -were O -differentially O -inactivated O -by O -phospholipase O -C O -. O -Moreover O -, O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -CoA O -ligase O -activity O -was O -present O -in O -microsomal O -fractions O -from O -all O -rat O -organs O -tested O -while O -cholic O -acid O -CoA O -ligase O -activity O -was O -detected O -only O -in O -liver O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -enzymatic O -activity O -on O -a O -spectrum O -of O -damaged O -DNA O -substrates O -indicates O -that O -the O -enzyme O -forms O -probably O -act O -at O -an O -appreciable O -rate O -only O -adjacent O -to O -the O -phosphodiester O -bond O -of O -a O -deoxyribose O -lacking O -a O -base O -( O -purine B-Chemical -or O -pyrimidine O -) O -in O -duplex O -DNA O -; O -such O -sites O -can O -be O -formed O -by O -treating O -the O -DNA O -with O -acid O -, O -alkylating B-Chemical -agents I-Chemical -, O -DNA O -N O -- O -glycosidases O -, O -and O -, O -probably O -, O -x O -- O -rays O -and O -OsO4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -on O -complexes O -between O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -various O -aminotransferases O -. O - -aps B-category -Chem O -249 O -, O -2696 O -- O -2703 O -) O -that O -in O -the O -aspartate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -reaction O -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -converts O -the O -aminotransferase O -into O -the O -pyridoxamine O -- O -P O -form O -which O -is O -then O -dehydrogenated O -by O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Indeed O -, O -it O -was O -found O -that O -aspartate B-Chemical -is O -actually O -an O -activator O -of O -the O -reaction O -between O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -the O -pyridoxamine O -- O -P O -form O -of O -the O -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -latter O -two O -reactions O -, O -there O -is O -no O -significant O -conversion O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -to O -oxalecetate O -and O -other O -compounds O -tested O -( O -including O -oxalacetate O -) O -would O -not O -substitute O -for O -aspartate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -could O -be O -of O -physiological O -importance O -because O -aspartate B-Chemical -enables O -the O -aspartate B-Chemical -and O -ornithine B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -reactions O -to O -be O -catalyzed O -almost O -as O -rapidly O -by O -complexes O -between O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -the O -appropriate O -mitochondrial O -aminotransferase O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -as O -they O -are O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -this O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -liver O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -is O -essentially O -as O -active O -as O -thebovine O -liver O -enzyme O -with O -aminotransferases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -thyroid O -peroxidase O -to O -Con O -A O -- O -agarose O -can O -be O -inhibited O -by O -sugars O -in O -the O -following O -order O -: O -alpha O -- O -methyl O -- O -D O -- O -mannoside O -greater O -than O -D O -- O -mannose O -greater O -than O -alpha O -- O -methyl O -- O -D O -- O -glucoside O -greater O -than O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -greater O -than O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Higher O -concentrations O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -ions O -were O -required O -for O -the O -translation O -of O -albumin O -mRNA O -than O -for O -total O -liver O -mRNAs O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -human O -platelet O -guanylate O -cyclase O -by O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -Hill O -coefficient O -of O -0 O -. O -98 O -was O -obtained O -indicating O -that O -one O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -binding O -site O -is O -present O -for O -each O -catalytic O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Diene O -, O -monoene O -, O -and O -saturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -of O -various O -carbon B-Chemical -chain O -lengths O -as O -well O -as O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -E1 O -, O -E2 O -, O -and O -F2alpha O -, O -had O -little O -or O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -structural O -group O -is O -similar O -to O -the O -substrate O -specificity O -determinants O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -cyclooxygenase O -, O -the O -first O -enzyme O -of O -the O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthetase O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -soluble O -form O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -in O -cell O -- O -free O -preparations O -of O -human O -platelets O -can O -be O -increased O -by O -a O -lipid O -- O -protein O -interaction O -involving O -specific O -polyunsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -- O -S O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -HMG O -- O -SCoA O -was O -subjected O -to O -proteolytic O -digestion O -under O -conditions O -favorable O -for O -intramolecular O -S O -to O -N O -acyl O -transfer O -in O -the O -predicted O -cysteine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -S I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ O -14C O -] O -HMG O -- O -SCoA O -fragment O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -and O -kinetics O -of O -native O -and O -chemically O -acitvated O -human O -liver O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -human O -enzyme O -has O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -at O -the O -active O -sites O -, O -as O -was O -shown O -previously O -for O -the O -horse O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -trypsin O -- O -treated O -18 O -S O -enzyme O -is O -inactive O -because O -trypsin O -removes O -the O -biotin B-Chemical -as O -biotinyl O -peptides O -and O -the O -26 O -S O -enzyme O -is O -active O -because O -of O -the O -second O -set O -of O -active O -outer O -subunits O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reagent O -molecules O -were O -attached O -to O -concanavalin O -A O -by O -reactions O -between O -imidoester O -groups O -of O -the O -reagents O -and O -free O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -of O -the O -lectin O -. O - -aps B-category -Caclium O -uptake O -and O -associated O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -activity O -in O -fragmented O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -monovalent O -cations O -on O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -fragmented O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -have O -been O -clarified O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -, O -in O -addition O -, O -inorganic O -cations O -are O -contributed O -by O -the O -microsomal O -suspension O -and O -in O -association O -with O -nucleotide B-Chemical -triphosphate O -substrates O -there O -is O -an O -apparent O -inhibition O -of O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -transport O -system O -by O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -other O -cations O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -plotted O -against O -the O -log O -of O -the O -free O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -there O -was O -only O -a O -slight O -increase O -in O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -ATPase O -activity O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -but O -sigmoid O -- O -shaped O -curves O -were O -obtained O -in O -100 O -mM O -K O -+ O -with O -half O -- O -maximal O -stimulation O -occurring O -at O -2 O -muM O -Ca2 O -+ O -for O -both O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -ATPase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -nos O -synergistic O -action O -between O -K O -+ O -AND O -Na O -+ O -ions O -and O -both O -calcium B-Chemical -uptak O -and O -associated O -ATPase O -were O -insensitive O -to O -ouabain B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ratio O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -ions O -transported O -to O -P1 O -released O -remained O -unchanged O -at O -2 O -after O -addition O -of O -K O -+ O -ions O -indicating O -an O -effect O -on O -the O -rate O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -rather O -than O -an O -increased O -efficiency O -of O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -considered O -that O -there O -is O -a O -physiological O -requirement O -for O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -in O -the O -relaxation O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purification O -involves O -protamine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -precipitation O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -, O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -precipitation O -, O -Sepharose O -6B O -gel O -filtration O -, O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -column O -chromatography O -, O -and O -hydroxylapatite O -column O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -results O -in O -two O -peptides O -with O -molecular O -weights O -of O -70 O -, O -000 O -and O -170 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanisms O -of O -acylation O -of O -chymotrypsin O -by O -phenyl O -esters O -of O -benzoic O -acid O -and O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -hormonal O -system O -in O -all O -species O -appears O -to O -involve O -a O -serum O -protein O -prohormone O -, O -angiotensinogen O -, O -a O -proteolytic O -enzyme O -, O -renin O -, O -and O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -, O -the O -decapeptide O -product O -of O -the O -reaction O -between O -renin O -and O -angiotensinogen O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -approach O -utilizes O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -, O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -150 O -chromatography O -, O -multiple O -isoelectric O -focusing O -, O -and O -concanavalin O -A O -- O -Sepharose O -affinity O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -individual O -carbon B-Chemical -sites O -of O -hen O -egg O -white O -lysozyme O -by O -natural O -abundance O -carbon B-Chemical -13 O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -resonances O -of O -nonprotonated O -aromatic O -carbons O -in O -natural O -abundance O -13C O -NMR O -spectra O -of O -hen O -egg O -white O -lysozyme O -are O -assigned O -to O -specific O -residues O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -paramagnetic O -shift O -reagents O -and O -amino B-Chemical -sugar O -inhibitors O -do O -not O -yield O -any O -obvious O -specific O -assignments O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -3rd O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residue O -does O -not O -exhibit O -titration O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -Application O -of O -natural O -abundance O -carbon B-Chemical -13 O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Assay O -of O -galactosyl O -transferase O -activity O -using O -ovalbumin O -, O -desialylated O -degalactosylated O -orosomucoid O -, O -and O -N O -- O -acetylglucosamine O -as O -galactose B-Chemical -acceptors O -showed O -that O -the O -Golgi O -fraction O -was O -enriched O -in O -specific O -activity O -over O -the O -homogenate O -. O - -aps B-category -Manganese O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -necessary O -for O -galactose B-Chemical -incorporation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -and O -temperature O -dependence O -of O -the O -interaction O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -hormones O -with O -the O -transport O -system O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -human O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -, O -according O -to O -the O -structure O -of O -the O -steroids B-Chemical -, O -hydrophilic O -as O -well O -as O -hydrophobic O -bonds O -can O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -association O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -thermodynamic O -parameters O -it O -has O -been O -found O -that O -in O -the O -association O -process O -of O -the O -steroids B-Chemical -with O -the O -carrier O -, O -simultaneous O -randomization O -of O -ordered O -water O -molecules O -is O -important O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -Paramecium O -tetraurelia O -in O -log O -phase O -growth O -is O -treated O -with O -4 O -% O -dimethyl B-Chemical -sulphoxide I-Chemical -( O -DMSO B-Chemical -) O -for O -five O -minutes O -the O -amount O -of O -polyribosomes O -is O -reduced O -3 O -- O -to O -4 O -- O -fold O -while O -there O -is O -a O -corresponding O -increase O -in O -80s O -ribosomal O -material O -. O - -aps B-category -Paramecium O -polyribosomes O -subjected O -to O -4 O -% O -DMSO B-Chemical -either O -in O -whole O -cell O -homogenates O -or O -during O -purification O -through O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradients O -appear O -unaffected O -while O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -at O -concentrations O -up O -to O -100 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -did O -not O -prevent O -DMSO B-Chemical -from O -exerting O -its O -effect O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduction O -of O -acid O -precipitable O -radioactivity O -in O -the O -polyribosomal O -region O -after O -DMSO B-Chemical -treatment O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -corresponding O -increase O -in O -radioactivity O -in O -the O -80s O -region O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -it O -is O -of O -interest O -that O -high O -concentrations O -of O -DMSO B-Chemical -( O -above O -8 O -% O -) O -appear O -to O -have O -the O -opposite O -effect O -of O -lower O -concentrations O -of O -DMSO B-Chemical -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -they O -appear O -to O -" O -freeze O -" O -the O -ribosomes O -to O -mRNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Urate B-Chemical -oxidase O -was O -not O -inactivated O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -other O -protease O -peaks O -obtained O -by O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -chromatography O -had O -little O -or O -no O -no O -enzyme O -inactivating O -activity O -, O -while O -another O -attacked O -only O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactate B-Chemical -dehdrogenase O -was O -not O -protected O -by O -either O -of O -its O -substrates O -of O -coenzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Separation O -of O -methylated O -basic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rapid O -method O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -and O -desmethylfflunitrazepam O -in O -human O -serum O -in O -the O -range O -10 O -- O -300 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -permits O -the O -quantitative O -determination O -of O -at O -least O -25 O -- O -300 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -with O -an O -overall O -recovery O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -of O -99 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -9 O -% O -and O -of O -desmethylflunitrazepam O -of O -98 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -. O -8 O -% O -from O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -large O -molecular O -weight O -fraction O -, O -F O -- O -1 O -, O -was O -not O -retarded O -by O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -100 O -as O -was O -hFSH O -, O -nor O -did O -it O -penetrate O -7 O -. O -5 O -% O -acrylamide O -gel O -upon O -electrophoresis O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -as O -did O -hFSH O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanism O -for O -calcium B-Chemical -urolithiasis O -among O -patients O -with O -hyperuricosuria O -: O -supersaturation O -of O -urine O -with O -respect O -to O -monosodium O -urate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -solutions O -containing O -Na O -, O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -rapidly O -transformed O -to O -NaU O -at O -pH O -greater O -than O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -reliable O -and O -simple O -method O -for O -the O -calculation O -of O -the O -state O -of O -saturation O -of O -urine O -with O -respect O -to O -NaU O -was O -developed O -from O -the O -ratio O -of O -concentration O -products O -of O -Na O -and O -total O -dissolved O -urate B-Chemical -( O -Upi O -) O -in O -the O -ambient O -fluid O -before O -and O -after O -incubation O -of O -urine O -with O -synthetic O -NaU O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -relative O -saturation O -ratio O -, O -or O -the O -ratio O -of O -activity O -product O -of O -original O -sample O -and O -the O -thermodynamic O -solubility O -product O -of O -NaU O -, O -often O -differed O -from O -the O -activity O -product O -ratio O -in O -the O -individual O -urine O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -components O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -on O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -were O -studied O -in O -lyastes O -of O -human O -platelets O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -measured O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -was O -also O -reduced O -by O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -component O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -but O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -was O -less O -than O -on O -basal O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -to O -suspensions O -of O -microvillus O -membranes O -increases O -the O -fluorescence O -polarization O -of O -retinol O -and O -anthroyl O -- O -stearate O -, O -but O -not O -that O -of O -diphenyl O -- O -hexatriene O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -levels O -in O -the O -culture O -supernatant O -were O -elevated O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -plus O -glucose B-Chemical -cultures O -but O -remained O -at O -basal O -levels O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -dextran B-Chemical -plus O -glucose B-Chemical -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -Ribonuclease O -( O -RNase O -) O -activities O -revealed O -by O -the O -substrate O -film O -method O -were O -compared O -with O -reactions O -for O -acid O -and O -alkaline O -RNase O -obtained O -by O -lead B-Chemical -precipitation O -technique O -in O -serial O -sections O -of O -preneoplastic O -livers O -and O -hepatomas O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -a O -good O -correlation O -was O -observed O -in O -these O -tissues O -between O -the O -RNase O -activities O -revealed O -by O -the O -film O -method O -and O -those O -demonstrated O -by O -lead B-Chemical -precipitation O -. O - -aps B-category -Pneumococcal O -cell O -walls O -containing O -ethanolamine O -were O -as O -effective O -as O -cell O -walls O -containing O -choline B-Chemical -in O -activating O -the O -alternative O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -intermolecular O -collagen O -cross O -links O -was O -measured O -following O -incorporation O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -lysine O -, O -reduction O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -borohydride O -, O -and O -elution O -from O -an O -ion O -exchange O -column O -with O -a O -pyridine O -- O -formate O -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -catechol B-Chemical -analogs O -also O -inhibit O -the O -activity O -of O -lysyl O -hydroxylase O -as O -measured O -by O -specific O -tritium O -release O -as O -triated O -water O -from O -an O -L O -- O -[ O -4 O -, O -5 O -- O -3H O -] O -lysine O -- O -labeled O -unhydroxylated O -collagen O -substrate O -prepared O -from O -chick O -calvaria O -. O - -aps B-category -Buffering O -the O -stored O -red O -cells O -with O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -is O -one O -solution O -to O -the O -problem O -of O -maintaining O -pH O -during O -storage O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -medium O -containing O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -adenine O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -mannitol B-Chemical -( O -BAGPM O -) O -is O -added O -after O -initial O -packing O -of O -the O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -More O -frequent O -agitation O -( O -five O -times O -weekly O -) O -produced O -acceptable O -maintenance O -of O -both O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -( O -78 O -percent O -of O -original O -) O -and O -ATP O -( O -44 O -percent O -of O -original O -) O -after O -42 O -days O -of O -storage O -when O -a O -Silastic O -block O -impregnated O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -was O -utilized O -to O -absorb O -CO2 O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -and O -26 O -degrees O -C O -the O -hemolysates O -show O -a O -high O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -( O -P50 O -= O -3 O -. O -1 O -Torr O -) O -, O -a O -Bohr O -factor O -( O -delta O -log O -P50 O -/ O -delta O -pH O -) O -of O -- O -0 O -. O -33 O -, O -and O -a O -cooperativity O -coefficient O -( O -n O -) O -of O -1 O -. O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -salt B-Chemical -sensitivity O -is O -, O -however O -, O -similar O -to O -human O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Guanosine O -triphosphate O -( O -GTP O -) O -, O -the O -major O -erythrocytic O -organic O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -however O -, O -depresses O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -the O -composite O -and O -separated O -hemoglobins O -more O -effectively O -than O -ATP O -suggesting O -that O -GTP O -is O -the O -primary O -modulator O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -. O - -aps B-category -Adsorption O -of O -phage O -P22 O -to O -its O -receptor O -in O -the O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -( O -LPS O -) O -of O -the O -envelope O -of O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -is O -accompanied O -by O -a O -hydrolytic O -cleavage O -of O -the O -O O -polysaccharide O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -0 O -- O -05 O -M O -- O -tris O -- O -HCl O -buffer O -, O -pH O -8 O -- O -0 O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -poly B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ornithine I-Chemical -or O -poly O -- O -D O -- O -lysine O -, O -50 O -to O -80 O -% O -infection O -was O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -efficacy O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -citrate B-Chemical -in O -the O -management O -of O -apnea O -in O -the O -newborn O -infant O -was O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -age O -at O -onset O -of O -apnea O -and O -at O -initiation O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -treatment O -was O -6 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -7 O -days O -and O -18 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -9 O -days O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -infants O -except O -one O -showed O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -the O -frequency O -of O -apneic O -episodes O -associated O -with O -caffeine B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -caffeine B-Chemical -is O -an O -effective O -pharmacologic O -respirogenic O -agent O -in O -the O -preterm O -infant O -with O -apnea O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -is O -presented O -to O -indicate O -that O -the O -bisulfite O -ion O -( O -HSO3 O -- O -) O -adds O -across O -the O -C O -- O -9 O -carbonyl O -group O -of O -dinoprostone O -( O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -) O -and O -across O -the O -delta O -10 O -, O -11 O -- O -bond O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -A2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -- O -order O -rate O -constant O -for O -the O -attack O -of O -sulfite O -ion O -( O -SO3 O -2 O -- O -) O -to O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -A2 O -is O -1 O -. O -75 O -sec O -- O -1 O -M O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -the O -reaction O -were O -followed O -using O -a O -polarographic O -oxygen B-Chemical -electrode O -at O -a O -range O -of O -pH O -values O -for O -seven O -currently O -prescribed O -tetracyclines O -. O - -aps B-category -Copper O -( O -II O -) O -ions O -inhibited O -the O -photo O -- O -oxidation O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -, O -apparently O -by O -complex O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -Mass O -spectra O -obtained O -from O -pyrolyzates O -of O -amine B-Chemical -salts O -and O -from O -the O -corresponding O -free O -bases O -were O -essentially O -identical O -. O - -aps B-category -Due O -to O -the O -adsorption O -of O -chloroquine B-Chemical -by O -magnesium B-Chemical -trisilicate O -, O -both O -the O -BP O -acid O -absorption O -test O -and O -the O -rate O -of O -hydrochloric O -acid O -uptake O -, O -as O -monitored O -by O -pH O -measurements O -, O -were O -significantly O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -adsorbed O -chloroquine B-Chemical -also O -decreased O -the O -amounts O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -released O -in O -an O -acid O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -partition O -behavior O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -recently O -demonstrated O -that O -prenatal O -administration O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -to O -the O -rat O -results O -in O -tolerance O -to O -the O -analgesic O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -the O -offspring O -at O -3 O -to O -11 O -weeks O -of O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -produced O -a O -dose O -- O -related O -increase O -in O -analgesia O -in O -all O -offspring O -, O -but O -the O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -the O -offspring O -of O -levorphanol O -- O -treated O -females O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -compared O -to O -the O -offspring O -of O -saline O -- O -treated O -females O -; O -the O -analgesic O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -did O -not O -differ O -between O -the O -offspring O -of O -the O -dextrorphan O -- O -and O -saline O -- O -treated O -females O -. O - -aps B-category -Diminished O -analgesic O -activity O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -the O -offspring O -of O -levorphanol O -- O -treated O -females O -compared O -to O -the O -offspring O -of O -females O -that O -had O -received O -dextrorphan O -or O -saline O -was O -still O -observed O -even O -when O -the O -offspring O -were O -rendered O -tolerant O -to O -morphine B-Chemical -by O -daily O -drug O -injections O -over O -a O -period O -of O -5 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -maternal O -ethanol B-Chemical -ingestion O -on O -amine B-Chemical -uptake O -into O -synaptosomes O -of O -fetal O -and O -neonatal O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -pups O -exposed O -to O -ethanol B-Chemical -from O -the O -13th O -day O -of O -gestation O -, O -synaptosomal O -uptake O -of O -3H O -- O -tyramine O -and O -its O -conversion O -to O -3H O -- O -octopamine O -were O -increased O -initially O -and O -exposure O -to O -ethanol B-Chemical -from O -the O -18th O -day O -of O -gestation O -produced O -increases O -in O -synaptosomal O -uptake O -and O -conversion O -for O -longer O -periods O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -tyrosin O -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -the O -developing O -rats O -was O -unaltered O -by O -continuous O -exposure O -to O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -maternal O -ethanol B-Chemical -ingestion O -can O -affect O -synaptic O -function O -in O -the O -developing O -central O -noradrenergic O -system O -, O -with O -consequent O -alterations O -in O -neurotransmitter O -uptake O -and O -storage O -. O - -aps B-category -Net O -tubular O -secretion O -of O -urate B-Chemical -was O -reduced O -by O -MK O -- O -196 O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -the O -marked O -natriuresis O -caused O -by O -MK O -- O -196 O -, O -some O -increase O -in O -potassium B-Chemical -excretion O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -excretory O -pattern O -for O -MK O -- O -196 O -is O -ocmpatible O -with O -that O -of O -other O -weak O -organic O -acids O -such O -as O -salicylate B-Chemical -and O -probenecid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -MK O -= O -196 O -and O -pyrazinoate O -on O -urate B-Chemical -excretion O -is O -in O -direct O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -results O -obtained O -with O -probenecid O -and O -pyrazinoate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Bohr O -effect O -on O -the O -reaction O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -with O -fully O -oxygenated O -haemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Allosteric O -effects O -in O -cobaltohaemoglobin O -as O -studied O -by O -precise O -oxygen B-Chemical -equilibrium O -measurements O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -methods O -were O -applied O -to O -study O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -oxalate O -dihydrate O -( O -weddellite O -) O -system O -in O -artificial O -urine O -that O -lacked O -only O -proteinaceous O -components O -. O - -aps B-category -Clindamycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -a O -newly O -developed O -injectable O -antibiotic O -, O -was O -bacteriologically O -evaluated O -in O -comparison O -with O -the O -parent O -compound O -, O -clindamycin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -studies O -demonstrated O -that O -clindamycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -clindamycin O -are O -affected O -by O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -medium O -used O -- O -- O -the O -antibacterial O -activity O -becomes O -stronger O -as O -the O -medium O -is O -made O -more O -alkaline O -- O -- O -while O -they O -are O -little O -affected O -by O -the O -size O -of O -the O -inoculum O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Use O -of O -clindamycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -in O -ophthalmology O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Sensitivity O -of O -organisms O -isolated O -from O -human O -clinical O -materials O -: O -Of O -44 O -staphylococcal O -strains O -in O -vitro O -studied O -13 O -were O -highly O -sensitive O -to O -0 O -. O -1 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -and O -28 O -were O -resistant O -to O -100 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -or O -more O -of O -clindamycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clindamycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -was O -administered O -intramuscularly O -at O -the O -dose O -of O -300 O -mg O -to O -6 O -healthy O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -Germination O -of O -unactivated O -spores O -of O -Bacillus O -cereus O -T O -. O -Effect O -of O -preincubation O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -or O -inosine O -on O -the O -subsequent O -germination O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -unactivated O -spores O -can O -not O -germinate O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -either O -germinant O -alone O -but O -rapidly O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -both O -germinants O -. O - -aps B-category -Preincubations O -of O -unactivated O -spores O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -or O -inosine O -had O -opposite O -effects O -on O -the O -subsequent O -germination O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -both O -germinants O -: O -preincubation O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -stimulated O -the O -initiation O -of O -subsequent O -germination O -, O -while O -preincubation O -with O -inosine O -inhibited O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -preincubation O -of O -unactivated O -spores O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -was O -not O -diminished O -by O -washings O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -the O -metabolism O -, O -pathophysiology O -and O -clinical O -picture O -of O -iron B-Chemical -poisoning O -, O -a O -treatment O -protocol O -for O -the O -emergency O -department O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -Chelation O -therapy O -with O -Desferal O -is O -reserved O -for O -patients O -with O -free O -serum O -iron B-Chemical -, O -and O -probably O -for O -patients O -who O -present O -in O -coma O -, O -shock O -, O -or O -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -Coronary O -sinus O -flow O -, O -total O -coronary O -blood O -flow O -, O -left O -ventricular O -flow O -, O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -, O -and O -myocardial O -tissue O -lactate B-Chemical -increased O -significantly O -in O -the O -fibrillating O -hearts O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurochemical O -sequelae O -of O -kainate B-Chemical -injections O -in O -corpus O -striatum O -and O -substantia O -nigra O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -the O -hypothermic O -perfused O -rat O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -common O -analysis O -of O -gastric O -juice O -obtained O -by O -aspiration O -, O -by O -intragastric O -titration O -with O -the O -pH O -being O -measured O -extragastricly O -gastric O -acid O -can O -be O -determined O -at O -its O -site O -of O -production O -( O -less O -volume O -loss O -and O -rediffusion O -of O -H O -+ O -- O -ions O -into O -tissue O -) O -, O -the O -results O -obtained O -representing O -more O -accurately O -the O -true O -secretory O -capacity O -of O -the O -stomach O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -dialdehyde O -starch O -with O -casein O -and O -field O -- O -bean O -globulin O -leads O -to O -a O -blocking O -of O -the O -protein O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -and O -to O -a O -decrease O -of O -free O -lysine O -, O -arginine O -and O -histidine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -value O -for O -the O -proportion O -of O -unblocked O -lysine O -is O -higher O -( O -approximately O -5 O -% O -) O -when O -determined O -by O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -after O -acid O -total O -hydrolysis O -than O -when O -measured O -by O -means O -of O -the O -colorimetric O -method O -according O -to O -Carpenter O -( O -20 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarity O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -mediating O -contractile O -and O -relaxant O -effects O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -kitten O -pipillary O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Phasic O -KCl O -- O -contractures O -in O -kitten O -papillary O -muscles O -were O -decreased O -by O -( O -- O -) O -- O -and O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -isoprenaline I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Increases O -in O -maximum O -rates O -of O -contraction O -and O -relaxation O -, O -increases O -in O -peak O -tension O -of O -isometric O -contractions O -and O -reduction O -of O -phasic O -KCl O -- O -contractures O -by O -catecholamines B-Chemical -were O -antagonized O -competitively O -to O -a O -similar O -extent O -by O -( O -- O -) O -- O -bupranolol O -. O - -aps B-category -Increases O -in O -contractile O -strength O -, O -maximum O -rates O -of O -contraction O -and O -of O -relaxation O -of O -isometric O -contractions O -and O -decreases O -in O -KCl O -- O -contractures O -by O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -isoprenaline I-Chemical -were O -surmountably O -blocked O -by O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -bupranolol O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -same O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -triggers O -positive O -inotropic O -, O -relaxant O -and O -adenylyl O -cyclase O -- O -activating O -effects O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -kitten O -papillary O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -myocardial O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -by O -the O -nitrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -low O -affinity O -ligand O -3 O -' O -, O -4 O -' O -- O -dihydroxy O -- O -alpha O -- O -methylpropiophenone O -( O -U O -- O -0521 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -effect O -of O -U O -- O -0521 O -was O -smaller O -than O -the O -maximum O -effect O -of O -( O -- O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -isoprenaline I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -both O -U O -- O -0521 O -and O -( O -- O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -isoprenaline I-Chemical -appear O -therefore O -mediated O -through O -the O -same O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -min O -incubations O -with O -equieffective O -( O -increase O -in O -cellular O -beating O -rate O -) O -concentrations O -of O -U O -- O -0521 O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -) O -and O -( O -- O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -isoprenaline I-Chemical -( O -1 O -nM O -) O -caused O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -cellular O -content O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -; O -this O -effect O -of O -both O -drugs O -was O -antagonized O -by O -10 O -nM O -( O -- O -- O -) O -- O -bupranolol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -with O -U O -- O -0521 O -suggest O -that O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -can O -be O -activated O -by O -agonists O -devoid O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -dogs O -, O -anaesthetized O -with O -chloralose B-Chemical -, O -fentanyl B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -After O -both O -procedures O -, O -fentanyl B-Chemical -( O -20 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -dorsal O -nucleus O -of O -the O -vagal O -nerve O -was O -destroyed O -together O -with O -the O -NTS O -, O -this O -nucleus O -does O -also O -not O -appear O -to O -be O -a O -major O -site O -of O -the O -action O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenaline B-Chemical -stimulates O -secretion O -of O -the O -growth O -factor O -as O -does O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -agonist O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -, O -while O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -is O -less O -active O -in O -stimulating O -EGF O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -of O -the O -salivary O -gland O -pieces O -with O -colchicine O -reduces O -the O -secretory O -response O -to O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -an O -involvement O -of O -microtubular O -proteins O -in O -the O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -synaptic O -vesicles O -showing O -positive O -reaction O -with O -zinc B-Chemical -iodide O -was O -calculated O -in O -20 O -synaptic O -boutons O -in O -each O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -electrocortical O -activity O -induced O -by O -the O -perfusion O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -into O -the O -nucleus O -of O -the O -solitary O -tract O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -percent O -of O -patients O -were O -on O -some O -kind O -of O -psychotropic O -medication O -for O -behavioural O -control O -, O -the O -majority O -of O -these O -receiving O -two O -or O -more O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -in O -moderate O -dosage O -( O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -or O -butyrophenones O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Leukocyte O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -G O -- O -6 O -- O -PD O -) O -activity O -was O -17 O -nmol O -/ O -min O -/ O -mg O -protein O -in O -the O -patient O -; O -two O -brothers O -with O -symptoms O -of O -recurrent O -bacterial O -infections O -have O -G O -- O -6 O -- O -PD O -activities O -of O -58 O -and O -37 O -nmol O -/ O -min O -/ O -mg O -protein O -; O -the O -activites O -of O -this O -enzyme O -in O -both O -parents O -, O -maternal O -grandmother O -, O -and O -one O -additional O -brother O -were O -within O -normal O -limits O -. O - -aps B-category -Activities O -of O -leukocyte O -glutathione B-Chemical -peroxidase O -were O -reduced O -in O -all O -of O -the O -immediate O -family O -members O -tested O -, O -with O -values O -ranging O -from O -11 O -. O -2 O -to O -43 O -nmol O -/ O -min O -/ O -mg O -protein O -; O -the O -activity O -of O -this O -enzyme O -in O -the O -patient O -was O -38 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -Mg2 O -+ O -with O -nucleoside B-Chemical -disphosphates O -: O -ADP O -, O -GDP O -, O -CDP O -and O -UDP O -has O -been O -studied O -by O -phosphorus B-Chemical -magnetic O -resonance O -spectroscopy O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -strength O -of O -the O -interaction O -of O -Mg2 O -+ O -ions O -with O -nucleoside B-Chemical -diphosphates O -is O -weaker O -than O -with O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphates O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacology O -and O -biochemistry O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -More O -than O -300 O -patients O -have O -been O -observed O -during O -treatment O -with O -either O -flupenthixol O -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -enanthate I-Chemical -or O -perphenazine O -enanthate O -in O -high O -doses O -, O -whilst O -suffering O -from O -severe O -mental O -disease O -, O -usually O -of O -psychotic O -nature O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -bethanechol B-Chemical -on O -intestinal O -ion O -transport O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -salicylic O -acid O -with O -adenosine B-Chemical -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Complex O -formation O -between O -salicylic O -acid O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -or O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -in O -0 O -. O -2m O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -at O -pH O -= O -7 O -was O -investigated O -as O -a O -potential O -factor O -contributing O -to O -the O -prolongation O -of O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -GI O -blood O -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -obtained O -seem O -to O -support O -the O -opinion O -that O -the O -mechansim O -of O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -GI O -blood O -loss O -is O -due O -to O -a O -combination O -of O -both O -local O -and O -systemic O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -degradation O -of O -alpha O -. O -alpha O -- O -diallylmalonuric O -acid O -in O -the O -pH O -range O -10 O -- O -- O -12 O -is O -an O -example O -of O -specific O -base O -catalysis O -which O -can O -be O -explained O -by O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ion I-Chemical -attack O -on O -its O -monoanionic O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Polarographic O -determination O -in O -whole O -blood O -of O -nitro O -- O -derivaties O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -in O -acute O -poisoning O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -combined O -analysis O -of O -data O -from O -11 O -controlled O -studies O -of O -loxapine O -versus O -either O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -or O -trifluoperazine O -in O -acute O -schizophrenia O -( O -5 O -studies O -) O -and O -chronic O -schizophrenia O -( O -6 O -studies O -) O -showed O -statistically O -significant O -superiority O -of O -loxapine O -on O -several O -items O -and O -factors O -of O -standardized O -psychiatric O -rating O -scales O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -, O -most O -evident O -with O -Haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -is O -possibly O -due O -to O -the O -specific O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -component O -of O -the O -substances O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -support O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -that O -mediate O -the O -effects O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -on O -prolactin O -secretion O -are O -similar O -to O -those O -that O -mediate O -the O -anti O -- O -psychotic O -effect O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -changes O -in O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopamine I-Chemical -accumulation O -formed O -from O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -in O -mice O -after O -treatment O -with O -three O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -cis O -( O -Z O -) O -- O -flupenthixol O -, O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -, O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -were O -followed O -for O -6 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Use O -of O -optimalized O -methods O -in O -the O -determination O -of O -enzymatic O -activity O -in O -workers O -exposed O -to O -the O -action O -of O -fluorine O -and O -vinyl O -chloride B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -shown O -that O -elevated O -levels O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -1 O -- O -cystine O -increase O -the O -mitotic O -index O -and O -improve O -the O -keeping O -qualities O -of O -the O -medium O -199 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -demonstrable O -interactive O -effect O -was O -dependent O -on O -a O -conditioning O -period O -of O -hypocapnia O -, O -and O -this O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -an O -elevated O -level O -of O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -to O -a O -greater O -degree O -in O -cerebral O -venous O -blood O -than O -in O -CSF O -or O -arterial O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -data O -cardiac O -output O -( O -Vb O -) O -and O -stroke O -volume O -( O -Vs O -) O -, O -ventilatory O -and O -circulatory O -requirements O -( O -Vg O -/ O -MO2 O -, O -Vb O -/ O -MO2 O -) O -, O -extraction O -of O -O2 O -from O -inspired O -air O -( O -EgO2 O -) O -and O -blood O -EbO2 O -) O -, O -and O -capacitance O -coefficient O -of O -blood O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -( O -betabo2 O -) O -were O -calculated O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -study O -the O -role O -of O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -in O -the O -CSF O -[ O -HCO3 O -] O -increase O -in O -respiratory O -acidosis O -and O -its O -effect O -on O -brain O -ammonia B-Chemical -, O -anesthetized O -rats O -were O -subjected O -to O -hypercapnia O -( O -7 O -% O -CO2 O -) O -for O -2 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -HC1 O -infusion O -, O -CSF O -[ O -HCO3 O -] O -increased O -8 O -. O -5 O -mM O -/ O -L O -after O -2 O -hours O -of O -hypercapnia O -( O -delta O -PCO2 O -40 O -) O -in O -the O -rats O -with O -intraventricular O -' O -mock O -' O -CSF O -injections O -, O -and O -only O -6 O -mM O -/ O -L O -in O -the O -animals O -with O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -injections O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -total O -brain O -CO2 O -( O -increase O -) O -and O -brain O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -decrease O -) O -in O -hypercapnia O -were O -not O -affected O -by O -intraventricular O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -and O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Action O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -on O -cardiac O -hemodynamics O -in O -hypertensive O -patients O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Blood O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -stimulation O -of O -gastric O -secretion O -( O -preliminary O -note O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -release O -by O -presynaptic O -receptor O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -- O -tyrosyl O -- O -secretin O -took O -more O -iodine B-Chemical -compared O -to O -porcine O -synthetic O -secretin O -but O -had O -lower O -immunoreactivity O -with O -all O -antisera O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -Chlorpromazine O -equivalents O -of O -other O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -regulation O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -mediating O -myocardial O -contraction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cardiotonic O -effect O -of O -increased O -calcium B-Chemical -remained O -. O - -aps B-category -Light O -microscopy O -immunohistochemical O -techniques O -were O -used O -to O -examine O -the O -distribution O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Pathophysiology O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -alone O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -to O -be O -extremely O -effective O -in O -reducing O -arterial O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Canine O -gastric O -blood O -flow O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -during O -cimetidine B-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -acid O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Cross O -- O -linking O -of O -gamma O -- O -chains O -and O -the O -size O -of O -covalently O -linked O -fibrin O -- O -fibrinogen O -oligomers O -were O -studied O -in O -an O -early O -stage O -of O -fibrinopeptide O -cleavage O -using O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Liquid O -scintillation O -counting O -of O -cell O -suspension O -from O -such O -nodes O -showed O -an O -even O -higher O -increase O -in O -3H O -thymidine B-Chemical -incorporation O -in O -GVH O -vs O -normal O -nodes O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -food O -dyes O -on O -Paramecium O -caudatum O -: O -toxicity O -and O -inhibitory O -effects O -on O -leucine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -and O -acid O -phosphatase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Cimethidine O -- O -- O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -contribution O -to O -the O -formation O -mechanism O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -oxalate O -urinary O -calculi O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -in O -vitro O -on O -the O -precipitation O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -oxalate O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enlargement O -of O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -oxalate O -crystals O -and O -aggregates O -caused O -by O -the O -retardation O -of O -crystallization O -, O -however O -, O -should O -be O -regarded O -as O -a O -contraindicating O -factor O -for O -Mg O -therapy O -in O -oxalate O -calculous O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -and O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -hemato O -- O -and O -other O -cell O -- O -poiesis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -characterize O -age O -differences O -in O -the O -lipolytic O -effect O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -on O -tests O -of O -subcutaneous O -adipose O -tissue O -of O -test O -persons O -aged O -from O -0 O -. O -1 O -to O -10 O -years O -, O -from O -20 O -to O -40 O -years O -, O -and O -from O -60 O -to O -75 O -years O -the O -influence O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -phentolamine B-Chemical -and O -theophyllin O -on O -the O -release O -of O -glycerol O -by O -isoprenalin O -and O -adrenalin O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Phentolamine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -5 O -) O -mol O -/ O -1 O -) O -increases O -the O -lipolytic O -effect O -of O -adrenalin O -( O -10 O -( O -5 O -) O -mol O -/ O -1 O -) O -, O -there O -are O -no O -age O -differences O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -salbutamol B-Chemical -, O -fenoterol O -, O -and O -placebo O -aerosols O -on O -airway O -resistance O -in O -asthmatics O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -gold B-Chemical -treatment O -periods O -of O -26 O -patients O -with O -a O -total O -dose O -of O -3 O -. O -8 O -g O -Fosfocrisolo O -( O -0 O -. O -8 O -g O -Au O -) O -the O -mean O -value O -of O -gamma O -- O -GT O -decreased O -from O -26 O -to O -IU O -/ O -l O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Purification O -and O -various O -properties O -of O -NADP O -+ O -- O -dependent O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Acinetobacter O -calcoaceticus O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -, O -turnover O -and O -compartment O -analysis O -of O -the O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -placenta O -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -data O -revealed O -that O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -pass O -into O -the O -fetus O -from O -maternal O -plasma O -through O -a O -small O -placental O -compartment O -, O -which O -accounts O -for O -only O -5 O -percent O -of O -all O -of O -the O -placental O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Antihemolytic O -effect O -of O -various O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -on O -human O -erythrocytes O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -depends O -on O -concentration O -and O -is O -biphasic O -with O -the O -exception O -of O -oxazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -these O -leghemoglobins O -have O -similar O -affinities O -for O -the O -small O -anionic O -ligand O -fluoride B-Chemical -ion O -, O -and O -they O -are O -only O -slightly O -more O -accessible O -to O -this O -ligand O -than O -is O -sperm O -whale O -myoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifty O -- O -five O -patients O -with O -mild O -to O -moderate O -, O -renal O -or O -essential O -hypertension O -were O -admitted O -to O -a O -double O -blind O -cross O -- O -over O -trial O -of O -18 O -weeks O -, O -involving O -treatment O -periods O -with O -placebo O -, O -the O -thiazide B-Chemical -bendrofluazide B-Chemical -( O -15 O -mg O -daily O -) O -and O -the O -beta O -blocker O -atenolol B-Chemical -( O -600 O -mg O -daily O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -renin O -concentration O -was O -not O -found O -to O -have O -a O -strong O -predicting O -power O -for O -the O -hypotensive O -effect O -of O -atenolol B-Chemical -or O -bendrofluazide B-Chemical -but O -low O -renin O -patients O -showed O -a O -more O -pronounced O -blood O -pressure O -decrease O -on O -bendrofluazide B-Chemical -and O -high O -renin O -patients O -, O -especially O -essential O -hypertensives O -, O -on O -atenolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -Velletri O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -variant O -has O -reduced O -activity O -, O -increased O -thermolability O -, O -increased O -Michaelis O -constants O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -NADP O -, O -slightly O -increased O -electrophoretic O -mobility O -, O -and O -a O -biphasic O -pH O -- O -activity O -profile O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -interferon B-Chemical -and O -cell O -growth O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -growth O -inhibition O -is O -caused O -by O -a O -small O -molecule O -, O -unstable O -to O -pH O -2 O -treatment O -with O -HCl O -, O -but O -stable O -to O -trichloro B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -TCA O -) O -and O -to O -proteolytic O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Myocardial O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -uptake O -after O -coronary O -occlusion O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -peri O -- O -ischemic O -zones O -showed O -an O -elevated O -accumulation O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -on O -the O -4th O -day O -but O -the O -intact O -zone O -had O -returned O -to O -normal O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Noradrenaline O -accumulation O -in O -the O -myocardial O -tissue O -was O -higher O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -than O -at O -7 O -. O -4 O -or O -7 O -. O -1 O -Competition O -studies O -revealed O -that O -unlabelled O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -had O -occupied O -the O -binding O -sites O -in O -the O -same O -quantity O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -and O -at O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -carbachol B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -on O -the O -cyclic O -guanosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cyclic O -GMP O -) O -metabolism O -in O -intestinal O -smooth O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -- O -depleted O -muscle O -carbachol B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -cyclic O -GMP O -level O -while O -the O -effect O -on O -the O -cyclic O -AMP O -content O -of O -the O -muscle O -was O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparison O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -oxazepam B-Chemical -and O -oxypertine O -in O -treatment O -of O -anxious O -depressive O -neuroses O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -essential O -hypertension O -can O -be O -subdivided O -into O -groups O -with O -low O -( O -19 O -% O -) O -, O -normal O -( O -59 O -% O -) O -or O -high O -( O -23 O -% O -) O -renin O -sodium B-Chemical -index O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -essential O -action O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antihypertensive O -effect O -of O -intravenous O -( O -acute O -) O -and O -oral O -( O -long O -- O -term O -) O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -or O -pindolol B-Chemical -was O -evaluated O -in O -46 O -male O -patients O -with O -either O -borderline O -( O -group O -I O -; O -23 O -patients O -) O -or O -sustained O -( O -group O -II O -; O -23 O -patients O -) O -essential O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -low O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -values O -and O -only O -minimal O -fluctuations O -in O -renin O -were O -observed O -in O -patients O -of O -group O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -as O -well O -as O -long O -- O -term O -beta O -- O -blockade O -consistently O -eliminated O -the O -day O -- O -night O -rhythm O -of O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -, O -but O -it O -did O -not O -change O -rhythm O -of O -plasma O -concentration O -of O -aldosterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Renin O -and O -aldosterone B-Chemical -secretion O -in O -pheochromocytoma O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -those O -three O -patients O -with O -concomitant O -distinct O -hypersecretion O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -renin O -release O -( O -and O -aldosterone B-Chemical -secretion O -except O -in O -one O -patient O -) O -was O -markedly O -enhanced O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -exception O -of O -one O -patient O -, O -increased O -renin O -and O -aldosterone B-Chemical -secretion O -was O -abolished O -. O - -aps B-category -Even O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -excess O -catecholamine B-Chemical -secretion O -, O -there O -is O -evidence O -that O -renin O -secretion O -is O -predominantly O -mediated O -by O -beta O -receptors O -rather O -than O -by O -renal O -vascular O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Experience O -with O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -betareceptor O -blocker O -, O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pindolol B-Chemical -treatment O -caused O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -the O -systemic O -systolic O -and O -diastolic O -blood O -pressure O -, O -both O -at O -rest O -and O -during O -work O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -demonstrate O -that O -a O -rapid O -decrease O -in O -blood O -pressure O -can O -be O -obtained O -in O -patients O -with O -essential O -hypertension O -treated O -with O -acebutolol O -and O -that O -the O -decrease O -in O -blood O -pressure O -is O -related O -to O -the O -initial O -state O -of O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -17 O -patients O -with O -low O -renin O -hypertension O -( O -group O -1 O -) O -, O -a O -volume O -- O -depleting O -drug O -was O -added O -( O -spironolactone B-Chemical -, O -14 O -patients O -; O -thiazides O -, O -3 O -patients O -) O -and O -this O -achieved O -a O -marked O -fall O -in O -blood O -pressure O -levels O -of O -38 O -/ O -16 O -mm O -Hg O -supine O -and O -37 O -/ O -19 O -mm O -Hg O -standing O -( O -both O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -2 O -) O -Propranolol B-Chemical -given O -in O -the O -same O -doses O -is O -almost O -without O -antihypertensive O -effect O -in O -patients O -with O -low O -renin O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -administration O -of O -exogenous O -mineralocorticoid O -hormones O -was O -discontinued O -in O -adrenalectomized O -dogs O -maintained O -on O -glucocorticoid O -, O -net O -acid O -excretion O -decreased O -due O -largely O -to O -a O -reduction O -in O -urinary O -ammonium B-Chemical -excretion O -( O -UNH4 O -+ O -V O -) O -, O -and O -hyperchloremic O -hyperkalemic O -metabolic O -acidosis O -occurred O -and O -persisted O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -distal O -delivery O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -was O -increased O -by O -infusion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -titratable O -acid O -excretion O -increased O -in O -both O -groups O -but O -pateaued O -at O -lower O -rates O -in O -the O -mineralocorticoid O -- O -deficient O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -derived O -from O -the O -spectrum O -of O -its O -pharmacologic O -activity O -, O -the O -influence O -of O -specific O -competitive O -antagonists O -on O -the O -smooth O -muscle O -responses O -to O -the O -factor O -, O -the O -influence O -of O -proteolytic O -enzymes O -and O -its O -elution O -position O -during O -molecular O -sieve O -filtration O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -10 O -made O -it O -unlikely O -that O -the O -factor O -was O -a O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -, O -renin O -, O -angiotensin B-Chemical -, O -a O -catecholamine B-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -bradykinin B-Chemical -, O -a O -nucleotide B-Chemical -, O -a O -small O -organic O -product O -of O -local O -metabolism O -, O -or O -a O -small O -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -desensitization O -( O -tachyphylaxis O -) O -of O -the O -guinea O -pig O -ileum O -to O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -with O -indomethacin B-Chemical -or O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -did O -not O -affect O -the O -onset O -of O -tachyphylaxis O -or O -recovery O -from O -the O -tachyphylactic O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -tachyphylaxis O -results O -from O -the O -tight O -binding O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -to O -superficial O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -sites O -in O -the O -smooth O -muscle O -cell O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -on O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -: O -evidence O -of O -electrogenic O -pump O -theory O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -slope O -of O -the O -regression O -lines O -, O -the O -resistance O -of O -the O -electrogenic O -Cl O -- O -pump O -on O -the O -mucosal O -membrane O -( O -Rcl O -) O -was O -calculated O -to O -be O -127 O -omega O -cm2 O -and O -the O -resistance O -of O -the O -chloride B-Chemical -pathway O -on O -the O -serosal O -side O -( O -Rcl O -) O -was O -407 O -omega O -cm2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Insulin O -release O -produced O -in O -vivo O -by O -a O -glucose B-Chemical -load O -was O -much O -higher O -in O -VMH O -- O -lesioned O -than O -in O -control O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Lipogenesis O -, O -newly O -synthesized O -triglyceride B-Chemical -secretion O -, O -and O -the O -activity O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -were O -greatest O -in O -livers O -from O -VMH O -- O -lesioned O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -show O -that O -under O -in O -vitro O -, O -hypoxic O -conditions O -: O -1 O -) O -an O -increase O -in O -glycolysis O -in O -TSM O -is O -indicated O -by O -the O -increased O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -, O -2 O -) O -there O -is O -a O -surprising O -, O -concomitant O -rise O -in O -pHi O -rather O -than O -a O -decrease O -as O -previously O -expected O -, O -and O -3 O -) O -it O -is O -mechanical O -activity O -of O -the O -muscle O -which O -leads O -to O -this O -paradoxical O -result O -, O -inasmuch O -as O -pHi O -is O -unaltered O -in O -the O -resting O -hypoxic O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -studied O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -concentration O -- O -therapeutic O -response O -curves O -for O -butaperazine O -( O -BPZ O -) O -, O -a O -piperazine B-Chemical -phenothiazine O -, O -in O -10 O -schizophrenic O -patients O -during O -the O -first O -12 O -days O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -run O -- O -training O -and O -run O -- O -stress O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -assimilation O -and O -insulin O -release O -in O -rats O -of O -different O -age O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -glucose B-Chemical -application O -. O - -aps B-category -glucose B-Chemical -than O -older O -ones O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -. O -run O -- O -training O -improves O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -and O -saves O -insulin O -at O -the O -same O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -. O -run O -- O -stress O -after O -run O -- O -training O -has O -a O -different O -effect O -on O -adult O -and O -old O -rats O -: O -In O -adult O -rats O -there O -is O -nearly O -no O -effect O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -assimilation O -and O -insulin O -release O -in O -comparison O -to O -control O -animals O -, O -while O -old O -rats O -show O -a O -significant O -deterioration O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -assimilation O -in O -comparison O -to O -control O -rats O -of O -the O -same O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -Decreased O -values O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -and O -a O -poor O -response O -to O -gonadotrophins O -demonstrate O -a O -diminished O -synthesizing O -capacity O -of O -the O -testes O -in O -old O -men O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -basal O -conditions O -estrone O -as O -well O -as O -estradiol B-Chemical -plasma O -concentrations O -increase O -significantly O -with O -age O -because O -of O -increased O -conversion O -from O -androgens B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Decreased O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -which O -is O -more O -strongly O -bound O -to O -SHBG O -and O -increased O -estrone O -and O -estradiol B-Chemical -plasma O -values O -result O -in O -an O -androgen B-Chemical -/ O -estrogen B-Chemical -imbalance O -in O -old O -men O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -85 O -patients O -between O -15 O -and O -95 O -years O -of O -age O -( O -40 O -male O -patients O -and O -45 O -females O -) O -without O -any O -signs O -of O -renal O -disease O -( O -concentration O -of O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -below O -1 O -, O -4 O -mg O -/ O -100ml O -, O -normal O -diastolic O -blood O -pressure O -and O -normal O -urine O -analysis O -) O -a O -highly O -significant O -negative O -correlation O -was O -found O -between O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -( O -GFR O -, O -determined O -by O -51Cr O -- O -EDTA O -- O -slope O -- O -clearance O -) O -and O -renal O -plasma O -flow O -( O -RPF O -, O -determined O -by O -131J O -- O -oJHS O -- O -iodinehippuricacid O -- O -totalclearance O -) O -on O -one O -side O -and O -age O -on O -the O -other O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -selective O -vulnerability O -offers O -a O -lead B-Chemical -into O -the O -elucidation O -of O -amyloid O -deposition O -in O -Alzheimer O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -work O -reports O -on O -kinetic O -and O -morphological O -studies O -of O -one O -hundred O -female O -albino O -rats O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -galactosamine B-Chemical -and O -galactosamine B-Chemical -and O -prednisolone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -thirty O -months O -old O -rats O -the O -protection O -against O -morphological O -and O -biochemical O -disturbances O -was O -only O -demonstrable O -for O -the O -first O -twelve O -hours O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -galactosamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -increasing O -age O -total O -thyroxine B-Chemical -level O -in O -serum O -does O -not O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -Examples O -are O -given O -showing O -changes O -following O -peroral O -treatment O -with O -inositol B-Chemical -niacinate O -and O -intra O -- O -arterial O -injection O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -work O -reports O -on O -incorporation O -of O -14 O -- O -Cglycine O -in O -the O -proteins O -of O -three O -liver O -fractions O -after O -the O -application O -of O -D O -- O -Galactosamine O -and O -D O -- O -Galactosamine O -+ O -Prednisolone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -also O -a O -different O -age O -depending O -effect O -of O -prednisolone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Much O -more O -important O -are O -very O -personal O -experiences O -which O -very O -often O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -reorientation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -comparison O -of O -turnover O -rates O -of O -different O -histones O -from O -liver O -and O -spleen O -, O -measured O -by O -the O -level O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -incorporation O -and O -subsequent O -decay O -of O -its O -specific O -activity O -with O -time O -, O -showed O -that O -while O -the O -activity O -and O -turnover O -or O -arginine O -- O -rich O -histones O -F3 O -and O -F2a2 O -was O -reduced O -in O -old O -liver O -, O -ageing O -was O -associated O -with O -increased O -turnover O -of O -F1 O -histone O -. O - -aps B-category -18 O -free O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -have O -been O -valuated O -in O -a O -group O -of O -patients O -recovering O -from O -myocardial O -infarction O -dating O -more O -than O -one O -year O -back O -and O -in O -another O -group O -of O -healthy O -active O -athlets O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -in O -the O -group O -of O -the O -healthy O -persons O -the O -following O -amino B-Chemical -- O -acids O -proved O -to O -have O -significantly O -higher O -values O -: O -alpha O -- O -- O -aminobutter O -- O -acid O -, O -glycine B-Chemical -and O -cystine O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -group O -of O -the O -patients O -correlations O -of O -the O -free O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -to O -both O -serumlipids O -and O -blood O -- O -- O -glucose B-Chemical -could O -be O -calculated O -with O -significant O -results O -in O -a O -certain O -number O -of O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rapid O -assay O -for O -catechol B-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -lactase O -using O -2 O -- O -nitro O -- O -5 O -- O -thiobenzoic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Baroreflex O -control O -of O -heart O -rate O -was O -determined O -during O -three O -awake O -control O -situations O -and O -during O -two O -depths O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -anesthesia O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -halothane B-Chemical -anesthesia O -produces O -depression O -of O -baroreflex O -control O -of O -heart O -rate O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Pharmacology O -of O -sympathomimetic O -amines B-Chemical -used O -in O -resuscitation O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -neuroleptic B-Chemical -effects O -following O -the O -intensity O -of O -reactions O -to O -stimulation O -in O -patients O -undergoing O -microsurgery O -of O -the O -ear O -, O -comparing O -in O -particular O -the O -quantities O -of O -analgesic O -necessary O -and O -used O -during O -general O -anesthetic O -to O -ensure O -both O -clinically O -visible O -protection O -and O -, O -above O -all O -, O -suppression O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -stimulation O -at O -the O -level O -of O -recordings O -of O -arterial O -and O -venous O -pressures O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Controlled O -arterial O -hypotension O -produced O -by O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -combined O -with O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -association O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -in O -particulier O -promazines O -, O -permits O -an O -appreciable O -economy O -in O -dosage O -, O -stabilises O -the O -curves O -of O -hypotension O -, O -with O -the O -disadvantage O -of O -blocking O -normalisation O -of O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -show O -that O -the O -association O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -has O -here O -also O -an O -effect O -of O -economy O -of O -dosage O -and O -facilitates O -the O -rise O -in O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -work O -carried O -out O -over O -a O -period O -of O -two O -years O -in O -the O -department O -of O -anesthetics O -and O -intensive O -care O -of O -the O -Saint O -- O -Etienne O -University O -Hospital O -, O -the O -authors O -report O -their O -experience O -of O -neuroleptanalgesia O -using O -droperidol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dextromoramide I-Chemical -in O -children O -in O -104 O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Current O -place O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -cardiac O -surgery O -under O -extracorporeal O -circulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -other O -components O -were O -: O -- O -in O -the O -case O -of O -the O -narcotic O -, O -penthiobarbital O -, O -then O -more O -recently O -Alfatesine O -; O -- O -in O -the O -case O -of O -the O -analgesic O -, O -either O -dextromoramide O -or O -phenoperidine O -or O -Fentanyl B-Chemical -; O -in O -the O -case O -of O -the O -curare O -derivative O -, O -D O -, O -tubocurarine O -, O -and O -above O -all O -, O -pancuronium B-Chemical -dibromide O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -in O -a O -recent O -study O -, O -we O -attempted O -to O -determine O -the O -hemodynamic O -effect O -of O -droperidol B-Chemical -and O -its O -association O -on O -various O -analgesic O -drugs O -measuring O -in O -a O -few O -patients O -the O -cardiac O -output O -, O -the O -peripheral O -resistances O -the O -the O -circulating O -blood O -volume O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interest O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -neurosurgery O -should O -be O -examined O -in O -the O -light O -of O -physiopathological O -and O -pharmacological O -data O -concerning O -cerebral O -circulatory O -autoregulation O -and O -intracranial O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Treating O -four O -comatose O -children O -with O -severe O -injuries O -of O -the O -brain O -stem O -, O -suffering O -from O -severe O -autonomic O -disorders O -without O -any O -indications O -for O -neurosurgery O -, O -we O -were O -led O -to O -increase O -gradually O -the O -doses O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -used O -as O -basis O -of O -treatment O -, O -the O -main O -one O -being O -Droperidol O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Neuroleptics B-Chemical -and O -continuous O -measurement O -of O -intracranial O -pressure O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -in O -this O -background O -that O -we O -attempted O -to O -analyse O -the O -effect O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -on O -the O -ICP O -, O -without O -attempting O -to O -explain O -their O -mechanism O -of O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -in O -the O -case O -of O -raised O -intracranial O -pressure O -due O -to O -contusion O -with O -cerebral O -oedema O -, O -for O -example O -, O -the O -administration O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -seems O -to O -provide O -a O -very O -slight O -reduction O -in O -this O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -That O -of O -the O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -and O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -has O -been O -less O -well O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -substances O -seem O -to O -be O -definitely O -neutral O -on O -intracranial O -pressure O -, O -more O -so O -in O -the O -case O -of O -the O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -than O -for O -the O -promazines O -, O -the O -vasomotor O -action O -of O -which O -was O -perceptible O -when O -seen O -closely O -. O - -aps B-category -Salicylate B-Chemical -pulmonary O -edema O -: O -the O -mechanism O -in O -sheep O -and O -review O -of O -the O -clinical O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -infused O -an O -aspirin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -buffer I-Chemical -solution O -intravenously O -at O -rates O -up O -to O -1 O -, O -200 O -mg O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -per O -hour O -and O -compared O -effects O -on O -lung O -lymph O -flow O -and O -lymph O -protein O -concentration O -to O -those O -seen O -after O -mechanical O -elevation O -of O -pulmonary O -vascular O -pressures O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -lymph O -protein O -concentrations O -were O -higher O -for O -a O -given O -lymph O -flow O -with O -aspirin B-Chemical -than O -during O -mechanical O -pressure O -elevation O -, O -lymph O -protein O -( O -lymph O -flow O -X O -lymph O -to O -plasma O -protein O -concentration O -) O -increased O -much O -more O -with O -aspirin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Aspirin B-Chemical -caused O -arterial O -PO2 O -to O -decrease O -from O -83 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -SE O -mm O -Hg O -to O -74 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -mm O -Hg O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -and O -caused O -postmortem O -extravascular O -lung O -water O -to O -increase O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -adrenalectomy O -in O -the O -dog O -on O -blood O -gas O -tensions O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -content O -. O - -aps B-category -Additionally O -, O -erythrocyte O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -( O -DPG O -) O -values O -were O -measured O -, O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -( O -mm O -of O -Hg O -) O -when O -hemoglobin O -is O -half O -- O -saturated O -with O -oxygen B-Chemical -( O -P50 O -) O -values O -were O -calculated O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -change O -was O -reflected O -in O -a O -significantly O -decreased O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -venous O -oxygen B-Chemical -content O -and O -a O -significant O -increase O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -of O -the O -arterial O -- O -venous O -oxygen B-Chemical -content O -difference O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -experimental O -evidence O -indicates O -that O -nutritional O -factors O -strongly O -influence O -the O -regulation O -of O -two O -of O -these O -neurotransmitters O -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -review O -the O -scientific O -basis O -for O -such O -treatment O -and O -show O -that O -brain O -levels O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -depend O -upon O -the O -amounts O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -and O -choline B-Chemical -available O -to O -the O -brain O -; O -these O -, O -in O -turn O -, O -fluctuate O -according O -to O -dietary O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -Molecular O -biology O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -actions O -and O -interactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Thiopentone B-Chemical -and O -Althesin B-Chemical -were O -compared O -in O -50 O -patients O -undergoing O -general O -anaesthesia O -for O -Caesarean O -section O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -only O -significant O -differences O -were O -the O -lower O -umbilical O -venous O -and O -arterial O -pO2 O -values O -in O -the O -Althesin B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -incubation O -temperature O -, O -pH O -and O -medium O -composition O -on O -the O -size O -of O -the O -growth O -inhibitions O -zones O -, O -clearance O -of O -their O -borders O -and O -slope O -of O -the O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -in O -determin O -ation O -of O -the O -biological O -activity O -of O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -by O -the O -agar O -- O -diffusion O -method O -using O -Candida O -scotti O -, O -Tul O -- O -1 O -as O -the O -test O -- O -microbe O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -sites O -in O -rat O -myocardial O -sarcolemma O -. O - -aps B-category -Distribution O -and O -some O -properties O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -NADH O -oxidase O -in O -parenchymal O -and O -nonparenchymal O -liver O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -substitution O -on O -substrate O -utilization O -leads O -to O -the O -assumption O -that O -there O -is O -no O -specific O -reactive O -site O -for O -m B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenols I-Chemical -in O -either O -laccase O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -studies O -of O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -in O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stability O -, O -pH O -- O -dependence O -and O -kinetic O -properties O -of O -the O -Mn2 O -+ O -and O -FDP O -- O -activated O -NAD O -- O -dependent O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -from O -Lactobacillus O -casei O -ssp O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -doses O -of O -propoxyphene O -napsylate O -used O -to O -treat O -heroin B-Chemical -addicts O -produce O -a O -degree O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -activity O -equal O -to O -that O -produced O -by O -20 O -to O -25 O -mg O -/ O -day O -of O -subcutaneously O -given O -morphine B-Chemical -or O -10 O -mg O -/ O -day O -orally O -given O -methadone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Antidepressants O -and O -the O -muscarinic O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Amitriptyline O -hydrochloride O -is O -about O -ten O -times O -as O -potent O -as O -imipramine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -Preincubation O -in O -a O -solution O -of O -formaldehyde O -, O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -followed O -by O -routine O -myofibrillar O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -( O -ATPase O -) O -incubation O -clearly O -differentiates O -type O -I O -, O -type O -IIA O -, O -and O -IIB O -fibers O -in O -human O -, O -rat O -, O -rabbit O -, O -and O -porcine O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -spectrum O -of O -the O -chromophore O -of O -desulfoviridin O -way O -also O -affected O -by O -Na2S2O4 O -with O -the O -peak O -at O -587 O -nm O -shifting O -to O -597 O -nm O -; O -this O -effect O -was O -completely O -reversed O -by O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Conditions O -for O -the O -attachment O -of O -various O -ligand O -molecules O -to O -sepharose O -using O -a O -divinylsulphone O -activation O -method O -are O -defined O -, O -and O -a O -comparison O -with O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -activating O -and O -coupling O -techniques O -is O -drawn O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -methods O -used O -included O -chromatography O -, O -sedimentation O -, O -viscosity O -, O -optical O -rotation O -, O -and O -spin O -labelling O -; O -the O -solvents O -used O -were O -aqueous O -urea B-Chemical -, O -and O -, O -for O -some O -experiments O -, O -aqueous O -formamide O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -differences O -between O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -of O -Drosophila O -melanogaster O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -the O -beta O -- O -blockers O -have O -a O -potent O -suppressive O -action O -on O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -system O -- O -- O -and O -, O -as O -a O -consequence O -, O -on O -angiotensin B-Chemical -vasoconstriction O -, O -aldosterone B-Chemical -volume O -expansion O -and O -central O -stimulatory O -feedback O -mechanisms O -- O -- O -their O -antihypertensive O -mode O -of O -action O -may O -be O -linked O -to O -an O -important O -extent O -, O -though O -not O -exclusively O -, O -to O -renin O -suppression O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -by O -respective O -studies O -with O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -synergistic O -antihypertensive O -effect O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -with O -hydrallazine O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -possibly O -exists O -with O -other O -combinations O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -interaction O -involves O -simultaneous O -vasodilation O -and O -inhibition O -by O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -of O -reflex O -activation O -of O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -axis O -. O - -aps B-category -Labetalol B-Chemical -( O -AH5158 O -) O -, O -a O -competitive O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blocking O -drug O -, O -in O -the O -management O -of O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -and O -correlated O -falls O -in O -plasma O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -and O -aldosterone B-Chemical -were O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -labetalol B-Chemical -provided O -good O -control O -of O -blood O -pressure O -and O -other O -features O -in O -two O -patients O -with O -phaeochromocytoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Spin O -- O -labeling O -studies O -of O -beef O -- O -liver O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Presence O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -ester O -synthetase O -activity O -in O -guinea O -pig O -gallbladder O -epithelium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -vinyl O -chloride B-Chemical -with O -rat O -hepatic O -microsomal O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -properties O -are O -decreased O -by O -cAMP B-Chemical -, O -theophylline B-Chemical -, O -cysteine B-Chemical -, O -heparin B-Chemical -and O -increased O -by O -ADP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antagonistic O -action O -between O -the O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -PGE2 B-Chemical -, O -PGA1 O -and O -PGF1 O -- O -alpha O -, O -on O -the O -one O -hand O -, O -and O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -NADP O -or O -TPN O -) O -and O -beta O -- O -nicotinamide O -- O -adenine O -- O -dinucleotide O -( O -beta O -- O -NAD O -or O -DPN O -) O -on O -the O -other O -, O -were O -experimentally O -studied O -on O -rabbit O -isolated O -jejunum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diuretic B-Chemical -and O -saluretic O -effect O -of O -furosemide B-Chemical -xantinol O -administered O -alone O -and O -mixed O -with O -different O -amounts O -of O -2 O -, O -4 O -, O -7 O -- O -triamino O -- O -6 O -- O -phenylpteridine O -( O -triamterene B-Chemical -) O -have O -been O -investigated O -in O -rat O -and O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -necessary O -to O -reduce O -the O -amount O -of O -triamterene B-Chemical -present O -in O -the O -mixture O -to O -approximately O -half O -that O -of O -the O -one O -theoretically O -required O -according O -to O -considerations O -of O -the O -recommended O -therapeutic O -doses O -of O -the O -two O -diuretics O -before O -significant O -inhibition O -was O -avoided O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -effect O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -stimulants O -on O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -reaction O -in O -human O -skin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -wheal O -and O -erythema O -reaction O -caused O -by O -intracutaneous O -application O -of O -5 O -mug O -histamine B-Chemical -can O -be O -inhibited O -by O -applying O -fenoterol O -in O -doses O -from O -100 O -- O -- O -400 O -mug O -in O -form O -of O -a O -metered O -aerosol O -on O -the O -skin O -5 O -min O -before O -the O -injection O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Carpipramine O -was O -very O -well O -tolerated O -and O -can O -be O -classified O -as O -a O -non O -- O -sedative O -antidepressant B-Chemical -with O -an O -antipsychotic O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -studies O -were O -undertaken O -to O -determine O -whether O -isoflurance O -inhalation O -is O -associated O -with O -a O -degree O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -action O -that O -is O -potentially O -important O -in O -clinical O -situations O -, O -and O -to O -compare O -the O -circulatory O -tolerance O -to O -isoflurane B-Chemical -and O -halothane B-Chemical -in O -dogs O -following O -beta O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -six O -dogs O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -0 O -. O -5mg O -/ O -kg O -caused O -no O -significant O -changes O -in O -the O -circulatory O -response O -to O -1 O -MAC O -and O -2 O -MAC O -isoflurane B-Chemical -or O -1 O -MAC O -halothane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -( O -a O -) O -isoflurane B-Chemical -possesses O -no O -clinically O -important O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -stimulating O -activity O -; O -( O -b O -) O -there O -is O -no O -adverse O -drug O -interaction O -upon O -the O -circulation O -with O -the O -combination O -of O -isoflurane B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -; O -( O -c O -) O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -moderated O -profound O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -, O -2 O -MAC O -isoflurane B-Chemical -may O -be O -tolerated O -better O -than O -2 O -MAC O -halothane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -postcards O -were O -shown O -to O -groups O -of O -ten O -to O -twenty O -patients O -over O -60 O -, O -90 O -or O -270 O -min O -after O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -saline O -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -10 O -and O -20 O -mg O -) O -, O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -( O -1 O -and O -2 O -mg O -) O -and O -lorazepam B-Chemical -( O -4 O -mg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -onset O -of O -amnesia O -was O -slower O -with O -lorazepam B-Chemical -( O -4 O -mg O -) O -but O -appeared O -to O -last O -for O -up O -to O -four O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -concentrations O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Nordiazepam O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -an O -important O -metabolite O -of O -both O -medazepam O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -: O -the O -ratio O -of O -medazepam O -to O -noradiazepam O -was O -0 O -. O -14 O -and O -the O -ratio O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -to O -nordiazepam O -following O -diazepam B-Chemical -administration O -was O -0 O -. O -72 O -. O - -aps B-category -Residual O -effects O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -clorazepate O -, O -a O -precursor O -of O -nordiazepam O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -dependent O -protein O -activator O -of O -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -cyclic I-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -is O -shown O -to O -undergo O -a O -conformational O -transition O -upon O -binding O -of O -2 O -mol O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -/ O -mol O -of O -activator O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -and O -rapid O -purification O -procedure O -which O -yields O -large O -amounts O -( O -25 O -- O -30 O -% O -yields O -) O -of O -homogenous O -protein O -activator O -and O -a O -direct O -and O -sensitive O -assay O -procedure O -for O -cAMP B-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -and O -its O -activator O -are O -also O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -variations O -in O -deltapH O -correlate O -with O -changes O -in O -the O -oxidation O -of O -reduced O -phenazine O -methosulfate O -or O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -, O -both O -of O -which O -vary O -with O -external O -pH O -in O -a O -manner O -similar O -to O -that O -described O -for O -deltapH O -. O - -aps B-category -Titration O -studies O -with O -valinomycin O -and O -nigericin O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -conclusion O -that O -, O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -, O -there O -are O -two O -general O -classes O -of O -transport O -systems O -: O -those O -that O -are O -driven O -primarily O -by O -delta O -- O -muH O -+ O -( O -lactose O -, O -proline O -, O -serine O -, O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -leucine B-Chemical -, O -lysine O -, O -cysteine B-Chemical -, O -and O -succinate O -) O -and O -those O -that O -are O -driven O -primarily O -by O -deltapH O -( O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -, O -glucuronate O -, O -and O -gluconate O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -a O -single B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -amide O -carbonyl O -resonance O -with O -an O -unusual O -chemical O -shift O -( O -peak O -chi O -) O -is O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pKa O -values O -of O -the O -two O -tyrosines O -are O -different O -from O -each O -other O -and O -higher O -than O -typical O -values O -of O -" O -solvent O -- O -exposed O -" O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -ii O -) O -The O -two O -nontitrating O -histidine O -residues O -are O -probably O -copper B-Chemical -ligands O -, O -with O -Ndelta1 O -coordinated O -to O -the O -metal O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -iv O -) O -The O -gamma O -carbons O -of O -Trp O -- O -48 O -, O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -with O -the O -lower O -pKa O -, O -the O -titrating O -histidine O -with O -slow O -exchange O -behavior O -, O -and O -three O -or O -four O -of O -the O -six O -phenylalanine O -residues O -are O -sufficiently O -close O -to O -the O -copper B-Chemical -to O -undergo O -significant O -paramagnetic O -broadening O -in O -the O -spectrum O -of O -oxidized O -azurin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -activity O -within O -isolated O -chromaffin O -granules O -can O -be O -estimated O -from O -the O -distribution O -of O -the O -weak O -base O -methylamine O -and O -from O -phosphorus B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -31 I-Chemical -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -spectra O -of O -ATP O -contained O -in O -the O -granules O -. O - -aps B-category -Proton O -magnetic O -resonance O -studies O -of O -the O -acid O -- O -base O -chemistry O -of O -the O -glycyl O -ammonium B-Chemical -, O -histidyl O -imidazolium O -, O -and O -lysyl O -ammonium B-Chemical -groups O -of O -glycyl O -- O -L O -- O -histidyl O -- O -L O -- O -lysine O -and O -of O -the O -glycyl O -ammonium B-Chemical -and O -histidyl O -imidazolium O -groups O -of O -glycyl O -- O -L O -- O -histidine O -and O -glycyl O -- O -L O -- O -histidylglycine O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lysyl O -ammonium B-Chemical -group O -of O -Gly O -- O -His O -- O -Lys O -is O -much O -less O -acidic O -and O -is O -titrated O -over O -a O -higher O -pH O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -the O -reaction O -as O -a O -function O -of O -duration O -, O -temperature O -, O -and O -pH O -of O -the O -incubation O -as O -well O -as O -concentration O -of O -iodoacetate O -has O -revealed O -that O -two O -nonessential O -groups O -of O -the O -enzyme O -react O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -that O -this O -modified O -enzyme O -is O -relatively O -resistant O -to O -further O -carboxymethylation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -method O -permits O -labeling O -of O -the O -active O -site O -for O -glutamine B-Chemical -without O -the O -use O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -analogues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -solvent O -polarity O -dependence O -of O -the O -interaction O -between O -thiamin O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -was O -studied O -by O -spectrophotometric O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -thiamin O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -could O -also O -be O -detected O -by O -fluorescence O -- O -quenching O -studies O -( O -excitation O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -at O -287 O -nm O -, O -maximum O -emission O -at O -348 O -nm O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -thiazolium O -model O -was O -shown O -to O -interact O -with O -tryptophan B-Chemical -by O -UV O -but O -was O -an O -inefficient O -quencher O -of O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -fluorescence O -. O - -aps B-category -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -P O -- O -450 O -reductase O -from O -rat O -liver O -: O -purification O -by O -affinity O -chromatography O -and O -characterization O -. O - -aps B-category -Aerobic O -titration O -of O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -reductase O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -indicates O -that O -an O -air O -- O -stable O -reduced O -form O -of O -the O -enzyme O -is O -generated O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -mol O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -per O -mole O -of O -flavin O -, O -as O -judged O -by O -spectral O -characteristics O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -Km O -value O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -of O -5 O -micron O -was O -observed O -when O -either O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -or O -cytochrome O -c O -was O -employed O -as O -electron O -acceptor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -carbon B-Chemical -isotope O -effect O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -Ni2 O -+ O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -is O -k12 O -/ O -k13 O -= O -1 O -. O -0051 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -0012 O -and O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -isotope O -effects O -are O -VmaxH O -/ O -VmaxD O -= O -0 O -. O -98 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -07 O -and O -( O -Vmax O -/ O -Km O -) O -H O -/ O -( O -Vmax O -/ O -Km O -) O -D O -= O -1 O -. O -11 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -14 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -transition O -from O -deoxy O -to O -oxystructure O -of O -hemoglobin O -A O -( O -Hb O -) O -is O -accompanied O -by O -the O -breaking O -of O -the O -salt B-Chemical -bridges O -formed O -by O -C O -- O -terminal O -residues O -in O -deoxy O -- O -Hb O -. O - -aps B-category -Membrane O -preparations O -from O -Gaffkya O -homari O -catalyzed O -the O -in O -vitro O -biosynthesis O -of O -soluble O -uncross O -- O -linked O -spin O -- O -labeled O -peptidoglycan O -, O -a O -uniformly O -labeled O -polynitroxide O -, O -from O -the O -spin O -- O -labeled O -nucleotide B-Chemical -UDP O -- O -MurNAc O -- O -Ala O -- O -DGlu O -- O -Lys O -( O -Nepsilon O -- O -2 O -, O -2 O -, O -5 O -, O -5 O -- O -tetramethyl O -- O -1 O -- O -pyrrolin O -- O -1 O -- O -oxyl O -- O -3 O -- O -carbonyl O -) O -- O -DAla O -- O -DAla O -( O -I O -) O -and O -UDP O -- O -GlcNAc O -. O - -aps B-category -Degradati O -on O -of O -spin O -- O -labeled O -peptidoglycan O -by O -lysozyme O -eliminated O -the O -observed O -spin O -- O -spin O -exchange O -and O -yielded O -products O -with O -a O -mobility O -similar O -to O -I O -. O -Complexation O -of O -spin O -- O -labeled O -peptidoglycan O -with O -vancomycin B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -both O -pronounced O -free O -- O -radical O -immobilization O -and O -a O -decrease O -in O -spin O -- O -spin O -exchange O -. O - -aps B-category -Rabbit O -muscle O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -is O -irreversibly O -inactivated O -upon O -incubation O -with O -the O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -analogue O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -p O -- O -fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adenosine B-Chemical -moiety O -is O -essential O -for O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -5 O -' O -- O -p O -- O -fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine O -, O -since O -p O -- O -fluorosulfonylbenzoic O -acid O -does O -not O -inactivate O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -at O -a O -significant O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -addition O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -Mg O -- O -ATP O -, O -or O -ADP O -and O -ATP O -alone O -has O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -rate O -of O -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -inactivation O -increases O -with O -increasing O -pH O -, O -and O -k1 O -depends O -on O -the O -unprotonated O -form O -of O -an O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residue O -with O -pK O -= O -8 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -chemical O -modification O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -elongation O -factor O -G O -: O -butanedione O -modification O -of O -an O -arginine O -essential O -for O -nucleotide B-Chemical -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -elongation O -factor O -G O -contains O -only O -one O -essential O -arginine O -residue O -which O -is O -reactive O -with O -butanedione O -and O -that O -this O -residue O -is O -located O -at O -its O -nucleotide B-Chemical -binding O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -trapped O -within O -sonicated O -and O -resealed O -bovine O -rod O -outer O -segment O -disks O -is O -released O -upon O -light O -exposure O -with O -a O -stoichiometry O -of O -0 O -. O -75 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -05 O -calcium B-Chemical -for O -each O -rhodopsin O -bleached O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -external O -calcium B-Chemical -is O -washed O -away O -and O -subsequent O -calcium B-Chemical -release O -is O -monitored O -by O -collecting O -fractions O -of O -the O -effluent O -before O -, O -during O -, O -and O -after O -light O -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -light O -- O -activated O -calcium B-Chemical -release O -is O -also O -eliminated O -if O -disks O -sonicated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -45Ca O -are O -treated O -with O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -ionophore O -prior O -to O -bleaching O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -resluts O -suggest O -a O -model O -for O -the O -disk O -in O -which O -each O -bleached O -rhodopsin O -functions O -as O -a O -" O -one O -- O -shot O -carrier O -" O -to O -transport O -a O -single O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -across O -the O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -found O -that O -methionine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -enkephalin I-Chemical -has O -at O -least O -two O -different O -conformations O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -, O -one O -at O -low O -and O -one O -at O -high O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -was O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -divalent O -cations O -and O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Bound O -iodine B-Chemical -is O -released O -from O -radioiodinated O -nucleotides O -in O -polymers O -exposed O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -bisulfite O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -release O -of O -iodine B-Chemical -from O -iodocytidine O -in O -polycytidylate O -is O -greater O -than O -the O -rate O -of O -elimination O -from O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -release O -of O -iodine B-Chemical -from O -double O -stranded O -RNA O -and O -DNA O -- O -RNA O -duplexes O -was O -retarded O -in O -comparison O -with O -the O -release O -from O -ribosomal O -and O -messenger O -RNA O -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -Acridine O -orange O -and O -ethidium O -bromide B-Chemical -increased O -loss O -of O -iodine B-Chemical -from O -ribosomal O -RNA O -but O -slightly O -decreased O -elimination O -from O -double O -stranded O -viral O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -( O -ATP O -: O -pyruvate B-Chemical -2 O -- O -O O -- O -phosphotransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -1 O -. O -40 O -) O -from O -Streptococcus O -lactis O -C10 O -had O -an O -obligatory O -requirement O -for O -both O -a O -monovalent O -cation O -and O -divalent O -cation O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -soluble O -forms O -of O -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -cyclic I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -( O -o O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -cyclic I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -nucleotidohydrolase O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -17 O -) O -were O -found O -in O -the O -larval O -fat O -body O -of O -the O -silkmoth O -Hyalophora O -cecropia O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -nucleotides O -and O -methylxanthines B-Chemical -competitively O -inhibit O -both O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -of O -guinea O -- O -pig O -heart O -( O -Na O -+ O -+ O -K O -+ O -) O -- O -ATPase O -( O -ATP O -phosphohydrolase O -EC O -3 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -) O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -has O -been O -studied O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -, O -6 O -. O -8 O -and O -6 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -apparent O -affinity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -of O -Na O -+ O -, O -this O -effect O -occurred O -only O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -, O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -inhibitory O -threshold O -concentration O -and O -the O -concentration O -producing O -50 O -% O -inhibition O -were O -reduced O -when O -Na O -+ O -was O -low O -; O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -, O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -inhibition O -was O -not O -markedly O -modified O -by O -the O -change O -of O -Na O -+ O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -increase O -by O -acidity O -of O -the O -( O -Na2 O -+ O -+ O -K O -+ O -) O -- O -ATPase O -sensitivity O -to O -calcium B-Chemical -might O -be O -due O -to O -a O -suppression O -of O -a O -Na O -+ O -- O -Ca2 O -+ O -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Differentiation O -from O -other O -testicular O -nucleotide B-Chemical -cyclases O -. O - -aps B-category -Serine O -transacetylase O -is O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -stimulated O -by O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -was O -inhibited O -by O -cystathionine O -, O -homocysteine O -and O -methionine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cysteine O -, O -O O -- O -acetylserine O -, O -homocysteine O -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -strongly O -inhibit O -beta O -- O -cystathionase O -activity O -and O -homocysteine O -and O -methionine B-Chemical -represses O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Cysteinyl O -- O -tRNA O -synthetase O -catalysed O -L O -- O -selenocysteine O -- O -and O -alpha O -- O -aminobutyric O -acid O -- O -dependent O -ATP O -- O -PPi O -exchange O -and O -methionyl O -- O -tRNA O -synthetase O -catalysed O -L O -- O -homocysteine O -- O -, O -L O -- O -selenomethionine O -- O -and O -norleucine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -ATP O -- O -PPi O -exchange O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -reaction O -between O -cytochrome O -C O -peroxidase O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -is O -not O -diffusion O -limited O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycerol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -the O -insect O -Ceratitis O -capitata O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -values O -for O -dihydroxyacetone O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -NADH O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycerol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -NAD O -+ O -were O -respectively O -0 O -. O -33 O -, O -0 O -. O -018 O -, O -0 O -. O -74 O -and O -0 O -. O -26 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -Molecular O -weight O -determinations O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -gel O -electrophoresis O -gave O -subunit O -weights O -of O -33 O -500 O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -result O -agrees O -with O -previous O -studies O -which O -suggested O -that O -in O -trypanosomatids O -, O -the O -level O -of O -dTMP O -was O -regulated O -, O -at O -least O -in O -part O -, O -by O -a O -catabolic O -pathway O -consisting O -of O -a O -thymidylate O -phosphatase O -and O -a O -thymidine B-Chemical -phosphorylase O -which O -degraded O -the O -excess O -of O -dTMP O -to O -thymine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -n O -- O -dodecyl O -sulphate O -to O -trypsin O -and O -reduced O -trypsin O -has O -been O -measured O -by O -equilibrium O -dialysis O -at O -pH O -3 O -. O -5 O -and O -5 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Luminescence O -of O -phenylalamine O -residues O -in O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -from O -green O -pea O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -with O -blocked O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -groups O -do O -not O -react O -, O -except O -the O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -of O -lysine O -( O -slowly O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrophoresis O -of O -the O -hemocyanin O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -or O -urea B-Chemical -reveals O -two O -major O -electrophoretic O -species O -of O -either O -slightly O -different O -chemical O -composition O -or O -slightly O -different O -polypeptide O -chain O -length O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -an O -increase O -of O -n B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alcohol I-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -eluting O -buffer O -also O -induces O -an O -increase O -of O -the O -second O -protein O -peak O -eluting O -at O -higher O -ionic O -strength O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -in O -amidase O -activity O -upon O -dilution O -could O -not O -be O -ascribed O -to O -destruction O -by O -oxygen B-Chemical -or O -by O -inactivation O -or O -decay O -. O - -aps B-category -Cathepsin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -of O -mouse O -leukemia O -L1210 O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Biosynthesis O -of O -dimethyl O -selenide O -from O -sodium B-Chemical -selenite O -in O -rat O -liver O -and O -kidney O -cell O -- O -free O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Fractionation O -of O -Fraction O -A O -on O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -revealed O -that O -its O -ability O -to O -stimulate O -Fraction O -C O -was O -associated O -with O -two O -fractions O -, O -one O -containing O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -and O -the O -other O -a O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -disulfide O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -microsomal O -activity O -apparently O -results O -from O -a O -Se O -- O -methyltransferase O -, O -possibly O -a O -dithiol O -protein O -, O -that O -methylates O -hydrogen B-Chemical -selenide O -produced O -enzymically O -by O -the O -soluble O -fraction O -or O -non O -- O -enzymically O -when O -a O -sufficiently O -high O -concentration O -of O -GSH O -is O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -repeated O -injections O -of O -diaminopropane O -depressed O -by O -more O -than O -85 O -% O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -activity O -in O -rat O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -when O -the O -compound O -was O -given O -at O -the O -time O -of O -the O -operation O -( O -4 O -h O -before O -death O -) O -, O -or O -any O -time O -thereafter O -, O -it O -virtually O -abolished O -the O -enhancement O -in O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -activity O -in O -regenerating O -rat O -liver O -remnant O -. O - -aps B-category -Diaminopropane O -likewise O -inhibited O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -activity O -during O -later O -periods O -of O -liver O -regeneration O -. O - -aps B-category -Diaminopropane O -also O -exerted O -an O -acute O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -adenosylmethionine O -decarboxylase O -activity O -in O -28 O -- O -h O -regenerating O -liver O -whereas O -it O -invariably O -enhanced O -the O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -5 O -) O -, O -used O -as O -a O -standard O -enzyme O -of O -short O -half O -- O -life O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -partial O -hepatectomy O -and O -the O -treatment O -with O -growth O -hormone O -produced O -a O -clear O -stimulation O -of O -hepatic O -RNA O -synthesis O -, O -the O -extent O -of O -which O -was O -not O -altered O -by O -injections O -of O -diaminopropane O -in O -doses O -sufficient O -to O -prevent O -any O -enhancement O -of O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -activity O -and O -spermidine O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -and O -other O -indole O -derivatives O -on O -the O -formation O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -monophosphate O -in O -pigeon O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -these O -compounds O -influenced O -basal O -cyclic O -AMP O -contest O -, O -and O -only O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -antagonized O -the O -effect O -of O -adrenalin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -between O -adrenalin O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -was O -competitive O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -to O -inhibit O -cyclic O -AMP O -accumulation O -was O -not O -dependent O -on O -the O -presence O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -, O -in O -either O -intact O -cells O -or O -" O -ghosts O -" O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -inhibits O -adrenalin O -- O -stimulated O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -in O -pigeon O -erythrocytes O -, O -possibly O -by O -competing O -with O -adrenalin O -for O -binding O -to O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -normal O -and O -leukemic O -lymphocytes O -contained O -a O -heat O -- O -stable O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -activator O -of O -phosphodiesterase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -several O -other O -properties O -of O -phosphodiesterase O -from O -normal O -and O -leukemic O -lymphocytes O -showed O -that O -the O -enzymes O -have O -similar O -pH O -optima O -, O -similar O -stabilities O -to O -freezing O -and O -thawing O -and O -similar O -sensitivities O -to O -inhibition O -by O -the O -phosphodiesterase O -inhibitors O -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -papaverine B-Chemical -and O -isobutylmethylxanthine O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -othere O -hand O -, O -the O -papaverine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -phosphodiesterase O -was O -similar O -in O -lymphocytes O -and O -cerebrum O -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -adenine O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -, O -the O -product O -of O -AMP O -reaction O -inhibits O -adenylate O -kinase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protease O -did O -not O -split O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzoyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -ethyl O -ester O -and O -N O -- O -benzoyl O -- O -D O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -p O -- O -nitroanilide O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -cAMP B-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -from O -phototrophic O -bacteria O -Rhodospirillum O -rubrum O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -activity O -is O -strongly O -inhibited O -with O -caffeine B-Chemical -and O -dithiotreitol O -and O -very O -significantly O -inhibited O -by O -ascorbic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ionization O -of O -" O -the O -activity O -inhibiting O -" O -group O -of O -the O -enzyme O -depends O -directly O -or O -indirectly O -on O -the O -concentration O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -and O -the O -increase O -of O -KCl O -concentration O -bring O -to O -the O -inhibition O -of O -ATPase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intensity O -of O -methylation O -of O -acid O -proteins O -of O -animals O -, O -differing O -in O -age O -, O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -8 O -- O -- O -16 O -times O -higher O -than O -that O -for O -histone O -methylation O -, O -despite O -the O -fact O -that O -the O -rates O -of O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -14C I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -these O -two O -groups O -of O -proteins O -were O -practically O -the O -same O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparative O -study O -of O -cell O -cytosol O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -ADH O -) O -from O -yeast O -Torulopsis O -candida O -IBFM O -- O -Y O -- O -127 O -grown O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -hexadecane O -which O -were O -the O -only O -source O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -, O -was O -made O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -latter O -case O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -also O -decreased O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -alcohol B-Chemical -radical O -from O -C2 O -to O -C6 O -. O - -aps B-category -Disc O -- O -electrophoresis O -in O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -, O -involving O -gel O -colouration O -for O -the O -assay O -of O -enzyme O -activity O -showed O -that O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -grown I-Chemical -cell O -cytosol O -contained O -three O -forms O -of O -ADH O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -shown O -to O -hydrolyse O -polyA O -and O -RNA O -for O -endonuclease O -type O -, O -degradation O -products O -being O -oligonucleotides O -terminating O -with O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -hydroxyl I-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxydation O -of O -the O -substrate O -is O -followed O -by O -accumulation O -of O -H2O2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -preparation O -contains O -0 O -. O -6 O -moles O -of O -flavin O -and O -2 O -moles O -of O -nonhaem O -iron B-Chemical -per O -a O -mole O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Beside O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -ferricyanide O -, O -2 O -. O -6 O -- O -dichlorphenolindophenol O -, O -phenazine O -methosulphate O -and O -cytochrome O -C O -may O -also O -serve O -as O -acceptors O -of O -L O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -lactatoxydase O -electrons O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -pKi O -- O -- O -pH O -dependence O -curves O -obtained O -for O -the O -base O -- O -free O -inhibitors O -( O -ribose O -- O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -, O -or O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -adenosine B-Chemical -) O -show O -no O -bends O -within O -the O -pH O -intervals O -of O -3 O -. O -0 O -- O -- O -4 O -. O -0 O -and O -5 O -. O -6 O -- O -- O -7 O -. O -0 O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -values O -are O -approximated O -to O -the O -values O -known O -for O -phenol B-Chemical -hydroxyl B-Chemical -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -fluorescens O -AG O -contains O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -essential O -for O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -increasing O -age O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -amount O -of O -dopa O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -accumulated O -in O -the O -brain O -after O -administration O -of O -NSD O -1015 O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -, O -the O -decrease O -in O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -accumulation O -was O -significantly O -more O -marked O -at O -14 O -and O -28 O -days O -than O -at O -1 O -day O -of O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -electron O -microscopic O -study O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -cadmium O -chloride B-Chemical -on O -cryptorchid O -testes O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -maximal O -velocity O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -soluble O -starch O -remained O -four O -times O -that O -of O -maltose O -hydrolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -fermentation O -process O -for O -producing O -both O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -lysine O -- O -enriched O -yeast O -. O - -aps B-category -Free O -L O -- O -lysine O -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -and O -cell O -growth O -were O -followed O -in O -time O -for O -each O -batch O -run O -held O -at O -a O -fixed O -pH O -and O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimal O -lysine O -run O -product O -, O -however O -, O -no O -less O -than O -15 O -% O -of O -the O -maximum O -cell O -and O -30 O -% O -of O -the O -maximum O -ethanol B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -degree O -of O -the O -activation O -of O -aminoacylase O -with O -cobalt B-Chemical -ion O -decreased O -with O -the O -immobilization O -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -- O -D O -- O -Glucosidase O -, O -glucoamylase O -, O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -were O -found O -to O -be O -more O -susceptible O -to O -denaturation O -on O -lyophilization O -when O -immobilized O -than O -in O -the O -native O -state O -; O -however O -, O -sorbitol O -had O -a O -marked O -protective O -effect O -in O -every O -case O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -group O -of O -43 O -patients O -was O -given O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -CY O -) O -, O -60 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -on O -each O -of O -2 O -days O -, O -5 O -and O -4 O -days O -before O -TBI O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifty O -patients O -developed O -moderate O -to O -severe O -GVHD O -, O -and O -40 O -of O -these O -were O -treated O -with O -antithymocyte B-Chemical -globulin I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -between O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -and O -the O -hypotensive O -effects O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -in O -rats O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Peptides O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -action O -in O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -pentapeptides O -, O -methionineenkephalin O -and O -leucine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -enkephalin I-Chemical -, O -were O -isolated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -administered O -prior O -to O -incubation O -on O -the O -development O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -chick O -sympathetic O -ganglia O -. O - -aps B-category -Reserpine B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -on O -cholinergic O -parasympathetic O -synapses O -and O -neurons O -in O -the O -ciliary O -ganglion O -, O -as O -judged O -by O -ChAc O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -chlorisondamine O -almost O -completely O -abolished O -the O -reserpine B-Chemical -induced O -increase O -of O -TH O -activity O -at O -day O -15 O -a O -. O -h O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -preventing O -normal O -adrenergic O -neuron O -ontogeny O -, O -target O -extirpation O -also O -prevented O -the O -normal O -development O -of O -presynaptic O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -F O -- O -ions O -showed O -no O -effect O -on O -AP O -activity O -at O -concentrations O -below O -250 O -mM O -( O -enamel O -organ O -125 O -mM O -) O -but O -caused O -inactivation O -of O -the O -enzymes O -at O -about O -50 O -% O -at O -1 O -M O -. O -EDTA O -was O -found O -to O -be O -a O -very O -effective O -AP O -inactivator O -at O -concentrations O -above O -0 O -. O -06 O -mM O -, O -whereas O -urea B-Chemical -did O -not O -noticeably O -affect O -the O -enzyme O -reactions O -at O -concentrations O -below O -1 O -M O -. O -At O -higher O -concentrations O -, O -inactivation O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -more O -consenting O -patients O -were O -given O -buprenorphine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -0 O -. O -5 O -to O -0 O -. O -6 O -mg O -, O -but O -they O -did O -not O -receive O -much O -greater O -or O -longer O -pain O -relief O -than O -those O -receiving O -0 O -. O -3 O -to O -0 O -. O -4 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -these O -tests O -, O -buprenorphine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -appears O -to O -be O -a O -satisfactory O -analgesic O -for O -severe O -postoperative O -pain O -, O -and O -it O -deserves O -extensive O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Fazadinium B-Chemical -at O -two O -dose O -levels O -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -and O -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -at O -three O -dose O -levels O -( O -50 O -mg O -, O -75 O -mg O -and O -100 O -mg O -) O -were O -investigated O -in O -106 O -adult O -patients O -to O -determine O -the O -time O -interval O -from O -injection O -to O -tracheal O -intubation O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -significant O -difference O -between O -the O -intubation O -time O -when O -smaller O -doses O -of O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -and O -75 O -mg O -were O -used O -and O -those O -when O -AH8165 O -( O -1 O -mg O -and O -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -were O -given O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -the O -interaction O -between O -chymotrypsin O -and O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -chymotrypsin O -towards O -GPANA O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -6 O -is O -enhanced O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heparin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chymotrypsin I-Chemical -complex O -migrates O -under O -basic O -polyacrylamide O -disc O -gel O -electrophoresis O -conditions O -to O -a O -position O -intermediate O -between O -heparin B-Chemical -and O -free O -chymotrypsin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -was O -found O -to O -be O -Lys O -5 O -, O -His O -2 O -, O -Arg1 O -, O -Asx11 O -, O -Thr5 O -, O -Ser7 O -, O -Glx17 O -, O -Pro6 O -, O -Gly7 O -, O -Ala6 O -- O -7 O -, O -Cys4 O -, O -Val8 O -, O -Ile5 O -, O -Leu7 O -, O -Tyr3 O -, O -Phe2 O -, O -and O -Trp1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -terminal I-Chemical -residue O -was O -alanine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -lipid O -peroxidation O -was O -determined O -in O -humans O -, O -using O -subcellular O -fractions O -of O -livers O -obtained O -from O -newborn O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -pigs O -prepared O -with O -re O -- O -entrant O -cannulas O -in O -the O -proximal O -duodenum O -and O -terminal O -ileum O -were O -used O -to O -study O -flow O -rates O -of O -total O -digesta O -, O -insoluble O -dry O -matter O -, O -nitrogen B-Chemical -, O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -entering O -and O -leaving O -the O -small O -intestine O -. O - -aps B-category -Evoked O -release O -from O -guinea O -pig O -cerebral O -cortex O -slices O -of O -endogenous O -14C O -- O -labelled O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -labelled O -via O -D O -- O -[ O -U O -- O -14C O -] O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Electrical O -field O -stimulation O -evoked O -a O -selective O -release O -of O -endogenous O -[ O -14C O -] O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -[ O -14C O -] O -aspartate B-Chemical -, O -and O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -[ O -14C O -] O -butyrate O -( O -14C O -- O -labelled O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -mammalian O -brain O -is O -metabolized O -almost O -entirely O -by O -the O -so O -- O -called O -' O -large O -compartment O -' O -, O -it O -is O -tentatively O -concluded O -that O -the O -releasable O -' O -transmitter O -pool O -' O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -, O -and O -GABA B-Chemical -is O -located O -in O -this O -' O -large O -compartment O -' O -. O - -aps B-category -Spontaneous O -and O -electrically O -evoked O -release O -of O -exogenous O -labelled O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -endogenous O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -labelled O -from O -D O -- O -[ O -U O -- O -14C O -] O -glucose B-Chemical -were O -compared O -in O -control O -and O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -free O -medium O -using O -guinea O -pig O -cerebral O -cortex O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -portion O -of O -the O -electrically O -evoked O -release O -of O -endogenous O -[ O -14C O -] O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -[ O -14C O -] O -aspartate B-Chemical -, O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -[ O -14C O -] O -butyrate O -( O -14C O -- O -labelled O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -and O -exogenous O -3H O -- O -labelled O -GABA B-Chemical -was O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -inpendent O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -the O -pattern O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -dependence O -of O -the O -evoked O -release O -concurred O -with O -the O -selectivity O -of O -the O -evoked O -release O -for O -endogenous O -[ O -14C O -] O -- B-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -, O -[ O -14C O -] O -aspartate B-Chemical -, O -and O -14C O -- O -labelled O -GABA B-Chemical -, O -it O -was O -concluded O -that O -these O -labelled O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -probably O -released O -from O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -' O -transmitter O -pool O -' O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -respective O -contributions O -of O -these O -two O -organs O -to O -acid O -- O -base O -and O -electrolyte O -balance O -in O -normal O -man O -has O -thus O -been O -studied O -in O -eight O -healthy O -male O -volunteers O -who O -underwent O -simultaneous O -renal O -clearance O -studies O -, O -and O -colonic O -perfusion O -with O -a O -0 O -. O -9 O -% O -saline O -or O -7 O -. O -2 O -% O -mannitol B-Chemical -solution O -, O -during O -metabolic O -alkalosis O -and O -acidosis O -, O -extracellular O -volume O -expansion O -, O -and O -control O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -alkalosis O -more O -sodium B-Chemical -than O -chloride B-Chemical -was O -lost O -( O -146 O -muequiv O -. O -/ O -min O -) O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Titratable O -acid O -was O -not O -produced O -in O -the O -colon O -during O -saline O -perfusion O -, O -and O -averaged O -18 O -muequiv O -. O -/ O -min O -during O -mannitol B-Chemical -perfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -More O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -was O -excreted O -in O -the O -urine O -during O -alkalosis O -when O -mannitol B-Chemical -was O -introduced O -in O -the O -colon O -( O -243 O -muequiv O -. O -/ O -min O -) O -than O -when O -saline O -was O -perfused O -( O -152 O -muequiv O -. O -/ O -min O -) O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Pregnant O -mice O -were O -given O -a O -single O -dose O -( O -10 O -mug O -/ O -g O -body O -weight O -) O -of O -diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical -( O -DES O -) O -on O -Days O -7 O -to O -19 O -, O -which O -correspond O -to O -the O -first O -to O -fifth O -lunar O -months O -in O -humans O -, O -after O -the O -authors O -, O -using O -a O -14C O -- O -labeled O -compound O -, O -confirmed O -easy O -placental O -penetration O -by O -DES O -. O - -aps B-category -Formaldehyde O -production O -in O -leukocytes O -is O -only O -slightly O -stimulated O -by O -addition O -of O -various O -cobalamins O -, O -and O -activity O -is O -normal O -in O -leukocytes O -from O -a O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -general O -, O -antagonists O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -and O -thiol B-Chemical -reagents O -proved O -to O -be O -the O -most O -effective O -inhibitors O -of O -L O -- O -asparagine O -synthetase O -from O -this O -tumor O -source O -. O - -aps B-category -Partially O -purified O -enzyme O -fraction O -from O -rat O -kidney O -possessing O -high O -uridine B-Chemical -kinase O -and O -phosphomonoesterase O -activity O -was O -insolubilized O -by O -means O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -precipitation O -without O -substantial O -loss O -of O -the O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -soluble O -fraction O -, O -the O -two O -enzymes O -in O -zinc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -precipitated I-Chemical -and O -lyophilized O -preparations O -were O -stable O -on O -heating O -at O -100 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Metal O -complexed O -proteins O -catalyze O -the O -dephosphorylation O -of O -5 O -' O -- O -UMP O -, O -6 O -- O -AzaUMP O -as O -well O -as O -of O -2 O -' O -( O -3 O -' O -) O -- O -UMP O -or O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dinitrophenyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -indicating O -thus O -the O -presence O -of O -several O -phosphomonoesterases O -in O -the O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -pathway O -of O -L O -- O -3 O -- O -methoxy O -, O -4 O -- O -hydroxyphenylalanine O -( O -3 O -- O -O O -- O -methylDOPA O -) O -- O -participation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -determined O -age O -- O -related O -differences O -in O -automaticity O -and O -responsiveness O -of O -cardiac O -Purkinje O -fibers O -from O -adult O -and O -neonatal O -dogs O -to O -graded O -concentrations O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -and O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -rate O -was O -greater O -with O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -than O -with O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -for O -the O -neonates O -were O -upward O -and O -to O -the O -left O -of O -those O -for O -adults O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -effects O -on O -automiticity O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -amines B-Chemical -are O -greater O -in O -the O -neonates O -than O -in O -the O -adult O -. O - -aps B-category -Baroreflex O -sensitivity O -was O -assessed O -by O -determining O -the O -slope O -of O -a O -regression O -line O -relating O -the O -rise O -of O -systolic O -arterial O -pressure O -to O -the O -prolongation O -of O -the O -R O -- O -R O -interval O -of O -the O -electrocardiogram O -during O -a O -transient O -rise O -of O -arterial O -pressure O -induced O -by O -an O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -an O -electrochemical O -method O -for O -simple O -, O -rapid O -, O -and O -economical O -assay O -of O -total O -serum O -cholesterol B-Chemical -with O -use O -of O -immobilized O -cholesterol B-Chemical -esterase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -13 O -) O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -6 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -calibration O -curve O -for O -total O -serum O -cholesterol B-Chemical -was O -linear O -from O -0 O -to O -5 O -. O -00 O -g O -/ O -liter O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -a O -new O -automatic O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -analyzer O -. O - -aps B-category -Over O -the O -phsiological O -range O -interference O -by O -K O -+ O -and O -Mg2 O -+ O -was O -negligible O -; O -major O -changes O -in O -ionic O -strength O -, O -induced O -by O -changes O -in O -N O -+ O -concentration O -, O -made O -correction O -for O -a O -sodium B-Chemical -error O -necessary O -. O - -aps B-category -units O -/ O -ml O -) O -concentrations O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -were O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -semiautomated O -fluorometric O -method O -for O -estimation O -of O -small O -amounts O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -in O -human O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopa O -is O -isolated O -from O -interfering O -substances O -, O -especially O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -by O -adsorption O -onto O -aluminium B-Chemical -oxide O -, O -elution O -with O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -HCl O -, O -then O -passed O -through O -a O -cation O -- O -exchange O -column O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -isomerised O -with O -strong O -alkali B-Chemical -to O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -substituted O -indole O -, O -which O -is O -highly O -fluorescent O -but O -very O -unstable O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylethanolamine O -N O -- O -methyltransferase O -and O -other O -enzymes O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -human O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Type O -A O -( O -with O -serotonin B-Chemical -as O -substrate O -) O -and O -type O -B O -( O -with O -phenylethylamine O -as O -substrate O -) O -MAO O -activities O -were O -high O -in O -all O -brain O -regions O -with O -little O -individual O -variations O -in O -controls O -and O -Parkinsonian O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antigen O -- O -antibody O -complex O -formation O -in O -the O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -radioimmunoassay O -appears O -to O -be O -influenced O -by O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -radioimmunoassay O -incubation O -mixture O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -our O -experiments O -we O -studied O -this O -general O -pH O -effect O -, O -and O -evaluated O -the O -effect O -on O -the O -New O -England O -Nuclear O -Angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -radioimmunoassay O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -Benzodiazepine O -overdosage O -, O -particularly O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -increased O -relative O -to O -other O -psychotropic O -drugs O -over O -the O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -example O -, O -21 O -of O -31 O -patients O -who O -ingested O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -together O -with O -barbiturates O -experienced O -severe O -central O -nervous O -system O -( O -CNS O -) O -depression O -, O -and O -14 O -of O -31 O -required O -assisted O -ventilation O -. O - -aps B-category -Ingestion O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -together O -with O -other O -drugs O -appears O -to O -be O -considerably O -more O -common O -than O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -overdosage O -alone O -as O -a O -cause O -of O -intoxication O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Therapeutic O -notes O -: O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Triazolam B-Chemical -: O -an O -effective O -hypnotic O -in O -general O -practice O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasmin O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -concentration O -after O -bicycle O -exercise O -( O -200 O -W O -for O -2 O -min O -) O -, O -compared O -with O -base O -line O -concentration O -, O -was O -used O -as O -an O -index O -of O -sympathetic O -responsiveness O -in O -patients O -with O -essential O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Administrations O -of O -atenolol B-Chemical -caused O -a O -rise O -in O -plasma O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -both O -on O -lying O -and O -after O -exercise O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -0125 O -) O -, O -and O -a O -fall O -in O -plasma O -renin O -concentration O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -, O -examined O -the O -effect O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockers O -Propranolol B-Chemical -, O -Pindolol O -, O -Practonol O -and O -P11 O -on O -complement O -in O -the O -serum O -of O -guinea O -pigs O -after O -continuous O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -obtained O -results O -showed O -that O -the O -acute O -metabolic O -acidosis O -increased O -moderately O -the O -values O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -and O -17 O -- O -hydroxycorticosteroids O -in O -blood O -without O -changing O -their O -concentration O -on O -the O -adrenal O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolic O -alkalosis O -raised O -the O -concentration O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -in O -blood O -plasma O -and O -increased O -the O -amount O -of O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -in O -blood O -and O -adrenals O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparative O -study O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -maptil O -on O -the O -karyotype O -and O -immunoproliferative O -response O -of O -lymphocytes O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -concentrations O -were O -used O -: O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -0 I-Chemical -. O -1 O -mkg O -/ O -ml O -, O -10 O -mkg O -/ O -ml O -and O -10 O -. O -0 O -mkg O -/ O -ml O -; O -mageptyl O -- O -- O -2 O -. O -0 O -mkg O -/ O -ml O -, O -10 O -, O -0 O -mkg O -/ O -ml O -and O -50 O -mkg O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -by O -islet O -secretion O -granule O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidized O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -which O -did O -not O -release O -insulin O -from O -the O -granules O -, O -was O -taken O -up O -to O -a O -much O -lesser O -extent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -amount O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -taken O -up O -was O -0 O -. O -6 O -nmol O -/ O -mg O -membrane O -protein O -and O -the O -concentration O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -needed O -to O -obtain O -maximum O -uptake O -was O -6 O -. O -5 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -m O -, O -which O -was O -approximately O -the O -same O -concentration O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -needed O -to O -produce O -maximum O -release O -of O -insulin O -from O -the O -secretion O -granules O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -study O -is O -to O -ascertain O -whether O -or O -not O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -PG I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -induces O -LH O -release O -by O -modifying O -or O -mudulating O -the O -release O -or O -action O -of O -neural O -transmitters O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -peak O -of O -plasma O -LH O -was O -not O -changed O -by O -prior O -treatment O -with O -beta O -- O -or O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -blockers O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -or O -phenoxybenzamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -the O -peak O -of O -plasma O -LH O -was O -not O -changed O -by O -prior O -treatment O -with O -imipramine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -it O -is O -possible O -that O -the O -effect O -of O -PGE2 B-Chemical -could O -be O -mediated O -by O -another O -transmitter O -system O -, O -as O -yet O -unknown O -, O -or O -that O -the O -effect O -of O -PGE2 B-Chemical -on O -LH O -release O -could O -be O -mediated O -via O -the O -adenylate O -cyclase O -- O -cyclic O -AMP O -system O -, O -the O -results O -indicate O -that O -PGE2 B-Chemical -does O -not O -act O -trans O -- O -synaptically O -, O -but O -probably O -acts O -directly O -on O -LH O -- O -RH O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inactivation O -was O -prevented O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -in O -a O -competitive O -fashion O -, O -which O -indicates O -the O -active O -- O -site O -- O -directed O -nature O -of O -this O -reagent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -maleate B-Chemical -increased O -the O -maximum O -velocity O -of O -the O -inactivation O -, O -but O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -affinity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -for O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diazo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norleucine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -native O -enzyme O -preparation O -showing O -a O -single O -protein O -band O -on O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -gave O -four O -distinct O -bands O -upon O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -/ O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -from O -Thermus O -aquaticus O -. O - -aps B-category -Combination O -of O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -dodecylsulphate O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -shows O -that O -it O -is O -composed O -of O -four O -identical O -subunit O -polypeptide O -chains O -consisting O -of O -approximately O -186 O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Reconstitution O -of O -active O -Mn O -- O -enzyme O -was O -achieved O -byaddition O -of O -Mm2 O -+ O -apoprotein O -in O -8 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -at O -acid O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -N O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -to O -the O -40th O -residue O -of O -the O -submit O -was O -determined O -by O -automated O -Edman O -degradation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -corresponds O -to O -the O -breakdown O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -bisphosphoglycerate O -afterconsumption O -of O -an O -unknown O -reducing O -substance O -. O - -aps B-category -Protection O -against O -inactivation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -by O -carbodiimide O -was O -provided O -also O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -alkali B-Chemical -and O -alkaline O -earth O -metal O -ions O -, O -which O -are O -non O -- O -essential O -activators O -of O -sucrase O -- O -isomaltase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -membrane O -- O -integrated O -part O -of O -the O -wild O -- O -type O -ATP O -synthetase O -is O -highly O -sensitive O -to O -ATP O -- O -dependent O -membrane O -energization O -and O -restoration O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -energization O -of O -ATPase O -- O -depleted O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -studied O -proton O -movements O -associated O -with O -substrate O -transport O -via O -the O -galactose B-Chemical -transport O -system O -in O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -substrates O -for O -this O -transport O -system O -, O -D O -- O -fucose O -, O -2 O -- O -deoxygalactose O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -2 O -- O -deoxyglucose O -similarly O -cause O -an O -influx O -of O -protons O -when O -transported O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -kinetic O -data O -obtained O -from O -pH O -measurements O -with O -data O -obtained O -from O -measurement O -of O -active O -transport O -of O -galactose B-Chemical -via O -the O -galactose B-Chemical -transport O -system O -suggests O -that O -the O -apparent O -Km O -of O -the O -galactose B-Chemical -transport O -system O -for O -this O -sugar O -differs O -under O -energized O -and O -non O -- O -energized O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluorogenic O -oligopeptide O -derivatives O -of O -the O -type O -Lys O -( O -ABz O -) O -- O -ONBzl O -, O -where O -ABz O -iso O -- O -aminobenzoyl O -( O -anthraniloyl O -) O -, O -X O -stands O -for O -Ala O -Phe O -, O -or O -Ala O -- O -Ala O -, O -and O -ONBzlis O -p O -- O -nitrobenzyloxy O -, O -were O -synthesized O -and O -shown O -to O -be O -hydrolyzed O -by O -leucine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -bacterial O -aminopeptidase O -from O -Clostrdium O -histolyticumthat O -is O -very O -similar O -to O -leucine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -in O -its O -substrate O -specificity O -inits O -substrate O -specificity O -did O -not O -hydrolyze O -the O -above O -peptidederivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Tissue O -hypoxia O -was O -induced O -in O -one O -group O -of O -dogs O -by O -clamping O -of O -the O -endotracheal O -tube O -and O -in O -another O -group O -by O -artificial O -ventilation O -with O -a O -mixture O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -and O -air O -. O - -aps B-category -Timolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agent O -with O -little O -or O -no O -cardiodepressant O -activity O -, O -was O -studied O -in O -acute O -myocardial O -ischemia O -in O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -Timolol B-Chemical -significantly O -prevented O -the O -spread O -of O -ischemic O -damage O -in O -the O -myocardium O -as O -assessed O -by O -( O -a O -) O -curtailing O -the O -increase O -in O -plasma O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphokinase O -( O -CPK O -) O -activity O -, O -( O -b O -) O -preventing O -the O -loss O -of O -CPK O -from O -the O -ischemic O -portion O -of O -the O -myocardium O -, O -and O -( O -c O -) O -restoring O -the O -elevated O -S O -- O -T O -segment O -of O -the O -electrocardiogram O -toward O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -the O -protective O -effect O -to O -timolol B-Chemical -on O -the O -ischemic O -myocardium O -appears O -to O -be O -via O -reducing O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -demand O -by O -decreasing O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -the O -lesions O -on O -the O -antinociception O -and O -catalepsy O -produced O -by O -3 O -doses O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -, O -10 O -and O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -was O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -combined O -( O -DMVR O -) O -lesions O -yielded O -virtually O -a O -total O -blockade O -of O -the O -3 O -and O -10 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -Attenuation O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -analgesia O -in O -rats O -with O -lesions O -of O -the O -locus O -coeruleus O -and O -dorsal O -raphe O -nucleus O -. O - -aps B-category -LC O -lesions O -produced O -a O -selective O -lowering O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -NA O -) O -content O -in O -the O -forebrain O -, O -while O -DR O -lesions O -resulted O -in O -a O -reduction O -in O -serotonin B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -produced O -a O -significant O -and O -dose O -- O -dependent O -elevation O -of O -the O -stimulation O -threshold O -in O -sham O -- O -operated O -animals O -, O -while O -morphine B-Chemical -analgesia O -was O -almost O -completely O -inhibited O -by O -destruction O -of O -LC O -, O -DR O -and O -both O -the O -nuclei O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxymetazoline O -, O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -naphazoline B-Chemical -and O -BAY O -- O -1470 O -caused O -a O -concentration O -- O -dependent O -inhibition O -of O -the O -twitch O -response O -at O -concentrations O -lower O -than O -those O -causing O -smooth O -muscle O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -was O -antagonised O -by O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -piperoxan O -, O -yohimbine B-Chemical -and O -tolazoline O -, O -but O -not O -by O -thymoxamine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -examined O -the O -effects O -of O -antihypertensive O -drugs O -( O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -and O -guanethidine B-Chemical -) O -on O -blood O -pressure O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -activity O -in O -the O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rat O -( O -SHR O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -while O -reserpine B-Chemical -increased O -vascular O -and O -adrenal O -TH O -activity O -, O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -blood O -pressure O -reduction O -nor O -catecholamine B-Chemical -depletion O -in O -peripheral O -tissues O -are O -sufficient O -prerequisties O -for O -increasing O -TH O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -bovine O -lens O -. O - -aps B-category -Dialysis O -did O -not O -affect O -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -accelerated O -, O -and O -other O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -end O -- O -product O -inhibited O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Historical O -review O -indicates O -that O -the O -process O -of O -ventilatory O -acclimatization O -was O -initially O -attributed O -to O -renal O -excretion O -of O -plasma O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -with O -development O -of O -a O -metabolic O -acidosis O -; O -but O -subsequent O -measurements O -indicated O -this O -process O -did O -not O -lower O -the O -arterial O -pH O -sufficiently O -to O -account O -for O -the O -ventilatory O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -implications O -of O -these O -findings O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -system O -need O -much O -further O -investigation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -the O -concentration O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -, O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -dinucleotide O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -various O -chelating O -agents O -on O -the O -metabolism O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -in O -vitro O -by O -preparations O -from O -rat O -ventral O -prostate O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -both O -PMS O -and O -control O -groups O -exhibited O -an O -age O -- O -related O -increase O -in O -brain O -concentrations O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -soluble O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -( O -37 O -, O -000 O -g O -supernatant O -) O -in O -rats O -with O -diabetes O -- O -mellitus O -- O -like O -syndrome O -induced O -by O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -, O -65 O -mg O -. O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -rat O -hepatic O -guanylate O -cyclase O -is O -decreased O -in O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -diabetes O -and O -that O -insulin O -modulates O -this O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -is O -presented O -that O -the O -pentose B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -pathway O -subserves O -different O -functions O -as O -the O -developing O -brain O -progresses O -through O -the O -stages O -of O -growth O -and O -myelination O -to O -full O -neurological O -competence O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -gastrin O -levels O -before O -and O -after O -6 O -weeks O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -patients O -with O -duodenal O -ulcer O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -did O -not O -cause O -any O -significant O -change O -in O -fasting O -serum O -gastrin O -levels O -after O -6 O -weeks O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -the O -gastric O -alkaline O -tide O -on O -serum O -- O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -was O -determined O -in O -human O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -decrease O -in O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -in O -all O -experiments O -was O -5 O -. O -4 O -% O -of O -the O -basal O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -speculate O -that O -increased O -formation O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -bicarbonate B-Chemical -complex O -in O -the O -serum O -as O -well O -as O -increased O -binding O -of O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -by O -serum O -protein O -accounts O -for O -the O -surprisingly O -large O -effect O -of O -the O -alkaline O -tide O -on O -serumionized O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulatory O -( O -H1 O -) O -and O -inhibitory O -( O -H2 O -) O -histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -gallbladder O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -metiamide O -, O -augmented O -the O -contractile O -response O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -indicating O -that O -gallbladder O -muscle O -possessed O -stimulatory O -H1 O -receptors O -and O -inhibitory O -H2 O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -, O -blockade O -of O -H2 O -but O -not O -of O -H1 O -receptors O -augmented O -the O -response O -to O -the O -octapeptide O -of O -cholecystokinin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -spontaneous O -membrane O -action O -potentials O -of O -the O -taenia O -coli O -recorded O -by O -the O -use O -of O -the O -sucrose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -gap I-Chemical -method O -were O -inhibited O -by O -a O -high O -concentration O -of O -perimetazine O -both O -in O -frequency O -and O -in O -amplitude O -with O -relaxation O -of O -the O -tonus O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -the O -agent O -on O -gastric O -mucosa O -, O -healing O -process O -of O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -gastric O -ulcer O -and O -gastric O -juice O -in O -rats O -was O -investigated O -and O -compared O -with O -effects O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -and O -rescinnamine O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -three O -day O -treatment O -of O -CD O -- O -3400 O -to O -fed O -rats O -, O -however O -, O -there O -were O -few O -gastric O -lesions O -, O -while O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -rescinnamine O -- O -induced O -gastric O -lesions O -were O -aggravated O -to O -a O -greater O -extent O -that O -when O -a O -single O -administration O -was O -given O -to O -fasted O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -CD O -- O -3400 O -and O -reserpine B-Chemical -produced O -a O -decrease O -in O -gastric O -acid O -and O -K O -+ O -, O -and O -an O -increase O -in O -Na O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -anticholinergic O -agents O -such O -as O -atropine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -and O -atropine B-Chemical -methylbromide O -inhibited O -CD O -- O -3400 O -- O -and O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -gastric O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -methyl O -O O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -3 O -- O -methoxycinnamoyl O -) O -reserpate O -( O -CD O -- O -3400 O -) O -, O -a O -new O -antihypertensive O -agent O -, O -on O -the O -peripheral O -nervous O -system O -in O -mice O -, O -rats O -and O -guinea O -pigs O -were O -investigated O -and O -compared O -with O -effects O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -and O -rescinnamine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intestinal O -propulsion O -in O -mice O -was O -accelerated O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -, O -but O -no O -so O -with O -CD O -- O -3400 O -. O - -aps B-category -for O -5 O -days O -, O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contraction O -was O -potentiated O -and O -this O -effect O -was O -weaker O -than O -that O -seen O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -and O -rescinnamine O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -isolated O -rat O -uterus O -pretreated O -with O -CD O -- O -3400 O -, O -no O -significant O -effect O -was O -observed O -on O -oxytocin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -Efect O -of O -CD O -- O -3400 O -were O -slightly O -weaker O -than O -those O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -and O -rescinnamine O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -short O -- O -time O -regeneration O -of O -columns O -- O -- O -5 O -ml O -buffer O -, O -3 O -ml O -N O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -- O -these O -columns O -can O -be O -reused O -at O -least O -20 O -times O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -hyperimmune O -restricted O -and O -partially O -restricted O -anti O -- O -pneumococcal O -polysaccharide O -antibodies O -from O -allotype O -- O -defined O -pedigreed O -rabbits O -- O -- O -V O -. O -Variable O -region O -heavy O -chain O -sequence O -analysis O -of O -the O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -c1 O -fragment O -obtained O -from O -an O -unusual O -restricted O -anti O -- O -SVIII O -antibody O -from O -a O -homozygous O -a1 O -partially O -inbred O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -, O -human O -milk O -and O -bovine O -colostrum O -inhibited O -the O -growth O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -O111 O -. O - -aps B-category -Adjusting O -the O -pH O -to O -7 O -. O -4 O -with O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -the O -development O -of O -bacteriostatic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Dialyzed O -colostrum O -and O -milk O -inhibited O -bacterial O -growth O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -added O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -; O -addition O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -or O -iron B-Chemical -abolished O -bacteriostasis O -. O - -aps B-category -Examination O -of O -the O -elution O -profile O -tyrosyl O -- O -tRNA O -from O -E O -. O -coli O -0111 O -growing O -in O -colostrum O -without O -added O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -showed O -that O -such O -bacteria O -were O -fully O -replete O -in O -iron B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -support O -the O -idea O -that O -the O -bacteriostatic O -action O -of O -milk O -and O -colostrum O -, O -due O -to O -the O -combined O -action O -of O -antibody O -and O -lactoferrin O -, O -depends O -on O -the O -addition O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -to O -counteract O -the O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mobilizing I-Chemical -effect O -of O -the O -citrate B-Chemical -normally O -present O -in O -these O -secretions O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnesium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -as O -a O -marker O -enzyme O -for O -the O -plasma O -membrane O -of O -human O -polymorphonuclear O -leukocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cell O -homogenates O -, O -( O -Na O -+ O -+ O -K O -+ O -) O -- O -sensitive O -, O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inhibitable I-Chemical -ATPase O -comprised O -an O -insignificant O -fraction O -of O -the O -total O -ATPase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Trypan O -blue O -staining O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -assays O -revealed O -that O -greater O -than O -92 O -% O -of O -the O -PMNL O -remained O -intact O -and O -viable O -during O -the O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -for O -sucrose B-Chemical -is O -12 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -some O -of O -the O -LCL O -which O -had O -developed O -secondary O -chromosomal O -alterations O -during O -continuous O -cultivation O -for O -periods O -exceeding O -several O -years O -were O -tumorigenic O -and O -/ O -or O -had O -the O -capacity O -to O -form O -colonies O -in O -agarose O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -former O -Sepharose O -derivative O -adsorbed O -alpha O -- O -chymotrypsin O -, O -trypsin O -, O -subtilisin O -, O -thermolysin O -and O -neutral O -subtilopeptidase O -at O -neutral O -pH O -range O -, O -and O -acid O -proteases O -such O -as O -pepsin O -and O -Rhizopus O -niveus O -protease O -at O -pH O -3 O -. O -5 O -- O -6 O -. O -5 O -. O -alpha O -- O -Chymotrypsin O -and O -trypsin O -were O -eluted O -with O -0 O -. O -1 O -N O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -Rhizopus O -protease O -with O -0 O -. O -5 O -N O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -thermolysin O -with O -1 O -M O -guanidine O -- O -HCl O -or O -33 O -% O -ethyleneglycol O -, O -whilst O -pepsin O -was O -recovered O -by O -elution O -with O -2 O -M O -guanidine O -- O -HCl O -at O -pH O -3 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -of O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -( O -BSA O -) O -with O -diacetylcycloserine O -( O -I O -) O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -- O -9 O -. O -0 O -proceeded O -with O -both O -acylation O -by O -the O -diacetyl O -- O -beta O -- O -aminooxy O -- O -D O -- O -alanyl O -( O -DAA O -) O -group O -and O -acetylation O -. O - -aps B-category -Calculations O -using O -results O -obtained O -by O -this O -method O -combined O -with O -the O -experimentally O -determined O -number O -of O -free O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -in O -the O -modified O -BSA O -indicated O -that O -the O -reaction O -of O -excess O -I O -with O -BSA O -effected O -the O -acetylation O -of O -about O -35 O -and O -the O -acylation O -with O -DAA O -groups O -of O -about O -22 O -of O -the O -59 O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Iodinated O -radiological O -contrast B-Chemical -media I-Chemical -as O -radiosensitizers O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -N2O O -the O -degree O -of O -sensitization O -is O -intermediate O -between O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -also O -cancelled O -by O -adding O -thiosulphate B-Chemical -to O -the O -irradiated O -solutions O -immediately O -before O -the O -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -monoamines B-Chemical -and O -reproductive O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Which O -gentamicin B-Chemical -assay O -method O -is O -the O -most O -practicable O -? O - -aps B-category -Microbiological O -assay O -of O -ethambutol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -was O -purified O -about O -250 O -- O -fold O -from O -Thiobacillus O -thioparus O -and O -was O -characterized O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -also O -inhibited O -by O -iron B-Chemical -chelators O -and O -thiolbinding O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -values O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -, O -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -were O -3 O -. O -0 O -muM O -, O -50 O -muM O -, O -and O -1 O -. O -1 O -mM O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymes O -involved O -in O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -T O -. O -thioparus O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -levels O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -were O -similar O -in O -T O -. O -thioparus O -grown O -on O -0 O -. O -7 O -or O -7 O -. O -0 O -mM O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -pathway O -is O -important O -for O -ammonia B-Chemical -assimilation O -in O -this O -autotrophic O -bacterium O -. O - -aps B-category -Partial O -purification O -of O -the O -Escherichia O -coli O -K O -- O -12 O -mec O -+ O -deoxyribonucleic O -acid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytosine I-Chemical -methylase O -: O -in O -vitro O -methylation O -completely O -protects O -bacteriophage O -lambda O -deoxyribonucleic O -acid O -against O -cleavage O -by O -R O -- O -EcoRII O -. O - -aps B-category -Preliminary O -studies O -on O -the O -two O -methylases O -indicate O -that O -they O -are O -indistinguishable O -with O -respect O -to O -their O -Km O -for O -S O -- O -adenosylmethionine O -and O -their O -pH O -( O -in O -tris O -( O -hydroxymethyl O -) O -aminomethane O -buffer O -) O -and O -NaCl B-Chemical -concentration O -optima O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -calculated O -to O -be O -116 O -, O -000 O -, O -based O -on O -measurements O -of O -the O -sedimentation O -coefficient O -by O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -ultracentrifugation O -and O -the O -Stokes O -radius O -by O -gel O -filtration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -limiting O -Michealis O -constants O -for O -carbamylphosphate O -and O -ornithine B-Chemical -were O -determined O -to O -be O -0 O -. O -06 O -and O -0 O -. O -2 O -mM O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -with O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -or O -chlortetracycline O -indicate O -that O -de O -novo O -protein O -synthesis O -was O -required O -for O -neuraminidase O -production O -and O -that O -this O -exoenzyme O -was O -not O -released O -from O -a O -preformed O -pool O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -movements O -were O -affected O -by O -iodoacetate O -, O -p O -- O -mercuribenzoate O -, O -and O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -at O -inhibitory O -or O -subinhibitory O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Crude O -enzyme O -preparation O -, O -obtained O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -of O -cell O -- O -free O -broth O -, O -contained O -six O -amylolytic O -isoenzymes O -that O -were O -detected O -by O -isoelectric O -focusing O -and O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Glycerol O -was O -found O -to O -suppress O -the O -pH O -changes O -because O -of O -its O -" O -salt B-Chemical -buffer O -" O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Activity O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -was O -coupled O -to O -activity O -of O -nitrogenase O -in O -isolated O -heterocysts O -as O -shown O -by O -acetylene O -- O -inhibitable O -formation O -of O -[ O -13N O -] O -NH3 O -and O -of O -amidelabeled O -[ O -13N O -] O -glutamine B-Chemical -form O -[ O -13N O -] O -N2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -is O -, O -after O -nitrogenase O -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -, O -the O -third O -sequential O -enzyme O -involved O -in O -the O -assimilation O -of O -N2 O -by O -intact O -filaments O -. O - -aps B-category -Concordantly O -, O -isolated O -heterocysts O -failed O -to O -form O -substantial O -amounts O -of O -radioactive O -glutamate B-Chemical -from O -either O -[ O -13N O -] O -glutamine B-Chemical -or O -alph O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -ketoglutarate O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -other O -substrates O -and O -cofactors O -of O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Application O -to O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -V O -. O -Purification O -and O -characterization O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reductase O -preparation O -also O -catalyzed O -the O -oxidation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -with O -molecular O -oxygen B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -catalytic O -amount O -of O -2 O -- O -methyl O -- O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -naphthoquinone O -( O -menadione O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -yeast O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -is O -in O -many O -respects O -similar O -to O -the O -liver O -microsomal O -reductase O -which O -acts O -as O -an O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -P O -- O -450 O -reductase O -[ O -EC O -1 O -. O -6 O -. O -2 O -. O -4 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amide O -content O -of O -neocarzinostatin O -( O -NCS O -) O -, O -an O -antitumor O -protein O -, O -has O -been O -determined O -by O -analysing O -asparagine O -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -Pronase O -- O -aminopeptidase O -M O -digests O -of O -tetra O -- O -S O -- O -carboxymethyl O -- O -NCS O -and O -carboxyl O -- O -modified O -NCS O -( O -modified O -with O -a O -water O -- O -soluble O -carbodiimide O -and O -[ O -14C O -] O -glycine B-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -experimental O -error O -, O -PRE O -was O -indistinguishable O -from O -NCS O -in O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -content O -after O -acid O -hydrolysis O -, O -as O -well O -as O -in O -apparent O -molecular O -weight O -as O -determined O -by O -SDS O -- O -disc O -gel O -electrophoresis O -( O -10 O -% O -acrylamide O -) O -, O -and O -N O -- O -and O -C O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -catalytic O -action O -of O -poly B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -some O -of O -the O -cysteine B-Chemical -residues O -in O -the O -copolymer O -are O -involved O -in O -the O -hydrolytic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -of O -conformational O -change O -of O -troponin O -- O -C O -induced O -by O -proton O -binding O -or O -removal O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -general O -characteristics O -obtained O -from O -our O -limited O -study O -( O -0 O -. O -04 O -- O -6 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -) O -show O -three O -distinctive O -modes O -of O -effect O -of O -the O -protein O -concentration O -on O -the O -filament O -length O -: O -d O -logl O -/ O -d O -log O -c O -is O -positive O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -1 O -) O -at O -small O -c O -, O -negative O -( O -from O -- O -1 O -to O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -) O -at O -intermediate O -c O -, O -and O -zero O -or O -slightly O -positive O -( O -0 O -. O -0 O -- O -0 O -. O -3 O -) O -at O -large O -c O -. O -Lowering O -of O -the O -KCl O -concentration O -( O -75 O -- O -250 O -mM O -) O -as O -well O -as O -increase O -of O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -( O -pH O -6 O -- O -8 O -) O -influenced O -the O -filament O -length O -in O -qualitatively O -the O -same O -manner O -as O -increase O -of O -the O -protein O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -transition O -temperatures O -estimated O -at O -pH O -8 O -were O -10 O -degrees O -, O -8 O -degrees O -, O -and O -about O -5 O -degrees O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -MnCl2 O -, O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -, O -and O -MgCl2 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Temperature O -dependence O -of O -the O -decay O -of O -the O -UV O -absorption O -difference O -spectrum O -of O -heavy O -meromyosin O -induced O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -and O -inosine O -triphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acceptor O -activities O -of O -subcellular O -membrane O -preparations O -for O -the O -terminal O -sugars O -, O -galactose B-Chemical -and O -sialic O -acid O -, O -were O -compared O -using O -a O -Golgi O -fraction O -purified O -from O -rat O -liver O -as O -an O -exogenous O -emzymes O -source O -for O -sugar O -transfer O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -and O -simple O -colorimetric O -method O -for O -human O -serum O -lipase O -[ O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -] O -assay O -has O -been O -developed O -, O -using O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -dimercaptopropan O -- O -1 O -- O -ol O -tributyroate O -as O -a O -substrate O -, O -5 O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -dithiobis O -( O -2 O -- O -nitro O -- O -benzoic O -acid O -) O -as O -a O -chromogenic O -reagent O -, O -phenylmethylsulfonyl O -fluoride B-Chemical -as O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -serum O -esterases O -, O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -as O -a O -lipase O -activator O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -polynucleotide O -phosphorylase O -hydrolysis O -of O -polynucleotides O -, O -spermidine O -clearly O -stimulated O -the O -breakdown O -of O -poly O -( O -C O -) O -and O -poly O -( O -A O -) O -, O -while O -the O -breakdown O -of O -poly O -( O -U O -) O -was O -stimulated O -only O -slightly O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -spermidine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -phenylglyoxal O -( O -PGO O -) O -, O -glyoxal O -( O -GO O -) O -, O -and O -methylglyoxal O -( O -MGO O -) O -with O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -investigated O -at O -mild O -pH O -values O -at O -25 O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reactions O -with O -these O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -seemed O -to O -involve O -both O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -groups O -and O -the O -side O -chain O -groups O -, O -and O -no O -significant O -reaction O -appeared O -to O -occur O -with O -the O -side O -chain O -alone O -except O -with O -those O -of O -arginine O -, O -lysine O -, O -and O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -other O -ordinary O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -very O -much O -less O -reactive O -or O -did O -not O -react O -at O -all O -with O -these O -reagents O -, O -with O -the O -exception O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -glyoxal O -derivative O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -( O -GO O -- O -arginine O -) O -was O -prepared O -by O -reaction O -of O -glyoxal O -with O -arginine O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mass O -spectrometric O -method O -was O -developed O -to O -determine O -pH O -- O -dependent O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deuterium I-Chemical -exchange O -at O -the O -C O -- O -2 O -position O -of O -the O -imidazole O -ring O -of O -histidine O -, O -after O -converting O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -to O -the O -methylthiohydantoin O -derivative O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -PCI O -219 O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -band O -was O -determined O -, O -by O -activity O -staining O -, O -to O -have O -all O -the O -GDH O -nucleotide B-Chemical -specificities O -. O - -aps B-category -Polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -showed O -that O -GDH O -has O -a O -subunit O -size O -of O -about O -57 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -catalyzed O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -inorganic O -pyrophosphate O -and O -no O -activity O -was O -found O -with O -a O -variety O -of O -other O -phosphate B-Chemical -esters O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Michaelis O -constant O -was O -1 O -. O -18 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -mg O -per O -ml O -with O -purified O -hyaluronate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Reaction O -of O -chlorocruorin O -with O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -ligands O -and O -carbonyl O -reagents O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -it O -is O -apparent O -that O -at O -least O -one O -of O -the O -coordination O -positions O -on O -the O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -in O -ferri O -- O -and O -ferrochlorocruorin O -is O -vacant O -or O -occupied O -by O -a O -weak O -- O -field O -ligand O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -addition O -was O -accelerated O -if O -the O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -coordination O -position O -had O -been O -occupied O -by O -strong O -field O -ligands O -, O -and O -was O -reversed O -to O -some O -extent O -as O -the O -chlorocruorin O -complexes O -were O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -the O -dimer O -was O -split O -into O -two O -monomers O -by O -treatment O -with O -alkali B-Chemical -or O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -( O -SDS O -) O -, O -it O -was O -shown O -that O -the O -intensity O -of O -circular O -dichroism O -( O -CD O -) O -in O -the O -Soret O -region O -due O -to O -heme O -a O -decreased O -, O -probably O -reflecting O -release O -of O -the O -strain O -on O -the O -latent O -heme O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -monomer O -was O -further O -dissociated O -into O -constituent O -subunits O -in O -strong O -alkali B-Chemical -or O -at O -high O -concentrations O -of O -SDS O -, O -the O -CD O -spectrum O -disappeared O -almost O -completely O -, O -indicating O -loss O -of O -the O -asymmetric O -interactions O -of O -the O -chromophoric O -heme O -a O -with O -its O -immediate O -environments O -, O -consisting O -of O -the O -subunit O -assembly O -. O - -aps B-category -Reconstitution O -of O -vesicles O -capable O -of O -energy O -transformation O -from O -phospholipids O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -of O -a O -thermophilic O -bacterium O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -enzymes O -were O -characterized O -with O -respect O -to O -molecular O -weight O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -carbohydrate O -composition O -, O -several O -kinetic O -parameters O -, O -and O -inhibition O -by O -various O -synthetic O -and O -natural O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -substituted O -in O -the O -beta O -position O -such O -as O -asparagine O -, O -S O -- O -methylcysteine O -, O -phenylalanine O -, O -cysteine B-Chemical -, O -serine O -, O -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -are O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -has O -a O -high O -affinity O -for O -glyoxylate O -but O -the O -affinity O -falls O -off O -markedly O -through O -the O -series O -glyoxylate O -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -alpha O -- O -ketoburyrate O -, O -alpha O -- O -Keto O -acids O -substituted O -in O -the O -beta O -or O -gamma O -position O -, O -such O -as O -alpha O -- O -ketosuccinamate O -, O -phenylpyruvate O -, O -p O -- O -hydroxyphenylpyruvate O -, O -alpha O -- O -keto O -- O -gamma O -- O -methiolburyrate O -, O -and O -alpha O -- O -keto O -- O -gamma O -- O -hydroxybutyrate O -, O -are O -substrates O -for O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -determination O -of O -carbamino O -adducts O -of O -alpha O -and O -beta O -chains O -in O -human O -adult O -hemoglobin O -in O -presence O -and O -absence O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -and O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -effects O -in O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -hemoglobin O -at O -both O -Val O -- O -1alpha O -and O -Val O -- O -1beta O -sites O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -shown O -also O -that O -each O -species O -has O -a O -characteristic O -composition O -, O -differing O -from O -each O -other O -regarding O -the O -relative O -amount O -and O -type O -of O -chondroitin O -sulfates O -A O -, O -B O -, O -and O -C O -, O -heparitin O -sulfate O -, O -and O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Nuclear O -magnetic O -relaxation O -methods O -were O -used O -to O -investigate O -the O -interaction O -of O -the O -inhibitor O -succinate O -with O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -low O -concentrations O -of O -the O -transition O -state O -analog O -N O -- O -( O -phosphonacetyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -to O -the O -enzyme O -- O -carbamyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -succinate I-Chemical -complex O -sharply O -decreased O -the O -relaxation O -rate O -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -measurements O -are O -sensitive O -only O -to O -succinate O -bound O -specifically O -to O -the O -active O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -R O -- O -Plasmids O -from O -a O -number O -of O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -Escherichia O -coli O -and O -Citrobacter O -sp O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -50 O -% O -inhibitory O -concentrations O -( O -I50 O -) O -of O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -, O -Methotrexate B-Chemical -, O -and O -aminopterin O -are O -increased O -several O -thousandfold O -over O -the O -corresponding O -values O -for O -the O -chromosomal O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pure O -transferase O -has O -an O -apparent O -molecular O -weight O -of O -100 O -, O -000 O -as O -judged O -by O -zonal O -centrifugation O -and O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -a O -reducing O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -p O -- O -Bromophenacyl O -bromide B-Chemical -modifies O -0 O -. O -5 O -mol O -of O -histidine O -/ O -mol O -of O -enzyme O -as O -judged O -by O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -and O -incorporation O -studies O -with O -14C O -- O -labeled O -reagent O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethoxyformic O -anhydride O -also O -modifies O -phospholipase O -A2 O -, O -by O -acylation O -of O -the O -two O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -, O -a O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -and O -0 O -. O -5 O -mol O -of O -histidine O -/ O -mol O -of O -enzyme O -without O -totally O -inactivating O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -example O -, O -oxidation O -of O -phospholipase O -A2 O -with O -N O -- O -bromosuccinimide O -leads O -to O -rapid O -destruction O -of O -1 O -. O -0 O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residue O -and O -5 O -% O -residual O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -for O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -ethyl O -ester O -( O -ATEE O -) O -by O -immobilized O -CT O -was O -higher O -than O -that O -of O -free O -CT O -. O -Increasing O -MAAc O -content O -of O -the O -hydrogel O -resulted O -in O -larger O -shifts O -in O -the O -pH O -optimum O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -sleep O -, O -the O -mean O -GH O -level O -rose O -to O -26 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -7 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -and O -following O -propranolol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucagon I-Chemical -stimulation O -, O -to O -46 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -5 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -diphosphoglycerate O -had O -little O -effect O -on O -the O -affinity O -of O -either O -hemoglobin O -component O -, O -and O -addition O -of O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -produced O -no O -change O -in O -the O -affinity O -of O -Providence O -D O -. O -These O -studies O -demonstrate O -that O -Providence O -N O -is O -deamidated O -to O -Providence O -D O -during O -the O -life O -span O -of O -the O -erythrocyte O -, O -and O -suggest O -this O -finding O -may O -represent O -only O -an O -easily O -observed O -prototype O -of O -posttranslational O -modification O -of O -proteins O -in O -general O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -parathyroid O -hormone O -and O -calcitonin B-Chemical -on O -the O -renal O -excretion O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -and O -cyclic O -AMP O -was O -evaluated O -in O -the O -thyroparathyroidectomized O -hamster O -, O -a O -mammal O -apparently O -reisstant O -to O -the O -phosphaturic O -effect O -of O -parathyroid O -hormone O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -lack O -of O -a O -phosphaturic O -response O -to O -parathyroid O -hormone O -was O -not O -reversed O -by O -administration O -of O -25 O -- O -OH O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -or O -infusions O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -or O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -hamsters O -pretreated O -with O -infusion O -of O -urinary O -ammonium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -, O -which O -decreased O -plasma O -and O -urinary O -pH O -, O -both O -parathyroid O -hormone O -and O -calcitonin B-Chemical -increased O -excretion O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -that O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -Alkalinization O -of O -urine O -by O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -did O -not O -prevent O -the O -phosphaturic O -effect O -of O -parathyroid O -hormone O -in O -ammonium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -loaded I-Chemical -hamsters O -, O -but O -it O -blocked O -the O -increase O -in O -urinary O -cyclic O -AMP O -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -acid O -medium O -, O -the O -increase O -in O -cyclic O -AMP O -and O -activation O -of O -protein O -kinase O -in O -response O -to O -parathyroid O -hormone O -was O -diminished O -, O -but O -addition O -of O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -restored O -responsiveness O -of O -both O -parameters O -to O -control O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -the O -lack O -of O -a O -phosphaturic O -effect O -of O -parathyroid O -hormone O -and O -calcitonin B-Chemical -in O -the O -hamster O -depends O -on O -steps O -in O -the O -cellular O -action O -of O -these O -hormones O -, O -steps O -that O -are O -sensitive O -to O -pH O -subsequent O -to O -cyclic O -AMP O -generation O -and O -protein O -kinase O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -Penfluridol O -, O -a O -peroral O -long O -- O -acting O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -, O -for O -the O -maintenance O -treatment O -of O -schizophrenic O -patients O -who O -relapse O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -, O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -and O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -in O -various O -tissue O -preparations O -and O -comparison O -to O -the O -effects O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -azide O -and O -hydroxylamine O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -increased O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -in O -most O -of O -the O -preparations O -examined O -, O -the O -effects O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -azide O -, O -hydroxylamine O -and O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -were O -tissue O -specific O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -the O -protein O -activator O -factor O -nor O -catalase O -which O -is O -required O -for O -sodium B-Chemical -azide O -effects O -altered O -the O -stimulatory O -effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -soluble O -guanylate O -cyclase O -from O -rat O -liver O -and O -bovine O -tracheal O -smooth O -muscle O -the O -concentrations O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -that O -gave O -half O -- O -maximal O -stimulation O -with O -Mn2 O -+ O -were O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -and O -0 O -. O -01 O -mM O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -adenylate O -cyclase O -( O -ACI O -) O -was O -measured O -on O -some O -enzymes O -associated O -with O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -regulated I-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -vehicle O -control O -, O -parallel O -clinical O -trial O -evaluated O -the O -effectiveness O -and O -safety O -of O -the O -local O -application O -of O -flunisolide O -, O -a O -potent O -new O -topical O -steroid B-Chemical -, O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -ragweed O -hay O -fever O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -groups O -included O -in O -part O -II O -are O -the O -antipsychotics O -, O -antianxiety O -drugs O -, O -antidepressants B-Chemical -, O -antiparkinson O -drug O -and O -a O -miscellaneous O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -influence O -of O -a O -delayed O -hypersensitive O -reaction O -to O -a O -primary O -antigen O -on O -the O -induction O -of O -delayed O -hypersensitivity O -to O -a O -second O -unrelated O -antigen O -was O -observed O -in O -guinea O -pigs O -immunized O -with O -azobenzenearsonate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -( O -ABAT O -) O -, O -and O -injected O -intradermally O -3 O -weeks O -later O -with O -a O -mixture O -of O -ABAT O -and O -secondary O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -structural O -integrity O -of O -core O -particles O -depended O -on O -disulfide O -, O -hydrophobic O -, O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonds O -, O -and O -immunological O -activity O -relied O -on O -intact O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -cholesteryl O -oleate O -presented O -as O -an O -acetone O -dispersion O -was O -not O -effectively O -hydrolyzed O -at O -acid O -pH O -under O -identical O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphatase I-Chemical -activity O -was O -also O -increased O -in O -aortas O -from O -cholesterol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fed I-Chemical -animals O -while O -5 O -' O -nucleotidase O -activity O -remained O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymic O -changes O -in O -the O -cervix O -of O -the O -rat O -and O -hamster O -during O -the O -oestrous O -cycle O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cycloheximide O -prevented O -the O -rise O -in O -arylsulphatase O -B O -activity O -occurring O -after O -oestrogen B-Chemical -injection O -, O -suggesting O -a O -regulation O -of O -cervical O -arylsulphatase O -B O -at O -the O -level O -of O -protein O -biosynthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Earlier O -models O -have O -been O -improved O -by O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -the O -dead O -space O -description O -, O -( O -2 O -) O -the O -thermodynamic O -formulation O -of O -the O -CO2 O -dissociation O -equation O -and O -the O -simple O -but O -accurate O -O2 O -dissociation O -equation O -of O -the O -blood O -, O -( O -3 O -) O -the O -alteration O -of O -the O -CO2 O -dissociation O -equation O -for O -the O -brain O -and O -the O -remaining O -tissue O -to O -accommodate O -recent O -results O -, O -( O -4 O -) O -the O -application O -of O -the O -one O -- O -receptor O -- O -theory O -of O -central O -chemosensitivity O -, O -( O -5 O -) O -the O -pH O -dependence O -of O -brain O -circulation O -, O -( O -6 O -) O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -exchange O -between O -blood O -and O -extracellular O -fluid O -of O -the O -brain O -and O -( O -7 O -) O -the O -introduction O -of O -variable O -circulation O -times O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -several O -types O -of O -experiments O -, O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -or O -methazolamide O -was O -used O -to O -inhibit O -completely O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -activity O -was O -obtained O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -240 O -mM O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -120 O -mM O -KCl O -, O -20 O -mM O -MgCl2 O -and O -10 O -mM O -Na2ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -liberated O -activity O -from O -the O -1000 O -x O -g O -pellet O -and O -elevated O -the O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Characteristics O -of O -the O -chloride B-Chemical -conductance O -in O -muscle O -fibers O -of O -the O -rat O -diaphragm O -. O - -aps B-category -Net O -chloride B-Chemical -permeability O -was O -only O -four O -times O -as O -high O -as O -net O -sulfate O -permeability O -, O -whereas O -chloride B-Chemical -exchange O -is O -over O -10 O -, O -000 O -times O -faster O -than O -sulfate O -exchange O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -by O -excitatory O -motoneurons O -in O -central O -nervous O -system O -of O -the O -leech O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -motoneurons O -to O -synthesize O -ACh O -was O -also O -demonstrated O -by O -their O -accumulation O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -ACh O -following O -incubation O -of O -segmental O -ganglia O -with O -[ O -3H O -] O -choline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -[ O -3H O -] O -ACh O -segmental O -ganglia O -synthesized O -[ O -3H O -] O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -[ O -3H O -] O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -[ O -3H O -] O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -octopamine O -from O -exogenous O -, O -labeled O -precursors O -. O - -aps B-category -Filterability O -of O -erythrocytes O -from O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -lead B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -poisoned I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -deficiency O -per O -se O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -in O -non O -- O -poisoned O -rats O -) O -often O -increased O -filtration O -times O -, O -but O -in O -all O -such O -experiments O -the O -RBC O -from O -- O -E O -+ O -Pb O -groups O -had O -even O -longer O -filtration O -times O -. O - -aps B-category -N O -, O -N O -' O -- O -diphenyl O -- O -p O -- O -phenylenediamine O -( O -DPPD O -) O -prevented O -the O -increased O -filtration O -times O -characteristic O -of O -RBC O -from O -- O -E O -+ O -Pb O -rats O -, O -but O -replacement O -of O -the O -lard O -in O -the O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -basal O -diet O -by O -more O -highly O -polyunsaturated O -fats O -did O -not O -exacerbate O -the O -increased O -filtration O -times O -of O -RBC O -from O -- O -E O -+ O -Pb O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -deficiency O -and O -lead B-Chemical -toxicity O -act O -synergistically O -to O -alter O -the O -deformability O -of O -the O -RBC O -thereby O -rendering O -it O -vulnerable O -to O -sequestration O -in O -the O -spleen O -. O - -aps B-category -D O -- O -Amino O -acid O -oxidase O -and O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -two O -enzymes O -possessing O -ionically O -bound O -flavin O -coenzymes O -have O -been O -studied O -with O -their O -flavin O -coenzymes O -derived O -from O -either O -7 O -- O -ethyl O -- O -8 O -- O -methyl O -- O -flavin O -or O -7 O -- O -methyl O -- O -8 O -- O -ethyl O -- O -flavin O -, O -vitamin O -- O -like O -homologues O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -7 O -- O -Methyl O -- O -8 O -- O -ethyl O -- O -flavin O -caused O -a O -significant O -reduction O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -in O -both O -the O -liver O -and O -kidney O -, O -a O -significant O -reduction O -of O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -in O -the O -liver O -, O -but O -a O -large O -and O -significant O -increase O -of O -the O -latter O -enzyme O -in O -the O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -Beneficial O -effect O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -and O -threonine O -supplements O -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -toxicity O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -is O -elevated O -by O -ingestion O -of O -excess O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -but O -lowered O -by O -the O -supplementation O -of O -extra O -casein O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -plus O -threonine O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -excess O -tyrosine B-Chemical -was O -included O -in O -the O -10 O -% O -casein O -diet O -, O -free O -tyrosine B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -plasma O -, O -liver O -, O -muscle O -and O -brain O -were O -extremely O -elevated O -, O -but O -when O -the O -high O -tyrosine B-Chemical -diet O -was O -supplemented O -with O -extra O -casein O -or O -methionine B-Chemical -plus O -threonine O -, O -their O -plasma O -and O -tissues O -tyrosine B-Chemical -concentrations O -lowered O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -and O -brain O -concentrations O -of O -imipramine B-Chemical -, O -clomipramine B-Chemical -and O -their O -monomethylated O -metabolites O -after O -oral O -and O -intramuscular O -administration O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentrations O -of O -both O -drugs O -and O -their O -active O -demethylated O -metabolites O -desipramine B-Chemical -and O -desmethylclomipramine O -were O -measured O -in O -blood O -plasma O -, O -blood O -cells O -and O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -ACTH B-Chemical -, O -alpha O -- O -MSH O -and O -beta O -- O -LPH O -: O -pituitary O -hormones O -with O -similar O -activity O -in O -an O -amnesia O -test O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -isolated O -uterine O -tissue O -provides O -a O -simpler O -method O -for O -screening O -compounds O -for O -inhibition O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -than O -the O -biochemical O -assays O -or O -the O -rat O -- O -paw O -- O -edema O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -Substances O -tested O -included O -papaverine B-Chemical -, O -ketamine B-Chemical -, O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -chloropromazine O -, O -desipramine B-Chemical -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -and O -procaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -concentrations O -of O -papaverine B-Chemical -, O -ketamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -initially O -reduced O -the O -force O -but O -increased O -the O -rate O -of O -contractions O -while O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -desipramine B-Chemical -, O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -decreased O -the O -force O -without O -affecting O -the O -rate O -of O -contraction O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -suggest O -that O -although O -isolated O -pregnant O -rat O -uterine O -tissue O -is O -a O -simple O -technique O -for O -detecting O -compounds O -that O -inhibit O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -, O -there O -is O -lack O -of O -specificity O -of O -the O -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -Tolerance O -and O -cross O -- O -tolerance O -to O -the O -effects O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -isomers O -on O -seizure O -susceptibility O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -aggregation O -on O -morphine B-Chemical -lethality O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -sensitive O -and O -specific O -method O -for O -the O -detection O -of O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -in O -biological O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -Interference O -by O -endogenous O -p O -- O -hydroxyphenylacetic O -acid O -with O -estimation O -of O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminophenol I-Chemical -in O -urine O -by O -gas O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -non O -- O -contact O -optical O -technique O -has O -been O -used O -to O -measure O -changes O -in O -the O -heights O -and O -diameters O -of O -compacts O -prepared O -from O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -, O -spray O -dried O -lactose O -, O -two O -samples O -of O -methylcellulose O -powder O -and O -two O -spray O -- O -dried O -lactose O -- O -maize O -starch O -granulations O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -up O -to O -2 O -% O -w O -/ O -w O -magnesium B-Chemical -stearate O -to O -the O -formulation O -containing O -4 O -% O -w O -/ O -w O -PH O -101 O -grade O -had O -little O -effect O -on O -pore O -structure O -, O -but O -decreased O -the O -dissolution O -rate O -by O -retarding O -water O -penetration O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -such O -discontinuities O -are O -apparent O -for O -sorption O -from O -aqueous O -ethanol B-Chemical -over O -the O -temperature O -range O -15 O -- O -60 O -degrees O -, O -which O -is O -indicative O -of O -plasticizaton O -by O -this O -cosolvent O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -oxotremorine O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -pentobarbitone O -on O -the O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -intravenous O -tracer O -doses O -or O -radioactive O -choline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fate O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -A1 O -- O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -3H O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -PGA1 O -- O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -3H O -was O -deemed O -unsuitable O -for O -metabolism O -studies O -in O -man O -, O -in O -view O -of O -the O -significant O -loss O -of O -tritium O -label O -from O -the O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -; O - -aps B-category -Under O -the O -same O -conditions O -measurement O -of O -pA2 O -values O -for O -phentolamine B-Chemical -and O -piperoxan O -against O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -gave O -the O -following O -values O -in O -rat O -vase O -deferens O -( O -8 O -- O -22 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -- O -07 O -and O -6 O -- O -72 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -- O -03 O -respectively O -) O -and O -mouse O -vas O -deferens O -( O -8 O -- O -31 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -- O -05 O -and O -6 O -- O -53 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -- O -07 O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -blocked O -the O -hyperactivity O -induced O -in O -rats O -by O -tranylcypromine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -pretreatment O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -antagonism O -of O -the O -tranylcypromise B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hyperactivity O -by O -butaclamol O -and O -spiroperidol O -is O -due O -to O -their O -blockade O -of O -dopaminergic O -receptors O -rather O -than O -an O -action O -on O -neuronal O -serotoninergic O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Lofepramine O -, O -( O -N O -- O -methyl O -- O -N O -- O -[ O -4 O -- O -chlorobenzoylmethyl O -] O -- O -3 O -- O -[ O -10 O -, O -11 O -- O -dihydro O -- O -5H O -- O -dibenz O -( O -b O -, O -f O -) O -- O -azepin O -- O -5 O -- O -yl O -] O -- O -propylamine O -hydrochloride O -) O -, O -is O -a O -new O -antidepressant B-Chemical -with O -low O -toxicity O -and O -no O -peripheral O -anticholinergic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Lofepramine O -inhibited O -both O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -uptake O -into O -synaptosomal O -fractions O -in O -vitro O -but O -was O -4 O -times O -more O -potent O -in O -inhibiting O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -than O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -uptake O -, O -indicating O -the O -effect O -resembles O -that O -of O -desipramine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -formation O -of O -desipramine B-Chemical -is O -not O -necessary O -for O -lofepramine O -to O -exhibit O -, O -the O -effect O -on O -amine B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -lofepramine O -is O -qualitatively O -similar O -to O -desipramine B-Chemical -with O -respect O -to O -preferential O -inhibition O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -uptake O -into O -central O -noradrenergic O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Pethidine B-Chemical -injection O -into O -rabbits O -treated O -with O -debrisoquine B-Chemical -either O -acutely O -or O -chronically O -resulted O -in O -severe O -interaction O -and O -fatal O -hyperpyrexia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -the O -administration O -of O -debrisoquine B-Chemical -into O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -pretreated O -rabbits O -produced O -a O -severe O -interaction O -and O -hyperpyrexia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -debrisoquine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pethidine I-Chemical -interaction O -could O -be O -due O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -potentiation O -or O -prevention O -of O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -and O -pharmacological O -screening O -for O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -apomorphine I-Chemical -, O -stomach O -emptying O -and O -local O -anaesthetic O -activities O -of O -some O -new O -piperidylbenzamides O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Conformational O -analysis O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -by O -the O -INDO O -molecular O -orbital O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -conformational O -energy O -map O -and O -an O -isodistance O -map O -for O -the O -key O -distances O -N O -- O -OH1 O -, O -N O -- O -OH2 O -in O -dopamine B-Chemical -as O -functions O -of O -the O -two O -main O -torsion O -angles O -tau1 O -and O -tau2 O -were O -constructed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -key O -distances O -of O -the O -rigid O -analogues O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -apomorphine B-Chemical -, O -isoapomorphine O -, O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -, O -7 O -- O -dihydroxy O -- O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -tetrahydronaphthalene O -and O -isoquinoline O -were O -plotted O -on O -the O -isodistance O -map O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -relation O -between O -the O -energy O -minima O -and O -the O -biological O -action O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rheological O -properties O -of O -emulsions O -B O -and O -D O -differed O -from O -those O -of O -emulsion O -C O -. O -Emulsion O -A O -, O -of O -mixed O -homologue O -composition O -, O -showed O -some O -properties O -similar O -to O -each O -of O -the O -pure O -alcohol B-Chemical -emulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -Microscopical O -examination O -supported O -the O -view O -that O -the O -networks O -formed O -in O -emulsion O -A O -were O -the O -most O -extensive O -and O -that O -stearyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -networks O -in O -C O -formed O -comparatively O -slowly O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -microelectrophoretic O -properties O -of O -the O -drugs O -griseofulvin O -, O -betamethasone O -, O -nalidixic O -acid O -and O -thiabendazole B-Chemical -in O -aqueous O -dispersion O -have O -been O -examined O -and O -the O -zeta O -potentials O -calculated O -from O -the O -measured O -mobilities O -. O - -aps B-category -Microcapsules O -containing O -sodium B-Chemical -phenobartitone O -cores O -in O -ethyl O -cellulose O -have O -been O -used O -to O -prepare O -tablets O -at O -from O -3 O -- O -9 O -to O -358 O -- O -9 O -MPa O -compression O -pressures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -prolonged O -clonidine B-Chemical -administration O -on O -catecholamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -the O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Temperature O -and O -concentration O -dependent O -partitioning O -of O -three O -tetracyclines O -between O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffers O -and O -octanol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxidation O -pathways O -of O -two O -hydroxylated O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -metabolites O -were O -investigated O -using O -modern O -electrochemical O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrochemical O -analysis O -of O -the O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -cefamandole O -nafate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -centrally O -active O -muscarinic O -agonist O -, O -oxotremorine O -, O -elicited O -an O -up O -to O -2 O -- O -fold O -dose O -- O -dependent O -( O -0 O -. O -25 O -- O -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -increase O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -in O -the O -rat O -nucleus O -locus O -coeruleus O -( O -LC O -) O -and O -adrenal O -medulla O -. O - -aps B-category -Physostigmine O -( O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -( O -25 O -- O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -nicotine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -increased O -TH O -activity O -in O -LC O -and O -adrenal O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -in O -a O -transplantable O -rat O -pheochromocytoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -the O -cells O -in O -a O -medium O -containing O -56 O -mM O -K O -+ O -results O -in O -a O -2 O -- O -to O -6 O -- O -fold O -increase O -in O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -the O -cells O -by O -56 O -mM O -K O -+ O -increases O -the O -conversion O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -to O -dopa O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -brocresine O -( O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -aromatic O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -) O -, O -and O -has O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -conversion O -of O -3H O -- O -dopa O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -depleted I-Chemical -cells O -incubated O -under O -control O -conditions O -in O -only O -slightly O -( O -20 O -- O -40 O -% O -) O -greater O -than O -it O -is O -in O -nondepleted O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -the O -cells O -in O -56 O -mMK O -+ O -results O -in O -an O -increase O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -3 O -- O -monooxygenase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -agonists O -investigated O -, O -the O -potency O -rank O -order O -was O -isoproteronol O -greater O -than O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -salbutamol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Basal O -and O -theophylline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -lipolysis O -was O -reduced O -when O -higher O -concentrations O -of O -these O -drug O -were O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -previous O -finding O -from O -our O -laboratory O -, O -that O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -depletes O -cerebellar O -cyclic O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cGMP B-Chemical -) O -, O -has O -now O -been O -extended O -to O -an O -investigation O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -acute O -and O -chronic O -ethanol B-Chemical -treatment O -of O -cGMP B-Chemical -levels O -in O -six O -areas O -of O -the O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -dose O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -depleted O -cGMP B-Chemical -levels O -in O -only O -five O -areas O -of O -the O -brain O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -cGMP B-Chemical -levels O -returned O -to O -control O -values O -as O -blood O -ethanol B-Chemical -was O -eliminated O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -ethanol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -syndrome O -cGMP B-Chemical -levels O -had O -returned O -to O -control O -vlaues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -development O -of O -that O -current O -is O -modified O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -tetrodotoxin O -or O -saxitoxin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -shift O -in O -the O -potential O -dependence O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -inactivation O -is O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -steady O -- O -state O -( O -potassium B-Chemical -) O -conductance O -is O -also O -decreased O -at O -the O -same O -time O -as O -the O -leak O -current O -is O -increasing O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -active O -form O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -has O -been O -studied O -with O -internally O -perfused O -squid O -qiant O -axons O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -concentration O -of O -the O -internally O -present O -charged O -form O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -was O -kept O -constant O -, O -the O -suppression O -of O -the O -peak O -transient O -conductance O -remained O -almost O -constant O -at O -internal O -pH O -values O -of O -7 O -. O -0 O -, O -7 O -. O -3 O -and O -7 O -. O -7 O -, O -but O -increased O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -by O -separated O -renal O -tubules O -of O -the O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -uptake O -was O -temperature O -dependent O -and O -showed O -saturation O -kinetics O -with O -a O -K O -of O -3 O -. O -2 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -rate O -increased O -with O -increasing O -sodium B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -decreased O -with O -increasing O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Parathyroid O -hormone O -and O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -increased O -the O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -uptake O -rate O -when O -preincubated O -with O -the O -tubules O -for O -130 O -minutes O -before O -the O -addition O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -were O -trained O -in O -a O -two O -- O -choice O -discrete O -trial O -avoidance O -paradigm O -to O -discriminate O -between O -saline O -and O -3 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -discriminative O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -measured O -by O -responding O -on O -the O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -appropriate I-Chemical -lever O -, O -were O -then O -evaluated O -by O -determining O -the O -dose O -- O -response O -characteristics O -of O -representative O -narcotic O -analgesics O -, O -analgesics O -with O -mixed O -agonist O -and O -narcotic O -antagonist O -properties O -and O -nonopioid O -psychoactive O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -potency O -for O -producing O -discriminative O -effects O -equivalent O -to O -those O -produced O -by O -3 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -ranged O -form O -etonitazene O -= O -1000 O -x O -morphine B-Chemical -to O -propoxyphene O -= O -0 O -. O -0175 O -x O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nonopioid O -psychoactive O -drugs O -, O -mescaline O -, O -ketamine B-Chemical -, O -physostigmine B-Chemical -and O -scopolamine B-Chemical -, O -also O -failed O -to O -produce O -discriminative O -effect O -equivalent O -to O -those O -produced O -by O -3 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -are O -compatible O -with O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -properties O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -which O -enable O -it O -to O -function O -as O -a O -discriminative O -stimulus O -in O -the O -rat O -are O -analogous O -to O -those O -responsible O -for O -producing O -subjective O -effects O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Squirrel O -monkeys O -were O -trained O -in O -a O -two O -- O -choice O -discrete O -trial O -avoidance O -task O -to O -discriminate O -between O -intramuscular O -injections O -of O -saline O -and O -3 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulus O -control O -produced O -by O -the O -discriminative O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -met O -the O -following O -criteria O -for O -classification O -as O -a O -specific O -narcotic O -effect O -: O -1 O -) O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -stimulus O -control O -was O -produced O -by O -all O -other O -narcotic O -analgesics O -tested O -( O -fentanyl B-Chemical -, O -oxymorphone O -, O -levorphanol O -, O -methadone B-Chemical -and O -meperidine B-Chemical -) O -; O -2 O -) O -in O -so O -doing O -, O -these O -drugs O -spanned O -a O -900 O -- O -fold O -potency O -range O -relative O -to O -morphine B-Chemical -; O -3 O -) O -stimulus O -control O -was O -blocked O -by O -the O -specific O -narcotic O -antagonist O -naloxone B-Chemical -; O -and O -4 O -) O -stereospecificity O -was O -a O -requirement O -for O -stimulus O -control O -- O -- O -levorphanol O -produced O -stimulus O -control O -equivalent O -to O -3 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -mrophine O -but O -its O -optical O -isomer O -dextrorphan O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -monkeys O -administered O -0 O -. O -01 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -responded O -on O -the O -morphine B-Chemical -lever O -for O -only O -as O -lone O -as O -1 O -/ O -2 O -hour O -after O -fentanyl B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -of O -hepatic O -and O -intestinal O -blood O -flow O -: O -effect O -of O -isovolaemic O -haemodilution O -on O -blood O -flow O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -the O -intact O -liver O -and O -intestines O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -reduction O -of O -the O -haematocrit O -( O -from O -31 O -to O -22 O -) O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -of O -the O -gut O -segment O -and O -liver O -were O -maintained O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hepatic O -arterial O -conductance O -did O -not O -change O -in O -spite O -of O -a O -greatly O -reduced O -( O -to O -68 O -% O -) O -oxygen B-Chemical -delivery O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxygen O -extraction O -in O -the O -gut O -correlated O -well O -with O -changes O -in O -portal O -blood O -flow O -but O -not O -with O -changes O -in O -vascular O -conductance O -, O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -or O -oxygen B-Chemical -delivery O -. O - -aps B-category -Cathepsin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -activity O -in O -bovine O -articular O -cartilage O -, O -synovial O -membrane O -and O -fluid O -: O -degradation O -of O -cartilage O -proteoglycans O -from O -same O -joint O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -four O -compounds O -( O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -10 O -and O -11 O -in O -Table O -IV O -) O -to O -have O -about O -the O -same O -order O -of O -beta O -- O -blocking O -activity O -as O -that O -of O -sotalol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Sotalol B-Chemical -did O -not O -produce O -any O -change O -in O -blood O -pressure O -, O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -raised O -the O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -6 O -and O -7 O -had O -marginal O -activity O -, O -8 O -- O -10 O -had O -an O -anxiolytic O -effect O -in O -animals O -comparable O -to O -the O -clinically O -useful O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -and O -chlorodiazepoxide O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -demonstration O -of O -anxiolytic O -efficacy O -was O -obtained O -by O -comparing O -the O -effects O -of O -8 O -and O -9 O -with O -the O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -in O -modifying O -provoked O -aggression O -in O -monkeys O -, O -rats O -( O -muricide O -) O -, O -and O -fighting O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -chlorodiazepoxide O -potentiated O -this O -drug O -interaction O -effect O -at O -minimal O -anxiolytic O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -tracheal O -and O -right O -atrial O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -activity O -are O -markedly O -decreased O -by O -alkyl O -substitution O -in O -position O -3 O -of O -parent O -catechol B-Chemical -diether O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Relative O -concentrations O -of O -zwitterionic O -and O -uncharged O -species O -in O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -the O -effect O -of O -N O -- O -substituents O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -values O -suggest O -that O -any O -mechanism O -of O -action O -involving O -proton O -transfer O -, O -which O -might O -transform O -the O -zwitterion O -into O -the O -uncharged O -form O -, O -would O -be O -most O -favorable O -for O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -least O -favorable O -fo O -the O -t O -- O -Bu O -derivative O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -mouse O -MLg O -cells O -were O -treated O -with O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -or O -7 O -, O -12 O -- O -dimethylbenz O -[ O -alpha O -] O -anthracene O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -microsomal O -enzymes O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -after O -5 O -- O -iododeoxyuridine O -( O -IUDR O -) O -treatment O -, O -the O -induction O -rate O -of O -the O -endogenous O -C O -- O -type O -virus O -was O -increased O -fivefold O -to O -sixfold O -in O -comparison O -with O -the O -culture O -treated O -with O -IUDR O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -Lack O -of O -influence O -of O -hypophysectomy O -on O -estrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -DNA O -synthesis O -in O -Leydig O -cells O -of O -BALB O -/ O -c O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Autoradiographic O -and O -quantitative O -biochemical O -studies O -indicated O -that O -in O -BALB O -/ O -c O -mice O -this O -initial O -DNA O -synthetic O -activity O -occurred O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -the O -hypophysis O -and O -apparently O -was O -the O -result O -of O -effects O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -directly O -on O -Leydig O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -components O -released O -by O -alkali B-Chemical -disruption O -of O -simian O -virus O -40 O -. O - -aps B-category -Without O -prior O -treatment O -with O -diatomaceous O -earth O -, O -subsequent O -purification O -procedures O -( O -methanol O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -, O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -) O -gave O -recoveries O -of O -less O -than O -1 O -% O -of O -crude O -lysate O -titers O -. O - -aps B-category -Single O -- O -step O -growth O -experiments O -showed O -a O -latent O -period O -of O -39 O -min O -and O -a O -burst O -size O -of O -100 O -PFU O -/ O -infectious O -center O -; O -results O -were O -unaffected O -by O -omission O -of O -supplemental O -Ca2 O -+ O -, O -by O -supplementation O -with O -Mg2 O -, O -addition O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -or O -changes O -of O -pH O -between O -6 O -. O -35 O -and O -8 O -. O -0 O -; O -but O -increased O -temperature O -( O -40 O -to O -43 O -degrees O -C O -) O -shortened O -the O -latent O -period O -and O -decreased O -the O -burst O -size O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -phi227 O -does O -not O -code O -for O -a O -rifampin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -RNA O -polymerase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -duplex O -linear O -DNA O -had O -a O -molecular O -weight O -( O -calculated O -from O -contour O -length O -) O -of O -23 O -. O -2 O -X O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -and O -a O -guanine O -plus O -cytosine B-Chemical -content O -( O -calculated O -from O -melting O -point O -) O -of O -42 O -. O -3 O -mol O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -infusion O -on O -myocardial O -performance O -during O -acute O -hypoxia O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypoxia O -was O -induced O -by O -ventilating O -the O -dogs O -with O -reduced O -oxygen B-Chemical -( O -10 O -% O -) O -in O -the O -inspired O -air O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -infusion O -during O -hypoxia O -delayed O -the O -rate O -of O -decrease O -in O -the O -contractility O -and O -blood O -pressure O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -infusion O -however O -, O -was O -unable O -to O -correct O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -blood O -pressure O -, O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -, O -and O -hemodynamic O -components O -were O -studied O -in O -23 O -patients O -with O -essential O -hypertension O -treated O -with O -oral O -pindolol B-Chemical -or O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Calcium B-Chemical -blocker O -( O -calcium B-Chemical -antagonists O -) O -and O -angina O -pectoris O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Studies O -on O -the O -adsorption O -removal O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -gas O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -secure O -some O -fundamental O -informations O -on O -the O -adsorption O -removal O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -gas O -by O -the O -static O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relations O -between O -the O -amounts O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -gas O -adsorbed O -on O -the O -activated O -carbons O -and O -the O -physical O -properties O -of O -them O -were O -discussed O -through O -the O -results O -of O -specific O -surface O -area O -, O -pore O -volume O -, O -mean O -pore O -radius O -, O -scanning O -electron O -micrograph O -, O -pH O -, O -and O -amount O -of O -base O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -) O -Adsorption O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -gas O -on O -the O -activated O -carbons O -seemed O -to O -be O -mainly O -physical O -as O -judged O -from O -the O -values O -of O -heat O -of O -adsorption O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -bufetolol O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -active O -and O -passive O -membrane O -properties O -of O -dog O -papillary O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Bufetolol O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -to O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -g O -/ O -ml O -) O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -g O -/ O -ml O -) O -significantly O -decreased O -the O -maximum O -rate O -of O -rise O -of O -the O -action O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -bufetolol O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -suppress O -the O -excitability O -of O -the O -muscle O -membrane O -and O -this O -action O -may O -be O -ascribed O -to O -the O -decrease O -in O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -conductance O -( O -gNa O -) O -and O -to O -the O -rise O -of O -gNa O -onset O -potential O -without O -alteration O -in O -the O -passive O -membrane O -property O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -on O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -ASA O -) O -- O -induced O -gastric O -mucosal O -lesions O -were O -studied O -in O -mongrel O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -( O -100 O -mM O -) O -was O -given O -concomitantly O -with O -ASA O -( O -20 O -mM O -) O -into O -the O -pouch O -, O -changes O -of O -electrolyte O -fluxes O -in O -response O -to O -ASA O -alone O -were O -significantly O -suppressed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -itself O -had O -little O -effect O -on O -the O -ionic O -movement O -in O -the O -pouch O -. O - -aps B-category -Prior O -administration O -of O -antihistamines O -, O -steroids B-Chemical -, O -azathioprine B-Chemical -, O -colchicine O -, O -indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -aprotinin O -( O -Trasylol O -) O -, O -and O -niridazole O -also O -failed O -to O -reduced O -proteinuria O -. O - -aps B-category -" O -Amphiphilic O -" O -drugs O -from O -completely O -different O -pharmacological O -groups O -, O -like O -chloroquine B-Chemical -, O -amiodarone B-Chemical -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -form O -complexes O -with O -cellular O -phospholipids O -which O -cannot O -be O -metabolised O -by O -lysosomal O -phospholipases O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -above O -days O -the O -rats O -were O -injected O -intraperitoneally O -with O -central O -nervous O -stimulants B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -caffeine I-Chemical -, O -phenamine O -and O -strychnine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -sensitivity O -to O -caffeine B-Chemical -was O -found O -on O -the O -5 O -, O -15 O -and O -45th O -experimental O -days O -and O -to O -strychnine B-Chemical -only O -on O -the O -5 O -and O -45th O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Adynamics O -in O -response O -to O -caffeine B-Chemical -developed O -in O -experimental O -rats O -later O -than O -in O -the O -controls O -( O -on O -the O -15th O -day O -) O -and O -its O -duration O -changed O -cyclically O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbon O -tetrachloride O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -in O -vitro O -microsome O -composition O -and O -function O -unless O -supplemented O -with O -a O -reduced O -form O -of O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -NADPH B-Chemical -) O -generating O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -cells O -labelled O -with O -tritiated B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -was O -much O -higher O -in O -the O -normal O -individuals O -and O -patients O -with O -tuberculoid O -leprosy O -than O -in O -the O -patients O -with O -lepromatous O -leprosy O -with O -the O -borderline O -group O -placed O -in O -between O -the O -two O -. O - -aps B-category -ATP O -and O -other O -nucleotide B-Chemical -interaction O -with O -model O -compounds O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -- O -dependency O -in O -diffusion O -of O -some O -weakly O -acidic O -drugs O -, O -warfarin B-Chemical -, O -sulfaethidole O -, O -and O -barbital O -, O -into O -organic O -phases O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -LSD O -and O -2 O -- O -bromo O -LSD O -on O -striatal O -DOPAC B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -( O -NADH O -) O -or O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -NADPH B-Chemical -) O -( O -0 O -. O -87 O -mM O -) O -served O -as O -electron O -donors O -, O -and O -effectively O -prompted O -the O -delta6 O -- O -desaturase O -activities O -with O -yields O -of O -about O -1 O -. O -1 O -to O -1 O -. O -3 O -nmol O -per O -mg O -of O -protein O -in O -10 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Saturation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -observed O -at O -1 O -. O -8 O -mM O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -( O -ATP O -) O -and O -the O -double O -reciprocal O -plot O -of O -activity O -vs O -. O -ATP O -concentration O -was O -nonlinear O -giving O -two O -apparent O -Km O -values O -of O -0 O -. O -094 O -and O -0 O -. O -518 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -comparable O -external O -work O -loads O -with O -a O -bicycle O -ergometer O -, O -the O -lean O -men O -required O -less O -oxygen B-Chemical -than O -the O -obese O -men O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -efficiency O -of O -exercise O -as O -assessed O -by O -the O -relation O -between O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -work O -did O -not O -differ O -between O -the O -two O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -concentrations O -tended O -to O -be O -higher O -in O -the O -obese O -men O -, O -but O -fell O -to O -constant O -levels O -in O -both O -groups O -during O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -report O -demonstrates O -that O -paradoxical O -reactions O -to O -the O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -class O -of O -minor O -tranquilizer O -can O -occur O -, O -and O -that O -lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -derivative O -, O -is O -not O -free O -from O -this O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -- O -an O -investigational O -drug O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -duodenal O -ulcer O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -90 O -% O -2H2O O -the O -stability O -of O -the O -complex O -increases O -approximately O -four O -- O -fold O -, O -which O -points O -to O -the O -large O -contribution O -of O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonds O -to O -the O -free O -energy O -of O -the O -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degree O -of O -purification O -of O -the O -preparations O -of O -RNA O -and O -the O -presence O -of O -EDTA O -in O -the O -solutions O -affected O -the O -form O -of O -the O -dependence O -of O -the O -mp O -on O -the O -logarithm O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -very O -strongly O -, O -especially O -in O -the O -region O -of O -low O -ionic O -strengths O -. O - -aps B-category -Individual O -enzyme O -- O -inhibitor O -complexes O -with O -characteristic O -absorption O -spectra O -have O -been O -obtained O -as O -a O -result O -of O -the O -reaction O -of O -the O -apoenzyme O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -with O -Nalpha O -- O -( O -5 O -' O -- O -phosphopyridoxyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -Nalpha O -- O -( O -5 O -' O -- O -phosphopyridoxyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -and O -Nalpha O -- O -( O -5 O -' O -- O -phosphopyridoxyl O -) O -- O -L O -- O -pyroglutamic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -shown O -that O -the O -complexes O -formed O -by O -the O -last O -two O -inhibitors O -are O -reactivated O -by O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -that O -the O -inhibitor O -can O -be O -released O -under O -mild O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dephosphorylation O -of O -the O -inhibitor O -has O -been O -associated O -both O -with O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -a O -phosphate B-Chemical -bond O -involving O -the O -enzyme O -and O -with O -the O -phosphorylation O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -obtained O -have O -been O -interpreted O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -an O -assumption O -that O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -group O -of O -the O -coenzyme O -has O -an O -active O -role O -in O -the O -enzymatic O -transamination O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -has O -suggested O -that O -its O -introduction O -weakens O -the O -helix O -- O -stabilizing O -interactions O -between O -the O -uncharged O -Glu O -residues O -( O -apparently O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonds O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -genetic O -effects O -of O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -D O -( O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dichlorophenoxyacetic O -acid O -, O -Na O -salt B-Chemical -) O -have O -been O -investigated O -in O -cells O -of O -the O -yeast O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -and O -of O -the O -bacterium O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -in O -experiments O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -azide O -( O -1 O -to O -50 O -mM O -) O -, O -adjusted O -to O -pH O -3 O -and O -applied O -for O -2 O -h O -to O -presoaked O -barley O -seeds O -, O -induced O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -frequency O -of O -single O -- O -strand O -breaks O -in O -DNA O -of O -non O -- O -germinating O -embryos O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sedimentation O -rate O -( O -in O -alkaline O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -) O -of O -calf O -thymus O -DNA O -treated O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -azide O -at O -pH O -3 O -, O -was O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -the O -control O -DNA O -treated O -with O -buffer O -( O -pH O -3 O -) O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -homogenate O -of O -the O -islands O -of O -Langerhans O -of O -rat O -and O -man O -catalized O -the O -hyppuril B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -splitting O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -4 O -- O -5 O -. O -8 O -and O -6 O -. O -8 O -- O -7 O -. O -2 O -which O -was O -completely O -blocked O -with O -N O -- O -ethyl O -maleimide O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increase O -of O -the O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -level O -in O -the O -organism O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -to O -the O -intact O -and O -adrenalectomized O -animals O -led O -to O -increase O -of O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -in O -the O -tissues O -under O -study O -; O -the O -effect O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -action O -depended O -on O -the O -initial O -hormonal O -background O -in O -the O -organism O -and O -the O -duration O -of O -the O -hormone O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -monomeric O -form O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -in O -human O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -Phage O -assembly O -in O -vitro O -requires O -magnesium B-Chemical -and O -as O -yet O -an O -unidentified O -heat O -- O -stable O -cofactor O -of O -low O -molecular O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adenylate O -cyclase O -- O -coupled O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -of O -frog O -erythrocyte O -membranes O -have O -been O -identified O -by O -direct O -radioligand O -binding O -techniques O -using O -the O -potent O -catecholamine B-Chemical -agonist O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -[ O -3H O -] O -hydroxybenzylisproterenol O -( O -2 O -- O -[ O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydroxyphenyl O -] O -- O -2 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -1 O -' O -, O -1 O -' O -- O -dimethyl O -- O -2 O -' O -- O -[ O -4 O -- O -hydroxyphenyl O -] O -- O -diethylamine O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -previous O -problems O -in O -accomplishing O -successful O -catecholamine B-Chemical -binding O -to O -the O -beta O -- O -receptors O -have O -been O -overcome O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -nucleotide B-Chemical -, O -however O -, O -dissociation O -is O -rapid O -and O -complete O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -four O -hours O -after O -rats O -receive O -choline B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -( O -20 O -mmol O -/ O -kg O -, O -by O -stomach O -tube O -) O -the O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -[ O -tyrosine B-Chemical -3 O -- O -monooxygenase O -; O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -, O -tetrahydropteridine O -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -( O -3 O -- O -hydroxylating O -) O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -14 O -. O -16 O -. O -2 O -] O -increases O -by O -31 O -% O -within O -adrenomedullary O -chromaffin O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -daily O -administration O -of O -10 O -or O -20 O -mmol O -/ O -kg O -of O -choline B-Chemical -for O -4 O -days O -elevates O -adrenal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -by O -29 O -% O -or O -51 O -% O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -demonstrate O -that O -the O -increase O -in O -presynaptic O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -levels O -produced O -by O -giving O -animals O -the O -neurotransmitter O -' O -s O -precursor O -( O -choline B-Chemical -) O -can O -be O -associated O -with O -parallel O -changes O -in O -the O -transmission O -of O -signals O -across O -cholinergic O -synapses O -, O -probably O -because O -more O -of O -the O -transmitter O -is O -released O -per O -nerve O -impulse O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -the O -direct O -binding O -of O -a O -radiolabeled O -antagonist O -, O -( O -- O -) O -[ O -3H O -] O -alprenolol O -, O -to O -crude O -membrane O -preparations O -, O -and O -a O -physiological O -response O -( O -cellular O -cyclic O -AMP O -levels O -) O -, O -I O -demonstrated O -a O -catecholamine B-Chemical -( O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -) O -hormone O -receptor O -site O -coupled O -to O -a O -catecholamine B-Chemical -responsive O -adenylate O -cyclase O -[ O -ATP O -pyrophosphate O -- O -lyase O -( O -cyclizing O -) O -, O -EC O -4 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -] O -on O -3T3 O -and O -simian O -virus O -40 O -( O -SV40 O -) O -- O -transformed O -3T3 O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -was O -also O -a O -potent O -agonist O -on O -3T3 O -cells O -( O -8 O -- O -fold O -stimulation O -) O -, O -but O -SV3T3 O -cells O -showed O -a O -lesser O -( O -2 O -- O -fold O -) O -response O -to O -this O -hormone O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -difference O -was O -not O -due O -to O -differences O -in O -plasma O -testosterone B-Chemical -levels O -between O -the O -strains O -, O -and O -the O -enzymes O -from O -the O -two O -strains O -had O -similar O -pH O -optima O -, O -substrate O -specificities O -, O -heat O -stabilities O -, O -and O -apparent O -Michaelis O -constants O -. O - -aps B-category -Generation O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -by O -turnover O -seems O -to O -be O -important O -for O -sporulation O -because O -the O -number O -of O -spores O -produced O -by O -the O -mutant O -is O -increased O -4 O -- O -to O -10 O -- O -fold O -by O -addition O -of O -casamino O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chromophores O -of O -the O -soluble O -enzyme O -( O -flavin O -and O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfur I-Chemical -centers O -) O -are O -reduced O -by O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -to O -the O -same O -extent O -. O - -aps B-category -31P O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -studies O -of O -glycogen O -phosphorylase O -from O -rabbit O -skeletal O -muscle O -: O -ionization O -states O -of O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -succinate O -as O -a O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -and O -in O -a O -N2 O -environment O -, O -pHin O -- O -pHex O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -ATPase O -( O -adenosinetriphosphatase O -; O -ATP O -phosphohydrolase O -; O -EC O -3 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -) O -inhibitor O -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide O -, O -pHin O -remained O -equal O -to O -pHex O -even O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cytosolic O -binder O -cochromatographed O -with O -N5 O -- O -methyltetrahydrofolate O -: O -homocysteine O -methyltransferase O -activity O -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltetrahydropteroyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -: O -L O -- O -homocysteine O -S O -- O -methyltransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -13 O -) O -; O -the O -mitochondrial O -one O -with O -methylmalonyl O -CoA O -mutase O -activity O -( O -methylmalonyl O -- O -CoA O -CoA O -- O -carbonylmutase O -, O -EC O -5 O -. O -4 O -. O -99 O -. O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Inactivation O -, O -which O -is O -prevented O -by O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -substrates O -( O -but O -not O -by O -acceptor O -substrates O -) O -, O -is O -accelerated O -by O -maleate B-Chemical -, O -which O -was O -previously O -shown O -to O -enhance O -utilization O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -by O -transpeptidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Recognition O -of O -two O -intracellular O -cobalamin O -binding O -proteins O -and O -their O -identification O -as O -methylmalonyl O -- O -CoA O -mutase O -and O -methionine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Gradient O -elution O -from O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -reveals O -that O -90 O -- O -- O -95 O -% O -of O -the O -ICB O -- O -- O -Cbl O -elutes O -with O -methylmalonyl O -- O -CoA O -mutase O -and O -5 O -- O -- O -10 O -% O -elutes O -with O -methionine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -studies O -indicate O -that O -mammalian O -cells O -contain O -two O -ICBs O -, O -that O -these O -proteins O -are O -methylmalonyl O -- O -CoA O -mutase O -and O -methionine B-Chemical -synthetase O -, O -and O -that O -the O -primary O -abnormality O -in O -the O -group O -of O -patients O -mentioned O -above O -lies O -at O -a O -step O -that O -is O -common O -to O -the O -formation O -of O -both O -Cbl O -coenzymes O -and O -that O -precedes O -the O -stable O -binding O -of O -Cbl O -to O -both O -methylmalonyl O -- O -CoA O -mutase O -and O -methionine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Bovine O -adrenal O -cortical O -tissue O -contains O -a O -lipoidal O -derivative O -of O -pregnenolone O -( O -3beta O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -pregn O -- O -5 O -- O -en O -- O -20 O -- O -one O -) O -from O -which O -the O -free O -steroid B-Chemical -can O -be O -liberated O -by O -treatment O -with O -alkali B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -steroid B-Chemical -was O -identified O -by O -both O -gas O -chromatography O -/ O -mass O -spectrometry O -and O -double O -isotope O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -the O -only O -known O -metabolic O -function O -of O -pregnenolone O -is O -to O -serve O -as O -a O -precursor O -of O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -hormones O -, O -these O -findings O -have O -far O -- O -reaching O -implications O -for O -steroid B-Chemical -hormone O -biochemistry O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -explanation O -for O -the O -increased O -cGMP B-Chemical -immunofluorescence O -was O -sought O -in O -experiments O -in O -which O -guanylate O -cyclase O -[ O -GTP O -pyrophosphate O -- O -lyase O -( O -cyclizing O -) O -, O -EC O -4 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -] O -activity O -of O -hepatic O -subcellular O -fractions O -was O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -glucagon O -altered O -both O -cAMP B-Chemical -location O -and O -levels O -prior O -to O -the O -observed O -changes O -in O -nuclear O -cGMP B-Chemical -metabolism O -, O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -cAMP B-Chemical -acted O -as O -the O -second O -messenger O -was O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -nuclei O -isolated O -from O -glucagon O -- O -treated O -rats O -, O -no O -significant O -increase O -in O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -observed O -; O -this O -indicates O -that O -maximal O -stimulation O -of O -nuclear O -guanylate O -cyclase O -by O -cAMP B-Chemical -occurred O -at O -levels O -that O -are O -obtained O -in O -vivo O -after O -glucagon O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -batrachotoxin O -on O -the O -electroplax O -of O -electric O -eel O -: O -evidence O -for O -voltage O -- O -dependent O -interaction O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -channels O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -- O -or O -- O -none O -depolarizations O -arising O -from O -either O -electrical O -stimulation O -or O -depolarizing O -agents O -are O -unaffected O -by O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tubocurarine I-Chemical -but O -are O -completely O -reversed O -by O -tetrodotoxin O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -striking O -hysteresis O -cycle O -thus O -can O -be O -generated O -, O -which O -is O -strongly O -indicative O -of O -a O -voltage O -- O -dependent O -interaction O -of O -the O -toxin O -with O -the O -action O -potential O -sodium B-Chemical -channels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -insulin O -upon O -the O -metabolism O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -by O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -H1 O -- O -and O -H2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -histamine I-Chemical -receptor O -antagonists O -and O -protection O -against O -traumatic O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -peripheral O -administration O -of O -the O -psychotomimetic O -drug O -phencyclidine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -- O -( O -phenylcyclohexyl O -) O -piperidine O -hydrochloride O -) O -( O -PCP O -) O -induces O -a O -dose O -- O -related O -ipsilateral O -rotation O -in O -unilateral O -substantia O -nigra O -electrolytically O -- O -lesioned O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Pimozide B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -also O -inhibitied O -the O -rotation O -, O -but O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -motor O -effects O -of O -intraventricular O -infusion O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -etonitazene O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraventricular O -morphine B-Chemical -infusions O -resulted O -in O -explosive O -motor O -behavior O -whereas O -etonitazene O -produced O -extreme O -muscular O -rigidity O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -considerations O -of O -the O -dose O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -the O -mobility O -of O -this O -drug O -in O -tissue O -suggests O -that O -sites O -other O -than O -the O -PAG O -may O -also O -be O -involved O -in O -explosive O -motor O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -experiments O -performed O -on O -rats O -, O -single O -subcutaneous O -doses O -of O -predominantly O -antidopaminergic O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -( O -fluspirilene O -, O -pimozide O -, O -and O -thioproperazine O -in O -large O -doses O -) O -elicited O -persistent O -diestrus O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -pseudopregnancy O -implies O -a O -rise O -of O -prolactin O -secretion O -, O -our O -results O -indirectly O -indicate O -that O -PIF O -secretion O -is O -stimulated O -by O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Imipramine B-Chemical -did O -not O -produce O -any O -significant O -effect O -in O -this O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -each O -block O -, O -the O -patient O -received O -diazepam B-Chemical -1 O -week O -and O -placebo O -the O -other O -, O -with O -the O -order O -in O -each O -block O -determined O -at O -random O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -placebo I-Chemical -differences O -on O -each O -criterion O -were O -analyzed O -between O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -criteria O -that O -showed O -a O -reliable O -diazepam B-Chemical -effect O -included O -SCL O -Depression O -( O -decrease O -) O -, O -POMS O -Vigor O -( O -increase O -) O -, O -POMS O -Fatigue O -( O -decrease O -) O -, O -SCL O -Anger O -( O -increase O -) O -, O -and O -reaction O -time O -( O -increase O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -a O -pH O -of O -7 O -. O -2 O -and O -normal O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -, O -there O -was O -a O -moderate O -decrease O -in O -colony O -formation O -with O -increasing O -duration O -of O -hyperthermic O -treatment O -( O -To O -= O -65 O -min O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -against O -the O -release O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -material O -from O -isolated O -intestinal O -tissue O -by O -pure O -cholera O -toxin O -. O - -aps B-category -Multiple O -molecular O -forms O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -15 O -- O -hydroxydehydrogenase O -and O -9 O -- O -ketoreductase O -in O -chicken O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -preferred O -cofactors O -are O -NADP O -+ O -or O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Flavin O -mononucleotide O -and O -the O -flavonoid B-Chemical -, O -quercetin O -, O -as O -well O -as O -indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -ethacrynic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -and O -furosemide B-Chemical -, O -inhibit O -all O -three O -9 O -- O -ketoreductases O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -membrane O -receptor O -sites O -for O -serotonin B-Chemical -in O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Ths O -busynaptosomal O -localization O -of O -the O -binding O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -bovine O -midbrain O -preparations O -was O -compared O -to O -that O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -found O -to O -be O -considerably O -higher O -. O - -aps B-category -Membrane O -particles O -labeled O -with O -[ O -14C O -] O -tryptamine O -or O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -in O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -borohydride O -( O -NaBH4 O -) O -were O -extracted O -with O -chloroform B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methanol I-Chemical -( O -C O -- O -M O -) O -2 O -: O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -eluted O -, O -lyophilized O -material O -of O -this O -fraction O -was O -extracted O -by O -chloroform B-Chemical -methanol O -( O -2 O -: O -1 O -) O -thus O -suggesting O -its O -proteo O -- O -lipid O -nature O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -4th O -, O -5th O -, O -and O -6th O -30 O -min O -periods O -the O -acid O -instillate O -contained O -5 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glucagon O -, O -50 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -subcutaneously O -was O -given O -during O -irrigation O -with O -aspirin B-Chemical -and O -again O -1 O -hour O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucagon O -significantly O -decreased O -mucosal O -blood O -flow O -and O -the O -hemorrhage O -and O -loss O -of O -plasma O -protein O -into O -the O -instillate O -induced O -by O -aspirin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -preservatives O -containing O -adenine O -for O -six O -week O -storage O -have O -been O -prepared O -with O -inosine O -and O -methylene O -blue O -at O -various O -pH O -levels O -in O -order O -to O -maintain O -, O -23 O -- O -DPG O -levels O -for O -immediate O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -upon O -transfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduction O -of O -the O -gastric O -acid O -response O -to O -insulin O -hypoglycaemia O -by O -intragastric O -acidification O -corresponded O -to O -a O -reduced O -volume O -secretion O -and O -could O -not O -be O -ascribed O -to O -increased O -back O -diffusion O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -or O -duodenal O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulatory O -effect O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -non O -- O -intrinsic O -factor O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -binder O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -PE O -corrects O -the O -malabsorption O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -in O -CPI O -by O -an O -effect O -on O -non O -- O -IF O -B12 O -- O -binders O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenalectomy O -did O -not O -lead B-Chemical -to O -diminished O -percentages O -of O -theta O -- O -positive O -cells O -in O -the O -bone O -marrow O -of O -neonatally O -thymectomized O -mice O -, O -and O -the O -serum O -levels O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -and O -corticosterone B-Chemical -were O -within O -normal O -ranges O -in O -thymus O -- O -deprived O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -commonly O -used O -buffering O -agent O -tris O -( O -hydroxymethyl O -) O -methylamine O -( O -tris O -) O -antagonizes O -the O -action O -of O -iontophoretically O -applied O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -on O -neurons O -of O -Aplysia O -californica O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -a O -sodium B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -preparation O -in O -two O -dosage O -regimens O -( O -4 O -g O -4 O -times O -daily O -and O -8 O -g O -4 O -times O -daily O -) O -and O -of O -an O -aluminium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -magnesium I-Chemical -hydroxide O -suspension O -( O -15 O -ml O -4 O -times O -daily O -) O -on O -the O -urinary O -pH O -of O -19 O -healthy O -subjects O -were O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -pH O -values O -as O -high O -as O -8 O -were O -reached O -with O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -Interpretation O -of O -alveolar O -- O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -difference O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -113 O -studies O -, O -changes O -in O -alveolar O -- O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -difference O -in O -29 O -patients O -were O -in O -the O -opposite O -direction O -to O -changes O -in O -shunt O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -126 O -studies O -, O -the O -shunt O -fraction O -determined O -from O -arterial O -and O -mixed O -venous O -oxygen B-Chemical -contents O -in O -71 O -patients O -was O -greater O -when O -determined O -on O -100 O -% O -oxygen B-Chemical -than O -when O -determined O -on O -room O -air O -, O -a O -possible O -indication O -of O -the O -induction O -of O -alveolar O -or O -small O -airway O -collapse O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -furosemide B-Chemical -on O -the O -flow O -and O -composition O -of O -bile O -in O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -milligrams O -per O -kilogram O -of O -body O -weight O -of O -furosemide B-Chemical -were O -injected O -intravenously O -to O -anesthetized O -dogs O -with O -a O -previously O -constructed O -fistula O -of O -the O -common O -bile O -duct O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -choleretic O -effect O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -high O -increase O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -chloride B-Chemical -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -anions O -and O -with O -a O -smaller O -increase O -in O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -phosphorus B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -inhibition O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -reabsorption O -by O -furosemide B-Chemical -simultaneously O -affects O -the O -liver O -and O -kidney O -and O -that O -the O -increase O -in O -electrolyte O -solution O -is O -most O -likely O -caused O -by O -the O -inhibition O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -reabsorption O -in O -the O -ductuli O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -release O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -formation O -were O -related O -to O -the O -prolongation O -of O -warm O -ischemia O -, O -and O -the O -highly O -significant O -concentration O -differences O -of O -these O -substances O -, O -between O -well O -functioning O -kidneys O -and O -those O -with O -small O -or O -no O -function O -, O -indicated O -the O -viability O -of O -the O -organ O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -that O -liquid O -- O -stored O -erythrocytes O -show O -an O -augmented O -tendency O -to O -agglomerate O -in O -0 O -. O -24M O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -the O -cells O -age O -, O -higher O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -is O -required O -to O -prevent O -agglomeration O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -depletion O -of O -the O -ATP O -of O -fresh O -cells O -with O -fluoride B-Chemical -does O -not O -induce O -agglomeration O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Glucose B-Chemical -transport O -across O -the O -mucosa O -of O -the O -small O -intestine O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absorption O -rate O -of O -5 O -per O -cent O -glucose B-Chemical -solution O -did O -not O -materially O -change O -for O -one O -hour O -after O -a O -sugar O -load O -. O - -aps B-category -Hexobarbital O -anesthesia O -depresses O -absorption O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -the O -intestine O -by O -a O -factor O -of O -2 O -- O -3 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -brain O -damage O -experimentally O -induced O -by O -balloon O -compression O -, O -liquor O -of O -the O -cistern O -shows O -a O -metabolic O -acidosis O -with O -significantly O -increased O -lactate B-Chemical -level O -and O -L O -/ O -P O -quotient O -, O -and O -statistically O -distinct O -decrease O -of O -pH O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -, O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -pH O -the O -fluorescence O -changes O -of O -beta O -- O -methylumbelliferone O -were O -monitored O -, O -for O -pO2 O -the O -fluoresence O -quenching O -of O -pyrene O -butyric O -acid O -by O -oxygen B-Chemical -were O -registered O -. O - -aps B-category -Lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -( O -LPS O -) O -administered O -to O -mice O -during O -the O -graft O -- O -versus O -- O -host O -( O -GvH O -) O -reaction O -in O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -100 O -mug O -stimulated O -the O -reaction O -if O -it O -was O -given O -on O -the O -same O -day O -as O -the O -parental O -spleen O -cells O -, O -or O -inhibited O -it O -if O -given O -four O -days O -before O -injection O -of O -the O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Pigment O -Formation O -by O -Trichophyton O -rubrum O -: O -Differentiation O -between O -T O -. O -rubrum O -and O -T O -. O -mentagrophytes O -on O -Serum B-Chemical -Albumin I-Chemical -Agar O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Disposition O -of O -three O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -after O -single O -oral O -administration O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serum O -concentrations O -of O -oxazepam B-Chemical -, O -N O -- O -desmethyldiazepam O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -were O -followed O -for O -72 O -hours O -by O -gas O -chromatography O -and O -electron O -capture O -detection O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serum O -concentration O -decay O -curves O -were O -biphasic O -with O -terminal O -mean O -half O -- O -lives O -of O -48 O -, O -62 O -and O -11 O -hours O -for O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -N O -- O -desmethyldiazepam O -and O -oxazepam B-Chemical -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Convulsive O -therapy O -caused O -a O -disorder O -in O -cerebral O -carbohydrate O -metabolism O -while O -no O -similar O -changes O -were O -induced O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -coma O -. O - -aps B-category -Urate B-Chemical -oxidase O -was O -mostly O -recovered O -in O -a O -40 O -000 O -g O -for O -20 O -min O -subcellular O -fraction O -from O -conventional O -homogenated O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -acetylsalicylate B-Chemical -on O -alkalinization O -, O -acid O -secretion O -and O -electrogenic O -properties O -in O -the O -isolated O -gastric O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -gastric O -antrum O -alkalinized O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -surface O -, O -while O -in O -the O -fundus O -it O -is O -likely O -that O -acidificaiton O -and O -alkalinization O -occur O -simultaneously O -and O -that O -net O -secretion O -is O -due O -to O -the O -dominance O -of O -one O -or O -other O -of O -these O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -caused O -slight O -inhibtion O -of O -spontaneous O -acid O -secretion O -in O -Necturus O -fundus O -but O -not O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -acid O -secretion O -in O -the O -frog O -fundus O -. O - -aps B-category -administration O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -0 O -. O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -b O -. O -wt O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -heart O -rate O -response O -to O -LBNP O -averaged O -48 O -% O -of O -that O -observed O -without O -blockade O -indicating O -that O -LBNP O -- O -induced O -cardioacceleration O -is O -of O -both O -sympathetic O -and O -parasympathetic O -origin O -. O - -aps B-category -Partial O -correction O -of O -hypertension O -by O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -blockade O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -phaeochromocytoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Competitive O -inhibition O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -by O -Saralasin O -does O -not O -abolish O -the O -pressor O -effect O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neurochemical O -evidence O -for O -histamine B-Chemical -acting O -as O -a O -transmitter O -in O -mammalian O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Lesion O -studies O -indicate O -that O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -neurons O -might O -constitute O -an O -ascending O -bundle O -arising O -from O -the O -brainstem O -and O -widely O -projecting O -into O -the O -whole O -telencephalon O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -- O -Methoxytryptamine O -: O -stimulation O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -receptors O -mediating O -the O -rat O -hyperactivity O -syndrome O -and O -blood O -platelet O -aggregation O -. O - -aps B-category -Eelctrophysiological O -studies O -of O -the O -action O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transmitters O -on O -spinal O -neurons O -in O -tissue O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucorticoids O -at O -concentrations O -above O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -stimulate O -the O -uptake O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -by O -brain O -synaptosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -in O -its O -immediate O -action O -, O -the O -hormone O -may O -rapidly O -regulate O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -synthesis O -through O -an O -increased O -uptake O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -by O -nerve O -terminals O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -neurobiological O -role O -for O -a O -protein O -activator O -of O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -. O - -aps B-category -PDEA O -is O -released O -by O -cAMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -phosphorylation O -of O -the O -activator O -- O -binding O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -protein O -decreases O -severalfold O -the O -Km O -for O -cAMP B-Chemical -of O -the O -high O -Km O -activator O -- O -sensitive O -PDE O -. O - -aps B-category -Cellular O -depolarization O -and O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -content O -in O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Much O -data O -, O -which O -are O -reviewed O -in O -the O -present O -chapter O -, O -suggest O -that O -cellular O -depolarization O -leads O -to O -elevation O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -and O -cGMP B-Chemical -levels O -by O -two O -different O -and O -unrelated O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -present O -, O -one O -cannot O -ascertain O -whether O -or O -not O -other O -factors O -contribute O -to O -the O -increase O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -content O -resulting O -from O -cellular O -depolarization O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -effects O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -, O -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -and O -other O -divalent O -cations O -on O -the O -cGMP B-Chemical -response O -suggest O -a O -close O -relationship O -between O -the O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -and O -some O -process O -associated O -with O -release O -of O -one O -or O -more O -yet O -undefined O -neurotransmitters O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -regulatory O -mechanisms O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -sympathetic O -ganglia O -and O -carotid O -body O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexamethasone B-Chemical -also O -increases O -the O -activity O -of O -TH O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -remains O -to O -be O -ascertained O -whether O -the O -change O -in O -the O -catalytic O -activity O -of O -PDE O -which O -metabolizes O -the O -second O -messenger O -can O -be O -suppressed O -by O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -Higher O -concentrations O -of O -the O -drug O -and O -long O -- O -term O -alpha O -- O -amanitin O -or O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -pretreatments O -, O -inhibitory O -for O -heterogenous O -nuclear O -RNA O -synthesis O -, O -prevented O -the O -establishment O -of O -the O -primed O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -Attempts O -to O -prime O -cells O -with O -pretreatments O -other O -than O -interferon B-Chemical -were O -not O -successful O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -uninfected O -WISH O -cells O -were O -treated O -for O -2 O -and O -12 O -hours O -with O -100 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -of O -SV O -, O -3H O -- O -thymidineincorporation O -was O -decreased O -, O -but O -no O -marked O -differences O -were O -observed O -in O -the O -incorporation O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -uridine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Sera O -obtained O -from O -mice O -treated O -with O -6 O -- O -MFA O -, O -an O -antiviral O -agent O -from O -Aspergillus O -ochraceus O -ATCC O -28706 O -showing O -high O -interferon B-Chemical -activity O -, O -could O -be O -transferred O -to O -healthy O -animals O -to O -make O -them O -resistant O -to O -Semliki O -Forest O -Virus O -( O -SFV O -) O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -Mineral O -oil O -( O -liquid O -paraffin O -, O -B O -. O -P O -. O -) O -administered O -prior O -to O -6 O -- O -MFA O -increased O -both O -the O -level O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -in O -serum O -and O -the O -protection O -rate O -of O -the O -treated O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -certain O -acupuncture O -loci O -which O -have O -been O -used O -for O -analgesia O -during O -operations O -also O -can O -calm O -the O -withdrawal O -symptoms O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -heroin B-Chemical -addicts O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -the O -morphine B-Chemical -receptors O -are O -most O -concentrated O -in O -those O -parts O -of O -the O -brain O -concerned O -with O -perception O -of O -pain O -and O -the O -pathway O -of O -acupuncture O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -, O -lesion O -- O -bound O -immune O -complexes O -of O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -were O -found O -in O -the O -liver O -and O -extrahepatic O -locations O -in O -77 O -patients O -( O -76 O -. O -2 O -per O -cent O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -Bacteroides O -endocarditis O -with O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -blood O -cultures O -became O -negative O -during O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -and O -clindamycin O -therapy O -there O -was O -little O -clinical O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -testing O -supported O -the O -superiority O -of O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -this O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -values O -corresponded O -to O -large O -chloroform B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -buffer I-Chemical -partition O -coefficients O -( O -49 O -and O -29 O -) O -measured O -for O -these O -two O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -large O -diffusion O -permeability O -values O -measured O -for O -meperidine B-Chemical -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -suggest O -that O -these O -compounds O -will O -diffuse O -rapidly O -between O -mother O -and O -fetus O -at O -a O -maximal O -rate O -limited O -only O -by O -uterine O -blood O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -CaCl2 B-Chemical -suppresses O -the O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -( O -PRA O -) O -response O -to O -Na O -+ O -deprivation O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -PRA O -and O -in O -vitro O -aldosterone B-Chemical -production O -by O -adrenal O -quarters O -were O -measured O -after O -a O -7 O -- O -day O -balance O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Aldosterone O -production O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -gluconate I-Chemical -and O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -loaded I-Chemical -animals O -was O -greater O -than O -that O -of O -controls O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -inhibition O -of O -PRA O -by O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -but O -not O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -gluconate I-Chemical -indicates O -that O -the O -effect O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -on O -PRA O -is O -modified O -by O -the O -accompanying O -anion O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -controlling O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -least O -60 O -% O -of O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -utilized O -was O -converted O -to O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -regardless O -of O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Utilization O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -displayed O -Michaelis O -- O -Menten O -saturation O -type O -kinetics O -with O -a O -Vmax O -of O -331 O -nmol O -/ O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -cells O -per O -h O -and O -an O -apparent O -Km O -of O -2 O -. O -4 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -substitution O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -by O -K O -+ O -or O -Li O -+ O -as O -the O -predominant O -cations O -in O -the O -incubation O -medium O -does O -not O -alter O -rates O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intracellular O -concentration O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -low O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -findings O -point O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -transport O -into O -the O -lung O -cells O -as O -a O -probable O -rate O -- O -limiting O -step O -for O -its O -metabolism O -: O -1 O -) O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -glycolytic O -enzymes O -largely O -exceeded O -the O -observed O -rate O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -; O -2 O -) O -the O -decrease O -in O -enzyme O -activity O -during O -starvation O -was O -not O -accompanied O -by O -a O -decreased O -glycolytic O -flux O -, O -suggesting O -that O -factors O -other O -than O -enzyme O -activity O -, O -perhaps O -the O -supply O -of O -fuel O -, O -are O -rate O -limiting O -in O -the O -overall O -process O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -breakdown O -; O -3 O -) O -fructose O -was O -able O -to O -increase O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -saturating O -concentrations O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -and O -lactate B-Chemical -kinetics O -in O -burn O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -an O -early O -postburn O -hyperglycemia O -that O -was O -due O -to O -an O -increased O -rate O -of O -appearance O -( O -Ra O -) O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Ra O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -rose O -rapidly O -postburn O -, O -whereas O -the O -rate O -of O -disappearance O -( O -Rd O -) O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -stayed O -at O -the O -control O -level O -for O -30 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -30 O -min O -, O -Rd O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -increased O -to O -the O -same O -level O -as O -Ra O -; O -and O -Ra O -, O -Rd O -, O -plasma O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -and O -the O -percent O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -derived O -from O -lactate B-Chemical -remained O -elevated O -for O -the O -duration O -of O -the O -experiment O -. O - -aps B-category -Computer O -simulation O -of O -ischemic O -rat O -heart O -purine B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -coronary O -flow O -rate O -during O -anoxic O -perfusion O -promotes O -washout O -of O -the O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -from O -the O -interstitial O -fluid O -so O -that O -the O -hormone O -accumulates O -to O -only O -one O -fifth O -of O -its O -highest O -level O -in O -ischemia O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -shown O -that O -neurotransmitters O -( O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -serotinin O -) O -are O -involved O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -neuroendocrine O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -total O -activities O -of O -sucrase O -, O -trehalase O -, O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -peptidase I-Chemical -, O -and O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -in O -the O -isolated O -brush O -border O -of O -the O -entire O -small O -bowel O -are O -reduced O -to O -35 O -, O -55 O -, O -33 O -, O -and O -21 O -per O -cent O -, O -respectively O -, O -of O -control O -values O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -2 O -hours O -after O -a O -45 O -minute O -occlusion O -of O -the O -superior O -mesenteric O -artery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -speed O -of O -onset O -and O -intubation O -conditions O -have O -been O -compared O -for O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -alcuronium O -0 O -- O -32 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -and O -fazadinium O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -and O -1 O -- O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -times O -to O -intubation O -for O -the O -two O -dose O -levels O -of O -fazadinium O -did O -not O -differ O -statistically O -, O -the O -higher O -dose O -was O -significantly O -slower O -in O -onset O -than O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nondepolarizing O -drug O -, O -fazadinium O -, O -may O -be O -a O -useful O -neuromuscular O -blocking O -agent O -in O -emergency O -cases O -where O -rapid O -intubation O -is O -required O -and O -when O -it O -is O -wished O -to O -avoid O -possible O -or O -probable O -adverse O -effects O -from O -the O -depolarising O -drug O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -halogenated O -hydrocarbon O -anesthetics O -, O -halothane B-Chemical -, O -chloroform B-Chemical -, O -and O -trichloroethylene O -, O -did O -not O -show O -a O -uniform O -pattern O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -in O -all O -anesthetics O -remained O -unaltered O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -either O -3 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -or O -1 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cardiac O -arrhythmicity O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -was O -compared O -in O -awake O -goats O -and O -during O -approximate O -equivalent O -levels O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -, O -enflurane B-Chemical -, O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -, O -and O -fluroxene O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Enflurane B-Chemical -anesthesia O -had O -no O -significant O -affect O -on O -the O -arrhythmic O -threshold O -dose O -for O -either O -catecholamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Epinephrine B-Chemical -produced O -greater O -elevations O -in O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -than O -dopamine B-Chemical -with O -all O -anesthetics O -except O -enflurane B-Chemical -, O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -produced O -significantly O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -higher O -heart O -rates O -in O -the O -awake O -animals O -and O -those O -anesthetized O -with O -halothane B-Chemical -and O -enflurane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Tetracaine O -, O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -, O -lidocaine B-Chemical -, O -and O -procaine B-Chemical -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Mutagenicity O -of O -halogenated O -ether B-Chemical -anesthetics O -. O - -aps B-category -Enflurane B-Chemical -, O -isoflurane B-Chemical -and O -fluroxene O -in O -concentrations O -ranging O -from O -0 O -. O -01 O -to O -30 O -per O -cent O -and O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -in O -concentrations O -ranging O -from O -0 O -. O -01 O -to O -7 O -per O -cent O -were O -incubated O -with O -bacteria O -in O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -homogenates O -of O -liver O -prepared O -from O -rats O -pretreated O -with O -the O -enzyme O -inducer O -, O -Aroclor O -1254 O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Study O -of O -a O -new O -anesthetic O -agent O -: O -Etomidate B-Chemical -( O -R O -26490 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -used O -Etomidate B-Chemical -for O -300 O -anaesthetics O -given O -for O -neuroradiological O -investigations O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -frequent O -myoclonias O -were O -noted O -, O -when O -Etomidate B-Chemical -was O -given O -as O -a O -sole O -anaesthetic O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effects O -of O -Etomidate B-Chemical -on O -ventilation O -and O -blood O -gases O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Hemodynamic O -effects O -of O -Etomidate B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Etomidate B-Chemical -was O -given O -at O -a O -0 O -. O -37 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -B O -. O -W O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Use O -of O -the O -diazepam B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pentazocine I-Chemical -( O -pentazepam O -) O -combination O -in O -anesthesiology O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -being O -used O -to O -combat O -anxiety O -and O -pentazocine B-Chemical -to O -allay O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -a O -75 O -p O -. O -100 O -fall O -in O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -in O -the O -gray O -substance O -and O -a O -parallel O -fall O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -work O -, O -the O -authors O -are O -studying O -the O -cardio O -- O -vascular O -effects O -of O -nicergoline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -work O -confirme O -thus O -the O -alphasympatholytic O -effects O -of O -nicergoline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -significant O -variation O -of O -cerebral O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -in O -both O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Those O -dynamic O -tests O -, O -either O -hypercapnic O -or O -hypertensive O -, O -allow O -, O -in O -comparing O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -variations O -with O -cerebral O -bloodflow O -variations O -, O -the O -distinction O -between O -: O -patients O -where O -metabolic O -autoregulation O -seems O -maintained O -( O -good O -prognosis O -) O -- O -( O -10 O -cases O -) O -, O -patients O -where O -metabolic O -regulation O -is O -lost O -with O -either O -" O -luxury O -perfusion O -" O -( O -14 O -cases O -) O -- O -poor O -prognosis O -, O -or O -" O -insufficient O -perfusion O -" O -( O -10 O -cases O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Strains O -MN81 O -and O -MN67 O -were O -inactivated O -by O -heat O -, O -acid O -pH O -, O -ether B-Chemical -, O -and O -chloroform B-Chemical -treatments O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -body O -position O -and O -type O -of O -ventilation O -were O -determined O -on O -arterial O -blood O -gases O -( O -PaO2 O -, O -PaCO2 O -) O -and O -pH O -during O -and O -immediately O -following O -clinical O -halothane B-Chemical -anesthesia O -in O -36 O -young O -, O -physically O -conditioned O -horses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -and O -the O -adrenocorticotropic O -hormone O -stimulation O -test O -were O -normal O -, O -and O -there O -was O -no O -evidence O -of O -dehydration O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Macrokinetic O -equations O -of O -pH O -effect O -on O -the O -growth O -of O -Actinomyces O -aureofaciens O -and O -biosynthesis O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -showed O -their O -effect O -irrespective O -of O -the O -subsrate O -concentration O -in O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -- O -dependence O -of O -kinetic O -parameters O -of O -enzymatic O -hydrolysis O -of O -benzylpenicillin B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Penicillin B-Chemical -amidase O -from O -E O -. O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Beaf O -- O -peptone O -broth O -and O -some O -of O -its O -modifications O -, O -one O -of O -which O -is O -a O -simple O -and O -in O -expensive O -one O -to O -a O -leser O -extent O -binding O -to O -antibiotics O -, O -such O -as O -penicillin B-Chemical -, O -oxytetracycline O -and O -streptomycin B-Chemical -and O -providing O -sufficient O -growth O -of O -the O -test O -microbes O -were O -used O -to O -determine O -the O -antibiotic O -activity O -with O -the O -methods O -of O -serial O -dilutions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -aerosol O -showed O -its O -relative O -innocuousness O -: O -it O -did O -not O -inhibit O -the O -growth O -and O -development O -of O -young O -animals O -, O -did O -not O -induce O -pathological O -changes O -in O -the O -upper O -respiratory O -tract O -, O -kidneys O -, O -liver O -, O -heart O -and O -spleen O -on O -its O -prolonged O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -gentamicin B-Chemical -aerosols O -prepared O -from O -solutions O -of O -different O -concentrations O -( O -1 O -to O -50 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -) O -induced O -ingibition O -of O -the O -ciliated O -epithelium O -function O -at O -average O -from O -15 O -to O -35 O -per O -cent O -which O -was O -associated O -with O -the O -solution O -acidity O -( O -pH O -4 O -. O -54 O -to O -4 O -. O -82 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Asparaginase O -activity O -was O -increased O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -, O -or O -commercial O -- O -grade O -monosodium B-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -critical O -oxygen B-Chemical -transfer O -rate O -essential O -for O -asparaginase O -formation O -was O -identified O -, O -and O -a O -fermentation O -procedure O -is O -described O -in O -which O -enzyme O -synthesis O -is O -controlled O -by O -aeration O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -medium O -containing O -magnesium B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -tap O -water O -, O -and O -methanol O -supported O -the O -growth O -of O -the O -isolate O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -formaldehyde O -on O -the O -specific O -growth O -rate O -was O -much O -greater O -than O -that O -of O -formate O -, O -the O -organism O -utilized O -formaldehyde O -, O -but O -not O -formate O -, O -as O -a O -sole O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -energy O -source O -in O -batch O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -cells O -compared O -favorably O -with O -the O -reference O -levels O -for O -the O -essential O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -specific O -by O -the O -Food O -and O -Agricultural O -Organization O -of O -the O -United O -Nations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -of O -methane O -produced O -was O -proportional O -to O -the O -concentration O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -added O -. O - -aps B-category -H2 O -was O -not O -deith O -the O -phenomenon O -of O -interspecies O -hydrogen B-Chemical -transfer O -. O - -aps B-category -Interrelations O -between O -pH O -and O -temperature O -for O -the O -catalytic O -rate O -of O -the O -M4 O -lsozyme O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -27 O -) O -from O -goldfish O -( O -Carassius O -auratus O -L O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -and O -partial O -charaterization O -of O -an O -NADP O -- O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding O -protein O -from O -human O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -alprenolol O -, O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -and O -practolol O -, O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -given O -by O -mouth O -, O -on O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -were O -investigated O -over O -a O -24 O -- O -hr O -period O -in O -5 O -conscious O -renal O -hypertensive O -dogs O -, O -using O -a O -cross O -- O -over O -design O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pindolol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -tachycardia O -and O -hypotension O -were O -not O -suppressed O -significantly O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -The O -hypotension O -and O -tachycardia O -observed O -after O -oral O -administration O -of O -D O -- O -32 O -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -or O -after O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -p O -- O -OH O -D O -- O -32 O -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -min O -for O -5 O -min O -) O -were O -also O -not O -modified O -significantly O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Noradrenaline O -, O -20 O -microng O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -, O -increased O -cardiac O -but O -not O -vascular O -cyclic O -AMP O -levels O -; O -this O -selective O -effect O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -was O -not O -altered O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -partition O -hypothesis O -was O -applied O -to O -the O -absorption O -of O -ionizable O -local O -anesthetic O -amines B-Chemical -through O -the O -subcutaneous O -( O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -route O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extent O -of O -unionization O -is O -governed O -by O -the O -pka O -of O -each O -of O -these O -drugs O -; O -at O -the O -high O -feasible O -pH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -procaine I-Chemical -which O -is O -least O -unionized O -- O -- O -its O -s O -. O -c O -. O -absorption O -rate O -is O -nearly O -a O -third O -of O -that O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -or O -tetracaine O -. O - -aps B-category -Charbon O -dioxide O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -presence O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -( O -air O -) O -the O -phototactic O -reaction O -values O -are O -somewhat O -lower O -than O -in O -its O -absence O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -some O -cases O -, O -this O -enzyme O -permitted O -algae O -to O -overcome O -the O -inhibitory O -effects O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymes O -from O -strains O -7003 O -and O -7120 O -had O -greater O -activity O -on O -benzyl O -penicillin B-Chemical -and O -other O -penicillins B-Chemical -than O -on O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -regulation O -of O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Paracoccus O -denitrifcans O -grown O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -/ O -nitrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -activities O -have O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -pH O -9 O -. O -6 O -( O -Glycine O -/ O -NaOH B-Chemical -buffer O -) O -and O -neither O -demonstrates O -a O -Mg2 O -+ O -requirement O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphoenolpyruvate O -inhibits O -both O -activities O -in O -a O -competitive O -manner O -with O -respect O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -of O -the O -two O -activities O -are O -inhibited O -by O -100 O -muM O -NADH O -but O -both O -are O -inhibited O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -type O -of O -union O -between O -cast O -gold B-Chemical -and O -an O -electroformed O -gold B-Chemical -matrix O -in O -an O -inlay O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -biotin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -enzymes O -in O -the O -fatty O -liver O -and O -kidney O -syndrome O -of O -young O -chicks O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -is O -increased O -, O -but O -when O -the O -dietary O -deficiency O -of O -biotin B-Chemical -produces O -biotin B-Chemical -levels O -which O -are O -below O -0 O -- O -8 O -mug O -/ O -g O -of O -liver O -, O -the O -activity O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -carboxylase O -may O -be O -insufficient O -to O -completely O -metabolize O -pyruvate B-Chemical -via O -gluconeogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -lactate B-Chemical -accumulates O -and O -there O -is O -increased O -synthesis O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -and O -an O -accumulation O -of O -palmitoleic O -acid O -; O -these O -steps O -are O -accomplished O -by O -increased O -activities O -of O -at O -least O -the O -following O -enzymes O -: O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -, O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -decarboxylating O -) O -( O -NADP O -+ O -) O -and O -the O -desaturase O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -intramuscular O -injections O -on O -plasma O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -( O -CK O -) O -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -transferase I-Chemical -, O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -and O -hydroxybutyrate O -dehydrogenase O -concentrations O -were O -examined O -in O -19 O -patients O -given O -intramuscular O -premedication O -for O -gastroscopy O -, O -and O -18 O -patients O -given O -other O -intramuscular O -injections O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -changes O -in O -the O -pH O -of O -Tyrode O -' O -s O -solution O -on O -the O -responses O -of O -isolated O -guinea O -pig O -ileum O -preparation O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -histamine B-Chemical -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -lower O -pH O -levels O -( O -increased O -acidity O -) O -, O -the O -response O -of O -the O -tissue O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -was O -increased O -but O -that O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -the O -enzymic O -reaction O -of O -an O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -purified O -from O -the O -marine O -bacterium O -Photobacterium O -leiognathi O -was O -studied O -by O -using O -pulse O -radiolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -cases O -, O -identical O -values O -of O -the O -second O -- O -order O -rate O -constant O -for O -reaction O -between O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -and O -the O -superoxide B-Chemical -ion O -in O -the O -pH O -range O -6 O -. O -2 O -- O -9 O -. O -0 O -( O -k O -= O -5 O -. O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -8 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -- O -S O -- O -1 O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -) O -were O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Turnover O -experiments O -demonstrate O -that O -only O -that O -fraction O -of O -the O -ferric O -iron B-Chemical -that O -is O -reduced O -by O -H2O2 B-Chemical -is O -involved O -in O -the O -catalysis O -, O -being O -alternately O -oxidized O -and O -reduced O -by O -O2 O -; O -both O -the O -oxidation O -and O -the O -reduction O -steps O -have O -a O -rate O -constant O -equal O -to O -that O -measured O -under O -turnover O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -interpretation O -is O -discused O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -stoicheiometry O -reported O -for O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutases O -prepared O -from O -several O -other O -organisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Initial O -- O -rate O -studies O -of O -the O -reduction O -of O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -by O -NADH O -, O -catalysed O -by O -yeast O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -were O -performed O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -9 O -and O -9 O -. O -9 O -, O -in O -various O -buffers O -, O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -results O -are O -discussed O -in O -terms O -of O -the O -mechanism O -previously O -proposed O -for O -the O -pH O -range O -5 O -. O -9 O -- O -8 O -. O -9 O -[ O -Dickenson O -& O -amp O -; O -Dickinson O -( O -1975 O -) O -Biochem O -. O - -aps B-category -Estimates O -of O -the O -rate O -constant O -for O -reaction O -of O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -with O -the O -enzyme O -- O -NADH O -complex O -indicate O -that O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -may O -combine O -only O -when O -the O -essential O -histidine O -residue O -is O -protonated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -gadolinium B-Chemical -[ O -Gd O -( O -III O -) O -] O -to O -a O -homogeneous O -rabbit O -anti O -- O -( O -type O -- O -III O -pneumococcal O -polysaccharide O -) O -IgG O -( O -immunoglobulin O -G O -) O -and O -its O -Fab O -( O -N O -- O -terminal O -half O -of O -heavy O -and O -light O -chain O -) O -and O -Fc O -( O -C O -- O -terminal O -half O -of O -heavy O -- O -chain O -dimer O -) O -fragments O -was O -demonstrated O -by O -measurements O -of O -solvent O -- O -water O -proton O -relaxation O -rates O -in O -the O -appropriate O -Gd O -( O -III O -) O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -substrates O -rapidly O -oxidized O -are O -ethane O -, O -n O -- O -propane O -, O -n O -- O -butane O -and O -CO O -. O -Dimethyl O -ether B-Chemical -is O -not O -a O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Activity O -is O -highly O -sensitive O -to O -low O -concentrations O -of O -a O -variety O -of O -chelating O -agents O -, O -cyanide O -, O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -and O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -suggesting O -activity O -with O -N O -- O -methyl O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -with O -the O -L O -- O -forms O -was O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -sheep O -pepsin O -was O -generally O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -pig O -and O -ox O -pepsins O -, O -with O -a O -very O -low O -content O -of O -basic O -residues O -and O -a O -high O -content O -of O -acidic O -and O -hydroxy B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -shown O -with O -stearoyl O -- O -CoA O -decreasing O -with O -both O -palmitoyl O -- O -CoA O -and O -nonadecanoyl O -- O -CoA O -, O -as O -reported O -previously O -for O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Threonine O -, O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -proline O -and O -lysine O -( O -224 O -, O -127 O -, O -242 O -and O -128 O -residues O -/ O -1000 O -residues O -respectively O -) O -were O -the O -major O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -treatment O -of O -LGP O -- O -I O -component O -with O -alkali B-Chemical -and O -NaB3H4 O -radioactivity O -was O -incorporated O -into O -alpha O -- O -aminobutyric O -acid O -and O -alanine B-Chemical -in O -a O -molar O -ratio O -of O -4 O -: O -1 O -, O -and O -radioactive O -galactosaminitol O -was O -isolated O -by O -ion O -- O -exchange O -chromatography O -from O -a O -cleaved O -oligosaccharide O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -desialylated O -and O -intact O -LGP O -- O -I O -component O -with O -galactose B-Chemical -oxidase O -followed O -by O -reduction O -with O -NaB3H4 O -revealed O -the O -presence O -of O -52mol O -of O -terminal O -galactose B-Chemical -in O -the O -intact O -molecule O -and O -153mol O -of O -galactose B-Chemical -/ O -mol O -of O -LGP O -- O -I O -component O -after O -treatment O -with O -neuraminidase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -purified O -by O -a O -procedure O -which O -included O -precipitation O -by O -dialysis O -against O -citrate B-Chemical -/ O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -pH3 O -. O -5 O -; O -( O -NH4 O -) O -2SO4 O -precipitation O -; O -hydroxyapatite O -, O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -and O -ECTEOLA O -- O -cellulose O -column O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -systematic O -investigation O -of O -potential O -ligands O -has O -been O -carried O -out O -: O -these O -included O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -and O -NADP O -+ O -, O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -several O -immobilized O -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -large O -- O -scale O -purification O -scheme O -for O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenase O -is O -presented O -that O -uses O -the O -competitive O -inhibitors O -inorganic O -pyrophosphate O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -as O -specific O -eluents O -. O - -aps B-category -Methyl O -methanethiosulphonate O -was O -used O -to O -produce O -a O -modification O -of O -the O -essential O -thiol B-Chemical -group O -in O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -which O -leaves O -the O -enzyme O -catalytically O -active O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -with O -10mM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -and O -0 O -. O -4mM O -- O -NAD O -+ O -as O -substrates O -the O -enzyme O -was O -virtually O -completely O -inhibited O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -saturating O -NADH O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -concentrations O -, O -the O -Vmax O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -complexes O -between O -methanethiolated O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -substrates O -or O -substrate O -analogues O -can O -also O -be O -shown O -by O -re O -- O -activation O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -this O -work O -are O -interpreted O -in O -terms O -of O -a O -role O -for O -the O -essential O -thiol B-Chemical -group O -in O -the O -binding O -of O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -Membrane O -- O -bound O -( O -particulate O -) O -and O -soluble O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -2 O -- O -naphthylamidases O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -5 O -. O -1 O -. O -- O -) O -were O -present O -in O -subcellular O -fractions O -of O -epidermis O -from O -pig O -and O -human O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -did O -not O -require O -heavy O -metals O -and O -were O -not O -inhibited O -by O -thiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -group I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -soluble O -enzymes O -were O -inhibited O -by O -puromycin O -and O -by O -thiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -group I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -agents O -and O -activated O -by O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -2 O -- O -naphthylamidases O -of O -human O -epidermis O -were O -much O -more O -active O -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -times O -) O -towards O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -2 O -- O -naphthylamide O -than O -towards O -the O -commonly O -used O -substrate O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -2 O -- O -naphthylamide O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -oligomycin O -- O -resistant O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -and O -its O -effects O -on O -cellular O -growth O -, O -mitochondrial O -oxidative O -phosphorylation O -and O -respiratory O -proton O -translocation O -in O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -case O -of O -mutant O -OR146 O -( O -OLI1 O -) O -there O -is O -a O -35 O -% O -loss O -of O -mitochondrial O -protein O -during O -fractionation O -in O -vitro O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -mutationally O -altered O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -( O -ATPase O -) O -confers O -some O -instability O -on O -the O -mitochondrial O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolism O -of O -benzyl O -isothiocyanate O -and O -its O -cysteine B-Chemical -conjugate O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -cysteine B-Chemical -conjugate O -of O -benzyl O -isothiocyanate O -was O -similarly O -incubated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -, O -the O -corresponding O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylcysteine I-Chemical -conjugate O -( O -mercapturic O -acid O -) O -was O -formed O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -oral O -dose O -of O -the O -cysteine B-Chemical -conjugate O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -benzyl O -isothiocyanate O -was O -rapidly O -absorbed O -and O -excreted O -by O -rats O -and O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Strains O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -K12 O -were O -made O -that O -are O -unable O -to O -assimilate O -glucose B-Chemical -by O -the O -phosphotransferase O -system O -, O -since O -they O -lack O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -components O -specified O -by O -the O -genes O -ptsG O -and O -ptsM O -. O - -aps B-category -Galactose O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -fucose O -are O -substrates O -for O -both O -transport O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -sugars O -to O -elicit O -anaerobic O -proton O -transport O -is O -associated O -with O -the O -galactose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -with O -the O -methyl O -galactoside O -transport O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -was O -investigated O -in O -cartilage O -from O -chick O -embryos O -, O -rabbits O -, O -rats O -and O -human O -foetuses O -. O - -aps B-category -Ornithine O -decarboxylase O -activity O -in O -chick O -- O -embryo O -pelvic O -leaflets O -was O -maintained O -at O -the O -value O -in O -vivo O -for O -up O -to O -22h O -when O -the O -isolated O -tissue O -was O -incubated O -in O -a O -modified O -Waymouth O -' O -s O -medium O -( O -MB O -752 O -/ O -1 O -) O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -After O -addition O -of O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -to O -the O -incubation O -medium O -, O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -activity O -declined O -, O -with O -a O -half O -- O -life O -of O -40 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -the O -NADH O -- O -methemoglobin O -reductase O -reaction O -by O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -metal O -- O -metal O -distances O -in O -E O -. O -coli O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -by O -EPR O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -effect O -of O -the O -rauwolfia O -- O -alkaloids O -ajmaline O -, O -rescinnamine O -and O -reserpine B-Chemical -on O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -contents O -of O -the O -heart O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -substances O -were O -: O -ajamaline O -, O -N O -- O -methyl O -- O -ajamaline O -, O -N O -- O -n O -- O -propylajmaline O -, O -rescinnamine O -and O -reserpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rescinnamine O -and O -reserpine B-Chemical -depleted O -the O -hearts O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -ajmaline O -and O -its O -derivatives O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -samples O -from O -volunteers O -medicated O -with O -the O -psychotropic O -drugs O -fosazepam O -and O -nomifensine B-Chemical -are O -analysed O -by O -this O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Some O -1 O -, O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepine I-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -oxidation O -of O -intramitochondrial O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -induced O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -mitochondrial O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -had O -a O -pH O -optimum O -at O -5 O -- O -0 O -and O -the O -optimal O -temperature O -for O -activity O -was O -approximately O -50 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -enzyme O -was O -not O -activated O -by O -divalent O -cations O -or O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -, O -but O -it O -was O -inhibited O -by O -p O -- O -chloromercuribenzoate O -and O -by O -fluoride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -in O -root O -canal O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluorine O -- O -19 O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -studies O -of O -effects O -of O -ligands O -on O -trifluoroacetonylated O -supernatant O -aspartate B-Chemical -transaminase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -resonance O -signals O -with O -chemical O -shifts O -at O -615 O -and O -800 O -Hz O -upfield O -from O -trifluoroacetic O -acid O -correspond O -to O -modified O -cysteine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -82 I-Chemical -and O -- O -45 O -and O -have O -tentatively O -been O -assigned O -in O -this O -order O -. O - -aps B-category -Occupation O -of O -the O -active O -site O -by O -a O -quasi O -- O -enzyme O -- O -substrate O -complex O -, O -trifluoromethionine O -pyridoxyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -affects O -the O -19F O -chemical O -shift O -of O -modified O -Cys O -- O -390 O -, O -making O -it O -pH O -dependent O -with O -a O -pK O -value O -of O -8 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -or O -succinate O -to O -the O -ketone B-Chemical -labeled O -enzyme O -causes O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -resonance O -line O -width O -, O -and O -titrations O -show O -that O -this O -procedure O -is O -a O -good O -method O -with O -which O -to O -study O -the O -affinity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -for O -these O -ligands O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -a O -critical O -glutamyl O -and O -an O -aspartyl O -residue O -in O -the O -function O -of O -pig O -heart O -diphosphopyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -dependent O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -inactivated O -upon O -incubation O -with O -1 O -- O -cyclohexyl O -- O -3 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -morpholinoethyl O -) O -carbodiimide O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -glycinamide O -or O -glycine B-Chemical -ethyl O -ester O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -employing O -[ O -1 O -- O -14C O -] O -glycine B-Chemical -ethyl O -ester O -show O -a O -net O -incorporation O -of O -2 O -mol O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -ethyl O -ester O -per O -subunit O -( O -40 O -000 O -) O -, O -concomitant O -with O -the O -complete O -inactivation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -k2 O -/ O -KS O -for O -the O -thiolethyl O -ester O -is O -higher O -than O -that O -for O -the O -analogous O -oxygen B-Chemical -ester O -, O -the O -k2 O -/ O -KS O -values O -for O -oxy O -- O -and O -thio O -- O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -esters O -are O -nearly O -identical O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -biosynthetic O -and O -biodegradative O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylases O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -showed O -hyperbolic O -kinetics O -with O -a O -Km O -of O -5 O -. O -6 O -mM O -for O -ornithine B-Chemical -and O -1 O -. O -0 O -micronM O -for O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -it O -was O -competitively O -inhibited O -by O -putrescine O -and O -spermidine O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibody O -to O -the O -purified O -biodegradative O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -did O -not O -cross O -- O -react O -with O -the O -biosynthetic O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ADP I-Chemical -with O -skeletal O -muscle O -heavy O -meromyosin O -has O -been O -studied O -by O -measuring O -the O -accompanying O -release O -of O -protons O -. O - -aps B-category -Alkylation O -of O -a O -reactive O -thiol B-Chemical -group O -( O -SH1 O -) O -does O -not O -change O -the O -proton O -liberation O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurements O -with O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ADP I-Chemical -, O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -show O -that O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -there O -is O -no O -proton O -release O -but O -rather O -a O -sizeable O -proton O -absorption O -( O -about O -0 O -. O -5 O -mol O -of O -protons O -per O -mol O -of O -heavy O -meromyosin O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -of O -the O -tree O -toxic O -compounds O -used O -in O -this O -work O -, O -veratridine B-Chemical -and O -the O -sea O -anemone O -toxin O -, O -provoke O -neurotransmitter O -release O -from O -synaptosomes O -; O -the O -third O -one O -, O -tetrodotoxin O -, O -prevents O -the O -action O -of O -both O -veratridine B-Chemical -and O -the O -sea O -anemone O -toxin O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -veratridine B-Chemical -and O -the O -sea O -anemone O -toxin O -similarly O -provoke O -neurotransmitter O -release O -, O -they O -act O -on O -different O -receptor O -structures O -in O -the O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -half O -- O -maximum O -inhibitory O -concentration O -of O -tetrodotoxin O -is O -K0 O -. O -5 O -= O -4 O -nM O -for O -veratridine B-Chemical -and O -7 O -. O -9 O -nM O -for O -ATXII O -. O - -aps B-category -Solubilized O -activator O -has O -a O -molecular O -weight O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -the O -secreted O -enzyme O -as O -determined O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aequorin O -light O -emission O -in O -a O -medium O -simulating O -the O -in O -vivo O -cationic O -conditions O -for O -barnacle O -muscle O -fibres O -indicates O -that O -two O -Ca2 O -+ O -are O -apparently O -involved O -in O -this O -process O -for O -free O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -higher O -than O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -these O -parameters O -one O -can O -make O -accurate O -quantitative O -predictions O -for O -the O -aequoring O -light O -response O -under O -a O -variety O -of O -ionic O -conditions O -, O -and O -this O -suggests O -that O -it O -is O -possible O -to O -determine O -absolute O -free O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -providing O -that O -the O -ionic O -composition O -of O -the O -solutions O -is O -known O -, O -and O -that O -the O -relative O -rate O -of O -aequorin O -utilization O -is O -higher O -than O -0 O -. O -005 O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -transport O -in O -sonic O -submitochondrial O -particles O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -intact O -mitochondria O -, O -inhibition O -of O -ADP O -transport O -in O -sonic O -particles O -by O -bongkrekic O -acid O -does O -not O -have O -any O -lag O -- O -time O -and O -does O -not O -depend O -on O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -generation O -of O -ADP O -by O -the O -mitochondrial O -bound O -hexokinase O -, O -seems O -to O -be O -the O -reason O -for O -the O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -inhibitory O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Rebinding O -of O -the O -hexokinase O -to O -the O -mitochondria O -regenerated O -the O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -Ehrlich O -ascites O -cell O -mitochondria O -ATPase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -depression O -process O -is O -inhibited O -by O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Arsenate O -is O -a O -competitive O -inhibitor O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -transport O -, O -having O -an O -apparent O -Ki O -of O -6 O -. O -0 O -micronM O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -both O -membrane O -preparations O -was O -stimulated O -by O -parathyroid O -hormone O -, O -calcitonin B-Chemical -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -and O -5 O -' O -- O -guanylylimidodiphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -the O -medium O -pH O -and O -the O -cell O -pH O -upon O -the O -kinetical O -parameters O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -yeast O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -is O -affected O -by O -the O -medium O -pH O -both O -directly O -via O -an O -apparent O -competitive O -inhibition O -by O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -anions O -and O -indirectly O -in O -a O -similar O -way O -as O -the O -maximum O -rate O -of O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Anthramycin O -, O -tomaymycin O -and O -sibiromycin O -are O -pyrrolo O -( O -1 O -, O -4 O -) O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -antitumor O -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -all O -three O -pyrrolo O -( O -1 O -, O -4 O -) O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -antibiotic O -- O -DNA O -complexes O -are O -relatively O -stable O -to O -alkaline O -conditions O -, O -their O -stability O -under O -acidic O -conditions O -increases O -in O -the O -order O -tomaymycin O -, O -anthramycin O -and O -sibiromycin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -the O -spacer O -length O -, O -pH O -and O -the O -type O -of O -the O -buffer O -used O -, O -concentration O -of O -reactive O -groups O -in O -the O -copolymer O -, O -concentration O -of O -the O -ligand O -and O -the O -participation O -of O -the O -hydrolytic O -and O -aminolytic O -reaction O -of O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -functional O -groups O -in O -the O -attachment O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -D O -, O -L O -- O -phenylalanine O -and O -serumalbumin O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -preparation O -was O -completely O -inhibited O -by O -100 O -micronM O -ouabain B-Chemical -with O -a O -Ki O -of O -1 O -. O -8 O -micronM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -ADP O -and O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -from O -ATP O -was O -stoichiometric O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -and O -rapid O -method O -is O -presented O -for O -purifying O -the O -NADP O -+ O -- O -dependent O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -( O -threo O -- O -DS O -- O -isocitrate O -: O -NADP O -+ O -oxidoreductase O -( O -decarboxylating O -) O -, O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -, O -which O -relies O -on O -fractionation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -with O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -of O -Scenedesmus O -obliquus O -. O - -aps B-category -NADH O -- O -dependent O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -- O -- O -) O -of O -the O -photosynthetic O -alga O -Scenedesmus O -obliquus O -is O -converted O -to O -an O -NADPH B-Chemical -specific O -form O -by O -incubation O -with O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Prolonged O -incubation O -with O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -results O -in O -the O -further O -dissociation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -to O -an O -inactive O -70 O -000 O -dalton O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimum O -stimulation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -is O -achieved O -on O -incubation O -of O -the O -NADH O -- O -specific O -enzyme O -with O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -or O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -and O -a O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -generating O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Bovine O -milk O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -xanthine B-Chemical -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -) O -oxidises O -3 O -- O -hydroxyxanthine O -slowly O -to O -3 O -- O -hydroxyuric O -acid O -; O -the O -1 O -- O -methyl O -derivative O -of O -3 O -- O -hydroxyxanthine O -is O -attacked O -about O -twice O -as O -fast O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -dependence O -of O -the O -initial O -transient O -velocity O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -production O -during O -the O -burst O -phase O -of O -the O -oxidative O -deamination O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -: O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -+ O -oxidoreductase O -( O -deaminating O -) O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -) O -and O -NADP O -+ O -has O -been O -measured O -by O -stopped O -- O -flow O -spectrophotometry O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -8 O -. O -87 O -, O -there O -is O -evidence O -that O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -binds O -less O -tightly O -to O -the O -enzyme O -and O -to O -the O -enzyme O -- O -NADP O -+ O -complex O -than O -at O -lower O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Ions O -of O -manganese O -and O -vanadium O -are O -especially O -effective O -, O -as O -are O -o O -- O -phenanthroline O -complexes O -of O -iron B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stereospecificity O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -determines O -which O -of O -the O -two O -stereoisomers O -of O -histidine O -is O -active O -as O -an O -HCN O -precursor O -. O - -aps B-category -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -phenylalanine O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -) O -can O -also O -serve O -as O -HCN O -precursors O -with O -these O -enzyme O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -from O -Chlorella O -vulgaris O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -, O -the O -best O -substrate O -for O -O2 O -consumption O -, O -1 O -mol O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -is O -formed O -for O -half O -a O -mol O -of O -O2 O -consumed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -catalase O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -these O -criteria O -, O -the O -Chlorella O -enzyme O -can O -be O -classified O -as O -a O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -3 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphofructokinase O -( O -ATP O -: O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fructose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -1 O -phosphotransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -1 O -. O -11 O -) O -from O -two O -different O -lactobacilli O -, O -Lactobacillus O -plantarum O -and O -Lactobacillus O -acidophilus O -were O -isolated O -and O -purified O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -inactivation O -was O -Mg2 O -+ O -dependent O -and O -was O -partially O -inhibited O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -enzymes O -were O -single O -polypeptide O -chains O -and O -homogeneous O -as O -judged O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -( O -SDS O -) O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -and O -ultracentrifugation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tosyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -methylester O -esterase O -activity O -of O -beta O -- O -fibrinogenase O -was O -about O -17 O -times O -that O -of O -the O -crude O -venom O -, O -while O -alpha O -- O -fibrinogenase O -was O -completely O -devoid O -of O -this O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Application O -of O -trinitrophenylation O -for O -the O -measurement O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -residues O -resulting O -from O -peptic O -digestion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -active O -contaminants O -in O -these O -preparations O -survived O -boiling O -, O -saponification O -, O -and O -treatment O -with O -phospholipase O -A O -, O -trypsin O -and O -neuraminidase O -C O -. O -The O -activity O -was O -extractable O -with O -chloroform B-Chemical -/ O -methanol O -and O -did O -not O -survive O -ashing O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sodium B-Chemical -salts O -of O -cholate B-Chemical -, O -deoxycholate O -, O -chenodeoxycholate B-Chemical -and O -their O -glycine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -or I-Chemical -taurine O -- O -conjugated O -forms O -either O -increased O -or O -decreased O -particulate O -and O -soluble O -rat O -liver O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -depending O -upon O -their O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -But O -homogenates O -of O -the O -pharate O -adult O -insect O -did O -not O -show O -synthetic O -capacity O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Activity O -was O -dependent O -on O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -; O -FMN O -strongly O -inhibited O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -promoted O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proportions O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -synthesized O -varied O -with O -substrate O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethanediol O -enhances O -the O -binding O -of O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -to O -methaemoglobin O -, O -but O -the O -structural O -consequences O -of O -this O -binding O -on O -the O -haem O -- O -pockets O -seem O -to O -be O -diminished O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -exchange O -of O -methanol O -with O -bulk O -solvent O -was O -observed O -only O -when O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -was O -bound O -to O -aquomethaemoglobin O -, O -which O -is O -consistent O -with O -a O -widening O -of O -the O -haemcrevice O -compared O -to O -the O -conformation O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -model O -with O -a O -water O -molecule O -exchanging O -between O -a O -position O -next O -to O -the O -sixth O -- O -ligand O -site O -of O -the O -haem B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iron I-Chemical -and O -the O -bulk O -solvent O -is O -further O -substantiated O -experimentally O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -factor O -was O -purified O -by O -ethanol B-Chemical -precipitation O -, O -column O -chromatography O -using O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -and O -Sepharose O -- O -2B O -, O -and O -zone O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -air O -oxidation O -of O -procarbazine O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -Ti O -( O -IV O -) O -was O -examined O -as O -a O -model O -system O -for O -the O -effects O -titanium O -has O -on O -oxidative O -processes O -and O -intermediates O -involving O -molecular O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -are O -discussed O -in O -terms O -of O -a O -Ti O -( O -IV O -) O -ability O -to O -activate O -molecular O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -its O -ability O -to O -form O -oxygen B-Chemical -free O -- O -radical O -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -imply O -that O -these O -elements O -would O -be O -bound O -with O -roughly O -equal O -strengths O -to O -an O -apoenzyme O -or O -a O -carrier O -whether O -or O -not O -these O -proteins O -contain O -a O -ligating O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Media O -of O -pig O -aorta O -was O -extracted O -with O -1 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -and O -2 O -M O -MgCl2 O -to O -remove O -most O -of O -the O -soluble O -collagen O -, O -proteoglycans O -and O -glycoproteins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -urea B-Chemical -soluble O -proteins O -were O -precipitated O -by O -dialysis O -, O -redissolved O -in O -4 O -M O -guanidine O -- O -0 O -. O -05 O -M O -DTT O -and O -were O -S O -- O -carboxamidomethylated O -( O -CM O -- O -guanidine O -extract O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -major O -glycoprotein O -fraction O -was O -excluded O -as O -a O -single O -peak O -from O -Sephadex O -G O -100 O -and O -G O -200 O -in O -4 O -M O -guanidinium O -chloride B-Chemical -or O -in O -6 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -0 I-Chemical -. O -2 O -per O -cent O -SDS O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -glycoprotein O -fraction O -could O -also O -be O -separated O -from O -a O -collagenous O -fraction O -and O -from O -proteoglycans O -by O -ion O -exchange O -chromatography O -on O -DEAE O -cellulose O -or O -by O -gelfiltration O -on O -Sepharose O -4 O -B O -in O -6 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -0 I-Chemical -. O -02 O -M O -EDTA O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -per O -cent O -SDS O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -S O -- O -carboxamidomethyl O -glycoprotein O -preparation O -interacts O -with O -acid O -soluble O -calf O -skin O -collagen O -on O -isoelectric O -focusing O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -in O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Isolation O -, O -purification O -and O -investigation O -of O -physico O -- O -chemical O -properties O -and O -specificity O -of O -Leu B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Gly I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Gly I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -peptidase O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Mild O -hydrolysis O -of O -leucine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -tripeptides O -and O -dipeptides O -with O -N O -- O -terminal O -glycine B-Chemical -and O -alanine B-Chemical -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Isolation O -and O -properties O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -inducible O -and O -cortisol B-Chemical -non O -- O -inducible O -isoenzymes O -of O -rat O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -isoenzymes O -have O -pH O -optimum O -around O -7 O -. O -5 O -; O -their O -apparent O -Km O -values O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -are O -also O -similar O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyridoxal O -phosphate B-Chemical -is O -firmly O -bound O -to O -the O -catode O -isoenzyme O -and O -can O -be O -readily O -spearated O -from O -the O -anode O -isoenzyme O -during O -dyalisis O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Participation O -of O -the O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -pterine O -- O -protein O -complex O -in O -NADP O -reduction O -and O -electron O -transport O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -factor O -accepts O -the O -electron O -from O -the O -reaction O -site O -of O -the O -first O -photosystem O -and O -activates O -hydrogen B-Chemical -liberation O -in O -the O -systems O -, O -containing O -hydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -its O -metabolites O -( O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -) O -on O -Chlorella O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -GS O -) O -( O -E O -. O -C O -. O -6 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -Mg O -or O -Mn O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -, O -alanine B-Chemical -and O -glycine B-Chemical -inhibit O -GS O -activity O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -both O -Mg O -and O -Mn O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -change O -of O -GS O -activity O -observed O -is O -supposed O -to O -be O -due O -to O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -studied O -, O -since O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -content O -is O -increased O -( O -in O -2 O -. O -5 O -times O -for O -5 O -min O -) O -and O -that O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -and O -dicarbonic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -for O -the O -following O -15 O -min O -) O -under O -NH O -assimilation O -in O -Chlorella O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -dependent O -ATPase O -of O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -membranes O -( O -SRM O -) O -by O -platinum B-Chemical -and O -palladium O -complexes O -is O -considerable O -enhanced O -during O -the O -incubation O -of O -these O -compunds O -with O -SRM O -preparations O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -small O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -concentrations O -of O -ATP O -or O -ADP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -pH O -of O -the O -medium O -up O -to O -8 O -. O -5 O -and O -the O -increase O -of O -temperature O -up O -to O -45degree O -C O -sharply O -decrease O -the O -ATP O -ability O -to O -enchance O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -dependent O -ATPase O -to O -platinum B-Chemical -and O -palladium O -compunds O -. O - -aps B-category -Xanthine O -and O -cytosine B-Chemical -do O -not O -affect O -the O -uptake O -of O -adenine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -temperature O -, O -salts O -, O -acids O -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -on O -disc O -electrophoretic O -spectrum O -of O -brain O -prealbumines O -were O -closely O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -BTB O -- O -protein O -contains O -42 O -mole O -% O -of O -acidic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -5 O -. O -4 O -mole O -% O -of O -alkaline O -ones O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -role O -of O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -62 I-Chemical -residue O -in O -the O -structure O -and O -function O -of O -lysozyme O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -highly O -purified O -preparation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -chlorella O -grown O -on O -a O -medium O -containing O -nitrate B-Chemical -as O -a O -sole O -source O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -, O -was O -isolated O -and O -characterized O -by O -disc O -- O -electrophoresis O -and O -analytical O -ultracentrifugation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -is O -32 O -. O -000 O -; O -its O -activity O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -Mg2 O -+ O -was O -150 O -mkmol O -o B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -per O -min O -per O -mg O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Physico O -- O -chemical O -properties O -of O -trypsin O -covalently O -bound O -with O -human O -serum O -albumin O -by O -glutaric O -aldehyde B-Chemical -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Circular O -dichroism O -spectra O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -and O -cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cAMP B-Chemical -) O -and O -their O -derivatives O -, O -having O -different O -substituents O -in O -8 O -- O -position O -of O -heterocycle O -, O -are O -studied O -, O -cAMP B-Chemical -is O -suggested O -to O -have O -preferable O -anti O -- O -conformation O -in O -the O -solution O -, O -while O -its O -derivatives O -with O -substituents O -in O -8 O -- O -position O -of O -purine B-Chemical -base O -are O -preferable O -in O -sin O -- O -conformation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -probably O -due O -to O -the O -formation O -of O -intra O -- O -molecular O -ionic O -bond O -between O -cyclophosphate O -group O -and O -aliphatic O -amino B-Chemical -group O -of O -8 O -- O -position O -substituent O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -theory O -based O -on O -current O -knowledge O -of O -the O -relationship O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -to O -both O -disorders O -is O -postulated O -which O -may O -explain O -the O -relationship O -between O -the O -psychosis O -and O -epilepsy O -which O -occurs O -in O -a O -subgroup O -of O -schizophrenic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Phentolamine B-Chemical -was O -given O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -; O -phenoxybenzamine O -was O -given O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -8 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -; O -and O -pimozide O -was O -given O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -800 O -mcg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Given O -at O -extremenly O -high O -doses O -, O -phenoxybenzamine O -was O -unable O -to O -consistently O -block O -estrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -LH O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -basal O -LH O -levels O -were O -seen O -with O -phentolamine B-Chemical -injection O -but O -were O -of O -short O -duration O -of O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopaminergic O -neurons O -appear O -to O -facilitate O -basal O -and O -estrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -LH O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fluorescent O -calcium B-Chemical -indicator O -, O -calcein O -, O -has O -been O -used O -as O -a O -high O -- O -affinity O -indicator O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -in O -the O -aqueous O -phase O -at O -physiological O -pH O -in O -the O -study O -of O -high O -- O -affinity O -calcium B-Chemical -binding O -to O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -( O -SR O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Difficulties O -in O -testing O -the O -possible O -role O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -as O -a O -Transmitter O -in O -the O -R O -. O -O O -. O -S O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -salt B-Chemical -addition O -and O -/ O -or O -incubation O -of O -the O -suspension O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -RNase O -and O -on O -the O -degradation O -of O -endogenous O -RNA O -was O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -incubation O -with O -NaCl B-Chemical -the O -active O -RNase O -was O -able O -to O -degrade O -endogenous O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Fermentation O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -by O -Acetobacter O -melanogenus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -increasing O -ethanol B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -feed O -on O -growth O -and O -physiological O -activity O -of O -the O -yeast O -Candida O -utlis O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -biomass O -concentration O -in O -the O -effluent O -and O -maximum O -productivity O -was O -achieved O -at O -75 O -g O -ethanol B-Chemical -/ O -liter O -in O -the O -feed O -. O - -aps B-category -Enhancement O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -absorption O -in O -biological O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Whole O -cells O -of O -Micrococcus O -luteus O -( O -formerly O -Sarcina O -lutea O -ATCC O -9341 O -) O -have O -been O -covalently O -linked O -to O -a O -carboxymethylcellulose O -support O -system O -, O -with O -the O -retention O -of O -histidine O -ammonia B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lyase I-Chemical -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -milk O -- O -clotting O -enzyme O -pepsin O -was O -immobilized O -onto O -beads O -of O -alumina O -, O -titania O -, O -glass O -, O -stainless O -steel O -, O -iron B-Chemical -oxide O -, O -and O -Teflon O -for O -treating O -skim O -milk O -in O -a O -fluidized O -- O -bed O -reactor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rats O -given O -ACTH B-Chemical -after O -3 O -- O -acetylpyridine O -showed O -a O -lesser O -elevation O -of O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -in O -the O -blood O -and O -adrenal O -gland O -tissue O -than O -the O -intact O -animals O -; O -3 O -- O -acetylpyridine O -diminished O -the O -activity O -of O -dehydrogenase O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -in O -the O -adrenal O -glands O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -process O -is O -strengthened O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -weakened O -by O -SKF O -- O -525A O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -on O -the O -graft O -- O -versus O -- O -host O -reaction O -( O -GVHR O -) O -and O -the O -peculiarities O -attending O -the O -development O -of O -pregnancy O -in O -female O -animals O -which O -survived O -after O -the O -GVHR O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -intensification O -of O -the O -GVHR O -was O -noted O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -to O -donors O -or O -its O -addition O -to O -the O -transplanted O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -such O -disturbances O -of O -pregnancy O -were O -observed O -in O -mice O -given O -heparin B-Chemical -alone O -or O -in O -those O -which O -survived O -after O -the O -transplantation O -of O -lymphoid O -cells O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Adrenergic O -component O -in O -the O -hepatotropic O -, O -carcinogenic O -effect O -of O -diethylnitrosamine B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -experiments O -on O -the O -isolated O -rat O -atria O -showed O -low O -DENA O -concentrations O -( O -1x10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -to O -1x10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -) O -to O -sensitize O -the O -atrium O -adrenoreceptors O -to O -the O -endogenous O -and O -exogenous O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -vasodilator O -response O -to O -thrombin O -was O -compared O -with O -the O -vasodilator O -response O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -, O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -before O -and O -after O -blockade O -with O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -phenergan O -or O -methyl O -- O -D O -- O -lysergic O -acid O -butanolamide O -( O -UML O -- O -491 O -) O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -many O -relaxant O -and O -contracting O -drugs O -can O -be O -ascribed O -to O -their O -effects O -on O -calcium B-Chemical -binding O -and O -intracellular O -availability O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -use O -of O -a O -sensitive O -and O -specific O -fluorescence O -assay O -procedure O -it O -was O -shown O -that O -after O -subcutaneous O -administration O -to O -rats O -, O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -methadone I-Chemical -was O -concentrated O -in O -the O -lung O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -phenomenon O -was O -investigated O -in O -vitro O -with O -rat O -lung O -slices O -incubated O -in O -Krebs O -- O -Ringer O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggested O -that O -at O -low O -concentrations O -, O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -methadone I-Chemical -was O -transported O -predominantly O -by O -a O -self O -- O -saturable O -process O -while O -at O -higher O -concentrations O -it O -was O -transported O -by O -a O -process O -of O -simple O -diffusion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -of O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -methadone I-Chemical -at O -low O -concentration O -( O -0 O -. O -01 O -mM O -) O -was O -significantly O -inhibited O -by O -low O -temperature O -, O -lack O -of O -O2 O -, O -lack O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -lack O -of O -Na O -+ O -in O -the O -incubation O -medium O -, O -and O -by O -exposure O -of O -the O -tissue O -to O -high O -temperature O -( O -approximately O -100 O -degrees O -C O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -analysis O -of O -data O -showed O -that O -the O -diffusion O -constant O -for O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -methadone I-Chemical -was O -5 O -. O -0 O -( O -h O -- O -1 O -) O -and O -the O -Vmax O -of O -the O -active O -transport O -process O -was O -6 O -. O -5 O -micronmol O -g O -- O -1h O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -methoxamine B-Chemical -were O -exclusively O -excitatory O -, O -whereas O -salbutamol B-Chemical -was O -entirely O -depressant O -. O - -aps B-category -Lower O -doses O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -usually O -evoked O -depressions O -, O -whereas O -higher O -doses O -, O -on O -the O -same O -cell O -, O -evoked O -excitatory O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agents O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -sotalol B-Chemical -, O -reversibly O -antagonized O -both O -depressant O -and O -excitatory O -responses O -to O -adrenoceptor O -agonists O -, O -without O -affecting O -responses O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -surveys O -showed O -that O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -are O -more O -widely O -prescribed O -than O -chlorodiazepoxide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -( O -AH O -5158 O -) O -on O -adrenergic O -transmission O -in O -the O -cat O -spleen O -. O - -aps B-category -Labetalol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -increased O -the O -recovery O -of O -3H O -label O -in O -the O -venous O -blood O -following O -the O -close O -- O -arterial O -infusion O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -- O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -noradrenaline I-Chemical -indicating O -that O -the O -drug O -inhibits O -uptake O -of O -the O -amine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Labetalol B-Chemical -( O -3 O -. O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -increased O -the O -transmitter O -overflow O -following O -stimulation O -of O -the O -splenic O -nerves O -with O -200 O -impulses O -at O -10 O -Hz O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -or O -DMI O -( O -5 O -. O -4 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -M O -) O -produced O -a O -small O -increase O -in O -transmitter O -overflow O -which O -was O -not O -further O -increased O -by O -addition O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -8 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Labetalol B-Chemical -appears O -to O -act O -as O -a O -postsynaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonist O -in O -the O -isolated O -blood O -perfused O -spleen O -of O -the O -cat O -with O -little O -effect O -on O -presynaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Acyl O -and O -amino B-Chemical -intermediates O -in O -penicillopepsin O -- O -catalysed O -reactions O -and O -activation O -by O -nonsubstrate O -peptides O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -the O -enzyme O -from O -spleen O -shows O -similarity O -to O -that O -from O -other O -sources O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -by O -the O -last O -compound O -is O -competitive O -with O -respect O -to O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -neither O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -nor O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -can O -replace O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -as O -a O -substrate O -in O -the O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transfer O -reaction O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -may O -be O -due O -to O -changes O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -phosphoribosyl O -pyrophosphate O -synthesis O -, O -and O -the O -stimulatory O -effect O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -on O -this O -process O -seems O -to O -be O -more O -important O -than O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphodphoglycerate O -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -conditions O -were O -defined O -that O -determined O -the O -synthesis O -of O -dextran B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hemoglobin I-Chemical -complexes O -through O -the O -alklation O -of O -hemoglobin O -by O -N O -- O -bromoacetylaminoethylaminodextran O -. O - -aps B-category -Extensive O -viscosity O -increase O -due O -to O -crosslinking O -could O -be O -avoided O -, O -and O -a O -large O -molar O -excess O -of O -dextran B-Chemical -over O -hemoglobin O -made O -unnecessary O -, O -under O -the O -optimal O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -N O -- O -bromosuccinimide O -in O -sevenfold O -molar O -excess O -oxidizes O -one O -tryptophan B-Chemical -and O -two O -to O -three O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -per O -molecule O -of O -nonactivated O -papain O -, O -without O -causing O -peptide O -chain O -cleavage O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -substrates O -( O -and O -inhibitors O -) O -test O -, O -with O -the O -exception O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzyoyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -p O -- O -nitroanilide O -, O -displayed O -approximately O -a O -two O -fold O -decrease O -in O -both O -kcat O -and O -Km O -( O -or O -Ki O -) O -, O -relative O -to O -the O -native O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -dihydrofolate O -reductase O -from O -methotrexate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -and O -methotrexate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -Chinese O -hamster O -ovary O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reductases O -from O -wild O -- O -type O -and O -resistant O -cells O -had O -similar O -specific O -activities O -using O -folate B-Chemical -and O -dihydrofolate O -as O -substrates O -, O -and O -similar O -molecular O -weights O -as O -determined O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Small O -differences O -between O -various O -enzymes O -were O -also O -seen O -in O -other O -physicochemical O -properties O -such O -as O -pH O -optima O -and O -Km O -values O -for O -folate B-Chemical -, O -and O -in O -their O -heat O -stabilities O -, O -which O -suggest O -that O -different O -structural O -alterations O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -same O -mutant O -phenotype O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -ampicillin B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -at O -pH O -4 O -or O -5 O -resulted O -in O -the O -inactivation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -presumably O -by O -modification O -of O -a O -carboxyl O -group O -in O -the O -active O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -inhibited O -by O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Growth O -of O -T O -. O -ferrooxidans O -was O -not O -obtained O -with O -either O -stannous O -chloride B-Chemical -or O -stannous O -sulphate O -as O -sole O -energy O -source O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -analyzed O -by O -cationic O -discontinuous O -electrophoresis O -in O -urea B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -polyacrylamide O -gels O -, O -plasma O -or O -serum O -from O -febrile O -individuals O -contains O -trace O -quanitites O -of O -five O -protein O -bands O -that O -are O -not O -recognizable O -in O -the O -blood O -of O -normal O -individuals O -. O - -aps B-category -Interactions O -between O -these O -and O -other O -serum O -proteins O -are O -reduced O -by O -high O -concentrations O -of O -urea B-Chemical -and O -by O -low O -PH O -. O - -aps B-category -SK O -- O -N O -- O -MC O -had O -no O -veratridine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -22Na O -+ O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -LA O -- O -N O -- O -1 O -and O -IMR O -- O -32 O -contained O -15 O -and O -5 O -times O -as O -much O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -, O -respectively O -, O -whereas O -LA O -- O -N O -- O -2 O -, O -SK O -- O -N O -- O -SH O -, O -and O -SK O -- O -N O -- O -MC O -contained O -only O -0 O -. O -5 O -to O -5 O -% O -of O -that O -in O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -the O -first O -demonstration O -of O -the O -action O -potential O -Na O -+ O -ionophore O -and O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -production O -in O -human O -neuroblastoma O -cell O -lines O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -cellulose O -isothiocyanate O -has O -been O -prepared O -by O -treatment O -of O -cellulose O -with O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -di O -- O -isocyanatotoluene O -followed O -by O -hydrolysis O -and O -reaction O -of O -the O -resulting O -amine B-Chemical -with O -thiophosgene O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -the O -aromatic O -character O -of O -the O -NCS O -group O -of O -the O -cellulose O -isothiocyanate O -, O -the O -covalently O -bonded O -thiol B-Chemical -can O -be O -quantitatively O -liberated O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -each O -lipid O -, O -the O -apparent O -pK O -in O -the O -surface O -is O -strongly O -dependent O -on O -the O -subphase O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -differs O -from O -expected O -intrinsic O -pK O -in O -the O -bulk O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -administration O -( O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -of O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -inhibitors O -( O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -, O -methazolamide O -, O -dichlorphenamide O -, O -sulthiame O -) O -induced O -an O -early O -important O -rise O -of O -cortical O -p O -O2 O -, O -which O -is O -not O -dependent O -on O -increase O -of O -p O -O2 O -and O -p O -CO2 O -and O -decrease O -of O -pH O -in O -arterial O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Reduction O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dichloroacetate O -and O -by O -insulin O -of O -the O -severe O -hyperlactemia O -following O -phenformin O -administration O -in O -anesthetized O -or O -awake O -dogs O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -infusion O -of O -saralasin B-Chemical -sufficient O -to O -lower O -the O -blood O -pressure O -in O -five O -subjects O -with O -renal O -hypertension O -resulted O -in O -a O -rise O -in O -active O -renin O -concentration O -but O -no O -change O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -inactive O -renin O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agents O -and O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -on O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -renin O -release O -from O -rat O -kidney O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -determined O -the O -effect O -of O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -stimulation O -on O -cyclic B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -( O -cyclic O -AMP O -) O -concentrations O -in O -isolated O -myocytes O -derived O -from O -adult O -rat O -hearts O -and O -in O -isolated O -perfused O -rat O -hearts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -was O -antagonized O -by O -phentolamine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -this O -effect O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -was O -not O -antagonized O -by O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -isolated O -perfused O -rat O -hearts O -epinephrine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -when O -given O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -diminished O -the O -rate O -of O -development O -of O -tension O -and O -also O -reduced O -tissue O -levels O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -catecholamines B-Chemical -may O -increase O -or O -decrease O -cyclic O -AMP O -levels O -in O -rat O -myocardium O -, O -depending O -on O -the O -intensity O -of O -stimulation O -of O -receptor O -types O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -the O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -responsive I-Chemical -form O -, O -the O -correct O -diagnosis O -depends O -upon O -finding O -amniotic O -fluid O -methylmalonate O -, O -because O -cells O -from O -these O -patients O -will O -display O -normal O -methylmalony O -- O -CoA O -mutase O -activity O -after O -adenosylcobalamin O -is O -added O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -intermediate O -- O -term O -effects O -of O -three O -consecutive O -evenings O -of O -moderate O -ethanol B-Chemical -ingestion O -( O -0 O -. O -75 O -g O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -each O -evening O -) O -on O -activity O -values O -for O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -, O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -sera O -of O -nine O -apparently O -healthy O -young O -adults O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -pronounced O -changes O -in O -enzyme O -activity O -for O -the O -group O -of O -volunteers O -were O -: O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -, O -+ O -25 O -% O -at O -60 O -h O -after O -ethanol B-Chemical -ingestion O -; O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -+ O -12 O -% O -at O -60 O -h O -after O -ethanol B-Chemical -; O -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -- O -- O -12 O -% O -at O -60 O -h O -after O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -three O -most O -important O -factors O -affecting O -this O -activity O -were O -drug O -intake O -, O -alcohol B-Chemical -consumption O -, O -and O -excessive O -weight O -, O -followed O -by O -sex O -and O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -radioassay O -in O -which O -oyster O -toadfish O -( O -Opsanus O -tau O -) O -serum O -is O -used O -as O -the O -binding O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -is O -not O -significantly O -affected O -by O -temperature O -, O -the O -presence O -of O -denatured O -proteins O -, O -or O -the O -amount O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -present O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -includes O -synthesis O -of O -canavaninosuccinate O -from O -aspartate B-Chemical -and O -ureidohomoserine O -, O -reductive O -cleavage O -of O -canavaninosuccinate O -to O -form O -guanidinosuccinate O -and O -homoserine O -, O -or O -, O -alternatively O -, O -lytic O -action O -on O -canavaninosuccinate O -to O -form O -fumarate O -and O -canavanine O -, O -and O -transamidination O -to O -glycine B-Chemical -to O -form O -guanidinoacetate O -, O -regenerating O -the O -canaline O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -modes O -of O -expression O -of O -enzyme O -output O -( O -mU O -/ O -min O -or O -U O -/ O -g O -creatinine B-Chemical -) O -gave O -corresponding O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -manual O -method O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -content O -in O -serum O -and O -plasma O -, O -based O -on O -the O -potentiometric O -measurement O -of O -carbonate O -, O -is O -proposed O -and O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -strong O -correlation O -was O -seen O -between O -the O -acidity O -of O -the O -water O -and O -the O -frequency O -of O -clotting O -, O -and O -it O -was O -considered O -possible O -that O -the O -clotting O -was O -due O -to O -structural O -changes O -within O -the O -heparin B-Chemical -molecules O -induced O -by O -the O -low O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -obtained O -were O -compared O -with O -similar O -curves O -previously O -reported O -for O -sotalol B-Chemical -, O -practolol O -, O -and O -atenolol B-Chemical -with O -identical O -experimental O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -Consideration O -of O -the O -additional O -properties O -of O -these O -beta O -adrenoceptor O -- O -blocking O -drugs O -revealed O -that O -both O -practolol O -and O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -have O -intrinsic O -sympathomimetric O -activity O -( O -ISA O -) O -, O -whereas O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -sotalol B-Chemical -do O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -was O -given O -after O -sotalol B-Chemical -or O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -or O -practolol O -was O -given O -after O -sotalol B-Chemical -or O -practolol O -, O -there O -was O -no O -further O -increase O -in O -percentage O -reduction O -in O -EHR O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -atenolol B-Chemical -induces O -effects O -like O -those O -of O -sotalol B-Chemical -, O -which O -are O -quite O -different O -from O -those O -of O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -or O -practolol O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Slow O -acetylators O -have O -higher O -levels O -of O -free O -sulphapyridine O -and O -lower O -levels O -of O -acetylated O -sulphapyridine O -than O -fast O -acetylators O -, O -and O -are O -likely O -to O -have O -more O -toxic O -symptoms O -on O -equivalent O -doses O -of O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -long O -- O -term O -therapy O -of O -ulcerative O -colitis O -doses O -of O -2 O -to O -3g O -/ O -day O -of O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -are O -most O -likely O -to O -sustain O -remissions O -and O -avoid O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -infused O -at O -different O -rates O -reaching O -plasma O -concentrations O -up O -to O -240 O -( O -SEM O -33 O -) O -ng O -/ O -ml O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -this O -reflex O -but O -reduced O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Activity O -of O -peripheral O -and O -central O -catecholaminergic O -neurons O -was O -studied O -in O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -( O -SHR O -) O -and O -deoxycorticosterone B-Chemical -( O -DOCA B-Chemical -) O -- B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -hypertensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -catecholamines B-Chemical -( O -mostly O -adrenaline B-Chemical -) O -were O -not O -significantly O -different O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -forming I-Chemical -enzyme O -was O -elevated O -in O -the O -A1 O -and O -A2 O -regions O -of O -the O -brain O -stem O -of O -4 O -- O -weeks O -- O -old O -SHR O -and O -in O -the O -A1 O -region O -of O -adult O -DOCA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -hypertensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -implicate O -peripheral O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -neurons O -and O -central O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -neurons O -in O -the O -development O -of O -genetic O -and O -experimental O -hypertension O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presynaptic O -mechanisms O -appear O -to O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -release O -during O -nerve O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -postulated O -that O -part O -of O -the O -anti O -- O -hypertensive O -effects O -of O -drugs O -like O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -and O -beta O -- O -receptor O -- O -blocking O -agents O -may O -be O -related O -to O -their O -long O -- O -term O -effects O -on O -presynaptic O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -half O -- O -life O -is O -between O -2 O -and O -4 O -h O -, O -except O -for O -sotalol B-Chemical -( O -10 O -- O -12 O -h O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -. O -beta O -- O -Receptor O -blockade O -is O -usually O -achieved O -in O -these O -concentration O -ranges O -: O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -alprenolol O -, O -50 O -- O -100 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -; O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -500 O -- O -1000 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -; O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -10 O -- O -30 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -; O -sotalol B-Chemical -, O -2 O -- O -6 O -microng O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -stage O -I O -) O -and O -repeated O -after O -1 O -year O -on O -a O -single O -drug O -: O -alprenolol O -( O -n O -equals O -10 O -) O -, O -atenolol B-Chemical -( O -13 O -) O -metoprolol B-Chemical -( O -12 O -) O -and O -timolol B-Chemical -( O -16 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -calculated O -post O -- O -treatment O -total O -peripheral O -resistance O -was O -significantly O -increased O -at O -rest O -and O -during O -exercise O -in O -the O -timolol B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Bendorfluazide O -( O -10 O -mg O -) O -is O -eqivalent O -to O -1 O -- O -6 O -mg O -of O -bumetanide B-Chemical -, O -20 O -mg O -of O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -, O -35 O -mg O -of O -mefruside O -and O -3 O -- O -5 O -mg O -of O -amiloride B-Chemical -together O -with O -35 O -mg O -of O -hydrochlorthiazide O -. O - -aps B-category -Initial O -treatment O -of O -the O -young O -hypertensive O -: O -thiazide B-Chemical -diuretic B-Chemical -or O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -- O -blocking O -agent O -in O -a O -single O -daily O -dose O -? O - -aps B-category -In O -six O -subjects O -there O -was O -no O -significant O -difference O -between O -" O -mean O -blood O -pressure O -" O -when O -taking O -propranolol B-Chemical -doses O -120 O -mg O -with O -breakfast O -, O -60 O -mg O -with O -breakfast O -and O -with O -the O -evening O -meal O -, O -and O -40 O -mg O -with O -each O -meal O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -young O -males O -with O -essential O -hypertension O -, O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -blockers O -were O -more O -effective O -than O -a O -thiazide B-Chemical -diuretic B-Chemical -in O -lowering O -blood O -pressure O -, O -and O -were O -effective O -in O -a O -single O -daily O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Kidney O -slices O -from O -the O -adrenalectomized O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -depleted I-Chemical -rats O -released O -more O -renin O -than O -control O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -tricaine B-Chemical -methanesulfonate O -( O -MS O -- O -222 O -) O -on O -hematocrit O -values O -in O -rainbow O -trout O -( O -Salmo O -gairdneri O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Histochemical O -and O -biochemical O -investigations O -on O -the O -changes O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -content O -in O -the O -adrenal O -tissue O -of O -Xenopus O -laevis O -- O -- O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -Histochemical O -and O -biochemical O -investigations O -on O -the O -changes O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -content O -in O -the O -adrenal O -tissue O -of O -Xenopus O -laevis O -- O -- O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -Immobilization O -of O -harp O -seals O -, O -Phoca O -groenlandica O -, O -by O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Activities O -of O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -, O -acetylcholinesterase O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -, O -4 O -- O -aminobutyrate O -aminotransferase O -and O -carnitine O -acetyltransferase O -in O -nervous O -tissue O -from O -some O -vertebrates O -and O -invertebrates O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -levels O -of O -real O -and O -" O -apparent O -" O -hydralazine B-Chemical -in O -man O -and O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Procedures O -have O -been O -developed O -for O -the O -selective O -analysis O -of O -hydralazine B-Chemical -or O -its O -acid O -- O -labile O -conjugates O -, O -and O -applied O -to O -measurements O -of O -plasma O -concentrations O -in O -rat O -and O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -metabolites O -of O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -in O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -new O -urinary O -metabolites O -of O -the O -drug O -were O -identified O -as O -dihydrodiol O -derivatives O -of O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -and O -nortriptyline B-Chemical -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolite O -was O -identified O -as O -its O -mono O -- O -and O -di B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trifluoroacetyl I-Chemical -derivatives O -by O -comparison O -of O -their O -GC O -and O -GC O -- O -mass O -spectral O -properties O -with O -those O -of O -synthetic O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -d3 O -- O -pyrazole O -greatly O -enhanced O -structural O -assignment O -of O -the O -metabolites O -by O -revealing O -the O -metabolism O -at O -or O -next O -to O -a O -labeled O -carbon B-Chemical -atom O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increase O -in O -the O -disposition O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -to O -the O -mouse O -brain O -was O -observed O -for O -animals O -previously O -exposed O -to O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -if O -similar O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pretreated I-Chemical -mice O -received O -a O -second O -dose O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -sc O -) O -concurrent O -with O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -naloxone I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCl I-Chemical -, O -the O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -enhancement O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -naloxone I-Chemical -concentration O -in O -brain O -was O -unaltered O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -prior O -( O -3 O -hr O -) O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -animals O -, O -administration O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -naloxone I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCl I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -33 O -. O -3 O -micronCi O -/ O -kg O -) O -iv O -resulted O -in O -an O -11 O -. O -0 O -% O -increase O -in O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -naloxone I-Chemical -brain O -concentration O -after O -1 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -enhancement O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -naloxone I-Chemical -brain O -concentration O -could O -be O -seen O -24 O -hr O -after O -morphine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -pretreatment O -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -sc O -) O -, O -a O -decline O -in O -the O -effect O -similar O -to O -that O -seen O -for O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -sensitization O -to O -naloxone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -although O -a O -number O -of O -similarities O -exist O -between O -the O -enhancement O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -brain O -and O -its O -sensitization O -to O -the O -antagonistic O -activity O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -, O -a O -quantitative O -correlation O -appears O -to O -be O -lacking O -between O -the O -two O -phenomena O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -disposition O -of O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -and O -its O -metabolite O -, O -the O -10 O -, O -11 O -- O -epoxide O -, O -was O -investigated O -in O -isolated O -perfused O -livers O -from O -control O -and O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pretreated I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pretreated I-Chemical -rats O -, O -there O -was O -an O -approximately O -40 O -% O -increase O -in O -the O -hepatic O -clearance O -due O -to O -a O -concomitant O -increase O -in O -the O -mean O -extraction O -ratio O -from O -0 O -. O -16 O -to O -0 O -. O -26 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -extraction O -ratio O -of O -the O -epoxide O -in O -this O -situation O -was O -only O -0 O -. O -016 O -and O -it O -was O -unaffected O -by O -prior O -treatment O -of O -the O -rats O -with O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Krebs O -- O -Ringer O -phosphate B-Chemical -solutions O -( O -pH O -6 O -. O -2 O -and O -7 O -. O -4 O -) O -, O -Krebs O -- O -Ringer O -pyrophosphate O -solution O -( O -pH O -8 O -. O -4 O -) O -, O -or O -an O -unbuffered O -salt B-Chemical -solution O -containing O -a O -drug O -were O -administered O -through O -tight O -- O -fitting O -tracheal O -cannulas O -to O -anesthetized O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -these O -results O -, O -compounds O -such O -as O -urea B-Chemical -and O -amitrole O -, O -which O -remain O -completely O -nonionized O -over O -the O -pH O -range O -studied O -, O -showed O -no O -change O -in O -absorption O -rate O -when O -the O -pH O -was O -varied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -in O -the O -culture O -medium O -during O -growth O -of O -the O -cells O -results O -in O -an O -inhibition O -of O -bacterial O -cell O -mass O -and O -an O -increased O -ability O -of O -the O -bacterial O -cell O -to O -carry O -out O -the O -O O -- O -demethylation O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolism O -of O -haloforms O -to O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -GSH O -alone O -did O -not O -serve O -as O -a O -cofactor O -; O -however O -, O -GSH O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -produced O -an O -8 O -- O -fold O -increase O -in O -the O -metabolism O -of O -bromoform O -to O -CO O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolism O -of O -haloforms O -to O -CO O -followed O -the O -halide O -order O -; O -thus O -, O -iodoform O -yielded O -the O -greatest O -amount O -of O -CO O -, O -whereas O -chloroform B-Chemical -yielded O -the O -smallest O -amount O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -hepatic O -aryl O -hydrocarbon O -hydroxylase O -and O -epoxide O -hydrase O -in O -Wistar O -rats O -pretreated O -with O -oral O -methadone B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -when O -male O -rats O -were O -treated O -similarly O -, O -there O -was O -an O -increase O -in O -epoxide O -hydrase O -activity O -to O -212 O -% O -of O -controls O -with O -no O -change O -in O -aryl O -hydrocarbon O -hydroxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -paired O -- O -feeding O -studies O -showed O -the O -elevation O -of O -enzyme O -activity O -to O -be O -due O -to O -the O -methadone B-Chemical -, O -not O -food O -deprivation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -multiple O -forms O -of O -microsomal O -oxidative O -enzymes O -was O -suggested O -by O -the O -effects O -of O -: O -a O -) O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -pretreatment O -, O -b O -) O -drug O -- O -metabolizing O -enzyme O -inhibitors O -, O -and O -c O -) O -variations O -in O -ionic O -strength O -and O -buffer O -composition O -on O -the O -metabolism O -of O -probenecid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -deficit O -was O -also O -associated O -with O -extensive O -and O -intensive O -use O -of O -two O -classes O -of O -drugs O -: O -sedatives O -( O -sleeping O -pills O -and O -minor O -tranquilizers O -) O -and O -opiates O -( O -heroin B-Chemical -and O -other O -narcotic O -drugs O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -intact O -animals O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -feeding O -( O -15 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -instead O -of O -laboratory O -diet O -and O -water O -) O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -TAT O -) O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -pyrrolase O -was O -reconfirmed O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -both O -enzymes O -by O -corticosterone B-Chemical -and O -of O -TAT O -by O -stress O -- O -induced O -release O -of O -glucagon O -may O -play O -a O -role O -in O -this O -reversal O -. O - -aps B-category -Beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonists O -markedly O -stimulate O -cAMP B-Chemical -production O -and O -PTH O -release O -with O -an O -order O -of O -potency O -( O -- O -) O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -( O -- O -) O -epinephrine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -greater O -than O -( O -- O -) O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -a O -beta2 O -- O -type O -adrenergically O -mediated O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -also O -stimulate O -cAMP B-Chemical -accumulation O -, O -but O -the O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -response O -under O -these O -conditions O -is O -only O -3 O -% O -of O -that O -obtained O -with O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -raising O -the O -possibility O -that O -factors O -other O -than O -cAMP B-Chemical -may O -control O -low O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -PTH O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -constants O -also O -were O -in O -reasonable O -agreement O -with O -KA O -' O -S O -and O -KI O -' O -S O -previously O -shown O -for O -effects O -of O -agonists O -and O -antagonists O -on O -cAMP B-Chemical -accumulation O -and O -PTH O -release O -in O -whole O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Testosterone B-Chemical -reserve O -capacity O -in O -prepubertal O -and O -juvenile O -testes O -after O -sugery O -for O -undescended O -testis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Subnormal O -plasma O -testosterone B-Chemical -levels O -were O -found O -in O -only O -2 O -out O -of O -14 O -patients O -with O -bilateral O -and O -4 O -with O -unilateral O -orchidopexy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -basal O -testosterone B-Chemical -levels O -were O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -Estimation O -of O -pregnenolone O -synthesis O -in O -rat O -adrenal O -homogenates O -: O -some O -cofactor O -requirements O -: O -effects O -of O -stress O -, O -hypophysectomy O -, O -cortisone O -and O -ACTH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Aminoglutethimide O -added O -in O -vitro O -inhibited O -cholesterol B-Chemical -sidechain O -cleavage O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -hypophysectomy O -of O -8 O -days O -duration O -resulted O -in O -a O -marked O -diminution O -of O -pregnenolone O -synthesis O -and O -ACTH B-Chemical -replacement O -reversed O -this O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -repeated O -immobilization O -on O -the O -level O -of O -plasma O -corticosterone B-Chemical -and O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -several O -liver O -enzymes O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -adult O -male O -rats O -immobilized O -for O -2 O -. O -5 O -hrs O -daily O -, O -on O -day O -7 O -the O -response O -of O -both O -plasma O -corticosterone B-Chemical -and O -hepatic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -is O -modified O -: O -After O -similar O -increases O -immediately O -after O -immobilization O -as O -in O -aminals O -stressed O -for O -the O -first O -time O -, O -in O -the O -conditioned O -rats O -precocious O -decreases O -to O -initial O -values O -take O -place O -. O - -aps B-category -Tyramine O -oxidase O -and O -UDP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucuronyl I-Chemical -transferase O -activities O -were O -determined O -in O -52 O -diseased O -livers O -obtained O -by O -needle O -biopsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -bile O -duct O -obstruction O -and O -ethinyl B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -administration O -preferentially O -increased O -membrane O -- O -bound O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -activity O -, O -while O -cytosol O -activity O -was O -unaltered O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -phospholipid O -membranes O -and O -detergents O -with O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cardiolipins O -and O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Complex O -mixed O -types O -of O -inhibition O -were O -found O -with O -cardiolipin O -, O -and O -with O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -the O -inhibition O -approximated O -to O -a O -non O -- O -competitive O -interaction O -with O -Ki O -( O -app O -) O -values O -varying O -between O -( O -0 O -. O -9 O -- O -6 O -. O -1 O -) O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -their O -apparent O -regulation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -by O -oestrogens B-Chemical -and O -other O -small O -molecules O -is O -due O -to O -their O -binding O -in O -vitro O -at O -sites O -on O -the O -enzyme O -designed O -for O -binding O -cardiolipin O -, O -when O -the O -enzyme O -is O -functioning O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -the O -anionic O -detergent O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulphate O -and O -the O -cationic O -detergent O -cetyltrimethylammonium O -bromide B-Chemical -quenched O -the O -protein O -fluorescence O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -complex O -formed O -between O -the O -enzyme O -and O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -/ O -phosphatidylcholine O -can O -be O -solubilized O -in O -isooctane O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -existence O -of O -approximately O -two O -moles O -of O -iron B-Chemical -and O -two O -moles O -of O -inorganic O -sulphur O -per O -mole O -of O -protein O -was O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -experiments O -have O -shown O -that O -antibodies O -and O -autoantibodies O -act O -as O -noncompetitive O -inhibitors O -of O -both O -enzymes O -with O -respect O -to O -AMP O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -but O -exhibit O -a O -mixed O -type O -of O -inhibition O -with O -respect O -to O -glycogen O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -polyacrylamide O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -its O -molecular O -weight O -was O -found O -to O -be O -23000 O -- O -24000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -leupeptin O -and O -the O -chloromethyl O -ketone B-Chemical -of O -tosyl O -- O -lysine O -. O - -aps B-category -Anabolic O -ornithine B-Chemical -carbamolytransferase O -of O -Pseudomonas O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -kinetic O -data O -and O -thermodynamic O -properties O -of O -the O -reaction O -, O -it O -appears O -that O -the O -reaction O -mechanism O -is O -the O -same O -as O -for O -ornithine B-Chemical -carbamoyltransferases O -from O -other O -sources O -, O -that O -is O -, O -of O -the O -sequential O -ordered O -type O -, O -where O -carbamoylphosphate O -is O -the O -first O -substrate O -to O -be O -bound O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -the O -last O -product O -to O -be O -released O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reoxidation O -process O -involves O -minimally O -a O -second O -- O -order O -interaction O -between O -reduced O -enzyme O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -leading O -to O -the O -formation O -of O -a O -spectrally O -modified O -enzyme O -intermediate O -, O -and O -a O -subsequent O -first O -- O -order O -step O -converting O -this O -intermediate O -into O -free O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -neutral O -or O -acid O -pH O -the O -interaction O -between O -reduced O -enzyme O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -becomes O -mainly O -rate O -- O -limiting O -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -concentration O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -may O -be O -a O -critical O -factor O -controlling O -enzyme O -activity O -under O -physiological O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alkylation O -reaction O -is O -independent O -of O -pH O -between O -pH O -6 O -- O -9 O -indicating O -that O -amino B-Chemical -, O -imidazole O -or O -phenolic O -groups O -are O -probably O -not O -involved O -in O -this O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -this O -is O -not O -due O -to O -the O -exclusive O -alkylation O -of O -a O -cysteine B-Chemical -residue O -, O -since O -alkylation O -with O -iodo O -- O -[ O -2 O -- O -14C O -] O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -also O -labels O -a O -methionine B-Chemical -residue O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -probable O -cause O -of O -the O -erroneous O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -titration O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reactivity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -towards O -tetranitromethane O -is O -also O -changed O -. O - -aps B-category -Peroxidate O -oxidation O -seems O -to O -lead B-Chemical -to O -an O -alteration O -of O -the O -nature O -of O -the O -' O -sugar O -solvent O -' O -and O -disturbs O -the O -conformation O -of O -the O -sugar O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -is O -reported O -, O -and O -the O -absorption O -coefficient O -, O -A1 O -/ O -280 O -% O -, O -estimated O -from O -dry O -weight O -measurements O -is O -11 O -. O -8 O -cm O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolongation O -of O -rat O -renal O -allograft O -survival O -by O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -and O -intravenous O -donor O -- O -specific O -antigens O -. O - -aps B-category -Alterations O -of O -lipid O -metabolism O -in O -healthy O -volunteers O -during O -long O -- O -term O -ethanol B-Chemical -intake O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ethanol B-Chemical -was O -divided O -into O -five O -daily O -doses O -and O -taken O -so O -that O -blood O -ethanol B-Chemical -levels O -never O -exceeded O -0 O -. O -04 O -% O -( O -w O -/ O -v O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increase O -of O -alpha O -- O -lipoprotein O -concentrations O -, O -which O -correlated O -significantly O -with O -the O -decrease O -in O -plasma O -TG O -levels O -and O -the O -increase O -in O -adipose O -LLA O -, O -was O -also O -observed O -during O -the O -ethanol B-Chemical -intake O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Ultrastructural O -and O -cytochemical O -examinations O -of O -the O -biopsy O -specimens O -showed O -hyperplasia O -of O -the O -smooth O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -, O -and O -increased O -canallicular O -activity O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transferase O -( O -gamma O -- O -GT O -) O -activity O -in O -most O -subjects O -towards O -the O -end O -of O -and O -after O -the O -ethanol B-Chemical -intake O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bioavailability O -of O -chlorpropamide B-Chemical -from O -two O -new O -formulations O -( O -Melitase O -tablets O -) O -has O -been O -compared O -to O -that O -from O -a O -reference O -formulation O -which O -is O -currently O -in O -clinical O -use O -as O -a O -hypoglycaemic O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -all O -three O -formulations O -were O -shown O -to O -have O -similar O -dissolution O -profiles O -, O -dissolution O -of O -chlorpropamide B-Chemical -was O -pH O -- O -dependent O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -incubation O -reduced O -the O -relaxant O -effects O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -but O -not O -of O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -, O -theophylline B-Chemical -or O -sodium B-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -indomethacin B-Chemical -prevented O -induction O -of O -tachyphylaxis O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -we O -gave O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -intramuscularly O -to O -guinea O -pigs O -, O -airway O -sensitivity O -to O -aerosolized O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -unchanged O -but O -the O -toxicity O -of O -parenterally O -administered O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -tachyphylaxis O -may O -not O -explain O -increased O -toxicity O -of O -parenteral O -histamine B-Chemical -after O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -neurohumoral O -modulators O -on O -the O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hyperthermia O -in O -non O -- O -tolerant O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -commonly O -used O -rats O -, O -in O -which O -morphine B-Chemical -induced O -dose O -- O -dependent O -changes O -in O -body O -temperature O -, O -the O -initial O -administration O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -5 O -, O -10 O -, O -20 O -, O -and O -40 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -to O -rats O -of O -this O -particular O -strain O -produced O -a O -consistent O -and O -prominent O -hyperthermia O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -of O -animals O -with O -p O -- O -chlorophenylalanine O -, O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltyrosine I-Chemical -, O -phenoxybenzamine O -or O -propranolol B-Chemical -did O -not O -alter O -the O -hyperthermia O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -morphine B-Chemical -causes O -hyperthermia O -in O -some O -strains O -of O -rats O -by O -a O -cholinergic O -mechanism O -and O -the O -involvement O -of O -an O -adrenergic O -or O -serotonergic O -mechanism O -in O -this O -case O -appears O -unlikely O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -implanted O -with O -chronic O -catheters O -in O -the O -spinal O -subarachnoid O -space O -were O -given O -twice O -daily O -injections O -for O -7 O -days O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -, O -either O -intrathecally O -into O -the O -lumbar O -subarachnoid O -space O -( O -15 O -or O -50 O -microng O -) O -or O -i O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -Injection O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -into O -the O -spinal O -cord O -of O -animals O -exposed O -to O -i O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -naloxone B-Chemical -in O -animals O -tolerant O -to O -intrathecal O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -yielded O -a O -hyperreflexia O -and O -extreme O -sensitivity O -to O -handling O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -in O -the O -acrosome O -reaction O -of O -sea O -urchin O -sperm O -: O -regulation O -of O -exocytosis O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -stimuli O -of O -different O -modality O -sodium B-Chemical -ethaminal O -was O -found O -to O -inhibit O -evoked O -potentials O -of O -the O -cerebral O -hemispheres O -, O -diencephalon O -and O -midbrain O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -staged O -on O -rats O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -formation O -of O -pathological O -states O -caused O -by O -stress O -and O -accompained O -by O -the O -development O -of O -ulcerative O -lesion O -of O -the O -gastric O -mucosa O -are O -associated O -with O -the O -degree O -of O -the O -catecholamines B-Chemical -level O -drop O -in O -the O -mesencephalon O -and O -hypothalamus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protective O -effect O -produced O -by O -the O -combination O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -with O -an O -L O -- O -adrenoblocking O -agent O -- O -- O -pyroxan O -is O -barred O -by O -an O -additional O -administration O -of O -an O -beta O -- O -adrenoblocking O -agent O -- O -- O -inderal O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -pharmacological O -experiments O -phencarol O -is O -superior O -to O -dimedrol O -( O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -) O -, O -both O -as O -concerns O -its O -antihistaminic O -activity O -and O -the O -duration O -of O -its O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Study O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -corticosterone B-Chemical -on O -erythrocyte O -membranes O -by O -the O -spin O -label O -method O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -exists O -a O -correlation O -between O -the O -maximal O -variation O -region O -in O -the O -rotational O -diffusion O -" O -frequency O -" O -of O -the O -spin O -- O -labels O -, O -covalently O -linked O -with O -the O -membrane O -protein O -, O -and O -the O -hormones O -concentration O -range O -within O -which O -the O -effect O -of O -corticosterone B-Chemical -on O -the O -functions O -of O -the O -erythrocyte O -membranes O -manifests O -itself O -to O -the O -greatest O -degree O -( O -permeability O -to O -ions O -, O -hemolytic O -effects O -, O -etc O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -characterization O -of O -rat O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chromophore O -( O -purple O -complex O -) O -of O -bacteriorhodopsin O -is O -reduced O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -borohydride O -upon O -illumination O -to O -RPhv O -with O -a O -three O -- O -peaked O -absorption O -band O -at O -360 O -nm O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Na O -+ O -- O -gradient O -( O -Na O -+ O -out O -greater O -than O -Na O -+ O -in O -) O -, O -which O -arises O -during O -illumination O -, O -plays O -a O -major O -role O -in O -energizing O -the O -active O -transport O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Vesicles O -prepared O -from O -Halobacterium O -halobium O -cell O -envelopes O -accumulate O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -response O -to O -light O -- O -induced O -electrical O -and O -chemical O -gradients O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -activated I-Chemical -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -for O -18 O -of O -these O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -has O -been O -shown O -to O -occur O -in O -direct O -response O -to O -the O -protonmotive O -force O -generated O -. O - -aps B-category -Michaelis O -constants O -for O -the O -uptake O -of O -these O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -are O -close O -or O -identical O -whether O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -are O -accumulated O -in O -response O -to O -a O -sodium B-Chemical -gradient O -or O -a O -protonmotive O -force O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -electrical O -gradient O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Available O -evidence O -suggests O -that O -these O -carriers O -are O -symmetrical O -in O -that O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -can O -be O -transported O -equally O -well O -in O -both O -directions O -across O -the O -vesicle O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Extractive O -and O -photometric O -determination O -of O -physostigmine B-Chemical -and O -platyphylline O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -pregnant O -women O -and O -three O -pregnant O -sheep O -received O -400 O -mg O -of O -para B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hippurate I-Chemical -( O -PAH O -) O -intraaminotically O -. O - -aps B-category -Repeated O -extra O -- O -amniotic O -administration O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F2alpha O -for O -midtrimester O -abortion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -doses O -varied O -from O -16 O -to O -24 O -depending O -on O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -response O -to O -the O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pregnancies O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -copper B-Chemical -intra O -- O -uterine O -devices O -. O - -aps B-category -Estrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -progesterone I-Chemical -withdrawal O -bleeding O -in O -diagnosis O -of O -early O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -treatment O -group O -received O -an O -intramuscular O -injection O -of O -50 O -mg O -progesterone B-Chemical -and O -3 O -mg O -oestradiol O -benzoate O -in O -oil O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -electrode O -, O -tested O -in O -vitro O -, O -has O -a O -low O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -, O -a O -short O -response O -time O -, O -10 O -sec O -, O -and O -a O -sufficient O -stability O -, O -5 O -% O -over O -3 O -hr O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -as O -an O -antagonist O -to O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -was O -evaluated O -on O -a O -series O -of O -16 O -women O -during O -spontaneous O -labour O -in O -the O -ninth O -month O -of O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -no O -correlation O -between O -the O -obstetric O -state O -( O -the O -degree O -of O -cervical O -dilation O -, O -or O -effacement O -or O -rupture O -of O -membranes O -) O -at O -the O -time O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -administration O -and O -the O -uterine O -response O -, O -or O -the O -speed O -of O -return O -to O -the O -normal O -curve O -of O -Friedman O -. O - -aps B-category -Iron B-Chemical -deficiency O -anaemia O -in O -Nigerian O -pregnant O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -the O -bone O -marrow O -as O -the O -diagnostic O -index O -, O -90 O -% O -of O -these O -patients O -were O -found O -to O -be O -iron B-Chemical -deficient O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -should O -, O -therefore O -, O -be O -given O -iron B-Chemical -supplement O -in O -addition O -to O -the O -present O -practice O -of O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -antimalarials O -, O -throughout O -pregnancy O -and O -the O -puerperium O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -if O -one O -or O -more O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -tablets O -are O -missed O -during O -a O -cycle O -, O -the O -resulting O -deficiency O -may O -cause O -breakthrough O -bleeding O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -analysis O -of O -the O -data O -shows O -that O -the O -normal O -chance O -of O -breakthrough O -bleeding O -on O -a O -particular O -day O -when O -one O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -tablet O -is O -not O -missed O -on O -the O -previous O -day O -is O -0 O -. O -017 O -, O -0 O -. O -022 O -, O -and O -0 O -. O -022 O -for O -Ovral O -, O -Norinyl O -, O -Norlestrin O -users O -, O -but O -the O -chance O -on O -the O -day O -after O -a O -contraceptive O -tablet O -is O -missed O -increased O -by O -13 O -to O -16 O -times O -for O -each O -of O -the O -three O -OCs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -safety O -and O -effectiveness O -of O -two O -intraamniotic O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F2alpha O -( O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -) O -dose O -schedules O -( O -a O -single O -50 O -mg O -dose O -and O -a O -repeated O -25 O -mg O -dose O -) O -and O -intraamniotic O -hypertonic O -saline O -were O -evaluated O -in O -a O -study O -where O -each O -abortion O -procedure O -was O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -50 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -repeated O -25 O -mg O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -dose O -schedule O -resulted O -in O -higher O -24 O -- O -hour O -( O -68 O -. O -0 O -% O -) O -and O -48 O -- O -hour O -( O -98 O -. O -0 O -% O -) O -cumulative O -abortion O -rates O -than O -the O -50 O -mg O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -dose O -schedule O -( O -54 O -. O -0 O -% O -, O -92 O -. O -0 O -% O -) O -or O -saline O -( O -34 O -. O -7 O -% O -, O -91 O -. O -8 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -assessment O -of O -the O -side O -effects O -of O -switching O -from O -one O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -to O -another O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absence O -of O -this O -phenomenon O -in O -some O -fetal O -cervices O -supports O -the O -hypothesis O -of O -embryologic O -displacement O -rather O -than O -stimulation O -by O -maternal O -estrogens B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17 I-Chemical -beta O -as O -an O -index O -of O -fetoplacental O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Serial O -estimation O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17 I-Chemical -beta O -were O -not O -found O -to O -be O -useful O -in O -the O -prediction O -of O -intra O -- O -uterine O -death O -, O -although O -low O -values O -were O -obtained O -after O -fetal O -death O -has O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -, O -nucleotide B-Chemical -phosophate O -, O -and O -organic O -and O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -levels O -during O -the O -early O -phases O -of O -diabetic O -ketoacidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -steady O -drop O -in O -serum O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -found O -during O -the O -first O -24 O -hours O -of O -insulin O -treatment O -and O -was O -most O -profound O -at O -24 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -levels O -of O -total O -red O -cell O -phosphate B-Chemical -were O -lower O -in O -this O -group O -of O -patients O -than O -in O -nonacidotic O -diabetic O -subjects O -and O -decreased O -slightly O -after O -24 O -hours O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -view O -of O -the O -current O -evidence O -for O -the O -effects O -of O -low O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -on O -oxygen B-Chemical -delivery O -and O -the O -relation O -of O -low O -serum O -phosphate B-Chemical -levels O -to O -RBC O -glycolysis O -and O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -formation O -, O -this O -study O -reemphasizes O -the O -need O -for O -phosphate B-Chemical -replacement O -during O -the O -early O -phases O -of O -treatment O -of O -DKA O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -anticancer O -chemicals O -containing O -a O -quinone O -group O -were O -found O -to O -stimulate O -the O -aerobic O -oxidation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -by O -liver O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fact O -that O -a O -catalytic O -amount O -( O -20 O -micronM O -) O -of O -these O -anticancer O -chemicals O -was O -sufficient O -to O -oxidize O -all O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -( O -100 O -micronM O -) O -indicates O -that O -they O -function O -as O -electron O -carries O -from O -the O -flavoprotein O -to O -molecular O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Carbazilquinone O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -others O -, O -also O -stimulated O -the O -microsomal O -NADH O -oxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -markers O -of O -chronic O -hepatocellular O -disease O -including O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotrasferase O -, O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -and O -bilirubin B-Chemical -were O -normal O -in O -late O -specimens O -from O -these O -3 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Fourteen O -received O -long O -term O -prednisone B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -maintenance O -of O -disease O -suppression O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -71 O -of O -433 O -singleton O -breech O -deliveries O -( O -16 O -% O -) O -the O -breech O -delivery O -was O -induced O -by O -oxytocin B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -the O -activity O -of O -adrenergic O -receptors O -on O -the O -accumulation O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -in O -rat O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -Undissociated O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -and O -non O -- O -pepsin O -protein O -concentrations O -were O -calculated O -as O -derived O -quantities O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -in O -duodenal O -ulcer O -patients O -either O -not O -all O -non O -- O -pepsin O -protein O -takes O -part O -in O -buffering O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -secreted O -by O -parietal O -cells O -, O -or O -that O -non O -- O -protein O -buffers O -play O -a O -more O -important O -role O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -temporary O -reactions O -, O -however O -, O -antiphlogistic O -drugs O -and O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -are O -sufficient O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -variants O -found O -in O -Japan O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -basal O -nutrient O -medium O -contained O -Murashige O -and O -Skoog O -salts O -, O -3 O -% O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -100 O -mg O -per O -1 O -i B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inositol I-Chemical -, O -and O -0 O -. O -4 O -mg O -per O -1 O -thiamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCl I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Primary O -cultures O -of O -10 O -- O -day O -embryonic O -chick O -neural O -retinas O -were O -used O -to O -investigate O -early O -aspects O -of O -the O -mechanism O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -action O -on O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Time O -course O -studies O -indicated O -that O -the O -increase O -in O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -observed O -after O -24 O -hr O -in O -culture O -resulted O -from O -a O -two O -- O -phase O -rise O -in O -activity O -and O -that O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -was O -effective O -in O -suppressing O -the O -second O -- O -phase O -rise O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -Casamino O -Acids O -found O -to O -be O -necessary O -for O -growth O -and O -enterotoxin O -synthesis O -were O -proline O -, O -serine O -, O -aspartic O -acid O -, O -and O -alanine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -vitamins O -, O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -or O -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -to O -the O -defined O -medium O -slightly O -increased O -levels O -of O -ST O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biochemical O -evidence O -implicating O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -in O -the O -phenomena O -of O -tolerance O -and O -physical O -dependence O -is O -described O -, O -and O -the O -six O -major O -biochemical O -and O -physiological O -theories O -are O -reviewed O -, O -emphasizing O -their O -close O -ties O -( O -differing O -sometimes O -only O -linguistically O -) O -with O -late O -nineteenth O -century O -theories O -of O -tolerance O -and O -physical O -dependence O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -at O -a O -dose O -( O -62 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -which O -causes O -the O -same O -changes O -in O -arterial O -partial O -oxygen B-Chemical -pressure O -and O -arterial O -pH O -does O -not O -influence O -the O -coagulation O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -zinc B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -the O -dorsolateral O -prostate O -of O -rats O -was O -studied O -after O -different O -hormonal O -manipulations O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyproterone B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -reduced O -the O -weight O -but O -not O -the O -radioactivity O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -an O -important O -role O -for O -prolactin O -in O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -the O -dorsolateral O -prostate O -but O -not O -in O -the O -ventral O -prostate O -. O - -aps B-category -Ammonia B-Chemical -toxicity O -in O -cattle O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -extra O -pyramidal O -syndromes O -due O -to O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -given O -with O -chloroquin O -- O -- O -possible O -drug O -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolism O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -as O -a O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -by O -Pseudomonas O -citronellolis O -occurred O -via O -a O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -( O -NAD O -) O -- O -independent O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -which O -was O -present O -in O -cells O -grown O -on O -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -but O -was O -not O -present O -in O -cells O -grown O -on O -acetate O -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -, O -citrate B-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -or O -malate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -enzymes O -were O -particulate O -and O -used O -dichlorophenolindo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenol I-Chemical -or O -oxygen B-Chemical -as O -an O -electron O -acceptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -enzyme O -activities O -suggest O -that O -gluconeogenesis O -from O -noncarbohydrate O -carbon B-Chemical -sources O -occurs O -via O -the O -malate B-Chemical -enzyme O -( O -when O -oxalacetate O -decarboxylase O -is O -inhibited O -) O -or O -a O -combination O -of O -the O -NAD O -- O -independent O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -oxalacetate O -decarboxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphoribulokinase O -from O -Nitrobacter O -winogradskyi O -: O -activation O -by O -reduced O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -and O -inhibition O -by O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -spinach O -enzyme O -had O -also O -no O -requirement O -for O -reduced O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -, O -it O -appears O -that O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -interferes O -only O -with O -the O -binding O -of O -NADH O -and O -not O -with O -the O -binding O -of O -ribulose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- O -triphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrophoresis O -indicated O -only O -one O -acid O -and O -one O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -in O -phosphorus B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -satisfied I-Chemical -and O -phosphorus B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -depleted I-Chemical -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Ribose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -was O -the O -best O -for O -cell O -multiplication O -, O -and O -its O -utility O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -due O -to O -the O -cell O -' O -s O -ability O -to O -use O -the O -ribose O -as O -well O -as O -the O -orthophosphatase O -for O -cell O -multiplication O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -, O -urea B-Chemical -, O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -on O -growth O -of O -Ureaplasma O -urealyticum O -( O -T O -- O -strain O -mycoplasma O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -, O -therefore O -, O -possible O -to O -observe O -the O -effect O -of O -repeated O -additions O -of O -urea B-Chemical -to O -the O -culture O -without O -alkalinization O -of O -the O -growth O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -U O -. O -urealyticum O -urease O -activity O -was O -localized O -in O -the O -cytoplasmic O -fraction O -, O -whereas O -the O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -activity O -was O -localized O -in O -the O -membrane O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intracellular O -localization O -of O -the O -urease O -would O -be O -expected O -to O -release O -ammonia B-Chemical -from O -urea B-Chemical -in O -the O -cytoplasm O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degree O -of O -protection O -afforded O -the O -enzyme O -from O -pH O -denaturation O -appears O -to O -be O -dependent O -upon O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -complete O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -in O -the O -outer O -membrane O -of O -these O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -Nonspecific O -acid O -phosphatase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -) O -hydrolyzes O -a O -variety O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -esters O -, O -including O -nucleotides O -and O -sugar O -phosphates O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -new O -mutations O -are O -described O -which O -, O -together O -, O -eliminate O -essentially O -all O -the O -aminotransferase O -activity O -required O -for O -de O -novo O -biosynthesis O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -phenylalanine O -, O -and O -aspartic O -acid O -in O -a O -K O -- O -12 O -strain O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -mutation O -, O -aspC O -, O -maps O -at O -about O -20 O -min O -and O -inactivates O -a O -nonrespressible O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -that O -also O -has O -activity O -on O -the O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -studies O -on O -extracts O -of O -strains O -carrying O -combinations O -of O -these O -aminotransferase O -mutations O -confirm O -the O -existence O -of O -two O -distinct O -enzymes O -with O -overlapping O -specificities O -for O -the O -alpha O -- O -keto O -acid O -analogues O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -phenylalanine O -, O -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -extracts O -of O -an O -ilvE O -- O -tyrB O -- O -aspC O -- O -triple O -mutant O -, O -no O -aminotransferase O -activity O -for O -the O -alpha O -- O -keto O -acids O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -phenylalanine O -, O -or O -aspartate B-Chemical -could O -be O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -Investigation O -of O -a O -number O -of O -energy O -sources O -for O -B O -. O -melaninogenicus O -showed O -that O -glutamine B-Chemical -was O -active O -in O -driving O -the O -incorporation O -of O -3KDS O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glutamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -driven I-Chemical -system O -is O -sensitive O -to O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dinitrophenol O -, O -azide O -, O -N O -, O -N O -' O -- O -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide O -, O -and O -carbonyl O -cyanide O -m O -- O -chlorophenylhydrazone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cytochrome O -- O -free O -mutant O -of O -B O -. O -melaninogenicus O -, O -strain O -S O -, O -incorporates O -3KDS O -in O -a O -manner O -similar O -to O -the O -parent O -strain O -when O -glutamine B-Chemical -is O -used O -to O -drive O -the O -reaction O -; O -NADH O -or O -asparagine O -, O -however O -, O -are O -ineffective O -when O -used O -with O -strain O -S O -. O -Vitamin B-Chemical -K I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -depleted I-Chemical -cells O -of O -B O -. O -melaninogenicus O -are O -similar O -to O -vitamin B-Chemical -K I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -grown I-Chemical -cells O -, O -when O -glutamine B-Chemical -or O -NADH O -is O -used O -to O -drive O -the O -3KDS O -incorporation O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -energization O -of O -the O -membrane O -of O -B O -. O -melaninogenicus O -by O -glutamine B-Chemical -or O -the O -electron O -transport O -system O -by O -NADH O -or O -asparagine O -is O -required O -for O -sphingolipid O -and O -other O -phospholipid O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -pH O -and O -growth O -density O -on O -the O -amount O -of O -an O -extracellular O -enzyme O -, O -galactose B-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -synthesized O -by O -the O -fungus O -Dactylium O -dendroides O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Cycloheximide O -addition O -failed O -to O -inhibit O -the O -appearance O -of O -this O -protein O -; O -[ O -3H O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -added O -prior O -to O -pH O -adjustment O -was O -not O -incorporated O -into O -the O -released O -protein O -, O -These O -observations O -indicate O -the O -released O -protein O -is O -not O -newly O -synthesized O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -cultures O -grown O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -and O -maintained O -at O -a O -lower O -cell O -density O -produced O -galactose B-Chemical -oxidase O -at O -a O -level O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -cells O -grown O -at O -neutral O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -observed O -effects O -on O -protein O -synthesis O -and O -release O -were O -rather O -specific O -for O -galactose B-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -since O -other O -extracellular O -proteins O -appeared O -in O -the O -earliest O -stages O -of O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -CO2 O -acts O -as O -a O -buffer O -, O -keeping O -the O -pH O -at O -the O -optimal O -range O -for O -Ureaplasma O -growth O -( O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -to O -6 O -. O -5 O -) O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -ammonia B-Chemical -produced O -from O -the O -urea B-Chemical -hydrolyzed O -by O -the O -organisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Small O -amounts O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -improved O -growth O -in O -an O -atmosphere O -of O -CO2 O -, O -apparently O -fulfilling O -a O -nutritional O -role O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -which O -had O -been O -added O -to O -increase O -the O -tonicity O -of O -the O -medium O -inhibited O -growth O -above O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -. O -An O -increase O -in O -the O -agar O -concentration O -above O -2 O -% O -resulted O -in O -decreased O -colony O -size O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -had O -essentially O -the O -same O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -and O -immunologically O -cross O -- O -reacted O -with O -each O -other O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphorylcholine O -and O -cytidine O -diphosphocholine O -as O -well O -as O -two O -enzyme O -activities O -, O -a O -choline B-Chemical -kinase O -and O -a O -cytidine O -diphosphocholine O -pyrophosphorylase O -, O -were O -identified O -in O -pneumococcal O -extracts O -. O - -aps B-category -Besides O -catalyzing O -the O -formation O -of O -homocysteine O -from O -O O -- O -acetylhomoserine O -and O -sulfide O -, O -it O -also O -catalyzed O -the O -syntheses O -of O -O O -- O -alkylhomoserines O -corresponding O -to O -the O -alcohols O -added O -form O -O O -- O -acetylhomoserine O -and O -ethyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -n O -- O -propylalcohol O -, O -n O -- O -butyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -methyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -and O -n O -- O -pentyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -its O -activities O -with O -these O -alcohols O -decreasing O -in O -that O -order O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -lysozyme O -is O -reacted O -with O -4 O -- O -chloro O -- O -7 O -- O -nitrobenz O -- O -2 O -- O -oxa O -- O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -diazole O -( O -NBD O -- O -CL O -) O -, O -A O -1 O -: O -1 O -covalent O -product O -is O -produced O -, O -in O -which O -the O -NBD O -group O -arylates O -the O -phenolic O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -group O -of O -Tyr O -- O -23 O -( O -Aboderin O -, O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -the O -spectral O -change O -accompanying O -the O -formation O -of O -the O -sigma O -complex O -has O -been O -investigated O -with O -a O -rapid O -mixing O -stopped O -flow O -spectrophotometer O -both O -in O -the O -modified O -enzyme O -and O -in O -the O -low O -molecular O -weight O -model O -compounds O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -( O -O O -- O -NBD O -) O -- O -L O -- O -tyrosinamide O -and O -glycyl O -- O -( O -O O -- O -NBD O -) O -- B-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Investigation O -of O -NADP O -- O -dependent O -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductase O -activity O -in O -mouse O -liver O -led O -to O -the O -finding O -that O -two O -distinct O -reductases O -are O -separable O -by O -DE52 O -ion O -exchange O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -two O -NADP O -- O -linked O -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductases O -in O -liver O -has O -apparently O -not O -heretofore O -been O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -present O -enzyme O -preparation O -binds O -1 O -mol O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfoximine O -phosphate B-Chemical -per O -mol O -of O -enzyme O -; O -it O -also O -differs O -from O -the O -enzyme O -obtained O -earlier O -in O -exhibiting O -much O -less O -ATPase O -activity O -and O -less O -activity O -in O -catalyzing O -ATP O -- O -dependent O -cyclization O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -New O -information O -has O -been O -obtained O -about O -the O -interaction O -of O -the O -enzyme O -with O -glutamate B-Chemical -analogs O -; O -thus O -, O -the O -enzyme O -is O -active O -with O -such O -glutamate B-Chemical -analogs O -as O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -, O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -, O -and O -threo O -- O -beta O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -L O -- O -glutanate O -, O -and O -it O -is O -effectively O -inhibited O -by O -cis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, O -3 O -- O -dicarboxycyclonexane O -, O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphonobutyrate I-Chemical -, O -and O -gamma O -- O -methylglutamate O -. O - -aps B-category -gamma O -- O -Glutamylcysteine O -synthetase O -is O -inactivated O -by O -incubation O -with O -low O -concentrations O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloropentanoate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Glutamate I-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -or O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -, O -protected O -against O -inactivation O -and O -the O -protective O -effect O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -was O -increased O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -ATP O -or O -ADP O -. O - -aps B-category -Iodoacetamide O -also O -inhibited O -the O -enzyme O -; O -however O -, O -this O -reagent O -is O -much O -less O -effective O -than O -the O -chloroketone O -and O -inhibition O -by O -iodoacetamide O -is O -less O -effectively O -prevented O -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Indolyl O -- O -3 O -- O -alkane O -alpha O -- O -hydroxylase O -, O -a O -novel O -tryptophan B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -metabolizing I-Chemical -enzyme O -, O -was O -prepared O -in O -crystalline O -form O -from O -soil O -isolate O -organism O -Pseudomonas O -XA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -catalyzes O -hydroxylation O -on O -the O -side O -chain O -of O -a O -variety O -of O -3 O -- O -substituted O -indole O -compounds O -, O -including O -certain O -tryptophan B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -oligopeptides O -. O - -aps B-category -Nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -studies O -indicated O -that O -hydroxylation O -always O -took O -place O -at O -the O -same O -position O -when O -the O -substrate O -was O -tryptophan B-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -, O -tryptophol O -, O -indole O -- O -3 O -- O -propionate O -, O -or O -indole O -- O -3 O -- O -butyrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -inhibited O -by O -potassium B-Chemical -cyanide O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -) O -or O -hydroxylamine O -( O -1mM O -) O -, O -but O -not O -by O -NaBH4 O -( O -25 O -mM O -) O -, O -aminooxyacetic O -acid O -( O -7mM O -) O -, O -quinacrine O -( O -1 O -mM O -) O -, O -chlortetracycline O -( O -1 O -mM O -) O -, O -p O -- O -mercuribenzoate O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -) O -, O -or O -ethylenediaminetetraacetate O -( O -1 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -monoglucuronide O -from O -unconjugated O -bilirubin B-Chemical -requires O -a O -microsomal O -enzyme O -, O -UDP O -- O -glucuronate O -glucuronyltransferase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -17 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -highest O -specific O -activity O -for O -bilirubin B-Chemical -diglucuronide O -formation O -occurred O -in O -a O -fraction O -highly O -enriched O -in O -plasma O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -unconjugated O -bilirubin B-Chemical -was O -infused O -intravenously O -into O -rats O -at O -rates O -exceeding O -the O -maximal O -hepatic O -excretory O -capacity O -, O -bilirubin B-Chemical -monoglucuronide O -accumulated O -in O -serum O -and O -bilirubin B-Chemical -diglucuronide O -was O -found O -exclusively O -in O -bile O -as O -the O -predominant O -bilirubin B-Chemical -metabolite O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversion O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -monoglucuronide O -to O -bilirubin B-Chemical -diglucuronide O -may O -play O -a O -role O -in O -the O -transport O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -glucuronides O -from O -liver O -to O -bile O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -enzyme O -which O -catalyzes O -the O -oxidation O -of O -the O -side O -chain O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -and O -other O -indole O -derivatives O -, O -has O -been O -purified O -to O -apparent O -homogeneity O -from O -Pseudomonas O -and O -crystallized O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -enzyme O -was O -shown O -to O -catalyze O -the O -reaction O -in O -which O -1 O -mol O -each O -of O -NH3 O -and O -CO2 O -was O -formed O -at O -the O -expense O -of O -1 O -mol O -each O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -and O -molecular O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -variety O -of O -other O -indole O -derivatives O -such O -as O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -, O -tryptamine O -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -melatonin B-Chemical -, O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -, O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -L O -- O -tryptophanamide O -, O -3 O -- O -indoleacetamide O -, O -3 O -- O -indolelactic O -acid O -, O -3 O -- O -indolepropionic O -acid O -, O -3 O -- O -indoleethanol O -, O -and O -skatole O -were O -also O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -Concanavalin O -A O -added O -to O -intact O -cells O -at O -37 O -degrees O -caused O -rapid O -and O -reversible O -inactivation O -of O -a O -soluble O -enzyme O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -in O -two O -lines O -of O -rat O -hepatoma O -tissue O -culture O -cells O -grown O -in O -monolayer O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -lectins O -known O -to O -bind O -to O -different O -sugars O -did O -not O -bring O -about O -the O -inactivation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -of O -concanavalin O -A O -could O -not O -be O -mimicked O -either O -by O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -or O -guanosine B-Chemical -monophosphoric O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -32P O -] O -Spectrin O -was O -separated O -from O -actin O -and O -other O -proteins O -and O -isolated O -in O -a O -nonaggregated O -state O -as O -a O -So20 O -, O -w O -= O -7 O -S O -( O -in O -0 O -. O -3 O -mM O -NaPO4 O -) O -or O -So20 O -, O -w O -= O -8 O -S O -( O -in O -20 O -mM O -KCl O -, O -0 O -. O -3 O -mM O -NaPO4 O -) O -protein O -after O -sedimentation O -on O -linear O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -was O -abolished O -by O -pretreatment O -of O -vesicles O -with O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -or O -with O -0 O -. O -1 O -microng O -/ O -ml O -of O -trypsin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -exogenous O -thyroid O -hormones O -( O -thyroxine B-Chemical -and O -triiodothyronine O -) O -on O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -in O -the O -rat O -myocardium O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increased O -numbers O -of O -receptors O -may O -be O -responsible O -, O -at O -least O -in O -part O -, O -for O -the O -enhanced O -catecholamine B-Chemical -sensitivity O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -- O -coupled O -cardiac O -responses O -in O -the O -hyperthyroid O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -properties O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -glucagon O -are O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -125I O -- O -glucagon O -, O -and O -the O -implications O -of O -the O -actions O -of O -GTP O -on O -glucagon O -binding O -are O -discussed O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -overall O -regulation O -of O -adenylate O -cyclase O -by O -hormone O -and O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -majority O -of O -sites O -of O -action O -in O -DNA O -exposed O -to O -ultraviolet O -light O -or O -OsO4 O -appear O -to O -be O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stable I-Chemical -, O -but O -those O -in O -DNA O -exposed O -to O -x O -- O -rays O -or O -acid O -are O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -from O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -column O -chromatography O -and O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -under O -nondenaturing O -conditions O -revealed O -only O -one O -enzyme O -activity O -in O -HeLa O -cell O -extracts O -which O -was O -capable O -of O -selectively O -hydrolyzing O -m7G O -( O -5 O -' O -) O -pppN O -to O -yield O -m7pG O -+ O -ppN O -( O -where O -N O -= O -2 O -' O -- O -O O -- O -methylated O -or O -unmethylated O -ribonucleosides O -or O -oligonucleotides O -of O -up O -to O -8 O -to O -10 O -nucleosides B-Chemical -in O -length O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -trimethylated O -guanosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -terminal O -structure O -derived O -from O -U O -- O -2 O -RNA O -was O -found O -not O -to O -serve O -as O -substrate O -, O -and O -7 O -- O -methylinosine O -, O -unlike O -7 O -- O -methylguanosine O -, O -was O -not O -an O -effective O -inhibitor O -of O -m7G O -( O -5 O -' O -) O -pppG O -hydrolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -activity O -is O -stimulated O -by O -0 O -. O -2 O -to O -0 O -. O -3 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -and O -is O -unusually O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -liver O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -induced O -by O -injection O -of O -thioacetamide O -has O -been O -separated O -into O -at O -least O -two O -fractions O -by O -covalent O -chromatography O -on O -an O -activated O -thiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Sepharose I-Chemical -4B O -column O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biological O -significance O -or O -the O -relationship O -between O -multiple O -forms O -of O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -is O -not O -understood O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -forms O -of O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ornithine I-Chemical -carboxy O -- O -lyase O -, O -EC O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -17 O -) O -were O -purified O -from O -the O -livers O -of O -rats O -which O -had O -been O -treated O -with O -thioacetamide O -for O -16 O -h O -( O -for O -details O -, O -see O -miniprint O -to O -Obenrader O -, O -M O -. O -F O -. O -, O -and O -Prouty O -, O -W O -. O -F O -. O -( O -1977 O -) O -J O -. O -Biol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -subunits O -are O -approximately O -50 O -, O -000 O -daltons O -as O -determined O -by O -electrophoresis O -on O -polyacrylamide O -gels O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -were O -shown O -to O -inhibit O -enzymatic O -activity O -; O -50 O -% O -inhibition O -occurred O -at O -270 O -mM O -for O -each O -when O -Km O -amounts O -or O -ornithine B-Chemical -were O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antibody O -was O -shown O -to O -precipitate O -quantitatively O -the O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -activity O -isolated O -from O -induced O -rat O -liver O -and O -rat O -ventral O -prostate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antibody O -preparation O -has O -been O -used O -in O -a O -titration O -method O -to O -assess O -the O -half O -- O -life O -of O -antigen O -in O -livers O -of O -rats O -induced O -for O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -by O -injection O -of O -thioacetamide O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversible O -binding O -of O -Pi O -by O -beef O -heart O -mitochondrial O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -Derepression O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -by O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -starvation O -in O -rat O -hepatoma O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increased O -rate O -of O -transport O -is O -accompanied O -by O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -Vmax O -and O -a O -modest O -decrease O -in O -the O -Km O -for O -this O -transport O -system O -, O -and O -is O -reversed O -by O -readdition O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Amino O -acids O -which O -compete O -with O -AIB O -for O -transport O -also O -prevent O -the O -starvation O -- O -induced O -increase O -in O -AIB O -transport O -; O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -which O -do O -not O -compete O -fail O -to O -prevent O -the O -enhancement O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -starvation O -- O -induced O -enhancement O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -does O -not O -appear O -to O -be O -the O -result O -of O -a O -release O -from O -transinhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -loading O -cells O -with O -high O -concentrations O -of O -a O -single O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -following O -a O -period O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -starvation O -fails O -to O -prevent O -the O -enhancement O -of O -AIB O -transport O -, O -whereas O -incubation O -of O -the O -cells O -with O -the O -single O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -for O -the O -entire O -duration O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -starvation O -prevents O -the O -enhancement O -; O -intracellular O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -pools O -are O -similar O -under O -both O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexamethasone B-Chemical -, O -which O -dramatically O -inhibits O -AIB O -transport O -in O -cells O -incubated O -in O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -medium O -, O -both O -blocks O -the O -starvation O -- O -induced O -increase O -in O -AIB O -transport O -, O -and O -causes O -a O -time O -- O -dependent O -decrease O -in O -transport O -velocity O -in O -cells O -whose O -transport O -has O -previously O -been O -enhanced O -by O -starvation O -. O - -aps B-category -Present O -studies O -, O -using O -stopped O -flow O -techniques O -, O -have O -shown O -that O -the O -2 O -- O -electron O -- O -reduced O -form O -of O -the O -complex O -( O -produced O -by O -reaction O -with O -1 O -eq O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -) O -reacts O -rapidly O -with O -1 O -eq O -of O -cytochrome O -c O -( O -k O -approximately O -or O -equal O -to O -4 O -. O -6 O -s O -- O -1 O -) O -, O -but O -only O -slowly O -with O -a O -second O -cytochrome O -c O -( O -k O -= O -0 O -. O -1 O -to O -0 O -. O -3 O -s O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -adrenodoxin O -in O -a O -complex O -with O -adrenodoxin O -reductase O -allows O -electrons O -of O -constant O -potential O -to O -be O -delivered O -from O -flavin O -to O -cytochrome O -c O -via O -the O -iron B-Chemical -sulfur O -center O -. O -. O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -known O -that O -most O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -carbamate O -which O -is O -formed O -in O -normal O -adult O -human O -hemoglobin O -( O -Hb O -A O -) O -is O -confined O -to O -the O -beta O -subunits O -rather O -than O -to O -the O -alpha O -subunits O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -measurements O -were O -done O -on O -Hb O -A O -and O -the O -fraction O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -carbamate O -calculated O -from O -the O -effect O -of O -pCO2 O -( O -at O -constant O -pH O -) O -on O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -half O -- O -saturation O -pressure O -( O -p50 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -fraction O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -carbamate O -was O -much O -less O -dependent O -on O -pH O -and O -pCO2 O -in O -betaSH O -than O -in O -Hb O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -synthesis O -by O -electrochemical O -proton O -gradient O -in O -vesicles O -reconstituted O -from O -purified O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -and O -phospholipids O -of O -thermophilic O -bacterium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -formation O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -from O -hog O -angiotensinogen O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -and O -37 O -degrees O -was O -267 O -microng O -/ O -h O -/ O -microng O -of O -renin O -, O -or O -2000 O -Goldblatt O -units O -/ O -mg O -of O -renin O -. O - -aps B-category -Translation O -of O -specific O -messenger O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -a O -cell O -- O -free O -system O -derived O -from O -rabbit O -reticulocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -protein O -precipitates O -with O -antiglutamine O -synthetase O -using O -both O -direct O -and O -indirect O -procedures O -, O -migrates O -with O -the O -same O -molecular O -weight O -as O -the O -monomer O -of O -N O -. O -crassa O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -when O -subjected O -to O -acrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -, O -and O -chromatographs O -as O -N O -. O -crassa O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -on O -anthranilate O -- O -bound O -Sepharose O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -acidic O -lipid O -fraction O -, O -isolated O -from O -pig O -liver O -and O -having O -the O -properties O -of O -dolichyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -was O -active O -with O -either O -the O -GlcNAc O -or O -the O -mannose O -transferase O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -and O -other O -methylxanthines B-Chemical -on O -the O -development O -and O -metabolism O -of O -sea O -urchin O -eggs O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -inhibitory O -effect O -is O -not O -mediated O -via O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -MX O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -pentose B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -shunt O -pathway O -and O -did O -not O -have O -any O -effect O -on O -the O -enzyme O -NAD O -+ O -- O -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -glutathione B-Chemical -( O -GSH O -) O -could O -reverse O -the O -cleavage O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -MX O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -can O -be O -reactivated O -by O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -reducing O -agents O -added O -in O -the O -assay O -mixture O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -in O -situ O -results O -remain O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -published O -data O -showing O -no O -difference O -in O -DNA O -denaturation O -in O -chromatin O -isolated O -from O -interphase O -and O -metaphase O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -which O -occurs O -in O -rat O -hepatoma O -tissue O -culture O -( O -HTC O -) O -cells O -in O -response O -to O -cyclic O -AMP O -analogs O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -an O -enzyme O -induction O -, O -similar O -to O -the O -larger O -response O -observed O -in O -certain O -other O -hepatoma O -cells O -and O -in O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -is O -also O -produced O -by O -various O -8 O -- O -substituted O -derivatives O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -and O -occurs O -whether O -or O -not O -the O -enzyme O -has O -been O -preinduced O -with O -a O -glucocorticoid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -matrix O -fraction O -contained O -over O -74 O -% O -of O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -and O -the O -major O -proportion O -of O -the O -matirx O -marker O -enzymes O -, O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -71 O -% O -) O -, O -NADP O -- O -dependent O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -( O -83 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -57 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromofuroate O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -blocked O -oxidation O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -whereas O -aminoxyacetate O -, O -a O -transaminase O -inhibitor O -, O -had O -little O -or O -no O -effect O -with O -either O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -localization O -of O -a O -glutaminase O -activity O -within O -avian O -liver O -mitochondria O -plus O -the O -absence O -of O -an O -active O -mitochondrial O -glutamine B-Chemical -transaminase O -is O -consistent O -with O -the O -differential O -effects O -of O -the O -transaminase O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Derivatization O -and O -chromatography O -of O -nucleosides B-Chemical -and O -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -KCl O -, O -MgCl2 O -, O -NH4Cl O -, O -and O -( O -NH4 O -) O -2SO4 O -on O -silylation O -and O -chromatography O -of O -nucleosides B-Chemical -was O -studies O -at O -various O -molar O -excesses O -of O -salt B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -values O -for O -all O -nucleosides B-Chemical -were O -significantly O -affected O -at O -molar O -excess O -salt B-Chemical -present O -values O -( O -MSP O -) O -between O -1 O -and O -10 O -for O -KCl O -, O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -NH4Cl O -, O -( O -NH4 O -) O -2SO4 O -and O -between O -0 O -. O -1 O -and O -1 O -for O -MgCl2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -chromatographic O -peaks O -at O -retention O -temperatures O -( O -RT O -) O -240 O -and O -251 O -were O -obtained O -for O -cytidine O -at O -MSP O -values O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -for O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -KCl O -, O -and O -MgCl2 O -, O -and O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -for O -NH4Cl O -and O -( O -NH4 O -) O -2SO4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -these O -salts O -have O -a O -significant O -effect O -on O -the O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -of O -trimethylsilyl O -( O -TMS O -) O -cytidine O -in O -a O -mixture O -of O -nucleosides B-Chemical -, O -especially O -the O -RT O -= O -241 O -peak O -. O - -aps B-category -TMS O -- O -SO4 O -, O -TMS O -- O -PO4 O -, O -with O -a O -reduced O -molar O -excess O -of O -BSTFA O -; O -( O -c O -) O -metal O -chelation O -by O -Mg O -ions O -or O -other O -divalent O -cations O -with O -nucleosides B-Chemical -or O -BSTFA O -; O -and O -/ O -or O -( O -d O -) O -an O -increased O -breakdown O -of O -TMS O -derivatives O -in O -presence O -of O -salt B-Chemical -in O -the O -sample O -or O -on O -the O -top O -3 O -in O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -individual O -impurities O -showed O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -the O -relative O -weight O -response O -( O -RWR O -) O -values O -of O -nucleosides B-Chemical -; O -however O -, O -when O -a O -mixture O -was O -used O -, O -significantly O -lower O -RWR O -values O -were O -observed O -for O -all O -nucleosides B-Chemical -except O -thymidine B-Chemical -when O -using O -1000 O -molar O -excess O -of O -BSTFA O -greater O -than O -1000 O -should O -be O -used O -for O -silylation O -and O -chromatography O -of O -nucleosides B-Chemical -in O -an O -RNA O -hydrolysate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stability O -of O -nucleosides B-Chemical -as O -a O -function O -of O -concentration O -of O -HCl O -, O -at O -room O -temperature O -was O -studied O -and O -very O -low O -RWR O -values O -for O -nucleosides B-Chemical -were O -obtained O -when O -stored O -for O -48 O -h O -in O -greater O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -N O -HCl O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -provide O -a O -rationale O -for O -the O -development O -of O -rapid O -and O -simple O -separation O -methods O -that O -should O -prove O -useful O -in O -the O -study O -of O -pyridine O -and O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -paper O -describes O -a O -method O -for O -simultaneous O -thin O -- O -layer O -chromatographic O -separation O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -, O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -or O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -caproate B-Chemical -alongside O -dibucaine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -, O -hexachlorophene O -and O -clemizole O -undecylate O -as O -well O -as O -clemizole O -hexachlorophenate O -in O -ointments O -and O -suppositories O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -infrequent O -formation O -during O -routine O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -and O -identification O -by O -gas O -chromatography O -and O -mass O -spectrometry O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -samples O -is O -then O -acidified O -with O -2 O -N O -HCl O -to O -decarboxylate O -clorazepate O -to O -N O -- O -desmethyldiazepam O -, O -which O -is O -then O -extracted O -into O -benzene B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylene I-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -( O -90 O -: O -10 O -) O -after O -adjusting O -the O -pH O -to O -12 O -. O -8 O -with O -NaOH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -clorazepate O -was O -determined O -by O -the O -measurement O -of O -the O -levels O -of O -N O -- O -desmethyldiazepam O -and O -oxazepam B-Chemical -, O -the O -major O -urinary O -metabolites O -of O -clorazepate O -, O -both O -prior O -to O -and O -after O -enzymatic O -deconjugation O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -improved O -high O -- O -pressure O -liquid O -chromatography O -method O -for O -the O -estimation O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -was O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -Recoveries O -from O -extraction O -, O -quantitated O -using O -tracer O -amounts O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -warfarin B-Chemical -and O -methylated O -[ O -14C O -] O -warfarin B-Chemical -were O -92 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -16 O -% O -and O -82 O -. O -33 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -03 O -% O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Sheep O -blood O -agar O -, O -sheep O -blood O -agar O -with O -gentamicin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -( O -gentamicin B-Chemical -agar O -) O -, O -and O -mouse O -inoculation O -with O -4 O -- O -h O -broth O -cultures O -were O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -gentamicin B-Chemical -agar O -, O -similar O -carrier O -rates O -were O -found O -for O -both O -culture O -sites O -( O -nasopharynx O -and O -throat O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -only O -three O -instances O -did O -we O -recover O -a O -strain O -by O -mouse O -inoculation O -that O -failed O -to O -grow O -on O -gentamicin B-Chemical -agar O -; O -conversely O -, O -15 O -strains O -were O -isolated O -on O -gentamicin B-Chemical -agar O -but O -could O -not O -be O -recovered O -from O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Detection O -of O -pneumococci O -in O -respiratory O -secretions O -: O -clinical O -evaluation O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -blood O -agar O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -tested O -this O -method O -, O -in O -parallel O -with O -standard O -methods O -, O -on O -844 O -respiratory O -specimens O -in O -a O -clinical O -laboratory O -and O -have O -confirmed O -that O -the O -yield O -of O -pneumococci O -can O -be O -increased O -approximately O -40 O -% O -by O -using O -agar O -containing O -gentamicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -method O -for O -determining O -nitrate B-Chemical -utilization O -by O -yeasts O -. O - -aps B-category -Intrarenal O -dynamics O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -and O -prevention O -of O -acute O -urate B-Chemical -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -prehyper O -uricemic O -conditions O -were O -established O -in O -five O -groups O -of O -animals O -: O -( O -a O -) O -normopenic O -Wistar O -rats O -given O -no O -pretreatment O -( O -Group O -I O -) O -; O -( O -b O -) O -Wistar O -rats O -given O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -, O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -and O -isotonic O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -to O -produce O -urine O -alkalinization O -( O -Group O -II O -) O -; O -( O -c O -) O -Wistar O -rats O -in O -which O -a O -moderate O -diuresis O -, O -similar O -to O -that O -observed O -in O -Group O -II O -but O -without O -urine O -alkalinization O -, O -was O -induced O -with O -furosemide B-Chemical -, O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -( O -Group O -III O -) O -; O -( O -d O -) O -Wistar O -rats O -in O -which O -a O -high O -- O -flow O -solute O -diuresis O -was O -induced O -with O -furosemide B-Chemical -, O -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -( O -Group O -IV O -) O -; O -( O -e O -) O -Brattleboro O -rats O -, O -homozygous O -for O -pituitary O -diabetes O -insipidus O -, O -that O -had O -a O -spontaneous O -high O -- O -flow O -water O -diuresis O -( O -Group O -V O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Moderate O -amounts O -of O -urate B-Chemical -were O -seen O -in O -the O -kidneys O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -type O -of O -enzyme O -hydrolyzing O -the O -elastase O -substrate O -succinyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitroanilide I-Chemical -has O -been O -found O -in O -cell O -- O -free O -rheuma O -todi O -synovial O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -placebo O -prescreening O -, O -14 O -subjects O -with O -diagnoses O -of O -anxiety O -recieved O -3 O -to O -6 O -mg O -lorazepam B-Chemical -daily O -for O -four O -weeks O -, O -while O -14 O -control O -subjects O -received O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -studies O -in O -patients O -with O -nadolol B-Chemical -: O -oral O -and O -intravenous O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Calculations O -of O -absorption O -, O -based O -on O -urinary O -excretion O -and O -on O -areas O -under O -the O -plasma O -concentration O -- O -versus O -- O -time O -curves O -, O -indicated O -that O -oral O -doses O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -14C I-Chemical -were O -absorbed O -to O -the O -extent O -of O -33 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -4 O -per O -cent O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -S O -. O -E O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -, O -flurazepam B-Chemical -, O -and O -placebo O -as O -hypnotics O -in O -geriatric O -patients O -with O -insomnia O -. O - -aps B-category -Triazolam B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -significantly O -better O -than O -placebo O -in O -how O -much O -the O -medication O -helped O -the O -patients O -sleep O -, O -in O -sleep O -onset O -, O -in O -duration O -of O -sleep O -, O -number O -of O -nighttime O -awakenings O -, O -in O -quality O -( O -depth O -) O -of O -sleep O -, O -and O -in O -feeling O -of O -restfulness O -in O -the O -morning O -. O - -aps B-category -Energy O -phosphate B-Chemical -turnover O -and O -glycolysis O -in O -skeletal O -muscle O -of O -the O -Pietrain O -pig O -: O -the O -effects O -of O -premedication O -with O -azaperone O -and O -pentobarbitone O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -a O -solution O -to O -" O -Nesbitt O -' O -s O -paradox O -, O -" O -which O -has O -reference O -to O -the O -fact O -that O -while O -nicotine B-Chemical -is O -a O -central O -adrenergic O -stimulant O -, O -smokers O -describe O -the O -effect O -of O -smoking B-Chemical -in O -sedational O -terms O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -as O -relaxing O -or O -calming O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Relevant O -types O -include O -narcotic O -analgesics O -, O -sedatives O -and O -hypnotics O -, O -antipsychotics O -, O -antianxiety O -drugs O -, O -antidepressants B-Chemical -, O -psychomotor O -stimulating O -agents O -, O -caffeine B-Chemical -, O -the O -antihistamines O -, O -estrogen B-Chemical -and O -progestins B-Chemical -, O -vitamins O -, O -disulfiram B-Chemical -, O -and O -illicit O -drugs O -and O -chemicals O -. O - -aps B-category -Citrate B-Chemical -buffer O -- O -eluted O -anti O -- O -BSA O -antibody O -was O -reactive O -in O -immunodiffusion O -, O -immunofluorescence O -, O -and O -radiolabeled O -BSA O -binding O -test O -systems O -, O -but O -complement O -fixation O -was O -impaired O -relative O -to O -chaotropic O -ion O -- O -eluted O -antibody O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifteen O -patients O -with O -aplastic O -anemia O -and O -13 O -with O -acute O -leukemia O -were O -studied O -36 O -to O -1547 O -days O -after O -treatment O -with O -high O -- O -dose O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -total O -- O -body O -irradiation O -and O -marrow O -transplantation O -from O -HLA O -identical O -siblings O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -soluble O -fraction O -of O -cultured O -cell O -homogenates O -had O -no O -peroxidase O -activity O -, O -but O -the O -two O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -bands O -coincided O -exactly O -with O -the O -two O -dopa O -oxidase O -bands O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extracts O -were O -subjected O -to O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -fractionation O -and O -to O -affinity O -and O -ion O -exchange O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Yeast O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -is O -degraded O -exonucleolytically O -by O -2 O -fractions O -( O -I O -, O -A O -) O -and O -endonucleolytically O -by O -the O -remaining O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -membrane O -fraction O -differed O -chemically O -from O -the O -first O -fraction O -and O -represents O -the O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -component O -of O -the O -outer O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Molecular O -mechanism O -of O -enzymic O -cleavage O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -side O -chain O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanism O -by O -which O -neutral O -phosphate B-Chemical -infusion O -elevates O -urine O -PCO2 O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -paper O -examines O -the O -physiologic O -process O -by O -which O -phosphate B-Chemical -elevates O -the O -urine O -PCO2 O -in O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -elevation O -of O -urine O -PCO2 O -was O -abolished O -by O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -acid O -phosphate B-Chemical -infusion O -did O -not O -result O -in O -an O -elevated O -urine O -PCO2 O -, O -it O -is O -unlikely O -that O -changes O -in O -the O -medullary O -PCO2 O -occur O -as O -a O -ry O -an O -increase O -in O -net O -acid O -excretion O -, O -indicating O -an O -increase O -in O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -rise O -in O -urine O -PCO2 O -is O -due O -to O -the O -buffer O -properties O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -rather O -than O -to O -its O -nonreabsorable O -anion O -characteristics O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -a O -competitive O -protein O -- O -binding O -assay O -for O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -for O -the O -study O -of O -bovine O -corpus O -luteum O -adenylate O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -Social O -life O -, O -cigarette O -smoking B-Chemical -, O -and O -urinary O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Psychological O -and O -pharmacological O -explanations O -of O -smoking B-Chemical -under O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -GS O -) O -in O -anaerobic O -batch O -cultures O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -was O -repressed O -when O -excess O -NH4 O -+ O -was O -available O -, O -but O -derepressed O -during O -growth O -with O -a O -poor O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -positive O -correlations O -were O -found O -between O -the O -activities O -of O -GS O -and O -nitrite B-Chemical -reductase O -, O -or O -between O -GS O -and O -cytochrome O -c552 O -: O -both O -of O -these O -proteins O -were O -synthesized O -normally O -by O -mutants O -that O -contained O -no O -active O -GS O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -, O -therefore O -, O -unlikely O -that O -nitrite B-Chemical -reduction O -or O -proline O -oxidation O -by O -E O -. O -coli O -are O -under O -positive O -control O -by O -GS O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -growth O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -strain O -SPA O -O O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -, O -an O -intermediate O -accumulates O -in O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -pathway O -for O -ethylene O -biosynthesis O -is O -proposed O -in O -which O -methionine B-Chemical -is O -converted O -to O -KMBA O -which O -can O -be O -degraded O -either O -by O -peroxidase O -or O -in O -a O -flavin O -- O -mediated O -photochemical O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -currents O -were O -measured O -under O -voltage O -clamp O -with O -test O -pulses O -applied O -several O -times O -per O -second O -during O -the O -solution O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -8 O -. O -3 O -the O -half O -- O -time O -of O -action O -of O -amine B-Chemical -anesthetics O -such O -as O -lidocaine B-Chemical -, O -procaine B-Chemical -, O -tetracaine O -, O -and O -others O -was O -always O -less O -than O -2 O -s O -and O -usually O -less O -than O -1 O -s O -. O -Lowering O -the O -pH O -to O -6 O -. O -0 O -decreased O -the O -apparent O -potency O -and O -slowed O -the O -rate O -of O -action O -of O -these O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Altering O -the O -aqueous O -environment O -, O -especially O -with O -agents O -that O -affect O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonds O -, O -markedly O -affects O -the O -stability O -of O -mouse O -L O -cell O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Exposure O -to O -the O -protein O -denaturants O -, O -4 O -M O -- O -guanidine O -hydrochloride O -and O -6 O -M B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -, O -significantly O -decreases O -the O -activity O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -at O -pH O -2 O -and O -pH9 O -; O -however O -, O -the O -residual O -interferon B-Chemical -activity O -is O -relatively O -thermostable O -. O - -aps B-category -Interferon B-Chemical -becomes O -more O -stable O -to O -heat O -as O -the O -NaSCN O -concentration O -is O -increased O -from O -0 O -- O -25 O -M O -to O -2 O -- O -0 O -M O -. O -Molecular O -sieve O -chromatography O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -1 O -- O -5 O -M O -- O -NaSCN O -at O -pH O -7 O -shows O -a O -shift O -in O -its O -apparent O -mol O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -primary O -process O -expression O -in O -hospitalized O -schizophrenics O -treated O -with O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -: O -two O -projective O -tasks O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -neurons O -have O -specific O -receptors O -for O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -ACh O -) O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -octopamine O -, O -phenylethanolamine O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -, O -aspartic O -acid O -, O -and O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hog O -cerebellar O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -its O -histochemical O -and O -immunofluorescent O -localization O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -pressure O -( O -( O -PaO2 O -and O -PaCO2 O -) O -were O -maintained O -in O -the O -normal O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intracranial O -pressure O -/ O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -ratio O -of O -elevation O -by O -injection O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -was O -not O -significant O -regardless O -of O -the O -level O -of O -the O -ICP O -, O -or O -of O -uni O -- O -or O -bilateral O -lesions O -of O -the O -hypothalamus O -. O - -aps B-category -Sixty O -to O -seventy O -- O -five O -percent O -of O -the O -99m O -Tc O -was O -incorporated O -into O -streptokinase O -using O -stannous O -chloride B-Chemical -as O -a O -reducing O -agent O -at O -pH O -1 O -- O -2 O -, O -wheras O -50 O -- O -60 O -% O -was O -incorporated O -using O -stannous O -pyrophosphate O -at O -neutral O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -dietary O -DL O -- O -ethionine O -and O -/ O -or O -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -on O -egg O -laying O -and O -activities O -of O -some O -cytoplasmic O -NAD O -linked O -- O -dehydrogenases O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -producing I-Chemical -enzymes O -in O -liver O -of O -Japanese O -quail O -, O -Coturnix O -coturnix O -japonica O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -0 O -. O -30 O -% O -DL O -- O -ethionine O -plus O -0 O -. O -30 O -% O -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -supplemented O -diet O -reversed O -partially O -the O -egg O -laying O -inhibited O -by O -the O -diet O -with O -0 O -. O -30 O -% O -DL O -- O -ethionine O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -marked O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -decreased O -activity O -of O -L O -- O -glycerol O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -significantly O -increased O -activity O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -obtained O -for O -quail O -fed O -the O -DL O -- O -ethionine O -, O -and O -the O -DL O -- O -ethionine O -plus O -the O -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -supplemented O -diet O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -decreased O -activity O -was O -observed O -for O -all O -of O -the O -four O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -producing I-Chemical -enzymes O -in O -quail O -fed O -the O -diet O -supplemented O -with O -DL O -- O -ethionine O -alone O -, O -the O -DL O -- O -ethionine O -plus O -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -, O -the O -smallest O -decrease O -was O -obtained O -for O -NADP O -- O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -a O -relatively O -important O -function O -of O -NADP O -- O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -production I-Chemical -even O -under O -DL O -- O -ethionine O -toxicity O -and O -suggest O -complicated O -relationships O -between O -egg O -production O -and O -activities O -of O -enzymes O -associated O -with O -carbohydrate O -and O -lipid O -metabolism O -in O -quail O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Interest O -in O -the O -nutritional O -and O -physiological O -implications O -of O -the O -high O -dietary O -intakes O -of O -fructose O -from O -sucrose B-Chemical -and O -isomerized O -corn O -sweeteners O -has O -directed O -attention O -to O -the O -specific O -metabolic O -properties O -of O -this O -monosaccharide O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -10mM O -glucose B-Chemical -generally O -inhibited O -the O -transport O -of O -these O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -10mM O -sorbose O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -leucine B-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -preloaded O -with O -fructose O -optimally O -stimulated O -leucine B-Chemical -transport O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -extracellular O -fructose O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -stimulation O -mediated O -by O -an O -exchange O -transport O -mechanism O -was O -rejected O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -failure O -of O -1 O -mM O -neutral O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -either O -to O -inhibit O -the O -transport O -of O -10 O -mM O -fructose O -or O -to O -accelerate O -the O -movement O -of O -fructose O -out O -of O -fructose O -- O -loaded O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -hepatic O -and O -adipose O -tissue O -lipogenic O -enzymes O -( O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -, O -citrate B-Chemical -cleavage O -enzyme O -, O -malic O -enzyme O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenase O -, O -and O -NADP O -- O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -) O -were O -assayed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -immediate O -nucleotide B-Chemical -precursor O -, O -guanosine B-Chemical -triphosphate O -, O -in O -the O -riboflavin B-Chemical -biosynthetic O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -added O -purines O -, O -at O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -, O -were O -effectively O -incorporated O -into O -riboflavin B-Chemical -at O -an O -early O -stage O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -under O -the O -experimental O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -specific O -activities O -of O -labeled O -guanosine B-Chemical -nucleotides O -and O -labeled O -riboflavin B-Chemical -indicated O -that O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -precursor O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -is O -guanosine B-Chemical -triphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -51 O -/ O -2 O -- O -month O -- O -old O -male O -infant O -with O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -- O -positive O -severe O -combined O -immunodeficiency O -disease O -, O -who O -had O -no O -suitable O -bone O -marrow O -donor O -, O -immunologic O -reconstitution O -was O -attempted O -with O -lymphoid O -cells O -obtained O -from O -the O -liver O -of O -a O -4 O -- O -to O -5 O -- O -week O -- O -old O -- O -male O -human O -embryo O -. O - -aps B-category -But O -following O -this O -treatment O -, O -exposure O -to O -lower O -partial O -pressures O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -and O -higher O -concentrations O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -, O -such O -as O -might O -be O -encountered O -in O -the O -abomasal O -mucosa O -, O -brings O -about O -development O -at O -a O -rate O -comparable O -with O -that O -in O -the O -sheep O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -experiments O -supported O -in O -vivo O -evidence O -that O -activated O -charcoal B-Chemical -is O -effective O -in O -adsorbing O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -gauche O -- O -rotamer O -is O -probably O -responsible O -for O -the O -antiradiation O -activity O -and O -acts O -through O -metal O -chelation O -involving O -sulfur O -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -atoms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -solubility O -of O -silver B-Chemical -sulfadiazine B-Chemical -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -was O -determined O -in O -nitric O -acid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -potassium I-Chemical -nitrate B-Chemical -buffer O -for O -pH O -2 O -- O -3 O -and O -in O -2 O -- O -( O -N O -- O -morpholino O -) O -ethanesulfonic O -acid O -buffer O -for O -pH O -6 O -- O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -the O -silver B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ion I-Chemical -concentration O -was O -carried O -out O -using O -a O -silver B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ion I-Chemical -selective O -electrode O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -was O -obtained O -to O -indicate O -that O -the O -salt B-Chemical -is O -completely O -ionized O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -complexation O -of O -nickel O -( O -II O -) O -with O -some O -penicillins B-Chemical -and O -related O -compounds O -show O -that O -the O -zwitterionic O -form O -of O -the O -ligand O -has O -very O -low O -reactivity O -compared O -to O -the O -anionic O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanism O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -binding O -II O -: O -effect O -of O -alkali B-Chemical -metal O -and O -alkaline O -earth O -cations O -on O -histamine B-Chemical -binding O -to O -peptide O -H O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -cations O -enabled O -histamine B-Chemical -to O -bind O -to O -peptide O -H O -. O -A O -minimum O -cation O -binding O -concentration O -was O -required O -for O -histamine B-Chemical -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -monovalent O -cations O -, O -Nat O -, O -Kt O -, O -and O -Cst O -inhibited O -histamine B-Chemical -binding O -to O -peptide O -H O -, O -with O -the O -extent O -of O -inhibition O -dependent O -on O -cation O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydrolysis O -kinetics O -of O -oxazepam B-Chemical -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -leading O -to O -a O -benzophenone O -product O -and O -a O -glycine B-Chemical -derivative O -were O -quantified O -from O -pH O -1 O -to O -11 O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -intermediate O -was O -observed O -by O -TLC O -for O -diazepam B-Chemical -hydrolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Frequency O -- O -related O -isovolumetric O -contractions O -of O -the O -rat O -seminal O -vesicle O -elicited O -with O -transmural O -electrical O -stimulation O -were O -blocked O -by O -tetrodotoxin O -but O -unaffected O -by O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Responses O -elicited O -by O -cholinergic O -nerve O -stimulation O -were O -mediated O -by O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -through O -muscarinic O -receptors O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -1 O -) O -responses O -of O -untreated O -vesicles O -to O -transmural O -stimulation O -and O -to O -exogenous O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -were O -antagonized O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -2 O -) O -the O -residual O -responses O -to O -transmural O -stimulation O -of O -vesicles O -from O -animals O -pretreated O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -of O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -were O -nearly O -abolished O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -and O -3 O -) O -physostigmine B-Chemical -potentiated O -and O -prolonged O -the O -responses O -of O -organs O -from O -untreated O -and O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pretreatd I-Chemical -animals O -to O -transmural O -stimulation O -; O -these O -effects O -of O -physostigmine B-Chemical -were O -abolished O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -level O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -increased O -in O -the O -cultured O -ganglia O -to O -a O -maximum O -of O -225 O -% O -of O -that O -seen O -in O -control O -ganglia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -accumulation O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -in O -the O -cultured O -ganglia O -could O -not O -be O -explained O -by O -an O -increased O -rate O -of O -amine B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -the O -distribution O -of O -amine B-Chemical -storage O -vesicles O -showed O -that O -the O -number O -of O -heavy O -vesicles O -was O -greater O -in O -cultured O -than O -in O -fresh O -ganglia O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -ethosuximide B-Chemical -on O -transmission O -of O -repetitive O -impulses O -and O -apparent O -rates O -of O -transmitter O -turnover O -in O -the O -spinal O -monosynaptic O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -strychnine B-Chemical -and O -strychnine B-Chemical -analogs O -to O -synaptic O -membranes O -of O -rat O -brainstem O -and O -spinal O -cord O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dissociation O -constants O -( O -KD O -values O -) O -for O -the O -binding O -of O -several O -strychnine B-Chemical -analogs O -to O -the O -strychnine B-Chemical -site O -in O -vitro O -were O -determined O -and O -found O -to O -be O -highly O -correlated O -with O -the O -convulsant O -and O -lethal O -effects O -in O -the O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -Serotonin B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -as O -neurotransmitters O -in O -mytilus O -: O -block O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -receptors O -by O -an O -organic O -mercurial O -. O - -aps B-category -Mersalyl O -antagonized O -relaxation O -in O -response O -to O -serotonin B-Chemical -whereas O -BOL O -and O -UML O -were O -less O -effective O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -other O -catechols O -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -were O -also O -blocked O -more O -effectively O -by O -BOL O -and O -UML O -than O -by O -mersaly O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -evidence O -supports O -an O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -transmitter O -released O -by O -relaxing O -nerves O -is O -serotonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -enhancement O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contraction O -in O -rat O -veins O -after O -beta O -adrenergic O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -two O -other O -beta O -receptor O -antagonists O -, O -practolol O -and O -N O -- O -isopropylmethoxamine O -, O -specifically O -enhanced O -maximal O -venous O -responses O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -to O -enhance O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contraction O -in O -these O -rat O -veins O -paralleled O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -to O -relax O -such O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -support O -the O -conclusion O -that O -beta O -adrenergic O -stimulation O -modulates O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -constriction O -in O -certain O -rat O -veins O -but O -not O -in O -the O -aorta O -or O -mesenteric O -artery O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -acidification O -was O -studied O -in O -12 O -lithium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -psychiatric O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -of O -these O -patients O -were O -also O -evaluated O -with O -NH4CL B-Chemical -acid O -loading O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -patients O -were O -evaluated O -prior O -to O -treatment O -and O -after O -2 O -weeks O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Foetal O -and O -maternal O -plasma O -metabolite O -and O -catecholamine B-Chemical -concentrations O -have O -been O -measured O -in O -chronically O -catheterized O -sheep O -, O -95 O -- O -145 O -days O -pregnant O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -exception O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -nitrogen B-Chemical -none O -of O -the O -plasma O -metabolites O -showed O -any O -correlation O -with O -foetal O -blood O -gas O -or O -pH O -values O -; O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -N O -was O -inversely O -related O -to O -foetal O -blood O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -foetus O -hypoxia O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -large O -rise O -in O -plasma O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -a O -small O -rise O -in O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -N O -, O -the O -magnitudes O -of O -which O -did O -not O -change O -over O -the O -gestational O -range O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -foetuses O -of O -130 O -- O -145 O -days O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -hypoxia O -- O -induced O -rise O -in O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -concentration O -was O -proportional O -to O -the O -plasma O -catecholamine B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -indicate O -that O -in O -the O -sheep O -plasma O -catecholamines B-Chemical -are O -important O -regulators O -of O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -concentrations O -late O -in O -foetal O -life O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -biliary O -pH O -during O -free O -cholate B-Chemical -excretion O -in O -the O -control O -state O -in O -twenty O -- O -three O -experiments O -was O -7 O -- O -5 O -( O -at O -which O -approximately O -1 O -% O -of O -cholate B-Chemical -is O -un O -- O -ionized O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -back O -- O -diffusion O -of O -un O -- O -ionized O -cholic O -acid O -in O -the O -bile O -ducts O -is O -not O -an O -important O -determinant O -of O -the O -secretory O -performance O -of O -free O -cholate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -injection O -on O -the O -intracellular O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -pH O -of O -snail O -neurones O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -injection O -caused O -an O -immediate O -decrease O -in O -pHi O -, O -which O -appeared O -to O -be O -directly O -proportional O -to O -the O -amount O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -injected O -. O - -aps B-category -Exposure O -of O -the O -cell O -to O -saline O -equilibrated O -with O -2 O -- O -5 O -% O -CO2 O -greatly O -reduced O -the O -pHi O -decrease O -caused O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -injection O -but O -had O -only O -small O -effects O -on O -the O -membrane O -potential O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Intestinal O -brush O -- O -border O -sucrase O -: O -pH O -- O -dependent O -effects O -of O -harmaline O -and O -alkali B-Chemical -metal O -ions O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -e O -. O -p O -. O -p O -. O -s O -of O -normal O -quantral O -content O -or O -in O -solutions O -in O -which O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -lowered O -, O -growth O -patterns O -were O -occasionally O -reasonably O -close O -to O -those O -predicted O -by O -the O -arithmetic O -model O -but O -there O -was O -always O -some O -degree O -of O -disparity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -of O -early O -diagnosis O -, O -arteriography O -makes O -it O -possible O -to O -institute O -treatment O -before O -the O -lesions O -reach O -a O -stage O -at O -which O -they O -must O -inevitably O -develop O -either O -into O -aneurysms O -or O -lead B-Chemical -to O -obstruction O -with O -distal O -ischaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -now O -prepared O -some O -2 O -- O -nitro O -- O -1H O -- O -imidazoles O -in O -which O -the O -5 O -- O -vinyl O -chain O -bears O -selected O -functional O -groups O -( O -CHO O -, O -COCH3 O -, O -NO2 O -) O -as O -well O -as O -nitrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -condensation I-Chemical -derivatives O -of O -the O -carbonyl O -functions O -. O - -aps B-category -Nine O -N O -- O -CH3 O -derivatives O -and O -their O -corresponding O -N O -- O -cyclopropylmethyl O -counterparts O -were O -prepared O -and O -studied O -in O -the O -mouse O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -induced O -writhing O -and O -rat O -phenazocine O -antagonism O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -these O -pharmacological O -results O -, O -coupled O -with O -NMR O -spectral O -data O -, O -it O -appears O -that O -the O -previous O -suggestion O -that O -aryloxypropanolamines O -interact O -with O -beta O -- O -adrenocreceptors O -as O -a O -consequence O -of O -their O -ability O -to O -assume O -an O -orientation O -in O -which O -the O -benzene B-Chemical -ring O -the O -ethanolamine O -moieties O -can O -be O -superimposed O -on O -those O -of O -corresponding O -adrenergic O -phenylethanolamines O -is O -invalid O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -- O -Substituted O -ureidophenoxy B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propanols I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -strains O -tested O -remained O -very O -sensitive O -to O -benzylpenicillin B-Chemical -and O -cephaloridine O -, O -but O -59 O -. O -8 O -% O -of O -strains O -were O -resistant O -to O -tetracycline B-Chemical -and O -44 O -. O -7 O -% O -to O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -, O -and O -about O -90 O -% O -of O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -strains O -were O -also O -resistant O -to O -tetracycline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cross O -- O -resistance O -between O -tetracycline B-Chemical -and O -doxycycline O -or O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -and O -thiamphenicol O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -of O -these O -strains O -were O -resistant O -to O -erythromycin B-Chemical -, O -josamycin O -, O -oleandomycin O -, O -spiarmycin O -, O -mydecamycin O -, O -lincomycin O -, O -clindamycin O -and O -tetracycline B-Chemical -, O -but O -one O -was O -resistant O -to O -josamycin O -, O -spiramycin O -, O -mydecamycin O -and O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Double O -- O -barreled O -potassium B-Chemical -or O -chloride B-Chemical -ion O -- O -selective O -microelectrodes O -were O -constructed O -using O -a O -liquid O -ion O -exchanger O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -administration O -during O -cardiopulmonary O -resuscitation O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -sodium B-Chemical -concentrations O -ranged O -from O -135 O -to O -154 O -with O -one O -exception O -and O -did O -not O -correlate O -with O -the O -amount O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -administered O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Biologically O -active O -substances O -, O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -and O -kinins O -, O -and O -their O -role O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -arterial O -pressure O -and O -the O -development O -of O -arterial O -hypertension O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -defect O -in O -urinary O -acidification O -induced O -by O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -( O -AMB O -) O -was O -further O -characterized O -in O -turtle O -bladder O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -mucosal O -( O -M O -) O -pH O -lowered O -to O -the O -point O -of O -zero O -net O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -secretion O -, O -the O -transepithelial O -flow O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -ions O -( O -JHCO3 O -) O -from O -serosa O -( O -S O -) O -to O -M O -was O -0 O -. O -91 O -+ O -/ O -- O -. O -06 O -y O -mole O -/ O -hr O -in O -response O -to O -a O -20 O -mM O -HCO3 O -- O -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -M O -addition O -, O -S O -addition O -of O -AMB O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -either O -- O -JH O -or O -JHCO3 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -permeability O -increase O -is O -cation O -selective O -, O -not O -only O -for O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -but O -also O -, O -as O -shown O -previously O -, O -for O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -, O -and O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -, O -for O -sodium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -passive O -permeabilities O -for O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -and O -chloride B-Chemical -ions O -are O -not O -affected O -primarily O -, O -they O -may O -increase O -after O -prolonged O -exposure O -, O -probably O -as O -a O -results O -of O -paracellular O -leaks O -that O -are O -not O -specific O -for O -AMB O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -cytoplasmic O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -and O -acetoacetyl O -- O -CoA O -synthetases O -by O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -rat O -liver O -and O -adipose O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -rates O -of O -lipid O -synthesis O -resulting O -from O -the O -oral O -administration O -of O -these O -compounds O -were O -monitored O -with O -the O -use O -of O -radiolabeled O -H2O O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -and O -acetate O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increased O -incorporation O -of O -labeled O -H2O O -into O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -but O -no O -change O -in O -cholesterol B-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -the O -fasted O -rat O -suggested O -that O -( O -- O -- O -) O -- O -hydroxycitrate O -may O -be O -an O -activator O -of O -acetyl O -CoA O -carboxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -+ O -) O -- O -allo O -- O -Hydroxycitrate O -was O -ineffective O -in O -modulating O -the O -rates O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -under O -either O -nutritional O -condition O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -48 O -- O -hr O -maternal O -fast O -between O -days O -16 O -and O -18 O -or O -18 O -and O -20 O -resulted O -in O -a O -50 O -% O -fall O -in O -fetal O -glucose B-Chemical -levels O -and O -a O -marked O -rise O -in O -B O -- O -hydroxybutyrate O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -30 O -- O -fold O -at O -18 O -and O -60 O -- O -fold O -at O -20 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -suggested O -that O -capabilities O -for O -ketone B-Chemical -utilization O -are O -widespread O -in O -tissues O -of O -the O -conceptus O -, O -and O -that O -such O -utilization O -may O -fulfill O -in O -part O -the O -oxidative O -demands O -for O -continued O -anabolic O -growth O -during O -fasting O -hypoglycemia O -in O -the O -mother O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -hemolytic O -toxin O -has O -been O -obtained O -from O -mycelia O -and O -culture O -filtrates O -of O -Aspergillus O -fumigatus O -by O -the O -procedures O -that O -included O -precipitation O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -, O -chromatography O -of O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -, O -affinity O -chromatography O -on O -Concanavalin O -A O -- O -Sepharose O -and O -gell O -filtration O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -50 O -, O -G O -- O -100 O -AND O -G O -- O -150 O -. O - -aps B-category -Resistance O -mechanism O -of O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -in O -Streptococcus O -haemolyticus O -, O -Streptococcus O -pneumoniae O -and O -Streptococcus O -faecalis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inactivated O -products O -of O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -were O -identified O -as O -1 O -- O -acetoxy O -, O -3 O -- O -acetoxy O -and O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -diacetoxy O -derivatives O -by O -thin O -- O -layer O -chromatography O -and O -infrared O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -partially O -purified O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -, O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -chromatography O -and O -gel O -filtration O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -150 O -. O - -aps B-category -NAD O -- O -DH O -is O -absent O -from O -the O -cells O -cultivated O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -and O -is O -induced O -with O -growth O -on O -a O -medium O -containing O -methanol O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Properties O -of O -the O -hexulose O -phosphate B-Chemical -synthase O -of O -methylotrophic O -yeasts O -and O -bacteria O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -alkaline O -milieu O -surrounding O -epithelial O -surfaces O -produces O -cell O -proliferation O -and O -a O -marked O -increase O -in O -mitotic O -activity O -which O -may O -eventually O -lead B-Chemical -to O -metaplasia O -and O -neoplasia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -performed O -in O -two O -centres O -, O -67 O -outpatients O -with O -endoscopically O -confirmed O -duodenal O -( O -55 O -) O -or O -pyloric O -canal O -( O -12 O -) O -ulcers O -received O -cimetidine B-Chemical -( O -34 O -patients O -) O -or O -placebo O -( O -33 O -patients O -) O -for O -six O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -receiving O -cimetidine B-Chemical -had O -significantly O -less O -daytime O -pain O -and O -required O -less O -antacid O -than O -those O -receiving O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pretrial O -basal O -acid O -output O -of O -those O -patients O -whose O -ulcers O -failed O -to O -heal O -during O -cimetidine B-Chemical -therapy O -was O -significantly O -greater O -than O -that O -of O -those O -whose O -ulcers O -healed O -during O -treatment O -with O -the O -drug O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -- O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -cyclic O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -and O -guanosine B-Chemical -cyclic O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -levels O -and O -contractility O -in O -bovine O -tracheal O -smooth O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -author O -examined O -the O -conditions O -under O -which O -the O -lumiflavin O -method O -may O -be O -used O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -riboflavin B-Chemical -losses O -increased O -when O -potassium B-Chemical -permanganate O -was O -used O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -more O -than O -2 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -favourable O -results O -were O -obtained O -when O -the O -extracts O -were O -shaken O -with O -chloroform B-Chemical -prior O -to O -photolysis O -to O -eliminate O -interfering O -substances O -. O - -aps B-category -Antipsychotics B-Chemical -block O -muscarinic O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptor O -- O -mediated O -cyclic O -GMP O -formation O -in O -cultured O -mouse O -neuroblastoma O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -characteristics O -of O -3H O -- O -DA O -release O -from O -striatal O -slices O -by O -electrical O -stimulation O -were O -analyzed O -and O -the O -effects O -of O -a O -number O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -thereon O -were O -examined O -under O -different O -experimental O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -and O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -, O -were O -much O -less O -effective O -in O -this O -respect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -1 O -micronM O -haloperidol B-Chemical -on O -3H O -- O -DA O -release O -could O -be O -blocked O -by O -10 O -micronM O -cocaine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -with O -1 O -micronM O -apomorphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -particularly O -the O -butyrophenones O -may O -have O -presynaptic O -effects O -not O -related O -to O -interaction O -with O -DA O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -AChE O -identification O -together O -with O -autoradiographic O -tracing O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -showed O -that O -large O -cholinergic O -motoneurons O -are O -accompanied O -by O -small O -glycine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -accumulating I-Chemical -neurons O -with O -short O -processes O -which O -form O -axo O -- O -somatic O -and O -axo O -- O -dendritic O -contacts O -with O -large O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Blockade O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -by O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenobarbital B-Chemical -, O -phenytoin B-Chemical -, O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -, O -primidone O -, O -and O -ethosuximide B-Chemical -were O -measured O -in O -saliva O -and O -plasma O -obtained O -simultaneoulsy O -from O -115 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Expressed O -as O -percent O -of O -total O -plasma O -drug O -, O -the O -salivary O -( O -S O -) O -and O -plasma O -free O -( O -P O -) O -concentrations O -were O -: O -phenytoin B-Chemical -, O -S O -11 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -0 O -percent O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -) O -, O -P O -10 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -4 O -percent O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -97 O -) O -; O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -, O -S O -26 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -4 O -percent O -, O -P O -25 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -4 O -percent O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -97 O -) O -; O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -, O -S O -43 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -. O -2 O -percent O -, O -P O -40 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -. O -9 O -percent O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -91 O -) O -; O -primidone O -, O -S O -75 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -24 O -. O -9 O -percent O -, O -P O -66 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -. O -8 O -percent O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -76 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Variation O -of O -plasma O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -severe O -hepatitis O -with O -encephalopathy O -10 O -cases O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -would O -appear O -to O -be O -a O -close O -relationship O -between O -the O -onset O -of O -encephalopathy O -and O -the O -appearance O -of O -a O -particular O -pattern O -in O -plasma O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -equilibrium O -, O -characterised O -by O -a O -significant O -fall O -in O -the O -molar O -ratio O -existing O -between O -ramified O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -valine O -, O -leucine B-Chemical -, O -isoleucine O -) O -and O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -phenylalanine O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -compounds O -exert O -an O -analgesic O -effect O -by O -themselves O -, O -and O -potentiate O -the O -analgesic O -action O -of O -threshold O -doses O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -pethidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -which O -might O -modify O -analgesic O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -differentially O -housed O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -" O -Natural O -" O -killer O -( O -housed O -in O -groups O -) O -showed O -, O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -increased O -sensitivity O -to O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -oral O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -and O -aluminium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -on O -the O -absorption O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -has O -been O -studied O -in O -normal O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -buccal O -absorption O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -over O -the O -pH O -range O -5 O -- O -9 O -was O -also O -studied O -in O -normal O -volunteers O -, O -and O -showed O -that O -the O -percentage O -absorption O -increased O -markedly O -as O -the O -pH O -was O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -shifts O -of O -the O -NH2 O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -nitrogens O -are O -essentially O -independent O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -rest O -of O -the O -peptide O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -rat O -adrenal O -gland O -through O -coordinate O -control O -of O -3 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -3 O -- O -methylglutaryl O -coenzyme O -A O -synthase O -and O -reductase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -plasma O -cholesterol B-Chemical -level O -was O -lowered O -by O -administration O -of O -4 O -- O -aminopyrazolopyrimidine O -, O -a O -treatment O -known O -to O -enhance O -cholesterol B-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -the O -adrenal O -, O -synthase O -activity O -in O -the O -gland O -rose O -by O -14 O -- O -to O -29 O -- O -fold O -and O -reductase O -activity O -rose O -by O -50 O -- O -to O -100 O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -adrenal O -acetoacetyl O -coenzyme O -A O -thiolase O -( O -acetyl O -CoA O -acetyltransferase O -; O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -: O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -C O -- O -acetyltransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -9 O -) O -, O -the O -enzyme O -preceding O -the O -synthase O -in O -the O -cholesterol B-Chemical -biosynthetic O -pathway O -, O -and O -the O -activity O -of O -adrenal O -mevalonate O -kinase O -( O -ATP O -: O -mevalonate O -5 O -- O -phosphotransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -1 O -. O -36 O -) O -, O -the O -enzyme O -following O -the O -reductase O -, O -were O -not O -enhanced O -by O -cholesterol B-Chemical -deprivation O -, O -and O -neither O -exhibited O -a O -pattern O -of O -diurnal O -variation O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -stimulatory O -( O -wall O -- O -softening O -) O -cations O -, O -divalents O -were O -generally O -more O -effective O -than O -monovalents O -, O -with O -magnesium B-Chemical -being O -the O -most O -stimulatory O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -product O -of O -a O -newly O -identified O -gene O -, O -gInF O -, O -is O -required O -for O -synthesis O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -Salmonella O -. O - -aps B-category -Salmonella O -strains O -with O -ICR O -( O -2 O -- O -chloro O -- O -6 O -- O -methoxy O -- O -9 O -- O -[ O -3 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -chloroethyl O -) O -aminopropylamino O -] O -acridine O -dihyodrochloride O -) O -- O -induced O -( O -frameshift O -) O -mutations O -in O -glnF O -are O -glutamine B-Chemical -auxotrophs O -; O -they O -have O -less O -than O -10 O -% O -oof O -wild O -- O -type O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -or O -antigen O -and O -are O -unable O -to O -derepress O -the O -synthesis O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -they O -have O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -13 O -) O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -4 O -) O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Separate O -chemical O -inhibitors O -of O -long O -- O -term O -and O -short O -- O -term O -memory O -: O -contrasting O -effects O -of O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -, O -ouabain B-Chemical -and O -ethacrynic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -on O -various O -learning O -tasks O -in O -chickens O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -transport O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -into O -the O -brain O -of O -the O -rat O -in O -vivo O -: O -saturable O -and O -non O -- O -saturable O -components O -of O -influx O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -intestinal O -absorption O -of O -bovine O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -depletion O -on O -the O -renal O -response O -to O -short O -- O -duration O -of O -NH4Cl O -acid O -loading O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biological O -fate O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Methylreserpate O -and O -trimethoxybenzoic O -acid O -are O -the O -primary O -metabolites O -which O -result O -from O -the O -hydrolytic O -cleavage O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -contributions O -of O -serum O -esterases O -versus O -hepatic O -metabolism O -in O -the O -biotransformation O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -in O -vivo O -are O -not O -known O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -liver O -, O -it O -is O -quite O -likely O -that O -both O -microsomal O -oxidative O -and O -hydrolytic O -enzymes O -contribute O -to O -the O -metabolism O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Presumably O -reserpine B-Chemical -is O -transported O -from O -the O -blood O -via O -the O -biliary O -tree O -into O -the O -small O -intestine O -where O -it O -is O -either O -reabsorbed O -or O -eliminated O -in O -the O -feces O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -single O -intravenous O -injection O -most O -of O -the O -reserpine B-Chemical -, O -probably O -loosely O -bound O -to O -plasma O -albumin O -, O -is O -distributed O -to O -tissues O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -their O -blood O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -Much O -of O -the O -circulating O -reserpine B-Chemical -would O -then O -either O -be O -metabolized O -or O -be O -taken O -up O -by O -the O -lipid O -depots O -of O -the O -body O -, O -leading O -to O -a O -rapid O -redistribution O -of O -the O -reversibly O -bound O -reserpine B-Chemical -from O -the O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -a O -small O -specific O -binding O -would O -not O -be O -detectable O -for O -at O -least O -18 O -hr O -after O -reserpine B-Chemical -administration O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -until O -most O -of O -the O -reversibly O -bound O -alkaloid O -had O -been O -metabolized O -and O -/ O -or O -excreted O -. O -. O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Research O -on O -the O -relation O -between O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -of O -toliprolol O -and O -the O -central O -effects O -of O -nialamide O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Is O -the O -drug O -effect O -antianxiety O -or O -antidepressant B-Chemical -[ O -proceedings O -] O -? O - -aps B-category -have O -observed O -some O -patients O -suffering O -from O -persistent O -chronic O -hepatitis O -, O -aggressive O -chronic O -hepatitis O -, O -severe O -virus O -hepatitis O -, O -hepatic O -cirrhosis O -, O -hepatic O -metastasis O -, O -cholecystolithiasis O -, O -hepatic O -abscess O -, O -congestic O -heart O -disorder O -, O -alcoholism O -also O -patients O -treated O -with O -barbiturics O -and O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -, O -comparising O -in O -the O -meanwhile O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -transaminase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -six O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -( O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -dibenamine O -, O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -tolazoline O -, O -azapetine O -and O -SY O -- O -28 O -) O -did O -not O -alter O -the O -automatism O -induced O -. O - -aps B-category -Central O -nervous O -system O -( O -CNS O -) O -reactions O -to O -intermittently O -infused O -lidocaine B-Chemical -HCl O -( O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -The O -threshold O -for O -intermittent O -tonic O -- O -clonic O -seizures O -( O -ICS O -) O -occurred O -at O -an O -infused O -lidocaine B-Chemical -dose O -of O -33 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mongrel O -dog O -appears O -to O -be O -a O -satisfactory O -and O -simple O -model O -system O -to O -evaluate O -lidocaine B-Chemical -toxicity O -from O -behavioral O -and O -cardiorespiratory O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -by O -naloxone B-Chemical -of O -tolerance O -and O -dependence O -in O -morphinized O -mice O -is O -dose O -- O -and O -time O -- O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -relationship O -appears O -to O -be O -true O -for O -animals O -which O -have O -been O -treated O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -chronically O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -first O -day O -the O -exercise O -was O -not O -preceded O -by O -any O -medication O -; O -on O -the O -second O -, O -50 O -mg O -thiazinamium O -was O -given O -, O -and O -on O -the O -third O -day O -2 O -mg O -atropine B-Chemical -was O -given O -before O -the O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Treatment O -of O -arterial O -hypertension O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -long O -- O -term O -study O -, O -regular O -inhalations O -of O -a O -short O -- O -acting O -selective O -beta2 O -- O -stimulator O -, O -rimiterol O -, O -was O -compared O -with O -a O -long O -- O -acting O -one O -, O -terbutaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -regular O -inhalation O -treatment O -of O -rimiterol O -seemed O -to O -be O -as O -effective O -as O -terbutaline B-Chemical -in O -long O -- O -term O -bronchodilator O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -were O -inhibited O -by O -cortisol B-Chemical -but O -were O -not O -altered O -by O -hormones O -that O -normally O -stimulate O -osteoclastic O -bone O -resorption O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -liver O -microsomes O -are O -incubated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -NADPH B-Chemical -) O -, O -their O -constituent O -lipids O -undergo O -peroxidative O -degeneration O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Use O -of O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -barbiturate I-Chemical -medications O -as O -hypnotics O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspirin B-Chemical -, O -ketoprofen B-Chemical -, O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -, O -and O -naproxen B-Chemical -all O -produced O -acute O -gastric O -erosions O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -significant O -difference O -between O -the O -effects O -of O -ketoprofen B-Chemical -, O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -, O -and O -naproxen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Metiamide O -and O -cimetidine B-Chemical -were O -effective O -in O -preventing O -this O -type O -of O -experimental O -acute O -erosive O -gastritis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -examine O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -influence O -of O -coronary O -arterial O -pH O -( O -pHa O -) O -on O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -( O -MV O -02 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -isolates O -pH O -as O -a O -determinant O -of O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -indicates O -that O -progressive O -alkalosis O -induces O -increased O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Research O -on O -the O -interference O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -on O -the O -action O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -K I-Chemical -antagonists O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -pial O -arterioles O -did O -not O -change O -their O -caliber O -in O -response O -to O -application O -of O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -with O -unchanged O -pH O -but O -markedly O -increased O -or O -decreased O -Pco O -, O -or O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Spontaneous O -uptake O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -by O -lymphocytes O -of O -bone O -marrow O -transplanted O -recipients O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Increase O -in O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -of O -the O -chick O -retina O -by O -an O -apparent O -phosphorylation O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -various O -factors O -on O -aggregation O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -oxalate O -crystals O -in O -vitro O -was O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Citrate B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -at O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -, O -but O -did O -inhibit O -at O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -. O -The O -latter O -effect O -is O -probably O -due O -to O -calcium B-Chemical -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Activity O -and O -isoenzymes O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ketoglutarate I-Chemical -transaminase O -in O -the O -liver O -cytostructures O -of O -rats O -with O -alloxan O -diabetes O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Adenyl O -cyclase O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -phosphodiesteraze O -: O -their O -nature O -, O -properties O -and O -regulation O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Chemiluminescence O -of O -the O -blood O -serum O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -divalent O -iron B-Chemical -salts O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Castration O -of O -adult O -rats O -did O -not O -distinctly O -alter O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -transaminase O -activity O -in O -liver O -tissue O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -Insulin O -decreased O -the O -stimulating O -effect O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -on O -the O -synthesis O -of O -the O -synthesis O -of O -the O -enzyme O -in O -liver O -tissue O -mitochondria O -of O -young O -and O -adult O -castrated O -males O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -the O -serotonin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -adenylate O -deaminase O -from O -the O -mitochondrial O -fraction O -of O -rat O -liver O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -obtained O -suggest O -that O -the O -test O -for O -excretion O -of O -methylmalonic O -acid O -was O -the O -highly O -specific O -as O -a O -pattern O -of O -supply O -with O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Method O -for O -the O -direct O -spectrophotometric O -determination O -of O -the O -rate O -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -reaction O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -6 O -. O -2 O -the O -ratios O -of O -molar O -extinction O -were O -as O -follows O -: O -in O -trisacetate O -ADMPH4 O -- O -1370 O -, O -ADMPH2 O -- O -5350 O -; O -in O -tris B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -malate I-Chemical -tadmph4 O -- O -1250 O -, O -admph25300 O -. O - -aps B-category -Partially O -purified O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -isolated O -from O -small O -amounts O -of O -human O -erythrocytes O -( O -15 O -- O -20 O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -dialyzed O -in O -presence O -of O -1 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -NADP O -, O -had O -critical O -temperature O -about O -52 O -degrees O -within O -10 O -min O -of O -incubation O -; O -without O -NADP O -it O -was O -at O -45 O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -Detoxication O -of O -lipid O -peroxides B-Chemical -by O -the O -glutathione B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -peroxidase I-Chemical -system O -in O -the O -aorta O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -animals O -with O -high O -initial O -content O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -peroxidase I-Chemical -in O -aorta O -were O -shown O -to O -be O -less O -subjected O -to O -the O -impairment O -in O -alimentary O -atherosclerosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -was O -less O -pronounced O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -concentrations O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -salts O -and O -of O -psychostimulants O -caffeine B-Chemical -and O -corasole O -were O -found O -to O -stimulate O -the O -Ca2 O -+ O -, O -Mg2 O -+ O -- O -ATPase O -activity O -; O -low O -concentrations O -of O -the O -substances O -slightly O -inhibited O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -is O -based O -on O -the O -steady O -state O -potentiometric O -titration O -at O -constant O -pH O -value O -of O -higher O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -liberated O -during O -the O -hydrolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Neurohumoral O -influences O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -hormones O -on O -sexual O -responsiveness O -in O -women O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -current O -literature O -on O -the O -subject O -, O -an O -analysis O -is O -made O -of O -the O -endocrinological O -and O -psychosomatic O -aspects O -of O -the O -influence O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -hormones O -, O -which O -probably O -act O -through O -the O -action O -of O -transmitter O -substances O -, O -upon O -the O -sexual O -responsiveness O -of O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -relationship O -was O -found O -in O -regard O -to O -the O -birth O -weight O -of O -the O -newborn O -infants O -: O -in O -the O -PDP O -group O -74 O -. O -4 O -% O -of O -the O -babies O -weighed O -over O -2500 O -g O -at O -birth O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -respective O -figure O -of O -42 O -. O -9 O -% O -in O -the O -control O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -utilization O -in O -the O -reduction O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -to O -lactate B-Chemical -in O -a O -glycogen O -- O -containing O -subline O -of O -Ehrlich O -ascites O -tumour O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -either O -mitochondrial O -inhibitors O -or O -pyruvate B-Chemical -to O -ascites O -cells O -metabolizing O -endogenous O -substrates O -enhances O -the O -rate O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurements O -of O -the O -glycogen O -content O -show O -that O -either O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -mitochondrial O -inhibitors O -or O -pyruvate B-Chemical -there O -is O -a O -stimulation O -of O -glycogenolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -with O -pyruvate B-Chemical -the O -accumulation O -of O -G O -- O -6 O -- O -P O -becomes O -lower O -if O -the O -cells O -are O -starved O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -iron B-Chemical -, O -tin O -, O -aluminium B-Chemical -, O -and O -chromium O -on O -fading O -, O -discoloration O -, O -and O -precipitation O -in O -berry O -and O -red O -beet O -juices O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -case O -of O -iron B-Chemical -, O -aluminium B-Chemical -, O -and O -chromium O -the O -low O -pH O -prevented O -this O -type O -of O -discoloration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -red O -beet O -juice O -, O -precipitation O -is O -increased O -by O -the O -lowering O -of O -pH O -resulting O -from O -metal O -salt B-Chemical -addition O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Nitrogen O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -content O -in O -sow O -' O -s O -milk O -at O -different O -stages O -of O -lactation O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -, O -6 O -- O -dichlorphenolindophenol O -was O -one O -of O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -acceptors O -in O -vitro O -of O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -Pi O -from O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -and O -other O -phosphate B-Chemical -esters O -was O -found O -to O -have O -an O -optimum O -between O -pH O -7 O -and O -8 O -, O -and O -another O -below O -pH O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Potato O -starch O -and O -soluble O -starch O -were O -suitable O -as O -carbon B-Chemical -sources O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -in O -3 O -. O -6 O -g O -/ O -l O -acted O -as O -buffering O -agent O -in O -the O -fermentation O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -plasma O -ACTH B-Chemical -and O -beta O -- O -MSH O -in O -CAH O -. O - -aps B-category -Complex O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glyceraldehyde I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -with O -Cu2 O -+ O -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -this O -functional O -group O -is O -a O -histidine O -imidazole O -, O -which O -activates O -the O -Cys O -- O -149 O -thiol B-Chemical -group O -in O -the O -native O -enzyme O -and O -binds O -the O -metal O -ion O -in O -the O -cupric O -complex O -in O -a O -Cys O -- O -Cu O -- O -His O -chelate O -structure O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -Micrococcus O -luteus O -ATTC9341 O -to O -streptomycin B-Chemical -, O -erythromycin B-Chemical -, O -oleandomycin O -and O -spiramycin O -was O -tested O -by O -an O -agar O -diffusion O -method O -using O -antibiotic O -impregnated O -filter O -paper O -disks O -on O -unbuffered O -Penassay O -Seed O -Agar O -two O -zones O -of O -inhibition O -were O -observed O -around O -the O -disks O -after O -an O -incubation O -period O -of O -24 O -hours O -at O -30 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -pH O -of O -the O -M O -. O -luteus O -seeded O -Penassay O -Seed O -Agar O -was O -measured O -before O -and O -after O -24 O -hours O -incubation O -at O -30 O -degrees O -C O -and O -found O -to O -be O -6 O -. O -6 O -and O -8 O -. O -7 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -- O -isopropylamino O -- O -3 O -- O -( O -1 O -- O -naphtoloxy O -) O -- O -propan O -- O -2 O -- O -ol O -) O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -blocking O -agent O -was O -found O -to O -cause O -changes O -of O -transmembraneous O -pH O -in O -liposomes O -prepared O -from O -Soy O -- O -lecithin O -and O -cardiolipin O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -charged O -form O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -is O -bound O -to O -the O -membrane O -and O -dislocates O -protons O -from O -binding O -sites O -in O -the O -membrane O -and O -that O -the O -uncharged O -form O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -penetrates O -the O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -aromatic O -hydroxylation O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -in O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -and O -perfused O -liver O -preparations O -: O -effects O -of O -long O -- O -term O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Repeated O -administraion O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -reduced O -p O -- O -hydroxylation O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -455 O -nm O -complex O -formed O -during O -the O -microsomal O -metabolism O -of O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -was O -increased O -by O -the O -long O -- O -term O -administration O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Amphetamine B-Chemical -disappeared O -from O -the O -perfusate O -of O -the O -perfused O -liver O -at O -the O -same O -rate O -in O -rats O -given O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -and O -in O -rats O -given O -amphetamine B-Chemical -orally O -for O -four O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Conformation O -of O -erythro O -and O -threo O -forms O -of O -compounds O -related O -to O -ephedrine B-Chemical -and O -isoetharine O -. O - -aps B-category -Polymerization O -of O -penicillins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -ATP O -- O -free O -granule O -material O -from O -bovine O -adrenal O -medulla O -to O -bind O -inorganic O -cations O -and O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -hypercapnia O -and O -hypocapnia O -on O -tryptophan B-Chemical -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylation O -in O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -hydroxylation O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -varies O -directly O -with O -the O -tissue O -Po2 O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Analysis O -of O -rapid O -eye O -movements O -in O -sleep O -in O -insomnic O -patients O -treated O -with O -flurazepam B-Chemical -and O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -: O -characterization O -of O -the O -molecular O -heterogeneity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -in O -human O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Uricine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -uric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -interactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Urate B-Chemical -transport O -in O -the O -rat O -appears O -to O -be O -saturable O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -increase O -of O -the O -nonionized O -fraction O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -by O -a O -factor O -of O -five O -failed O -to O -increase O -urate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -, O -transport O -cannot O -be O -due O -to O -nonionic O -diffusion O -but O -rather O -involves O -ionized O -urate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -characteristics O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -uptake O -by O -separated O -renal O -tubules O -of O -the O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -urine O -flow O -rate O -on O -urate B-Chemical -clearance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -acid O -loading O -on O -renal O -excretion O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -ammonium B-Chemical -in O -gout O -. O - -aps B-category -Burimamide O -, O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -cause O -pressor O -responses O -in O -pithed O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pressor O -effects O -( O -and O -presumably O -catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -activities O -) O -appear O -to O -be O -related O -to O -the O -basicities O -of O -the O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Growth O -characteristics O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -utilization O -and O -the O -ultrastructure O -of O -trypanosomes O -grown O -in O -this O -medium O -are O -described O -briefly O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypertension O -complicating O -treatment O -with O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenergic I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -5 O -animals O -whose O -measurements O -were O -obtained O -within O -5 O -minutes O -of O -the O -onset O -of O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -, O -a O -sudden O -massive O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -loss O -and O -increased O -acidosis O -of O -the O -occluded O -portion O -supervened O -minutes O -before O -the O -onset O -of O -the O -fatal O -arrhythmia O -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -diet O -- O -induced O -dog O -gallstones O -contained O -mainly O -protein O -, O -mucous O -substances O -, O -bile O -salts O -, O -bilirubin B-Chemical -, O -an O -insoluble O -pigment O -which O -formed O -an O -insoluble O -black O -residue O -after O -acid O -hydrolysis O -, O -and O -only O -traces O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -bile O -, O -the O -ratio O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -to O -bile O -salts O -was O -increased O -, O -but O -phospholipids O -were O -increased O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -insolubility O -was O -not O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -bilirubin B-Chemical -content O -was O -unaltered O -but O -the O -methods O -used O -did O -not O -exclude O -the O -presence O -of O -unconjugated O -bilirubin B-Chemical -as O -a O -potential O -cause O -of O -pigment O -precipitation O -in O -aqueous O -bile O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetate O -, O -propionate O -, O -and O -n O -- O -butyrate O -are O -the O -major O -short O -- O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -SCFA O -) O -anions O -in O -the O -gastrointestinal O -tract O -of O -animal O -and O -man O -, O -accounting O -for O -90 O -% O -of O -total O -SCFA O -in O -stool O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -Water O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -and O -chloride B-Chemical -transport O -were O -not O -affected O -by O -substantial O -rates O -of O -SCFA O -absorption O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -are O -compatible O -with O -either O -of O -two O -mechanisms O -for O -SCFA O -absorption O -: O -an O -anion O -exchange O -between O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -( O -or O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -) O -and O -SCFA O -ions O -, O -or O -protonation O -of O -the O -SCFA O -anion O -at O -the O -mucosal O -surface O -followed O -by O -simple O -diffusion O -of O -nonionized O -SCFA O -into O -the O -absorbing O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -parenteral O -secretin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cholecystokinin I-Chemical -and O -of O -duodenal O -acid O -perfusion O -on O -gastric O -secretion O -in O -duodenal O -ulcer O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -secretin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cholecystokinin I-Chemical -was O -more O -marked O -than O -the O -effect O -of O -duodenal O -acid O -perfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -doubtful O -that O -propoxyphene O -hydrochloride O -65 O -mg O -provides O -an O -analgesic O -effect O -equal O -to O -that O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -650 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -11 O -fetal O -sheep O -experiments O -, O -the O -blood O -pressure O -in O -the O -fetal O -aorta O -( O -FA O -) O -and O -in O -the O -umbilical O -vein O -( O -UV O -) O -was O -measured O -following O -umbilical O -vein O -occlusion O -( O -UVO O -) O -, O -as O -was O -the O -fetal O -heart O -rate O -( O -FHR O -) O -, O -pH O -, O -Pco2 O -, O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -( O -So2 O -) O -in O -both O -fetal O -vessels O -, O -and O -umbilical O -blood O -flow O -( O -Qumb O -) O -of O -the O -common O -UV O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -the O -plasma O -membrane O -enzyme O -Na O -+ O -- O -K O -+ O -- O -ATPase O -by O -ouabain B-Chemical -zero O -extracellular O -K O -+ O -, O -or O -low O -extracellular O -Na O -+ O -, O -markedly O -augmented O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -release O -from O -the O -guinea O -pig O -taenia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -characteristics O -of O -the O -plasma O -membrane O -may O -exert O -a O -control O -on O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -release O -in O -this O -smooth O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -retinol O -absorption O -rate O -was O -decreased O -when O -sodium B-Chemical -taurocholate O -concentration O -was O -raised O -above O -5 O -mM O -, O -or O -when O -2 O -. O -5 O -mM O -linoleic O -or O -linolenic O -acids O -were O -added O -to O -the O -perfusate O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -chronic O -furosemide B-Chemical -administration O -on O -hydrogen B-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -in O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -daily O -excretion O -in O -five O -dogs O -averaged O -64 O -meq O -for O -Na O -, O -51 O -meq O -for O -K O -, O -66 O -meq O -for O -Cl O -, O -and O -17 O -meq O -for O -net O -H O -. O -Furosemide B-Chemical -, O -40 O -mg O -, O -in O -the O -drinking O -water O -3 O -times O -daily O -was O -given O -for O -4 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Body O -weight O -, O -hematocrit O -, O -plasma O -albumin O -, O -creatinine B-Chemical -, O -and O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -were O -unchanged O -, O -indicating O -the O -absence O -of O -electrolyte O -or O -volume O -depletion O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -experiments O -suggest O -that O -chronic O -furosemide B-Chemical -administration O -may O -enhance O -H O -excretion O -and O -generate O -alkalosis O -even O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -volume O -or O -electrolyte O -depletion O -and O -without O -increased O -aldosterone B-Chemical -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -PTH O -infusion O -on O -urinary O -acidification O -in O -animals O -with O -distal O -renal O -tubular O -acidosis O -caused O -by O -LiCl B-Chemical -administration O -were O -also O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -glycolysis O -increases O -sharply O -, O -due O -to O -both O -increased O -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -phosphorylase O -activation O -( O -there O -is O -rapid O -interconversion O -between O -a O -and O -b O -forms O -, O -both O -of O -which O -are O -active O -here O -) O -; O -this O -causes O -a O -damped O -glycolytic O -oscillation O -originating O -with O -the O -glycogen O -- O -handling O -enzymes O -rather O -than O -phosphofructokinase O -. O - -aps B-category -Computer O -simulation O -of O -rat O -heart O -metabolism O -after O -adding O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -the O -perfusate O -. O - -aps B-category -Mitochondrial O -metabolism O -is O -quantitatively O -reorganized O -under O -cytoplasmic O -control O -, O -with O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidation O -undergoing O -a O -two O -- O -step O -decrease O -. O - -aps B-category -Limitations O -on O -simple O -methods O -of O -analyzing O -metabolic O -data O -of O -this O -type O -, O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -use O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -/ O -pyruvate B-Chemical -ratios O -to O -calculate O -NADH O -/ O -NAD O -ratios O -, O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Pethidine B-Chemical -given O -within O -1 O -hour O -of O -delivery O -is O -believed O -to O -cause O -less O -depression O -than O -when O -the O -time O -interval O -is O -longer O -. O - -aps B-category -Fentanyl B-Chemical -and O -buphrenorphine O -were O -also O -investigated O -as O -alternative O -analgesics O -. O - -aps B-category -Depression O -was O -also O -produced O -when O -anoxia O -was O -induced O -5 O -minutes O -after O -pethidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -both O -pethidine B-Chemical -and O -its O -metabolites O -are O -factors O -in O -the O -persisting O -depression O -, O -while O -buphrenorphine O -compared O -well O -with O -pethidine B-Chemical -and O -fentanyl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -production O -of O -formaldehyde O -as O -a O -metabolite O -of O -enzymatic O -biotransformation O -of O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -was O -observed O -in O -vitro O -in O -hepatic O -microsomal O -preparations O -derived O -from O -Japanese O -monkeys O -, O -rabbits O -and O -Wistar O -strain O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -reaction O -needed O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Anaesthesia O -with O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -( O -rohypnol O -) O -and O -fentanyl B-Chemical -for O -geriatric O -patients O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Anaesthesia O -was O -induced O -with O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -rohypnol O -and O -0 O -. O -1 O -to O -0 O -. O -2 O -mg O -fentanyl B-Chemical -depending O -on O -the O -narcotic O -effect O -of O -rohypnol O -, O -intubation O -was O -performed O -under O -relaxation O -with O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -and O -long O -term O -relaxation O -was O -achieved O -with O -pancuronium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Careful O -dosage O -of O -the O -drugs O -, O -in O -particular O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -, O -and O -knowledge O -of O -adequate O -measures O -to O -treat O -a O -decrease O -in O -blood O -pressure O -if O -it O -occurs O -, O -appears O -to O -be O -a O -prerequisite O -for O -the O -use O -of O -this O -type O -of O -anaesthesia O -in O -poor O -risk O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -action O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -on O -the O -isolated O -aorta O -of O -the O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -to O -transmural O -stimulation O -was O -more O -resistant O -to O -fentanyl B-Chemical -than O -was O -the O -response O -to O -an O -equipotent O -dose O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -contractile O -responses O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -were O -not O -significantly O -altered O -by O -fentanyl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -to O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -failed O -to O -influence O -the O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -solution O -( O -citrate B-Chemical -, O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -dextrose B-Chemical -) O -answers O -to O -requirements O -in O -this O -field O -when O -the O -blood O -used O -is O -less O -than O -48 O -hours O -old O -. O - -aps B-category -That O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -which O -is O -administered O -in O -considerable O -quantities O -during O -ECC O -and O -that O -of O -the O -iso O -- O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -But O -, O -owing O -to O -the O -CRABTREEE O -effect O -, O -an O -excess O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -blocks O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -ATP O -and O -a O -non O -- O -metabolisable O -structural O -analogue O -which O -has O -mechanical O -properties O -identical O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -such O -as O -fucose O -or O -rhamnose O -could O -be O -supplied O -instead O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Sodium B-Chemical -supply O -in O -operations O -under O -extracorporeal O -circulation O -in O -children O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -enables O -one O -to O -find O -that O -there O -is O -an O -inflation O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -after O -intervention O -under O -ECC O -, O -which O -is O -even O -more O -important O -, O -the O -longer O -the O -duration O -of O -the O -ECC O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -datas O -must O -be O -completed O -by O -calcul O -of O -subendocardiac O -viability O -by O -studying O -the O -arterial O -pressure O -curves O -which O -inform O -on O -oxygen B-Chemical -supply O -and O -demand O -, O -and O -by O -the O -contractility O -index O -measure O -( O -aortic O -output O -speed O -and O -measure O -of O -systolic O -interval O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -between O -combinations O -of O -droperidol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenoperidine I-Chemical -and O -chlorprothixene O -- O -dextromoramide O -in O -cardiac O -surgery O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -present O -, O -drug O -protection O -, O -extended O -to O -energetic O -solutions O -and O -electrolytes O -, O -aim O -at O -preserving O -energy O -metabolism O -by O -stocking O -of O -the O -substrate O -and O -at O -avoiding O -interferences O -which O -precipitate O -exhaustion O -of O -the O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -and O -phosphocreatinine O -reserves O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -is O -deferred O -, O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -calcium I-Chemical -techniques O -are O -even O -proposed O -( O -washing O -poor O -in O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -verapamil B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -subsequently O -note O -the O -apprearance O -of O -mixed O -acidosis O -and O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyruvate I-Chemical -ratio O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -loss O -is O -increased O -as O -well O -as O -coagulation O -time O -showing O -a O -more O -intense O -heparin B-Chemical -rebound O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -the O -treatment O -, O -many O -observations O -confirm O -the O -highly O -beneficient O -part O -of O -early O -hyperbaric O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rise O -in O -the O -flow O -of O -left O -output O -can O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -occurrence O -of O -negative O -pulmonary O -intravascular O -pressures O -which O -can O -be O -prejudicial O -for O -capillary O -trophicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -of O -this O -study O -show O -a O -diminution O -of O -the O -coagulation O -factors O -rate O -, O -an O -augmentation O -of O -the O -fibrinolytic O -activity O -and O -an O -unforeseable O -variability O -of O -the O -residual O -heparin B-Chemical -leading O -in O -all O -cases O -to O -a O -complement O -of O -the O -heparin B-Chemical -neutralization O -by O -Protamine O -. O - -aps B-category -: O -insufficient O -surgical O -correction O -, O -coronary O -embolism O -lack O -of O -balance O -between O -apport O -and O -expense O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -L O -( O -+ O -) O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -from O -the O -electric O -organ O -of O -Electrophorus O -electricus O -( O -L O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Electric O -organ O -LDH O -is O -a O -soluble O -enzyme O -with O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -7 O -. O -4 O -for O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -9 O -. O -0 O -for O -lactate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -lactate B-Chemical -as O -a O -substrate O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -, O -malonate O -, O -oxalate O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -inhibited O -competitively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -- O -effect O -curve O -is O -considerably O -flatter O -with O -several O -drugs O -( O -diethyl O -ether B-Chemical -, O -cyclopropane O -, O -fluroxene O -, O -isoflurane B-Chemical -, O -and O -ketamine B-Chemical -) O -, O -presumably O -from O -sympathetic O -nervous O -- O -system O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluroxene O -( O -45 O -) O -is O -more O -depressant O -in O -VHD O -patients O -, O -but O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -( O -46 O -) O -, O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -30 O -) O -, O -fetanyl O -( O -46 O -) O -, O -and O -droperidol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fentanyl I-Chemical -( O -46 O -) O -seem O -to O -have O -equivalent O -effects O -to O -those O -seen O -in O -health O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -synthetic O -medium O -for O -biosynthesis O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -was O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Penicillin B-Chemical -amidase O -from O -E O -. O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Penicillin B-Chemical -amidase O -from O -E O -. O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -minimum O -inhibitory O -concentrations O -( O -MIC O -) O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -and O -six O -other O -antimicrobials O -were O -determined O -for O -50 O -clinical O -isolates O -of O -Bacteroides O -melaninogenicus O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -isolates O -with O -penicillin B-Chemical -MIC O -values O -& O -gt O -; O -/ O -= O -0 O -. O -8 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -produced O -beta O -- O -lactamase O -using O -a O -slide O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Compartmentation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -in O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluribiprofen O -and O -prednisolone B-Chemical -were O -equipotent O -and O -were O -capable O -of O -almost O -completely O -suppressing O -fluid O -and O -cellular O -responses O -, O -while O -alclofenac O -was O -less O -potent O -at O -nontoxic O -dose O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Gel O -electrophoresis O -and O -regel O -electrophoresis O -of O -the O -isolated O -main O -band O -resulted O -in O -several O -distinct O -bands O -, O -which O -were O -not O -altered O -by O -the O -additions O -of O -substrate O -alpha O -- O -ketoisovalerate O -, O -feedback O -inhibitor O -leucine B-Chemical -or O -other O -effectors O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- O -phosphosulfate O -( O -APS O -) O -as O -sulfate O -donor O -for O -assimilatory O -sulfate O -reduction O -in O -Rhodospirillum O -rubrum O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -here O -that O -this O -enzyme O -is O -specific O -for O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- O -phosphosulfate O -, O -because O -the O -purified O -enzyme O -fraction O -metabolized O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- O -phosphosulfate O -; O -3 O -' O -- O -phosphoadenosine O -- O -5 O -' O -- O -phosphosulfate O -, O -however O -, O -only O -at O -a O -rate O -of O -1 O -/ O -10 O -of O -that O -with O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- O -phosphosulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -this O -activity O -with O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- O -phosphosulfate O -the O -name O -APS O -- O -sulfotransferase O -is O -suggested O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -optimum O -was O -about O -9 O -. O -0 O -; O -the O -apparent O -Km O -for O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -phosphosulfate O -was O -determined O -to O -be O -0 O -. O -05 O -mM O -with O -this O -so O -far O -purified O -enzyme O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -resembled O -the O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -of O -this O -organism O -in O -its O -association O -with O -the O -particulate O -fraction O -and O -its O -linkage O -to O -oxygen B-Chemical -through O -a O -cytochrome O -- O -containing O -respiratory O -chain O -, O -but O -differed O -from O -this O -and O -other O -bacterial O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -in O -its O -high O -substrate O -specificity O -and O -low O -Km O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -chronic O -pain O -is O -a O -malefic O -force O -that O -taxes O -the O -physical O -, O -emotional O -, O -and O -economic O -resources O -of O -the O -patient O -, O -his O -famiily O -, O -and O -society O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -3 O -, O -4 O -, O -- O -dihydron O -- O -2 O -, O -2 O -- O -dimethyl O -- O -2h O -- O -1 O -- O -benzopyran O -- O -6 O -- O -butyric O -acid O -on O -the O -solubility O -of O -sickle O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -of O -metallothionein B-Chemical -in O -a O -polysomal O -cell O -- O -free O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxlase O -synthesis O -in O -rat O -superior O -cervical O -ganglia O -in O -vitro O -by O -nerve O -growth O -factor O -and O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -effect O -of O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -on O -gastric O -secretion O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -on O -the O -activity O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -in O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -is O -developed O -for O -gas O -- O -chromatographic O -determination O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -, O -desmethylflunitrazepam O -and O -clonazepam B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -, O -using O -methylclonazepam O -as O -internal O -standard O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -shown O -that O -chlordiazepoxide O -readily O -reacts O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -in O -an O -aqueous O -HCl O -solution O -as O -well O -as O -in O -human O -gastric O -juice O -to O -N O -- O -nitrosochlordiazepoxide O -with O -a O -high O -yield O -( O -up O -to O -75 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -gonadotropins O -in O -the O -rat O -after O -prenatal O -damage O -to O -the O -testes O -by O -busulfan B-Chemical -and O -their O -reaction O -to O -cryptorchidism O -, O -castration O -and O -administration O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Application O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -in O -various O -doses O -increases O -FSH O -in O -normal O -animals O -but O -not O -in O -busulfan B-Chemical -treated O -rats O -24 O -h O -post O -infectionem O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -group O -of O -20 O -female O -neurotic O -inpatients O -has O -been O -treated O -with O -7 O -- O -chloro O -- O -5 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -chlorophenyl O -) O -- O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -dihydro O -- O -2H O -- O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -benzodiazepin O -- O -2 O -- O -one O -- O -( O -chlordesmethyldiazepan O -) O -- O -7 O -- O -chloro O -- O -5 O -( O -o O -- O -chlorophenyl O -) O -- O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -dihydro O -- O -3 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -2H O -- O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -benzodiazepin O -- O -2 O -- O -one O -( O -lorazepam B-Chemical -) O -according O -to O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -cross O -- O -over O -design O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -are O -discussed O -with O -regard O -to O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -structure O -- O -activity O -relationships O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vitro O -effects O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -E1 O -and O -F1alpha O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -cholesteryl B-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -cholesteryl B-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -hydrolase O -activities O -of O -the O -pigeon O -aorta O -were O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostaglandin O -F1alpha O -, O -however O -, O -modestly O -stimulated O -the O -cholesteryl B-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -hydrolase O -activity O -both O -in O -the O -microsomal O -and O -in O -the O -supernatant O -fraction O -of O -the O -aorta O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -thioridazine B-Chemical -in O -blood O -and O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -The O -method O -can O -also O -measure O -thioridazine B-Chemical -ring O -sulphoxide O -, O -and O -mesoridazine O -- O -plus O -- O -sulphoridazine O -( O -M O -/ O -S O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -Urinary O -excretion O -may O -be O -influenced O -by O -pH O -, O -but O -between O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -- O -7 O -. O -0 O -about O -1 O -% O -of O -the O -daily O -dose O -appears O -in O -24 O -h O -urine O -as O -the O -following O -: O -free O -thioridazine B-Chemical -in O -microng O -quantities O -, O -M O -/ O -S O -and O -ring O -sulphoxide O -each O -in O -mg O -amounts O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -effects O -of O -penbutolol O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -a O -placebo O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -involving O -six O -healthy O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -beta O -- O -adrenolytic O -potency O -of O -penbutolol O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -four O -- O -fold O -that O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -but O -the O -duration O -of O -its O -effect O -was O -similar O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -Seven O -normal O -subjects O -were O -given O -three O -different O -hypnotics O -( O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -1 O -mg O -, O -amylobarbitone O -sodium B-Chemical -100 O -mg O -and O -dichloralphenazone O -1300 O -mg O -) O -for O -four O -consecutive O -nights O -each O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -find O -a O -net O -increase O -in O -the O -number O -of O -resonances O -contributing O -to O -the O -- O -9 O -. O -9 O -- O -ppm O -peak O -( O -downfield O -from O -sodium B-Chemical -4 O -, O -4 O -- O -dimethyl O -- O -4 O -- O -silapentanesulfonate O -) O -in O -three O -of O -these O -tRNAs O -at O -pH O -6 O -, O -while O -tRNAfMet1 O -does O -not O -clearly O -exhibit O -this O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -methyl O -1 O -- O -thio O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -galactopyranoside O -transport O -in O -membrane O -vesicles O -isolated O -from O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -. O - -aps B-category -TMG O -- O -dependent O -sodium B-Chemical -uptake O -is O -also O -observed O -, O -but O -only O -when O -a O -potassium B-Chemical -diffusion O -potential O -( O -interior O -negative O -) O -is O -induced O -across O -the O -vesicle O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -stoichiometry O -between O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -TMG O -appears O -to O -be O -1 O -: O -1 O -when O -transport O -is O -induced O -by O -a O -potassium B-Chemical -diffusion O -potential O -, O -evidence O -is O -presented O -which O -indicates O -that O -the O -relationship O -may O -exceed O -unity O -under O -certain O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -chemical O -mechanism O -is O -proposed O -in O -which O -a O -carboxyl O -group O -on O -the O -enzyme O -accepts O -a O -proton O -from O -the O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyl I-Chemical -of O -fructose O -during O -the O -forward O -reaction O -and O -donates O -it O -back O -during O -the O -reverse O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -perturbing O -groups O -with O -pKa O -values O -of O -6 O -. O -0 O -and O -9 O -. O -2 O -were O -assigned O -to O -the O -modified O -histidine O -- O -200 O -itself O -and O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bound I-Chemical -water O -ligand O -, O -respectively O -, O -making O -use O -of O -13C O -NMR O -titration O -data O -on O -Nr O -- O -and O -Nr O -- O -carboxymethyl O -- O -L O -- O -histidine O -model O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -both O -acid O -and O -alpha O -- O -paramyosin O -show O -gradual O -aggregation O -with O -changing O -pH O -at O -lowerionic O -strength O -( O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -3 O -) O -but O -sharp O -transitions O -similar O -to O -beta O -- O -paramyosin O -at O -higher O -ionic O -strength O -( O -greater O -than O -0 O -. O -3 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -13 I-Chemical -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Involvement O -of O -the O -essential O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphate O -uptake O -by O -yeast O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -is O -mediated O -by O -two O -mechanisms O -, O -one O -of O -which O -has O -a O -Km O -of O -30 O -micronM O -and O -is O -independent O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -and O -a O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -mechanism O -with O -a O -Km O -of O -0 O -. O -6 O -micronM O -, O -both O -Km O -values O -with O -respect O -to O -monovalent O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -lithium B-Chemical -enhances O -phosphate B-Chemical -uptake O -; O -the O -affinity O -constants O -for O -lithium B-Chemical -are O -0 O -. O -3 O -and O -36 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -Ribidium O -has O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -stimulation O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -of O -this O -stimulation O -with O -regard O -to O -monovalent O -orthophosphate O -is O -about O -equal O -to O -that O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -existence O -of O -a O -separate O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -cotransport O -system O -is O -proposed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -this O -activated O -carboxyl O -group O -with O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -hydroxylamine O -, O -N O -- O -methyl O -- O -and O -O O -- O -methylhydroxylamines O -, O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -has O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stereospecificity O -of O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -removal O -from O -reduced O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -catalyzed O -by O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -( O -NADH O -: O -nitrate B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -6 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -, O -and O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -: O -nitrate B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -6 O -. O -6 O -. O -2 O -) O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -highly O -purified O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -preparations O -from O -Cl O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -regulation O -of O -thiamine B-Chemical -diphosphatase O -activity O -in O -rat O -brain O -microsomes O -by O -lipids O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -treatment O -of O -micorosomes O -at O -alkaline O -pH O -caused O -a O -2 O -- O -fold O -activation O -of O -the O -thiamine B-Chemical -diphosphatase O -, O -this O -being O -related O -to O -a O -change O -in O -membrane O -structure O -which O -was O -evidenced O -by O -a O -decrease O -of O -the O -turbidity O -of O -the O -microsomal O -suspension O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -thiamine B-Chemical -diphosphatase O -activity O -was O -enhanced O -by O -treatment O -of O -the O -microsomes O -with O -phospholipase O -C O -or O -acetone O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -further O -that O -brain O -thiamine B-Chemical -diphosphatase O -was O -solubilized O -by O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -treatment O -with O -phospholipase O -C O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -activity O -of O -thiamine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -Glycogen O -has O -a O -competitive O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -4 O -- O -methylumbelliferyl O -- O -alpha O -- O -D O -- O -glucopyranoside O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -maltose O -which O -exhibits O -a O -non O -- O -competitive O -type O -of O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -- O -activated O -form O -of O -the O -enzyme O -is O -stimulated O -by O -several O -divalent O -cations O -, O -without O -specificity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -holoenzyme O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -[ O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -: O -O2 O -oxidoreductase O -( O -deaminating O -) O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -3 O -] O -was O -found O -to O -combine O -with O -1 O -- O -anilinonaphthalene O -- O -8 O -- O -sulfonate O -without O -liberation O -of O -its O -coenzyme O -, O -FAD O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -case O -of O -H3 O -- O -H4 O -complex O -or O -Hv O -the O -line O -width O -decreases O -at O -intermediate O -ionic O -strengths O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -0 O -. O -25 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Photooxidation O -of O -water O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -chlorophyll O -and O -the O -iron B-Chemical -complex O -of O -coproporphyrin O -III O -, O -adsorbed O -on O -the O -interface O -octane O -/ O -water O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -constants O -for O -the O -diffusion O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -and O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -ions O -in O -the O -membrane O -are O -estimated O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -our O -kinetic O -data O -to O -be O -10 O -( O -4 O -) O -- O -- O -10 O -( O -5 O -) O -s O -- O -1 O -and O -10 O -( O -2 O -) O -- O -- O -10 O -( O -3 O -) O -s O -- O -i O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -birth O -on O -the O -maturation O -of O -hepatic O -cytochrome O -( O -s O -) O -P O -- O -450 O -mono O -- O -oxygenase O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activities O -in O -the O -guinea O -pig O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -show O -that O -antigen O -- O -induced O -responses O -were O -enhanced O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -beta O -blockers O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -dichloroisoproterenol O -, O -and O -that O -this O -effect O -appeared O -to O -be O -specific O -blocking O -of O -the O -lymphocyte O -beta O -receptor O -since O -D O -( O -+ O -) O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -compound O -devoid O -of O -such O -acitvity O -, O -has O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -ions O -on O -the O -enzymatic O -properties O -of O -beef O -- O -liver O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -the O -character O -of O -these O -reactions O -to O -the O -electrostimulation O -were O -connected O -with O -the O -changes O -in O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -solution O -, O -as O -well O -as O -with O -the O -specific O -action O -of O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -withdrawal O -all O -patients O -taking O -clonidine B-Chemical -showed O -a O -considerable O -increase O -in O -heart O -rate O -and O -blood O -pressure O -with O -intense O -ectopic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Methyldopa B-Chemical -and O -, O -especially O -, O -beta O -- O -blocking O -drugs O -are O -less O -likely O -to O -produce O -withdrawal O -reactions O -than O -clonidine B-Chemical -or O -the O -postganglionic O -neurone O -- O -blocking O -drugs O -, O -and O -patients O -taking O -these O -drugs O -are O -therefore O -less O -likely O -to O -suffer O -violent O -reactions O -if O -they O -forget O -to O -take O -their O -tablets O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -in O -chick O -cerebral O -hemisphere O -slices O -: O -effects O -of O -H1 O -and O -H2 O -histaminergic O -agonists O -and O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibodies O -to O -all O -4 O -enzymes O -in O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -were O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -amine B-Chemical -may O -therefore O -be O -released O -as O -a O -transmitter O -substance O -at O -some O -of O -the O -intraglomerular O -dendrodendritic O -synapses O -which O -periglomerular O -cells O -form O -with O -the O -mitral O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -presumably O -DDC O -- O -positive O -, O -but O -TH O -- O -negative O -processes O -may O -represent O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -nerve O -terminals O -. O - -aps B-category -Weakly O -fluorescent O -DDC O -- O -positive O -fibers O -may O -represent O -nerve O -terminals O -of O -ascending O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Stereotaxic O -injection O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -microng O -of O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -a O -rigid O -analogue O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -into O -the O -rat O -striatum O -caused O -a O -70 O -% O -reduction O -in O -the O -striatum O -of O -the O -cholinergic O -parameters O -, O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -synaptosomal O -uptake O -of O -choline B-Chemical -and O -a O -similar O -reduction O -in O -the O -GABAergic O -parameters O -, O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -, O -psi O -- O -aminobutyric O -acid O -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -and O -synaptosomal O -uptake O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -changes O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -neurotransmitter O -synthesizing O -enzymes O -were O -demonstrable O -within O -6h O -after O -injection O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -microng O -of O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -maximal O -effects O -occurred O -at O -48h O -; O -the O -activities O -of O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -and O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -remained O -depressed O -up O -to O -21 O -days O -after O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -effects O -of O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -the O -injection O -of O -copper B-Chemical -sulfate O -, O -a O -non O -- O -specific O -toxin O -, O -caused O -a O -proportionate O -reduction O -in O -the O -dopaminergic O -as O -well O -as O -the O -cholinergic O -and O -GABAergic O -presynaptic O -markers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -morphology O -of O -the O -kainate B-Chemical -injected O -striatum O -was O -markedly O -altered O -with O -nearly O -a O -complete O -loss O -of O -intrinsic O -neurons O -, O -increased O -number O -of O -glial O -cells O -but O -intact O -internal O -capsule O -fibers O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -the O -pentose B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -cycle O -in O -the O -brain O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -dehydrogenase O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Partial O -purification O -and O -some O -properties O -of O -a O -neutral O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -and O -an O -acid O -proteinase O -from O -Entamoeba O -histolytica O -. O - -aps B-category -Structural O -and O -kinetic O -alterations O -in O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -associated O -with O -the O -differentiation O -of O -rat O -intestinal O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -streptovaricin O -on O -the O -incorporation O -of O -uridine B-Chemical -into O -cellular O -and O -viral O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Streptovaricin O -also O -inhibits O -the O -incorporation O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -uridine B-Chemical -into O -cellular O -RNA O -but O -not O -as O -severely O -as O -viral O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -CCl4 B-Chemical -on O -the O -content O -of O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -in O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Relation O -to O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -isoenzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -alpha O -1 O -- O -ALP O -and O -increased O -S O -- O -GT O -appeared O -to O -be O -more O -sensitive O -indicators O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -liver O -involvement O -than O -other O -liver O -tests O -, O -including O -LDH O -- O -5 O -/ O -LDH O -- O -4 O -ratios O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effects O -of O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -and O -related O -neurotransmitter O -substances O -on O -the O -secretion O -of O -growth O -hormone O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Beta O -- O -2 O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -activity O -of O -penbutolol O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -at O -very O -low O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -dose O -- O -response O -relationship O -to O -intravenous O -doses O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -the O -microgram O -range O -was O -obtained O -during O -a O -steady O -state O -of O -infusion O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -bradycardia O -was O -prevented O -by O -electrically O -pacing O -the O -hearts O -or O -the O -administration O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -the O -depressed O -dP O -/ O -dt O -rose O -to O -control O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Erythrocyte O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -( O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -) O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -( O -ATP O -) O -were O -determined O -in O -normal O -individuals O -, O -uraemic O -patients O -on O -chronic O -haemodialysis O -and O -patients O -who O -underwent O -renal O -transplantation O -, O -and O -correlated O -with O -plasma O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -arterial O -blood O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -amounts O -of O -erythrocyte O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -and O -ATP O -in O -the O -early O -post O -- O -transplant O -period O -are O -independent O -of O -the O -circulating O -concentration O -of O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -and O -might O -represent O -the O -response O -of O -erythrocyte O -glycolysis O -to O -changing O -arterial O -blood O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -our O -in O -vivo O -data O -, O -serial O -studies O -over O -5 O -- O -20 O -days O -performed O -upon O -3 O -samples O -of O -stored O -CPD O -bank O -blood O -demonstrated O -the O -expected O -progressive O -decline O -in O -both O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -and O -P50 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -during O -hypothermia O -was O -influenced O -also O -by O -changes O -in O -acid O -base O -and O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -concentrations O -, O -the O -changes O -being O -similar O -in O -both O -the O -ACD O -and O -CPD O -groups O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -" O -functional O -" O -value O -of O -hemoglobin O -, O -based O -upon O -the O -effects O -of O -the O -shift O -of O -the O -oxyhemoglobin O -dissociation O -curve O -and O -, O -therefore O -, O -reflecting O -the O -true O -capacity O -of O -hemoglobin O -to O -unload O -oxygen B-Chemical -at O -the O -tissue O -level O -, O -was O -calculated O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -stibogluconate O -, O -metronidazole B-Chemical -and O -dehydroemetine O -Roche O -were O -tested O -for O -their O -in O -vitro O -action O -on O -the O -mobility O -, O -morphology O -and O -survival O -of O -promastigotes O -of O -Leishmania O -donovani O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -both O -metronidazole B-Chemical -and O -dehydroemetine O -Roche O -at O -low O -concentrations O -were O -highly O -effective O -in O -the O -prevention O -of O -promastigotes O -of O -L O -. O -donovani O -growth O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -of O -the O -five O -men O -had O -a O -history O -of O -chronic O -alcohol B-Chemical -abuse O -and O -symptoms O -of O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -Multi O -- O -clinic O -cross O -- O -over O -comparison O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -( O -Halcion O -) O -and O -placebo O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -co O -- O -existing O -insomnia O -and O -anxiety O -in O -anxious O -out O -- O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -patients O -dropped O -out O -, O -two O -on O -placebo O -( O -one O -for O -side O -effects O -and O -one O -for O -lack O -of O -efficacy O -) O -and O -one O -on O -triazolam B-Chemical -( O -due O -to O -misunderstanding O -instructions O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -antianxiety O -efficacy O -showed O -that O -triazolam B-Chemical -was O -superior O -to O -placebo O -( O -p O -less O -than O -. O -001 O -) O -in O -all O -parameters O -, O -both O -physician O -' O -s O -and O -self O -ratings O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -side O -effects O -or O -abnormal O -laboratory O -values O -of O -significance O -were O -attributable O -to O -triazolam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Phenytoin B-Chemical -, O -in O -particular O -, O -is O -vulnerable O -because O -its O -metabolism O -is O -dose O -- O -related O -and O -at O -therapeutic O -serum O -levels O -the O -enzyme O -system O -involved O -in O -its O -degradation O -is O -easily O -inhibited O -by O -concurrent O -drug O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Feedback O -regulation O -and O -male O -puberty O -: O -testosterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -luteinizing I-Chemical -hormone O -relationships O -in O -the O -developing O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -examine O -the O -direct O -effects O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -on O -renin O -release O -, O -the O -in O -vitro O -rat O -kidney O -slice O -system O -, O -devoid O -of O -hemodynamic O -and O -humoral O -effects O -, O -was O -chosen O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitor O -, O -pheniprazine O -( O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -was O -added O -, O -significant O -, O -dose O -- O -related O -stimulation O -of O -renin O -release O -was O -observed O -with O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -and O -higher O -concentrations O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonist O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -2 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -completely O -inhibited O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -renin O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -, O -this O -direct O -effect O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -on O -renin O -release O -appears O -to O -be O -mediated O -by O -an O -agonistic O -effect O -on O -the O -juxtaglomerular O -beta O -receptor O -rather O -than O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -specific O -dopaminergic O -receptor O -for O -renin O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -suggested O -that O -the O -carbohydrate O -- O -rich O -diet O -of O -chicks O -after O -hatching O -is O -responsible O -for O -the O -emergence O -of O -hepatic O -enzymes O -involved O -in O -lipogenesis O -; O -the O -injection O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -newly O -hatched O -chicks O -gives O -rise O -to O -an O -appreciable O -elvation O -on O -the O -activities O -of O -acetyl O -coenzyme O -A O -carboxylase O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -, O -estradiol B-Chemical -and O -cyclic O -AMP O -, O -was O -also O -without O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -also O -show O -that O -different O -lipogenic O -enzymes O -are O -not O -regulated O -via O -the O -same O -' O -operon O -' O -since O -thyroxine B-Chemical -or O -glucagon O -which O -alter O -the O -level O -of O -some O -enzymes O -on O -this O -pathway O -did O -not O -modify O -that O -of O -the O -acetyl O -coenzyme O -A O -carboxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -the O -coenzymes O -NAD O -, O -NADH O -, O -NADP O -, O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -in O -polymorphonuclear O -leukocytes O -during O -phagocytosis O -of O -Staphylococcus O -albus O -and O -due O -to O -the O -action O -of O -phospholipase O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -numbers O -were O -determined O -from O -equilibrium O -centrifugations O -in O -the O -analytical O -ultracentrifuge O -, O -from O -dodecylsulphate O -gel O -electrophoresis O -and O -from O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -shows O -some O -activity O -towards O -deoxyuridine O -and O -thymidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -exchange O -reaction O -of O -peptides O -R B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -with O -D O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -alanine B-Chemical -to O -R O -- O -D O -- O -alanyl O -- O -D O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -alanine B-Chemical -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -, O -catalysed O -by O -the O -membranes O -of O -Streptococcus O -faecalis O -ATCC O -9790 O -. O - -aps B-category -1H O -and O -31P O -nuclear O -- O -magnetic O -- O -resonance O -studies O -on O -the O -phosphocarrier O -protein O -HPr O -; O -tyrosine B-Chemical -titration O -and O -denaturation O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -LSD O -and O -BOL O -( O -0 O -. O -125 O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -were O -equipotent O -in O -increasing O -the O -in O -vivo O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylation O -in O -the O -striatum O -as O -measured O -by O -the O -accumulation O -of O -DOPA O -after O -inhibition O -of O -neuronal O -decarboxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -LSD O -like O -apomorphine B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -increase O -of O -DOPA O -accumulation O -seen O -after O -reserpine B-Chemical -, O -cerebral O -hemisection O -and O -after O -gamma O -- O -butyrolactone O -( O -GBL O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -LSD O -and O -BOL O -directly O -affect O -nigro O -- O -neostriatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -proposed O -in O -addition O -that O -LSD O -activates O -and O -BOL O -blocks O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -receptors O -that O -control O -DOPA O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -pithed O -rats O -pretreated O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -changes O -occurred O -in O -the O -slopes O -of O -dose O -- O -- O -pressor O -response O -curves O -to O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -phenylephrine B-Chemical -induced O -vasodilatory O -responses O -which O -were O -antagonised O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -enkephalin I-Chemical -on O -prolactin O -release O -and O -catecholamine B-Chemical -levels O -and O -turnover O -in O -the O -median O -eminence O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -identification O -as O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -formation O -by O -ruminal O -fluid O -from O -cattle O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -activity O -in O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -and O -Wistar O -- O -Kyoto O -rats O -had O -a O -positive O -correlation O -with O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activities O -in O -mesenteric O -vessels O -, O -vas O -deferens O -, O -and O -adrenal O -glands O -at O -14 O -- O -16 O -weeks O -of O -age O -, O -a O -negative O -correlation O -with O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -activity O -in O -locus O -coeruleus O -at O -3 O -weeks O -and O -14 O -- O -16 O -weeks O -of O -age O -, O -and O -a O -positive O -correlation O -with O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -only O -at O -3 O -weeks O -of O -age O -, O -but O -not O -at O -14 O -- O -16 O -weeks O -of O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolic O -pathway O -of O -Pinazepam O -and O -Diazepam B-Chemical -in O -vitro O -was O -studied O -with O -rat O -, O -guinea O -pig O -and O -dog O -liver O -microsomes O -using O -a O -chromatographic O -and O -spectrophotometric O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -oxazepam B-Chemical -was O -found O -when O -Pinazepam O -and O -Diazepam B-Chemical -were O -incubated O -with O -liver O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lanthanide O -- O -sensitive O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -porter O -of O -rat O -liver O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -available O -evidence O -, O -however O -, O -does O -not O -prove O -this O -hypothesis O -but O -does O -confer O -on O -histamine B-Chemical -a O -role O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -acid O -secretion O -in O -normal O -physiology O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -wrought O -gold B-Chemical -clasps O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypnotic O -effects O -of O -a O -new O -triazolobenzodiazepine O -, O -triazolam B-Chemical -( O -Halcion O -) O -0 O -- O -5 O -mg O -and O -methyprylon O -300 O -mg O -was O -compared O -in O -twenty O -oncologic O -in O -- O -patient O -volunteers O -with O -insomnia O -using O -the O -preference O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -the O -various O -sleep O -parameters O -showed O -that O -triazolam B-Chemical -helped O -the O -patients O -sleep O -more O -than O -methyprylon O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -- O -13 O -) O -, O -induced O -more O -rapid O -sleep O -onset O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -- O -003 O -) O -, O -gave O -a O -longer O -duration O -of O -sleep O -( O -p O -= O -0 O -- O -013 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Intermediate O -use O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -: O -a O -sleep O -laboratory O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -showed O -that O -triazolam B-Chemical -is O -effective O -in O -inducing O -and O -maintaining O -sleep O -without O -producing O -any O -major O -effects O -on O -sleep O -staging O -. O - -aps B-category -Psychometric O -assessment O -of O -the O -therapeutic O -efficiency O -of O -antidepressant B-Chemical -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -paper O -makes O -comparisons O -of O -some O -of O -the O -pharmacological O -properties O -of O -the O -opiate O -analgesics O -and O -the O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -in O -order O -to O -justify O -the O -clinical O -examination O -of O -the O -tricyclics O -as O -potential O -analgesic O -or O -proanalgesic O -agents O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -role O -of O -various O -psychotropic O -drugs O -in O -the O -management O -of O -rheumatic O -diseases O -is O -considered O -- O -- O -tranquillizers O -, O -sedatives O -, O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -and O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparative O -study O -of O -antidepressants B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -depressive O -states O -. O - -aps B-category -Preference O -studies O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -with O -standard O -hypnotics O -in O -out O -- O -patients O -with O -insomnia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -three O -separate O -studies O -, O -triazolam B-Chemical -0 O -- O -5 O -mg O -was O -compared O -to O -placebo O -, O -flurazepam B-Chemical -30 O -mg O -and O -chloral O -hydrate O -500 O -mg O -. O -Triazolam B-Chemical -0 O -- O -5 O -mg O -was O -found O -to O -be O -preferred O -and O -to O -be O -superior O -to O -placebo O -, O -flurazepam B-Chemical -and O -chloral O -hydrate O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -insomnia O -. O - -aps B-category -Additionally O -, O -triazolam B-Chemical -was O -superior O -to O -chloral O -hydrate O -on O -the O -feeling O -in O -the O -morning O -parameter O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -all O -efficacy O -endpoints O -, O -trends O -for O -all O -parameters O -favoured O -triazolam B-Chemical -0 O -- O -25 O -mg O -over O -flurazepam B-Chemical -15 O -mg O -. O -Untoward O -side O -- O -effects O -in O -these O -four O -studies O -were O -minimal O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -400 O -mg O -, O -with O -an O -ordinary O -solid O -meal O -decreased O -the O -4 O -- O -hr O -delivery O -of O -titratable O -acid O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -into O -the O -duodenum O -by O -63 O -and O -86 O -% O -, O -respectively O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -versus O -control O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -, O -aspirin B-Chemical -esterase O -, O -which O -converts O -acetylsalicyclic O -acid O -to O -the O -less O -toxic O -salicyclic O -acid O -, O -was O -found O -to O -be O -present O -in O -gastric O -mucosal O -specimens O -obtained O -from O -surgically O -resected O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -with O -gastric O -ulcer O -, O -those O -with O -a O -previous O -history O -of O -regular O -aspirin B-Chemical -consumption O -did O -not O -show O -significantly O -different O -levels O -from O -those O -without O -such O -a O -history O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Histamine B-Chemical -2 O -receptor O -antagonists O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -gastric O -ulcer O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Ditazole O -( O -4 O -, O -5 O -- O -diphenyl O -- O -2 O -- O -bis O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -hydroxyethyl O -) O -- O -aminoxazol O -) O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -a O -strong O -in O -vitro O -inhibitor O -of O -human O -platelet O -aggregation O -brought O -about O -by O -release O -reaction O -inducers O -; O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -it O -did O -not O -significantly O -affect O -primary O -ADP O -- O -induced O -aggregation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -ditazole O -was O -not O -potentiated O -by O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -pharmacokinetic O -studies O -on O -beclomethasone B-Chemical -dipropionate I-Chemical -in O -rats O -, O -it O -was O -suggested O -that O -most O -of O -the O -beclomethasone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17 I-Chemical -, O -21dipropionate O -is O -transformed O -rapidly O -into O -beclomethasone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -monopropionate I-Chemical -or O -beclomethasone B-Chemical -in O -the O -blood O -or O -tissues O -and O -exerts O -the O -glucocorticoid O -effect O -in O -the O -form O -of O -beclomethasone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Beclomethasone O -and O -its O -propionate O -derivatives O -were O -shown O -to O -have O -higher O -binding O -affinity O -to O -glucocorticoid O -receptors O -in O -rat O -liver O -, O -thymus O -and O -hypophysis O -than O -that O -of O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amounts O -of O -receptor B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beclomethasone I-Chemical -( O -or O -its O -propionate O -derivatives O -) O -complexes O -which O -bound O -specifically O -to O -liver O -nuclei O -were O -only O -10 O -% O -or O -less O -than O -those O -of O -receptordexamethasone O -complexes O -and O -the O -in O -vivo O -metabolism O -of O -beclomethasone B-Chemical -and O -beclomethasone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dipropionate I-Chemical -was O -more O -rapid O -than O -that O -of O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -To O -evaluate O -the O -clinical O -effects O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -on O -neurosis O -, O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -controlled O -trial O -by O -group O -comparison O -procedure O -was O -carried O -out O -using O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -placebo O -as O -control O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Adult O -male O -rats O -, O -prenatally O -treated O -with O -busulfan B-Chemical -, O -show O -only O -Sertoli O -cells O -in O -the O -semiferous O -tubules O -. O - -aps B-category -Suppression O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -secretion O -by O -synthetic O -MSH O -- O -release O -inhibiting O -factor O -Pro O -- O -Leu O -- O -Gly O -- O -NH2 O -in O -Addison O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -Pro O -- O -Leu O -- O -Gly O -- O -NH2 O -, O -the O -most O -active O -MSH O -- O -release O -inhibiting O -factor O -( O -MIF O -) O -, O -was O -investigated O -on O -ACTH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hypersecretion I-Chemical -in O -six O -patients O -suffering O -from O -primary O -adrenocortical O -insufficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -four O -cases O -there O -was O -a O -remarkable O -decrease O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -in O -the O -ACTH B-Chemical -plasma O -level O -of O -more O -than O -50 O -% O -as O -compared O -to O -the O -elevated O -starting O -levels O -of O -800 O -to O -1400 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Cushing O -' O -s O -syndrome O -and O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -albumin I-Chemical -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -work O -, O -therefore O -, O -represents O -the O -first O -isolation O -of O -plasma O -membranes O -from O -infected O -actron O -microscopy O -and O -by O -the O -use O -of O -enzyme O -markers O -for O -microsomes O -( O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphatase I-Chemical -) O -, O -mitochondria O -( O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -) O -, O -and O -lysosomes O -( O -acid O -phosphatase O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -change O -in O -the O -mitochondrial O -enzyme O -markers O -was O -observed O -after O -infection O -, O -but O -the O -specific O -activity O -of O -microsomal O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphatase I-Chemical -decreased O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -variant O -( O -GDTrinacria O -) O -in O -two O -unrelated O -families O -of O -Sicilian O -ancestry O -. O - -aps B-category -Loss O -of O -histochemically O -demonstrable O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -the O -glomus O -cells O -of O -the O -carotid O -body O -after O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -para I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -decrease O -in O -the O -intensity O -was O -observed O -4 O -to O -6 O -hr O -after O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltyrosine I-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increasing O -abuse O -of O -phencyclidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Carotid O -infusions O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -cyanide O -solution O -and O -perfusions O -of O -hypoxemic O -or O -hypercapnic O -fetal O -blood O -were O -done O -before O -and O -after O -peripheral O -chemoreceptor O -denervation O -. O - -aps B-category -H O -+ O -transport O -from O -the O -CNS O -was O -therefore O -studied O -in O -four O -groups O -of O -dogs O -breathing O -5 O -% O -CO2 O -at O -constant O -VA O -for O -4 O -h O -with O -repeated O -injections O -of O -saline O -, O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -5 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -, O -ouabain B-Chemical -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -, O -and O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -and O -ouabain B-Chemical -together O -into O -lateral O -cerebral O -ventricles O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -samples O -from O -the O -lesser O -mouse O -deer O -were O -examined O -for O -hematology O -, O -viscosity O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -dissociation O -curve O -, O -and O -magnitude O -of O -the O -Bohr O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Bacteria O -transduce O -and O -conserve O -energy O -at O -the O -plasma O -membrane O -in O -the O -form O -of O -an O -electrochemical O -gradient O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -( O -deltap O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -KCl O -addition O -to O -cells O -fermenting O -glucose B-Chemical -or O -arginine O -at O -pH O -5 O -changed O -the O -deltap O -very O -little O -, O -but O -lowered O -the O -deltapsi O -, O -while O -increasing O -the O -deltapH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purification O -of O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -cis O -- O -1 O -( O -S O -) O -, O -2 O -( O -R O -) O -- O -dihydroxy O -- O -3 O -- O -methylcyclohexa O -- O -3 O -, O -5 O -- O -diene O -dehydrogenase O -from O -cells O -of O -Pseudomonas O -putida O -grown O -with O -toluene O -as O -the O -sole O -source O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -energy O -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -neutral O -protease O -activity O -copurified O -with O -esterase O -activity O -during O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -fractionation O -, O -chromatography O -on O -diethylaminoethyl O -- O -cellulose O -, O -and O -gel O -filtration O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -150 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -hydrolyzed O -casein O -( O -K O -( O -m O -) O -= O -25 O -. O -6 O -muM O -) O -and O -hemoglobin O -as O -well O -as O -the O -nitrophenyl O -esters O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -( O -K O -( O -m O -) O -= O -2 O -. O -4 O -mM O -) O -, O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -, O -and O -phenylalanine O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -enzyme O -synthesis O -by O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -of O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -: O -a O -factor O -in O -addition O -to O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -is O -required O -for O -activation O -of O -enzyme O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -proline O -oxidase O -is O -also O -not O -increased O -in O -nitrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -cultures O -of O -S O -. O -typhimurium O -. O - -aps B-category -Apparently O -, O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -is O -necessary O -but O -not O -sufficient O -for O -activation O -of O -transcription O -of O -the O -hut O -genes O -; O -another O -factor O -must O -also O -be O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -Amino O -acid O -sequence O -of O -a O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -fragment O -containing O -the O -two O -tryptophanyl O -residues O -of O -lobster O -arginine O -kinase O -( O -Homarus O -vulgaris O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -complete O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -of O -the O -CNBr O -polypeptide O -( O -CB5 O -) O -which O -contains O -the O -two O -tryptophanyl O -residues O -of O -the O -whole O -protein O -was O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -showed O -a O -single O -band O -on O -polyacrylamide O -disc O -electrophoresis O -and O -consisted O -of O -a O -single O -polypeptide O -chain O -, O -as O -judged O -by O -disc O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -G O -- O -200 O -flow O -- O -through O -fraction O -of O -the O -extract O -of O -sea O -urchin O -eggs O -contained O -a O -complex O -form O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -( O -GR O -) O -[ O -EC O -1 O -. O -6 O -. O -4 O -. O -2 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -GR O -activity O -of O -the O -complex O -form O -was O -not O -inhibited O -at O -all O -by O -0 O -. O -2 O -mM O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -( O -NEM O -) O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -GSSG B-Chemical -, O -but O -was O -reduced O -to O -3 O -% O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -enzyme O -designated O -as O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydropteridine I-Chemical -reductase O -was O -found O -in O -the O -extract O -of O -bovine O -liver O -and O -partially O -purified O -. O - -aps B-category -Tyrosine O -formation O -in O -the O -phenylalanine O -hydroxylation O -system O -was O -also O -stimulated O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydropteridine I-Chemical -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -the O -pattern O -of O -glycolytic O -intermediates O -in O -red O -cells O -suspended O -in O -a O -sucrose B-Chemical -medium O -resembled O -that O -in O -cells O -suspended O -in O -Ringer O -' O -s O -solution O -of O -about O -one O -unit O -higher O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -stimulation O -of O -glycolysis O -was O -observed O -when O -sodium B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -was O -added O -to O -red O -cells O -suspended O -in O -Ringer O -' O -s O -solution O -at O -constant O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -previously O -reported O -when O -a O -specific O -thiol B-Chemical -group O -, O -S2 O -, O -of O -myosin O -reacts O -with O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -( O -NEM O -) O -, O -its O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -ATPase O -activity O -is O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -had O -very O -high O -homology O -with O -those O -around O -the O -EPNP O -- O -reactive O -aspartyl O -residues O -in O -rennin O -( O -chymosin O -) O -[ O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -23 O -. O -4 O -] O -and O -pepsin O -[ O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -23 O -. O -1 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hemoglobin O -oxidation O -Bohr O -effect O -is O -larger O -than O -the O -ligation O -Bohr O -effect O -, O -even O -when O -the O -former O -is O -corrected O -for O -any O -ionization O -of O -the O -water O -molecule O -bound O -to O -the O -ferric O -iron B-Chemical -of O -methemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Assignment O -of O -the O -separate O -peaks O -in O -the O -spectrum O -of O -the O -Con O -A O -- O -Co2 O -+ O -- O -Ca2 O -+ O -complex O -and O -of O -the O -Con O -A O -- O -Zn2 O -+ O -- O -Ca2 O -+ O -complex O -, O -to O -particular O -histidines O -in O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -of O -Con O -A O -then O -follows O -. O - -aps B-category -Bovine O -adrenal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -: O -purification O -and O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -and O -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -studies O -have O -established O -that O -the O -subunit O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -chymotrypsin O -- O -solubilized O -enzyme O -is O -34 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Crude O -particulate O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -can O -be O -activated O -by O -the O -phospholipid O -, O -phosphatidyl O -- O -L O -- O -serine O -, O -or O -by O -exposure O -to O -enzymatic O -phosphorylating O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -that O -has O -been O -solubilized O -by O -chymotrypsin O -cannot O -be O -activated O -by O -either O -of O -these O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -isolated O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -5 O -- O -methyl O -ester O -from O -an O -Escherichia O -coli O -protein O -that O -is O -involved O -in O -chemotaxis O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -the O -products O -was O -[ O -methyl O -- O -3H O -] O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -5 O -- O -methyl O -ester O -, O -identified O -by O -comparison O -with O -an O -authentic O -sample O -in O -the O -following O -studies O -: O -( O -a O -) O -chromatography O -on O -an O -automatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analyzer O -, O -( O -b O -) O -chromatography O -on O -paper O -in O -two O -solvent O -systems O -, O -( O -c O -) O -chromatography O -on O -paper O -of O -the O -N O -- O -acetyl O -derivatives O -, O -and O -( O -d O -) O -stability O -of O -the O -ester O -bond O -to O -various O -pH O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -steroids B-Chemical -, O -specifically O -of O -the O -glucocorticoid O -series O -, O -in O -the O -serum O -- O -less O -growth O -medium O -elicited O -an O -additional O -100 O -to O -345 O -% O -increase O -over O -the O -serum O -- O -less O -control O -, O -whereas O -the O -addition O -of O -N6 O -, O -O2 O -' O -- O -dibutyryl O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -to O -the O -medium O -or O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -to O -the O -assay O -mixture O -was O -without O -any O -stimulatory O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -HMG O -- O -CoA O -reductase O -activities O -from O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -and O -control O -cultures O -had O -identical O -assay O -characteristics O -( O -pH O -optima O -and O -apparent O -Km O -values O -for O -both O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -HMG O -- O -CoA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -optimum O -pH O -is O -7 O -. O -5 O -to O -8 O -. O -0 O -, O -and O -its O -optimum O -temperature O -40degrees O -although O -, O -at O -this O -temperature O -, O -it O -is O -rapidly O -denatured O -; O -even O -low O -NaCl B-Chemical -concentrations O -inhibit O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Cytosol O -from O -the O -rat O -preputial O -gland O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -contain O -a O -protein O -which O -binds O -both O -estrone O -and O -estradiol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -association O -constant O -for O -estrone O -as O -determined O -by O -equilibrium O -dialysis O -was O -1 O -. O -2 O -X O -10 O -( O -7 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -, O -while O -that O -for O -17beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -was O -3 O -. O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -preparations O -consisted O -mainly O -of O -chitin O -synthetase O -particles O -( O -chitosomes O -) O -with O -an O -average O -size O -larger O -than O -7 O -X O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -daltons O -( O -by O -gel O -filtration O -) O -and O -an O -average O -sedimentation O -coefficient O -of O -105 O -S O -. O -The O -samples O -also O -contained O -other O -enzyme O -complexes O -( O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -and O -, O -depending O -on O -method O -, O -ribosomes O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -6 O -. O -0 O -, O -is O -highly O -specific O -for O -ATP O -( O -hydrolyzing O -other O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphates O -less O -than O -6 O -% O -as O -rapidly O -) O -, O -requires O -Mg2 O -+ O -at O -concentrations O -approximately O -equimolar O -to O -the O -concentration O -of O -ATP O -, O -is O -weakly O -stimulated O -by O -certain O -monovalent O -cations O -( O -K O -+ O -and O -NH4 O -+ O -) O -and O -anions O -( O -SCN O -- O -and O -acetate O -) O -, O -is O -inhibited O -by O -N O -, O -N O -' O -- O -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide O -, O -but O -is O -not O -affected O -by O -oligomycin O -or O -ouabain B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -macromolecular O -binder O -of O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -derivatives O -has O -been O -identified O -in O -the O -particulate O -fraction O -of O -homogenates O -of O -rabbit O -choroid O -plexus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -folate B-Chemical -binder O -complex O -, O -separated O -from O -the O -particulate O -fraction O -after O -solubilization O -with O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -, O -was O -340 O -, O -000 O -to O -400 O -, O -000 O -by O -Sephadex O -gel O -filtration O -. O - -aps B-category -Folic O -acid O -, O -homofolic O -acid O -, O -5 O -- O -methyltetrahydrofolic O -acid O -, O -and O -to O -a O -lesser O -degree O -, O -methotrexate B-Chemical -, O -inhibited O -the O -binding O -of O -both O -[ O -3H O -] O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -[ O -14C O -] O -methyltetrahydrofolic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -high O -affinity O -binder O -of O -folates O -may O -be O -responsible O -, O -in O -part O -, O -for O -the O -rapid O -, O -saturable O -uptake O -of O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -methyltetrahydrofolic O -acid O -by O -rabbit O -choroid O -plexus O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Thermus O -aquaticus O -, O -and O -has O -been O -purified O -to O -homogeneity O -as O -judged O -by O -disc O -acrylamide O -electrophoresis O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Nucleotides O -such O -as O -AMP O -, O -ADP O -, O -and O -ATP O -also O -inhibited O -both O -esterase O -activities O -as O -did O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -glycerol O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -mechanism O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -reductive O -amination O -of O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -catalyzed O -by O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -. O - -aps B-category -Rabbits O -were O -immunized O -by O -the O -intravenous O -and O -intramuscular O -routes O -with O -catalase O -modified O -by O -covalent O -attachment O -of O -PEG O -- O -1900 O -to O -43 O -% O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -( O -PEG O -- O -1900 O -- O -catalase O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Those O -( O -N O -- O -29 O -) O -examined O -by O -labeling O -with O -[ O -14C O -] O -diisopropyl O -phosphorofluoridate O -( O -iPr2P O -- O -F O -) O -and O -electrophoresing O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -( O -SDS O -) O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gels O -were O -found O -to O -contain O -only O -( O -N O -= O -4 O -) O -or O -predominantly O -alpha O -- O -thrombin O -( O -97 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -% O -) O -and O -corresponding O -amounts O -of O -ists O -degradation O -product O -, O -beta O -- O -thrombin O -( O -2 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -lysolecithin O -and O -hexadecyltrimethylammonium O -bromide B-Chemical -on O -the O -structure O -and O -stability O -of O -apoA O -- O -II O -from O -human O -high O -density O -lipoprotein O -have O -been O -evalued O -by O -circular O -dichroism O -and O -fluorescence O -measurements O -. O - -aps B-category -Acidic O -dissociation O -constants O -of O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -dihydrofolic O -acid O -, O -and O -methotrexate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -For O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -the O -dissociation O -constants O -are O -as O -follows O -: O -N O -( O -1 O -) O -, O -pK O -' O -2 O -. O -35 O -; O -N O -( O -10 O -) O -, O -pK O -' O -0 O -. O -20 O -; O -N O -( O -5 O -) O -, O -pK O -' O -greater O -than O -- O -1 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pK O -' O -values O -were O -determined O -directly O -for O -the O -four O -compounds O -at O -25 O -degrees O -near O -0 O -. O -1 O -ionic O -strength O -, O -or O -in O -0 O -. O -1 O -to O -4 O -M O -HCl O -for O -pK O -ln O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -the O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -independent I-Chemical -protein O -kinase O -catalyzes O -the O -phosphorylation O -of O -two O -different O -factors O -involved O -in O -the O -initiation O -of O -hemoglobin O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Identification O -of O -essential O -arginine O -residues O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Leuconostoc O -mesenteroides O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -folate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -protein O -has O -been O -solubilized O -from O -Lactobacillus O -casei O -by O -treatment O -of O -membrane O -preparations O -with O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -folate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -subjected O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -/ O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -the O -purified O -preparations O -showed O -only O -a O -single O -, O -protein O -- O -staining O -band O -whose O -molecular O -weight O -was O -25 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Analyses O -of O -the O -protein O -revealed O -relatively O -few O -charged O -or O -polar O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -an O -unusually O -high O -content O -of O -hydrophobic O -residues O -and O -methionine B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -absence O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Bound O -folate B-Chemical -was O -retained O -when O -the O -micelle O -was O -exposed O -at O -4 O -degrees O -to O -solutions O -whose O -pH O -values O -ranged O -between O -3 O -and O -12 O -; O -at O -23 O -degrees O -, O -however O -, O -stability O -was O -decreased O -, O -especially O -above O -pH O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductase O -from O -human O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -, O -prefers O -aromatic O -to O -aliphatic O -aldehydes O -as O -substrates O -, O -and O -is O -inhibited O -by O -barbiturates O -and O -hydantoins O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -molecule O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -binds O -to O -the O -enzyme O -causing O -a O -red O -shift O -of O -the O -coenzyme O -absorption O -maximum O -from O -340 O -to O -352 O -nm O -. O - -aps B-category -Combination O -of O -the O -most O -reactive O -thiol B-Chemical -group O -with O -p O -- O -mercuribenzoate O -does O -not O -cause O -loss O -of O -catalytic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -or O -NADP O -+ O -prevents O -loss O -of O -activity O -by O -thiol B-Chemical -modification O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -transferase O -has O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -7 O -. O -75 O -and O -requires O -200 O -mM O -NaCl B-Chemical -for O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rabbit O -heart O -homogenates O -about O -50 O -% O -of O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -protein O -kinase O -activity O -was O -associated O -with O -the O -low O -speed O -particulate O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -Omitting O -NaCl B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -amount O -of O -particulate O -- O -bound O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -in O -the O -particulate O -fraction O -( O -0 O -. O -16 O -nmol O -/ O -g O -of O -tissue O -) O -was O -approximately O -one O -- O -half O -the O -amount O -of O -the O -regulatory O -subunit O -monomer O -( O -0 O -. O -31 O -nmol O -/ O -g O -of O -tissue O -) O -in O -this O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cAMP B-Chemical -level O -was O -increased O -more O -in O -the O -supernatant O -fraction O -, O -possibly O -because O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -level O -became O -saturating O -for O -the O -regulatory O -subunit O -in O -the O -particulate O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -catalytic O -subunit O -translocation O -could O -be O -mimicked O -by O -addition O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -to O -homogenates O -before O -centrifugation O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -glucocorticoid O -hormones O -and O -cyclic O -nucleotides O -in O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -cultured O -hepatoma O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentrations O -of O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -that O -do O -not O -induce O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -fail O -to O -support O -Bt2cAMP O -induction O -, O -removal O -of O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -from O -the O -medium O -leads O -to O -a O -loss O -of O -the O -Bt2cAMP O -effect O -, O -and O -an O -HTC O -cell O -line O -whose O -aminotransferase O -is O -not O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inducible I-Chemical -does O -not O -respond O -to O -the O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -has O -no O -effect O -on O -aminotransferase O -synthesis O -in O -cells O -grown O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -help O -define O -a O -system O -that O -should O -be O -useful O -in O -studying O -the O -interaction O -of O -cyclic O -nucleotides O -and O -steroid B-Chemical -hormones O -. O - -aps B-category -Methods O -for O -measurements O -of O -catabolic O -reduction O -charge O -( O -defined O -as O -NADH O -/ O -( O -NADH O -+ O -NAD O -+ O -) O -) O -and O -anabolic O -reduction O -charge O -( O -defined O -as O -NADPH B-Chemical -/ O -( O -NADPH B-Chemical -+ O -NADP O -+ O -) O -) O -are O -described O -using O -[ O -14C O -] O -nicotinamide O -labeling O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -Manganese O -- O -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -activities O -of O -soluble O -and O -particulate O -guanylate O -cyclase O -from O -sheep O -kidney O -outer O -medulla O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -a O -protein O -required O -for O -sodium B-Chemical -azide O -activation O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -Incorporation O -of O -BrdU O -was O -found O -to O -inhibit O -the O -induction O -of O -both O -TAT O -and O -PEP O -carboxykinase O -by O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -and O -to O -enhance O -the O -inhibition O -of O -cell O -growth O -by O -this O -steroid B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -the O -renal O -proximal O -tubular O -enzyme O -, O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -( O -gamma O -- O -GT O -) O -, O -has O -been O -studied O -in O -41 O -patients O -receiving O -tobramycin B-Chemical -, O -gentamicin B-Chemical -or O -streptomycin B-Chemical -for O -a O -variety O -of O -infections O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -46 O -% O -of O -those O -receiving O -streptomycin B-Chemical -have O -shown O -an O -increase O -in O -gamma O -- O -GT O -excretion O -and O -this O -is O -of O -a O -lesser O -degree O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degree O -of O -elevation O -of O -urinary O -gamma O -- O -GT O -activity O -was O -greater O -when O -the O -initial O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -was O -lower O -, O -and O -it O -is O -therefore O -suggested O -that O -those O -patients O -with O -pre O -- O -existing O -renal O -dysfunction O -should O -be O -monitored O -particularly O -carefully O -for O -signs O -of O -nephrotoxicity O -from O -these O -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -studies O -on O -the O -mechanism O -of O -human O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -asthma O -: O -the O -effect O -of O -an O -aerosolized O -H1 O -receptor O -antagonist O -( O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -challenges O -were O -performed O -on O -a O -heterogeneous O -group O -of O -adult O -asthmatic O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -pretreatment O -with O -an O -aerosolized O -H1 O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -, O -was O -then O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -beta O -adrenergic O -agonist O -, O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -, O -and O -cortisol B-Chemical -on O -lymphocyte O -levels O -of O -cyclic B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -and O -glycogen O -: O -abnormal O -lymphocytic O -metabolism O -in O -asthma O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -investigated O -adrenergic O -stimulation O -of O -glycogenolysis O -and O -responses O -to O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -( O -PGE1 B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -PGE O -produced O -less O -of O -a O -rise O -in O -cAMP B-Chemical -in O -asthmatics O -than O -in O -normals O -, O -but O -the O -difference O -was O -not O -significant O -( O -p O -greater O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -and O -glycogenolysis O -was O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -as O -well O -as O -the O -pH O -and O -pCO O -and O -the O -maternal O -lactate B-Chemical -levels O -were O -not O -changed O -and O -that O -therefore O -changes O -that O -can O -be O -found O -in O -the O -fetus O -are O -due O -solely O -to O -its O -own O -hypoxia O -and O -not O -due O -to O -transmission O -from O -the O -mother O -. O - -aps B-category -Protein O -binding O -to O -monosodium O -urate B-Chemical -monohydrate O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -pyrophosphate O -dihydrate O -, O -and O -silicon O -dioxide O -crystals O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunoglobulin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -( O -IgG O -) O -was O -adsorbed O -preferentially O -by O -MSU O -crystals O -from O -normal O -human O -serum O -and O -demonstrated O -high O -- O -affinity O -binding O -isotherms O -when O -compared O -with O -several O -isolated O -proteins O -in O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incorporation O -of O -[ O -U O -- O -( O -14 O -) O -C O -] O -glucose B-Chemical -into O -phosphatidylcholine O -and O -phosphatidylglycerol O -of O -the O -surfactant O -fraction O -and O -of O -the O -remaining O -lung O -tissue O -( O -residual O -fraction O -) O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Likewise O -, O -incorporation O -of O -[ O -U O -- O -( O -14 O -) O -C O -] O -glucose B-Chemical -into O -phosphatidylglycerol O -was O -increased O -22 O -and O -34 O -% O -into O -the O -surfactant O -and O -residual O -fractions O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -the O -incorporation O -of O -[ O -U O -- O -( O -14 O -) O -C O -] O -glucose B-Chemical -into O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -moieties O -of O -phosphatidylcholine O -was O -confirmed O -by O -an O -average O -increase O -of O -56 O -and O -77 O -% O -in O -the O -specific O -activity O -of O -palmitic O -acid O -isolated O -from O -phosphatidylcholine O -of O -the O -surfactant O -and O -residual O -fraction O -, O -respectively O -, O -as O -a O -result O -of O -increased O -CO O -( O -2 O -) O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Lipoprotein O -lipase O -was O -assayed O -in O -extracts O -of O -acetone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ether I-Chemical -powders O -of O -rat O -skeletal O -muscles O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -minutes O -after O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -labeled O -lymph O -chylomicrons O -, O -skeletal O -muscles O -with O -predominantly O -red O -fibers O -incorporated O -several O -times O -more O -chylomicron O -triglyceride B-Chemical -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -than O -thos O -with O -predominantly O -white O -fibers O -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -induced O -typical O -male O -3alpha O -- O -HSDH O -activity O -in O -both O -gonadectomized O -and O -hypophysectomized O -rats O -of O -either O -sex O -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneous O -administration O -of O -cyproterone B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -did O -not O -block O -the O -inductive O -action O -of O -5alpha O -- O -DHT O -. O - -aps B-category -Exchange O -diffusion O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -induced O -in O -planar O -lipid O -bilayer O -membranes O -by O -the O -ionophore O -X537A O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -transport O -increases O -linearly O -with O -the O -ionophore O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -total O -dopamine B-Chemical -flux O -as O -determined O -in O -tracer O -experiments O -is O -not O -affected O -by O -an O -electric O -field O -and O -is O -over O -10 O -( O -5 O -) O -times O -larger O -than O -predicted O -from O -the O -estimated O -dopamine B-Chemical -conductance O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -saturation O -is O -relieved O -by O -trans O -addition O -of O -nonradioactive O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -tyramine O -, O -H O -( O -+ O -) O -, O -or O -K O -( O -+ O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -H O -( O -+ O -) O -cis O -and O -trans O -decreases O -dopamine B-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -X537A O -induces O -a O -Ca O -( O -+ O -+ O -) O -- O -independent O -release O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -from O -sympathetic O -nerves O -by O -interfering O -with O -intracellular O -storage O -within O -storage O -vesicles O -( O -R O -. O -W O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -albumin O -binding O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -competition O -on O -tryptophan B-Chemical -uptake O -into O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Synaptosomal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylation O -: O -affinity O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -drugs O -on O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -in O -rabbit O -vagus O -nerve O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -effects O -of O -glucagon O -on O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -fasted O -and O -refed O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -glucagon O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -or O -acetyl O -CoA O -carboxylase O -activity O -in O -adipose O -tissue O -of O -any O -of O -the O -three O -experimental O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -glucagon O -reduced O -in O -vivo O -incorporation O -of O -acetate O -into O -hepatic O -cholesterol B-Chemical -by O -about O -33 O -% O -and O -into O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -of O -the O -liver O -, O -and O -heart O -and O -the O -kidney O -by O -33 O -% O -, O -77 O -% O -and O -30 O -% O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -strongly O -stimulated O -the O -motor O -activity O -of O -larval O -Spirometra O -mansonoides O -. O - -aps B-category -Part O -11 O -: O -Characterization O -of O -the O -dissolution O -profile O -of O -quinidine B-Chemical -sustained O -- O -release O -dosage O -forms O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rats O -anesthetized O -with O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -, O -phenytoin B-Chemical -( O -DPH O -) O -and O -medazepam O -( O -MDZ O -) O -were O -administered O -iontophoretically O -to O -pyramidal O -and O -granule O -cells O -discharging O -spontaneously O -or O -being O -driven O -by O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -or O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Phenytoin B-Chemical -and O -MDZ O -differed O -with O -regard O -to O -the O -incidence O -of O -depression O -of O -spontaneous O -discharges O -, O -inhibition O -of O -slow O -firing O -cells O -, O -the O -proportion O -of O -granule O -cells O -depressed O -, O -and O -the O -duration O -of O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -capacity O -to O -activate O -this O -alpha O -receptor O -by O -the O -methyldopa B-Chemical -metabolites O -methyldopamine O -and O -methylnorepinephrine O -was O -compared O -with O -the O -capacity O -of O -the O -naturally O -occurring O -dopa O -metabolites O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -inhibitory O -effects O -on O -melanocyte O -stimulating O -hormone O -could O -be O -blocked O -or O -partially O -impaired O -using O -the O -alpha O -adrenergic O -blocker O -, O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -neuroendocrine O -model O -has O -alpha O -adrenergic O -receptor O -relationships O -analogous O -to O -those O -described O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -for O -methyldopa B-Chemical -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha O -blocking O -action O -of O -the O -antihypertensive O -agent O -, O -prazosin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypotensive O -activity O -of O -diazoxide O -was O -unimpaired O -after O -ganglion O -blockade O -with O -pentolinium O -or O -alpha O -adrenoreceptor O -blockade O -with O -phentolamine B-Chemical -; O -diazoxide O -also O -significantly O -attenuated O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -pressor O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -prazosin B-Chemical -was O -shown O -to O -possess O -potent O -alpha O -adrenoreceptor O -blocking O -properties O -, O -significantly O -attenuating O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -pressor O -responses O -and O -causing O -reversal O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -pressor O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -in O -an O -inflammatory O -exudate O -: O -effects O -of O -nonsteroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -PGE2 B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -quantitated O -by O -radioimmunoassay O -, O -was O -42 O -. O -5 O -and O -92 O -. O -9 O -ng O -/ O -g O -of O -abscess O -in O -two O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -significantly O -reduced O -PGE2 B-Chemical -levels O -in O -the O -abscess O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -was O -directly O -correlated O -with O -reductions O -of O -PGE2 B-Chemical -content O -in O -the O -abscess O -. O - -aps B-category -was O -not O -related O -to O -changes O -in O -PGE2 B-Chemical -levels O -at O -the O -inflammatory O -site O -, O -which O -suggests O -that O -the O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -mechanism O -of O -SC O -- O -19220 O -is O -not O -mediated O -via O -inhibition O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -tentative O -partitioning O -of O -Mg O -among O -various O -intracellular O -constitutents O -based O -on O -present O -data O -combined O -with O -published O -work O -by O -others O -is O -( O -m O -- O -mole O -/ O -kg O -wet O -wt O -) O -: O -free O -, O -4 O -- O -2 O -; O -MgATP O -, O -4 O -- O -2 O -; O -myofibrillar O -bound O -, O -1 O -; O -residual O -( O -presumably O -bound O -to O -arginine O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -) O -ca O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -permeabilities O -to O -urea B-Chemical -, O -thiourea O -and O -to O -N O -- O -methylurea O -( O -about O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -cm O -/ O -sec O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -) O -were O -independent O -of O -concentration O -within O -a O -very O -broad O -range O -, O -and O -we O -found O -no O -evidence O -of O -interaction O -between O -transport O -of O -analogue O -molecules O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -urea B-Chemical -and O -water O -permeabilities O -of O -the O -chicken O -erythrocyte O -membrane O -are O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -a O -non O -- O -porous O -bimolecular O -phospholipid O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -study O -shows O -, O -therefore O -, O -that O -the O -transport O -system O -offers O -a O -highly O -specific O -pathway O -to O -the O -exchange O -of O -anions O -, O -without O -presenting O -an O -inspecific O -leak O -to O -the O -permeation O -of O -water O -and O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -and O -abuse O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -linear O -relationship O -existed O -between O -binding O -and O -the O -number O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonds O -formed O -by O -a O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -the O -slope O -of O -the O -line O -corresponded O -to O -delta O -deltaF O -of O -300 O -cal O -/ O -mol O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -- O -Aminoimidazole O -- O -5 O -- O -carboxamide O -, O -a O -component O -of O -human O -urine O -derived O -from O -the O -de O -novo O -purine B-Chemical -biosynthetic O -pathway O -, O -was O -evidenced O -to O -undergo O -in O -vivo O -diazotization O -in O -rats O -following O -its O -sequential O -administration O -with O -NaNO2 O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1 O -) O -The O -antibacterial O -acivity O -of O -ciclacillin O -( O -ACPC O -) O -with O -inoculum O -size O -of O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -cells O -/ O -ml O -was O -four O -times O -less O -potent O -than O -that O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -( O -ABPC O -) O -and O -4 O -approximately O -8 O -times O -less O -potent O -than O -that O -of O -AMPC O -, O -but O -was O -4 O -approximately O -8 O -times O -more O -potent O -than O -that O -of O -CEX O -against O -Streptococcus O -pyogenes O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -5 O -) O -There O -were O -many O -strains O -resistant O -to O -erythromycin B-Chemical -( O -EM O -) O -and O -josamycin O -( O -JM O -) O -( O -greater O -than O -60 O -% O -, O -respectively O -to O -both O -antibiotics O -) O -in O -Stretpococcus O -pyogenes O -and O -pus O -- O -isolated O -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -metiamide O -, O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -, O -on O -gastric O -secretion O -were O -studied O -in O -anesthetized O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -0 O -. O -5 O -or O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -gastric O -secretion O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -at O -either O -1 O -and O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -Descending O -release O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -from O -the O -locally O -distended O -guinea O -pig O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -aboral O -release O -of O -ACh O -by O -local O -distension O -was O -abolished O -by O -tetrodotoxin O -or O -atropine B-Chemical -in O -the O -concentrations O -which O -did O -not O -block O -the O -release O -in O -the O -distended O -part O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -release O -of O -ACh O -from O -the O -intestine O -by O -nicotine B-Chemical -or O -DMPP O -differed O -from O -the O -occurring O -during O -local O -distension O -in O -that O -the O -release O -was O -localized O -to O -the O -part O -of O -the O -intestine O -to O -which O -the O -drug O -was O -applied O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -IV O -) O -Specificity O -of O -binding O -of O -various O -drugs O -to O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -receptor O -- O -rich O -fraction O -and O -to O -solubilized O -binding O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -H1 O -- O -Agonists O -and O -antagonists O -displaced O -histamine B-Chemical -most O -effectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Solubilized O -sites O -bound O -similar O -amounts O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -dibenamine O -: O -the O -latter O -was O -applied O -to O -intact O -tissue O -under O -conditions O -which O -would O -presumably O -cause O -specific O -binding O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -activities O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -goats O -. O - -aps B-category -9 O -- O -AAP O -fluorescence O -was O -reduced O -following O -pretreatment O -with O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -and O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -and O -was O -less O -affected O -in O -rats O -pretreated O -by O -the O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -racemic O -isomer O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -was O -demonstrated O -ultrastructurally O -as O -a O -fine O -black O -reaction O -product O -with O -unbuffered O -2 O -% O -saturated O -potassium B-Chemical -pyroantimonate O -, O -pH O -9 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Nuclear O -calcium B-Chemical -was O -also O -increased O -, O -the O -precipitates O -being O -localized O -as O -circular O -profiles O -within O -the O -nucleoli O -and O -heterochromatin O -as O -well O -as O -being O -associated O -with O -the O -nuclear O -envelope O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -normal O -rat O -muscle O -was O -preincubated O -in O -136 O -mM O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -enhanced I-Chemical -Hanks O -' O -medium O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -accumulated O -in O -the O -muscle O -fibers O -- O -- O -it O -was O -especially O -heavy O -in O -the O -mitochondria O -and O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -and O -appeared O -identical O -with O -the O -pathologic O -human O -and O -rat O -muscle O -fibers O -. O - -aps B-category -EMMA O -- O -4 O -electron O -probe O -microanalysis O -and O -EGTA O -( O -ethylene O -glycolbis O -( O -beta O -- O -aminoethyl O -ether B-Chemical -) O -N O -, O -N O -' O -- O -tetraacetic O -acid O -) O -chelation O -prior O -to O -staining O -confirmed O -that O -the O -precipitate O -in O -the O -several O -loci O -was O -calcium B-Chemical -antimonate O -. O - -aps B-category -Extracellular O -calcium B-Chemical -would O -then O -pour O -into O -the O -aqueous O -sarcoplasm O -of O -the O -muscle O -fiber O -, O -from O -which O -it O -would O -be O -withdrawn O -by O -and O -accumulated O -with O -the O -still O -active O -organelles O -normally O -having O -a O -great O -avidity O -for O -uptake O -of O -this O -ion O -, O -especially O -the O -mitochondria O -and O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -agent O -delayed O -the O -formation O -of O -plaque O -and O -also O -inhibited O -changes O -in O -pH O -and O -Eh O -, O -whether O -sucrose B-Chemical -was O -present O -or O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -Heat O -output O -- O -time O -records O -or O -' O -thermograms O -' O -produced O -during O -the O -aerobic O -growth O -of O -Klebsiella O -aerogenes O -in O -simple O -salts O -/ O -glucose B-Chemical -media O -with O -growth O -limiting O -glucose B-Chemical -concentrations O -of O -2 O -. O -0 O -, O -1 O -. O -0 O -and O -0 O -. O -5 O -g O -dm O -- O -3 O -were O -obtained O -using O -a O -flow O -- O -microcalorimeter O -fitted O -with O -an O -aerobic O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -stationary O -phase O -aerobic O -processes O -, O -which O -give O -rise O -to O -a O -low O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -, O -produce O -a O -smaller O -heat O -output O -until O -secondary O -metabolic O -processes O -are O -complete O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -: O -a O -reivew O -of O -clinical O -trials O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -- O -Aminopyridine O -mononucleotide O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -a O -coenzyme O -- O -competitive O -inhibitor O -of O -yeast O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -utilisation O -during O -anaerobiosis O -induced O -by O -osmotic O -shock O -in O -a O -bivalve O -mollusc O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -' O -folded O -' O -structure O -proposed O -from O -spectroscopic O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -term O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -reduces O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -activities O -in O -sympathetic O -ganglia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -action O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -HC1 O -on O -[ O -3H O -] O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -accumulation O -by O -rat O -brain O -synaptosomal O -- O -rich O -fractions O -: O -comparison O -with O -[ O -3H O -] O -catecholamine B-Chemical -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -( O -s O -) O -of O -lack O -of O -dietary O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -( O -PX O -) O -on O -the O -growth O -of O -Morris O -hepatoma O -no O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -show O -that O -availability O -of O -dietary O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -stimulates O -the O -growth O -of O -this O -hepatoma O -and O -, O -in O -addition O -, O -exercises O -a O -type O -of O -control O -over O -the O -expression O -of O -TAT O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Cytoplasmic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -transaminase O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -: O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -aminotransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -5 O -) O -was O -partially O -purified O -from O -normal O -, O -host O -liver O -and O -three O -Morris O -hepatomas O -and O -subsequently O -resolved O -by O -electrophoresis O -on O -polyacrylamide O -gels O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -methylmalonyl O -- O -CoA O -mutase O -and O -propionyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -activities O -in O -lysates O -from O -fibroblasts O -derived O -from O -control O -, O -nonketotic O -hyperglycinemia O -, O -propionic O -acidemia O -, O -and O -both O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -responsive I-Chemical -and O -- O -nonresponsive O -variants O -of O -methylmalonic O -acidemia O -showed O -only O -one O -abnormality O -: O -a O -59 O -% O -decrease O -in O -carboxylase O -activity O -in O -the O -nonketotic O -hyperglycinemic O -lysates O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Aminoacylation O -of O -tRNA O -Trp O -from O -beef O -liver O -, O -yeast O -and O -E O -. O -coli O -by O -beef O -pancrease O -tryptophan B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tRNA I-Chemical -ligase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimum O -magnesium B-Chemical -concentration O -is O -different O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -the O -3 O -' O -phosphate B-Chemical -on O -p O -( O -Up O -) O -5 O -prevents O -the O -oligomer O -from O -adding O -to O -itself O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -log O -kobs O -vs O -. O -pH O -profiles O -were O -determined O -in O -the O -intermediate O -acidity O -region O -for O -the O -glycosyl O -hydrolysis O -of O -guanosine B-Chemical -and O -its O -8 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -, O -8 O -- O -monomethylamino O -, O -8 O -- O -dimethylamino O -and O -8 O -- O -bromo O -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -three O -8 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -guanosines O -exhibited O -log O -kobs O -- O -pH O -profiles O -clearly O -showing O -that O -both O -mono O -and O -di O -- O -base O -protonated O -nucleosides B-Chemical -undergo O -hydrolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -urines O -of O -colon O -carcinoma O -patients O -and O -normal O -subjects O -we O -have O -isolated O -a O -nucleoside B-Chemical -in O -which O -an O -amino B-Chemical -group O -of O -aspartic O -acid O -is O -attached O -to O -the O -six O -position O -of O -purine B-Chemical -ribonucleoside O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -methylated O -and O -hypermodified O -nucleosides B-Chemical -which O -are O -products O -of O -RNA O -catabolism O -, O -this O -urinary O -nucleoside B-Chemical -appears O -to O -be O -derived O -from O -adenylosuccinic O -acid O -, O -a O -key O -intermediate O -required O -in O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -ubiquitous O -, O -natural O -purine B-Chemical -nucleotide B-Chemical -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -AMP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Poly O -( O -2 O -' O -- B-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -' O -- O -deoxyadenylic O -acid O -) O -[ O -poly O -( O -Aa O -) O -] O -was O -prepared O -from O -chemically O -synthesized O -2 O -' O -- B-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -' O -- O -deoxy O -- O -ADP O -by O -the O -catalysis O -of O -polynucleotide O -phosphorylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Poly O -( O -Aa O -) O -forms O -a O -1 O -: O -2 O -complex O -with O -poly O -( O -U O -) O -at O -neutrality O -and O -its O -Tm O -was O -45 O -degrees O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -0 O -. O -15M O -sodium B-Chemical -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -Starch O -was O -found O -to O -be O -the O -best O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -fractionation O -with O -( O -NH4 O -) O -2SO4 O -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -precipitation O -, O -protamine O -sulphate O -treatment O -with O -subsequent O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -100 O -gel O -filtration O -phospholipase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -3 O -) O -was O -purified O -300 O -- O -fold O -from O -the O -culture O -liquid O -of O -Bac O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -was O -eliminated O -from O -egg O -whites O -, O -using O -microorganisms O -, O -to O -prevent O -melanoidin O -formation O -which O -may O -damage O -the O -product O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -preparation O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -active O -in O -neutral O -solutions O -of O -low O -ionic O -strength O -at O -30 O -- O -50 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -salts O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -manganese O -, O -copper B-Chemical -, O -zinc B-Chemical -, O -lead B-Chemical -, O -mercury O -, O -aluminium B-Chemical -and O -iron B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -Tris O -- O -buffer O -and O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -inhibited O -lyzosubtilin O -whereas O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -activated O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -show O -that O -earlier O -estimates O -of O -the O -H O -+ O -/ O -ATP O -ratio O -in O -intact O -mitochondria O -were O -based O -upon O -an O -invalid O -correction O -for O -scaler O -H O -+ O -production O -and O -describe O -a O -modified O -method O -for O -determination O -of O -this O -ratio O -which O -utilizes O -mersalyl O -or O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -to O -prevent O -complicating O -transmembrane O -movements O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -H O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -9S O -binding O -protein O -for O -androgens B-Chemical -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -9S O -protein O -binds O -[ O -3H O -] O -dihydrotestosterone O -( O -17beta O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -5alpha O -- O -androstan O -- O -3 O -- O -one O -) O -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -progesterone B-Chemical -( O -4 O -- O -pregnene O -- O -3 O -, O -20 O -- O -dione O -) O -with O -equilibrium O -binding O -constants O -of O -approximately O -10 O -( O -5 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -and O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -unretarded O -on O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -chromatography O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -, O -and O -its O -sedimentation O -rate O -on O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -is O -not O -altered O -at O -high O -ionic O -strength O -( O -0 O -. O -4 O -M O -KCl O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -because O -of O -its O -high O -concentration O -and O -low O -affinity O -, O -9S O -binding O -protein O -may O -function O -in O -the O -intracellular O -accumulation O -of O -compartmentalization O -of O -androgens B-Chemical -or O -progesterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -novel O -variant O -of O -the O -S49 O -mouse O -lymphoma O -has O -been O -selected O -from O -wild O -- O -type O -cells O -by O -growth O -in O -medium O -containing O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonist O -terbutaline B-Chemical -and O -inhibitors O -of O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ketoglutarate I-Chemical -transaminase O -as O -a O -quantitative O -test O -of O -the O -phlogistic O -potency O -of O -agents O -topically O -applied O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -during O -gestation O -and O -infancy O -on O -Y O -- O -maze O -performance O -of O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -vasoconstrictive O -effect O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -isolated O -, O -perfused O -rat O -kidney O -after O -catecholamine B-Chemical -depletion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effectiveness O -of O -the O -chemical O -sympathectomy O -accomplished O -with O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -and O -reserpine B-Chemical -was O -evaluated O -by O -chemical O -; O -histochemical O -and O -electron O -microscopical O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -immunoreactive O -secretin O -in O -portal O -blood O -and O -the O -secretion O -from O -the O -exocrine O -pancreas O -were O -measured O -during O -intraduodenal O -infusion O -of O -isotonic O -or O -hypertonic O -saline O -, O -isotonic O -or O -hypertonic O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -aminoacids O -, O -fat O -emulsion O -, O -or O -0 O -. O -1 O -mol O -X O -1 O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -hydrochloric O -acid O -in O -7 O -anaesthetized O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -Pancreatic O -flow O -rate O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -output O -increased O -from O -0 O -. O -51 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -19 O -ml O -X O -h O -- O -1 O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -S O -. O -E O -. O -M O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Thus O -far O -no O -severe O -adverse O -reactions O -with O -cimetidine B-Chemical -have O -been O -observed O -, O -but O -data O -on O -effects O -of O -long O -term O -use O -are O -lacking O -. O - -aps B-category -Localization O -of O -nigral O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -on O -neurons O -originating O -from O -the O -corpus O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -loss O -of O -nigral O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -after O -the O -various O -brain O -lesions O -was O -correlated O -with O -loss O -of O -nigral O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -but O -not O -that O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -; O -nigral O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -was O -unaffected O -in O -all O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -released O -from O -nigral O -dendrites O -, O -may O -influence O -dopaminergic O -activity O -indirectly O -by O -modulating O -impulses O -transmitted O -to O -the O -nigrostriatal O -neurons O -through O -the O -crus O -cerebri O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -of O -the O -hybrid O -clones O -retained O -the O -rat O -chromosomes O -, O -and O -both O -showed O -extinction O -of O -4 O -liver O -- O -specific O -enzymes O -: O -aldolase O -B O -, O -liver O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -and O -the O -inducible O -enzymes O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -10 O -hybrid O -clones O -, O -containing O -the O -complete O -chromosome O -sets O -of O -both O -parents O -, O -show O -extinction O -of O -4 O -liver O -- O -specific O -enzymes O -: O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -E O -. O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -, O -and O -the O -liver O -- O -specific O -isozymes O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -E O -. O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Influence O -of O -blood O -pH O -on O -pressor O -effec O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -the O -tritiated O -thymidine B-Chemical -( O -3H O -- O -TdR O -) O -suicide O -technique O -on O -the O -ability O -of O -donor O -cells O -to O -induce O -fatal O -graft O -- O -versus O -- O -host O -disease O -( O -GVHD O -) O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -GVH O -serum O -was O -found O -to O -inhibit O -unidirectional O -mixed O -lymphocyte O -cultures O -of O -seven O -different O -allogeneic O -rat O -strain O -combinations O -, O -the O -inhibition O -ranging O -from O -35 O -to O -74 O -per O -cent O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -principles O -for O -measuring O -GVH O -activity O -were O -compared O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -donor O -lymphocytes O -at O -24 O -hr O -after O -transfer O -to O -irradiated O -F1 O -hybrid O -recipients O -and O -( O -2 O -) O -the O -popliteal O -lymph O -node O -assay O -, O -which O -depends O -on O -a O -secondary O -phase O -of O -host O -cell O -proliferation O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -different O -nucleus O -- O -isolation O -methods O -were O -used O -, O -one O -in O -a O -EDTA O -- O -spermidine O -medium O -free O -from O -divalent O -cations O -, O -and O -one O -in O -a O -sucrose B-Chemical -medium O -containing O -these O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -the O -cytoplasmic O -acid O -RNase O -activity O -was O -unchanged O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -medium O -, O -whereas O -in O -the O -spermidine O -it O -slightly O -increased O -during O -regeneration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absoluted O -activity O -of O -cytoplasmic O -alkaline O -RNase O -was O -slightly O -above O -( O -1 O -. O -2 O -times O -) O -the O -acid O -activity O -after O -the O -spermidine O -method O -but O -after O -the O -sucrose B-Chemical -method O -it O -was O -only O -0 O -. O -25 O -times O -that O -of O -the O -acid O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -New O -variant O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -G O -- O -6 O -- O -PD O -" O -Kaluga O -" O -) O -from O -erythrocytes O -of O -a O -patient O -with O -chronic O -nonspherocytic O -hemolytic O -anemia O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -partially O -purified O -enzyme O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -unstable O -in O -electrophoresis O -, O -it O -possessed O -a O -biphase O -type O -of O -pH O -- O -optima O -; O -Km O -value O -for O -NADP O -was O -decreased O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -Km O -value O -was O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -Compounds O -, O -containing O -an O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -or O -guanidine O -group O -at O -the O -position O -opposite O -to O -the O -guanidine O -end O -and O -possessing O -the O -hydrocarbon O -chain O -not O -less O -that O -C4 O -were O -shown O -to O -be O -substrates O -of O -agmatinase O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -3 O -days O -of O -incubation O -at O -20 O -the O -distribution O -of O -RNP O -- O -particles O -in O -the O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -was O -changed O -relatively O -slightly O -; O -which O -was O -due O -to O -the O -low O -activity O -of O -endogenous O -ribosomal O -RNAase O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -appears O -to O -be O -most O -effective O -for O -bipolar O -depressives O -. O - -aps B-category -Recently O -introduced O -compounds O -know O -as O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -have O -a O -profound O -effect O -in O -inhibiting O -gastric O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -hypersecretion O -resulting O -from O -severe O -stress O -, O -such O -as O -occurs O -in O -hypovolemia O -, O -sepsis O -, O -and O -hypercapnea O -, O -contributes O -to O -ischemia O -of O -the O -gastric O -mucosa O -by O -producing O -splanchnic O -vasoconstriction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -stored O -blood O -on O -mesenteric O -oxygen B-Chemical -extraction O -during O -endotoxic O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -combined O -thin O -layer O -and O -gas O -chromatography O -system O -was O -developed O -for O -qualitative O -and O -quantitative O -analysis O -of O -drugs O -in O -biological O -samples O -after O -extraction O -with O -heptane O -- O -isoamyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -100 O -such O -drivers O -, O -24 O -had O -blood O -alcohol B-Chemical -levels O -( O -BALs O -) O -which O -were O -negative O -and O -18 O -of O -that O -24 O -had O -drugs O -in O -their O -sample O -. O - -aps B-category -Mitochondrial O -and O -cytoplasmic O -isoenzymes O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -were O -found O -in O -all O -the O -vertebrates O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Procedure O -for O -isolation O -of O -electrophoretically O -homogeneous O -, O -crystalline O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -lamprey O -muscles O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -L O -- O -Asparaginase O -has O -been O -isolated O -from O -aerobically O -grown O -Escherichia O -coli O -055 O -: O -B5 O -and O -purified O -about O -140 O -- O -fold O -in O -a O -three O -- O -step O -procedure O -involving O -acidification O -to O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -fractionation O -and O -column O -chromatography O -on O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -A O -- O -50 O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -prolactin O -values O -did O -not O -correlate O -well O -with O -the O -serum O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -or O -serum O -osmolality O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -serum O -prolactin O -may O -possible O -participate O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -retention O -in O -man O -as O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -in O -studies O -on O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Methylation O -of O -the O -phenolic O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -of O -oestrone O -and O -oestradiol O -resulted O -in O -slightly O -enhanced O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Pituitary O -LH O -and O -FSH O -and O -testosterone B-Chemical -secretion O -in O -infants O -with O -undescended O -testes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -also O -demonstrate O -that O -one O -of O -the O -main O -reasons O -for O -decreased O -oxygen B-Chemical -supply O -on O -the O -articular O -surface O -after O -meniscectomies O -or O -synovectomies O -is O -excessive O -intra O -- O -articular O -effusion O -which O -, O -according O -to O -earlier O -investigations O -, O -produces O -pressure O -in O -the O -joint O -cavity O -and O -inhibits O -local O -capillary O -circulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -on O -metabolism O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pretreatment O -of O -rats O -with O -atropine B-Chemical -reduced O -significantly O -the O -Hi O -- O -induced O -rise O -of O -HVA O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alkali B-Chemical -reserve O -was O -lower O -by O -6 O -mEq O -and O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -level O -by O -5 O -. O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Use O -of O -cation O -exchange O -filter O -paper O -for O -the O -assaying O -of O -small O -amounts O -of O -quinine B-Chemical -, O -aminophenazone O -, O -chloroquine B-Chemical -, O -ajmaline O -, O -promazine O -and O -pernazine O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -the O -same O -conditions O -desmosine O -and O -isodesmosine O -are O -degraded O -into O -lysine O -and O -probably O -into O -the O -homologous O -substituted O -ketone B-Chemical -of O -glutaconaldehyde O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -of O -each O -peak O -of O -both O -enzymes O -is O -approximately O -30 O -, O -000 O -daltons O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -critical O -role O -for O -copper B-Chemical -in O -aortic O -elastin O -structure O -and O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Vaccinia O -virus O -propagated O -in O -rotated O -cultures O -of O -RK13 O -cells O -was O -purified O -by O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -zonal O -centrifugation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -modes O -of O -action O -of O -tilorone O -, O -interferon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inducing I-Chemical -ability O -and O -stimulation O -of O -humoral O -immunity O -, O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Dipyridamole B-Chemical -, O -a O -coronary O -vasodilatator O -, O -was O -found O -to O -possess O -antiviral O -activity O -against O -representatives O -of O -different O -families O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -tsutsugamushi O -fever O -infection O -on O -the O -metabolism O -of O -blood O -lymphocytes O -of O -mice O -differing O -in O -susceptibility O -to O -Rickettsia O -tsutsugamushi O -and O -of O -rifampicine O -and O -tetracycline B-Chemical -treatment O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -on O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -cyclic I-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -was O -greater O -in O -samples O -incubated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -( O -ATP O -) O -than O -in O -those O -incubated O -in O -its O -absence O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -renal O -acid O -excretion O -in O -malnutrition O -: O -a O -result O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -depletion O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -marked O -reduction O -in O -TA O -was O -associated O -with O -reduced O -mean O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -PO4 O -) O -excretion O -( O -. O -074 O -mg O -/ O -min O -) O -and O -a O -reduced O -mean O -serum O -PO4 O -( O -3 O -. O -9 O -mg O -/ O -dl O -) O -, O -suggesting O -PO4 O -depletion O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -a O -relatively O -low O -plasma O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -( O -mean O -= O -16 O -. O -6 O -mmoles O -/ O -liter O -) O -significant O -amounts O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -were O -detected O -in O -the O -urine O -( O -mean O -= O -8 O -. O -7 O -micronEq O -/ O -1 O -. O -73m2 O -/ O -min O -) O -, O -suggesting O -a O -defect O -in O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduction O -in O -NAE O -appears O -to O -be O -secondary O -to O -unavailability O -of O -urinary O -buffers O -and O -a O -reduction O -in O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -; O -both O -of O -these O -defects O -can O -be O -explained O -by O -phosphate B-Chemical -depletion O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -PO2 O -, O -PCO2 O -, O -pH O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -, O -total O -CO2 O -, O -and O -toe O -temperature O -were O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -the O -initial O -data O -obtained O -from O -each O -patient O -revealed O -that O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -alone O -could O -not O -be O -used O -to O -predict O -survival O -. O - -aps B-category -Survival O -was O -lowest O -( O -30 O -% O -) O -for O -patients O -in O -metabolic O -acidosis O -with O -respiratory O -compensation O -, O -mean O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -10 O -. O -5 O -mEq O -/ O -l O -( O -mmol O -/ O -l O -) O -, O -and O -highest O -( O -65 O -% O -) O -for O -patients O -in O -uncompensated O -respiratory O -alkalosis O -, O -mean O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -2 O -. O -57 O -mEq O -/ O -l O -( O -mmol O -/ O -l O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunologic O -studies O -and O -clinical O -follow O -- O -up O -HBsAg B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -positive I-Chemical -polyarteritis O -nodosa O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -each O -case O -electron O -microscopic O -studies O -demonstrated O -the O -presence O -of O -aggregates O -of O -HBsAg B-Chemical -in O -both O -acute O -and O -quiescent O -phase O -sera O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -of O -the O -three O -patients O -showed O -lymphocyte O -transformation O -to O -purified O -HBsAg B-Chemical -during O -the O -quiescent O -phase O -of O -the O -PAN O -. O - -aps B-category -Sixteen O -patients O -with O -increased O -intraocular O -pressure O -( O -over O -20 O -mm O -Hg O -) O -received O -25 O -and O -50 O -mg O -of O -oral O -methazolamide O -, O -twice O -daily O -, O -during O -consecutive O -weeks O -and O -then O -500 O -mg O -( O -Sequels O -) O -of O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -implications O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -pharmacokinetics O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -in O -nonpsychiatric O -medical O -practice O -. O - -aps B-category -According O -to O -various O -studies O -there O -is O -reason O -to O -believe O -that O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -not O -only O -possess O -the O -anxiolytic O -effects O -universally O -attributed O -to O -them O -but O -may O -also O -ameliorate O -somatic O -complaints O -affecting O -such O -systems O -as O -the O -cardiovascular O -and O -the O -gastrointestinal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sedative O -, O -muscle O -relaxant O -, O -antianxiety O -, O -and O -anticonvulsant O -effects O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -may O -involve O -several O -distinct O -mechanisms O -because O -dissociation O -among O -these O -actions O -can O -be O -demonstrated O -with O -various O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -therapeutic O -effects O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -in O -psychoneurosis O -may O -depend O -in O -part O -on O -their O -ability O -to O -release O -or O -disinhibit O -a O -patient O -' O -s O -anxiety O -- O -suppressed O -gratification O -- O -seeking O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -transmission O -may O -be O -due O -to O -a O -facilitation O -of O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -- O -mediated O -presynaptic O -inhibition O -at O -the O -serotonin B-Chemical -nerve O -terminal O -. O - -aps B-category -Current O -experimental O -paradigms O -emphasize O -neurotransmitter O -- O -specific O -interactions O -to O -explain O -the O -behavioral O -effects O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -effects O -that O -occur O -, O -potentiation O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -presynaptic O -inhibition O -in O -the O -spinal O -cord O -and O -postsynaptic O -inhibitions O -elsewhere O -in O -the O -brain O -are O -attractive O -testable O -hypotheses O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -in O -treating O -mania O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -agents O -recently O -recommended O -for O -this O -condition O -, O -dimethyl O -aminoethanol O -, O -clozapine B-Chemical -, O -and O -thioridazine B-Chemical -, O -failed O -to O -modify O -the O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -paradoxical O -and O -unexpected O -improvement O -was O -observed O -with O -apomorphine B-Chemical -injections O -and O -with O -low O -- O -dosage O -oral O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -- O -engorged O -Coquillettidia O -perturbans O -, O -Psorophora O -ferox O -, O -Culex O -, O -Culiseta O -, O -and O -Aedes O -mosquitoes O -were O -collected O -principally O -by O -sweep O -net O -from O -salt B-Chemical -marsh O -and O -woodland O -habitats O -in O -Connecticut O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -detection O -using O -phenazine O -methosulphate O -and O -tetrazolium O -salts O -: O -interference O -by O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Natural O -pH O -gradients O -in O -buffer O -mixtures O -: O -formation O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -strongly O -acidic O -and O -basic O -anolyte O -and O -catholyte O -, O -gradient O -steepening O -by O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -and O -stabilization O -by O -high O -buffer O -concentrations O -in O -the O -electrolyte O -chambers O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rapid O -accurate O -assay O -for O -choline B-Chemical -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -on O -canine O -left O -ventricular O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -conditions O -of O -constant O -cardiac O -input O -and O -left O -ventricular O -volume O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -produced O -mild O -and O -brief O -left O -ventricular O -depression O -, O -as O -manifested O -by O -a O -decline O -of O -left O -ventricular O -dp O -/ O -dt O -with O -simultaneous O -rise O -of O -left O -ventricular O -end O -- O -diastrolic O -and O -left O -atrial O -pressures O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -nine O -patients O -with O -marked O -gastrin O -responses O -to O -secretin O -, O -the O -Zollinger O -- O -Ellison O -syndrome O -was O -diagnosed O -by O -gastric O -acid O -hypersecretion O -and O -large O -increases O -in O -gastrin O -after O -calcium B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Diagnosis O -of O -urea B-Chemical -cycle O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -implications O -of O -brain O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -turnover O -measurements O -in O -rat O -brain O -nuclei O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -inhibitors O -as O -potential O -therapeutic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -was O -made O -of O -some O -salient O -parameters O -that O -influence O -growth O -of O -the O -methanol O -- O -utilizing O -fungus O -Trichoderma O -lignorum O -growing O -in O -batch O -culture O -on O -a O -minimal O -medium O -containing O -methanol O -as O -the O -sole O -source O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -chloramine O -- O -T O -method O -with O -a O -lactoperoxidase O -/ O -H2O2 B-Chemical -method O -of O -iodinating O -SEB O -showed O -the O -latter O -to O -cause O -a O -greater O -loss O -of O -immunoreactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -on O -poliovirus O -appears O -to O -be O -typical O -for O -picornaviruses O -, O -but O -reovirus O -, O -an O -enteric O -virus O -of O -another O -group O -, O -is O -quite O -resistant O -to O -this O -compound O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prominence O -and O -specificity O -of O -the O -epidermal O -lesions O -, O -particularly O -a O -necrotic O -cell O -that O -occurs O -in O -association O -with O -satellite O -lymphocytes O -( O -" O -satellite O -cell O -necrosis O -" O -( O -SCN O -) O -) O -, O -lead B-Chemical -us O -to O -recommend O -that O -a O -cutaneous O -biopsy O -be O -performed O -to O -facilitate O -an O -early O -definitive O -diagnosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -various O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -were O -studied O -on O -N O -, O -N O -- O -dimethyltryptamine O -( O -DMT O -, O -3 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -( O -3 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -induced O -hyperthermia O -in O -the O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -order O -of O -potency O -for O -antagonism O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -hyperthermia O -was O -: O -haloperidol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -oxypertine O -greater O -than O -octoclothepin O -and O -methiothepin O -. O - -aps B-category -Methiothepin O -reduced O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hyperthermia O -effectively O -at O -a O -very O -high O -dose O -( O -0 O -. O -32 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -variably O -at O -lower O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -chronic O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -clinical O -test O -of O -this O -hypothesis O -, O -we O -administered O -metyrosine O -for O -three O -weeks O -to O -symptomatic O -chronic O -male O -schizophrenic O -patients O -who O -were O -maintained O -on O -suboptimal O -doses O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -concentrations O -remained O -unchanged O -during O -metyrosine O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -observed O -changes O -in O -activity O -of O -leucine B-Chemical -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -peptidase I-Chemical -( O -E O -. O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -of O -histological O -PAS O -test O -, O -Feulgen O -' O -s O -reactions O -and O -those O -to O -acid O -polycaccharides O -were O -identical O -to O -the O -results O -obtained O -in O -fixation O -with O -neutralized O -formalin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Eighty O -per O -cent O -of O -the O -patients O -were O -relieved O -of O -angina O -and O -able O -to O -lead B-Chemical -a O -reasonably O -normal O -existence O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -kinetics O -were O -observed O -with O -GMP O -and O -other O -nucleoside B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphates O -, O -except O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enhanced O -reduction O -of O -t O -- O -butyl O -hydroperoxide O -by O -glutathione B-Chemical -peroxidase O -is O -accompanied O -by O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -cellular O -concentration O -of O -both O -glutathione B-Chemical -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -in O -isolated O -liver O -cells O -, O -resulting O -in O -the O -release O -of O -GSSG B-Chemical -( O -oxidized O -glutathione B-Chemical -) O -from O -the O -perfused O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -release O -of O -GSSG B-Chemical -is O -altered O -markedly O -by O -changes O -in O -the O -metabolic O -conditions O -which O -affect O -the O -rate O -of O -hepatic O -NADPH B-Chemical -generation O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -found O -that O -, O -in O -addition O -to O -the O -hexose O -monophosphate O -shunt O -, O -the O -mitochondrial O -NADH O -- O -NADP O -+ O -transhydrogenase O -reaction O -plays O -an O -important O -role O -in O -supplying O -reducing O -equivalents O -to O -the O -glutathione B-Chemical -peroxidase O -reaction O -and O -in O -maintaining O -the O -cellular O -oxidation O -- O -reduction O -state O -of O -the O -nicotinamide O -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -the O -immunoprecipitate O -of O -the O -mammary O -tissue O -carboxylase O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -/ O -polyacrylamide O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -reveals O -a O -single O -biotin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -polypeptide O -of O -about O -230000mol O -. O -wt O -. O - -aps B-category -as O -determined O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -/ O -polyacrylamide O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -; O -omission O -of O -proteinase O -inhibitor O -leads O -to O -a O -subunit O -( O -s O -) O -approximately O -one O -- O -half O -this O -size O -. O - -aps B-category -Prior O -treatment O -of O -rats O -of O -either O -age O -with O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -results O -in O -a O -2 O -- O -3 O -- O -fold O -increase O -in O -o O -- O -aminophenol O -conjugation O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -4 O -and O -a O -6 O -- O -9 O -- O -fold O -increase O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymes O -were O -stable O -for O -at O -least O -18 O -months O -when O -stored O -at O -- O -20 O -degrees O -C O -in O -0 O -. O -025 O -M B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -buffer O -, O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Differences O -in O -fluorescence O -intensity O -between O -FMN O -and O -FAD O -at O -high O -and O -low O -pH O -values O -were O -utilized O -to O -determine O -the O -concentration O -of O -each O -nucleotide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -- O -base O -titrations O -showed O -that O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -has O -a O -pKa O -value O -of O -6 O -. O -43 O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -standard O -free O -engery O -and O -entropy O -changes O -associated O -with O -the O -ionization O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -were O -37 O -. O -2kJ O -- O -mol O -- O -1 O -and O -- O -0 O -. O -014kJ O -- O -mol O -- O -1 O -- O -K O -- O -1 O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -either O -the O -glycopeptides O -do O -not O -contain O -a O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bond O -of O -that O -type O -, O -or O -, O -if O -they O -do O -, O -that O -it O -cannot O -be O -recognized O -by O -acid O -- O -base O -- O -titration O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -the O -vitamin B-Chemical -K I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -post O -- O -translational O -carboxylation O -of O -the O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -atom O -of O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -in O -proteins O -remains O -obscure O -. O - -aps B-category -Weanling O -male O -rats O -were O -fed O -on O -a O -biotin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -diet O -until O -severe O -biotin B-Chemical -deficiency O -was O -induced O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -were O -done O -in O -vitro O -in O -which O -vitamin B-Chemical -K I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -fixing O -of O -14CO2 O -was O -measured O -in O -the O -liver O -microsomal O -fraction O -from O -vitamin B-Chemical -K I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -male O -rats O -in O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -avidin O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -neither O -series O -of O -experiments O -suggests O -a O -role O -for O -biotin B-Chemical -; O -the O -data O -are O -compatible O -with O -carboxyl O -transfer O -occurring O -either O -through O -a O -carboxylated O -vitamin B-Chemical -K I-Chemical -intermediate O -; O -or O -via O -a O -yet O -to O -be O -identified O -intermediate O -, O -or O -perhaps O -via O -CO2 O -itself O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -enzymes O -was O -analysed O -, O -carboxypeptidase O -B2 O -had O -four O -more O -glycine B-Chemical -and O -three O -more O -aspartic O -acid O -residues O -than O -had O -form O -B1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -N O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -carboxypeptidase O -B1 O -and O -B2 O -is O -alanine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -19F O -] O -fluorine O -nuclear O -- O -magnetic O -- O -resonance O -study O -of O -the O -interaction O -of O -difluoro B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxaloacetate I-Chemical -with O -aspartate B-Chemical -transaminase O -. O - -aps B-category -line O -- O -width O -- O -pH O -and O -chemical O -- O -shift O -- O -pH O -profiles O -of O -difluoro B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxaloacetate I-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -aldimine O -form O -of O -the O -enzyme O -both O -show O -inflexion O -points O -in O -the O -pH5 O -and O -pH8 O -regions O -, O -which O -may O -arise O -from O -variations O -in O -the O -binding O -of O -difluoro B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxaloacetate I-Chemical -as O -specific O -groups O -on O -the O -enzyme O -are O -successively O -protonated O -. O - -aps B-category -line O -- O -width O -- O -pH O -and O -chemical O -- O -shift O -- O -pH O -profiles O -of O -difluoro B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxaloacetate I-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -apoenzyme O -show O -a O -single O -inflexion O -point O -in O -the O -region O -of O -pH8 O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -the O -products O -of O -reduction O -of O -skin O -, O -tendon O -and O -bone O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -cyanoborohydride O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -reduction O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -cyanoborohydride O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -4 O -, O -however O -, O -a O -previously O -undetected O -basic O -compound O -was O -formed O -and O -was O -identified O -by O -mass O -spectrometry O -and O -chemical O -degradation O -techniques O -as O -dihydrohydroxymerodesmosine O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -concentrations O -of O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -demonstration O -of O -two O -discrete O -enzymes O -catalyzing O -the O -synthesis O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -gamma O -- O -glutamylmethylamide O -in O -Pseudomonas O -MS O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -occurs O -most O -often O -in O -patients O -with O -malignancy O -or O -renal O -transplants O -whose O -immune O -response O -has O -been O -suppressed O -by O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -or O -cytotoxic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Murine O -embryonic O -fibroblast O -monolayer O -cultures O -were O -used O -to O -study O -the O -influence O -of O -the O -antirheumatic O -phenylacetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -derivatives O -ibufanac O -, O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -, O -alclofenac O -and O -bufexamac O -and O -of O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -as O -a O -reference O -compound O -on O -glycosaminoglycan B-Chemical -( O -GAG O -) O -metabolism O -viability O -and O -multiplication O -of O -cells O -cultured O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -pointed O -out O -that O -the O -pathophysiology O -of O -the O -coronary O -insufficiency O -is O -based O -on O -the O -difference O -between O -oxygen B-Chemical -demand O -of O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -supply O -to O -the O -myocardium O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -healthy O -volunteers O -and O -hypertensive O -patients O -after O -acute O -and O -chronic O -administration O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -, O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -practolol O -or O -penbutolol O -, O -a O -significantly O -higher O -increase O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -plasma O -has O -been O -observed O -during O -physical O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -respect O -to O -therapeutic O -influence O -on O -myocardial O -function O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -balance O -the O -following O -rules O -ought O -to O -be O -regarded O -: O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Organic O -nitrates B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blocking O -agents O -are O -compatible O -with O -simultaneous O -cardiac O -glycoside O -therapy O -, O -but O -both O -must O -be O -applied O -according O -to O -the O -individual O -requirement O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Regulation O -of O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -levels O -by O -transmitter O -candidates O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -citrate B-Chemical -, O -as O -used O -in O -this O -study O -, O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -an O -ineffective O -antacid O -. O - -aps B-category -Conditions O -for O -tracheal O -intubation O -following O -fazadinium O -and O -pancuronium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Fazadinium B-Chemical -provided O -better O -intubating O -conditions O -than O -pancuronium B-Chemical -during O -the O -first O -60 O -s O -after O -administration O -in O -group O -1 O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -adult O -male O -baboons O -( O -Papio O -ursinus O -) O -were O -exposed O -to O -a O -cloud O -of O -lead B-Chemical -oxide O -dust O -to O -induce O -changes O -in O -the O -status O -of O -delta O -- O -aminolevulinic O -acid O -dehydratase O -( O -ALAD O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Exogenous O -zinc B-Chemical -was O -shown O -to O -activate O -the O -enzyme O -, O -and O -the O -antagonistic O -effect O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -on O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -lead B-Chemical -inhibition O -was O -demonstrated O -for O -baboons O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -baboons O -exposed O -to O -lead B-Chemical -dust O -, O -with O -raised O -blood O -lead B-Chemical -, O -activity O -optima O -were O -observed O -at O -pH O -6 O -- O -8 O -and O -6 O -- O -2 O -, O -while O -the O -optimum O -at O -pH O -7 O -- O -1 O -was O -absent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -had O -optimum O -activity O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -and O -36 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Under O -standart O -conditions O -the O -Michaelis O -constants O -for O -the O -" O -malic O -" O -enzyme O -with O -Mn2 O -+ O -as O -cofactor O -are O -0 O -. O -091 O -mM O -for O -malate B-Chemical -and O -0 O -. O -04 O -mM O -for O -NADP O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -on O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -incorporation O -into O -mevalonic O -acid O -, O -sterols O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -after O -preliminary O -incubation O -of O -rat O -liver O -extracts O -under O -conditions O -optimal O -for O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -activation O -, O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -correlation O -was O -shown O -to O -exist O -between O -the O -activity O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -and O -the O -rate O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -incorporation O -into O -mevalonate O -and O -sterols O -; O -the O -activity O -of O -beta O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -beta O -- O -methylglutaryl O -- O -CoA O -reductase O -, O -limiting O -the O -rate O -of O -the O -sterol B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -, O -was O -not O -changed O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -enzyme O -catalyzing O -the O -discoloration O -and O -breakdown O -of O -betacyanins O -was O -isolated O -from O -beet O -roots O -Beta O -vulgaris O -by O -centrifugation O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -M O -, O -2 O -. O -0 O -M O -, O -1 O -. O -5 O -M O -, O -1 O -. O -0 O -M O -, O -tris O -- O -HCl O -buffer O -, O -0 O -. O -05 O -M O -, O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -) O -, O -and O -purified O -100 O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -the O -enzyme O -inhibition O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -azide O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -diethyldithiocarbamate O -, O -thiourea O -, O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -active O -site O -of O -the O -enzyme O -contains O -a O -metal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -turnover O -rate O -of O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -nuclei O -of O -telencephalon O -: O -implications O -in O -the O -pharmacology O -of O -antipsychotics O -and O -of O -a O -minor O -tranquilizer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -similarity O -of O -action O -of O -the O -two O -drugs O -on O -GABA B-Chemical -turnover O -further O -supports O -the O -theory O -that O -diazepam B-Chemical -acts O -as O -a O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mimetic I-Chemical -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -decreases O -GABA B-Chemical -turnover O -in O -caudate O -but O -does O -not O -affect O -that O -in O -substantia O -nigra O -, O -whereas O -clozapine B-Chemical -increases O -GABA B-Chemical -turnover O -in O -both O -areas O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -an O -increase O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -turnover O -and O -perhaps O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -release O -in O -striatum O -and O -substantia O -nigra O -may O -account O -for O -the O -lack O -of O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -and O -extrapyramidal O -side O -effects O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -central O -stimulant O -actions O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -are O -not O -altered O -in O -animals O -in O -which O -brain O -stores O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -have O -been O -depleted O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -, O -but O -they O -are O -blocked O -by O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltyrosine I-Chemical -, O -which O -inhibits O -catecholamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -experiments O -in O -animals O -in O -which O -dopaminergic O -nerve O -terminals O -in O -various O -brain O -regions O -have O -been O -selectively O -destroyed O -by O -intracranial O -microinjection O -of O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -reveal O -that O -the O -locomotor O -stimulant O -actions O -of O -relatively O -low O -doses O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -are O -dependent O -upon O -mesolimbic O -dopaminergic O -neurons O -, O -whereas O -the O -stereotyped O -behaviors O -induced O -by O -relatively O -larger O -doses O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -are O -dependent O -upon O -nigrostriatal O -dopaminergic O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -acetylcholine B-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -) O -in O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -upon O -the O -binding O -of O -the O -third O -component O -of O -complement O -( O -C3 O -) O -to O -PNH O -red O -cells O -in O -vitro O -and O -their O -subsequent O -hemolysis O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Heparin B-Chemical -has O -a O -biphasic O -effect O -upon O -membrane O -C3 O -fixation O -and O -hemolysis O -when O -complement O -is O -activated O -in O -serum O -at O -decreased O -ionic O -strength O -( O -sucrose B-Chemical -lysis O -) O -or O -in O -serum O -at O -decreased O -pH O -( O -Ham O -test O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -enhanced O -complement O -activation O -may O -explain O -the O -increased O -hemolysis O -sometimes O -reported O -in O -PNH O -patients O -treated O -with O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -and O -suggests O -that O -heparin B-Chemical -may O -aggravate O -the O -consequences O -of O -pathologic O -alternative O -pathway O -complement O -activation O -in O -other O -diseases O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -showed O -little O -density O -dependence O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -H O -+ O -on O -K O -+ O -on O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -dilatation O -at O -pial O -arteries O -of O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -9 O -) O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -) O -was O -dissolved O -in O -mock O -spinal O -fluids O -with O -varying O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -concentrations O -( O -5 O -and O -22 O -mM O -HCO3 O -- O -, O -and O -6 O -and O -10 O -mM O -K O -+ O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -adenosine B-Chemical -, O -when O -dissolved O -in O -a O -more O -acidic O -or O -higher O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -solution O -( O -5 O -mM O -HCO3 O -- O -, O -or O -6 O -or O -10 O -mM O -K O -+ O -) O -produced O -a O -diminished O -dilatatory O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Observations O -on O -the O -behaviour O -of O -barium B-Chemical -sulphate O -suspensions O -in O -gastric O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -indicate O -that O -flocculation O -of O -the O -suspension O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -gastric O -residue O -decreases O -as O -the O -amount O -of O -undiluted O -barium B-Chemical -sulphate O -in O -the O -mixture O -is O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -electrocardiogram O -( O -ECG O -) O -and O -blood O -pressure O -were O -recorded O -before O -and O -after O -treadmill O -exercise O -, O -and O -plasma O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -( O -DBH O -) O -activity O -was O -measured O -as O -an O -index O -of O -changes O -in O -sympathetic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrical O -stimulation O -of O -the O -isolated O -sinus O -gland O -, O -or O -its O -incubation O -in O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -rich I-Chemical -solutions O -( O -20 O -- O -- O -80 O -mM O -) O -results O -in O -the O -release O -of O -the O -neurodepressing O -peptide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -blockade O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -uptake O -into O -synaptosomes O -: O -relationship O -to O -an O -interaction O -with O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -potent O -and O -specific O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -neuronal O -uptake O -blocker O -was O -administered O -to O -phenelzine O -- O -pretreated O -rabbits O -and O -found O -to O -produce O -a O -lethal O -hyperpyrexia O -in O -doses O -equal O -to O -or O -greater O -than O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -, O -meperidine B-Chemical -, O -and O -dextromethorphan B-Chemical -produce O -hyperpyrexia O -in O -phenelzine O -- O -pretreated O -rabbits O -, O -whereas O -anileridine O -, O -alphaprodine O -, O -and O -morphine B-Chemical -do O -not O -, O -there O -appears O -to O -be O -some O -correlation O -between O -the O -hyperpyrexic O -response O -and O -inhibition O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ineffectiveness O -of O -levorphanol O -in O -producing O -hyperpyrexia O -may O -be O -due O -to O -its O -marked O -depressant O -properties O -, O -since O -the O -addition O -of O -another O -depressant O -drug O -( O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -) O -antagonized O -the O -hyperpyrexic O -effect O -of O -meperidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -unique O -features O -have O -been O -observed O -in O -the O -R O -. O -rubrum O -enzyme O -systems O -, O -such O -as O -an O -uneven O -incorporation O -of O -purine B-Chemical -and O -pyrimidine O -nucleotides O -by O -the O -RNA O -polymerases O -, O -and O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -lag O -period O -in O -the O -polyadenylic O -acid O -polymerase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Asparagine O -was O -a O -superior O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -for O -clavine O -- O -alkaloid O -production O -in O -Claviceps O -purpurea O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -disturbed O -the O -relative O -pool O -sizes O -of O -various O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -resulting O -in O -a O -change O -in O -the O -genetically O -determined O -ratio O -at O -which O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -utilized O -for O -protein O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -salts O -in O -the O -fermentation O -broth O -led O -to O -a O -depression O -of O -the O -alkaloid O -yield O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -induced O -lysate O -of O -Clostridium O -perfringens O -strain O -KZ219 O -was O -lytic O -to O -50 O -strains O -of O -C O -. O -perfringens O -of O -types O -A O -- O -E O -, O -and O -three O -strains O -of O -C O -. O -plagarum O -. O - -aps B-category -Vibrio O -parahaemolyticus O -cells O -were O -injured O -by O -chilling O -and O -heating O -, O -and O -their O -recovery O -was O -tested O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Teepol I-Chemical -broth O -( O -GSTB O -) O -, O -tryptic O -soy O -broth O -containing O -7 O -% O -NaCl B-Chemical -( O -TSBS O -) O -, O -Horie O -- O -arabinose O -- O -ethyl O -violet O -broth O -( O -HAEB O -) O -, O -and O -water O -blue O -- O -alizarin O -yellow O -broth O -( O -WBAY O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -activated O -by O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -KCl O -, O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -, O -MnCl2 O -, O -and O -MgSO4 O -, O -has O -a O -Km O -of O -3 O -. O -4 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -for O -neoagarotetraose O -, O -was O -free O -from O -beta O -- O -agarase O -and O -alpha O -- O -neoagarobiose O -hydrolase O -activity O -, O -and O -showed O -no O -transglycosidic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -rate O -was O -unaffected O -by O -2 O -mM O -K2HPO4 O -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -, O -adenosine B-Chemical -monophosphate O -, O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -monophosphate O -, O -fructose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -, O -2 O -- O -keto O -- O -3 O -- O -deoxy O -- O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -, O -or O -citrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Adsorbed O -viruses O -were O -eluted O -from O -the O -filters O -with O -glycine B-Chemical -buffer O -( O -pH O -11 O -. O -5 O -) O -and O -the O -eluate O -reconcentrated O -by O -using O -a O -precipitate O -formed O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -ferric O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -an O -attempt O -to O -determine O -whether O -a O -subcellular O -compartmentation O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -exists O -and O -if O -so O -, O -whether O -there O -is O -a O -different O -distribution O -of O -the O -3 O -isoenzymes O -of O -CK O -in O -the O -cell O -, O -studies O -were O -carried O -out O -with O -the O -guinea O -pig O -heart O -which O -had O -been O -subfractionated O -by O -either O -isopycnic O -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -or O -differential O -pelleting O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -parameters O -necessary O -for O -the O -maintenance O -of O -optimal O -5alpha O -- O -RA O -in O -such O -explants O -have O -been O -determined O -, O -and O -it O -has O -been O -shown O -that O -certain O -agents O -( O -estramustine O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -progesterone B-Chemical -, O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17beta I-Chemical -) O -can O -inhibit O -5alpha O -- O -RA O -under O -in O -vitro O -conditions O -, O -pointing O -to O -the O -potential O -use O -of O -such O -an O -approach O -in O -screening O -various O -cytostatic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -b O -) O -The O -deposition O -of O -65Zn O -in O -the O -rat O -dorsolateral O -gland O -, O -particularly O -as O -affected O -by O -prolactin O -and O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -effects O -of O -chemotherapeutic O -agents O -on O -such O -deposition O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -parameters O -related O -to O -zinc B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -the O -prostate O -are O -being O -further O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Aurinetricarboxylic O -acid O -: O -a O -potent O -inhibitor O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -constants O -, O -Km O -, O -Ki O -at O -varying O -pH O -suggested O -possible O -binding O -of O -the O -inhibitor O -by O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -of O -the O -enzyme O -; O -of O -the O -several O -enzymes O -tested O -only O -milk O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -G6P O -dehydrogenase O -from O -bovine O -adrenal O -was O -inhibited O -by O -ATA O -. O - -aps B-category -Continuous O -- O -flow O -determination O -of O -dialyzable O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -constant O -proportion O -of O -the O -dialyzable O -calcium B-Chemical -is O -fluorometrically O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Continuous O -- O -flow O -determination O -of O -serum O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -with O -a O -single O -reagent O -- O -- O -the O -vanadomolybdate O -method O -re O -- O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimum O -reaction O -- O -mixture O -concentrations O -of O -vanadium O -and O -molybdenum O -appeared O -to O -be O -respectively O -0 O -. O -2 O -and O -5 O -mmol O -/ O -liter O -up O -to O -3 O -mmol O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -per O -liter O -, O -in O -a O -final O -acid O -medium O -of O -0 O -. O -2 O -mol O -/ O -liter O -, O -concentrations O -considerably O -lower O -than O -those O -used O -in O -some O -studies O -published O -earlier O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -present O -a O -method O -for O -simultaneously O -determining O -five O -anticonvulsants O -[ O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -, O -phenytoin B-Chemical -( O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -) O -, O -primidone O -, O -ethosuximide B-Chemical -, O -and O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -] O -in O -as O -little O -as O -25 O -microliters O -of O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -more O -than O -30 O -drugs O -tested O -for O -possible O -interference O -, O -only O -ethotoin O -interferes O -with O -the O -analysis O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Examples O -of O -additional O -applications O -are O -presented O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -tissue O -, O -3 O -- O -methoxy O -- O -4 O -- O -hydroxyphenylglycol O -in O -urine O -, O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -activity O -in O -human O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -liberated O -aromatic O -amine B-Chemical -, O -which O -can O -diffuse O -from O -the O -cell O -, O -is O -trapped O -as O -a O -fluorescent O -insoluble O -Schiff O -- O -base O -product O -with O -5 O -- O -nitrosalicylaldehyde O -, O -with O -the O -peak O -of O -fluorescence O -emission O -shifted O -from O -lambdaem O -425 O -nm O -to O -lambdaem O -530 O -and O -595 O -nm O -. O - -aps B-category -Inorganic O -phosphorus B-Chemical -in O -human O -bile O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -in O -common O -duct O -bile O -for O -patients O -with O -cholesterol B-Chemical -on O -the O -stone O -surface O -was O -significantly O -higher O -than O -that O -for O -patients O -with O -some O -calcium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -in O -this O -area O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -bile O -from O -functioning O -gallbladders O -, O -inorganic O -phosphorus B-Chemical -was O -linearly O -related O -to O -pH O -for O -cholesterol B-Chemical -stone O -- O -formers O -, O -but O -values O -for O -calcium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -stone O -- O -formers O -were O -below O -the O -regression O -line O -and O -not O -related O -to O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -with O -serum O -albumin O -in O -chronic O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -similar O -serum O -protein O -levels O -, O -the O -correlations O -between O -serum O -ionic O -calcium B-Chemical -pH O -were O -: O -( O -a O -) O -normals O -: O -number O -of O -pairs O -= O -15 O -, O -r O -= O -- O -0 O -. O -90 O -, O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -, O -Ca2 O -+ O -= O -4 O -. O -54 O -- O -0 O -. O -484 O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -view O -of O -the O -above O -results O -, O -it O -can O -be O -suggested O -that O -, O -among O -several O -possible O -causes O -, O -alterations O -in O -the O -binding O -- O -affinity O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -to O -serum O -albumin O -can O -be O -excluded O -as O -an O -additional O -factor O -of O -secondary O -hyperparathyroidism O -in O -uremia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -factors O -controlling O -renal O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -and O -acid O -excretion O -under O -normal O -conditions O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -metabolic O -acidosis O -and O -alkalosis O -are O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -sulfate O -lowers O -urine O -pH O -in O -the O -gradient O -defect O -but O -fails O -to O -produce O -the O -same O -response O -in O -the O -secretory O -defect O -. O - -aps B-category -Methadone B-Chemical -maintenance O -: O -effect O -of O -urinary O -pH O -on O -renal O -clearance O -in O -chronic O -high O -and O -low O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -was O -made O -of O -the O -plasma O -levels O -and O -renal O -clearance O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -between O -patients O -on O -" O -high O -" O -doses O -( O -80 O -to O -110 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -and O -those O -on O -" O -low O -" O -doses O -( O -15 O -to O -40 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -urinary O -pH O -was O -a O -major O -factor O -in O -renal O -clearance O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acid O -, O -neutral O -and O -" O -intermediate O -" O -salts O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -bilirubinate O -have O -been O -synthesized O -. O - -aps B-category -Observations O -on O -some O -effects O -of O -disodium O -ethylenediamine O -tetra O -- O -acetate O -and O -heparin B-Chemical -on O -fish O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -Seasonal O -variations O -in O -the O -turnover O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -of O -active O -and O -hibernating O -hedgehogs O -( O -Erinaceus O -europaeus O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -and O -the O -activity O -of O -a O -number O -of O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -enzymes O -in O -the O -copper B-Chemical -deficient O -mottled O -mouse O -mutants O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -and O -identification O -of O -the O -major O -metabolite O -of O -albuterol B-Chemical -in O -human O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -proton O -magnetic O -resonance O -, O -infrared O -, O -and O -mass O -- O -spectral O -analysis O -, O -enzymic O -hydrolysis O -, O -and O -assay O -of O -inorganic O -sulfate O -after O -acid O -hydrolysis O -, O -the O -metabolite O -has O -been O -identified O -as O -the O -4 O -' O -- O -O O -- O -sulfate O -ester O -of O -albuterol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dogs O -were O -capable O -of O -N O -- O -demethylation O -, O -but O -no O -metabolites O -oxidized O -at O -the O -6 O -- O -or O -7 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -atoms O -were O -detected O -in O -dog O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacokinetics O -of O -intravenously O -injected O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -in O -baby O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -Disappearance O -of O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -from O -plasma O -was O -biphasic O -; O -an O -initial O -component O -was O -rapid O -( O -half O -- O -life O -about O -9 O -min O -) O -and O -a O -second O -component O -had O -a O -half O -- O -life O -of O -55 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -metabolites O -containing O -carboxylic O -acid O -and O -ketone B-Chemical -functional O -groups O -were O -reduced O -to O -alcohols O -with O -lithium B-Chemical -aluminum B-Chemical -deuteride O -before O -trimethylsilation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -delta9 O -- O -tetrahydrocannabinol O -( O -THC O -) O -and O -cannabidiol O -( O -CBD O -) O -on O -hydroxylation O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -and O -testosterone B-Chemical -in O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -doses O -of O -THC O -or O -CBD O -at O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -significantly O -depressed O -testosterone B-Chemical -formation O -in O -testis O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -V O -. O -Isolation O -of O -separate O -glucuronyltransferase O -activities O -for O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -p O -- O -nitrophenol O -from O -rabbit O -liver O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -nonsteroid O -UDPGT O -activities O -were O -higher O -at O -parturition O -than O -in O -adult O -animals O -, O -whereas O -no O -such O -developmental O -peak O -occurred O -for O -steroid B-Chemical -UDPGT O -. O - -aps B-category -7 O -, O -8 O -- O -Benzoflavone O -, O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -benzoflavone O -, O -and O -17 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -were O -found O -to O -be O -potent O -inhibitors O -of O -the O -metabolic O -transformation O -of O -DMBA O -by O -epidermal O -homogenates O -in O -vitro O -, O -whereas O -butylated O -hydroxytoluene O -and O -1 O -, O -1 O -, O -1 O -- O -trichloro O -- O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -propene O -oxide O -had O -little O -effect O -on O -or O -enhanced O -metabolite O -formation O -from O -DMBA O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Sixty O -- O -seven O -babies O -were O -utilized O -to O -( O -a O -) O -document O -the O -serum O -bilirubin B-Chemical -lowering O -effect O -and O -safety O -of O -a O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -and O -nikethamide O -combination O -in O -neonatal O -hyperbilirubinaemia O -of O -non O -- O -hemolytic O -origin O -; O -( O -b O -) O -determine O -whether O -birthweight O -and O -/ O -or O -SGOT O -, O -SGPT O -or O -SGGT O -activity O -on O -day O -one O -of O -life O -correlated O -with O -the O -maximum O -serum O -bilirubin B-Chemical -level O -achieved O -; O -and O -( O -c O -) O -investigate O -the O -pattern O -of O -hepatic O -enzyme O -levels O -in O -serum O -under O -normal O -conditions O -anf O -following O -drug O -induction O -. O - -aps B-category -Birthweight O -and O -day O -one O -SGGT O -levels O -, O -and O -SGGT O -/ O -birthweight O -ratio O -correlated O -well O -with O -the O -maximum O -serum O -bilirubin B-Chemical -reached O -, O -the O -latter O -ratio O -being O -particularly O -useful O -in O -predicting O -the O -degree O -of O -hyperbilirubinaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mouse O -vas O -deferens O -is O -more O -sensitive O -to O -the O -enkephalins O -which O -are O -30 O -to O -60 O -times O -more O -potent O -than O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileum O -, O -naloxone B-Chemical -antagonises O -normorhine O -and O -the O -enkephalins O -equally O -well O -whereas O -in O -the O -mouse O -vas O -deferens O -about O -ten O -times O -more O -naloxone B-Chemical -is O -required O -for O -the O -enkophalins O -that O -for O -normorphine O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -acute O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -clobazam O -on O -spontaneous O -locomotor O -activity O -and O -central O -amine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -adrenoceptors O -in O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -VO2 O -in O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Epinephrine B-Chemical -was O -as O -effective O -as O -NE O -in O -evoking O -the O -increase O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -beta O -- O -agonist O -) O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -VO2 O -of O -the O -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -( O -beta O -- O -antagonist O -) O -could O -also O -completely O -block O -the O -NE O -induced O -VO2 O -but O -this O -drug O -was O -found O -to O -be O -less O -potent O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -a O -course O -- O -wise O -introduction O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -majeptil O -and O -trisedyl O -to O -rats O -the O -methionine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -35S I-Chemical -incorporation O -in O -the O -protein O -was O -diminished O -in O -most O -of O -the O -brain O -segments O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -II O -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -intensity O -and O -dynamics O -of O -the O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -release O -were O -not O -affected O -by O -nonachlazine O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -metabolic O -and O -functional O -nonachlazine O -effects O -are O -related O -to O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -stimulation O -, O -mediated O -through O -the O -agency O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -investigation O -of O -the O -thrombocytes O -adhesion O -after O -Hellem O -( O -1960 O -) O -showed O -that O -" O -in O -vitro O -" O -tests O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -, O -when O -used O -in O -doses O -of O -100 O -- O -25 O -, O -0 O -gamma O -/ O -ml O -, O -were O -capable O -of O -raising O -the O -thrombocytes O -adhesion O -, O -while O -heparin B-Chemical -administered O -in O -doses O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -0 O -. O -05 O -U O -/ O -ml O -depressed O -and O -in O -a O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -025 O -U O -/ O -ml O -mildly O -activated O -this O -capacity O -of O -the O -thrombocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -administration O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -in O -a O -dose O -of O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -and O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -in O -an O -amount O -of O -0 O -. O -05 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -to O -rabbits O -increased O -the O -adhesivity O -of O -thrombocytes O -, O -whereas O -intravenous O -introduction O -of O -100 O -un O -/ O -kg O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -tended O -to O -greatly O -reduce O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -logarithm O -of O -time O -lapsed O -from O -the O -instance O -of O -the O -heparin B-Chemical -administration O -is O -linearly O -dependent O -on O -the O -logarithms O -of O -values O -characterizing O -the O -adhesivity O -of O -thrombocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Stabilization O -of O -biological O -membranes O -with O -various O -acetylene O -amines B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrated O -compounds O -, O -analogues O -of O -acetylene O -amines B-Chemical -are O -devoid O -of O -the O -ability O -to O -raise O -the O -resistance O -of O -the O -cellular O -organoids O -membranes O -to O -damaging O -factors O - -aps B-category -Substances O -modulating O -the O -secretion O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -by O -cultured O -anterior O -pituitary O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Glutamic O -- O -oxalacetic O -transaminase O -activity O -in O -seminal O -plasma O -of O -some O -domestic O -animals O -in O -dependence O -of O -pH O -value O -and O -concentration O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Polygraphic O -sleep O -recordings O -before O -and O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -comparing O -our O -results O -to O -those O -of O -other O -authors O -, O -who O -described O -the O -effects O -of O -various O -preparations O -, O -we O -found O -that O -the O -substance O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -showed O -different O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Duodenal O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -output O -and O -pH O -were O -recorded O -and O -plasma O -secretin O -and O -motilin O -levels O -were O -measured O -by O -radioimmunoassay O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -plasma O -motilin O -levels O -are O -decreased O -by O -secretin O -- O -induced O -pancreatic O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -juice O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -Experience O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -monitoring O -. O - -aps B-category -micoren O -, O -pentylenetetrazol B-Chemical -and O -methedrine O -was O -studied O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -invertase O -component O -has O -a O -Km O -for O -sucrose B-Chemical -of O -about O -71 O -mM O -and O -a O -pH O -optimum O -between O -pH O -5 O -. O -8 O -and O -6 O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -cysteine B-Chemical -and O -autoclaved O -glucose B-Chemical -can O -be O -used O -to O -adjust O -to O -ORP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dye O -was O -also O -reduced O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -solutions O -by O -atmospheres O -containing O -10 O -% O -and O -1 O -% O -- O -2 O -% O -pO2 O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -tried O -to O -determine O -whether O -short O -- O -term O -treatment O -with O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -, O -quinidine B-Chemical -, O -digoxin B-Chemical -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -or O -furosemide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -in O -common O -use O -in O -hospitals O -- O -- O -is O -capable O -of O -stimulating O -the O -activity O -of O -hepatic O -microsomal O -drug O -- O -metabolizing O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -poisoning O -: O -from O -ingestion O -of O -concentrated O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -used O -to O -fortify O -milk O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymes O -catalyzing O -the O -catabolism O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -pyruvate B-Chemical -via O -the O -Entner O -- O -Doudoroff O -pathway O -were O -identified O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -grown I-Chemical -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemotaxis O -toward O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -by O -Bdellovibrio O -bacteriovorus O -. O - -aps B-category -B O -. O -bacteriovorus O -was O -attracted O -to O -L O -- O -asparagine O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -, O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -L O -- O -histidine O -, O -L O -- O -lysine O -, O -and O -L O -- O -threonine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -L O -- O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -: O -NAD O -+ O -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -27 O -) O -of O -Streptococcus O -lactis O -C10 O -, O -like O -that O -of O -other O -streptococci O -, O -was O -activated O -by O -fructose O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphate O -( O -FDP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -activity O -showed O -a O -hyperbolic O -response O -to O -both O -NADH O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -in O -all O -the O -buffers O -tried O -except O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -in O -which O -the O -response O -to O -increasing O -NADH O -was O -sigmoidal O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphate O -inhibition O -of O -FDP O -binding O -is O -not O -a O -general O -property O -of O -streptococcal O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -since O -the O -FDP0 O -. O -5V O -value O -for O -S O -. O -faecalis O -8043 O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -not O -increased O -by O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -FDP O -concentration O -( O -12 O -to O -15 O -mM O -) O -found O -in O -S O -. O -lactis O -cells O -during O -logarithmic O -growth O -on O -a O -high O -- O -carbohydrate O -( O -3 O -% O -lactose O -) O -medium O -would O -be O -adequate O -to O -give O -almost O -complete O -activation O -of O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -even O -if O -the O -high O -FDP0 O -. O -5V O -value O -found O -in O -90 O -mM O -phosphate B-Chemical -were O -similar O -to O -the O -FDP O -requirement O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -modification O -of O -mitochondrial O -pyridine O -dinucleotide O -transhydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Difference O -spectra O -of O -tryosyl O -residues O -obtained O -on O -denaturation O -of O -tropomycosin O -with O -urea B-Chemical -or O -guanidinium O -chloride B-Chemical -indicate O -that O -strong O -hydrophobic O -environments O -exist O -in O -the O -native O -coiled O -- O -coil O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -cobalt B-Chemical -myoglobins O -and O -hemoglobins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -dependence O -of O -the O -electron O -paramagnetic O -resonance O -( O -EPR O -) O -spectrum O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -cobaltous O -porphyrin O -- O -containing O -myoglobin O -( O -CoMb O -) O -have O -been O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -CoHb O -( O -Glycera O -) O -has O -exhibited O -a O -very O -low O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -( O -p50 O -= O -7 O -X O -10 O -( O -2 O -) O -Torr O -at O -5 O -degrees O -) O -and O -a O -large O -dissociation O -rate O -constant O -( O -more O -than O -8 O -X O -10 O -( O -4 O -) O -S O -- O -1 O -at O -5 O -degrees O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -coenzyme O -in O -determining O -intracellular O -contnet O -of O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -enzymes O -was O -assessed O -by O -analyzing O -effects O -of O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -deficiency O -on O -the O -rapidly O -degraded O -, O -readily O -dissociable O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -5 O -) O -and O -the O -slowly O -degraded O -, O -nondissociable O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -of O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -was O -unchanged O -but O -much O -of O -this O -enzyme O -was O -present O -as O -an O -inactive O -apoenzyme O -which O -retained O -immunological O -reactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -characterization O -of O -a O -lipid O -A O -precursor O -produced O -by O -a O -mutant O -in O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mannooctulosonate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -precursor O -was O -isolated O -free O -from O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -, O -murein O -, O -and O -phospholipids O -by O -extraction O -of O -delipidated O -cells O -with O -90 O -% O -phenol B-Chemical -/ O -CHCL3 O -/ O -petroleum O -ether B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -lipid O -A O -, O -the O -precursor O -disaccharide O -lacks O -ester O -- O -linked O -12 O -: O -0 O -and O -14 O -: O -0 O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -KDO O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -structure O -of O -the O -precursor O -provides O -strong O -support O -for O -the O -conclusion O -that O -KDO O -incorporation O -occurs O -at O -an O -early O -stage O -in O -lipid O -A O -biosynthesis O -prior O -to O -the O -incorporation O -of O -ester O -- O -linked O -saturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -De O -novo O -alanine B-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -isolated O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deprived I-Chemical -rabbit O -myocardium O -. O - -aps B-category -Solubilization O -, O -purification O -, O -and O -some O -properties O -of O -an O -endogenous O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -- O -dependent O -protein O -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunochemical O -studies O -on O -the O -accumulation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -increase O -was O -analyzed O -by O -radioimmunochemical O -procedures O -and O -compared O -with O -the O -induction O -of O -GS O -by O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -( O -HC O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -Ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -facilitates O -GS O -accumulation O -largely O -by O -preventing O -degradation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -progressive O -accumulation O -of O -these O -templates O -does O -not O -result O -in O -an O -increased O -rate O -of O -GS O -synthesis O -unless O -Ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -is O -withdrawn O -from O -such O -cultures O -under O -suitable O -experimental O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -demonstrate O -that O -the O -increase O -in O -retinal O -GS O -elicited O -by O -Ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -is O -achieved O -through O -mechanisms O -which O -are O -quite O -different O -from O -those O -involved O -in O -the O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -induction O -of O -this O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -we O -had O -previously O -shown O -that O -ascorbate O -caused O -a O -decrease O -in O -levels O -of O -arylsulfatase O -A O -and O -B O -activities O -in O -normal O -chondrocyte O -cultures O -, O -the O -validity O -of O -the O -above O -relationship O -was O -examined O -by O -measuring O -the O -effect O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -on O -the O -biosynthesis O -and O -distribution O -of O -35S O -- O -labeled O -proteoglycans O -and O -arylsulfatase O -A O -and O -B O -activities O -in O -cell O -extracts O -of O -chondrocytes O -derived O -from O -normal O -and O -osteoarthritic O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -by O -which O -ristocetin O -induces O -platelet O -agglutination O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -von O -Willebrand O -factor O -was O -studied O -by O -chemically O -altering O -ristocetin O -and O -a O -similar O -antibiotic O -, O -vancomycin B-Chemical -, O -by O -reaction O -with O -a O -water O -- O -soluble O -carbodiimide O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -75 O -. O - -aps B-category -Reacting O -vancomycin B-Chemical -with O -the O -water O -- O -soluble O -carbodiimide O -resulted O -in O -alteration O -of O -phenolic O -groups O -and O -permanent O -conversion O -of O -the O -carboxyl O -to O -a O -neutral O -derivative O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -rates O -were O -measured O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffered O -, O -distilled O -water O -and O -in O -natural O -waters O -where O -tempteratures O -of O -10 O -degrees O -, O -20 O -degrees O -, O -and O -28 O -degrees O -C O -. O -and O -pH O -values O -of O -5 O -. O -94 O -, O -7 O -. O -00 O -, O -and O -8 O -. O -42 O -were O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -various O -anticoagulants O -employed O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -was O -most O -suitable O -for O -studying O -platelet O -migration O -. O - -aps B-category -Intestinal O -absorption O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tocopherol I-Chemical -in O -the O -unanesthetized O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tocopherol I-Chemical -intestinal O -absorption O -was O -studied O -in O -the O -unanesthetized O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -taurocholate O -concentration O -in O -the O -micellar O -infusate O -up O -to O -15 O -mM O -did O -not O -increase O -the O -rate O -of O -absorption O -of O -the O -vitamin O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -in O -the O -perfusate O -increased O -the O -absorption O -rate O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tocopherol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -experiments O -indicate O -that O -micellar O -expansion O -with O -polyunsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -interferes O -with O -the O -absorption O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tocopherol I-Chemical -and O -may O -result O -in O -deficiency O -of O -the O -vitamin O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -the O -discovery O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -urolithiasis O -in O -rats O -after O -end O -- O -to O -- O -side O -portacaval O -anastomosis O -( O -PCA O -) O -, O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -metabolism O -was O -studied O -in O -these O -animals O -and O -in O -appropriate O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -14C O -- O -uric O -specifically O -labeled O -at O -position O -6 O -( O -6 O -- O -14C O -- O -ua O -) O -was O -infused O -intravenously O -and O -the O -exhalation O -of O -14CO2 O -was O -used O -to O -calculate O -a O -hepatic O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -clearance O -, O -it O -decreased O -from O -2 O -. O -14 O -to O -0 O -. O -97 O -ml O -/ O -min O -/ O -100 O -gm O -despite O -a O -normal O -content O -of O -hepatic O -uricase O -activity O -as O -measured O -in O -liver O -homogenates O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -supersaturation O -of O -the O -urine O -with O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -after O -PCA O -may O -be O -expected O -to O -contribute O -to O -the O -formation O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -urolithiasis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phosphoenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyruvate I-Chemical -branchpoint O -in O -adult O -Hymenolepis O -diminuta O -( O -Cestoda O -) O -: O -a O -study O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -and O -phosphoenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyruvate I-Chemical -carboxykinase O -. O - -aps B-category -PK O -activity O -at O -Vmax O -and O -Km O -levels O -of O -PEP O -was O -unaffected O -by O -ATP O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -FDP4 O -, O -OR O -H O -+ O -ions O -, O -but O -was O -inhibited O -by O -50 O -% O -at O -6 O -. O -3 O -mM O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -and O -30 O -mM O -HCO3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Activities O -of O -anaplerotic O -enzymes O -and O -acetyl O -coenzyme O -A O -carboxylase O -in O -biotin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -Bacillus O -megaterium O -. O - -aps B-category -Choline O -, O -a O -component O -of O -the O -wall O -teichoic O -acid O -of O -Streptococcus O -pneumoniae O -, O -was O -converted O -to O -cytidine O -diphosphocholine O -via O -choline B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -by O -enzymes O -which O -were O -identified O -in O -cell O -- O -free O -extracts O -of O -the O -pneumococcus O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -studies O -gave O -an O -apparent O -Michaelis O -constant O -( O -Km O -) O -for O -ATP O -of O -I O -mM O -, O -and O -for O -choline B-Chemical -of O -0 O -. O -19 O -mM O -, O -with O -Vmax O -values O -of O -3 O -nmol O -min O -- O -1 O -( O -mg O -protein O -) O -- O -1 O -and O -0 O -. O -5 O -nmol O -min O -- O -1 O -( O -mg O -protein O -) O -- O -1 O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Biological O -effects O -of O -feeding O -graded O -levels O -of O -alkali B-Chemical -treated O -soybean O -protein O -containing O -lysinoalanine O -( O -N O -epsilon O -- O -2 O -- O -/ O -carboxyethyl O -/ O -- O -L O -- O -lysine O -) O -in O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -and O -Wistar O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -12 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -boy O -with O -a O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -secreting I-Chemical -pheochromocytoma O -that O -caused O -hypertension O -resistant O -to O -oral O -alpha O -adrenergic O -blockade O -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequently O -, O -alpha O -methyl O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -, O -the O -rate O -- O -limiting O -enzyme O -in O -catecholamine B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -, O -controlled O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -blood O -pressure O -and O -was O -associated O -with O -reduction O -in O -total O -urinary O -catecholamine B-Chemical -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -confirm O -that O -alpha O -methyl O -tyrosine B-Chemical -inhibited O -in O -vivo O -synthesis O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -of O -the O -children O -are O -alive O -but O -have O -had O -relapses O -at O -least O -once O -during O -the O -course O -of O -tapering O -the O -dosage O -of O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -alkali B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -newborn O -dogs O -with O -mechanically O -fixed O -ventilation O -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -infusion O -of O -hypertonic O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -into O -an O -animal O -or O -infant O -whose O -ventilation O -is O -fixed O -thus O -results O -in O -a O -less O -than O -predicted O -elevation O -of O -arterial O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -variance O -confirms O -previous O -findings O -that O -, O -although O -the O -main O -factors O -of O -diluent O -type O -, O -diluent O -concentration O -, O -the O -absence O -and O -presence O -of O -both O -magnesium B-Chemical -stearate O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -lauryl O -sulphate O -, O -were O -highly O -significant O -, O -the O -existence O -of O -interactions O -between O -the O -factors O -prevented O -exact O -quantitative O -prediction O -of O -the O -influence O -of O -each O -factor O -. O - -aps B-category -Physical O -mixtures O -and O -melts O -of O -various O -compositions O -of O -chlorpropamide B-Chemical -and O -urea B-Chemical -have O -been O -prepared O -. O - -aps B-category -Greater O -concentrations O -of O -chlorpropamide B-Chemical -produced O -solid O -solutions O -of O -urea B-Chemical -in O -chlorpropamide B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -solid O -solution O -formation O -did O -not O -occur O -at O -compositions O -less O -than O -89 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Caffeine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenacetin I-Chemical -interaction O -in O -the O -rat O -: O -effects O -on O -absorption O -, O -metabolism O -and O -locomotor O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -salicylic O -acid O -and O -indomethacin B-Chemical -were O -equally O -effective O -in O -inhibiting O -aggregation O -of O -plasma O -- O -free O -rabbit O -platelets O -induced O -by O -carrageenan B-Chemical -and O -by O -thrombin O -. O - -aps B-category -Blockade O -of O -aggregation O -required O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -inhibitors O -in O -the O -platelet O -preparation O -, O -whereas O -blockade O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthetase O -remained O -even O -when O -the O -inhibitors O -were O -washed O -out O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -aggregation O -was O -inhibited O -by O -two O -phospholipase O -A2 O -inhibitors O -, O -bromophenacyl O -bromide B-Chemical -and O -mepacrine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -between O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -various O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agents O -and O -some O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -tranquillizers O -. O - -aps B-category -Pimozide B-Chemical -and O -some O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -( O -chlordiazepoxide O -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -flurazepam B-Chemical -) O -hardly O -influenced O -the O -central O -hypotensive O -response O -to O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Virtually O -the O -same O -type O -of O -antagonism O -was O -observed O -in O -conscious O -, O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -where O -both O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -were O -injected O -intravenously O -. O - -aps B-category -Paracetamol B-Chemical -metabolism O -following O -overdosage O -: O -application O -of O -high O -performance O -liquid O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Piperazic O -acid O -and O -related O -compounds O -as O -inhibitors O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -rat O -brain O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -local O -anaesthetic O -activity O -of O -metiamide O -, O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -X O -- O -ray O -structures O -of O -9 O -" O -opiate O -" O -drugs O -which O -exhibit O -a O -range O -of O -pharmacological O -activity O -have O -been O -examined O -in O -detail O -leading O -to O -the O -theory O -that O -one O -of O -the O -reasons O -why O -the O -enkephalins O -and O -related O -peptides O -possess O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -activity O -is O -because O -they O -have O -a O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -and O -hence O -a O -" O -tyramine O -" O -, O -residue O -at O -the O -amino B-Chemical -terminal O -position O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -E1 O -, O -E2 O -, O -F1alpha O -and O -F2alpha O -on O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileal O -and O -colonic O -peristalis O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -consistent O -with O -a O -role O -for O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -in O -peristalsis O -. O - -aps B-category -Sensitive O -and O -specific O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatographic O -methods O -were O -developed O -for O -the O -analysis O -of O -mexiletine B-Chemical -and O -its O -metabolites O -in O -urine O -of O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -40 O -- O -60 O -degrees O -) O -and O -methanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloroform I-Chemical -( O -9 O -: O -1 O -) O -for O -extracting O -neutral O -and O -acidic O -cannabinoids O -from O -cannabis B-Chemical -resin O -; O -( O -b O -) O -the O -decomposition O -patterns O -of O -the O -resulting O -solutions O -under O -various O -storage O -conditions O -, O -and O -( O -c O -) O -the O -cannabinoid O -profile O -of O -a O -cross O -section O -through O -a O -block O -of O -cannabis B-Chemical -resin O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -ultraviolet O -spectrophotometric O -method O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -in O -pharmaceutical O -preparations O -has O -been O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -the O -concentration O -of O -lactose O -, O -magnesium B-Chemical -stearate O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -lauryl O -sulphate O -in O -the O -in O -vitro O -dissolution O -and O -the O -drug O -content O -of O -hard O -gelatin O -capsules O -filled O -under O -conditions O -which O -result O -in O -a O -maximum O -tapped O -bulk O -density O -, O -has O -been O -evaluated O -by O -a O -factorially O -- O -designed O -experiment O -. O - -aps B-category -Granules O -prepared O -from O -blends O -of O -lactose O -with O -sulphanilamide O -and O -with O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -were O -also O -examined O -for O -lactose O -distribution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -on O -the O -antinociceptive O -action O -of O -analgesics O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -inhibits O -contractions O -of O -the O -vas O -deferens O -. O - -aps B-category -Indomethacin B-Chemical -in O -low O -concentration O -potentiates O -the O -actions O -of O -some O -spasmogens O -on O -the O -isolated O -oestrous O -rat O -uterus O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -concentrations O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -were O -found O -to O -potentiate O -bradykinin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contractions O -in O -the O -uterus O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -little O -as O -. O -14 O -mcM O -indomethacin B-Chemical -potentiated O -uterine O -contractions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -that O -this O -effect O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -may O -involve O -the O -reduction O -of O -tissue O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -is O -being O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stability O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -acetate O -in O -aqueous O -cetomacrogol O -solutions O -: O -a O -spectroscopic O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -aqueous O -solubility O -and O -pKa O -values O -of O -estrogens B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -differences O -in O -pKa O -values O -resulted O -only O -when O -conjugated O -unsaturation O -was O -added O -into O -the O -B O -ring O -of O -estrone O -or O -estradiol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Microencapsulation O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -by O -spray O -polycondensation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -isopilocarpine O -, O -an O -epimer O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -, O -and O -of O -pilocarpinic O -acid O -, O -a O -hydrolytic O -degradation O -product O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -, O -was O -established O -and O -all O -three O -substances O -were O -assayed O -in O -various O -commercial O -ophthalmic O -formulations O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -by O -13C O -- O -Fourier O -transform O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -normalized O -intensities O -were O -then O -related O -to O -those O -of O -a O -reference O -solution O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -, O -thereby O -eliminating O -any O -factor O -arising O -from O -variability O -of O -13C O -- O -relaxation O -times O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -procedure O -, O -estimated O -as O -accurate O -to O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -% O -, O -constitutes O -the O -first O -comprehensive O -analytical O -method O -to O -differentiate O -between O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -and O -its O -degradation O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -Recording O -pH O -method O -of O -characterizing O -composition O -and O -monitoring O -dissolution O -profile O -of O -an O -anhydride O -- O -acid O -copolymer O -and O -its O -salt B-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -the O -extent O -of O -copolymer O -alkaline O -salt B-Chemical -conversion O -was O -inversely O -proportional O -to O -the O -initial O -maximum O -pH O -increase O -observed O -during O -the O -first O -stage O -of O -dissolution O -of O -these O -salts O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -values O -agree O -reasonably O -well O -with O -those O -obtained O -in O -the O -alcohol B-Chemical -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydrolysis O -of O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -involves O -a O -two O -- O -step O -sequential O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Recyclization O -of O -the O -intermediate O -to O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -occurs O -at O -pH O -values O -above O -the O -pKa O -of O -the O -intermediate O -, O -in O -the O -pH O -region O -where O -the O -amino B-Chemical -group O -of O -the O -intermediate O -is O -not O -protonated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydrolysis O -involves O -an O -uncatalyzed O -reaction O -, O -specific O -acid O -- O -base O -catalysis O -, O -and O -general O -acid O -- O -base O -catalysis O -for O -acetate O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffers O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -and O -rapid O -procedure O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -aminophylline B-Chemical -, O -amobarbital O -, O -and O -ephedrine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -in O -a O -capsule O -preparation O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydrolytic O -degradation O -of O -pirbuterol O -was O -investigated O -under O -saturated O -oxygen B-Chemical -conditions O -over O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -pH O -values O -and O -at O -different O -temperatures O -. O - -aps B-category -Physicochemical O -properties O -of O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibacterials O -: O -deuterium O -solvent O -isotope O -effect O -on O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -degradation O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -solvent O -isotope O -effect O -( O -kH2O O -/ O -kD2O O -) O -of O -1 O -. O -53 O -below O -pH O -( O -pD O -) O -6 O -supports O -the O -mechanism O -of O -water O -- O -catalyzed O -rearrangement O -of O -undissociated O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -to O -benzylpenicillenic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -side O -- O -chain O -dependency O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -reaction O -of O -penicillins B-Chemical -with O -bases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -orally O -and O -intravenously O -administered O -doses O -of O -polyethyleneimine O -were O -observed O -in O -18 O -chloralose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urethan I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anesthetized I-Chemical -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Either O -oral O -or O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -polyethyleneimine O -produced O -no O -detectable O -changes O -in O -the O -lead B-Chemical -II O -ECG O -but O -was O -associated O -with O -marked O -transient O -reductions O -in O -both O -mean O -and O -pulsatile O -arterial O -blood O -pressures O -. O - -aps B-category -Motility O -response O -to O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -amphetamine B-Chemical -during O -chronic O -inhibition O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -or O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Association O -of O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -propranolol B-Chemical -levels O -in O -canine O -Purkinje O -fibers O -with O -antiarrhythmic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -minimum O -effective O -tissue O -content O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -that O -consistently O -reversed O -a O -sustained O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -ventrivular O -tachycardia O -in O -vivo O -after O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -doses O -producing O -Purkinje O -fiber O -contents O -of O -less O -than O -6 O -. O -7 O -micron O -g O -/ O -g O -failed O -to O -revert O -the O -arrhythmia O -but O -did O -ponotropic O -responses O -to O -0 O -. O -5 O -micron O -g O -/ O -kg O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Purkinje O -fibers O -this O -concentration O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -depressed O -the O -rate O -of O -phase O -4 O -depolarization O -previously O -enhanced O -by O -ouabain B-Chemical -2 O -. O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -. O -Propranolol B-Chemical -, O -1 O -. O -7 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -, O -did O -not O -alter O -membrane O -responsiveness O -and O -only O -slightly O -accelerated O -repolarization O -at O -5 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -indicated O -that O -the O -initial O -direct O -action O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -reverting O -a O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -ventricular O -tachycardia O -to O -a O -sinus O -rhythm O -in O -the O -dog O -is O -depression O -of O -automaticity O -. O - -aps B-category -Detection O -of O -light O -- O -induced O -changes O -of O -intracellular O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -Limulus O -ventral O -photoreceptors O -using O -arsenazo O -III O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -evidence O -suggests O -that O -there O -is O -a O -rise O -of O -intracellular O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -when O -a O -Limulus O -ventral O -photoreceptor O -is O -light O -- O -adapted O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Arsenazo O -III O -was O -found O -to O -be O -sensitive O -, O -selective O -and O -rapid O -enough O -to O -measure O -light O -- O -induced O -changes O -of O -intracellular O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -Limulus O -ventral O -photoreceptor O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -studied O -using O -the O -cat O -choroid O -plexus O -isolated O -in O -a O -chamber O -in O -situ O -. O - -aps B-category -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -were O -countered O -by O -changes O -in O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -the O -fluid O -produced O -by O -the O -plexus O -or O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -transport O -which O -returned O -c O -. O -s O -. O -f O -. O - -aps B-category -bicarbonate B-Chemical -was O -increased O -and O -decreased O -when O -c O -. O -s O -. O -f O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -indicate O -that O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -c O -. O -s O -. O -f O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -antagonism O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -arachidonate O -fever O -in O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -Arachidonate O -fever O -was O -inhibited O -by O -intraventricular O -injection O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -by O -the O -simultaneous O -intraventricular O -injection O -of O -either O -of O -the O -two O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -antagonists O -SC O -19220 O -or O -HR O -546 O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -show O -that O -a O -derivative O -of O -arachidonic O -acid O -other O -than O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -is O -pyrogenic O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -kinetic O -aspects O -of O -renal O -tubular O -acidification O -were O -studied O -in O -proximal O -and O -distal O -tubules O -of O -the O -rat O -kidney O -by O -combining O -stationary O -microperfusion O -methods O -and O -continuous O -measurements O -of O -luminal B-Chemical -pH O -changes O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -or O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -buffers O -by O -means O -of O -antimony O -electrodes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -experiments O -, O -the O -rates O -of O -tubular O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -and O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -acidification O -( O -H O -ion O -secretion O -) O -were O -proportional O -to O -luminal B-Chemical -buffer O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -observation O -that O -both O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -acidification O -are O -similarly O -affected O -by O -these O -experimental O -manoeuvres O -, O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -H O -ion O -secretion O -plays O -a O -key O -role O -in O -both O -transport O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -importance O -of O -other O -ionic O -movements O -that O -might O -contribute O -to O -pH O -changes O -of O -luminal B-Chemical -buffers O -( O -chloride B-Chemical -inflow O -into O -the O -lumen O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -diffusion O -across O -the O -epithelium O -) O -was O -assessed O -but O -found O -to O -be O -minor O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenomenological O -descriptions O -of O -the O -Root O -effect O -( O -pH O -- O -dependent O -O2 O -capacity O -of O -fish O -haemoglobin O -) O -, O -of O -the O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -production O -in O -the O -gas O -gland O -and O -of O -the O -geometry O -of O -the O -rete O -mirabile O -are O -incorporated O -in O -the O -general O -counter O -- O -current O -equations O -to O -give O -a O -comprehensive O -model O -of O -gas O -filling O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -model O -reproduces O -quite O -accurately O -experimental O -values O -for O -gas O -- O -filling O -rate O -in O -eel O -, O -together O -with O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -CO2 O -and O -O2 O -concentrations O -measured O -at O -the O -rete O -end O -- O -points O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -NMR O -signals O -from O -( O -31 O -) O -P O -( O -the O -naturally O -occurring O -phosphorus B-Chemical -) O -is O -weak O -, O -and O -signal O -averaging O -is O -required O -. O - -aps B-category -Changing O -external O -pH O -, O -either O -by O -alteration O -of O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -or O -CO2 O -level O -of O -the O -Ringer O -solution O -, O -caused O -pHi O -to O -change O -by O -a O -mean O -38 O -- O -7 O -% O -of O -the O -external O -pH O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -size O -of O -the O -pHi O -changes O -occurring O -on O -alteration O -of O -the O -CO2 O -level O -at O -both O -constant O -external O -pH O -and O -constant O -external O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -and O -on O -removal O -of O -external O -NH3 O -and O -NH O -+ O -4 O -, O -suggests O -a O -non O -- O -CO2 O -buffering O -power O -of O -45m O -- O -equiv O -H O -+ O -ions O -/ O -pH O -unit O -per O -litre O -and O -a O -constant O -- O -CO2 O -buffering O -power O -of O -58 O -m O -- O -equiv O -H O -+ O -ions O -/ O -pH O -unit O -per O -litre O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -on O -DC O -potential O -changes O -recorded O -from O -the O -carotid O -sinus O -nerve O -were O -studied O -in O -vitro O -using O -carotid O -bodies O -and O -associated O -sinus O -nerves O -removed O -from O -anaesthetized O -cats O -and O -rabbits O -. O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -carotid O -sinus O -nerve O -was O -led O -into O -an O -adjoining O -compartment O -, O -containing O -lightweight O -mineral O -oil O -, O -for O -recording O -DC O -potential O -changes O -with O -chlorided O -silver B-Chemical -electrodes O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -same O -preparations O -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -50 O -- O -100 O -mug O -) O -and O -NaCN O -( O -10 O -- O -20 O -mug O -) O -caused O -depolarizations O -of O -the O -DC O -potential O -, O -effects O -that O -have O -been O -described O -by O -others O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -and O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -antagonist O -droperidol B-Chemical -( O -10 O -- O -25 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -. O -) O -. O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -Interacting O -effects O -of O -temperature O -and O -extracellular O -calcium B-Chemical -on O -the O -spontaneous O -release O -of O -transmitter O -at O -the O -frog O -neuromuscular O -junction O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -if O -the O -steady O -- O -state O -position O -of O -[ O -Ca O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -] O -( O -i O -) O -is O -previously O -raised O -by O -an O -increased O -efflux O -from O -intracellular O -stores O -( O -produced O -by O -elevated O -temperature O -or O -theophylline B-Chemical -pre O -- O -treatment O -) O -, O -increased O -influx O -causes O -a O -rise O -in O -both O -[ O -Ca O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -] O -( O -i O -) O -and O -in O -m O -. O -e O -. O -p O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -observations O -on O -an O -ether B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -O I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxidase I-Chemical -, O -formerly O -called O -alkyl O -etherase O -, O -from O -liver O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -a O -suitably O -reinforced O -the O -enzyme O -in O -solution O -forms O -citrate B-Chemical -from O -added O -ethyl O -ether B-Chemical -, O -as O -it O -does O -in O -membranous O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -there O -were O -some O -similarities O -in O -stability O -with O -enzymes O -dealing O -with O -protozoal O -plasmalogens O -, O -or O -with O -lanosterol O -or O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -we O -were O -led O -to O -explore O -these O -substrates O -in O -detail O -, O -with O -negative O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -striking O -differences O -in O -the O -biological O -activity O -of O -enantiomeric O -pairs O -were O -noted O -for O -D O -- O -( O -R O -) O -- B-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -methylenedioxyphenyl O -) O -succinimide O -hydrochloride O -( O -2 O -) O -vs O -. O -L O -- O -( O -S O -) O -- O -3 O -and O -D O -- O -( O -R O -) O -- B-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -isopropylidenedioxyphenyl O -) O -succinimide O -( O -4 O -) O -vs O -. O -L O -- O -( O -S O -) O -- O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Reaction O -of O -( O -2R O -) O -- O -11 O -with O -the O -appropriate O -amine B-Chemical -( O -diethylamine O -, O -piperidine O -, O -or O -piperazine B-Chemical -) O -afforded O -the O -2S O -isomers O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -and O -12 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Subjecting O -15 O -to O -hydrogenolysis O -, O -tosylation O -, O -and O -displacement O -with O -the O -appropriate O -amine B-Chemical -afforded O -2R O -isomers O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -and O -12 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -are O -interpreted O -in O -terms O -of O -a O -similar O -conformational O -distribution O -of O -aminoalkyl O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -and O -aromatic O -functional O -groups O -of O -the O -( O -S O -) O -- O -benzodioxans O -and O -( O -R O -) O -- B-Chemical -epinephrine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -series O -of O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -derivatives O -having O -furan O -nuclei O -fused O -to O -the O -10 O -, O -11 O -- O -vinylene O -bridge O -has O -been O -prepared O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -- O -methyl O -- O -4 O -- O -( O -1 O -- O -methyl O -- O -8H O -- O -dibenzo O -[ O -a O -, O -e O -] O -furo O -[ O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -c O -] O -cyclohepten O -- O -8 O -- O -ylidene O -) O -piperidine O -( O -7 O -) O -, O -1 O -- O -methyl O -- O -4 O -- O -( O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -dihydro O -- O -1 O -- O -oxo O -- O -8H O -- O -[ O -3 O -, O -4 O -: O -6 O -, O -7 O -] O -cycloheptal O -[ O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -c O -] O -furan O -- O -8 O -- O -ylidene O -) O -piperidine O -( O -10 O -) O -, O -and O -its O -reduction O -product O -11 O -retained O -the O -peripheral O -anticholinergic O -activity O -of O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -metiamide O -( O -2a O -) O -isosteric O -replacement O -of O -thione O -sulfur O -( O -= O -S O -) O -by O -carbonyl O -oxygen B-Chemical -( O -= O -O O -) O -or O -imino O -nitrogen B-Chemical -( O -= O -NH O -) O -affords O -the O -urea B-Chemical -2c O -and O -guanidine O -2d O -which O -are O -antagonists O -of O -decreased O -potency O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -is O -slightly O -more O -active O -than O -metiamide O -in O -vivo O -as O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -and O -has O -clinical O -use O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -peptic O -ulcer O -and O -associated O -gastrointestinal O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -highest O -activity O -in O -these O -series O -was O -observed O -with O -compounds O -dihalogenated O -at O -C4 O -and O -C5 O -, O -their O -effect O -on O -myocardial O -beta O -- O -receptors O -being O -comparable O -to O -that O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -complications O -of O -autonomic O -dysreflexia O -result O -from O -a O -sudden O -marked O -rise O -in O -blood O -pressure O -, O -which O -may O -be O -severe O -enough O -to O -rupture O -single O -or O -multiple O -cerebral O -blood O -vessels O -or O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -considerable O -increase O -in O -intracranial O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -dilution O -ratio O -of O -hemoglobin O -became O -more O -than O -50 O -per O -cent O -and O -high O -flow O -rate O -was O -required O -, O -however O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -transfer O -ratio O -decreased O -remarkably O -on O -account O -of O -inadequate O -oxygen B-Chemical -delivery O -and O -imparied O -venous O -return O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -and O -intracellular O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -present O -it O -is O -obvious O -that O -intracellular O -pH O -is O -a O -major O -regulator O -of O -the O -cellular O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -but O -the O -precise O -relationship O -between O -these O -two O -is O -still O -uncertain O -. O - -aps B-category -Many O -experiments O -do O -demonstrate O -that O -the O -extracellular O -metabolic O -alkalosis O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -depletion O -is O -accompanied O -by O -a O -decrease O -in O -skeletal O -muscle O -pH O -in O -rat O -, O -rabbit O -, O -and O -probably O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -on O -cell O -pH O -appears O -to O -be O -independent O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolic O -and O -physiologic O -consequences O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -alterations O -in O -cell O -pH O -have O -yet O -to O -be O -fully O -elucidated O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -ammonia B-Chemical -production O -appears O -to O -be O -intimately O -related O -to O -potassium B-Chemical -homeostasis O -, O -and O -the O -two O -may O -comprise O -the O -components O -of O -a O -closed O -loop O -regulatory O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increase O -in O -ammoniagenesis O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -decrease O -potassium B-Chemical -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -depletion O -increases O -rat O -renal O -cortical O -ammonia B-Chemical -production O -by O -altering O -metabolism O -in O -fashion O -identical O -to O -metabolic O -acidosis O -, O -but O -there O -is O -no O -convincing O -evidence O -that O -both O -processes O -are O -mediated O -by O -similar O -changes O -in O -either O -cellular O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -or O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -loading I-Chemical -apparently O -affects O -different O -portions O -of O -the O -renal O -tubule O -than O -depletion O -does O -, O -but O -the O -specific O -mechanism O -and O -physiologic O -significance O -of O -the O -different O -sites O -of O -action O -is O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -experimental O -data O -a O -mathematical O -model O -of O -relationships O -between O -physiological O -parameters O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -content O -in O -the O -atmosphere O -and O -exercises O -has O -been O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -probable O -law O -of O -the O -dynamic O -and O -physiologically O -optimal O -control O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -content O -in O -the O -space O -cabin O -atmosphere O -has O -been O -advanced O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Electrolyte O -content O -in O -the O -blood O -of O -animals O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -ion O -transport O -in O -the O -erythrocytes O -under O -the O -action O -of O -a O -constant O -magnetic O -field O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -transport O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -through O -membranes O -of O -red O -blood O -cells O -was O -examined O -in O -in O -bitro O -experiments O -using O -a O -CMF O -of O -4500 O -oersted O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -an O -hour O -exposure O -the O -most O -distinct O -changes O -were O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -plasma O -and O -its O -decrease O -in O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -exposure O -did O -not O -influence O -the O -transport O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -may O -be O -associated O -with O -a O -transient O -decrease O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -in O -the O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -copper B-Chemical -ion O -with O -some O -food O -dyes O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -and O -other O -anti O -- O -psychotic O -drugs O -on O -mouse O -striatal O -tyramines O -. O - -aps B-category -Functional O -significance O -of O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -: O -aromatic O -keto O -acid O -aminotransferases O -in O -rat O -brain O -and O -liver O -: O -competition O -for O -tryptophan B-Chemical -between O -aminotransferases O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Bioactivation O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -, O -chloroform B-Chemical -and O -bromotrichloromethane O -: O -role O -of O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -cations O -on O -in O -vitro O -bilirubin B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -the O -rat O -intestinal O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -feeding O -on O -renal O -function O -, O -gross O -and O -microscopic O -morphology O -, O -and O -constituent O -content O -was O -determined O -in O -alcohol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fed I-Chemical -rats O -and O -compared O -to O -similar O -studies O -in O -isocalorically O -fed O -animals O -ingesting O -the O -same O -diet O -except O -that O -dextrimaltose O -was O -isocalorically O -substituted O -for O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -DNA O -content O -per O -kidney O -was O -similar O -for O -alcohol B-Chemical -and O -isocalorically O -fed O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -the O -diphosphonate O -ethane O -- O -I O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -I O -, O -I O -- O -diphosphonate O -( O -EHDP O -) O -on O -hemoglobin O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -diabetic O -and O -healthy O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -cases O -of O -infection O -, O -including O -two O -fatal O -ones O -, O -caused O -by O -pneumococci O -relatively O -resistant O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -treatment O -with O -heparin B-Chemical -and O -peritoneal O -dialysis O -the O -symptoms O -regressed O -completely O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -studies O -of O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -regulation O -in O -Asperillus O -nidulans O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -constitutive O -mutant O -at O -the O -regulatory O -gene O -for O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -, O -nir O -Ac O -1 O -, O -rapidly O -lost O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -activity O -upon O -carbon B-Chemical -starvation O -. O - -aps B-category -Cell O -free O -extracts O -from O -wildtype O -cells O -grown O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -nitrate B-Chemical -, O -rapidly O -lost O -their O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -activity O -when O -incubated O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -. O -NADPH B-Chemical -prevented O -this O -loss O -of O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Pentose O -Phosphate O -Pathway O -mutant O -, O -pppB O -- O -1 O -, O -had O -a O -lower O -NADPH B-Chemical -concentration O -compared O -with O -the O -wildtype O -grown O -under O -the O -same O -conditions O -and O -cell O -free O -extracts O -lost O -their O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -activity O -more O -rapidly O -than O -the O -wildtype O -. O - -aps B-category -Local O -anesthesia O -: O -the O -interaction O -between O -phospholipids O -and O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -and O -practolol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ether B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -water I-Chemical -partition O -coefficient O -, O -solubility O -in O -water O -, O -and O -half O -- O -life O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -were O -also O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -37 O -nitrogenous O -pesticides O -, O -belonging O -to O -the O -chemical O -groups O -of O -amides O -, O -carbamates O -and O -ureas O -, O -were O -nitrosated O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -already O -known O -exception O -of O -ethylenethiourea O -( O -ETU O -) O -, O -no O -pesticide O -produced O -enhanced O -numbers O -of O -micronuclei O -in O -mouse O -bone O -- O -marrow O -erythrocytes O -when O -fed O -together O -with O -nitrite B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Variable O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -mexiletine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Electrophysiological O -differentiation O -of O -oxytocin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -vasopressin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -secreting I-Chemical -neurones O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anterior O -amygdala O -dopamine B-Chemical -sensitive O -adenylate O -cyclase O -: O -point O -of O -action O -of O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Stress O -- O -induced O -alterations O -of O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -levels O -in O -brain O -: O -effects O -of O -centrally O -acting O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -were O -pretreated O -with O -various O -centrally O -acting O -drugs O -before O -being O -stressed O -in O -order O -to O -study O -the O -involvement O -of O -specific O -neurotransmitters O -in O -the O -stress O -- O -induced O -rise O -of O -cGMP B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -, O -antazoline O -, O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -, O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -bunitrolol O -, O -and O -indomethacin B-Chemical -had O -no O -significant O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -suggest O -that O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -, O -or O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -are O -not O -involved O -in O -the O -elevation O -of O -cGMP B-Chemical -levels O -elicited O -by O -acute O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Flunitrazepam B-Chemical -( O -RO O -5 O -- O -4200 O -) O -as O -an O -inductor O -of O -anesthesia O -: O -our O -experience O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Physiological O -role O -of O -yeasts O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -+ O -and O -NADP O -+ O -- O -linked O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -+ O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -is O -involved O -in O -the O -oxidation O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -to O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -, O -and O -that O -when O -the O -pyruvate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -complex O -is O -repressed O -the O -NADP O -+ O -- O -linked O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -is O -operative O -as O -an O -alternative O -pathway O -from O -pyruvate B-Chemical -to O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -: O -pyruvate B-Chemical -leads O -to O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -leads O -to O -acetate O -leads O -to O -acetyl O -- O -Coa O -. O - -aps B-category -Short O -term O -adaptation O -experiments O -suggest O -that O -the O -regulation O -of O -the O -levels O -of O -the O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -- O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -+ O -takes O -place O -by O -the O -de O -novo O -synthesis O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -is O -frequently O -used O -to O -treat O -hypertension O -; O -in O -some O -patients O -, O -it O -depresses O -myocardial O -function O -as O -an O -adverse O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Timolol B-Chemical -showed O -negligible O -inhibition O -of O -the O -CoQ10 O -- O -enzyme O -, O -NADH O -- O -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -alprenolols O -showed O -inhibition O -which O -approached O -that O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -on O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -cerebral O -tyrosine B-Chemical -transaminase O -and O -on O -the O -level O -of O -cerebral O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -these O -actions O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -are O -opposite O -to O -those O -reported O -for O -secretin O -, O -cholecystokinin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pancreozymin I-Chemical -, O -and O -pentagastrin O -which O -may O -be O -mediated O -through O -increases O -in O -cyclic O -GMP O -, O -it O -appeared O -possible O -that O -the O -inhibitory O -actions O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -might O -be O -mediated O -through O -inhibition O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -, O -the O -enzyme O -that O -catalyzes O -the O -production O -of O -cyclic O -GMP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -effects O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -on O -the O -guanylate O -cyclase O -- O -cyclic O -GMP O -system O -of O -these O -tissues O -provide O -a O -possible O -explanation O -for O -some O -of O -the O -diverse O -effects O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -on O -these O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -bolus O -injections O -of O -procainamide B-Chemical -( O -PA O -) O -to O -study O -its O -pharmacokinetic O -behavior O -and O -to O -determine O -the O -effect O -of O -urinary O -pH O -upon O -renal O -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -describes O -the O -regional O -distribution O -of O -the O -enzyme O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -for O -two O -lines O -of O -mice O -( O -long O -- O -sleep O -and O -short O -- O -sleep O -) O -selectively O -bred O -for O -differences O -in O -sleep O -- O -time O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -regulation O -of O -the O -shape O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -dissociation O -curve O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -water O -convection O -per O -unit O -quantity O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumed O -decreased O -by O -a O -factor O -of O -about O -20 O -when O -the O -animal O -passed O -from O -hypoxic O -water O -at O -PO2 O -of O -72 O -torr O -to O -hyperoxic O -water O -at O -PO2 O -of O -697 O -torr O -. O - -aps B-category -Nevertheless O -steroid B-Chemical -treatment O -was O -not O -given O -because O -the O -patient O -had O -a O -peptic O -ulcer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -short O -- O -and O -long O -- O -term O -effects O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -differ O -both O -clinically O -and O -biochemically O -. O - -aps B-category -Tolerance O -also O -develops O -to O -the O -stimulating O -effect O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -on O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -turnover O -. O - -aps B-category -Dihydrofolate O -reductase O -: O -x O -- O -ray O -structure O -of O -the O -binary O -complex O -with O -methotrexate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -depression O -of O -a O -late O -outward O -current O -in O -snail O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -lowering O -the O -intracellular O -pH O -with O -extracellular O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -buffer O -had O -no O -measurable O -effect O -on O -the O -outward O -currents O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -distinct O -from O -an O -early O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -activating I-Chemical -role O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -entering O -during O -a O -depolarization O -leads O -, O -during O -a O -subsequent O -depolarization O -, O -to O -a O -depression O -of O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -activated I-Chemical -potassium B-Chemical -system O -that O -persists O -for O -many O -seconds O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -initial O -reperfusion O -with O -the O -appropriate O -pH O -provides O -an O -optimal O -milieu O -for O -restoration O -of O -cellular O -metabolism O -, O -counteracts O -the O -acidosis O -of O -ischemia O -, O -and O -improves O -postischemic O -left O -ventricular O -blood O -flow O -, O -distribution O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -, O -compliance O -, O -and O -performance O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -three O -dogs O -with O -Heidenhain O -pouches O -( O -HP O -) O -, O -gastric O -fistulas O -( O -GF O -) O -, O -and O -duodenal O -cannulas O -, O -acidification O -of O -the O -duodenum O -with O -0 O -. O -1N O -HC1 O -( O -5 O -ml O -/ O -minute O -) O -resulted O -in O -significant O -inhibition O -of O -GF O -output O -( O -preacidification O -, O -8 O -. O -66 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -58 O -mEq O -/ O -30 O -minutes O -; O -postacidification O -, O -5 O -. O -47 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -66 O -mEq O -/ O -30 O -minutes O -) O -and O -elevated O -peripheral O -venous O -blood O -levels O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -basal O -, O -226 O -+ O -/ O -- O -64 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -; O -peak O -, O -521 O -+ O -/ O -- O -168 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Per O -increment O -in O -peripheral O -blood O -serotonin B-Chemical -of O -1 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -, O -endogenous O -serotonin B-Chemical -inhibited O -54 O -. O -59 O -+ O -/ O -- O -12 O -. O -99 O -muEq O -/ O -hour O -and O -exogenous O -serotonin B-Chemical -inhibited O -46 O -. O -54 O -+ O -/ O -- O -10 O -. O -39 O -muEq O -/ O -hour O -, O -p O -greater O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -mesenteric O -venous O -infusions O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -significant O -amounts O -of O -immunoreactive O -serotonin B-Chemical -were O -found O -to O -escape O -hepatic O -inactivation O -; O -basal O -peripheral O -venous O -levels O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -233 O -+ O -/ O -- O -103 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -, O -increased O -to O -455 O -+ O -/ O -- O -127 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -at O -10 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -phthalate O -esters O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -other O -enzymes O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Uropharmacology O -: O -v O -. O -choline B-Chemical -esters O -and O -other O -parasympathomimetic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -cholinomimetic O -agents O -include O -muscarine B-Chemical -, O -muscarone O -, O -arecholine O -, O -and O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Permeability O -of O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -is O -restricted O -with O -respect O -to O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -involved O -in O -neurotransmission O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -is O -also O -thought O -to O -be O -a O -transmitter O -in O -the O -retina O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -hypoxia O -or O -hyperthermia O -, O -however O -, O -a O -compromise O -has O -to O -be O -reaches O -by O -the O -system O -between O -securing O -oxygen B-Chemical -availability O -or O -homeothermy O -, O -respectively O -and O -acid O -- O -base O -homeostasis O -of O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -the O -role O -of O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -/ O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -approximative O -estimation O -of O -the O -function O -micron O -( O -[ O -NH O -+ O -4 O -] O -) O -in O -cultures O -of O -E O -. O -coli O -ML O -30 O -had O -shown O -that O -bistability O -of O -the O -ammonium B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -ammonium B-Chemical -limited O -continuous O -cultures O -could O -be O -possible O -( O -BERGTER O -et O -al O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -the O -activity O -of O -one O -key O -enzyme O -of O -the O -two O -ammonia B-Chemical -assimilation O -systems O -was O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Change O -of O -rH2 O -depending O -on O -iron B-Chemical -oxidation O -by O -Thiobacillus O -ferrooxidans O -and O -on O -mineral O -acid O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -20 O -patients O -who O -were O -treated O -with O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -since O -at O -least O -one O -year O -the O -bilirubin B-Chemical -content O -, O -the O -activities O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -and O -alanine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminotransferase I-Chemical -, O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -and O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -as O -well O -as O -the O -retention O -of O -bromsulphalein O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -and O -characterization O -of O -L O -- O -serine O -: O -pyruvate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -rat O -liver O -cytosol O -and O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -administration O -of O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -causes O -a O -rapid O -elevation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -in O -both O -fractions O -, O -which O -is O -effectively O -prevented O -by O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -, O -actinomycin O -D O -and O -cortisone O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -rat O -liver O -serine O -: O -pyruvate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -is O -synthesized O -in O -the O -extra O -- O -mitochondrial O -site O -and O -transfered O -to O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -association O -of O -colloidal O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -with O -the O -casein O -micelles O -is O -the O -principal O -reason O -for O -hysteresis O -of O -the O -milk O -protein O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -after O -overcoming O -certain O -energy O -barriers O -it O -can O -be O -titrated O -( O -between O -pH O -5 O -. O -8 O -and O -5 O -. O -2 O -) O -, O -but O -then O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -is O -separated O -irreversibly O -from O -the O -micelles O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -activates O -the O -tripolyphosphatase O -of O -the O -muscle O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -yield O -of O -1 O -- O -asparaginase O -was O -obtained O -when O -casein O -hydrolysate O -and O -yeast O -extract O -were O -supplied O -as O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -sources O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purification O -procedure O -involved O -mechanical O -disruption O -of O -cells O -, O -precipitation O -with O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -chromatography O -on O -DEAE O -- O -and O -CM O -- O -cellulose O -. O - -aps B-category -Km O -was O -found O -to O -be O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -for O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -as O -a O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -guanylate O -cyclase O -of O -the O -particulate O -fraction O -can O -be O -activated O -by O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -ATP O -inhibits O -the O -enzyme O -activities O -of O -both O -fractions O -whereas O -cAMP B-Chemical -shows O -no O -influence O -on O -the O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -means O -of O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -particulate O -protein O -kinase O -72 O -to O -80 O -percent O -of O -the O -serine O -residues O -are O -phosphorylated O -. O - -aps B-category -Obesity O -, O -smoking B-Chemical -postoperative O -naso O -- O -gastric O -tube O -and O -postoperative O -wound O -infection O -were O -predisposing O -factors O -for O -p O -. O -p O -. O -c O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -initial O -blood O -flow O -was O -varied O -by O -variations O -of O -the O -arterial O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -of O -injections O -of O -papaverine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -During O -5 O -- O -6 O -hours O -of O -study O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -of O -fetal O -blood O -samples O -of O -all O -animals O -progressively O -declined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -closely O -similar O -magnitudes O -of O -these O -various O -reductions O -at O -all O -fetal O -sample O -sties O -indicate O -that O -the O -basic O -mechanisms O -leading O -to O -decreased O -oxygen B-Chemical -delivery O -lie O -outside O -the O -fetuses O -and O -are O -most O -likely O -due O -to O -decreased O -maternal O -blood O -flow O -to O -the O -uterus O -because O -of O -increased O -maternal O -sympathetic O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -studies O -carried O -out O -with O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -electrodes O -demonstrate O -that O -administering O -oxygen B-Chemical -to O -the O -mothers O -regularly O -increases O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -of O -fetal O -tissues O -but O -after O -a O -50 O -sec O -delay O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -purified O -free O -secretory O -component O -, O -secretory O -IgA O -and O -in O -vitro O -complexes O -between O -secretory O -component O -and O -IgA O -dimers O -were O -shown O -to O -be O -inactive O -in O -the O -gamma O -- O -glutamltranspeptidase O -assay O -, O -both O -in O -the O -absence O -and O -presence O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifteen O -patients O -had O -subjective O -improvement O -on O -atenolol B-Chemical -, O -two O -were O -unchanged O -and O -two O -felt O -worse O -( O -because O -of O -asthenia O -/ O -leg O -fatigue O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -the O -maximal O -heart O -rate O -decreased O -significantly O -more O -on O -100 O -mg O -atenolol B-Chemical -than O -on O -50 O -mg O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -individuals O -reported O -an O -increased O -feeling O -of O -well O -- O -being O -on O -atenolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mutant O -isozyme O -of O -erythrocyte O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -was O -found O -in O -a O -family O -of O -French O -- O -Canadian O -ancestry O -in O -association O -with O -hemolytic O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -on O -various O -experimental O -gastric O -and O -duodenal O -ulcers O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -either O -by O -the O -oral O -, O -intraduodenal O -, O -or O -intraperitoneal O -route O -this O -agent O -had O -a O -marked O -inhibitory O -activity O -on O -stress O -- O -, O -aspirin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -, O -indomethacin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -, O -or O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -gastric O -ulcers O -in O -rats O -and O -guinea O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -Pylorus O -- O -ligation O -uclers O -, O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -or O -serotonin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -gastric O -ulcers O -were O -little O -influenced O -by O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -analysis O -of O -gastric O -contents O -in O -pylorus O -- O -ligated O -rats O -after O -stressing O -indicated O -a O -decreased O -volume O -and O -acid O -output O -as O -the O -result O -of O -intraduodenal O -cimetidine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -in O -preventing O -gastric O -or O -duodenal O -ulcers O -is O -likely O -to O -occur O -by O -suppression O -of O -gastric O -secretory O -function O -in O -a O -duodenal O -ulcer O -model O -but O -by O -suppression O -of O -other O -unknown O -ulcerogenic O -factors O -in O -gastric O -ulcer O -models O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -no O -interference O -from O -the O -two O -commonly O -used O -decongestants O -, O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -and O -phenylpropanolamine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -, O -from O -the O -expectorant O -potassium B-Chemical -guaiacolsulfonate O -, O -from O -the O -preservative O -propyl O -paraben O -or O -from O -two O -other O -antihistamines O -, O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -and O -bromdiphenhydramine O -hydrochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -Methapyrilene O -hydrochloride O -interferes O -only O -with O -pyrilamine O -maleate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thyroid O -cold O -acclimation O -influences O -on O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -brown O -fat O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyperthyroxinism O -was O -induced O -by O -daily O -subcutaneous O -injections O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thyroxine I-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -for O -6 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -turnover O -increased O -during O -cold O -acclimation O -and O -hyperthyroxinism O -and O -decreased O -after O -thyroidectomy O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -conditions O -produced O -a O -change O -compared O -to O -controls O -in O -the O -apparent O -Km O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -for O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -myocytes O -were O -incubated O -in O -buffer O -containing O -either O -1 O -- O -14C O -- O -or O -6 O -- O -14C O -- O -labeled O -glucose B-Chemical -the O -ratio O -of O -C O -- O -1 O -/ O -C O -- O -6 O -14CO2 O -evolved O -was O -essentially O -unity O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -, O -however O -, O -a O -competitive O -substrate O -( O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -octanoate O -, O -acetate O -, O -or O -lactate B-Chemical -) O -was O -present O -, O -in O -sufficient O -quantity O -to O -lower O -the O -oxidation O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -approximately O -20 O -% O -of O -the O -control O -, O -the O -C O -- O -1 O -/ O -C O -- O -6 O -14CO2 O -ratio O -rose O -to O -values O -between O -1 O -. O -3 O -and O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Replacing O -Cl O -- O -in O -the O -perfusion O -fluids O -decreased O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -pH O -of O -rat O -ileum O -perfused O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Reserpine B-Chemical -, O -superior O -cervical O -ganglionectomy O -( O -SCGX O -) O -, O -or O -decentralization O -of O -the O -ganglia O -( O -DC O -) O -, O -as O -well O -as O -continuous O -light O -, O -prevented O -the O -nocturnal O -decrease O -in O -the O -glycogen O -content O -, O -causing O -a O -marked O -increase O -, O -and O -caused O -a O -gradual O -decrease O -in O -the O -size O -of O -the O -pineal O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -support O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -glycogen O -metabolism O -and O -its O -diurnal O -rhythm O -in O -the O -pineal O -cell O -are O -regulated O -by O -the O -sympathetic O -nerve O -terminals O -innervating O -the O -pineal O -gland O -, O -presumably O -by O -the O -release O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -platelet O -counts O -in O -0 O -. O -9 O -- O -m2 O -circuits O -decreased O -to O -20 O -% O -of O -control O -within O -2 O -min O -and O -platelet O -sensitivity O -was O -depressed O -out O -of O -proportion O -to O -the O -fall O -in O -platelet O -count O -. O - -aps B-category -Therapy O -( O -propranolol B-Chemical -or O -timolol B-Chemical -, O -500 O -mg O -/ O -liter O -drinking O -water O -) O -was O -initiated O -with O -breeding O -parents O -and O -continued O -throughout O -the O -pregnancy O -, O -nursing O -, O -and O -postweaning O -periods O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -in O -fetal O -pulmonary O -vascular O -resistance O -was O -unaffected O -by O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -but O -reversed O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Acetazolamide B-Chemical -inhibited O -alkalinization O -at O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -M O -when O -added O -to O -the O -nutrient O -side O -and O -at O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -on O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -side O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -almost O -identical O -secretion O -occurred O -spontaneously O -in O -antral O -mucosae O -and O -was O -insensitive O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Pancreatic O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -serum O -gastrin O -, O -and O -secretin O -responses O -to O -meals O -varying O -in O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -reports O -secretin O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -secretion O -after O -exogenous O -and O -endogenous O -acidification O -of O -meal O -. O - -aps B-category -Acidification O -of O -the O -meal O -evoked O -a O -pH O -- O -dependent O -reduction O -of O -gastrin O -and O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -, O -a O -pH O -- O -dependent O -elevation O -of O -pancreatic O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -and O -significant O -elevation O -of O -secretin O -at O -pH O -3 O -( O -43 O -% O -above O -basal O -) O -and O -at O -pH O -2 O -( O -80 O -% O -above O -basal O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -normal O -pancreatic O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -response O -to O -food O -may O -depend O -partially O -upon O -potentiation O -of O -the O -secretin O -effect O -by O -other O -neurohumoral O -stimuli O -. O - -aps B-category -Administering O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aldosterone I-Chemical -, O -7 O -microgram O -100 O -g O -- O -1 O -, O -to O -rats O -results O -in O -a O -marked O -rise O -in O -ammonium B-Chemical -excretion O -and O -metabolic O -alkalosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Consequently O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -depletion O -does O -not O -appear O -to O -be O -the O -causative O -factor O -in O -the O -aldosterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -ammonium B-Chemical -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Ammonia B-Chemical -production O -per O -glutamine B-Chemical -extracted O -increased O -from O -1 O -. O -33 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -07 O -in O -control O -to O -1 O -. O -79 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -08 O -in O -kidneys O -from O -hormone O -- O -treated O -rats O -, O -suggesting O -stimulation O -of O -the O -mitochondrial O -glutaminase O -I B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -pathway O -; O -this O -was O -supported O -by O -a O -proportional O -rise O -in O -production O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -CO2 O -, O -end O -products O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -' O -s O -carbon B-Chemical -skeleton O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -isotonic O -saline O -solution O -containing O -trace O -amounts O -of O -Blue O -Dextran B-Chemical -, O -125I O -- O -albumin O -, O -and O -57Co O -- O -cyanocobalamin O -was O -instilled O -into O -the O -lung O -segment O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -neither O -125I O -- O -albumin O -nor O -Blue O -Dextran B-Chemical -diffused O -from O -the O -airspace O -into O -blood O -during O -edema O -; O -both O -were O -merely O -diluted O -by O -fluid O -influx O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -therefore O -compared O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -the O -kidneys O -of O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -( O -SHR O -' O -s O -) O -of O -the O -Aoki O -- O -Okamoto O -strain O -and O -normotensive O -Wistar O -- O -Kyoto O -( O -WKY O -) O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -, O -in O -hypertension O -, O -renal O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -metabolism O -is O -altered O -so O -that O -enhanced O -synthesis O -is O -accompanied O -by O -decreased O -degradation O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Respiratory O -inhibition O -by O -the O -reflex O -was O -enhanced O -following O -central O -depression O -with O -chloralose B-Chemical -and O -overridden O -by O -administration O -of O -the O -respiratory O -stimulant O -, O -aminophylline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Besides O -of O -an O -increased O -disposition O -to O -develop O -carcinoma O -of O -the O -gut O -the O -alimentary O -tract O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -cardiovascular O -system O -has O -no O -specific O -symptomatology O -as O -signs O -of O -wear O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -age O -is O -increasing O -involutiones O -specific O -to O -age O -can O -be O -proofed O -at O -the O -gastrointestinal O -tract O -, O -which O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -deceleration O -but O -quantitative O -unchanged O -adsorption O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -means O -of O -stepwise O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -fractions O -were O -obtained O -from O -the O -nuclear O -preparations O -highly O -enriched O -in O -cell O -nuclei O -of O -neuronal O -and O -glial O -origin O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -incorporated O -into O -total O -histone O -is O -16 O -- O -18 O -nmol O -Pi O -per O -mg O -histone O -in O -the O -case O -of O -free O -histone O -, O -and O -about O -equal O -for O -all O -cell O -types O -and O -ages O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -relative O -phosphate B-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -the O -single O -fractions O -of O -chromatin O -- O -bound O -histones O -is O -also O -cell O -type O -- O -and O -age O -- O -specific O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -pointed O -out O -, O -that O -the O -content O -of O -hydroxyproline B-Chemical -and O -hydroxylysine O -, O -in O -addition O -to O -the O -usual O -variation O -as O -the O -other O -aminoacids O -varies O -extensively O -. O - -aps B-category -Untrained O -grown O -- O -up O -and O -old O -rats O -with O -a O -mild O -Streptozotocin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diabetes I-Chemical -show O -in O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -Trained O -rats O -show O -a O -different O -behaviour O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -test O -depending O -on O -their O -age O -and O -seriousness O -of O -diabetes O -: O -Glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -is O -improved O -in O -grown O -- O -up O -rats O -with O -a O -mild O -diabetes O -and O -unchanged O -in O -old O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypotension O -induced O -by O -high O -doses O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -alone O -, O -which O -used O -to O -be O -considered O -as O -an O -adequate O -measure O -, O -has O -recently O -been O -shown O -to O -cause O -such O -serious O -side O -- O -effects O -that O -it O -can O -no O -longer O -be O -recommended O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sole O -exception O -is O -trimetaphan B-Chemical -but O -it O -produces O -other O -severe O -side O -- O -effects O -such O -as O -liberation O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -meets O -all O -the O -requirements O -of O -a O -hypotensive O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -liver O -disease O -and O -disturbances O -in O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -utilisation O -are O -regarded O -as O -contraindications O -for O -the O -use O -of O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -( O -rohypnol O -, O -RO O -- O -5 O -- O -4200 O -) O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivative O -did O -not O -cause O -any O -relevant O -effect O -on O -the O -inotropic O -state O -of O -the O -myocardium O -. O - -aps B-category -Flunitrazepam B-Chemical -is O -considered O -an O -additional O -drug O -during O -neuroleptanalgesia O -, O -when O -hypertension O -is O -causing O -some O -problems O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -controlled O -study O -in O -40 O -veterans O -, O -IM O -lorazepam B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -superior O -to O -IM O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -as O -a O -preoperative O -sedative O -and O -in O -ability O -to O -suppress O -the O -memory O -of O -events O -of O -the O -operative O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -either O -the O -chloride B-Chemical -or O -the O -iodide O -salt B-Chemical -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -can O -be O -used O -as O -the O -enzyme O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increasing O -availability O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -blood O -levels O -has O -aided O -not O -only O -in O -the O -selection O -of O -therapeutic O -doses O -but O -also O -in O -determining O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -newer O -products O -that O -, O -for O -example O -, O -promise O -to O -have O -a O -more O -sustained O -effect O -when O -given O -by O -mouth O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Spectrophotometric O -determination O -of O -rifampicin B-Chemical -S O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -rifampicin B-Chemical -O O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -azlocillin O -, O -a O -new O -semisynthetic O -penicillin B-Chemical -, O -was O -determined O -against O -582 O -clinical O -isolates O -of O -gram O -- O -negative O -bacilli O -and O -gram O -- O -positive O -cocci O -. O - -aps B-category -Azlocillin O -was O -more O -active O -than O -mezlocillin O -, O -ticarcillin O -, O -and O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -and O -as O -active O -as O -BLP O -- O -1654 O -against O -isolates O -of O -P O -. O -aeruginosa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -Pi O -did O -not O -involve O -changes O -in O -pH O -or O -accumulation O -of O -the O -trace O -metal O -nutrient O -iron B-Chemical -or O -zinc B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pleated O -cartridge O -filters O -readily O -adsorb O -viruses O -in O -estuarine O -water O -at O -low O -pH O -containing O -aluminum B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -methods O -, O -virus O -in O -3 O -liters O -of O -filter O -eluate O -was O -adsorbed O -to O -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxide O -flocs O -and O -then O -recovered O -in O -approximately O -150 O -ml O -of O -buffered O -fetal O -calf O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Microheterogeneity O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -7 O -in O -0 O -. O -4 O -m O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -O O -- O -Methylation O -of O -flavonoid B-Chemical -substrates O -by O -a O -partially O -purified O -enzyme O -from O -soybean O -cell O -suspension O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -Superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -: O -a O -photochemical O -augmentation O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -Solvent O -interactions O -with O -the O -active O -site O -of O -the O -pig O -heart O -cytosolic O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rat O -kidney O -neutral O -peptidase O -that O -degrades O -B O -chain O -of O -insulin O -, O -glucagon O -, O -and O -ACTH B-Chemical -: O -purification O -by O -affinity O -chromatography O -and O -some O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -of O -the O -25 O -control O -infants O -( O -but O -none O -of O -the O -25 O -treated O -infants O -) O -had O -bilirubin B-Chemical -levels O -greater O -than O -18 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -ml O -( O -308 O -mumol O -/ O -l O -) O -and O -required O -exchange O -transfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -involvement O -in O -the O -narcotic O -cue O -. O - -aps B-category -Gamma O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -in O -colon O -cancer O -induced O -by O -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dimethylhydrazine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -and O -properties O -of O -muscular O -glucose B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -E O -. O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -' O -s O -activity O -against O -17 O -different O -monosaccharides B-Chemical -and O -their O -derivatives O -was O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -compounds O -such O -as O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -D O -- O -fructose O -, O -D O -- O -mannose O -and O -2 O -- O -deoxyglucose O -were O -not O -oxidized O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -way O -, O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -and O -cyclobarbital O -may O -also O -be O -assayed O -up O -to O -1 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -in O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -aerobic O -incubation O -of O -trichloroethylene O -with O -rabbit O -liver O -microsomes O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -a O -difference O -absorption O -peak O -appears O -at O -451 O -- O -452 O -nm O -. O - -aps B-category -Dichloroacetyl O -chloride B-Chemical -is O -the O -main O -thermal O -rearrangement O -product O -of O -trichloroethylene O -epoxide O -, O -and O -also O -produces O -452 O -nm O -absorption O -in O -reduced O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -result O -of O -studies O -of O -guinea O -- O -pig O -live O -testosterone B-Chemical -17beta O -- O -dehydrogenase O -( O -NADP O -+ O -) O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -64 O -) O -, O -a O -new O -testosterone B-Chemical -17beta O -- O -dehydrogenase O -was O -discovered O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -64 O -enzyme O -oxidized O -testosterone B-Chemical -more O -rapidly O -than O -did O -the O -new O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -of O -the O -frog O -Rana O -temporaria O -was O -partially O -purified O -by O -( O -NH4 O -) O -2SO4 O -fractionation O -and O -successive O -chromatography O -on O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -DE O -- O -52 O -, O -Ultrogel O -AcA O -- O -34 O -, O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -DE O -- O -52 O -again O -and O -, O -finally O -, O -hydroxyapatite O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -, O -however O -, O -inactivated O -by O -the O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -reactants O -canaline O -and O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxyacetate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Homogentisate O -inhibited O -the O -enzyme O -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -was O -an O -activator O -; O -both O -effects O -were O -seen O -at O -low O -concentrations O -of O -the O -effectors O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -an O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -monophosphate O -phosphodiesterase O -from O -baker O -' O -s O -yeast O -. O - -aps B-category -MgCl2 O -caused O -more O -dissociation O -than O -did O -KCl O -or O -NaCl B-Chemical -at O -the O -same O -ionic O -strength O -, O -but O -at O -low O -KCl O -concentrations O -binding O -required O -small O -amounts O -of O -free O -bivalent O -metal O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -binds O -to O -this O -fragment O -and O -displaces O -one O -of O -the O -bound O -molecules O -of O -8 O -- O -anilinonaphthalene O -- O -1 O -- O -sulphonate O -. O - -aps B-category -Urease O -( O -urea B-Chemical -amidohydrolase O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -5 O -. O -1 O -. O -5 O -) O -was O -extracted O -from O -the O -mixed O -rumen O -bacterial O -fraction O -of O -bovine O -rumen O -contents O -and O -purified O -60 O -- O -fold O -by O -( O -NH4 O -) O -2SO4 O -precipitation O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -gel I-Chemical -adsorption O -and O -chromatography O -on O -hydroxyapatite O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -stabilized O -by O -50 O -mM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dithiothreitol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -activated I-Chemical -adenylate O -deaminase O -from O -marine O -invertebrate O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenylate O -deaminase O -may O -act O -as O -a O -primary O -ammonia B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -forming I-Chemical -enzyme O -in O -ammonotelic O -marine O -invertebrates O -with O -the O -purine B-Chemical -nucleotide B-Chemical -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -Prior O -treatment O -of O -Complex O -I O -with O -chaotropic O -agents O -or O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -prevented O -incorporation O -of O -diphenyleneiodonium O -into O -this O -polypeptide O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -ionizing O -groups O -, O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -of O -the O -substrate O -and O -a O -group O -at O -the O -substrate O -- O -binding O -site O -of O -the O -carrier O -, O -were O -found O -to O -influence O -the O -observed O -kinetic O -behaviour O -of O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -prolonged O -ethanol B-Chemical -ingestion O -on O -hepatic O -lipogenesis O -and O -related O -enzyme O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fed I-Chemical -rats O -developed O -a O -moderate O -hepatic O -triacylglycerol B-Chemical -accumulation O -during O -this O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -when O -the O -fat O -/ O -carbohydrate O -ratio O -was O -kept O -the O -same O -in O -the O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fed I-Chemical -and O -control O -rats O -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -had O -no O -influence O -on O -the O -rate O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -; O -Malic O -' O -enzyme O -activity O -did O -not O -change O -during O -the O -ethanol B-Chemical -treatment O -when O -the O -fat O -/ O -carbohydrate O -ratio O -was O -kept O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -hepatic O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -does O -not O -play O -any O -major O -role O -in O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -triacylglycerol B-Chemical -accumulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -inhibition O -by O -acidosis O -of O -gluconeogenesis O -from O -lactate B-Chemical -in O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -' O -acidotic O -' O -perfusions O -gluconeogenesis O -and O -uptake O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -or O -pyruvate B-Chemical -were O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -reasons O -for O -the O -fall O -in O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -acidotic O -livers O -are O -discussed O -; O -two O -of O -the O -more O -likely O -mechanisms O -are O -inhibition O -of O -the O -pyruvate B-Chemical -carboxylase O -system O -and O -a O -change O -in O -the O -[ O -malate B-Chemical -] O -/ O -[ O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -] O -ratio O -due O -to O -the O -fall O -in O -intracellular O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -nucleotide B-Chemical -concentrations O -and O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -were O -measured O -in O -regenerating O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -obtained O -on O -hepatectomized O -livers O -were O -compared O -with O -the O -changes O -in O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -and O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -concentrations O -during O -the O -response O -to O -galactosamine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -of O -caudate O -nucleus O -and O -cerebral O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -Commentary O -: O -The O -roles O -of O -folate B-Chemical -and O -pteridine O -derivatives O -in O -neurotransmitter O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -in O -vitro O -inhibition O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthetase O -by O -fenclorac O -( O -alpha O -, O -m O -- O -dichloro O -- O -p O -- O -cyclohexylphenylacetic O -acid O -) O -and O -indomethacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -new O -beta O -- O -blockers O -4 O -- O -( O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isopropyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propoxy I-Chemical -) O -- O -carbazole O -( O -carazolol O -) O -and O -1 O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -acetoxy O -- O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -5 O -- O -trimethylphenyloxy O -) O -- O -3 O -- O -isopropylamino O -- O -propan O -- O -2 O -- O -ol O -( O -methypranol O -, O -Disorat O -) O -were O -compared O -with O -14 O -well O -- O -known O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agents O -with O -regard O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -antagonism O -( O -equipotent O -doses O -in O -the O -rabbit O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -16 O -- O -membered O -macrolide B-Chemical -antibiotics O -using O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -13 I-Chemical -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formyl O -carbon B-Chemical -which O -is O -characteristic O -of O -the O -basic O -16 O -- O -membered O -macrolides B-Chemical -orginates O -from O -C O -- O -4 O -butyrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -study O -of O -the O -dissolution O -of O -Fe4S4 O -( O -2 O -- O -) O -- O -cluster O -core O -ions O -of O -ferredoxins O -and O -high O -potential O -iron B-Chemical -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Purified O -mung O -bean O -hypocotyl O -mitochondria O -were O -examined O -for O -their O -capacity O -to O -carry O -out O -respiration O -- O -dependent O -accumulation O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Even O -at O -high O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -, O -no O -transient O -changes O -in O -the O -respiratory O -activity O -occurred O -and O -subsequent O -addition O -of O -ADP O -initiated O -a O -further O -state O -3 O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -additions O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -failed O -to O -initiate O -any O -transient O -changes O -in O -the O -oxidation O -- O -reduction O -states O -of O -either O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -or O -cytochrome O -b O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -proposed O -that O -although O -mung O -bean O -mitochondria O -possess O -a O -respiration O -- O -linked O -electrochemical O -potential O -gradient O -it O -would O -appear O -that O -this O -potential O -cannot O -be O -expressed O -as O -calcium B-Chemical -transport O -even O -at O -high O -ion O -concentrations O -, O -probably O -due O -to O -a O -low O -calcium B-Chemical -membrane O -permeability O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -method O -for O -isolation O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -) O -from O -mitochondria O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -isolated O -from O -beef O -heart O -has O -a O -specific O -activity O -of O -120 O -mumol O -P O -/ O -min O -per O -mg O -protein O -and O -enzyme O -isolated O -from O -rat O -liver O -has O -a O -specific O -activity O -of O -70 O -mumol O -P O -/ O -min O -per O -mg O -protein O -when O -measured O -as O -a O -release O -of O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -low O -concentrations O -of O -uncoupling O -amines B-Chemical -such O -as O -NH3 O -or O -cyclohexylamine O -, O -which O -rapidly O -penetrated O -the O -chloroplast O -envelope O -and O -decreased O -the O -intrathylakoid O -proton O -concentration O -, O -failed O -to O -reduce O -, O -and O -actually O -stimulated O -, O -rates O -of O -CO2 O -- O -dependent O -oxygen B-Chemical -evolution O -even O -under O -rate O -- O -limiting O -light O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -indicated O -by O -measurements O -of O -the O -515 O -nm O -signal O -of O -the O -chloroplasts O -, O -the O -light O -- O -induced O -membrane O -potential O -was O -not O -much O -affected O -by O -low O -concentrations O -of O -the O -uncoupling O -amines B-Chemical -, O -but O -was O -decreased O -by O -FCCP O -and O -by O -high O -concentrations O -of O -the O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Removal O -of O -coupling O -factor O -protein O -( O -CF1 O -) O -from O -spinach O -thylakoid O -membranes O -results O -in O -an O -enhancement O -of O -proton O -permeability O -but O -has O -no O -effect O -on O -chloride B-Chemical -or O -potassium B-Chemical -permeability O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -efflux O -rates O -could O -also O -be O -increased O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -a O -proton O -specific O -uncoupler O -, O -FCCP O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -microsomal O -fraction O -chloride B-Chemical -stimulation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -occurs O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -HCO O -- O -3 O -( O -Km O -for O -chloride B-Chemical -= O -1 O -mequiv O -/ O -l O -) O -; O -no O -stimulation O -is O -observed O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -HCO O -- O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulatory O -effects O -of O -purine B-Chemical -nucleotide B-Chemical -analogs O -with O -liver O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -capacity O -of O -these O -nucleotide B-Chemical -analogs O -to O -activate O -or O -to O -inhibit O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -is O -expressed O -quantitatively O -and O -scaled O -between O -the O -extreme O -effects O -of O -ADP O -and O -GTP O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -oxidised O -folates O -by O -dihydrofolate O -reductase O -from O -methotrexate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -Lactobacillus O -casei O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduction O -of O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -10 O -- O -formylfolic O -acid O -by O -homogeneous O -enzyme O -was O -compared O -to O -that O -of O -the O -normal O -substrate O -, O -dihydrofolic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -the O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -: O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -of O -the O -yeast O -Rhodotorula O -glutinis O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -S20 O -, O -w O -of O -7 O -. O -9 O -S O -was O -found O -by O -the O -use O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -, O -and O -a O -Stokes O -radius O -of O -7 O -. O -05 O -nm O -was O -determined O -by O -gel O -filtration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -species O -with O -the O -higher O -electrophoretic O -mobility O -which O -represented O -the O -great O -majority O -of O -the O -total O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -gave O -a O -positive O -stain O -for O -heme O -and O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -composed O -of O -subunits O -with O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -about O -118 O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -spectrophotometric O -assay O -has O -been O -developed O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -the O -content O -of O -each O -isozyme O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -transaminase O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -: O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -aminotransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -) O -in O -physiological O -fluids O -or O -tissue O -extracts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rabbit O -membrane O -enzymes O -have O -apparent O -Mr O -values O -of O -100 O -000 O -and O -30 O -000 O -, O -as O -determined O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -0 O -. O -4 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -three O -enzymes O -catalyze O -the O -phosphorylation O -of O -casein O -and O -phosvitin O -in O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Upon O -cell O -harvesting O -and O -gentle O -enzyme O -preparation O -the O -base O -- O -treated O -cells O -demonstrated O -a O -significantly O -higher O -unstimulated O -, O -fluoride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -activity O -of O -adenylate O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -Alkaline O -phosphatase O -was O -effectively O -inhibited O -by O -EDTA O -, O -Zn2 O -+ O -, O -histidine O -and O -urea B-Chemical -therefore O -resembling O -the O -inhibition O -characteristics O -of O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -in O -the O -placenta O -and O -kidney O -, O -but O -not O -that O -in O -the O -liver O -and O -intestine O -, O -which O -differed O -markedly O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -p O -- O -bromophenacyl O -bromide B-Chemical -or O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -resulted O -in O -the O -specific O -covalent O -modification O -of O -one O -histidine O -or O -a O -total O -of O -one O -lysine O -residue O -per O -molecule O -of O -enzyme O -, O -respectively O -, O -with O -a O -concomitant O -loss O -of O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -was O -shown O -to O -have O -reacted O -not O -with O -a O -single O -lysine O -but O -with O -four O -different O -ones O -( O -residues O -11 O -, O -33 O -, O -58 O -and O -111 O -) O -in O -such O -a O -manner O -that O -an O -overall O -stoichiometry O -of O -one O -modified O -lysine O -residue O -/ O -molecule O -enzyme O -resulted O -. O - -aps B-category -Apo O -procarboxypeptidase O -A O -will O -also O -hydrolyze O -TFAc O -- O -L O -- O -Phe O -, O -presumably O -the O -polarization O -of O -the O -carbonyl O -carbon B-Chemical -being O -accomplished O -by O -the O -fluorine O -atoms O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -a O -specific O -metal O -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -treatment O -leads O -to O -inhibition O -of O -K O -+ O -- O -stimulated O -4 O -- O -nitrophenylphosphatase O -activity O -, O -Na O -+ O -- O -stimulated O -ATPase O -activity O -, O -and O -phosphorylation O -by O -ATP O -as O -well O -as O -by O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -from O -human O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -slower O -migrating O -band O -, O -enzyme O -1 O -, O -when O -assayed O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -5 O -has O -a O -low O -Km O -for O -NAD O -( O -8 O -micrometer O -) O -and O -a O -high O -Km O -for O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -( O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -faster O -migrating O -band O -, O -enzyme O -2 O -, O -has O -a O -low O -Km O -for O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -, O -( O -2 O -- O -- O -3 O -micrometer O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -5 O -) O -, O -a O -higher O -Km O -for O -NAD O -( O -70 O -micrometer O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -5 O -) O -, O -and O -is O -not O -inhibited O -by O -disulfiram B-Chemical -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purification O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -( O -( O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -) O -- O -peptide O -: O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -. O -2 O -) O -from O -normal O -human O -liver O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Gamma O -- O -Glutamyl O -transpepetidase O -( O -( O -5 O -- O -glutamyl O -) O -- O -peptide O -: O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -5 O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -. O -2 O -) O -from O -human O -bile O -has O -been O -partially O -purified O -using O -protamine O -sulphate O -treatment O -, O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -chromatography O -and O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -filtration O -. O - -aps B-category -Amino O -groups O -in O -the O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -pyridoxamine O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -and O -apo O -forms O -of O -pig O -heart O -cytoplasmic O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -: O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -aminotransferase O -, O -EC O -. O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -) O -have O -been O -reversibly O -modified O -with O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -pentanedione O -. O - -aps B-category -16 O -can O -be O -modified O -in O -the O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -form O -with O -less O -than O -a O -50 O -% O -change O -in O -the O -catalytic O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pyridoxamine O -phosphate B-Chemical -enzyme O -is O -completely O -inactivated O -by O -reaction O -with O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -pentanedione O -. O - -aps B-category -100 O -times O -faster O -with O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -pentanedione O -than O -do O -other O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -a O -triacylglycerol B-Chemical -lipase O -from O -Mycobacterium O -phlei O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -resolved O -the O -preparation O -into O -six O -protein O -bands O -. O - -aps B-category -ith O -phosphate B-Chemical -or O -maleate B-Chemical -buffer O -the O -enzyme O -exhibits O -a O -broad O -pH O -optimum O -around O -6 O -. O -0 O -with O -sigmoid O -saturation O -kinetics O -( O -Hill O -number O -2 O -) O -, O -and O -an O -apparent O -Km O -of O -8 O -. O -8 O -mM O -for O -tripalmitoylglycerol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -saturation O -curve O -for O -p O -= O -nitrophenylmyristate O -was O -sigmoid O -and O -unaffected O -by O -citrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lipase O -hydrolyzed O -trioleyglycerol O -to O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -glycerol O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -physical O -and O -kinetic O -properties O -of O -the O -partially O -purified O -lipid O -- O -free O -lipase O -were O -different O -from O -those O -of O -crude O -non O -- O -delipidated O -lipase O -and O -also O -from O -those O -of O -a O -neutral O -triacylglycerol B-Chemical -lipase O -which O -was O -recently O -purified O -partially O -from O -pig O -liver O -cytosol O -( O -Ledford O -, O -J O -. O -H O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -omega O -- O -2 O -) O -hydroxylase O -from O -Bacillus O -megaterium O -ATCC O -14581 O -was O -examined O -with O -respect O -to O -some O -general O -enzymatic O -properties O -attributed O -to O -an O -intact O -complex O -isolated O -in O -a O -partially O -purified O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxidation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -the O -hydroxylation O -of O -palmitate O -were O -found O -to O -occur O -in O -a O -one O -to O -one O -molar O -ration O -, O -independent O -of O -the O -protein O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonding O -on O -the O -rotamer O -distribution O -of O -the O -histidine O -side O -chain O -in O -peptides O -: O -1H O -NMR O -and O -CD O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -two O -peptides O -a O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bond O -between O -the O -imidazolium O -and O -the O -carboxylate O -group O -is O -supposed O -to O -stabilize O -rotamer O -III O -at O -pH O -4 O -- O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Yeast O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -formed O -a O -stable O -complex O -with O -cytochrome O -c O -in O -weakly O -alkaline O -solution O -of O -low O -ionic O -strength O -. O - -aps B-category -Conformation O -of O -hyaluronate B-Chemical -in O -neutral O -and O -alkaline O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -Light O -scattering O -data O -showing O -a O -decrease O -in O -radius O -of O -gyration O -with O -no O -change O -in O -molecular O -weight O -and O -negative O -results O -with O -chondroitin O -and O -other O -acidic O -glycosaminoglycans O -suggest O -that O -the O -conformational O -change O -is O -specific O -for O -hyaluronate B-Chemical -molecules O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -disulfide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfhydryl I-Chemical -ratio O -of O -rat O -hepatic O -tissue O -has O -been O -found O -to O -vary O -diurnally O -lowest O -in O -the O -early O -morning O -and O -highest O -in O -the O -early O -evening O -( O -Isaacs O -, O -J O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -caused O -hepatic O -catalase O -activity O -to O -decrease O -and O -to O -increase O -hepatic O -production O -of O -peroxide B-Chemical -molecules O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -leads O -to O -increased O -amounts O -of O -oxidized O -glutathione B-Chemical -( O -GSSG B-Chemical -) O -which O -ultimately O -results O -in O -increased O -levels O -of O -GSSProt O -. O - -aps B-category -Support O -for O -this O -idea O -is O -provided O -by O -the O -close O -temporal O -correlation O -between O -the O -diurnal O -variations O -in O -cyclic O -AMP O -, O -hepatic O -catalase O -, O -peroxide B-Chemical -generation O -and O -GSSProt O -- O -GSH O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -guanosine B-Chemical -on O -insulin O -secretion O -, O -adenylyl O -and O -guanylyl O -cyclase O -activities O -of O -isolated O -rat O -islets O -of O -Langerhans O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -adenylyl O -cyclase O -activity O -of O -islets O -was O -inhibited O -by O -guanosine B-Chemical -although O -guanosine B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -on O -basal O -, O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -glucagon O -or O -GTP O -- O -stimulated O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Incorporation O -of O -mannose O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -into O -prenylphosphate O -sugars O -in O -isolated O -human O -platelet O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -radical O -with O -iron B-Chemical -complexes O -of O -EDTA O -studied O -by O -pulse O -radiolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Corticosteroid O -- O -induced O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -5 O -) O -from O -cultured O -hepatoma O -cells O -was O -separated O -by O -carboxymethyl O -- O -Sephadex O -chromatography O -into O -three O -molecular O -forms O -resembling O -those O -described O -previously O -in O -the O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -appears O -, O -therefore O -, O -that O -multiple O -forms O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -are O -not O -related O -to O -the O -turnover O -of O -this O -enzyme O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -a O -study O -on O -the O -interaction O -between O -cobalt B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -bovine O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -and O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -L O -( O -+ O -) O -and O -D O -( O -- O -) O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -glycine B-Chemical -and O -betaine B-Chemical -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Utilizing O -the O -inhibition O -properties O -of O -L O -( O -+ O -) O -alanine B-Chemical -at O -various O -pH O -an O -analysis O -of O -the O -species O -involved O -in O -the O -inhibition O -reaction O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -Eu3 O -+ O -/ O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -systems O -, O -the O -emission O -bands O -associated O -with O -the O -5D0 O -leads O -to O -7F1 O -and O -7F2 O -Eu3 O -+ O -transitions O -are O -monitored O -, O -and O -in O -the O -Tb3 O -+ O -/ O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -systems O -the O -5D4 O -leads O -to O -7F5 O -Tb3 O -+ O -emission O -is O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Raman O -difference O -spectroscopic O -studies O -on O -the O -binding O -of O -CH3Hg O -( O -II O -) O -to O -1 O -- O -methylthymine O -, O -thymidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- O -monophosphate O -, O -DNA O -models O -and O -native O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -native O -calf O -thymus O -DNA O -does O -not O -appear O -to O -bind O -CH3Hg O -( O -II O -) O -at O -these O -sites O -at O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -15 O -, O -although O -no O -significant O -amount O -of O -free O -CH3HgOH O -is O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -Failures O -occurred O -below O -pH O -3 O -. O -8 O -during O -protonation O -of O -membrane O -phospholipid O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -carboxyl O -, O -and O -above O -pH O -11 O -. O -4 O -from O -calcium B-Chemical -precipitation O -. O - -aps B-category -PCl O -is O -zero O -above O -pH O -10 O -. O -6 O -and O -is O -opened O -predominately O -by O -protonation O -of O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -, O -and O -partially O -by O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -from O -pH O -10 O -. O -6 O -to O -9 O -. O - -aps B-category -PNa O -permeability O -parallels O -that O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -from O -pH O -5 O -to O -9 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -200 O -mM O -sucrose B-Chemical -to O -relaxing O -medium O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -fiber O -dimensions O -, O -whereas O -decreasing O -pH O -to O -5 O -. O -0 O -caused O -fibers O -to O -shrink O -nearly O -to O -their O -original O -( O -oil O -) O -size O -. O - -aps B-category -Shrinkage O -in O -dextran B-Chemical -T40 O -( O -number O -average O -mol O -wt O -28 O -, O -000 O -) O -, O -polyvinylpyrrolidone O -( O -PVP O -) O -K30 O -( O -number O -average O -mol O -wt O -40 O -, O -000 O -) O -and O -dextran B-Chemical -T70 O -( O -number O -average O -mol O -wt O -40 O -, O -300 O -) O -was O -not O -transient O -, O -indicating O -exclusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Pressure O -variation O -of O -enzymatic O -reaction O -rates O -: O -yeast O -and O -liver O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fluorescence O -intensity O -of O -the O -single O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residue O -in O -histone O -H1 O -increases O -from O -RTYR O -= O -0 O -. O -3 O -to O -RTYR O -= O -1 O -. O -3 O -as O -the O -protein O -undergoes O -a O -conformational O -change O -from O -the O -random O -coil O -state O -to O -a O -folded O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -Poly O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lysyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -sensitive O -and O -specific O -method O -for O -the O -quantitative O -determination O -of O -the O -optical O -isomers O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -from O -human O -plasma O -and O -saliva O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -the O -amphetamine B-Chemical -enantiomers O -with O -this O -chiral O -reagent O -yields O -diasteriomers O -which O -are O -easily O -resolved O -by O -gas O -liquid O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Thermodynamics O -of O -the O -binding O -of O -flavin O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -to O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneous O -peptide O -and O -oligonucleotide O -formation O -in O -mixtures O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphate O -, O -imidazole O -, O -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -Lysine O -exhibited O -a O -preference O -for O -GTP O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -for O -UTP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glycine B-Chemical -nucleotide B-Chemical -phosphoramidates O -were O -also O -detected O -and O -characterized O -in O -reactions O -at O -40 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -glycine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -reaction I-Chemical -preference O -for O -CTP O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -8 O -and O -UTP O -at O -8 O -. O -7 O -suggested O -that O -the O -basicity O -of O -the O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphate O -was O -involved O -in O -increasing O -the O -peptide O -yield O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -, O -together O -with O -information O -on O -the O -complexing O -of O -poly O -( O -C O -) O -by O -GTP O -, O -led O -to O -the O -experimentally O -approchable O -hypothesis O -that O -GTP O -, O -by O -forming O -a O -basic O -triplex O -between O -the O -cytosine B-Chemical -residues O -adjacent O -to O -the O -peptidyl O -adenosine B-Chemical -and O -aminoacyl O -adenosine B-Chemical -at O -the O -termini O -of O -two O -proto O -- O -tRNAs O -, O -would O -promote O -peptide O -bond O -synthesis O -between O -the O -aminoacyl O -residue O -and O -peptidyl O -residue O -. O - -aps B-category -Steady O -- O -state O -values O -of O -cell O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -and O -cellulase O -concentration O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -, O -and O -outlet O -gas O -oxygen B-Chemical -partial O -pressure O -were O -recorded O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -rates O -were O -correlated O -with O -specific O -growth O -rates O -and O -absorption O -coefficients O -were O -shown O -to O -be O -a O -function O -of O -dilution O -rate O -independent O -of O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -membrane O -- O -bound O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -increased O -under O -these O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -assumed O -that O -the O -effect O -of O -depolarization O -on O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -velocity O -in O -the O -nerve O -endings O -involves O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -modification O -. O - -aps B-category -Dynamics O -of O -some O -nitrogen B-Chemical -metabolism O -indices O -in O -the O -brain O -of O -dogs O -during O -dying O -and O -post O -- O -resuscitation O -period O -was O -studied O -in O -experiments O -on O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -reconstruction O -period O -after O -revival O -of O -the O -organism O -glutamine B-Chemical -was O -converted O -into O -ammonium B-Chemical -eliminator O -, O -and O -the O -main O -sources O -of O -ammoniogenesis O -were O -labile O -amide O -protein O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Microbial O -activity O -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -mineralization O -in O -a O -soil O -treated O -with O -silage O -effluent O -. O - -aps B-category -Alterations O -in O -brain O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -metabolism O -during O -the O -' O -withdrawal O -' O -phase O -after O -chronic O -treatment O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -bromazepam O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -was O -also O -enhanced O -in O -the O -mid O -- O -brain O -region O -of O -rats O -subjected O -to O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O -2 O -Chronic O -therapy O -with O -either O -of O -the O -two O -anti O -- O -anxiety O -agents O -enhanced O -the O -endogenous O -levels O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -cerebral O -cortex O -, O -hypothalamus O -, O -pons O -- O -medulla O -, O -mid O -- O -brain O -and O -striatum O -. O -3 O -Whereas O -diazepam B-Chemical -treatment O -decreased O -( O -13 O -% O -) O -the O -activity O -of O -monoamine O -oxidase O -in O -mid O -- O -brain O -, O -bromazepam O -failed O -to O -exert O -any O -effect O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -observed O -elevation O -in O -5 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -indoleacetic O -acid O -levels O -is O -not O -associated O -with O -enhanced O -deamination O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -. O -4 O -Discontinuation O -of O -treatment O -for O -48 O -h O -significantly O -decreased O -the O -activity O -of O -mid O -- O -brain O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -to O -levels O -that O -were O -significantly O -lower O -than O -those O -seen O -for O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -and O -normal O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -effects O -of O -intravenously O -infused O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -upon O -the O -cardiovascular O -system O -of O -the O -rat O -anaesthetized O -with O -pentobarbitone O -, O -have O -been O -investigated O -. O -2 O -Phenylephrine B-Chemical -produces O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -rise O -in O -mean O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -( O -MABP O -) O -that O -is O -due O -mainly O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -total O -peripheral O -vascular O -resistance O -( O -TPR O -) O -, O -though O -at O -all O -doses O -tested O -cardiac O -output O -was O -invariably O -raised O -. O -3 O -The O -increase O -in O -cardiac O -output O -was O -due O -in O -each O -instance O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -stroke O -volume O -, O -heart O -rate O -being O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -contended O -that O -the O -augmented O -venous O -return O -required O -for O -the O -elevated O -cardiac O -output O -results O -in O -this O -case O -mainly O -from O -the O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -fall O -in O -TPR O -which O -enhances O -transfer O -of O -blood O -from O -arteries O -to O -the O -veins O -. O -7 O -Evidence O -is O -presented O -to O -show O -that O -the O -effects O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -are O -mediated O -mainly O -by O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -. O -8 O -Under O -the O -present O -experimental O -conditions O -the O -adrenoceptor O -- O -mediated O -cardiovascular O -changes O -are O -little O -modified O -reflexly O -by O -the O -arterial O -baroreceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -effects O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -upon O -the O -cardiovascular O -system O -of O -the O -rat O -, O -anaesthetized O -with O -pentobarbitone O -, O -have O -been O -investigated O -. O -2 O -Noradrenaline O -produces O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -increase O -in O -mean O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -( O -MABP O -) O -which O -is O -due O -entirely O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -cardiac O -output O -; O -total O -peripheral O -vascular O -resistance O -( O -TPR O -) O -remains O -unchanged O -. O -3 O -Following O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -the O -pressor O -response O -to O -infused O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -is O -enhanced O -and O -is O -now O -due O -mainly O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -TPR O -; O -the O -increment O -in O -cardiac O -output O -is O -reduced O -. O -4 O -After O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -the O -pressor O -response O -is O -greatly O -reduced O -; O -the O -residual O -increase O -in O -MABP O -is O -due O -solely O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -cardiac O -output O -. O -5 O -After O -ganglion O -blockade O -resting O -cardiac O -output O -and O -TPR O -both O -fall O -, O -resulting O -in O -a O -reduction O -in O -MABP O -. O - -aps B-category -Development O -of O -nicotinic O -responses O -in O -the O -rat O -adrenal O -medulla O -and O -long O -- O -term O -effects O -of O -neonatal O -nicotine B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamines O -were O -depleted O -25 O -% O -3 O -h O -after O -injection O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -at O -all O -ages O -tested O -, O -but O -the O -degree O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -induction O -24 O -h O -after O -nicotine B-Chemical -increased O -with O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -long O -- O -term O -effects O -of O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -administered O -to O -one O -day O -old O -rats O -were O -also O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -neonatal O -nicotine B-Chemical -administration O -can O -produce O -long O -- O -term O -changes O -in O -adrenal O -catecholamine B-Chemical -biosynthetic O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -administered O -vasopressin B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -001 O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -u O -) O -in O -dogs O -anaesthetized O -with O -chloralose B-Chemical -produced O -adose O -- O -dependent O -increase O -in O -urine O -flow O -with O -a O -concomitant O -decrease O -in O -the O -levels O -of O -antidiuretic O -hormone O -( O -ADH O -) O -in O -jugular O -vein O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -with O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonist O -completely O -blocked O -the O -diuretic B-Chemical -response O -of O -low O -doses O -of O -vasopressin B-Chemical -( O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -induced O -tachyphylaxis O -; O -central O -catecholamine B-Chemical -depletion O -with O -tetrabenazine B-Chemical -significantly O -inhibited O -the O -vasopressin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -diuretic B-Chemical -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -frequency O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -Hz O -) O -electrical O -stimulation O -of O -the O -rat O -isolated O -vas O -deferens O -produced O -regular O -contractions O -that O -were O -inhibited O -by O -low O -concentrations O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Presynaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonist O -activity O -was O -assessed O -by O -studying O -the O -effects O -of O -increasing O -concentrations O -of O -the O -antagonists O -on O -cumulative O -clonidine B-Chemical -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -on O -the O -stimulated O -vas O -deferens O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -yohimbine B-Chemical -and O -phentolamine B-Chemical -are O -more O -potent O -in O -blocking O -presynaptic O -than O -postsynaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -functional O -antagonism O -to O -determine O -whether O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonists O -must O -have O -a O -lower O -efficacy O -than O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -to O -be O -trachea O -- O -atria O -selective O -in O -vitro O -in O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -On O -tracheal O -preparations O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonists O -were O -used O -as O -functional O -antagonists O -of O -carbachol B-Chemical -and O -a O -comparison O -of O -the O -maximum O -shifts O -in O -the O -carbachol B-Chemical -concentration O -- O -response O -line O -produced O -by O -each O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonists O -provided O -a O -comparison O -of O -their O -efficacies O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -On O -trachea O -and O -atria O -the O -order O -of O -efficacy O -of O -the O -compounds O -was O -Me454 O -greater O -than O -Me506 O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -= O -fenoterol O -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -Since O -Me O -454 O -, O -Me O -506 O -and O -fenoterol O -, O -which O -are O -trachea O -- O -atria O -selective O -, O -have O -effficacies O -equal O -to O -or O -greater O -than O -that O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -which O -is O -non O -- O -selective O -, O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -low O -efficacy O -in O -a O -compound O -is O -not O -essential O -for O -it O -to O -show O -trachea O -- O -atria O -selectivity O -in O -vitro O -in O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -on O -the O -development O -of O -deoxycorticosterone B-Chemical -acetate O -( O -DOCA B-Chemical -) O -hypertension O -in O -the O -dog O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -culture O -, O -in O -response O -to O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -, O -activities O -exceeded O -normal O -levels O -only O -in O -this O -small O -cell O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -immature O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -NA O -) O -containing O -cells O -from O -locus O -coeruleus O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -containing O -cells O -from O -the O -raphé O -nuclei O -could O -survive O -homologous O -transplantation O -to O -adult O -spinal O -cords O -that O -were O -adrenergically O -denervated O -by O -a O -transverse O -lesion O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -NA O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -axons O -can O -grow O -in O -adult O -lesioned O -white O -matter O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -Crotalus O -atrox O -phospholipase O -A2 O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -and O -1 O -- O -anilinonaphthalene O -- O -8 O -- O -sulfonate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -dependent O -13C O -chemical O -shifts O -for O -histamine B-Chemical -indicate O -an O -approximate O -4 O -: O -1 O -preference O -for O -the O -N O -- O -H O -tautomer O -of O -the O -imidazole O -ring O -, O -similar O -to O -that O -previously O -deduced O -for O -L O -- O -histidine O -. O - -aps B-category -L O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -Lactate I-Chemical -or O -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -greatly O -stimulate O -the O -omega O -- O -N O -- O -hydroxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Examination O -of O -the O -reversibility O -of O -the O -cross O -- O -links O -suggests O -they O -involve O -one O -' O -permanent O -' O -link O -to O -guanine O -and O -a O -second O -weaker O -linkage O -, O -possibly O -to O -a O -cytosine B-Chemical -residue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -valinomycin O -- O -mediated O -transport O -process O -required O -respiratory O -energy O -from O -Krebs O -cycle O -intermediates O -and O -was O -completely O -reversible O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -suppresses O -elevated O -behavioural O -activity O -and O -brain O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -developing O -hyperthyroid O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -administration O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -( O -60 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -ip O -) O -to O -normal O -rats O -for O -6 O -days O -produced O -no O -effect O -on O -spontaneous O -locomotor O -activity O -and O -increased O -the O -synthesis O -and O -possibly O -release O -of O -this O -monoamine O -in O -several O -brain O -regions O -, O -this O -antimanic O -drug O -antagonized O -the O -L O -- O -triiodothyronine O -- O -stimulated O -increases O -in O -mobility O -as O -well O -as O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -of O -hypothalamus O -, O -midbrain O -, O -striatum O -, O -and O -cerebral O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -data O -suggest O -that O -antiphasic O -or O -damping O -effects O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -upon O -mood O -swings O -is O -controlled O -, O -at O -least O -in O -part O -, O -by O -catecholaminergic O -systems O -in O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -parathyroid O -hormone O -on O -renal O -excretion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -pathway O -exists O -from O -pyruvate B-Chemical -by O -malic O -enzyme O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -39 O -) O -activity O -to O -malate B-Chemical -, O -then O -fumarate O -and O -succinate O -, O -again O -with O -no O -evidence O -of O -succinyl O -- O -CoA O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -evaluate O -the O -metabolic O -response O -of O -nutritionally O -deprived O -cancer O -patients O -to O -parenteral O -nutrition O -, O -metabolic O -parameters O -including O -glucose B-Chemical -turnover O -, O -oxidation O -, O -and O -Cori O -cycle O -activity O -were O -measured O -in O -eight O -patients O -before O -and O -during O -short O -- O -term O -( O -5 O -to O -10 O -days O -) O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -parenteral O -nutrition O -, O -five O -patients O -had O -essentially O -normal O -glucose B-Chemical -turnover O -, O -oxidation O -, O -and O -Cori O -cycle O -activity O -, O -whereas O -three O -patients O -had O -moderately O -increased O -glucose B-Chemical -turnover O -and O -markedly O -increased O -Cori O -cycle O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -percentage O -of O -respiratory O -CO2 O -from O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidation O -and O -the O -rate O -of O -oxidation O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -binding O -profile O -for O -1 O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -arabinofuranosylcytosine O -and O -1 O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -arabinofuranosyluracil O -was O -reminiscent O -of O -the O -specificity O -of O -ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -antibodies O -, O -which O -we O -previously O -obtained O -after O -immunization O -of O -rabbits O -with O -1 O -- O -( O -5 O -- O -O O -- O -succinyl O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -arabinofuranosyl O -) O -cytosine B-Chemical -as O -a O -hapten O -. O - -aps B-category -Gyromitrin O -, O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -N O -- O -methyl O -- O -N O -- O -formylhydrazone O -, O -is O -a O -toxin O -present O -in O -edible O -wild O -mushroom O -Gyromitra O -esculenta O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -alkalinization O -with O -oral O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -has O -decreased O -the O -incidence O -of O -acute O -nephrotoxicity O -and O -subsequent O -myelotoxicity O -in O -18 O -adults O -receiving O -high O -- O -dose O -methotrexate B-Chemical -with O -calcium B-Chemical -leucovorin B-Chemical -rescue O -( O -MTX O -- O -LCV O -) O -weekly O -in O -doses O -of O -1 O -- O -7 O -. O -5 O -g O -/ O -m2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Adduct O -formation O -between O -the O -carcinogen O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylaminofluorene I-Chemical -and O -synthetic O -polydeoxyribonucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -labelling O -index O -by O -tritiated O -thymidine B-Chemical -of O -the O -cell O -in O -the O -mucous O -neck O -zone O -began O -to O -rise O -14 O -hours O -after O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -tetragastrin O -at O -100 O -or O -1 O -, O -000 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -or O -synthetic O -human O -gastrin O -at O -1 O -, O -000 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -and O -reached O -the O -peak O -at O -18 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Proteolytic O -, O -arylamidase O -- O -like O -activities O -of O -human O -serum O -are O -determined O -by O -using O -a O -sensitive O -micromethod O -, O -based O -upon O -the O -Bratton O -- O -Marshall O -- O -reaction O -, O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitroanilides I-Chemical -as O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -optimum O -and O -the O -KM O -- O -value O -for O -fructose O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -were O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -KM O -of O -the O -reaction O -is O -1 O -. O -6 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -. O -Reverse O -T3 O -does O -inhibit O -the O -reaction O -non O -competitive O -; O -Ki O -= O -2 O -x O -10 O -( O -10 O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -. O -Alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -para I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -, O -a O -specific O -inhibitor O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -, O -has O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -the O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -peptidase O -activity O -in O -serum O -of O -rats O -treated O -with O -CCl4 B-Chemical -was O -higher O -than O -that O -of O -normal O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Excess O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -was O -removed O -by O -gel O -filtration O -before O -the O -quantities O -of O -the O -Tamm O -and O -Horsfall O -glycoprotein O -were O -determined O -by O -electroimmunoassay O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -several O -patients O -suffering O -from O -congenital O -non O -- O -spherocytic O -hemolytic O -anemia O -or O -from O -malignant O -hemotological O -disorder O -associated O -with O -erythrocyte O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -( O -PK O -) O -deficiency O -, O -a O -metabolic O -study O -has O -been O -carried O -out O -involving O -the O -following O -biochemical O -determinations O -: O -assay O -of O -red O -cell O -enzyme O -activities O -; O -estimation O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -consumption O -; O -measurement O -of O -the O -rate O -of O -glycolytic O -intermediates O -; O -and O -, O -in O -some O -cases O -, O -enzyme O -purification O -and O -characterization O -of O -the O -PK O -variant O -. O - -aps B-category -Mammalian O -heart O -muscle O -is O -extremely O -sensitive O -to O -the O -external O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mechanism O -is O -discussed O -which O -bases O -the O -excitation O -- O -contraction O -coupling O -process O -on O -a O -physicochemical O -interaction O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -with O -membrane O -phospholipids O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -propranolol B-Chemical -is O -contraindicated O -in O -some O -patients O -and O -since O -clonidine B-Chemical -can O -decrease O -heart O -rate O -and O -renin O -release O -, O -clonidine B-Chemical -was O -substituted O -for O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -14 O -severely O -hypertensive O -minoxidil B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -outpatients O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -endocrine O -interrelations O -were O -confirmed O -by O -later O -administration O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -to O -4 O -of O -the O -subjects O -under O -controlled O -circumstances O -in O -our O -General O -Clinical O -Research O -Center O -. O - -aps B-category -Clonidine B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -had O -additive O -antihypertensive O -effects O -in O -the O -other O -5 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -clonidine B-Chemical -has O -a O -diuretic B-Chemical -action O -under O -these O -circumstances O -by O -an O -unknown O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolism O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -14C I-Chemical -has O -been O -studied O -in O -man O -following O -catheterization O -of O -the O -portal O -and O -hepatic O -veins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -metabolites O -identified O -in O -portal O -vein O -blood O -were O -the O -mono O -- O -and O -didesetyl O -metabolies O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -" O -first O -- O -pass O -" O -metabolism O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -following O -oral O -administration O -occurs O -in O -the O -small O -bowel O -mucosa O -of O -man O -as O -well O -as O -in O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -frusemide O -does O -not O -reduce O -intracellular O -K O -+ O -concentration O -in O -cardiac O -or O -skeletal O -muscle O -of O -normal O -animals O -receiving O -a O -normal O -oral O -potassium B-Chemical -intake O -. O - -aps B-category -Intra O -- O -arterial O -infusion O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3H I-Chemical -gave O -rise O -to O -tritiated O -dihydrotestosterone O -, O -5 O -alpha O -- O -androstan O -- O -3 O -alpha O -, O -17 O -beta O -- O -diol O -and O -5 O -alpha O -- O -androstan O -- O -3beta O -, O -17 O -beta O -- O -diol O -in O -spermatic O -venous O -effluent O -of O -the O -perfused O -rabbit O -testis O -- O -epididymis O -. O - -aps B-category -Gas O -liquid O -chromatographic O -measurement O -showed O -that O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -dihydrotestosterone O -, O -5 O -alpha O -- O -androstan O -- O -3 O -alpha O -, O -17 O -beta O -- O -diol O -and O -5 O -alpha O -- O -androstan O -- O -3 O -beta O -, O -17 O -beta O -- O -diol O -were O -secreted O -in O -similar O -amounts O -by O -the O -in O -vitro O -perfused O -and O -in O -situ O -rabbit O -testis O -- O -epididymis O -results O -obtained O -by O -perfusing O -the O -testis O -minus O -the O -epididymis O -suggested O -that O -the O -bulk O -of O -these O -androgens B-Chemical -originate O -from O -the O -catabolism O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -within O -the O -testis O -rather O -than O -the O -epididymis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -secretion O -of O -5 O -alpha O -- O -androstan O -- O -3 O -beta O -, O -17 O -beta O -- O -diol O -was O -significantly O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -reduced O -in O -the O -same O -cryptorchid O -compared O -to O -control O -testes O -. O - -aps B-category -Testicular O -androgen B-Chemical -binding O -protein O -( O -ABP O -) O -- O -a O -parameter O -of O -Sertoli O -cell O -secretory O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -monoamines B-Chemical -act O -through O -the O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -release O -to O -influence O -the O -body O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -showed O -that O -sodium B-Chemical -acetylsalicylate I-Chemical -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthetase O -, O -antagonizes O -the O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -induced O -fever O -but O -not O -the O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -fever O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -fact O -strongly O -suggest O -that O -the O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -serves O -as O -a O -fever O -- O -prducing O -mediator O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Formation O -of O -ATP O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -borohydride O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxicity O -due O -to O -drugs O -primarily O -used O -for O -treating O -cardiac O -disorders O -is O -the O -most O -extensively O -documented O -, O -especially O -the O -arrhythmias O -due O -to O -digitalis B-Chemical -glycosides I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Myocardial O -depression O -and O -heart O -failure O -are O -serious O -side O -- O -effects O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agents O -and O -myocardial O -ischaemia O -due O -to O -sympathominetic O -amines B-Chemical -may O -result O -from O -both O -direct O -and O -indirect O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Potential O -cardiac O -toxicity O -due O -to O -drugs O -used O -in O -the O -rapidly O -expanding O -sphere O -of O -anti O -- O -neoplastic O -chemotherapy O -is O -exemplified O -by O -the O -cardiomyopathy O -- O -like O -toxicities O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -and O -daunorubicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -salivary O -fluoride B-Chemical -level O -after O -administration O -of O -fluorides O -and O -fluoride B-Chemical -complex O -salts O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -some O -insomniacs O -under O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -treatment O -is O -noted O -on O -one O -hand O -a O -global O -increase O -of O -dream O -memories O -, O -and O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -an O -increase O -of O -dreams O -with O -unpleasant O -or O -anxious O -contents O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -extrathyroidal O -conversion O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -( O -T4 O -) O -to O -3 O -, O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -- O -triiodothyronine O -( O -T3 O -) O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -assayed O -by O -measuring O -the O -transfer O -of O -[ O -32P O -] O -from O -gamma O -- O -[ O -32P O -] O -- O -GTP O -to O -materials O -not O -adsorbed O -by O -charcoal B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -liver O -enzyme O -appears O -to O -require O -intact O -amino B-Chemical -and O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -for O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -cofactor O -depletion O -on O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -Interactions O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -synthases O -from O -osmoconforming O -and O -osmoregulating O -animals O -with O -salt B-Chemical -: O -possible O -signs O -of O -molecular O -eco O -- O -adaptation O -? O - -aps B-category -It O -had O -been O -shown O -earlier O -that O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -from O -another O -osmoconformer O -( O -oyster O -) O -is O -also O -not O -sensitive O -to O -ionic O -strength O -while O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -from O -osmoregulating O -white O -shrimp O -is O -sensitive O -to O -increasing O -levels O -of O -salt B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Catalytic O -activity O -of O -both O -forms O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -is O -inhibited O -by O -incubation O -in O -distilled O -water O -; O -osmoconformer O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -was O -inhibited O -completely O -in O -7 O -h O -while O -osmoregulator O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -was O -inhibited O -only O -60 O -% O -in O -this O -time O -and O -80 O -% O -after O -22 O -h O -in O -distilled O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -EDTA O -and O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -are O -strongly O -inhibitory O -, O -while O -ATP O -and O -high O -concentrations O -of O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -are O -slightly O -inhibitory O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biosynthesis O -of O -long O -- O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Incorporation O -of O -radioactivity O -from O -stereospecifically O -tritiated O -malonyl O -thiol B-Chemical -esters O -, O -and O -the O -stereochemistry O -of O -the O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -structure O -of O -flavin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxygen I-Chemical -intermediates O -involved O -in O -enzymatic O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -test O -this O -hypothesis O -, O -modified O -flavin O -coenzymes O -carrying O -an O -oxygen B-Chemical -substituent O -at O -position O -C O -( O -4a O -) O -of O -the O -isoalloxazine O -ring O -were O -synthesized O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -appropriate O -conditions O -they O -simulate O -satisfactorily O -the O -spectra O -of O -the O -transient O -enzymatic O -oxygen B-Chemical -adducts O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -phosphorus B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -magnetic I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resonance I-Chemical -study O -of O -the O -interaction O -of O -Mg2 O -+ O -with O -adenyl O -- O -5 O -' O -- O -yl O -imidodiphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -Mg2 O -+ O -ions O -with O -adenyl O -- O -5 O -' O -- O -yl O -imidodiphosphate O -, O -AMP O -- O -P O -( O -NH O -) O -P O -, O -has O -been O -studied O -at O -basic O -and O -acidic O -pH O -values O -by O -phosphorus B-Chemical -magnetic O -resonance O -spectroscopy O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -arises O -from O -1 O -: O -1 O -complexing O -of O -Mg2 O -+ O -to O -AMP O -- O -P O -( O -NH O -) O -P O -. O -The O -mode O -of O -the O -Mg2 O -+ O -binding O -on O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -chain O -remains O -the O -same O -at O -both O -basic O -and O -acidic O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -reacts O -with O -nickel O -cytochrome O -c O -to O -form O -the O -nitrosyl O -derivative O -with O -( O -formula O -: O -see O -text O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -, O -000 O -IU O -are O -administered O -during O -3 O -consecutive O -days O -with O -a O -new O -testosterone B-Chemical -determination O -24 O -and O -72 O -h O -after O -the O -last O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -early O -development O -of O -hypertension O -in O -the O -SHR O -, O -the O -activities O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -the O -hypothalamus O -and O -corpus O -striatum O -and O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -in O -the O -hypothalamus O -and O -pons O -- O -medulla O -were O -significantly O -higher O -than O -in O -the O -control O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -activities O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -were O -slightly O -decreased O -in O -the O -DOCA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -and O -renal O -hypertensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -ST O -- O -91 O -and O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -clonidine B-Chemical -had O -acute O -antihypertensive O -activity O -at O -all O -doses O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -acceleration O -induced O -by O -low O -frequency O -electrical O -stimulation O -of O -right O -cardiac O -sympathetic O -nerves O -in O -anesthetized O -and O -vagotomized O -dogs O -was O -reduced O -by O -St O -- O -91 O -at O -the O -same O -doses O -by O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -St O -- O -91 O -, O -like O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -stimulates O -inhibitory O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -at O -the O -sympathetic O -nerve O -endings O -but O -, O -unlike O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -is O -substantially O -devoid O -of O -acute O -antihypertensive O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -effect O -of O -droperidol B-Chemical -on O -isolated O -smooth O -muscles O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -droperidol B-Chemical -on O -the O -vasoconstriction O -induced O -by O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -sympathetic O -nerve O -stimulation O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -was O -studied O -on O -isolated O -, O -perfused O -ear O -arteries O -; O -its O -effect O -on O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contraction O -was O -studied O -on O -isolated O -aorta O -, O -spleen O -and O -vas O -deferens O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -doses O -of O -droperidol B-Chemical -inhibit O -the O -vasoconstriction O -induced O -by O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -sympathetic O -nerve O -stimulation O -in O -the O -ear O -artery O -of O -the O -rabbit O -( O -3 O -. O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -9 O -) O -M O -and O -1 O -. O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -doses O -of O -droperidol B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -) O -also O -inhibit O -the O -vasoconstriction O -of O -the O -ear O -artery O -induced O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -by O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Withdrawal O -syndrome O -upon O -cessation O -of O -chronic O -clonidine B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -were O -treated O -with O -clonidine B-Chemical -in O -the O -drinking O -water O -( O -5 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -; O -total O -dose O -300 O -- O -500 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -) O -which O -produced O -a O -significant O -( O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenal O -denervation O -prevented O -the O -rise O -in O -adrenal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -seen O -after O -cessation O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -indicate O -that O -a O -withdrawal O -syndrome O -is O -produced O -upon O -cessation O -of O -chronic O -clonidine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -testosterone B-Chemical -synthesis O -by O -testicular O -tissue O -of O -old O -mouse O -: O -the O -metabolism O -of O -3beta O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -5 O -- O -ene O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -application O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -benzoate O -, O -camphor O -, O -metrasol O -, O -lobeline O -hydrochloride O -and O -cytisine O -, O -employed O -in O -different O -doses O -, O -proved O -to O -be O -little O -effective O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -attended O -by O -changes O -in O -respiration O -( O -greater O -on O -introduction O -of O -phentanyl O -, O -and O -lesser O -, O -following O -administration O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -) O -and O -by O -shifts O -in O -the O -functional O -state O -of O -the O -tissues O -( O -greater O -on O -introduction O -of O -trimeperidine O -and O -lesser O -after O -aministration O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -of O -excitability O -, O -contractility O -, O -temperature O -, O -activity O -of O -oxydation O -- O -reduction O -enzymes O -, O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -, O -and O -of O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -studied O -in O -m O -. O -m O -. O -gastrocnemii O -of O -rabbits O -and O -rats O -during O -activity O -, O -after O -administration O -of O -1 O -unit O -per O -100 O -g O -of O -corticotropin B-Chemical -( O -ACTH B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Besides O -, O -the O -ACTH B-Chemical -elicits O -no O -regular O -changes O -of O -the O -oxydation O -- O -- O -reduction O -enzymes O -activity O -during O -a O -short O -- O -lasting O -muscular O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Profound O -lymphocyte O -depletion O -occurs O -in O -thymus O -, O -lymph O -nodes O -and O -spleens O -of O -normal O -and O -thymectomized O -mice O -early O -after O -a O -single O -high O -sublethal O -dose O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -changes O -in O -the O -early O -period O -, O -the O -recovery O -of O -the O -" O -active O -" O -lymphocytes O -and O -GVH O -reactivity O -, O -which O -is O -still O -incomplete O -on O -day O -14 O -, O -depends O -on O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -intact O -thymus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -( O -dalmane O -) O -as O -a O -substitute O -for O -barbiturates O -and O -methaqualone O -/ O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -( O -mandrax O -) O -in O -general O -practice O -. O - -aps B-category -Eighty O -- O -four O -per O -cent O -of O -patients O -were O -successfully O -changed O -to O -flurazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -three O -month O -period O -of O -the O -study O -none O -of O -the O -well O -- O -known O -disadvantages O -of O -the O -barbiturates O -and O -methaqualone O -/ O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -were O -seen O -with O -flurazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Arrhenius O -plots O -of O -the O -data O -were O -found O -to O -be O -biphasic O -for O -basal O -AC O -activity O -, O -with O -a O -break O -near O -27 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Noradrenaline O -and O -corticotropin B-Chemical -induced O -a O -shift O -in O -the O -break O -with O -a O -rise O -in O -energy O -of O -activation O -( O -Ea O -) O -on O -both O -sides O -of O -the O -break O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Neurospora O -crassa O -super O -- O -suppressor O -mutation O -, O -ssu O -- O -1 O -, O -suppresses O -the O -auxotrophic O -phenotype O -of O -the O -mutant O -am O -( O -17 O -) O -by O -inserting O -tyrosine B-Chemical -at O -residue O -313 O -of O -NADP O -- O -specific O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -a O -position O -occupied O -in O -the O -wild O -type O -by O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Leu313 O -and O -Tyr313 O -variants O -of O -the O -enzyme O -have O -effective O -activity O -but O -are O -grossly O -different O -from O -the O -wild O -type O -in O -Michaelis O -constants O -( O -especially O -for O -ammonium B-Chemical -) O -and O -heat O -stabilities O -at O -two O -different O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -exposed O -to O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -at O -room O -temperature O -, O -fibrinogen O -precipitated O -almost O -immediately O -and O -quantitatively O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -findings O -were O -obtained O -with O -fibrinogen O -exposed O -to O -5 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -, O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Ditazole O -( O -4 O -, O -5 O -- O -diphenyl O -- O -2 O -- O -bis O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -hydroxyethyl O -) O -- O -aminoxazol O -) O -is O -a O -new O -drug O -shown O -to O -inhibit O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -release O -from O -rat O -platelets O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -could O -be O -due O -to O -the O -inhibition O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -formation O -at O -the O -side O -of O -the O -vascular O -injury O -produced O -to O -induce O -bleeding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -brains O -taken O -for O -studies O -were O -fixed O -in O -Baker O -' O -s O -formalin B-Chemical -for O -1 O -, O -5 O -hr O -, O -thereafter O -grinded O -and O -homogenized O -in O -chloroform B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methanol I-Chemical -solution O -supplemented O -up O -to O -100 O -ml O -of O -final O -volume O -after O -homogenisation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -into O -the O -incubation O -media O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -and O -N O -, O -N O -- O -diethyl O -- O -p O -- O -phenylenediamine O -enhances O -the O -reduction O -of O -Nitro O -- O -BT O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -Tween O -- O -80 O -supplementation O -in O -submerged O -culture O -of O -Aspergillus O -fumigatus O -resulted O -in O -an O -increase O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Cold O -osmotic O -shock O -treatment O -of O -the O -cultures O -was O -found O -to O -cause O -considerable O -reduction O -in O -the O -ability O -to O -take O -up O -phosphorus B-Chemical -with O -concomitant O -release O -of O -the O -binding O -protein O -into O -the O -shock O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Blood O -picture O -in O -lactate B-Chemical -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -differentiation O -between O -lactate B-Chemical -emia O -( O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -emia O -) O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -acidosis O -( O -lactic O -acidosis O -) O -is O -made O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -term O -lactate B-Chemical -emia O -is O -used O -for O -lactate B-Chemical -values O -between O -2 O -- O -6 O -mmol O -/ O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -the O -different O -buffer O -mechanisms O -are O -evaluated O -in O -respect O -to O -their O -influence O -on O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -blood O -and O -to O -lactate B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -disease O -entity O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -blood O -lactate B-Chemical -concentrations O -can O -be O -achieved O -by O -means O -of O -intravenous O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -metabolic O -condition O -is O -called O -lactate B-Chemical -alcalosis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -metabolic O -increase O -of O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -/ O -pyruvate B-Chemical -quotient O -( O -normal O -values O -being O -10 O -- O -20 O -) O -can O -be O -attained O -during O -the O -intravenous O -application O -of O -polyalcohols O -( O -like O -xylitol O -or O -sorbitol O -) O -or O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increase O -in O -the O -anion O -- O -gap O -with O -a O -simultaneous O -decrease O -in O -blood O -- O -pH O -is O -not O -significant O -for O -a O -lactate B-Chemical -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -insulin O -and O -proinsulin O -to O -stimulate O -tyrosine B-Chemical -transaminase O -in O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -cultured O -rat O -liver O -cells O -was O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -Slices O -and O -homogenates O -were O -incubated O -with O -identical O -concentrations O -of O -tissue O -and O -substrate O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -absence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -several O -arguments O -, O -including O -a O -review O -of O -the O -literature O -, O -strongly O -militate O -against O -the O -hypothesis O -of O -an O -increased O -intracellular O -concentration O -of O -the O -coenzyme O -NADPH B-Chemical -being O -the O -prerequisite O -to O -enhanced O -deiodination O -. O - -aps B-category -Even O -purified O -preparations O -appear O -to O -contain O -traces O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -ions O -firmly O -bound O -, O -since O -a O -residual O -activity O -is O -found O -without O -addition O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -salts O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -induction O -can O -be O -prevented O -by O -thymidine B-Chemical -but O -not O -by O -deoxycytidine O -or O -deoxyuridine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -some O -antihistaminic O -drugs O -namely O -antazoline O -hydrochloride O -, O -diphenhy O -, O -dramine O -hydrochloride O -and O -mepyramine O -maleate B-Chemical -has O -been O -investigated O -on O -the O -oestrous O -cycle O -in O -albino O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -reported O -that O -trypan B-Chemical -blue I-Chemical -treatment O -decreases O -the O -nonspecific O -resistance O -of O -mice O -to O -transplanted O -tumors O -and O -inhibits O -the O -in O -vitro O -cytotoxic O -activity O -of O -activated O -macrophages O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -therefore O -tested O -the O -effects O -of O -trypan B-Chemical -blue I-Chemical -on O -a O -variety O -of O -immunological O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -Filtration O -of O -lymph O -node O -cells O -from O -trypan B-Chemical -blue I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -donors O -on O -a O -nylon O -wool O -column O -before O -use O -in O -the O -graft O -- O -versus O -- O -host O -assay O -abrogated O -the O -depressive O -effect O -of O -trypan B-Chemical -blue I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -primary O -and O -secondary O -hemagglutinin O -responses O -to O -sheep O -erythrocytes O -were O -unaffected O -in O -trypan B-Chemical -blue I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -mice O -, O -and O -the O -proportion O -and O -phagocytic O -activity O -of O -thioglycolate O -- O -induced O -peritoneal O -macrophages O -were O -also O -unaltered O -. O - -aps B-category -Bacterial O -multiplication O -was O -inhibited O -with O -tetracycline B-Chemical -at O -various O -intervals O -after O -infection O -, O -and O -the O -subsequent O -clearance O -of O -pneumococci O -was O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Assay O -of O -aminoglycosides B-Chemical -in O -serum O -using O -the O -urease O -method O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Mild O -alkaline O -hydrolysis O -of O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -endotoxin O -enhances O -its O -mitogencity O -for O -murine O -B O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Alkaline O -treated O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -also O -retained O -its O -property O -as O -a O -polyclonal O -activator O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -of O -these O -effect O -on O -the O -structure O -of O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -endotoxin O -to O -the O -mechanism O -of O -B O -- O -lymphocyte O -activation O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Specimens O -from O -five O -human O -donors O -and O -ten O -bulls O -were O -separated O -, O -checked O -for O -purity O -, O -and O -frozen O -in O -liquid O -nitrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rabbit O -spermatozoa O -were O -labelled O -in O -vivo O -injecting O -male O -rabbits O -with O -thymidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -H3 I-Chemical -and O -thymidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C14 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Fertilized O -ova O -originating O -from O -rabbits O -that O -had O -been O -mated O -with O -both O -an O -H3 O -- O -and O -C14 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -labelled O -buck O -carried O -both O -labels O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -, O -a O -single O -injection O -( O -100 O -mg O -) O -on O -day O -5 O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -pregnancy O -; O -this O -system O -has O -been O -employed O -for O -the O -assay O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -because O -hamsters O -are O -remarkably O -sensitive O -to O -PG O -' O -s O -( O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -, O -ED50 O -approximately O -equal O -to O -17 O -microgram O -, O -PGE2 B-Chemical -, O -ED50 O -approximately O -equal O -to O -210 O -microgram O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthetase O -inhibits O -the O -motility O -suggesting O -a O -role O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -in O -this O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -semiquantitative O -paper O -chromatographic O -method O -for O -the O -separation O -of O -myo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inositol I-Chemical -and O -fructose O -in O -human O -seminal O -fluid O -was O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Testicular O -endocrine O -function O -in O -vasectotomized O -rat O -was O -transiently O -stimulated O -as O -witnessed O -by O -elevation O -in O -testicular O -venous O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -androstenedione O -after O -four O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -production O -and O -metabolism O -in O -laboratory O -- O -maintained O -male O -rhesus O -monkeys O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -testosterone B-Chemical -levels O -in O -October O -were O -higher O -than O -those O -in O -April O -and O -August O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -LH O -FSH O -estradiol B-Chemical -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -responses O -to O -acute O -stimulation O -with O -LH O -- O -RH O -were O -studied O -in O -12 O -normal O -women O -with O -ovulatory O -cycles O -( O -4 O -in O -the O -initial O -follicular O -phase O -, O -4 O -in O -the O -mid O -- O -follicular O -phase O -and O -4 O -in O -the O -late O -follicular O -phase O -) O -and O -in O -two O -castrated O -women O -, O -two O -under O -hormonal O -contraception O -, O -two O -with O -ovarian O -amenorrhea O -, O -twelve O -with O -central O -amenorrhea O -of O -no O -detectable O -origin O -( O -6 O -with O -normal O -and O -6 O -with O -low O -basal O -gonadotrophins O -) O -, O -eleven O -anovulatory O -patients O -with O -pseudomenstruation O -, O -two O -with O -anorexia O -nervosa O -, O -and O -two O -with O -pituitary O -amenorrhea O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -were O -: O -1 O -) O -A O -significant O -rise O -in O -estradiol B-Chemical -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -levels O -, O -in O -addition O -to O -LH O -and O -FSH O -elevation O -, O -in O -normal O -women O -; O -2 O -) O -A O -lack O -of O -ovarian O -steroid B-Chemical -response O -in O -the O -castrated O -women O -and O -in O -ovarian O -amenorrheas O -, O -which O -suggests O -that O -the O -source O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -response O -to O -stimulation O -is O -not O -extragonadal O -; O -3 O -) O -Significant O -differences O -in O -the O -responses O -of O -the O -four O -hormones O -to O -LH O -- O -RH O -in O -the O -women O -with O -central O -amenorrhea O -in O -comparison O -with O -the O -normal O -group O -with O -great O -variability O -of O -results O -; O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -response O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -positive O -LH O -response O -might O -correlate O -with O -the O -severity O -and O -/ O -or O -prognosis O -of O -the O -disorder O -, O -a O -point O -deserving O -further O -study O -; O -4 O -) O -In O -anovulatory O -women O -with O -pseudomenstruation O -, O -LH O -responses O -for O -the O -most O -part O -normal O -, O -and O -particularly O -, O -progesterone B-Chemical -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -Estradiol B-Chemical -response O -in O -this O -group O -was O -slightly O -lower O -and O -more O -sustained O -than O -in O -normal O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -' O -in O -vivo O -' O -effects O -of O -oxytocin B-Chemical -and O -vasopressin B-Chemical -on O -spontaneous O -contractility O -of O -the O -rat O -epididymis O -. O - -aps B-category -Vasopressin B-Chemical -( O -100 O -muU O -and O -1000 O -muU O -/ O -100 O -g O -body O -weight O -) O -showed O -similar O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acid O -denaturation O -of O -bovine O -pancreatic O -ribonuclease O -A O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -0 O -. O -2M O -sodium B-Chemical -dihydrogen O -phosphate B-Chemical -has O -been O -studied O -by O -n O -. O -m O -. O -r O -. O - -aps B-category -Exchange O -broadening O -of O -the O -C O -- O -2 O -resonances O -of O -the O -active O -site O -histidines O -, O -12 O -and O -119 O -, O -occurs O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -an O -equilibrium O -between O -native O -and O -unfolded O -structures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -levels O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -in O -brain O -homogenates O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -rats O -have O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -major O -catabolic O -pathways O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -e O -. O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -acetyl O -cholinesterase O -and O -butiryl O -- O -cholinesterase O -markedly O -decreased O -in O -the O -plasma O -of O -the O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mechanism O -of O -reaction O -has O -been O -proposed O -in O -which O -the O -release O -of O -products O -follows O -the O -sequence O -: O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -, O -aldehyde B-Chemical -, O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -flow O -was O -stopped O -, O -we O -measured O -the O -pH O -change O -which O -occurs O -in O -blood O -( O -after O -it O -leaves O -the O -lungs O -) O -as O -the O -slow O -dehydration O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -continues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -has O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -230 O -, O -000 O -as O -determined O -by O -gel O -filtration O -, O -is O -highly O -substrate O -specific O -, O -and O -has O -a O -Km O -for O -urea B-Chemical -of O -0 O -. O -7 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -Urease O -was O -present O -at O -a O -high O -level O -when O -the O -cells O -were O -starved O -for O -nitrogen B-Chemical -; O -its O -synthesis O -was O -repressed O -when O -the O -external O -ammonia B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -high O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -synthesis O -was O -controlled O -by O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -formation O -of O -urease O -is O -regulated O -like O -that O -of O -other O -enzymes O -of O -K O -. O -aerogenes O -capable O -of O -supplying O -the O -cell O -with O -ammonia B-Chemical -or O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rhodospirillum O -rubrum O -grew O -anaerobically O -in O -darkness O -and O -fermented O -sodium B-Chemical -pyruvate B-Chemical -by O -a O -pyruvate B-Chemical -formate O -- O -lyase O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Cell O -extracts O -also O -catalyzed O -the O -exchange O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -[ O -14C O -] O -formate O -into O -sodium B-Chemical -pyruvate B-Chemical -at O -an O -apparent O -pH O -optimum O -of O -7 O -. O -3 O -to O -7 O -. O -5 O -, O -but O -only O -about O -2 O -. O -5 O -micronmol O -of O -acetylphosphate O -was O -produced O -at O -this O -lower O -pH O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -its O -participation O -in O -pyruvate B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -anaerobic O -dark O -- O -grown O -cells O -was O -not O -understood O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -H2 O -production O -by O -a O -light O -- O -dependent O -H2 O -- O -nitrogenase O -system O -in O -photosynthetically O -grown O -cells O -, O -H2 O -formation O -in O -fermenting O -R O -. O -rubrum O -occurred O -through O -a O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -formic O -hydrogenlyase O -reaction O -not O -influenced O -by O -light O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -polyamines O -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -to O -synthetic O -polynucleotides O -has O -been O -studied O -by O -gel O -filtration O -on O -a O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -50 O -column O -. O - -aps B-category -Affinity O -labeling O -of O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -related I-Chemical -enzymes O -with O -reactive O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -analogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Rabbit O -muscle O -glyceraldehyde O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -GPD O -) O -and O -myokinase O -( O -MK O -) O -were O -rapidly O -inactivated O -by O -a O -reactive O -AMP O -analog O -, O -N6 O -- O -( O -p O -- O -bromoacetaminobenzyl O -) O -- O -AMP O -, O -under O -mild O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Modified O -GPD O -or O -MK O -had O -no O -affinity O -for O -AMP O -- O -Sepharose O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -native O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Stereochemical O -studies O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -incorporation O -from O -nucleotides O -with O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -Brevibacterium O -ammoniagenes O -. O - -aps B-category -Fatty O -acids O -synthesized O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -D2O O -and O -stereospecifically O -deuterated O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -NADH O -were O -isolated O -and O -analyzed O -by O -mass O -chromatography O -to O -examine O -the O -localization O -of O -deuterium O -in O -the O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -) O -HB O -hydrogen B-Chemical -of O -NADH O -was O -used O -for O -enoyl O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -) O -Hydrogen O -atoms O -from O -NADPH B-Chemical -was O -found O -on O -the O -odd O -- O -numbered O -methylene O -carbon B-Chemical -atoms O -( O -1 O -hydrogen B-Chemical -per O -carbon B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -exchange O -of O -HB O -hydrogen B-Chemical -of O -NADH O -with O -water O -catalyzed O -by O -enoyl O -reductase O -was O -suspected O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -obtain O -information O -on O -the O -nature O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -involved O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -ribonuclease O -U1 O -[ O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -8 O -] O -, O -various O -chemical O -modifications O -of O -the O -enzyme O -were O -carried O -out O -. O - -aps B-category -capable O -of O -assimilating O -sodium B-Chemical -cyclamate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -thus O -can O -be O -classified O -as O -an O -amine B-Chemical -oxidase O -; O -it O -utilized O -oxygen B-Chemical -as O -the O -ultimate O -electron O -acceptor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -participation O -of O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -in O -the O -enzymic O -action O -was O -also O -suggested O -by O -the O -observation O -that O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -inhibited O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -PCMB O -and O -could O -be O -recovered O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Phenylalanine I-Chemical -ammonia B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lyase I-Chemical -( O -PAL O -) O -activity O -was O -developed O -in O -response O -to O -cut O -injury O -in O -sweet O -potato O -root O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrophoresis O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -yielded O -a O -single O -stained O -protein O -band O -which O -corresponded O -to O -a O -subunit O -weight O -of O -80 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amine B-Chemical -ceases O -to O -respond O -to O -pH O -changes O -when O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -external O -medium O -exceeds O -the O -value O -of O -10 O -, O -corresponsing O -to O -the O -pKa O -of O -9 O -- O -aminoacridine O -. O - -aps B-category -CDP O -- O -diglyceride O -: O -inositol B-Chemical -transferase O -from O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -estimated O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -to O -be O -60 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -inhibited O -by O -thiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -reactive I-Chemical -reagents O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -site O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -guanosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Alkylation O -of O -GMP O -synthetase O -with O -iodacetamide O -selectively O -inactivated O -glutamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -GMP O -synthetase O -exhibits O -glutaminase O -activity O -when O -ATP O -is O -replaced O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -plus O -PPi O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -pH O -versus O -velocity O -and O -Km O -data O -indicates O -that O -the O -amide O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -remains O -enzyme O -bound O -and O -does O -not O -mix O -with O -exogenous O -NH3 O -in O -the O -synthesis O -of O -GMP O -. O - -aps B-category -Modulation O -by O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -hormone O -has O -a O -single O -electrophoretic O -component O -in O -polyacrylamide O -gels O -at O -pH O -9 O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -at O -pH O -7 O -, O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -ADP O -and O -alpha O -, O -beta O -- O -methylene O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -are O -competitive O -dead O -end O -inhibitors O -of O -ATP O -, O -while O -the O -latter O -is O -a O -noncompetitive O -dead O -end O -inhibitor O -of O -the O -tRNA O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Purine O -triphosphate O -nucleosides B-Chemical -were O -found O -to O -be O -better O -phosphate B-Chemical -donors O -than O -the O -pyrimidine O -triphosphate O -nucleosides B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -GTP O -is O -the O -most O -efficient O -substrate O -, O -with O -GDP O -being O -1 O -/ O -17 O -as O -active O -and O -guanosine B-Chemical -, O -GMP O -, O -and O -ATP O -being O -inactive O -. O - -aps B-category -Inducible O -membrane O -- O -bound O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Prior O -administration O -of O -nerve O -growth O -factor O -in O -vivo O -, O -however O -, O -leads O -to O -an O -augmented O -synthesis O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -ganglia O -subsequently O -cultured O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -actinomycin O -D O -or O -of O -nerve O -growth O -factor O -antibody O -in O -vivo O -prevented O -the O -nerve O -growth O -factor O -- O -induced O -increase O -in O -the O -differential O -rate O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -synthesis O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Relationship O -between O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -proton O -efflux O -and O -membrane O -energization O -in O -cells O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -where O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -perfusate O -of O -heart O -- O -lung O -machine O -was O -made O -high O -and O -no O -potassium B-Chemical -was O -given O -until O -two O -hours O -after O -by O -- O -pass O -, O -the O -fall O -of O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -level O -due O -to O -heart O -- O -lung O -bypass O -occurred O -in O -two O -stages O -, O -namely O -one O -hour O -of O -complete O -bypass O -and O -two O -hours O -after O -the O -end O -of O -bypass O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -examined O -the O -possible O -role O -of O -the O -pneumococcal O -autolytic O -enzyme O -( O -an O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylmuramyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -amidase O -) O -in O -the O -loss O -of O -viability O -and O -degradation O -of O -pneumococci O -during O -phagocytosis O -by O -rabbit O -polymorphonuclear O -leukocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -growth O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -influx O -in O -cultured O -, O -bovine O -, O -aortic O -endothelial O -cells O -by O -platelets O -and O -vasoactive O -substances O -. O - -aps B-category -Local O -anesthetics O -inhibit O -the O -exhange O -transport O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -human O -erythroytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversion O -in O -expression O -of O -hypoxanthine O -- O -guanine O -phosphoribosyltransferase O -in O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thioguanine I-Chemical -resistant O -neuroblastoma O -: O -evidence O -for O -reduced O -enzyme O -levels O -associated O -with O -unaltered O -catalytic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -hypoxanthine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopterin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -resistant O -revertant O -clone O -had O -45 O -- O -55 O -% O -of O -wild O -- O -type O -cell O -HGPRT O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -improved O -electrolytic O -conductivity O -detector O -allowed O -the O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatographic O -analysis O -of O -medazepam O -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -and O -major O -metabolites O -in O -2 O -ml O -plasma O -at O -concentrations O -of O -20 O -microgram O -/ O -l O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -an O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -silica I-Chemical -column O -for O -the O -high O -- O -performance O -liquid O -chromatographic O -analysis O -of O -synthetic O -oligodeoxy O -- O -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -eluting O -with O -0 O -. O -10 O -M O -potassium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -solution O -of O -pH O -3 O -. O -30 O -, O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -composition O -of O -oligonucleotides O -can O -be O -established O -within O -15 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -an O -H2 O -- O -antihistamine O -, O -stimulates O -prolactin O -secretion O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Diphenhydramine B-Chemical -, O -an O -H1 O -- O -antagonist O -, O -was O -without O -effect O -on O -any O -of O -the O -hormones O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -a O -new O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -on O -the O -polygraphically O -monitored O -sleep O -of O -normal O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -Multiclinic O -double O -- O -blind O -comparison O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -and O -flurazepam B-Chemical -for O -seven O -nights O -in O -outpatients O -with O -insomnia O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -clinical O -investigators O -completed O -118 O -outpatients O -, O -61 O -on O -triazolam B-Chemical -and O -57 O -on O -flurazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -pooled O -data O -for O -the O -110 O -evaluable O -patients O -showed O -that O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -triazolam B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -better O -than O -30 O -mg O -flurazepam B-Chemical -on O -the O -following O -parameters O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -how O -much O -the O -medication O -helped O -the O -patients O -sleep O -, O -( O -2 O -) O -onset O -of O -sleep O -, O -( O -3 O -) O -duration O -of O -sleep O -, O -( O -4 O -) O -evaluation O -of O -duration O -of O -sleep O -, O -and O -( O -5 O -) O -feeling O -of O -restfulness O -in O -the O -morning O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -a O -new O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivate O -, O -clobazam O -, O -in O -anxious O -patients O -with O -gastrointestinal O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -Anxiolytic O -treatment O -consisted O -of O -30 O -mg O -/ O -day O -clobazam O -( O -HR O -376 O -) O -or O -15 O -mg O -/ O -day O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -given O -in O -a O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -concentration O -on O -activity O -of O -enzymes O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -assimilation O -and O -on O -synthesis O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -by O -mixed O -rumen O -bacteria O -in O -continuous O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -pH O -and O -partial O -pressures O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -also O -were O -measured O -in O -samples O -collected O -from O -the O -jugular O -vein O -of O -the O -cow O -and O -the O -caudal O -aorta O -and O -vena O -cava O -of O -the O -fetus O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -of O -fetal O -plasma O -increased O -towards O -term O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -last O -24 O -h O -before O -calving O -maternal O -partial O -pressure O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -was O -high O -and O -fetal O -blood O -pH O -was O -low O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -histochemical O -mapping O -of O -candidate O -transmitter O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -cat O -cochlear O -nucleus O -. O - -aps B-category -NH4Cl O -- O -induced O -acidosis O -in O -rats O -resulted O -in O -renal O -enlargement O -and O -increase O -in O -activities O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -glutaminase O -and O -glutamic O -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -treatment O -of O -the O -donors O -with O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -a O -marked O -decrease O -of O -the O -capacity O -of O -their O -spleen O -cells O -to O -produce O -a O -CMC O -reaction O -, O -whereas O -the O -treatment O -with O -antithymocyte O -serum O -( O -ATS O -) O -resulted O -in O -an O -almost O -complete O -loss O -of O -such O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -susceptibility O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -and O -Proteus O -mirabilis O -to O -mouse O -urine O -and O -to O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -urea B-Chemical -to O -urine O -from O -diuresing O -animals O -restored O -its O -bactericidal O -effect O -on O -P O -. O -mirabilis O -but O -not O -on O -E O -. O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Mammalian O -ribonucleotide O -reductase O -is O -a O -complex O -enzyme O -modified O -in O -its O -activity O -by O -a O -complex O -regulatory O -system O -involving O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -( O -ATP O -) O -and O -deoxyribonucleoside O -triphosphates O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -release O -by O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -activation O -: O -interaction O -with O -Na O -, O -K O -- O -ATPase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -K O -+ O -- O -free O -medium O -or O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -) O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -naphazoline B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -on O -CA O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -PGE2 B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -release O -of O -CA O -both O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -K O -+ O -, O -as O -well O -as O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -PGE2 B-Chemical -acts O -through O -a O -different O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Locomotor O -stimulation O -induced O -in O -mice O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -amphetamine B-Chemical -was O -antagonized O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -gamma O -- O -butyrolactone O -( O -GBL O -) O -and O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxyacetic I-Chemical -acid O -( O -AOAA O -) O -at O -doses O -which O -had O -little O -effect O -on O -saline O -treated O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -and O -AOAA O -were O -found O -to O -have O -opposite O -effects O -on O -CA O -turnover O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -AOAA O -also O -antagonized O -the O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -increase O -in O -CA O -turnover O -. O - -aps B-category -Tyrosine O -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -nerve O -terminals O -and O -cell O -bodies O -of O -the O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -nucleotide B-Chemical -accumulation O -in O -vitro O -in O -the O -cerebellum O -of O -' O -nervous O -' O -neurologically O -mutant O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -site O -of O -origin O -of O -transmitter O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -released O -by O -depolarization O -of O -nerve O -terminals O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -cystine O -on O -the O -metabolism O -on O -methionine B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -tissues O -were O -examined O -for O -enzymes O -which O -are O -known O -to O -utilize O -coenzyme O -forms O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -, O -only O -methylmalonyl O -CoA O -mutase O -, O -which O -requires O -adenosylcobalamin O -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -taken O -up O -by O -spargana O -was O -found O -to O -be O -released O -in O -vivo O -with O -a O -biological O -half O -- O -life O -of O -about O -7 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -that O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -releases O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -in O -the O -sympathetic O -fibre O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -activity O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -in O -carrageenan B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -oedema O -, O -in O -cellulose O -pellet O -granuloma O -and O -in O -both O -developing O -and O -established O -adjuvant O -arthritis O -tests O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -weak O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthetase O -inhibiting O -properties O -of O -this O -compound O -differentiate O -it O -from O -other O -acid O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -changes O -in O -glycerolipid O -synthesis O -in O -rats O -and O -their O -partial O -reversal O -by O -N O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -benzoyloxyethyl O -) O -norfenfluramine O -( O -benfluorex O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -corresponding O -nitro O -compound O -, O -ketone B-Chemical -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -were O -also O -products O -, O -the O -latter O -two O -but O -not O -the O -former O -being O -cofactor O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -Orthogonal O -polynomial O -functions O -have O -been O -used O -in O -the O -simultaneous O -determination O -of O -mixtures O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -and O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -in O -pharmaceutical O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -Autoxidation O -of O -N O -- O -hydroxyphenylalkylamines O -: O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -some O -anions O -on O -copper B-Chemical -catalysed O -autoxidation O -of O -N O -- O -hydroxyphentermine O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphate O -and O -carbonate O -buffers O -had O -a O -similar O -effect O -with O -halides O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffers O -being O -the O -most O -inhibitory O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subsequent O -decrease O -in O -surface O -area O -, O -after O -this O -maximum O -, O -was O -considered O -to O -be O -due O -to O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -dissolution O -and O -was O -also O -first O -order O -rate O -controlled O -. O - -aps B-category -Separate O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -effects O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -flurbiprofen B-Chemical -and O -benoxaprofen O -. O - -aps B-category -Lack O -of O -supersensitivity O -to O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -following O -chronic O -methysergide B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -on O -the O -spectrophotometric O -determination O -of O -cholinesterase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Studies O -on O -antipsychotic O -drug O -of O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Methods O -were O -developed O -for O -quantitating O -epimerization O -to O -epihetacillin O -and O -hydrolysis O -to O -ampicillin B-Chemical -in O -the O -alkaline O -degradation O -of O -hetacillin O -, O -and O -both O -rates O -in O -deuterium O -oxide O -at O -35 O -degrees O -and O -in O -water O -at O -various O -temperatures O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -chronotropic O -and O -inotropic O -responses O -were O -not O -altered O -consistently O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -antagonists O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -and O -metiamide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ground O -- O -and O -excited O -- O -state O -dissociation O -constants O -and O -the O -electronic O -absorption O -and O -fluorescence O -spectra O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -were O -investigated O -by O -spectrophotometry O -. O - -aps B-category -Solubility O -and O -ionization O -characteristics O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -obtained O -from O -the O -buffer O -solutions O -were O -used O -to O -calculate O -the O -apparent O -dissociation O -constant O -, O -pKa O -' O -, O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -as O -8 O -. O -06 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -assay O -uses O -chloroform B-Chemical -of O -extraction O -of O -the O -drug O -from O -aqueous O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -hydroalcoholic O -solutions O -enhanced O -drug O -solubility O -, O -there O -is O -a O -potentially O -significant O -disadvantage O -in O -using O -alcohol B-Chemical -for O -clinical O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Azepatine O -, O -a O -potent O -alpha O -adrenergic O -antagonist O -, O -was O -catalytically O -reduced O -with O -tritium O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -gas O -to O -form O -dihydroazapetine O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -given O -30 O -seconds O -prior O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -challenge O -, O -reproducibly O -blocked O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -dynamic O -compliance O -decreases O -and O -increased O -heart O -in O -the O -artificially O -ventilated O -guinea O -pig O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -practolol O -and O -dichloroisoproterenol O -were O -cardioselective O -; O -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -the O -most O -potent O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -were O -ineffective O -in O -blocking O -methacholine O -- O -induced O -tracheal O -chain O -contractions O -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -did O -not O -significantly O -enhance O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Ambient O -pressure O -effects O -on O -atmospheric O -oxygen B-Chemical -levels O -in O -patrol O -submarines O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -investigation O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -external O -acidification O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -transport O -, O -internal O -pH O -and O -membrane O -potential O -in O -barnacle O -muscle O -fibers O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -release O -from O -stretch O -sinus O -rate O -immediately O -returned O -to O -the O -control O -rate O -, O -and O -there O -was O -occasionally O -a O -slowing O -to O -rates O -lower O -than O -control O -in O -verapamil B-Chemical -treated O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -binding O -macromolecule O -in O -soluble O -fraction O -of O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -a O -newly O -synthesized O -beta O -- O -blocker O -, O -5 O -- O -( O -3 O -- O -tert O -- O -butylamino O -- O -2 O -- O -hydroxy O -) O -propoxy O -- O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydrocarbostyril O -( O -OPC O -- O -1085 O -) O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -these O -effects O -were O -about O -10 O -times O -weaker O -than O -those O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -almost O -no O -change O -in O -the O -action O -potential O -of O -vagus O -nerve O -after O -a O -10 O -min O -treatment O -with O -OPC O -- O -1085 O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -while O -the O -action O -potential O -was O -reduced O -to O -60 O -- O -70 O -% O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -manganese O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -, O -which O -are O -also O -inhibitors O -of O -lipid O -peroxidation O -, O -had O -no O -ability O -to O -stimulate O -lipid O -peroxidation O -even O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -extra O -ferrous O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypotensive O -mechanisms O -of O -pindolol B-Chemical -in O -anesthetized O -and O -conscious O -rats O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -phenomenon O -also O -occurred O -when O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -was O -injected O -intravenously O -in O -anesthetized O -and O -conscious O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Order O -of O -hypotensive O -potencies O -was O -the O -same O -as O -that O -of O -their O -intrinsic O -beta O -- O -sympathomimetic O -action O -, O -namely O -, O -pindolol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -carteolol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -bufetolol O -in O -equilibrium O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -ions O -and O -relaxation O -of O -intestinal O -smooth O -muscle O -induced O -by O -papaverine B-Chemical -and O -aspaminol O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -exercise O -induced O -bronchoconstriction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -had O -a O -normal O -airway O -resistance O -at O -rest O -and O -developed O -a O -marked O -bronchoconstriction O -( O -EIB O -) O -during O -exercise O -, O -which O -could O -be O -prevented O -by O -previous O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -with O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -exercise O -an O -increase O -of O -NE O -was O -observed O -in O -all O -groups O -, O -but O -in O -patients O -, O -even O -after O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -in O -normals O -after O -propranolol B-Chemical -the O -increase O -was O -significantly O -higher O -than O -in O -the O -normal O -group O -within O -the O -control O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Steroid B-Chemical -transforming O -enzymes O -from O -microorganisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -removal I-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -potassium I-Chemical -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -inhibition O -on O -the O -release O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -from O -the O -extraneuronal O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Structure O -activity O -relationship O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -type O -local O -anesthetics O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -paper O -we O -present O -further O -evidence O -for O -the O -close O -control O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -stearoyl O -- O -CoA O -desaturase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -control O -of O -these O -enzymes O -is O -therefore O -independent O -of O -the O -control O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -stearoyl O -- O -CoA O -desaturase O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -inhibition O -of O -the O -desaturases O -by O -cyclopropenoid O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Penicillin B-Chemical -combinations O -against O -multi O -- O -resistant O -urinary O -pathogens O -as O -an O -alternative O -to O -gentamycin O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Pathway O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -catabolism O -in O -Caulobacter O -crescentus O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -of O -the O -available O -glucose B-Chemical -that O -is O -present O -at O -the O -onset O -of O -exponential O -growth O -is O -assimilated O -by O -the O -cells O -during O -the O -transition O -phase O -or O -the O -period O -associated O -with O -stalk O -cell O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -NADP O -- O -dependent O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -is O -also O -present O -throughout O -the O -culture O -cycle O -which O -subsumes O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -subsequent O -enzymes O -of O -the O -Embden O -- O -Meyerhof O -- O -Parnas O -pathway O -in O -pyruvate B-Chemical -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -had O -different O -effect O -on O -the O -synthesis O -of O -exocellular O -proteases O -by O -Actinomyces O -thermovulgaris O -T O -- O -54 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -the O -genetic O -and O -physical O -size O -of O -the O -streptomycin B-Chemical -resistance O -locus O -in O -Pneumococcus O -. O - -aps B-category -Interactions O -of O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -with O -organic O -phosphate B-Chemical -: O -a O -proposed O -model O -in O -vitro O -for O -study O -of O -biological O -interactions O -by O -31P O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -trifluoperazine O -to O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -activator O -of O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -. O - -aps B-category -Carp O -liver O -was O -fractionated O -by O -differential O -and O -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -and O -assayed O -for O -enzymes O -of O -purine B-Chemical -catabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -no O -general O -purine B-Chemical -catabolizing O -subcellular O -compartment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -microsomal O -fraction O -of O -insects O -was O -found O -to O -contain O -an O -enzyme O -which O -transfers O -mannose O -from O -guanosine B-Chemical -diphosphate O -mannose O -to O -an O -endogenous O -or O -exogenous O -insect O -lipid O -and O -to O -other O -acceptors O -such O -as O -dolichol O -monophosphate O -or O -ficaprenol O -monophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Stability O -to O -phenol B-Chemical -treatment O -indicated O -that O -the O -lipid O -fraction O -of O -the O -mannolipid O -is O -an O -alpha O -- O -saturated O -polyprenol O -phosphate B-Chemical -similar O -to O -dolichol O -monophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparative O -study O -with O -the O -similar O -reaction O -involved O -in O -the O -transfer O -of O -sialic O -acid O -to O -the O -terminal O -galactose B-Chemical -in O -ceramide O -- O -Glc O -- O -Gal O -( O -NeuAc O -) O -- O -GalNAc O -- O -Gal O -( O -GMl O -) O -was O -made O -. O - -aps B-category -Amelioration O -of O -metabolic O -acidosis O -with O -fludrocortisone B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -hyporeninemic O -hypoaldosteronism O -. O - -aps B-category -Except O -in O -the O -patient O -with O -the O -lowest O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -, O -the O -increased O -net O -acid O -excretion O -was O -due O -mostly O -to O -increased O -ammonium B-Chemical -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -ammonium B-Chemical -excretion O -correlated O -inversely O -with O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -did O -not O -decrease O -on O -discontinuation O -of O -therapy O -if O -hyperkalemia O -was O -prevented O -from O -recurring O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -increases O -binding O -of O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -to O -thyroid O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Characteristics O -of O -chick O -cerebral O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -assessed O -by O -cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -monophosphate O -formation O -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -- B-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -- B-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -was O -inhibited O -by O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonists O -and O -antagonists O -with O -affinities O -that O -correlated O -well O -with O -their O -ability O -to O -stimulate O -cyclic O -AMP O -formation O -or O -to O -antagonise O -the O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -accumulation O -induced O -by O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Subcellular O -fractionation O -of O -cerebral O -hemisphere O -tissue O -demonstrated O -an O -enrichment O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -- B-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -binding O -sites O -in O -the O -synaptosomal O -and O -microsomal O -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -albumin O -on O -in O -vitro O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -and O -antiarrhythmic O -properties O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -practolol O -and O -metoprolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -nonblind O -clinical O -study O -was O -carried O -out O -by O -administering O -Lorazepam B-Chemical -at O -a O -low O -dosage O -to O -patients O -with O -a O -light O -to O -moderate O -state O -of O -reactive O -anxiety O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -patients O -had O -a O -salutary O -response O -to O -high O -- O -dose O -prednisone B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -treatment O -with O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -hydantoin O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -serum O -gamma O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -first O -case O -rapidly O -progressive O -glomerulonephritis O -with O -100 O -% O -crescents O -was O -arrested O -and O -followed O -by O -improvement O -of O -renal O -function O -from O -a O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -of O -5 O -ml O -/ O -min O -to O -30 O -ml O -/ O -min O -; O -in O -the O -second O -case O -multiple O -lung O -granulomata O -of O -8 O -months O -' O -standing O -, O -unresponsive O -to O -oral O -steroids B-Chemical -, O -disappeared O -8 O -days O -after O -treatment O -with O -high O -dosage O -intravenous O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine2 O -- O -- O -receptor O -blockade O -with O -cimetidine B-Chemical -in O -the O -monkey O -cranial O -circulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -N O -, O -N O -' O -- O -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide O -- O -binding O -proteolipid O -from O -lettuce O -chloroplast O -membranes O -has O -been O -purified O -by O -a O -novel O -, O -rapid O -technique O -involving O -I O -- O -butanol O -extraction O -and O -ether B-Chemical -precipitation O -. O - -aps B-category -Lack O -of O -effect O -of O -chronically O -administered O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -hormone O -( O -TRH O -) O -on O -regional O -rat O -brain O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -as O -previously O -described O -, O -chronic O -reserpine B-Chemical -administration O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -IP O -: O -9 O -days O -) O -resulted O -in O -a O -significant O -rise O -in O -TH O -activity O -in O -midbrain O -, O -hypothalamus O -, O -pons O -- O -medulla O -and O -forebrain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -observed O -effects O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -and O -KCl O -were O -more O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -Halazepam O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -in O -neurotic O -anxiety O -: O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -TRH O -to O -mice O -was O -found O -to O -reduce O -the O -sleep O -and O -hypothermia O -induced O -by O -4 O -. O -7 O -g O -/ O -kg O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -TRH O -also O -failed O -to O -reverse O -the O -hypothermia O -induced O -by O -the O -combination O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -baclophen O -or O -GHBA O -, O -and O -the O -characteristic O -neurological O -effects O -of O -TRH O -e O -. O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -analeptic O -effects O -of O -TRH O -may O -be O -medicated O -via O -an O -inhibition O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -systems O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -most O -significant O -effects O -of O -these O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -are O -on O -motor O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Apomorphine B-Chemical -pretreatment O -potentiated O -the O -analgesic O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -both O -in O -rats O -and O -in O -mice O -measured O -by O -five O -different O -tests O -( O -writhing O -, O -hot O -plate O -, O -inflamed O -foot O -, O -tail O -- O -pinch O -and O -tail O -- O -flick O -procedures O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -morphine B-Chemical -dependent O -mice O -the O -nalorphine O -precipitated O -jumping O -- O -- O -a O -withdrawal O -symptom O -- O -- O -was O -found O -inhibited O -by O -apomorphine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Is O -prophylactic O -procyclidine B-Chemical -necessary O -? O - -aps B-category -Sulpiride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -an I-Chemical -antipsychotic O -agent O -: O -comparative O -trial O -vs O -. O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -assay O -of O -lipolytic O -activity O -in O -human O -adipose O -tissue O -is O -described O -, O -in O -which O -native O -homogenates O -of O -the O -adipose O -tissue O -yield O -the O -enzyme O -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -triglyceride B-Chemical -substrate O -, O -and O -the O -emulsifying O -phospholipids O -. O - -aps B-category -Noradrenaline O -, O -insulin O -, O -and O -heparin B-Chemical -have O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -serum O -- O -stimulated O -lipolytic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -secretin O -release O -and O -pancreatic O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -secretion O -by O -somatostatin O -infusion O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -shows O -that O -somatostatin O -( O -500 O -microgram O -/ O -h O -can O -inhibit O -the O -release O -of O -secretin O -and O -the O -pancreatic O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -secretion O -after O -duodenal O -acidification O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -free O -and O -conjugated O -7alpha O -- O -hydroxy O -bile O -acids O -can O -act O -as O -substrates O -, O -but O -those O -of O -low O -polarity O -( O -few O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -groups O -) O -seem O -to O -be O -preferred O -, O -judging O -from O -initial O -reaction O -velocity O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -11 O -. O -5 O -) O -of O -the O -total O -, O -measured O -as O -the O -3alpha O -- O -hydroxy O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -one O -series O -increasing O -doses O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -were O -tested O -on O -a O -constant O -background O -stimulation O -with O -0 O -. O -15 O -microgram O -- O -kg O -- O -1h O -- O -1 O -of O -pentagastrin O -. O - -aps B-category -Pentagastrin O -and O -cimetidine B-Chemical -were O -given O -as O -continuous O -intravenous O -infusions O -, O -the O -various O -doses O -tested O -on O -separate O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifty O -per O -cent O -inhibition O -of O -the O -response O -to O -0 O -. O -15 O -microgram O -- O -kg O -- O -1h O -- O -1 O -of O -pentagastrin O -was O -achieved O -by O -about O -0 O -. O -6 O -mg O -- O -kg O -- O -1h O -- O -1 O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -caused O -by O -cimetidine B-Chemical -decreased O -to O -a O -minimum O -of O -57 O -% O -and O -could O -not O -be O -overcome O -by O -increasing O -the O -doses O -of O -pentagastrin O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -citrate B-Chemical -replaced O -heparin B-Chemical -as O -anticoagulant O -significantly O -higher O -heat O -effect O -values O -were O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -deficient O -erythrocyte O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -observed O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -congenital O -non O -- O -spherocytic O -anaemia O -was O -characterized O -by O -the O -following O -properties O -: O -very O -low O -activity O -in O -haemolysates O -, O -decreased O -thermal O -stability O -, O -slightly O -increased O -urea B-Chemical -denaturation O -, O -high O -affinity O -for O -PEP O -, O -poor O -FDP O -activation O -, O -normal O -ATP O -inhibition O -, O -decreased O -affinity O -for O -ADP O -, O -normal O -pH O -of O -optimal O -activity O -, O -and O -presence O -of O -an O -abnormal O -slow O -- O -moving O -component O -in O -this O -layer O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Initially O -, O -DSCG O -had O -helped O -to O -control O -his O -asthmatic O -attacks O -, O -and O -steroid B-Chemical -therapy O -could O -be O -discontinued O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclizine O -, O -like O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -, O -has O -a O -desirable O -functional O -effect O -on O -the O -LOS O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -- O -three O -mechanically O -ventilated O -, O -anesthetized O -dogs O -received O -infusions O -of O -E O -, O -alpha O -and O -beta O -stimulant O -; O -NE O -, O -a O -relatively O -pure O -alpha O -stimulant O -; O -I O -, O -a O -relatively O -pure O -beta O -stimulant O -; O -and O -dextran B-Chemical -( O -D O -) O -, O -a O -drug O -with O -no O -known O -adrenergic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -of O -the O -proved O -cases O -were O -occult O -, O -being O -discovered O -by O -elevation O -of O -pentagastrin O -- O -stimulated O -serum O -calcitonin B-Chemical -levels O -, O -justifying O -total O -thyroidectomy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -alkalinity O -of O -the O -injection O -vehicle O -of O -certain O -parenteral O -solutions O -of O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -produces O -necrosis O -of O -the O -skin O -upon O -sc O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetazolamide B-Chemical -in O -a O -vehicle O -of O -pH O -10 O -. O -5 O -produced O -36 O -. O -6 O -% O -fetal O -malformations O -, O -in O -a O -vehicle O -of O -pH O -8 O -. O -7 O -, O -6 O -. O -1 O -% O -, O -and O -in O -neutral O -suspension O -, O -11 O -. O -8 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -teratogenicity O -of O -the O -low O -pH O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -was O -increased O -by O -epinephrine B-Chemical -to O -64 O -. O -2 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -the O -high O -pH O -vehicle O -nor O -epinephrine B-Chemical -produced O -fetal O -defects O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -extracellular O -protease O -SN O -687 O -, O -secreted O -by O -the O -soil O -bacterium O -isolate O -WM O -122 O -, O -has O -been O -purified O -by O -means O -of O -gel O -filtration O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -, O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -and O -hydroxylapatite O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -SN O -687 O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -of O -high O -specific O -activity O -against O -casein O -and O -fibrin O -, O -but O -it O -did O -not O -hydrolyze O -L O -- O -lysine O -- O -methyl O -ester O -dihydrochloride O -( O -LME O -) O -, O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -ester O -hydrochloride O -( O -TAME O -) O -and O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzoyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethyl I-Chemical -ester O -hydrochloride O -( O -BTEE O -) O -synthetic O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -Newborn O -mice O -sensitized O -to O -picryl O -chloride B-Chemical -within O -24 O -hr O -after O -birth O -fail O -to O -develop O -contact O -sensitivity O -reaction O -when O -tested O -several O -weeks O -later O -, O -and O -fetal O -mice O -do O -not O -develop O -graft O -- O -versus O -- O -host O -reaction O -when O -given O -injections O -of O -parental O -lymphocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -severity O -of O -GVHR O -mortality O -correlates O -with O -the O -intensity O -of O -stimulation O -in O -mixed O -lymphocyte O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Physicochemical O -characteristics O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -binding O -with O -plasma O -membranes O -of O -rabbit O -skeletal O -muscles O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -crystalline O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -to O -the O -extracts O -is O -not O -accompanied O -by O -formation O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -but O -reduced O -NADP O -accumulates O -which O -oxidizes O -due O -to O -introduction O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -or O -oxalacetate O -into O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -NAD O -- O -H O -divided O -by O -NADP O -- O -H O -rate O -ratio O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -for O -pyruvate B-Chemical -is O -11 O -. O -5 O -and O -for O -oxalacetate O -is O -6 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -incorporation O -of O -the O -label O -after O -administration O -of O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -to O -free O -pyrimidine O -nucleotides O -begins O -by O -the O -60th O -minute O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -rate O -for O -cytidine O -nucleotides O -from O -uridine B-Chemical -ones O -in O -the O -liver O -and O -spleen O -tissues O -is O -low O -, O -about O -2 O -- O -6 O -% O -of O -uridine B-Chemical -nucleotides O -radioactivity O -is O -found O -in O -them O -only O -, O -that O -may O -be O -due O -to O -a O -low O -activity O -of O -CTP O -- O -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Dissociation O -of O -Penicillium O -vitale O -catalase O -under O -the O -effect O -of O -urea B-Chemical -and O -acid O -pH O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -8 O -. O -0 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -( O -pH O -5 O -. O -0 O -) O -a O -molecule O -of O -the O -P O -. O -vitale O -catalase O -dissociates O -with O -formation O -of O -the O -components O -, O -the O -sedimentation O -coefficient O -of O -which O -is O -2 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2S O -, O -the O -molecular O -weight O -is O -153000 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2800 O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -same O -time O -the O -catalase O -after O -dissociation O -in O -8 O -. O -0 O -- O -8 O -. O -5 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -loses O -its O -ability O -to O -reassociation O -with O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -urea B-Chemical -concentration O -up O -to O -0 O -. O -08 O -M O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -GOT O -, O -GPT O -, O -LDH O -, O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltranspeptidase O -( O -gamma O -- O -GTP O -) O -, O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -( O -AP O -) O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -GLDH O -) O -and O -the O -concentrations O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -in O -blood O -plasma O -after O -a O -single O -intraruminal O -application O -of O -aflatoxins O -were O -studied O -in O -four O -dairy O -cows O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increased O -concentration O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -lasted O -until O -the O -23rd O -day O -from O -aflatoxin O -application O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -evaluation O -of O -enzymatic O -activities O -and O -bilirubin B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -plasma O -can O -make O -a O -valuable O -contribution O -to O -correct O -diagnosis O -of O -aflatoxicoses O -in O -cattle O -. O - -aps B-category -Urine O -pH O -was O -considerably O -deviated O -towards O -the O -acidic O -side O -and O -inorganic O -phosphorus B-Chemical -was O -present O -in O -urine O -in O -a O -greater O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronical O -metabolic O -acidosis O -was O -definitely O -proved O -by O -the O -second O -examination O -when O -urea B-Chemical -had O -been O -excluded O -from O -the O -feed O -ration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -resuption O -of O -rumen O -fermentation O -also O -enabled O -an O -increased O -production O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -which O -favourably O -influenced O -the O -content O -of O -butterfat O -in O -milk O -. O - -aps B-category -Partially O -purified O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -G6PD O -) O -was O -studied O -in O -erythrocytes O -of O -patients O -with O -hereditary O -hemolytic O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Purification O -and O -several O -properties O -of O -thiamine B-Chemical -pyrophosphokinase O -from O -rat O -liver O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -isoenzymes O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -induced O -and O -noninduced O -by O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -were O -isolated O -from O -rat O -liver O -tissue O -and O -subjected O -to O -chromatographic O -purification O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -obtained O -suggest O -that O -differences O -in O -antigenic O -properties O -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -isoenzymes O -reflect O -those O -variations O -in O -their O -structure O -, O -which O -are O -expressed O -as O -various O -thermostability O -, O -sensitivity O -to O -proteolytic O -enzymes O -and O -substrate O -specificity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prerequisites O -and O -kinetics O -of O -HLA O -- O -antibody O -- O -induced O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -serotonin I-Chemical -release O -from O -platelets O -were O -investigated O -with O -five O -HLA O -- O -specific O -antisera O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -these O -experiments O -, O -a O -standardized O -microtechnique O -of O -HLA O -- O -antibody O -- O -induced O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -serotonin I-Chemical -release O -is O -recommended O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -all O -the O -sugars O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -found O -most O -effective O -and O -parasites O -survived O -for O -39 O -days O -in O -solution O -containing O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -6 O -days O -in O -galactose B-Chemical -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -10 O -days O -in O -fructose O -and O -lactose O -and O -12 O -days O -in O -maltose O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -dehydroalanine O -, O -lanthionine O -and O -lysinoalanine O -as O -well O -as O -changes O -in O -the O -levels O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -, O -cystine O -and O -the O -basic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -recorded O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -content O -of O -the O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -LA O -) O -and O -pyruvic O -acid O -( O -PA O -) O -was O -determined O -pre O -- O -and O -postoperatively O -in O -the O -arterial O -blood O -and O -CSF O -of O -31 O -patients O -with O -intracranial O -aneurysms O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -pyrithioxine O -and O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -on O -late O -consequences O -of O -early O -malnutrition O -in O -rats O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -patient O -suffering O -suicidal O -phobia O -and O -resistant O -to O -antidepressants B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -electroconvulsive O -therapy O -was O -submitted O -to O -Wolpe O -' O -s O -systematic O -desensitization O -associated O -with O -Schult O -' O -s O -autogenic O -training O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -particularly O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -in O -the O -control O -of O -gonadotropin O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -carotid O -body O -. O - -aps B-category -Dynamic O -changes O -in O -the O -activities O -and O -amounts O -of O -neurotransmitter O -- O -synthesizing O -enzymes O -in O -mesolimbic O -and O -other O -central O -catecholamine B-Chemical -neurons O -in O -response O -to O -axonal O -injury O -and O -during O -collateral O -sprouting O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -by O -a O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -binding O -protein O -stored O -in O -synaptic O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -dopaminephilic O -agents O -and O -cAMP B-Chemical -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Nonstriatal O -dopaminergic O -neurons O -: O -Section O -X O -. O -Morphine B-Chemical -, O -amphetamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -noncataleptogenic O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -: O -Introduction O -: O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -amphetamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -noncataleptogenic O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -rat O -substantia O -nigra O -: O -localization O -and O -effects O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -methods O -to O -assess O -the O -action O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -on O -presynaptic O -dopamine B-Chemical -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Sedative O -, O -hypnotic O -, O -and O -antipsychotic O -effects O -of O -low O -doses O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Syntheses O -of O -virus O -- O -induced O -thymidine B-Chemical -kinase O -and O -viral O -DNA O -in O -herpes O -simplex O -type O -1 O -virus O -- O -infected O -chick O -embryo O -fibroblasts O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -cytosine B-Chemical -arabinoside I-Chemical -, O -thymidine B-Chemical -kinase O -synthesis O -was O -enhanced O -. O - -aps B-category -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -TCD50 O -/ O -cell O -, O -medium O -199 O -and O -22 O -to O -29 O -hours O -incubation O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -use O -of O -resting O -cultures O -or O -the O -presence O -of O -cytosine B-Chemical -arabinoside I-Chemical -in O -medium O -reduced O -the O -BA O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -X14 O -virus O -- O -infected O -cells O -can O -carry O -out O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -thymidylic O -acid O -utilizing O -some O -endogenous O -pyrimidine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -Scanning O -electron O -microscopy O -utilizing O -critical O -- O -point O -drying O -and O -transmission O -electron O -microscopy O -employing O -air O -- O -dried O -agar O -pseudoreplicas O -and O -critical O -- O -point O -dried O -carbon B-Chemical -replicas O -were O -used O -to O -study O -the O -surface O -of O -Rickettsia O -rickettsii O -propagated O -in O -cell O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -epinephrine B-Chemical -levels O -were O -elevated O -in O -the O -urine O -near O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -Phentolamine B-Chemical -alone O -or O -propranolol B-Chemical -alone O -showed O -some O -evidence O -of O -an O -ability O -to O -prolong O -life O -in O -S O -. O -aureus O -infections O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphatase I-Chemical -, O -5 O -' O -nucleotidase O -, O -esterase O -, O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -cytochrome O -C O -reductase O -decreased O -in O -activity O -by O -as O -much O -as O -50 O -% O -with O -respect O -to O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hemoglobin I-Chemical -AA O -and O -SS O -erythrocyte O -interaction O -( O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -erythrocyte I-Chemical -interaction O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Hb O -SS O -erythrocytes O -treated O -with O -PGE2 B-Chemical -did O -not O -exhibit O -accelerated O -sickling O -or O -increased O -formation O -of O -sickled O -echinocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -in O -vitro O -studies O -showed O -that O -PGE2 B-Chemical -of O -concentrations O -of O -10 O -- O -500 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -had O -no O -adverse O -effects O -on O -intact O -, O -plasma O -- O -suspended O -Hb O -SS O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Biological O -activity O -of O -dilute O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -solution O -stored O -for O -long O -periods O -in O -plastic O -bags O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -freshly O -prepared O -solution O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -solution O -stored O -for O -six O -months O -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -stored O -for O -30 O -months O -were O -infused O -into O -the O -coronary O -circulation O -of O -14 O -isolated O -rabbit O -hearts O -; O -heart O -rates O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Vitamin O -K2 O -colonic O -and O -ileal O -in O -vivo O -absorption O -: O -bile O -, O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -and O -pH O -effects O -on O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Colonic O -menaquinone O -absorption O -decreased O -as O -the O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -concentration O -was O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -observations O -indicate O -that O -the O -mammalian O -colon O -and O -terminal O -ileum O -can O -provide O -a O -constant O -source O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -K I-Chemical -to O -aid O -hemostasis O -despite O -episodic O -lack O -of O -dietary O -vitamin B-Chemical -K I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -conducted O -to O -explore O -influences O -modifying O -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -canine O -blood O -administered O -LD100 O -E O -. O -coli O -endotoxin O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -increases O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -production O -, O -attributed O -to O -increased O -activity O -of O -the O -WBC O -, O -were O -observed O -1 O -- O -3 O -h O -after O -endotoxin O -was O -added O -to O -blood O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -from O -dogs O -pretreated O -with O -sublethal O -doses O -of O -endotoxin O -in O -vivo O -utilized O -glucose B-Chemical -at O -an O -accelerated O -rate O -when O -subjected O -to O -endotoxin O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -venous O -ligation O -and O -subsequent O -blockade O -of O -alpha O -receptors O -on O -hindlimb O -venous O -pressure O -, O -vascular O -resistance O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -extraction O -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -removal O -was O -evaluated O -in O -mongrel O -dogs O -with O -use O -of O -constant O -- O -flow O -perfusion O -of O -the O -extremity O -bed O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -with O -Dibenzyline O -, O -limb O -volume O -increased O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -extraction O -decreased O -below O -control O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Role O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -deficiency O -in O -the O -mechanism O -of O -the O -pain O -- O -relieving O -action O -of O -narcotic O -analgesics O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Spirometry O -was O -done O -before O -and O -three O -hours O -after O -administration O -of O -3 O -mg O -of O -carbuterol O -or O -35 O -mg O -of O -ephedrine B-Chemical -sulfate O -at O -intervals O -of O -two O -weeks O -and O -one O -, O -four O -and O -six O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Theophylline B-Chemical -and O -derivatives O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -are O -the O -second O -line O -of O -defense O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Toxico O -- O -pharmacological O -study O -of O -lyophilized O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -( O -SNP O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Hemodynamic O -effects O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -used O -in O -controlled O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Use O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -in O -cardiology O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -respect O -, O -SNP O -can O -be O -used O -effectively O -for O -severe O -cases O -of O -heart O -failure O -intractable O -to O -traditional O -cardio O -- O -stimulatory O -and O -diuretic B-Chemical -treatments O -and O -stemming O -from O -diverse O -causes O -: O -acute O -stage O -of O -myocardial O -infarction O -, O -ventricular O -dilatation O -, O -mitral O -papillary O -syndrome O -, O -heart O -failure O -, O -either O -subacute O -or O -chronic O -, O -of O -various O -causes O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Discussion O -on O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnesium B-Chemical -plays O -an O -essential O -role O -in O -the O -processes O -of O -myocardial O -contraction O -and O -conduction O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypomagnesaemia O -was O -seen O -in O -both O -groups O -after O -surgery O -but O -the O -provision O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -supplements O -shortened O -the O -duration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -significance O -of O -these O -various O -findings O -is O -discussed O -and O -a O -technique O -for O -the O -provision O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -supplements O -is O -proposed O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -there O -was O -anaemia O -, O -as O -determined O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -a O -fall O -in O -haematocrit O -, O -maximal O -on O -the O -5th O -day O -and O -attributed O -by O -the O -authors O -to O -the O -haemolytic O -properties O -of O -triglycerides B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -introduction O -of O -a O -catheter O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -therapy O -by O -the O -pernasal O -route O -, O -pushed O -almost O -into O -the O -esophagus O -led O -to O -a O -gastric O -rupture O -. O - -aps B-category -Etomidate B-Chemical -or O -R O -26490 O -is O -a O -new O -hypnotic O -agent O -produced O -by O -JANSSEN O -and O -al O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -protocols O -were O -used O -for O -study O -: O -25 O -anaesthetics O -were O -given O -with O -Etomidate B-Chemical -as O -sole O -anaesthetic O -to O -outline O -its O -specific O -properties O -; O -275 O -angiographies O -were O -performed O -with O -a O -combination O -of O -Etomidate B-Chemical -and O -fentanyl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -EEG O -recording O -and O -evoked O -response O -encephalography O -helped O -to O -outline O -some O -effects O -of O -Etomidate B-Chemical -on O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Relative O -effectiveness O -of O -primidone O -( O -Mysoline O -) O -and O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -( O -Dilantin O -) O -in O -the O -management O -of O -sedative O -withdrawal O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -crystalline O -antibiotic O -is O -503 O -, O -its O -melting O -point O -is O -147 O -- O -- O -149 O -degrees O -, O -[ O -alpha O -] O -20 O -degrees O -D O -= O -- O -- O -50 O -degrees O -( O -c O -. O -0 O -. O -21 O -, O -chloroform B-Chemical -) O -, O -lambdamax235 O -and O -348 O -nm O -( O -E1 O -% O -sm O -= O -= O -150 O -and O -420 O -) O -, O -the O -summation O -formula O -is O -C26 O -H33NO9 O -, O -the O -biological O -activity O -is O -100000 O -Units O -/ O -mg O -with O -respect O -to O -Bacillus O -mycoides O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -different O -forms O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -in O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -by O -a O -Micromonospora O -purpurea O -var O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -both O -the O -ammonium B-Chemical -and O -the O -nitrate B-Chemical -nitrogen B-Chemical -were O -consumed O -by O -the O -antibiotic O -- O -producing O -organism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -positive O -role O -of O -this O -salt B-Chemical -was O -due O -to O -both O -the O -ammonium B-Chemical -and O -the O -sulfogroup O -, O -since O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -sulfogroup O -alone O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -sulfat O -, O -magnesium B-Chemical -or O -sulfuric O -acid O -resulted O -only O -in O -partial O -stimulation O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Methyl O -ether B-Chemical -of O -sibiromycin O -by O -the O -phenol B-Chemical -hydroxyl B-Chemical -, O -the O -other O -derivative O -of O -sibiromycin O -had O -no O -biological O -activity O -and O -did O -not O -interact O -with O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -the O -sputum O -microflora O -was O -often O -resistant O -to O -the O -antibiotics O -widely O -used O -in O -the O -medical O -practice O -for O -prolonged O -periods O -of O -time O -, O -such O -as O -benzylpenicillin B-Chemical -, O -streptomycin B-Chemical -, O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -, O -tetracyclines O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -small O -- O -particle O -aerosols O -of O -rimantadine O -and O -ribavirin B-Chemical -on O -arterial O -blood O -pH O -and O -gas O -tensions O -and O -lung O -water O -content O -of O -A2 O -influenza O -- O -infected O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -SPA O -of O -ribavirin B-Chemical -( O -26 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -day O -for O -4 O -days O -) O -initiated O -6 O -h O -after O -SPA O -exposure O -of O -mice O -to O -virus O -significantly O -improved O -survival O -rate O -( O -95 O -% O -) O -and O -reduced O -lung O -virus O -titers O -and O -lung O -pathology O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -however O -, O -ribavirin B-Chemical -treatment O -appeared O -to O -improve O -survival O -rates O -by O -reducing O -major O -lung O -pathology O -and O -pulmonary O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -Clostridium O -- O -botulinum O -type O -A O -and O -type O -B O -spores O -were O -stored O -in O -tomato O -juice O -( O -pH O -4 O -. O -2 O -) O -and O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -buffer O -( O -pH O -4 O -. O -2 O -) O -at O -4 O -, O -22 O -, O -and O -32 O -degrees O -C O -for O -180 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -reductants O -in O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -characterization O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -mammalian O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Hamsters O -were O -exposed O -to O -30 O -ppm O -nitrogen B-Chemical -dioxide O -( O -NO2 O -) O -for O -2 O -and O -50 O -days O -and O -sacrificed O -. O - -aps B-category -Dunaliella O -tertiolecta O -( O -marine O -) O -and O -D O -. O -viridis O -( O -halophilic O -) O -were O -each O -trained O -by O -serial O -transfer O -to O -grow O -at O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -previously O -regarded O -as O -the O -other O -' O -s O -domain O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -species O -accumulate O -glycerol O -, O -which O -is O -necessary O -for O -growth O -at O -elevated O -salinities O -and O -which O -responds O -in O -its O -content O -to O -water O -activity O -( O -aw O -) O -rather O -than O -specifically O -to O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thiamine B-Chemical -transport O -system O -in O -Bacillus O -cereus O -exhibits O -rhythmical O -changes O -of O -resorption O -- O -and O -excretion O -- O -phases O -lasting O -1 O -- O -2 O -h O -. O -These O -main O -phases O -are O -subdivided O -in O -shorter O -ones O -with O -an O -average O -duration O -of O -45 O -s O -. O -The O -velocity O -of O -the O -thiamine B-Chemical -uptake O -is O -influenced O -by O -pH O -, O -temperature O -, O -age O -of O -cells O -, O -energy O -and O -substrate O -supply O -and O -thiamine B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Utilization O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -compounds O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -assimilation O -by O -Chromatiaceae O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -substituted O -for O -NH4Cl O -only O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -casamino O -acids O -supported O -good O -growth O -of O -all O -strains O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -strains O -were O -able O -to O -grow O -with O -molecular O -nitrogen B-Chemical -; O -complete O -inhibition O -of O -this O -growth O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -with O -E O -. O -mobilis O -, O -and O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -or O -asparagine O -with O -T O -. O -roseopersicina O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -abnormalities O -of O -the O -metabolism O -of O -amines B-Chemical -and O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -may O -explain O -behavioral O -and O -neurologic O -changes O -in O -hepatic O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -conditions O -for O -the O -agglutination O -of O -freeze O -- O -dried O -erythrocytes O -by O -rubella O -hemagglutinin O -were O -provided O -when O -a O -HEPES O -- O -buffered O -saline O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -2 O -, O -containing O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -2 O -per O -cent O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -, O -and O -0 O -. O -0025 O -per O -cent O -gelatin O -was O -employed O -throughout O -as O -a O -diluent O -for O -serum O -, O -hemagglutinin O -, O -and O -freeze O -- O -dried O -erythrocyte O -suspension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -synacthen O -[ O -corticotropin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( O -1 O -- O -- O -24 O -) O -- O -tetracosapeptide O -] O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -preceding O -paper O -the O -mechanism O -of O -catalysis O -of O -the O -manganese O -- O -containing O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -from O -Bacillus O -stearothermophilus O -was O -shown O -to O -involve O -a O -' O -fast O -cycle O -' O -and O -a O -' O -slow O -cycle O -' O -[ O -McAdam O -, O -Fox O -, O -Lavelle O -& O -amp O -; O -Fielden O -, O -1977 O -( O -Biochem O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -H2O2 B-Chemical -and O -the O -reducing O -radical O -anion O -CO2 O -- O -- O -caused O -a O -decrease O -in O -A480 O -of O -the O -native O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -isolated O -enzyme O -was O -homogeneous O -in O -the O -ultracentrifuge O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -0 O -and O -8 O -. O -0 O -, O -and O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -/ O -polyacrylamide O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -but O -showed O -one O -major O -and O -two O -minor O -bands O -in O -disc O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -from O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -and O -dodecyl O -sulphate O -/ O -polyacrylamide O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -indicated O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -26000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -messenger O -RNA O -' O -s O -for O -the O -liver O -enzymes O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -oxygenase O -contain O -40 O -- O -50 O -% O -non O -- O -coding O -sequences O -. O - -aps B-category -Physiological O -control O -of O -brain O -catechol B-Chemical -synthesis O -by O -brain O -tyrosine B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -, O -was O -compared O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -for O -premedication O -. O - -aps B-category -and O -10 O -received O -lorazepam B-Chemical -4 O -mg O -/ O -70 O -kg O -i O -. O -m O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -depressed O -S O -by O -47 O -% O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -but O -after O -lorazepam B-Chemical -S O -increased O -by O -27 O -% O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -neither O -drug O -altering O -B O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -for O -lorazepam B-Chemical -are O -consistent O -with O -the O -known O -effects O -of O -sleep O -on O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -sensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -lorazepam B-Chemical -merits O -further O -study O -, O -particularly O -where O -sedation O -without O -respiratory O -depression O -is O -needed O -, O -as O -in O -obstetrics O -, O -and O -where O -amnesia O -for O -uncomfortable O -procedures O -is O -required O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -change O -was O -observed O -in O -four O -patients O -with O -gross O -iron B-Chemical -overload O -secondary O -to O -haemolytic O -anaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Mild O -to O -moderate O -GvHD O -was O -treated O -successfully O -with O -MTX O -, O -bolus O -high O -dosage O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylprednisolone I-Chemical -and O -, O -at O -relapse O -, O -with O -intravenous O -ALG O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -three O -inositol B-Chemical -esters O -, O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -( O -IHP O -) O -, O -inositol B-Chemical -pentaphosphate O -( O -IPP O -) O -, O -and O -inositol B-Chemical -hexasulfate O -( O -IHS O -) O -, O -with O -hemoglobin O -has O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Bohr O -and O -Haldane O -coefficients O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -inositol B-Chemical -esters O -are O -unequal O -at O -low O -, O -but O -not O -at O -high O -, O -concentration O -of O -the O -cofactors O -. O - -aps B-category -Conformations O -of O -synthetic O -tetradecapeptide O -renin O -substrate O -and O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -beta O -turn O -would O -be O -stabilized O -by O -beta O -- O -antiparallel O -interaction O -between O -residues O -3 O -- O -4 O -and O -10 O -- O -12 O -and O -by O -electrostatic O -attraction O -between O -the O -N O -- O -terminal O -ammonium B-Chemical -and O -C O -- O -terminal O -carboxylate O -groups O -and O -would O -be O -destabilized O -below O -pH O -5 O -by O -electrostatic O -repulsion O -between O -His6 O -and O -His9 O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -kinetic O -data O -are O -consistent O -with O -a O -covalent O -reaction O -between O -arsenite O -and O -acetylcholinesterase O -, O -chemical O -evidence O -excludes O -the O -involvement O -of O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -which O -are O -usually O -implicated O -in O -arsenite O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Mass O -- O -spectrometric O -analysis O -of O -the O -products O -from O -the O -isomerization O -of O -a O -mixture O -of O -3 O -- O -phospho O -- O -D O -- O -[ O -2 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -H O -] O -glycerate O -and O -3 O -- O -[ O -18O O -] O -phospho O -- O -D O -- O -glycerate O -shows O -that O -there O -is O -no O -exchange O -of O -labeled O -phosphoryl O -group O -between O -carbon B-Chemical -skeletons O -in O -the O -mutase O -- O -catalyzed O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymatic O -digests O -of O -calf O -thymus O -and O -E O -. O -coli O -DNA O -yielded O -oligomers O -of O -chain O -lengths O -ranging O -from O -10 O -to O -200 O -, O -with O -mono O -- O -and O -small O -oligonucleotides O -( O -chain O -length O -less O -than O -5 O -) O -detected O -only O -when O -large O -( O -100 O -mg O -) O -amounts O -of O -DNA O -were O -fractionated O -by O -column O -chromatography O -on O -diethylaminoethyl O -- O -Sephadex O -A O -- O -25 O -in O -7 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -produces O -3 O -' O -- O -phosphoryl O -and O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -hydroxyl I-Chemical -end O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetic O -and O -equilibrium O -dissociation O -constants O -of O -the O -reversible O -binding O -of O -benzoate O -to O -hog O -kidney O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -DAAO O -) O -were O -studied O -at O -19 O -degrees O -C O -over O -the O -pH O -range O -5 O -. O -3 O -- O -10 O -. O -5 O -by O -means O -of O -a O -stopped O -- O -flow O -apparatus O -and O -spectrophotometric O -titrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -low O -pH O -on O -neurophysin O -- O -peptide O -interactions O -: O -implications O -for O -the O -stability O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboxylate I-Chemical -salt B-Chemical -bridge O -. O - -aps B-category -Pre O -- O -steady O -- O -state O -kinetics O -of O -intermediate O -formation O -in O -the O -deuteroferriheme B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydrogen I-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -General O -acid O -catalysis O -of O -intermediate O -formation O -is O -indicated O -from O -studies O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -arsenate O -, O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -buffer O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -- O -9 O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -combination O -of O -affinity O -column O -chromatography O -and O -preparative O -gel O -electrophoresis O -has O -been O -used O -to O -purify O -to O -homogeneity O -the O -two O -isozymes O -of O -dihydrofolate O -reductase O -from O -a O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -strain O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -B O -( O -RT O -500 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -isozymes O -, O -numbered O -form O -1 O -and O -form O -2 O -with O -respect O -to O -their O -decreasing O -electrophoretic O -mobilities O -, O -have O -similar O -molecular O -weights O -( O -18 O -500 O -) O -, O -molecular O -radii O -( O -21 O -A O -) O -, O -and O -apparent O -Km O -values O -for O -reduced O -nico O -inamide O -adenin O -- O -dinucleotide O -( O -NADH O -) O -and O -NADH O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -NADPH B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -distinct O -properties O -of O -the O -protein O -are O -compared O -at O -equilibrium O -within O -the O -unfolding O -transition O -zone O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -a O -physical O -property O -of O -the O -protein O -, O -the O -absorbance O -of O -buried O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -, O -and O -( O -2 O -) O -a O -functional O -property O -, O -the O -ability O -to O -bind O -the O -specific O -ligand O -, O -2 O -' O -- O -CMP O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -above O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -were O -inhibitory O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -malic O -enzyme O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -malate I-Chemical -: O -NADP O -+ O -oxidoreductase O -( O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -decarboxylating I-Chemical -) O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -40 O -) O -with O -ethoxyformic O -anhydride O -caused O -the O -time O -- O -dependent O -loss O -of O -its O -ability O -to O -catalyze O -reactions O -requiring O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -cofactor O -NADP O -+ O -or O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -such O -as O -the O -oxidative O -decarboxylase O -, O -the O -NADP O -+ O -- O -stimualted O -oxalacetate O -decarboxylase O -, O -the O -pyruvate B-Chemical -reductase O -, O -and O -the O -pyruvate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -medium I-Chemical -proton O -exchange O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethoxyformylation O -also O -impaired O -the O -ability O -of O -malic O -enzyme O -to O -bind O -NADP O -+ O -or O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -on O -calcium B-Chemical -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -classes O -of O -binding O -sites O -were O -identified O -with O -Kd O -values O -for O -calcium B-Chemical -of O -about O -0 O -. O -03 O -, O -1 O -, O -15 O -and O -200 O -micrometer O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -previous O -reports O -of O -an O -effect O -of O -phosphorylation O -on O -calcium B-Chemical -binding O -to O -a O -( O -Na O -+ O -+ O -K O -+ O -) O -- O -ATPase O -preparation O -may O -have O -been O -due O -to O -the O -presence O -of O -membrane O -material O -not O -directly O -associated O -with O -( O -Na O -+ O -+ O -K O -+ O -) O -- O -ATPase O -. O - -aps B-category -Spontaneous O -reactivation O -of O -acetylcholinesterase O -following O -organophosphate B-Chemical -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -phosphatase O -( O -othophosphoric O -monoester O -phosphohydrolase O -( O -acid O -optimum O -) O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -) O -from O -the O -human O -prostate O -was O -immobilized O -by O -its O -protein O -moiety O -on O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -activated I-Chemical -Sepharose O -, O -by O -carbohydrate O -moiety O -on O -Concanavalin O -- O -A O -- O -Sepharose O -, O -and O -by O -Schiff O -base O -formation O -with O -partially O -oxidized O -carbohydrate O -groups O -on O -ethylenediamine O -- O -Sepharose O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -initial O -analysis O -in O -classical O -kinetic O -terms O -revealed O -harmaline O -to O -be O -a O -fully O -competitive O -inhibitor O -of O -the O -substrate O -, O -sucrose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -hypothesis O -appears O -to O -be O -confirmed O -by O -the O -fact O -that O -the O -alkali B-Chemical -metals O -can O -completely O -reverse O -the O -inhibition O -caused O -by O -harmaline O -. O - -aps B-category -Angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -- O -converting O -enzyme O -( O -peptidyl O -dipeptide O -hydrolase O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -15 O -. O -1 O -) O -was O -solubilized O -from O -the O -membrane O -fraction O -of O -human O -lung O -using O -trypsin O -treatment O -and O -purfied O -using O -columns O -of O -DE O -52 O -- O -cellulose O -, O -hydroxyapatite O -and O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -9 O -. O -5 O -units O -/ O -mg O -protein O -for O -Hippuryl O -- O -His O -- O -Leu O -- O -OH O -and O -0 O -. O -665 O -mumol O -/ O -min O -per O -mg O -protein O -for O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -N O -- O -AND O -C O -- O -terminal O -residues O -of O -polypeptide O -chains O -were O -identified O -to O -be O -proline O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Modification O -of O -17 O -from O -24 O -lysine O -residues O -in O -pig O -heart O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -: O -NAD O -+ O -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -27 O -) O -with O -methyl O -aceimidate O -yields O -an O -enzyme O -derivative O -with O -enhanced O -stability O -toward O -meat O -and O -alkaline O -denaturation O -as O -well O -as O -tryptic O -digestion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymatic O -activity O -of O -the O -purified O -preparation O -was O -stimulated O -by O -exogenously O -added O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -, O -as O -found O -in O -the O -particulate O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -partially O -purified O -enzyme O -was O -completely O -free O -of O -uridine B-Chemical -diphosphatase O -which O -was O -found O -in O -the O -particulate O -preparaton O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -UDP O -on O -the O -transferase O -activity O -could O -be O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -is O -reduced O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -KCl O -, O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -of O -p O -- O -hydroxymercuribenzoate O -. O - -aps B-category -Reaction O -of O -selenium B-Chemical -with O -immunoglobulin O -molecules O -. O - -aps B-category -Enhancement O -of O -75Se O -incorporation O -by O -urea B-Chemical -, O -guanidinium O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -mercaptoethanol O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -sulfite O -and O -carrier O -selenite O -is O -interpreted O -as O -an O -effect O -of O -destabilization O -of O -IgG O -disulfide O -bonds O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -near O -infrared O -MCD O -spectrum O -suggests O -that O -the O -alkaline O -form O -of O -native O -horseradish O -peroxidase O -has O -a O -6th O -ligand O -somehow O -different O -from O -a O -normal O -nitrogen B-Chemical -ligand O -such O -as O -histidine O -or O -lysine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phenylalanine O -band O -fine O -structure O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -native O -protein O -and O -also O -after O -denaturation O -with O -acid O -, O -guanidine O -hydrochloride O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -a O -large O -number O -of O -cellular O -metabolites O -to O -release O -iron B-Chemical -from O -transferrin O -was O -investigated O -by O -measuring O -the O -rate O -at O -which O -they O -could O -mediate O -iron B-Chemical -exchange O -between O -two O -types O -of O -transferrin O -. O - -aps B-category -Iron B-Chemical -exchange O -mediated O -by O -the O -organic O -phosphates O -had O -the O -characteristics O -of O -a O -single O -first O -- O -order O -reaction O -and O -was O -sensitive O -to O -changes O -of O -incubation O -temperature O -and O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -several O -organic O -phosphates O -have O -the O -capacity O -of O -releasing O -iron B-Chemical -from O -transferrin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolism O -of O -isolated O -rat O -kidney O -tubules O -suspended O -in O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -physiological O -saline O -buffered O -with O -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -sensitive O -to O -changes O -in O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -suspending O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cellular O -ATP O -level O -was O -also O -higher O -in O -tubules O -incubated O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -4 O -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -utilization O -of O -added O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -greater O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -8 O -than O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -4 O -, O -a O -substantial O -amount O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -being O -produced O -at O -the O -higher O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -consequence O -of O -the O -metabolic O -activities O -of O -the O -tubules O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -suspending O -medium O -changed O -, O -utilization O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -or O -glutamine B-Chemical -causing O -a O -rise O -in O -pH O -while O -conversion O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -lactate B-Chemical -caused O -a O -fall O -in O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -fructofuranosidase O -- O -- O -called O -levanase O -- O -- O -capable O -of O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -inulin O -and O -levans O -has O -been O -identified O -in O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -Marburg O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -synthesis O -is O -repressed O -by O -carbon B-Chemical -sources O -such O -as O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -glycerol O -or O -sucrose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -grisorixin O -on O -glutamate B-Chemical -transport O -and O -oxidation O -in O -rat O -liver O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Isolation O -and O -properties O -of O -leucine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -from O -Aspergillus O -oryzae O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -oryzae O -has O -a O -broad O -substrate O -specificity O -, O -therefore O -, O -cleaving O -with O -the O -highest O -rate O -the O -peptides O -carrying O -N O -- O -terminal O -leucine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Protein O -synthesis O -inhibitors O -depressed O -malic O -acid O -- O -induced O -increase O -of O -the O -activity O -of O -" O -malic O -" O -- O -enzyme O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -being O -more O -pronounced O -in O -ethiolated O -green O -leaves O -, O -and O -that O -of O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -in I-Chemical -leaves O -of O -a O -mutant O -with O -formed O -photosynthetic O -apparatus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -3 O -' O -- O -endonuclease O -, O -it O -splits O -the O -bond O -between O -the O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -atom O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -, O -guanosine B-Chemical -and O -uridine B-Chemical -and O -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -of O -uridilic O -residue O -. O - -aps B-category -Silver O -ions O -in O -conditions O -studied O -independently O -on O -pH O -and O -KCl O -concentration O -produce O -an O -inhibition O -of O -ATP O -hydrolysis O -by O -myosin O -and O -HMM O -, O -the O -shape O -of O -the O -pH O -- O -dependence O -curve O -remaining O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -the O -native O -enzyme O -up O -to O -40 O -% O -of O -blocking O -free O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -this O -, O -a O -low O -or O -zero O -concentrations O -of O -KCl O -no O -activation O -was O -observed O -for O -the O -enzyme O -with O -40 O -- O -50 O -% O -of O -SH O -- O -Groups O -modified O -by O -p O -- O -CMB O -and O -Ca O -- O -ATPase O -in O -this O -case O -seemed O -to O -be O -independent O -of O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Regulation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -Chlorella O -pyrenoidosa O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -decrease O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -E O -. O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -of O -Chlorella O -incubation O -on O -" O -ammonium B-Chemical -" O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -experiments O -with O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -preparation O -, O -isolated O -from O -ammonium B-Chemical -assimilating O -cells O -, O -have O -shown O -that O -ADP O -and O -AMP O -are O -strong O -inhibitors O -of O -the O -enzyme O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -and O -only O -ADP O -produces O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -Mn2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -investigated O -proteins O -do O -not O -contain O -tryptophan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -obtained O -allow O -to O -suggest O -that O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -in O -ferredoxins O -have O -different O -environments O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -concentration O -and O -gas O -phase O -composition O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -activity O -in O -cells O -originally O -deficient O -in O -phosphorus B-Chemical -and O -subsequently O -transferred O -into O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -medium O -increases O -5 O -- O -10 O -- O -fold O -as O -compared O -to O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Photophosphorylation O -, O -sensitized O -by O -chlorophills O -a O -and O -b O -, O -pheophytin O -and O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carotene I-Chemical -in O -a O -modelled O -system O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -highest O -activity O -of O -chlorophylls O -a O -and O -b O -and O -pheophytin O -is O -observed O -within O -the O -pH O -range O -of O -7 O -. O -5 O -- O -7 O -. O -8 O -; O -that O -of O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carotene I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -at I-Chemical -pH O -7 O -. O -3 O -- O -7 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Structure O -and O -fragmentation O -mechanisms O -of O -some O -ions O -in O -the O -mass O -spectrum O -of O -ephedrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Deuteration O -studies O -of O -ephedrine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -and O -some O -related O -compounds O -were O -also O -performed O -in O -an O -attempt O -to O -postulate O -structures O -for O -some O -of O -the O -fragment O -ions O -appearing O -in O -the O -spectrum O -of O -ephedrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -microorganisms O -, O -named O -SLYS O -and O -Y O -, O -isolated O -from O -soil O -, O -were O -able O -to O -grow O -on O -the O -polymer O -as O -sole O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -energy O -source O -, O -thus O -proving O -its O -biodegradability O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -five O -patients O -, O -16 O -men O -and O -9 O -women O -, O -5 O -- O -59 O -years O -of O -age O -with O -the O -Marfan O -syndrome O -and O -cardiac O -complications O -were O -started O -on O -propranolol B-Chemical -over O -a O -6 O -- O -year O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -given O -in O -daily O -doses O -of O -120 O -- O -160 O -mg O -caused O -no O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Serial O -echocardiograms O -showed O -that O -other O -patients O -on O -propranolol B-Chemical -developed O -increasing O -dilatation O -of O -the O -aortic O -root O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -compounds O -liberate O -oxygen B-Chemical -from O -the O -haemoglobin O -similarly O -to O -DPG O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -It O -provokes O -hypertension O -in O -normotensive O -rats O -and O -does O -not O -prevent O -arterial O -hypertension O -in O -SHR O -rats O -, O -although O -it O -does O -prevent O -the O -renin O -secretion O -normally O -induced O -by O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -prolongation O -of O -pentobarbitone O -sleeping O -by O -five O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -, O -administered O -by O -prior O -intraperitoneal O -injection O -, O -was O -measured O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -The O -percentage O -prolongation O -of O -sleeping O -times O -produced O -by O -most O -of O -the O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -was O -greater O -when O -the O -pentobarbitone O -was O -given O -intracerebroventricularly O -and O -was O -explained O -by O -a O -preferential O -addition O -of O -CNS O -depressant O -effects O -associated O -with O -this O -route O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -pindolol B-Chemical -in O -DOCA B-Chemical -/ O -saline O -hypertensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -DS O -- O -rats O -, O -pindolol B-Chemical -( O -10 O -- O -50 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -) O -produced O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -fall O -in O -blood O -pressure O -and O -elevation O -of O -resting O -heart O -rate O -. O -2 O -The O -hypotensive O -response O -and O -tachycardia O -produced O -by O -oral O -pindolol B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -) O -in O -DS O -- O -rats O -were O -prevented O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -suggesting O -that O -pindolol B-Chemical -' O -s O -effects O -are O -mediated O -by O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -stimulation O -. O -3 O -After O -mecamylamine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -oral O -pindolol B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -) O -produced O -a O -further O -fall O -in O -blood O -pressure O -in O -DS O -- O -rats O -, O -suggesting O -that O -its O -hypotensive O -effects O -are O -probably O -mediated O -in O -the O -peripheral O -vasculature O -. O -4 O -Pretreatment O -with O -oral O -pindolol B-Chemical -( O -10 O -or O -50 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -) O -resulted O -in O -a O -reduction O -of O -neuronally O -- O -induced O -tachycardia O -in O -pithed O -DS O -- O -rats O -; O -neuronally O -- O -evoked O -pressor O -effects O -were O -also O -antagonized O -by O -pindolol B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -, O -orally O -) O -. O -5 O -Whereas O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -50 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -orally O -or O -intraperitoneally O -, O -produced O -a O -marked O -and O -progressive O -hypotensive O -response O -of O -rapid O -onset O -( O -20 O -min O -) O -in O -DS O -- O -rats O -the O -same O -dose O -intravenously O -produced O -a O -smaller O -response O -of O -delayed O -onset O -( O -80 O -minutes O -) O -. O -6 O -In O -anaesthetized O -DS O -- O -rats O -, O -an O -equivalent O -degree O -of O -cardiac O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -was O -produced O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -50 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -orally O -( O -2 O -h O -previously O -) O -or O -intravenously O -( O -1 O -h O -previously O -) O -. O -7 O -After O -administration O -of O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -intravenously O -, O -to O -conscious O -DS O -- O -rats O -, O -the O -tachycardia O -produced O -by O -intravenous O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -3 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -, O -was O -almost O -abolished O -for O -the O -first O -60 O -min O -of O -the O -study O -, O -whereas O -a O -hypotensive O -response O -to O -pindolol B-Chemical -was O -delayed O -in O -onset O -( O -100 O -minutes O -) O -. O -8 O -The O -hypotensive O -response O -and O -tachycardia O -produced O -by O -oral O -pindolol B-Chemical -50 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -, O -in O -DS O -- O -rats O -were O -prevented O -by O -inhibition O -of O -metabolic O -enzyme O -activity O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -Proadifen O -( O -SKF O -525 O -- O -A O -) O -, O -80 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O -9 O -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -pindolol B-Chemical -' O -s O -effects O -on O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -in O -the O -conscious O -DS O -- O -rat O -are O -mediated O -by O -a O -metabolite O -( O -s O -) O -acting O -by O -stimulation O -of O -peripheral O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Poisoning O -with O -mianserin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -14 O -beta O -- O -blockaded O -anginal O -subjects O -, O -10 O -of O -whom O -had O -poor O -left O -ventricular O -function O -, O -sublingual O -isosorbide B-Chemical -dinitrate I-Chemical -significantly O -increased O -maximal O -exercise O -capacity O -on O -a O -standardized O -multistage O -treadmill O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Megaloblastic O -anaemia O -associated O -with O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunocytochemical O -localization O -of O -the O -neurotransmitter O -synthesizing O -enzymes O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -, O -was O -used O -to O -determine O -whether O -the O -noradrenergic O -neurons O -in O -the O -nucleus O -locus O -coeruleus O -of O -the O -rat O -are O -innervated O -by O -serotonergic O -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -nucleus O -locus O -coeruleus O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -was O -contained O -in O -the O -cytoplasm O -, O -proximal O -axons O -, O -and O -dendrites O -of O -intrinsic O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -processes O -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -was O -associated O -with O -subcellular O -organelles O -which O -had O -size O -and O -distribution O -of O -microtubules O -, O -and O -small O -and O -large O -synaptic O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specificity O -of O -these O -behavioral O -changes O -is O -indicated O -by O -the O -fact O -that O -they O -are O -never O -seen O -in O -response O -to O -other O -classes O -of O -psychoactive O -drugs O -such O -as O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -, O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -caffeine B-Chemical -, O -and O -cholorpheniramine O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Influence O -of O -age O -and O -sex O -on O -the O -acute O -toxicity O -of O -two O -steroid B-Chemical -anesthetics O -in O -rats O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -research O -of O -lysine O -, O -ornithine B-Chemical -and O -arginine O -decarboxylases O -has O -been O -made O -for O -50 O -strains O -of O -fluorescent O -Pseudomonas O -( O -P O -. O -aeruginosa O -, O -P O -. O -fluorescens O -, O -P O -. O -putida O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Cathepsin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -activity O -in O -isolated O -odontoblasts O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparisons O -of O -mellitate O -( O -MA O -) O -and O -ethane O -- O -1 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -1 O -, O -1 O -- O -diphosphonate O -( O -EHDP O -) O -have O -been O -carried O -out O -in O -studies O -of O -enamel O -etching O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -crystal O -growth O -and O -animal O -calculus O -deposition O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -oxalate O -crystal O -growth O -by O -multidentate O -organic O -phosphonates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggested O -that O -EHDP O -, O -at O -currently O -administered O -doses O -, O -provides O -only O -a O -moderate O -increase O -in O -the O -capacity O -of O -human O -urine O -to O -inhibit O -calcium B-Chemical -oxalate O -crystal O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -compared O -the O -toxicities O -of O -subanesthetic O -concentrations O -of O -fluroxene O -, O -enflurane B-Chemical -and O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -in O -mice O -, O -rats O -and O -guinea O -pigs O -which O -were O -in O -an O -active O -growth O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -Enflurane B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -1 O -MAC O -, O -resulted O -in O -a O -detrimental O -effect O -on O -weight O -and O -early O -mortality O -in O -mice O -but O -not O -in O -rats O -or O -guinea O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonists O -( O -- O -) O -- O -propranol O -and O -( O -- O -) O -- O -alprenolol O -inhibited O -binding O -at O -low O -concentrations O -( O -KD O -= O -25 O -- O -50nM O -) O -whereas O -the O -alpha O -- O -antagonist O -phentolamine B-Chemical -inhibited O -binding O -at O -very O -high O -concentration O -( O -KD O -= O -42 O -micron O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Stopped O -flow O -fluorescence O -studies O -on O -the O -binding O -of O -reduced O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -to O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -: O -effects O -of O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Corresponding O -strips O -from O -the O -other O -half O -of O -the O -plate O -were O -incubated O -without O -renin O -as O -a O -control O -for O -any O -preformed O -angiotensin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -While O -it O -is O -clear O -that O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -levels O -can O -be O -altered O -by O -the O -exposure O -of O -neural O -tissues O -to O -various O -neurotransmitters O -, O -it O -would O -be O -premature O -to O -claim O -that O -these O -nucleotides O -are O -, O -or O -are O -not O -, O -essential O -to O -the O -transmission O -process O -in O -the O -pre O -- O -or O -post O -- O -synaptic O -components O -of O -the O -synapse O -. O - -aps B-category -Prio O -blockade O -of O -the O -adenosine B-Chemical -receptor O -with O -agents O -such O -as O -theophylline B-Chemical -or O -adenine O -xylofuranoside O -may O -also O -assist O -in O -the O -categorization O -of O -responses O -to O -extracellularly O -applied O -cyclic O -AMP O -as O -being O -a O -result O -either O -of O -activation O -of O -the O -adenosine B-Chemical -receptor O -or O -of O -some O -other O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -enteric O -bacteria O -to O -catalyze O -the O -covalent O -binding O -of O -bile O -acids O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -to O -DNA O -and O -their O -in O -ability O -to O -metabolize O -benzo O -( O -a O -) O -pyrene O -to O -a O -binding O -product O -and O -to O -known O -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -radioactivity O -was O -detected O -in O -all O -fractions O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -bacteria O -were O -readily O -metabolizing O -BP O -into O -smaller O -molecules O -for O -energy O -and O -carbon B-Chemical -sources O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -data O -with O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -bile O -acids O -also O -suggested O -that O -the O -binding O -process O -required O -NADPH B-Chemical -as O -a O -cofactor O -because O -binding O -level O -was O -rather O -low O -without O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonists O -and O -the O -release O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphokinase O -from O -hypoxic O -heart O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -attenuated O -the O -hypoxic O -- O -induced O -release O -of O -CPK O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protective O -effect O -of O -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -extended O -to O -the O -hypoxic O -hyperthyroid O -heart O -but O -not O -to O -hearts O -that O -were O -perfused O -under O -aerobic O -( O -pO2 O -greater O -than O -80 O -kPa O -[ O -600 O -mmHg O -] O -) O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -free O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -aniline O -hydroxylation O -was O -studied O -with O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -involving O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -O2 O -( O -system O -1 O -) O -, O -( O -2 O -) O -hepatic O -microsomes O -and O -tert O -- O -butylhydroperoxide O -( O -system O -2 O -) O -and O -( O -3 O -) O -microsomes O -and O -cumyl O -hydroperoxide O -( O -system O -3 O -) O -at O -15 O -- O -- O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -reactions O -were O -characterized O -by O -the O -values O -of O -the O -aniline O -oxidation O -rate O -constants O -, O -k2 O -= O -V O -/ O -E0 O -, O -where O -E0 O -is O -the O -initial O -concentration O -of O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -: O -K O -1 O -/ O -2 O -= O -1 O -. O -60 O -- O -10 O -( O -8 O -) O -EXP O -( O -- O -13 O -400 O -/ O -RT O -) O -sec O -- O -1 O -, O -k O -2 O -/ O -2 O -= O -1 O -. O -66 O -- O -10 O -( O -9 O -) O -exp O -( O -- O -14 O -500 O -/ O -RT O -) O -sec O -- O -1 O -, O -k O -3 O -/ O -2 O -= O -6 O -. O -83 O -- O -10 O -( O -9 O -) O -exp O -( O -- O -15 O -300 O -/ O -RT O -) O -sec O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -A O -new O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agent O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -chronic O -glaucoma O -: O -timolol B-Chemical -maleate I-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ratio O -nucleotide B-Chemical -pyrophosphatase O -/ O -phosphodiesterase O -I O -and O -the O -urea B-Chemical -resistance O -of O -phosphodiesterase O -I O -differed O -among O -human O -organs O -, O -body O -fluids O -, O -and O -blood O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Temperature O -dependence O -of O -the O -absorbance O -of O -alkaline O -solutions O -of O -4 O -- O -nitrophenyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -a I-Chemical -potential O -source O -of O -error O -in O -the O -measurement O -of O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Continuous O -- O -flow O -analysis O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -triglycerides B-Chemical -, O -and O -ATP O -with O -immobilized O -enzymes O -in O -tubular O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -Creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -: O -re O -- O -examination O -of O -optimum O -reaction O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluoride O -, O -25 O -mmol O -/ O -liter O -, O -a O -broad O -inactivator O -of O -adenylate O -kinase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O -3 O -) O -, O -has O -little O -effect O -on O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -and O -is O -superior O -to O -AMP O -for O -adenylate O -kinase O -inhibition O -in O -the O -assay O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hexokinase O -/ O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -ratio O -should O -not O -exceed O -1 O -. O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -ADP O -, O -and O -NAD O -+ O -are O -the O -constituents O -most O -likely O -to O -result O -in O -unacceptable O -blanks O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -assay O -methods O -, O -original O -and O -final O -pH O -, O -and O -use O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -or O -potassium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -were O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -for O -the O -activity O -in O -erythrocytes O -from O -lead B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -exposed I-Chemical -subjects O -was O -the O -same O -as O -for O -the O -normal O -persons O -if O -the O -concentration O -of O -lead B-Chemical -in O -blood O -did O -not O -exceed O -80 O -microgram O -/ O -100 O -g O -of O -whole O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -sensitive O -, O -optimized O -assay O -for O -serum O -AMP O -deaminase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -5 O -. O -4 O -. O -6 O -) O -is O -presented O -, O -which O -is O -based O -on O -a O -colorimetric O -indophenol O -determination O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -liberated O -during O -the O -enzyme O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Gas O -chromatographic O -and O -mass O -spectrometric O -studies O -on O -urinary O -organic O -acids O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -congenital O -lactic O -acidosis O -due O -to O -pyruvate B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -the O -greatly O -- O -increased O -levels O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -marked O -elevation O -in O -the O -levels O -of O -2 O -- O -oxoglutaric O -, O -malic O -, O -and O -isocitric O -acids O -were O -observed O -, O -with O -associated O -increases O -2 O -- O -hydroxyglutaric O -, O -fumaric O -, O -succinic O -, O -and O -glyceric O -acids O -, O -and O -reduced O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -of O -Hillmann O -, O -in O -which O -hydrolysis O -of O -alpha O -- O -naphthyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -by O -acid O -phosphatase O -is O -coupled O -to O -the O -formation O -of O -an O -alpha O -- O -naphthol O -- O -Fast O -Red O -TR O -azo O -- O -compound O -, O -has O -been O -adapted O -for O -use O -with O -the O -LKB O -Produkter O -AB O -8600 O -reaction O -rate O -analyzer O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -in O -bile O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -salts O -in O -gallstones O -. O - -aps B-category -Ultrafiltration O -showed O -some O -calcium B-Chemical -was O -bound O -to O -substances O -with O -a O -molecular O -weight O -greater O -than O -10 O -000 O -, O -and O -the O -chief O -binding O -agent O -is O -likely O -to O -be O -the O -mixed O -micelle O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -ultrafiltrable O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -gallbladder O -bile O -from O -patients O -with O -cholesterol B-Chemical -or O -some O -calcium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -in O -their O -gallstones O -was O -almost O -constant O -for O -a O -range O -of O -total O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -of O -2 O -. O -40 O -- O -- O -9 O -. O -70 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -presence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -calcium B-Chemical -bilirubinate O -in O -gallstones O -could O -be O -related O -to O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -ultrafiltrable O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -gallbladder O -bile O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -with O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -have O -indicated O -that O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -stability O -can O -be O -obtained O -using O -this O -immobilisation O -procedure O -as O -compared O -with O -conventional O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -patients O -with O -a O -definite O -liver O -affection O -, O -especially O -chronic O -alcoholics O -, O -regularly O -show O -an O -even O -more O -important O -elevation O -of O -the O -values O -, O -which O -makes O -this O -test O -a O -sensitive O -tool O -for O -the O -screening O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -liver O -intoxications O -. O - -aps B-category -Details O -of O -a O -systematic O -approach O -to O -suitability O -testing O -of O -commercial O -control O -sera O -are O -given O -for O -substrate O -optimized O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -aminotransferase O -methods O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Their O -acceptability O -for O -control O -purposes O -of O -standardized O -methods O -depends O -on O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -the O -range O -of O -control O -values O -in O -relation O -to O -borderline O -values O -, O -( O -2 O -) O -stability O -, O -( O -3 O -) O -aspect O -, O -clarity O -, O -( O -4 O -) O -NADH O -consumption O -in O -preincubation O -time O -, O -( O -5 O -) O -blank O -activities O -, O -( O -6 O -) O -kinetic O -data O -as O -half O -saturation O -constants O -and O -saturation O -curves O -, O -( O -7 O -) O -influence O -of O -effectors O -, O -( O -8 O -) O -isoenzyme O -pattern O -. O - -aps B-category -Equine O -angiotensin B-Chemical -converting O -enzyme O -: O -a O -zinc B-Chemical -metalloenzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metal O -ion O -involved O -in O -the O -catalytic O -reaction O -of O -the O -enzyme O -has O -been O -identified O -for O -the O -first O -time O -as O -zinc B-Chemical -by O -atomic O -absorption O -spectrometry O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -use O -of O -enzyme O -inhibitors O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -has O -been O -implicated O -as O -a O -functional O -residue O -at O -the O -active O -site O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Genetic O -slow O -acetylators O -are O -more O -likely O -than O -rapid O -acetylators O -to O -experience O -the O -following O -adverse O -drug O -reactions O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -earlier O -development O -of O -procainamide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -antinuclear O -antibody O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -earlier O -and O -more O -frequent O -development O -of O -procainamide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -systemic O -lupus O -erythematosus O -( O -SLE O -) O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -hydralazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -SLE O -; O -( O -4 O -) O -spontaneous O -SLE O -; O -( O -5 O -) O -drowsiness O -and O -nausea O -from O -phenelzine O -; O -( O -6 O -) O -cyanosis O -, O -hemolysis O -, O -and O -transient O -reticulocytosis O -from O -salicylazosulfapyridine O -; O -and O -( O -7 O -) O -polyneuropathy O -after O -isoniazid B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Genetic O -slow O -acetylators O -are O -also O -more O -likely O -than O -rapid O -acetylators O -to O -experience O -greater O -therapeutic O -responses O -from O -similar O -doses O -of O -the O -following O -: O -phenelzine O -, O -hydralazine B-Chemical -provided O -beta O -blockers O -are O -concurrently O -used O -, O -and O -isoniazid B-Chemical -if O -once O -weekly O -therapy O -is O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Leukocyte O -cyclic B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -in O -asthmatic O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -patients O -were O -treated O -with O -the O -placebo O -, O -the O -basal O -measurements O -and O -the O -cyclic O -AMP O -responses O -of O -leukocytes O -to O -in O -vitro O -stimulation O -with O -epinephrine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -were O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -normal O -subjects O -but O -within O -one O -week O -after O -initiation O -of O -treatment O -with O -an O -adrenergic O -bronchodilator O -, O -leukocyte O -cyclic O -AMP O -responses O -to O -adrenergic O -stimulation O -in O -vitro O -decreased O -and O -remained O -low O -during O -the O -remainder O -of O -the O -treatment O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -inactive O -component O -could O -be O -found O -in O -the O -blood O -- O -free O -venous O -effluent O -of O -the O -perfused O -rat O -kidney O -before O -and O -after O -stimulation O -with O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Origins O -of O -antibody O -diversity O -: O -insight O -gained O -from O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -studies O -of O -elicited O -antibodies O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cats O -anaesthetized O -with O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -, O -the O -posterior O -hypothalamus O -was O -superfused O -and O -electrically O -stimulated O -with O -a O -push O -- O -pull O -cannula O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -Propranolol I-Chemical -and O -a O -concentration O -of O -procaine B-Chemical -equianaesthetic O -to O -propranolol B-Chemical -were O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypothalamic O -superfusion O -with O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -abolished O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -phentolamine B-Chemical -on O -the O -depressor O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -- O -Adrenergic O -responsiveness O -monitored O -by O -plasma O -cyclic O -AMP O -determinations O -revealed O -plasma O -cyclic O -AMP O -, O -renin O -and O -circulatory O -hyperresponsiveness O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -in O -borderline O -hyperadrenergic O -EH O -while O -the O -opposite O -, O -cyclic O -AMP O -and O -renin O -hyporesponsiveness O -to O -insulin O -- O -induced O -hypoglycemia O -have O -been O -described O -in O -low O -renin O -stable O -EH O -. O - -aps B-category -Reactions O -to O -hair O -dyes O -and O -bleaches O -may O -be O -" O -suppressed O -" O -with O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -and O -antihistamines O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -analytic O -methods O -were O -applied O -to O -the O -quantitative O -determination O -of O -( O -R O -) O -- O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -and O -( O -S O -) O -- O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -thiopental I-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -( O -R O -) O -- O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -and O -( O -S O -) O -- O -( O -- O -) O -- O -thiamylal O -and O -their O -major O -metabolites O -excreted O -in O -human O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -, O -although O -establishing O -the O -possibilities O -of O -an O -intermediary O -role O -for O -( O -S O -) O -- O -cotinine O -- O -N O -- O -oxide O -in O -the O -metabolism O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -, O -do O -not O -clearly O -indicate O -whether O -the O -metabolites O -such O -as O -demethylcotinine O -arise O -via O -the O -route O -( O -S O -) O -- O -cotinine O -- O -N O -- O -oxide O -leads O -to O -( O -S O -) O -- O -cotinine O -leads O -to O -( O -S O -) O -- O -demethylcotinine O -or O -via O -the O -alternate O -route O -( O -S O -) O -- O -cotinine O -- O -N O -- O -oxide O -leads O -to O -( O -S O -) O -- O -demethylcotinine O -- O -N O -- O -oxide O -leads O -to O -( O -S O -) O -- O -demethylcotinine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -circulating O -perfusate O -was O -found O -to O -contain O -approximately O -equal O -amounts O -of O -styrene O -glycol O -, O -mandelic O -acid O -, O -and O -the O -glutathione B-Chemical -derivative O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenobarbital B-Chemical -pretreatment O -significantly O -increased O -the O -biliary O -excretion O -following O -iopanoate O -administration O -but O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -that O -following O -iopanoate O -glucuronide O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyperglycemia O -produced O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -infusion O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -metabolism O -of O -hexobarbital O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -in O -large O -doses O -and O -at O -high O -gestagenic O -level O -manifested O -antioxytocic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -correlation O -was O -found O -between O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -of O -the O -brain O -and O -the O -postconvulsive O -recovery O -of O -EEG O -. O - -aps B-category -Carpipramine O -may O -be O -considered O -as O -a O -strongly O -desinhibitory O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agent O -which O -bears O -some O -resemblance O -to O -antidepressants B-Chemical -because O -of O -its O -psychoanaleptic O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Estradiol B-Chemical -binding O -capacity O -in O -the O -cryptorchid O -rat O -testis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cytoplasmic O -estradiol B-Chemical -binding O -capacity O -, O -expressed O -as O -fmoles O -[ O -3H O -] O -- B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -/ O -mg O -cytosol O -protein O -, O -increased O -markedly O -from O -a O -control O -of O -16 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -1 O -to O -36 O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -. O -0 O -at O -day O -7 O -after O -surgery O -; O -this O -represented O -a O -126 O -% O -increase O -in O -binding O -capacity O -in O -one O -week O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -role O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -protein O -phosphorylation O -in O -mediating O -neurotransmitter O -release O -and O -anticonvulsant O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -are O -compatible O -with O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -antagonistic O -actions O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -phenytoin B-Chemical -on O -the O -phosphorylation O -of O -synaptosome O -proteins O -may O -be O -the O -underlying O -molecular O -mechanism O -mediating O -the O -opposing O -actions O -of O -these O -agents O -on O -the O -release O -of O -neurotransmitter O -from O -the O -presynaptic O -nerve O -terminal O -. O - -aps B-category -Newborn O -and O -adult O -brush O -border O -preparations O -exhibit O -similar O -pH O -optima O -, O -substrate O -affinities O -, O -apparent O -Km O -values O -, O -patterns O -of O -heat O -inactivation O -, O -inhibition O -by O -glutathione B-Chemical -, O -and O -migration O -on O -polyacrylamide O -gels O -. O - -aps B-category -Values O -were O -identical O -in O -rats O -subjected O -to O -dietary O -potassium B-Chemical -depletion O -for O -2 O -- O -4 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Except O -for O -an O -increase O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -transaminase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -5 O -) O -after O -feeding O -the O -high O -protein O -diet O -, O -there O -were O -no O -changes O -in O -the O -activities O -of O -the O -hepatic O -enzymes O -as O -influenced O -by O -dietary O -protein O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -pH O -- O -dependence O -of O -the O -reaction O -of O -hemoglobin O -with O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Inactivation O -of O -yeast O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -for O -diethyl O -pyrocarbonate O -indicates O -that O -one O -histidine O -residue O -per O -enzyme O -subunit O -is O -necessary O -for O -enzymic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -dextran B-Chemical -sulphate O -and O -heparin B-Chemical -are O -strongly O -bound O -by O -oxy O -- O -hemoglobin O -as O -well O -as O -deoxyhemoglobin O -and O -the O -stoichiometry O -of O -the O -binding O -( O -polyanion O -/ O -tetrameric O -hemoglobin O -) O -is O -less O -than O -unity O -; O -sedimentation O -analysis O -gives O -indication O -for O -the O -existence O -of O -octomers O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -dextran B-Chemical -sulphate O -the O -recombination O -of O -hemoglobin O -with O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -after O -flash O -photolysis O -is O -biphasic O -and O -the O -fraction O -of O -quickly O -reacting O -material O -increases O -with O -dilution O -of O -the O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -of O -insulin O -have O -been O -studied O -by O -1H O -and O -13C O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -spectroscopy O -in O -insulin O -, O -zinc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -insulin O -and O -methylated O -insulin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -native O -insulin O -pKapp O -values O -of O -6 O -. O -7 O -and O -8 O -. O -0 O -are O -obtained O -for O -phenylalanine O -- O -B1 O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -A1 I-Chemical -( O -the O -assignment O -is O -tentative O -) O -and O -11 O -. O -2 O -for O -lysine O -- O -B29 O -. O - -aps B-category -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -dependent O -allosteric O -regulation O -of O -nicotinamide O -nucleotide B-Chemical -transhydrogenase O -from O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -higher O -values O -of O -deltamicronH O -+ O -, O -which O -can O -be O -attained O -by O -glycerol O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -oxidation O -but O -not O -palmitoyl O -- O -L O -- O -carnitine O -plus O -malate B-Chemical -oxidation O -, O -the O -membrane O -conductance O -greatly O -increases O -, O -effectively O -limiting O -the O -maximal O -deltamicronH O -+ O -to O -240 O -mV O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -generality O -and O -significance O -of O -this O -device O -to O -limit O -deltamicronH O -+ O -, O -and O -its O -relation O -to O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -conductance O -, O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -the O -tricarboxylates O -and O -the O -aminotransferases O -in O -NADPH B-Chemical -supply O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -study O -of O -nucleotide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -site O -on O -chloroplast O -coupling O -factor O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Hb O -S O -Travis O -is O -a O -previously O -undescribed O -sickling O -hemoglobin O -with O -two O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -substitutions O -in O -the O -beta O -chain O -: O -beta6 O -Glu O -leads O -to O -Val O -and O -beta142 O -Ala O -leads O -to O -Val O -. O - -aps B-category -Inositol O -tetrakisphosphate O -: O -the O -major O -phosphate B-Chemical -compound O -in O -the O -erythrocytes O -of O -the O -ostrich O -( O -Struthio O -camelus O -camelus O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanism O -of O -oestrogen B-Chemical -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -effects O -on O -lipid O -and O -carbohydrate O -metabolism O -: O -alteration O -in O -the O -insulin O -: O -glucagon O -molar O -ratio O -and O -hepatic O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Progesterone B-Chemical -, O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -had O -no O -significant O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Oestradiol O -also O -produced O -a O -dose O -dependent O -increase O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -liver O -lipogenic O -enzymes O -, O -acetyl O -CoA O -carboxylase O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Progesterone B-Chemical -produced O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -portal O -vein O -insulin O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -I O -/ O -G O -molar O -ratio O -in O -portal O -vein O -blood O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -treated O -rats O -remained O -unaltered O -and O -the O -hepatic O -lipogenic O -and O -gluconeogenic O -enzyme O -activities O -were O -similar O -to O -control O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -17beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -( O -E2 O -) O -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -( O -P O -) O -on O -the O -portal O -vein O -blood O -levels O -of O -insulin O -and O -glucagon O -in O -female O -ovariectomized O -( O -OVX O -) O -rats O -were O -studied O -and O -the O -simultaneous O -status O -of O -both O -the O -rate O -- O -limiting O -enzymes O -and O -metabolic O -intermediates O -of O -hepatic O -lipogenesis O -and O -gluconeogenesis O -were O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -E2 O -- O -treated O -rats O -had O -slightly O -reduced O -portal O -vein O -basal O -insulin O -levels O -and O -a O -marked O -suppression O -in O -basal O -glucagon O -response O -with O -impaired O -glucagon O -response O -to O -alanine B-Chemical -infusions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -the O -gluconeogenic O -rate O -limiting O -enzyme O -phosphoenal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyruvate I-Chemical -carboxykinase O -was O -inhibited O -. O - -aps B-category -Normal O -human O -fibroblasts O -derived O -from O -a O -standard O -culture O -strain O -( O -MRC O -- O -5 O -) O -were O -grown O -to O -confluence O -and O -exposed O -to O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -sterile O -human O -T O -- O -tube O -bile O -, O -( O -2 O -) O -a O -mixture O -of O -bile O -acids O -resembling O -that O -of O -human O -bile O -, O -or O -( O -3 O -) O -various O -concentrations O -of O -the O -glycine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -taurine O -conjugates O -of O -cholic O -, O -chenodeoxycholic O -or O -deoxycholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -mixture O -exhibited O -the O -same O -time O -and O -dose O -dependent O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -halazepam O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -on O -the O -motor O -coordination O -of O -geriatric O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Regional O -effects O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -and O -thioridazine B-Chemical -caused O -a O -more O -marked O -increase O -in O -DA O -turnover O -in O -the O -striatum O -than O -in O -the O -mesolimbic O -areas O -, O -while O -the O -reverse O -was O -true O -for O -sulpiride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -in O -the O -three O -brain O -structures O -investigated O -there O -was O -no O -correlation O -between O -the O -differential O -effects O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -turnover O -in O -vivo O -and O -the O -blockade O -by O -these O -drug O -of O -the O -DA O -- O -sensitive O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -dopamine B-Chemical -metabolite O -levels O -in O -the O -rat O -striatum O -and O -tuberculum O -olfactorium O -, O -following O -the O -administration O -of O -three O -non O -- O -antipsychotic O -butyrophenones O -( O -AL O -- O -499 O -, O -AHR O -- O -1900 O -and O -U O -- O -25 O -, O -927 O -) O -and O -a O -non O -- O -antipsychotic O -benzazepine O -( O -SCH O -- O -12 O -, O -679 O -) O -, O -were O -compared O -to O -the O -effects O -seen O -following O -the O -antipsychotics O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -and O -clozapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -non O -- O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -only O -AHR O -- O -1900 O -significantly O -elevated O -the O -level O -of O -DOPAC B-Chemical -, O -however O -, O -the O -slope O -of O -its O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -was O -atypically O -flat O -in O -comparison O -to O -the O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -of O -drugs O -with O -known O -antipsychotic O -efficacy O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -dose O -- O -dependent O -elevation O -of O -DOPAC B-Chemical -in O -the O -striatum O -and O -tuberculum O -olfactorium O -of O -the O -rat O -is O -a O -good O -predictor O -of O -antipsychotic O -efficacy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -inhibitors O -, O -FLA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -63 I-Chemical -and O -picolinic O -acid O -, O -antagonized O -the O -anticonvulsant O -action O -of O -methazolamine O -in O -mice O -; O -disulfiram B-Chemical -and O -pyrimidinethiol O -were O -inactive O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -findings O -clearly O -demonstrate O -that O -differences O -exist O -among O -inhibitors O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -regarding O -their O -ability O -to O -antagonize O -the O -anticonvulsant O -action O -of O -methazolamide O -under O -various O -test O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -adrenergic O -mechanisms O -involved O -in O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -ACh O -) O -induced O -potassium B-Chemical -movements O -in O -the O -sinus O -node O -have O -been O -investigated O -using O -a O -tracer O -potassium B-Chemical -( O -42K O -) O -and O -a O -microelectrode O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -Reserpinization O -neither O -prevented O -the O -ACh O -- O -induced O -increase O -in O -42K O -uptake O -nor O -the O -enhanced O -effect O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -both O -neuromediators O -and O -atropine B-Chemical -were O -given O -simultaneously O -, O -an O -increase O -in O -42K O -uptake O -did O -not O -occur O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -toxin O -reduced O -but O -did O -not O -abolish O -the O -acid O -stimulatory O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -GABA B-Chemical -accumulation O -induced O -by O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -hydrazide O -in O -regions O -of O -rat O -brain O -following O -treatment O -with O -a O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -inhibitor O -and O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -2 O -- O -p O -- O -toluidinylnaphthalene O -- O -6 O -- O -sulfonate O -( O -TNS O -) O -to O -adenylylated O -( O -E O -- O -- O -11 O -) O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -is O -cooperative O -and O -time O -- O -dependent O -, O -with O -3 O -dye O -sites O -per O -subunit O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -compound O -appeared O -to O -be O -able O -to O -markedly O -reduce O -the O -gastric O -hypersecretion O -produced O -by O -pentagastrin O -, O -caerulein B-Chemical -and O -bethanechol B-Chemical -; O -its O -antagonizing O -activity O -against O -histamine B-Chemical -stimulation O -was O -poor O -. O - -aps B-category -Basic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -stimulate O -the O -activation O -of O -the O -glucocorticoid O -- O -- O -receptor O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alkali B-Chemical -stability O -of O -the O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Generation O -of O -the O -superoxide B-Chemical -radical O -during O -the O -peroxidatic O -oxidation O -of O -NADH O -by O -catalase O -at O -acid O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Microcrystalloscopic O -reactions O -for O -identification O -of O -several O -piperazine B-Chemical -derivatives O -of O -phenothiazine O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Necrotizing O -angiitis O -and O -hepatitis O -in O -an O -amphetamine B-Chemical -abuser O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -pH O -, O -low O -sodium B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -and O -methotrexate B-Chemical -on O -the O -jejunal O -- O -surface O -pH O -: O -a O -model O -for O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transfer O -. O - -aps B-category -Occupancy O -of O -muscarinic O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptors O -stimulates O -a O -guanylate O -cyclase O -in O -neuroblastoma O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -multiplicity O -of O -components O -, O -energization O -mechanisms O -and O -functions O -involved O -in O -galactose B-Chemical -transport O -into O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -possible O -involvement O -of O -protohaem O -in O -the O -induction O -of O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -in O -etiolated O -barley O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -two O -- O -phase O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -determine O -the O -optimum O -hynotic O -dose O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -and O -to O -assess O -any O -evidence O -of O -acute O -tolerance O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -tolerable O -doses O -ranged O -between O -0 O -- O -5 O -and O -3 O -- O -0 O -mg O -; O -however O -, O -all O -subjects O -experienced O -maximum O -therapeutic O -effect O -at O -1 O -- O -5 O -mg O -triazolam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -metoprolol B-Chemical -in O -a O -dosage O -of O -150 O -- O -450 O -mg O -daily O -is O -an O -effective O -and O -well O -tolerated O -therapy O -both O -in O -patients O -previously O -untreated O -and O -in O -patients O -unsatisfactorily O -treated O -with O -other O -antihypertensive O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -insulin O -release O -by O -exogenous O -insulin O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -in O -pancreatic O -islets O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -a O -decrease O -of O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -/ O -NADP O -ratio O -and O -the O -pentose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -cycle O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -of O -rat O -insulin O -, O -and O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -G6P O -) O -and O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -( O -6PG O -) O -contents O -were O -determined O -by O -enzymatic O -cycling O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -caerulein B-Chemical -on O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -and O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -in O -the O -duodenal O -juice O -in O -chronic O -pancreatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -the O -gall O -- O -bladder O -is O -necessary O -to O -observe O -this O -effect O -of O -caerulein B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -intraventricular O -administration O -of O -sulpiride B-Chemical -suppressed O -the O -experimental O -cinchophen O -ulcer O -, O -thereby O -the O -effect O -of O -repeated O -administration O -of O -the O -material O -on O -cinchophen O -ulcerogenesis O -is O -evident O -, O -whereas O -intermittent O -administration O -lacked O -this O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -can O -thus O -be O -concluded O -that O -sulpiride B-Chemical -acts O -principally O -at O -the O -level O -of O -hypothalamus O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnesium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -and O -aluminum B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -bound O -bile O -acids O -much O -more O -weakly O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -beta O -adrenergic O -blocking O -drugs O -on O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aldosterone I-Chemical -system O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -, O -and O -renal O -hemodynamics O -in O -cirrhosis O -with O -ascites O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -effect O -on O -the O -rate O -of O -renal O -excretion O -of O -aldosterone B-Chemical -was O -variable O -, O -suggesting O -that O -factors O -other O -than O -the O -renin O -- O -angiotension O -system O -are O -responsible O -for O -the O -control O -of O -aldosterone B-Chemical -secretion O -in O -cirrhosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -renal O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -was O -inversely O -related O -to O -the O -values O -for O -aldosterone B-Chemical -both O -before O -and O -after O -beta O -adrenergic O -blockade O -, O -indicating O -a O -major O -role O -for O -aldosterone B-Chemical -in O -regulating O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -on O -the O -amphibian O -gastric O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -mucosal O -exposure O -of O -10 O -or O -20 O -mM O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -a O -characteristic O -series O -of O -changes O -evolved O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -abolition O -of O -short O -circuit O -current O -could O -not O -be O -attributed O -to O -mucosal O -to O -serosal O -flux O -of O -acetylsalicylate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -number O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -auxotrophs O -of O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -were O -isolated O -and O -characterized O -genetically O -. O - -aps B-category -Strain O -JB674 O -grown O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -medium O -containing O -ammonia B-Chemical -as O -the O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -has O -reduced O -levels O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -that O -is O -more O -adenylylated O -than O -in O -the O -parent O -strain O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -enzyme O -can O -not O -be O -deadenylylated O -normally O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -Gln O -+ O -revertants O -of O -JB674 O -have O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activities O -4 O -to O -6 O -fold O -higher O -than O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -when O -given O -topically O -or O -parenterally O -, O -did O -not O -affect O -net O -luminal B-Chemical -Na O -+ O -gain O -or O -net O -luminal B-Chemical -H O -+ O -loss O -in O -vagally O -- O -denervated O -pouches O -of O -antrectomised O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Treatment O -of O -peptic O -ulcer O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -receptor O -antagonists O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -Cimetidine B-Chemical -administered O -at O -a O -usual O -dosage O -over O -a O -4 O -- O -- O -6 O -week O -period O -, O -serious O -side O -- O -effects O -must O -not O -be O -expected O -. O - -aps B-category -Protective O -effect O -of O -an O -antacid O -on O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -induced O -functional O -lesions O -in O -the O -human O -gastric O -mucosa O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -an O -antacid O -prevented O -the O -salicylate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -drop O -of O -transmural O -PD O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamine O -synthetase O -from O -pig O -brain O -: O -binding O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -tryptic O -heptadecapeptide O -isolated O -from O -the O -derivatized O -enzyme O -representing O -the O -carboxy O -terminal O -seems O -to O -belong O -to O -the O -active O -centre O -; O -its O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -was O -partially O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymatically O -active O -peptide O -from O -the O -adenosine B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ribosylating I-Chemical -toxin O -of O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -. O - -aps B-category -That O -the O -peptide O -is O -not O -identical O -to O -fragment O -A O -is O -shown O -by O -the O -fact O -that O -it O -was O -not O -neutralized O -by O -fragment O -A O -- O -specific O -antiserum O -and O -was O -different O -in O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -and O -pH O -and O -thermal O -labilities O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -action O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -on O -the O -growth O -of O -Neisseria O -gonorrhoeae O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -growth O -inhibition O -caused O -by O -saturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -increased O -with O -increasing O -chain O -length O -to O -a O -maximum O -with O -palmitic O -acid O -( O -C O -( O -16 O -) O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -of O -chain O -length O -C O -( O -16 O -) O -to O -C O -( O -20 O -) O -were O -inhibitory O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -sensitivity O -of O -N O -. O -gonorrhoeae O -to O -long O -- O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -appears O -to O -be O -related O -to O -the O -permeability O -of O -the O -outer O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Saturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -inhibited O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -by O -log O -- O -phase O -cells O -of O -N O -. O -gonorrhoeae O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -in O -vitro O -inhibition O -of O -reduced O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -oxidase O -activity O -by O -saturated O -( O -C O -( O -1 O -) O -to O -C O -( O -12 O -) O -) O -and O -unsaturated O -( O -C O -( O -16 O -) O -to O -C O -( O -20 O -) O -) O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -was O -also O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Irreversible O -inhibition O -of O -the O -enzymatic O -site O -of O -CLCP O -by O -phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride O -or O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -Ala O -- O -Ala O -- O -Phe O -- O -chloromethyl O -ketone B-Chemical -did O -not O -affect O -its O -adsorption O -by O -yeast O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -their O -earlier O -methodological O -model O -studies O -the O -authors O -confirmed O -the O -protective O -effect O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -in O -inhalative O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -provocation O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -a O -protective O -effect O -was O -exerted O -in O -histamine B-Chemical -provocation O -repeated O -20 O -minutes O -after O -subcutaneous O -administration O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -sulphate I-Chemical -in O -a O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -01 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemodynamic O -characterization O -of O -a O -new O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blocker O -: O -mepindolol O -at O -rest O -, O -during O -ergometer O -exercise O -and O -in O -the O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -study O -in O -comparison O -with O -practolol O -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -injection O -of O -a O -beta O -- O -receptor O -- O -blocker O -the O -hemodynamic O -parameters O -were O -measured O -again O -under O -increasing O -doses O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -until O -the O -block O -was O -overcome O -. O - -aps B-category -injection O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -the O -dose O -- O -response O -- O -relationship O -- O -curve O -for O -the O -heart O -- O -rate O -( O -HR O -) O -and O -stroke O -volume O -( O -SV O -) O -describes O -a O -definite O -shift O -to O -the O -right O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -only O -a O -very O -slight O -shift O -can O -be O -seen O -in O -respect O -of O -the O -SV O -increase O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thermophilic O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenase O -from O -Bacillus O -stearothermophilus O -was O -inhibited O -upon O -specific O -modification O -of O -the O -- O -SH O -group O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -residues O -by O -7 O -- O -chloro O -- O -4 O -- O -nitrobenzo O -- O -2 O -- O -oxa O -- O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -diazole O -( O -NBD O -- O -Cl O -) O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -role O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -phenothiazine O -- O -induced O -hypothermia O -in O -rats O -: O -an O -application O -to O -DA O -hypothesis O -of O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -, O -degree O -of O -hypothermia O -induced O -was O -found O -to O -be O -correlated O -with O -relative O -effectiveness O -of O -the O -drug O -as O -an O -antipsychotic O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypothermic O -effects O -of O -each O -of O -the O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Amphetamine I-Chemical -was O -greater O -than O -for O -either O -drug O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -establishment O -of O -interdependency O -between O -antipsychotic O -and O -hypothermic O -effects O -of O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -offers O -promise O -not O -only O -to O -a O -greater O -understanding O -of O -the O -mechanisms O -underlying O -these O -effects O -, O -but O -the O -possibility O -of O -an O -objective O -test O -for O -screening O -new O -materials O -for O -antipsychotic O -effectiveness O -. O - -aps B-category -Giving O -100 O -per O -cent O -oxygen B-Chemical -before O -suctioning O -prevented O -suction O -- O -induced O -hypoxemia O -during O -and O -immediately O -after O -suctioning O -, O -but O -at O -5 O -minutes O -after O -suctioning O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -fell O -below O -control O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -mechanical O -ventilation O -using O -100 O -per O -cent O -oxygen B-Chemical -was O -maintained O -before O -, O -during O -, O -and O -after O -the O -suction O -procedure O -, O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -remained O -elevated O -at O -all O -times O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -uses O -microangular O -DEAE O -cellulose O -( O -DE O -52 O -, O -microgranular O -and O -preswollen O -, O -Whatman O -Inc O -. O -) O -equilibrated O -with O -a O -0 O -. O -2 O -M O -glycine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -0 I-Chemical -. O -1 O -% O -KCN O -solution O -, O -pH O -7 O -. O -25 O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -paper O -describes O -a O -method O -for O -isolating O -high O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -hemoglobins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -iodoacetamide O -derivative O -of O -the O -high O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -hemoglobin O -was O -separated O -from O -the O -more O -negatively O -charged O -iodoacetic O -acid O -derivative O -of O -HbA O -on O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -and O -non O -- O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -dependence O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -the O -histochemical O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotics O -fortimicins O -A O -and O -B O -produced O -by O -a O -naturally O -occurring O -strain O -Micromonospora O -sp O -. O - -aps B-category -Paper O -chromatography O -, O -silica O -- O -gel O -and O -carbon B-Chemical -thin O -- O -layer O -chromatography O -revealed O -that O -fortimicins O -A O -and O -B O -are O -novel O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -study O -of O -fortimicin O -A O -compared O -with O -other O -aminoglycosides B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Against O -most O -of O -these O -organisms O -fortimicin O -and O -amikacin B-Chemical -had O -comparable O -levels O -of O -antimicrobial O -activity O -, O -generally O -slightly O -less O -than O -that O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -, O -sagamicin O -or O -tobramycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -fortimicin O -was O -compared O -to O -that O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -, O -tobramycin B-Chemical -and O -amikacin B-Chemical -against O -a O -group O -of O -95 O -naturally O -occurring O -, O -antibiotic O -- O -resistant O -Gram O -- O -negative O -bacilli O -other O -than O -Pseudomonas O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -a O -concentration O -of O -6 O -. O -2 O -mcg O -/ O -ml O -, O -fortimicin O -inhibited O -the O -most O -strains O -( O -92 O -. O -6 O -% O -) O -followed O -by O -amikacin B-Chemical -( O -90 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -, O -gentamicin B-Chemical -( O -23 O -. O -2 O -% O -) O -and O -tobramycin B-Chemical -( O -8 O -. O -4 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotics O -on O -iodohippurate O -accumulation O -in O -rabbit O -renal O -cortical O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -Accumulation O -of O -OIH O -was O -measured O -after O -incubation O -of O -cortex O -slices O -in O -media O -containing O -aminoglycosides B-Chemical -in O -different O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -concentration O -of O -2 O -, O -000 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -caused O -the O -following O -reduction O -in O -OIH O -accumulation O -: O -Dihydrostreptomycin O -, O -19 O -. O -3 O -% O -; O -streptomycin B-Chemical -, O -28 O -. O -9 O -% O -; O -kanamycin B-Chemical -, O -23 O -. O -8 O -% O -; O -neomycin O -, O -62 O -. O -5 O -% O -; O -gentamicin B-Chemical -, O -68 O -. O -0 O -% O -; O -amikacin B-Chemical -and O -tobramycin B-Chemical -, O -100 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vitro O -model O -described O -here O -appears O -to O -be O -inadequate O -as O -a O -sole O -predictor O -of O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -nephrotoxicity O -, O -but O -may O -provide O -a O -supplementary O -tool O -in O -the O -investigation O -of O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -proximal O -tubular O -cell O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -experiments O -, O -3 O -- O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -one O -dinitrophenol O -isomer O -was O -administered O -to O -chloralose B-Chemical -anesthetized O -dogs O -by O -intra O -- O -arterial O -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetic O -studies O -showed O -that O -parabens O -could O -be O -completely O -hydrolyzed O -in O -strong O -base O -at O -40 O -degrees O -C O -in O -1 O -hr O -, O -while O -the O -barbiturate B-Chemical -remained O -intact O -and O -was O -readily O -isolated O -by O -partition O -chromatography O -, O -Based O -on O -the O -theoretical O -results O -, O -a O -partition O -chromatographic O -procedure O -for O -butabarbital O -with O -parabens O -was O -devised O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -low O -extraction O -constant O -for O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -allowed O -its O -retention O -on O -a O -column O -against O -relatively O -strong O -solvents O -while O -the O -intact O -parabens O -are O -eluted O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -technique O -is O -applicable O -to O -ergot B-Chemical -alkaloids O -, O -phenylethylamines O -, O -opium O -alkaloids O -, O -local O -anesthetics O -, O -barbiturates O -, O -and O -other O -drugs O -of O -forensic O -interest O -. O - -aps B-category -Molecular O -weights O -and O -subunit O -sizes O -were O -similar O -, O -but O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -compositions O -showed O -some O -marked O -differences O -. O - -aps B-category -Activities O -of O -the O -enzymes O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -EC O -6 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -uridine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphate O -( O -UDP O -) O -- O -N O -- O -acetylglucosamine O -pyrophosphorylase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -23 O -. O - -aps B-category -Propionate O -, O -L O -- O -threonine O -, O -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -also O -result O -in O -acetamidase O -induction O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetate O -, O -L O -- O -threonine O -, O -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -however O -, O -can O -induce O -these O -enzymes O -in O -strains O -containing O -facA O -and O -facC O -lesions O -but O -not O -in O -strains O -containing O -a O -facB O -lesion O -. O - -aps B-category -8 O -- O -1 O -grows O -well O -in O -alkaline O -media O -containing O -2 O -. O -5 O -to O -5 O -% O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Competition O -studies O -indicate O -that O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -, O -L O -- O -serine O -, O -and O -AIB O -share O -common O -carriers O -for O -the O -transport O -of O -the O -compounds O -into O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -6 O -- O -aminonicotinamide O -and O -6 O -- O -aminonicotinic O -acid O -probably O -exert O -at O -least O -a O -portion O -of O -their O -bacteriostatic O -effects O -by O -being O -metabolized O -, O -by O -the O -enzymes O -of O -the O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -cycle O -, O -to O -6 O -- O -aminonicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -and O -6 O -- O -aminonicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -conclusion O -was O -based O -on O -the O -observation O -that O -transport O -did O -not O -occur O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -or O -the O -presence O -of O -dinitrophenol O -, O -carbonyl O -cyanide O -- O -m O -- O -chloro O -- O -phenyl O -hydrazine O -, O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -or O -arsenate O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -regulation O -of O -membrane O -energetics O -in O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -particular O -, O -their O -capacity O -for O -synthesizing O -a O -functional O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -transhydrogenase O -system O -was O -totally O -repressed O -, O -and O -their O -content O -of O -flavin O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -was O -reduced O -by O -approximately O -85 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -these O -membrane O -- O -associated O -dysfunctions O -were O -completely O -restored O -to O -the O -wild O -- O -type O -state O -when O -the O -cya O -cells O -were O -grown O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -exogenous O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -the O -Neurospora O -crassa O -assimilatory O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -by O -citrate B-Chemical -and O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -was O -dependent O -upon O -the O -prior O -removal O -of O -EDTA O -from O -the O -enzyme O -preparations O -, O -since O -low O -quantities O -of O -EDTA O -resulted O -in O -maximal O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -arginine O -, O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -glutamine B-Chemical -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -histidine O -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -, O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -restored O -and O -stimulated O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -activity O -from O -29 O -- O -to O -46 O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -of O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -increased O -with O -increasing O -concentrations O -of O -histidine O -but O -decreased O -with O -increasing O -concentrations O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Partial O -purification O -and O -characterization O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -isozymes O -from O -sweet O -potato O -roots O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -by O -NADH O -with O -either O -isozyme O -I O -or O -II O -was O -inhibited O -by O -pyruvate B-Chemical -at O -high O -concentrations O -, O -by O -NAD O -+ O -and O -by O -several O -mononucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -Alteration O -of O -the O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -results O -in O -overproduction O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -mutation O -resulted O -in O -a O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -with O -altered O -kinetic O -and O -feedback O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -mutation O -is O -very O -closely O -linked O -( O -recombination O -index O -of O -0 O -. O -03 O -) O -to O -another O -glutamine B-Chemical -auxotroph O -containing O -enzyme O -with O -altered O -electrophoretic O -and O -heat O -sensitivity O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -sterol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -hydrolase O -from O -Fusarium O -oxysporum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cholesterol B-Chemical -esterase O -from O -Fusarium O -oxysporum O -IGH O -- O -2 O -was O -purified O -about O -270 O -- O -fold O -by O -means O -of O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -precipitation O -and O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -75 O -column O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -various O -cholesterol B-Chemical -esters O -tested O -, O -cholesterol B-Chemical -linoleate O -was O -the O -most O -suitable O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -a O -weight O -percentage O -basis O -, O -LDL O -contained O -cholesterol B-Chemical -ester O -, O -30 O -. O -3 O -% O -; O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -5 O -. O -6 O -% O -; O -triglyceride B-Chemical -, O -12 O -. O -5 O -% O -; O -phospholipids O -, O -23 O -. O -3 O -% O -; O -and O -protein O -, O -22 O -. O -4 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -the O -chlesterol O -ester O -from O -the O -bullfrog O -serum O -LDL O -was O -quite O -different O -from O -that O -of O -the O -human O -serum O -LDL O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -pH O -and O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -greatly O -affected O -the O -specific O -adsorption O -of O -the O -newly O -- O -synthesized O -RNA O -on O -the O -column O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -values O -of O -standard O -free O -energy O -change O -upon O -denaturation O -were O -estimated O -over O -the O -temperature O -range O -from O -3 O -to O -51 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Large O -differences O -in O -the O -heat O -capacity O -of O -the O -native O -and O -denatured O -states O -amounting O -to O -several O -kcal O -/ O -mol O -- O -deg O -were O -obtained O -for O -all O -three O -kinds O -of O -cytochromes O -c O -. O -These O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -change O -in O -the O -sign O -of O -both O -the O -enthalpy O -and O -entropy O -change O -of O -denaturation O -, O -with O -maximum O -stability O -of O -the O -native O -state O -at O -12 O -degrees O -C O -for O -horse O -and O -bovine O -cytochromes O -c O -and O -at O -9 O -degrees O -C O -for O -Candida O -krusei O -. O - -aps B-category -NADPH B-Chemical -being O -three O -or O -four O -times O -more O -effective O -than O -NADH O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -omega B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transaminases O -from O -Bacillus O -cereus O -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -- O -Alanine O -: O -pyruvic O -acid O -transaminase O -and O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -: O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutaric O -acid O -transaminase O -were O -induced O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -and O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -respectively O -, O -to O -the O -growth O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -gamma O -- O -Aminobutyric O -acid O -, O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminocaproic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -2 O -- O -aminoethylphosphonic O -acid O -, O -and O -propylamine O -showed O -about O -30 O -- O -40 O -% O -of O -the O -activity O -of O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -as O -amino B-Chemical -donors O -, O -and O -oxalacetic O -acid O -was O -as O -good O -an O -amino B-Chemical -acceptor O -as O -pyruvic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -gamma O -- O -Aminobutyric O -acid O -and O -delta O -- O -aminovaleric O -acid O -were O -good O -amino B-Chemical -donors O -but O -other O -omega B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -virtually O -inactive O -with O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transaminase O -; O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutaric O -acid O -, O -and O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -glyoxylic O -acid O -, O -were O -active O -amino B-Chemical -acceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Affinity O -labeling O -of O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -related I-Chemical -enzymes O -with O -reactive O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -analogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -of O -the O -salt B-Chemical -modifications O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -purified O -from O -a O -marine O -Vibrio O -alginolyticus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -quenching O -of O -tryptophanyl O -fluorescence O -of O -native O -and O -denatured O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -from O -hog O -kidney O -was O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -measuring O -the O -fluorescence O -intensities O -of O -the O -tryptophanyl O -residues O -and O -FAD O -of O -the O -holoenzyme O -solution O -, O -and O -the O -fluorescence O -polarization O -of O -the O -holoenzyme O -solution O -containing O -halide O -anions O -such O -as O -iodide O -, O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -or O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -we O -found O -that O -FAD O -dissociates O -from O -the O -holoenzyme O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -iodide O -, O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -or O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -ability O -to O -dissociate O -FAD O -from O -the O -holoenzyme O -decreases O -in O -order O -iodide O -, O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -and O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Circular O -dichroism O -spectra O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -Accumulation O -of O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -in O -red O -cells O -incubated O -with O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -ester O -in O -an O -acidified O -isotonic O -sucrose B-Chemical -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluoride O -increased O -the O -apparent O -accumulation O -by O -inhibition O -of O -the O -intracellular O -metabolic O -interconversion O -of O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -compound O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -endotoxin O -- O -activated O -hemocyte O -lysate O -from O -horseshoe O -crab O -( O -Tachypleus O -and O -Limulus O -) O -was O -found O -to O -hydrolyze O -specifically O -BZ O -- O -Ile O -- O -Glu O -- O -Gly O -- O -Arg O -- O -p O -- O -nitroanilide O -, O -which O -was O -recently O -introduced O -as O -the O -substrate O -for O -assay O -of O -the O -blood O -coagulation O -factor O -, O -Factor B-Chemical -Xa I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -lipolysis O -in O -artificial O -lipid O -micelles O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -adrenaline B-Chemical -stimulated O -the O -release O -of O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -a O -lipolytic O -system O -consisting O -of O -the O -lipid O -micelles O -and O -adipose O -tissue O -lipase O -. O - -aps B-category -Dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -, O -theophylline B-Chemical -, O -and O -phospholipase O -C O -increased O -the O -rate O -of O -lipolysis O -in O -the O -system O -but O -cyclic O -AMP O -and O -phospholipase O -D O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -isoenzymes O -were O -obtained O -, O -each O -in O -a O -homogeneous O -state O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -( O -SDS O -) O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -: O -one O -had O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -120 O -, O -000 O -and O -pI O -of O -3 O -. O -7 O -and O -the O -other O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -30 O -, O -000 O -with O -a O -pI O -of O -7 O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -reaction O -of O -chloroacetaldehyde B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -039 O -M O -) O -with O -the O -" O -free O -" O -adenine O -residue O -in O -deoxyadenosine O -- O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -dAMP O -) O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -has O -been O -found O -to O -be O -nearly O -equal O -to O -that O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Proline O -liberated O -by O -the O -enzymic O -reaction O -was O -measured O -by O -a O -sensitive O -colorimetric O -ninhydrin O -method O -in O -glacial O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -at O -513 O -nm O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -on O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -- O -induced O -modification O -of O -30S O -dynein O -from O -Tetrahymena O -cilia O -. O - -aps B-category -Collagenase O -of O -human O -basal O -cell O -epithelioma O -was O -purified O -by O -sequential O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -, O -Sephadex O -gel O -filtration O -and O -affinity O -chromatography O -on O -collagen O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -. O - -aps B-category -Heparin B-Chemical -did O -not O -stimulate O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Approximately O -50 O -% O -of O -the O -neutral O -protease O -activity O -toward O -casein O -in O -the O -lysate O -was O -recovered O -in O -the O -KCl O -extract O -fraction O -, O -which O -was O -practically O -devoid O -of O -acid O -protease O -, O -cathepsin O -D O -. O -The O -pH O -optimum O -of O -the O -neutral O -protease O -toward O -casein O -and O -urea B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -denatured I-Chemical -hemoglobin O -was O -pH O -8 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Interactions O -of O -alpha O -- O -chymotrypsin O -with O -peptides O -containing O -tryptophan B-Chemical -or O -its O -derivatives O -at O -the O -C O -- O -terminus O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -substrates O -containing O -tryptophan B-Chemical -or O -Nin O -- O -formyltryptophan O -, O -the O -second O -- O -order O -rate O -of O -hydrolysis O -increases O -with O -increase O -of O -chain O -length O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degree O -of O -stimulation O -of O -the O -ATPase O -was O -proportional O -to O -the O -extent O -of O -mitochondrial O -swelling O -induced O -by O -DBP O -in O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -Tris O -- O -HCl O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -) O -containing O -0 O -. O -25 O -M O -sucrose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -S O -- O -Adenosyl O -- O -L O -- O -homocysteine O -, O -one O -of O -the O -products O -of O -the O -reaction O -, O -was O -a O -competitive O -inhibitor O -with O -respect O -to O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Investigation O -of O -the O -relation O -of O -the O -pH O -- O -dependent O -dissociation O -of O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -to O -modification O -of O -the O -enzyme O -by O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increased O -rate O -and O -specificity O -of O -the O -inactivation O -of O -mitochondrial O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -by O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -reagent O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -has O -been O -correlated O -with O -the O -pH O -- O -dependent O -dissociation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -using O -enzyme O -modified O -by O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -reagent O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -indicate O -that O -selective O -modification O -of O -essential O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -residues O -alters O -the O -proper O -binding O -of O -NADH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -analogs O -, O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diazo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norleucine I-Chemical -( O -DON O -) O -and O -L O -- O -azaserine O -inactivate O -the O -human O -kidney O -enzyme O -with O -respect O -to O -its O -transpeptidase O -and O -hydrolase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -light O -subunit O -of O -human O -transpeptidase O -closely O -resembles O -that O -of O -rat O -kidney O -enzyme O -in O -having O -the O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -binding O -site O -, O -and O -similar O -molecular O -weight O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -. O - -aps B-category -Steady O -state O -and O -equilibrium O -exchange O -kinetic O -studies O -of O -the O -sheep O -brain O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydroperoxide O -- O -dependent O -hydroxylation O -involving O -" O -H2O2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -reducible I-Chemical -hemoprotein O -" O -in O -microsomes O -of O -pea O -seeds O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -neither O -oxidized O -by O -cytochrome O -oxidase O -nor O -reduced O -by O -NADH O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -or O -succinate O -cytochrome O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cobaltic O -protein O -( O -Co3 O -+ O -HRP O -) O -can O -be O -reduced O -to O -the O -cobaltous O -form O -( O -CoHRP O -) O -, O -the O -analogue O -of O -ferroperoxidase O -and O -the O -reduced O -cobalt B-Chemical -protein O -can O -bind O -O2 O -to O -form O -an O -analogue O -of O -oxyferroperoxidase O -( O -Compound O -III O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -spectrum O -of O -the O -latter O -shows O -a O -uniquely O -large O -Aparallel O -( O -59Co O -) O -= O -23 O -. O -2 O -G O -. O -Although O -we O -confirm O -the O -reported O -failure O -of O -the O -Co3 O -+ O -HRP O -to O -catalyze O -peroxide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -oxidations O -of O -classical O -peroxidase O -substrates O -( O -Gjessing O -, O -E O -. O -C O -. O -, O -and O -Sumner O -, O -J O -. O -B O -. O -( O -1942 O -) O -Arch O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -by O -phosphate B-Chemical -of O -yeast O -phosphofructokinase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activation O -by O -AMP O -, O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -or O -both O -together O -is O -primarily O -due O -to O -changes O -in O -the O -affinity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -for O -fructose O -- O -6 O -- O -P O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -are O -consistent O -with O -a O -model O -for O -phosphofructokinase O -where O -two O -conformations O -, O -with O -different O -affinities O -for O -fructose O -- O -6 O -- O -P O -and O -ATP O -, O -will O -present O -the O -same O -affinity O -for O -AMP O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Covalent O -immobilization O -of O -soluble O -and O -enzymically O -active O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -coenzymes O -by O -a O -single O -step O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tau O -preparation O -migrated O -as O -a O -single O -, O -protein O -- O -staining O -band O -with O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -11 O -, O -000 O -during O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -the O -flavoenzyme O -lactate B-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -defective O -cells O -exhibit O -a O -massive O -sodium B-Chemical -ion O -leak O -while O -maintaining O -normal O -impermeability O -to O -other O -cations O -, O -anions O -, O -and O -neutral O -small O -molecules O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -synthesis O -in O -isolated O -liver O -cell O -suspensions O -. O - -aps B-category -Membrane O -- O -bound O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -of O -Bacillus O -licheniformis O -749 O -/ O -c O -is O -derepressed O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -complex O -and O -chemically O -defined O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lactate B-Chemical -repression O -neither O -affects O -total O -protein O -synthesis O -nor O -inhibits O -penicillinase O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -variations O -in O -the O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -growth O -media O -directly O -affect O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -synthesis O -, O -the O -intracellular O -inorganic O -and O -total O -phosphate B-Chemical -pools O -appear O -to O -be O -unrelated O -to O -its O -repression O -or O -derepression O -. O - -aps B-category -Net O -glycogen O -synthesis O -remains O -the O -same O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -or O -lactate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -grown I-Chemical -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -the O -membrane O -- O -bound O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -from O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -lactate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -grown I-Chemical -cells O -of O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -SB O -15 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -permanent O -cell O -line O -C2M O -of O -mouse O -melanoma O -B16 O -was O -highly O -melanized O -in O -a O -modified O -Eagle O -' O -s O -MEM O -supplemented O -with O -10 O -% O -calf O -serum O -, O -when O -the O -medium O -contained O -1 O -mM O -galactose B-Chemical -and O -10 O -mM O -pyruvate B-Chemical -instead O -of O -5 O -. O -5 O -mM O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -high O -level O -of O -tyrosinase O -activity O -was O -maintained O -in O -the O -stationary O -phase O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -activity O -of O -cells O -in O -normal O -medium O -, O -which O -decreased O -sharply O -in O -the O -stationary O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -Thin O -- O -layer O -electrophoretic O -separation O -of O -the O -degradation O -products O -of O -cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Gradient O -elution O -is O -carried O -out O -using O -a O -stationary O -phase O -consisting O -of O -porous O -10 O -- O -micron O -silica O -beads O -bonded O -to O -alkylnitrile O -( O -Micropak O -CN O -) O -, O -and O -a O -mixture O -of O -hexane B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylenechloride I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methanol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -with O -varying O -methanol O -percentage O -as O -mobile O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -Detection O -is O -by O -UV O -absorption O -at O -254 O -nm O -, O -and O -detectability O -is O -between O -2 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -9 O -) O -moles O -for O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminophenol I-Chemical -and O -4 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -11 O -) O -moles O -for O -salophene O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -affinity O -column O -for O -alpha O -- O -L O -- O -fucosidases O -was O -constructed O -by O -linking O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenyl I-Chemical -1 O -- O -thio O -- O -alpha O -- O -L O -- O -fucopyranoside O -to O -Sepharose O -4B O -through O -linkers O -of O -succinyl O -3 O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -diamino O -- O -dipropylamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -in O -body O -fluids O -by O -means O -of O -high O -- O -performance O -liquid O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -muBondapak O -NH2 O -, O -all O -the O -vitamins O -except O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -were O -eluted O -and O -six O -vitamins O -could O -be O -resolved O -from O -a O -mixture O -in O -a O -single O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Rabbit O -cortical O -collecting O -tubules O -were O -perfused O -in O -vitro O -to O -investigate O -the O -control O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -individual O -tubules O -, O -studied O -in O -vitro O -, O -either O -absorbed O -or O -secreted O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -and O -, O -combining O -the O -results O -, O -there O -was O -on O -the O -average O -no O -significant O -net O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -when O -the O -rabbits O -were O -treated O -with O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -, O -their O -urine O -was O -significantly O -more O -alkaline O -, O -and O -their O -tubules O -studied O -in O -vitro O -generally O -secreted O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -net O -bath O -- O -to O -- O -lumen O -transport O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -demonstrate O -a O -previously O -unrecognized O -mechanism O -which O -contributes O -to O -the O -control O -of O -urinary O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -HC O -as O -compared O -to O -normocapnia O -( O -NC O -) O -was O -associated O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -U O -( O -P O -) O -V O -in O -intact O -( O -62 O -. O -5 O -vs O -. O -7 O -. O -93 O -mug O -/ O -min O -) O -and O -TPTX O -( O -30 O -. O -5 O -vs O -. O -0 O -. O -59 O -mug O -/ O -min O -) O -rats O -, O -an O -increase O -in O -filtered O -load O -of O -phosphorus B-Chemical -in O -intact O -( O -218 O -vs O -. O -191 O -mug O -/ O -min O -) O -and O -TPTX O -( O -243 O -vs O -. O -146 O -mug O -/ O -min O -) O -rats O -, O -an O -increase O -in O -blood O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -intact O -( O -27 O -. O -8 O -vs O -. O -26 O -. O -0 O -meq O -/ O -liter O -) O -and O -TPTX O -( O -24 O -. O -5 O -vs O -. O -22 O -. O -3 O -meq O -/ O -liter O -) O -animals O -, O -and O -a O -decrease O -in O -blood O -pH O -in O -intact O -( O -7 O -. O -15 O -vs O -. O -7 O -. O -42 O -) O -and O -TPTX O -( O -7 O -. O -07 O -vs O -. O -7 O -. O -39 O -) O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Intact O -NC O -animals O -infused O -with O -NaHCO O -( O -3 O -) O -achieved O -a O -blood O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -of O -45 O -. O -9 O -meq O -/ O -liter O -compared O -to O -26 O -. O -0 O -meq O -/ O -liter O -in O -intact O -NC O -NaCl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -infused I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -intact O -HC O -animals O -infused O -with O -NaHCO O -( O -3 O -) O -, O -blood O -pH O -was O -7 O -. O -36 O -compared O -to O -7 O -. O -42 O -in O -NC O -intact O -NaCl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -infused I-Chemical -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -experiments O -demonstrate O -that O -elevated O -blood O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -per O -se O -increases O -U O -( O -P O -) O -V O -. O -Increases O -in O -filtered O -load O -of O -phosphorus B-Chemical -and O -blood O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -which O -are O -associated O -with O -HC O -contribute O -to O -the O -phosphaturia O -as O -does O -parathyroid O -hormone O -. O - -aps B-category -Fibrinogen O -and O -the O -cold O -- O -insoluble O -globulin O -of O -plasma O -( O -CIg O -) O -are O -the O -main O -protein O -components O -of O -the O -heparin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -precipitable I-Chemical -fraction O -of O -normal O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -Heparin B-Chemical -formed O -a O -cold O -- O -precipitable O -complex O -with O -purified O -CIg O -or O -with O -mixtures O -of O -CIg O -and O -fibrinogen O -but O -not O -with O -purified O -fibrinogen O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Fibrinogen O -reduced O -the O -threshold O -for O -heparin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -CIg O -cryoprecipitation O -and O -, O -by O -coprecipitating O -with O -heparin B-Chemical -and O -CIg O -, O -increased O -the O -amount O -of O -precipitate O -that O -formed O -. O - -aps B-category -Normal O -plasma O -depleted O -of O -CIg O -by O -immunoabsorption O -failed O -to O -form O -a O -heparin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -cryoprecipitate O -. O - -aps B-category -Fibrinogen O -, O -as O -assessed O -by O -chromatographic O -experiments O -with O -heparin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Sepharose I-Chemical -columns O -, O -had O -a O -considerably O -lower O -binding O -affinity O -for O -heparin B-Chemical -than O -did O -CIg O -, O -suggesting O -that O -it O -participates O -in O -precipitate O -formation O -mainly O -, O -if O -not O -entirely O -, O -by O -virtue O -of O -its O -affinity O -for O -CIg O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -carbohydrate O -, O -base O -- O -line O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -( O -Vo O -( O -2 O -) O -) O -increased O -from O -237 O -+ O -/ O -- O -11 O -. O -3 O -ml O -/ O -min O -( O -SEM O -) O -to O -302 O -+ O -/ O -- O -19 O -. O -4 O -( O -P O -& O -lt O -; O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -and O -303 O -+ O -/ O -- O -18 O -. O -5 O -( O -P O -& O -lt O -; O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -at O -2 O -h O -and O -3 O -h O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Velocity O -sedimentation O -analysis O -showed O -that O -the O -peak O -of O -colony O -- O -forming O -cells O -which O -respond O -to O -thyroid O -hormone O -and O -the O -adrenergic O -agonist O -, O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -sedimented O -at O -an O -identical O -rate O -( O -7 O -. O -54 O -mm O -/ O -h O -) O -, O -which O -is O -slower O -than O -the O -major O -peak O -of O -colony O -- O -forming O -cells O -responding O -to O -erythropoietin O -alone O -( O -8 O -. O -62 O -mm O -/ O -h O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -compare O -the O -renal O -electrolyte O -excretion O -pattern O -of O -bumetanide B-Chemical -with O -that O -of O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -in O -dogs O -anesthetized O -with O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -bumetanide B-Chemical -, O -urine O -pH O -fell O -from O -6 O -. O -1 O -to O -5 O -. O -1 O -and O -net O -hydrogenion O -excretion O -increased O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -excretion O -rose O -to O -106 O -+ O -/ O -- O -22 O -muEq O -/ O -min O -with O -bumetanide B-Chemical -and O -to O -99 O -+ O -/ O -- O -17 O -muEq O -/ O -min O -with O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -bumetanide B-Chemical -produces O -a O -higher O -urinary O -Na O -+ O -: O -K O -+ O -ratio O -with O -a O -lower O -pH O -than O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -and O -that O -renal O -potassium B-Chemical -ion O -excretion O -in O -response O -to O -sulfamoyl O -diuretics O -is O -not O -solely O -dependent O -on O -the O -rate O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -relative O -potency O -assay O -comparing O -single O -graded O -intramuscular O -doses O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -standard O -and O -morphine B-Chemical -test O -in O -postoperative O -patients O -, O -we O -have O -managed O -to O -circumvent O -this O -difficulty O -while O -preserving O -many O -of O -the O -advantages O -of O -a O -complete O -crossover O -by O -using O -the O -" O -twin O -- O -crossover O -" O -balanced O -incomplete O -block O -design O -, O -which O -requires O -that O -each O -subject O -receive O -only O -two O -of O -the O -four O -possible O -treatments O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -the O -twin O -crossover O -, O -balanced O -incomplete O -block O -design O -described O -in O -the O -previous O -paper O -, O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -determination O -of O -the O -relative O -analgesic O -potency O -of O -graded O -intramuscular O -doses O -of O -Win O -20 O -, O -836 O -( O -8 O -- O -methoxycyclazocine O -) O -and O -morphine B-Chemical -was O -carried O -out O -in O -patients O -with O -postoperative O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -our O -relative O -potency O -estimate O -, O -which O -indicated O -that O -Win O -20 O -, O -836 O -is O -three O -to O -six O -times O -as O -potent O -as O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -was O -dependable O -enough O -to O -predict O -with O -reasonable O -certainty O -that O -doses O -of O -Win O -20 O -, O -836 O -equieffective O -to O -the O -usual O -doses O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -would O -produce O -an O -unacceptable O -level O -of O -psychotomimetic O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -healthy O -male O -volunteers O -received O -5 O -mg O -lorazepam B-Chemical -as O -a O -single O -intravenous O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -pharmacokinetic O -parameters O -for O -lorazepam B-Chemical -were O -: O -apparent O -elimination O -half O -- O -life O -, O -13 O -. O -2 O -hours O -; O -volume O -of O -distribution O -, O -0 O -. O -84 O -liter O -/ O -kg O -; O -total O -clearance O -, O -55 O -. O -3 O -ml O -/ O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mean O -of O -69 O -per O -cent O -of O -the O -dose O -was O -recovered O -in O -urine O -as O -lorazepam B-Chemical -glucuronide O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifteen O -healthy O -male O -volunteers O -received O -long O -- O -term O -daily O -treatment O -with O -oral O -lorazepam B-Chemical -at O -doses O -as O -high O -as O -10 O -mg O -per O -day O -for O -a O -period O -of O -26 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -daily O -doses O -of O -6 O -mg O -per O -day O -, O -the O -mean O -steady O -- O -state O -lorazepam B-Chemical -level O -was O -88 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -and O -that O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -glucuronide O -was O -170 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -steady O -- O -state O -lorazepam B-Chemical -levels O -were O -highly O -correlated O -with O -daily O -dose O -in O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -but O -were O -not O -related O -to O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -study O -, O -an O -attempt O -was O -made O -to O -evaluate O -butaclamol O -in O -chronic O -schizophrenic O -patients O -using O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -( O -CPZ O -) O -as O -the O -standard O -comparative O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -showed O -that O -transmitter O -blocking O -agents O -reproduced O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -local O -anesthetic O -only O -in O -the O -region O -ventral O -to O -the O -anterior O -septum O -and O -that O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -( O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -tolazoline O -) O -, O -but O -not O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -( O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -hydralazine B-Chemical -) O -, O -cholinergic O -( O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -hyocine O -) O -, O -or O -dopaminergic O -( O -haloperidol B-Chemical -) O -blocking O -agents O -were O -effective O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbuterol O -4 O -mg O -produced O -significant O -increases O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -insulin O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -and O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -in O -pulse O -rate O -and O -arterial O -pulse O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -occurrence O -of O -13 O -, O -14 O -- O -dihydro O -and O -13 O -, O -14 O -- O -cis O -- O -unsaturated O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -in O -the O -coral O -, O -Plexaura O -homomalla O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnetic O -resonance O -studies O -of O -copper B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -interaction O -with O -nucleosides B-Chemical -and O -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -Dispersing O -solutions O -containing O -lithium B-Chemical -diiodosalicylate O -separated O -cells O -, O -presumably O -by O -extracting O -glycoproteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Solutions O -containing O -ethylenediaminetetraacetate O -, O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -tetramethylurea O -, O -mixed O -sugars O -, O -mixed O -amines B-Chemical -and O -inorganic O -ions O -are O -suggested O -as O -mildly O -- O -acting O -dispersal O -solutions O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -evaluationtions O -by O -phase O -contrast B-Chemical -microscopy O -, O -Papanicolaou O -staining O -and O -particle O -volume O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -fixed O -platelets O -adsorbed O -PAF O -even O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -1M O -salt B-Chemical -or O -after O -treatment O -with O -Evans O -blue O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -parameters O -regained O -normal O -values O -after O -a O -few O -hours O -but O -plasma O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -and O -chloride B-Chemical -levels O -took O -much O -longer O -to O -regain O -control O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -blood O -of O -D O -. O -mawsoni O -shows O -a O -low O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -( O -P50 O -approximately O -equal O -to O -14 O -- O -5 O -mmHg O -at O -pH O -8 O -- O -16 O -and O -- O -1 O -- O -9 O -degrees O -C O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Complete O -reversal O -of O -the O -suppression O -was O -accomplished O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -arginine O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -the O -medium O -and O -the O -nonadherent O -cells O -after O -their O -separation O -from O -the O -adherent O -macrophages O -. O - -aps B-category -Ion O -substitution O -studies O -suggest O -that O -some O -of O -the O -steady O -inward O -current O -is O -carried O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -are O -much O -less O -localized O -, O -tend O -to O -have O -higher O -peak O -densities O -, O -and O -occur O -in O -physiological O -salt B-Chemical -solutions O -at O -about O -0 O -. O -2 O -- O -4 O -times O -per O -minute O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -general O -features O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -transport O -at O -0 O -degrees O -C O -and O -38 O -degrees O -C O -are O -similar O -, O -the O -following O -differences O -were O -found O -: O -( O -a O -) O -the O -maximum O -pH O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -self O -- O -exchange O -flux O -was O -lowered O -0 O -. O -6 O -pH O -unit O -from O -7 O -. O -8 O -to O -7 O -. O -2 O -when O -temperature O -was O -increased O -from O -0 O -degrees O -C O -to O -38 O -degrees O -C O -; O -( O -b O -) O -the O -apparent O -half O -- O -saturation O -constant O -increased O -from O -28 O -mM O -at O -0 O -degrees O -C O -to O -65 O -mM O -at O -38 O -degrees O -C O -; O -( O -c O -) O -chloride B-Chemical -transport O -at O -body O -temperature O -is O -slower O -than O -predicted O -by O -other O -investigators O -by O -extrapolation O -from O -low O -- O -temperature O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -Red O -blood O -cells O -from O -neonatal O -calves O -, O -but O -not O -from O -adult O -cows O -, O -rapidly O -hemolyze O -in O -buffered O -300 O -mM O -solutions O -of O -a O -variety O -of O -nonelectrolytes O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -As O -in O -other O -mammalian O -red O -cells O -, O -both O -calf O -and O -cow O -cells O -are O -found O -to O -be O -impermeable O -to O -sucrose B-Chemical -and O -, O -in O -an O -isosmolar O -sucrose B-Chemical -solution O -, O -to O -undergo O -volume O -shrinkage O -caused O -by O -the O -net O -loss O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -ions O -with O -concomitant O -increase O -in O -intracellular O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -4 O -- O -acetamido O -- O -4 O -' O -- O -isothiocyano O -- O -2 O -, O -2 O -' O -- O -stilbene O -disulfonic O -acid O -, O -a O -potent O -anion O -transport O -inhibitor O -, O -completely O -protected O -calf O -cells O -from O -hemolysis O -and O -caused O -a O -nearly O -total O -inhibition O -of O -both O -chloride B-Chemical -loss O -and O -intracellular O -alkalinization O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -three O -solutes O -, O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -glycerol O -and O -a O -glucose B-Chemical -/ O -fructose O -mixture O -, O -was O -studied O -at O -pH O -4 O -- O -0 O -and O -pH O -6 O -- O -5 O -using O -a O -plate O -- O -slide O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -showed O -that O -a O -universal O -isolation O -medium O -for O -xerophilic O -fungi O -could O -be O -based O -on O -glycerol O -or O -glucose B-Chemical -/ O -fructose O -but O -not O -on O -NaCl B-Chemical -as O -aw O -- O -limiting O -solute O -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -brain O -stem O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -: O -mechanism O -of O -activation O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -de O -novo O -synthesis O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -rat O -superior O -cervical O -ganglia O -in O -vitro O -: O -the O -effect O -of O -nerve O -growth O -factor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -from O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -, O -acetyl O -- O -dephospho O -- O -CoA O -and O -acetylpantetheine O -phosphate B-Chemical -by O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -objective O -of O -this O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -the O -effect O -of O -threonine O -supplementation O -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -rats O -fed O -a O -low O -protein O -diet O -with O -excess O -tyrosine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increased O -blood O -tyrosine B-Chemical -level O -in O -rats O -fed O -excess O -tyrosine B-Chemical -was O -also O -lowered O -by O -threonine O -supplementation O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -addition O -of O -L O -- O -threonine O -in O -the O -diet O -, O -not O -only O -could O -cure O -the O -signs O -developed O -due O -to O -excess O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -but O -also O -could O -affect O -the O -levels O -of O -enzymes O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -pneumococcal O -meningitis O -in O -an O -immunocompromised O -infant O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -the O -present O -investigation O -was O -to O -examine O -the O -fetal O -and O -maternal O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -insulin O -response O -following O -glucose B-Chemical -infusion O -to O -the O -mother O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -immuno O -- O -reactive O -insulin O -( O -IRI O -) O -, O -pH O -and O -base O -excess O -of O -the O -maternal O -and O -fetal O -blood O -were O -measured O -before O -and O -during O -maternal O -glucose B-Chemical -load O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maternal O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -after O -60 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -of O -maternal O -and O -fetal O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -an O -elevation O -of O -immuno O -- O -reactive O -insulin O -( O -IRI O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -glucose B-Chemical -load O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -glucose B-Chemical -infusion O -to O -the O -mother O -of O -both O -, O -fetal O -and O -maternal O -, O -acid O -base O -parameters O -remained O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -might O -be O -related O -to O -a O -chronic O -stimulation O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -of O -the O -fetal O -pancreatic O -islet O -cells O -in O -poorly O -controlled O -diabetic O -and O -possibly O -prediabetic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tensile O -strengths O -and O -disintegration O -times O -of O -paracetamol B-Chemical -and O -oxytetracycline O -tablets O -at O -room O -temperature O -are O -higher O -when O -they O -have O -been O -prepared O -at O -high O -temperatures O -, O -e O -. O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -permeation O -across O -cellulose O -acetate O -of O -three O -oestrogens B-Chemical -, O -differing O -only O -in O -the O -number O -of O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -groups O -attached O -to O -the O -nucleus O -, O -and O -a O -' O -standard O -' O -steroid B-Chemical -, O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -, O -was O -investigated O -using O -the O -lag O -- O -time O -method O -for O -calculating O -diffusion O -parameters O -, O -between O -10 O -and O -40 O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -Ep O -values O -ranged O -from O -4 O -- O -84 O -k O -cal O -mol O -- O -1 O -( O -20 O -kJ O -mol O -- O -1 O -) O -for O -the O -least O -polar O -steroid B-Chemical -( O -oestrone O -) O -to O -6 O -- O -91 O -k O -cal O -mol O -- O -1 O -( O -29 O -kJ O -mol O -- O -1 O -) O -for O -the O -most O -polar O -steroid B-Chemical -( O -oestriol O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -release O -of O -plasticizer O -from O -polyvinyl O -chloride B-Chemical -haemodialysis O -tubing O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -inhibitions O -, O -except O -that O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -were O -completely O -reversible O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oximes O -of O -2 O -- O -phenethylamine O -( O -IIe O -) O -and O -norfenfluramine O -( O -IIg O -) O -were O -also O -metabolized O -to O -the O -corresponding O -nitro O -compounds O -, O -ketones O -and O -alcohols O -with O -rabbit O -9000 O -g O -liver O -supernatants O -; O -however O -, O -no O -nitro O -compound O -( O -IIIb O -) O -was O -detected O -after O -the O -incubation O -of O -' O -mexiletine B-Chemical -oxime O -' O -( O -IVa O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -was O -made O -of O -the O -actions O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -of O -some O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -tetrahydronaphthalenes O -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -homogenates O -of O -rat O -striatum O -and O -nucleus O -accumbens O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -diethylcarbamazine B-Chemical -citrate B-Chemical -on O -smooth O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -contractions O -were O -antagonized O -by O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -and O -atropine B-Chemical -but O -they O -were O -not O -affected O -by O -mepyramine O -or O -methysergide B-Chemical -in O -concentrations O -that O -abolished O -, O -or O -markedly O -reduced O -, O -responses O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -DECC O -relaxed O -the O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contractions O -of O -the O -pig O -coronary O -artery O -strips O -; O -these O -relaxations O -were O -not O -modified O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -or O -calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Potentiation O -by O -reserpine B-Chemical -of O -the O -inhibition O -by O -amphetamine B-Chemical -of O -( O -3H O -) O -dopamine B-Chemical -accumulation O -in O -the O -rat O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -Benzodiazepine O -activity O -: O -is O -interaction O -with O -the O -glycine B-Chemical -receptor O -, O -as O -evidenced O -by O -displacement O -of O -strychnine B-Chemical -binding O -, O -a O -useful O -criterion O -? O - -aps B-category -Enterohepatic O -circulation O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -sulisatin O -and O -its O -effects O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -absorption O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -find O -if O -theoretically O -and O -experimentally O -a O -relation O -existed O -between O -the O -dissolution O -rate O -theory O -of O -Kitazawa O -, O -Johno O -& O -amp O -; O -others O -( O -1975 O -) O -and O -that O -of O -Wagner O -( O -1969 O -) O -, O -a O -study O -was O -undertaken O -with O -uncoated O -caffeine B-Chemical -, O -aspirin B-Chemical -and O -proxyphylline O -tablets O -using O -two O -dissolution O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -, O -rapid O -and O -sensitive O -method O -is O -described O -for O -the O -analysis O -of O -unchanged O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -drugs O -and O -their O -metabolites O -, O -in O -human O -and O -animal O -tissues O -, O -using O -the O -proteolytic O -enzyme O -subtilisin O -Carlsberg O -followed O -by O -reverse O -- O -phase O -liquid O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Amphetamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -stimulants O -were O -divided O -into O -two O -groups O -, O -one O -in O -which O -the O -stereotyped O -behaviour O -was O -not O -antagonized O -by O -reserpine B-Chemical -[ O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -, O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -, O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -, O -phenmetrazine O -and O -phenethylamine O -] O -and O -another O -group O -in O -which O -the O -behavioural O -effects O -were O -blocked O -by O -reserpine B-Chemical -( O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -, O -nomifensine B-Chemical -, O -pipradrol O -and O -amfonelic O -acid O -( O -NCA O -; O -Win O -25978 O -) O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reserpine B-Chemical -antagonism O -of O -the O -' O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -group O -' O -- O -induced O -stereotyped O -behaviour O -was O -partially O -reversed O -by O -type O -A O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanisms O -by O -which O -the O -two O -groups O -are O -differentiated O -biochemically O -is O -discussed O -with O -special O -attention O -to O -possible O -intra O -- O -neuronal O -inhibition O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -oxidation O -by O -the O -' O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -group O -' O -. O - -aps B-category -Cessation O -of O -chronic O -ethanol B-Chemical -administration O -, O -and O -elimination O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -from O -the O -body O -, O -results O -in O -a O -withdrawal O -syndrome O -in O -mice O -characterized O -by O -behavioural O -symptoms O -and O -hypothermia O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -rate O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -accumulation O -was O -determined O -using O -pargyline O -, O -no O -differences O -occurred O -between O -control O -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -changes O -in O -accumulation O -of O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -in O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -withdrawn I-Chemical -animals O -reflected O -alterations O -in O -electrical O -activity O -of O -serotoninergic O -neurons O -during O -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -Identification O -of O -di O -- O -and O -tri O -- O -substituted O -hydroxy O -and O -ketone B-Chemical -metabolites O -of O -delta1 O -- O -tetrahydrocannabinol O -in O -mouse O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Anticonvulsant O -interaction O -of O -cannabidiol O -and O -ethosuximide B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Hallucinogen O -binding O -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -/ O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Lead O -- O -inhibited O -adenylate O -cyclase O -: O -a O -model O -for O -the O -evaluation O -of O -chelating O -agents O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -cns O -lead B-Chemical -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degradation O -rate O -of O -carmustine B-Chemical -was O -investigated O -in O -buffered O -aqueous O -media O -at O -several O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -General O -acid O -and O -specific O -base O -catalysis O -was O -demonstrated O -for O -the O -degradation O -of O -carmustine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Spectrophotometric O -determination O -of O -cephapirin O -, O -a O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -antibacterial O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -- O -pressure O -liquid O -chromatographic O -analysis O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -in O -blood O -and O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -is O -extracted O -from O -biological O -fluids O -with O -1 O -- O -octanol O -and O -back O -- O -extracted O -into O -dilute O -acid O -and O -then O -into O -a O -small O -volume O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -by O -saturation O -with O -potassium B-Chemical -carbonate O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -levels O -and O -urinary O -excretion O -data O -obtained O -with O -the O -analytical O -procedure O -are O -given O -for O -a O -group O -of O -human O -subjects O -who O -received O -200 O -- O -mg O -oral O -doses O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -constants O -indicate O -that O -anhydrotetracycline O -epimerization O -is O -faster O -than O -tetracycline B-Chemical -epimerization O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -epimerization O -was O -catalyzed O -by O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -equilibrium O -constants O -for O -both O -anhydrotetracycline O -and O -tetracycline B-Chemical -favored O -the O -natural O -configuration O -rather O -than O -the O -epi O -series O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluorometric O -determination O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -in O -human O -serum O -and O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -back O -- O -extraction O -into O -0 O -. O -1 O -N O -HCl O -, O -the O -drug O -is O -oxidized O -with O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -; O -the O -resulting O -aldehyde B-Chemical -is O -coupled O -with O -o O -- O -phenylenediamine O -to O -produce O -a O -fluorescent O -compound O -. O - -aps B-category -Participation O -of O -an O -endogenous O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -- O -blinding O -protein O -activator O -in O -the O -development O -of O -drug O -- O -induced O -supersensitivity O -of O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -in O -vivo O -assay O -for O -the O -analysis O -of O -the O -biological O -potency O -and O -structure O -- O -activity O -relationships O -of O -narcotics O -: O -serum O -testosterone B-Chemical -depletion O -in O -the O -male O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Direct O -and O -beta O -adrenergic O -blocking O -actions O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -( O -SQ O -11725 O -) O -on O -electrophysiologic O -properties O -of O -isolated O -canine O -myocardium O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -alterations O -in O -Purkinje O -fiber O -potentials O -occurred O -only O -with O -nadolol B-Chemical -concentrations O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -or O -greater O -. O - -aps B-category -Nadolol O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -had O -little O -action O -on O -automaticity O -in O -normal O -, O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -or O -stretched O -Purkinje O -fibers O -but O -markedly O -decreased O -catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -enhanced I-Chemical -automaticity O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -that O -direct O -membrane O -depressant O -effects O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -do O -not O -contribute O -to O -its O -antiarrhythmic O -activity O -and O -that O -its O -beta O -adrenergic O -blocking O -ability O -is O -beneficial O -in O -catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -related I-Chemical -cardiac O -ectopia O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -comparison O -of O -the O -enantiomers O -( O -- O -) O -- O -6b O -and O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -6b O -showed O -that O -the O -ability O -to O -antagonize O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -stereotyped O -behavior O -is O -confined O -to O -the O -levorotatory O -isomer O -( O -- O -) O -- O -6b O -while O -weak O -central O -anticholinergic O -activity O -resides O -solely O -in O -the O -dextrorotatory O -isomer O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -6b O -. O - -aps B-category -Salbutamol B-Chemical -, O -an O -adrenergic O -receptor O -agonist O -with O -selectivity O -for O -tracheobronchial O -vs O -. O -cardiac O -muscle O -, O -differs O -from O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -N O -- O -tert O -- O -butylnorepinephrine O -in O -that O -it O -bears O -a O -hydroxymethyl O -, O -rather O -than O -a O -phenolic O -, O -group O -in O -the O -meta O -position O -. O - -aps B-category -Central O -nervous O -system O -activity O -of O -a O -novel O -class O -of O -annelated O -1 O -, O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepines I-Chemical -, O -aminomethylene O -- O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydro O -- O -1H O -- O -imidazo O -[ O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -a O -] O -[ O -1 O -, O -4 O -] O -benzodiazepin O -- O -1 O -- O -ones O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Acute O -angiitis O -following O -penicillin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -a O -potent O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -has O -been O -introduced O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -various O -conditions O -associated O -with O -acid O -peptic O -digestion O -in O -the O -gastrointestinal O -tract O -. O - -aps B-category -First O -, O -the O -uncharged O -lipid O -- O -soluble O -anesthetic O -base O -pentrates O -the O -membrane O -; O -then O -the O -positively O -charged O -cation O -binds O -to O -anionic O -components O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -channel O -' O -s O -internal O -axoplasmic O -mouth O -. O - -aps B-category -Dissolved O -in O -water O -, O -local O -anesthetic O -salt B-Chemical -crystals O -dissociate O -into O -anesthetic O -cation O -and O -base O -- O -proportional O -to O -the O -drug O -' O -s O -fixed O -pKa O -and O -the O -tissue O -' O -s O -variable O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -endothelial O -integrity O -and O -normal O -graft O -function O -were O -maintained O -over O -study O -intervals O -extending O -to O -200 O -days O -when O -Brown O -Norway O -( O -BN O -) O -rat O -kidneys O -were O -transplanted O -into O -Lewis O -( O -Le O -) O -rat O -kidney O -recipients O -subjected O -to O -neonatal O -thymectomy O -or O -lymph O -drainage O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -deficiency O -acidosis O -in O -the O -dog O -: O -effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -balance O -on O -renal O -response O -to O -a O -chronic O -acid O -load O -. O - -aps B-category -Saralasin O -, O -an O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -inhibitor O -was O -infused O -in O -10 O -hypertensive O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -circulatory O -reflex O -- O -mechanisms O -are O -inhibited O -by O -saralasin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Failure O -of O -the O -hypotensive O -effect O -of O -saralasin B-Chemical -in O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -depleted I-Chemical -patients O -after O -administration O -of O -beta O -- O -blockers O -supports O -this O -hypothesis O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -fall O -in O -pH O -was O -accompanied O -by O -a O -large O -increase O -in O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -however O -, O -the O -cells O -showed O -more O -severe O -glycogen O -depletion O -and O -clumping O -of O -nuclear O -chromatin O -, O -and O -mitochondrial O -change O -, O -which O -did O -include O -marked O -swelling O -, O -together O -with O -the O -presence O -of O -well O -developed O -inclusions O -. O - -aps B-category -Metal O -complexes O -of O -poly O -( O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -conformational O -properties O -of O -cupric O -complexes O -of O -poly O -( O -L O -- O -lysine O -) O -, O -poly O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ornithine I-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -poly O -( O -L O -- O -diaminobutyric O -acid O -) O -have O -been O -investigated O -by O -potentiometric O -, O -visible O -and O -UV O -absorption O -, O -and O -circular O -dichroism O -( O -CD O -) O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -chemistry O -: O -In O -patients O -with O -liver O -cirrhosis O -, O -the O -plasma O -levels O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -, O -phenylalanine O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -phenolic O -acids O -, O -and O -octopamine O -correlated O -with O -the O -stages O -of O -HE O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -, O -branched O -chain O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -below O -the O -normal O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -Interactions O -: O -Anemia O -, O -methanethiol O -, O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -favored O -ammonia B-Chemical -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxydative O -brain O -metabolism O -: O -Disorders O -of O -cerebral O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -were O -mainly O -documented O -in O -cases O -of O -long O -term O -HE O -with O -EEG O -alterations O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanisms O -and O -management O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -allergy O -. O - -aps B-category -Simple O -assay O -for O -the O -condensation O -component O -enzyme O -( O -beta O -- O -ketoacyl O -synthetase O -) O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -- O -Ketoacyl O -synthetase O -activity O -was O -made O -independent O -of O -subsequent O -enzyme O -activities O -of O -the O -complex O -by O -excluding O -NADPH B-Chemical -from O -the O -assay O -, O -thus O -blocking O -beta O -- O -ketoacyl O -reductase O -and O -preventing O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -and O -derivatives O -were O -tested O -after O -it O -was O -discovered O -that O -NADH O -stimulated O -beta O -- O -ketoacyl O -synthetase O -activity O -to O -a O -greater O -extent O -than O -could O -be O -accounted O -for O -by O -its O -reactivity O -in O -providing O -a O -pathway O -from O -acetoacetyl O -- O -enzyme O -to O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -at O -concentrations O -equivalent O -to O -or O -greater O -than O -12 O -g O -/ O -100 O -ml O -inhibited O -growth O -and O -aflatoxin O -production O -, O -while O -at O -8 O -g O -or O -less O -/ O -100 O -ml O -, O -growth O -and O -aflatoxin O -production O -were O -stimulated O -. O - -aps B-category -Malonic O -acid O -at O -10 O -, O -20 O -, O -40 O -, O -and O -50 O -mM O -reduced O -growth O -and O -aflatoxin O -production O -( O -over O -50 O -% O -) O -while O -sodium B-Chemical -malonate O -at O -similar O -concentrations O -but O -different O -pH O -values O -had O -the O -opposite O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Examination O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -initial O -pH O -indicated O -that O -the O -extent O -of O -inhibitory O -action O -of O -malonic O -acid O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -acetate O -was O -a O -function O -of O -initial O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Characteristics O -of O -the O -thermophilic O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bacterium O -Hydrogenomonas O -thermophilus O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -repression O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -is O -partly O -eliminated O -by O -Cyk O -3 O -' O -- O -5 O -' O -- O -AMP O -, O -theophylline B-Chemical -, O -and O -coffeine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -improved O -" O -attention O -" O -exhibited O -by O -hyperactive O -children O -treated O -with O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -compounds O -is O -postulated O -to O -be O -related O -to O -a O -normal O -action O -of O -these O -drugs O -in O -producing O -stereotyped O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -firA O -gene O -, O -a O -locus O -involved O -in O -the O -expression O -of O -rifampicin B-Chemical -resistance O -in O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -was O -shifted O -towards O -the O -alkaline O -range O -, O -and O -the O -thermal O -optimum O -was O -found O -between O -17 O -and O -27 O -degrees O -Cinstead O -of O -between O -37 O -und O -47 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -abnormal O -enzymes O -were O -much O -less O -stable O -than O -normal O -pyruvate B-Chemical -Kinase O -( O -PK O -) O -, O -and O -more O -susceptible O -to O -inhibition O -by O -adenosinetriphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -close O -relation O -between O -the O -degree O -of O -reticulocytosis O -and O -the O -impairment O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -heterozygotes O -, O -small O -increases O -of O -the O -concentration O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -and O -3 O -- O -phosphoglycerate O -were O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -thyrostatics O -lead B-Chemical -to O -densifications O -and O -adhesions O -of O -the O -thyroid O -gland O -capsule O -to O -the O -surrounding O -tissue O -, O -so O -that O -the O -preparation O -becomes O -complicated O -. O - -aps B-category -venous O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -12 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -meq O -per O -liter O -, O -the O -mean O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -content O -17 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -1 O -mmol O -per O -liter O -, O -and O -the O -mean O -arterial O -pH O -7 O -. O -14 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -06 O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -change O -in O -the O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -despite O -the O -development O -of O -a O -severe O -systemic O -acidemia O -and O -the O -subsequent O -return O -to O -normal O -of O -the O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Synaptic O -responses O -mediated O -by O -identified O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -neurones O -. O - -aps B-category -Subcellular O -localisation O -of O -leucine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -enkephalin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydrolysing I-Chemical -activity O -in O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Pituitary O -responsiveness O -to O -LH O -- O -RH O -in O -intact O -and O -ovariectomized O -androgen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sterilized I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -a O -dose O -of O -20 O -ng O -LH O -- O -RH O -/ O -100 O -g O -b O -. O -w O -. O -, O -serum O -LH O -levels O -in O -intact O -rats O -increased O -over O -pre O -- O -injection O -levels O -, O -and O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -100 O -ng O -LH O -- O -RH O -/ O -100 O -g O -b O -. O -w O -. O -, O -LH O -concentrations O -15 O -min O -after O -injection O -were O -higher O -in O -nembutal O -- O -blocked O -proestrous O -rats O -than O -in O -androgen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sterilized I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -after O -treatment O -with O -5alpha O -- O -dihydrotestosterone O -propionate O -( O -5alpha O -- O -DHTP O -) O -, O -pituitary O -responsiveness O -to O -LH O -- O -RH O -in O -androgen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sterilized I-Chemical -rats O -was O -lower O -than O -in O -control O -rats O -, O -which O -suggests O -that O -the O -subnormal O -response O -in O -the O -estrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -was O -not O -due O -to O -a O -relative O -insensitivity O -to O -estrogen B-Chemical -in O -the O -androgen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sterilized I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subnormal O -pituitary O -responsiveness O -to O -LH O -- O -RH O -after O -ovariectomy O -and O -estradiol B-Chemical -treatment O -suggests O -, O -in O -addition O -to O -an O -effect O -on O -the O -hypothalamus O -, O -also O -a O -direct O -effect O -of O -neonatal O -androgen B-Chemical -administration O -on O -the O -pituitary O -. O - -aps B-category -Adsorption O -of O -nucleoside B-Chemical -phosphates O -on O -the O -surfaces O -of O -volcanic O -rocks O -has O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -knowledge O -of O -the O -biochemical O -and O -pathophysiologic O -alterations O -in O -asthma O -should O -lead B-Chemical -to O -rational O -and O -specific O -therapy O -that O -preserves O -normal O -function O -and O -decreases O -the O -long O -- O -term O -morbidity O -and O -mortality O -of O -the O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Native O -PM O -- O -2 O -DNA O -II O -, O -for O -example O -, O -is O -buoyant O -at O -3 O -. O -29 O -M O -salt B-Chemical -, O -25 O -degrees O -C O -; O -whereas O -the O -denatured O -strands O -band O -together O -at O -4 O -. O -52 O -M O -. O -Two O -properties O -of O -the O -solvent O -make O -this O -system O -uniquely O -useful O -for O -separations O -based O -upon O -the O -extent O -of O -secondary O -structure O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Enzyme O -immobilization O -on O -hydrated O -oxides O -of O -transition O -metals O -and O -aluminum B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Escherichia O -coli O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -glycogen O -phosphorylase O -are O -prototypes O -for O -models O -of O -" O -closed O -" O -and O -" O -opened O -" O -bicyclic O -cascade O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -stop O -swimming O -when O -deprived O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Valinomycin O -- O -induced O -twiddling O -occurs O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -external O -alkali B-Chemical -or O -alkaline O -earth O -cations O -and O -without O -significant O -net O -synthesis O -of O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -when O -starved O -cells O -are O -suspended O -in O -a O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -medium O -containing O -both O -valinomycin O -and O -an O -attractant O -, O -many O -cells O -initially O -run O -rather O -than O -twiddle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -synaptic O -stimulation O -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -[ O -tyrosine B-Chemical -3 O -- O -monooxygenase O -: O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -, O -tetrahydropteridine O -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -( O -3 O -- O -hydroxylating O -) O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -14 O -. O -16 O -. O -2 O -] O -activity O -in O -the O -rat O -superior O -cervical O -ganglion O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparable O -increases O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -were O -observed O -in O -anesthetized O -and O -conscious O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -requirement O -for O -the O -alpha O -- O -action O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -on O -guinea O -- O -pig O -taenia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -effects O -in O -single O -atrial O -trabeculae O -of O -the O -frog O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -Delayed O -development O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -block O -during O -sustained O -administration O -of O -thioridazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Irreversible O -blockade O -of O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -response O -in O -depolarized O -smooth O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -on O -the O -isoenzymes O -of O -rat O -brain O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Steady O -- O -state O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -maintenance O -patients O -: O -renal O -clearance O -in O -low O -vs O -high O -dosages O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amnesic O -effects O -of O -FLA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -63 I-Chemical -, O -a O -potent O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -( O -DBH O -) O -inhibitor O -, O -were O -investigated O -in O -a O -food O -motivated O -spatial O -discrimination O -task O -. O - -aps B-category -Presented O -in O -this O -paper O -are O -the O -effects O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -clozapine B-Chemical -, O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -on O -DRL O -behavior O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Clozapine O -, O -a O -new O -antipsychotic O -agent O -which O -does O -not O -cause O -extrapyramidal O -side O -effect O -in O -man O -affected O -DRL O -behavior O -in O -the O -same O -way O -as O -did O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -MAO O -- O -inhibitors O -, O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -mescaline O -, O -divascan O -, O -aconitine B-Chemical -, O -and O -pyrogenes O -on O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -biosynthesis I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Trends O -in O -the O -association O -between O -sodium B-Chemical -carboxymethylcellulose O -and O -phenothiazine O -derivatives O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Association O -- O -trends O -between O -dextran B-Chemical -and O -phenothiazine O -derivatives O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -action O -in O -grouped O -and O -isolated O -rats O -and O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -analgesic O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -was O -tested O -by O -tail O -compression O -in O -rats O -and O -by O -the O -hot O -plate O -for O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -mice O -, O -particularly O -low O -aggressors O -, O -gave O -enhanced O -responses O -to O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thyrotropin O -- O -releasing O -hormone O -( O -TRH O -) O -, O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -m O -. O -, O -significantly O -counteracted O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -narcosis O -in O -six O -monkeys O -, O -but O -melanocyte O -- O -stimulating O -- O -hormone O -- O -release O -- O -inhibiting O -factor O -( O -MIF O -) O -, O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -m O -. O -, O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -Dose O -- O -response O -and O -time O -- O -effect O -curves O -were O -determined O -for O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -0 O -- O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -levorphanol O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -to O -3 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -methadone B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -3 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -meperidine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -0 O -- O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -oxymorphone O -( O -0 O -. O -03 O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -and O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -3 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -potencies O -of O -the O -five O -narcotic O -analgesics O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -rate O -- O -decreasing O -effects O -for O -selt O -- O -stimulation O -responding O -were O -: O -oxymorphone O -greater O -than O -levorphanol O -greater O -than O -methadone B-Chemical -greater O -than O -morphine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -meperidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -the O -suspension O -of O -continued O -treatment O -with O -flurazepam B-Chemical -and O -amobarbital O -on O -two O -discrimination O -learning O -schedules O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -temporal O -discrimination O -schedule O -, O -though O -it O -is O -not O -possible O -to O -distinguish O -between O -learning O -rates O -, O -modifications O -in O -the O -intensity O -of O -the O -effect O -( O -increases O -in O -lever O -pressing O -) O -indicate O -that O -, O -considering O -the O -doses O -, O -the O -action O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -is O -slight O -and O -that O -of O -amobarbital O -clear O -and O -statistically O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -Antagonism O -of O -the O -facilitation O -, O -produced O -by O -the O -central O -alpha O -- O -agonist O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -of O -flexor O -withdrawal O -reflexes O -in O -the O -reserpinized O -spinal O -rat O -was O -used O -to O -assess O -the O -central O -alpha O -- O -blocking O -potency O -of O -the O -same O -drugs O -, O -and O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -were O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -Pimozide B-Chemical -blocked O -ICSS O -at O -doses O -virtually O -devoid O -of O -central O -alpha O -- O -blocking O -activity O -, O -while O -phenoxybenzamine O -was O -a O -potent O -alpha O -- O -antagonist O -and O -a O -weak O -blocker O -of O -ICSS O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -opiate O -- O -like O -neuropeptides O -, O -such O -as O -beta O -- O -endorphin O -, O -may O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -etiology O -of O -schizophrenic O -symptoms O -, O -naloxone B-Chemical -1 O -, O -2 O -mg O -and O -placebo O -were O -administered O -intravenously O -to O -8 O -schizophrenic O -patients O -, O -using O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -crossover O -design O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -in O -anxiety O -with O -GI O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -experiment O -3 O -, O -weanling O -rats O -were O -given O -, O -for O -12 O -weeks O -, O -a O -commercial O -rat O -diet O -supplemented O -with O -hydrochloric O -or O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -each O -at O -300 O -, O -600 O -and O -900 O -mmol O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -dry O -matter O -. O - -aps B-category -Procaine O -, O -chloroquine B-Chemical -, O -indomethacin B-Chemical -and O -SC19220 O -all O -reduced O -action O -potential O -amplitude O -and O -conduction O -velocity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mononuclear O -cells O -in O -peritoneal O -washings O -from O -normal O -rats O -can O -be O -induced O -to O -produce O -large O -amounts O -of O -slow O -reacting O -substance O -of O -anaphylaxis O -by O -incubation O -with O -10 O -mM O -cysteine B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -ionophore O -A O -- O -23187 O -. O - -aps B-category -Relatively O -high O -concentrations O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -inhibited O -mediator O -production O -; O -this O -inhibition O -could O -be O -partly O -reversed O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -arachidonic O -acid O -or O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -by O -eicosatrienoic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfone O -on O -the O -growth O -of O -Citrobacter O -intermedius O -C3 O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -physiological O -effect O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfone O -and O -its O -suppression O -by O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -- O -affinity O -, O -in O -vitro O -stereospecific O -binding O -of O -3H O -- O -di O -- O -hydromorphine O -or O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -naloxone I-Chemical -to O -brain O -membranes O -shows O -a O -marked O -dependence O -on O -pH O -; O -maximal O -binding O -, O -observed O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -- O -8 O -. O -0 O -, O -is O -abruptly O -and O -reversibly O -reduced O -as O -the O -pH O -is O -lowered O -, O -with O -the O -binding O -half O -- O -maximal O -at O -about O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -four O -anionic O -groups O -commonly O -found O -in O -biological O -membranes O -, O -only O -phosphate B-Chemical -exhibits O -a O -pK O -close O -to O -that O -of O -this O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -shown O -that O -when O -liver O -microsomes O -were O -incubated O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -lipid O -peroxidation O -, O -as O -measured O -by O -the O -formation O -of O -malonic O -dialdehyde O -( O -MDA O -) O -, O -rapidly O -took O -place O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metal O -ions O -Cu O -+ O -+ O -, O -Mn O -+ O -+ O -and O -Co O -+ O -+ O -+ O -, O -but O -not O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -, O -Fe O -+ O -+ O -+ O -, O -K O -+ O -, O -La O -+ O -+ O -+ O -, O -Mg O -+ O -+ O -, O -Na O -+ O -, O -Sr O -+ O -+ O -or O -Zn O -+ O -+ O -catalyzed O -the O -oxidation O -of O -rifampicin B-Chemical -from O -the O -naphthohydroquinone O -to O -the O -naphthoquinone O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -intracellular O -cyclic O -GMP O -and O -cyclic O -AMP O -levels O -in O -mouse O -lung O -fragments O -by O -disodium O -cromoglycate O -, O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonists O -, O -cholinergic O -activators O -, O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -increase O -was O -abolished O -by O -propanolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -recognized O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -GMP O -levels O -were O -increased O -by O -carbachol B-Chemical -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -phosphodiesterase O -inhibitor O -, O -aminophylline B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -by O -DSCG O -, O -or O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -Wistar O -rats O -were O -dosed O -daily O -by O -gavage O -for O -200 O -days O -with O -either O -( O -1 O -) O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -200 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -, O -200 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -aspirin B-Chemical -and O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -, O -200 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -each O -; O -( O -4 O -) O -aspirin B-Chemical -and O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -, O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -each O -or O -( O -5 O -) O -vehicle O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -there O -is O -no O -evidence O -of O -a O -toxic O -interaction O -between O -aspirin B-Chemical -and O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Alkaloids O -containing O -a O -catecholamine B-Chemical -moiety O -, O -viz O -. O -, O -tetrahydroisoquinolines O -and O -tetrahydroprotoberberines O -, O -and O -a O -group O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -were O -examined O -for O -their O -effects O -on O -the O -binding O -of O -tritiated O -naloxone B-Chemical -by O -rat O -brain O -homogenate O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -selective O -B2 O -- O -adrenergic O -stimulants O -were O -studied O -for O -their O -effect O -on O -the O -resting O -tone O -and O -on O -reversing O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -ACh O -) O -- O -induced O -bronchoconstriction O -in O -the O -intrapulmonary O -airways O -of O -rats O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -- O -Amino O -- O -3 O -, O -5 O -- O -dichlor O -- O -alpha O -- O -[ O -( O -tert O -- O -butylamino O -) O -- O -methyl1 O -- O -benzylalcohol O -- O -hydrochloride O -( O -NAB O -365 O -) O -caused O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -bronchial O -luminal B-Chemical -diameter O -from O -control O -in O -the O -resting O -state O -at O -concentraions O -above O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -g O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -12 O -normal O -subjets O -we O -studies O -the O -effects O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -stimulation O -( O -Salbutamol B-Chemical -, O -500 O -microgram O -inhaled O -) O -on O -the O -closing O -volume O -( O -CV O -) O -and O -the O -closing O -capacity O -and O -on O -the O -ratios O -of O -these O -indexes O -to O -the O -vital O -capacity O -( O -VC O -) O -and O -the O -total O -lung O -capacity O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Adult O -and O -calf O -cells O -differed O -in O -mean O -cell O -hemoglobin O -, O -adults O -19 O -. O -9 O -pg O -/ O -cell O -vs O -15 O -. O -9 O -in O -the O -calf O -, O -and O -this O -difference O -evidently O -caused O -differences O -in O -Haldane O -effect O -, O -standard O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -and O -buffering O -capacity O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -versus O -CO2 O -on O -depth O -and O -rate O -of O -breathing O -in O -decerebrate O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -statxceeded O -by O -5 O -to O -10 O -times O -the O -delta O -Vt O -/ O -delta O -Ha O -+ O -response O -to O -acid O -or O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -infused O -under O -isocapnic O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Does O -ceramic O -gold B-Chemical -weld O -to O -other O -golds O -? O - -aps B-category -[ O -Study O -of O -a O -new O -hypnotic O -drug O -: O -Ro O -5 O -- O -4200 O -( O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -dental O -enamel O -was O -exposed O -to O -a O -pH O -4 O -buffer O -containing O -150 O -parts O -/ O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -fluoride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -calcium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -redissolved O -while O -it O -kept O -the O -liquid O -saturated O -with O -respect O -to O -this O -salt B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Marked O -hypoxia O -and O -acidosis O -, O -together O -with O -a O -rise O -in O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -creatinine B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -found O -in O -the O -popliteal O -vein O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -anticoagulants O -have O -a O -inhibitory O -action O -against O -only O -the O -Factor B-Chemical -VIII I-Chemical -procoagulant O -fraction O -and O -have O -exclusively O -neutralising O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -low O -levels O -of O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -during O -massive O -transfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Suppression O -by O -delta B-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tetrahydrocannabinol I-Chemical -of O -induction O -of O -hepatic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -oxygenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -conjugation O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -with O -horseradish O -peroxidase O -and O -a O -sensitive O -enzyme O -assay O -for O -the O -conjugate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( O -carboxymethyl O -) O -oxime O -- O -peroxidase O -by O -the O -mixed O -anhydride O -method O -was O -found O -to O -give O -a O -conjugate O -of O -high O -enzymatic O -activity O -and O -with O -three O -molecules O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -per O -molecule O -of O -peroxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -on O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -activity O -in O -rabbit O -muscles O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -substrates O -, O -creatine B-Chemical -and O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -partially O -prevent O -the O -inhibition O -of O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -by O -PEP O -, O -creatine B-Chemical -being O -as O -an O -effector O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -paper O -deals O -with O -the O -mechanism O -of O -some O -model O -reactions O -of O -NAD O -and O -NADP O -which O -proceed O -with O -transfer O -of O -one O -electron O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -atom O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -NAD O -reduction O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -hydrosulphite O -is O -proposed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -carbohydrate O -metabolism O -the O -amount O -of O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -15 O -and O -120 O -min O -after O -the O -action O -beginning O -and O -the O -amount O -of O -malate B-Chemical -in O -the O -myocardium O -and O -brain O -at O -the O -end O -of O -the O -experiment O -increase O -to O -a O -different O -extent O -; O -the O -content O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -rises O -only O -in O -the O -brain O -30 O -and O -120 O -min O -after O -the O -beginning O -of O -cooling O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -prevent O -the O -neutral O -red O -sorption O -and O -intensify O -the O -turquoise O -direct O -sorption O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Physico O -- O -chemical O -principles O -and O -quantitative O -regularities O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -electrophoresis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -fall O -was O -not O -blocked O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -mepyramine O -nor O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduction O -of O -niclosamide O -by O -the O -helminths O -required O -as O -cofactors O -NADH2 O -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -, O -but O -was O -inhibited O -50 O -% O -by O -2 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -allopurinol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolism O -of O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agent O -1 O -( O -4 O -' O -- O -fluorophenyl O -) O -- O -4 O -- O -( O -cyclohexyl O -- O -1 O -' O -- O -piperzinyl O -- O -4 O -' O -- O -carboxylated O -) O -- O -butan O -- O -1 O -- O -one O -hydrochloride O -in O -rats O -and O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -major O -radioactive O -components O -were O -detected O -in O -the O -chloroform B-Chemical -extract O -of O -basified O -rat O -urine O -and O -five O -major O -components O -in O -similar O -extracts O -of O -human O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -metabolite O -in O -the O -rat O -urine O -extract O -was O -the O -dihydroxylated O -secondary O -alcohol B-Chemical -derivative O -while O -the O -major O -human O -metabolite O -was O -the O -monohydroxylated O -secondary O -alcohol B-Chemical -derivative O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Experiences O -on O -the O -effectivity O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F2alpha O -during O -labor O -after O -insufficient O -effect O -of O -oxytocin B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -9 O -of O -24 O -caesarean O -sections O -were O -performed O -by O -reason O -of O -weak O -labour O -in O -spite O -of O -application O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F2alpha O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -was O -in O -a O -solution O -of O -10 O -- O -15 O -mcg O -/ O -ml O -; O -the O -infusion O -rate O -was O -5 O -- O -22 O -. O -5 O -mcg O -/ O -minute O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -the O -cholinesterase O -blood O -activity O -with O -the O -clinical O -traits O -of O -the O -disease O -in O -64 O -patients O -with O -paranoid O -schizophrenia O -treated O -by O -majeptile O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -detected O -2 O -variants O -in O -the O -reactivity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -link O -of O -the O -cholinergic O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -paper O -deals O -with O -a O -study O -of O -83 O -patients O -with O -different O -forms O -of O -schizophrenia O -and O -15 O -normals O -where O -the O -methylating O -activity O -in O -converting O -nicotinamid O -into O -methylnicotinamid O -was O -determined O -and O -the O -activity O -of O -catechol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltransferase I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Action O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonists O -on O -brain O -vessels O -in O -vitro O -and O -after O -in O -vivo O -microapplication O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -pancreatic O -lipase O -activity O -this O -lipase O -activity O -was O -higher O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -than O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -and O -it O -was O -more O -resistent O -to O -acid O -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -Prevention O -of O -kernicterus O -, O -based O -on O -recent O -progress O -in O -bilirubin B-Chemical -chemistry O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -formulations O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -albumin O -dosage O -, O -of O -varying O -pH O -, O -and O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -result O -in O -a O -diagram O -which O -may O -be O -tried O -as O -an O -aid O -to O -indications O -for O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Naloxone B-Chemical -reversal O -of O -ketobemidone O -induced O -respiratory O -, O -circulatory O -and O -narcotic O -effects O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Val O -- O -tRNA O -synthesis O -was O -slightly O -stimulated O -up O -to O -a O -concentration O -of O -50 O -mM O -NaCl B-Chemical -( O -KCl O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Met O -- O -tRNA O -synthesis O -behaves O -differently O -by O -being O -stimulated O -over O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspects O -of O -the O -regulation O -of O -the O -metabolism O -of O -branched O -- O -chain O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -sensing O -characteristics O -of O -microsomal O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -illustrated O -in O -Figure O -7 O -, O -current O -evidence O -suggests O -that O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -is O -formed O -by O -the O -dismutation O -of O -the O -superoxide B-Chemical -anion O -resulting O -from O -the O -dissociation O -of O -oxycytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fact O -that O -the O -function O -of O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -is O -sensitive O -to O -changes O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -establishes O -its O -role O -as O -an O -" O -oxygen B-Chemical -sensor O -" O -for O -cellular O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Peroxisomal O -enzymes O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -least O -four O -substances O -have O -been O -reported O -to O -be O -present O -in O -the O -hypothalamus O -that O -can O -stimulate O -prolactin O -release O -, O -namely O -PRF O -, O -TRH O -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -the O -diphosphonate O -EHDP O -on O -plasma O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -hemoglobin O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -diabetic O -and O -healthy O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -emphasizes O -the O -importance O -of O -Pi O -on O -red O -cell O -function O -and O -indicates O -that O -an O -elevation O -of O -Pi O -tends O -to O -counteract O -the O -defect O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -release O -capacity O -of O -the O -red O -cells O -in O -diabetic O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamines O -, O -especially O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -as O -well O -as O -GABA B-Chemical -extracted O -from O -porcine O -hypothalamic O -tissue O -, O -were O -found O -to O -possess O -PIF O -activity O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Atypical O -( O -relaxant O -) O -response O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -cat O -bronchus O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -relaxation O -of O -cat O -bronchus O -is O -not O -blocked O -by O -mepyramine O -( O -a O -specific O -H1 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -) O -; O -metiamide O -or O -burimamide O -( O -specific O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -) O -; O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocker O -) O -and O -indomethacin B-Chemical -( O -a O -PG O -- O -synthetase O -inhibitor O -) O -suggesting O -non O -- O -participation O -of O -H1 O -, O -H2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -histamine I-Chemical -receptors O -, O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -( O -catecholamine B-Chemical -release O -) O -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -release O -in O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -broncho O -- O -relaxations O -in O -the O -cat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxidation O -is O -incomplete O -and O -results O -in O -a O -mixture O -of O -organic O -acid O -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -our O -investigations O -and O -those O -of O -others O -support O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -a O -primary O -pathway O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -is O -to O -phosphoenolpyruvic O -acid O -and O -then O -to O -oxalacetic O -acid O -with O -subsequent O -reduction O -to O -succinic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -two O -former O -organisms O -the O -activity O -of O -14CO2 O -derived O -from O -L O -- O -proline O -- O -14C O -was O -as O -high O -or O -higher O -than O -that O -derived O -from O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -14C I-Chemical -; O -in O -L O -. O -donovani O -more O -14CO2 O -is O -derived O -from O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -14C I-Chemical -than O -from O -L O -- O -proline O -- O -14C O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -of O -the O -increased O -14C O -- O -label O -found O -in O -the O -soluble O -fraction O -was O -in O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -there O -are O -complex O -physiological O -interactions O -between O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -proline O -in O -the O -metabolism O -of O -L O -. O -tarentolae O -, O -L O -. O -donovani O -and O -T O -. O -scelopori O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -activity O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -is O -so O -low O -that O -it O -is O -doubtful O -whether O -this O -pathway O -is O -of O -significance O -in O -the O -metabolism O -of O -carbohydrate O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -Polyarteritis O -nodosa O -and O -hepatitis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -: O -role O -of O -angiography O -in O -diagnosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cinchophen O -ulcerations O -were O -accompanied O -by O -an O -increase O -in O -plasma O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Folate B-Chemical -deficiency O -in O -puerperal O -psychosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -( O -PGE2 B-Chemical -) O -release O -rate O -from O -an O -intravaginal O -suppository O -on O -induced O -abortion O -was O -investigated O -in O -a O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -of O -71 O -women O -who O -were O -7 O -- O -22 O -weeks O -pregnant O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -base O -B O -demonstrated O -a O -t50 O -% O -value O -of O -30 O -hours O -which O -was O -independent O -of O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -there O -are O -no O -major O -differences O -in O -abortifacient O -efficiency O -or O -the O -general O -incidence O -of O -side O -effects O -when O -PGE2 B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -2 O -dosage O -forms O -is O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -Additionally O -, O -the O -deposition O -in O -the O -lung O -of O -the O -particulate B-Chemical -matter I-Chemical -contained O -in O -amnionic O -fluid O -may O -not O -be O -proof O -of O -pathologic O -aspiration O -as O -previously O -thought O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -as O -night O -sedation O -and O -pre O -- O -medication O -: O -a O -comparison O -with O -dichloralphenazone O -and O -papaveretum O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -LDH O -) O -isoenzymes O -of O -rabbit O -lens O -and O -other O -intraocular O -tissues O -are O -separated O -by O -thin O -- O -layer O -isoelectric O -focusing O -and O -localized O -as O -discrete O -groups O -of O -multiple O -bands O -with O -defined O -isoelectric O -points O -after O -staining O -by O -the O -tetrazolium O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -hyoscine B-Chemical -and O -atropine B-Chemical -on O -the O -lower O -oesophageal O -sphincter O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyoscine B-Chemical -and O -atropine B-Chemical -both O -decreased O -the O -lower O -oesophageal O -sphincter O -( O -L O -. O -O O -. O -S O -) O -pressure O -by O -approximately O -11 O -cm O -H2O O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -- O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneous O -determination O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -and O -catalase O -in O -biological O -materials O -by O -polarography O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -Butanediol O -diglycidyl O -ether B-Chemical -coupling O -of O -carbohydrates O -to O -Sepharose O -: O -affinity O -adsorbents O -for O -lectins O -and O -glycosidases O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Pharmacology O -of O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Action O -of O -dibencozide O -on O -nitrogen B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -immediate O -and O -long O -- O -term O -postoperative O -resuscitation O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -report O -their O -experience O -with O -the O -use O -of O -dibencozide O -, O -with O -its O -known O -facilitating O -action O -upon O -nitrogen B-Chemical -assimilation O -, O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -any O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lesions O -are O -" O -cold O -" O -on O -iodine B-Chemical -radioisotope O -scan O -. O - -aps B-category -Drugs O -that O -reverse O -the O -manic O -state O -all O -share O -the O -common O -property O -of O -affecting O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -aminoacids O -and O -proteins O -from O -the O -nitrogen B-Chemical -which O -enters O -the O -roots O -as O -nitra O -t O -involves O -a O -complex O -reaction O -requiring O -energy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -steps O -involve O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -FAD O -, O -Copper O -, O -Iron B-Chemical -and O -Manganese O -, O -the O -last O -steps O -of O -the O -successive O -reductions O -being O -ammonia B-Chemical -, O -needed O -for O -the O -aminoacids O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitrosamines O -are O -carcinogenic O -compounds O -synthetized O -from O -amines B-Chemical -and O -nitrites O -or O -nitrates B-Chemical -, O -if O -nitrates B-Chemical -in O -the O -reaction O -medium O -may O -be O -reduced O -to O -nitrites O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -property O -of O -secondary O -amines B-Chemical -to O -nitrosate O -is O -inversely O -related O -to O -amine B-Chemical -basicity O -( O -checked O -in O -vivo O -) O -, O -and O -it O -increases O -with O -the O -medium O -acidity O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Metabolism O -of O -nitrates B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrites I-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -the O -presence O -of O -nitrite B-Chemical -in O -blood O -is O -not O -clearly O -established O -, O -this O -is O -due O -to O -the O -nitrite B-Chemical -high O -chemical O -reactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -nitrites O -and O -nitrates B-Chemical -on O -various O -aspects O -of O -vitamin O -nutritional O -status O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Numerous O -studies O -show O -that O -ingested O -nitrites O -decrease O -the O -stock O -of O -liver O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -in O -nonruminants O -( O -Rat O -, O -Pig O -, O -Chicken O -) O -; O -the O -effect O -of O -nitrates B-Chemical -is O -less O -pronounced O -even O -lacking O -. O - -aps B-category -Thiamine O -and O -vitamin B-Chemical -B6 I-Chemical -contents O -of O -several O -tissues O -decrease O -when O -nitrites O -are O -fed O -to O -the O -Rat O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -such O -explanation O -seems O -to O -be O -possible O -in O -the O -case O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -B6 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -hydroxyzine B-Chemical -, O -which O -was O -the O -less O -active O -per O -i O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -by O -reaction O -with O -methyl O -- O -3 O -, O -5 O -- O -dinitrobenzoate O -in O -Methyl O -Sulfoxide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proposed O -method O -has O -advantages O -over O -the O -dinitrobenzoyl O -chloride B-Chemical -assay O -system O -in O -terms O -of O -sensitivity O -, O -reagent O -stability O -and O -precision O -. O - -aps B-category -Halide O -ions O -were O -required O -for O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -whereas O -sulfate O -and O -nitrate B-Chemical -were O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -of O -EDTA O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -could O -be O -reversed O -upon O -addition O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -EDTA O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -activity O -of O -erythrocyte O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -G O -- O -6 O -- O -PD O -) O -does O -not O -always O -correlate O -with O -in O -vivo O -hemolytic O -manifestations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -circadian O -rhythm O -of O -plasma O -cortisol B-Chemical -and O -urinary O -17 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -corticosteroids I-Chemical -has O -been O -studied O -in O -6 O -normal O -volunteers O -both O -in O -basal O -conditions O -and O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -30 O -mg O -of O -a O -banthine O -derivative O -( O -the O -beta O -methyl O -- O -beta O -- O -isopropylaminoethyl O -ester O -bromide B-Chemical -of O -xantene O -- O -9 O -- O -carbonic O -acid O -, O -" O -Pervagal O -" O -) O -given O -orally O -once O -a O -day O -at O -different O -hours O -( O -midnight O -, O -4 O -AM O -, O -8 O -AM O -, O -noon O -, O -4 O -PM O -, O -8 O -PM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -long O -view O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -stability O -of O -cephalothin B-Chemical -and O -cefazolin O -in O -buffer O -or O -human O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -identification O -of O -lipid O -acceptor O -and O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -lipid O -- O -linked O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -Bacillus O -stearothermophilus O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -pH O -, O -salts O -, O -temperature O -, O -and O -source O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -on O -enzyme O -activity O -and O -substrate O -specificity O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Steady O -- O -state O -kinetics O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Pisum O -sativum O -L O -. O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -of O -mitochondrial O -respiration O -: O -a O -quantitative O -evaluation O -of O -the O -roles O -of O -cytochrome O -c O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Environmental O -fate O -of O -three O -carcinogens O -: O -benzo O -- O -( O -alpha O -) O -- O -pyrene O -, O -benzidine O -, O -and O -vinyl O -chloride B-Chemical -evaluated O -in O -laboratory O -model O -ecosystems O -. O - -aps B-category -Vinyl O -chloride B-Chemical -was O -not O -accumulated O -because O -of O -its O -high O -volatility O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pressor O -effects O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -were O -revived O -after O -the O -inhibition O -by O -the O -alpha O -- O -receptor O -block O -by O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -( O -- O -) O -INPEA O -, O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -MJ O -1999 O -and O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -butoxamine O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -Practolol O -also O -did O -not O -revive O -the O -pressor O -effect O -of O -the O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -of O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -pressure O -to O -increased O -arterial O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -was O -examined O -in O -5 O -control O -dogs O -and O -7 O -dogs O -with O -experimental O -communicating O -hydrocephalus O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -triene O -is O -reduced O -by O -a O -rat O -liver O -microsomal O -preparation O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -to O -give O -4 O -, O -4 O -' O -- O -dimethylcholesta O -- O -7 O -, O -9 O -- O -dienol O -under O -anaerobic O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -aerobic O -conditions O -the O -triene O -is O -converted O -into O -cholesterol B-Chemical -by O -a O -rat O -liver O -homogenate O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -5 O -- O -( O -3 O -, O -3 O -- O -dimethyl O -- O -1 O -- O -triazeno O -) O -imidazole O -- O -4 O -- O -carboxamide O -[ O -NSC O -45388 O -, O -DTIC B-Chemical -] O -on O -neuroblastoma O -cells O -in O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -involvement O -of O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -in O -the O -NADH O -- O -dependent O -O O -- O -demethylation O -of O -p O -- O -nitroanisole O -in O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rabbit O -liver O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -between O -the O -heme O -c O -and O -heme O -d O -moieties O -of O -Pseudomonas O -nitrite B-Chemical -reductase O -as O -revealed O -by O -magnetic O -and O -natural O -circular O -dichroism O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Generation O -of O -free O -radicals O -and O -lipid O -peroxidation O -by O -redox O -cycling O -of O -adriamycin B-Chemical -and O -daunomycin O -. O - -aps B-category -Does O -chronic O -alcohol B-Chemical -consumption O -really O -induce O -hepatic O -microsomal O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltrasferase O -activity O -? O - -aps B-category -Deprotonation O -of O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -tRNA O -by O -polyamines O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -affecting O -the O -tissue O -binding O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -in O -various O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -- O -( O -7 O -- O -Ethylbenzofuran O -- O -2 O -- O -yl O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -tert O -. O -- O -butylamino O -- O -1 O -- O -hydroxyethane O -hydrochloride O -( O -bufuralol O -) O -is O -a O -non O -- O -selective O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agent O -which O -closely O -resembles O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -its O -properties O -, O -including O -potency O -. O - -aps B-category -L O -9394 O -decreased O -Robinson O -' O -s O -index O -, O -an O -effect O -which O -suggests O -that O -the O -substance O -reduces O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -requirements O -of O -the O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -Dynamic O -and O -kinetic O -comparison O -of O -penbutolol O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -healthy O -volunteers O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -Although O -the O -beta1 O -- O -adrenoceptor O -selective O -blocker O -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -caused O -decreases O -in O -baseline O -values O -for O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -similar O -to O -those O -observed O -with O -the O -use O -of O -the O -two O -non O -- O -selective O -blockrs O -, O -it O -was O -shown O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -crossover O -comparison O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -that O -the O -haemodynamic O -changes O -provoked O -by O -the O -mental O -arithmetic O -were O -not O -less O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -beta1 O -- O -receptor O -blockade O -than O -when O -both O -beta1 O -- O -and O -beta2 O -- O -receptors O -were O -blocked O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -details O -of O -the O -pH O -dependence O -of O -the O -thermodynamic O -and O -magnetic O -interactions O -of O -the O -active O -- O -site O -region O -of O -thermolysin O -in O -which O -manganese O -has O -replaced O -the O -active O -- O -site O -zinc B-Chemical -atom O -and O -the O -inhibitor O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trifluoroacetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenylalanine I-Chemical -have O -been O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -assuming O -that O -the O -opening O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonds O -due O -to O -thermal O -fluctuations O -is O -a O -very O -fast O -step O -and O -that O -the O -reaction O -of O -formaldehyde O -with O -the O -imino O -or O -amino B-Chemical -group O -is O -a O -slow O -step O -, O -we O -have O -constructed O -a O -model O -for O -the O -unwinding O -process O -of O -poly O -( O -A O -- O -U O -) O -induced O -by O -formaldehyde O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxygen O -binding O -by O -Limulus O -polyphemus O -hemocyanin O -: O -allosteric O -modulation O -by O -chloride B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reactivity O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -of O -the O -five O -histones O -towards O -acetic O -anhydride O -has O -been O -measured O -and O -with O -the O -exception O -of O -histone O -IIb2 O -the O -reactivities O -are O -very O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -exposed O -lysines O -with O -an O -average O -pK O -of O -9 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -at O -the O -lower O -ionic O -strengths O -the O -large O -proportion O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -are O -buried O -for O -both O -the O -histones O -and O -the O -region O -of O -histone O -IV O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Accumulation O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -is O -directly O -related O -to O -the O -magnitude O -of O -deltapH O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -, O -and O -stoichiometry O -values O -of O -one O -and O -approximately O -1 O -. O -7 O -are O -obtained O -for O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -, O -respectively O -, O -at O -this O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Active O -transport O -of O -L O -- O -sorbose O -and O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -in O -Saccharomyces O -fragilis O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -there O -are O -at O -least O -two O -different O -active O -transport O -mechanisms O -operative O -in O -Saccharomyces O -fragilis O -: O -transport O -- O -associated O -phosphorylation O -in O -the O -case O -of O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -and O -chemiosmotic O -coupling O -in O -the O -case O -of O -sorbose O -and O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -of O -monovalent O -cations O -by O -yeast O -via O -the O -monovalent O -cation O -uptake O -mechanism O -is O -inhibited O -by O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetic O -coefficients O -of O -Rb O -+ O -and O -TI O -+ O -uptake O -are O -affected O -by O -phosphate B-Chemical -: O -the O -maximal O -rate O -of O -uptake O -is O -decreased O -and O -the O -apparent O -affinity O -constants O -for O -the O -translocation O -sites O -are O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Possibly O -, O -the O -inhibition O -of O -monovalent O -cation O -uptake O -in O -yeast O -can O -be O -explained O -by O -a O -transient O -depolarization O -of O -the O -cell O -membrane O -by O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CaCl2 B-Chemical -, O -ZnCl2 O -or O -CoCl2 O -did O -not O -activate O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Triacylglycerol O -lipase O -of O -Pseudomonas O -fluorescens O -was O -purified O -from O -the O -crude O -enzyme O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -and O -chromatographies O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -75 O -and O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -cholesterol B-Chemical -ester O -hydrolases O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -appears O -most O -cell O -types O -, O -including O -fibroblasts O -and O -smooth O -muscle O -cells O -, O -contain O -two O -separate O -enzymes O -capable O -of O -hydrolyzing O -cholesterol B-Chemical -esters O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -neutral O -lipid O -production O -was O -obtained O -when O -the O -reaction O -mixture O -( O -400 O -microliter O -) O -consisted O -of O -0 O -. O -25 O -M O -potassium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -) O -, O -0 O -. O -125 O -mM O -oleoyl O -- O -CoA O -, O -3 O -. O -75 O -mM O -sn O -- O -glycerol O -- O -3 O -- O -P O -, O -10 O -mM O -MgCl2 O -and O -1 O -. O -85 O -mg O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -phosphatidate O -phosphohydrolase O -, O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -magnesium B-Chemical -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -functional O -properties O -of O -Perinereis O -erythrocruorin O -are O -characterized O -by O -a O -low O -cooperativity O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -binding O -( O -n O -1 O -/ O -2 O -= O -1 O -. O -5 O -) O -at O -neutral O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -to O -fibrinogen O -: O -some O -structural O -features O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -circular O -dichroism O -spectra O -analysis O -shows O -that O -the O -binding O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -to O -this O -protein O -does O -not O -entail O -an O -overall O -conformational O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -5 O -. O -0 O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -fibrinogen O -is O -slightly O -acid O -- O -denatured O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -temperature O -transition O -shift O -of O -3 O -degrees O -C O -is O -measured O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -bound O -calcium B-Chemical -during O -thermal O -denaturation O -, O -whereas O -magnesium B-Chemical -ions O -have O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -velocity O -of O -the O -splitting O -of O -the O -earliest O -plasmin O -- O -succeptible O -bonds O -is O -reduced O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -magnesium B-Chemical -ions O -have O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -And O -that O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -divalent O -cation O -stabilizes O -a O -more O -compact O -structure O -of O -the O -fibrinogen O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -studies O -of O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -binding O -to O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -) O -has O -provided O -evidence O -for O -two O -specific O -binding O -sites O -, O -chemically O -identified O -as O -Lys O -126 O -and O -Lys O -333 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -shown O -by O -the O -method O -of O -electron O -photosensitized O -transfer O -that O -N O -- O -acetyl O -group O -is O -the O -main O -electron O -- O -acceptor O -group O -in O -oligomeres O -of O -N O -- O -acetyl O -glucose B-Chemical -amine B-Chemical -( O -AGA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Properties O -of O -human O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -isoenzymes O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -pronounced O -differences O -in O -properties O -of O -these O -isoenzymes O -are O -found O -under O -their O -urea B-Chemical -inactivation O -, O -heat O -denaturation O -and O -the O -inhibition O -by O -rabbit O -antisera O -to O -isoenzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mode O -of O -the O -interaction O -of O -M O -and O -B O -subunits O -in O -dimeric O -molecules O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -isoenzymes O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -reaction O -of O -a O -pancreatic O -inhibitor O -and O -cyanuric O -chloride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -activated I-Chemical -dextran B-Chemical -proceeds O -for O -OH O -groups O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -and O -for O -- O -epsilon O -- O -NH2 O -groups O -of O -lysine O -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -found O -that O -the O -modification O -by O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -. O -6 O -- O -dichloro O -- O -s O -- O -triazine O -stabilizes O -the O -protein O -molecule O -, O -while O -the O -interaction O -with O -the O -matrix O -of O -soluble O -dextran B-Chemical -does O -not O -carry O -any O -contribution O -to O -thermostability O -of O -the O -pancreatic O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -specific O -to O -NADPH B-Chemical -; O -it O -catalyzes O -menadion O -- O -reductase O -reaction O -, O -diaphorase O -reaction O -of O -benzyl O -viologen O -reduction O -, O -oxidation O -of O -reduced O -benzyl O -viologen O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADP O -, O -reduction O -of O -ferredoxin O -and O -cytochrome O -c O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -but O -it O -is O -not O -capable O -to O -catalyze O -transhydrogenase O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -, O -that O -microsomal O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -phospholipid O -dioxygenase O -forming O -a O -chemical O -modification O -of O -membrane O -polyenic O -acyls O -, O -can O -be O -a O -factor O -regulating O -the O -activities O -of O -membrane O -- O -linked O -enzymes O -under O -normal O -physiological O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -levels O -of O -cyclic B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -( O -cAMP B-Chemical -) O -and O -two O -forms O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -with O -low O -( O -PDE1 O -) O -and O -high O -( O -PDE2 O -) O -affinity O -for O -the O -substrate O -were O -determined O -in O -homogenates O -from O -mouse O -liver O -and O -transplanted O -hepatoma O -22 O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphodiesterases O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -from O -tumour O -and O -liver O -cells O -are O -similar O -in O -their O -Km O -values O -( O -3 O -, O -3 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -for O -PDE1 O -and O -2 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -for O -PDE2 O -) O -; O -however O -, O -the O -maximal O -and O -real O -rates O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -hydrolysis O -in O -hepatoma O -are O -much O -higher O -than O -in O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -a O -decreased O -cAMP B-Chemical -level O -in O -hepatoma O -cells O -( O -as O -compared O -to O -the O -liver O -) O -is O -due O -to O -the O -activation O -of O -PDE2 O -. O - -aps B-category -500 O -mg O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -was O -administered O -orally O -to O -8 O -normal O -subjects O -and O -induced O -an O -increase O -of O -growth O -hormone O -( O -GH O -) O -and O -a O -decrease O -of O -prolactin O -( O -PRL O -) O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -dissociation O -of O -GH O -and O -PRL O -responses O -to O -levodopa B-Chemical -during O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -infusion O -appears O -to O -be O -mediated O -by O -peripheral O -acceleration O -of O -the O -conversion O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Transitions O -induced O -by O -the O -binding O -of O -a O -relatively O -large O -number O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -by O -the O -macromolecule O -give O -well O -resolved O -bimodal O -equilibrium O -patterns O -, O -provided O -that O -the O -resulting O -conformer O -has O -the O -lower O -isoelectric O -point O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymic O -activity O -and O -conformational O -properties O -of O -native O -and O -crosslinked O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyrimidines O -from O -hydrogen B-Chemical -cyanide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -clay O -catalyzed O -polymerization O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -adenylates O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -for O -polymerization O -to O -take O -place O -, O -the O -edges O -of O -the O -clay O -have O -to O -be O -free O -as O -well O -and O -apparently O -only O -these O -molecules O -polymerize O -which O -are O -attached O -to O -the O -planes O -of O -the O -clay O -by O -their O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -and O -to O -the O -edges O -of O -the O -clay O -by O -their O -phosphate B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -conventional O -chimeras O -died O -from O -secondary O -disease O -within O -9 O -weeks O -after O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -Over O -a O -range O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tensions O -from O -24 O -to O -40 O -millimetres O -of O -mercury O -, O -the O -arterial O -blood O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -decreased O -linearly O -by O -0 O -. O -32 O -nanomole O -per O -litre O -per O -millimetre O -of O -mercury O -decrement O -in O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -significance O -bands O -may O -be O -used O -to O -differentiate O -additional O -acid O -- O -base O -disorders O -in O -patients O -with O -chronic O -hypocapnia O -over O -a O -clinically O -useful O -range O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tensions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -paracetamol B-Chemical -and O -benorylate O -were O -studied O -on O -gastric O -mucosal O -blood O -flow O -( O -MBF O -) O -and O -acid O -secretion O -in O -canine O -denervated O -gastric O -pouches O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspirin B-Chemical -buffered O -to O -pH O -6 O -was O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -Paracetamol B-Chemical -( O -10 O -or O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -, O -or O -20 O -mM O -in O -the O -pouch O -) O -or O -benorylate O -( O -280 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -orally O -) O -mainly O -had O -little O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -do O -not O -favour O -the O -view O -that O -aspirin B-Chemical -causes O -gastric O -bleeding O -in O -dogs O -by O -breakdown O -of O -blood O -vessels O -due O -to O -ischaemia O -following O -mucosal O -vasoconstriction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -accumulation O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -- O -NA O -after O -30 O -min O -incubation O -was O -reduced O -by O -desmethylimipramine B-Chemical -( O -DMI O -) O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -and O -was O -also O -reduced O -in O -vasa O -from O -rats O -pretreated O -with O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -( O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -DMI O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -did O -not O -alter O -the O -tissue O -uptake O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -- B-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -, O -[ O -14C O -] O -- O -practolol O -or O -[ O -3H O -] O -- O -penbutolol O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -by O -nerve O -growth O -factor O -: O -comparison O -between O -adrenal O -medulla O -and O -sympathetic O -ganglia O -of O -adult O -and O -newborn O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Rotation O -- O -mediated O -aggregating O -cell O -cultures O -of O -mechanically O -dissociated O -fetal O -rat O -brains O -divided O -into O -three O -( O -telencephalon O -, O -mesencephalon O -- O -diencephalon O -and O -rhombencephalon O -) O -, O -or O -two O -( O -telencephalon O -and O -mesencephalon O -- O -diencephalon O -plus O -rhombencephalon O -) O -parts O -were O -examined O -for O -their O -biochemical O -differentiation O -by O -measuring O -the O -specific O -activities O -of O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -, O -acetylcholinesterase O -, O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -3 O -- O -monooxygenase O -, O -aromatic O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -, O -catechol B-Chemical -methyltransferase O -and O -monoamine O -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -in O -cultures O -of O -whole O -brain O -, O -ascorbic O -acid O -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -mM O -) O -decreased O -tyrosine B-Chemical -3 O -- O -monooxygenase O -and O -aromatic O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -while O -other O -enzymes O -were O -slightly O -increased O -; O -and O -in O -cultures O -of O -telencephalon O -and O -mesencephalon O -- O -diencephalon O -plus O -rhombencephalon O -, O -N6 O -, O -O2 O -' O -- O -dibutyryladenosine O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -mM O -) O -decreased O -the O -specific O -activities O -of O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -acetylcholinesterase O -, O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -and O -monoamine O -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -normal O -anesthetized O -dog O -the O -combination O -of O -insulin O -, O -whether O -of O -exogenous O -or O -endogenous O -origin O -, O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -dichloroacetate O -provoke O -a O -rapid O -and O -important O -reduction O -of O -the O -hyperlactatemia O -and O -hyperpyruvicemia O -induced O -by O -the O -intraduodenal O -injection O -of O -high O -doses O -of O -phenformin O -. O - -aps B-category -Value O -of O -beta O -blocking B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diuretic I-Chemical -interaction O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -S O -. O -464 O -, O -a O -new O -beta O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -, O -injected O -five O -minutes O -before O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -inhibits O -plasma O -renin O -hyperactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combination O -of O -both O -compounds O -( O -five O -parts O -of O -S O -. O -464 O -, O -one O -part O -of O -diuretic B-Chemical -) O -, O -assumes O -the O -same O -inhibitory O -effects O -as O -S O -. O -464 O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -and O -S O -464 O -reduce O -PRA O -in O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -and O -normotensive O -control O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maturation O -of O -crystalline O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphates O -in O -aqueous O -suspensions O -at O -physiologic O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Peripheral O -vascular O -and O -myocardial O -effects O -of O -increasing O -concentrations O -of O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -( O -0 O -to O -70 O -per O -cent O -) O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -were O -determined O -in O -15 O -unanaesthetized O -calves O -before O -and O -after O -replacement O -in O -their O -natural O -heart O -( O -NH O -) O -with O -a O -pneumatically O -driven O -artificial O -heart O -( O -AH O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Elevations O -in O -heart O -rate O -and O -cardiac O -output O -at O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -concentrations O -greater O -than O -30 O -per O -cent O -and O -aortic O -pressure O -at O -70 O -per O -cent O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -were O -significantly O -greater O -in O -NH O -than O -AH O -animals O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -findings O -also O -suggest O -that O -cardiovascular O -stimulation O -during O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -breathing O -may O -be O -related O -to O -increased O -concentrations O -of O -arterial O -and O -/ O -or O -venous O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -same O -ionic O -strength O -but O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -the O -Mg2 O -+ O -- B-Chemical -NADPH I-Chemical -and O -Mn2 O -+ O -- B-Chemical -NADPH I-Chemical -complexes O -had O -stability O -constants O -of O -0 O -. O -95 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -23 O -and O -1 O -. O -79 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -34 O -mM O -- O -1 O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -the O -pig O -heart O -enzyme O -appears O -to O -bind O -free O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -Mn2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -equilibrium O -dialysis O -gives O -an O -apparent O -binding O -constant O -of O -about O -4 O -X O -10 O -( O -3 O -) O -M O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -at O -neutral O -pH O -, O -but O -Ka O -increases O -1 O -. O -75 O -times O -when O -NaCl B-Chemical -or O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -are O -added O -and O -10 O -- O -fold O -when O -the O -pH O -is O -lowered O -to O -3 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Cysteine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -transaminase O -( O -cysteine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -; O -EC O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -) O -has O -been O -purified O -149 O -- O -fold O -to O -an O -apparent O -homogeneity O -giving O -a O -specific O -activity O -of O -2 O -. O -09 O -IU O -per O -milligram O -of O -protein O -with O -an O -overall O -yield O -of O -15 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -final O -product O -was O -homogenous O -when O -examined O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -( O -SDS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -inactivated O -slowly O -when O -kept O -frozen O -and O -is O -completely O -inactivated O -if O -left O -at O -room O -temperature O -for O -1 O -h O -. O -The O -enzyme O -does O -not O -catalyze O -the O -transamination O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DL I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -, O -which O -, O -when O -present O -to O -a O -final O -concentration O -of O -10 O -mM O -, O -exhibits O -a O -23 O -. O -2 O -% O -inhibition O -of O -transamination O -of O -30 O -mM O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -antigenicity O -of O -an O -inactivated O -, O -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxide O -adjuvant O -equine O -influenza O -vaccine O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -a O -single O -- O -pass O -perfusion O -technique O -, O -H2O O -, O -Na O -+ O -, O -Cl O -- O -, O -HCO3 O -- O -, O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -absorption O -were O -studied O -in O -the O -jejunum O -and O -proximal O -and O -distal O -ileum O -of O -rats O -either O -uninfected O -or O -infected O -with O -a O -tapeworm O -parasite O -( O -Hymenolepis O -diminuta O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Proximal O -- O -distal O -flux O -gradients O -were O -observed O -for O -water O -and O -all O -the O -solute O -species O -studied O -, O -as O -well O -as O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -salt B-Chemical -and O -water O -transport O -; O -there O -was O -a O -decreasing O -sensitivity O -to O -low O -pH O -proceeding O -distally O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -parasites O -diminished O -the O -rates O -of O -absorption O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -salt B-Chemical -, O -and O -water O -, O -and O -altered O -the O -flux O -gradients O -, O -particularly O -the O -Na O -+ O -and O -HCO3 O -- O -transport O -gradients O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -thyroid O -hormones O -influence O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -after O -exposure O -to O -cold O -, O -the O -effects O -of O -hyper O -- O -and O -hypo O -- O -thyroidism O -on O -adrenal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -14 O -. O -16 O -. O -2 O -) O -, O -phenylethanolamine O -- O -N O -- O -methyl O -transferase O -( O -PNMT O -) O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -28 O -) O -, O -and O -serum O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -( O -DbetaH O -) O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -14 O -. O -17 O -. O -1 O -) O -of O -rats O -of O -23 O -and O -4 O -degrees O -C O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Release O -of O -flavine O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -on O -adsorption O -of O -the O -enzyme O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -to O -clays O -. O - -aps B-category -metabolizes O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -by O -a O -pathway O -involving O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydroxyphenylacetate O -as O -a O -key O -intermediate O -. O - -aps B-category -Extracts O -of O -the O -bacterium O -oxidize O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydroxyphenylacetate O -to O -delta O -- O -carboxymethyl O -- O -alpha O -- O -hydroxymuconic O -acid O -which O -, O -when O -supplemented O -with O -2 O -mol O -of O -diphosphopyridine O -dinucleotide O -, O -results O -in O -the O -production O -of O -stoichiometric O -amounts O -of O -succinate O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -the O -enzyme O -with O -either O -CMC O -or O -dewaxed O -cotton O -produced O -only O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -NADP O -) O -dependent O -6 O -- O -PG O -dehydrogenase O -was O -detected O -only O -in O -the O -fast O -growers O -and O -was O -more O -than O -twice O -as O -active O -as O -the O -NAD O -- O -linked O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Amylosucrase O -( O -sucrose B-Chemical -: O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -alpha O -- O -D O -- O -glucan O -4 O -- O -alpha O -- O -glucosyltransferase O -; O -EC O -2 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -4 O -) O -which O -mediates O -the O -transfer O -of O -the O -glucosyl O -moiety O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -to O -a O -growing O -alpha O -- O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -glucan O -chain O -is O -a O -constitutive O -enzyme O -of O -Neisseria O -perflava O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -it O -is O -possible O -to O -initiate O -successful O -therapy O -5 O -days O -after O -leukemia O -implantation O -providing O -that O -the O -initial O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -, O -given O -in O -two O -doses O -of O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -each O -and O -spaced O -7 O -days O -apart O -, O -is O -administered O -prior O -to O -establishment O -of O -graft O -- O -versus O -- O -host O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -retinol O -and O -butylated B-Chemical -hydroxyanisole I-Chemical -of O -carcinogen O -- O -mediated O -increases O -in O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -and O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -accumulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -physical O -properties O -of O -the O -triamcinolone B-Chemical -acetonide O -- O -binding O -macromolecules O -of O -the O -hepatomas O -indicate O -that O -they O -are O -specific O -glucocorticoid O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Probably O -the O -most O -convincing O -criterion O -that O -the O -triamcinolone B-Chemical -acetonide O -- O -binding O -macromolecules O -from O -the O -hepatomas O -are O -specific O -receptors O -is O -that O -50 O -to O -90 O -% O -of O -the O -receptor O -can O -be O -depleted O -from O -hepatoma O -cytosol O -by O -treating O -rats O -with O -cortisol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Production O -of O -calcitonin B-Chemical -, O -adrenocorticotropic O -hormone O -, O -and O -beta O -- O -melanocyte O -- O -stimulating O -hormone O -in O -tumors O -derived O -from O -amine B-Chemical -precursor O -uptake O -and O -decarboxylation O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -tumors O -were O -grouped O -as O -to O -whether O -they O -were O -derived O -from O -the O -amine B-Chemical -precursor O -uptake O -and O -decarboxylation O -( O -APUD O -) O -series O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Observation O -of O -pH O -, O -osmotic O -pressure O -, O -urea B-Chemical -level O -, O -Na O -+ O -and O -K O -+ O -ions O -at O -the O -base O -of O -leg O -ulcers O -including O -changes O -during O -therapy O -with O -ion O -exchangers O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -and O -neurotransmitter O -release O -in O -canine O -blood O -vessels O -. O - -aps B-category -Tonin O -, O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -steady O -- O -state O -kinetic O -method O -has O -been O -revised O -for O -measuring O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -isoenzyme O -activities O -, O -which O -relates O -the O -inhibition O -of O -heart O -- O -type O -isoenzyme O -activity O -to O -the O -overall O -isoenzyme O -composition O -of O -the O -enzyme O -subunits O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -isoenzymes O -are O -measured O -by O -measuring O -the O -reduction O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -in O -two O -different O -concentrations O -, O -which O -favor O -either O -the O -total O -or O -fractional O -activity O -, O -depending O -on O -the O -concentrations O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -the O -percentage O -of O -heart O -- O -type O -subunits O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -, O -simple O -kinetic O -method O -is O -described O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -serum O -cholesterol B-Chemical -based O -on O -the O -oxidation O -of O -2 O -, O -2 O -' O -- O -azino O -- O -di O -- O -3 O -[ O -ethyl O -- O -benzthiazolin O -sulfonic O -acid O -( O -6 O -) O -] O -( O -ABTS O -) O -by O -use O -of O -a O -single O -aqueous O -reagent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -requires O -no O -prior O -treatment O -of O -sample O -and O -linear O -kinetics O -are O -obtained O -up O -to O -13 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -cholesterol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -serum O -acid O -phosphatase O -in O -Gaucher O -' O -s O -disease O -using O -4 O -- O -methylumbelliferyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -phosphatase O -activity O -in O -serum O -from O -patients O -with O -prostatic O -cancer O -can O -be O -distinguished O -from O -that O -in O -Gaucher O -serum O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -well O -- O -documented O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -former O -to O -inhibition O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -tartrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -is O -reproducible O -, O -and O -the O -results O -correlate O -well O -with O -those O -obtained O -by O -the O -method O -using O -butyrylthiocholine B-Chemical -as O -substrate O -and O -5 O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -dithiobis O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -nitrobenzoic O -acid O -) O -as O -color O -reagent O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibodies O -of O -progressively O -greater O -binding O -capacity O -were O -eluted O -by O -a O -stepwise O -acid O -gradient O -( O -pH O -3 O -- O -2 O -- O -- O -2 O -- O -8 O -) O -using O -low O -or O -high O -ionic O -strength O -glycine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCl I-Chemical -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -3 O -' O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -monophosphate O -and O -central O -circulatory O -control O -in O -cats O -and O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Injection O -into O -the O -lateral O -ventricle O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -or O -Ro O -7 O -/ O -2956 O -, O -both O -inhibitors O -of O -phosphodiesterase O -, O -similarly O -increased O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Somatostatin O -, O -known O -to O -reduce O -cAMP B-Chemical -levels O -, O -induced O -a O -small O -but O -significant O -decrease O -in O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -urine O -acidification O -on O -plasma O -and O -urine O -phencyclidine B-Chemical -levels O -in O -overdosage O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -actions O -of O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -, O -strychnine B-Chemical -, O -bicuculline B-Chemical -and O -other O -convulsants O -and O -antagonists O -on O -the O -responses O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -on O -Helix O -neurones O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -the O -circadian O -rhythms O -and O -concentrations O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -in O -the O -telencephalon O -of O -four O -rodent O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -and O -protein O -synthesis O -in O -the O -eyes O -of O -Aplysia O -californica O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -of O -[ O -methyl O -- O -14C O -] O -choline B-Chemical -by O -the O -ventral O -nerve O -cord O -of O -the O -prawn O -Palaemonetes O -varians O -( O -Leach O -) O -, O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -of O -plant O -cell O -enlargement O -by O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Clorazepate O -: O -double O -blind O -crossover O -comparison O -of O -a O -single O -nightly O -dose O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -thrice O -daily O -in O -anxiety O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -significantly O -higher O -incidence O -and O -frequency O -of O -side O -effects O -during O -diazepam B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Study O -of O -the O -hydrolysis O -- O -- O -synthesis O -of O -cephalothin B-Chemical -reaction O -catalyzed O -by O -penicillin B-Chemical -amidase O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -dose O -on O -the O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -intravenous O -nicotine B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Independent O -of O -dose O -, O -the O -concentration O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -declined O -biexponentially O -with O -a O -mean O -half O -- O -life O -ranging O -from O -0 O -. O -92 O -to O -1 O -. O -10 O -hr O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -areas O -under O -the O -cotinine O -plasma O -concentration O -- O -time O -curves O -did O -not O -increase O -proportionately O -with O -the O -dose O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -dose O -- O -related O -increase O -in O -the O -total O -plasma O -clearance O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -is O -not O -due O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -its O -biotransformation O -to O -cotinine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -urinary O -excretions O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -and O -its O -metabolites O -were O -dose O -- O -independent O -. O - -aps B-category -Alteration O -of O -in O -vivo O -zoxazolamine O -metabolism O -by O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -in O -normal O -and O -polycyclic O -hydrocarbon O -- O -treated O -immature O -male O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Pre O -- O -exposure O -of O -the O -animals O -for O -90 O -min O -followed O -by O -determination O -of O -the O -duration O -of O -drug O -action O -while O -the O -animals O -were O -maintained O -in O -the O -experimental O -atmosphere O -resulted O -in O -a O -qualitative O -difference O -in O -response O -between O -normal O -and O -polycyclic O -hydrocarbon O -- O -treated O -animals O -over O -the O -concentration O -range O -of O -150 O -- O -450 O -ppm O -CO O -. O -Corn B-Chemical -oil I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -animals O -demonstrated O -a O -decreased O -duration O -of O -drug O -action O -when O -exposed O -to O -CO O -, O -indicating O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -bioavailability O -of O -drug O -for O -metabolism O -which O -may O -be O -a O -result O -of O -an O -increase O -in O -liver O -perfusion O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulatory O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -on O -metabolism O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -to O -6alpha O -- O -naloxol O -in O -the O -guinea O -pig O -. O - -aps B-category -Action O -of O -cobalt B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -on O -the O -biosynthesis O -, O -degradation O -, O -and O -utilization O -of O -heme O -in O -fetal O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -marked O -differences O -not O -only O -in O -Vmax O -but O -also O -in O -the O -postnatal O -development O -of O -Km O -and O -the O -inductibility O -by O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Temperature O -- O -jump O -experiments O -suggest O -that O -the O -first O -of O -these O -is O -due O -to O -the O -binding O -of O -a O -deprotonated O -imidazole O -group O -to O -the O -feric O -iron B-Chemical -while O -the O -second O -and O -third O -arise O -from O -the O -binding O -of O -the O -two O -available O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -present O -( O -the O -alpha O -- O -NH2 O -of O -valine O -and O -the O -epsilon O -- O -NH2 O -of O -lysine O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -organic O -hydroperoxide O -cumene O -hydroperoxide O -is O -capable O -of O -oxidizing O -ethanol B-Chemical -to O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -either O -catalase O -, O -purified O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -or O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -organic O -hydroxyperoxides O -will O -replace O -cumene O -hydroperoxide O -in O -oxidizing O -ethanol B-Chemical -but O -less O -effectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenobarbital B-Chemical -pretreatment O -of O -rats O -increased O -the O -specific O -activity O -of O -the O -cumene O -- O -hydroperoxide O -- O -dependent O -ethanol B-Chemical -oxidation O -per O -mg O -of O -microsomes O -about O -seven O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -when O -H2O2 B-Chemical -is O -used O -in O -place O -of O -cumene O -hydroperoxide O -, O -the O -microsomal O -ethanol B-Chemical -oxidation O -closely O -resembles O -the O -catalase O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Sheep O -liver O -cytoplasmic O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -showed O -little O -pH O -dependence O -of O -V O -or O -kcat O -. O - -aps B-category -Close O -similarities O -are O -in O -general O -apparent O -for O -the O -horse O -and O -sheep O -liver O -cytoplasmic O -enzymes O -and O -with O -other O -tissue O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -1 O -- O -( O -2 O -( O -diarylmethoxy O -) O -ethyl O -) O -aziridines O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -longitudinal O -muscle O -strip O -of O -the O -guinea O -pig O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -were O -performed O -with O -normal O -preparations O -and O -with O -muscle O -strips O -pretreated O -with O -a O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthesis O -inhibitor O -in O -order O -to O -prevent O -spontaneous O -rise O -of O -muscle O -tone O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -between O -1 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -diphenylmethoxy O -) O -ethyl O -) O -aziridine O -and O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -showed O -the O -former O -compound O -to O -have O -a O -slightly O -more O -rapid O -onset O -and O -a O -considerably O -more O -rapid O -decline O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -receptor O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -beta O -adrenergic O -receptor O -blockade O -, O -heparin B-Chemical -and O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -did O -not O -show O -any O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -35S O -- O -sulfate O -incorporation O -into O -acid O -mucopolysaccharides O -as O -influenced O -by O -5 O -% O -O2 O -hypoxia O -with O -simultaneous O -changes O -in O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and I-Chemical -H O -- O -ion O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Cell O -density O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -and O -acid O -mucopolysaccharides O -in O -1 O -% O -O2 O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -the O -role O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -in O -cell O -fusion O -and O -exocytosis O -and O -the O -function O -of O -the O -cell O -surface O -in O -the O -initiation O -of O -mitotic O -activity O -appear O -to O -have O -general O -applicability O -. O - -aps B-category -Homogenates O -from O -T O -. O -cruzi O -epimastigotes O -produced O -3 O -. O -4 O -pmoles O -H2O2 B-Chemical -/ O -min O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -cells O -, O -as O -detected O -by O -the O -cytochrome O -c O -peroxidase O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -supplemented O -with O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -the O -mitochondrial O -, O -microsomal O -and O -supernatant O -fractions O -produced O -H2O2 B-Chemical -, O -the O -soluble O -fraction O -and O -the O -mitochondrial O -membranes O -being O -apparently O -the O -main O -generators O -of O -H2O2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -several O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -, O -adreno O -- O -, O -sympatho O -- O -and O -cholinolytic O -substances O -on O -the O -development O -of O -experimental O -cerebral O -edema O -induced O -by O -nicotine B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -ascertained O -that O -marked O -antiedemic O -properties O -display O -drugs O -blocking O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreceptors O -( O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -dopegit O -) O -, O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -and O -central O -M O -- O -cholinolytics O -( O -benactizine O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Sympatho O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenolytics O -( O -guanethidine B-Chemical -, O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltyrosine I-Chemical -, O -obsidan O -) O -, O -and O -also O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -triphthazine O -fail O -to O -prevent O -the O -development O -of O -an O -experimental O -brain O -edema O -. O - -aps B-category -Clofelin O -- O -- O -2 O -- O -( O -2 O -, O -6 O -- O -dichlorphenylamino O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -imidasoline O -, O -an O -analoque O -of O -foreign O -- O -made O -clonidine B-Chemical -( O -St155 O -, O -catapresan O -, O -hemiton O -, O -etc O -) O -was O -subjected O -to O -a O -pharmacological O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -etaperazine O -and O -triftazine O -with O -model O -phospholipid O -membranes O -was O -investigated O -by O -using O -a O -3 O -- O -methoxybenzanthrone O -( O -MBA O -) O -fluorescent O -probe O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effective O -extinction O -of O -MBA O -by O -phenothiazine O -increased O -in O -the O -following O -order O -: O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -etaperazine O -, O -triftazine O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -bisbenzylisoquinoline B-Chemical -alkaloid O -has O -been O -isolated O -from O -a O -curare O -of O -the O -Upper O -Orinoco O -region O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -roentgen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -contrast I-Chemical -media I-Chemical -on O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -NADP O -' O -N O -and O -NAD O -' O -N O -- O -dependent O -electron O -- O -transport O -chains O -of O -the O -rats O -liver O -microsomes O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -dibenzepin O -hydrochloride O -on O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -oxidative O -phosphorylation O -of O -rat O -brain O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -same O -concentration O -this O -drug O -inhibits O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -of O -rat O -brain O -slices O -when O -calcium B-Chemical -is O -absent O -in O -the O -incubation O -or O -then O -contains O -an O -excess O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Infrared O -studies O -on O -ribonuclease O -A O -- O -mononucleotide O -complexes O -: O -ionization O -states O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonding O -of O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -a O -number O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -molecules O -on O -hepatic O -metabolism O -was O -determined O -in O -relationship O -to O -their O -ability O -to O -alter O -endotoxin O -lethality O -in O -intact O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Aldosterone O -and O -deoxycorticosterone B-Chemical -induced O -liver O -TP O -, O -TT O -and O -glycogen O -but O -did O -not O -protect O -against O -lethality O -. O - -aps B-category -Early O -studies O -with O -copper B-Chemical -suggested O -that O -few O -improvements O -in O -overall O -IUD O -performance O -could O -be O -obtained O -with O -the O -use O -of O -more O -than O -200 O -mm2 O -of O -copper B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -report O -of O -two O -studies O -of O -the O -small O -Copper O -- O -7 O -, O -one O -with O -zinc B-Chemical -and O -the O -other O -with O -copper B-Chemical -alone O -, O -suggests O -that O -the O -addition O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -in O -the O -superior O -position O -of O -the O -small O -Cu O -- O -7 O -decreases O -the O -incidence O -of O -pregnancy O -and O -that O -the O -small O -Cu O -- O -7 O -may O -be O -associated O -with O -higher O -retention O -rates O -than O -the O -standard O -Cu O -- O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -Iron B-Chemical -deficiency O -anaemia O -in O -a O -rural O -area O -in O -Nigeria O -. O - -aps B-category -Parenteral O -iron B-Chemical -gave O -statistically O -significant O -rise O -in O -the O -PCV O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -in O -those O -who O -received O -iron B-Chemical -therapy O -compared O -with O -control O -group O -with O -no O -iron B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F2alpha O -in O -the O -management O -of O -missed O -abortion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -early O -phase O -of O -diaplacental O -transfer O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -39 O -women O -given O -the O -drug O -as O -a O -basic O -anaesthetic O -for O -operative O -vaginal O -delivery O -indicated O -by O -prolonged O -second O -stage O -of O -labour O -( O -9 O -cases O -) O -, O -breech O -delivery O -( O -19 O -cases O -) O -and O -intrauterine O -hypoxia O -( O -11 O -cases O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -was O -extracted O -with O -diethyl O -ether B-Chemical -and O -determined O -by O -gas O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Alterations O -in O -serum O -naphthylamidase O -isoenzymes O -were O -studied O -by O -electrophoretic O -and O -quantitative O -methods O -in O -women O -treated O -with O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -and O -women O -treated O -with O -naturally O -occurring O -conjugated B-Chemical -estrogens I-Chemical -for O -climacteric O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -result O -suggests O -that O -combined B-Chemical -oral I-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -and O -natural O -estrogens B-Chemical -affect O -the O -serum O -naphthylamidase O -pattern O -in O -different O -ways O -. O - -aps B-category -Perforation O -of O -the O -uterus O -by O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -IUDs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Copper O -- O -T O -was O -responsible O -for O -3 O -corporal O -perforations O -and O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -for O -2 O -corporal O -and O -1 O -cervical O -perforation O -. O - -aps B-category -Interrelationships O -between O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -, O -and O -cyclic O -AMP O -in O -gastric O -secretion O -: O -a O -hypothesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -acting O -on O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -- O -associated O -adenylate O -cyclase O -stimulates O -cyclic O -AMP O -formation O -and O -consequently O -secretion O -of O -hydrochloric O -acid O -in O -oxyntic O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -this O -effect O -, O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -endoperoxides O -may O -inhibit O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -cyclic O -AMP O -formation O -in O -oxyntic O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -with O -Cl O -- O -- O -free O -solutions O -( O -PD O -is O -inverted O -) O -there O -is O -a O -precise O -linear O -relationship O -between O -the O -PD O -and O -the O -H O -+ O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -pressure O -was O -recorded O -from O -the O -aorta O -of O -the O -dog O -and O -the O -caudal O -artery O -of O -rat O -via O -indwelling O -catheter O -, O -and O -heart O -rate O -of O -the O -dog O -was O -recorded O -by O -a O -cardiotachometer O -triggered O -by O -R O -waves O -of O -the O -lead B-Chemical -II O -electrocardiogram O -. O - -aps B-category -Kö O -1400 O -, O -tiprenolol O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -hypotension O -and O -tachycardia O -induced O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -at O -an O -oral O -dose O -level O -of O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -or O -more O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -half O -life O -of O -tiprenolol O -was O -longer O -than O -that O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -that O -of O -Kö O -1400 O -was O -shorter O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanical O -efficiency O -of O -the O -heart O -improved O -after O -Kö O -1400 O -, O -while O -it O -lessened O -after O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -of O -the O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -FFA O -) O -by O -the O -heart O -was O -increased O -by O -Kö O -1400 O -and O -the O -myocardial O -redox O -potential O -improved O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -complication O -of O -our O -results O -suggests O -that O -increment O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -rat O -brain O -after O -gamma O -- O -oryzanol O -plays O -a O -role O -in O -the O -above O -mentioned O -actions O -. O - -aps B-category -Dobutamine B-Chemical -( O -DOB O -) O -showed O -a O -dose O -dependent O -positive O -introphic O -effect O -on O -the O -right O -ventricular O -muscle O -of O -vagotomized O -Beagle O -dogs O -under O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Though O -the O -positive O -inotropic O -effect O -of O -DOB O -was O -slightly O -decreased O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -such O -was O -almost O -completely O -antagonized O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Clinical O -picture O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diagnosis O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -acidosis O -is O -complicated O -by O -the O -fact O -that O -lactate B-Chemical -determination O -is O -not O -a O -routine O -method O -in O -clinical O -chemistry O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -diseases O -are O -accompanied O -by O -a O -lactate B-Chemical -emia O -or O -even O -by O -lactate B-Chemical -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -main O -diseases O -complicated O -by O -increased O -blood O -lactate B-Chemical -concentrations O -are O -shock O -, O -circulatory O -collapse O -, O -cardiac O -failure O -and O -peripheral O -circularoty O -disturbance O -. O - -aps B-category -Cryptorchidism O -was O -induced O -experimentally O -by O -treating O -pregnant O -mice O -on O -the O -14th O -day O -of O -pregnancy O -with O -5 O -mg O -estrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -male O -mouse O -offspring O -, O -prenatal O -estrogen B-Chemical -injection O -induced O -not O -only O -a O -cryptorchidism O -but O -also O -Leydig O -cell O -atrophy O -and O -a O -permanently O -impaired O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Luteinizing B-Chemical -hormone I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -hormone O -( O -LH O -- O -RH O -) O -, O -first O -synthetized O -in O -1971 O -; O -became O -soon O -available O -for O -clinical O -purposes O -and O -was O -immediately O -used O -as O -a O -diagnostic O -tool O -in O -children O -and O -adolescents O -as O -well O -as O -in O -adults O -. O - -aps B-category -Mouse O -interferon B-Chemical -induced O -by O -ultraviolet O -- O -irradiated O -Newcastle O -disease O -virus O -or O -polyriboinosinic O -- O -polyribocytidylic O -acid O -in O -T O -lymphocytes O -, O -B O -lymphocytes O -, O -macrophages O -, O -and O -primary O -mouse O -embryonic O -cell O -culture O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Interferons O -produced O -by O -T O -and O -B O -lymphocytes O -consisted O -primarily O -of O -component O -1 O -( O -unbound O -fraction O -) O -, O -whereas O -interferons O -produced O -by O -macrophages O -or O -mouse O -embryo O -cells O -consisted O -primarily O -of O -component O -3 O -( O -eluted O -by O -0 O -. O -5 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Components O -2 O -and O -3 O -were O -heat O -labile O -and O -of O -high O -antigenicity O -against O -ALI O -, O -properties O -characteristic O -of O -macrophage O -and O -mouse O -embryo O -cell O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -different O -carbon B-Chemical -sources O -were O -examined O -for O -their O -ability O -to O -control O -synthesis O -of O -heat O -- O -stable O -enterotoxin O -( O -ST O -) O -by O -enterotoxigenic O -( O -ENT O -+ O -) O -Escherichia O -coli O -grown O -in O -either O -a O -defined O -medium O -containing O -four O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -or O -a O -minimal O -salts O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -results O -were O -obtained O -using O -a O -minimal O -salts O -medium O -, O -except O -with O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -which O -did O -not O -support O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -repression O -of O -beta O -- O -galactosidase O -synthesis O -under O -conditions O -optimal O -for O -inhibition O -of O -ST O -synthesis O -was O -also O -reversed O -by O -exogenous O -cyclic B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -inducer O -isopropyl O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -thiogalactopyranoside O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -comparing O -the O -specific O -activity O -of O -enzymes O -pertaining O -to O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -crude O -extracts O -of O -cultivated O -M O -. O -lepraemurium O -and O -M O -. O -smegmatis O -, O -it O -was O -found O -that O -: O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relation O -between O -this O -peculiar O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesizing O -enzyme O -system O -of O -M O -. O -lepraemurium O -and O -its O -extremely O -sluggish O -growth O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -treatment O -resulted O -in O -disappearance O -of O -the O -galactorrhea O -and O -restoration O -of O -the O -menses O -and O -/ O -or O -ovulation O -in O -nine O -of O -18 O -patients O -; O -of O -these O -three O -became O -pregnant O -. O - -aps B-category -Gonadotropin O -treatment O -was O -successful O -in O -20 O -patients O -, O -clomiphene B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hCG I-Chemical -in O -two O -, O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -in O -two O -, O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -in O -two O -, O -and O -combined O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -and O -clomiphene B-Chemical -in O -one O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -56 O -patients O -, O -amenorrhea O -began O -after O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -ceased O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -infertility O -should O -be O -treated O -1st O -with O -clomiphene B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -human I-Chemical -chorionic O -gonadotropin O -or O -tamoxifen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -ovulation O -with O -exogenous O -gonadotropin O -was O -carried O -out O -for O -patients O -who O -did O -not O -respond O -to O -clomiphene B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -the O -administration O -of O -the O -D O -- O -Trp6 O -- O -LH O -- O -RH O -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -levels O -were O -maintained O -above O -the O -normal O -values O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -excretion O -of O -uricine O -or O -yellowish O -- O -red O -pigment O -from O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -stones O -and O -its O -binding O -by O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -seems O -to O -affect O -the O -precipitation O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Uricine O -excretion O -was O -increased O -in O -11 O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -stone O -formers O -, O -whereas O -it O -was O -normal O -in O -the O -rest O -of O -the O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -stimulates O -acid O -secretion O -by O -the O -parietal O -cell O -and O -this O -secretion O -is O -inhibited O -by O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -burimamide O -, O -metiamide O -and O -cimetidine B-Chemical -were O -labelled O -with O -35S O -, O -14C O -or O -3H O -and O -dosed O -to O -rats O -, O -whole O -body O -autoradiography O -showed O -that O -the O -stomach O -was O -predominantly O -labelled O -in O -the O -glandular O -mucosa O -from O -5 O -to O -120 O -min O -after O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Bacterial O -metabolism O -of O -anthracycline B-Chemical -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -progesterone B-Chemical -levels O -on O -Day O -11 O -and O -observations O -made O -at O -laparotomy O -indicated O -that O -only O -1 O -gilt O -3 O -months O -of O -age O -failed O -to O -ovulate O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluorimetric O -determination O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -and O -epicillin O -. O - -aps B-category -Ventilation O -for O -1 O -min O -with O -N2 O -resulted O -in O -an O -increased O -rise O -in O -pH O -for O -the O -benzolamide O -- O -treated O -animals O -but O -a O -decreased O -fall O -in O -pH O -for O -the O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphatase I-Chemical -( O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphohydrolase I-Chemical -and O -its O -associated O -phosphotransferase O -activities O -) O -was O -determined O -in O -brain O -tissue O -and O -in O -several O -preparations O -derived O -from O -brain O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pattern O -of O -uptake O -of O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -in O -four O -cell O -lines O -was O -shown O -to O -involve O -transport O -of O -the O -analog O -across O -the O -cell O -membrane O -that O -was O -more O -rapid O -than O -the O -subsequent O -phosphorylation O -of O -the O -sugar O -in O -the O -intracellular O -compartment O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -differences O -could O -be O -found O -between O -the O -cells O -in O -these O -two O -categories O -with O -respect O -to O -amount O -or O -localization O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphatase I-Chemical -, O -ability O -to O -phosphorylate O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -O I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -, O -or O -ability O -to O -phosphorylate O -extracellular O -and O -intracellular O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphatase I-Chemical -thus O -probably O -has O -no O -major O -role O -in O -the O -phosphorylation O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -brain O -cells O -, O -but O -acts O -in O -the O -more O -conventional O -sense O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -Mast O -cell O -binding O -of O -neurotensin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -mast O -cells O -specifically O -and O -reversibly O -bound O -1 O -. O -27 O -pmol O -of O -neurotensin B-Chemical -/ O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -cells O -with O -a O -reversible O -affinity O -, O -KD O -, O -of O -154 O -nM O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -binding O -of O -125I B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -neurotensin I-Chemical -occurred O -within O -10 O -min O -at O -0 O -degrees O -, O -and O -within O -1 O -. O -5 O -to O -2 O -min O -binding O -was O -reduced O -to O -half O -- O -maximum O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -excess O -unlabeled O -neurotensin B-Chemical -or O -upon O -20 O -- O -fold O -dilution O -in O -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -EDTA O -inhibited O -the O -binding O -only O -at O -high O -concentrations O -and O -no O -requirement O -was O -found O -for O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -, O -ATP O -, O -or O -a O -glycoprotein O -in O -the O -binding O -of O -neurotensin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -RNA O -synthesis O -was O -inhibited O -by O -ethidium O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -rifampicin B-Chemical -, O -acriflavine B-Chemical -, O -actinomycin O -D O -, O -and O -caffeine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -by O -alpha O -- O -amanitine O -or O -rifamycin O -SV O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -the O -nucleus O -in O -bringing O -about O -the O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -TAT O -) O -by O -glucocorticosteroid O -hormone O -and O -its O -deinduction O -upon O -steroid B-Chemical -removal O -has O -been O -studied O -in O -enucleated O -rat O -hepatoma O -tissue O -culture O -cells O -( O -FU5 O -- O -5 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subsequent O -constant O -level O -of O -activity O -seems O -due O -to O -maintenance O -rather O -than O -synthesis O -and O -degradation O -since O -it O -is O -not O -affected O -by O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -gelation O -occurred O -in O -a O -solution O -containing O -2 O -. O -5 O -mM O -ethylene O -glycol O -- O -bis O -( O -beta O -- O -aminoethyl O -ether B-Chemical -) O -N O -, O -N O -, O -N O -' O -, O -N O -' O -- O -tetraacetate O -( O -EGTA O -) O -, O -2 O -. O -5 O -mM O -piperazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -' O -- O -bis O -[ O -2 O -- O -ethane O -sulfonic O -acid O -] O -( O -PIPES O -) O -, O -1 O -mM O -MgC1 O -( O -2 O -) O -, O -1 O -mM O -ATP O -, O -and O -20 O -mM O -KCI O -at O -ph O -7 O -. O -0 O -( O -relaxation O -solution O -) O -, O -while O -micromolar O -levels O -of O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -inhibited O -gelation O -. O - -aps B-category -Identification O -and O -quantification O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -metabolites O -produced O -by O -the O -components O -of O -human O -fetal O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -identify O -and O -to O -quantify O -the O -metabolites O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -produced O -by O -the O -components O -of O -the O -human O -fetal O -membranes O -, O -amnion O -and O -chorion O -laeve O -tissues O -and O -homogenates O -were O -incubated O -with O -[ O -3H O -] O -progesterone B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -added O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Different O -conditions O -of O -pH O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -molarity O -were O -required O -to O -obtain O -satisfactory O -elution O -profiles O -and O -separations O -for O -Western O -equine O -encephalomyelitis O -virus O -strains O -, O -compared O -with O -Eastern O -equine O -encephalomyelitis O -virus O -and O -Semliki O -Forest O -virus O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -Elution O -profiles O -were O -not O -affected O -by O -0 O -. O -85 O -% O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -10 O -% O -fetal O -calf O -serum O -, O -or O -1 O -% O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -, O -which O -are O -common O -constituents O -of O -virus O -- O -stabilizing O -diluents O -. O - -aps B-category -Exposure O -of O -BHK O -21 O -c O -/ O -13 O -to O -brief O -periods O -of O -low O -power O -sonication O -gives O -cell O -preparations O -with O -greater O -basal O -, O -fluoride B-Chemical -and O -hormone O -sensitive O -adenylyl O -cyclase O -activites O -than O -those O -of O -broken O -cell O -preparations O -of O -homogenized O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -buffered O -lignocaine B-Chemical -solution O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -acute O -inflammation O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -effects O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -in O -a O -hemodialysis O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenothiazine O -phototoxicity O -: O -toxic O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -photoproducts O -. O - -aps B-category -Nonphototoxic O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -and O -related O -tricyclic O -drugs O -failed O -to O -change O -their O -pH O -following O -irradiation O -whereas O -phototoxic O -compounds O -behaved O -like O -CPZ O -. O - -aps B-category -Hb O -G O -San O -Jose O -( O -beta7 O -glu O -leads O -to O -gly O -) O -was O -studied O -with O -respect O -to O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -, O -Bohr O -effect O -, O -surface O -activity O -in O -dilute O -aqueous O -solutions O -, O -mechanical O -precipitability O -, O -heat O -stability O -and O -its O -ability O -to O -copolymerize O -in O -the O -deoxy O -form O -with O -Hb O -S O -. O -Oxygen O -affinity O -, O -Bohr O -effect O -, O -and O -polymerization O -with O -Hb O -S O -were O -found O -to O -be O -identical O -to O -those O -of O -Hb O -A O -when O -studied O -under O -the O -same O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Ehrlich O -cells O -grown O -in O -mice O -fed O -coconut O -oil O -diets O -( O -highly O -saturated O -) O -contain O -about O -twice O -as O -much O -cholesteryl B-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -as O -those O -grown O -in O -mice O -fed O -sunflower O -oil O -diets O -( O -highly O -polyunsaturated O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -ACAT O -activity O -was O -noted O -in O -M O -( O -c O -) O -with O -either O -[ O -1 O -- O -( O -14 O -) O -C O -] O -palmitoyl O -CoA O -or O -[ O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -( O -3 O -) O -H O -] O -cholesterol B-Chemical -as O -the O -labeled O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -phospholipid O -contents O -of O -M O -( O -c O -) O -and O -M O -( O -s O -) O -were O -similar O -, O -but O -their O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -compositions O -differed O -considerably O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -indicate O -that O -dietary O -modification O -of O -the O -microsomal O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -is O -associated O -with O -alterations O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -ACAT O -, O -an O -enzyme O -that O -is O -tightly O -bound O -to O -the O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -valproate I-Chemical -on O -plasma O -protein O -binding O -of O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Mouse O -spinal O -cord O -( O -SC O -) O -cells O -in O -dissociated O -cell O -cultures O -showed O -strong O -electrophysiologic O -responses O -to O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -when O -these O -were O -iontophoretically O -applied O -to O -the O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -are O -interpreted O -as O -indicating O -different O -ionic O -mechanisms O -for O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -response O -and O -the O -EPSP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -course O -of O -the O -glycine B-Chemical -and O -GABA B-Chemical -responses O -were O -quite O -different O -from O -each O -other O -, O -however O -. O - -aps B-category -Release O -of O -excitatory O -and O -inhibitory O -transmitter O -could O -be O -elicited O -by O -focal O -application O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -, O -in O -favorable O -instances O -, O -this O -could O -be O -shown O -to O -be O -due O -to O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -presynaptic O -terminals O -to O -the O -applied O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Early O -effects O -of O -hypervitaminosis O -A O -on O -gluconeogenic O -activity O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -metabolizing O -enzymes O -of O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -stimulation O -of O -hepatic O -gluconeogenesis O -in O -hypervitaminosis O -A O -was O -indicated O -by O -the O -increased O -incorporation O -of O -14C O -- O -labeled O -alanine B-Chemical -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -into O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -glycogen O -by O -liver O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantities O -of O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -are O -also O -produced O -in O -the O -foregut O -where O -the O -pH O -may O -vary O -from O -2 O -to O -5 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Isonicotinyloxycarbonyl O -, O -a O -novel O -amino B-Chemical -protecting O -group O -for O -peptide O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -vehicle O -composition O -on O -ocular O -penetration O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -the O -albino O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -absorption O -at O -neutral O -to O -slightly O -alkaline O -pH O -was O -due O -primarily O -to O -its O -peculiar O -solubility O -characteristics O -coupled O -with O -less O -irritation O -and O -lacrimation O -rather O -than O -a O -direct O -pH O -effect O -on O -the O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -this O -increase O -was O -determined O -to O -be O -a O -higher O -effective O -concentration O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -in O -the O -ointment O -vehicle O -coupled O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -contact O -time O -of O -the O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -adsorption O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -on O -insoluble O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -Langmuir O -adsorption O -isotherm O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -and O -the O -maximum O -adsorption O -capacity O -of O -tribasic O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -were O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitrofurantoin O -solubility O -in O -aqueous O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -rat O -tracheal O -smooth O -muscle O -became O -considerably O -less O -sensitive O -to O -the O -relaxing O -action O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -after O -being O -incubated O -with O -5 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -for O -30 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggested O -that O -propranolol B-Chemical -by O -occupying O -the O -beta O -adrenergic O -receptor O -prevented O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -from O -binding O -to O -this O -receptor O -, O -thereby O -preventing O -the O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -desensitization O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggested O -that O -the O -beta O -receptor O -is O -specifically O -involved O -in O -the O -desensitization O -induced O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -there O -appeared O -to O -be O -no O -positive O -indication O -of O -a O -very O -large O -change O -in O -the O -apparent O -intrinsic O -activity O -of O -the O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -in O -the O -desensitized O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -provide O -strong O -evidence O -that O -one O -demonstrable O -cellular O -change O -that O -occurs O -in O -the O -desensitized O -tissue O -is O -a O -pronounced O -reduction O -in O -the O -affinity O -of O -the O -beta O -receptors O -for O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dipivalyl O -derivatives O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -were O -injected O -intravenously O -into O -conscious O -dogs O -while O -cardiovascular O -variables O -were O -monitored O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -catecholamines B-Chemical -were O -more O -potent O -than O -their O -derivatives O -; O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -was O -28 O -times O -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -15 O -times O -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -1 O -. O -7 O -times O -as O -effective O -as O -their O -respective O -dipivalyl O -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -other O -evidence O -indicates O -that O -the O -dipivalyl O -derivatives O -themselves O -are O -inactive O -, O -our O -results O -suggest O -that O -these O -compounds O -act O -as O -prodrugs O -that O -exert O -their O -cardiovascular O -effects O -only O -after O -they O -are O -biotransformed O -to O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -gas O -tensions O -, O -pH O -, O -packed O -cell O -volume O -( O -PCV O -) O -and O -the O -levels O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -fructose O -and O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -conscious O -pigs O -were O -followed O -in O -foetal O -and O -maternal O -bloods O -during O -late O -pregnancy O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Daily O -changes O -in O -maternal O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -levels O -were O -associated O -with O -smaller O -changes O -in O -foetal O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -fructose O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Over O -- O -all O -relationships O -between O -maternal O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -foetal O -blood O -fructose O -concentrations O -were O -masked O -by O -the O -independent O -fall O -in O -foetal O -fructose O -levels O -with O -age O -. O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -Ion O -- O -sensitive O -electrodes O -( O -made O -with O -a O -chloride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -ion O -- O -exchange O -resin O -) O -were O -used O -to O -measure O -the O -internal O -chloride B-Chemical -activity O -( O -a O -( O -i O -) O -( O -Cl O -) O -) O -of O -frog O -sartorius O -fibres O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -. O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -measurements O -of O -a O -( O -i O -) O -( O -Cl O -) O -were O -obtained O -from O -the O -potential O -difference O -between O -the O -chloride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -electrode O -and O -an O -intracellular O -indifferent O -micro O -- O -electrode O -filled O -with O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -solutions O -containing O -15 O -mM O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -and O -gassed O -with O -5 O -% O -CO O -( O -2 O -) O -, O -pH O -( O -i O -) O -was O -6 O -. O -9 O -, O -corresponding O -to O -an O -internal O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -7 O -. O -6 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -/ O -CO O -( O -2 O -) O -in O -the O -external O -solution O -was O -replaced O -by O -HEPES O -/ O -pure O -O O -( O -2 O -) O -at O -constant O -pH O -, O -then O -pH O -( O -i O -) O -rose O -from O -6 O -. O -88 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -02 O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -S O -. O -E O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -in O -solution O -made O -hypertonic O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -solid O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -( O -high B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -solution O -) O -E O -( O -Cl O -) O -became O -negative O -to O -E O -( O -m O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -chloride B-Chemical -permeability O -( O -P O -( O -Cl O -) O -) O -was O -reduced O -by O -the O -use O -of O -acid O -solution O -, O -E O -( O -Cl O -) O -moved O -positive O -to O -E O -( O -m O -) O -indicating O -an O -accumulation O -of O -internal O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -- O -( O -Acylaminomethyl O -- O -, O -ureidomethyl O -- O -, O -and O -ureidoethylphenoxy O -) O -- B-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propanols I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -compounds O -were O -screened O -as O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -antagonists O -in O -cats O -and O -their O -partial O -agonist O -activity O -was O -evaluated O -in O -rats O -depleted O -of O -circulating O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -search O -for O -new O -selective O -bronchodilators O -, O -three O -2 O -- O -pyridylethanolamines O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -2 O -- O -tert O -- O -butylamino O -- O -1 O -- O -( O -5 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -2 O -- O -pyridyl O -) O -ethanol B-Chemical -( O -2b O -) O -, O -a O -related O -6 O -- O -methylsulfonylmethyl O -( O -2c O -) O -, O -and O -, O -a O -6 O -- O -methyl O -( O -2d O -) O -derivative O -, O -were O -prepared O -. O - -aps B-category -Replacement O -of O -the O -benzylic O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -group O -of O -N O -- O -tert O -- O -butylnorepinephrine O -with O -a O -hydroxymethyl O -substituent O -affords O -a O -propanolamine O -homologue O -which O -retains O -a O -high O -degree O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonist O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -series O -replacement O -of O -the O -catecholic O -m B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyl I-Chemical -group O -with O -the O -indicated O -substituents O -usually O -resulted O -in O -compounds O -with O -increased O -selectivity O -for O -tracheobronchial O -vs O -. O -cardiac O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -these O -enzymes O -with O -respect O -to O -phosphate B-Chemical -donor O -specificity O -, O -pH O -optima O -, O -thermostability O -, O -and O -salt B-Chemical -inhibition O -showed O -the O -HCMV O -- O -stimulated O -TKs O -to O -be O -of O -cellular O -origin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -nonpermissive O -mouse O -lymphoid O -cell O -line O -L1210 O -lacked O -specific O -viral O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -) O -An O -oral O -dose O -of O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -phenoxybenzamine O -or O -E O -- O -643 O -almost O -completely O -reversed O -pressor O -response O -to O -adrenaline B-Chemical -( O -2 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -alpha O -- O -blockers O -reduced O -pressor O -response O -to O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -2 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -The O -combined O -treatment O -of O -these O -alpha O -- O -blockers O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -completely O -abolished O -the O -cardiac O -stimulating O -effect O -of O -the O -alpha O -- O -blockers O -and O -resulted O -in O -a O -definite O -reduction O -in O -blood O -pressure O -of O -NWR O -and O -potentiated O -the O -hypotensive O -effect O -of O -alpha O -- O -blockers O -in O -SHR O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -protease O -( O -SHP O -) O -was O -purified O -from O -a O -culture O -of O -Clostridium O -botulinum O -type O -F O -. O -The O -enzyme O -can O -activate O -type O -E O -progenitor O -toxin O -completely O -but O -type O -B O -progenitor O -toxin O -only O -partially O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -elevated O -PAp O -was O -always O -significantly O -reduced O -by O -oxygen B-Chemical -therapy O -or O -IPPB O -or O -the O -combination O -of O -both O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -slight O -increase O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -was O -also O -observed O -in O -the O -blood O -outflowing O -from O -the O -liver O -and O -kidneys O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -gentle O -heating O -, O -acetone O -, O -and O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -reagent O -bis O -( O -4 O -- O -fluoro O -- O -3 O -- O -nitrophenyl O -) O -sulfone O -on O -the O -ATPase O -activity O -and O -pellet O -height O -response O -of O -tetrahymena O -cilia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -initial O -therapy O -of O -life O -- O -threatening O -infections O -in O -which O -a O -bacterial O -cause O -is O -suspected O -, O -the O -emphasis O -should O -be O -on O -broad O -antibiotic O -coverage O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -definitive O -therapy O -, O -which O -is O -dependent O -on O -microbial O -isolation O -and O -, O -when O -indicated O -, O -in O -vitro O -susceptibility O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -somatostatin O -and O -of O -prolyl O -- O -leucyl O -- O -glycinamide O -( O -MIF O -) O -on O -ACTH B-Chemical -release O -in O -dispersed O -pituitary O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -by O -causing O -about O -a O -fourfold O -increase O -of O -enzyme O -activity O -, O -was O -more O -potent O -than O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -about O -2 O -. O -5 O -- O -- O -3 O -. O -0 O -- O -fold O -stimulation O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulatory O -actions O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -and O -beta2 O -- O -adrenergic O -agonists O -were O -competitively O -inhibited O -by O -the O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agent O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -compound O -, O -however O -, O -was O -less O -potent O -than O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -normal O -volunteers O -received O -single O -oral O -doses O -of O -2 O -and O -4 O -mg O -BS O -100 O -- O -141 O -, O -0 O -. O -15 O -and O -0 O -. O -30 O -mg O -clonidine B-Chemical -in O -a O -randomized O -, O -crossover O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Hydrogenase O -activity O -of O -the O -thermophilic O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxidizing I-Chemical -bacterium O -Pseudomonas O -thermophila O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stability O -increases O -in O -the O -atmosphere O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -p O -- O -chloromercuribenzoate O -on O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -the O -food O -yeast O -Candida O -tropicalis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -was O -inhibited O -by O -pCMB O -, O -the O -degree O -of O -inhibition O -depending O -on O -the O -presence O -of O -bivalent O -cations O -of O -metals O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -assays O -were O -based O -on O -the O -esterification O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -to O -tRNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Arginine O -, O -methionine B-Chemical -and O -proline O -synthetases O -show O -sigmoidal O -kinetics O -with O -respect O -to O -mixed O -tRNA O -solutions O -and O -have O -Hill O -coefficients O -of O -1 O -. O -30 O -, O -1 O -. O -10 O -and O -1 O -. O -20 O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -monoaminergic O -neurones O -secrete O -neurotransmitters O -, O -of O -which O -three O -are O -presently O -known O -: O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -effects O -of O -antacids O -, O -cimetidine B-Chemical -and O -enteric O -coating O -on O -the O -therapeutic O -response O -to O -oral O -enzymes O -in O -severe O -pancreatic O -insufficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combination O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -( O -an O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -) O -and O -pancreatin O -, O -each O -given O -by O -mouth O -, O -produced O -significantly O -higher O -postprandial O -duodenal O -recoveries O -and O -concentrations O -of O -trypsin O -and O -lipase O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Tricyclic O -antidepressant B-Chemical -drugs O -block O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -receptor O -in O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -compounds O -did O -not O -restore O -transmission O -in O -OmMCa2 O -+ O -solutions O -but O -rather O -produced O -contractures O -that O -were O -inhibited O -by O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -actions O -are O -postulated O -to O -arise O -from O -an O -inhibitory O -action O -on O -potassium B-Chemical -conductance O -and O -on O -an O -ability O -to O -release O -calcium B-Chemical -from O -nerve O -and O -muscle O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -db O -cAMP B-Chemical -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -of O -ganglia O -and O -nerve O -endings O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -was O -not O -blocked O -by O -the O -protein O -synthesis O -inhibitor O -, O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -potency O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -on O -the O -hydroxylation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -was O -also O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -Preincubation O -of O -cervical O -ganglia O -for O -4 O -h O -with O -db O -cAMP B-Chemical -increased O -activity O -of O -decarboxylase O -and O -monoamine O -oxidase O -in O -tissue O -homogenates O -without O -changing O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -tolerant O -/ O -dependent O -rats O -were O -tested O -for O -their O -sensitivity O -to O -putative O -neurotransmitters O -or O -other O -receptor O -agonists O -injected O -intracerebroventricularly O -( O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -, O -apomorphine B-Chemical -, O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -were O -found O -to O -reinitiate O -withdrawal O -jumping O -behaviour O -when O -injected O -30 O -min O -after O -naloxone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -injection O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -or O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -failed O -to O -reinitiate O -withdrawal O -jumping O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -tolerance O -and O -dependence O -therefore O -appears O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -changes O -in O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -CNS O -to O -putative O -neurotransmitter O -substances O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -administration O -of O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -in O -rheumatology O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -elevation O -of O -plasma O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -levels O -found O -in O -prehypertensive O -SHR O -, O -a O -probable O -indication O -of O -peripheral O -sympathetic O -activation O -, O -disappeared O -after O -the O -bilateral O -removal O -of O -the O -celiac O -ganglion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diagnosis O -of O -type O -II O -tyrosinaemia O -was O -based O -upon O -an O -increase O -of O -blood O -tyrosine B-Chemical -( O -14 O -- O -16mg O -/ O -100 O -ml O -) O -, O -tyrosinuria O -and O -absence O -of O -liver O -and O -kidney O -abnormalities O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Suppression O -of O -the O -antihypertensive O -effect O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -by O -the O -simultaneous O -intake O -of O -a O -tricyclic O -antidepressive O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Study O -of O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -system O -carried O -out O -on O -a O -normal O -sodium B-Chemical -diet O -, O -after O -stopping O -all O -anti O -- O -hypertensive O -treatment O -for O -at O -least O -15 O -days O -, O -was O -combined O -with O -the O -anti O -- O -hypertensive O -response O -under O -the O -influence O -of O -a O -beta O -- O -blocker O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Q O -nucleosides B-Chemical -isolated O -from O -rabbit O -liver O -tRNA O -are O -known O -to O -have O -sugars O -( O -mannose O -or O -galactose B-Chemical -) O -linked O -to O -their O -cyclopentene O -diol O -moiety O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -, O -together O -with O -the O -anomeric O -configuration O -of O -mannose O -in O -Q O -nucleoside B-Chemical -, O -indicate O -that O -no O -lipid O -intermediate O -is O -involved O -in O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -Q O -nucleoside B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -several O -compounds O -activating O -or O -producing O -hypofunction O -of O -the O -serotonergic O -system O -was O -studied O -on O -the O -convulsive O -threshold O -and O -anticonvulsive O -action O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -( O -chlordiazepoxide O -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -oxazepam B-Chemical -, O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -) O -in O -the O -pentylenetetrazol B-Chemical -test O -. O - -aps B-category -p O -- O -Chlorophenylalanine O -and O -methergoline O -did O -not O -affect O -, O -but O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -enhanced O -the O -anticonvulsive O -action O -of O -most O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypermotility O -produced O -by O -apomorphine B-Chemical -was O -antagonized O -only O -by O -aceperone O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenoxybenzamine O -and O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -to O -a O -smaller O -degree O -aceperone O -, O -inhibited O -the O -depletion O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -following O -pretreatment O -of O -rats O -with O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltyrosine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -previous O -ivtr O -administration O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -100 O -and O -500 O -microgram O -) O -, O -alprenolol O -( O -100 O -microgram O -) O -, O -sotalol B-Chemical -( O -100 O -microgram O -) O -, O -( O -- O -) O -INPEA O -( O -100 O -microgram O -) O -, O -( O -+ O -) O -INPEA O -( O -100 O -microgram O -) O -, O -Ko O -1366 O -( O -100 O -and O -200 O -microgram O -) O -, O -or O -practolol O -( O -20 O -microgram O -) O -abolishes O -the O -hypertensive O -action O -of O -NA O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -they O -do O -not O -allow O -to O -monitor O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -RT O -to O -tetracycline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -chromatographic O -- O -spectrophotometric O -method O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -H O -+ O -and O -OH O -- O -ions O -on O -the O -rate O -of O -hydrolysis O -of O -rolitetracycline O -( O -RT O -) O -to O -tetracycline B-Chemical -( O -T O -) O -at O -20degreeC O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -electrophoresis O -through O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -3 O -, O -it O -migrates O -toward O -the O -anode O -and O -stains O -with O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Schiff I-Chemical -reagent O -, O -suggesting O -that O -it O -is O -acidic O -and O -glycoprotein O -in O -nature O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -no O -action O -on O -cytidine O -2 O -' O -: O -3 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -phosphate B-Chemical -or O -uridine B-Chemical -2 O -' O -: O -3 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -By O -fractionation O -of O -purine B-Chemical -compounds O -( O -sorbtion O -on O -the O -cation O -exchange O -resin O -KU O -- O -2 O -( O -H O -+ O -) O -, O -extraction O -, O -precipitation O -of O -purine B-Chemical -compounds O -as O -Ag O -- O -complexes O -) O -a O -" O -purine B-Chemical -fraction O -" O -of O -the O -culture O -liquid O -epiphytic O -bacteria O -No O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Metabolism O -of O -sex O -steroid B-Chemical -hormones O -in O -neuroendocrine O -organs O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolism O -of O -tritium O -- O -labeled O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -delta4 O -- O -androstane O -- O -3 O -, O -17 O -- O -dion O -, O -dihydrotestosterone O -. O - -aps B-category -Organ O -and O -sexual O -specificity O -of O -the O -androgen B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -the O -hypophyses O -and O -the O -epiphyses O -was O -quantitative O -in O -character O -: O -the O -metabolism O -level O -of O -all O -the O -androgens B-Chemical -was O -greater O -in O -female O -rats O -than O -in O -the O -male O -both O -in O -the O -hypophysis O -and O -in O -the O -epiphyses O -; O -the O -activity O -of O -5 O -- O -reductase O -was O -lower O -in O -the O -epiphyses O -of O -animals O -of O -the O -both O -sexes O -than O -in O -the O -hypophyses O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -marked O -non O -- O -linear O -behavior O -is O -characteristic O -of O -a O -quantum O -mechanical O -tunneling O -event O -such O -as O -the O -translocation O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Deuterium O -- O -exchanged O -rhodopsin O -, O -in O -which O -the O -Schiff O -base O -hydrogen B-Chemical -is O -replaced O -by O -a O -deuterium O -, O -also O -shows O -a O -marked O -non O -- O -Arrhenius O -temperature O -dependence O -at O -low O -temperatures O -, O -consistent O -with O -tunneling O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -glutamate B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -membrane O -vesicles O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -: O -the O -role O -of O -ion O -gradients O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -uptake O -can O -also O -be O -driven O -by O -a O -prearranged O -sodium B-Chemical -gradient O -( O -out O -to O -in O -) O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -an O -energy O -source O -or O -a O -protonmotive O -force O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -uptake O -due O -to O -a O -prearranged O -sodium B-Chemical -gradient O -or O -lactate B-Chemical -oxidation O -is O -inhibited O -by O -monensin O -but O -not O -by O -nigericin O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -flux O -is O -driven O -by O -a O -chemical O -gradient O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -that O -is O -created O -by O -the O -protonmotive O -force O -generated O -by O -respiration O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -multienzyme O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -complex O -isolated O -from O -Brevibacterium O -ammoniagenes O -has O -been O -purified O -to O -a O -specific O -activity O -of O -1440 O -nmol O -of O -malonyl O -- O -CoA O -incorporated O -per O -min O -/ O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -other O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -complexes O -, O -the O -enzyme O -catalyzes O -the O -synthesis O -of O -both O -long O -- O -chain O -saturated O -and O -monounsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -from O -malonyl O -- O -CoA O -and O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -activates O -guanylate O -cyclase O -and O -increases O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -monophosphate O -levels O -in O -various O -tissue O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -rat O -liver O -supernatant O -preparations O -was O -augmented O -slightly O -with O -reducing O -agents O -, O -decreased O -with O -some O -oxidizing O -agents O -, O -and O -greater O -in O -a O -nitrogen B-Chemical -than O -in O -an O -oxygen B-Chemical -atmosphere O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -fructose O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -bisphosphate O -and O -sedoheptulose O -1 O -, O -7 O -- O -bisphosphate O -are O -substrates O -of O -this O -enzyme O -; O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -latter O -occurs O -at O -about O -20 O -% O -of O -the O -rate O -of O -the O -former O -, O -and O -the O -Km O -for O -fructose O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -bisphosphate O -is O -approximately O -1 O -. O -32 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -. O -5 O -' O -- O -AMP O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -other O -mammalian O -- O -fructose O -- O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -bisphosphatases O -, O -is O -without O -effect O -, O -and O -in O -further O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -the O -other O -enzymes O -there O -is O -no O -metal O -requirement O -for O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Resonance O -Raman O -spectra O -of O -arsanilazotryosyl O -- O -248 O -carboxypeptidase O -A O -( O -peptidyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -hydrolase O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -12 O -. O -2 O -) O -exhibit O -only O -the O -vibrational O -bands O -of O -its O -chromophoric O -azotyrosyl O -- O -248 O -residue O -uncomplicated O -by O -background O -interference O -from O -either O -water O -or O -other O -components O -of O -the O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -particular O -, O -this O -has O -allowed O -elucidation O -of O -the O -structure O -of O -the O -azotyrosyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -248 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -zinc I-Chemical -coordination O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -offer O -new O -approaches O -to O -the O -in O -vivo O -study O -of O -the O -cycle O -and O -also O -to O -the O -design O -of O -more O -specifically O -directed O -analogs O -of O -inhibitors O -such O -as O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfoximine O -and O -6 O -- O -diazo O -- O -5 O -- O -oxonorleucine O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -13 O -days O -of O -gestation O -, O -when O -the O -superior O -cervical O -ganglion O -was O -first O -visible O -, O -to O -birth O -at O -19 O -days O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -[ O -tyrosine B-Chemical -3 O -- O -monooxygenase O -; O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -, O -tetrahydropteridine O -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -( O -3 O -- O -hydroxylating O -) O -; O -EC O -1 O -. O -14 O -. O -16 O -. O -2 O -] O -activity O -increased O -100 O -- O -fold O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -direct O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -ganglia O -from O -18 O -- O -day O -fetuses O -failed O -to O -grow O -without O -added O -NGF O -or O -in O -medium O -containing O -anti O -- O -NGF O -or O -NGF O -+ O -anti O -- O -NGF O -: O -virtually O -no O -axon O -outgrowth O -occurred O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -decreased O -by O -half O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -human O -platelet O -guanylate O -cyclase O -by O -unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -peroxides B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -lipoxidase O -potentiated O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -stimulation O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -purified O -by O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -column O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Saturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -such O -as O -stearic O -and O -arachidic O -acids O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -in O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -lipoxidase O -, O -indicating O -that O -human O -plateletguanylate O -cyclase O -is O -stimulated O -by O -unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -peroxides B-Chemical -rather O -than O -by O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -- O -Mercaptoethanol O -, O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -and O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -inhibited O -the O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activities O -both O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -absence O -of O -unsaturated O -fatty O -acidperoxide O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -250 O -, O -000 O -- O -fold O -purification O -of O -pyrimidine O -5 O -' O -- O -nucleotidase O -from O -human O -erythrocytes O -has O -been O -achieved O -using O -a O -combination O -of O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -chromatography O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -fractionation O -, O -gel O -filtration O -, O -and O -isoelectric O -focusing O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -rat O -brain O -characterized O -by O -high O -- O -affinity O -( O -3H O -) O -diazepam B-Chemical -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -Arrhenius O -plots O -suggest O -a O -sharp O -conformational O -change O -in O -the O -diazepam B-Chemical -receptor O -near O -18 O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -Ro O -- O -4864 O -, O -which O -is O -almost O -inactive O -in O -displacing O -[ O -3H O -] O -diazepam B-Chemical -from O -brain O -membranes O -, O -is O -extremely O -potent O -in O -displacing O -it O -from O -kidney O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -binding O -to O -kidney O -mitochondria O -has O -an O -affinity O -constantof O -40 O -nM O -, O -about O -15 O -times O -higher O -than O -that O -in O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -specific O -[ O -3H O -] O -diazepam B-Chemical -binding O -to O -membranes O -appears O -to O -be O -restricted O -to O -brain O -, O -where O -it O -is O -unevenly O -distributed O -: O -the O -density O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -receptors O -is O -about O -five O -times O -higher O -in O -cortex O -( O -the O -highest O -density O -) O -than O -in O -pons O -- O -meddula O -( O -lowest O -density O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -ions O -in O -ATP O -formation O -by O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -pump O -. O - -aps B-category -Nucleo O -- O -cytoplasmic O -interactions O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -thymidine B-Chemical -phosphorylation O -in O -Acetabularia O -. O - -aps B-category -Antimuscarinic O -properties O -of O -antidepressants B-Chemical -: O -dibenzepin O -( O -Noveril O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -a O -value O -of O -1 O -for O -scopolamine B-Chemical -, O -the O -following O -relative O -anticholinergic O -potencies O -were O -calculated O -: O -dibenzepin O -- O -- O -1 O -/ O -600 O -, O -nortriptylne O -- O -- O -1 O -/ O -300 O -, O -imipramine B-Chemical -- O -1 O -/ O -200 O -, O -and O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -- O -1 O -/ O -75 O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Stability O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -during O -fermentation O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Steroid B-Chemical -hormone O -actions O -in O -tissue O -culture O -cells O -and O -cell O -hybrids O -- O -- O -their O -relation O -to O -human O -malignancies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentrations O -of O -the O -non O -- O -selective O -beta O -- O -blockers O -( O -bupranolol O -, O -alprenolol O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -4 O -- O -hydroxypropranolol O -, O -prindolol O -and O -oxyprenolol O -) O -required O -to O -produce O -half O -maximal O -inhibition O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -rates O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -formation I-Chemical -were O -found O -to O -be O -in O -a O -narrow O -range O -( O -5X10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -- O -3X10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -) O -. O -The O -cardioselective O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agents O -, O -however O -, O -were O -only O -1 O -/ O -100 O -( O -methypranol O -) O -to O -1 O -/ O -1000 O -( O -atenolol B-Chemical -, O -practolol O -) O -as O -potent O -as O -the O -non O -- O -selective O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -secretion O -was O -inhibited O -by O -different O -adrenolytic O -drugs O -( O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -practolol O -, O -butoxamine O -) O -, O -by O -tetracain O -, O -hemicholinium B-Chemical -, O -and O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -are O -consistent O -with O -those O -of O -other O -investigators O -showing O -a O -suppressibility O -of O -the O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -pancreatic O -amylase O -secretion O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Formerly O -applied O -techniques O -like O -electroshock O -- O -and O -insulin O -- O -therapy O -are O -now O -replaced O -by O -pharmaco O -- O -therapy O -, O -primarily O -with O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -, O -butyrophenones O -and O -chlorprothixens O -. O - -aps B-category -Folate B-Chemical -conjugase O -: O -two O -separate O -activities O -in O -human O -jejunum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -techniques O -of O -cell O -fractionation O -and O -DEAE O -and O -gel O -chromatography O -led O -to O -the O -identification O -of O -two O -separate O -folate B-Chemical -conjugase O -activities O -in O -human O -jejunal O -mucosa O -: O -one O -membrane O -- O -bound O -and O -concentrated O -in O -the O -brush O -border O -, O -the O -other O -soluble O -and O -intracellular O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -effects O -observed O -with O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonists O -were O -both O -stereospecific O -and O -reversed O -by O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -95 O -patients O -with O -essential O -uncomplicated O -hypertension O -were O -mostly O -submitted O -to O -measurement O -of O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -, O -plasma O -volume O -and O -exchangeable O -sodium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -for O -the O -exchangeable O -sodium B-Chemical -seemed O -of O -little O -interest O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -enzymatic O -hydroxylation O -of O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -tetrahydrobiopterin O -is O -the O -essential O -cofactor O -. O - -aps B-category -Assay O -of O -biopsied O -brain O -cortex O -of O -a O -patient O -with O -a O -deficiency O -of O -dihydropteridine O -reductases O -showed O -low O -concentrations O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -this O -was O -reflected O -in O -the O -concentrations O -of O -their O -major O -metabolites O -measured O -in O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -from O -lumbar O -, O -ventricular O -, O -and O -subarachnoid O -spaces O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -postulated O -that O -the O -seizures O -and O -neurological O -deterioration O -of O -the O -patient O -were O -related O -to O -a O -deficiency O -in O -the O -synthesis O -of O -biogenic O -amine B-Chemical -neurotransmitters O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -2 O -mg O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -( O -Rohypnol O -; O -Roche O -) O -to O -patients O -before O -gastro O -- O -intestinal O -endoscopy O -caused O -significantly O -less O -anxiety O -and O -achieved O -significantly O -greater O -sedation O -than O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -Vallium O -; O -Roche O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -who O -received O -2 O -mg O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -showed O -a O -significantly O -greater O -willingness O -to O -undergo O -a O -repeat O -procedure O -, O -both O -when O -asked O -immediately O -after O -the O -procedure O -, O -and O -when O -asked O -on O -the O -next O -visit O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -detrusor O -hyperreflexia O -in O -multiple O -sclerosis O -: O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -crossover O -clinical O -trial O -comparing O -methantheline O -bromide B-Chemical -( O -Banthine O -) O -, O -flavoxate O -chloride B-Chemical -( O -Urispas O -) O -and O -meladrazine O -tartrate O -( O -Lisidonil O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -entire O -cystometric O -pattern O -changed O -statistically O -significant O -with O -methantheline O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -but O -only O -with O -concordance O -to O -the O -patients O -preferences O -in O -60 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -of O -the O -gastric O -juice O -secretion O -occurring O -against O -the O -background O -of O -multiple O -introduction O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -or O -gastrin O -tetrapeptide O -amide O -was O -quite O -spectacular O -: O -the O -secretion O -dropped O -down O -to O -zero O -and O -the O -action O -was O -more O -prolonged O -than O -following O -administration O -of O -pentagastrin O -with O -which O -the O -secretion O -was O -not O -inhibited O -to O -such O -a O -sharp O -degree O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -GMP O -was O -less O -protracted O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dependence O -of O -Gi O -( O -- O -M O -) O -values O -of O -histidine O -on O -the O -concentration O -of O -irradiated O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -M O -solutions O -, O -pH O -and O -the O -presence O -of O -O2 O -, O -N2O O -and O -sec O -- O -butyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -course O -of O -radiation O -decomposition O -of O -histidine O -depends O -on O -the O -presence O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -on O -the O -pH O -of O -irradiated O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -complexation O -behaviour O -of O -Cu O -( O -II O -) O -with O -di O -- O -and O -tripeptides O -containing O -the O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -phenylalanine O -or O -typtophan O -has O -been O -investigated O -at O -different O -pH O -- O -values O -and O -compared O -with O -results O -obtained O -with O -di O -- O -and O -triglycine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -assay O -of O -protein O -- O -bound O -nitrite B-Chemical -in O -meat O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -Protease O -from O -S O -. O -aureus O -, O -M O -135 O -precipitated O -from O -the O -culture O -supernatant O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -at O -65 O -% O -saturation O -( O -table O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -nucleic O -acid O -and O -hydroxyproline B-Chemical -contents O -indicated O -enhanced O -accumulation O -of O -cells O -and O -collagen O -in O -tissues O -receiving O -local O -hyperalimentation O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -the O -healing O -process O -in O -these O -wounds O -can O -be O -stimulated O -, O -to O -a O -certain O -extent O -, O -by O -exposure O -to O -increased O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -and O -/ O -or O -by O -local O -hyperalimentation O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -and O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -as O -induction O -agents O -for O -cardiac O -surgical O -operations O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -also O -no O -significant O -difference O -from O -induction O -with O -thiopentone B-Chemical -in O -these O -respects O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -sytem O -of O -equilibria O -is O -hypothesized O -in O -which O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -: O -serotonin B-Chemical -ratio O -is O -given O -greater O -emphasis O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbamates O -of O -aliphatic O -and O -aromatic O -alcohols O -and O -phenols B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -affecting O -the O -stability O -of O -benzylpenicillin B-Chemical -in O -carbohydrate O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -enzymic O -preparations O -from O -mouse O -kidney O -stimulated O -with O -the O -anabolic O -steroid B-Chemical -Durabolin O -( O -nandrolone O -phenpropionate O -) O -lysine O -and O -ornithine B-Chemical -were O -shown O -to O -inhibit O -the O -decarboxylation O -of O -each O -other O -competitively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optima O -of O -the O -decarboxylation O -of O -lysine O -and O -ornithine B-Chemical -were O -found O -to O -be O -identical O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -observations O -indicate O -that O -: O -a O -) O -the O -syndrome O -of O -doubles O -may O -respond O -to O -various O -biological O -treatment O -methods O -; O -b O -) O -in O -the O -setting O -of O -depression O -it O -responds O -to O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -; O -c O -) O -in O -the O -setting O -of O -schizophrenia O -or O -organic O -psychosis O -it O -usually O -responds O -to O -neurolytics O -; O -d O -) O -in O -a O -schizophrenic O -setting O -it O -has O -more O -chances O -of O -responding O -to O -trifluoperazine O -either O -given O -alone O -or O -in O -association O -with O -other O -psychopharmaca O -, O -and O -, O -e O -) O -in O -certain O -cases O -combination O -of O -antipsychotic O -treatment O -with O -treatment O -of O -co O -- O -existing O -organic O -dysfunction O -appears O -to O -be O -important O -. O - -aps B-category -New O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -derivatives O -formed O -by O -alkaline O -treatment O -of O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -this O -reason O -, O -caution O -should O -be O -exercised O -in O -assigning O -the O -prelysine O -peak O -( O -s O -) O -of O -an O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -chromatogram O -to O -lysinoalanine O -. O - -aps B-category -Cattle O -hair O -exposed O -to O -solutions O -of O -35S O -- O -sulfide O -ions O -at O -pH O -12 O -. O -5 O -, O -hydrolyzed O -with O -acid O -, O -and O -analyzed O -for O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -with O -simultaneous O -measurement O -of O -the O -radioactivity O -of O -the O -eluate O -from O -the O -analytical O -column O -showed O -87 O -percent O -of O -the O -radioactivity O -incorporated O -in O -the O -hair O -in O -three O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -: O -cysteic O -acid O -, O -lanthionine O -, O -and O -cystine O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -wool O -with O -solutions O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -tripolyphosphate O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -tetrapyrophosphate O -, O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -results O -in O -the O -formation O -of O -lysinoalanine O -, O -the O -amount O -of O -which O -increases O -from O -the O -first O -to O -the O -last O -reagent O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -lysinoalanine O -( O -LAL O -) O -with O -methyl O -iodide O -at O -pH O -- O -values O -above O -8 O -leads O -to O -cleavage O -to O -dehydroalanine O -( O -DHA O -) O -and O -Nepsilon O -- O -di O -- O -or O -/ O -and O -trimethyllysine O -, O -as O -was O -shown O -by O -ultraviolet O -spectra O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -this O -reaction O -, O -the O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -groups O -of O -polylysine O -and O -its O -copolymers O -can O -be O -methylated O -to O -form O -di O -- O -and O -/ O -or O -trimetryl O -- O -lysine O -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -to O -the O -double O -bonds O -of O -polydehydroalanine O -and O -copolymers O -of O -dehydroalanine O -( O -DHA O -) O -and O -methylcysteine O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -leucine B-Chemical -or O -gamma O -- O -methyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -is O -accompanied O -by O -increased O -solubility O -and O -decreased O -molecular O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -one O -water O -molecule O -then O -yields O -two O -peptide O -fragments O -, O -one O -of O -them O -a O -terminal O -cysteine B-Chemical -residue O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -it O -could O -be O -shown O -that O -SH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -is O -decomposed O -at O -alevated O -temperatures O -according O -to O -the O -two O -mechanisms O -mentioned O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -demands O -a O -well O -characterised O -ion O -- O -exchange O -column O -and O -the O -use O -of O -pH O -3 O -. O -40 O -lithium B-Chemical -citrate B-Chemical -buffer O -( O -O O -. O -2N O -Li O -+ O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -products O -of O -peroxidase O -, O -a O -hydrogen B-Chemical -donor O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -decreased O -the O -amount O -of O -lysine O -recovered O -from O -proteins O -after O -acid O -hydrolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -some O -of O -the O -protein O -polymers O -were O -not O -dissociated O -by O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -dodecyl O -sulfate O -, O -urea B-Chemical -and O -mercaptoethanol O -, O -it O -suggests O -that O -the O -free O -radicals O -or O -quinones O -formed O -by O -peroxidase O -had O -interacted O -with O -or O -cross O -- O -linked O -protein O -molecules O -by O -the O -formation O -of O -covalent O -bonds O -. O - -aps B-category -Biological O -effects O -of O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -protein O -and O -lysinoalanine O -: O -an O -overview O -. O - -aps B-category -Alkali O -- O -treated O -proteins O -and O -lysinoalanine O -, O -an O -unusual O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -formed O -in O -proteins O -during O -alkali B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -have O -been O -shown O -to O -produce O -a O -renal O -alteration O -characterized O -by O -nuclear O -and O -cytoplasmic O -enlargement O -, O -with O -alterations O -in O -DNA O -synthesis O -, O -mitotsis O -and O -nucleoprotein O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -which O -may O -influence O -the O -development O -of O -the O -kidney O -lesions O -in O -animals O -fed O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treatment I-Chemical -protein O -are O -discussed O -, O -including O -nutritional O -factors O -, O -the O -chemical O -form O -of O -lysinoalanine O -in O -the O -protein O -, O -species O -differences O -, O -and O -metabolic O -fate O -. O - -aps B-category -Tests O -showed O -that O -mixtures O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -and O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -were O -needed O -to O -completely O -solubilize O -the O -high O -half O -- O -cystine O -protein O -, O -and O -that O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -alone O -or O -in O -combination O -with O -urea B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -increased O -solubilization O -of O -the O -low O -half O -- O -cystine O -product O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -first O -step O -toward O -this O -goal O -we O -evaluated O -many O -derivatives O -of O -casein O -treated O -at O -pH O -9 O -- O -10 O -with O -various O -acylating O -and O -alkylating B-Chemical -agents I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Alkali O -treatment O -of O -food O -proteins O -converts O -some O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -to O -the O -unnatural O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -lysinoalanine O -which O -has O -been O -found O -to O -cause O -kidney O -damage O -when O -fed O -to O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -added O -thiols B-Chemical -minimize O -the O -formation O -of O -potentially O -toxic O -lysinoalanine O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -asssumed O -that O -interferon B-Chemical -induced O -by O -NDV O -is O -responsible O -for O -the O -suppressive O -effect O -of O -the O -virus O -on O -both O -the O -primary O -and O -secondary O -immune O -responses O -of O -hamsters O -to O -SRBC O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -factors O -after O -PEG O -precipitation O -followed O -by O -rate O -zonal O -centrifugation O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradients O -ranged O -from O -50 O -to O -200 O -for O -HA O -activity O -and O -from O -40 O -to O -50 O -for O -infectivity O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -disruption O -of O -TBE O -virus O -with O -Nonidet O -P O -- O -40 O -, O -Tween O -- O -80 O -/ O -Tri O -- O -( O -n O -- O -butyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -or O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -, O -a O -120 O -- O -- O -130 O -S O -nucleoprotein O -could O -be O -separated O -by O -rate O -zonal O -centrifugation O -from O -more O -slowly O -sedimenting O -haemagglutinins O -. O - -aps B-category -Pathogenesis O -was O -studied O -in O -mice O -with O -moderate O -levels O -of O -lead B-Chemical -intoxication O -after O -Langat O -virus O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -increase O -was O -associated O -with O -decreased O -in O -vivo O -interferon B-Chemical -and O -neutralizing O -antibody O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -strongly O -suggest O -that O -lead B-Chemical -increased O -mortality O -following O -infection O -by O -complex O -means O -, O -the O -most O -important O -being O -the O -enhacement O -of O -encephalitogenic O -potential O -of O -Langat O -virus O -. O - -aps B-category -Endogenous O -interferon B-Chemical -was O -produced O -in O -animals O -in O -response O -to O -the O -administration O -of O -tobacco O -mosaic O -virus O -( O -TMV O -) O -, O -tilorone O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -nucleinate O -. O - -aps B-category -TMV O -, O -tilorone O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -nucleinate O -given O -per O -os O -exerted O -a O -marked O -protective O -effect O -in O -mice O -against O -tick O -- O -borne O -encephalitis O -, O -eastern O -and O -western O -equine O -encephalomyelitis O -and O -influenza O -virus O -infections O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -and O -iron B-Chemical -to O -wheat O -bread O -, O -wheat O -bran O -, O -and O -their O -components O -. O - -aps B-category -Wheat O -bran O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -and O -6 O -. O -8 O -bound O -72 O -% O -of O -iron B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -of O -solution O -) O -and O -82 O -. O -5 O -% O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -43 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -solution O -) O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -to O -various O -celluloses O -and O -dextrans O -is O -also O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -Movement O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Net O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -gain O -occurred O -with O -instillate O -of O -40 O -mEq O -. O -/ O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Insorption O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -occurred O -with O -the O -lower O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -solutions O -and O -enterosorption O -occurred O -at O -higher O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -controversial O -role O -of O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -rheumatoid O -arteritis O -, O -the O -rarity O -of O -rheumatoid O -arteritis O -of O -the O -gallbladder O -and O -the O -morphologic O -similarity O -of O -the O -vascular O -lesion O -in O -the O -gallbladder O -and O -appendix O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -disruption O -of O -this O -barrier O -by O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -bile O -has O -also O -been O -confirmed O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -bile O -nor O -ethanol B-Chemical -caused O -increased O -H O -+ O -Na O -+ O -flux O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -, O -therefore O -, O -demonstrate O -that O -although O -H O -+ O -Na O -+ O -occurs O -across O -the O -duodenal O -mucosa O -, O -bile O -or O -ethanol B-Chemical -do O -not O -cause O -changes O -in O -ionic O -flux O -and O -acute O -erosions O -do O -not O -develop O -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequent O -exposure O -of O -the O -tissue O -to O -catecholamines B-Chemical -or O -methylxanthines B-Chemical -allowed O -slowly O -rising O -overshooting O -electrical O -responses O -( O -the O -" O -slow O -response O -" O -) O -with O -with O -accompanying O -contractions O -to O -be O -elicited O -by O -electrical O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -virus O -is O -pH O -3 O -. O -0 O -labile O -, O -sensitive O -to O -the O -action O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -and O -heat O -( O -56 O -degrees O -C O -) O -labile O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -81 O -healthy O -male O -volunteers O -with O -normal O -blood O -pressure O -, O -normal O -body O -weight O -of O -different O -age O -( O -18 O -- O -58 O -years O -) O -an O -intravenous O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -test O -with O -determination O -of O -blood O -sugar O -and O -serum O -insulin O -levels O -was O -done O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -increasing O -age O -- O -independent O -from O -relative O -body O -weight O -- O -a O -highly O -significant O -decrease O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -controlled O -by O -means O -of O -k O -- O -value O -according O -to O -Conard O -is O -to O -be O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -increasing O -age O -significant O -increase O -of O -total O -cholesterol B-Chemical -serum O -level O -is O -to O -be O -measured O -, O -whereas O -triglycerid O -serum O -levels O -do O -not O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -investigations O -have O -shown O -, O -that O -the O -diminished O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -with O -increasing O -age O -is O -mainly O -related O -to O -an O -insufficient O -function O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -cell O -with O -increasing O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serum O -folate B-Chemical -level O -of O -100 O -aged O -persons O -( O -after O -70 O -) O -was O -decreased O -( O -less O -than O -4 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -) O -in O -41 O -% O -of O -the O -cases O -( O -manifest O -deficiency O -of O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -pH O -- O -changes O -of O -the O -spinal O -fluid O -following O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Especially O -no O -significant O -differences O -related O -to O -adrenaline B-Chemical -were O -be O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -solid O -- O -phase O -chelator O -with O -high O -affinity O -and O -selectivity O -for O -calcium B-Chemical -: O -parvalbumin O -- O -polyacrylamide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -preparation O -of O -pure O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -nicotinamide O -coenzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -control O -animals O -, O -cryptorchid O -rats O -showed O -transient O -rises O -in O -FSH O -which O -returned O -to O -normal O -at O -the O -end O -of O -the O -study O -; O -estrogen B-Chemical -levels O -were O -high O -in O -the O -final O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -of O -gastric O -acidity O -by O -glycopyrrolate B-Chemical -premedication O -in O -the O -parturient O -. O - -aps B-category -Premedication O -with O -atropine B-Chemical -did O -not O -significantly O -increase O -the O -gastric O -pH O -, O -while O -in O -those O -premedicated O -with O -glycopyrrolate B-Chemical -, O -the O -mean O -pH O -increased O -to O -3 O -. O -7 O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -35 O -) O -, O -and O -the O -incidence O -of O -pH O -less O -than O -the O -critical O -level O -dropped O -to O -34 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -glycopyrrolate B-Chemical -premedication O -can O -be O -used O -in O -the O -parturient O -as O -an O -additional O -measure O -to O -safeguard O -against O -acid O -- O -aspiration O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -isolated O -hind O -limbs O -perfused O -with O -whole O -blood O -containing O -citrate B-Chemical -, O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -and O -dextrose B-Chemical -( O -CPD O -) O -showed O -muscle O -twitches O -, O -had O -larger O -VO2 O -values O -at O -identical O -pHa O -' O -s O -, O -and O -had O -an O -increase O -in O -VO2 O -with O -increase O -in O -pHa O -. O - -aps B-category -Halothane B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -alterations O -of O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -three O -regions O -of O -the O -mouse O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -base O -crystallization O -on O -the O -conditions O -properties O -of O -the O -powders O -and O -drug O -forms O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -of O -the O -process O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -base O -crystallization O -showed O -that O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -pH O -, O -temperature O -and O -mixed O -rotation O -changes O -, O -the O -specific O -surface O -of O -the O -crystalline O -precipitate O -increased O -with O -a O -simultaneous O -decrease O -in O -the O -bulk O -weight O -, O -looseness O -and O -volume O -density O -of O -the O -powder O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -the O -crystallization O -conditions O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -base O -on O -the O -properties O -of O -the O -powders O -and O -drug O -forms O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -Characteristics O -of O -the O -powder O -dispersity O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -base O -samples O -prepared O -by O -directed O -crystallization O -with O -variation O -of O -the O -process O -conditions O -were O -determined O -by O -the O -sedimentation O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -an O -insignificant O -increase O -in O -the O -production O -of O -enzyme O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -added O -inorganic O -nitrogen B-Chemical -and O -phosphorus B-Chemical -sources O -. O - -aps B-category -Horse O -liver O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -SS O -: O -purification O -and O -characterization O -of O -the O -homogenous O -isoenzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Tracheal O -cilia O -of O -cows O -exposed O -, O -in O -vitro O -, O -for O -20 O -hours O -to O -different O -acidities O -and O -alkalinities O -of O -sulfuric O -acid O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -, O -respectively O -, O -showed O -ciliomotility O -at O -pH O -values O -as O -low O -as O -4 O -. O -9 O -, O -while O -the O -epithelial O -cells O -began O -to O -be O -expelled O -from O -the O -mucosa O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -7 O -, O -initiating O -a O -reduction O -of O -ciliary O -function O -around O -this O -pH O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -esophageal O -function O -with O -intraesophageal O -pressure O -and O -pH O -recordings O -is O -a O -far O -more O -sensitive O -indicator O -of O -esophageal O -physiology O -than O -the O -barium B-Chemical -swallow O -examination O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -experimental O -test O -procedure O -is O -described O -for O -the O -' O -in O -vivo O -' O -study O -of O -drug O -interactions O -with O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -, O -5 O -hydroxy O -- O -tryptamine O -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -pimozide O -) O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -in O -the O -tryptamine O -- O -test O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -Cilioinhibitory O -effect O -of O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -in O -vitro O -and O -its O -antagonism O -by O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -acetate O -in O -equal O -molarity O -to O -CPZ O -, O -within O -a O -time O -limit O -dependent O -on O -the O -drug O -concentration O -, O -reversed O -this O -inhibition O -, O -while O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -Osmotic O -shock O -also O -depressed O -oxygen B-Chemical -production O -in O -light O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -in O -darkness O -; O -however O -, O -shocked O -cells O -were O -able O -to O -grow O -normally O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -on O -cyanogenesis O -by O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimum O -HCN O -production O -occurs O -when O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -concentration O -is O -between O -1 O -and O -10 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -a O -culture O -growing O -at O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -producing O -low O -HCN O -is O -shifted O -to O -10 O -mM O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -HCN O -biosynthesis O -resumes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alpha O -- O -isopropylmalate O -synthase O -( O -EC O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -12 O -) O -from O -Alcaligenes O -eutrophus O -H O -16 O -was O -inhibited O -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -and O -alpha O -- O -ketoisocaproate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anomalous O -effect O -of O -temperature O -on O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -diminished O -by O -leucine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -Michaelis O -constants O -for O -acetoacetyl O -CoA O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -were O -8 O -. O -3 O -and O -21 O -micrometer O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -various O -enzymes O -involved O -in O -PHB O -metabolism O -, O -only O -the O -specific O -activity O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -elevated O -5 O -- O -fold O -within O -2 O -h O -after O -the O -addition O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -the O -cells O -grown O -in O -the O -basal O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -article O -reviews O -the O -function O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -( O -PGs O -) O -in O -the O -nervous O -system O -and O -discusses O -the O -possible O -alterations O -in O -PG O -metabolism O -as O -relating O -to O -mental O -illness O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -carbromal O -and O -bromoethylbutyramide O -were O -able O -to O -reduce O -the O -basal O -tone O -and O -the O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contraction O -of O -isolated O -rat O -fundus O -strips O -. O - -aps B-category -Development O -of O -a O -model O -for O -ocular O -toxicity O -in O -methyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -poisoning O -using O -the O -rhesus O -monkey O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -blood O -samples O -were O -drawn O -for O -methyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -formate O -, O -PO2 O -, O -PCO2 O -, O -and O -pH O -, O -which O -were O -monitored O -periodically O -throughout O -the O -course O -of O -the O -experiment O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -animals O -served O -as O -models O -, O -which O -allowed O -for O -ocular O -evaluation O -for O -early O -signs O -related O -to O -methyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -poisoning O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -ion O -- O -activated O -hydrolysis O -of O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -pancreatic O -islet O -- O -cell O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Ouabain O -was O -inhibitory O -, O -the O -effect O -being O -inversely O -related O -to O -the O -K O -+ O -concentration O -; O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -- O -0 O -. O -2mM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ouabain I-Chemical -caused O -about O -50 O -% O -inhibition O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -1 O -mM O -- O -K O -+ O -, O -but O -had O -no O -demonstrable O -effect O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -4 O -- O -- O -5mM O -- O -K O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -and O -utilization O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -by O -human O -lymphoid O -cells O -; O -relationship O -to O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -forms O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -free O -- O -living O -root O -- O -nodule O -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -ACTH B-Chemical -regulation O -of O -guanosine B-Chemical -cyclic O -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -monophsphate O -phosphodiesterase O -activities O -in O -the O -x O -- O -irradiation O -induced O -rat O -small O -bowel O -adenocarcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Detection O -by O -radioimmunoassay O -of O -nicotinamide O -nucleotide B-Chemical -analogues O -in O -tissues O -of O -rabbits O -injected O -with O -nicotine B-Chemical -and O -cotinine O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -and O -other O -dibenzo O -- O -epines O -on O -central O -dopaminergic O -and O -cholinergic O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Thioridazine O -and O -the O -classical O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -were O -included O -in O -the O -study O -for O -comparison O -. O - -aps B-category -Determinations O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -were O -integrated O -in O -88 O -% O -within O -the O -range O -of O -451 O -to O -750 O -mg O -% O -and O -the O -rest O -in O -lower O -figures O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -on O -syngeneic O -transplantation O -of O -adenovirus O -12 O -- O -transformed O -tumor O -cells O -in O -C3H O -/ O -he O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -did O -not O -show O -any O -effect O -on O -the O -tumor O -evolution O -when O -injected O -24 O -and O -6 O -hours O -before O -cell O -implantation O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Interference O -of O -various O -antihistaminics O -in O -the O -fluorometric O -determination O -of O -blood O -histamine B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -properties O -of O -droperidol B-Chemical -on O -isolated O -blood O -vessels O -of O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Droperidol O -inhibited O -the O -contractile O -response O -to O -nerve O -stimulation O -, O -but O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -evoked O -release O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -noradrenaline I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Respiratory O -effects O -of O -etomidate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Those O -premedicated O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -atropine B-Chemical -showed O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -respiratory O -frequency O -which O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -minute O -volume O -4 O -min O -after O -induction O -of O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -would O -appear O -that O -the O -effects O -of O -etomidate B-Chemical -on O -respiration O -are O -less O -than O -those O -of O -other O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -infusion O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -alone O -produced O -a O -significantly O -increased O -lipolytic O -response O -and O -a O -significantly O -decreased O -hyperglycaemic O -response O -in O -Pietrain O -pigs O -compared O -with O -the O -Large O -White O -breed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -further O -experiment O -, O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -or O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -was O -infused O -into O -six O -Pietrain O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -excretion O -and O -metabolism O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -and O -norpethidine B-Chemical -in O -the O -newborn O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -volume O -and O -pH O -, O -and O -concentrations O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -and O -norpethidine B-Chemical -in O -the O -urine O -were O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -ratio O -of O -the O -rate O -of O -excretion O -of O -norpethidine B-Chemical -to O -that O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -increased O -with O -time O -and O -the O -concentration O -of O -norpethidine B-Chemical -in O -urine O -decreased O -first O -and O -then O -, O -after O -18 O -h O -, O -increased O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -total O -amounts O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -and O -norpethidine B-Chemical -excreted O -in O -the O -first O -24 O -h O -after O -birth O -were O -positively O -related O -to O -the O -dose O -- O -delivery O -interval O -in O -the O -mother O -for O -intervals O -up O -to O -at O -least O -5 O -h O -. O -From O -the O -data O -it O -is O -estimated O -that O -95 O -% O -of O -the O -total O -pethidine B-Chemical -transferred O -from O -the O -mother O -would O -be O -eliminated O -by O -the O -baby O -by O -the O -2nd O -to O -3rd O -day O -after O -birth O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -An O -existing O -radioenzymatic O -assay O -for O -plasma O -catecholamines B-Chemical -using O -catechol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -o I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -transferase O -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -- B-Chemical -S I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -has O -been O -modified O -resulting O -in O -a O -more O -sensitive O -assay O -for O -the O -measurement O -of O -plasma O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Resting O -supine O -( O -60 O -min O -) O -plasma O -adrenaline B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -s O -. O -d O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -4 O -The O -changes O -in O -plasma O -catecholamine B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -response O -to O -40 O -degrees O -head O -- O -up O -tilt O -have O -been O -determined O -in O -a O -group O -of O -healthy O -normal O -subjects O -and O -have O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -related O -to O -changes O -in O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -effect O -of O -the O -1 O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepines I-Chemical -, O -clobazam O -( O -10 O -and O -20 O -mg O -) O -and O -triflubazam O -( O -20 O -and O -40 O -mg O -) O -, O -on O -sleep O -was O -studied O -in O -six O -healthy O -males O -using O -electroencephalography O -for O -sleep O -measures O -and O -analogue O -scales O -for O -subjective O -assessments O -of O -well O -being O -and O -sleep O -quality O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -effects O -of O -clobazam O -, O -a O -new O -anxiolytic O -agent O -( O -a O -1 O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepine I-Chemical -) O -on O -car O -- O -driving O -ability O -and O -other O -tests O -of O -psychomotor O -performance O -were O -investigated O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -cross O -- O -over O -study O -v O -. O -placebo O -in O -normal O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -Salbutamol B-Chemical -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -and O -0 O -. O -25 O -% O -solutions O -achieved O -the O -same O -degree O -of O -bronchodilatation O -, O -but O -there O -was O -a O -significantly O -greater O -increase O -in O -heart O -rate O -produced O -by O -salbutamol B-Chemical -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -The O -sustained O -degree O -of O -bronchodilatation O -achieved O -by O -salbutamol B-Chemical -0 O -. O -25 O -% O -could O -not O -be O -mirrored O -by O -giving O -two O -doses O -of O -rimiterol O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -, O -the O -second O -dose O -2 O -h O -after O -the O -first O -. O - -aps B-category -Subclassses O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -on O -human O -skin O -blood O -vessels O -and O -their O -possible O -clinical O -significance O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -in O -the O -susceptibility O -of O -protein O -foods O -to O -heat O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -Physical O -properties O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -terminal I-Chemical -precursor O -- O -specific O -portion O -of O -type O -I O -procollagen O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -previous O -suggestions O -based O -mostly O -on O -work O -conducted O -near O -pH O -5 O -, O -demetallized O -concanavalin O -A O -does O -bind O -Ca2 O -+ O -with O -an O -appreciable O -binding O -constant O -. O - -aps B-category -Calorimetric O -and O -equilibrium O -binding O -studies O -of O -the O -interaction O -of O -substrates O -with O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Stripped O -human O -hemoglobin O -was O -shown O -to O -have O -a O -high O -apparent O -zinc B-Chemical -association O -constant O -of O -1 O -. O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -7 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -with O -a O -stoichiometry O -of O -one O -zinc B-Chemical -for O -every O -two O -hemes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -on O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -is O -interrelated O -with O -the O -interaction O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglyceric O -acid O -( O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -) O -and O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Information O -about O -the O -location O -of O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -site O -responsible O -for O -the O -increased O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -has O -been O -obtained O -by O -comparing O -the O -binding O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -to O -various O -hemoglobins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -substitution O -of O -histidine O -- O -beta143 O -in O -hemoglobin O -Abruzzo O -[ O -beta143 O -( O -H21 O -) O -His O -leads O -to O -Arg O -] O -and O -hemoglobin O -Little O -Rock O -[ O -beta143 O -( O -H21 O -) O -His O -leads O -to O -Gln O -] O -decreases O -the O -apparent O -zinc B-Chemical -association O -constant O -by O -two O -orders O -of O -magnitude O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -to O -one O -or O -both O -of O -these O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -can O -, O -therefore O -, O -explain O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -increase O -in O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -results O -suggest O -a O -model O -for O -the O -interaction O -of O -Glu O -- O -58 O -with O -histidine O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -at O -the O -active O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -resulting O -phosphorylation O -profile O -is O -analogous O -to O -that O -of O -the O -autophosphorylation O -of O -membranes O -with O -ATP O -( O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Conformational O -and O -functional O -aspects O -of O -the O -reversible O -dissociation O -and O -denaturation O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activation O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- O -monophosphate O -aminohydrolase O -from O -rabbit O -skeletal O -muscle O -by O -H O -+ O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -is O -given O -that O -the O -remaining O -organic O -chlorine O -is O -also O -present O -as O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -chlorohydrins O -containing O -more O -than O -one O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Chloroplasts O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -both O -3 O -- O -( O -3 O -' O -, O -4 O -' O -- O -dichlorophenyl O -) O -- O -1 O -, O -1 O -- O -dimethylurea O -, O -which O -blocks O -electron O -flow O -from O -the O -reduced O -primary O -acdeptor O -Q O -- O -to O -the O -plastoquinone O -pool O -, O -and O -silicomolybdate O -, O -which O -accepts O -electrons O -from O -Q O -- O -, O -show O -no O -significant O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -stimulation O -of O -electron O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -insensitivity O -of O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -effect O -to O -uncouplers O -of O -photophosphorylation O -and O -the O -dependence O -of O -this O -effect O -on O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -weak O -acid O -anion O -and O -on O -external O -pH O -are O -also O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Above O -a O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -concentration O -of O -0 O -. O -07 O -M O -vesicle O -fusion O -is O -far O -less O -marked O -but O -aggregation O -persists O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -, O -which O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -earlier O -reports O -in O -the O -literature O -of O -a O -lack O -of O -binding O -of O -basic O -protein O -to O -phosphatidylcholine O -- O -containing O -lipids O -, O -demonstrate O -the O -ability O -of O -this O -protein O -to O -interact O -non O -- O -ionically O -with O -lipid O -bilayers O -. O - -aps B-category -Partititon O -of O -catalase O -( O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -: O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -EC O -1 O -. O -11 O -. O -1 O -. O -6 O -) O -and O -peroxidase O -( O -donor O -: O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -EC O -1 O -. O -11 O -. O -1 O -. O -7 O -) O -activities O -between O -the O -red O -cell O -membrane O -and O -the O -cytosol O -were O -studied O -under O -various O -experimental O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Membranes O -prepared O -from O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -depleted I-Chemical -red O -cells O -depicted O -a O -two O -to O -three O -- O -fold O -increase O -in O -catalase O -activity O -, O -as O -well O -as O -an O -increase O -in O -60 O -000 O -molecular O -weight O -band O -on O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -high O -salt B-Chemical -environment O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -) O -the O -melting O -was O -much O -less O -cooperative O -and O -gave O -a O -higher O -Tm O -( O -313 O -K O -) O -; O -this O -is O -suggestive O -of O -interstrand O -aggregation O -involving O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonding O -. O - -aps B-category -Biphasic O -effects O -of O -translational O -inhibitors O -on O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -doses O -of O -either O -antibiotic O -virtually O -afford O -a O -complete O -inhibition O -of O -14C O -- O -labelled O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -liver O -and O -plasma O -proteins O -, O -whereas O -no O -more O -than O -a O -30 O -% O -decrease O -is O -observed O -with O -low O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -hours O -after O -various O -doses O -of O -either O -inhibitor O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -is O -markedly O -increased O -, O -this O -late O -effect O -being O -largely O -dependent O -on O -the O -presence O -of O -adrenals O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -versatile O -fluorimetric O -assay O -based O -on O -the O -reduction O -of O -resazurin O -to O -resorufin O -demonstrated O -high O -specific O -activities O -for O -a O -number O -of O -important O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -in O -tobacco O -leaves O -. O - -aps B-category -Primary O -amines B-Chemical -inhibited O -competitively O -, O -and O -phenazine O -methosulfate O -non O -- O -competitively O -each O -of O -the O -eight O -dehydrogenases O -tested O -with O -the O -fluorimetric O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -partial O -purification O -( O -123 O -- O -fold O -) O -of O -2 O -- O -oxoaldehyde O -dehydrogenase O -( O -2 O -- O -oxoaldehyde O -: O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -+ O -oxidoreductase O -, O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -23 O -) O -from O -rat O -liver O -was O -carried O -out O -using O -a O -purification O -procedure O -which O -involved O -( O -NH4 O -) O -2SO4 O -fractionation O -, O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -chromatography O -, O -Blue B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Dextran I-Chemical -affinity O -chromatography O -and O -CM O -- O -Sephadex O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -only O -known O -amine B-Chemical -which O -activates O -the O -enzyme O -at O -physiological O -pH O -is O -L O -- O -serine O -methyl O -ester O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -regulation O -of O -this O -enzyme O -in O -vivo O -may O -require O -a O -derivative O -of O -serine O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypoxanthines O -, O -bearing O -at O -position O -8 O -aryl O -or O -pyridyl O -substituents O -, O -are O -converted O -by O -bovine O -milk O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -xanthine B-Chemical -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -) O -into O -the O -corresponding O -xanthines O -at O -low O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -analogous O -pyridone O -is O -the O -only O -oxidation O -product O -of O -1 O -- O -methyl O -- O -8 O -- O -( O -3 O -' O -- O -N O -- O -methylpyridinio O -) O -- O -hypoxanthine O -betaine B-Chemical -, O -which O -is O -not O -attacked O -in O -the O -pyrimidine O -ring O -. O - -aps B-category -Pure O -ascorbate O -oxidase O -( O -L O -- O -ascorbate O -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -10 O -. O -3 O -. O -3 O -) O -isolated O -from O -Cucurbita O -pepo O -medullosa O -, O -which O -is O -known O -to O -be O -specific O -for O -ascorbic O -acid O -, O -shows O -a O -secondary O -catecholoxidase O -activity O -at O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -radiometric O -assay O -was O -developed O -for O -fucokinase O -( O -ATP O -: O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -1 O -- O -phosphotransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -1 O -. O -52 O -) O -based O -on O -the O -conversion O -of O -L O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -fucose O -to O -L O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -fucose O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -which O -is O -trapped O -and O -counted O -on O -ion O -exchange O -paper O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylacetone O -, O -4 O -- O -phenyl O -- O -2 O -- O -butanone O -, O -and O -4 O -- O -oxopentyltrimethylammonium O -chloride B-Chemical -were O -tested O -as O -potential O -transition O -state O -analogs O -for O -eel O -acetylcholinesterase O -( O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -hydrolase O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -7 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -a O -specific O -but O -weak O -interaction O -between O -the O -ketone B-Chemical -carbonyl O -and O -the O -enzyme O -, O -but O -probably O -do O -not O -justify O -considering O -this O -compound O -a O -transition O -state O -analog O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -ketone B-Chemical -protects O -the O -enzyme O -from O -inactivation O -by O -methansulfony O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -while O -the O -corresponding O -quaternary B-Chemical -ammonium I-Chemical -alcohol B-Chemical -accelerates O -this O -inactivation O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -dependence O -of O -the O -human O -prostatic O -acid O -phosphatase O -- O -catalyzed O -hydrolysis O -of O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -beta O -- O -glyceryl O -phosphate B-Chemical -has O -been O -studied O -over O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -pH O -and O -the O -values O -of O -Km O -and O -V O -calculated O -with O -the O -aid O -of O -the O -Cleland O -HYPER O -program O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -activation O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -hydrolysis O -by O -bovine O -brain O -acetylcholinesterase O -( O -Acetylcholine O -hydrolase O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -7 O -) O -forms O -has O -been O -analyzed O -in O -terms O -of O -changes O -in O -kinetic O -constants O -and O -thermodynamic O -activation O -parameters O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -two O -components O -were O -derived O -for O -the O -Novo O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Malonyl O -CoA O -, O -acyl O -carrier O -protein O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -are O -required O -for O -both O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -products O -of O -the O -reactions O -were O -examined O -and O -found O -to O -be O -principally O -acyl O -- O -acyl O -carrier O -proteins O -and O -unesterified O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -were O -the O -microsomal O -aminopeptidase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -11 O -. O -2 O -) O -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -11 O -. O -7 O -) O -, O -dipeptidyl O -peptidase O -IV O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -14 O -. O -X O -) O -, O -lactase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -23 O -) O -, O -glucoamylase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -) O -, O -sucrase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -48 O -) O -, O -isomaltase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -10 O -) O -and O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sixth O -ligand O -of O -Type O -- O -III O -was O -deduced O -to O -be O -either O -lysine O -or O -histidine O -but O -would O -not O -be O -methionine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Potentiometric O -and O -spectrophotometric O -titrations O -, O -isoelectric O -focusing O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analyses O -, O -have O -been O -made O -on O -the O -hemocyanin O -from O -Jasus O -edwardsii O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -ionization O -upon O -biological O -activities O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -and O -two O -new O -peptide O -analogues O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -4 O -- O -( O -3 O -- O -chlorotyrosine O -) O -] O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -activity O -was O -compared O -with O -that O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -at O -different O -pH O -values O -, O -in O -which O -the O -ratio O -of O -their O -degrees O -of O -phenolic O -ionization O -varied O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -for O -hemoglobin O -Sawara O -: O -alphaA4 O -( O -6 O -) O -aspartic O -acid O -replaced O -by O -alanine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -Hb O -Sawara O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -increased O -, O -the O -difference O -of O -the O -log O -P50 O -value O -between O -normal O -and O -abnormal O -hemoglobins O -being O -0 O -. O -37 O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -substitution O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -for O -alphaA4 O -aspartic O -acid O -might O -result O -in O -the O -loss O -of O -a O -stabilizing O -force O -for O -ionic O -interaction O -between O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -of O -NA O -( O -1 O -) O -alpha1 O -valine O -and O -the O -alpha O -- O -carboxyl O -of O -HC3 O -( O -141 O -) O -alpha2 O -arginine O -in O -the O -deoxy O -- O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -Divalent O -cation O -requirements O -and O -relationship O -to O -thiol B-Chemical -reactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thermodynamics O -associated O -with O -the O -Mn2 O -- O -- O -ATP O -, O -Mn O -- O -ADP O -- O -and O -Mn O -- O -AMP O -complex O -formation O -reactions O -determined O -from O -K O -potentiometric O -measurements O -at O -I O -= O -0 O -. O -2 O -are O -reported O -for O -the O -temperature O -range O -1 O -- O -- O -45 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -K O -values O -increase O -with O -the O -length O -of O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -chain O -and O -with O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -Thermodynamic O -study O -of O -the O -formation O -of O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -manganese I-Chemical -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -the O -reactions O -are O -endothermic O -and O -the O -deltaH O -values O -increase O -with O -the O -length O -of O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -chain O -and O -with O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -divergence O -observed O -between O -these O -results O -at O -low O -temperature O -leads O -us O -to O -assume O -the O -formation O -of O -nucleotide B-Chemical -aggregates O -induced O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -manganese O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Kinetic O -study O -of O -o O -- O -dianisidine O -oxidation O -by O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -horseradish O -peroxidase O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Purification O -and O -some O -properties O -of O -isozymes O -1 O -and O -5 O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -fox O -heart O -and O -skeletal O -muscles O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -includes O -salt B-Chemical -fractionation O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -, O -chromatography O -on O -DEAE O -- O -and O -CM O -- O -celluloses O -and O -affinity O -chromatography O -on O -AMP O -- O -Sepharose O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -LDH O -- O -1 O -and O -LDH O -- O -5 O -showed O -an O -unexpected O -similar O -sensitivity O -to O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -high O -pyruvate B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Precipitation O -of O -neutral O -alpha O -- O -glucans O -and O -separation O -of O -mixtures O -by O -dimethyldodecylbenzylammonium O -chloride B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Reversible O -dissociation O -of O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -plants O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -imidazole O -on O -the O -kinetic O -parameters O -of O -reactions O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -ferrocyanide O -and O -o O -- O -dianizidine O -peroxidation O -by O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -within O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -pH O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Dependence O -of O -thrombin O -- O -and O -trypsin O -- O -catalyzed O -hydrolysis O -of O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arylsulfonyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -methyl O -esters O -on O -the O -structure O -of O -acylamide O -part O -of O -substrates O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -difference O -in O -reactivity O -of O -compounds O -under O -investigation O -is O -suggested O -to O -depend O -on O -alterations O -of O -stability O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bond O -between O -arylsulfonylamide O -nitrogen B-Chemical -atom O -of O -substrate O -and O -the O -active O -center O -of O -the O -enzyme O -due O -to O -changes O -in O -the O -acidity O -of O -the O -arylsulfonylamide O -group O -affected O -by O -substituent O -of O -the O -benzene B-Chemical -ring O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrophoresis O -of O -the O -solubilized O -crystal O -proteins O -in O -5 O -% O -polyacrylamide O -gels O -containing O -0 O -, O -1 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -and O -8 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -reveals O -two O -major O -bands O -corresponding O -to O -molecular O -weights O -of O -120000 O -- O -- O -140000 O -( O -65 O -% O -) O -and O -65000 O -( O -8 O -- O -10 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -some O -minor O -components O -whose O -molecular O -weights O -varied O -from O -65000 O -to O -340000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -velocity O -gradient O -flow O -birefringence O -and O -viscosity O -changes O -in O -hyaluronate B-Chemical -solutions O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Mass O -spectra O -and O -gas O -chromatographic O -data O -are O -presented O -for O -flurazepam B-Chemical -and O -its O -metabolites O -; O -monodesethylflurazepam O -, O -didesethylflurazepam O -, O -hydroxyethylflurazepam O -, O -N1 O -- O -desalkylflurazepam O -, O -N1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -desalkyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -flurazepam I-Chemical -, O -and O -flurazepam B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Mass O -spectrometric O -and O -gas O -chromatographic O -data O -are O -also O -presented O -for O -the O -benzophenones O -obtained O -by O -acid O -hydrolysis O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -and O -its O -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -possible O -new O -' O -metabolite O -' O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -was O -detected O -in O -two O -of O -these O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparative O -study O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -some O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -deprivatives O -( O -chlonazepam O -, O -lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -and O -medazepam O -) O -on O -the O -recovery O -cycles O -of O -the O -interzonal O -response O -was O -carried O -out O -on O -unanesthetized O -curare O -- O -immobilized O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -threshold O -doses O -of O -the O -drugs O -inducing O -the O -depression O -of O -the O -test O -response O -and O -of O -ED50 O -, O -preventing O -the O -development O -of O -convulsions O -, O -caused O -by O -GABA B-Chemical -deficiency O -or O -by O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ergic I-Chemical -receptor O -block O -, O -were O -compared O -; O -a O -correlation O -between O -the O -mentioned O -effects O -was O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Changes O -in O -the O -H O -- O -alloantigen O -- O -recognizing O -function O -of O -mouse O -lymphoid O -cells O -following O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -administration O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -injection O -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -per O -mouse O -) O -the O -donor O -spleen O -cells O -became O -more O -active O -in O -GVHR O -, O -considering O -the O -value O -of O -lymph O -node O -indices O -and O -immunoblast O -content O -in O -the O -regional O -lymph O -node O -as O -compared O -with O -a O -control O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Consequently O -, O -exogenously O -conditioned O -increase O -in O -the O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -level O -was O -accompanied O -by O -an O -enrichment O -of O -the O -spleen O -and O -thymus O -cell O -populations O -with O -T O -- O -lymphocytes O -, O -proliferating O -in O -response O -to O -H O -- O -alloantigens O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -inhibition O -was O -caused O -by O -the O -1 O -) O -antioxidative O -effect O -of O -hydroxy O -- O -derivatives O -appearing O -during O -the O -oxidative O -metabolism O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -microsomal O -oxygenases O -, O -and O -by O -the O -2 O -) O -competition O -for O -reduced O -components O -of O -electron O -- O -carriers O -between O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -processes O -: O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -metabolism O -and O -lipids O -peroxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -7 O -Incorporation O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -or O -phosphatidic O -acid O -into O -phosphatidylcholine O -membranes O -greatly O -reduced O -the O -partition O -coefficient O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -preparations O -the O -duration O -of O -action O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -and O -salbutamol B-Chemical -was O -short O -, O -whereas O -that O -of O -OPC O -- O -2009 O -and O -trimetoquinol O -was O -long O -. O - -aps B-category -OPC O -- O -2009 O -was O -2 O -. O -4 O -times O -more O -potent O -, O -and O -trimetoquinol O -and O -salbutamol B-Chemical -were O -2 O -. O -2 O -and O -6 O -. O -2 O -times O -less O -potent O -than O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -in O -causing O -tracheal O -relaxation O -. O -4 O -Dose O -- O -response O -curves O -to O -the O -four O -drugs O -for O -tracheal O -vasodilatation O -were O -also O -parallel O -. O - -aps B-category -Trimetoquinol O -, O -salbutamol B-Chemical -and O -OPC O -- O -2009 O -were O -about O -18 O -, O -570 O -and O -2400 O -times O -less O -potent O -than O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -. O -6 O -Selectivity O -calculated O -from O -relative O -potencies O -indicate O -that O -OPC O -- O -2009 O -was O -about O -6000 O -times O -, O -salbutamol B-Chemical -about O -92 O -times O -and O -trimetoquinol O -about O -8 O -. O -2 O -times O -more O -selective O -than O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -for O -tracheal O -smooth O -muscle O -as O -compared O -to O -ventricular O -muscle O -. O -7 O -The O -high O -potency O -and O -selectivity O -of O -OPC O -- O -2009 O -for O -tracheal O -smooth O -muscle O -and O -its O -long O -duration O -of O -action O -suggest O -its O -potential O -usefulness O -for O -treatment O -of O -bronchial O -asthma O -. O -8 O -The O -present O -results O -are O -also O -compatible O -with O -the O -concept O -that O -beta O -( O -1 O -) O -- O -adrenoceptors O -in O -cardiac O -muscle O -and O -beta O -( O -2 O -) O -- O -adrenoceptors O -in O -tracheal O -and O -vascular O -smooth O -muscle O -can O -be O -distinguished O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -paracervical O -ganglion O -SIF O -cells O -were O -found O -to O -contain O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -the O -superior O -cervical O -ganglion O -SIF O -cells O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -the O -PCG O -was O -very O -low O -( O -about O -0 O -. O -48 O -nmoles O -DOPA O -formed O -/ O -h O -/ O -mg O -protein O -) O -and O -was O -about O -1 O -/ O -50th O -of O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -in O -the O -SCG O -, O -where O -it O -averaged O -about O -23 O -. O -90 O -nmoles O -DOPA O -formed O -/ O -h O -/ O -mg O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Dihydropteridine O -reductase O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activities O -in O -rat O -brain O -during O -development O -and O -senescence O -: O -a O -comparative O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -renal O -failure O -- O -- O -- O -a O -guideline O -for O -1alpha O -- O -hydroxycholecalciferol O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -mixed O -chronic O -respiratory O -acidosis O -and O -metabolic O -alkalosis O -constitute O -a O -common O -subgroup O -of O -patients O -with O -chronic O -obstructive O -lung O -disease O -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -retention O -; O -these O -patients O -benefit O -from O -correction O -of O -the O -metabolic O -alkalosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -percentages O -of O -the O -organ O -- O -specific O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -activities O -were O -computed O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -three O -independent O -assays O -: O -total O -activity O -, O -activity O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -10 O -mMl O -- O -phenylalanine O -, O -and O -activity O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -3 O -. O -1 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Value O -of O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -nucleotidase O -, O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -, O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -measurements O -( O -single O -and O -combined O -) O -in O -serum O -in O -diagnosis O -of O -metastasis O -to O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Activity O -and O -interference O -effects O -in O -measurement O -of O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -with O -ion O -- O -selective O -electrodes O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -attempted O -to O -distinguish O -between O -errors O -arising O -from O -changes O -in O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -activity O -and O -those O -due O -to O -interferences O -in O -the O -electrode O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Orion O -electrode O -is O -subject O -to O -an O -additional O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -interference I-Chemical -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnesium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -have O -little O -effect O -on O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -measurements O -, O -particularly O -when O -these O -ions O -are O -incorporated O -into O -calibration O -standards O -. O - -aps B-category -Interindividual O -variations O -in O -response O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -to O -repeated O -ethanol B-Chemical -challenges O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -challenge O -consisted O -of O -ingesting O -0 O -. O -75 O -g O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -per O -kilogram O -of O -body O -weight O -on O -two O -evenings O -, O -followed O -by O -five O -days O -of O -abstention O -during O -which O -the O -activity O -was O -assessed O -at O -regular O -intervals O -. O - -aps B-category -Albumin O -/ O -calcium B-Chemical -association O -at O -different O -pH O -, O -as O -determined O -by O -potentiometry O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -site O -appears O -to O -be O -responsible O -for O -the O -major O -binding O -at O -physiological O -pH O -and O -substance O -concentration O -of O -free O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -together O -with O -three O -other O -sites O -that O -bind O -with O -less O -affinity O -. O - -aps B-category -Assay O -of O -serum O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -by O -extraction O -- O -photometric O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -were O -found O -to O -be O -influenced O -by O -( O -a O -) O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -copper B-Chemical -reagent O -, O -( O -b O -) O -the O -kind O -of O -standard O -solution O -used O -, O -( O -c O -) O -centrifugation O -of O -the O -reaction O -mixture O -and O -( O -d O -) O -serum O -phospholipids O -. O - -aps B-category -Sweat O -testing O -for O -cystic O -fibrosis O -: O -errors O -associated O -with O -the O -in O -- O -situ O -sweat O -test O -using O -chloride B-Chemical -ion O -selective O -electrodes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -/ O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -I O -reaction O -was O -studied O -in O -detail O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -KM O -studies O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -7 O -and O -pH O -8 O -. O -5 O -, O -the O -most O -striking O -abnormalities O -in O -comparison O -with O -human O -controls O -were O -( O -a O -) O -a O -strongly O -increased O -KM O -( O -ornithine B-Chemical -) O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -7 O -, O -but O -less O -pronounced O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -5 O -, O -( O -b O -) O -a O -higher O -VMAX O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -5 O -compared O -with O -the O -VMAX O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -7 O -and O -( O -c O -) O -the O -absence O -of O -substate O -inhibition O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -5 O -to O -ornithine B-Chemical -was O -elevated O -up O -to O -a O -concentration O -above O -approximately O -1 O -. O -5 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -of O -acute O -and O -chronic O -studies O -indicated O -that O -flurbiprofen B-Chemical -was O -extremely O -effective O -in O -suppressing O -both O -fluid O -and O -cellular O -phases O -of O -inflammation O -and O -, O -in O -this O -model O -, O -was O -comparable O -in O -potency O -to O -prednisolone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -permissive O -role O -of O -glucocorticoids O -in O -the O -development O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -dependence O -and O -tolerance O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -chronic O -ethanol B-Chemical -treatment O -also O -induced O -susceptibility O -to O -audiogenic O -seizures O -during O -withdrawal O -( O -60 O -% O -incidence O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Adx O -mice O -receiving O -daily O -injections O -of O -corticosterone B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -mouse O -) O -, O -the O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -increase O -of O -brain O -TPH O -activity O -and O -the O -occurrence O -of O -withdrawal O -audiogenic O -seizures O -were O -both O -restored O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -noted O -that O -in O -all O -three O -cases O -replacement O -with O -such O -large O -doses O -of O -the O -corticoid O -did O -not O -enhance O -the O -ethanol B-Chemical -effects O -, O -but O -merely O -restored O -the O -effects O -to O -the O -levels O -observed O -in O -intact O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Carbromal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -promethazine I-Chemical -combination O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -cutaneous O -reaction O -appears O -to O -be O -more O -likely O -in O -patients O -with O -a O -history O -of O -previous O -allergy O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -and O -other O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -ring O -- O -current O -- O -shifted O -apolar O -methyl O -resonance O -in O -the O -high O -- O -field O -region O -of O -the O -spectrum O -, O -together O -with O -a O -perturbation O -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -ring O -proton O -resonance O -in O -the O -low O -- O -field O -region O -, O -indicated O -the O -existence O -of O -a O -specific O -tertiary O -fold O -in O -the O -polypeptide O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzene I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tricarboxylate I-Chemical -on O -pyruvate B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -rat O -- O -liver O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -carboxylation O -was O -observed O -with O -both O -intact O -mitochondria O -and O -with O -the O -solubilized O -pyruvate B-Chemical -carboxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -pyruvate B-Chemical -carboxylase O -is O -exclusively O -localized O -in O -the O -mitochondrial O -matrix O -space O -it O -was O -concluded O -that O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzene I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tricarboxylate I-Chemical -penetrates O -into O -this O -compartment O -. O - -aps B-category -Indeed O -, O -in O -spite O -of O -a O -relatively O -low O -affinity O -, O -charcoal B-Chemical -adsorption O -can O -be O -used O -for O -its O -measurement O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostatic O -binding O -protein O -has O -the O -following O -physicochemical O -characteristics O -: O -it O -is O -precipitated O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -between O -50 O -and O -70 O -% O -saturation O -; O -the O -elution O -position O -from O -a O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -100 O -column O -corresponds O -to O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -51000 O -; O -it O -sediments O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradients O -at O -3 O -. O -7 O -S O -and O -is O -eluted O -from O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -columns O -at O -about O -0 O -. O -25 O -M O -KCl O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -and O -properties O -of O -the O -monomeric O -form O -of O -the O -crystalline O -and O -homogeneous O -mung O -bean O -nucleotide B-Chemical -pyrophosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -paper O -describes O -some O -of O -the O -characteristic O -properties O -of O -an O -altered O -form O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -from O -a O -mutant O -of O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -steady O -- O -state O -intracellular O -levels O -of O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -in O -the O -mutant O -suggest O -mechanisms O -that O -prevent O -depletion O -of O -this O -metabolite O -despite O -an O -active O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -Order O -- O -disorder O -conformation O -transition O -of O -hydrocarbon O -chains O -in O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -But O -it O -did O -not O -amplify O -the O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -by O -glucagon O -or O -insulin O -or O -the O -activities O -of O -enzymes O -that O -are O -not O -induced O -by O -glucocorticoid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amplification O -was O -observed O -when O -the O -amplifier O -was O -administered O -before O -or O -with O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -when O -it O -was O -given O -2 O -h O -after O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lack O -of O -functional O -correlation O -of O -its O -catalytic O -activity O -with O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -inhibitor O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -transport O -systems O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -caused O -no O -significant O -change O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -enzyme O -catalysis O -. O - -aps B-category -wt O -215000 O -) O -derivative O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -, O -which O -is O -believed O -to O -be O -unable O -to O -penetrate O -into O -intact O -cells O -, O -caused O -marked O -inhibition O -of O -the O -rate O -of O -p O -- O -nitroaniline O -release O -from O -the O -synthetic O -substrate O -by O -the O -tumor O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -transport O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -leucine B-Chemical -, O -glycine B-Chemical -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -into O -cells O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -the O -inactivation O -of O -this O -enzyme O -with O -the O -affinity O -label O -. O - -aps B-category -Reaction O -of O -yeast O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -with O -iodoacetamide O -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -data O -suggest O -that O -a O -number O -of O -lysine O -, O -arginine O -, O -aspartic O -acid O -and O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -are O -masked O -in O -the O -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -Substrate O -specificity O -via O -ternary O -complex O -formation O -with O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -35S O -- O -sulfate O -incorporation O -in O -dependence O -on O -pH O -- O -value O -cell O -density O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -in O -ferredoxin O -- O -catalyzed O -cyclic O -photophosphorylations O -. O - -aps B-category -Alterations O -in O -temperature O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -receptor O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -or O -NaOH B-Chemical -to O -the O -solutions O -of O -lactic O -or O -pyruvic O -acids O -decreased O -threshold O -concentrations O -of O -H O -+ O -ions O -and O -increased O -intensity O -of O -afferent O -impulsation O -in O -the O -cat O -chroda O -tympani O -nerve O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -the O -influence O -of O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -on O -the O -perception O -of O -organic O -acids O -depends O -not O -only O -on O -its O -buffer O -properties O -but O -, O -probably O -, O -on O -direct O -action O -of O -CO2 O -appearing O -as O -the O -result O -of O -interaction O -of O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -and O -acids O -, O -as O -well O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -electrical O -stimulation O -of O -the O -autonomic O -nerve O -supply O -on O -the O -concentration O -of O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -monophosphate O -and O -the O -activity O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -in O -rat O -salivary O -glands O -and O -their O -relationship O -to O -the O -induction O -of O -growth O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -aspects O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydroxyphenethylamine O -) O -in O -an O -invertebrate O -nervous O -system O -: O -uptake O -, O -metabolism O -and O -analysis O -of O -receptors O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -and O -stimulation O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -release O -by O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -in O -the O -perfused O -mouse O -liver O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -attending O -their O -family O -practitioner O -with O -emotional O -disturbance O -manifesting O -predominantly O -as O -anxiety O -were O -treated O -once O -daily O -for O -4 O -weeks O -with O -either O -a O -pure O -anxiolytic O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -clorazepate O -, O -or O -a O -formulation O -of O -a O -specific O -antidepressant B-Chemical -together O -with O -an O -anxiolytic O -, O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -/ O -nortriptyline B-Chemical -, O -in O -accordance O -with O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -completely O -randomized O -design O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -simple O -and O -convenient O -to O -take O -, O -a O -once O -daily O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -formulation O -of O -fixed O -dose O -is O -likely O -to O -be O -too O -inflexible O -to O -achieve O -optimal O -therapeutic O -effect O -in O -many O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -one O -case O -dehydroemetine O -and O -mebendazole O -( O -Vermox O -, O -Janssen O -) O -, O -and O -in O -the O -other O -case O -metrifonate B-Chemical -( O -Bilarcil O -, O -Bayer O -A O -. O -G O -. O -) O -were O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -a O -new O -minor O -tranquilizer O -, O -CS O -- O -386 O -, O -on O -the O -after O -- O -discharge O -( O -AD O -) O -and O -behavior O -induced O -by O -amygdaloid O -electrical O -stimulation O -in O -freely O -- O -moving O -cats O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -cloxazolam O -, O -oxazolam O -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -chlordiazepoxide O -, O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -and O -chlorphromazine O -. O - -aps B-category -Chlordiazepoxide B-Chemical -had O -no O -apparent O -effects O -on O -amygdaloid O -AD O -and O -on O -facial O -twitching O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -CS O -- O -386 O -, O -cloxazolam O -and O -oxazolam O -are O -compounds O -belonging O -to O -a O -classification O -different O -from O -that O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -( O -Report O -37 O -) O -Effects O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -concentration O -on O -rat O -liver O -and O -brain O -monoamine O -oxidase O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -serotonin B-Chemical -served O -as O -substrate O -, O -difference O -in O -activities O -between O -the O -two O -oxygen B-Chemical -concentrations O -was O -not O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -100 O -% O -oxygen B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -harmaline O -showed O -the O -most O -potent O -inhibition O -of O -MAO O -activity O -in O -the O -liver O -when O -serotonin B-Chemical -served O -as O -substrate O -, O -while O -inhibitions O -of O -the O -MAO O -activity O -by O -pargyline O -and O -pheniprazine O -were O -weak O -. O - -aps B-category -Pargyline O -revealed O -a O -noncompetitive O -inhibition O -to O -MAO O -activity O -in O -liver O -and O -brain O -with O -tyramine O -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -as O -substrate O -, O -harmaline O -a O -competitive O -inhibition O -to O -MAO O -activity O -in O -liver O -and O -brain O -with O -tyramine O -as O -substrate O -, O -while O -noncompetitive O -inhibition O -to O -MAO O -activity O -in O -liver O -and O -brain O -was O -evident O -when O -serotonin B-Chemical -was O -used O -as O -the O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Minor O -tranquilizers O -( O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -, O -oxazepam B-Chemical -, O -bromazepam O -, O -medazepam O -, O -fludiazepam O -, O -meprobamate O -) O -at O -low O -doses O -increased O -ambulation O -score O -to O -145 O -approximately O -288 O -% O -of O -control O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Fludiazepam O -and O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -showed O -a O -maximum O -increase O -in O -ambulation O -at O -the O -same O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Trifluperidol O -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -ID O -- O -4708 O -( O -a O -new O -butyrophenone O -derivative O -) O -and O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -when O -given O -at O -low O -doses O -reduced O -ambulation O -, O -while O -at O -higher O -doses O -defecation O -was O -inhibited O -. O - -aps B-category -Clozapine O -, O -thioridazine B-Chemical -and O -floropipamide O -inhibited O -defecation O -at O -nearly O -the O -same O -doses O -which O -reduced O -ambulation O -in O -rats O -not O -given O -the O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -tratment O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -such O -as O -clozapine B-Chemical -which O -rarely O -induce O -extrapyramidal O -side O -- O -effects O -when O -clinically O -prescribed O -, O -inhibit O -defecation O -at O -nearly O -the O -same O -doses O -which O -reduce O -ambulation O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Calcium B-Chemical -containing O -antacids O -and O -acid O -rebound O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -inherited O -metabolic O -diseases O -are O -accompanied O -by O -a O -greater O -or O -lesser O -increase O -in O -blood O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -under O -certain O -metabolic O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Very O -large O -increases O -in O -blood O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -are O -found O -during O -muscular O -activity O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -concentrations O -can O -be O -as O -much O -as O -20 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -under O -these O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Therapeutical O -measures O -for O -treatment O -of O -increased O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -future O -, O -prognosis O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -emia O -should O -be O -better O -if O -the O -diagnostic O -measures O -and O -differential O -diagnosis O -are O -improved O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -process O -is O -quite O -different O -when O -studied O -in O -10 O -- O -4N O -or O -2 O -- O -10 O -- O -1N O -NaOH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -confirm O -that O -oxidized O -glutathione B-Chemical -undergoes O -beta O -- O -elimination O -at O -high O -pH O -values O -, O -and O -that O -persulfide O -groups O -absorb O -not O -only O -at O -335 O -nm O -( O -as O -already O -known O -) O -but O -also O -at O -240 O -nm O -where O -, O -under O -our O -conditions O -, O -the O -contribution O -of O -other O -absorbing O -species O -is O -not O -very O -high O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetic O -study O -of O -fluorescence O -stopped O -- O -flow O -method O -suggested O -that O -the O -interaction O -between O -lipoxygenase O -and O -H2O2 B-Chemical -is O -consistent O -with O -a O -simple O -irreversible O -one O -- O -step O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fluorescence O -quenching O -of O -lipoxygenase O -by O -H2O2 B-Chemical -was O -in O -parallel O -with O -the O -inactivation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -are O -consistent O -with O -an O -interpretation O -that O -OH O -- O -and O -/ O -or O -O O -- O -- O -are O -produced O -when O -the O -iron B-Chemical -of O -the O -enzyme O -is O -oxidized O -by O -H2O2 B-Chemical -, O -which O -in O -turn O -will O -attack O -some O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -essential O -for O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -rate O -constants O -for O -the O -decay O -of O -ascorbate O -free O -radical O -in O -aqueous O -solutions O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -heavy O -metal O -ions O -, O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -and O -sulphite O -were O -measured O -the O -ESR O -- O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -and O -other O -adrenergic O -agents O -on O -intraocular O -pressure O -in O -the O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -Epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -decreased O -IOP O -in O -normotensive O -rabbits O -, O -whereas O -propranolol B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -alpha O -- O -chymotrypsin O -- O -induced O -ocular O -hypertension O -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -and O -timolol B-Chemical -were O -essentially O -equally O -effective O -, O -whereas O -propranolol B-Chemical -exhibited O -only O -weak O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -in O -the O -acqueous O -humor O -after O -topical O -application O -of O -effective O -hypotensive O -doses O -was O -relatively O -high O -as O -compared O -to O -that O -found O -in O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymeconsists O -of O -189 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -per O -molecule O -, O -neutral O -and O -acidic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -being O -present O -in O -high O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylalnine O -and O -arginine O -formed O -the O -amino B-Chemical -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -of O -alhagain O -, O -while O -aspartic O -acid O -and O -serine O -were O -identified O -as O -its O -carboxy O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglyceric O -acid O -( O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -) O -, O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -( O -ATP O -) O -, O -inositol B-Chemical -tetraphosphate O -( O -ITP O -) O -, O -inositol B-Chemical -pentaphosphate O -( O -IPP O -) O -, O -and O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -( O -IHP O -) O -on O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -whole O -stripped O -hemoglobin O -( O -WSH O -) O -, O -hemoglobin O -H O -( O -Hb O -- O -H O -; O -hatching O -hemoglobin O -) O -, O -hemoglobin O -A O -( O -Hb O -- O -A O -) O -, O -and O -hemoglobin O -D O -( O -Hb O -- O -D O -) O -isolated O -from O -erythrocytes O -( O -RBC O -) O -of O -the O -25 O -- O -day O -turkey O -embryo O -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -shows O -a O -slightly O -greater O -effect O -on O -reducing O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -Hb O -- O -H O -than O -on O -either O -adult O -- O -type O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -various O -organic O -phosphates O -upon O -the O -Hill O -constant O -, O -n O -, O -of O -these O -purified O -hemoglobins O -is O -variable O -but O -appears O -to O -reach O -a O -maximum O -when O -the O -molar O -ratio O -of O -organic O -phosphate B-Chemical -to O -hemoglobin O -( O -tetramer O -) O -is O -2 O -or O -greater O -. O - -aps B-category -Temperature O -- O -dependent O -change O -in O -hemoglobin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxygen I-Chemical -affinity O -was O -measured O -as O -a O -function O -of O -hemoglobin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxygen I-Chemical -saturation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -DPG O -on O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -is O -reduced O -at O -a O -high O -temperature O -and O -elevated O -at O -low O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulatory O -mutations O -in O -the O -Klebsiella O -aerogenes O -structural O -gene O -for O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Repression O -appeared O -to O -be O -mediated O -by O -a O -high O -level O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -probably O -by O -a O -high O -ratio O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -to O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -. O - -aps B-category -Autogenous O -regulation O -of O -the O -synthesis O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -Klebsiella O -aerogenes O -. O - -aps B-category -Complementation O -tests O -with O -these O -episomes O -showed O -that O -the O -glnA4 O -mutation O -( O -leading O -to O -the O -constitutive O -synthesis O -of O -active O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -) O -was O -in O -the O -gene O -identified O -by O -mutations O -glnA20 O -, O -glnA51 O -, O -and O -glnA5 O -as O -the O -structural O -gene O -for O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -we O -discuss O -a O -model O -that O -explains O -the O -several O -phenotypes O -associated O -with O -mutations O -such O -as O -glnA4 O -located O -within O -the O -structural O -gene O -for O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -leading O -to O -constitutive O -synthesis O -of O -active O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Diploid O -cells O -of O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -underwent O -meiosis O -and O -sporulation O -when O -placed O -in O -1 O -% O -potassium B-Chemical -acetate O -sporulation O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -sporulating O -cells O -buffered O -below O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -, O -the O -incorporation O -of O -radioactive O -adenine O -and O -lysine O -was O -greatly O -enhanced O -and O -cells O -became O -sensitive O -to O -inhibition O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -and O -canavanine O -. O - -aps B-category -Late O -during O -sporulation O -, O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -produces O -glucose B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -GlcDH O -; O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -47 O -) O -, O -which O -can O -react O -with O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -or O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -and O -can O -use O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -( O -NAD O -) O -or O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -NADP O -) O -as O -a O -cofactor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -product O -of O -synthesis O -with O -all O -strains O -after O -very O -short O -labeling O -times O -consisted O -principally O -of O -short O -fragments O -that O -sedimented O -at O -approximately O -4S O -in O -alkali B-Chemical -; O -with O -longer O -pulse O -times O -or O -a O -chase O -with O -unlabeled O -nucleotides O -, O -they O -grew O -to O -a O -more O -heterogenous O -size O -, O -with O -an O -average O -of O -6 O -to O -8S O -and O -a O -maximum O -of O -15S O -. O - -aps B-category -DNA O -pulse O -- O -labeled O -in O -vivo O -in O -a O -mutant O -capable O -of O -taking O -up O -thymidine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -, O -sedimented O -in O -alkali B-Chemical -at O -4S O -, O -as O -in O -the O -case O -of O -the O -in O -vitro O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -enzyme O -has O -an O -apparent O -minimum O -molecular O -weight O -of O -approximately O -50 O -, O -000 O -, O -as O -determined O -by O -gel O -filtration O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -Brij O -35 O -and O -1 O -mM O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -but O -forms O -high O -- O -molecular O -- O -weight O -aggregates O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -detergent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -Km O -for O -Fe2 O -+ O -is O -20 O -micrometer O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -copper B-Chemical -and O -9 O -. O -5 O -micrometer O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -20 O -micrometer O -CuCl2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Certain O -divalent O -cations O -and O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -reagents O -also O -inhibit O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Growth O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -, O -based O -upon O -the O -fermentation O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -is O -associated O -with O -a O -low O -intracellular O -level O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -shift O -in O -metabolism O -is O -associated O -with O -a O -marked O -increase O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -synthesis O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -itself O -no O -longer O -depresses O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -synthesis O -when O -the O -pH O -has O -fallen O -low O -enough O -to O -cause O -a O -shift O -to O -a O -non O -- O -fermentative O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -accord O -with O -this O -view O -is O -the O -observation O -that O -paraquat O -, O -which O -can O -increase O -the O -rate O -of O -production O -of O -O2 O -- O -by O -redox O -cycling O -, O -caused O -a O -rapid O -and O -marked O -increase O -in O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -delta O -muH O -+ O -above O -175 O -to O -200 O -mV O -, O -elevated O -proton O -entry O -occurred O -only O -in O -cells O -having O -a O -functional O -membrane O -- O -bound O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -stimulated O -, O -Mg2 O -+ O -stimulated O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphatase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -demonstrate O -that O -membrane O -- O -bound O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphatase O -catalyzes O -an O -obligatory O -coupling O -between O -the O -inward O -movement O -of O -protons O -and O -synthesis O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitrogen O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -assimilation O -in O -the O -cyanobacteria O -: O -purification O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -Anabaena O -sp O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -were O -conducted O -to O -optimize O -the O -production O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -by O -Anabaena O -CA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purification O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -Anabaena O -CA O -should O -stimulate O -a O -more O -detailed O -study O -of O -this O -enzyme O -and O -its O -role O -in O -cyanobacterial O -nitrogen B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -for O -the O -forward O -reaction O -( O -reduction O -of O -NADP O -+ O -) O -was O -7 O -. O -8 O -, O -and O -that O -for O -the O -reverse O -reaction O -( O -oxidation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -) O -was O -6 O -. O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -Citrate B-Chemical -stabilized O -the O -activity O -over O -a O -wide O -pH O -region O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -occurrence O -appears O -to O -be O -reversible O -since O -penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -secretion O -comes O -to O -a O -halt O -upon O -the O -timely O -addition O -of O -penicillinase O -, O -correlating O -with O -resumption O -of O -culture O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -n O -- O -alkanes O -stimulated O -one O -of O -three O -enzymic O -steps O -of O -lecithin O -biosynthesis O -from O -choline B-Chemical -; O -that O -is O -, O -the O -formulation O -of O -CDP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -choline I-Chemical -catalyzed O -by O -CTP O -: O -cholinephosphate O -cytidyltransferase O -[ O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -7 O -. O -15 O -] O -, O -an O -enzyme O -on O -the O -microsomal O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -H O -+ O -influx O -was O -not O -observed O -when O -lysozyme O -- O -treated O -cells O -were O -incubated O -with O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -or O -MgCl2 O -prior O -to O -the O -hypotonic O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -fragments O -have O -terminal O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -hydroxyl I-Chemical -and O -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -enzyme O -system O -of O -Mycobacterium O -smegmatis O -catalyzing O -the O -elongation O -of O -medium O -- O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -with O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -was O -obtained O -free O -from O -de O -novo O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -fractionation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimum O -pH O -for O -the O -oxidative O -decarboxylation O -of O -malate B-Chemical -, O -measured O -in O -terms O -of O -the O -increase O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -( O -MH O -activity O -) O -and O -CO2 O -( O -MC O -activity O -) O -, O -was O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -, O -while O -that O -for O -the O -decarboxylation O -of O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -measured O -in O -terms O -of O -the O -increase O -of O -CO2 O -( O -OC O -activity O -) O -was O -pH O -4 O -. O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rates O -of O -reaction O -of O -myoglobin O -with O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -at O -low O -pH O -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Upon O -removal O -of O -the O -nucleus O -from O -rat O -hepatoma O -tissue O -culture O -cells O -, O -levels O -of O -the O -enzyme O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -no O -longer O -change O -in O -response O -to O -withdrawal O -of O -glucocorticoids O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -of O -enucleation O -occur O -very O -rapidly O -and O -appear O -to O -be O -specific O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -a O -small O -number O -of O -other O -unstable O -hepatoma O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -glutamine B-Chemical -phosphoribosylpyrophosphate O -amidotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adenylate O -energy O -charge O -of O -human O -ejaculated O -spermatozoa O -was O -studied O -when O -the O -sperm O -motility O -was O -perturbed O -by O -varying O -pH O -, O -prolonged O -incubation O -, O -and O -caffeine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Below O -pH O -8 O -, O -the O -motility O -also O -dropped O -drastically O -, O -but O -the O -ATP O -, O -nucleotide B-Chemical -pool O -, O -and O -energy O -charge O -fell O -only O -slightly O -. O - -aps B-category -Caffeine B-Chemical -stimulation O -of O -the O -motility O -caused O -a O -rapid O -fall O -of O -ATP O -and O -the O -reduction O -of O -the O -physiological O -energy O -charge O -by O -0 O -. O -2 O -unit O -, O -unless O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -added O -. O - -aps B-category -Structural O -parameters O -of O -rhodopsin O -in O -disc O -membrane O -preparations O -from O -frog O -and O -cattle O -were O -studied O -by O -hydrogen B-Chemical -exchange O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -rhodopsin O -, O -other O -proteins O -generally O -have O -only O -20 O -to O -40 O -% O -free O -peptide O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -involve O -only O -a O -small O -fraction O -of O -the O -protein O -' O -s O -internally O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bonded I-Chemical -peptide O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -COOH O -- O -terminal O -669 O -residues O -of O -the O -peptide O -chain O -; O -comparison O -with O -other O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -this O -sequence O -with O -those O -of O -the O -vertebrate O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -of O -chicken O -and O -bovine O -liver O -and O -with O -the O -NADP O -- O -specific O -enzyme O -of O -Neurospora O -shows O -some O -similarities O -in O -sequences O -around O -residues O -previously O -identified O -as O -important O -for O -the O -function O -of O -these O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -these O -similarities O -, O -comparison O -of O -the O -sequence O -of O -the O -NAD O -- O -enzyme O -with O -those O -of O -the O -other O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -of O -known O -sequences O -revealed O -relatively O -little O -overall O -homology O -as O -determined O -by O -computer O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -plating O -medium O -using O -bromothymol O -blue O -( O -BTB O -) O -indicator O -is O -described O -and O -compared O -with O -eosin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylene I-Chemical -blue O -( O -EMB O -) O -, O -MacConkey O -, O -and O -Endo O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -aldosterone B-Chemical -on O -the O -coupling O -between O -H O -+ O -transport O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -6 O -h O -of O -addition O -of O -aldosterone B-Chemical -H O -+ O -, O -transport O -increased O -; O -so O -did O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -bladders O -exposed O -to O -aldosterone B-Chemical -for O -20 O -h O -, O -the O -relation O -of O -transport O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidation O -was O -significantly O -altered O -: O -control O -10 O -. O -8 O -, O -aldosterone B-Chemical -16 O -. O -4 O -, O -delta O -= O -4 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -5 O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -, O -n O -= O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -five O -additional O -experiments O -where O -aldosterone B-Chemical -produced O -no O -significant O -stimulation O -of O -H O -+ O -transport O -, O -no O -change O -was O -noted O -in O -any O -of O -the O -metabolic O -or O -transport O -characteristics O -measured O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -alterations O -discussed O -above O -are O -dependent O -on O -the O -stimulation O -of O -H O -+ O -transport O -by O -the O -hormone O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -observations O -from O -this O -laboratory O -have O -demonstrated O -, O -however O -, O -that O -the O -decrement O -in O -[ O -HCO O -( O -- O -) O -( O -3 O -) O -] O -, O -which O -" O -protects O -" O -extracellular O -pH O -in O -normal O -dogs O -, O -is O -simply O -the O -by O -- O -product O -of O -a O -nonspecific O -effect O -of O -Paco O -( O -2 O -) O -on O -renal O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -secretion O -; O -chronic O -primary O -hypocapnia O -produces O -virtually O -the O -same O -decrement O -in O -plasma O -[ O -HCO O -( O -- O -) O -( O -3 O -) O -] O -in O -dogs O -with O -chronic O -HCl O -acidosis O -as O -in O -normal O -dogs O -( O -Delta O -[ O -HCO O -( O -- O -) O -( O -3 O -) O -] O -/ O -DeltaPaco O -( O -2 O -) O -= O -0 O -. O -5 O -) O -, O -with O -the O -result O -that O -plasma O -[ O -H O -( O -+ O -) O -] O -in O -animals O -with O -severe O -acidosis O -rises O -rather O -than O -falls O -during O -superimposed O -forced O -hyperventilation O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -isolate O -the O -possible O -effects O -of O -secondary O -hypocapnia O -from O -those O -of O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -load O -, O -per O -se O -, O -animals O -were O -maintained O -in O -an O -atmosphere O -of O -2 O -. O -6 O -% O -CO O -( O -2 O -) O -during O -an O -initial O -8 O -- O -day O -period O -of O -acid O -feeding O -( O -7 O -mmol O -/ O -kg O -per O -day O -) O -; O -this O -maneuver O -allowed O -Paco O -( O -2 O -) O -to O -be O -held O -constant O -at O -the O -control O -level O -of O -36 O -mm O -Hg O -despite O -the O -hyperventilation O -induced O -by O -the O -acidemia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -response O -to O -this O -secondary O -hypocapnia O -, O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -fell O -by O -an O -additional O -3 O -. O -0 O -meq O -/ O -liter O -to O -a O -new O -steady O -- O -state O -level O -of O -13 O -. O -0 O -meq O -/ O -liter O -. O - -aps B-category -That O -the O -fall O -in O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -observed O -in O -response O -to O -chronic O -secondary O -hypocapnia O -was O -the O -result O -of O -the O -change O -in O -Paco O -( O -2 O -) O -was O -confirmed O -by O -the O -observation O -that O -plasma O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -returned O -to O -its O -eucapnic O -level O -in O -a O -subgroup O -of O -animals O -re O -- O -exposed O -to O -2 O -. O -6 O -% O -CO O -( O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -added O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -protein O -coagulation O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -those O -subjects O -treated O -with O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -were O -separated O -from O -the O -total O -atopic O -group O -, O -there O -were O -no O -significant O -differences O -between O -the O -atopic O -and O -control O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -analgesia O -in O -the O -management O -of O -labor O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -droperidol B-Chemical -together O -with O -phenoperidine O -on O -the O -mother O -and O -the O -child O -has O -been O -carried O -out O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -identifies O -trends O -that O -will O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -dramatic O -increase O -in O -the O -number O -of O -active O -physicians O -in O -the O -United O -States O -during O -the O -next O -decade O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -is O -described O -for O -the O -adsorption O -of O -selected O -macromolecules O -to O -colloidal O -gold B-Chemical -which O -is O -then O -used O -as O -an O -electron O -dense O -marker O -for O -the O -indirect O -detection O -of O -specific O -cell O -surface O -molecules O -. O - -aps B-category -Goat O -anti O -- O -human O -IgM O -on O -blood O -lymphocytes O -is O -detected O -with O -gold B-Chemical -labeled O -rabbit O -anti O -- O -goat O -IgG O -. O - -aps B-category -Colloidal O -gold B-Chemical -is O -inexpensive O -and O -preparation O -of O -a O -useful O -label O -is O -rapid O -, O -reproducible O -and O -the O -results O -easily O -quantitated O -from O -electron O -micrographs O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Multiple O -forms O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -in O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Sera O -with O -elevated O -activities O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -were O -investigated O -by O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -agar O -or O -polyacrylamide O -, O -and O -by O -gel O -filtration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -other O -two O -fractions O -reappeared O -after O -removal O -of O -the O -thiol B-Chemical -from O -the O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -electrodes O -indicate O -that O -ECl O -approximately O -Em O -when O -the O -cells O -are O -bathed O -in O -normal O -barnacle O -saline O -, O -and O -both O -electrodes O -showed O -the O -rate O -of O -Cl O -washout O -( O -tau O -approximately O -5 O -min O -) O -to O -be O -independent O -of O -Cli O -when O -Cl0 O -was O -replaced O -by O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -polysaccharide O -was O -formed O -from O -a O -variety O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -substrates O -and O -its O -composition O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -the O -nature O -of O -the O -carbohydrate O -source O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -efficiency O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -conversion O -into O -exopolysaccharide O -was O -low O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimum O -polymerase O -activity O -was O -found O -between O -45 O -to O -50 O -degrees O -C O -, O -at O -pH O -8 O -, O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -10 O -mM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -magnesium I-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -tyrosine B-Chemical -level O -controls O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Striatal O -homovanillic O -acid O -levels O -increased O -in O -probenecid O -- O -treated O -animals O -to O -the O -same O -range O -whether O -they O -were O -given O -tyrosine B-Chemical -or O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interactions O -of O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -and O -lergotrile O -with O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Lergotrile O -has O -a O -higher O -affinity O -for O -the O -H3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopamine I-Chemical -binding O -to O -bovine O -striatal O -membranes O -than O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -lergotrile O -and O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -are O -mixed O -putative O -agonist O -- O -antagonist O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -postsynaptic O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -these O -ergot B-Chemical -alkaloids O -behave O -as O -mixed O -agonist O -- O -antagonist O -also O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -presynaptic O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -displacing O -potencies O -of O -the O -tested O -DH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ergot I-Chemical -alkaloids O -and O -of O -the O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -indicate O -that O -they O -have O -a O -high O -affinity O -for O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreceptors O -in O -the O -CNS O -. O - -aps B-category -Adults O -differed O -markedly O -from O -the O -spargana O -in O -that O -quantitatively O -the O -most O -significant O -products O -of O -the O -former O -were O -acetate O -and O -propionate O -while O -the O -latter O -formed O -primarily O -acetate O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -the O -dissolution O -rates O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -tablets O -in O -a O -rotating O -- O -basket O -with O -those O -in O -a O -Sartorius O -dissolution O -tester O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -it O -was O -difficult O -to O -ensure O -that O -the O -characteristic O -changes O -in O -the O -process O -of O -dissolution O -paralleled O -the O -curves O -obtained O -from O -a O -plot O -of O -% O -caffeine B-Chemical -dissolved O -vs O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -age O -and O -thyroid O -hormones O -upon O -the O -ability O -of O -chick O -heart O -homogenates O -to O -metabolize O -monoamines B-Chemical -has O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -activities O -of O -both O -clorgyline O -- O -sensitive O -and O -resistant O -enzymes O -are O -increased O -by O -the O -same O -proportion O -by O -increase O -in O -age O -or O -by O -treatment O -with O -( O -- O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -thyroxine I-Chemical -, O -and O -decreased O -by O -2 O -- O -thiouracil O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -agonist O -was O -compared O -with O -( O -- O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -isoprenaline I-Chemical -as O -the O -reference O -by O -constructing O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -. O - -aps B-category -Statistical O -analysis O -revealed O -that O -( O -- O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -noradrenaline I-Chemical -and O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -alpha O -- O -methylnoradrenaline O -were O -tension O -selective O -whereas O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -alpha O -- O -ethylisoprenaline O -and O -N O -- O -methyldopamine O -were O -rate O -selective O -relative O -to O -( O -- O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -isoprenaline I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Apomorphine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -- O -2 O -- O -8 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -) O -, O -piribedil O -( O -2 O -- O -5 O -- O -10 O -mg O -kt O -- O -1 O -) O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -- O -5 O -- O -1 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -) O -had O -no O -influence O -on O -the O -duration O -of O -the O -hypersynchrony O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lack O -of O -effect O -of O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -agonists O -apomorphine B-Chemical -and O -piribedil O -, O -and O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -blocker O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -on O -the O -gamma O -- O -HB O -- O -induced O -hypersynchrony O -might O -indicate O -that O -the O -inhibition O -of O -the O -impulse O -flow O -in O -the O -nigrostriatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -system O -by O -gamma O -- O -HB O -is O -not O -involved O -in O -the O -generation O -of O -the O -hypersynchrony O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antagonism O -of O -gamma O -- O -HB O -by O -amphetamine B-Chemical -is O -possibly O -due O -to O -an O -indirect O -stimulatory O -effect O -on O -noradrenergic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -promethazine B-Chemical -on O -the O -antinociceptive O -and O -respiratory O -actions O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -have O -been O -examined O -in O -the O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -Gonadectomy O -abolished O -the O -interaction O -between O -promethazine B-Chemical -and O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -both O -sexes O -, O -although O -the O -intensity O -and O -duration O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -' O -s O -activity O -was O -greatly O -enhanced O -in O -these O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -interactions O -between O -promethazine B-Chemical -and O -morphine B-Chemical -required O -progesterone B-Chemical -, O -as O -well O -as O -oestradiol O -, O -replacement O -to O -obtain O -results O -approaching O -those O -obtained O -in O -intact O -female O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -a O -number O -of O -potential O -antagonists O -of O -dantrolene B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -have O -been O -studied O -on O -twitches O -of O -the O -isolated O -hemidiaphragm O -preparation O -of O -the O -rat O -stimulated O -directly O -at O -a O -frequency O -of O -0 O -- O -1 O -Hz O -, O -after O -complete O -neuromuscular O -block O -produced O -by O -tubocurarine O -or O -erabutoxin O -a O -. O - -aps B-category -Contracture O -was O -the O -main O -feature O -of O -the O -response O -to O -A23187 O -, O -the O -increase O -in O -the O -tension O -of O -the O -dantrolene B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -depressed I-Chemical -twitches O -being O -very O -slight O -. O - -aps B-category -OF O -these O -, O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -and O -quinine B-Chemical -were O -the O -most O -potent O -on O -a O -molar O -basis O -. O - -aps B-category -N O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -Carboxyphenyl O -) O -- O -4 O -- O -chloroanthranilic O -acid O -disodium O -salt B-Chemical -: O -a O -novel O -anti O -- O -arthritic O -agent O -without O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -and O -immunosuppressive O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dissolution O -mechanism O -in O -a O -system O -undergoing O -complexation O -: O -salicylamide O -in O -caffeine B-Chemical -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -shifts O -occurred O -at O -higher O -caffeine B-Chemical -concentrations O -on O -increasing O -the O -agitation O -rate O -or O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -more O -than O -one O -type O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -receptor O -in O -the O -human O -colon O -. O - -aps B-category -Relaxations O -of O -the O -longitudinal O -muscle O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -were O -antagonized O -by O -concentrations O -of O -methysergide B-Chemical -known O -to O -be O -selective O -. O - -aps B-category -Responses O -of O -both O -types O -of O -muscle O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -were O -partially O -reduced O -by O -tetrodotoxin O -. O - -aps B-category -PIT O -( O -0 O -- O -5 O -- O -- O -2 O -- O -5 O -muM O -) O -potentiated O -the O -ATP O -- O -induced O -contractions O -and O -also O -the O -contractions O -produced O -by O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -, O -though O -the O -potentiation O -could O -not O -be O -related O -to O -the O -dose O -in O -every O -experiment O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -two O -non O -tricyclic O -antidepressant B-Chemical -drugs O -on O -[ O -14C O -] O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -uptake O -by O -rat O -platelets O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -conditions O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -two O -non O -tricyclic O -antidepressant B-Chemical -drugs O -( O -Lilly O -110140 O -and O -trazodone B-Chemical -) O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Trazodone B-Chemical -also O -inhibited O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -uptake O -by O -platelets O -but O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -than O -chlorimipramine O -, O -imipramine B-Chemical -or O -Lilly O -110140 O -. O -m O -- O -Chlorophenylpiperazine O -, O -a O -possible O -metabolite O -of O -trazodone B-Chemical -, O -was O -about O -3 O -times O -more O -potent O -an O -inhibitor O -than O -the O -parent O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -was O -inhibited O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -H O -35 O -/ O -25 O -( O -1 O -- O -( O -p O -- O -tolyl O -- O -2 O -- O -isopropylamino O -- O -1 O -- O -propanol O -) O -but O -not O -by O -practolol O -. O - -aps B-category -Tazolol O -and O -H O -80 O -/ O -62 O -( O -1 O -- O -isopropylamino O -- O -3 O -- O -( O -p O -- O -hydroxyphenoxy O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -propanol O -( O -HCl O -) O -, O -selective O -beta1 O -- O -agonists O -, O -had O -no O -effect O -per O -se O -but O -inhibited O -the O -effect O -of O -terbutaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Tyramine O -did O -not O -appreciably O -affect O -the O -contractions O -nor O -did O -it O -inhibit O -the O -effect O -of O -terbutaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -and O -pharmacological O -studies O -on O -amineptine O -( O -S O -1694 O -) O -and O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -locomotor O -activity O -, O -stereotyped O -behaviour O -and O -hypothermia O -induced O -by O -amineptine O -were O -similar O -to O -but O -not O -as O -marked O -as O -those O -produced O -by O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -, O -and O -there O -was O -little O -or O -no O -anorectic O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -amineptine O -does O -not O -affect O -significantly O -the O -decrease O -of O -brain O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -induced O -by O -an O -intraventricular O -injection O -of O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -, O -an O -effect O -significantly O -antagonized O -by O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Amineptine O -thus O -appears O -to O -be O -a O -new O -type O -of O -antidepressant B-Chemical -with O -a O -brain O -biochemical O -profile O -differing O -from O -that O -of O -other O -drugs O -used O -in O -depressive O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -clomipramine B-Chemical -and O -desmethylclomipramine O -on O -the O -in O -vitro O -uptake O -of O -radiolabelled O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -into O -rat O -brain O -cortical O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -Modification O -of O -the O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -stereotypy O -in O -rats O -following O -inhibition O -of O -the O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -release O -by O -FLA O -136 O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopaminergic O -stimulation O -enhances O -the O -utilization O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -storage O -upon O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -characteristics O -of O -soft O -gelatin O -capsules O -containing O -digoxin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -analgesia O -, O -tolerance O -and O -dependence O -in O -mice O -from O -different O -strains O -and O -vendors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -stat O -titration O -of O -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxide O -gel O -was O -evaluated O -and O -was O -affected O -by O -pH O -, O -temperature O -, O -concentration O -, O -and O -ionic O -strength O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -stat O -titration O -also O -was O -useful O -for O -relatively O -nonreactive O -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxide O -gels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -stat O -titrigram O -was O -interpreted O -in O -terms O -of O -a O -previously O -published O -polymer O -model O -of O -the O -structure O -of O -a O -chloride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxide O -gel O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -solubility O -product O -of O -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxide O -, O -redetermined O -at O -25 O -degrees O -by O -means O -of O -pH O -measurements O -, O -was O -8 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -33 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -studies O -on O -the O -photodecomposition O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -monosodium O -salt B-Chemical -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -in O -buffers O -at O -various O -pH O -values O -, O -in O -methanol O -, O -and O -in O -human O -plasma O -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Riboflavin O -- O -enhanced O -photodecomposition O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -occurred O -in O -vitro O -in O -hyperuricemic O -human O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxidation O -rates O -of O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -free O -drugs O -seemed O -to O -be O -most O -strongly O -influenced O -by O -the O -inductive O -effects O -of O -substituents O -at O -the O -2 O -- O -position O -of O -the O -phenothiazine O -nucleus O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -the O -marked O -effect O -of O -structural O -variation O -in O -the O -10 O -- O -substituents O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -nucleotide B-Chemical -on O -the O -periodate O -oxidation O -rate O -most O -likely O -is O -an O -expression O -of O -steric O -effects O -related O -to O -an O -interaction O -between O -drug O -and O -nucleotide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stability O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -and O -dinoprostone O -was O -investigated O -at O -the O -extremes O -of O -the O -pH O -range O -( O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -3 O -and O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -10 O -) O -in O -the O -sequence O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -leads O -to O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -A O -leads O -to O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -B O -. O - -aps B-category -Separation O -and O -analysis O -of O -the O -E O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -were O -accomplished O -by O -TLC O -and O -UV O -spectrophotometry O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -a O -concentration O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -time O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -, O -each O -compound O -exhibited O -greater O -than O -50 O -% O -inhibition O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentrations O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -, O -epitetracycline O -, O -anhydrotetracycline O -, O -and O -epianhydrotetracycline O -in O -pH O -1 O -. O -5 O -phosphate B-Chemical -solution O -were O -followed O -as O -a O -function O -of O -time O -at O -four O -temperatures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -constants O -for O -tetracycline B-Chemical -and O -epitetracycline O -dehydration O -conform O -with O -those O -of O -earlier O -studies O -that O -used O -different O -experimental O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -animals O -receiving O -pentagastrin O -continuously O -, O -but O -not O -in O -those O -receiving O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -lowering O -the O -temperature O -in O -an O -antral O -pouch O -, O -or O -the O -application O -of O -local O -anaesthetics O -to O -its O -mucosa O -, O -increased O -acid O -and O -pepsin O -secretion O -from O -the O -main O -stomach O -when O -the O -antral O -pouch O -was O -fully O -innervated O -. O - -aps B-category -Exposure O -to O -the O -catecholamines B-Chemical -DOPA O -and O -Dopamine B-Chemical -caused O -a O -decrease O -in O -light O -sensitivity O -, O -while O -0 O -. O -01 O -mM O -norepinephine O -, O -or O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -did O -not O -affect O -photoresponsiveness O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -acetylcholinesterase O -activity O -, O -eserine B-Chemical -, O -caused O -an O -increase O -in O -sensitivity O -, O -while O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -action O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -had O -the O -opposite O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -ion O -, O -CO2 O -, O -pH O -and O -host O -cell O -culture O -age O -on O -the O -invasion O -of O -vertebrate O -cells O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Higher O -or O -lower O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -ion O -concentrations O -are O -increasingly O -inhibitory O -to O -penetration O -. O - -aps B-category -Monoamine O -oxidase O -and O -catechol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -O I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -transferase O -activity O -in O -Tetrahymena O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -substrate O -preference O -of O -Tetrahymena O -MAO O -was O -tryptamine O -greater O -than O -serotonin B-Chemical -greater O -than O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -activity O -increased O -with O -increasing O -pH O -from O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -to O -pH O -7 O -. O -8 O -, O -as O -does O -that O -of O -mouse O -liver O -MAO O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -nucleotide B-Chemical -phosphodiesterases O -of O -the O -renal O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -enzyme O -retained O -unique O -features O -of O -the O -herpesvirus O -- O -induced O -DNA O -polymerase O -, O -including O -a O -requirement O -for O -high O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -for O -maximal O -activity O -, O -a O -sensitivity O -to O -low O -phosphonoacetate O -concentrations O -, O -and O -the O -capacity O -to O -be O -neutralized O -by O -rabbit O -antiserum O -to O -herpesvirus O -- O -infected O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -oral O -ammonium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -and O -circulating O -immunoreactive O -parathyroid O -hormone O -was O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostaglandin O -synthetase O -systems O -in O -rat O -and O -rabbit O -renal O -medulla O -and O -inhibition O -by O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -steroidal I-Chemical -anti I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inflammatory I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -and O -rabbit O -PSSs O -produced O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -( O -PG O -) O -E O -and O -PGF O -from O -arachidonic O -and O -dihomo O -- O -gamma O -- O -linolenic O -acids O -and O -had O -an O -optimal O -pH O -of O -8 O -. O -5 O -and O -7 O -. O -5 O -for O -PGE O -formation O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Study O -of O -the O -parameters O -of O -a O -blood O -gas O -analysis O -in O -general O -anesthesia O -with O -an O -azeotropic O -mixture O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ether I-Chemical -and O -atmospheric O -air O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -inactivation O -of O -hepatic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyridoxal O -phosphate B-Chemical -also O -fails O -to O -elevate O -frog O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -and O -frog O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferases O -are O -stable O -in O -neutral O -homogenates O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -but O -are O -rapidly O -inactivated O -after O -addition O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -in O -millimolar O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Risk O -factor O -: O -nicotine B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -of O -( O -- O -) O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norepinephrine I-Chemical -by O -storage O -vesicles O -prepared O -from O -whole O -rat O -brain O -: O -properties O -of O -the O -uptake O -system O -and O -its O -inhibition O -by O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -prazosin B-Chemical -at O -the O -dunedin O -hypertension O -clinic O -controlled O -and O -open O -studies O -and O -pharmacokinetic O -observations O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -reflects O -to O -some O -extent O -the O -use O -ofa O -new O -drug O -in O -patients O -who O -are O -difficult O -to O -control O -, O -and O -its O -use O -initially O -without O -concomitant O -diuretic B-Chemical -and O -beta O -- O -blocker O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -dose O -must O -be O -kept O -small O -, O -preferably O -0 O -- O -25 O -mg O -, O -and O -even O -with O -this O -dose O -a O -small O -proportion O -of O -patients O -receiving O -diuretic B-Chemical -and O -beta O -- O -blocker O -therapy O -seem O -to O -become O -hypotensive O -; O -patients O -should O -be O -warned O -about O -this O -. O - -aps B-category -Prazosin B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -prazosin B-Chemical -in O -the O -management O -of O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Transplantation O -of O -marrow O -previously O -stored O -in O -liquid O -nitrogen B-Chemical -was O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -Development O -of O -central O -and O -peripheral O -catecholaminergic O -systems O -in O -rats O -addicted O -perinatally O -to O -methadone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -and O -enkephalin O -interactions O -with O -putative O -neurotransmitters O -in O -rat O -hippocampus O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -effects O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -on O -hematologic O -parameters O -and O -acid O -- O -base O -metabolism O -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Nutrition O -and O -transmitter O -amines B-Chemical -in O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -the O -effect O -of O -plasmagonadotropin O -as O -well O -as O -urinary O -chorionic O -gonadotropin O -, O -and O -of O -LH O -- O -RH O -on O -the O -plasma O -testosterone B-Chemical -levels O -of O -juvenile O -and O -adult O -dogs O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -study O -of O -beta O -andreoceptor O -antagonists O -on O -the O -isolated O -atria O -of O -control O -and O -of O -the O -reserpine B-Chemical -treated O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxprenolol B-Chemical -was O -the O -most O -potent O -antagonist O -of O -the O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -induced O -cardiac O -arrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -Atria O -isolated O -from O -reserpine B-Chemical -treated O -rabbits O -, O -showed O -a O -reduced O -percentage O -of O -increase O -in O -the O -heart O -rate O -in O -response O -to O -addition O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -better O -isolation O -of O -the O -microorganisms O -involved O -in O -cases O -of O -septicemia O -in O -the O -elderly O -will O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -more O -judicious O -choice O -of O -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dual O -nature O -of O -the O -membrane O -potential O -increase O -associated O -with O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -/ O -potassium B-Chemical -exchange O -pump O -in O -skeletal O -muscle O -fibres O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -elicits O -dose O -- O -dependent O -tail O -erection O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -which O -are O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -blocking O -agents O -showed O -a O -clear O -antagonistic O -effect O -on O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -tail O -erection O -( O -MITE O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Pimozide B-Chemical -and O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -were O -less O -antagonistic O -than O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -penfluridol O -and O -inhibited O -MITE O -only O -at O -doses O -which O -produced O -a O -marked O -behavioral O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -MITE O -in O -mice O -might O -be O -a O -useful O -model O -for O -the O -evaluation O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -apparatus O -is O -described O -that O -permits O -immediate O -immersion O -of O -an O -unrestrained O -behaving O -animal O -into O -liquid O -nitrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Experimental O -study O -on O -the O -H1 O -and O -H2 O -histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -system O -in O -the O -rat O -brain O -was O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -probably O -acts O -through O -a O -mixture O -of O -alpha O -and O -beta O -receptors O -in O -that O -both O -alpha O -and O -beta O -adrenergic O -blockers O -inhibited O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -accumulation O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -c O -- O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -modified O -method O -is O -described O -for O -determination O -of O -3 O -- O -methoxy O -- O -4 O -- O -hydroxyphenylglycol O -( O -MHPG B-Chemical -) O -in O -urine O -by O -gas O -chromatography O -with O -electron O -capture O -detection O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -24 O -- O -hour O -MHPG B-Chemical -excretion O -was O -1884 O -+ O -/ O -- O -591 O -microgram O -in O -11 O -normal O -subjects O -and O -1688 O -+ O -/ O -- O -593 O -microgram O -in O -20 O -patients O -with O -various O -types O -of O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -Variations O -in O -diet O -did O -not O -appear O -to O -influence O -urinary O -MHPG B-Chemical -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -haemoglobin I-Chemical -binding O -have O -been O -investigated O -in O -the O -aquatic O -turtle O -Psuedemys O -scripta O -and O -the O -terrestrial O -tortoise O -Testudo O -graeca O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -values O -agree O -well O -with O -earlier O -results O -obtained O -by O -a O -variety O -of O -methods O -; O -however O -, O -they O -do O -conflict O -with O -recent O -findings O -of O -a O -much O -higher O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -in O -avian O -blood O -which O -were O -obtained O -using O -a O -different O -plotting O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Sensitization O -of O -contracted O -tracheal O -smooth O -muscle O -to O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -spasmolysis O -by O -subthreshold O -doses O -of O -papaverine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Progress O -in O -our O -understanding O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -is O -reviewed O -as O -an O -example O -of O -the O -capacity O -of O -today O -' O -s O -scientific O -community O -to O -explore O -and O -develop O -new O -areas O -of O -knowledge O -. O - -aps B-category -Deuterolysis O -experiments O -suggest O -that O -hydrogen B-Chemical -cyanide O -polymers O -rather O -than O -aminoacetonitriles O -are O -major O -precursors O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -obtained O -from O -spark O -reactions O -and O -other O -studies O -on O -chemical O -evolution O -. O - -aps B-category -Repeated O -administration O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -reduced O -stage O -4 O -sleep O -( O -high O -delta O -- O -wave O -concentration O -) O -but O -produced O -a O -greater O -increase O -in O -stage O -2 O -duration O -so O -that O -total O -sleep O -time O -was O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Minocycline B-Chemical -treatment O -failure O -in O -pneumonia O -caused O -by O -minocycline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -Streptococcus O -pneumoniae O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -S O -pneumoniae O -isolate O -was O -resistant O -to O -a O -30microgram O -tetracycline B-Chemical -disk O -and O -showed O -an O -MIC O -of O -3 O -. O -13microgram O -/ O -ml O -for O -minocycline B-Chemical -and O -12 O -. O -5 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -for O -tetracycline B-Chemical -; O -these O -levels O -are O -considered O -by O -the O -manufacturer O -to O -indicate O -sensitivity O -to O -minocycline B-Chemical -and O -intermediate O -sensitivity O -to O -tetracycline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -case O -suggests O -that O -the O -levels O -of O -minocycline B-Chemical -considered O -to O -indicate O -sensitivity O -in O -vitro O -be O -reassessed O -. O - -aps B-category -Flunitrazepam B-Chemical -( O -Rohypnol O -) O -was O -investigated O -as O -an O -intravenous O -induction O -agent O -for O -dental O -procedures O -in O -15 O -patients O -in O -a O -private O -anaesthetic O -practice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -adequate O -anaesthesia O -can O -be O -maintained O -with O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -on O -gastro O -- O -oesophageal O -reflux O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -critical O -factors O -such O -as O -optimal O -pH O -, O -incubation O -time O -, O -chloride B-Chemical -ion O -, O -and O -inactivation O -by O -EDTA O -and O -8 O -- O -hydroxyquinoline O -were O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -method O -was O -applied O -to O -the O -assay O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -converting I-Chemical -enzyme O -in O -the O -rat O -serum O -and O -the O -reproducible O -values O -were O -obtained O -with O -a O -10 O -mul O -of O -the O -rat O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Lack O -of O -carcinogenicity O -of O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -was O -not O -inhibited O -by O -accumulation O -of O -product O -in O -the O -medium O -, O -but O -other O -steroids B-Chemical -such O -as O -progesterone B-Chemical -, O -epitestosterone O -( O -17alpha O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -4 O -- O -androsten O -- O -3 O -- O -one O -) O -and O -3 O -- O -oxo O -- O -4 O -- O -androstene O -- O -17beta O -- O -carboxylic O -acid O -were O -potent O -competitive O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -irreversible O -or O -covalent O -association O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rise O -in O -the O -level O -of O -carbonic O -acid O -in O -animal O -blood O -at O -practically O -unchanged O -pH O -causes O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -value O -of O -free O -[ O -NAD O -+ O -] O -/ O -[ O -NADH O -] O -and O -[ O -NADP O -+ O -] O -/ O -[ O -NADPH B-Chemical -] O -ratios O -in O -the O -liver O -cells O -cytoplasm O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -level O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -citrate B-Chemical -in O -these O -tissues O -also O -grows O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthetic O -drugs O -include O -quaternary B-Chemical -ammonium I-Chemical -compounds O -with O -antimuscarinic O -activity O -such O -as O -methantheline O -, O -propantheline O -, O -and O -other O -drugs O -such O -as O -isopropamide O -, O -pipenzolate O -methylbromide O -, O -and O -diphemanil O -methylsulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Method O -of O -stabilizing O -ketamine B-Chemical -anesthesia O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -studies O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -anesthesis O -with O -ganglionic O -blockade O -and O -without O -the O -latter O -illustrated O -the O -advantages O -of O -the O -suggested O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Content O -of O -NAD O -was O -decreased O -simultaneously O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -content O -of O -NADP O -; O -the O -activity O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -distinctly O -increased O -but O -the O -unaltered O -activity O -of O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenase O -was O -observed O -; O -content O -of O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -was O -increased O -15 O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Specificity O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -pre O -- O -tumorous O -diseases O -and O -cancer O -of O -the O -human O -stomach O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Content O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -was O -decreased O -in O -blood O -of O -patients O -with O -gastric O -carcinoma O -and O -increased O -in O -mucous O -membrane O -adjacent O -to O -the O -malignant O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -IgM O -and O -IgG O -antibodies O -against O -blood O -group O -antigens O -( O -A O -, O -B O -, O -D O -, O -C O -, O -c O -, O -E O -, O -e O -, O -Fya O -, O -K O -) O -, O -autoantibodies O -and O -mouse O -IgM O -and O -IgG O -antibodies O -against O -sheep O -erythrocytes O -have O -been O -eluted O -from O -intact O -human O -and O -sheep O -red O -cells O -by O -glycine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCl I-Chemical -buffer O -, O -pH O -3 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -isolated O -fat O -cells O -lipolysis O -proceeded O -optimally O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -, O -was O -stimulated O -3 O -. O -5 O -fold O -by O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -was O -not O -influenced O -by O -serum O -or O -protamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -lipolytic O -processes O -involved O -in O -the O -mobilization O -of O -triglycerides B-Chemical -from O -adipose O -tissue O -and O -in O -the O -uptake O -or O -triglycerides B-Chemical -into O -adipose O -tissue O -can O -be O -assessed O -separately O -, O -using O -the O -two O -described O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Induction O -of O -labor O -with O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F O -2 O -alpha O -( O -a O -comparative O -study O -using O -oxytocin B-Chemical -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -compared O -their O -results O -with O -those O -obtained O -in O -oxytocin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -labour O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -process O -of O -labour O -and O -the O -ensuing O -results O -indicate O -that O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -is O -less O -of O -a O -burden O -to O -the O -uteroplacental O -circulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -obtained O -in O -oxytocin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -labor O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -positive O -correlation O -was O -found O -between O -post O -- O -HCG O -testosterone B-Chemical -levels O -and O -pre O -- O -and O -post O -- O -LH O -- O -RH O -levels O -of O -LH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -and O -tolerance O -of O -a O -new O -antihistamine O -, O -HC O -20 O -- O -511 O -, O -in O -daily O -doses O -of O -2 O -and O -4 O -mg O -was O -compared O -with O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -( O -Periactin O -) O -8 O -mg O -daily O -in O -50 O -cases O -of O -chronic O -urticaria O -. O - -aps B-category -Action O -of O -enflurane B-Chemical -( O -Ethrane O -) O -on O -the O -neuromusclar O -block O -induced O -by O -AH O -8165 O -D O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -series O -of O -15 O -patients O -received O -only O -75 O -% O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -and O -25 O -% O -oxygen B-Chemical -for O -the O -first O -hour O -of O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -an O -hour O -all O -the O -patients O -received O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -AH O -8165 O -D O -. O -Dose O -- O -response O -curves O -were O -established O -in O -both O -series O -and O -it O -was O -found O -that O -without O -enflurane B-Chemical -the O -ED50 O -of O -AH O -8165 O -D O -was O -8 O -. O -29 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -and O -with O -enflurane B-Chemical -4 O -. O -07 O -mg O -/ O -m2 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -- O -blind O -comparison O -between O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -fentanyl B-Chemical -and O -sulfentanil O -. O - -aps B-category -Initially O -, O -morphine B-Chemical -was O -shown O -to O -have O -a O -significantly O -longer O -duration O -of O -effect O -than O -fentanyl B-Chemical -and O -sulfentanil O -, O -which O -for O -the O -first O -3 O -doses O -had O -similar O -durations O -of O -action O -to O -each O -other O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -identification O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -as O -a O -transmitter O -in O -neocortical O -efferents O -and O -discovery O -of O -toxic O -effects O -of O -excessive O -amounts O -of O -extra O -- O -cellular O -glutamate B-Chemical -or O -its O -analogues O -on O -some O -brain O -neurons O -offer O -an O -explanation O -of O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -Huntington O -' O -s O -chorea O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -so O -, O -the O -development O -of O -Huntington O -' O -s O -chorea O -could O -be O -prevented O -or O -arrested O -by O -blockers O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -transmissions O -, O -and O -folate B-Chemical -should O -be O -reduced O -to O -the O -minimum O -in O -the O -diet O -of O -the O -genetically O -marked O -families O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -blood O -flow O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -in O -rat O -, O -measured O -with O -microspheres O -or O -xenon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -arterial O -and O -cerebral O -venous O -concentrations O -of O -radioactive O -xenon B-Chemical -during O -desaturation O -were O -used O -to O -measure O -the O -blood O -flow O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -of O -cortex O -when O -venous O -blood O -was O -collected O -from O -the O -superior O -sagittal O -sinus O -, O -or O -of O -whole O -brain O -when O -the O -transverse O -sinus O -was O -sampled O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -middle O -- O -aged O -men O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -inverse O -correlation O -was O -found O -between O -serum O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -levels O -and O -body O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -mechanisms O -for O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -Mycobacterium O -smegmatis O -. O - -aps B-category -Participation O -of O -phospholipids O -in O -arterial O -metabolism O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -esters O -. O - -aps B-category -Pathways O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -oxidation O -in O -hepatic O -microsomes O -of O -acatalasemic O -( O -Csb O -) O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Optical O -and O -electron O -scanning O -microscopy O -can O -give O -evidence O -of O -external O -polymer O -deposition O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -internal O -chemical O -modification O -. O - -aps B-category -Variation O -of O -time O -, O -PH O -, O -reactant O -concentration O -, O -and O -addition O -of O -urea B-Chemical -had O -little O -effect O -on O -the O -extent O -of O -alkylation O -of O -BSA O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -only O -a O -few O -of O -the O -potentially O -available O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -groups O -of O -wool O -were O -observed O -to O -react O -. O - -aps B-category -Fish O -myofibrillar O -protein O -and O -lipid O -interaction O -in O -aqueous O -media O -as O -detected O -by O -isotope O -labeling O -, O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -centrifugation O -, O -polyacrylamide O -electrophoresis O -and O -electron O -paramagnetic O -resonance O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -fresh O -- O -water O -streams O -, O -the O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -water I-Chemical -breeder O -mosquito O -, O -An O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -the O -articular O -puncture O -and O -treatment O -with O -Ketoprofen B-Chemical -, O -the O -arthritis O -subsisted O -within O -a O -week O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -at O -which O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -entered O -the O -duodenum O -was O -uniformly O -suppressed O -for O -all O -4 O -monkeys O -during O -their O -first O -session O -of O -shock O -avoidance O -; O -during O -their O -last O -session O -, O -the O -gastric O -subgroup O -continued O -to O -show O -suppression O -while O -the O -duodenal O -subgroup O -returned O -towards O -control O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -substrate O -, O -prepared O -by O -diluting O -plasma O -from O -a O -nephrectomized O -, O -hysterectomized O -pregnant O -bitch O -, O -had O -a O -maximum O -endogenous O -substrate O -concentration O -of O -1 O -, O -750 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -equivalents O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -particular O -, O -the O -demonstration O -by O -Peraino O -and O -his O -associates O -that O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -may O -enhance O -the O -production O -of O -hepatomas O -by O -a O -relatively O -subcarcinogenic O -dose O -of O -acetylaminofluorene O -was O -one O -of O -the O -first O -demonstrations O -of O -stages O -occurring O -in O -an O -extraepidermal O -neoplasm O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -compared O -to O -animals O -receiving O -only O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -diethylnitrosamine B-Chemical -following O -partial O -hepatectomy O -with O -no O -further O -treatment O -, O -in O -which O -only O -a O -relatively O -small O -number O -of O -foci O -were O -evident O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -feeding O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -showing O -the O -same O -characteristics O -of O -OH O -/ O -H O -dependence O -were O -also O -observed O -for O -phenol B-Chemical -red O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanism O -of O -active O -chloride B-Chemical -transport O -by O -urinary O -bladder O -of O -the O -Colombian O -toad O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -there O -was O -no O -correlation O -between O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -RSCC O -and O -the O -chloride B-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Removal O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -from O -the O -bathing O -solutions O -eliminated O -the O -RSCC O -, O -and O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -inhibited O -both O -the O -RSCC O -and O -net O -chloride B-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -transport O -by O -removal O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -or O -addition O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -or O -amiloride B-Chemical -has O -previously O -been O -shown O -to O -produce O -an O -RSCC O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -active O -chloride B-Chemical -transport O -by O -Colombian O -toad O -bladder O -is O -stimulated O -by O -inhibition O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -S O -o O -fare O -the O -following O -parameters O -of O -the O -comprehensive O -test O -- O -program O -have O -been O -evaluated O -: O -1 O -) O -running O -performance O -in O -m O -( O -treadmill O -, O -20 O -m O -/ O -min O -, O -ascent O -15 O -degrees O -) O -, O -2 O -) O -motor O -activity O -( O -Animex O -Activity O -Meter O -) O -, O -3 O -) O -chemical O -contraction O -- O -relaxation O -of O -tail O -- O -tendon O -- O -fibers O -, O -4 O -) O -total O -lipids O -and O -total O -cholesterol B-Chemical -in O -the O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulpiride B-Chemical -is O -a O -new O -and O -chemically O -different O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -aminoglutethimide O -on O -calcitonin B-Chemical -sensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -injection O -of O -porcine O -calcitonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -castration O -in O -most O -of O -experiments O -failed O -to O -enhance O -calcitonin B-Chemical -resistance O -in O -aminoglutethimide O -treated O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -obtained O -with O -castrated O -, O -aminoglutethimide O -plus O -dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical -treated O -and O -castrated O -, O -aminoglutethimide O -plus O -epiandrosterone O -treated O -rats O -affirm O -the O -earlier O -observations O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -Estimation O -of O -plasma O -lorazepam B-Chemical -by O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -and O -a O -benzene B-Chemical -extraction O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -apparatus O -for O -ultrafiltration O -of O -small O -volumes O -: O -application O -to O -the O -measurement O -of O -free O -and O -albumin O -- O -bound O -tryptophan B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -Net O -lung O -bacterial O -clearance O -in O -normal O -mice O -is O -determined O -by O -the O -balance O -of O -in O -vivo O -bacterial O -multiplication O -on O -the O -one O -hand O -, O -and O -the O -defense O -mechanisms O -of O -mucociliary O -clearance O -and O -phagocytosis O -and O -killing O -by O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -alveolar O -macrophage O -on O -the O -other O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -observation O -suggests O -that O -an O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -independent I-Chemical -clearance O -mechanism O -is O -important O -in O -lung O -defense O -against O -the O -pneumococcus O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -reliability O -for O -performing O -total O -bilirubin B-Chemical -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -and O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transferase O -analyses O -during O -this O -time O -is O -reported O -, O -using O -methods O -modified O -in O -a O -preliminary O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -distinct O -forms O -of O -oxidases O -catalysing O -the O -oxidative O -deamidation O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -have O -been O -identified O -in O -human O -tissues O -: O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -DAMOX O -) O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -DASOX O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatotoxicity O -of O -erythromycin B-Chemical -estolate O -during O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Participants O -who O -received O -erythromycin B-Chemical -estolate O -had O -significantly O -more O -abnormally O -elevated O -levels O -of O -SGOT O -( O -16 O -/ O -161 O -, O -9 O -. O -9 O -% O -) O -than O -did O -those O -who O -received O -clindamycin O -( O -4 O -/ O -168 O -, O -2 O -. O -4 O -% O -, O -P O -& O -lt O -; O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -or O -those O -who O -received O -placebo O -( O -3 O -/ O -165 O -, O -1 O -. O -8 O -% O -, O -P O -& O -lt O -; O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -activity O -was O -abnormal O -in O -six O -of O -six O -participants O -who O -had O -abnormal O -levels O -of O -SGOT O -while O -receiving O -erythromycin B-Chemical -estolate O -. O - -aps B-category -Mutation O -of O -an O -inosine O -- O -producing O -strain O -of O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -to O -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -sulfoxide O -resistance O -for O -guanosine B-Chemical -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -mutants O -derived O -, O -guanosine B-Chemical -producers O -were O -observed O -frequently O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -resistance O -was O -increased O -further O -by O -exposure O -to O -higher O -doses O -of O -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -sulfoxide O -, O -another O -strain O -, O -AG169 O -, O -was O -obtained O -that O -did O -not O -excrete O -inosine O -but O -produced O -increased O -amounts O -of O -xanthosine O -. O - -aps B-category -Washing O -of O -bacterial O -cell O -walls O -released O -a O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -( O -LPS O -) O -fraction O -with O -high O -inducer O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enhancement O -of O -the O -alkaline O -Bohr O -effect O -of O -some O -fish O -hemoglobins O -with O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Improved O -procedure O -for O -X O -- O -ray O -photoelectron O -spectroscopy O -of O -selenium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -peroxidase O -and O -application O -to O -the O -rat O -liver O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -C4 O -photosynthesis O -: O -characterization O -of O -a O -protein O -factor O -mediating O -the O -activation O -and O -inactivation O -of O -NADP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -malate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -pindolol B-Chemical -on O -experimental O -hypertension O -in O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -rheumatoid O -synovial O -lining O -cells O -have O -up O -to O -four O -times O -the O -capacity O -to O -oxidize O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -the O -first O -step O -of O -the O -hexose O -monophosphate O -pathway O -, O -as O -do O -the O -nonrheumatoid O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydroxylation O -of O -5 O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diphenylhydantoin I-Chemical -( O -phenytoin B-Chemical -) O -by O -dog O -liver O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -incubated O -DPH O -with O -9 O -, O -000 O -X O -g O -supermatants O -of O -dog O -liver O -homogenates O -and O -with O -suspensions O -of O -separated O -microsomes O -with O -added O -NADPH B-Chemical -generating O -system O -, O -Mg O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -, O -and O -nicotinamide O -and O -have O -demonstrated O -the O -production O -of O -both O -m O -- O -HPPH O -and O -p O -- O -HPPH O -. O - -aps B-category -Gasping O -was O -strongly O -pronounced O -due O -to O -severe O -alkalisis O -, O -but O -it O -was O -somewhat O -mitigated O -on O -running O -on O -the O -belt O -with O -exposure O -to O -additional O -stress O -on O -account O -of O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -accumulation O -in O -the O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentrations O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -pH O -were O -determined O -in O -the O -CSF O -of O -20 O -normal O -children O -, O -36 O -with O -viral O -meningitis O -, O -16 O -with O -purulent O -meningitis O -and O -six O -with O -tuberculous O -meningitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -testosterone B-Chemical -in O -72 O -unilateral O -and O -83 O -bilateral O -cryptorchids O -, O -11 O -- O -45 O -years O -of O -age O -, O -revealed O -that O -, O -from O -13 O -years O -on O -, O -values O -of O -male O -hormone O -were O -lower O -than O -in O -the O -control O -group O -of O -69 O -normal O -boys O -and O -85 O -fertile O -and O -potent O -men O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -levels O -were O -not O -significantly O -altered O -by O -the O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -supply O -evidence O -that O -thiothixene O -accelerates O -central O -dopamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -man O -, O -presumably O -by O -blocking O -DA O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -also O -demonstrated O -the O -versatility O -of O -using O -monoamine O -metabolite O -analysis O -of O -the O -CSF O -as O -a O -tool O -for O -the O -quantification O -of O -biochemical O -effects O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -on O -the O -human O -CNS O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamine O -synthetase O -control O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fixation O -in O -Rhizobia O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -analysis O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -and O -dihydroorotase O -activities O -in O -wild O -- O -type O -and O -rudimentary O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -characteristics O -of O -the O -DHOase O -- O -catalyzed O -reaction O -which O -converts O -carbamyl O -aspartate B-Chemical -to O -dehydroorotate O -are O -briefly O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -protein O -is O -thermolabile O -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -precipitable I-Chemical -, O -and O -not O -completely O -specific O -for O -somatostatin O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -organism O -utilizing O -benzonitrile O -as O -sole O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -was O -isolated O -by O -the O -enrichment O -- O -culture O -technique O -and O -identified O -as O -a O -Nocardia O -sp O -. O - -aps B-category -Cell O -- O -free O -extracts O -of O -benzonitrile O -- O -grown O -cells O -contain O -an O -enzyme O -that O -catalyses O -the O -conversion O -of O -benzonitrile O -directly O -into O -benzoic O -acid O -without O -intermediate O -formation O -of O -benzamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -activity O -is O -inhibited O -by O -thiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -reagents O -and O -several O -metal O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -properties O -of O -a O -magnesium B-Chemical -ion O -- O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -- O -stimulated O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -from O -the O -outer O -- O -membrane O -fraction O -of O -rat O -spleen O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -substrate O -for O -the O -outer O -- O -membrane O -ATPase O -is O -a O -bivalent O -metal O -ion B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nucleoside I-Chemical -triphosphate O -complex O -in O -which O -Mg O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -( O -K O -( O -m O -) O -= O -50mum O -) O -can O -be O -replaced O -effectively O -by O -Ca O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -( O -K O -( O -m O -) O -= O -6 O -. O -7mum O -) O -or O -Mn O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -, O -and O -ATP O -by O -ITP O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -two O -- O -step O -binding O -of O -reduced O -nicotinamide O -- O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -to O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -obtained O -could O -be O -fitted O -by O -assuming O -two O -first O -- O -order O -processes O -were O -occurring O -, O -a O -faster O -process O -with O -an O -apparent O -rate O -constant O -of O -0 O -. O -85 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -20 O -s O -- O -1 O -and O -a O -relative O -amplitude O -of O -60 O -+ O -/ O -- O -10 O -% O -and O -a O -slower O -process O -with O -an O -apparent O -rate O -constant O -of O -0 O -. O -20 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -05 O -s O -- O -1 O -and O -a O -relative O -amplitude O -of O -40 O -+ O -/ O -- O -10 O -% O -( O -except O -for O -pyridine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aldehyde I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide O -, O -where O -the O -apparent O -rate O -constant O -for O -the O -slow O -process O -was O -0 O -. O -05 O -s O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -slow O -phase O -of O -the O -NADH O -release O -is O -similar O -to O -the O -steady O -- O -state O -turnover O -number O -for O -substrates O -such O -as O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -and O -propionaldehyde O -and O -appears O -to O -contribute O -significantly O -to O -the O -limitation O -of O -the O -steady O -- O -state O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Acceleration O -of O -the O -degradation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -rat O -hepatome O -( O -HTC O -) O -cells O -by O -inhibitors O -of O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -. O - -aps B-category -Preincubation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -with O -MgATP O -or O -ATP O -at O -pH7 O -. O -0 O -before O -addition O -of O -fructose O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -caused O -a O -rapid O -and O -much O -greater O -inhibition O -of O -activity O -than O -that O -observed O -when O -the O -reaction O -( O -carried O -out O -at O -identical O -substrate O -concentrations O -) O -was O -initiated O -with O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Fructose O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -Mg O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -, O -protected O -phosphofructokinase O -from O -inhibition O -during O -preincubation O -with O -ATP O -in O -a O -manner O -that O -was O -sigmoidally O -dependent O -on O -the O -fructose O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Positive O -effectors O -( O -K O -( O -+ O -) O -, O -NH O -( O -4 O -) O -( O -+ O -) O -, O -AMP O -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -) O -protected O -the O -enzyme O -from O -inhibition O -during O -preincubation O -with O -MgATP O -in O -proportion O -to O -their O -potency O -as O -activators O -, O -but O -citrate B-Chemical -potentiated O -the O -ATP O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Age O -- O -dependent O -changes O -in O -rat O -liver O -microsomal O -and O -mitochondrial O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -lipid O -peroxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -Phagocytic O -release O -of O -lysosomal O -enzymes O -from O -guinea O -pig O -neutrophils O -- O -- O -regulation O -by O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -, O -autonomic O -neurohormones O -and O -cyclic O -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -Relaxation O -of O -isolated O -guinea O -- O -pig O -tracheal O -smooth O -muscle O -with O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -, O -salbutamol B-Chemical -hemisulfate O -and O -clorprenaline O -hydrochloride O -, O -was O -markedly O -increased O -by O -continous O -infusion O -of O -DET O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antidepressant B-Chemical -characteristics O -of O -three O -indole O -alkylamines O -were O -investigated O -and O -compared O -with O -phenelzine O -and O -imipramine B-Chemical -by O -utilising O -specific O -pharmacological O -tools O -like O -reserpine B-Chemical -, O -amphetamine B-Chemical -, O -tryptamine O -and O -tetrabenazine B-Chemical -for O -determining O -their O -possible O -mechanism O -of O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potentiation O -of O -CNS O -effects O -of O -tryptamine O -by O -these O -compounds O -is O -an O -outstanding O -feature O -of O -MAO O -inhibitors O -, O -while O -imipramine B-Chemical -is O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potentiation O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -induced O -motor O -excitation O -and O -pentobarbitone O -narcosis O -has O -been O -explained O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -between O -two O -preparations O -containing O -quinidine B-Chemical -bisulphate O -as O -the O -active O -constituent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vitro O -dissolution O -rate O -of O -preparation O -B O -was O -substantially O -lower O -in O -intestinal O -than O -in O -gastric O -juice O -, O -whereas O -the O -release O -rate O -of O -quinidine B-Chemical -from O -preparation O -A O -was O -virtually O -unaffected O -by O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -dissolution O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -beta O -blockers O -on O -catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -modifications O -of O -myocardial O -metabolism O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -has O -been O -studied O -as O -preanaesthetic O -medication O -given O -by O -mouth O -, O -i O -. O -m O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -lorazepam B-Chemical -in O -doses O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -- O -5 O -. O -0 O -mg O -was O -a O -reliable O -, O -effective O -sedative O -which O -could O -be O -recommended O -for O -routine O -preanaesthetic O -medication O -, O -provided O -rapid O -recovery O -was O -not O -essential O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -and O -Althesin B-Chemical -as O -anaesthetic O -induction O -agents O -were O -studied O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -in O -97 O -patients O -undergoing O -abdominal O -or O -gynaecological O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -Recovery O -was O -more O -rapid O -from O -Althesin B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectrophotometric O -titration O -of O -pyridoxamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyruvate I-Chemical -transaminase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -30 O -) O -with O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -15 O -gives O -four O -equivalent O -binding O -sites O -per O -tetramer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -stabilized O -and O -markedly O -activated O -by O -potassium B-Chemical -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -Mutations O -resulting O -in O -an O -unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -requirement O -in O -Neurospora O -. O - -aps B-category -That O -the O -isolated O -enzyme O -is O -the O -rabbit O -counterpart O -of O -the O -well O -- O -characterized O -guinea O -pig O -liver O -transglutaminase O -is O -evidenced O -by O -the O -similarities O -in O -their O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -compositions O -and O -in O -their O -enzymic O -activities O -toward O -several O -substrates O -, O -together O -with O -the O -fact O -that O -the O -isolated O -rabbit O -enzyme O -is O -immunologically O -distinct O -from O -both O -rabbit O -plasma O -and O -rabbit O -platelet O -blood O -coagulation O -factor O -XIII O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -nature O -of O -guanine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -binding O -with O -ribonuclease O -T1 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -change O -in O -the O -internal O -affinity O -of O -LK O -goat O -red O -- O -cell O -sodium B-Chemical -pumps O -induced O -by O -high O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -is O -reversible O -, O -and O -specific O -, O -since O -the O -apparent O -affinities O -for O -ATP O -, O -ouabain B-Chemical -or O -external O -K O -do O -not O -alter O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -in O -sharp O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -the O -relatively O -flat O -pH O -dependence O -of O -uphill O -and O -downhill O -transport O -in O -unpoisoned O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -vesicles O -migrating O -towards O -the O -cathode O -had O -a O -higher O -molar O -ratio O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -to O -phospholipid O -( O -0 O -. O -75 O -) O -compared O -to O -those O -migrating O -to O -the O -anode O -( O -0 O -. O -55 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -with O -ribonuclease O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -and O -rapid O -assay O -for O -the O -measurement O -of O -permeability O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -into O -liposome O -membrane O -was O -carried O -out O -by O -using O -the O -liposomes O -trapping O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -: O -O2 O -oxidoreductase O -( O -deaminating O -) O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -3 O -) O -inside O -the O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Permeability O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -into O -phosphatidylcholine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cholesterol I-Chemical -liposomes O -depended O -critically O -on O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -order O -of O -permeability O -was O -norvaline B-Chemical -greater O -than O -isoleucine O -greater O -than O -leucine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -phenylalanine O -greater O -than O -tryptophan B-Chemical -greater O -than O -methionine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -valine O -greater O -than O -threonine O -greater O -than O -serine O -greater O -than O -alanine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -glycine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Transfer O -RNAs O -isolated O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -B O -grown O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -( O -FIUra O -) O -show O -variations O -in O -their O -aminoacylation O -levels O -when O -compared O -with O -normal O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -decreased O -activity O -appears O -to O -result O -primarily O -from O -fluorouracil B-Chemical -ionization O -, O -which O -in O -turn O -disrupts O -intramolecular O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonding O -and O -promotes O -an O -overall O -increase O -in O -the O -molecular O -dimensions O -of O -FIUra O -- O -tRNAs O -at O -elevated O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -D O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -Lysopine O -dehydrogenase O -catalyzes O -the O -reductive O -condensation O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -one O -of O -at O -least O -six O -different O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -reverse O -reactions O -, O -with O -preferential O -use O -of O -NADP O -( O -H O -) O -as O -a O -cofactor O -. O - -aps B-category -Coordinate O -and O -non O -- O -coordinate O -accululation O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -and O -dihydroorotase O -in O -synchronous O -Chlorella O -cells O -growing O -on O -different O -nitrogen B-Chemical -sources O -. O - -aps B-category -Analytical O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -- O -gradient O -centrifugation O -studies O -revealed O -that O -these O -cells O -contain O -a O -single O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -and O -a O -dihydroorotase O -with O -apparent O -molecular O -weights O -of O -160 O -000 O -and O -80 O -000 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -these O -enzymes O -accumulated O -in O -a O -coordinate O -manner O -throughout O -the O -cell O -cycle O -in O -ammonium B-Chemical -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -uracil O -and O -uridine B-Chemical -could O -be O -absorbed O -and O -metabolized O -by O -the O -cells O -, O -synthesis O -of O -these O -two O -enzymes O -could O -not O -be O -repressed O -by O -culturing O -synchronous O -cells O -in O -medium O -, O -containing O -high O -concentrations O -( O -29 O -- O -40 O -mM O -) O -of O -uracil O -or O -uridine B-Chemical -, O -for O -an O -entire O -cell O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -fragment O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -carbamoyltransferase O -( O -carbamoylphosphate O -: O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -carbamoyltransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -) O -of O -Neurospora O -crassa O -following O -proteolysis O -was O -found O -to O -be O -1 O -. O -0 O -- O -10 O -( O -5 O -) O -( O -aspartate B-Chemical -carbamoyltransferase O -- O -L O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -- O -fold O -) O -for O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -, O -and O -is O -strongly O -activated O -by O -glycine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -9 O -. O -5 O -, O -and O -they O -exhibit O -similar O -affinities O -for O -carbamoyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -purification O -of O -acid O -proteinase O -was O -performed O -with O -N O -, O -O B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dibenzyloxycarbonyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -hexamethylene O -- O -diamino O -- O -Sepharose O -4B O -affinity O -chromatography O -and O -isoelectric O -focusing O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -peptide O -bonds O -which O -have O -a O -hydrophobic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -such O -as O -phenylalanine O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -leucine B-Chemical -and O -isoleucine O -in O -the O -P O -' O -1 O -position O -( O -as O -defined O -by O -Berger O -and O -Schechter O -, O -[ O -29 O -] O -) O -are O -preferentially O -cleaved O -by O -the O -trypsinogenactivating O -acid O -proteinase O -from O -Asp O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -is O -described O -for O -the O -purification O -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -inhibitable O -isoenzyme O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arabino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -heptulosonate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthase O -( O -7 O -- O -phospho O -- O -2 O -- O -keto O -- O -3 O -- O -deoxy O -- O -D O -- O -arabino O -- O -heptonate O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -erythrose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lyase I-Chemical -( O -pyruvate B-Chemical -phosphorylating O -) O -, O -EC O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O -15 O -) O -to O -homogeneity O -as O -judged O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -an O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -regenerating I-Chemical -system O -resulted O -in O -an O -initial O -depression O -of O -both O -processes O -, O -but O -later O -their O -activities O -were O -enhanced O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -of O -control O -of O -the O -activity O -of O -carbamoyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthase O -( O -ammonia B-Chemical -) O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -2 O -. O -5 O -) O -in O -rat O -- O -liver O -mitochondria O -by O -variation O -in O -the O -intramitochondrial O -free O -Mg2 O -+ O -concentration O -has O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -could O -be O -achieved O -not O -only O -by O -depleting O -the O -mitochondria O -of O -Mg2 O -+ O -( O -by O -adding O -the O -ionophore O -A23187 O -) O -, O -but O -also O -by O -increasing O -the O -intramitochondrial O -concentration O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -citrulline O -synthesis O -by O -intramitochondrial O -citrate B-Chemical -could O -be O -partly O -reversed O -by O -addition O -of O -Mg2 O -+ O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -A23187 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -properties O -of O -a O -rat O -serum O -protein O -labelled O -by O -the O -injection O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -selenite O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -on O -the O -pH O -- O -dependent O -conformation O -of O -corticotropin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -dependence O -of O -the O -protonation O -constants O -on O -the O -length O -of O -the O -peptide O -chain O -, O -it O -was O -established O -which O -functional O -groups O -participate O -in O -the O -formation O -of O -intramolecular O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bonds I-Chemical -in O -aqueous O -solutions O -at O -various O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -leukocytes O -had O -been O -obtained O -from O -the O -peripheral O -blood O -by O -means O -of O -leukapheresis O -, O -using O -the O -IBM O -experimental O -cell O -separator O -after O -injection O -of O -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -of O -dextran B-Chemical -sulphate O -to O -increase O -the O -yield O -of O -CFUc O -upon O -collection O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -currents O -were O -studied O -under O -voltage O -clamp O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -neutral O -, O -amine B-Chemical -, O -and O -quaternary O -local O -anesthetic O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Single O -- O -stimulus O -inactivation O -curves O -were O -shifted O -more O -with O -lidocaine B-Chemical -at O -high O -pHo O -than O -at O -low O -pHo O -, O -but O -inactivation O -curves O -measured O -during O -pulse O -trains O -with O -any O -of O -the O -drugs O -and O -at O -any O -pHo O -were O -strongly O -shifted O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -effect O -of O -low O -pHo O -on O -amine B-Chemical -drugs O -was O -to O -reduce O -the O -concentration O -of O -drugs O -in O -the O -fiber O -and O -to O -protonate O -drug O -molecules O -on O -the O -receptor O -, O -thus O -trapping O -them O -in O -the O -blocking O -position O -for O -a O -longer O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Batch O -cultures O -of O -Trichoderma O -viride O -have O -been O -carried O -out O -in O -a O -10 O -liter O -stirred O -fermenter O -a O -controlled O -pH O -values O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -, O -2 O -. O -7 O -, O -3 O -. O -0 O -, O -and O -4 O -. O -0 O -and O -without O -pH O -control O -at O -a O -temperature O -of O -28 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Cell O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -concentrations O -and O -dissolved O -oxygen B-Chemical -values O -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activated O -agarose O -had O -a O -binding O -capacity O -of O -1 O -. O -2 O -micronmol O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -/ O -ml O -packed O -agarose O -or O -17 O -mg O -proteins O -/ O -g O -dry O -agarose O -. O - -aps B-category -Immobilized O -papain O -did O -not O -lose O -any O -activity O -after O -treatment O -with O -6M O -urea B-Chemical -for O -270 O -min O -, O -whereas O -soluble O -papain O -lost O -81 O -% O -of O -its O -activity O -after O -the O -urea B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -immobilization O -of O -papain O -imparted O -structural O -and O -conformational O -stability O -to O -this O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Sixty O -- O -four O -outpatients O -with O -ulcerative O -colitis O -receiving O -maintenance O -treatment O -with O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -were O -studied O -to O -relate O -disease O -activity O -to O -serum O -concentrations O -of O -sulphapyridine O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -that O -to O -be O -effective O -the O -metabolites O -of O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -must O -be O -delivered O -in O -the O -faeces O -to O -the O -lumen O -of O -the O -diseased O -distal O -segment O -of O -the O -colon O -. O - -aps B-category -Release O -of O -radiolabeled O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -GABA B-Chemical -from O -slices O -of O -rat O -striatum O -after O -intrastriatal O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -injections O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -the O -activity O -and O -amounts O -of O -enzymes O -synthesizing O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -in O -brain O -, O -adrenal O -medulla O -, O -and O -sympathetic O -ganglia O -of O -aged O -rat O -and O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -castration O -and O -testosterone B-Chemical -treatment O -on O -catecholamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -ventral O -prostates O -of O -normal O -and O -chemically O -sympathectomized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -least O -part O -of O -the O -LA3 O -+ O -response O -in O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -buffered I-Chemical -solutions O -was O -due O -to O -a O -pH O -shift O -and O -could O -be O -mimicked O -by O -raising O -the O -extracellular O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -[ O -H O -+ O -] O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -urinary O -volume O -and O -electrolyte O -excretion O -were O -monitored O -after O -the O -injection O -of O -cholinergic O -and O -monoaminergic O -drugs O -into O -the O -third O -cerebral O -ventricle O -of O -conscious O -male O -rats O -made O -diuretic B-Chemical -by O -an O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -5 O -% O -dextrose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -beta O -- O -receptor O -stimulator O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -ISO O -) O -induced O -an O -antinatriuretic O -and O -antikaliuretic O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocker O -propranolol B-Chemical -induced O -a O -natriuresis O -and O -kaliuresis O -when O -injected O -alone O -and O -an O -additive O -effect O -when O -its O -injection O -was O -followed O -by O -NE O -or O -HS O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholinergic O -blockade O -with O -atropine B-Chemical -diminished O -the O -response O -to O -NE O -and O -blocked O -the O -natriuretic O -response O -to O -HS O -. O - -aps B-category -Bile B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -and O -independent O -choleresis O -induced O -by O -bucolome O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -1 O -- O -h O -continuous O -bile O -collection O -studies O -, O -immediately O -after O -the O -interruption O -of O -enterohepatic O -circulation O -( O -acute O -interruption O -) O -, O -both O -bile O -flow O -and O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -excretion O -rates O -were O -significantly O -increased O -in O -rats O -administered O -BC O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -unlike O -the O -situation O -in O -control O -rats O -, O -bile O -flow O -rate O -was O -not O -significantly O -correlated O -with O -the O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -excretion O -rate O -in O -BC O -- O -administered O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -BC O -induced O -bile B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -independent I-Chemical -choleresis O -in O -both O -experimental O -rat O -groups O -( O -acute O -and O -chronic O -interruption O -of O -enterohepatic O -circulation O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Alteration O -of O -exogenous O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -caused O -by O -electrical O -' O -field O -' O -stimulation O -and O -its O -role O -in O -poststimulant O -relaxation O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -types O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinases O -were O -found O -in O -Fusarium O -oxysporum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -type O -( O -constitutive O -) O -was O -present O -under O -all O -conditions O -of O -growth O -and O -displayed O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -, O -a O -sigmoidal O -substrate O -saturation O -curve O -when O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -was O -used O -as O -the O -variable O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Fructose O -- O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphate O -, O -cyclic O -AMP O -, O -acetyl O -CoA O -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -, O -and O -phenylalanine O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -K O -+ O -, O -the O -bimodal O -plot O -observed O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -gradually O -changed O -to O -a O -hyperbolic O -shape O -as O -the O -concentration O -of O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Citrate B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -inducible O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -nine O -strains O -from O -the O -genus O -Monascus O -were O -cultivated O -aerobically O -to O -study O -the O -relation O -between O -nitrogen B-Chemical -nutrition O -and O -sporulation O -and O -pigment O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -source O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -is O -yeast O -extract O -or O -nitrate B-Chemical -the O -pH O -is O -around O -6 O -. O -5 O -and O -red O -pigments O -are O -formed O -, O -whereas O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -or O -ammonium B-Chemical -nitrate B-Chemical -the O -pH O -is O -around O -2 O -. O -5 O -and O -the O -pigments O -are O -orange O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -growth O -and O -best O -pigment O -formation O -occurs O -with O -the O -three O -other O -nitrogen B-Chemical -sources O -. O - -aps B-category -tap O -root O -nodules O -was O -investigated O -by O -comparing O -changes O -in O -various O -physiological O -and O -biochemical O -activities O -with O -changes O -in O -capacity O -to O -fix O -nitrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -activities O -of O -bacteroids O -as O -measured O -by O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -evolution O -from O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -succinate O -did O -not O -appear O -to O -vary O -among O -nodules O -of O -different O -ages O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -significant O -and O -consistent O -changes O -were O -observed O -in O -initial O -pH O -values O -of O -nodule O -breis O -and O -the O -initial O -decline O -occurred O -before O -( O -Calland O -) O -or O -concurrently O -( O -Beeson O -) O -with O -the O -initial O -decline O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fixation O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -clearance O -and O -production O -rates O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -at O -different O -times O -of O -the O -year O -in O -male O -caribou O -and O -reindeer O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -reappraisal O -in O -the O -light O -of O -clinical O -studies O -with O -clozapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -N O -- O -methyl O -- O -N O -' O -- O -nitro O -- O -N O -- O -nitrosoguanidine O -( O -MNNG O -) O -on O -the O -guanylate O -cyclase O -( O -GC O -) O -- B-Chemical -guanosine I-Chemical -3 O -' O -5 O -' O -monophosphate O -( O -cGMP B-Chemical -) O -system O -of O -rat O -colonic O -mucosa O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Increases O -in O -response O -to O -MNNG O -occurred O -in O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -extracellular O -Ca2 O -+ O -, O -whereas O -the O -two O -- O -fold O -increase O -in O -mucosal O -cGMP B-Chemical -mediated O -by O -carbamylcholine O -was O -abolished O -by O -exclusion O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -, O -a O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -alkylator O -, O -inhibited O -MNNG O -stimulation O -of O -GC O -and O -cGMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Prior O -incubation O -of O -MNNG O -with O -thiol B-Chemical -antioxidants O -or O -ascorbate O -also O -suppressed O -MNNG O -stimulation O -of O -GC O -, O -possibly O -through O -direct O -drug O -reactions O -involving O -nucleophilic O -and O -electrophilic O -reactants O -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -were O -lysed O -with O -a O -Dounce O -homogenizer O -in O -an O -isotonic O -sucrose B-Chemical -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intracellular O -distribution O -of O -acidic O -forms O -is O -comparable O -to O -that O -of O -acid O -phosphatase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -) O -, O -while O -neutral O -forms O -are O -localized O -like O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -27 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -comparative O -experiments O -the O -selectivity O -of O -prodrug O -activation O -was O -measured O -by O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -incorporation O -in O -tumor O -and O -normal O -tissues O -of O -CBA O -mice O -inoculated O -im O -with O -the O -transplantable O -mammary O -carcinoma O -, O -MA O -- O -21224 O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -new O -catecholamines B-Chemical -or O -related O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -some O -invertebrate O -sensory O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -emission O -maximum O -coincides O -with O -that O -of O -the O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -DOPA O -( O -475 O -nm O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -means O -improbable O -, O -however O -, O -and O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -phenomenon O -is O -due O -to O -the O -presence O -of O -unknown O -catechol B-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -induction O -of O -sister O -chromatid O -exchanges O -by O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -differently O -induced O -microsomal O -fractions O -of O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -- O -Methylcholanthrene O -induces O -little O -if O -any O -extra O -conversion O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -to O -SCE O -- O -inducing O -metabolites O -, O -compared O -with O -no O -induction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -difference O -found O -between O -the O -liver O -homogenates O -concerning O -SCE O -induction O -corresponded O -with O -the O -differences O -in O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -metabolism O -, O -which O -was O -measured O -as O -the O -decrease O -in O -NADPH B-Chemical -induced O -by O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -A O -gas O -chromatographic O -study O -of O -the O -composition O -of O -neutral O -and O -amino B-Chemical -sugars O -in O -two O -neuraminidases O -, O -of O -bacterial O -and O -viral O -origin O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -if O -Acetylcholine O -is O -the O -neurotransmitter O -inducing O -pharmacological O -activity O -of O -Scorpion O -toxin O -it O -is O -serotonin B-Chemical -which O -triggers O -activity O -of O -Anemonia O -sulcata O -toxin O -in O -ileum O -of O -a O -normal O -guinea O -Pig O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -development O -of O -heart O -failure O -in O -the O -cardiomyopathic O -hamster O -is O -associated O -with O -a O -decrease O -in O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -stores O -and O -parallel O -increases O -in O -cardiac O -sympathetic O -tone O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -we O -have O -shown O -that O -an O -accumulation O -of O -cardiac O -dopamine B-Chemical -accompanies O -the O -decline O -of O -cardiac O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acute O -increase O -in O -cardiac O -sympathetic O -tone O -induced O -by O -immobilization O -stress O -in O -control O -hamsters O -mimics O -the O -alterations O -in O -cardiac O -catecholamine B-Chemical -distribution O -found O -in O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -the O -increase O -in O -cardiac O -sympathetic O -tone O -in O -the O -late O -stages O -of O -hamster O -cardiomyopathy O -appears O -to O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -shift O -in O -the O -rate O -- O -limiting O -step O -for O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -synthesis O -from O -the O -hydroxylation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -to O -the O -hydroxylation O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -investigated O -factors O -influencing O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -activity O -in O -the O -course O -of O -developing O -criteria O -for O -the O -establishment O -of O -a O -standardized O -method O -for O -its O -determination O -in O -human O -serum O -at O -30 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -effects O -of O -pH O -, O -phosphorylatable O -acceptor O -( O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propanol I-Chemical -and O -diethanolamine O -) O -, O -4 O -- O -nitrophenyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -magnesium B-Chemical -ion O -, O -zinc B-Chemical -ion O -, O -temperature O -, O -volume O -fraction O -of O -specimen O -, O -and O -details O -of O -initiation O -of O -the O -reaction O -have O -been O -studied O -, O -with O -use O -of O -partly O -purified O -enzymes O -from O -bone O -, O -intestine O -, O -liver O -, O -and O -placenta O -, O -and O -sera O -from O -patients O -with O -a O -predominant O -characterized O -isoenzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -is O -preincubated O -with O -all O -reagents O -but O -4 O -- O -nitrophenyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -which O -is O -used O -as O -the O -reaction O -- O -initiating O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -sulfate O -increases O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -urinary O -17 O -- O -hydroxycorticosteroid O -glucuronides O -with O -beta O -- O -glucuronidase O -preparations O -derived O -from O -Helix O -pomatia O -because O -it O -removes O -the O -inhibitory O -activity O -of O -urinary O -high O -- O -molecular O -- O -weight O -substances O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -conditions O -a O -, O -analytical O -recovery O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -glucuronides O -added O -to O -12 O -urine O -samples O -was O -99 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -1 O -% O -( O -96 O -- O -102 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -an O -enzymatic O -kit O -method O -for O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -designed O -for O -continuous O -- O -flow O -instrumentation O -, O -with O -discrete O -bichromatic O -and O -centrifugal O -analyzers O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -, O -color O -develops O -within O -3 O -min O -upon O -exposure O -to O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -then O -begins O -to O -fade O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -concentrations O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -, O -substrate O -and O -coenzyme O -for O -this O -oxidation O -by O -sera O -from O -patients O -with O -disease O -of O -the O -heart O -or O -liver O -have O -been O -determined O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -linearity O -of O -this O -reaction O -is O -limited O -to O -a O -point O -at O -which O -an O -assay O -procedure O -employing O -a O -2 O -- O -hydroxyburyrate O -substrate O -seems O -unsuitable O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentrations O -of O -sulfapyridine O -( O -SP O -) O -and O -N4 O -- O -acetylsulfapyridine O -( O -AcSP O -) O -in O -the O -plasma O -and O -saliva O -of O -5 O -healthy O -male O -adults O -( O -3 O -slow O -and O -2 O -rapid O -acetylators O -) O -were O -determined O -as O -a O -function O -of O -time O -after O -a O -single O -2 O -. O -0 O -- O -gm O -oral O -dose O -of O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -( O -salicylazosulfapyridine O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -measurement O -of O -SP O -concentrations O -in O -the O -saliva O -may O -be O -a O -convenient O -, O -noninvasive O -method O -for O -monitoring O -indirectly O -the O -steady O -- O -state O -plasma O -( O -serum O -) O -concentrations O -of O -SP O -in O -patients O -with O -ulcerative O -colitis O -or O -Crohn O -' O -s O -disease O -who O -are O -receiving O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Carfecillin O -, O -the O -alpha O -- O -phenyl O -ester O -of O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -, O -hydrolyses O -rapidly O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -serum O -or O -body O -tissues O -to O -liberate O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -but O -hydrolysis O -is O -less O -rapid O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -tests O -in O -which O -the O -extent O -of O -hydrolysis O -is O -reduced O -, O -carfecillin O -displays O -lesser O -activity O -than O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -against O -gram O -- O -negative O -bacilli O -and O -greater O -activity O -against O -gram O -- O -positive O -cocci O -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -, O -carfecillin O -is O -well O -absorbed O -in O -mice O -after O -oral O -administration O -, O -producing O -significant O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -blood O -concentrations O -and O -the O -compound O -is O -as O -effective O -by O -the O -oral O -route O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -various O -experimental O -mouse O -infections O -as O -is O -parenteral O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Primary O -cell O -suspensions O -( O -containing O -both O -parenchymal O -and O -nonparenchymal O -liver O -cells O -) O -metabolized O -sulfadimidine O -, O -sulfanilamide O -, O -p O -- O -aminobenzoic O -acid O -, O -and O -isoniazid B-Chemical -approximately O -at O -first O -order O -kinetics O -for O -at O -least O -4 O -hr O -. O - -aps B-category -Suspensions O -of O -nonparenchymal O -cells O -did O -not O -metabolize O -sulfadimidine O -, O -sulfanilamide O -, O -or O -p O -- O -aminobenzoic O -acid O -during O -4 O -hr O -, O -although O -such O -suspensions O -acted O -upon O -isoniazid B-Chemical -to O -some O -degree O -. O - -aps B-category -Secobarbital O -was O -metabolized O -to O -compounds O -containing O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -groups O -in O -both O -chains O -. O - -aps B-category -Disposition O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -( O -T O -) O -, O -a O -new O -, O -potent O -, O -hypnotic O -agent O -, O -was O -studied O -in O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Disposition O -and O -metabolism O -of O -psi B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cocaine I-Chemical -( O -dextrococaine O -) O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -relationship O -of O -UDP O -- O -glucuronosyltransferase O -to O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -NADH O -electron O -- O -transport O -systems O -in O -Morris O -hepatomas O -with O -varying O -growth O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacologic O -disposition O -of O -4 O -' O -- O -( O -9 O -- O -acridinylamino O -) O -methanesulfon O -- O -m O -- O -anisidide O -( O -AMSA O -; O -NSC O -- O -141549 O -) O -, O -a O -new O -antitumor O -agent O -presently O -under O -consideration O -for O -phase O -I O -evaluation O -in O -man O -, O -was O -studied O -in O -mice O -and O -rats O -with O -14C O -- O -AMSA O -labeled O -in O -the O -9 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -of O -the O -acridine O -ring O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -radioactive O -biliary O -metabolite O -( O -accounting O -for O -90 O -- O -95 O -% O -of O -the O -biliary O -radioactivity O -) O -possessed O -the O -same O -chromatographic O -properties O -as O -the O -thiolysis O -product O -of O -AMSA O -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -( O -GSH O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -an O -attack O -by O -low O -molecular O -weight O -thiols B-Chemical -results O -in O -a O -product O -that O -is O -eliminated O -in O -urine O -and O -bile O -, O -whereas O -interaction O -with O -protein B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thiol I-Chemical -groups O -results O -in O -prolonged O -retention O -of O -the O -acridine O -moiety O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -metiamide O -and O -cimetidine B-Chemical -were O -used O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -severe O -peptic O -ulceration O -in O -Zollinger O -- O -Ellison O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -gastrectomy O -remains O -the O -treatment O -of O -choice O -in O -Zollinger O -- O -Ellison O -syndrome O -, O -but O -cimetidine B-Chemical -should O -be O -considered O -if O -the O -patient O -refuses O -operation O -or O -operation O -is O -not O -feasible O -because O -of O -a O -poor O -general O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -an O -effective O -diuretic B-Chemical -must O -also O -be O -used O -because O -minoxidil B-Chemical -causes O -sodium B-Chemical -retention O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -Study O -on O -an O -injectable O -combination O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -and O -betadrenol O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effects O -of O -clonazepam B-Chemical -taken O -per O -os O -by O -children O -with O -rebellious O -epileptic O -encephalopathies O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Clonazepam B-Chemical -proved O -to O -be O -an O -efficient O -contributive O -factor O -in O -the O -course O -of O -a O -curing O -process O -since O -, O -in O -70 O -% O -of O -the O -cases O -, O -it O -produced O -quite O -a O -visible O -amelioration O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymes O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -legume O -nodules O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -NADH O -- O -dependent O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -has O -been O -purified O -500 O -- O -fold O -from O -the O -plant O -cytoplasm O -fraction O -of O -Lupinus O -angustifolius O -nodules O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -is O -inhibited O -by O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -oxaloacetic O -acid O -, O -aspartic O -acid O -and O -asparagine O -, O -all O -competitive O -with O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -; O -and O -by O -NAD O -+ O -, O -which O -is O -competitive O -with O -NADH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -activities O -of O -catalase O -, O -alcohol B-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -of O -the O -gel O -- O -entrapped O -microbodies O -were O -36 O -, O -76 O -and O -31 O -% O -respectively O -as O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -free O -microbodies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -/ O -activity O -profiles O -of O -catalase O -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -oxidase O -of O -the O -entrapped O -organelles O -showed O -more O -narrow O -pH O -optima O -than O -those O -of O -the O -free O -counterparts O -. O - -aps B-category -Immobilized O -microbodies O -oxidized O -two O -moles O -of O -methanol O -to O -form O -two O -moles O -of O -formaldehyde O -with O -consumption O -of O -one O -mole O -of O -molecular O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -ATP O -- O -depleted O -cells O -, O -the O -maltose O -transported O -is O -partially O -hydrolyzed O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -but O -not O -further O -metabolized O -and O -therefore O -a O -mechanism O -of O -transport O -involving O -phosphorylation O -can O -be O -discarded O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -estimated O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -was O -increased O -in O -the O -operated O -leg O -the O -first O -10 O -min O -after O -tourniquet O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -of O -human O -fat O -cell O -ghosts O -: O -properties O -and O -hormone O -- O -sensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -101 O -patients O -were O -treated O -for O -acute O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -ASA O -) O -poisoning O -in O -the O -Nephrological O -Unit O -Trondheim O -between O -1971 O -- O -1975 O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -apparent O -difference O -between O -the O -diuretic B-Chemical -effect O -of O -bumetanide B-Chemical -and O -furosemide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -PGE1 B-Chemical -, O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -and O -4 O -- O -methylhistamine O -( O -4 O -- O -MeH O -: O -a O -relatively O -specific O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -agonist O -) O -contract O -pulmonary O -arterial O -strips O -but O -further O -increase O -in O -the O -dose O -of O -PGE1 B-Chemical -produces O -relaxation O -. O - -aps B-category -Cat O -trachea O -contracts O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -carbachol B-Chemical -but O -is O -insensitive O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -its O -analogues O -, O -BK O -and O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -and O -SRS O -- O -A O -contract O -cat O -bronchus O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -on O -the O -human O -penis O -muscle O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -- O -Methylhistamine O -, O -which O -acts O -mainly O -on O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -- O -receptors O -, O -stimulated O -all O -the O -penile O -strips O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -Burimamide O -antagonised O -the O -relaxant O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -of O -4 O -- O -methylhistamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -diazoxide O -, O -verapamil B-Chemical -and O -compound O -D600 O -on O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -dose O -- O -response O -relationships O -in O -isolated O -rabbit O -atrium O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -three O -agents O -shifted O -calcium B-Chemical -dose O -- O -force O -relationships O -parallel O -and O -to O -the O -right O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazoxide O -, O -verapamil B-Chemical -and O -D600 O -also O -antagonized O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -but O -in O -a O -non O -- O -competitive O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -diazoxide O -has O -calcium B-Chemical -antagonistic O -properties O -similar O -to O -the O -" O -calcium B-Chemical -antagonists O -" O -verapamil B-Chemical -and O -D600 O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -these O -agents O -act O -as O -competitive O -antagonists O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -through O -a O -specific O -site O -that O -is O -beyond O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -and O -in O -the O -series O -of O -events O -between O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -and O -inotropic O -response O -in O -myocardial O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -PGE O -- O -like O -release O -had O -a O -threshold O -at O -about O -2 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -of O -tryptamine O -or O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -did O -not O -increase O -with O -increasing O -doses O -( O -up O -to O -10 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -) O -; O -this O -release O -was O -abolished O -by O -methysergide B-Chemical -, O -BC O -105 O -and O -BW O -501c67 O -but O -not O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -depolarized O -aorta O -, O -PTX O -did O -not O -induce O -a O -contraction O -whereas O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -did O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside B-Chemical -inhibited O -only O -the O -effect O -of O -NE O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparison O -of O -an O -aceclidine O -tremor O -with O -arecoline O -and O -nicotine B-Chemical -ones O -in O -rats O -of O -different O -ages O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -some O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -adreno O -- O -, O -sympatho O -- O -and O -cholinolytic O -substances O -on O -the O -development O -of O -" O -traumatic O -" O -and O -" O -mono O -- O -iodoacetate O -" O -brain O -edemas O -was O -studied O -in O -tests O -with O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -rat O -' O -s O -myocardium O -the O -drug O -raised O -the O -pyruvate B-Chemical -level O -, O -increased O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dehydrogenase I-Chemical -activity O -and O -depressed O -that O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dehydrogenase I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -four O -test O -substances O -were O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -octopamine O -, O -2 O -- O -phenylethylamine O -and O -2 O -- O -( O -1 O -- O -naphthylmethyl O -) O -imidazoline B-Chemical -( O -Privin O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Radiopaque O -contrast B-Chemical -media I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -ionophores O -on O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -arsenate O -transport O -in O -Micrococcus O -lysodeikticus O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -effects O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -on O -lipid O -peroxidation O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -: O -pH O -- O -dependence O -of O -substrates O -and O -inhibitors O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymic O -activity O -of O -transient O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -- O -protein O -complexes O -of O -rat O -intestinal O -maltase O -- O -glucoamylase O -formed O -during O -dissociation O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Dissociation O -between O -cortisol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -pycnosis O -and O -inhibition O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -uridine B-Chemical -incorporation O -in O -rat O -thymocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -cortisol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -cells O -could O -be O -distinguished O -, O -and O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -for O -a O -number O -of O -glucocorticoids O -showed O -a O -correlation O -to O -the O -saturation O -of O -the O -glucocorticoid O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cortisol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -accumulation O -of O -pycnotic O -cells O -and O -inhibition O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -uridine B-Chemical -incorporation O -varied O -independently O -as O -a O -function O -of O -the O -cell O -density O -, O -and O -in O -a O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -medium O -only O -the O -pycnotic O -effect O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -became O -inhibited O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -series O -of O -in O -vitro O -studies O -, O -both O -the O -soluble O -( O -plasmatic O -) O -coagulation O -system O -and O -the O -cellular O -( O -platelet O -- O -mediated O -) O -aspect O -of O -coagulation O -were O -shown O -to O -be O -extremely O -sensitive O -to O -relatively O -minor O -increases O -in O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -activities O -of O -this O -compound O -resembled O -those O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serum O -corticosterone B-Chemical -level O -was O -increased O -and O -shortly O -after O -the O -elevation O -of O -corticosterone B-Chemical -, O -hepatic O -TAT O -levels O -also O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Acebutolol O -exhibited O -the O -beta O -blocking O -activity O -and O -inhibited O -the O -increase O -of O -serum O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -induced O -by O -adrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -hyperglycemic O -and O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -effects O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -acebutolol O -inhibited O -the O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -increase O -more O -effectively O -than O -hyperglycemia O -induced O -by O -adrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -acebutolol O -is O -beta1 O -selective O -, O -although O -its O -beta O -blocking O -potency O -is O -less O -than O -that O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Taking O -the O -used O -contraceptive O -method O -into O -consideration O -, O -IUDs O -and O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -caused O -most O -of O -the O -bacterial O -discharge O -and O -the O -expected O -shifting O -to O -alkaline O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Modified O -metabolic O -effects O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -in O -cold O -- O -acclimation O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -examined O -the O -interaction O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -administration O -and O -the O -infant O -stimulation O -procedure O -of O -handling O -on O -hormonally O -regulated O -enzymes O -of O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -alters O -serum O -corticosterone B-Chemical -both O -in O -response O -to O -the O -stress O -of O -fasting O -, O -and O -during O -the O -diurnal O -cycle O -following O -glucose B-Chemical -refeeding O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -also O -indicate O -a O -further O -modification O -of O -this O -system O -in O -response O -to O -lithium B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -the O -value O -of O -theta222 O -for O -the O -A1 O -protein O -changes O -linearly O -with O -increasing O -urea B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -a O -sigmoidal O -curve O -was O -obtained O -for O -the O -P2 O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -was O -determined O -by O -solid O -- O -phase O -Edman O -degradation O -of O -the O -aminoethylated O -derivative O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -with O -the O -known O -partial O -sequence O -of O -toxin O -I O -, O -which O -contains O -46 O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -Wunderer O -, O -G O -. O -& O -amp O -; O -Eulitz O -, O -M O -. O -, O -in O -preparation O -) O -also O -fails O -to O -reveal O -homologies O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -treatment O -of O -the O -native O -hemocyanin O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -and O -analysis O -in O -gradient O -gel O -slabs O -, O -6 O -polypeptide O -chains O -were O -observed O -( O -labeled O -a O -- O -f O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Germination O -of O -dormant O -arthrospores O -occurred O -only O -in O -rich O -complex O -media O -such O -as O -Sabouraud O -dextrose B-Chemical -broth O -or O -vitamin O -- O -free O -Casamino O -Acids O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -monosaccharides B-Chemical -, O -purines O -, O -pyrimidines O -, O -and O -nucleosides B-Chemical -tested O -failed O -to O -induce O -germination O -of O -T O -. O -mentagrophytes O -arthrospores O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -compounds O -produce O -an O -increase O -of O -slow O -and O -decrease O -of O -fast O -activities O -, O -anxiolytic O -substances O -induce O -an O -augmentation O -of O -fast O -waves O -, O -decrease O -of O -alpha O -waves O -and O -- O -- O -according O -to O -the O -sedative O -properties O -of O -the O -drug O -- O -- O -an O -increase O -or O -decrease O -of O -slow O -waves O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -equilibration O -of O -drug O -concentrations O -between O -blood O -plasma O -( O -unbound O -part O -) O -and O -saliva O -was O -studied O -for O -selected O -drugs O -with O -different O -physicochemical O -properties O -: O -Quinidine B-Chemical -, O -sulfamerazine O -, O -paracetamol B-Chemical -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Primates O -immobilized O -with O -ketamine B-Chemical -or O -tiletaminezolazepam O -had O -a O -near O -normal O -acid O -- O -base O -balance O -and O -were O -handled O -more O -easily O -than O -the O -physically O -restrained O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Singlet O -oxygen B-Chemical -as O -a O -mediator O -in O -the O -hematoporphyrin O -- O -catalyzed O -photooxidation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -to O -NADP O -+ O -in O -deuterium O -oxide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -is O -not O -inhibited O -by O -benzoate O -, O -mannitol B-Chemical -, O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -, O -or O -catalase O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -OH O -- O -, O -H2O2 B-Chemical -, O -and O -O O -- O -2 O -are O -not O -likely O -to O -be O -the O -reactive O -oxygen B-Chemical -species O -in O -this O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -a O -singlet O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -process O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -H2O2 B-Chemical -has O -been O -found O -as O -one O -of O -the O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -Levels O -of O -glycolytic O -, O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -cycle O -and O -other O -intermediates O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -NH3 O -, O -ribulose O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -glycerol O -, O -and O -succinate O -were O -measured O -in O -perchloric O -acid O -extracts O -of O -biopsies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -level O -of O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -and O -ribulose O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -also O -increased O -, O -in O -spite O -of O -a O -constant O -NADP O -+ O -/ O -NADPH B-Chemical -ratio O -. O - -aps B-category -Calculation O -of O -the O -ratio O -of O -the O -oxidized O -to O -reduced O -form O -of O -diphosphopyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -indicated O -a O -fall O -of O -the O -ratio O -in O -the O -cytoplasm O -and O -a O -rise O -in O -the O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -enzyme O -that O -hydrolyzes O -the O -O O -- O -glycosidic O -linkage O -between O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactosamine I-Chemical -and O -serine O -or O -threonine O -in O -mucins O -and O -mucin O -- O -type O -glycoproteins O -was O -purified O -by O -chromatography O -on O -an O -Affi O -- O -Gel O -202 O -column O -or O -isoelectric O -focusing O -from O -filtrates O -of O -Diplococcus O -pneumoniae O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -releases O -the O -disaccharide O -Gal O -- O -GalNAc O -from O -a O -variety O -of O -glycopeptide O -and O -glycoprotein O -substrates O -and O -appears O -to O -have O -a O -specific O -requirement O -for O -an O -unsubstituted O -galactose B-Chemical -in O -the O -nonreducing O -terminus O -and O -an O -alpha O -linkage O -between O -N O -- O -acetylgalactosamine O -and O -the O -aglycone O -. O - -aps B-category -Electron O -paramagnetic O -resonance O -investigation O -of O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cobalt I-Chemical -hybrid O -hemoglobins O -and O -its O -implication O -for O -the O -heme O -- O -heme O -interaction O -and O -for O -the O -alkaline O -Bohr O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -human O -thyroxine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -was O -54 O -, O -000 O -and O -E1 O -% O -/ O -1 O -cm O -at O -280 O -nm O -, O -corrected O -for O -thyroxine B-Chemical -( O -T4 O -) O -absorbance O -, O -was O -6 O -. O -17 O -. O - -aps B-category -Structure O -and O -stability O -of O -human O -thyroxine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -near O -ultraviolet O -, O -the O -CD O -spectrum O -of O -TBG O -was O -modified O -when O -thyroxine B-Chemical -was O -bound O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -activity O -of O -Neurospora O -crassa O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -varies O -according O -to O -the O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -in O -which O -the O -organism O -is O -grown O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -rates O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -synthesis O -and O -degradation O -were O -measured O -in O -exponential O -cultures O -grown O -in O -different O -nitrogen B-Chemical -sources O -. O - -aps B-category -Product O -activation O -of O -17beta O -- O -hydroxysteroid O -oxidoreductase O -for O -testosterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -non O -- O -radioactive O -androstenedione O -and O -testosterone B-Chemical -to O -the O -incubation O -medium O -increased O -the O -formation O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -androstenedione O -from O -[ O -4 O -- O -14C O -] O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -[ O -14C O -] O -testosterone B-Chemical -from O -[ O -4 O -- O -14C O -] O -androstenedione O -, O -respectively O -, O -while O -addition O -of O -product O -nucleotide B-Chemical -NADPH B-Chemical -or O -NADP O -, O -respectively O -, O -decreased O -the O -conversions O -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -measurement O -of O -an O -index O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -binding O -to O -serum O -binding O -globulin O -using O -ion O -exchange O -columns O -. O - -aps B-category -Sixty O -- O -nine O -isolates O -of O -Neisseria O -were O -grown O -in O -a O -chemically O -defined O -fluid O -medium O -; O -the O -spent O -medium O -was O -extracted O -sequentially O -at O -pH O -2 O -with O -diethyl O -ether B-Chemical -and O -at O -pH O -10 O -with O -chloroform B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -male O -patient O -studied O -, O -the O -first O -illness O -, O -biopsy O -- O -proved O -chronic O -eosinophilic O -pneumonia O -, O -was O -responsive O -to O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Potential O -untoward O -effects O -of O -long O -- O -term O -use O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -in O -geriatric O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -convenient O -method O -of O -measuring O -initial O -rates O -of O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -efflux O -from O -isolated O -adipocytes O -during O -triglyceride B-Chemical -breakdown O -by O -hormone O -- O -sensitive O -lipase O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -recording O -pH O -meter O -is O -used O -to O -monitor O -H O -+ O -concentration O -in O -the O -medium O -continuously O -as O -an O -index O -of O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -granular O -glands O -of O -the O -South O -African O -clawed O -toad O -and O -the O -grass O -frog O -, O -which O -were O -stimulated O -by O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -agents O -, O -those O -of O -the O -red O -- O -spotted O -newt O -discharge O -in O -response O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -, O -either O -in O -vitro O -when O -added O -to O -the O -Holtfreter O -' O -s O -solution O -in O -which O -explants O -were O -incubated O -, O -or O -in O -vivo O -when O -injected O -subcutaneously O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -the O -granular O -glands O -by O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -was O -blocked O -by O -atopine O -but O -not O -by O -tubocurarie O -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -cholinergic O -receptors O -are O -muscarinic O -rather O -than O -nicotinic O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -from O -tissues O -of O -the O -ribbed O -mussel O -Modiolus O -demissus O -: O -ADP O -activation O -and O -possible O -physiological O -significance O -. O - -aps B-category -Activity O -levels O -were O -low O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -0 O -. O -4 O -mumoles O -/ O -min O -/ O -g O -wet O -weight O -) O -in O -all O -tissues O -when O -assayed O -in O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -forming O -direction O -. O - -aps B-category -ADP O -at O -apparent O -Ka O -concentrations O -of O -micrometer O -( O -glutamate B-Chemical -formation O -) O -and O -170 O -micrometer O -( O -glutamate B-Chemical -deamination O -) O -enhanced O -GDH O -activity O -, O -8 O -- O -and O -4 O -- O -fold O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -based O -on O -the O -low O -activities O -obtained O -, O -the O -role O -of O -GDH O -in O -salinity O -induced O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -seems O -minimal O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labile I-Chemical -haemolysins O -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -wild O -- O -type O -E O -. O -coli O -, O -phosphotransacetylase O -mutants O -do O -not O -excrete O -acetate O -when O -growing O -aerobically O -or O -anaerobically O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -; O -their O -anaerobic O -growth O -on O -this O -sugar O -is O -slow O -. O - -aps B-category -Adsorption O -of O -a O -phage O -tail O -- O -like O -bacteriocin O -to O -isolated O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -of O -Rhizobium O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -no O -interaction O -was O -observed O -between O -the O -bacteriocin O -and O -the O -LPS O -of O -two O -resistant O -strains O -of O -Rhizobium O -( O -16 O -- O -2 O -/ O -Ii O -and O -16 O -- O -3 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypothalamic O -serotonin B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -suggested O -as O -a O -central O -factor O -producing O -the O -covariations O -between O -the O -mood O -indices O -( O -alertness O -and O -clear O -thinking O -) O -and O -the O -ANS O -measures O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -deficiency O -on O -retinal O -reductase O -and O -oxidase O -activities O -in O -rat O -liver O -and O -testes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -retinal O -reductase O -in O -the O -liver O -was O -not O -altered O -in O -zinc B-Chemical -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -zinic O -deficiency O -on O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -the O -liver O -could O -be O -partly O -attributed O -to O -the O -secondary O -effect O -of O -reduced O -food O -intake O -and O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -liver O -concentration O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -( O -microgram O -/ O -g O -) O -as O -well O -as O -total O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -( O -microgram O -/ O -liver O -) O -were O -higher O -in O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -rats O -when O -compared O -to O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sufficient I-Chemical -rats O -although O -not O -significantly O -different O -from O -the O -pair O -- O -fed O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Studies O -on O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotics O -for O -medicinal O -purpose O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -phenothiazine O -degradation O -was O -studied O -by O -following O -the O -degradation O -of O -3 O -, O -10 O -' O -- O -diphenothiazine O -in O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -water I-Chemical -mixtures O -as O -well O -as O -the O -electrochemical O -oxidation O -of O -phenothiazine O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -propantheline O -and O -hexocyclium O -significantly O -decreased O -salivary O -flow O -and O -increased O -riboflavin B-Chemical -absorption O -. O - -aps B-category -Isopropamide O -had O -little O -or O -no O -effect O -on O -either O -the O -salivary O -flow O -rate O -or O -riboflavin B-Chemical -absorption O -. O - -aps B-category -Analytical O -determinations O -can O -be O -carried O -out O -in O -different O -solvents O -, O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -ether B-Chemical -, O -benzene B-Chemical -, O -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -pH O -- O -dependent O -, O -carrier O -- O -mediated O -transport O -system O -for O -the O -folate B-Chemical -analog O -, O -amethopterin O -, O -in O -rat O -jejunum O -. O - -aps B-category -Micromolar O -concentrations O -of O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -( O -4 O -- O -AP O -) O -were O -able O -to O -increase O -the O -amplitude O -of O -the O -end O -- O -plate O -current O -in O -frog O -neuromuscular O -junction O -blocked O -either O -by O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tubocurarine I-Chemical -or O -by O -low O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -high O -Mg O -+ O -+ O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -suggest O -that O -4 O -- O -AP O -, O -by O -prolonging O -the O -presynaptic O -action O -potential O -, O -could O -increase O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -nerve O -terminal O -and O -, O -thus O -, O -the O -transmitter O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Resistance O -and O -dynamic O -compliance O -measurements O -in O -anesthetized O -dogs O -indicated O -that O -W10 O -, O -294A O -prevented O -or O -reversed O -bronchoconstriction O -due O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -or O -pilocapine O -. O - -aps B-category -W10 O -, O -294A O -was O -6 O -times O -more O -potent O -than O -aminophylline B-Chemical -in O -relaxing O -isolated O -guinea O -- O -pig O -trachea O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -studies O -in O -dogs O -and O -guinea O -pigs O -, O -using O -identical O -doses O -, O -showed O -that O -W10 O -, O -294A O -had O -considerably O -less O -effect O -on O -the O -cardiovascular O -system O -than O -did O -aminophylline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -and O -biological O -properties O -of O -acyloxymethyl O -esters O -of O -7 O -- O -( O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenylacetamido I-Chemical -) O -- O -3 O -- O -[ O -5 O -- O -methyl O -- O -( O -1 O -, O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -thiadiazol O -- O -2 O -- O -yl O -) O -thiomethyl O -] O -- O -3 O -- O -cephem O -- O -4 O -- O -carboxylic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -G6PD O -) O -activity O -of O -human O -sperm O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -use O -of O -fluorescence O -microscopy O -, O -we O -divised O -a O -procedure O -to O -visualise O -in O -individual O -sperm O -cells O -the O -fluorescence O -of O -reduced O -coenzyme O -NADPH B-Chemical -formed O -by O -each O -of O -the O -two O -enzymes O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -appropriate O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -Co O -- O -operative O -mutagenic O -actions O -of O -bisulfite O -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -nucleophiles O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -experimental O -studies O -using O -the O -rat O -and O -on O -a O -review O -of O -clinical O -material O -it O -has O -been O -determined O -that O -testicular O -descent O -is O -an O -androgen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -event O -directly O -under O -the O -regulation O -of O -pituitary O -gonadotropin O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -studies O -of O -6 O -- O -and O -12 O -- O -valent O -pneumococcal O -capsular O -polysaccharide O -vaccines O -were O -carried O -out O -in O -controlled O -studies O -among O -novice O -gold B-Chemical -miners O -in O -South O -Africa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -for O -management O -of O -diabetic O -ketosis O -and O -lactic O -acidosis O -has O -been O -controversial O -( O -Kaye O -1975 O -) O -in O -the O -past O -, O -but O -it O -is O -now O -the O -treatment O -of O -choice O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -lipid O -peroxidation O -, O -this O -activity O -occurred O -to O -the O -greatest O -extent O -in O -rats O -followed O -by O -guinea O -pigs O -and O -rabbits O -and O -such O -was O -much O -lower O -in O -rabbits O -than O -in O -guinea O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -decrease O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -P O -- O -450 O -reductase O -activity O -induces O -a O -decrease O -in O -ethylmorphine O -N O -- O -demethylase O -activity O -by O -lipid O -peroxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -types O -of O -interaction O -of O -mepyramine O -( O -M O -) O -, O -diphenhydramin O -: O -( O -D O -) O -and O -eprozinol O -( O -E O -) O -, O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -- O -receptors O -of O -guinea O -pig O -ileal O -and O -tracheal O -smooth O -muscle O -, O -were O -comparatively O -studied O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -only O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -and O -eprozinol O -are O -really O -dualistic O -, O -and O -that O -the O -non O -- O -specific O -mechanism O -of O -activity O -differs O -for O -each O -drug O -with O -that O -of O -eprozinol O -being O -effective O -on O -tracheal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -( O -DBH O -) O -activity O -in O -serum O -, O -DBH O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -activities O -in O -mesenteric O -vessels O -, O -and O -DBH O -and O -TH O -activities O -in O -locus O -coeruleus O -and O -hypothalamus O -of O -brain O -did O -not O -differ O -significantly O -between O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -( O -SHR O -) O -and O -normotensive O -Wistar O -- O -Kyoto O -rats O -( O -WKR O -) O -at O -16 O -weeks O -of O -age O -when O -hypertension O -of O -SHR O -was O -fixed O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -on O -the O -myocardial O -redox O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -two O -doses O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -and O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -of O -Al O -( O -OH3 O -) O -and O -AlCl3 O -respectively O -, O -on O -serum O -gastrin O -concentrations O -and O -intragastric O -pH O -were O -compared O -in O -duodenal O -ulcer O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Splenic O -respiratory O -gas O -exchange O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -patients O -with O -splenomegaly O -in O -hypersplenism O -and O -Hodgkin O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -activities O -( O -units O -/ O -mg O -protein O -) O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -TAT O -) O -and O -its O -isoenzymes O -, O -cytoplasmic O -( O -c O -- O -) O -, O -mitochondrial O -( O -m O -- O -) O -and O -nuclear O -( O -n O -- O -TAT O -) O -, O -of O -the O -liver O -of O -6 O -- O -, O -35 O -- O -and O -76 O -- O -week O -old O -male O -albino O -rats O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurotransmitter O -metabolites O -in O -the O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -of O -man O -following O -physostigmine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -ammonia B-Chemical -content O -as O -a O -determinant O -or O -urinary O -pH O -during O -chronic O -metabolic O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -related O -analgesics O -by O -gas O -phase O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -Effectors O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenase O -of O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -modulators O -of O -these O -activities O -, O -particularly O -in O -relation O -with O -the O -inhibition O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -in O -physiological O -conditions O -, O -have O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -known O -that O -this O -enzyme O -is O -subject O -to O -a O -concerted O -inhibition O -by O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -and O -glyoxylate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -the O -Tetrahymena O -pyriformis O -enzyme O -is O -inhibited O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Behavior O -of O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -and O -disulfide O -groups O -in O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -beta O -- O -lactoglobulin O -and O -alpha O -- O -lactalbumin O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -a O -0 O -. O -8 O -- O -10 O -( O -4 O -) O -M O -beta O -- O -lactoglobulin O -solution O -in O -a O -0 O -. O -022 O -N O -sodium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -solution O -( O -pH O -= O -12 O -) O -is O -heated O -at O -90 O -degrees O -C O -for O -30 O -min O -, O -0 O -- O -4 O -M O -disulphide O -groups O -, O -2 O -. O -2 O -M O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -and O -1 O -. O -8 O -M O -sulphide O -ions O -/ O -M O -dimeric O -beta O -- O -lactoglobulin O -are O -detectable O -of O -the O -total O -of O -4 O -M O -disulphide O -groups O -and O -2 O -M O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -/ O -M O -dimeric O -beta O -- O -lactoglobulin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -disulphide O -groups O -are O -determined O -with O -the O -aid O -of O -DTNB O -after O -reduction O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -borohydride O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -the O -disulphide O -groups O -are O -reduced O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -borohydride O -, O -the O -argentometric O -- O -amperometric O -determination O -of O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -by O -means O -of O -the O -platinum B-Chemical -rotating O -- O -disk O -electrode O -is O -disturbed O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -boric O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -reversibly O -abolishes O -ionic O -communication O -between O -cells O -of O -early O -amphibian O -embryo O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -means O -of O -an O -autoradiographic O -technique O -employing O -14C O -- O -2 O -- O -deoxyglucose O -, O -abnormalities O -of O -local O -brain O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -were O -studied O -90 O -minutes O -following O -occlusion O -of O -the O -left O -middle O -cerebral O -and O -common O -carotid O -arteries O -in O -a O -series O -of O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anesthetized I-Chemical -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -animals O -with O -vascular O -occlusion O -, O -a O -zone O -of O -greatly O -suppressed O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -occupied O -the O -caudate O -nucleus O -of O -the O -ischemic O -hemisphere O -, O -with O -variable O -extension O -, O -and O -was O -surrounded O -by O -a O -narrow O -rim O -of O -increased O -local O -brain O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -, O -suggesting O -the O -occurrence O -of O -enhanced O -anaerobic O -glycolysis O -in O -the O -latter O -zones O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitation O -of O -local O -brain O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -values O -from O -the O -contralateral O -nonischemic O -hemisphere O -revealed O -a O -mild O -suppression O -of O -cortical O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -relative O -to O -the O -control O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Serotonin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -neurons O -: O -their O -possible O -role O -in O -pain O -and O -analgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Bicarbonate O -- O -induced O -phosphaturia O -: O -Dependence O -upon O -the O -magnitude O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -normophosphatemic O -state O -, O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -did O -not O -affect O -Pi O -reabsorption O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -determin O -if O -eht O -aboslute O -level O -of O -plasma O -or O -filtered O -Pi O -was O -an O -improtant O -determinant O -of O -this O -phosphaturic O -action O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -during O -hyperphosphatemia O -, O -equivalent O -rates O -of O -Pi O -reabsorption O -were O -achieved O -after O -phosphate B-Chemical -infusion O -in O -TPTX O -rats O -previously O -stabilized O -on O -a O -low O -dietary O -phosphorus B-Chemical -intake O -, O -but O -at O -significantly O -lower O -plasma O -Pi O -concentrations O -and O -filtered O -Pi O -loads O -than O -in O -their O -high O -dietary O -phosphorus B-Chemical -counterparts O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -results O -suggest O -that O -transport O -mechanisms O -for O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -and O -Pi O -may O -interact O -competitively O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -is O -reported O -in O -whom O -blood O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -monitored O -frequently O -over O -a O -5 O -- O -day O -period O -during O -intravenous O -feeding O -with O -a O -sorbitol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethanol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -mixture O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -terminating O -the O -infusions O -the O -blood O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -fell O -rapidly O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -the O -main O -biologically O -active O -substances O -( O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -melatonin B-Chemical -, O -mexamin O -) O -produced O -by O -the O -epiphysis O -, O -on O -the O -hypothalamo O -- O -hypophysial O -structures O -was O -studied O -; O -results O -pointed O -to O -the O -significant O -role O -played O -by O -the O -epiphysis O -in O -the O -neuroendocrine O -regulation O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -system O -should O -be O -useful O -in O -further O -studies O -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -and O -should O -provide O -a O -valid O -tool O -for O -determining O -interactions O -of O -radiolabeled O -ligands O -with O -such O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Partially O -purified O -soluble O -rat O -liver O -guanylate O -cyclase O -[ O -GTP O -pyrophosphate O -- O -lyase O -( O -cyclizing O -) O -, O -EC O -4 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -] O -was O -activated O -by O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -( O -superoxide B-Chemical -: O -superoxide B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -15 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Guanylate O -cyclase O -preparations O -formed O -superoxide B-Chemical -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -was O -much O -greater O -with O -Mn2 O -+ O -than O -with O -Mg2 O -+ O -as O -sole O -cation O -cofactor O -, O -activation O -with O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -was O -not O -observed O -when O -Mn2 O -+ O -was O -included O -in O -incubations O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -activation O -required O -the O -formation O -of O -both O -superoxide B-Chemical -ion O -and O -H2O2 B-Chemical -in O -incubations O -. O - -aps B-category -Scavengers O -of O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -radicals O -prevented O -the O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -release O -of O -slow O -reacting O -substance O -( O -SRS O -) O -from O -rat O -basophilic O -leukemia O -cells O -( O -RBL O -- O -1 O -) O -by O -the O -ionophore O -A23187 O -( O -5 O -- O -10 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -) O -was O -stimulated O -5 O -- O -fold O -by O -arachidonate O -and O -inhibited O -78 O -% O -by O -5 O -, O -8 O -, O -11 O -, O -14 O -- O -eicosatetraynoate O -( O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -both O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -cyclooxygenase O -and O -lipoxygenase O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxygen O -intermediates O -and O -mixed O -valence O -states O -of O -cytochrome O -oxidase O -: O -infrared O -absorption O -difference O -spectra O -of O -compounds O -A O -, O -B O -, O -and O -C O -of O -cytochrome O -oxidase O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -position O -of O -the O -infrared O -absorption O -band O -in O -compound O -C O -thus O -depends O -at O -least O -upon O -the O -oxidation O -- O -reduction O -state O -of O -heme O -a O -and O -its O -associated O -copper B-Chemical -atom O -. O - -aps B-category -Compound O -C O -exhibits O -a O -unique O -intense O -absorption O -band O -at O -606 O -- O -609 O -nm O -that O -is O -tentatively O -assigned O -to O -a O -charge O -transfer O -interaction O -between O -heme O -a3 O -in O -the O -reduced O -state O -and O -its O -associated O -copper B-Chemical -in O -the O -oxidized O -state O -, O -with O -heme O -a O -and O -its O -associated O -copper B-Chemical -in O -the O -oxidized O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -chromaffin O -granules O -release O -their O -contents O -when O -exposed O -to O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -ATP O -, O -and O -high O -levels O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -postnatal O -development O -presynaptic O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -( O -ChAc O -) O -activity O -increases O -30 O -- O -to O -40 O -- O -fold O -, O -whereas O -postsynaptic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -T O -- O -OH O -) O -activity O -rises O -6 O -- O -to O -8 O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -destruction O -of O -adrenergic O -neurons O -in O -neonatal O -mice O -with O -either O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -or O -antiserum O -to O -nerve O -growth O -factor O -prevents O -the O -normal O -maturation O -of O -ChAc O -activity O -in O -presynaptic O -terminals O -of O -SCG O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -contractions O -are O -regulated O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -and O -a O -threshold O -of O -ca O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -contractile O -and O -" O -associated O -" O -proteins O -are O -similar O -, O -actin O -and O -associated O -proteins O -are O -structurally O -dynamic O -, O -and O -movement O -is O -regulated O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -both O -compounds O -was O -unrelated O -to O -age O -, O -sex O -, O -urinary O -volume O -, O -or O -creatinine B-Chemical -, O -nor O -was O -any O -consistent O -diurnal O -pattern O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Acidification O -of O -the O -urine O -did O -not O -appear O -to O -be O -the O -determining O -factor O -in O -this O -result O -since O -in O -one O -subject O -the O -same O -drop O -in O -urinary O -pH O -was O -achieved O -by O -feeding O -methionine B-Chemical -without O -any O -increase O -in O -dimethyltryptamine O -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Induction O -of O -the O -enzymes O -related O -to O -neurogenic O -amines B-Chemical -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -on O -oxalo O -- O -calcic O -experimental O -lithiasis O -developed O -with O -ethyleneglycol O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -double O -blind O -study O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -to O -control O -the O -psychomotor O -reactions O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Alteration O -of O -the O -microenvironment O -by O -the O -introduction O -of O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -and O -positive O -and O -negative O -charged O -carriers O -during O -coupling O -of O -the O -enzyme O -either O -had O -no O -effect O -or O -markedly O -reduced O -hydroxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -profile O -in O -the O -intercapillary O -region O -of O -tumor O -tissue O -is O -calculated O -for O -normal O -( O -Case O -I O -) O -and O -enhanced O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -blood O -( O -Case O -II O -) O -which O -was O -increased O -by O -a O -factor O -of O -4 O -for O -an O -extended O -period O -of O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylalanine B-Chemical -inhibited O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -phosphatase O -activity O -in O -the O -serum O -as O -an O -indication O -of O -intestinal O -cellular O -disruption O -in O -the O -horse O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraruminal O -administration O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -sulphate O -at O -100 O -and O -200 O -mg O -Zn O -/ O -kg O -bodyweight O -resulted O -in O -central O -and O -peripheral O -effects O -in O -sheep O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -temperature O -- O -corrected O -values O -pH O -* O -and O -P O -* O -CO2 O -, O -and O -the O -derived O -[ O -HCO3 O -] O -* O -can O -be O -represented O -on O -a O -temperature O -- O -independent O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pH I-Chemical -diagram O -. O - -aps B-category -Nineteen O -patients O -with O -ischemic O -heart O -disease O -were O -randomized O -into O -two O -groups O -and O -received O -either O -metoprolol B-Chemical -or O -H O -87 O -/ O -07 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -in O -the O -doses O -used O -metoprolol B-Chemical -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -a O -potent O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptive O -antagonist O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -H O -87 O -/ O -07 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -characteristics O -of O -this O -phenomenon O -paralleled O -those O -of O -the O -activation O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -by O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -, O -which O -is O -a O -component O -of O -tobacco O -smoke O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -the O -diffuse O -endocrine O -system O -and O -APUD O -( O -amine B-Chemical -precursor O -uptake O -decarboxylase O -) O -cells O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Clinical O -use O -of O -complex O -polarography O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -as O -a O -method O -of O -the O -study O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -supply O -and O -capillary O -blood O -flow O -in O -the O -tissues O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -XXIX O -4 O -alpha O -- O -Methyl O -- O -3 O -beta O -8 O -- O -beta O -- O -dihydroxy O -- O -5 O -alpha O -- O -ergost O -- O -24 O -( O -28 O -) O -- O -en O -- O -23 O -- O -one O -, O -a O -novel O -polyoxygenated O -sterol B-Chemical -from O -the O -soft O -coral O -Litophyton O -viridis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -for O -the O -preparation O -of O -radioactive O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17 I-Chemical -beta O -, O -17 O -- O -glucosiduronate O -by O -incubating O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -with O -rhesus O -monkey O -liver O -microsomal O -preparation O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -uridine B-Chemical -diphosphoglucuronic O -acid O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -expected O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -reduced O -nucleotide B-Chemical -was O -more O -pronounced O -in O -the O -fractions O -other O -than O -the O -microsome O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -the O -NAD O -+ O -content O -, O -sum O -of O -nicotinamide O -coenzymes O -, O -the O -[ O -NAD O -+ O -] O -+ O -[ O -NADP O -+ O -] O -/ O -[ O -NADH O -] O -+ O -/ O -- O -[ O -NADPH B-Chemical -] O -and O -[ O -NAD O -+ O -] O -+ O -[ O -NADH O -] O -( O -sum O -of O -nicotinamide O -coenzymes O -) O -ratios O -are O -mainly O -due O -to O -nicotinamide O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Conditions O -favoring O -the O -coupling O -of O -antibody O -to O -human O -erythrocytes O -stabilized O -by O -a O -variety O -of O -reagents O -were O -studied O -with O -the O -use O -of O -antibody O -to O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -attachment O -of O -anti O -- O -HBs O -to O -aldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stabilized I-Chemical -cells O -is O -favored O -by O -low O -pH O -and O -low O -ionic O -strength O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -On O -the O -problem O -of O -dimethylnitrosamine O -formation O -from O -tetracycline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -derivatives I-Chemical -by O -nitrosation O -reaction O -in O -acidic O -medium O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Dimethylnitrosamine O -formation O -was O -confirmed O -by O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -and O -by O -combined O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -/ O -mass O -- O -spectrometry O -from O -minocycline B-Chemical -, O -doxycycline O -, O -oxytetracycline O -and O -anhydrochlorotetracycline O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -catalytic O -effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -thiocyanate O -for O -the O -dimethylnitrosamine O -formation O -from O -minocycline B-Chemical -and O -nitrite B-Chemical -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -hypothesis O -was O -confirmed O -by O -dimethylnitrosamine O -formation O -from O -anhydrochlorotetracycline O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -at O -pH O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -in O -vitro O -inactivation O -and O -ATP O -- O -dependent O -rapid O -reactivation O -of O -rat O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -by O -a O -membrane O -- O -bound O -system O -from O -rat O -liver O -and O -kidney O -cortex O -and O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -specificity O -of O -this O -process O -was O -investigated O -using O -partially O -purified O -tyrosine B-Chemical -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -transferase I-Chemical -as O -a O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Inactivation O -of O -labeled O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -by O -a O -particulate O -fraction O -led O -to O -a O -decrease O -protein O -- O -bound O -radioactivity O -concomitant O -with O -an O -increase O -of O -[ O -32P O -] O -orthophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Resting O -metabolism O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -in O -starved O -and O -fed O -pigs O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -solubilizing I-Chemical -bacteria O -in O -soil O -and O -rhizosphere O -of O -different O -plants O -. O - -aps B-category -Occurrence O -of O -bacteria O -( O -total O -) O -, O -acid O -producing O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -dissolving O -micro O -- O -organisms O -in O -soil O -, O -rhizosphere O -, O -and O -rizoplane O -of O -Egyptian O -cotton O -, O -peas O -, O -or O -maize O -during O -their O -different O -growth O -phases O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -But O -not O -all O -acid O -- O -producers O -are O -considered O -as O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dissolvers I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -solubilizing I-Chemical -bacteria O -in O -soil O -and O -rhizosphere O -of O -different O -plants O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -hundred O -colonies O -which O -showed O -positive O -reaction O -on O -the O -plates O -prepared O -for O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dissolving I-Chemical -bacteria O -from O -control O -soil O -rhizosphere O -soils O -and O -rhizoplane O -samples O -of O -maize O -, O -peas O -, O -or O -cotton O -were O -isolated O -at O -random O -. O - -aps B-category -Not O -only O -the O -morphological O -types O -of O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dissolving I-Chemical -bacteria O -differed O -in O -soil O -and O -in O -rhizosphere O -, O -but O -they O -also O -differed O -in O -the O -rhizosphere O -soil O -of O -each O -special O -plant O -. O - -aps B-category -Inoculation O -with O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dissolving I-Chemical -micro O -- O -organisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -trial O -with O -lorazepam B-Chemical -in O -pre O -- O -operative O -anxiety O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -evening O -before O -intervention O -, O -each O -patient O -received O -1 O -tablet O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -) O -and O -on O -the O -day O -of O -operation O -( O -90 O -minutes O -before O -induction O -of O -the O -anesthesia O -) O -, O -each O -patient O -received O -an O -I O -. O -M O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prior O -administration O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -usually O -gives O -very O -good O -results O -with O -only O -slight O -risk O -of O -side O -- O -effects O -and O -without O -unhappy O -recollections O -of O -the O -pre O -- O -and O -post O -- O -operative O -periods O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -( O -gamma O -- O -GTP O -) O -, O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -( O -A O -- O -p O -) O -, O -and O -leucine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -( O -LAP O -) O -were O -examined O -in O -18 O -cases O -of O -hepatomas O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -of O -penicilloylation O -of O -serum O -albumins O -by O -various O -penicillins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mixture O -was O -layered O -on O -0 O -. O -2 O -ml O -benzenesulfonyl O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Diethazine O -, O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -and O -imipramine B-Chemical -showed O -bacteriostatic O -and O -bactericidal O -effect O -on O -different O -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -Study O -of O -the O -activity O -of O -various O -enzymes O -involved O -in O -their O -synthesis O -in O -rats O -with O -cobalt B-Chemical -powder O -- O -induced O -epilepsy O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -transmitter O -release O -from O -isolated O -rabbit O -kidney O -by O -bradykinin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -findings O -were O -obtained O -when O -bradykinin B-Chemical -was O -added O -instead O -of O -kallikrein O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -changes O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -periarterial O -stimulation O -of O -the O -isolated O -rabbit O -kidney O -by O -kallikrein O -are O -mediated O -through O -the O -bradykinin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -increased O -generation O -of O -intrarenal O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Escherichia O -coli O -, O -strain O -AB O -1157 O -, O -cells O -are O -capable O -of O -translating O -human O -, O -mouse O -, O -and O -chicken O -messenter O -RNA O -for O -interferon B-Chemical -with O -production O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -of O -the O -corresponding O -specifity O -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -animal O -cells O -, O -the O -bacteria O -do O -not O -require O -pre O -- O -treatment O -with O -actinomycin O -D O -. O -The O -interferon B-Chemical -translated O -by O -bacteria O -is O -inactivated O -by O -trypsin O -and O -resistant O -to O -ribonuclease O -. O - -aps B-category -Physico O -- O -chemical O -properties O -of O -partially O -purified O -interferon B-Chemical -produced O -by O -a O -mixed O -culture O -of O -human O -peripheral O -blood O -leukocytes O -following O -induction O -with O -double O -- O -stranded O -RNA O -extracted O -from O -f2 O -phage O -infected O -Escherichia O -coli O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -two O -methods O -revealed O -5 O -peaks O -, O -the O -latter O -7 O -peaks O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -replacement O -on O -the O -stability O -of O -the O -tobacco O -mosaic O -virus O -protein O -structure O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -the O -replacement O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -by O -histidine O -causes O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -stability O -of O -the O -three O -- O -dimensional O -structure O -of O -the O -TMV O -protein O -subunit O -. O - -aps B-category -Structural O -effects O -of O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -( O -CAP O -) O -and O -ethidium O -bromide B-Chemical -( O -EB O -) O -on O -VSW O -cell O -mitochondria O -and O -intramitochondrial O -virions O -( O -IMV O -) O -have O -been O -studied O -on O -a O -comparative O -basis O -by O -thin O -- O -section O -electron O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Marked O -correlations O -were O -established O -between O -cytopathic O -activity O -( O -TC O -) O -and O -reproductive O -activity O -in O -L O -- O -41 O -cell O -cultures O -; O -thermostability O -at O -50 O -degrees O -C O -( O -T50 O -character O -) O -and O -inactivation O -constant O -; O -and O -interferon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inducing I-Chemical -activity O -and O -sensitivity O -to O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -biological O -properties O -of O -an O -endotoxic O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -from O -the O -typhus O -group O -rickettsiae O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -on O -electrical O -parameters O -of O -the O -in O -vivo O -rat O -stomach O -. O - -aps B-category -Exposure O -of O -the O -mucosa O -to O -20 O -% O -ethanol B-Chemical -caused O -a O -reduction O -in O -resistance O -, O -PD O -, O -and O -H O -+ O -secretion O -, O -and O -an O -increased O -appearance O -of O -Na O -+ O -in O -the O -lumen O -at O -neutral O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increased O -appearance O -of O -Na O -+ O -in O -the O -lumen O -seen O -with O -this O -alcohol B-Chemical -solution O -also O -occurred O -following O -exposure O -to O -hyperosmotic O -sucrose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -pure O -10 O -mM O -solutions O -of O -taurine O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -conjugates O -of O -chenodeoxycholic O -acid O -were O -instilled O -into O -canine O -Heidenhain O -pouches O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -greater O -damage O -seen O -below O -the O -pKa O -of O -the O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -conjugates O -suggests O -that O -its O -nonionized O -form O -is O -the O -more O -damaging O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Action O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -on O -the O -activity O -of O -cerebral O -tyosine O -transaminase O -and O -on O -cerebral O -levels O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Growth O -- O -retarded O -rats O -fed O -a O -tryptophan B-Chemical -deficient O -diet O -at O -21 O -days O -for O -periods O -of O -6 O -- O -22 O -months O -were O -shown O -to O -reach O -normal O -body O -weight O -when O -subsequently O -fed O -Purina O -Rat O -Chow O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -last O -of O -8 O -rats O -surviving O -the O -period O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficiency I-Chemical -died O -at O -45 O -. O -50 O -months O -( O -1387 O -days O -) O -while O -the O -last O -of O -14 O -control O -rats O -died O -at O -41 O -. O -75 O -months O -( O -1266 O -days O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -age O -dependence O -of O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -) O -The O -quotient O -of O -taurine O -to O -glycine B-Chemical -conjugates O -is O -is O -significant O -lower O -in O -old O -rats O -compared O -to O -young O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -blood O -brain O -barrier O -is O -effectively O -impermeable O -to O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -the O -changes O -recorded O -in O -the O -cerebral O -surface O -pH O -are O -a O -useful O -index O -of O -cortical O -intracellular O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -cancer O -surgery O -progresses O -. O - -aps B-category -Alimentation O -consists O -on O -average O -of O -2 O -, O -000 O -to O -2 O -, O -6000 O -calories O -as O -carbohydrate O -and O -lipids O -and O -12 O -to O -14 O -g O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -occurence O -rate O -of O -postoperative O -complications O -is O -essentially O -the O -same O -in O -both O -groups O -of O -patients O -apart O -from O -chylothorax O -which O -was O -more O -common O -in O -the O -irradiated O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Fentanyl B-Chemical -acetate O -used O -as O -an O -analgésic O -, O -seems O -to O -have O -played O -an O -important O -role O -in O -the O -genesis O -of O -the O -accident O -, O -depressing O -sinusal O -and O -junctional O -automatisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraveinous O -atropine B-Chemical -test O -is O -a O -simple O -preoperative O -technique O -of O -research O -in O -front O -all O -unexplained O -sinus O -bradycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -Droperidol O -premedication O -for O -children O -( O -0 O -. O -3 O -to O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -was O -compared O -with O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -and O -Dolosal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -promethazine I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Prevention O -by O -pindolol B-Chemical -of O -electrocardiographic O -changes O -during O -bronchoscopy O -performed O -under O -local O -and O -general O -anesthesia O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparative O -study O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -sparing O -during O -parenteral O -feeding O -as O -a O -function O -of O -carbohydrate O -intake O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Groups O -A O -( O -31 O -) O -received O -a O -daily O -intake O -of O -one O -liter O -of O -Totamine O -concentrée O -glucidique O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -10 O -p O -. O -100 O -1 O -, O -5 O -liter O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -statistically O -significant O -difference O -in O -nitrogen B-Chemical -balance O -between O -both O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -H2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Histamine I-Chemical -receptor O -blocking O -agents O -in O -the O -Zollinger O -- O -Ellison O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Protective O -effect O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -on O -aspirin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -gastric O -mucosal O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -on O -aspirin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -alterations O -in O -gastric O -mucosa O -was O -studied O -in O -five O -normal O -male O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -600 O -mg O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -in O -1 O -dl O -of O -isotonic O -saline O -, O -potential O -difference O -decreased O -in O -10 O -min O -to O -- O -39 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -mV O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -and O -returned O -to O -baseline O -within O -60 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -subjects O -pretreated O -with O -300 O -mg O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -potential O -difference O -rose O -during O -1 O -h O -to O -- O -62 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -mV O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cimetidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -group O -showed O -4 O -% O -mucosal O -damage O -at O -the O -peak O -potential O -difference O -fall O -after O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -significantly O -less O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -than O -in O -the O -untreated O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Lavage O -to O -remove O -enteric O -- O -coated O -aspirin B-Chemical -and O -gastric O -outlet O -obstruction O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -isolate O -vigorously O -reduced O -acetylene O -when O -grown O -in O -N O -- O -free O -, O -Na B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -malate I-Chemical -, O -semisolid O -agar O -, O -and O -it O -was O -identical O -to O -S O -. O -lipoferum O -strain O -SP7 O -by O -standard O -taxonomic O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Acid O -- O -base O -balance O -immediately O -after O -administration O -of O -an O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -measured O -values O -O2 O -- O -saturation O -, O -standard B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -, O -buffer O -bases O -and O -base O -excess O -have O -been O -calculated O -by O -the O -Thews O -nomogram O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -measured O -values O -for O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -partial O -pressures O -, O -blood O -pH O -, O -and O -hemoglobin O -, O -values O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -, O -standard O -bicarbonates O -, O -buffer O -abases O -, O -and O -base O -excess O -were O -calculated O -using O -the O -Thews O -nomogram O -. O - -aps B-category -Co O -+ O -+ O -- O -activated O -acylase O -activity O -was O -studied O -in O -the O -blood O -serum O -and O -liver O -homogenates O -from O -rabbits O -poisoned O -with O -CCl4 B-Chemical -in O -doses O -of O -0 O -- O -5 O -g O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -intraperitoneally O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -examination O -of O -joints O -in O -17 O -gauge O -platinized O -gold B-Chemical -wire O -is O -made O -with O -18 O -k O -gold B-Chemical -solder O -following O -quenching O -immediately O -after O -flow O -and O -cooling O -in O -air O -; O -there O -is O -a O -widening O -of O -grain O -boundaries O -and O -intergranulation O -penetration O -in O -the O -latter O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -one O -of O -these O -deer O -preparations O -was O -examined O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -log O -K O -appeared O -to O -decrease O -to O -4 O -. O -5 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -value O -of O -2 O -. O -52 O -obtained O -for O -rat O -liver O -catalase O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -and O -pH O -6 O -. O -3 O -- O -7 O -. O -7 O -was O -independent O -of O -both O -ethanol B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -the O -rate O -of O -H2O2 B-Chemical -generation O -over O -a O -wide O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -established O -that O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -exhibits O -B O -- O -specificity O -towards O -the O -nicotinamide O -ring O -in O -NAD O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -of O -an O -affinity O -adsorbent O -, O -8 O -- O -( O -6 O -- O -aminohexyl O -) O -aminoadenosine O -2 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Sepharose I-Chemical -4B O -, O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -eluted O -either O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -in O -a O -concentration O -gradient O -of O -NADP O -+ O -, O -or O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -5 O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADP O -+ O -in O -concentration O -gradients O -of O -either O -dicarboxylates O -or O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chromatographic O -properties O -of O -the O -wild O -- O -type O -enzyme O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -mutationally O -modified O -variants O -containing O -defined O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -substitutions O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -acrylamide O -intoxication O -on O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -concentrations O -and O -functions O -in O -rat O -cerebral O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -in O -the O -control O -of O -crevice O -corrosion O -of O -silver B-Chemical -soldered O -stainless O -steel O -joints O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -- O -blind O -random O -study O -compared O -lorazepam B-Chemical -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -as O -i O -. O -m O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -more O -sedation O -and O -a O -longer O -recovery O -time O -after O -lorazepam B-Chemical -than O -after O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Local O -erythema O -was O -present O -in O -12 O -patients O -who O -received O -lorazepam B-Chemical -and O -10 O -who O -received O -diazepam B-Chemical -90 O -min O -after O -the O -injection O -, O -disappearing O -after O -24 O -h O -in O -the O -former O -group O -but O -remaining O -in O -the O -latter O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -acetate O -and O -sulphuric O -acid O -extracts O -of O -human O -epidermis O -can O -each O -be O -separated O -by O -chromatographic O -techniques O -into O -three O -or O -more O -fractions O -with O -ribonuclease O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -of O -the O -ribonuclease O -fractions O -were O -optimally O -active O -at O -alkaline O -pHs O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -3 O -- O -7 O -. O -6 O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -pH O -8 O -. O -I O -in O -Tris O -- O -HCl O -) O -while O -the O -eighth O -ribonuclease O -was O -most O -active O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -6 O -in O -a O -citrate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -Micro O -- O -methods O -, O -making O -use O -of O -radioactive O -substrates O -, O -are O -described O -for O -the O -quantitative O -estimation O -of O -galactokinase O -and O -galactose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -uridyl O -transferase O -activities O -in O -lysates O -of O -hair O -roots O -obtained O -from O -the O -human O -scalp O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -affecting O -the O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -induced O -release O -of O -iron B-Chemical -from O -transferrin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effective O -chemical O -group O -appears O -to O -be O -pyrophosphate O -, O -which O -is O -present O -in O -blood O -cells O -as O -nucleoside B-Chemical -di O -- O -and O -triphosphates O -, O -notably O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -( O -ATP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ATP O -- O -induced O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -activity O -was O -dependent O -on O -weak O -acidic O -conditions O -and O -was O -sensitive O -to O -temperature O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Ascorbate O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -reduced O -Fe O -( O -III O -) O -, O -but O -only O -after O -iron B-Chemical -release O -from O -transferrin O -by O -a O -physiological O -concentration O -of O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -low O -proton O -conductivity O -of O -the O -unperturbed O -thylakoid O -membrane O -( O -relaxation O -time O -for O -a O -proton O -gradient O -greater O -than O -5s O -) O -, O -this O -extra O -proton O -channel O -leads O -to O -a O -partial O -relaxation O -of O -a O -proton O -gradient O -within O -a O -few O -ms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -dietary O -vitamin O -B O -- O -2 O -and O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -on O -delta9 O -- O -desaturation O -of O -stearoyl O -- O -CoA O -, O -catalase O -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -peroxidase O -, O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -and O -electron O -transport O -components O -in O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -have O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -it O -enhanced O -the O -delta9 O -- O -desaturation O -in O -microsomes O -on O -vitamin O -B O -- O -2 O -- O -deficient O -diet O -which O -contained O -low O -catalase O -and O -high O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -activities O -, O -compared O -to O -those O -in O -microsomes O -of O -control O -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -polymerization O -pattern O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -- O -insulin O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -detailed O -analysis O -of O -these O -results O -revealed O -the O -existence O -of O -a O -stable O -zinc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -insulin I-Chemical -hexamer O -together O -with O -linked O -polymerization O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -( O -1976 O -) O -Biochemistry O -15 O -, O -4660 O -- O -- O -4665 O -) O -and O -a O -slight O -tendency O -for O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -insulin I-Chemical -hexamer O -to O -undergo O -indefinite O -self O -- O -association O -. O - -aps B-category -I O -. O -Reactivity O -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -side O -chains O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -functional O -properties O -of O -human O -hemoglobin O -A O -and O -S O -were O -studied O -in O -concentrated O -solutions O -of O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -functional O -properties O -of O -normal O -and O -sickle O -cell O -hemoglobin O -in O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -show O -that O -pH O -, O -anion O -effects O -and O -cooperativity O -of O -ligand O -binding O -are O -largely O -unaffected O -by O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -GDP O -- O -[ O -U O -- O -14C O -] O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -used O -as O -substrate O -only O -trace O -amounts O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -were O -incorporated O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Light O -- O -dependent O -uptake O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -in O -chloroplasts O -and O -chromatophores O -: O -effects O -of O -hearing O -, O -solvents O -and O -detergents O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activation O -of O -the O -pH O -function O -in O -the O -chromatophores O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -low O -concentrations O -of O -diethyl O -ether B-Chemical -and O -detergents O -was O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -Ammonia B-Chemical -absorption O -was O -studied O -from O -Thirty O -- O -Vella O -colon O -loops O -in O -6 O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Absorption O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -from O -various O -solutions O -was O -also O -measured O -before O -and O -after O -portacaval O -shunt O -and O -it O -was O -shown O -taht O -absorption O -was O -increased O -from O -a O -high O -pH O -solution O -and O -from O -a O -solution O -with O -a O -high O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -content O -and O -reduced O -from O -a O -low O -pH O -, O -low O -osmolality O -and O -high O -osmolality O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Megaloblastic O -anaemia O -associated O -with O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -occurrence O -of O -thrombosis O -and O -phlebitis O -after O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -10 O -mg O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -4 O -mg O -lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -or O -1 O -- O -2 O -mg O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -was O -studied O -on O -the O -second O -or O -third O -and O -the O -seventh O -to O -10th O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -and O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -therefore O -have O -clear O -advantages O -over O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -concerning O -the O -anatomical O -location O -of O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -stimulated O -adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -the O -substantia O -nigra O -. O - -aps B-category -Lesions O -of O -the O -medial O -forebrain O -bundle O -causing O -97 O -% O -depletion O -of O -striatal O -DA O -, O -72 O -% O -depletion O -of O -nigral O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -, O -and O -no O -change O -in O -nigral O -glutamate B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -( O -GAD O -) O -, O -resulted O -in O -no O -change O -in O -basal O -or O -DA O -- O -stimulated O -cyclic O -AMP O -production O -ipsilateral O -to O -the O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -postnatal O -hyper O -- O -and O -hypothyroidism O -on O -the O -development O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -in O -rat O -cerebellum O -and O -brain O -stem O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -initiated O -early O -enough O -, O -thyroxine B-Chemical -replacement O -therapy O -reverses O -the O -effects O -of O -PTU O -on O -the O -development O -of O -D O -- O -AAO O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -silver B-Chemical -intensification O -method O -for O -cobalt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -filled I-Chemical -neurones O -in O -wholemount O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -gained O -with O -two O -different O -agonists O -( O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -carbachol B-Chemical -) O -on O -rat O -and O -dog O -intestinal O -cholinergic O -receptors O -- O -jejunum O -and O -duodenum O -respectively O -- O -show O -: O -1 O -) O -That O -relative O -potentialities O -of O -the O -anticholinergic O -drugs O -( O -pA2 O -) O -as O -well O -as O -those O -of O -the O -cholinomimetic O -agonists O -( O -pD2 O -) O -are O -markedly O -modified O -according O -to O -which O -effector O -is O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -physiological O -pH O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -significantly O -decreases O -the O -vascular O -resistance O -; O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -an O -acidaemic O -milieu O -, O -our O -data O -suggest O -that O -the O -effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -may O -be O -attenuated O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -accumulate O -free O -cyanide O -which O -interferes O -with O -the O -action O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -at O -the O -receptor O -level O -, O -leading O -to O -administration O -of O -more O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -and O -setting O -in O -motion O -a O -positive O -feedback O -vicious O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -Cultures O -of O -each O -tumor O -contained O -clusters O -of O -small O -epithelial O -- O -like O -cells O -which O -were O -readily O -identified O -by O -phase O -contrast B-Chemical -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Like O -the O -D O -- O -variant O -placental O -phenotype O -, O -this O -second O -isoenzyme O -was O -inhibited O -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -and O -ethylenediaminetetraacetic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -nor O -methysergide B-Chemical -had O -significant O -effects O -on O -hypercapneic O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lack O -of O -effect O -of O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -or O -methysergide B-Chemical -on O -pulmonary O -resistances O -indicates O -that O -the O -vasoconstrictive O -effect O -of O -increased O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -which O -accompanies O -hypercapnia O -is O -attributable O -neither O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -nor O -to O -serotonin B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -oxidation O -of O -reduced O -nicotinamide O -- O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -phosphate B-Chemical -by O -paraquat O -and O -diquat O -in O -rat O -lung O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -persisted O -for O -a O -time O -period O -of O -at O -least O -24 O -h O -. O -Exposure O -to O -100 O -% O -oxygen B-Chemical -enhanced O -the O -toxicity O -of O -both O -compounds O -without O -substantially O -amplifying O -changes O -in O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -/ O -NADP O -ratio O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -the O -influence O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -on O -the O -release O -of O -enzymes O -( O -beta O -- O -glucuronidase O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -31 O -; O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -27 O -; O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -, O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -1 O -. O -40 O -) O -and O -proteins O -using O -human O -granulocytes O -isolated O -and O -maintained O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Chlorpromazine O -had O -a O -biphasic O -effect O -on O -enzyme O -release O -and O -the O -inhibition O -of O -the O -glycolytic O -pathway O -could O -be O -demonstrated O -only O -at O -high O -concentrations O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -after O -one O -hour O -' O -s O -incubation O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -serum O -ornithine B-Chemical -carbamoyltransferase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -3 O -) O -activity O -can O -be O -a O -valuable O -diagnostic O -tool O -in O -the O -detection O -of O -liver O -diseases O -involving O -cytolytic O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -Conditions O -for O -accurate O -measurement O -of O -catalytic O -activity O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -human O -serum O -have O -been O -reinvestigated O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -technical O -reasons O -, O -the O -catalytic O -activity O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -human O -serum O -can O -only O -be O -measured O -as O -a O -0 O -. O -96 O -fraction O -of O -its O -theoretical O -maximum O -velocity O -, O -the O -catalytic O -activity O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -as O -a O -0 O -. O -91 O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -propose O -a O -simple O -, O -rapid O -, O -reproducible O -and O -reliable O -method O -for O -determination O -of O -" O -total O -estrogens B-Chemical -" O -in O -urine O -during O -the O -last O -three O -months O -of O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -estrogens B-Chemical -are O -adsorbed O -on O -the O -column O -at O -acid O -pH O -and O -eluted O -by O -1 O -M O -potassium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -wish O -to O -report O -the O -elimaination O -curves O -of O -" O -total O -estrogens B-Chemical -" O -during O -normal O -pregnancies O -and O -their O -allowable O -limits O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -of O -circulating O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -which O -appears O -to O -be O -the O -best O -and O -most O -reliable O -indirect O -means O -to O -evaluate O -the O -sympathetic O -activity O -in O -the O -human O -, O -at O -present O -, O -has O -indicated O -that O -25 O -to O -40 O -per O -cent O -of O -patients O -with O -essential O -hypertension O -are O -characterized O -by O -higher O -basal O -circulating O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -by O -a O -higher O -sympathetic O -reactivity O -in O -response O -to O -postural O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antiarrhythmic O -properties O -of O -5 O -- O -( O -3 O -- O -tert O -- O -butylamino O -- O -2 O -- O -hydroxy O -) O -propoxy O -- O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydrocarbostyril O -hydrochloride O -( O -opc O -- O -1085 O -) O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -using O -various O -kinds O -of O -preparations O -for O -experimental O -arrhythmia O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -OPC O -- O -1085 O -was O -very O -effective O -on O -aconitine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -arrhythmia O -in O -dogs O -anaesthetized O -with O -pentobarbitone O -sodium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -different O -potencies O -among O -these O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -antagonists O -against O -various O -kinds O -of O -experimental O -arrhythmias O -cannot O -be O -simply O -deduced O -from O -any O -one O -of O -the O -following O -properties O -; O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -antagonism O -, O -intrinsic O -myocardial O -stimulation O -, O -local O -anaesthetic O -and O -so O -- O -called O -quinidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Volunteer O -subjects O -were O -used O -to O -compare O -a O -potential O -antianxiety O -drug O -( O -nabilone O -, O -2 O -- O -mg O -single O -doses O -) O -with O -a O -standard O -drug O -( O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -5 O -- O -mg O -single O -doses O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracellular O -pH O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -as O -determined O -in O -biopsy O -samples O -from O -the O -quadriceps O -muscle O -of O -man O -at O -rest O -. O - -aps B-category -Muscle O -biopsies O -from O -the O -quadriceps O -muscle O -of O -13 O -healthy O -subjects O -at O -rest O -were O -analysed O -for O -acid O -- O -labile O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -and O -volume O -of O -extra O -- O -and O -intra O -- O -cellular O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -measured O -total O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -content O -in O -muscle O -was O -9 O -- O -84 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -- O -39 O -mmol O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Urine O -electrolyte O -response O -to O -18 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -11 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxycorticosterone I-Chemical -in O -normal O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -definite O -though O -weak O -antinatriuretic O -response O -to O -18 O -- O -( O -OH O -) O -DOC O -was O -observed O -, O -whereas O -urine O -potassium B-Chemical -excretion O -was O -not O -altered O -. O - -aps B-category -Urine O -pH O -was O -lowered O -by O -both O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -, O -aldosterone B-Chemical -in O -general O -having O -a O -more O -marked O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -with O -that O -of O -aldosterone B-Chemical -, O -the O -metabolic O -clearance O -rate O -of O -18 O -- O -( O -OH O -) O -DOC O -was O -slower O -andits O -plasma O -half O -- O -life O -was O -longer O -. O - -aps B-category -Abnormalities O -in O -enzymes O -involved O -in O -catecholamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -and O -catabolism O -in O -phaeochromocytoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -as O -an O -antipsychotic O -? O - -aps B-category -Submaximal O -exercise O -on O -bicycle O -ergometer O -resulted O -in O -a O -significant O -increase O -of O -plasma O -GH O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -in O -acid O -- O -base O -alterations O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymes O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -detoxication O -after O -portacaval O -shunt O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Besides O -the O -synthesis O -of O -urea B-Chemical -, O -ammonia B-Chemical -detoxication O -at O -high O -concentrations O -can O -also O -be O -effected O -through O -enzyme O -reactions O -involved O -in O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -brain O -and O -kidney O -ammonia B-Chemical -is O -detoxified O -mainly O -by O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -reactions O -whereas O -in O -the O -liver O -these O -enzyme O -reactions O -play O -a O -minor O -role O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -soluble O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -isoenzymes O -have O -been O -purified O -and O -separated O -from O -extracts O -of O -a O -paraffin O -- O -assimilating O -bacterium O -, O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -enzymes O -were O -stabilized O -by O -thiols B-Chemical -and O -glycerol O -and O -were O -inactivated O -by O -reagents O -of O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -activity O -of O -terfenadine B-Chemical -on O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -skin O -wheals O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Single O -doses O -of O -20 O -, O -60 O -and O -200 O -mg O -of O -terfenadine B-Chemical -produced O -dose O -- O -dependent O -decreases O -in O -histamine B-Chemical -wheal O -area O -that O -reached O -a O -maximum O -by O -the O -fourth O -hour O -after O -dosing O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -skin O -whealing O -appears O -to O -be O -a O -quantitative O -index O -of O -the O -time O -course O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -and O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -plus O -ethanol B-Chemical -on O -response O -to O -intradermal O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -on O -mental O -performance O -were O -assessed O -in O -twelve O -male O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -response O -was O -unaffected O -by O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Co O -- O -administration O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -caused O -greater O -impairment O -of O -performance O -in O -a O -serial O -seven O -subtraction O -test O -than O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -series O -of O -26 O -drugs O -was O -tested O -for O -in O -vitro O -binding O -to O -opiate O -receptors O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -absence O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -For O -10 O -drugs O -tested O -for O -anti O -- O -diarrheal O -potency O -significant O -correlation O -was O -observed O -with O -binding O -to O -brain O -opiate O -receptors O -when O -binding O -was O -carried O -out O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -studies O -demonstrated O -that O -carbuterol O -was O -a O -direct O -acting O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonist O -, O -not O -dependent O -on O -endogenous O -catecholamine B-Chemical -release O -, O -and O -was O -devoid O -of O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -agonist O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -anesthetized O -cat O -, O -carbuterol O -was O -significantly O -less O -potent O -than O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -in O -decreasing O -diastolic O -blood O -pressure O -, O -increasing O -heart O -rate O -, O -and O -decreasing O -the O -tension O -and O -degree O -of O -fusion O -of O -incomplete O -tetanic O -contraction O -of O -the O -soleus O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronotropic O -and O -inotropic O -responses O -were O -elicited O -in O -isolated O -rabbit O -hearts O -by O -stimulation O -of O -the O -sympathetic O -nerves O -or O -by O -infusion O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -or O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -the O -effects O -of O -papaverine B-Chemical -and O -imidazole O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -) O -on O -these O -responses O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Papaverine O -increased O -the O -outflow O -of O -transmitter O -during O -nerve O -stimulation O -by O -45 O -% O -and O -potentiated O -both O -the O -chronotropic O -and O -inotropic O -responses O -induced O -by O -nerve O -stimulation O -and O -those O -induced O -by O -infusion O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -S O -. O -c O -. O -injections O -of O -cholinergic O -agents O -, O -carbachol B-Chemical -, O -methacholine O -and O -bethanechol B-Chemical -, O -into O -fasted O -rats O -caused O -rapid O -increases O -in O -the O -plasma O -concentration O -of O -cyclic O -GMP O -, O -with O -a O -sharp O -peak O -at O -5 O -- O -- O -10 O -min O -after O -the O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Atropine B-Chemical -was O -effective O -not O -only O -in O -abolishing O -the O -increase O -in O -plasma O -cyclic O -GMP O -induced O -by O -cholinergic O -drugs O -but O -also O -in O -lowering O -the O -baseline O -level O -of O -cyclic O -GMP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -narcotic O -cueing O -activity O -of O -sufentanil O -, O -fentanyl B-Chemical -, O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -met O -- O -enkephalin O -was O -studied O -upon O -their O -injection O -into O -the O -lateral O -brain O -ventricle O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholesterol B-Chemical -ester O -hydrolase O -activity O -in O -human O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combination O -of O -these O -effects O -appears O -to O -be O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -oxatomide O -in O -allergic O -reactions O -and O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -clinical O -application O -different O -from O -classical O -antihistaminics O -and O -from O -cromoglycate O -. O - -aps B-category -Inactivation O -of O -catalase O -by O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pressure O -relaxation O -studies O -of O -isomerisations O -of O -horse O -liver O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -linked O -to O -NAD O -+ O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aldosterone I-Chemical -system O -in O -essential O -hypertension O -- O -- O -hypotensive O -action O -of O -beta O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -and O -variation O -of O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aldosterone I-Chemical -system O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -effect O -of O -carteolol B-Chemical -, O -another O -beta O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -, O -was O -studied O -, O -a O -decrease O -in O -blood O -pressure O -was O -obtained O -, O -but O -there O -was O -a O -rise O -in O -PRA O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1 O -) O -The O -percutaneous O -penetration O -of O -lignocaine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -is O -affected O -in O -vitro O -by O -the O -pH O -; O -alkalinity O -increased O -the O -portion O -of O -the O -unionized O -drug O -which O -permeated O -through O -the O -lipoid O -outer O -skin O -membrane O -of O -guinea O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -3 O -) O -The O -dermal O -transfer O -rates O -of O -lignocaine B-Chemical -into O -the O -isotonic O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -) O -of O -the O -diffusion O -cell O -decreased O -with O -the O -increase O -in O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -initially O -applied O -solution O -on O -the O -epidermal O -side O -of O -the O -diffusion O -cell O -; O -the O -simultaneous O -cutaneous O -penetration O -of O -the O -alkaline O -buffer O -promoted O -retention O -of O -the O -unionized O -drug O -in O -the O -dermis O -. O - -aps B-category -Variations O -in O -the O -alkaline O -pH O -of O -lignocaine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -solution O -appear O -to O -govern O -the O -rate O -- O -limiting O -factor O -of O -the O -total O -percutaneous O -penetration O -; O -the O -pharmacologic O -action O -of O -lignocaine B-Chemical -may O -thus O -be O -localized O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -studies O -on O -the O -metabolism O -of O -2 O -- O -( O -tetrahydrofuryl O -) O -- B-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -- O -( O -Tetrahydrofury O -) O -- B-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -( O -FT O -- O -207 O -) O -did O -not O -inhibit O -DNA O -synthesis O -with O -any O -of O -the O -precursors O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -administered O -intravenously O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -was O -rapidly O -degraded O -to O -fluoro B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -in O -both O -mice O -and O -rats O -, O -while O -at O -most O -70 O -% O -of O -FT O -- O -207 O -was O -slowly O -degraded O -after O -a O -prolonged O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -degradation O -of O -FT O -- O -207 O -into O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -was O -observed O -mainly O -in O -the O -microsomal O -fraction O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mode O -of O -generation O -of O -free O -radicals O -of O -daunomycin O -, O -adriamycin B-Chemical -, O -and O -carboquone O -in O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -rat I-Chemical -liver O -microsome O -system O -was O -studied O -at O -room O -temperature O -by O -electron O -spin O -resonance O -( O -ESR O -) O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -there O -were O -differences O -in O -the O -mode O -of O -their O -generation O -between O -daunomycin O -and O -adriamycin B-Chemical -, O -on O -the O -one O -hand O -, O -and O -carboquone O -, O -on O -the O -other O -, O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -lag O -time O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -amount O -of O -chemicals O -, O -pH O -of O -the O -medium O -, O -kind O -of O -electron O -donors O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -NADH O -, O -and O -the O -presence O -of O -excess O -of O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Intact O -Ehrlich O -ascites O -tumor O -cells O -also O -gave O -rise O -to O -an O -ESR O -signal O -of O -adriamycin B-Chemical -and O -carboquone O -, O -but O -the O -former O -signal O -was O -prevented O -from O -appearing O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Tyrosine O -aminotransferase O -in O -8999C O -cells O -was O -induced O -by O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -but O -not O -by O -N6 O -, O -O2 O -' O -- O -dibutyryladenosine O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -monophosphate O -or O -insulin O -. O - -aps B-category -Peripheral O -cardiovascular O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -special O -conditions O -, O -high O -pH O -, O -low O -ionic O -strength O -, O -and O -high O -glycerol O -content O -, O -which O -strongly O -enhance O -splitting O -with O -decreased O -specificity O -and O -also O -lead B-Chemical -to O -splitting O -of O -single O -- O -stranded O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -interactions O -of O -ergot B-Chemical -alkaloids O -with O -monoaminergic O -receptors O -in O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tested O -ergot B-Chemical -alkaloids O -inhibit O -synaptosomal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -and O -reverse O -the O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -elicited I-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -synaptosomal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Ergot O -alkaloids O -also O -compete O -effectively O -for O -the O -binding O -of O -3H O -- O -DA O -and O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -haloperidol I-Chemical -to O -bovine O -striatal O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -displacing O -potencies O -of O -the O -tested O -ergot B-Chemical -alkaloids O -and O -of O -the O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -indicated O -that O -they O -have O -a O -high O -affinity O -for O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreceptors O -in O -the O -CNS O -. O - -aps B-category -Eagle O -' O -s O -Minimum O -Essential O -Medium O -( O -fortified O -with O -six O -times O -the O -usual O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -concentration O -plus O -20 O -percent O -fetal O -bovine O -serum O -, O -replaced O -after O -48 O -hr O -with O -human O -cord O -serum O -) O -, O -83 O -percent O -of O -the O -blastocysts O -shed O -the O -zona O -pellucida O -, O -58 O -percent O -developed O -to O -the O -early O -egg O -cylinder O -stage O -, O -42 O -percent O -to O -the O -advanced O -egg O -cylinder O -stage O -and O -22 O -percent O -attained O -the O -primitive O -streak O -stage O -after O -6 O -to O -8 O -days O -of O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -antigen O -by O -immunoinhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -TF O -there O -is O -no O -specific O -high O -molecular O -weight O -inhibitor O -of O -AF O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -weaned O -pigs O -there O -was O -a O -highly O -significant O -negative O -correlation O -between O -pH O -and O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -stomach O -digesta O -, O -and O -also O -a O -positive O -correlation O -between O -pH O -and O -number O -of O -E O -. O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -of O -twenty O -sucking O -pigs O -, O -but O -none O -of O -the O -weaned O -pigs O -, O -were O -secreting O -HCl O -( O -chloride B-Chemical -concentration O -& O -gt O -; O -3 O -mg O -/ O -g O -, O -pH O -& O -lt O -; O -3 O -. O -5 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -short O -- O -term O -kinetics O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -cells O -from O -20 O -- O -to O -22 O -- O -h O -cultures O -of O -Streptococcus O -mutans O -strain O -6715 O -were O -studied O -using O -rapid O -filtration O -and O -centrifugation O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -Media O -fluoride B-Chemical -concentrations O -subsequently O -increased O -; O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -fluoride B-Chemical -was O -released O -from O -the O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -preincubation O -of O -the O -cells O -in O -fluoride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -buffers O -, O -followed O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -reduced O -fluoride B-Chemical -uptake O -markedly O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucan O -from O -d O -and O -e O -strains O -of O -S O -. O -mutans O -and O -dextran B-Chemical -T2000 O -were O -also O -precipitated O -by O -Con O -A O -. O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -agglutination O -of O -type O -f O -cells O -by O -Con O -A O -and O -the O -agglutination O -of O -type O -d O -cells O -by O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -treatment O -with O -dextranase O -, O -the O -sucrose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -grown I-Chemical -cells O -bound O -two O -- O -to O -fourfold O -more O -Con O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -10 O -microgram O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -per O -ml O -to O -log O -- O -phase O -cultures O -of O -Neisseria O -gonorrhoeae O -JW O -- O -31 O -( O -minimum O -inhibitory O -concentration O -for O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -, O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -007 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -) O -resulted O -in O -cellular O -lysis O -after O -a O -lag O -of O -30 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrolysis O -was O -initiated O -immediately O -after O -addition O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -; O -cellular O -lysis O -did O -not O -occur O -until O -a O -considerable O -percentage O -of O -the O -peptidoglycan O -had O -been O -degraded O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -cells O -were O -grown O -in O -media O -buffered O -with O -N O -- O -2 O -- O -hydroxyethyl O -piperazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -' O -- O -2 O -- O -ethanesulfonic O -acid O -at O -pH O -6 O -, O -penicillin B-Chemical -did O -not O -cause O -lysis O -; O -however O -, O -at O -this O -pH O -, O -peptidoglycan O -hydrolysis O -occurred O -and O -cells O -lost O -viability O -at O -the O -same O -rate O -as O -in O -the O -control O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -enhanced I-Chemical -lysis O -, O -peptidoglycan O -hydrolysis O -, O -and O -loss O -of O -viability O -were O -also O -markedly O -reduced O -in O -cells O -grown O -at O -28 O -degrees O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -insulin O -- O -like O -action O -of O -Bordetella O -pertussis B-Chemical -vaccine I-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -vaccine O -, O -like O -insulin O -, O -raised O -glycogen O -levels O -in O -liver O -, O -skeletal O -muscle O -and O -heart O -and O -reduced O -the O -plasma O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -and O -one O -of O -its O -major O -metabolites O -, O -imidazoleacetic O -acid O -, O -were O -selectively O -chemotactic O -for O -guinea O -pig O -eosinophils O -, O -whereas O -L O -- O -histidine O -, O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -methylimidazoleacetic O -acid O -, O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -methylhistamine O -and O -N O -- O -acetylhistamine O -were O -inactive O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -human O -tetrapeptide O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -serine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -analogue O -, O -valine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartic I-Chemical -acid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -were O -inactive O -whereas O -alanine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -serine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -chemotactic O -for O -the O -guinea O -pig O -eosinophil O -. O - -aps B-category -S O -to O -N O -acyl O -shift O -in O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -imidazole O -groups O -in O -the O -neighbourhood O -of O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -functions O -seems O -to O -result O -in O -an O -enhancement O -of O -the O -activity O -, O -which O -we O -attributed O -to O -a O -cooperative O -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -lead B-Chemical -us O -to O -suggest O -that O -, O -unless O -convincing O -proofs O -of O -deacylation O -are O -given O -, O -the O -various O -models O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -proteases I-Chemical -studied O -so O -far O -do O -not O -behave O -as O -" O -true O -catalysts O -" O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs O -of O -the O -phenothiazine O -type O -and O -related O -classes O -possess O -a O -blocking O -effect O -on O -dopaminergic O -transmission O -in O -nigro O -- O -striatal O -, O -mesolimbic O -and O -mesocortical O -areas O -; O -experiments O -supporting O -both O -a O -pre O -- O -and O -post O -- O -synaptic O -site O -of O -action O -have O -been O -described O -, O -together O -with O -the O -interference O -at O -the O -molecular O -level O -with O -DA O -- O -sensitive O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Critical O -residues O -in O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -pulse O -- O -radiolysis O -spectra O -, O -this O -increase O -is O -associated O -with O -attack O -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -in O -the O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -( O -s O -) O -splits O -DNA O -, O -yielding O -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -hydroxyl I-Chemical -terminated O -polynucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -of O -Vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -on O -alternate O -days O -, O -five O -times O -to O -rats O -, O -resulted O -in O -a O -marked O -lowering O -in O -in O -vitro O -lipid O -peroxidation O -of O -the O -tissue O -hemogenates O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparison O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -pipothiazine O -palmitate O -and O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -decanoate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -often O -applied O -dosage O -was O -100 O -mg O -pipothiazine O -palmitate O -and O -25 O -or O -37 O -. O -5 O -mg O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -decanoate O -. O - -aps B-category -Dissolution O -of O -urinary O -stones O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chelating I-Chemical -agents O -: O -A O -study O -using O -a O -model O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -N O -- O -acetylgalactosamine O -and O -N O -- O -acetylglucosamine O -inhibit O -to O -the O -greatest O -extent O -; O -galactosamine B-Chemical -, O -glucosamine O -and O -fucose O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -. O - -aps B-category -N O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -Furyl O -) O -acryloyl O -penicillin B-Chemical -: O -a O -novel O -compound O -for O -the O -spectrophotometric O -assay O -of O -beta O -- O -lactamase O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -Methicillin O -- O -sensitive O -( O -MS O -) O -cells O -of O -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -had O -a O -minimum O -electrophoretic O -mobility O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -, O -whereas O -methicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -( O -MR O -) O -strains O -showed O -only O -a O -slight O -plateau O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -of O -polypeptides O -from O -Bacteroides O -melaninogenicus O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -were O -analyzed O -for O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -( O -ATP O -) O -, O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphate O -( O -ADP O -) O -, O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -AMP O -) O -, O -phosphorylcreatine B-Chemical -( O -PC O -) O -, O -creatine B-Chemical -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -lactate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -PG O -showed O -a O -nonlinear O -relationship O -to O -the O -muscle O -lactate B-Chemical -content O -. O - -aps B-category -gltB O -gene O -and O -regulation O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -metabolism O -by O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -revertants O -of O -these O -Asm O -- O -strains O -selected O -on O -one O -of O -these O -compounds O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -arginine O -, O -proline O -, O -or O -gamma O -- O -aminobutyrate O -) O -were O -those O -that O -produce O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -GS O -) O -constitutively O -( O -GlnC O -phenotype O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggested O -that O -the O -expression O -of O -the O -genes O -responsible O -for O -the O -metabolism O -of O -these O -nitrogen B-Chemical -sources O -was O -regulated O -by O -GS O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -course O -of O -this O -study O -we O -found O -that O -the O -reported O -position O -of O -the O -locus O -( O -gltB O -) O -for O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -is O -incorrect O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -extracellular O -protease O -from O -Myxococcus O -virescens O -was O -purified O -by O -phosphate B-Chemical -precipitation O -, O -gel O -exclusion O -, O -and O -ion O -- O -exchange O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Ammonia B-Chemical -assimilation O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -formation O -in O -Caulobacter O -crescentus O -. O - -aps B-category -Mutants O -auxotrophic O -for O -glutamate B-Chemical -lacked O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -activity O -, O -and O -the O -mutations O -leading O -to O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -auxotrophy O -appeared O -to O -lie O -at O -two O -distinct O -genetic O -loci O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -activity O -was O -highest O -in O -cultures O -grown O -in O -minimal O -medium O -with O -ammonia B-Chemical -as O -sole O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -and O -was O -about O -fivefold O -lower O -in O -rich O -broth O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -appeared O -to O -be O -regulated O -by O -an O -adenylylation O -system O -like O -that O -described O -for O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Flavin O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -was O -required O -for O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -and O -could O -be O -replaced O -in O -part O -by O -riboflavin B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -concentration O -dependence O -of O -spectrophotometric O -titrations O -of O -hog O -kidney O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -[ O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -3 O -] O -with O -p O -- O -aminobenzoate O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -light O -- O -induced O -pH O -change O -stimulated O -by O -KCl O -plus O -valinomycin O -was O -inhibited O -by O -LiCl B-Chemical -and O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -by O -RbCl O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -pH O -, O -metal O -ions O -, O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -on O -aminopeptidase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Removal O -of O -endogenous O -catecholamines B-Chemical -by O -gel O -filtration O -or O -cation O -exchange O -results O -in O -a O -similar O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -analysis O -indicates O -that O -protein O -phosphorylation O -causes O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -Ki O -for O -end O -product O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -gel O -filtration O -or O -cation O -exchange O -treatment O -has O -little O -effect O -on O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -Ki O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -this O -compound O -, O -a O -specific O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -transferrin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anion I-Chemical -complex O -is O -formed O -, O -as O -evidenced O -by O -the O -development O -of O -a O -characteristic O -red O -color O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -complex O -is O -more O -stable O -at O -low O -pH O -than O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -transferrin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -valence O -- O -hybrid O -thus O -formed O -was O -reacted O -with O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -with O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -methemoglobin O -is O -stabilized O -in O -a O -T O -state O -, O -but O -it O -switches O -into O -a O -high O -affinity O -state O -when O -the O -pH O -is O -raised O -a0ove O -8 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Increase O -in O -hepatic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -mRNA O -during O -enzyme O -induction O -by O -N6 O -, O -O2 O -' O -- O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -overall O -template O -activity O -of O -the O -RNA O -prepared O -from O -control O -and O -cyclic O -AMP O -- O -treated O -animals O -was O -virtually O -identical O -, O -demonstrating O -that O -the O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -effect O -was O -specific O -for O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -mRNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -inducers O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -such O -as O -glucagon O -and O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -, O -also O -increased O -the O -level O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -mRNA O -in O -proportion O -to O -their O -effect O -on O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -demonstrate O -that O -, O -in O -intact O -animals O -, O -the O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -by O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -can O -be O -completely O -accounted O -for O -by O -a O -corresponding O -increase O -in O -the O -level O -of O -functional O -mRNA O -coding O -for O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rapid O -catabolism O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -by O -the O -cultured O -human O -lymphoblast O -line O -WI O -- O -L2 O -can O -be O -inhibited O -greater O -than O -95 O -% O -by O -incubation O -of O -cell O -suspensions O -with O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diazo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norleucine I-Chemical -( O -DON O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -DON O -- O -treated O -and O -control O -cells O -accumulated O -radioactive O -material O -from O -suspensions O -containing O -[ O -14C O -] O -- B-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -at O -similar O -initial O -rates O -; O -the O -radioactive O -material O -accumulated O -by O -the O -DON O -- O -treated O -cells O -is O -all O -recoverable O -as O -glutamine B-Chemical -while O -the O -radioactive O -material O -accumulated O -by O -untreated O -cells O -is O -principally O -recovered O -as O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -cells O -with O -procaine B-Chemical -, O -or O -xylocaine O -, O -has O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -cells O -' O -agglutinability O -or O -on O -the O -extrusion O -of O -lobopodia O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -folate B-Chemical -enzymes O -by O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -remains O -uncertain O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -of O -these O -enzymes O -was O -inhibited O -by O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -in O -the O -same O -concentration O -range O -as O -that O -previously O -observed O -to O -inhibit O -intestinal O -folate B-Chemical -transport O -; O -the O -kinetic O -data O -are O -consistent O -with O -a O -competitive O -mode O -of O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulfasalazine B-Chemical -, O -therefore O -, O -has O -certain O -properties O -of O -an O -antifolate O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -also O -suggest O -that O -the O -partial O -correction O -of O -Cbl O -malabsorption O -observed O -with O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -is O -due O -to O -neutralization O -of O -gastric O -HCl O -, O -since O -at O -slightly O -alkaline O -, O -pH O -IF O -can O -partially O -compete O -with O -R O -protein O -for O -the O -initial O -binding O -and O -retention O -of O -Cbl O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -for O -human O -erythrocyte O -gammaGCT O -was O -found O -to O -be O -9 O -. O -0 O -, O -and O -the O -Km O -for O -gammaglutamyl O -alanine B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -2 O -. O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -. O -Human O -erythrocytes O -had O -the O -highest O -activity O -of O -all O -the O -species O -studied O -( O -human O -, O -rabbit O -, O -dog O -, O -sheep O -, O -cattle O -, O -chicken O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -TG O -removal O -system B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -heparin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -elutable I-Chemical -LPL O -activities O -- O -- O -was O -similar O -in O -control O -and O -uremic O -animals O -in O -heart O -, O -diaphragm O -, O -and O -adipose O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -characteristics O -and O -localization O -of O -a O -cholesterol B-Chemical -ester O -hydrolase O -enzyme O -in O -homogenates O -of O -whole O -testis O -and O -in O -isolated O -seminiferous O -tubules O -and O -interstitial O -cells O -of O -mature O -rats O -have O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholesterol B-Chemical -ester O -hydrolase O -may O -function O -to O -provide O -precursors O -for O -use O -in O -seminiferous O -tubular O -steroid B-Chemical -hormone O -biosynthesis O -or O -germ O -cell O -maturation O -. O - -aps B-category -Energetics O -of O -biological O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fixation O -: O -determination O -of O -the O -ratio O -of O -formation O -of O -H2 O -to O -NH4 O -+ O -catalysed O -by O -nitrogenase O -of O -Klebsiella O -pneumoniae O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Correlation O -between O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -and O -catecholamine B-Chemical -concentration O -or O -turnover O -in O -brain O -regions O -. O - -aps B-category -Radiometric O -assay O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -by O -Kalignost O -extraction O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -Decreased O -glucocorticoid O -induction O -of O -brain O -glycerol O -phosphate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -following O -transplacental O -carcinogenesis O -with O -ethylnitrosourea O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacologic O -effects O -of O -furosemide B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -the O -low O -- O -birth O -- O -weight O -infant O -. O - -aps B-category -Furosemide B-Chemical -( O -for O -clinical O -indication O -, O -standardized O -at O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -was O -given O -intravenously O -over O -one O -minute O -; O -data O -were O -collected O -over O -the O -ensuing O -24 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -, O -percent O -fractional O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -, O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -excretion O -were O -significantly O -increased O -and O -urinary O -pH O -significantly O -decreased O -for O -six O -hours O -following O -the O -administration O -of O -furosemide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Furosemide B-Chemical -is O -an O -effective O -diuretic B-Chemical -, O -the O -onset O -of O -pharmacologic O -action O -was O -within O -one O -hour O -, O -the O -peak O -action O -was O -sustained O -for O -three O -hours O -, O -and O -the O -duration O -of O -action O -was O -six O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Physiologic O -changes O -induced O -by O -theophylline B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -apnea O -in O -preterm O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -Theophylline B-Chemical -decreased O -the O -incidence O -of O -apnea O -( O -P O -less O -than O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -increased O -respiratory O -minute O -volume O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -decreased O -( O -PACO2 O -( O -and O -PaCO2 O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -increased O -the O -slope O -of O -the O -CO2 O -response O -curve O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -with O -a O -significant O -shift O -to O -the O -left O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -microfilaria O -of O -Brugia O -timori O -was O -compared O -with O -microfilariae O -of O -Indonesian O -strains O -of O -periodic O -and O -subperiodic O -Brugia O -malayi O -using O -alcohol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fixed I-Chemical -( O -stained O -) O -and O -formalin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fixed I-Chemical -( O -unstained O -) O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -Physostigmine O -' O -s O -effect O -on O -diminished O -fetal O -heart O -rate O -variability O -caused O -by O -scopolamine B-Chemical -, O -meperidine B-Chemical -and O -propiomazine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -the O -study O -indicated O -that O -scopolamine B-Chemical -in O -doses O -of O -0 O -. O -65 O -to O -1 O -. O -08 O -milligrams O -diminished O -fetal O -heart O -rate O -variability O -in O -all O -7 O -patients O -and O -physostigmine B-Chemical -reversed O -this O -loss O -of O -fetal O -heart O -rate O -variability O -in O -all O -7 O -patients O -within O -4 O -to O -17 O -minutes O -after O -injection O -of O -the O -first O -dose O -of O -physostigmine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -seems O -tenable O -from O -this O -study O -that O -physostigmine B-Chemical -does O -cross O -the O -placental O -barrier O -and O -enters O -the O -fetal O -circulation O -and O -that O -this O -usually O -occurs O -within O -3 O -to O -17 O -minutes O -with O -an O -average O -of O -approximately O -9 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -adrenalectomy O -on O -the O -activities O -of O -monoamine O -oxidase O -( O -MAO O -) O -, O -NADH O -cytochrome O -c O -reductase O -( O -NCR O -) O -, O -succinate O -dehydrogenase O -, O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -fumarase O -, O -NAD O -+ O -nucleosidase O -and O -acid O -phosphatase O -in O -homogenates O -of O -rat O -hearts O -was O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -normal O -rats O -with O -metyrapone O -( O -20 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -day O -- O -1 O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -for O -5 O -days O -, O -starting O -on O -the O -day O -before O -implantation O -, O -inhibited O -the O -production O -of O -granuloma O -, O -induced O -by O -carrageenan B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -impregnated I-Chemical -sponges O -, O -determined O -8 O -days O -after O -implantation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -essential O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -deficient O -( O -EFAD O -) O -rats O -, O -metyrapone O -did O -not O -alter O -the O -already O -existing O -adrenal O -hyperplasia O -due O -to O -EFAD O -and O -did O -not O -affect O -either O -granuloma O -formation O -or O -exudate O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -metyrapone O -is O -a O -more O -useful O -tool O -than O -adrenalectomy O -in O -studying O -the O -role O -of O -endogenous O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -X O -- O -ray O -procedure O -for O -estimation O -of O -the O -degree O -of O -crystallinity O -in O -digoxin B-Chemical -is O -based O -upon O -measurement O -of O -the O -total O -X O -- O -ray O -scattering O -and O -the O -scattering O -from O -crystalline O -regions O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -composition O -and O -ageing O -on O -the O -dissolution O -rates O -of O -chlorpropamide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -solid O -dispersions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimum O -dissolution O -rate O -composition O -found O -was O -for O -a O -melt O -composed O -of O -30 O -% O -w O -/ O -w O -chlorpropamide B-Chemical -which O -possessed O -an O -intrinsic O -dissolution O -rate O -930 O -times O -greater O -than O -for O -the O -pure O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -steroidal I-Chemical -anti I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inflammatory I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -on O -the O -tetrazolium O -reductase O -activity O -of O -leucocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -the O -release O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -activity O -from O -guinea O -- O -pig O -isolated O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -Steroid B-Chemical -absorption O -- O -use O -of O -the O -substituent O -constant O -pi O -' O -. O - -aps B-category -Tablets O -prepared O -from O -microcrystalline O -cellulose O -showed O -very O -high O -adhesions O -despite O -having O -relatively O -smooth O -surfaces O -, O -owing O -to O -the O -surface O -being O -saturated O -with O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -groups O -able O -to O -form O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonds O -with O -the O -corresponding O -groups O -on O -the O -polymer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -lubricant O -concentration O -on O -the O -adhesion O -could O -be O -expressed O -by O -an O -equation O -similar O -to O -that O -proposed O -by O -Hofrichter O -& O -amp O -; O -McLaren O -( O -1948 O -) O -for O -the O -adhesion O -of O -vinyl O -chloride B-Chemical -/ O -vinyl O -acetate O -copolymers O -to O -regenerated O -cellulose O -. O - -aps B-category -p O -- O -Chlorophenylalanine O -, O -which O -produces O -a O -depletion O -of O -brain O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -concentration O -, O -had O -effects O -qualitatively O -similar O -to O -those O -previously O -found O -with O -chronic O -chlordiazepoxide O -and O -with O -acute O -ethanol B-Chemical -in O -the O -social O -interaction O -test O -of O -anxiety O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -same O -test O -, O -ethanolamine O -- O -O O -- O -sulphate O -, O -which O -raises O -brain O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -was O -without O -effect O -, O -suggesting O -raised O -concentrations O -of O -this O -acid O -are O -not O -essential O -for O -anxiety O -reduction O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -standard O -diuretic B-Chemical -compounds O -were O -evaluated O -for O -electrolyte O -output O -, O -effects O -on O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -( O -GFR O -) O -, O -and O -effective O -renal O -plasma O -flow O -( O -RPF O -) O -in O -an O -anaesthetized O -rat O -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -the O -rate O -of O -a O -3 O -% O -mannitol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -0 I-Chemical -. O -9 O -% O -NaCl B-Chemical -infusion O -to O -rats O -permitted O -the O -establishment O -of O -GFR O -and O -RPF O -values O -which O -were O -approximately O -in O -the O -middle O -of O -the O -reported O -range O -for O -this O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -effectively O -blocked O -by O -the O -peripheral O -dopamine B-Chemical -inhibitor O -, O -bulbocapnine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -three O -pulmonary O -metabolites O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -E2 O -and O -F2alpha O -on O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -tracheal O -muscle O -in O -vitro O -and O -on O -lung O -resistance O -in O -vivo O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -15 O -- O -oxo O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -relaxed O -some O -tracheal O -preparations O -but O -stimulated O -others O -, O -the O -stimulant O -action O -having O -a O -threshold O -dose O -range O -some O -10 O -- O -25 O -times O -lower O -than O -the O -relaxant O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -and O -its O -three O -pulmonary O -metabolites O -produced O -relaxation O -of O -guinea O -pig O -trachea O -in O -vitro O -and O -decreased O -lung O -resistance O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vitro O -effects O -of O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -and O -its O -metabolites O -were O -selectively O -blocked O -by O -polyphloretin O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -analysis O -of O -the O -inhibitory O -effects O -and O -of O -possible O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -antagonism O -of O -chloroquine B-Chemical -in O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -isolated O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -Multiple O -brain O -sites O -involved O -in O -morphine B-Chemical -antinociception O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -actions O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -and O -putative O -serotonin B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonists O -on O -LSD O -and O -quipazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -reductions O -of O -brain O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Difference O -in O -the O -mechanisms O -by O -which O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -histamine B-Chemical -interact O -with O -Ca2 O -+ O -to O -contract O -the O -rabbit O -taenia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -delta9 O -- O -tetrahydrocannabinol O -on O -serum O -thyroxine B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -solubilization O -and O -dissolution O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -by O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -mixtures O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Receptors O -involved O -in O -inhibition O -of O -the O -response O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -released O -from O -the O -myenteric O -plexus O -of O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileum O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -proteolytic O -enzymes O -on O -the O -disposition O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Heparin B-Chemical -stability O -in O -dextrose B-Chemical -solutions O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -CTAB O -on O -the O -radiation O -sensitivity O -of O -benzocaine O -to O -hydrated O -electrons O -and O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -radicals O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -amikacin B-Chemical -on O -autonomic O -and O -neuromuscular O -transmission O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Potentiation O -by O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -of O -responses O -to O -cholinergic O -nerve O -stimulation O -in O -the O -isolated O -gastric O -fundus O -preparation O -of O -the O -rat O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -hypoglycaemic O -action O -of O -gliclazide B-Chemical -, O -a O -sulphonyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -drug O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -of O -a O -transient O -iodine B-Chemical -disinfecting O -system O -for O -hydrophilic O -contact O -lenses O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -( O -ethoxy O -) O -5 O -octyl O -phenol B-Chemical -on O -the O -antibacterial O -properties O -of O -preservatives O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Elucidation O -of O -the O -nature O -of O -genetic O -damage O -formed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -sunscreening O -agent O -, O -para B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -benzoic O -acid O -, O -during O -irradiation O -with O -near O -ultraviolet O -light O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Antagonism O -of O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotic O -action O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Degradation O -of O -( O -- O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -ephedrine I-Chemical -in O -solution O -and O -during O -extraction O -with O -diethyl O -ether B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -losses O -were O -, O -at O -least O -in O -part O -, O -caused O -by O -reaction O -of O -the O -ephedrine B-Chemical -with O -aldehydic O -impurities O -in O -the O -ether B-Chemical -; O -three O -substituted O -oxazolidines O -were O -identified O -, O -using O -g O -. O -l O -. O -c O -. O - -aps B-category -Alternative O -mechanisms O -for O -ephedrine B-Chemical -breakdown O -were O -considered O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -artifactual O -formation O -of O -cyanide O -by O -whole O -blood O -was O -reduced O -by O -exposure O -to O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Modification O -by O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitors O -of O -the O -analgesic O -, O -hypothermic O -and O -toxic O -actions O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -pethidine B-Chemical -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -modification O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -analgesia O -and O -hypothermia O -, O -but O -not O -morphine B-Chemical -analgesia O -, O -was O -antagonized O -by O -methysergide B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -lg O -- O -1 O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increased O -lethality O -of O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -induced O -by O -phenelzine O -was O -also O -prevented O -by O -methysergide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Delay O -of O -castor O -oil O -diarrhoea O -in O -rats O -: O -a O -new O -way O -to O -evaluate O -inhibitors O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Suprofen B-Chemical -, O -the O -most O -potent O -of O -the O -series O -of O -compounds O -, O -produced O -the O -1 O -h O -delay O -at O -an O -oral O -dose O -of O -1 O -. O -11 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -; O -the O -ED50 O -increased O -linearly O -to O -115 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -for O -a O -4 O -h O -delay O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -delay O -of O -castor O -oil O -- O -induced O -diarrhoea O -in O -rats O -allows O -a O -detailed O -characterization O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -compounds O -, O -and O -that O -inhibition O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -is O -insufficient O -to O -suppress O -the O -intestinal O -effects O -of O -the O -oil O -. O - -aps B-category -Molecular O -mechanisms O -of O -motor O -effects O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -cholera O -toxin O -in O -chicks O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fate O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -A1 O -- O -17 O -, O -18 O -- O -3H O -in O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -dihydroxytryptamine O -on O -the O -head O -twitches O -induced O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -mescaline O -and O -fludiazepam O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Compression O -data O -from O -different O -size O -fractions O -of O -lactose O -, O -chloroquine B-Chemical -diphosphate O -, O -stearic O -acid O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -have O -been O -analysed O -using O -the O -Walker O -and O -the O -Heckel O -compression O -equations O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxic O -interactions O -between O -disulfiram B-Chemical -, O -and O -some O -centrally O -acting O -drugs O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -' O -Immunogenic O -impurities O -' O -in O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -two O -linear O -polymers O -, O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -6000 O -and O -povidone O -25 O -, O -000 O -, O -on O -the O -dissolution O -rate O -of O -three O -poorly O -soluble O -drugs O -, O -nitrofurantoin O -, O -ethotoin O -, O -and O -coumarin B-Chemical -, O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -TLC O -and O -IR O -studies O -ruled O -out O -any O -interaction O -between O -the O -drugs O -and O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -6000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -was O -tested O -on O -two O -data O -sets O -( O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -dihydroxyadenine O -) O -and O -rendered O -pKa O -( O -thermodynamic O -) O -estimates O -in O -close O -agreement O -with O -those O -using O -other O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -determine O -the O -pharmacological O -significance O -of O -reported O -differences O -between O -species O -in O -l O -- O -bunolol O -metabolism O -, O -oral O -and O -intravenous O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -activity O -against O -an O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -tachycardia O -was O -compared O -in O -dogs O -, O -rats O -, O -and O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -Species O -differences O -in O -intravenous O -potency O -were O -minimal O -for O -both O -compounds O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -oral O -dose O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Compounds O -VIII O -, O -IX O -, O -and O -X O -did O -not O -appear O -in O -the O -neutral O -region O -since O -ether B-Chemical -cleavage O -occurred O -only O -in O -strong O -mineral O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -was O -measured O -with O -pH O -microelectrodes O -of O -tip O -size O -1 O -- O -3 O -mum O -in O -cortex O -and O -medulla O -in O -seventeen O -cats O -, O -anaesthetized O -with O -pentobarbitone O -or O -a O -chloralose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urethane I-Chemical -mixture O -. O - -aps B-category -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -( O -4 O -- O -AP O -, O -1 O -mM O -) O -increased O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -NA O -) O -output O -from O -the O -perfused O -cat O -spleen O -at O -5 O -Hz O -by O -about O -fivefold O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -10 O -mM O -, O -it O -induced O -spontaneous O -release O -of O -NA O -which O -was O -insensitive O -to O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -- O -AP O -enhanced O -release O -at O -all O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -up O -to O -5 O -mM O -, O -but O -maximum O -output O -was O -obtained O -at O -2 O -. O -5 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -4 O -- O -AP O -inactivates O -potassium B-Chemical -current O -in O -sympathetic O -nerves O -and O -prolongs O -the O -duration O -of O -the O -action O -potential O -, O -thereby O -allowing O -a O -greater O -influx O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -into O -the O -neurone O -to O -enhance O -release O -of O -NA O -. O - -aps B-category -Forces O -involved O -in O -the O -stacking O -interaction O -between O -aminoquinoline O -and O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -bases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -show O -that O -forces O -of O -the O -donor O -- O -acceptor O -type O -, O -due O -to O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -positive O -charge O -on O -the O -quinoline O -ring O -at O -neutral O -pH O -, O -do O -not O -bring O -an O -important O -contribution O -to O -the O -stacking O -interaction O -between O -the O -aminoquinoline O -and O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -bases O -, O -while O -the O -influence O -of O -the O -solvent O -water O -is O -fundamental O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -series O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -amines B-Chemical -containing O -an O -oximino O -- O -propanolic O -chain O -linked O -to O -an O -aromatic O -nucleus O -was O -synthesized O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -above O -basic O -ethers O -exhibited O -beta O -- O -blocking O -activity O -, O -but O -the O -potency O -of O -the O -tested O -compounds O -was O -considerably O -less O -than O -that O -of O -propanolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1 O -- O -( O -3 O -- O -( O -Phenothiazin O -- O -10 O -- O -yl O -) O -propyl O -) O -- O -4 O -- O -piperidinyl O -) O -phenylmethanones O -, O -a O -novel O -class O -of O -long O -- O -acting O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -short O -series O -of O -[ O -1 O -- O -[ O -3 O -- O -( O -phenothiazin O -- O -10 O -- O -yl O -) O -propyl O -] O -- O -4 O -- O -piperidinyl O -] O -phenylmethanones O -was O -prepared O -and O -tested O -for O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -activity O -using O -the O -blockade O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -lethality O -in O -aggregated O -mice O -and O -suppression O -of O -conditioned O -avoidance O -behavior O -as O -the O -end O -points O -. O - -aps B-category -L O -- O -Cysteine O -was O -converted O -in O -known O -steps O -to O -N O -- O -carboxy O -- O -3 O -- O -( O -sulfonylchloro O -) O -- B-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -dibenzyl O -ester O -( O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -1 O -with O -2 O -- O -chloroethylamine O -and O -deblocking O -with O -H2 O -- O -Pd O -gave O -3 O -- O -[ O -( O -2 O -- O -chloroethyl O -) O -sulfamoyl O -] O -- B-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -( O -3b O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -correlations O -between O -MAO O -inhibition O -in O -vivo O -and O -potentiation O -of O -the O -syndromes O -produced O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -and O -tryptamine O -and O -antagonism O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -sedation O -were O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -these O -compounds O -have O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -response O -on O -guinea O -pig O -auricles O -and O -no O -significant O -local O -anesthetic O -and O -antiarrhythmic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -, O -3 O -- O -Diphenylcyclobutylamine O -( O -4 O -) O -, O -N O -- O -methyl O -- O -3 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphenylcyclobutylamine O -( O -6 O -) O -, O -and O -N O -, O -N O -- O -dimethyl O -- O -3 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphenyl O -- O -cyclobutylamine O -( O -7 O -) O -have O -been O -prepared O -and O -tested O -as O -potential O -antidepressant B-Chemical -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -potent O -compound O -in O -this O -respect O -is O -the O -tertiary O -amine B-Chemical -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -pimozide O -or O -reserpine B-Chemical -reduces O -the O -hyperactivity O -induced O -by O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -7 O -may O -cause O -increase O -in O -locomotion O -by O -release O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -from O -granular O -stores O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -control O -of O -co O -- O -operativity O -in O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -binding O -of O -Panulirus O -interruptus O -hemocyanin O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -optimal O -conditions O -were O -as O -follows O -: O -40 O -mM O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -5 O -mM O -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -40 O -mM O -Tris O -- O -hydrochloride O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -) O -, O -5 O -mM O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -and O -30 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -reaction O -required O -four O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphates O -. O - -aps B-category -Currently O -, O -8 O -% O -of O -all O -cases O -of O -acute O -otitis O -media O -in O -the O -Washington O -, O -DC O -, O -area O -are O -due O -to O -H O -influenzae O -resistant O -to O -ampicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -six O -of O -these O -31 O -cases O -had O -failed O -to O -have O -H O -influenzae O -eradicated O -by O -an O -average O -of O -ten O -days O -of O -oral O -ampicillin B-Chemical -in O -recommended O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -cyanide O -to O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -resulted O -in O -innhibition O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -P O -- O -450 O -reductase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Impaired O -maturation O -of O -pre O -- O -synaptic O -cholinergic O -nerve O -terminals O -in O -the O -superior O -cervical O -ganglia O -after O -administration O -of O -guanethidine B-Chemical -and O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -a O -growth O -retardation O -of O -ganglion O -neurons O -as O -well O -as O -adrenal O -chromaffin O -cells O -reflected O -by O -the O -lower O -levels O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -than O -those O -in O -untreated O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacologic O -analysis O -of O -chronotropic O -and O -inotropic O -responses O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -in O -the O -dog O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -clinical O -point O -of O -view O -the O -effects O -of O -tranquilizers O -are O -more O -unspecific O -as O -compared O -to O -those O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -and O -antidepressant B-Chemical -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -resultant O -water O -was O -saturated O -with O -salts O -and O -decontaminated O -by O -ionic O -silver B-Chemical -at O -a O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -l O -. O - -aps B-category -Energized O -cells O -of O -Streptococcus O -lactis O -conserve O -and O -transduce O -energy O -at O -the O -plasma O -membrane O -in O -the O -form O -of O -an O -electrochemical O -gradient O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -( O -deltap O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -deltap O -values O -decreased O -in O -cells O -fermenting O -glucose B-Chemical -at O -pH O -5 O -or O -pH O -7 O -when O -NaCl B-Chemical -was O -added O -, O -while O -the O -deltapH O -values O -were O -unaffected O -; O -cells O -fermenting O -arginine O -at O -pH O -7 O -showed O -similar O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -inhibitors O -and O -uncouplers O -on O -the O -osmotic O -shock O -- O -sensitive O -transport O -systems O -for O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -galactose B-Chemical -( O -by O -the O -beta O -- O -methyl O -galactoside O -permease O -) O -was O -compared O -to O -their O -effect O -on O -the O -osmotic O -shock O -- O -resistant O -proline O -and O -galactose B-Chemical -permease O -systems O -in O -cytochrome O -- O -deficient O -cells O -of O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -SASY28 O -. O - -aps B-category -Pilot O -open O -- O -label O -study O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -insomnia O -following O -alcohol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -inhibition O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -in O -vivo O -after O -sub O -- O -acute O -pyrazole O -treatment O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -( O -50 O -- O -200 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -was O -unable O -to O -restore O -brain O -or O -heart O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -levels O -in O -pyrazole O -pre O -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -dopamine B-Chemical -levels O -were O -relatively O -higher O -in O -pyrazole O -pre O -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -from O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -was O -unimpaired O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -inhibition O -could O -not O -be O -obtained O -by O -addition O -of O -pyrazole O -to O -samples O -of O -purified O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Significantly O -higher O -levels O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -serum O -and O -urine O -together O -with O -increased O -urine O -volume O -and O -pH O -were O -observed O -in O -rats O -after O -portacaval O -end O -- O -to O -- O -side O -anastomosis O -in O -comparison O -to O -sham O -- O -operated O -and O -non O -- O -operated O -pair O -- O -fed O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Adaptation O -of O -enzyme O -activities O -of O -other O -metabolic O -pathways O -of O -the O -liver O -after O -PCA O -due O -to O -diminished O -blood O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -supply O -were O -described O -in O -previous O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -obtain O -membranes O -of O -varying O -fluidity O -, O -rats O -were O -fed O -diets O -that O -were O -either O -fat O -- O -free O -or O -supplemented O -with O -15 O -% O -safflower O -oil O -, O -and O -two O -properties O -associated O -with O -aorta O -and O -liver O -microsomal O -membranes O -were O -selected O -for O -study O -: O -stearyl O -CoA O -desaturase O -activity O -, O -and O -fluidity O -as O -monitored O -by O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -and O -microviscosity O -( O -measured O -by O -fluorescence O -depolarization O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnesium B-Chemical -and O -cytotoxic O -effects O -of O -asbestos O -fibers O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -mucins O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -H O -+ O -ion O -and O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -as O -transmitter O -of O -hippocampal O -perforant O -path O -. O - -aps B-category -D O -- O -alpha O -- O -Aminoadipate O -as O -a O -selective O -antagonist O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -and O -synaptic O -excitation O -of O -mammalian O -spinal O -neurones O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -inotropic O -and O -chronotropic O -activity O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonists O -was O -studied O -in O -the O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -depleted I-Chemical -, O -anaesthetized O -cat O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -evidence O -on O -the O -role O -of O -the O -hypothalamic O -afferents O -on O -the O -estrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -prolactin O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -animals O -with O -ME O -lesions O -estrogen B-Chemical -enhanced O -both O -morning O -and O -afternoon O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -estrogen B-Chemical -effects O -on O -Prl O -secretion O -are O -in O -part O -mediated O -by O -frontal O -neural O -afferents O -to O -the O -hypothalamus O -. O - -aps B-category -Facilitation O -of O -Sidman O -avoidance O -performance O -by O -p O -- O -chloroamphetamine O -: O -role O -of O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -pentoxifylline B-Chemical -and O -theophylline B-Chemical -on O -neurotransmitter O -uptake O -and O -release O -by O -synaptosome O -- O -rich O -homogenates O -of O -the O -rat O -hypothalamus O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -determine O -if O -a O -peripheral O -measure O -of O -receptor O -sensitivity O -could O -predict O -central O -mood O -effects O -of O -stimulants O -, O -the O -plasma O -cyclic O -- O -AMP O -response O -and O -the O -mood O -response O -to O -intravenous O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -were O -determined O -simultaneously O -in O -13 O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -topical O -instillations O -of O -carbachol B-Chemical -3 O -% O -, O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -2 O -% O -, O -aceclidine O -2 O -% O -, O -aceclidine O -2 O -% O -- B-Chemical -adrenaline I-Chemical -1 O -% O -, O -and O -of O -the O -Ocusert O -delivery O -system O -was O -determined O -and O -compared O -in O -151 O -eyes O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbachol B-Chemical -and O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -may O -cause O -an O -important O -forward O -displacement O -of O -the O -lens O -with O -the O -risk O -of O -an O -angle O -- O -closure O -glaucoma O -in O -an O -eye O -with O -shallow O -anterior O -chamber O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -part O -of O -the O -radioactivity O -due O -to O -cAMP B-Chemical -stimulation O -was O -low O -and O -seems O -constant O -with O -the O -incubation O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Milk O -samples O -from O -100 O -lactating O -mothers O -in O -the O -10 O -days O -following O -delivery O -have O -been O -analyzed O -for O -pH O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -downward O -trend O -was O -shown O -for O -potassium B-Chemical -with O -an O -initial O -mean O -concentration O -of O -18 O -. O -5 O -mmol O -/ O -liter O -falling O -to O -15 O -mmol O -/ O -liter O -by O -the O -10th O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -possible O -role O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylcholinesterase I-Chemical -system O -in O -the O -response O -of O -ventral O -medullary O -neurons O -to O -H O -+ O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -damaging O -effect O -of O -DbcAMP O -on O -pancreatic O -acinar O -cells O -is O -ruled O -out O -on O -histological O -and O -biochemical O -grounds O -: O -there O -is O -no O -significant O -leakage O -of O -LDH O -; O -protein O -synthesis O -, O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -uptake O -are O -unaltered O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -basic O -indication O -for O -piribedil O -lies O -in O -forms O -of O -recent O -onset O -in O -which O -tremor O -predominates O -, O -patients O -in O -whom O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -is O -contraindicated O -and O -a O -certain O -number O -in O -whom O -the O -latter O -has O -failed O -( O -tremor O -, O -fluctuating O -action O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -SPC O -- O -- O -703 O -, O -tolbutamide O -, O -glibornuride O -and O -glipizide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absolute O -threshold O -values O -in O -morphine B-Chemical -treated O -animals O -with O -the O -above O -lesion O -were O -lower O -than O -in O -sham O -- O -operated O -controls O -, O -however O -, O -the O -thresholds O -expressed O -as O -percentage O -of O -predrug O -threshold O -values O -did O -not O -differ O -in O -both O -lesioned O -and O -sham O -- O -operated O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -products O -of O -acid O -hydrolysis O -of O -sulfadimidine O -( O -SDMP O -) O -were O -isolated O -and O -identified O -: O -sulfanilic O -acid O -( O -Sac O -) O -, O -sulfanilamide O -( O -SA O -) O -, O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -, O -6 O -- O -dimethylprimidine O -( O -ADMP O -) O -and O -2 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -4 O -, O -6 O -- O -dimethylpyrimidine O -( O -HDMP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -resolution O -of O -neuronal O -assemblies O -after O -cobalt B-Chemical -injection O -into O -neuropil O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -of O -complexing O -tendency O -of O -the O -water O -- O -soluble O -polymer O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -400 I-Chemical -( O -PEG B-Chemical -400 I-Chemical -) O -and O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -was O -supported O -by O -the O -equilibrium O -dialysis O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effects O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -on O -cholinesterase O -activity O -of O -rat O -blood O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -, O -trihexyphenidyl B-Chemical -HCl O -, O -benztropine B-Chemical -mesylate O -, O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -HCl O -and O -ethopropazine B-Chemical -HCl O -on O -gastric O -emptying O -and O -intestinal O -transit O -of O -a O -phenol B-Chemical -red O -solution O -in O -the O -rat O -was O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Single O -and O -multiple O -oral O -dose O -( O -0 O -. O -6 O -- O -- O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -studies O -with O -trihexyphenidyl B-Chemical -failed O -to O -produce O -any O -significant O -decreases O -in O -gastric O -emptying O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -on O -gastric O -emptying O -and O -intestinal O -transit O -were O -seen O -after O -single O -and O -multiple O -oral O -doses O -of O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -and O -ethopropazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -both O -drugs O -, O -after O -intramuscular O -injection O -in O -doses O -between O -5 O -- O -- O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -produced O -a O -long O -- O -lasting O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -effect O -, O -in O -particular O -the O -inhibition O -of O -conditioned O -reflexes O -in O -rats O -, O -the O -antagonistic O -effect O -against O -apomorphine B-Chemical -vomiting O -in O -dogs O -and O -the O -EEG O -- O -brain O -activity O -specific O -for O -neuroleptica O -. O - -aps B-category -Does O -dopamine B-Chemical -play O -a O -role O -in O -schizophrenia O -? O - -aps B-category -Dopaminergic O -hyperfunction O -, O -induced O -by O -amphetamines B-Chemical -or O -dopa O -, O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -disturbance O -mimicking O -paranoid O -schizophrenia O -, O -lending O -further O -support O -for O -a O -key O -role O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -mental O -functions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -involvement O -of O -other O -amine B-Chemical -, O -aminoacid O -or O -peptide O -transmitters O -in O -schizophrenia O -cannot O -be O -disregarded O -. O - -aps B-category -Agents O -acting O -on O -central O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Flunitrazepam B-Chemical -in O -anesthesia O -of O -the O -anterior O -chamber O -of O -the O -eye O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Cardiorespiratory O -effects O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -slow O -rate O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -transport O -by O -cardiac O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -vesicles O -, O -compared O -to O -those O -prepared O -from O -skeletal O -muscle O -, O -is O -due O -mainly O -to O -a O -lesser O -density O -of O -transport O -sites O -and O -a O -lower O -Ca2 O -+ O -affinity O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -permeability O -of O -skeletal O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -vesicles O -is O -increased O -when O -the O -Ca2 O -+ O -concentration O -outside O -the O -vesicles O -is O -increased O -, O -or O -when O -that O -inside O -the O -vesicle O -is O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -Salt O -extraction O -of O -homogenates O -, O -rather O -than O -of O -washed O -particles O -, O -was O -found O -to O -preserve O -the O -activities O -of O -adenylate O -cyclase O -and O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -( O -Na O -+ O -, O -- O -K O -+ O -) O -- O -ATPase O -in O -the O -isolated O -sarcolemmal O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -nucleotide B-Chemical -phosphodiesterases O -of O -sarcolemma O -, O -both O -cAMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -cGMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -, O -displayed O -positive O -cooperativity O -of O -substrate O -interactions O -; O -Ca2 O -+ O -ions O -were O -found O -to O -increase O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -GMP O -- O -dependent O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -performance O -and O -metabolism O -of O -heart O -- O -lung O -preparation O -of O -rat O -were O -studied O -with O -acid O -, O -normal O -, O -and O -alkali B-Chemical -perfusions O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -findings O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -cardiac O -performance O -and O -carbohydrate O -metabolism O -are O -accelerated O -in O -alkali B-Chemical -and O -depressed O -in O -acid O -perfusion O -, O -and O -that O -myocardial O -metabolism O -could O -be O -affected O -by O -pH O -not O -only O -secondary O -to O -the O -change O -of O -performance O -but O -also O -by O -itself O -. O - -aps B-category -Myocardial O -blood O -flow O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -are O -decreased O -accordingly O -without O -evidence O -of O -myocardial O -tissue O -hypoxia O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -ion O -in O -cardiac O -contractility O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -nonischemic O -respiratory O -acidosis O -, O -the O -rate O -of O -ATP O -production O -is O -well O -balanced O -by O -the O -rate O -of O -ATP O -utilization O -, O -and O -tissue O -ATP O -and O -creatine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -levels O -remain O -approximately O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -demonstration O -of O -the O -existence O -of O -sharp O -zones O -of O -high O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -fluorescence O -adjacent O -to O -normal O -zones O -indicates O -a O -great O -heterogeneity O -of O -coronary O -perfusion O -and O -the O -existence O -of O -steep O -oxygen B-Chemical -gradients O -in O -the O -intact O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Iron B-Chemical -and O -microbial O -infections O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Besides O -their O -well O -- O -known O -actions O -, O -glucagon O -, O -ACTH B-Chemical -, O -pentagastrin O -and O -insulin O -from O -the O -APUD O -series O -exert O -a O -direct O -action O -on O -the O -bone O -calcium B-Chemical -content O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucagon O -, O -resembling O -calcitonin B-Chemical -, O -stimulates O -the O -45Ca O -uptake O -from O -the O -incubation O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Enamel O -microhardness O -and O -fluoride B-Chemical -uptake O -underneath O -fermenting O -and O -non O -- O -fermenting O -artificial O -plaque O -. O - -aps B-category -Enamel O -under O -a O -fermenting O -" O -plaque O -" O -took O -up O -significantly O -more O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -0u O -) O -fluoride B-Chemical -than O -enamel O -under O -a O -non O -- O -fermenting O -" O -plaque O -" O -( O -initial O -F O -- O -in O -buffer O -: O -10 O -parts O -/ O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -fermenting O -" O -plaques O -/ O -, O -the O -pH O -decreased O -significantly O -more O -without O -flouride O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -than O -with O -fluoride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diffusion O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -through O -the O -fermenting O -artificial O -plaque O -was O -more O -rapid O -than O -through O -a O -non O -- O -fermenting O -plaque O -. O - -aps B-category -PH O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -and O -zinc B-Chemical -on O -protein O -and O -collagen O -biosynthesis O -in O -rabbit O -dental O -pulp O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicated O -that O -the O -uptake O -of O -14C O -- O -proline O -into O -the O -TCA O -- O -soluble O -pool O -was O -the O -pH O -- O -sensitive O -step O -, O -whereas O -the O -incorporation O -into O -protein O -, O -formation O -of O -hydroxyproline B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -release O -of O -labeled O -macromolecules O -into O -the O -medium O -were O -not O -affected O -to O -any O -measurable O -degree O -by O -the O -ambient O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -and O -fluoride B-Chemical -on O -the O -release O -of O -labeled O -total O -protein O -and O -collagen O -into O -the O -incubation O -medium O -was O -not O -affected O -when O -the O -pH O -was O -lowered O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -three O -cements O -exhibited O -a O -cytotoxic O -effect O -, O -which O -was O -most O -pronounced O -in O -the O -cultures O -with O -zinc B-Chemical -silicophosphate O -cement O -and O -polycarboxylate O -cement O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rapid O -release O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -found O -in O -cultures O -with O -zinc B-Chemical -silicophosphate O -cement O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -corpus O -- O -fundus O -only O -beta1 O -- O -receptors O -were O -found O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -outlet O -region O -where O -the O -beta O -- O -receptors O -had O -both O -beta1 O -- O -and O -beta2 O -- O -characteristics O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -and O -apomorphine B-Chemical -produced O -concentration O -- O -dependent O -inhibition O -of O -adrenergic O -neurotransmission O -in O -the O -isolated O -, O -perfused O -, O -rabbit O -ear O -artery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -calculated O -affinities O -of O -these O -drugs O -for O -the O -dopaminergic O -receptor O -correlate O -closely O -with O -both O -the O -pharmacological O -potencies O -of O -these O -drugs O -in O -vivo O -and O -their O -reported O -potencies O -as O -inhibitors O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -haloperidol B-Chemical -binding O -to O -" O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -" O -in O -brain O -homogenates O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -advances O -in O -alcohol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -states O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -epinephrine I-Chemical -( O -4X10 O -( O -- O -10 O -) O -mole O -) O -, O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norepinephrine I-Chemical -( O -1X10 O -( O -- O -9 O -) O -mole O -) O -and O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isoproterenol I-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -6X10 O -( O -- O -10 O -) O -mole O -) O -in O -5 O -microliter O -of O -isotonic O -saline O -transiently O -accerlerated O -the O -mean O -heart O -rate O -by O -almost O -9 O -percent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -positive O -chronotropic O -effect O -of O -the O -catecholamines B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -highly O -significant O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -0005 O -) O -as O -computed O -by O -Student O -' O -s O -t O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Flunitrazepam B-Chemical -( O -Rohypnol O -, O -Roche O -) O -- O -- O -a O -potential O -new O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -sleeping O -pill O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -to O -six O -days O -later O -, O -secretion O -from O -the O -inflamed O -glands O -was O -obtained O -by O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -stimulation O -and O -the O -concentrations O -of O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -, O -sulphamethoxazole O -, O -erythromycin B-Chemical -, O -doxycycline O -and O -ampicillin B-Chemical -were O -measured O -during O -constant O -infusion O -of O -these O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Ammonia B-Chemical -, O -urea B-Chemical -, O -and O -total O -nitrogen B-Chemical -were O -determined O -in O -the O -samples O -of O -perfusate O -, O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -and O -pH O -were O -determined O -in O -the O -rumen O -content O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -level O -of O -urea B-Chemical -in O -the O -perfusate O -decreased O -only O -in O -the O -first O -phase O -of O -perfusion O -( O -before O -the O -application O -of O -casein O -hydrolyzate O -to O -the O -rumen O -) O -and O -remained O -unchanged O -in O -the O -subsequent O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -first O -phase O -of O -perfusion O -the O -passage O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -from O -the O -blood O -into O -the O -rumen O -took O -place O -, O -in O -the O -second O -phase O -its O -absorption O -from O -the O -rumen O -into O -the O -blood O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -follows O -from O -the O -results O -that O -a O -major O -part O -of O -endogenous O -nitrogen B-Chemical -passing O -from O -perfusate O -to O -the O -rumen O -was O -represented O -by O -proteins O -and O -/ O -or O -their O -peptidic O -splits O -. O - -aps B-category -Dependence O -of O -the O -HCO O -- O -- O -3 O -- O -stimulated O -ATPase O -activity O -from O -nuclei O -and O -mitochondria O -of O -rat O -ovary O -ascites O -tumor O -cells O -on O -pH O -and O -concentration O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -ions O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Cytoplasmic O -( O -c O -) O -and O -mitochondrial O -( O -m O -) O -isoenzymes O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -AAT O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -as O -contrary O -to O -obsidane O -which O -decreased O -the O -activity O -of O -both O -isoenzyme O -, O -activated O -the O -isoenzymes O -; O -the O -effect O -was O -partially O -decreased O -by O -obsidane O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -of O -the O -experiments O -with O -administration O -of O -adrenomimetic O -drugs O -suggested O -that O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isadrine I-Chemical -had O -different O -sites O -of O -attachment O -through O -which O -they O -mediated O -their O -action O -on O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -rat O -heart O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Depression O -of O -rat O -liver O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -- O -carboxylase O -activity O -by O -salicylate B-Chemical -and O -other O -compounds O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Salicylate B-Chemical -in O -concentrations O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -and O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -M O -inhibited O -the O -enzyme O -from O -rat O -liver O -soluble O -fraction O -by O -25 O -% O -and O -80 O -% O -, O -respectively O -, O -in O -vitro O -: O -it O -was O -found O -to O -be O -as O -effective O -inhibitor O -as O -kynurenate O -and O -clofibrate O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -- O -phenyl O -- O -3 O -- O -methyl O -- O -hydroxypentanic O -and O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphenyl O -- O -3 O -- O -hydroxypentanic O -acids O -( O -derivatives O -of O -deoxymevalonic O -acid O -) O -demonstrated O -the O -strong O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -- O -carboxylase O -, O -comparable O -to O -the O -action O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -mechanisms O -of O -the O -salicylate B-Chemical -effect O -on O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Acitivity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ketoglutarate I-Chemical -transaminase O -and O -induction O -of O -the O -enzyme O -by O -hydro O -cortisone O -were O -studied O -in O -rat O -liver O -tissue O -after O -partial O -hepatectomy O -and O -intoxication O -with O -CCl4 B-Chemical -Administration O -of O -the O -hormone O -increased O -the O -enzymatic O -activity O -within O -72 O -hrs O -after O -treatment O -with O -CCl4 B-Chemical -but O -did O -not O -affect O -its O -value O -within O -8 O -and O -24 O -hrs O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Long O -- O -term O -treatment O -with O -the O -new O -antiarrhythmic O -drug O -propafenone B-Chemical -in O -correlation O -to O -plasma O -levels O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -that O -the O -clinically O -most O -important O -parameters O -for O -monitoring O -an O -antiarrhythmic O -regimen O -of O -propafenone B-Chemical -are O -the O -patients O -' O -s O -own O -history O -and O -Ecg O -- O -examination O -noting O -the O -PQ O -interval O -and O -particularly O -the O -width O -of O -the O -QRS O -- O -complex O -and O -long O -- O -term O -monitoring O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -miracidial O -speed O -was O -recorded O -for O -miracidia O -in O -solutions O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -No O -changes O -in O -miracidial O -movements O -were O -recorded O -for O -miracidia O -immersed O -in O -aqueous O -solutions O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -sugars O -or O -of O -molluscan O -nitrogenous O -excretion O -products O -other O -than O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Maritta O -) O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -, O -heat O -treatment O -, O -chromatography O -on O -CM O -- O -cellulose O -and O -preparative O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Aqueous O -chloride B-Chemical -and O -bromine O -solutions O -as O -disinfectants O -: O -composition O -, O -redox O -potential O -, O -differences O -of O -reactivity O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heat O -production O -of O -red O -cells O -at O -various O -metabolic O -conditions O -was O -measured O -on O -a O -flow O -microcalorimeter O -with O -simultaneous O -analyses O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -other O -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -level O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -reaches O -a O -pH O -dependent O -steady O -state O -after O -about O -18 O -h O -. O -The O -share O -of O -the O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -bypass O -in O -the O -steady O -state O -decreases O -from O -24 O -% O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -to O -12 O -% O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Influence O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -on O -the O -content O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -( O -bisdihydroglycerophosphate O -) O -in O -preserved O -erythrocytes O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -the O -resuspensions O -simultaneously O -were O -added O -xylitol O -and O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -results O -and O -from O -literature O -data O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -is O -fixed O -to O -metabolites O -of O -the O -pentose O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -blood O -pressure O -of O -the O -anhepatic O -preparation O -decreased O -gradually O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -that O -of O -the O -devascularized O -preparation O -remained O -stable O -during O -most O -of O -the O -experimental O -period O -with O -a O -terminal O -steep O -decrease O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -use O -of O -AH8165 O -( O -Fazadinium B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -clinical O -study O -on O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -practolol O -and O -atenolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rapid O -procedure O -for O -the O -measurement O -of O -serum O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -D O -) O -, O -N O -- O -desmethyldiazepam O -( O -ND O -) O -, O -and O -N O -- O -desalkylflurazepam O -( O -NF O -) O -, O -levels O -in O -clinical O -samples O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -the O -present O -work O -was O -to O -explain O -the O -mechanism O -of O -the O -stimulating O -effect O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -on O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -ACh O -) O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Practolol O -and O -phentolamine B-Chemical -decrease O -the O -spontaneous O -synthesis O -of O -ACh O -in O -concentration O -several O -times O -lower O -than O -that O -inhibiting O -the O -ACh O -synthesis O -stimulated O -by O -adrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -NA O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -activates O -ACh O -synthesis O -in O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -medium O -, O -which O -inhibits O -activating O -effect O -of O -NA O -on O -adenyl O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -experiments O -were O -performed O -on O -male O -rats O -, O -drinking O -2 O -% O -NaCl B-Chemical -solution O -ad O -libitum O -for O -12 O -days O -instead O -of O -tap O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -Substance B-Chemical -P I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -peptides O -and O -vasopressin B-Chemical -activities O -were O -assayed O -by O -the O -biological O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -conditions O -of O -unexcitability O -of O -the O -osmosensitive O -cells O -, O -triggering O -vasopressin B-Chemical -release O -, O -the O -injection O -of O -hypertonic O -solution O -into O -the O -internal O -carotid O -artery O -stimulated O -the O -Substance B-Chemical -P I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -peptides O -release O -from O -the O -posterior O -pituitary O -lobe O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diaphragm O -muscle O -( O -the O -red O -muscle O -) O -and O -m O -. O -obliquus O -externus O -abdominis O -( O -the O -white O -muscle O -) O -were O -incubated O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -and O -6 O -. O -8 O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -different O -concentrations O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -lactate B-Chemical -( O -0 O -, O -5 O -, O -10 O -and O -30 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -lactate B-Chemical -in O -a O -concentration O -of O -30 O -mM O -decreased O -significantly O -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -the O -white O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Acidosis O -affected O -in O -smaller O -degree O -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -the O -red O -muscle O -than O -by O -the O -white O -one O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -hormonal O -system O -and O -the O -monoamines B-Chemical -of O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Omitting O -glucose B-Chemical -from O -the O -incubation O -medium O -caused O -a O -slight O -enhancement O -of O -pH O -- O -induced O -inhibition O -of O -lipolysis O -( O -from O -60 O -to O -70 O -% O -, O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -tricyclics O -, O -doxepine O -, O -lithium B-Chemical -, O -etc O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -, O -piracetam O -, O -and O -, O -particularly O -, O -N O -- O -dipropylacetic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Repeated O -doses O -of O -5 O -mg O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -, O -15 O -mg O -flurazepam B-Chemical -, O -and O -1 O -mg O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -improved O -subjective O -assessments O -of O -the O -ease O -of O -getting O -to O -sleep O -and O -the O -perceived O -quality O -of O -induced O -sleep O -in O -a O -population O -of O -30 O -healthy O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -clomiphene B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -administraiton O -on O -the O -hypothalamo O -- O -pituitary O -- O -gonadal O -axis O -of O -male O -chronic O -schizophrenics O -. O - -aps B-category -Clomiphene B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -was O -given O -orally O -at O -a O -daily O -dose O -of O -150 O -mg O -, O -divided O -into O -three O -doses O -, O -for O -8 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Schizophrenics O -showed O -normal O -increase O -of O -FSH O -levels O -during O -the O -clomiphene B-Chemical -administration O -, O -while O -LH O -and O -testosterone B-Chemical -responses O -were O -blunted O -. O - -aps B-category -Proline O -, O -arginine O -, O -cysteine B-Chemical -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -were O -not O -detected O -in O -the O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -) O -Zymogens O -have O -so O -far O -only O -been O -found O -for O -extracellular O -aspartate B-Chemical -proteinases O -of O -the O -vertebrates O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -in O -vitro O -method O -for O -predicting O -the O -bioavailability O -of O -iron B-Chemical -from O -foods O -. O - -aps B-category -Ionizable O -iron B-Chemical -was O -determined O -in O -the O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -filterate O -by O -the O -alpha O -, O -alpha O -- O -dipyridyl O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Ionizable O -iron B-Chemical -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -was O -shown O -to O -increase O -in O -presence O -of O -ascorbic O -acid O -and O -meat O -extract O -while O -it O -decreased O -in O -presence O -of O -phytate O -and O -tannins O -, O -similar O -to O -the O -effects O -of O -these O -factors O -on O -iron B-Chemical -absorption O -in O -human O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Neutralization O -of O -the O -gastric O -contents O -with O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -in O -the O -pentagastrin O -studies O -did O -not O -alter O -gastric O -emptying O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -with O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -tablets O -were O -terminated O -because O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -dissolution O -medium O -had O -no O -effect O -of O -practical O -significance O -on O -dissolution O -or O -dialysis O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -effects O -of O -constant O -hypertonic O -glucose B-Chemical -infusion O -in O -well O -- O -oxygenated O -fetuses O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -appeared O -that O -a O -constant O -hypertonic O -glucose B-Chemical -infusion O -did O -not O -significantly O -affect O -the O -fetal O -blood O -gases O -, O -pH O -, O -and O -plasma O -lactate B-Chemical -levels O -when O -fetal O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -kept O -below O -150 O -mg O -. O -per O -100 O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -there O -was O -no O -decrease O -in O -fetal O -PO2 O -and O -pco2 O -until O -fetal O -glucose B-Chemical -reached O -values O -over O -300 O -mg O -. O -per O -100 O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Peptide O -hydrolase O -activities O -against O -glycyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -and O -glycylglycine O -were O -investigated O -in O -the O -soluble O -fractions O -of O -blood O -, O -liver O -, O -kidney O -cortex O -, O -skeletal O -muscle O -( O -gastrocnemius O -) O -, O -and O -jejunal O -and O -ileal O -mucosa O -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -metabolism O -by O -deoxygenation O -, O -deoxy B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -, O -or O -depletion O -of O -metabolic O -substrate O -caused O -large O -decreases O -in O -JH O -and O -LH O -with O -reduction O -in O -PMF O -' O -of O -less O -than O -14 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -renal O -and O -respiratory O -systems O -regulate O -acid O -base O -homeostasis O -by O -modifying O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -buffer O -pair O -HCO3 O -- O -and O -CO2 O -; O -other O -buffer O -systems O -adjust O -to O -alterations O -in O -this O -pair O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -studied O -the O -effects O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -, O -trazodone B-Chemical -and O -sulpiride B-Chemical -on O -recovery O -reactions O -following O -ketamine B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -, O -in O -male O -patients O -aged O -between O -15 O -and O -25 O -years O -, O -following O -minor O -orthopaedic O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -nevertheless O -feel O -that O -trazodone B-Chemical -is O -preferable O -to O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -since O -it O -reduces O -all O -recovery O -reactions O -and O -, O -in O -particular O -, O -because O -it O -reduces O -the O -agitation O -induced O -by O -ketamine B-Chemical -, O -rendering O -the O -pseudo O -- O -hallucinations O -pleasant O -, O -and O -because O -it O -is O -free O -of O -the O -hypnotic O -component O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -, O -often O -inconstant O -and O -sometimes O -responsible O -for O -the O -patient O -swallowing O -his O -tongue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -well O -known O -effects O -of O -the O -lowering O -of O -the O -intraerythrocyte O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -diphosphoglycerate O -( O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -DPG O -) O -level O -and O -hypothermia O -, O -on O -the O -affinity O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -for O -hemoglobin O -, O -lead B-Chemical -the O -authors O -to O -study O -the O -influence O -of O -these O -parameters O -on O -this O -affinity O -during O -general O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -factors O -may O -influence O -the O -degree O -of O -haemorrhage O -: O -the O -operative O -indication O -, O -the O -time O -of O -the O -operation O -and O -the O -administration O -of O -Calcium B-Chemical -heparinate O -are O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -large O -doses O -of O -morphinomimetics O -on O -the O -cerebral O -circulation O -were O -studied O -in O -12 O -normal O -subjects O -( O -fentanyl B-Chemical -16 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -in O -6 O -patients O -and O -fentathienyl O -1 O -. O -9 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -in O -6 O -others O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Whilst O -there O -was O -no O -variation O -in O -mean O -flow O -rates O -under O -the O -influence O -of O -morphinomimetics O -, O -individual O -behaviour O -was O -very O -variable O -, O -in O -particular O -in O -the O -case O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -, O -the O -changes O -produced O -by O -fentathienyl O -being O -much O -more O -homogeneous O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -one O -subject O -, O -fentanyl B-Chemical -produced O -a O -very O -marked O -increase O -in O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -( O -+ O -104 O -p O -. O -100 O -) O -for O -which O -no O -explanation O -could O -be O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -47 O -cases O -of O -gas O -gangrene O -collected O -over O -the O -three O -year O -period O -between O -1974 O -and O -1976 O -, O -the O -authors O -review O -the O -circumstances O -surrounding O -its O -development O -, O -the O -clinical O -features O -and O -the O -prognosis O -of O -the O -disorder O -which O -remains O -grave O -despite O -a O -well O -- O -defined O -therapeutic O -protocol O -combining O -surgery O -, O -antibiotics O -and O -hyperbaric O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -great O -rarity O -of O -pulmonary O -embolism O -is O -related O -to O -routine O -postoperative O -preventive O -heparin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -active O -principle O -of O -thiamine B-Chemical -, O -TPP O -or O -cocarboxylase O -, O -is O -involved O -as O -a O -coenzyme O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -and O -of O -alphaketoglutarate O -decarboxylase O -in O -the O -ocidative O -decarboxylation O -reactions O -of O -the O -Krebs O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -showed O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -thiamine B-Chemical -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Postoperative O -nitrogen B-Chemical -balance O -in O -the O -elderly O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -previous O -study O -led O -us O -to O -believe O -that O -the O -use O -of O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aldosterone I-Chemical -treatment O -in O -the O -immediate O -post O -- O -operative O -phase O -of O -abdominal O -surgery O -ensured O -energy O -saving O -in O -nitrogen B-Chemical -balance O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -perfectly O -justified O -fear O -of O -inaction O -and O -passivity O -together O -with O -a O -desire O -for O -rapid O -efficacy O -, O -should O -not O -lead B-Chemical -us O -to O -forget O -that O -in O -geriatrics O -more O -than O -in O -any O -other O -branch O -of O -medicine O -, O -a O -prudent O -attitude O -in O -therapeutics O -is O -most O -likely O -to O -be O -successful O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -corrective O -drugs O -to O -dilate O -are O -readily O -available O -: O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -theophylline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -reminding O -data O -concerning O -the O -part O -played O -by O -the O -as O -a O -rule O -antagonist O -cAMP B-Chemical -system O -in O -moticity O -of O -the O -smooth O -muscle O -fibers O -in O -general O -and O -of O -the O -bronchial O -fibers O -in O -particular O -, O -the O -authors O -study O -the O -different O -types O -of O -interaction O -on O -bronchial O -muscular O -fibers O -which O -have O -been O -discribed O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -CO2 O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -diffusion O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -studied O -changes O -in O -the O -level O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -during O -insertion O -of O -hip O -prostheseis O -fixed O -with O -methyl O -methacrylate O -cement O -. O - -aps B-category -Arguments O -for O -and O -against O -low B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nicotine I-Chemical -cigarettes O -are O -examined O -by O -considering O -evidence O -relevant O -to O -the O -gratification O -of O -smoking B-Chemical -and O -to O -nicotine B-Chemical -as O -an O -addicting O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -bring O -into O -question O -the O -justification O -for O -the O -low B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nicotine I-Chemical -cigarette O -campaign O -. O - -aps B-category -Physico O -- O -chemical O -properties O -of O -the O -enzyme O -covalently O -bound O -to O -the O -2 O -- O -( O -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -' O -- O -methoxyphenyl O -) O -- O -sulfonylethyl O -ester O -of O -cellulose O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -glutaric O -aldehyde B-Chemical -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -the O -role O -of O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -in O -a O -pH O -- O -dependent O -transition O -of O -ferredoxin O -: O -NADP O -oxidoreductase O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -and O -CSF O -acid O -- O -base O -variables O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -concentrations O -, O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -/ O -pyruvate B-Chemical -ratios O -were O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -and O -CSF O -acid O -- O -base O -variables O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -concentrations O -, O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -/ O -pyruvate B-Chemical -ratios O -were O -measured O -between O -3 O -and O -18 O -hours O -after O -convulsive O -episodes O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -perivascular O -edema O -developing O -after O -exposure O -to O -high O -concentrations O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -is O -secondary O -to O -pulmonary O -capillary O -endothelial O -damage O -with O -no O -evidence O -that O -myocardial O -dysfunction O -occurs O -during O -this O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -some O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenergic I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -on O -the O -renal O -bloow O -flow O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -tetraethylammonium O -, O -guanidine O -and O -raised O -[ O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -] O -o O -increased O -mo O -but O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -k O -. O -At O -junctions O -where O -release O -ranged O -from O -200 O -to O -500 O -quanta O -sec O -- O -1 O -during O -steady O -- O -state O -conditions O -, O -this O -result O -was O -interpreted O -to O -mean O -that O -the O -drugs O -increased O -both O -transmitter O -release O -and O -mobilization O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -evidence O -for O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ergic I-Chemical -mechanisms O -in O -the O -action O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -a O -correlation O -between O -the O -effect O -on O -the O -recovery O -cycles O -and O -their O -protective O -action O -against O -convulsions O -induced O -by O -GABA B-Chemical -deficit O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ergic I-Chemical -effect O -seems O -to O -be O -specific O -since O -it O -fails O -to O -modify O -the O -effects O -of O -other O -putative O -neurotransmitters O -( O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -inferred O -that O -the O -main O -effects O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -are O -mediated O -by O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -suggested O -that O -these O -agents O -increase O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -postsynaptic O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ergic I-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -NADPH B-Chemical -stimulated O -trypsin O -inactivation O -of O -membrane O -- O -bound O -component O -to O -a O -greater O -extent O -that O -NADP O -+ O -, O -but O -inactivation O -of O -solubilized O -membrane O -component O -was O -stimulated O -to O -the O -same O -extent O -by O -both O -pyridine O -dinucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -high O -concentration O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -75 O -- O -- O -100 O -mM O -) O -stabilized O -pH O -and O -supported O -extensive O -growth O -of O -Streptomyces O -clavuligerus O -in O -a O -chemically O -defined O -medium O -; O -such O -a O -concentration O -also O -inhibited O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolactin O -responses O -to O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -normal O -and O -schizophrenic O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -prolactin O -increments O -to O -single O -doses O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -and O -prolactin O -decrements O -to O -single O -doses O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -, O -were O -similar O -in O -normal O -and O -schizophrenic O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -subjects O -, O -prolactin O -responses O -were O -graded O -according O -to O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -dose O -, O -but O -the O -upper O -limit O -of O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -response O -curve O -was O -achieved O -at O -doses O -below O -the O -therapeutic O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -Physiological O -basis O -of O -salt B-Chemical -tolerance O -in O -plants O -. O - -aps B-category -Rootstocks O -, O -or O -varieties O -that O -restrict O -the O -uptake O -of O -toxic O -ions O -, O -increase O -the O -salt B-Chemical -tolerance O -of O -some O -susceptible O -fruit O -crops O -. O - -aps B-category -Biosynthesis O -of O -acetyl O -- O -coenzyme O -A O -in O -the O -electric O -organ O -of O -Torpedo O -marmorata O -in O -relation O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Choline O -acetyltransferase O -was O -a O -potent O -source O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -, O -only O -requiring O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -CoA O -, O -and O -was O -much O -more O -efficient O -than O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -synthetase O -for O -concentrations O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -likely O -to O -be O -present O -in O -nerve O -endings O -. O - -aps B-category -Transport O -and O -oxidation O -of O -choline B-Chemical -by O -liver O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -Below O -pH7 O -. O -0 O -, O -P O -( O -i O -) O -alone O -was O -required O -for O -rapid O -choline B-Chemical -oxidation O -and O -swelling O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -therefore O -a O -close O -correlation O -between O -the O -conditions O -required O -for O -rapid O -choline B-Chemical -oxidation O -and O -for O -P O -( O -i O -) O -- O -induced O -swelling O -to O -occur O -, O -suggesting O -that O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -mitochondrial O -swelling O -the O -rate O -of O -choline B-Chemical -oxidation O -is O -regulated O -by O -the O -rate O -of O -choline B-Chemical -transport O -across O -the O -mitochondrial O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -added O -P O -( O -i O -) O -promotes O -the O -Ca O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -- O -dependent O -activation O -of O -mitochondrial O -membrane O -phospholipase O -activity O -in O -respiring O -mitochondria O -, O -causing O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -permeability O -of O -the O -mitochondrial O -inner O -membrane O -to O -choline B-Chemical -and O -therefore O -enabling O -rapid O -choline B-Chemical -oxidation O -to O -occur O -. O - -aps B-category -Choline O -was O -oxidized O -slowly O -by O -tightly O -coupled O -mitochondria O -largely O -depleted O -of O -their O -endogenous O -adenine O -nucleotides O -, O -suggesting O -that O -these O -compounds O -are O -not O -directly O -concerned O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -choline B-Chemical -oxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -Alterations O -in O -nicotinamide O -and O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -systems O -during O -mixed O -- O -function O -oxidation O -of O -p O -- O -nitroanisole O -in O -perfused O -livers O -from O -normal O -and O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -rats O -with O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -increased O -rates O -of O -p O -- O -nitroanisole O -O O -- O -demethylation O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -Perfusion O -of O -livers O -with O -p O -- O -nitroanisole O -produced O -significant O -increases O -in O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -and O -ribulose O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -in O -livers O -from O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -, O -but O -not O -in O -livers O -from O -control O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Additions O -of O -p O -- O -nitroanisole O -produced O -a O -reduction O -of O -NADP O -( O -+ O -) O -as O -calculated O -from O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenase O -activity O -, O -but O -did O -not O -alter O -the O -[ O -NADP O -( O -+ O -) O -] O -/ O -[ O -NADPH B-Chemical -] O -ratio O -calculated O -from O -substrates O -assumed O -to O -be O -in O -equilibrium O -with O -; O -malic O -' O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -NAD O -( O -+ O -) O -became O -more O -reduced O -as O -a O -result O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -treatment O -; O -however O -, O -perfusion O -of O -livers O -with O -p O -- O -nitroanisole O -did O -not O -cause O -a O -change O -in O -the O -oxidation O -- O -reduction O -state O -of O -this O -nucleotide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Perfusion O -of O -livers O -with O -two O -other O -substrates O -for O -mixed O -- O -function O -oxidation O -, O -hexobarbital O -and O -aminopyrine O -, O -produced O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -[ O -NADP O -( O -+ O -) O -] O -/ O -[ O -NADPH B-Chemical -] O -ratio O -calculated O -from O -; O -malic O -' O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dinitrophenol O -( O -25mum O -) O -to O -the O -perfusate O -containing O -aminopyrine O -decreased O -the O -[ O -ATP O -] O -/ O -[ O -ADP O -] O -ratio O -and O -tended O -to O -prevent O -the O -oxidation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -observed O -with O -aminopyrine O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -soluble O -polysaccharides O -and O -a O -soluble O -protein O -containing O -hydroxyproline B-Chemical -were O -secreted O -by O -sycamore O -suspension O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -partly O -inhibited O -by O -anaerobiosis O -or O -sodium B-Chemical -arsenate O -and O -was O -unaffected O -by O -temperature O -changes O -in O -the O -range O -0 O -- O -35 O -degrees O -C O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -insulin O -concentrations O -in O -cold O -- O -adapted O -rats O -were O -altered O -acutely O -by O -administration O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -or O -anti O -- O -insulin O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Rates O -of O -synthesis O -were O -greatly O -elevated O -after O -glucose B-Chemical -administration O -and O -markedly O -decreased O -after O -injection O -with O -anti O -- O -insulin O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -this O -tissue O -is O -an O -important O -site O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -the O -cold O -- O -adapted O -rat O -and O -that O -this O -feature O -of O -the O -tissue O -is O -sensitive O -to O -changes O -in O -plasma O -insulin O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Cognate O -transfer O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -as O -a O -ligand O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -electron O -- O -paramagnetic O -- O -resonance O -) O -spectra O -of O -the O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -azide O -, O -hydroxide O -and O -cyanide O -complexes O -of O -these O -ferric O -leghaemoglobins O -were O -very O -similar O -to O -the O -spectra O -of O -the O -corresponding O -myoglobin O -derivatives O -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -immediate O -environment O -of O -the O -iron B-Chemical -in O -leghaemoglobin O -and O -myoglobin O -is O -similar O -, O -an O -imidazole O -moiety O -of O -histidine O -being O -the O -proximal O -ligand O -to O -the O -haem O -iron B-Chemical -[ O -cf O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -the O -role O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -as O -a O -cofactor O -of O -lysyl O -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Over O -35 O -% O -of O -this O -radioactivity O -appears O -in O -the O -form O -of O -[ O -G O -- O -3H O -] O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -and O -a O -further O -30 O -% O -as O -other O -vitamin O -B O -- O -6 O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Pre O -- O -steady O -- O -state O -kinetic O -studies O -on O -cytoplasmic O -sheep O -liver O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -data O -were O -obtained O -by O -using O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -, O -where O -for O -this O -substrate O -( O -k O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -+ O -k O -( O -+ O -3 O -) O -) O -/ O -k O -( O -+ O -2 O -) O -= O -2 O -. O -3x10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -mol O -. O -litre O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -and O -k O -( O -+ O -3 O -) O -is O -23s O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -Fe O -( O -III O -) O -myoglobin O -fluoride B-Chemical -with O -reducing O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -by O -the O -reduced O -Methyl O -Viologen O -radical O -ion O -and O -reduced O -Safranine O -was O -faster O -than O -the O -rate O -of O -dissociation O -, O -providing O -evidence O -that O -these O -reductants O -can O -donate O -electrons O -to O -the O -iron B-Chemical -centre O -via O -a O -pathway O -involving O -an O -( O -undetectable O -) O -liganded O -Fe O -( O -II O -) O -intermediate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -observations O -showed O -that O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -is O -a O -useful O -tool O -for O -the O -isolation O -and O -elucidation O -of O -the O -activity O -of O -one O -system O -for O -galactose B-Chemical -uptake O -into O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -using O -appropriate O -mutants O -it O -was O -shown O -that O -2 O -- O -deoxygalactose O -is O -a O -much O -better O -substrate O -for O -the O -galactose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -transport I-Chemical -system O -than O -for O -the O -methyl O -galactoside O -- O -transport O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Like O -other O -substrates O -of O -the O -galactose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -transport I-Chemical -system O -, O -2 O -- O -deoxygalactose O -promoted O -effective O -proton O -uptake O -into O -de O -- O -energized O -suspensions O -of O -appropriate O -E O -. O -coli O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -' O -Ghosts O -' O -of O -bovine O -chromaffin O -granules O -, O -in O -which O -the O -complex O -mixture O -of O -proteins O -and O -solutes O -normally O -found O -in O -the O -granule O -matrix O -is O -replaced O -by O -buffered O -sucrose B-Chemical -are O -osmotically O -sensitive O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -alloxan O -on O -islet O -tissue O -permeability O -: O -protection O -and O -reversal O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -requiring O -mutants O -of O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -. O - -aps B-category -Spiperone O -: O -a O -ligand O -of O -choice O -for O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Regional O -distribution O -and O -in O -vivo O -displacement O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Subcellular O -distribution O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -and O -their O -receptors O -in O -various O -rat O -brain O -areas O -. O - -aps B-category -Correspondingly O -, O -[ O -1 O -- O -14C O -] O -- O -acetate O -incorporation O -into O -liver O -cholesterol B-Chemical -was O -clearly O -decreased O -in O -SHR O -as O -compared O -with O -WK O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -cholesterol B-Chemical -was O -rather O -low O -and O -cardiac O -triglyceride B-Chemical -was O -slightly O -increased O -in O -SHR O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -SHR O -have O -an O -abnormality O -in O -lipid O -metabolism O -, O -especially O -in O -cholesterol B-Chemical -synthesis O -, O -but O -the O -pathological O -implication O -of O -this O -in O -hypertension O -and O -related O -vascular O -lesions O -is O -not O -yet O -clear O -. O - -aps B-category -Seventeen O -infants O -under O -one O -year O -of O -age O -admitted O -to O -the O -Emergency O -Service O -of O -the O -General O -Hospital O -of O -the O -Medical O -Center O -La O -Raza O -during O -the O -year O -1976 O -were O -included O -in O -this O -study O -with O -the O -diagnosis O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -poisoning O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -direct O -relationship O -between O -total O -plasmatic O -salicylate B-Chemical -and O -its O -free O -fraction O -was O -found O -together O -with O -an O -inverse O -proportion O -between O -percentage O -of O -total O -free B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salicylate I-Chemical -and O -plasma O -pH O -and O -a O -lineal O -correlation O -between O -plasma O -free B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salicylate I-Chemical -and O -salicylate B-Chemical -obtained O -in O -spinal O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -Blockade O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -changes O -in O -plasma O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -immunoreactive O -insulin O -levels O -and O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -in O -healthy O -human O -subjects O -, O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -practolol O -, O -atenolol B-Chemical -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -acebutolol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bronchodilator O -effects O -of O -500 O -microgram O -rimiterol O -by O -pressurized O -aerosol O -, O -375 O -mg O -oral O -theophylline B-Chemical -and O -both O -drugs O -in O -combination O -were O -compared O -in O -a O -randomized O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -in O -eight O -patients O -with O -chronic O -, O -partially O -reversible O -airways O -obstruction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -, O -peak O -plasma O -theophylline B-Chemical -levels O -were O -10 O -. O -19 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -at O -120 O -min O -and O -9 O -. O -98 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -at O -180 O -min O -with O -TR O -and O -TP O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Additive O -bronchodilatation O -was O -produced O -when O -rimiterol O -was O -administered O -with O -theophylline B-Chemical -at O -a O -time O -when O -therapeutic O -plasma O -theophylline B-Chemical -levels O -were O -achieved O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -two O -metabolites O -and O -oxazepam B-Chemical -were O -excreted O -in O -urine O -and O -, O -within O -the O -24 O -h O -period O -following O -drug O -intake O -, O -accounted O -for O -73 O -% O -of O -the O -ingested O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -In O -a O -third O -study O -of O -similar O -design O -, O -pindolol B-Chemical -0 O -. O -05 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -intravenously O -did O -not O -affect O -exercise O -- O -induced O -increase O -in O -PEFR O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -indomethacin B-Chemical -and O -9alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fludrocortisone I-Chemical -on O -buccal O -mucosal O -potential O -difference O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -Patients O -on O -prolonged O -treatment O -with O -anticonvulsant O -and O -phenothiazine O -drugs O -exhibited O -lower O -than O -normal O -concentrations O -of O -folate B-Chemical -in O -serum O -and O -erythrocytes O -, O -and O -showed O -increased O -urinary O -FIGLU O -excretion O -after O -histidine O -loading O -; O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucaric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -also O -increased O -suggesting O -induction O -of O -the O -hepatic O -microsomal O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Hepatic O -microsomal O -enzyme O -induction O -, O -as O -measured O -by O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucaric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -excretion O -, O -was O -greatest O -after O -2 O -- O -5 O -years O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -The O -dietary O -folate B-Chemical -of O -hospitalized O -patients O -would O -seem O -to O -be O -generally O -inadequate O -for O -patients O -on O -long O -term O -treatment O -with O -enzyme O -- O -inducing O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -denaturation O -of O -swine O -pepsinogen O -has O -been O -studied O -as O -a O -function O -of O -urea B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -pH O -, O -and O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -temperature O -dependence O -of O -the O -equilibrium O -constant O -for O -the O -unfolding O -of O -pepsinogen O -by O -urea B-Chemical -in O -the O -range O -20 O -- O -50 O -degrees O -C O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -can O -be O -described O -by O -assigning O -the O -following O -values O -of O -thermodynamic O -parameters O -for O -the O -denaturation O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -: O -deltaH O -= O -31 O -. O -5 O -kcal O -mol O -- O -1 O -; O -deltaS O -= O -105 O -cal O -deg O -- O -1 O -mol O -- O -1 O -; O -and O -deltaCp O -= O -5215 O -cal O -deg O -- O -1 O -mol O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Investigation O -of O -the O -adrenocorticotropic O -hormone O -, O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -, O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -control O -step O -. O - -aps B-category -Transport O -in O -C4 O -mesophyll O -chloroplasts O -: O -evidence O -for O -an O -exchange O -of O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphoenolpyruvate O -( O -PEP O -) O -was O -a O -competitive O -inhibitor O -( O -Ki O -( O -PEP O -) O -= O -450 O -micrometer O -) O -of O -32Pi O -uptake O -( O -Km O -( O -Pi O -) O -= O -200 O -micrometer O -) O -by O -chloroplasts O -in O -the O -dark O -and O -also O -reduced O -the O -steady O -- O -state O -internal O -concentration O -of O -32Pi O -, O -which O -is O -consistent O -with O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -sharing O -a O -common O -carrier O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -phosphate B-Chemical -induced O -a O -high O -rate O -of O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -formation O -and O -the O -concentration O -ratio O -( O -internal O -/ O -external O -) O -decreased O -15 O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -Pulse O -fluorimetry O -study O -of O -energy O -transfers O -between O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -in O -beef O -liver O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -Practically O -, O -all O -these O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -belong O -to O -the O -first O -class O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -haemolysis O -on O -the O -hexose O -monophosphate O -pathway O -in O -normal O -and O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -- O -deficient O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -the O -hexose O -monophosphate O -pathway O -activity O -and O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -level O -of O -normal O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -- O -deficient O -erythrocytes O -were O -measured O -soon O -after O -haemolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -that O -the O -intracellular O -restraint O -may O -result O -from O -compartmentalization O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -substrates O -or O -from O -properties O -of O -the O -intact O -membrane O -of O -the O -erythrocytes O -is O -suggested O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -pH O -on O -its O -binding O -to O -liposomes O -and O -evidence O -for O -formation O -of O -a O -ternary O -complex O -with O -valinomycin O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -Depression O -of O -deltamuH O -is O -paralleled O -by O -inhibition O -of O -ATP O -synthesis O -and O -decline O -of O -deltaGp O -, O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -Subunit O -structure O -and O -activity O -of O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -spinach O -chloroplasts O -. O - -aps B-category -600 O -, O -000 O -daltons O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -gel O -electrophoresis O -shows O -that O -it O -consists O -of O -two O -subunits O -of O -molecular O -weight O -43 O -, O -000 O -and O -37 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Almost O -complete O -inactivation O -is O -obtained O -by O -reaction O -of O -two O -cysteinyl O -residues O -per O -80 O -, O -000 O -daltons O -with O -tetrathionate O -or O -iodo O -[ O -14C2 O -] O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -; O -since O -the O -same O -amount O -of O -radioactivity O -is O -incorporated O -in O -the O -two O -subunits O -it O -is O -likely O -that O -they O -are O -both O -essential O -for O -the O -catalytic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -dependence O -of O -the O -rate O -of O -hydrolysis O -of O -L O -- O -asparagine O -by O -Escherichia O -coli O -L O -- O -asparaginase O -( O -L O -- O -asparagine O -amidohydrolase O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -5 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -) O -has O -been O -measured O -over O -the O -range O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -to O -pH O -9 O -. O -1 O -by O -a O -direct O -spectrophotometric O -assay O -at O -220 O -nm O -and O -by O -a O -coupled O -assay O -utilizing O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -to O -detect O -the O -ammonia B-Chemical -produced O -. O - -aps B-category -Asparagine O -synthetase O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -: O -ammonia B-Chemical -ligase O -( O -AMP O -- O -forming O -, O -EC O -6 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -) O -activity O -in O -rat O -liver O -increased O -when O -the O -animals O -were O -put O -on O -a O -low O -casein O -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimal O -pH O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -in O -the O -range O -7 O -. O -4 O -- O -7 O -. O -6 O -with O -glutamine B-Chemical -as O -an O -amide O -donor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -was O -inhibited O -by O -L O -- O -asparagine O -, O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphates O -except O -ATP O -, O -and O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -reagents O -. O - -aps B-category -Progesterone B-Chemical -inhibited O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -: O -O2 O -oxidoreductase O -( O -deaminating O -) O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -3 O -) O -in O -competition O -with O -its O -substrate O -, O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ethinyl B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -propionate I-Chemical -, O -corticosterone B-Chemical -and O -aldosterone B-Chemical -also O -inhibited O -the O -enzyme O -slightly O -in O -the O -same O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -indicates O -the O -binding O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -with O -the O -enzyme O -at O -a O -site O -other O -than O -the O -substrate O -binding O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -included O -gamma O -- O -glutamylcyclotransferase O -( O -( O -gamma O -- O -L O -- O -glutamyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -( O -cyclizing O -) O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -. O -4 O -) O -and O -5 O -- O -oxoprolinase O -, O -whose O -activities O -showed O -no O -large O -increase O -comparable O -to O -that O -of O -the O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -, O -as O -the O -culture O -approached O -' O -phase O -- O -out O -' O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -enzyme O -obtained O -by O -gel O -filtration O -was O -preincubated O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -for O -10 O -min O -with O -50 O -micrometer O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- O -P O -) O -, O -a O -7 O -- O -fold O -increase O -in O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -rate O -of O -conversion O -was O -observed O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -50 O -% O -( O -v O -/ O -v O -) O -diethyl O -ether B-Chemical -and O -10 O -mM O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -peroxides B-Chemical -from O -a O -soya O -lipoxygenase O -- O -catalysed O -oxygenation O -of O -methyl O -linolenate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -the O -delta9 O -desaturase O -activity O -of O -microsomes O -was O -never O -completely O -lost O -after O -extraction O -with O -buffer O -but O -could O -be O -stimulated O -by O -optimum O -concentrations O -of O -both O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -and O -catalase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -measured O -as O -the O -release O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -from O -a O -serum O -- O -activated O -, O -triglyceride B-Chemical -emulsion O -, O -in O -which O -[ O -3H O -] O -trioleate O -was O -used O -as O -trace O -substance O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -Km O -was O -similar O -to O -the O -low O -fasting O -concentrations O -of O -very O -low O -density O -lipoprotein O -triglycerides B-Chemical -often O -found O -in O -healthy O -individuals O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -similar O -incubation O -conditions O -, O -a O -complex O -is O -formed O -between O -activator O -and O -sulphatides O -which O -is O -partially O -inhibited O -, O -due O -to O -competitive O -binding O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -cerebrosides O -of O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -effects O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -anoxia O -on O -glycolysis O -and O -metabolite O -concentrations O -in O -the O -perfused O -liver O -of O -fetal O -guinea O -pig O -. O - -aps B-category -Between O -50 O -days O -and O -term O -there O -was O -a O -fall O -in O -the O -respiratory O -rate O -and O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -ATP O -and O -fructose O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphate O -and O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -glycogen O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Anoxia O -increased O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -by O -, O -and O -the O -concentrations O -of O -, O -the O -hexose O -phosphates O -ADP O -and O -AMP O -in O -the O -50 O -- O -day O -to O -term O -fetal O -liver O -, O -while O -the O -concentration O -of O -ribulose O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -ATP O -and O -some O -triose O -phosphates O -fell O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -calculated O -cytosolic O -NAD O -+ O -/ O -NADH O -ratio O -for O -the O -perfused O -liver O -was O -similar O -to O -that O -measured O -in O -vivo O -and O -evidence O -is O -presented O -to O -suggest O -that O -the O -dihydroxyacetone O -phosphate B-Chemical -/ O -glycerol O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -ratio O -gives O -a O -better O -indication O -of O -cytosolic O -redox O -than O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -/ O -pyruvate B-Chemical -ratio O -. O - -aps B-category -Preincubation O -of O -the O -homogenate O -with O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -cholecystokinin B-Chemical -or O -secretin O -inhibited O -gastrin O -binding O -to O -a O -greater O -extent O -than O -an O -equimolar O -concentration O -of O -pentagastrin O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -on O -superoxide B-Chemical -radical O -generation O -in O -leukocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Certain O -saturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -myristate O -in O -particular O -, O -induced O -the O -production O -of O -O O -- O -2 O -in O -leukocytes O -, O -suggesting O -a O -correlation O -between O -the O -formation O -of O -O O -- O -2 O -and O -the O -hydrophobic O -interaction O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -with O -the O -leukocyte O -plasma O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Interferon B-Chemical -suppresses O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inducible I-Chemical -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -biosynthesis O -in O -embryonic O -chick O -neural O -retina O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -retinal O -enzyme O -radioactively O -labelled O -with O -[ O -3H O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -was O -precipitated O -by O -specific O -antibody O -against O -the O -enzyme O -isolated O -from O -adult O -chick O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -, O -and O -cyclic B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -assimilation O -in O -Rhizobium O -japonicum O -. O - -aps B-category -Ammonia B-Chemical -repressed O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -and O -increased O -the O -average O -state O -of O -adenylylation O -of O -this O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamine O -synthetase O -repression O -and O -adenylylation O -state O -were O -also O -increased O -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimum O -pH O -for O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitroanilide I-Chemical -hydrolysis O -is O -8 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrolysis O -of O -synthetic O -peptides O -shows O -that O -the O -enzyme O -releases O -apolar O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Variation O -of O -pK O -values O -for O -these O -three O -groups O -and O -the O -degree O -of O -inhibition O -for O -intermediate O -forms O -of O -enzyme O -- O -substrate O -complex O -are O -found O -to O -be O -sufficient O -to O -reproduce O -main O -varieties O -of O -described O -in O -the O -literature O -and O -obtained O -in O -this O -work O -multiformity O -of O -pH O -- O -dependence O -curves O -of O -different O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphates O -hydrolysis O -by O -both O -native O -and O -modified O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Blockade O -by O -psychotropic O -drugs O -of O -the O -muscarinic O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptor O -in O -cultured O -nerve O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -technique O -involved O -the O -assay O -of O -receptor O -- O -mediated O -formation O -of O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -cyclic O -GMP O -) O -from O -radioactively O -labeled O -guanosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -in O -living O -mouse O -neuroblastoma O -cells O -( O -clone O -N1E O -- O -115 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -statistically O -significant O -difference O -in O -blood O -PO2 O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -between O -the O -group O -of O -necrosis O -of O -the O -femoral O -head O -and O -the O -group O -of O -osteoarthritic O -hips O -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Detection O -of O -a O -new O -anomalous O -variant O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -human O -erythrocytes O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -abnormal O -enzyme O -differs O -from O -the O -normal O -by O -decreased O -Michaelis O -constant O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -NADP O -) O -, O -by O -increased O -utilization O -of O -analogues O -of O -substrates B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -particularly O -deamino O -- O -NADP O -, O -by O -low O -thermal O -stability O -, O -by O -the O -character O -of O -pH O -- O -dependence O -, O -by O -the O -appearance O -of O -a O -single O -band O -of O -G6PD O -activity O -in O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -producing O -tracheal O -relaxation O -, O -OPC O -- O -2009 O -was O -approximately O -7 O -times O -more O -potent O -and O -salbutamol B-Chemical -5 O -times O -less O -potent O -than O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Selectivity O -calculated O -from O -EC50 O -ratio O -indicates O -that O -OPC O -- O -2009 O -was O -approximately O -26 O -times O -and O -salbutamol B-Chemical -approximately O -21 O -times O -more O -selective O -than O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -for O -tracheal O -smooth O -muscle O -as O -compared O -to O -right O -atrial O -muscle O -, O -whereas O -OPC O -- O -2009 O -was O -approximately O -850 O -times O -and O -salbutamol B-Chemical -140 O -times O -more O -selective O -than O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -for O -tracheal O -smooth O -muscle O -as O -compared O -to O -left O -atria O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -was O -a O -competitive O -antagonist O -of O -OPC O -- O -2009 O -on O -these O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -effects O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -on O -responses O -to O -sympathetic O -nerve O -stimulation O -in O -the O -pithed O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -effects O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -on O -cardiac O -nerves O -and O -hypogastric O -nerves O -were O -antagonized O -by O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -were O -also O -antagonized O -by O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presynaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonist O -potencies O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -naphazoline B-Chemical -and O -oxymetazoline O -were O -very O -similar O -on O -cardiac O -nerve O -terminals O -whereas O -on O -the O -hypogastric O -nerve O -terminals O -oxymetazoline O -was O -about O -6 O -times O -more O -potent O -than O -either O -naphazoline B-Chemical -or O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -Bilateral O -adrenalectomy O -suppressed O -body O -growth O -and O -increased O -the O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -rat O -striatum O -in O -a O -time O -- O -dependent O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Administration O -of O -corticosterone B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Corticosterone O -treatment O -for O -7 O -days O -beginning O -from O -the O -8th O -day O -of O -adrenalectomy O -virtually O -restored O -the O -concentrations O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -the O -activities O -of O -striatal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -cerebrocortical O -monoamine O -oxidase O -to O -the O -values O -seen O -for O -sham O -- O -operated O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -Noradrenaline O -( O -ID50 O -, O -0 O -. O -75 O -micrometer O -) O -and O -clonidine B-Chemical -( O -ID50 O -, O -2 O -. O -8 O -nM O -) O -produced O -a O -dose O -- O -related O -inhibition O -of O -the O -twitch O -response O -of O -the O -isolated O -vas O -deferens O -of O -the O -mouse O -to O -electrical O -stimulation O -, O -their O -effectiveness O -decreasing O -as O -frequency O -of O -stimulation O -increased O -from O -0 O -. O -2 O -to O -16 O -hertz O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Yohimbine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -nM O -) O -antagonized O -the O -inhibitory O -effects O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -but O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -motor O -activity O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -Thymoxamine O -( O -0 O -. O -3 O -micrometer O -) O -antagonized O -the O -effects O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -those O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -indicated O -that O -while O -both O -therapies O -were O -effective O -in O -the O -reduction O -of O -social O -anxiety O -, O -the O -training O -programme O -was O -the O -more O -effective O -in O -reducing O -problem O -behaviour O -, O -but O -desensitization O -appeared O -to O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -wider O -generalization O -of O -improvement O -as O -indicated O -by O -increases O -in O -social O -participation O -. O - -aps B-category -Non O -- O -practolol O -beta O -- O -blockers O -in O -combination O -with O -methyldopa B-Chemical -did O -not O -increase O -the O -incidence O -of O -ANA O -further O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemosensitivity O -of O -hypophysiotropic O -neurons O -to O -the O -microelectrophoresis O -of O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -human O -cerebral O -cortex O -slices O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonist O -) O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -apomorphine B-Chemical -( O -a O -dopaminergic O -agonist O -) O -, O -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -stimulated O -cyclic O -AMP O -formation O -: O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -dopamine B-Chemical -= O -apomorphine B-Chemical -= O -serotonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulatory O -effect O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -was O -blocked O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocker O -) O -but O -not O -by O -phentolamine B-Chemical -( O -an O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blocker O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -propranolol B-Chemical -or O -phentolamine B-Chemical -had O -any O -effect O -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -or O -serotonin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -cyclic O -AMP O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -changes O -in O -inspired O -oxygen B-Chemical -concentration O -on O -the O -experimental O -production O -of O -pulmonary O -edema O -in O -the O -dog O -with O -chronic O -left O -ventricular O -overload O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -animals O -showed O -no O -change O -in O -left O -ventricular O -function O -or O -pulmonary O -artery O -pressure O -( O -RVSP O -) O -in O -response O -to O -pure O -oxygen B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -should O -be O -preceded O -by O -gastric O -irrigaiton O -, O -which O -usually O -sufficies O -to O -control O -bleeding O -caused O -by O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -or O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -or O -both O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glucocorticoid O -domain O -: O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -changes O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -synthesis O -of O -rat O -hepatoma O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -existence O -of O -the O -polar O -head O -in O -a O -loop O -conformation O -allowing O -for O -interactions O -between O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -is O -suggested O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Purification O -of O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -from O -human O -brain O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -for O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -found O -for O -the O -human O -enzyme O -, O -respectively O -1 O -, O -2 O -. O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -and O -0 O -, O -13 O -. O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -, O -are O -close O -to O -the O -Km O -found O -for O -the O -Mouse O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Simple O -, O -refined O -fluorometric O -method O -for O -measuring O -cystyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -peptidase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -thiol B-Chemical -, O -L O -- O -cystine O -- O -di O -- O -beta O -- O -naphthylamide O -is O -converted O -to O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -naphthylamide I-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -to O -hydrolyze O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -naphthylamide I-Chemical -can O -be O -measured O -, O -while O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -thiol B-Chemical -, O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -to O -hydrolyze O -L O -- O -cystine O -- O -di O -- O -beta O -- O -naphthylamide O -is O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -thiocyanate O -ions O -on O -starch B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iodine I-Chemical -reaction O -used O -for O -the O -estimation O -of O -alpha O -- O -amylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -wrong O -values O -during O -determination O -of O -alpha O -- O -amylase O -by O -this O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -protein O -- O -binding O -assay O -for O -measurement O -of O -biotin B-Chemical -in O -physiological O -fluids O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -is O -based O -upon O -the O -binding O -of O -an O -iodinated O -biotin B-Chemical -conjugate O -by O -avidin O -followed O -by O -separation O -of O -bound O -and O -free O -conjugate O -by O -charcoal B-Chemical -absorption O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -new O -calibration O -procedure O -consists O -of O -the O -continuous O -titration O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -liberated O -by O -lipase O -from O -the O -sample O -, O -under O -the O -same O -reaction O -conditions O -as O -those O -used O -in O -the O -turbidimetric O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increase O -in O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -dissociation O -was O -found O -on O -sickling O -due O -to O -sickle O -cell O -haemoglobin O -polymerization O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -increased O -tryptaminuria O -which O -follows O -alcohol B-Chemical -ingestion O -can O -be O -abolished O -by O -the O -concurrent O -ingestion O -of O -alkali B-Chemical -even O -when O -the O -amount O -of O -alkali B-Chemical -consumed O -is O -insufficient O -to O -increase O -urinary O -pH O -to O -6 O -. O -5 O -( O -above O -which O -pH O -a O -fall O -in O -urinary O -tryptamine O -may O -be O -anticipated O -, O -from O -previous O -studies O -, O -to O -occur O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Acquired O -enzymopathy O -of O -erythrocyte O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -acute O -viral O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -showed O -decreased O -activity O -( O -relative O -to O -protein O -) O -, O -reduced O -affinity O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -was O -inactivated O -at O -45 O -degrees O -C O -or O -at O -low O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Antihypertensive O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonist O -action O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -kinetic O -characterization O -of O -choline B-Chemical -esterases O -in O -Limulus O -polyphemus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -differential O -haemodynamic O -responses O -of O -the O -elasmobranch O -, O -Squalus O -acanthias O -, O -to O -the O -naturally O -occurring O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -conjugation O -of O -benzoic O -acid O -and O -phenylacetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -by O -the O -Pipistrelle O -bat O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -handling O -, O -turnover O -, O -and O -metabolism O -of O -salicylates B-Chemical -in O -a O -desert O -rodent O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -treatment O -with O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -psychiatry O -. O - -aps B-category -Pulmonary O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -and O -the O -realse O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -from O -the O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -grain O -germinates O -the O -reserve O -proteins O -are O -hydrolysed O -to O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -transported O -to O -the O -growing O -tissues O -of O -the O -seedling O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -peptidase O -activities O -in O -the O -scutellum O -suggest O -that O -the O -hydrolysis O -products O -of O -the O -reserve O -proteins O -are O -absorbed O -from O -the O -starchy O -endosperm O -as O -a O -mixture O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -small O -peptides O -, O -which O -are O -hydrolysed O -to O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -scutellum O -before O -transport O -to O -the O -growing O -seedling O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -mono O -- O -oxygenase O -activity O -and O -hepatocellular O -morphology O -in O -chickens O -treated O -with O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -ethylmorphine O -N O -- O -demethylase O -( O -ND O -) O -activity O -was O -enhanced O -approximately O -1 O -. O -7 O -- O -fold O -, O -aniline O -hydroxylase O -( O -AH O -) O -was O -increased O -2 O -. O -5 O -- O -fold O -, O -aryl O -hydrocarbon O -hydroxylase O -was O -increased O -20 O -- O -fold O -, O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -was O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolism O -and O -elimination O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -in O -the O -rat O -, O -dog O -, O -and O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biotransformation O -of O -3H O -- O -labeled O -alpha O -- O -aminobenzo O -[ O -b O -] O -thiophene O -- O -3 O -- O -propionic O -acid O -( O -the O -sulfur O -analog O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -) O -was O -investigated O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -relationship O -between O -the O -metabolism O -of O -bumetanide B-Chemical -and O -its O -diuretic B-Chemical -activity O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -the O -enterohepatic O -circulation O -in O -the O -elimination O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -( O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -, O -DPH O -) O -was O -measured O -in O -plasma O -and O -semen O -of O -rabbits O -and O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -disposition O -of O -threo O -- O -alpha O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -piperidyl O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -trifluoromethyl O -- O -6 O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -trifluoromethylphenyl O -) O -- O -4 O -- O -pyridinemethanol O -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -failed O -to O -demonstrate O -a O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -pattern O -of O -hemoprotein O -at O -any O -time O -after O -treatment O -with O -PBB O -' O -s O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Gynecomastia O -caused O -by O -digitalis B-Chemical -? O - -aps B-category -The O -S O -- O -protein O -is O -less O -stable O -to O -acid O -than O -RNase O -- O -A O -since O -the O -former O -, O -but O -not O -the O -latter O -, O -shows O -evidence O -of O -reversible O -denaturation O -at O -pH O -3 O -and O -26 O -degrees O -C O -. O -His O -- O -48 O -in O -S O -- O -protein O -titrates O -normally O -and O -has O -a O -lower O -pK O -than O -in O -RN O -- O -ase O -- O -A O -probably O -because O -of O -the O -absence O -of O -Asp O -- O -14 O -, O -which O -in O -RN O -- O -ase O -- O -A O -forms O -a O -a O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bond O -with O -His O -- O -48 O -and O -causes O -it O -to O -be O -inaccessible O -to O -solvent O -, O -at O -pH O -values O -below O -9 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subcellular O -distribution O -of O -a O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -inactivating O -factor O -in O -rat O -liver O -has O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Form O -I O -of O -three O -different O -forms O -, O -that O -can O -be O -obtained O -by O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -apatite I-Chemical -chromatography O -, O -is O -readily O -inactivated O -, O -form O -III O -can O -be O -partly O -converted O -to O -form O -I O -by O -incubation O -in O -presence O -of O -purified O -plasma O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -to O -mitochondria O -isolated O -from O -brain O -, O -adrenal O -cortex O -, O -parotid O -gland O -and O -skeletal O -muscle O -inhibits O -further O -uptake O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -by O -these O -mitochondria O -but O -induces O -little O -or O -no O -net O -Ca2 O -+ O -efflux O -; O -the O -further O -addition O -of O -Na O -+ O -, O -however O -, O -induces O -rapid O -efflux O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -efflux O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -from O -these O -mitochondria O -occurs O -via O -a O -Na O -+ O -- O -dependent O -pathway O -, O -possibly O -a O -Na O -+ O -- O -Ca2 O -+ O -antiporter O -, O -that O -is O -distinct O -from O -the O -ruthenium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -red I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -carrier O -that O -catalyses O -energy O -- O -linked O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -influx O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -process O -of O -sialylation O -was O -prevented O -by O -inhibitors O -of O -RNA O -or O -protein O -synthesis O -such O -as O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactosamine I-Chemical -, O -actinomycin O -D O -or O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -, O -provided O -that O -the O -inhibitor O -( O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactosamine I-Chemical -) O -was O -given O -within O -the O -first O -8 O -h O -after O -partial O -hepatectomy O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -mechanism O -of O -substrate O -binding O -to O -the O -purine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -transport I-Chemical -system O -of O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -. O - -aps B-category -guanidine O -and O -octylguanidine O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -urea B-Chemical -, O -or O -hexadecyltrimethylammonium O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -dodecylsulfate O -and O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -with O -group O -- O -specific O -inhibitors O -indicate O -that O -this O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residue O -contains O -a O -carboxyl O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -normal O -human O -volunteers O -, O -when O -urinary O -pH O -was O -plotted O -versus O -time O -, O -the O -circadian O -sine O -- O -wave O -type O -curve O -was O -not O -altered O -by O -chronic O -administration O -of O -a O -commercially O -available O -suspension O -containing O -a O -mixture O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -and O -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxides O -, O -although O -the O -antacid O -perturbed O -the O -entire O -curve O -in O -a O -more O -alkaline O -direction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -above O -results O -were O -based O -on O -the O -evaluation O -of O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentrations O -of O -1562 O -separate O -urine O -samples O -collected O -from O -24 O -normal O -subjects O -in O -a O -three O -treatment O -crossover O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Antidiuresis O -induced O -by O -beta1 O -- O -and O -beta2 O -- O -adrenergic O -agonists O -in O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anesthetized I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -infusions O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -salbutamol B-Chemical -and O -carbuterol O -did O -not O -affect O -insulin O -clearance O -but O -increased O -plasma O -renin O -concentration O -to O -the O -same O -same O -extent O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -baclofen B-Chemical -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -and O -interaction O -with O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -was O -not O -antagonized O -by O -either O -scopolamine B-Chemical -or O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -increases O -in O -HVA O -and O -DOPAC B-Chemical -and O -in O -DOPA O -accumulation O -after O -central O -decarboxylase O -inhibition O -were O -also O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -Baclofen B-Chemical -effects O -on O -DA O -metabolism O -are O -similar O -to O -those O -reported O -for O -gamma O -- O -hydroxybutyric O -acid O -and O -are O -probably O -a O -consequence O -of O -inhibition O -of O -firing O -of O -DA O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cats O -anaesthetized O -with O -chloralose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urethane I-Chemical -( O -70 O -/ O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -a O -somato O -- O -sympathetic O -reflex O -increase O -of O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -was O -evoked O -by O -electrical O -stimulation O -of O -sensory O -fibres O -running O -within O -the O -tibial O -nerve O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -injection O -of O -2 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -clonidine B-Chemical -into O -the O -vertebral O -artery O -elicited O -hypotension O -but O -no O -reflux O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -tramazoline O -on O -the O -reflex O -increase O -in O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -was O -antagonized O -by O -the O -presynaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenolytic O -drug O -yohimbine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -chronic O -administration O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -upon O -catecholamine B-Chemical -( O -CA O -) O -synthesizing O -enzymes O -of O -rat O -hypothalamus O -, O -striatum O -and O -adrenal O -medulla O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -chronic O -nicotine B-Chemical -administration O -can O -produce O -similar O -long O -- O -term O -alterations O -in O -both O -of O -the O -main O -CA O -forming O -enzymes O -in O -the O -hypothalamus O -and O -in O -adrenal O -medulla O -. O - -aps B-category -Leishmania O -donovani O -and O -L O -. O -braziliensis O -: O -function O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -NMR O -study O -of O -a O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -two O -histidine O -residues O -in O -the O -structure O -of O -porcine O -pancreatic O -colipase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -surgical O -reversal O -of O -cryptorchidism O -resulted O -in O -regenerative O -differentiation O -of O -mature O -germ O -cells O -as O -judged O -by O -testicular O -weight O -, O -histologic O -examination O -, O -and O -increase O -in O -the O -specific O -activity O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -- O -X O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -aid O -of O -analysis O -of O -afferent O -impulse O -activity O -in O -the O -cat O -chorda O -tympani O -, O -it O -was O -shown O -that O -the O -effect O -of O -application O -of O -organic O -acids O -solutions O -of O -the O -same O -pH O -to O -the O -tongue O -could O -be O -represented O -as O -follows O -: O -propionic O -acid O -greater O -than O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -greater O -than O -pyruvic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -tyrosine B-Chemical -increases O -due O -to O -the O -enzymatic O -deficiency O -leads O -to O -the O -deposition O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -crystals O -in O -the O -eye O -and O -cornea O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -crystals O -with O -membrane O -- O -bound O -particles O -can O -be O -studied O -in O -vitro O -with O -lysosomes O -and O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -correction O -of O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -by O -parathyroidectomy O -, O -the O -gastric O -acid O -output O -and O -serum O -gastrin O -were O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -basal O -activity O -of O -the O -soluble O -fraction O -measured O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -300 O -micrometer O -guanosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- O -triphosphate O -and O -5 O -mM O -MnCl2 O -was O -72 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -. O -3 O -pmoles O -of O -cyclic O -GMP O -per O -mg O -of O -protein O -per O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -of O -that O -fraction O -was O -not O -modified O -by O -NaN3 O -, O -gastrin O -, O -cholinergic O -agents O -, O -secretin O -, O -or O -cholecystokinin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concept O -of O -two O -classes O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -receptor O -, O -H1 O -and O -H2 O -, O -is O -introduced O -and O -the O -chemical O -derivation O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -is O -outlined O -briefly O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -stepwise O -modifications O -ultimately O -afforded O -metiamide O -and O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -, O -it O -is O -a O -potent O -inhibitor O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -in O -rats O -and O -dogs O -after O -both O -intravenous O -and O -oral O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -has O -been O -shown O -to O -have O -low O -acute O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -the O -H2 O -- O -antagonists O -on O -histamine B-Chemical -action O -and O -interaction O -with O -gastrin O -in O -isolated O -parietal O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -taken O -at O -bedtime O -, O -cimetidine B-Chemical -inhibits O -nocturnal O -acid O -secretion O -by O -greater O -than O -80 O -% O -for O -most O -of O -the O -night O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -to O -get O -adequate O -suppression O -of O -food O -- O -stimulated O -acid O -secretion O -throughout O -the O -day O -, O -cimetidine B-Chemical -should O -be O -given O -with O -each O -meal O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -depletion O -as O -a O -factor O -in O -the O -induction O -of O -adrenal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Is O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -an O -inhibitory O -neurotransmitter O -? O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -ditazole O -- O -or O -aspirin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -animals O -, O -the O -microscopical O -examination O -of O -the O -thrombus O -showed O -a O -reduction O -in O -the O -fibrin O -component O -, O -and O -well O -- O -isolated O -platelets O -not O -undergoing O -a O -viscous O -metamorphosis O -were O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -effects O -of O -CD O -- O -3400 O -on O -spontaneous O -motor O -activity O -and O -conditioned O -avoidance O -response O -were O -weaker O -and O -shorter O -than O -those O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -and O -rescinnamine O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -doses O -of O -CD O -- O -3400 O -exhibited O -inhibitory O -effects O -on O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hyperactivity O -in O -mice O -and O -this O -action O -was O -weaker O -than O -those O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -and O -rescinnamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Reserpine B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -, O -resulted O -in O -a O -drowsy O -pattern O -in O -the O -spontaneous O -EEG O -activity O -and O -the O -EEG O -arousal O -response O -was O -depressed O -, O -while O -with O -CD O -- O -3400 O -, O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -, O -there O -was O -no O -drowsy O -pattern O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterisation O -of O -purine B-Chemical -nucleoside B-Chemical -phosphorylase O -from O -fibroblasts O -using O -ultra O -- O -microchemical O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -obtained O -suggest O -that O -Np O -might O -play O -a O -regulatory O -role O -in O -the O -purine B-Chemical -interconversion O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -Bioavailability O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -: O -some O -pitfalls O -and O -problems O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absorption O -rate O -constant O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -and O -its O -derivatives O -is O -approximately O -0 O -. O -7 O -( O -h O -- O -1 O -) O -which O -corresponds O -to O -an O -absorption O -half O -life O -of O -about O -1 O -hour O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -relapse O -in O -this O -experiment O -indicates O -the O -relative O -ineffectiveness O -of O -selenium B-Chemical -disulfid O -preparations O -when O -used O -as O -a O -1 O -% O -suspension O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -pityriasis O -versicolor O -. O - -aps B-category -New O -phagosomes O -are O -loaded O -with O -lead B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -permanganate O -fixative O -is O -usually O -employed O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -pH O -was O -adjusted O -to O -5 O -. O -0 O -, O -electron O -dense O -precipitates O -were O -seen O -in O -the O -amine B-Chemical -granules O -of O -part O -of O -the O -medullary O -cells O -, O -probably O -noradrenalin O -containing O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemical O -and O -physical O -factors O -influencing O -methicillin B-Chemical -resistance O -of O -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -and O -Staphylococcus O -epidermidis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rapid O -method O -is O -presented O -for O -determining O -strychnine B-Chemical -and O -brucine O -in O -liquid O -galenicals O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -treatment O -with O -0 O -. O -1N O -NaOH B-Chemical -, O -the O -liberated O -alkaloids O -are O -determined O -spectrophotometrically O -, O -using O -the O -2 O -- O -wavelength O -method O -of O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -2 O -) O -Amino O -acid O -analyses O -of O -photooxidized O -RNase O -Ms O -at O -various O -stages O -of O -photooxidative O -inactivation O -at O -pH O -' O -s O -4 O -. O -0 O -and O -6 O -. O -0 O -indicated O -that O -one O -histidine O -residue O -was O -related O -to O -the O -activity O -of O -RNase O -Ms O -, O -but O -that O -no O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residue O -was O -involved O -in O -the O -active O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -mitochondrial O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidation O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -cultured O -at O -a O -constant O -pH O -of O -7 O -. O -2 O -, O -cells O -grown O -with O -1 O -mM O -galactose B-Chemical -had O -about O -five O -times O -higher O -tyrosinase O -activity O -than O -cells O -grown O -with O -1 O -mM O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -two O -findings O -explain O -the O -very O -low O -tyrosinase O -activity O -of O -cells O -cultured O -in O -medium O -with O -5 O -mM O -glucose B-Chemical -: O -the O -low O -activity O -is O -due O -to O -the O -presence O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -to O -the O -low O -pH O -resulting O -from O -conversion O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -radiosensitization O -may O -involve O -both O -the O -electron O -affinic O -nature O -of O -dehydroascorbate O -as O -well O -as O -its O -ability O -to O -oxidize O -the O -intracellular O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -and O -non O -- O -protein O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxidation O -of O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -by O -dehydroascorbate O -could O -be O -reversed O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduced O -form O -of O -dehydroascorbate O -, O -vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -, O -was O -found O -to O -be O -toxic O -only O -under O -aerobic O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylalanine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -melanoma O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -ability O -is O -conferred O -by O -phenylalanine O -hydroxylase O -activity O -, O -and O -not O -by O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -or O -tyrosinase O -activities O -, O -although O -the O -latter O -activity O -is O -also O -present O -in O -these O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylalanine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -melanoma O -cell O -extracts O -was O -identified O -by O -its O -inhibition O -with O -p O -- O -chlorophenylalanine O -and O -not O -with O -6 O -- O -fluorotryptophan O -, O -3 O -- O -iodotyrosine O -, O -phenylthiourea O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -or O -tryptophan B-Chemical -; O -and O -by O -adsorption O -with O -antiserum O -prepared O -against O -purified O -rat O -liver O -phenylalanine O -hydroxylase O -, O -and O -migration O -of O -immunoprecipitable O -activity O -with O -authentic O -phenylalanine O -hydroxylase O -subunits O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -sensitive O -and O -specific O -electron O -- O -capture O -gas O -- O -- O -liquid O -chromatographic O -( O -GLC O -- O -- O -ECD O -) O -assay O -was O -developed O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -8 O -- O -chloro O -- O -6 O -- O -( O -2 O -' O -- O -fluorophenyl O -) O -- O -1 O -- O -methyl O -- O -4H O -- O -imidazo O -( O -1 O -, O -5a O -) O -( O -1 O -, O -4 O -) O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -( O -I O -) O -or O -8 O -- O -chloro O -- O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -dimethyl O -- O -6 O -- O -( O -2 O -' O -- O -fluorophenyl O -) O -- O -4H O -- O -imidazo O -( O -1 O -, O -5a O -) O -( O -1 O -, O -4 O -) O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -in O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -urinary O -metabolite O -of O -I O -is O -8 O -- O -chloro O -- O -6 O -- O -( O -2 O -' O -- O -fluorophenyl O -) O -- O -1 O -- O -hydroxymethyl O -- O -4H O -- O -imidazo O -( O -1 O -, O -5a O -) O -( O -1 O -, O -4 O -) O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -, O -( O -IA O -) O -present O -as O -a O -glucuronide O -conjugate O -while O -8 O -- O -chloro O -- O -6 O -- O -( O -2 O -' O -- O -fluorophenyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -imidazo I-Chemical -( O -1 O -, O -5a O -) O -( O -1 O -, O -4 O -) O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -, O -( O -IB O -) O -and O -8 O -- O -chloro O -- O -6 O -- O -( O -2 O -' O -- O -fluorophenyl O -) O -- O -4 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -1 O -- O -hydroxymethyl O -- O -4H O -- O -imidazo O -( O -1 O -, O -5a O -) O -( O -1 O -, O -4 O -) O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -, O -( O -IC O -) O -are O -minor O -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -necessary O -to O -use O -alkali B-Chemical -flame O -ionisation O -detector O -, O -which O -specifically O -detects O -nitrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -agonists O -compete O -for O -occupancy O -of O -the O -[ O -( O -3 O -) O -H O -] O -dihydroergocryptine O -binding O -sites O -with O -an O -order O -of O -potency O -( O -- O -) O -epinephrine B-Chemical -& O -gt O -; O -( O -- O -) O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -& O -gt O -; O -& O -gt O -; O -( O -- O -) O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potent O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonists O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -and O -yohimbine B-Chemical -competed O -potently O -for O -the O -sites O -, O -whereas O -beta O -- O -antagonists O -such O -as O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -dichlorisoproterenol O -were O -quite O -weak O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -and O -acetyl O -- O -coenzyme O -A O -synthetase O -by O -bovine O -milk O -and O -orotic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -course O -of O -each O -pulmonary O -infection O -was O -followed O -by O -use O -of O -the O -animal O -' O -s O -maximal O -ability O -to O -consume O -oxygen B-Chemical -( O -VO2max O -by O -determining O -the O -weight O -, O -compliance O -, O -and O -stability O -of O -the O -excised O -lung O -, O -and O -in O -some O -cases O -by O -following O -O2 O -consumption O -of O -minced O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -variants O -: O -Gd O -( O -+ O -) O -Alexandra O -associated O -with O -neonatal O -jaundice O -and O -Gd O -( O -- O -) O -Camperdown O -in O -a O -young O -man O -with O -lamellar O -cataracts O -. O - -aps B-category -Quinidine B-Chemical -strongly O -inhibits O -Ca O -influx O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulating O -effect O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -derivatives O -on O -the O -labellar O -sugar O -receptor O -of O -the O -fleshfly O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -distinct O -effect O -of O -len O -; O -th O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -side O -chain O -is O -clearly O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Amino O -acids O -whose O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -are O -located O -at O -a O -position O -other O -than O -the O -alpha O -are O -almost O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -certain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -can O -stimulate O -the O -sugar O -receptor O -once O -the O -solutions O -are O -buffered O -at O -neutral O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -similarity O -was O -shown O -by O -testing O -the O -response O -concentration O -relationships O -, O -the O -stimulating O -effect O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -derivatives O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -treatment O -with O -p O -- O -chloromercuribenzoate O -, O -the O -behavioral O -response O -, O -and O -so O -on O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intracellular O -accumulation O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -against O -a O -concentration O -gradient O -was O -immediately O -inhibited O -by O -proton O -conductors O -, O -such O -as O -carbonyl O -cyanide O -p O -- O -trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone O -, O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dinitrophenol O -or O -nigericin O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -same O -pH O -, O -a O -second O -, O -low O -- O -affinity O -system O -( O -system O -II O -) O -operated O -, O -which O -was O -presumably O -less O -specific O -than O -system O -I O -and O -also O -able O -to O -accept O -, O -at O -high O -concentrations O -, O -neutral O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -L O -- O -aspartic O -acid O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -are O -transported O -by O -this O -system O -as O -neutral O -zwitterionic O -molecules O -. O - -aps B-category -Reducing O -the O -bathing O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -( O -[ O -Ca2 O -+ O -] O -0 O -) O -with O -or O -without O -ethylene O -glycol O -- O -bis O -( O -beta O -- O -aminoethyl O -ether B-Chemical -) O -N O -, O -N O -, O -N O -' O -, O -N O -' O -- O -tetraacetate O -( O -EGTA O -) O -prolongs O -the O -action O -potential O -( O -AP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -prolongation O -can O -be O -reversed O -by O -other O -divalent O -cations O -in O -EGTA O -( O -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -Sr2 O -+ O -) O -or O -Ca O -- O -free O -( O -Mn2 O -+ O -) O -solutions O -, O -or O -by O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -D600 O -, O -which O -blocks O -the O -slow O -inward O -current O -in O -cardiac O -muscle O -, O -is O -without O -effect O -on O -the O -action O -potentials O -recorded O -in O -EGTA O -solutions O -, O -or O -on O -the O -time O -course O -and O -extent O -of O -the O -recovery O -to O -normal O -duration O -upon O -restoring O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -to O -acidic O -lipids O -in O -isobutanol O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -in O -synaptic O -plasma O -membranes O -of O -cerebral O -cortex O -by O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Degradation O -of O -base O -- O -hydrolyzed O -2 O -, O -6 O -- O -dichlorobenzylthiopseudourea O -hydrochloride O -produced O -2 O -, O -6 O -- O -dichlorobenzylthiol O -and O -cyanamide O -and O -was O -followed O -by O -oxidation O -( O -air O -) O -to O -produce O -bis O -( O -2 O -, O -6 O -- O -dichlorobenzyl O -) O -disulfide O -, O -dimerization O -to O -give O -cyanoguanidine O -, O -and O -hydrolysis O -to O -yield O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -improvement O -in O -a O -previously O -described O -method O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -plasma O -salicylic O -acid O -and O -aspirin B-Chemical -levels O -in O -humans O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -More O -accurate O -estimation O -of O -salicylates B-Chemical -, O -particularly O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -was O -achieved O -by O -using O -two O -different O -calibration O -curves O -. O - -aps B-category -Absorbance O -of O -the O -blue O -- O -colored O -complex O -, O -which O -formed O -on O -addition O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -, O -was O -measured O -at O -670 O -nm O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -plasma O -creatinine B-Chemical -levels O -in O -patients O -determined O -by O -high O -- O -pressure O -liquid O -chromatography O -, O -automated O -analysis O -, O -and O -boiling O -alkaline O -picrate O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Short O -applications O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -ouabain B-Chemical -had O -no O -obvious O -effect O -on O -pH O -( O -i O -) O -and O -did O -not O -alter O -the O -rate O -of O -pH O -( O -i O -) O -recovery O -following O -acidification O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -overshoot O -of O -[ O -Na O -( O -+ O -) O -] O -( O -i O -) O -was O -almost O -completely O -inhibited O -by O -amiloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -chloride B-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -ions O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -intracellular O -pH O -in O -snail O -neurones O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -portions O -of O -human O -vas O -deferens O -responded O -to O -field O -stimulation O -of O -the O -intramural O -nerve O -fibres O -or O -to O -exogenously O -applied O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -with O -rhythmical O -contractions O -of O -both O -longitudinal O -and O -circular O -muscle O -layers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -foreign O -cations O -, O -pH O -and O -pharmacological O -agents O -on O -the O -ionic O -permeability O -of O -an O -excitatory O -glutamate B-Chemical -synapse O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -change O -in O -the O -reversal O -potential O -of O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -current O -was O -observed O -when O -Na O -was O -replaced O -by O -these O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -replacement O -of O -the O -glycinamide O -residue O -with O -either O -the O -glycine B-Chemical -methylamide O -, O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -aminoacetonitrile O -, O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propanone I-Chemical -, O -semicarbazide O -, O -or O -beta O -- O -alaninamide O -residues O -resulted O -in O -a O -loss O -of O -activity O -in O -both O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cyclopentanecarboxylic O -acid O -analogue O -13 O -, O -however O -, O -was O -found O -to O -have O -moderate O -activity O -in O -the O -serotonin B-Chemical -potentiation O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyaluronic O -acid O -: O -a O -double O -- O -helical O -structure O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -at O -low O -pH O -and O -found O -also O -with O -the O -cations O -ammonium B-Chemical -, O -rubidium O -and O -caesium O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -here O -the O -results O -of O -a O -kinetic O -study O -of O -uncoupler O -- O -mediated O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -transport O -across O -bilayer O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -R1 O -DNA O -indicates O -that O -it O -is O -double O -stranded O -and O -possesses O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -7 O -) O -and O -a O -guanine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -plus I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytosine I-Chemical -content O -of O -65 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetohydroxamic O -acid O -, O -a O -potent O -inhibitor O -of O -urease O -, O -has O -been O -administered O -to O -23 O -patients O -with O -staghorn O -renal O -calculi O -and O -urea B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -splitting I-Chemical -urinary O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Clinical O -results O -with O -amoxicillin B-Chemical -tablets O -in O -pediatrics O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -of O -adrenal O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -their O -synthesizing O -enzymes O -during O -ontogenesis O -and O -aging O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenal O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -content O -increased O -rapidly O -over O -the O -first O -17 O -days O -, O -remained O -at O -a O -stable O -level O -until O -the O -120th O -day O -, O -and O -rose O -to O -a O -higher O -level O -after O -200 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -demonstrate O -that O -, O -in O -the O -rat O -, O -during O -development O -there O -is O -a O -gradual O -increase O -of O -adrenal O -weight O -, O -adrenaline B-Chemical -content O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -phenylethanolamine O -- O -N O -- O -methyl O -transferase O -activity O -until O -maturation O -( O -120th O -day O -) O -, O -whereas O -the O -adrenal O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -content O -reaches O -the O -adult O -values O -earlier O -, O -around O -the O -17th O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increased O -adrenal O -catecholamine B-Chemical -levels O -in O -old O -animals O -might O -be O -connected O -with O -a O -higher O -incidence O -of O -cardiovascular O -diseases O -in O -aged O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effects O -of O -kitchen O -salt B-Chemical -and O -beta O -sympatholytics O -on O -the O -course O -of O -blood O -pressure O -in O -the O -hereditary O -, O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rat O -( O -SH O -rats O -, O -Münster O -strain O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -X O -- O -linked O -recessive O -( O -Duchenne O -) O -muscular O -dystrophy O -( O -DMD O -) O -and O -purine B-Chemical -metabolism O -: O -effects O -of O -oral O -allopurinol B-Chemical -and O -adenylate O -. O - -aps B-category -Sublingual O -procaine B-Chemical -adenylate O -was O -also O -briefly O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -support O -the O -above O -view O -of O -DMD O -and O -seem O -to O -indicate O -that O -existing O -purines O -, O -retained O -and O -recycled O -after O -allopurinol B-Chemical -, O -can O -sustain O -such O -improvement O -, O -and O -that O -additional O -adenylate O -is O -unnecessary O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -of O -alkaline O -protease O -and O -the O -formation O -of O -spores O -are O -susceptible O -to O -nitrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -metabolite I-Chemical -and O -catabolite O -repression O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -primary O -transport O -of O -15C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -in O -the O -course O -of O -illumination O -is O -caused O -directly O -by O -electrochemical O -gradient O -( O -i O -) O -whereas O -the O -secondary O -transport O -in O -the O -dark O -involves O -the O -energy O -liberated O -on O -hydrolysis O -of O -ATP O -which O -has O -been O -formed O -in O -the O -process O -of O -photophosphorylation O -( O -II O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incorporation O -of O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -into O -the O -cells O -is O -stimulated O -twofold O -by O -illumination O -for O -a O -long O -time O -under O -physiological O -conditions O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -respiration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -process O -depends O -on O -the O -presence O -of O -ribose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -NADP O -or O -NAD O -, O -and O -is O -linear O -in O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -groups O -of O -anxious O -patients O -were O -treated O -with O -either O -clorazepate O -( O -n O -= O -27 O -, O -15 O -mg O -at O -night O -) O -, O -or O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -n O -= O -27 O -, O -5 O -mg O -three O -times O -a O -day O -) O -, O -and O -the O -anxiolytic O -effects O -of O -the O -treatments O -compared O -during O -a O -22 O -day O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -creA204 O -, O -creB15 O -and O -creC27 O -mutations O -have O -been O -shown O -to O -cause O -carbon B-Chemical -catabolite O -derepression O -of O -acetly O -CoA O -synthase O -and O -isocitrate O -lyase O -in O -Aspergillus O -nidulans O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -recent O -years O -a O -number O -of O -new O -preparations O -from O -the O -group O -of O -antiserotonin O -agents O -( O -including O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -and O -carbazochrome O -) O -as O -well O -as O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -( O -propranolol B-Chemical -) O -and O -clonidine B-Chemical -have O -been O -introduced O -for O -prevention O -of O -migraine O -and O -similar O -headaches O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -were O -blocked O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -unselective O -) O -and O -H O -35 O -/ O -25 O -( O -1 O -- O -( O -p O -- O -tolyl O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -isopropylamino O -- O -1 O -- O -propanol O -, O -beta2 O -- O -selective O -) O -but O -not O -by O -practolol O -( O -beta1 O -- O -selective O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -on O -prolactin O -and O -growth O -hormone O -release O -in O -the O -infant O -rat O -: O -evidence O -for O -different O -neurotransmitter O -mediation O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -2 O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -receptor O -blockers O -, O -methysergide B-Chemical -( O -Meth O -) O -and O -metergoline O -( O -MCE O -) O -, O -markedly O -reduced O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -Prl O -rise O -but O -failed O -to O -alter O -the O -GH O -response O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Blockade O -of O -dopaminergic O -or O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -pimozide O -( O -Pim O -) O -or O -phentolamine B-Chemical -( O -Phent O -) O -, O -respectively O -, O -or O -central O -sympathectomy O -by O -intraventricularly O -( O -i O -. O -vt O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -in O -the O -infant O -rat O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -Prl O -release O -is O -mediated O -via O -the O -brain O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -system O -and O -that O -a O -nonspecific O -activation O -of O -the O -catecholaminergic O -system O -is O -responsible O -for O -the O -GH O -response O -to O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -New O -drugs O -becoming O -available O -as O -medical O -treatments O -of O -peptic O -ulcer O -disease O -, O -viz O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -and O -E O -group O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -analogues O -, O -show O -considerable O -promise O -but O -require O -more O -time O -for O -adequate O -evaluation O -. O - -aps B-category -Gametogenesis O -in O -Plasmodium O -gallinaceum O -involves O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -processes O -and O -requires O -a O -continuous O -supply O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -( O -presumably O -as O -an O -energy O -source O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -of O -sympathetic O -activity O -by O -the O -beta O -- O -blocking O -drug O -, O -as O -demonstrated O -by O -the O -decreased O -electric O -activity O -of O -the O -splanchnic O -nerve O -and O -by O -the O -decreased O -urinary O -catecholamine B-Chemical -reponse O -to O -tilt O -as O -well O -as O -by O -the O -decreased O -levels O -of O -plasma O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -exists O -not O -only O -in O -hypertension O -with O -elevated O -PRA O -but O -also O -in O -hypertension O -with O -normal O -or O -low O -PRA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -electrolytic O -lesions O -of O -dorsal O -raphe O -nucleus O -( O -DRN O -) O -and O -median O -raphe O -nucleus O -( O -MRN O -) O -, O -produced O -with O -two O -methods O -, O -was O -tested O -on O -catalepsy O -produced O -by O -spiperone B-Chemical -, O -pimozide O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -lesion O -of O -DRN O -either O -slightly O -antagonized O -or O -did O -not O -influence O -the O -cataleptogenic O -action O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -30 O -minute O -illumination O -by O -visible O -light O -brought O -about O -a O -stable O -decrease O -in O -the O -NADH O -/ O -NAD O -+ O -NADH O -ratio O -, O -exerting O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -/ O -NADP O -+ O -NADPH B-Chemical -ratio O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -the O -haemoglobin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxygen I-Chemical -dissociation O -curve O -( O -Hb O -- O -O2 O -) O -and O -the O -factors O -which O -influence O -its O -position O -were O -studied O -before O -and O -after O -dialysis O -in O -7 O -patients O -on O -regular O -haemodialysis O -during O -20 O -dialyses O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -spite O -of O -the O -popularity O -of O -high O -calcium B-Chemical -dialysate O -internationally O -, O -most O -centres O -in O -the O -United O -Kingdom O -continue O -to O -use O -a O -dialysate O -calcium B-Chemical -of O -1 O -. O -5 O -to O -1 O -. O -6 O -mmol O -/ O -L O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -new O -histamine B-Chemical -( O -H2 O -) O -blocking O -agents O -should O -be O -evaluated O -in O -these O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -oxidation O -state O -on O -the O -pH O -dependence O -of O -the O -dissolution O -of O -the O -Fe O -( O -4 O -) O -S O -( O -4 O -) O -clusters O -of O -Chromatium O -vinosum O -ferredoxin O -and O -high O -- O -potential O -iron B-Chemical -protein O -( O -HIPIP O -) O -has O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -9 O -- O -AAP O -and O -DAPN O -inhibit O -competitively O -the O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -epinephrine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -[ O -ATP O -pyrophosphate O -- O -lyase O -( O -cyclizing O -) O -, O -EC O -4 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -] O -in O -turkey O -erythrocyte O -membranes O -without O -affecting O -the O -fluoride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stereospecific O -displacement O -of O -9 O -- O -AAP O -from O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -of O -turkey O -erythrocyte O -membranes O -by O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -and O -by O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -epinephrine I-Chemical -can O -be O -detected O -in O -vitro O -using O -front O -- O -face O -fluorescence O -. O - -aps B-category -Serotonin B-Chemical -secretion O -from O -human O -platelets O -, O -stimulated O -either O -by O -thrombin O -or O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -ionophore O -A23187 O -, O -was O -found O -to O -be O -inhibited O -by O -anion O -transport O -blocking O -drugs O -such O -as O -4 O -- O -acetamido O -- O -4 O -' O -- O -isothiocyanostilbene O -- O -2 O -, O -2 O -' O -- O -disulfonic O -acid O -( O -SITS O -) O -, O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -probenecid O -, O -and O -suramin O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -granule O -release O -, O -platelet O -secretion O -was O -insensitive O -to O -chloride B-Chemical -and O -, O -instead O -, O -was O -dependent O -on O -OH O -- O -. O - -aps B-category -Secretion O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -could O -occur O -as O -a O -consequence O -of O -OH O -- O -transport O -and O -osmotic O -lysis O -of O -the O -granule O -- O -plasma O -membrane O -complex O -, O -analogous O -to O -the O -chemiosmotic O -mechanism O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -epinephrine B-Chemical -release O -from O -isolated O -chromaffin O -granules O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phenotype O -of O -pH O -- O -conditional O -mutants O -was O -defined O -on O -medium O -with O -lactose O -as O -the O -sole O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -cholecystokinin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -molecules O -were O -demonstrable O -. O - -aps B-category -Antagonism O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -activated I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -brain O -by O -D O -- O -lysergic O -acid O -diethylamide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adenylate O -cyclase O -is O -linked O -to O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -level O -of O -feeding O -on O -the O -extent O -of O -digestion O -and O -mean O -retention O -time O -of O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -straw O -given O -as O -part O -of O -a O -complete O -diet O -to O -sheep O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -Sindbis O -virus O -infection O -on O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hepatic O -enzymes O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -variables O -influencing O -urinary O -pCO2 O -during O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -and O -water O -loading O -in O -normal O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Molecular O -mechanism O -of O -active O -calcium B-Chemical -transport O -by O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -. O - -aps B-category -Slow O -reacting O -substance O -( O -SRS O -) O -injected O -into O -the O -pulmonary O -artery O -released O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -E O -( O -PGE O -) O -and O -F2alpha O -( O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -) O -and O -the O -15 O -- O -keto O -- O -13 O -, O -14 O -- O -dihydro O -PG O -metabolites O -from O -non O -- O -sensitized O -and O -ovalbumin O -sensitized O -, O -isolated O -, O -perfused O -guinea O -pig O -lungs O -. O - -aps B-category -Passively O -sensitized O -human O -lung O -fragments O -, O -in O -parallel O -to O -guinea O -pig O -lung O -, O -released O -PGE O -, O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -and O -the O -metabolites O -when O -incubated O -with O -SRS O -or O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Epidermal O -reactions O -to O -potassium B-Chemical -dichromate O -in O -media O -with O -various O -pH O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Steroid B-Chemical -hormone O -action O -in O -the O -neuroendocrine O -system O -: O -when O -is O -the O -genome O -involved O -? O - -aps B-category -Do O -bacteria O -mutate O -to O -erythromycin B-Chemical -resistance O -? O - -aps B-category -Slime O -occurred O -after O -growth O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -fructose O -and O -xylose O -, O -with O -glycerol O -best O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -conditions O -which O -arrested O -dikaryotic O -fruit O -- O -body O -morphogenesis O -led O -to O -increased O -slime O -accumulation O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -schematic O -premedication O -cannot O -prevent O -the O -development O -of O -complications O -with O -a O -sufficient O -degree O -of O -certainty O -; O -for O -instance O -, O -in O -certain O -cases O -the O -administration O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -alone O -will O -still O -worsen O -the O -course O -of O -a O -complication O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -140 O -patients O -with O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -diathesis O -have O -been O -treated O -for O -the O -last O -five O -years O -with O -a O -standardized O -mixture O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -citrate B-Chemical -and O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -Uralyt O -U O -) O -together O -with O -forced O -fluid O -intake O -and O -, O -if O -necessary O -, O -the O -addition O -of O -allopurinol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Rat O -brain O -and O -liver O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -activity O -in O -alloxan O -diabetes O -( O -IV O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -synthetase I-Chemical -and O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -of O -the O -2 O -- O -nd O -fraction O -obtained O -from O -rat O -brain O -and O -liver O -are O -very O -much O -higher O -than O -in O -the O -first O -fraction O -and O -are O -not O -considerably O -different O -from O -the O -activities O -observed O -in O -normal O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Mechanisms O -regulating O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -the O -brain O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -comparison O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -synthase I-Chemical -activities O -, O -citrate B-Chemical -levels O -in O -tissues O -and O -14C O -- O -incorporation O -from O -different O -precursors O -into O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -permitted O -us O -to O -establish O -that O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -in O -brain O -was O -more O -intensive O -than O -in O -other O -tissues O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ratio O -of O -adenine O -nucleotides O -plays O -an O -important O -role O -in O -the O -control O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -synthase I-Chemical -activity O -in O -brain O -, O -where O -the O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -control O -is O -not O -as O -significant O -as O -in O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -existance O -of O -an O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -control O -of O -NAD O -- O -ICDH O -activity O -in O -brain O -may O -be O -an O -additional O -mechanism O -for O -the O -regulation O -of O -the O -first O -steps O -of O -energy O -metabolism O -in O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Benorylate O -was O -well O -absorbed O -in O -rabbits O -, O -but O -more O -slowly O -than O -an O -equimolar O -mixture O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -and O -paracetamol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Absorption O -of O -either O -aspirin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -paracetamol I-Chemical -or O -benorylate O -was O -slower O -in O -neonate O -rabbits O -than O -in O -adult O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -biochemical O -mechanisms O -have O -been O -proposed O -as O -causes O -, O -including O -hypersensitivity O -or O -partially O -deneverated O -brain O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -and O -low O -affinity O -of O -the O -offending O -drugs O -for O -brain O -muscarinic O -cholinergic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -characteristic O -relation O -between O -the O -renal O -function O -( O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -) O -and O -the O -change O -of O -the O -pH O -- O -values O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Erythritol O -- O -1 O -- O -d1 O -has O -been O -isolated O -from O -gamma O -- O -irradiated O -aqueous O -oxygenated O -solution O -of O -DNA O -after O -reductions O -with O -NaBD4 O -, O -alkali B-Chemical -and O -phosphatase O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -the O -changes O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -Hb O -A O -induced O -by O -changes O -of O -pH O -are O -due O -to O -the O -modifications O -of O -R O -state O -, O -this O -quaternary O -conformation O -is O -thought O -to O -be O -unchanged O -in O -the O -studied O -of O -R O -state O -, O -this O -quaternary O -conformation O -is O -thought O -to O -be O -unchanged O -in O -the O -studied O -forms O -of O -partially O -oxidized O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -partially O -oxidized O -hemoglobin O -with O -ferric O -hemes O -liganded O -with O -H2O O -asymmetry O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -binding O -curves O -has O -been O -noted O -, O -which O -is O -not O -observed O -in O -forms O -with O -ferric O -hemes O -liganded O -with O -OH O -ot O -CN O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -ending O -a O -continous O -treatment O -with O -thyroxine B-Chemical -the O -average O -dropping O -of O -the O -2 O -, O -3 O -DPG O -level O -was O -0 O -. O -4 O -mumol O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -incubation O -with O -thyroxine B-Chemical -added O -in O -a O -concentration O -of O -- O -chi O -= O -24 O -microgram O -/ O -100 O -ml O -showed O -no O -increase O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -DPG O -, O -pH O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -while O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -acidosis O -and O -increase O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -the O -control O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -abnormality O -and O -hemolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -NADP O -level O -appeared O -to O -be O -dependent O -of O -the O -redox O -- O -state O -of O -NADP O -/ O -NADPH B-Chemical -couple O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -deficiency O -of O -erythrocytes O -in O -the O -GDR O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -gamma O -- O -GT O -levels O -were O -compared O -with O -the O -values O -for O -serum O -bilirubin B-Chemical -, O -transaminases O -( O -GOT O -, O -GPT O -) O -and O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -in O -the O -same O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -gamma O -- O -GT O -proved O -to O -be O -more O -sensitive O -than O -alkaline O -phosphate B-Chemical -as O -an O -index O -of O -cholestasis O -and O -liver O -involvement O -in O -malignancies O -. O - -aps B-category -Tryptophan O -metabolism O -in O -baboons O -: O -effect O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -and O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -significant O -changes O -in O -the O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -baboons O -was O -a O -mean O -sevenfold O -increase O -in O -the O -excretion O -of O -xanthurenic O -acid O -and O -a O -threefold O -decrease O -in O -3 O -- O -hydroxy O -anthranilic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Red O -blood O -- O -cell O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -decreased O -only O -in O -the O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -baboons O -, O -while O -plasma O -11 O -- O -hydroxy O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -increased O -only O -in O -the O -riboflavin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -baboons O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -determination O -of O -free O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -depends O -on O -several O -analytical O -well O -checked O -points O -e O -. O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -function O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -108 I-Chemical -on O -lysozyme O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -explain O -this O -discrepancy O -, O -lysozyme O -has O -been O -modified O -with O -2 O -- O -nitro O -- O -4 O -- O -carboxyphenylsulfenyl O -chloride B-Chemical -( O -NCPS O -- O -Cl O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -T O -antigen O -synthesis O -and O -resistance O -to O -interferon B-Chemical -in O -human O -adenovirus O -type O -12 O -infected O -chick O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -CEC O -infected O -with O -adenovirus O -12 O -produced O -interferon B-Chemical -and O -T O -antigen O -, O -both O -appearing O -early O -and O -at O -about O -the O -same O -time O -of O -infection O -Exogenous O -chick O -interferon B-Chemical -had O -no O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -the O -formation O -of O -T O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -L O -- O -929 O -cells O -were O -studied O -under O -the O -scanning O -electron O -microscope O -( O -SEM O -) O -in O -the O -course O -of O -reovirus O -infection O -with O -and O -without O -prior O -interferon B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Interferon B-Chemical -production O -in O -the O -lungs O -of O -mice O -with O -GVHR O -was O -similar O -to O -that O -in O -the O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Inoculation O -of O -mice O -and O -L O -and O -human O -embryonic O -lung O -( O -HEL O -) O -cell O -cultures O -with O -Mycoplasma O -pneumoniae O -failed O -to O -induce O -the O -production O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ability O -of O -human O -polymorhonuclear O -blood O -cells O -to O -produce O -interferon B-Chemical -after O -induction O -with O -phage O -double O -- O -stranded O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -the O -conditions O -used O -, O -interferon B-Chemical -was O -produced O -not O -only O -by O -lymphocytes O -but O -also O -by O -polymorphs O -and O -monocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -involvement O -of O -polymorphs O -in O -the O -production O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -induced O -by O -phage O -ds O -RNA O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -serum O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -levels O -in O -patients O -receiving O -ascorbic O -acid O -in O -megadoses O -: O -studies O -concerning O -the O -effect O -of O -ascorbate O -on O -radioisotope O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -data O -have O -been O -obtained O -for O -human O -hemoglobin O -isotonic O -solutions O -at O -different O -protein O -concentrations O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -various O -amounts O -of O -each O -of O -the O -cofactors O -which O -are O -known O -to O -affect O -hemoglobin O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -in O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -clinically O -meaningful O -change O -in O -variability O -has O -been O -observed O -following O -low O -- O -dose O -administration O -of O -Demerol O -, O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -Nisentil O -, O -Phenergan O -, O -and O -Vistaril O -. O - -aps B-category -Aerobic O -glycolysis O -in O -bone O -: O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -production O -by O -rat O -calvaria O -cells O -in O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -cells O -drastically O -decreased O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -when O -the O -pH O -in O -the O -culture O -medium O -was O -lowered O -, O -changing O -from O -100 O -to O -20 O -percent O -for O -a O -pH O -shift O -from O -7 O -. O -4 O -to O -6 O -. O -75 O -. O - -aps B-category -Parathyroid O -hormone O -( O -PTH O -) O -( O -820 O -U O -/ O -mg O -) O -at O -a O -concentration O -ranging O -from O -0 O -. O -2 O -to O -5 O -. O -0 O -U O -/ O -ml O -stimulated O -slightly O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -in O -a O -log O -- O -linear O -response O -, O -the O -ratio O -treated O -over O -control O -changing O -from O -1 O -. O -1 O -to O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Baboons O -anesthetized O -with O -halothane B-Chemical -and O -N2O O -/ O -O2 O -were O -given O -an O -intravenous O -steroid B-Chemical -anesthetic O -( O -Althesin B-Chemical -; O -Glaxo O -Laboratories O -Ltd O -. O -, O -U O -. O -K O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -postulated O -link O -between O -the O -effects O -of O -Althesin B-Chemical -on O -CBF O -and O -cerebral O -metabolism O -remains O -to O -be O -elucidated O -but O -is O -probably O -indirect O -, O -involving O -the O -brainstem O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fact O -that O -dopaminergic O -hyperfunction O -induced O -by O -amphetamines B-Chemical -or O -dopa O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -disturbance O -mimicking O -paranoid O -schizophrenia O -lends O -further O -support O -for O -a O -key O -role O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -mental O -functions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -involvement O -of O -other O -amine B-Chemical -, O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -or O -peptide O -transmitters O -in O -schizophrenia O -cannot O -be O -disregarded O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -the O -secretory O -status O -on O -gastric O -mucosal O -tolerance O -to O -aspirin B-Chemical -injury O -was O -assessed O -in O -a O -canine O -ex O -vivo O -model O -, O -which O -provided O -two O -segments O -of O -mucosa O -supplied O -by O -a O -single O -vascular O -pedicle O -in O -the O -same O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Exposure O -of O -both O -mucosae O -to O -20 O -mM O -aspirin B-Chemical -for O -30 O -minutes O -resulted O -in O -the O -appearance O -of O -small O -multiple O -superficial O -erosions O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -do O -not O -support O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -acid O -secretion O -and O -accompanying O -increase O -in O -gastric O -mucosal O -blood O -flow O -protects O -the O -stomach O -against O -aspirin B-Chemical -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -following O -the O -fracture O -but O -before O -surgery O -was O -low O -relative O -to O -the O -ages O -of O -the O -patients O -, O -and O -the O -arterial O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -was O -low O -in O -twenty O -- O -five O -out O -of O -twenty O -- O -seven O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -was O -still O -reduced O -up O -to O -5 O -days O -postoperatively O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -hundred O -- O -and O -- O -eighty O -- O -three O -patients O -having O -general O -anaesthesia O -for O -Caesarian O -section O -were O -given O -lorazepam B-Chemical -or O -diazepam B-Chemical -intravenously O -immediately O -following O -delivery O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -secrete O -a O -variety O -of O -amine B-Chemical -and O -peptide O -hormones O -and O -have O -common O -cytochemical O -characteristics O -from O -which O -the O -term O -APUD O -cell O -is O -derived O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Morphokinetic O -reactions O -in O -the O -thyroid O -, O -parathyroid O -, O -and O -tracheal O -glands O -of O -the O -albino O -rat O -after O -anaesthesia O -with O -thiobutabarbitone O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -diethyl O -ether B-Chemical -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -ether B-Chemical -exerts O -its O -depressant O -influence O -mainly O -by O -direct O -action O -on O -the O -function O -of O -the O -follicular O -cells O -of O -the O -thyroid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -highly O -significant O -increase O -of O -nuclear O -volume O -in O -the O -tracheal O -glands O -during O -ether B-Chemical -narcosis O -is O -referred O -to O -the O -mucous O -secretion O -activating O -stimulus O -of O -ether B-Chemical -vapors O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemodynamic O -factors O -and O -indirect O -assessment O -of O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -in O -the O -therapy O -of O -angina O -pectoris O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Study O -of O -E O -. O -coli O -penicillin B-Chemical -amidase O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -data O -obtained O -and O -published O -earlier O -it O -was O -concluded O -that O -the O -enzyme O -inactivation O -proceeded O -in O -accordance O -with O -the O -scheme O -in O -which O -out O -of O -3 O -equilibrium O -ionic O -forms O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -amidase O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -According O -to O -this O -mechanism O -, O -destruction O -of O -the O -salt B-Chemical -bridge O -in O -the O -native O -structure O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -amidase O -resulted O -in O -production O -of O -extremely O -labile O -forms O -of O -the O -enzyme O -as O -compared O -to O -the O -native O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -binding O -protein O -from O -mouse O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Asymmetric O -distribution O -of O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -subunits O -in O -the O -cytoplasmic O -membrane O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -: O -evidence O -derived O -from O -surface O -labeling O -studies O -with O -transglutaminase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -serotonergic O -component O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -supplied O -at O -relatively O -high O -concentrations O -, O -ammonia B-Chemical -can O -be O -used O -as O -the O -sole O -N O -source O -for O -growth O -of O -such O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phenotype O -of O -W11 O -( O -Nit O -- O -; O -defective O -in O -N O -metabolism O -) O -appears O -to O -result O -from O -loss O -of O -ability O -to O -grow O -using O -low O -concentrations O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -( O -supplied O -externally O -or O -generated O -in O -vivo O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -low O -iron B-Chemical -( O -III O -) O -- O -concentrations O -( O -less O -than O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -the O -fungus O -Aspergillus O -viridi O -- O -nutans O -Ducker O -& O -amp O -; O -Thrower O -excretes O -desferri O -- O -ferricrocin O -as O -the O -main O -sideramine O -into O -the O -culture O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -different O -feeding O -regimens O -were O -used O -in O -response O -to O -changes O -of O -pH O -or O -to O -changes O -of O -partial O -pressure O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -in O -the O -submerged O -culture O -: O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -/ O -urea B-Chemical -or O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -/ O -ammonium B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -additions O -regulated O -these O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -monomer O -molecular O -weight O -was O -44 O -000 O -, O -as O -estimated O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -of O -Anabaena O -sp O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -transition O -is O -prevented O -by O -a O -substrate O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -and O -also O -by O -glutamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -equilibrium O -state O -between O -different O -forms O -of O -the O -enzyme O -is O -also O -strongly O -dependent O -on O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Afterwards O -, O -asynchronous O -divisions O -newly O -occur O -and O -lead B-Chemical -to O -generally O -larger O -autospores O -. O - -aps B-category -Recoveries O -of O -about O -30 O -% O -of O -biological O -activity O -with O -fold O -- O -purification O -up O -to O -38 O -, O -as O -measured O -by O -radioactive O -sulphate O -uptake O -in O -the O -chick O -pelvic O -cartilage O -assay O -, O -were O -higher O -than O -those O -obtained O -using O -acid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethanol I-Chemical -extraction O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -excretion O -significantly O -increased O -only O -in O -( O -I O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -GLUD O -) O -as O -a O -reagent O -in O -staining O -mixtures O -to O -detect O -the O -isozymes O -of O -enzymes O -which O -catalyze O -the O -production O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -has O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -N O -- O -Bromosuccinimide O -completely O -inactivated O -the O -cellulase O -, O -and O -titration O -experiments O -showed O -that O -oxidation O -of O -one O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residue O -per O -cellulase O -molecule O -coincided O -with O -100 O -% O -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -cellulase O -activity O -by O -the O -metal O -ions O -Ag O -+ O -and O -Hg2 O -+ O -was O -ascribed O -to O -interaction O -with O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -, O -rather O -than O -with O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -strain O -of O -the O -fungus O -Fusarium O -solani O -able O -to O -use O -benzonitrile O -as O -sole O -source O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -was O -isolated O -by O -elective O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -Cell O -- O -free O -extracts O -of O -benzonitrile O -- O -grown O -cells O -contain O -an O -enzyme O -mediating O -the O -conversion O -of O -benzonitrile O -into O -benzoate O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -susceptible O -to O -inhibition O -by O -thiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -reagents O -and O -certain O -heavy O -metal O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -workers O -have O -supposed O -the O -enzyme O -to O -follow O -Michaelis O -- O -Menten O -kinetics O -, O -and O -it O -is O -shown O -that O -this O -assumption O -is O -approximately O -true O -at O -low O -temperatures O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Benzofuroxan O -as O -a O -thiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -reactivity O -probe O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -characteristics O -of O -benzofuroxan O -( O -benzofurazan O -1 O -- O -oxide O -, O -benzo O -- O -2 O -- O -oxa O -- O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -diazole O -N O -- O -oxide O -) O -that O -relate O -to O -its O -application O -as O -a O -reactivity O -probe O -for O -the O -study O -of O -environments O -of O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -different O -types O -of O -environment O -that O -proteins O -can O -provide O -on O -the O -kinetic O -characteristics O -of O -reactions O -of O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -with O -benzofuroxan O -are O -delineated O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -species O -dependence O -and O -in O -the O -vitro O -influence O -of O -NEM O -, O -coppor O -, O -and O -PH O -. O - -aps B-category -Translation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -mRNA O -in O -a O -modified O -reticulocyte O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Widespread O -occurrence O -of O -specific O -, O -high O -affinity O -binding O -sites O -for O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -High O -pK O -value O -of O -the O -N O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -group O -of O -the O -gamma O -- O -chain O -causes O -low O -CO2 O -binding O -of O -human O -fetal O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -between O -adenosine B-Chemical -and O -catecholamines B-Chemical -on O -cyclic O -AMP O -accumulation O -in O -guinea O -pig O -ventricular O -myocardium O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -to O -the O -agarose O -phase O -of O -a O -plaque O -- O -forming O -cell O -( O -PFC O -) O -assay O -for O -rheumatoid O -factor O -( O -RF O -) O -caused O -reduction O -in O -the O -number O -of O -plaques O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -propranolol B-Chemical -was O -tested O -in O -the O -agarose O -in O -an O -anti O -- O -sheep O -erythrocyte O -( O -SRC O -) O -plaque O -assay O -( O -anti O -- O -SRC O -PFC O -) O -, O -it O -had O -no O -inhibitory O -effect O -, O -but O -it O -was O -capable O -of O -inhibiting O -the O -generation O -of O -new O -anti O -- O -SRC O -PFC O -in O -an O -in O -vitro O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -a O -new O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agent O -, O -carteolol B-Chemical -( O -OPC O -- O -1085 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Bupranolol O -( O -10 O -- O -- O -100 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -) O -reduced O -basal O -PRA O -and O -inhibited O -the O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -dihydralazine O -induced O -increase O -of O -PRA O -in O -a O -dose O -dependent O -fashion O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -halopredone O -acetate O -on O -rat O -liver O -tryptophan B-Chemical -oxygenase O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -new O -steroid B-Chemical -, O -when O -present O -in O -the O -implanted O -cotton O -- O -pellets O -or O -when O -s O -. O -c O -. O -injected O -, O -unlike O -the O -reference O -compound O -, O -fluocinolone B-Chemical -acetonide I-Chemical -, O -which O -induced O -a O -large O -increase O -in O -both O -enzymes O -, O -did O -not O -modify O -either O -tryptophan B-Chemical -oxygenase O -or O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -Camazepam O -, O -a O -dimethylcarbamic O -derivative O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -, O -was O -studied O -on O -forty O -geriatric O -in O -- O -patients O -suffering O -from O -psychic O -disorders O -concerning O -anxiety O -and O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -comparison O -was O -based O -upon O -the O -ability O -of O -the O -compounds O -to O -potentiate O -the O -behavioral O -effects O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -in O -mide O -and O -to O -antagonize O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -catalepsy O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -of O -the O -synthetic O -analogues O -antagonized O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -after O -a O -single O -dose O -although O -their O -potency O -and O -their O -duration O -of O -action O -differed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -the O -factor O -that O -inhibits O -the O -release O -of O -melanocyte O -stimulating O -hormone O -( O -MSH O -) O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -L O -- O -prolyl O -- O -L O -- O -leucyl O -- O -glycinamide O -( O -MIF O -) O -, O -and O -L O -- O -prolyl O -- O -N O -- O -methyl O -- O -D O -- O -leucyl O -- O -glycinamide O -, O -an O -analog O -, O -on O -brain O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -turnover O -was O -examined O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -analog O -, O -like O -MIF O -, O -exerts O -effects O -on O -central O -catecholamine B-Chemical -turnover O -. O - -aps B-category -Diphenylhydantoin O -( O -DPH O -) O -( O -20 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -to O -80 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -/ O -kg O -) O -blocked O -the O -depressor O -responses O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -in O -spinal O -, O -bilaterally O -vagotomized O -and O -atropine B-Chemical -pretreated O -cats O -; O -depressor O -responses O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -were O -unaffected O -; O -DPH O -shifted O -the O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -concentration O -- O -response O -curve O -to O -the O -right O -in O -isolated O -guinea O -pig O -tracheal O -chain O -preparation O -, O -isolated O -rabbit O -ileum O -and O -isolated O -perfused O -heart O -of O -frog O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agent O -1 O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -acetoxy O -- O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -5 O -- O -trimethylphenyloxy O -) O -- O -3 O -- O -isopropylamino O -- O -propan O -- O -2 O -- O -ol O -( O -metipranolol O -) O -was O -compared O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -were O -required O -to O -produce O -the O -same O -inhibition O -: O -410 O -propranolol B-Chemical -; O -160 O -metipranolol O -; O -130 O -pindolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -whereas O -propranolol B-Chemical -caused O -less O -than O -20 O -% O -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -ca O -. O - -aps B-category -and O -least O -with O -metipranolol O -( O -1 O -. O -68 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -with O -pindolol B-Chemical -occupying O -an O -intermediate O -position O -( O -1 O -. O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -liberation O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -, O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -and O -first O -of O -all O -, O -cholinergic O -reactions O -, O -seem O -to O -be O -involved O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacokinetic O -studies O -of O -carteolol B-Chemical -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -plasma O -half O -- O -lives O -of O -carteolol B-Chemical -at O -single O -doses O -of O -10 O -, O -15 O -and O -30 O -mg O -were O -5 O -. O -4 O -, O -5 O -. O -5 O -and O -5 O -. O -0 O -h O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -half O -- O -lives O -obtained O -by O -the O -Sigmaminus O -method O -were O -5 O -. O -6 O -, O -5 O -. O -6 O -and O -5 O -. O -4 O -h O -, O -respectively O -, O -being O -essentially O -consistent O -with O -the O -aforementioned O -plasma O -half O -- O -lives O -of O -carteolol B-Chemical -after O -administration O -at O -15 O -mg O -daily O -for O -7 O -successive O -days O -were O -determined O -to O -be O -5 O -. O -54 O -h O -on O -the O -1st O -day O -and O -6 O -. O -91 O -h O -on O -the O -7th O -day O -, O -displaying O -the O -increase O -in O -half O -- O -life O -value O -with O -the O -repetitive O -dosing O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -7 O -- O -day O -repetitive O -administration O -with O -carteolol B-Chemical -brought O -about O -the O -steady O -state O -of O -plasma O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Bioavailability O -from O -various O -galenic O -formulations O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -For O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -suppositories O -the O -bioavailability O -was O -found O -to O -be O -about O -50 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Inactivation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -tissue O -extracts O -from O -guinea O -pig O -liver O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Gamma O -- O -glutamyltranspeptidase O -activity O -in O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -cholestasis O -in O -the O -rat O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effects O -of O -monensin O -sodium B-Chemical -on O -the O -pH O -and O -on O -the O -concentration O -of O -volatile O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -of O -the O -ruminal O -fluid O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -postulated O -that O -the O -degree O -of O -hypoventilation O -encountered O -was O -a O -normal O -response O -and O -that O -a O -fall O -in O -intracellular O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -was O -responsible O -for O -the O -hypoventilation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -renal O -response O -in O -this O -condition O -is O -responsible O -for O -maintaining O -the O -alkalosis O -and O -seems O -to O -be O -aimed O -at O -sodium B-Chemical -conservation O -and O -hence O -plasma O -volume O -control O -rather O -than O -defence O -of O -acid O -- O -base O -balance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -31P O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -( O -NMR O -) O -spectra O -of O -the O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -thio O -analogues O -, O -AMPS O -, O -ADPalphaS O -, O -ADPbetaS O -, O -ATPalphaS O -, O -ATPbetaS O -, O -and O -ATPgammaS O -, O -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -difficulty O -involved O -in O -assigning O -phosphate B-Chemical -ligands O -of O -Mg O -in O -MgADP O -and O -MgATP O -and O -their O -analogues O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -magnitude O -of O -chemical O -shift O -changes O -( O -deltadelta O -) O -induced O -by O -Mg O -binding O -upon O -each O -31P O -is O -discussed O -in O -the O -context O -of O -the O -anomalies O -in O -deltadelta O -of O -each O -31P O -observed O -upon O -protonation O -of O -the O -terminal O -phosphate B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Highly O -purified O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -: O -FMN O -oxidoreductases O -from O -Beneckea O -harveyi O -have O -been O -characterized O -with O -regard O -to O -kinetic O -parameters O -, O -association O -with O -luciferase O -, O -activity O -with O -artificial O -electron O -acceptors O -, O -and O -the O -effects O -of O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -consistent O -with O -the O -formation O -of O -a O -reduced O -enzyme O -as O -an O -intermediate O -in O -the O -reaction O -of O -catalyzed O -by O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -: O -FMN O -oxidoreductase O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -proton I-Chemical -antiport O -in O -isolated O -membrane O -vesicles O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -an O -endonuclease O -which O -hydrolyzes O -native O -, O -double O -- O -stranded O -DNA O -about O -3 O -to O -4 O -times O -faster O -than O -thermally O -denatured O -DNA O -to O -produce O -5 O -' O -- O -phosphoryl O -- O -and O -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -hydroxyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -terminated I-Chemical -oligonucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -hydrolyzes O -DNA O -to O -penta O -or O -hexanucleotides O -, O -on O -the O -average O -, O -bearing O -the O -monoesterified O -phosphate B-Chemical -at O -the O -3 O -' O -- O -position O -. O - -aps B-category -Primary O -amines B-Chemical -served O -as O -substrates O -, O -but O -secondary O -and O -tertiary O -amines B-Chemical -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -inhibited O -by O -carbonyl O -reagents O -, O -cuprizone O -and O -HgCl2 O -but O -not O -by O -other O -chelators O -or O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -reagents O -. O - -aps B-category -Methylenetetrahydrofolate O -dehydrogenase O -( O -5 O -, O -10 O -- O -methylenetetrahydrofolate O -: O -NADP O -+ O -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -5 O -. O -1 O -. O -5 O -) O -one O -of O -the O -activities O -of O -a O -trifunctional O -folate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -enzyme O -from O -porcine O -liver O -, O -uses O -an O -ordered O -kinetic O -mechannism O -as O -determined O -from O -initial O -velocity O -, O -product O -inhibition O -and O -dead O -- O -end O -inhibition O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -the O -multiple O -forms O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -( O -( O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -) O -- O -peptide O -: O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -. O -2 O -) O -in O -normal O -human O -liver O -, O -bile O -and O -serum O -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subunit O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -glycogen O -synthase O -was O -determined O -by O -electrophoresis O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -to O -be O -88 O -000 O -- O -- O -90 O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -form O -of O -the O -N O -. O -crassa O -glycogen O -synthase O -can O -exist O -as O -trimer O -of O -the O -subunit O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -shown O -to O -catalyze O -transfer O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -from O -UDPglucose O -to O -glycogen O -as O -well O -as O -to O -its O -phosphorylase O -limit O -dextrin O -, O -but O -not O -to O -its O -beta O -- O -amylase O -limit O -dextrin O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -- O -Aminobutyrate O -- O -transaminase O -( O -4 O -- O -aminobutyrate O -: O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -transferase I-Chemical -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -19 O -) O -from O -pig O -liver O -has O -been O -purified O -to O -electrophoretic O -homogeneity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -requires O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -divalent O -cation O -, O -preferably O -Mg2 O -+ O -or O -Mn2 O -+ O -and O -is O -sensitive O -to O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purification O -involved O -the O -use O -of O -affinity O -chromatography O -with O -an O -8 O -- O -( O -6 O -- O -aminohexyl O -) O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ATP I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Sepharose I-Chemical -column O -and O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -isozymes O -are O -monomeric O -as O -determined O -by O -gel O -filtration O -chromatography O -and O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -sulfotranferase O -from O -rat O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -split O -the O -Pro7 O -- O -Lys8 O -bonds O -in O -both O -native O -and O -oxidised O -lysine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -vasopressin I-Chemical -and O -the O -Ser11 O -- O -Lys12 O -bond O -in O -glucagon O -. O - -aps B-category -Lysine O -, O -S O -- O -2 O -- O -aminoethylcysteine O -and O -short O -chain O -aliphatic O -amines B-Chemical -also O -proved O -to O -be O -relatively O -good O -inhibitors O -of O -A O -. O -mellea O -protease O -while O -arginine O -was O -a O -poor O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -formation O -from O -tetradecapeptide O -was O -30 O -000 O -times O -higher O -than O -that O -from O -sheep O -angiotensinogen O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -proteins O -were O -present O -in O -a O -buffer O -extract O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dithiothreitol I-Chemical -extract O -and O -NaOH B-Chemical -extract O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -was O -similar O -to O -, O -although O -not O -identical O -with O -, O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -alpha O -- O -keratin O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -two O -classes O -of O -essential O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -, O -resulting O -in O -complete O -inhibition O -of O -( O -Na O -+ O -+ O -K O -+ O -) O -- O -ATPase O -activity O -, O -leads O -to O -modification O -of O -26 O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -, O -whereas O -treatment O -with O -5 O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -dithiobis O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -nitrobenzoic O -acid O -) O -results O -in O -modification O -of O -12 O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -under O -the O -same O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -indicate O -the O -existence O -of O -at O -least O -two O -classes O -of O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -on O -the O -enzyme O -, O -each O -containing O -at O -least O -one O -vital O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -circular O -dichroism O -study O -of O -the O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -fragments O -of O -soybean O -trypsin O -inhibitor O -( O -Kunitz O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -structural O -transition O -occurs O -also O -in O -alkali B-Chemical -above O -pH O -10 O -, O -which O -has O -been O -detected O -by O -the O -same O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -supplied O -with O -excess O -ammonium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -newly O -fixed O -NH O -+ O -4 O -is O -in O -equiblibrium O -with O -the O -medium O -, O -from O -where O -it O -is O -assimilated O -by O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -/ O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -Relative O -adenylylation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -was O -conveniently O -measured O -in O -cell O -free O -extracts O -as O -the O -ratio O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transferase O -activities O -without O -and O -with O -addition O -of O -60 O -mM O -Mg2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenylylation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -repression O -of O -nitrogenase O -activity O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -excess O -NH O -+ O -4 O -, O -were O -masked O -when O -oxygen B-Chemical -strongly O -limited O -culture O -yield O -. O - -aps B-category -Decreased O -oxygen B-Chemical -supply O -produced O -a O -rapid O -decline O -in O -relative O -adenylylation O -, O -followed O -by O -increased O -nitrogenase O -activity O -, O -supporting O -the O -concept O -that O -control O -of O -nitrogenase O -synthesis O -is O -modulated O -by O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -adenylylation O -in O -these O -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -and O -decomposition O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -esters O -of O -5 O -' O -- O -AMP O -by O -rat O -liver O -plasma O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Action O -of O -a O -psychotropic O -drug O -( O -dipotassium O -chlorazepate O -) O -on O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -tryptophan B-Chemical -complex O -and O -13 O -000 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1000 O -M O -- O -1 O -and O -- O -- O -10 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -kcal O -/ O -mol O -for O -human O -serum O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -Interactions O -between O -chondroitin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -and O -concanavalin O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -Concanavalin O -A O -( O -500 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -) O -reacted O -only O -within O -a O -relatively O -narrow O -concentration O -range O -of O -chondroitin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -( O -optimally O -between O -5 O -and O -50 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -) O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -4 O -in O -0 O -. O -05 O -M O -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -precipitating O -complexes O -formed O -between O -concanavalin O -A O -and O -the O -glycosaminoglycans O -at O -these O -concentrations O -in O -physiological O -salt B-Chemical -solutions O -( O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nature O -of O -the O -conversion O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -( O -T4 O -) O -to O -triiodothyronine O -( O -T3 O -) O -and O -reverse O -triiodothyronine O -( O -rT3 O -) O -was O -investigated O -in O -rat O -liver O -homogenate O -and O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Rabbit O -reticulocyte O -incorporation O -of O -iron B-Chemical -from O -rabbit O -transferrin O -was O -independent O -of O -transferrin O -iron B-Chemical -saturation O -but O -uptake O -from O -human O -transferrin O -was O -saturation O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -proteins O -also O -differ O -in O -their O -acid O -- O -base O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interactions O -of O -gallium O -with O -various O -buffers O -and O -chelating O -agents O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -: O -gallium O -- O -71 O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -NMR O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -complex O -, O -there O -are O -probably O -three O -lactates O -per O -gallium O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -and O -spectral O -characterization O -of O -Cu O -( O -II O -) O -- O -poly O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ornithine I-Chemical -) O -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -in O -the O -case O -of O -Cu O -( O -II O -) O -- O -poly O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -) O -complexes O -studied O -previously O -, O -two O -types O -of O -compounds O -have O -been O -detected O -, O -labeled O -complexes O -I O -and O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -Complex O -II O -, O -two O -amine B-Chemical -and O -two O -amide O -nitrogens O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -amine B-Chemical -and O -amide O -nitrogen B-Chemical -coordination O -to O -the O -copper B-Chemical -are O -characterized O -by O -charge O -transfer O -transitions O -at O -250 O -and O -320 O -nm O -respectively O -which O -were O -already O -identified O -in O -Cu O -( O -II O -) O -- O -poly O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -) O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -the O -temperature O -range O -of O -20 O -- O -37 O -degrees O -C O -the O -kinetics O -of O -the O -demethylation O -reactions O -of O -a O -variety O -of O -amines B-Chemical -with O -participation O -of O -hepatic O -microsomal O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -O2 O -has O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fluoride B-Chemical -inhibition O -pattern O -for O -inorganic O -pyrophosphatase O -from O -brewer O -' O -s O -yeast O -is O -similar O -to O -that O -for O -the O -baker O -' O -s O -yeast O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -pentagastrin O -the O -values O -of O -the O -theoretical O -acid O -[ O -H O -+ O -] O -O O -and O -chloride B-Chemical -[ O -Cl O -- O -] O -O O -concentration O -of O -the O -parietal O -secretion O -for O -a O -zero O -value O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -from O -the O -relationships O -H O -+ O -= O -f O -( O -[ O -Na O -+ O -] O -) O -and O -Cl O -- O -= O -f O -( O -[ O -Na O -+ O -] O -) O -were O -calculated O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -proteases O -in O -the O -immobilized O -state O -were O -more O -stable O -than O -those O -in O -the O -free O -state O -at O -60 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Other O -peptide O -hydrolases O -, O -beta O -- O -galactosidase O -, O -invertase O -, O -and O -glucoamylase O -, O -were O -successfully O -immobilized O -with O -high O -activities O -, O -but O -lipase O -, O -hexokinase O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -and O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -became O -inactive O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protection O -of O -erythrocytes O -from O -hemolysis O -by O -drugs O -containing O -tertiary O -nitrogen B-Chemical -was O -greater O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -Histamine B-Chemical -produced O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -contraction O -of O -the O -isolated O -portal O -vein O -of O -the O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -The O -response O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -blocked O -by O -H1 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -only O -when O -the O -blocking O -agent O -was O -used O -in O -very O -high O -concentrations O -, O -and O -was O -not O -antagonized O -by O -the O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -blocking O -agent O -, O -metiamide O -, O -H1 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -did O -not O -block O -the O -effects O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -Desensitization O -to O -high O -doses O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -caused O -a O -concomitant O -depression O -in O -the O -response O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -but O -not O -to O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -or O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Release O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -from O -cat O -spleen O -slices O -by O -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -Phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -clonidine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -to O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -) O -did O -not O -significantly O -modify O -the O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -evoked I-Chemical -NA O -release O -; O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -decreased O -it O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -increased O -the O -NA O -release O -by O -about O -30 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -in O -vitro O -comparison O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -stimulants O -on O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -depolarized I-Chemical -uterine O -preparations O -from O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -potency O -values O -( O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -= O -100 O -) O -on O -the O -K O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -depolarized O -preparation O -were O -fenoterol O -74 O -. O -1 O -, O -salbutamol B-Chemical -15 O -. O -1 O -, O -rimiterol O -13 O -. O -5 O -, O -terbutaline B-Chemical -8 O -. O -2 O -and O -orciprenaline B-Chemical -5 O -. O -6 O -. O -4 O -The O -relative O -potency O -values O -obtained O -on O -uterine O -preparations O -were O -less O -than O -three O -- O -fold O -different O -from O -those O -previously O -found O -for O -guinea O -- O -pig O -trachea O -( O -after O -inhibition O -of O -extraneuronal O -uptake O -) O -. O -5 O -The O -pA O -( O -2 O -) O -value O -for O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -the O -K O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -depolarized O -uterine O -preparations O -was O -9 O -. O -13 O -. O -6 O -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -K O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -depolarized O -guinea O -- O -pig O -uterine O -preparation O -can O -be O -used O -for O -quantitative O -studies O -on O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -stimulant O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -content O -and O -neutralising O -capacity O -of O -some O -commonly O -used O -antacids O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -cyclic O -nucleotides O -in O -NGF O -- O -mediated O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -rat O -sympathetic O -ganglia O -and O -adrenal O -medulla O -. O - -aps B-category -Histopathology O -of O -veins O -after O -intravenous O -lorazepam B-Chemical -and O -RO O -21 O -- O -3981 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -appears O -that O -propylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -may O -play O -a O -role O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -the O -intravascular O -injury O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Detection O -and O -prevalence O -of O -pneumococci O -with O -increased O -resistance O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Strains O -were O -considered O -to O -be O -relatively O -resistant O -if O -the O -minimum O -inhibitory O -concentration O -( O -MIC O -) O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -was O -0 O -. O -16 O -microgram O -( O -0 O -. O -26 O -U O -) O -/ O -mL O -or O -more O -, O -which O -is O -eight O -or O -more O -times O -greater O -than O -the O -MIC O -for O -fully O -susceptible O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -Pneumococci O -resistant O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -may O -readily O -be O -detected O -by O -the O -narrowness O -or O -absence O -of O -a O -zone O -of O -inhibition O -around O -a O -1 O -- O -microgram O -oxacillin B-Chemical -disc O -in O -susceptibility O -tests O -on O -blood O -agar O -. O - -aps B-category -Loss O -of O -activity O -of O -an O -N1 O -- O -methyl O -- O -4 O -- O -pyridone O -- O -5 O -- O -carboxamide O -- O -forming O -N1 O -- O -methylnicotinamide O -oxidase O -in O -livers O -of O -rats O -fed O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylaminofluorene I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -30 O -- O -fold O -increase O -in O -activity O -relative O -to O -control O -is O -present O -in O -hepatomas O -, O -induced O -by O -either O -2 O -- O -AAF O -or O -diethylnitrosamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -in O -fetal O -hepatocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenothiazines O -such O -as O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -and O -butyrophenones O -such O -as O -triperidol O -were O -prominent O -among O -the O -confirmed O -active O -structural O -types O -. O - -aps B-category -Chages O -in O -external O -pH O -from O -7 O -. O -40 O -to O -6 O -. O -95 O -obtained O -by O -changing O -the O -pCO2 O -of O -the O -medium O -at O -constant O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -produced O -in O -cat O -papillary O -muscles O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -isometric O -tension O -with O -no O -changes O -in O -time O -to O -peak O -tension O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -data O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -regulation O -of O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -levels O -is O -a O -consequence O -of O -a O -changed O -activity O -of O -nucleotide B-Chemical -cyclases O -or O -of O -phosphodiesterases O -, O -but O -this O -is O -presumably O -not O -caused O -by O -a O -changed O -rate O -of O -synthesis O -of O -nucleotide B-Chemical -cyclases O -or O -of O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -neuroepithelial O -bodies O -( O -NEB O -' O -s O -) O -of O -the O -lung O -of O -29 O -- O -day O -- O -old O -fetuses O -and O -1 O -- O -day O -- O -old O -rabbits O -, O -under O -the O -conditions O -of O -this O -study O -, O -neither O -take O -up O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -nor O -undergo O -mitosis O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -maltase O -is O -added O -to O -the O -incubation O -medium O -( O -the O -substrate O -and O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -in O -potassium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -) O -, O -maintained O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -, O -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -original O -substrate O -to O -p O -- O -nitrophenol O -goes O -at O -a O -constant O -rate O -during O -4 O -h O -. O -Under O -optimal O -conditions O -of O -incubation O -, O -the O -Michaelis O -constant O -of O -the O -reaction O -, O -calculated O -by O -the O -Hanes O -method O -, O -was O -2 O -. O -92 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -84 O -( O -SD O -) O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -for O -six O -different O -semen O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -reaction O -conditions O -for O -assaying O -human O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -pyruvate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -to I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -were O -determined O -for O -isoenzymes O -1 O -and O -5 O -at O -25 O -, O -30 O -, O -and O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Three O -of O -the O -nine O -different O -buffers O -examined O -- O -- O -imidazole O -, O -triethanolamine O -, O -and O -N O -- O -tris O -( O -hydroxymethyl O -) O -- O -methyl O -- O -2 O -- O -aminoethane O -sulfonic O -acid O -- O -- O -are O -satisfactory O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -amine B-Chemical -buffer O -for O -the O -pH O -range O -8 O -. O -5 O -to O -10 O -. O -5 O -based O -on O -D O -( O -- O -) O -- O -N O -- O -methylglucamine O -and O -its O -hydrochloride O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fluorogenic O -substrate O -, O -4 O -- O -methylumbelliferyl O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -glucopyranoside O -, O -was O -assayed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -pure O -sodium B-Chemical -taurocholate O -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -) O -and O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -( O -2 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -for O -controls O -, O -Gaucher O -disease O -carriers O -and O -Gaucher O -disease O -patients O -was O -5 O -. O -4 O -using O -citrate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -in O -laboratory O -tests O -predictive O -of O -clinical O -antipsychotic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Antagonistic O -actions O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -on O -color O -changes O -in O -the O -fiddler O -crab O -, O -Uca O -pugilator O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sodium B-Chemical -pump O -activity O -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -sensitivity O -of O -neuronal O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -a O -subcellular O -membrane O -fraction O -of O -anterior O -byssus O -retractor O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Levels O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -, O -creatinine B-Chemical -, O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -ratio O -of O -electrophoretic O -fractions O -and O -the O -MCV O -, O -MCH O -and O -MCHC O -indices O -were O -not O -affected O -even O -by O -6 O -- O -minute O -tourniquet O -applications O -. O - -aps B-category -Those O -most O -commonly O -implicated O -are O -the O -long O -- O -acting O -antipsychotics O -, O -barbiturates O -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -and O -antihypertensive O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -standardized O -laboratory O -model O -ecosystem O -has O -been O -used O -to O -evaluate O -the O -comparative O -behavior O -of O -radiolabeled O -micropollutants O -including O -organochlorine O -, O -organophosphorus B-Chemical -, O -carbamate O -, O -and O -hormone O -- O -mimic O -insecticides O -; O -herbicides O -; O -important O -industrial O -organic O -compounds O -including O -phthalate O -esters O -and O -PCB O -' O -s O -; O -and O -specific O -pollutants O -such O -as O -TCBD O -and O -hexachlorobenzene O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -binding O -to O -fully O -and O -partially O -reduced O -human O -hemoglobin O -valency O -hybrids O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -show O -that O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -and O -7 O -. O -0 O -reduction O -of O -one O -heme O -group O -yields O -a O -species O -which O -reacts O -fast O -with O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -( O -rate O -constant O -of O -the O -order O -of O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -M O -- O -1S O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Therapeutic O -and O -collateral O -effects O -of O -25 O -- O -hydroxycholecalciferol O -in O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -infants O -were O -allocated O -at O -random O -to O -Group O -I O -( O -11 O -infants O -) O -treated O -with O -25HCC O -and O -Group O -II O -( O -9 O -infants O -) O -treated O -with O -vitamin B-Chemical -D3 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -control O -group O -showed O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -plasma O -and O -urine O -calcium B-Chemical -values O -in O -spite O -of O -the O -low O -dose O -of O -25 O -- O -HCC O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -its O -synthesizing O -enzymes O -in O -the O -nucleus O -locus O -ceruleus O -after O -intraventricular O -administration O -of O -colchicine O -and O -vinblastin O -. O - -aps B-category -Melipramine O -( O -5 O -. O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -- O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -) O -is O -shown O -to O -inhibit O -the O -K O -+ O -- O -n O -- O -NFP O -- O -ase O -activity O -, O -competing O -with O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -pharmacological O -substances O -on O -the O -development O -of O -hemorrhagic O -erosions O -and O -on O -the O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -level O -in O -the O -stomach O -wall O -in O -rats O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -animals O -were O -sacrificed O -directly O -after O -stimulation O -and O -the O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -level O -in O -the O -gastric O -wall O -was O -determined O -after O -E O -. O -Sh O -. O - -aps B-category -Atropine B-Chemical -and O -aethimizol O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -findings O -under O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -the O -structure O -of O -liposomal O -membrane O -surface O -layer O -on O -the O -binding O -of O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholesterol B-Chemical -is O -shown O -not O -to O -affect O -the O -binding O -of O -these O -drugs O -with O -liposomes O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -a O -higher O -positive O -charge O -of O -the O -membranes O -the O -binding O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -diminishes O -in O -force O -. O - -aps B-category -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -the O -presynaptic O -control O -of O -adrenergic O -transmitter O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -inhibitory O -action O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -is O -prevented O -by O -muscarinic O -blocking O -agents O -and O -is O -probably O -due O -to O -hyperpolarization O -of O -the O -adrenergic O -nerve O -terminals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -vasodilatation O -caused O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -may O -be O -due O -, O -at O -least O -in O -part O -, O -to O -their O -inhibitory O -action O -on O -adrenergic O -neurotransmission O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -neither O -histamine B-Chemical -nor O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -inhibits O -the O -displacement O -of O -neuronal O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -by O -tyramine O -, O -suggesting O -that O -these O -substances O -interfere O -with O -the O -exocytotic O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -Actions O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -on O -adrenergic O -nerve O -endings O -. O - -aps B-category -Overflow O -of O -adrenergic O -transmitter O -is O -also O -greater O -during O -nerve O -stimulation O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -than O -in O -its O -absence O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -of O -these O -effects O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -facilitation O -of O -release O -and O -increased O -smooth O -muscle O -responsiveness O -, O -appear O -to O -be O -mediated O -by O -angiotensin B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -vasoconstrictor O -responses O -to O -renal O -nerve O -stimulation O -were O -enhanced O -by O -the O -blockade O -of O -PG O -synthesis O -and O -were O -reduced O -by O -stimulation O -of O -PG O -synthesis O -with O -arachidonic O -acid O -, O -this O -suggests O -that O -PGE2 B-Chemical -functions O -as O -an O -inhibitory O -modulator O -of O -the O -adrenergic O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -modulation O -of O -neurotransmitter O -release B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -, O -adenine O -nucleotides O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -hyperosmolarity O -, O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -, O -hyperosmolarity O -, O -and O -acidosis O -also O -depress O -adrenergic O -neurotransmission O -in O -isolated O -veins O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -consisted O -of O -dose O -- O -ranging O -the O -supplementary O -agent O -( O -oxypertine O -30 O -mg O -and O -60 O -mg O -daily O -or O -matching O -placebo O -) O -during O -Week O -2 O -to O -Week O -6 O -having O -established O -all O -patients O -on O -a O -therapeutic O -dose O -of O -imipramine B-Chemical -during O -Week O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -the O -androgen B-Chemical -binding O -protein O -in O -the O -rete O -testis O -fluid O -of O -the O -ram O -and O -its O -relation O -to O -sexual O -season O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -steroid B-Chemical -specificity O -was O -found O -to O -be O -in O -the O -following O -order O -: O -5alpha O -- O -DHT O -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -oestradiol O -- O -17 O -beta O -, O -dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical -5beta O -- O -DHT O -, O -androstenedione O -, O -cyproterone O -, O -cyproterone B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -, O -cortisol B-Chemical -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -ABP O -was O -positively O -correlated O -with O -5alpha O -- O -DHT O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -506 O -; O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -0009 O -) O -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -445 O -; O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -0003 O -) O -, O -total O -protein O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -329 O -; O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -and O -spermatozoa O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -406 O -; O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -006 O -) O -in O -the O -RTF O -and O -with O -blood O -plasma O -testosterone B-Chemical -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -584 O -; O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -0001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -androgens B-Chemical -were O -also O -correlated O -with O -plasma O -testosterone B-Chemical -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -262 O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -052 O -for O -testosterone B-Chemical -in O -RTF O -; O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -341 O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -018 O -for O -5 O -alpha O -- O -DHT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Neurohumoral O -interrelationships O -in O -chronic O -vinyl O -chloride B-Chemical -poisoning O -patients O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Assessment O -of O -the O -plasma O -disappearance O -of O -cholyl O -' O -l14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -as O -a O -test O -of O -hepatocellular O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -hour O -post O -- O -prandial O -plasma O -" O -total O -" O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -concentration O -gave O -complete O -separation O -between O -the O -control O -subjects O -and O -patients O -with O -liver O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -strictly O -aerobic O -yeast O -Candida O -parapsilosis O -transports O -the O -nonmetabolizable O -monosaccharide O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -by O -an O -active O -process O -( O -inhibition O -by O -2 O -. O -4 O -- O -dinitrophenol O -and O -other O -uncouplers O -but O -not O -by O -iodoacetamide O -) O -, O -the O -accumulation O -ratio O -decreasing O -with O -increasing O -substrate O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Tryptophan O -was O -the O -best O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -10 O -mM O -sodium B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -the O -amylase O -activity O -was O -increased O -from O -3 O -. O -51 O -to O -6 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Parallel O -occurrence O -of O -oxidant O -- O -sensitivity O -and O -decreased O -inhibition O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -in O -G O -- O -6 O -- O -PD O -Lublin O -and O -G O -- O -6 O -- O -PD O -Poxnań O -. O - -aps B-category -Ki O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -was O -28 O -micronM O -in O -Gd O -Lublin O -and O -19 O -micronM O -in O -Gd O -Poznań O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -in O -these O -cases O -, O -the O -oxidant O -- O -induced O -hemolysis O -is O -aggravated O -by O -their O -inability O -to O -counteract O -the O -drop O -in O -NADPH B-Chemical -concentration O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -G O -- O -6 O -- O -PD O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Responses O -to O -polyvinyl O -pyrrolidone B-Chemical -and O -pneumococcal O -polysaccharide O -in O -protein O -- O -deficient O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Response O -of O -the O -epididymis O -, O -ductus O -deferens O -& O -amp O -; O -accessory O -glands O -of O -the O -castrated O -prepubertal O -rhesus O -monkey O -to O -exogenous O -administration O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -or O -5alpha O -- O -dihydrotestosterone O -. O - -aps B-category -200 O -or O -800 O -mcg O -of O -either O -steroid B-Chemical -/ O -day O -were O -administered O -for O -60 O -days O -beginning O -on O -the O -day O -after O -castration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -weight O -of O -the O -caput O -epididymides O -however O -, O -was O -unaffected O -by O -testosterone B-Chemical -but O -was O -stimulated O -by O -DHT O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -, O -analyzed O -statistically O -, O -show O -that O -the O -accessory O -organs O -of O -the O -prepubertal O -rhesus O -monkey O -are O -affected O -by O -castration O -and O -vary O -in O -their O -response O -to O -stimulation O -by O -exogenous O -androgens B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -was O -extracted O -with O -0 O -. O -2 O -M O -acetate O -buffer O -( O -pH O -4 O -) O -, O -and O -the O -extracts O -were O -dialyzed O -against O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -buffered I-Chemical -saline O -( O -pH O -7 O -) O -to O -remove O -acetate O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -the O -carbohydrate O -content O -of O -the O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -decreased O -, O -the O -bacteria O -became O -increasingly O -more O -susceptible O -to O -the O -bactericidal O -activity O -of O -all O -granule O -extracts O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -complement O -in O -lethal O -bacterial O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hypotensive O -and O -coagulative O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -asaccharolytic O -and O -fermentative O -B O -. O -melaninogenicus O -strains O -suspended O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -buffered I-Chemical -saline O -adhered O -in O -high O -numbers O -to O -buccal O -epithelial O -cells O -and O -to O -the O -surfaces O -of O -several O -gram O -- O -positive O -bacteria O -tested O -, O -including O -Actinomyces O -viscosus O -, O -A O -. O -naeslundii O -, O -A O -. O -israelii O -, O -Streptococcus O -sanguis O -, O -and O -S O -. O -mitis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -between O -freezing O -of O -human O -sperm O -using O -glycerol O -or O -glycerol O -egg O -- O -yolk O -citrate B-Chemical -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intrauterine O -potential O -as O -measured O -with O -either O -metal O -or O -nonpolarizable O -salt B-Chemical -electrodes O -is O -positive O -at O -the O -fundal O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -cervical O -end O -of O -the O -uterus O -. O - -aps B-category -External O -copper B-Chemical -and O -zinc B-Chemical -wires O -connected O -at O -one O -end O -, O -and O -with O -the O -other O -ends O -in O -contact O -with O -various O -positions O -on O -the O -skin O -of O -rats O -, O -were O -found O -to O -influence O -potential O -gradients O -within O -the O -uterus O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -wire O -was O -wound O -around O -the O -lower O -portion O -of O -the O -stem O -, O -it O -disappeared O -in O -1 O -month O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -series O -of O -animal O -and O -human O -studies O -to O -measure O -the O -intrauterine O -electrochemical O -potential O -, O -using O -both O -polarizable O -and O -nonpolarizable O -electrodes O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -this O -electrochemical O -activity O -on O -IUDs O -containing O -copper B-Chemical -and O -zinc B-Chemical -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -a O -length O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -wire O -was O -wound O -around O -the O -upper O -portion O -of O -the O -stem O -of O -a O -small O -CU O -- O -7 O -200 O -IUD O -, O -it O -took O -about O -1 O -year O -from O -insertion O -for O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -to O -disappear O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -zinc B-Chemical -reduced O -intrauterine O -corrosion O -of O -the O -copper B-Chemical -and O -was O -more O -effective O -when O -in O -the O -lower O -stem O -position O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -may O -also O -be O -due O -to O -polarity O -, O -but O -to O -date O -, O -copper B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -studies O -have O -not O -been O -separated O -from O -polarity O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -both O -antigens O -are O -polydispered O -, O -the O -low O -percentage O -of O -sialic O -acids O -or O -of O -some O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -determined O -might O -have O -antigenic O -significance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -the O -administration O -of O -1 O -- O -ascorbic O -acid O -, O -either O -alone O -or O -combined O -with O -clomiphene B-Chemical -, O -upon O -induction O -of O -human O -ovulation O -was O -investigated O -in O -clomiphene B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inffective I-Chemical -anovulatory O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -Pregnancy O -was O -established O -in O -eight O -out O -of O -18 O -sterile O -, O -habitually O -- O -anovulatory O -or O -first O -- O -grade O -amenorrheic O -women O -with O -the O -combined O -ascorbic O -acid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -clomiphene I-Chemical -therapy O -, O -and O -in O -one O -out O -of O -five O -sterile O -, O -habitually O -anovulatory O -women O -with O -ascorbic O -acid O -therapy O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -administration O -of O -LHRH O -at O -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -b O -. O -i O -. O -d O -. O -, O -from O -days O -6 O -- O -10 O -was O -followed O -by O -daily O -sacrifice O -through O -day O -12 O -; O -bloods O -were O -sampled O -at O -autopsy O -for O -progesterone B-Chemical -evaluation O -. O - -aps B-category -Fetal O -resorption O -continued O -and O -was O -essentially O -complete O -by O -day O -11 O -, O -while O -progesterone B-Chemical -levels O -continued O -depressed O -through O -the O -end O -of O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -was O -sampled O -at O -autopsy O -for O -progesterone B-Chemical -evaluation O -. O - -aps B-category -Fetal O -resorption O -continued O -and O -was O -essentially O -complete O -by O -Day O -11 O -, O -while O -progesterone B-Chemical -levels O -continued O -depressed O -throughout O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Quenching O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -fluorescence O -in O -human O -antithrombin O -III O -by O -iodide O -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -to O -antithrombin O -III O -influences O -the O -number O -of O -solvent O -- O -exposed O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -competitive O -inhibitor O -Na B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzoyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -protects O -the O -enzyme O -from O -photoinactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -peripheral O -and O -central O -neural O -actions O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -on O -normal O -and O -glaucomatous O -eyes O -have O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -increased O -clonidine B-Chemical -dose O -, O -a O -decrease O -of O -intraocular O -pressure O -occurred O -in O -the O -untreated O -eye O -, O -and O -there O -was O -a O -concomitant O -decrease O -of O -systemic O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -are O -consistent O -with O -the O -concept O -that O -both O -the O -peripheral O -and O -central O -ocular O -hypotensive O -actions O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -are O -mediated O -by O -an O -inhibition O -of O -adrenergic O -neurogenic O -vasoconstriction O -in O -the O -eye O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -renal O -acidification O -in O -patients O -with O -urea B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -splitting I-Chemical -organisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Structural O -analysis O -of O -the O -abnormal O -hemoglobin O -indicates O -a O -substitution O -of O -aspartic O -acid O -for O -glycine B-Chemical -at O -position O -29 O -in O -the O -beta O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -at O -acid O -pH O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -the O -variant O -is O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -were O -performed O -to O -determine O -the O -relative O -effects O -of O -a O -net O -extracellular O -- O -to O -- O -intracellular O -HCO3 O -- O -flux O -and O -of O -elevated O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -( O -PCO2 O -) O -on O -cellular O -acid O -- O -base O -regulation O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -all O -power O -outputs O -arterialized O -venous O -lactate B-Chemical -was O -lowest O -in O -acidosis O -and O -highest O -in O -alkalosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -synthesizing I-Chemical -enzymes O -in O -adrenals O -of O -seasonally O -acclimatized O -voles O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenal O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -did O -not O -change O -significantly O -with O -cold O -acclimation O -or O -seasonal O -acclimatization O -. O - -aps B-category -A32390A O -is O -an O -isonitrile O -- O -containing O -derivative O -of O -diacyl O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mannitol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -are O -among O -the O -best O -carbon B-Chemical -sources O -for O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -A32390 O -. O - -aps B-category -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -or O -L O -- O -histidine O -to O -the O -fermentation O -medium O -enhances O -the O -level O -of O -A32390 O -produced O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -degradation O -in O -Escherichia O -coli O -by O -nitrogen B-Chemical -metabolism O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -is O -presented O -indicating O -that O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -acts O -as O -a O -positive O -regulator O -in O -the O -E O -. O -coli O -GABA B-Chemical -control O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -mutations O -resulting O -in O -constitutive O -synthesis O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -GlnC O -) O -restore O -the O -ability O -of O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -- O -less O -mutants O -to O -grow O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -GABA I-Chemical -media O -and O -result O -in O -depressed O -synthesis O -of O -the O -GABA B-Chemical -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Mitochondrial O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -of O -wild O -- O -type O -and O -poky O -Neurospora O -crassa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fact O -that O -membrane O -- O -bound O -, O -cold O -- O -stable O -, O -oligomycin O -- O -sensitive O -ATPase O -activity O -is O -present O -in O -poky O -( O -with O -an O -activity O -of O -1 O -. O -93 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -03 O -mumol O -/ O -min O -- O -mg O -of O -protein O -compared O -with O -1 O -. O -33 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -07 O -mumol O -/ O -min O -- O -mg O -of O -protein O -in O -the O -wild O -- O -type O -strain O -) O -and O -also O -in O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -grown I-Chemical -wild O -- O -type O -cells O -suggests O -that O -products O -of O -mitochondrial O -protein O -synthesis O -play O -only O -a O -limited O -role O -in O -the O -attachment O -of O -the O -mitochondrial O -ATPase O -to O -the O -membrane O -in O -Neurospora O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -ACOAT O -was O -induced O -when O -arginine O -or O -ornithine B-Chemical -was O -present O -in O -the O -medium O -as O -the O -sole O -source O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -or O -nitrogen B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -its O -function O -in O -the O -catabolism O -of O -these O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -best O -amino B-Chemical -acceptor O -was O -2 O -- O -ketoglutarate O -( O -Km O -= O -0 O -. O -7 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -cells O -were O -deprived O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -, O -ACOAT O -escaped O -from O -catabolite O -repression O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -starvation O -on O -the O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -of O -yeast O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -suspension O -of O -cells O -in O -fresh O -medium O -lacking O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -there O -was O -a O -loss O -of O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -restored O -when O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -added O -back O -to O -the O -medium O -, O -and O -this O -recovery O -was O -fully O -prevented O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -NADP O -- O -GDH O -) O -from O -the O -food O -yeast O -Candida O -utilis O -was O -found O -to O -be O -rapidly O -inactivated O -when O -cultures O -were O -starved O -of O -a O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -. O - -aps B-category -Loss O -of O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -irreversible O -since O -the O -reappearance O -of O -enzyme O -activity O -, O -following O -the O -addition O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -starved I-Chemical -cultures O -, O -was O -blocked O -by O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -of O -precipitable O -antigenic O -material O -paralleled O -the O -rapid O -decrease O -of O -enzyme O -activity O -observed O -after O -transition O -of O -cells O -from O -NH O -( O -4 O -) O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -to O -glutamate B-Chemical -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -ethyl O -ester O -or O -N O -- O -( O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dinitrophenyl O -) O -- O -ethylenediamine O -( O -DNP O -- O -EDA O -) O -markedly O -increased O -the O -rate O -of O -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -amines B-Chemical -, O -incorporation O -of O -about O -3 O -mol O -of O -[ O -metho O -- O -14C O -] O -CMC O -per O -protein O -monomer O -was O -observed O -on O -complete O -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -, O -in O -the O -phosphorylase O -- O -catalyzed O -reaction O -, O -an O -essential O -carboxyl O -group O -of O -the O -enzyme O -plays O -a O -role O -in O -the O -protonation O -of O -the O -glucosidic O -oxygen B-Chemical -of O -glucose B-Chemical -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -One O -- O -electron O -and O -two O -- O -electron O -reductions O -of O -acceptors O -by O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -xanthine B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dependence O -of O -the O -rate O -of O -P O -- O -450 O -reduction O -on O -the O -concentration O -of O -added O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -( O -NADPH B-Chemical -or O -NADH O -) O -was O -biphasic O -in O -DBA O -/ O -2J O -microsomes O -but O -monophasic O -in O -C57BL O -/ O -6J O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Hybrid O -- O -heme O -hemoglobins O -, O -alpha O -( O -meso O -) O -2beta O -( O -proto O -) O -2 O -and O -alpha O -( O -proto O -) O -2beta O -( O -meso O -) O -2 O -, O -were O -prepared O -, O -and O -the O -O2 O -equilibria O -of O -their O -alpha O -and O -beta O -chains O -were O -measured O -separately O -at O -the O -isosbestic O -points O -of O -the O -partner O -chains O -at O -different O -pH O -values O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -absence O -of O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -N6 O -, O -O2 O -- O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -and O -theophylline B-Chemical -to O -adrenalectomized O -rats O -results O -in O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -amount O -of O -functional O -mRNA O -coding O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -that O -can O -be O -isolated O -from O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -4 O -- O -to O -5 O -- O -fold O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -catalytic O -activity O -is O -maximal O -at O -2 O -h O -and O -is O -still O -significantly O -greater O -than O -the O -basal O -level O -at O -5 O -h O -. O -In O -the O -basal O -state O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -mRNA O -codes O -for O -0 O -. O -019 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -003 O -% O -of O -the O -protein O -synthesized O -in O -the O -in O -vitro O -system O -, O -whereas O -after O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -treatment O -this O -value O -0 O -. O -115 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -015 O -% O -, O -hence O -the O -increase O -in O -mRNATAT O -activity O -is O -relatively O -specific O -. O - -aps B-category -deltapH O -and O -catecholamine B-Chemical -distribution O -in O -isolated O -chromaffin O -granules O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -enzyme O -has O -the O -following O -characteristics O -: O -( O -a O -) O -its O -specific O -activity O -approaches O -15 O -units O -/ O -mg O -of O -protein O -, O -( O -b O -) O -the O -sedimentation O -constants O -of O -the O -protomeric O -and O -polymeric O -forms O -of O -the O -enzyme O -are O -12 O -to O -13 O -S O -and O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -40 O -S O -, O -respectively O -, O -( O -c O -) O -the O -polymeric O -form O -of O -the O -enzyme O -shows O -filamentous O -structures O -in O -the O -electron O -microscope O -, O -and O -( O -d O -) O -the O -polypeptide O -( O -s O -) O -arising O -from O -its O -dissociation O -reveals O -a O -single O -major O -component O -of O -Mr O -= O -240 O -, O -000 O -to O -260 O -, O -000 O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -three O -different O -commercial O -blood O -culture O -media O -- O -- O -brain O -heart O -infusion O -broth O -( O -Pfizer O -) O -, O -thiol B-Chemical -broth O -( O -Difco O -) O -, O -and O -PRS O -- O -peptone O -broth O -( O -Becton O -, O -Dickinson O -& O -amp O -; O -Co O -. O -) O -- O -- O -to O -support O -the O -growth O -of O -five O -different O -anaerobes O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromazepam O -, O -5 O -mg O -, O -a O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivative O -, O -decreased O -this O -decrement O -in O -highly O -anxious O -subjects O -but O -worsened O -the O -speed O -in O -less O -anxious O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -the O -trial O -commenced O -, O -all O -patients O -were O -being O -treated O -with O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -enanthate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pipothiazine O -appears O -to O -resemble O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -enanthate I-Chemical -in O -its O -capacity O -to O -induce O -parkinsonism O -and O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -fluorescent O -amine B-Chemical -, O -9 O -- O -aminoacridine O -, O -was O -used O -to O -permit O -both O -microscopic O -and O -fluorometric O -measurements O -of O -amine B-Chemical -distribution O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunochemical O -and O -biologic O -studies O -of O -the O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -of O -Bacteroides O -melaninogenicus O -subspecies O -asaccharolyticus O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -inverse O -relationship O -between O -lead B-Chemical -retention O -and O -dietary O -calcium B-Chemical -content O -has O -been O -known O -to O -exist O -for O -many O -years O -, O -but O -the O -reasons O -for O -this O -association O -remained O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraluminal O -calcium B-Chemical -decreased O -the O -absorption O -of O -test O -doses O -of O -lead B-Chemical -from O -the O -small O -intestine O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -related O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -more O -lead B-Chemical -bound O -to O -the O -higher O -molecular O -weight O -fraction O -and O -more O -calcium B-Chemical -bound O -to O -the O -lower O -molecular O -weight O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -CaBP O -, O -substantial O -amounts O -of O -lead B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -were O -found O -in O -both O -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -Shared O -binding O -sites O -on O -absorptive O -proteins O -would O -explain O -why O -dietary O -calcium B-Chemical -decreases O -lead B-Chemical -absorption O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -25 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -phenol B-Chemical -, O -2 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -antipyrin I-Chemical -and O -0 O -. O -8 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -H2O2 B-Chemical -, O -peroxidase O -catalyses O -the O -formation O -of O -a O -red O -quinonimine O -, O -whose O -increase O -in O -adsorption O -is O -directly O -proportional O -to O -the O -enzyme O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -is O -described O -which O -permits O -the O -simultaneous O -detection O -of O -methaqualone O -, O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -, O -opiates O -and O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -in O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -can O -interfere O -with O -the O -detection O -of O -methaqualone O -, O -a O -specific O -eluant O -is O -used O -to O -ensure O -reliable O -detection O -of O -the O -latter O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -coelenterates O -is O -NADP O -specific O -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -- O -Hydroxybutyrate O -dehydrogenase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -30 O -) O -was O -purified O -145 O -- O -fold O -from O -Mycobacterium O -phlei O -ATCC354 O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -fractionation O -and O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -did O -not O -require O -metal O -ions O -and O -was O -insensitive O -to O -EDTA O -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -, O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -beta O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -and O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -strains O -of O -Mycobacterium O -tuberculosis O -of O -different O -virulence O -in O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -were O -compared O -with O -regard O -to O -their O -resistance O -to O -low O -pH O -, O -to O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -( O -H2O2 B-Chemical -) O -at O -different O -pH O -values O -and O -to O -superoxide B-Chemical -( O -O2 O -- O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -H2O2 B-Chemical -resistance O -was O -only O -partly O -related O -to O -catalase O -content O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -strains O -were O -uniformly O -resistant O -to O -O2 O -- O -and O -contained O -similar O -amounts O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -. O - -aps B-category -Polysaccharide O -production O -was O -not O -enhanced O -by O -phosphate B-Chemical -limitation O -but O -was O -dependent O -on O -the O -dilution O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -regulation O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -synthesis O -: O -substrate O -- O -promoted O -dissociation O -of O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -from O -GAD O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -and O -release O -in O -rat O -brain O -striatal O -synaptosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -complex O -intermediate O -of O -the O -copper B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -ion O -with O -the O -ascorbate O -anion O -was O -detected O -by O -using O -a O -rapid O -scanning O -spectrophotometer O -with O -a O -stopped O -- O -flow O -apparatus O -. O - -aps B-category -Arachidonic O -acid O -- O -induced O -aggregation O -of O -rat O -platelets O -and O -the O -accompanying O -generation O -of O -thromboxane O -A2 O -activity O -were O -inhibited O -by O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -20 O -times O -higher O -doses O -of O -salicylic O -, O -gentisic O -and O -salicyluric O -acids O -were O -inactive O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -do O -not O -support O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -activity O -of O -salicylic O -acid O -is O -due O -to O -inhibition O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -systhetase O -( O -cyclo O -- O -oxygenase O -) O -by O -an O -unknown O -metabolite O -and O -indicate O -that O -salicylic O -acid O -displays O -an O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -activity O -independent O -inhibition O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -( O -5 O -& O -amp O -; O -7 O -. O -5 O -microgram O -/ O -100 O -g O -) O -were O -studied O -using O -a O -new O -animal O -model O -of O -anxiety O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -behavioural O -effects O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -were O -counteracted O -by O -chronic O -administration O -of O -chlordiazepoxide O -( O -5 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -for O -5 O -days O -) O -and O -by O -acute O -administration O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -4 O -g O -kl O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Is O -it O -therefore O -proposed O -that O -anxiety O -results O -from O -the O -action O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -, O -possibly O -on O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -pathways O -in O -the O -midbrain O -and O -hypothalamus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -receptor O -mediating O -the O -apomorphine B-Chemical -vasodilatation O -in O -the O -hindleg O -of O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopaminergic O -potency O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -homologues O -in O -mice O -with O -unilateral O -lesions O -of O -the O -caudate O -nucleus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stability O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -in O -physiological O -saline O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -Gastric O -mucosal O -ulceration O -induced O -in O -pigs O -by O -tabelts O -but O -not O -suspensions O -or O -solutions O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitation O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -tolerance O -induced O -by O -pellet O -implantation O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thermal O -( O -dark O -) O -degradation O -of O -promethazine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -presents O -a O -complex O -kinetic O -picture O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -citrate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -pH O -4 O -. O -0 O -, O -ionic O -strength O -0 O -. O -5M O -, O -containing O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -EDTA O -, O -the O -thermal O -degradation O -at O -90 O -degrees O -can O -be O -fitted O -to O -first O -order O -rate O -plots O -at O -drug O -concentrations O -up O -to O -1 O -. O -56 O -x O -10 O -. O -27 O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -and O -to O -zero O -order O -rate O -plots O -at O -drug O -concentrations O -greater O -than O -9 O -. O -35 O -x O -10 O -. O -2M O -( O -3 O -. O -0 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combination O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -with O -phenacetin B-Chemical -did O -not O -change O -, O -that O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -with O -caffeine B-Chemical -significantly O -increased O -, O -and O -aspirin B-Chemical -with O -paracetamol B-Chemical -significantly O -decreased O -the O -incidence O -of O -gastric O -lesions O -compared O -with O -aspirin B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -to O -the O -combination O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -and O -phenacetin B-Chemical -caused O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -erosions O -, O -but O -when O -given O -with O -aspirin B-Chemical -and O -paracetamol B-Chemical -no O -erosions O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -tolerance O -to O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -barbiturate B-Chemical -on O -amphetamine B-Chemical -circling O -in O -rats O -with O -a O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -lesion O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -tablets O -were O -implanted O -subcutaneously O -for O -chronic O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Barbiturate O -physical O -dependence O -was O -induced O -by O -adding O -increasing O -amounts O -of O -barbitone O -to O -the O -drinking O -water O -of O -lesioned O -rats O -over O -four O -weeks O -after O -which O -the O -amphetamine B-Chemical -circling O -response O -was O -depressed O -and O -remained O -so O -after O -the O -barbituate O -was O -withdrawn O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -the O -induction O -of O -tolerance O -over O -this O -period O -nor O -ethanol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -had O -any O -effect O -on O -the O -circling O -response O -to O -amphetamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -neurochemical O -bases O -of O -barbiturate B-Chemical -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -tolerance O -are O -different O -from O -morphine B-Chemical -tolerance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -2 O -- O -bromo O -- O -alpha O -- O -ergokryptine O -( O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -) O -( O -5 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -showed O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -biphasic O -action O -on O -phosphodiesterases O -in O -vitro O -while O -in O -vivo O -it O -stimulated O -them O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -pharmacological O -experiments O -with O -the O -non O -- O -labelled O -material O -and O -60 O -min O -contact O -time O -, O -IIP O -produced O -a O -parallel O -shift O -in O -the O -orciprenaline B-Chemical -concentration O -- O -response O -line O -on O -guinea O -- O -pig O -isolated O -tracheal O -and O -atrial O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -observation O -that O -human O -red O -blood O -cells O -do O -not O -shrink O -in O -hypertonic O -media O -as O -much O -as O -expected O -for O -ideal O -osmometers O -has O -previously O -been O -explained O -in O -terms O -of O -either O -a O -marked O -increase O -in O -the O -osmotic O -coefficient O -of O -the O -cell O -contents O -or O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -chloride B-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -cells O -. O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -NA O -injections O -occasionally O -produced O -an O -initial O -reduction O -of O -chemosensory O -discharge O -frequency O -, O -which O -was O -however O -less O -intense O -and O -of O -shorter O -duration O -than O -that O -caused O -by O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -and O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -elicited I-Chemical -chemosensory O -inhibition O -were O -not O -affected O -by O -low O -doses O -of O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -which O -blocked O -NA O -- O -evoked O -hypertensive O -reactions O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoprenaline O -, O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonist O -, O -did O -not O -induce O -chemosensory O -inhibition O -, O -whilst O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockers O -( O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -dichloroisoproterenol O -) O -did O -not O -modify O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -elicited I-Chemical -chemosensory O -inhibition O -. O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -Cell O -pH O -, O -as O -measured O -by O -the O -DMO14C O -technique O -increases O -0 O -. O -13 O -pH O -units O -upon O -stimulation O -with O -db B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cAMP I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Noninfected O -and O -varicella O -- O -zoster O -virus O -( O -VZV O -) O -- O -infected O -human O -foreskin O -fibroblasts O -were O -examined O -for O -thymidine B-Chemical -kinase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrophoretic O -analysis O -of O -cellular O -enzymes O -involved O -in O -pyrimidine O -nucleoside B-Chemical -phosphorylation O -revealed O -at O -least O -three O -enzymes O -distinguishable O -by O -electrophoretic O -mobility O -and O -substrates O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -VZV O -- O -infected O -cells O -, O -a O -single O -band O -of O -activity O -catalyzing O -the O -phosphorylation O -of O -thymidine B-Chemical -, O -deoxyuridine O -, O -deoxycytidine O -, O -and O -cytidine O -was O -observed O -with O -a O -relative O -mobility O -of O -0 O -. O -48 O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -virus O -and O -nonvirus O -proteins O -tested O -as O -phosphate B-Chemical -acceptors O -, O -only O -acidic O -proteins O -were O -phosphorylated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -increased O -in O -the O -aorta O -and O -mesenteric O -artery O -when O -hypertension O -was O -induced O -in O -8 O -- O -week O -- O -old O -rats O -with O -administration O -of O -deoxycorticosterone B-Chemical -acetate O -( O -DOCA B-Chemical -) O -and O -1 O -% O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -beta O -- O -aminopropionitrile O -, O -a O -specific O -inhibitor O -of O -lysyl O -oxidase O -, O -was O -administered O -before O -the O -onset O -of O -DOCA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -hypertension O -, O -the O -aortic O -collagen O -content O -was O -reduced O -markedly O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -having O -hyperkalemia O -often O -are O -given O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -to O -raise O -blood O -pH O -and O -shift O -extracellular O -potassium B-Chemical -into O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -first O -group O -, O -pH O -rose O -0 O -. O -12 O -, O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -rose O -5 O -. O -9 O -mEq O -/ O -liter O -, O -and O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -fell O -1 O -. O -6 O -mEq O -/ O -liter O -, O -and O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -fell O -1 O -. O -4 O -mEq O -/ O -liter O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -additional O -patients O -, O -who O -were O -treated O -with O -5 O -% O -dextrose B-Chemical -alone O -, O -did O -not O -significantly O -lower O -their O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -although O -subsequent O -treatment O -with O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -in O -5 O -% O -dextrose B-Chemical -lowered O -their O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -11beta O -- O -hydroxylation O -by O -adrenal O -mitochondria O -of O -marsupials O -- O -- O -Part O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -Subcellular O -distribution O -and O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -requirement O -of O -hydroxysteroid O -dehydrogenase O -activities O -in O -Candida O -albicans O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -like O -its O -predecessors O -burinamide O -and O -metiamide O -, O -has O -been O -shown O -in O -vitro O -to O -be O -a O -specific O -competitive O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -main O -indication O -for O -cimetidine B-Chemical -is O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -duodenal O -ulcer O -and O -of O -the O -Zollinger O -- O -Ellison O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Neural O -and O -endocrine O -development O -after O -chronic O -tryptophan B-Chemical -deficiency O -in O -rats O -: O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -monoamine O -levels O -in O -the O -brain O -of O -developing O -female O -rats O -fed O -on O -these O -diets O -show O -changes O -in O -serotonin B-Chemical -but O -not O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -or O -dopamine B-Chemical -levels O -: O -in O -tryptophan B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -restricted I-Chemical -rats O -serotonin B-Chemical -levels O -were O -reduced O -in O -all O -brain O -areas O -studied O -, O -whereas O -in O -caloric O -- O -restricted O -animals O -serotonin B-Chemical -levels O -were O -increased O -in O -the O -cerebral O -hemispheres O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurotransmitter O -accumulation O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -release O -from O -different O -regions O -of O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Levels O -of O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -NADPH B-Chemical -) O -were O -also O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -of O -Jellinek O -, O -Amako O -, O -and O -Willman O -was O -used O -to O -analyze O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lipogenic O -stimulation O -by O -MPA O -is O -indicated O -by O -increased O -levels O -of O -G3PD O -and O -ME O -, O -both O -of O -which O -are O -implicated O -in O -lipogenesis O -, O -as O -well O -as O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymatic O -pattern O -of O -MPA O -treatment O -shows O -lipogenesis O -and O -protein O -conservation O -, O -while O -that O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -regimen O -shows O -significantly O -lower O -levels O -of O -ME O -, O -G3PD O -, O -and O -PRK O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -the O -concentrations O -of O -lipid B-Chemical -hydroperoxides I-Chemical -, O -carbonyls O -, O -4MI O -, O -and O -brown O -pigments O -were O -followed O -over O -a O -period O -of O -24 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -six O -suburban O -areas O -of O -Sydney O -, O -chosen O -to O -provide O -a O -socioeconomic O -cross O -- O -section O -of O -the O -city O -, O -complete O -records O -of O -dispensing O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -were O -collected O -over O -a O -four O -- O -week O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Postsynaptic O -serotonin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -, O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -kynurenine I-Chemical -as O -substrate O -, O -the O -enzyme O -was O -competitively O -inhibited O -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -, O -3 O -- O -hydroxyanthranilic O -acid O -, O -and O -several O -other O -compounds O -which O -contained O -structural O -features O -of O -either O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -or O -aryl O -portions O -of O -the O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -characterisation O -of O -stages O -of O -hepatocarcinogenesis O -after O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -diethylnitrosamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Disequilibrium O -pH O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -: O -relevance O -to O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -distal O -renal O -tubular O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -and O -red O -cell O -acid O -- O -base O -balance O -were O -studied O -in O -13 O -patients O -with O -metabolic O -alkalosis O -and O -14 O -healthy O -subjects O -following O -the O -infusion O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -paper O -reports O -the O -findings O -of O -an O -open O -evaluation O -of O -100 O -patients O -treated O -with O -prazosin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -was O -initiated O -with O -prazosin B-Chemical -in O -a O -further O -50 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -remaining O -26 O -patients O -received O -in O -addition O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -blocking O -agent O -together O -with O -a O -thiazide B-Chemical -diuretic B-Chemical -in O -14 O -. O - -aps B-category -Prazosin B-Chemical -is O -an O -effective O -hypotensive O -agent O -, O -used O -alone O -or O -in O -combination O -, O -in O -most O -patients O -with O -hypertension O -of O -all O -degrees O -of O -severity O -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -mentally O -- O -retarded O -children O -, O -diagnosed O -as O -hyperactive O -, O -participated O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -of O -the O -drug O -lorazepam B-Chemical -( O -Ativan O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Progesterone B-Chemical -metabolism O -by O -placentas O -of O -early O -and O -late O -human O -gestation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -was O -maintained O -under O -both O -acid O -and O -alkaline O -conditions O -, O -after O -passage O -of O -the O -SCW O -through O -a O -mixed O -bed O -resin O -and O -after O -chelation O -of O -either O -calcium B-Chemical -or O -both O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -dopamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -the O -basal O -ganglia O -is O -defective O -in O -this O -condition O -, O -abnormalities O -of O -other O -transmitters O -occur O -, O -and O -their O -possible O -significance O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -acceleration O -of O -the O -rate O -of O -elongation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -nascent O -chains O -by O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -transit O -time O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -was O -found O -to O -be O -reduced O -from O -5 O -- O -8 O -min O -under O -basal O -conditions O -to O -as O -low O -as O -45 O -sec O -after O -exposure O -to O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -are O -consistent O -with O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -with O -cyclic O -AMP O -analogs O -occurs O -by O -stimulation O -of O -the O -rate O -at O -which O -ribosomes O -translate O -pre O -- O -existing O -mRNA O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -adrenal O -steroids B-Chemical -which O -act O -by O -increasing O -the O -level O -of O -translatable O -mRNA O -coding O -for O -this O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -low O -concentrations O -of O -agonist O -that O -are O -capable O -of O -altering O -apparent O -receptor O -size O -and O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -this O -effect O -to O -guanyl O -nucleotides O -suggest O -that O -these O -phenomena O -may O -be O -intimately O -involved O -in O -eliciting O -the O -physiological O -effects O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -catecholamines B-Chemical -at O -the O -molecular O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -involvement O -of O -long O -chain O -aldehyde B-Chemical -in O -bacterial O -luminescence O -was O -known O -both O -from O -its O -being O -required O -for O -light O -emission O -in O -the O -in O -vitro O -reaction O -with O -pure O -luciferase O -and O -from O -its O -ability O -to O -stimulate O -luminescence O -in O -vivo O -in O -a O -certain O -class O -of O -dark O -" O -aldehyde B-Chemical -" O -mutants O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -stimulation O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -in O -aldehyde B-Chemical -mutants O -of O -two O -species O -of O -luminous O -bacteria O -, O -Beneckea O -harveyi O -and O -Photobacterium O -fischeri O -. O - -aps B-category -Hence O -the O -tetramers O -must O -bind O -oxygen B-Chemical -with O -a O -higher O -affinity O -than O -that O -of O -dissociated O -chains O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -oligomerization O -of O -high O -- O -affinity O -, O -unliganded O -beta O -( O -SH O -) O -chains O -leads O -to O -tetramers O -with O -even O -higher O -affinity O -. O - -aps B-category -Inositol O -hexaphosphate O -was O -found O -to O -have O -no O -measurable O -effect O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -pH O -7 O -where O -very O -pronounced O -effects O -have O -been O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -the O -residual O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminating O -activity O -in O -the O -spleen O -of O -a O -patient O -with O -combined O -immunodeficiency O -disease O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -tissues O -from O -these O -infants O -contain O -only O -a O -few O -percent O -of O -the O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deaminating I-Chemical -activity O -present O -in O -corresponding O -normal O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Affinity O -and O -immunoadsorbant O -column O -chromatography O -revealed O -distinct O -differences O -between O -the O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deaminating I-Chemical -activity O -in O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -spleen O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -from O -normal O -spleen O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -adenine O -was O -a O -better O -inhibitor O -of O -the O -activity O -in O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -spleen O -than O -it O -was O -of O -the O -enzyme O -from O -normal O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deaminating I-Chemical -activity O -in O -the O -spleen O -of O -this O -patient O -is O -not O -due O -to O -a O -mutant O -form O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -magnitude O -and O -distribution O -of O -the O -acid O -microclimate O -in O -proximal O -jejunum O -and O -its O -relation O -to O -luminal B-Chemical -acidification O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinically O -effective O -antipsychotic O -agents O -had O -a O -more O -selective O -action O -on O -spontaneous O -activity O -than O -other O -classes O -of O -drugs O -with O -the O -exception O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -a O -related O -compound O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -conversion O -of O -exogenous O -arachidonic O -acid O -into O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -human O -placenta O -and O -fetal O -membrane O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -placental O -microsomes O -PGE2 B-Chemical -was O -further O -transformed O -into O -15 O -keto B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -PGE2 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Activities O -of O -ketone B-Chemical -body O -utilising O -enzymes O -in O -tissues O -of O -fed O -and O -fasted O -sheep O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -tha O -there O -is O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -capacity O -of O -these O -organs O -to O -catabolise O -ketone B-Chemical -bodies O -in O -fasting O -ketosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -concentrations O -of O -urea B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -increased O -, O -while O -glucose B-Chemical -fell O -; O -a O -metabolic O -alkalosis O -was O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -Principles O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -water O -reabsorption O -in O -the O -proximal O -convoluted O -tubules O -of O -the O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -Hitherto O -bilirubin B-Chemical -formation O -rate O -( O -BFR O -) O -has O -been O -used O -for O -determination O -of O -MHO O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Dissolution O -and O -uptake O -of O -cadmium O -from O -dental O -gold B-Chemical -solder O -alloy O -implants O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -another O -experiment O -specimens O -of O -a O -cadmium O -- O -containing O -dental O -gold B-Chemical -solder O -alloy O -, O -a O -cadmium O -- O -free O -dental O -casting O -gold B-Chemical -alloy O -and O -soldered O -assemblies O -made O -of O -these O -two O -alloys O -were O -implanted O -subcutaneously O -in O -the O -neck O -region O -of O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -patients O -( O -four O -with O -vitiligo O -and O -one O -with O -pernicious O -anaemia O -) O -were O -subjected O -to O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -infusion O -test O -; O -there O -were O -achlorhydric O -while O -the O -remaining O -two O -secreted O -quite O -small O -amounts O -of O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -assess O -the O -contribution O -of O -swallowed O -saliva O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -test O -was O -done O -twice O -in O -each O -patient O -: O -( O -A O -) O -with O -precautions O -to O -prevent O -swallowing O -of O -saliva O -; O -and O -( O -B O -) O -with O -the O -patient O -allowed O -to O -swallow O -saliva O -freely O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -using O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -precipitation O -at O -low O -concentration O -( O -PEG O -test O -) O -and O -the O -radiolabeled O -C1q O -binding O -test O -, O -immune O -complexes O -were O -detected O -sera O -from O -acute O -( O -23 O -/ O -28 O -) O -and O -chronic O -( O -28 O -/ O -32 O -) O -hepatitis O -patients O -, O -hemodialyzed O -patients O -with O -chronic O -hepatitis O -B O -surface O -( O -HBs O -) O -antigenemia O -( O -7 O -/ O -19 O -) O -, O -and O -asymptomatic O -HBs O -antigen O -carriers O -( O -2 O -/ O -11 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Genetic O -analysis O -of O -the O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fixation O -system O -in O -Klebsiella O -pneumoniae O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -wild O -type O -hisD O -- O -linked O -nif O -genes O -carried O -by O -the O -plasmid O -RP4 O -failed O -to O -complement O -the O -defects O -of O -the O -hisD O -- O -unlinked O -nif O -genes O -in O -the O -recipient O -cells O -but O -they O -were O -effective O -to O -facilitate O -E O -. O -coli O -in O -acquiring O -the O -ability O -to O -fix O -nitrogen B-Chemical -, O -which O -indicates O -that O -the O -hisD O -- O -unlinked O -nif O -genes O -necessary O -for O -the O -functioning O -of O -the O -hisD O -- O -linked O -nif O -genes O -are O -present O -in O -E O -. O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Interactions O -of O -gastric O -blood O -flow O -, O -barrier O -breaker O -, O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -back O -diffusion O -during O -ulcer O -formation O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -granulocytes O -were O -isolated O -from O -blood O -either O -by O -counterflow O -centrifugation O -in O -a O -Beckman O -JE O -- O -6 O -rotor O -or O -by O -sedimentation O -of O -the O -red O -blood O -cells O -with O -dextran B-Chemical -and O -centrifugation O -of O -the O -granulocyte O -- O -rich O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -storage O -at O -4 O -C O -for O -2 O -days O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -buffered I-Chemical -saline O -with O -a O -pH O -of O -7 O -. O -1 O -containing O -5 O -g O -/ O -dl O -human O -albumin O -+ O -0 O -. O -46 O -g O -/ O -dl O -dextrose B-Chemical -or O -1 O -g O -/ O -dl O -Physiogel O -+ O -0 O -. O -46 O -g O -/ O -dl O -dextrose B-Chemical -, O -the O -granulocytes O -were O -adequately O -preserved O -from O -the O -in O -vitro O -measurements O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -disposition O -of O -phentermine B-Chemical -and O -its O -N O -- O -oxidized O -metabolic O -products O -in O -the O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -Major O -excretion O -products O -were O -N O -- O -hydroxyphentermine O -( O -28 O -% O -dose O -) O -, O -conjugated O -N O -- O -hydroxyphentermine O -( O -32 O -% O -dose O -) O -and O -unchanged O -phentermine B-Chemical -( O -16 O -% O -dose O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -N O -- O -Oxidations O -is O -the O -major O -pathway O -of O -metabolism O -of O -phentermine B-Chemical -in O -rabbits O -; O -the O -present O -results O -suggest O -that O -some O -biological O -activity O -may O -be O -mediated O -by O -the O -pharmacologically O -active O -N O -- O -hydroxyphentermine O -. O - -aps B-category -Noradrenaline O -50 O -microgram O -/ O -rat O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -50 O -microgram O -/ O -rat O -, O -serotonine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -creatinine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulphate I-Chemical -100 O -micogram O -/ O -rat O -, O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -100 O -microgram O -/ O -rat O -, O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -1 O -mg O -/ O -rat O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -100 O -microgram O -/ O -rat O -were O -administered O -into O -the O -lateral O -ventricle O -of O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -ATP O -- O -induced O -release O -of O -vasopressin B-Chemical -associated O -with O -phosphorylation O -of O -isolated O -bovine O -neurohypophyseal O -secretory O -granule O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -on O -the O -splanchnic O -blood O -flow O -and O -cardiac O -output O -of O -various O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -concentrations O -during O -fluroxene O -( O -Fluoromar O -) O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -final O -dose O -of O -minoxidil B-Chemical -was O -2 O -. O -5 O -- O -- O -30 O -mg O -( O -average O -20 O -) O -and O -it O -was O -combined O -with O -a O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agent O -and O -a O -diuretic B-Chemical -( O -or O -dialysis O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -risk O -of O -hirsutism O -is O -a O -contraindication O -to O -prolonged O -minoxidil B-Chemical -administration O -in O -most O -femal O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -shown O -that O -the O -C O -- O -ring O -in O -cannabinoids O -can O -be O -substituted O -with O -a O -variety O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -and O -sulfur O -- O -containing O -rings O -without O -loss O -of O -CNS O -( O -central O -nervous O -system O -) O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -compounds O -inhibit O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -in O -response O -to O -all O -known O -secretagogues O -and O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -anticholinergic O -drugs O -, O -markedly O -inhibit O -food O -- O -stimulated O -acid O -secretion O -in O -duodenal O -ulcer O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -long O -- O -term O -safety O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -has O -not O -been O -established O -, O -in O -short O -- O -term O -clinical O -trials O -there O -have O -been O -no O -significant O -subjective O -or O -objective O -side O -- O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -According O -to O -our O -concept O -that O -biodistribution O -of O -salicylates B-Chemical -( O -SA O -) O -might O -be O -an O -important O -factor O -of O -their O -mode O -of O -action O -the O -distribution O -of O -sodiumsalicylate O -( O -NaSA O -) O -and O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -ASA O -) O -was O -investigated O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -four O -urine O -specimens O -of O -eleven O -healthy O -Nigerians O -taken O -during O -the O -cool O -rainy O -season O -, O -were O -examined O -before O -and O -during O -diamox O -( O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -) O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Daily O -renal O -acid O -excretion O -was O -reduced O -by O -25 O -% O -and O -titratable O -buffer O -acid O -was O -absent O -in O -most O -samples O -but O -ammonia B-Chemical -excretion O -showed O -a O -wide O -scatter O -with O -a O -range O -of O -6 O -. O -5 O -- O -60 O -. O -8 O -mEq O -. O - -aps B-category -Orungo O -virus O -is O -relatively O -sensitive O -to O -lipid O -solvents O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -only O -statistically O -significant O -changes O -observed O -in O -these O -parameters O -were O -immediately O -following O -feeding O -, O -a O -fall O -of O -. O -01 O -pH O -units O -and O -a O -fall O -of O -6 O -mm O -Hg O -in O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -; O -and O -15 O -minutes O -after O -feeding O -, O -a O -fall O -of O -. O -01 O -pH O -units O -and O -a O -rise O -in O -arterial O -PCO2 O -of O -3 O -mm O -Hg O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uses O -of O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -receptor O -antagonists O -( O -H2 O -antagonists O -) O -in O -the O -management O -of O -peptic O -ulcer O -disease O -and O -the O -Zollinger O -- O -Ellison O -syndrome O -are O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -is O -effective O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -duodenal O -ulcer O -, O -and O -its O -use O -appears O -promising O -in O -Zollinger O -- O -Ellison O -syndrome O -and O -gastric O -ulceration O -. O - -aps B-category -Immune O -complexes O -of O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -periarteritis O -nodosa O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -the O -cases O -, O -deposits O -of O -HBsAg B-Chemical -, O -immunoglobulins O -, O -beta1C O -- O -globulin O -and O -C1q O -were O -detected O -in O -vascular O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -larger O -masses O -of O -HBsAg B-Chemical -immune O -complexes O -, O -chiefly O -in O -recent O -insudative O -and O -fibrinoid O -vascular O -lesions O -, O -their O -lesser O -amounts O -in O -lesions O -undergoing O -involution O -, O -and O -their O -absence O -from O -healed O -lesions O -strongly O -suggest O -that O -these O -complexes O -play O -a O -primary O -role O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -acute O -vascular O -damage O -in O -periarteritis O -nodosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Association O -of O -increased O -pHi O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -release O -in O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Depolarization O -of O -the O -muscles O -to O -values O -at O -or O -below O -the O -contraction O -threshold O -caused O -by O -elevating O -external O -potassium B-Chemical -up O -to O -approximately O -20 O -mM O -resulted O -in O -an O -internal O -alkalinization O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -agents O -that O -cause O -calcium B-Chemical -release O -( O -caffeine B-Chemical -, O -theophylline B-Chemical -, O -and O -quinine B-Chemical -) O -were O -found O -to O -give O -alkalinization O -when O -tested O -at O -concentrations O -just O -below O -the O -contracture O -threshold O -. O - -aps B-category -Amiloride B-Chemical -( O -2 O -- O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -in O -the O -mucosal O -solution O -abolishes O -this O -active O -Na O -+ O -transport O -by O -inhibiting O -m O -- O -to O -- O -s O -fluxes O -of O -Na O -+ O -( O -JNams O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -: O -hormone O -and O -neurotransmitter O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -infusion O -, O -the O -plasma O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -concentration O -fell O -with O -a O -mean O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -) O -half O -- O -time O -of O -2 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -calculated O -basal O -plasma O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -production O -rate O -was O -0 O -. O -7 O -microgram O -/ O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -levels O -in O -excess O -of O -1 O -, O -800 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -were O -required O -to O -produce O -hemodynamic O -and O -/ O -or O -metabolic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -concentrations O -do O -at O -times O -exceed O -1 O -, O -800 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -during O -exercise O -and O -during O -major O -acute O -illness O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetazolamide B-Chemical -and O -renal O -ammoniagenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -change O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -glutaminase O -or O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -could O -be O -observed O -at O -concentrations O -up O -to O -0 O -. O -2 O -mM O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -, O -and O -concentrations O -up O -to O -1 O -mM O -were O -without O -effect O -on O -D O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -hypoxia O -on O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -in O -ducks O -was O -investigated O -by O -the O -rate O -at O -which O -arterially O -injected O -xenon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -133 I-Chemical -was O -cleared O -from O -the O -duck O -' O -s O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -magnitude O -of O -this O -increase O -is O -much O -greater O -in O -the O -duck O -than O -has O -been O -reported O -for O -mammals O -at O -roughly O -equivalent O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tensions O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -hypoxemia O -was O -induced O -to O -reduce O -oxygen B-Chemical -availability O -and O -to O -assess O -whether O -increased O -TPR O -in O -SHR O -could O -be O -reversed O -by O -this O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -QO2 O -fell O -in O -hypoxemic O -SHR O -demonstrating O -that O -the O -relationship O -between O -total O -body O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -and O -cardiac O -output O -was O -abnormal O -in O -young O -SHR O -, O -and O -that O -increased O -TPR O -in O -SHR O -was O -not O -dependent O -on O -resting O -levels O -of O -QO2 O -or O -oxygen B-Chemical -availability O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -occurs O -at O -higher O -activities O -than O -found O -thus O -far O -anywhere O -else O -in O -nature O -and O -clearly O -functions O -in O -anaerobic O -glycolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -temperature O -, O -low O -pH O -, O -and O -low O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -levels O -all O -appear O -to O -favor O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -over O -alpha O -- O -glycerophosphate O -dehydrogenase O -; O -low O -temperature O -, O -high O -pH O -, O -and O -high O -creatine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -levels O -, O -all O -expected O -during O -the O -quiescent O -state O -in O -this O -species O -, O -and O -when O -metabolism O -in O -aerobic O -, O -all O -favor O -alpha O -- O -glycerophosphate O -dehydrogenase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -of O -the O -recent O -concepts O -about O -the O -gastric O -mucosal O -defense O -mechanisms O -against O -damage O -by O -luminal B-Chemical -acid O -and O -the O -effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -salicylate B-Chemical -on O -these O -mechanisms O -are O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -, O -histamine B-Chemical -appears O -to O -exert O -some O -protection O -by O -affecting O -both O -mechanisms O -, O -but O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -, O -histamine B-Chemical -' O -s O -protective O -effect O -is O -limited O -to O -altering O -mucosal O -permeability O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -damaging O -effects O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -appear O -to O -be O -related O -more O -to O -the O -concentration O -of O -acid O -in O -the O -lumen O -than O -to O -the O -lipid O -solubility O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -both O -low O -and O -high O -concentrations O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -increase O -mucosal O -permeability O -to O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -, O -only O -high O -concentrations O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -affect O -cellular O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -production O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -followed O -by O -predominant O -activity O -of O -the O -sympathetic O -nervous O -system O -, O -as O -evidenced O -by O -increased O -catecholamine B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -appears O -to O -be O -a O -good O -correlation O -between O -increased O -histamine B-Chemical -content O -and O -fibroblastic O -proliferation O -in O -the O -traumatized O -area O -. O - -aps B-category -Preceding O -experiments O -revealed O -a O -diminution O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -consumption O -by O -these O -tissues O -after O -addition O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -lorazepam B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Estimation O -of O -plasma O -lorazepam B-Chemical -by O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -and O -benzene B-Chemical -extraction O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -ATP O -citrate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lyase I-Chemical -and O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -synthetase O -activity O -using O -arylamine O -acetyltransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -Antacids O -and O -glycopyrrolate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Metabolic O -pathways O -and O -toxicity O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -remained O -at O -levels O -slightly O -greater O -than O -normal O -in O -the O -group O -which O -did O -not O -receive O -lipids O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -two O -cases O -, O -the O -parenteral O -alimentation O -seemed O -to O -be O -a O -main O -factor O -, O -but O -in O -one O -case O -with O -excessive O -and O -imbalanced O -supplies O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -replacement O -of O -essential O -hepatic O -functions O -such O -as O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -regulation O -, O -coagulation O -, O -detoxication O -and O -the O -provision O -of O -neurotransmitter O -precursors O -made O -possible O -4 O -days O -survival O -after O -total O -hepatectomy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -these O -three O -trace O -elements O -, O -manganèse O -and O -cobalt B-Chemical -are O -included O -in O -this O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -MB O -147 O -G O -solution O -was O -presented O -in O -units O -of O -500 O -ml O -associated O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -of O -varying O -concentrations O -( O -15 O -p O -. O -100 O -, O -30 O -p O -. O -100 O -, O -50 O -p O -. O -100 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -show O -that O -levels O -of O -copper B-Chemical -, O -zinc B-Chemical -, O -magnesium B-Chemical -and O -phosphates O -were O -low O -during O -parenteral O -alimentation O -. O - -aps B-category -According O -to O -their O -formula O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -solutions O -may O -consume O -, O -or O -more O -often O -provide O -, O -large O -amounts O -of O -H O -+ O -ions O -( O -up O -to O -20 O -mEq O -/ O -gram O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -reviewing O -the O -effects O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -on O -different O -metabolic O -processes O -, O -the O -author O -defines O -the O -doses O -of O -this O -alcohol B-Chemical -which O -may O -be O -used O -in O -parenteral O -alimentation O -, O -its O -advantages O -and O -disadvantages O -. O - -aps B-category -Inherited O -abnormalities O -in O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -metabolism O -, O -which O -up O -to O -a O -few O -years O -ago O -remained O -curiosities O -in O -the O -domain O -of O -the O -specialist O -, O -are O -now O -becoming O -almost O -of O -everyday O -significance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -24 O -- O -hour O -cortisol B-Chemical -cycle O -tends O -to O -be O -attenuated O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -levels O -, O -stable O -in O -exclusive O -parenteral O -nutrition O -, O -in O -general O -vary O -with O -mixed O -nutrition O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -also O -proposed O -that O -the O -infusion O -of O -solutions O -which O -may O -normalize O -these O -plasma O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -decrease O -the O -amount O -of O -toxic O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -within O -the O -circulation O -may O -help O -in O -the O -amelioration O -of O -the O -symptoms O -of O -hepatic O -encephalopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -onset O -of O -such O -a O -realimentation O -coma O -should O -be O -feared O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -certain O -combination O -of O -conditions O -: O -severely O -impaired O -nutrition O -, O -parenteral O -alimentation O -with O -a O -high O -level O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -and O -calories O -, O -transfer O -to O -the O -anabolic O -phase O -( O -perfect O -carbohydrate O -utilisation O -, O -fall O -in O -blood O -phosphate B-Chemical -levels O -with O -hypophosphaturia O -, O -sometimes O -very O -marked O -positivisation O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -balance O -) O -and O -, O -sometimes O -, O -mild O -premonitory O -clinical O -signs O -. O - -aps B-category -Less O -dialysis O -- O -induced O -morbidity O -and O -vascular O -instability O -with O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -in O -dialysate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -protocol O -showed O -that O -with O -LS O -- O -acetate O -dialysis O -there O -was O -a O -marked O -fall O -in O -plasma O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -and O -Pco2 O -during O -the O -first O -3 O -to O -4 O -h O -, O -followed O -by O -a O -rapid O -rise O -in O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -above O -normal O -and O -return O -to O -control O -in O -Pco2 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -second O -double O -- O -blind O -protocol O -showed O -that O -central O -nervous O -system O -- O -type O -symptoms O -noted O -during O -and O -after O -LS O -- O -acetate O -dialysis O -were O -reduced O -significantly O -by O -switching O -to O -LS B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -dialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Supplemental O -parenteral O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -administration O -was O -necessary O -for O -two O -weeks O -until O -urinary O -acid O -excretion O -rose O -to O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -Anaerobic O -glycolysis O -produces O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -ATP O -, O -and O -water O -but O -there O -is O -no O -net O -change O -in O -the O -number O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -: O -it O -does O -not O -produce O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -ATP O -turnover O -by O -aerobic O -mechanisms O -is O -not O -acidifying O -because O -the O -released O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -is O -reutilised O -as O -more O -ATP O -is O -formed O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Study O -of O -E O -. O -coli O -penicillin B-Chemical -amidase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -equilibrium O -parameters O -of O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -catalysed O -by O -penicillin B-Chemical -amidase O -were O -determined O -within O -the O -pH O -range O -of O -4 O -. O -5 O -to O -5 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -the O -thermodynamic O -optimum O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -synthesis O -was O -at O -3 O -. O -20 O -( O -the O -value O -of O -the O -effective O -free O -energy O -under O -the O -experimental O -conditions O -was O -3 O -. O -27 O -kcal O -/ O -mole O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thermodynamic O -parameters O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -and O -benzylpenicillin B-Chemical -hydrolysis O -were O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Use O -of O -the O -penicillanic O -acid O -formation O -reaction O -for O -the O -analysis O -of O -penicillins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -procedure O -for O -quantitative O -determination O -of O -oxacillin B-Chemical -by O -means O -of O -spectrophotometry O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -of O -oxacillin B-Chemical -was O -estimated O -by O -the O -optical O -density O -of O -the O -solutions O -at O -a O -wave O -length O -of O -335 O -nm O -corresponding O -to O -the O -absorption O -maximum O -of O -the O -penicillenic O -acid O -of O -oxacillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -on O -the O -comparison O -of O -the O -specificity O -and O -reproducibility O -of O -the O -new O -method O -with O -the O -currently O -used O -ones O -for O -determination O -of O -oxacillin B-Chemical -are O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -Inactivation O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -of O -the O -uptake O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Precipitation O -of O -proteins O -with O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -: O -characterization O -of O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -Generation O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -radical O -during O -autoxidation O -of O -hydroxylamine O -and O -an O -assay O -for O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -. O - -aps B-category -Alclofenac O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Penicillamine B-Chemical -was O -active O -therapeutically O -by O -3 O -months O -, O -one O -month O -before O -alclofenac O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolonged O -remission O -induced O -by O -combined O -prednisone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azathioprine I-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -particular O -, O -the O -lesions O -of O -mononeuritis O -multiplex O -progressed O -after O -initiation O -of O -high O -- O -dose O -prednisone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -two O -patients O -, O -whose O -cases O -are O -classified O -as O -the O -allergic O -granulomatosis O -variant O -of O -polyarteritis O -nodosa O -, O -have O -had O -a O -remission O -of O -seven O -and O -almost O -two O -years O -, O -respectively O -, O -after O -combined O -prednisone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azathioprine I-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -efficient O -method O -for O -the O -purification O -of O -human O -fibroblast O -interferon B-Chemical -( O -IF O -) O -based O -on O -binding O -via O -the O -N O -- O -acetyl O -neuraminic O -acid O -( O -N O -- O -ANA O -) O -residue O -of O -the O -IF O -molecules O -to O -the O -immobilized O -neuraminidase O -has O -been O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -C1 O -- O -- O -containing O -medium O -ATP O -synthesis O -linked O -to O -the O -oxidation O -of O -beta O -- O -hydroxybutyrate O -or O -reduced O -cytochrone O -c O -is O -less O -inhibited O -by O -triethyltin O -or O -triethyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lead I-Chemical -than O -is O -ATP O -synthesis O -linked O -to O -the O -oxidation O -of O -succinate O -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -or O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -the O -phosphorylated O -proteins O -has O -the O -same O -RF O -value O -as O -[ O -14C O -] O -biotin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labelled I-Chemical -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -purified O -from O -fat O -- O -cells O -and O -is O -specifically O -precipitated O -after O -incubation O -with O -antiserum O -raised O -against O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Proteoglycans O -of O -each O -age O -were O -also O -shown O -to O -disaggregate O -in O -4M O -- O -guanidinium O -chloride B-Chemical -and O -at O -low O -pH O -and O -to O -reaggregate O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -hyaluronic O -acid O -and O -/ O -or O -low O -- O -density O -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -aggregation O -was O -thus O -prevented O -, O -the O -enzymic O -activity O -was O -stimulated O -by O -citrate B-Chemical -and O -isocitrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -copper B-Chemical -ions O -to O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -bovine O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -. O - -aps B-category -Partial O -purification O -and O -characterization O -of O -a O -pyruvate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -- O -complex O -- O -inactivating O -enzyme O -from O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -enzyme O -was O -most O -stable O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -8 O -in O -potassium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -and O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -in O -McIlvaine O -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -activity O -is O -inhibited O -by O -native O -rat O -blood O -serum O -, O -iodoacetamide O -and O -leupeptin O -, O -but O -not O -by O -phenylmethanesulphonyl O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -that O -it O -belongs O -to O -the O -class O -of O -thiol B-Chemical -proteinases O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -judged O -from O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -/ O -polyacrylamide O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -the O -transacetylase O -subunit O -appears O -to O -be O -degraded O -into O -several O -smaller O -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -associated O -changes O -in O -the O -rates O -of O -liver O -cholesterol B-Chemical -synthesis O -or O -of O -adipose O -- O -tissue O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -rats O -after O -partial O -hepatectomy O -, O -compared O -with O -rates O -in O -sham O -- O -operated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increased O -synthesis O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -regenerating O -liver O -was O -associated O -with O -insignificant O -increases O -in O -plasma O -concentrations O -of O -tricylglycerols O -and O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -with O -a O -decrease O -in O -content O -of O -liver O -glycogen O -, O -and O -with O -no O -change O -in O -hepatic O -activity O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -hypoxia O -: O -accumulation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -metabolites O -in O -hepatocytes O -at O -low O -pO2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Elevated O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -and O -dihydroorotase O -activities O -in O -erythrocytes O -from O -patients O -with O -hypoxanthine O -guanine O -phosphoribosyltransferase O -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -microsomal O -lipid O -peroxidation O -and O -the O -problem O -of O -pathological O -action O -at O -a O -distance O -. O - -aps B-category -Ca O -+ O -and O -Mg2 O -+ O -dependence O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -binding O -to O -isolated O -rat O -renal O -glomeruli O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -compare O -the O -extraction O -behaviour O -of O -hexane O -, O -toluene O -, O -chloroform B-Chemical -, O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -dichloroethane O -, O -diethylether O -, O -ethyl O -acetate O -and O -acetone O -towards O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -, O -phenytoin B-Chemical -, O -primidone O -and O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -, O -partition O -coefficients O -of O -these O -drugs O -between O -the O -above O -solvents O -and O -water O -( O -saturated O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -when O -working O -with O -acetone O -) O -were O -measured O -at O -different O -pH O -- O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracellular O -localization O -of O -hepatic O -propionyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -and O -methylmalonyl O -- O -CoA O -mutase O -in O -humans O -and O -normal O -and O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -deficient O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subcellular O -site O -of O -propionyl O -CoA O -carboxylase O -and O -the O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -dependent O -- O -methylmalonyl O -CoA O -mutase O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -effects O -of O -beta O -- O -sympathomimetic O -drugs O -and O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -in O -normal O -and O -diabetic O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -therapy O -in O -a O -chemical O -diabetic O -patient O -caused O -diabetic O -ketoacidosis O -, O -while O -treatment O -of O -an O -insulin O -dependent O -diabetic O -with O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -alone O -resulted O -in O -a O -major O -increase O -in O -her O -insulin O -requirements O -. O - -aps B-category -Nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -studies O -on O -the O -binding O -of O -substrate O -, O -coenzymes O -, O -and O -effectors O -to O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -with O -two O -different O -stable O -nitroxides O -( O -spin O -labels O -) O -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -iodoacetamide O -spin O -label O -reacts O -with O -several O -groups O -, O -one O -of O -which O -is O -not O -a O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -fluorescence O -of O -the O -monomer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -value O -of O -k3 O -could O -also O -be O -obtained O -by O -measuring O -the O -rate O -of O -reactions O -between O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -and O -peroxidases O -at O -alkaline O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -by O -various O -acceptors O -catalyzed O -by O -submitochondrial O -particles O -and O -a O -partially O -purified O -NADH O -dehydrogenase O -from O -beef O -heart O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -partially O -purified O -NADH O -dehydrogenase O -prepared O -from O -these O -particles O -catalyzes O -an O -oxidation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -by O -acetylpyridine O -- O -NAD O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -to O -this O -site O -appears O -to O -be O -rate O -limiting O -for O -the O -overall O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -reduction O -of O -FMN O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -is O -at O -least O -two O -orders O -of O -magnitude O -lower O -than O -with O -NADH O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -interactions O -with O -isolated O -plant O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -with O -nitrite B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -proton O -transfer O -across O -the O -envelope O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -nitrite B-Chemical -leads O -to O -an O -acidificiation O -in O -the O -stroma O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -view O -of O -earlier O -results O -on O -the O -pH O -sensitivity O -of O -C02 O -fixation O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -this O -pH O -shift O -in O -the O -stroma O -is O -responsible O -for O -the O -observed O -inhibition O -of O -CO2 O -fixation O -by O -nitrite B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Malate O -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -and O -a O -number O -of O -other O -dicarboxylates O -are O -rapidly O -transported O -across O -the O -envelope O -leading O -to O -an O -accumulation O -in O -the O -chloroplasts O -. O - -aps B-category -Melanin O -inhibited O -rat O -liver O -phenylalanine O -hydroxylase O -, O -but O -activated O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -from O -rat O -brain O -( O -caudate O -nucleus O -) O -, O -rat O -adrenal O -glands O -, O -and O -bovine O -adrenal O -medulla O -. O - -aps B-category -Purified O -and O -extensively O -dialyzed O -bovine O -adrenal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -had O -two O -Km O -values O -with O -6 O -- O -methyltetrahydropterin O -, O -depending O -upon O -its O -concentrations O -, O -but O -the O -melanin O -- O -activated O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -had O -a O -single O -Km O -value O -and O -showed O -the O -classical O -Michaelis O -- O -Menten O -kinetics O -. O - -aps B-category -D O -- O -Amino O -acid O -oxidase O -( O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -( O -deaminating O -) O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -3 O -) O -apoenzyme O -, O -holoenzyme O -and O -the O -enzyme O -- O -benzoate O -complex O -were O -active O -and O -stable O -when O -immobilized O -to O -aminoalkyl O -or O -carboxyalkyl O -agarose O -, O -or O -to O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -activated I-Chemical -agarose O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -intravenously O -administered O -to O -rats O -, O -[ O -U O -- O -14C O -] O -glycine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labelled I-Chemical -GSSG B-Chemical -, O -GSH O -and O -its O -analogue O -ophthalmic O -acid O -were O -rapidly O -removed O -from O -the O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -, O -when O -entering O -the O -extracellular O -space O -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -and O -its O -analogues O -are O -completely O -hydrolysed O -and O -must O -be O -resynthesized O -after O -reuptake O -of O -the O -constituent O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Spin O -- O -trapping O -of O -the O -trichloromethyl O -radical O -produced O -during O -enzymic O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidation O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -or O -bromotrichloromethane O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -is O -obligatory O -for O -generation O -of O -the O -radical O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mechanism O -is O -proposed O -for O -the O -formation O -of O -the O -trichloromethyl O -radical O -from O -CCl4 B-Chemical -or O -BrCCl3 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -, O -whether O -the O -sample O -is O -a O -pure O -reagent O -or O -a O -mixture O -, O -the O -ratio O -of O -cumulative O -ions O -of O -a O -peak O -specific O -to O -the O -sample O -and O -of O -a O -selected O -peak O -of O -the O -internal O -standard O -is O -proportional O -to O -the O -sample O -size O -, O -the O -error O -being O -less O -than O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -5 O -% O -for O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -phenacetin B-Chemical -and O -caffeine B-Chemical -, O -and O -less O -than O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -7 O -% O -for O -barbital O -, O -allobarbital O -and O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -By O -the O -incubation O -of O -the O -immobilized O -A O -. O -aceris O -cells O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -0 O -, O -the O -NAD O -kinase O -activity O -increased O -and O -the O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -( O -ATP O -) O -- O -degradation O -activity O -disappeared O -completely O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -model O -structure O -was O -suggested O -by O -an O -extensive O -investigation O -of O -the O -causes O -of O -the O -lap O -phases O -of O -S O -. O -cerevisiae O -which O -found O -that O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -traditionally O -accepted O -trends O -, O -the O -length O -of O -the O -lap O -phase O -was O -not O -inoculum O -- O -size O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -some O -experiments O -the O -same O -drugs O -inhibited O -the O -nerurons O -of O -the O -posterior O -horns O -of O -the O -spinal O -cord O -activated O -by O -the O -nociceptive O -stimulation O -of O -the O -peripheral O -receptors O -in O -intraarterial O -administration O -of O -bradykinin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -origin O -and O -distribution O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -afferents O -to O -the O -rat O -frontal O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -sodium B-Chemical -influx O -( O -and O -seondary O -release O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -from O -intracellular O -stores O -) O -cannot O -be O -the O -basis O -for O -spider O -venom O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -striatal O -glutamate B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -after O -lesions O -of O -the O -nigrostriatal O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -Automatic O -titration O -method O -for O -determination O -of O -acid O -production O -from O -sugars O -and O -sugar B-Chemical -alcohols I-Chemical -in O -small O -samples O -of O -dental O -plaque O -material O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethanol O -- O -acetone O -precipitates O -from O -boar O -rete O -testis O -or O -caudal O -epididymal O -fluids O -inhibited O -the O -reaction O -of O -interstitial O -and O -Sertoli O -cells O -, O -but O -this O -inhibition O -in O -the O -sow O -was O -limited O -only O -to O -degenerative O -ovarian O -structures O -, O -probably O -due O -to O -an O -insufficient O -level O -of O -inhibiting O -antigen O -in O -these O -two O -seminal O -fluids O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -the O -very O -high O -concentration O -of O -relaxin O -in O -luteal O -cells O -of O -pregnant O -sows O -. O - -aps B-category -Secretion O -from O -the O -granular O -glands O -of O -Xenopus O -laevis O -skin O -was O -stimulated O -by O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -agonists O -, O -an O -effect O -which O -was O -blocked O -by O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonists O -and O -inhibited O -by O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonists O -, O -db B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cAMP I-Chemical -and O -diazoxide O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -tetraphenylborate O -as O -a O -titration O -agent O -in O -a O -heterogenous O -medium O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -activation O -is O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -independent I-Chemical -and O -non O -microsomal O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -activation O -was O -observed O -when O -glutathione B-Chemical -was O -added O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -totally O -denaturated O -S O -- O -9 O -fraction O -or O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -this O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -synthetic O -conjugate O -S O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -chloroethyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -gave O -a O -strong O -direct O -mutagenic O -effect O -at O -concentrations O -where O -no O -effects O -were O -seen O -with O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -dichloroethane O -. O - -aps B-category -Like O -the O -latter O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -dibromoethane O -was O -also O -activated O -by O -a O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -independent I-Chemical -process O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -physostigmine B-Chemical -nor O -hemicholinium B-Chemical -affected O -the O -dilator O -response O -to O -TNS O -, O -which O -persisted O -after O -administration O -of O -guanethidine B-Chemical -, O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -reserpine B-Chemical -, O -and O -chronic O -sympathectomy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cat O -cerebral O -artery O -segments O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -the O -isolated O -rabbit O -cerebral O -arteries O -which O -predominantly O -constrict O -in O -response O -to O -TNS O -and O -show O -a O -small O -dilator O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -factors O -influencing O -the O -measurement O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphokinase O -( O -CPK O -) O -activity O -in O -serum O -by O -coupled O -enzymatic O -methods O -were O -investigated O -to O -establish O -optimum O -conditions O -for O -this O -type O -of O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimum O -concentrations O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -NADP O -+ O -were O -found O -to O -be O -20 O -. O -0 O -, O -20 O -. O -0 O -and O -2 O -. O -0 O -mmol O -/ O -litre O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -acute O -( O -short O -- O -term O -) O -pain O -, O -anti O -- O -anxiety O -agents O -are O -useful O -, O -but O -in O -chronic O -pain O -antidepressants B-Chemical -are O -usually O -more O -appropriate O -. O - -aps B-category -Correlation O -between O -plasma O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -level O -and O -sedative O -and O -antihistamine O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Diphenhydramine B-Chemical -plasma O -elimination O -t1 O -/ O -2 O -was O -3 O -. O -0 O -to O -4 O -. O -3 O -hr O -, O -volume O -of O -distribution O -was O -188 O -to O -336 O -L O -, O -and O -clearance O -was O -637 O -to O -1 O -, O -014 O -ml O -/ O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Antihistamine O -effect O -, O -as O -measured O -by O -reduction O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -provoked O -skin O -wheal O -diameter O -, O -was O -significantly O -different O -from O -that O -of O -placebo O -for O -at O -least O -8 O -hr O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -peptic O -ulcer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -in O -regulation O -the O -circadian O -rhythm O -of O -locomotor O -activity O -in O -the O -cricket O -( O -Acheta O -domesticus O -L O -. O -) O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -melatonin B-Chemical -and O -related O -substances O -on O -dermal O -and O -epidermal O -melanophores O -of O -the O -siluroid O -, O -Parasilurus O -asotus O -. O - -aps B-category -Identification O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -serotonin B-Chemical -) O -released O -from O -the O -anterior O -byssus O -retractor O -muscle O -of O -Mytilus O -californianus O -in O -response O -to O -nerve O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -spectrum O -of O -kidney O -and O -urinary O -tract O -disorders O -related O -to O -purines O -comprises O -acute O -hyperuricosuric O -nephropathy O -, O -chronic O -urate B-Chemical -nephropathy O -and O -urolithiasis O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -urate B-Chemical -nephropathy O -still O -possess O -several O -problems O -: O -incidence O -( O -although O -this O -seems O -to O -be O -decreasing O -, O -presumably O -owing O -to O -effective O -prevention O -) O -, O -the O -source O -of O -interstitial O -urate B-Chemical -, O -the O -cause O -of O -the O -interstitial O -deposition O -of O -urate B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -role O -of O -urate B-Chemical -deposits O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -the O -interstitial O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Urolithiasis O -related O -to O -purines O -leads O -to O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urate I-Chemical -stones O -, O -xanthine B-Chemical -stones O -, O -2 O -, O -8 O -- O -dihydroxyadenine O -stones O -, O -iatrogenic O -xanthine B-Chemical -and O -oxipurinol O -stones O -, O -and O -possibly O -calcium B-Chemical -stones O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -remain O -several O -open O -questions O -about O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -lithiasis O -: O -incidence O -, O -the O -shift O -of O -its O -location O -from O -lower O -to O -upper O -urinary O -tract O -, O -the O -interplay O -of O -pathogenetic O -factors O -, O -and O -the O -role O -of O -compounds O -which O -inhibit O -crystallization O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -deficiency O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -in O -man O -is O -associated O -with O -one O -form O -of O -severe O -combined O -immunodeficiency O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -conversion O -of O -the O -small O -form O -into O -the O -large O -form O -needs O -a O -protein O -with O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -200 O -000 O -which O -has O -no O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -evidence O -includes O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -synthesis O -and O -storage O -of O -ATP O -in O -nerves O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -release O -of O -ATP O -from O -the O -nerves O -when O -they O -are O -stimulated O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -mimicry O -by O -exogenously O -applied O -ATP O -of O -the O -action O -of O -nerve O -- O -released O -transmitter O -; O -( O -4 O -) O -the O -presence O -of O -Mg2 O -+ O -- O -activated O -ATPase O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -nucleotidase O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -, O -enzymes O -which O -inactivate O -ATP O -; O -( O -5 O -) O -the O -similar O -blocking O -and O -potentiating O -effects O -produced O -by O -drugs O -on O -the O -responses O -to O -exogenously O -applied O -ATP O -and O -nerve O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -are O -discussed O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -functional O -maturation O -of O -the O -organ O -and O -the O -role O -of O -androgen B-Chemical -in O -this O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -Adult O -male O -rats O -treated O -neonatally O -with O -the O -monoamine O -depletor O -reserpine B-Chemical -also O -displayed O -increased O -nuclear O -volumes O -of O -the O -nerve O -cells O -in O -the O -medial O -and O -central O -amygdaloid O -nuclei O -in O -comparison O -to O -the O -control O -males O -but O -significantly O -decreased O -nuclear O -volumes O -in O -comparison O -to O -the O -pargylinized O -males O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -damage O -to O -the O -CAN O -did O -not O -alter O -the O -ovarian O -weight O -in O -prepubertal O -females O -, O -although O -COH O -was O -also O -induced O -in O -these O -animals O -by O -unilateral O -ovariectomy O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -mediating O -changes O -in O -mechanical O -events O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbachol B-Chemical -only O -reduced O -the O -maximum O -responses O -to O -the O -partial O -agonist O -( O -- O -- O -) O -- O -soterenol O -. O - -aps B-category -Soterenol O -was O -analyzed O -as O -a O -competitive O -antagonist O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -responses O -and O -the O -apparent O -dissociation O -constants O -( O -KA O -) O -for O -soterenol O -calculated O -to O -be O -1 O -. O -21 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -for O -receptors O -mediating O -positive O -chronotropic O -responses O -, O -3 O -. O -56 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -for O -receptors O -mediating O -positive O -inotropic O -responses O -, O -and O -2 O -. O -96 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -for O -receptors O -mediating O -increases O -in O -cyclic O -AMP O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiovascular O -responses O -to O -intraventricular O -adrenaline B-Chemical -in O -spontaneous O -hypertensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenaline B-Chemical -induced O -dose O -- O -related O -falls O -in O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -in O -both O -conscious O -and O -urethane B-Chemical -anaesthetised O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -urethane B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anaesthetised I-Chemical -rats O -, O -the O -hypotension O -and O -bradycardia O -induced O -by O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -pretreatment O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -or O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -while O -metoprolol B-Chemical -significantly O -antagonised O -only O -the O -bradycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -mecamylamine B-Chemical -( O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -adrenaline B-Chemical -are O -mediated O -by O -central O -adrenoceptors O -in O -SH O -rats O -and O -that O -, O -in O -conscious O -rats O -, O -these O -depressor O -effects O -may O -be O -mediated O -by O -central O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -rather O -than O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Superior O -cervical O -ganglia O -of O -rats O -grown O -in O -organ O -culture O -were O -used O -to O -study O -the O -effect O -of O -beta O -- O -receptor O -stimulants O -and O -antagonists O -on O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -noradrenaline I-Chemical -release O -in O -response O -to O -stimulation O -by O -KC1 O -( O -75 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoprenaline O -did O -not O -modify O -either O -the O -spontaneous O -( O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -calcium I-Chemical -dependent O -) O -release O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -noradrenaline I-Chemical -from O -cultured O -ganglia O -, O -or O -the O -KC1 O -- O -stimulated O -release O -from O -fresh O -ganglia O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoprenaline O -induced O -augmentation O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -noradrenaline I-Chemical -release O -and O -its O -antagonism O -by O -( O -- O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -still O -occurred O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -DMI O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -that O -the O -efficacy O -( O -intrinsic O -activity O -) O -of O -fenoterol O -is O -higher O -than O -that O -of O -salbutamol B-Chemical -on O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -in O -guinea O -- O -pig O -trachea O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -maximum O -shifts O -of O -the O -carbachol B-Chemical -concentration O -- O -- O -response O -lines O -by O -fenoterol O -and O -salbutamol B-Chemical -were O -( O -log O -units O -) O -1 O -. O -07 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -07 O -( O -n O -= O -5 O -) O -and O -0 O -. O -64 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -07 O -( O -n O -= O -5 O -) O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -- O -Adrenoceptor O -blocking O -properties O -of O -salbutamol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mM O -) O -but O -not O -fenoterol O -( O -1 O -mM O -) O -could O -be O -demonstrated O -on O -trachea O -in O -that O -salbutamol B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -fenoterol O -, O -antagonised O -the O -shift O -in O -the O -carbachol B-Chemical -concentration O -- O -- O -response O -line O -produced O -by O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Antagonism O -by O -mianserin B-Chemical -and O -classical O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -drugs O -of O -some O -cardiovascular O -and O -behavioral O -effects O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Estimation O -of O -presynaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -activity O -of O -these O -drugs O -was O -obtained O -by O -studying O -their O -ability O -to O -antagonize O -clonidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -suppression O -of O -positive O -chronotropic O -responses O -to O -sympathetic O -outflow O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Mianserin O -, O -piperoxan O -and O -yohimbine B-Chemical -antagonized O -clonidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -avoidance O -blockade O -or O -hypotension O -in O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -, O -but O -methysergide B-Chemical -, O -phenoxybenzamine O -and O -phentolamine B-Chemical -were O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Quantitative O -determination O -and O -the O -conditions O -for O -the O -extraction O -of O -hydrocodone O -phosphate B-Chemical -by O -toluene O -and O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -43Ca O -NMR O -study O -of O -the O -binding O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -to O -parvalbumins O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -A O -double O -adsorption O -technique O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -in O -human O -serum O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Corticosteroid O -- O -binding O -globulin O -( O -CBG O -) O -in O -human O -serum O -has O -been O -known O -since O -1958 O -to O -increase O -in O -response O -to O -estrogen B-Chemical -administration O -, O -and O -the O -degree O -of O -its O -elevation O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -closely O -dose O -- O -related O -and O -reasonably O -sensitive O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -procedure O -is O -based O -on O -the O -amount O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -required O -to O -saturate O -the O -CBG O -binding O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mixture O -of O -a O -known O -amount O -of O -unlabeled O -and O -labeled O -cortisol B-Chemical -is O -added O -to O -the O -sample O -in O -order O -to O -saturate O -the O -" O -stripped O -" O -binding O -sites O -of O -CBG O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -distinguish O -between O -cortisol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -to O -CBG O -and O -to O -albumin O -, O -" O -stripped O -" O -serum O -is O -heated O -for O -30 O -min O -at O -60 O -degrees O -C O -, O -the O -temperature O -which O -does O -not O -influence O -cortisol B-Chemical -binding O -by O -albumin O -but O -which O -does O -inactivate O -CBG O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -free O -cortisol B-Chemical -is O -removed O -by O -DCC O -and O -the O -bound O -cortisol B-Chemical -remaining O -in O -the O -supernatant O -is O -designated O -as O -the O -albumin O -- O -bound O -cortisol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Daily O -serum O -samples O -in O -five O -women O -revealed O -no O -significant O -variations O -in O -CBG O -- O -BC O -throughout O -the O -normal O -menstrual O -cycle O -despite O -fluctuating O -levels O -of O -serum O -estradiol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulatory O -effect O -of O -human O -chorionic O -gonadotropin O -on O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -uptake O -by O -amphibian O -follicles O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -in O -vitro O -fecal O -incubation O -system O -was O -used O -to O -demonstrate O -how O -lactulose O -influences O -ammonia B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -the O -colon O -. O - -aps B-category -Fermentable O -substrate O -caused O -a O -fall O -in O -ammonia B-Chemical -concentration O -during O -the O -period O -of O -fermentation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lactic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -mixture O -did O -not O -reduce O -ammonia B-Chemical -generation O -significantly O -below O -that O -found O -with O -acidification O -by O -hydrochloric O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -low O -pH O -in O -reducing O -generation O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -appears O -to O -be O -part O -of O -a O -general O -reduction O -in O -bacterial O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Observations O -concerning O -the O -metabolism O -of O -iodine B-Chemical -by O -polyps O -of O -Aurelia O -aurita O -. O - -aps B-category -Values O -of O -131I O -uptake O -, O -serum O -T4 O -and O -T3 O -, O -thyroid O -- O -stimulating O -hormone O -, O -and O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -hormone O -are O -all O -helpful O -in O -diagnosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -studied O -blood O -alcohol B-Chemical -levels O -and O -serum O -gamma O -- O -GT O -activity O -in O -18 O -drivers O -who O -caused O -car O -accidents O -while O -intoxicated O -, O -and O -in O -20 O -young O -volunteer O -subjects O -without O -any O -hepatic O -damage O -, O -in O -which O -an O -acute O -alcoholic O -intoxication O -was O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -immunized O -with O -the O -adenocarcinoma O -cells O -pretreated O -with O -trinitrophenylate O -, O -glutaraldehyde O -or O -formalin B-Chemical -, O -developed O -temporary O -resistance O -to O -the O -spontaneous O -mammary O -adenocarcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -treated O -with O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -accelerated O -tumor O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -on O -carbohydrate O -metabolism O -by O -washed O -cells O -of O -Streptococcus O -mutans O -grown O -at O -various O -pH O -values O -in O -a O -chemostat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -yield O -of O -cells O -was O -constant O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -and O -6 O -. O -0 O -( O -2 O -. O -00 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -) O -but O -fell O -to O -1 O -. O -25 O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -; O -Y O -( O -glucose B-Chemical -) O -was O -relatively O -constant O -under O -all O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -were O -harvested O -and O -monitored O -for O -their O -capacity O -to O -produce O -acid O -from O -endogenous O -polysaccharide O -and O -exogenous O -sugars O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -absence O -of O -NaF O -, O -as O -well O -as O -for O -their O -glucose B-Chemical -phosphoenolpyruvate O -( O -PEP O -) O -- O -phosphotransferase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -the O -fluoride B-Chemical -effect O -on O -endogenous O -and O -exogenous O -metabolism O -under O -pH O -fall O -conditions O -showed O -that O -, O -with O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -- O -and O -6 O -. O -0 O -- O -grown O -cells O -, O -the O -inhibitor O -was O -more O -effective O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -exogenous O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -than O -in O -its O -absence O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -evidence O -supports O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -S O -. O -mutans O -possesses O -at O -least O -two O -glucose B-Chemical -transport O -systems O -, O -one O -of O -which O -is O -relatively O -fluoride B-Chemical -insensitive O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -importance O -of O -pH O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -concentration O -on O -the O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -behavior O -of O -radiogallium O -. O - -aps B-category -Contrary O -to O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -bufuralol O -HCl O -induces O -a O -decrease O -of O -the O -peripheral O -resistance O -immediately O -. O - -aps B-category -Cefazolin O -is O -a O -semi O -- O -synthetic O -derivative O -of O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -C O -that O -has O -a O -lower O -cross O -- O -immunogenicity O -with O -penicillins B-Chemical -than O -do O -the O -other O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -cefazolin O -and O -cephalothin B-Chemical -were O -bactericidal O -for O -all O -100 O -isolates O -at O -concentrations O -of O -2 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -or O -less O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -potency O -of O -intravenous O -penbutolol O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -of O -penbutolol O -producing O -an O -effect O -equivalent O -to O -that O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -was O -calculating O -from O -the O -log O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -of O -penbutolol O -. O - -aps B-category -Daily O -24 O -hours O -urinary O -total O -estrogen B-Chemical -excretion O -rates O -were O -measured O -and O -HMG O -daily O -dosage O -was O -varied O -according O -to O -levels O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rapid O -rise O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -excretion O -occurred O -in O -over O -80 O -% O -of O -hyperstimulation O -cycles O -, O -including O -all O -severe O -ones O -, O -and O -it O -was O -found O -that O -this O -rise O -could O -occur O -after O -the O -last O -dosage O -of O -HMG O -had O -been O -given O -. O - -aps B-category -Efforts O -to O -compare O -adrenergic O -and O -cholinergic O -stimulation O -showed O -that O -both O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -and O -bethanechol B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -increased O -muscular O -activity O -17 O -- O -24 O -% O -of O -that O -induced O -by O -epinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -Conditions O -have O -been O -found O -which O -achieve O -selective O -reaction O -of O -diazotized O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -benzoate O -with O -cysteine B-Chemical -residues O -of O -rabbit O -muscle O -aldolase O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotics O -to O -acidic O -mucopolysaccharides O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduction O -of O -metachromasis O -by O -an O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -was O -also O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -According O -to O -reactivity O -, O -the O -following O -descending O -order O -of O -affinity O -was O -obtained O -for O -each O -family O -: O -neomycin O -, O -gentamicin B-Chemical -, O -sagamicin O -, O -kanamycin B-Chemical -and O -streptomycin B-Chemical -; O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -chondroitin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -and O -hyaluronic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -paper O -describes O -an O -ex O -post O -facto O -study O -comparing O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -decanoate O -, O -a O -long O -acting O -antipsychotic O -medication O -, O -with O -a O -variety O -of O -oral O -antipsychotics O -in O -reducing O -the O -number O -of O -readmissions O -of O -two O -groups O -of O -chronic O -psychotic O -patients O -to O -a O -state O -operated O -mental O -health O -facility O -. O - -aps B-category -Heal O -illness O -syndrome O -and O -lithium B-Chemical -intoxication O -. O - -aps B-category -New O -approach O -to O -the O -rehabilitation O -of O -the O -hard O -core O -drug O -addict O -( O -heroin B-Chemical -methadone B-Chemical -addicts O -) O -a O -pilot O -community O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -pilot O -study O -was O -conducted O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -ex B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methadone I-Chemical -addicts O -with O -large O -dosages O -of O -antidepressants B-Chemical -and O -anxiolytics O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -suggests O -a O -possibility O -for O -detoxification O -from O -methadone B-Chemical -and O -control O -of O -relapse O -by O -antidepressants B-Chemical -and O -anxiolytics O -. O - -aps B-category -Experience O -with O -the O -use O -of O -tranquilizing O -drugs O -in O -the O -control O -of O -anxiety O -and O -in O -attempts O -at O -behavior O -modification O -, O -prompted O -a O -controlled O -study O -in O -the O -use O -of O -the O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -at O -the O -Utah O -state O -prison O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -pharmacological O -and O -theoretical O -comparison O -of O -high O -and O -low O -potency O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Greater O -affinity O -for O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -and O -twenty O -to O -seventy O -- O -fold O -greater O -milligram O -and O -molar O -potency O -are O -advanced O -as O -arguments O -for O -greater O -specificity O -of O -high O -potency O -drugs O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -psychoses O -. O - -aps B-category -Environment O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -in O -alpha O -- O -lactalbumin O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -supported I-Chemical -lipid O -peroxidation O -was O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -the O -antibody O -against O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -, O -confirming O -the O -participation O -of O -this O -this O -flavoprotein O -in O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Cathepsin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -I I-Chemical -was O -partially O -purified O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -fractionation O -and O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -column O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -did O -not O -hydrolyze O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -L O -- O -phenylalanyl O -- O -3 O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diiodo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -, O -a O -synthetic O -substrate O -for O -pepsin O -, O -but O -was O -inhibited O -by O -a O -series O -of O -pepsin O -inhibitors O -such O -as O -pepstatin O -, O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -epoxy O -- O -3 O -- O -( O -p O -- O -nitrophenoxy O -) O -propane O -, O -p O -- O -bromophenacyl O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -and O -diazoacetyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DL I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norleucine I-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -, O -although O -the O -diazo O -reagent O -was O -a O -rather O -weak O -inhibitor O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenase O -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -of O -Candida O -utilis O -and O -baker O -' O -s O -yeast O -, O -when O -in O -anionic O -form O -, O -were O -adsorbed O -on O -a O -cation O -exchanger O -, O -P O -- O -cellulose O -, O -due O -to O -affinities O -similar O -to O -those O -for O -the O -phosphoric O -groups O -of O -their O -respective O -substrates O -; O -thus O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -readily O -eluted O -by O -either O -NADP O -+ O -or O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenase O -by O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -, O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -by O -either O -ATP O -or O -ADP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -Mg2 O -+ O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -- O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -EDTA O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -- O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -or O -NaCl B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -both O -the O -3 O -' O -- O -and O -5 O -' O -- O -terminal O -positions O -, O -purine B-Chemical -nucleotides O -were O -predominant O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -preheparin O -aliesterase O -activity O -was O -very O -sensitive O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -and O -insensitive O -to O -a O -negatively O -charged O -detergent O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -lauryl O -sulfate O -, O -unlike O -the O -postheparin O -esterase O -which O -was O -highly O -sensitive O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -lauryl O -sulfate O -and O -comparatively O -less O -sensitive O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -site O -, O -which O -is O -specific O -for O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -binds O -this O -cation O -in O -a O -negatively O -cooperative O -fashion O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -the O -pH O -range O -of O -activity O -is O -very O -broad O -, O -both O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -monoanion O -and O -dianion O -of O -P O -- O -glycolate O -must O -be O -bound O -as O -the O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -P O -- O -glycolate O -. O -magnesium B-Chemical -complex O -is O -kinetically O -inactive O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -obtained O -in O -a O -1000 O -- O -fold O -purified O -and O -apparently O -homogeneous O -form O -by O -a O -procedures O -involving O -treatment O -with O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -followed O -by O -chromatography O -on O -thiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Sepharose I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -toward O -a O -variety O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -di O -- O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -showed O -that O -the O -enzyme O -is O -much O -more O -active O -toward O -certain O -di O -- O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -than O -toward O -the O -corresponding O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -; O -thus O -, O -the O -preferred O -substrates O -have O -the O -general O -structure O -gamma O -- O -Glu O -- O -gamma O -- O -Glu O -- O -NH O -- O -R O -in O -which O -the O -nature O -of O -the O -R O -moiety O -has O -relatively O -little O -effect O -on O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -an O -activated O -DNA O -template O -, O -the O -pH O -optimum O -was O -7 O -. O -2 O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -and O -the O -Mg2 O -+ O -concentration O -optimum O -was O -5 O -to O -10 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -chemical O -modification O -and O -19F O -NMR O -in O -the O -assignment O -of O -a O -pK O -value O -to O -the O -active O -site O -lysyl O -residue O -in O -aspartate B-Chemical -transaminase O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -investigation O -was O -undertaken O -to O -test O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -steroidal O -20 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -21 O -- O -aldehydes O -are O -intermediates O -in O -an O -alternative O -pathway O -of O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -metabolism O -leading O -to O -steroidal O -20 O -, O -21 O -- O -diols O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -17 O -- O -glycols O -were O -derived O -from O -their O -respective O -steroid B-Chemical -aldols O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alpha O -- O -methyl O -and O -alpha O -- O -ethyl O -analogs O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfoximine O -, O -like O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfoximine O -, O -induce O -convulsions O -in O -mice O -and O -inhibit O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -irreversibly O -; O -alpha O -- O -ethylmethionine O -sulfoximine O -is O -approximately O -50 O -% O -as O -inhibitory O -as O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfoximine O -and O -alpha O -- O -methylmethionine O -sulfoximine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -strongly O -indicate O -that O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfoximine O -- O -induced O -convulsions O -are O -closely O -associated O -with O -inhibition O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -rather O -than O -with O -inhibition O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamylcysteine O -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -explanations O -for O -the O -reported O -lack O -of O -correlation O -between O -the O -occurrence O -of O -convulsions O -and O -the O -levels O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -( O -and O -its O -substrates O -and O -product O -) O -are O -considered O -. O - -aps B-category -Native O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamoylase O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -was O -modified O -with O -the O -bifunctional O -reagent O -tartaryl O -diazide O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -substrate O -carbamoyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -the O -substrate O -analog O -succinate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Michaelis O -constant O -for O -aspartate B-Chemical -( O -7 O -. O -4 O -mM O -) O -is O -similar O -to O -that O -estimated O -for O -the O -relaxed O -state O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -; O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -and O -several O -enzyme O -forms O -resulting O -from O -the O -weak O -binding O -to O -L O -- O -alpha O -- O -aminobutyrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydroxylation O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -A1 O -and O -E1 O -by O -liver O -microsomal O -monooxygenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -depolymerizing O -effects O -of O -high O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -substantially O -reversible O -, O -providing O -further O -evidence O -for O -6 O -S O -- O -oligomer O -equilibria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -process O -of O -envelope O -formation O -by O -suspension O -cultures O -is O -actually O -accelerated O -by O -the O -inhibitors O -of O -protein O -synthesis O -; O -an O -increased O -number O -of O -cells O -with O -cross O -- O -linked O -envelopes O -is O -observable O -within O -4 O -- O -6 O -h O -after O -the O -addition O -of O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -standards O -for O -the O -bioassay O -of O -aminoglycosides B-Chemical -in O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -Standards O -prepared O -in O -pooled O -human O -serum O -were O -the O -best O -alternative O -to O -CSF O -for O -the O -assay O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -and O -were O -also O -useful O -for O -the O -assay O -of O -tobramycin B-Chemical -, O -netilmicin B-Chemical -, O -amikacin B-Chemical -, O -and O -sisomicin O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -four O -- O -week O -double O -- O -blind O -comparison O -between O -lorazepam B-Chemical -and O -placebo O -involving O -60 O -patients O -with O -anxiety O -revealed O -that O -lorazepam B-Chemical -in O -a O -mean O -dose O -of O -approximately O -3 O -mg O -on O -a O -b O -. O -i O -. O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -Ringer O -' O -s O -solution O -alone O -, O -there O -is O -a O -depression O -of O -pH O -because O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimal O -concentration O -is O -450 O -mg O -% O -( O -= O -50 O -mM O -/ O -1 O -) O -sodium B-Chemical -lactate B-Chemical -, O -provided O -the O -following O -conditions O -are O -fulfilled O -: O -( O -a O -) O -substitution O -after O -the O -filter O -; O -( O -b O -) O -mixing O -ratio O -of O -blood O -and O -substitution O -fluid O -1 O -: O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -continuous O -addition O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -the O -serum O -concentration O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -is O -3 O -. O -5 O -times O -normal O -and O -the O -concentration O -of O -serum O -pyruvate B-Chemical -4 O -times O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sieving O -coefficients O -were O -the O -following O -: O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -urea B-Chemical -, O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -1 O -; O -chloride B-Chemical -greater O -then O -1 O -; O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -protein O -less O -than O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -fair O -correlation O -between O -the O -CEA O -levels O -determined O -by O -the O -solid O -- O -phase O -radioimmunoassay O -and O -zirconium O -phosphate B-Chemical -gel O -method O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -therapy O -of O -Proteus O -mirabilis O -meningitis O -with O -gentamicin B-Chemical -alone O -and O -in O -combination O -with O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -a O -rabbit O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -minimal O -bactericidal O -concentration O -( O -MBC O -) O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -was O -1 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -, O -killing O -in O -vivo O -occurred O -only O -when O -concentrations O -in O -CSF O -were O -10 O -- O -- O -30 O -times O -the O -MBC O -. O - -aps B-category -Titers O -of O -bacteria O -in O -CSF O -were O -reduced O -2 O -. O -60 O -log10 O -( O -mean O -) O -with O -gentamicin B-Chemical -therapy O -vs O -. O -0 O -. O -92 O -log10 O -( O -mean O -) O -with O -combination O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -A O -study O -on O -thromboembolic O -complication O -of O -the O -mitral O -valve O -with O -Starr O -- O -Edwards O -ball O -valve O -prostheses O -with O -reference O -to O -a O -combined O -anticoagulation O -utilizing O -warfarin B-Chemical -and O -bucolome O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitrogenase O -synthesis O -in O -Klebsiella O -pneumoniae O -: O -comparison O -of O -ammonium B-Chemical -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -regulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxygen O -also O -repressed O -nitrogenase O -in O -a O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -constitutive O -derivative O -of O -K O -. O -pneumoniae O -( O -strain O -SK24 O -) O -which O -escapes O -NH4 O -+ O -repression O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -influencing O -the O -susceptibility O -of O -Candida O -albicans O -to O -the O -polyenoic O -antibiotics O -nystatin O -and O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Vacuoles O -which O -had O -formed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -several O -cations O -, O -( O -K O -+ O -, O -Rb O -+ O -, O -tris O -+ O -, O -choline B-Chemical -+ O -) O -failed O -to O -disappear O -when O -cells O -were O -incubated O -at O -a O -temperature O -sufficient O -to O -revert O -vacuoles O -formed O -in O -Na O -+ O -- O -containing O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -growth O -hormone O -( O -hGH O -) O -and O -prolactin O -( O -hPRL O -) O -responses O -to O -oral O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -were O -studied O -in O -two O -groups O -of O -patients O -with O -Huntington O -' O -s O -chorea O -and O -in O -seven O -healthy O -control O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -medication O -was O -stopped O -72 O -hours O -before O -the O -investigation O -which O -involved O -taking O -blood O -samples O -for O -up O -to O -210 O -minutes O -after O -taking O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -basal O -concentrations O -of O -hPRL O -were O -also O -not O -different O -, O -apart O -from O -the O -findings O -of O -elevated O -hPRL O -concentrations O -in O -three O -patients O -previously O -treated O -with O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lower O -peak O -hGH O -response O -to O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -found O -in O -the O -patients O -suggests O -that O -there O -may O -be O -an O -alteration O -of O -dopaminergic O -neurones O -mediating O -hGH O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -dietary O -biotin B-Chemical -level O -on O -growth O -, O -metabolism O -and O -pathology O -of O -rainbow O -trout O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -basal O -levels O -of O -biotin B-Chemical -in O -the O -two O -series O -of O -diets O -were O -: O -0 O -. O -51 O -and O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -diets O -were O -supplemented O -with O -graded O -levels O -of O -D O -biotin B-Chemical -( O -0 O -, O -0 O -. O -25 O -0 O -. O -5 O -, O -or O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Feeding O -these O -diets O -to O -rainbow O -trout O -for O -24 O -weeks O -showed O -that O -both O -the O -practical O -diet O -containing O -egg O -white O -, O -and O -the O -unsupplemented O -, O -purified O -diet O -were O -biotin B-Chemical -deficient O -, O -all O -the O -other O -diets O -contained O -adequate O -amounts O -of O -biotin B-Chemical -to O -support O -growth O -and O -prevent O -mortality O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biotin B-Chemical -deficient O -fish O -were O -anorexic O -, O -and O -exhibited O -degeneration O -of O -the O -gills O -: O -shortening O -and O -thickening O -of O -the O -lamellae O -and O -hypertrophy O -and O -hyperplasia O -of O -the O -heterogenous O -epithelial O -cells O -of O -the O -lamellae O -. O - -aps B-category -Streptococcus O -pneumoniae O -resistant O -to O -erythromycin B-Chemical -and O -clindamycin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -buccal O -absorption O -characteristics O -and O -physicochemical O -properties O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agents O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -atenolol B-Chemical -have O -been O -investigated O -to O -evaluate O -their O -permeation O -properties O -across O -biological O -lipid O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -course O -of O -absorption O -suggests O -membrane O -storage O -of O -lipophilic O -compounds O -; O -the O -in O -vivo O -partition O -coefficient O -of O -unionized O -propranolol B-Chemical -relative O -to O -the O -mucous O -membrane O -could O -be O -calculated O -for O -the O -peusdo O -- O -steady O -state O -of O -absorption O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -Circling O -behaviour O -following O -the O -unilateral O -intranigral O -injection O -of O -the O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -transaminase O -inhibitor O -ethanolamine O -- O -O O -- O -sulphate O -, O -( O -EOS O -) O -, O -or O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -inhibitor O -p O -- O -chlorophenylalanine O -( O -pCPA O -) O -was O -compared O -, O -both O -for O -spontaneous O -circling O -and O -for O -circling O -induced O -by O -apomorphine B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -ipsilateral O -dopamine B-Chemical -release O -within O -the O -corpus O -striatrum O -accompanied O -this O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -release O -following O -acute O -selective O -sympathetic O -nerve O -stimulation O -of O -the O -heart O -, O -spleen O -and O -mesentery O -. O - -aps B-category -20 O -h O -before O -experiment O -) O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -corticosterone B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -8 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -tropolone O -( O -3 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -4 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -and O -disodium O -EDTA O -( O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -the O -potency O -ratios O -( O -relative O -to O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -noradrenaline I-Chemical -) O -of O -( O -- O -) O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -phenylephrine I-Chemical -and O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -methoxamine I-Chemical -were O -( O -m O -+ O -/ O -- O -s O -. O -e O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -The O -pA2 O -value O -of O -phentolamine B-Chemical -in O -rabbits O -ileum O -was O -not O -significantly O -different O -whether O -( O -- O -) O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -or O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -methoxamine B-Chemical -was O -used O -as O -agonist O -( O -7 O -. O -91 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -07 O -and O -7 O -. O -97 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -06 O -respectively O -) O -while O -that O -of O -yohimbine B-Chemical -was O -5 O -. O -56 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -10 O -using O -( O -- O -) O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -6 O -. O -19 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -12 O -using O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -methoxamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Light O -scattering O -, O -conductivity O -and O -pH O -methods O -have O -been O -used O -to O -examine O -the O -aggregation O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -of O -a O -series O -of O -antidepressant B-Chemical -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -association O -of O -dibenzepin O -, O -mianserin B-Chemical -or O -maprotiline O -hydrochlorides O -could O -be O -detected O -up O -to O -their O -respective O -solubility O -limits O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enterohepatic O -circulation O -of O -oxazepam B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -O I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucuronide I-Chemical -in O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -( O -E O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -( O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -Dihydroxyphenyl O -) O -cyclopropylamine O -hydrochloride O -( O -ASL O -- O -7003 O -) O -: O -a O -rigid O -analogue O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -effects O -of O -pemoline B-Chemical -, O -amfonelic O -acid O -and O -amphetamine B-Chemical -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -release O -in O -vitro O -and O -on O -brain O -3 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxyphenylacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -concentration O -in O -spiperone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -potential O -interaction O -between O -gentamicin B-Chemical -and O -cephalexin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -has O -been O -made O -of O -the O -effects O -produced O -on O -the O -disintegration O -and O -dissolution O -times O -of O -chloroquine B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -tablets O -by O -varying O -their O -moisture O -and O -starch O -contents O -and O -the O -distribution O -of O -the O -starch O -in O -the O -formulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proportions O -of O -the O -main O -components O -present O -in O -gentamicin B-Chemical -sulphate O -complex O -, O -gentamicins O -C1 O -, O -C1a O -and O -C2 O -, O -can O -be O -monitored O -by O -1H O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -( O -nmr O -) O -spectrometry O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reference O -standards O -and O -all O -batches O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -sulphate O -intended O -for O -therapeutic O -use O -in O -the O -United O -Kingdom O -examined O -by O -this O -procedure O -comply O -with O -the O -limits O -laid O -down O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -fluorescent O -degradation O -product O -of O -cephalexin B-Chemical -, O -recently O -employed O -in O -the O -determination O -of O -this O -antibiotic O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -and O -human O -plasma O -, O -has O -been O -isolated O -and O -identified O -as O -2 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -3 O -- O -phenyl O -- O -6 O -- O -methylpyrazine O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -reported O -methods O -for O -the O -fluorimetric O -determination O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -have O -also O -been O -found O -to O -yield O -the O -same O -degradation O -product O -and O -not O -the O -suggested O -diketopiperazine O -structure O -. O - -aps B-category -Strains O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -, O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -and O -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -harbouring O -plasmids O -that O -confer O -mercury O -resistance O -grew O -in O -nutrient O -broth O -containing O -concentrations O -of O -phenylmercuric O -nitrate B-Chemical -( O -PMN O -) O -that O -were O -inhibitory O -to O -isogenic O -plasmid O -- O -less O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -compared O -the O -melanophore O -- O -stimulating O -action O -of O -four O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -, O -trifluoperazine O -, O -perphenazine O -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -and O -prochlorperazine B-Chemical -, O -with O -alpha O -- O -MSH O -on O -the O -skin O -of O -the O -lizard O -Anolis O -carolinensis O -, O -using O -a O -new O -rate O -method O -of O -bioassay O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -may O -therefore O -stimulate O -melanosome O -dispersion O -in O -the O -lizard O -skin O -by O -the O -same O -mechanism O -as O -alpha O -- O -MSH O -; O -a O -MSH O -- O -mimetic O -action O -of O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -may O -similarly O -explain O -their O -pigmentary O -action O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -18 O -compounds O -only O -three O -, O -penicillin B-Chemical -, O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -and O -nystatin O -were O -free O -of O -hair O -cell O -toxicity O -and O -inflammatory O -effects O -on O -the O -middle O -ear O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -salicylate I-Chemical -( O -177 O -. O -8 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -, O -by O -mouth O -) O -was O -given O -with O -[ O -14C O -] O -warfarin B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -an O -enhancement O -of O -the O -biliary O -elimination O -of O -14C O -in O -the O -first O -5 O -h O -after O -salicylate B-Chemical -and O -a O -decrease O -in O -14C O -concentration O -in O -blood O -; O -the O -proportion O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -to O -its O -metabolites O -excreted O -in O -the O -urine O -and O -bile O -was O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Salicylate B-Chemical -increases O -the O -initial O -biliary O -elimination O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -by O -displacing O -some O -of O -that O -bound O -to O -plasma O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -did O -not O -modify O -the O -hypoprothrombinaemia O -produced O -by O -warfarin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Those O -induced O -by O -aspirin B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -pylorus O -- O -ligated O -rats O -were O -not O -affected O -by O -either O -antihistamine O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -salicylate B-Chemical -inhibited O -both O -indomethacin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -lesions O -and O -those O -produced O -by O -aspirin B-Chemical -in O -pylorus O -- O -ligated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Investigation O -of O -the O -role O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -- O -receptors O -in O -the O -control O -of O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Antagonism O -by O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -of O -the O -stereotyped O -behaviour O -produced O -by O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -in O -reserpinized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -interaction O -with O -the O -serotoninergic O -- O -dopaminergic O -mechanisms O -in O -the O -nucleus O -accumbens O -. O - -aps B-category -Lack O -of O -effect O -of O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -on O -the O -activity O -of O -monoamine O -oxidase O -in O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -nomifensine B-Chemical -on O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -accumulation O -and O -contractile O -responses O -in O -the O -rat O -anococcygeus O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -depleting O -drugs O -and O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -on O -self O -- O -stimulation O -of O -the O -substantia O -nigra O -and O -locus O -coeruleus O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -chronic O -reduction O -of O -brain O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -an O -acute O -depression O -of O -self O -- O -stimulation O -of O -both O -the O -locus O -coeruleus O -and O -substantia O -nigra O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -a O -dose O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltyrosine I-Chemical -wihch O -had O -no O -effect O -in O -control O -rats O -or O -in O -rats O -with O -brain O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -depleted O -caused O -a O -significant O -reduction O -in O -responding O -at O -both O -electrode O -placements O -in O -animals O -depleted O -of O -brain O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -sulfate O -was O -given O -to O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -, O -the O -facilitation O -of O -self O -- O -stimulation O -produced O -by O -this O -compound O -was O -significantly O -attenuated O -in O -rats O -with O -prior O -depletion O -of O -brain O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -other O -experiments O -, O -the O -actions O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -to O -increase O -self O -- O -stimulation O -of O -animals O -pretreated O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -antagonized O -by O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltyrosine I-Chemical -but O -not O -by O -U O -- O -14 O -, O -624 O -. O - -aps B-category -Enhancement O -by O -choline B-Chemical -of O -the O -induction O -of O -adrenal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -by O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -, O -insulin O -or O -exposure O -to O -cold O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -treatments O -include O -the O -systemic O -administration O -of O -the O -drugs O -phenoxybenzamine O -and O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -, O -insulin O -- O -induced O -hypoglycemia O -, O -and O -prolonged O -exposure O -to O -cold O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -studies O -, O -rats O -received O -both O -choline B-Chemical -and O -one O -of O -the O -above O -treatments O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -strongly O -support O -the O -view O -that O -choline B-Chemical -availability O -determines O -both O -the O -amount O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -present O -in O -nerve O -terminals O -and O -the O -amount O -liberated O -when O -cholinergic O -neurons O -fire O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -verapamil B-Chemical -on O -excitation O -- O -contraction O -coupling O -in O -frog O -sartorius O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -and O -strontium O -concentration O -changes O -within O -skinned O -muscle O -preparations O -following O -a O -change O -in O -the O -external O -bathing O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -10 O -mM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -caffeine I-Chemical -in O -all O -bathing O -solutions O -reduced O -drastically O -the O -ability O -of O -the O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -to O -accumulate O -both O -Ca O -and O -Sr O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -electrical O -parameters O -measured O -concomitantly O -with O -the O -rate O -of O -fluid O -transport O -in O -given O -experiments O -, O -the O -expected O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -the O -transported O -fluid O -was O -0 O -. O -30 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -08 O -and O -0 O -. O -38 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -08 O -mole O -/ O -l O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -there O -are O -indications O -that O -the O -net O -transport O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -in O -these O -cells O -is O -slow O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -membrane O -potential O -was O -measured O -as O -a O -function O -of O -extracellular O -chloride B-Chemical -concentration O -( O -5 O -- O -120mM O -) O -, O -using O -an O -impermeant O -anion O -( O -Para B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hippurate I-Chemical -) O -as O -a O -substitute O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -membrane O -potentials O -and O -the O -corresponding O -chloride B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -medium O -( O -at O -constant O -intracellular O -ion O -concentrations O -) O -, O -the O -GCl O -of O -the O -membrane O -was O -calculated O -to O -be O -3 O -. O -9 O -x O -10 O -- O -7 O -omega O -- O -1 O -cm O -- O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -large O -discrepancy O -between O -the O -rate O -of O -exchange O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -and O -its O -conductance O -is O -in O -agreement O -with O -measurements O -on O -human O -and O -sheep O -red O -cells O -employing O -the O -ionophore O -valinomycin O -to O -increase O -the O -potassium B-Chemical -conductance O -of O -the O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Amino O -acids O -as O -transmitters O -: O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -taurine O -and O -serine O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacology O -of O -Sch O -11973 O -, O -N O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -phenylisopropyl O -) O -- O -N O -- O -p O -- O -toluene O -sulfonyl O -urea B-Chemical -, O -a O -potential O -new O -antianginal O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitroglycerin B-Chemical -, O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -04 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -given O -bucally O -, O -exerted O -less O -protection O -, O -lasting O -on O -the O -average O -less O -than O -15 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -Involvement O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -- O -and O -H2 O -- O -receptors O -in O -induced O -asthmas O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -experimentally O -induced O -bronchoconstriction O -and O -bronchosecretion O -, O -with O -ascaris O -suum O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -anesthetized O -dogs O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -Rrs O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -inhalation O -was O -effectively O -inhibited O -or O -abolished O -by O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -3 O -- O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -Rrs O -by O -antigen O -inhalation O -was O -reduced O -by O -relatively O -high O -doses O -of O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -- O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -hypersecretion O -of O -tracheobronchial O -fluid O -in O -both O -asthmas O -was O -significantly O -prevented O -by O -either O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -or O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -histamine B-Chemical -is O -involved O -in O -the O -allergic O -asthma O -produced O -by O -ascaris O -suum O -and O -that O -histamine B-Chemical -directly O -evokes O -airway O -constriction O -through O -H1 O -- O -receptors O -and O -hypersecretion O -of O -tracheobronchial O -fluid O -through O -H1 O -- O -and O -H2 O -- O -receptors O -, O -and O -, O -in O -part O -, O -indirectly O -activates O -the O -cholinergic O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -Papaverine O -( O -Pap O -) O -inhibited O -a O -tonic O -tension O -development O -in O -guinea O -pig O -taenia O -coli O -induced O -by O -an O -elevation O -of O -the O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -the O -medium O -to O -40 O -mM O -( O -40 O -- O -K O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -and O -control O -of O -human O -erythrocyte O -zinc B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -albumin O -in O -blood O -plasma O -appears O -to O -be O -the O -main O -zinc B-Chemical -binding O -moiety O -, O -effectively O -limiting O -zinc B-Chemical -availability O -ot O -the O -red O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -an O -albumin O -- O -containing O -media O -, O -the O -influx O -on O -red O -blood O -cell O -zinc B-Chemical -is O -lightly O -temperature O -sensitive O -( O -decreased O -) O -between O -37 O -degrees O -C O -and O -25 O -degrees O -C O -, O -whereas O -with O -cells O -in O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -buffer O -alone O -temperature O -sensitivity O -does O -not O -begin O -until O -below O -25 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Over O -the O -physiological O -range O -, O -pH O -variation O -has O -a O -minimal O -effect O -on O -zinc B-Chemical -uptake O -regardless O -of O -the O -media O -employed O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -human O -erythrocytes O -are O -highly O -permeable O -to O -zinc B-Chemical -, O -with O -the O -rate O -and O -amount O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -taken O -up O -controlled O -primarily O -by O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -binding O -characteristics O -of O -the O -media O -in O -which O -the O -cells O -are O -suspended O -. O - -aps B-category -Transport O -of O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -by O -the O -haustorial O -mycoparasite O -Tieghemiomyces O -parasiticus O -in O -axenic O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -Transport O -occurred O -against O -a O -concentration O -gradient O -and O -required O -the O -expenditure O -of O -energy O -supplied O -by O -metabolic O -reactions O -that O -were O -inhibited O -by O -catalytic O -amounts O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -azide O -and O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dinitrophenol O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -transport O -in O -this O -mycoparasite O -occurs O -by O -an O -energy O -dependent O -, O -protein O -- O -mediated O -process O -characteristic O -of O -active O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -dl O -- O -5 O -- O -methyl O -- O -8 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -3 O -- O -t O -- O -butylaminopropoxy O -) O -coumarin B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -( O -bucumolol O -) O -in O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -local O -transconformations O -, O -especially O -those O -revealed O -by O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -exchange O -method O -, O -are O -characterized O -by O -weak O -temperature O -dependence O -of O -the O -equilibrium O -constant O -( O -local O -temperature O -- O -independent O -( O -TI O -) O -transconformations O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dependance O -of O -reaction O -rate O -on O -the O -concentration O -of O -substrates O -and O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -has O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -LSD O -labels O -a O -novel O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -in O -molluscan O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Pentobarbital B-Chemical -( O -30 O -and O -60 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -chloral O -hydrate O -( O -300 O -and O -600 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -administered O -in O -anesthetic O -/ O -hypnotic O -doses O -produced O -significant O -increases O -in O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -cerebral O -cortex O -, O -striatum O -, O -hippocampus O -and O -brainstem O -. O - -aps B-category -Alprazolam B-Chemical -and O -ketazolam O -had O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -regional O -distribution O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -in O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Bone O -marrow O -transplantation O -and O -( O -or O -) O -immunosuppression O -with O -antithymocyte B-Chemical -globulin I-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -aplastic O -anemia O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -MSH O -in O -serum O -after O -estrogen B-Chemical -or O -progesterone B-Chemical -injection O -into O -gonadectomized O -rats O -was O -measured O -by O -a O -biological O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -Progesterone B-Chemical -injection O -into O -spayed O -rats O -also O -resulted O -in O -an O -increase O -of O -serum O -MSH O -concentration O -, O -but O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -changes O -observed O -after O -EB O -treatment O -high O -values O -were O -found O -in O -the O -morning O -for O -3 O -consecutive O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Progesterone B-Chemical -increased O -only O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -system O -which O -yields O -MRF O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -demonstrate O -a O -sex O -difference O -on O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -MSH O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -check O -the O -hypothesis O -of O -an O -identity O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -and O -prolactin O -inhibiting O -activity O -( O -PIF O -) O -, O -their O -subcellular O -distribution O -was O -studied O -in O -the O -mediobasal O -hypothalamus O -( O -MBH O -) O -and O -the O -striatum O -, O -which O -served O -as O -a O -control O -structure O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -striatal O -PIF O -activity O -was O -detected O -only O -in O -P2 O -, O -and O -disappeared O -completely O -upon O -alumina O -adsorption O -, O -thus O -indicating O -that O -, O -in O -this O -structure O -, O -it O -is O -entirely O -due O -to O -DA O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -MBH O -contains O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -PIF O -, O -which O -, O -as O -already O -shown O -for O -several O -other O -neurohormones O -, O -is O -exclusively O -distributed O -in O -nerve O -- O -endings O -. O - -aps B-category -Bilateral O -adrenalectomy O -: O -factors O -affecting O -hepatic O -protein O -synthesis O -following O -a O -single O -tube O -- O -feeding O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -h O -after O -tryptophan B-Chemical -force O -- O -feeding O -, O -the O -capacity O -of O -liver O -cell O -sap O -, O -pH O -5 O -enzyme O -and O -pH O -5 O -supernatant O -to O -support O -protein O -synthesis O -was O -greatly O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Initiation O -factors O -prepared O -from O -tryptophan B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fed I-Chemical -adrenalectomized O -rats O -stimulated O -polyuridylic O -- O -acid O -- O -directed O -polyphenylalanine O -synthesis O -to O -a O -greater O -extent O -than O -those O -from O -livers O -of O -water O -- O -fed O -adrenalectomized O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -and O -chloride B-Chemical -transport O -in O -the O -isolated O -human O -cornea O -. O - -aps B-category -Alkalinization O -of O -the O -bathing O -solution O -to O -pH O -8 O -. O -6 O -stimulated O -unidirectional O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -chloride B-Chemical -fluxes O -from O -aqueous O -humour O -to O -tear O -side O -resulting O -in O -net O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -chloride B-Chemical -fluxes O -towards O -the O -tear O -side O -which O -both O -were O -statistically O -different O -from O -zero O -. O - -aps B-category -Epinephrine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -increased O -the O -unidirectional O -chloride B-Chemical -flux O -from O -aqueous O -humour O -to O -tear O -side O -more O -pronounced O -than O -in O -the O -opposite O -direction O -, O -producing O -a O -significant O -net O -chloride B-Chemical -flux O -towards O -the O -tear O -side O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -comparable O -groups O -of O -patients O -hospitalised O -for O -acute O -asthma O -received O -an O -intravenous O -infusion O -for O -two O -hours O -, O -containing O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -in O -the O -first O -group O -and O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -combined O -with O -an O -adrenergic O -beta O -- O -stimulant O -in O -the O -second O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -combination O -of O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -with O -an O -adrenergic O -beta O -- O -stimulant O -resulted O -in O -a O -rapid O -and O -pronounced O -improvement O -in O -FEV1 O -( O -19 O -, O -9 O -% O -) O -, O -without O -producing O -any O -undisrable O -side O -- O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -[ O -35S O -] O -beta O -- O -mercaptopyruvate O -appeared O -to O -be O -a O -substrate O -for O -this O -enzyme O -, O -the O -reaction O -product O -was O -sensitive O -to O -deacylation O -and O -the O -reaction O -was O -inhibited O -by O -[ O -32S O -] O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -chromatography O -of O -the O -neutralized O -[ O -35S O -] O -nucleotide B-Chemical -digest O -revealed O -a O -single O -thionucleotide O -peak O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Papain O -immobilization O -on O -a O -fibrous O -polymer O -of O -polyvinyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -the O -chemical O -structure O -of O -polyvinyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -fibers O -on O -the O -basic O -properties O -of O -the O -bound O -enzyme O -has O -been O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Storage O -of O -the O -insoluble O -enzyme O -as O -water O -suspension O -in O -0 O -. O -015 O -M O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -at O -4 O -degrees O -C O -for O -six O -months O -and O -twenty O -times O -repeated O -specific O -reaction O -did O -not O -affect O -significantly O -the O -activity O -of O -insoluble O -alpha O -- O -amylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Immobilized O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -showed O -far O -greater O -thermal O -stability O -than O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -cell O -- O -free O -extract O -of O -fodder O -yeast O -Candida O -tropicalis O -NADP O -- O -specific O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -isolated O -and O -partially O -purified O -( O -75 O -- O -fold O -) O -by O -means O -of O -fractional O -precipitation O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -and O -ion O -- O -exchange O -chromatography O -on O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fructose I-Chemical -transformation O -by O -washed O -and O -packed O -cells O -of O -Streptomyces O -sp O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cellular O -activity O -depended O -in O -a O -great O -degree O -on O -the O -temperature O -, O -pH O -and O -initial O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -; O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -on O -Co O -and O -Mg O -ions O -present O -in O -the O -incubation O -mixture O -, O -and O -did O -not O -depend O -on O -the O -age O -of O -the O -culture O -( O -within O -8 O -- O -69 O -hours O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -these O -conditions O -the O -yield O -of O -fructose O -was O -50 O -% O -from O -the O -initial O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -( O -or O -100 O -% O -from O -the O -theoretical O -value O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Experimentally O -- O -induced O -alloxan O -diabetes O -was O -characterized O -in O -rats O -by O -a O -marked O -increase O -in O -the O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -level O -and O -by O -a O -number O -of O -disturbances O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -metabolites O -and O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -enzymes O -of O -carbohydrate O -metabolism O -in O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Nicotinamide O -in O -a O -dose O -of O -50 O -mg O -per O -100 O -g O -of O -body O -weight O -caused O -a O -marked O -reduction O -in O -the O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -level O -of O -diabetic O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -studies O -demonstrating O -that O -gangliosides O -interacted O -with O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -and O -human O -chorionic O -gonadotropin O -( O -hCG O -) O -suggested O -that O -gangliosides O -participate O -in O -the O -transduction O -of O -the O -hormonal O -message O -across O -the O -target O -cell O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -known O -that O -permeant O -anions O -are O -required O -for O -the O -release O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -from O -isolated O -chromaffin O -granules O -and O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -from O -intact O -platelets O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -substitution O -of O -various O -monovalent O -cations O -in O -the O -medium O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -phosphate B-Chemical -metabolites O -were O -identified O -and O -their O -concentrations O -were O -found O -to O -vary O -among O -the O -different O -cell O -lines O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -the O -guanylate O -cyclase O -- O -cyclic O -GMP O -system O -is O -though O -to O -be O -involved O -in O -cell O -growth O -, O -DNA O -and O -RNA O -synthesis O -, O -and O -possible O -malignant O -transformation O -, O -we O -examined O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -aqueous O -extract O -containing O -GCI O -on O -an O -undifferentiated O -adenocarcinoma O -of O -the O -rat O -prostate O -and O -concanavalin O -- O -A O -- O -stimulated O -[ O -3H O -] O -thymidine B-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -cultured O -splenic O -lymphocytes O -, O -a O -process O -thought O -to O -be O -mediated O -by O -cyclic O -GMP O -. O - -aps B-category -Transfer O -and O -metabolism O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -, O -succinate O -, O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -by O -hamster O -small O -intestine O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -oxytocin B-Chemical -release O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -its O -analogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -content O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -( O -1 O -) O -, O -chlortetracycline O -( O -2 O -) O -and O -oxytetracycline O -( O -3 O -) O -has O -been O -determined O -by O -use O -of O -the O -fluorimetric O -method O -in O -partially O -decomposed O -acqueous O -solutions O -of O -different O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -stress O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -hepatic O -tryptophan B-Chemical -pyrrolase O -, O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -various O -organs O -and O -on O -the O -level O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -in O -the O -liver O -and O -plasma O -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -bilateral O -adrenalectomy O -, O -the O -alterations O -of O -plasma O -tryptophan B-Chemical -are O -even O -more O -pronounced O -and O -liver O -tryptophan B-Chemical -increases O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -tryptophan B-Chemical -pyrrolase O -activity O -which O -remains O -unchanged O -after O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -liver O -, O -brain O -, O -adrenal O -, O -kidney O -and O -muscle O -tissue O -of O -rats O -was O -determined O -with O -special O -reference O -to O -the O -possible O -effect O -of O -the O -before O -- O -mentioned O -stress O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Capacity O -for O -postradiation O -recovery O -in O -bacteria O -of O -the O -genus O -Vibrio O -when O -gamma O -- O -irradiated O -cells O -are O -incubated O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -( O -pH O -8 O -. O -6 O -) O -and O -inoculated O -on O -different O -nutrient O -media O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -beta O -2 O -= O -histidine O -, O -which O -has O -a O -positively O -charged O -side O -chain O -, O -erythrocyte O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -was O -higher O -, O -and O -P50 O -was O -higher O -, O -than O -when O -beta O -2 O -= O -glutamine B-Chemical -which O -has O -a O -neutral O -side O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -physiological O -conditions O -( O -41 O -C O -, O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -, O -PCO2 O -approximately O -35 O -Torr O -) O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -half O -saturation O -pressure O -P50 O -are O -50 O -Torr O -for O -the O -chickens O -, O -38 O -Torr O -for O -the O -pigeon O -, O -43 O -Torr O -for O -the O -Japanese O -quail O -and O -44 O -Torr O -for O -the O -sparrow O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -aside O -from O -metabolic O -rate O -, O -behavioural O -as O -well O -as O -environmental O -factors O -have O -influenced O -whole O -blood O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -during O -evolution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -as O -an O -attractant O -for O -Schistosoma O -mansoni O -miracidia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -ATPase O -( O -E O -. O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -Standard O -incubations O -were O -run O -in O -tris B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -maleate I-Chemical -buffer O -, O -pH O -8 O -. O -2 O -, O -with O -3 O -mM O -ATP O -, O -3 O -mM O -Ca2 O -+ O -and O -0 O -. O -5 O -mM O -R O -8231 O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -presence O -of O -R O -8231 O -was O -necessary O -to O -inhibit O -nonspecific O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -1 O -mM O -Zn2 O -+ O -and O -Ni2 O -+ O -to O -the O -incubation O -medium O -markedly O -inhibited O -the O -hydrolysis O -as O -did O -, O -though O -less O -strongly O -, O -p O -- O -hydroxymercuribenzoate O -, O -oligomycin O -, O -EDTA O -and O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -. O - -aps B-category -Demonstration O -of O -a O -K O -+ O -- O -stimulated O -and O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -phosphatase O -activity O -in O -enamel O -- O -and O -dentin O -- O -forming O -tissues O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -introduction O -of O -inhibitors O -to O -nonspecific O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -activity O -and O -stimulants O -to O -the O -K O -+ O -- O -stimulated O -and O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -phosphatase O -activity O -, O -the O -latter O -enzyme O -activity O -could O -be O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -K O -+ O -- O -stimulated O -activity O -was O -magnesium B-Chemical -dependent O -and O -highly O -sensitive O -to O -fluoride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -K O -+ O -- O -independent O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -inhibited O -50 O -- O -60 O -% O -by O -fluoride B-Chemical -in O -concentrations O -between O -3 O -and O -15 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -in O -this O -report O -show O -that O -the O -mechanism O -of O -acidification O -in O -this O -bladder O -is O -the O -transport O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -ion O -from O -lumen O -to O -serosa O -, O -and O -that O -the O -temperature O -to O -which O -the O -turtles O -are O -adapted O -prior O -to O -the O -in O -vitro O -experiment O -largely O -determines O -the O -direction O -of O -the O -transmural O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -gradient O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -cocaine B-Chemical -: O -plasma O -concentrations O -and O -central O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -is O -not O -detected O -in O -the O -plasma O -until O -30 O -minutes O -after O -oral O -administration O -, O -but O -peak O -plasma O -concentrations O -are O -similar O -after O -both O -routes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -aortic O -strips O -, O -the O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -for O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -were O -obtained O -before O -and O -after O -addition O -of O -droperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -left O -atrial O -strip O -, O -the O -potentiation O -of O -contraction O -by O -tyramine O -was O -markedly O -depressed O -by O -droperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -incubation O -with O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -they O -were O -restored O -to O -the O -same O -level O -as O -in O -non O -- O -reserpinized O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -postulated O -that O -droperidol B-Chemical -may O -have O -both O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -action O -and O -inhibitory O -action O -on O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -adrenergic O -terminals O -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -- O -base O -indices O -of O -the O -blood O -and O -cerebro O -- O -spinal O -fluid O -were O -studied O -on O -Astrup O -apparatus O -( O -BMS O -2 O -) O -in O -an O -experiment O -with O -twelve O -, O -two O -- O -to O -three O -- O -year O -- O -old O -Merino O -sheep O -, O -being O -in O -the O -first O -half O -of O -the O -gravidity O -period O -, O -under O -clinical O -conditions O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -0 O -. O -8 O -g O -urea B-Chemical -per O -1 O -kg O -live O -weight O -followed O -by O -, O -in O -half O -an O -hour O -, O -the O -administration O -of O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -8 O -% O -vinegar O -, O -a O -dose O -of O -2 O -ml O -per O -1 O -kg O -live O -weight O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -15 O -minutes O -' O -interval O -since O -the O -administration O -of O -urea B-Chemical -significant O -changes O -in O -the O -values O -of O -the O -indices O -, O -especially O -higher O -pH O -values O -and O -paradoxical O -pCO2 O -drop O -, O -were O -recorded O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -depressing O -effect O -of O -the O -lower O -pH O -on O -the O -toxicity O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -was O -also O -confirmed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -studying O -the O -content O -of O -lactic O -and O -pyruvic O -acids O -in O -the O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -of O -31 O -patients O -during O -operation O -for O -intracranial O -aneurysms O -under O -halothane B-Chemical -anesthesia O -, O -the O -authors O -established O -that O -the O -performance O -of O -these O -operations O -under O -protection O -of O -deep O -( O -40 O -mm O -Hg O -) O -and O -prolonged O -( O -up O -to O -2 O -hrs O -25 O -min O -) O -artificial O -arterial O -hypotension O -in O -an O -uncomplicated O -course O -of O -the O -surgical O -intervention O -was O -not O -attended O -with O -hypoxic O -damage O -of O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -conclusion O -that O -the O -same O -enzyme O -catalyses O -the O -dehydrogenation O -of O -3 O -- O -hydroxyhexobarbital O -and O -1 O -- O -indanol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -yeast O -" O -H O -" O -of O -the O -genus O -Candida O -guilliermondii O -can O -grow O -on O -hydrocarbons O -as O -the O -only O -source O -for O -carbon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -During O -urea B-Chemical -metabolism O -ammonia B-Chemical -has O -never O -been O -accumulated O -in O -the O -culture O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cell O -- O -free O -extracts O -of O -the O -yeast O -urea B-Chemical -amidolyase O -activity O -was O -detected O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -ATP O -, O -biotin B-Chemical -and O -specific O -cations O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -the O -synthesis O -of O -arginase O -is O -regulated O -by O -arginine O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -the O -level O -of O -arginase O -and O -ornithine B-Chemical -carbamyl O -- O -transferase O -change O -in O -a O -characteristic O -way O -during O -the O -batch O -- O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -from O -our O -laboratory O -indicate O -that O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -is O -more O -responsive O -to O -starvation O -and O -refeeding O -in O -young O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Blood O -coagulation O -state O -in O -cerebral O -infarct O -and O -the O -results O -of O -using O -sodium B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -complex O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -CMRL O -- O -1969 O -medium O -( O -Healy O -et O -al O -. O -, O -1971 O -) O -was O -modified O -by O -using O -0 O -. O -02 O -molar O -N O -- O -[ O -Tris O -- O -( O -hydroxymethyl O -) O -- O -methyl O -] O -- O -glycin O -( O -= O -TRICIN O -) O -instead O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -as O -the O -buffer O -substance O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -phenothiazine O -derivatives O -( O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -levomepromazine B-Chemical -, O -diethazine O -, O -promethazine B-Chemical -and O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -) O -sulphoxyde O -were O -tested O -for O -antimycobacterial O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -minimum O -inhibitory O -concentrations O -for O -M O -. O -tuberculosis O -were O -: O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -and O -levomepromazine B-Chemical -, O -10 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -; O -diethazine O -and O -promethazine B-Chemical -20 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -, O -whilst O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -sulphoxyde O -was O -ineffective O -even O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -100 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -asaccharolyticus O -culture O -, O -a O -protein O -fraction O -was O -isolated O -by O -ethanol B-Chemical -precipitation O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Use O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -chronic O -alcoholism O -( O -psychopathology O -of O -the O -attraction O -to O -alcohol B-Chemical -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Gluconeogenesis O -from O -glutamine B-Chemical -, O -fumarate O -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -glutamine B-Chemical -plus O -fumarate O -, O -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -plus O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -was O -generally O -higher O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -1 O -than O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -and O -7 O -. O -7 O -, O -whereas O -ammoniagenesis O -did O -not O -depend O -on O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Arsenite O -, O -malonate O -, O -maleate B-Chemical -, O -hydrazine O -and O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dinitrophenol O -inhibited O -gluconeogenesis O -, O -and O -enhanced O -simultaneously O -ammonia B-Chemical -formation O -irrespective O -of O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -blockade O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -various O -neurotransmitter O -substances O -. O - -aps B-category -Piflutixol O -, O -a O -new O -potent O -thioxanthene O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -, O -markedly O -antagonizes O -the O -effect O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -to O -some O -extent O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -the O -affinity O -for O -muscarinic O -receptors O -was O -rather O -weak O -. O - -aps B-category -Chlorprothixene O -, O -however O -, O -also O -exhibits O -a O -rather O -good O -antagonism O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Flupenthixol O -specifically O -antagonizes O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -was O -a O -more O -potent O -antagonist O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -than O -of O -the O -other O -transmitters O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -, O -that O -the O -rather O -potent O -anti O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -antihistamine O -effects O -observed O -for O -certain O -substances O -may O -contribute O -to O -the O -central O -effect O -of O -these O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Efficacy O -and O -side O -effects O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -, O -fosazepam O -, O -and O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -as O -sleeping O -aids O -in O -psychogeriatric O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drugs O -were O -equipotent O -in O -maintaining O -sleep O -but O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -had O -more O -side O -effects O -than O -the O -other O -hypnotics O -, O -and O -it O -induced O -a O -rebound O -insomnia O -after O -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -years O -' O -maintenance O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -schizophrenia O -- O -- O -before O -and O -beyond O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -main O -aim O -was O -to O -describe O -and O -compare O -maintenance O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -therapy O -using O -two O -depot O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -decanoate O -and O -pipotiazine O -palmitate O -, O -given O -monthly O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -show O -the O -clinical O -value O -of O -long O -- O -term O -maintenance O -treatment O -with O -depot O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -were O -given O -depot O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -either O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -decanoate O -or O -pipotiazine O -palmitate O -, O -at O -intervals O -of O -1 O -month O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -and O -alpha O -- O -methyl O -- O -dopa O -on O -C O -cell O -secretion O -in O -the O -thyroid O -gland O -. O - -aps B-category -Assessments O -were O -made O -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -( O -DBH O -) O -activities O -as O -well O -as O -the O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -NA O -) O -content O -of O -samples O -excised O -from O -right O -auricular O -tissue O -during O -cardiac O -surgery O -on O -a O -total O -of O -55 O -patients O -with O -ischaemic O -heart O -disease O -( O -IHD O -) O -, O -valvular O -heart O -disease O -( O -VHD O -) O -, O -uncomplicated O -atrial O -septal O -defect O -( O -ASD O -) O -or O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -( O -CHF O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -examination O -of O -the O -regulation O -of O -the O -system O -of O -3 O -' O -- O -5 O -' O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -monophosphates O -has O -only O -begun O -in O -cancer O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cyclic O -GMP O -phosphodiesterases O -are O -decreased O -in O -these O -tumors O -; O -while O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -phosphodiesterases O -are O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Abnormal O -dietary O -regulation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -Morris O -hepatomas O -. O - -aps B-category -Glycerol O -, O -whether O -generated O -endogenously O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -as O -end O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -- O -Lapachone O -, O -an O -antimicrobial O -agent O -, O -markedly O -increase O -the O -generation O -of O -H2O2 B-Chemical -in O -intact O -Trypanosoma O -cruzi O -epimastigotes O -( O -Y O -strain O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Methyl O -prednisolone B-Chemical -acetate O -caused O -the O -most O -severe O -recrudescence O -of O -microfilariae O -while O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -caused O -a O -low O -level O -, O -transient O -microfilaremia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -character O -of O -the O -enzyme O -reaction O -was O -described O -in O -uninfected O -cells O -and O -an O -activating O -effect O -of O -0 O -. O -01 O -M O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -( O -DTT O -) O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -enzyme O -capable O -to O -split O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -( O -ATP O -) O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -firmly O -associated O -with O -mature O -herpes O -simplex O -virus O -particles O -purified O -from O -infected O -rabbit O -lung O -( O -ZP O -) O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -adenosine B-Chemical -diphosphatase O -( O -ADPase O -) O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -monophosphatase O -( O -AMPase O -) O -activities O -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ATPase O -of O -nuclear O -membranes O -isolated O -from O -ZP O -cells O -exhibited O -similar O -properties O -but O -behaved O -differently O -to O -the O -action O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dithionite O -, O -dinitrophenol O -, O -oligomycin O -and O -gramicidin O -, O -as O -well O -as O -on O -heat O -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -3 O -- O -[ O -bis O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -hydroxyethyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -] O -- O -acetophenone O -- O -[ O -4 O -. O -5 O -- O -diphenyl O -- O -oxazolyl O -- O -( O -2 O -) O -] O -- O -hydrazone O -( O -IMET O -98 O -/ O -69 O -) O -on O -lethal O -mengo O -virus O -encephalitis O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -antigen O -was O -precipitated O -from O -serum O -- O -containing O -medium O -, O -higher O -titres O -were O -obtained O -, O -provided O -that O -substrate O -or O -final O -product O -were O -treated O -with O -Tween O -80 O -and O -ether B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -plasma O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -concentration O -during O -physical O -exercise O -was O -used O -as O -an O -index O -of O -sympathetic O -responsiveness O -. O - -aps B-category -Atenolol O -induced O -a O -marked O -decrease O -in O -blood O -pressure O -and O -pulse O -rate O -during O -recumbency O -, O -orthostasis O -and O -exercise O -concomitant O -with O -a O -marked O -increase O -in O -plasma O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -concentration O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -0125 O -) O -and O -a O -pronounced O -decrease O -in O -plasma O -renin O -concentration O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -obtained O -indicate O -that O -sympathetic O -responsiveness O -is O -an O -important O -determinant O -of O -blood O -pressure O -response O -to O -beta O -- O -blockade O -induced O -by O -atenolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -61 O -year O -old O -male O -patient O -was O -studied O -who O -manifested O -dehydration O -, O -azotemia O -, O -acidosis O -and O -hyperkalemia O -six O -weeks O -after O -exposure O -to O -methicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -distal O -renal O -tubular O -acidosis O -and O -a O -quantitively O -impaired O -ability O -to O -excrete O -potassium B-Chemical -were O -also O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -renal O -biopsy O -specimen O -showed O -an O -interstitial O -nephritis O -which O -selectively O -affected O -distal O -tubules O -and O -was O -thought O -to O -be O -secondary O -to O -methicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -hypothesis O -has O -led O -to O -clinical O -trials O -of O -antiprostaglandin O -agents O -such O -as O -indomethacin B-Chemical -and O -fenamates O -, O -which O -inhibit O -the O -synthesis O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -through O -the O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthetase O -system O -as O -well O -as O -antagonize O -their O -action O -at O -the O -cell O -receptor O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -suggested O -that O -increased O -endometrial O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -production O -and O -release O -may O -cause O -dysmenorrhea O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -therapeutic O -value O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthetase O -inhibitors O -show O -good O -results O -; O -agents O -such O -as O -indomethacin B-Chemical -and O -the O -fenamates O -inhibit O -the O -synthesis O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -through O -the O -synthetase O -system O -as O -well O -as O -antagonize O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -' O -conventional O -action O -at O -the O -cell O -receptor O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -to O -antipsychotic O -medication O -in O -refractory O -chronic O -schizophrenic O -outpatients O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -observations O -have O -been O -reported O -in O -a O -variety O -of O -neuroendocrine O -neoplasms O -; O -for O -example O -, O -the O -demonstration O -of O -neurosecretory O -- O -type O -granules O -and O -determination O -of O -amine B-Chemical -or O -peptide O -materials O -in O -tumor O -tissue O -or O -body O -fluids O -may O -not O -be O -necessarily O -reflected O -in O -clinical O -hormonal O -syndromes O -or O -obvious O -metabolic O -abnormalities O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -paper O -is O -a O -review O -of O -published O -reports O -, O -in O -English O -, O -of O -educational O -programs O -designed O -to O -change O -smoking B-Chemical -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -Health O -effects O -of O -smoking B-Chemical -, O -both O -short O -- O -and O -long O -- O -term O -effects O -, O -have O -been O -emphasized O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -methods O -have O -included O -individual O -counseling O -, O -emotional O -role O -playing O -, O -aversive O -conditioning O -, O -desensitization O -, O -and O -specific O -techniques O -to O -reduce O -the O -likelihood O -that O -smoking B-Chemical -will O -occur O -in O -situations O -previously O -associated O -with O -smoking B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -tests O -for O -the O -detection O -of O -alcoholism O -: O -comparison O -of O -plasma O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -n I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -butyric I-Chemical -acid O -with O -other O -available O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -test O -, O -in O -combination O -with O -GGTP O -determinations O -, O -provided O -a O -sensitive O -means O -of O -detection O -( O -81 O -% O -positive O -) O -for O -chronic O -alcohol B-Chemical -consumption O -with O -a O -minimum O -of O -false O -positive O -determinations O -( O -2 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Eighty O -- O -seven O -per O -cent O -of O -surgical O -patients O -receiving O -undiluted O -diazepam B-Chemical -experienced O -pain O -on O -injection O -while O -6 O -- O -16 O -% O -, O -depending O -on O -the O -dose O -, O -manifested O -evidence O -of O -clinical O -thrombophlebitis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -lorazepam B-Chemical -appeared O -to O -have O -minimal O -irritative O -or O -injurious O -effects O -on O -veins O -whether O -undiluted O -or O -diluted O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -elevation O -of O -the O -serum O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -could O -not O -be O -definitely O -related O -to O -the O -degree O -or O -duration O -of O -elevation O -of O -the O -serum O -thyroxine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -There O -may O -be O -a O -clinically O -, O -biochemically O -, O -and O -pharmacologically O -definable O -subtype O -of O -depression O -in O -which O -there O -is O -a O -disorder O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -metabolism O -or O -disposition O -in O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -pH O -, O -aqueous O -pH O -, O -and O -intraocular O -tension O -were O -noted O -in O -20 O -albino O -rabbits O -before O -and O -after O -administration O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -in O -oral O -dosage O -of O -7 O -. O -5 O -gm O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -( O -in O -4 O -equal O -divided O -doses O -for O -one O -week O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -supplement O -to O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -fractionations O -: O -utilization O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -and O -hydroxyproline B-Chemical -assays O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -25 O -patients O -with O -definite O -diagnosis O -, O -the O -urea B-Chemical -denaturation O -test O -correctly O -identified O -the O -source O -of O -the O -elevated O -serum O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -( O -ALP O -) O -in O -16 O -( O -64 O -percent O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Relationship O -of O -renal O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -water O -transport O -to O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -riboflavin B-Chemical -synthetase O -was O -purified O -51 O -- O -fold O -from O -a O -thermophilic O -organism O -, O -Bacillus O -stearothermophilus O -ATCC O -8005 O -, O -that O -grew O -at O -40 O -to O -72 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Some O -of O -the O -properties O -of O -the O -enzyme O -are O -: O -( O -i O -) O -its O -temperature O -optimum O -was O -95 O -degrees O -C O -, O -and O -the O -activity O -was O -negligible O -below O -40 O -degrees O -C O -; O -( O -ii O -) O -the O -Arrhenius O -plot O -of O -the O -initial O -reaction O -rates O -was O -concave O -upward O -, O -with O -a O -break O -at O -65 O -degrees O -C O -, O -and O -the O -apparent O -activation O -energies O -below O -and O -above O -65 O -degrees O -C O -were O -4 O -. O -2 O -X O -10 O -( O -4 O -) O -and O -6 O -. O -7 O -X O -10 O -( O -4 O -) O -J O -/ O -mol O -, O -respectively O -; O -( O -iii O -) O -the O -enzyme O -was O -fairly O -stable O -up O -to O -60 O -degrees O -C O -without O -6 O -, O -7 O -- O -dimethyl O -- O -8 O -- O -ribityllumazine O -; O -this O -substance O -protected O -the O -enzyme O -from O -inactivation O -above O -60 O -to O -97 O -degrees O -C O -; O -( O -iv O -) O -the O -pH O -range O -for O -stability O -was O -6 O -. O -0 O -to O -10 O -. O -0 O -at O -26 O -degrees O -C O -and O -6 O -. O -3 O -to O -7 O -. O -6 O -at O -55 O -degrees O -C O -; O -( O -v O -) O -the O -enzyme O -was O -highly O -resistant O -at O -26 O -degrees O -C O -to O -denaturation O -in O -8 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -, O -but O -the O -tolerance O -was O -extremely O -low O -at O -55 O -degrees O -C O -; O -( O -vi O -) O -its O -molecular O -weight O -was O -estimated O -at O -45 O -, O -000 O -; O -( O -vii O -) O -the O -Km O -for O -6 O -, O -7 O -- O -dimethyl O -- O -8 O -- O -ribityllumazine O -was O -23 O -micrometer O -at O -55 O -degrees O -C O -and O -29 O -micrometer O -at O -75 O -degrees O -C O -; O -( O -viii O -) O -its O -pH O -optimum O -was O -6 O -. O -7 O -to O -7 O -. O -2 O -; O -( O -ix O -) O -6 O -- O -methyl O -- O -7 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -8 O -- O -ribityllumazine O -was O -a O -competitive O -inhibitor O -( O -Ki O -= O -0 O -. O -18 O -micrometer O -) O -; O -( O -x O -) O -the O -activity O -was O -sensitive O -to O -heavy O -- O -metal O -ions O -and O -thiol B-Chemical -reagents O -; O -( O -xi O -) O -the O -enzyme O -did O -not O -require O -cofactor O -or O -a O -carbon B-Chemical -donor O -; O -and O -( O -xii O -) O -the O -molar O -ratio O -of O -6 O -, O -7 O -- O -dimethyl O -- O -8 O -- O -ribityllumazine O -consumption O -to O -riboflavin B-Chemical -formation O -was O -2 O -throughout O -the O -entire O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -, O -a O -methylxanthine B-Chemical -, O -higher O -levels O -of O -heat O -- O -resistant O -spores O -were O -attained O -for O -strains O -PS49 O -, O -PS52 O -, O -FD O -- O -1 O -, O -ant O -T O -- O -65 O -; O -photomicrographs O -demonstrated O -a O -higher O -fraction O -of O -sporulating O -cells O -when O -these O -strains O -were O -grown O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -methylxanthines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -medium O -composed O -of O -nutrient O -broth O -, O -1 O -. O -8 O -% O -boric O -acid O -, O -and O -1 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -was O -shown O -to O -maintain O -the O -stability O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -cultures O -for O -up O -to O -10 O -days O -at O -room O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentration O -of O -poliovirus O -from O -tap O -water O -onto O -membrane O -filters O -with O -aluminum B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -at O -ambient O -pH O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Tap O -water O -treated O -with O -2 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -aluminum B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -showed O -a O -slight O -decrease O -in O -pH O -( O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -5 O -) O -, O -a O -slight O -increase O -in O -turbidity O -, O -and O -enhanced O -removal O -of O -poliovirus O -by O -membrane O -filters O -. O - -aps B-category -Vitamin O -B O -- O -6 O -requirement O -for O -irreversible O -inactivation O -of O -rat O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -classical O -alpha O -- O -sympathomimetic O -drugs O -naphazoline B-Chemical -, O -tramazoline O -, O -xylometazoline B-Chemical -, O -tetryzoline O -and O -oxymetazoline O -on O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -of O -pentobarbitone O -- O -anaesthetized O -( O -75 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -; O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -In O -15 O -dogs O -who O -had O -been O -given O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -5 O -humans O -who O -had O -been O -given O -Pindolol O -, O -an O -infusion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -lactate B-Chemical -produced O -: O -1 O -) O -an O -increased O -in O -blood O -lactate B-Chemical -levels O -and O -pH O -; O -2 O -) O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -cardiac O -index O -; O -3 O -) O -a O -state O -in O -which O -an O -infusion O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -inactive O -on O -its O -own O -) O -could O -act O -as O -it O -would O -have O -done O -had O -the O -betaadrenergic O -receptors O -not O -been O -blocked O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -alkalosis O -produced O -by O -an O -infusion O -of O -THAM O -in O -13 O -dogs O -or O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -in O -2 O -humans O -, O -changed O -neither O -the O -cardiac O -index O -nor O -the O -heart O -rate O -, O -nor O -the O -response O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -after O -a O -betaadrenergic O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -basis O -of O -our O -experimental O -researches O -bunitrolol O -presented O -: O -a O -) O -beta O -- O -adrenolytic O -activity O -prevailingly O -at O -cardiac O -level O -( O -superior O -to O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -practolol O -) O -in O -respect O -to O -vascular O -, O -tracheal O -, O -bronchial O -, O -uterus O -, O -intestinal O -and O -metabolic O -level O -; O -b O -) O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -intrinsic O -activity O -; O -c O -) O -local O -anesthetic O -activity O -; O -d O -) O -chinidino O -- O -like O -activity O -; O -e O -) O -antiarrhythmic O -activity O -; O -f O -) O -hypotensive O -activity O -with O -interferences O -at O -the O -level O -of O -vasomotor O -centres O -, O -of O -the O -barosensitive O -zones O -, O -of O -the O -renin O -secretion O -and O -of O -the O -purinergic O -periphery O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -were O -exposed O -to O -[ O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -14C O -] O -vinyl O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Radioactive O -3 O -, O -N4 O -- O -ethenocytidine O -moieties O -were O -also O -formed O -on O -incubation O -of O -polycytidylic O -acid O -with O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -[ O -14C O -] O -vinyl O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -evaluation O -of O -1158 O -cases O -of O -accidental O -ingestions O -of O -several O -types O -of O -household O -products O -and O -a O -collection O -of O -data O -from O -the O -literature O -on O -the O -causticity O -of O -these O -substances O -shows O -that O -cleaners O -containing O -mainly O -detergents O -and O -phosphates O -( O -with O -pH O -values O -generally O -between O -9 O -and O -11 O -) O -, O -and O -household O -bleaches O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -hypochlorite O -basis O -, O -are O -relatively O -harmless O -. O - -aps B-category -Poly O -( O -adenosine B-Chemical -dephosphate O -ribose O -) O -metabolism O -and O -regulation O -of O -myocardial O -cell O -growth O -by O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -NAD O -( O -+ O -) O -( O -and O -not O -NADH O -) O -forms O -poly B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -ADP I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ribose I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -DNA O -synthesis O -, O -in O -a O -reaction O -catalysed O -by O -poly B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -ADP I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ribose I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -polymerase O -. O - -aps B-category -Chick O -- O -embryo O -heart O -cells O -grown O -in O -culture O -in O -20 O -% O -O O -( O -2 O -) O -( O -in O -which O -they O -divide O -more O -slowly O -than O -in O -5 O -% O -O O -( O -2 O -) O -) O -did O -exhibit O -greater O -poly B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -ADP I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ribose I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -polymerase O -activity O -( O -+ O -83 O -% O -, O -P O -& O -lt O -; O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -than O -when O -grown O -in O -5 O -% O -O O -( O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -of O -these O -digestion O -products O -by O -Dowex O -1 O -( O -formate O -form O -) O -column O -chromatography O -and O -paper O -chromatography O -allowed O -calculation O -of O -average O -poly B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -ADP I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ribose I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -chain O -length O -, O -which O -was O -15 O -- O -26 O -% O -greater O -in O -20 O -% O -than O -in O -5 O -% O -O O -( O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Additionally O -, O -poly B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -ADP I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ribose I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -polymerase O -has O -very O -different O -K O -( O -m O -) O -and O -V O -( O -max O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -pH O -on O -the O -reaction O -process O -( O -ephedrine B-Chemical -sulfate O -+ O -nitrous O -acid O -in O -hydrochloric O -acid O -) O -was O -investigated O -and O -the O -pH O -- O -optimum O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tests O -with O -animals O -( O -rats O -) O -showed O -that O -N O -- O -nitrosoephedrine O -could O -be O -detected O -in O -serum O -after O -the O -oral O -application O -of O -ephedrine B-Chemical -sulfate O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -pilot O -study O -with O -the O -new O -oral O -long O -- O -acting O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agent O -clopimozide O -, O -a O -diphenylbutylpiperidine O -derivative O -, O -has O -been O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Determination O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -in O -patients O -with O -chronic O -anti O -- O -epileptic O -, O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -and O -anti O -- O -parkinsonism O -therapy O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -and O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -were O -compared O -as O -amnesic O -and O -sedative O -adjuncts O -to O -local O -anaesthesia O -for O -diagnostic O -bronchoscopy O -in O -92 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -hours O -after O -the O -injection O -, O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -0 O -. O -01 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -more O -frequently O -caused O -amnesia O -for O -pictures O -shown O -to O -the O -patients O -during O -the O -first O -15 O -min O -after O -injection O -( O -failure O -to O -recall O -42 O -- O -- O -75 O -% O -, O -and O -for O -bronchoscopy O -67 O -% O -) O -, O -than O -did O -diazepam B-Chemical -0 O -. O -125 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -( O -failure O -to O -recall O -21 O -- O -- O -67 O -% O -; O -bronchoscopy O -38 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -failure O -to O -recall O -was O -assessed O -on O -the O -following O -day O -, O -29 O -% O -and O -5 O -% O -of O -the O -patients O -remembered O -bronchoscopy O -after O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -0 O -. O -01 O -and O -0 O -. O -02 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -respectively O -; O -after O -diazepam B-Chemical -0 O -. O -125 O -and O -0 O -. O -25 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -the O -corresponding O -percentages O -was O -59 O -% O -and O -30 O -% O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -% O -v O -. O -fluintrazepam O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -single O -- O -blind O -, O -randomised O -, O -crossover O -study O -in O -10 O -asthmatic O -patients O -, O -the O -effects O -of O -approximately O -equipotent O -oral O -doses O -of O -3 O -cardioselective O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -blockers I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -atenolol I-Chemical -( O -100 O -mg O -) O -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -( O -100 O -mg O -) O -, O -and O -acebutolol O -( O -300 O -mg O -) O -- O -and O -4 O -non O -- O -cardioselective O -beta O -- O -blockers O -- O -proranolol O -( O -100 O -mg O -) O -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -( O -100 O -mg O -) O -, O -pindolol B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -) O -, O -and O -timolol B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -) O -upon O -FEV1 O -were O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -drugs O -caused O -a O -fall O -in O -FEV1 O -but O -only O -atenolol B-Chemical -did O -not O -differ O -significantly O -from O -placebo O -in O -this O -respect O -. O - -aps B-category -Fazadinium B-Chemical -in O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acid O -phosphatases O -of O -suction O -blister O -fluid O -and O -serum O -showed O -differences O -in O -their O -pH O -activity O -curves O -, O -Michaelis O -- O -Menton O -constants O -, O -heat O -stabilities O -and O -sensitivities O -to O -inhibition O -by O -tartrate O -and O -fluoride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rumen O -lactate B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -always O -low O -and O -increased O -significantly O -only O -in O -cows O -given O -no O -roughage O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -concentrations O -decreased O -rapidly O -for O -4 O -h O -after O -feeding O -, O -the O -decrease O -being O -greatest O -in O -cows O -given O -200 O -g O -roughage O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -synchronizing O -the O -NMR O -data O -acquisition O -with O -3 O -- O -s O -bursts O -of O -O2 O -it O -is O -possible O -to O -measure O -the O -internal O -pH O -with O -a O -time O -resolution O -of O -about O -1 O -s O -. O -It O -is O -shown O -that O -at O -20 O -degrees O -C O -the O -pH O -remains O -constant O -for O -times O -longer O -than O -15 O -s O -after O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -is O -discontinued O -and O -it O -decays O -in O -several O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -Entry O -of O -beta O -- O -hydroxybutyrate O -into O -erythrocytes O -and O -thymocytes O -is O -facilitated O -by O -a O -carrier O -( O -C O -) O -, O -as O -judged O -from O -temperature O -dependence O -, O -saturation O -kinetics O -, O -stereospecificity O -, O -competition O -with O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -and O -inhibition O -by O -moderate O -concentrations O -of O -methylisobutylxanthine O -, O -phloretin O -, O -or O -alpha O -- O -cyanocinnamate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extrinsic O -Cotton O -effects O -of O -Cd O -, O -Zn O -- O -thioneins O -of O -varying O -Cd O -to O -Zn O -ratio O -could O -be O -simulated O -using O -the O -difference O -circular O -dichroic O -spectra O -of O -Cd O -- O -thionein O -( O -bands O -at O -227 O -, O -242 O -. O -5 O -and O -262 O -nm O -) O -, O -Zn O -- O -thionein O -( O -bands O -at O -225 O -and O -244 O -nm O -) O -and O -the O -circular O -dichroic O -spectrum O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thionein I-Chemical -( O -band O -at O -200 O -nm O -, O -shoulder O -at O -225 O -nm O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -ligands O -in O -abolishing O -the O -conformational O -difference O -between O -ribonuclease O -A O -and O -its O -acid O -- O -denatured O -derivative O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -has O -about O -1 O -. O -5 O -additional O -exposed O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -and O -a O -lesser O -amount O -of O -secondary O -structure O -than O -RNAase O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -the O -monodeamidated O -derivative O -isolated O -from O -the O -acid O -- O -denatured O -RNAase O -A O -by O -phosphate B-Chemical -is O -very O -similar O -to O -RNAase O -A O -in O -over O -- O -all O -conformation O -. O - -aps B-category -Physicochemical O -properties O -of O -cartilage O -proteoglycans O -extracted O -by O -lanthanum O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -involvement O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -radicals O -during O -the O -autoxidation O -of O -adrenalin O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -radical O -could O -be O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dissociated O -form O -of O -adrenalin O -( O -pK O -= O -8 O -. O -5 O -) O -is O -proposed O -as O -the O -source O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -anions O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -the O -diminished O -formation O -of O -adrenochrome O -due O -to O -the O -scavenging O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -anions O -and O -re O -- O -reduction O -of O -the O -semiquinone O -by O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -, O -respectively O -, O -adrenochrome O -is O -further O -removed O -by O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -, O -with O -final O -products O -absorbing O -at O -310 O -nm O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -monitoring O -the O -absorption O -of O -adrenochrome O -in O -alkaline O -solutions O -does O -not O -produce O -reliable O -evidence O -for O -superoxide B-Chemical -anions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -factor O -was O -partially O -purified O -by O -streptomycin B-Chemical -treatment O -and O -column O -chromatography O -using O -hydroxyapatite O -, O -diethylaminoethyl O -cellulose O -and O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -75 O -, O -in O -this O -order O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -its O -permeability O -activity O -was O -inhibited O -by O -diisopropylfluorophosphate B-Chemical -, O -soybean O -trypsin O -inhibitor O -and O -leupeptin O -, O -and O -completely O -adsorbed O -by O -soybean O -trypsin O -inhibitor O -affinity O -column O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -shown O -in O -this O -paper O -that O -bimolecular O -nucleophilic O -displacement O -of O -complexed O -ligand O -by O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deprotonated I-Chemical -ligand O -is O -the O -major O -pathway O -for O -ligand O -exchange O -at O -physiological O -pH O -, O -while O -at O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -stomach O -the O -proton O -- O -assisted O -dissociation O -of O -the O -complex O -is O -the O -predominant O -means O -by O -which O -exchange O -occurs O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -light O -- O -scattering O -study O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -on O -the O -molecular O -weight O -of O -Busycon O -hemocyanin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -added O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -02 O -M O -) O -, O -the O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -protein O -increases O -to O -10 O -. O -7 O -X O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -, O -and O -the O -second O -virial O -coefficient O -is O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -9 O -. O -95 O -, O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -are O -deprotonated O -and O -therefore O -also O -become O -available O -for O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -level O -of O -intracellular O -free O -chloride B-Chemical -in O -Aplysia O -giant O -neurons O -can O -be O -made O -to O -decline O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -50 O -mM O -NH4 O -+ O -solution O -followed O -by O -washing O -with O -10 O -mM O -HCO3 O -- O -/ O -0 O -. O -4 O -% O -CO2 O -- O -containing O -fluids O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -a O -new O -selective O -beta1 O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonist O -, O -( O -- O -- O -) O -- O -1 O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -hydroxyphenoxy O -) O -- B-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isopropyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propanol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -( O -H O -133 O -/ O -22 O -) O -, O -on O -amylase O -secretion O -from O -the O -rat O -parotid O -gland O -were O -investigated O -in O -an O -in O -vitro O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -H O -133 O -/ O -22 O -was O -found O -to O -be O -a O -potent O -enzyme O -secretagogue O -and O -appeared O -even O -more O -effective O -than O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -particularly O -at O -low O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -cyclic O -nucleotides O -on O -[ O -3H O -] O -- O -neurotransmitter O -release O -induced O -by O -potassium B-Chemical -stimulation O -in O -the O -rat O -pineal O -gland O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -- B-Chemical -neuroleptics I-Chemical -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -on O -rat O -cerebral O -membranes O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Piracetam B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -a I-Chemical -non O -- O -sedative O -anxiolytic O -drug O -? O - -aps B-category -Indomethacin B-Chemical -and O -alclofenac O -in O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -. O - -aps B-category -Beta O -- O -blockers O -and O -plasma O -triglycerides B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -chronic O -lesions O -of O -the O -dorsal O -raphe O -nucleus O -or O -combined O -lesions O -of O -the O -dorsal O -and O -median O -raphe O -nuclei O -did O -not O -significantly O -change O -the O -in O -vivo O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylation O -in O -the O -striatum O -as O -measured O -by O -the O -DOPA O -accumulation O -after O -decarboxylase O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -known O -inhibitors O -of O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -synthesis O -, O -significantly O -decreased O -the O -DOPA O -accumulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -a O -control O -would O -also O -be O -in O -agreement O -with O -our O -previous O -results O -suggesting O -that O -hte O -DOPA O -generation O -after O -LSD O -is O -controlled O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -golden O -hamster O -drugs O -which O -inhibit O -monoaminergic O -function O -( O -including O -p O -- O -chlorophenylalanine O -( O -PCPA B-Chemical -) O -, O -methysergide B-Chemical -and O -a B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -( O -a O -- O -MPT O -) O -facilitated O -lordosis O -in O -ovariectomized O -female O -hamsters O -as O -a O -function O -of O -the O -duration O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -benzoate O -( O -EB O -) O -priming O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -if O -female O -hamsters O -were O -primed O -with O -EB O -for O -only O -2 O -days O -, O -a O -- O -MPT O -and O -methysergide B-Chemical -were O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -alpha O -- O -MPT O -produced O -a O -three O -- O -fold O -elevation O -in O -progesterone B-Chemical -levels O -in O -ovariectomized O -females O -but O -methysergide B-Chemical -and O -PCPA B-Chemical -did O -not O -influence O -serum O -progesterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Luteinizing B-Chemical -hormone I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -hormone O -levels O -in O -the O -preoptic O -/ O -anterior O -hypothalamic O -area O -and O -the O -medial O -basal O -hypothalamus O -were O -also O -not O -significantly O -altered O -at O -1 O -h O -after O -PCPA B-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Pargyline O -, O -a O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitor O -, O -inhibited O -female O -sexual O -behavior O -in O -females O -in O -estrogen B-Chemical -alone O -- O -induced O -estrus O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -proposed O -with O -regard O -to O -female O -sexual O -behavior O -that O -species O -differences O -in O -estrogen B-Chemical -sensitivity O -may O -underlie O -apparent O -differences O -in O -drug O -sensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -monosynapticity O -of O -these O -connexions O -was O -established O -not O -only O -by O -the O -strict O -one O -- O -to O -- O -one O -correlation O -between O -presynaptic O -action O -potential O -and O -excitatory O -postsynaptic O -response O -( O -EPSP O -) O -and O -the O -constant O -latency O -for O -any O -given O -cell O -pair O -, O -but O -also O -by O -the O -following O -criteria O -: O -( O -a O -) O -gradual O -change O -in O -the O -EPSP O -following O -tetraethylammonium O -injection O -into O -the O -presynaptic O -neurone O -, O -( O -b O -) O -sustained O -EPSP O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -high O -external O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -, O -( O -c O -) O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -EPSP O -amplitude O -to O -presynaptic O -polarization O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -responses O -were O -obtained O -by O -local O -iontophoresis O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -occasionally O -also O -by O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Bufotenine O -was O -completely O -ineffective O -on O -the O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -or O -glutamate B-Chemical -excitatory O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -it O -must O -be O -emphasized O -that O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -biochemical O -and O -histological O -evidence O -the O -role O -of O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -cannot O -be O -regarded O -as O -conclusive O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -renal O -vein O -pressure O -on O -urinary O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -( O -LPS O -) O -preparations O -from O -both O -the O -mutant O -and O -wild O -type O -indicated O -the O -mutant O -to O -be O -deficient O -in O -the O -core O -region O -of O -its O -LPS O -. O - -aps B-category -Alterations O -in O -enzymes O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -catabolism O -in O -livers O -of O -rats O -bearing O -the O -Morris O -7800 O -hepatoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Intestinal O -absorption O -of O -a O -new O -anticholinergic O -agent O -, O -timepidium O -bromide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Syntheses O -of O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, O -2 O -- O -dihydroxy O -- O -6 O -, O -7 O -, O -8 O -, O -9 O -- O -tetrahydro O -- O -5H O -- O -benzocyclohepten O -- O -5 O -- O -ol O -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rapid O -electrochemical O -measurement O -of O -blood O -ethanol B-Chemical -is O -proposed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -depletion O -of O -buffer O -- O -carried O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -which O -is O -directly O -proportional O -to O -the O -alcohol B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -sample O -, O -is O -amperometrically O -monitored O -with O -a O -membrane O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensing I-Chemical -electrode O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drugs O -are O -eluted O -from O -a O -reversed O -- O -phase O -column O -with O -a O -mobile O -phase O -consisting O -of O -an O -acetonitrile O -/ O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -at O -a O -flow O -rate O -of O -3 O -. O -0 O -ml O -/ O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -activity O -and O -bilirubin B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -significant O -effects O -on O -the O -excretion O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -2 O -- O -phenylethylamine O -, O -inversely O -proportional O -to O -urinary O -pH O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -activation O -by O -cardiolipin O -was O -prevented O -by O -iodoacetate O -, O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -and O -also O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -and O -bronchial O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonistic O -potencies O -of O -atenolol B-Chemical -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -acebutolol O -, O -practolol O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -in O -the O -anaesthetized O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Atenolol O -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -acebutolol O -and O -practolol O -all O -possessed O -a O -similar O -degree O -of O -cardioselectivity O -in O -this O -animal O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraperitoneal O -injection O -of O -a O -small O -dose O -( O -10 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -) O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -tumour O -cell O -mitotic O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -2 O -- O -bromolysergic O -acid O -diethylamide O -and O -DL O -- O -6 O -- O -fluorotryptophan O -were O -all O -without O -effect O -on O -the O -colonic O -crypt O -cell O -mitotic O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -, O -salivary O -excretion O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -isomers O -, O -and O -effect O -of O -urinary O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -was O -eliminated O -more O -rapidly O -than O -the O -( O -- O -) O -- O -isomer O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -loxapine O -has O -tended O -to O -be O -less O -effective O -than O -some O -standard O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -in O -a O -few O -short O -- O -term O -( O -3 O -to O -4 O -weeks O -) O -studies O -, O -it O -has O -been O -superior O -to O -a O -placebo O -and O -about O -as O -effective O -as O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -trifluoperazine O -or O -thiothixene O -when O -evaluated O -after O -4 O -to O -12 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -haloperidol B-Chemical -) O -antipsychotic O -agents O -, O -loxapine O -causes O -a O -high O -incidence O -of O -extrapyramidal O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -compound O -possesses O -slight O -ganglion O -- O -blocking O -action O -and O -manifested O -alpha O -and O -beta O -adreno O -- O -blocking O -activity O -: O -diminishes O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -responses O -on O -the O -arterial O -pressure O -and O -heart O -activity O -in O -anesthetised O -cats O -and O -rats O -, O -shifts O -to O -the O -right O -the O -cumulative O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -on O -vas O -deferens O -of O -a O -rat O -, O -ect O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -animals O -, O -the O -psychopharmacological O -profile O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -stimulants O -is O -very O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -place O -of O -salbutamol B-Chemical -in O -the O -therapeutic O -armamentarium O -of O -depressive O -states O -has O -still O -to O -be O -defined O -exactly O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetoacetate O -, O -beta O -- O -hydroxybutyrate O -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -lactate B-Chemical -in O -whole O -blood O -, O -the O -acid O -- O -base O -balance O -according O -to O -Astrup O -, O -SGOT O -and O -SGPT O -, O -and O -the O -serum O -and O -urinary O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -were O -estimated O -in O -10 O -fasting O -obese O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -and O -urinary O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -decreased O -; O -A O -tendency O -to O -increased O -SGOT O -and O -SGPT O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -corrected O -the O -serum O -level O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -while O -its O -excretion O -remained O -low O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -in O -fasting O -subjects O -1 O -. O -the O -correction O -of O -the O -metabolic O -acidosis O -by O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -does O -not O -reduce O -the O -rate O -of O -lipid O -catabolism O -and O -does O -not O -lead B-Chemical -to O -fluid O -retention O -and O -2 O -. O -liver O -damage O -in O -fasting O -may O -be O -prevented O -by O -blood O -pH O -normalisation O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholesterol B-Chemical -ester O -hydrolase O -activity O -of O -pig O -aorta O -has O -been O -examined O -under O -optimum O -experimental O -conditions O -for O -hydrolysis O -of O -different O -cholesterol B-Chemical -esters O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -variety O -of O -nitroso O -chemical O -carcinogens O -increase O -the O -activity O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -( O -EC O -4 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -, O -the O -enzyme O -catalyzing O -the O -production O -of O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -membrane O -enzymes O -, O -M1 O -and O -M2 O -, O -moved O -as O -a O -single O -band O -in O -acrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -and O -had O -apparent O -molecular O -weights O -of O -150 O -000 O -and O -60 O -000 O -, O -respectively O -, O -as O -estimated O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -/ O -acrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -role O -of O -mitochondrial O -glutathione B-Chemical -peroxidase O -in O -modulating O -mitochondrial O -oxidations O -in O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -constraints O -that O -maintain O -the O -quasi O -- O -circularity O -of O -nucleoid O -DNA O -are O -very O -resistant O -to O -extremes O -of O -temperature O -and O -alkali B-Chemical -; O -some O -remain O -under O -conditions O -in O -which O -the O -duplex O -is O -denatured O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -beta O -- O -glucosidase O -activities O -could O -be O -solubilized O -from O -these O -preparations O -by O -0 O -. O -5 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -treatment O -and O -one O -of O -these O -could O -be O -shown O -to O -possess O -a O -high O -activity O -for O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -coniferin O -. O - -aps B-category -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -tolamolol O -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -etc O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -on O -the O -frog O -neuromuscular O -junction O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -amplitude O -of O -potentials O -evoked O -by O -ACh O -applied O -iontophoretically O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -Hz O -) O -at O -low O -frequencies O -in O -the O -chemosensitive O -region O -of O -the O -postjunctional O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -possible O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -at O -cholinergic O -synapses O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -of O -blockade O -of O -different O -receptors O -by O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -in O -rabbit O -stomach O -strips O -. O - -aps B-category -Onset O -of O -blockade O -by O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -proceeds O -at O -nearly O -identical O -rates O -when O -carbamylcholine O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -are O -the O -agonists O -( O -t1 O -/ O -2 O -= O -approximately O -5 O -min O -) O -while O -occurring O -more O -slowly O -against O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -( O -t1 O -/ O -2 O -= O -41 O -min O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pA2 O -values O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -on O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -, O -muscarinic O -and O -histaminic O -( O -H1 O -) O -receptors O -are O -8 O -. O -96 O -, O -7 O -. O -17 O -, O -and O -7 O -. O -90 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -, O -therefore O -, O -that O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreceptors O -in O -the O -rabbit O -stomach O -are O -less O -accessible O -to O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -or O -distributed O -differently O -within O -the O -tissue O -, O -than O -either O -the O -muscarinic O -or O -histaminic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -3H O -] O -Flumitrazepam O -appears O -to O -label O -specific O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -vitro O -after O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -50 O -% O -occupation O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -- B-Chemical -flunitrazepam I-Chemical -sites O -by O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -in O -vivo O -requires O -brain O -concentrations O -of O -the O -drugs O -about O -1000 O -times O -higher O -than O -their O -Ki O -values O -for O -the O -binding O -sites O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Amnesic O -effects O -of O -intravenous O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -lorazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -enzymes O -were O -heat O -- O -labile O -and O -inhibited O -by O -thiol B-Chemical -reagents O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -neurotransmitters O -in O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -deficiency O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -, O -methotrexate B-Chemical -and O -low O -sodium B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -on O -jejunal O -surface O -pH O -and O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transfer O -in O -the O -rat O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -methylated O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -analogue O -on O -canine O -and O -human O -gastric O -mucosa O -barrier O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -pancreatic O -secretion O -by O -enkephalin O -and O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Enkephalin O -and O -morphine B-Chemical -competitively O -inhibited O -the O -pancreatic O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -secretion O -induced O -either O -by O -exogenous O -secretin O -or O -duodenal O -acidification O -. O - -aps B-category -Opiate O -substance O -also O -profoundly O -inhibited O -pancreatic O -protein O -response O -to O -octapeptide O -of O -cholecystokinin B-Chemical -and O -to O -various O -stimulants O -of O -endogenous O -cholecystokinin B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effectiveness O -of O -water O -supply O -installations O -in O -regard O -to O -organophosphate B-Chemical -poisons O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -these O -salts O -correlated O -primarily O -with O -the O -concentration O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -anion O -. O - -aps B-category -Electroencephalographic O -( O -EEG O -) O -effects O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -were O -investigated O -in O -unanesthetized O -, O -unrestrained O -rabbits O -with O -chronic O -electrode O -implants O -and O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -recruiting O -response O -was O -slightly O -enhanced O -by O -flurazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -little O -or O -no O -effect O -on O -pressor O -responses O -to O -the O -injection O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -carotid O -artery O -occulusion O -and O -asphyxia O -with O -flurazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Subcutaneous O -administration O -of O -carteolol B-Chemical -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -caused O -a O -significant O -fall O -in O -mean O -blood O -pressure O -in O -both O -normotensive O -and O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -, O -whereas O -propranolol B-Chemical -produced O -a O -rise O -in O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -determine O -the O -beta O -- O -blocking O -action O -, O -changes O -in O -heart O -rate O -and O -blood O -pressure O -in O -response O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -3 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Effects O -on O -diarrhea O -induced O -by O -castor O -oil O -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -. O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -administration O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -and O -the O -ED50 O -value O -for O -2 O -hr O -protection O -was O -0 O -. O -24 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -p O -. O -o O -. O - -aps B-category -in O -mice O -and O -this O -activity O -was O -9 O -. O -2 O -times O -more O -potent O -than O -that O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Mechanism O -of O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -toxicity O -in O -grouped O -mice O -and O -the O -effects O -of O -centrally O -acting O -drugs O -on O -its O -toxicity O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Almost O -all O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -dose O -- O -dependently O -antagonized O -the O -MA O -toxicity O -in O -grouped O -mice O -, O -in O -small O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Phentolamine B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -antagonized O -the O -MA O -toxicity O -at O -higher O -doses O -than O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -H44 O -/ O -68 O -( O -a O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -inhibitor O -) O -had O -a O -considerable O -effect O -in O -antagonizing O -the O -MA O -toxicity O -, O -but O -diethyldithiocarbamate O -, O -U O -- O -14 O -, O -624 O -and O -FLA O -63 O -( O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -inhibitors O -) O -prevented O -the O -MA O -toxicity O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -than O -did O -H44 O -/ O -68 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -data O -show O -that O -the O -MA O -toxicity O -in O -grouped O -mice O -( O -the O -increase O -in O -mortality O -) O -was O -enhanced O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -other O -mice O -, O -and O -suggest O -that O -the O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -neurons O -play O -an O -important O -role O -in O -promoting O -the O -MA O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -found O -a O -hyperbolic O -curve O -in O -the O -Lineweaver O -- O -Burk O -plots O -of O -the O -drug O -- O -metabolizing O -activity O -and O -competitive O -inhibition O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -hormones O -to O -drugs O -, O -and O -suggested O -that O -several O -enzymes O -acting O -on O -different O -sites O -of O -various O -steroid B-Chemical -hormone O -molecules O -might O -metabolize O -drugs O -without O -having O -specificities O -for O -hydroxylation O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -inhibited O -aniline O -hydroxylatin O -by O -liver O -microsomes O -from O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -mice O -more O -effectively O -at O -higher O -pH O -range O -and O -the O -pH O -curve O -was O -similar O -to O -that O -seen O -for O -normal O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -in O -A2 O -- O -cell O -and O -B O -- O -cell O -- O -rich O -pancreatic O -islets O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -human O -serum O -opsonins O -by O -using O -combinations O -of O -heat O -inactivation O -and O -chelation O -to O -inhibit O -complement O -, O -adsorption O -to O -remove O -antibody O -, O -and O -trypan B-Chemical -blue I-Chemical -to O -inactivate O -the O -C3 O -receptor O -of O -human O -polymorphonuclear O -leukocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthetic O -product O -was O -characterized O -by O -partition O -chromatography O -on O -agarose O -gel O -, O -thin O -- O -layer O -chromatography O -in O -two O -solvent O -systems O -, O -paper O -electrophoresis O -at O -two O -pH O -values O -, O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analyses O -of O -acid O -and O -enzymic O -hydrolysates O -, O -and O -bioassay O -for O -lipolytic O -and O -melanotropic O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -oxidation O -in O -the O -chick O -cornea O -: O -effect O -of O -diamide O -on O -the O -pentose O -shunt O -. O - -aps B-category -Shunt O -activity O -was O -measured O -by O -the O -ratio O -of O -radiolabeled O -carbon B-Chemical -1 O -( O -14C O -- O -1 O -) O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -radiolabeled O -carbon B-Chemical -6 O -( O -14C O -- O -6 O -) O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -derived O -as O -expired O -14CO2 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -NEM O -decreased O -both O -C O -- O -1 O -and O -C O -- O -6 O -oxidation O -, O -with O -C O -- O -6 O -preferentially O -affected O -. O - -aps B-category -Continued O -exposure O -lead B-Chemical -to O -hyperpnea O -accompanied O -by O -a O -fall O -in O -PaCO2 O -and O -a O -rise O -in O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -during O -respiratory O -alkalosis O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Motility O -of O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -was O -inhibited O -within O -a O -few O -minutes O -by O -a O -combination O -of O -valinomycin O -and O -a O -high O -concentration O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -in O -the O -medium O -at O -neutral O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -valinomycin O -concentration O -necessary O -for O -motility O -inhibition O -was O -determined O -at O -various O -concentrations O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -and O -various O -pH O -' O -s O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -230 O -mM O -potassium B-Chemical -ion O -, O -the O -motility O -inhibition O -by O -valinomycin O -was O -not O -detected O -at O -pH O -lower O -than O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Involvement O -of O -the O -product O -of O -the O -glnF O -gene O -in O -the O -autogenous O -regulation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -formation O -in O -Klebsiella O -aerogenes O -. O - -aps B-category -Mutants O -in O -this O -gene O -have O -in O -all O -media O -a O -level O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -GS O -) O -corresponding O -to O -the O -level O -found O -in O -the O -wild O -- O -type O -strain O -grown O -in O -the O -medium O -producing O -the O -strongest O -repression O -of O -GS O -. O - -aps B-category -Glycerolipid O -biosynthesis O -in O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -: O -sn B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycerol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -dihydroxyacetone O -phosphate B-Chemical -acyltransferase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -is O -characteristically O -enriched O -in O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -content O -, O -differing O -from O -that O -of O -extra O -- O -cellular O -subtilisins O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -molecular O -forms O -of O -intracellular O -protease O -were O -found O -, O -two O -of O -them O -with O -NH2 O -- O -terminal O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -one O -minor O -form O -, O -three O -residues O -longer O -, O -with O -asparagine O -as O -NH2 O -terminus O -. O - -aps B-category -Glycyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DL I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norleucine I-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -( O -GN O -) O -, O -a O -diazoacetyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DL I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norleucine I-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -( O -DAN O -) O -analog O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -cupric O -ions O -was O -found O -to O -partially O -quench O -the O -protein O -fluorescence O -of O -acid O -protease O -from O -Cladosporium O -sp O -. O - -aps B-category -ATP O -, O -ADP O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -imidodiphosphate O -( O -PNP O -) O -, O -p O -- O -chloromercuribenzoate O -, O -and O -Ca2 O -+ O -inhibited O -its O -enzymic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -was O -estimated O -to O -be O -67 O -, O -000 O -by O -gel O -filtration O -and O -the O -molecular O -size O -of O -the O -subunit O -was O -found O -to O -be O -35 O -, O -000 O -by O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -( O -SDS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -the O -protein O -was O -analyzed O -, O -and O -no O -cystein O -residue O -was O -found O -among O -more O -than O -210 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -enzyme O -was O -able O -to O -lyse O -chloroform B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -killed I-Chemical -gram O -- O -negative O -and O -gram O -- O -positive O -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -unusual O -stability O -of O -the O -native O -inhibitor O -, O -the O -separated O -domains O -were O -less O -stable O -and O -could O -be O -inactivated O -with O -excess O -proteinases O -. O - -aps B-category -Guanylyl O -- O -( O -2 O -' O -- O -5 O -' O -) O -- B-Chemical -guanosine I-Chemical -binds O -to O -RNase O -T1 O -in O -1 O -: O -1 O -stoichiometry O -with O -a O -dissociation O -constant O -of O -0 O -. O -22 O -mM O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -0 O -and O -25 O -degrees O -C O -. O -This O -nucleotide B-Chemical -, O -coupled O -to O -aminohexyl O -- O -Sepharose O -4B O -, O -is O -able O -to O -serve O -as O -an O -affinity O -adsorbent O -for O -guanyloribonuclease O -[ O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -8 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -hepatic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -mRNA O -by O -protein O -synthesis O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -increase O -in O -total O -hepatic O -mRNA O -levels O -or O -tryptophan B-Chemical -oxygenase O -mRNA O -was O -found O -after O -treatment O -with O -these O -protein O -synthesis O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnesium B-Chemical -dependence O -of O -agonist O -binding O -to O -adenylate O -cyclase O -- O -coupled O -hormone O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -results O -were O -obtained O -by O -analytical O -dialysis O -using O -zinc B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -modified I-Chemical -cellophane O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -deduced O -that O -the O -pattern O -of O -proton O -movement O -in O -the O -photosynthetic O -lamellae O -of O -intact O -Plectonema O -spheroplasts O -corresponds O -to O -that O -of O -the O -cell O -- O -free O -membrane O -system O -, O -as O -both O -preparations O -show O -similar O -light O -dependent O -accumulation O -of O -fluorescent O -amine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -into O -BHK21 O -- O -C13 O -cells O -in O -culture O -has O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -studies O -using O -other O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -or O -their O -analogues O -provided O -information O -about O -the O -specificity O -of O -this O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -studies O -of O -the O -inhibition O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -uptake O -also O -indicated O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -second O -neutral O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -system O -capable O -of O -transporting O -this O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -the O -uptake O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -indicated O -that O -this O -transport O -system O -has O -a O -similar O -specificity O -to O -the O -" O -L O -" O -- O -system O -initially O -described O -for O -Ehrlich O -ascites O -carcinoma O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lack O -of O -coordinacy O -with O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -suggests O -they O -are O -not O -derived O -from O -exfoliated O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Membranes O -were O -extracted O -with O -1 O -mM O -EDTA O -( O -pH O -8 O -, O -40 O -h O -, O -4 O -degrees O -C O -) O -and O -analyzed O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -accumulation O -of O -inextractable O -spectrin O -correlated O -temporally O -with O -the O -increase O -in O -apparent O -membrane O -deformability O -and O -the O -increases O -in O -erythrocyte O -vicosity O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -content O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -gain O -, O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -loss O -characteristic O -of O -ATP O -- O -depleted O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -, O -10 O -and O -20 O -mg O -, O -and O -2 O -and O -4 O -mg O -lorazepam B-Chemical -were O -studied O -as O -intravenous O -surgical O -premedicants O -in O -120 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -effects O -of O -intravenous O -diazepam B-Chemical -peaks O -in O -2 O -to O -3 O -minutes O -and O -diminishes O -thereafter O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -hypnotic O -efficacy O -and O -safety O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -and O -flurazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -at O -the O -dosages O -tested O -, O -0 O -. O -6 O -mg O -triazolam B-Chemical -had O -a O -significantly O -faster O -onset O -of O -activity O -than O -30 O -mg O -flurazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Drowsiness O -and O -grogginess O -were O -reported O -most O -frequently O -on O -both O -treatments O -, O -and O -the O -number O -of O -patients O -reporting O -drowsiness O -or O -grogginess O -was O -also O -significantly O -higher O -in O -the O -flurazepam B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonists O -, O -adenosine B-Chemical -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -increased O -the O -level O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cAMP B-Chemical -) O -in O -glial O -cultures O -prepared O -from O -rat O -cerebral O -cortical O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -accumulation O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -in O -response O -to O -each O -of O -these O -agen O -- O -s O -, O -including O -cholera O -toxin O -, O -was O -partially O -blocked O -( O -50 O -- O -- O -80 O -% O -) O -by O -simultaneous O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -in O -glia O -, O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -may O -serve O -to O -modulate O -the O -level O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -which O -normally O -accumulates O -in O -response O -to O -a O -number O -of O -neurohumoral O -substances O -. O - -aps B-category -Preservation O -of O -organophosphorous B-Chemical -pesticides O -in O -water O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -technique O -using O -chloroform B-Chemical -effectively O -preserved O -all O -sixteen O -pesticides O -for O -the O -three O -weeks O -of O -the O -study O -and O -refrigeration O -was O -effective O -for O -fourteen O -of O -the O -pesticides O -, O -but O -buffers O -of O -pH O -4 O -and O -pH O -7 O -appeared O -undependable O -as O -preservatives O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -Km O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -was O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -and O -the O -molecular O -weight O -, O -determined O -by O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -, O -was O -150 O -- O -200 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationships O -among O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -flow O -rate O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -binding O -by O -hemoglobin O -, O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -utilization O -in O -chronic O -cardiac O -decompensation O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -quantified O -the O -role O -that O -decreased O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -to O -hemoglobin O -may O -play O -in O -maintaining O -VO2 O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -low O -systemic O -blood O -flow O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -VO2 O -was O -maintained O -because O -the O -extraction O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -rose O -from O -about O -20 O -% O -to O -50 O -% O -in O -close O -association O -with O -the O -decrease O -in O -OFIa O -. O - -aps B-category -Allosteric O -modifiers O -of O -fish O -hemoglobins O -: O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -studies O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -ambient O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -pH O -on O -erythrocyte O -ATP O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -, O -pH O -and O -metabolic O -inhibitors O -on O -the O -cellular O -concentration O -of O -ATP O -of O -fish O -red O -cells O -has O -been O -investigated O -as O -an O -in O -vitro O -model O -to O -explain O -in O -vivo O -responses O -to O -environmental O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -propoxyphene O -napsylate O -for O -detoxification O -of O -a O -child O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -tolerance O -and O -physical O -dependence O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stability O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -in O -various O -types O -of O -vehicles O -, O -aqueous O -, O -water O -- O -washable O -( O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -ointment O -base O -) O -, O -and O -oil O -in O -water O -or O -water O -in O -oil O -- O -type O -emulsified O -vehicles O -, O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -other O -ingredients O -, O -iodochlorhydroxyquin O -, O -menthol O -, O -and O -phenol B-Chemical -, O -was O -studied O -under O -normal O -conditions O -( O -room O -temperature O -and O -weakly O -acidic O -pH O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -and O -glycerin B-Chemical -to O -water O -had O -a O -stabilizing O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -at O -higher O -temperatures O -confirmed O -that O -the O -decomposition O -in O -water O -and O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -was O -pseudo O -- O -first O -order O -. O - -aps B-category -Demonstration O -of O -penicillamine B-Chemical -as O -a O -product O -in O -benzylpenicillenic O -acid O -degradation O -in O -neutral O -media O -using O -differential O -pulse O -polarography O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -this O -result O -was O -not O -previously O -reported O -, O -the O -effects O -of O -pH O -and O -buffer O -concentration O -on O -penicillamine B-Chemical -formation O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Penicillamine B-Chemical -was O -not O -obtained O -from O -benzylpenicilloic O -acid O -, O -the O -reported O -degradation O -product O -of O -benzylpenicillenic O -acid O -at O -neutral O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -penicillamine B-Chemical -found O -in O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -solutions O -arises O -from O -benzylpenicillenic O -acid O -degradation O -which O -, O -in O -turn O -, O -is O -produced O -from O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -isomerization O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -ionization O -on O -absorption O -of O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cephalexin O -, O -cephradine O -, O -and O -cephaloglycin O -have O -some O -oral O -activity O -, O -while O -3 O -- O -[ O -( O -acetyloxy O -) O -methyl O -] O -- O -8 O -- O -oxo O -- O -7 O -- O -[ O -[ O -( O -4 O -- O -oxo O -- O -1 O -( O -4H O -- O -pyridinyl O -) O -acetyl O -] O -- B-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -] O -- O -5 O -- O -thia O -- O -1 O -- O -azabicyclo O -[ O -4 O -. O -2 O -. O -0 O -] O -oct O -- O -2 O -- O -ene O -- O -2 O -- O -carboxylic O -acid O -( O -I O -) O -has O -insignificant O -oral O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -species O -profiles O -are O -compared O -with O -the O -pH O -- O -absorption O -rate O -profiles O -for O -cephalexin B-Chemical -, O -cephradine O -, O -and O -I O -, O -the O -results O -are O -consistent O -with O -a O -model O -in O -which O -the O -zwitterionic O -and O -/ O -or O -uncharged O -forms O -of O -the O -molecules O -are O -well O -absorbed O -, O -whereas O -the O -anions O -show O -little O -or O -no O -absorption O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -stability O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversion O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -to O -digoxigenin B-Chemical -was O -followed O -by O -high O -- O -pressure O -liquid O -chromatography O -and O -shown O -to O -proceed O -by O -the O -initial O -loss O -of O -one O -, O -two O -, O -or O -three O -sugars O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -individual O -hydrolysis O -rate O -constants O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -, O -digoxigenin B-Chemical -bisdigitoxoside O -, O -and O -digoxigenin B-Chemical -monodigitoxoside O -were O -determined O -by O -a O -simplex O -fitting O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -impurities O -in O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Compounds O -I O -- O -III O -are O -novel O -molecules O -, O -and O -IV O -is O -the O -precursor O -of O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vitro O -adsorption O -of O -the O -alkaloid O -emetine O -, O -a O -primary O -constituent O -of O -ipecac O -, O -on O -activated O -charcoal B-Chemical -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -addition O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -as O -the O -internal O -standard O -, O -plasma O -is O -extracted O -at O -physiological O -pH O -into O -benzene B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isoamyl I-Chemical -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -desmethyldiazepam O -are O -quantitatively O -extracted O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -evaluation O -of O -three O -commercial O -sustained O -- O -release O -papaverine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -Release O -of O -papaverine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -from O -the O -commercial O -preparations O -was O -affected O -significantly O -by O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -dissolution O -media O -but O -not O -by O -the O -agitation O -intensity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -, O -hydrolysis O -rate O -, O -and O -bioavailability O -of O -1 O -- O -( O -p O -- O -acetaminophenoxy O -) O -- O -1 O -- O -ethoxyethane O -, O -an O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -prodrug O -, O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -an O -acidic O -environment O -, O -the O -compound O -cleaves O -rapidly O -, O -generating O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrolysis O -kinetics O -of O -the O -monophosphate O -ester O -triclofos O -sodium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -showed O -a O -modest O -positive O -kinetic O -salt B-Chemical -effect O -at O -pH O -3 O -. O -50 O -and O -a O -modest O -negative O -effect O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -80 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -to O -determine O -the O -serum O -concentration O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -blocking O -agent O -, O -nadolol B-Chemical -, O -by O -GLC O -- O -- O -selected O -ion O -monitoring O -mass O -spectrometry O -of O -the O -tri O -( O -trimethysilyl O -) O -ether B-Chemical -derivative O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ions O -at O -m O -/ O -e O -86 O -and O -100 O -were O -monitored O -to O -establish O -the O -relative O -concentration O -ratio O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -and O -the O -internal O -reference O -N O -- O -methylnadolol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -equilibrium O -constants O -of O -five O -commercial O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -is O -proposed O -for O -the O -simultaneous O -determination O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -in O -solutions O -by O -differential O -spectrophotometry O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -on O -atrial O -and O -ventricular O -rates O -in O -unanesthetized O -atrioventricular O -blocked O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Circular O -muscle O -of O -the O -rat O -external O -jugular O -vein O -contracted O -to O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -angiotensin B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -but O -not O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -, O -histamine B-Chemical -or O -carbamylcholine O -. O - -aps B-category -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -histamine B-Chemical -produced O -a O -concentration O -- O -dependent O -sustained O -relaxation O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contractions O -in O -the O -rat O -jugular O -vein O -, O -as O -did O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -and O -papaverine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -alpha O -adrenergic O -receptor O -blockade O -with O -phentolamine B-Chemical -or O -prazosin B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -greater O -relaxation O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -whereas O -cocaine B-Chemical -did O -not O -enhance O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -vasodilation O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Dynamic O -ECG O -studies O -on O -possible O -cardiac O -modifications O -during O -the O -course O -of O -barium B-Chemical -enemas O -. O - -aps B-category -Organomercurials O -form O -stable O -stoichiometric O -complexes O -with O -thiolated O -nucleosides B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Chemical O -modification O -of O -cells O -with O -penetrating O -and O -nonpenetrating O -organomercurials O -lead B-Chemical -to O -stimulation O -of O -nucleoside B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -its O -susceptibility O -to O -inhibition O -by O -S O -- O -- O -Hg O -- O -- O -R O -complexes O -or O -S O -- O -aklylated O -derivatives O -of O -mercaptopurine O -ribosides O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -distinct O -classes O -of O -sites O -were O -implied O -: O -( O -i O -) O -a O -substrate O -binding O -site O -susceptible O -directly O -to O -competitive O -inhibition O -by O -organomercurial O -- O -mercaptonucleoside O -complexes O -, O -( O -ii O -) O -an O -additional O -site O -susceptible O -either O -to O -S O -- O -arylalkylated O -or O -S O -- O -mercuriated O -derivatives O -of O -6 O -- O -mercaptopurine O -ribosides O -, O -( O -iii O -) O -SH O -- O -containing O -modifier O -sites O -which O -stimulate O -uridine B-Chemical -uptake O -upon O -binding O -of O -organomercurials O -, O -and O -( O -iv O -) O -SH O -- O -containing O -modifier O -sites O -which O -inhibit O -the O -function O -upon O -binding O -of O -organomercurials O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -hypertonic O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -hemolysis O -increased O -progressively O -with O -increasing O -pH O -between O -6 O -and O -9 O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -inhibiting O -effect O -of O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -was O -observed O -when O -hypertonicity O -was O -due O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -sulfate O -or O -sucrose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -SITS O -( O -4 O -- O -acetamido O -- O -4 O -' O -- O -isothiocyanostilbene O -- O -2 O -, O -2 O -' O -- O -disulfonate O -) O -and O -phloretin O -interfered O -with O -this O -valinomycin O -effect O -, O -whereas O -phlorizin B-Chemical -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneous O -determinations O -of O -PCO2 O -, O -PO2 O -, O -and O -pH O -values O -showed O -a O -substantial O -increase O -in O -PCO2 O -levels O -and O -decrease O -in O -PO2 O -, O -pH O -, O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -levels O -in O -the O -pericardial O -compared O -with O -the O -intracardial O -aspirates O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -canine O -experiments O -with O -coronary O -catheterization O -and O -perfusion O -, O -catheterization O -of O -the O -heart O -cavities O -and O -great O -vessles O -, O -and O -with O -thermodilution O -it O -was O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blocker O -Phentolamine B-Chemical -causes O -a O -regular O -flow O -resistance O -in O -the O -coronary O -vessels O -. O - -aps B-category -Phentolamine B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -pressor O -reactions O -of O -the O -coronaries O -to O -mesatone O -, O -adrenalin O -, O -noradrenalin O -, O -and O -limited O -the O -manifestations O -of O -the O -pressor O -effects O -in O -the O -coronary O -vessels O -during O -systemic O -sinocarotid O -reflexes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hyalurnic I-Chemical -acid O -complex O -is O -also O -destroyed O -by O -ascorbate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -paper O -presents O -experimental O -data O -indicating O -maximum O -permissible O -concentrations O -of O -acetone O -and O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -in O -reclaimed O -potable O -water O -used O -for O -different O -periods O -of O -time O -- O -- O -up O -to O -1 O -, O -3 O -or O -12 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -recommended O -levels O -for O -reclaimed O -water O -used O -for O -1 O -- O -- O -3 O -months O -are O -39 O -. O -6 O -mg O -/ O -l O -and O -0 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -l O -for O -acetone O -and O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Benzodiazepine O -binding O -in O -human O -brain O -: O -characterization O -using O -[ O -3H O -] O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -identification O -of O -the O -site O -of O -action O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -in O -human O -brain O -by O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diazepam I-Chemical -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -from O -human O -pheochromocytoma O -, O -bovine O -adrenal O -and O -rat O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -O O -- O -demethylases O -from O -higher O -fungi O -require O -NADH O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -growth O -temperature O -, O -aeration O -and O -presence O -of O -certain O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -D O -- O -mannose O -, O -in O -the O -culture O -medium O -had O -some O -effect O -on O -the O -agglutination O -in O -tensity O -; O -pH O -6 O -- O -8 O -was O -optimal O -for O -it O -and O -only O -at O -pH O -3 O -. O -0 O -- O -3 O -. O -2 O -no O -agglutination O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Apart O -from O -the O -qualitative O -diagnosis O -( O -drug O -containing O -bromide B-Chemical -) O -the O -radiological O -proof O -of O -shadow O -- O -giving O -substances O -also O -permits O -a O -quantitative O -clinical O -assessment O -and O -has O -prognostical O -as O -well O -as O -therapeutical O -consequences O -. O - -aps B-category -Release O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -tyrosine B-Chemical -from O -tubulinyl O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -tyrosine B-Chemical -by O -brain O -extract O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -carboxypeptidase O -previously O -described O -that O -releases O -tyrosine B-Chemical -from O -tubulinyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -was O -obtained O -from O -rat O -brain O -preparation O -free O -of O -tubulin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -ligase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -preparation O -containing O -tubulin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -ligase O -free O -of O -carboxypeptidase O -was O -also O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -structure O -of O -the O -flavoenzyme O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -polypeptide O -chain O -has O -been O -traced O -, O -and O -the O -binding O -positions O -of O -FAD O -, O -NADP O -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -have O -been O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -I O -. O -Catecholamine B-Chemical -turnover O -changes O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -critical O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -suggestion O -is O -put O -forward O -that O -the O -early O -embryos O -possess O -an O -intracellular O -mechanism O -participating O -in O -the O -interaction O -between O -the O -cells O -and O -operating O -via O -endogenous O -monoamines B-Chemical -, O -primarily O -serotonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -cortisole O -injections O -and O -stress O -( O -" O -handling O -" O -) O -in O -the O -early O -ontogenesis O -( O -during O -the O -first O -9 O -or O -16 O -days O -of O -life O -) O -on O -the O -process O -of O -thyrosine O -aminotransferase O -induction O -by O -cortisol B-Chemical -in O -the O -adult O -rats O -has O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -obtained O -suggest O -that O -the O -sensitive O -period O -of O -postnatal O -ontogenesis O -when O -cortisol B-Chemical -or O -" O -handling O -" O -exert O -such O -a O -stable O -effect O -is O -limited O -by O -the O -3rd O -and O -9th O -days O -after O -birth O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ciliostatic O -action O -of O -the O -factor O -can O -be O -reversed O -by O -heparin B-Chemical -under O -certain O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -child O -with O -hypophosphatemic O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -rickets O -was O -treated O -for O -three O -years O -with O -the O -conventional O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inorganic I-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -supplementation O -followed O -by O -a O -new O -therapeutic O -regimen O -consisting O -of O -1 O -, O -25 O -dihydroxyvitamin O -D3 O -( O -1 O -, O -25 O -( O -OH O -) O -2D3 O -) O -and O -half O -of O -the O -previous O -phosphate B-Chemical -supplementation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -lowering O -of O -the O -urinary O -pH O -with O -ascorbic O -acid O -supplementation O -seems O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -improvement O -in O -the O -renal O -tubular O -reabsorption O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -but O -its O -distinct O -effect O -, O -separate O -from O -the O -rest O -of O -the O -treatment O -modalities O -, O -was O -not O -tested O -in O -this O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -cases O -of O -subclavian O -involvement O -are O -used O -to O -contrast B-Chemical -them O -from O -a O -histopathological O -standpoint O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mutation O -results O -in O -decreased O -ribosomal O -in O -vitro O -activities O -at O -22 O -degrees O -C O -including O -lowered O -polyphenylalanine O -synthesis O -, O -drastic O -altered O -initiation O -step O -and O -the O -loss O -of O -erythromycin B-Chemical -binding O -to O -the O -ribosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -- O -dimensional O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -was O -used O -to O -separate O -the O -5 O -' O -- O -[ O -32P O -] O -labeled O -fragments O -present O -in O -partial O -alkali B-Chemical -digests O -of O -a O -5 O -' O -- O -[ O -32P O -] O -labeled O -mRNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Examination O -of O -the O -CD O -spectra O -along O -the O -alkaline O -titrations O -indicated O -the O -presence O -of O -another O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bonded I-Chemical -complex O -of O -higher O -G O -content O -. O - -aps B-category -New O -observations O -concerning O -the O -chloroacetaldehyde B-Chemical -reaction O -with O -some O -tRNA O -constituents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -- O -CH2CH O -/ O -OH O -/ O -- O -bridge O -between O -the O -exo O -and O -endo O -nitrogen B-Chemical -atoms O -of O -the O -parent O -base O -was O -found O -in O -these O -compounds O -by O -means O -of O -PMR O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -PH O -range O -of O -4 O -. O -5 O -- O -- O -5 O -. O -0 O -was O -found O -to O -be O -optimum O -for O -both O -adenosine B-Chemical -and O -cytidine O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -previous O -publication1 O -we O -reported O -that O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -selective O -reagent O -, O -tetraitromethane O -, O -causes O -complete O -inactivation O -of O -E O -. O -coli O -30S O -ribosomes O -for O -poly O -U O -directed O -non O -- O -enzymatic O -phe O -- O -tRNA O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -Aluminium O -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -precipitated O -from O -AlCl3 O -- O -H3PO4 O -and O -NaOH B-Chemical -, O -NH3H2O O -and O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Na2CO3 I-Chemical -mixture O -up O -to O -different O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Choline O -acetyltransferase O -and O -acetylcholinesterase O -activities O -in O -mice O -brain O -during O -the O -antagonistic O -action O -of O -antidepressant B-Chemical -drugs O -and O -Ro O -4 O -- O -- O -1284 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -dose O -of O -imipramine B-Chemical -did O -not O -reverse O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -syndrome O -whereas O -inhibited O -Ach O -- O -E O -activity O -and O -increased O -Ach O -- O -T O -activity O -at O -the O -same O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -codeine B-Chemical -, O -fentanyl B-Chemical -and O -pentazocine B-Chemical -on O -locomotor O -activity O -of O -rats O -and O -mice O -and O -open O -- O -field O -performance O -of O -rats O -were O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -Fentanyl B-Chemical -increased O -the O -exploratory O -and O -basal O -locomotor O -activity O -of O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -of O -locomotor O -activity O -in O -mice O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -fentanyl B-Chemical -is O -caused O -by O -an O -indirect O -stimulation O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Preventive O -action O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -synthesis O -inhibitors O -and O -of O -adrenergic O -blockaders O -on O -the O -occurrence O -of O -the O -anovular O -syndrome O -in O -neonatally O -androgenized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Preventive O -action O -of O -adrenoblockers O -( O -droperidol B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -) O -on O -the O -effects O -of O -early O -androgenization O -were O -weak O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Direct O -effect O -of O -ethambutol B-Chemical -on O -acid O -formation O -and O -motor O -activity O -of O -the O -stomach O -in O -patients O -with O -tuberculosis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -subsequent O -addition O -of O -a O -reductant O -of O -the O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -such O -as O -beta O -- O -hydroxybutyrate O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -or O -isocitrate O -causes O -reuptake O -of O -the O -released O -Ca O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -enzyme O -has O -an O -optimum O -pH O -of O -6 O -. O -5 O -, O -a O -low O -Km O -for O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -4 O -micron O -) O -, O -and O -an O -absolute O -requirement O -for O -Mg2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Highly O -purified O -fractions O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -[ O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltrinsferase O -; O -( O -5 O -- O -glutamyl O -) O -- O -peptide O -: O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -5 O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -. O -2 O -] O -from O -normal O -and O -malignant O -rat O -mammary O -tissue O -were O -prepared O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -resonances O -the O -internal O -and O -external O -phosphate B-Chemical -potentials O -could O -be O -estimated O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacokinetics O -and O -bioavailability O -of O -alclofenac O -and O -its O -lysine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -after O -different O -route O -of O -administration O -in O -the O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -Stereotaxic O -injection O -of O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -into O -the O -striatum O -of O -adult O -rats O -causes O -degeneration O -of O -neurons O -intrinsic O -to O -the O -striatum O -but O -spares O -axons O -of O -passage O -and O -of O -termination O -of O -extrinsic O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intensity O -and O -duration O -of O -the O -acute O -behavioral O -response O -to O -kainate B-Chemical -also O -increases O -with O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -ontogenetic O -studies O -provide O -additional O -evidence O -that O -kainate B-Chemical -' O -s O -neurotoxicity O -is O -a O -receptor O -- O -mediated O -event O -related O -to O -glutamatergic O -innervation O -of O -vulnerable O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -, O -lergotrile O -: O -the O -antiparkinsonian O -efficacy O -and O -the O -interaction O -with O -monoaminergic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -drugs O -effectively O -relieve O -tremor O -in O -experimental O -monkeys O -and O -induce O -less O -pronounced O -abnormal O -involuntary O -movements O -than O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -or O -piribedil O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -effects O -were O -similar O -to O -those O -observed O -with O -levodopa B-Chemical -and O -carbidopa B-Chemical -, O -except O -that O -in O -individual O -patients O -abnormal O -involuntary O -movements O -and O -diurnal O -oscillations O -in O -performance O -( O -" O -on O -- O -off O -" O -effect O -) O -were O -decreased O -, O -while O -mental O -changes O -were O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -drugs O -have O -mixed O -agonist O -- O -antagonist O -activities O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -; O -lergotrile O -has O -a O -higher O -affinity O -for O -the O -agonist O -site O -while O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -has O -a O -higher O -affinity O -for O -the O -antagonist O -site O -of O -the O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -course O -of O -systemic O -blood O -pressure O -response O -in O -normotensive O -anaesthetized O -rats O -was O -studied O -after O -a O -bolus O -administration O -of O -standard O -doses O -( O -0 O -. O -4 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -) O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -bradykinin B-Chemical -, O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -chronic O -lithium B-Chemical -administration O -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -rat O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -showed O -an O -increase O -in O -homovanillic O -acid O -and O -3 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxyphenylacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -levels O -but O -no O -significant O -change O -in O -dopamine B-Chemical -concentration O -after O -3 O -weeks O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -release O -and O -turnover O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -lithium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -enflurane B-Chemical -on O -the O -hepatocyte O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -morphine B-Chemical -nor O -deprivation O -of O -rapid O -eye O -movement O -( O -REM O -) O -sleep O -affected O -the O -degradation O -of O -peptides O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -hydroxyphentoin O -( O -HPPH O -) O -, O -the O -major O -metabolite O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -, O -on O -the O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -metabolism O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -was O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -, O -HPPH O -inhibited O -both O -nicotine B-Chemical -elimination O -and O -cotinine O -formation O -but O -did O -not O -affect O -nicotin O -- O -l O -' O -- O -N O -- O -oxide O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -given O -to O -a O -group O -of O -asthmatic O -patients O -at O -' O -recommended O -' O -and O -5 O -- O -- O -10 O -times O -' O -recommended O -' O -dose O -by O -aerosol O -, O -cardiovascular O -effects O -were O -minimal O -and O -of O -a O -magnitude O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -salbutamol B-Chemical -given O -in O -the O -same O -dosages O -to O -the O -same O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -effect O -of O -mainly O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -drugs O -, O -indirect O -sympathomimetrics O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -on O -exocrine O -pancreatic O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -injection O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -induced O -simultaneously O -a O -rapid O -depression O -of O -flow O -rate O -and O -an O -increase O -of O -perfusion O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protein O -and O -enzyme O -secretion O -was O -enhanced O -both O -in O -normal O -animals O -and O -cats O -pretreated O -by O -reserpine B-Chemical -or O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -development O -of O -beta2 O -- O -specific O -sympathomimetic O -bronchodilators O -( O -rimiterol O -, O -salbutamol B-Chemical -, O -terbutaline B-Chemical -) O -has O -made O -the O -basic O -treatment O -of O -asthmatic O -patients O -more O -safe O -and O -effective O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -cAMP B-Chemical -mediates O -the O -effect O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -which O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -diminish O -the O -change O -in O -pHi O -accompanying O -respiratory O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Standing O -produced O -increases O -in O -heart O -rate O -, O -cardiac O -output O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -, O -and O -left O -ventricular O -work O -and O -decreases O -in O -mean O -aortic O -pressure O -and O -systemic O -vascular O -resistance O -in O -NH O -calves O -which O -were O -more O -marked O -with O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Measurements O -of O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -whole O -blood O -and O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Trimethoprim B-Chemical -and O -rosamicin O -have O -antimicrobial O -spectra O -well O -suited O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -bacterial O -urethritis O -and O -vaginitis O -and O -require O -further O -clinical O -investigation O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -same O -time O -, O -the O -clinical O -picture O -has O -changed O -and O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -therapy O -has O -been O -markedly O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -GSH O -- O -S O -- O -epoxidetransferase O -and O -S O -- O -substituted O -cysteine B-Chemical -N O -- O -acetyltransferase O -activities O -were O -less O -than O -10 O -% O -of O -the O -adult O -values O -in O -neonatal O -rats O -, O -rising O -gradually O -to O -reach O -adult O -values O -at O -about O -40 O -days O -of O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -ENPP O -- O -MA O -, O -dosed O -rats O -under O -13 O -days O -of O -age O -excreted O -the O -corresponding O -substituted O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Stimulation O -of O -fruiting O -body O -formation O -of O -Myxococcus O -virescens O -Thaxter O -( O -Myxobacterales O -) O -in O -crude O -culture O -by O -addition O -of O -salt B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -reduction O -and O -alkalization O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Alternatives O -to O -digitalis B-Chemical -therapy O -? O - -aps B-category -Using O -an O -improved O -implantation O -method O -, O -former O -findings O -on O -a O -hypophysial O -site O -of O -oestrogen B-Chemical -action O -in O -the O -positive O -feedback O -( O -Hohlweg O -effect O -) O -were O -confirmed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -furthermore O -suggest O -that O -the O -positive O -oestrogen B-Chemical -feedback O -forms O -the O -basis O -for O -the O -first O -pubertal O -ovulation O -as O -it O -does O -with O -regard O -to O -later O -cyclic O -ovulations O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -maturation O -of O -the O -neurohormonal O -mechanisms O -that O -are O -responsible O -for O -the O -cyclic O -ovarian O -function O -continues O -during O -the O -prepubertal O -development O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -ovarian O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -NADH O -on O -the O -ethylmorphine O -- O -N O -- O -demethylation O -in O -liver O -microsomes O -from O -control O -and O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -or O -different O -ages O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -ethylmorphine O -- O -N O -- O -demethylation O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -without O -NADH O -is O -greater O -in O -adult O -than O -in O -young O -rats O -and O -greater O -in O -induced O -that O -in O -control O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enhancing O -effect O -of O -NADH O -is O -higher O -at O -lower O -NADPH B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -neurotransmitters O -, O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -on O -precursor O -incorporation O -into O -the O -RNA O -of O -thyroid O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbamylcholine O -strongly O -stimulated O -RNA O -labelling O -from O -[ O -3H O -uridine B-Chemical -; O -atropine B-Chemical -abolished O -this O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -at O -concentrations O -between O -4 O -and O -24 O -mM O -caused O -a O -progressive O -increase O -in O -RNA O -labelling O -from O -[ O -3H O -] O -uridine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -neither O -aspirin B-Chemical -nor O -indomethacin B-Chemical -inhibited O -TSH O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Sympathetic O -amines B-Chemical -, O -renin O -and O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -good O -evidence O -that O -central O -catecholaminergic O -neurons O -play O -an O -essential O -role O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -blood O -pressure O -but O -it O -may O -be O -assumed O -that O -other O -putative O -neurotransmittors O -such O -as O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -various O -peptides O -also O -participate O -in O -the O -central O -regulation O -of O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -seems O -to O -have O -an O -opposite O -effect O -on O -renin O -release O -but O -it O -is O -not O -clear O -whether O -this O -is O -due O -to O -a O -direct O -effect O -on O -the O -renin O -producing O -cells O -or O -an O -influence O -on O -sympathetic O -activity O -, O -centrally O -or O -peripherally O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -lowers O -blood O -pressure O -in O -animals O -and O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Routine O -administration O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -or O -Tham O -is O -unnecessary O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -affecting O -the O -stability O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -on O -FFA O -- O -- O -release O -and O -cyclic O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -- O -AMP O -accumulation O -in O -fat O -cells O -at O -different O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -at O -each O -of O -examined O -pH O -( O -6 O -. O -8 O -, O -7 O -. O -1 O -, O -7 O -. O -4 O -, O -7 O -. O -7 O -) O -sodium B-Chemical -lactate B-Chemical -inhibits O -NA O -and O -Th O -- O -induced O -FFA O -release O -and O -NA O -- O -stimulated O -cAMP B-Chemical -accumulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -obtained O -results O -showed O -that O -lactate B-Chemical -exerts O -its O -antilipolytic O -effect O -through O -the O -inhibitory O -action O -on O -cAMP B-Chemical -accumulation O -and O -subsequently O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -hormone O -- O -sensitive O -triglyceride B-Chemical -lipase O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -seems O -that O -the O -potentiation O -of O -the O -antilipolytic O -effect O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -at O -pH O -below O -7 O -. O -4 O -has O -an O -important O -physiological O -significance O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -co O -- O -operation O -of O -commercial O -NADP O -+ O -and O -the O -coenzyme O -extracted O -from O -liver O -and O -spleen O -in O -the O -recycling O -system O -: O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -amine B-Chemical -precursor O -uptake O -and O -decarboxylation O -) O -series O -diseases O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Blood O -pressure O -, O -renin O -, O -angiotension O -II O -and O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -the O -plasma O -of O -healthy O -subjects O -and O -patients O -with O -essential O -hypertension O -before O -and O -after O -beta O -blockade O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Pathophysiology O -appears O -to O -be O -related O -to O -induced O -changes O -in O -dopamine B-Chemical -neuronal O -function O -and O -may O -represent O -irreversible O -extrapyramidal O -synaptic O -modification O -. O - -aps B-category -Methotrexate B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -, O -cytarabine B-Chemical -and O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -succinate O -were O -evaluated O -in O -three O -vehicles O -, O -Sodium B-Chemical -Chloride I-Chemical -Injection O -, O -USP O -, O -Lactated O -Ringer O -' O -s O -Injection O -, O -USP O -, O -and O -Elliott O -' O -s O -B O -solution O -, O -an O -artificial O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -( O -CSF O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -degradation O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -succinate O -was O -faster O -in O -Elliott O -' O -s O -B O -solution O -than O -in O -the O -other O -vehicles O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -six O -, O -the O -Zollinger O -- O -Ellison O -syndrome O -was O -probably O -a O -feature O -of O -multiple O -endocrine O -adenomatosis O -type O -I O -, O -whereas O -Cushing O -' O -s O -syndrome O -in O -the O -remaining O -patient O -may O -have O -been O -caused O -by O -the O -production O -of O -an O -ACTH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -substance O -by O -a O -mixed O -pancreatic O -tumor O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -with O -far O -advanced O -polyarteritis O -nodosa O -involving O -multiple O -organ O -systems O -and O -with O -aneurysm O -formation O -demonstrable O -by O -celiac O -axis O -and O -renal O -arteriograms O -were O -treated O -with O -oral O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -, O -1 O -to O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -, O -and O -alternate O -day O -prednisone B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -therapy O -can O -thus O -be O -highly O -effective O -even O -in O -far O -advanced O -polyarteritis O -nodosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -renal O -tubules O -and O -renal O -clearance O -techniques O -were O -used O -to O -characterize O -the O -renal O -handling O -of O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -( O -2 O -- O -d O -- O -Gal O -) O -by O -the O -winter O -flounder O -( O -Pseudopleuronectes O -americanus O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -clearance O -ratio O -and O -T O -/ O -P O -were O -reduced O -to O -approximately O -1 O -by O -injection O -of O -galactose B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -mmol O -/ O -kg O -) O -simultaneously O -with O -2 O -- O -d O -- O -Gal O -( O -25 O -mumol O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -result O -suggests O -the O -presence O -of O -readsorptive O -transport O -at O -the O -brush O -border O -, O -sensitive O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -phlorizin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Collagenolytic O -cathepsin O -, O -which O -can O -liberate O -soluble O -hydroxyproline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -products O -from O -insoluble O -vitreous O -collagen O -with O -maximum O -activity O -at O -pH O -3 O -. O -5 O -, O -was O -biochemically O -studied O -in O -uveal O -lysosomes O -of O -bovine O -eye O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -lorazepam B-Chemical -estimation O -in O -neonates O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -human O -system O -of O -classification O -and O -nomenclature O -and O -results O -of O -standard O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -( O -ATPase O -) O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -formaldehyde I-Chemical -preincubation O -procedures O -, O -the O -fiber O -types O -identified O -in O -immature O -and O -mature O -canine O -skeletal O -muscles O -were O -I O -, O -IIA O -, O -and O -IIC O -. O - -aps B-category -Sheep O -were O -administered O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -, O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -, O -chlorcyclizine O -, O -or O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -over O -27 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -last O -treatment O -, O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -was O -administered O -intravenously O -, O -and O -measurements O -were O -made O -of O -sleep O -time O -and O -blood O -serum O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -concentrations O -over O -a O -2 O -- O -hour O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -rabbits O -with O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -or O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -accelerated O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -clearance O -from O -blood O -and O -shortened O -sleep O -time O -; O -chlorcyclizine O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -blood O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -concentrations O -or O -sleep O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -factors O -may O -have O -been O -involved O -to O -some O -extent O -in O -determining O -sleep O -time O -, O -because O -ewes O -with O -shortened O -sleep O -time O -tended O -to O -awake O -with O -lower O -circulating O -concentrations O -of O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -than O -did O -control O -ewes O -, O -and O -those O -with O -prolonged O -sleep O -time O -tended O -to O -awake O -with O -higher O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuropharmacology O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -inhibitory O -transmitters O -. O - -aps B-category -Compartmentalization O -of O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -hormone O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -grown I-Chemical -cells O -were O -equally O -susceptible O -to O -salts O -after O -staphylococcin O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -irreversible O -killing O -was O -more O -distinct O -in O -pyruvate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -grown I-Chemical -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Varying O -the O -growth O -temperature O -had O -only O -a O -slight O -effect O -on O -the O -transition O -temperature O -, O -but O -growth O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -Tween O -80 O -, O -which O -greatly O -enhanced O -the O -proportion O -of O -unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -decreased O -the O -transition O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -Secretion O -of O -cell O -wall O -polymers O -into O -the O -growth O -medium O -of O -lysis O -- O -defective O -pneumococci O -during O -treatment O -with O -penicillin B-Chemical -and O -other O -inhibitors O -of O -cell O -wall O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversal O -of O -the O -growth O -- O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -benzylpenicillin B-Chemical -( O -by O -penicillinase O -addition O -) O -is O -accompanied O -by O -a O -halt O -in O -secretion O -just O -at O -the O -time O -when O -the O -bacteria O -resume O -normal O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -choline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -macromolecules O -include O -both O -the O -pneumococcal O -lipid O -- O -containing O -teichoic O -acid O -( O -Forssman O -antigen O -) O -and O -wall O -teichoic O -acids O -made O -after O -the O -addition O -of O -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -cell O -wall O -polymers O -secreted O -into O -the O -growth O -medium O -of O -lysis O -- O -defective O -pneumococci O -during O -treatment O -with O -penicillin B-Chemical -and O -other O -inhibitors O -of O -cell O -wall O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -secreted O -polymers O -were O -separated O -into O -three O -fractions O -by O -a O -combination O -of O -gel O -filtration O -on O -agarose O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -medium O -, O -polypeptone O -and O -meat O -extract O -were O -utilized O -both O -as O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -sources O -and O -as O -limiting O -substrates O -for O -the O -cell O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrogen O -production O -by O -Anabaena O -cylindrica O -: O -effects O -of O -varying O -ammonium B-Chemical -and O -ferric O -ions O -, O -pH O -, O -and O -light O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -with O -free O -beta O -- O -glucosidase O -, O -the O -immobilized O -enzyme O -exhibited O -: O -( O -i O -) O -a O -similar O -pH O -optimum O -but O -more O -activity O -at O -lower O -pH O -values O -; O -( O -ii O -) O -improved O -thermal O -stability O -; O -( O -iii O -) O -a O -similar O -response O -to O -inhibition O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -; O -and O -( O -iv O -) O -mass O -transfer O -limitations O -as O -reflected O -by O -higher O -apparent O -Km O -and O -lower O -energy O -of O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -Case O -3 O -had O -multiple O -hypothalamopituitary O -defects O -, O -including O -deficiencies O -of O -GH O -, O -ACTH B-Chemical -, O -and O -gonadotrophins O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -previously O -established O -in O -the O -experimental O -animal O -for O -predicting O -the O -acute O -response O -to O -either O -metabolic O -stress O -( O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -administration O -) O -or O -respiratory O -stress O -( O -manipulation O -of O -oxygenator O -gas O -during O -cardiopulmonary O -bypass O -) O -has O -been O -extended O -to O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Salicylic O -acid O -and O -its O -principal O -metabolic O -product O -, O -salicyluric O -acid O -, O -are O -ultrafiltered O -at O -the O -glomeruli O -, O -secreted O -by O -the O -proximal O -segment O -and O -undergo O -back O -diffusion O -; O -the O -net O -effect O -being O -an O -accumulation O -of O -salicylates B-Chemical -in O -the O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -an O -increasing O -concentration O -gradient O -of O -these O -salicylates B-Chemical -from O -outer O -cortex O -to O -innermost O -medulla O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -perfusion O -of O -the O -nephron O -markedly O -reduced O -the O -inner O -medulla O -/ O -cortical O -concentration O -ratios O -and O -segmental O -concentrations O -of O -salt B-Chemical -and O -urea B-Chemical -and O -reduced O -the O -cortical O -concentrations O -of O -salicylates B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -shortening O -of O -action O -potential O -duration O -and O -enhancement O -of O -automaticity O -in O -Purkinje O -fibers O -, O -normally O -induced O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -L O -) O -, O -were O -antagonized O -by O -l O -- O -penbutolol O -in O -much O -lower O -concentraions O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -microgram O -/ O -L O -) O -than O -those O -at O -which O -nonspecific O -effects O -are O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -both O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -in O -the O -mouse O -pinna O -were O -not O -affected O -by O -RU O -31156 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adsorption O -rate O -declined O -in O -saline O -magnesium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -solution O -compared O -to O -that O -in O -algal O -growth O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Synthesis O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -activity O -of O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -dioxalan O -- O -2 O -- O -ylphenyloxy O -) O -propan O -- O -2 O -- O -ols O -and O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( O -183 O -- O -dioxan O -- O -2 O -- O -ylphenyloxy O -) O -- O -propan O -- O -2 O -- O -ols O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemical O -and O -enzymic O -studies O -on O -the O -characterization O -of O -intermediates O -during O -the O -removal O -of O -the O -14alpha O -- O -methyl O -group O -in O -cholesterol B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Cumulative O -evidence O -from O -a O -variety O -of O -experimental O -approaches O -had O -led O -to O -the O -deduction O -that O -delta8 O -( O -14 O -) O -- B-Chemical -steroids I-Chemical -are O -not O -involved O -as O -intermediates O -on O -the O -major O -pathway O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -that O -the O -oxidation O -of O -the O -32 O -- O -hydroxy O -group O -of O -compound O -( O -I O -) O -to O -the O -aldehyde B-Chemical -group O -of O -compound O -( O -II O -) O -does O -not O -occur O -by O -the O -conventional O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -type O -of O -reaction O -, O -but O -may O -proceed O -by O -a O -novel O -mechanism O -involving O -the O -intermediacy O -of O -a O -gem O -- O -diol O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnetic O -coupling O -of O -the O -molybdenum O -and O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulphur I-Chemical -centres O -in O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -xanthine B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -. O - -aps B-category -signal O -from O -the O -reduced O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulphur I-Chemical -centre O -, O -Fe O -/ O -S O -I O -, O -was O -observed O -, O -Providing O -positive O -identification O -of O -this O -as O -the O -other O -interacting O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -in O -turkey O -liver O -xanthine B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -is O -indistinguishable O -from O -that O -in O -the O -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Guanidinium O -chloride B-Chemical -disturbs O -the O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulphur I-Chemical -centres O -of O -the O -oxidase O -, O -and O -when O -this O -occurs O -there O -is O -a O -parallel O -and O -relatively O -small O -change O -in O -the O -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -between O -reciprocal O -initial O -rate O -and O -reciprocal O -pyruvate B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -non O -- O -linear O -( O -convex O -- O -down O -) O -in O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -variation O -with O -pH O -of O -apparent O -K O -( O -m O -) O -for O -HCO O -( O -3 O -) O -( O -- O -) O -implicated O -residue O -( O -s O -) O -with O -pK O -( O -a O -) O -8 O -. O -6 O -in O -catalysis O -of O -the O -activator O -- O -independent O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -Bacillus O -pyruvate B-Chemical -carboxylase O -with O -trinitrobenzenesulphonate O -caused O -specific O -inactivation O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -- O -dependent O -catalytic O -activity O -associated O -with O -the O -incorporation O -of O -1 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -trinitrophenyl O -residues O -per O -subunit O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -alkylacyl O -derivatives O -of O -CoA O -tested O -activated O -Bacillus O -pyruvate B-Chemical -carboxylase O -; O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -was O -the O -most O -effective O -. O - -aps B-category -methanesulphonyl O -- O -CoA O -, O -serve O -as O -activators O -of O -the O -thermophilic O -Bacillus O -and O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -pyruvate B-Chemical -carboxylases O -, O -but O -as O -inhibitors O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -carboxylases O -obtained O -from O -chicken O -and O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Glutamate I-Chemical -was O -ineffective O -in O -both O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -labelled O -asparagine O -derivative O -is O -converted O -into O -[ O -14C O -] O -- B-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -by O -cell O -- O -free O -extracts O -, O -and O -this O -reaction O -, O -which O -has O -an O -optimum O -pH O -of O -8 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -, O -is O -neither O -inhibited O -by O -unlabelled O -asparagine O -nor O -enhanced O -by O -unlabelled O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -. O - -aps B-category -Ratios O -measured O -in O -cells O -respiring O -endogenous O -substrate O -and O -in O -cells O -loaded O -with O -malate B-Chemical -or O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxybutyrate I-Chemical -suggest O -that O -there O -are O -two O -proton O -- O -translocating O -segments O -operating O -during O -the O -oxidation O -of O -NADH O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -the O -oxidative O -phase O -of O -the O -pentose B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -cycle O -in O -mussels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -GSSG B-Chemical -( O -oxidized O -glutathione B-Chemical -) O -on O -the O -inhibition O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -[ O -Eggleston O -& O -amp O -; O -Krebs O -( O -1974 O -) O -Biochem O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -concentration O -of O -GSSG B-Chemical -increased O -the O -percentage O -deinhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Direct O -measurements O -of O -transmembrane O -pH O -and O -potential O -gradients O -generated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -MgATP O -shows O -that O -these O -are O -rapidly O -established O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -media O -, O -and O -are O -rather O -little O -affected O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -salts O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -uptake O -, O -like O -that O -driven O -by O -MgATP O -, O -is O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -uncoupler O -- O -sensitive O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -line O -with O -this O -, O -it O -is O -shown O -that O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -decreases O -the O -pH O -gradient O -generated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -MgATP O -, O -an O -effect O -that O -is O -inhibited O -by O -reserpine B-Chemical -; O -nigericin O -, O -which O -discharges O -the O -pH O -gradient O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -K O -+ O -, O -inhibits O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Contribution O -of O -cytochromes O -and O -proteins O -to O -the O -effect O -of O -ascorbic O -acid O -on O -artificial O -and O -microsomal O -hydroxylation O -systems O -containing O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Proteins O -inhibited O -aromatic O -hydroxylation O -of O -p O -- O -nitrophenol O -or O -oxidative O -demethylation O -of O -ethylmorphine O -in O -ascorbic O -acid O -- O -containing O -systems O -incubated O -under O -O2 O -, O -but O -strongly O -activated O -the O -systems O -containing O -H2O2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cytochrome O -iron B-Chemical -participated O -probably O -in O -the O -activation O -of O -O2 O -, O -whereas O -cytochrome O -protein O -participated O -in O -a O -free O -radical O -activation O -of O -H2O2 B-Chemical -( O -or O -of O -O2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -conclusively O -demonstrate O -that O -the O -chemically O -and O -physically O -different O -modified O -enzymes O -prepared O -at O -pH O -4 O -and O -at O -pH O -7 O -both O -contain O -the O -phenacyl O -group O -at O -methionine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -192 I-Chemical -in O -the O -sulphonium O -salt B-Chemical -form O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -thermolytic O -cleavage O -of O -the O -high O -- O -pH O -enzyme O -results O -in O -fragmentation O -of O -the O -polypeptide O -chain O -in O -a O -fashion O -analogous O -to O -model O -reactions O -of O -phenacylmethionyl O -dipeptides O -and O -other O -methionine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -192 I-Chemical -sulphonium O -salts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relaxation O -behaviour O -of O -a O -system O -of O -reactants O -equilibrated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -pig O -heart O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -studied O -after O -pressure O -perturbation O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyruvate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -to I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethanol I-Chemical -pathway O -in O -Entamoeba O -histolytica O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyruvate O -decarboxylase O -( O -EC O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -) O -, O -a O -key O -enzyme O -for O -ethanol B-Chemical -production O -, O -is O -not O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetyl O -- O -CoA O -is O -reduced O -to O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -and O -CoA O -by O -the O -enzyme O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -acylating O -) O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -10 O -) O -at O -an O -enzyme O -activity O -of O -9 O -units O -per O -g O -of O -fresh O -cells O -with O -NADH O -as O -a O -reductant O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethanol O -is O -identified O -as O -the O -product O -of O -soluble O -enzymes O -of O -amoeba O -acting O -on O -pyruvate B-Chemical -or O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -. O - -aps B-category -testosteroni O -is O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -NaBH4 O -, O -no O -evidence O -could O -be O -obtained O -for O -the O -presence O -of O -covalently O -bound O -2 O -- O -oxobutyrate O -as O -a O -prosthetic O -group O -; O -this O -is O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -findings O -elsewhere O -for O -urocanase O -from O -Pseudomonas O -putida O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -view O -that O -this O -is O -a O -result O -of O -modification O -of O -a O -protein O -thiol B-Chemical -group O -is O -re O -- O -examined O -in O -the O -light O -of O -the O -following O -new O -observations O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -iii O -) O -In O -Tris O -/ O -acetate O -buffer O -, O -pH7 O -. O -5 O -, O -3 O -. O -5mol O -of O -phenylmercuric O -acetate O -/ O -mol O -of O -enzyme O -subunit O -was O -required O -for O -complete O -de O -- O -greening O -, O -compared O -with O -only O -2 O -. O -5mol O -/ O -mol O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -pH7 O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -viii O -) O -The O -ability O -of O -de O -- O -greened O -enzyme O -to O -be O -immediately O -re O -- O -greened O -by O -an O -excess O -of O -thiol B-Chemical -declines O -with O -time O -, O -more O -rapidly O -at O -pH6 O -than O -at O -pH7 O -or O -8 O -, O -but O -at O -all O -three O -pH O -values O -the O -instantaneous O -re O -- O -greening O -was O -followed O -by O -a O -slow O -phase O -of O -further O -increase O -in O -A O -( O -710 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reversibility O -would O -be O -explained O -if O -the O -thioester O -exists O -on O -the O -surface O -of O -the O -enzyme O -in O -equilibrium O -with O -free O -CoA O -and O -a O -lactone O -, O -or O -if O -the O -acyl O -group O -is O -readily O -and O -reversibly O -transferred O -from O -the O -thiol B-Chemical -of O -CoA O -to O -a O -protein O -side O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enhancement O -of O -the O -toxicity O -of O -doxapram O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -appears O -to O -involve O -an O -action O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -probably O -not O -related O -to O -respiratory O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -2 O -and O -4 O -mg O -alone O -and O -in O -combination O -with O -atropine B-Chemical -0 O -. O -4 O -mg O -and O -hyoscine B-Chemical -0 O -. O -4 O -mg O -were O -studied O -as O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -to O -lorazepam B-Chemical -did O -not O -significantly O -alter O -its O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Cell O -membrane O -enzymes O -: O -L O -- O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -, O -leucine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -, O -maltase O -and O -trehalase O -in O -normal O -and O -leukaemic O -lymphocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -activity O -of O -leucine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -was O -low O -in O -all O -the O -chronic O -B O -- O -cell O -disorders O -and O -in O -some O -of O -the O -lymphoblastic O -leukaemias O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -showed O -no O -change O -in O -specific O -activity O -in O -all O -animals O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -varying O -ionic O -strength O -on O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -quenching O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -fluorescence O -of O -hexokinase O -isoenzymes O -A O -( O -P O -- O -I O -) O -and O -B O -( O -P O -- O -II O -) O -was O -carried O -out O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -3 O -and O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Curvature O -in O -the O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -. O -fluorescence O -- O -quenching O -plots O -for O -relatively O -low O -ionic O -strengths O -demonstrates O -cooperativity O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -to O -the O -dimer O -, O -positive O -for O -HkA O -but O -negative O -for O -HkB O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -were O -attributed O -to O -the O -well O -known O -effect O -of O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -neutralization I-Chemical -of O -side O -chain O -electrical O -charges O -on O -the O -flexibility O -and O -compactness O -of O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -changing O -the O -solution O -acidity O -in O -the O -interval O -of O -pH O -7 O -- O -- O -8 O -on O -complex O -formation O -between O -polycytidilyc O -acid O -( O -polyC O -) O -and O -guanosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- O -triphosphate O -( O -GTP O -) O -has O -been O -studied O -by O -the O -equilibrium O -dialysis O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -titration O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -GTP O -the O -apparent O -pK O -of O -poly O -C O -protonation O -increases O -by O -1 O -, O -4 O -PK O -units O -and O -becomes O -equal O -to O -7 O -, O -1 O -in O -1 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -at O -3 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Thus O -, O -the O -protonated O -poly O -- O -C O -takes O -part O -in O -the O -three O -- O -stranded O -poly O -- O -C O -- O -- O -GTP O -complex O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -separate O -fourth O -intracellular O -microelectrode O -was O -used O -for O -controlling O -the O -conditions O -of O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -injection O -in O -neurons O -of O -Helix O -pomatia O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -cell O -molecular O -computer O -has O -an O -analog O -input O -, O -where O -diffusion O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -, O -cGMP B-Chemical -and O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -being O -a O -modelling O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -depolarization O -effect O -on O -neuron O -membrane O -seems O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -protein O -kinase O -activation O -or O -with O -direct O -action O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -on O -phospholipase O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -studies O -of O -interactions O -between O -Co2 O -+ O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphate O -or O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -( O -ADPH4 O -+ O -and O -ATPH5 O -+ O -in O -strongly O -acidic O -medium O -) O -visible O -circular O -dichroism O -( O -d O -- O -d O -transitions O -of O -Co2 O -+ O -) O -and O -ultraviolet O -circular O -dichroism O -( O -adenine O -transitions O -) O -have O -proven O -to O -be O -very O -sensitive O -to O -structural O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectrophotometric O -studies O -have O -provided O -evidence O -for O -zinc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -ternary O -complexes O -between O -ATP O -and O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Adding O -alanine B-Chemical -did O -not O -produce O -any O -change O -of O -the O -ATP O -spectrum O -. O - -aps B-category -III O -: O -Catalytic O -aspects O -of O -some O -cobalt B-Chemical -( O -III O -) O -complexes O -in O -ATP O -- O -hydrolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Activity O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transferase O -of O -sheep O -cerebral O -cortex O -with O -respect O -to O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Excess O -glutathione B-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -transfer O -reaction O -is O -concomitant O -with O -an O -increase O -of O -total O -reaction O -( O -transfer O -+ O -hydrolysis O -+ O -autotranspeptidation O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -constitution O -and O -control O -by O -the O -inorganic O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -of O -some O -unicellular O -green O -algae O -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -synthesis O -does O -not O -depend O -on O -the O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -. O - -aps B-category -ellipsoidea O -only O -one O -constitutive O -double O -specific O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -is O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -K O -. O -ammomium O -induces O -a O -de O -novo O -synthesis O -of O -NADP O -- O -specific O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -addition O -to O -the O -constitutive O -double O -specific O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -NADP O -- O -specific O -enzyme O -is O -absent O -in O -two O -Chlorella O -strains O -, O -is O -constitutive O -in O -A O -. O -braunii O -and O -S O -. O -obliquus O -, O -and O -is O -ammonium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inducible I-Chemical -in O -three O -thermophylic O -Chlorella O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -in O -the O -level O -of O -NADP O -reduction O -in O -chloroplasts O -under O -injections O -of O -cofactors O -of O -pseudocyclic O -FMN O -photophosphorylation O -( O -vitamin O -K3 O -and O -methylviologen O -) O -into O -pea O -, O -tomato O -and O -cucumber O -leaves O -resulted O -in O -the O -decrease O -of O -14CO2 O -autotrophic O -accumulation O -rate O -and O -in O -the O -change O -of O -distribution O -of O -assimilated O -carbon B-Chemical -among O -the O -assimilation O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -in O -" O -alanine B-Chemical -" O -effect O -, O -characteristic O -of O -non O -- O -specific O -changes O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -photosynthetic O -metabolism O -, O -is O -discussed O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -authors O -' O -previous O -data O -on O -the O -effect O -of O -phosphorylation O -on O -glycolysis O -reactions O -and O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -results O -of O -ADP O -introduction O -into O -leaf O -cuts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -preparations O -studied O -can O -be O -arranged O -in O -the O -order O -of O -increase O -of O -these O -parameters O -as O -follows O -: O -ROS O -less O -than O -rhodopsin O -extracted O -by O -digitonin O -less O -than O -triton O -X O -- O -100 O -less O -than O -cetyltrimethylammonium O -bromide B-Chemical -( O -CTAB O -) O -less O -than O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulphate O -( O -SDS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -proteolysis O -of O -ROS O -with O -papain O -, O -a O -fragment O -with O -molecular O -weight O -24500 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1000 O -was O -detected O -, O -which O -contained O -the O -same O -number O -of O -SH O -- O -groups O -and O -cysteine B-Chemical -residues O -as O -in O -the O -case O -of O -intact O -rhodopsin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -differences O -between O -hemoporteins O -which O -are O -seen O -at O -the O -room O -temperature O -become O -more O -pronounced O -at O -liquid O -nitrogen B-Chemical -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimum O -temperatures O -of O -the O -native O -enzyme O -and O -TP O -were O -both O -50 O -degrees O -C O -; O -that O -of O -TTCP O -was O -45 O -degrees O -C O -. O -In O -the O -presence O -of O -5mM O -Ca2 O -+ O -, O -the O -activity O -of O -TTCP O -was O -increased O -approximately O -twofold O -and O -the O -optimum O -temperature O -was O -raised O -to O -50 O -- O -- O -60 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Pullulanase O -was O -not O -significantly O -eluted O -from O -TP O -or O -TTCP O -by O -NaCl B-Chemical -solution O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -- O -0 O -. O -5M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distribution O -and O -morphology O -of O -the O -quinacrine O -- O -positive O -nerves O -in O -the O -bladder O -were O -different O -from O -those O -observed O -with O -catecholamine B-Chemical -fluorescence O -and O -cholinesterase O -histochemistry O -, O -and O -were O -unaffected O -by O -chemical O -sympathectomy O -. O -3 O -Release O -of O -ATP O -from O -the O -bladder O -during O -stimulation O -of O -intramural O -excitatory O -nerves O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -and O -guanethidine B-Chemical -increased O -to O -3 O -- O -12 O -times O -prestimulation O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -the O -response O -to O -ATP O -and O -non O -- O -adrenergic O -, O -non O -- O -cholinergic O -nerve O -stimulation O -were O -greatly O -potentiated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -. O -10 O -In O -the O -presence O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -the O -response O -to O -non O -- O -adrenergic O -, O -non O -- O -cholinergic O -nerve O -stimulation O -was O -virtually O -abolished O -following O -desensitization O -to O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -acebutolol O -and O -practolol O -) O -were O -shown O -to O -have O -lower O -binding O -site O -affinities O -, O -when O -compared O -to O -other O -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -ionised O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Accumulation O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -glycine B-Chemical -into O -synaptosomal O -fractions O -occurs O -by O -high O -affinity O -systems O -in O -cerebral O -cortex O -, O -optic O -tectum O -, O -brain O -stem O -and O -spinal O -cord O -of O -the O -frog O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -only O -very O -low O -levels O -of O -strychnine B-Chemical -binding O -and O -high O -affinity O -glycine B-Chemical -uptake O -occur O -in O -higher O -centers O -of O -the O -rat O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -favor O -glycine B-Chemical -rather O -than O -taurine O -as O -an O -inhibitory O -transmitter O -in O -frog O -spinal O -cord O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulus O -evoked O -increase O -in O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -the O -putative O -neurotransmitter O -glutamate B-Chemical -in O -the O -hippocampus O -. O - -aps B-category -Adult O -male O -rats O -were O -either O -castrated O -, O -thyroidectomized O -, O -or O -treated O -with O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -the O -rates O -of O -turnover O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -in O -the O -median O -eminence O -( O -ME O -) O -, O -the O -arcuate O -and O -dorsomedial O -nuclei O -of O -the O -hypothalamus O -were O -estimated O -from O -the O -rate O -of O -decay O -of O -DA O -and O -NE O -concentrations O -as O -determined O -by O -radioenzymatic O -assay O -following O -blockade O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -by O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -days O -following O -the O -administration O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -400 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -) O -or O -10 O -days O -after O -castration O -, O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -turnover O -of O -DA O -but O -not O -NE O -in O -the O -ME O -accompanied O -by O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -Vmax O -but O -not O -Km O -for O -the O -substrate O -or O -cofactor O -of O -TH O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -ME O -, O -the O -increase O -in O -turnover O -of O -DA O -was O -accompanied O -by O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -total O -TH O -activity O -( O -Vmax O -) O -as O -welll O -as O -a O -decrease O -in O -Km O -for O -tetrahydrobiopterin O -but O -not O -tyrosine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -of O -the O -hybrid O -clone O -NG108 O -- O -15 O -responded O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -or O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -with O -graded O -depolarizations O -involving O -membrane O -conductance O -increases O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -did O -not O -cross O -- O -desensitize O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -or O -the O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -caused O -the O -release O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -at O -the O -synapses O -of O -hybrid O -cells O -with O -mouse O -myotubes O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -treatment O -with O -the O -antimitotic O -agent O -cytosine B-Chemical -arabinoside I-Chemical -, O -co O -- O -cultures O -of O -hybrid O -cells O -and O -mouse O -myotubes O -exhibited O -plentiful O -synaptic O -connections O -only O -if O -maintained O -in O -medium O -containing O -1 O -mM O -dibutyryl O -cAMP B-Chemical -( O -dBcAMP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -thermodynamic O -analysis O -of O -the O -amorphous O -to O -crystalline O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -transformation O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -nearly O -constant O -ion O -product O -, O -over O -a O -wide O -variety O -of O -conditions O -, O -was O -obtained O -for O -a O -tricalcium O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -TCP O -) O -- O -like O -phase O -suggesting O -that O -the O -molecular O -unit O -which O -governs O -the O -solubility O -of O -ACP O -may O -be O -similar O -in O -composition O -to O -TCP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stability O -of O -ACP O -in O -solution O -was O -found O -to O -be O -dependent O -upon O -its O -thermodynamic O -instability O -with O -respect O -to O -an O -octacalcium O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -OCP O -) O -- O -like O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -V O -. O -Factors O -affecting O -phosphate B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -Plectonema O -boryanum O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH9 O -, O -phosphate B-Chemical -uptake O -is O -greatest O -both O -from O -normal O -culture O -medium O -and O -from O -dilute O -salt B-Chemical -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -starved O -of O -phosphorus B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -high O -concentration O -of O -K O -+ O -or O -Ca2 O -+ O -in O -the O -medium O -, O -and O -then O -allowed O -to O -take O -up O -phosphorus B-Chemical -under O -the O -same O -conditions O -, O -assimilate O -more O -phosphorus B-Chemical -than O -with O -other O -major O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -growth O -was O -observed O -in O -media O -that O -contained O -0 O -. O -25 O -- O -0 O -. O -35 O -M O -sucrose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -One O -hour O -after O -carotid O -occlusion O -in O -hypertensive O -rats O -, O -supratentorial O -lactate B-Chemical -increased O -to O -383 O -% O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyruvate I-Chemical -ratio O -to O -280 O -% O -of O -the O -controls O -, O -while O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -( O -ATP O -) O -decreased O -to O -69 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -arterial O -hypertension O -with O -tienilic O -acid O -, O -a O -new O -diuretic B-Chemical -with O -uricosuric O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -Nineteen O -patients O -with O -moderate O -arterial O -hypertension O -were O -treated O -for O -5 O -consecutive O -weeks O -in O -a O -randomized O -fashion O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -with O -either O -tienilic O -acid O -or O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -patients O -receiving O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -the O -mean O -serum O -urate B-Chemical -concentration O -increased O -from O -6 O -. O -1 O -to O -7 O -. O -8 O -mg O -/ O -dL O -. O - -aps B-category -Tienilic O -acid O -had O -a O -marked O -hypocalciuric O -effect O -, O -which O -was O -of O -the O -same O -magnitude O -as O -the O -observed O -with O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Negative O -effects O -may O -be O -observed O -in O -acute O -respiratory O -conditions O -, O -especially O -during O -acute O -exacerbations O -of O -chronic O -conditions O -, O -with O -the O -administration O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -; O -hence O -they O -should O -be O -used O -with O -caution O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -system O -the O -enzyme O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -is O -induced O -by O -glucagon O -, O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -to O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -) O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -to O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -and O -cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cAMP B-Chemical -) O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -to O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -actinomycin O -D O -inhibited O -the O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -by O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -and O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -quanosine O -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -does O -not O -mimic O -the O -effects O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -also O -demonstrates O -that O -glucose B-Chemical -repression O -is O -not O -mediated O -by O -changes O -in O -intracellular O -levels O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -and O -cyclic O -quanosine O -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Bacillus O -macerans O -cycloamylose O -( O -cyclodextrin O -) O -glucanotransferase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -19 O -) O -was O -purified O -by O -the O -technique O -of O -starch O -adsorption O -and O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -column O -chromatography O -, O -and O -then O -crystallized O -from O -an O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -solution O -containing O -mM O -calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -the O -detrimental O -effect O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -infused O -to O -healthy O -dogs O -in O -doses O -imitating O -spontaneous O -secretion O -after O -coronary O -occlusion O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -the O -consequences O -of O -this O -humoral O -reaction O -were O -studied O -in O -anaesthetised O -healthy O -mongrel O -dogs O -subjected O -to O -adrenaline B-Chemical -infusion O -administered O -at O -a O -rate O -relevant O -to O -spontaneous O -release O -of O -this O -amine B-Chemical -in O -coronary O -occlusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenaline B-Chemical -administration O -led O -to O -the O -decrease O -in O -insulin O -/ O -glucose B-Chemical -ratio O -, O -to O -a O -significant O -fall O -in O -serum O -triiodothyronine O -and O -in O -blood O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Histochemically O -, O -a O -diminution O -in O -succinic O -dehydrogenase O -and O -ATPase O -activity O -in O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -hearts O -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Distribution O -of O -intrinsic O -nerve O -cell O -bodies O -and O -axons O -which O -take O -up O -aromatic O -amines B-Chemical -and O -their O -precursors O -in O -the O -small O -intestine O -of O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -evident O -both O -before O -and O -after O -the O -procedure O -and O -after O -sublingual O -administration O -of O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -6 O -mg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -hyperventilation O -plus O -Tris O -- O -buffer O -infusion O -induces O -coronary O -arterial O -spasm O -and O -anginal O -attack O -in O -patients O -with O -Prinzmetal O -' O -s O -variant O -angina O -and O -that O -diltiazem B-Chemical -suppresses O -these O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -various O -parameters O -on O -the O -inhibition O -of O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -activity O -by O -theophylline B-Chemical -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nature O -of O -the O -substrate O -and O -the O -nature O -of O -the O -buffer O -in O -which O -the O -enzymatic O -activity O -is O -measured O -have O -an O -effect O -: O -by O -measuring O -the O -activity O -of O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -in O -serum O -by O -a O -method O -with O -phenolphthaleinphosphate O -in O -Tris O -buffer O -, O -a O -negligible O -interference O -by O -therapeutic O -or O -toxic O -levels O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -is O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Tonometry O -of O -the O -blood O -product O -with O -two O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -two O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -concentrations O -resulted O -in O -consistent O -and O -reproducible O -values O -during O -38 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -ether B-Chemical -extract O -of O -serum O -is O -purified O -by O -acid O -transfer O -, O -back O -- O -extracted O -into O -ether B-Chemical -, O -dried O -, O -and O -evaporated O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -optimal O -conditions O -for O -assaying O -highly O -purified O -human O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -isoenzymes O -with O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -to I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyruvate I-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -to I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -reactions O -, O -as O -they O -apply O -to O -human O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -for O -interinstrument O -and O -interlaboratory O -comparisons O -, O -results O -from O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -to I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyruvate I-Chemical -reaction O -are O -more O -reliable O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DM O -) O -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -with O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydroxybenzylamine O -as O -internal O -standard O -in O -normal O -human O -urine O -were O -extracted O -with O -alumina O -, O -labeled O -with O -fluorescamine O -and O -determined O -fluorometrically O -by O -liquid O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -histological O -signs O -of O -cholestasis O -( O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -liver O -specimens O -obtained O -by O -means O -of O -liver O -biopsy O -) O -was O -compared O -with O -total O -bilirubin B-Chemical -, O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -, O -ornithine B-Chemical -carbamoyltransferase O -, O -serum O -glutamic O -oxaloacetic O -transaminase O -levels O -and O -LP O -- O -X O -test O -in O -157 O -patients O -suffering O -from O -different O -liver O -diseases O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -biliary O -excretion O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -induced O -by O -bucolome O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -bucolome O -treated O -rats O -, O -the O -bile O -flow O -rate O -was O -80 O -- O -90 O -% O -higher O -than O -in O -control O -rats O -and O -the O -biliary O -excretion O -rate O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -for O -the O -40 O -min O -post O -- O -injection O -period O -was O -significantly O -higher O -in O -bucolome O -treated O -rat O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicated O -that O -the O -significant O -increase O -in O -biliary O -excretion O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -administration O -was O -due O -to O -the O -enhancement O -of O -the O -hepatic O -transport O -and O -/ O -or O -biliary O -excretion O -process O -and O -not O -due O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -hepatic O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -concanavalin O -A O -on O -junctional O -and O -extrajunctional O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -receptors O -on O -locust O -skeletal O -muscle O -fibres O -. O - -aps B-category -Streptococcus O -pneumoniae O -isolates O -relatively O -insensitive O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -recovered O -from O -patients O -in O -Switzerland O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -underline O -the O -necessity O -of O -routinely O -testing O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -pneumococci O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -of O -Rhizobium O -lupini O -bacteroids O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Labetalol B-Chemical -: O -a O -review O -of O -its O -pharmacology O -and O -therapeutic O -use O -in O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -beta O -- O -blocking O -effects O -resemble O -those O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -but O -its O -overall O -haemodynamic O -effects O -are O -akin O -to O -those O -of O -a O -comination O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -an O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -drugs O -such O -as O -phenoxybenzamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Theoretically O -, O -labetalol B-Chemical -has O -advantages O -over O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -drugs O -alone O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -hypertension O -, O -but O -any O -real O -advantage O -, O -particulary O -in O -mild O -or O -moderate O -hypertension O -, O -has O -yet O -to O -be O -conclusively O -demonstrated O -in O -therapeutic O -trials O -. O - -aps B-category -Postural O -hypotension O -is O -the O -most O -troublesome O -side O -- O -effect O -, O -occasionally O -necessitating O -withdrawal O -of O -therapy O -, O -but O -severe O -side O -- O -effects O -such O -as O -are O -seen O -with O -effective O -antihypertensive O -dosages O -of O -phenoxybenzamine O -do O -not O -occur O -with O -labetalol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -To O -test O -the O -effects O -of O -trace O -concentrations O -of O -enflurane B-Chemical -on O -pregnancy O -, O -rats O -were O -exposed O -to O -two O -levels O -( O -10 O -. O -7 O -and O -63 O -. O -7 O -ppm O -) O -of O -the O -anesthetic O -for O -8 O -hr O -daily O -from O -days O -1 O -to O -19 O -of O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolism O -and O -toxicity O -of O -2 O -, O -2 O -, O -2 O -- O -trifluoroethyl O -vinyl O -ether B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ratio O -of O -metabolities O -( O -TFAA O -to O -TFE O -) O -excreted O -by O -different O -species O -exposed O -to O -fluroxene O -varies O -; O -whenever O -highly O -toxic O -TFE O -is O -the O -major O -metabolite O -, O -fluroxene O -toxicity O -is O -high O -( O -rodents O -, O -dogs O -, O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -pretreated O -monkeys O -) O -, O -whenever O -TFAA O -is O -the O -major O -metabolite O -( O -man O -, O -monkey O -) O -fluroxene O -is O -not O -toxic O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluroxene O -metabolism O -and O -toxicity O -are O -modified O -by O -drugs O -metabolized O -by O -or O -affecting O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -microsomal O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -- O -system O -or O -enzymes O -involved O -in O -ethanol B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -improved O -synthesis O -of O -the O -8 O -- O -( O -6 O -- O -aminohexyl O -) O -amino B-Chemical -derivative O -of O -NADP O -+ O -is O -described O -for O -use O -in O -affinity O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -finding O -is O -reported O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -crude O -extracts O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -alkylation O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -89 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -non O -- O -alkylating O -analogues O -diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical -and O -estradiol B-Chemical -protected O -the O -enzyme O -towards O -alkylation O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -two O -results O -suggest O -that O -alkylation O -occurred O -at O -the O -estrogen B-Chemical -binding O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymic O -hydrolysis O -of O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estrogens I-Chemical -or O -analogues O -by O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -with O -specific O -acylation O -of O -the O -estrogen B-Chemical -binding O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -papain O -in O -which O -the O -active O -- O -site O -cysteine B-Chemical -residue O -25 O -was O -replaced O -by O -dehydroserine O -) O -via O -the O -intermediate O -dehydrocysteine O -analogue O -, O -[ O -deltaCys25 O -] O -- O -papain O -. O - -aps B-category -Thermal O -inactivation O -and O -kinetic O -studies O -suggest O -that O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -is O -the O -first O -substrate O -to O -bind O -to O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Utilizing O -substrate O -activation O -and O -product O -inhibition O -studies O -, O -the O -following O -reaction O -sequence O -was O -determined O -: O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -implications O -of O -this O -mechanism O -with O -regard O -to O -control O -of O -the O -enzyme O -in O -situ O -and O -its O -importance O -in O -glutathione B-Chemical -synthesis O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rise O -in O -intracellular O -c O -- O -AMP O -produced O -by O -( O -- O -) O -- O -and O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -TMQ O -in O -fat O -cells O -was O -blocked O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -and O -not O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -adrenergic O -agonists O -on O -the O -contractility O -of O -circular O -muscle O -of O -the O -isthmus O -of O -the O -oviduct O -was O -studied O -in O -isolated O -tissues O -from O -rabbits O -in O -estrus O -and O -after O -progesterone B-Chemical -pretreatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Progesterone B-Chemical -pretreatment O -increased O -the O -maximal O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -on O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -, O -but O -did O -not O -alter O -sensitivity O -to O -the O -agonist O -, O -suggesting O -that O -there O -had O -been O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -number O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -rather O -than O -a O -change O -in O -their O -affinity O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -stimulus O -might O -initiate O -a O -positive O -feed O -- O -back O -alkalinization O -of O -the O -cytoplasm O -, O -concomitant O -with O -activation O -of O -Na O -- O -K O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -deficiency O -on O -lysyl O -oxidase O -activity O -in O -the O -chick O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -met O -- O -form O -hemoglobin O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deleted I-Chemical -human O -red O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Osmotic O -diuresis O -( O -15 O -% O -mannitol B-Chemical -, O -4 O -. O -5 O -ml O -/ O -hr O -) O -was O -in O -duced O -in O -anesthetized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -animals O -were O -divided O -into O -three O -groups O -: O -a O -) O -controls O -, O -b O -) O -with O -bilateral O -renal O -denervation O -( O -performed O -one O -week O -earlier O -) O -and O -c O -) O -with O -application O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -Obsidan O -, O -Germed O -DDR O -) O -introduced O -intravenously O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -g O -initially O -and O -0 O -. O -12 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -g O -sustaining O -dose O -during O -2 O -hrs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -, O -in O -osmotic O -diuresis O -, O -the O -renal O -denervation O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -inhibit O -the O -tubular O -sodium B-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -serum O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -triglycerides B-Chemical -and O -phospholipids O -during O -the O -normal O -menstrual O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -serum O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -triglycerides B-Chemical -, O -and O -phospholipids O -did O -not O -correlate O -with O -changes O -in O -the O -serum O -estradiol B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Progesterone B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -cultured O -amniotic O -fluid O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -the O -cell O -cultures O -with O -pregnenolone O -- O -3H O -resulted O -in O -the O -formation O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -, O -17alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -progesterone I-Chemical -and O -20 O -alpha O -- O -dihydroprogesterone O -. O - -aps B-category -Clostridial O -sepsis O -after O -abortion O -with O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -and O -intracervical O -laminaria O -tents O -- O -- O -a O -case O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -Study O -findings O -show O -that O -abortion O -cannulae O -can O -be O -cold O -sterilized O -by O -soaking O -them O -for O -a O -minimum O -of O -10 O -minutes O -in O -a O -solution O -of O -Cidex O -or O -95 O -% O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proton O -- O -consuming O -site O -of O -the O -respiratory O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -is O -on O -the O -cytoplasmic O -aspect O -of O -the O -cytoplasmic O -membrane O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -preliminary O -successful O -use O -of O -injectable O -lorazepam B-Chemical -in O -calming O -20 O -patients O -who O -presented O -with O -acute O -anxiety O -crises O -, O -a O -formal O -study O -of O -115 O -other O -such O -patients O -was O -carried O -out O -. O - -aps B-category -Vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -intestinal O -absorption O -in O -vivo O -: O -influence O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -bile O -salts O -, O -and O -perfusate O -pH O -on O -absorption O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -taurocholate O -concentation O -in O -the O -perfusate O -above O -5mM O -did O -not O -change O -ileal O -absorption O -rate O -but O -did O -decrease O -jejunal O -absorption O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -mM O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -of O -varying O -chain O -length O -and O -degrees O -of O -saturation O -resulted O -in O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -absorption O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -a O -protein O -meal O -, O -intraduodenal O -HCl O -, O -and O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -on O -portal O -and O -peripheral O -venous O -secretin O -and O -on O -pancreatic O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -an O -alkaline O -solution O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -oleate O -( O -pH O -9 O -. O -2 O -) O -stimulated O -PBS O -but O -not O -IRS O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -establish O -whether O -alcohol B-Chemical -in O -amounts O -in O -amounts O -customarily O -imbibed O -during O -social O -drinking O -causes O -gastro O -- O -oesophageal O -reflux O -, O -12 O -healthy O -young O -individuals O -, O -without O -symptoms O -of O -gastro O -- O -oesophageal O -reflux O -, O -were O -studied O -twice O -. O - -aps B-category -Peak O -blood O -alcohol B-Chemical -concentrations O -ranged O -between O -0 O -. O -63 O -and O -1 O -. O -29 O -g O -/ O -l O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -relatively O -modest O -quanttities O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -induce O -gastro O -- O -oesophageal O -reflux O -in O -healthy O -people O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -necessary O -, O -hypnotics O -, O -ataractics O -and O -antidepressant B-Chemical -drugs O -should O -be O -applied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -stress O -or O -glucose B-Chemical -feeding O -on O -hepatic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -and O -liver O -and O -plasma O -tyrosine B-Chemical -level O -of O -intact O -and O -adrenalectomized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -bilaterally O -adrenalectomized O -rats O -both O -hepatic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -plasma O -tyrosine B-Chemical -remain O -unchanged O -after O -injury O -and O -the O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -level O -increase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -regulatory O -role O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -establishing O -the O -level O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -is O -suggested O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -characterization O -of O -aromatic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glyoxylate I-Chemical -aminotransferase O -from O -monkey O -and O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -enzyme O -preparations O -showed O -physical O -and O -enzymic O -properties O -different O -from O -a O -kynurenine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -previously O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -glyoxylate O -, O -amino B-Chemical -donors O -were O -effective O -in O -the O -following O -order O -of O -activity O -; O -phenylalanine O -greater O -than O -histidine O -greater O -than O -tyrosine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -tryptophan B-Chemical -greater O -than O -5 O -- O -hydroxytrypotphan O -greater O -than O -kynurenine B-Chemical -for O -the O -rat O -enzyme O -, O -and O -phenylalanine O -greater O -than O -kynurenine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -histidine O -greater O -than O -tryptophan B-Chemical -greater O -than O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -for O -the O -monkey O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Preliminary O -results O -indicate O -an O -involvement O -of O -lysosomes O -in O -steroid B-Chemical -metabolism O -rather O -than O -in O -steroid B-Chemical -and O -receptor O -translocation O -into O -the O -nucleus O -. O - -aps B-category -Trimepranol O -( O -TMP O -) O -is O -a O -new O -propranolol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -, O -non O -- O -selective O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -blocking O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -reduction O -in O -concentration O -of O -the O -ultrafiltrate O -was O -12 O -. O -7 O -per O -cent O -for O -oxalate O -, O -11 O -. O -9 O -per O -cent O -for O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -9 O -. O -4 O -percent O -for O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -7 O -. O -6 O -per O -cent O -for O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -and O -6 O -. O -9 O -per O -cent O -for O -sodium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -better O -control O -of O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -reaction O -, O -and O -changes O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -of O -cobalt B-Chemical -, O -have O -resulted O -in O -a O -quantitatively O -reproducible O -reaction O -in O -the O -parietal O -cells O -of O -guinea O -- O -pig O -fundus O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cats O -anesthetized O -with O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloralose I-Chemical -, O -the O -activities O -of O -aortic O -and O -carotid O -chemoreceptor O -nerves O -were O -measured O -during O -a O -control O -period O -and O -during O -anemia O -where O -the O -hematocrit O -was O -lowered O -in O -steps O -by O -dextran B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -for I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -blood I-Chemical -exchange O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -biologically O -active O -borate O -derivative O -of O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -soluble O -in O -saline O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Atomic O -absorption O -spectroscopic O -determination O -of O -lead B-Chemical -extracted O -from O -acid O -- O -solubilized O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -neutralization O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -, O -the O -lead B-Chemical -is O -extracted O -into O -methyl O -isobutyl O -ketone B-Chemical -as O -the O -pyrrolidine B-Chemical -dithiocarbamate I-Chemical -complex O -and O -analyzed O -by O -flame O -atomic O -absorption O -spectrophotometry O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -pH O -- O -induced O -spectral O -changes O -for O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -, O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -, O -and O -furosemide B-Chemical -, O -3 O -different O -spectrophotometric O -methods O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -were O -competitively O -inhibited O -by O -phosphate B-Chemical -or O -arsenate O -and O -were O -activated O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -but O -not O -by O -Zn2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -growth O -, O -the O -molar O -growth O -yield O -referred O -to O -respiration O -, O -and O -corrected O -for O -maintenance O -respiration O -[ O -Yo O -( O -max O -) O -] O -, O -was O -12 O -. O -6 O -g O -( O -dry O -weight O -) O -per O -g O -- O -atom O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -not O -significantly O -different O -from O -the O -succinate O -- O -limited O -value O -of O -12 O -. O -0 O -g O -( O -dry O -weight O -) O -per O -g O -- O -atom O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -thioredoxin O -is O -indispensable O -for O -the O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -phosphosulfate O -( O -PAPS O -) O -sulfotransferase O -reaction O -under O -the O -usual O -conditions O -of O -assay O -in O -extracts O -of O -wild O -- O -type O -cells O -, O -the O -mutant O -grew O -as O -well O -as O -the O -wild O -type O -on O -sulfate O -, O -indicating O -that O -sulfate O -reduction O -is O -not O -rate O -limiting O -for O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -the O -cofactor O -found O -in O -mutant O -B O -tsnC O -* O -7004 O -is O -probably O -a O -mutated O -thioredoxin O -with O -an O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -substitution O -that O -alters O -the O -isoelectric O -point O -and O -the O -reactivity O -with O -thioredoxin O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -activities O -for O -both O -were O -reduced O -by O -about O -50 O -% O -when O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -added O -to O -the O -growth O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -characterization O -of O -a O -secondary O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -a O -pseudomonad O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -had O -a O -broad O -substrate O -specificity O -, O -catalyzing O -the O -dehydrogenation O -of O -a O -number O -of O -18 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -hydroxy O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Urea O -treatment O -of O -a O -temperate O -bacteriophage O -from O -a O -type O -49 O -strain O -of O -group O -A O -streptococcus O -( O -Streptococcus O -pyogenes O -) O -followed O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -fractionation O -, O -ion O -exchange O -, O -and O -affinity O -chromatography O -of O -solubilized O -proteins O -provided O -for O -the O -recovery O -( O -12 O -% O -) O -and O -purification O -( O -44 O -- O -fold O -) O -of O -the O -phage O -- O -associated O -hyaluronidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -cations O -tested O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -were O -the O -only O -effectors O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -revealed O -a O -predominance O -of O -acidic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -a O -relatively O -high O -content O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -required O -Mg2 O -+ O -and O -was O -inhibited O -by O -ethylenediaminetetraacetic O -acid O -and O -fluoride B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Desensitization O -was O -maximal O -by O -5 O -h O -, O -resulting O -in O -a O -69 O -% O -reduction O -in O -[ O -3H O -] O -HBI O -binding O -and O -a O -67 O -% O -reduction O -in O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Citrate B-Chemical -, O -an O -allosteric O -activator O -of O -the O -carboxylase O -, O -induces O -polymerization O -of O -the O -protomeric O -avidin O -- O -sensitive O -form O -giving O -rise O -to O -the O -avidin O -- O -insensitive O -polymeric O -filamentous O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -indicate O -that O -carboxylase O -filaments O -exist O -in O -the O -intact O -chick O -liver O -cell O -when O -the O -cytoplasmic O -citrate B-Chemical -level O -is O -high O -and O -undergo O -depolymerization O -when O -citrate B-Chemical -levels O -fall O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxygen O -equilibria O -of O -the O -isolated O -hemoglobin O -components O -( O -Hb O -I O -, O -Hb O -II O -, O -Hb O -III O -, O -and O -Hb O -IV O -) O -show O -only O -minor O -differences O -in O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -Bohr O -effect O -and O -in O -the O -effect O -of O -ATP O -on O -the O -binding O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydrogen B-Chemical -exchange O -kinetics O -of O -human O -oxy O -- O -, O -deoxy O -- O -, O -and O -cyanomethemoglobin O -have O -been O -measured O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -by O -the O -tritium O -tracer O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -methylated O -peptides O -were O -resolved O -using O -gel O -electrophoresis O -under O -acidic O -conditions O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -N O -- O -cetylpyridinium O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Proton O -- O -coupled O -sodium B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -membrane O -vesicles O -from O -Azotobacter O -vinelandii O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -receptors O -was O -reduced O -in O -membranes O -from O -fibroblasts O -that O -were O -grown O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -25 O -- O -hydroxycholesterol O -plus O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -in O -fibroblast O -membranes O -from O -a O -subject O -with O -homozygous O -familial O -hypercholesterolemia O -, O -two O -situations O -in O -which O -the O -number O -of O -LDL O -receptors O -in O -intact O -fibroblasts O -is O -known O -to O -be O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -and O -characterization O -of O -ornithine B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -from O -normal O -human O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -, O -purified O -580 O -- O -fold O -in O -this O -way O -, O -is O -homogeneous O -as O -judged O -by O -native O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -focuses O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -as O -a O -single O -band O -on O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -, O -has O -a O -COOH O -- O -terminal O -phenylalanine O -, O -an O -NH2 O -- O -terminal O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -an O -apparent O -Km O -for O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ornithine I-Chemical -of O -0 O -. O -4 O -mM O -and O -for O -carbamyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -of O -0 O -. O -16 O -mM O -, O -and O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -7 O -. O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -hepatic O -levels O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -messenger O -RNA O -during O -induction O -by O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -level O -of O -functional O -message O -present O -in O -rat O -liver O -increases O -during O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -induction O -, O -and O -this O -increase O -is O -directly O -proportional O -to O -the O -increased O -rate O -of O -synthesis O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymatic O -measurement O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -galactose B-Chemical -content O -pneumococcal O -capsular O -polysaccharides O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitors O -of O -the O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -transport O -reaction O -carboxyatratyloside O -and O -bongkrekic O -acid O -are O -capable O -of O -preventing O -and O -reversing O -Mg O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -- O -induced O -aggregation O -at O -the O -same O -low O -concentration O -required O -for O -complete O -inhibition O -of O -phosphorylating O -respiration O -, O -suggesting O -that O -they O -inhibit O -the O -aggregation O -by O -binding O -to O -the O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -carrier O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -observation O -is O -strengthened O -by O -experiments O -in O -which O -untreated O -sperm O -are O -incubated O -in O -seawater O -or O -isotonic O -NaCl B-Chemical -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -and O -the O -ionophore O -X537A O -is O -added O -; O -in O -this O -case O -, O -only O -a O -partial O -polymerization O -of O -the O -actin O -occurs O -and O -the O -acrosomal O -vacuole O -does O -not O -fuse O -with O -the O -cell O -surface O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -is O -used O -here O -as O -an O -indicator O -to O -investigate O -the O -effect O -of O -externally O -added O -cAMP B-Chemical -pulses O -on O -the O -oscillations O -. O - -aps B-category -Fractionation O -of O -membrane O -proteins O -by O -hydrophobic O -interaction O -chromatography O -and O -by O -chromatography O -on O -agarose O -equilibrated O -with O -a O -water B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alcohol I-Chemical -mixture O -of O -low O -or O -high O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Controlled O -pore O -glass O -( O -CPG O -) O -adsorbs O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBsAg B-Chemical -) O -from O -whole O -plasma O -with O -a O -high O -degree O -of O -specificity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adsorbed O -HBsAg B-Chemical -is O -qualitatively O -and O -quantitatively O -similar O -to O -the O -soluble O -material O -in O -its O -ability O -to O -bind O -antibodies O -to O -HBsAg B-Chemical -( O -anti O -- O -HBs O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Bound O -antibody O -can O -be O -eluted O -in O -77 O -% O -yield O -by O -acid O -or O -by O -chaotropic O -ions O -and O -the O -CPG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HBsAg I-Chemical -complex O -can O -be O -reused O -in O -further O -adsorption O -- O -elution O -cycles O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -preparation O -of O -monospecific O -subtyping O -reagents O -for O -HBsAg B-Chemical -and O -of O -immunochemically O -purified O -anti O -- O -HBs O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Collecting O -duct O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -secretion O -in O -the O -rabbit O -: O -role O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rabbit O -was O -chosen O -as O -the O -experimental O -model O -because O -it O -produces O -acid O -urine O -containing O -little O -ammonium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -studies O -, O -the O -urine O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -and O -buffer O -concentration O -were O -comparable O -to O -those O -observed O -in O -dog O -, O -rat O -, O -and O -man O -in O -which O -a O -high O -U O -- O -B O -PCO2 O -gradient O -was O -achieved O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -potassium B-Chemical -deficiency O -has O -been O -implicated O -in O -impaired O -urine O -acidification O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -was O -administered O -, O -and O -it O -resulted O -in O -an O -increase O -in O -collecting O -duct O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -secretion O -as O -evidenced O -by O -a O -further O -fall O -in O -minimum O -urine O -pH O -during O -acidemia O -and O -a O -prompt O -rise O -in O -the O -U O -- O -B O -PCO2 O -during O -alkali B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -administration O -increased O -the O -rate O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -secretion O -in O -a O -segment O -of O -the O -collecting O -duct O -in O -which O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -secretion O -is O -reflected O -by O -an O -increase O -U O -- O -B O -PCO2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -samples O -were O -taken O -during O -prolonged O -hypoxia O -experiments O -in O -which O -the O -inspired O -water O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -was O -less O -than O -10 O -mmHg O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -in O -blood O -pH O -is O -correlated O -with O -increases O -in O -levels O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Recovery O -of O -normoxic O -levels O -of O -succinate O -takes O -place O -almost O -immediately O -following O -the O -restart O -of O -ventilation O -whereas O -the O -decrease O -in O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -is O -slower O -. O - -aps B-category -Intestinal O -transport O -of O -weak O -electrolytes O -: O -Determinants O -of O -influx O -at O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -surface O -. O - -aps B-category -Short O -term O -exposure O -of O -PC O -- O -12 O -cells O -to O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -( O -dB B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cAMP I-Chemical -) O -results O -in O -an O -activation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Exogenous O -c O -- O -AMP O -dependent O -protein O -kinase O -further O -stumulates O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Regional O -distribution O -of O -enzymes O -associated O -with O -neurotransmission O -by O -monoamines B-Chemical -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -GABA B-Chemical -in O -the O -human O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Relation O -between O -morphine B-Chemical -pharmacokinetics O -and O -analgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -temperature O -dependence O -of O -the O -rate O -of O -degradation O -was O -studied O -in O -0 O -. O -05 O -M O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -a O -moderate O -acidosis O -causes O -an O -effect O -on O -skeletal O -muscle O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -that O -could O -compensate O -for O -the O -depressive O -action O -on O -the O -myofilaments O -, O -which O -is O -, O -in O -addition O -, O -less O -pronounced O -than O -in O -cardiac O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -pH O -do O -not O -appreciably O -effect O -the O -peak O -amplitude O -of O -the O -current O -produced O -by O -a O -single O -quantum O -or O -by O -short O -ionophoretic O -pulses O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Exposure O -of O -the O -muscle O -to O -1 O -mM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dithiothreitol I-Chemical -reduced O -the O -amplitude O -of O -end O -- O -plate O -currents O -by O -a O -factor O -of O -2 O -. O -7 O -( O -mean O -; O -range O -1 O -. O -6 O -- O -3 O -. O -4 O -; O -twelve O -fibres O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -onset O -of O -action O -of O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -there O -was O -little O -or O -no O -indication O -of O -departure O -of O -end O -- O -plate O -current O -decay O -from O -a O -simple O -exponential O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -the O -rates O -of O -decay O -of O -end O -- O -plate O -currents O -continued O -to O -depend O -on O -membrane O -potential O -; O -there O -was O -little O -or O -no O -change O -in O -the O -slope O -of O -the O -relation O -between O -in O -( O -rate O -of O -decay O -) O -and O -membrane O -potential O -, O -consistent O -with O -little O -or O -no O -change O -in O -the O -dipole O -moment O -of O -a O -gating O -molecule O -for O -ion O -channels O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -causes O -changes O -in O -the O -kinetics O -of O -gating O -of O -ion O -channels O -associated O -with O -receptors O -and O -that O -these O -changes O -accompany O -changes O -in O -the O -binding O -of O -ACh O -to O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -the O -concomitant O -transient O -pH O -changes O -was O -minimized O -by O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -and O -by O -choosing O -experimental O -conditions O -of O -moderate O -pH O -sensitivity O -( O -pH O -6 O -. O -4 O -and O -7 O -. O -8 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -the O -velocity O -constant O -of O -sulphate O -efflux O -into O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -medium O -increased O -only O -twofold O -when O -the O -intracellular O -sulphate O -concentration O -was O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -transient O -membrane O -potential O -due O -to O -the O -uneven O -distribution O -of O -sulphate O -and O -chloride B-Chemical -was O -shown O -by O -the O -rapid O -introduction O -of O -chromate O -into O -the O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Chloride O -efflux O -into O -sodium B-Chemical -sulphate O -media O -was O -measured O -by O -a O -chloride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -electrode O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -6 O -. O -4 O -, O -chloride B-Chemical -efflux O -was O -characterized O -by O -a O -single O -velocity O -constant O -identical O -to O -that O -of O -sulphate O -movement O -in O -the O -opposite O -direction O -. O - -aps B-category -Structure O -activity O -relationship O -of O -disubstituted O -piperazine B-Chemical -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -were O -evaluated O -in O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -receptor O -assays O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxidation O -of O -7 O -- O -hydroxychlorpromazine O -, O -a O -process O -associated O -with O -several O -side O -effects O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -was O -examined O -in O -vitro O -by O -electrochemistry O -and O -rapid O -- O -scanning O -spectrophotometry O -. O - -aps B-category -Activity O -- O -electroreduction O -relationship O -of O -antimicrobial O -metronidazole B-Chemical -analogues O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -activation O -produces O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -production O -of O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -which O -, O -in O -turn O -, O -causes O -a O -drop O -of O -tissular O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -alkaline O -medium O -, O -the O -content O -of O -K O -, O -Na O -, O -Mg O -, O -Ca O -and O -Fe O -decreased O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -that O -of O -Al O -, O -Ba O -, O -Sr O -and O -Cu O -, O -probably O -as O -a O -result O -of O -damaged O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Labetalol B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -hypertensive O -renal O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -the O -start O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -all O -patients O -were O -receiving O -combined O -antihypertensive O -therapy O -, O -the O -most O -common O -being O -a O -beta O -- O -blocker O -and O -hydrallazine O -. O - -aps B-category -51Cr O -edetic O -acid O -( O -EDTA O -) O -estimations O -of O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -were O -performed O -before O -labetalol B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -and O -then O -again O -after O -one O -and O -six O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Labetalol B-Chemical -seems O -to O -be O -an O -effective O -substitute O -for O -the O -beta O -- O -blocker O -plus O -hydrallazine O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -activity O -of O -the O -factor O -can O -be O -increased O -in O -cells O -grown O -under O -certain O -conditions O -; O -this O -increase O -is O -blocked O -by O -erythromycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -calcium B-Chemical -specificity O -for O -triggering O -light O -emission O -was O -studied O -by O -comparison O -of O -triggering O -with O -a O -variety O -of O -cations O -and O -anions O -and O -by O -investigating O -the O -effects O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ionophores O -and O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Secondly O -, O -our O -study O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -salts O -, O -proteases O -, O -detergents O -, O -and O -other O -agents O -indicate O -that O -the O -protein O -, O -though O -sensitive O -to O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -visible O -light O -inactivation O -, O -is O -relatively O -resistant O -to O -some O -agents O -which O -commonly O -inactivate O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Sepharose O -4B O -column O -with O -antibody O -to O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -E O -. O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -two O -homologous O -series O -of O -oral O -and O -intravenous O -biliary O -contrast B-Chemical -agents O -to O -human O -and O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -was O -investigated O -using O -the O -gel O -filtration O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -and O -renin O -in O -sickle O -- O -cell O -nephropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Clonidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hypotension O -: O -further O -evidence O -for O -a O -central O -interaction O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -receptor O -antagonists O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -protocol O -included O -salazopyrine O -and O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -per O -os O -, O -salazopyrine O -and O -prednisone B-Chemical -per O -rectum O -, O -and O -parenteral O -ACTH B-Chemical -depot O -. O - -aps B-category -Cytoplasmic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -: O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -aminotransferase O -, O -EC2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -5 O -) O -was O -partially O -purified O -from O -host O -liver O -and O -Morris O -hepatoma O -No O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -animals O -were O -sacrificed O -six O -hours O -following O -the O -intraperitoneal O -administration O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -hemisuccinate O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -the O -conditions O -described O -, O -linear O -as O -well O -as O -nicked O -circular O -DNA O -is O -extracted O -into O -phenol B-Chemical -, O -while O -covalently O -closed O -circular O -DNA O -molecules O -remain O -in O -the O -water O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Gastric O -secretion O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -in O -healthy O -children O -and O -in O -children O -with O -peptic O -ulcer O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -specific O -, O -highly O -sensitive O -and O -exact O -polarographic O -method O -of O -phenol B-Chemical -determination O -in O -the O -air O -is O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -paramagnetic O -effect O -of O -Mn O -( O -II O -) O -on O -( O -13 O -) O -C O -and O -( O -31 O -) O -P O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -signals O -from O -the O -[ O -2 O -- O -( O -13 O -) O -C O -] O -ATP O -adenylylated O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -[ O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -: O -ammonia B-Chemical -ligase O -( O -ADP O -- O -forming O -) O -; O -EC O -6 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -] O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -was O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -Mn O -( O -II O -) O -to O -the O -n O -( O -1 O -) O -site O -converts O -an O -inactive O -apo O -- O -enzyme O -to O -its O -active O -form O -, O -while O -the O -metal O -ion O -bound O -at O -n O -( O -2 O -) O -occupies O -the O -metal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -substrate O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitation O -of O -the O -paramagnetic O -effect O -due O -to O -Co O -( O -II O -) O -on O -the O -( O -31 O -) O -P O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -signal O -yielded O -values O -of O -8 O -and O -6 O -A O -for O -the O -distances O -between O -the O -phosphorus B-Chemical -of O -the O -covalently O -bound O -AMP O -and O -the O -n O -( O -1 O -) O -and O -n O -( O -2 O -) O -sites O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -terminal O -cisternae O -was O -higher O -than O -previously O -measured O -normal O -resting O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Fiber O -NaCl B-Chemical -was O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -cultured O -3T3 O -- O -L1 O -cells O -by O -insulin O -, O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -, O -and O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -activities O -of O -hexokinase O -( O -ATP O -: O -D O -- O -hexose O -6 O -- O -phosphotransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -) O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -: O -NADP O -( O -+ O -) O -1 O -- O -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -49 O -) O -also O -increase O -but O -less O -dramatically O -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -- O -to O -3 O -- O -fold O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Maintenance O -of O -confluent O -cells O -in O -culture O -medium O -lacking O -added O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -has O -little O -, O -if O -any O -, O -effect O -on O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -in O -either O -control O -or O -insulin O -- O -treated O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -3T3 O -- O -L1 O -control O -cells O -and O -adipocytes O -with O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -( O -1 O -mM O -) O -plus O -theophylline B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mM O -) O -decreases O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -specific O -activity O -and O -almost O -completely O -reverses O -the O -insulin O -- O -and O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -increases O -in O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -is O -hormonally O -regulated O -in O -3T3 O -- O -L1 O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Crosslinking O -of O -the O -nearest O -membrane O -protein O -neighbors O -in O -ATP O -depleted O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -enriched O -and O -irreversibly O -sickled O -red O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Accelerated O -calcium B-Chemical -gain O -and O -ATP O -depletion O -in O -ISCs O -leads O -to O -spectrin O -rearrangement O -and O -transformation O -of O -ISCs O -into O -spheroechinocytes O -which O -may O -represent O -an O -end O -stage O -ISC O -lesion O -resulting O -in O -an O -ISC O -removal O -from O -circulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relation O -of O -nucleosomes O -to O -nucleotide B-Chemical -sequences O -is O -random O -for O -most O -single O -copy O -sequences O -in O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Concomitant O -with O -this O -structural O -change O -was O -a O -variation O -in O -the O -histone O -pattern O -and O -sedimentation O -behaviour O -of O -the O -complexes O -: O -with O -NaCl B-Chemical -at O -0 O -. O -15 O -mol O -1 O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -the O -isolated O -complexes O -contained O -both O -the O -nucleosomal O -histones O -and O -histone O -H1 O -, O -and O -sedimented O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -at O -70S O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heat O -shock O -proteins O -, O -labelled O -in O -vivo O -with O -[ O -35S O -] O -methionine B-Chemical -, O -were O -separated O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulphate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -and O -fingerprinted O -after O -tryptic O -digestion O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -accounted O -for O -by O -a O -significant O -number O -of O -depressions O -occurring O -in O -methyl B-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -treated O -patients O -with O -psychiatric O -histories O -. O - -aps B-category -Classification O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -according O -to O -their O -ability O -to O -inhibit O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -locomotion O -and O -gnawing O -: O -evidence O -for O -two O -different O -mechanisms O -of O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -investigation O -examined O -whether O -or O -not O -physical O -dependence O -or O -other O -abnormalities O -were O -detectable O -1 O -- O -- O -3 O -months O -after O -withdrawal O -in O -dependent O -rats O -that O -had O -been O -treated O -with O -the O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -amintenance O -dose O -of O -100 O -X O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -for O -7 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -remarkable O -increase O -in O -spontaneous O -locomotor O -activity O -on O -the O -67th O -day O -and O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -body O -weight O -on O -the O -69th O -and O -92nd O -day O -after O -withdrawal O -occurred O -after O -an O -acute O -injection O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -was O -administered O -for O -3 O -days O -from O -the O -102nd O -day O -after O -withdrawal O -, O -a O -levallorphan O -injection O -caused O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -spontaneous O -locomotor O -activity O -and O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -frequency O -of O -the O -diarrheal O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs O -block O -both O -the O -hyperactivity O -and O -the O -increase O -in O -caudate O -nucleus O -cyclic O -AMP O -concentration O -produced O -by O -the O -administration O -of O -tranylcypromine B-Chemical -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -to O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -also O -elevated O -caudate O -nucleus O -cyclic O -AMP O -concentrations O -by O -approximately O -50 O -% O -in O -vivo O -, O -probably O -by O -stimulating O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -alpha O -- O -flupenthixol O -also O -inhibited O -both O -effects O -, O -while O -beta O -- O -flupenthixol O -and O -pimozide O -were O -without O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -good O -correlation O -was O -found O -to O -exist O -between O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -both O -the O -increased O -behavioural O -activity O -and O -the O -increased O -caudate O -nucleus O -cyclic O -AMP O -concentrations O -produced O -by O -tranylcypromine B-Chemical -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -FDA O -guidelines O -forthe O -clinical O -evaluation O -of O -psychotropic O -drugs B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -antidepressant I-Chemical -and O -antianxiety O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Labilization O -of O -brain O -lysosomes O -by O -trichloroethylene O -metabolites O -and O -peroxide B-Chemical -anion O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -were O -compared O -with O -the O -effect O -of O -peroxide B-Chemical -anion O -from O -the O -xanthine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -xanthine I-Chemical -oxidase O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -statistically O -significant O -correlation O -was O -found O -between O -HDL O -protein O -and O -HDL O -cholesterol B-Chemical -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -39 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -determination O -of O -HDL O -total O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -in O -combination O -with O -GT O -, O -may O -represent O -a O -valuable O -and O -sensitive O -test O -for O -detection O -of O -alcoholism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -onset O -of O -action O -of O -three O -sympathomimetic O -drugs O -( O -rimiterol O -0 O -. O -2 O -mg O -, O -terbutaline B-Chemical -0 O -. O -25 O -mg O -and O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -0 O -. O -08 O -mg O -) O -administered O -by O -metered O -dose O -inhaler O -was O -compared O -in O -12 O -asthmatics O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increased O -heart O -rate O -was O -observed O -after O -the O -first O -dose O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -whereas O -no O -further O -increase O -was O -found O -after O -the O -higher O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -there O -is O -a O -small O -, O -clinically O -insignificant O -, O -difference O -in O -the O -onset O -of O -action O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -compared O -with O -that O -of O -the O -selective O -beta2 O -- O -stimulating O -aerosol O -, O -terbutaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Prazosin B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -uncontrolled O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -highly O -specific O -interactions O -between O -delta8 O -- O -and O -delta9 O -- O -tetrahydrocannabinol O -and O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -in O -the O -rodent O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Haemodynamic O -characterization O -of O -a O -new O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blocker O -celiprolol O -( O -st1396 O -) O -at O -rest O -and O -during O -ergometer O -exercise O -compared O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -inderal O -) O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -blood O -pressure O -during O -exercise O -was O -less O -pronounced O -during O -Celiprolol O -medication O -than O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -aureus O -are O -dried O -, O -the O -efficacy O -of O -phenol B-Chemical -is O -reduced O -but O -the O -efficacy O -of O -formaldehyde O -is O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -these O -tests O -the O -chlorides O -of O -various O -alkali B-Chemical -and O -alkaline O -earth O -metals O -were O -used O -in O -different O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -higher O -concentrations O -of O -ions O -the O -efficacy O -of O -phenol B-Chemical -is O -increased O -, O -that O -of O -formaldehyde O -is O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cations O -of O -the O -lower O -periods O -from O -the O -main O -groups O -I O -and O -II O -favour O -the O -damage O -to O -the O -cells O -by O -phenol B-Chemical -, O -the O -cations O -of O -the O -higher O -periods O -favour O -the O -damage O -by O -formaldehyde O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -exerted O -a O -stimulating O -influence O -both O -on O -initial O -hyper O -- O -and O -hyposecretion O -, O -while O -the O -other O -preparations O -studied O -were O -shown O -not O -to O -cause O -any O -essential O -rise O -in O -gastric O -secretion O -in O -patients O -with O -secretory O -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenergic O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blocking O -agents O -, O -alprenolol O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -practolol O -were O -given O -as O -a O -prophylactic O -measure O -to O -patients O -undergoing O -middle O -- O -ear O -microsurgery O -where O -adrenaline B-Chemical -was O -deliberately O -infiltrated O -during O -halothane B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N2O I-Chemical -/ O -O2 O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Atropine B-Chemical -caused O -a O -highly O -significant O -increase O -in O -heart O -rate O -in O -the O -spontaneously O -ventilating O -group O -and O -maintained O -blood O -pressure O -at O -higher O -levels O -, O -although O -the O -latter O -difference O -was O -not O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effective O -half O -- O -life O -of O -practolol O -was O -less O -than O -15 O -min O -and O -doses O -up O -to O -0 O -. O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -were O -unable O -to O -prevent O -arrhythmias O -during O -adrenaline B-Chemical -challenge O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adrenergic O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blocking O -drug O -, O -alprenolol O -, O -was O -given O -together O -with O -atropine B-Chemical -to O -15 O -patients O -during O -neurolept O -analgesia O -( O -NLA O -) O -in O -order O -to O -prevent O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -cardiac O -arrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -arrhythmias O -due O -to O -adrenaline B-Chemical -infiltration O -was O -much O -less O -in O -this O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -does O -, O -however O -, O -seem O -to O -be O -compatible O -with O -an O -adrenergic O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blockade O -, O -which O -in O -turn O -provides O -partial O -protection O -against O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -arrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -to O -peak O -tension O -( O -atrium O -, O -papillary O -muscle O -) O -was O -relatively O -shorter O -after O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -than O -after O -alpha O -- O -stimulation O -, O -which O -tended O -to O -prolong O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -nifedipine B-Chemical -( O -BAY O -1040 O -) O -, O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -antagonistic I-Chemical -inhibitor O -of O -the O -electromechanical O -coupling O -process O -was O -tested O -on O -atrioventricular O -conduction O -and O -refractoriness O -of O -the O -dog O -heart O -in O -situ O -by O -means O -of O -His O -- O -bundle O -electrography O -and O -programmed O -electrical O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -the O -basic O -effects O -of O -the O -compound O -can O -be O -altered O -by O -release O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -from O -sympathetic O -nerves O -of O -heart O -and O -vessels O -, O -the O -dogs O -were O -pretreated O -with O -acebutolol O -, O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -blocking O -agent O -, O -which O -decreased O -heart O -rate O -and O -prolonged O -atrioventricular O -conduction O -and O -refractoriness O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -respect O -, O -nifedipine B-Chemical -differs O -distinctly O -from O -another O -calcium B-Chemical -antagonistic O -compound O -, O -verapamil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -myocardial O -effects O -of O -increasing O -concentrations O -of O -ionic O -lithium B-Chemical -were O -investigated O -in O -isolated O -, O -spontaneously O -beating O -rabbit O -hearts O -, O -which O -were O -retrogradely O -perfused O -with O -a O -modified O -Krebs O -- O -Henseleit O -solution O -containing O -lithium B-Chemical -in O -concentration O -of O -1 O -, O -5 O -or O -10 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lowest O -concentration O -of O -1 O -mM O -lithium B-Chemical -did O -not O -cause O -any O -measurable O -changes O -in O -these O -parameters O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -delayed O -increase O -in O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -of O -about O -21 O -% O -, O -but O -accompanied O -by O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -contractility O -however O -, O -occurred O -much O -later O -in O -the O -experiments O -, O -probably O -as O -an O -expression O -of O -a O -decrease O -in O -myocardial O -efficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -other O -parameters O -measured O -were O -markedly O -influenced O -by O -lithium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -inhibitory O -influence O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -on O -the O -positive O -inotropic O -effect O -of O -increasing O -frequency O -of O -stimulation O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -possible O -causative O -influence O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -on O -the O -cellular O -calcium B-Chemical -metabolism O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -respiratory O -system O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -excess O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -in O -the O -animals O -leads O -a O -strenghthening O -of O -respiratory O -action O -in O -terms O -of O -increased O -respiratory O -centre O -bioelectrical O -excitability O -, O -muscular O -electrical O -activity O -and O -outer O -respiratory O -indices O -, O -such O -as O -frequence O -, O -volume O -and O -lung O -ventilation O -per O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -to O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -the O -beta O -2 O -- O -selective O -agonist O -salbutamol B-Chemical -was O -4 O -- O -- O -6 O -times O -more O -potent O -as O -a O -vasodilator O -in O -the O -muscle O -than O -in O -adipose O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -beta O -- O -blockade O -, O -however O -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -was O -the O -more O -potent O -vasoconstrictor O -in O -the O -gracilis O -muscle O -whereas O -adrenaline B-Chemical -was O -more O -potent O -in O -adipose O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -adrenaline B-Chemical -is O -a O -much O -more O -potent O -beta2 O -- O -than O -beta1 O -- O -agonist O -, O -these O -differences O -point O -to O -different O -roles O -of O -intravascular O -adrenaline B-Chemical -in O -the O -two O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrical O -potentials O -during O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -transport O -in O -hemoglobin O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -effects O -of O -high O -altitude O -and O -polycythaemia O -on O -oxygen B-Chemical -delivery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hemoglobin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxygen I-Chemical -affininty O -was O -markedly O -increased O -with O -P50 O -varying O -from O -22 O -. O -3 O -to O -17 O -. O -7 O -mmHg O -. O - -aps B-category -Homeostatic O -responses O -to O -increased O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -acidosis O -on O -red O -cell O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -whole O -foetal O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxygen O -consumption O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -extraction O -of O -the O -feline O -liver O -under O -different O -types O -of O -induced O -hypoxia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -second O -period O -, O -starting O -after O -the O -first O -minute O -, O -the O -increase O -in O -lactate B-Chemical -content O -leads O -to O -further O -decrease O -in O -pH O -and O -is O -accompanied O -by O -extensive O -sodium B-Chemical -influx O -and O -a O -distinct O -potassium B-Chemical -efflux O -. O - -aps B-category -Flow O -stasis O -, O -blood O -gases O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -levels O -in O -the O -red O -pulp O -of O -the O -spleen O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -) O -Correction O -of O -cardiac O -output O -and O -arterial O -blood O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -in O -haemorrhagic O -shock O -does O -not O -necessarily O -ensure O -normal O -tissue O -oxygenation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -significance O -of O -the O -pKa O -value O -of O -the O -sulphonamides O -and O -the O -pH O -and O -salt B-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyrimidine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -rat O -embryo O -cells O -infected O -with O -X14 O -or O -H O -- O -1 O -parvovirus O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -result O -suggests O -that O -the O -lowered O -pyrimidine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -infected O -cells O -depends O -to O -a O -large O -extent O -on O -the O -diminished O -PRPP O -pool O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -differentiation O -of O -newly O -isolated O -strains O -of O -Sindbis O -virus O -, O -their O -sensitivity O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -is O -recommended O -: O -a O -freshly O -isolated O -strain O -proved O -to O -be O -resistant O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -are O -remarkably O -effective O -anxiolytic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -in O -MBD O -is O -regarded O -as O -investigational O -and O -warrants O -careful O -monitoring O -to O -minimize O -toxicities O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antibacterial O -activity O -of O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotics O -is O -significantly O -reduced O -by O -lowering O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -incubation O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -septic O -arthritis O -is O -associated O -with O -high O -white O -blood O -cell O -counts O -, O -in O -synovial O -fluid O -, O -the O -resultant O -low O -pH O -may O -contribute O -to O -the O -poor O -response O -to O -gram O -- O -negative O -septic O -arthritis O -treated O -with O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -of O -blood O -plasma O -of O -43 O -patients O -with O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -( O -RA O -) O -and O -19 O -controls O -were O -investigated O -by O -ion O -exchange O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -RA O -patients O -more O -than O -60 O -years O -differ O -significantly O -in O -23 O -out O -of O -30 O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Older O -individuals O -exhibited O -differences O -in O -only O -14 O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Depression O -has O -been O -the O -prevailing O -psychiatric O -diagnosis O -( O -50 O -% O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -33 O -% O -in O -the O -control O -group O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Glucose B-Chemical -absorption O -from O -the O -small O -intestine O -in O -rats O -of O -different O -ages O -( O -authors O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -old O -) O -tested O -for O -their O -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -from O -the O -total O -small O -intestine O -( O -including O -duodenum O -) O -in O -the O -course O -of O -a O -twenty O -- O -minute O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Regarding O -the O -Km O -as O -an O -apparent O -affinity O -constant O -of O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -for O -the O -carrier O -transport O -, O -ageing O -induces O -a O -considerable O -loss O -in O -affinity O -and O -a O -concomitant O -increase O -of O -the O -maximum O -absorptive O -capacity O -( O -Vmax O -) O -possible O -by O -the O -transfer O -capacity O -of O -the O -ageing O -small O -gut O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -methyl O -xanthine B-Chemical -treatment O -on O -calcitonin B-Chemical -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -no O -difference O -in O -respect O -of O -the O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -elevation O -after O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -methyl O -xanthines O -or O -after O -a O -9 O -- O -10 O -day O -lasting O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -androgens B-Chemical -simultaneously O -with O -the O -methyl O -xanthine B-Chemical -treatment O -failed O -to O -produce O -improvement O -of O -calcitonin B-Chemical -sensitivty O -preventing O -the O -elevation O -of O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -after O -calcitonin B-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Theophylline B-Chemical -treatment O -resulted O -in O -a O -slightly O -but O -significantly O -elevated O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -comparing O -to O -controls O -without O -exogeneous O -calcitonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Results O -concerning O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -old O -patients O -against O -digitalis B-Chemical -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -it O -is O -necessary O -to O -consider O -the O -bodyweight O -for O -digitalis B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -older O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Fourteen O -women O -averaging O -69 O -. O -5 O -years O -of O -age O -with O -painful O -osteoporosis O -of O -the O -spine O -were O -treated O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -calcium B-Chemical -salts O -and O -calciferol O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -reduction O -of O -the O -capacity O -of O -the O -air O -chamber O -with O -great O -stroke O -volumes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -level O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -NA O -) O -in O -the O -plasma O -of O -white O -mice O -, O -determined O -radioenzymatically O -as O -described O -by O -Henry O -et O -al O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -explanation O -for O -the O -missing O -raise O -in O -NA O -plasma O -level O -after O -caffeine B-Chemical -in O -adult O -mice O -might O -be O -the O -following O -: O -Calcium B-Chemical -ions O -are O -indispensable O -for O -the O -release O -of O -NA O -by O -nerve O -impulses O -and O -the O -stimulation O -of O -presynaptic O -beta O -- O -receptors O -of O -noradrenergic O -neurons O -by O -NA O -contributes O -to O -facilitations O -of O -NA O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simplified O -method O -of O -quantitating O -protein O -using O -the O -biuret O -and O -phenol B-Chemical -reagents O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -colorimetric O -determination O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -urate B-Chemical -oxidase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -o O -- O -phthalaldehyde O -for O -the O -fluorometric O -assay O -of O -nonprotein O -amino B-Chemical -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -: O -a O -direct O -, O -continuous O -linear O -assay O -using O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -electrode O -. O - -aps B-category -Endogenous O -factor O -in O -rat O -liver O -that O -converts O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -form O -III O -to O -form O -I O -: O -a O -rapid O -assay O -of O -this O -converting O -factor O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Use O -of O -dobutamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -septic O -shock O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Advantages O -and O -disadvantages O -of O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenergic I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -in O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -remaining O -patients O -, O -some O -will O -respond O -to O -treatment O -with O -a O -thiazide B-Chemical -diuretic B-Chemical -alone O -, O -and O -those O -with O -severe O -grades O -of O -hypertension O -will O -require O -the O -addition O -of O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -drug O -, O -occasionally O -together O -with O -a O -vasodilator O -. O - -aps B-category -Free O -and O -total O -tryptophan B-Chemical -is O -estimated O -in O -the O -plasma O -by O -a O -spectrofluorimetric O -method O -using O -an O -amplification O -reaction O -and O -fluorescence O -by O -transformation O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -into O -norharman O -using O -formalin B-Chemical -and O -perhydrol O -( O -fluorescence O -is O -amplified O -about O -15 O -times O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -for O -free O -tryptophan B-Chemical -( O -average O -+ O -/ O -- O -ts O -for O -a O -risk O -of O -5 O -% O -) O -and O -54 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -18 O -. O -6 O -micronmol O -/ O -l O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Determination O -of O -silver B-Chemical -in O -biological O -fluids O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -of O -blood O -and O -kidney O -to O -orally O -administered O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -( O -4 O -. O -1 O -mEq O -. O - -aps B-category -Decrease O -of O -urine O -pH O -was O -greater O -to O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -than O -to O -NH4Cl O -group O -but O -the O -net O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -excretion O -by O -the O -kidney O -was O -minor O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -of O -lung O -surfactant O -by O -ventilation O -, O -adrenergic O -mediators O -, O -and O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -in O -the O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -beta O -- O -2 O -agonist O -, O -terbutaline B-Chemical -, O -increased O -phospholipid O -by O -43 O -per O -cent O -during O -normal O -VE O -( O -P O -is O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -blocked O -this O -increase O -( O -P O -is O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -concluded O -that O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -previous O -study O -) O -, O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -mediators O -, O -and O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -are O -involved O -in O -controlling O -alveolar O -surfactant O -during O -increased O -VE O -. O - -aps B-category -Equilibrium O -distribution O -of O -phenacetyl O -- O -D O -- O -( O -- O -- O -) O -- O -alpha O -- O -aminophenylacetic O -acid O -obtained O -on O -fermentative O -hydrolysis O -of O -D O -, O -L O -- O -aminophenylacetic O -acid O -in O -a O -two O -- O -phase O -system O -( O -chloroform B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -water I-Chemical -) O -was O -studied O -within O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -the O -substance O -concentration O -in O -the O -organic O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -mineral B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -media O -growth O -is O -inhibited O -by O -peptone O -at O -pH O -values O -of O -about O -7 O -or O -less O -. O - -aps B-category -Anaerobic O -cultivation O -of O -this O -isolate O -resulted O -in O -decreases O -in O -the O -hypophosphite O -or O -phosphite O -concentration O -, O -increases O -in O -turbidity O -, O -cell O -count O -, O -and O -dry O -- O -cell O -weight O -, O -and O -decreases O -in O -pH O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypophosphite O -or O -phosphite O -utilization O -was O -accompanied O -by O -little O -or O -no O -detectable O -accumulation O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -the O -medium O -, O -and O -32P O -- O -labeled O -hypophosphite O -was O -incorporated O -into O -the O -cell O -as O -organic O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -and O -characterization O -of O -a O -manganese O -- O -containing O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -from O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -orthophosphate O -and O -oxalate O -on O -the O -cold O -- O -induced O -release O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -from O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -preparations O -from O -rabbit O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -release O -was O -greatly O -reduced O -or O -completely O -prevented O -by O -the O -inclusion O -of O -oxalate O -or O -inorganic O -orthophosphate O -in O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -pH O -was O -adjusted O -to O -be O -the O -same O -at O -0 O -degrees O -C O -as O -at O -23 O -degrees O -C O -there O -was O -little O -release O -from O -white O -muscle O -preparations O -in O -10 O -mM O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -no O -release O -when O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -20 O -mM O -or O -more O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -oxalate O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -can O -be O -explained O -in O -terms O -of O -the O -reduction O -in O -free O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -inside O -the O -vesicles O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -precipitants O -, O -and O -a O -difference O -in O -the O -temperature O -coefficients O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -inflow O -and O -outflow O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subunit O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -purified O -enzyme O -was O -estimated O -by O -acrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -to O -be O -42 O -, O -000 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -studies O -showed O -that O -the O -substrate O -analogues O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyrrolidone I-Chemical -and O -pyrrolidonecarboxylate O -are O -competitive O -inhibitors O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Lactate B-Chemical -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -actual O -pH O -values O -in O -the O -venous O -blood O -of O -newborn O -calves O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -DNA O -template O -and O -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -hydroxyl I-Chemical -termini O -available O -to O -exogenously O -added O -DNA O -polymerases O -do O -not O -change O -as O -cardiac O -muscle O -differentiates O -and O -the O -rate O -of O -DNA O -synthesis O -decreases O -and O -ceases O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -DNA O -- O -template O -availability O -and O -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -hydroxyl I-Chemical -termini O -, O -however O -, O -were O -substantially O -increased O -in O -nuclei O -and O -chromatin O -from O -cardiac O -muscle O -of O -adult O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -difference O -spectrum O -producted O -by O -methotrexate B-Chemical -binding O -is O -shown O -to O -consist O -of O -three O -components O -: O -( O -a O -) O -one O -closely O -resembling O -that O -observed O -on O -protonation O -of O -methotrexate B-Chemical -, O -reflecting O -an O -increased O -degree O -of O -protonation O -on O -binding O -; O -( O -b O -) O -a O -pH O -- O -independent O -contribution O -corresponding O -to O -a O -40 O -nm O -shift O -to O -longer O -wavelengths O -of O -a O -single O -absorption O -band O -of O -methotrexate B-Chemical -: O -( O -c O -) O -a O -component O -arising O -from O -perturbation O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residue O -( O -s O -) O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -folate B-Chemical -is O -not O -protonated O -when O -bound O -to O -the O -enzyme O -at O -neutral O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -analysis O -of O -the O -difference O -spectra O -generated O -on O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -binding O -demonstrates O -that O -this O -compound O -, O -too O -, O -shows O -an O -increase O -in O -pK O -on O -binding O -but O -only O -from O -7 O -. O -22 O -to O -7 O -. O -90 O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -10 O -) O -, O -suggesting O -that O -its O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -diaminopyrimidine O -ring O -does O -not O -bind O -to O -the O -enzyme O -in O -precisely O -the O -same O -way O -as O -the O -corresponding O -moiety O -of O -methotrexate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -in O -the O -reaction O -of O -papain O -not O -only O -with O -the O -symmetrical O -probe O -but O -also O -with O -the O -unsymmetrical O -probe O -is O -shown O -to O -constitute O -compelling O -evidence O -that O -the O -thiolate O -ion O -component O -of O -the O -cysteine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -25 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -histidine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -159 I-Chemical -interactive O -system O -of O -papain O -possesses O -appreciable O -nucleophilic O -character O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reactivity O -of O -the O -papain O -thiol B-Chemical -group O -towards O -both O -probe O -reagents O -is O -controlled O -by O -two O -ionizations O -with O -pKa O -close O -to O -4 O -that O -are O -positively O -co O -- O -operative O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -property O -, O -together O -with O -the O -ability O -of O -the O -reagent O -markedly O -to O -increase O -its O -electrophilicity O -consequent O -on O -protonation O -, O -suggests O -alkyl O -- O -2 O -- O -pyridyl O -disulphides O -in O -general O -as O -valuable O -two O -- O -protonic O -- O -state O -reactivity O -probes O -with O -exceptional O -specificity O -for O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -compositions O -are O -very O -similar O -, O -both O -being O -high O -in O -aspartic O -acid O -, O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -serine O -, O -glycine B-Chemical -and O -leucine B-Chemical -, O -and O -low O -in O -methionine B-Chemical -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -isoleucine O -and O -histidine O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -are O -not O -inhibited O -by O -EDTA O -, O -Mg2 O -+ O -and O -Ca2 O -+ O -at O -10 O -mM O -concentrations O -, O -but O -their O -activity O -decreases O -on O -addition O -of O -10 O -mM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -or O -Fe2 O -+ O -and O -6 O -- O -aminohexanoate O -or O -sera O -from O -pregnant O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -was O -around O -3 O -, O -and O -activity O -was O -greatly O -enhanced O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -and O -EDTA O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -regulatory O -isozymes O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -Bacillus O -caldolyticus O -, O -an O -extreme O -thermophile O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -on O -nitrogenase O -and O -on O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetases O -I O -and O -II O -in O -Rhizobium O -jaonicum O -61A76 O -. O - -aps B-category -Trace O -amines B-Chemical -and O -alternative O -neurotransmitters O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymatic O -hydrolysis O -of O -bis O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -nitrophenyl O -) O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -bis O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -cyanophenyl O -) O -phosphate B-Chemical -by O -rat O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Phospholipid O -- O -induced O -activation O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -from O -the O -rat O -brainstem O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -that O -influence O -NADPH B-Chemical -kinetic O -estimations O -during O -mixed O -function O -oxidase O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -a O -co O -- O -operative O -interaction O -between O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -NADH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -the O -1 O -, O -4 O -, O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -tetrahydronicotinamide O -analogue O -of O -NADP O -on O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -kinetics O -of O -aminopyrine O -- O -N O -- O -demethylation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -psychopharmacological O -properties O -of O -pinazepam O -, O -a O -new O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivative O -. O - -aps B-category -Pinazepam O -was O -more O -than O -twice O -as O -active O -as O -diazepam B-Chemical -at O -a O -dose O -range O -between O -1 O -. O -25 O -- O -- O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -in O -reducing O -the O -conditioned O -emotional O -response O -( O -CER O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -pinazepam O -nor O -diazepam B-Chemical -disrupted O -the O -conditioned O -responses O -in O -a O -fixed O -- O -interval O -operant O -behaviour O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Wistar O -rats O -and O -humans O -the O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -daily O -iron B-Chemical -loss O -under O -ASA O -is O -significantly O -higher O -( O -almost O -by O -the O -factor O -2 O -) O -than O -that O -under O -benorilate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subjective O -assessments O -of O -sleep O -and O -early O -morning O -hangover O -showed O -mebhydrolin O -and O -clemastine O -to O -be O -free O -from O -detrimental O -side O -effects O -, O -but O -promethazine B-Chemical -and O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -produce O -significant O -impairments O -in O -the O -integrity O -of O -early O -morning O -behaviour O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -light O -general O -anaesthesia O -the O -speed O -of O -onset O -of O -action O -of O -fazadinium O -, O -pancuronium B-Chemical -, O -tubocurarine O -and O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -has O -been O -assessed O -by O -measuring O -the O -decrease O -in O -the O -twitch O -height O -of O -the O -adductor O -pollicis O -muscle O -following O -administration O -of O -the O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -Cardiovascular O -and O -airways O -response O -to O -two O -non O -- O -cardioselective O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -drugs O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -( O -with O -partial O -agonist O -activity O -) O -and O -two O -cardioselective O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -drugs O -, O -acebutolol O -( O -with O -partial O -agonist O -activity O -) O -and O -atenolol B-Chemical -, O -were O -compared O -in O -twelve O -patients O -with O -asthma O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -remaining O -five O -patients O -, O -bronchoconstriction O -was O -greatest O -following O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -mean O -reduction O -in O -FEV1 O -26 O -. O -6 O -% O -) O -and O -least O -following O -atenolol B-Chemical -( O -mean O -reduction O -in O -FEV1 O -6 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Circulatory O -and O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -effects O -of O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -These O -immediate O -circulatory O -effects O -had O -largely O -disappeared O -twenty O -minutes O -after O -administration O -and O -at O -this O -time O -phentolamine B-Chemical -did O -not O -inhibit O -increases O -in O -blood O -pressure O -which O -were O -provoked O -during O -hand O -immersion O -in O -ice O -- O -cold O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -the O -immediate O -and O -short O -acting O -effects O -induced O -by O -phentolamine B-Chemical -are O -due O -to O -a O -non O -- O -specific O -vasodilator O -effect O -but O -in O -addition O -phentolamine B-Chemical -causes O -a O -longer O -acting O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -at O -vascular O -adrenoceptor O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -alprenolol O -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -group O -II O -just O -membrane O -action O -, O -e O -. O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -pindolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -sotalol B-Chemical -, O -timolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pilocarpine B-Chemical -4 O -% O -solutions O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -1 O -and O -5 O -. O -8 O -were O -compared O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -clinical O -trial O -on O -24 O -eyes O -of O -patients O -with O -primary O -open O -- O -angle O -glaucoma O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -c O -) O -A O -marked O -pH O -dependence O -of O -both O -ligand O -affinity O -and O -cooperativity O -is O -maintained O -in O -the O -reconstituted O -Hb O -' O -s O -IV O -: O -at O -pH O -6 O -the O -fractional O -saturation O -with O -oxygen B-Chemical -in O -air O -( O -Root O -effect O -) O -is O -lower O -for O -proto O -- O -than O -for O -meso O -- O -and O -deutero O -- O -Hb O -IV O -. O - -aps B-category -O2 O -- O -and O -O4 O -- O -alkyl O -pyrimidine O -nucleosides B-Chemical -: O -stability O -of O -the O -glycosyl O -bond O -and O -of O -the O -alkyl O -group O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Ribulose O -1 O -, O -5 O -- O -bisphosphate O -carboxylase O -isolated O -from O -Rhodospirillum O -rubrum O -was O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -low O -concentrations O -of O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Concomitant O -with O -inhibition O -of O -enzyme O -activity O -, O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -forms O -a O -Schiff O -base O -with O -the O -enzyme O -which O -is O -reversible O -upon O -dialysis O -and O -reducible O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -borohydride O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -modifies O -a O -lysyl O -residue O -close O -to O -or O -at O -the O -active O -site O -of O -ribulose O -bisphosphate O -carboxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chemical O -shift O -and O -relaxation O -data O -are O -both O -consistent O -with O -the O -immobilization O -of O -the O -carboxylate O -at O -pH O -8 O -and O -its O -approach O -or O -coordination O -to O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combined O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -catalytic O -consequences O -of O -the O -carboxymethylation O -may O -be O -due O -to O -the O -proposed O -zinc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboxylate I-Chemical -coordination O -and O -need O -not O -result O -from O -the O -disruption O -of O -any O -role O -that O -histidine O -- O -200 O -might O -play O -in O -the O -catalytic O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Analogous O -effect O -of O -protons O -and O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -on O -the O -alteration O -of O -structure O -of O -nitrosyl O -fetal O -human O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Spin O -- O -label O -studies O -of O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -environment O -in O -bovine O -plasma O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -established O -that O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -is O -in O -a O -crevice O -approximately O -10 O -A O -deep O -but O -this O -crevice O -was O -not O -identified O -further O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -results O -indicate O -that O -bound O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -do O -not O -influence O -the O -integrity O -of O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -environment O -at O -neutral O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -we O -were O -able O -to O -demonstrate O -that O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -is O -located O -in O -the O -crevice O -which O -opens O -during O -the O -N O -- O -- O -F O -transition O -( O -Cornell O -, O -C O -. O -N O -. O -, O -& O -amp O -; O -Kaplan O -, O -L O -. O -J O -. O - -aps B-category -Lipoxygenation O -activity O -of O -purified O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -forming I-Chemical -cyclooxygenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -ion O -in O -photosystem O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -Chloroplasts O -washed O -with O -Cl O -- O -- O -free O -, O -low B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -media O -( O -pH O -8 O -) O -containing O -EDTA O -, O -show O -virtually O -no O -DCMU O -- O -insensitive O -silicomolybdate O -reduction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -on O -the O -respiratory O -responses O -of O -corn O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extent O -of O -response O -is O -dependent O -upon O -the O -level O -of O -endogenous O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -and O -a O -large O -sustained O -respiratory O -increase O -can O -be O -obtained O -with O -addition O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -appears O -that O -the O -transitory O -respiratory O -increase O -must O -be O -linked O -to O -the O -uptake O -of O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -complex O -, O -but O -there O -is O -no O -evidence O -that O -transport O -of O -the O -complex O -serves O -to O -produce O -an O -electrophoretic O -calcium B-Chemical -uniport O -. O - -aps B-category -Modes O -of O -reduction O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -in O -heterocysts O -isolated O -from O -Anabaena O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -dark O -, O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -and O -DL O -- O -isocitrate O -support O -acetylene O -reduction O -via O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -these O -results O -with O -carboxymethyl O -- O -cellulose O -( O -carboxyl O -) O -and O -azolectin O -( O -phosphate B-Chemical -) O -support O -our O -earlier O -suggestion O -that O -9 O -- O -aminoacridine O -may O -be O -used O -to O -probe O -the O -electrical O -double O -layer O -associated O -with O -negatively O -charged O -biological O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mode O -of O -action O -of O -the O -nucleoside B-Chemical -diphosphates O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -on O -the O -520 O -nm O -signal O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -photoregeneration O -process O -of O -squid O -rhodopsin O -, O -an O -intermediate O -has O -been O -found O -at O -neutral O -pH O -values O -( O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -) O -with O -a O -flash O -light O -( O -lambda O -greater O -than O -540 O -nm O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -stimulation O -can O -be O -seen O -in O -presence O -of O -1 O -mM O -H O -+ O -or O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -amiloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -between O -the O -uranyl O -effect O -and O -similar O -effects O -of O -the O -other O -drugs O -leads O -to O -the O -conclusion O -that O -uranyl O -ions O -might O -act O -in O -a O -polar O -hydrophobic O -environment O -, O -possibly O -by O -combining O -with O -phosphate B-Chemical -groups O -( O -of O -phospholipids O -) O -, O -and O -, O -thus O -, O -enhancing O -Na O -+ O -permeability O -by O -changes O -in O -tertiary O -structure O -near O -each O -Na O -channel O -. O - -aps B-category -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffers O -. O - -aps B-category -Transfer O -of O -anionic O -liposomes O -prepared O -at O -a O -given O -pH O -to O -a O -solution O -of O -different O -pH O -resulted O -in O -a O -pH O -gradient O -if O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -or O -borate O -were O -used O -as O -buffers O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -between O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -P O -- O -450 O -reductase O -and O -hepatic O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enhancement O -can O -be O -observed O -with O -microsomes O -prepared O -from O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -or O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -, O -or O -non O -- O -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -result O -is O -consistent O -with O -a O -non O -- O -rigid O -model O -for O -the O -organization O -of O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -P O -- O -450 O -reductase O -in O -the O -microsomal O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1 O -) O -( O -DL O -) O -- B-Chemical -Propranolol I-Chemical -and O -Ca2 O -+ O -are O -shown O -to O -alter O -the O -transmembrane O -potential O -difference O -of O -Ehrlich O -ascites O -tumor O -cells O -as O -measured O -by O -means O -of O -the O -cyanine O -dye O -, O -3 O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -dipropyl O -- O -2 O -, O -2 O -' O -- O -thiodicarbocyanine O -iodide O -, O -whose O -fluorescent O -intensity O -changes O -as O -a O -function O -of O -membrane O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -initial O -rate O -of O -uptake O -is O -stimulated O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -at O -low O -K O -+ O -o O -and O -inhibited O -at O -high O -K O -+ O -o O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -4 O -) O -ATP O -depletion O -of O -the O -cells O -by O -preincubation O -with O -rotenone O -abolishes O -the O -changes O -in O -fluorescence O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -uptake O -seen O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -as O -a O -function O -of O -K O -+ O -o O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -5 O -) O -The O -fluorescence O -changes O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -changes O -in O -response O -to O -propranolol B-Chemical -are O -pH O -dependent O -, O -with O -little O -effect O -seen O -at O -pH6 O -. O - -aps B-category -inositol B-Chemical -phosphatide O -complexes O -and O -the O -transport O -of O -digestive O -enzyme O -across O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -this O -ionic O -strength O -the O -secondary O -structure O -of O -double O -- O -stranded O -RNA O -is O -maintained O -, O -as O -judged O -by O -the O -following O -: O -( O -a O -) O -the O -unchanged O -resistance O -of O -double O -- O -stranded O -RNA O -and O -DNA O -, O -under O -similar O -low O -ionic O -strength O -conditions O -, O -to O -nuclease O -S1 O -from O -Aspergillus O -oryzae O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -corresponding O -denatured O -nucleic O -acids O -to O -this O -enzyme O -, O -specific O -for O -single O -- O -stranded O -RNA O -and O -DNA O -; O -( O -b O -) O -the O -co O -- O -operative O -pattern O -of O -the O -thermal O -- O -transition O -profile O -of O -double O -- O -stranded O -RNA O -( O -with O -a O -Tm O -of O -89 O -degrees O -C O -) O -in O -0 O -. O -1 O -X O -SSC O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -purified O -form O -moved O -as O -a O -single O -band O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -electrophoresis O -and O -in O -immunological O -tests O -and O -has O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -11 O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimum O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -obtained O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -and O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -enzyme O -demonstrated O -no O -cold O -sensitivity O -but O -rather O -was O -more O -stable O -at O -4 O -degrees O -C O -than O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -protection O -with O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -though O -minimal O -compared O -to O -other O -systems O -, O -was O -more O -effective O -at O -the O -higher O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurospora O -crassa O -wild O -type O -STA4 O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrate I-Chemical -reductase O -( O -NADPH B-Chemical -: O -nitrate B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -6 O -. O -6 O -. O -3 O -) O -has O -been O -purified O -5000 O -- O -fold O -with O -an O -overall O -yield O -of O -25 O -- O -- O -50 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -yielded O -1 O -major O -and O -1 O -minor O -protein O -band O -and O -both O -bands O -exhibited O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrate I-Chemical -and O -reduced O -methyl O -viologen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrate I-Chemical -reductase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Purified O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrate I-Chemical -reductase O -contained O -1 O -mol O -of O -molybdenum O -and O -2 O -mol O -of O -cytochrome O -b557 O -per O -mol O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -proposed O -that O -the O -Neurospora O -assimilatory O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrate I-Chemical -reductase O -consists O -of O -2 O -similar O -cytochrome O -b557 O -- O -containing O -4 O -. O -5 O -- O -S O -subunits O -linked O -together O -by O -one O -molybdenum O -cofactor O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -pattern O -of O -p O -- O -hydroxymercuribenzoate O -and O -phenylglyoxal O -revealed O -accessible O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -and O -arginyl O -residue O -( O -s O -) O -as O -functional O -group O -( O -s O -) O -in O -the O -earlier O -part O -of O -electron O -transport O -chain O -as O -possibly O -the O -binding O -site O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -or O -FAD O -. O - -aps B-category -Carboxypeptidase O -N O -was O -partially O -purified O -on O -a O -TEAE O -- O -cellulose O -column O -and O -subjected O -to O -isoelectric O -focusing O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -columns O -containing O -ampholine O -gradients O -of O -pH O -range O -3 O -- O -10 O -and O -4 O -- O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -thiol B-Chemical -inhibitors O -on O -hepatic O -guanylate O -cylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -potency O -of O -the O -thiol B-Chemical -blockers O -as O -inhibitors O -was O -CdCl2 O -greater O -than O -p O -- O -hydroxymercuribenzoate O -greater O -than O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -greater O -than O -arsenite O -greater O -than O -iodoacetamide O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -several O -reasons O -inhibition O -by O -thiol B-Chemical -blockers O -appeared O -to O -be O -mediated O -through O -multiple O -mechanisms O -and O -/ O -or O -sites O -of O -interaction O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -Concentrations O -of O -the O -thiol B-Chemical -inhibitors O -which O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -basal O -activity O -strikingly O -inhibited O -the O -responsiveness O -of O -the O -enzyme O -to O -a O -submaximal O -concentration O -of O -MNNG O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -data O -not O -only O -indicate O -that O -vicinal O -dithiol O -groups O -are O -required O -for O -expression O -of O -basal O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -and O -enzyme O -responses O -to O -agonists O -, O -but O -strongly O -suggest O -the O -involvement O -of O -more O -than O -one O -interacting O -site O -containing O -free O -thiol B-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -fact O -, O -together O -with O -the O -increase O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -observed O -at O -acid O -pH O -values O -, O -may O -be O -related O -to O -an O -enhanced O -dissociation O -of O -the O -molecule O -into O -dimers O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -Bohr O -group O -salt B-Chemical -bridges O -in O -cooperativity O -in O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -former O -can O -be O -eliminated O -by O -treatment O -with O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -the O -latter O -by O -measuring O -the O -concentration O -- O -dependence O -of O -K1 O -or O -working O -at O -high O -protein O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -shows O -that O -the O -breakage O -of O -the O -Bohr O -group O -salt B-Chemical -bridges O -by O -increasing O -pH O -or O -specific O -modification O -changes O -KT O -. O - -aps B-category -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -, O -pyrimethamine O -, O -or O -Methotrexate B-Chemical -binding O -causes O -small O -changes O -in O -the O -enzyme O -far O -ultraviolet O -CD O -which O -possibly O -arise O -from O -alterations O -in O -polypeptide O -backbone O -of O -the O -enzyme O -; O -however O -, O -their O -effects O -on O -enzyme O -far O -ultraviolet O -CD O -are O -also O -explained O -as O -the O -result O -of O -ligand O -interactions O -with O -enzyme O -aromatic O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Binary O -complexes O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -or O -Methotrexate B-Chemical -stabilize O -the O -enzyme O -towards O -this O -heat O -denaturation O -, O -whereas O -bound O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -and O -pyrimethamine O -do O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluorescence O -- O -temperature O -and O -fluorescence O -polarization O -studies O -show O -that O -near O -30 O -degrees O -C O -the O -enzyme O -undergoes O -a O -reversible O -transition O -that O -is O -modified O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -or O -methotrexate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -neutral O -lipid O -accumulation O -in O -myo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inositol I-Chemical -deficient O -Saccharomyces O -carlsbergensis O -results O -at O -least O -partly O -from O -an O -enhancement O -of O -acetyl O -CoA O -carboxylase O -activity O -due O -to O -the O -high O -level O -of O -fructose O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -biphosphate O -which O -activates O -acetyl O -CoA O -carboxylase O -, O -and O -due O -to O -the O -low O -level O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -which O -counteracts O -the O -activation O -[ O -4 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -phosphofructokinase O -and O -ATP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -lyase O -increased O -by O -74 O -and O -83 O -% O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thermostability O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -at O -52 O -degrees O -C O -) O -was O -also O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -dependence O -of O -the O -initial O -uptake O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -by O -rat O -whole O -brain O -synaptosomes O -was O -studied O -using O -short O -incubation O -times O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -in O -order O -to O -examine O -the O -possible O -involvement O -of O -the O -phenolic O -OH O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amine B-Chemical -and O -phenolic O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -groups O -in O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -were O -studied O -separately O -by O -employing O -two O -series O -of O -compounds O -structurally O -related O -to O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -and O -catechol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -, O -for O -their O -inhibitory O -effects O -on O -the O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Properties O -of O -the O -high O -energy O -phosphate B-Chemical -bonds O -of O -triphosphoinositide O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -triphosphoinositide O -hydrolysis O -takes O -place O -in O -1 O -% O -aqueous O -pyridine O -solution O -at O -100 O -degrees O -C O -. O -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -diphosphoinositide O -and O -monophosphoinositide O -, O -infrared O -spectra O -of O -triphosphoinositide O -have O -an O -additional O -absorption O -band O -at O -930 O -cm O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Indirect O -immunoprecipitation O -by O -rat O -liver O -polyribosomes O -using O -antibodies O -to O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Light O -activation O -of O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -light O -excitation O -the O -redox O -potentials O -of O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -were O -increased O -up O -to O -the O -level O -exceeding O -the O -potential O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -electrode O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -evolution O -could O -be O -sensitised O -towards O -the O -visible O -region O -of O -the O -spectrum O -by O -chlorophyll O -or O -chloroplasts O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -also O -shown O -that O -all O -components O -of O -nucleotides O -( O -base O -, O -ribose O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -) O -take O -part O -in O -the O -formation O -of O -such O -complex O -and O -the O -removal O -of O -one O -of O -them O -( O -base O -or O -phosphate B-Chemical -) O -lead B-Chemical -to O -loosening O -of O -bindings O -of O -remaining O -fragments O -( O -ribose O -- O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -, O -adenine O -) O -with O -the O -active O -site O -of O -RNAse O -, O -and O -to O -disappearance O -of O -bends O -within O -the O -pH O -range O -of O -3 O -. O -0 O -- O -4 O -. O -0 O -on O -the O -plot O -of O -pKi O -( O -5 O -' O -- O -MP O -) O -versus O -pH O -, O -within O -the O -pH O -range O -of O -5 O -. O -5 O -- O -7 O -. O -0 O -on O -the O -plot O -of O -oKi O -( O -Ado O -) O -versus O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Irreversible O -inactivation O -of O -Chlorella O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -by O -urea B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Urea O -is O -found O -to O -inhibit O -the O -activity O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -, O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -being O -independent O -on O -the O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Substrates O -and O -cofactors O -do O -not O -protect O -the O -enzyme O -from O -the O -effect O -of O -urea B-Chemical -and O -do O -not O -stimulate O -the O -emzyme O -reactivation O -and O -reaggregation O -after O -its O -dissotiation O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Subcellular O -distribution O -and O -several O -properties O -of O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -enzyme O -system O -of O -phototrophic O -bacteria O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -rubrum O -differ O -in O -their O -ratios O -to O -the O -concentrations O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -and O -bivalent O -metals O -; O -the O -latter O -difference O -, O -however O -, O -may O -be O -accounted O -for O -by O -the O -effect O -of O -a O -protein O -modulator O -of O -PDE O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -increasing O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -subphase O -stepwise O -over O -the O -range O -7 O -. O -1 O -- O -7 O -. O -7 O -produced O -a O -modest O -fall O -in O -the O -maximum O -pressures O -exerted O -by O -the O -films O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -was O -made O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -a O -3 O -- O -hour O -incubation O -with O -inosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyruvate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -IPP O -) O -on O -the O -P50 O -values O -and O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -contents O -of O -fresh O -blood O -and O -blood O -which O -had O -stood O -for O -96 O -h O -, O -from O -healthy O -adults O -, O -term O -neonates O -, O -1 O -- O -2 O -- O -week O -- O -old O -symptom O -- O -free O -premature O -infants O -and O -RDS O -premature O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -polyanion O -on O -chromatin O -preparations O -obtained O -in O -solutions O -of O -low O -ionic O -strength O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -the O -DNA O -and O -RNA O -synthesis O -in O -the O -eucaryotic O -cells O -, O -their O -nuclei O -and O -chromatin O -under O -the O -effect O -of O -low O -heparin B-Chemical -doses O -should O -be O -associated O -not O -with O -the O -H1 O -histone O -dissociation O -, O -but O -with O -the O -dissociation O -of O -histones O -moderately O -rich O -in O -lysine O -- O -- O -H2a O -, O -and O -, O -probably O -, O -H2b O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -adenyl O -cyclase O -, O -and O -cyclic O -AMP O -phosphodiesterase O -in O -chick O -liver O -at O -the O -early O -and O -late O -embryonic O -stages O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Oxypertine O -( O -8 O -. O -8 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -9 O -) O -M O -to O -2 O -. O -6 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -antagonized O -the O -effects O -of O -low O -concentrations O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -enhanced O -the O -contractions O -elicited O -by O -high O -concentrations O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -These O -findings O -are O -compared O -with O -the O -effects O -of O -other O -antidepressant B-Chemical -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -in O -pulmonary O -mechanics O -were O -not O -inhibited O -by O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -, O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -or O -mepyramine O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Doses O -of O -antigen O -which O -produced O -pathophysiological O -pulmonary O -responses O -failed O -to O -produce O -a O -detectable O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -the O -cardiopulmonary O -system O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -The O -canine O -cardiopulmonary O -system O -showed O -only O -a O -modest O -ability O -to O -remove O -and O -/ O -or O -degrade O -circulating O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -receptors O -mediating O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -platelet O -aggregation O -, O -assessed O -by O -the O -actions O -of O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -blockers O -, O -butyrophenones O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -antagonists O -and O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -The O -effects O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -antagonists O -, O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agents O -, O -butyrophenones O -and O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -upon O -aggregation O -induced O -by O -the O -four O -amines B-Chemical -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -Evidence O -was O -obtained O -for O -two O -populations O -of O -receptors O -, O -one O -for O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -one O -for O -the O -three O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -Labetalol B-Chemical -( O -AH O -5158A O -) O -inhibited O -the O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -of O -rat O -liver O -and O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -Labetalol B-Chemical -displaced O -the O -binding O -of O -the O -specific O -ligands O -[ B-Chemical -3H I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroergocryptine I-Chemical -and O -( O -- O -) O -- O -[ O -3H O -] O -- O -dihydroalprenolol O -from O -their O -respective O -alpha O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -in O -rat O -heart O -and O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -appeared O -to O -be O -10 O -to O -100 O -times O -less O -potent O -than O -phentolamine B-Chemical -in O -blocking O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -and O -5 O -to O -10 O -times O -less O -potent O -than O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -blocking O -beta O -- O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Maintenance O -of O -remission O -in O -ulcerative O -colitis O -with O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -or O -a O -high O -- O -fibre O -diet O -: O -a O -clinical O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prevalence O -of O -resistance O -to O -tetracycline B-Chemical -was O -lower O -than O -that O -found O -in O -a O -similar O -study O -performed O -in O -1975 O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -two O -strains O -were O -resistant O -to O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -and O -two O -to O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -variation O -was O -seen O -in O -the O -resistance O -rate O -of O -both O -H O -influenzae O -and O -Str O -pneumoniae O -to O -tetracycline B-Chemical -in O -strains O -from O -different O -centres O -, O -but O -too O -few O -were O -isolated O -to O -assess O -whether O -this O -represented O -a O -true O -geographical O -difference O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Nycthemeral O -plasma O -and O -testicular O -androgen B-Chemical -contents O -in O -guinea O -pigs O -at O -puberty O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -of O -humic O -acids O -by O -mycelia O -of O -Aspergillus O -niger O -was O -demonstrated O -to O -be O -energy O -- O -dependent O -with O -a O -sensitivity O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -azide O -and O -to O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dinitrophenol O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -compared O -with O -other O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analogs O -, O -the O -order O -of O -fungitoxicity O -on O -a O -weight O -basis O -is O -2 O -- O -alkynoic O -acids O -greater O -than O -2 O -- O -alkenoic O -acids O -greater O -than O -alkanoic O -acids O -greater O -than O -2 O -- O -bromoalkanoic O -acids O -greater O -than O -2 O -- O -fluoroalkanoic O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -Judging O -from O -the O -extensive O -prescribing O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -and O -chloral O -hydrate O -, O -commonly O -used O -hypnotics O -, O -the O -main O -reason O -psychoactive O -drugs O -were O -prescribed O -was O -to O -provide O -night O -- O -time O -sedation O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -pharmacology O -and O -therapeutics O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -available O -in O -Canada O -are O -similar O -structurally O -and O -in O -their O -pharmacologic O -actions O -. O - -aps B-category -Barbiturates O -should O -not O -be O -prescribed O -for O -these O -problems O -since O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -are O -just O -as O -effective O -and O -are O -safer O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -and O -chlordiazepoxide O -should O -not O -be O -given O -intramuscularly O -. O - -aps B-category -Assayed O -with O -yeast O -RNA O -as O -substrate O -, O -the O -enzyme O -showed O -the O -maximal O -activity O -at O -about O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -the O -activity O -by O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -is O -also O -lost O -during O -purification O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymes O -from O -these O -two O -sources O -are O -very O -similar O -with O -respect O -to O -initial O -velocity O -kinetic O -constants O -, O -pH O -optima O -of O -the O -transpeptidation O -and O -autotransfer O -reactions O -, O -heat O -stability O -, O -competitive O -inhibition O -by O -glutathione B-Chemical -of O -the O -colorimetric O -assay O -in O -which O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -4 O -- O -nitroanilide O -is O -substrate O -, O -stability O -of O -catalytic O -activity O -to O -trypsinization O -, O -and O -relative O -rates O -of O -transfer O -of O -the O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -moiety O -from O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -4 O -- O -nitroanilide O -and O -L O -- O -[ O -glycine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -/ O -] O -glutathione B-Chemical -to O -some O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -small O -peptides O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -inhibited O -by O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -but O -insensitive O -to O -eserine B-Chemical -or O -p O -- O -chloromercuriphenylsulfonate O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -radioimmunoassay O -( O -RIA O -) O -for O -plasma O -cortisol B-Chemical -is O -described O -which O -combines O -the O -advantages O -of O -( O -i O -) O -direct O -analysis O -of O -untreated O -plasma O -samples O -, O -( O -ii O -) O -use O -of O -solid O -- O -coupled O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cortisol I-Chemical -antibodies O -and O -( O -iii O -) O -use O -of O -a O -gamma O -- O -labelled O -radioligand O -. O - -aps B-category -RIA O -results O -on O -samples O -collected O -under O -basal O -conditions O -were O -on O -average O -40 O -nmol O -/ O -l O -lower O -than O -fluorimetric O -results O -, O -while O -in O -insulin O -hypoglycaemia O -and O -synacthen O -( O -ACTH B-Chemical -) O -stimulation O -tests O -, O -this O -difference O -increased O -to O -over O -100 O -nmol O -/ O -l O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -was O -also O -determined O -by O -an O -automated O -column O -chromatographic O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -supernatant O -diluted O -by O -perchloric O -acid O -, O -ultrafiltrates O -gave O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -data O -equivalent O -to O -those O -by O -column O -chromatography O -, O -since O -conditions O -of O -reaction O -time O -and O -pH O -value O -could O -be O -kept O -identical O -for O -blank O -, O -standard O -and O -ultrafiltrate O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -Therapeutic O -concentrations O -of O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -ASA O -) O -have O -strikingly O -inhibited O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -mitogen O -- O -and O -antigen O -- O -induced O -blastogenesis O -by O -human O -lymphocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -or O -intraventricular O -phentolamine B-Chemical -( O -200 O -microgram O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -( O -8 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -quickly O -and O -effectively O -reduced O -the O -incidence O -of O -withdrawal O -symptoms O -in O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -dependent O -C57BL O -/ O -6J O -male O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Chlorpromazine O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -were O -approximately O -equally O -potent O -in O -their O -effects O -; O -this O -would O -suggest O -that O -their O -antidopaminergic O -effects O -were O -not O -the O -primary O -mechanism O -of O -action O -for O -the O -increased O -incidence O -of O -withdrawal O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Distribution O -of O -troponin O -C O -and O -protein O -activator O -of O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -cyclic I-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -in O -vertebrate O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -in O -red O -- O -tailed O -hawks O -( O -Buteo O -jamaicensis O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -on O -the O -behaviour O -of O -decerebrate O -domestic O -chicks O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -cholinergic O -antagonists O -on O -the O -effect O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -, O -nicotine B-Chemical -and O -benzoylcholine B-Chemical -applied O -iontophoretically O -onto O -two O -identified O -neurones O -in O -the O -brain O -of O -Helix O -aspersa O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -was O -carried O -out O -in O -30 O -patients O -with O -peptic O -ulcers O -to O -assess O -the O -effects O -of O -treatment O -with O -a O -gastrin O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -proglumide O -, O -compared O -with O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -blocker O -, O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -treated O -with O -cimetidine B-Chemical -there O -was O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -blood O -gastrin O -levels O -and O -marked O -hypertrophy O -and O -hyperplasia O -of O -the O -antral O -mucosa O -was O -observed O -in O -almost O -all O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -preliminary O -, O -single O -- O -blind O -, O -dose O -- O -ranging O -study O -was O -carried O -out O -in O -30 O -patients O -with O -essential O -hypertension O -to O -assess O -the O -efficacy O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agent O -without O -intrinsic O -sympathomimetic O -action O -and O -with O -an O -extremely O -long O -plasma O -half O -- O -life O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -showed O -that O -at O -the O -end O -of O -the O -trial O -period O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -reduction O -in O -both O -systolic O -and O -diastolic O -blood O -pressure O -( O -approximately O -34 O -/ O -21 O -mmHg O -) O -at O -an O -average O -daily O -dose O -of O -110 O -mg O -nadolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -was O -carried O -out O -in O -24 O -patients O -with O -stable O -angina O -pectoris O -to O -compare O -the O -efficacy O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonist O -, O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -daily O -dosage O -for O -nadolol B-Chemical -was O -100 O -mg O -, O -and O -112 O -mg O -for O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -various O -therapies O -have O -been O -used O -, O -an O -aggressive O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -regimen O -is O -the O -preferred O -mode O -of O -treatment O -at O -the O -current O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -sulfone O -metabolites O -from O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -and O -perazine O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Cl O -- O -free O -analogue O -, O -gamma O -- O -( O -phenothiazinyl O -- O -10 O -) O -- O -propylamine O -sulfone O -, O -was O -excreted O -by O -patients O -receiving O -perazine O -and O -by O -a O -volunteer O -after O -ingestion O -of O -the O -primary O -amine B-Chemical -sulfoxide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increased O -bile O -production O -was O -of O -canalicular O -origin O -and O -was O -due O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -both O -the O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -and O -independent O -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -Levodopa B-Chemical -pharmacokinetics O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -levodopa B-Chemical -decay O -curves O -appeared O -to O -be O -triexponential O -up O -to O -6 O -hr O -after O -single O -intravenous O -injections O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -in O -rats O -, O -rabbits O -, O -and O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -benserazide B-Chemical -decreased O -both O -total O -plasma O -clearance O -and O -apparent O -volume O -of O -distribution O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -, O -but O -did O -not O -change O -the O -rate O -constant O -of O -the O -terminal O -phase O -of O -the O -plasma O -levodopa B-Chemical -decay O -curve O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -2 O -- O -( O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bromobenzoyl I-Chemical -) O -pyridine O -, O -a O -metabolite O -of O -bromazepam O -, O -in O -the O -rabbit O -, O -rat O -, O -and O -guinea O -pig O -. O - -aps B-category -ABBP O -reduction O -was O -catalyzed O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -enzymes O -occurring O -in O -rabbit O -liver O -cytoplasm O -, O -and O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -, O -and O -guinea O -pig O -liver O -cytoplasm O -and O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -and O -its O -main O -metabolites O -were O -found O -among O -the O -biotransformation O -products O -of O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -Microsomal O -mixed O -- O -function O -amine B-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidation O -products O -of O -fluphenazide O -, O -thioproperazine O -, O -and O -trifluoperazine O -obtained O -in O -reactions O -catalyzed O -by O -homogeneous O -preparations O -of O -the O -microsomal O -mixed O -- O -function O -amine B-Chemical -oxidase O -have O -been O -isolated O -and O -identified O -. O - -aps B-category -Nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -spectra O -of O -the O -isolated O -products O -indicated O -that O -with O -all O -three O -substrates O -the O -enzyme O -preferentially O -catalyzes O -N O -- O -oxidation O -of O -the O -piperazine B-Chemical -nitrogen B-Chemical -furthest O -from O -the O -phenothiazine O -nitrogen B-Chemical -atom O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentrations O -of O -piperazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -substituted I-Chemical -phenothiazines B-Chemical -required O -to O -half O -- O -saturate O -the O -amine B-Chemical -oxidase O -were O -in O -the O -micromolar O -range O -and O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -3 O -and O -37 O -degrees O -C O -, O -all O -those O -tested O -were O -oxidized O -at O -approximately O -2 O -mumol O -/ O -min O -/ O -mg O -of O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Postnatal O -development O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -metabolic O -activity O -in O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -microsomal O -suspensions O -from O -pregnant O -and O -nonpregnant O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -were O -assayed O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -metabolism O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -to O -the O -hydroxylated O -products O -, O -5 O -- O -( O -rho O -- O -hydroxyphenyl O -) O -- O -5 O -- O -phenylhydantoin O -( O -rhoHPPH O -) O -and O -5 O -- O -( O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydroxy O -- O -1 O -, O -5 O -- O -cyclohexadien O -- O -1 O -- O -yl O -) O -5 O -- O -phenylhydantoin O -( O -H2DIOL O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Folic O -acid O -treatment O -during O -pregnancy O -prevented O -the O -decrease O -in O -phenytoin B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -specific O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Folic O -acid O -may O -play O -a O -role O -in O -pregnancy O -- O -associated O -changes O -in O -phenytoin B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -pretreatment O -with O -inducers O -and O -inhibitors O -of O -the O -mixed O -- O -function O -oxidase O -system O -and O -with O -agents O -that O -deplete O -liver O -glutathione B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -one O -fraction O -indicated O -the O -presence O -of O -traces O -of O -S O -- O -( O -3 O -, O -5 O -- O -di O -- O -( O -1 O -- O -[ O -13C O -] O -methyl O -- O -1 O -- O -methylethyl O -- O -4 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -benzyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylcysteine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolism O -of O -the O -polyvalent O -saluretic O -agent O -( O -2 O -- O -cyclopentyl O -- O -6 O -, O -7 O -- O -dichloro O -- O -2 O -- O -methyl O -- O -1 O -- O -oxo O -- O -5 O -- O -indanyloxy O -) O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -chimpanzee O -and O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -excretion O -of O -the O -metabolites O -coincided O -with O -maximal O -excretion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -chloride B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -aim O -of O -developing O -anticancer O -compounds O -which O -overcome O -some O -of O -the O -clinical O -limitations O -of O -the O -polar O -dihydrofolate O -reductase O -inhibitor O -, O -methotrexate B-Chemical -, O -the O -physicochemical O -properties O -, O -kinetics O -, O -and O -metabolism O -of O -a O -series O -of O -lipid O -- O -soluble O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -diamino O -- O -5 O -- O -phenylpyrimidine O -folate B-Chemical -antagonists O -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Therapeutic O -differences O -between O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -phenylalanine O -, O -NaCl B-Chemical -and O -pH O -on O -the O -conformation O -of O -chorismate O -mutase O -/ O -prephenate O -dehydratase O -have O -been O -investigated O -, O -using O -measurements O -of O -far O -and O -near O -- O -ultraviolet O -circular O -dichroic O -spectra O -and O -ultraviolet O -difference O -spectra O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -phenylalanine O -and O -NaCl B-Chemical -caused O -significant O -changes O -in O -the O -conformation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -also O -a O -slight O -perturbation O -of O -this O -tryptophan B-Chemical -when O -the O -pH O -was O -decreased O -to O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -enzyme O -concentration O -, O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -temperature O -and O -pH O -on O -the O -binding O -of O -phenylalanine O -have O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Multi O -- O -enzyme O -complex O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -carbamoyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthetase O -with O -aspartate B-Chemical -carbamoyltransferase O -and O -dihydroorotase O -from O -rat O -ascites O -- O -hepatoma O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Messenger O -RNA O -activities O -for O -two O -cortisol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inducible I-Chemical -enzymes O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -oxygenase O -, O -have O -been O -determined O -by O -translation O -in O -a O -wheat O -germ O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Cortisol O -leads O -to O -an O -increase O -of O -the O -translatable O -mRNAs O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -oxygenase O -with O -a O -maximum O -at O -approximately O -6 O -h O -. O -Cycloheximide O -was O -administered O -4 O -h O -after O -treatment O -with O -cortisol B-Chemical -; O -2 O -h O -later O -, O -the O -activities O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -oxygenase O -mRNA O -had O -increased O -five O -- O -fold O -and O -two O -- O -fold O -, O -respectively O -, O -compared O -to O -the O -activities O -reached O -with O -cortisol B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Application O -of O -alpha O -- O -amanitin O -together O -with O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -did O -not O -prevent O -an O -increased O -accumulation O -of O -specific O -translatable O -mRNAs O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -tryptophan B-Chemical -oxygenase O -activity O -rapidly O -declined O -after O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -application O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -remained O -at O -the O -same O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Analogous O -reactions O -with O -myoglobin O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -previously O -described O -myoglobin O -- O -Fe O -( O -II O -) O -- O -nitrosobenzene O -complex O -which O -has O -similar O -properties O -to O -those O -of O -the O -454 O -- O -nm O -- O -absorbing O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -minor O -increase O -in O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -content O -but O -no O -change O -in O -dopamine B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -also O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -from O -tryptophane O -in O -vitro O -in O -rat O -cortical O -slices O -was O -reduced O -by O -about O -35 O -% O -whereas O -the O -formation O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -in O -the O -same O -slices O -was O -increased O -with O -about O -60 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -suggest O -that O -changes O -in O -brain O -serotonin B-Chemical -metabolism O -and O -brain O -serotonin B-Chemical -neurons O -may O -be O -an O -explanation O -of O -hepatic O -encephalopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -binding O -was O -highly O -stereospecific O -for O -the O -L O -- O -stereoisomer O -since O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -was O -two O -orders O -of O -magnitude O -more O -potent O -than O -the O -D O -- O -isomer O -in O -competing O -for O -these O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dissociation O -constant O -for O -binding O -of O -IIP O -was O -4 O -- O -- O -5 O -nM O -as O -measured O -either O -by O -direct O -binding O -studies O -or O -by O -its O -inhibition O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -stimulated O -adenylate O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -evidence O -that O -the O -dorsal O -raphe O -nucleus O -( O -DR O -) O -has O -specific O -and O -independent O -receptors O -for O -5HT O -, O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -glycine B-Chemical -( O -Gallager O -and O -Aghajanian O -, O -1976 O -; O -Wang O -and O -Aghajanian O -, O -1977 O -) O -, O -alterations O -in O -the O -firing O -rate O -of O -DR O -neurons O -following O -the O -administration O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -( O -BZ O -) O -were O -evaluated O -to O -determine O -whether O -they O -were O -the O -result O -of O -a O -direct O -interaction O -with O -5HT O -receptors O -or O -due O -to O -interactions O -of O -these O -drugs O -with O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -glycine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -, O -5 O -- O -Dimethoxy O -- O -4 O -- O -methylamphetamine O -( O -DOM O -) O -- O -a O -central O -component O -of O -its O -cardiovascular O -effects O -in O -rats O -; O -involvement O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Central O -but O -not O -peripheral O -administration O -of O -the O -serotonin B-Chemical -antagonist O -BOL O -reduces O -the O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Tachyphylaxis O -may O -be O -the O -result O -of O -irreversible O -binding O -of O -DOM O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -receptors O -or O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -receptor O -densensitization O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -experiments O -reported O -here O -investigated O -the O -effect O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -( O -CPZ O -) O -alone O -or O -after O -inhibition O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -( O -CA O -) O -synthesis O -on O -paradoxical O -sleep O -( O -PS O -) O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -decrease O -was O -greater O -after O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -inhibition O -than O -after O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -mechanism O -of O -the O -vasodilator O -effects O -of O -prazosin B-Chemical -in O -dogs O -and O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -papaverine B-Chemical -, O -prazosin B-Chemical -failed O -to O -produce O -the O -same O -effect O -in O -dogs O -under O -spinal O -anaesthesia O -even O -when O -the O -intrinsic O -femoral O -vascular O -tone O -was O -increased O -with O -vasopressin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -reduction O -of O -both O -aortic O -blood O -pressure O -and O -pressor O -response O -to O -bilateral O -carotid O -artery O -occlusion O -was O -noted O -in O -a O -group O -of O -normotensive O -dogs O -anaesthetised O -12 O -h O -after O -the O -last O -dose O -of O -prazosin B-Chemical -given O -twice O -daily O -at O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -p O -. O -o O -. O -, O -for O -3 O -day O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -injections O -of O -several O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonists O -and O -electrical O -stimulation O -of O -the O -lumbar O -sympathetic O -chain O -was O -observed O -in O -prazosin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -vasoconstrictor O -response O -to O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -was O -not O -changed O -by O -prazosin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -papaverine B-Chemical -, O -prazosin B-Chemical -in O -concentrations O -up O -to O -100 O -. O -0 O -micrometer O -neither O -relaxed O -the O -aortic O -strips O -contracted O -by O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -nor O -modified O -the O -concentration O -- O -response O -curve O -to O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -evidence O -for O -a O -direct O -myorelaxant O -property O -of O -prazosin B-Chemical -could O -be O -obtained O -in O -these O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -guanosine B-Chemical -on O -chronotropism O -and O -inotropism O -in O -isolated O -dog O -atria O -were O -studied O -in O -spontaneously O -beating O -preparations O -which O -were O -suspended O -in O -a O -bath O -perfused O -with O -arterial O -blood O -from O -a O -carotid O -artery O -of O -a O -heparinized O -support O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -results O -, O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -guanosine B-Chemical -has O -a O -direct O -effect O -on O -atrial O -rate O -and O -contractility O -. O - -aps B-category -Spleen O -and O -lymph O -node O -cells O -from O -DBA O -/ O -2 O -( O -H O -- O -2d O -) O -donor O -mice O -treated O -with O -multiple O -injections O -of O -bacterial O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -( O -LPS O -) O -were O -tested O -in O -vivo O -for O -reactivity O -against O -normal O -tissues O -of O -host O -AKR O -( O -H O -- O -2k O -) O -mice O -against O -an O -AKR O -long O -- O -passage O -, O -acute O -lymphoblastic O -leukemia O -( O -BW5147 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -tropaphene O -and O -fentolamin O -on O -the O -spasmogenic O -effects O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -other O -biologically O -active O -substances O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -tropaphen O -is O -more O -active O -that O -phenolamine O -by O -its O -inhibiting O -influence O -on O -the O -spasmogenous O -effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -angiotensin B-Chemical -, O -bradykinine O -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -content O -of O -ATP O -, O -ADP O -, O -AMP O -, O -inorganic O -phosphorus B-Chemical -glycogen O -and O -also O -active O -P32 O -incorporation O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -preliminary O -introduction O -of O -the O -drug O -izm O -- O -611 O -by O -blocking O -central O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreseptors O -at O -the O -same O -time O -prevented O -depletion O -of O -the O -tissular O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -reserves O -and O -development O -of O -disturbances O -of O -the O -energy O -exchange O -in O -the O -myocardium O -caused O -by O -its O -neurogenic O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -Tests O -conducted O -on O -albino O -male O -- O -rats O -demonstrated O -that O -with O -its O -intragastric O -administration O -in O -a O -dose O -of O -3 O -g O -/ O -kg O -ethanol B-Chemical -produces O -a O -hypoxy O -- O -like O -situation O -in O -the O -organism O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -four O -hours O -after O -a O -single O -administration O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -the O -activity O -of O -all O -the O -study O -liver O -enzymes O -declines O -with O -the O -acidotic O -ABE O -shifts O -remaining O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -x O -- O -ray O -contrast B-Chemical -agents O -on O -the O -blood O -( O -a O -review O -of O -the O -literature O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Ethological O -analysis O -of O -the O -action O -of O -medazepam O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -on O -the O -zoosocial O -behavior O -of O -isolated O -mice O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -drugs O -have O -a O -biphasic O -action O -on O -the O -behavior O -of O -aggressive O -mice O -, O -small O -doses O -( O -medazepam O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -facilitating O -aggression O -and O -large O -one O -( O -medazepam O -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -suppressing O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -caffein O -, O -bemegride B-Chemical -shows O -a O -tendency O -toward O -respiratory O -compensation O -of O -metabolic O -acidosis O -and O -lowers O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -alcohol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dehydrogenase I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -benactyzine O -and O -spasmolytin O -adiphenine O -on O -the O -blood O -circulation O -in O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -by O -the O -brain O -were O -investigated O -in O -experiments O -on O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -chlorophos O -- O -poisoned O -dogs O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -absorption O -by O -the O -brain O -changes O -under O -the O -effect O -of O -benactyzine O -and O -rises O -after O -administration O -of O -spasmolytin O -. O - -aps B-category -Atropine B-Chemical -stimulated O -significantly O -the O -rat O -liver O -and O -esophagus O -carcinogenesis O -, O -whereas O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenoblocking O -agent O -, O -a O -pyrrhoxane O -analogue O -, O -and O -, O -particularly O -, O -proserine O -inhibited O -these O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -a O -novel O -enzyme O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -epsilon I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -caprolactamase I-Chemical -from O -Cryptococcus O -laurentii O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pathophysiology O -of O -hyperprolactinemic O -states O -and O -the O -role O -of O -newer O -ergot B-Chemical -compounds O -in O -their O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Whatever O -the O -pathophysiology O -of O -its O -production O -, O -hyperprolactinemia O -of O -all O -forms O -is O -responsive O -to O -treatment O -with O -the O -newer O -ergot B-Chemical -alkaloids O -. O - -aps B-category -Luteinizing B-Chemical -hormone I-Chemical -( O -LH O -) O -- O -releasing O -hormone O -( O -LH O -- O -RH O -) O -tests O -( O -50 O -microgram O -/ O -sq O -m O -intravenously O -) O -were O -performed O -in O -112 O -prepubertal O -boys O -ages O -13 O -/ O -12 O -to O -11 O -years O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -standard O -deviation O -, O -75 O -/ O -12 O -+ O -/ O -- O -16 O -/ O -12 O -years O -) O -suspected O -of O -having O -a O -testicular O -disorder O -because O -of O -improperly O -located O -testes O -( O -77 O -boys O -) O -or O -hypogonadism O -( O -35 O -boys O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -blockers O -of O -synaptic O -transmission O -on O -the O -course O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -hyperpolarization O -in O -sympathetic O -ganglion O -neurons O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimum O -pH O -for O -ceruloplasmin O -as O -polyphenol B-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -10 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -) O -activity O -was O -determined O -in O -human O -serum O -( O -pH O -5 O -. O -4 O -) O -and O -the O -serum O -of O -conventional O -laboratory O -animals O -- O -- O -the O -rat O -( O -pH O -5 O -. O -2 O -) O -, O -mouse O -( O -pH O -5 O -. O -2 O -) O -, O -hamster O -( O -pH O -5 O -. O -3 O -) O -, O -guinea O -pig O -( O -pH O -5 O -. O -4 O -) O -, O -multimammate O -mouse O -( O -pH O -5 O -. O -2 O -) O -and O -rabbit O -( O -pH O -5 O -. O -4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Ceruloplasmin O -polyphenol B-Chemical -oxidase O -activity O -was O -inhibited O -by O -0 O -. O -1M O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -in O -the O -mouse O -, O -rat O -and O -multimammate O -mouse O -, O -but O -not O -in O -the O -other O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Procedures O -have O -been O -developed O -which O -provide O -simple O -means O -of O -determining O -binding O -constants O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -receptors O -for O -glucocorticoids O -in O -mouse O -lymphoid O -cell O -lines O -and O -of O -characterizing O -the O -interaction O -of O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -complex O -with O -the O -nucleus O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -distribution O -of O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -complex O -within O -the O -cell O -is O -independent O -of O -whether O -steroid B-Chemical -uptake O -of O -the O -cells O -is O -performed O -at O -low O -or O -at O -high O -steroid B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -larger O -fraction O -of O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -complex O -binding O -to O -the O -nuclear O -fraction O -is O -insensitive O -to O -high O -ionic O -strength O -and O -pH O -when O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -uptake O -is O -performed O -at O -low O -steroid B-Chemical -concentrations O -than O -when O -performed O -at O -high O -steroid B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Generalities O -on O -histamine B-Chemical -antagonists O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -H O -( O -2 O -) O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -reduces O -acid O -output O -regardless O -of O -the O -means O -of O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -fluxes O -of O -H O -( O -+ O -) O -, O -Na O -( O -+ O -) O -, O -K O -( O -+ O -) O -, O -and O -Cl O -( O -- O -) O -ions O -after O -acid O -instillation O -into O -the O -human O -stomach O -in O -six O -healthy O -subjects O -with O -and O -without O -prior O -administration O -of O -300 O -mg O -cimetidine B-Chemical -orally O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -significant O -differences O -between O -sodium B-Chemical -ion O -fluxes O -in O -control O -and O -cimetidine B-Chemical -studies O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -gastric O -mucosal O -barrier O -remained O -intact O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -intragastric O -acid O -( O -pH O -& O -lt O -; O -1 O -. O -0 O -) O -did O -not O -reverse O -the O -rise O -in O -potential O -difference O -caused O -by O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -that O -factors O -other O -than O -change O -in O -intragastric O -pH O -were O -involved O -. O - -aps B-category -p O -- O -Nitrobenzyl O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -toluenesulfonyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -: O -a O -chromogenic O -substrate O -for O -thrombin O -, O -plasmin O -and O -trypsin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absorption O -of O -p O -- O -nitrobenzyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -formed O -is O -measured O -at O -271 O -nm O -( O -AmM O -8 O -. O -89 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -, O -beta O -- O -blockade O -( O -Atenolol O -) O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -antagonists I-Chemical -( O -Nifedipine B-Chemical -) O -and O -coronary O -dilatation O -( O -Dipyridamole B-Chemical -) O -on O -regional O -myocardial O -blood O -flow O -were O -investigated O -( O -Engel O -et O -al O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -On O -the O -acute O -toxicity O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -( O -AH O -- O -5158 O -) O -, O -a O -combined O -alpha O -- O -and O -- O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -- O -blocking O -agent O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Death O -followed O -convulsions O -by O -large O -doses O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -second O -marrow O -transplantation O -in O -this O -patient O -using O -the O -same O -donor O -after O -conditioning O -with O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -moderate O -clinical O -improvement O -. O - -aps B-category -Bacterial O -cultures O -were O -sterile O -, O -and O -antibiotics O -had O -no O -effect O -, O -whereas O -prednisone B-Chemical -made O -an O -immediate O -improvement O -. O - -aps B-category -Microbial O -metabolism O -of O -anthracycline B-Chemical -antibiotics O -daunomycin O -and O -adriamycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cell O -- O -free O -extracts O -of O -Streptomyces O -steffisburgensis O -convert O -adriamycin B-Chemical -and O -daunomycinol O -to O -their O -7 O -- O -deoxyaglycones O -( O -5 O -) O -and O -( O -3 O -) O -by O -DPNH O -- O -linked O -reductive O -glycosidic O -cleavage O -. O - -aps B-category -Many O -pepD O -mutations O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -production O -of O -partially O -active O -peptidase O -D O -enzymes O -with O -substrate O -specificities O -that O -differ O -strikingly O -from O -those O -of O -the O -wild O -- O -type O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -Michaelis O -- O -Menten O -constants O -for O -aspartate B-Chemical -and O -ATP O -were O -5 O -. O -5 O -and O -2 O -. O -2 O -mM O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -was O -noncompetitive O -with O -respect O -to O -aspartate B-Chemical -( O -Ki O -= O -10 O -mM O -) O -and O -mixed O -with O -respect O -to O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -Carboxypeptidase O -displaying O -differential O -velocity O -in O -hydrolysis O -of O -methotrexate B-Chemical -, O -5 O -- O -methyltetrahydrofolic O -acid O -, O -and O -leucovorin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Apparently O -a O -metallo O -- O -enzyme O -, O -it O -is O -inhibited O -by O -citrate B-Chemical -and O -ethylenediaminetetraacetic O -acid O -( O -EDTA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -non O -- O -specificity O -for O -the O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -is O -expressed O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -uptake O -of O -proline O -by O -Streptomyces O -antibioticus O -. O - -aps B-category -Amino O -acid O -transport O -was O -found O -to O -have O -a O -temperature O -optimum O -of O -35 O -degrees O -C O -and O -a O -pH O -optimum O -from O -7 O -. O -0 O -to O -8 O -. O -0 O -for O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -6 O -. O -5 O -to O -7 O -. O -5 O -for O -proline O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Glutamate I-Chemical -uptake O -was O -mediated O -by O -a O -glutamate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inducible I-Chemical -, O -nonspecific O -transport O -system O -, O -which O -was O -extremely O -stable O -and O -was O -not O -subject O -to O -substrate O -inhibition O -by O -L O -- O -proline O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -a O -proline O -- O -specific O -, O -constitutive O -transport O -system O -was O -found O -to O -be O -present O -in O -the O -mycelium O -grown O -in O -organic O -and O -inorganic O -nitrogen B-Chemical -sources O -other O -than O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glnD O -mutation O -of O -Klebsiella O -aerogenes O -is O -cotransducible O -by O -phage O -P1 O -with O -pan O -( O -requirement O -for O -pantothenate O -) O -and O -leads O -to O -a O -loss O -of O -uridylytransferase O -and O -uridylyl O -- O -removing O -enzyme O -, O -components O -of O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -adenylylation O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Suppression O -of O -the O -glnD O -mutation O -are O -located O -at O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -structural O -gene O -glnA O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -lambda O -phage O -( O -lambdaNK55 O -) O -carrying O -the O -translocatable O -element O -Tn10 O -, O -conferring O -tetracycline B-Chemical -resistance O -( O -Tetr O -) O -, O -has O -been O -utilized O -to O -isolate O -glutamine B-Chemical -auxotrophs O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -K O -- O -12 O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -this O -strain O -, O -under O -nitrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limiting I-Chemical -conditions O -, O -allows O -synthesis O -of O -10 O -to O -20 O -milliunits O -of O -biosynthetically O -active O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -per O -mg O -of O -protein O -, O -which O -is O -sufficient O -to O -allow O -slow O -growth O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -the O -inducible O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Chlorella O -sorokiniana O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -this O -enzyme O -was O -shown O -to O -differ O -considerably O -from O -that O -of O -the O -NAD O -- O -GDH O -in O -this O -organism O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -six O -cysteines O -in O -the O -native O -enzyme O -were O -in O -the O -free O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -form O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -indicate O -that O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -GDH I-Chemical -and O -NAD O -- O -GDH O -isozymes O -are O -distinct O -molecular O -species O -in O -this O -organism O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -synchronous O -cells O -of O -the O -eucaryotic O -microorganism O -Chlorella O -sorokiniana O -growing O -in O -nitrate B-Chemical -medium O -were O -challenged O -to O -synthesize O -an O -ammonium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inducible I-Chemical -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -NADP O -- O -GDH O -) O -at O -frequent O -intervals O -during O -the O -cell O -cycle O -the O -initial O -rate O -of O -induction O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -enzyme O -potential O -) O -of O -this O -enzyme O -increased O -in O -an O -approximately O -linear O -manner O -until O -the O -period O -of O -DNA O -replication O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -S O -phase O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -glnD O -and O -glnE O -mutant O -strains O -of O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -lack O -three O -of O -the O -four O -activities O -required O -for O -reversible O -covalent O -modification O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -GS O -; O -EC O -6 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -wild O -- O -type O -strain O -derepresses O -synthesis O -of O -GS O -fourfold O -in O -response O -to O -nitrogen B-Chemical -limitation O -; O -glnD O -and O -glnE O -strains O -derepress O -synthesis O -of O -the O -enzyme O -fourfold O -and O -sevenfold O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -work O -reports O -on O -the O -isolation O -and O -characterization O -of O -two O -glutamine B-Chemical -auxotrophs O -in O -Neurospora O -crassa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mutations O -impaired O -the O -conversion O -of O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -to O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -resulted O -in O -changes O -of O -both O -the O -activity O -and O -oligomeric O -structure O -of O -the O -enzyme O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolonged O -continuous O -cultivation O -on O -tetrathionate O -or O -thiosulfate O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -ability O -of O -the O -organism O -to O -grow O -subsequently O -in O -ferrous O -iron B-Chemical -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -an O -anaerobic O -NaCl B-Chemical -solution O -to O -an O -essentially O -Na O -+ O -- O -free O -anaerobic O -bacterial O -suspension O -induced O -the O -acidification O -of O -the O -suspension O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -primary O -amine B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -of O -Pseudomonas O -putida O -NP O -was O -purified O -to O -homogeneity O -as O -judged O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -nonspecific O -, O -readily O -oxidizing O -primary O -monoamines B-Chemical -, O -benzylamine O -, O -and O -tyramine O -; O -little O -or O -no O -measurable O -activity O -was O -detected O -with O -isoamines O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ornithine I-Chemical -, O -L O -- O -lysine O -, O -and O -certain O -diamines O -or O -polyamines O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -dithionite O -or O -amine B-Chemical -substrates O -resulted O -in O -absorption O -maxima O -at O -523 O -and O -552 O -nm O -and O -a O -shift O -in O -the O -Soret O -peak O -to O -416 O -nm O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -ammonium B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -and O -osmotic O -pressure O -on O -growth O -of O -Ureaplasma O -urealyticum O -type O -VIII O -was O -determined O -by O -using O -a O -well O -- O -buffered O -broth O -medium O -containing O -10 O -mM O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -U O -. O -urealyticum O -was O -more O -sensitive O -to O -osmotic O -pressure O -: O -osmotic O -pressures O -of O -710 O -to O -780 O -mosmol O -/ O -kg O -( O -with O -KCl O -, O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -or O -sucrose B-Chemical -) O -resulted O -in O -both O -a O -substantially O -lower O -growth O -rate O -and O -a O -5 O -- O -to O -10 O -- O -fold O -lower O -peak O -yield O -of O -organisms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reconstituted O -systems O -required O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -were O -not O -affected O -by O -the O -catalase O -which O -decomposes O -H2O2 B-Chemical -, O -or O -by O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -diazabicyclo O -- O -[ O -2 O -, O -2 O -, O -2 O -] O -octane O -( O -DABCO O -) O -, O -which O -is O -a O -good O -quencher O -of O -singlet O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -L O -- O -Pyroglutamyl O -derivatives O -of O -p O -- O -nitroaniline O -and O -7 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcoumarin I-Chemical -were O -synthesized O -as O -new O -sensitive O -substrates O -for O -pyrrolidonyl O -peptidase O -( O -pyrrolidonecarboxylyl O -peptidase O -) O -from O -Bacillus O -amyloliquefaciens O -. O - -aps B-category -Acceptor O -specificity O -of O -ATP O -: O -nucleoside B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -pyrophosphotransferase O -from O -Streptomyces O -adephospholyticus O -. O - -aps B-category -Lysophospholipase O -[ O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -5 O -] O -was O -solubilized O -from O -the O -cells O -of O -Vibrio O -parahaemolyticus O -with O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -and O -purified O -by O -the O -following O -procedure O -; O -precipitation O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -, O -acid O -treatment O -and O -ion O -exchange O -column O -chromatography O -using O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -, O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -A O -- O -50 O -, O -and O -CM O -- O -cellulose O -, O -successively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -completely O -inhibited O -by O -preincubation O -with O -diisopropylfluorophosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -formation O -of O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -from O -putrescine O -in O -rat O -organs O -and O -purification O -of O -its O -synthetic O -enzyme O -from O -rat O -intestine O -. O - -aps B-category -Radioactive O -GABA B-Chemical -was O -detected O -in O -all O -the O -organs O -of O -a O -rat O -injected O -intraperitoneally O -with O -radioactive O -putrescine O -, O -and O -the O -highest O -radioactivity O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -was O -observed O -in O -the O -small O -intestine O -. O - -aps B-category -Vmax O -values O -of O -other O -substrates O -relative O -to O -that O -of O -p O -- O -nitrophenylphosphate O -were O -as O -follows O -; O -beta O -- O -glycerophosphate O -, O -76 O -% O -; O -5 O -' O -- O -TMP O -, O -82 O -% O -; O -5 O -' O -- O -AMP O -, O -62 O -% O -; O -5 O -' O -- O -IMP O -, O -43 O -% O -; O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -39 O -% O -; O -ADP O -, O -36 O -% O -and O -ATP O -, O -15 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -most O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -L O -- O -histidine O -among O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -tested O -, O -and O -also O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -imidazole O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -sphingomyelinase O -is O -different O -from O -the O -two O -previously O -known O -sphingomyelinases O -in O -the O -brain O -- O -- O -the O -acidic O -sphingomyelinase O -and O -the O -magnesium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -neutral O -sphingomyelinase O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -- O -Deoxy O -- O -D O -- O -arabino O -- O -heptulosonate O -7 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -has O -a O -subunit O -molecular O -weight O -of O -35 O -, O -000 O -as O -determined O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -native O -form O -of O -the O -enzyme O -is O -a O -tetramer O -. O - -aps B-category -Molecular O -parameters O -of O -the O -previously O -isolated O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -3 O -- O -deoxy O -- O -D O -- O -arabino O -- O -heptulosonate O -7 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthase O -from O -E O -. O -coli O -( O -Schoner O -, O -R O -. O -, O -and O -Herrmann O -, O -K O -. O -M O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -cells O -with O -valinomycin O -( O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -external O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -) O -or O -high O -concentrations O -of O -thiocyanate O -, O -to O -abolish O -the O -delta O -psi O -, O -resulted O -in O -collapse O -of O -the O -transmembrane O -proton O -gradient O -( O -delta O -pH O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Saturation O -curves O -of O -activity O -versus O -concentration O -were O -determined O -for O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -) O -for O -the O -substrate O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -at O -saturating O -carbamyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -4 O -. O -8 O -mM O -) O -in O -buffered O -solution O -at O -pH O -values O -from O -6 O -. O -0 O -to O -12 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -50 O -mM O -aspartate B-Chemical -concentration O -the O -pH O -- O -rate O -profile O -shows O -maxima O -at O -pH O -values O -of O -8 O -. O -8 O -and O -10 O -. O -0 O -( O -cf O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -native O -enzyme O -was O -a O -monomeric O -protein O -of O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -41 O -, O -000 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -, O -000 O -with O -an O -s020 O -, O -w O -value O -of O -3 O -. O -45 O -S O -. O -It O -had O -a O -relative O -abundance O -of O -hydrophobic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -such O -as O -valine O -, O -leucine B-Chemical -, O -and O -isoleucine O -, O -and O -contained O -approximately O -5 O -% O -carbohydrate O -by O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -copper B-Chemical -was O -not O -detected O -in O -a O -significant O -amount O -and O -the O -ratio O -of O -copper B-Chemical -to O -heme O -was O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -03 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -enzyme O -protein O -catalyzed O -the O -oxygenative O -ring O -cleavage O -of O -D O -- O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -, O -D O -- O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -, O -tryptamine O -, O -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Enrichment O -factors O -for O -three O -ectoenzymes O -, O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -, O -and O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -were O -respectively O -, O -70 O -- O -74 O -, O -and O -40 O -- O -50 O -in O -the O -two O -lightest O -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ultrastructural O -localization O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -DAO O -) O -was O -studied O -cytochemically O -by O -detecting O -sites O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -production O -in O -human O -polymorphonuclear O -leukocytes O -( O -PMNs O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -competitive O -inhibitor O -D O -, O -L O -- O -2 O -- O -hydroxybutyrate O -greatly O -reduced O -the O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -reaction O -while O -KCN O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -technique O -verified O -the O -results O -obtained O -with O -the O -cerium O -reaction O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -the O -DAO O -is O -located O -in O -the O -cell O -surface O -and O -is O -internalized O -during O -phagocytosis O -and O -is O -capable O -of O -H2O2 B-Chemical -production O -within O -the O -phagosome O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simplified O -assay O -of O -furosemide B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -and O -urine O -by O -high O -- O -pressure O -liquid O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -includes O -an O -ether B-Chemical -extraction O -from O -acidified O -biologic O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -methylester O -of O -furosemide B-Chemical -is O -employed O -as O -an O -internal O -standard O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -, O -sensitive O -and O -rapid O -technique O -is O -described O -, O -permitting O -separation O -of O -cGMP B-Chemical -from O -GMP O -, O -GDP O -and O -GTP O -by O -the O -use O -of O -unidirectional O -high O -- O -voltage O -paper O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Gentamicin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -blood I-Chemical -agar O -for O -isolation O -of O -Streptococcus O -pneumoniae O -from O -respiratory O -secretions O -. O - -aps B-category -Minimal O -inhibitory O -concentrations O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -for O -the O -last O -25 O -isolates O -were O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -8 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -basis O -for O -a O -continuous O -assay O -for O -monitoring O -superoxide B-Chemical -production O -and O -for O -the O -study O -of O -the O -activation O -of O -the O -generating O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -exit O -step O -in O -urinary O -acidification O -by O -a O -disulfonic O -stilbene O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -luminal B-Chemical -addition O -of O -SITS O -had O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -androgen B-Chemical -binding O -protein O -in O -the O -testicular O -cytosol O -of O -human O -testis O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -removal O -of O -plasma O -contamination O -, O -an O -androgen B-Chemical -binding O -protein O -( O -hABP O -) O -was O -detected O -in O -a O -105 O -, O -000 O -- O -g O -supernate O -of O -human O -testicular O -homogenate O -. O - -aps B-category -hABP O -had O -a O -sharp O -pH O -binding O -curve O -with O -an O -optimum O -at O -8 O -, O -whereas O -TeBG O -had O -a O -stable O -pH O -optimum O -between O -6 O -. O -5 O -and O -9 O -. O -hABP O -and O -TeBG O -were O -eluted O -from O -an O -ion O -exchange O -column O -at O -100 O -mM O -and O -80 O -mM O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -concentrations O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Relationship O -between O -phosphorylation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -regulation O -of O -its O -synthesis O -by O -cyclic O -AMP O -and O -hormones O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -[ O -32p O -] O -i O -incorporation O -into O -this O -enzyme O -probably O -reflects O -turnover O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -groups O -associated O -with O -pre O -- O -existing O -enzyme O -molecules O -catalyzed O -by O -a O -cyclic O -AMP O -- O -independent O -protein O -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -Cytosolic O -guanylate O -cylase O -activity O -in O -cell O -- O -free O -preparations O -of O -the O -rabbit O -renal O -cortex O -was O -increased O -3 O -- O -to O -5 O -- O -fold O -by O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -decreasing O -potency O -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -dopamine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -catechol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Epinephrine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulation I-Chemical -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -reversed O -by O -dialysis O -and O -the O -deactivated O -enzyme O -was O -reactivatable O -by O -a O -second O -exposure O -to O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Epinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -in O -the O -crude O -cytosolic O -fraction O -was O -partially O -inhibited O -by O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonists O -, O -but O -neither O -alpha O -- O -nor O -beta O -- O -blockers O -inhibited O -when O -the O -partially O -purified O -enzyme O -was O -used O -; O -thus O -, O -leaving O -open O -the O -question O -of O -a O -role O -for O -typical O -alpha O -- O -or O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -mechanisms O -in O -this O -regulation O -of O -the O -soluble O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -adrenochrome O -activated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -reducing O -agents O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -ascorbate O -, O -DTT O -and O -N2 O -, O -although O -the O -enzyme O -in O -a O -more O -SH O -- O -reduced O -form O -and O -in O -an O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -medium O -had O -a O -decreased O -sensitivity O -to O -both O -effectors O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -precise O -mechanism O -by O -which O -low O -concentrations O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -stimulated O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -is O -unknown O -and O -the O -physiological O -significance O -of O -the O -activation O -remains O -to O -be O -established O -, O -these O -findings O -direct O -attention O -to O -an O -interesting O -interaction O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -with O -the O -cytosolic O -enzyme O -system O -and O -stress O -the O -need O -for O -further O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -gamma O -- O -Glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -activity O -towards O -specific O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -agreed O -with O -the O -percent O -extractions O -of O -these O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -by O -the O -mammary O -gland O -of O -the O -lactating O -cow O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -marked O -increase O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -aminopyrine O -- O -N O -- O -demethylase O -, O -aniline O -hydroxylase O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -transferase I-Chemical -and O -spontaneous O -lipid O -peroxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -the O -histochemical O -study O -, O -the O -effects O -on O -phosphatase O -activities O -by O -aldehyde B-Chemical -fixation O -were O -studied O -by O -biochemical O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -importance O -of O -gastric O -hydrochloric O -acid O -in O -the O -absorption O -of O -nonheme O -food O -iron B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -view O -of O -thee O -findings O -, O -quantitative O -and O -qualitative O -data O -reported O -on O -biological O -specimens O -submitted O -to O -saponification O -in O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -methanol O -, O -or O -even O -in O -water O -are O -of O -questionable O -significance O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -ouabain B-Chemical -to O -split O -frog O -skin O -: O -the O -role O -of O -the O -Na O -, O -K O -- O -ATPase O -in O -the O -generation O -of O -short O -circuit O -current O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -ouabain B-Chemical -binding O -and O -Isc O -inhibition O -proceeded O -as O -hyperbolic O -functions O -of O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -Isci O -skins O -bound O -very O -little O -ouabain B-Chemical -before O -inhibition O -of O -Isc O -whereas O -low O -Isci O -skins O -bound O -one O -- O -half O -of O -the O -total O -number O -of O -sites O -before O -exhibiting O -any O -inhibition O -of O -Isc O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -binding O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -also O -displayed O -various O -characteristics O -that O -were O -consistent O -with O -known O -properties O -of O -the O -Na O -, O -K O -- O -ATPase O -: O -( O -a O -) O -increased O -intracellular O -K O -/ O -Na O -concentrations O -, O -whether O -achieved O -through O -the O -addition O -of O -amiloride B-Chemical -or O -removal O -of O -Na O -from O -the O -outside O -medium O -, O -led O -to O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -ouabain B-Chemical -binding O -rate O -relative O -to O -paired O -controls O -; O -and O -( O -b O -) O -ouabain B-Chemical -binding O -, O -either O -with O -normal O -or O -decreased O -intracellular O -Na O -, O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -elevated O -K O -in O -the O -serosal O -bathing O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molar O -range O -was O -too O -limited O -to O -identify O -the O -most O -preferred O -concentration O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -but O -peak O -preferences O -for O -the O -other O -common O -sugars O -fell O -within O -the O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -salts O -on O -the O -physical O -and O -kinetic O -properties O -of O -human O -placental O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -in O -vitro O -excystation O -of O -this O -species O -occurs O -following O -pretreatment O -of O -the O -cyst O -for O -15 O -min O -in O -1 O -% O -acidified O -pepsin O -, O -treatment O -in O -0 O -. O -02 O -M O -sodium B-Chemical -dithionite O -( O -a O -reductant O -) O -for O -1 O -to O -2 O -min O -and O -then O -2 O -hr O -treatment O -in O -an O -excystation O -medium O -containing O -1 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -glycocholate O -plus O -1 O -% O -trypsin O -in O -Earle O -' O -s O -BSS O -adjusted O -to O -pH O -8 O -. O -8 O -with O -tris O -and O -maintained O -at O -41 O -C O -. O -The O -cyst O -of O -this O -species O -is O -a O -dome O -- O -shaped O -hemisphere O -containing O -an O -inner O -and O -outer O -wall O -. O - -aps B-category -Actions O -of O -procaterol B-Chemical -( O -OPC O -- O -2009 O -) O -, O -a O -new O -beta2 O -- O -adrenoceptor O -stimulant O -, O -on O -pulmonary O -resistance O -, O -contractions O -of O -the O -soleus O -muscle O -, O -and O -cardiovascular O -system O -of O -the O -anaesthetized O -cat O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -agents O -evoked O -hyperthermia O -and O -behavioural O -excitation O -; O -tryptamine O -but O -not O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -also O -produced O -forepaw O -clonic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -tryptamine O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -effects O -were O -potentiated O -by O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -postulated O -that O -while O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -produces O -its O -effects O -through O -a O -serotoninergic O -mechanism O -, O -some O -of O -the O -responses O -to O -tryptamine O -result O -from O -activation O -of O -a O -specific O -tryptamine O -- O -sensitive O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -the O -hypothermic O -effect O -of O -amantadine B-Chemical -in O -rats O -and O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Prior O -administration O -of O -pimozide O -( O -1 O -- O -- O -2 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -did O -not O -block O -hypothermia O -due O -to O -amantadine B-Chemical -in O -rats O -or O -mice O -; O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -hypothermia O -due O -to O -apomorphine B-Chemical -( O -2 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -given O -2 O -h O -after O -reserpine B-Chemical -( O -2 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Direct O -injection O -of O -amantadine B-Chemical -( O -4 O -- O -- O -8 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -) O -into O -the O -cerebral O -ventricles O -( O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Rimantadine O -, O -a O -congener O -of O -amantadine B-Chemical -but O -without O -anti O -- O -parkinsonian O -activity O -, O -also O -caused O -pimozide O -insensitive O -hypothermia O -in O -mice O -at O -doses O -of O -50 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -, O -intraperitoneally O -or O -2 O -- O -- O -4 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -, O -intracerebroventricularly O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -frog O -rectus O -abdominis O -muscle O -AcHC O -- O -3 O -caused O -a O -substantial O -potentiation O -of O -the O -contractures O -elicited O -by O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -but O -did O -not O -by O -itself O -cause O -a O -contracture O -of O -the O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -AcHC O -- O -3 O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -a O -substrate O -for O -cholinesterase O -enzymes O -although O -the O -rate O -of O -hydrolysis O -was O -much O -less O -than O -the O -rate O -of O -hydrolysis O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -to O -suxamethonium B-Chemical -in O -tetrodotoxin O -2 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -could O -be O -shifted O -to O -the O -right O -with O -tubocurarine O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -. O -KCl O -, O -0 O -. O -1M O -, O -produced O -slow O -sustained O -contractures O -of O -the O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antilipolytic O -action O -of O -carbenoxolone O -was O -not O -blocked O -by O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isobutyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylxanthine I-Chemical -, O -a O -potent O -inhibitor O -of O -phosphodiesterase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -of O -the O -monoamine O -oxidase O -activity O -in O -the O -rat O -liver O -by O -the O -substrate O -selective O -inhibitor O -clorgyline O -has O -been O -investigated O -with O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -as O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -is O -a O -potent O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonist O -in O -the O -perfused O -mesenteric O -blood O -vessels O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Tissue O -distribution O -of O -radioactivity O -after O -injection O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -in O -young O -and O -old O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Contribution O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -to O -the O -vasodepressor O -effect O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Tolerance O -to O -neostigmine B-Chemical -in O -rodents O -and O -its O -prevention O -by O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -21 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -palmitate I-Chemical -with O -liposomes O -examined O -by O -differential O -scanning O -calorimetry O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -long O -chain O -21 O -- O -esters O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -such O -as O -the O -palmitate O -or O -octanoate O -are O -taken O -up O -and O -retained O -by O -liposomes O -in O -higher O -concentration O -than O -cortisol B-Chemical -itself O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -limiting O -concentration O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -21 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -palmitate I-Chemical -which O -can O -be O -incorporated O -into O -dipalmitolyl O -phosphatidylcholine O -liposomes O -has O -been O -measured O -by O -observing O -changes O -in O -the O -DSC O -spectrum O -at O -different O -steroid B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -optimum O -effect O -, O -the O -treatment O -of O -arthritis O -with O -liposomes O -must O -be O -carried O -out O -with O -liposomes O -containing O -steroid B-Chemical -below O -the O -limiting O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Octanol O -and O -dodecane O -partition O -coefficients O -, O -surface O -activity O -and O -adsorbability O -to O -activated O -charcoal B-Chemical -were O -determined O -for O -six O -tricyclic O -psychotropic O -drugs O -with O -N O -- O -dimethylalkyl O -side O -chains O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extent O -to O -which O -the O -drugs O -were O -N O -- O -demethylated O -as O -measured O -by O -formaldehyde O -formed O -in O -rat O -liver O -homogenate O -incubations O -correlated O -with O -their O -adsorbability O -to O -activated O -charcoal B-Chemical -but O -not O -with O -their O -ability O -to O -inhibit O -aniline O -- O -p O -- O -hydroxylase O -, O -nor O -was O -there O -a O -linear O -correspondence O -between O -N O -- O -DEMETHYLATION O -AND O -DRUG O -LIPOPHILICITY O -AS O -INDICATed O -by O -partition O -coefficients O -or O -surface O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -corpus O -striatum O -, O -SP O -seemed O -to O -potentiate O -the O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -outflow O -of O -3H O -- O -DA O -and O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -GABA I-Chemical -, O -while O -the O -realeases O -from O -substantia O -nigra O -were O -unaffected O -. O - -aps B-category -Quisqualamine O -, O -a O -novel O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -related O -depressant O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -an O -interaction O -of O -quisqualamine O -with O -presynaptic O -receptors O -for O -both O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -brain O -and O -serum O -lithium B-Chemical -concentrations O -after O -acute O -injections O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -and O -orotate O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -little O -serum O -lithium B-Chemical -remained O -at O -24 O -h O -after O -injection O -of O -2 O -. O -0 O -m O -equiv O -kg O -- O -1 O -lithium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -, O -two O -- O -thirds O -of O -the O -2 O -h O -serum O -lithium B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -present O -24h O -after O -lithium B-Chemical -orotate O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -the O -possibility O -that O -lower O -doses O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -orotate O -than O -lithium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -may O -achieve O -therapeutic O -brain O -lithium B-Chemical -concentrations O -and O -relatively O -stable O -serum O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Consumption O -of O -an O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -diet O -by O -mice O -resulted O -in O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -circulating O -concentrations O -of O -corticosterone B-Chemical -which O -was O -maintained O -for O -8 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethanol O -withdrawal O -symptoms O -followed O -the O -removal O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -from O -the O -diet O -and O -circulating O -corticosterone B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -further O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Stress O -related O -to O -ethanol B-Chemical -consumption O -may O -be O -of O -greater O -importance O -than O -the O -circulating O -ethanol B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -producing O -the O -elevation O -in O -plasma O -glucocorticoids O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -mice O -the O -hepatotoxic O -effects O -of O -paracetamol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -g O -kg O -- O -1 O -, O -orally O -) O -as O -evidenced O -by O -increased O -serum O -enzyme O -activities O -of O -the O -aminotransferases O -and O -sorbitol O -dehydrogenase O -were O -dose O -- O -dependently O -inhibited O -by O -simultaneous O -treatment O -with O -dimethyl B-Chemical -sulphoxide I-Chemical -( O -DMSO B-Chemical -0 O -, O -25 O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -g O -kg O -- O -1 O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -glutathione B-Chemical -depletion O -in O -mice O -amounting O -to O -94 O -% O -after O -paracetamol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -g O -kg O -- O -1 O -, O -orally O -) O -and O -to O -60 O -% O -after O -bromobezene O -( O -0 O -. O -25 O -ml O -kg O -- O -1 O -, O -orally O -) O -was O -dose O -- O -dependently O -reduced O -by O -the O -simultaneous O -administration O -of O -DMSO B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -25 O -- O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -G O -KG O -- O -1 O -, O -I O -. O -P O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -three O -methods O -of O -evaluating O -the O -composition O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -sulphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -on O -the O -biliary O -reabsorption O -of O -[ O -35S O -] O -sulpho O -- O -bromophthalein O -sodium B-Chemical -from O -the O -rat O -biliary O -tree O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -tolamolol O -and O -other O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -drugs O -on O -[ O -3H O -] O -haloperidol B-Chemical -binding O -to O -rat O -striatal O -membrane O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -Relation O -between O -baseline O -firing O -rate O -and O -the O -direction O -of O -neuronal O -responses O -to O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -: O -a O -species O -comparison O -. O - -aps B-category -Selectivity O -of O -bethanechol B-Chemical -on O -muscarinic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -1 O -- O -anilino O -- O -8 O -- O -naphthalenesulfonic O -acid O -to O -selected O -tricyclic O -antipsychotic O -and O -antidepressant B-Chemical -drugs O -was O -studied O -by O -fluorescence O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Solubility O -studies O -of O -silver B-Chemical -sulfonamides O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -silver B-Chemical -sulfonamides O -showed O -an O -increase O -in O -solubility O -with O -increasing O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ion I-Chemical -concentration O -, O -a O -behavior O -which O -closely O -paralleled O -the O -protonation O -of O -the O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -function O -of O -the O -sulfonamide O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -silver B-Chemical -sulfamethizole O -and O -silver B-Chemical -sulfamethazine O -were O -ionized O -completely O -in O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Colorimetric O -determination O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -in O -tablets O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -was O -oxidized O -with O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -resulting O -aldehyde B-Chemical -was O -reacted O -with O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dinitrophenylhydrazine O -to O -form O -the O -corresponding O -hydrazone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydrazone O -was O -extracted O -into O -chloroform B-Chemical -, O -and O -its O -absorbance O -was O -measured O -at O -the O -352 O -- O -nm O -maximum O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -patulin O -on O -the O -kinetics O -of O -substrate O -and O -cationic O -ligand O -activation O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -in O -mouse O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -studies O -of O -cationic O -- O -substrate O -activation O -of O -Na O -+ O -- O -K O -+ O -ATPase O -indicated O -noncompetitive O -inhibition O -with O -respect O -to O -ATP O -( O -at O -low O -affinity O -nucleotide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -directed I-Chemical -sites O -) O -and O -Na O -+ O -( O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -low O -, O -noninterfering O -concentrations O -of O -K O -+ O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -, O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -, O -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pindolol I-Chemical -and O -dl O -- O -practolol O -on O -regional O -myocardial O -blood O -flow O -( O -assessed O -by O -means O -of O -tracer O -microspheres O -) O -and O -on O -ST O -- O -segment O -elevation O -in O -ischemic O -and O -nonischemic O -areas O -of O -the O -canine O -left O -ventricle O -have O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Propranolol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -redistribution O -was O -abolished O -by O -atrial O -pacing O -at O -the O -control O -heart O -rate O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -investigate O -the O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -on O -sympathetic O -transmission O -to O -the O -myocardium O -in O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anesthetized I-Chemical -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Positive O -chronotropic O -effects O -of O -intravenously O -administered O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -tyramine O -were O -not O -altered O -during O -histamine B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Prior O -administration O -of O -mepyramine O -( O -pyrilamine O -) O -, O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -type O -H1 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -caused O -partial O -attenuation O -of O -the O -depressor O -action O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -but O -did O -not O -prevent O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -neurogenic O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -while O -the O -depressor O -action O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -is O -due O -to O -the O -activation O -of O -both O -H1 O -- O -as O -well O -as O -H2 O -- O -receptors O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -causes O -impairment O -of O -sympathetic O -nerve O -function O -to O -the O -myocardium O -by O -acting O -on O -H2 O -- O -receptors O -which O -may O -be O -located O -on O -sympathetic O -nerve O -terminals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -peripheral O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -oxotremorine O -tremor O -in O -the O -rat O -and O -its O -antagonism O -by O -beta O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxotremorine O -increases O -plasma O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -from O -0 O -. O -62 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -07 O -to O -3 O -. O -01 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -47 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -and O -plasma O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -from O -0 O -. O -82 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -14 O -to O -3 O -. O -42 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -48 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -, O -in O -conscious O -unrestrained O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Propranolol I-Chemical -and O -sotalol B-Chemical -are O -also O -active O -at O -4 O -and O -10 O -times O -the O -dose O -of O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -an O -increase O -in O -cholinergic O -influence O -to O -motor O -efferents O -accompanied O -by O -an O -activation O -of O -the O -sympathoadrenal O -system O -to O -release O -catecholamines B-Chemical -which O -augment O -tremor O -by O -stimulation O -of O -beta2 O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -also O -extended O -to O -some O -nitro O -and O -amino B-Chemical -derivatives O -of O -tetrahydro O -- O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -benzodiazepin O -- O -5 O -- O -one O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -selective O -medium O -containing O -kanamycin B-Chemical -and O -vancomycin B-Chemical -enhanced O -the O -recovery O -rate O -of O -B O -. O -melaninogenicus O -. O - -aps B-category -Amino O -acid O -activation O -with O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -phosphorimidazolide O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -( O -O O -- O -methylphosphate O -) O -, O -an O -analogue O -of O -the O -3 O -' O -- O -terminus O -of O -t O -- O -RNA O -is O -present O -, O -2 O -' O -( O -3 O -' O -) O -- O -O O -- O -aminoacyladenosine O -5 O -' O -- O -( O -O O -- O -methylphosphate O -) O -is O -formed O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -32 O -patients O -in O -shock O -and O -catabolic O -state O -following O -shock O -with O -impaired O -consciousness O -31 O -exhibited O -raised O -sodium B-Chemical -content O -in O -their O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degree O -of O -increased O -sodium B-Chemical -in O -erythrocytes O -seems O -to O -correlate O -with O -patients O -' O -clinical O -prognosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulfasalazine B-Chemical -toxic O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Disparity O -between O -the O -antihistaminic O -and O -antiarrhythmic O -activities O -of O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -and O -its O -isomers O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -pH O -was O -necessary O -for O -hydrolysis O -of O -phospholipids O -by O -phospholipase O -D O -. O -The O -pH O -did O -not O -influence O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -or O -the O -activity O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -ATPase O -of O -FSR O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -species O -of O -acid O -phosphatase O -( O -designated O -SP O -- O -I O -) O -contained O -in O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -( O -1 O -% O -v O -/ O -v O -) O -extracts O -of O -Gaucher O -spleen O -accounts O -for O -65 O -% O -- O -- O -95 O -% O -of O -the O -total O -activity O -and O -has O -the O -following O -properties O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -it O -does O -not O -bind O -to O -the O -cation O -exchange O -column O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -it O -exhibitis O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -4 O -. O -5 O -- O -- O -5 O -. O -0 O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -it O -is O -inhibited O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -( O -15 O -mM O -) O -, O -L O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -tartaric O -acid O -( O -20 O -mM O -) O -, O -and O -beta O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -( O -2 O -. O -1 O -M O -) O -, O -and O -( O -4 O -) O -it O -is O -resistant O -to O -inhibition O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dithionite O -( O -10 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -form O -of O -serum O -acid O -phosphatase O -did O -not O -bind O -to O -Sulphopropyl O -Sephadex O -, O -was O -found O -to O -be O -significantly O -resistant O -to O -beta O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -( O -2 O -. O -1 O -M O -) O -, O -and O -was O -only O -partially O -inhibited O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dithionite O -( O -10 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Thermostability O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -Candida O -tropicalis O -feed O -yeasts O -in O -Mg O -- O -, O -Mn O -- O -and O -Co O -- O -activated O -systems O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Metals O -stabilized O -the O -enzyme O -since O -preincubation O -with O -metal O -cations O -increased O -the O -thermostability O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -yeast O -synthesized O -relatively O -small O -amounts O -of O -cellulases O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -microscopic O -fungi O -. O - -aps B-category -Conductance O -of O -the O -DNA O -isoionic O -solutions O -obtained O -from O -aqueous O -solutions O -of O -its O -sodium B-Chemical -salt B-Chemical -using O -a O -column O -with O -mixed O -bed O -ionexchangers O -has O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -every O -case O -digitalis B-Chemical -intoxication O -was O -excluded O -. O - -aps B-category -or O -calcium B-Chemical -antagonist O -( O -10 O -mg O -verapamil B-Chemical -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Histaminase O -was O -increased O -in O -six O -of O -six O -primary O -tumors O -( O -three O -to O -14 O -, O -000 O -times O -) O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -in O -four O -of O -six O -( O -six O -to O -30 O -times O -) O -, O -and O -calcitonin B-Chemical -in O -one O -of O -one O -( O -eight O -times O -) O -over O -levels O -in O -adjacent O -lung O -. O - -aps B-category -Angiotensin B-Chemical -in O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrogen O -ion O -production O -secondary O -to O -metabolism O -of O -sulfur B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -organic O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -on O -the O -lower O -esophageal O -sphincter O -in O -late O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -administration O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -a O -fall O -in O -the O -LESP O -occurred O -in O -all O -3 O -groups O -of O -patients O -which O -was O -most O -profound O -in O -the O -nonpregnant O -subjects O -and O -in O -the O -pregnant O -patients O -without O -heartburn O -. O - -aps B-category -Atropine B-Chemical -should O -therefore O -be O -used O -with O -caution O -as O -a O -premedicant O -and O -preferably O -combined O -with O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -( O -Maxolon O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -4 O -, O -8 O -, O -16 O -and O -24 O -h O -after O -drenching O -the O -sheep O -were O -killed O -and O -the O -flukes O -removed O -, O -washed O -and O -rapidly O -frozen O -in O -liquid O -nitrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -marked O -decrease O -in O -ATP O -and O -glycogen O -, O -and O -the O -increase O -in O -total O -[ O -NAD O -+ O -] O -/ O -[ O -NADH O -] O -and O -[ O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -] O -/ O -[ O -malate B-Chemical -] O -, O -together O -with O -the O -changed O -content O -of O -other O -metabolites O -, O -led O -to O -the O -conclusion O -that O -the O -mode O -of O -action O -of O -rafoxanide O -against O -F O -. O -hepatica O -in O -vivo O -is O -by O -uncoupling O -oxidative O -phosphorylation O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Changes O -in O -the O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltranspeptidase O -, O -leucine B-Chemical -aminopeptidas O -and O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -in O -the O -combined O -action O -of O -ethylene O -glycol O -and O -high O -temperature O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phospate I-Chemical -uptake O -by O -cells O -is O -shown O -to O -be O -stimulated O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -and O -inhibited O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -by O -colicin O -Ia O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -number O -of O -authors O -have O -reported O -observations O -on O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -[ O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -: O -O2 O -oxidoreductase O -( O -deaminating O -) O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -3 O -. O -] O - -aps B-category -253 O -, O -3988 O -- O -- O -3996 O -] O -we O -demonstrated O -that O -tetranitromethane O -can O -be O -employed O -to O -nitrate B-Chemical -a O -limited O -number O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -in O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -( O -carbamoylphosphate O -: O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -carbamoyltransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -) O -; O -such O -modification O -eliminates O -cooperativity O -, O -feedback O -inhibition O -, O -and O -enzymatic O -activity O -, O -and O -reduces O -binding O -of O -the O -feedback O -inhibitor O -cytidine O -triphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -partially O -purified O -preparation O -of O -the O -heat O -- O -stable O -enterotoxin O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -caused O -a O -rapid O -and O -persistent O -increase O -in O -electric O -potential O -difference O -and O -short O -- O -circuit O -current O -when O -added O -in O -vitro O -to O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -surface O -of O -isolated O -rabbit O -ileal O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -electrical O -and O -nucleotide B-Chemical -responses O -exhibited O -similar O -and O -unusually O -broad O -concentration O -- O -dependences O -and O -maximal O -effects O -could O -not O -be O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -Beneficial O -and O -detrimental O -actions O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -- O -and O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -in O -circulatory O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -single O -doses O -of O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -, O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -, O -promethazine B-Chemical -, O -and O -burimamide O -were O -administered O -intravenously O -to O -Wistar O -rats O -subjected O -to O -hemorrhagic O -or O -bowel O -ischemia O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -report O -clearly O -demonstrates O -beneficial O -actions O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H O -( O -1 O -) O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -and O -detrimental O -effects O -of O -H O -( O -2 O -) O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -on O -survival O -and O -other O -parameters O -in O -these O -forms O -of O -circulatory O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -Ontogenetic O -appearance O -and O -disappearance O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -embryo O -. O - -aps B-category -Oncotic O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -effects O -of O -hemoglobin O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthetic O -glycoproteins O -can O -be O -prepared O -by O -reductive O -amination O -of O -proteins O -and O -reducing O -carbohydrates O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -cyanoborohydride O -. O - -aps B-category -Intruder O -- O -evoked O -aggression O -in O -isolated O -and O -nonisolated O -mice O -: O -effects O -of O -psychomotor O -stimulants O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Dopa I-Chemical -nonspecifically O -de O -creased O -all O -elements O -of O -agonistic O -and O -nonagonistic O -behavior O -, O -while O -the O -amphetamines B-Chemical -and O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -suppressed O -attacks O -, O -increased O -escapes O -, O -decreased O -upright O -postures O -, O -and O -increased O -nonagonistic O -locomotion O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Studies O -on O -segregation O -of O -dental O -gold B-Chemical -brazing O -alloys O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Unpredictable O -changes O -in O -the O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -, O -ranging O -from O -- O -22 O -to O -+ O -19 O -mm O -Hg O -were O -found O -immediately O -following O -thoracentesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -examines O -the O -influence O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -on O -the O -recurrent O -tidal O -volume O -changes O -caused O -by O -oscillations O -in O -arterial O -P O -( O -CO2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -magnitudes O -of O -the O -breath O -- O -by O -- O -breath O -changes O -are O -significantly O -greater O -at O -low O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -than O -at O -normal O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -observed O -shift O -in O -blood O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -was O -of O -similar O -magnitude O -to O -that O -recorded O -in O -humans O -with O -a O -similar O -degree O -of O -anemia O -, O -but O -the O -concomitant O -rise O -in O -DPG O -concentration O -was O -greater O -in O -opossums O -than O -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -efflux O -rates O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -and O -lactate B-Chemical -ions O -from O -isolated O -muscles O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -predetermined O -time O -period O -, O -samples O -of O -the O -muscle O -and O -the O -Ringer O -solution O -were O -analysed O -for O -lactate B-Chemical -content O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -this O -difference O -observed O -in O -the O -efflux O -kinetics O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -and O -lactate B-Chemical -ions O -, O -it O -is O -evident O -that O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -content O -of O -a O -body O -compartment O -does O -not O -represent O -the O -absolute O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -load O -of O -the O -same O -compartment O -, O -particularly O -during O -the O -early O -phase O -of O -the O -efflux O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Dynamics O -of O -changes O -in O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -fractions O -in O -hypercortisol O -states O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -the O -kidneys O -to O -acidify O -urine O -was O -studied O -in O -19 O -normal O -persons O -by O -short O -ammonium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -loading O -. O - -aps B-category -Urine O -was O -analysed O -for O -pH O -, O -titratable O -acid O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -ions O -( O -TA O -and O -NH4 O -+ O -) O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -short O -ammonium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -loading O -test O -was O -used O -in O -the O -investigation O -of O -renal O -acidification O -capacity O -of O -51 O -patients O -with O -idiopathic O -recurrent O -renal O -stones O -containing O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -patients O -were O -suspected O -of O -having O -a O -proximal O -acidification O -defect O -, O -as O -they O -showed O -delayed O -responses O -to O -the O -ammonium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -induced O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -elicit O -further O -information O -about O -the O -impaired O -acidification O -capacity O -eight O -patients O -were O -investigated O -by O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -loading O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -of O -these O -eight O -patients O -with O -suspected O -proximal O -acidification O -defect O -and O -two O -patients O -with O -impaired O -distal O -acidification O -were O -found O -to O -have O -a O -low O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -threshold O -and O -an O -increased O -, O -fractionated O -, O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -excretion O -at O -a O -normal O -plasma O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -three O -factors O -indicate O -increased O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -wastage O -from O -the O -kidneys O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -channel O -inactivation O -in O -squid O -axon O -is O -removed O -by O -high O -internal O -pH O -or O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -reagents O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -a O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residue O -is O -an O -essential O -component O -of O -the O -inactivation O -process O -in O -this O -nerve O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -cultured O -mouse O -neuroblastoma O -cells O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -caused O -a O -rapid O -and O -marked O -increase O -in O -the O -formation O -of O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cyclic O -GMP O -) O -by O -these O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -changes O -in O -dopaminergic O -innervation O -of O -caudate O -nucleus O -after O -continuous O -amphetamine B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -pellets O -release O -amphetamine B-Chemical -continuously O -for O -at O -least O -10 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Decreased O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -was O -still O -present O -110 O -days O -after O -pellet O -removal O -in O -the O -caudate O -but O -not O -in O -several O -other O -brain O -regions O -, O -nor O -in O -the O -caudate O -of O -rats O -injected O -with O -an O -equivalent O -amount O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -in O -daily O -injections O -. O - -aps B-category -Kainic O -acid O -lesions O -of O -the O -striatum O -dissociate O -amphetamine B-Chemical -and O -apomorphine B-Chemical -stereotypy O -: O -similarities O -to O -Huntingdon O -' O -s O -chorea O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -pattern O -of O -results O -parallels O -that O -found O -in O -patients O -suffering O -from O -Hungtington O -' O -s O -chorea O -, O -thus O -strengthening O -the O -parallels O -between O -the O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -animal O -model O -and O -the O -human O -disease O -state O -initially O -suggested O -on O -biochemical O -gounds O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -prevent O -massive O -blood O -loss O -, O -hypotension O -has O -been O -attained O -by O -pentolinium O -, O -trimethaphan B-Chemical -camsylate O -, O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cation O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -effect O -on O -canine O -acid O -and O -gastrin O -output O -. O - -aps B-category -Sugars O -and O -fluoride B-Chemical -in O -chewing O -tobacco O -and O -snuff O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -endogenous O -androgen B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -epididymides O -of O -2 O -different O -monkeys O -, O -in O -ng O -/ O -g O -wet O -weight O -was O -: O -DHT O -20 O -. O -81 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -98 O -; O -T O -: O -9 O -. O -0L O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -83 O -; O -diol O -: O -3 O -. O -03 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -41 O -. O - -aps B-category -Mass O -- O -analyzed O -ion O -kinetic O -energy O -spectrometry O -( O -MIKE O -) O -is O -shown O -to O -be O -an O -efficient O -and O -rapid O -method O -for O -the O -analysis O -of O -complex O -sterol B-Chemical -mixtures O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -experimental O -cryptorchidism O -on O -cholesterol B-Chemical -side O -- O -chain O -cleavage O -enzyme O -and O -delta5 O -- O -3beta O -- O -hydroxysteroid O -dehydrogenase O -activities O -in O -rat O -testes O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -12 O -hours O -after O -surgery O -CSCCE O -activity O -( O -expressed O -as O -dpm O -of O -isocaproic O -acid O -- O -14C O -formed O -from O -cholesterol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -26 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -14C I-Chemical -/ O -3 O -hours O -/ O -testis O -) O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -in O -cryptorchid O -testes O -to O -approximately O -55 O -% O -of O -sham O -- O -operated O -control O -values O -and O -remained O -depressed O -at O -less O -than O -50 O -% O -of O -control O -activities O -2 O -, O -4 O -, O -16 O -, O -and O -32 O -days O -after O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -Radioactive O -iron B-Chemical -uptake O -was O -predominantly O -in O -the O -spleen O -of O -mice O -with O -transplants O -and O -in O -the O -marrow O -of O -endogenously O -recovering O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -content O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -increased O -in O -the O -brain O -, O -but O -had O -no O -changes O -in O -the O -other O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -repeated O -impact O -the O -level O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -in O -the O -brain O -restored O -up O -to O -initial O -values O -, O -in O -the O -myocardium O -it O -was O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -content O -of O -cyclic O -nucleotides O -( O -cAMP B-Chemical -, O -cGMP B-Chemical -) O -and O -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -Zn2 O -+ O -, O -Na O -+ O -and O -K O -+ O -was O -determined O -in O -human O -erythrocytes O -and O -after O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -in O -healthy O -individuals O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -slight O -effects O -on O -the O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -content O -as O -well O -as O -on O -cation O -content O -were O -seen O -upon O -beta O -- O -blockade O -in O -the O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -determination O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -cGMP B-Chemical -, O -Zn2 O -+ O -and O -Na O -+ O -might O -reflect O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -numerous O -ganglionic O -blocking O -drugs O -that O -have O -appeared O -on O -the O -therapeutic O -scene O -, O -only O -mecamylamine B-Chemical -, O -pentolinium O -, O -and O -trimethaphan B-Chemical -are O -currently O -official O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -parameters O -significantly O -dropped O -: O -the O -levels O -of O -acid O -- O -base O -balance O -- O -pH O -, O -base O -excess O -, O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Thermostable O -protein O -fraction O -from O -retina O -of O -rats O -with O -hereditary O -retinal O -dystrophy O -( O -Hunter O -and O -Campbell O -strains O -) O -did O -not O -inhibit O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Dynamics O -and O -mechanism O -of O -mineral O -metabolic O -disorders O -in O -excessive O -phosphorus B-Chemical -content O -in O -the O -diet O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -putting O -these O -animals O -on O -a O -food O -ration O -with O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -phosphorus B-Chemical -ratio O -of O -1 O -: O -1 O -the O -concentration O -of O -these O -elements O -in O -the O -blood O -quickly O -returns O -back O -to O -normal O -, O -while O -renal O -calcinosis O -continues O -for O -the O -whole O -period O -of O -observation O -( O -7 O -months O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -excessive O -consumption O -of O -phosphorus B-Chemical -leads O -to O -its O -increased O -excretion O -with O -the O -urine O -with O -concurrent O -diminution O -of O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -excess O -phosphorus B-Chemical -content O -in O -the O -food O -ration O -tends O -to O -directly O -derange O -absorption O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -the O -intestines O -, O -this O -resulting O -in O -the O -development O -of O -hypocalciemia O -, O -hyperparathyroidism O -and O -calcinosis O -of O -the O -viscera O -and O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Glycine O -was O -added O -in O -place O -of O -acidified O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -the O -sensitisation O -and O -aggregation O -phases O -were O -segregated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -automated O -glycine B-Chemical -system O -is O -sensitive O -to O -a O -concentration O -of O -0 O -. O -0015 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -of O -anti O -- O -D O -diluted O -in O -saline O -and O -to O -0 O -. O -006 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -of O -anti O -- O -D O -in O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -disposition O -and O -metabolism O -of O -1 O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -carbamoyl O -[ O -14C O -] O -methylphenoxy O -) O -- O -3 O -- O -isopropylaminopan O -- O -2 O -- O -ol O -( O -atenolol B-Chemical -, O -Tenormin O -) O -has O -been O -studied O -in O -man O -following O -oral O -and O -intravenous O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Faecal O -extracts O -also O -contained O -largely O -unchanged O -atenolol B-Chemical -, O -with O -small O -amounts O -of O -more O -polar O -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -doses O -of O -atenolol B-Chemical -are O -incompletely O -absorbed O -( O -range O -46 O -- O -62 O -% O -) O -, O -even O -when O -formulated O -as O -a O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -On O -the O -binding O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -and O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -metabolites I-Chemical -to O -serum O -- O -albumin O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1 O -) O -A O -procedure O -has O -been O -described O -for O -the O -purification O -of O -two O -glutamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chorismate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amidotransferase I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -anthranilate O -phosphoribosyltransferases O -from O -mutant O -strains O -TAX6trpR782 O -and O -trpAB1653trpR782 O -of O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -3 O -) O -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -anthranilate O -phosphoribosyltransferase O -of O -the O -wild O -type O -component O -II O -, O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chorismate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amidotransferase I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -proteins O -do O -not O -complex O -with O -component O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Analytical O -data O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -( O -rohypnol O -) O -, O -a O -new O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -derivative I-Chemical -, O -in O -special O -consideration O -of O -its O -metabolites O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Quantitative O -determination O -of O -the O -reactivity O -of O -the O -body O -by O -means O -of O -the O -intradermal O -administration O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -demonstrated O -that O -in O -the O -process O -of O -erythrocyte O -sensitization O -with O -flagellin O -of O -great O -importance O -were O -electrostatic O -, O -hydrogen B-Chemical -, O -and O -hydrophobic O -powers O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -system O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -inverse O -relationship O -is O -not O -acceptable O -for O -cultivation O -of O -typhoid O -bacilli O -with O -a O -high O -reproductive O -rate O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -. O - -aps B-category -Polymorphism O -of O -the O -cobalt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -activated I-Chemical -acylase O -in O -human O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -injection O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -in O -rats O -resulted O -in O -a O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -dysfunction O -that O -was O -rapidly O -reversible O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -faint O -fluorescence O -( O -Evans O -blue O -- O -albumin O -) O -was O -seen O -in O -the O -walls O -of O -some O -intracerebral O -arterioles O -in O -a O -few O -rats O -given O -the O -tracer O -10 O -min O -after O -angiotensin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -responses O -of O -the O -nasal O -capacitance O -vessels O -of O -the O -cat O -were O -recorded O -following O -intra O -- O -arterial O -injections O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonists O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -- O -and O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -agonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -, O -2 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -aminoethyl O -) O -pyridine O -( O -H1 O -- O -agonist O -) O -and O -4 O -- O -methylhistamine O -( O -predominantly O -H2 O -- O -agonist O -) O -all O -evoked O -vasodilation O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -nasal O -capacitance O -vessels O -of O -the O -cat O -contain O -beta O -2 O -- O -adrenoceptors O -and O -H1 O -- O -and O -H2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -histamine I-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Alprenolol O -fails O -to O -antagonize O -the O -metabolic O -changes O -following O -repeated O -thyroxine B-Chemical -injections O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -myocardium O -and O -thigh O -muscle O -, O -thyroxine B-Chemical -treatment O -resulted O -in O -elevated O -activity O -of O -oxidative O -enzymes O -, O -succinate O -dehydrogenase O -, O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -, O -while O -the O -activities O -of O -glycolytic O -enzymes O -remained O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -brown O -fat O -, O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -thyroxine B-Chemical -injections O -resulted O -in O -a O -reduction O -of O -the O -activity O -of O -oxidative O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -these O -changes O -, O -which O -were O -not O -observable O -in O -rats O -treated O -with O -daily O -alprenolol O -( O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -injections O -, O -were O -as O -pronounced O -in O -rats O -injected O -with O -alprenolol O -together O -with O -thyroxine B-Chemical -as O -in O -rats O -injected O -with O -thyroxine B-Chemical -only O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -changes O -in O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -( O -PRA O -) O -during O -short O -- O -term O -salt B-Chemical -depletion O -( O -and O -peroral O -furosemide B-Chemical -on O -the O -first O -day O -) O -and O -after O -bolus O -injection O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -were O -compared O -to O -the O -change O -during O -long O -- O -term O -treatment O -with O -diuretic B-Chemical -and O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -19 O -patients O -with O -benign O -primary O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -highly O -significant O -correlation O -was O -likewise O -found O -between O -initial O -PRA O -and O -decrement O -of O -PRA O -after O -bolus O -injection O -of O -or O -long O -- O -term O -treatment O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -correlation O -was O -found O -between O -decrease O -in O -PRA O -on O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -bolus O -/ O -long O -- O -term O -) O -and O -diastolic O -BP O -reduction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -soluble O -acyl O -- O -thioester O -hydrolase O -in O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -chain O -- O -length O -termination O -in O -rabbit O -mammary O -gland O -and O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biosynthesis O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -from O -malonyl O -- O -CoA O -and O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -was O -investigated O -with O -an O -enzyme O -preparation O -which O -was O -purified O -100 O -- O -fold O -from O -Brevibacterium O -ammoniagenes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -results O -were O -obtained O -: O -1 O -) O -HB O -hydrogen B-Chemical -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -was O -used O -for O -beta O -- O -ketoacyl O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -) O -Hydrogen O -atoms O -from O -water O -were O -found O -on O -the O -even O -- O -numbered O -methylene O -carbon B-Chemical -atoms O -( O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydrogen I-Chemical -atoms O -per O -carbon B-Chemical -atom O -) O -and O -some O -were O -also O -found O -on O -the O -odd O -- O -numbered O -methylene O -carbon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -) O -Hydrogen O -atoms O -from O -NADH O -were O -also O -found O -on O -the O -odd O -- O -numbered O -methylene O -carbon B-Chemical -atoms O -, O -but O -the O -number O -of O -incorporated O -hydrogen B-Chemical -atoms O -was O -less O -than O -expected O -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -) O -The O -exchange O -of O -methylene O -hydrogen B-Chemical -atoms O -of O -malonyl O -- O -CoA O -with O -proton O -of O -water O -was O -suggested O -by O -13C O -NMR O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Redox O -modulation O -of O -splenic O -cell O -soluble O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -: O -activation O -by O -hydrophilic O -and O -hydrophobic O -oxidants O -represented O -by O -ascorbic O -and O -dehydroascorbic O -acids O -, O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -hydroperoxides O -, O -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -endoperoxides O -. O - -aps B-category -Guanylate O -cyclase O -: O -activation O -by O -azide O -, O -nitro O -compounds O -, O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -, O -and O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -radical O -and O -inhibition O -by O -hemoglobin O -and O -myoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanism O -for O -selectively O -inhibiting O -the O -activation O -of O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -and O -adenylate O -cyclase O -by O -antipsychotic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -cGMP B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -the O -initiation O -of O -cellular O -proliferation O -. O - -aps B-category -Focal O -and O -segmental O -glomerular O -sclerosis O -is O -the O -most O -common O -pathologic O -finding O -in O -the O -syndrome O -of O -heroin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -associated I-Chemical -nephropathy O -( O -HAN O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Removing O -the O -antigenic O -challenge O -by O -stopping O -heroin B-Chemical -injection O -apparently O -interdicts O -the O -progression O -of O -renal O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -and O -methotrexate B-Chemical -on O -the O -' O -field O -effect O -' O -or O -unresponsiveness O -observed O -in O -the O -rat O -and O -mouse O -GvHR O -. O - -aps B-category -Methotrexate B-Chemical -and O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -demonstrated O -different O -temporal O -responses O -indicating O -different O -mechanisms O -of O -their O -immunosuppresdive O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5HT O -) O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -( O -5HTP O -) O -form O -cyclic O -compounds O -( O -probably O -of O -the O -tetrahydro B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboline I-Chemical -type O -) O -with O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -PLP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurable O -levels O -of O -antibiotic O -( O -penicillins B-Chemical -, O -aminoglycosides B-Chemical -) O -were O -present O -in O -CSF O -of O -ten O -of O -23 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Bile O -acids O -increase O -the O -release O -of O -human O -enteropeptidase O -as O -well O -as O -other O -brush O -- O -border O -enzymes O -( O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -leucine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -) O -from O -duodenal O -mucosa O -, O -as O -had O -been O -shown O -earlier O -in O -experimental O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Contrary O -to O -some O -results O -obtained O -with O -animal O -tissue O -, O -by O -other O -investigators O -, O -our O -experiments O -with O -human O -duodenal O -mucosa O -indicate O -that O -enteropeptidase O -, O -under O -all O -conditions O -tested O -, O -is O -released O -at O -a O -rate O -considerably O -greater O -than O -that O -for O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -or O -leucine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -basal O -rate O -of O -HCO3 O -- O -secretion O -( O -approximately O -40 O -mueq O -- O -h O -- O -1 O -) O -was O -, O -in O -most O -cases O -, O -smaller O -than O -spontaneous O -H O -+ O -secretion O -, O -but O -gastric O -net O -secretory O -output O -was O -alkaline O -( O -HCO3 O -- O -greater O -than O -H O -+ O -) O -after O -inhibition O -of O -acid O -secretion O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -( O -cimetidine B-Chemical -20 O -mg O -- O -kg O -- O -1 O -or O -metiamide O -35 O -mg O -- O -kg O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -hydrolase O -of O -gastric O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymatic O -activity O -was O -partially O -purified O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -esterase O -was O -markedly O -inhibited O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -cholate B-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -DFP O -at O -low O -concentration O -and O -by O -eserine B-Chemical -at O -millimolar O -concentrations O -suggests O -that O -this O -enzyme O -is O -related O -to O -the O -group O -of O -aliphatic O -esterases O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -perfused O -rat O -lungs O -were O -used O -to O -investigate O -effects O -of O -paraquat O -on O -lung O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -lung O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -, O -estimated O -from O -rate O -of O -3H2O O -production O -from O -[ O -5 O -- O -3H O -] O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -was O -44 O -mumol O -/ O -h O -- O -g O -dry O -wt O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -perfusion O -with O -1 O -. O -5 O -mM O -paraquat O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -increased O -28 O -% O -, O -14CO2 O -production O -via O -the O -pentose O -cycle O -increased O -182 O -% O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -, O -CO2 O -production O -via O -mitochondrial O -metabolism O -increased O -39 O -% O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -, O -and O -the O -rate O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -increased O -28 O -% O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -indicate O -that O -interaction O -of O -paraquat O -with O -the O -lung O -results O -in O -increased O -turnover O -of O -cytoplasmic O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -increased O -mitochondrial O -metabolism O -, O -but O -no O -significant O -change O -in O -cytoplasmic O -redox O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -mitochondrial O -glutamine B-Chemical -transport O -and O -metabolism O -: O -studies O -with O -a O -rapid O -- O -mixing O -, O -rapid O -- O -filtration O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -men O -serum O -insulin O -- O -, O -GH O -- O -and O -total O -corticoid O -levels O -correlate O -positive O -significant O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -levels O -, O -relative O -body O -weight O -and O -blood O -pressure O -, O -which O -possibly O -shows O -, O -that O -these O -hormones O -may O -play O -a O -role O -in O -the O -development O -of O -degenerative O -heart O -and O -blood O -vessel O -diseases O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -postmenopausal O -women O -LH O -and O -FSH O -serum O -levels O -correlate O -positive O -significant O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -levels O -, O -blood O -pressure O -and O -relative O -body O -weight O -, O -the O -so O -called O -risk O -factors O -for O -arteriosclerosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -a O -number O -of O -drugs O -to O -abolish O -the O -emergence O -delirium O -and O -unpleasant O -dreams O -which O -follow O -anaesthesia O -induced O -with O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -ketamine B-Chemical -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -given O -intravenously O -10 O -min O -before O -induction O -of O -anaesthesia O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -and O -lorazepam B-Chemical -gave O -best O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -doubt O -that O -4 O -mg O -lorazepam B-Chemical -gave O -the O -greatest O -protection O -and O -is O -worthy O -of O -further O -study O -in O -this O -respect O -. O - -aps B-category -Attenuation O -of O -psychic O -sequelae O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -by O -lorazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -solubilities O -calculated O -for O -a O -pH O -of O -7 O -. O -371 O -( O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -) O -are O -as O -follows O -: O -Bupivacaine B-Chemical -. O -HCl O -0 O -. O -83 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -10 O -mh O -/ O -ml O -Carticaine O -. O -HCl O -27 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -8 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -Lidocaine B-Chemical -. O -HCl O -24 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -3 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -Mepivacaine O -. O -HCl O -14 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -Tetracaine O -. O -HCl O -1 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -12 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -in O -vitro O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -precipitated O -from O -a O -pH O -higher O -than O -7 O -. O -37 O -in O -concentrations O -higher O -than O -0 O -. O -8 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -[ O -2 O -] O -, O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -spinal O -fluid O -in O -vivo O -was O -lower O -than O -7 O -. O -35 O -continually O -and O -the O -concentration O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -not O -higher O -than O -0 O -. O -3 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comment O -on O -R O -. O -Dudziak O -and O -M O -. O -Uihlein O -: O -" O -Solubility O -of O -local O -anesthetics O -in O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -and O -its O -dependance O -from O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ion I-Chemical -concentration O -" O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraoperative O -rises O -of O -blood O -pressure O -and O -tachycardia O -were O -prevented O -by O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -0 O -. O -4 O -mg O -Pindolol O -( O -Visken O -) O -, O -whereas O -increases O -in O -the O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -levels O -at O -the O -end O -of O -the O -operation O -were O -the O -same O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -patients O -without O -beta O -blocker O -treatment O -pH O -and O -standard O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -at O -the O -end O -of O -the O -operation O -were O -lower O -as O -the O -result O -of O -the O -stimulation O -of O -ketogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnesium B-Chemical -Trisilicate O -B O -. O -P O -. O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -Placental O -transfer O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -: O -effects O -of O -fetal O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -maternal O -- O -fetal O -equilibrium O -was O -reached O -, O -the O -fetus O -was O -made O -acidotic O -by O -infusing O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -intravenously O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fetal O -- O -maternal O -lidocaine B-Chemical -ratio O -increased O -from O -0 O -. O -76 O -to O -1 O -. O -21 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -acidosis O -in O -the O -fetus O -may O -result O -in O -trapping O -of O -ionized O -lidocaine B-Chemical -in O -the O -fetal O -circulation O -and O -increase O -the O -transfer O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -across O -the O -placenta O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -- O -vitro O -and O -in O -- O -vivo O -studies O -in O -a O -high O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -affinity I-Chemical -mutant O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Careful O -analyses O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -dissociation O -curves O -of O -erythrocytes O -, O -determined O -at O -varying O -pH O -and O -Pco2 O -in O -fresh O -and O -DPG O -- O -depleted O -cells O -, O -gave O -extensive O -information O -on O -the O -abnormal O -function O -of O -the O -mutant O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -combination O -of O -drugs O -consisting O -of O -low O -- O -molecular O -- O -weight O -dextran B-Chemical -, O -an O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -agent O -, O -and O -a O -vasodilator O -was O -tried O -with O -encouraging O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cofactor O -is O -essential O -in O -hydroxylation O -of O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -precursors O -in O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -neurotransmitters O -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -, O -homovanillic O -acid O -( O -HVA O -) O -was O -low O -normal O -at O -33 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -) O -was O -low O -at O -4 O -. O -2 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -, O -and O -after O -a O -high O -dose O -of O -oral O -probenecid O -there O -was O -impaired O -accumulation O -of O -HVA O -to O -128 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -to O -22 O -. O -4 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -restoration O -of O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -in O -brain O -appears O -to O -have O -delayed O -the O -rate O -of O -neurological O -deterioration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stability O -and O -interaction O -at O -29 O -degrees O -C O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -, O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -, O -gentamicin B-Chemical -, O -and O -polymyxin O -B O -were O -examined O -in O -a O -common O -electrolyte O -solution O -, O -invertose O -darrow O -, O -and O -in O -two O -synthetic O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -solutions O -, O -one O -commercial O -( O -vamin O -with O -fructose O -; O -Vitrum O -) O -and O -the O -other O -a O -neonatal O -preparation O -modified O -for O -use O -in O -newborn O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -in O -invertose O -darrow O -fell O -52 O -% O -, O -and O -in O -vamin O -with O -fructose O -it O -fell O -69 O -% O -, O -whereas O -in O -the O -neonatal O -preparation O -the O -fall O -was O -only O -22 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combination O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -or O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -with O -gentamicin B-Chemical -or O -polymyxin O -B O -did O -not O -influence O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -penicillins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -exception O -of O -cystine O -, O -the O -concentration O -of O -all O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -remained O -constant O -after O -24 O -h O -in O -the O -neonatal O -preparation O -with O -and O -without O -the O -different O -combinations O -of O -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -such O -strain O -, O -referred O -to O -as O -BM O -6001 O -, O -was O -shown O -to O -inactivate O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -process O -was O -found O -to O -be O -inducible O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -of O -an O -inducible O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -responsible O -for O -the O -inactivation O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -loss O -of O -resistance O -was O -enhanced O -by O -ethidium O -bromide B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -but O -no O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -mutant O -was O -isolated O -by O -mutagenesis O -of O -a O -" O -cured O -" O -clone O -or O -naturally O -susceptible O -isolates O -. O - -aps B-category -Irreversible O -effects O -of O -serum O -proteins O -on O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -Destruction O -of O -another O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -, O -10485 O -, O -by O -serum O -appeared O -to O -account O -for O -some O -anomalous O -results O -during O -investigation O -into O -its O -human O -pharmacokinetics O -. O - -aps B-category -Small O -changes O -in O -the O -chemical O -structures O -of O -the O -3 O -- O -and O -7 O -- O -substituents O -of O -the O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -made O -profound O -changes O -in O -their O -susceptibility O -to O -serum O -attack O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -complex O -that O -causes O -breakdown O -of O -the O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -compounds O -is O -not O -necessarily O -the O -same O -as O -the O -one O -causing O -serum O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -appreciable O -differences O -in O -susceptibility O -patterns O -were O -apparent O -between O -the O -two O -groups O -, O -and O -, O -except O -for O -one O -isolate O -, O -all O -were O -highly O -susceptible O -to O -every O -drug O -tested O -except O -gentamicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -additional O -43 O -pneumococci O -recently O -received O -from O -various O -areas O -of O -the O -United O -States O -and O -Canada O -were O -screened O -by O -a O -disk O -agar O -diffusion O -method O -for O -penicillin B-Chemical -resistance O -. O - -aps B-category -Antimicrobial O -susceptibility O -patterns O -of O -pneumococci O -to O -antimicrobials O -other O -than O -penicillin B-Chemical -and O -its O -analogs O -have O -not O -changed O -substantially O -in O -over O -a O -decade O -. O - -aps B-category -Susceptibility O -of O -skin O -and O -throat O -strains O -of O -group O -A O -streptococci O -to O -rosamicin O -and O -erythromycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -these O -strains O -, O -97 O -. O -6 O -% O -were O -inhibited O -by O -0 O -. O -1 O -to O -0 O -. O -2 O -mug O -of O -rosamicin O -per O -ml O -, O -whereas O -90 O -. O -9 O -% O -were O -inhibited O -by O -0 O -. O -025 O -to O -0 O -. O -05 O -mug O -of O -erythromycin B-Chemical -per O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -group O -A O -strains O -of O -streptococcus O -that O -were O -highly O -resistant O -to O -erythromycin B-Chemical -were O -even O -more O -resistant O -to O -rosamicin O -. O - -aps B-category -Monolayers O -of O -pure O -egg O -- O -lecithin O -at O -maximum O -equilibrium O -pressure O -were O -tested O -against O -eight O -species O -of O -mosquito O -in O -the O -laboratory O -, O -Anopheline O -larvae O -were O -prevented O -from O -surfacing O -and O -died O -in O -water O -of O -low O -dissolved O -oxygen B-Chemical -content O -, O -but O -culicine O -larvae O -survived O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -various O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -and O -SKF O -525 O -- O -A O -on O -dimethyltryptamine O -content O -in O -rat O -brain O -and O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Ganglion O -blocking O -effects O -of O -streptomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Streptomycin B-Chemical -had O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -, O -blocking O -effect O -on O -the O -postganglionic O -action O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -are O -interpreted O -as O -indicating O -that O -ganglionic O -blockade O -by O -streptomycin B-Chemical -is O -due O -, O -mainly O -, O -to O -a O -presynaptic O -effect O -which O -results O -in O -a O -decreased O -release O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Aerosolized O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -, O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -and O -oxymetrazoline O -elicited O -dose O -related O -decongestive O -response O -in O -a O -naris O -subjected O -to O -prior O -congestion O -( O -aerosolized O -histamine B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -drug O -metabolizing O -enzymes O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -was O -without O -effect O -either O -on O -the O -metabolism O -or O -renal O -excretion O -of O -nitrofurantoin O -nor O -could O -the O -renal O -excretion O -of O -this O -drug O -be O -diminished O -by O -repeated O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acid O -phosphatase O -of O -either O -tissue O -broke O -up O -p O -- O -nitrophenylphosphate O -at O -a O -rate O -twice O -as O -high O -as O -that O -reached O -for O -di B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -phenylphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Reported O -in O -this O -paper O -are O -changes O -in O -the O -acid O -- O -base O -state O -and O -lactic O -concentration O -of O -blood O -and O -muscle O -samples O -taken O -from O -28 O -pigs O -prior O -to O -, O -during O -, O -and O -after O -high O -- O -intensity O -exhausting O -stress O -applied O -at O -ambient O -temperatures O -between O -17 O -degrees O -C O -and O -21 O -degrees O -C O -and O -at O -35 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Close O -correlations O -were O -found O -to O -exist O -between O -acid O -- O -base O -states O -, O -on O -the O -one O -hand O -, O -and O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -concentrations O -, O -on O -the O -other O -. O - -aps B-category -Close O -relationships O -were O -established O -between O -the O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -concentration O -of O -venous O -blood O -plasma O -, O -blood O -pH O -, O -and O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -musculus O -longissimus O -dorsi O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -fibroblast O -interferon B-Chemical -, O -obtained O -by O -chromatography O -on O -concanavalin O -A O -- O -agarose O -, O -was O -stable O -for O -at O -least O -a O -month O -in O -30 O -- O -- O -50 O -per O -cent O -ethylene O -glycol O -at O -4 O -degrees O -, O -- O -- O -20 O -degrees O -, O -and O -- O -- O -70 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -succinct O -point O -of O -the O -present O -finding O -is O -that O -human O -fibroblast O -interferon B-Chemical -may O -be O -stabilized O -by O -ethylene O -glycol O -alone O -without O -the O -addition O -of O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -and O -' O -back O -- O -contamination O -' O -of O -the O -interferon B-Chemical -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -Electron O -- O -paramagnetic O -- O -resonance O -studies O -on O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -K12 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fifth O -molybdenum O -( O -V O -) O -species O -, O -sometimes O -detected O -in O -small O -amounts O -, O -appears O -not O -to O -be O -due O -to O -functional O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -Iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulphur I-Chemical -and O -other O -e O -. O -p O -. O -r O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -the O -lowest O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -( O -p O -( O -50 O -) O -5 O -. O -34mmHg O -) O -, O -an O -intermediate O -Bohr O -effect O -( O -ø O -- O -0 O -. O -09 O -at O -20 O -degrees O -C O -) O -above O -pH8 O -and O -a O -temperature O -- O -sensitivity O -( O -DeltaH O -- O -44 O -. O -8 O -to O -- O -45 O -. O -6kJ O -/ O -mol O -at O -pH8 O -- O -9 O -) O -comparable O -with O -those O -observed O -with O -other O -invertebrate O -haemoglobins O -[ O -Weber O -& O -amp O -; O -Heidemann O -( O -1977 O -) O -Comp O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -haemoglobin O -III O -, O -which O -is O -induced O -second O -several O -hours O -after O -the O -induction O -of O -haemoglobin O -II O -but O -disappearing O -from O -the O -haemolymph O -in O -the O -middle O -of O -adult O -life O -, O -has O -the O -highest O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -( O -p O -( O -50 O -) O -1 O -. O -8mmHg O -) O -, O -the O -lowest O -Bohr O -effect O -( O -ø O -- O -0 O -. O -03 O -at O -20 O -degrees O -C O -) O -above O -pH8 O -. O -5 O -and O -a O -high O -resistance O -against O -temperature O -variation O -between O -10 O -and O -25 O -degrees O -C O -at O -pH8 O -. O -5 O -- O -9 O -( O -DeltaH O -- O -22 O -. O -6 O -to O -- O -23 O -. O -0kJ O -/ O -mol O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Equilibrium O -binding O -of O -coenzymes O -and O -substrates O -to O -nicotinamide O -- O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -from O -bovine O -heart O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -affinity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -is O -about O -100 O -- O -fold O -greater O -than O -it O -is O -for O -NADP O -+ O -in O -various O -buffer O -/ O -salt B-Chemical -solutions O -, O -and O -the O -affinities O -for O -both O -coenzymes O -are O -decreased O -by O -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -increase O -in O -ionic O -strength O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -protein O -fluorescence O -caused O -by O -changes O -in O -ionic O -strength O -and O -by O -the O -binding O -of O -substrates O -, O -Mg2 O -+ O -or O -NADP O -+ O -( O -but O -not O -NADPH B-Chemical -) O -are O -relatively O -slow O -, O -suggesting O -conformation O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -Transient O -kinetics O -of O -nicotinamide O -- O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -from O -bovine O -heart O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -the O -enzyme O -has O -been O -preincubated O -with O -NADP O -+ O -and O -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -in O -0 O -. O -05 O -M O -- O -triethanolamine O -chloride B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -, O -with O -the O -addition O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -M B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NaCl I-Chemical -, O -the O -amount O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -formed O -in O -the O -fast O -phase O -is O -only O -60 O -% O -of O -the O -enzyme O -subunit O -concentration O -, O -and O -the O -turnover O -rate O -is O -at O -first O -lower O -than O -the O -steady O -- O -state O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -alkaline O -proteinase O -is O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -equimolar O -amounts O -of O -soya O -- O -bean O -trypsin O -inhibitor O -and O -ovomucoid O -, O -whereas O -di O -- O -isopropyl O -phosphorofluoidate O -and O -alpha O -- O -toluenesulphonyl O -fluoride B-Chemical -have O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversible O -inactivation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -from O -guinea O -pig O -liver O -by O -thiol B-Chemical -and O -disulfide O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Superoxide B-Chemical -anion O -as O -a O -cofactor O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydrxylase I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Relaxation O -of O -solvent O -protons O -by O -cobalt B-Chemical -bovine O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -phosphorylation O -of O -bovine O -adrenal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -by O -cyclic O -AMP O -- O -dependent O -protein O -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -feedback O -suppressor O -cell O -expresses O -all O -three O -Ly O -antigens O -as O -well O -as O -the O -Qa O -1 O -antigen O -on O -its O -surface O -, O -is O -very O -sensitive O -to O -low O -doses O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -, O -disappears O -relatively O -rapidly O -after O -adult O -thymectomy O -, O -and O -cannot O -be O -demonstrated O -in O -NZB O -mice O -6 O -weeks O -or O -older O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -A O -double O -- O -blind O -cross O -- O -over O -trial O -between O -placebo O -, O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -, O -and O -terfenadine B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -antihistamine O -drug O -, O -was O -performed O -in O -healthy O -male O -volunteers O -to O -determine O -and O -compare O -their O -CNS O -and O -autonomic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -On O -analogue O -rating O -scales O -, O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -produced O -a O -statistically O -significant O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -degree O -of O -sedation O -and O -impaired O -concentration O -as O -compared O -to O -placebo O -and O -terfenadine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -There O -was O -impaired O -performance O -1 O -. O -5 O -h O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -after O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -, O -3 O -. O -0 O -h O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -and O -5 O -. O -0 O -h O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -after O -clemastine O -, O -and O -3 O -. O -0 O -h O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -and O -5 O -. O -0 O -h O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -after O -promethazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -The O -subjects O -as O -a O -group O -reported O -improved O -alertness O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -and O -improved O -wakefulness O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -0 O -. O -5 O -h O -and O -3 O -. O -5 O -h O -respectively O -after O -ingestion O -of O -terfenadine B-Chemical -, O -and O -were O -less O -energetic O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -7 O -. O -0 O -h O -after O -ingestion O -of O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -differed O -from O -orciprenaline B-Chemical -in O -that O -the O -peak O -bronchodilator O -effect O -was O -not O -maintained O -during O -the O -60 O -min O -observation O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -microsomal O -mixed O -function O -oxidase O -system O -: O -redox O -properties O -of O -detergent O -- O -solubilized O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -P O -- O -450 O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -reduction O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -molecular O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -an O -02 O -- O -stable O -semiquinone O -containing O -one O -flavin O -free O -radical O -per O -two O -flavins O -was O -formed O -, O -in O -agreement O -with O -previous O -work O -on O -purified O -trypsin O -- O -solubilized O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reductase O -reduced O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -( O -from O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rabbits O -) O -and O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -448 O -( O -from O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rabbits O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Affinity O -chromatography O -of O -H O -+ O -- O -translocating O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -isolated O -by O -chloroform B-Chemical -extraction O -of O -Rhodospirillum O -rubrum O -chromatophores O -. O - -aps B-category -Activity O -may O -be O -inhibited O -by O -treatment O -with O -4 O -- O -chloro O -- O -7 O -- O -nitrobenzofurazan O -and O -subsequently O -restored O -by O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -12 O -mM O -ATP O -an O -inactive O -protein O -is O -eluted O -which O -does O -not O -run O -on O -acid O -or O -alkali B-Chemical -polyacrylamide O -gels O -and O -shows O -a O -complex O -subunit O -structure O -. O - -aps B-category -Synergism O -of O -triggered O -luminescence O -by O -simultaneous O -treatment O -of O -pH O -transition O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -addition O -in O -chloroplasts O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluorine O -- O -19 O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -spectroscopy O -is O -applied O -to O -the O -study O -of O -the O -environment O -of O -dipalmitoyl O -phosphatidylcholine O -- O -bound O -fluorinated O -ether B-Chemical -anesthetics O -( O -enflurane B-Chemical -, O -fluoroxene O -and O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -) O -both O -below O -and O -above O -the O -lipid O -gel O -to O -liquid O -crystal O -phase O -transition O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -ascites O -cells O -were O -incubated O -in O -Eagle O -' O -s O -medium O -( O -containing O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -) O -there O -was O -extensive O -glycolysis O -, O -producing O -very O -acidic O -conditions O -, O -and O -ribosomal O -proteins O -S3 O -and O -L14 O -became O -phosphorylated O -whereas O -Lgamma O -became O -dephosphorylated O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -depriving O -ascites O -cells O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -may O -induce O -the O -synthesis O -of O -a O -protein O -( O -or O -proteins O -) O -, O -necessary O -for O -alteration O -of O -the O -pattern O -of O -phosphorylation O -of O -the O -ribosomal O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -protein O -methylase O -which O -specifically O -transfers O -methyl O -groups O -from O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -to O -arginine O -residues O -of O -histones O -has O -been O -substantially O -purified O -from O -Krebs O -II O -ascites O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -According O -to O -this O -mechanism O -, O -the O -chromatin O -bound O -enzyme O -adds O -120 O -- O -130 O -adenosine B-Chemical -nucleotides O -to O -chromosomal O -RNA O -and O -consequently O -the O -nucleoplasmic O -enzyme O -completes O -the O -poly O -- O -adenylation O -by O -adding O -80 O -- O -90 O -more O -AMP O -units O -to O -the O -polyadenylated O -end O -of O -chromosomal O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effectiveness O -of O -several O -commonly O -used O -inhibitors O -of O -ribonuclease O -( O -RNAase O -) O -has O -been O -studied O -using O -the O -removal O -of O -radio O -- O -labelled O -leucine B-Chemical -from O -leucyl O -- O -tRNA O -as O -a O -sensitive O -assay O -for O -RNAase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Intramembraneous O -localization O -of O -rat O -liver O -microsomal O -hexose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -membrane O -permeability O -to O -its O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -enzyme O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -homogeneous O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -( O -SDS O -) O -- O -polyacrylamide O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -pH O -on O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -intermediate O -and O -the O -dioxygen O -reducing O -site O -in O -blue O -oxidases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -weak O -luminescence O -that O -accompanies O -the O -linoleate O -- O -lipoxygenase O -reaction O -was O -greatly O -enhanced O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -indole O -analogues O -, O -and O -especially O -indole O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lysophosphatidylcholine O -acyltransferase O -, O -which O -catalyzes O -the O -acylation O -of O -lysophosphatidylcholine O -with O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -coenzyme O -A O -to O -form O -phosphatidylcholine O -, O -was O -assayed O -in O -gall O -- O -bladder O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Lysophospholipase O -, O -which O -catalyzes O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -lysophosphatidylcholine O -to O -glycerophosphorylcholine O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -was O -also O -demonstrated O -in O -gall O -- O -bladder O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Iodination O -at O -pH O -7 O -yielded O -predominantly O -monoiodotyrosine O -, O -but O -at O -lower O -pH O -, O -fewer O -tyrosyl O -residues O -are O -labeled O -and O -a O -greater O -number O -of O -unstable O -sulfur B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iodine I-Chemical -bonds O -are O -formed O -at O -cysteinyl O -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -functional O -properties O -of O -reconstituted O -ferrous O -erythrocruorin O -( O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -, O -cooperativity O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -binding O -, O -magnitude O -of O -Bohr O -effect O -) O -are O -very O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -the O -" O -stable O -" O -low O -cooperativity O -form O -of O -the O -undissociated O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -slight O -, O -but O -definite O -increase O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -was O -observed O -for O -Hb O -A2 O -as O -well O -as O -for O -Hb O -P O -- O -Nilotic O -while O -the O -increase O -for O -the O -Hb O -Lepore O -- O -Washington O -was O -somewhat O -greater O -. O - -aps B-category -10 O -( O -- O -10 O -) O -M O -. O -It O -was O -found O -that O -spontaneous O -cleavage O -of O -the O -hormone O -takes O -place O -upon O -its O -incubation O -in O -air O -or O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Coating O -laboratory O -ware O -with O -cetyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -also O -was O -helpful O -. O - -aps B-category -Mediated O -transport O -and O -metabolism O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -in O -rat O -aorta O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidation O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -to O -CO2 O -occurs O -under O -aerobic O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -L O -- O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -are O -excluded O -from O -the O -cells O -when O -neither O -oxygen B-Chemical -nor O -glucose B-Chemical -is O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -is O -apparently O -not O -due O -to O -the O -inhibition O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -by O -L O -- O -glyceraldehyde O -. O - -aps B-category -Raising O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -incubation O -medium O -markedly O -depresses O -the O -uptake O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -collagen O -cross O -- O -linking O -and O -lysyl O -oxidase O -by O -estrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -it O -is O -clear O -that O -estrogen B-Chemical -stimulates O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -and O -accelerates O -the O -maturation O -of O -collagen O -and O -elastin O -in O -extracellular O -space O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -10 O -micron O -of O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -agonist O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -to O -polymorphonuclear O -leukocytes O -suspended O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -Krebs O -- O -Ringer O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -buffer O -( O -pH O -6 O -. O -7 O -) O -activated O -phosphorylase O -, O -inactivated O -glycogen O -synthase O -R O -maximally O -within O -30 O -s O -, O -and O -resulted O -in O -glycogen O -breakdown O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -were O -blocked O -by O -20 O -micron O -phentolamine B-Chemical -and O -were O -absent O -in O -cells O -incubated O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activation O -of O -phosphorylase O -by O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -possibly O -also O -by O -glucagon O -are O -thought O -mediated O -by O -an O -increased O -concentration O -of O -cytosolic O -Ca2 O -+ O -activating O -phosphorylase O -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -both O -compounds O -were O -blocked O -by O -10 O -micron O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -10 O -micron O -phentolamine B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -epinephrine B-Chemical -action O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -activation O -of O -phosphorylase O -is O -consistent O -with O -the O -assumption O -of O -a O -covalent O -modification O -of O -phosphorylase O -kinase O -by O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -dependent O -protein O -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -was O -also O -complicated O -because O -the O -receptor O -was O -easily O -denatured O -; O -about O -40 O -% O -of O -the O -activity O -was O -lost O -after O -a O -90 O -- O -min O -exposure O -to O -3 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -or O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -partially O -purified O -bovine O -brain O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -140 O -- O -fold O -purification O -factor O -was O -achieved O -using O -solubilization O -with O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -fractionation O -between O -20 O -- O -50 O -per O -cent O -saturation O -, O -affinity O -chromatography O -on O -concanavalin O -A O -- O -Sepharose O -4 O -B O -and O -then O -filtration O -through O -Sephadex O -G200 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -convenient O -and O -reliable O -assay O -is O -described O -for O -PGEP O -synthetase O -, O -the O -rate O -- O -limiting O -enzyme O -determining O -the O -total O -capacity O -for O -biosynthesis O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -related I-Chemical -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -phosphodiesterase O -from O -circumvallate O -papillae O -are O -studied O -, O -the O -pH O -optimum O -being O -8 O -. O -0 O -- O -- O -8 O -. O -5 O -, O -Km O -for O -cAMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -. O -5 O -. O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -and O -for O -cGMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -. O -5 O -. O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -. O -The O -enzyme O -activity O -did O -not O -change O -after O -the O -treatment O -with O -trypsin O -, O -protamine O -sulphate O -( O -0 O -. O -01 O -- O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -% O -) O -, O -heparin B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -01 O -- O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -) O -and O -taste O -agents O -: O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -( O -from O -1 O -. O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -M O -to O -1 O -. O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -quinine B-Chemical -( O -from O -4 O -. O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -to O -4 O -. O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -) O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -( O -from O -1 O -. O -10 O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -M O -to O -1 O -. O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Presence O -of O -SH O -- O -groups O -and O -histidine O -in O -the O -active O -site O -of O -Chlorella O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -p O -- O -Chloromercuribenzoate O -( O -p O -- O -CMB O -) O -is O -found O -to O -inhibit O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -, O -the O -degree O -of O -inhibition O -depending O -on O -the O -inhibitor O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -with O -p O -- O -CMB O -at O -various O -pH O -values O -, O -incubation O -after O -pre O -- O -treatment O -with O -urea B-Chemical -and O -experiments O -with O -HgCl2 O -indicate O -the O -presence O -of O -free O -and O -masked O -inside O -the O -globula O -SH O -- O -groups O -in O -the O -enzyme O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -Rabbit O -heart O -membranes O -possessing O -the O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -were O -isolated O -and O -purified O -by O -extraction O -with O -high O -ionic O -strength O -solutions O -and O -centrifugation O -in O -the O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -centrifugation O -in O -the O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -the O -activities O -of O -andenylate O -cyclase O -and O -Na O -, O -K O -- O -ATPase O -are O -not O -separated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonist O -phentolamine B-Chemical -has O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activation O -by O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -glucagon O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -; O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonist O -alprenolol O -competitively O -inhibits O -the O -effects O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -having O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -enzyme O -activation O -by O -glucagon O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -DNA O -- O -methylase O -activity O -is O -found O -to O -be O -considerably O -stable O -during O -incubation O -of O -the O -nuclei O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -; O -a O -broad O -pH O -- O -optimum O -in O -the O -alkaline O -region O -is O -observed O -( O -pH O -8 O -. O -6 O -- O -- O -9 O -. O -8 O -) O -; O -this O -activity O -is O -inhibited O -by O -Mn2 O -+ O -, O -nucleotides O -, O -actynomycin O -and O -S O -- O -adenosyl O -methionine B-Chemical -analogs O -and O -is O -activated O -by O -Mg2 O -+ O -; O -the O -incorporation O -of O -methyl O -groups O -into O -DNA O -is O -reversible O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -estimation O -of O -synthesis O -of O -inducible O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -isoenzyme O -, O -directed O -by O -poly O -- O -A O -- O -containing O -RNA O -from O -liver O -of O -intact O -and O -corticol O -treated O -rats O -, O -is O -carried O -out O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -a O -synthesis O -of O -a O -specific O -protein O -product O -, O -precipitated O -by O -antibodies O -to O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -takes O -place O -in O -cell O -- O -free O -system O -under O -translation O -of O -polysomic O -poly O -- O -A O -- O -containing O -liver O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Difficulties O -in O -comparing O -catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -related I-Chemical -enzymes O -from O -the O -brains O -of O -schizophrenics O -and O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Mitochondria O -and O -the O -control O -of O -intracellular O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Baroreceptor O -( O -aortic O -nerve O -) O -and O -post O -- O -ganglionic O -sympathetic O -( O -renal O -nerve O -) O -activities O -were O -recorded O -, O -and O -peripheral O -resistances O -were O -determined O -after O -infusion O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agents O -( O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -timolol B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -conformational O -transitions O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -binding O -protein O -parvalbumin O -III O -from O -carp O -muscle O -were O -studied O -by O -scanning O -calorimetry O -, O -potentiometric O -titration O -and O -isothermal O -calorimetric O -titration O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -profiles O -are O -similar O -in O -contour O -to O -the O -volume O -profile O -of O -the O -dextran B-Chemical -formation O -catalyzed O -by O -the O -enzyme O -dextransucrase O -, O -but O -the O -amount O -of O -the O -volume O -changes O -is O -very O -much O -larger O -for O -dextransucrase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -larger O -effects O -in O -dextransucrase O -are O -explained O -by O -the O -produced O -dextran B-Chemical -chain O -remaining O -tightly O -bound O -to O -the O -enzyme O -and O -being O -transported O -relative O -to O -the O -enzymes O -position O -in O -each O -reaction O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -PC O -were O -prepared O -to O -a O -final O -volume O -of O -50 O -ml O -from O -whole O -blood O -anticoagulated O -with O -citrate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dextrose I-Chemical -( O -CPD O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -followed O -by O -the O -presentation O -of O -the O -evidence O -that O -dopamine B-Chemical -is O -the O -inhibitory O -hypothalamic O -transducer O -controlling O -hormone O -release O -by O -prolactin O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -concept O -of O -an O -inhibitory O -control O -of O -prolactin O -secretion O -seems O -quite O -satisfactory O -, O -the O -possibility O -of O -another O -unrelated O -inhibitory O -control O -system O -is O -not O -excluded O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -, O -a O -long O -acting O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonist I-Chemical -( O -a O -functional O -analogue O -of O -PIF O -) O -, O -suppresses O -prolactin O -and O -is O -highly O -effective O -in O -treating O -many O -hypogonadal O -states O -since O -hyperprolactinaemia O -is O -common O -. O - -aps B-category -Medullary O -respiratory O -neurones O -and O -non O -- O -respiratory O -cells O -located O -in O -approximation O -to O -the O -ventral O -respiratory O -nucleus O -were O -tested O -for O -their O -responsiveness O -to O -iontophoretically O -applied O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -ACh O -) O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -phase O -- O -spanning O -respiratory O -unit O -activities O -were O -converted O -to O -phasic O -discharge O -patterns O -linked O -to O -either O -inspiration O -or O -expiration O -concomitant O -with O -application O -of O -low O -GABA B-Chemical -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -While O -application O -of O -ACh O -or O -glutamate B-Chemical -induced O -continuous O -firing O -in O -phasic O -, O -phase O -- O -spanning O -respiratory O -neurones O -, O -the O -periodic O -discharge O -patterns O -of O -inspiratory O -or O -expiratory O -units O -was O -not O -altered O -by O -ACh O -or O -, O -in O -many O -instances O -, O -by O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -Fazadinium B-Chemical -is O -eliminated O -from O -the O -body O -by O -both O -the O -liver O -and O -kidneys O -but O -the O -rates O -of O -these O -processes O -are O -insufficient O -to O -account O -for O -the O -initial O -rapid O -plasma O -clearance O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -actions O -of O -typical O -and O -atypical O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agents O -on O -two O -behavioural O -effects O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -in O -the O -mouse O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -effects O -were O -studied O -of O -4 O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonists O -against O -renin O -release O -induced O -by O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mumol O -/ O -1 O -) O -in O -rat O -kidney O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -When O -employed O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -2 O -mumol O -/ O -1 O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -atenolol B-Chemical -significantly O -inhibited O -renin O -release O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -and O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -whereas O -practolol O -and O -IPS O -339 O -[ O -t B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -butyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -ol O -- O -2 O -propyl O -) O -oximino O -- O -9 O -fluorene O -] O -had O -little O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -adrenoceptor O -involved O -in O -the O -renin O -release O -induced O -by O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -kidney O -is O -of O -the O -beta1 O -- O -type O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -In O -spontaneously O -active O -Purkinje O -fibres O -of O -young O -cows O -the O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -of O -the O -action O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -upon O -different O -electrophysiological O -parameters O -were O -measured O -. O -2 O -The O -increase O -in O -slope O -of O -diastolic O -depolarization O -could O -roughly O -be O -described O -by O -a O -one O -- O -for O -- O -one O -binding O -curve O -with O -a O -half O -maximum O -effect O -near O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -and O -the O -increase O -in O -the O -height O -of O -the O -plateau O -level O -by O -a O -two O -- O -for O -- O -one O -binding O -curve O -with O -a O -half O -maximum O -effect O -near O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -isoprenaline I-Chemical -. O -3 O -These O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -were O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -two O -parameters O -measured O -under O -voltage O -clamp O -conditions O -by O -other O -authors O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -this O -conformity O -we O -propose O -that O -the O -parameters O -evaluated O -by O -us O -from O -action O -potential O -records O -could O -be O -used O -for O -a O -qualitative O -analysis O -of O -the O -action O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -on O -pacemaker O -potassium B-Chemical -current O -and O -Ca O -influx O -. O -4 O -The O -effects O -of O -the O -isomers O -of O -a O -new O -drug O -, O -1 O -- O -isopropylamino O -- O -3 O -( O -4 O -' O -hydroxyphenoxy O -) O -- O -propan O -- O -2 O -- O -ol O -( O -IHP O -) O -, O -were O -evaluated O -in O -the O -same O -way O -as O -those O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -identical O -relationship O -, O -but O -at O -5 O -to O -10 O -times O -higher O -concentrations O -, O -was O -obtained O -with O -the O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -isomer O -. O -5 O -When O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -( O -- O -) O -- O -IHP O -was O -added O -to O -a O -preparation O -equilibrated O -with O -a O -maximum O -dose O -of O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -isoprenaline I-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -frequency O -and O -plateau O -height O -declined O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -effect O -of O -Ba2 O -+ O -on O -the O -synchronous O -release O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -from O -frog O -motor O -nerve O -terminals O -was O -studied O -by O -conventional O -electrophysiological O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -localization O -of O -enzymes O -in O -the O -substantia O -nigra O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -weeks O -after O -intranigral O -injections O -of O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -, O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -( O -GAD O -) O -, O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -( O -CAT O -) O -and O -acetylcholinesterase O -( O -AChE O -) O -were O -measured O -in O -the O -SN O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -stimulation O -of O -adenylate O -cyclase O -was O -not O -reduced O -in O -the O -lesioned O -SN O -, O -supporting O -the O -view O -that O -dendritically O -- O -released O -dopamine B-Chemical -can O -regulate O -cyclic O -AMP O -synthesis O -in O -afferent O -terminals O -to O -these O -dendrites O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -differentail O -effects O -of O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -on O -these O -enzymes O -suggest O -that O -this O -compound O -may O -be O -a O -useful O -neurochemical O -tool O -with O -which O -to O -determine O -the O -cellular O -distribution O -of O -enzyme O -systems O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -glutamate B-Chemical -as O -a O -neurotransmitter O -in O -the O -corticofugal O -fibres O -to O -the O -dorsal O -lateral O -geniculate O -body O -and O -the O -superior O -colliculus O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -- O -affinity O -uptake O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -were O -reduced O -by O -53 O -to O -75 O -% O -respectively O -in O -the O -dorsal O -lateral O -geniculate O -body O -and O -by O -46 O -and O -53 O -% O -respectively O -in O -the O -superior O -colliculus O -ipsilateral O -to O -the O -lesion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -- O -affinity O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -uptake O -on O -the O -contralateral O -visual O -cortex O -was O -unchanged O -from O -control O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -levels O -of O -the O -other O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -examined O -, O -including O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -, O -were O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Receptor O -- O -linked O -cyclic O -AMP O -systems O -in O -rat O -neostriatum O -: O -differential O -localization O -revealed O -by O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Basal O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -was O -reduced O -by O -up O -to O -56 O -% O -in O -the O -injected O -side O -and O -the O -sensitivity O -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -was O -abolished O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -of O -these O -changes O -were O -time O -- O -dependent O -, O -and O -were O -greatest O -7 O -- O -- O -14 O -days O -after O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Receptor O -- O -mediated O -increases O -in O -cyclic O -AMP O -accumulation O -in O -striatal O -slices O -were O -either O -unchanged O -or O -markedly O -potentiated O -by O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -striatal O -slices O -was O -no O -longer O -blocked O -by O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -, O -but O -was O -blocked O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -an O -interaction O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -with O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -in O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potentiation O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -and O -PGE1 B-Chemical -responses O -suggests O -that O -they O -may O -occur O -in O -glial O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -and O -aminergic O -drugs O -on O -thresholds O -of O -medial O -basal O -hypothalamic O -axons O -in O -the O -median O -eminence O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -or O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -mimicked O -the O -threshold O -- O -decreasing O -effect O -of O -the O -conditioning O -when O -applied O -to O -the O -ME O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -properties O -of O -cardiac O -and O -skeletal O -troponin O -C O -as O -determined O -by O -circular O -dichroism O -and O -ultraviolet O -difference O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -6 O -. O -94 O -in O -skeletal O -TN O -- O -C O -, O -apparent O -affinity O -constants O -for O -calcium B-Chemical -of O -1 O -. O -8 O -x O -10 O -( O -7 O -) O -and O -4 O -. O -5 O -x O -10 O -( O -5 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -were O -determined O -for O -the O -two O -classes O -of O -binding O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -also O -observed O -that O -the O -low O -- O -affinity O -sites O -of O -skeletal O -TN O -- O -C O -have O -a O -much O -larger O -role O -to O -play O -in O -the O -total O -conformational O -change O -than O -the O -low O -- O -affinity O -sites O -of O -cardiac O -TN O -- O -C O -, O -a O -finding O -probably O -related O -to O -the O -inability O -of O -site O -1 O -in O -the O -cardiac O -protein O -to O -bind O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dramatic O -alterations O -in O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -environment O -of O -cardiac O -TN O -- O -C O -with O -pH O -are O -attributed O -to O -either O -or O -both O -of O -the O -tyrosines O -located O -in O -the O -two O -high O -- O -affinity O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -binding O -sites O -( O -sites O -3 O -and O -4 O -) O -. O -. O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -properties O -of O -a O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -and O -( O -or O -) O -Mg2 O -+ O -- O -requiring O -nucleoside B-Chemical -di O -- O -and O -tri O -- O -phosphatase O -( O -s O -) O -associated O -with O -the O -membranes O -of O -rat O -pancreatic O -zymogen O -granules O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -data O -support O -the O -tentative O -conclusion O -that O -a O -single O -protein O -catalyzes O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -nucleoside B-Chemical -di O -- O -and O -tri O -- O -phosphates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -activated O -by O -ribose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -has O -been O -purified O -to O -homogeneity O -, O -taking O -advantage O -of O -the O -stabilization O -of O -the O -enzyme O -by O -its O -inhibitor O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -by O -thiol B-Chemical -reagents O -. O - -aps B-category -Interestingly O -, O -the O -recovery O -of O -activity O -is O -greatly O -increased O -by O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -an O -allosteric O -inhibitor O -, O -but O -markedly O -reduced O -by O -the O -allosteric O -activator O -, O -ribose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -implying O -that O -it O -is O -harder O -for O -the O -enzyme O -to O -refold O -to O -a O -' O -relaxed O -state O -. O -' O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -formation O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -dihydro O -- O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -dihydroxyaflatoxin O -B1 O -from O -aflatoxin O -B1 O -by O -hepatic O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -studies O -on O -the O -interaction O -of O -gold B-Chemical -( O -III O -) O -with O -nucleic O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -initial O -composition O -, O -temperature O -, O -ionic O -strength O -, O -pH O -and O -chloride B-Chemical -ion O -on O -the O -kinetics O -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -establish O -the O -hepatic O -enzymogram O -in O -healthy O -African O -black O -people O -, O -four O -enzymes O -have O -been O -studied O -in O -50 O -apparently O -healthy O -male O -Africans O -: O -transaminases O -( O -GOT O -, O -GPT O -) O -, O -alcaline O -phosphatases O -, O -ornithine B-Chemical -carbamoyltransferase O -( O -OCT O -) O -and O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -( O -GGT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -conscious O -Rat O -, O -it O -has O -a O -diuretic B-Chemical -action O -when O -given O -per O -os O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -composition O -of O -the O -acid O -soluble O -nucleotide B-Chemical -pool O -of O -Carp O -liver O -was O -determined O -by O -column O -chromatography O -, O -and O -its O -changes O -were O -followed O -during O -prolonged O -total O -fast O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -pyrimidine O -nucleoside B-Chemical -monophosphates O -remained O -at O -concentration O -approaching O -those O -found O -in O -regularly O -fed O -Carp O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -dogs O -anaesthetized O -with O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -( O -30 O -mg O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -Small O -doses O -of O -yohimbine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -3 O -mg O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -and O -prazosin B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -ARC239 O -( O -0 O -. O -05 O -mg O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -) O -reversed O -the O -pressor O -response O -to O -adrenaline B-Chemical -but O -even O -at O -high O -doses O -did O -not O -increase O -the O -effects O -of O -the O -stimulation O -of O -the O -cardiac O -nerve O -or O -the O -effects O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -lymphatic O -transport O -of O -enzyme O -on O -plasma O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -time O -- O -activity O -curves O -after O -myocardial O -infarction O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -an O -investigation O -into O -the O -disturbances O -of O -body O -function O -associated O -with O -burn O -injury O -we O -have O -measured O -the O -activity O -of O -alkaline O -ribonuclease O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -22 O -) O -and O -the O -level O -of O -urate B-Chemical -in O -the O -serum O -and O -urine O -of O -patients O -sustaining O -burn O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -first O -week O -a O -significant O -correlation O -between O -serum O -urea B-Chemical -and O -ribonuclease O -activity O -was O -not O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -urate B-Chemical -decrease O -expressed O -as O -a O -percentage O -of O -initial O -value O -, O -correlated O -very O -strongly O -with O -the O -predictive O -index O -of O -burn O -mortality O -. O - -aps B-category -Intact O -cells O -responded O -with O -dose O -- O -dependent O -increases O -in O -production O -of O -cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -acute O -morphine B-Chemical -administration O -on O -the O -cerebellar O -cyclic O -GMP O -level O -in O -two O -strains O -of O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fixation O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -CBF O -increases O -in O -hypoglycaemia O -and O -after O -administration O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -, O -two O -conditions O -unassociated O -with O -tissue O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -conditions O -a O -four O -- O -to O -fivefold O -increase O -in O -CBF O -occurs O -in O -spite O -of O -the O -fact O -that O -tissue O -adenosine B-Chemical -concentrations O -remain O -at O -or O -below O -1 O -mumolkg O -- O -u O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -seems O -unlikely O -that O -adenosine B-Chemical -, O -formed O -by O -breakdown O -of O -AMP O -, O -acts O -as O -a O -general O -coupling O -factor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -some O -general O -anaesthetics O -, O -for O -example O -thiopentone B-Chemical -, O -Althesin B-Chemical -( O -alphaxalone O -+ O -alphadolone O -) O -and O -ketamine B-Chemical -, O -on O -cerebral O -vascular O -smooth O -muscle O -are O -those O -which O -would O -be O -expected O -from O -their O -metabolic O -actions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -course O -of O -the O -flow O -response O -to O -the O -metabolically O -depressant O -drug O -Althesin B-Chemical -has O -been O -measured O -in O -baboons O -and O -shown O -to O -be O -very O -rapid O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -and O -H O -+ O -may O -act O -synergistically O -to O -regulate O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -because O -adenosine B-Chemical -production O -is O -enhanced O -under O -various O -experimental O -conditions O -associated O -with O -an O -imbalance O -between O -oxygen B-Chemical -supply O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -need O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -because O -adenosine B-Chemical -does O -not O -readily O -cross O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -other O -tissues O -, O -the O -accumulation O -of O -iosine O -and O -hypoxanthine O -in O -brain O -tissue O -proceeds O -at O -a O -rate O -slower O -than O -that O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -because O -one O -of O -the O -degradative O -enzymes O -, O -namely O -purine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nucleoside I-Chemical -phosphorylase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -4 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -) O -is O -located O -only O -in O -the O -vessel O -wall O -, O -which O -is O -not O -readily O -permeable O -to O -adenosine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cellular O -microenvironment O -in O -terms O -of O -Po2 O -, O -pH O -, O -[ O -K O -+ O -] O -, O -[ O -Cl O -- O -] O -, O -[ O -Ca2 O -+ O -] O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -was O -measured O -in O -rat O -brain O -by O -means O -of O -specific O -microelectrodes O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -blood O -flow O -in O -acute O -hypoxia O -occurred O -within O -1 O -- O -2 O -s O -of O -the O -fall O -in O -tissue O -Po2 O -and O -was O -much O -more O -rapid O -than O -changes O -in O -either O -pH O -or O -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -abolished O -the O -effect O -of O -IEM O -- O -506 O -, O -and O -disulfiram B-Chemical -blocked O -gonadotropic O -action O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -rats O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -and O -disulfiram B-Chemical -abolished O -the O -late O -effect O -of O -arecoline O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -regulatory O -role O -of O -m O -- O -cholinergic O -systems O -in O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -mediation O -of O -gonadotropic O -function O -and O -n O -- O -cholinergic O -system O -in O -dopamine B-Chemical -ones O -are O -suggested O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulus O -- O -secretion O -coupling O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -insulin O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -high O -concentrations O -( O -20 O -to O -50 O -micrometer O -) O -, O -menadione O -, O -in O -addition O -to O -lowering O -the O -concentration O -of O -reduced O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -in O -the O -islets O -, O -also O -impairs O -glycolysis O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidation O -, O -decreases O -ATP O -concentration O -, O -and O -inhibits O -proinsulin O -biosynthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sole O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -menadione O -10 O -micrometer O -upon O -metabolic O -parameters O -is O -to O -reduce O -the O -concentration O -of O -both O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -such O -an O -effect O -being O -noticed O -in O -islets O -exposed O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -11 O -. O -1 O -mM O -but O -not O -in O -those O -incubated O -at O -a O -higher O -glucose B-Chemical -level O -( O -27 O -. O -8 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -when O -insulinotropic O -nutrients O -are O -oxidized O -in O -the O -B O -- O -cell O -, O -the O -increased O -availability O -of O -reduced O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -could O -modify O -the O -affinity O -for O -cations O -of O -native O -ionophoretic O -systems O -, O -eventually O -leading O -to O -the O -accumulation O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -up O -to O -a O -level O -sufficient O -to O -trigger O -insulin O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -pH O -on O -the O -process O -of O -ternary O -- O -complex O -interconversion O -in O -the O -liver B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alcohol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dehydrogenase I-Chemical -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -essential O -features O -of O -the O -transient O -- O -state O -kinetics O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -oxidation O -by O -NAD O -+ O -in O -the O -liver O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -system O -can O -be O -qualitatively O -and O -quantitatively O -explained O -in O -view O -of O -the O -compulsory O -- O -order O -mechanism O -in O -the O -proposed O -scheme O -. O - -aps B-category -Transient O -- O -state O -rate O -parameters O -for O -benzyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -/ O -benzaldehyde O -catalysis O -by O -liver O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -have O -been O -determined O -at O -different O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -asymmetric O -pH O -dependence O -of O -the O -forward O -and O -reverse O -rate O -of O -ternary O -- O -complex O -interconversion O -during O -liver O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -catalysis O -appears O -to O -reflect O -an O -obligatory O -step O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -/ O -alcoholate O -ion O -equilibration O -occurring O -at O -the O -ternary O -- O -complex O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -is O -2 O -. O -9 O -x O -10 O -( O -4 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -s O -- O -1 O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -, O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -phosphate B-Chemical -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -equilibrium O -between O -the O -two O -basic O -conformational O -combinations O -for O -the O -5 O -' O -- O -nucleotides O -, O -anti O -- O -( O -N O -in O -equalibrium O -S O -) O -- O -gg O -- O -g O -' O -g O -' O -and O -syn O -- O -( O -N O -in O -equalibrium O -S O -) O -- O -gt O -- O -g O -' O -g O -' O -depends O -on O -the O -nature O -of O -the O -furanose O -ring O -, O -the O -base O -and O -also O -on O -the O -state O -of O -base O -protonation O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -ionization O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -effectively O -inhibited O -by O -several O -specific O -monooxygenase O -inhibitors O -and O -by O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -reagents O -, O -but O -not O -by O -cyanide O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -transfer O -of O -reducing O -equivalents O -proceeds O -through O -NADPH B-Chemical -cytochrome O -c O -( O -P O -- O -450 O -) O -reductase O -: O -ecdysone O -20 O -- O -monooxygenase O -is O -inhibited O -by O -cytochrome O -c O -. O -Both O -NADPH B-Chemical -cytochrome O -c O -reductase O -and O -ecdysone O -20 O -- O -monooxygenase O -are O -inhibited O -by O -NADP O -+ O -and O -show O -a O -similar O -Km O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -a O -single O -salt B-Chemical -bridge O -on O -static O -and O -dynamic O -features O -of O -the O -globular O -solution O -conformation O -of O -the O -basic O -pancreatic O -trypsin O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -acidosis O -was O -found O -to O -be O -due O -to O -accumulated O -methylmalonic O -acid O -and O -did O -not O -respond O -to O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -blood O -pressure O -control O -with O -pindolol B-Chemical -given O -once O -daily O -. O - -aps B-category -31 O -in O -- O -patients O -with O -anxiety O -entered O -at O -random O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -clinical O -trial O -of O -chlordiazepoxide O -and O -camazepam O -, O -a O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivative O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -possible O -interaction O -between O -the O -tetracyclic O -antidepressant B-Chemical -mianserin B-Chemical -and O -a O -coumarin B-Chemical -derivative O -has O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -of O -mianserin B-Chemical -was O -gradually O -increased O -to O -reach O -the O -maximum O -by O -the O -6th O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -can O -be O -concluded O -that O -there O -is O -no O -clinically O -important O -interaction O -between O -phenprocoumon O -and O -doses O -of O -mianserin B-Chemical -effective O -in O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -activity O -of O -the O -neuropeptide O -beta O -- O -LPH62 O -- O -77 O -( O -[ O -Des O -- O -Tyr1 O -] O -gamma O -- O -endorphin O -; O -DT O -gamma O -E O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -hypercapnia O -on O -plasma O -renin O -concentration O -and O -blood O -pressure O -were O -studied O -in O -anaesthetized O -dogs O -, O -untreated O -and O -after O -pretreatment O -with O -guanethidine B-Chemical -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -or O -prazosin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Prazosin B-Chemical -significantly O -reduced O -but O -did O -not O -abolish O -renin O -release O -during O -hypercapnia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -gamma O -- O -rays O -on O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -conalbumin O -was O -studied O -by O -isoelectric O -focusing O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -an O -alkali B-Chemical -stable O -polysaccharide O -from O -cell O -surface O -of O -Staphylococci O -with O -human O -fibrinogen O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurements O -of O -mitochondrial O -comes O -from O -H O -+ O -/ O -O O -quotients O -: O -effects O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -novel O -Edman O -- O -type O -degradation O -: O -direct O -formation O -of O -the O -thiohydantion O -ring O -in O -alkaline O -solution O -by O -reaction O -of O -Edman O -- O -type O -reagents O -with O -N O -- O -monomethyl O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentrations O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -and O -zinc B-Chemical -were O -measured O -by O -atomic O -absorption O -spectrometry O -. O - -aps B-category -Histochemical O -demonstration O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -D O -- O -sorbitol O -dehydrogenase O -, O -and O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -in O -human O -ampulla O -ductus O -deferentis O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -the O -local O -antihistaminic O -activity O -of O -dimetindene O -maleate B-Chemical -by O -a O -quantitative O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Sodium B-Chemical -dichloracetate O -: O -its O -application O -to O -the O -therapeutics O -of O -experimental O -hyperiactatemia O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Exogenous O -or O -endogenous O -insulin O -combined O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -dichloracetate O -reduced O -the O -hyperlactatemia O -and O -hyperpyruvicemia O -as O -well O -as O -the O -changes O -in O -blood O -pH O -provoked O -by O -phenformin O -, O -more O -strongly O -than O -did O -sodium B-Chemical -dichloroacetate O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Yeast O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -IV O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -catecholamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -after O -chronic O -treatment O -with O -, O -and O -withdrawal O -from O -, O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -New O -riboflavin B-Chemical -dependent O -mutants O -of O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -accumulating O -different O -pteridines O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -corresponding O -genes O -are O -located O -on O -terminal O -part O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -operon O -, O -as O -show O -the O -results O -of O -two O -- O -factor O -transformational O -crosses O -with O -different O -donors O -and O -recipients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mobility O -of O -the O -human O -platelet O -in O -0 O -. O -145 O -M O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -was O -- O -0 O -. O -84 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -06 O -micron O -per O -sec O -per O -volt O -per O -cm O -with O -an O -isoelectric O -point O -approximately O -at O -pH O -3 O -. O -4 O -La3 O -+ O -at O -a O -concentration O -corresponding O -to O -the O -physiological O -level O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -changed O -the O -sign O -of O -the O -electrophoretic O -mobility O -of O -the O -platelets O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -and O -pH O -4 O -. O -0 O -, O -but O -had O -only O -a O -faint O -or O -practically O -no O -effect O -at O -pH O -3 O -. O -0 O -and O -pH O -2 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Factor B-Chemical -VIII I-Chemical -has O -been O -isolated O -and O -purified O -from O -human O -granulocytes O -using O -chromatography O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -AND O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -A O -- O -50 O -. O - -aps B-category -N O -- O -bromosuccinimide O -and O -N O -- O -acetylimidazole O -it O -may O -be O -assumed O -that O -trytophan O -and O -possibly O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -influence O -the O -enzyme O -catalysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Incidence O -and O -therapy O -of O -hypertension O -, O -hyperuricemia O -, O -hyperlipidemia O -, O -diabetes O -mellitus O -, O -nicotine B-Chemical -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -abuse O -and O -obesity O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -number O -of O -case O -studies O -reveal O -and O -dynamic O -changes O -of O -the O -acid O -- O -base O -balance O -in O -the O -blood O -and O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -, O -such O -as O -the O -increasing O -decompensation O -of O -the O -metabolic O -lactate B-Chemical -acidosis O -in O -the O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -in O -lethal O -cases O -or O -the O -gradual O -regression O -in O -patients O -who O -were O -cured O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -determination O -of O -the O -CSF O -/ O -blood O -relationship O -of O -individual O -parameters O -shows O -a O -significant O -increase O -of O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -quotient O -as O -well O -as O -a O -decrease O -of O -the O -pH O -quotient O -and O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -quotient O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -but O -normal O -peaks O -of O -plasma O -LH O -and O -FSH O -were O -observed O -after O -LH O -- O -RH O -in O -CTH O -boys O -who O -showed O -a O -significant O -increase O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -after O -HCG O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -NADP O -) O -from O -Sinapis O -alba O -L O -. O -Isolation O -and O -electrophoretic O -characterization O -of O -isoenzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -characteristics O -of O -this O -variant O -are O -: O -mild O -enzyme O -deficiency O -( O -about O -50 O -% O -of O -the O -normal O -activity O -) O -in O -the O -granulocytes O -and O -the O -red O -cells O -, O -with O -normal O -G6PD O -- O -related O -antigen O -concentration O -; O -increased O -stability O -; O -normal O -Km O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -NADP O -+ O -; O -increased O -inhibition O -constant O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -; O -decreased O -inhibition O -by O -ATP O -; O -slightly O -increased O -utilization O -of O -the O -substrate O -analogue O -; O -abnormal O -pH O -curve O -, O -with O -maximum O -activity O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -5 O -; O -slightly O -reduced O -starch O -gel O -electrophoretic O -migration O -. O - -aps B-category -Wild O -- O -carrot O -( O -Daucus O -carota O -L O -. O -) O -suspension O -cultures O -grew O -and O -produced O -embryos O -on O -ammonium B-Chemical -ion O -as O -a O -sole O -source O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -in O -the O -absence O -of O -any O -exogenous O -Kreb O -' O -s O -cycle O -acid O -when O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -medium O -was O -controlled O -by O -continuous O -titration O -with O -with O -KOH O -or O -KHCO3 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -exists O -that O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -could O -be O -involved O -in O -transport O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -into O -cells O -in O -culture O -; O -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -, O -used O -in O -media O -, O -is O -an O -excellent O -substrate O -for O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -the O -glycoprotein O -capsular O -antigens O -from O -streptococcus O -type O -87 O -and O -of O -those O -from O -transformed O -pneumococci O -were O -similar O -, O -showing O -only O -minor O -differences O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -was O -found O -to O -contain O -rhamnose O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -galactose B-Chemical -, O -galactosamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -ST O -elaboration O -was O -detectable O -in O -the O -early O -logarithmic O -phase O -of O -growth O -and O -appeared O -to O -be O -related O -to O -disappearance O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -the O -growth O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -used O -sensitive O -isotopic O -and O -fluorometric O -assay O -procedures O -to O -investigate O -reduced O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -( O -phosphate B-Chemical -) O -[ O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -] O -oxidation O -in O -a O -particulate O -fraction O -derived O -from O -normal O -and O -chronic O -granulomatous O -disease O -leukocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -towards O -NADPH B-Chemical -was O -always O -substantially O -greater O -than O -that O -towards O -NADH O -at O -any O -given O -concentration O -of O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -granules O -isolated O -from O -cells O -of O -patients O -with O -chronic O -granulomatous O -disease O -showed O -allosteric O -kinetics O -regardless O -of O -whether O -they O -were O -obtained O -from O -resting O -or O -phagocytizing O -cells O -, O -so O -that O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidation O -was O -not O -measurable O -at O -physiological O -concentrations O -of O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -initiation O -of O -the O -respiratory O -burst O -by O -pahgocytosis O -normally O -requires O -an O -allosteric O -transformation O -in O -a O -reduced O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -which O -in O -turn O -allows O -expression O -of O -enzymatic O -activity O -at O -physiological O -concentrations O -of O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunochemically O -isolated O -mycoplasma O -polysaccharide O -was O -found O -to O -contain O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -galactose B-Chemical -, O -rhamnose O -, O -and O -mannose O -in O -1 O -: O -14 O -: O -5 O -: O -4 O -molar O -proportions O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -investigation O -of O -the O -respiratory O -and O -cardiovascular O -effect O -of O -mepindolol O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -in O -asthmatic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -doses O -chosen O -of O -the O -3 O -active O -drugs O -were O -almost O -equipotent O -as O -shown O -by O -the O -similarity O -in O -the O -percentage O -fall O -in O -pulse O -rates O -at O -2 O -hr O -after O -ingestion O -, O -although O -it O -was O -observed O -that O -propranolol B-Chemical -had O -a O -different O -time O -course O -of O -effect O -from O -the O -2 O -other O -beta O -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -Mepindolol O -gave O -rise O -to O -a O -rapid O -and O -statistically O -significant O -fall O -in O -lying O -diastolic O -blood O -pressure O -compared O -to O -control O -values O -; O -the O -reductions O -in O -diastolic O -B O -. O -P O -. O -for O -propranolol B-Chemical -or O -pindolol B-Chemical -were O -not O -statistically O -significant O -compared O -to O -pretreatment O -control O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -antagonism O -, O -trimepranol O -was O -four O -times O -as O -potent O -as O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -a O -weight O -basis O -. O - -aps B-category -administration O -, O -based O -both O -on O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -and O -exercise O -tests O -and O -on O -the O -effect O -of O -resting O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -multiple O -step O -- O -search O -regression O -procedure O -was O -applied O -to O -data O -obtained O -with O -37 O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -42 O -halazepam O -treated O -anxious O -outpatients O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -dosages O -employed O -, O -namely O -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -20 O -mg O -/ O -d O -and O -halazepam O -160 O -mg O -/ O -d O -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -produced O -the O -more O -consistent O -anti O -- O -anxiety O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -maintenance O -therapy O -with O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -lithium B-Chemical -and O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -may O -have O -to O -continue O -over O -extended O -periods O -of O -time O -, O -drug O -interactions O -between O -these O -psychotherapeutic O -agents O -and O -non O -- O -psychotropic O -treatments O -have O -become O -of O -practical O -clinical O -significance O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -fluorescent O -analogue O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -9 O -- O -AAP O -, O -was O -injected O -intravenously O -in O -order O -to O -detect O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -in O -the O -anterior O -segment O -of O -the O -albino O -rat O -eye O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -do O -not O -show O -stimulated O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Uranium O -assay O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -fertilizers O -and O -other O -phosphatic O -materials O -. O - -aps B-category -Bedside O -barium B-Chemical -enema O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -evaluations O -of O -monopolar O -intravascular O -oxygen B-Chemical -sensors O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -were O -carried O -out O -during O -fetal O -life O -in O -sheep O -to O -determine O -the O -relationship O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -( O -DPG O -) O -, O -the O -intracellular O -red O -cell O -and O -extracellular O -pH O -, O -and O -the O -switchover O -to O -adult O -hemoglobin O -synthesis O -in O -regulating O -the O -position O -of O -the O -fetal O -red O -cell O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -affinity I-Chemical -curve O -in O -utero O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -in O -the O -red O -cell O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -after O -120 O -days O -of O -gestation O -ocrrelated O -with O -the O -amount O -of O -adult O -hemoglobin O -present O -in O -the O -fetus O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -78 O -; O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -- O -N O -HAPA O -gentamicin B-Chemical -B O -is O -a O -new O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -active O -against O -most O -Enterobacteriaceae O -, O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -and O -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -- O -N O -HAPA O -gentamicin B-Chemical -B O -was O -equal O -in O -activity O -to O -amikacin B-Chemical -against O -both O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -and O -resistant O -isolates O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -combined O -with O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -it O -inhibited O -in O -a O -synergistic O -manner O -many O -Gram O -- O -negative O -bacteria O -, O -particularly O -Pseudomonas O -and O -Serratia O -. O - -aps B-category -Piperacillin B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -penicillin B-Chemical -with O -high O -anti O -- O -pseudomonal O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -symbiotic O -, O -nitrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fixing I-Chemical -bacterium O -Rhizobium O -sp O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -during O -free O -- O -living O -growth O -, O -Rhizobium O -32H1 O -assimilates O -ammonium B-Chemical -very O -poorly O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -is O -mediated O -by O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -and O -the O -other O -is O -mediated O -by O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -synthase O -. O - -aps B-category -Rhizobium O -32H1 O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -is O -modulated O -by O -both O -repression O -- O -derepression O -and O -reversible O -adenylylation O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -a O -second O -enzyme O -catalyzing O -the O -splitting O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mercury I-Chemical -linkages O -from O -mercury O -- O -resistant O -Pseudomonas O -K O -- O -62 O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -enzyme O -was O -purified O -about O -725 O -- O -fold O -by O -treatment O -with O -streptomycin B-Chemical -, O -precipitation O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -, O -and O -successive O -chromatography O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -75 O -and O -diethylaminoethyl O -- O -cellulose O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -estimated O -to O -be O -20 O -, O -000 O -( O -determined O -by O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -75 O -gel O -filtration O -) O -17 O -, O -000 O -( O -determined O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -disc O -gel O -electrophoresis O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -methanol O -growth O -only O -a O -phenazine O -methosulfate O -- O -linked O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -ethanol B-Chemical -growth O -this O -enzyme O -was O -absent O -and O -was O -replaced O -by O -a O -typical O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -- O -linked O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -of O -molecular O -weight O -150 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -EPR O -investigation O -of O -the O -Mn O -( O -II O -) O -binding O -sites O -in O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -Escherichia O -coli O -W O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -nucleotide B-Chemical -the O -n2 O -Mn O -( O -II O -) O -environment O -is O -nearly O -isotropic O -, O -the O -Mn O -( O -II O -) O -bonds O -are O -highly O -ionic O -, O -and O -the O -interaction O -distance O -R O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -12 O -- O -14 O -A O -. O -Nucleotide O -binding O -at O -the O -n2 O -Mn O -( O -II O -) O -site O -renders O -the O -n2 O -Mn O -( O -II O -) O -signal O -unobservable O -and O -causes O -a O -reduction O -in O -signal O -amplitude O -( O -approximately O -30 O -% O -) O -and O -line O -broadening O -( O -approximately O -6 O -G O -) O -at O -the O -high O -- O -affinity O -( O -n1 O -) O -Mn O -( O -II O -) O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -line O -with O -this O -suggestion O -, O -the O -broad O -, O -unresolved O -resonances O -in O -complexes O -containing O -both O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -SR O -- O -sulfoximine O -( O -MSOX O -) O -and O -nucleotide B-Chemical -may O -result O -from O -the O -phosphorylation O -of O -MSOX O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -assay O -can O -be O -done O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -large O -amounts O -of O -contaminating O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -protein O -and O -/ O -or O -exopeptidases O -which O -may O -interfere O -with O -the O -ordinary O -assay O -of O -proteinases O -. O - -aps B-category -Transglutaminases O -were O -found O -to O -catalyze O -the O -formation O -of O -cross O -- O -links O -between O -peptide O -chains O -by O -means O -of O -a O -transfer O -reaction O -between O -the O -carboxamide O -group O -of O -a O -glutamine B-Chemical -residue O -in O -each O -chain O -and O -both O -primary O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -of O -a O -diamine O -or O -a O -polyamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Direct O -inhibition O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -by O -catechol B-Chemical -estrogens B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nature O -of O -the O -inhibition O -is O -by O -competition O -with O -the O -pterin O -cofactor O -and O -thus O -resembles O -feedback O -inhibition O -of O -the O -enzyme O -by O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Relationship O -between O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -stimulation O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -efflux O -and O -activation O -of O -phosphorylase O -in O -isolated O -rat O -liver O -parenchymal O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxidation O -- O -reduction O -potential O -values O -for O -the O -two O -electron O -transfers O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -were O -obtained O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -3 O -, O -where O -the O -neutral O -radical O -is O -the O -stable O -form O -, O -and O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -3 O -, O -where O -the O -anion O -radical O -is O -the O -stable O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potentials O -indicated O -that O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -radicals O -are O -stabilized O -by O -kinetic O -factors O -and O -not O -by O -thermodynamic O -energy O -barriers O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -radical O -forms O -reacted O -with O -oxygen B-Chemical -in O -a O -second O -order O -fashion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -reoxidation O -of O -fully O -reduced O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -3 O -was O -dependent O -on O -ionic O -strength O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -ion O -stabilization O -of O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -transport O -system O -of O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -covalently O -bound O -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -metabolically O -labile O -, O -turning O -over O -with O -a O -t1 O -/ O -2 O -of O -approximately O -2 O -h O -( O -enzyme O -t1 O -/ O -2 O -approximately O -equal O -to O -24 O -h O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -15 O -- O -hydroxyprostaglandin O -dehydrogenase O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -high O -in O -both O -mesenteric O -arteries O -and O -veins O -; O -the O -present O -study O -suggests O -that O -it O -may O -be O -responsible O -for O -the O -inactivation O -of O -prostacyclin B-Chemical -( O -PGI2 B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -substrate O -was O -rapidly O -converted O -to O -a O -product O -, O -which O -was O -isolated O -and O -identified O -as O -6 O -, O -15 O -- O -diketo O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F1alpha O -, O -( O -6 O -, O -15 O -- O -diketo O -- O -PGF1alpha O -) O -by O -thin O -layer O -chromatography O -and O -gas O -chromatography O -- O -mass O -spectrometry O -. O - -aps B-category -Catabolism O -of O -PGI2 B-Chemical -may O -be O -a O -major O -determinant O -of O -its O -levels O -in O -blood O -vessels O -and O -, O -therefore O -, O -may O -be O -of O -crucial O -importance O -to O -regulating O -the O -action O -of O -PGI2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -conformation O -of O -Clq O -in O -buffered O -saline O -solutions O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -or O -6 O -. O -0 O -did O -not O -differ O -significantly O -from O -Clq O -at O -twice O -the O -saline O -concentration O -as O -determined O -with O -circular O -dichroism O -, O -difference O -spectroscopy O -, O -and O -tritium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydrogen I-Chemical -exchange O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrogen O -exchange O -experiments O -performed O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -were O -also O -unaffected O -by O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -manganese O -, O -or O -ethylenediaminetetraacetic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -small O -positive O -CD O -band O -in O -the O -231 O -to O -235 O -nm O -region O -decreased O -in O -wavelength O -and O -increased O -in O -magnitude O -as O -a O -function O -of O -decreasing O -pH O -, O -indicating O -tyrosine B-Chemical -exposure O -at O -the O -lower O -pH O -and O -possibly O -changes O -in O -the O -collagen O -- O -like O -structure O -of O -Clq O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optical O -spectrum O -of O -the O -acid O -form O -is O -closely O -similar O -to O -optical O -spectra O -of O -the O -red O -higher O -oxidation O -states O -of O -horseradish O -and O -cytochrome O -c O -peroxidases O -, O -showing O -that O -the O -configuration O -of O -the O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -is O -the O -same O -throughout O -this O -family O -of O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Myoglobin O -( O -IV O -) O -, O -the O -derivative O -of O -myoglobin O -at O -the O -formal O -oxidation O -state O -IV O -, O -prepared O -from O -kangaroo O -( O -Megaleia O -rufa O -) O -, O -horse O -, O -or O -sperm O -whale O -myoglobin O -, O -when O -cooled O -to O -liquid O -nitrogen B-Chemical -temperature O -, O -assumes O -acid O -and O -alkaline O -forms O -with O -different O -optical O -spectra O -. O - -aps B-category -Kangaroo O -myoglobin O -( O -IV O -) O -may O -be O -prepared O -by O -reaction O -of O -ferrous O -myoglobin O -with O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -of O -the O -six O -athletes O -had O -been O -previously O -treated O -with O -repeated O -local O -injections O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -established O -a O -continous O -cell O -line O -( O -G1 O -) O -in O -which O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -specific O -activity O -is O -increased O -as O -much O -as O -50 O -- O -100 O -- O -fold O -in O -response O -to O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -specific O -activity O -is O -likely O -to O -be O -due O -to O -the O -increased O -synthesis O -of O -new O -enzyme O -protein O -rather O -than O -an O -activation O -of O -existing O -protein O -molecules O -, O -inasmuch O -as O -this O -increase O -is O -completely O -blocked O -by O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -transport O -by O -the O -non O -- O -ionizable O -local O -- O -anesthetic O -denzylalcohol O -is O -of O -the O -mixed O -type O -and O -independent O -of O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitors O -were O -found O -to O -be O -serum O -macromolecules O -that O -were O -precipitated O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -or O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -, O -and O -were O -inactivated O -by O -boiling O -or O -upon O -exposure O -to O -acidic O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -( O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -day O -given O -parenterally O -for O -3 O -doses O -, O -2 O -wk O -or O -12 O -wk O -) O -on O -the O -permeability O -of O -mammalian O -gastric O -mucosa O -to O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -( O -H O -( O -+ O -) O -) O -was O -examined O -with O -denervated O -fundic O -pouches O -in O -dogs O -with O -antrectomies O -. O - -aps B-category -Extrapolation O -indicated O -apparent O -H O -( O -+ O -) O -loss O -at O -zero O -luminal B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -suggesting O -a O -basal O -HCO O -( O -3 O -) O -( O -- O -) O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Prednisolone B-Chemical -administered O -for O -3 O -doses O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -either O -the O -basal O -mucosal O -permeability O -to O -H O -( O -+ O -) O -or O -the O -altered O -permeability O -induced O -by O -ASA O -or O -taurocholate O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -studies O -in O -vivo O -and O -with O -isolated O -perfused O -rat O -livers O -have O -suggested O -that O -the O -deleterious O -effect O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -on O -hepatic O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -metabolism O -is O -mediated O -by O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ethanol O -oxidation O -lowered O -the O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -content O -of O -isolated O -liver O -cells O -when O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -oxidation O -was O -inhibited O -by O -either O -disulfiram B-Chemical -or O -prior O -treatment O -of O -rats O -with O -cyanamide O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -when O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -oxidation O -and O -reduction O -were O -inhibited O -by O -cyanamide O -treatment O -and O -by O -4 O -- O -methyl O -- O -pyrazole O -and O -isobutyramide O -, O -respectively O -, O -a O -40 O -% O -decrease O -in O -hepatic O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -content O -was O -observed O -in O -80 O -min O -of O -incubation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -accelerated O -the O -degradation O -of O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -dialyzed O -hemolysate O -supernate O -and O -hepatic O -cytosol O -with O -added O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -inhibition O -were O -mixed O -competitive O -- O -noncompetitive O -with O -respect O -to O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mutant O -enzyme O -was O -characterized O -by O -normal O -kinetic O -parameters O -with O -respect O -to O -its O -substrates O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -MgATP2 O -- O -, O -normal O -pH O -optimum O -, O -normal O -heat O -stability O -at O -40 O -degrees O -C O -, O -but O -abnormal O -behavior O -with O -respect O -to O -its O -regulation O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphate O -and O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -and O -an O -altered O -electrophoretic O -pattern O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -alpha O -adrenergic O -block O -- O -ade O -on O -coronary O -blood O -flow O -regulation O -at O -rest O -was O -studied O -in O -11 O -normally O -innervated O -patients O -and O -8 O -cardiac O -allograft O -recipients O -by O -measuring O -arterial O -pressure O -and O -coronary O -sinus O -blood O -flow O -by O -thermodilution O -before O -and O -after O -alpha O -adrenergic O -blockade O -with O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -- O -blind O -comparison O -of O -clobazam O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -anxiety O -neurosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Clobazam O -, O -a O -new O -antianxiety O -compound O -, O -was O -compared O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -in O -40 O -neurotic O -outpatients O -. O - -aps B-category -Clobazam O -was O -administered O -in O -three O -divided O -doses O -of O -30 O -to O -40 O -mg O -/ O -day O -, O -while O -diazepam B-Chemical -was O -administered O -in O -three O -divided O -doses O -of O -15 O -to O -20 O -mg O -/ O -day O -, O -following O -a O -fixed O -dosage O -schedule O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -oxazepam B-Chemical -, O -flurazepam B-Chemical -and O -chloral O -hydrate O -as O -hypnotic O -sedatives O -in O -geriatric O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -for O -oxazepam B-Chemical -was O -the O -number O -of O -patient O -- O -reported O -awakenings O -per O -night O -significantly O -less O -than O -for O -placebo O -, O -although O -with O -both O -oxazepam B-Chemical -and O -flurazepam B-Chemical -the O -awakenings O -were O -fewer O -than O -with O -chloral O -hydrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -for O -oxazepam B-Chemical -were O -the O -patients O -' O -ratings O -of O -sleep O -quality O -significantly O -greater O -than O -for O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -oxazepam B-Chemical -is O -safe O -and O -efficacious O -for O -the O -short O -- O -term O -management O -of O -insomnia O -in O -the O -elderly O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -injection O -of O -New O -Zealand O -White O -rabbits O -with O -type O -III O -pneumococcal O -polysaccharide O -vaccine O -conjugated O -with O -the O -cardiac O -glycoside O -digoxin B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -the O -production O -of O -both O -antidigoxin O -and O -anti O -- O -type O -III O -pneumococcal O -polysacharide O -antibodies O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -antisera O -of O -four O -of O -these O -five O -rabbits O -, O -electrophoretically O -homogeneous O -antibodies O -( O -1 O -to O -5 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -antiserum O -) O -could O -be O -isolated O -by O -affinity O -chromatography O -on O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Sepharose I-Chemical -columns O -. O - -aps B-category -Mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -lymphocytes O -showed O -a O -more O -heavily O -depressed O -GVH O -reactivity O -than O -would O -be O -expected O -from O -their O -moderately O -reduced O -ability O -to O -accumulate O -in O -the O -lymph O -nodes O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -the O -extracts O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -increased O -the O -velocity O -of O -the O -renin O -/ O -renin O -substrate O -reaction O -though O -it O -continued O -to O -be O -linear O -with O -respect O -to O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -THF O -so O -isolated O -appears O -to O -be O -a O -polypeptide O -of O -3 O -, O -000 O -mol O -wt O -which O -contains O -approximately O -30 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -fraction O -containing O -the O -glycosaminoglycans O -was O -further O -fractionated O -on O -Dowex O -1 O -X O -2 O -by O -stepwise O -elution O -with O -increasing O -NaCl B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -the O -excretion O -of O -normal O -children O -of O -the O -same O -age O -was O -found O -to O -be O -0 O -. O -77 O -mumol O -glucosamine O -equivalents O -per O -day O -in O -the O -2 O -mol O -/ O -1 O -and O -3 O -mol O -/ O -1 O -NaCl B-Chemical -fraction O -, O -the O -two O -patients O -excreted O -6 O -. O -7 O -( O -M O -. O -C O -. O -) O -and O -3 O -. O -5 O -( O -M O -. O -S O -. O -) O -mumol O -glucosamine O -equivalents O -per O -day O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -work O -by O -Schachter O -and O -his O -colleagues O -on O -the O -psychological O -and O -pharmacological O -determinants O -of O -smoking B-Chemical -is O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -the O -enzyme O -in O -energy O -production O -from O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -mantle O -muscle O -is O -located O -intra O -- O -mitochondrially O -, O -has O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -310 O -, O -000 O -, O -and O -is O -electrophoretically O -similar O -to O -the O -enzyme O -from O -all O -other O -squid O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Squid O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -shows O -an O -almost O -absolute O -dependence O -on O -ADP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -evidence O -indicates O -that O -the O -primary O -role O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -squid O -mantle O -muscle O -is O -in O -regulating O -the O -catabolism O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -for O -energy O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -higher O -activity O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -EC O -6 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -was O -found O -in O -Neurospora O -crassa O -when O -NH4 O -+ O -was O -limiting O -as O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -than O -when O -glutamate B-Chemical -was O -limiting O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunological O -titration O -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -sedimentation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -established O -that O -under O -all O -these O -conditions O -enzyme O -activity O -corresponded O -to O -enzyme O -concentration O -and O -that O -the O -octamer O -was O -the O -predominant O -oligomeric O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -grown O -on O -limiting O -amounts O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -a O -lower O -oligomer O -was O -present O -in O -addition O -to O -the O -octameric O -form O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Ionic O -blockage O -of O -the O -light O -- O -regulated O -sodium B-Chemical -channels O -in O -isolated O -rod O -outer O -segments O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -3H O -] O -Glycogen O -hydrolysis O -in O -brain O -slices O -: O -responses O -to O -neurotransmitters O -and O -modulation O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -and O -morphological O -effects O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -treatment O -on O -developing O -sympathetic O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -cultured O -mouse O -neuroblastoma O -cells O -by O -monocarboxylic O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -Synaptosomal O -transport O -: O -a O -chloride B-Chemical -dependence O -for O -choline B-Chemical -, O -GABA B-Chemical -, O -glycine B-Chemical -and O -several O -other O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Abnormal O -cellular O -copper B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -the O -blotchy O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -Copper O -absorption O -from O -the O -gut O -was O -only O -64 O -% O -of O -that O -found O -in O -normal O -mice O -and O -hepatic O -copper B-Chemical -levels O -were O -only O -56 O -% O -of O -the O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Loss O -of O -in O -vitro O -inactivation O -of O -rat O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -with O -dietary O -vitamin B-Chemical -B6 I-Chemical -restriction O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -we O -fed O -rats O -a O -diet O -deficient O -in O -vitamin B-Chemical -B6 I-Chemical -to O -determine O -the O -length O -of O -time O -required O -for O -in O -vitro O -inactivating O -activity O -to O -be O -lost O -from O -liver O -homogenates O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -3 O -weeks O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -was O -no O -longer O -inactivated O -in O -homogenates O -prepared O -from O -livers O -of O -deficient O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -5 O -weeks O -the O -PLP O -concentration O -of O -liver O -from O -vitamin B-Chemical -B6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adequate I-Chemical -rats O -increased O -from O -2 O -. O -9 O -microgram O -/ O -g O -to O -6 O -. O -6 O -microgram O -/ O -g O -while O -in O -deficient O -rats O -it O -dropped O -to O -2 O -microgram O -/ O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -thiamine B-Chemical -diphosphatase O -in O -rat O -small O -intestine O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -thiamine B-Chemical -diphosphate O -( O -TDP O -) O -and O -p O -- O -nitrophenylphosphate O -( O -p O -- O -NPP O -) O -are O -hydrolyzed O -by O -a O -single O -enzyme O -, O -al O -- O -Pase O -, O -in O -the O -intestine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -was O -characterized O -by O -high O -ratios O -of O -cystine O -, O -aspartic O -acid O -, O -and O -serine O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -, O -fructose O -and O -galactose B-Chemical -were O -found O -to O -be O -the O -most O -stimulative O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -ribose O -, O -xylose O -, O -arabinose O -, O -ribitol O -, O -citrate B-Chemical -, O -succinate O -, O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -, O -glyoxylate O -and O -malate B-Chemical -were O -rather O -inhibitory O -, O -in O -additions O -at O -1 O -. O -0 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -flavinogenesis O -with O -the O -above O -stimulants O -was O -attained O -by O -the O -additions O -of O -1 O -% O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -1 O -. O -25 O -- O -- O -3 O -. O -0 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -1 O -. O -25 O -% O -glycerol O -, O -4 O -. O -0 O -- O -- O -6 O -. O -0 O -% O -propane O -and O -butanediols O -, O -1 O -. O -0 O -% O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -0 O -. O -9 O -% O -acetate O -after O -37 O -hr O -incubation O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -addition O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -% O -) O -during O -incubation O -, O -maximum O -formation O -( O -1 O -, O -776 O -microgram O -/ O -g O -wet O -mycelia O -) O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -was O -achieved O -when O -added O -at O -the O -start O -of O -incubation O -and O -the O -most O -effective O -utilization O -was O -observed O -when O -added O -at O -the O -logarithmic O -phase O -of O -flavinogenesis O -, O -although O -the O -maximum O -formation O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -in O -the O -latter O -case O -was O -much O -lower O -than O -in O -the O -former O -case O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -three O -brands O -of O -multiple O -- O -scored O -levodopa B-Chemical -tablets O -, O -B O -. O -P O -. O - -aps B-category -Single O -dose O -studies O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -aluminium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -showed O -that O -the O -antacids O -had O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -the O -absorption O -of O -diftalone O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -solvent O -extraction O -procedure O -avoids O -interference O -from O -colouring O -agents O -and O -coloured O -photolytic O -breakdown O -products O -of O -the O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Marked O -differences O -were O -observed O -, O -in O -the O -ability O -of O -fortified O -9000 O -g O -liver O -homogenate O -supernatants O -from O -three O -species O -to O -reduce O -1 O -- O -phenyl O -- O -2 O -- O -propanone O -to O -the O -corresponding O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Approximately O -three O -times O -more O -deaminated O -products O -were O -formed O -from O -the O -in O -vitro O -metabolism O -of O -N O -- O -n O -- O -propylamphetamine O -than O -from O -amphetamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -by O -all O -three O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -pyridostigmine O -pretreatment O -on O -the O -neuromuscular O -blockade O -produced O -by O -soman B-Chemical -in O -anaesthetized O -, O -atropinized O -animals O -have O -been O -studied O -on O -the O -soleus O -and O -anterior O -tibialis O -muscle O -( O -rhesus O -monkeys O -, O -cats O -and O -rabbits O -) O -and O -the O -gastrocnemius O -muscle O -( O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -and O -rats O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -pyridostigmine O -or O -if O -pyridostigmine O -was O -delayed O -until O -after O -blockade O -by O -soman B-Chemical -, O -there O -was O -no O -recovery O -of O -neuromuscular O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -to O -the O -dose O -of O -pyridostigmine O -and O -the O -time O -interval O -between O -the O -administration O -of O -pyridostigmine O -and O -soman B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -between O -cholinesterase O -inhibition O -in O -the O -chick O -biventer O -cervicis O -muscle O -and O -its O -sensitivity O -to O -exogenous O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -physostigmine B-Chemical -required O -to O -produce O -the O -maximum O -increase O -in O -sensitivity O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -almost O -completely O -inhibited O -the O -cholinesterase O -in O -muscle O -homogenates O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -taking O -account O -of O -the O -combined O -effects O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -diffusion O -and O -enzymic O -hydrolysis O -, O -a O -quantitative O -theoretical O -relationship O -has O -been O -derived O -between O -the O -level O -of O -cholinesterase O -activity O -in O -cylindrical O -muscles O -and O -the O -fractional O -occupancy O -of O -the O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -these O -muscles O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -different O -concentrations O -of O -exogenous O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -chicken O -bronchus O -contracts O -to O -carbachol B-Chemical -, O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -, O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -bradykinin B-Chemical -and O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Bronchi O -which O -had O -partially O -contracted O -submaximally O -to O -carbachol B-Chemical -, O -antigen O -or O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -, O -relaxed O -to O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -PGE1 B-Chemical -and O -E2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Heart O -rate O -decreased O -initially O -but O -recovered O -within O -6 O -h O -. O -Angiotensin B-Chemical -amde O -30 O -ng O -kg O -- O -1 O -min O -- O -1 O -, O -infused O -up O -to O -seven O -days O -, O -was O -without O -effect O -on O -blood O -pressure O -or O -heart O -rate O -, O -and O -both O -doses O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -amide O -failed O -to O -alter O -cardiac O -catecholamine B-Chemical -turnover O -. O - -aps B-category -Heart O -rate O -was O -increased O -by O -hydralazine B-Chemical -to O -138 O -% O -, O -and O -decrease O -by O -clonidine B-Chemical -to O -74 O -% O -of O -control O -, O -and O -was O -unaffected O -by O -mecamylamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clonidine B-Chemical -increased O -the O -pressor O -response O -to O -angiotensin B-Chemical -but O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -that O -to O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -or O -tyramine O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -binding O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -apomorphine B-Chemical -in O -caudate O -membranes O -after O -dopamine B-Chemical -pretreatment O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacology O -of O -beta O -- O -( O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dimethoxyphenyl O -) O -ethyl O -amine B-Chemical -: O -lack O -of O -peripheral O -and O -central O -antidopaminergic O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -and O -guanethidine B-Chemical -on O -contractile O -responses O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -anococcygeus O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Mannitol B-Chemical -and O -delayed O -hypersensitivity O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -metabolites O -of O -cannabinol O -identified O -as O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -conjugates O -. O - -aps B-category -Potential O -endogenous O -inhibitor O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -plasma O -: O -failure O -to O -inhibit O -cyclo O -- O -oxygenase O -in O -platelets O -and O -the O -gastric O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degradation O -rate O -, O -solubility O -, O -and O -dissolution O -rate O -of O -amino B-Chemical -penicillins B-Chemical -, O -amoxicillin B-Chemical -, O -ampicillin B-Chemical -, O -epicillin O -, O -and O -cyclacillin O -, O -were O -determined O -quantitatively O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclacillin O -anhydrate O -was O -the O -most O -soluble O -, O -followed O -in O -order O -by O -ampicillin B-Chemical -anhydrate O -, O -ampicillin B-Chemical -trihydrate O -, O -amoxicillin B-Chemical -trihydrate O -, O -and O -epicillin O -anhydrate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -strongly O -alkaline O -solution O -, O -the O -0 O -- O -- O -species O -was O -not O -adsorbed O -in O -the O -interlayer O -space O -of O -montmorillonite O -but O -rather O -produced O -an O -external O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tetracycline I-Chemical -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -the O -thermal O -degradation O -of O -promethazine B-Chemical -in O -an O -acidic O -medium O -under O -various O -conditions O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -pH O -, O -metal O -ions O -such O -as O -copper B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -and O -iron B-Chemical -( O -III O -) O -, O -and O -antioxidants O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -copper B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -increased O -the O -degradation O -rate O -over O -the O -whole O -process O -, O -while O -iron B-Chemical -( O -III O -) O -caused O -an O -increase O -for O -only O -a O -short O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -anaerobic O -conditions O -, O -promethazine B-Chemical -degraded O -only O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -copper B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -and O -iorn O -( O -III O -) O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Nature O -of O -amorphous O -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxycarbonate O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -compound O -is O -not O -stoichiometric O -, O -although O -the O -maximum O -carbonate O -to O -aluminum B-Chemical -ratio O -appears O -to O -be O -0 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -is O -present O -in O -the O -diffuse O -layer O -and O -is O -, O -therefore O -, O -not O -an O -integral O -part O -of O -the O -structure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -showed O -that O -published O -spectrophotometric O -and O -GLC O -methods O -for O -hydralazine B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -do O -not O -distinguish O -between O -the O -drug O -and O -a O -major O -plasma O -metabolite O -, O -hydralazine B-Chemical -pyruvic O -acid O -hydrazone O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -specific O -GLC O -assay O -for O -the O -hydrazone O -was O -developed O -and O -involves O -its O -selective O -extraction O -from O -plasma O -and O -transformation O -to O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trifluoromethyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -s I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triazolo I-Chemical -[ O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -a O -] O -phthalazine O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -controlled O -trial O -of O -antiemetics O -in O -abortion O -by O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -and O -laminaria O -. O - -aps B-category -Vomiting O -was O -significantly O -more O -frequent O -in O -the O -placebo O -- O -treated O -group O -[ O -0 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -5 O -SD O -episodes O -per O -patient O -, O -n O -= O -21 O -] O -than O -in O -the O -groups O -treated O -with O -prochlorperazine B-Chemical -[ O -1 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -episodes O -per O -patient O -, O -n O -= O -21 O -] O -or O -hydroxyzine B-Chemical -[ O -0 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -8 O -episodes O -per O -patient O -, O -n O -= O -19 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Novel O -anxiolytic O -agents O -derived O -from O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -o I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tolyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triazoles I-Chemical -and O -- O -imidazoles O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -new O -triazoles O -were O -found O -to O -have O -moderate O -sedative O -and O -muscle O -relaxing O -activity O -in O -mice O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -these O -compounds O -depressed O -the O -traction O -and O -dish O -reflexes O -at O -higher O -doses O -than O -did O -diazepam B-Chemical -) O -but O -were O -very O -potent O -antagonists O -of O -the O -clonic O -convulsions O -induced O -in O -mice O -by O -the O -administration O -of O -pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -of O -N O -- O -hydroxyacetaminophen O -, O -a O -postulated O -toxic O -metabolite O -of O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -, O -and O -its O -phenolic O -sulfate O -conjugate O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -sulfate O -was O -reduced O -to O -the O -hydroxylamine O -, O -acetylated O -, O -and O -treated O -with O -sulfatase O -to O -yield O -N O -- O -hydroxyacetaminophen O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -animal O -models O -were O -predictive O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -activity O -as O -well O -as O -side O -effects O -commonly O -associated O -with O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Estimation O -of O -parameters O -in O -a O -multi O -- O -affinity O -- O -state O -model O -for O -haemoglobin O -from O -oxygen B-Chemical -binding O -data O -in O -whole O -blood O -and O -in O -concentrated O -haemoglobin O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -one O -vital O -cofactor O -that O -has O -thus O -far O -not O -yielded O -appreciably O -to O -this O -approach O -is O -biotin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protease O -had O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -10 O -. O -5 O -and O -a O -temperature O -optimum O -of O -40 O -degrees O -C O -and O -was O -inhibited O -by O -diisopropyl O -phosphorofluoridate O -, O -phenylmethylsulfonyl O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -and O -L O -- O -( O -1 O -- O -tosylamido O -- O -2 O -- O -phenyl O -) O -ethyl O -chloromethyl O -ketone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Volatile O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -pH O -in O -the O -gastrointestinal O -contents O -of O -normal O -and O -Shigella O -- O -infected O -monkeys O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -poisoning O -? O -- O -- O -Accident O -or O -suicide O -? O - -aps B-category -Enzymic O -inactivation O -of O -neurotensin B-Chemical -by O -hypothalamic O -and O -brain O -extracts O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -disulfiram B-Chemical -on O -rat O -liver O -mitochondrial O -monoamine O -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -effect O -of O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -on O -the O -activity O -of O -acetyl O -CoA O -carboxylase O -of O -mouse O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -adverse O -effect O -of O -insulin O -on O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -release I-Chemical -capacity O -of O -red O -blood O -cells O -in O -nonacidotic O -diabetics O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -depletion O -on O -acid O -- O -base O -status O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -properties O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -of O -Neurospora O -crassa O -at O -physiological O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -velocity O -curve O -with O -the O -substrates O -, O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -, O -are O -hyperbolic O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -and O -citrate B-Chemical -remain O -strong O -inhibitors O -even O -with O -changes O -in O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Valine O -is O -the O -only O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -that O -inhibits O -the O -enzyme O -at O -a O -concentration O -range O -of O -valine O -found O -in O -the O -mycelial O -juice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -involved O -in O -the O -autolysis O -was O -recovered O -mainly O -in O -an O -aqueous O -phase O -from O -cytoplasmic O -membranes O -and O -cytoplasmic O -materials O -treated O -with O -n O -- O -butanol O -, O -and O -proved O -to O -be O -an O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylmuramyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -amidase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -cholinesterase O -synthesis O -was O -different O -in O -the O -cells O -grown O -on O -the O -medium O -with O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -the O -cells O -cultivated O -on O -the O -medium O -with O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -then O -washed O -and O -transferred O -to O -a O -fresh O -growth O -medium O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -as O -the O -sources O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Action O -of O -copper B-Chemical -ions O -and O -of O -unfavorable O -medium O -pH O -values O -on O -protein O -and O -RNA O -synthesis O -by O -Candida O -utilis O -cells O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -inhibition O -of O -protein O -synthesis O -by O -copper B-Chemical -ions O -and O -alkaline O -conditions O -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -19 O -- O -year O -old O -male O -ingested O -in O -suicidal O -attempt O -750 O -mg O -of O -thallium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -constellation O -( O -kopro O -- O -greater O -than O -uro O -- O -greater O -than O -tricarboxylic O -porphyrin O -) O -differs O -appreciably O -from O -that O -one O -in O -lead B-Chemical -intoxication O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -each O -case O -of O -a O -toxic O -disorder O -of O -porphyrin O -metabolism O -thallium B-Chemical -intoxication O -ought O -to O -be O -considered O -a O -possible O -cause O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrophoresis O -of O -ribosomal O -proteins O -according O -to O -Kaltschmidt O -and O -Wittmann O -, O -1970a O -, O -b O -( O -pH O -8 O -. O -6 O -/ O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -urea B-Chemical -system O -) O -yielded O -29 O -proteins O -for O -the O -small O -subunits O -and O -35 O -and O -37 O -proteins O -for O -the O -large O -subunits O -of O -Krebs O -II O -ascites O -and O -HeLa O -ribosomes O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Like O -intact O -cells O -, O -spheroplasts O -prepared O -from O -cells O -grown O -at O -pH O -3 O -. O -0 O -or O -4 O -. O -5 O -in O -medium O -with O -a O -limited O -amount O -of O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -suspension O -begin O -production O -of O -acid O -phosphatase O -immediately O -after O -pH O -shift O -from O -below O -3 O -. O -0 O -to O -4 O -. O -0 O -whereas O -sheroplasts O -from O -cells O -grown O -in O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -rich I-Chemical -medium O -showed O -a O -prolonged O -lag O -period O -( O -3 O -h O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -secretion O -and O -excretion O -during O -acute O -acid O -loading O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -pyrazolones B-Chemical -in O -frequent O -use O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -various O -acidic O -solutions O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -, O -AP O -, O -AMP O -and O -SP O -were O -found O -to O -react O -easily O -with O -nitrite B-Chemical -and O -yield O -various O -products O -including O -dimethylnitrosamine O -( O -DMNA O -) O -and O -4 O -- O -nitrosoantipyrine O -( O -4 O -- O -NAP O -) O -in O -the O -cases O -of O -AMP O -and O -AP O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -GABAergic O -modulation O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -binding O -site O -sensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Substance B-Chemical -P I-Chemical -( O -SP O -) O -could O -be O -extracted O -from O -brain O -homogenates O -with O -chloroform B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methanol I-Chemical -by O -a O -method O -which O -extracts O -all O -lipids O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -lipids O -present O -in O -TLE O -, O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -was O -able O -to O -bind O -and O -release O -SP O -in O -a O -pH O -dependent O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -some O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -on O -the O -interaction O -of O -cortically O -and O -nigrally O -evoked O -potentials O -in O -the O -rat O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -are O -discussed O -in O -view O -of O -the O -existing O -controversy O -regarding O -the O -mode O -of O -action O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -Drugs O -affecting O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -: O -effects O -of O -pemoline B-Chemical -and O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -on O -nerve O -terminal O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -activities O -and O -neurotransmitter O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -4 O -weeks O -of O -treatment O -with O -ORF O -- O -8063 O -a O -polyfluorinated O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivative O -, O -8 O -hospitalized O -patients O -manifesting O -a O -primary O -pathology O -of O -anxiety O -showed O -marked O -general O -improvement O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -significant O -decrease O -in O -the O -uptake O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -by O -the O -synaptosomal O -preparations O -of O -the O -cerebellum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -supports O -the O -possibility O -of O -an O -important O -serotonergic O -innervation O -of O -the O -cerebellum O -and O -suggests O -a O -selective O -involvement O -of O -this O -system O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -some O -of O -the O -neurologic O -manifestations O -of O -thiamine B-Chemical -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -cyanide O -as O -a O -peripheral O -chemoreceptor O -stimulus O -at O -different O -levels O -of O -CSF O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -right O -carotid O -body O -was O -simultaneously O -stimulated O -by O -intracarotid O -injections O -of O -40 O -, O -80 O -, O -or O -160 O -microgram O -sodium B-Chemical -cyanide O -in O -200 O -microliter O -Ringer O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acid O -- O -base O -titration O -( O -pH O -8 O -- O -- O -& O -gt O -; O -pH O -2 O -. O -5 O -- O -- O -& O -gt O -; O -pH O -8 O -) O -of O -eleven O -mixing O -curve O -samples O -of O -the O -poly O -( O -dG O -) O -plus O -poly O -( O -dC O -) O -system O -has O -been O -performed O -in O -0 O -. O -15 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mixture O -of O -50S O -proteins O -is O -prepared O -by O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -extraction O -and O -immediate O -removal O -of O -the O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -by O -thin O -film O -dialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dependence O -of O -the O -turbidity O -of O -DNA O -- O -protein O -complexes O -on O -the O -ionic O -strength O -in O -solution O -suggests O -that O -the O -condensation O -of O -H1 O -. O -DNA O -complexes O -in O -vitro O -is O -apparently O -due O -to O -both O -specific O -histone O -- O -DNA O -interactions O -with O -the O -contribution O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -hydrophobic O -bonds O -and O -the O -formation O -of O -polycationic O -" O -bridges O -" O -fastening O -the O -DNA O -fibers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extensive O -rifampicin B-Chemical -sensitivity O -of O -the O -synthesis O -indicates O -that O -most O -of O -the O -transcripts O -are O -initiated O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Restorative O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -on O -the O -transmembrane O -action O -potentials O -in O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -depolarized I-Chemical -guinea O -- O -pig O -auricle O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Examination O -of O -the O -action O -of O -effectors O -after O -storing O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -the O -fodder O -yeast O -Candida O -tropicalis O -at O -room O -temperature O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -regards O -the O -action O -of O -effectors O -on O -GS O -after O -its O -exposure O -at O -room O -temperature O -, O -they O -can O -be O -subdivided O -into O -four O -groups O -: O -1 O -) O -the O -effector O -loses O -completely O -its O -inhibitory O -effect O -( O -glutamine B-Chemical -, O -CMP O -, O -anthranilic O -acid O -in O -the O -synthetase O -reaction O -) O -; O -2 O -) O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -the O -enzyme O -increases O -( O -AMP O -, O -IMP O -, O -anthranilic O -acid O -in O -the O -transferase O -reaction O -) O -; O -3 O -) O -at O -low O -concentrations O -of O -the O -effector O -the O -peak O -of O -activation O -appears O -( O -tryptophane O -, O -GMP O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -glycine B-Chemical -) O -; O -4 O -) O -at O -low O -concentrations O -of O -the O -enzyme O -two O -peaks O -of O -activation O -appear O -( O -histidine O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Ruthenium B-Chemical -red I-Chemical -and O -La3 O -+ O -are O -shown O -to O -inhibit O -the O -protein O -- O -mediated O -extraction O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -into O -the O -organic O -solvent O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -appears O -that O -we O -have O -isolated O -from O -the O -inner O -mitochondrial O -membrane O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -carrier O -, O -which O -we O -have O -named O -" O -calciphorin O -. O -" O - -aps B-category -Upon O -glucose B-Chemical -addition O -, O -anaerobic O -E O -. O -coli O -cells O -rapidly O -produce O -acids O -and O -develop O -a O -transmembrane O -pH O -gradient O -( O -delta O -pH O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -it O -was O -known O -that O -[ O -( O -3 O -) O -H O -] O -dihydroergocryptine O -can O -label O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -as O -well O -as O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -, O -this O -study O -was O -done O -to O -establish O -the O -conditions O -under O -which O -[ O -( O -3 O -) O -H O -] O -dihydroergocryptine O -would O -be O -a O -reliable O -ligand O -for O -selective O -labeling O -of O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -spiperone B-Chemical -, O -[ O -( O -3 O -) O -H O -] O -dihydroergocryptine O -exhibited O -saturable O -binding O -with O -a O -K O -( O -d O -) O -of O -0 O -. O -73 O -nM O -and O -a O -total O -number O -of O -sites O -of O -150 O -fmol O -/ O -mg O -of O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonists O -also O -competed O -for O -binding O -in O -the O -appropriate O -order O -: O -phentolamine B-Chemical -& O -gt O -; O -phenoxybenzamine O -& O -gt O -; O -dibenamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -on O -goldfish O -retinal O -neurones O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -a O -regenerative O -calcium B-Chemical -conductance O -in O -turtle O -cones O -by O -peripheral O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurochemical O -and O -operant O -behavioral O -studies O -of O -a O -strain O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -preferring I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -respect O -to O -the O -values O -found O -in O -the O -NP O -group O -, O -higher O -levels O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -GABA B-Chemical -, O -GLU O -and O -GLY O -and O -lower O -levels O -of O -ASP O -were O -found O -in O -the O -diencephalon O -- O -mesencephalon O -( O -D O -- O -M O -) O -and O -higher O -levels O -of O -NE O -were O -found O -in O -the O -telencephalon O -( O -TEL O -) O -of O -the O -P O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -these O -conditions O -, O -the O -level O -of O -( O -a O -) O -TYR O -in O -the O -D O -- O -M O -was O -higher O -in O -the O -P O -- O -A O -and O -NP O -- O -A O -animals O -than O -in O -the O -P O -- O -W O -and O -NP O -- O -W O -groups O -respectively O -; O -( O -b O -) O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -in O -the O -TEL O -was O -higher O -in O -the O -NP O -- O -A O -group O -than O -NP O -- O -W O -group O -; O -and O -( O -c O -) O -GABA B-Chemical -in O -the O -TEL O -was O -higher O -in O -the O -P O -- O -A O -than O -P O -- O -W O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -reaction O -of O -alpha O -, O -alpha O -' O -- O -bis O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -amidinobenzylidene O -) O -- O -cycloalkanones O -with O -cysteine B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -mepyramine O -, O -aminophenazone O -, O -nialamide O -and O -chloroquine B-Chemical -using O -the O -deltapj O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -stability O -of O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -solutions O -in O -glass O -and O -plastic O -containers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anxiolytic O -and O -sedative O -effects O -of O -the O -thienodiazepine B-Chemical -under O -study O -were O -able O -to O -be O -differentiated O -as O -far O -as O -subjective O -perception O -and O -autonomic O -responses O -were O -concerned O -. O - -aps B-category -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -) O -was O -less O -effective O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -neural O -effects O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -were O -investigated O -by O -using O -electrophysiological O -techniques O -at O -the O -level O -of O -some O -central O -and O -peripheral O -synapses O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -is O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -dose O -- O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -obtained O -demonstrate O -a O -presynaptic O -inhibitory O -action O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -beside O -its O -known O -vascular O -and O -metaholic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuropharmacological O -profile O -of O -clobazam O -, O -a O -new O -1 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -benzodiazepine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clobazam O -was O -half O -as O -potent O -as O -diazepam B-Chemical -in O -depressing O -the O -amplitude O -of O -visual O -evoked O -potentials O -in O -the O -nonanaesthetized O -rabbit O -, O -whereas O -the O -depressing O -effect O -on O -spinal O -polysynaptic O -reflexes O -in O -the O -decerebrated O -cat O -was O -only O -1 O -/ O -7 O -- O -- O -1 O -/ O -30 O -of O -the O -diazepam B-Chemical -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acquisition O -of O -responding O -with O -conditioned O -reinforcement O -: O -effects O -of O -pipradrol O -, O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -, O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -, O -and O -nomifensine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -ketazolam O -blood O -levels O -to O -anxiety O -and O -hostility O -in O -chronic O -alcoholics O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Combination O -of O -betablocking O -- O -vasodilator O -and O -diuretic B-Chemical -agents O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -arterial O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -cholesterol B-Chemical -esterification O -in O -human O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -from O -studies O -on O -the O -properties O -of O -the O -esterifying O -system O -provide O -good O -evidence O -that O -the O -mechanism O -involves O -fatty O -acyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -CoA I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cholesterol I-Chemical -acyl O -transferase O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -the O -thin O -layer O -chromatographic O -isolation O -of O -the O -labeled O -cholesteryl O -oleate O -a O -solvent O -system O -of O -isooctane O -: O -diethyl O -ether B-Chemical -( O -100 O -: O -6 O -) O -was O -found O -to O -give O -a O -better O -separation O -of O -the O -ester O -than O -the O -petroleum O -ether B-Chemical -: O -diethylether O -: O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -system O -generally O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -mechanisms O -controlling O -intracellular O -pH O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -in O -snail O -neurones O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Na O -pump O -was O -inhibited O -by O -ouabain B-Chemical -, O -carbonyl O -cyanide O -m O -- O -chlorophenyl O -hydrazone O -and O -increasing O -the O -membrane O -potential O -, O -whereas O -the O -pHi O -regulating O -system O -was O -relatively O -unaffected O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -water O -- O -breather O -, O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -does O -not O -change O -VG O -/ O -MO2 O -, O -so O -as O -not O -to O -sacrifice O -oxygen B-Chemical -delivery O -, O -and O -consequently O -does O -not O -control O -PaCO2 O -by O -ventilation O -and O -perhaps O -does O -not O -control O -it O -at O -all O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracellular O -pH O -in O -single O -muscle O -fibres O -from O -Balanus O -nubilus O -was O -determined O -, O -both O -by O -the O -weak O -acid O -distribution O -method O -( O -using O -5 O -, O -5 O -- O -dimethyl O -- O -2 O -, O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxazolidine I-Chemical -dione O -) O -and O -by O -means O -of O -a O -glass O -pH O -microelectrode O -, O -following O -prolonged O -equilibrations O -in O -normal O -, O -acid O -or O -alkaline O -Ringer O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -determination O -of O -the O -total O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -buffer O -value O -, O -betaa O -, O -in O -intact O -tissues O -is O -complicated O -by O -active O -pH O -regulation O -and O -by O -heterogeneity O -of O -cytoplasm O -with O -respect O -to O -betaa O -, O -while O -heterogeneity O -with O -respect O -to O -pH O -in O -vivo O -could O -cause O -errors O -in O -estimates O -made O -with O -homogenates O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -can O -be O -broght O -about O -only O -by O -changing O -one O -or O -more O -of O -these O -three O -independent O -variables O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simultaneous O -constriction O -if O -inner O -carotid O -arteries O -is O -depending O -on O -direct O -action O -on O -the O -vascular O -wall O -of O -heterogenous O -proteins O -and O -on O -a O -release O -in O -it O -of O -physiologically O -active O -substances O -, O -such O -as O -serotonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -intensive O -care O -programs O -with O -adults O -were O -extremely O -successful O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -nucleotide B-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -activity O -and O -the O -platelet O -release O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Increase O -in O -cardiac O -toxicity O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -in O -dogs O -after O -repetitive O -treatment O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Preclinical O -toxicologic O -evaluation O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -cerebral O -cortex O -concentrations O -of O -high O -- O -energy O -phosphates O -, O -glycolytic O -metabolites O -, O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -cycle O -intermediates O -, O -associated O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -, O -were O -studied O -after O -5 O -, O -15 O -and O -30 O -min O -of O -incomplete O -ischemia O -in O -rats O -anesthetized O -with O -70 O -% O -N2O O -or O -150 O -mg O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -of O -phenobartibal O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -some O -glucose B-Chemical -remained O -in O -the O -tissue O -, O -and O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -concentrations O -gradually O -rose O -to O -reach O -excessive O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -those O -animals O -given O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -and O -which O -lost O -all O -EEG O -activity O -during O -ischemia O -, O -changes O -in O -cerebral O -metabolites O -were O -virtually O -identical O -to O -those O -observed O -in O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anesthetized I-Chemical -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Augmentation O -of O -rat O -graft O -- O -versus O -- O -host O -reaction O -by O -colloidal O -carbon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glutathione B-Chemical -( O -GSH O -) O -level O -in O -PCS O -- O -operated O -rats O -was O -lower O -than O -in O -intact O -controsl O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -observations O -on O -18 O -patients O -and O -the O -experiments O -on O -77 O -dogs O -with O -experimental O -pancreatitis O -neuro O -- O -humoral O -interrelations O -and O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -effect O -upon O -the O -respiratory O -function O -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -conclusion O -on O -a O -vital O -importance O -of O -a O -consecutive O -neuro O -- O -humoral O -correction O -with O -the O -use O -of O -cholinomimetics O -and O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -in O -pancreatitis O -is O -drawn O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactate B-Chemical -production O -is O -linear O -and O -hemolysis O -moderate O -. O - -aps B-category -Cane O -sugar O -molasses O -tested O -as O -a O -substitute O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -significantly O -stimulated O -growth O -but O -valine O -production O -was O -less O -. O - -aps B-category -Circulating O -immune O -complexes O -were O -found O -in O -11 O -/ O -18 O -HBsAg B-Chemical -positive O -and O -HBsAg B-Chemical -negative O -cases O -of O -acute O -viral O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -healthy O -HBsAg B-Chemical -carriers O -demonstrated O -no O -detectable O -immune O -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Psychophysiologic O -characteristics O -of O -the O -individual O -psychotropic O -activity O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -under O -experimental O -conditions O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -experiments O -permitted O -to O -display O -significant O -differences O -of O -psychophysiological O -structures O -in O -the O -tranquilizing O -effect O -of O -5 O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -histochemical O -technique O -for O -demonstrating O -leucocyte O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -activity O -( O -LAP O -) O -, O -based O -on O -direct O -precipitation O -of O -lead B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -5 O -, O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Vasoconstrictory O -responses O -to O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -NA O -) O -or O -high O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -( O -130 O -mM O -) O -usually O -show O -a O -biphasic O -behaviour O -: O -an O -initial O -peak O -is O -followed O -by O -a O -lower O -steady O -state O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Increases O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -from O -10 O -( O -- O -10 O -) O -to O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -attenuated O -the O -vascular O -responses O -to O -high O -KCl O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -using O -a O -quotient O -of O -deltaPs O -( O -steady O -- O -state O -phase O -) O -to O -deltaPi O -( O -initial O -vasoconstriction O -) O -and O -by O -comparing O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -three O -beta O -- O -sympatholytic O -agents O -with O -that O -of O -verapamil B-Chemical -on O -this O -quotient O -showed O -a O -concentration O -- O -dependent O -decrease O -in O -presence O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -sympatholytic O -as O -well O -as O -of O -the O -Ca O -- O -antagonistic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -underlying O -the O -biphasic O -responses O -to O -high O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -are O -concluded O -to O -be O -basically O -different O -from O -the O -NA O -- O -responses O -because O -they O -are O -inversely O -affected O -by O -beta O -- O -sympatholytic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -agonists O -( O -methoxamine B-Chemical -, O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -action O -of O -which O -was O -blocked O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -) O -did O -not O -change O -PTH O -and O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -levels O -, O -whereas O -they O -characteristically O -increased O -the O -blood O -pressure O -and O -decreased O -the O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -elevated O -PTH O -concentrations O -, O -associated O -with O -increased O -plasma O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -levels O -, O -rising O -heart O -rate O -and O -decreasing O -blood O -pressure O -, O -indicated O -that O -all O -these O -changes O -can O -be O -related O -to O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -stimulatory O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Testicular O -blood O -flow O -and O -testosterone B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -spermatic O -venous O -blood O -in O -rats O -with O -experimental O -cryptorchidism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -in O -the O -spermatic O -vein O -of O -the O -abdominal O -testis O -was O -18 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -. O -5 O -( O -SD O -) O -ng O -/ O -ml O -and O -the O -corresponding O -value O -for O -the O -scrotal O -testis O -was O -41 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -. O -0 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adrenergic O -mechanism O -of O -the O -haemodynamic O -effects O -of O -massive O -doses O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -in O -controlled O -haemorrhagic O -shock O -in O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blocking O -drug O -propranolol B-Chemical -efficiently O -inhibited O -the O -vasodilation O -caused O -by O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -and O -phenoxybenzamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuromuscular O -blockade O -of O -fazadinium O -bromide B-Chemical -( O -AH O -8165 O -) O -in O -renal O -failure O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -additional O -incremental O -injections O -of O -fazadinium O -bromide B-Chemical -should O -be O -used O -cautiously O -, O -as O -evidence O -appeared O -of O -prolonged O -duration O -of O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -metabolic O -rate O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -( O -CMRO2 O -) O -in O -the O -acute O -phase O -of O -brain O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -high O -jugular O -venous O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -and O -, O -in O -some O -studies O -, O -very O -low O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneously O -, O -ventricular O -fluid O -pH O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -were O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Haemodynamic O -effects O -of O -different O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -in O -controlled O -haemorrhagic O -shock O -in O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrocortisone B-Chemical -was O -the O -only O -steroid B-Chemical -which O -showed O -any O -significant O -vasodilating O -ability O -when O -given O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -vasodilation O -found O -was O -efficiently O -abolished O -by O -the O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blocking O -agent O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -haemodynamic O -effect O -of O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -does O -not O -seem O -to O -be O -correlated O -to O -either O -a O -glucocorticoid O -nor O -a O -mineralocorticoid O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -placental O -transfer O -of O -pancuronium B-Chemical -and O -its O -pharmacokinetics O -during O -caesarian O -section O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanical O -and O -electrical O -responses O -of O -spontaneously O -contracting O -muscle O -strips O -from O -oestrogen B-Chemical -dominated O -rabbit O -uterus O -were O -investigated O -by O -the O -sucrose B-Chemical -gap O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -shown O -previously O -that O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonist O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -inhibits O -the O -spontaneously O -contracting O -uterus O -even O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -blocker O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -this O -investigation O -was O -to O -study O -further O -the O -role O -of O -c O -- O -AMP O -in O -the O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -relaxation O -of O -the O -uterus O -. O - -aps B-category -Dibutyryl O -- O -c O -- O -AMP O -mimicked O -the O -actions O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -release O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -from O -rat O -duodenal O -enterochromaffin O -cells O -by O -adrenoceptor O -agonists O -studied O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Noradrenaline O -( O -NA O -) O -, O -Adrenaline B-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -and O -Isoprenaline O -( O -IP O -) O -caused O -a O -decrease O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -in O -EC O -down O -to O -40 O -- O -- O -60 O -% O -and O -for O -NA O -and O -A O -this O -effect O -was O -concentration O -- O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -ACh O -also O -decreased O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -content O -of O -EC O -but O -was O -much O -less O -potent O -than O -the O -adrenergic O -substances O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -group O -of O -substances O -blocking O -central O -beta O -receptors O -, O -ie O -beta O -blocking O -agents O -among O -which O -oxprenol O -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -have O -been O -used O -in O -psychiatry O -, O -mainly O -in O -anxious O -or O -depressive O -- O -anxious O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Flunitrazepam B-Chemical -and O -memory O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -subjects O -are O -tested O -in O -two O -sessions O -, O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -and O -placebo O -, O -in O -double O -blind O -, O -with O -memory O -tests O -given O -the O -evening O -after O -medication O -and O -controlled O -the O -next O -morning O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -evaluation O -of O -hypnotic O -efficacy O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -in O -psychiatric O -in O -- O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Flunitrazepam B-Chemical -4 O -mg O -tended O -to O -produce O -the O -shortest O -latency O -time O -and O -the O -longest O -duration O -of O -sleep O -but O -also O -the O -most O -side O -- O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -abnormalities O -found O -in O -a O -given O -category O -of O -vital O -depressive O -patients B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cortisol I-Chemical -hypersecretion O -, O -decreased O -growth O -hormone O -response O -to O -insulin O -hypoglycaemia O -and O -decreased O -luteinizing O -hormone O -secretion O -in O -menopause O -- O -- O -are O -believed O -to O -be O -due O -to O -deficient O -noradrenalin O -- O -( O -NA O -) O -- O -ergic O -activity O -in O -the O -hypothalmus O -. O - -aps B-category -Supplementation O -with O -either O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -or O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -alone O -enhanced O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activities O -in O -cultured O -cells O -for O -at O -least O -4 O -days O -postinoculation O -. O - -aps B-category -Resonance O -Raman O -studies O -on O -the O -ligand B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iron I-Chemical -interactions O -in O -hemoproteins O -and O -metallo O -- O -porphyrins O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -the O -Raman O -line O -corresponding O -to O -the O -oxidation O -state O -marker O -of O -hemoproteins O -involves O -appreciable O -displacement O -of O -the O -pyrrolic O -nitrogen B-Chemical -atoms O -toward O -metal O -ion O -but O -not O -that O -of O -methine O -bridges O -and O -that O -the O -frequencies O -of O -methine O -- O -bridge O -CC O -stretching O -vibrations O -are O -altered O -by O -the O -conjugation O -interaction O -between O -the O -porphyrin O -ring O -and O -the O -metal O -ion O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -difference O -between O -the O -two O -species O -was O -attributed O -to O -the O -difference O -in O -the O -nature O -of O -chemical O -bond O -between O -the O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -and O -its O -sixth O -ligand O -( O -L O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -coordination O -of O -lone O -- O -pair O -electrons O -of O -the O -axial O -ligand O -to O -the O -iron B-Chemical -dz2 O -orbital O -yields O -bond O -energy O -but O -scarcely O -affects O -the O -Raman O -frequencies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -F O -- O -, O -OCN O -- O -, O -SCN O -- O -, O -and O -CH3OH O -to O -the O -ferric O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -in O -high O -- O -spin O -state O -in O -various O -hemoproteins O -has O -been O -studied O -by O -the O -use O -of O -FT O -/ O -QPD O -technique O -at O -220 O -MHz O -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -- O -alkaline O -transition O -of O -metMb O -was O -confirmed O -to O -associate O -with O -the O -proton O -dissociation O -of O -an O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bound I-Chemical -water O -molecule O -, O -whereas O -in O -HRP O -, O -pH O -- O -dependent O -spin O -state O -change O -characterized O -by O -pK O -11 O -is O -attributed O -not O -to O -the O -simple O -protolytic O -reaction O -of O -the O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bound I-Chemical -water O -but O -to O -the O -direct O -coordination O -of O -an O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residue O -of O -the O -polypeptide O -chain O -to O -the O -ferric O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -heme O -- O -linked O -groups O -of O -horseradish O -peroxidases O -, O -characterized O -by O -pKa O -= O -5 O -. O -8 O -( O -isoenzyme O -A O -) O -and O -7 O -. O -3 O -( O -isoenzyme O -C O -) O -, O -are O -believed O -to O -be O -distal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -and O -, O -judging O -by O -their O -acid O -- O -base O -properties O -in O -various O -derivatives O -, O -influence O -the O -functions O -of O -these O -isoenzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subjects O -selected O -to O -the O -present O -study O -are O -molecular O -structural O -differences O -between O -the O -deoxy O -- O -and O -oxy O -- O -hemoglobin O -, O -temperature O -dependence O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -equilibrium O -constants O -, O -and O -recombination O -curves O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -in O -flash O -photolysis O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -Local O -cerebral O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -during O -resolution O -of O -embolic O -experimental O -ischemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Reactions O -of O -pial O -vessels O -to O -acute O -arterial O -hypertension O -at O -various O -levels O -of O -arterial O -pH O -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -difference O -was O -the O -same O -whether O -the O -compared O -viruses O -were O -purified O -first O -by O -either O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -precipitation O -or O -adsorption O -onto O -and O -elution O -from O -red O -blood O -cells O -and O -then O -by O -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -secretory O -HI O -antibodies O -were O -not O -demonstrated O -at O -the O -onset O -of O -illness O -in O -any O -of O -the O -patients O -, O -but O -their O -formation O -started O -early O -and O -the O -antibodies O -reached O -maximal O -levels O -about O -10 O -days O -after O -onset O -of O -illness O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -and O -poly O -I O -: O -C O -on O -replication O -of O -influenza O -virus O -in O -organ O -cultures O -of O -human O -origin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combined O -use O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -and O -poly O -I O -: O -C O -resulted O -in O -the O -enhancement O -of O -the O -antiviral O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -approach O -to O -characterization O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -Ammonium O -sulphate O -- O -precipitated O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -interferon I-Chemical -globulin O -also O -containing O -unknown O -antibodies O -against O -antigens O -that O -contaminate O -interferon B-Chemical -preparations O -was O -used O -in O -the O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -virus O -isolate O -contains O -RNA O -and O -is O -relatively O -sensitive O -to O -ether B-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -; O -it O -is O -pathogenic O -for O -suckling O -mice O -and O -two O -- O -week O -- O -old O -white O -mice O -by O -the O -intracerebral O -route O -, O -and O -replicates O -in O -primary O -cultures O -of O -chick O -and O -duck O -fibroblasts O -and O -green O -monkey O -kidneys O -and O -in O -a O -continuous O -line O -of O -pig O -embryo O -kidney O -cells O -without O -any O -cytopathic O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Correlation O -between O -foetal O -pH O -, O -cord O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -level O -and O -Apgar O -score O -in O -a O -foetal O -intensive O -care O -unit O -- O -- O -preliminary O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -significant O -correlation O -coefficient O -between O -foetal O -pH O -and O -Apgar O -Score O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -38 O -and O -the O -coefficient O -of O -correlation O -between O -umbilical O -artery O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -foetal O -pH O -was O -0 O -. O -08 O -. O - -aps B-category -Adjunctive O -drug O -use O -by O -methadone B-Chemical -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -pilot O -program O -of O -urine O -screening O -for O -the O -presence O -of O -adjunctive O -drugs O -was O -completed O -, O -and O -we O -found O -the O -incidence O -of O -use O -to O -be O -below O -expected O -levels O -, O -except O -for O -opiates O -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -a O -fluorometric O -assay O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -oxidized O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -( O -NAD O -[ O -P O -] O -+ O -) O -, O -total O -and O -cyanide O -- O -resistant O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxidative I-Chemical -activities O -have O -been O -measured O -in O -subcellular O -fractions O -isolated O -from O -resting O -and O -phagocytosing O -human O -polymorphonuclears O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -the O -cells O -with O -opsonized O -zymosan O -had O -a O -different O -effect O -on O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxidative I-Chemical -activities O -of O -these O -subcellular O -fractions O -, O -which O -suggests O -the O -involvement O -of O -various O -types O -of O -enzymatic O -systems O -in O -the O -oxidation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -changes O -in O -urine O -composition O -, O -there O -was O -a O -50 O -- O -to O -200 O -- O -fold O -increase O -in O -the O -fetal O -plasma O -concentration O -of O -vasopressin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -They O -provide O -an O -explanation O -for O -the O -low O -sodium B-Chemical -levels O -reported O -in O -asphyxiated O -newborn O -infants O -in O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -type O -of O -results O -were O -obtained O -: O -1 O -) O -Im O -and O -Kt O -both O -decreased O -by O -approximately O -the O -same O -fraction O -when O -the O -pH O -of O -both O -solutions O -was O -reduced O -by O -increasing O -PCO2 O -, O -2 O -) O -Im O -decreased O -and O -Kt O -increased O -when O -the O -external O -pH O -was O -decreased O -, O -and O -3 O -) O -Im O -increased O -with O -ADH O -and O -theophylline B-Chemical -, O -decreased O -with O -external O -Ca O -, O -and O -Kt O -remained O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Clinical O -studies O -on O -the O -usefulness O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -after O -short O -lasting O -anaesthesias O -with O -narcotic O -analgesics O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -150 O -patients O -undergoing O -minor O -gynaecological O -procedures O -( O -curretages O -) O -were O -anesthetized O -with O -ketamine B-Chemical -and O -either O -diazepam B-Chemical -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -or O -placebo O -in O -order O -to O -establish O -the O -best O -combination O -for O -the O -prevention O -of O -postoperative O -psychotomimetic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -and O -their O -hydroperoxy O -and O -hydroxy O -derivatives O -by O -high O -- O -performance O -liquid O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Pharmacology O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -antagonists O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparative O -study O -of O -nalorphine O -and O -naloxone B-Chemical -in O -normal O -awake O -man O -: O -effects O -on O -the O -respiration O -and O -the O -H O -- O -reflex O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Naloxone B-Chemical -was O -used O -in O -20 O -patients O -divided O -into O -two O -series O -: O -series O -A O -consisted O -of O -10 O -adults O -with O -an O -average O -age O -of O -50 O -. O -6 O -years O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -12 O -. O -03 O -) O -and O -series O -B O -10 O -children O -with O -an O -average O -age O -of O -8 O -. O -5 O -years O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -. O -16 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -dose O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -was O -0 O -. O -26 O -mg O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -10 O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Antagonistic O -effects O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -against O -morphinomimetic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -involved O -ten O -patients O -undergoing O -gynaecological O -surgery O -under O -neuroleptanalgesia O -and O -who O -at O -the O -end O -of O -surgery O -had O -hypoventilation O -due O -to O -the O -use O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -( O -average O -dose O -: O -4 O -. O -87 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -/ O -h O -) O -or O -phenoperidine O -( O -average O -dose O -: O -48 O -. O -7 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -/ O -h O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Awakening O -following O -neuroleptoanalgesia O -antagonized O -by O -naloxone B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reactivity O -during O -the O -narcosis O -and O -the O -mechanisms O -of O -action O -of O -Etomidate B-Chemical -on O -the O -" O -non O -specific O -structures O -" O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -Etomidate B-Chemical -on O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -( O -C O -. O -B O -. O -F O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -anaesthesia O -was O -ensured O -using O -a O -standard O -dose O -of O -15 O -mg O -of O -Etomidate B-Chemical -, O -followed O -by O -a O -constant O -rate O -infusion O -( O -2 O -. O -8 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -hour O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -and O -arterial O -PC01 O -was O -studied O -under O -the O -influence O -of O -Etomidate B-Chemical -: O -cerebral O -vasoactivity O -to O -C02 O -was O -maintained O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Hemodynamic O -effects O -of O -etomidate B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Constant O -flow O -anesthesia O -using O -a O -combination O -of O -etomidate B-Chemical -and O -fentanyl B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -was O -obtained O -by O -injection O -from O -a O -syringe O -of O -a O -mixture O -of O -etomidate B-Chemical -and O -fentanyl B-Chemical -in O -an O -average O -dose O -of O -21 O -mg O -for O -etomidate B-Chemical -and O -0 O -, O -08 O -mg O -for O -fentanyl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mixture O -used O -for O -both O -induction O -and O -maintenance O -contained O -1 O -. O -3 O -mg O -of O -etomidate B-Chemical -and O -5 O -mg O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -per O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -practice O -, O -three O -substances O -are O -available O -or O -will O -shortly O -be O -available O -in O -France O -: O -lignocaine B-Chemical -, O -etidocaine O -and O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -, O -thus O -limiting O -the O -choice O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -indirect O -effects O -related O -to O -neurolysis O -in O -extradural O -analgesia O -are O -negligeable O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -there O -was O -a O -fall O -in O -pO2 O -at O -times O -T2 O -and O -T2 O -in O -relation O -to O -times O -T1 O -and O -T4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -the O -FIO2 O -lead B-Chemical -to O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -venous O -contamination O -three O -times O -( O -average O -increase O -was O -36 O -p O -. O -100 O -of O -the O -initial O -value O -) O -, O -to O -no O -change O -two O -times O -and O -a O -decrease O -four O -times O -( O -average O -decrease O -of O -34 O -p O -. O -100 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -all O -these O -, O -two O -examinations O -are O -now O -widely O -performed O -, O -those O -for O -urinary O -glucaric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltrasferase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -other O -( O -neutral O -leucine B-Chemical -amidase O -activity O -) O -has O -an O -optimal O -activity O -at O -pH O -: O -7 O -, O -5 O -- O -- O -7 O -, O -8 O -and O -is O -not O -activated O -by O -Mg2 O -+ O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -neutral O -leucine B-Chemical -amidase O -activity O -is O -studied O -in O -pathological O -sera O -comparatively O -with O -two O -other O -aminopeptidase O -activities O -: O -" O -alcaline O -leucine B-Chemical -amidase O -activity O -" O -, O -and O -" O -leucine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arylamidase I-Chemical -" O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bronchodilators O -ephedrine B-Chemical -and O -theophylline B-Chemical -also O -appear O -to O -be O -safe O -, O -as O -does O -cromolyn O -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -, O -the O -mainstay O -of O -glaucoma O -treatment O -for O -the O -last O -100 O -years O -, O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agents O -do O -not O -contract O -the O -pupil O -nor O -interfere O -with O -vision O -even O -in O -patients O -with O -central O -lens O -opacities O -. O - -aps B-category -Concomitant O -administration O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -with O -epinephrine B-Chemical -seems O -to O -enhance O -its O -ocular O -hypotensive O -effect O -in O -many O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -only O -34 O -% O -of O -patients O -with O -increases O -gamma O -- O -GT O -activities O -in O -whom O -there O -was O -no O -clinical O -or O -other O -biochemical O -evidence O -of O -hepatic O -disease O -, O -had O -increased O -loss O -of O -gamma O -- O -GT O -activity O -after O -butanol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antihypertensive O -effects O -on O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -were O -compared O -in O -50 O -patients O -with O -essential O -hypertension O -belonging O -to O -WHO O -stage O -1 O -or O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -possible O -dosage O -for O -metoprolol B-Chemical -was O -50 O -, O -100 O -and O -150 O -mg O -b O -. O -i O -. O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -end O -of O -the O -study O -satisfactory O -blood O -pressure O -control O -, O -defined O -as O -a O -diastolic O -blood O -pressure O -in O -the O -seated O -position O -less O -than O -95 O -mm O -Hg O -, O -was O -achieved O -in O -15 O -of O -the O -20 O -patients O -( O -75 O -% O -) O -in O -the O -metroprolol O -group O -and O -in O -13 O -out O -of O -24 O -patients O -( O -54 O -% O -) O -in O -the O -pindolol B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Generally O -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -were O -both O -well O -tolerated O -by O -the O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -was O -compared O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -160 O -mg O -b O -. O -i O -. O -d O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -the O -assimilation O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -an O -investigation O -of O -microorganisms O -utilizing O -petrochemicals O -, O -a O -strain O -identified O -as O -Flavobacterium O -rigense O -was O -found O -to O -accumulate O -a O -new O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -a O -medium O -containing O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -propanediol O -as O -the O -sole O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -. O - -aps B-category -Elemental O -analysis O -and O -infrared O -, O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -, O -and O -mass O -spectral O -analyses O -indicated O -that O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -is O -O O -- O -2 O -- O -hydroxypropylhomoserine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aforementioned O -importance O -is O -related O -to O -the O -ability O -of O -the O -bacterium O -to O -oxidize O -reduced O -iron B-Chemical -and O -sulfur O -, O -principally O -found O -in O -nature O -as O -pyrite O -( O -FeS2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -medium O -containing O -L O -- O -sorbose O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -was O -devised O -which O -induces O -colonial O -growth O -of O -Phanaerochaete O -chrysosporium O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -variety O -of O -supplements O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -it O -is O -a O -powerful O -antagonist O -of O -bronchospasm O -induced O -by O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -; O -it O -has O -no O -anticholinergic O -effects O -and O -does O -not O -affect O -blood O -pressure O -in O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -1 O -. O -5 O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivative O -: O -effects O -upon O -human O -psychomotor O -performance O -under O -different O -levels O -of O -task O -reinforcement O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -and O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -inhibited O -a O -low O -affinity O -but O -not O -a O -high O -affinity O -form O -of O -rat O -heart O -cyclic O -AMP O -phosphodiesterase O -. O - -aps B-category -Theophylline B-Chemical -produced O -inhibition O -of O -low O -and O -high O -affinity O -forms O -of O -phosphodiesterase O -at O -the O -same O -concentrations O -required O -to O -produce O -a O -positive O -chronotropic O -response O -in O -the O -isolated O -atria O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -series O -of O -experiments O -, O -it O -is O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -trace O -element O -vanadium O -( O -4 O -. O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -g O -- O -at O -/ O -1 O -as O -NH4VO3 O -) O -has O -a O -considerable O -positive O -influence O -on O -the O -synthesis O -of O -delta O -- O -aminolevulinic O -acid O -( O -delta O -- O -ALA O -) O -in O -the O -autotrophically O -growing O -green O -alga O -Chlorella O -pyrenoidosa O -, O -the O -effect O -being O -visible O -by O -an O -enhanced O -output O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -into O -the O -culture O -medium O -in O -presence O -of O -levulinic O -acid O -( O -LA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Growth O -yields O -and O -growth O -rates O -of O -Desulfovibrio O -vulgaris O -( O -Marburg O -) O -growing O -on O -hydrogen B-Chemical -plus O -sulfate O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -plus O -thiosulfate O -as O -the O -sole O -energy O -sources O -. O - -aps B-category -Standard O -and O -long O -- O -acting O -depot O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -chronic O -schizophrenics O -: O -an O -18 O -- O -month O -open O -multicentric O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -hundred O -eighty O -- O -one O -chronic O -schizophrenic O -patients O -were O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -receive O -one O -of O -the O -following O -three O -treatments O -: O -standard O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -pipotiazine O -palmitate O -, O -or O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -decanoate O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -cells O -displayed O -some O -special O -cytochemical O -properties O -also O -seen O -in O -the O -APUD O -( O -Amine O -Precursors O -Uptake O -and O -Decarboxylation O -) O -endocrine O -system O -, O -such O -as O -cytoplasmic O -argyrophilia O -and O -the O -capability O -of O -selective O -uptake O -of O -amine B-Chemical -precursors O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -an O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -, O -antagonist O -, O -and O -carbenoxolone O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -a O -drug O -used O -to O -stimulate O -gastric O -mucus O -synthesis O -and O -increase O -the O -life O -span O -of O -gastric O -epithelial O -cells O -, O -were O -studied O -to O -determine O -their O -possible O -prophylactic O -effect O -on O -the O -formation O -of O -stress O -ulcers O -, O -gastric O -transmucosal O -potential O -difference O -and O -gastric O -pH O -in O -rats O -, O -using O -a O -restraint O -stress O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Gastric O -pH O -was O -significantly O -increased O -from O -control O -levels O -in O -all O -the O -groups O -treated O -with O -antacid O -, O -cimetidine B-Chemical -and O -carbenoxolone O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -suggests O -that O -either O -cimetidine B-Chemical -or O -carbenoxolone O -, O -and O -particularly O -their O -combination O -, O -may O -be O -a O -useful O -prophylactic O -regimen O -for O -the O -prevention O -of O -stress O -ulceration O -in O -patients O -subjected O -to O -severe O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -with O -rumen O -- O -fistulated O -dairy O -cows O -were O -performed O -to O -study O -the O -effect O -of O -NaOH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -addition I-Chemical -to O -cereal O -pellets O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentrations O -of O -volatile O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -the O -fermentation O -patterns O -were O -not O -influenced O -by O -the O -NaOH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -content I-Chemical -of O -the O -pellets O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatotoxic O -effect O -of O -thioacetamide O -( O -TAM O -) O -on O -NADP O -- O -linked O -enzymes O -, O -aminotransferases O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -metabolites O -known O -to O -date O -are O -bromoethylbutyramide O -, O -ethylbutyrylurea O -and O -inorganic O -bromide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -For O -intraperitoneal O -injection O -LD O -- O -50 O -values O -were O -found O -to O -be O -for O -carbromal O -1 O -. O -8 O -mmoles O -/ O -kg O -, O -for O -bromoethylbutyramide O -1 O -. O -5 O -mmoles O -/ O -kg O -, O -for O -ethylbutyrylurea O -5 O -. O -0 O -mmoles O -/ O -kg O -and O -for O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -0 O -. O -9 O -mmoles O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anticonvulsive O -activity O -against O -pentetrazol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -generalized O -seizures O -was O -nearly O -identical O -for O -carbromal O -, O -bromoethylbutyramide O -and O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -after O -acute O -and O -chronic O -administration O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -in O -the O -rat O -results O -in O -a O -rise O -of O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -TAT O -) O -expressed O -as O -mumoles O -of O -p O -- O -hydroxyphenylpyruvate O -/ O -100 O -mg O -/ O -h O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -activity O -in O -fetal O -livers O -is O -much O -lower O -than O -that O -of O -adult O -animals O -: O -after O -maternal O -administration O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -only O -a O -modest O -TAT O -increase O -is O -seen O -which O -is O -not O -, O -however O -, O -statistically O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -morphine B-Chemical -administration O -to O -the O -prole O -of O -naive O -rats O -results O -in O -an O -induction O -of O -liver O -TAT O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -cryptorchidism O -both O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -succinate O -dehydrogenase O -activity O -decreased O -in O -the O -tubules O -parallel O -to O -the O -loss O -of O -germinal O -cells O -, O -whereas O -lipoamide O -dehydrogenase O -( O -NADH O -) O -activity O -increased O -in O -both O -interstitial O -and O -tubular O -areas O -. O - -aps B-category -Rudimentary O -locus O -of O -Drosophila O -melanogaster O -: O -partial O -purification O -of O -a O -carbamylphosphate O -synthase B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -- O -- O -dihydroorotase O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -in O -the O -human O -brain O -: O -changes O -in O -Parkinsonism O -. O - -aps B-category -Relationship O -between O -sporulation O -and O -mutations O -impairing O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -Bacillus O -megaterium O -. O - -aps B-category -Non O -- O -linear O -relationship O -between O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -and O -proton O -release O -, O -and O -equivalence O -of O -the O -Bohr O -and O -Haldane O -coefficients O -in O -human O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Chlorazepate O -, O -a O -long O -- O -acting O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -, O -allayed O -anxiety O -before O -operation O -, O -being O -superior O -to O -placebo O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -in O -which O -the O -drug O -was O -given O -the O -night O -before O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -Rimiterol O -and O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -produced O -significant O -dose O -- O -related O -increases O -in O -cardiac O -output O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoprenaline O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -rimiterol O -produced O -direct O -coronary O -vasodilation O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -Rimiterol O -, O -because O -it O -does O -not O -produce O -direct O -coronary O -vasodilation O -may O -be O -preferable O -to O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -low O -- O -cardiac O -output O -syndrome O -where O -there O -is O -regional O -myocardial O -ischaemia O -, O -since O -it O -would O -be O -less O -likely O -to O -produce O -a O -" O -coronary O -steal O -" O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Detailed O -pH O -titration O -data O -indicate O -that O -the O -configuration O -about O -both O -peptide O -bonds O -is O -closely O -linked O -to O -titration O -of O -the O -terminal O -carboxyl O -group O -and O -, O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -, O -to O -titration O -of O -the O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -studies O -on O -bacterial O -dihydrofolate O -reductase O -containing O -[ O -methyl O -- O -13C O -] O -methionine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -Mg2 O -+ O -- O -ATPase O -and O -a O -pH O -gradient O -in O -the O -storage O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -synaptic O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -Inasmuch O -as O -these O -amines B-Chemical -are O -known O -to O -prevent O -the O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -dependent O -loss O -of O -deformability O -of O -the O -membrane O -, O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -transglutaminase O -- O -catalyzed O -cross O -- O -linking O -may O -be O -a O -biochemical O -cause O -of O -irreversible O -membrane O -stiffening O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -result O -suggests O -a O -very O -similar O -distribution O -of O -charge O -on O -the O -benzoyl O -moiety O -in O -the O -transition O -state O -for O -the O -two O -enzymes O -, O -which O -is O -interpreted O -in O -terms O -of O -the O -net O -charge O -of O -the O -transition O -state O -for O -the O -deacylation O -of O -nonspecific O -acyl O -papains O -being O -equal O -to O -- O -- O -1 O -with O -the O -general O -base O -catalyzed O -assistance O -to O -the O -attack O -of O -water O -on O -the O -acyl O -enzyme O -being O -provided O -by O -the O -negatively O -charged O -Asp O -- O -158 O -rather O -than O -by O -the O -neutral O -Asn O -- O -175 O -- O -His O -- O -159 O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bond O -network O -. O - -aps B-category -HCl O -buffer O -with O -tetranitromethane O -resulted O -in O -the O -selective O -nitration O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -11 O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -22 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biological O -activity O -of O -cardiotoxin O -was O -indeed O -affected O -by O -nitration O -, O -but O -the O -immunological O -activity O -was O -nearly O -intact O -even O -when O -all O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -were O -nitrated O -. O - -aps B-category -Cooperative O -binding O -of O -folate B-Chemical -to O -a O -protein O -isolated O -from O -cow O -' O -s O -whey O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -conditions O -ruling O -out O -complex O -- O -formation O -of O -lysozyme O -with O -the O -inhibitors O -( O -N O -- O -acetylglucosamine O -and O -its O -dimer O -) O -the O -electrons O -are O -localized O -on O -disulphide O -bonds O -of O -the O -protein O -molecules O -at O -alkaline O -pH O -and O -at O -pH O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -3 O -the O -radicals O -are O -observed O -which O -are O -due O -to O -the O -remove O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -atom O -from O -the O -Calpha O -- O -atom O -of O -the O -protein O -polypeptide O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -incontinence O -during O -treatment O -with O -depot O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Distribution O -of O -taurine O -and O -putative O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -neurotransmitters O -in O -eight O -areas O -of O -the O -canine O -lumbar O -spinal O -cord O -. O - -aps B-category -Examination O -of O -the O -composition O -of O -cellular O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -of O -three O -strains O -of O -T O -. O -thioparus O -showed O -that O -they O -prossessed O -3 O -- O -hydroxy O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -of O -C10 O -and O -C12 O -; O -saturated O -straight O -chains O -of O -C10 O -, O -C12 O -, O -C15 O -, O -C16 O -, O -C17 O -, O -and O -C18 O -; O -monounsaturated O -straight O -chains O -of O -C16 O -and O -C18 O -; O -and O -cyclopropane O -acid O -of O -C17 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -order O -of O -the O -specific O -rate O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -T O -. O -ferrooxidans O -in O -approximately O -CuFES2 O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -gallium O -- O -bearing O -CuFeS2 O -greater O -than O -FeS2 O -greater O -than O -Cu2S O -greater O -than O -Cu2S O -greater O -than O -Ga2S3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -, O -an O -extensively O -used O -cancer O -chemotherapeutic O -agent O -, O -requires O -metabolic O -activation O -through O -a O -mixed O -- O -function O -oxygenase O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oncogenic O -transformation O -and O -chromosomal O -changes O -were O -completely O -eliminated O -by O -removing O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -from O -the O -metabolic O -generating O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Complexes O -of O -trivalent O -oxygenated O -phosphorus B-Chemical -compounds O -with O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -and O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -420 O -: O -the O -origin O -of O -double O -Soret O -spectra O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -affinity O -of O -these O -ligands O -for O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -is O -indicated O -by O -small O -Ks O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolic O -reaction O -was O -carried O -out O -by O -liver O -microsomes O -from O -the O -mouse O -, O -rabbit O -, O -hamster O -and O -rat O -and O -was O -increased O -by O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -pre O -- O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -consumption O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -in O -the O -reaction O -was O -greater O -than O -could O -be O -accounted O -for O -by O -the O -production O -of O -dichlorofluoromethane O -indicating O -the O -possible O -formation O -of O -other O -metabolic O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -dieldrin O -toxicity O -of O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -and O -activities O -of O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidase O -in O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -and O -compared O -the O -effects O -of O -5 O -- O -and O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -( O -5 O -- O -or O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -) O -on O -venous O -tone O -and O -on O -adrenergic O -and O -nonadrenergic O -responses O -of O -the O -isolated O -canine O -saphenous O -vein O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -were O -blocked O -by O -desmethylimipramine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -5 O -- O -nor O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -markedly O -altered O -peak O -contractile O -responses O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -but O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -prolonged O -the O -response O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Large O -contractile O -responses O -to O -5 O -- O -OHDA O -were O -blocked O -only O -partially O -by O -treatment O -of O -strips O -with O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -that O -contractile O -responses O -to O -5 O -- O -OHDA O -were O -mediated O -by O -direct O -and O -indirect O -actions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -the O -experiments O -suggest O -that O -both O -5 O -- O -and O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -may O -be O -useful O -pharmacological O -interventions O -for O -the O -study O -of O -adrenergic O -mechanisms O -in O -isolated O -blood O -vessels O -. O - -aps B-category -Lead O -is O -used O -to O -sequester O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -enabling O -measurement O -of O -A O -in O -the O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -eluted I-Chemical -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -in O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -does O -not O -appear O -to O -be O -a O -clinically O -important O -mechanism O -in O -the O -hypotensive O -effect O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockers O -and O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Methyldopa I-Chemical -and O -beta O -- O -blockers O -in O -hypertension O -- O -- O -a O -comparison O -of O -their O -haemodynamic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -acute O -injection O -of O -beta O -- O -blockers O -induces O -a O -marked O -decrease O -in O -heart O -rate O -and O -cardiac O -output O -, O -a O -compensatory O -increase O -in O -the O -total O -peripheral O -resistance O -and O -no O -decrease O -in O -the O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Minor O -reductions O -in O -standing O -and O -exercise O -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -increases O -in O -heart O -rate O -were O -observed O -with O -the O -10 O -- O -mg O -oral O -dose O -and O -appeared O -maximal O -with O -the O -400 O -- O -600 O -mg O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -a O -number O -of O -measures O -, O -10 O -mg O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -, O -a O -modest O -dosage O -, O -could O -be O -distinguished O -from O -placebo O -, O -showing O -changes O -in O -the O -direction O -expected O -for O -stimulant O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Enterocytes O -, O -isolated O -from O -the O -proximal O -jejinum O -and O -distal O -ileum O -of O -the O -rat O -, O -were O -homogenized O -and O -their O -organelles O -separated O -by O -isopycnic O -centrifugation O -on O -continuous O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -brush O -- O -border O -enzymes O -, O -soluble O -and O -mitochondrial O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -soluble O -and O -membrane O -- O -associated O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -particulate O -protein O -content O -, O -however O -, O -were O -greater O -in O -the O -jejunal O -than O -the O -ileal O -enterocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -and O -urine O -free O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydroxyphenethylamine O -) O -were O -measured O -in O -six O -normal O -male O -volunteer O -subjects O -and O -the O -urinary O -clearance O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -was O -calculated O -for O -each O -subject O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -free O -dopamine B-Chemical -must O -, O -therefore O -, O -be O -formed O -in O -the O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -dopamine B-Chemical -excretion O -increased O -significantly O -in O -rats O -given O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -KCl O -and O -NH4Cl O -, O -whereas O -dopamine B-Chemical -excretion O -decreased O -in O -those O -given O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -dopamine B-Chemical -excretion O -with O -KCl O -and O -NH4Cl O -showed O -that O -this O -response O -was O -not O -specific O -to O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -varying O -PCO2 O -on O -lactate B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -intracellular O -pH O -( O -pHi O -) O -were O -studied O -in O -the O -isolated O -rat O -liver O -perfused O -with O -differing O -concentration O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -model O -of O -hepatic O -lactate B-Chemical -metabolism O -is O -proposed O -which O -may O -account O -for O -the O -quantitative O -variation O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -attempt O -is O -made O -to O -relate O -the O -findings O -to O -the O -disturbances O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -clinical O -respiratory O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -varying O -PCO2 O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -output O -and O -the O -intracellular O -concentrations O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -, O -2 O -- O -phosphoglycerate O -and O -3 O -- O -phosphoglycerate O -were O -studied O -in O -the O -isolated O -rat O -liver O -perfused O -with O -differing O -concentrations O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -general O -there O -were O -significant O -positive O -correlations O -between O -intracellular O -pH O -( O -pHi O -) O -and O -hepatocyte O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -, O -2 O -- O -phosphoglycerate O -and O -3 O -- O -phosphoglycerate O -concentrations O -, O -and O -negative O -correlations O -between O -pHi O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -concentrations O -; O -there O -were O -usually O -significant O -correlations O -in O -the O -opposite O -sense O -between O -these O -metabolites O -and O -log O -PCO2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Except O -at O -low O -lactate B-Chemical -concentrations O -, O -nonionic O -diffusion O -probably O -does O -not O -play O -a O -major O -role O -in O -the O -entry O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -into O -the O -hepatocyte O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolism O -of O -polybrominated O -biphenyls O -( O -PBBs O -) O -was O -studied O -in O -vitro O -by O -using O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -atmospheric O -O2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -twelve O -major O -components O -, O -losses O -of O -only O -peaks O -1 O -( O -2 O -, O -4 O -, O -5 O -, O -2 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -pentabromobiphenyl O -) O -and O -3 O -( O -a O -hexabromobiphenyl O -) O -were O -observed O -following O -incubations O -with O -microsomes O -from O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -( O -PB O -) O -- O -or O -PBBS O -- O -pretreated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Dissociation O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -behaviour O -of O -beta O -- O -hemocyanin O -from O -Helix O -pomatia O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -purification O -procedure O -is O -described O -by O -which O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -was O -obtained O -from O -cultured O -cells O -of O -Drosophila O -melanogaster O -as O -part O -of O -a O -high O -- O -molecular O -- O -weight O -enzyme O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -purification O -procedure O -is O -also O -described O -to O -obtain O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -from O -second O -instar O -larvae O -of O -Drosophila O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -- O -determining O -step O -for O -papain O -- O -catalyzed O -hydrolysis O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzoyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -ethyl O -ester O -, O -determined O -by O -nucleophile O -competition O -, O -changed O -from O -acylation O -below O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -to O -mixed O -acylation O -- O -deacylation O -above O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -investigations O -revealed O -increased O -concentrations O -of O -biopterin O -derivatives O -in O -the O -blood O -, O -a O -low O -excretion O -of O -5 O -- O -hydroxyindole O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -urine O -, O -and O -a O -dihydropteridine O -reductase O -deficiency O -as O -the O -cause O -of O -hyperphenylalaninaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -parameters O -, O -such O -as O -O2 O -consumption O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -consumption O -increased O -significantly O -during O -the O -clamping O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Climbing O -behaviour O -induced O -by O -apomorphine B-Chemical -in O -mice O -: O -a O -potential O -model O -for O -the O -detection O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -potential O -interacting O -agents O -were O -given O -as O -pretreatments O -to O -determine O -changes O -in O -motor O -function O -which O -may O -interfere O -with O -the O -climbing O -induced O -by O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -s O -. O -c O -. O -apomorphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Excluding O -these O -non O -- O -specific O -changes O -, O -climbing O -behaviour O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -antagonised O -, O -dose O -- O -dependently O -, O -by O -low O -doses O -of O -typical O -and O -atypical O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agents O -( O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -, O -loxapine O -, O -pimozide O -, O -oxiperomide O -, O -clozapin O -, O -thioridazine B-Chemical -, O -sulpiride B-Chemical -, O -tiapride B-Chemical -and O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -) O -but O -not O -specifically O -by O -other O -psychoactive O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Picrotoxin O -specifically O -reduced O -climbing O -behaviour O -but O -sodium B-Chemical -valproate I-Chemical -exerted O -non O -- O -specific O -effects O -, O -precluding O -conclusions O -as O -to O -a O -GABA B-Chemical -involvement O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -involvement O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -with O -climbing O -was O -extended O -to O -the O -actions O -of O -the O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -: O -the O -antagonistic O -effects O -of O -typical O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -( O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -, O -loxapine O -) O -were O -markedly O -enhanced O -by O -combination O -with O -methysergide B-Chemical -or O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -whilst O -the O -effects O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -, O -sulpiride B-Chemical -and O -thioridazine B-Chemical -were O -significantly O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -heart O -rate O -on O -ouabain B-Chemical -cardiotoxicity O -in O -cats O -with O -spinal O -cord O -transection O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lethal O -dose O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -was O -higher O -in O -cats O -with O -transected O -spinal O -cords O -and O -not O -paced O -than O -it O -was O -in O -the O -control O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -both O -groups O -of O -spinal O -- O -sectioned O -cats O -, O -death O -was O -associated O -with O -higher O -ventricular O -and O -serum O -levels O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -than O -in O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -restoration O -of O -heart O -rate O -to O -control O -levels O -in O -spinal O -animals O -appeared O -to O -accelerate O -myocardial O -ouabain B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Spinal O -section O -itself O -appears O -to O -decrease O -the O -sensitivity O -to O -ouabain B-Chemical -partly O -through O -a O -decrease O -in O -cardiac O -rate O -and O -partly O -through O -a O -loss O -of O -neurogenic O -influence O -. O - -aps B-category -Halothane B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -sleeping O -time O -in O -the O -mouse O -: O -its O -modification O -by O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -test O -can O -be O -recommended O -for O -its O -practical O -advantages O -over O -methods O -using O -barbiturates O -to O -induce O -hypnosis O -; O -due O -cognizance O -must O -be O -taken O -of O -a O -diurnal O -variation O -in O -the O -response O -of O -mice O -to O -halothane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -between O -5 O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -and O -halothane B-Chemical -has O -been O -studied O -in O -particular O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -were O -clearly O -more O -potent O -than O -chlorodiazepoxide O -, O -medazepam O -and O -oxazepam B-Chemical -in O -respect O -of O -their O -interactions O -with O -halothane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Antispasmodics O -, O -such O -as O -papaverine B-Chemical -, O -benactyzine O -and O -Aspaminol O -( O -1 O -, O -1 O -- O -diphenyl O -- O -3 O -- O -piperidino O -- O -butanol O -hydrochloride O -) O -relaxed O -the O -depolarized O -taenia O -, O -while O -the O -depolarized O -taenia O -was O -not O -relaxed O -by O -concentrations O -of O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -sufficient O -to O -relax O -the O -polarized O -taenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -carboxykinase O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -saxitoxin B-Chemical -binding O -in O -isolated O -rat O -synaptosomes O -using O -a O -rapid O -filtration O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -a O -variety O -of O -molecule O -species O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -avaialable O -at O -physiological O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -appears O -at O -this O -time O -that O -the O -trans O -extended O -form O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -is O -the O -optimum O -form O -for O -binding O -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Action O -of O -antischizophrenic O -drugs O -on O -the O -metabolism O -of O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -in O -globus O -pallidus O -, O -striatum O -and O -n O -. O -accumbens O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -enzyme O -activity O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -enzyme O -activity O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -catecholamines B-Chemical -were O -selectively O -blocked O -by O -cimetidine B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -five O -percent O -presented O -with O -general O -gastrointestinal O -symptoms O -rather O -than O -with O -overt O -liver O -disease O -or O -previously O -recognised O -excess O -consumption O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -these O -methods O -of O -detection O -is O -discussed O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -rapid O -rise O -in O -alcohol B-Chemical -consumption O -in O -the O -United O -Kingdom O -, O -and O -the O -high O -mortality O -of O -cirrhosis O -reported O -from O -special O -centres O -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -microclimate O -in O -coeliac O -and O -Crohn O -' O -s O -disease O -: O -a O -model O -for O -folate B-Chemical -malabsorption O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -the O -present O -results O -may O -help O -to O -explain O -the O -folate B-Chemical -malabsorption O -known O -to O -occur O -in O -untreated O -coeliac O -disease O -and O -the O -frequently O -seen O -low O -serum O -folate B-Chemical -levels O -in O -Crohn O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -appeared O -to O -act O -by O -solubilizing O -guanylate O -cyclase O -from O -the O -material O -present O -in O -the O -150 O -, O -000 O -g O -pellet O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -reactions O -are O -very O -much O -faster O -than O -those O -with O -acidified O -nitrite B-Chemical -: O -typically O -, O -2 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -amine B-Chemical -gives O -ca O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -N O -- O -nitrosamine O -yield O -in O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -sodium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -is O -independent O -of O -amine B-Chemical -basicity O -from O -pKA O -11 O -. O -2 O -- O -0 O -. O -99 O -, O -but O -decreases O -with O -decreasing O -pH O -of O -the O -reaction O -solution O -for O -the O -more O -basic O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -carcinogenic O -N O -- O -nitrosamines O -from O -NO O -in O -ethanol B-Chemical -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -is O -also O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxygen O -accelerates O -nitrosation O -by O -converting O -NO O -via O -NO2 O -to O -either O -N2O3 O -or O -N2O4 O -, O -but O -both O -I2 O -and O -metal O -salts O -are O -effective O -under O -anaerobic O -conditions O -, O -where O -reaction O -rates O -are O -virtually O -independent O -of O -amine B-Chemical -basicity O -but O -depend O -on O -the O -nature O -of O -the O -added O -reagent O -. O - -aps B-category -Metal O -iodides O -intervene O -by O -way O -of O -the O -NOI O -reagent O -, O -as O -for O -I2 O -, O -but O -other O -salts O -require O -a O -mechanism O -involving O -reaction O -between O -a O -metal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amine I-Chemical -complex O -and O -NO O -, O -itself O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -nitrosation O -of O -trimethylamine O -( O -TMA O -) O -and O -trimethylaminoxide O -( O -TMAO O -) O -to O -give O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrosodimethylamine I-Chemical -( O -NDMA B-Chemical -) O -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -rates O -of O -NDMA B-Chemical -formation O -from O -TMA O -and O -TMAO O -when O -reacted O -at O -pH O -3 O -. O -0 O -and O -100 O -degrees O -C O -in O -sealed O -tubes O -were O -found O -to O -be O -proportional O -to O -the O -square O -and O -the O -cube O -, O -respectively O -, O -of O -the O -nitrite B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -at O -lower O -temperatures O -, O -NDMA B-Chemical -may O -be O -formed O -from O -TMA O -or O -TMAO O -by O -a O -pathway O -not O -involving O -DMA O -. O - -aps B-category -C O -- O -Nitrosophenols O -, O -produced O -by O -the O -nitrosation O -of O -phenols B-Chemical -, O -catalyse O -N O -- O -nitrosamine O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -reaction O -of O -pyrrolidine B-Chemical -with O -nitrite B-Chemical -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -0 O -is O -described O -, O -which O -gives O -enhanced O -N O -- O -nitrosation O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -p O -- O -cresol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -N O -- O -nitrosation O -of O -morpholine O -and O -pyrrolidine B-Chemical -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -75 O -is O -also O -effected O -by O -nitrosocysteine O -hydrochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -alpha O -- O -Tocopherol O -has O -been O -evaluated O -as O -a O -nitrite B-Chemical -scavenger O -for O -the O -prevention O -of O -nitrosamine O -formation O -in O -a O -model O -system O -and O -under O -practical O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitrosamine O -inhibition O -was O -greater O -with O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tocopherol I-Chemical -used O -in O -combination O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -ascorbate O -than O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -ascorbate O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -nonenzymatic O -mechanism O -involving O -hydrophobic O -interactions O -of O -the O -precursor O -amines B-Chemical -and O -cellular O -constituents O -is O -proposed O -. O - -aps B-category -Gastric O -contents O -from O -fasting O -humans O -were O -pooled O -and O -analysed O -for O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Gastric O -contents O -from O -35 O -patients O -, O -some O -before O -and O -/ O -or O -after O -gastric O -stimulation O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -or O -pentagastrin O -, O -were O -analysed O -for O -nitrosamines O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -, O -nitrite B-Chemical -and O -nitrate B-Chemical -determinations O -were O -made O -on O -some O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -Peroxidation O -of O -the O -unsaturated O -lipid O -of O -tissue O -homogenates O -is O -an O -established O -method O -to O -assess O -the O -antioxidant O -or O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -status O -of O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Practolol O -, O -sotalol B-Chemical -and O -1 O -- O -INPEA O -enhanced O -the O -peak O -effect O -and O -delayed O -the O -recovery O -of O -insulin O -- O -induced O -hypoglycaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -light O -and O -exhaustive O -ergometric O -exercise O -on O -blood O -sugar O -, O -total O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -pH O -in O -untrained O -young O -human O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Females O -exhibited O -hypoglycemia O -of O -slightly O -greater O -magnitude O -as O -compared O -to O -male O -subjects O -and O -during O -both O -the O -exercises O -, O -however O -, O -such O -sex O -differences O -were O -not O -observed O -for O -changes O -in O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Ach O -was O -estimated O -by O -bioassay O -on O -rectus O -abdominis O -muscle O -of O -frog O -and O -the O -CHE O -by O -measuring O -the O -drop O -in O -pH O -following O -incubation O -of O -worm O -homogenate O -with O -Ach O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ionic O -binding O -of O -aminoglycosides B-Chemical -to O -human O -serum O -albumin O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -divalent O -cations O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrophobic O -bonds O -between O -albumin O -and O -sisomicin O -or O -streptomycin B-Chemical -can O -be O -excluded O -by O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -measurements O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -dependence O -of O -protein O -binding O -suggests O -that O -ionic O -bonds O -are O -involved O -in O -the O -binding O -of O -aminoglycosides B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -were O -as O -follows O -: O -Sisomicin O -: O -delta O -F O -degrees O -= O -- O -4189 O -cal O -/ O -mole O -, O -K1 O -= O -900 O -1 O -/ O -mole O -, O -n O -= O -12 O -; O -Streptomycin B-Chemical -: O -delta O -F O -degrees O -= O -3512 O -cal O -/ O -mole O -, O -K1 O -= O -300 O -1 O -/ O -mole O -, O -n O -= O -17 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -DSCG O -, O -the O -new O -drug O -exhibits O -the O -distinct O -advantage O -of O -being O -active O -per O -os O -and O -over O -prolonged O -periods O -of O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -, O -pH O -, O -urea B-Chemical -and O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -Pre O -- O -treatment O -with O -increasing O -concentrations O -of O -urea B-Chemical -up O -to O -7 O -. O -1 O -M O -increased O -the O -degree O -of O -dissociation O -to O -70 O -% O -after O -h O -at O -room O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -acting O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -without O -offering O -a O -therapeutic O -breakthrough O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -schizophrenia O -, O -are O -nevertheless O -a O -definite O -step O -in O -the O -management O -of O -patients O -with O -this O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -and O -chloride B-Chemical -net O -transport O -in O -isolated O -human O -cornea O -preparations O -were O -found O -to O -be O -pH O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -, O -net O -sodium B-Chemical -flux O -did O -not O -differ O -significantly O -from O -zero O -, O -and O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -, O -net O -sodium B-Chemical -transport O -was O -directed O -toward O -the O -aqueous O -humor O -side O -. O - -aps B-category -Variability O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -normal O -blood O -: O -an O -automated O -method O -of O -measurement O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -muscle O -was O -mounted O -in O -tissue O -baths O -fitted O -with O -platinum B-Chemical -wire O -electrodes O -and O -the O -mechanical O -activity O -was O -recorded O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -normal O -human O -and O -in O -the O -dog O -, O -pretreatment O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -or O -KCl O -changed O -this O -response O -and O -when O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -was O -added O -the O -tissue O -contracted O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -diseased O -tissue O -, O -the O -addition O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -a O -contraction O -that O -was O -blocked O -by O -phentolamine B-Chemical -or O -BHC O -and O -no O -pretreatment O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -or O -KCl O -was O -required O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -MIC O -of O -rapamycin B-Chemical -did O -not O -vary O -drastically O -with O -the O -size O -of O -inoculum O -: O -a O -ten O -- O -fold O -dilution O -of O -the O -inoculum O -reduced O -the O -MIC O -only O -two O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -same O -experimental O -infections O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -and O -nystatin O -exhibited O -PD50 O -values O -of O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -25 O -mg O -and O -greater O -than O -4 O -, O -000 O -units O -/ O -kg O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -above O -treatment O -was O -extended O -by O -an O -additional O -daily O -treatment O -for O -6 O -days O -, O -rapamycin B-Chemical -by O -the O -subcutaneous O -route O -yielded O -a O -higher O -percentage O -of O -survival O -than O -either O -rapamycin B-Chemical -or O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -, O -administered O -orally O -, O -after O -a O -30 O -- O -day O -observation O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -specific O -gamma O -- O -aminobutyrate O -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -transport O -system O -in O -Escherichia O -coli O -K O -- O -12 O -cells O -with O -a O -K O -( O -m O -) O -of O -12 O -muM O -and O -a O -V O -( O -max O -) O -of O -278 O -nmol O -/ O -ml O -of O -intracellular O -water O -per O -min O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Mutants O -defective O -in O -GABA B-Chemical -transport O -were O -isolated O -; O -they O -lost O -the O -ability O -to O -utilize O -GABA B-Chemical -as O -a O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -, O -although O -the O -activities O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -succinylsemialdehyde I-Chemical -transaminase O -( O -GSST O -) O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -19 O -) O -and O -succinylsemialdehyde O -dehydrogenase O -( O -SSDH O -) O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -16 O -) O -, O -the O -enzymes O -that O -catalyze O -GABA B-Chemical -utilization O -, O -remained O -as O -high O -as O -in O -the O -parental O -CS101B O -strain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -genetic O -lesions O -resulting O -in O -the O -loss O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -transport O -, O -gabP5 O -and O -gabP9 O -, O -mapped O -in O -the O -gab O -gene O -cluster O -in O -close O -linkage O -to O -gabT O -and O -gabD O -, O -the O -structural O -genes O -of O -GSST O -and O -SSDH O -, O -and O -to O -gabC O -, O -a O -gene O -controlling O -the O -utilization O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -, O -arginine O -, O -putrescine O -, O -and O -ornithine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -with O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -EC O -6 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -- O -negative O -and O -with O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -- O -constitutive O -strains O -strongly O -indicate O -that O -this O -enzyme O -is O -the O -effector O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -carrier O -synthesis O -by O -route O -( O -ii O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Molecular O -weights O -of O -these O -two O -proteins O -determined O -in O -the O -native O -state O -and O -after O -denaturation O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -show O -that O -the O -enzymes O -are O -monomeric O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -, O -however O -, O -markedly O -labilized O -by O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -ionic O -strength O -of O -the O -medium O -brought O -about O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -0 O -. O -2 O -M O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -or O -in O -pH O -above O -9 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -provide O -strong O -support O -for O -the O -idea O -that O -monomeric O -proteins O -in O -thermophiles O -owe O -their O -unusual O -heat O -stability O -to O -the O -presence O -of O -salt B-Chemical -bridges O -in O -their O -tertiary O -structure O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -has O -been O -a O -paucity O -of O -research O -in O -the O -use O -of O -high O -- O -dose O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -severe O -neurotic O -anxiety O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -author O -poses O -several O -questions O -important O -to O -the O -future O -of O -research O -on O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Multi O -- O -clinic O -double O -- O -blind O -comparison O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -( O -Halcion O -) O -and O -placebo O -administered O -for O -14 O -consecutive O -nights O -in O -outpatients O -with O -insomnia O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -investigators O -treated O -239 O -patients O -, O -122 O -on O -triazolam B-Chemical -and O -117 O -on O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -pooled O -efficacy O -data O -showed O -that O -triazolam B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -better O -than O -placebo O -on O -all O -efficacy O -parameters O -measured O -, O -including O -how O -much O -the O -medication O -helped O -the O -patients O -sleep O -, O -onset O -of O -sleep O -, O -duration O -of O -sleep O -, O -duration O -compared O -to O -usual O -, O -number O -of O -nocturnal O -awakenings O -, O -and O -feeling O -of O -restfulness O -in O -the O -morning O -. O - -aps B-category -Diffusion O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -ions O -in O -dental O -enamel O -at O -pH O -7 O -: O -a O -theoretical O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -the O -antibiotic O -is O -capable O -of O -extracting O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -from O -the O -bulk O -of O -an O -aqueous O -phase O -into O -an O -organic O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antibiotic O -also O -binds O -La3 O -+ O -to O -some O -extent O -, O -but O -its O -complexation O -with O -monovalent O -alkali B-Chemical -metal O -ions O -is O -negligible O -. O - -aps B-category -Diffusion O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -ions O -in O -dental O -enamel O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diffusion O -coefficients O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -ions O -in O -enamel O -obtained O -from O -the O -application O -of O -the O -model O -to O -the O -results O -presented O -here O -, O -were O -: O -D O -= O -0 O -. O -9 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -17 O -) O -cm2 O -/ O -s O -in O -the O -crystallites O -and O -D O -' O -= O -3 O -. O -3 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -10 O -) O -cm2 O -/ O -s O -in O -the O -enamel O -pores O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -induction O -of O -growth O -hormone O -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -GH1 O -cells O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -Reuber O -H O -- O -35 O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -growth O -hormone O -response O -, O -the O -induction O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -by O -glucocorticoid O -was O -not O -influenced O -by O -thyroid O -hormone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -cleaved O -benzyloxycarbonyl O -( O -Cbz O -) O -- O -Pro O -- O -Phe O -, O -representing O -the O -COOH O -- O -terminal O -end O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -and O -des B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Asp1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -( O -angiotensin B-Chemical -III O -) O -, O -at O -a O -rate O -of O -31 O -micronmol O -/ O -h O -/ O -mg O -of O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -also O -cleaved O -the O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -antagonist O -saralasin B-Chemical -( O -Sar1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Ala8 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -had O -an O -acid O -pH O -optimum O -( O -4 O -. O -5 O -to O -5 O -. O -5 O -) O -, O -but O -hydrolyzed O -angiotensin B-Chemical -III O -at O -pH O -7 O -at O -50 O -% O -of O -the O -optimal O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -by O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -in O -hepatoma O -tissue O -culture O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Actinomycin O -D O -blocks O -both O -the O -induction O -and O -deinduction O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -by O -glucocorticoids O -, O -suggesting O -a O -requirement O -of O -RNA O -synthesis O -for O -both O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrophoresis O -of O -the O -immunoprecipitates O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -didecyl O -sulfate O -- O -acrylamide O -gels O -isolates O -the O -subunit O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -permits O -the O -radioactivity O -in O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -band O -to O -be O -quantitated O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexamethasone B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -) O -increases O -the O -rate O -of O -synthesis O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -2 O -- O -to O -3 O -- O -fold O -but O -has O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -rate O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -degradation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -actinomycin O -D O -at O -the O -time O -of O -removal O -of O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -from O -induced O -cells O -prevents O -the O -fall O -in O -the O -induced O -rate O -of O -synthesis O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -normally O -seen O -when O -the O -inhibitor O -is O -removed O -from O -the O -culture O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Biosynthesis O -in O -Escherichia O -coli O -of O -sn O -- O -glycerol O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -a O -precursor O -of O -phospholipid O -. O - -aps B-category -Homogeneous O -wild O -type O -and O -feedback O -- O -resistant O -forms O -of O -the O -biosynthetic O -sn O -- O -glycerol O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -glycerol O -- O -P O -) O -dehydrogenase O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -( O -EC1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -8 O -) O -were O -subjected O -to O -two O -- O -substrate O -kinetic O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -glycerol O -- O -P O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -stabilized O -both O -enzymes O -against O -thermal O -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -Bovine O -thymus O -poly O -( O -adenosine B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -ribose O -) O -polymerase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -enzyme O -required O -NAD O -+ O -, O -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -a O -thiol B-Chemical -compound O -, O -DNA O -, O -and O -histones O -for O -full O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Filament O -destruction O -is O -minimized O -by O -treatment O -with O -a O -low O -concentration O -of O -OsO4 O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -, O -at O -0 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Under O -these O -conditions O -, O -the O -viscosity O -of O -actin O -filament O -solutions O -is O -stable O -and O -actin O -filaments O -retain O -their O -straight O -, O -unbranched O -structure O -, O -even O -after O -dehydration O -and O -embedding O -. O - -aps B-category -Thin O -- O -layer O -detection O -of O -pentazocine B-Chemical -, O -tripelennamine O -, O -phencyclidine B-Chemical -and O -propoxyphene O -alone O -or O -in O -combination O -with O -opiates O -in O -drug O -abuse O -urine O -screening O -programs O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -progestins B-Chemical -on O -androgen B-Chemical -delta4 O -- O -3 O -- O -ketosteroid O -- O -5alpha O -- O -A O -- O -ring O -reductase O -system O -in O -rat O -oral O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -MPA O -, O -when O -used O -in O -a O -mixture O -with O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -4 O -- O -androstenedione O -in O -vitro O -, O -acted O -as O -a O -competitive O -inhibitor O -of O -the O -reduction O -of O -these O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -Like O -AHGG O -, O -but O -in O -complete O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -polynucleotides O -, O -the O -C1q O -- O -precipitating O -activity O -of O -C1q O -- O -p O -was O -sensitive O -to O -pepsin O -, O -trypsin O -, O -and O -acidic O -conditions O -, O -but O -unaffected O -by O -DNAse O -or O -RNAse O -; O -the O -C1q O -- O -precipitating O -activity O -of O -anti O -- O -C1q O -antibody O -was O -not O -diminished O -by O -any O -of O -these O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -Endogenous O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -concentration O -in O -human O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -in O -the O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -- O -extracted O -plasma O -samples O -is O -significantly O -correlated O -with O -the O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -concentration O -in O -the O -samples O -extracted O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -, O -the O -pH O -optimum O -of O -the O -in O -vitro O -reaction O -of O -human O -renin O -with O -human O -renin O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -normal O -range O -found O -for O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -in O -venous O -blood O -of O -apparently O -normal O -, O -male O -subjects O -was O -25 O -to O -143 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Supersaturation O -of O -urine O -with O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -urate B-Chemical -: O -response O -to O -a O -uricosuric O -diuretic B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -agent O -affected O -small O -amounts O -of O -" O -colloidal O -" O -or O -" O -bound O -" O -urinary O -urate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -no O -cross O -- O -reaction O -was O -observed O -with O -NY O -- O -45 O -virus O -which O -had O -not O -previously O -been O -passaged O -through O -mosquitoes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cell O -R15 O -, O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -the O -primary O -precursor O -and O -its O -subsequent O -processing O -to O -smaller O -peptides O -is O -largely O -unaffected O -by O -removal O -of O -extracellular O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -by O -replacement O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -with O -cobalt B-Chemical -or O -by O -inhibition O -of O -spontaneous O -bursting O -via O -stimulation O -of O -the O -brachial O -nerve O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -a O -single O -dose O -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -of O -a O -relatively O -new O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -, O -bromazepam O -to O -rats O -markedly O -suppressed O -their O -spontaneous O -locomotor O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -endogenous O -levels O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -were O -significantly O -increased O -not O -only O -in O -several O -brain O -areas O -examined O -, O -but O -also O -in O -P2 O -pellet O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -supported O -by O -the O -data O -on O -striatal O -homovanillic O -acid O -and O -whole O -brain O -4 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -3 O -- O -methoxyphenyl O -glycol O -whose O -concentrations O -were O -significantly O -lowered O -following O -a O -single O -injection O -of O -this O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -demonstrates O -that O -bromazepam O -elicits O -its O -tranquilizing O -action O -by O -lowering O -the O -release O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -brain O -; O -however O -, O -its O -anti O -- O -anxiety O -action O -might O -be O -associated O -with O -a O -reduction O -in O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -turn O -over O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -nicotinic O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -mammalian O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -by O -rat O -brain O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -Concomitant O -elevation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -by O -cyclic O -AMP O -in O -cultured O -mouse O -neuroblastoma O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -new O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agents O -carrying O -tyramine O -as O -the O -amino B-Chemical -moiety O -were O -synthesized O -and O -the O -distribution O -of O -their O -I O -- O -125 O -- O -tagged O -derivatives O -evaluated O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -study O -of O -oesophageal O -motility O -in O -20 O -patients O -with O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -, O -intravenous O -atropine B-Chemical -produced O -marked O -disruption O -of O -co O -- O -ordination O -in O -response O -to O -swallows O -, O -when O -compared O -with O -control O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -for O -enzymatic O -activity O -was O -found O -to O -be O -6 O -. O -0 O -, O -and O -the O -apparent O -Km O -for O -trehalose O -was O -estimated O -to O -be O -2 O -. O -1 O -x O -10 O -- O -4 O -M O -. O -The O -product O -of O -the O -reaction O -was O -identified O -as O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -by O -chemical O -, O -chromatographic O -and O -enzymatic O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -Benzalkonium O -chloride B-Chemical -and O -chlorhexidine O -gluconate O -show O -typical O -high O -affinity O -type O -isotherms O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -- O -parameter O -equations O -using O -1chi O -also O -good O -correlation O -with O -log O -Rt O -for O -three O -series O -of O -drug O -molecules O -, O -amphetamines B-Chemical -, O -barbiturates O -and O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -character O -of O -the O -antagonism O -by O -polyphloretin O -phosphate B-Chemical -of O -contractions O -to O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -E1 O -and O -F O -2alpha O -in O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -PPP O -( O -100 O -microgram O -ml O -- O -1 O -) O -after O -a O -2 O -min O -contact O -with O -the O -ileum O -decreased O -the O -contractile O -effects O -of O -PGE1 B-Chemical -0 O -. O -1 O -micron O -by O -40 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -. O -4 O -% O -, O -of O -PGE1 B-Chemical -0 O -. O -01 O -micron O -by O -86 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -3 O -% O -and O -of O -PGE2alpha O -0 O -. O -1 O -micron O -by O -62 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -. O -6 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -contact O -was O -longer O -, O -PPP O -showed O -a O -pronounced O -after O -- O -effect O -in O -respect O -to O -the O -effects O -of O -PGE1 B-Chemical -and O -particularly O -of O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -on O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileum O -PPP O -acts O -as O -a O -non O -- O -competitive O -antagonist O -of O -PGE1 B-Chemical -and O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -was O -made O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -nomifensine B-Chemical -, O -4 O -' O -- O -hydroxynomifensine O -and O -3 O -' O -, O -4 O -' O -- O -dihydroxynomifensine O -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -rat O -striatum O -and O -nucleus O -accumbens O -, O -using O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -of O -3 O -' O -, O -4 O -' O -- O -dihydroxynomifensine O -were O -blocked O -by O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -methysergide B-Chemical -on O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -changes O -in O -regional O -distribution O -of O -blood O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -or O -methysergide B-Chemical -injections O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -, O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -caused O -a O -substantial O -increase O -in O -gastric O -and O -a O -moderate O -increase O -in O -cerebral O -and O -myocardial O -blood O -flow O -at O -the O -expense O -of O -that O -to O -the O -lungs O -( O -arteriovenous O -shunt O -+ O -bronchial O -flows O -) O -, O -kidneys O -and O -skin O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -a O -large O -number O -of O -15 O -micron O -microspheres O -can O -escape O -through O -the O -arteriovenous O -anastomoses O -to O -lodge O -in O -the O -lungs O -it O -seems O -likely O -that O -both O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -methysergide B-Chemical -can O -reduce O -the O -' O -non O -- O -nutrient O -' O -flow O -through O -these O -anastomoses O -. O - -aps B-category -study O -of O -the O -initial O -stages O -of O -dextrose B-Chemical -decomposition O -in O -neutral O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -on O -the O -isolated O -parasympathetically O -- O -innervated O -oesophagus O -of O -the O -domestic O -fowl O -chick O -. O - -aps B-category -Enhancement O -of O -the O -abdominal O -constriction O -response O -of O -mice O -to O -lipopolysaccharides O -by O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -analogues O -on O -rat O -carrageenan B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -paw O -oedema O -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -, O -7 O -- O -Dihydroxy O -- O -2 O -- O -dimethylaminotetralin O -( O -TL O -- O -99 O -) O -, O -the O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -dihydroxy O -isomer O -( O -M O -- O -7 O -) O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -were O -studied O -for O -cardiovascular O -activity O -in O -the O -cat O -and O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Whether O -these O -compounds O -were O -activating O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -or O -alpha O -adrenergic O -receptors O -is O -not O -entirely O -clear O -from O -this O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -the O -dosage O -or O -duration O -of O -treatment O -on O -the O -incidence O -and O -severity O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -withdrawal O -responses O -was O -examined O -in O -normotensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -overshoots O -in O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -, O -reaching O -peak O -values O -16 O -to O -26 O -hr O -after O -the O -last O -injection O -, O -occurred O -in O -all O -clonidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -, O -but O -in O -no O -control O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -showed O -a O -significantly O -greater O -elevation O -during O -withdrawal O -of O -the O -high O -dose O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -the O -dosage O -nor O -the O -duration O -of O -treatment O -could O -be O -shown O -to O -determine O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -response O -to O -withdrawal O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Response O -of O -the O -Bohr O -group O -salt B-Chemical -bridges O -to O -ligation O -of O -the O -T O -state O -of O -haemoglobin O -Kansas O -. O - -aps B-category -Body O -temperature O -reduction O -of O -pertussis B-Chemical -vaccine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitized I-Chemical -mice O -following O -histamine B-Chemical -challenge O -and O -a O -new O -sensitive O -assay O -method O -for O -HSF O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -administration O -and O -dosage O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -as O -premedication O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -effect O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -on O -circulation O -in O -coronary O -surgical O -patients O -after O -anesthesia O -induction O -and O -during O -extracorporeal O -circulation O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Administration O -and O -dosage O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -analgesics O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Clinical O -experience O -with O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -combination O -anesthesia O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Administration O -and O -dosage O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -in O -intensive O -medicine O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -effect O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -on O -behavior O -and O -psyche O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -pharmacokinetics O -and O -metabolism O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -effect O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -and O -lormetazepam O -on O -blood O -gas O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -: O -not O -a O -sensitive O -indicator O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -diffusion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -changes O -were O -more O -marked O -after O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -which O -also O -significantly O -reduced O -paradoxical O -sleep O -( O -PS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -serotonin B-Chemical -sensitive O -guanylate O -cyclase O -associated O -with O -specific O -neurotransmitter O -binding O -sites O -on O -isolated O -synaptic O -membranes O -from O -mature O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -pH O -on O -the O -interaction O -of O -cardiotonic O -steroids B-Chemical -with O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -potasssium O -- O -dependent O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -azoreductase O -by O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -anions O -on O -inhibition O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -by O -pyruvate B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anions O -abolished O -the O -inhibition O -of O -LDH O -at O -high O -pyruvate B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dissociation O -constants O -for O -anions O -obtained O -from O -these O -data O -are O -in O -good O -correlation O -with O -the O -constants O -obtained O -for O -the O -pyruvate B-Chemical -reduction O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -differences O -in O -the O -degree O -of O -inhibition O -obtained O -previously O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -imidazole O -and O -tris O -- O -buffer O -systems O -can O -be O -explained O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -Cl O -- O -anions O -in O -the O -last O -two O -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -the O -hydroxy O -- O -form O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -does O -not O -cause O -the O -inhibition O -of O -LDH O -. O - -aps B-category -Messenger O -RNA O -( O -mRNA O -) O -capable O -of O -coding O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -induced O -isoenzyme O -of O -tyrosineaminotransferase O -( O -TAT O -) O -was O -isolated O -and O -purified O -approximately O -5000 O -times O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Methods O -and O -problems O -of O -investigation O -of O -psychopharmacological O -effect O -illustrated O -by O -the O -comparison O -of O -a O -novel O -pyridylbenzodiazepine O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -free O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -in O -erythrocytes O -from O -patients O -with O -5 O -- O -oxoprolinuria O -( O -glutathione B-Chemical -synthetase O -deficiency O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -apparent O -molecular O -weight O -estimated O -by O -centrifugation O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -with O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -amounts O -to O -108 O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -best O -substrate O -for O -the O -hepatoma O -enzyme O -is O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -on O -the O -shape O -of O -the O -contraction O -curve O -and O -on O -the O -cyclic B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -( O -c O -- O -AMP O -) O -content O -were O -studied O -in O -electrically O -driven O -( O -frequency O -0 O -. O -2 O -Hz O -) O -cat O -papillary O -muscles O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylephrine B-Chemical -increased O -the O -force O -of O -contraction O -in O -a O -concentration O -- O -dependent O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -positive O -inotropic O -effect O -( O -PIE O -) O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -was O -antagonized O -by O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -PIE O -of O -30 O -micron O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -occurred O -without O -any O -detectable O -increase O -in O -the O -c O -- O -AMP O -levels O -of O -the O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -PIE O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -was O -accompanied O -by O -significant O -, O -concentration O -- O -dependent O -increases O -in O -both O -time O -to O -peak O -force O -and O -relaxation O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypothalamus O -acid O -proteinase O -was O -partially O -inhibited O -by O -beta O -- O -phenyl O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -or O -benzethonium O -Cl O -, O -and O -was O -completely O -inhibited O -by O -low O -concentrations O -of O -pepstatin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -, O -properties O -, O -and O -developmental O -pattern O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -sulfinate O -transaminase O -( O -CSA O -- O -T O -) O -were O -studied O -in O -chick O -retina O -and O -compared O -with O -the O -activity O -, O -properties O -, O -and O -developmental O -pattern O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -transaminase O -( O -GOT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -two O -different O -enzymes O -are O -responsible O -for O -the O -transamination O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -sulfinate O -( O -CSA O -) O -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Alcohol O -inhibits O -the O -release O -of O -endogenous O -oxytocin B-Chemical -and O -has O -an O -additional O -direct O -effect O -on O -the O -myometrium O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoxsuprine O -, O -ritodrine B-Chemical -, O -and O -terbutaline B-Chemical -have O -also O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -better O -than O -placebo O -in O -the O -inhibition O -of O -premature O -labor O -, O -and O -the O -beta O -adrenergic O -agents O -appear O -to O -be O -more O -effective O -than O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -seven O -p O -. O -cent O -of O -the O -strains O -were O -found O -resistant O -to O -tetracycline B-Chemical -, O -and O -4 O -, O -2 O -% O -were O -resistant O -to O -tetracycline B-Chemical -and O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -minimal O -inhibitory O -concentrations O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -, O -cephalotin O -, O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -, O -tetracycline B-Chemical -, O -minocycline B-Chemical -and O -erythromycin B-Chemical -were O -determined O -by O -the O -agar O -dilution O -method O -on O -80 O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -strains O -were O -less O -susceptible O -to O -minocycline B-Chemical -when O -tested O -in O -vitro O -and O -they O -were O -clinically O -resistant O -. O - -aps B-category -Increases O -of O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -- O -related O -enzymes O -in O -kidneys O -of O -developing O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphodiesterase O -activity O -for O -cGMP B-Chemical -was O -7488 O -+ O -/ O -- O -831 O -pmol O -cGMP B-Chemical -/ O -mg O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -the O -mode O -of O -stimulation O -by O -external O -acidification O -and O -raising O -the O -internal O -free O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -efflux O -in O -barnacle O -muscle O -fibers O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -benzolamide O -on O -luminal B-Chemical -pH O -in O -proximal O -convoluted O -tubules O -of O -the O -rat O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -luminal B-Chemical -pH O -decreased O -in O -late O -proximal O -tubules O -, O -when O -benzolamide O -was O -microinfused O -into O -the O -same O -nephron O -segment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -of O -luminal B-Chemical -pH O -in O -late O -proximal O -tubules O -may O -be O -attributed O -to O -several O -factors O -including O -increased O -delivery O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -impaired O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -exit O -at O -the O -antiluminal O -membrane O -and O -decreased O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -formation O -in O -the O -tubular O -cell O -due O -to O -inhibition O -of O -cellular O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -liver O -microsomal O -and O -lysosomal O -beta O -- O -glucuronidases O -differ O -in O -both O -carbohydrate O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -compositions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -microsomal O -enzyme O -contained O -much O -more O -mannose O -and O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -lysosomal O -enzyme O -, O -contained O -sialic O -acid O -but O -no O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Demonstration O -of O -high O -- O -affinity O -folate B-Chemical -binding O -activity O -associated O -with O -the O -brush O -border O -membranes O -of O -rat O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -an O -enriched O -preparation O -of O -brush O -border O -membranes O -, O -freed O -of O -endogenous O -folate B-Chemical -by O -acid O -treatment O -, O -the O -binding O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -olate O -was O -found O -to O -be O -saturable O -( O -Kb O -= O -4 O -. O -2 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -11 O -) O -M O -) O -and O -rapid O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -alkaline O -pH O -, O -N5 O -- O -methyltetrahydrofolate O -was O -as O -effective O -a O -competitor O -as O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Allosteric O -regulation O -of O -monocyclic O -interconvertible O -enzyme O -cascade O -systems O -: O -use O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -as O -an O -experimental O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -are O -multifunctional O -effectors O -and O -because O -three O -active O -enzyme O -complexes O -are O -involved O -in O -both O -adenylylation O -and O -deadenylylation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -, O -at O -least O -28 O -constants O -are O -required O -to O -describe O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -monocyclic O -cascade O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -mM O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -2 O -mM O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -, O -the O -value O -of O -n O -increases O -as O -a O -nearly O -hyperbolic O -function O -in O -response O -to O -increasing O -mole O -fractions O -of O -P O -( O -IIA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -because O -glutamine B-Chemical -activates O -the O -adenylylation O -and O -inhibits O -the O -deadenylylation O -reaction O -, O -a O -sensitivity O -index O -of O -2 O -. O -1 O -( O -corresponding O -to O -a O -Hill O -number O -of O -1 O -. O -5 O -) O -was O -obtained O -for O -the O -variation O -of O -n O -values O -in O -response O -to O -increasing O -glutamine B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thermodynamic O -parameters O -, O -deltaG O -, O -deltaH O -, O -and O -deltaS O -characterizing O -the O -tight O -binding O -of O -methotrexate B-Chemical -, O -folates O -, O -and O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -to O -chicken O -liver O -dihydrofolate O -reductase O -( O -5 O -, O -6 O -, O -7 O -, O -8 O -- O -tetrahydrofolate O -: O -NADP O -+ O -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -5 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -) O -have O -been O -determined O -from O -calorimetric O -and O -fluorescence O -measurements O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -enthalpy O -of O -methotrexate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -enzyme I-Chemical -interaction O -demonstrates O -a O -proton O -transfer O -associated O -with O -binding O -; O -this O -is O -not O -the O -case O -with O -folate B-Chemical -and O -dihydrofolate O -, O -thus O -confirming O -the O -conclusions O -drawn O -from O -the O -observed O -difference O -spectra O -characteristic O -of O -the O -interaction O -of O -methotrexate B-Chemical -and O -substrates O -with O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Exposure O -of O -the O -cells O -to O -various O -weak O -bases O -and O -to O -acidic O -potassium B-Chemical -ionophores O -causes O -the O -pH O -to O -increase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -structure O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Here O -we O -present O -evidence O -that O -presynaptic O -facilitation O -results O -from O -a O -cyclic O -AMP O -- O -dependent O -increase O -in O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -current O -that O -underlies O -action O -potentials O -in O -the O -sensory O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -these O -conditions O -, O -the O -action O -potentials O -show O -a O -slowly O -repolarizing O -plateau O -that O -follows O -the O -Nernst O -potential O -for O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -electrode O -and O -serves O -as O -a O -sensitive O -assay O -for O -changes O -in O -calcium B-Chemical -current O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -are O -consistent O -with O -the O -idea O -that O -presynaptic O -facilitation O -is O -caused O -by O -a O -cyclic O -AMP O -- O -mediated O -increase O -in O -a O -voltage O -- O -sensitive O -calcium B-Chemical -current O -in O -sensory O -neuron O -presynaptic O -terminals O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrolysis O -of O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -in O -strongly O -acid O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydrolysis O -under O -such O -hard O -conditions O -affects O -the O -side O -chain O -in O -3 O -- O -position O -, O -in O -some O -cases O -the O -C O -- O -- O -N O -bond O -in O -the O -amido O -group O -in O -7 O -- O -position O -, O -and O -leads O -to O -a O -total O -cleavage O -of O -the O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -ring O -, O -giving O -thiazine O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effectiveness O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -and O -anticholinergics O -administered O -alone O -or O -in O -combination O -in O -preventing O -restraint O -- O -immersion O -and O -forced O -exertion O -- O -induced O -gastric O -mucosal O -erosion O -was O -investigated O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administratio O -of O -a O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -with O -an O -anticholinergic O -resulted O -in O -additive O -or O -supra O -- O -additive O -protective O -effects O -in O -both O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -ratios O -of O -4 O -. O -6 O -or O -1 O -. O -5 O -parts O -of O -propantheline O -bromide B-Chemical -to O -1 O -part O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -an O -additive O -effect O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -co O -- O -administration O -of O -chlordiazepoxide O -HCI O -and O -clidinium O -bromide B-Chemical -in O -ratios O -of O -2 O -to O -1 O -or O -2 O -. O -5 O -to O -1 O -resulted O -in O -supra O -- O -additive O -effects O -of O -2 O -. O -4 O -- O -and O -1 O -. O -85 O -- O -fold O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -co O -- O -administration O -of O -2 O -parts O -of O -chlordiazepoxide O -HCI O -and O -1 O -part O -of O -clidinium O -bromide B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -a O -2 O -. O -84 O -- O -fold O -supra O -- O -additive O -effect O -in O -the O -forced O -exertion O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -TD O -is O -discussed O -as O -well O -as O -other O -possible O -etiological O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -7 O -- O -chloro O -- O -5 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -fluorophenyl O -) O -- O -1 O -- O -methyl O -- O -1 O -H O -, O -1 O -. O -4 O -- O -benzodiazepin O -- O -2 O -( O -3H O -) O -- O -one O -( O -ID O -- O -540 O -) O -, O -a O -recently O -introduced O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivative O -, O -on O -the O -averaged O -photopalpebral O -reflex O -( O -PPR O -) O -, O -subjective O -symptoms O -, O -and O -serum O -levels O -of O -ID O -- O -540 O -and O -its O -principal O -metabolite O -, O -N O -- O -desmethyl O -- O -ID O -- O -540 O -, O -following O -an O -oral O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -or O -placebo O -were O -investigated O -in O -six O -male O -Japanese O -students O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -crossover O -design O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -to O -exert O -internal O -stimulus O -control O -of O -behavior O -was O -investigated O -by O -training O -rats O -to O -discriminate O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -cocaine B-Chemical -from O -saline O -in O -a O -discrete O -- O -trial O -, O -two O -- O -lever O -, O -food O -- O -reward O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -support O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -cocaine B-Chemical -, O -a O -prototype O -of O -drugs O -inducing O -a O -psychotic O -condition O -in O -humans O -, O -can O -act O -as O -a O -powerful O -internal O -stimulus O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -d O -, O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Amphetamine I-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -induced O -stimulus O -generalization O -with O -cocaine B-Chemical -, O -and O -this O -generalization O -was O -blocked O -by O -dosages O -of O -the O -same O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -comparable O -to O -those O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -antagonism O -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -brain O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -: O -effects O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -levels O -in O -the O -pons O -- O -medulla O -, O -mid O -- O -brain O -and O -the O -striatum O -increased O -significantly O -during O -the O -12 O -- O -day O -exposure O -to O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Intraventricular O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -treatment O -to O -newborn O -rats O -produced O -a O -marked O -reduction O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -most O -brain O -regions O -at O -maturity O -which O -correlated O -moderately O -well O -with O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -much O -better O -correlation O -between O -NE O -levels O -and O -the O -particulate O -form O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -which O -has O -been O -suggested O -to O -be O -the O -more O -functionally O -active O -form O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Female O -mice O -which O -received O -chlordiazepoxide O -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -oxazepam B-Chemical -, O -prazepam O -, O -flurazepam B-Chemical -, O -or O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -prenatally O -and O -postnatally O -had O -delays O -in O -the O -age O -of O -vaginal O -perforation O -and O -first O -estrus O -concomitant O -with O -reduced O -postnatal O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -Ferret O -trachea O -and O -bronchus O -contract O -to O -carbachol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -greater O -than O -bradykinin B-Chemical -( O -BK O -) O -greater O -than O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -greater O -than O -histamine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -2 O -- O -methylhistamine O -( O -2 O -- O -MeH O -: O -a O -specific O -H1 O -- O -receptor O -agonist O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Ferret O -trachea O -and O -bronchus O -and O -rat O -trachea O -( O -which O -were O -partially O -contracted O -to O -carbachol B-Chemical -) O -relax O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -PGE1 B-Chemical -greater O -than O -E2 O -greater O -than O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -histamine I-Chemical -( O -4 O -- O -MeH O -: O -a O -specific O -H2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -histamine I-Chemical -receptor O -agonist O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -contractions O -of O -ferret O -airways O -to O -2 O -- O -MeH O -coupled O -with O -the O -antagonism O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contractions O -by O -mepyramine O -showed O -the O -presence O -of O -H1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -histamine I-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -trachea O -and O -bronchus O -of O -ferret O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -appear O -to O -suggest O -the O -existence O -of O -an O -atypical O -histamine B-Chemical -receptor O -subtype O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heart O -production O -in O -energy O -- O -depleted O -human O -erythrocytes O -induced O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -inosine O -and O -adenine O -. O - -aps B-category -Inosine O -induced O -a O -significantly O -higher O -HP O -than O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -adenine O -induced O -no O -significant O -HP O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -isolates O -of O -B O -. O -fragilis O -show O -resistance O -to O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -NIOM O -- O -- O -news O -, O -study O -of O -the O -content O -of O -Cd O -and O -Ni O -in O -dental O -gold B-Chemical -alloys O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -venom O -gland O -extract O -of O -the O -black O -widow O -spider O -on O -rat O -brain O -and O -heart O -levels O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -NADP O -- O -dependent O -glycerol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -was O -studied O -in O -sketetal O -muscles O -of O -the O -rat O -, O -rabbit O -and O -frog O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Study O -of O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ion I-Chemical -concentration O -of O -human O -aqueous O -humor O -in O -glaucoma O -and O -cataract O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -an O -interferon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -ribonucleolytic O -activity O -from O -mouse O -L929 O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Tests O -conducted O -on O -dogs O -with O -a O -fistula O -of O -the O -pancreatic O -duct O -evidenced O -that O -various O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -mixtures O -containing O -all O -the O -essential O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -differing O -mainly O -in O -the O -replaceable O -nitrogen B-Chemical -dissimilarly O -act O -on O -the O -external O -secretion O -of O -the O -pancreas O -after O -their O -introduction O -into O -the O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -same O -time O -, O -the O -action O -of O -all O -the O -studied O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -mixtures O -is O -less O -pronounced O -than O -is O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -caseine O -hydrolysate O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenobarbital B-Chemical -increases O -spontaneous O -transmitter O -release O -at O -the O -frog O -neuromuscular O -junction O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -was O -seen O -in O -calcium B-Chemical -free O -media O -containing O -EGTA O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -article O -shall O -be O -referred O -to O -a O -special O -form O -of O -reaction O -of O -the O -ST O -- O -T O -- O -complexes O -in O -the O -propranolol B-Chemical -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -tripolyphosphate O -and O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -on O -the O -shelf O -life O -of O -thornback O -ray O -( O -Raja O -clavata O -L O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -dips O -( O -5 O -min O -in O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -solution O -) O -a O -3 O -day O -extension O -of O -storage O -life O -was O -obtained O -but O -the O -treatment O -had O -a O -slight O -bleaching O -effect O -and O -caused O -weight O -losses O -of O -about O -5 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Contents O -of O -total O -bromine O -can O -only O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -deduction O -that O -a O -chronical O -abuse O -of O -bromureides O -is O -existent O -or O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -benorylate O -and O -indomethacin B-Chemical -was O -compared O -in O -patients O -suffering O -from O -cervical O -spine O -syndromes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -two O -patients O -treatment O -with O -indomethacin B-Chemical -was O -discontinued O -because O -of O -severe O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Attempts O -were O -made O -for O -using O -industrial O -and O -agricultural O -by O -- O -products O -and O -wastes O -as O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -sources O -in O -fermentation O -medium O -for O -alpha O -- O -amylase O -production O -by O -Aspergillus O -niger O -NRRL O -- O -337 O -. O - -aps B-category -Rice O -bran O -proved O -to O -be O -the O -best O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -that O -secured O -the O -highest O -amylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -consideration O -of O -these O -results O -an O -economical O -medium O -that O -secured O -high O -activity O -, O -containing O -the O -following O -ingredients O -, O -was O -suggested O -: O -2 O -. O -5 O -% O -corn O -steep O -precipitate O -, O -7 O -. O -2 O -% O -rice O -bran O -, O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -MgSO4 O -, O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -KH2PO4 O -, O -and O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -CaCO3 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -the O -mediocortical O -amygdala O -on O -the O -maturation O -of O -the O -positive O -estrogen B-Chemical -feedback O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -author O -studied O -the O -influence O -on O -the O -adaptation O -of O -the O -nervous O -tissue O -explantations O -from O -25 O -fetuses O -of O -schizophrenic O -mothers O -and O -a O -similar O -amount O -of O -fetuses O -from O -normal O -women O -( O -embryonal O -development O -- O -- O -7 O -- O -12 O -weeks O -) O -during O -the O -initial O -period O -of O -explantation O -in O -vitro O -( O -5 O -- O -6 O -days O -) O -with O -10 O -psychopharmacological O -preparations O -( O -aminasine O -, O -majeptile O -, O -stelasine O -, O -triphtasine O -, O -tesercin O -, O -theralen O -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -eglonyl O -, O -mellipramin O -, O -seduxen O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -the O -concentrations O -of O -ATP O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -and O -fructose O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -are O -lower O -, O -and O -the O -concentrations O -of O -ADP O -, O -AMP O -, O -fructose O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -bisphosphate O -, O -triose O -phosphates O -, O -phosphoglycerates O -, O -and O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -are O -higher O -than O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyruvate O -kinase O -and O -glyceraldehyde O -phosphate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -do O -not O -significantly O -affect O -the O -rate O -of O -the O -overall O -glycolytic O -flux O -in O -ascites O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -present O -the O -central O -haemodynamic O -data O -obtained O -during O -halothane B-Chemical -/ O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -anaesthesia O -in O -a O -patient O -under O -antihypertensive O -treatment O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -who O -underwent O -surgery O -for O -intracranial O -aneurysms O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -contrary O -, O -with O -isolated O -bundle O -sheath O -cells O -no O -increase O -with O -light O -or O -with O -the O -addition O -of O -malate B-Chemical -could O -be O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -- O -Based O -on O -these O -observations O -, O -a O -simple O -method O -for O -estimating O -HCO3 O -- O -needs O -in O -severe O -metabolic O -acidosis O -is O -proposed O -, O -requiring O -only O -the O -initial O -excess O -buffer O -base O -space O -which O -is O -calculated O -from O -body O -weight O -and O -blood O -buffer O -base O -excess O -values O -obtained O -before O -and O -after O -a O -first O -dose O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Yet O -, O -on O -the O -same O -basis O -, O -it O -was O -less O -powerful O -than O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -or O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -or O -phentolamine B-Chemical -shifted O -the O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -to O -the O -left O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -ethylephrine O -: O -a O -) O -is O -a O -direct O -- O -acting O -sympathomimetic O -amine B-Chemical -; O -b O -) O -it O -brings O -beta O -- O -receptor O -stimulation O -; O -c O -) O -a O -certain O -degree O -of O -alpha O -- O -receptor O -decelerating O -effect O -is O -also O -involved O -; O -d O -) O -it O -is O -a O -good O -substrate O -of O -monoaminoxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lack O -of O -any O -rotational O -behaviour O -in O -unilaterally O -dopamine B-Chemical -lesioned O -animals O -after O -ipecacuana O -or O -emetine O -is O -a O -strong O -indication O -that O -these O -substances O -lack O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -stimulating O -properties O -when O -administered O -systematically O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -reasoning O -would O -also O -exclude O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -chemo O -- O -trigger O -zone O -as O -responsible O -for O -the O -emetic O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Morphine B-Chemical -receptors O -and O -their O -ligands O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Recent O -data O -on O -the O -mode O -of O -action O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Structural O -requirements O -of O -imidazole O -compounds O -to O -be O -inhibitors O -or O -activators O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -methyltransferase O -: O -investigation O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -analogues O -and O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -with O -acute O -Kala O -Azar O -were O -studied O -with O -DF32P O -( O -diisopropylfluorophosphate B-Chemical -) O -and O -three O -patients O -with O -51Cr O -( O -chromate O -) O -in O -an O -attempt O -to O -delineate O -the O -mechanism O -producing O -neutropenia O -in O -this O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyperglycemia O -and O -impaired O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -are O -well O -known O -phenomena O -occurring O -in O -patients O -with O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -some O -evidence O -of O -reduced O -peripheral O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -on O -the O -one O -hand O -and O -increased O -hepatic O -glucose B-Chemical -output O -- O -- O -probably O -by O -stimulation O -of O -gluconeogenesis O -- O -- O -on O -the O -other O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -for O -the O -individual O -hormones O -no O -equivocal O -correlation O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -intolerance O -has O -been O -proved O -, O -the O -interaction O -of O -all O -of O -them O -may O -result O -in O -a O -preponderance O -of O -insulin O -antagonism O -thus O -leading O -to O -an O -apparent O -insulin O -resistance O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -blood O -concentrations O -of O -ketone B-Chemical -bodies O -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -citrate B-Chemical -, O -and O -oxoglutarate O -were O -measured O -in O -normal O -and O -in O -nephrectomized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -citrate B-Chemical -level O -rose O -rapidly O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -in O -metabolic O -alkalosis O -the O -kidneys O -are O -not O -able O -to O -utilize O -ketone B-Chemical -bodies O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -reaction O -is O -described O -in O -erythrocytes O -of O -rat O -and O -of O -man O -whereby O -O O -- O -methylated O -metabolites O -of O -the O -catecholamines B-Chemical -are O -demethylated O -to O -the O -corresponding O -catechols O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -the O -lack O -of O -unambiguous O -proof O -, O -the O -wealth O -of O -indirect O -evidence O -suggests O -that O -the O -cause O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -absorption O -is O -H O -+ O -secretion O -into O -the O -lumen O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemodynamic O -functions O -and O -blood O -viscosity O -changes O -in O -hypothermia O -( O -core O -approximately O -25 O -degrees O -C O -) O -were O -studied O -in O -14 O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anesthetized I-Chemical -dogs O -subjected O -to O -surface O -cooling O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentrations O -of O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -were O -measured O -in O -the O -blood O -, O -liver O -, O -lung O -and O -kidney O -of O -the O -mouse O -after O -anesthesia O -with O -enflurane B-Chemical -, O -fluroxene O -, O -halothane B-Chemical -, O -isoflurane B-Chemical -, O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -, O -or O -trichloroethylene O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -two O -hours O -of O -fluroxene O -anesthesia O -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -in O -liver O -, O -lung O -, O -kidney O -, O -and O -blood O -was O -depleted O -by O -93 O -, O -85 O -, O -85 O -, O -and O -61 O -per O -cent O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -blood O -of O -rhesus O -monkeys O -anesthetized O -with O -fluroxene O -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -was O -depleted O -by O -only O -13 O -per O -cent O -. O - -aps B-category -Servocontrol O -of O -mechanical O -ventilation O -using O -systemic O -arterial O -blood O -pH O -, O -measured O -by O -a O -dual O -- O -function O -pH O -/ O -PCO2 O -intra O -- O -arterial O -sensor O -, O -as O -the O -controlled O -variable O -uas O -carried O -out O -in O -30 O -dogs O -anesthetized O -with O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -, O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -dose O -- O -and O -- O -time O -related O -- O -effect O -of O -oral O -phenyltoloxamine O -citrate B-Chemical -, O -a O -Class O -I O -, O -H1 O -antihistamine O -compound O -, O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -against O -allergen O -- O -induced O -wheal O -- O -and O -- O -erythema O -skin O -reactions O -among O -10 O -adults O -with O -a O -diagnosis O -of O -allergic O -rhinitis O -and O -seasonal O -pollinosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholestatic O -jaundice O -associated O -with O -flurazepam B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -About O -a O -10 O -- O -fold O -variation O -was O -found O -during O -the O -first O -6 O -hours O -after O -the O -drug O -in O -individual O -serum O -medazepam O -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -and O -N O -- O -desmethyldiazepam O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -efficacy O -was O -evaluated O -using O -subjective O -assessments O -of O -attack O -rate O -and O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -consumption O -as O -well O -as O -objective O -assessments O -of O -exercise O -tolerance O -on O -a O -bicycle O -ergometer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -responsible O -for O -resistance O -, O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -, O -was O -produced O -constitutively O -by O -these O -strains O -; O -the O -specific O -activity O -was O -10 O -- O -fold O -lower O -than O -that O -of O -the O -E O -. O -coli O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -K O -( O -m O -) O -for O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -was O -5 O -. O -2 O -muM O -, O -and O -the O -enzyme O -was O -sensitive O -to O -inhibition O -by O -5 O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -dithiobis O -- O -2 O -- O -nitrobenzoic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Partial O -reversal O -of O -cytotoxicity O -in O -HEp O -- O -2 O -cells O -was O -achieved O -with O -orotidine O -, O -uridine B-Chemical -, O -deoxythymidine O -, O -or O -deoxycytidine O -, O -whereas O -complete O -reversal O -of O -cytotoxic O -effects O -was O -achieved O -with O -simultaneous O -addition O -of O -deoxythymidine O -, O -deoxycytidine O -, O -and O -uridine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -these O -observations O -, O -the O -metabolic O -block O -induced O -by O -5 O -- O -COOH O -- O -2 O -' O -- O -dUrd O -has O -been O -localized O -to O -the O -de O -novo O -pyrimidine O -biosynthetic O -pathway O -between O -orotate O -phosphoribosyl O -transferase O -and O -orotidine O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Piperacillin B-Chemical -: O -in O -vitro O -evaluation O -. O - -aps B-category -Piperacillin B-Chemical -failed O -to O -inhibit O -the O -growth O -of O -gram O -- O -negative O -bacilli O -when O -large O -inocula O -were O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Piperacillin B-Chemical -was O -generally O -less O -active O -than O -PC O -- O -904 O -against O -gram O -- O -negative O -bacilli O -, O -but O -was O -consistently O -more O -active O -than O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -and O -ticarcillin O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -unbound B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bilirubin I-Chemical -level O -and O -cerebellar O -bilirubin B-Chemical -content O -increased O -simultaneously O -with O -the O -drop O -in O -total O -plasma O -bilirubin B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -non O -- O -immunological O -techniques O -the O -evaluation O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -lactic O -dehydrogenase O -has O -been O -used O -by O -some O -Author O -for O -differentiating O -between O -bacterial O -and O -non O -bacterial O -meningitis O -, O -and O -the O -limulus O -test O -for O -detecting O -Gram O -- O -negative O -bacterial O -endotoxins O -with O -a O -high O -degree O -of O -sensitivity O -and O -specificity O -. O - -aps B-category -Amoxapine O -possesses O -a O -broad O -spectrum O -of O -psychotropic O -actions O -, O -including O -antidepressant B-Chemical -and O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -effects O -in O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -activity O -is O -demonstrated O -by O -the O -ability O -of O -amoxapine O -to O -decrease O -locomotor O -activity O -, O -induce O -ptosis O -and O -catalepsy O -, O -inhibit O -apomorphine B-Chemical -gnawing O -and O -amphetamine B-Chemical -stereotyped O -behavior O -and O -by O -characteristic O -changes O -in O -monkey O -discriminated O -avoidance O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -Deoxycytidine O -: O -a O -morphine B-Chemical -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -deoxycytidine O -does O -not O -precipitate O -the O -abstinence O -syndrome O -in O -dependent O -mice O -, O -a O -property O -shared O -by O -certain O -other O -endogenous O -morphine B-Chemical -antagonsits O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -requirement O -for O -deoxycytidine O -in O -countering O -the O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -parallels O -the O -requirement O -for O -certain O -other O -DNA O -pyrimidines O -in O -the O -antagonism O -of O -barbiturate B-Chemical -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -studies O -performed O -on O -slices O -of O -rat O -submaxillary O -gland O -to O -evaluate O -uptake O -and O -efflux O -of O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzylpenicillin I-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -, O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -showed O -that O -uptake O -of O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzylpenicillin I-Chemical -was O -not O -significantly O -altered O -by O -aeration O -with O -N2 O -, O -addition O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -CN O -- O -or O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -probenecid O -, O -or O -substitution O -of O -K2SO4 O -in O -place O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -in O -the O -KRT O -buffer O -to O -produce O -a O -depolarizing O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -the O -movement O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -salivary O -gland O -may O -occur O -by O -a O -two O -- O -step O -mechanism O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -passive O -exchange O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -into O -the O -gland O -dependent O -on O -the O -degree O -of O -dissociation O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -, O -and O -( O -2 O -) O -active O -excretion O -of O -the O -drug O -from O -the O -gland O -by O -a O -transport O -mechanism O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -the O -kidney O -densitive O -to O -probenecid O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -measurement O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -properties O -of O -ORF O -12592 O -, O -the O -5 O -- O -hydroxy O -analog O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -potency O -was O -slightly O -less O -than O -that O -of O -d O -, O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Concentration O -- O -binding O -inhibition O -curves O -indicated O -that O -ORF O -12592 O -is O -a O -non O -- O -selective O -beta O -- O -blocker O -with O -slightly O -less O -affinity O -for O -each O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -than O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pH I-Chemical -relationship O -in O -parapneumonic O -effusions O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -we O -measured O -simultaneous O -pleural O -fluid O -glucose B-Chemical -concentrations O -and O -pH O -in O -25 O -consecutive O -parapneumonic O -pleural O -fluids O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -correlation O -between O -pleural O -fluid O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -pH O -was O -found O -( O -r O -= O -. O -81 O -, O -P O -less O -than O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Uncomplicated O -effusions O -had O -glucose B-Chemical -concentrations O -greater O -than O -60 O -mg O -/ O -dl O -and O -a O -pleural O -fluid O -pH O -greater O -than O -7 O -. O -30 O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -would O -explain O -the O -usual O -resistance O -of O -atrial O -arrhythmias O -of O -vagal O -origin O -to O -digitalis B-Chemical -, O -beta O -blockers O -and O -quinidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -direct O -and O -specific O -effect O -was O -noted O -on O -the O -1st O -, O -adrenaline B-Chemical -aggregation O -wave O -, O -while O -the O -2nd O -wave O -( O -expression O -of O -ADP O -) O -induced O -aggregation O -did O -not O -appear O -to O -have O -been O -significantly O -altered O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactoperoxidase O -- O -catalysed O -iodine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -human O -saliva O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -xylazine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -on O -urine O -in O -cattle O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -first O -2 O -hours O -after O -xylazine B-Chemical -was O -given O -, O -urine O -output O -was O -greatly O -increased O -( O -relative O -to O -the O -control O -animals O -) O -, O -with O -the O -high O -dosage O -group O -having O -more O -output O -than O -the O -low O -dosage O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -characterization O -of O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -uptake O -of O -chromaffin O -granules O -of O -bovine O -adrenal O -medulla O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -of O -ATP O -has O -a O -flat O -pH O -optimum O -, O -whereas O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -uptake O -increases O -with O -more O -alkaline O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Mg O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -ions O -activate O -uptake O -of O -both O -catecholamine B-Chemical -and O -nucleotides O -, O -whereas O -EDTA O -and O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -inhibit O -these O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -NH O -( O -4 O -) O -( O -+ O -) O -ions O -and O -nigericin O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -KCl O -inhibit O -only O -catecholamine B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -as O -suggested O -by O -the O -effect O -of O -NH O -( O -4 O -) O -( O -+ O -) O -and O -nigericin O -, O -catecholamine B-Chemical -uptake O -apparently O -depends O -on O -the O -chemical O -part O -of O -this O -gradient O -, O -whereas O -the O -results O -for O -nucleotide B-Chemical -uptake O -are O -consistent O -with O -its O -dependence O -on O -the O -electrical O -component O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -exchangeable O -ions O -and O -pH O -on O -the O -efflux O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -from O -preloaded O -mitochondria O -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -for O -acetoacetate O -was O -0 O -. O -56 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -14 O -mM O -( O -n O -= O -5 O -) O -and O -that O -for O -lactate B-Chemical -12 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -3 O -mM O -( O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mechanism O -for O -transport O -is O -proposed O -that O -invokes O -a O -transition O -state O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -involving O -addition O -of O -an O -- O -SH O -group O -to O -the O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -physiological O -involvement O -of O -the O -carrier O -in O -ketone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -body I-Chemical -metabolism O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -transport O -in O -metabolizing O -mitochondria O -through O -changes O -in O -the O -transmembrane O -pH O -gradient O -induced O -by O -glucagon O -treatment O -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -change O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -pyruvate B-Chemical -carrier O -itself O -was O -apparent O -, O -but O -under O -metabolizing O -conditions O -, O -use O -of O -the O -inhibitor O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -transport O -, O -alpha O -- O -cyano O -- O -4 O -- O -hydroxycinnamate O -, O -demonstrated O -that O -pyruvate B-Chemical -transport O -limited O -the O -rate O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -matrix O -pH O -stimulates O -pyruvate B-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -depleted I-Chemical -and O -- O -repleted O -rat O -liver O -microsomal O -cholecalciferol O -25 O -- O -hydroxylase O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -of O -32pmol O -/ O -min O -per O -g O -of O -tissue O -were O -found O -for O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -latter O -results O -show O -that O -at O -normal O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -intake O -, O -rat O -liver O -cholecalciferol O -25 O -- O -hydroxylase O -is O -not O -feedback O -- O -inhibited O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -small O -group O -of O -glycosaminoglycuronans O -( O -chondroitin O -4 O -- O -and O -6 O -- O -sulphates O -and O -hyaluronate B-Chemical -) O -are O -oxidized O -50 O -- O -- O -100 O -times O -more O -slowly O -than O -three O -other O -glycosaminoglycuronans O -of O -similar O -composition O -, O -relevant O -monomers O -or O -three O -homopolyuronides O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -temperature O -on O -the O -postulated O -configuration O -is O -investigated O -through O -the O -Arrhenius O -plot O -of O -k2 O -, O -measured O -to O -hyaluronate B-Chemical -, O -chondroitin O -6 O -- O -sulphate O -and O -methyl O -4 O -- O -O O -- O -methyl O -- O -alpha O -- O -D O -- O -glucopyranoside O -. O - -aps B-category -Gamma O -- O -Glutamyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -reductase O -and O -1 O -- O -pyrroline O -- O -5 O -- O -carboxylate O -reductase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -5 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -have O -mol O -. O -wts O -. O - -aps B-category -Horse O -liver O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -specifically O -carboxymethylated O -on O -cysteine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -46 I-Chemical -( O -a O -ligand O -to O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -in O -the O -active O -site O -) O -or O -acetimidylated O -on O -25 O -of O -the O -30 O -lysine O -residues O -per O -subunit O -( O -including O -residue O -228 O -) O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Native O -enzyme O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -30mM O -- O -imidazole O -, O -which O -displaces O -a O -water O -molecule O -ligated O -to O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -, O -also O -had O -a O -pKa O -of O -9 O -. O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -binding O -of O -NAD O -+ O -, O -the O -modified O -enzymes O -apparently O -change O -conformation O -less O -readily O -than O -does O -native O -enzyme O -, O -but O -binding O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -can O -drive O -the O -change O -to O -completion O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -and O -mechanism O -of O -the O -rat O -brain O -phenol B-Chemical -sulphotransferase O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -partially O -purified O -enzyme O -is O -stable O -for O -at O -least O -1 O -week O -when O -stored O -at O -4 O -degrees O -C O -. O -It O -is O -, O -however O -, O -additionally O -activated O -( O -10 O -- O -- O -20 O -% O -) O -and O -stabilized O -by O -1 O -mM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dithiothreitol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sulphate O -donor O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -sulphatophosphate O -is O -the O -first O -substrate O -that O -adds O -to O -the O -enzyme O -, O -and O -the O -sulphate O -acceptor O -is O -the O -second O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Inactivation O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -from O -Bacillus O -megaterium O -by O -phenylglyoxal O -, O -butane O -- O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -dione O -and O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -NADPH B-Chemical -alone O -or O -together O -with O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -provided O -substantial O -protection O -from O -inactivation O -by O -phenylglyoxal O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -1mM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NADPH I-Chemical -decreased O -incorporation O -by O -0 O -. O -7mol O -. O - -aps B-category -Complete O -inactivation O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -by O -butane O -- O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -dione O -was O -estimated O -by O -extrapolation O -to O -result O -from O -the O -loss O -of O -3 O -of O -the O -19 O -arginine O -residues O -/ O -subunit O -. O - -aps B-category -Butane O -- O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -dione O -had O -only O -a O -slight O -inactivating O -effect O -on O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymes O -were O -inactivated O -by O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -this O -inactivation O -increased O -3 O -- O -- O -4 O -- O -fold O -in O -the O -borate O -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -matrix O -- O -bound O -dimer O -and O -monomer O -derivatives O -of O -immobilized O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -from O -rabbit O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rates O -of O -reaction O -of O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -of O -the O -matrix O -- O -bound O -derivatives O -with O -iodoacetamide O -in O -the O -absence O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -combinations O -of O -substrates O -were O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -the O -soluble O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -immunochemical O -characterization O -of O -malate B-Chemical -synthase O -from O -Euglena O -gracilis O -. O - -aps B-category -Euglena O -anti O -- O -( O -malate B-Chemical -synthase O -) O -tested O -on O -Ouchterlony O -double O -- O -diffusion O -gels O -gave O -a O -sharp O -precipitation O -band O -against O -acetate O -- O -grown O -Escherichia O -coli O -, O -but O -no O -immunological O -correspondence O -was O -observed O -with O -acetate O -- O -grown O -Chlorella O -fusca O -, O -Zea O -mays O -( O -maize O -) O -scutella O -or O -purified O -malate B-Chemical -synthase O -from O -Ricinus O -communis O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -these O -procedures O -, O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -size O -of O -the O -intracranial O -basal O -artery O -was O -measured O -angiographically O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -cellular O -metabolism O -of O -cerebral O -tissue O -will O -be O -probably O -maintained O -by O -oxygen B-Chemical -supply O -necessary O -to O -cellular O -respiration O -through O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -from O -the O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -Reaction O -with O -tetrahydrophthalic O -anhydride O -revealed O -the O -number O -of O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -that O -remained O -unreacted O -in O -each O -separated O -component O -and O -made O -possible O -further O -subractionation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -major O -product O -bore O -a O -blocked O -NH2 O -terminus O -but O -retained O -one O -unmodified O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -, O -identified O -after O -modification O -by O -trinitrobenzenesulfonate O -as O -lysine O -residue O -77 O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -covalently O -modified O -upon O -its O -oxidation O -of O -D O -- O -propargylglycine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -modified O -enzymes O -have O -a O -marked O -preference O -for O -hydrophobic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -: O -the O -rates O -of O -oxidation O -decrease O -in O -the O -series O -D O -- O -phenylalanine O -, O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -, O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norleucine I-Chemical -, O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norvaline I-Chemical -, O -D O -- O -alpha O -- O -aminobutyrate O -, O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -primary O -kinetic O -isotope O -effect O -is O -observed O -upon O -oxidation O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -by O -the O -modified O -enzymes O -, O -evidence O -that O -this O -catalysis O -exhibits O -a O -different O -rate O -- O -determining O -step O -from O -catalysis O -by O -native O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitation O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -and O -potential O -gradients O -in O -gastric O -plasma O -membrane O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -Destruction O -of O -heme O -and O -hemoproteins O -mediated O -by O -liver O -microsomal O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -P O -- O -450 O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethidium O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -type O -of O -inhibitor O -of O -energy O -transduction O -in O -oxidative O -phosphorylation O -, O -inhibited O -ATP O -synthesis O -in O -intact O -mitochondria O -but O -not O -in O -submitochondrial O -particles O -, O -the O -latter O -being O -inside O -- O -out O -relative O -to O -the O -membranes O -of O -intact O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -of O -the O -membrane O -potential O -by O -valinomycin O -( O -plus O -KCl O -) O -inhibited O -only O -slightly O -the O -energy O -- O -dependent O -binding O -of O -ethidium O -bromide B-Chemical -to O -the O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sepration O -was O -obtained O -by O -partitionin O -an O -aqueous O -dextran B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -polyethylene I-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -two O -- O -phase O -system O -, O -a O -method O -which O -utilizes O -differences O -in O -surface O -properties O -for O -separation O -of O -membrane O -particles O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -- O -Phenylspiro O -[ O -furan O -- O -2 O -( O -3H O -) O -, O -1 O -- O -phtalan O -] O -3 O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -dione O -( O -fluorescamine O -) O -was O -used O -to O -covalently O -modify O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -of O -thylakoids O -. O - -aps B-category -Closely O -related O -cytochromes O -c2 O -with O -different O -redox O -potentials O -show O -patterns O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -substitution O -which O -are O -consistent O -with O -changes O -in O -hydrophobicity O -near O -the O -haem O -being O -at O -least O -a O -partial O -determinant O -of O -redox O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -values O -of O -bimolecular O -lipid O -membrane O -conductance O -are O -obtained O -with O -grisorixin O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbohydrate O -content O -( O -related O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -) O -was O -14 O -. O -4 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Immobilization O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -into O -proteic O -films O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -enzyme O -( O -a O -myosin O -- O -cleaving O -protease O -) O -was O -apparently O -homogeneous O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -absence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -active O -against O -casein O -, O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -ethyl O -ester O -and O -N O -- O -glutaryl O -- O -L O -- O -phenylalanine O -- O -4 O -- O -nitroanilide O -( O -Glu O -- O -Phe O -- O -NAn O -) O -, O -but O -less O -active O -with O -N O -- O -benzoyl O -- O -DL O -- O -arginine O -- O -4 O -- O -nitroanilide O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -NaN3 O -plus O -catalase O -, O -N O -- O -methyl O -- O -N O -' O -- O -nitro O -- O -N O -- O -nitrosoguanidine O -or O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -activated O -the O -purified O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Yeast O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -: O -NAD O -+ O -oxidoreductase O -( O -phosphorylating O -) O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -12 O -) O -immobilized O -on O -CNBr O -- O -activated O -Sepharose O -4 O -- O -B O -has O -been O -subjected O -to O -dissociation O -to O -obtain O -matrix O -- O -bound O -dimeric O -species O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mechanism O -for O -the O -reduction O -and O -oxidation O -of O -methyl O -viologen O -by O -Clostridium O -pasteurianum O -hydrogenase O -( O -hydrogen B-Chemical -: O -ferredoxin O -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -12 O -. O -7 O -. O -1 O -) O -is O -proposed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -esterase O -- O -9A O -is O -the O -first O -testosterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -isozyme O -of O -the O -mouse O -carboxylesterase O -( O -carboxylicester O -hydrolase O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -) O -system O -which O -has O -been O -isolated O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -homgenate O -of O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -grown O -under O -semi O -- O -anaerobic O -as O -well O -as O -aerobic O -conditions O -was O -found O -to O -catalyze O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -esters O -of O -sterols O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -enzyme O -- O -polyacrylamide O -slices O -, O -there O -was O -a O -continuous O -increase O -in O -rate O -with O -increasing O -pH O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -bell O -- O -shaped O -behavior O -with O -free O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -31P O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -spectra O -and O -enzymatic O -activities O -are O -compared O -for O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -( O -orthophosphoric O -- O -monoester O -phosphohydrolase O -( O -alkaline O -optimum O -) O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -) O -species O -with O -different O -zinc B-Chemical -contents O -. O - -aps B-category -NMR O -and O -enzymatic O -investigation O -of O -the O -interaction O -between O -elastase O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -trifluoroacetate O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -is O -inactive O -on O -pancreatic O -elastase O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -acetate O -is O -a O -weak O -inhibitor O -of O -this O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -between O -sodium B-Chemical -trifluoroacetate O -and O -pancreatic O -elastase O -is O -also O -demonstrated O -by O -19F O -NMR O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Homogeneity O -was O -established O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -absence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -( O -SDS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -, O -the O -isoelectric O -point O -and O -the O -number O -of O -- O -SH O -groups O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -for O -8 O -- O -azaguanine O -in O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -pH O -6 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonding O -on O -electronic O -spectra O -of O -flavoprotein O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -possible O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bondings O -examined O -, O -characteristic O -spectral O -shifts O -were O -found O -for O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bondings O -at O -N O -( O -1 O -) O -and O -N O -( O -5 O -) O -of O -the O -nucleus O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonding O -at O -N O -( O -5 O -) O -resulted O -in O -the O -shifts O -of O -both O -the O -first O -and O -the O -second O -band O -towards O -red O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -occurrence O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bondings O -at O -O O -( O -12 O -) O -, O -N O -( O -3 O -) O -H O -, O -and O -O O -( O -14 O -) O -is O -favorable O -for O -N O -( O -5 O -) O -of O -the O -isoalloxazine O -nucleus O -to O -accept O -electron O -from O -an O -electron O -donor O -. O - -aps B-category -Acta O -146 O -, O -91 O -- O -101 O -) O -( O -apparent O -Km O -: O -8 O -micrometer O -) O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -ferricyanide O -( O -apparent O -Km O -: O -10 O -micrometer O -) O -and O -ferricytochrome O -b5 O -( O -apparent O -Km O -: O -15 O -micrometer O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutathione O -peroxidase O -( O -glutathione B-Chemical -: O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -11 O -. O -1 O -. O -9 O -) O -was O -purified O -from O -rat O -liver O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -Harderian O -gland O -extracts O -from O -male O -rats O -catalyze O -the O -conversion O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -to O -N O -- O -acetylserotonin O -and O -of O -tryptamine O -to O -N O -- O -acetyltryptamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Harderian O -gland O -tissue O -in O -culture O -can O -acetylate O -tryptamine O -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -can O -O O -- O -methylate O -the O -N O -- O -acetylserotonin O -to O -form O -melatonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -properties O -of O -the O -triglyceride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -cholesteryl B-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydrolyzing I-Chemical -activity O -by O -an O -acid O -lipase O -from O -rabbit O -aortic O -tissue O -were O -compared O -under O -different O -experimental O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -rabbit O -lipoproteins O -to O -the O -assay O -system O -resulted O -in O -inhibition O -of O -both O -cholesterol B-Chemical -esterase O -and O -triglyceride B-Chemical -lipase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -a O -single O -acid O -lipase O -, O -presumably O -of O -lysosomal O -origin O -, O -has O -broad O -specificity O -towards O -triglycerides B-Chemical -and O -cholesteryl B-Chemical -esters I-Chemical -, O -and O -may O -play O -a O -role O -in O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -these O -lipids O -during O -intralysosomal O -degradation O -of O -lipoproteins O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1 O -) O -The O -factor O -was O -activated O -by O -dialysis O -against O -67 O -mM O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -8 O -- O -- O -6 O -. O -4 O -, O -not O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -- O -- O -8 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -3 O -) O -High O -osmotic O -pressure O -( O -sucrose B-Chemical -at O -1 O -M O -) O -did O -not O -affect O -activation O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -80 O -000 O -by O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -100 O -gel O -filtration O -at O -high O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -complexation O -of O -pI O -range O -3 O -. O -5 O -- O -- O -5 O -Ampholine O -to O -heparin B-Chemical -in O -isoelectric O -focusing O -has O -been O -explored O -by O -the O -dye O -- O -binding O -technique O -at O -different O -pH O -values O -in O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -there O -appear O -to O -be O -variable O -stoichiometries O -for O -the O -strong O -binding O -between O -heparin B-Chemical -and O -Ampholine O -, O -depending O -on O -their O -relative O -amounts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -banding O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -in O -isoelectric O -focusing O -in O -the O -pH O -range O -3 O -. O -0 O -- O -- O -4 O -. O -5 O -can O -be O -explained O -by O -aggregation O -of O -the O -various O -components O -on O -heparin B-Chemical -in O -amounts O -dependent O -upon O -the O -net O -charge O -on O -the O -Ampholine O -species O -at O -the O -given O -pH O -, O -and O -upon O -the O -changing O -stoichiometries O -as O -a O -function O -of O -the O -variation O -in O -ratio O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -to O -Ampholine O -along O -the O -pH O -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -their O -behavior O -in O -isoelectric O -focusing O -at O -pH O -3 O -. O -0 O -- O -- O -4 O -. O -5 O -, O -strength O -of O -aggregation O -of O -the O -polyanions O -studied O -appears O -to O -be O -heparin B-Chemical -A O -= O -heparin B-Chemical -B O -greather O -than O -polyglutamate O -greater O -than O -carboxyl O -- O -reduced O -heparin B-Chemical -B O -greater O -than O -polygalacturonic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -binding O -affinities O -of O -various O -aliphatic O -amines B-Chemical -for O -the O -protein O -are O -, O -in O -decreasing O -order O -, O -spermine O -greater O -than O -thermine O -greater O -than O -greater O -than O -putrecine O -greater O -than O -1 O -, O -10 O -- O -diaminodecane O -, O -cadaverine O -and O -1 O -, O -12 O -- O -diaminododecane O -. O - -aps B-category -Apparent O -Mg2 O -+ O -and O -H O -+ O -stability O -constants O -of O -5 O -- O -phosphoribosyl O -alpha O -- O -1 O -- O -pyrophosphate O -( O -ligand O -, O -L O -) O -complexes O -were O -determined O -from O -pH O -titration O -data O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -with O -an O -average O -of O -0 O -. O -17 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -or O -KCl O -and O -0 O -. O -20 O -M O -ionic O -strength O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -- O -Chloroacetylpyridine O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -an O -alkylating O -analogue O -of O -NADP O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -3 O -- O -diazoacetylpyridine O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -phosphate B-Chemical -proved O -to O -be O -more O -unstable O -when O -compared O -to O -the O -corresponding O -NAD O -+ O -analogue O -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -pretreatment O -( O -1 O -. O -0 O -- O -4 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -attenuated O -, O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -response O -fashion O -, O -the O -induction O -of O -stereotyped O -behavior O -and O -hyperactivity O -by O -pargyline O -( O -0 O -. O -25 O -, O -4 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -beta O -- O -phenylethylamine O -( O -8 O -. O -0 O -, O -16 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -in O -preubertal O -, O -male O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protective O -effect O -of O -selenium B-Chemical -on O -cadmium O -- O -induced O -injury O -to O -normal O -and O -cryptorchid O -testes O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxic O -effects O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -on O -yeast O -cells O -: O -possible O -mechanisms O -of O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -demonstrates O -that O -, O -apart O -from O -these O -effects O -, O -the O -acids O -cause O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -respiration O -quotient O -( O -RQ O -) O -, O -inhibition O -of O -CO2 O -fixation O -, O -production O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -at O -the O -expense O -of O -anabolic O -processes O -, O -and O -inhibition O -of O -active O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -in O -the O -yeast O -Candida O -utilis O -. O - -aps B-category -Considering O -the O -physicochemical O -properties O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -their O -preferential O -action O -on O -energy O -- O -requiring O -processes O -, O -one O -of O -the O -key O -sites O -of O -action O -can O -be O -assumed O -to O -be O -the O -mitochondrial O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -physiocochemical O -properties O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -may O -also O -give O -rise O -to O -their O -binding O -to O -other O -intracellular O -membranes O -and O -to O -a O -subsequent O -interference O -with O -the O -function O -of O -the O -corresponding O -organelles O -. O - -aps B-category -Heat O -activation O -and O -cold O -inactivation O -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -from O -chick O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -Phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -labetalol B-Chemical -and O -thymoxamine O -antagonized O -responses O -to O -methoxamine B-Chemical -to O -a O -greater O -extent O -than O -responses O -to O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -In O -the O -presence O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -. O -0 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -mol O -/ O -l O -) O -the O -potency O -of O -the O -antagonists O -against O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -was O -increased O -such O -that O -the O -pA2 O -values O -were O -then O -similar O -to O -those O -obtained O -against O -methoxamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonists O -on O -contractile O -responses O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -in O -dog O -saphenous O -vein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -phase O -occurred O -with O -low O -concentrations O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -0 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -TO O -5 O -. O -0 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -mol O -/ O -l O -) O -with O -a O -plateau O -between O -1 O -. O -0 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -mol O -/ O -l O -and O -1 O -. O -0 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -mol O -/ O -l O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -The O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antabonists O -, O -phentolamine B-Chemical -( O -5 O -. O -0 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -to O -5 O -. O -0 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -mol O -/ O -l O -) O -, O -labetalol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -0 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -to O -1 O -. O -0 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -mol O -/ O -l O -) O -and O -thymoxamine O -( O -1 O -. O -0 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -to O -1 O -. O -0 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -mol O -/ O -l O -) O -, O -antagonized O -responses O -to O -high O -concentrations O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -but O -responses O -to O -low O -concentrations O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -were O -not O -antagonized O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -receptors O -and O -that O -high O -concentrations O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -also O -act O -indirectly O -on O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -by O -displacing O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -from O -neuronal O -stores O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Phenoxybenzamine O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -and O -desmethylimipramine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -produced O -further O -increases O -in O -transmitter O -overflow O -when O -added O -after O -piperoxan O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -Piperoxan O -produced O -dose O -- O -dependent O -inhibition O -of O -responses O -of O -the O -splenic O -vasculature O -to O -close O -arterial O -injection O -of O -1 O -microgram O -of O -( O -- O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -noradrenaline I-Chemical -but O -was O -much O -less O -effective O -at O -inhibiting O -responses O -to O -nerve O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -In O -isolated O -strips O -of O -cat O -splenic O -capsule O -, O -piperoxan O -produced O -a O -shift O -to O -the O -right O -of O -the O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -to O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -with O -no O -change O -of O -the O -maximum O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Atenolol O -was O -compared O -with O -five O -other O -beta O -- O -blockers O -and O -a O -thiazide B-Chemical -diuretic B-Chemical -in O -a O -randomised O -cross O -- O -over O -trial O -of O -once O -- O -daily O -treatment O -of O -essential O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Labetalol B-Chemical -proved O -ineffective O -when O -given O -once O -daily O -, O -and O -the O -high O -incidence O -of O -side O -effects O -, O -equalled O -only O -by O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -would O -probably O -prohibit O -further O -increases O -in O -dosage O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -sequelae O -of O -striatal O -kainate B-Chemical -lesion O -. O - -aps B-category -Sequential O -changes O -in O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -and O -urinary O -aldosterone B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -were O -assessed O -in O -eight O -patients O -with O -severe O -hypertension O -after O -minoxidil B-Chemical -had O -been O -added O -to O -their O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -renin O -activity O -and O -urinary O -aldosterone B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -did O -not O -change O -significantly O -after O -beta O -- O -blockade O -had O -been O -stopped O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -the O -rat O -amygdala O -induced O -by O -kindling O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -periglomerular O -cells O -and O -few O -superficial O -tufted O -cells O -take O -up O -and O -accumulate O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -precursors O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -granular O -and O -external O -plexiform O -layers O -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -axon O -terminals O -were O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -Kainic O -acid O -( O -3 O -nmoles O -bilaterally O -) O -was O -injected O -into O -the O -dorsal O -striatum O -of O -the O -rat O -producing O -virtually O -complete O -destruction O -of O -cell O -bodies O -in O -this O -structure O -but O -without O -directly O -affecting O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -terminals O -ascending O -from O -the O -substantia O -nigra O -and O -terminating O -in O -the O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stereotypy O -and O -locomotor O -activity O -in O -response O -to O -the O -direct O -receptor O -agonist O -, O -apomorphine B-Chemical -, O -however O -were O -not O -consistently O -affected O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarities O -are O -noted O -with O -the O -effects O -of O -these O -two O -stimulant O -drugs O -in O -human O -patients O -with O -Huntington O -' O -s O -disease O -, O -thus O -strengthening O -the O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -animal O -model O -of O -this O -disease O -, O -first O -proposed O -on O -biochemical O -grounds O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -kinetic O -study O -of O -the O -reaction O -of O -two O -turnip O -peroxidases O -( O -P1 O -and O -P7 O -) O -with O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -to O -form O -the O -primary O -oxidized O -compound O -( O -compound O -I O -) O -has O -been O -carried O -out O -over O -the O -pH O -range O -from O -2 O -. O -4 O -to O -10 O -. O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -different O -ionization O -processes O -of O -peroxidase O -P1 O -with O -pKa O -values O -of O -3 O -. O -9 O -and O -10 O -are O -required O -to O -explain O -the O -rate O -pH O -profile O -for O -the O -reaction O -with O -H2O2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -poly B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -ADP I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ribose I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -rat O -pancreas O -and O -poly O -( O -ADP O -- O -ribosylation O -) O -of O -basic O -nuclear O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -has O -an O -optimum O -pH O -of O -7 O -. O -8 O -and O -the O -optimum O -temperature O -is O -between O -20 O -and O -30 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Optimum O -Mg2 O -+ O -concentration O -is O -8 O -mM O -and O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -also O -stimulates O -the O -enzyme O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -8 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -acid O -- O -- O -base O -alterations O -produced O -by O -changing O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -( O -metabolic O -type O -) O -, O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -( O -respiratory O -type O -) O -, O -or O -both O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -( O -compensated O -type O -) O -on O -skeletal O -muscle O -twitch O -tension O -, O -intracellular O -pH O -, O -and O -intracellular O -potassium B-Chemical -were O -studied O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Decreasing O -the O -extracellular O -pH O -by O -decreasing O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -or O -increasing O -CO2 O -in O -the O -bathing O -fluid O -produced O -a O -decrease O -in O -intracellular O -pH O -, O -intracellular O -K O -+ O -, O -and O -muscle O -twitch O -tension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -muscle O -tension O -of O -the O -diaphragms O -taken O -from O -K O -+ O -- O -deficient O -rats O -is O -more O -sensitive O -to O -variations O -in O -CO2 O -, O -PH O -, O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -the O -medium O -than O -that O -of O -the O -control O -rat O -diaphragms O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -autonomic O -agents O -on O -the O -amount O -of O -androgen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -granules O -in O -convoluted O -tubular O -cells O -of O -the O -mouse O -submandibular O -gland O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -mice O -were O -injected O -with O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agent O -( O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -) O -or O -a O -parasympathomimetic O -agent O -( O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -) O -, O -the O -amount O -of O -granules O -in O -the O -glands O -did O -not O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -upon O -tumor O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -work O -it O -was O -shown O -that O -cysteine B-Chemical -was O -a O -particularly O -potent O -inhibitor O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -into O -S37 O -ascites O -tumor O -cells O -, O -raising O -another O -possible O -interpretation O -of O -the O -earlier O -data O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -analogs O -were O -found O -to O -inhibit O -transport O -also O -, O -and O -the O -effect O -was O -more O -pronounced O -with O -system O -L O -than O -system O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -Reports O -from O -the O -Workshop O -on O -the O -Use O -of O -Steroids B-Chemical -as O -Carriers O -of O -Cytotoxic O -Agents O -in O -Breast O -Cancer O -: O -Cancer O -Therapy O -Evaluation O -Program O -, O -Division O -of O -Cancer O -Treatment O -, O -National O -Cancer O -Institute O -. O - -aps B-category -HCI O -, O -commonly O -used O -to O -preserve O -urine O -for O -steroid B-Chemical -analysis O -, O -cannot O -safely O -be O -supplied O -to O -out O -of O -town O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Almost O -no O -change O -in O -steroid B-Chemical -and O -creatinine B-Chemical -concentrations O -was O -observed O -in O -samples O -of O -buffered O -urine O -kept O -for O -10 O -days O -at O -room O -temperature O -( O -20 O -- O -26 O -degrees O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -new O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -- O -selective O -electrode O -for O -measurement O -of O -the O -substance O -concentration O -of O -free O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -[ O -Ca2 O -+ O -] O -in O -the O -plasma O -phase O -of O -whole O -blood O -and O -in O -serum O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -A O -sample O -volume O -of O -50 O -microliter O -suffices O -to O -obtain O -simultaneous O -values O -of O -pH O -and O -[ O -Ca2 O -+ O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -measured O -total O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -in O -plasma O -with O -a O -new O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -analyzer O -, O -and O -compared O -the O -results O -with O -total O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -data O -derived O -from O -measurements O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -and O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Experimental O -studies O -on O -alpha O -receptor O -blockaders O -- O -- O -effects O -on O -catecholamine B-Chemical -secretion O -by O -the O -adrenal O -medulla O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Washing O -the O -cells O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -25M O -) O -to O -remove O -residual O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -buffered I-Chemical -saline O -effectively O -eliminated O -this O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -25 O -- O -fold O -- O -15 O -- O -fold O -variability O -in O -daily O -doses O -was O -found O -for O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -and O -nortiptyline O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Daily O -doses O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -varied O -between O -0 O -. O -1 O -and O -0 O -. O -6 O -gm O -, O -93 O -% O -of O -the O -doses O -falling O -between O -0 O -. O -2 O -and O -0 O -. O -4 O -gm O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -drug O -information O -programs O -on O -dosage O -intervals O -prescribed O -for O -procainamide B-Chemical -, O -phenytoin B-Chemical -, O -and O -beta O -receptor O -blocking O -drugs O -is O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -Impaired O -absorption O -of O -desmethyldiazepam O -from O -clorazepate O -by O -magnesium B-Chemical -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxide O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -kinetic O -variables O -for O -DMDZ O -in O -CZP O -- O -water O -and O -CZP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -magnesium I-Chemical -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxide O -treatment O -conditions O -, O -respectively O -, O -were O -: O -peak O -measured O -concentration O -, O -273 O -and O -188 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -( O -p O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -; O -time O -of O -peak O -concentration O -, O -1 O -. O -8 O -and O -2 O -. O -8 O -hr O -after O -dose O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -; O -apparent O -absorption O -half O -- O -life O -, O -14 O -. O -8 O -and O -30 O -. O -7 O -min O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -; O -area O -under O -the O -48 O -- O -hr O -plasma O -concentration O -curve O -, O -6 O -, O -028 O -and O -5 O -, O -433 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -X O -hr O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -aging O -and O -liver O -disease O -on O -disposition O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -seventeen O -patients O -with O -untreated O -essential O -hypertension O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -water O -contents O -of O -leucocytes O -were O -significantly O -increased O -, O -whereas O -the O -rate O -constant O -for O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -efflux O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -pyratrione O -( O -a O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -inhibitor O -) O -in O -essential O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Propranolol I-Chemical -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -, O -DL O -- O -alprenolol O -, O -pindolol B-Chemical -( O -LB46 O -) O -, O -practolol O -, O -ICI O -66082 O -, O -sotalol B-Chemical -and O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -all O -produced O -prolonged O -falls O -in O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -after O -intracerebroventricular O -administration O -in O -conscious O -normotensive O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -of O -maximum O -hypotension O -and O -bradycardia O -after O -intracerebroventricular O -infusion O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonists O -coincided O -with O -the O -maximum O -inhibition O -of O -the O -centrally O -mediated O -tachycardia O -observed O -after O -intracerebroventricular O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -prindolol O -was O -given O -to O -animals O -in O -which O -PRA O -and O -blood O -pressure O -had O -been O -reduced O -by O -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -, O -PRA O -returned O -to O -control O -values O -but O -blood O -pressure O -remained O -low O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -1 O -, O -7 O -- O -bis O -( O -p O -- O -aminophenoxy O -) O -heptane O -( O -153C51 O -) O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -by O -Schistosoma O -mansoni O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolic O -fate O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -ciliated O -gill O -epithelium O -of O -bivalve O -molluscs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biological O -effects O -of O -tryptophol O -( O -indole B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethanol I-Chemical -) O -: O -hemolytic O -, O -biochemical O -and O -behavior O -modifying O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -on O -transmural O -potential O -difference O -and O -short O -- O -circuit O -current O -in O -isolated O -frog O -( O -Rana O -catesbeiana O -) O -skin O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -in O -red O -- O -tailed O -hawks O -( O -Buteo O -jamaicensis O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -antiarrhythmic O -drugs O -, O -a O -marked O -and O -prolonged O -elevation O -of O -the O -stimulation O -threshold O -was O -produced O -by O -procainamide B-Chemical -, O -quinidine B-Chemical -, O -and O -aimaline O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -detectable O -effect O -on O -the O -stimulation O -threshold O -was O -produced O -by O -phenytoin B-Chemical -and O -digitalis B-Chemical -glucosides O -from O -the O -group O -of O -antiarrhythmics O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrocortisone B-Chemical -was O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -H O -+ O -ion O -secretion O -in O -the O -proximal O -tubule O -as O -revealed O -by O -the O -reabsorption O -of O -the O -glycodiazine O -buffer O -vanishes O -when O -the O -ambient O -solutions O -are O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -If O -Na O -+ O -transport O -is O -blocked O -by O -ouabain B-Chemical -the O -latter O -transport O -processes O -are O -abolished O -, O -the O -secretion O -of O -H O -+ O -ions O -, O -however O -, O -remains O -unchanged O -suggesting O -H O -+ O -to O -be O -not O -exclusively O -driven O -by O -active O -Na O -+ O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -products O -are O -ammonia B-Chemical -and O -activated O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -activated O -glutamate B-Chemical -can O -then O -be O -utilized O -in O -the O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -cycle O -for O -the O -synthesis O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamylcysteine O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -insignificant O -compared O -to O -the O -mitochondrial O -pathway O -' O -s O -contribution O -to O -ammonia B-Chemical -production O -in O -metabolic O -acidosis O -, O -it O -is O -highly O -significant O -from O -the O -perspective O -of O -the O -Unitary O -Hypothesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fact O -that O -this O -shift O -in O -pathways O -is O -induced O -by O -acidosis O -( O -through O -adrenosteroids O -) O -and O -that O -it O -represents O -a O -10 O -to O -20 O -fold O -activation O -of O -the O -mitochondrial O -pathway O -is O -completely O -consistent O -with O -a O -glucocorticoid O -mediated O -glutamine B-Chemical -permeability O -increase O -of O -the O -inner O -mitochondrial O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -alpha O -- O -Ketoglutarate O -regulation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -transport O -and O -deamidation O -in O -renal O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -- O -inhibition O -relationship O -observed O -between O -KG O -and O -mitochondrial O -glutamine B-Chemical -transport O -and O -deamidation O -indicates O -that O -changes O -in O -renal O -KG O -concentration O -occurring O -during O -alterations O -in O -acid O -- O -base O -balance O -would O -have O -significant O -effects O -on O -mitochondrial O -ammonia B-Chemical -production O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -KG O -( O -0 O -. O -3 O -mM O -) O -raised O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -transport O -Km O -approximately O -two O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -maleate B-Chemical -on O -CoA O -metabolism O -in O -rat O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -of O -free O -CoA O -and O -acid O -soluble O -acyl O -- O -CoA O -in O -kidney O -mitochondria O -respiring O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -maleate B-Chemical -or O -in O -the O -kidney O -of O -maleate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -occured O -without O -appreciable O -changes O -in O -acid O -insoluble O -acyl O -- O -CoA O -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -changes O -induced O -by O -acute O -phosphate B-Chemical -loading O -in O -acutely O -thyroparathyroidectomized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Normalization O -of O -plasma O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -unlike O -the O -reversal O -of O -the O -alkalosis O -, O -prevents O -the O -fall O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -. O - -aps B-category -Labelled O -antisera O -directed O -against O -surface O -glycoprotein O -fractions O -gave O -a O -specific O -immuno O -fluorescence O -staining O -of O -only O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -plasma O -- O -membrane O -from O -the O -proximal O -tubule O -epithelia O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -a O -severe O -systemic O -anaphylactoid O -reaction O -is O -reported O -in O -a O -patient O -treated O -with O -dextran B-Chemical -60 O -to O -prevent O -venous O -thrombosis O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -would O -therefore O -like O -to O -recommend O -that O -for O -such O -cases O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -receptor O -antagonist O -should O -be O -given O -in O -addition O -to O -the O -usual O -medication O -with O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -and O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -receptor O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Deuterium O -isotope O -effects O -on O -the O -metabolism O -and O -toxicity O -of O -phenacetin B-Chemical -in O -hamsters O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -was O -protected O -by O -pretreating O -the O -rats O -with O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -, O -which O -increased O -hepatic O -p O -- O -xylene O -hydroxylase O -and O -cytosolic O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activities O -, O -but O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -in O -hepatic O -cytosol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reactive O -intermediate O -( O -p O -- O -tolualdehyde O -) O -required O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -to O -carry O -out O -the O -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -the O -product O -, O -2 O -- O -cyclohexen O -- O -1 O -- O -ol O -, O -requires O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -generating I-Chemical -system O -, O -is O -inhibited O -by O -CO O -, O -metyrapone O -, O -and O -SKF O -525 O -- O -A O -, O -and O -is O -induced O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -- O -Methyl O -- O -1 O -- O -phenyl O -- O -2 O -- O -butanone O -yielded O -eight O -metabolites O -in O -addition O -to O -the O -corresponding O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -and O -structures O -are O -proposed O -for O -some O -of O -these O -metabolic O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -second O -, O -minor O -metabolite O -with O -high O -- O -pressure O -liquid O -chromatography O -and O -ultraviolet O -absorption O -characteristics O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -1 O -- O -[ O -[ O -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -furanyl I-Chemical -) O -methylene O -] O -amino B-Chemical -] O -- O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -imidazolidinedione O -( O -aminofurantoin O -) O -was O -detected O -in O -cecum O -and O -colon O -contents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intermediate O -arene O -oxides O -formed O -from O -BP O -in O -the O -isolated O -perfused O -lung O -were O -metabolized O -nonoxidatively O -by O -epoxide O -hydrase O -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -S O -- O -transferases O -. O - -aps B-category -Covalent O -binding O -of O -BP O -- O -derived O -radioactivity O -to O -lung O -tissue O -occurred O -, O -but O -relatively O -high O -variability O -in O -this O -parameter O -in O -lungs O -from O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pretreated I-Chemical -animals O -did O -not O -allow O -measurement O -of O -a O -significant O -difference O -from O -control O -lungs O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolonged O -impairment O -of O -the O -plasma O -- O -protein O -binding O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -after O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -oleate O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -maximum O -free O -( O -unbound O -) O -phenytoin B-Chemical -fraction O -value O -of O -about O -0 O -. O -30 O -was O -found O -between O -30 O -and O -120 O -min O -after O -oleate O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -impaired O -plasma O -- O -protein O -binding O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -was O -unaffected O -by O -prolonged O -dialysis O -but O -was O -effectively O -reversed O -by O -charcoal B-Chemical -treatment O -of O -the O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -example O -, O -5 O -min O -after O -a O -bolus O -injection O -of O -oleate O -, O -the O -plasma O -free O -fraction O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -was O -about O -0 O -. O -33 O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -microsomal O -enzyme O -inducers O -on O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -7 O -, O -8 O -- O -tetrachlorodibenzo O -- O -p O -- O -dioxin O -- O -induced O -depression O -in O -the O -biliary O -excretion O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -were O -present O -in O -free O -form O -and O -as O -ester O -and O -ether B-Chemical -glucuronides O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fate O -of O -intravenously O -administered O -[ O -7 O -- O -3H O -] O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -was O -investigated O -in O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -isomeric O -methoxyhydroxy O -metabolites O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -have O -been O -identified O -in O -man O -during O -chronic O -antihypertensive O -propranolol B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -isomeric O -methoxyhydroxy O -metabolites O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -containing O -a O -glycol O -or O -a O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -side O -- O -chain O -were O -also O -identified O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -glucuronide O -metabolites O -of O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -in O -human O -urine O -by O -gas O -chromatography O -and O -mass O -spectrometry O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -included O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -N O -- O -glucuronide O -( O -M O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -epoxide O -in O -human O -fetal O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Etilefrine O -, O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -inhibited O -the O -sympatho O -- O -adrenal O -reaction O -on O -orthostasis O -and O -decreased O -the O -liberation O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Mental O -complications O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenergic I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -in O -psychiatry O -: O -present O -status O -, O -future O -approaches O -and O -research O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -was O -administered O -in O -8 O -equal O -doses O -over O -24 O -hours O -and O -increased O -at O -a O -daily O -rate O -of O -400 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -Indications O -for O -use O -, O -dosages O -, O -and O -combinations O -with O -other O -drugs O -, O -mainly O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -, O -must O -be O -delineated O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -and O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -: O -levels O -and O -cyclase O -activities O -in O -liver O -and O -adipose O -tissue O -from O -diabetic O -mice O -( O -db O -/ O -db O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -3 O -- O -chloroacetylpyridine O -- O -- O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -there O -is O -a O -loss O -of O -one O -thiol B-Chemical -per O -subunit O -at O -complete O -inactivation O -whereas O -for O -3 O -- O -chloroacetylpyridine O -- O -- O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -2 O -. O -7 O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -are O -lost O -. O - -aps B-category -Production O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -in O -the O -mannitol B-Chemical -cycle O -and O -its O -relation O -to O -polyketide O -formation O -in O -Alternaria O -alternata O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -turn O -of O -the O -cycle O -gives O -the O -net O -result O -: O -NADH O -+ O -NADP O -+ O -+ O -ATP O -leads O -to O -NAD O -+ O -+ O -NADPH B-Chemical -+ O -ADP O -+ O -Pi O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -polyketide O -producing O -strain O -of O -A O -. O -alternata O -shows O -a O -lower O -mannitol B-Chemical -oxidation O -as O -well O -as O -a O -lower O -fat O -synthesis O -than O -a O -nonproducing O -mutant O -, O -supporting O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -polyketide O -formation O -is O -favoured O -at O -limiting O -NADPH B-Chemical -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -modifying O -equilibrium O -between O -activated O -and O -non O -- O -activated O -forms O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -two O -steroids B-Chemical -differing O -3 O -- O -fold O -in O -their O -affinity O -for O -the O -receptor O -, O -no O -difference O -was O -seen O -in O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -bound O -steroid B-Chemical -on O -receptor O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulatory O -events O -may O -thus O -exist O -which O -, O -for O -a O -given O -level O -of O -hormone O -and O -receptor O -, O -modulate O -the O -concentration O -of O -activated O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -investigate O -the O -initial O -potassium B-Chemical -loss O -and O -development O -of O -hypokalaemia O -during O -the O -administration O -of O -an O -oral O -diuretic B-Chemical -, O -metabolic O -balance O -studies O -were O -performed O -in O -ten O -patients O -with O -essential O -hypertension O -who O -had O -shown O -hypokalaemia O -under O -prior O -oral O -diuretic B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -patients O -received O -a O -normal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -diet O -and O -four O -a O -low B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -( O -17 O -mmol O -/ O -day O -) O -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -electrolyte O -balances O -, O -weight O -, O -bromide B-Chemical -space O -, O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -, O -and O -aldosterone B-Chemical -secretion O -rate O -were O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -normal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -group O -the O -highest O -mean O -potassium B-Chemical -deficit O -was O -176 O -mmol O -on O -day O -9 O -, O -after O -which O -some O -potassium B-Chemical -was O -regained O -; O -in O -the O -low B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -group O -the O -highest O -deficit O -was O -276 O -mmol O -on O -day O -13 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -dietary O -sodium B-Chemical -restriction O -increases O -diuretic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -potassium B-Chemical -loss O -, O -presumably O -by O -an O -increased O -activity O -of O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aldosterone I-Chemical -system O -, O -while O -sodium B-Chemical -delivery O -to O -the O -distal O -renal O -tubules O -remains O -sufficiently O -high O -to O -allow O -increased O -potassium B-Chemical -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blocking O -agent O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -100 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -shifted O -the O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -for O -the O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -flow O -increases O -in O -the O -common O -hepatic O -, O -gastro O -- O -duodenal O -, O -and O -cranial O -mesenteric O -arteries O -to O -the O -right O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -prevented O -the O -decrease O -of O -arterial O -pressure O -evoked O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -blocked O -the O -flow O -to O -the O -liver O -and O -gastrointestinal O -tract O -to O -a O -greater O -extent O -than O -the O -LV O -dP O -/ O -dt O -max O -and O -maximal O -flow O -acceleration O -. O - -aps B-category -Dihydroergotamine O -inhibited O -the O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -increase O -in O -flow O -in O -the O -femoral O -artery O -and O -the O -decreases O -in O -flow O -in O -the O -hepatic O -, O -splenic O -, O -cranial O -mesenteric O -and O -renal O -arteries O -, O -and O -reversed O -the O -reduction O -of O -flow O -in O -the O -gastroduodenal O -artery O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -propranolol B-Chemical -is O -a O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blocking O -agent O -with O -a O -preference O -for O -blockade O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -vascular O -effects O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -flow O -increases O -are O -not O -direct O -actions O -on O -vascular O -beta O -- O -receptors O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -the O -increase O -of O -maximal O -blood O -flow O -accelerations O -after O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -is O -mediated O -by O -stimulation O -of O -cardiac O -beta O -- O -receptors O -; O -( O -4 O -) O -dihydroergotamine O -is O -an O -alpha O -- O -receptor O -blocking O -agent O -particularly O -in O -the O -splanchnic O -vascular O -region O -. O - -aps B-category -Chlordiazepoxide B-Chemical -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -are O -similar O -in O -local O -anaesthetic O -potency O -to O -procaine B-Chemical -while O -meprobamate O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -pentobarbitone O -possess O -only O -slight O -axonal O -depressant O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamine O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -the O -brains O -of O -senescent O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -posterior O -half O -of O -the O -pulvinar O -of O -cats O -anaesthetized O -with O -halothane B-Chemical -and O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -, O -the O -majority O -of O -neurons O -were O -fired O -by O -ACh O -released O -with O -small O -electrophoretic O -currents O -. O - -aps B-category -ACh O -- O -induced O -discharges O -were O -easily O -and O -reversibly O -blocked O -by O -low O -doses O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Nicotine B-Chemical -failed O -to O -mimic O -ACh O -, O -whereas O -carbachol B-Chemical -was O -a O -potent O -excitant O -and O -was O -readily O -blocked O -by O -low O -doses O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -review O -of O -anatomical O -and O -biochemical O -responses O -of O -the O -lung O -to O -high O -concentrations O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -leads O -us O -to O -postulate O -a O -biphasic O -adaptive O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -favoring O -a O -successful O -defense O -would O -include O -an O -initial O -large O -population O -of O -type O -II O -cells O -or O -the O -ability O -of O -type O -II O -cells O -to O -divide O -fast O -enough O -to O -reestablish O -continuity O -before O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -cells O -( O -type O -1 O -alveolar O -epithelial O -and O -endothelial O -cells O -) O -proceeds O -to O -fatal O -pulmonary O -edema O -; O -both O -conditions O -probably O -exist O -in O -young O -animals O -, O -which O -are O -known O -to O -be O -more O -resistant O -to O -hyperoxia O -than O -old O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Microiontophoretic O -study O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -taurine O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -cat O -motor O -cortex O -neurons O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Inducing O -labor O -with O -oral O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -tablets O -. O - -aps B-category -Labor O -was O -induced O -with O -forewater O -amniotomy O -and O -oral O -Prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -( O -PGE O -) O -tablets O -in O -153 O -women O -with O -singleton O -pregnancies O -. O - -aps B-category -Side O -effects O -were O -more O -common O -among O -patients O -who O -received O -larger O -total O -doses O -of O -PGE2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Preoperative O -cervical O -dilatation O -with O -15 O -( O -S O -) O -15 O -- O -methyl O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -pessaries O -. O - -aps B-category -Vaginal O -pessaries O -containing O -either O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -( O -15 O -patients O -) O -or O -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -( O -13 O -patients O -) O -of O -the O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -analogue O -were O -administered O -every O -3 O -hours O -( O -maximum O -, O -4 O -doses O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -clinical O -trial O -comparing O -2 O -vaginal O -dose O -schedules O -of O -15 O -( O -S O -) O -15 O -- O -methyl O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F2alpha O -( O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -) O -methyl O -ester O -( O -4 O -or O -6 O -mg O -) O -for O -preoperative O -dilatation O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -vaginal O -administration O -of O -15 O -( O -S O -) O -15 O -- O -methyl O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -is O -highly O -effective O -for O -preoperative O -dilatation O -of O -the O -cervix O -before O -suction O -curettage O -abortion O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -was O -conducted O -to O -determine O -the O -water O -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -placentae O -from O -anemic O -and O -nonanemic O -Nigerian O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -pulmonary O -function O -changes O -were O -determined O -in O -twenty O -paediatric O -patients O -after O -a O -single O -oral O -dose O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -, O -ephedrine B-Chemical -, O -or O -their O -combination O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -crossover O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -reactions O -appeared O -to O -be O -more O -frequently O -related O -to O -ephedrine B-Chemical -intake O -, O -although O -no O -serious O -reactions O -were O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -short O -- O -term O -hypnotic O -efficacy O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -was O -compared O -to O -that O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -and O -placebo O -in O -120 O -out O -- O -patient O -insomniacs O -. O - -aps B-category -Triazolam B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -25 O -mg O -) O -was O -compared O -to O -flurazepam B-Chemical -( O -15 O -mg O -and O -30 O -mg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Triazolam B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -) O -was O -superior O -to O -placebo O -in O -improving O -quality O -of O -sleep O -, O -shortening O -sleep O -onset O -, O -increasing O -sleep O -duration O -, O -and O -reducing O -the O -number O -of O -night O -- O -time O -awakenings O -. O - -aps B-category -Triazolam B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -25 O -mg O -) O -was O -preferred O -to O -flurazepam B-Chemical -( O -15 O -mg O -) O -and O -was O -significantly O -better O -than O -flurazepam B-Chemical -on O -all O -sleep O -questions O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -clinical O -comparison O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -with O -placebo O -and O -with O -secobarbital O -in O -insomniac O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Triazolam B-Chemical -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -was O -compared O -to O -placebo O -in O -one O -trial O -conducted O -K O -Kay O -Okawa O -, O -MD O -, O -and O -triazolam B-Chemical -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -was O -compared O -to O -secobarbital O -100 O -mg O -in O -trials O -conducted O -by O -K O -Kay O -Okawa O -, O -MD O -and O -George O -S O -Allen O -, O -MD O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -sleep O -questionnaire O -data O -showed O -triazolam B-Chemical -to O -be O -superior O -to O -either O -placebo O -or O -secobarbital O -on O -the O -following O -parameters O -: O -how O -much O -the O -medication O -helped O -the O -patients O -sleep O -; O -onset O -of O -sleep O -; O -duration O -of O -sleep O -; O -and O -number O -of O -nocturnal O -awakenings O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -short O -- O -, O -erm O -culture O -experiments O -, O -explants O -were O -best O -maintained O -in O -a O -culture O -- O -support O -medium O -containing O -Eagle O -' O -s O -minimal O -essential O -medium O -, O -20 O -% O -fetal O -bovine O -serum O -, O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -lactalbumin O -hydrolysate O -, O -and O -other O -supplements O -in O -a O -pH O -range O -of O -6 O -. O -5 O -to O -8 O -. O -2 O -, O -and O -a O -NaCl B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -or O -less O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxygen O -evolution O -was O -inhibited O -by O -both O -cyanide O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -which O -was O -consistent O -with O -O O -( O -2 O -) O -release O -from O -H O -( O -2 O -) O -O O -( O -2 O -) O -by O -catalase O -. O - -aps B-category -Shifts O -in O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -levels O -upon O -the O -addition O -of O -NADH O -to O -cell O -- O -free O -extracts O -were O -impossible O -to O -evaluate O -due O -to O -the O -presence O -of O -NAD O -( O -+ O -) O -nucleosidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -different O -combinations O -- O -- O -the O -Eisenberg O -solution O -, O -Uralyt O -- O -U O -and O -Magurlit O -- O -- O -have O -been O -compared O -for O -their O -litholytic O -effect O -on O -urate B-Chemical -calculi O -in O -a O -homogeneous O -patient O -material O -. O - -aps B-category -Trimethroprim O -, O -erythromycin B-Chemical -, O -ampicillin B-Chemical -, O -and O -rosamicin O -, O -a O -new O -macrolide B-Chemical -antibiotic O -, O -were O -administered O -to O -dogs O -by O -constant O -intravenous O -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Inasmuch O -as O -rosamicin O -and O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -have O -antibacterial O -spectra O -well O -suited O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -bacterial O -urethritis O -and O -vaginitis O -they O -should O -be O -investigated O -clinically O -in O -this O -respect O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -the O -latter O -for O -the O -demonstration O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -G6PDH O -) O -, O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenase O -( O -6PGDH O -) O -, O -malic O -enzyme O -( O -ME O -) O -and O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -( O -ICDH O -) O -, O -characteristic O -distribution O -patterns O -were O -obtained O -in O -the O -liver O -parenchyma O -of O -male O -and O -female O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Improved O -localization O -of O -thiamine B-Chemical -pyrophosphatase O -activity O -in O -mounted O -cryostat O -sections O -using O -gel O -fixation O -and O -gel O -incubation O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -Special O -attention O -is O -given O -to O -the O -separation O -from O -the O -basic O -metabolite O -of O -droperidol B-Chemical -, O -a O -drug O -frequently O -co O -- O -administered O -with O -bezitramide O -. O - -aps B-category -Me O -- O -DIQ O -) O -derived O -from O -the O -condensation O -reaction O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -with O -glyoxylic O -acid O -in O -endocrine O -cells O -possessing O -the O -capacity O -to O -take O -up O -and O -store O -biogenic O -monoamine O -precursors O -. O - -aps B-category -Me O -- O -DIQ O -induced O -a O -strong O -fluorescence O -in O -those O -tissue O -components O -possessing O -the O -extraneuronal O -uptake O -mechanism O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -conclusion O -that O -biogenic O -monoamines B-Chemical -in O -the O -cells O -of O -the O -pars O -distalis O -of O -the O -hypophysis O -might O -use O -the O -phenolic O -moiety O -of O -the O -molecule O -to O -bind O -to O -some O -intracellular O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -findings O -gave O -further O -support O -to O -the O -suggestion O -that O -in O -the O -pancreatic O -islet O -cells O -, O -the O -thyroidal O -C O -cells O -and O -the O -tracheal O -enterochromaffin O -- O -like O -cells O -biogenic O -monoamines B-Chemical -are O -stored O -by O -a O -mechanism O -in O -which O -the O -basic O -, O -positively O -charged O -amino B-Chemical -group O -of O -biogenic O -monoamines B-Chemical -is O -bound O -electrostatically O -to O -the O -anionic O -, O -negatively O -charged O -carboxyl O -group O -of O -a O -hormone O -storage O -granule O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -that O -in O -the O -pars O -distalis O -cells O -, O -too O -, O -biogenic O -monoamines B-Chemical -have O -an O -active O -metabolism O -and O -possibly O -some O -regulative O -role O -in O -hormone O -synthesis O -and O -/ O -or O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Metronidazole B-Chemical -in O -surgical O -infections O -. O - -aps B-category -Chloral O -hydrate O -, O -chloroform B-Chemical -, O -nitrite B-Chemical -, O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dinitrophenol O -, O -and O -viologen O -dyes O -( O -compounds O -known O -to O -inhibit O -methanogenesis O -from O -a O -variety O -of O -substrates O -) O -were O -found O -to O -inhibit O -the O -conversion O -of O -methyl O -coenzyme O -M O -to O -methane O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphorus O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -studies O -of O -phosphorus B-Chemical -metabolites O -in O -frog O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -decrease O -in O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -observed O -in O -the O -resting O -muscle O -under O -anaerobic O -conditions O -with O -a O -concomitant O -decrease O -in O -the O -intracellular O -pH O -, O -while O -the O -ATP O -level O -remained O -constant O -. O - -aps B-category -Dietary O -control O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -dioxygenase O -in O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -optimum O -, O -substrate O -specificity O -, O -requirement O -of O -metal O -ions O -and O -essential O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -necessary O -for O -the O -catalytic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -results O -of O -chemical O -modification O -it O -was O -deduced O -that O -an O -amino B-Chemical -group O -and O -an O -imidazole O -group O -, O -at O -least O -, O -are O -involved O -in O -the O -active O -site O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -activated I-Chemical -neutral O -protease O -was O -purified O -2 O -, O -700 O -- O -fold O -over O -the O -crude O -extract O -from O -chicken O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -was O -determined O -to O -be O -240 O -, O -000 O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -contained O -a O -high O -proportion O -of O -acidic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -mannose O -, O -and O -the O -isoelectric O -point O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -pH O -4 O -. O -15 O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -interaction O -with O -rat O -liver O -dihydropteridine O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -procedures O -indicate O -that O -the O -dimeric O -enzyme O -has O -a O -definite O -preference O -for O -NADH O -, O -but O -binds O -only O -1 O -mol O -of O -this O -nucleotide B-Chemical -per O -mol O -of O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Mutants O -of O -Bacillus O -megaterium O -displaying O -malate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -driven I-Chemical -ATP O -synthesis O -resistant O -to O -uncouplers O -of O -oxidative O -posphorylation O -are O -further O -characterized O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -this O -inability O -to O -measure O -ATPase O -activity O -, O -the O -mutants O -demonstrate O -acid O -- O -pulse O -- O -driven O -ATPase O -synthesis O -which O -is O -sensitive O -to O -uncouplers O -as O -well O -as O -malate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -driven I-Chemical -ATP O -synthesis O -which O -becomes O -uncoupler O -sensitive O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -retention O -of O -malate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -driven I-Chemical -ATP O -synthesis O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -a O -significant O -pH O -gradient O -or O -electrical O -potential O -suggests O -that O -an O -alternative O -intermediate O -is O -involved O -in O -coupling O -oxidation O -to O -phosphorylation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -quaternary O -structure O -of O -the O -polymer O -is O -constituted O -of O -monomeric O -subunits O -in O -a O -non O -- O -covalent O -state O -of O -aggregation O -as O -demonstrated O -by O -its O -subunit O -dissociation O -inthe O -presence O -of O -propyl O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -By O -far O -, O -the O -main O -organic O -phosphate B-Chemical -component O -of O -the O -coelomic O -red O -cells O -is O -ATP O -accompanied O -by O -small O -amounts O -of O -ADP O -and O -GTP O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -rate O -- O -determining O -step O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidation O -in O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -a O -pyroglutamate O -aminopeptidase O -from O -rat O -serum O -that O -degrades O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -hormone O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -spectral O -probe O -near O -the O -subunit O -catalytic O -site O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -label O -phosphate B-Chemical -binding O -sites O -, O -unadenylylated O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -has O -been O -pyridoxylated O -by O -reacting O -the O -enzyme O -with O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -followed O -by O -reduction O -of O -the O -Schiff O -base O -with O -NaBH4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sites O -of O -pyridoxylation O -appear O -to O -have O -equal O -affinities O -for O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -and O -to O -be O -at O -the O -enzyme O -surface O -, O -freely O -accessible O -to O -solvent O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -feedback O -inhibitors O -, O -AMP O -, O -CTP O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -, O -and O -carbamyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -perturb O -protein O -- O -bound O -pyridoxamine O -- O -P O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -[ O -14C O -] O -methylamine O -distribution O -method O -was O -utilized O -to O -measure O -the O -internal O -pH O -of O -isolated O -serotonin B-Chemical -containing O -granules O -of O -pig O -blood O -platelets O -under O -varying O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anionic O -charge O -distribution O -in O -this O -process O -was O -examined O -at O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -surface O -of O -the O -endothelial O -cell O -, O -At O -pH O -1 O -. O -8 O -, O -colloidal O -iron B-Chemical -( O -CI O -) O -, O -native O -ferritin O -, O -and O -polycationic O -ferritin O -( O -PCF O -) O -are O -bound O -by O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -surface O -of O -the O -endothelial O -cell O -, O -but O -not O -at O -the O -sites O -of O -LCV O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -Relationship O -between O -the O -rate O -of O -H O -+ O -transport O -and O -pathways O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -by O -turtle O -urinary O -bladder O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -known O -that O -the O -H O -( O -+ O -) O -transport O -system O -is O -dependent O -upon O -oxidative O -metabolism O -and O -the O -substrate O -glucose B-Chemical -; O -however O -, O -the O -specific O -biochemical O -events O -resulting O -in O -H O -( O -+ O -) O -translocation O -have O -not O -been O -identified O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -H O -( O -+ O -) O -transport O -was O -inhibited O -by O -either O -the O -application O -of O -an O -opposing O -pH O -gradient O -or O -by O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -by O -the O -pentose B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -shunt O -declined O -. O - -aps B-category -Glycolytic O -activity O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -was O -invariant O -with O -the O -maneuvers O -which O -altered O -the O -rate O -of O -H O -( O -+ O -) O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -finding O -that O -the O -rate O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -by O -the O -pentose B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -shunt O -is O -related O -to O -the O -rate O -of O -H O -( O -+ O -) O -transport O -suggests O -but O -does O -not O -prove O -that O -the O -pentose B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -shunt O -may O -be O -an O -important O -metabolic O -pathway O -for O -H O -( O -+ O -) O -transport O -by O -the O -turtle O -urinary O -bladder O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -between O -the O -subcellular O -distribution O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -and O -tissue O -guanosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -monophosphate O -( O -cGMP B-Chemical -) O -levels O -was O -investigated O -in O -rat O -testes O -after O -surgically O -induced O -unilateral O -cryptorchidism O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -analysis O -of O -the O -soluble O -enzyme O -prepared O -from O -abdominal O -and O -scrotal O -testes O -yielded O -linear O -Line O -- O -weaver O -- O -Burke O -plots O -for O -both O -enzyme O -preparations O -with O -an O -identical O -K O -( O -m O -) O -for O -guanosine B-Chemical -triphosphate O -, O -but O -a O -three O -- O -fold O -higher O -maximal O -velocity O -for O -the O -abdominal O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -scrotal O -and O -abdominal O -testes O -revealed O -that O -the O -abdominal O -testis O -exhibited O -enhanced O -cGMP B-Chemical -immunofluorescence O -within O -the O -cells O -lining O -the O -inner O -aspect O -of O -the O -seminiferous O -tubule O -as O -well O -as O -tubular O -elements O -and O -interstitial O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -llamas O -: O -adaptation O -to O -altitude O -in O -subjects O -with O -high O -hemoglobin O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -striking O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -normal O -subjects O -, O -at O -moderately O -high O -altitude O -( O -3 O -, O -100 O -m O -) O -the O -high O -affinity O -subjects O -manifested O -: O -( O -a O -) O -lesser O -increments O -in O -resting O -heart O -rate O -; O -( O -b O -) O -minimal O -increases O -in O -plasma O -and O -urinary O -erythropoietin O -; O -( O -c O -) O -no O -decrement O -in O -maximal O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -; O -and O -( O -d O -) O -no O -thrombocytopenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -rat O -lungs O -were O -ventilated O -with O -air O -and O -perfused O -with O -a O -blood O -- O -free O -Krebs O -- O -Ringer O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -solution O -under O -conditions O -of O -net O -CO2 O -elimination O -in O -the O -lung O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -properties O -of O -5alpha O -- O -reductase O -have O -been O -compared O -in O -genital O -skin O -fibroblasts O -cultured O -from O -five O -patients O -from O -three O -families O -( O -Los O -Angeles O -, O -Dallas O -, O -and O -Dominican O -Republic O -) O -in O -which O -hereditary O -male O -pseudohermaphroditism O -has O -been O -established O -to O -result O -from O -deficient O -conversion O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -to O -dihydrotestosterone O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -enzyme O -is O -not O -protected O -against O -denaturation O -at O -45 O -degrees O -C O -by O -concentrations O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -that O -stabilize O -normal O -5alpha O -- O -reductase O -, O -and O -in O -intact O -fibroblasts O -from O -these O -patients O -( O -but O -not O -from O -controls O -) O -, O -enzyme O -activity O -decreases O -promptly O -when O -protein O -synthesis O -is O -inhibited O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -the O -mutations O -in O -the O -Dallas O -and O -Dominican O -Republic O -families O -are O -similar O -and O -result O -in O -low O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -as O -the O -result O -of O -a O -decreased O -affinity O -for O -testosterone B-Chemical -. O -Thus O -, O -two O -distinct O -types O -of O -mutations O -can O -produce O -male O -pseudohermaphroditism O -due O -to O -deficient O -dihydrotestosterone O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -Single O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -mg O -doses O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -tablets O -and O -15 O -- O -mg O -doses O -of O -clorazepate O -were O -administered O -in O -the O -fasting O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -weight O -- O -normalized O -area O -under O -the O -24 O -- O -hour O -plasma O -digoxin B-Chemical -concentration O -curve O -( O -WtN O -- O -AUC O -- O -24 O -) O -in O -the O -patients O -( O -722 O -+ O -/ O -- O -40 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -- O -hr O -- O -kg O -) O -was O -similar O -to O -that O -in O -five O -normal O -controls O -( O -713 O -+ O -/ O -- O -57 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -- O -hr O -- O -kg O -) O -, O -but O -24 O -- O -hour O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -in O -patients O -( O -54 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -4 O -microgram O -) O -was O -significantly O -less O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -025 O -) O -than O -in O -controls O -( O -83 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -11 O -. O -4 O -microgram O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -30 O -- O -min O -free O -- O -operant O -tests O -, O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -blockers O -pimozide O -( O -. O -125 O -, O -. O -25 O -, O -and O -. O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -butaclamol O -( O -. O -1 O -, O -. O -2 O -, O -and O -. O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -attenuated O -lever O -pressing O -for O -lateral O -hypothalamic O -brain O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -sensitivity O -to O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -of O -regulatory O -functions O -that O -determine O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -antibody O -response O -to O -type O -III O -pneumococcal O -polysaccharide O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -work O -, O -we O -have O -evaluated O -the O -effect O -of O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -on O -three O -different O -immunoregulatory O -functions O -that O -can O -influence O -the O -magnitude O -of O -an O -antibody O -response O -to O -Type O -III O -pneumococcal O -polysaccharide O -( O -SSS O -- O -III O -) O -in O -mice O -; O -these O -functions O -include O -suppressor O -, O -amplifier O -, O -and O -helper O -activity O -that O -are O -dependent O -upon O -the O -presence O -of O -distinct O -subpopulations O -of O -thymus O -- O -derived O -( O -T O -) O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -But O -, O -under O -the O -same O -experimental O -conditions O -, O -suppressor O -and O -amplifier O -T O -cell O -activities O -were O -unaffected O -, O -even O -in O -this O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Age O -- O -related O -changes O -in O -triglyceride B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Triglyceride O -formation O -was O -measured O -in O -vitro O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -glycerol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -palmitate O -, O -ATP O -, O -CoA O -, O -and O -Mg2 O -+ O -by O -using O -liver O -homogenates O -and O -microsomal O -fractions O -derived O -from O -various O -age O -groups O -of O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -changes O -in O -plasma O -and O -hepatic O -triglyceride B-Chemical -concentrations O -, O -were O -also O -determined O -as O -functions O -of O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -R O -- O -factor O -mediated O -dihydrofolate O -reductases O -which O -confer O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -resistance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -dihydrofolate O -reductases O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -5 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -) O -from O -strains O -containing O -these O -R O -- O -factors O -were O -purified O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -precipitation O -and O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -ion O -- O -exchange O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Efficiency O -of O -the O -reaction O -is O -low O -since O -the O -rate O -of O -incorporation O -was O -equal O -to O -3 O -to O -5 O -pmol O -of O -uridine B-Chemical -per O -hour O -, O -per O -mg O -of O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Increase O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -production O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -by O -L929 O -cells O -induced O -with O -polyriboinosinate O -- O -polyribocytidylate O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -Higher O -concentrations O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -( O -20 O -to O -65 O -mM O -) O -mixed O -with O -rIn O -: O -rCn O -were O -associated O -with O -increased O -cytotoxicity O -and O -a O -more O -acidic O -medium O -, O -but O -were O -effective O -in O -enhancing O -interferon B-Chemical -production O -if O -preparations O -were O -adjusted O -to O -a O -uniform O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -chronic O -renal O -disease O -had O -low O -plasma O -total O -tryptophan B-Chemical -but O -an O -abnormally O -high O -proportion O -of O -this O -was O -in O -the O -free O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -CSF O -tryptophan B-Chemical -correlated O -better O -with O -plasma O -free O -than O -with O -plasma O -total O -tryptophan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -investigations O -of O -the O -influence O -of O -various O -naloxone B-Chemical -doses O -on O -the O -newborn O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -wetting O -of O -powders O -of O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -salicylic O -acid O -, O -phenacetin B-Chemical -and O -paracetamol B-Chemical -has O -been O -assessed O -using O -methanol O -- O -- O -water O -mixtures O -to O -give O -a O -range O -of O -surface O -tensions O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -correlation O -in O -11 O -different O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -benzodiazepinones O -has O -been O -established O -between O -log O -k2 O -( O -the O -second O -order O -rate O -constant O -for O -the O -reduction O -of O -the O -" O -azepinones O -" O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -borohydride O -) O -and O -their O -ED50 O -against O -leptazol O -- O -induced O -seizures O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antidepressant B-Chemical -drug O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -and O -two O -of O -its O -metabolites O -, O -nortriptyline B-Chemical -and O -desmethylnortriptyline O -, O -each O -containing O -two O -13C O -atoms O -, O -have O -been O -used O -to O -determine O -the O -sensitivity O -and O -selectivity O -of O -13C O -- O -nmr O -spectroscopy O -for O -the O -detection O -of O -unchanged O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -and O -N O -- O -desmethyl O -metabolites O -in O -the O -urine O -of O -animals O -dosed O -orally O -with O -the O -labelled O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -between O -spontaneously O -beating O -atria O -from O -control O -and O -streptozocin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diabetic I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Diabetic O -atria O -were O -found O -to O -have O -reduced O -rates O -, O -increased O -forces O -of O -contraction O -and O -reduced O -sensitivity O -to O -the O -inotropic O -effects O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -tyramine O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Elevation O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -medium O -from O -5 O -. O -6 O -to O -27 O -mM O -resulted O -in O -decrease O -of O -inotropic O -sensitivity O -to O -the O -agents O -used O -in O -both O -control O -and O -diabetic O -rat O -atria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -some O -analgesic O -and O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -on O -the O -spasmogenic O -actions O -of O -substance O -P O -on O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -inhibits O -the O -disappearance O -of O -acidic O -dopamine B-Chemical -metabolites O -from O -rat O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -on O -the O -activity O -of O -11beta O -- O -hydroxysteroid O -dehydrogenase O -in O -the O -foetal O -rabbit O -lung O -during O -the O -final O -stage O -of O -gestation O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -on O -non O -- O -adrenergic O -inhibitory O -responses O -of O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -taenia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Action O -of O -chloroquine B-Chemical -on O -pleurisy O -due O -to O -Bordetella O -pertussis O -hypersensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -on O -the O -microsomal O -lipid O -peroxidation O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -soluble O -fraction O -of O -rat O -liver O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -intramolecular O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bond O -in O -the O -monocation O -is O -not O -spectroscopically O -visible O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -on O -the O -solubility O -of O -naproxen B-Chemical -and O -its O -salts O -were O -in O -excellent O -agreement O -with O -the O -theoretical O -profiles O -describing O -the O -relationship O -between O -pH O -values O -of O -the O -solutions O -and O -the O -dissociation O -constant O -of O -the O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -new O -compound O -antagonized O -the O -cardiovascular O -effects O -, O -such O -as O -positive O -chronotropic O -, O -positive O -inotropic O -, O -or O -depressor O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -responses O -, O -elicited O -by O -intravenous O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -; O -it O -was O -9 O -- O -- O -14 O -times O -as O -potent O -as O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -anesthetized O -open O -chest O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -about O -five O -times O -as O -potent O -as O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -this O -test O -, O -with O -maximal O -action O -after O -1 O -hr O -, O -and O -its O -duration O -was O -significantly O -longer O -than O -that O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rapid O -, O -sensitive O -, O -and O -specific O -method O -of O -analysis O -for O -atenolol B-Chemical -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Atenolol O -and O -metoprolol B-Chemical -are O -extracted O -into O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -butanol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzene I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -ATPase O -dependent O -, O -radiosensitive O -acidic O -microclimate O -essential O -for O -intestinal O -folate B-Chemical -absorption O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -folate B-Chemical -transport O -which O -occurred O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -0 O -was O -not O -adversely O -affected O -by O -whole O -body O -irradiation O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -could O -hydrolyse O -solution O -phase O -ATP O -and O -thus O -generate O -the O -protons O -necessary O -for O -the O -acidification O -of O -a O -microenvironment O -where O -passive O -uptake O -of O -the O -neutral O -folate B-Chemical -species O -could O -occur O -. O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -Na O -azide O -did O -not O -inhibit O -folate B-Chemical -transport O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -0 O -, O -suggesting O -that O -its O -inhibition O -of O -folate B-Chemical -uptake O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -is O -related O -to O -its O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -ATPase O -, O -rather O -than O -on O -folate B-Chemical -transport O -per O -se O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -series O -of O -hexahydro O -[ O -1 O -, O -4 O -] O -oxazino O -[ O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -a O -] O -isoquinolines O -as O -potential O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -few O -closely O -related O -amides O -of O -the O -trans O -series O -were O -active O -but O -cis O -amides O -were O -inactive O -as O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -ATN O -( O -2 O -micron O -) O -was O -found O -to O -be O -inactive O -in O -these O -experiments O -which O -shows O -the O -importance O -of O -the O -catechol B-Chemical -function O -in O -this O -uptake O -- O -- O -release O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biodistribution O -in O -rats O -, O -determined O -at O -15 O -and O -60 O -min O -postinjection O -, O -indicated O -that O -the O -radioiodinated O -analogues O -of O -the O -cardioselective O -drugs O -practolol O -and O -acebutolol O -localized O -to O -a O -greater O -degree O -in O -the O -liver O -and O -heart O -than O -the O -analogue O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -synthesized O -2 O -' O -( O -3 O -' O -) O -- O -O O -- O -( O -glycyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- O -( O -O O -- O -methylphosphate O -) O -, O -an O -analogue O -of O -the O -3 O -' O -- O -terminus O -of O -aminoacylated O -tRNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -the O -same O -conditions O -, O -glycine B-Chemical -ethyl O -ester O -reacts O -much O -more O -slowly O -, O -but O -ultimately O -gives O -similar O -yields O -of O -diglycine O -and O -diketopiperazine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -induced O -reactivity O -was O -inhibited O -by O -the O -muscarinic O -cholinergic O -antagonists O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -scopolamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -isopropamide O -, O -but O -not O -by O -the O -nicotinic O -antagonist O -d O -- O -tubocurare O -, O -and O -it O -appeared O -to O -involve O -both O -T O -- O -cell O -and O -non O -- O -T O -- O -cell O -effectors O -. O - -aps B-category -MDHV O -- O -B O -was O -resistant O -to O -trypsin O -under O -conditions O -where O -MDHV O -- O -A O -was O -sensitive O -, O -but O -was O -similar O -to O -MDHV O -- O -A O -in O -resistance O -to O -pH O -2 O -. O -0 O -and O -to O -1 O -. O -0 O -or O -2 O -. O -0 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -and O -0 O -. O -05 O -% O -Brij O -35 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -isoelectric O -point O -difference O -of O -greater O -than O -2 O -pH O -units O -makes O -isoelectric O -focusing O -an O -effective O -means O -of O -purifying O -the O -antigens O -free O -of O -one O -another O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -less O -phosphorylated O -NS1 O -species O -contained O -about O -10 O -% O -fewer O -phosphate B-Chemical -residues O -than O -the O -second O -species O -, O -NS2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Antisecretory O -effect O -of O -imidazole O -and O -its O -derivatives O -in O -an O -isolated O -gastric O -mucosa O -preparation O -and O -an O -anesthetized O -young O -chicken O -preparation O -; O -comparison O -with O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulatory O -action O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -or O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -was O -also O -remarkably O -depressed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -imidazole O -( O -3 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -g O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Imidazole O -protected O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -sensitivity O -against O -dibenamine O -blockade O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -5 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -g O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -imidazole O -derivatives O -and O -several O -antagonists O -( O -metiamide O -, O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -, O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -and O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dinitrophenol O -) O -on O -acid O -production O -were O -compared O -with O -that O -of O -imidazole O -. O - -aps B-category -Nonspecific O -relaxation O -of O -intestinal O -smooth O -muscle O -induced O -by O -antispasmodics O -and O -movement O -of O -Calcium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximizing O -phosphate B-Chemical -capacity O -of O -aluminum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -based I-Chemical -gels O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspirin B-Chemical -and O -the O -gastric O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -human O -fibroblast O -cell O -line O -WI O -- O -38 O -shows O -a O -gradual O -decline O -in O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -specific O -activity O -with O -increasing O -age O -in O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -possible O -explanation O -for O -these O -observations O -is O -that O -alterations O -in O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -molecule O -occur O -with O -increasing O -age O -of O -WI O -- O -38 O -cells O -in O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Cholesterol B-Chemical -pneumonia O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -receptors O -and O -cyclic O -AMP O -formation O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -: O -effects O -of O -tetrahydroisoquinoline O -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -assessment O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -Correlation O -between O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -haloperidol I-Chemical -binding O -in O -the O -striatum O -and O -brain O -amine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -the O -rat O -after O -treatment O -with O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -between O -the O -conformation O -of O -dexclamol O -and O -the O -tricyclic O -and O -butyrophenone O -type O -dopamine B-Chemical -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Tolerance O -to O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activation O -in O -n O -. O -accumbens O -and O -c O -. O -striatum O -after O -repeated O -injections O -of O -" O -classical O -" O -and O -" O -atypical O -" O -antischizophrenic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -dopaminergic O -agonists O -and O -antagonists O -on O -cerebellar O -guanosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cGMP B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -on O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -haloperidol I-Chemical -and O -3H O -- O -cis O -( O -Z O -) O -- O -flupenthixol O -binding O -and O -on O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -labeling O -of O -pre O -- O -synaptic O -receptors O -by O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopamine I-Chemical -, O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -apomorphine I-Chemical -and O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -clonidine I-Chemical -; O -labeling O -of O -post O -- O -synaptic O -sites O -by O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -neuroleptics I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -anti O -- O -psychotic O -drugs O -on O -pituitary O -, O -striatal O -and O -limbic O -system O -post O -- O -synaptic O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -chronic O -treatment O -with O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -on O -the O -content O -of O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -guanosine B-Chemical -monophosphate O -in O -cerebellar O -cortex O -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -induction O -of O -deciduoma O -by O -acute O -administration O -of O -antibody O -to O -progesterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -multienzyme O -complex O -of O -carbamoyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthase O -( O -glutamine B-Chemical -) O -: O -aspartate B-Chemical -carbamoyltransferase O -: O -dihydoorotase O -( O -rat O -ascites O -hepatoma O -cells O -and O -rat O -liver O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Carriers O -of O -Types O -6A O -and O -19A O -penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -pneumococci O -, O -resistant O -to O -antibiotic O -concentrations O -ranging O -between O -0 O -. O -12 O -and O -4 O -microgram O -per O -milliliter O -were O -found O -in O -29 O -per O -cent O -of O -543 O -pediatric O -patients O -and O -2 O -per O -cent O -of O -434 O -hospital O -staff O -members O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolates O -from O -40 O -other O -carriers O -were O -resistant O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -alone O -or O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -and O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -or O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -, O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -and O -tetracycline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Polygalacturonase O -, O -biomass O -, O -and O -ascospore O -production O -by O -four O -strains O -of O -Byssochlamys O -fulva O -cultured O -in O -laboratory O -media O -supplemented O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -or O -fructose O -was O -studied O -over O -a O -20 O -- O -day O -incubation O -period O -at O -30 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -production O -of O -polygalacturonase O -was O -variable O -, O -but O -most O -activity O -was O -detected O -between O -4 O -and O -8 O -days O -in O -1 O -% O -sugar O -media O -at O -an O -initial O -pH O -of O -4 O -or O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Soluble O -bovine O -adrenal O -cortex O -guanylate O -cyclase O -: O -effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -, O -nitrosamines O -, O -and O -hydrophobic O -ligands O -on O -activity O -, O -substrate O -specificity O -and O -cation O -requirement O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Neuroleptics B-Chemical -with O -prolonged O -action O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -present O -, O -there O -are O -several O -long O -- O -acting O -derivatives O -of O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -, O -e O -. O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -perphenazine O -, O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -and O -pipothiazine O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -dopaminergic O -systems O -in O -tolerance O -to O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -food O -consumption O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -on O -the O -binding O -of O -met O -- O -enkephalin O -, O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -dihydromorphine O -to O -synaptosome O -- O -enriched O -fractions O -of O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Turnover O -rates O -of O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -substantia O -nigra O -, O -N O -. O -caudatus O -, O -globus O -pallidus O -and O -N O -. O -accumbens O -of O -rats O -injected O -with O -cataleptogenic O -and O -non O -- O -cataleptogenic O -antipsychotics O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Study O -of O -the O -antispastic O -activity O -of O -prifinium O -bromide B-Chemical -in O -motor O -dysfunction O -of O -the O -esophagus O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Bone O -marrow O -transplantation O -in O -a O -case O -of O -severe O -combined O -immunodeficiency O -with O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -deficiency O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -smooth O -muscles O -were O -particularly O -sensitive O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -majority O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -receptors O -seemed O -to O -be O -the O -D O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -very O -likely O -that O -, O -in O -the O -lymphatics O -, O -there O -were O -2 O -kinds O -of O -receptors O -for O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decreasing O -order O -of O -the O -relaxant O -responses O -was O -as O -follows O -: O -ISP O -greater O -than O -adenosine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -ATP O -greater O -than O -ADP O -greater O -cyclic O -AMP O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -fetal O -blood O -in O -rabbits O -is O -due O -to O -a O -very O -low O -concentration O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -( O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -) O -in O -the O -red O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -in O -a O -solution O -containing O -inosine O -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -the O -amount O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -synthetized O -in O -fetal O -red O -cells O -was O -only O -40 O -% O -of O -the O -adult O -value O -and O -3 O -- O -PGA O -was O -not O -measurable O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -higher O -activity O -of O -PK O -will O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -decreased O -concentration O -of O -3 O -- O -PGA O -with O -a O -consecutive O -fall O -in O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -same O -holds O -for O -extraerythrocytic O -factors O -like O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -or O -pH O -value O -in O -fetal O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -factor O -is O -critically O -dependent O -on O -the O -ratio O -of O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -change O -in O -extracellular O -brain O -fluid O -to O -that O -in O -arterial O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -Correlation O -of O -the O -biological O -activity O -and O -solution O -conformation O -of O -[ O -Asp1 O -, O -Ile5 O -] O -- O -and O -[ O -Phe4 O -, O -Tyr8 O -] O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -shown O -by O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -13 I-Chemical -NMR O -that O -the O -conformational O -transition O -involves O -all O -- O -trans O -to O -partly O -cis O -isomerization O -of O -the O -His6 O -- O -Pro7 O -peptide O -bond O -. O - -aps B-category -Isomerization O -from O -all O -- O -trans O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -to O -approximately O -16 O -% O -cis O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -in O -the O -competitive O -inhibitor O -[ O -Phe4 O -, O -Tyr8 O -] O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -is O -correlated O -with O -exhibition O -of O -virtually O -no O -agonist O -activity O -at O -low O -pH O -to O -full O -agonist O -activity O -at O -high O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -a O -transmembrane O -pH O -gradient O -in O -epinephrine B-Chemical -transport O -by O -chromaffin O -granule O -membrane O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -an O -artificially O -imposed O -pH O -gradient O -( O -interior O -acid O -) O -is O -able O -to O -drive O -this O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -transport O -system O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -provide O -a O -strong O -indication O -that O -a O -pH O -gradient O -( O -interior O -acid O -) O -is O -the O -immediate O -driving O -force O -for O -epinephrine B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -these O -storage O -granules O -and O -suggest O -that O -ATP O -- O -driven O -epinephrine B-Chemical -transport O -is O -the O -result O -of O -two O -processes O -: O -( O -i O -) O -generation O -of O -a O -proton O -electrochemical O -gradient O -( O -interior O -acid O -and O -positive O -) O -by O -the O -membrane O -- O -bound O -, O -proton O -- O -translocating O -ATPase O -; O -and O -( O -ii O -) O -pH O -gradient O -- O -driven O -accumulation O -of O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Intracellular O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -the O -regulation O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -transport O -in O -the O -frog O -skin O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -on O -three O -organ O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -puromycin O -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activation O -in O -the O -vas O -deferens O -following O -nerve O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Potentiation O -by O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agents O -of O -the O -inhibitory O -action O -of O -intraperitoneally O -administered O -GABA B-Chemical -on O -the O -locomotor O -activity O -of O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -thioridazine B-Chemical -, O -and O -clozapine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -the O -apparently O -selective O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -- O -blocking O -agent O -spiperone B-Chemical -, O -were O -found O -to O -possess O -such O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -blockade O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -as O -well O -as O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -may O -be O -responsible O -for O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -potentiation O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -actions O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -action O -is O -only O -partially O -antagonized O -after O -catecholamine B-Chemical -depletion O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -a B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -para I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -, O -and O -fully O -blocked O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -a O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -blocker O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -corticosterone B-Chemical -on O -the O -development O -and O -display O -of O -androgen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -aggressive O -behavior O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -constant O -for O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -prostacyclin B-Chemical -( O -PGI2 B-Chemical -) O -to O -6 O -- O -keto O -- O -PGF1alpha O -was O -measured O -by O -monitoring O -the O -UV O -spectral O -change O -, O -over O -a O -pH O -range O -6 O -to O -10 O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -and O -the O -total O -ionic O -strength O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -M O -. O -The O -first O -- O -order O -rate O -constant O -( O -kdegreesobs O -) O -extrapolated O -to O -zero O -buffer O -concentration O -follows O -an O -expression O -, O -kdegreesobs O -= O -kH O -+ O -( O -H O -+ O -) O -, O -where O -kH O -+ O -is O -a O -second O -- O -order O -rate O -constant O -for O -the O -specific O -acid O -catalyzed O -hydrolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -apparent O -activation O -energy O -( O -Ea O -) O -of O -11 O -. O -85 O -Kcal O -/ O -mole O -was O -obtained O -for O -the O -hydrolysis O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -48 O -, O -from O -which O -a O -half O -- O -life O -of O -PGI2 B-Chemical -at O -4 O -degrees O -C O -was O -estimated O -to O -be O -approximately O -14 O -. O -5 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Retained O -inhibition O -of O -the O -beta O -receptor O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -after O -preincubation O -and O -washout O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -on O -human O -blood O -cholinesterase O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Flurazepam O -, O -temazepam B-Chemical -, O -lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -had O -an O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -plasma O -cholinesterase O -of O -60 O -- O -- O -90 O -per O -cent O -and O -, O -with O -the O -exception O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -an O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -40 O -- O -- O -50 O -per O -cent O -on O -red O -cell O -cholinesterase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -writers O -present O -some O -physiological O -( O -and O -not O -therapeutic O -) O -acute O -and O -sub O -- O -acute O -trials O -with O -tripeptide O -: O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -amide O -( O -M O -. O -I O -. O -F O -. O -- O -I O -) O -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -Disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Hematologic O -investigations O -were O -carried O -out O -in O -50 O -patients O -with O -various O -forms O -of O -epilepsy O -, O -aged O -20 O -to O -50 O -years O -, O -who O -had O -been O -treated O -for O -different O -periods O -of O -time O -with O -antiepileptic O -and O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -such O -as O -primidon O -, O -luminal B-Chemical -and O -prasine O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Neuroleptics B-Chemical -and O -sexual O -dysfunction O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -central O -antidopaminergic O -effect O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -would O -be O -responsible O -for O -an O -overall O -non O -- O -specific O -decrease O -in O -libido O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Histamine B-Chemical -H O -- O -2 O -receptor O -antagonists O -and O -medical O -treatment O -of O -Zollinger O -- O -Ellison O -syndrome O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tensions O -( O -PaO2 O -) O -were O -significantly O -lower O -in O -the O -Black O -and O -Indian O -groups O -compared O -with O -their O -White O -counterparts O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -, O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Antacid O -properties O -of O -a O -sodium B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -preparation O -was O -administered O -in O -the O -12 O -- O -g O -single O -dose O -the O -gastric O -pH O -level O -was O -raised O -above O -3 O -, O -0 O -in O -a O -significant O -number O -of O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Preparation O -of O -human O -leukocyte O -interferon B-Chemical -for O -clinical O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Leukocyte O -interferon B-Chemical -, O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -seems O -to O -be O -more O -stable O -even O -when O -highly O -purified O -; O -however O -, O -losses O -in O -activity O -can O -occur O -in O -very O -dilute O -solutions O -containing O -low O -concentrations O -of O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Antitumor O -action O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -: O -animal O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -a O -slice O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -bilirubinate O -stone O -was O -incubated O -in O -a O -solution O -of O -tetrasodium O -salt B-Chemical -of O -ethylendiamine O -- O -tetraacetic O -acid O -( O -EDTA O -. O -4Na O -) O -, O -a O -potent O -chelating O -agent O -, O -the O -solution O -exhibited O -a O -yellow O -brown O -tint O -, O -which O -was O -spectroscopically O -characteristic O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneous O -application O -of O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -enhanced O -the O -activity O -of O -EDTA O -. O -4Na O -, O -hydrophilizing O -the O -gallstone O -surface O -to O -facilitate O -chelating O -reaction O -and O -also O -dissolving O -minor O -fatty O -components O -of O -the O -stone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -composite O -EDTA O -. O -4Na B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bile I-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -heparin I-Chemical -was O -thus O -significantly O -greater O -than O -that O -of O -single O -EDTA O -. O -4Na O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -solubilization O -of O -peroxisomal O -membrane O -by O -0 O -. O -2 O -% O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -, O -the O -remaining O -core O -contained O -about O -50 O -% O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -activity O -, O -and O -had O -1 O -. O -28 O -- O -- O -1 O -. O -30 O -g O -/ O -cm3 O -density O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Clinical O -course O -of O -Kulenkampff O -- O -Tarnow O -syndrome O -after O -treatment O -of O -schizophrenia O -with O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Dogs O -absorbed O -[ O -14C O -] O -nadolol B-Chemical -almost O -completely O -( O -88 O -- O -- O -104 O -% O -) O -after O -oral O -administration O -of O -10 O -- O -- O -75 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rats O -, O -[ O -14C O -] O -nadolol B-Chemical -was O -orally O -absorbed O -to O -an O -average O -of O -13 O -. O -7 O -- O -- O -17 O -. O -5 O -% O -, O -whether O -given O -in O -suspension O -or O -in O -solution O -, O -indicating O -that O -absorption O -was O -not O -limited O -by O -rate O -of O -dissolution O -nor O -by O -solubility O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -a O -monokaryon O -of O -Coprinus O -cinereus O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Iron B-Chemical -oxidizing O -rod O -- O -shaped O -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -law O -is O -Initial O -rate O -= O -e O -[ O -DMA O -] O -0 O -[ O -nitrite B-Chemical -] O -2 O -0 O -[ O -H O -+ O -] O -/ O -( O -f O -+ O -[ O -H O -+ O -] O -) O -2 O -where O -[ O -DMA O -] O -0 O -and O -[ O -nitrite B-Chemical -] O -0 O -represent O -initial O -stoichiometric O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Aconitase O -and O -NAD O -linked O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -were O -present O -in O -Ascaris O -lumbricoides O -muscle O -at O -only O -very O -low O -activities O -, O -whilst O -there O -were O -significant O -levels O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -, O -NADP O -linked O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -, O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -dehydrogenase O -and O -succinic O -thiokinase O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparative O -characteristics O -of O -the O -free O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -content O -in O -a O -pediatric O -sour O -milk O -product O -with O -an O -increased O -biological O -value O -and O -in O -biolact O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -urea B-Chemical -additions O -on O -maize O -silage O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -0 O -. O -25 O -to O -0 O -. O -50 O -% O -or O -urea B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -the O -production O -of O -high O -quality O -silage O -with O -pleasant O -small O -and O -high O -nutritive O -value O -, O -as O -confirmed O -by O -the O -various O -microbiological O -and O -chemical O -analyses O -conducted O -. O - -aps B-category -Cathepsin O -B O -and O -collagenolytic O -cathepsin O -were O -obtained O -from O -bovine O -spleen O -and O -human O -placenta O -and O -identified O -as O -thiol B-Chemical -proteinases O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -post O -- O -natal O -rise O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -of O -cryptorchid O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -10 O -to O -89 O -days O -after O -birth O -, O -the O -post O -- O -natal O -testosterone B-Chemical -rise O -was O -significantly O -lower O -in O -the O -18 O -infants O -who O -remained O -cryptorchid O -at O -4 O -months O -than O -in O -the O -13 O -who O -underwent O -spontaneous O -testicular O -descensus O -and O -in O -the O -normal O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -testicular O -tissue O -pieces O -were O -incubated O -with O -different O -doses O -of O -HCG O -or O -dibutyryl O -cAMP B-Chemical -and O -testosterone B-Chemical -production O -was O -measured O -, O -identical O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -for O -old O -and O -young O -tissue O -were O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Influence O -of O -blood O -pH O -and O -intracellular O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -concentration O -on O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -a O -sedative O -dose O -of O -" O -lytic O -cocktail O -" O -( O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -promethazine B-Chemical -and O -pethidine B-Chemical -) O -on O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -( O -CBF O -) O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumjtion O -( O -CMRO2 O -) O -was O -tested O -in O -artificially O -ventilated O -rats O -, O -maintained O -on O -either O -70 O -% O -N2 O -or O -70 O -% O -N2O O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fundamental O -cause O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -sensitivity O -of O -metal O -- O -metal O -oxide O -electrodes O -were O -examined O -and O -three O -approaches O -for O -its O -suppression O -were O -proposed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -sensitivity O -also O -was O -observed O -to O -diminished O -by O -grinding O -the O -metal O -- O -metal O -oxide O -and O -pressing O -it O -under O -high O -pressure O -into O -a O -pellet O -electrode O -. O - -aps B-category -Glass O -pH O -and O -silver B-Chemical -reference O -electrodes O -were O -used O -at O -44 O -- O -- O -45 O -degrees O -C O -, O -with O -either O -circulating O -water O -and O -a O -copper B-Chemical -jacket O -, O -or O -with O -internal O -electrical O -heating O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -on O -fetal O -oxygenation O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -directly O -to O -the O -fetus O -elicited O -similar O -changes O -in O -the O -composition O -of O -blood O -, O -and O -in O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -, O -to O -those O -observed O -after O -administration O -of O -the O -agent O -to O -the O -mother O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -two O -eyes O -from O -19 O -patients O -with O -either O -capsular O -glaucoma O -, O -pigmentary O -glaucoma O -or O -primary O -open O -angle O -glaucoma O -were O -given O -topical O -timolol B-Chemical -and O -followed O -through O -a O -3 O -- O -- O -6 O -months O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -of O -these O -eyes O -could O -be O -adequately O -controlled O -throughout O -the O -follow O -- O -up O -period O -on O -topical O -timolol B-Chemical -or O -a O -combination O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -and O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -, O -but O -without O -resorting O -to O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Twelve O -eyes O -were O -adequately O -controlled O -either O -on O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -or O -full O -medication O -, O -but O -could O -be O -equally O -well O -controlled O -on O -timolol B-Chemical -alone O -, O -or O -timolol B-Chemical -and O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -in O -combination O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -could O -all O -be O -adequately O -controlled O -either O -on O -timolol B-Chemical -( O -5 O -eyes O -) O -or O -timolol B-Chemical -and O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -eyes O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Topical O -timolol B-Chemical -was O -well O -tolerated O -. O - -aps B-category -Microcalorimetric O -study O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -cephalexin B-Chemical -and O -cephaloridin O -on O -Escherichia O -coli O -and O -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -cephalexin B-Chemical -, O -2 O -. O -5 O -microgram O -ml O -- O -1 O -( O -5 O -x O -MIC O -) O -, O -to O -cultures O -of O -S O -. O -aureus O -caused O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -heat O -production O -which O -was O -only O -roughly O -correlated O -with O -the O -number O -of O -CFU O -ml O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -ampoule O -calorimetric O -experiments O -, O -E O -. O -coli O -was O -cultured O -in O -a O -non O -- O -aerated O -, O -sealed O -growth O -vessel O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -cephalexin B-Chemical -or O -cephaloridin O -in O -concentrations O -corresponding O -to O -1 O -/ O -2 O -x O -MIC O -. O - -aps B-category -Ca O -uptake O -by O -microsomes O -isolated O -from O -non O -- O -pregnant O -rabbit O -myometrium O -was O -potentiated O -by O -both O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -Pi O -) O -and O -oxalate O -anions O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -part O -of O -Ca O -accumulated O -additionally O -under O -the O -influence O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -could O -be O -removed O -by O -washing O -microsomes O -with O -KCl O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -Ca O -is O -taken O -up O -by O -a O -different O -mechanism O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -oxalate O -than O -that O -in O -its O -absence O -or O -when O -oxalate O -anion O -is O -substituted O -with O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypnotic O -effect O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -( O -Ro O -5 O -- O -4200 O -) O -, O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -and O -a O -placebo O -was O -studied O -in O -117 O -outpatients O -using O -hypnotics O -for O -at O -least O -3 O -months O -prior O -to O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -self O -- O -ratings O -had O -a O -good O -reliability O -and O -showed O -that O -more O -patients O -experienced O -shorter O -sleep O -induction O -, O -longer O -sleep O -time O -, O -better O -sleep O -quality O -and O -a O -subjective O -feeling O -of O -having O -had O -a O -better O -rest O -with O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -than O -with O -either O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -or O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -patients O -who O -increased O -the O -dose O -after O -1 O -week O -' O -s O -medication O -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -number O -of O -drop O -- O -outs O -, O -was O -significantly O -higher O -in O -the O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -and O -placebo O -groups O -than O -in O -the O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymatic O -conversion O -of O -azathioprine B-Chemical -to O -6 O -- O -mercaptopurine O -was O -detected O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -with O -rat O -liver O -supernatants O -, O -although O -the O -non O -- O -enzymatic O -reaction O -predominated O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -and O -7 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -may O -explain O -an O -ineffectiveness O -of O -azathioprine B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -severe O -hepatic O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -receptors O -for O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -it O -is O -strongly O -suggested O -that O -GABA B-Chemical -is O -the O -transmitter O -for O -the O -strionigral O -and O -striopallidal O -efferent O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -GABA B-Chemical -may O -modulate O -dopamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -the O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -Adaptational O -phenomena O -in O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -mechanisms O -: O -behavioral O -and O -electrophysiological O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidative O -activation O -of O -guinea O -pig O -splenic O -cell O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -by O -dehydroascorbate O -, O -ascorbate O -, O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -hydroperoxides O -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -endoperoxides O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -the O -conversion O -of O -the O -ether B-Chemical -to O -the O -enol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ether I-Chemical -bond O -of O -the O -1 O -- O -alkyl O -moiety O -by O -the O -neuronal O -and O -glial O -desaturase O -system O -requires O -unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -at O -the O -2 O -position O -of O -the O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Antiviral O -activity O -of O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Purified O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -protein I-Chemical -complex O -( O -LPS O -- O -PC O -) O -extracted O -by O -trichloroacetic O -acid O -from O -phase O -I O -Coxiella O -burnetii O -organisms O -induced O -in O -mice O -and O -rabbits O -fair O -levels O -of O -antibodies O -directed O -to O -antigen O -1 O -and O -antigen O -2 O -, O -as O -detected O -by O -complement O -- O -fixation O -( O -CF O -) O -, O -microagglutination O -( O -MA O -) O -, O -opsonization O -- O -phagocytosis O -( O -OP O -) O -and O -serum O -protection O -( O -SP O -) O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -various O -concentrations O -of O -chicken O -leukocyte O -interferon B-Chemical -was O -examined O -on O -the O -expression O -of O -adenovirus O -tumour O -( O -T O -) O -antigen O -in O -chick O -embryo O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -theoretical O -implications O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -as O -a O -sensory O -integrative O -theory O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -these O -theories O -leads O -to O -the O -conclusion O -that O -a O -sensory O -integrative O -approach O -can O -serve O -as O -an O -important O -reinforcer O -of O -the O -therapeutic O -actions O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -on O -arterial O -blood O -gases O -and O -cardiovascular O -hemodynamics O -were O -studied O -in O -patients O -with O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -eight O -unpremedicated O -patients O -only O -blood O -gases O -were O -determined O -before O -and O -10 O -minutes O -after O -sublingual O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -0 O -. O -6 O -mg O -. O -All O -studies O -were O -performed O -before O -induction O -of O -anesthesia O -with O -the O -patients O -in O -the O -supine O -position O -breathing O -room O -air O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -stability O -of O -combinations O -of O -hydroxyzine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -and O -meperidine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -2 O -ml O -each O -) O -and O -of O -these O -two O -drugs O -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -2 O -. O -5 O -ml O -each O -) O -and O -atropine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -4 O -mg O -/ O -2 O -. O -5 O -ml O -) O -in O -prefilled O -glass O -and O -plastic O -syringes O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -modulation O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxygenase I-Chemical -( O -TO O -) O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -transferase I-Chemical -( O -TAT O -) O -in O -the O -rat O -liver O -after O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -has O -been O -studied O -under O -various O -physiological O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -) O -The O -minimum O -dose O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -necessary O -for O -enzyme O -induction O -was O -significantly O -lower O -for O -TO O -than O -for O -TAT O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pathways O -responsible O -for O -an O -the O -mechanisms O -underlying O -the O -adaptive O -increase O -in O -ammonia B-Chemical -production O -in O -response O -to O -acidosis O -are O -considered O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intramitochondrially O -located O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -glutaminase O -pathway O -is O -generally O -believed O -to O -be O -of O -primary O -importance O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -seems O -unlikely O -that O -a O -decrease O -in O -systemic O -pH O -is O -the O -direct O -effector O -for O -the O -acidosis O -- O -induced O -increase O -in O -ammonia B-Chemical -formation O -; O -however O -, O -the O -resulting O -decrease O -in O -urine O -pH O -may O -play O -a O -critical O -role O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -the O -present O -study O -was O -to O -characterize O -the O -plasma O -anion O -gap O -, O -estimated O -as O -( O -Na O -+ O -K O -) O -- O -Cl O -+ O -HCO3 O -) O -, O -in O -two O -large O -groups O -of O -dogs O -with O -graded O -degrees O -of O -chronic O -, O -HCl O -- O -induced O -metabolic O -acidosis O -or O -chronic O -, O -diuretic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -metabolic O -alkalosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Relationship O -between O -blood O -pH O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -phosphorus B-Chemical -during O -acute O -metabolic O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -we O -infused O -anesthetized O -mongrel O -dogs O -with O -0 O -. O -45 O -% O -saline O -( O -controls O -) O -, O -the O -mineral O -acids O -HCl O -and O -NH4Cl O -, O -and O -the O -nonmineral O -acids O -lactic O -, O -beta O -- O -hydroxybutyric O -and O -methyl O -malonic O -for O -1 O -- O -3 O -h O -. O -Administration O -of O -both O -mineral O -acids O -was O -associated O -with O -significant O -increases O -in O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -diazepam B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -acute O -dystonia O -and O -akathisia O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -of O -glycosaminoglycan B-Chemical -synthesis O -during O -in O -vitro O -ageing O -of O -human O -fibroblasts O -( O -WI O -- O -38 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -exogenous O -glycosaminoglycans O -( O -chondroitin O -- O -4 O -- O -sulfate O -, O -chondroitin O -- O -6 O -- O -sulfate O -, O -dermatan O -sulfate O -, O -hyaluronic O -acid O -, O -heparan O -sulfate O -, O -heparin B-Chemical -) O -at O -100 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -to O -the O -culture O -media O -during O -the O -last O -7 O -to O -10 O -population O -doublings O -before O -phase O -out O -did O -not O -increase O -the O -total O -number O -of O -population O -- O -doublings O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -changes O -in O -glycosaminoglycan B-Chemical -metabolism O -are O -interpreted O -as O -an O -expression O -of O -cellular O -ageing O -, O -and O -such O -an O -in O -vitro O -system O -offers O -a O -model O -for O -analyzing O -the O -factors O -involved O -in O -or O -causing O -the O -induction O -respectively O -prevention O -of O -this O -functional O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -30 O -students O -and O -43 O -patients O -over O -60 O -years O -the O -stimulation O -of O -enzymes O -in O -erythrocytes O -by O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -was O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -Protein O -kinase O -, O -which O -mediates O -the O -information O -carried O -by O -the O -second O -messenger O -cAMP B-Chemical -, O -does O -not O -show O -age O -- O -related O -changes O -of O -basal O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -well O -- O -known O -that O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenylate I-Chemical -cyclase O -system O -is O -important O -in O -mediating O -the O -effects O -of O -numerous O -hormones O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -of O -stimulating O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -generation O -due O -to O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -histamine B-Chemical -had O -substantially O -been O -increased O -since O -the O -12th O -month O -of O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -this O -type O -of O -stress O -led O -to O -an O -instability O -of O -the O -blood O -pressure O -which O -was O -associated O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -the O -broken O -cell O -preparations O -from O -the O -arteries O -to O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -with O -a O -heightened O -cyclic O -AMP O -response O -to O -the O -two O -hormones O -in O -the O -intact O -arterial O -smooth O -muscle O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -blockade O -and O -thrombosis O -prophylaxis O -with O -heparin B-Chemical -in O -tetanus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combination O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -with O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -blockers O -, O -however O -, O -may O -be O -of O -therapeutic O -benefit O -and O -may O -reduce O -this O -complication O -as O -well O -as O -thrombosis O -. O - -aps B-category -New O -enzymic O -assays O -for O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -adenylytransferase O -and O -its O -regulatory O -protein O -PIIA O -. O - -aps B-category -Colloid O -titration O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -using O -Cat O -- O -Floc O -( O -polydiallyldimethyl O -ammonium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -) O -as O -standard O -polycation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fundamental O -theory O -of O -the O -inhibition O -of O -small O -algophoric O -fibres O -by O -large O -fibres O -( O -NOOR O -- O -DENBOS O -, O -1959 O -) O -, O -the O -striking O -theory O -of O -spinal O -control O -( O -WALL O -and O -MELZACK O -, O -1965 O -) O -and O -even O -the O -detection O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -receptors O -at O -the O -same O -time O -paradoxically O -were O -associated O -with O -little O -enthusiasm O -here O -with O -only O -a O -minimum O -of O -mention O -in O -the O -journals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -arrival O -of O -encephalins O -forces O -us O -to O -leave O -behind O -such O -attitudes O -for O -three O -reasons O -: O -1 O -- O -- O -they O -clearly O -throw O -light O -into O -the O -darkness O -of O -a O -whole O -area O -of O -pharmacology O -; O -2 O -- O -- O -they O -open O -up O -a O -pharmacological O -persepective O -; O -3 O -- O -- O -they O -raise O -a O -number O -of O -theoretical O -and O -practical O -questions O -, O -which O -range O -from O -their O -phylogenesis O -to O -the O -hope O -of O -one O -day O -possessing O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -substances O -without O -side O -- O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Pharmacology O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -its O -derivatives O -( O -review O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Equi O -- O -analgesic O -doses O -of O -dextromoramide O -, O -phenoperidine O -and O -Fentanyl B-Chemical -are O -less O -than O -those O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -whilst O -those O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -and O -pentazocine B-Chemical -are O -higher O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -antagonists O -such O -as O -Methadone B-Chemical -, O -nalophine O -, O -naloxone B-Chemical -and O -naltrexone O -possess O -specific O -problems O -in O -terms O -of O -their O -utilization O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Morphine B-Chemical -analgesia O -: O -neurobiologic O -data O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Morphine I-Chemical -has O -a O -direct O -depressive O -action O -at O -a O -spinal O -level O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -neurones O -of O -the O -grey O -matter O -of O -the O -dorsal O -horn O -which O -run O -towards O -the O -higher O -centres O -of O -the O -encephalon O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -or O -of O -one O -of O -its O -derivatives O -to O -these O -sites O -should O -result O -in O -chemical O -or O -physical O -reactions O -leading O -to O -well O -known O -pharmacological O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -salts O -, O -antagonists O -become O -more O -strongly O -bound O -and O -agonists O -less O -strongly O -than O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Study O -of O -the O -function O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -receptors O -has O -led O -to O -the O -isolation O -, O -in O -animal O -brain O -, O -of O -a O -number O -of O -peptides O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -properties O -named O -endorphines O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -spinal O -neurons O -indicate O -that O -the O -excitatory O -action O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -enkephalin O -may O -be O -due O -to O -an O -interaction O -with O -a O -cholinergic O -receptor O -or O -at O -least O -cholinoceptive O -neurones O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -recently O -completed O -study O -showed O -that O -the O -analgesic O -effects O -of O -transcutaneous O -electrical O -stimulation O -can O -be O -partly O -reversed O -when O -0 O -, O -4 O -mg O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -is O -injected O -. O - -aps B-category -Contrary O -to O -the O -the O -tubercle O -bacilli O -( O -H37Ra O -, O -BCG O -) O -, O -Mycobacterium O -phlei O -, O -grown O -on O -Sauton O -medium O -, O -formed O -the O -NAD O -+ O -dependent O -dehydrogenases O -that O -catalyse O -the O -oxidation O -of O -ribitol O -, O -sorbitol O -and O -mannitol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamines O -: O -effects O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -and O -adrenal O -corticoids O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypophysectomy O -leads O -to O -a O -small O -increase O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -of O -all O -brain O -areas O -containing O -noradrenergic O -neurons O -or O -tuberoinfundibular O -dopamine B-Chemical -neurons O -, O -but O -nigroneostriatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -neurons O -are O -not O -so O -affected O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -showing O -differential O -responsiveness O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -different O -brain O -areas O -are O -compatible O -with O -differences O -in O -regulation O -or O -molecular O -form O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -central O -noradrenergic O -and O -dopaminergic O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurotransmitters O -involved O -in O -ACTH B-Chemical -secretion O -: O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ocular O -hypotensive O -efficacy O -of O -topical O -epinephrine B-Chemical -in O -normotensive O -and O -hypertensive O -rabbits O -: O -continuous O -drug O -delivery O -vs O -eyedrops O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -normotensive O -eyes O -, O -2 O -microgram O -/ O -hr O -and O -4 O -microgram O -/ O -hr O -epinephrine B-Chemical -delivered O -into O -the O -tear O -film O -continuously O -for O -12 O -hours O -reduces O -intraocular O -pressure O -as O -well O -as O -eyedrop O -pulses O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -epinephrine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -or O -2 O -% O -epinephrine B-Chemical -bitartrate O -( O -doses O -of O -500 O -and O -1100 O -microgram O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Epinephrine B-Chemical -delivered O -continuously O -at O -rates O -of O -2 O -- O -6 O -microgram O -/ O -hr O -for O -6 O -to O -12 O -hours O -( O -12 O -- O -72 O -microgram O -total O -) O -has O -hypotensive O -efficacy O -equivalent O -to O -15 O -to O -40 O -times O -as O -much O -epinephrine B-Chemical -applied O -once O -in O -eyedrops O -. O - -aps B-category -Continuous O -delivery O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -bitartrate O -does O -not O -reduce O -tear O -film O -pH O -below O -normal O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -low O -- O -speed O -centrifugation O -, O -the O -virus O -- O -free O -supernatant O -is O -discarded O -and O -the O -viruses O -are O -eluted O -from O -the O -sedimented O -oyster O -solids O -with O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -glycine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NaCl I-Chemical -having O -a O -conductivity O -of O -8 O -, O -000 O -mg O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -per O -liter O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -abilities O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -and O -related O -compounds O -to O -inactivate O -poliovirus O -were O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -phages O -were O -stable O -over O -the O -pH O -range O -of O -5 O -to O -8 O -and O -to O -heating O -at O -temperatures O -up O -to O -50 O -degrees O -C O -and O -especially O -stable O -in O -buffer O -containing O -magnesium B-Chemical -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -Inactivation O -of O -enteroviruses O -by O -ascorbic O -acid O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -bisulfite O -. O - -aps B-category -Structural O -modifications O -of O -the O -virus O -particles O -were O -not O -identical O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -mechanism O -of O -inactivation O -by O -ascorbic O -acid O -differs O -from O -that O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bisulfite O -. O - -aps B-category -Eluted O -viruses O -were O -concentrated O -either O -onto O -an O -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxide O -floc O -or O -by O -association O -with O -a O -floc O -which O -formed O -de O -novo O -upon O -adjustment O -of O -the O -glycine B-Chemical -eluate O -to O -pH O -3 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -of O -choice O -included O -high O -pH O -glycine B-Chemical -elution O -and O -subsequent O -low O -pH O -concentration O -; O -it O -yielded O -an O -efficiency O -of O -recovery O -from O -activated O -sludge O -of O -80 O -% O -for O -poliovirus O -type O -1 O -, O -68 O -% O -for O -echovirus O -type O -7 O -, O -and O -75 O -% O -for O -coxsackievirus O -B3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Fourteen O -different O -broth O -media O -were O -autoclaved O -under O -anaerobic O -conditions O -and O -then O -exposed O -to O -atmospheric O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -killing O -of O -Peptostreptococcus O -anaerobius O -VPI O -4330 O -- O -1 O -was O -high O -in O -media O -that O -rapidly O -autoxidized O -and O -accumulated O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -media O -that O -contained O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -had O -a O -tendency O -to O -accumulate O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -other O -substances O -heated O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -only O -alpha O -- O -hydroxycarbonyl O -compounds O -autoxidized O -with O -accumulation O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -indicated O -that O -superoxide B-Chemical -radicals O -were O -generated O -in O -these O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ezyme O -4 O -, O -5 O -- O -dihydroxyphthalate O -decarboxylase O -, O -catalyzing O -the O -conversion O -of O -4 O -, O -5 O -- O -dihydroxyphthalate O -to O -protocatechuate O -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -, O -was O -purified O -approximately O -130 O -- O -fold O -from O -phthalate O -- O -induced O -cells O -of O -a O -protocatechuate O -4 O -, O -5 O -- O -dioxygenase O -- O -deficient O -mutant O -of O -P O -. O -testosteroni O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -the O -wild O -- O -type O -strain O -could O -utilize O -4 O -- O -hydroxyphthalate O -as O -a O -sole O -source O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -, O -none O -of O -the O -following O -could O -grow O -with O -the O -compound O -: O -4 O -, O -5 O -- O -dihydroxyphthalate O -decarboxylase O -- O -deficient O -, O -m O -- O -hydroxybenzoate O -- O -nondegradable O -, O -and O -protocatechuate O -4 O -, O -5 O -- O -dioxygenase O -- O -deficient O -mutants O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -spoilage O -bacteria O -growing O -on O -such O -meat O -immediately O -attack O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -so O -that O -spoilage O -odors O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -are O -detectable O -at O -comparatively O -low O -cell O -densities O -( O -about O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -/ O -cm2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Preliminary O -studies O -on O -the O -absorption O -of O -etherylate O -, O -benorylate O -and O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Platelet O -aggregation O -inhibition O -provoked O -by O -eterilate O -, O -benorylate O -and O -their O -molecular O -components O -, O -in O -comparison O -with O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Anti O -- O -inflammatory O -and O -analgesic O -effects O -of O -eterilate O -, O -benorylate O -and O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Pharmacodynamic O -interaction O -between O -amiodarone B-Chemical -and O -the O -beta O -- O -sympathomimetics O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -dibenzepin O -hydrochloride O -on O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -consumption O -and O -oxidative O -phosphorylation O -of O -rat O -brain O -in O -vitro O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nucleoside B-Chemical -diphosphatase O -also O -has O -an O -acid O -pH O -optimum O -but O -displays O -a O -much O -higher O -affinity O -for O -substrate O -( O -KM O -congurent O -to O -50 O -micrometer O -) O -, O -is O -unstable O -to O -heating O -and O -is O -activated O -by O -Ca O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incorporation O -of O -succinate O -into O -glutamate B-Chemical -( O -= O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -) O -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -( O -= O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -) O -and O -alanine B-Chemical -( O -= O -pyruvate B-Chemical -) O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -glutamate B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -labelled O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -finding O -that O -succinate O -was O -not O -incorporated O -into O -alanine B-Chemical -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -excludes O -that O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -are O -synthesized O -from O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -via O -isocitrate O -or O -citrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -and O -cellobiose O -repressed O -the O -cellulase O -formation O -but O -a O -low O -carboxymethylcellulase O -activity O -was O -measurable O -on O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -grown I-Chemical -mycelium O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -sterile O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mineral I-Chemical -salts O -broth O -was O -inoculated O -with O -conidia O -of O -Penicillium O -rubrum O -P O -- O -13 O -and O -P O -- O -3290 O -. O - -aps B-category -Incorporation O -of O -[ O -1 O -( O -14 O -) O -C O -] O -acetate O -and O -[ O -2 O -( O -14 O -) O -C O -] O -malonate O -increased O -when O -exogenous O -unlabeled O -acetate O -, O -malonate O -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -or O -phosphoenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyruvate I-Chemical -was O -added O -. O - -aps B-category -Utilization O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -by O -dadR O -mutants O -of O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -. O - -aps B-category -Growth O -on O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -, O -D O -- O -histidine O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -used O -as O -precursors O -of O -the O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -was O -faster O -when O -the O -respective O -auxotrophs O -carried O -dadR O -mutations O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -with O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -vitro O -provided O -evidence O -that O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -is O -its O -substrate O -with O -a O -very O -low O -affinity O -to O -the O -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Morning O -prolactin O -and O -clinical O -symptomatology O -were O -measured O -in O -15 O -schizophrenic O -patients O -before O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -and O -after O -three O -and O -six O -weeks O -of O -high O -- O -dose O -butaperazine O -or O -loxapine O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -, O -however O -, O -no O -correlation O -between O -magnitude O -of O -prolactin O -changes O -and O -clinical O -response O -, O -probably O -because O -the O -prolactin O -response O -achieved O -a O -maximum O -at O -relatively O -low O -doses O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -this O -enzyme O -in O -erythrocytes O -is O -of O -particular O -interest O -, O -because O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -serves O -as O -a O -substrate O -for O -both O -gamma O -- O -glutamylcyclotransferase O -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -an O -acidic O -glycoprotein O -( O -20 O -% O -sugar O -by O -weight O -) O -which O -contained O -low O -amounts O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -and O -no O -sialic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -same O -five O -fragments O -were O -also O -formed O -by O -boiling O -the O -enzyme O -for O -brief O -periods O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -or O -urea B-Chemical -either O -with O -or O -without O -reducing O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Ionizations O -of O -the O -enzyme O -- O -reduced O -- O -coenzyme O -complex O -and O -a O -comparison O -with O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -ionizing O -groups O -were O -observed O -in O -the O -binding O -of O -both O -reduced O -coenzymes O -to O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -one O -ionization O -is O -required O -to O -characterize O -the O -binding O -of O -the O -two O -reduced O -coenzymes O -to O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -important O -feature O -of O -immobilized O -tirazine O -dyes O -seems O -to O -be O -their O -high O -operational O -capacities O -when O -compared O -with O -group O -- O -specific O -nucleotide B-Chemical -adsorbents O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -carbonmonoxy O -- O -and O -deoxy O -- O -haemoglobins O -were O -incubated O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -in O -3H2O O -at O -various O -pH O -values O -to O -measure O -the O -pH O -- O -dependent O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tritium I-Chemical -exchange O -at O -the O -C O -- O -2 O -position O -of O -the O -imidazole O -ring O -of O -histidine O -- O -122alpha O -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -liver O -homogenate O -was O -incubated O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -with O -thyroxine B-Chemical -, O -3 O -, O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -- O -tri O -- O -iodothyronine O -, O -3 O -, O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -tri O -- O -iodothyronine O -or O -3 O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -di O -- O -iodothyronine O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -2 O -) O -Accumulation O -of O -3 O -, O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -tri O -- O -iodothyronine O -on O -incubation O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -with O -homogenate O -was O -only O -observed O -above O -pH O -8 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -3 O -) O -Monodeiodination O -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -ring O -of O -3 O -, O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -- O -tri O -- O -iodothyronine O -was O -the O -slowest O -reaction O -, O -was O -optimal O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -and O -was O -less O -affected O -by O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -and O -6 O -- O -propyl O -- O -2 O -- O -thiouracil O -than O -the O -above O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -optimal O -ionic O -conditions O -( O -4 O -mM O -- O -MnCl2 O -) O -the O -specific O -activity O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -in O -fresh O -platelet O -lysates O -was O -about O -10nmol O -of O -cyclic O -GMP O -formed O -/ O -20 O -min O -per O -mg O -of O -protein O -at O -30 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Activity O -was O -15 O -% O -of O -optimum O -with O -10mM O -- O -MgCl2 O -and O -negligible O -with O -4mM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -CaCl2 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -of O -lysate O -with O -indomethacin B-Chemical -did O -not O -inhibit O -this O -effect O -of O -arachidonate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subcellular O -distribution O -of O -nine O -glycosidases O -were O -studied O -in O -fractions O -of O -homogenized O -human O -polymorphonuclear O -leucocytes O -( O -neutrophils O -) O -obtained O -by O -isopycnic O -centrifugation O -through O -linear O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradients O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -binding O -to O -human O -thyroid O -plasma O -membranes O -by O -thyroid O -hormones O -and O -" O -reverse O -triiodothyronine O -" O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relation O -of O -the O -pH O -and O -concentration O -- O -dependent O -dissociation O -of O -porcine O -heart O -mitochondrial O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Inactivation O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -by O -phenylmethanesulfonyl O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -a O -specific O -inactivator O -of O -serine O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -novel O -synthesis O -of O -ceramide O -from O -lignoceric O -acid O -and O -sphingosine O -by O -rat O -brain O -preparation O -; O -the O -amide O -formation O -requires O -a O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -in O -cultured O -osteogenic O -murine O -calvarial O -mesenchymal O -cells O -by O -PTH O -, O -calcitonin B-Chemical -and O -insulin O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -rates O -of O -proton O -exchange O -for O -the O -guanidinium O -nitrogens O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -determined O -by O -natural O -- O -abundance O -nitrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -15 I-Chemical -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Proton O -translocation O -associated O -with O -anaerobic O -transhydrogenation O -from O -glycerol O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -to O -fumarate O -in O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Structure O -- O -binding O -- O -activity O -analysis O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -amines B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neurotransmitter O -modulation O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -increases O -in O -cyclic O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -on O -isoenzymes O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antihypertensive O -effect O -of O -a O -new O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agent O -, O -trimepranol O -( O -10 O -- O -- O -14 O -mg O -/ O -twice O -daily O -) O -, O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -every O -second O -day O -) O -and O -their O -combination O -was O -studied O -in O -eighteen O -patients O -with O -mild O -to O -moderate O -essential O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Trimepranol O -significantly O -antagonized O -the O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hypokalemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -ketone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -body I-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -developing O -sheep O -and O -pregnant O -ewes O -. O - -aps B-category -Secondly O -, O -the O -sulfate O -ester O -analogue O -of O -dihydroxyacetone O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -dihydroxyacetone O -sulfate O -) O -, O -which O -exists O -only O -as O -a O -monoanion O -over O -the O -pH O -range O -of O -interest O -, O -has O -been O -shown O -not O -to O -bind O -detectably O -to O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -dependence O -of O -buffer O -catalysis O -of O -exchange O -of O -the O -C O -- O -4 O -amino B-Chemical -protons O -of O -cyclic O -cytosine B-Chemical -2 O -' O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cCMP O -) O -and O -the O -N O -- O -1 O -proton O -of O -cyclic O -guanosine B-Chemical -2 O -' O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cGMP B-Chemical -) O -conforms O -to O -an O -exchange O -mechanism O -, O -in O -which O -protonation O -of O -the O -nucleobases O -at O -C O -( O -N O -- O -3 O -) O -AND O -G O -( O -N O -- O -7 O -) O -establishes O -the O -important O -intermediates O -at O -neutral O -to O -acidic O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -estimates O -reveal O -an O -increase O -in O -acidity O -of O -the O -G O -( O -N O -- O -1 O -) O -site O -corresponding O -to O -2 O -to O -3 O -pK O -units O -as O -the O -G O -( O -N O -- O -7 O -) O -site O -is O -protonated O -: O -At O -neutral O -pH O -the O -G O -( O -N O -- O -1 O -) O -site O -of O -the O -protonated O -purine B-Chemical -would O -be O -ionized O -( O -pK O -= O -6 O -. O -3 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -the O -intrinsic O -amino B-Chemical -acidity O -in O -the O -neutral O -and O -protonated O -cytosine B-Chemical -is O -vitiated O -by O -the O -observation O -that O -OH O -- O -catalyzed O -exchange O -in O -the O -neutral O -base O -is O -not O -diffusion O -limited O -. O - -aps B-category -Refolding O -transition O -of O -alpha O -- O -chymotrypsin O -: O -pH O -and O -salt B-Chemical -dependence O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -low O -pH O -( O -pH O -2 O -. O -0 O -- O -- O -6 O -. O -0 O -) O -the O -equilibrium O -is O -very O -dependent O -on O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -with O -high O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -effectively O -stabilizing O -the O -active O -conformation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -show O -no O -lyotropic O -order O -and O -appear O -to O -be O -due O -to O -preferential O -salt B-Chemical -binding O -to O -the O -active O -conformation O -at O -one O -or O -possibly O -a O -few O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -small O -number O -( O -less O -than O -10 O -) O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -ions O -, O -most O -of O -which O -are O -bound O -to O -the O -primary O -detergent O -binding O -sites O -, O -contribute O -a O -major O -portion O -of O -the O -relaxation O -enhancement O -( O -greater O -than O -80 O -% O -at O -neutral O -pH O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -, O -in O -conjuction O -with O -NaDodSO4 O -titrations O -at O -different O -pH O -values O -and O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -of O -HPA O -, O -suggests O -that O -the O -high O -- O -affinity O -chloride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -sites O -are O -doubly O -cationic O -at O -neutral O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Estimation O -of O -transmembrane O -pH O -gradients O -from O -phase O -equilibria O -of O -spin O -- O -labeled O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -While O -we O -find O -spectrophotometric O -changes O -upon O -addition O -of O -HCl O -to O -the O -mucosal O -solution O -, O -we O -find O -similar O -changes O -upon O -addition O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -without O -pH O -change O -, O -but O -no O -changes O -when O -the O -pH O -is O -lowered O -by O -substitution O -of O -H O -+ O -for O -Na O -+ O -at O -constant O -osmolality O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydrolysis O -of O -triacylglycerol B-Chemical -and O -diacylglycerol O -by O -a O -rat O -brain O -microsomal O -lipase O -with O -an O -acidic O -pH O -optimum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimal O -pH O -for O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -triacylglycerol B-Chemical -was O -4 O -. O -8 O -, O -with O -only O -minor O -lipolytic O -activity O -in O -the O -alkaline O -pH O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -diacylglycerol O -was O -the O -starting O -substrate O -it O -was O -hydrolyzed O -at O -a O -rate O -10 O -- O -fold O -greater O -than O -triacylglycerol B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -product O -was O -monoacylglycerol O -. O - -aps B-category -Adsorption O -spectra O -of O -Hb O -+ O -and O -HbO2 O -adsorbed O -on O -silica O -and O -monolayers O -cholesterol B-Chemical -supported O -on O -silica O -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -dissociation O -is O -extremely O -slow O -at O -neutral O -pH O -( O -t1 O -/ O -2 O -approximately O -3 O -) O -years O -, O -4 O -degrees O -C O -) O -, O -but O -increases O -in O -almost O -direct O -proportion O -to O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -and O -is O -enhanced O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -1 O -, O -10 O -- O -phenanthroline O -or O -acetate O -. O - -aps B-category -Aminopeptidase O -A O -, O -which O -specifically O -hydrolyses O -N O -- O -terminal O -dicarbonic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -containing O -free O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -groups O -, O -is O -isolated O -from O -bovine O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -Aminopeptidase O -A O -does O -not O -attack O -alpha O -- O -L O -- O -alanyl O -- O -beta O -- O -naphtylamide O -, O -leucineamide O -, O -insulin O -, O -peptides O -with O -blocked O -N O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -peptides O -which O -have O -proline O -to O -be O -the O -second O -N O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -chemical O -modification O -of O -horseradish O -peroxidase O -lysine O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -groups O -by O -propionic O -, O -butyric O -, O -valeric O -, O -succinic O -anhydrides O -and O -trinitrobenzolsulfonic O -acid O -( O -TNBS O -) O -on O -catalytic O -properties O -of O -the O -enzyme O -is O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Absorption O -and O -circular O -dichoism O -spectra O -of O -native O -and O -modified O -peroxidase O -within O -260 O -- O -- O -270 O -nm O -are O -obtained O -, O -some O -changes O -in O -the O -enzyme O -tertiary O -structure O -after O -its O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -groups O -modification O -are O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Immobilization O -of O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -by O -non O -- O -covalent O -binding O -to O -specific O -antibodies O -and O -Fab O -- O -fragments O -coupled O -to O -Sepharose O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -skeletal O -muscle O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -then O -immobilized O -on O -a O -matrix O -by O -non O -- O -covalent O -binding O -to O -specific O -antibodies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -immobilized O -dimeric O -form O -of O -the O -enzyme O -thus O -obtained O -is O -catalytically O -active O -and O -capable O -of O -reassociating O -with O -the O -dimers O -of O -apoglyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -added O -in O -solution O -to O -the O -suspension O -of O -Sepharose O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isomerizing I-Chemical -enzyme O -was O -isolated O -from O -the O -culture O -of O -Actinomyces O -olivocinereus O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isomerase I-Chemical -is O -more O -stable O -than O -soluble O -one O -. O - -aps B-category -Stabilization O -of O -optical O -rotation O -is O -observed O -at O -pH O -range O -, O -where O -one O -monoester O -phosphate B-Chemical -group O -is O -in O -monoanionic O -form O -and O -the O -other O -- O -- O -in O -dianionic O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -low O -energy O -phosphate B-Chemical -bond O -becomes O -high O -energy O -bond O -due O -to O -the O -free O -electrostatic O -interaction O -of O -dianionic O -phosphate B-Chemical -group O -with O -other O -negatively O -charged O -group O -in O -sin O -- O -clynal O -conformation O -. O - -aps B-category -Tyrosine O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -levels O -in O -the O -brain O -were O -measured O -simultaneously O -. O - -aps B-category -Tyrosine O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -decreased O -to O -about O -the O -same O -extent O -during O -the O -various O -hypoxic O -levels O -at O -all O -ages O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -on O -the O -hemolysis O -of O -calf O -and O -adult O -cattle O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -and O -its O -relation O -to O -schizophrenia O -and O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -for O -the O -chronotropic O -action O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -was O -parallel O -to O -that O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -whilst O -the O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -for O -the O -inotropic O -action O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -was O -less O -steep O -than O -that O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -. O -3 O -The O -infusion O -of O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agent O -, O -at O -a O -rate O -of O -1 O -mug O -/ O -min O -, O -shifted O -the O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -to O -the O -right O -, O -and O -to O -the O -same O -extent O -, O -in O -both O -papillary O -muscle O -and O -sinus O -node O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -Phentolamine B-Chemical -did O -not O -affect O -the O -positive O -inotropic O -and O -chronotropic O -actions O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -. O -4 O -On O -isolated O -ventricular O -strips O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -by O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -phentolamine B-Chemical -did O -not O -affect O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -to O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -or O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Desipramine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -which O -enhanced O -the O -action O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -considerably O -reduced O -the O -myocardial O -responses O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -. O -6 O -Papaverine O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -decreased O -the O -threshold O -concentration O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -required O -to O -stimulate O -the O -myocardium O -and O -shifted O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -to O -the O -left O -. O -7 O -Raising O -the O -temperature O -from O -32 O -degrees O -C O -to O -37 O -degrees O -C O -shifted O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -to O -the O -right O -; O -when O -the O -temperature O -was O -raised O -from O -37 O -degrees O -C O -to O -42 O -degrees O -C O -the O -affinity O -of O -the O -drug O -was O -not O -changed O -. O -8 O -Other O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -stimulants O -, O -methoxamine B-Chemical -and O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -decreased O -the O -active O -tension O -of O -ventricular O -strips O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylephrine B-Chemical -acts O -mainly O -by O -releasing O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -from O -adrenergic O -nerve O -endings O -and O -partly O -by O -a O -weak O -direct O -action O -on O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulphasalazine O -is O -a O -potent O -and O -selective O -inhibitor O -in O -vitro O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -15 O -- O -hydroxydehydrogenase O -in O -rabbit O -colon O -( O -ID50 O -= O -50 O -micrometer O -) O -and O -in O -several O -other O -organs O -of O -different O -species O -, O -but O -does O -not O -inhibit O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -delta O -- O -13 O -reductase O -or O -microsomal O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthesis O -from O -arachidonic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -narcotic O -analgesics O -on O -the O -uptake O -and O -release O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -in O -rat O -synaptosomal O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -Levorphanol O -also O -inhibited O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -uptake O -to O -a O -large O -extent O -( O -IC O -( O -50 O -) O -8 O -. O -8 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -) O -while O -dextrophan O -, O -pethidine B-Chemical -and O -pentazocine B-Chemical -showed O -much O -less O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Methadone B-Chemical -, O -like O -chlorimipramine O -, O -showed O -a O -significant O -effect O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -while O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -, O -had O -no O -effect O -. O -4 O -When O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -release O -was O -studied O -by O -a O -perfusion O -technique O -, O -which O -largely O -prevents O -reuptake O -of O -the O -released O -amine B-Chemical -, O -only O -fenfluramine B-Chemical -, O -an O -anorectic O -agent O -proposed O -as O -a O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -releaser O -, O -significantly O -increased O -spontaneous O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -light O -of O -their O -poor O -effectiveness O -as O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -releasers O -, O -it O -can O -be O -concluded O -that O -mechanisms O -other O -than O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -uptake O -inhibition O -and O -release O -are O -probably O -involved O -in O -the O -analgesic O -effects O -of O -these O -compounds O -in O -intact O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -unsuitable O -for O -day O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -localization O -of O -cholinergic O -, O -aminergic O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ergic I-Chemical -neurones O -in O -the O -mediobasal O -hypothalamus O -has O -been O -studied O -in O -normal O -rat O -brain O -and O -in O -brains O -where O -neurones O -in O -nucleus O -arcuatus O -were O -destroyed O -by O -repeated O -administration O -of O -2 O -mg O -/ O -g O -body O -weight O -monosodium B-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -to O -newborn O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -was O -concentrated O -at O -the O -boundary O -between O -the O -ventromedial O -and O -the O -arcuate O -nuclei O -, O -with O -lower O -activity O -in O -the O -arcuate O -nucleus O -and O -very O -low O -activity O -in O -the O -median O -eminence O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -lesioned O -animals O -, O -there O -were O -significant O -decreases O -in O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -, O -acetylcholinesterase O -staining O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -in O -the O -median O -eminence O -, O -whereas O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -activity O -and O -acetylcholinesterase O -staining O -, O -but O -not O -glutamate B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -activity O -, O -were O -decreased O -in O -nucleus O -arcuatus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -affinity O -uptakes O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -endogenous O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -levels O -were O -also O -unchanged O -in O -the O -treated O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -further O -indicate O -that O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -cells O -in O -the O -arcuate O -nucleus O -are O -less O -sensitive O -to O -the O -toxic O -effect O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -than O -other O -cell O -types O -, O -possibly O -because O -they O -contain O -less O -glutamate B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -SIF O -cells O -, O -cyclic O -AMP O -responses O -, O -and O -catecholamines B-Chemical -of O -the O -guinea O -pig O -superior O -cervical O -ganglion O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunohistochemical O -localization O -of O -antibodies O -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -( O -DBH O -) O -and O -phenylethanolamine O -- O -N O -- O -methyltransferase O -( O -PNMT O -) O -demonstrated O -that O -types O -of O -SIF O -cell O -localize O -antibodies O -to O -DBH O -but O -not O -PNMT O -, O -providing O -strong O -evidence O -that O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -is O -the O -neurotransmitter O -for O -all O -the O -SIF O -cells O -of O -the O -guinea O -pig O -SCG O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -found O -whether O -the O -latter O -was O -increased O -by O -injection O -of O -tetraethyl O -ammonium B-Chemical -( O -TEA O -) O -into O -the O -soma O -of O -L10 O -or O -decreased O -by O -hyperpolarization O -of O -the O -soma O -of O -L10 O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymatic O -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -DNA O -containing O -naphthyl O -residues O -yielded O -3 O -nucleoside B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arylamine I-Chemical -adducts O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -a O -human O -melanoma O -cell O -line O -( O -KHm O -- O -1 O -) O -containing O -phosphodiesterase O -activity O -only O -for O -cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoelectric O -focusing O -in O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -combined O -with O -limited O -proteolysis O -is O -a O -simple O -and O -specific O -method O -for O -quantitation O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -breast O -cancer O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -only O -one O -incubation O -with O -tritium O -- O -labeled O -estradiol B-Chemical -is O -needed O -for O -an O -analysis O -, O -which O -means O -that O -a O -smaller O -amount O -of O -tumor O -tissue O -is O -needed O -than O -for O -most O -other O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effects O -of O -levophacetoperane O -, O -pemoline B-Chemical -, O -fenozolone O -, O -and O -centrophenoxine O -on O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -various O -parts O -of O -the O -rat O -brain O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -amphetamine B-Chemical -; O -this O -alone O -inhibits O -serotonin B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -hypothalamus O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -showed O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ketoglutarate I-Chemical -transaminase O -in O -hepatic O -cytosol O -of O -Rats O -( O -Wistar O -strain O -) O -five O -hours O -after O -intraperitoneal O -administration O -of O -tricyclic O -compounds O -( O -phenothiazine O -, O -iminodibenzyl O -, O -thioxanthene O -, O -thiophenylpyridylamin O -, O -dibenzocycloheptadiene O -, O -dibenzoxepin O -derivatives O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Mechanism O -of O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -in O -rat O -liver O -by O -phenothiazine O -derivatives O -and O -related O -chemical O -compounds O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemodynamic O -effects O -of O -preload O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -in O -patients O -subjected O -to O -coronary O -bypass O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -excess O -of O -p O -- O -diazobenzenesulfonic O -acid O -and O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -sulfanilic O -acid O -, O -the O -reaction O -for O -either O -unconjugated O -or O -conjugated O -bilirubin B-Chemical -proceeds O -in O -two O -successive O -first O -- O -order O -steps O -, O -the O -second O -step O -being O -much O -the O -slower O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanisms O -proposed O -for O -reactions O -with O -and O -without O -caffeine B-Chemical -are O -used O -to O -develop O -rate O -equations O -, O -and O -the O -kinetic O -data O -are O -used O -to O -evaluate O -rate O -constants O -, O -acid O -dissociation O -constants O -for O -the O -different O -bilirubin B-Chemical -species O -, O -and O -formation O -constants O -for O -bilirubin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -caffeine I-Chemical -complex O -species O -that O -are O -proposed O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -stopped O -- O -flow O -mixing O -system O -with O -a O -stabilized O -photometer O -and O -small O -computer O -is O -used O -to O -mix O -sample O -and O -reagent O -rapidly O -and O -to O -record O -250 O -data O -points O -during O -a O -700 O -- O -ms O -reaction O -time O -, O -and O -a O -regression O -program O -is O -used O -to O -resolve O -these O -kinetic O -data O -into O -the O -concentrations O -of O -unconjugated O -and O -conjugated O -bilirubin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -was O -determined O -and O -the O -sedimentation O -coefficient O -of O -the O -native O -molecule O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Column O -- O -chromatographic O -separation O -of O -isoenzymes O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -Bed O -height O -of O -the O -ion O -exchanger O -, O -pH O -, O -and O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -eluting O -buffers O -are O -shown O -to O -be O -variables O -affecting O -the O -separation O -of O -the O -isoenzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -conditions O -for O -the O -assay O -were O -found O -using O -[ O -125I O -] O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycocholic I-Chemical -acid O -as O -ligand O -with O -a O -dilution O -of O -antiserum O -to O -produce O -60 O -% O -binding O -of O -ligand O -and O -a O -pH O -of O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -samples O -from O -patients O -with O -liver O -disease O -had O -higher O -CAP O -activities O -when O -assayed O -in O -buffers O -containing O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -other O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -did O -not O -influence O -the O -acute O -increase O -in O -serum O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -normal O -and O -Niemann O -- O -Pick O -fractions O -were O -found O -to O -hydrolyze O -lactosyl O -ceramide O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -taurodeoxycholate O -, O -at O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -5 O -. O -6 O -as O -well O -as O -aryl O -beta O -- O -galactosides O -and O -aryl O -beta O -- O -glucosides O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -brief O -, O -simple O -and O -unexpensive O -UV O -spectrophotometric O -method O -for O -theophylline B-Chemical -serum O -level O -determination O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -ion O -as O -second O -messenger O -. O - -aps B-category -Particular O -emphasis O -is O -devoted O -to O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -the O -interrelationship O -between O -cell O -activation O -by O -chemical O -stimuli O -and O -alterations O -in O -intracellular O -calcium B-Chemical -metabolism O -, O -and O -( O -2 O -) O -the O -interrelated O -roles O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -the O -cyclic O -nucleotides O -, O -cyclic O -AMP O -and O -cyclic O -GMP O -, O -in O -achieving O -the O -final O -integrated O -, O -co O -- O -ordinated O -cellular O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -blockade O -of O -octopamine O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -by O -analogues O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -and O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -compound O -attenuates O -dopamine B-Chemical -excitation O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -HF O -2046 O -, O -unlike O -clozapine B-Chemical -, O -will O -attenuate O -the O -excitatory O -effects O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -2 O -- O -chloro O -- O -substituted O -compound O -( O -HF O -2046 O -) O -now O -has O -the O -added O -ability O -to O -blockade O -excitatory O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -elucidate O -the O -relative O -role O -of O -osmolar O -( O -sodium B-Chemical -) O -and O -acetate O -shifts O -during O -dialysis O -, O -6 O -patients O -with O -problems O -of O -overhydration O -underwent O -rapid O -ultrafiltration O -for O -1 O -hr O -( O -mean O -weight O -reduction O -2 O -. O -0 O -kg O -) O -, O -using O -the O -1 O -m2 O -RP O -6 O -dialyzer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -and O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -which O -were O -stable O -with O -ultrafiltration O -only O -fell O -slightly O -when O -a O -high O -dialyzate O -sodium B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -used O -and O -much O -further O -when O -the O -dialyzate O -sodium B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -kept O -low O -. O - -aps B-category -Shifts O -in O -osmolality O -( O -sodium B-Chemical -concentration O -) O -seem O -to O -be O -more O -important O -than O -the O -effect O -of O -acetate O -in O -inducing O -dialysis O -- O -associated O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -disulfiram B-Chemical -with O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Decreases O -in O -the O -plasma O -clearance O -of O -chlordiazepoxide O -( O -54 O -% O -, O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -41 O -% O -, O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -and O -their O -active O -N O -- O -desmethyl O -metabolites O -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -considerations O -together O -with O -that O -of O -the O -short O -half O -- O -life O -of O -oxazepam B-Chemical -( O -median O -, O -6 O -. O -1 O -hr O -) O -suggest O -that O -oxazepam B-Chemical -may O -be O -the O -drug O -of O -choice O -if O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -therapy O -is O -used O -for O -patients O -taking O -disulfiram B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Spiral O -strips O -of O -human O -digital O -arteries O -have O -been O -studied O -in O -vitro O -to O -investigate O -whether O -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -, O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -and O -labetalol B-Chemical -have O -peripheral O -vascular O -effects O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -DL O -- O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -were O -equally O -effective O -inhibitors O -of O -responses O -to O -barium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Oxprenolol B-Chemical -was O -only O -a O -weak O -inhibitor O -of O -the O -responses O -to O -both O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -and O -had O -little O -effect O -on O -responses O -to O -barium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -has O -non O -- O -specific O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -vascular O -smooth O -muscle O -, O -which O -might O -contribute O -to O -its O -hypotensive O -activity O -at O -high O -concentrations O -, O -but O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -has O -only O -slight O -peripheral O -effects O -that O -are O -probably O -therapeutically O -insignificant O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -the O -drug O -prevented O -worsening O -of O -hypercapnia O -in O -the O -four O -episodes O -, O -when O -administration O -of O -24 O -percent O -oxygen B-Chemical -had O -occasioned O -rises O -in O -the O -arterial O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -of O -23 O -, O -10 O -, O -9 O -, O -and O -7 O -mm O -Hg O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -In O -vitro O -demethylation O -with O -a O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -generating I-Chemical -system O -containing O -rat O -cytosol O -enzymes O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -isolated O -cytosol O -, O -preserved O -at O -- O -10 O -degrees O -keeps O -its O -initial O -activity O -for O -a O -period O -of O -three O -days O -, O -but O -after O -or O -six O -days O -the O -diminition O -of O -the O -enzymic O -activity O -could O -be O -compensated O -by O -using O -simultaneously O -two O -substrates O -- O -isocytrate O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -for O -demethylizating O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Flunitrazepam B-Chemical -or O -diazepam B-Chemical -with O -atropine B-Chemical -and O -a O -combination O -of O -phenoperidine O -, O -droperidol B-Chemical -and O -cyclizine O -( O -neuroleptanalgesia O -) O -were O -compared O -as O -premedication O -in O -three O -groups O -of O -25 O -patients O -undergoing O -routine O -upper O -gastrointestinal O -endoscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Benzodiazepines O -and O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -as O -antagonists O -of O -dissimilar O -chemical O -convulsants O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxin O -I O -from O -Anemonia O -sulcata O -, O -a O -major O -component O -of O -the O -sea O -anemone O -venom O -, O -consists O -of O -46 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -which O -are O -linked O -by O -three O -disulfide O -bridges O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurements O -of O -the O -initial O -rate O -of O -valinomycin O -- O -dependent O -K O -+ O -uptake O -have O -shown O -that O -nearly O -4 O -K O -+ O -are O -taken O -up O -as O -2 O -electrons O -are O -transferred O -from O -cytochrome O -c O -to O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Measurements O -of O -the O -initial O -rate O -of O -proton O -movement O -after O -addition O -of O -the O -reductant O -show O -that O -about O -1 O -. O -6 O -protons O -are O -released O -by O -the O -mitochondria O -as O -2 O -electrons O -are O -transferred O -from O -cytochrome O -c O -to O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Light O -- O -driven O -potassium B-Chemical -ion O -uptake O -in O -Halobacterium O -halobium O -is O -mediated O -by O -bacteriorhodopsin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -transient O -changes O -in O -extracellular O -pH O -( O -alkaline O -overshoot O -) O -can O -be O -understood O -by O -the O -concomitant O -processes O -of O -ATP O -synthesis O -, O -proton O -/ O -sodium B-Chemical -exchange O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluorescence O -measurements O -indicate O -a O -high O -permeability O -of O -the O -membrane O -to O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -compared O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Sudden O -enhancement O -of O -the O -diffusion O -potential O -by O -the O -potassium B-Chemical -ionophore O -monactin O -leads O -to O -the O -expected O -transient O -increase O -in O -cellular O -ATP O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -Azotobacter O -vinelandii O -: O -purification O -, O -characterization O -, O -regulation O -and O -localization O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -molecular O -parameters O -were O -determined O -: O -molecular O -weight O -640 O -000 O -, O -subunit O -molecular O -weight O -53 O -000 O -, O -partial O -specific O -volume O -0 O -. O -710 O -cm3 O -/ O -g O -, O -isoelectric O -point O -4 O -. O -6 O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -values O -for O -the O -Mg2 O -+ O -- O -dependent O -formation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -were O -independent O -of O -the O -degree O -of O -adenylylation O -for O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -ATP O -, O -but O -varied O -for O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Benzamides O -and O -classical O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -: O -comparison O -of O -their O -actions O -using O -6 O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -effects O -( O -stereotyped O -behavior O -, O -circling O -behavior O -, O -climbing O -behavior O -, O -and O -increased O -motor O -activity O -) O -could O -be O -related O -to O -stimulation O -of O -one O -type O -of O -dopaminergic O -receptor O -, O -other O -effects O -( O -hypothermia O -and O -decreased O -activity O -) O -to O -the O -other O -type O -. O - -aps B-category -Clozapine O -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -levomepromazine B-Chemical -, O -and O -thioridazine B-Chemical -, O -could O -block O -selectively O -the O -other O -type O -of O -dopaminergic O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Halopemide O -is O -a O -new O -psychotropic O -agent O -, O -structurally O -related O -to O -the O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -of O -the O -butyrophenone O -type O -, O -but O -with O -a O -different O -phamacological O -and O -clinical O -profile O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distribution O -profile O -of O -halopemide O -in O -rat O -brain O -deviates O -from O -that O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Subcellular O -distribution O -experiments O -show O -that O -in O -the O -caudate O -nucleus O -halopemide O -is O -far O -less O -particle O -- O -bound O -that O -are O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -autonomic O -profile O -of O -mianserin B-Chemical -has O -been O -compared O -with O -that O -of O -yohimbine B-Chemical -, O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -phenoxybenzamine O -and O -desmethylimipramine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -isolated O -tissue O -experiments O -, O -the O -selectivity O -of O -mianserin B-Chemical -for O -pre O -- O -and O -postsynaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -was O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -mianserin B-Chemical -only O -caused O -slight O -reversal O -of O -the O -inhibitory O -effects O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -on O -hypogastric O -nerve O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -demonstrate O -the O -uptake O -blocking O -properties O -of O -mianserin B-Chemical -and O -its O -antagonism O -at O -both O -pre O -- O -and O -postsynaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -SK O -& O -amp O -; O -F O -38393 O -( O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -4 O -, O -5 O -- O -tetrahydro O -- O -7 O -, O -8 O -- O -dihydroxy O -- O -1 O -- O -phenyl O -- O -1H O -- O -3 O -- O -benzazepine O -) O -is O -a O -new O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -agonist O -which O -selectively O -increased O -renal O -blood O -flow O -when O -administered O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -inhibited O -, O -however O -, O -by O -the O -selective O -peripheral O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -bulbocapnine O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -interaction O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -with O -the O -noradrenergic O -system O -in O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -did O -not O -significantly O -influence O -either O -DA O -or O -DOPAC B-Chemical -levels O -in O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -three O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -released O -NA O -in O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -pimozide O -, O -sulpiride B-Chemical -and O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -blocked O -bicuculline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -convulsions O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -) O -this O -activity O -was O -no O -longer O -apparent O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -are O -interpreted O -as O -indicating O -that O -intact O -noradrenergic O -systems O -are O -necessary O -for O -the O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bicuculline I-Chemical -effect O -of O -the O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -responses O -of O -single O -neostriatal O -neurones O -to O -substantia O -nigra O -( O -SN O -) O -and O -dorsal O -raphe O -nucleus O -( O -DRN O -) O -stimulation O -and O -iontophoretic O -administration O -of O -several O -drugs O -were O -studied O -in O -urethane B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anaesthetised I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -with O -antagonist O -revealed O -that O -alpha O -- O -flupenthixol O -reduced O -responses O -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -and O -inhibition O -evoked O -by O -SN O -and O -DRN O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Methysergide O -selectively O -reduced O -responses O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -and O -also O -reduced O -DRN O -- O -but O -not O -SN O -- O -evoked O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -level O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -in O -hereditary O -spherocytes O -was O -found O -to O -be O -persistently O -high O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -immature O -cockerels O -adrenaline B-Chemical -administration O -lowered O -the O -levels O -of O -plasma O -growth O -hormone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -beta O -- O -adreno O -- O -blocking O -agent O -( O -anaprillin O -or O -inderal O -) O -was O -found O -to O -significantly O -potentiate O -and O -to O -lengthen O -the O -action O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -and O -so O -did O -, O -to O -a O -lesser O -degree O -, O -promedol O -( O -trimeperedin O -) O -and O -phentanyl O -, O -while O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenoblocking O -agent O -( O -phentolamine B-Chemical -) O -weakened O -the O -analgesic O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -promedol O -, O -without O -having O -any O -essential O -influence O -on O -the O -effect O -of O -phentanyl O -. O - -aps B-category -Immobilization O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -by O -titanium O -tetrachloride O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanism O -of O -triiodothyronine O -stimulation O -on O -microsomal O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -chain O -elongation O -synthesis O -in O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -35Cl O -NMR O -study O -of O -the O -release O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -on O -oxygen B-Chemical -binding O -to O -human O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Metronidazole B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidences O -of O -low O -- O -birth O -- O -weight O -infants O -, O -stillbirths O -and O -congenital O -abnormalities O -were O -not O -affected O -by O -metronidazole B-Chemical -treatment O -of O -trichomoniasis O -in O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Inducing O -labor O -with O -oral O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -in O -Khartoum O -hospital O -. O - -aps B-category -Sixty O -- O -five O -of O -these O -patients O -had O -an O -amniotomy O -prior O -to O -PGE2 B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Labor O -was O -successfully O -induced O -in O -95 O -patients O -, O -but O -its O -duration O -was O -shorter O -when O -amniotomy O -was O -immediatedly O -followed O -by O -PGE2 B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -estradiol B-Chemical -as O -a O -predictor O -of O -preterm O -labor O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -attempted O -to O -perform O -a O -linear O -regression O -analysis O -of O -the O -data O -from O -normal O -pregnancies O -and O -to O -set O -up O -a O -95 O -% O -upper O -prediction O -limit O -for O -the O -normal O -range O -of O -the O -estradiol B-Chemical -level O -for O -each O -week O -of O -gestation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -methylergonovine B-Chemical -maleate B-Chemical -in O -augmenting O -extraamniotic O -saline O -for O -midtrimester O -abortion O -. O - -aps B-category -Methylergonovine B-Chemical -maleate B-Chemical -( O -MEM O -) O -administration O -was O -randomly O -allocated O -to O -half O -the O -study O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -electrolyte O -profiles O -after O -amiloride B-Chemical -, O -hydrochlorthiazide O -and O -the O -combination O -. O - -aps B-category -Amiloride B-Chemical -showed O -a O -natriuretic O -effect O -, O -which O -in O -combination O -was O -additive O -to O -that O -of O -hydrochlorthiazide O -, O -but O -the O -excretion O -of O -water O -did O -not O -increase O -significantly O -after O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -striking O -linear O -correlation O -between O -urinary O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -with O -all O -the O -drugs O -, O -although O -showing O -with O -A O -a O -higher O -potassium B-Chemical -retention O -during O -high O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -of O -insulin O -released O -into O -the O -medium O -and O -the O -insulin O -response O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -plus O -theophylline B-Chemical -were O -measured O -during O -the O -culture O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -nucleotide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -phosphorylation O -of O -rat O -intestinal O -microvillus O -and O -basal O -- O -lateral O -membrane O -proteins O -by O -an O -endogenous O -protein O -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -both O -membrane O -components O -were O -phosphorylated O -by O -an O -endogenous O -protein O -kinase O -, O -the O -microvillus O -membrane O -was O -consistently O -phosphorylated O -to O -a O -greater O -extent O -at O -maximally O -effective O -concentrations O -of O -either O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -n I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -butyric I-Chemical -acid O -to O -leucine B-Chemical -ratio O -in O -perspective O -. O - -aps B-category -Substrate O -- O -specificity O -of O -" O -high O -- O -affinity O -" O -, O -Na O -+ O -- O -independent O -binding O -of O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -to O -cerebral O -synaptosomal O -- O -mitochondrial O -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -Drugs O -used O -were O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -levomepromazine B-Chemical -, O -perphenazine O -, O -prochlorperazine B-Chemical -, O -droperidol B-Chemical -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -, O -imipramine B-Chemical -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -flurazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -intact O -cats O -, O -those O -depressants O -effects O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -on O -PSR O -produced O -various O -characteristic O -action O -patterns O -in O -comparison O -with O -MSR O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Behavioral O -and O -EEG O -effects O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -in O -comparison O -with O -those O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -agent O -was O -equipotent O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -in O -inhibiting O -fighting O -behavior O -of O -long O -- O -term O -isolated O -mice O -, O -but O -was O -longer O -in O -duration O -of O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -muscle O -relaxant O -effect O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -as O -assessed O -by O -the O -inclined O -screen O -test O -was O -34 O -times O -, O -and O -the O -effect O -on O -rotarod O -performance O -was O -17 O -times O -more O -potent O -than O -that O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -limbic O -afterdischarges O -induced O -by O -either O -hippocampal O -or O -amygdaloid O -stimulation O -were O -also O -markedly O -inhibited O -by O -triazolam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -triazolam B-Chemical -is O -a O -potent O -tranquilizer O -with O -a O -longer O -duration O -of O -action O -, O -and O -the O -muscle O -relaxant O -effect O -is O -considerable O -as O -compared O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -on O -various O -types O -of O -conditioned O -behavior O -were O -investigated O -and O -compared O -mainly O -with O -diaepam O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -passive O -avoidance O -response O -in O -a O -step O -- O -down O -method O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -either O -triazolam B-Chemical -or O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -but O -was O -markedly O -suppressed O -by O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -rate O -response O -was O -unaffected O -by O -triazolam B-Chemical -even O -at O -doses O -of O -40 O -approximately O -180 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -p O -. O -o O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -rate O -response O -was O -reduced O -by O -diazepam B-Chemical -at O -180 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -p O -. O -o O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -effects O -were O -observed O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -at O -doses O -of O -15 O -approximately O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -p O -. O -o O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -triazolam B-Chemical -appears O -to O -be O -a O -potent O -antianxiety O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Less O -than O -20 O -% O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -pool O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -B O -exists O -in O -the O -D O -- O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -was O -formed O -by O -racemization O -in O -the O -crude O -extract O -of O -this O -organism O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -protein O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -stimulated O -proline O -uptake O -into O -the O -vesicles O -, O -and O -the O -oxidative O -deamination O -activities O -were O -verified O -by O -the O -proline O -uptake O -stimulating O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -likely O -that O -other O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -pool O -are O -formed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -or O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fact O -that O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -are O -able O -to O -block O -dopaminergic O -neural O -activity O -has O -led O -to O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -there O -might O -exist O -a O -common O -biochemical O -substrate O -for O -schizophrenia O -and O -e O -. O -g O -. O -the O -amphetamine B-Chemical -psychoses O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -increasing O -concentrations O -of O -guanidine O -hydrochloride O -induced O -cooperative O -transitions O -in O -both O -the O -native O -and O -alkali B-Chemical -denatured O -forms O -to O -give O -a O -cross O -- O -linked O -random O -coil O -. O - -aps B-category -Numerous O -modifications O -have O -been O -made O -in O -MK O -solution O -, O -primarily O -concerned O -with O -alterations O -in O -both O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -PCO2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Even O -with O -drastic O -changes O -in O -the O -storage O -solution O -there O -was O -a O -relatively O -small O -change O -in O -the O -net O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -flux O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -apparent O -that O -a O -good O -storage O -solution O -contained O -a O -buffer O -( O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -was O -better O -than O -phosphate B-Chemical -) O -and O -5 O -% O -dextran B-Chemical -and O -was O -at O -a O -neutral O -pH O -( O -between O -7 O -and O -8 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -the O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -formation O -of O -a O -unique O -dye O -absorption O -spectra O -of O -the O -cationic O -carbocyanine O -dye O -, O -1 O -- O -ethyl O -- O -2 O -- O -[ O -3 O -- O -( O -1 O -- O -ethylnaphtho O -[ O -1 O -, O -2d O -] O -- O -thiazolin O -- O -2 O -- O -ylidene O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -methylpropenyl O -] O -naphtho O -[ O -1 O -, O -2d O -] O -- O -thiazolium O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -was O -used O -to O -detect O -bacteriuria O -caused O -by O -gram O -negative O -organisms O -in O -a O -hospitalized O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -are O -, O -or O -course O -, O -no O -" O -wonder O -- O -drugs O -" O -and O -usually O -lead B-Chemical -to O -an O -improvement O -only O -of O -the O -troubles O -, O -but O -rarely O -to O -complete O -cure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -question O -whether O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -participates O -actively O -in O -the O -calculogenesis O -or O -whether O -it O -is O -only O -an O -accidental O -enclosure O -in O -the O -stone O -material O -can O -, O -in O -our O -opinion O -, O -only O -be O -answered O -by O -the O -quantitative O -determination O -of O -phosphorus B-Chemical -in O -the O -stone O -material O -resp O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -our O -investigation O -we O -suppose O -that O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -crystalluriae O -, O -occurring O -spontaneously O -or O -induced O -, O -at O -moderate O -pH O -- O -values O -of O -urine O -, O -especially O -by O -Ca O -- O -oxalate O -, O -sometimes O -by O -urate B-Chemical -crystalluriae O -, O -contribute O -to O -the O -crystal O -" O -density O -" O -in O -the O -urine O -, O -the O -sufficient O -crystal O -" O -density O -" O -being O -one O -of O -the O -preconditions O -for O -the O -formation O -of O -compact O -crystal O -aggregates O -; O -the O -other O -precondition O -is O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -reactive O -organic O -cement O -substance O -in O -a O -sufficient O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanisms O -of O -other O -forms O -still O -elude O -firm O -definition O -: O -this O -is O -the O -case O -of O -, O -among O -others O -, O -some O -oligoasthenospermias O -in O -which O -, O -according O -to O -our O -experience O -, O -excessive O -estrogen B-Chemical -production O -appears O -to O -play O -a O -physiopathologic O -role O -. O - -aps B-category -Steady O -- O -state O -passive O -hyperventilation O -alkalosis O -produces O -a O -predictable O -increase O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -( O -VO2 O -) O -proportional O -to O -the O -change O -in O -arterial O -pH O -( O -pHa O -) O -while O -variable O -changes O -in O -VO2 O -have O -been O -reported O -during O -alkali B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pHa O -measured O -during O -this O -phase O -was O -duplicated O -during O -the O -later O -continuous O -infusion O -of O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -at O -which O -time O -either O -1 O -) O -ventilation O -was O -held O -constant O -at O -the O -control O -level O -, O -allowing O -arterial O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -( O -PaCO2 O -) O -to O -rise O -as O -a O -consequence O -of O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -dissociation O -, O -or O -2 O -) O -PaCO2 O -was O -held O -constant O -by O -servo O -control O -of O -ventilation O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracellular O -pH O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -human O -muscle O -during O -recovery O -from O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -Muscle O -samples O -taken O -during O -the O -recovery O -period O -from O -m O -. O -quadriceps O -femoris O -were O -analyzed O -for O -water O -, O -electrolytes O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -and O -acid O -- O -labile O -CO2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracellular O -pH O -( O -pHi O -) O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -( O -[ O -HCO3 O -- O -] O -i O -) O -in O -muscle O -have O -been O -calculated O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -pH O -and O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -on O -the O -dissolution O -of O -the O -fibrils O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -the O -inhibitors O -were O -similar O -except O -for O -the O -contents O -of O -Asp O -, O -Glu O -, O -Ile O -, O -Leu O -, O -and O -Lys O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -desorption O -constants O -( O -concentrations O -necessary O -for O -50 O -% O -desorption O -of O -the O -enzyme O -) O -estimated O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -3 O -for O -isocitrate O -, O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -malate I-Chemical -, O -oxalacetate O -, O -fumarate O -, O -citrate B-Chemical -, O -succinate O -, O -and O -KCl O -were O -0 O -. O -073 O -, O -0 O -. O -074 O -, O -0 O -. O -22 O -, O -0 O -. O -39 O -, O -0 O -. O -56 O -, O -2 O -. O -9 O -, O -and O -19 O -mM O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -acts O -on O -the O -hybrid O -as O -an O -endonuclease O -, O -resulting O -in O -oligonucleotides O -with O -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -hydroxyl I-Chemical -termini O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -anions O -( O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -and O -nitrate B-Chemical -ions O -) O -which O -critically O -affect O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -have O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -degree O -of O -multiple O -attack O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -subunits O -isolated O -by O -chromatography O -on O -CM O -- O -Sepharose O -and O -DEAE O -- O -Sepharose O -columns O -showed O -different O -molecular O -weights O -( O -F O -- O -1 O -: O -44 O -, O -000 O -, O -F O -- O -2 O -: O -20 O -, O -000 O -, O -F O -- O -3 O -: O -11 O -, O -000 O -) O -and O -different O -isoelectric O -points O -, O -but O -similar O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -compositions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -inactivated O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -PCMB O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -tetrathionate O -, O -Hg2 O -+ O -and O -Cu2 O -+ O -, O -but O -the O -activity O -lost O -was O -restored O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -and O -EDTA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -alpha O -- O -thiophosphate O -diastereoisomers O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -( O -1 O -- O -thio O -) O -- O -triphosphate O -were O -used O -to O -study O -the O -stereochemical O -course O -of O -the O -reaction O -catalyzed O -by O -yeast O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -label O -was O -found O -to O -be O -in O -the O -opposite O -orientation O -from O -the O -leaving O -pyrophosphate O -group O -showing O -that O -the O -acetate O -activation O -step O -occurred O -with O -inversion O -of O -configuration O -at O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphorus I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -required O -for O -half O -- O -saturation O -of O -sulfhemoglobin O -is O -more O -than O -2 O -orders O -of O -magnitude O -higher O -than O -that O -for O -hemoglobin O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -Sea O -anemone O -toxin O -and O -scorpion O -toxin O -share O -a O -common O -receptor O -site O -associated O -with O -the O -action O -potential O -sodium B-Chemical -ionophore O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -show O -that O -the O -polypeptides O -scorpion O -toxin O -and O -sea O -anemone O -toxin O -II O -share O -a O -common O -receptors O -site O -associated O -with O -action O -potential O -sodium B-Chemical -ionophores O -. O - -aps B-category -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -a O -flavoprotein O -from O -hog O -kidneys O -, O -has O -been O -crystalized O -in O -two O -different O -forms O -. O - -aps B-category -Purified O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -endoperoxides O -( O -PGG2 O -and O -PGH2 O -) O -and O -hydroperoxides O -( O -15 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OOH I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -PGE2 I-Chemical -) O -as O -well O -as O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -hydroperoxides O -( O -12 O -- O -OOH O -- O -20 O -: O -4 O -, O -15 O -- O -00H O -- O -20 O -: O -4 O -, O -and O -13 O -- O -OOH O -- O -18 O -: O -2 O -) O -were O -examined O -as O -effectors O -of O -soluble O -splenic O -cell O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -endoperoxides O -or O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -hydroperoxides O -to O -the O -reaction O -mixture O -led O -to O -a O -time O -- O -dependent O -activation O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -; O -2 O -. O -5 O -- O -to O -5 O -- O -fold O -stimulation O -was O -seen O -during O -the O -first O -6 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -upon O -addition O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -endoperoxides O -or O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -hydroperoxides O -was O -prevented O -or O -reversed O -by O -the O -thiol B-Chemical -reductants O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -( O -3 O -to O -5 O -mM O -) O -or O -glutathione B-Chemical -( O -10 O -to O -15 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -PGE2 B-Chemical -, O -PGF2a O -, O -hydroxy O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -13 O -- O -OH O -- O -18 O -: O -2 O -, O -12 O -- O -OH O -- O -20 O -: O -4 O -) O -as O -well O -as O -saturated O -( O -18 O -: O -0 O -) O -monoenoic O -( O -18 O -: O -1 O -) O -, O -dienoic O -( O -18 O -: O -2 O -) O -, O -and O -tetraenoic O -( O -20 O -: O -4 O -) O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -ineffective O -in O -promoting O -cyclase O -activation O -in O -the O -range O -of O -1 O -to O -10 O -micrometer O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -activation O -of O -soluble O -guanylate O -cyclase O -from O -splenic O -cells O -can O -be O -achieved O -by O -the O -oxidation O -of O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -that O -may O -be O -associated O -with O -specific O -hydrophobic O -sites O -of O -the O -enzyme O -or O -a O -related O -regulatory O -component O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -analyses O -of O -isolated O -Muller O -cells O -showed O -that O -( O -a O -) O -these O -cells O -did O -not O -synthesize O -and O -accumulate O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -, O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -or O -catecholamines B-Chemical -when O -incubated O -with O -appropriate O -radioactive O -precursors O -; O -( O -b O -) O -the O -specific O -activities O -of O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -6 O -) O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -( O -EC O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -15 O -) O -, O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -14 O -. O -16 O -. O -2 O -) O -in O -these O -cells O -were O -less O -than O -2 O -percent O -of O -those O -found O -in O -the O -retina O -; O -( O -c O -) O -Muller O -cells O -, O -however O -, O -contained O -high O -activities O -of O -transmitter O -degrading O -enzymes O -- O -acetylcholinesterase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -7 O -) O -and O -gamma O -- O -aminobutyrate O -- O -transamine O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -19 O -) O -; O -and O -( O -d O -) O -the O -cells O -also O -possessed O -high O -levels O -of O -two O -presumably O -glial B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -enzymes I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -EC O -6 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -and O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -( O -EC O -4 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -unusual O -enzyme O -responses O -were O -( O -a O -) O -elevation O -of O -catalase O -activity O -in O -liver O -and O -kidney O -in O -female O -rats O -, O -( O -b O -) O -increased O -activity O -of O -three O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -producing I-Chemical -oxidases O -( O -urate B-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -L O -- O -alpha O -- O -hydroxy O -acid O -oxidase O -, O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -) O -in O -the O -liver O -of O -both O -sexes O -, O -and O -( O -c O -) O -elevation O -of O -activity O -of O -the O -last O -two O -oxidases O -in O -male O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -Retractor O -unguis O -nerve O -muscle O -preparations O -from O -the O -locust O -were O -subjected O -to O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -iodide O -- O -osmium O -tetroxide O -reaction O -( O -ZIO O -) O -after O -pre O -- O -fixation O -in O -glutaraldehyde O -. O - -aps B-category -Ionic O -interactions O -between O -bovine O -chymotrypsinogen O -A O -and O -chondroitin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -A O -. O -B O -. O -C O -. O -. O -A O -possible O -model O -for O -molecular O -aggregation O -in O -zymogen O -granules O -. O - -aps B-category -Small O -amounts O -of O -chondroitin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -were O -found O -able O -to O -induce O -chymotrypsinogen O -precipitation O -. O - -aps B-category -Modification O -of O -human O -RBC O -with O -50 O -- O -- O -350 O -U O -VCN O -/ O -10 O -( O -10 O -) O -RBC O -for O -one O -hour O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -releases O -90 O -- O -100 O -% O -of O -the O -NANA O -and O -produces O -a O -progressive O -decrease O -towards O -zero O -in O -their O -electrophoretic O -mobilities O -when O -measured O -in O -0 O -. O -15 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -) O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -appearance O -of O -positive O -groups O -on O -the O -desialylated O -cells O -was O -indicated O -by O -the O -VCN O -- O -treated O -cells O -displaying O -positive O -mobilities O -below O -approximately O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -and O -increased O -negative O -mobilities O -at O -approximately O -pH O -9 O -as O -well O -as O -substantial O -increases O -in O -their O -mobility O -at O -neutral O -pH O -following O -treatment O -with O -formaldehyde O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -in O -pharmacokinetic O -studies O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -addition O -of O -the O -structurally O -related O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivative O -, O -oxazepam B-Chemical -, O -as O -the O -internal O -standard O -, O -1 O -- O -ml O -samples O -of O -plasma O -or O -urine O -are O -extracted O -twice O -at O -neutral O -pH O -with O -benzene B-Chemical -( O -containing O -1 O -. O -5 O -% O -isoamyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sensitivity O -limits O -are O -1 O -- O -- O -3 O -ng O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -per O -ml O -of O -original O -sample O -, O -and O -the O -variability O -of O -identical O -samples O -is O -5 O -% O -or O -less O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -bands O -, O -which O -migrated O -slowly O -toward O -the O -anode O -on O -prolonged O -focusing O -, O -are O -interpreted O -as O -being O -the O -result O -of O -an O -interaction O -between O -the O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -of O -the O -Ampholine O -and O -the O -numerous O -phosphate B-Chemical -groups O -of O -the O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -include O -use O -of O -a O -check O -valve O -for O -the O -production O -of O -prereduced O -anaerobically O -sterilized O -media O -; O -a O -Salvarsan O -tube O -under O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -gas O -pressure O -for O -the O -dispensing O -of O -molten O -prereduced O -anaerobically O -sterilized O -agar O -medium O -; O -a O -Kelly O -infusion O -bottle O -with O -a O -graduated O -pipette O -side O -arm O -( O -also O -under O -gas O -pressure O -) O -for O -quantitative O -delivery O -of O -fluid O -prereduced O -anaerobically O -sterilized O -media O -; O -and O -screw O -- O -capped O -prescription O -bottles O -for O -the O -cultivation O -of O -anaerobes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulus O -- O -secretion O -coupling O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -insulin O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -also O -inhibited O -glyceraldehyde O -- O -, O -Ba2 O -+ O -- O -, O -and O -sulfonylurea B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -insulun O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -NH4 O -+ O -also O -failed O -to O -affect O -the O -ability O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -and O -cytochalasin O -B O -to O -augment O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -insulin O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Swallowtail O -form O -of O -tooth O -mutilation O -amongst O -Early O -Iron B-Chemical -Age O -people O -living O -at O -Broederstroom O -, O -Transvaal O -, O -circa O -500 O -AD O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Group O -1 O -had O -vague O -histories O -of O -prior O -anaphylactoid O -reaction O -and O -negative O -pretests O -, O -and O -2 O -of O -41 O -( O -4 O -. O -9 O -% O -) O -had O -reactions O -upon O -contrast B-Chemical -radiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Group O -4 O -( O -no O -premedication O -) O -and O -group O -5 O -( O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -premedication O -) O -had O -negative O -pretests O -, O -but O -11 O -of O -53 O -( O -20 O -. O -7 O -% O -) O -and O -3 O -of O -71 O -( O -4 O -. O -2 O -% O -) O -, O -respectively O -, O -developed O -reactions O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -- O -mimetic O -, O -alphablocking O -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -medications O -are O -the O -most O -efficient O -and O -certainly O -the O -less O -dangerous O -for O -the O -fetus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -on O -the O -spontaneous O -release O -of O -transmitter O -at O -insect O -motor O -nerve O -terminals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -frequency O -of O -MEPSPs O -increased O -as O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -increased O -from O -0 O -. O -1 O -to O -10 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -saline O -containing O -elevated O -potassium B-Chemical -( O -20 O -. O -8 O -mM O -) O -, O -increasing O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -produced O -a O -much O -higher O -frequency O -than O -that O -in O -the O -normal O -potassium B-Chemical -saline O -( O -10 O -. O -8 O -mM O -) O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -frequency O -of O -the O -miniature O -potentials O -was O -reduced O -as O -the O -magnesium B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -raised O -from O -0 O -to O -10 O -mM O -, O -depending O -on O -the O -presence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reciprocal O -relationship O -between O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -and O -the O -time O -course O -of O -the O -effect O -suggest O -that O -both O -ions O -act O -at O -the O -same O -surface O -sites O -in O -the O -presynaptic O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -TA O -- O -elicited O -macrophages O -contained O -more O -protein O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -lysosomal O -hydrolases O -, O -and O -in O -particular O -, O -more O -plasminogen O -activator O -than O -the O -other O -cells O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -toxic O -effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -DL O -- O -alpha O -- O -aminoadipic O -acid O -on O -rat O -retina O -: O -changes O -in O -high O -affinity O -uptake O -of O -putative O -transmitters O -. O - -aps B-category -Mouse O -brain O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -following O -treatment O -with O -adrenocorticotrophic O -hormone O -, O -vasopressin B-Chemical -or O -corticosterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Alterations O -in O -receptors O -controlling O -dopamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -after O -chronic O -ethanol B-Chemical -ingestion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lipolytic O -activity O -had O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -5 O -. O -4 O -and O -produced O -partial O -glycerides O -( O -mono O -and O -diglycerides O -) O -, O -glycerol O -, O -and O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacokinetics O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -following O -single O -- O -and O -multiple O -- O -dose O -oral O -administration O -to O -healthy O -human O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Instability O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -in O -acid O -medium O -using O -a O -nonisotopic O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -colorimetric O -method O -adopted O -is O -based O -on O -the O -use O -of O -a O -xanthydrol O -reagent O -after O -extraction O -with O -chloroform B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Digoxin B-Chemical -hydrolysis O -followed O -specific O -acid O -hydrolysis O -, O -and O -K O -values O -of O -the O -apparent O -first O -- O -order O -reaction O -varied O -from O -0 O -. O -0357 O -to O -0 O -. O -0027 O -min O -- O -1 O -over O -the O -pH O -range O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extent O -of O -hydrolysis O -after O -1 O -hr O -in O -the O -USP O -medium O -was O -studied O -using O -three O -brands O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -tablets O -of O -differing O -dissolution O -characteristics O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cumulative O -theophylline B-Chemical -transfer O -rate O -across O -10 O -- O -cm O -everted O -rat O -intestinal O -sacs O -incubated O -at O -37 O -degrees O -in O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -Krebs O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -was O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -theophylline B-Chemical -formation O -rate O -from O -ditheophylline O -succinate O -suspended O -in O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -Krebs O -buffer O -at O -37 O -degrees O -followed O -apparent O -zero O -- O -order O -kinetics O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -oxidation O -in O -weak O -alkaline O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -metabisulfite O -in O -2 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -NaOH B-Chemical -at O -concentrations O -lower O -than O -3 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -epinephrine B-Chemical -oxidation O -; O -however O -, O -in O -concentrations O -from O -5 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -to O -3 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -, O -it O -greatly O -accelerated O -this O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -on O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -choline B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -striatum O -: O -Implications O -for O -regulation O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -systemic O -administration O -of O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -, O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -, O -decreased O -the O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -content O -in O -the O -striatum O -but O -not O -the O -neocortex O -of O -rats O -killed O -by O -focussed O -microwave O -irradiation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -neither O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -nor O -haloperidol B-Chemical -pretreatment O -had O -any O -effect O -on O -the O -high O -affinity O -accumulation O -of O -choline B-Chemical -by O -striatal O -synaptosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -these O -findings O -, O -we O -conclude O -that O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -synthesis O -is O -regulated O -differently O -in O -the O -striatum O -than O -in O -other O -brain O -regions O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -- O -induced O -increases O -in O -brain O -levels O -of O -this O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -metabolite O -were O -dose O -- O -dependent O -and O -peak O -drug O -effects O -generally O -occurred O -1 O -hr O -after O -intraperitoneal O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -- O -induced O -increases O -in O -brain O -MOPEG O -- O -SO4 O -levels O -were O -antagonized O -by O -naloxone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -tracheas O -were O -isolated O -from O -rats O -pretreated O -with O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -ISO O -) O -or O -terbutaline B-Chemical -, O -they O -were O -found O -to O -be O -considerably O -less O -sensitive O -to O -the O -relaxant O -action O -of O -ISO O -than O -tracheas O -which O -were O -isolated O -from O -saline O -- O -pretreated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -longer O -the O -duration O -of O -pretreatment O -and O -the O -higher O -the O -dose O -of O -ISO O -or O -terbutaline B-Chemical -used O -, O -the O -more O -attenuated O -was O -the O -response O -of O -tracheal O -smooth O -muscle O -to O -ISO O -, O -and O -the O -greater O -was O -the O -Kb O -for O -propranolol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -receptor O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -to O -ISO O -was O -attenuated O -and O -the O -Kb O -for O -the O -propranolol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -receptor O -complex O -was O -elevated O -( O -1 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -) O -; O -however O -, O -Amino O -was O -half O -as O -effective O -in O -these O -tissues O -as O -in O -the O -saline O -control O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Enhancement O -did O -not O -occur O -when O -release O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -was O -blocked O -by O -reducing O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -the O -modified O -Krebs O -' O -solution O -or O -when O -magnesium B-Chemical -or O -manganese O -chlorides O -were O -added O -to O -the O -saline O -during O -the O -conditioning O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenytoin B-Chemical -, O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -, O -did O -not O -reduce O -the O -enhancement O -of O -firing O -. O - -aps B-category -Dibutyryl O -cyclic O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -post O -- O -tetanic O -enhancement O -or O -afterdischarge O -in O -concentrations O -up O -to O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -. O -A O -working O -hypothesis O -is O -proposed O -: O -following O -a O -conditioning O -stimulus O -, O -a O -prolonged O -postsynaptic O -change O -occurs O -which O -results O -in O -an O -increased O -responsiveness O -to O -muscarinic O -agonists O -, O -and O -this O -change O -probably O -involves O -a O -metabolic O -reaction O -since O -it O -is O -reduced O -by O -metabolic O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -pH O -on O -the O -uptake O -and O -efflux O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -from O -cardiac O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -vesicles O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -when O -attached O -to O -a O -beaker O -simulating O -a O -pouch O -and O -when O -attached O -to O -a O -pouch O -whose O -secretion O -was O -suppressed O -by O -infusing O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -the O -apparatus O -accurately O -measured O -added O -acid O -when O -the O -endpoint O -setting O -was O -between O -pH O -3 O -. O -0 O -and O -9 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -while O -stimulation O -of O -acid O -secretion O -by O -topical O -stimulants O -is O -highly O -dependent O -on O -luminal B-Chemical -pH O -, O -secretion O -increasing O -as O -pH O -increases O -, O -stimulation O -by O -parenteral O -agents O -such O -as O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -pentagastrin O -is O -not O -influenced O -by O -luminal B-Chemical -pH O -in O -the O -range O -from O -pH O -1 O -. O -0 O -to O -9 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -was O -measured O -in O -thirty O -new O -- O -born O -dogs O -2 O -- O -27 O -days O -of O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -exchange O -transfusion O -resulted O -in O -increases O -of O -plasma O -pH O -, O -P O -( O -CO2 O -) O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -in O -the O -puppies O -without O -changing O -plasma O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -or O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -( O -g O -. O -f O -. O -r O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -No O -animals O -excreted O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -at O -plasma O -levels O -below O -25 O -mM O -and O -some O -animals O -had O -plasma O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -threshold O -values O -in O -excess O -of O -40 O -mM O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -renal O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -by O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -resulted O -in O -an O -inhibition O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -of O -only O -4 O -. O -5 O -muequiv O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -good O -correlation O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -82 O -) O -between O -inhibition O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -during O -renal O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -demonstrate O -that O -tubular O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -mechanisms O -in O -the O -new O -- O -born O -dog O -are O -as O -efficient O -as O -those O -reported O -for O -the O -adult O -as O -long O -as O -body O -fluid O -and O -plasma O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -levels O -are O -carefully O -maintained O -. O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamine O -and O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -uptake O -by O -rat O -renal O -brushborder O -membrane O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -components O -were O -stimulated O -specifically O -by O -a O -sodium B-Chemical -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamine O -entry O -at O -0 O -. O -06 O -mM O -was O -inhibited O -by O -a O -variety O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -at O -3 O -mM O -, O -including O -dibasic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -valine O -, O -and O -phenylalanine O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -metabolic O -alteration O -of O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -observed O -on O -incubation O -with O -membrane O -vesicles O -, O -but O -glutamine B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -hydrolyzed O -to O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -upon O -prolonged O -incubation O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -provide O -support O -for O -the O -existence O -of O -an O -uptake O -system O -in O -the O -brushborder O -of O -the O -renal O -proximal O -tubule O -cell O -capable O -of O -handling O -the O -reabsorption O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -normally O -present O -in O -glomerular O -filtrate O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -activity O -of O -perhexiline O -was O -compared O -with O -that O -of O -propanolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -other O -solutions O -, O -such O -as O -the O -Bretschneider O -solution O -, O -which O -have O -extremes O -of O -electrolyre O -concentration O -, O -are O -associated O -with O -a O -complex O -dose O -- O -response O -relationship O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -studies O -suggest O -that O -the O -relative O -patterns O -and O -rates O -of O -re O -- O -equilibration O -of O -various O -ions O -, O -especially O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -during O -infusion O -may O -play O -a O -major O -role O -in O -determining O -the O -efficacy O -of O -the O -infusate O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Critical O -observation O -of O -long O -- O -term O -care O -of O -climacteric O -disorders O -with O -estrogens B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolism O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -to O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -proceeds O -in O -the O -liver O -via O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -ADH O -) O -and O -the O -microsomal O -ethanol B-Chemical -oxidizing O -system O -( O -MEOS O -) O -, O -whereas O -catalase O -plays O -no O -significant O -role O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversely O -, O -the O -MEOS O -resides O -in O -the O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -, O -requires O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -O2 O -, O -is O -inhibited O -by O -CO O -, O -and O -exhibits O -a O -Km O -of O -about O -10 O -mM O -for O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -cyclic O -GMP O -, O -cyclic O -AMP O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -by O -putative O -neurotransmitters O -in O -the O -C6 O -rat O -glioma O -cell O -line O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -chemical O -stability O -of O -beta O -- O -hydroxyphenylalkylhydroxylamines O -and O -its O -relevance O -to O -the O -metabolism O -of O -amphetamines B-Chemical -and O -ephedrines O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -concentrations O -close O -to O -those O -expected O -in O -plasma O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -alone O -, O -or O -combined O -with O -other O -renal O -fuels O -, O -inhibits O -ammoniagenesis O -markedly O -; O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -citrate B-Chemical -decrease O -ammoniagenesis O -slightly O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -decreasing O -the O -ammoniagenesis O -of O -renal O -slices O -from O -control O -rats O -, O -the O -presence O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -causes O -an O -augmented O -accumulation O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -glutamate B-Chemical -is O -substituted O -for O -glutamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -medium O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -still O -decreases O -ammonia B-Chemical -production O -, O -but O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -with O -acidotic O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -lactate B-Chemical -alone O -and O -combined O -with O -other O -substrates O -decreases O -ammoniagenesis O -primarily O -at O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -step O -and O -that O -slices O -from O -acidotic O -rats O -are O -relatively O -resistant O -to O -substrate O -mediated O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -carbohydrate O -( O -CHO O -) O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -P O -) O -, O -but O -not O -lipid O -( O -L O -) O -, O -significantly O -increased O -T3 O -generation O -above O -values O -observed O -in O -the O -starved O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -CHO O -and O -P O -, O -but O -not O -L O -, O -are O -important O -modulators O -of O -hepatic O -outer O -ring O -thyronine O -deiodination O -in O -the O -rat O -, O -perhaps O -due O -to O -increased O -intracellular O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -paper O -confirms O -the O -existence O -of O -a O -peroxide B-Chemical -mechanism O -involved O -in O -oxidation O -of O -iron B-Chemical -and O -manganeses O -by O -the O -most O -typical O -iron B-Chemical -bacteria O -growing O -at O -neutral O -acidity O -of O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -variants O -of O -iron B-Chemical -and O -manganese O -oxidation O -by O -iron B-Chemical -bacteria O -are O -discussed O -, O -including O -the O -conditions O -for O -" O -symbiotic O -" O -oxidation O -of O -manganese O -by O -mixed O -cultures O -of O -microorganisms O -. O - -aps B-category -K3Fe O -( O -CN O -) O -6 O -, O -ascorbic O -acid O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -thioglycolate O -and O -K4Fe O -( O -CN O -) O -6 O -were O -found O -to O -be O -suitable O -for O -buffering O -the O -Eh O -of O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -compared O -in O -subcellular O -fractions O -of O -Torulopsis O -candida O -grown O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -( O -" O -glucose B-Chemical -cells O -" O -) O -and O -on O -hexadecane O -( O -" O -hexadecane O -cells O -" O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Soluble O -ADH O -of O -" O -glucose B-Chemical -cells O -" O -actively O -dehydrated O -all O -alcohols O -tested O -from O -C2 O -to O -C16 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -character O -of O -changes O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -ADH O -toward O -various O -alcohols O -in O -the O -course O -of O -physiological O -adaptation O -of O -the O -yeast O -to O -oxidation O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -hexadecane O -suggests O -that O -both O -soluble O -and O -bound O -ADH O -contain O -at O -least O -two O -ADH O -, O -one O -of O -which O -is O -specific O -to O -lower O -alcohols O -and O -the O -other O -to O -higher O -alcohols O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -result O -revealed O -a O -far O -- O -reaching O -potassium B-Chemical -neutrality O -of O -diuresis O -- O -depending O -stimulation O -of O -renin O -by O -the O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blocker O -. O - -aps B-category -Mapping O -of O -the O -locus O -involved O -in O -the O -catabolic O -oxidation O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -PAO O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -conjugal O -and O -transductional O -mediated O -gene O -transfers O -have O -established O -the O -chromosomal O -location O -of O -this O -gene O -and O -also O -its O -pleotropic O -function O -in O -the O -induction O -of O -the O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -involved O -in O -the O -oxidative O -utilization O -of O -DL O -- O -valine O -, O -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -and O -L O -- O -proline O -. O - -aps B-category -Early O -gastric O -lavage O -, O -good O -monitoring O -of O -the O -vital O -functions O -and O -, O -if O -necessary O -, O -administration O -of O -anticonvulsive O -drugs O -, O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agents O -, O -lidocaine B-Chemical -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -and O -artificial O -ventilation O -and O -cardiac O -defibrillation O -are O -the O -most O -important O -therapeutical O -measures O -. O - -aps B-category -Steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -meiotic O -division O -in O -Xenopus O -laevis O -oocytes O -: O -surface O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -is O -reported O -which O -indicates O -that O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -acts O -at O -the O -level O -of O -the O -cell O -surface O -and O -suggests O -that O -an O -induced O -change O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -distribution O -triggers O -in O -turn O -a O -cascade O -of O -cytoplasmic O -events O -including O -protein O -synthesis O -and O -germinal O -vesicle O -( O -nucleus O -) O -breakdown O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -was O -evaluated O -on O -spontaneous O -activity O -and O -drug O -- O -and O -electrically O -- O -elicited O -inhibitions O -of O -neuronal O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -were O -readily O -reversible O -, O -and O -could O -be O -antagonized O -by O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -; O -no O -effect O -on O -glycine B-Chemical -or O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -inhibition O -was O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Disseminated O -cholesterol B-Chemical -emboli O -; O -clinical O -aspects O -resembling O -polyarteritis O -nodosa O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Redistribution O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -and O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -and O -water O -shift O -across O -the O -red O -cell O -membrane O -of O -human O -and O -ruminant O -blood O -with O -changes O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -and O -acid O -base O -balance O -in O -the O -isolated O -rat O -diaphragm O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -net O -acid O -efflux O -increases O -following O -a O -sudden O -decrease O -in O -pCO2 O -and O -decreases O -or O -reverses O -following O -a O -sudden O -increase O -in O -pCO2 O -or O -a O -decrease O -in O -external O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -indicates O -that O -the O -effects O -of O -intracellular O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -buffers O -can O -be O -transmitted O -to O -the O -external O -solution O -following O -a O -change O -in O -pCO2 O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Correlation O -between O -lipase O -secretion O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -in O -gastric O -juice O -of O -children O -during O -the O -pentagastrin O -test O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -properties O -of O -a O -rapidly O -dissociating O -estrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -liver O -protein O -from O -guinea O -pigs O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -given O -protein O -proved O -to O -bind O -estradiol B-Chemical -( O -E2 O -) O -with O -Ka O -of O -the O -10 O -( O -7 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -order O -and O -possessed O -a O -rather O -marked O -hormonal O -affinity O -specificity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -conclusion O -was O -drawn O -on O -a O -close O -similarity O -between O -the O -given O -protein O -of O -guinea O -pigs O -and O -of O -a O -special O -estrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -protein O -of O -the O -liver O -in O -male O -rats O -detected O -by O -the O -authors O -earlier O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -the O -DNA O -incubated O -in O -the O -complete O -system O -with O -either O -1 O -M O -piperidine O -or O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -NaOH B-Chemical -at O -90 O -degrees O -revealed O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labile I-Chemical -lesions O -in O -the O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -show O -that O -modification O -of O -DNA O -by O -aflatoxin O -B1 O -creates O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labile I-Chemical -sites O -at O -positions O -of O -guanine O -and O -, O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -, O -adenine O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidation O -of O -substrate O -( O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -) O -leads O -to O -the O -development O -of O -an O -electrochemical O -gradient O -of O -protons O -across O -the O -membrane O -( O -interior O -negative O -and O -alkaline O -) O -, O -which O -is O -composed O -of O -interconvertible O -electrical O -and O -chemical O -gradients O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -number O -of O -binding O -sites O -induced O -by O -passive O -, O -carrier O -- O -mediated O -lactose O -efflux O -is O -independent O -of O -pH O -between O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -and O -pH O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -are O -discussed O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -function O -of O -the O -hemoglobin O -as O -an O -oxygen B-Chemical -pump O -. O - -aps B-category -Conditions O -of O -2 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -25 O -M O -MgCl2 O -, O -or O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -disrupt O -the O -coat O -and O -solubilize O -clathrin O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -- O -pH O -- O -solubilized O -clathrin O -reassembles O -after O -dialysis O -against O -buffer O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -containing O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -nerve O -growth O -factor O -to O -PC O -- O -G2 O -causes O -a O -4 O -- O -to O -8 O -- O -fold O -induction O -in O -the O -specific O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -[ O -tyrosine B-Chemical -3 O -- O -monooxygenase O -; O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -, O -tetrahydropteridine O -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -( O -3 O -- O -hydroxylating O -) O -; O -EC O -1 O -. O -14 O -. O -16 O -. O -2 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexamethasone B-Chemical -enhances O -the O -nerve O -growth O -factor O -- O -mediated O -elevation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -PC O -- O -12 O -cell O -line O -( O -derived O -from O -the O -same O -tumor O -) O -, O -in O -which O -neurite O -outgrowth O -occurs O -in O -response O -to O -nerve O -growth O -factor O -, O -there O -is O -no O -morphological O -change O -or O -alteration O -in O -growth O -rate O -of O -PC O -- O -G2 O -cells O -after O -exposure O -to O -nerve O -growth O -factor O -. O - -aps B-category -Kainate B-Chemical -, O -a O -conformational O -analogue O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -blocks O -synaptic O -transmission O -across O -the O -giant O -synapse O -of O -the O -squid O -. O - -aps B-category -Kainate B-Chemical -depolarizes O -the O -postsynaptic O -axon O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -catecholamines B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -offspring O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -elucidate O -some O -possible O -brain O -biochemical O -mechanisms O -that O -could O -explain O -the O -behavioral O -changes O -observed O -we O -have O -determined O -the O -endogenous O -content O -of O -brain O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -the O -in O -vivo O -rate O -of O -conversion O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C14 I-Chemical -in O -such O -amines B-Chemical -and O -the O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -, O -the O -rate O -limiting O -enzyme O -in O -catecholamines B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -treatment O -with O -amphetamines B-Chemical -during O -fetal O -age O -produces O -catecholamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -modifications O -that O -persist O -throughout O -adulthood O -, O -although O -the O -influence O -of O -behavioral O -modifications O -of O -the O -mothers O -cannot O -be O -ruled O -out O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -- O -induced O -accumulation O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -in O -incubated O -tissue O -slices O -of O -mouse O -lung O -was O -inhibited O -by O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -( O -CPZ O -) O -and O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -by O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Again O -CPZ O -was O -more O -potent O -than O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -and O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -on O -performance O -as O -related O -to O -personality O -characteristics O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -minutes O -before O -the O -tests O -, O -the O -subjects O -ingested O -either O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O -, O -5g O -/ O -kg O -or O -a O -placebo O -drink O -, O -incombination O -with O -the O -last O -capsule O -. O - -aps B-category -Indication O -of O -an O -antipsychotic O -action O -of O -the O -opiate O -antagonist O -naloxone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -18 O -of O -these O -patients O -were O -not O -treated O -with O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -; O -13 O -suffered O -from O -an O -acute O -episode O -of O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Action O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -: O -electrophysiological O -analysis O -on O -neurones O -of O -the O -sea O -hare O -, O -Aplysia O -californica O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -observed O -successes O -in O -therapy O -point O -at O -the O -result O -and O -effect O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -on O -extra O -- O -pyramidalmotoric O -hyperkinesias O -which O -got O -little O -attention O -until O -now O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -striatonigral O -fibres O -and O -the O -feedback O -control O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Estimations O -of O -striatal O -concentrations O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -, O -dihydroxyphenyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -DOPAC B-Chemical -) O -and O -homovanillic O -acid O -( O -HVA O -) O -inducated O -that O -these O -lesions O -had O -no O -influence O -either O -on O -normal O -striatal O -DA O -turnover O -or O -on O -the O -enhancement O -of O -DA O -turnover O -induced O -by O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -, O -chlordiazepoxide O -, O -lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -and O -meprobamate O -( O -i O -. O -p O -. O -, O -30 O -min O -before O -water O -omission O -) O -, O -increased O -the O -time O -spent O -licking O -the O -empty O -bottles O -, O -but O -failed O -to O -abolish O -subsequently O -enhanced O -drinking O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -age O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -chronic O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -: O -relevance O -to O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -story O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -arachidonic O -acid O -stimulation O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -was O -abolished O -by O -incubation O -with O -indomethacin B-Chemical -and O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -thus O -suggesting O -the O -arachidonic O -acid O -effect O -may O -be O -carried O -out O -via O -the O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -failure O -of O -the O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -to O -have O -an O -effect O -may O -be O -due O -to O -several O -reasons O -which O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -organelles O -, O -with O -assayed O -marker O -enzymes O -and O -modal O -densities O -between O -brackets O -were O -characterised O -: O -peroxisomes O -( O -catalase O -, O -1 O -. O -21 O -) O -; O -brush O -borders O -( O -zinc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -alpha O -- O -glucosidase O -, O -leucyl O -- O -beta O -- O -naphthyl O -- O -amidase O -, O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transferase O -, O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -1 O -. O -20 O -) O -; O -lysosomes O -( O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -beta O -- O -glucosaminidase O -, O -alpha O -- O -mannosidase O -, O -1 O -. O -19 O -) O -; O -mitochondria O -( O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -1 O -. O -18 O -) O -; O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -( O -Tris O -- O -resistant O -alpha O -- O -glucosidase O -, O -1 O -. O -16 O -) O -; O -basal O -- O -lateral O -membranes O -( O -5 O -' O -- O -nucleotidase O -, O -1 O -. O -11 O -) O -and O -cytosol O -( O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurements O -of O -branchial O -cavity O -water O -pressures O -and O -flow O -patterns O -, O -arterial O -blood O -PO2 O -and O -pH O -, O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -utilization O -and O -uptake O -have O -been O -made O -in O -undisturbed O -, O -free O -swimming O -sturgeon O -, O -Acipenser O -transmontanus O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -was O -changed O -by O -varying O -CO2 O -concentration O -( O -CO2 O -Bohr O -effect O -) O -or O -by O -addition O -of O -NaOH B-Chemical -or O -HCl O -at O -constant O -PCO2 O -( O -fixed O -acid O -Bohr O -effect O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -fetal O -blood O -, O -CO2 O -Bohr O -factor O -was O -- O -0 O -. O -45 O -at O -50 O -% O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -, O -unchanging O -at O -lower O -saturation O -and O -decreasing O -in O -magnitude O -at O -higher O -saturation O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -saturation O -dependency O -of O -Bohr O -factor O -is O -not O -great O -enough O -to O -have O -major O -physiological O -significance O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -transfer O -across O -the O -sheep O -placenta O -. O - -aps B-category -Nomograms O -and O -equations O -were O -derived O -that O -allowed O -the O -estimation O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -in O -a O -sample O -of O -blood O -in O -the O -range O -0 O -to O -100 O -% O -, O -either O -from O -pH O -, O -PCO2 O -and O -PO2 O -, O -or O -from O -PO2 O -and O -known O -P50 O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Studies O -of O -the O -treatment O -of O -gastric O -and O -duodenal O -ulcer O -with O -sulpiride B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -receptor O -antagonists O -in O -gastroduodenal O -pathology O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -active O -against O -putrescine O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -was O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -carbonyl O -group O -reagents O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -fluoride B-Chemical -toxicity O -: O -the O -influence O -of O -acid O -- O -base O -status O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -ammonia B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -on O -the O -course O -of O -pH O -, O -ATP O -, O -and O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -PDG O -of O -CPD O -red O -blood O -cells O -stored O -at O -three O -temperatures O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -however O -, O -at O -25 O -and O -4 O -C O -no O -buffering O -was O -obtained O -with O -basic O -phosphate B-Chemical -concentrations O -up O -to O -50 O -mM O -, O -but O -values O -for O -both O -ATP O -and O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -were O -higher O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -treated O -aliquots O -than O -in O -controls O -throughout O -storage O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -variation O -of O -the O -concentration O -of O -adipose O -- O -tissue O -LPLA O -in O -the O -fasting O -state O -in O -this O -population O -was O -explained O -only O -to O -a O -minor O -extent O -by O -the O -variation O -of O -S O -- O -insulin O -and O -blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -parameters O -, O -when O -analysed O -statistically O -by O -a O -stepwise O -multiple O -- O -regression O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -Terbutaline B-Chemical -, O -a O -selective O -beta2 O -- O -receptor O -- O -stimulating O -agent O -, O -was O -tested O -in O -9 O -persons O -and O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -a O -general O -beta O -- O -receptor O -- O -stimulating O -agent O -, O -was O -tested O -in O -7 O -persons O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -the O -maximum O -increase O -in O -the O -bladder O -volume O -was O -15 O -% O -and O -on O -an O -average O -around O -5 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Jeremiah O -Metzger O -Lecture O -: O -Of O -gold B-Chemical -and O -pneumococci O -: O -a O -history O -of O -pneumococcal O -vaccines O -in O -South O -Africa O -. O - -aps B-category -Slow O -freezing O -to O -- O -25 O -degrees O -or O -quick O -freezing O -to O -- O -196 O -degrees O -did O -not O -affect O -distinctly O -the O -rate O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidation O -after O -thawing O -, O -but O -oxidation O -of O -DMC O -by O -microsomes O -was O -decreased O -in O -both O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -less O -malignant O -hepatoma O -48 O -the O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -and O -content O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -were O -similar O -to O -those O -found O -in O -normal O -liver O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ratio O -cAMP B-Chemical -/ O -cGMP B-Chemical -was O -decreased O -in O -the O -most O -malignant O -tumors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diagnosis O -was O -made O -in O -the O -stage O -of O -an O -acute O -exacerbation O -with O -cardiac O -symptomatology O -which O -began O -after O -the O -medicamentous O -treatment O -with O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Analytical O -investigations O -of O -extracts O -after O -acid O -hydrolysis O -are O -in O -use O -especially O -considering O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -screening O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -report O -contains O -data O -concerning O -clinical O -studies O -of O -a O -new O -Soviet O -tranquilizer O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivative O -- O -- O -phenazepam O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -investigated O -Candida O -guilliermondii O -strain O -after O -growth O -on O -n O -- O -alkanes O -as O -the O -only O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -energy O -source O -5 O -- O -- O -10 O -nMol O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -per O -g O -cells O -( O -wet O -weight O -) O -could O -be O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -Methotrexate B-Chemical -and O -citrovorum O -factor O -after O -histoincompatible O -allogeneic O -bone O -marrow O -transplants O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -between O -the O -unsaturated O -plasma O -folate B-Chemical -binder O -and O -in O -vivo O -labelled O -plasma O -folate B-Chemical -binder O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -endogenous O -plasma O -folate B-Chemical -binder O -is O -not O -identical O -with O -the O -unsaturated O -binder O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -salbutamol B-Chemical -( O -a O -comparatively O -selective O -adrenergic O -beta2 O -- O -receptor O -agonist O -) O -on O -the O -peripheral O -platelet O -concentration O -was O -studied O -before O -and O -after O -the O -ingestion O -of O -either O -50 O -mg O -metoprolol B-Chemical -or O -40 O -mg O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Prior O -to O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -administration O -a O -statistically O -significant O -lowering O -in O -platelet O -- O -bound O -radioactivity O -( O -PBR O -) O -was O -obtained O -in O -response O -to O -the O -salbutamol B-Chemical -infusions O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -with O -different O -levels O -of O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -were O -exposed O -to O -10 O -min O -of O -complete O -brain O -ischemia O -achieved O -by O -compression O -of O -neck O -vessels O -by O -a O -pneumatic O -cuff O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -stannous O -fluoride B-Chemical -on O -human O -plaque O -acidogenicity O -in O -situ O -( O -Stephan O -curve O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -reduction O -of O -the O -stannous O -fluoride B-Chemical -concentration O -increased O -the O -pH O -drops O -and O -decreased O -the O -duration O -of O -the O -inhibiting O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -tin O -accumulated O -in O -dental O -plaque O -after O -application O -of O -solutions O -containing O -stannous O -fluoride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relation O -of O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -sequences O -in O -the O -message O -and O -of O -the O -short O -nucleotide B-Chemical -sequence O -in O -3 O -' O -terminus O -of O -16 O -S O -ribosomal O -RNA O -was O -found O -to O -differ O -from O -statistical O -expectancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Caffeine B-Chemical -did O -not O -influence O -the O -percentage O -of O -EA O -positive O -cells O -in O -cultures O -infected O -with O -untreated O -virus O -; O -however O -, O -the O -drug O -exhibited O -a O -marked O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -EA O -production O -after O -infection O -with O -UV O -- O -irradiated O -virus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -caffeine B-Chemical -effect O -was O -merely O -directed O -against O -the O -synthesis O -of O -R O -( O -restricted O -) O -component O -of O -EA O -; O -its O -influence O -on O -the O -D O -( O -diffuse O -) O -component O -formation O -was O -negligible O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -young O -CEC O -, O -TEV O -- O -induced O -interferon B-Chemical -was O -stimulated O -by O -coinfecting O -LCMV O -; O -LCMV O -alone O -never O -has O -induced O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Awareness O -of O -these O -criteria O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -improved O -selection O -of O -candidates O -for O -drug O -treatment O -and O -early O -intervention O -in O -recurrent O -illness O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extent O -of O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -adsorption O -to O -some O -food O -residues O -could O -be O -clinically O -important O -. O - -aps B-category -Chenodeoxycholic O -acid O -was O -preferentially O -bound O -to O -the O -particulate B-Chemical -matter I-Chemical -of O -stools O -of O -patients O -eating O -the O -fiber O -- O -containing O -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -dipstick O -procedures O -and O -an O -automated O -quantitative O -urinary O -nitrite B-Chemical -assay O -were O -used O -to O -study O -nitrite B-Chemical -in O -786 O -samples O -of O -urine O -submitted O -to O -the O -bacteriology O -laboratory O -for O -routine O -culture O -and O -sensitivity O -testing O -. O - -aps B-category -Limited O -nitrate B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -urine O -was O -not O -a O -significant O -cause O -of O -false O -- O -negative O -nitrite B-Chemical -results O -. O - -aps B-category -Ascorbic O -acid O -, O -abnormal O -amounts O -of O -urobilinogen O -, O -and O -urinary O -pH O -below O -6 O -. O -0 O -are O -all O -possible O -causes O -of O -false O -- O -negative O -nitrite B-Chemical -determinations O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -H O -- O -2 O -receptors O -are O -thought O -to O -mediate O -gastric O -acid O -secretory O -responses O -, O -whereas O -H O -- O -1 O -receptors O -supposedly O -regulate O -mucosal O -vascular O -responses O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -antagonists O -also O -reversed O -the O -systemic O -circulatory O -depressor O -effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -its O -analogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pre O -- O -ejection O -period O -( O -PEP O -) O -showed O -no O -significant O -relationship O -with O -heart O -rate O -in O -the O -unstressed O -fetuses O -, O -but O -the O -acceleration O -of O -heart O -rate O -induced O -by O -epinephrine B-Chemical -was O -accompanied O -by O -shortening O -of O -PEP O -. O - -aps B-category -Alteration O -of O -the O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -level O -by O -injection O -of O -insulin O -or O -glucose B-Chemical -did O -not O -affect O -PEP O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -of O -these O -lines O -of O -advance O -promises O -to O -lead B-Chemical -to O -further O -progress O -in O -the O -future O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -leukopenia O -with O -lithium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -: O -a O -preliminary O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -Digitalis B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -the O -elderly O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -cardiotropic O -effect O -of O -antidepressants B-Chemical -in O -aging O -patients O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -quinidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -effect O -prolongs O -the O -QT O -- O -interval O -of O -ECG O -and O -can O -induce O -reentry O -and O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -. O - -aps B-category -Penicillin B-Chemical -is O -still O -the O -first O -choice O -among O -all O -antibiotics O -, O -penicillin B-Chemical -substitutes O -, O -to O -be O -used O -in O -case O -of O -allergies O -, O -are O -listed O -according O -to O -their O -order O -of O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -between O -different O -cortex O -regions O -revealed O -a O -good O -correlation O -between O -increased O -values O -of O -the O -diameter O -and O -the O -projected O -area O -, O -a O -decreased O -specific O -surface O -area O -and O -diminished O -capillary O -distances O -, O -which O -entail O -a O -shortened O -distance O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -diffusion O -through O -the O -cortical O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -and O -sensitive O -fluorometric O -assay O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -has O -been O -no O -description O -of O -the O -hemodynamic O -dose O -- O -response O -relationship O -between O -halothane B-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -( O -SNP O -) O -, O -although O -these O -drugs O -are O -used O -together O -frequently O -for O -induction O -of O -deliberate O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside B-Chemical -infusion O -resulted O -in O -dose O -- O -related O -reductions O -in O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -, O -systemic O -vascular O -resistance O -, O -and O -left O -ventricular O -stroke O -work O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -output O -increase O -as O -the O -SNP O -infusion O -rate O -increased O -, O -whereas O -increasing O -the O -halothane B-Chemical -concentration O -resulted O -in O -a O -reduction O -of O -cardiac O -output O -at O -each O -SNP O -infusion O -rate O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside B-Chemical -predictably O -induced O -hypotension O -during O -halothane B-Chemical -anesthesia O -at O -the O -cost O -of O -a O -dose O -- O -related O -metabolic O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -acidosis O -, O -however O -, O -developed O -no O -more O -rapidly O -at O -2 O -% O -halothane B-Chemical -than O -it O -did O -at O -0 O -. O -5 O -or O -1 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -pH O -on O -protein O -binding O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Percent O -binding O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -was O -inversely O -related O -to O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ion I-Chemical -and O -lidocaine B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -case O -of O -the O -latter O -, O -it O -show O -either O -a O -more O -or O -less O -typical O -appearance O -of O -radicolography O -only O -or O -, O -more O -rarely O -, O -a O -picture O -which O -combines O -opacification O -of O -the O -epidural O -space O -with O -the O -subarachnoid O -passage O -of O -the O -contrast B-Chemical -medium I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Parenteral O -nutrition O -and O -concentrated O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -solution O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Azonutril O -25 O -was O -given O -as O -nutritive O -melange O -, O -maintaining O -a O -calorie B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -ratio O -of O -150 O -to O -200 O -calories O -for O -every O -added O -gram O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -improvement O -in O -nitrogen B-Chemical -balance O -in O -fifteen O -patients O -is O -strongly O -significant O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -and O -can O -be O -correlated O -with O -weight O -gain O -and O -with O -the O -classic O -immunological O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Cerebral O -effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -List O -of O -caissons O -of O -hyperbaric O -oxygen B-Chemical -( O -France O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Antipsychotic O -neuroplegic O -and O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Transport O -and O -accumulation O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -regulation O -of O -intracellular O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -giant O -axons O -of O -Loligo O -and O -Myxicola O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -ion O -regulation O -in O -barnacle O -muscle O -fibers O -and O -its O -relation O -to O -force O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracellular O -and O -extracellular O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -in O -transmitter O -release O -at O -the O -neuromuscular O -synapse O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -the O -fast O -information O -transfer O -represented O -by O -the O -end O -- O -plate O -potential O -, O -the O -electrochemical O -gradient O -for O -calcium B-Chemical -across O -the O -presynaptic O -membrane O -and O -the O -associated O -calcium B-Chemical -conductance O -seem O -to O -play O -the O -primary O -role O -. O - -aps B-category -Rod O -disk O -calcium B-Chemical -movement O -and O -transduction O -: O -a O -poorly O -illuminated O -story O -. O - -aps B-category -Lysinoalanine O -in O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -proteins O -and O -factors O -influencing O -its O -biological O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparative O -study O -of O -three O -beta O -1 O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -blocking O -drugs O -with O -different O -degree O -of O -intrinsic O -stimulating O -activity O -( O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -practolol O -and O -H O -87 O -/ O -07 O -) O -in O -patients O -with O -angina O -pectoris O -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -being O -devoid O -of O -I O -. O -S O -. O -A O -. O -, O -practolol O -having O -moderate O -I O -. O -S O -. O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -rest O -, O -the O -heart O -rate O -was O -significantly O -lower O -on O -metoprolol B-Chemical -than O -on O -practolol O -or O -H O -87 O -/ O -07 O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -differences O -were O -found O -between O -the O -three O -test O -periods O -with O -regard O -to O -daily O -activity O -, O -expressed O -as O -the O -number O -of O -steps O -walked O -, O -while O -on O -the O -beta O -- O -blocker O -with O -high O -I O -. O -S O -. O -A O -. O -, O -H O -87 O -/ O -07 O -, O -the O -attack O -rate O -and O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -consumption O -were O -significantly O -higher O -than O -when O -the O -patients O -were O -on O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -practolol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -efficiency O -of O -poliovirus O -elution O -from O -fiber O -glass O -cartridge O -filters O -( O -K27 O -) O -, O -epoxy O -- O -fiber O -glass O -- O -asbestos O -filters O -( O -M780 O -) O -, O -and O -pleated O -cartridge O -filters O -was O -assessed O -by O -using O -3 O -% O -beef O -extract O -( O -pH O -9 O -. O -0 O -) O -or O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -glycine B-Chemical -( O -pH O -11 O -. O -5 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Elution O -with O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -glycine B-Chemical -( O -pH O -11 O -. O -5 O -) O -followed O -by O -inorganic O -flocculation O -resulted O -in O -a O -mean O -recovery O -efficiency O -of O -36 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Inactivation O -of O -pig O -heart O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -by O -beta O -- O -chloroalanine O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -kidney O -guanylate O -cyclase O -by O -cobalt B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -heparin B-Chemical -to O -human O -plasma O -low O -density O -lipoprotein O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -conformational O -change O -associated O -with O -substrate O -inhibition O -by O -malate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Biosynthesis O -of O -alkane O -- O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diols O -: O -enzymatic O -reduction O -of O -3 O -- O -hydroxyoctadecane O -- O -2 O -- O -one O -to O -octadecane O -- O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diol O -by O -a O -NADPH B-Chemical -( O -B O -- O -side O -) O -specific O -microsomal O -reductase O -from O -the O -uropygial O -glands O -of O -ring O -- O -necked O -pheasants O -( O -Phasianus O -colchicus O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Experimental O -analysis O -of O -interference O -between O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -stimulants O -with O -anti O -- O -hypertensive O -activity O -and O -the O -narcotic O -activity O -of O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -drugs O -with O -various O -pharmacological O -effects O -before O -the O -intravenous O -challenge O -with O -compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -allowed O -us O -to O -conclude O -that O -the O -following O -effects O -are O -not O -sufficient O -to O -prevent O -the O -lethal O -shock O -: O -inhibition O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -; O -H2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -histamine I-Chemical -antagonism O -; O -cholinergic O -, O -alpha O -- O -or O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -; O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -stimulation O -; O -CNS O -- O -effects O -of O -antidepressants B-Chemical -, O -hypnotics O -, O -sedatives O -, O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -or O -narcotic O -analgesics O -; O -ganglion O -blockade O -; O -glucocorticoid O -or O -cromoglycate O -- O -like O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anticholinesterase O -( O -antiChE O -) O -activity O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -droperidol B-Chemical -and O -trifluperidol O -was O -studied O -by O -employing O -dog O -plasma O -as O -a O -cholinesterase O -source O -and O -changes O -in O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -, O -elecited O -by O -a O -mixture O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -Ach O -) O -and O -dog O -plasma O -with O -or O -without O -those O -drugs O -, O -as O -an O -indicator O -of O -their O -antiChE O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Propranolol I-Chemical -showed O -a O -similar O -profile O -of O -central O -depressant O -actions O -to O -dl O -- O -indenolol O -, O -whereas O -dl O -- O -practolol O -revealed O -no O -significant O -central O -effects O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -aminophylline B-Chemical -or O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -on O -glucagon O -release O -by O -a O -vasoactive O -adenosine B-Chemical -analogue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adenosine B-Chemical -antagonist O -, O -aminophylline B-Chemical -, O -inhibited O -both O -the O -glucagon O -- O -releasing O -and O -the O -blood O -pressure O -lowering O -effects O -of O -744 O -- O -96 O -( O -10 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -adenosine B-Chemical -analogue O -mediates O -glucagon O -release O -by O -interaction O -with O -so O -- O -called O -adenosine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -prolactin O -level O -elevation O -and O -breast O -cancer O -: O -an O -emerging O -clinical O -issue O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -available O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -including O -reserpine B-Chemical -, O -raise O -serum O -prolactin O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -although O -some O -human O -mammary O -tumors O -are O -prolactin O -dependent O -, O -the O -available O -evidence O -does O -not O -demonstrate O -an O -increased O -risk O -of O -breast O -cancer O -in O -women O -receiving O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -retrospective O -study O -describes O -the O -response O -of O -13 O -delusional O -unipolar O -depressives O -to O -combination O -antipsychotic O -- O -tricyclic O -antidepressant B-Chemical -drug O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -contrasts O -sharply O -with O -the O -low O -response O -rate O -described O -for O -delusional O -depressives O -when O -treated O -with O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -reviewed O -the O -literature O -on O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -in O -depressive O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -argument O -is O -made O -that O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -are O -primarily O -anxiolytic O -rather O -than O -antidepressant B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -review O -surveys O -the O -therapeutic O -efficacy O -of O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -and O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitors O -in O -schizophrenic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -particular O -, O -the O -conditions O -of O -agitated O -patients O -and O -patients O -with O -histories O -of O -social O -deviance O -dating O -back O -to O -childhood O -were O -often O -made O -worse O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -an O -antidepressant B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenously O -administered O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -causes O -a O -consistent O -rise O -in O -human O -serum O -growth O -hormone O -level O -, O -with O -peak O -values O -usually O -occurring O -30 O -minutes O -after O -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -rise O -in O -serum O -growth O -hormone O -level O -, O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -changes O -in O -cardiovascular O -variables O -and O -talkativeness O -are O -not O -altered O -by O -antipsychotic O -medications O -or O -diagnostic O -classification O -. O - -aps B-category -Metal O -chelate O -affinity O -chromatography O -of O -hamster O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -interferon B-Chemical -binds O -to O -Cu O -+ O -+ O -chelate O -- O -agarose O -and O -can O -be O -displaced O -from O -the O -column O -by O -a O -falling O -pH O -- O -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -breakdown O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -xylitol O -and O -other O -sugar B-Chemical -alcohols I-Chemical -by O -human O -dental O -plaque O -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -but O -Wallal O -virus O -resisted O -treatment O -with O -ether B-Chemical -at O -1 O -degrees O -for O -22 O -h O -but O -only O -Corriparta O -virus O -resisted O -treatment O -with O -chloroform B-Chemical -at O -1 O -degrees O -for O -22 O -h O -. O -The O -genomes O -of O -the O -orbiviruses O -, O -including O -Corriparta O -virus O -, O -after O -electrophoresis O -in O -acrylamide O -gels O -separated O -into O -basically O -similar O -patterns O -which O -were O -distinct O -from O -the O -pattern O -of O -reovirus O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -from O -steady O -- O -state O -kinetic O -analysis O -of O -yeast O -K O -+ O -- O -activated O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -are O -consistent O -with O -a O -ternary O -complex O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Electron O -- O -paramagnetic O -- O -resonance O -studies O -on O -the O -redox O -properties O -of O -the O -molybdenum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iron I-Chemical -protein O -of O -nitrogenase O -between O -+ O -50 O -and O -- O -450 O -mV O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -the O -sulphite O -adduct O -of O -nicotinamide O -- O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -to O -study O -ionizations O -and O -the O -kinetics O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -adduct O -does O -not O -bind O -to O -the O -enzyme O -when O -histidine O -- O -195 O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -is O -ethoxycarbonylated O -we O -conclude O -that O -the O -protein O -group O -involved O -is O -histidine O -- O -195 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -at O -which O -NAD O -( O -+ O -) O -binds O -to O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -measured O -by O -trapping O -the O -enzyme O -- O -bound O -NAD O -( O -+ O -) O -by O -rapid O -reaction O -with O -sulphite O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -photochemical O -method O -for O -producing O -proton O -nuclear O -polarization O -in O -phenolic O -biogenic O -molecules O -such O -as O -tyrosyl O -polypeptides O -and O -phenolic O -amines B-Chemical -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Typical O -results O -obtained O -with O -insulin O -, O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -other O -phenolic O -molecules O -are O -treated O -in O -detail O -. O - -aps B-category -Transport O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -as O -measured O -in O -ATP O -- O -depleted O -cells O -, O -was O -pH O -- O -dependent O -to O -the O -same O -extent O -as O -transport O -of O -the O -non O -- O -metabolizable O -sugars O -. O - -aps B-category -About O -65 O -- O -85 O -% O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -converted O -into O -lactate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Regional O -changes O -in O -the O -concentrations O -of O -cerebral O -monoamines B-Chemical -and O -their O -metabolites O -after O -ethanolamine O -- O -O O -- O -sulphate O -induced O -elevation O -of O -brain O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -ester O -hydrolase O -activities O -in O -rabbit O -and O -guinea O -pig O -aortas O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -substrate O -preparations O -demonstrated O -an O -acid O -pH O -optimum O -of O -4 O -- O -- O -5 O -for O -the O -soluble O -and O -particulate O -rabbit O -media O -cholesterol B-Chemical -ester O -hydrolase O -, O -suggesting O -a O -lysosomal O -origin O -for O -this O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -rabbit O -media O -enzyme O -, O -activity O -was O -also O -observed O -at O -neutral O -pH O -with O -another O -optimum O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -chloroquine B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -the O -inhibition O -of O -both O -the O -rabbit O -and O -guinea O -pig O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -was O -compared O -with O -promethazine B-Chemical -50 O -mg O -as O -oral O -premedication O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -in O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -use O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -alone O -was O -accompanied O -by O -significantly O -more O -salivation O -during O -and O -after O -anaesthesia O -than O -the O -use O -of O -promethazine B-Chemical -, O -especially O -in O -patients O -in O -whom O -the O -trachea O -was O -intubated O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -and O -doxapram O -as O -agents O -for O -the O -reversal O -of O -neuroleptanalgesic O -respiratory O -depression O -in O -the O -conscious O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -Doxapram O -also O -failed O -to O -reverse O -fully O -the O -depression O -of O -minute O -volume O -produced O -by O -fentanyl B-Chemical -and O -droperidol B-Chemical -, O -although O -naloxone B-Chemical -was O -adequate O -in O -this O -respect O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -reduction O -in O -PCO2 O -was O -seen O -also O -when O -either O -naloxone B-Chemical -or O -doxapram O -was O -given O -to O -untreated O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -Dimethyl O -sulphoxide O -( O -DMSO B-Chemical -) O -10 O -% O -was O -used O -as O -cryoprotective O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intragranular O -pH O -affects O -the O -resonance O -frequency O -of O -the O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -of O -granular O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -dihydroxyacetone O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -were O -added O -together O -, O -ATP O -levels O -increased O -in O -darkened O -chloroplasts O -owing O -to O -substrate O -level O -phosphorylation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -intact O -chloroplasts O -, O -broken O -chloroplasts O -did O -not O -phosphorylate O -much O -ADP O -at O -the O -low O -flash O -frequency O -of O -2 O -Hz O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -these O -experiments O -, O -in O -which O -EPR O -detectable O -a3 O -+ O -( O -3 O -) O -was O -observed O -in O -large O -yield O -, O -no O -extra O -signals O -for O -copper B-Chemical -or O -correspondingly O -increased O -intensity O -in O -the O -copper B-Chemical -signal O -at O -g O -= O -2 O -were O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -initial O -rates O -of O -proton O -ejection O -and O -oxidation O -of O -cytochrome O -c O -yields O -a O -H O -+ O -/ O -e O -- O -quotient O -close O -to O -1 O -. O -0 O -both O -in O -cytochrome O -c O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -pulse O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -ions O -can O -trigger O -an O -emission O -of O -light O -from O -Veretillum O -cynomorium O -lumisomes O -( O -bioluminescent O -vesicles O -) O -under O -conditions O -where O -they O -are O -not O -lysed O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -sodium B-Chemical -is O -present O -outside O -the O -structure O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -inside O -, O -the O -slow O -inward O -diffusion O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -is O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -assumed O -that O -rapid O -outward O -diffusion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -or O -inward O -diffusion O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -generates O -an O -electrical O -potential O -difference O -( O -inside O -negative O -) O -which O -drives O -the O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -influx O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -NaCl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -loaded I-Chemical -vesicles O -, O -it O -has O -not O -been O -possible O -to O -demonstrate O -an O -uptake O -of O -lipophilic O -cations O -but O -experiments O -with O -22Na O -and O -42D O -indicated O -a O -higher O -rate O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -efflux O -, O -in O -accord O -with O -the O -proposed O -hypothesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Spinach O -chloroplasts O -have O -been O -prepared O -nonaqueously O -using O -non O -- O -polar O -solvents O -( O -n O -- O -hexane O -, O -CCl4 B-Chemical -, O -n O -- O -hepatane O -) O -and O -the O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carotene I-Chemical -content O -extracted O -in O -a O -controlled O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -Removal O -of O -the O -fraction O -of O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carotene I-Chemical -closely O -associated O -with O -the O -Photosystem O -I O -reaction O -centre O -caused O -the O -rate O -of O -NADP O -+ O -photoreduction O -to O -fall O -to O -a O -low O -, O -but O -significantly O -non O -- O -zero O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -propose O -that O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carotene I-Chemical -bound O -at O -the O -reaction O -centre O -decreases O -the O -rate O -of O -transfer O -of O -excitation O -energy O -away O -from O -the O -reaction O -centre O -, O -and O -increases O -the O -rate O -of O -photochemistry O -. O - -aps B-category -Erythrocyte O -membrane O -potentials O -determined O -by O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -distribution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -reverse O -the O -effects O -of O -dinitrophenol O -on O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -uptake O -in O -Ehrlich O -cells O -is O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Nearly O -complete O -restoration O -occurs O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -all O -pH O -values O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -restores O -ATP O -and O -cellular O -K O -+ O -to O -the O -control O -levels O -at O -the O -same O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -these O -low O -albumin O -concentrations O -, O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -the O -beta O -- O -ketostearoyl O -- O -coA O -was O -converted O -back O -to O -palmitate O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -the O -use O -of O -the O -automatic O -degradation O -, O -69 O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -could O -be O -placed O -unambiguously O -in O -the O -N O -- O -terminal O -part O -and O -24 O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -following O -the O -single O -arginine O -75 O -. O - -aps B-category -Photo O -- O -oxidation O -resulted O -in O -the O -destruction O -of O -histidine O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -and O -all O -of O -the O -histidines O -could O -be O -ethoxy O -- O -formylated O -by O -treatment O -with O -diethyl O -pyrocarbonate O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -examined O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -only O -the O -histidine O -residues O -of O -cow O -kappa O -- O -casein O -are O -important O -for O -the O -hydrolytic O -action O -of O -chymosin O -and O -, O -furthermore O -, O -the O -treatment O -with O -diethyl O -pyrocarbonate O -suggests O -that O -only O -one O -of O -the O -three O -histidines O -plays O -an O -essential O -role O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -acid O -pH O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -on O -the O -release O -and O -exchange O -of O -iron B-Chemical -on O -rat O -transferrin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -, O -diferric O -transferrin O -shows O -stepwise O -loss O -of O -iron B-Chemical -atoms O -with O -the O -first O -atom O -of O -iron B-Chemical -released O -at O -approximately O -pH O -5 O -. O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Iron B-Chemical -dissociation O -from O -monoferric O -transferrin O -at O -acid O -pH O -, O -with O -or O -without O -citrate B-Chemical -, O -is O -a O -random O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -at O -acid O -pH O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -concentrations O -likely O -to O -occur O -in O -vivo O -in O -the O -rat O -there O -is O -little O -scrambling O -of O -iron B-Chemical -bound O -to O -transferrin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -wild O -- O -type O -cells O -and O -some O -riboflavin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -mutants O -of O -P O -. O -guilliermondii O -GTP O -is O -transformed O -to O -the O -ribitylated O -intermediates O -2 O -, O -5 O -- O -diamino O -- O -6 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -4 O -- O -ribitylaminopyrimidine O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -, O -6 O -- O -dihydroxy O -- O -4 O -- O -ribitylaminopyrimidine O -of O -the O -riboflavin B-Chemical -biosynthetic O -path O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relation O -between O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -binding O -and O -the O -conformational O -change O -of O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -terms O -of O -the O -model O -, O -the O -conformational O -change O -lead B-Chemical -observed O -at O -pH O -9 O -suggests O -that O -significant O -conformational O -change O -has O -occurred O -after O -binding O -of O -only O -one O -CO O -molecule O -per O -tetramer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -electrode O -is O -insensitive O -to O -pressure O -and O -flow O -variations O -, O -and O -has O -a O -response O -time O -of O -& O -lt O -; O -5 O -ms O -. O -A O -20 O -% O -suspension O -of O -washed O -fresh O -human O -erythrocytes O -in O -saline O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -7 O -containing O -NaHCO O -( O -3 O -) O -and O -extracellular O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -is O -mixed O -with O -an O -equal O -volume O -of O -30 O -mM O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -Measured O -versus O -calculated O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -of O -arterial O -blood O -: O -a O -clinical O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -effect O -of O -various O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agents O -on O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -- O -induced O -hyperactivity O -response O -produced O -in O -rats O -by O -administration O -of O -tranylcypromine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -2 O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -Alprenolol O -, O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -timolol I-Chemical -, O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -sotalol I-Chemical -, O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -pindolol I-Chemical -( O -all O -at O -40 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -all O -inhibited O -the O -hyperactivity O -response O -to O -some O -degree O -when O -given O -45 O -min O -before O -the O -tranylcypromine B-Chemical -, O -as O -did O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -oxprenolol I-Chemical -when O -given O -after O -the O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -Neither O -the O -beta1 O -- O -selective O -drug O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -metoprolol I-Chemical -, O -nor O -the O -beta2 O -- O -selective O -drug O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -butoxamine O -inhibited O -the O -behavioral O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -they O -did O -inhibit O -the O -hyperactivity O -produced O -by O -the O -suggested O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -agonist O -, O -5 O -- O -methoxy O -N O -, O -N O -- O -dimethyltryptamine O -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -drugs O -were O -inhibiting O -the O -post O -- O -synaptic O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -response O -. O - -aps B-category -7 O -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -non O -- O -selective O -( O -beta1 O -and O -beta2 O -) O -adrenoceptor O -antagonists O -which O -have O -a O -high O -brain O -/ O -blood O -ratio O -following O -their O -peripheral O -injection O -, O -block O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -behavioural O -responses O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -Histamine B-Chemical -has O -a O -dual O -action O -on O -the O -in O -situ O -gall O -bladder O -of O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -: O -a O -spasmogenic O -and O -a O -relaxant O -effect O -mediated O -through O -H1 O -- O -and O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -stimulation O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Release O -of O -3H O -- O -purines O -was O -studied O -after O -labeling O -of O -the O -adenine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -stores O -with O -[ O -3H O -] O -adenine O -( O -more O -than O -60 O -% O -uptake O -during O -a O -single O -passage O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Release O -of O -radioactivity O -was O -also O -enhanced O -by O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -, O -by O -interruption O -of O -perfusion O -flow O -for O -0 O -. O -5 O -to O -2 O -min O -and O -by O -hypoxia O -( O -5 O -to O -25 O -% O -O2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -release O -following O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -, O -ischaemia O -and O -hypoxia O -could O -not O -be O -antagonized O -by O -this O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -in O -the O -rabbit O -kidney O -vasocontriction O -, O -arterial O -clamping O -or O -reduced O -perfusion O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -, O -cause O -release O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -and O -related O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agent O -, O -tolazoline O -, O -and O -the O -O O -- O -methylated O -metabolite O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -metanephrine O -, O -produced O -a O -concentration O -- O -dependent O -increase O -of O -tension O -in O -the O -smooth O -muscle O -of O -the O -cat O -isolated O -nictitating O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxymetazoline O -and O -xylazine B-Chemical -were O -qualitatively O -similar O -to O -clonidine B-Chemical -but O -were O -about O -5 O -times O -less O -potent O -. O - -aps B-category -Piperoxan O -or O -phentolamine B-Chemical -only O -partially O -antagonized O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -LSD O -. O -5 O -Phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -yohimbine B-Chemical -, O -piperoxan O -and O -tolazoline O -were O -potent O -, O -competitive O -antagonists O -of O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -with O -pA O -( O -2 O -) O -values O -of O -8 O -. O -51 O -, O -7 O -. O -78 O -, O -7 O -. O -64 O -and O -6 O -. O -57 O -respectively O -. O -6 O -Thymoxamine O -was O -a O -weak O -antagonist O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -; O -it O -also O -antagonized O -the O -twitch O -- O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -secretion O -and O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -levels O -during O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -depolarization O -of O -slices O -of O -the O -dentate O -gyrus O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -report O -the O -release O -of O -endogenous O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -the O -levels O -of O -reduced O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -( O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -) O -has O -been O -measured O -in O -parallel O -experiments O -on O -slices O -from O -the O -dentate O -gyrus O -of O -the O -hippocampus O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunocytochemical O -localization O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -processes O -within O -the O -ventricular O -zone O -of O -prenatal O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -thermodynamic O -analysis O -of O -the O -secondary O -transition O -in O -the O -spontaneous O -precipitation O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -formed O -crystalline O -material O -has O -a O -solubility O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -octacalcium O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -OCP O -) O -and O -the O -computed O -thermodynamic O -solubility O -product O -remains O -invariant O -in O -the O -pH O -range O -7 O -. O -00 O -- O -- O -8 O -. O -60 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -this O -study O -are O -also O -consistent O -with O -those O -of O -a O -previous O -study O -which O -suggest O -that O -the O -stability O -of O -the O -amorphous O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -phase O -is O -dependent O -upon O -the O -instability O -of O -the O -solution O -phase O -with O -respect O -to O -OCP O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -Urine O -volumes O -were O -not O -affected O -by O -PG O -administration O -or O -water O -deprivation O -in O -denervated O -rats O -but O -were O -increased O -significantly O -after O -administration O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -spiral O -strips O -of O -equine O -pulmonary O -vein O -were O -prepared O -in O -vitro O -and O -the O -effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -( O -H O -) O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5HT O -) O -, O -bradykinin B-Chemical -( O -BK O -) O -, O -carbachol B-Chemical -( O -Carb O -) O -, O -and O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -( O -phen O -) O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -HS O -- O -6 O -, O -like O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -and O -mecamylamine B-Chemical -, O -progressively O -blocked O -the O -contraction O -of O -the O -nictitating O -membrane O -of O -the O -cat O -resulting O -from O -preganglionic O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -presynaptic O -component O -of O -the O -action O -of O -iontophoretically O -applied O -flurazepam B-Chemical -on O -feline O -cortical O -neurones O -. O - -aps B-category -Flurazepam O -increased O -cortical O -inhibition O -produced O -either O -by O -local O -electrical O -stimulation O -( O -which O -is O -known O -to O -release O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -or O -by O -iontophoretically O -applied O -GABA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -part O -of O -the O -action O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -on O -inhibitory O -cortical O -transmission O -might O -be O -at O -the O -presynaptic O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracellular O -injections O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -have O -some O -depolarizing O -action O -and O -increased O -input O -resistance O -, O -but O -they O -produced O -no O -comparable O -depression O -of O -the O -action O -potential O -and O -tended O -to O -enhance O -the O -after O -- O -potentials O -and O -increase O -excitability O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -enzyme O -production O -was O -obtained O -when O -the O -bacterium O -was O -cultivated O -aerobically O -in O -media O -containing O -1 O -to O -2M O -NaCl B-Chemical -or O -1M O -KCl O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -currently O -postulated O -mechanism O -in O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -involves O -namely O -an O -imbalance O -between O -the O -central O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylcholine I-Chemical -systems O -whose O -balance O -may O -also O -be O -influenced O -by O -neuroendocrine O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -the O -cadmium O -and O -selenium B-Chemical -complex O -formed O -in O -rat O -plasma O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intracellular O -effects O -were O -assessed O -beforehand O -by O -measuring O -the O -inhibition O -of O -[ O -6 O -- O -3H O -] O -thymidine B-Chemical -incorporation O -by O -lymphocytes O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -concentrations O -of O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Cellular O -survival O -always O -was O -90 O -% O -or O -more O -for O -the O -GvHR O -tests O -( O -unless O -stated O -otherwise O -) O -, O -even O -when O -inhibition O -of O -thymidine B-Chemical -incorporation O -was O -as O -high O -as O -50 O -% O -; O -hence O -the O -thymidine B-Chemical -data O -are O -useful O -not O -only O -as O -guides O -for O -dose O -levels O -in O -the O -GvHR O -but O -also O -as O -leads O -to O -new O -agents O -that O -may O -show O -immunosuppressive O -or O -anti O -- O -leukemic O -activity O -through O -intracellular O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -obtained O -pH O -and O -transmembrane O -potential O -changes O -were O -correlated O -to O -simultaneous O -changes O -in O -high O -- O -energy O -phosphagen O -( O -ATP O -+ O -CP O -) O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -levels O -in O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -experimental O -situations O -there O -was O -a O -close O -correlation O -between O -the O -transmembrane O -potential O -reduction O -and O -the O -tissue O -lactate B-Chemical -increase O -. O - -aps B-category -HMW O -and O -LMW O -eluted O -from O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -at O -similar O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -without O -conversion O -of O -HMW O -to O -LMW O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -method O -for O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -determination O -based O -on O -ion O -exchange O -chromatography O -and O -an O -automated O -alkaline O -picrate O -reaction O -- O -- O -a O -proposed O -reference O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Elution O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -buffer O -by O -means O -of O -minipump O -at O -constant O -rate O -passes O -the O -eluate O -into O -alkaline O -picrate O -reagents O -in O -a O -continuous O -flow O -system O -( O -Technicon O -AAIII O -pump O -, O -AAII O -colorimeter O -50 O -mm O -x O -1 O -. O -5 O -mm O -flow O -cell O -, O -narrow O -band O -width O -filter O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Determinations O -of O -lonized O -calcium B-Chemical -with O -the O -Orion O -SS O -- O -20 O -and O -AMT O -Electrion O -Auto O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -method O -for O -free O -thyroxine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -sites O -on O -thyroxine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -has O -been O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -used O -with O -serum O -thyroxine B-Chemical -levels O -it O -should O -be O -valuable O -in O -the O -calculation O -of O -free O -thyroxine B-Chemical -and O -total O -thyroxine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -automated O -method O -is O -proposed O -for O -the O -accurate O -determination O -of O -the O -true O -creatinine B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -20 O -microliter O -serum O -, O -based O -on O -the O -measurement O -of O -the O -initial O -rate O -of O -the O -decomposition O -reaction O -of O -the O -creatinine B-Chemical -picrate O -complex O -caused O -by O -decreasing O -the O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -- O -converting O -enzyme O -in O -human O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -units O -/ O -day O -( O -n O -= O -18 O -) O -and O -the O -enzymic O -activity O -correlated O -well O -with O -the O -concentration O -of O -the O -excreted O -sodium B-Chemical -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -76 O -, O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymic O -properties O -of O -these O -three O -enzymes O -were O -identical O -with O -those O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -- O -converting O -enzyme O -from O -human O -lung O -with O -regard O -to O -inhibitory O -effects O -( O -bradykinin B-Chemical -potentiator O -c O -and O -Arg O -- O -Pro O -- O -Pro O -) O -, O -Cl O -- O -dependency O -, O -pH O -optimum O -and O -KM O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -ions O -were O -mixed O -at O -room O -temperature O -( O -approximately O -20 O -degrees O -C O -) O -to O -give O -concentrations O -of O -4 O -mmol O -/ O -1 O -and O -21 O -mmol O -/ O -1 O -respectively O -and O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -solution O -was O -kept O -at O -8 O -. O -3 O -, O -vaterite O -, O -a O -form O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -, O -was O -precipitated O -almost O -immediately O -as O -spheres O -of O -diameter O -45 O -micron O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -concentrations O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -( O -90 O -mmol O -/ O -1 O -) O -did O -not O -, O -however O -, O -affect O -the O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -bile O -from O -patients O -having O -some O -calcium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -on O -the O -gallstone O -surface O -had O -less O -activity O -than O -comparable O -amounts O -of O -bile O -from O -patients O -with O -only O -cholesterol B-Chemical -in O -this O -area O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -blood O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -a O -large O -segment O -of O -the O -normal O -adult O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -Ancillary O -factors O -in O -[ O -Ca2 O -+ O -] O -determination O -were O -evaluated O -, O -including O -effects O -of O -in O -- O -vivo O -produced O -changes O -in O -pH O -, O -and O -effects O -of O -addition O -of O -small O -amounts O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -to O -the O -whole O -blood O -sample O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -some O -evidence O -that O -dopamine B-Chemical -may O -account O -for O -most O -, O -if O -not O -all O -, O -of O -the O -prolactin O -release O -inhibiting O -activity O -of O -the O -hypothalamus O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -, O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitors O -, O -etc O -. O -, O -depress O -prolactin O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -agents O -in O -the O -hypothalamus O -that O -stimulate O -prolactin O -release O -, O -the O -most O -important O -appear O -to O -be O -an O -as O -yet O -uncharacterized O -polypeptide O -prolactin O -releasing O -factor O -( O -PRF O -) O -, O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -releasing O -hormone O -( O -TRH O -) O -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -agents O -in O -the O -hypothalamus O -that O -can O -stimulate O -prolactin O -release O -include O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -some O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -, O -but O -these O -have O -not O -yet O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -involved O -in O -physiological O -control O -of O -prolactin O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -and O -urine O -phosphate B-Chemical -during O -short O -- O -term O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -in O -healthy O -men O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -rise O -was O -accompanied O -by O -a O -transient O -fall O -in O -urine O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -a O -rise O -in O -the O -tubular O -maximum O -for O -phosphate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -per O -unit O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -( O -TmPO4 O -/ O -GFR O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -physostigmine B-Chemical -reversed O -the O -central O -anticholinergic O -syndrome O -as O -well O -as O -the O -electrocardiographic O -abnormalities O -. O - -aps B-category -Parathion O -- O -and O -DDT O -- O -induced O -effects O -on O -tension O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -transport O -in O -molluscan O -visceral O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Seasonal O -variations O -in O -the O -circadian O -rhythm O -of O -tissue O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -the O -frog O -( O -Rana O -temporaria O -L O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -orally O -ingested O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -commercially O -canned O -spoiled O -skipjack O -tuna O -on O -pigs O -, O -cats O -, O -dogs O -and O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -four O -- O -hour O -variation O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -and O -monoamine O -oxidase O -activities O -in O -the O -eyestalks O -of O -the O -fiddler O -crab O -, O -Uca O -pugilator O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -some O -other O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -on O -the O -membrane O -potential O -of O -muscle O -cells O -in O -the O -pharynx O -- O -levator O -muscle O -of O -Helix O -pomatia O -. O - -aps B-category -Glycine O -and O -GABA B-Chemical -receptors O -on O -lamprey O -bulbar O -reticulospinal O -neurones O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -on O -contractility O -and O -conduction O -in O -isolated O -chicken O -hearts O -. O - -aps B-category -Representative O -studies O -which O -elucidate O -present O -treatment O -principles O -regarding O -parenteral O -administration O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -for O -acute O -psychoses O -with O -agitation O -are O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -parenteral O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -should O -be O -avoided O -because O -of O -its O -tendency O -to O -provoke O -severe O -hypotension O -, O -whereas O -loxapine O -apparently O -is O -a O -valuable O -drug O -if O -strong O -sedation O -is O -required O -for O -behavioural O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -types O -of O -acute O -psychosis O -with O -agitation O -which O -do O -not O -require O -treatment O -with O -a O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -as O -drug O -treatment O -of O -first O -choice O -are O -briefly O -mentioned O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -open O -study O -was O -carried O -out O -in O -21 O -chronic O -alcoholics O -with O -severe O -withdrawal O -symptoms O -and O -incipient O -delirium O -tremens O -to O -evaluate O -the O -efficacy O -of O -adjuvant O -treatment O -with O -intramuscular O -lorazepam B-Chemical -( O -5mg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -adverse O -reactions O -attributable O -to O -lorazepam B-Chemical -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -- O -blind O -crossover O -trial O -was O -carried O -out O -in O -31 O -hospitalized O -elderly O -patients O -receiving O -night O -- O -time O -sedation O -to O -compare O -the O -effects O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -) O -and O -meprobamate O -( O -200 O -mg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -disposition O -and O -metabolism O -of O -6 O -, O -11 O -- O -dihydro O -- O -11 O -- O -oxodibenz O -[ O -be O -] O -oxepin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -isoxepac O -) O -, O -a O -new O -nonsteroidal O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -agent O -, O -has O -been O -studied O -in O -rat O -, O -rabbit O -, O -dog O -, O -rhesus O -monkey O -, O -and O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Cyclopropylcarbonyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzimidazole I-Chemical -was O -present O -in O -rat O -urine O -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -% O -of O -the O -dose O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -haloforms O -( O -trihalomethanes O -) O -to O -rats O -led O -to O -substantial O -elevations O -in O -blood O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -SKF O -525 O -- O -A O -significantly O -inhibited O -the O -in O -vivo O -metabolism O -of O -bromoform O -to O -CO O -. O -Administration O -of O -either O -diethyl O -maleate B-Chemical -or O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -did O -not O -alter O -the O -blood O -CO O -levels O -produced O -in O -response O -to O -bromoform O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acetylation O -of O -acetylhydrazine O -to O -diacetylhydrazine O -was O -found O -to O -be O -dose O -- O -dependent O -and O -to O -be O -inhibited O -by O -coadministered O -isoniazid B-Chemical -and O -p O -- O -aminosalicylic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -metabolism O -and O -hepatotoxicity O -of O -acetylhydrazine O -may O -be O -different O -when O -it O -is O -produced O -as O -a O -metabolite O -of O -isoniazid B-Chemical -than O -when O -it O -is O -given O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -validity O -of O -the O -method O -was O -tested O -in O -rats O -with O -tracer O -doses O -of O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -after O -the O -simultaneous O -administration O -of O -an O -iv O -tracer O -dose O -of O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetaminophen I-Chemical -and O -an O -ip O -dose O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetaminophen I-Chemical -, O -the O -apparent O -availabilities O -calculated O -from O -the O -areas O -under O -the O -curve O -were O -highly O -variable O -and O -tended O -to O -be O -greater O -( O -0 O -. O -73 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -11 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolism O -of O -methimazole B-Chemical -by O -rat O -liver O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -- O -containing O -monoxygenases O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -an O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -binding O -of O -14C O -and O -35S O -from O -[ O -14C O -] O -- O -and O -[ O -35s O -] O -MMI O -to O -microsomal O -macromolecules O -was O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -a O -portion O -of O -the O -sulfur O -released O -in O -the O -metabolism O -of O -MMI O -to O -N O -- O -methylimidazole O -is O -in O -the O -form O -of O -atomic O -sulfur O -( O -S O -) O -, O -which O -binds O -to O -cysteine B-Chemical -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -( O -R O -- O -S O -- O -H O -) O -in O -microsomal O -proteins O -to O -form O -a O -hydrodisulfide O -( O -R O -- O -S O -- O -S O -- O -H O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Drug O -prevention O -of O -bronchial O -asthma O -: O -inhibition O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -exercise O -- O -induced O -asthma O -by O -a O -new O -anti O -- O -anaphylactic O -oral O -preparation O -( O -ketotifen O -) O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -author O -goes O -briefly O -over O -the O -metabolism O -of O -the O -main O -cerebral O -monoamines B-Chemical -, O -the O -functioning O -of O -synapses O -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -methods O -used O -in O -studying O -the O -biochemistry O -of O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -VIP O -- O -induced O -lipolysis O -is O -inhibited O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -but O -VIP O -- O -induced O -adenyl O -cyclase O -activity O -is O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -was O -7 O -. O -1 O -Km O -for O -fructose O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -was O -6 O -. O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -mol O -/ O -1 O -and O -for O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -6 O -. O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -mol O -/ O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -investigation O -demonstrates O -that O -compounds O -from O -other O -major O -classes O -of O -carcinogens O -including O -( O -1 O -) O -alpha O -- O -halo O -ethers O -( O -chloromethyl O -methyl O -ether B-Chemical -) O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -aromatic O -amines B-Chemical -( O -benzidine O -and O -B O -- O -naphthylamine O -) O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -polycyclic O -hydrocarbons O -( O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -benzanthracene O -and O -acridine O -) O -; O -( O -4 O -) O -azo O -dyes O -( O -p O -- O -dimethylaminoazobenzene O -) O -, O -and O -( O -5 O -) O -aflatoxins O -( O -B1 O -, O -B2 O -, O -G1 O -, O -G2 O -) O -produced O -a O -striking O -and O -significant O -inhibition O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -over O -a O -general O -concentration O -range O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -13 O -mmol O -/ O -1 O -in O -a O -variety O -of O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inactivation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -occurring O -upon O -dilution O -and O -the O -plots O -of O -the O -catalytic O -activity O -versus O -the O -enzyme O -concentration O -indicate O -that O -the O -monomeric O -species O -is O -catalytically O -inactive O -and O -that O -the O -monomer O -- O -dimer O -equilibrium O -is O -shifted O -towards O -the O -dimer O -upon O -binding O -of O -the O -substrate O -magnesium B-Chemical -isocitrate O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -dimethylsulfoxide O -solution O -, O -aggregations O -were O -observed O -for O -N O -- O -protonated O -melanostatin O -and O -Pro O -- O -Leu O -- O -Gly O -prepared O -with O -HCl O -and O -for O -the O -Na O -salt B-Chemical -of O -Z O -- O -Pro O -- O -Leu O -- O -Gly O -but O -not O -for O -N O -- O -protonated O -melanostatin O -prepared O -with O -HClO4 O -or O -HNO3 O -, O -unprotonated O -melanostatin O -, O -Z O -- O -Pro O -- O -Leu O -- O -Gly O -- O -NH2 O -, O -or O -Z O -- O -Pro O -- O -Leu O -- O -Gly O -- O -OCH3 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -leucine B-Chemical -NH O -group O -of O -N O -- O -protonated O -Pro O -- O -Leu O -- O -Gly O -also O -forms O -the O -intermolecular O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bond O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -dimethylsulfoxide O -solution O -, O -N O -- O -protonated O -melanostatin O -molecules O -in O -part O -take O -the O -beta O -- O -turn O -structure O -and O -the O -trans O -carboxamide O -NH O -proton O -and O -carbonyl O -oxygen B-Chemical -of O -the O -proline O -residue O -form O -an O -intramolecular O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bond O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -constants O -for O -loss O -of O -dehydrogenase O -and O -decarboxylase O -activities O -depend O -on O -the O -basic O -form O -of O -ionizable O -groups O -with O -pK O -values O -of O -5 O -. O -67 O -and O -7 O -. O -05 O -, O -respectively O -, O -suggesting O -that O -inactivation O -of O -the O -two O -catalytic O -functions O -results O -from O -reaction O -with O -different O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -strengthened O -binding O -of O -nucleotide B-Chemical -produced O -by O -activating O -metal O -- O -isocitrate O -complexes O -may O -be O -essential O -for O -the O -catalytic O -reaction O -, O -reflecting O -an O -optimal O -orientation O -of O -NADP O -+ O -to O -facilitate O -hydride O -transfer O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -correlation O -between O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -base O -deficit O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -correlation O -coefficients O -between O -hypoxanthine O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -( O -mean O -0 O -. O -98 O -) O -and O -between O -hypoxanthine O -and O -base O -deficit O -( O -mean O -0 O -. O -98 O -) O -were O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -chronic O -clonidine B-Chemical -treatment O -and O -withdrawal O -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -peripheral O -ganglia O -and O -the O -locus O -coeruleus O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -three O -weeks O -of O -chronic O -oral O -administration O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TOH O -) O -activity O -was O -unchanged O -in O -superior O -cervical O -ganglia O -and O -locus O -coeruleus O -, O -but O -was O -reduced O -( O -45 O -% O -) O -in O -the O -celiac O -ganglia O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mechanism O -explaining O -physical O -dependence O -on O -clonidine B-Chemical -is O -proposed O -. O - -aps B-category -injection O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -and O -piperoxane O -on O -the O -pressor O -response O -to O -electrical O -stimulation O -of O -a O -peripheral O -somatic O -afferent O -nerve O -was O -investigated O -using O -anaesthetized O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -clonidine B-Chemical -had O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -somatic O -pressor O -reflex O -but O -caused O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -prolongation O -of O -the O -reflex O -after O -cessation O -of O -nerve O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Behavioural O -evidence O -for O -GABAergic O -activity O -of O -the O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -flurazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Flurazepam O -mimicked O -the O -effects O -of O -the O -GABA B-Chemical -agonist O -muscimol B-Chemical -and O -the O -GABA B-Chemical -analogue O -baclofen B-Chemical -by O -inducing O -a O -dose O -- O -related O -contralateral O -rotation O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -in O -this O -behavioural O -model O -flurazepam B-Chemical -may O -show O -GABAergic O -activity O -by O -indirectly O -enhancing O -GABA B-Chemical -transmission O -at O -synapses O -with O -receptors O -located O -on O -nigral O -non O -- O -dopaminergic O -neurons O -controlling O -postural O -asymmetry O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -mercurials O -inhibited O -calcium B-Chemical -transport O -of O -mitochondria O -and O -synaptosomal O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -effect O -of O -mercurials O -on O -transmitter O -release O -is O -mediated O -via O -changes O -of O -the O -intracellular O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -synthesis O -in O -vitro O -by O -mRNA O -and O -soluble O -factors O -from O -hepatoma O -tissue O -culture O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -31P O -NMR O -study O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -presence O -of O -cobalt B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -- O -and O -copper B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -- O -substituted O -bovine O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -B O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fact O -that O -drinking O -in O -response O -to O -some O -hypovolemic O -stimuli O -was O -attenuated O -by O -nephrectomy O -but O -not O -by O -ureteric O -ligation O -led O -to O -the O -suggestion O -that O -the O -renal O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -system O -may O -play O -a O -role O -in O -hypovolemic O -thirst O -. O - -aps B-category -Recently O -, O -it O -has O -been O -shown O -that O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -, O -infused O -intravenously O -or O -through O -the O -carotid O -artery O -at O -rates O -that O -produce O -increases O -in O -plasma O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -levels O -similar O -to O -those O -that O -occur O -in O -mild O -sodium B-Chemical -depletion O -, O -causes O -the O -water O -- O -replete O -animal O -to O -drink O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -unsolved O -problems O -are O -the O -role O -of O -cerebral O -isorenin O -in O -angiotensin B-Chemical -thirst O -and O -its O -relationship O -with O -renal O -renin O -, O -and O -in O -view O -of O -its O -stimulating O -action O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -intake O -when O -infused O -into O -the O -brain O -, O -whether O -angiotensin B-Chemical -plays O -a O -significant O -role O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -appetite O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Gastric O -secretion O -in O -rats O -during O -long O -- O -term O -histamine B-Chemical -administration O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -latter O -, O -intensive O -elevation O -of O -intragastric O -acidity O -in O -empty O -stomach O -, O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -contents O -in O -the O -blood O -, O -and O -distrophic O -processes O -in O -the O -wall O -of O -stomach O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemolytic O -anemia O -in O -patients O -receiving O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -17 O -of O -40 O -( O -43 O -% O -) O -patients O -with O -inflammatory O -bowel O -disease O -receiving O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -had O -evidence O -of O -hemolysis O -as O -detected O -by O -starch O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemolysis O -is O -not O -a O -rare O -side O -- O -effect O -of O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Requirement O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -effectiveness O -of O -methylcholanthrene O -treatment O -, O -and O -inhibition O -by O -7 O -, O -8 O -- O -benzoflavone O -suggest O -possible O -involvement O -of O -mixed O -- O -function O -oxidases O -in O -this O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -Enhanced O -production O -during O -active O -disease O -and O -inhibition O -by O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -, O -sulfapyridine O -, O -and O -5 O -- O -aminosalicylic O -, O -acid O -to O -the O -culture O -medium O -of O -ulcerative O -colitis O -mucosa O -resulted O -in O -inhibition O -of O -PGE2 B-Chemical -production O -by O -34 O -, O -32 O -, O -and O -62 O -% O -, O -respectively O -, O -compared O -to O -rectal O -specimens O -cultured O -in O -drug O -- O -free O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Intramural O -pH O -of O -the O -gastric O -mucosa O -was O -measured O -using O -a O -microelectrode O -technique O -in O -rabbit O -gastric O -pouches O -under O -different O -secretory O -conditions O -and O -luminal B-Chemical -acidity O -. O - -aps B-category -HCl O -120 O -mM O -, O -for O -60 O -min O -, O -led O -to O -a O -marked O -net O -loss O -of O -luminal B-Chemical -H O -+ O -which O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -the O -intramural O -pH O -( O -7 O -. O -28 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -09 O -to O -6 O -. O -88 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -10 O -and O -7 O -. O -23 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -07 O -to O -6 O -. O -99 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -09 O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -when O -fundic O -pouches O -were O -exposed O -to O -luminal B-Chemical -acid O -in O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -animals O -, O -the O -net O -loss O -of O -luminal B-Chemical -H O -+ O -was O -negligible O -and O -the O -intramural O -pH O -remained O -at O -its O -base O -- O -line O -level O -( O -7 O -. O -25 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -07 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -three O -of O -the O -eight O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -fundic O -pouches O -had O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -acidification O -of O -the O -tissue O -by O -the O -diffusion O -of O -luminal B-Chemical -acid O -may O -be O -an O -important O -factor O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -acute O -gastric O -ulceration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ubiquitous O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -and O -their O -role O -in O -ulcerative O -colitis O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -secretin O -is O -released O -unevenly O -and O -intermittently O -in O -the O -early O -period O -after O -a O -liquid O -meal O -in O -man O -, O -in O -amounts O -that O -seem O -sufficient O -for O -the O -initiation O -of O -a O -significant O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypersensitivity O -reaction O -to O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -two I-Chemical -reports O -of O -the O -same O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Topical O -effects O -of O -16 O -, O -16 O -dimethyl O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -on O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -and O -mucosal O -permeability O -to O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Imfusion O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -0 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -, O -intravenously O -) O -stimulated O -brisk O -acid O -secretion O -in O -both O -chambers O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -stimulated O -by O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -the O -maximal O -acid O -output O -in O -patients O -with O -bilharzial O -hepatic O -fibrosis O -was O -significantly O -less O -than O -in O -the O -control O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Short O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -absorption O -by O -the O -human O -large O -intestine O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -a O -mixed O -electrolyte O -solution O -, O -acetate O -concentrations O -fell O -from O -97 O -. O -0 O -to O -64 O -. O -2 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -, O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -from O -97 O -. O -8 O -to O -85 O -. O -1 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -with O -respective O -net O -absorption O -rates O -of O -8 O -. O -1 O -and O -5 O -. O -2 O -mumol O -/ O -cm2 O -/ O -h O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypothesis O -that O -short O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -are O -not O -absorbed O -from O -the O -large O -gut O -and O -therefore O -contribute O -to O -faecal O -bulk O -by O -retaining O -water O -in O -the O -bowel O -lumen O -may O -need O -revision O -. O - -aps B-category -Streptozotocin B-Chemical -, O -a O -nitrosamide O -carcinogen O -, O -enhances O -the O -activity O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -Analogue O -III O -, O -which O -also O -has O -a O -nitroso O -group O -, O -but O -greater O -structural O -modifications O -with O -4 O -acetate O -groups O -extending O -off O -of O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -moiety O -, O -activated O -guanylate O -cyclase O -in O -colon O -but O -not O -in O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rat O -- O -liver O -nuclei O -, O -isolated O -by O -the O -non O -- O -aqueous O -technique O -, O -the O -concentrations O -and O -labelling O -rates O -of O -the O -purine B-Chemical -moiety O -of O -acid O -- O -soluble O -nucleotides O -were O -determined O -and O -compared O -with O -corresponding O -data O -for O -non O -- O -fractionated O -tissue O -and O -nuclei O -- O -free O -cytoplasm O -. O - -aps B-category -ATP O -and O -its O -dephosphorylated O -forms O -, O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -) O -and O -of O -free O -glucose B-Chemical -were O -practically O -identical O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxic O -activity O -was O -resistant O -to O -treatment O -with O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -, O -urea B-Chemical -, O -guanidine O -hydrochloride O -, O -p O -- O -chloromercuribenzoate O -, O -ethylenediaminetetraacetate O -, O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -but O -was O -destroyed O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -m O -- O -periodate O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -Extraction O -with O -chlorofrom O -- O -methanol O -or O -petroleum O -ether B-Chemical -destroyed O -its O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Mutants O -of O -Streptococcus O -mutans O -were O -isolated O -which O -lack O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -L O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -were O -treated O -with O -fluorescein B-Chemical -and O -then O -incubated O -in O -nonimmune O -fresh O -human O -serum O -, O -which O -led O -to O -C3b O -fixation O -via O -activation O -of O -the O -alternative O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -1 O -. O -0 O -mM O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -, O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -of O -trypsin O -per O -ml O -, O -10 O -mM O -H2O2 B-Chemical -, O -O2 O -- O -generated O -by O -xanthine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -xanthine I-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -and O -8 O -times O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -C3b O -receptor O -, O -but O -did O -not O -inhibit O -the O -Fc O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -pH O -on O -the O -growth O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -of O -Neisseria O -gonorrhoeae O -. O - -aps B-category -Radiorespirometric O -studies O -revealed O -that O -cells O -growing O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -or O -8 O -. O -0 O -metabolized O -glucose B-Chemical -primarily O -( O -ca O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tricarboxylic O -acid O -cycle O -was O -not O -active O -during O -glucose B-Chemical -catabolism O -at O -either O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -or O -8 O -. O -0 O -, O -and O -acetate O -accumulated O -in O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -pH O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -supplemented I-Chemical -growth O -medium O -fell O -below O -5 O -. O -5 O -, O -the O -cells O -aggregated O -and O -formed O -microbial O -masses O -which O -tenaciously O -adhered O -to O -the O -culture O -vessels O -. O - -aps B-category -Actinomyces O -viscosus O -T14V O -and O -Streptococcus O -sanguis O -34 O -coaggregate O -by O -a O -mechanism O -which O -is O -not O -inhibited O -by O -1 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -is O -dextran B-Chemical -independent O -, O -requires O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -is O -pH O -dependent O -with O -an O -optimum O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -to O -8 O -. O -5 O -, O -and O -appears O -to O -require O -the O -interaction O -of O -a O -protein O -or O -glycoprotein O -on O -A O -. O -viscosus O -with O -a O -carbohydrate O -on O -S O -. O -sanguis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -S O -. O -sanguis O -to O -coaggregate O -with O -A O -. O -viscosus O -was O -not O -destroyed O -by O -phenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -water I-Chemical -extraction O -at O -65 O -degrees O -C O -for O -15 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -spontaneous O -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contractions O -of O -ampulla O -, O -isthmus O -, O -and O -mesosalpinx O -from O -human O -fallopian O -tubes O -; O -effects O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -indomethacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Trial O -I O -( O -five O -women O -) O -25 O -mg O -progesterone B-Chemical -were O -injected O -i O -. O -m O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -activites O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -( O -ICDH O -) O -, O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -beta O -- O -glucuronidase O -, O -acid O -phosphatase O -( O -ACP O -) O -and O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -( O -AP O -) O -were O -significantly O -higher O -in O -the O -secretory O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -changes O -, O -especially O -increase O -of O -ICDH O -, O -can O -be O -used O -for O -detection O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -on O -the O -endometrium O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -medroxyprogesterone O -acetate O -contraception O -on O -cytoplasmic O -estrogen B-Chemical -receptor O -content O -of O -the O -human O -cervix O -uteri O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -data O -showed O -that O -MPA O -suppressed O -estrogen B-Chemical -receptor O -content O -significantly O -compared O -to O -controls O -, O -but O -that O -there O -were O -no O -differences O -in O -this O -effect O -between O -the O -two O -dosages O -or O -time O -of O -biopsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantification O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -receptor O -content O -in O -the O -cytoplasm O -was O -achieved O -through O -standard O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -utilization O -by O -the O -spermatozoa O -of O -infertile O -human O -males O -. O - -aps B-category -Spermatozoa O -from O -patients O -with O -20 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -0 O -/ O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -spz O -/ O -ml O -and O -decreased O -motility O -( O -group O -B O -) O -showed O -a O -more O -active O -decarboxylation O -of O -both O -pyruvate B-Chemical -1 O -- O -C14 O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -1 O -- O -C14 O -with O -a O -higher O -production O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -C14 O -, O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -, O -citrate B-Chemical -, O -and O -isocitrate O -than O -those O -from O -fertile O -normal O -subjects O -( O -group O -A O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -low O -utilization O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -by O -the O -spermatozoa O -from O -group O -C O -infertile O -patients O -, O -with O -intermediate O -counts O -and O -motility O -could O -be O -explained O -by O -a O -metabolic O -failure O -similar O -to O -that O -produced O -by O -some O -inhibitors O -of O -the O -respiratory O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subcutaneous O -implantation O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -pellets O -was O -found O -to O -be O -a O -simple O -and O -effective O -contraceptive O -method O -with O -good O -patient O -acceptance O -and O -minimal O -untoward O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -suppression O -of O -ovulation O -was O -confirmed O -by O -endometrial O -biopsies O -, O -basal O -body O -temperature O -, O -and O -serum O -follicle O -- O -stimulating O -hormone O -, O -luteinizing O -hormone O -, O -estradiol B-Chemical -, O -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -in O -a O -selected O -group O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Withdrawal O -bleeding O -was O -induced O -each O -month O -by O -an O -oral O -progestogen O -, O -such O -as O -5 O -mg O -norethisterone B-Chemical -acetate O -or O -10 O -mg O -medroxyprogesterone O -acetate O -for O -5 O -- O -7 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Suppression O -of O -ovulation O -was O -confirmed O -by O -endometrial O -biopsies O -, O -basal O -body O -temperature O -, O -and O -serum O -follicle O -- O -stimulating O -hormone O -, O -luteinizing O -hormone O -, O -estradiol B-Chemical -, O -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -levels O -in O -a O -selected O -group O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -uterine O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -( O -ODC O -) O -was O -measured O -during O -the O -24 O -hours O -after O -systemic O -induction O -of O -decidualization O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -now O -examined O -in O -the O -AMR O -of O -rat O -endometria O -on O -day O -L4 O -of O -pseudopregnancy O -: O -1 O -) O -the O -effect O -of O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -( O -500 O -microgram O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -showed O -that O -: O -1 O -) O -the O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -synthesis O -of O -the O -A O -protein O -which O -indicates O -a O -de O -novo O -protein O -synthesis O -; O -2 O -) O -the O -Act O -. O - -aps B-category -Release O -rates O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -estrone O -, O -and O -estradiol B-Chemical -placed O -in O -chambers O -made O -from O -polydimethylsiloxane O -( O -PDS O -) O -tubing O -( O -Dow O -Corning O -" O -Silastic O -, O -" O -3 O -. O -35 O -mm O -ID O -x O -4 O -. O -65 O -mm O -OD O -) O -were O -studied O -in O -14 O -freemartin O -cattle O -with O -minimal O -or O -non O -- O -detectable O -endogenous O -hormone O -secretion O -, O -and O -in O -0 O -. O -9 O -% O -saline O -: O -methanol O -( O -1 O -: O -1 O -) O -baths O -shaken O -at O -38 O -degree O -C O -. O -Eighty O -- O -seven O -implants O -, O -varying O -in O -length O -from O -2 O -to O -10 O -cm O -, O -were O -placed O -in O -14 O -animals O -for O -27 O -to O -235 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -relatively O -constant O -release O -rate O -was O -found O -over O -the O -period O -of O -time O -studied O -and O -sufficient O -steroid B-Chemical -remained O -for O -potential O -release O -over O -periods O -exceeding O -1 O -year O -. O - -aps B-category -Corresponding O -release O -rates O -in O -vitro O -for O -four O -10 O -- O -cm O -implants O -containing O -either O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -estrone O -, O -or O -estradiol B-Chemical -were O -94 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -9 O -, O -15 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -, O -and O -12 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -6 O -microgram O -/ O -cm O -/ O -day O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Combined O -Multiload O -Copper O -IUD O -( O -MLCu O -) O -is O -available O -with O -250 O -mm O -copper B-Chemical -or O -375 O -mm O -copper B-Chemical -wiring O -around O -the O -vertical O -stem O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -LH O -was O -estimated O -by O -a O -rapid O -radioimmunoassay O -utilizing O -a O -shortened O -incubation O -period O -and O -charcoal B-Chemical -separation O -of O -bound O -and O -free O -species O -under O -nonequilibrium O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Direct O -and O -reflex O -myocardial O -effects O -of O -intracoronary O -administered O -contrast B-Chemical -materials I-Chemical -in O -the O -anesthetized O -and O -conscious O -dog O -: O -comparison O -of O -standard O -and O -newer O -contrast B-Chemical -materials I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -anesthetized O -and O -conscious O -animals O -, O -the O -diatrizoate B-Chemical -compound O -caused O -an O -early O -( O -3 O -- O -- O -10 O -sec O -after O -injection O -) O -decrease O -in O -peak O -dp O -/ O -dt O -and O -dp O -/ O -dt O -/ O -LVP40 O -, O -followed O -by O -late O -( O -10 O -- O -- O -20 O -sec O -after O -injection O -) O -increases O -in O -these O -variables O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -positive O -inotropic O -actions O -of O -each O -of O -the O -contrast B-Chemical -materials I-Chemical -were O -attenuated O -by O -beta O -adrenergic O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -late O -positive O -inotropic O -effects O -in O -response O -to O -the O -diatrizoate B-Chemical -compound O -and O -metrizamide O -were O -not O -observed O -in O -the O -ischemic O -state O -, O -while O -the O -positive O -inotropic O -response O -induced O -by O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -metrizoate B-Chemical -compound O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -metrizoate B-Chemical -caused O -prominent O -direct O -and O -adrenergically O -mediated O -augmentation O -in O -contractile O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -) O -leading O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -free O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -. O -At O -cytotoxic O -levels O -of O -atebrine O -( O -e O -. O -g O -2 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -an O -irreversible O -increase O -of O -atebrine O -fluorescence O -is O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -was O -administered O -to O -an O -anesthetized O -dog O -or O -cat O -, O -arterial O -blood O -was O -withdrawn O -through O -the O -electrode O -apparatus O -into O -a O -syringe O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -reasonable O -red O -cell O -and O -plasma O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -activities O -assumed O -for O -each O -dose O -level O -of O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -, O -a O -computer O -model O -of O -the O -reaction O -and O -transport O -processes O -occurring O -in O -blood O -after O -gas O -exchange O -in O -the O -lung O -yielded O -predicted O -time O -courses O -of O -pHo O -that O -were O -in O -good O -agreement O -with O -the O -experimental O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -Alveolar O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -partial O -pressure O -and O -pHa O -were O -controlled O -independently O -during O -infusions O -of O -1 O -N O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -or O -0 O -. O -5 O -N O -HCl O -into O -the O -inferior O -vena O -cava O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -trypsin O -during O -cell O -- O -DNA O -contact O -caused O -: O -( O -i O -) O -the O -alterations O -at O -cell O -surface O -, O -demonstrated O -by O -electron O -microscopy O -, O -increased O -release O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labeled I-Chemical -material O -, O -and O -higher O -cell O -susceptibility O -to O -autolysis O -; O -( O -ii O -) O -the O -increase O -of O -both O -total O -and O -irreversible O -binding O -of O -DNA O -by O -the O -cells O -; O -and O -( O -iii O -) O -the O -decrease O -of O -early O -nucleolytic O -degradation O -of O -DNA O -by O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Coordination O -chemistry O -of O -microbial O -iron B-Chemical -transport O -compounds O -: O -rhodotorulic O -acid O -and O -iron B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -Rhodotorula O -pilimanae O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -weight O -of O -the O -evidence O -supports O -a O -model O -in O -which O -RA O -mediates O -iron B-Chemical -transport O -to O -the O -cell O -but O -does O -not O -actually O -transport O -iron B-Chemical -into O -the O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cytosine B-Chemical -liponucleotides O -CDP O -- O -diglyceride O -and O -dCDP O -- O -diglyceride O -are O -key O -intermediates O -in O -phospholipid O -biosynthesis O -in O -Escherichia O -coli O -( O -C O -. O -R O -. O -H O -. O -Raetz O -and O -E O -. O -P O -. O -Kennedy O -, O -J O -. O -Biol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -systems O -examined O -were O -: O -( O -i O -) O -an O -isolated O -wall O -- O -enzyme O -complex O -in O -0 O -. O -01 O -M O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -pH O -6 O -. O -9 O -; O -( O -ii O -) O -exponential O -- O -phase O -cells O -suspended O -in O -0 O -. O -01 O -or O -o O -. O -3 O -M O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -, O -or O -in O -0 O -. O -04 O -M O -ammonium B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -, O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -, O -( O -iii O -) O -growing O -cultures O -deprived O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -or O -lysine O -; O -and O -( O -iv O -) O -cultures O -treated O -in O -growth O -media O -with O -the O -nonionic O -detergent O -, O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -two O -- O -step O -purification O -of O -pneumococcal O -eclipse O -complex O -is O -described O -, O -which O -uses O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -sedimentation O -followed O -by O -agarose O -gel O -permeation O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -material O -co O -- O -chromatographed O -with O -eclipse O -complex O -DNA O -on O -hydroxylapatite O -, O -was O -dissociated O -from O -the O -DNA O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -, O -and O -was O -completely O -digested O -by O -Pronase O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -the O -specific O -association O -of O -this O -protein O -with O -transforming O -DNA O -is O -eclipse O -was O -also O -obtained O -from O -parallel O -purification O -from O -35S O -- O -labeled O -nontransformed O -cells O -; O -the O -amount O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -label O -in O -the O -corresponding O -fractions O -in O -such O -cells O -was O -only O -5 O -% O -of O -that O -in O -transformed O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -determine O -whether O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -has O -a O -nitrogen B-Chemical -control O -response O -, O -we O -have O -examined O -the O -regulation O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -utilization O -in O -two O -mutants O -with O -fivefold O -and O -threefold O -elevations O -in O -their O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -grow O -better O -than O -an O -isogenic O -control O -on O -media O -containing O -arginine O -or O -asparate O -, O -but O -more O -slowly O -with O -proline O -or O -alanine B-Chemical -as O -nitrogen B-Chemical -sources O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -transport O -for O -several O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -may O -be O -affected O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -between O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -levels O -and O -uptake O -was O -examined O -in O -two O -mutants O -with O -reduced O -, O -rather O -than O -increased O -, O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -show O -a O -correlation O -between O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -levels O -and O -the O -uptake O -rates O -for O -several O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Presence O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -of O -a O -deaminase O -and O -a O -reductase O -involved O -in O -biosynthesis O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -two O -compounds O -are O -currently O -thought O -to O -be O -intermediates O -in O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -is O -required O -as O -a O -cofactor O -; O -reduced O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -can O -be O -used O -about O -30 O -% O -as O -well O -as O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -form O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -only O -enzyme O -of O -uridylic O -acid O -biosynthesis O -found O -to O -be O -lacking O -in O -two O -uracil O -- O -requiring O -strains O -of O -A O -. O -variabilis O -was O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -, O -the O -first O -enzyme O -in O -the O -pathway O -of O -de O -novo O -biosynthesis O -of O -uridvlic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Tardive O -dyskinesia O -, O -a O -delayed O -side O -effect O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -, O -requires O -early O -recognition O -and O -a O -systematic O -treatment O -plan O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -acute O -and O -chronic O -administrations O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -, O -25 O -patients O -were O -studied O -to O -determine O -the O -effect O -of O -other O -psychotropic O -drugs O -on O -the O -plasma O -- O -saliva O -lithium B-Chemical -concentration O -correlations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -extends O -the O -usefulness O -of O -these O -determinations O -to O -include O -patients O -on O -lithium B-Chemical -and O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -or O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolic O -disposition O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -( O -Wy O -- O -4036 O -) O -in O -man O -, O -dog O -, O -cat O -, O -rat O -and O -miniature O -swine O -is O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -glucuronide O -is O -the O -major O -metabolite O -in O -all O -species O -except O -the O -rat O -in O -which O -a O -dihydrodiol O -derivative O -is O -the O -main O -product O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -biotransformation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentrations O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -in O -rat O -brain O -correlate O -well O -with O -those O -in O -plasma O -but O -are O -about O -three O -times O -higher O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -a O -3 O -- O -hydroxy O -, O -1 O -, O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepine I-Chemical -, O -indicate O -that O -it O -is O -rapidly O -and O -readily O -absorbed O -, O -reaching O -peak O -concentrations O -in O -the O -blood O -proportional O -to O -the O -dose O -approximately O -2 O -hours O -after O -oral O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -assessment O -of O -the O -safety O -and O -efficacy O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivative O -, O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -anxiety O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lorazepam B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -group O -showed O -significantly O -greater O -improvement O -than O -the O -placebo O -- O -treated O -group O -( O -both O -clinically O -and O -statistically O -) O -, O -as O -evidenced O -by O -the O -greater O -changes O -on O -the O -physician O -- O -rated O -Global O -Scale O -as O -well O -as O -by O -the O -greater O -changes O -in O -almost O -all O -categories O -on O -the O -physician O -- O -rated O -Hamilton O -Anxiety O -Scale O -and O -the O -patient O -- O -rated O -Lipman O -- O -Rickels O -35 O -- O -Item O -Self O -- O -Rating O -Scale O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -reduced O -conflict O -behavior O -in O -rats O -and O -monkeys O -, O -inhibited O -pentylenetetrazol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -electroshock O -- O -induced O -convulsions O -, O -suppressed O -footshock O -- O -induced O -fighting O -behavior O -, O -and O -prevented O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -stimulation O -in O -mice O -at O -lower O -doses O -than O -other O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -with O -oral O -lorazepam B-Chemical -in O -anxiety O -neurosis O -associated O -with O -depressive O -symptomatology O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -the O -results O -indicated O -that O -lorazepam B-Chemical -gave O -generally O -better O -anxiety O -relief O -than O -placebo O -; O -in O -the O -majority O -of O -comparisons O -the O -differences O -were O -substantial O -enough O -to O -be O -both O -statistically O -and O -clinically O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -was O -administered O -to O -38 O -patients O -with O -moderate O -to O -severe O -anxiety O -associated O -with O -cardiovascular O -symptomatology O -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -reactions O -were O -transient O -and O -tolerable O -, O -and O -were O -reported O -in O -only O -2 O -patients O -on O -lorazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Sixty O -- O -two O -adults O -with O -a O -current O -diagnosis O -of O -significant O -hypertension O -and O -accompanying O -moderate O -to O -severe O -anxiety O -were O -medicated O -with O -lorazepam B-Chemical -or O -with O -placebo O -for O -a O -period O -of O -4 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -lorazepam B-Chemical -patients O -were O -controlled O -with O -3 O -mg O -/ O -day O -; O -except O -for O -1 O -patient O -, O -side O -effects O -were O -mild O -and O -transient O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effectiveness O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -was O -assessed O -under O -double O -- O -blind O -conditions O -in O -70 O -ambulant O -patients O -suffering O -from O -anxiety O -associated O -with O -gastrointestinal O -symptomatology O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -lorazepam B-Chemical -was O -well O -accepted O -and O -well O -tolerated O -by O -the O -majority O -of O -patients O -and O -was O -compatible O -with O -concomitant O -medications O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -a O -common O -protocol O -, O -9 O -gastroenterologists O -assessed O -the O -comparative O -antianxiety O -efficacy O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -and O -placebo O -under O -double O -- O -blind O -conditions O -in O -48 O -patients O -with O -moderate O -to O -severe O -anxiety O -associated O -with O -chronic O -enteritis O -and O -ulcerative O -colitis O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -all O -3 O -rating O -scales O -and O -at O -virtually O -all O -times O -of O -assessment O -, O -lorazepam B-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -statistically O -significantly O -greater O -improvement O -in O -symptoms O -related O -to O -anxiety O -associated O -with O -chronic O -enteritis O -and O -ulcerative O -colitis O -than O -was O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -detergents O -tested O -, O -those O -other O -than O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -and O -Brij O -58 O -caused O -the O -conversion O -described O -above O -; O -dodecylsulfonate O -was O -most O -effective O -, O -whereas O -dodecylpyridinium O -chloride B-Chemical -was O -moderately O -effective O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -the O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphates O -tested O -can O -serve O -as O -the O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Exposure O -of O -rat O -sympathetic O -ganglia O -to O -3 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -S O -nerve O -growth O -factor O -( O -NGF O -) O -resulted O -in O -a O -100 O -% O -increase O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -within O -48 O -h O -. O -Pulselabeling O -of O -proteins O -with O -[ O -3H O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -, O -followed O -by O -immunoprecipitation O -with O -antibodies O -to O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydorxylase O -and O -isolation O -of O -the O -precipitated O -enzyme O -by O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -increase O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -was O -due O -to O -enhanced O -de O -novo O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fact O -that O -the O -half O -- O -life O -of O -pulse O -- O -labeled O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -was O -the O -same O -for O -NGF O -- O -treated O -and O -control O -organ O -cultures O -of O -superior O -cervical O -ganglia O -excludes O -the O -possibility O -that O -enhanced O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -labeling O -by O -NGF O -is O -due O -to O -decreased O -degradation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -and O -cyclic O -AMP O -on O -the O -rate O -and O -degree O -of O -phosphorylation O -and O -inactivation O -of O -rat O -liver O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -were O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -lower O -concentrations O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -, O -the O -rate O -and O -degree O -of O -phosphorylation O -are O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Depolymerization O -of O -carboxylase O -requires O -the O -transfer O -of O -the O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -group O -from O -ATP O -to O -carboxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -treating O -epididymal O -fat O -tissue O -in O -culture O -with O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -we O -have O -demonstrated O -catalytically O -less O -active O -forms O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -the O -less O -active O -forms O -of O -the O -carboxylase O -formed O -as O -a O -result O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -treatment O -are O -not O -due O -to O -the O -depolymerization O -of O -polymeric O -forms O -( O -45 O -S O -) O -to O -the O -protomeric O -forms O -( O -17 O -to O -20 O -S O -) O -, O -but O -to O -the O -formation O -of O -intermediate O -species O -of O -carboxylase O -which O -cannot O -form O -polymeric O -enzyme O -( O -45 O -S O -) O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -high O -concentrations O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cytochromes O -c O -are O -a O -family O -of O -hemoproteins O -that O -share O -a O -number O -of O -structural O -features O -: O -a O -thioether O -linkage O -between O -the O -protein O -and O -the O -heme O -, O -histidine O -and O -methionine B-Chemical -as O -the O -fifth O -and O -sixth O -iron B-Chemical -ligands O -, O -and O -a O -tertiary O -structure O -known O -as O -the O -" O -cytochrome O -fold O -. O -" O - -aps B-category -Restoration O -of O -the O -responsiveness O -of O -purified O -guanylate O -cyclase O -to O -nitrosoguanidine O -, O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -, O -and O -related O -activators O -by O -heme O -and O -hemeproteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -free O -hematin O -, O -hemoglobin O -, O -methemoglobin O -, O -active O -or O -heat O -- O -inactivated O -catalase O -partially O -restores O -responsiveness O -of O -purified O -guanylate O -cyclase O -to O -MNNG O -, O -NO O -, O -nitrite B-Chemical -, O -and O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Purified O -guanylate O -cyclase O -was O -more O -sensitive O -to O -preformed O -NO O -- O -hemoglobin O -( O -minimally O -effective O -concentration O -, O -0 O -. O -1 O -micron O -) O -than O -to O -MNNG O -( O -1 O -micron O -) O -, O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -( O -50 O -micron O -) O -, O -or O -nitrite B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -by O -each O -agent O -resulted O -in O -analogous O -alterations O -in O -the O -Mn2 O -+ O -and O -Mg2 O -+ O -requirements O -of O -enzyme O -activity O -, O -and O -responses O -were O -inhibited O -by O -the O -thiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -agents O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -, O -arsenite O -, O -or O -iodoacetamide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sensitivity O -of O -hemoglobin O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -to O -diphosphoglycerate O -and O -the O -characteristic O -pH O -of O -methemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -magnitude O -is O -higher O -in O -large O -animals O -than O -in O -small O -animals O -and O -varies O -linearly O -with O -the O -charged O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -the O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Variability O -in O -the O -effect O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglyceric O -acid O -on O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -in O -the O -different O -animal O -hemoglobins O -must O -therefore O -be O -the O -result O -of O -a O -positive O -Darwinian O -Selection O -of O -the O -charged O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -in O -their O -hemoglobins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mitogenic O -activity O -from O -crude O -human O -platelet O -lysates O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -trypsin O -sensitive O -, O -relatively O -stable O -to O -extremes O -of O -pH O -, O -labile O -to O -heat O -treatment O -at O -70 O -degrees O -, O -non O -- O -dialysable O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitable O -, O -not O -removed O -by O -56 O -degrees O -charcoal B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -and O -of O -apparent O -molecular O -weight O -of O -30 O -, O -000 O -to O -50 O -, O -000 O -daltons O -as O -estimated O -by O -G O -- O -100 O -Sephadex O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -on O -apatite O -formation O -from O -unstable O -supersaturated O -solutions O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -notable O -finding O -was O -that O -fluoride B-Chemical -greatly O -curtailed O -or O -eliminated O -the O -appearance O -of O -octacalcium O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -precursor O -phases O -in O -these O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -new O -technique O -is O -based O -on O -solubilization O -of O -proteases O -from O -PMN O -neutrophils O -by O -incubation O -with O -0 O -. O -25 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -in O -borate O -buffer O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -5 O -which O -leads O -to O -degradation O -of O -erythrocytes O -and O -plasma O -in O -a O -disclike O -zone O -( O -halo O -) O -around O -centrally O -situated O -PMN O -neutrophils O -, O -an O -effect O -that O -is O -visualized O -by O -staining O -smears O -using O -a O -modified O -colloidal O -iron B-Chemical -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Stereoselectivity O -of O -binding O -was O -demonstrated O -by O -the O -observation O -that O -displacement O -of O -[ O -125I O -] O -IHYP O -by O -( O -- O -) O -propranolol B-Chemical -occurred O -at O -concentrations O -at O -least O -100 O -times O -lower O -than O -with O -( O -+ O -) O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -shift O -to O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -selective I-Chemical -from O -chloride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -selective I-Chemical -anion O -reabsorption O -during O -ECFV O -expansion O -in O -metabolic O -acidosis O -vs O -. O -metabolic O -alkalosis O -indicates O -that O -in O -response O -to O -ECFV O -expansion O -- O -the O -kidney O -selectively O -alters O -the O -ratio O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -to O -chloride B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -tubular O -reabsorbate O -in O -the O -direction O -that O -tends O -to O -normalize O -plasma O -acid O -- O -base O -composition O -, O -irrespective O -of O -the O -direction O -of O -deviation O -of O -the O -initial O -plasma O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -physiological O -conditions O -iron B-Chemical -from O -the O -B O -- O -site O -has O -the O -tendency O -to O -move O -to O -the O -A O -- O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -intact O -rats O -nicotinamide O -induces O -an O -increase O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -depending O -on O -the O -dose O -of O -nicotinamide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combination O -of O -nicotinamide O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -cortisone O -acetate O -does O -not O -cause O -a O -significant O -increase O -of O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -, O -which O -, O -however O -, O -can O -be O -seen O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1 O -) O -In O -stress O -- O -relaxation O -experiments O -using O -a O -reciprocating O -tablet O -machine O -, O -none O -of O -the O -materials O -behaved O -as O -a O -Maxwell O -body O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -recent O -published O -work O -( O -David O -& O -amp O -; O -Augsburger O -, O -1977 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -compacts O -exhibited O -brittle O -behaviour O -in O -the O -diametral O -compression O -test O -and O -in O -the O -10 O -s O -contact O -time O -experiment O -. O - -aps B-category -Baclofen B-Chemical -( O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chlorophenyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -gamma I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -) O -enhances O -[ O -3H O -] O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -GABA I-Chemical -) O -release O -from O -rat O -globus O -pallidus O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -Baclofen I-Chemical -( O -300 O -micrometer O -- O -1 O -mM O -) O -significantly O -enhanced O -the O -release O -of O -radioactivity O -from O -superfused O -slices O -of O -rat O -globus O -pallidus O -prelabelled O -with O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -GABA I-Chemical -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -releasing O -effect O -of O -baclofen B-Chemical -appeared O -unrelated O -to O -the O -phenethylamine O -moiety O -of O -its O -structure O -as O -neither O -beta O -- O -phenethylamine O -nor O -dopamine B-Chemical -evoked O -release O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -GABA I-Chemical -from O -pallidal O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -specific O -glial O -and O -neuronal O -GABA B-Chemical -uptake O -blocking O -compounds O -( O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -and O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -cis O -- O -1 O -, O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cyclohexanecarboxylic I-Chemical -acid O -) O -did O -not O -permit O -resolution O -of O -the O -elements O -from O -which O -baclofen B-Chemical -was O -evoking O -[ O -3H O -] O -GABA B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potential O -of O -the O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -isomer O -as O -an O -antipsychotic O -agent O -while O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -baclofen I-Chemical -remains O -the O -effective O -antispastic O -drug O -free O -from O -unwanted O -side O -- O -effects O -, O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -stimulated O -lipolysis O -in O -brown O -adipose O -tissue O -, O -but O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -phenyl O -- O -ephrine O -did O -not O -in O -white O -adipose O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -an O -alpha O -- O -blocking O -drug O -, O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -further O -increased O -the O -lipolysis O -induced O -by O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -or O -adrenaline B-Chemical -in O -brown O -adipose O -tissue O -and O -inhibited O -the O -effect O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -of O -pH O -on O -lipolysis O -was O -further O -enhanced O -by O -phentolamine B-Chemical -and O -decreased O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -show O -that O -brown O -adipose O -tissue O -of O -the O -rat O -has O -an O -alpha O -- O -receptor O -with O -inhibitory O -effects O -on O -lipolysis O -that O -is O -affected O -by O -alpha O -- O -or O -mixed O -- O -type O -adrenergic O -agonists O -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -vessel O -has O -a O -rich O -sympathetic O -innervation O -and O -lends O -itself O -to O -studies O -on O -[ O -3H O -] O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -efflux O -from O -these O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -of O -the O -vessels O -with O -a O -mixture O -of O -iproniazid O -, O -doca O -, O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -UO521 O -( O -3 O -' O -, O -4 O -' O -- O -dihydroxy O -- O -2 O -- O -methyl O -propiophenone O -) O -significantly O -enhanced O -[ O -3H O -] O -- B-Chemical -noradrenaline I-Chemical -efflux O -from O -the O -artery O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -motor O -behaviour O -caused O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -its O -isomers O -. O - -aps B-category -Furfural O -as O -a O -new O -decomposition O -product O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -solution O -under O -oxygen B-Chemical -atmosphere O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -dissolving O -pH O -of O -enteric O -coating O -agent O -on O -bioavailability O -of O -enteric O -coated O -tablets O -of O -erythromycin B-Chemical -in O -man O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Tetracycline O -complexation O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -organic O -ligands O -was O -studied O -using O -fluorescence O -, O -circular O -dichroism O -, O -and O -solvent O -extraction O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -Tetracycline O -formed O -ternary O -calcium B-Chemical -complexes O -with O -barbital O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -in O -alkaline O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -the O -characteristics O -of O -the O -ternary O -complexes O -and O -of O -the O -tetracycline B-Chemical -degradation O -products O -, O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -only O -the O -active O -form O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -can O -be O -complexed O -and O -extracted O -for O -fluorescence O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Dianionic O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -HPO42 O -- O -) O -increased O -the O -amount O -of O -free O -chloride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ion I-Chemical -production O -without O -significantly O -altering O -the O -hydrolysis O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -series O -of O -4 O -- O -( O -substituted O -aminosulfonyl O -) O -- O -and O -4 O -- O -( O -substituted O -hydrazinosulfonyl O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -aminobutanoic O -acids O -, O -compounds O -structurally O -related O -to O -glutamine B-Chemical -, O -was O -synthesized O -as O -potential O -inhibitors O -of O -L O -- O -asparagine O -synthetase O -and O -subjected O -to O -screening O -as O -antitumor O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -DL O -- O -4 O -, O -4 O -' O -- O -dithiobis O -[ O -2 O -- O -( O -benzyloxycarbonylamino O -) O -butanoic O -acid O -] O -, O -an O -intermediate O -in O -the O -synthesis O -of O -the O -target O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -exhibited O -90 O -% O -inhibition O -of O -L O -- O -asparagine O -synthetase O -at O -10 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intrinsic O -factor O -- O -mediated O -binding O -of O -cyanocobalamin O -to O -cholestyramine O -was O -studied O -in O -vitro O -under O -varying O -conditions O -of O -pH O -, O -added O -electrolyte O -, O -and O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Antagonism O -by O -naloxone B-Chemical -of O -narcotic O -- O -induced O -respiratory O -depression O -and O -analgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -similarity O -of O -apparent O -pA2 O -values O -of O -the O -three O -compunds O -for O -respiratory O -depression O -suggests O -that O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -levorphanol O -and O -pentazocine B-Chemical -may O -interact O -with O -similar O -receptors O -to O -produce O -this O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -beta O -adrenergic O -blockade O -on O -the O -increase O -in O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -produced O -by O -acute O -respiratory O -acidosis O -was O -studied O -in O -chloralose B-Chemical -anesthetized O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -of O -elevated O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -during O -4 O -% O -and O -8 O -% O -CO2 O -inhalation O -was O -not O -different O -between O -the O -control O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Role O -of O -volatile O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -pH O -of O -the O -gastrointestinal O -contents O -in O -Shigella O -infection O -in O -starved O -monkeys O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Every O -stress O -reaction O -leads O -to O -an O -increased O -, O -hormonelly O -induced O -mobilisation O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -the O -extent O -of O -which O -may O -be O -considered O -as O -a O -parameter O -of O -the O -aggression O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -some O -reports O -of O -the O -literature O -, O -the O -increase O -of O -the O -concentration O -of O -total O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -was O -due O -to O -corresponding O -increases O -of O -all O -individual O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -By O -gas O -chromatography O -the O -following O -constituents O -were O -identified O -: O -methane O -, O -ethane O -, O -heptane O -, O -methanol O -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -n O -- O -propanol O -, O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -, O -acetone O -, O -ethyl O -benzene B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Carbromal O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -are O -most O -quickly O -removed O -from O -aqueous O -solutions O -by O -Amberlite O -XAD O -- O -2 O -and O -XAD O -- O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drop O -is O -most O -pronounced O -with O -Amberlite O -XAD O -- O -2 O -and O -XAD O -- O -4 O -, O -but O -even O -when O -using O -charcoal B-Chemical -preparations O -the O -platelet O -depletion O -can O -reach O -10 O -% O -of O -the O -original O -number O -over O -5 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -22 O -patients O -with O -essential O -hypertension O -plasma O -levels O -and O -urine O -excretions O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -were O -studied O -before O -, O -during O -and O -after O -long O -- O -term O -beta O -- O -blockade O -with O -pindolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -During O -placebo O -there O -existed O -a O -significant O -( O -p O -is O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -03 O -) O -correlation O -between O -blood O -pressure O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -excretion I-Chemical -which O -disappeared O -during O -beta O -- O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -placebo O -period O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -positive O -correlation O -between O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -excretion I-Chemical -during O -long O -- O -term O -treatment O -with O -pindolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glucocorticoid O -binding O -and O -response O -in O -rat O -liver O -and O -diethylnitrosamine B-Chemical -( O -DENA O -) O -- O -induced O -hepatomas O -. O - -aps B-category -Modification O -of O -noradrenergic O -hypothalamic O -system O -in O -rat O -injected O -with O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -liposomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -diazepam B-Chemical -binding O -following O -chronic O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -neurobiology O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -MHV O -- O -2 O -was O -completely O -inactivated O -by O -ether B-Chemical -, O -chloroform B-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -or O -beta O -- O -propiolactone O -, O -but O -showed O -a O -moderate O -resistance O -to O -trypsin O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Fixation O -of O -free O -nitrogen B-Chemical -in O -the O -soil O -and O -on O -the O -roots O -of O -citrus O -trees O -in O -the O -subtropics O -of O -the O -Georgian O -SSR O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -minimum O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fixation O -in O -podzolic O -soils O -was O -3 O -- O -- O -8 O -kg O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -per O -hectare O -per O -vegetative O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -dose O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fertilizers O -with O -liming O -increased O -the O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fixing O -activity O -of O -subtropic O -podzolic O -soils O -of O -mandarin O -plantations O -whereas O -a O -triple O -dose O -inhibited O -the O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -ATP O -- O -dependent O -and O -ATP O -- O -independent O -synthesis O -of O -DNA O -was O -studied O -on O -nucleotide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -permeable I-Chemical -cells O -of O -Bacillus O -stearothermophilus O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Dehydrogenase O -isoenzymatic O -spectrum O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -aspartic O -and O -glutamic O -acids O -in O -Candida O -albicans O -yeasts O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -spectrum O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -found O -to O -depend O -on O -a O -cofactor O -being O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Methadone B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -L5178Y O -mouse O -leukemic O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Prazepam O -and O -lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -two O -new O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -phencyclidine B-Chemical -in O -overdosage O -and O -its O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -QSAR O -of O -agents O -involved O -in O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -LSD O -binding O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -Illustrating O -these O -ideas O -is O -a O -characterization O -of O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -receptor O -linked O -to O -adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -published O -results O -are O -reviewed O -to O -show O -the O -variety O -of O -receptors O -that O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -has O -affinity O -for O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -this O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -linked O -to O -adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -homogenates O -of O -guinea O -pig O -hippocampus O -and O -cortex O -, O -D O -- O -LSD O -and O -D O -- O -2 O -- O -bromo O -- O -LSD O -( O -BrLSD O -) O -were O -shown O -to O -be O -competitive O -antagonists O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -pre O -- O -and O -postsynaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -effects O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -tramazoline O -on O -blood O -vessels O -of O -the O -rabbit O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -time O -lapse O -of O -the O -cytostatic O -effect O -of O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -lately O -as O -4 O -days O -after O -the O -therapy O -80 O -% O -of O -the O -cells O -incorporate O -trypan B-Chemical -blue I-Chemical -and O -the O -glycolytic O -activity O -is O -inhibited O -in O -the O -order O -of O -80 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -system O -of O -non O -- O -syngeneic O -transfer O -of O -stem O -hemopoietic O -cells O -, O -the O -preliminary O -incubation O -of O -the O -cells O -of O -bone O -marrow O -or O -embryonic O -liver O -of O -the O -C57BL O -mice O -with O -different O -temperature O -RNA O -fractions O -isolated O -from O -the O -spleen O -of O -( O -CBAXC57BL O -) O -F1 O -was O -shown O -to O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -complete O -or O -partial O -restoration O -of O -the O -colony O -forming O -ability O -of O -the O -donor O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cardiovascular O -and O -respiratory O -responses O -to O -scolex O -- O -free O -ovine O -hydatid O -cyst O -fluid O -were O -studied O -in O -65 O -sodium B-Chemical -pentobarbital I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anesthetized I-Chemical -sheep O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -administration O -of O -the O -antihistamines O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -, O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -and O -antazoline O -, O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -caused O -only O -partial O -prevention O -of O -the O -responses O -in O -8 O -out O -of O -15 O -responsive O -sheep O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -, O -the O -symbol O -for O -" O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ion I-Chemical -concentration O -" O -, O -is O -a O -series O -of O -dimensionless O -" O -units O -" O -that O -have O -only O -general O -significance O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -differences O -in O -UA O -[ O -H O -+ O -] O -or O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -or O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drinking O -habits O -of O -55 O -adolescents O -, O -aged O -12 O -to O -22 O -years O -, O -were O -evaluated O -in O -light O -of O -the O -current O -presumed O -upsurge O -in O -adolescent O -alcohol B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Rates O -of O -block O -by O -procaine B-Chemical -and O -benzocaine O -and O -the O -procaine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzocaine I-Chemical -interaction O -at O -the O -node O -of O -Ranvier O -. O - -aps B-category -Recovery O -in O -Ringer O -solution O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -) O -from O -30 O -- O -s O -treatment O -with O -1 O -mM O -procaine B-Chemical -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -) O -, O -the O -equieffective O -0 O -. O -15 O -mM O -procaine B-Chemical -( O -pH O -8 O -. O -9 O -) O -and O -from O -0 O -. O -5 O -mM O -benzocaine O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -) O -was O -54 O -% O -, O -31 O -% O -and O -70 O -% O -, O -respectively O -, O -within O -1 O -s O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Changing O -between O -1 O -mM O -procaine B-Chemical -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -) O -and O -acid O -Ringer O -solution O -( O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -) O -and O -washing O -out O -10 O -mM O -procaine B-Chemical -( O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -) O -with O -neutral O -Ringer O -solution O -also O -led O -to O -a O -non O -- O -monotonic O -change O -in O -VA O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -procaine B-Chemical -+ O -benzocaine O -the O -membrane O -responded O -much O -as O -in O -benzocaine O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -phenomena O -can O -be O -explained O -on O -the O -assumption O -of O -voltage O -- O -dependent O -binding O -of O -benzocaine O -and O -procaine B-Chemical -to O -a O -common O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -low O -chloride B-Chemical -concentration O -HbFII O -solutions O -had O -an O -alkaline O -Bohr O -effect O -identical O -to O -that O -measured O -in O -HbA1 O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -larger O -alkaline O -Bohr O -effect O -of O -fetal O -erythrocytes O -of O -HbFII O -solutions O -is O -related O -to O -a O -diminished O -acid O -Bohr O -effect O -, O -due O -to O -the O -lower O -affinity O -of O -HbFII O -for O -chloride B-Chemical -anions O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Competitive O -effects O -of O -pindolol B-Chemical -and O -salbutamol B-Chemical -on O -airway O -resistance O -in O -asthmatics O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Double O -- O -blind O -comparative O -study O -of O -pindolol B-Chemical -alone O -and O -its O -association O -with O -a O -nitrate B-Chemical -derivative O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Study O -of O -pindolol B-Chemical -given O -once O -daily O -in O -a O -dose O -of O -15 O -mg O -in O -arterial O -hypertension O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Is O -it O -possible O -to O -predict O -the O -antihypertensive O -action O -of O -a O -beta O -- O -blocker O -by O -an O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -? O - -aps B-category -Glutaminase O -- O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -: O -subcellular O -localization O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -production O -in O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -antiparkinsonian O -activity O -of O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -prolyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -amide O -( O -PLG O -= O -MIF O -- O -I O -) O -has O -been O -previously O -observed O -in O -several O -clinical O -trials O -, O -little O -is O -known O -of O -the O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -this O -tripeptide O -on O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -change O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -or O -dopa O -decarboxylase O -activities O -in O -rat O -striatal O -homogenates O -was O -found O -after O -addition O -of O -PLG O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Change O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -after O -gamma O -irradiation O -in O -the O -early O -embryogenesis O -period O -and O -the O -possible O -role O -of O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -system O -in O -this O -process O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Potentiometrically O -measured O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -( O -Ca2 O -+ O -) O -was O -compared O -with O -total O -and O -albumin O -corrected O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Calcium I-Chemical -and O -calculated O -Ca2 O -+ O -in O -serum O -samples O -from O -blood O -donors O -and O -patients O -, O -for O -whom O -a O -request O -of O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Calcium I-Chemical -has O -been O -made O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -frequency O -and O -severity O -of O -hypoalbuminaemia O -in O -patients O -make O -calculated O -Ca2 O -+ O -unreliable O -and O -albumin O -corrected O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Calcium I-Chemical -the O -clinically O -most O -satisfactory O -routinely O -practicable O -substitute O -for O -direct O -Ca2 O -+ O -measurement O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -14 O -patients O -with O -essential O -hypertension O -, O -left O -ventricular O -function O -was O -assessed O -echocardiographically O -before O -and O -after O -4 O -and O -8 O -weeks O -of O -treatment O -with O -the O -betablocking O -agent O -atenolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Retinal O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -amacrine O -neurons O -are O -rapidly O -activated O -by O -light O -, O -as O -shown O -by O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -formation O -in O -vivo O -and O -a O -concomitant O -increase O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -, O -measured O -in O -vitro O -with O -a O -subsaturating O -concentration O -of O -pteridine O -cofactor O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -amacrine O -neurons O -should O -provide O -basic O -data O -about O -the O -biochemical O -processing O -of O -visual O -information O -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -physiological O -presynaptic O -regulatory O -mechanisms O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -evidence O -supports O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -glutamate B-Chemical -is O -the O -neurotransmitter O -for O -primary O -auditory O -fibers O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -have O -come O -to O -the O -conclusion O -that O -it O -is O -not O -necessary O -to O -prescribe O -anti O -- O -Parkinson O -drugs O -, O -the O -side O -- O -effects O -of O -which O -are O -well O -- O -known O -, O -firstly O -by O -diminuing O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -doses O -as O -soon O -as O -the O -first O -symptoms O -of O -extra O -- O -pyramidal O -syndrome O -appear O -, O -and O -secondly O -, O -when O -these O -symptoms O -appear O -by O -adding O -some O -Tiapridal O -to O -the O -dose O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -already O -taken O -. O - -aps B-category -Emphasis O -is O -on O -educating O -patient O -and O -parents O -and O -on O -using O -doses O -calculated O -for O -weight O -of O -anhydrous O -theophylline B-Chemical -equivalent O -as O -well O -as O -for O -beta O -agonists O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -normal O -values O -were O -satisfactory O -for O -arterial O -pressure O -, O -peripheral O -resistance O -, O -pH O -, O -mixed O -venous O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -and O -arterial O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -, O -largely O -because O -of O -the O -biphasic O -patterns O -of O -these O -variables O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -NIOM O -news O -: O -study O -on O -Cd O -and O -Ni O -contents O -of O -dental O -gold B-Chemical -hard O -solder O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -shown O -previously O -that O -these O -teratogens O -bind O -tightly O -and O -reversibly O -to O -chondroitin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -of O -cartilage O -and O -compete O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -for O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -Retention O -of O -radioactive O -teratogen O -by O -embryos O -is O -inverse O -to O -retention O -of O -[ O -45Ca O -] O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -pH O -on O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -degradation O -by O -mixed O -fecal O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -powerful O -selective O -effect O -was O -imposed O -on O -NAD O -- O -dependent O -7alpha O -- O -hydroxysteroid O -oxidoreductase O -when O -deoxycholate O -or O -chenodeoxycholate B-Chemical -were O -incorporated O -into O -or O -chenodeoxycholate B-Chemical -were O -incorporated O -into O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -precent O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -group O -estimations O -at O -the O -3alpha O -- O -, O -7alpha O -- O -, O -and O -12alpha O -- O -positions O -revealed O -an O -increase O -in O -disappearance O -of O -OH O -groups O -at O -all O -three O -positions O -with O -increasing O -initial O -pH O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -is O -described O -for O -purifying O -the O -estrogen B-Chemical -content O -of O -pregnancy O -urine O -with O -little O -loss O -of O -the O -labile O -estrogens B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mild O -organic O -- O -solvent O -- O -HIO O -partition O -system O -of O -Brown O -is O -used O -for O -separating O -the O -strongly O -polar O -, O -2including O -all O -" O -labile O -" O -estrogens B-Chemical -, O -and O -of O -the O -weakly O -polar O -estrogens B-Chemical -, O -from O -neutral O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -final O -residues O -were O -revealed O -by O -mass O -- O -spectroscopy O -to O -consist O -almost O -solely O -of O -estrogens B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Identification O -as O -estrogen B-Chemical -for O -all O -but O -a O -few O -minor O -peaks O -of O -the O -gas O -chromatogram O -was O -obtained O -by O -mass O -- O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -for O -purifying O -the O -estrogen B-Chemical -content O -of O -pregnancy O -urine O -with O -little O -loss O -of O -the O -labile O -estrogens B-Chemical -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Polar O -estrogens B-Chemical -are O -leached O -in O -an O -organic O -- O -solvent O -- O -water O -partition O -system O -from O -neutal O -steroids B-Chemical -, O -the O -remainder O -of O -which O -are O -removed O -by O -ion O -- O -exchange O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -, O -using O -2 O -chromatograms O -, O -revealed O -12 O -estrogen B-Chemical -peaks O -in O -normal O -pregnancy O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chorion O -was O -more O -active O -than O -the O -amnion O -but O -the O -enzyme O -in O -both O -tissues O -had O -similar O -substrate O -and O -nucleotide B-Chemical -specificity O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -with O -NADP O -as O -cofactor O -both O -steroids B-Chemical -were O -equally O -good O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -microsomes O -were O -prepared O -in O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -Vmax O -for O -17beta O -- O -hydroxysteroid O -oxidoreductase O -( O -17beta O -- O -HSD O -) O -was O -greater O -, O -the O -Km O -for O -NAD O -+ O -was O -greater O -and O -the O -Km O -for O -testosterone B-Chemical -lower O -than O -in O -its O -absence O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -no O -differences O -were O -detected O -in O -sedimentation O -properties O -on O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradients O -suggesting O -that O -the O -differences O -and O -changes O -in O -the O -kinetic O -behavior O -of O -17beta O -- O -HSD O -reflect O -a O -conformational O -flexibility O -at O -the O -active O -site O -and O -are O -not O -due O -to O -extensive O -changes O -in O -the O -structure O -of O -the O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -when O -histological O -appearances O -had O -returned O -to O -normal O -, O -after O -two O -weeks O -of O -abstinence O -from O -alcohol B-Chemical -several O -histological O -and O -ultrastructural O -features O -of O -the O -initial O -hepatitis O -persisted O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -have O -been O -made O -on O -thermal O -synthesis O -of O -peptides O -containing O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -leucine B-Chemical -, O -threonine O -, O -and O -histidine O -) O -and O -succinic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -demonstrated O -that O -glycine B-Chemical -exhibits O -high O -capacity O -for O -polymerization O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -hydrolyzates O -of O -some O -of O -the O -peptides O -, O -a O -new O -non O -- O -identified O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -found O -which O -was O -formed O -from O -threonine O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -agarose O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -isoelectric O -focusing O -revealed O -evidence O -for O -oligoclonal O -bands O -in O -serum O -as O -well O -as O -in O -CSF O -in O -41 O -% O -of O -the O -multiple O -sclerosis O -patients O -, O -indicating O -diffusion O -from O -CSF O -to O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenytoin B-Chemical -sweat O -concentration O -was O -found O -to O -correspond O -to O -the O -free O -fraction O -in O -plasma O -and O -to O -be O -independent O -of O -sweat O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraperitoneal O -immunization O -with O -formalin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -killed I-Chemical -bacteria O -as O -well O -as O -previous O -hematogenous O -infection O -with O -Proteus O -O3H1 O -showed O -a O -protective O -effect O -against O -hematogenous O -pyelonephritis O -in O -rats O -when O -the O -homologous O -strain O -was O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -V O -. O -Effect O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -metal O -ions O -on O -the O -stability O -of O -benzylpenicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -differential O -action O -on O -the O -sympathetic O -transmitter O -, O -though O -less O -clearcut O -, O -was O -seen O -with O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -substrates O -were O -most O -rapidly O -oxidized O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -and O -state O -3 O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -on O -whole O -blood O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -following O -addition O -to O -human O -blood O -of O -either O -ionic O -( O -diatrizoate B-Chemical -) O -or O -non O -- O -ionic O -( O -metrizamide O -) O -contrast B-Chemical -medium I-Chemical -were O -investigated O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Solutions O -of O -metrizamide O -produced O -less O -changes O -in O -plasma O -pH O -than O -solutions O -of O -diatrizoate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Eighteen O -inpatients O -suffering O -from O -a O -severe O -anxiety O -received O -in O -double O -- O -blind O -and O -crossover O -conditions O -iv O -and O -im O -injections O -of O -10 O -mg O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -5 O -mg O -lorazepam B-Chemical -or O -saline O -t O -. O -i O -. O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -7 O -years O -of O -experience O -with O -delayed O -action O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Homeostasis O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -other O -minerals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -on O -secretin O -release O -and O -pancreatic O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -secretion O -after O -duodenal O -acidification O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphopyridoxal O -cyclic O -compounds O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -histidine O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -compounds O -synthesized O -from O -histamine B-Chemical -( O -Hi O -) O -or O -histidine O -( O -His O -) O -with O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -( O -PL O -) O -- O -- O -[ O -Hi O -- O -PL O -, O -His O -- O -PL O -] O -and O -Hi O -or O -His O -with O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -PLP O -) O -- O -- O -[ O -Hi O -- O -PLP O -, O -His O -- O -PLP O -] O -were O -tested O -for O -stability O -in O -buffer O -, O -acid O -and O -base O -solutions O -, O -crude O -homogenates O -of O -various O -tissues O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -enzymes O -which O -metabolize O -Hi O -or O -His O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -steroidal I-Chemical -anti I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inflammatory I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -( O -indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -naproxen B-Chemical -, O -meclofenamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -feprazone O -and O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -: O -NSAIDs B-Chemical -) O -and O -three O -glucocorticosteroids O -( O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -, O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -and O -prednisolone B-Chemical -) O -have O -been O -tested O -as O -local O -inhibitors O -of O -increased O -vascular O -permeability O -in O -guinea O -- O -pig O -skin O -. O - -aps B-category -NSAIDs B-Chemical -and O -glucocorticosteroids O -caused O -either O -weak O -, O -inconsistent O -inhibition O -or O -slight O -, O -high O -- O -dose O -inhibition O -of O -the O -response O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -inhibition O -with O -the O -NSAIDs B-Chemical -was O -never O -greater O -than O -50 O -- O -- O -60 O -% O -Feprazone O -, O -meclofenamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -indomethacin B-Chemical -were O -the O -most O -potent O -inhibitors O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -PCA O -and O -Arthus O -responses O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -orally O -absorbable O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -derivative O -, O -cefaclor O -, O -is O -equally O -effective O -in O -vitro O -against O -ampicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -susceptible I-Chemical -and O -- O -resistant O -Haemophilus O -and O -against O -other O -bacteria O -that O -cause O -acute O -otitis O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -Azulfidine O -- O -( O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -) O -induced O -hepatic O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -patients O -with O -ascites O -due O -to O -chronic O -liver O -disease O -were O -treated O -with O -spironolactone B-Chemical -as O -the O -sole O -diuretic B-Chemical -in O -doses O -of O -300 O -to O -600 O -mg O -daily O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -spironolactone B-Chemical -, O -mean O -daily O -weight O -loss O -was O -540 O -g O -and O -natriuresis O -74 O -mEq O -; O -diuresis O -was O -considered O -satisfactory O -in O -nine O -of O -ten O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -spite O -of O -the O -tendency O -to O -hyperkalemia O -, O -urinary O -potassium B-Chemical -excretion O -increased O -in O -seven O -of O -the O -ten O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -urate B-Chemical -did O -not O -increase O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -hormone O -is O -superimposed O -upon O -an O -intracolonic O -infusion O -of O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -mucus O -secretion O -is O -also O -significantly O -inhibited O -( O -790 O -- O -340 O -mg O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -postprandial O -rise O -in O -plasma O -secretin O -levels O -was O -abolished O -when O -antral O -pH O -was O -raised O -5 O -. O -5 O -by O -intragastric O -infusion O -of O -0 O -. O -3 O -N O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Urea O -has O -been O -used O -in O -collagen O -chemistry O -to O -dissociate O -collagen O -by O -interfering O -with O -hydrophobic O -linkages O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonds O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -testing O -was O -performed O -using O -an O -injection O -of O -30 O -per O -cent O -urea B-Chemical -at O -pH O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -suggests O -that O -the O -stress O -and O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -response O -which O -accompany O -a O -GvH O -reaction O -account O -for O -the O -reduction O -in O -the O -thymic O -size O -and O -cortical O -lymphoid O -cell O -mass O -. O - -aps B-category -Baclofen B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -which O -inhibits O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -, O -was O -administered O -as O -a O -single O -400 O -mg O -oral O -dose O -before O -anaesthesia O -to O -forty O -- O -six O -patients O -undergoing O -elective O -gynaecological O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -patient O -who O -received O -cimetidine B-Chemical -between O -4 O -and O -6 O -h O -prior O -to O -anaesthesia O -had O -a O -gastric O -residue O -pH O -less O -than O -2 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -blood O -gas O -analysis O -: O -potential O -errors O -due O -to O -the O -addition O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -produced O -errors O -in O -all O -three O -parameters O -tested O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -Small O -but O -statistically O -significant O -errors O -were O -also O -produced O -in O -PO2 O -and O -pH O -by O -this O -heparin B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -haemodynamic O -effects O -of O -phenoperidine O -and O -fentanyl B-Chemical -were O -studied O -in O -ten O -patients O -with O -craniocerebral O -trauma O -who O -presented O -no O -surgical O -indications O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenoperidine O -and O -fentanyl B-Chemical -had O -the O -same O -effects O -: O -a O -significant O -fall O -in O -heart O -rate O -, O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -and O -cardiac O -index O -without O -any O -change O -in O -pulmonary O -wedge O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Clinical O -and O -gasometric O -study O -of O -low O -dose O -administration O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -in O -the O -child O -in O -the O -postoperative O -period O -in O -20 O -cases O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -change O -in O -meal O -size O -appears O -primary O -and O -is O -reversed O -by O -testosterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Meal O -size O -in O -adults O -is O -further O -depressed O -by O -stimuli O -from O -females O -, O -and O -it O -is O -argued O -in O -this O -case O -that O -testosterone B-Chemical -affects O -a O -general O -mechanism O -for O -altering O -feeding O -when O -other O -activities O -have O -a O -high O -priority O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasmin O -, O -by O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -acts O -upon O -the O -fibrinogen O -molecule O -first O -by O -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -alpha O -and O -beta O -chains O -liberating O -the O -X O -fragment O -and O -three O -peptides O -A O -, O -B O -and O -C O -. O -It O -continues O -on O -the O -alpha O -, O -beta O -and O -gamma O -chains O -of O -fragment O -X O -, O -leading O -to O -the O -appearance O -of O -fragments O -Y O -and O -D O -. O -Fragment O -Y O -is O -in O -turn O -hydrolysed O -into O -a O -second O -fragment O -D O -and O -fragment O -E O -. O -The O -initial O -( O -X O -and O -Y O -) O -or O -terminal O -( O -D O -and O -E O -) O -fibrinogen O -breakdown O -products O -each O -possess O -their O -own O -anticoagulant O -properties O -together O -with O -immunological O -properties O -which O -may O -be O -used O -in O -their O -estimation O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -a O -number O -of O -drugs O -with O -a O -short O -duration O -of O -action O -such O -as O -adrenalin O -, O -nicotinic O -acid O -, O -vasopressin B-Chemical -and O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Amongst O -these O -substances O -, O -phenformin O -, O -metformin B-Chemical -, O -ethyloestrenol O -, O -stanozolol O -and O -a O -new O -substance O -, O -moroxydine O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -standard O -dose O -is O -2 O -, O -700 O -, O -000 O -CTA O -units O -per O -24 O -hours O -administered O -as O -a O -continuous O -infusion O -, O -in O -association O -with O -appropriate O -heparin B-Chemical -therapy O -and O -a O -platelet O -anti O -- O -aggregant O -agent O -in O -order O -to O -palliate O -the O -hyperagregant O -effects O -of O -thrombolytic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -acute O -phase O -of O -myocardial O -infarction O -, O -a O -personal O -randomised O -study O -of O -120 O -cases O -consisting O -of O -60 O -treated O -with O -heparin B-Chemical -+ O -UK O -and O -60 O -with O -heparin B-Chemical -alone O -showed O -that O -UK O -decreased O -mortality O -, O -cardiac O -arrhythmias O -and O -cardiac O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Gonococci O -causing O -disseminated O -infection O -have O -retained O -their O -exquisite O -sensitivity O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -; O -the O -most O -virulent O -strains O -are O -associated O -with O -greatest O -sensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Timolol B-Chemical -maleate B-Chemical -is O -an O -effective O -agent O -of O -reducing O -intraocular O -pressure O -in O -patients O -with O -chronic O -open O -- O -angle O -glaucoma O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -technique O -for O -optimising O -reagent O -concentrations O -on O -the O -AutoAnalyzer O -has O -been O -applied O -to O -the O -estimation O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -by O -the O -Berthelot O -reaction O -in O -the O -determination O -of O -urea B-Chemical -and O -organic O -nitrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimum O -concentration O -of O -hypochlorite O -is O -five O -times O -greater O -with O -salicylate B-Chemical -than O -with O -phenol B-Chemical -, O -and O -for O -the O -catalyst O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -, O -the O -factor O -is O -two O -. O - -aps B-category -Depression O -of O -synaptic O -transmission O -by O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -could O -result O -if O -DPH O -blocked O -both O -calcium B-Chemical -transport O -at O -the O -axonal O -membrane O -and O -intracellular O -calcium B-Chemical -sequestration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -liver O -, O -striking O -increases O -were O -observed O -in O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -bis O -- O -( O -monoacylglyceryl O -) O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rabbit O -brain O -purine B-Chemical -nucleoside B-Chemical -phosphorylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -in O -dermatitis O -herpetiformis O -in O -young O -people O -. O - -aps B-category -Rhodopseudomonas O -acidophila O -strain O -7050 O -assimilated O -ammonia B-Chemical -via O -a O -constitutive O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -/ O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -enzyme O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -R O -. O -acidophila O -utilized O -only O -a O -limited O -range O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -as O -sole O -nitrogen B-Chemical -sources O -: O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -, O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -asparagine O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -R O -. O -acidophila O -was O -grown O -on O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -as O -the O -sole O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -N2 O -low O -levels O -of O -a O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -linked O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -were O -produced O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -grown O -cells O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -active O -alanine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glyoxylate I-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -, O -on O -occasions O -, O -low O -levels O -of O -an O -alanine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxaloacetate I-Chemical -aminotransferase O -were O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibody O -to O -purified O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -was O -prepared O -and O -used O -for O -an O -immunological O -comparison O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetases O -from O -species O -of O -Salmonella O -, O -Citrobacter O -, O -Enterobacter O -, O -Serratia O -, O -Proteus O -, O -Erwinia O -, O -Aeromonas O -, O -Pseudomonas O -, O -Acinetobacter O -, O -Xanthomonas O -, O -Alcaligenes O -, O -and O -Paracoccus O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunological O -comparisons O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetases O -appear O -to O -be O -very O -useful O -for O -the O -elucidation O -of O -relationships O -among O -distantly O -related O -species O -and O -genera O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -between O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -potential O -and O -the O -electrochemical O -proton O -gradient O -showed O -that O -the O -data O -found O -are O -in O -agreement O -with O -a O -stoichiometry O -of O -2 O -protons O -translocated O -per O -molecule O -ATP O -synthesized O -. O - -aps B-category -Over O -a O -range O -of O -concentrations O -from O -0 O -. O -01 O -- O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -mM O -, O -approximately O -45 O -% O -of O -1 O -- O -14C O -- O -DL O -- O -alpha O -- O -aminoadipate O -was O -taken O -up O -by O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -starved I-Chemical -mycelium O -. O - -aps B-category -Penicillin B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -achieved O -half O -of O -the O -maximum O -rate O -at O -an O -intracellular O -concentration O -of O -0 O -. O -06 O -nmol O -alpha O -- O -aminoadipate O -/ O -mg O -dry O -cell O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -Aminoadipate O -appears O -to O -be O -recycled O -during O -penicillin B-Chemical -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -specifically O -attacked O -the O -nucleosides B-Chemical -without O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -in O -the O -purine B-Chemical -moiety O -: O -inosine O -gave O -the O -maximum O -rate O -of O -hydrolysis O -and O -xanthosine O -was O -hydrolyzed O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -physiological O -significance O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -discussed O -in O -connection O -with O -the O -degradation O -and O -salvage O -pathways O -of O -purine B-Chemical -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -Haemoperfusion O -is O -most O -effective O -in O -the O -elimination O -of O -Carbromal O -and O -haemodialysis O -for O -removal O -of O -bromide B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Premedication O -with O -lorazepam B-Chemical -for O -bronchoscopy O -under O -general O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -was O -given O -to O -100 O -patients O -as O -premedication O -before O -bronchoscopy O -under O -thiopentone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -suxamethonium I-Chemical -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -was O -an O -effective O -night O -sedative O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -frequency O -of O -recall O -was O -higher O -in O -those O -who O -consumed O -alcohol B-Chemical -regularly O -and O -in O -females O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -show O -an O -advance O -on O -previous O -studies O -using O -pethidine B-Chemical -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -( O -PRA O -) O -was O -measured O -in O -26 O -pregnant O -patients O -before O -and O -during O -ritodrine B-Chemical -infusion O -( O -10 O -patients O -) O -, O -during O -isoxsuprine O -infusion O -( O -12 O -patients O -) O -, O -and O -during O -glucose B-Chemical -infusion O -( O -4 O -control O -patients O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Normal O -doses O -of O -ritodrine B-Chemical -and O -isoxsuprine O -increased O -the O -maternal O -heart O -rate O -to O -110 O -to O -120 O -beats O -/ O -minute O -and O -also O -doubled O -the O -PRA O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Absorption O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -by O -the O -young O -steer O -. O - -aps B-category -Conditions O -in O -the O -rumen O -were O -sometimes O -modified O -by O -adding O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -or O -hydrochloric O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -correlations O -between O -absorption O -efficiency O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -: O -potassium B-Chemical -in O -rumen O -contents O -( O -positive O -) O -and O -rumen O -pH O -( O -negative O -) O -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -from O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -and O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -13 I-Chemical -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -studies O -that O -the O -dissociation O -rate O -of O -oxytocin B-Chemical -from O -bovine O -neurophysin O -at O -neutral O -pH O -is O -slow O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -temperatures O -at O -which O -these O -transition O -take O -place O -( O -10 O -, O -25 O -- O -- O -30 O -and O -55 O -- O -- O -60 O -degrees O -C O -for O -erythrocyte O -, O -egg O -yolk O -and O -E O -. O -coli O -phosphatidylethanolamine O -, O -respectively O -) O -are O -sensitive O -to O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -, O -occurring O -at O -a O -temperature O -up O -to O -10 O -degrees O -C O -above O -the O -high O -temperature O -end O -of O -the O -hydrocarbon O -phase O -transition O -as O -detected O -by O -differential O -scanning O -calorimetry O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -100 O -mM O -NaCl B-Chemical -or O -10 O -mM O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -in O -aqueous O -dispersions O -of O -egg O -yolk O -phosphatidylethanolamine O -does O -not O -alter O -the O -temperature O -- O -dependent O -polymorphic O -phase O -behaviour O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -studied O -the O -role O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -ions O -in O -methyl O -beta O -- O -thiogalactoside O -( O -TMG O -) O -transport O -via O -the O -melibiose O -permease O -( O -TMG O -II O -) O -in O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -. O - -aps B-category -31P O -NMR O -has O -been O -used O -to O -measure O -light O -- O -induced O -pH O -changes O -inside O -bacteriorhodopsin O -vesicles O -containing O -entrapped O -sodium B-Chemical -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pure O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -: O -NADP O -+ O -1 O -- O -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -49 O -) O -is O -transformed O -into O -' O -hyperanodic O -forms O -' O -when O -incubated O -at O -acidic O -pH O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADP O -+ O -with O -excess O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -or O -with O -some O -' O -NADP O -+ O -modifying O -proteins O -' O -purified O -from O -the O -same O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Differences O -between O -hyperanodic O -and O -native O -forms O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -are O -also O -noted O -by O -microcomplement O -fixation O -analysis O -, O -ultraviolet O -absorbance O -difference O -spectrum O -and O -fluorescence O -emission O -spectrum O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -our O -data O -we O -suggest O -that O -the O -conversion O -into O -hyperanodic O -forms O -could O -be O -due O -to O -the O -covalent O -binding O -on O -the O -enzyme O -of O -a O -degradation O -product O -of O -the O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -coenzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -with O -beef O -liver O -serine O -hydroxymethyltransferase O -( O -5 O -, O -10 O -- O -methylenetetrahydrofolate O -: O -glycine B-Chemical -hydroxymethyltransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -) O -has O -been O -investigated O -using O -sedimentation O -velocity O -, O -kinetic O -and O -equilibrium O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -Reassociation O -of O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -with O -apoenzyme O -and O -reacquisition O -of O -enzymic O -activity O -follow O -identical O -kinetics O -. O - -aps B-category -Maxima O -observed O -in O -pH O -profiles O -with O -both O -binding O -and O -reactivation O -are O -interpreted O -as O -the O -composite O -fo O -two O -overlapping O -processes O -, O -one O -of O -which O -is O -ionization O -of O -the O -pyridinium O -nitrogen B-Chemical -of O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -the O -other O -a O -functional O -group O -on O -the O -apoenzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -pH O -on O -butylylcholinesterase O -reaction O -with O -organophosphorus B-Chemical -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Dimeric O -nature O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -compositions O -of O -homogeneous O -canine O -prostatic O -human O -liver O -and O -rat O -liver O -acid O -phosphatase O -isoenzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -compositions O -of O -the O -two O -rat O -liver O -isoenzymes O -are O -presented O -together O -with O -those O -of O -the O -similar O -dimeric O -acid O -phosphatase O -of O -human O -liver O -and O -of O -canine O -prostate O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -significant O -differences O -are O -seen O -in O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -rat O -liver O -acid O -phosphatase O -isoenzyme O -I O -as O -compared O -to O -a O -previous O -literature O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -liver O -cytoplasmic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -: O -tRNA O -ligase O -( O -tyrosine B-Chemical -: O -tRNA O -ligase O -, O -EC O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -) O -was O -purified O -by O -ultracentrifugation O -, O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -chromatography O -and O -repeated O -phosphocellulose O -chromatography O -by O -more O -than O -1500 O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -the O -following O -Km O -values O -for O -the O -enzyme O -: O -13 O -micrometer O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -1 O -. O -7 O -mM O -for O -ATP O -in O -the O -ATP O -: O -PPi O -exchange O -reaction O -and O -13 O -micrometer O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -210 O -micrometer O -for O -ATP O -and O -0 O -. O -14 O -micrometer O -for O -tRNATyr O -in O -the O -aminoacylation O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -enzyme O -electrode O -is O -described O -to O -measure O -continuously O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -following O -6 O -esters O -by O -bovine O -pancreatic O -carboxypeptidase O -A O -( O -peptidyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -hydrolase O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -12 O -. O -2 O -) O -has O -been O -investigated O -over O -the O -range O -pH O -5 O -- O -- O -10 O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -, O -ionic O -strength O -0 O -. O -2 O -: O -CH3CO2CHRCO2H O -( O -R O -= O -C6H5 O -( O -ester O -3 O -) O -, O -C6H5CH2 O -( O -ester O -4 O -) O -, O -4 O -- O -NO2C6H4CO2CHRCO2H O -( O -R O -= O -C6H5 O -( O -ester O -5 O -) O -, O -C6H5CH2 O -( O -ester O -6 O -) O -, O -CH3 O -( O -CH2 O -) O -2 O -( O -ester O -7 O -) O -) O -, O -CH3CH2CO2CH O -( O -CH2C6H5 O -) O -- O -CO2H O -( O -ester O -9 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -electron O -affinities O -of O -the O -alpha O -and O -beta O -chains O -of O -oxyhaemoglobin O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -and O -added O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -find O -that O -, O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -, O -the O -yield O -of O -beta O -- O -chain O -adduct O -is O -almost O -equal O -to O -that O -of O -the O -alpha O -- O -chains O -in O -the O -pH O -4 O -- O -- O -5 O -region O -, O -but O -these O -rapidly O -diverge O -with O -increasing O -pH O -, O -the O -beta O -- O -yield O -increasing O -and O -the O -alpha O -- O -yield O -decreasing O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -clearly O -binds O -to O -one O -or O -both O -chains O -, O -and O -this O -has O -the O -effect O -of O -reversing O -the O -relative O -electron O -affinities O -of O -the O -two O -chains O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamine O -synthetase O -( O -EC O -6 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -activity O -of O -hepatoma O -tissue O -culture O -cells O -is O -elevated O -by O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -and O -depressed O -by O -glutamine B-Chemical -( O -Kulka O -, O -R O -. O -G O -. O -, O -Tomkins O -, O -G O -. O -M O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -a O -glutamine B-Chemical -antagonist O -, O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfone O -( O -1 O -mM O -) O -to O -cells O -suspended O -in O -high O -( O -1 O -mM O -) O -concentrations O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -also O -causes O -an O -increase O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -which O -is O -greater O -than O -that O -elicited O -by O -the O -transfer O -of O -cells O -to O -low O -concentrations O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -cells O -with O -the O -synthetic O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -hormone O -, O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -, O -markedly O -stimulates O -the O -relative O -rate O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -biosynthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -total O -protein O -and O -RNA O -synthesis O -increase O -markedly O -with O -increasing O -external O -glutamine B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -range O -0 O -- O -- O -1 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -are O -consistent O -with O -the O -conclusion O -that O -the O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -, O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -, O -elevates O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -by O -stimulating O -its O -rate O -of O -synthesis O -, O -whereas O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfone O -elevates O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -by O -inhibiting O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -degradation O -of O -preformed O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydroxylamine O -and O -N O -- O -methylhydroxylamine O -prevented O -the O -activation O -of O -soluble O -guanylate O -cyclase O -by O -the O -endogenous O -activator O -as O -well O -as O -by O -nitroso O -compounds O -such O -as O -N O -- O -methyl O -- O -N O -' O -- O -nitro O -- O -N O -- O -nitrosoguanidine O -or O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -, O -while O -other O -derivaties O -of O -hydroxylamine O -were O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -N O -- O -Methylhydroxylamine O -also O -blocked O -the O -increases O -of O -cyclic O -GMP O -levels O -by O -carbachol B-Chemical -, O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -and O -N O -- O -methyl O -- O -N O -' O -- O -nitro O -- O -N O -- O -nitrosoguanidine O -in O -neuroblastoma O -N1E O -115 O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Identification O -of O -the O -functional O -groups O -of O -yeast O -thiamine B-Chemical -pyrophosphokinase O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -account O -of O -high O -speed O -of O -photoinactivation O -with O -Rose O -bengale O -and O -methilene O -blue O -, O -sigmoid O -dependence O -of O -activity O -loss O -on O -pH O -under O -irradiation O -, O -characteristic O -narrowing O -of O -the O -modified O -enzyme O -absorption O -spectrum O -, O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -imidazole O -residue O -of O -the O -histidine O -is O -one O -of O -the O -functional O -groups O -of O -thiamine B-Chemical -pyrophosphokinase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -trypsin O -with O -an O -acid O -polysaccharide O -, O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -2 O -and O -8 O -. O -0 O -is O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -on O -trypsin O -inactivation O -kinetics O -suggest O -that O -the O -stage O -of O -forming O -molecular O -complexes O -with O -different O -contents O -of O -trypsin O -and O -heparin B-Chemical -precedes O -the O -stage O -of O -the O -enzyme O -denaturation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -, O -and O -the O -C O -- O -and O -N O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -of O -both O -forms O -of O -alpha O -- O -amylases O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activation O -of O -purified O -adenylate O -deaminase O -from O -the O -duck O -myocardium O -by O -K O -+ O -is O -accompanied O -by O -modification O -of O -the O -substrate O -specificity O -and O -by O -the O -appearance O -of O -the O -capacity O -to O -deaminate O -adenosine B-Chemical -and O -adenine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -PH O -- O -dependence O -, O -mode O -of O -inhibition O -by O -phosphate B-Chemical -ions O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -alkaline O -metals O -suggests O -that O -adenosine B-Chemical -deamination O -is O -carried O -out O -by O -natural O -adenylate O -deaminase O -active O -centres O -when O -their O -conformation O -is O -changed O -under O -the O -activator O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Ventilatory O -patterns O -in O -surgical O -patients O -premedicated O -with O -lorazepam B-Chemical -or O -diazepam B-Chemical -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Regional O -sensitivity O -of O -primate O -brain O -dopaminergic O -neurons O -to O -haloperidol B-Chemical -: O -alterations O -following O -chronic O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -ipsilateral O -tubercle O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -activity O -began O -to O -increase O -by O -10 O -- O -14 O -days O -following O -the O -lesion O -, O -gradually O -reaching O -a O -maximum O -of O -125 O -% O -of O -control O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -by O -21 O -days O -where O -it O -remained O -permanently O -elevated O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -30 O -days O -the O -uptake O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -dopamine B-Chemical -into O -synaptosomes O -of O -the O -olfactory O -tubercle O -was O -also O -increased O -to O -140 O -% O -of O -control O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -granules O -gave O -a O -positive O -argentaffin O -reaction O -at O -the O -ultrastructural O -level O -, O -suggesting O -a O -possible O -existence O -of O -monoamines B-Chemical -in O -the O -granules O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -membrane O -potential O -on O -dialysis O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -a O -continuous O -- O -flow O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -a O -radial O -diffusion O -assay O -we O -measured O -the O -activity O -of O -six O -NAD O -- O -and O -NADP O -- O -dependent O -oxidoreductases O -: O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -hydroxysteroid O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -, O -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -study O -of O -chronotropic O -and O -inotropic O -responses O -to O -5 O -- O -( O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -2 O -- O -isopropylaminobutyl O -) O -- O -8 O -- O -hydroxycarbostyril O -hydrochloride O -hemihydrade O -( O -procaterol B-Chemical -) O -, O -salbutamol B-Chemical -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -in O -the O -dog O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -Procaterol B-Chemical -and O -salbutamol B-Chemical -were O -partial O -agonists O -compared O -to O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -for O -causing O -chronotropic O -and O -inotropic O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -slopes O -of O -the O -salbutamol B-Chemical -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -were O -flatter O -than O -those O -for O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -; O -the O -slopes O -of O -the O -procaterol B-Chemical -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -were O -flatter O -than O -those O -for O -salbutamol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Procaterol B-Chemical -was O -longer O -acting O -than O -salbutamol B-Chemical -, O -and O -salbutamol B-Chemical -was O -longer O -acting O -than O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dose O -- O -dependent O -increases O -in O -motor O -activity O -were O -produced O -by O -dexamphetamine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -36 O -to O -27 O -. O -3 O -mumol O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Large O -doses O -( O -100 O -mumol O -/ O -kg O -) O -of O -tranylcypromine B-Chemical -stimulated O -motor O -activity O -whereas O -its O -cis O -- O -isomer O -, O -cis O -- O -2 O -- O -phenylcyclopropylamine O -, O -depressed O -motor O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -kinetics O -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -ingestion O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -psychotherapeutic O -drugs O -, O -modification O -of O -drug O -action O -by O -alcohol B-Chemical -is O -much O -more O -important O -than O -kinetic O -interaction O -, O -such O -as O -ethanol B-Chemical -induced O -drug O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -probability O -and O -mechanism O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -kinetic O -interactions O -with O -other O -drugs O -can O -nevertheless O -be O -anticipated O -, O -in O -part O -, O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -extent O -of O -binding O -of O -the O -drug O -to O -plasma O -proteins O -, O -the O -capacity O -of O -the O -liver O -for O -extracting O -the O -drug O -from O -blood O -passing O -through O -the O -liver O -and O -the O -true O -distribution O -space O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -, O -phenytoin B-Chemical -, O -tolbutamide O -and O -warfarin B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -administration O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -to O -laboratory O -animals O -or O -incubation O -of O -microsomal O -preparations O -with O -ethanol B-Chemical -inhibits O -the O -mixed O -function O -oxidase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -administration O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -to O -rats O -and O -humans O -causes O -proliferation O -of O -the O -smooth O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -, O -increase O -in O -microsomal O -protein O -content O -and O -cytochrome O -P450 O -and O -results O -in O -an O -augmentation O -in O -drug O -metabolising O -ability O -of O -the O -microsomes O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -alcohol B-Chemical -effects O -on O -drug O -distribution O -have O -not O -been O -studied O -very O -extensively O -. O - -aps B-category -Systematic O -studies O -of O -the O -mechanism O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -kinetic O -interactions O -are O -needed O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -dose O -of O -atenolol B-Chemical -was O -established O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -morning O -mean O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -( O -mean O -of O -5 O -readings O -) O -in O -27 O -long O -- O -standing O -hypertensive O -patients O -previously O -controlled O -on O -one O -of O -three O -nonselective O -beta O -- O -blockers O -: O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -or O -pindolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -crossover O -trial O -was O -then O -conducted O -of O -atenolol B-Chemical -and O -the O -previous O -nonselective O -beta O -- O -blocker O -, O -each O -drug O -being O -given O -for O -8 O -wk O -in O -randomized O -order O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -dosage O -levels O -of O -atenolol B-Chemical -giving O -a O -mean O -resting O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -equal O -to O -that O -during O -nonselective O -beta O -- O -blockade O -, O -diastolic O -levels O -on O -atenolol B-Chemical -tended O -to O -be O -lower O -at O -rest O -and O -during O -the O -mental O -and O -handgrip O -forms O -of O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -little O -difference O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -insulin O -levels O -during O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -tests O -in O -these O -patients O -, O -half O -of O -whom O -were O -diabetic O -. O - -aps B-category -Dependence O -, O -tolerance O -, O -and O -addiction O -to O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -: O -clinical O -and O -pharmacokinetic O -considerations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -long O -- O -acting O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -: O -a O -retrospective O -appraisal O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -this O -time O -triglyceride B-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -tissue O -was O -also O -increasing O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -soils O -especially O -, O -a O -key O -effect O -of O -H O -+ O -ion O -concentration O -is O -on O -the O -solubility O -of O -potentially O -toxic O -heavy O -metals O -such O -as O -aluminum B-Chemical -, O -managenese O -, O -zinc B-Chemical -, O -iron B-Chemical -, O -copper B-Chemical -, O -and O -nickel O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -is O -again O -ameliorative O -of O -metal O -toxicities O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -example O -of O -this O -is O -the O -cardiomyopathy O -produced O -by O -the O -anthracycline B-Chemical -antineoplastic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -2 O -- O -methoxy O -- O -5 O -- O -nitrotropone O -on O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -human O -erythrocytes O -and O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -modified O -protein O -shows O -increased O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -with O -complete O -abolition O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -K O -- O -glycerate O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -bisphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -erythrocytes O -treated O -with O -2 O -- O -methoxy O -- O -5 O -- O -nitrotropone O -show O -increased O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -and O -some O -decrease O -in O -methemoglobin O -reductase O -efficiency O -but O -no O -change O -in O -resistance O -to O -hemolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -, O -cobalt B-Chemical -hemoglobin O -has O -p0 O -. O -5 O -= O -116 O -toor O -( O -15 O -. O -45 O -kPa O -) O -, O -pm O -= O -117 O -torr O -( O -15 O -. O -58 O -kPa O -) O -and O -a O -Hill O -coefficient O -of O -n O -= O -1 O -. O -72 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acid O -Bohr O -effect O -was O -also O -observed O -with O -the O -majority O -of O -the O -protons O -taken O -up O -following O -the O -first O -and O -third O -oxygen B-Chemical -bound O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -discrepancy O -can O -be O -largely O -attributed O -to O -the O -binding O -of O -salt B-Chemical -components O -to O -cobalt B-Chemical -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -was O -abolished O -by O -incubation O -of O -SRS O -- O -A O -and O -SRS O -with O -arylsulphatase O -or O -pretreatment O -of O -the O -lungs O -with O -indomethacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -calf O -caudate O -: O -solubilization O -by O -digitonin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -our O -study O -was O -to O -determine O -whether O -a O -toxic O -arrhythmogenic O -dose O -of O -digitalis B-Chemical -administered O -to O -an O -in O -vivo O -preparation O -would O -affect O -the O -neuronal O -uptake O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -brain O -tissue O -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -in O -cardiac O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -selective O -effects O -may O -reflect O -greater O -blood O -flow O -to O -these O -regions O -or O -different O -sensitivities O -of O -the O -transport O -mechanisms O -for O -these O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymic O -properties O -and O -effects O -of O -androgen B-Chemical -on O -nuclear O -histone O -phosphatase O -activity O -of O -rat O -ventral O -prostate O -. O - -aps B-category -Added O -to O -a O -striatal O -synaptosomal O -homogenate O -of O -rat O -brain O -, O -CDP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -choline I-Chemical -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -inhibits O -the O -uptake O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -5 O -HT O -) O -in O -a O -competitive O -fashion O -and O -enhances O -the O -uptake O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -; O -administered O -to O -animals O -, O -CDP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -choline I-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -l O -h O -/ O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Results O -of O -a O -study O -on O -the O -effect O -produced O -by O -26 O -psychotropic O -agents O -on O -a O -complex O -set O -of O -behavioral O -changes O -in O -mice O -induced O -by O -introduction O -of O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -are O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -Little O -effective O -were O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -and O -antidepressants B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Covariance O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -activity O -and O -the O -rate O -of O -3H2O O -incorporation O -into O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -ATP O -molecule O -interacts O -, O -it O -also O -undergoes O -complete O -exchange O -of O -the O -gamma O -- O -PO3 O -oxygen B-Chemical -with O -water O -before O -it O -rejoins O -the O -pool O -of O -free O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -Research O -on O -psychoactive O -drugs O -: O -antianxiety O -, O -antidepressant B-Chemical -, O -and O -antipsychotic O -was O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Estrogens B-Chemical -and O -endometrial O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -American O -studies O -have O -shown O -a O -relationship O -between O -therapeutic O -menopausal O -estrogen B-Chemical -treatment O -and O -endometrial O -cancer O -, O -European O -studies O -indicate O -that O -there O -is O -no O -increased O -risk O -if O -certain O -guidelines O -are O -followed O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -the O -arterial O -venous O -oxygen B-Chemical -difference O -increased O -after O -CI O -775 O -only O -according O -to O -the O -decrease O -of O -cardiac O -output O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simplified O -procedure O -for O -the O -purification O -of O -rat O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -this O -purification O -method O -has O -the O -advantage O -that O -hepatic O -tryptophan B-Chemical -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -dioxygenase O -, O -which O -, O -like O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -is O -induced O -by O -glucocorticosteroids O -, O -can O -be O -purified O -from O -the O -same O -homogenate O -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -evaluation O -of O -the O -possible O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -activity O -of O -clomipramine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clomipramine B-Chemical -was O -therefore O -tested O -for O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -to O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -they O -were O -less O -potent O -in O -blocking O -conditioned O -avoidance O -response O -and O -in O -decreasing O -spontaneous O -motor O -activity O -and O -exploratory O -behaviour O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -clomipramine B-Chemical -like O -imipramine B-Chemical -possesses O -negligible O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -hydrochloride O -affected O -the O -hyperphagia O -and O -hypothermia O -characteristic O -of O -the O -genetically O -obese O -mouse O -( O -genotype O -, O -ob O -/ O -ob O -) O -throughout O -an O -experimental O -period O -of O -5 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -dependent O -influence O -of O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotics O -on O -iodohippurate O -accumulation O -in O -rabbit O -renal O -cortical O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -OIH O -accumulation O -was O -clearly O -pH O -- O -dependent O -and O -most O -pronounced O -at O -alkaline O -pH O -- O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -microbiologically O -inert O -N O -- O -acetyl O -gentamicin B-Chemical -had O -no O -influence O -on O -accumulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -high O -concentrations O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -on O -the O -germination O -of O -bacterial O -spores O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -analyte O -is O -extracted O -from O -the O -feed O -into O -chloroform B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -pH O -7 O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -and O -isolated O -by O -adsorption O -chromatography O -on O -alumina O -, O -followed O -by O -partitioning O -between O -hexane O -and O -0 O -. O -15M O -HCl O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitrogen O -source O -regulates O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -mRNA O -levels O -in O -Neurospora O -crassa O -. O - -aps B-category -N O -. O -crassa O -cultures O -grown O -on O -glutamate B-Chemical -as O -the O -sole O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -had O -higher O -mRNA O -activities O -than O -did O -those O -grown O -on O -glutamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -report O -describes O -a O -male O -college O -student O -who O -experienced O -akinesia O -lasting O -almost O -3 O -weeks O -following O -withdrawal O -from O -relatively O -brief O -, O -low O -- O -dose O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Physiological O -role O -and O -membrane O -lipid O -modulation O -of O -the O -membrane O -- O -bound O -( O -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -na O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -triphosphatase O -activity O -in O -Acholeplasma O -laidlawii O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -for O -ATP O -is O -influenced O -by O -temperature O -but O -not O -by O -membrane O -lipid O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -whole O -cells O -of O -A O -. O -laidlawii O -B O -are O -incubated O -in O -KCl O -or O -NaCl B-Chemical -buffers O -, O -they O -rapidly O -swell O -and O -lyse O -if O -deprived O -of O -an O -energy O -source O -or O -treated O -with O -ATPase O -inhibitors O -at O -concentrations O -which O -significantly O -inhibit O -enzyme O -activity O -in O -isolated O -membranes O -, O -whereas O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -or O -MgSO4 O -buffers O -of O -equal O -osmolarity O -, O -the O -cells O -are O -stable O -under O -these O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -research O -methodology O -of O -78 O -double O -- O -blind O -studies O -comparing O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -and O -placebo O -in O -treating O -neurotic O -anxiety O -is O -critically O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -DNase O -- O -2 O -showed O -some O -preference O -for O -purine B-Chemical -nucleotides O -at O -both O -3 O -' O -- O -and O -5 O -' O -- O -termini O -in O -the O -later O -stages O -of O -degradation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Peak O -Ia O -and O -Peak O -II O -enzymes O -both O -absolutely O -require O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -bisphosphate O -and O -Mg2 O -+ O -for O -activity O -, O -and O -appear O -to O -have O -a O -" O -ping O -- O -pong O -" O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentrations O -of O -acidic O -beta O -- O -aspartyl O -dipeptides O -in O -human O -urine O -were O -determined O -using O -an O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analyzer O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -) O -A O -lysosomal O -protease O -, O -a O -new O -cathepsin O -that O -inactivates O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -[ O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -49 O -] O -and O -some O -other O -enzymes O -and O -differs O -from O -cathepsin O -B O -[ O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -22 O -. O -1 O -] O -was O -purified O -about O -2 O -, O -200 O -- O -fold O -from O -crude O -extracts O -of O -rat O -liver O -by O -cell O -- O -fractionation O -, O -freezing O -and O -thawing O -, O -acetone O -treatment O -, O -gel O -filtration O -, O -and O -DEAE O -Sephadex O -and O -CM O -- O -Sephadex O -column O -chromatographies O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -) O -The O -optimum O -pH O -of O -the O -enzyme O -for O -inactivation O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -pH O -5 O -. O -0 O -- O -- O -5 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -) O -The O -rates O -of O -inactivation O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -apo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ornithine I-Chemical -aminotransferase O -[ O -EC O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -13 O -] O -, O -apo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -aminotransferase O -[ O -EC O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -5 O -] O -, O -apo O -- O -cystathionase O -[ O -EC O -4 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -] O -, O -glucokinase O -[ O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -] O -, O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -[ O -EC O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -12 O -] O -, O -and O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -[ O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -37 O -] O -by O -the O -new O -cathepsin O -were O -higher O -than O -those O -by O -cathepsin O -B O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -mechanism O -of O -the O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -found O -to O -be O -specific O -for O -the O -A B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydrogen I-Chemical -of O -NADH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -malate I-Chemical -is O -promoted O -at O -alkaline O -pH O -values O -, O -whereas O -the O -binding O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -malate I-Chemical -and O -hydroxymalonate O -is O -favored O -at O -acidic O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -this O -conclusion O -, O -a O -detailed O -chemical O -mechanism O -for O -the O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -reaction O -has O -been O -postulated O -and O -a O -schematic O -illustration O -of O -the O -transition O -state O -of O -the O -enzyme O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -native O -enzyme O -has O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -approximately O -151 O -, O -000 O -as O -determined O -on O -Sephacryl O -S O -- O -200 O -; O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -results O -in O -two O -protein O -- O -staining O -bands O -with O -approximate O -molecular O -weights O -of O -79 O -, O -400 O -and O -74 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -waveform O -and O -beat O -frequency O -of O -the O -isolated O -apparatus O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -1 O -mM O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphophate O -( O -ATP O -) O -were O -comparable O -to O -those O -recorded O -for O -living O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -reactivation O -occurred O -in O -adenosine B-Chemical -monophosphate O -( O -AMP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -flagellar O -apparatus O -could O -be O -induced O -to O -change O -from O -forward O -to O -reverse O -motion O -in O -vitro O -by O -manipulation O -of O -exogenous O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Motility O -was O -inhibited O -at O -concentrations O -above O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -. O -The O -threshold O -for O -reversal O -of O -motion O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -was O -lowered O -to O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -when O -the O -flagellar O -membranes O -were O -solubilized O -with O -detergent O -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -flagellar O -membranes O -are O -involved O -in O -the O -regulaion O -of O -the O -level O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -within O -the O -axoneme O -. O - -aps B-category -Detection O -of O -human O -intestinal O -bacterial O -overgrowth O -by O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -dead O -animals O -, O -a O -close O -relationship O -was O -observed O -between O -the O -developement O -of O -toxemia O -and O -metabolic O -acidosis O -due O -to O -the O -increase O -in O -lactate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -phosphatase O -, O -hydrolyzing O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -P5P O -) O -, O -a O -physiologically O -active O -component O -of O -the O -vitamin B-Chemical -B6 I-Chemical -complex O -and O -an O -essential O -co O -- O -enzyme O -in O -the O -synthesis O -of O -neurotransmitters O -, O -has O -been O -localized O -cytochemically O -in O -the O -perikarya O -of O -neurons O -in O -the O -peripheral O -, O -autonomic O -and O -central O -nervous O -systems O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -optimal O -pH O -of O -5 O -. O -0 O -, O -neurons O -in O -these O -ganglia O -and O -in O -all O -other O -neurons O -studied O -show O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphatase I-Chemical -( O -P5Pase O -) O -activity O -in O -GERL O -. O - -aps B-category -Multiple O -forms O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -in O -Musca O -domestica O -L O -. O -as O -revealed O -by O -electrophoresis O -on O -cellulose O -acetate O -gel O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -these O -five O -molecular O -forms O -, O -designated O -with O -Roman O -numerals O -in O -order O -from O -the O -origin O -, O -we O -have O -considered O -the O -first O -three O -: O -these O -have O -been O -characterized O -with O -respect O -to O -their O -substrate O -and O -coenzyme O -specificity O -and O -to O -their O -sensitivity O -to O -some O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Bands O -I O -and O -II O -, O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -show O -wide O -substrate O -specificity O -and O -low O -sensitivity O -to O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -inhibitors O -assayed O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dependent O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -G6PD O -) O -, O -belonging O -to O -type O -I O -of O -Kamada O -and O -Hori O -' O -s O -classification O -, O -is O -present O -on O -the O -zymograms O -of O -newly O -emerged O -males O -of O -Musca O -domestica O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -prolonged O -occlusion O -on O -the O -microbial O -flora O -, O -pH O -, O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -and O -transepidermal O -water O -loss O -on O -human O -skin O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -characterizes O -the O -response O -of O -BALB O -/ O -c O -mice O -to O -Type O -III O -pneumococcal O -polysaccharides O -( O -S3 O -) O -administered O -alone O -or O -with O -a O -vaccine O -consisting O -of O -diphtheria O -toxoid O -, O -pertussis B-Chemical -vaccine I-Chemical -, O -and O -tetanus O -toxoid O -( O -DPT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Facilitation O -is O -shown O -to O -decay O -as O -a O -compound O -exponential O -with O -two O -time O -constants O -( O -T1 O -, O -T2 O -) O -at O -both O -giant O -and O -non O -- O -giant O -synapses O -in O -squid O -stellate O -ganglia O -bathed O -in O -solutions O -having O -low O -extracellular O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -( O -[ O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -] O -o O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -not O -inhibited O -by O -Ca2 O -+ O -or O -Mg2 O -+ O -or O -by O -the O -reaction O -products O -, O -ammonia B-Chemical -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -One O -previous O -study O -reported O -that O -psychiatric O -inpatients O -on O -bedtime O -- O -only O -doses O -of O -tricyclic O -or O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -reported O -more O -frequent O -frightening O -dreams O -than O -did O -those O -on O -divided O -daily O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -a O -patient O -on O -bedtime O -doses O -of O -tricyclic O -or O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -has O -undesirable O -frightening O -dreams O -, O -the O -clinician O -should O -consider O -a O -change O -to O -divided O -daily O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Methylmalonyl O -- O -CoA O -mutase O -deficiency O -associated O -with O -severe O -neonatal O -hyperammonemia O -: O -activity O -of O -urea B-Chemical -cycle O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -stable O -isotope O -determination O -by O -atomic O -absorption O -spectroscopy O -and O -its O -application O -to O -pharmacokinetic O -studies O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -total O -lithium B-Chemical -content O -( O -E O -) O -by O -flame O -emission O -spectroscopy O -is O -followed O -by O -separate O -determination O -( O -A6 O -and O -A7 O -) O -of O -atomic O -absorption O -by O -the O -sample O -of O -the O -light O -emitted O -by O -separate O -hollow O -cathode O -lamps O -manufactured O -from O -the O -isotopes O -6Li O -and O -7Li O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -successful O -preparation O -was O -a O -copolymer O -of O -L O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -lactic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -+ O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -lactic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -90 O -and O -10 O -% O -by O -weight O -, O -respectively O -) O -with O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -150 O -000 O -, O -with O -which O -sulphadiazine O -was O -mixed O -at O -33 O -. O -3 O -% O -of O -the O -total O -weight O -, O -in O -a O -formulation O -as O -beads O -of O -1 O -. O -5 O -mm O -diameter O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -spectra O -of O -oxiperomide O -, O -spiroxatrine O -and O -analogues O -were O -determined O -in O -two O -experimental O -models O -of O -abnormal O -peri O -- O -oral O -movements O -( O -induced O -by O -intrastriatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -subcutaneously O -administered O -2 O -- O -( O -NN O -- O -dipropyl O -) O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -, O -6 O -- O -dihydroxy O -- O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -tetrahydronaphthalene O -( O -NN O -- O -diPr O -- O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -diOHATN O -) O -in O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -) O -, O -and O -in O -a O -stereotypy O -test O -( O -induced O -by O -subcutaneous O -apomorphine B-Chemical -in O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -) O -; O -the O -ability O -of O -the O -test O -compounds O -to O -induce O -catalepsy O -or O -catatonia O -in O -the O -rat O -was O -also O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Potentiation O -of O -neostigmine B-Chemical -and O -pyridostigmine O -by O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ED50 O -( O -dose O -of O -drug O -which O -produced O -a O -50 O -% O -antagonism O -) O -of O -neostigmine B-Chemical -, O -pyridostigmine O -and O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -were O -18 O -, O -49 O -and O -440 O -microgram O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -200 O -microgram O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -of O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -, O -which O -produced O -a O -30 O -% O -antagonism O -by O -itself O -, O -decreased O -the O -ED50 O -of O -pyridostigmine O -to O -11 O -microgram O -kg O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -a O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -group O -on O -some O -chemical O -and O -biological O -properties O -of O -n O -- O -pentyl O -ammonium B-Chemical -salts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -group O -lowered O -affinity O -in O -all O -tests O -, O -confirming O -the O -importance O -of O -hydrophobic O -forces O -in O -binding O -to O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -the O -local O -anaesthetic O -, O -benzyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -and O -the O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitor O -, O -clorgyline O -on O -the O -beta O -- O -hydroxybutyrate O -dehydrogenase O -activity O -of O -adult O -and O -weanling O -rat O -brain O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -GABA B-Chemical -involvement O -in O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -possible O -augmentation O -of O -the O -extraneuronal O -adrenaline B-Chemical -uptake O -caused O -by O -inhibition O -of O -the O -neuronal O -component O -. O - -aps B-category -Release O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -material O -by O -depressor O -stimulation O -in O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -Distribution O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -in O -human O -whole O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -oestrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -increase O -in O -uterine O -blood O -flow O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enhancement O -of O -neomycin O -stability O -using O -propylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -metabisulphite O -. O - -aps B-category -Aqueous O -solutions O -of O -polysorbate O -20 O -undergo O -autoxidation O -on O -storage O -, O -with O -the O -peroxide B-Chemical -number O -increasing O -and O -subsequently O -decreasing O -again O -, O -the O -acidity O -increasing O -continuously O -, O -the O -pH O -and O -surface O -tension O -falling O -and O -tending O -to O -level O -off O -, O -and O -the O -cloud O -point O -dropping O -sharply O -until O -turbidity O -begins O -at O -room O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -evidence O -of O -degradation O -is O -detectable O -even O -in O -previously O -unopened O -commercial O -samples O -of O -polysorbates O -20 O -, O -40 O -, O -and O -60 O -, O -warranting O -attention O -to O -the O -stability O -of O -and O -standards O -for O -these O -surfactants O -as O -compared O -with O -the O -solid O -alkyl O -ether B-Chemical -type O -of O -nonionic O -surfactant O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vitro O -interphase O -transport O -from O -an O -aqueous O -buffer O -of O -various O -pH O -values O -to O -the O -octanol O -phase O -was O -also O -studied O -for O -several O -penicillins B-Chemical -by O -the O -use O -of O -a O -two O -- O -phase O -rolling O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -discrepancies O -from O -the O -classical O -pH O -- O -- O -partition O -hypothesis O -can O -be O -interpreted O -by O -the O -permeation O -through O -the O -lipoidal O -barrier O -of O -the O -undissociated O -species O -of O -penicillins B-Chemical -transported O -through O -the O -aqueous O -diffusion O -layer O -adjacent O -to O -the O -lipoidal O -surface O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -involves O -a O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -M O -LiOH O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -M O -LiCl B-Chemical -extraction O -of O -the O -active O -ingredient O -from O -the O -formulation O -, O -filtration O -, O -dilution O -with O -the O -same O -supporting O -electrolyte O -, O -and O -then O -use O -of O -the O -standard O -addition O -technique O -for O -drug O -quantitation O -in O -capsules O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -absorptiometric O -pH O -titrations O -of O -the O -antimalarials O -chloroquine B-Chemical -and O -quinacrine O -, O -employing O -the O -respective O -uncharged O -species O -at O -pH O -12 O -. O -5 O -in O -the O -reference O -cell O -, O -show O -that O -protolytic O -dissociation O -from O -the O -heterocyclic O -ring O -nitrogen B-Chemical -atoms O -occurs O -over O -pH O -6 O -- O -- O -12 O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacokinetics O -and O -bioavailability O -of O -intravenous O -, O -intramuscular O -, O -and O -oral O -lorazepam B-Chemical -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -natural O -abundance O -13C O -- O -NMR O -spectra O -of O -brucine O -and O -strychnine B-Chemical -were O -obtained O -using O -the O -pulse O -Fourier O -transform O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -Loss O -of O -hydrophobic O -amine B-Chemical -from O -solution O -by O -adsorption O -onto O -container O -surfaces O -. O - -aps B-category -Loss O -was O -also O -minimized O -when O -the O -environment O -was O -kept O -acidic O -( O -pH O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -4 O -, O -8 O -) O -, O -the O -drug O -was O -dissolved O -in O -a O -proton O -- O -donating O -solvent O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -chloroform B-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -an O -ion O -- O -pairing O -agent O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -trichloroacetate O -) O -was O -present O -to O -solubilize O -further O -the O -monocationic O -form O -of O -the O -drug O -in O -organic O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -frog O -gustatory O -responses O -to O -various O -salt B-Chemical -stimuli O -and O -distilled O -water O -were O -greatly O -enhanced O -after O -the O -tongue O -was O -treated O -with O -an O -alkaline O -solution O -containing O -salts O -of O -low O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -responses O -to O -salt B-Chemical -stimuli O -and O -distilled O -water O -were O -greatly O -decreased O -after O -the O -tongue O -was O -incubated O -in O -solutions O -of O -pH O -5 O -. O -3 O -containing O -Ca2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -removal O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -from O -the O -gustatory O -receptor O -membrane O -by O -the O -alkali B-Chemical -treatment O -led O -to O -enhancement O -of O -the O -responses O -and O -binding O -of O -extra O -Ca2 O -+ O -to O -the O -membrane O -by O -the O -incubation O -in O -acidic O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -solution O -led O -to O -suppression O -of O -the O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -anionic O -cation O -transport O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -across O -the O -human O -erythrocyte O -membrane O -induced O -by O -divalent O -anions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -these O -' O -carbonate O -type O -' O -anions O -were O -reversible O -and O -fully O -blocked O -by O -SITS O -, O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -and O -other O -inhibitors O -of O -anion O -transfer O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -divalent O -carbonate O -type O -anions O -form O -singly O -charged O -, O -negative O -1 O -: O -1 O -ion O -pairs O -with O -the O -respective O -alkali B-Chemical -metal O -cations O -, O -the O -ion O -pairs O -traversing O -the O -red O -cell O -membrane O -via O -the O -anion O -exchange O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -automated O -mixing O -apparatus O -for O -determining O -haemoglobin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxygen I-Chemical -dissociation O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interactions O -of O -protons O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -on O -cardiac O -Purkinje O -fibres O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adrenergic O -alpha O -- O -agonist O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -appeared O -to O -be O -involved O -neither O -in O -the O -glycoprotein O -secretion O -nor O -in O -the O -direct O -regulation O -of O -the O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -, O -slow O -component O -was O -abolished O -by O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonist O -drugs O -, O -potentiated O -and O -prolonged O -by O -drugs O -which O -inhibit O -the O -neuronal O -uptake O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -absent O -from O -tissues O -taken O -from O -rats O -pre O -- O -treated O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -neurotransmitter O -for O -this O -component O -is O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lysergic O -acid O -diethylamide O -preferentially O -inhibited O -the O -second O -, O -slow O -phase O -of O -contraction O -whereas O -apomorphine B-Chemical -preferentially O -inhibited O -the O -first O -rapid O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inconsistent O -changes O -in O -activity O -prevented O -any O -firm O -conclusions O -being O -made O -about O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -ether B-Chemical -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonistic O -activity O -of O -phenoxypropanolamines O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -the O -pharmacological O -properties O -of O -pyrrolo O -[ O -2 O -, O -1 O -- O -c O -] O -[ O -1 O -, O -4 O -] O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -led O -to O -the O -choice O -of O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -11a O -- O -tetrahydro O -- O -10 O -- O -methyl O -- O -5H O -- O -pyrrolol O -[ O -2 O -, O -1 O -- O -c O -] O -[ O -1 O -, O -4 O -] O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -, O -11 O -) O -10H O -) O -- O -dione O -as O -a O -candidate O -for O -anxiolytic O -evaluation O -in O -a O -limited O -clinical O -trial O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -series O -of O -1 O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -fluorophenyl O -) O -- O -4 O -- O -( O -1 O -- O -piperidinyl O -) O -- O -1 O -- O -butanones O -substituted O -with O -benzimidazole O -, O -benzotriazole O -, O -or O -quinoxaline O -at O -the O -4 O -position O -of O -the O -piperidine O -ring O -was O -synthesized O -and O -subjected O -to O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -particular O -, O -4 O -- O -[ O -4 O -- O -( O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -dihydro O -- O -2 O -- O -thioxo O -- O -1H O -- O -benzimidazol O -- O -1 O -- O -yl O -) O -- O -1 O -- O -piperidinyl O -] O -- O -1 O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -fluorophenyl O -) O -- O -1 O -- O -butanone O -( O -10 O -) O -was O -characterized O -by O -having O -a O -potent O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -activity O -with O -less O -liability O -to O -the O -extrapyramidal O -side O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -' O -- O -[ O -3 O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -Fluorobenzoyl O -) O -propyl O -] O -- O -3 O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -fluorophenyl O -) O -spiro O -[ O -isobenzofuran O -- O -1 O -( O -3H O -) O -, O -4 O -' O -- O -piperidine O -] O -( O -2e O -) O -approached O -the O -per O -os O -potency O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -in O -this O -test O -and O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -active O -in O -inhibiting O -monkey O -avoidance O -also O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -lack O -of O -nonselective O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -blocking O -effects O -makes O -2e O -attrative O -as O -a O -potential O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptics B-Chemical -related O -to O -butaclamol O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -a O -perceived O -topographical O -similarity O -of O -a O -putative O -chlorophenylethylamine O -pharmacophore O -present O -in O -these O -analogues O -and O -in O -VUFB O -- O -10032 O -and O -doclothepin O -, O -agents O -related O -to O -octoclothepin O -which O -do O -not O -induce O -catalepsy O -, O -they O -have O -been O -tested O -for O -" O -noncataleptic O -" O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tropane O -esters O -for O -this O -study O -were O -prepared O -by O -a O -Grignard O -reaction O -which O -gave O -essentially O -complete O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -addition O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -copper B-Chemical -salts O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -exo O -, O -exo O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -Aryltropane O -- O -3 O -- O -carboxylic O -esters O -of O -types O -6 O -, O -7 O -, O -and O -10 O -lower O -circulating O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -levels O -by O -60 O -- O -- O -80 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacology O -of O -some O -metabolites O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -, O -alprazolam B-Chemical -, O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -prepared O -by O -a O -simple O -, O -one O -- O -step O -oxidation O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -may O -be O -used O -to O -convert O -diazepam B-Chemical -to O -temazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -While O -10 O -, O -an O -alpha O -- O -hydroxy O -metabolite O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -, O -retains O -much O -of O -the O -activity O -of O -7 O -, O -10a O -, O -and O -alpha O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydroxy O -metabolite O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -, O -is O -250 O -times O -less O -potent O -than O -7 O -on O -the O -nicotine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -antagonism I-Chemical -assay O -and O -over O -300 O -times O -less O -potent O -on O -the O -traction O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -aspects O -of O -the O -stereoelectronic O -requirements O -of O -substrates O -of O -human O -erythrocytic O -purine B-Chemical -nucleoside B-Chemical -phosphorylase O -( O -E O -. O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -Substituted O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( O -5 O -, O -6 O -, O -7 O -, O -8 O -- O -tetrahydro O -- O -1 O -- O -naphthoxy O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -propanols O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cis O -- O -and O -trans O -- O -diols O -12 O -- O -- O -15 O -were O -found O -to O -retain O -the O -beta O -- O -blocking O -potency O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -but O -to O -lack O -its O -myocardial O -depressant O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -and O -biological O -evaluation O -of O -some O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aryl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepine I-Chemical -analogues O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -reflected O -that O -the O -structural O -modifications O -led O -to O -a O -decrease O -in O -activity O -relative O -to O -clozapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cardioselectivity O -in O -the O -aforementioned O -series O -requires O -that O -the O -aromatic O -substitution O -in O -the O -position O -para O -to O -the O -amino B-Chemical -alcohol B-Chemical -side O -chain O -will O -have O -a O -minimal O -linear O -length O -of O -5 O -. O -0 O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -HCN O -: O -a O -plausible O -source O -of O -purines O -, O -pyrimidines O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -on O -the O -primitive O -earth O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -, O -together O -with O -the O -earlier O -data O -, O -demonstrate O -that O -the O -three O -main O -classes O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -biomolecules O -, O -purines O -, O -pyrimidines O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -may O -have O -originated O -from O -HCN O -on O -the O -primitive O -earth O -. O - -aps B-category -Performed O -with O -a O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -measurement O -, O -this O -now O -reliable O -test O -is O -useful O -for O -primary O -screening O -and O -then O -, O -in O -conjunction O -with O -renal O -vein O -renin O -studies O -or O -an O -aldosterone B-Chemical -profile O -, O -for O -diagnosis O -or O -exclusion O -of O -surgically O -curable O -renovascular O -or O -adrenocortical O -hypertensions O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -pyrogallol O -was O -necessary O -for O -maximal O -recovery O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dystonic O -reactions O -to O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Above O -pH O -5 O -, O -nitrite B-Chemical -was O -correlated O -with O -nitrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -high O -- O -and O -low B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -samples O -were O -also O -analyzed O -for O -macro O -and O -trace O -metal O -ions O -, O -but O -differences O -were O -not O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -grounds O -of O -the O -study O -of O -the O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -content O -, O -activity O -of O -blood O -plasma O -renin O -, O -and O -excretion O -of O -kallikrein O -in O -the O -urine O -in O -different O -types O -of O -loads O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -it O -is O -necessary O -to O -choose O -an O -adequate O -load O -for O -each O -humoral O -system O -; O -when O -analysing O -the O -results O -of O -the O -load O -tests O -one O -must O -take O -into O -account O -the O -initial O -condition O -of O -the O -humoral O -system O -under O -study O -since O -the O -reaction O -of O -the O -system O -to O -the O -load O -depends O -on O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -the O -sympathetico O -- O -adrenal O -and O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aldosterone I-Chemical -systems O -in O -the O -changes O -in O -hemodynamics O -and O -renal O -function O -in O -healthy O -and O -sick O -pregnant O -women O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Direct O -radioligand O -binding O -studies O -have O -been O -used O -to O -probe O -the O -molecular O -mechanisms O -whereby O -agonist O -catecholamines B-Chemical -regulate O -the O -function O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -in O -a O -model O -system O -, O -the O -frog O -erythrocyte O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -concentrations O -of O -monocarboxylic O -short O -- O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -C2 O -- O -- O -C6 O -in O -overweight O -children O -with O -regard O -to O -familial O -character O -of O -obesity O -and O -the O -time O -of O -its O -arising O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -and O -intestinal O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltranspeptidase O -activity O -: O -its O -activation O -by O -chronic O -ethanol B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Analeptic O -and O -antianaleptic O -effects O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -and O -naltrexone O -in O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -Symposium O -papers O -presented O -at O -the O -symposium O -on O -Receptors O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -antagonists O -: O -new O -biochemical O -approaches O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -binding O -and O -their O -effects O -on O -the O -spontaneous O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -evoked I-Chemical -release O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopamine I-Chemical -from O -the O -striatum O -and O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -noradrenaline I-Chemical -from O -the O -cerebral O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -Beta1 O -and O -beta2 O -receptor O -mechanisms O -in O -rat O -jugular O -veins O -: O -differences O -between O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -relaxation O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -agonist O -pretreatment O -alters O -LSD O -' O -s O -electrophysiological O -action O -from O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonists O -to O -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -Indomethacin B-Chemical -stimulation O -of O -lipid O -peroxidation O -and O -chemiluminescense O -in O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Concurrently O -, O -indomethacin B-Chemical -enhances O -the O -lipolysis O -of O -membrane O -phospholipid O -containing O -arachidonic O -acid O -but O -has O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -rate O -of O -O2 O -uptake O -in O -these O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -microsomal O -CL O -generated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -is O -distinct O -from O -the O -previously O -reported O -CL O -in O -that O -the O -time O -required O -for O -maximum O -intensity O -development O -is O -a O -matter O -of O -seconds O -( O -20 O -- O -- O -180 O -) O -rather O -than O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -enhanced O -chemiluminescense O -was O -also O -observed O -when O -indomethacin B-Chemical -was O -added O -to O -a O -lipoxidase O -system O -and O -superoxide B-Chemical -generating O -system O -( O -axanthine O -oxidase O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -CL O -is O -related O -to O -neither O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -free O -radical O -nor O -superoxide B-Chemical -anion O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -on O -the O -oxidative O -desaturation O -of O -linoleic O -acid O -in O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -was O -blocked O -by O -single O -injections O -of O -the O -beta O -blockers O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -) O -or O -dichloroisoproterenol O -30 O -min O -before O -the O -hormone O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -the O -catecholamines B-Chemical -was O -postulated O -to O -be O -mediated O -through O -beta O -receptors O -by O -an O -enhancement O -of O -the O -intracellular O -levels O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -Supristol O -there O -was O -an O -elimination O -rate O -of O -95 O -. O -3 O -% O -, O -and O -with O -co B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trimoxazole I-Chemical -of O -93 O -. O -2 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Fatty O -acid O -synthetase O -and O -acetyl O -CoA O -carboxylase O -mutants O -have O -been O -used O -to O -study O -several O -aspects O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -biosynthesis O -in O -yeast O -: O -the O -contribution O -of O -the O -various O -enzymes O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -biosynthesis O -and O -modification O -to O -the O -overall O -cellular O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -, O -the O -mechanism O -of O -fatty O -acyl O -chain O -elongation O -in O -yeast O -, O -the O -molecular O -structure O -and O -the O -reaction O -mechanism O -of O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -complex O -and O -the O -genetic O -control O -of O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -this O -multi O -- O -enzyme O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Improved O -nutrient O -absorption O -after O -cimetidine B-Chemical -in O -short O -- O -bowel O -syndrome O -with O -gastric O -hypersecretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Slow O -synaptic O -excitation O -mediated O -by O -serotonin B-Chemical -in O -Auerbach O -' O -s O -plexus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -site O -of O -action O -of O -capsaicin B-Chemical -on O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -isolated O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -inward O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -outward O -currents O -were O -studied O -on O -internally O -dialysed O -isolated O -neurons O -of O -the O -snail O -Helix O -pomatia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -channels O -for O -the O -inward O -calcium B-Chemical -current O -inactivate O -slowly O -with O -a O -first O -order O -kinetic O -; O -their O -instantaneous O -current O -- O -voltage O -characteristic O -reveals O -considerable O -Goldman O -- O -type O -rectification O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonists O -on O -neurones O -in O -the O -caudate O -nucleus O -and O -cerebral O -cortex O -of O -cats O -chronically O -treated O -with O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -group O -of O -anxiolytics O -was O -implicated O -in O -40 O -percent O -of O -incidents O -and O -the O -use O -of O -this O -class O -of O -medication O -is O -discussed O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -problem O -of O -self O -- O -poisoning O -. O - -aps B-category -Bupivacaine B-Chemical -paracervical O -block O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -we O -observed O -no O -harmful O -effects O -on O -the O -fetus O -or O -neonate O -from O -the O -superficial O -paracervical O -injection O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -, O -we O -did O -not O -find O -this O -combination O -of O -drug O -and O -technique O -to O -give O -dependable O -, O -effective O -pain O -relief O -in O -labor O -. O - -aps B-category -Nicotine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -14 O -- O -- O -0 O -. O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -injected O -intravenously O -or O -intraarterially O -into O -conscious O -pregnant O -ewes O -, O -caused O -a O -decrease O -in O -fetal O -PaO2 O -within O -5 O -minutes O -, O -persisting O -for O -up O -to O -30 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -Nicotine B-Chemical -crossed O -the O -placenta O -; O -fetal O -concentrations O -equaled O -those O -in O -the O -ewe O -5 O -minutes O -after O -the O -injection O -and O -remained O -at O -or O -above O -maternal O -levels O -for O -1 O -hour O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -that O -the O -maternal O -injection O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -results O -in O -a O -fall O -of O -uterine O -blood O -flow O -by O -a O -sympathomimetic O -action O -, O -leading O -to O -transient O -fetal O -hypoxemia O -and O -a O -reduction O -of O -fetal O -breathing O -movements O -and O -that O -a O -similar O -phenomenon O -may O -occur O -when O -a O -pregnant O -woman O -smokes O -cigarettes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -suppression O -of O -renal O -gluconeogenesis O -by O -alpha O -- O -ketoacids O -can O -not O -be O -explained O -by O -a O -direct O -inhibition O -of O -gluconeogenic O -reactions O -, O -by O -inhibition O -of O -cellular O -respiration O -, O -or O -by O -interference O -with O -the O -stimulatory O -action O -of O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -, O -cAMP B-Chemical -, O -and O -L O -- O -lysine O -on O -renal O -gluconeogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspirin B-Chemical -and O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -( O -s O -) O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -damage O -of O -the O -gastric O -mucosa O -is O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -studies O -suggest O -that O -this O -permits O -increased O -diffusion O -of O -luminal B-Chemical -acid O -into O -the O -tissue O -, O -which O -leads O -to O -major O -permeability O -changes O -of O -the O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -which O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -occur O -in O -vivo O -as O -a O -result O -of O -mucosal O -damage O -, O -does O -not O -appear O -to O -intensify O -existing O -mucosal O -injury O -in O -an O -isolated O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -newborn O -mouse O -as O -a O -model O -for O -study O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -hormonal O -steroids B-Chemical -in O -the O -young O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -chronic O -PTX O -rats O -changing O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -or O -both O -luminal B-Chemical -and O -peritubular O -pH O -by O -varying O -the O -HCO O -- O -3 O -- O -concentration O -between O -4 O -and O -50 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -at O -constant O -5 O -% O -CO2 O -had O -no O -influence O -on O -Pi O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -reduced O -, O -however O -, O -the O -Pi O -transport O -, O -when O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -perfusate O -had O -only O -4 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -lowered O -, O -however O -, O -the O -Pi O -transport O -significantly O -when O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -perfusate O -had O -2k O -mmol O -/ O -l O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -4 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -luminal B-Chemical -HCO O -- O -3 O -, O -raising O -the O -pCO2 O -to O -228 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -depressed O -Pi O -transport O -even O -more O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -indicate O -that O -luminal B-Chemical -acidosis O -and O -intracellular O -alkalosis O -inhibits O -the O -transtubular O -Pi O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Interaction O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -with O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -: O -biochemical O -study O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -homopyrimidine O -and O -mixed O -purine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyrimidine O -types O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -pH O -, O -viscosity O -, O -and O -different O -concentrations O -of O -SDS O -( O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulphate O -) O -or O -NaCl B-Chemical -on O -the O -optical O -and O -fluorescent O -properties O -and O -the O -changes O -in O -thermal O -transition O -of O -both O -dye O -complexes O -with O -DNA O -confirm O -the O -affinity O -of O -the O -dyes O -to O -the O -double O -helix O -as O -well O -as O -their O -stabilizing O -influence O -on O -the O -secondary O -DNA O -structure O -. O - -aps B-category -NOE O -and O -T1 O -experiments O -reveal O -that O -the O -phosphorus B-Chemical -relaxation O -in O -this O -organelle O -is O -largely O -dipolar O -in O -origin O -. O - -aps B-category -terminal O -3 O -' O -or O -5 O -' O -phosphate B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Circular O -dichroism O -, O -laser O -Raman O -spectroscopy O -of O -nu O -1 O -, O -and O -the O -fluorescence O -of O -nu O -1 O -labeled O -with O -N O -- O -( O -3 O -- O -pyrene O -) O -maleimide O -on O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -of O -H3 O -histone O -were O -employed O -to O -detect O -conformational O -transitions O -in O -nu O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Thyroid O -hormones O -, O -androgens B-Chemical -, O -and O -oestrogens B-Chemical -have O -important O -stimulating O -actions O -on O -skeletal O -growth O -and O -maturation O -. O - -aps B-category -RNase O -effect O -was O -inhibited O -by O -zinc B-Chemical -, O -copper B-Chemical -, O -iron B-Chemical -and O -cobalt B-Chemical -cations O -and O -activated O -by O -beta O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -, O -citrate B-Chemical -and O -EDTA O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -composition O -of O -the O -fermented O -medium O -on O -the O -synthesis O -of O -volatile O -acids O -by O -the O -yeast O -Saccharomyces O -carlsbergensis O -776 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -composition O -and O -concentration O -of O -carbohydrates O -affected O -the O -build O -- O -up O -of O -volatile O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -during O -fermentation O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -certain O -correlation O -between O -the O -biomass O -synthesis O -and O -accumulation O -of O -volatile O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -Energy O -- O -conserving O -site O -3 O -was O -isolated O -for O -study O -with O -ferrocyanide O -or O -ascorbate O -plus O -tetramethylphenylenediamine O -as O -electron O -donors O -to O -cytochrome O -c O -and O -with O -oxygen B-Chemical -as O -electron O -acceptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -that O -the O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -cycle O -functions O -in O -vivo O -using O -intracellular O -glutathione B-Chemical -: O -effects O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -selective O -inhibition O -of O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -, O -which O -show O -that O -the O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -cycle O -functions O -in O -vivo O -, O -support O -the O -conclusion O -that O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -formed O -by O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -from O -externally O -supplied O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -intracellular O -glutathione B-Chemical -are O -translocated O -into O -the O -cell O -and O -thus O -indicate O -that O -there O -is O -a O -significant O -physiological O -connection O -between O -the O -metabolism O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -and O -the O -transport O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dehydration O -of O -2 O -- O -hydroxy O -( O -ethoxy O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -aryl O -- O -N O -. O -N O -- O -penta O -( O -tetra O -) O -methylenemorpholinium O -bromide B-Chemical -was O -achieved O -either O -by O -heating O -( O -175 O -degrees O -C O -) O -the O -compound O -with O -catalytic O -amounts O -of O -hydrobromic O -acid O -, O -or O -by O -refluxing O -the O -compound O -in O -a O -glacial O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydrogen I-Chemical -bromide B-Chemical -mixture O -or O -by O -treating O -it O -with O -phosphorus B-Chemical -tribromide O -at O -room O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -the O -latter O -conditions O -, O -N O -- O -methyl O -- O -N O -- O -phenacylpiperidinium O -bromide B-Chemical -gave O -similarly O -N O -- O -methylpiperidine O -hydrobromide O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -paper O -a O -special O -case O -of O -overcoming O -the O -cofactor O -regeneration O -in O -P O -- O -450 O -catalyzed O -substrate O -hydroxylation O -is O -demonstrated O -: O -The O -peroxide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -reaction O -gives O -the O -same O -products O -as O -obtained O -under O -physiological O -conditions O -; O -that O -is O -why O -in O -an O -electro O -- O -enzyme O -- O -reactor O -producing O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -by O -cathodic O -oxygen B-Chemical -reduction O -a O -considerable O -simplification O -of O -the O -multi O -- O -enzyme O -complex O -is O -possible O -by O -omitting O -electron O -transfer O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydrochloric I-Chemical -acid O -mixture O -as O -the O -supporting O -electrolyte O -( O -pH O -= O -3 O -. O -25 O -) O -, O -antazoline O -hydrochloride O -was O -electrochemically O -reduced O -at O -the O -dropping O -mercury O -electrode O -, O -with O -the O -production O -of O -two O -waves O -with O -E1 O -/ O -2 O -values O -of O -- O -- O -1 O -. O -35 O -and O -- O -- O -1 O -. O -65 O -V O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -model O -is O -presented O -of O -the O -pH O -- O -dependence O -of O -the O -number O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -binding O -sites O -established O -by O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -quadrupole O -- O -relaxation O -studies O -on O -various O -mutant O -and O -chemically O -modified O -hemoglobins O -. O - -aps B-category -Stability O -of O -horse O -muscle O -acylphosphatase O -to O -heat O -and O -to O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -spectral O -changes O -at O -230 O -nm O -are O -related O -to O -urea B-Chemical -inactivation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -, O -and O -that O -the O -enzymatic O -activity O -can O -be O -instantly O -and O -almost O -completely O -restored O -by O -dilution O -of O -the O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -neurochemical O -correlates O -of O -" O -rebound O -" O -phenomenon O -observed O -during O -withdrawal O -after O -long O -- O -term O -exposure O -to O -1 O -, O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepines I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -rat O -, O -lysergic O -acid O -diethylamide O -( O -LSD O -) O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -and O -2 O -- O -bromo O -lysergic O -acid O -diethylamide O -( O -BOL O -) O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -increased O -the O -rate O -of O -the O -striatal O -in O -vivo O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylation O -as O -measured O -by O -the O -DOPA O -accumulation O -after O -decarboxylase O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -in O -the O -striatum O -LSD O -and O -BOL O -block O -autoreceptorss O -( O -presynaptic O -receptors O -) O -regulating O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylation O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -as O -a O -discriminative O -cue O -in O -rats O -: O -interactions O -with O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -and O -other O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -animals O -reliably O -differentiated O -the O -imposed O -training O -conditions O -( O -cocaine B-Chemical -vs O -. O -no O -drug O -) O -, O -test O -sessions O -were O -interspersed O -in O -between O -the O -regular O -training O -sessions O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -( O -pimozide O -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -and O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -) O -, O -but O -not O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -para I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -, O -or O -physostigmine B-Chemical -, O -attenuated O -the O -cocaine B-Chemical -discrimination O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -percutaneous O -nephrostomy O -and O -urinary O -alkalinization O -in O -the O -dissolution O -of O -obstructing O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -stones O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -were O -treated O -with O -percutaneous O -nephrostomy O -for O -urinary O -diversion O -and O -urinary O -alkalinization O -by O -local O -irrigation O -and O -oral O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -therapy O -with O -complete O -dissolution O -of O -the O -stone O -after O -16 O -and O -21 O -days O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -dependent O -irreversible O -binding O -of O -6 O -- O -thiopurine O -to O -rat O -liver O -microsomal O -protein O -in O -vitro O -and O -protection O -by O -glutathione B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -intraperitoneal O -injections O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -and O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -( O -ritalin O -) O -at O -relatively O -low O -and O -high O -doses O -, O -the O -anti O -- O -psychotic O -drugs O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -combinations O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -with O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -and O -amphetamine B-Chemical -on O -the O -urinary O -excretion O -levels O -of O -unconjugated O -meta O -and O -para O -tyramine O -in O -the O -rat O -have O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -meta O -Tyramine O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -by O -a O -low O -dose O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -and O -a O -high O -dose O -of O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -but O -significantly O -increased O -by O -a O -high O -dose O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -intravenous O -injections O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -in O -sheep O -on O -the O -cardiovascular O -and O -respiratory O -systems O -are O -compared O -with O -the O -effects O -of O -intracerebroventricular O -injections O -of O -the O -same O -drug O -and O -also O -with O -the O -effects O -of O -intravenous O -barbiturate B-Chemical -and O -steriod O -anaesthetics O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -gave O -a O -brief O -period O -of O -respiratory O -depression O -which O -was O -mirrored O -in O -the O -PaO2 O -and O -PaCO2 O -levels O -followed O -by O -a O -period O -of O -respiratory O -stimulation O -with O -elevated O -PaO2 O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -blood O -gas O -tensions O -following O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -anaesthetic O -soon O -returned O -to O -normal O -while O -the O -tensions O -following O -ketamine B-Chemical -indicated O -an O -elevated O -PaO2 O -after O -the O -initial O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -Structural O -studies O -on O -calcium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -formation O -and O -uptake O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -in O -surface O -enamel O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -exposure O -for O -2 O -h O -the O -enamel O -surface O -was O -covered O -by O -a O -fine O -- O -granular O -layer O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -deeply O -located O -, O -caries O -- O -like O -porous O -zone O -may O -have O -provided O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -for O -saturation O -of O -the O -liquid O -. O - -aps B-category -Gastric O -acid O -secretion O -stimulated O -by O -a O -normally O -eaten O -beefsteak O -meal O -was O -measured O -for O -4 O -h O -in O -16 O -patients O -with O -duodenal O -ulcer O -disease O -( O -DU O -) O -, O -in O -9 O -patients O -with O -gastric O -ulcer O -disease O -( O -GU O -) O -, O -and O -in O -14 O -controls O -by O -intragastric O -titration O -with O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -to O -a O -constant O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -tiapride B-Chemical -on O -headaches O -has O -been O -studied O -in O -several O -neurological O -departments O -, O -both O -in O -hospitalized O -and O -ambulatory O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -cases O -of O -recurrent O -psychotic O -depression O -are O -reported O -in O -which O -ECT O -( O -electroconvulsive O -therapy O -) O -was O -administered O -with O -good O -results O -for O -previous O -episodes O -of O -depression O -, O -but O -treatment O -of O -the O -current O -episode O -with O -combined O -drug O -therapy O -( O -antidepressant B-Chemical -and O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -) O -in O -one O -case O -and O -antidepressant B-Chemical -chemotherapy O -in O -the O -other O -resulted O -in O -failure O -to O -improve O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversible O -inhibition O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -absorption O -in O -the O -rat O -colon O -by O -low O -pH O -: O -a O -mechanism O -for O -diarrhea O -. O - -aps B-category -Heparin B-Chemical -' O -s O -endogenous O -function O -, O -primarily O -anticellular O -- O -destructive O -, O -incidentally O -anticoagulant O -, O -is O -dose O -- O -, O -source O -- O -, O -and O -pH O -- O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -New O -substrates O -for O -the O -radioassay O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -converting O -enzyme O -of O -endothelial O -cells O -in O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -Substrate O -III O -can O -also O -be O -used O -to O -measure O -angiotensin B-Chemical -converting O -enzyme O -of O -cells O -but O -requires O -longer O -incubations O -( O -180 O -- O -- O -240 O -min O -) O -and O -high O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -( O -0 O -. O -75 O -M O -Na2SO4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Aqueous O -humour O -changes O -after O -alkali B-Chemical -burns O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -ECG O -, O -free O -calcium B-Chemical -( O -CaF O -) O -, O -and O -other O -biochemical O -parameters O -were O -measured O -during O -reinfusion O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -anticoagulated O -blood O -in O -12 O -subjects O -undergoing O -plateletpheresis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -subjects O -without O -symptoms O -the O -changes O -in O -Q O -- O -oTc O -, O -Pi O -, O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -through O -the O -plateletpheresis O -procedure O -were O -different O -from O -changes O -in O -all O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -monitoring O -of O -the O -ECG O -cannot O -substitute O -for O -direct O -measurement O -of O -free O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -citrate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hypocalcemia O -, O -that O -the O -physical O -symptoms O -associated O -with O -similar O -levels O -of O -hypocalcemia O -are O -variable O -, O -that O -glucose B-Chemical -level O -may O -be O -a O -marker O -for O -the O -effects O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hypocalcemia O -, O -and O -that O -lowered O -citrate B-Chemical -loads O -during O -plateletpheresis O -appear O -warranted O -. O - -aps B-category -Taking O -into O -consideration O -the O -data O -of O -previous O -researches O -testifying O -to O -the O -fact O -taht O -under O -the O -papaverine B-Chemical -influence O -there O -occurs O -H O -+ O -accumulation O -in O -cells O -due O -to O -metabolism O -intensification O -, O -it O -may O -be O -suppose O -that O -an O -intensified O -release O -of O -H O -+ O -from O -the O -mitochondria O -plays O -a O -definite O -role O -in O -vasodilation O -of O -the O -brain O -by O -stimulation O -of O -the O -vessels O -H O -+ O -- O -sensitive O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -acute O -oxygen B-Chemical -deficiency O -on O -the O -rat O -brain O -peptide O -- O -hydrolases O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -) O -activity O -was O -studied O -under O -conditions O -of O -acute O -hypoxic O -hypoxia O -( O -the O -pressure O -in O -altitude O -chamber O -240 O -mm O -Hg O -) O -with O -concomitant O -hypothermia O -( O -- O -- O -5 O -. O -8 O -degree O -C O -) O -and O -without O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increase O -in O -the O -amount O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -in O -the O -brain O -under O -conditions O -of O -15 O -- O -minute O -hypoxia O -and O -its O -decrease O -with O -prolongation O -of O -the O -hypoxia O -period O -up O -to O -1 O -h O -may O -be O -explained O -by O -different O -mechanisms O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -metabolic O -transformations O -under O -these O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increase O -in O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -content O -in O -the O -brain O -the O -30 O -- O -and O -60 O -- O -minute O -hypoxic O -effect O -is O -accompanied O -by O -a O -rise O -of O -the O -activity O -in O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -enzyme O -( O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolites O -of O -procaterol B-Chemical -HCl O -in O -urine O -and O -faeces O -of O -dog O -and O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Trimethylsilylated O -derivatives O -of O -procaterol B-Chemical -metabolites O -were O -identified O -by O -mass O -fragmentography O -as O -procaterol B-Chemical -glucuronide O -, O -5 O -- O -( O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxybutyl I-Chemical -) O -- O -8 O -- O -hydroxycarbostyril O -( O -desisopropylprocaterol O -) O -, O -5 O -- O -formyl O -- O -8 O -- O -hydroxycarbostyril O -, O -8 O -- O -hydroxycarbostyril O -and O -unchanged O -procaterol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Development O -during O -ontogenesis O -of O -the O -hormone O -reactivity O -of O -metabolic O -enzyme O -systems O -and O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -function O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -milk O -- O -clotting O -activity O -was O -greatly O -enhanced O -by O -manganous O -ions O -and O -by O -increasing O -concentrations O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -inhibition O -was O -also O -noted O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -at O -concentrations O -of O -3 O -% O -or O -more O -. O - -aps B-category -Histidine O -ammonia B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lyase I-Chemical -( O -EC O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -) O -activity O -in O -the O -cell O -- O -free O -extracts O -of O -Hartmannella O -culbertsoni O -has O -been O -partially O -purified O -and O -the O -optimum O -activity O -is O -found O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -0 O -- O -- O -9 O -. O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -for O -the O -prevention O -of O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -induced O -damage O -of O -gastric O -mucosa O -potent O -antacids O -are O -superior O -to O -potent O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -binding O -agents O -loosing O -the O -binding O -properties O -at O -low O -pH O -- O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Pancreatic O -exocrine O -secretion O -has O -been O -studied O -in O -10 O -patients O -with O -documented O -duodenal O -ulcer O -before O -and O -after O -4 O -weeks O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -treatment O -( O -1 O -g O -/ O -die O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -acute O -hypercapnia O -and O -hypocapnia O -on O -plasma O -and O -red O -cell O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -blood O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -base O -excess O -in O -man O -during O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -hypercapnia O -, O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -rose O -, O -deltaK O -/ O -deltapH O -amounting O -to O -- O -0 O -. O -82 O -, O -- O -1 O -. O -05 O -and O -- O -1 O -. O -34 O -after O -30 O -, O -60 O -and O -90 O -min O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Red O -cell O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -decreased O -in O -all O -three O -groups O -to O -a O -similar O -extent O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -on O -the O -endocrine O -- O -metabolic O -response O -to O -open O -- O -heart O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -in O -a O -total O -dose O -of O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -was O -administered O -before O -skin O -incision O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -endocrine O -- O -metabolic O -response O -to O -surgery O -, O -as O -expressed O -by O -changes O -in O -plasma O -ACTH B-Chemical -, O -cortisol B-Chemical -, O -insulin O -, O -growth O -hormone O -, O -cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' O -, O -- O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cyclic O -AMP O -) O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -blood O -b O -- O -hydroxybutyrate O -and O -cumulative O -nitrogen B-Chemical -balance O -was O -measured O -before O -and O -during O -anaesthesia O -and O -surgery O -, O -and O -on O -the O -first O -five O -post O -- O -operative O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -after O -initiation O -of O -extracorporal O -circulation O -only O -ACTH B-Chemical -, O -cortisol B-Chemical -, O -and O -, O -to O -a O -lesser O -degree O -, O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -insulin O -response O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -were O -lowered O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -large O -doses O -administered O -before O -skin O -incision O -inhibits O -the O -initial O -endocrine O -- O -metabolic O -response O -to O -open O -- O -heart O -surgery O -, O -but O -that O -the O -effect O -is O -short O -- O -lasting O -and O -without O -effect O -on O -overall O -postoperative O -protein O -catabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequent O -perfusion O -with O -0 O -. O -15 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -( O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -) O -did O -not O -significantly O -increase O -the O -release O -of O -gastrin O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -other O -alkaline O -solutions O -such O -as O -0 O -. O -15 O -M O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -( O -pH O -8 O -) O -, O -0 O -. O -15 O -M O -Tris O -buffer O -( O -pH O -) O -or O -0 O -. O -01 O -and O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -NaOH B-Chemical -( O -pH O -12 O -and O -13 O -) O -promoted O -the O -release O -of O -gastrin O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -fraction O -is O -distinguishable O -from O -the O -other O -by O -its O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoretic O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -Protein O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -content O -of O -meat O -products O -were O -improved O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -the O -texturized O -protein O -of O -cottonseed O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -pH O -significantly O -stabilizes O -liquid O -fibroblast O -interferon B-Chemical -at O -68 O -degrees O -C O -and O -37 O -degrees O -C O -whereas O -chaotropic O -salts O -stabilize O -at O -68 O -degrees O -C O -but O -not O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -; O -this O -anomalous O -result O -may O -be O -due O -to O -reactivation O -of O -biological O -activity O -at O -the O -higher O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -Solutions O -of O -partially O -purified O -fibroblast O -interferon B-Chemical -can O -be O -inactivated O -by O -mechanical O -stress O -; O -the O -addition O -of O -proteins O -or O -nonionic O -detergents O -prevents O -such O -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -toxic O -activity O -could O -be O -related O -to O -the O -following O -parameters O -: O -a O -) O -formation O -of O -phenazinium O -free O -radical O -, O -b O -) O -generation O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -anion O -in O -intact O -cells O -incubated O -with O -PMS O -, O -and O -c O -) O -PMS O -also O -increased O -significantly O -the O -rate O -of O -O2 O -- O -generation O -in O -epimastigotes O -mitochondrial O -and O -microsomal O -fractions O -using O -NADH O -as O -electron O -donor O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -Leishmania O -tarentolae O -promastigotes O -in O -0 O -. O -01 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -ethidium O -bromide B-Chemical -in O -Neo O -Ye O -medium O -for O -96 O -h O -resulted O -in O -60 O -% O -inhibition O -of O -cell O -growth O -and O -91 O -% O -dyskinetoplasty O -. O - -aps B-category -Excretion O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -during O -diuresis O -in O -the O -adult O -female O -Glossina O -morsitans O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -radioactivity O -in O -the O -urine O -was O -quite O -high O -after O -labelled O -arginine O -( O -17 O -. O -4 O -% O -of O -injected O -activity O -) O -and O -histidine O -( O -21 O -. O -8 O -% O -) O -administration O -, O -most O -of O -the O -activity O -being O -in O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -Free O -plasma O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -profiles O -of O -normal O -and O -Trypanosoma O -brucei O -- O -infected O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -a O -synthetic O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -analog O -- O -- O -16 O -, O -16 O -- O -dimethyl O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -( O -16 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diMe I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -PGE2 I-Chemical -) O -- O -- O -on O -parotid O -secretion O -were O -evaluated O -in O -eight O -dogs O -under O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Nonsteroid O -inhibitors O -of O -endogenous O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthesis O -did O -not O -alter O -these O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Cefoxitin O -sodium B-Chemical -compatibility O -with O -intravenous O -infusions O -and O -additives O -. O - -aps B-category -Cefoxitin O -sodium B-Chemical -' O -s O -stability O -in O -various O -solutions O -was O -measured O -by O -ultraviolet O -spectrophotometry O -, O -iodometry O -, O -thin O -- O -layer O -chromatography O -, O -high O -- O -pressure O -liquid O -chromatography O -, O -ion O -- O -exchange O -chromatography O -and O -microbiological O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -infusion O -fluids O -was O -independent O -of O -the O -concentrations O -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -to O -400 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -) O -and O -containers O -used O -, O -and O -was O -retained O -after O -30 O -weeks O -storage O -at O -- O -20 O -C O -. O -Similar O -stability O -patterns O -were O -demonstrated O -for O -cefoxitin O -sodium B-Chemical -in O -protein O -hydrolysate O -solutions O -and O -multivitamin O -formulations O -. O - -aps B-category -Cefoxitin O -sodium B-Chemical -( O -397 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -) O -in O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -lidocaine B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -was O -stable O -after O -26 O -weeks O -of O -storage O -at O -- O -20 O -C O -. O -Sodium B-Chemical -cefoxitin O -is O -compatible O -with O -a O -wide O -variety O -of O -commonly O -used O -infusion O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -at O -high O -pressure O -( O -OHP O -) O -on O -resting O -membrane O -properties O -( O -effective O -membrane O -resistance O -( O -Reff O -) O -and O -membrane O -potential O -( O -Vm O -) O -) O -and O -the O -spontaneous O -release O -of O -excitatory O -transmitter O -were O -examined O -at O -the O -lobster O -neuromuscular O -junction O -. O - -aps B-category -Spontaneous O -release O -of O -excitatory O -transmitter O -was O -shown O -to O -increase O -dramatically O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -100 O -% O -oxygen B-Chemical -at O -150 O -psig O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -both O -glutamate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -synaptic O -transmission O -are O -altered O -by O -OHP O -. O - -aps B-category -Membrane O -surface O -elasticity O -is O -not O -affected O -by O -variations O -in O -external O -[ O -Ca2 O -+ O -] O -over O -the O -range O -of O -0 O -- O -- O -50 O -mM O -, O -tonicity O -of O -the O -suspension O -medium O -from O -275 O -- O -- O -400 O -mosM O -, O -or O -age O -of O -0 O -- O -- O -50 O -h O -. O -Addition O -of O -50 O -mM O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -to O -the O -medium O -increases O -the O -rate O -of O -change O -of O -mu O -at O -a O -given O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -of O -36Cl O -- O -was O -inhibited O -by O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dinitrophenol O -, O -increased O -by O -ouabain B-Chemical -, O -and O -not O -affected O -by O -omission O -of O -K O -+ O -, O -Na O -+ O -, O -or O -Ca2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Efflux O -of O -36Cl O -- O -from O -prelabeled O -islets O -approached O -first O -- O -order O -kinetics O -with O -a O -half O -- O -life O -of O -about O -5 O -min O -, O -was O -inhibited O -by O -4 O -- O -acetamido O -- O -4 O -' O -- O -isothiocyanato O -- O -stilbene O -- O -2 O -, O -2 O -' O -- O -disulfonic O -acid O -or O -low O -temperature O -, O -was O -stimulated O -by O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -, O -D O -- O -mannose O -, O -or O -hydronium O -ion O -, O -and O -was O -unaffected O -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -or O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -O I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -; O -D O -- O -manno O -- O -heptulose O -abolished O -the O -effect O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Glucose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -depolarization O -of O -beta O -- O -cells O -may O -partly O -be O -mediated O -by O -an O -increase O -of O -the O -Cl O -- O -permeability O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -evidence O -for O -the O -presence O -of O -nucleotide B-Chemical -cyclases O -in O -the O -cytosol O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenylate O -cyclase O -was O -not O -influenced O -by O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -but O -was O -markedly O -stimulated O -by O -NaF O -and O -vasoactive O -intestinal O -peptide O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -test O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -permeability O -of O -weak O -acids O -across O -the O -intestinal O -mucosa O -affects O -their O -ability O -to O -stimulate O -pancreatic O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -output O -, O -we O -compared O -pancreatic O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -secretion O -in O -response O -to O -intestinal O -perfusion O -with O -an O -acid O -presumed O -to O -be O -permeable O -to O -cell O -membranes O -, O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -90 O -daltons O -) O -, O -and O -an O -acid O -presumed O -to O -be O -impermeable O -, O -acidified O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -( O -about O -70 O -, O -000 O -daltons O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -both O -pH O -2 O -. O -00 O -and O -3 O -. O -50 O -and O -at O -all O -titratable O -acid O -loads O -, O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -secretory O -responses O -to O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -acidified O -albumin O -were O -not O -significantly O -different O -. O - -aps B-category -Importance O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -for O -acute O -inhibition O -of O -renin O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -controls O -and O -animals O -infused O -with O -other O -sodium B-Chemical -salts O -, O -PRA O -decreased O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -after O -infusion O -with O -NaCl B-Chemical -[ O -from O -28 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -8 O -to O -13 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -8 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -per O -h O -( O -SE O -) O -] O -and O -NaBr O -( O -from O -40 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -. O -2 O -to O -21 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -9 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -per O -h O -) O -, O -and O -renal O -tubular O -halide O -reabsorption O -increased O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -PRA O -was O -also O -suppressed O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -by O -infusion O -with O -lysine O -monohydrochloride O -( O -from O -51 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -. O -4 O -to O -32 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -. O -1 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -per O -h O -) O -but O -not O -with O -lysine O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -During O -infusion O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -salts O -which O -suppressed O -renin O -, O -negative O -free O -water O -clearance O -( O -TcH2O O -) O -increased O -, O -whereas O -infusion O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -salts O -that O -did O -not O -inhibit O -renin O -resulted O -in O -either O -no O -change O -or O -decreased O -TcH2O O -. O - -aps B-category -Over O -200 O -measurements O -of O -the O -minimum O -damped O -sinusoidal O -current O -and O -energy O -for O -transchest O -electrical O -ventricular O -defibrillation O -( O -ventricular O -defibrillation O -threshold O -) O -were O -made O -to O -determine O -the O -stability O -and O -precision O -of O -threshold O -data O -in O -15 O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anesthetized I-Chemical -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Multiple O -linear O -logistic O -regression O -analysis O -revealed O -a O -higher O -incidence O -of O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -among O -elderly O -patients O -, O -those O -with O -longer O -records O -of O -hospitalization O -, O -those O -for O -whom O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -medication O -had O -little O -therapeutic O -effect O -, O -and O -those O -treated O -with O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -on O -gastric O -mucosal O -injury O -induced O -by O -topical O -sodium B-Chemical -taurocholate O -and O -hemorrhagic O -shock O -was O -assessed O -in O -a O -canine O -ex O -vivo O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degree O -of O -mucosal O -injury O -was O -significantly O -less O -in O -the O -test O -dogs O -that O -received O -intravenous O -infusions O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protection O -effect O -of O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -is O -probably O -secondary O -to O -an O -enhancement O -of O -mucosal O -tolerance O -to O -H O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -demonstrate O -that O -the O -immunoreactive O -VIP O -level O -increases O -as O -a O -result O -of O -choline B-Chemical -esterase O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -barrier O -was O -damaged O -by O -infected O -bile O -, O -aspirin B-Chemical -( O -pH O -2 O -. O -3 O -) O -, O -hydrochloric O -acid O -( O -pH O -2 O -. O -3 O -) O -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -( O -5 O -to O -10 O -per O -cent O -) O -, O -and O -secondary O -bile O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -He O -shows O -how O -UV O -- O -radiation O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -malignomas O -of O -the O -skin O -in O -the O -hereditary O -disease O -xeroderma O -pigmentosum O -and O -how O -ionising O -rays O -may O -cause O -changes O -of O -the O -DNA O -, O -the O -place O -of O -the O -genetic O -information O -. O - -aps B-category -Reaction O -of O -o O -- O -phthalaldehyde O -and O -thiols B-Chemical -with O -primary O -amines B-Chemical -: O -fluorescence O -properties O -of O -1 O -- O -alkyl O -( O -and O -aryl O -) O -thio O -- O -2 O -- O -alkylisoindoles O -. O - -aps B-category -SM O -220 O -, O -a O -new O -beta O -- O -receptor O -agonist O -, O -was O -compared O -with O -terbutaline B-Chemical -by O -construction O -of O -dose O -response O -curves O -for O -FEV1 O -, O -heart O -rate O -and O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -serum O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -hematocrit O -, O -plasma O -volume O -, O -and O -blood O -volume O -were O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -HR O -756 O -, O -the O -syn O -isomer O -of O -a O -new O -methoxyimino O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -with O -unusual O -antibacterial O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -range O -of O -inhibitory O -concentrations O -of O -HR O -756 O -against O -gram O -- O -negative O -bacteria O -, O -including O -Haemophilus O -influenzae O -, O -susceptible O -or O -resistant O -to O -penicillins B-Chemical -and O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -was O -from O -0 O -. O -01 O -to O -0 O -. O -1 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -HR O -756 O -showed O -very O -similar O -activity O -to O -that O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -against O -group O -A O -streptococci O -and O -Streptococcus O -pneumoniae O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Hyperglycemic O -effect O -and O -glycogenolytic O -action O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antihypertensive O -effect O -of O -the O -following O -therapeutic O -regimens O -: O -diuretic B-Chemical -alone O -( O -DA O -) O -, O -diuretic B-Chemical -plus O -sympathetic O -inhibitor O -( O -DSI O -) O -, O -diuretic B-Chemical -plus O -betablocker O -( O -DB O -) O -and O -diuretic B-Chemical -plus O -, O -betablocker O -plus O -vasodilator O -( O -DBV O -) O -was O -studied O -for O -34 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -. O -4 O -months O -in O -28 O -patients O -with O -resistant O -essential O -hypertension O -( O -REH O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Behavior O -therapy O -, O -supportive O -psychotherapy O -, O -imipramine B-Chemical -, O -and O -phobias O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -agoraphobics O -and O -mixed O -phobics O -( O -both O -groups O -experiencing O -spontaneous O -panic O -attacks O -) O -, O -imipramine B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -superior O -to O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Eighteen O -percent O -of O -the O -patients O -receiving O -imipramine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -showed O -marked O -stimulant O -side O -effects O -on O -from O -5 O -to O -75 O -mg O -/ O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -studies O -have O -indicated O -that O -these O -lesions O -may O -be O -related O -to O -long O -periods O -of O -time O -at O -high O -blood O -oxygen B-Chemical -or O -prolonged O -periods O -in O -which O -PO2 O -and O -pH O -fluctuated O -widely O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -article O -, O -we O -report O -on O -the O -successful O -use O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -( O -an O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -) O -as O -an O -adjunct O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -severe O -metabolic O -alkalosis O -in O -a O -postsurgical O -renal O -failure O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -glycerophosphate O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -on O -the O -induction O -in O -vivo O -of O -caries O -- O -like O -changes O -in O -human O -dental O -enamel O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -guanethidine B-Chemical -and O -reserpine B-Chemical -produced O -significant O -attenuation O -of O -the O -vascular O -effects O -of O -etilefrine O -and O -tyramine O -. O - -aps B-category -Tfm O -/ O -Y O -animals O -were O -already O -known O -to O -be O -androgen B-Chemical -insensitive O -, O -rendering O -the O -androgen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inducible I-Chemical -enzymes O -ADH O -and O -beta O -- O -glucuronidase O -noninducible O -because O -of O -an O -inherited O -deficiency O -of O -a O -cytosol O -androgen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -also O -discovered O -that O -histidine O -decarboxylase O -repressed O -by O -androgen B-Chemical -in O -normal O -animals O -, O -rather O -than O -being O -unaffected O -by O -it O -in O -Tfm O -/ O -Y O -animals O -, O -is O -in O -fact O -induced O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -positive O -homotropic O -binding O -of O -tetrahydrofolate O -to O -monkey O -liver O -serine O -hydroxymethyltransferase O -was O -abolished O -on O -preincubating O -the O -enzyme O -with O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -process O -is O -dependent O -on O -the O -additon O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -protochlorophyllide O -and O -on O -illumination O -, O -which O -can O -be O -either O -continuous O -or O -intermittent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -of O -the O -reaction O -is O -at O -6 O -. O -9 O -and O -Km O -values O -for O -protochlorophyllide O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -are O -0 O -. O -46 O -and O -35 O -micron O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -effects O -of O -hormones O -on O -glycogen O -metabolism O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -the O -perfused O -liver O -of O -the O -mouse O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -perfusions O -lasting O -40 O -- O -- O -50 O -min O -, O -in O -which O -medium O -was O -not O -recycled O -, O -inhibition O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -was O -only O -observed O -with O -glucagon O -at O -concentrations O -greater O -than O -10 O -( O -- O -9 O -) O -M O -. O -This O -concentration O -was O -about O -two O -orders O -of O -magnitude O -higher O -than O -that O -required O -for O -the O -stimulation O -of O -glycogen O -breakdown O -. O - -aps B-category -Insulin O -prevented O -the O -effect O -of O -glucagon O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -10 O -) O -M O -) O -on O -glycogenolysis O -, O -but O -not O -that O -of O -vasopressin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -NADP O -+ O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -were O -determined O -in O -the O -cerebral O -cortex O -of O -mice O -exposed O -to O -high O -O2 O -pressure O -for O -0 O -, O -8 O -and O -16 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -increases O -in O -cortical O -NADP O -+ O -and O -decreases O -in O -NADPH B-Chemical -were O -found O -in O -mice O -exposed O -to O -610kPa O -( O -6 O -atm O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Identical O -changes O -in O -cerebral O -NADP O -+ O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -the O -NADP O -+ O -/ O -NADPH B-Chemical -ratio O -were O -found O -in O -mice O -exposed O -for O -16min O -to O -100 O -% O -O2 O -at O -100 O -, O -350 O -or O -610kPa O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -in O -the O -10s O -post O -- O -convulsive O -group O -was O -a O -statistically O -significant O -decrease O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Decomposition O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -catalysed O -by O -mesoferrihaem O -, O -deuteroferrihaem O -, O -coproferrihaem O -and O -haematoferrihaem O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -order O -of O -magnitude O -of O -these O -rate O -constants O -is O -the O -same O -as O -that O -for O -catalysis O -by O -Fe O -( O -H2O O -) O -63 O -+ O -and O -the O -second O -- O -order O -rate O -constant O -for O -decomposition O -of O -H2O2 B-Chemical -by O -catalase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -the O -oxidation O -of O -ferrihaems O -by O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -and O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -carboxykinase O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -direction O -and O -regulation O -of O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -metabolism O -in O -muscles O -of O -the O -frog O -and O -marine O -invertebrates O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -general O -, O -the O -properties O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -from O -all O -muscles O -were O -similar O -, O -except O -for O -those O -of O -the O -enzyme O -from O -the O -oyster O -( O -adductor O -muscle O -) O -; O -the O -pH O -optima O -were O -between O -7 O -. O -1 O -and O -7 O -. O -4 O -, O -whereas O -that O -for O -oyster O -was O -8 O -. O -2 O -; O -fructose O -bisphosphate O -lowered O -the O -optimum O -pH O -of O -the O -oyster O -enzyme O -from O -8 O -. O -2 O -to O -7 O -. O -1 O -, O -but O -it O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -enzymes O -from O -other O -muscles O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -concentrations O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -were O -very O -effective O -with O -the O -enzyme O -from O -the O -oyster O -( O -50 O -% O -inhibition O -was O -observed O -at O -0 O -. O -4mm O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -changes O -in O -concentrations O -of O -fructose O -bisphosphate O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -and O -ITP O -produce O -a O -coordinated O -mechanism O -of O -control O -of O -the O -activities O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -and O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -carboxykinase O -in O -the O -sea O -anemone O -and O -oyster O -muscles O -, O -which O -ensures O -that O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -is O -converted O -into O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -and O -then O -into O -succinate O -in O -these O -muscles O -under O -anaerobic O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -may O -be O -part O -of O -a O -pathway O -for O -the O -oxidation O -of O -some O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -these O -muscles O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -calcium B-Chemical -ionophore O -A23187 O -can O -also O -evoke O -an O -increase O -in O -cyclic O -GMP O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -hemoglobin O -betaSH O -chains O -is O -concentration O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -reaction O -catalyzed O -by O -transport O -( O -Na O -, O -K O -) O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -- O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -Differences O -between O -the O -hydroperoxide O -- O -dependent O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -microsomal O -aryl O -hydrocarbon O -hydroxylase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Tetrahydroisoquinolines O -derived O -from O -catecholamines B-Chemical -or O -DOPA O -: O -effects O -on O -brain O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -microsomal O -metabolism O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -adrenochrome O -by O -superoxide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -and O -- O -independent O -pathways O -. O - -aps B-category -Cumene O -hydroperoxide O -- O -supported O -microsomal O -hydroxylations O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -a I-Chemical -probe O -of O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -multiplicity O -and O -specificity O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -some O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -on O -fibrinolysis O -and O -serum O -lipids O -in O -normolipidaemic O -rats O -and O -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -Ventilatory O -patterns O -in O -surgical O -patients O -premedicated O -with O -lorazepam B-Chemical -or O -diazepam B-Chemical -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Assignments O -of O -the O -Cepsilon1 O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peaks O -to O -histidine O -- O -40 O -and O -- O -57 O -were O -based O -on O -comparison O -of O -the O -NMR O -titration O -curves O -of O -the O -native O -zymogen O -with O -those O -of O -the O -diisopropylphosphoryl O -derivative O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -bovine O -chymotrypsinogen O -A O -in O -2H2O O -at O -31 O -degrees O -C O -, O -histidine O -- O -57 O -has O -a O -pK O -' O -of O -7 O -. O -3 O -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -102 I-Chemical -a O -pK O -' O -of O -1 O -. O -4 O -, O -and O -the O -histidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -40 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -194 I-Chemical -system O -exhibits O -inflections O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -6 O -and O -2 O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -pK O -' O -of O -histidine O -- O -57 O -is O -higher O -than O -the O -pK O -' O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -102 I-Chemical -in O -both O -zymogen O -and O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemical O -- O -modification O -studies O -on O -submitochondrial O -particle O -pyridine O -dinucleotide O -transhydrogenase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -) O -demonstrate O -the O -presence O -of O -one O -class O -of O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -in O -the O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -NADP O -) O -site O -and O -another O -peripheral O -to O -the O -active O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -NADP O -+ O -or O -NADPH B-Chemical -nearly O -completely O -protected O -against O -5 O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -dithiobis O -( O -2 O -- O -nitrobenzoic O -acid O -) O -inactivation O -and O -modification O -of O -both O -classes O -of O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -, O -while O -NADP O -+ O -only O -partially O -protected O -against O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -substantially O -stimulated O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -experiments O -indicate O -that O -neither O -class O -of O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -is O -essential O -for O -transhydrogenation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -desensitization O -of O -glycerol O -kinase O -to O -allosteric O -inhibition O -by O -fructose O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -bisphosphate O -caused O -by O -salt B-Chemical -, O -urea B-Chemical -, O -and O -high O -pH O -has O -been O -examined O -in O -the O -light O -of O -the O -model O -proposed O -in O -an O -earlier O -paper O -[ O -de O -Riel O -, O -J O -. O -K O -. O -, O -and O -Paulus O -H O -. O -( O -1978 O -) O -, O -Biochemistry O -17 O -] O -relating O -subunit O -dissociation O -and O -ligand O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -ACP O -functions O -( O -via O -the O -SH O -of O -the O -prosthetic O -group O -) O -as O -a O -coenzyme O -in O -the O -synthesis O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -complex O -lipids O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -make O -the O -following O -conclusions O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -the O -structure O -of O -ACP O -is O -stabilized O -by O -surface O -charge O -, O -and O -( O -2 O -) O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residue O -of O -acyl O -- O -ACP O -does O -not O -move O -freely O -and O -seems O -immobilized O -by O -an O -interaction O -with O -the O -protein O -moiety O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -product O -which O -accumulates O -in O -solution O -has O -been O -identified O -as O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -, O -4 O -- O -pentadienoate O -gamma O -- O -lactone O -, O -formed O -by O -intramolecular O -attack O -of O -the O -carboxylate O -anion O -on O -the O -electrophilic O -fourth O -carbon B-Chemical -of O -2 O -- O -iminium O -- O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -pentadienoate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aminediene O -lactone O -is O -converted O -by O -base O -treatment O -to O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -keto I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pentenoate I-Chemical -, O -which O -is O -also O -a O -strong O -inhibitor O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -induces O -a O -charge O -- O -transfer O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -N O -- O -2 O -- O -hydroxyethyl O -- O -N O -' O -- O -2 O -- O -ethanesulfonic O -acid O -( O -Hepes O -) O -buffer O -, O -the O -oxidation O -product O -2 O -- O -iminium O -- O -4 O -- O -pentenoate O -predominantly O -reacts O -to O -form O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -, O -4 O -- O -pentadienoate O -, O -a O -strong O -noncovalent O -inhibitor O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Syntheses O -of O -trans B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -trans O -- O -2 O -- O -keto O -- O -3 O -- O -pentenoate O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutathione O -reductase O -( O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -h O -: O -oxidized O -glutathione B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -6 O -. O -4 O -. O -2 O -) O -has O -been O -purified O -1000 O -- O -fold O -from O -the O -cytoplasmic O -fraction O -of O -human O -platelets O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -citrate B-Chemical -and O -monovalent O -salt B-Chemical -activation O -appears O -to O -involve O -multiple O -sites O -having O -different O -binding O -affinities O -. O - -aps B-category -Initial O -velocity O -double O -reciprocal O -plots O -at O -sub O -- O -saturating O -and O -saturating O -concentrations O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -generate O -a O -family O -of O -converging O -lines O -. O - -aps B-category -FMN O -, O -FAD O -, O -and O -riboflavin B-Chemical -inhibit O -platelet O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -by O -influencing O -only O -the O -V O -while O -nitrofurantoin O -inhibition O -is O -associated O -with O -an O -increase O -Koxidized O -glutathione B-Chemical -and O -a O -decreased O -V O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutathione O -reductase O -( O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -: O -oxidized B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -6 O -. O -4 O -. O -2 O -) O -was O -purified O -to O -homogeneity O -from O -porcine O -erythrocytes O -by O -use O -of O -affinity O -chromatography O -on O -2 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -ADP O -- O -Sepharose O -4 O -- O -B O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -a O -physiological O -concentration O -of O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -the O -apparent O -Michaelis O -constants O -for O -glutathione B-Chemical -disulfide O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -were O -higher O -than O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -S O -- O -sulfoglutathione O -and O -some O -mixed O -disulfides O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -were O -poor O -substrates O -with O -the O -exception O -of O -the O -mixed O -disulfide O -of O -coenzyme O -A O -and O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proton O -stoichiometry O -for O -the O -oxidation O -of O -cytochrome O -c O -peroxidase O -( O -ferrocytochrome O -c O -: O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -11 O -. O -1 O -. O -5 O -) O -to O -cytochrome O -c O -peroxidase O -Compound O -I O -by O -H2O2 B-Chemical -, O -for O -the O -reduction O -of O -cytochrome O -c O -peroxidase O -Compound O -I O -to O -cytochrome O -c O -peroxidase O -Compound O -II O -by O -ferrocyanide O -, O -and O -for O -the O -reduction O -of O -cytochrome O -c O -peroxidase O -Compound O -II O -to O -the O -native O -enzyme O -by O -ferrocyanide O -has O -been O -determined O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -between O -pH O -4 O -and O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -immobilized O -enzyme O -was O -more O -stable O -than O -the O -native O -enzyme O -to O -incubation O -at O -60 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -immobilized O -enzyme O -was O -able O -to O -hydrolyse O -ceramide O -- O -3 O -either O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -or O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -in O -an O -artificial O -system O -in O -which O -sodium B-Chemical -taurocholate O -was O -used O -to O -solubilize O -the O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -adenine O -nucleotides O -and O -inorganic O -pyrophosphate O -on O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -Anabaena O -cylindrica O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -and O -serine O -were O -uncompetitive O -with O -respect O -to O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -while O -those O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -and O -asparatate O -were O -uncompetitive O -with O -respect O -to O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -while O -those O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -were O -non O -- O -competitive O -and O -mixed O -type O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamine O -synthetase O -was O -also O -inhibited O -by O -ADP O -and O -AMP O -and O -both O -nucleotides O -affected O -the O -enzyme O -competitively O -with O -respect O -to O -ATP O -and O -non O -- O -competitively O -for O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -adenine O -nucleotides O -and O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -more O -pronounced O -at O -higher O -concentrations O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -two O -stages O -in O -the O -phenolic O -group O -titration O -curve O -were O -observed O -for O -the O -inactivated O -protein O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -guanidine O -hydrochloride O -; O -only O -about O -10 O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -ionized O -reversibly O -up O -to O -pH O -11 O -, O -above O -which O -titration O -was O -irreversible O -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -Bohr O -effects O -in O -myoglobin O -characterized O -by O -proton O -NMR O -hyperfine O -shifts O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -binding O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -changed O -smoothly O -over O -several O -pH O -units O -, O -this O -alkaline O -Bohr O -effect O -can O -not O -be O -associated O -with O -any O -well O -defined O -conformational O -change O -detected O -by O -NMR O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -dependences O -of O -the O -first O -order O -association O -and O -dissociation O -rate O -constants O -were O -also O -studied O -by O -the O -temperature O -- O -jump O -method O -to O -suggest O -a O -strong O -linkage O -of O -the O -azide O -binding O -with O -a O -proton O -uptake O -of O -an O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residue O -on O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -dependence O -of O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -resonance O -of O -the O -carboxy O -- O -methyl O -group O -bound O -to O -the O -Npi O -of O -His O -- O -119 O -differs O -in O -the O -absence O -and O -presence O -of O -Cyd O -- O -2 O -' O -- O -P O -, O -thus O -indicating O -that O -the O -catalytically O -inactive O -derivative O -does O -bind O -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -Utilizing O -a O -more O -rapid O -procedure O -for O -determining O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -- O -converting O -factor O -activity O -, O -the O -kinetic O -properties O -of O -this O -factor O -were O -characterized O -further O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -converting O -factor O -was O -not O -altered O -following O -administration O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Alternatively O -, O -the O -absence O -of O -converting O -factor O -from O -other O -tissues O -need O -not O -indicate O -they O -are O -devoid O -of O -converting O -factor O -- O -like O -activity O -merely O -, O -that O -such O -activity O -in O -these O -tissues O -has O -different O -specificities O -and O -does O -not O -utilize O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -as O -a O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -investigate O -the O -mechanisms O -governing O -collagen O -interaction O -with O -blood O -platelets O -, O -the O -effects O -of O -side O -- O -chain O -modifications O -on O -collagen O -- O -induced O -platelet O -aggregation O -and O -release O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -showed O -that O -the O -ability O -of O -a O -collagen O -sample O -to O -induce O -platelet O -aggregation O -and O -release O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -is O -dependent O -on O -the O -arginine O -content O -of O -fibrillar O -collagen O -. O - -aps B-category -Circular O -dichroism O -studies O -of O -glycosaminoglycans O -including O -chemically O -transformed O -heparins B-Chemical -at O -various O -pH O -values O -reveal O -that O -carboxyl O -chromophore O -plays O -an O -important O -role O -in O -the O -dichroic O -behavior O -of O -the O -polymers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -CD O -variations O -above O -200 O -nm O -with O -change O -in O -pH O -do O -not O -indicate O -any O -major O -conformational O -transition O -of O -the O -molecules O -but O -the O -difference O -between O -dermatan O -sulfate O -and O -heparin B-Chemical -can O -be O -attributed O -to O -difference O -either O -in O -iduronic O -acid O -conformation O -or O -in O -intersaccharide O -linkages O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -of O -O2 O -evolution O -, O -with O -and O -without O -1 O -mM O -MgCl2 O -, O -was O -base O -- O -shifted O -by O -2 O -mM O -sodium B-Chemical -acetate O -, O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -CO2 O -- O -dependent O -O2 O -evolution O -by O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -increased O -as O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -reaction O -mixture O -was O -decreased O -below O -the O -optimum O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -a O -similar O -change O -in O -pH O -reduced O -the O -concentration O -required O -to O -inhibit O -O2 O -evolution O -50 O -% O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnesium B-Chemical -was O -not O -required O -for O -inhibition O -of O -O2 O -evolution O -by O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -but O -incresaed O -the O -relative O -inhibition O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -obtained O -suggest O -that O -magnesium B-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -O2 O -evolution O -may O -be O -caused O -by O -enhanced O -phosphate B-Chemical -exchange O -across O -the O -chloroplast O -envelope O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -: O -NADP O -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -49 O -) O -and O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenase O -( O -6 O -- O -phospho O -- O -D O -- O -gluconate O -: O -NADP O -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -44 O -) O -were O -purified O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -membrane O -fractions O -were O -prepared O -by O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -centrifugation O -and O -the O -fractions O -characterized O -by O -analysis O -of O -marker O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -former O -system O -is O -inhibited O -by O -high O -concentrations O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -and O -activated O -by O -low O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -variation O -of O -the O -initial O -rates O -of O -both O -systems O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -chlorides O -having O -monovalent O -and O -divalent O -cations O -, O -or O -sodium B-Chemical -halides O -, O -Na2SO4 O -and O -NaNO3 O -( O -at O -constant O -ionic O -strength O -) O -suggests O -that O -the O -anions O -have O -a O -specific O -action O -on O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -stability O -, O -at O -varying O -pH O -, O -varies O -with O -the O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -NaCl B-Chemical -and O -divalent O -metal O -ions O -inhibit O -the O -enzyme O -but O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -is O -slightly O -stimulatory O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -characteristics O -were O -observed O -: O -high O -molecular O -weight O -( O -about O -150 O -000 O -- O -220 O -00 O -) O -; O -optimum O -pH O -about O -8 O -; O -inhibition O -by O -high O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -, O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -group I-Chemical -blocking O -agents O -and O -polyamines O -; O -absence O -of O -nuclease O -activity O -; O -preference O -for O -magnesium B-Chemical -as O -required O -divalent O -cation O -with O -all O -the O -efficient O -template O -- O -primers O -tested O -; O -and O -clear O -template O -- O -primer O -specificity O -, O -the O -purified O -enzyme O -being O -able O -to O -copy O -primed O -- O -polydeoxyribonucleotide O -templates O -[ O -activated O -DNA O -, O -poly O -( O -dA O -) O -. O -oligo O -( O -dT O -) O -, O -poly O -( O -dA O -) O -. O -oligo O -( O -rU O -) O -] O -but O -not O -polyribonucleotide O -chains O -[ O -poly O -( O -rA O -) O -. O -oligo O -( O -dT O -) O -, O -poly O -( O -rA O -) O -. O -oligo O -( O -rU O -) O -] O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -either O -Mg O -+ O -+ O -or O -MN O -+ O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -examined O -the O -clinical O -and O -research O -records O -of O -29 O -acutely O -ill O -hospitalized O -patients O -with O -affective O -disorder O -who O -received O -only O -lithium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -during O -their O -first O -week O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -discharge O -, O -both O -groups O -were O -equally O -improved O -, O -and O -70 O -% O -of O -Group O -2 O -patients O -were O -receiving O -lithium B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -Group O -2 O -patients O -had O -a O -more O -severe O -or O -penetrant O -form O -of O -illness O -than O -our O -Group O -1 O -patients O -, O -requiring O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -or O -ECT O -in O -addition O -to O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Base O -stacking O -in O -the O -dinucleoside O -phosphate B-Chemical -rapa O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -experiments O -on O -two O -groups O -of O -mongrel O -rats O -( O -4 O -weeks O -old O -and O -4 O -months O -old O -) O -with O -induced O -nephrotoxic O -nephritis O -it O -was O -revealed O -that O -in O -comparison O -with O -adult O -rats O -the O -course O -of O -nephritis O -in O -ratlings O -was O -characterized O -by O -lesser O -proteinuria O -, O -selective O -in O -nature O -, O -by O -lesser O -reducticn O -of O -endogenous O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -and O -diuresis O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -effects O -of O -electrical O -stimulation O -, O -changes O -in O -external O -ion O -concentrations O -and O -various O -drugs O -on O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -release O -from O -the O -myenteric O -plexus O -were O -measured O -by O -bioassay O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -physostigmine B-Chemical -and O -by O -recording O -the O -responses O -of O -the O -longitudinal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -In O -the O -rabbit O -, O -the O -fractional O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -release O -was O -lower O -than O -in O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -rabbit O -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -output O -was O -less O -sensitive O -to O -changes O -in O -Ca2 O -+ O -concentration O -and O -insensitive O -to O -Mn2 O -+ O -and O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -bretylium O -, O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -thymoxamine O -and O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -increased O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -output O -during O -stimulation O -at O -high O -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -to O -10 O -Hz O -) O -but O -not O -at O -low O -frequencies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -errors O -, O -introduced O -by O -the O -effects O -of O -physostigmine B-Chemical -, O -on O -the O -size O -of O -the O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -pools O -and O -on O -the O -transmission O -of O -impulses O -within O -the O -myenteric O -plexus O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Mg O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -fails O -, O -even O -in O -concentrations O -as O -high O -as O -32 O -mM O -, O -to O -affect O -the O -amplitude O -and O -the O -shape O -of O -the O -endplate O -potential O -but O -abolishes O -it O -when O -the O -Ca O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -concentration O -is O -reduced O -to O -0 O -. O -2 O -mM O -. O -2 O -Despite O -the O -large O -amplitude O -of O -the O -triggered O -endplate O -potential O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -and O -tetrodotoxin O -, O -repetitive O -stimulation O -up O -to O -10 O -Hz O -causes O -only O -a O -small O -decline O -in O -amplitude O -of O -successive O -endplate O -potentials O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -parallel O -shift O -occurs O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -tetraethylammonium O -and O -guanidine O -. O -4 O -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -increases O -transmitter O -release O -by O -enhancing O -the O -transport O -efficacy O -for O -Ca O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -across O -the O -nerve O -terminal O -membrane O -during O -nerve O -terminal O -depolarization O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -came O -to O -equilibrium O -by O -2 O -min O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -and O -was O -rapidly O -reversed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Phenoxybenzamine O -, O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -were O -about O -10 O -- O -- O -30 O -times O -more O -potent O -in O -inhibiting O -cyclic O -AMP O -accumulation O -than O -in O -displacing O -[ O -3H O -] O -WB O -4101 O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -demonstrating O -that O -WB O -4101 O -correlates O -with O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -cyclic O -AMP O -accumulation O -suggest O -that O -WB O -4101 O -may O -bind O -to O -the O -membrane O -receptor O -sites O -mediating O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -accumulation O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -in O -rat O -cerebral O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -Except O -for O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -C1 O -region O -of O -9 O -- O -week O -- O -old O -rats O -, O -no O -significant O -change O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -occurred O -in O -central O -or O -peripheral O -structures O -of O -the O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -when O -compared O -to O -the O -normotensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -in O -young O -rats O -of O -the O -hypertensive O -strain O -, O -there O -was O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -capacity O -to O -synthetize O -adrenaline B-Chemical -in O -the O -C2 O -area O -of O -the O -medulla O -oblongata O -and O -in O -the O -adrenal O -glands O -. O - -aps B-category -Fine O -structural O -localization O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -astrocytes O -of O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -this O -study O -clearly O -indicate O -that O -the O -astrocyte O -forms O -the O -compartment O -in O -brain O -concerned O -with O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -, O -thereby O -assigning O -a O -key O -role O -to O -the O -astrocyte O -in O -the O -metabolism O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -and O -the O -putative O -neurotransmitters O -, O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -taurine O -effects O -on O -various O -neurochemical O -indices O -in O -control O -and O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lesioned I-Chemical -neostriatum O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamine O -synthetase O -( O -EC O -6 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -of O -Neurospora O -crassa O -was O -purified O -to O -near O -homogeneity O -by O -chromatography O -on O -a O -glutamate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Sepharose I-Chemical -affinity O -column O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subunit O -generated O -by O -treatment O -with O -urea B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -45 O -, O -000 O -daltons O -by O -gel O -filtration O -methods O -and O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -46 O -, O -000 O -was O -calculated O -for O -the O -monomer O -obtained O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -( O -SDS O -) O -treatment O -and O -electrophoresis O -in O -SDS O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gels O -. O - -aps B-category -Dynamics O -of O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -change O -during O -acute O -respiratory O -alkalosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -of O -the O -HMG O -- O -CoA O -reductase O -activity O -is O -in O -the O -microsomal O -fraction O -while O -a O -small O -percentage O -of O -the O -activity O -is O -associated O -with O -the O -mitochondria O -, O -Mitochondria O -purified O -on O -a O -linear O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -are O -enriched O -in O -HMG O -- O -CoA O -reductase O -and O -cytochrome O -c O -oxidase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -on O -Thiobacillus O -acidophilus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -by O -valine O -and O -leucine B-Chemical -were O -partially O -reversed O -by O -isoleucine O -, O -and O -the O -inhibition O -by O -isoleucine O -was O -partially O -reversed O -by O -valine O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -tyrosine B-Chemical -was O -increased O -by O -phenylalanine O -or O -tryptophan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Valine O -was O -the O -only O -branched O -- O -chain O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -which O -inhibited O -the O -AHAS O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -purified O -by O -salt B-Chemical -precipitation O -and O -diethylaminoethyl O -( O -DEAE O -) O -cellulose O -ion O -- O -exchange O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -alone O -, O -of O -divalent O -cations O -, O -activated O -the O -enzyme O -by O -2 O -. O -9 O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -cellulase O -and O -beta O -- O -glucosidase O -were O -obtained O -in O -good O -yield O -only O -when O -cellulose O -was O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -traces O -of O -cellulase O -and O -beta O -- O -glucosidase O -were O -formed O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -fructose O -, O -maltose O -, O -and O -cellobiose O -although O -good O -growth O -was O -obtained O -on O -these O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -Linear O -simian O -virus O -40 O -( O -SV40 O -) O -chromosomes O -were O -prepared O -by O -Eco O -R1 O -nuclease O -cleavage O -of O -the O -circular O -SV40 O -chromosomes O -released O -from O -virions O -with O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -at O -pH O -9 O -, O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -the O -antiepileptic O -drugs O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -, O -primidone O -and O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -) O -are O -then O -extracted O -into O -20 O -ml O -of O -ether B-Chemical -and O -the O -solvent O -is O -evaporated O -to O -dryness O -. O - -aps B-category -Validity O -and O -clinical O -utility O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -facilitated I-Chemical -electroencephalography O -in O -psychotic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -hydrallazine O -, O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -intraperitoneally O -, O -twice O -daily O -or O -methaoxamine O -, O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -three O -times O -daily O -for O -3 O -days O -respectively O -raises O -and O -lowers O -the O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -content O -of O -brain O -nuclei O -, O -suggesting O -that O -short O -- O -term O -changes O -in O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -may O -be O -secondary O -to O -afferent O -baroreceptor O -input O -. O - -aps B-category -Angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -- O -generating O -activity O -of O -rat O -brain O -extract O -was O -separated O -into O -two O -components O -by O -affinity O -chromatography O -on O -a O -casein O -- O -Sepharose O -gel O -column O -. O - -aps B-category -Enhanced O -hypothalamic O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -in O -Goldblatt O -I O -renovascular O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypothalamic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -activities O -, O -and O -the O -concentration O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -were O -increased O -in O -the O -Goldblatt O -I O -animals O -after O -3 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -between O -prazosin B-Chemical -and O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Prazosin B-Chemical -diminished O -the O -clonidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hypotensive O -effect O -in O -anaesthetized O -rats O -, O -probably O -via O -an O -antagonism O -at O -the O -level O -of O -central O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antagonism O -by O -clonidine B-Chemical -was O -partly O -reversed O -by O -prazosin B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -that O -prazosin B-Chemical -possesses O -a O -certain O -degree O -of O -presynaptic O -activity O -apart O -from O -its O -predominant O -effect O -at O -the O -postsynaptic O -alpha O -- O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -central O -hypotensive O -effect O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -injected O -into O -the O -left O -vertebral O -artery O -of O -cats O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -by O -prazosin B-Chemical -, O -administered O -before O -clonidine B-Chemical -via O -the O -same O -route O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combined O -application O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -prazosin B-Chemical -in O -antihypertensive O -treatment O -is O -probably O -not O -only O -irrational O -but O -ought O -to O -be O -discouraged O -in O -view O -of O -the O -interaction O -between O -the O -drugs O -, O -which O -leads O -to O -a O -reduced O -antihypertensive O -potency O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -- O -blocking O -drug O -was O -associated O -with O -small O -, O -but O -significant O -, O -increases O -in O -plasma O -triglyceride B-Chemical -concentrations O -and O -suppression O -of O -fasting O -immuno O -- O -reactive O -glucagon O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Eight O -hypertensive O -patients O -with O -angina O -pectoris O -had O -placebo O -added O -to O -their O -existing O -medications O -for O -8 O -weeks O -, O -then O -incremental O -doses O -of O -active O -labetalol B-Chemical -with O -simultaneous O -stepwise O -reduction O -in O -other O -medicines O -until O -blood O -pressure O -was O -satisfactorily O -controlled O -; O -after O -that O -only O -labetalol B-Chemical -and O -thiazide B-Chemical -( O -8 O -weeks O -) O -and O -finally O -labetalol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -placebo I-Chemical -together O -with O -previous O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -antagonists O -and O -thiazide B-Chemical -for O -4 O -weeks O -were O -administered O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -final O -treatment O -with O -placebo O -, O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -antagonist O -and O -thiazide B-Chemical -, O -blood O -pressures O -remained O -reduced O -, O -but O -angina O -was O -significantly O -worse O -. O - -aps B-category -Haemodynamic O -responses O -to O -diazoxide O -( O -300 O -mg O -intravenously O -) O -were O -studied O -in O -15 O -hypertensive O -patients O -before O -and O -after O -chronic O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -blockade O -by O -320 O -mg O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -daily O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -in O -essential O -hypertension O -and O -after O -long O -- O -term O -treatment O -with O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -- O -blocking O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -adrenaline B-Chemical -was O -markedly O -increased O -in O -a O -large O -proportion O -of O -patients O -, O -compared O -with O -control O -subjects O -, O -either O -in O -supine O -or O -in O -upright O -positions O -, O -whereas O -no O -significant O -differences O -were O -found O -in O -plasma O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -was O -not O -significantly O -changed O -in O -the O -supine O -position O -but O -was O -markedly O -increased O -on O -standing O -in O -four O -out O -of O -six O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -evident O -that O -3 O -% O -tryptic O -soy O -broth O -, O -3 O -% O -NZ O -- O -Amine O -NAK O -+ O -3 O -% O -casein O -hydrolysate O -, O -3 O -% O -NZ O -- O -Amine O -NAK O -+ O -1 O -% O -yeast O -extract O -, O -and O -3 O -% O -NZ O -- O -Amine O -NAK O -+ O -1 O -% O -yeast O -extract O -+ O -0 O -. O -2 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -are O -most O -available O -toxin O -production O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -, O -although O -with O -higher O -yield O -, O -the O -toxin O -production O -was O -delayed O -for O -certain O -period O -of O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -metabolites O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -elucidate O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -have O -also O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -is O -reproduced O -by O -blockade O -of O -noradrenergic O -transmission O -or O -destruction O -of O -the O -dorsal O -noradrenergic O -bundle O -with O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -in O -stratum O -radiatum O -and O -oriens O -of O -CA1 O -, O -85 O -% O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -asparate O -uptake O -and O -40 O -% O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -content O -are O -lost O -after O -lesions O -of O -ipsilateral O -plus O -commissural O -fibres O -from O -CA3 O -/ O -CA4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -( O -by O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -) O -, O -content O -and O -high O -affinity O -uptake O -of O -gamma O -- O -aminobutyrate O -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -are O -not O -reduced O -after O -lesions O -of O -these O -or O -other O -projection O -fibre O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -85 O -% O -of O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -is O -situated O -in O -' O -nerve O -ending O -particles O -' O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -80 O -% O -of O -the O -hippocampal O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -is O -in O -' O -nerve O -ending O -particles O -' O -, O -the O -characteristic O -topographical O -distribution O -of O -this O -enzyme O -should O -reflect O -the O -distribution O -of O -cholinergic O -septo O -- O -hippocampal O -afferents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hippocampal O -formation O -also O -contains O -nerve O -elements O -reacting O -with O -antibodies O -against O -neuroactive O -peptides O -, O -such O -as O -enkephalin O -, O -substance O -P O -, O -somatostatin O -and O -gastrin O -/ O -cholecystokinin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Methotrexate B-Chemical -is O -a O -powerful O -inhibitor O -of O -the O -enzyme O -, O -binding O -up O -to O -10 O -, O -000 O -times O -more O -tightly O -than O -the O -structurally O -similar O -substrate O -, O -folate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relation O -of O -these O -observations O -to O -methotrexate B-Chemical -binding O -, O -and O -the O -notion O -of O -intramolecular O -cooperativity O -in O -ligand O -binding O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -gamma O -- O -Glutamyl O -transferase O -( O -gamma O -- O -GT O -) O -is O -a O -key O -catalyst O -in O -the O -metabolism O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Extraction O -using O -various O -mixtures O -of O -butanol O -and O -di O -- O -isopropyl O -ether B-Chemical -( O -DIPE O -) O -produced O -largely O -similar O -results O -, O -except O -that O -25 O -% O -DIPE O -: O -75 O -% O -butanol O -mixture O -produced O -a O -marked O -loss O -of O -activity O -from O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Agarose O -- O -bound O -horse O -- O -liver O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -pH O -, O -active O -- O -site O -protection O -of O -the O -soluble O -enzyme O -and O -protein O -concentration O -on O -coupling O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -with O -cyanogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bromide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -activated I-Chemical -Sepharose O -has O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binary O -complex O -alcohol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dehydrogenase I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Eucaryotic O -L7 O -/ O -L12 O -- O -type O -proteins O -are O -present O -in O -ethanol B-Chemical -/ O -salt B-Chemical -extracts O -( O -P1 O -protein O -) O -of O -ribosomes O -from O -Artemia O -salina O -and O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -40 O -- O -S O -and O -60 O -- O -S O -ribosomal O -subunits O -extracted O -with O -ethanol B-Chemical -/ O -salt B-Chemical -were O -essentially O -free O -of O -eL12 O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -is O -described O -that O -permits O -simultaneous O -determination O -of O -the O -net O -charge O -transfer O -associated O -with O -Ca2 O -+ O -transport O -by O -the O -ruthenium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -red I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -carrier O -and O -the O -ionized O -internal O -[ O -Ca2 O -+ O -] O -in O -heart O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -Fatty O -acid O -synthetase O -was O -purified O -13 O -- O -fold O -from O -lactating O -rabbit O -mammary O -glands O -by O -a O -procedure O -which O -involved O -chromatography O -on O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -precipitation O -and O -gel O -filtration O -on O -Sepharose O -4B O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subunit O -molecular O -weight O -determined O -by O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -was O -252 O -, O -000 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -, O -000 O -, O -and O -the O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -native O -enzyme O -measured O -by O -sedimentation O -equilibrium O -was O -515 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -only O -a O -small O -quantity O -of O -alkali B-Chemical -labile O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -molecules O -per O -subunit O -) O -bound O -covalently O -to O -the O -purified O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sedimentation O -constant O -, O -S20 O -, O -w O -, O -was O -50 O -. O -5 O -S O -, O -the O -absorption O -index O -, O -A280nm1 O -% O -, O -was O -14 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -, O -and O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -was O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -large O -emount O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -3 O -. O -2 O -molecules O -per O -subunit O -) O -was O -found O -to O -be O -bound O -covalently O -to O -the O -purified O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -and O -the O -extent O -of O -the O -reaction O -are O -different O -for O -the O -oxy O -and O -deoxyderivatives O -, O -probably O -due O -to O -the O -change O -in O -reactivity O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -in O -the O -liganded O -and O -unliganded O -tetramer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -protons O -and O -inositol B-Chemical -hexakisphosphate O -to O -ligated O -and O -unligated O -human O -des O -- O -Arg141alpha O -- O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Study O -of O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -of O -lysozyme O -using O -1H O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -course O -of O -performing O -experiments O -to O -make O -assignments O -, O -several O -interesting O -aspects O -of O -the O -behaviour O -of O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -in O -the O -protein O -structure O -were O -observed O -and O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Contractility O -indexes O -were O -less O -influenced O -by O -bunitrolol O -and O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -disposition O -and O -effect O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -exercise O -tachycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -available O -fraction O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -in O -the O -systemic O -circulation O -was O -estimated O -to O -be O -approximately O -60 O -% O -of O -the O -dose O -, O -and O -17 O -. O -4 O -% O -was O -exereted O -unchanged O -in O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronopharmacological O -study O -of O -antihistamines O -in O -man O -with O -special O -references O -to O -terfenadine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -food O -on O -the O -absorption O -of O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -from O -enteric O -- O -coated O -dosage O -forms O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -absorption O -from O -the O -enteric O -- O -coated O -granules O -was O -not O -influenced O -by O -the O -intake O -of O -food O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -relatively O -specific O -method O -for O -the O -quantitative O -assay O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -has O -been O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -the O -induced O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -, O -the O -animal O -received O -two O -consecutive O -equal O -injections O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -( O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -intrajugularly O -) O -, O -the O -second O -1 O -. O -7 O -h O -after O -the O -termination O -of O -the O -first O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -acid O -hypersecretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Metiamide O -inhibited O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -acid O -secretion O -( O -ED50 O -1 O -. O -85 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Other O -mechanisms O -involving O -cholinergic O -tone O -, O -biogenic O -amine B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -- O -receptors O -do O -not O -seem O -to O -intervene O -. O - -aps B-category -Clozapine O -increased O -brain O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -NA O -) O -metabolism O -, O -as O -indicated O -by O -changes O -in O -3 O -- O -methoxy O -- O -4 O -- O -hydroxyphenylglycol O -sulfate O -content O -, O -in O -brain O -regions O -corresponding O -to O -the O -predominance O -of O -alpha O -- O -over O -beta O -- O -receptors O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -hypothalamus O -, O -medulla O -, O -midbrain O -and O -cortex O -, O -but O -not O -corpus O -striatum O -or O -cerebellum O -. O - -aps B-category -Thioridazine O -and O -the O -benzodioxane O -, O -dibozane O -, O -had O -regional O -effects O -similar O -to O -clozapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -unlikely O -that O -the O -antipsychotic O -activity O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -is O -related O -to O -a O -specific O -adrenolytic O -effect O -, O -but O -may O -reflect O -the O -combined O -activity O -of O -this O -drug O -on O -several O -transmitter O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chlorinated O -derivative O -[ O -Ro O -03 O -- O -7894 O -; O -1 O -- O -[ O -5 O -- O -chloracetylaminobenzfuran O -- O -2 O -- O -yl O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -isopropyl O -- O -aminoethanol O -] O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -exhibited O -concentration O -- O -dependent O -non O -- O -competitive O -irreversible O -blocking O -activity O -as O -measured O -by O -depression O -of O -the O -maximum O -responses O -which O -were O -not O -restored O -by O -a O -washout O -period O -that O -successfully O -reversed O -Ro O -03 O -- O -5255 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -blockade O -by O -Ro O -03 O -- O -7894 O -was O -relatively O -specific O -for O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -since O -it O -did O -not O -antagonize O -histamine B-Chemical -or O -calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -thiosulphate B-Chemical -was O -ineffective O -in O -reversing O -an O -established O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -same O -pA2 O -value O -was O -obtained O -for O -blockade O -of O -the O -contractile O -effect O -of O -amidephrine O -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -on O -the O -rat O -vas O -deferens O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -and O -temperature O -dependence O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -human O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -components O -were O -abolished O -by O -p O -- O -nitrobenzylthioguanosine O -or O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -cholinergic O -stimulant O -, O -butyltrimethylammonium O -bromide B-Chemical -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -increased O -the O -tissue O -levels O -of O -cyclic O -GMP O -in O -the O -taenia O -caecum O -of O -guinea O -pig O -but O -not O -those O -in O -the O -longitudinal O -muscle O -of O -rat O -duodenum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -8 O -widely O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -as O -antagonists O -of O -central O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -receptors O -was O -determined O -from O -the O -inhibition O -of O -the O -binding O -of O -3H O -- O -mepyramine O -to O -a O -membrane O -fraction O -from O -guinea O -- O -pig O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -spiperone B-Chemical -were O -markedly O -weaker O -antihistamines O -than O -the O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Antagonism O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -catalepsy O -by O -L O -- O -prolyl O -- O -L O -- O -leucyl O -- O -glycinamide O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -acute O -administration O -of O -PLG O -( O -10 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -s O -. O -c O -. O -) O -slightly O -attenuated O -the O -cataleptic O -response O -, O -chronic O -PLG O -treatment O -( O -10 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -s O -. O -c O -. O -for O -10 O -days O -) O -virtually O -abolished O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -unilateral O -application O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -, O -benztropine B-Chemical -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -thioproperazine O -to O -one O -substantia O -nigra O -on O -the O -release O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopamine I-Chemical -( O -3H O -- O -DA O -) O -in O -the O -two O -caudate O -nuclei O -were O -examined O -in O -halothane B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anesthetized I-Chemical -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nigral O -application O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -( O -10 O -- O -6 O -M O -) O -or O -benztropine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -- O -6 O -M O -) O -reduced O -the O -release O -of O -3 O -- O -H O -- O -DA O -in O -in O -the O -ipsilateral O -caudate O -nucleus O -and O -induced O -an O -opposite O -effect O -in O -the O -contralateral O -side O -. O - -aps B-category -Serotonin B-Chemical -antagonists O -and O -central O -hyperthermia O -produced O -by O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -in O -conscious O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -cinanserin O -, O -methiothepin O -, O -2 O -- O -bromo O -LSD O -, O -methysergide B-Chemical -and O -dimetiotazine O -are O -investigated O -in O -the O -present O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -Cinanserin O -, O -however O -, O -differed O -from O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -in O -selectively O -antagonizing O -and O -early O -component O -of O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -rise O -, O -unmasking O -an O -important O -fall O -and O -leaving O -a O -late O -hyperthermic O -component O -unaffected O -, O -thus O -disclosing O -three O -distinct O -effects O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Methiothepin O -and O -methysergide B-Chemical -inhibited O -both O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -DA O -hyperthermia O -; O -cinanserin O -- O -- O -like O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -was I-Chemical -more O -effective O -on O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -rise O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -drugs O -studied O -on O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -action O -argue O -in O -favour O -of O -the O -existence O -of O -several O -types O -of O -central O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potentiation O -of O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -temperature O -rise O -by O -2 O -- O -bromo O -LSD O -and O -methysergide B-Chemical -might O -result O -from O -an O -antagonism O -of O -the O -hypothermic O -component O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -the O -action O -of O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -during O -repetitive O -stimulation O -at O -the O -neuromuscular O -junction O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -mainly O -without O -effect O -when O -compared O -with O -conventional O -excitatory O -and O -inhibitory O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -the O -dipeptide O -tended O -to O -be O -depressive O -when O -ejected O -as O -a O -cation O -and O -excitant O -when O -ejected O -as O -an O -anion O -. O - -aps B-category -Samples O -from O -100 O -patients O -with O -anemia O -and O -2 O -phenyl O -- O -ketonuric O -infants O -on O -low O -- O -protein O -diets O -contained O -glutathione B-Chemical -peroxidase O -activity O -similar O -to O -that O -in O -82 O -controls O -, O -when O -screened O -for O -the O -enzyme O -defect O -by O -the O -new O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -dorsal O -metatarsal O -artery O -, O -only O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -were O -detectable O -, O -and O -the O -axon O -profiles O -observed O -contained O -numerous O -small O -granular O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -Intramitochondrial O -phosphate B-Chemical -is O -the O -source O -of O -protons O -in O -the O -response O -of O -liver O -mitochondria O -to O -cations O -. O - -aps B-category -GVH O -cells O -isolated O -from O -peripheral O -blood O -7 O -days O -after O -transplantation O -showed O -a O -high O -labelling O -index O -( O -about O -30 O -% O -) O -after O -40 O -min O -incubation O -with O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -lactate B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -elevated O -and O -account O -for O -the O -frequent O -mild O -acidosis O -found O -in O -hyperosmolar O -coma O -. O - -aps B-category -Adjuvant O -progesterone B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -stage O -I O -endometrial O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Systemic O -reactions O -with O -total O -dose O -infusion O -of O -iron B-Chemical -dextran I-Chemical -complex O -in O -obstetric O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Antihistamine O -premedication O -included O -administration O -of O -promethazine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -to O -104 O -patients O -and O -intramuscular O -and O -intravenous O -drip O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -hydrogen B-Chemical -maleate B-Chemical -to O -206 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacology O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -, O -an O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -gastric O -microcirculation O -. O - -aps B-category -Change O -in O -arteriolar O -diameter O -in O -response O -to O -superfusion O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -with O -and O -without O -antagonists O -was O -measured O -by O -an O -image O -- O -splitting O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -H1 O -effect O -was O -predominant O -in O -the O -antrum O -( O -the O -H2 O -antagonist O -inhibited O -histamine B-Chemical -dilatation O -only O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -H1 O -antagonist O -) O -, O -while O -H1 O -and O -H2 O -effects O -were O -approximately O -equal O -and O -independent O -in O -the O -corpus O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrical O -or O -potassium B-Chemical -stimulation O -elicit O -physiologically O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -release O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -tyramine O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolism O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -noradrenaline I-Chemical -was O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -other O -tissues O -there O -was O -no O -evidence O -obtained O -for O -presynaptic O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -beta O -- O -, O -muscarine B-Chemical -, O -nicotine B-Chemical -and O -angiotensin B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -acute O -and O -chronic O -administration O -of O -D O -- O -Galactosamine O -( O -GalN O -) O -, O -Ethanol O -and O -Phenobarbital B-Chemical -were O -investigated O -on O -the O -activities O -of O -lysosomal O -enzymes O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -) O -Chronic O -ethanol B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -rats O -induced O -clearly O -- O -stained O -lysosomes O -varied O -in O -size O -, O -especially O -large O -- O -sized O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -A O -longitudinal O -study O -on O -the O -EEG O -abnormalities O -in O -schizophrenic O -patients O -treated O -with O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Growth O -of O -A O -. O -viscosus O -in O -media O -supplemented O -with O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -A O -. O -viscosus O -levan O -resulted O -in O -a O -33 O -- O -fold O -increase O -and O -a O -7 O -- O -fold O -increase O -in O -the O -specific O -activities O -of O -the O -respective O -extracellular O -and O -cell O -- O -associated O -enzymes O -when O -compared O -with O -those O -from O -55 O -mM O -glucose B-Chemical -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -for O -the O -presence O -of O -extracellular O -levan O -during O -growth O -of O -A O -. O -viscosus O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -broths O -demonstrated O -that O -peak O -levan O -concentrations O -occurred O -during O -the O -mid O -- O -exponential O -to O -late O -- O -exponential O -phase O -of O -growth O -followed O -by O -a O -rapid O -decline O -in O -extracellular O -levan O -as O -a O -result O -of O -levan O -hydrolase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -under O -conditions O -in O -which O -the O -decrease O -in O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hyperglycemia O -after O -B O -. O -pertussis O -administration O -was O -demonstrable O -, O -there O -was O -no O -change O -in O -rat O -reticulocyte O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -number O -or O -affinity O -measured O -by O -iodohydroxybenzylpindolol O -binding O -or O -in O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -[ O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -3H O -] O -cholesterol B-Chemical -to O -Neisseria O -gonorrhoeae O -CS O -- O -7 O -, O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -, O -and O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -( O -smooth O -and O -rough O -strains O -) O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -98 O -% O -of O -the O -labeled O -cholesterol B-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -the O -cell O -membrane O -( O -s O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Intact O -gonococci O -bound O -4 O -to O -30 O -times O -more O -cholesterol B-Chemical -than O -the O -deep O -rough O -mutant O -S O -. O -typhimurium O -TA1535 O -, O -the O -wild O -- O -type O -S O -. O -typhimurium O -DB O -- O -21 O -, O -and O -P O -. O -aeruginosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -the O -outer O -membrane O -can O -function O -as O -a O -permeability O -barrier O -to O -cholesterol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -binding O -by O -whole O -cells O -of O -N O -. O -gonorrhoeae O -decreased O -markedly O -at O -lower O -temperatures O -, O -with O -almost O -complete O -cessation O -of O -binding O -at O -0 O -degrees O -C O -. O -A O -similar O -temperature O -effect O -on O -the O -binding O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -to O -isolated O -membranes O -was O -not O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -organism O -was O -cultivated O -in O -either O -whole O -- O -salivary O -supernatant O -or O -parotid O -fluid O -, O -both O -of O -which O -were O -supplemented O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Approximately O -50 O -to O -90 O -% O -of O -wall O -carbohydrate O -of O -Lactobacillus O -fermentum O -and O -Lactobacillus O -casei O -was O -released O -when O -cell O -wall O -preparations O -were O -autoclaved O -in O -0 O -. O -85 O -% O -NaCl B-Chemical -for O -180 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -synaptosomes O -of O -calf O -brain O -cortex O -incorporated O -labelled O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -into O -their O -mitochondrial O -, O -membranous O -and O -soluble O -proteins O -in O -an O -approximate O -ratio O -of O -1 O -: O -1 O -: O -0 O -. O -5 O -Synaptosomal O -protein O -synthesis O -was O -sensitive O -to O -ATP O -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -and O -puromycin O -, O -and O -together O -with O -mitochondrial O -protein O -synthesis O -, O -also O -to O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -, O -2 O -. O -4 O -- O -dinitrophenol O -, O -KCN O -and O -hyperosmotic O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -teratogenicity O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -and O -lithium B-Chemical -salts O -was O -discussed O -and O -the O -chromosomal O -abnormalities O -seen O -in O -patients O -treated O -with O -lithium B-Chemical -salts O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -13 O -of O -27 O -cases O -of O -persistent O -dyskinesia O -, O -treatment O -with O -amantadine B-Chemical -, O -in O -an O -average O -dose O -of O -300 O -mg O -, O -brought O -good O -to O -moderate O -improvement O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -more O -than O -50 O -percent O -of O -the O -cases O -of O -initial O -tremor O -induced O -by O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -in O -daily O -doses O -of O -160 O -- O -- O -240 O -mg O -produced O -good O -effects O -and O -moderate O -improvement O -was O -noted O -in O -a O -few O -further O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -the O -converse O -of O -the O -experience O -gained O -with O -the O -classical O -antiparkinson O -agents O -, O -which O -have O -proved O -more O -effective O -against O -tremor O -induced O -by O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -than O -against O -lithium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -tremor O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -activity O -, O -determined O -in O -the O -aqueous O -after O -an O -acid O -burn O -, O -was O -greatly O -inhibited O -by O -pretreatment O -of O -rabbits O -with O -indomethacin B-Chemical -and O -to O -a O -much O -lesser O -extent O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -imidazole O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -changes O -in O -pH O -and O -protein O -level O -in O -the O -aqueous O -implies O -that O -the O -stimulus O -for O -prostaglanding O -release O -within O -the O -eye O -is O -the O -penetration O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -into O -the O -aqueous O -humor O -, O -with O -resultant O -intraocular O -trauma O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -cytochemical O -method O -for O -the O -localization O -of O -nucleotide B-Chemical -pyrophosphatase O -activity O -in O -plants O -employing O -naphthol O -AS O -- O -BI O -thymidine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -and O -alpha O -- O -naphthyl O -thymidine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -as O -specific O -substrates O -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Myofibrils O -from O -the O -different O -muscles O -were O -also O -subjected O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -acrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -order O -to O -separate O -the O -low O -molecular O -weight O -components O -of O -myosin O -. O - -aps B-category -Mixing O -technique O -for O -study O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hemoglobin I-Chemical -equilibrium O -: O -a O -critical O -evaluation O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -shown O -that O -the O -volume O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -of O -the O -mixed O -samples O -are O -by O -far O -the O -most O -critical O -parameters O -in O -calculating O -SO2 O -, O -and O -a O -method O -is O -suggested O -by O -which O -the O -volume O -ratio O -is O -accurately O -measured O -by O -weighing O -the O -blood O -samples O -before O -mixing O -. O - -aps B-category -Body O -temperature O -increase O -caused O -marked O -increases O -in O -minute O -ventilation O -( O -VE O -) O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -( O -VO2 O -) O -, O -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -production O -( O -VCO2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Crystalline O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenodoxin I-Chemical -reductase O -from O -pig O -adrenocortical O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -Pig O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenodoxin I-Chemical -reductase O -was O -crystallized O -from O -pig O -adrenocortical O -mitochondria O -and O -its O -physicochemical O -properties O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Pig O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenodoxin I-Chemical -reductase O -, O -unlike O -bovine O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenodoxin I-Chemical -reductase O -, O -was O -found O -to O -be O -free O -of O -carbohydrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -a O -histidyl O -and O -a O -cysteinyl O -residue O -of O -the O -adrenodoxin O -reductase O -are O -essential O -for O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -site O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -enzyme O -catalyzed O -formation O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -not O -only O -from O -D O -- O -serine O -but O -also O -from O -L O -- O -serine O -, O -and O -also O -catalyzed O -the O -formation O -of O -alpha O -- O -ketobutyrate O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -from O -D O -- O -threonine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -from O -asparagine O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -was O -demonstrated O -in O -the O -supernatant O -of O -rat O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -- O -Aspartyl O -dipeptides O -also O -transferred O -their O -aspartyl O -residues O -to O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -three O -glucoamylases O -were O -glycoproteins O -differing O -in O -both O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -and O -carbohydrate O -content O -, O -but O -showed O -a O -common O -antigenicity O -in O -immunodiffusion O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -cellotriose O -and O -- O -tetraose O -, O -cellopentaose O -and O -- O -hexaose O -were O -attacked O -very O -rapidly O -, O -and O -only O -cellobiose O -was O -produced O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -amine B-Chemical -components O -, O -hydrophobic O -or O -bulky O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -were O -useful O -at O -the O -N O -- O -terminal O -position O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -could O -be O -partly O -overcome O -by O -increasing O -the O -concentration O -of O -either O -the O -carboxyl O -or O -the O -amine B-Chemical -component O -to O -more O -than O -ten O -times O -that O -of O -the O -other O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -by O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -with O -a O -nitrogen B-Chemical -detector O -using O -a O -simple O -acetylation O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chloroform B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetone I-Chemical -( O -4 O -: O -1 O -) O -system O -is O -recommended O -as O -the O -best O -system O -to O -use O -when O -screening O -for O -both O -acidic O -and O -neutral O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combination O -of O -the O -ethyl O -acetate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methanol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ammonia I-Chemical -( O -85 O -: O -10 O -: O -5 O -) O -system O -with O -either O -of O -these O -gives O -the O -best O -pair O -of O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Separation O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -and O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -diastereoisomers O -by O -reversed O -- O -phase O -high O -- O -performance O -liquid O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -2 O -) O -about O -strength O -of O -soldered O -joints O -of O -Co O -- O -Cr O -wire O -using O -silver B-Chemical -solder O -and O -Pd O -- O -solder O -, O -and O -observation O -on O -the O -corrosion O -of O -soldered O -- O -joints O -by O -the O -scanning O -electron O -- O -microscope O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentrations O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -in O -porcine O -follicular O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -CP O -) O -, O -a O -known O -immunosuppressant O -, O -had O -a O -potent O -effect O -upon O -the O -antibody O -responses O -to O -both O -S3 O -and O -tetanus O -toxoid O -. O - -aps B-category -Biosynthesis O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -from O -[ O -2 O -- O -14C O -] O -acetate O -and O -[ O -2 O -- O -14C O -] O -mevalonate O -was O -decreased O -by O -51 O -percent O -and O -31 O -percent O -respectively O -after O -30 O -days O -, O -but O -no O -significant O -inhibition O -was O -observed O -after O -14 O -days O -of O -feeding O -Aroclor O -1254 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vitro O -incorporation O -of O -each O -[ O -2 O -- O -14C O -] O -acetate O -, O -[ O -2 O -- O -14C O -] O -mevalonate O -and O -[ O -1 O -- O -14C O -] O -isopentenyl O -pyrophosphate O -into O -cholesterol B-Chemical -was O -inhibited O -by O -Aroclor O -1254 O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -ATP O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -varied O -, O -the O -Ki O -' O -s O -were O -5 O -. O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -and O -11 O -. O -5 O -X O -13 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -an O -apparent O -diversion O -of O -acetate O -from O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -into O -the O -formation O -of O -non O -- O -saponifiable O -lipids O -, O -accompanied O -by O -an O -inhibition O -of O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -per O -se O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dependence O -of O -net O -charge O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -human O -hemoglobin O -upon O -hemoglobin O -concentration O -was O -reinvestigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -human O -hemoglobin O -was O -determined O -from O -measurements O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -equilibrated O -samples O -using O -a O -Lex O -- O -O2 O -- O -Con O -apparatus O -( O -Lexington O -Instruments O -, O -Waltham O -, O -Mass O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -gel O -electrophoresis O -of O -the O -protein O -suggested O -there O -were O -two O -equal O -subunits O -with O -molecular O -weights O -of O -57000 O -. O - -aps B-category -patterns O -associated O -with O -apnea O -are O -NRem O -- O -sleep O -serotonin B-Chemical -dependent O -, O -and O -have O -an O -inhibitory O -influence O -on O -the O -respiratory O -centers O -, O -by O -alternating O -the O -equilibrium O -between O -the O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -and O -enzymes O -related O -to O -methylmalonyl O -- O -CoA O -mutase O -in O -a O -methanol O -- O -utilizing O -bacterium O -, O -Protaminobacter O -ruber O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cell O -- O -free O -extracts O -of O -P O -. O -ruber O -grown O -on O -non O -- O -C1 O -compounds O -as O -a O -sole O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -energy O -source O -also O -had O -methylmalonyl O -- O -CoA O -mutase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uniformity O -of O -content O -of O -ethinyloestradiol B-Chemical -tablets O -10 O -micrograms O -B O -. O -P O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -the O -photodecomposition O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -on O -lecithin O -monolayers O -. O - -aps B-category -Gastric O -ulceration O -and O -the O -concentration O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -in O -rats O -after O -administration O -of O -14C O -- O -labelled O -aspirin B-Chemical -and O -its O -synthetic O -triglyceride B-Chemical -, O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -dipalmitoyl O -- O -2 O -( O -2 O -' O -- O -acetoxy O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -carboxylbenzoyl O -) O -glycerol O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolism O -of O -the O -compound O -with O -the O -labelled O -( O -14C O -) O -drug O -residue O -introduced O -specifically O -into O -the O -2 O -- O -position O -of O -the O -triglyceride B-Chemical -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -compounds O -gave O -a O -therapeutic O -concentration O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -in O -the O -plasma O -after O -ingestion O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -pronounced O -ulceration O -of O -the O -rat O -stomach O -occurred O -with O -free O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -the O -above O -fatty O -acyl O -glyceride O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -produced O -no O -ulceration O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraperitoneal O -administration O -of O -a O -peripheral O -decarboxylase O -inhibitor O -benserazide B-Chemical -( O -Ro4 O -- O -4602 O -) O -to O -unanesthetized O -rats O -produced O -alterations O -in O -body O -temperature O -which O -depended O -on O -ambient O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -Benserazide O -treatment O -produced O -no O -significant O -change O -in O -brain O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -content O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -PGE1 B-Chemical -on O -peristalsis O -and O -on O -perivascular O -nerve O -inhibition O -of O -peristaltic O -activity O -in O -guinea O -- O -pig O -isolated O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -PGE1 B-Chemical -( O -14 O -nM O -, O -0 O -. O -11 O -microM O -and O -0 O -. O -56 O -microM O -) O -increased O -peristaltic O -activity O -of O -both O -longitudinal O -and O -circular O -muscle O -, O -mainly O -by O -increasing O -the O -amplitude O -of O -contraction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -of O -peristaltic O -activity O -caused O -by O -perivascular O -nerve O -stimulation O -was O -antagonized O -by O -0 O -. O -56 O -microM O -PGE1 B-Chemical -but O -slightly O -increased O -by O -14 O -nM O -PGE1 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -( O -DBH O -) O -concentrations O -have O -been O -postulated O -as O -providing O -an O -index O -of O -sympathetic O -nerve O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Theophylline B-Chemical -in O -myasthenia O -gravis O -, O -III O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -leucocyte O -migration O -by O -salicylates B-Chemical -and O -indomethacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Atropine B-Chemical -manipulation O -of O -elevated O -cerebral O -dopamine B-Chemical -turnover O -caused O -by O -haloperidol B-Chemical -or O -substituted O -benzamide B-Chemical -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -activities O -of O -some O -benzamide B-Chemical -derivatives O -on O -peripheral O -and O -intracerebral O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -sound O -- O -induced O -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -on O -the O -disposition O -of O -lignocaine B-Chemical -and O -warfarin B-Chemical -in O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -dependent O -absorption O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -indomethacin B-Chemical -by O -Parafilm O -, O -a O -stimulant O -of O -salivary O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Actions O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -receptors O -of O -snail O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -implication O -of O -stearate O -mould O -release O -agents O -in O -the O -loss O -of O -benzalkonium O -chloride B-Chemical -from O -ophthalmic O -solutions O -in O -polyethylene O -bottles O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -nonionic O -surfactants O -on O -the O -absorption O -of O -thiopentone B-Chemical -by O -goldfish O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -the O -antiemetic O -drug O -domperidone B-Chemical -on O -guinea O -- O -pig O -isolated O -gastrointestinal O -tissue O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -novel O -penicillin B-Chemical -enzyme O -electrode O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Photodegradation O -of O -solutions O -of O -the O -antitumour O -drug O -DTIC B-Chemical -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -by O -guinea O -- O -pig O -lung O -in O -vitro O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Digoxin B-Chemical -plasma O -and O -myocardial O -level O -correlation O -in O -hypoxic O -dogs O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -analysis O -of O -phenol B-Chemical -and O -aromatic O -alcohols O -by O -second O -derivative O -UV O -- O -spectroscopy O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Sustained O -release O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -products O -: O -in O -vitro O -- O -in O -vivo O -correlations O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -azapropazone O -on O -the O -binding O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -to O -human O -serum O -proteins O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxicity O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -ascorbate O -and O -alloxan O -monohydrate O -to O -3T3 O -mouse O -cells O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Crystal O -structure O -of O -procaine B-Chemical -benzylpenicillin B-Chemical -monohydrate O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vitro O -release O -of O -a O -model O -low O -dose O -drug O -, O -riboflavine O -, O -from O -hard O -gelatin O -capsules O -, O -formulated O -with O -a O -range O -of O -diluents O -, O -in O -the O -absence O -and O -presence O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -stearate O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -, O -1 O -. O -0 O -and O -2 O -. O -0 O -% O -w O -/ O -w O -) O -, O -has O -been O -assessed O -by O -a O -dissolution O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -Correction O -of O -the O -T50 O -values O -for O -possible O -adsorption O -of O -riboflavine O -onto O -the O -water O -insoluble O -diluents O -, O -using O -experimentally O -determined O -adsorption O -isotherms O -, O -altered O -the O -relative O -order O -of O -effectiveness O -of O -the O -diluents O -to O -Primojel O -greater O -than O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -greater O -than O -kaolin O -congruent O -to O -lactose O -greater O -than O -Avicel O -congruent O -to O -Dri O -- O -flo O -starch O -greater O -than O -Emcompress O -greater O -than O -starch O -. O - -aps B-category -injections O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hypotension O -and O -bradycardia O -in O -urethane B-Chemical -anaesthetized O -spontaneous O -hypertensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -was O -antagonized O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -the O -alpha O -- O -antagonists O -piperoxan O -, O -which O -also O -antagonized O -clonidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -bradycardia O -, O -and O -yohimbine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -were O -unaffected O -by O -alpha O -- O -antagonist O -pretreatment O -, O -while O -beta O -- O -antagonist O -pretreatment O -with O -( O -- O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -or O -metoprolol B-Chemical -was O -effective O -against O -adrenaline B-Chemical -but O -not O -clonidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hypotension O -and O -bradycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -different O -central O -mechanisms O -are O -involved O -in O -mediating O -the O -hypotension O -and O -bradycardia O -induced O -by O -centrally O -administered O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -do O -not O -, O -therefore O -, O -support O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -hypotensive O -effects O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -( O -i O -. O -c O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -lasting O -inhibition O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -response O -in O -rats O -by O -depot O -administration O -of O -octanoyl O -- O -[ O -Leu8 O -] O -- B-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prolonged O -effect O -of O -intramuscular O -injections O -of O -oct O -- O -LAII O -in O -oil O -solution O -may O -be O -useful O -for O -chronic O -studies O -of O -physiopathological O -states O -involving O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aldosterone I-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -daily O -, O -oral O -administration O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -on O -plasma O -corticosterone B-Chemical -responses O -to O -stressors O -of O -varying O -intensity O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -rats O -exposed O -to O -the O -more O -severe O -stressors O -, O -foot O -- O -shock O -or O -immobilization O -, O -none O -of O -these O -doses O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -reduced O -plasma O -corticosterone B-Chemical -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -plasma O -corticosterone B-Chemical -concentrations O -are O -not O -a O -reliable O -indicator O -of O -the O -tranquillizing O -effect O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -during O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -by O -dopamine B-Chemical -of O -adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -homogenates O -of O -rat O -brain O -striatum O -was O -enhanced O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -ATP O -( O -0 O -. O -6 O -- O -- O -3 O -mM O -) O -and O -GTP O -( O -10 O -- O -- O -100 O -micrometer O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -by O -dopamine B-Chemical -was O -also O -dependent O -on O -MgCl2 O -, O -and O -was O -maximal O -at O -MgCl2 O -concentrations O -of O -at O -least O -two O -fold O -excess O -over O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -action O -was O -blocked O -by O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -micrometer O -) O -and O -phentolamine B-Chemical -( O -100 O -micrometer O -) O -but O -not O -by O -an O -analogue O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -having O -no O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -activity O -or O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -100 O -micrometer O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -various O -drug O -pretreatments O -upon O -the O -responses O -of O -rabbits O -to O -the O -putative O -indirect O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptaminergic I-Chemical -agonists I-Chemical -p O -- O -chloroamphetamine O -( O -PCA O -) O -and O -fenfluramine B-Chemical -were O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hyperthermic O -and O -behavioural O -responses O -of O -both O -agents O -were O -reduced O -by O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -uptake O -inhibitor O -, O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -, O -potentiated O -by O -the O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitor O -, O -pheniprazine O -, O -and O -unaltered O -by O -the O -dopaminergic O -antagonist O -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Depeletion O -of O -central O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -stores O -with O -p O -- O -chlorophenylalanine O -also O -affected O -responses O -to O -fenfluramine B-Chemical -more O -than O -responses O -to O -PCA O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -5 O -- O -hydroxykynurenamine O -, O -a O -metabolite O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -, O -on O -guinea O -- O -pig O -isolated O -trachea O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -the O -existence O -of O -another O -type O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -in O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -Modification O -by O -harmaline O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cyclopropyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -on O -5 O -- O -hydroxyindole O -concentration O -in O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Benzodiazepines O -potentiate O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopamine I-Chemical -stereotyped O -dependent O -gnawing O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Codeine B-Chemical -impurity O -in O -ethylmorphine O -hydrochloride O -B O -. O -P O -. O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -- O -mediated O -microsomal O -alkylation O -required O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -was O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -, O -which O -indicated O -the O -participation O -of O -a O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -- O -dependent O -monooxygenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -glutathione B-Chemical -prevented O -the O -microsomal O -alkylation O -by O -4 O -- O -ipomeanol O -, O -indicating O -the O -electrophilic O -nature O -of O -the O -alkylating O -metabolite O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -investigation O -has O -been O -carried O -out O -of O -the O -role O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -- O -and O -H2 O -- O -receptors O -in O -the O -control O -of O -cyclic O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cGMP B-Chemical -) O -and O -cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cAMP B-Chemical -) O -levels O -in O -blocks O -of O -bovine O -superior O -cervical O -ganglion O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -increased O -both O -cGMP B-Chemical -and O -cGMP B-Chemical -levels O -with O -similar O -time O -course O -and O -concentration O -- O -response O -relationships O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversely O -low O -concentrations O -of O -the O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -agonist O -4 O -- O -methylhistamine O -increased O -cAMP B-Chemical -but O -not O -cGMP B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversely O -, O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -blocked O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -increased O -in O -cAMP B-Chemical -but O -not O -cGMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -increase O -in O -cGMP B-Chemical -appeared O -to O -be O -mediated O -through O -calcium B-Chemical -: O -the O -increase O -in O -cGMP B-Chemical -required O -the O -presence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -the O -extracellular O -medium O -, O -and O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -ionophore O -A23187 O -caused O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -increase O -in O -cGMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Monensin O -potentiation O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -contracture O -in O -cat O -myocardium O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -antipsychotic O -and O -antianxiety O -drugs O -on O -the O -morphine B-Chemical -abstinence O -syndrome O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Groups O -of O -10 O -to O -22 O -male O -albino O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -( O -250 O -- O -300 O -g O -) O -were O -individually O -implanted O -s O -. O -c O -. O -with O -either O -two O -75 O -- O -mg O -morphine B-Chemical -base O -pellets O -or O -two O -placebo O -pellets O -. O - -aps B-category -Jumping O -was O -exacerbated O -by O -CPZ O -( O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -chlordiazepoxide O -( O -4 O -and O -8 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -DPM O -( O -1 O -, O -2 O -and O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -; O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -thioridazine B-Chemical -had O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -this O -sign O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -antipsychotic O -agents O -each O -decrease O -dopamine B-Chemical -availability O -at O -the O -postsynaptic O -receptor O -, O -this O -mechanism O -alone O -cannot O -explain O -their O -actions O -on O -individual O -signs O -of O -abstinence O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -chronic O -beta O -adrenergic O -blockade O -on O -the O -relationship O -between O -plasma O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -in O -hypertensive O -man O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -on O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -carbachol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -drinking O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -membrane O -currents O -, O -analyzed O -according O -to O -the O -Hodgkin O -- O -Huxley O -equations O -, O -showed O -that O -sodium B-Chemical -permeability O -, O -PNa O -( O -E O -) O -, O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -conductance O -gK O -( O -E O -) O -, O -curves O -were O -shifted O -toward O -positive O -voltages O -by O -different O -amounts O -and O -slightly O -depressed O -as O -the O -external O -pH O -was O -lowered O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -figure O -is O -obtained O -for O -the O -potassium B-Chemical -system O -from O -the O -shift O -of O -the O -alphan O -( O -E O -) O -curve O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactate B-Chemical -accumulates O -in O -human O -erythrocytes O -stored O -at O -4 O -degrees O -C O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lactate B-Chemical -influx O -into O -erythrocytes O -that O -were O -depleted O -of O -intracellular O -lactate B-Chemical -by O -incubation O -at O -37 O -degrees O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -was O -stimulated O -by O -decreasing O -medium O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -experiments O -as O -well O -as O -measurements O -of O -H O -+ O -movements O -associated O -with O -lactate B-Chemical -fluxes O -demonstrate O -that O -lactate B-Chemical -transport O -takes O -place O -via O -a O -specific O -monocarboxylate O -transporter O -( O -distinct O -from O -the O -inorganic O -ion O -channel O -) O -by O -a O -H O -+ O -- B-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -symport O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -complex O -formation O -was O -inhibited O -by O -protein O -denaturing O -agents O -, O -guanidine O -- O -hydrochloride O -and O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Nomenclature O -of O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -antihypertensive O -agent O -, O -labetalol B-Chemical -, O -has O -potent O -hypotensive O -effects O -in O -the O -anesthetized O -rat O -and O -dog O -when O -given O -intravenously O -and O -also O -in O -the O -unanesthetized O -beagle O -when O -given O -orally O -. O - -aps B-category -Labetalol B-Chemical -slightly O -increased O -blood O -flow O -of O -canine O -femoral O -artery O -under O -constant O -pressure O -perfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacologically O -, O -labetalol B-Chemical -possessed O -both O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -blocking O -activities O -, O -though O -weaker O -than O -phentolamine B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Like O -several O -other O -beta O -- O -blockers O -, O -labetalol B-Chemical -seems O -to O -block O -neuronal O -uptake O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Antimycobacterial O -activity O -of O -lecithin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cholesterol I-Chemical -liposomes O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -phospholipase O -A2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -natural O -and O -synthetic O -lecithins O -different O -in O -constituent O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -employed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -preparation O -was O -not O -very O -labile O -to O -heat O -and O -its O -activity O -was O -dependent O -on O -the O -presence O -of O -divalent O -cations O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -being O -the O -most O -effective O -activators O -. O - -aps B-category -Relationship O -between O -gastric O -secretion O -and O -serum O -gastrin O -levels O -in O -dogs O -anesthetized O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -urethane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -of O -gastric O -juice O -was O -reduced O -dose O -- O -dependently O -by O -an O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -001 O -- O -- O -0 O -. O -016 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -064 O -- O -- O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -secretin O -( O -2 O -- O -- O -8 O -U O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -were O -discussed O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -mechanism O -of O -gastric O -juice O -stimulation O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -and O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -endogenous O -gastrin O -release O -through O -the O -vagal O -and O -non O -- O -vagal O -pathways O -participates O -in O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -gastric O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Antiarrhythmic O -effects O -of O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -- O -blocker O -, O -were O -studied O -quantitatively O -on O -arhythmias O -produced O -by O -epinephrine B-Chemical -during O -halothane B-Chemical -anesthesia O -and O -by O -two O -- O -stage O -coronary O -ligation O -, O -and O -were O -compared O -to O -those O -of O -other O -beta O -- O -blockers O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -Kö O -1400 O -, O -which O -have O -been O -already O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effective O -dose O -of O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -was O -60 O -+ O -/ O -- O -18 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -S O -. O -E O -. O -, O -N O -= O -6 O -) O -, O -which O -is O -in O -the O -range O -of O -the O -so O -- O -called O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -for O -two O -- O -stage O -coronary O -ligation O -arrhythmia O -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -suppressed O -only O -that O -observed O -48 O -hours O -after O -coronary O -ligation O -using O -higher O -doses O -( O -5 O -to O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiovascular O -actions O -of O -optical O -isomers O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -isomers O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -produced O -a O -sustained O -pressor O -action O -in O -the O -rat O -and O -in O -the O -spinal O -rat O -infused O -with O -adrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -pressor O -action O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -is O -due O -to O -the O -blockade O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -mediating O -vasodilation O -in O -the O -skeletal O -muscle O -vascular O -beds O -. O - -aps B-category -Organotoxic O -effects O -of O -excessive O -doses O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -in O -the O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -Compounds O -in O -the O -urinary O -pH O -1 O -extract O -reacting O -with O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -and O -tetrahydrocorticosteroid O -antisera O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -characterization O -of O -the O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aldosterone I-Chemical -immunoreactive O -material O -was O -made O -by O -immunological O -analysis O -of O -paper O -chromatogram O -eluats O -. O - -aps B-category -Humoral O -and O -neurohormonal O -aspects O -of O -blood O -pressure O -regulation O -: O -focus O -on O -angiotensin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hormonal O -angiotensin B-Chemical -increases O -blood O -pressure O -by O -its O -vasoconstrictor O -action O -, O -by O -stimulation O -of O -aldosterone B-Chemical -secretion O -and O -subsequent O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -water O -retention O -, O -and O -by O -the O -stimulation O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -this O -hormonal O -function O -, O -angiotensin B-Chemical -is O -present O -in O -the O -brain O -as O -part O -of O -an O -endogenous O -brain O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -role O -of O -brain O -angiotensin B-Chemical -in O -the O -maintenance O -of O -high O -blood O -pressure O -of O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -system O -can O -therefore O -serve O -as O -an O -example O -for O -the O -intimate O -interrelationship O -between O -humoral O -and O -neurohumoral O -mechanisms O -of O -blood O -pressure O -regulation O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -concentrations O -of O -0 O -. O -01 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -in O -the O -perfusate O -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -significantly O -increased O -vascular O -resistance O -by O -blockade O -of O -beta2 O -- O -receptor O -mediated O -vasodilatation O -, O -whereas O -atenolol B-Chemical -, O -bunitrolol O -and O -methypranol O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -peripheral O -resistance O -at O -this O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lack O -of O -inhibition O -of O -vascular O -beta2 O -- O -receptors O -at O -low O -concentrations O -of O -atenolol B-Chemical -and O -also O -bunitrolol O -and O -methypranol O -show O -relative O -selectivity O -for O -beta1 O -- O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -on O -aspirin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -gastric O -mucosal O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -enzyme O -preparation O -was O -characterized O -by O -a O -single O -band O -on O -the O -urea B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -and O -by O -a O -single O -precipitin O -line O -with O -its O -corresponding O -antiserum O -on O -double O -diffusion O -and O -immunoelectrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -inhibited O -by O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -reagents O -, O -anionic O -detergents O -, O -and O -divalent O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -carbohydrate O -and O -lipid O -analyses O -indicated O -that O -the O -oxidoreductase O -is O -a O -glycolipoprotein O -with O -fucose O -, O -galactose B-Chemical -, O -mannose O -, O -and O -glucosamine O -as O -the O -sugar O -components O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -sphingomyelin O -as O -the O -lipid O -constituents O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectrin O -phosphorylation O -is O -not O -affected O -by O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Spectrin O -kinase O -is O -selectively O -eluted O -from O -membranes O -by O -0 O -. O -5 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -and O -co O -- O -fractionates O -with O -eluted O -casein O -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -Progress O -in O -the O -isolation O -and O -characterization O -of O -spectrin O -kinase O -and O -phosphospectrin O -phosphatase O -should O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -resolution O -of O -major O -questions O -raised O -by O -previous O -work O -: O -the O -relationships O -between O -membrane O -- O -bound O -and O -cytoplasmic O -forms O -of O -the O -enzymes O -, O -the O -nature O -of O -their O -physical O -interactions O -with O -the O -membrane O -, O -and O -the O -regulation O -of O -their O -activities O -in O -defined O -cell O -- O -free O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -rates O -and O -intercellular O -transfer O -of O -metabolites O -were O -studied O -in O -human O -glia O -and O -glioma O -culture O -cells O -via O -topographic O -scan O -of O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -fluorescence O -by O -multichannel O -microfluorometry O -in O -conjunction O -with O -microinjection O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -+ O -allosteric O -activators O -. O - -aps B-category -Current O -therapy O -of O -Wegener O -' O -s O -granulomatosis O -with O -Cytoxin O -and O -Imuran O -and O -steroids B-Chemical -for O -giant O -cell O -arteritis O -frequently O -results O -in O -reversal O -of O -head O -and O -neck O -involvement O -, O -prevention O -of O -systemic O -disease O -, O -and O -prolonged O -survival O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -AMP O -- O -independent O -relaxation O -of O -depolarized O -rat O -ileal O -smooth O -muscle O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -was O -made O -in O -order O -to O -see O -whether O -human O -thrombocytes O -are O -capable O -to O -metabolize O -cortisol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymatic O -nature O -of O -the O -reactions O -was O -proved O -by O -( O -1 O -) O -heat O -treatment O -( O -2 O -) O -finding O -out O -NADPH B-Chemical -to O -be O -a O -specific O -cofactor O -and O -( O -3 O -) O -the O -dependence O -of O -the O -activity O -on O -the O -number O -of O -thrombocytes O -in O -suspensions O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -these O -, O -15 O -% O -were O -found O -to O -have O -alcohol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -related I-Chemical -reasons O -for O -admission O -to O -hospital O -, O -and O -33 O -% O -had O -concomitant O -alcohol B-Chemical -problems O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -temperature O -on O -mixed O -function O -amine B-Chemical -oxidase O -intrinsic O -fluorescence O -and O -oxidative O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -characterization O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -mediating O -the O -stimulation O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -accumulation O -in O -slices O -from O -guinea O -- O -pig O -hippocampus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -isoelectric O -pH O -was O -7 O -. O -42 O -and O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Blockade O -of O -the O -flush O -associated O -with O -metastatic O -gastric O -carcinoid O -by O -combined O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -and O -H2 O -receptor O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -as O -a O -neurotransmitter O -of O -cerebellar O -parallel O -fibers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -treatment O -of O -threatened O -premature O -labor O -by O -betamimetic O -drugs O -: O -a O -comparison O -of O -fenoterol O -and O -ritodrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -antagonist O -, O -iproveratril O -, O -to O -the O -therapeutic O -regimen O -did O -not O -influence O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -the O -2 O -agents O -or O -the O -incidence O -of O -their O -adverse O -side O -- O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Amniotic O -fluid O -lactate B-Chemical -was O -about O -6 O -times O -, O -and O -AF O -- O -P O -was O -2 O -times O -higher O -than O -maternal O -blood O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -correlation O -between O -AF O -- O -Po2 O -and O -Pao2 O -( O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -) O -, O -between O -AF O -- O -Pco2 O -and O -Paco2 O -( O -arterial O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -) O -, O -or O -between O -AF O -- O -L O -and O -blood O -L O -. O -AF O -- O -Po2 O -, O -AF O -- O -Pco2 O -, O -and O -AF O -- O -L O -may O -correlate O -better O -with O -the O -intrauterine O -fetal O -status O -than O -AF O -- O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Impaired O -distal O -nephron O -acidification O -in O -chronically O -phosphate B-Chemical -depleted O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -33 O -days O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -depletion O -, O -urine O -pH O -of O -PD O -rats O -( O -N O -= O -5 O -, O -5 O -. O -36 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -15 O -) O -was O -significantly O -higher O -than O -control O -( O -N O -= O -5 O -, O -5 O -. O -64 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -09 O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -following O -an O -NH4Cl O -load O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -higher O -urine O -pH O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -depleted O -rats O -following O -NH4Cl O -administration O -was O -not O -due O -to O -low O -urinary O -phosphate B-Chemical -as O -3 O -- O -day O -phosphate B-Chemical -depleted O -rats O -could O -normally O -acidify O -urine O -after O -NH4Cl O -( O -pH O -= O -5 O -. O -86 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -09 O -, O -N O -= O -6 O -vs O -. O -control O -5 O -. O -87 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -08 O -, O -N O -= O -6 O -, O -P O -= O -N O -. O -S O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -the O -presence O -of O -impaired O -distal O -tubular O -acidification O -in O -chronically O -phosphate B-Chemical -depleted O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -elevated O -bilirubin B-Chemical -level O -can O -be O -classified O -as O -hyperbilirubinemia O -only O -if O -results O -of O -all O -other O -liver O -function O -tests O -are O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -Localization O -of O -the O -site O -of O -adenylylation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -by O -electron O -microscopy O -of O -an O -enzyme O -- O -antibody O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -resulting O -antisera O -strongly O -bound O -ethenoadenosine O -, O -its O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -, O -or O -protein O -conjugates O -of O -the O -nucleoside B-Chemical -; O -little O -or O -no O -crossreaction O -was O -seen O -to O -adenosine B-Chemical -, O -AMP O -, O -or O -the O -protein O -carrier O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ethenoadenylylated O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -was O -precipitated O -by O -antibodies O -to O -ethenoadenosine O -in O -conjunction O -with O -goat O -anti O -- O -rabbit O -gamma O -globulin O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -labeling O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -receptors O -by O -d O -- O -[ O -3H O -] O -lysergic O -acid O -diethylamide O -in O -calf O -caudate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -combination O -of O -50 O -nM O -each O -of O -phentolamine B-Chemical -( O -added O -to O -preclude O -the O -binding O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -LSD O -to O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -) O -, O -apomorphine B-Chemical -, O -and O -spiperone B-Chemical -( O -added O -to O -preclude O -the O -binding O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -LSD O -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -) O -, O -it O -was O -found O -by O -Scatchard O -analysis O -that O -the O -total O -number O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -LSD O -sites O -went O -down O -to O -300 O -fmol O -/ O -mg O -, O -compared O -to O -1100 O -fmol O -/ O -mg O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -this O -combination O -, O -the O -IC50 O -for O -serotonin B-Chemical -was O -35 O -nM O -( O -compared O -to O -1000 O -nM O -without O -it O -) O -, O -indicating O -that O -[ O -3H O -] O -LSD O -had O -become O -considerably O -more O -selectively O -displaceable O -by O -serotonin B-Chemical -under O -these O -conditions O -whereas O -the O -effects O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -on O -[ O -3H O -] O -LSD O -binding O -were O -eliminated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -catfish O -retina O -, O -horizontal O -cells O -that O -receive O -inputs O -exclusively O -from O -red O -- O -sensitive O -cones O -are O -the O -only O -neurons O -that O -accumulate O -exogenous O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -under O -our O -experimental O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -bicuculline B-Chemical -methochloride O -decreases O -the O -frequency O -responses O -of O -cone O -horizontal O -cells O -to O -a O -field O -of O -light O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -energy O -value O -to O -sheep O -of O -mixed O -diets O -containing O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -straw O -and O -ground O -field O -beans O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Fractions O -of O -porcine O -cerebral O -cortex O -extract O -separated O -by O -molecular O -weight O -on O -a O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -75 O -column O -were O -tested O -for O -their O -activities O -and O -potencies O -to O -inhibit O -[ O -3H O -] O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -binding O -to O -rat O -brain O -homogenates O -. O - -aps B-category -Equilibrium O -binding O -studies O -indicated O -that O -BCF O -- O -I O -was O -a O -competitive O -inhibitor O -, O -making O -it O -a O -candidate O -as O -a O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -endogenous O -factor O -or O -profactor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -abnormal O -membrane O -glycoprotein O -that O -we O -previously O -found O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -malignancy O -in O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -different O -tumours O -is O -present O -in O -the O -cell O -membrane O -as O -a O -dimer O -and O -appears O -to O -have O -a O -specific O -binding O -site O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -salivary O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -amylase O -output O -of O -rat O -parotid O -with O -electrical O -stimulation O -of O -autonomic O -innervation O -. O - -aps B-category -Permeability O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -across O -the O -oral O -mucosa O -had O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -a O -direct O -linear O -function O -of O -alkalinity O -in O -the O -oral O -cavity O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -absorption O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -and O -cross O -- O -adaptation O -of O -sour O -to O -bitter O -taste O -are O -both O -discussed O -as O -explanations O -for O -the O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -subjected O -to O -9 O -daily O -sessions O -of O -electric O -footshock O -stress O -showed O -marked O -increases O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -various O -brain O -regions O -and O -in O -the O -adrenal O -gland O -. O - -aps B-category -Mice O -were O -injected O -with O -anisomycin O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -cerebral O -protein O -synthesis O -; O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -, O -strychnine B-Chemical -, O -or O -caffeine B-Chemical -was O -administered O -30 O -min O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -Anisomycin O -decreased O -synthesis O -rates O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -but O -this O -effect O -was O -not O -significantly O -affected O -by O -any O -of O -the O -CNS O -stimulants O -. O - -aps B-category -Modifications O -induced O -in O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aldo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sterone I-Chemical -system O -of O -rats O -by O -alpha O -- O -blocking O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -NADH O -with O -acid O -gives O -rise O -to O -as O -many O -as O -10 O -products O -derived O -from O -breakdown O -of O -the O -dihydropyridine B-Chemical -ring O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -adding O -2 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -ouabain B-Chemical -the O -hyperpolarization O -increased O -to O -1 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -25 O -mV O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -spontaneous O -non O -- O -quantal O -leakage O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -occurs O -at O -the O -mouse O -neuromuscular O -junction O -, O -as O -it O -does O -in O -the O -frog O -( O -ref O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -in O -experimentally O -induced O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -Single O -40 O -- O -mg O -doses O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -significantly O -slowed O -the O -heart O -rate O -, O -suggesting O -a O -satisfactory O -pharmacologic O -effect O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -at O -the O -dose O -used O -had O -little O -effect O -on O -psychic O -anxiety O -as O -determined O -by O -this O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -cortisol B-Chemical -and O -growth O -hormone O -, O -physical O -, O -and O -mood O -variables O -were O -evaluated O -daily O -and O -the O -neuroendocrine O -measures O -were O -also O -taken O -serially O -at O -the O -time O -of O -removal O -from O -the O -cardiac O -monitor O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -known O -that O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -a O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -can O -elicit O -dopaminergic O -supersensitivity O -in O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopaminergic O -supersensitivity O -persists O -for O -a O -period O -proportional O -to O -the O -lenght O -of O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Streptococcus O -mutans O -converts O -low O -levels O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -to O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -but O -at O -high O -levels O -favours O -synthesis O -of O -glucans O -for O -plaque O -accumulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bacteria O -that O -have O -evolved O -physiological O -systems O -to O -function O -efficiently O -under O -these O -conditions O -are O -the O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -the O -bound O -enzyme O -from O -the O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -fractions O -were O -studied O -under O -a O -variety O -of O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -on O -purified O -blood O -cholinesterases O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -3H O -] O -Flunitrazepam B-Chemical -: O -its O -advantages O -as O -a O -ligand O -for O -the O -identification O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -rat O -brain O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Urine O -salicylate B-Chemical -recovery O -used O -as O -a O -measure O -of O -bioavailability O -in O -20 O -normal O -subjects O -has O -shown O -that O -hot O -coffee O -has O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -drug O -availability O -from O -the O -orally O -administered O -suspension O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -- O -blind O -two O -- O -week O -comparison O -of O -benorylate O -and O -naproxen B-Chemical -tablets O -was O -carried O -out O -in O -85 O -patients O -with O -painful O -osteoarthritis O -. O - -aps B-category -infusions O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -09 O -microgram O -X O -kg O -- O -1 O -X O -min O -- O -1 O -) O -before O -and O -after O -the O -ingestion O -of O -40 O -mg O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -only O -significant O -difference O -between O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -patients O -and O -those O -without O -such O -treatment O -was O -the O -higher O -frequency O -of O -ST O -changes O -in O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -and O -sputum O -ampicillin B-Chemical -assays O -after O -the O -first O -dose O -showed O -higher O -and O -earlier O -peak O -levels O -after O -bacampicillin O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -third O -of O -the O -Haemophilus O -influenzae O -strains O -studied O -required O -more O -than O -0 O -. O -25 O -mg O -/ O -l O -ampicillin B-Chemical -for O -inhibition O -of O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -Environmental O -lighting O -regulates O -numerous O -circadian O -rhythms O -, O -including O -the O -cycle O -in O -pineal O -serotonin B-Chemical -N O -- O -acetyltransferase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Light O -and O -carbachol B-Chemical -presumably O -act O -on O -the O -suprachiasmatic O -nucleus O -of O -the O -hypothalamus O -. O - -aps B-category -Fertilization O -: O -a O -uterine O -glycosaminoglycan B-Chemical -stimulates O -the O -conversion O -of O -sperm O -proacrosin O -to O -acrosin O -. O - -aps B-category -Tiapride B-Chemical -was O -applied O -to O -25 O -mostly O -alcoholic O -patients O -affected O -by O -tremor O -, O -agitation O -and O -psychic O -disorders O -, O -with O -favourable O -results O -in O -more O -than O -half O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -object O -of O -the O -second O -was O -to O -analyse O -the O -neurovisceral O -properties O -and O -the O -action O -of O -tiapride B-Chemical -on O -somatic O -symptoms O -due O -to O -anxiety O -in O -25 O -ambulatory O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Tiapride B-Chemical -is O -tolerated O -in O -the O -same O -way O -as O -a O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -for O -even O -in O -low O -dosage O -( O -150 O -- O -300 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -may O -appear O -undesirable O -side O -effects O -of O -extrapyramidal O -type O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -affects O -upper O -extremities O -( O -often O -asymmetrically O -) O -and O -the O -head O -; O -it O -is O -reduced O -by O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -at O -least O -two O -types O -of O -dyskinesias O -: O -spontaneous O -and O -post O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -eventual O -side O -effects O -are O -taken O -into O -account O -, O -tiapride B-Chemical -appears O -to O -represent O -the O -good O -choice O -. O - -aps B-category -Paradoxically O -, O -when O -necessary O -, O -their O -treatment O -consists O -in O -resuming O -a O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -prescription O -. O - -aps B-category -Pneumococci O -relatively O -insensitive O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -were O -isolated O -from O -the O -sputum O -of O -two O -patients O -with O -pneumonia O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -insensitive I-Chemical -pneumococci O -are O -being O -reported O -with O -greater O -frequency O -, O -continued O -surveillance O -of O -pneumococcal O -sensitivity O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -is O -appropriate O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -changes O -in O -the O -modifications O -of O -the O -vigilance O -under O -the O -influence O -of O -the O -estazolam O -and O -the O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -bucolome O -( O -BC O -, O -1 O -- O -cyclohexyl O -- O -5 O -- O -n O -- O -butyl O -- O -2 O -, O -4 O -, O -6 O -- O -trioxoperhydropyrimidine O -, O -a O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -steroid I-Chemical -antiinflammatory O -agent O -) O -, O -a O -potent O -choleretic O -, O -on O -the O -maximal O -biliary O -excretion O -rates O -( O -Tm O -) O -of O -sulfobromophthalein O -( O -BSP O -) O -and O -indocyanine B-Chemical -green I-Chemical -( O -ICG O -) O -were O -investigated O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -skin O -of O -asthmatic O -patients O -to O -these O -drugs O -was O -closely O -correlated O -with O -the O -general O -response O -of O -the O -patients O -to O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -such O -as O -changes O -in O -heart O -rate O -, O -diastolic O -blood O -pressure O -, O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -level O -, O -and O -blood O -triglyceride B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Transplantation O -was O -complicated O -by O -transient O -graft O -- O -versus O -- O -host O -disease O -of O -moderate O -severity O -, O -which O -resolved O -completely O -following O -treatment O -with O -antithymocyte B-Chemical -globulin I-Chemical -and O -prednisone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -axial O -projection O -of O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -molecule O -has O -been O -reconstructed O -from O -electron O -micrographs O -of O -a O -stained O -preparation O -by O -using O -a O -new O -method O -of O -correlation O -search O -and O -averaging O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -hydroxythiamin O -or O -thiamin O -into O -rats O -at O -a O -dose O -400 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -caused O -a O -single O -- O -directed O -( O -unspecific O -, O -nonenzymatic O -) O -effect O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenases O -within O -short O -periods O -( O -3 O -- O -12 O -hrs O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Content O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -was O -altered O -depending O -on O -time O -of O -hydroxythiamin O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -altered O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -metabolism O -during O -compensatory O -renal O -hypertrophy O -and O -neonatal O -kidney O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -cGMP B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -remaining O -renal O -cortex O -remained O -at O -about O -300 O -percent O -of O -the O -initial O -value O -during O -the O -subsequent O -72 O -hours O -and O -slowly O -declined O -to O -150 O -- O -200 O -percent O -in O -the O -following O -two O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -cAMP B-Chemical -concentration O -after O -contralateral O -nephrectomy O -fell O -significantly O -by O -about O -25 O -percent O -within O -two O -hours O -and O -remained O -below O -baseline O -level O -for O -up O -to O -eight O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -cGMP B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -greater O -four O -days O -after O -birth O -than O -in O -adult O -rats O -, O -further O -rose O -between O -the O -fourth O -and O -the O -seventh O -day O -after O -birth O -and O -subsequently O -gradually O -declined O -to O -adult O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -cGMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase I-Chemical -activity O -, O -however O -, O -was O -also O -increased O -in O -respect O -to O -adult O -levels O -, O -one O -or O -three O -weeks O -after O -birth O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -cGMP B-Chemical -may O -trigger O -renal O -growth O -and O -that O -increases O -of O -cGMP B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -kidneys O -are O -the O -result O -of O -a O -primary O -increase O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -may O -be O -responsible O -for O -the O -observed O -delay O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -catabolism O -and O -may O -improve O -the O -precursor O -supply O -of O -the O -secondary O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Oxidation O -of O -homologous O -aliphatic O -aldehydes O -by O -membrane O -- O -bound O -and O -solubilized O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Acinetobacter O -calcoaceticus O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -human O -platelet O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthesis O -has O -been O -studied O -from O -added O -radioactive O -arachidonic O -acid O -( O -i O -) O -as O -function O -of O -substrate O -concentration O -, O -( O -ii O -) O -as O -function O -of O -platelet O -concentration O -and O -( O -iii O -) O -as O -function O -of O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Dihomo O -- O -gamma O -- O -linolenic O -acid O -was O -found O -to O -be O -a O -mutually O -competitive O -substrate O -with O -arachidonic O -acid O -for O -the O -platelet O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthetase O -thus O -causing O -reduced O -utilization O -of O -arachidonic O -acid O -as O -shown O -by O -measuring O -the O -various O -oxygenation O -products O -of O -arachidonic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypoglycemic O -reactions O -can O -occur O -with O -high O -doses O -of O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -insulin O -with O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockers O -or O -other O -inhibitors O -of O -the O -sympathetic O -system O -such O -as O -guanethidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -short O -and O -long O -wavelength O -actinic O -light O -, O -addition O -of O -the O -salt B-Chemical -under O -most O -conditions O -stimulates O -the O -yield O -and O -the O -saturation O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -soil O -pH O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -nutrition O -on O -resistance O -of O -alfalfa O -to O -bacterial O -and O -verticillium O -wilt O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Aqueous O -iodine B-Chemical -solutions O -as O -disinfectants O -: O -composition O -, O -stability O -, O -comparison O -with O -chlorine O -and O -bromine O -solution O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -values O -obtained O -by O -the O -latter O -methode O -enabled O -by O -application O -of O -the O -known O -rate O -law O -to O -calculate O -the O -initial O -rate O -of O -the O -iodate O -formation O -and O -to O -draw O -from O -this O -conclusions O -concerning O -the O -stability O -of O -iodine B-Chemical -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -disinfecting O -action O -of O -the O -iodine B-Chemical -cation O -( O -H2O O -+ O -J O -) O -which O -is O -supposed O -to O -be O -very O -powerful O -can O -be O -neglected O -because O -of O -its O -low O -concentration O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -- O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -% O -) O -of O -the O -total O -concentration O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -content O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -in O -blood O -and O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -with O -a O -simultaneous O -decrease O -in O -the O -content O -of O -inhibitors O -and O -sympatheticoadrenal O -substances O -were O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Changes O -in O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -pressure O -following O -administration O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -hydroxybutyrate O -and O -viadril O -- O -G O -to O -patients O -with O -brain O -tumors O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -considerable O -reduction O -of O -intracranial O -pressure O -was O -noted O -in O -inducing O -anaesthesia O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -oxybutyrate O -( O -by O -34 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -and O -viadril O -- O -G O -( O -by O -24 O -% O -) O -, O -which O -was O -attended O -by O -an O -increase O -in O -perfusional O -brain O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -model O -gives O -a O -measure O -Q O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -ACh O -) O -release O -from O -presynaptic O -preganglionic O -boutons O -and O -postganglionic O -varicosities O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ACh O -release O -is O -not O -significantly O -influenced O -by O -increasing O -pH O -, O -Verapamil B-Chemical -( O -4 O -mg O -/ O -l O -) O -, O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -E2 O -and O -F2alpha O -( O -20 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -) O -and O -substitution O -of O -nonpermeable O -anions O -for O -Cl O -- O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Discussions O -with O -the O -speakers O -on O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -H2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Metiamide O -entirely O -inhibited O -the O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -induced O -by O -both O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -pentagastrin O -, O -but O -did O -not O -parallelly O -diminish O -mucosal O -blood O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Histamine B-Chemical -and O -its O -role O -in O -peptic O -gastric O -diseases O -: O -the O -discovery O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -H2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -antagonists O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -this O -new O -class O -of O -compounds O -acts O -not O -only O -by O -mere O -competitive O -inhibition O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -at O -its O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -, O -but O -also O -by O -activating O -the O -metabolism O -of O -this O -secretagogue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rise O -in O -histamine B-Chemical -content O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -methyltransferase O -activity O -after O -vagotomy O -may O -be O -the O -basis O -for O -a O -biochemical O -explanation O -of O -the O -acid O -- O -reducing O -effect O -of O -this O -operation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -therapeutic O -effect O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -27 O -patients O -with O -peptic O -gastrointestinal O -ulcer O -, O -and O -of O -7 O -patients O -with O -acid O -gastrooesophageal O -reflux O -, O -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -physostigmine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Eunalgit I-Chemical -interaction O -upon O -alimentary O -motor O -reflexes O -in O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -Timolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -No O -diminished O -effect O -of O -treatment O -was O -apparent O -after O -9 O -weeks O -in O -34 O -subjects O -or O -after O -15 O -weeks O -in O -23 O -subjects O -with O -Timolol B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Epinephrine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -% O -) O -and O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -appeared O -to O -have O -an O -additive O -effect O -in O -these O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -, O -methyllidocaine O -, O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -, O -etidocaine O -was O -studied O -in O -rat O -lung O -slices O -at O -different O -pH O -- O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Interactions O -between O -lidocaine B-Chemical -and O -other O -substances O -were O -studied O -in O -lung O -slices O -and O -in O -isolated O -perfused O -lungs O -. O - -aps B-category -Nortriptyline O -was O -more O -effective O -than O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -biperiden B-Chemical -in O -overdose O -on O -respiration O -and O -circulation O -in O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -toxic O -influence O -of O -biperiden B-Chemical -is O -characterised O -by O -a O -decrease O -of O -heart O -rate O -and O -of O -left O -ventricular O -contractility O -resulting O -in O -cardiogenic O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -10 O -micron O -, O -high O -potency O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -with O -a O -substituted O -piperazine B-Chemical -side O -chain O -and O -also O -haloperidol B-Chemical -depress O -only O -the O -uptake O -of O -the O -cation O -and O -even O -stimulate O -the O -uptake O -of O -the O -anion O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -unspecific O -effects O -on O -seemingly O -unrelated O -transport O -systems O -at O -concentrations O -reached O -clinically O -in O -the O -CSF O -might O -explain O -some O -side O -actions O -of O -low O -potency O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -and O -antidepressants B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -positive O -cardiac O -chronotropic O -effects O -of O -the O -antiarrhythmic O -compound O -, O -QX O -572 O -, O -in O -anaesthetized O -cats O -has O -been O -shown O -mainly O -to O -be O -due O -to O -a O -release O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -from O -sympathetic O -nerve O -- O -endings O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -liver O -disease O -and O -aging O -on O -the O -disposition O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -chlordiazepoxide O -, O -oxazepam B-Chemical -and O -lorazepam B-Chemical -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -amounts O -of O -Digoxin B-Chemical -, O -Lasix O -, O -Teofyllamin O -and O -CI O -- O -775 O -were O -added O -to O -human O -blood O -in O -vitro O -and O -the O -whole O -blood O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -was O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Abnormalities O -in O -neurotransmitter O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -dominantly O -inherited O -cerebellar O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -Flies O -with O -mature O -infections O -were O -identified O -by O -the O -warm O -- O -slide O -probe O -method O -and O -phase B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -contrast I-Chemical -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Lack O -of O -effect O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -deficiency O -on O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -related I-Chemical -metabolic O -pathways O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -examination O -of O -neural O -lipids O -and O -separation O -and O -analysis O -of O -neural O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -failed O -to O -reveal O -the O -increased O -odd O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -characteristically O -seen O -in O -the O -B12 O -- O -deficient O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -Sphingolipid O -biosynthesis O -and O -vitamin B-Chemical -K I-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -Bacteroides O -melaninogenicus O -. O - -aps B-category -Current O -information O -is O -reviewed O -on O -the O -mechanism O -of O -secretion O -in O -small O -intestine O -, O -including O -how O -it O -is O -altered O -by O -cyclic O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -monophosphate O -and O -on O -the O -structures O -and O -properties O -of O -cholera O -and O -both O -heat O -- O -labile O -and O -heat O -- O -stable O -Escherichia O -coli O -enterotoxins O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -stimulation O -results O -from O -the O -A1 O -subunit O -catalyzed O -transfer O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -ribose O -from O -NAD O -to O -a O -membrane O -- O -bound O -guanosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -, O -thereby O -inhibiting O -the O -enzyme O -, O -which O -normally O -represses O -adenylate O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -received O -epidural O -anesthesia O -with O -2 O -per O -cent O -lidocaine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -epinephrine I-Chemical -, O -and O -20 O -patients O -were O -given O -general O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -differences O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -and O -acid O -- O -base O -balance O -in O -umbilical O -venous O -and O -arterial O -blood O -were O -demonstrated O -between O -the O -two O -sets O -of O -neonates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -changes O -in O -the O -maternal O -circulation O -following O -administration O -of O -ritodrine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -were O -investigated O -in O -chronically O -prepared O -pregnant O -sheep O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -ritodrine B-Chemical -infusion O -rates O -( O -see O -text O -) O -were O -increased O -there O -was O -a O -slight O -but O -significant O -decrease O -in O -uterine O -perfusion O -pressure O -, O -and O -an O -increase O -in O -uterine O -vascular O -resistance O -with O -uterine O -blood O -flow O -decreasing O -. O - -aps B-category -Different O -mechanisms O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -removal O -in O -stomach O -and O -duodenum O -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -carotene O -absorption O -in O -the O -unanesthetized O -rat O -was O -investigated O -by O -recirculating O -a O -micellar O -perfusate O -that O -contained O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carotene I-Chemical -through O -jejunal O -and O -ileal O -intestinal O -loops O -. O - -aps B-category -Increases O -in O -the O -perfusate O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentrations O -, O -additions O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -of O -varied O -chain O -lengths O -and O -degrees O -of O -saturation O -, O -and O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -perfusate O -flow O -rate O -caused O -higher O -rates O -of O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carotene I-Chemical -absorption O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -experiments O -indicate O -that O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carotene I-Chemical -absorption O -takes O -place O -by O -passive O -diffusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivative O -, O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -anxiety O -: O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -clinical O -evaluation O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -at O -an O -average O -daily O -dose O -of O -3 O -. O -2 O -mg O -twice O -daily O -, O -was O -highly O -effective O -in O -relieving O -anxiety O -as O -documented O -by O -clinically O -and O -statistically O -significant O -differences O -over O -placebo O -in O -most O -of O -the O -items O -on O -all O -rating O -scales O -at O -all O -rating O -periods O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -haemoglobin I-Chemical -complexes O -in O -acid O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Investigations O -carried O -out O -in O -volunteers O -showed O -that O -when O -compared O -with O -physiological O -saline O -the O -solubilizer O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -caused O -hyperventilation O -. O - -aps B-category -Benzyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -has O -local O -anesthetic O -properties O -and O -its O -action O -on O -respiration O -has O -never O -been O -examined O -up O -to O -now O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -solutions O -were O -given O -intravenously O -, O -the O -dose O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -was O -0 O -. O -35 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -that O -of O -benzyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -1 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -case O -of O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -Valium O -using O -ampoule O -solutions O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -in O -addition O -a O -second O -active O -substance O -are O -applicated O -. O - -aps B-category -Dose O -dependance O -of O -the O -effect O -and O -comparison O -with O -100 O -mg O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -About O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -of O -Lormetazepam O -are O -equivalent O -to O -100 O -mg O -of O -Pentobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -under O -normal O -conditions O -Leydig O -cells O -between O -the O -peripheral O -layers O -of O -the O -peritubular O -tissue O -were O -only O -occasionally O -met O -in O -a O -spindle O -- O -shaped O -variant O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -in O -six O -patients O -showed O -mean O -decreases O -in O -blood O -pressure O -of O -23 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -. O -0 O -per O -cent O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -SE O -) O -and O -in O -total O -peripheral O -resistance O -of O -38 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -per O -cent O -after O -infusion O -of O -mannitol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -not O -on O -bypass O -compensated O -for O -large O -decreases O -in O -total O -peripheral O -resistance O -by O -increases O -in O -cardiac O -output O -( O -3 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -. O -4 O -at O -baseline O -to O -4 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -. O -4 O -l O -/ O -min O -) O -during O -mannitol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hypotension O -with O -no O -change O -in O -heart O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -in O -18 O -rabbits O -showed O -that O -the O -greater O -the O -dose O -or O -rate O -of O -injection O -of O -mannitol B-Chemical -the O -greater O -the O -decrease O -in O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Antipsychotic O -neuroplegic O -and O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -the O -technique O -of O -the O -radio O -- O -immunological O -estimation O -with O -fentanyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -H3 I-Chemical -, O -a O -study O -was O -made O -in O -sixteen O -adults O -anaesthetised O -by O -the O -administration O -at O -a O -constant O -rate O -of O -alfadione O -and O -fentanyl B-Chemical -, O -of O -plasma O -concentrations O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -during O -and O -after O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maintenance O -dose O -was O -0 O -. O -147 O -ml O -/ O -kg O -/ O -hour O -of O -alfadione O -and O -2 O -. O -95 O -microgram O -/ O -hg O -/ O -hour O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -indicates O -that O -the O -administration O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -at O -a O -constant O -rate O -is O -not O -accompanied O -by O -a O -constant O -blood O -concentration O -up O -to O -the O -120th O -minute O -, O -the O -point O -at O -which O -the O -study O -was O -terminated O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Malignant O -syndrome O -caused O -by O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -( O -3 O -observations O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -etiology O -suggests O -that O -its O -occurence O -should O -increase O -with O -the O -growing O -use O -of O -very O -active O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -result O -, O -there O -is O -a O -hypoventilation O -of O -the O -lower O -lobes O -of O -the O -lungs O -and O -a O -shunt O -effect O -which O -lead B-Chemical -to O -hypoxaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -describe O -a O -simple O -method O -of O -fluorimetric O -estimation O -of O -atenolol B-Chemical -, O -applicable O -to O -blood O -and O -urine O -, O -sufficiently O -sensitive O -to O -permit O -a O -pharmacokinetic O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Responsiveness O -of O -the O -rabbit O -eye O -to O -adrenergic O -and O -cholinergic O -agonists O -after O -treatment O -with O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -or O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -para I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -: O -part O -II O -- O -- O -intraocular O -pressure O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -comparison O -, O -ocular O -tension O -in O -response O -to O -these O -same O -drugs O -has O -been O -measured O -after O -chronic O -treatment O -of O -rabbits O -with O -the O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -synthesis O -inhibitor O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -para I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Evaluation O -of O -the O -duration O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -on O -the O -product O -frequency O -x O -tension O -during O -exercise O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -four O -frequently O -used O -liver O -function O -tests O -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -bilirubin B-Chemical -, O -and O -albumin O -, O -only O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -was O -strongly O -affected O -by O -drinking O -habits O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -estimates O -have O -been O -made O -of O -the O -probabilities O -of O -heavy O -drinking O -from O -the O -results O -of O -the O -following O -tests O -: O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -, O -mean O -corpuscular O -volume O -, O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -triglyceride B-Chemical -, O -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -the O -red O -blood O -cell O -enzymes O -transketolase O -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -, O -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -transaminase O -, O -and O -their O -activation O -by O -the O -coenzymes O -thiamine B-Chemical -, O -riboflavin B-Chemical -, O -and O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -, O -the O -pyruvate B-Chemical -tolerance O -test O -, O -the O -leucocyte O -vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -concentration O -, O -and O -the O -activity O -in O -serum O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transferase O -were O -measured O -in O -a O -series O -of O -35 O -patients O -with O -alcohol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -related I-Chemical -illness O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -deficiency O -was O -23 O -% O -and O -of O -ascorbic O -acid O -deficiency O -91 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pyruvate B-Chemical -tolerance O -test O -was O -found O -to O -be O -a O -more O -sensitive O -test O -of O -thiamine B-Chemical -deficiency O -than O -the O -transketolase O -activation O -, O -and O -the O -activation O -of O -red O -blood O -cell O -aspartate B-Chemical -transaminase O -was O -found O -to O -be O -a O -poor O -indicator O -of O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -Virus O -infectivity O -was O -not O -restored O -from O -virus O -- O -apple O -juice O -complexes O -with O -gelatin O -, O -serum O -, O -Tween O -80 O -, O -or O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Xylanase O -A O -, O -one O -of O -several O -extracellular O -xylanases O -produced O -by O -Schizophyllum O -commune O -strain O -Delmar O -when O -grown O -in O -submerged O -culture O -with O -spruce O -sawdust O -as O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -, O -was O -purified O -43 O -- O -fold O -in O -25 O -% O -yield O -with O -respect O -to O -total O -xylanase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acid O -hydrolysate O -of O -xylanase O -A O -was O -rich O -in O -aspartic O -acid O -and O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -D O -. O -tertiolecta O -is O -attracted O -to O -ammonium B-Chemical -ion O -with O -a O -maximum O -positive O -response O -at O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -. O -Inclusion O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -in O -the O -chemotaxis O -medium O -stimulates O -algal O -chemoreception O -, O -although O -neither O -chemical O -is O -essential O -for O -motility O -. O - -aps B-category -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -196E O -added O -to O -a O -beef O -sausage O -containing O -starter O -culture O -and O -0 O -. O -5 O -to O -2 O -. O -0 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -incubated O -at O -35 O -degrees O -C O -was O -unable O -to O -grow O -when O -plated O -on O -tryptic O -soy O -agar O -( O -TSA O -) O -containing O -7 O -. O -5 O -% O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -starter O -culture O -, O -no O -injury O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Neutral O -and O -basic O -acids O -were O -relatively O -good O -eluents O -, O -whereas O -acidic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -organic O -acids O -were O -poor O -eluents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -production O -of O -a O -Bacillus O -cereus O -enterotoxin O -, O -measured O -as O -rabbit O -skin O -permeability O -factor O -( O -PF O -) O -, O -in O -response O -to O -differences O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -availability O -, O -pH O -, O -and O -dissolved O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -was O -studied O -in O -a O -1 O -- O -liter O -batch O -fermentor O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Differences O -in O -dissolved O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -affected O -both O -the O -maximum O -productivity O -early O -in O -the O -fermentation O -and O -the O -rate O -of O -its O -decrease O -as O -growth O -progressed O -. O - -aps B-category -Postexponential O -- O -phase O -loss O -of O -toxic O -activity O -coincided O -with O -a O -rapid O -increase O -in O -cellular O -oxygen B-Chemical -demand O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -PF O -loss O -was O -completely O -prevented O -by O -stringent O -oxygen B-Chemical -limitation O -. O - -aps B-category -Coupled O -oxidation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -with O -thiols B-Chemical -at O -neutral O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrostatic O -and O -conformational O -effects O -on O -the O -reaction O -of O -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -of O -calf O -thymus O -histone O -H3 O -with O -5 O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -dithiobis O -( O -2 O -- O -nitrobenzoic O -acid O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -delta8 O -- O -THC O -and O -delta9 O -- O -THC O -administered O -twice O -weekly O -for O -8 O -and O -12 O -weeks O -at O -doses O -of O -3 O -, O -10 O -, O -and O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -on O -murine O -hepatic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -these O -effects O -would O -be O -expected O -to O -be O -minor O -, O -on O -the O -one O -hand O -to O -conserve O -drug O -or O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -in O -facilitating O -drug O -elimination O -in O -cases O -of O -overdosage O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -rapid O -and O -sensitive O -radioreceptor O -assay O -for O -measuring O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -correlations O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -98 O -; O -P O -less O -than O -. O -001 O -) O -were O -obtained O -between O -the O -" O -diazepam B-Chemical -equivalents O -" O -measured O -in O -plasma O -with O -the O -radioreceptor O -assay O -and O -the O -levels O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -nordiazepam O -obtained O -by O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -sleep O -effects O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -on O -four O -normal O -subjects O -confirmed O -that O -this O -drug O -substantially O -suppresses O -both O -REM O -and O -stage O -4 O -sleep O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -general O -, O -the O -distortions O -in O -sleep O -EEG O -produced O -by O -flurazepam B-Chemical -qualitatively O -resemble O -, O -but O -are O -quantitatively O -greater O -than O -, O -those O -produced O -by O -barbiturates O -in O -equivalent O -hypnotic O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Analytical O -data O -of O -the O -new O -1 O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepine I-Chemical -clobazam O -( O -Frisium O -) O -and O -its O -main O -metabolite O -nor O -- O -clobazam O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -antagonists O -on O -post O -- O -trial O -epinephrine B-Chemical -modulation O -of O -memory O -: O -relationship O -to O -post O -- O -training O -brain O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -three O -forms O -of O -the O -enzyme O -were O -found O -to O -have O -almost O -identical O -pH O -optima O -( O -10 O -. O -7 O -- O -- O -10 O -. O -8 O -) O -, O -similar O -sensitivity O -to O -the O -uncompetitive O -inhibitors O -L O -- O -phenylalanine O -( O -70 O -% O -) O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -( O -30 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -identical O -Km O -values O -against O -p O -- O -nitrophenylphosphate O -, O -beta O -- O -glycerophosphate O -, O -and O -alpha O -- O -naphthylphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -specific O -dimerization O -of O -rabbit O -beta O -- O -globin O -messenger O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -By O -changing O -concentration O -and O -pH O -, O -it O -is O -indicated O -that O -in O -low B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -beta O -- O -globin O -mRNA O -adopts O -a O -conformation O -that O -leads O -to O -specific O -, O -but O -weak O -, O -self O -- O -dimerization O -during O -centrifugation O -in O -0 O -. O -1M B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NaCl I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -not O -activated O -by O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -instead O -a O -powerful O -inhibition O -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -ionized O -and O -total O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -serum O -and O -urine O -during O -open O -heart O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -Elevation O -of O -plasma O -levels O -of O -lysosomal O -enzymes O -during O -treatment O -with O -rifampicin B-Chemical -and O -isoniazid B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -kinetic O -study O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -and O -pH O -on O -ascorbate O -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -studies O -of O -18O O -exchange O -from O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -catalyzed O -by O -Mg2 O -+ O -- O -activated O -unadenylylated O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -E O -. O -coli O -w O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -endogenous O -catecholamine B-Chemical -and O -pure O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -stimulation O -on O -myocardial O -glycogenolysis O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -and O -distribution O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -effect O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -exercise O -tolerance O -in O -patients O -with O -angina O -pectoris O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -the O -uptake O -and O -efflux O -of O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -O I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -in O -sporidia O -of O -Ustilago O -maydis O -were O -measured O -, O -both O -in O -active O -cells O -and O -in O -cells O -whose O -metabolic O -activity O -had O -been O -inhibited O -by O -azide O -and O -iodoacetate O -. O - -aps B-category -Inactivation O -of O -the O -ribosomal O -protein O -S1 O -in O -polyuridylate O -binding O -by O -reductive O -methylation O -of O -the O -lysyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ammonium I-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -microfluorometric O -method O -, O -which O -is O -particularly O -useful O -for O -initial O -velocity O -measurements O -, O -has O -been O -used O -to O -characterize O -this O -proteolytic O -activity O -, O -either O -bound O -to O -DNA O -or O -solubilized O -by O -salt B-Chemical -extraction O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -enzyme O -- O -bound O -valyl O -adenylate O -, O -formation O -of O -ESer O -( O -Ser O -- O -AMP O -) O -is O -very O -sensitive O -to O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Delta14 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sterol I-Chemical -reductase O -in O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proton O -transport O -coupled O -with O -the O -DCMU O -- O -insensitive O -oxygen B-Chemical -evolution O -mediated O -by O -K3 O -[ O -Fe O -( O -CN O -) O -6 O -] O -in O -trypsin O -- O -treated O -chloroplasts O -( O -Renger O -, O -G O -. O -( O -1976 O -) O -FEBS O -Lett O -. O - -aps B-category -Bovine O -milk O -was O -found O -to O -contain O -, O -in O -soluble O -form O -, O -an O -enzyme O -which O -transfers O -galactose B-Chemical -from O -UDPgalactose O -to O -glucosylceramide O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -characterisation O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -endoperoxide O -D O -- O -isomerase O -, O -a O -cytoplasmic O -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -requiring I-Chemical -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Participation O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -, O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -and O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -radicals O -in O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -P O -- O -450 O -reductase O -- O -catalyzed O -peroxidation O -of O -methyl O -linolenate O -. O - -aps B-category -H2O2 B-Chemical -is O -shown O -to O -be O -generated O -in O -the O -incubation O -mixture O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -P O -- O -450 O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -enzyme O -and O -Fe O -- O -EDTA O -complex O -, O -added O -H2O2 B-Chemical -is O -consumed O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -H2O2 B-Chemical -produced O -from O -O O -- O -2 O -is O -decomposed O -to O -form O -OH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heat O -stability O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -studied O -and O -the O -addition O -of O -0 O -. O -75 O -M O -KCl O -, O -0 O -. O -8 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -and O -5 O -mM O -NADPH B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -inactivation O -of O -the O -purified O -reductase O -associated O -with O -heat O -treatment O -at O -65 O -degrees O -C O -. O -At O -37 O -degrees O -C O -, O -0 O -. O -8 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -enhanced O -the O -purified O -reductase O -activity O -by O -100 O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -20 O -) O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -C O -- O -terminal O -region O -shows O -a O -steeper O -temperature O -dependence O -of O -its O -unfolding O -than O -does O -the O -main O -transition O -, O -which O -itself O -is O -shown O -to O -lead B-Chemical -at O -all O -pH O -values O -to O -a O -semi O -- O -structured O -but O -internally O -flexible O -state O -which O -is O -far O -from O -being O -truly O -random O -- O -coil O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Electrophoretic O -analysis O -of O -substrate O -specificity O -of O -wheat O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -20 O -degrees O -C O -, O -in O -a O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -pH O -5 O -, O -8 O -- O -- O -8 O -, O -0 O -, O -methanol O -and O -aniline O -interactions O -with O -hemoglobin O -and O -cytochrome O -c O -were O -studied O -using O -the O -difference O -spectrophotometry O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrosourea I-Chemical -is O -metabolised O -by O -mouse O -liver O -microsomes O -yielding O -highly O -reactive O -product O -( O -s O -) O -capable O -of O -alkylating O -cellular O -macromolecules O -. O - -aps B-category -Thermostability O -of O -horseradish O -peroxidase O -modified O -by O -acetic O -, O -propionic O -, O -butyric O -, O -valeric O -and O -succinic O -anhydrides O -and O -trinitrobenzolsulfonic O -acid O -( O -TNBS O -) O -is O -studied O -within O -the O -temperature O -range O -of O -56 O -- O -80 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Acylation O -of O -4 O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -and O -arylation O -of O -3 O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -with O -TNBS O -are O -found O -to O -stabilize O -the O -enzyme O -, O -while O -modification O -of O -6 O -groups O -decreases O -the O -enzyme O -stability O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -its O -derivatives O -on O -systems O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -excretion O -in O -the O -yeast O -Pichia O -guilliermondii O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -decreased O -also O -the O -initial O -uptake O -rate O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -analogue O -, O -8 O -- O -piperidyl O -- O -10 O -- O -( O -1 O -' O -- O -D O -- O -galactityl O -) O -isoalloxazine O -; O -the O -inhibition O -having O -a O -competitive O -character O -( O -Ki O -= O -= O -5 O -, O -7 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -preloaded O -with O -riboflavin B-Chemical -and O -transferred O -into O -riboflavin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -medium O -excreted O -vitamin O -B2 O -into O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -riboflavin B-Chemical -, O -8 O -- O -piperidyl O -- O -10 O -- O -( O -1 O -' O -- O -D O -- O -galactityl O -) O -isoalloxazine O -was O -not O -excreted O -into O -the O -medium O -even O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -seems O -that O -the O -exit O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -from O -the O -cells O -is O -accomplished O -by O -energy O -- O -dependent O -specific O -system O -of O -excretion O -( O -excretase O -) O -which O -in O -some O -properties O -is O -different O -from O -that O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -permease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -the O -alcohols O -with O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -pH O -= O -6 O -, O -0 O -in O -the O -detergents O -absence O -is O -characterized O -by O -one O -dissociation O -constant O -for O -MeOH O -, O -EtOH O -, O -n O -- O -BuOH O -and O -cyclohexanol O -and O -by O -two O -dissociation O -constants O -for O -i O -- O -PrOH O -, O -i O -- O -BuOH O -and O -tert O -. O -- O -BuOH O -. O - -aps B-category -Feeding O -techniques O -, O -delayed O -gastric O -emptying O -, O -volume O -overload O -, O -or O -reverse O -peristalsis O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -regurgitation O -and O -aspiration O -in O -the O -premature O -infant O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cardiovascular O -responses O -of O -the O -neonatal O -and O -adult O -sheep O -to O -autonomic O -agonists O -and O -antagonists O -were O -studied O -in O -the O -resting O -state O -and O -following O -adrenergic O -neuronal O -depletion O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Unusual O -finding O -was O -a O -marked O -supersensitivity O -of O -the O -heart O -and O -peripheral O -circulation O -to O -cholinergic O -receptor O -blockade O -with O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -the O -mechanisms O -of O -which O -are O -as O -yet O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymes O -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -TO O -) O -system O -of O -rat O -liver O -were O -measured O -during O -pre O -- O -and O -postnatal O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -capacity O -of O -the O -fetal O -renal O -carbonic O -enzyme O -to O -facilitate O -the O -renal O -reabsorption O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -8 O -long O -- O -term O -fetal O -lamb O -preparations O -( O -103 O -- O -124 O -days O -of O -gestation O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -increases O -in O -fetal O -urinary O -pH O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -and O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -and O -total O -cation O -( O -Na O -+ O -+ O -K O -+ O -) O -were O -observed O -after O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -quantitation O -of O -carbamino O -adduct O -formation O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -and O -bradykinin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -constants O -the O -variation O -of O -carbamino O -adduct O -formation O -has O -been O -calculated O -over O -the O -pH O -range O -6 O -. O -60 O -- O -- O -8 O -. O -00 O -with O -variable O -PCO2 O -, O -and O -the O -results O -are O -superimposed O -upon O -standard O -pH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -diagrams O -. O - -aps B-category -Adduct O -formation O -to O -hormone O -may O -alter O -the O -biological O -effect O -of O -the O -hormone O -( O -a O -) O -by O -limiting O -proteolysis O -, O -particularly O -at O -the O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -terminal I-Chemical -, O -( O -b O -) O -by O -altering O -hormone O -binding O -affinity O -to O -specific O -receptors O -, O -or O -( O -c O -) O -by O -converting O -the O -hormone O -to O -an O -antagonist O -which O -binds O -to O -receptor O -but O -does O -not O -activate O -subsequent O -metabolic O -events O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -findings O -that O -hemoglobin O -S O -gelation O -and O -sickling O -are O -pH O -- O -dependent O -and O -also O -influence O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -suggested O -that O -the O -red O -cells O -containing O -this O -hemoglobin O -variant O -might O -show O -an O -abnormal O -Bohr O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -a O -drop O -in O -SS O -blood O -pH O -below O -7 O -. O -4 O -in O -tissue O -capillaries O -yields O -twice O -the O -normal O -decrease O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -and O -a O -large O -release O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -from O -red O -cells O -, O -whose O -risk O -of O -sickling O -is O -high O -. O - -aps B-category -Differentiation O -of O -the O -roles O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -- O -and O -H2 O -- O -receptors O -in O -the O -mediation O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -isolated O -working O -heart O -of O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -Histamine B-Chemical -over O -the O -dose O -range O -10 O -( O -- O -9 O -) O -mol O -to O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -mol O -produced O -dose O -- O -related O -increases O -in O -sinus O -rate O -, O -left O -intraventricular O -pressure O -( O -LVP O -) O -max O -, O -LVdP O -/ O -dtmax O -, O -coronary O -flow O -, O -aortic O -flow O -, O -total O -cardiac O -output O -and O -external O -pressure O -- O -volume O -work O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -2 O -- O -Pyridylethylamine O -, O -a O -selective O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -- O -receptor O -agonist O -, O -had O -little O -effect O -on O -cardiac O -function O -unless O -large O -doses O -were O -administered O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -a O -decrease O -in O -all O -parameters O -with O -the O -exception O -of O -sinus O -rate O -was O -observed O -with O -both O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -2 O -- O -pyridylethylamine O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -depressant O -effects O -observed O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -2 O -- O -pyridylethylamine O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -were O -antagonized O -by O -mepyramine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolism O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -and O -beta O -- O -phenylethylamine O -in O -perfused O -rat O -lung O -and O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -perfused O -lungs O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -metabolism O -had O -an O -apparent O -Km O -of O -2 O -microgram O -and O -PHE O -metaoblism O -a O -Km O -of O -54 O -microgram O -, O -whereas O -in O -vitro O -the O -Km O -values O -were O -330 O -microgram O -and O -28 O -microgram O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -These O -results O -show O -that O -PHE O -metabolism O -in O -perfused O -lung O -, O -unlike O -that O -of O -other O -metabolized O -amines B-Chemical -, O -is O -not O -limited O -by O -transport O -and O -the O -transport O -process O -for O -PHE O -is O -unlike O -that O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -or O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -effects O -on O -pulmonary O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthesis O -of O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -and O -oedema O -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -Neither O -pulmonary O -hypertension O -nor O -subsequent O -oedema O -caused O -release O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -into O -the O -venous O -effluent O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -metoprolol B-Chemical -also O -lowered O -the O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -of O -isolated O -rats O -but O -only O -when O -a O -larger O -dose O -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -was O -given O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sites O -of O -action O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -in O -nerve O -- O -muscle O -preparations O -from O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -small O -intestine O -and O -colon O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanical O -records O -were O -taken O -from O -the O -longitudinal O -muscle O -of O -the O -ileum O -and O -proximal O -colon O -and O -from O -the O -circular O -muscle O -of O -the O -ileum O -and O -distal O -colon O -. O -2 O -In O -order O -to O -examine O -direct O -actions O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -nerve O -- O -mediated O -responses O -were O -blocked O -with O -tetrodotoxin O -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -direct O -actions O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -on O -intestinal O -muscle O -were O -blocked O -by O -methysergide B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -) O -, O -which O -itself O -did O -not O -affect O -nerve O -- O -mediated O -responses O -. O -3 O -Excitatory O -cholinergic O -nerves O -and O -excitatory O -and O -inhibitory O -nerves O -which O -released O -unidentified O -substances O -were O -all O -stimulated O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Responses O -returned O -promptly O -after O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -was O -washed O -from O -the O -organ O -bath O -. O -5 O -While O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -blocked O -its O -own O -action O -on O -neural O -receptors O -, O -it O -did O -not O -antagonize O -the O -stimulation O -of O -nicotinic O -receptors O -on O -cholinergic O -neurones O -by O -1 O -- O -1 O -dimethyl O -- O -4 O -- O -phenylpiperazinium O -iodide O -( O -DMPP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -tubocurarine O -, O -another O -nicotinic O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -was O -effective O -in O -reducing O -contractions O -caused O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -. O -6 O -Phenyldiguanide O -, O -which O -has O -been O -reported O -to O -antagonize O -the O -stimulant O -action O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -on O -cholinergic O -neurones O -in O -the O -mouse O -small O -intestine O -, O -did O -not O -cause O -any O -significant O -reduction O -in O -the O -action O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -on O -cholinergic O -neurones O -in O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileum O -unless O -a O -concentration O -of O -1 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -was O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Antagonism O -of O -the O -action O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -at O -neural O -receptors O -by O -bromolysergic O -acid O -and O -by O -tryptamine O -was O -found O -but O -it O -was O -not O -specific O -, O -these O -drugs O -causing O -comparable O -decreases O -in O -responses O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -carbachol B-Chemical -and O -DMPP O -. O -7 O -The O -present O -results O -, O -which O -show O -that O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -has O -little O -or O -no O -direct O -effect O -on O -the O -circular O -muscle O -of O -the O -ileum O -and O -colon O -, O -imply O -that O -, O -if O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -is O -a O -transmitter O -in O -enteric O -reflexes O -, O -it O -must O -be O -released O -from O -interneurones O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -- O -blind O -controlled O -therapeutic O -trial O -of O -factorial O -design O -was O -used O -to O -study O -the O -therapeutic O -effects O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -hyoscine B-Chemical -butylbromide O -, O -and O -ispaghula O -husk O -in O -12 O -randomised O -blocks O -of O -eight O -patients O -with O -the O -irritable O -bowel O -syndrome O -( O -IBS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Veratridine O -increased O -and O -tetrodotoxin O -decreased O -the O -rate O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -- B-Chemical -dopamine I-Chemical -synthesized O -by O -aggregates O -derived O -from O -midbrain O -plus O -hindbrain O -. O - -aps B-category -Tetrodotoxin O -( O -5 O -micronM O -) O -present O -during O -the O -chase O -significantly O -increased O -the O -amounts O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -dopamine B-Chemical -recovered O -from O -the O -aggregates O -. O - -aps B-category -Presence O -in O -human O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -esterifying O -enzyme O -utilizing O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -Ca2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Composition O -and O -solubility O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphates O -. O - -aps B-category -Midazolam B-Chemical -compared O -with O -thiopentone B-Chemical -as O -a O -hypnotic O -component O -in O -balanced O -anaesthesia O -: O -a O -randomized O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -investigation O -was O -designed O -in O -a O -prospective O -double O -- O -blind O -fashion O -to O -compare O -midazolam B-Chemical -with O -thiopentone B-Chemical -as O -hypnotic O -components O -in O -balanced O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -maintenance O -of O -anaesthesia O -was O -superior O -with O -midazolam B-Chemical -, O -requiring O -fewer O -supplemental O -anaesthetic O -drugs O -, O -having O -better O -patient O -acceptance O -and O -providing O -more O -amnesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Midazolam B-Chemical -is O -a O -new O -drug O -with O -potential O -both O -for O -induction O -of O -anaesthesia O -and O -maintenance O -of O -balanced O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucocorticoid O -receptors O -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -leukemic O -Sézary O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Variations O -of O -mammary O -LPL O -activity O -and O -of O -long O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -secretion O -were O -positively O -highly O -correlated O -during O -that O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemodynamic O -responses O -of O -the O -sheep O -fetus O -to O -vasopressin B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -the O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -H1 O -or O -H2 O -blockers O -on O -the O -diameter O -of O -pial O -arteries O -( O -39 O -- O -227 O -micron O -) O -using O -microapplication O -into O -the O -perivascular O -space O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -- O -response O -curve O -for O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -only O -slightly O -displaced O -by O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -mepyramine O -but O -was O -significantly O -shifted O -to O -the O -right O -by O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -are O -in O -accordance O -with O -a O -selective O -antagonism O -between O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -cimetidine B-Chemical -at O -the O -H2 O -receptors O -of O -smooth O -muscle O -cells O -of O -pial O -arteries O -. O - -aps B-category -Assessment O -of O -interaction O -of O -hormones O -and O -neurotransmitters O -with O -their O -cell O -- O -surface O -receptors O -can O -lead B-Chemical -to O -an O -understanding O -of O -the O -molecular O -mechanisms O -that O -underlie O -diseases O -in O -man O -involving O -resistance O -and O -supersensitivity O -to O -these O -humoral O -agents O -and O -to O -pharmacological O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Automated O -enzymatic O -assay O -for O -plasma O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -assay O -requires O -a O -sample O -volume O -of O -500 O -muL O -for O -a O -kinetic O -ammonia B-Chemical -measurement O -. O - -aps B-category -Linearity O -to O -1000 O -mumol O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -per O -liter O -of O -plasma O -has O -been O -achieved O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -the O -coenzyme O -NADPH B-Chemical -( O -instead O -of O -NADH O -) O -in O -this O -aca O -procedure O -eliminates O -the O -lengthy O -pre O -- O -incubation O -otherwise O -required O -for O -endogenous O -dehydrogenase O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -the O -catalytic O -hydrolysis O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -by O -human O -liver O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -[ O -( O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -) O -- O -peptide O -: O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -. O -2 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetically O -, O -the O -liver O -enzyme O -is O -similar O -to O -human O -kidney O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -: O -their O -respective O -Km O -values O -with O -glutathione B-Chemical -as O -substrate O -are O -similar O -( O -0 O -. O -096 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -mol O -/ O -L O -and O -0 O -. O -097 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -mol O -/ O -L O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -heat O -precipitability O -or O -reduced O -human O -hemoglobins O -in O -alkaline O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -conditions O -of O -pH O -and O -urea B-Chemical -concentration O -affording O -precipitation O -of O -hemoglobin O -S O -approximated O -those O -observed O -for O -hemoglobin O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rapid O -, O -sensitive O -and O -reliable O -method O -to O -measure O -lactate B-Chemical -in O -blood O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -product O -, O -NADH O -, O -is O -then O -oxidized O -by O -molecular O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -carried O -in O -the O -buffered O -reagent O -medium O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -horeseradish O -peroxidase O -and O -other O -cofactors O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -deficiency O -in O -Sicily O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intrinsic O -sympathomimetic O -activity O -of O -a O -range O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonists O -and O -its O -relationship O -to O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -was O -studied O -in O -pentobarbitone O -- O -anaesthetized O -, O -vagotomized O -rats O -which O -had O -been O -depleted O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -by O -pretreatment O -with O -syrosingopine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -between O -the O -dose O -requirements O -for O -this O -intrinsic O -sympathomimetic O -activity O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -- O -blocking O -activity O -was O -not O -the O -same O -for O -all O -drugs O -: O -( O -i O -) O -dichlorisoprenaline O -and O -practolol O -had O -intrinsic O -activity O -at O -all O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -- O -blocking O -doses O -; O -and O -( O -ii O -) O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -pindolol B-Chemical -and O -acebutolol O -had O -predominantly O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -at O -the O -lower O -dose O -levels O -and O -agonist O -activity O -only O -became O -significant O -at O -high O -doses O -relative O -to O -those O -producing O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -atenolol B-Chemical -( O -ICI O -66 O -, O -082 O -) O -, O -practolol O -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -on O -heart O -rate O -and O -maximal O -left O -ventricular O -dp O -/ O -dt O -, O -atrioventricular O -conduction O -time O -, O -mean O -aortic O -flow O -and O -diastolic O -blood O -pressure O -during O -cardiac O -pacing O -were O -investigated O -over O -a O -wide O -dose O -range O -( O -0 O -. O -025 O -- O -4 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -had O -no O -further O -effect O -in O -dogs O -pretreated O -with O -atenolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequent O -administration O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -still O -had O -some O -depressant O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -however O -, O -the O -influence O -of O -intrinsic O -activity O -is O -observed O -only O -in O -high O -doses O -related O -to O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -Close O -agreement O -between O -the O -theoretical O -mathematical O -models O -and O -the O -experimental O -data O -can O -be O -demonstrated O -by O -statistical O -fitting O -for O -certain O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonists O -( O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -dichlorisoprenaline O -, O -practolol O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -in O -the O -rat O -on O -the O -haemodynamic O -overshoot O -response O -to O -withdrawal O -of O -guanfacine O -or O -clonidine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Overshoots O -in O -systolic O -and O -diastolic O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -, O -reaching O -peak O -values O -as O -soon O -as O -16 O -h O -after O -the O -last O -injection O -, O -occurred O -in O -all O -rats O -withdrawn O -from O -guanfacine O -or O -clonidine B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -but O -in O -no O -control O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dosages O -and O -duration O -of O -treatments O -used O -in O -these O -experiments O -thus O -did O -not O -influence O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -haemodynamic O -overshoots O -provoked O -by O -withdrawal O -of O -guanfacine O -or O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebrospinal O -fluid O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -pH O -in O -patients O -with O -acute O -severe O -head O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -showed O -that O -a O -high O -CSF O -lactate B-Chemical -level O -in O -patients O -with O -severe O -acute O -brain O -injury O -suggested O -severe O -and O -extensive O -brain O -lesions O -and O -predicted O -a O -poor O -outcome O -of O -the O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -Correlation O -was O -not O -observed O -between O -CSF O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -rCBF O -or O -between O -CSF O -pH O -and O -rCBF O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -clearance O -studies O -were O -performed O -in O -normal O -subjects O -to O -assess O -the O -actions O -of O -the O -new O -diuretic B-Chemical -, O -piretanide O -, O -on O -renal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -excretion O -, O -as O -well O -as O -that O -of O -titratable O -acid O -and O -ammonium B-Chemical -, O -was O -increased O -approximately O -proportionately O -so O -that O -there O -was O -no O -increase O -in O -urinary O -pH O -or O -net O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Piretanide O -increased O -calcium B-Chemical -excretion O -by O -approximately O -19 O -% O -of O -filtered O -load O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -35 O -untreated O -patients O -it O -was O -found O -that O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -activity O -was O -maximal O -at O -a O -mean O -time O -of O -21 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -3 O -h O -after O -the O -onset O -of O -chest O -pain O -, O -whereas O -in O -the O -patients O -receiving O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -- O -blocking O -drugs O -peak O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -occurred O -at O -24 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -h O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -family O -( O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -octopamine O -, O -tyramine O -, O -phenylethanolamine O -and O -phenylethylamine O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nature O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contractures O -in O -the O -anterior O -byssal O -retractor O -muscle O -of O -Mytilus O -edulis O -. O - -aps B-category -Penetrable O -and O -impenetrable O -anions O -into O -the O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -activated I-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -channel O -on O -the O -postsynaptic O -neuromembrane O -of O -an O -identifiable O -giant O -neurone O -of O -an O -African O -giant O -snail O -( O -Achatina O -fulica O -Férussac O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -hepatic O -mixed O -- O -function O -oxidase O -( O -MFO O -) O -enzymes O -in O -trout O -( O -Salvelinus O -fontinalis O -) O -by O -feeding O -Aroclor O -1254 O -or O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -monoamines B-Chemical -on O -tarantula O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Species O -differences O -in O -catecholamine B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -storage O -, O -cyclic O -AMP O -levels O -and O -adenyl O -cyclase O -activity O -in O -heart O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Modification O -of O -K O -+ O -- O -induced O -ciliary O -reversal O -by O -temperature O -and O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -and O -quinine B-Chemical -on O -calcium B-Chemical -efflux O -and O -cyclic O -AMP O -levels O -in O -bovine O -ileal O -smooth O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -nickel O -was O -released O -from O -aluminium B-Chemical -, O -teflon O -and O -enamel O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Disruption O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -induction O -by O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -in O -the O -livers O -of O -mice O -which O -had O -received O -o O -- O -aminoazotoluene O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolites O -of O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -methylenedioxyamphetamine O -in O -the O -urine O -of O -dogs O -and O -monkeys O -were O -separated O -by O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -as O -their O -trifluoroacetyl B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -n O -- O -butyl O -ether B-Chemical -derivatives O -and O -identified O -by O -comparison O -of O -the O -chromatographic O -and O -mass O -spectrometric O -behavior O -of O -these O -derivatives O -with O -those O -of O -synthetic O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -monkey O -urine O -also O -contained O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -methylenedioxybenzyl O -methyl O -ketone B-Chemical -and O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -methylenedioxybenzoic O -acid O -present O -as O -a O -glucuronide O -and O -/ O -or O -sulfate O -conjugate O -, O -whereas O -the O -dog O -urine O -had O -3 O -- O -methoxy O -- O -4 O -- O -hydroxybenzoic O -acid O -present O -as O -a O -conjugate O -other O -than O -glucuronide O -and O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -O O -- O -demethylation O -was O -maximal O -at O -0 O -. O -4 O -mM O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -succinimidoethyl O -and O -pivaloyloxyethyl O -esters O -as O -progenitors O -of O -methyldopa B-Chemical -in O -man O -, O -rhesus O -monkey O -, O -dog O -, O -and O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolism O -of O -these O -progenitors O -appeared O -to O -be O -comparable O -in O -the O -SH O -rat O -; O -the O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -methyldopa B-Chemical -was O -similar O -after O -oral O -administration O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -Sm O -or O -[ O -3H O -] O -P O -. O -In O -humans O -the O -levels O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -methyldopa B-Chemical -were O -higher O -in O -the O -urine O -following O -administration O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -P O -. O -Apparently O -Sm O -was O -more O -resistant O -than O -P O -to O -extrahepatic O -esterase O -action O -in O -man O -( O -and O -dog O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absorption O -, O -distribution O -, O -and O -excretion O -in O -mice O -of O -the O -antimalarial O -mefloquine B-Chemical -, O -erythro O -- O -2 O -, O -8 O -- O -bis O -( O -trifluoromethyl O -) O -- O -alpha O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -piperidyl O -) O -- O -4 O -- O -quinolinemethanol O -hydrochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -N O -- O -oxidation O -of O -PPP O -was O -also O -demonstrated O -in O -vitro O -with O -9000 O -g O -supernatant O -fraction O -of O -rat O -liver O -fortified O -with O -an O -NADPH B-Chemical -generating O -system O -, O -and O -this O -reaction O -was O -inducible O -by O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -, O -indicating O -that O -it O -is O -mediated O -by O -the O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -mixed O -- O -function O -oxidase O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -novel O -, O -neutral O -metabolite O -of O -erythromycin B-Chemical -was O -isolated O -from O -the O -urine O -of O -a O -patient O -treated O -with O -erythromycin B-Chemical -ethyl O -succinate O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -by O -gas O -chromatography O -- O -mass O -spectrometry O -indicated O -that O -the O -labeled O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -oxygen B-Chemical -of O -isoborneol O -is O -retained O -during O -both O -conjugation O -and O -hydrolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -three O -hours O -study O -of O -the O -response O -of O -plasma O -corticosterone B-Chemical -and O -of O -three O -liver O -enzymes O -in O -rats O -subjected O -to O -stress O -in O -the O -late O -afternoon O -or O -during O -the O -morning O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -the O -response O -to O -0 O -. O -05 O -mg O -ACTH B-Chemical -i O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -Higher O -afternoon O -activity O -of O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -TAT O -) O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -pyrrolase O -( O -TP O -) O -was O -observed O -in O -spite O -of O -fasting O -from O -8 O -a O -. O -m O -. O -imposed O -to O -the O -animals O -taking O -part O -in O -the O -afternoon O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -( O -TMP O -) O -- O -- O -a O -diamino O -benzylpyrimidine O -compound O -which O -binds O -very O -tightly O -the O -bacterial O -dihydrofolate O -reductase O -- O -- O -was O -accompanied O -by O -the O -appearance O -of O -measurable O -levels O -of O -dihydrofolate O -reductase O -in O -peripheral O -leukocytes O -from O -patients O -with O -nonhematological O -diseases O -. O - -aps B-category -Dihydrofolate O -reductases O -, O -partially O -purified O -from O -leukocytes O -of O -patients O -treated O -with O -TMP O -, O -bone O -marrow O -and O -leukemic O -leukocytes O -, O -had O -simila O -molecular O -weights O -, O -pH O -optima O -, O -Ki O -of O -inhibitor O -( O -methotrexate B-Chemical -) O -; O -they O -were O -stimulated O -to O -the O -same O -degree O -by O -KCl O -and O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -gradient O -- O -dependent O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -gradient O -- O -independent O -phosphorylation O -of O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -by O -orthophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphorylation O -of O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -transport I-Chemical -ATPase O -of O -skeletal O -muscle O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -by O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -investigated O -in O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -phosphoprotein O -formation O -independent O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -gradient O -at O -20 O -degrees O -C O -and O -pH O -6 O -. O -2 O -is O -in O -the O -range O -of O -3 O -. O -6 O -- O -- O -4 O -nmol O -/ O -mg O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphoprotein O -formation O -independent O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -gradient O -is O -in O -accordance O -with O -a O -model O -which O -assumes O -, O -firstly O -, O -the O -formation O -of O -a O -ternary O -complex O -of O -the O -ATPase O -protein O -with O -orthophosphate O -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -( O -E O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -inactivation O -of O -microtubule O -formation O -in O -brain O -extracts O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -brain O -extracts O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -1 O -mM O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -results O -in O -the O -permanent O -loss O -of O -tubulin O -polymerization O -, O -even O -after O -later O -addition O -of O -ethyleneglycol O -- O -bis O -( O -beta O -- O -aminoethyl O -) O -- O -N O -, O -N O -, O -N O -' O -, O -N O -' O -- O -tetraacetic O -acid O -( O -EGTA O -) O -, O -when O -assembly O -conditions O -are O -chosen O -which O -rely O -on O -the O -presence O -of O -microtubule O -- O -associated O -proteins O -( O -such O -as O -MAP1 O -and O -MAP2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -purified O -protein O -MAP2 O -after O -chelation O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -by O -EGTA O -, O -immediately O -restores O -microtubule O -assembly O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -proteolytic O -action O -of O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -protease O -is O -specific O -for O -high O -- O -molecular O -- O -weight O -microtubule O -- O -associated O -proteins O -and O -not O -tubulin O -itself O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -the O -purified O -enzyme O -showed O -a O -single O -protein O -band O -corresponding O -to O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -about O -45000 O -. O - -aps B-category -GDP O -binding O -activity O -of O -T O -. O -thermophilus O -EF O -- O -Tu O -was O -also O -stable O -in O -various O -protein O -denaturants O -, O -such O -as O -5 O -. O -5 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -, O -1 O -. O -5 O -M O -guanidine O -- O -HCl O -, O -and O -4 O -M O -LiCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -E O -. O -coli O -EF O -- O -Tu O -, O -T O -. O -thermophilus O -EF O -- O -Tu O -contained O -no O -free O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -, O -but O -one O -disulfide O -bond O -. O - -aps B-category -T O -. O -thermophilus O -EF O -- O -Ts O -contained O -, O -in O -addition O -to O -one O -disulfide O -bond O -, O -a O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -which O -could O -be O -titrated O -only O -after O -complete O -denaturation O -of O -the O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -appears O -to O -be O -essential O -for O -interaction O -with O -ribosomes O -, O -whereas O -the O -ability O -to O -form O -a O -binary O -GDP O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -terfenadine B-Chemical -and O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -alone O -or O -in O -combination O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -or O -alcohol B-Chemical -on O -psychomotor O -performance O -and O -subjective O -feelings O -. O - -aps B-category -Terfenadine B-Chemical -60 O -, O -120 O -and O -240 O -mg O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -psychomotor O -skills O -and O -subjective O -feelings O -, O -whereas O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -100 O -mg O -slightly O -impaired O -certain O -features O -of O -psychomotor O -performance O -and O -severely O -worsened O -subjective O -feelings O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -100 O -mg O -significantly O -enhanced O -these O -effects O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulating O -effects O -of O -elevated O -medium O -pH O -and O -androgen B-Chemical -on O -in O -vitro O -transport O -of O -p O -- O -aminohippurate O -and O -N O -- O -methylnicotinamide O -( O -NMN O -) O -were O -additive O -, O -although O -the O -androgenic O -effect O -was O -pH O -- O -dependent O -only O -in O -the O -case O -of O -NMN O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -B6 I-Chemical -deficiency O -on O -the O -crosslink O -formation O -of O -collagen O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -proton I-Chemical -exchange O -in O -cardiac O -and O -liver O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -it O -cannot O -yet O -be O -concluded O -that O -impairments O -of O -hypothalamic O -catecholamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -are O -the O -primary O -cause O -for O -the O -loss O -of O -regular O -cycles O -. O - -aps B-category -Consumption O -coagulopathy O -associated O -with O -intrauterine O -fetal O -death O -: O -the O -role O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -serial O -fibrinogen O -levels O -fell O -below O -100 O -mg O -% O -and O -the O -prothrombin O -time O -was O -significantly O -prolonged O -, O -intravenously O -injected O -heparin B-Chemical -corrected O -hypofibrinogenemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -emphasize O -the O -infrequent O -need O -for O -heparin B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -the O -majority O -of O -cases O -of O -the O -intrauterine O -fetal O -death O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Treating O -dysmenorrhea O -with O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -agents O -: O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -with O -naproxen B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -women O -were O -divided O -into O -two O -groups O -: O -15 O -women O -were O -given O -naproxen B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -( O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -salt B-Chemical -of O -d O -- O -2 O -- O -( O -6 O -- O -methoxy O -- O -2 O -- O -naphthyl O -) O -propionic O -acid O -) O -and O -17 O -women O -received O -placebo O -tablets O -. O - -aps B-category -Collagenolytic O -activity O -and O -steroid B-Chemical -levels O -after O -administration O -of O -dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -changes O -in O -estriol O -, O -17beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -levels O -in O -the O -serum O -, O -the O -uterine O -cervix O -and O -the O -myometrium O -of O -the O -placenta O -- O -implanting O -site O -were O -then O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increases O -of O -17beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -in O -the O -serum O -and O -the O -portio O -vaginalis O -of O -the O -same O -patient O -were O -well O -correlated O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -79898 O -) O -, O -but O -the O -percentage O -of O -increase O -was O -much O -higher O -in O -the O -portio O -vaginalis O -than O -in O -the O -serum O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Midtrimester O -abortion O -with O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -and O -hypertonic O -saline O -- O -- O -a O -comparative O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -there O -was O -no O -method O -failure O -among O -the O -group O -treated O -with O -saline O -, O -ten O -method O -failures O -were O -reported O -for O -patients O -treated O -with O -the O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -oxytocin B-Chemical -after O -fetal O -expulsion O -did O -not O -reduce O -the O -rate O -of O -incomplete O -abortion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -gastrointestinal O -side O -effects O -and O -excessive O -bleeding O -( O -less O -than O -200 O -ml O -) O -during O -the O -procedure O -was O -significantly O -higher O -for O -patients O -treated O -with O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -than O -for O -those O -treated O -with O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostaglandin O -F2alpha O -( O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -) O -was O -measured O -by O -radioimmunoassay O -in O -human O -blood O -plasma O -collected O -from O -both O -ovarian O -veins O -and O -from O -a O -peripheral O -vein O -in O -eight O -pregnant O -and O -seven O -nonpregnant O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -levels O -in O -the O -venous O -blood O -plasma O -from O -the O -ovary O -without O -a O -corpus O -luteum O -were O -not O -significantly O -different O -from O -those O -found O -in O -the O -peripheral O -venous O -blood O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -in O -nonpregnant O -women O -a O -significant O -difference O -was O -found O -between O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -levels O -in O -the O -venous O -blood O -plasma O -from O -the O -ovary O -without O -a O -corpus O -luteum O -and O -those O -in O -peripheral O -venous O -blood O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -Eleven O -patients O -with O -diabetic O -ketoacidosis O -were O -given O -intravenous O -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -doses O -( O -mean O -118 O -mmol O -; O -range O -83 O -- O -- O -320 O -mmol O -) O -adequate O -to O -maintain O -normal O -plasma O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -in O -addition O -to O -a O -standard O -treatment O -regime O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -no O -effect O -on O -in O -vivo O -p O -50 O -or O -on O -the O -availability O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -from O -the O -blood O -resulted O -from O -the O -higher O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Clinical O -use O -of O -prifinium O -bromide B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -pain O -caused O -by O -hypertonia O -of O -smooth O -muscle O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Induction O -of O -labor O -with O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -malic O -enzyme O -in O -mycobacteria O -: O -Part O -I O -- O -- O -Malic O -enzyme O -& O -amp O -; O -its O -relationship O -to O -growth O -rate O -& O -amp O -; O -intracellular O -level O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -CY O -) O -was O -activated O -in O -vitro O -with O -washed O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -and O -cofactors O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -the O -extraction O -of O -LTA O -by O -phenol B-Chemical -is O -optimal O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -7 O -, O -the O -release O -of O -LTA O -from O -streptococci O -by O -the O -other O -agents O -is O -optimal O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -was O -accompanied O -by O -an O -increase O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -delivery O -to O -the O -brain O -and O -an O -elevation O -of O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Potentiation O -of O -the O -mydriatic O -effect O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -in O -the O -rabbit O -after O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Eyes O -treated O -with O -either O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitor O -showed O -an O -enhanced O -responsiveness O -to O -the O -mydriatic O -effect O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -given O -either O -topically O -or O -intravenously O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -monoamine O -oxidase O -may O -play O -a O -role O -in O -the O -iris O -as O -one O -factor O -influencing O -the O -concentration O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -at O -the O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -further O -shown O -that O -TZCA O -undergoes O -in O -alkali B-Chemical -spontaneous O -oxidative O -decarboxylation O -, O -and O -that O -the O -arising O -product O -may O -be O -hydrolyzed O -to O -cystamine O -and O -glyoxylic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Parallel O -biochemical O -assay O -showed O -that O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -was O -not O -completely O -lost O -after O -fixation O -with O -1 O -% O -glutaraldehyde O -and O -incubation O -with O -4 O -mM O -lead B-Chemical -nitrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -susceptibility O -of O -anaerobic O -bacteria O -to O -rosamicin O -, O -erythromycin B-Chemical -and O -clindamycin O -and O -factors O -affecting O -the O -activity O -of O -rosamicin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -NADPH B-Chemical -) O -: O -nitrate B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -6 O -. O -6 O -. O -2 O -) O -from O -Aspergillus O -nidulans O -wild O -- O -type O -bi O -- O -1 O -was O -purified O -by O -means O -of O -salt B-Chemical -fractionation O -, O -gel O -filtration O -, O -affinity O -chromatography O -, O -and O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -About O -half O -the O -total O -NADPH B-Chemical -: O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -activity O -adsorbed O -on O -agarose O -required O -elution O -with O -1 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -eluted I-Chemical -enzyme O -exhibited O -a O -markedly O -different O -electrophoretic O -mobility O -than O -the O -enzyme O -eluted O -with O -NADP O -( O -+ O -) O -or O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -these O -proteins O -, O -singly O -or O -in O -combination O -, O -reduced O -nitrate B-Chemical -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -as O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subunit O -molecular O -weights O -of O -these O -, O -which O -are O -determined O -via O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -slab O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -were O -49 O -, O -000 O -, O -50 O -, O -000 O -, O -and O -75 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolism O -of O -phenol B-Chemical -and O -resorcinol O -in O -Trichosporon O -cutaneum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -beta O -- O -ketoadipate O -from O -phenol B-Chemical -, O -catechol B-Chemical -, O -and O -resorcinol O -was O -shown O -by O -a O -manometric O -method O -using O -antipyrine O -and O -also O -by O -its O -isolation O -and O -crystallization O -. O - -aps B-category -Maleylacetate O -is O -reduced O -by O -crude O -extracts O -to O -beta O -- O -ketoadipate O -with O -either O -reduced O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -or O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -as O -a O -cosubstrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -grown O -on O -resorcinol O -contain O -enzymes O -that O -participate O -in O -the O -degradation O -of O -phenol B-Chemical -and O -vice O -versa O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -initial O -salt B-Chemical -fractionation O -, O -the O -enzymes O -were O -separated O -by O -chromatography O -on O -diethylaminoethyl O -- O -Sephadex O -and O -purified O -to O -homogeneity O -by O -gel O -filtration O -, O -ion O -- O -exchange O -chromatography O -, O -and O -preparative O -polyacrylamide O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -asparaginase O -A O -was O -found O -to O -be O -devoid O -of O -antitumor O -activity O -in O -mice O -, O -whereas O -the O -asparaginase O -AG O -was O -effective O -in O -increasing O -the O -mean O -survival O -times O -of O -both O -C3H O -mice O -carrying O -the O -asparagine O -- O -requiring O -Gardner O -6C3HED O -tumor O -line O -and O -Swiss O -mice O -bearing O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -requiring I-Chemical -Ehrlich O -ascites O -tumor O -line O -. O - -aps B-category -Spontaneous O -mutants O -of O -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -resistant O -to O -rifampin B-Chemical -, O -rifamycin O -SV O -, O -streptovaricin O -, O -or O -streptolydigin O -were O -isolated O -and O -shown O -to O -be O -resistant O -due O -to O -chromosomal O -rather O -than O -plasmid O -mutations O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -Mycobacterium O -convolutum O -R22 O -was O -grown O -on O -the O -n O -- O -alkanes O -C13 O -through O -C16 O -, O -the O -predominant O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -of O -the O -same O -chain O -length O -as O -the O -growth O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -experiments O -demonstrated O -that O -hexadecane O -, O -hexadecanoic O -acid O -, O -and O -hexadecanoylcoenzyme O -A O -( O -CoA O -) O -all O -inhibited O -de O -novo O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -purified O -enzyme O -was O -subjected O -to O -electrophoresis O -on O -an O -acrylamide O -gel O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -, O -one O -protein O -with O -an O -apparent O -molecular O -weight O -of O -135 O -, O -000 O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Edman O -degradation O -of O -the O -purified O -enzyme O -revealed O -that O -the O -NH2 O -terminus O -is O -free O -( O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -catalytic O -subunit O -of O -the O -carboxylase O -from O -eucaryotes O -) O -and O -that O -the O -NH2 O -- O -terminal O -sequence O -is O -Met O -- O -Asp O -- O -Gln O -- O -Ser O -- O -Ser O -- O -Arg O -- O -Tyr O -- O -Val O -- O -Asn O -- O -Leu O -- O -Ala O -- O -Leu O -- O -Lys O -- O -Glu O -- O -Glu O -- O -Asp O -- O -Leu O -- O -Ile O -- O -Ala O -- O -Gly O -- O -Gly O -- O -Glx O -- O -His O -- O -Val O -- O -Leu O -- O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -4 O -year O -trial O -to O -treat O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -by O -a O -very O -slow O -progressive O -stepwise O -diminution O -of O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -dose O -and O -of O -antiparkinsonian O -agents O -as O -well O -as O -by O -administration O -of O -small O -, O -slowly O -increasing O -and O -then O -decreasing O -doses O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -or O -haloperidol B-Chemical -was O -conducted O -on O -62 O -chronic O -schizophrenic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -dependent O -reactions O -of O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -nitrite B-Chemical -reductase O -with O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -and O -nitrite B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lifetime O -of O -the O -purple O -intermediate O -formed O -from O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -[ O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -: O -O2 O -oxidoreductase O -( O -deaminating O -) O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -3 O -] O -and O -a O -neutral O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -under O -anaerobic O -conditions O -was O -measured O -with O -a O -series O -of O -neutral O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -that O -the O -hydrophobicity O -of O -the O -alkyl O -group O -of O -the O -neutral O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -determines O -the O -lifetime O -of O -the O -purple O -intermediate O -unless O -a O -steric O -effect O -occurs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -or O -linoleic O -acid O -to O -the O -incubation O -mixture O -enhanced O -the O -phospholipase O -activity O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -these O -results O -, O -it O -was O -estimated O -that O -the O -ionizable O -acidic O -group O -was O -an O -amino B-Chemical -group O -and O -the O -basic O -group O -was O -a O -carboxyl O -one O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -[ O -EC O -6 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -] O -from O -Bacillus O -stearothermophilus O -decreased O -slightly O -on O -modification O -with O -ethyl O -acetimidate O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetamidination O -of O -the O -enzyme O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -circular O -dichroism O -, O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -fluorescence O -or O -the O -quenching O -effects O -of O -KI O -and O -acrylamide O -on O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -emission O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -, O -coupled O -with O -previous O -studies O -in O -adipocytes O -, O -suggest O -that O -cyclic O -AMP O -- O -dependent O -protein O -phosphorylation O -plays O -a O -major O -role O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -activity O -and O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -biosynthesis O -in O -adipose O -tissue O -and O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Aalpha O -( O -peptidyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -hydrolase O -; O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -12 O -. O -2 O -) O -has O -been O -investigated O -by O -application O -of O -cryoenzymologic O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -Separate O -routes O -for O -electron O -transfer O -from O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -suggests O -that O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -support O -oxidation O -of O -both O -substrates O -via O -separate O -routes O -of O -electron O -transfer O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -treatment O -of O -microsomes O -with O -subtilisin O -diminishes O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -supported I-Chemical -oxidation O -to O -10 O -to O -30 O -% O -of O -control O -activity O -for O -either O -substrate O -to O -70 O -to O -90 O -% O -of O -control O -activity O -while O -NADH O -- O -supported O -oxidative O -activity O -is O -virtually O -unaffected O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -9 O -mM O -2 O -' O -- O -AMP O -inhibits O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -to O -10 O -to O -20 O -% O -of O -control O -activity O -while O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -supported I-Chemical -oxidative O -demethyl O -ation O -and O -deformylation O -are O -essentially O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -antibody O -to O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -inhibits O -oxidase O -activity O -for O -either O -substrate O -to O -70 O -to O -90 O -% O -of O -control O -activity O -while O -reductase O -activity O -is O -inhibited O -to O -10 O -to O -30 O -% O -of O -control O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -studied O -the O -effects O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cAMP B-Chemical -) O -- O -dependent O -protein O -kinase O -on O -the O -phosphorylative O -and O -functional O -modification O -of O -bovine O -adrenal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -preparations O -activated O -by O -exposure O -to O -enzymatic O -phosphorylating O -conditions O -were O -analyzed O -by O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -, O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -and O -gel O -electrofocusing O -, O -the O -radioactivity O -of O -32P O -was O -coincident O -with O -the O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -, O -suggesting O -incorporation O -of O -32P O -from O -[ O -gamma O -- O -32P O -] O -ATP O -into O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -lysyl O -oxidase O -with O -copper B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -characterization O -of O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triggered I-Chemical -luciferin O -- O -binding O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acidic O -nature O -of O -the O -protein O -was O -confirmed O -by O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -, O -which O -showed O -that O -27 O -% O -of O -the O -residues O -are O -acidic O -. O - -aps B-category -Ca2 O -+ O -binding O -produces O -a O -distinct O -change O -in O -the O -spectral O -properties O -of O -BP O -- O -LH2 O -including O -a O -4 O -- O -fold O -enhancement O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -fluorescence O -at O -332 O -nm O -and O -a O -5 O -- O -fold O -fluorescence O -enhancement O -at O -520 O -nm O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -enzymes O -were O -inactivated O -and O -labeled O -on O -treatment O -with O -tritiated O -sodium B-Chemical -borohydride O -and O -gave O -, O -upon O -subsequent O -hydrolysis O -, O -a O -radioactive O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -urocanase O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -borodeuteride O -followed O -by O -hydrolysis O -afforded O -a O -sample O -of O -nicotinic O -acid O -which O -carried O -deuterium O -mainly O -in O -position O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -Interactions O -of O -guanidinium O -chloride B-Chemical -and O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -with O -oxidized O -and O -two O -- O -electron O -- O -reduced O -lipoamide O -dehydrogenase O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rapid O -burst O -of O -reduction O -, O -but O -not O -the O -slow O -reduction O -, O -is O -inhibited O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -ADP O -- O -induced O -platelet O -aggregation O -, O -and O -by O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -there O -is O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -number O -of O -reactive O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -on O -the O -platelet O -surface O -when O -platelets O -or O -membranes O -are O -stimulated O -by O -ADP O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -papain O -treatment O -of O -vesicles O -containing O -the O -Triton O -- O -purified O -transpeptidase O -results O -in O -the O -release O -of O -95 O -% O -of O -the O -transpeptidase O -activity O -without O -release O -of O -internally O -trapped O -[ O -3H O -] O -sucrose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltranspeptidase O -binding O -to O -vesicles O -is O -due O -to O -a O -papain O -sensitive O -sequence O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -that O -the O -enzyme O -. O -vesicle O -complex O -closely O -approximates O -the O -interaction O -and O -orientation O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltranspeptidase O -with O -brush O -border O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -were O -performed O -to O -determine O -if O -catecholamines B-Chemical -can O -regulate O -control O -points O -in O -the O -gluconeogenic O -pathway O -, O -such O -as O -mitochondrial O -pyruvate B-Chemical -carboxylation O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -activity O -, O -via O -an O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -, O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -- O -independent O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -on O -pyruvate B-Chemical -carboxylation O -were O -not O -attenuated O -by O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -which O -abolishes O -changes O -in O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -levels O -but O -were O -blocked O -by O -alpha O -antagonists O -such O -as O -ergotamine B-Chemical -, O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -and O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -appeared O -to O -require O -extracellular O -Ca2 O -+ O -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -Rather O -, O -catecholamines B-Chemical -caused O -a O -smaller O -inhibition O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -activity O -than O -did O -glucagon O -. O - -aps B-category -Separation O -and O -properties O -of O -NAD O -+ O -- O -and O -NADP O -+ O -- O -dependent O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -from O -Streptococcus O -mutans O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -by O -prothionine O -sulfoximine O -( O -S O -- O -n O -- O -propyl O -homocysteine O -sulfoximine O -) O -, O -a O -selective O -inhibitor O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamylcysteine O -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -marked O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -glucose B-Chemical -administration O -, O -fructose O -feeding O -in O -diabetic O -rats O -resulted O -in O -20 O -- O -fold O -stimulation O -of O -stearoyl O -- O -CoA O -desaturation O -, O -although O -both O -carbohydrates O -stimulated O -stearoyl O -- O -CoA O -desaturation O -in O -normal O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -stimulates O -32P O -incorporation O -and O -results O -in O -enzyme O -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -which O -inhibits O -epinephrine B-Chemical -action O -, O -blocks O -both O -the O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -phosphorylation O -and O -the O -inactivation O -of O -the O -carboxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -zinc B-Chemical -nor O -a O -total O -serum O -lipid O -extract O -would O -substitute O -for O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -for O -cells O -grown O -in O -excess O -prednisolone B-Chemical -without O -serum O -, O -the O -specific O -activity O -was O -25 O -% O -of O -that O -found O -for O -cells O -grown O -with O -prednisolone B-Chemical -and O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -highly O -specific O -for O -ITP O -and O -shows O -optimal O -activity O -in O -glycine B-Chemical -buffer O -pH O -9 O -. O -6 O -and O -50 O -mM O -MgCl2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -cysteinyldopas O -, O -dopa O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -in O -serum O -and O -urine O -using O -high O -- O -performance O -liquid O -chromatography O -and O -electrochemical O -detection O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -urine O -the O -catecholamines B-Chemical -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -were O -also O -determined O -qualitatively O -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -above O -- O -mentioned O -compounds O -, O -in O -a O -single O -chromatographic O -run O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -diatomaceous O -earth O -and O -glass O -columns O -are O -acylated O -prior O -to O -coating O -with O -a O -silicone O -liquid O -phase O -, O -then O -subjected O -to O -heat O -treatment O -in O -an O -atmosphere O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -, O -gas O -chromatographic O -columns O -can O -be O -prepared O -that O -show O -a O -marked O -reduction O -in O -adsorption O -. O - -aps B-category -Application O -to O -toxicological O -analysis O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -urine O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Relative O -systemic O -availability O -of O -sulfapyridine O -from O -commercial O -enteric O -- O -coated O -and O -uncoated O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -tablets O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -enteric O -- O -coated O -and O -uncoated O -tablets O -of O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -are O -not O -bioequivalent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -tablets O -composed O -of O -various O -mixtures O -of O -sugar B-Chemical -alcohols I-Chemical -and O -sugars O -upon O -plaque O -pH O -in O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dissolution O -curves O -of O -human O -acid O -- O -treated O -enamel O -powder O -are O -characterized O -by O -a O -rapid O -initial O -step O -followed O -, O -after O -10 O -or O -15 O -minutes O -, O -by O -a O -second O -stage O -, O -with O -release O -of O -very O -small O -amounts O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Special O -attention O -was O -given O -to O -the O -absorptions O -at O -610 O -cm O -- O -1 O -( O -phosphate B-Chemical -groups O -) O -, O -880 O -cm O -- O -1 O -( O -CO32 O -- O -in O -OH O -- O -sites O -and O -HPO42 O -- O -) O -, O -1410 O -cm O -- O -1 O -( O -CO32 O -- O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -sites O -) O -and O -1550 O -cm O -- O -1 O -( O -CO32 O -- O -in O -OH O -- O -position O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -of O -pH O -or O -small O -amounts O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -displaced O -the O -preferential O -carbonate O -loss O -to O -longer O -times O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -continuous O -increase O -of O -HPO42 O -- O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -occurred O -; O -however O -a O -straight O -line O -with O -a O -smaller O -shape O -was O -present O -, O -with O -fluoride B-Chemical -addition O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -prophylactic O -treatment O -of O -intraperitoneal O -infections O -with O -Streptococcus O -pneumoniae O -( O -types O -1 O -and O -2 O -) O -and O -Streptococcus O -pyogenes O -in O -mice O -, O -amoxicillin B-Chemical -had O -a O -definite O -advantage O -over O -ampicillin B-Chemical -in O -terms O -of O -protective O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Detection O -of O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -and O -anti O -- O -HBs O -mosquitoes O -collected O -indoors O -of O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -positive O -patients O -' O -house O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -type O -Ib O -antigen O -has O -a O -Kd O -value O -of O -0 O -. O -31 O -on O -a O -Sepharose O -4B O -column O -and O -contains O -four O -sugars O -, O -galactose B-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -N O -- O -acetyl O -glucosamine O -, O -and O -sialic O -acid O -in O -a O -molar O -ratio O -of O -2 O -. O -05 O -: O -0 O -. O -86 O -: O -1 O -. O -00 O -: O -0 O -. O -90 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -the O -two O -substrates O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -and O -ABTS O -with O -horseradish O -peroxidase O -was O -studied O -kinetically O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -a O -colour O -reagent O -for O -the O -detection O -and O -estimation O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -and O -their O -benzophenone O -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Correlation O -of O -plasma O -and O -brain O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -putative O -neurotransmitter O -alterations O -during O -acute O -hepatic O -coma O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -evaluation O -of O -six O -techniques O -for O -determining O -the O -Michaelis O -- O -Menten O -parameters O -relating O -phenytoin B-Chemical -dose O -and O -steady O -- O -state O -serum O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -5 O -- O -hydroxytryptaminergic O -and O -adrenergic O -mechanism O -in O -antagonism O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hypothermia O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectrofluorimetric O -method O -for O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneous O -spectrophotometric O -determination O -of O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -and O -sulphamethoxazole O -in O -pharmaceutical O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -pimozide O -on O -the O -locomotor O -hyperactivity O -produced O -by O -caffeine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rapid O -and O -sensitive O -method O -for O -the O -measurement O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -, O -urine O -, O -saliva O -and O -breast O -milk O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nicotine B-Chemical -is O -finally O -extracted O -into O -butyl O -acetate O -and O -an O -aliquot O -of O -this O -extract O -is O -injected O -onto O -a O -gas O -- O -chromatograph O -fitted O -with O -a O -nitrogen B-Chemical -detector O -. O - -aps B-category -Improvements O -in O -the O -reproducibility O -of O -nystatin O -agar O -diffusion O -assays O -have O -been O -achieved O -by O -the O -use O -of O -liquid O -nitrogen B-Chemical -stored O -inocula O -and O -deep O -frozen O -standard O -stock O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -is O -described O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -adrenaline I-Chemical -in O -certain O -formulations O -containing O -adrenaline B-Chemical -hydrogen B-Chemical -tartrate O -at O -concentrations O -down O -to O -0 O -. O -18 O -mg O -ml O -- O -1 O -( O -1 O -: O -10 O -000 O -adrenaline B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -assay O -is O -specific O -for O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -adrenaline I-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -adrenaline I-Chemical -, O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -tartaric O -acid O -, O -adrenaline B-Chemical -sulphonic O -acid O -and O -low O -levels O -of O -adrenochrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Viloxazine O -, O -an O -antidepressant B-Chemical -with O -no O -peripheral O -antiacetylcholine O -activity O -, O -was O -capable O -of O -reducing O -responses O -of O -single O -cortical O -neurons O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -ability O -to O -increase O -the O -concentration O -of O -rat O -brain O -homovanillic O -acid O -( O -HVA O -) O -and O -the O -resulting O -time O -course O -for O -HVA O -were O -similar O -to O -the O -actions O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -partially O -prevented O -the O -MPP O -- O -induced O -elevation O -of O -HVA O -. O - -aps B-category -Change O -in O -brain O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cGMP B-Chemical -) O -content O -by O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -hormone O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -smaller O -but O -still O -significant O -increase O -in O -cGMP B-Chemical -was O -also O -observed O -in O -brain O -stem O -, O -whereas O -no O -significant O -changes O -were O -observed O -in O -cGMP B-Chemical -in O -other O -gross O -brain O -regions O -or O -in O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -in O -any O -brain O -region O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -course O -of O -cGMP B-Chemical -elevation O -in O -the O -cerebellum O -after O -administration O -of O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -TRH O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -TRH O -also O -caused O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -cerebellar O -cGMP B-Chemical -in O -rats O -pretreated O -with O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -and O -chlordiazepoxide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulation O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -activity O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hemodynamic O -effects O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -were O -studied O -before O -and O -after O -acute O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -in O -16 O -open O -- O -chest O -, O -anesthetized O -mongrel O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -became O -a O -lethal O -drug O -in O -large O -doses O -and O -did O -not O -increase O -cardiac O -output O -in O -standard O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -per O -kilogram O -per O -minute O -doses O -, O -increased O -arterial O -pressure O -and O -systemic O -resistance O -; O -cardiac O -output O -was O -diminished O -compared O -with O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -10 O -mcg O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -6 O -to O -0 O -. O -9 O -mcg O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -suggest O -that O -none O -of O -the O -catecholamines B-Chemical -studied O -would O -be O -optimal O -for O -circulatory O -support O -in O -heart O -failure O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -effect O -of O -chenodesoxycholic O -acid O -on O -cholesterol B-Chemical -gallstones O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -substrate O -cycle O -enzymes O -and O -permeable O -mitochondria O -are O -necessary O -for O -the O -flow O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -derived O -from O -glucose B-Chemical -into O -the O -mitochondria O -for O -oxidative O -decarboxylation O -and O -for O -the O -efficient O -production O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -( O -ATP O -) O -for O -the O -unique O -intestinal O -nutrient O -transport O -functions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -key O -enzymes O -measured O -in O -the O -cytosol O -and O -mitochondria O -from O -the O -mucosa O -were O -NAD O -- O -L O -- O -glycerol O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -Fp O -- O -L O -- O -glycerol O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -malate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxaloacetate I-Chemical -transaminase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -five O -- O -year O -personal O -experience O -of O -the O -use O -of O -perhexiline B-Chemical -maleate I-Chemical -( O -Pexid O -) O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -severe O -angina O -pectoris O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -Perhexiline B-Chemical -maleate I-Chemical -was O -used O -either O -alone O -or O -, O -more O -commonly O -, O -in O -conjuction O -with O -other O -antianginal O -therapy O -, O -such O -as O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -blocking O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Combined O -charcoal B-Chemical -hemoperfusion O -and O -hemodialysis O -was O -performed O -on O -three O -occasions O -in O -two O -patients O -with O -severe O -carbromal O -intoxication O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -show O -a O -rapid O -metabolic O -degradation O -of O -carbromal O -including O -cleavage O -of O -bromide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Free O -bromide B-Chemical -is O -not O -adsorbed O -at O -charcoal B-Chemical -but O -is O -readily O -dialyzable O -. O - -aps B-category -NADP O -+ O -- O -dependent O -cytoplasmic O -malic O -enzyme O -was O -purified O -to O -homogeneity O -from O -mouse O -kidneys O -by O -a O -two O -- O -step O -procedure O -involving O -8 O -- O -( O -6 O -- O -aminohexyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -ADP O -- O -Sepharose O -affinity O -chromatography O -and O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -ion O -exchange O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -native O -enzyme O -is O -a O -tetramer O -with O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -270 O -, O -000 O -. O -Km O -' O -s O -for O -NADP O -+ O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -malate I-Chemical -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -were O -determined O -to O -be O -3 O -. O -3 O -micrometer O -, O -50 O -micrometer O -, O -10 O -. O -5 O -micrometer O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -experiments O -with O -group O -- O -specific O -inhibitors O -suggest O -that O -an O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -and O -a O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -residue O -are O -involved O -in O -substrate O -binding O -and O -conversion O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -in O -turn O -potentiates O -the O -thalamic O -recruiting O -system O -, O -thereby O -inducing O -' O -barbiturate B-Chemical -bursts O -' O -in O -the O -EEG O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -studies O -suggest O -that O -barbiturates O -may O -act O -by O -antagonizing O -synaptic O -excitation O -induced O -by O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Potassium B-Chemical -levels O -during O -treatment O -with O -Torrat O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Substance B-Chemical -P I-Chemical -causes O -direct O -depolarisation O -of O -neurones O -of O -guinea O -pig O -interpeduncular O -nucleus O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Intranigral O -injection O -of O -muscimol B-Chemical -induced O -hyperactivity O -in O -rats O -and O -antagonized O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -injections O -of O -muscimol B-Chemical -( O -30 O -ng O -) O -into O -the O -globus O -pallidus O -potentiated O -the O -cataleptic O -effect O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -and O -muscimol B-Chemical -alone O -in O -high O -doses O -( O -100 O -and O -200 O -ng O -) O -induced O -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Injections O -of O -muscimol B-Chemical -into O -either O -the O -globus O -pallidus O -or O -substantia O -nigra O -increased O -striatal O -HVA O -and O -enhanced O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -elevation O -of O -HVA O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -effect O -was O -not O -obtained O -with O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Potentiation O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -catalepsy O -by O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -may O -be O -due O -to O -enhancement O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ergic I-Chemical -transmission O -within O -the O -globus O -pallidus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sequence O -of O -potency O -to O -inhibit O -PGE1 B-Chemical -effects O -was O -the O -same O -in O -neuroblastoma O -( O -N4TG3 O -) O -and O -human O -astrocytoma O -cells O -( O -1321N1 O -) O -: O -di O -- O -4 O -- O -phloretin O -phosphate B-Chemical -greater O -than O -polyphloretin O -phosphate B-Chemical -greater O -than O -phloretin O -greater O -than O -4 O -- O -phloretin O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -studies O -of O -the O -inhibition O -of O -PGE1 B-Chemical -effects O -by O -di B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phloretin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -suggest O -a O -different O -type O -of O -inhibition O -in O -1321N1 O -and O -N4TG3 O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Amphetamine I-Chemical -binding O -to O -brain O -lipid O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -brain O -lipid O -extract O -and O -a O -number O -of O -individual O -phospholipids O -were O -found O -to O -bind O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -when O -measured O -by O -means O -of O -a O -hexane O -- O -buffer O -partition O -coefficient O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -ganglioside O -did O -not O -bind O -. O - -aps B-category -Shock O -- O -induced O -locomotor O -excitation O -following O -acute O -and O -chronic O -amphetamine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cases O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -therapy O -especially O -if O -positive O -endexspiratory O -pressures O -are O -used O -control O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -should O -be O -done O -exclusively O -from O -arterial O -and O -not O -from O -capillary O -blood O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Behavior O -of O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -and O -aminotransferases O -in O -the O -small O -intestine O -mucosa O -of O -rats O -poisoned O -with O -ethyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -( O -biochemical O -and O -histochemical O -study O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -on O -the O -behavioural O -effect O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -all O -investigated O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -inhibit O -the O -action O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -and O -their O -ED50 O -values O -are O -, O -as O -a O -rule O -, O -lower O -than O -the O -values O -of O -ED50 O -for O -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -paper O -disucsses O -possible O -serotonergic O -, O -dopaminergic O -and O -also O -noradrenergic O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -test O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -investigated O -alpha O -- O -adrenolytics O -do O -not O -antagonize O -brain O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -or O -acetycholine O -( O -ACh O -) O -receptor O -stimulation O -, O -although O -they O -weakly O -reduce O -the O -effects O -of O -central O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -system O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -do O -not O -block O -DA O -or O -ACh O -receptors O -in O -the O -brain O -but O -they O -are O -weak O -antagonists O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -system O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Gabaergic O -compounds O -, O -baclofen B-Chemical -and O -aminoxyacetic O -acid O -( O -AOAA O -) O -potentiate O -the O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -potentiation O -of O -cataleptogenic O -action O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -by O -baclofen B-Chemical -and O -AOAA O -is O -not O -related O -to O -their O -effect O -on O -the O -central O -serotonergic O -or O -cholinergic O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Clonidine B-Chemical -, O -xylometazoline B-Chemical -and O -naphazoline B-Chemical -given O -ip O -cause O -a O -transition O -from O -sniffing O -to O -licking O -or O -gnawing O -stereotypy O -induced O -by O -amphetamine B-Chemical -or O -apomorphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -results O -correlate O -with O -the O -depressant O -action O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -naphazoline B-Chemical -on O -central O -noradrenergic O -neurotransmission O -and O -also O -with O -the O -stimulant O -action O -of O -methoxamine B-Chemical -and O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -on O -noradrenergic O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Partial O -pressure O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -in O -arterial O -blood O -( O -PaCO2 O -) O -reflects O -alveolar O -ventilation O -; O -partial O -pressure O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -in O -arterial O -blood O -( O -PaO2 O -) O -reflects O -oxygen B-Chemical -loading O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -among O -pH O -, O -PaCO2 O -, O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -when O -interpreted O -in O -the O -light O -of O -clinical O -findings O -, O -specifies O -the O -type O -and O -duration O -of O -acid O -- O -base O -disturbance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -progestogens B-Chemical -in O -peri O -- O -and O -post O -- O -menopausal O -hormone O -replacement O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -sedative O -and O -amnesic O -effects O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -during O -regional O -anaesthesia O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -influence O -of O -sedation O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -during O -regional O -anaesthesia O -upon O -postoperative O -pulmonary O -performance O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -could O -not O -find O -a O -depression O -of O -these O -ventilatory O -parameters O -, O -in O -the O -three O -groups O -except O -peak O -- O -flow O -after O -sedation O -with O -Flunitrazepam B-Chemical -in O -the O -evening O -after O -operation O -( O -p O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -0 O -, O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Tyrosine O -hydroxylase O -[ O -tyrosine B-Chemical -monooxygenase O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -, O -tetrahydropteridine O -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -( O -3 O -- O -hydroxylating O -) O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -14 O -. O -16 O -. O -2 O -] O -was O -highly O -purified O -from O -rat O -caudate O -nuclei O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -32P O -was O -detected O -only O -in O -a O -probably O -active O -subunit O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -of O -molecular O -weight O -62 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -gamma O -- O -Glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -, O -a O -membrane O -- O -bound O -enzyme O -, O -functions O -in O -the O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -cycle O -to O -catalyze O -utilization O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Iron B-Chemical -, O -an O -essential O -element O -for O -biosynthesis O -of O -aromatic O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -cobalt B-Chemical -was O -found O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -suggestions O -of O -earlier O -workers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -iron B-Chemical -remains O -bound O -to O -the O -enzyme O -when O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -is O -removed O -from O -the O -enzyme O -- O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -ATP O -, O -Mg O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -, O -and O -various O -agents O -on O -pH O -gradient O -, O -membrane O -potential O -, O -and O -catecholamine B-Chemical -transport O -across O -membranes O -of O -intact O -bovine O -chromaffin O -vesicles O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -uptake O -into O -vesicles O -is O -increased O -4 O -- O -to O -6 O -- O -fold O -by O -ATP O -and O -Mg O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -catecholamine B-Chemical -uptake O -is O -coupled O -to O -membrane O -potential O -, O -then O -a O -charged O -species O -must O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -transport O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Atractyloside O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -nucleotide B-Chemical -transport O -, O -has O -no O -effects O -on O -catecholamine B-Chemical -transport O -or O -the O -H O -( O -+ O -) O -electrochemical O -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -Examining O -impulse O -- O -evoked O -endplate O -currents O -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -current O -fluctuations O -, O -it O -is O -found O -that O -the O -lifetime O -of O -the O -open O -channel O -is O -shortened O -by O -relatively O -high O -concentrations O -of O -curare O -( O -greater O -than O -5 O -micrometer O -) O -, O -an O -effect O -which O -shows O -up O -most O -strikingly O -at O -hyperpolarized O -levels O -of O -membrane O -potential O -( O -- O -130 O -mV O -and O -above O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -other O -, O -isolated O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -, O -contains O -less O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -specifically O -proposed O -that O -there O -are O -two O -morphogens O -, O -auxin O -diffusing O -centrifugally O -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -diffusing O -centripetally O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -proposals O -are O -supported O -by O -published O -evidence O -on O -auxin O -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -concentration O -gradients O -across O -the O -cambium O -, O -and O -on O -their O -sources O -, O -movements O -, O -and O -known O -effects O -on O -vascular O -differentiation O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -examined O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -, O -levodopa B-Chemical -and O -trihexyphenydil O -ins O -ingle O -- O -blind O -design O -in O -16 O -chronic O -productive O -schizophrenics O -having O -the O -same O -degree O -of O -tardive O -dyskinesias O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -with O -levodopa B-Chemical -25 O -% O -of O -the O -patients O -deteriorated O -, O -and O -this O -could O -not O -be O -prevented O -by O -increasing O -the O -dose O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Trihexyphenydil O -had O -only O -a O -slight O -effect O -on O -tremor O -, O -whilst O -treatment O -with O -levodopa B-Chemical -was O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -quantitative O -EEG O -profile O -of O -a O -putative O -antihistaminic O -drug O -, O -terfenadine B-Chemical -, O -was O -determined O -in O -a O -crossover O -comparison O -with O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -in O -normal O -male O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -the O -carbodiimide O -- O -mediated O -reaction O -for O -discharging O -carboxyl O -groups O -, O -along O -with O -fluorodinitrobenzene O -for O -discharging O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -and O -extraction O -procedures O -for O -removing O -constituents O -carrying O -phosphoester O -groups O -( O -teichoic O -acids O -) O -, O -made O -it O -possible O -to O -obtain O -information O -about O -the O -spatial O -arrangement O -of O -charged O -groups O -on O -the O -wall O -surfaces O -. O - -aps B-category -Horse O -muscle O -acylphosphatase O -consists O -of O -a O -main O -chain O -S O -- O -S O -bound O -to O -glutathione B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Conformationally O -restricted O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -CNS O -effects O -: O -acute O -and O -chronic O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Dissociation O -of O -the O -hyperphagic O -from O -the O -anxiolytic O -effects O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ratio O -of O -ventilation O -to O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -( O -and O -presumably O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -production O -) O -was O -not O -significantly O -different O -at O -10 O -and O -27 O -degrees O -C O -, O -indicating O -that O -ventilation O -is O -not O -participating O -in O -the O -acid O -- O -base O -adjustment O -to O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxygen O -half O -saturation O -pressure O -( O -P50 O -) O -of O -blood O -and O -the O -role O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -diphosphoglycerate O -( O -DPG O -) O -, O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -and O -red O -cell O -pH O -regulating O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -were O -examined O -in O -fetuses O -( O -16 O -, O -5 O -- O -18 O -, O -5 O -days O -of O -gestational O -age O -) O -, O -neonatal O -( O -1 O -- O -22 O -days O -post O -partum O -) O -and O -adult O -mice O -( O -Balb O -/ O -c O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -occur O -only O -due O -to O -organic O -phosphate B-Chemical -concentration O -variations O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -receptor O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -CSF O -values O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -serotonine O -metabolites O -( O -homovanillic O -acid O -and O -5 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -indoleacetic O -acid O -) O -have O -been O -studied O -in O -4 O -patients O -suffering O -from O -late O -dyskinesia O -due O -to O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Authors O -suggest O -that O -involuntary O -movements O -could O -be O -due O -to O -an O -impairment O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -e O -DA O -link O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -acidification O -was O -particularly O -striking O -with O -regard O -to O -salivary O -pH O -in O -patients O -given O -a O -combination O -of O -antidepressant B-Chemical -, O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -and O -a O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivative O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -of O -a O -normal O -, O -respectively O -increased O -detrusor O -activity O -are O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -observations O -of O -some O -authors O -, O -describing O -attenutation O -and O -absence O -of O -detrusor O -muscle O -fibres O -. O - -aps B-category -Tiapride B-Chemical -should O -fill O -the O -therapeutic O -gap O -which O -exists O -today O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -the O -agitation O -and O -aggressivity O -of O -oligophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -the O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -can O -be O -involved O -at O -different O -stages O -of O -the O -treatment O -, O -giving O -rise O -to O -difficulties O -in O -the O -diagnosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Metronidazole B-Chemical -in O -the O -prophylaxis O -and O -treatment O -of O -anaerobic O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -Metronidazole B-Chemical -prophylaxis O -in O -54 O -patients O -led O -to O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -anaerobe O -vaginal O -carriage O -rate O -from O -65 O -% O -pre O -- O -operatively O -to O -17 O -% O -and O -28 O -% O -on O -the O -3rd O -and O -7th O -postoperative O -days O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -7 O -of O -these O -patients O -( O -including O -the O -patient O -with O -mixed O -infection O -) O -, O -the O -infection O -resolved O -spontaneously O -, O -while O -the O -8th O -patient O -responded O -to O -therapy O -with O -metronidazole B-Chemical -, O -kanamycin B-Chemical -and O -ampicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Anaesthetic O -induction O -of O -caesarean O -section O -with O -thiopentone B-Chemical -, O -methohexitone O -and O -ketamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Anaesthesia O -was O -maintained O -with O -gas O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -muscle O -relaxant O -and O -0 O -. O -6 O -% O -enflurane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Methohexitone O -and O -low O -- O -dose O -ketamine B-Chemical -appear O -to O -offer O -reasonable O -alternatives O -to O -thiopentone B-Chemical -for O -anaesthetic O -induction O -at O -caesarean O -section O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Phonomecanographic O -study O -of O -3 O -beta O -- O -blockers O -and O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -in O -obstructive O -cardiomyopathy O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Urine O -elimination O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transferase O -with O -repeated O -injections O -of O -mercuric O -chloride B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -infection O -on O -blood O -pH O -, O -concentrations O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -blood O -, O -haematology O -, O -and O -on O -concurrent O -and O -superimposed O -trypanosoma O -vivax O -infection O -in O -sheep O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -concentration O -of O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Demonstration O -of O -more O -sialylized O -fetal O -enzyme O -variants O -of O -serum O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -in O -patients O -with O -liver O -diseases O -and O -during O -azathioprine B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Urinary O -excretion O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -heart O -failures O -of O -various O -severity O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -reaction O -of O -lung O -mast O -cells O -to O -acute O -barbiturate B-Chemical -and O -bromureide O -poisoning O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Then O -the O -degranulation O -of O -mast O -cells O -with O -decrease O -of O -the O -mast O -cell O -number O -in O -the O -lung O -tissue O -was O -merely O -small O -in O -the O -barbiturate B-Chemical -poisoned O -animals O -, O -but O -very O -extensive O -in O -the O -animals O -intoxicated O -by O -bromureides O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -drugs O -on O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -of O -the O -isolated O -canine O -heart O -with O -normal O -and O -restricted O -flow O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -absence O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -direct O -metabolic O -action O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -blockade O -by O -increasing O -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -the O -normal O -and O -reducing O -it O -in O -the O -ischemic O -heart O -, O -furthermore O -moderating O -the O -ischemic O -diminution O -of O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -uptake O -could O -be O -shown O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -, O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -and O -bradykinin B-Chemical -on O -guanylate O -cyclase O -in O -different O -organs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -intraperitoneal O -insufflation O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -and O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -on O -acid O -- O -base O -balance O -during O -controlled O -ventilation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -object O -of O -the O -present O -study O -was O -to O -clarify O -certain O -aspects O -concerned O -with O -anesthetic O -and O -ventilatory O -techniques O -, O -mostly O -in O -connection O -with O -the O -comparison O -between O -the O -effects O -of O -insufflation O -of O -either O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -or O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Increase O -in O -bilirubin B-Chemical -binding O -to O -albumin O -with O -correction O -of O -neonatal O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -to O -7 O -. O -34 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -02 O -, O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -serum O -free O -bilirubin B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -Ka O -at O -molar O -ratio O -0 O -. O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -particles O -had O -a O -diameter O -of O -about O -30 O -nm O -and O -their O -occurrence O -was O -not O -associated O -with O -intravenous O -glucose B-Chemical -infusions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pancreatic O -secretion O -of O -fluid O -, O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -and O -protein O -in O -response O -to O -electrical O -stimulation O -of O -the O -vagus O -and O -splanchnic O -nerves O -, O -to O -exogenous O -and O -endogenous O -secretin O -and O -to O -various O -pharmacological O -agents O -was O -studied O -in O -anesthetized O -young O -pigs O -( O -21 O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -flow O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -response O -to O -vagal O -stimulation O -was O -unaffected O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -but O -abolished O -by O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -protein O -response O -, O -and O -the O -flow O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -response O -to O -vagal O -stimulation O -are O -not O -brought O -about O -by O -the O -same O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Recordings O -in O -vivo O -of O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -of O -the O -proximal O -tubular O -fluid O -and O -of O -the O -efferent O -arteriolar O -blood O -were O -performed O -with O -PCO2 O -microelectrodes O -in O -the O -rat O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -a O -PCO2 O -difference O -exists O -across O -the O -tubular O -wall O -and O -that O -the O -high O -intratubular O -PCO2 O -favours O -a O -chemical O -equilibrium O -of O -the O -carbonic O -acid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -system O -in O -the O -proximal O -tubular O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -PCO2 O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -the O -proximal O -tubular O -fluid O -were O -determined O -with O -an O -ultramicro O -equilibration O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intratubular O -PCO2 O -was O -higher O -than O -the O -PCO2 O -of O -the O -systemic O -arterial O -blood O -under O -control O -conditions O -and O -the O -difference O -in O -PCO2 O -was O -increased O -during O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -total O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -in O -the O -proximal O -tubule O -was O -reduced O -by O -50 O -% O -due O -to O -the O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -intratubular O -PCO2 O -after O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -treatment O -is O -assumed O -to O -be O -due O -to O -an O -inhibition O -of O -the O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -facilitating O -effect O -on O -outward O -diffusion O -of O -CO2 O -from O -the O -tubular O -lumen O -across O -the O -cell O -wall O -. O - -aps B-category -Injections O -of O -small O -doses O -( O -0 O -. O -02 O -to O -0 O -. O -4 O -microg O -kg O -- O -1 O -min O -- O -1 O -) O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -induced O -the O -same O -pattern O -of O -changes O -in O -the O -FECG O -as O -we O -have O -previously O -recorded O -during O -hypoxia O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -completely O -abolish O -the O -FECG O -changes O -induced O -by O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -as O -well O -as O -by O -mild O -hypoxia O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -present O -finding O -that O -even O -small O -doses O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -given O -to O -the O -fetus O -, O -initiates O -the O -same O -pattern O -of O -FECG O -changes O -corroborate O -this O -hypothesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Special O -caution O -must O -be O -paid O -to O -the O -toxic O -effects O -of O -imipramine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Additional O -mutants O -, O -currently O -under O -study O -in O -our O -laboratory O -include O -fructanase O -, O -invertase O -, O -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -permease O -- O -defectives O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -relation O -to O -total O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -the O -effects O -of O -sample O -storing O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -appeared O -that O -high O -doses O -of O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -of O -hydroxyzine B-Chemical -were O -highly O -fatal O -to O -most O -animals O -by O -causing O -severe O -convulsions O -within O -3 O -to O -6 O -hours O -at O -doses O -of O -40 O -or O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -third O -phase O -of O -this O -experiment O -was O -designed O -to O -determine O -the O -optimal O -time O -at O -which O -hydroxyzine B-Chemical -needs O -to O -be O -given O -to O -protect O -against O -fatal O -endotoxin O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -hydroxyzine B-Chemical -was O -given O -1 O -hour O -after O -endotoxin O -there O -was O -a O -70 O -% O -survival O -and O -, O -if O -given O -3 O -hours O -after O -endotoxin O -, O -a O -40 O -% O -survival O -. O - -aps B-category -Infections O -due O -to O -pneumococci O -with O -decreased O -susceptibility O -( O -or O -resistance O -) O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -have O -been O -infrequently O -recognized O -. O - -aps B-category -Identification O -of O -beta O -hemolytic O -streptococci O -( O -BHS O -) O -as O -group O -A O -or O -non O -- O -group O -A O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -bacitracin O -sensitivity O -rather O -than O -Lancefield O -serogrouping O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -misidentification O -of O -the O -pathogen O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -in O -the O -longissimus O -dorsi O -muscle O -constantly O -around O -95 O -% O -of O -the O -fibres O -contained O -fast O -myosin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -other O -existing O -studies O -, O -which O -mostly O -discuss O -the O -physical O -changes O -of O -human O -sexuality O -during O -age O -, O -this O -socialpsychological O -survey O -analyzes O -the O -existence O -and O -relevance O -of O -negative O -attitudes O -towards O -sexuality O -in O -old O -age O -and O -their O -relations O -to O -the O -sexual O -activity O -of O -older O -people O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Usefulness O -of O -various O -graphometric O -methods O -in O -the O -evaluation O -of O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -threshold O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -rat O -liver O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -in O -situ O -. O - -aps B-category -Cascade O -control O -of O -E O -. O -coli O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypoxia O -and O -acidosis O -were O -produced O -by O -ventilatory O -means O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -infusions O -were O -used O -to O -elevate O -the O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -EEG O -during O -ictal O -episodes O -of O -epilepsy O -, O -the O -abnormal O -wave O -forms O -of O -schizophrenic O -patients O -seldom O -coincided O -with O -episodes O -of O -blocking O -, O -stereotypy O -, O -or O -other O -abnormal O -behaviors O -. O - -aps B-category -Diagnostic O -criteria O -are O -presented O -that O -appear O -to O -define O -a O -specific O -population O -of O -borderline O -patients O -who O -have O -been O -observed O -to O -be O -responsive O -to O -low O -doses O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protein O -content O -of O -the O -blood O -plasma O -decreased O -, O -above O -all O -the O -albumin O -content O -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -concentration O -of O -glycoproteins O -and O -volatile O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -most O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -decreased O -or O -- O -- O -of O -some O -of O -them O -remained O -the O -same O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -quickly O -arising O -lack O -of O -energy O -of O -ruminants O -slows O -down O -the O -protein O -synthesis O -and O -increases O -the O -glyconeogenesis O -from O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -First O -results O -in O -the O -application O -of O -a O -fluid O -regeneration O -system O -consising O -of O -a O -charcoal B-Chemical -cartridge O -and O -a O -bioelectric O -cell O -, O -for O -degradation O -of O -urea B-Chemical -, O -are O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -Histidine O -residues O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -ligands O -in O -beta O -- O -lactamase O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -these O -three O -histidine O -residues O -are O -free O -to O -titrate O -in O -the O -apoenzyme O -, O -none O -of O -them O -titrates O -over O -the O -pH O -range O -6 O -. O -0 O -- O -- O -9 O -. O -0 O -in O -the O -mono B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -zinc I-Chemical -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Resonances O -attributed O -to O -a O -fourth O -histidine O -residue O -shift O -on O -addition O -of O -further O -zinc B-Chemical -to O -the O -mono B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -zinc I-Chemical -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -analogues O -with O -Hydra O -attenuata O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -GSH O -and O -analogues O -of O -GSH O -were O -competitive O -inhibitors O -of O -p O -- O -nitroaniline O -release O -, O -but O -those O -analogues O -in O -which O -glycine B-Chemical -was O -replaced O -by O -2 O -- O -aminoisobutyrate O -, O -phenylalanine O -, O -leucine B-Chemical -or O -tyrosine B-Chemical -had O -Ki O -values O -that O -were O -approximately O -five O -times O -those O -of O -analogues O -with O -the O -cysteine B-Chemical -residue O -replaced O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -coenzyme O -B12 O -- O -dependent O -ethanolamine O -ammonia B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lyase I-Chemical -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethanolamine O -, O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -glycerol O -and O -KCl O -protected O -the O -apoenzyme O -from O -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -Urea O -( O -7M O -) O -and O -heating O -( O -35 O -to O -55 O -degrees O -C O -) O -caused O -a O -major O -increase O -in O -the O -viscosity O -of O -mucin O -and O -mucin O -- O -albumin O -mixtures O -, O -suggesting O -that O -rupture O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonds O -, O -unfolding O -and O -partial O -denaturation O -of O -mucin O -promotes O -greater O -intertangling O -( O -possibly O -hydrophobic O -interactions O -) O -between O -mucin O -and O -albumin O -molecules O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -details O -of O -the O -structure O -of O -C O -- O -teichoic O -acid O -were O -established O -by O -chemical O -degradation O -, O -including O -hydrolysis O -in O -acid O -and O -alkali B-Chemical -, O -treatment O -with O -HF O -, O -periodate O -oxidation O -and O -methylation O -. O - -aps B-category -Molecular O -- O -weight O -determinations O -were O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -/ O -polyacrylamide O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -and O -by O -the O -electrophoretic O -method O -of O -Hendrick O -& O -amp O -; O -Smith O -[ O -( O -1968 O -) O -Arch O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -am1 O -and O -am3 O -mutational O -variants O -of O -the O -Neurospora O -crassa O -NADP O -- O -specific O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -show O -complementation O -activity O -in O -hybrid O -hexamers O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -- O -jump O -studies O -at O -subzero O -temperatures O -on O -an O -intermediate O -in O -the O -reaction O -of O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -with O -xanthine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Simple O -techniques O -are O -described O -for O -mixing O -the O -enzyme O -in O -this O -solvent O -at O -- O -- O -82 O -degrees O -C O -, O -with O -its O -substrate O -, O -xanthine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -of O -chloromethyl O -ketone B-Chemical -derivatives O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -general O -route O -for O -the O -synthesis O -of O -chloromethyl O -ketone B-Chemical -derivatives O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -an O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -directed I-Chemical -reagent O -, O -citraconic O -anhydride O -, O -still O -inactivated O -the O -enzyme O -, O -even O -when O -the O -active O -- O -site O -thiol B-Chemical -was O -protected O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -the O -enzyme O -proceeded O -suprisingly O -well O -at O -acidic O -pH O -values O -and O -a O -10 O -( O -5 O -) O -molar O -excess O -of O -external O -thiol B-Chemical -over O -active O -- O -site O -thiol B-Chemical -was O -required O -to O -prevent O -inhibition O -by O -0 O -. O -3 O -mM O -- O -9 O -- O -chloro O -- O -8 O -- O -oxononanoic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -isolated O -cells O -, O -the O -chloromethyl O -ketone B-Chemical -derivatives O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -considerably O -less O -specific O -in O -their O -inhibitory O -action O -compared O -with O -3 O -- O -acetylenic O -derivatives O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -which O -act O -as O -suicide O -inhibitors O -of O -acetoacetyl O -- O -CoA O -thiolase O -. O - -aps B-category -Participation O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -and O -cystine O -in O -inactivation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -rat O -liver O -homogenates O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -an O -O2 O -atmosphere O -with O -cysteine B-Chemical -added O -, O -inactivation O -was O -rapid O -after O -a O -lag O -period O -of O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -3h O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -regulation O -of O -extramitochondrial O -free O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -by O -rat O -liver O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversion O -of O -high O -molecular O -weight O -CRF O -( O -corticotropin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -factor O -) O -or O -PRF O -( O -prolactin O -- O -releasing O -factor O -) O -into O -lower O -molecular O -weight O -forms O -by O -boiling O -at O -low O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -NZB O -/ O -W O -F1 O -female O -mice O -were O -treated O -from O -20 O -weeks O -of O -age O -with O -ribavirin B-Chemical -( O -a O -broad O -spectrum O -antiviral O -drug O -) O -, O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -, O -or O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -Ability O -of O -ribavirin B-Chemical -to O -prolong O -survival O -was O -dose O -related O -when O -given O -on O -a O -twice O -weekly O -schedule O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -ribavirin B-Chemical -therapy O -was O -equal O -to O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -treatment O -with O -regard O -to O -prolongation O -of O -survival O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -alterations O -in O -either O -cellular O -or O -humoral O -immune O -responses O -were O -noted O -in O -NZB O -/ O -W O -F1 O -or O -BALB O -/ O -c O -mice O -treated O -for O -prolonged O -periods O -with O -ribavirin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -series O -of O -compounds O -endowed O -with O -gastric O -antisecretory O -activity O -were O -examined O -for O -their O -possible O -effects O -on O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -receptors O -in O -different O -experimental O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -decaspiride O -on O -the O -immunosuppressive O -action O -of O -prednisone B-Chemical -, O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -and O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Triazolam B-Chemical -: O -characteristics O -of O -its O -depressive O -action O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -acidic O -, O -low O -molecular O -weight O -( O -18 O -400 O -- O -- O -19 O -100 O -) O -protein O -capable O -of O -activating O -porcine O -brain O -phosphodiesterase O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -has O -been O -purified O -2700 O -- O -fold O -from O -the O -anthozoan O -coelenterate O -, O -Renilla O -reniformis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protein O -from O -Renilla O -complexes O -with O -troponin O -I O -and O -T O -subunits O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -quantitatively O -replaces O -porcine O -brain O -modulator O -in O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -activation O -of O -porcine O -brain O -phosphodiesterase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -similarities O -in O -physical O -and O -chemical O -properties O -, O -high O -affinity O -for O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -and O -identical O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -activities O -of O -this O -protein O -from O -Renilla O -( O -as O -compared O -with O -modulator O -protein O -purified O -from O -mammalian O -systems O -) O -suggest O -that O -a O -high O -degree O -of O -structural O -conservation O -has O -been O -retained O -in O -modulator O -proteins O -isolated O -from O -these O -diverse O -evolutionary O -forms O -. O - -aps B-category -Reactivity O -of O -the O -imino O -acids O -formed O -in O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -When O -imino O -acids O -reacted O -with O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -or O -other O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -transimination O -yielded O -derivatives O -less O -stable O -to O -hydrolysis O -than O -the O -parent O -imino O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -7 O -. O -7 O -, O -the O -rate O -of O -reaction O -of O -the O -imino O -acid O -analogue O -of O -leucine B-Chemical -with O -semicarbazide O -was O -10 O -( O -4 O -) O -times O -greater O -than O -that O -of O -the O -corresponding O -keto O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -3 O -) O -The O -rate O -of O -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -imino O -acid O -analogue O -of O -leucine B-Chemical -was O -independent O -of O -pH O -above O -pH O -8 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pre O -- O -steady O -- O -state O -kinetics O -for O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -fructose O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -bisphosphate O -by O -rabbit O -liver O -fructose O -bis O -- O -phosphatase O -have O -been O -investigated O -by O -stopped O -- O -flow O -kinetics O -utilizing O -an O -acid O -- O -base O -indicator O -method O -that O -permits O -the O -continuous O -monitoring O -of O -the O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -product O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -latter O -step O -may O -involve O -a O -product O -release O -( O -fructose O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -) O -or O -a O -second O -conformational O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -stopped O -- O -flow O -technique O -has O -been O -developed O -for O -the O -zero O -- O -time O -spectrophotometric O -titration O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -in O -the O -purely O -native O -or O -in O -the O -purely O -alkaline O -denatured O -state O -of O -alpha O -- O -lactalbumin O -that O -undergoes O -an O -alkaline O -conformational O -transition O -in O -the O -pH O -region O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -ionization O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -samples O -were O -denatured O -either O -in O -7 O -. O -2 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -or O -in O -acidic O -( O -pH O -3 O -. O -0 O -) O -conditions O -for O -periods O -up O -to O -a O -few O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Complete O -recovery O -of O -conformation O -and O -capacity O -to O -form O -a O -colored O -complex O -with O -Fe3 O -+ O -seemed O -to O -occur O -with O -the O -simple O -dilution O -of O -urea B-Chemical -or O -by O -adjustment O -of O -the O -low O -pH O -sample O -to O -pH O -7 O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -affinity O -system O -transported O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -( O -Km O -= O -26 O -muM O -) O -, O -3 O -- O -O O -- O -methylglucose O -( O -Km O -= O -19 O -muM O -) O -, O -D O -- O -glucosamine O -( O -Km O -= O -652 O -muM O -) O -, O -D O -- O -fructose O -( O -Km O -= O -2 O -. O -3 O -mM O -) O -and O -L O -- O -sorbose O -( O -Km O -= O -2 O -. O -2 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -low O -affinity O -system O -transported O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -( O -Km O -= O -7 O -. O -5 O -mM O -) O -, O -and O -3 O -- O -O O -- O -methylglucose O -( O -Km O -= O -1 O -. O -5 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -uptake O -by O -the O -low O -affinity O -system O -was O -constant O -over O -a O -wide O -temperature O -range O -( O -30 O -- O -- O -50 O -degrees O -C O -) O -and O -was O -not O -much O -affected O -by O -pH O -; O -but O -as O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -medium O -was O -altered O -from O -4 O -. O -5 O -to O -8 O -. O -9 O -a O -co O -- O -ordinated O -increase O -in O -affinity O -for O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -( O -from O -52 O -. O -1 O -mM O -to O -0 O -. O -3 O -mM O -) O -and O -decrease O -in O -maximum O -velocity O -( O -by O -a O -factor O -of O -five O -) O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -the O -low O -affinity O -system O -could O -initially O -be O -demonstrated O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -grown I-Chemical -tissue O -, O -although O -the O -high O -affinity O -system O -was O -restored O -by O -starvation O -inglucose O -- O -free O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -an O -acetate O -- O -grown O -culture O -inactivated O -the O -high O -affinity O -system O -with O -a O -half O -- O -life O -of O -5 O -- O -- O -7 O -. O -5 O -s O -. O -Addition O -of O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -to O -an O -acetate O -- O -grown O -culture O -caused O -decay O -of O -the O -high O -affinity O -system O -with O -a O -half O -- O -life O -of O -80 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -has O -been O -made O -of O -the O -properties O -of O -ionic O -channels O -formed O -in O -phospholipid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cholesterol I-Chemical -bilayers O -by O -polyene O -antibiotics O -of O -various O -molecular O -structures O -. O - -aps B-category -Neutralization O -of O -one O -or O -both O -charges O -of O -the O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -molecule O -( O -both O -by O -chemical O -modification O -and O -by O -pH O -shift O -) O -increases O -the O -probability O -of O -the O -channel O -to O -be O -in O -a O -nonconducting O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -assumed O -that O -the O -electrostatic O -interaction O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -group O -of O -an O -antibiotic O -molecule O -with O -the O -carboxyl O -group O -of O -an O -adjacent O -one O -stabilized O -the O -channel O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -sedimented O -at O -the O -position O -of O -an O -approximate O -sedimentation O -coefficient O -of O -3 O -. O -3 O -S O -under O -high O -salt B-Chemical -conditions O -by O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -centrifugation O -. O - -aps B-category -Amidination O -of O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -of O -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductase O -from O -human O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -effects O -were O -prevented O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -coenzyme O -NADPH B-Chemical -or O -NADP O -+ O -, O -but O -not O -of O -the O -substrate O -4 O -- O -nitrobenzaldehyde O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -the O -presence O -of O -reactive O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -at O -the O -coenzyme O -binding O -site O -of O -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -exchange O -occurred O -very O -rapidly O -in O -the O -holoenzyme O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -, O -pH O -8 O -. O -3 O -( O -half O -life O -of O -the O -exchange O -: O -0 O -. O -8 O -min O -) O -, O -but O -slowly O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -substrate O -or O -a O -competitive O -inhibitor O -, O -benzoate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -case O -of O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -however O -, O -the O -exchange O -occurred O -very O -slowly O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -, O -pH O -5 O -. O -6 O -, O -regardless O -of O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -substrate O -or O -p O -- O -chloromercuribenzoate O -. O - -aps B-category -Troponin B-Chemical -T I-Chemical -kinase O -is O -not O -affected O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -cyclic O -nucleotides O -or O -AMP O -to O -the O -reaction O -mixture O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -showed O -no O -stereospecificity O -and O -hydrolyzed O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -O O -- O -sulfate O -with O -Km O -and O -V O -similar O -to O -those O -for O -the O -L O -- O -isomer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -daily O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -sulfate O -by O -a O -patient O -with O -metachromatic O -leukodystrophy O -( O -arylsulfatase O -A O -deficiency O -) O -was O -comparable O -to O -the O -excretion O -by O -control O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -serves O -as O -the O -major O -source O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -production O -in O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -from O -acidotic O -muscle O -was O -purified O -to O -homogeneity O -and O -was O -found O -to O -be O -identical O -to O -the O -enzyme O -obtained O -from O -normal O -muscle O -by O -the O -criteria O -of O -electrophoretic O -mobility O -, O -pH O -optimum O -, O -molecular O -weight O -, O -sedimentation O -coefficient O -, O -subunit O -composition O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -, O -monovalent O -cation O -requirement O -, O -substrate O -saturation O -, O -and O -inhibition O -by O -ATP O -, O -Pi O -and O -creatine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydration O -of O -a O -zwitterion O -, O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydration O -number O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -at O -the O -isoelectric O -point O -decreased O -from O -17 O -. O -7 O -to O -10 O -. O -7 O -upon O -increasing O -the O -concentration O -from O -1 O -to O -3 O -M O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -compositions O -of O -NPV O -polyhedral O -proteins O -of O -P O -. O -dispar O -, O -M O -. O -brassicae O -, O -A O -. O -crataegi O -, O -Hyphantria O -cunae O -were O -shown O -to O -be O -very O -similar O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -processes O -were O -studied O -a O -) O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -microsomal O -lipid O -peroxidation O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -lecithin O -; O -b O -) O -ascorbate O -- O -dependent O -microsomal O -lipid O -peroxidation O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -lecithin O -; O -c O -) O -oxidation O -of O -lipid O -mixture O -, O -isolated O -from O -the O -microsomes O -, O -and O -that O -of O -lecithin O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -Fe2 O -+ O -+ O -ascorbate O -system O -; O -4 O -) O -oxidation O -of O -lecithin O -induced O -by O -the O -Fe2 O -+ O -+ O -ascorbate O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -some O -tripeptides O -, O -which O -are O -fragments O -of O -peptide O -hormones O -, O -and O -their O -analogs O -on O -the O -content O -of O -biogenic O -monoamines B-Chemical -( O -BM O -) O -from O -albino O -mice O -brain O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -ovarian O -steroids B-Chemical -on O -in O -vitro O -kinetic O -properties O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -from O -rabbit O -oviducts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -event O -of O -bleeding O -is O -the O -main O -factor O -that O -elevates O -total O -peripheral O -resistance O -and O -reduces O -tissue O -perfusion O -with O -consequent O -lowering O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -and O -alkalosis O -secondary O -to O -impaired O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -production O -; O -when O -bleeding O -ceases O -these O -changes O -partially O -reverse O -in O -a O -manner O -characteristic O -of O -that O -induced O -by O -the O -reinfusion O -of O -shed O -blood O -; O -and O -hypovolaemia O -per O -se O -has O -a O -relatively O -weak O -influence O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -pH O -, O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -pressure O -( O -PCO2 O -) O -, O -and O -PO2 O -measured O -in O -40 O -simultaneous O -paired O -samples O -of O -arterial O -and O -arterialised O -capillary O -blood O -showed O -no O -significant O -difference O -for O -pH O -or O -PCO2 O -, O -but O -the O -PO2 O -values O -were O -significantly O -lower O -in O -the O -capillary O -samples O -over O -the O -range O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -the O -locus O -coeruleus O -and O -A2 O -region O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -was O -localized O -primarily O -to O -perikarya O -and O -dendrites O -of O -intrinsic O -neurons O -; O -whereas O -substance O -P O -and O -enkephalin O -- O -like O -immunoreactivity O -was O -localized O -to O -axons O -and O -axon O -terminals O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenytoin B-Chemical -and O -transmitter O -release O -at O -the O -neuromuscular O -junction O -of O -the O -frog O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutaminase O -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -in O -synaptosomes O -, O -bulk O -- O -isolated O -glia O -and O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Unit O -activity O -of O -limbic O -system O -neurons O -: O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Parietal O -craniotomy O -was O -carried O -out O -under O -1 O -. O -5 O -- O -- O -4 O -. O -0 O -% O -halothane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -general O -, O -intravenous O -adminstration O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -augmented O -the O -spontaneous O -firing O -rates O -of O -most O -of O -the O -neurons O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -the O -limbic O -system O -may O -play O -an O -important O -role O -in O -the O -behavioral O -excitement O -in O -cats O -induced O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -administration O -and O -also O -the O -depressant O -effect O -of O -the O -tranquilizer O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -SITS O -on O -chloride B-Chemical -permeation O -in O -Xenopus O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Monascus O -major O -ATCC O -16362 O -and O -Monascus O -rubiginosus O -ATCC O -16367 O -were O -cultivated O -aerobically O -on O -media O -containing O -nitrate B-Chemical -or O -ammonium B-Chemical -as O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -to O -which O -the O -following O -modifications O -were O -made O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -pH O -adjusted O -to O -2 O -. O -5 O -before O -sterilization O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -addition O -of O -yeast O -extract O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -addition O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids O -in O -identical O -proportions O -and O -concentrations O -to O -those O -found O -in O -yeast O -extract O -; O -( O -4 O -) O -adjustment O -of O -pH O -to O -2 O -. O -5 O -after O -addition O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -an O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -mixture O -did O -not O -increase O -mycelium O -formation O -to O -the O -same O -extent O -as O -yeast O -extract O -but O -increased O -the O -number O -of O -conidia O -, O -while O -pigment O -production O -was O -reduced O -, O -especially O -when O -nitrate B-Chemical -was O -the O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -inhibits O -nitrate B-Chemical -and O -ammonium B-Chemical -uptake O -suggesting O -the O -need O -for O -an O -early O -intracellular O -nitrogen B-Chemical -limitation O -to O -induce O -conidiation O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -carbachol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -atropine I-Chemical -interaction O -on O -intestinal O -smooth O -muscle O -vesicles O -, O -using O -a O -fluorescent O -probe O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -carbachol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -increase O -in O -ANS O -fluorescence O -was O -blocked O -noncompetitively O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -but O -not O -by O -tubocurarine O -or O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -atropine B-Chemical -nor O -carbachol B-Chemical -increased O -ANS O -fluorescence O -on O -either O -erythrocyte O -ghosts O -or O -liposomes O -( O -prepared O -from O -a O -lipid O -extract O -of O -the O -muscle O -membrane O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Highly O -purified O -Nebraska O -calf O -diarrhea O -virus O -( O -NCDV O -) O -was O -prepared O -by O -cesium O -chloride B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -. O - -aps B-category -NCDV O -hemagglutinin O -was O -inactivated O -by O -temperature O -, O -pH O -2 O -. O -0 O -, O -chloroform B-Chemical -, O -ethyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -and O -methyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Susceptibility O -to O -erythromycin B-Chemical -was O -determined O -for O -all O -pneumococci O -isolated O -in O -one O -laboratory O -from O -clinical O -specimens O -between O -1969 O -and O -1977 O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -October O -1973 O -to O -December O -1977 O -, O -64 O -( O -0 O -. O -71 O -% O -) O -of O -8995 O -pneumococcus O -isolates O -were O -resistant O -to O -erythromycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Certain O -strains O -of O -type O -33 O -and O -of O -type O -15 O -were O -highly O -resistant O -, O -the O -minimum O -inhibitory O -concentration O -( O -MIC O -) O -of O -erythromycin B-Chemical -being O -2000 O -microgram O -/ O -mL O -; O -these O -strains O -were O -also O -highly O -resistant O -to O -lincomycin O -and O -clindamycin O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -the O -erythromycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -pneumococci O -were O -suspectible O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymes O -studied O -were O -glutamic O -oxaloacetic O -transaminase O -( O -SGOT O -) O -, O -glutamic O -pyruvic O -transaminase O -( O -SGPT O -) O -, O -lactic O -dehydrogenase O -( O -LDH O -) O -, O -alpha O -- O -hydroxybutyrate O -dehydrogenase O -( O -alpha O -- O -HBDH O -) O -, O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transferase O -( O -gamma O -- O -GT O -) O -, O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphokinase O -( O -CPK O -) O -, O -and O -the O -myocardial O -- O -specific O -isoenzyme O -of O -CPK O -( O -CK O -- O -MB O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroglandular O -contacts O -between O -vasopressin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -reactive I-Chemical -fibers O -and O -cells O -of O -the O -pars O -tuberalis O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concept O -of O -a O -neuroglandular O -transmitter O -function O -of O -vasopressin B-Chemical -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Organ O -pHi O -altered O -in O -response O -to O -administration O -of O -NH4Cl O -or O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -to O -the O -host O -. O - -aps B-category -Flunitrazepam B-Chemical -combined O -with O -local O -anaesthesia O -in O -1400 O -operations O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -a O -10 O -min O -period O -of O -exposure O -of O -the O -bile O -or O -saline O -solutions O -to O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -surface O -of O -the O -gastric O -mucosa O -, O -samples O -of O -the O -stomachs O -were O -processed O -for O -routine O -scanning O -and O -transmission O -electron O -microscopy O -and O -light O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -prominent O -alteration O -was O -evident O -as O -a O -massive O -cytolysis O -of O -the O -epithelial O -cells O -which O -line O -the O -gastric O -glands O -, O -pits O -, O -and O -luminal B-Chemical -surface O -of O -the O -gastric O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -intact O -lamina O -propria O -in O -many O -areas O -where O -there O -was O -not O -extensive O -haemorrhage O -, O -following O -exposure O -of O -these O -solutions O -to O -the O -gastric O -mucosa O -, O -suggested O -the O -existence O -of O -a O -scaffolding O -structure O -for O -the O -proper O -orientation O -of O -the O -reconstruction O -process O -of O -epithelium O -of O -the O -glands O -, O -pits O -, O -and O -luminal B-Chemical -surface O -of O -the O -altered O -gastric O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -BL O -- O -S O -578 O -( O -Cefadroxil O -) O -is O -a O -new O -orally O -active O -semisynthetic O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -antibiotic O -with O -broad O -- O -spectrum O -antibacterial O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -properties O -studies O -such O -as O -, O -antibacterial O -activity O -, O -binding O -with O -serum O -proteins O -and O -stability O -in O -acid O -and O -neutral O -solution O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -for O -both O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -were O -similar O -. O - -aps B-category -BL O -- O -S O -578 O -was O -more O -resistant O -than O -cephalexin B-Chemical -to O -the O -beta O -- O -lactamases O -produced O -by O -Klebsiella O -pneumoniae O -and O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -and O -lorazepam B-Chemical -in O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mass O -fragmentography O -and O -the O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -are O -available O -actually O -for O -quantitation O -of O -very O -low O -levels O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antiparkinsonian O -drugs O -, O -the O -antidepressants B-Chemical -and O -the O -lithium B-Chemical -could O -influenced O -them O -. O - -aps B-category -Parachlorophenylalanine O -methyl O -ester O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -300 O -- O -350 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -ip O -) O -, O -resulted O -in O -significant O -inhibition O -of O -GH O -pulsatile O -secretion O -and O -suppressed O -PRL O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Atropine B-Chemical -sulfate O -( O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -iv O -) O -caused O -significant O -suppression O -in O -GH O -secretion O -, O -but O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -PRL O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -several O -neurotransmitters O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -, O -and O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -found O -in O -high O -concentration O -in O -the O -hypothalamus O -, O -influence O -GH O -and O -PRL O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Prevention O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -uterine O -hyperemia O -by O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -- O -blocking O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -incubation O -of O -[ O -4 O -- O -14C O -] O -progesterone B-Chemical -with O -cell O -- O -free O -homogenates O -of O -9 O -, O -10 O -- O -dimethyl O -- O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -benzanthracene O -( O -DMBA O -) O -- O -induced O -mammary O -tumor O -of O -rats O -, O -20 O -alpha O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -4 O -- O -pregnen O -- O -3 O -- O -one O -, O -5 O -alpha O -- O -pregnane O -- O -3 O -, O -20 O -- O -dione O -, O -20 O -alpha O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -5 O -alpha O -- O -pregnan O -- O -3 O -- O -one O -, O -3 O -alpha O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -5 O -alpha O -- O -pregnan O -- O -20 O -- O -one O -, O -and O -5 O -alpha O -- O -pregnane O -- O -3 O -alpha O -, O -20 O -alpha O -- O -diol O -were O -identified O -as O -the O -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -20 O -alpha O -- O -hydroxysteroid O -dehydrogenase O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -3 O -alpha O -- O -hydroxysteroid O -dehydrogenase O -were O -found O -mainly O -in O -the O -cytosol O -fractions O -of O -the O -tumor O -and O -the O -normal O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymes O -involved O -in O -conversion O -of O -pregnenolone O -to O -testosterone B-Chemical -in O -Leydig O -cell O -tumors O -showed O -a O -wide O -distribution O -among O -smooth O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -( O -SER O -) O -, O -rough O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -( O -RER O -) O -, O -and O -cytosol O -, O -while O -these O -enzymatic O -activities O -in O -normal O -testes O -were O -associated O -primarily O -with O -smooth O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -microsomal O -membranes O -from O -normal O -testes O -with O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -and O -Mg O -+ O -+ O -caused O -a O -marked O -decrease O -in O -17 O -beta O -- O -dehydrogenase O -activity O -, O -measured O -as O -conversion O -of O -exogenous O -[ O -3H O -] O -androstenedione O -to O -[ O -3H O -] O -- B-Chemical -testosterone I-Chemical -, O -without O -serious O -effects O -on O -activities O -of O -3 O -beta O -- O -ol O -- O -dehydrogenase O -or O -17 O -alpha O -- O -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -experiments O -using O -[ O -14C O -] O -progesterone B-Chemical -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -androstenedione O -simultaneously O -as O -substrates O -demonstrated O -that O -treatment O -with O -Mg O -+ O -+ O -ion O -made O -it O -more O -difficult O -for O -exogenous O -[ O -3H O -] O -androstenedione O -to O -reach O -the O -active O -site O -of O -17 O -beta O -- O -ol O -- O -dehydrogenase O -than O -[ O -14C O -] O -androstenedione O -formed O -in O -the O -microsomal O -membrane O -from O -[ O -14C O -] O -progesterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -importance O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -the O -ACTH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -increase O -in O -adrenal O -mitochondrial O -pregnenolone O -synthesis O -was O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -these O -effects O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -were O -slightly O -greater O -in O -control O -than O -in O -ACTH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -mitochondria O -, O -a O -sizeable O -effect O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -remained O -even O -at O -high O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -( O -500 O -micron O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -concentrations O -of O -added O -calcium B-Chemical -( O -500 O -micron O -or O -greater O -) O -obviated O -the O -need O -for O -the O -labile O -protein O -required O -for O -ACTH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -effects O -in O -intact O -mitochondria O -, O -presumably O -by O -disrupting O -mitochondria O -and O -allowing O -an O -" O -unrestrained O -" O -interaction O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -with O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -findings O -suggest O -that O -calcium B-Chemical -is O -required O -at O -the O -mitochondrial O -level O -for O -ACTH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -effects O -on O -pregnenolone O -synthesis O -, O -and O -the O -reported O -ACTH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -increase O -in O -intraadrenal O -calcium B-Chemical -may O -thus O -amplify O -the O -effects O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -on O -steroidogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -luteinizing O -hormone O -and O -prolactin O -control O -mechanisms O -produced O -by O -glutamate B-Chemical -lesions O -of O -the O -arcuate O -nucleus O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoelectric O -analysis O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -absence O -of O -urea B-Chemical -resolved O -the O -milk O -enzyme O -into O -at O -least O -13 O -different O -forms O -, O -nine O -of O -which O -had O -the O -same O -isoelectric O -points O -after O -refocusing O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -toxin O -migrated O -as O -a O -single O -protein O -band O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -/ O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -the O -interaction O -of O -ADP O -and O -dADP O -with O -copper B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -, O -manganese O -( O -II O -) O -and O -lanthanide O -( O -III O -) O -ions O -by O -nuclear O -- O -magnetic O -- O -resonance O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -with O -Cu O -( O -II O -) O -is O -more O -complex O -, O -coordination O -is O -observed O -not O -only O -at O -the O -diphosphate O -but O -also O -at O -two O -sites O -on O -the O -base O -, O -N O -- O -1 O -, O -and O -the O -chelate O -formed O -between O -N O -- O -7 O -and O -the O -amino B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -is O -described O -here O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -precipitation O -and O -subsequent O -CM O -- O -Sepharose O -CL O -- O -6B O -ion O -- O -exchange O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -direct O -, O -although O -not O -always O -exact O -, O -relation O -is O -established O -between O -the O -testicular O -histology O -and O -the O -testosterone B-Chemical -levels O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -4 O -, O -500 O -U O -of O -HCG O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -haemodynamic O -effects O -of O -the O -selective O -beta1 O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonist O -prenalterol O -were O -studied O -in O -healthy O -subjects O -before O -and O -after O -therapeutic O -doses O -of O -the O -selective O -beta1 O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocker O -metoprolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Alterations O -in O -blood O -levels O -of O -carbohydrate O -and O -lipid O -metabolites O -and O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -mediated O -by O -beta1 O -- O -and O -beta2 O -- O -adrenoceptors O -in O -beagle O -dogs O -: O -effects O -of O -procaterol B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -selective O -beta2 O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonist O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -metabolic O -alterations O -induced O -by O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -were O -blocked O -completely O -by O -pretreatment O -of O -the O -dog O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Salbutamol B-Chemical -, O -which O -is O -known O -to O -be O -an O -agonist O -of O -the O -beta O -2 O -- O -subtype O -in O -its O -bronchomotor O -and O -cardiovascular O -actions O -, O -produced O -marked O -increases O -in O -the O -blood O -concentrations O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -insulin O -but O -were O -without O -effect O -on O -the O -FFA O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonist O -, O -5 O -- O -( O -1 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -2 O -- O -isopropylaminobutyl O -) O -- O -8 O -- O -hydroxycarbostyril O -hydrochloride O -hemihydrate O -( O -Procaterol B-Chemical -) O -, O -was O -classified O -as O -a O -beta O -2 O -- O -agonist O -, O -because O -it O -markedly O -increased O -plasma O -concentrations O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -insulin O -but O -increased O -the O -plasma O -level O -of O -FFA O -to O -a O -lesser O -degree O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -a O -nonselective O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonist O -, O -and O -several O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonists O -, O -soterenol O -, O -salbutamol B-Chemical -, O -metaproterenol O -and O -ritodrine B-Chemical -elicited O -a O -dose O -- O -related O -relaxation O -of O -lung O -strip O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -agonists O -except O -ritodrine B-Chemical -were O -full O -agonists O -in O -the O -lung O -strip O -whereas O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -and O -metaproterenol O -were O -the O -only O -full O -agonists O -in O -the O -atrial O -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -verapamil B-Chemical -on O -the O -rate O -of O -spontaneous O -release O -of O -transmitter O -at O -the O -frog O -neuromuscular O -junction O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -it O -produces O -a O -small O -reduction O -in O -MEPP O -frequency O -at O -the O -frog O -neuromuscular O -junction O -, O -whereas O -the O -rate O -of O -spontaneous O -release O -rises O -following O -treatment O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -. O -This O -latter O -effect O -is O -augmented O -by O -raising O -[ O -Ca2 O -+ O -] O -0 O -to O -9 O -mM O -or O -, O -more O -especially O -, O -by O -raising O -the O -temperature O -from O -17 O -to O -23 O -degrees O -C O -. O -It O -is O -argued O -that O -both O -these O -opposing O -effects O -are O -related O -to O -the O -action O -of O -verapamil B-Chemical -in O -modifying O -[ O -Ca2 O -+ O -] O -i O -at O -the O -presynaptic O -terminals O -and O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -drug O -can O -affect O -both O -inward O -Ca2 O -+ O -flux O -( O -so O -reducing O -the O -steady O -- O -state O -position O -of O -[ O -Ca2 O -+ O -] O -i O -) O -and O -also O -, O -at O -higher O -concentration O -, O -either O -inhibit O -the O -membrane O -Ca2 O -+ O -pump O -or O -cause O -the O -release O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -from O -intracellular O -Ca2 O -+ O -stores O -( O -so O -raising O -[ O -Ca2 O -+ O -] O -i O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -basal O -arterial O -CO2 O -tensions O -were O -not O -significantly O -altered O -by O -apomorphine B-Chemical -, O -the O -mechanical O -response O -to O -exogenous O -CO2 O -exposure O -was O -greatly O -increased O -in O -rats O -given O -apomorphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -dopamine B-Chemical -neurons O -may O -have O -important O -interactions O -with O -respiratory O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -mecamylamine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Only O -the O -inhibition O -produced O -by O -clonidine B-Chemical -was O -antagonised O -by O -yohimbine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Guanfacin O -was O -more O -selective O -and O -tiamenidine O -less O -selective O -than O -clonidine B-Chemical -for O -presynaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influences O -of O -the O -dopaminergic O -system O -on O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -analgesia O -and O -respiratory O -depression O -were O -compared O -using O -modulators O -of O -dopaminergic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -depression O -of O -respiratory O -rate O -was O -potentiated O -by O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -inhibited O -by O -pimozide O -or O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -differences O -between O -brain O -capillary O -and O -parenchymal O -hexokinase O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -Parenchymal O -hexokinase O -is O -more O -susceptible O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -inhibition O -, O -can O -tolerate O -greater O -variations O -in O -the O -ATP O -concentration O -, O -is O -inhibited O -by O -increasing O -concentrations O -of O -fructose O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -and O -showed O -greater O -activity O -on O -the O -lower O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -electrical O -stimulation O -consistently O -increase O -efflux O -of O -labelled O -GABA B-Chemical -from O -the O -in O -vivo O -superfused O -rat O -dorsal O -medulla O -in O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -fashion O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -saline O -- O -induced O -diuresis O -in O -the O -rat O -by O -sulpiride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -inhibited O -saline O -- O -induced O -diuresis O -in O -the O -rat O -, O -an O -effect O -not O -observed O -with O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -clozapine B-Chemical -, O -pimozide O -or O -chloromazine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antihistaminic O -and O -antiserotonin O -properties O -of O -16 O -new O -tropine O -esters O -, O -analogues O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -tropacin O -and O -tropaphen O -, O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intensity O -of O -the O -antihistaminic O -and O -antiserotonin O -action O -of O -the O -drugs O -varied O -depending O -upon O -the O -structure O -of O -the O -radical O -at O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -atom O -in O -the O -acidic O -part O -of O -the O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absence O -of O -the O -oxymethyl O -group O -at O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -in O -the O -series O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -analogues O -is O -shown O -to O -facilitate O -the O -manifestation O -of O -the O -antihistaminic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectrofluorometric O -determination O -of O -the O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -content O -in O -the O -non O -- O -purified O -fraction O -of O -the O -rat O -' O -s O -brain O -stem O -synaptosomes O -and O -radioisotope O -method O -resulted O -in O -finding O -that O -carbidine O -is O -capable O -to O -release O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -from O -the O -nerve O -endings O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -release O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -with O -carbidine O -depends O -upon O -the O -presence O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -ions O -in O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -III O -- O -Origin O -of O -topographical O -dualism O -in O -the O -reaction O -of O -a O -receptor O -thiol B-Chemical -with O -symmetrical O -and O -unsymmetrical O -polyamine O -disulfides O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -methylation O -of O -a O -single O -inner O -nitrogen B-Chemical -on O -potency O -allowed O -the O -conclusion O -that O -each O -half O -of O -the O -unsymmetrical O -disulfide O -( O -XVI O -) O -respectively O -occupy O -half O -of O -the O -sites O -for O -( O -I O -) O -and O -half O -of O -those O -for O -( O -II O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Is O -there O -a O -membrane O -- O -bound O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -phosphatidylinositol O -phosphodiesterase O -in O -rat O -brain O -? O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -and O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductase O -from O -pig O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -Citrate B-Chemical -regulation O -of O -NADP O -+ O -- O -specific O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -of O -Aspergillus O -niger O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Topography O -of O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -of O -the O -cytoplasmic O -membrane O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -: O -the O -nitrate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -reducing I-Chemical -site O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Side O -- O -effects O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -caused O -termination O -of O -therapy O -in O -only O -one O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Efficacy O -was O -assessed O -by O -numbers O -of O -anginal O -attacks O -and O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -( O -GTN O -) O -usage O -, O -and O -exercise O -EKG O -on O -the O -bicycle O -ergometer O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -extended O -treatment O -period O -on O -nadolol B-Chemical -, O -the O -improvements O -over O -baseline O -readings O -were O -maintained O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -activity O -is O -induced O -also O -by O -addition O -to O -EcoRI O -solution O -of O -40 O -- O -- O -50 O -% O -glycerol O -or O -a O -number O -of O -organic O -solvents O -( O -dimethylacetamide O -( O -DMA O -) O -, O -dimethylformamide O -( O -DMF O -) O -, O -dimethylsulphoxide O -( O -DMSO B-Chemical -) O -, O -sulphalane O -( O -SP O -) O -in O -concentrations O -from O -1 O -to O -6 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -trial O -of O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -and O -oral O -sodium B-Chemical -cromoglycate O -in O -the O -maintenance O -of O -remission O -in O -ulcerative O -colitis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -percentage O -cumulative O -relapse O -rate O -after O -12 O -months O -' O -treatment O -was O -30 O -% O -in O -the O -33 O -patients O -treated O -with O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -compared O -with O -71 O -% O -in O -the O -25 O -treated O -with O -high O -dose O -sodium B-Chemical -cromoglycate O -, O -a O -highly O -significant O -difference O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -oral O -sodium B-Chemical -cromoglycate O -is O -considerably O -less O -effective O -than O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -in O -maintaining O -remission O -, O -and O -by O -analogy O -with O -results O -in O -other O -trials O -may O -be O -no O -more O -effective O -than O -placebo O -tablets O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -actions O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -and O -effects O -on O -the O -myocardial O -function O -, O -coronary O -circulation O -and O -myocardial O -energy O -metabolism O -thereof O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -in O -the O -isolated O -atrial O -preparation O -of O -the O -guinea O -pig O -and O -in O -canine O -HLP O -, O -labetalol B-Chemical -produced O -a O -positive O -inotropic O -and O -chronotropic O -effect O -and O -a O -slight O -increase O -in O -the O -coronary O -flow O -associated O -with O -a O -slight O -increase O -in O -the O -myocardial O -O2 O -consumption O -and O -improvement O -of O -the O -myocardial O -redox O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -positive O -inotropic O -and O -chrontropic O -effect O -was O -observed O -in O -HLP O -of O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pretreated I-Chemical -dogs O -and O -was O -abolished O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -doses O -higher O -than O -those O -required O -for O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -, O -labetalol B-Chemical -produced O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -antagonistic I-Chemical -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Production O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -by O -a O -Bacillus O -sp O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -and O -ammonium B-Chemical -nitrate B-Chemical -were O -found O -to O -be O -most O -suitable O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -sources O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -B O -vitamins O -stimulate O -the O -growth O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -yield O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -have O -different O -sites O -of O -action O -and O -work O -either O -by O -stimulating O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -( O -beta O -- O -sympathicomimetics O -) O -, O -by O -inhibiting O -the O -phosphodiesterase O -( O -theophylline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -derivatives I-Chemical -) O -or O -by O -blocking O -the O -cholinergic O -receptors O -( O -anticholinergica O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -with O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -its O -buffering O -period O -is O -about O -twice O -as O -long O -above O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -and O -about O -2 O -1 O -/ O -2 O -times O -as O -long O -at O -lower O -pH O -' O -s O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -protection O -and O -the O -alkalosis O -had O -disappeared O -4 O -hr O -after O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Treating O -acutely O -psychotic O -patients O -with O -high O -doses O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -New O -aspects O -of O -joint O -inflammation O -: O -white O -cells O -and O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -suitable O -prescription O -and O -dosages O -of O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -cocktail O -are O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -Phospho O -- O -beta O -- O -galactosidase O -( O -P O -- O -beta O -- O -gal O -) O -, O -the O -enzyme O -which O -catalyzes O -the O -first O -step O -in O -the O -metabolism O -of O -intracellular O -lactose O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -occurred O -at O -high O -specific O -activity O -in O -the O -cytoplasm O -in O -12 O -of O -13 O -strains O -of O -streptococcus O -mutans O -grown O -on O -lactose O -but O -not O -other O -carbon B-Chemical -sources O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetic O -response O -of O -P O -- O -beta O -- O -gal O -to O -a O -model O -substrate O -, O -o B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrophenyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactopyranoside I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -obeyed O -Michaelis O -- O -Menten O -kinetics O -, O -and O -the O -Km O -for O -this O -substrate O -was O -0 O -. O -19 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -inhibition O -of O -P O -- O -beta O -- O -gal O -activity O -by O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -, O -the O -inhibition O -exerted O -by O -ATP O -, O -galactose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -obeyed O -classical O -Michaelis O -- O -Menten O -kinetics O -; O -the O -Ki O -values O -for O -these O -inhibitors O -were O -0 O -. O -55 O -, O -1 O -. O -6 O -, O -and O -4 O -. O -0 O -mM O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -markedly O -stimulated O -LT O -synthesis O -when O -added O -to O -the O -basal O -salts B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulation O -by O -Fe O -( O -3 O -+ O -) O -was O -observed O -only O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -three O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -effect O -was O -indirect O -rather O -than O -on O -toxin O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -defined O -medium O -containing O -three O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -reduced O -the O -amount O -of O -UV O -- O -absorbing O -material O -in O -culture O -supernatants O -about O -fivefold O -and O -increased O -LT O -activity O -for O -various O -strains O -from O -two O -- O -to O -fivefold O -over O -a O -complex O -Casamino O -Acids O -- O -yeast O -extract O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Streptococcus O -mutans O -Ingbritt O -was O -grown O -anaerobically O -in O -a O -chemostat O -with O -a O -glucose B-Chemical -limitation O -, O -as O -well O -as O -with O -an O -excess O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -( O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -limitation O -) O -at O -dilution O -rates O -( O -D O -) O -between O -0 O -. O -05 O -and O -0 O -. O -4 O -h O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -( O -mean O -generation O -time O -= O -12 O -to O -1 O -. O -5 O -h O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -preferred O -substrate O -for O -these O -cells O -was O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -with O -the O -glycolytic O -rate O -for O -sucrose B-Chemical -being O -only O -slightly O -lower O -; O -the O -rate O -for O -fructose O -was O -half O -that O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -the O -activity O -of O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -phosphotransferase O -system O -( O -PTS O -) O -in O -the O -two O -types O -of O -cells O -showed O -that O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -cells O -had O -1 O -. O -7 O -- O -to O -5 O -. O -6 O -- O -fold O -greater O -PTS O -activity O -for O -the O -three O -sugars O -than O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -excess I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -grown I-Chemical -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -rate O -of O -sugar O -uptake O -in O -the O -chemostat O -with O -the O -rate O -of O -PTS O -transport O -activity O -in O -the O -cells O -at O -each O -growth O -rate O -demonstrated O -that O -only O -under O -conditions O -of O -slow O -growth O -with O -a O -glucose B-Chemical -limitation O -was O -the O -PTS O -system O -capable O -of O -supporting O -growth O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -evidence O -supports O -the O -observation O -that O -S O -. O -mutans O -possesses O -at O -least O -one O -other O -system O -, O -in O -addition O -to O -the O -PTS O -, O -for O -the O -transport O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -into O -the O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -showed O -that O -various O -Haemophilus O -isolates O -and O -H2O2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -splitting I-Chemical -asaccharolytic O -Bacteroides O -melaninogenicus O -strains O -constituted O -major O -segments O -of O -the O -monkey O -periodontal O -microflora O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -most O -strains O -, O -cells O -cultured O -in O -liquid O -gonococcal O -broth O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -yielded O -a O -peptidoglycan O -composed O -primarily O -of O -N O -- O -acetylmuramic O -acid O -N O -- O -acetylglucosamine O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -and O -diaminopimelic O -acid O -in O -a O -molar O -ratio O -of O -1 O -: O -1 O -: O -2 O -: O -1 O -: O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -expected O -from O -previous O -studies O -, O -polyinosinic O -acid O -, O -liquoid O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -pentosan O -polysulfate O -, O -aliphatic O -diamines O -and O -heparin B-Chemical -are O -good O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Immune O -complexes O -prepared O -with O -IgG O -antibody O -modified O -by O -P5P O -and O -stabilized O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -borohydride O -had O -the O -same O -complement O -- O -fixing O -and O -Clq O -- O -binding O -capacity O -as O -normal O -immune O -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -alcoholic O -history O -, O -current O -symptoms O -, O -physical O -findings O -, O -and O -laboratory O -tests O -indicate O -frequent O -multiple O -organ O -dysfunction O -in O -acute O -alcohol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -prolactin O -suppression O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -) O -and O -provocative O -( O -thorazine O -) O -tests O -along O -with O -the O -clomid O -test O -the O -intactness O -of O -hypothalamico O -- O -pituitary O -axis O -was O -assessed O -in O -a O -group O -of O -eight O -patients O -with O -galactorrhea O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -men O -were O -treated O -with O -96 O -mg O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -per O -day O -for O -7 O -days O -; O -this O -resulted O -in O -a O -slight O -decrease O -of O -the O -sperm O -- O -agglutination O -titre O -, O -but O -no O -pregnancy O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -occurrence O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -in O -the O -male O -reproductive O -organs O -is O -consistent O -, O -their O -physiological O -role O -in O -fertility O -and O -reproduction O -is O -not O -known O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -dissolved O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -was O -administered O -once O -a O -day O -at O -two O -dosages O -( O -300 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -and O -150 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -) O -over O -a O -period O -of O -12 O -days O -and O -a O -period O -of O -6 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -affecting O -separation O -of O -oxytocin B-Chemical -and O -its O -diastereoisomers O -- O -- O -structural O -implications O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -solvent O -, O -pH O -, O -and O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloacetyl O -groups O -as O -reversible O -protection O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -function O -: O -cleavage O -with O -2 O -- O -aminothiophenol O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -this O -mild O -method O -for O -removal O -of O -the O -haloacetyl O -group O -N O -- O -haloacetoxysuccinimide O -derivatives O -, O -which O -rapidly O -and O -specifically O -acylate O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -of O -polypeptides O -in O -aqueous O -solutions O -, O -become O -promising O -reagents O -for O -the O -reversible O -protection O -of O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -haloacetyl O -group O -also O -serves O -an O -analytical O -function O -in O -that O -treatment O -of O -a O -completely O -or O -partially O -haloacetylated O -polypeptide O -with O -cysteine B-Chemical -forms O -one O -carboxymethylcysteine O -residue O -per O -haloacetyl O -group O -in O -the O -polypeptide O -derivative O -. O - -aps B-category -Identification O -and O -observation O -of O -alkyl O -proton O -resonances O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -terminal I-Chemical -residues O -of O -bovine O -neurophysins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alanine B-Chemical -- O -CH3 O -resonance O -of O -neurophysin O -- O -I O -is O -a O -sharp O -doublet O -at O -all O -pH O -values O -between O -1 O -and O -10 O -. O -5 O -indicating O -relatively O -few O -restrictions O -on O -its O -mobility O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -differeces O -in O -the O -properties O -of O -the O -two O -proteins O -are O -partially O -mediated O -by O -conformational O -differences O -involving O -their O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -terminal I-Chemical -sequences O -. O - -aps B-category -' O -reporter O -' O -signals O -is O -additionally O -demonstrated O -by O -studies O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -spin O -labels O -on O -the O -neurophysin O -- O -I O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -terminal I-Chemical -alanine B-Chemical -resonance O -; O -these O -studies O -place O -the O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -terminus I-Chemical -of O -neurophysin O -- O -I O -approximately O -14 O -A O -from O -residue O -3 O -of O -peptides O -bound O -to O -the O -strong O -neurophysin O -hormone O -- O -binding O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -and O -biochemical O -evidence O -of O -oculocutaneous O -tyrosinosis O -, O -a O -rare O -disease O -due O -to O -hepatic O -soluble O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -STAT O -) O -deficiency O -, O -was O -found O -in O -a O -3 O -1 O -/ O -2 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -girl O -and O -in O -her O -maternal O -aunt O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -used O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -to O -examine O -the O -regulation O -and O -adenylylation O -states O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetases O -( O -GSs O -) O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -( O -GS O -( O -E O -) O -) O -and O -Klebsiella O -aerogenes O -( O -GS O -( O -K O -) O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -for O -both O -GS O -( O -K O -) O -and O -GS O -( O -E O -) O -, O -adenylylated O -subunits O -( O -GS O -( O -K O -) O -- B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -[ O -AMP O -] O -and O -GS O -( O -E O -) O -- O -AMP O -) O -had O -lesser O -mobilities O -in O -SDS O -gels O -than O -did O -the O -corresponding O -non O -- O -adenylylated O -subunits O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -inhibited O -by O -ethylenediaminetetraacetate O -and O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -reagents O -, O -has O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -about O -8 O -. O -0 O -, O -and O -has O -Km O -values O -for O -3 O -- O -phosphoglyceric O -acid O -and O -Mn2 O -+ O -of O -5 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -and O -4 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -cocci O -were O -more O -sensitive O -both O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -and O -to O -cephalexin B-Chemical -than O -were O -rods O -, O -but O -they O -showed O -a O -high O -level O -of O -resistance O -to O -mecillinam O -. O - -aps B-category -Release O -of O -the O -cellulase O -required O -heat O -activation O -of O -the O -spores O -and O -occurred O -during O -the O -swelling O -stage O -of O -germination O -; O -inhibition O -of O -the O -emergence O -stage O -with O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -release O -of O -the O -cellulase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mutase O -has O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -about O -74 O -, O -000 O -as O -shown O -by O -Sephadex O -gel O -filtration O -and O -by O -acrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -; O -it O -consisted O -of O -one O -polypeptide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -same O -extracts O -catalyzed O -the O -oxidation O -of O -formate O -and O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -gas O -; O -the O -spectrum O -of O -electron O -acceptors O -was O -identical O -for O -the O -three O -substrates O -, O -CO O -, O -formate O -, O -and O -H O -( O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -free O -formate O -nor O -hydrogen B-Chemical -gas O -is O -an O -intermediate O -of O -the O -CO O -oxidation O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -p O -- O -Nitrobenzoic O -acid O -, O -p O -- O -aminobenzoic O -acid O -, O -enteromycin O -, O -and O -omega B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -were O -not O -attacked O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -nitroalkane O -- O -oxidizing O -enzyme O -from O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -producing I-Chemical -Streptomyces O -achromogenes O -subsp O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -Tiron O -, O -oxine O -, O -and O -nitroxyl O -radical O -acted O -as O -potent O -inhibitors O -of O -this O -enzyme O -, O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -was O -essentially O -without O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Reducing O -agents O -, O -such O -as O -glutathione B-Chemical -, O -reduced O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -, O -and O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -reduced O -form O -, O -as O -well O -as O -thiol B-Chemical -compounds O -, O -were O -strongly O -inhibitory O -, O -but O -cyanide O -had O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -previously O -characterized O -, O -poorly O -lytic O -, O -chain O -- O -forming O -mutants O -of O -B O -. O -subtilis O -168 O -, O -strains O -FJ3 O -( O -temperature O -conditional O -) O -and O -FJ6 O -, O -each O -90 O -to O -95 O -% O -deficient O -in O -the O -production O -of O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylmuramyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -amidase O -and O -endo O -- O -beta O -- O -N O -- O -acetylglucosaminidase O -, O -were O -observed O -to O -be O -nonmotile O -at O -35 O -degrees O -C O -in O -a O -variety O -of O -liquid O -and O -semisolid O -meida O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -minimal O -media O -lacking O -galactose B-Chemical -( O -restrictive O -conditions O -) O -, O -the O -B O -. O -licheniformis O -mutants O -failed O -to O -form O -flagella O -, O -or O -had O -serious O -abnormalities O -in O -flagellar O -morphogenesis O -and O -motility O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -dose O -desipramine B-Chemical -, O -plasma O -drug O -levels O -and O -clinical O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethopropazine B-Chemical -and O -benztropine B-Chemical -in O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -parkinsonism O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethopropazine B-Chemical -and O -benztropine B-Chemical -were O -found O -to O -be O -equally O -effective O -in O -controlling O -parkinsonian O -symptoms O -and O -were O -as O -efficacious O -as O -procyclidine B-Chemical -, O -their O -previous O -antiparkinsonian O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -that O -benztropine B-Chemical -is O -not O -the O -anticholinergic O -drug O -of O -choice O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -parkinsonian O -symptoms O -, O -because O -of O -its O -more O -toxic O -central O -and O -peripheral O -atropinic O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Life O -threatening O -cardiac O -symptoms O -forced O -the O -continuation O -of O -propanolol B-Chemical -until O -the O -bundle O -of O -His O -was O -surgically O -severed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -reductase O -, O -like O -the O -membrane O -- O -bound O -reductase O -, O -was O -not O -inhibited O -by O -thiol B-Chemical -reagents O -. O - -aps B-category -Pellicular O -ATPase O -was O -solubilized O -by O -sonication O -and O -fractionated O -by O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -not O -due O -to O -exposure O -of O -a O -buried O -tyrosyl O -residue O -on O -alkali B-Chemical -denaturation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -dependence O -of O -the O -kinetic O -parameters O -in O -H2O2 B-Chemical -decomposition O -by O -beef O -liver O -catalase O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -extracting O -TF0 O -with O -chloroform B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methanol I-Chemical -, O -the O -band O -8 O -protein O -was O -obtained O -as O -a O -proteolipid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -band O -8 O -protein O -indicated O -that O -this O -protein O -contained O -an O -extremely O -high O -percentage O -of O -hydrophobic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -29 O -in O -polarity O -) O -and O -was O -devoid O -of O -histidine O -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -, O -cysteine B-Chemical -, O -and O -lysine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -constants O -which O -characterize O -the O -formation O -and O -breakdown O -of O -the O -noncovalent O -( O -E O -. O -P O -) O -and O -covalent O -( O -E O -- O -P O -) O -enzyme B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -intermediates O -on O -the O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -reaction O -pathway O -are O -known O -to O -be O -sensitive O -to O -the O -nature O -of O -the O -metal O -ion O -bound O -to O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -result O -provides O -the O -first O -unequivocal O -evidence O -for O -direct O -metal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -interaction O -in O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -, O -and O -some O -kinetic O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylalanine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -was O -purified O -approximately O -3000 O -- O -fold O -to O -apparent O -homogeneity O -with O -a O -13 O -% O -yield O -and O -crystalized O -from O -L O -- O -phenylalanine O -- O -induced O -cells O -of O -Chromobacterium O -violaceum O -. O - -aps B-category -Apparent O -Km O -values O -for O -L O -- O -phenylalanine O -and O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -, O -7 O -- O -dimethyltetrahydropteridine O -were O -140 O -and O -54 O -muM O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -siderophore O -( O -microbial O -iron B-Chemical -transport O -compound O -) O -was O -isolated O -from O -low O -iron B-Chemical -cultures O -of O -Agrobacterium O -tumefaciens O -B6 O -. O - -aps B-category -Exposure O -to O -acid O -opened O -the O -oxazoline O -ring O -to O -afford O -agrobactin O -A O -. O -Ferric O -agrobactin O -A O -and O -agrobactin O -A O -itself O -, O -but O -not O -agrobactin O -or O -its O -ferric O -complex O -, O -had O -some O -capacity O -to O -feed O -iron B-Chemical -to O -enterobactin O -- O -deficient O -strains O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -and O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -model O -for O -nucleotide B-Chemical -binding O -as O -a O -function O -of O -temperature O -and O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -ligands O -which O -affect O -the O -apparent O -affinity O -for O -nucleotide B-Chemical -binding O -at O -the O -inhibitory O -site O -act O -by O -shifting O -the O -apparent O -pK O -of O -the O -ionizable O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -6 O -. O -9 O -in O -0 O -. O -05 O -M O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -low O -concentrations O -of O -MgATP O -or O -MgGTP O -enhance O -the O -protein O -fluorescence O -due O -to O -binding O -at O -the O -active O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -Norepinephrine I-Chemical -and O -other O -catecholamines B-Chemical -inhibit O -basal O -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -activities O -by O -35 O -to O -60 O -% O -in O -homogenates O -of O -NG108 O -- O -15 O -neuroblastoma O -x O -gloma O -hybrid O -cells O -and O -markedly O -reduce O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -35 O -: O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -levels O -of O -intact O -cells O -, O -but O -do O -not O -affect O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -on O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -initially O -is O -dependent O -on O -GTP O -; O -half O -- O -maximal O -inhibition O -of O -enzyme O -activity O -by O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -is O -obtained O -with O -0 O -. O -2 O -micron O -GTP O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitions O -of O -NG108 O -- O -15 O -adenylate O -cyclase O -mediated O -by O -alpha O -receptors O -, O -opiate O -receptors O -, O -and O -muscarinic O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptors O -are O -not O -additive O -; O -this O -suggests O -that O -the O -three O -species O -of O -receptors O -can O -be O -functionally O -coupled O -to O -the O -same O -adenylate O -cyclase O -molecules O -or O -molecules O -regulating O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -on O -stearyl O -- O -CoA O -desaturase O -activity O -and O -microsomal O -membrane O -properties O -in O -rooster O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Concomitant O -administration O -of O -the O -diuretic B-Chemical -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -decreased O -blood O -pressure O -in O -a O -previously O -unresponsive O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -renin O -activity O -and O -plasma O -aldosterone B-Chemical -concentration O -were O -not O -changed O -significantly O -by O -the O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decline O -in O -serum O -concentration O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -was O -consistent O -with O -the O -drug O -' O -s O -reported O -half O -- O -life O -of O -12 O -. O -2 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effectiveness O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -may O -be O -enhanced O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -a O -diuretic B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -accumulation O -was O -inhibited O -significantly O -by O -probenecid O -, O -phenol B-Chemical -red O -, O -dinitrophenol O -and O -iodoacetamide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -of O -choline B-Chemical -by O -Streptococcus O -pneumoniae O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -inhibited O -by O -iodoacetate O -, O -dinitrophenol O -and O -oligomycin O -but O -not O -by O -structural O -analogues O -of O -choline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -same O -constitutive O -system O -was O -probably O -used O -by O -both O -ethanolamine O -and O -choline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -on O -the O -peptization O -of O -ferric O -hydroxide O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -- O -solubility O -profiles O -were O -determined O -for O -doxycycline O -monohydrate O -in O -water O -and O -in O -1 O -. O -0 O -M O -NaNO3 O -- O -HNO3 O -and O -NaCl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCl I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Added O -chloride B-Chemical -ion O -strongly O -suppressed O -the O -solubility O -of O -the O -hydrochloride O -dihydrate O -salt B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -concentration O -on O -NMR O -and O -visible O -spectra O -indicated O -that O -dimerization O -resulted O -from O -intermolecular O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonding O -of O -the O -phenolic O -beta O -- O -diketone O -portion O -of O -the O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -and O -mechanism O -of O -hydrolysis O -of O -1 O -- O -( O -2 O -' O -- O -acetoxybenzoyl O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -deoxy O -- O -alpha O -- O -D O -- O -glucopyranose O -, O -a O -novel O -aspirin B-Chemical -prodrug O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspirin B-Chemical -formation O -was O -first O -order O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -prodrug O -and O -zero O -order O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -hydroxide O -- O -ion O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -prodrug O -to O -aspirin B-Chemical -proceeds O -by O -an O -SN1 O -- O -type O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -their O -isoelectric O -pH O -, O -cephradine O -monohydrate O -was O -the O -most O -soluble O -, O -followed O -by O -cephalexin B-Chemical -monohydrate O -and O -cephaloglycin O -dihydrate O -, O -with O -intrinsic O -solubilities O -of O -26 O -. O -0 O -, O -17 O -. O -2 O -, O -and O -14 O -. O -8 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Cast O -films O -composed O -of O -different O -ratios O -of O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -and O -ethylcellulose O -containing O -salicylic O -acid O -, O -caffeine B-Chemical -, O -and O -tripelennamine O -as O -model O -dispersed O -drugs O -were O -prepared O -and O -exhibited O -sustained O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -logarithm O -of O -the O -rate O -constant O -was O -proportional O -to O -the O -fraction O -of O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -in O -the O -film O -. O - -aps B-category -IR O -, O -X O -- O -ray O -diffraction O -, O -and O -absorption O -studies O -showed O -that O -digoxin B-Chemical -is O -adsorbed O -onto O -montmorillonite O -by O -a O -reversible O -adsorption O -mechanism O -at O -pH O -2 O -and O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -Accelerated O -digoxin B-Chemical -degradation O -is O -attributed O -to O -the O -ability O -of O -the O -clay O -surface O -to O -concentrate O -both O -digoxin B-Chemical -and O -protons O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antibody O -is O -incubated O -with O -mixed O -periotoneal O -cells O -at O -37 O -degrees O -, O -and O -the O -cell O -- O -bound O -IgE O -is O -separated O -from O -unbound O -label O -by O -sedimentation O -through O -an O -8 O -% O -sucrose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -polymer I-Chemical -solution O -in O -microsediment O -tubes O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -N O -- O -substituted O -urea B-Chemical -and O -cyclic O -urea B-Chemical -derivatives O -were O -synthesized O -and O -evaluated O -as O -repellents O -for O -Aedes O -aegypti O -mosquitoes O -with O -an O -in O -vitro O -blood O -- O -feeding O -test O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -in O -the O -bovine O -chromaffin O -granule O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -imposed O -pH O -gradient O -leads O -to O -amine B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -the O -' O -ghosts O -' O -: O -a O -potential O -gradient O -leads O -to O -ATP O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -ATP O -has O -two O -known O -roles O -in O -chromaffin O -granule O -structure O -: O -the O -first O -is O -as O -a O -substrate O -for O -a O -membrane O -- O -bound O -proton O -- O -translocating O -ATPase O -; O -the O -second O -is O -as O -a O -component O -of O -the O -intragranular O -catecholamine B-Chemical -storage O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -transmission O -was O -abolished O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -solution O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -injected O -in O -the O -region O -of O -the O -synapse O -caused O -partial O -recovery O -of O -the O -EIPSP O -; O -when O -calcium B-Chemical -injection O -was O -preceded O -by O -serotonin B-Chemical -injection O -near O -the O -same O -terminal O -, O -the O -EIPSP O -was O -much O -larger O -than O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -injection O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Consequent O -accumulation O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -in O -these O -terminals O -is O -supposed O -to O -have O -increased O -their O -voltage O -- O -dependent O -calcium B-Chemical -conductance O -and O -hence O -the O -amount O -of O -transmitter O -released O -during O -an O -action O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Type O -III O -alloy O -was O -joined O -with O -the O -recommended O -gold B-Chemical -solder O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -story O -. O - -aps B-category -beta2 O -selectivity O -of O -the O -C O -- O -5 O -isomer O -was O -minimal O -, O -with O -a O -potency O -about O -one O -- O -hundredth O -that O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Antihypertensive O -effects O -of O -a O -combination O -of O -a O -diuretic B-Chemical -and O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agent O -in O -conscious O -, O -renal O -hypertensive O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -ACTH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -rabbit O -adrenal O -17alpha O -- O -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -the O -human O -fetal O -adrenal O -gland O -- O -- O -properties O -of O -17alpha O -- O -hydroxylase O -and O -C17 O -- O -C20 O -lyase O -in O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical -from O -pregnenolone O -. O - -aps B-category -Symposium O -: O -Polyunsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -their O -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -platelet O -phospholipase O -A2 O -preferentially O -splits O -off O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -with O -four O -double O -bonds O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -profile O -decreases O -the O -rate O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -at O -the O -exponential O -growth O -phase O -and O -increases O -the O -rate O -of O -accumulation O -of O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -growth O -medium O -with O -its O -subsequent O -accelerated O -utilization O -at O -the O -phase O -of O -deceleration O -of O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -is O -an O -effective O -anti O -- O -Parkinsonian O -agent O -, O -particularly O -useful O -in O -patients O -with O -prominent O -dyskinesia O -or O -" O -on O -- O -off O -" O -reactions O -to O -levodopa B-Chemical -; O -in O -most O -patients O -optimal O -results O -have O -been O -obtained O -by O -combining O -from O -40 O -to O -90 O -mg O -of O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -daily O -with O -approximately O -60 O -% O -of O -the O -previous O -maximal O -dose O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -effect O -of O -metipranolol O -on O -the O -carbohydrate O -metabolism O -in O -diabetics O -treated O -with O -glibenclamide B-Chemical -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -18 O -patients O -with O -advanced O -lesions O -who O -survived O -at O -least O -3 O -months O -treatment O -the O -markers O -predicted O -progression O -in O -92 O -% O -of O -25 O -incidents O -of O -progression O -; O -the O -mean O -lead B-Chemical -time O -was O -2 O -. O -8 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -cases O -the O -markers O -predicted O -progression O -with O -a O -mean O -lead B-Chemical -time O -of O -6 O -months O -; O -in O -a O -further O -six O -patients O -the O -markers O -have O -indicated O -progression O -, O -but O -as O -yet O -their O -disease O -is O -not O -detectable O -, O -the O -mean O -lead B-Chemical -time O -being O -at O -least O -8 O -. O -6 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -NMR O -study O -of O -the O -interactions O -between O -flurazepam B-Chemical -and O -human O -serum O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -polymorphs O -from O -both O -species O -respond O -to O -phagocytosis O -with O -an O -increased O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -, O -an O -increased O -generation O -of O -O2 O -and O -H2O2 B-Chemical -, O -and O -an O -increased O -oxidation O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -through O -the O -hexose O -monophosphate O -shunt O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -extent O -of O -hexose O -monophosphate O -shunt O -stimulation O -in O -chicken O -polymorphs O -is O -comparable O -to O -that O -of O -guinea O -pig O -polymorphs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -20 O -, O -000 O -g O -fraction O -of O -the O -postnuclear O -supernatant O -of O -chicken O -polymorphs O -contains O -a O -cyanide O -- O -insensitive O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidizing O -activity O -which O -is O -stimulated O -during O -phagocytosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -difference O -in O -the O -H2O2 B-Chemical -degradation O -pathways O -between O -the O -two O -species O -is O -accounted O -for O -by O -the O -lack O -of O -myeloperoxidase O -and O -catalase O -in O -chicken O -polymorphs O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -investigate O -this O -possibility O -for O -lupine O -Lb O -I O -, O -the O -affinity O -of O -this O -protein O -to O -cyanide O -( O -CN O -- O -) O -, O -azide O -( O -N3 O -- O -) O -, O -fluoride B-Chemical -( O -F O -- O -) O -, O -thiocyanate O -( O -NCS O -- O -) O -, O -imidazole O -( O -Im O -) O -, O -nicotinic O -acid O -( O -NA O -) O -, O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -has O -been O -investigated O -, O -using O -: O -0 O -. O -05 O -M O -MES O -, O -pH O -5 O -. O -2 O -- O -6 O -. O -5 O -; O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -Na B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -in O -0 O -. O -05 O -M O -Tris O -- O -buffer O -, O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -- O -9 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -( O -0 O -. O -007 O -% O -) O -, O -ethyl O -ether B-Chemical -( O -2 O -% O -) O -and O -heating O -up O -to O -42 O -degrees O -activated O -the O -Hill O -reaction O -but O -inhibited O -methylviologen O -reduction O -. O - -aps B-category -Beta O -- O -2 O -- O -blocking O -effect O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -paper O -the O -results O -of O -a O -multidisciplinary O -long O -term O -and O -controlled O -study O -on O -chronic O -cannabis B-Chemical -use O -are O -critically O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -part O -of O -the O -study O -consisted O -of O -: O -( O -a O -) O -a O -controlled O -histochemical O -and O -electron O -- O -microscopic O -investigation O -of O -blood O -cells O -and O -sperm O -, O -aimed O -at O -revealing O -changes O -produced O -by O -cannabis B-Chemical -at O -the O -molecular O -level O -, O -particularly O -in O -the O -cell O -- O -nuclear O -area O -; O -( O -b O -) O -a O -biochemical O -investigation O -of O -changes O -in O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -and O -substances O -related O -to O -their O -metabolism O -and O -function O -during O -cannabis B-Chemical -pre B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -smoking I-Chemical -and O -postsmoking O -periods O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -findings O -from O -this O -part O -of O -this O -study O -indicated O -that O -cannabis B-Chemical -' O -acute O -effects O -in O -man O -are O -correlated O -with O -changes O -in O -metabolism O -directly O -related O -to O -biogenic O -amine B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -and O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Substance B-Chemical -P I-Chemical -: O -characteristics O -of O -binding O -to O -synaptic O -vesicles O -of O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Incompatibility O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -with O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -in O -all O -brain O -areas O -and O -at O -all O -ages O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -were O -more O -affected O -by O -HA O -than O -the O -catabolizing O -enzymes O -, O -and O -their O -activity O -was O -increased O -in O -some O -areas O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -cerebral O -cortex O -and O -cerebellum O -) O -but O -decreased O -in O -other O -areas O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -hypothalamus O -, O -mesodiencephalon O -, O -corpus O -striatum O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -appears O -that O -an O -hypoxic O -environment O -may O -provoke O -both O -early O -and O -long O -- O -term O -alterations O -in O -catecholamine B-Chemical -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -metabolism O -, O -thus O -neurotransmitter O -imbalances O -may O -explain O -some O -of O -the O -alterations O -in O -neurologic O -and O -endocrine O -development O -characteristic O -of O -the O -hypoxic O -animal O -. O - -aps B-category -Intrastriatal O -injections O -of O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -are O -known O -to O -destroy O -striatal O -neurons O -including O -many O -containing O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -( O -CAT O -) O -and O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -( O -GAD O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -partly O -blocked O -by O -coinjection O -of O -some O -but O -not O -all O -glutamate B-Chemical -antagonists O -or O -by O -prior O -lesioning O -of O -the O -corticostriatal O -tract O -. O - -aps B-category -MAO O -and O -acetylcholinesterase O -activities O -were O -depressed O -in O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lesioned I-Chemical -striata O -but O -not O -nearly O -as O -much O -as O -were O -CAT O -and O -GAD O -. O - -aps B-category -Modification O -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -Abnormal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -metabolism O -and O -brain O -protein O -synthesis O -during O -neural O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -GH O -levels O -were O -also O -drastically O -reduced O -by O -depletion O -of O -brain O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -SER O -) O -levels O -and O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -and O -were O -increased O -by O -blockade O -of O -the O -H1 O -histamine B-Chemical -( O -HIS O -) O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Depletion O -of O -brain O -catecholamine B-Chemical -stores O -or O -blockade O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -antagonized O -the O -restraint O -- O -induced O -rise O -of O -plasma O -Prl O -values O -, O -while O -the O -decrease O -of O -GH O -elicited O -by O -stress O -was O -not O -modified O -by O -any O -pharmacological O -manipulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -muscarine B-Chemical -on O -cholinoceptive O -neurones O -subserving O -the O -peristaltic O -reflex O -of O -guinea O -- O -pig O -isolated O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -active O -antibiotics O -are O -: O -minocyclin O -, O -pristinamycin O -, O -erythromycin B-Chemical -, O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -, O -oxytetracyclin O -, O -kanamycin B-Chemical -, O -tobramycin B-Chemical -, O -streptomycin B-Chemical -, O -in O -this O -order O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibodies O -specific O -for O -intact O -7 O -- O -methylguanosine O -( O -m7G O -) O -were O -induced O -in O -rabbits O -and O -mice O -by O -immunization O -with O -nucleoside B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -BSA I-Chemical -or O -nucleoside B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hemocyanin I-Chemical -conjugates O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -periodate O -oxidation O -, O -m7G O -was O -incubated O -with O -protein O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -1 O -at O -4 O -degrees O -C O -for O -one O -hour O -during O -which O -the O -nucleoside B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -stable O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -" O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -" O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -agents O -have O -a O -strong O -and O -selective O -antagonistic O -action O -on O -synaptic O -mechanisms O -in O -the O -brain O -mediated O -by O -dopamine B-Chemical -as O -a O -neurotransmitter O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -significance O -of O -the O -abnormalities O -of O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -metabolism O -are O -considered O -in O -relation O -to O -biopterin O -derivatives O -and O -their O -relevance O -to O -neurological O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -molar O -urea B-Chemical -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -) O -and O -column O -chromatography O -on O -Sepharose O -4B O -were O -used O -to O -separate O -clathrin O -( O -coat O -protein O -) O -from O -the O -membrane O -of O -coated O -vesicles O -from O -bovine O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Translocation O -of O -intracellular O -glutathione B-Chemical -to O -membrane O -- O -bound O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -as O -a O -discrete O -step O -in O -the O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -cycle O -: O -glutathionuria O -after O -inhibition O -of O -transpeptidase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -evidence O -suggests O -that O -a O -substantial O -fraction O -of O -the O -urinary O -glutathione B-Chemical -arises O -from O -the O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -in O -vivo O -inhibition O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -synthesis O -and O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -provide O -direct O -evidence O -that O -glutathione B-Chemical -is O -normally O -translocated O -from O -tissues O -to O -the O -blood O -plasma O -and O -that O -the O -turnover O -of O -plasma O -glutathione B-Chemical -is O -relatively O -high O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -synthesized O -in O -cells O -that O -have O -transpeptidase O -may O -be O -translocated O -to O -and O -used O -by O -the O -membrane O -- O -bound O -enzyme O -, O -whereas O -glutathione B-Chemical -synthesized O -in O -cells O -that O -lack O -the O -transpeptidase O -may O -be O -transported O -via O -the O -plasma O -to O -transpeptidase O -located O -on O -the O -membranes O -of O -other O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulation O -was O -stereospecific O -, O -dose O -- O -dependent O -, O -and O -inhibited O -by O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonist O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Direct O -stimulation O -of O -adenylate O -cyclase O -[ O -ATP O -pyrophosphate O -- O -lyase O -( O -cyclizing O -) O -, O -EC O -4 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -] O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -or O -cholera O -toxin O -did O -not O -increase O -the O -methylation O -of O -phospholipids O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -of O -phospholipid O -methylation O -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isoproterenol I-Chemical -decreased O -membrane O -viscosity O -and O -increased O -translocation O -of O -methylated O -lipids O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -tested O -is O -mutagenic O -in O -the O -dark O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -has O -been O -accomplished O -by O -immunocytochemical O -detection O -, O -within O -the O -cells O -, O -of O -the O -enzymes O -catalyzing O -catecholamine B-Chemical -biosynthesis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -hydroxylase O -[ O -TH O -; O -tyrosine B-Chemical -3 O -- O -monooxygenase O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -, O -tetrahydropteridine O -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -( O -3 O -- O -hydroxylating O -) O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -14 O -. O -16 O -. O -2 O -] O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -[ O -DBH O -; O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydroxyphenylethylamine O -, O -ascorbate O -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -( O -beta O -- O -hydroxylating O -) O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -14 O -. O -17 O -. O -1 O -) O -] O -- O -and O -, O -as O -a O -marker O -of O -prospective O -adrenal O -medullary O -cells O -, O -the O -enzyme O -phenylethanolamine O -N O -- O -methyltransferase O -( O -PNMT O -; O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -: O -phenylethanolamine O -N O -- O -methyltransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -28 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -alkaline O -extraction O -, O -purified O -subsynaptic O -fragments O -isolated O -from O -Torpedo O -electric O -tissue O -exhibit O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -/ O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -predominant O -peptides O -of O -apparent O -Mr O -41 O -, O -000 O -, O -50 O -, O -000 O -, O -and O -65 O -, O -000 O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -the O -peptides O -characteristic O -of O -the O -nicotinic O -receptor O -purified O -and O -isolated O -in O -detergent O -solutions O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -not O -only O -the O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -binding O -site O -, O -but O -also O -the O -local O -anesthetic O -binding O -site O -, O -must O -be O -associated O -with O -the O -peptides O -of O -the O -cholinergic O -receptor O -itself O -and O -not O -that O -of O -Mr O -43 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -contains O -more O -residues O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -, O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -and O -arginine O -and O -fewer O -of O -histidine O -than O -the O -well O -- O -studied O -thymidylate O -synthetase O -from O -Lactobacillus O -casei O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -NADPH B-Chemical -as O -the O -electron O -donor O -, O -rat O -liver O -NADPH B-Chemical -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -reductase O -( O -NADPH B-Chemical -: O -ferricytochrome O -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -6 O -. O -2 O -. O -4 O -) O -catalyzes O -the O -single O -- O -electron O -reduction O -of O -several O -quinone O -antibiotics O -to O -a O -semiquinone O -or O -free O -radical O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -there O -was O -a O -random O -temporal O -relation O -between O -the O -firing O -times O -of O -adjacent O -nerve O -cells O -of O -intact O -cortex O -, O -provided O -the O -cat O -was O -awake O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -specified O -dopamine B-Chemical -neuron O -in O -Planorbis O -corneus O -produces O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -e O -. O -p O -. O -s O -. O -ps O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -s O -. O -ps O -or O -biphasic O -, O -depolarizing O -- O -hyperpolarizing O -p O -. O -s O -. O -ps O -in O -different O -follower O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -150 O -ms O -) O -e O -. O -p O -. O -s O -. O -ps O -, O -often O -of O -variable O -amplitude O -, O -and O -a O -rapid O -, O -quickly O -desensitizing O -, O -response O -to O -iontophoresed O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -i O -. O -p O -. O -s O -. O -ps O -mediated O -by O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -neuron O -are O -produced O -by O -an O -increase O -in O -permeability O -to O -K O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -interactions O -with O -nerve O -membrane O -components O -regulating O -ionic O -permeability O -: O -action O -of O -tetrodotoxin O -, O -procaine B-Chemical -, O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -, O -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Chloride O -permeability O -appears O -activated O -almost O -entirely O -by O -protonation O -of O -amino B-Chemical -side O -groups O -on O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -tetrodotoxin O -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -amphipathic O -molecules O -procaine B-Chemical -and O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -, O -on O -the O -passive O -ionic O -conductances O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -animals O -made O -dependent O -with O -ethanol B-Chemical -showed O -an O -increased O -passive O -sodium B-Chemical -conductance O -which O -further O -increased O -following O -ethanol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Analysis O -of O -products O -and O -modes O -of O -decomposition O -of O -dimethindene O -maleate B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Cataloptogenic O -effects O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -were O -almost O -completely O -abolished O -in O -VB O -- O -lesioned O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -supposed O -that O -lesions O -of O -the O -VB O -lead B-Chemical -to O -increased O -activity O -in O -dopaminergic O -neurons O -in O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Enhancement O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diazepam I-Chemical -binding O -by O -SQ O -65 O -, O -396 O -: O -a O -novel O -anti O -- O -anxiety O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -was O -due O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -affinity O -for O -the O -ligand O -, O -without O -a O -change O -in O -the O -number O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diazepam I-Chemical -binding O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -other O -substances O -and O -treatments O -increase O -the O -affinity O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diazepam I-Chemical -for O -its O -receptors O -by O -mechanisms O -which O -may O -be O -related O -to O -the O -effect O -produced O -by O -SQ O -65 O -, O -396 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -ability O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -to O -inhibit O -specific O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diazepam I-Chemical -binding O -correlated O -with O -their O -ability O -to O -increase O -punished O -responding O -in O -a O -conflict O -situation O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -implicate O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diazepam I-Chemical -binding O -sites O -in O -mediating O -at O -least O -some O -of O -the O -anxiolytic O -properties O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -and O -suggest O -the O -existence O -of O -some O -endogenous O -substance O -which O -might O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -etiology O -of O -anxiety O -. O - -aps B-category -Competitive O -and O -non O -- O -competitive O -components O -of O -antagonism O -were O -observed O -to O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -, O -and O -arginine B-Chemical -vasopressin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contractions O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -such O -stress O -does O -not O -harm O -normal O -tissues O -, O -it O -can O -lead B-Chemical -to O -soft O -- O -tissue O -damage O -in O -the O -insensitive O -foot O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -chronic O -treatment O -- O -resistant O -schizophrenic O -patients O -were O -treated O -in O -a O -single O -- O -blind O -trial O -for O -six O -weeks O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -daily O -doses O -increasing O -up O -to O -3 O -g O -in O -order O -to O -evaluate O -a O -modified O -dose O -regimen O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -these O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacology O -of O -aggressive O -behavioural O -phenomena O -elicited O -by O -muscarine B-Chemical -injected O -into O -the O -cerebral O -ventricles O -of O -conscious O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -comporative O -effects O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -, O -clorazepate O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -, O -and O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -hormone O -( O -TRH O -) O -on O -REM O -sleep O -were O -investigated O -in O -normal O -, O -healthy O -adults O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -change O -was O -noted O -in O -REM O -sleep O -- O -time O -on O -the O -clorazepate O -( O -15 O -mg O -) O -night O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -( O -1000 O -mg O -) O -night O -, O -or O -TRH O -( O -2 O -mg O -) O -night O -, O -when O -compared O -to O -the O -mean O -baseline O -record O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -night O -, O -there O -was O -a O -tendency O -toward O -a O -negative O -correlation O -between O -them O -. O - -aps B-category -Anti O -- O -male O -hormones O -such O -as O -cyproterone B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -violent O -- O -aggressive O -behavior O -associated O -with O -pathological O -sexual O -hyperactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -studies O -of O -the O -lecithin O -: O -cholesterol B-Chemical -acyltransferase O -reaction O -in O -the O -plasma O -of O -reptiles O -and O -amphibians O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -physiological O -variations O -in O -pH O -were O -simulated O -by O -intraduodenal O -injection O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -, O -5 O -, O -or O -10 O -ml O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -mol O -x O -1 O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -HCl O -and O -subsequent O -neutralization O -by O -injection O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -answered O -technical O -criticisms O -of O -our O -work O -in O -which O -anticholinergic O -agents O -were O -added O -to O -ongoing O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -an O -ABA O -' O -research O -design O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -summarized O -the O -results O -of O -recent O -parametric O -and O -nonparametric O -analyses O -of O -combined O -data O -from O -our O -three O -studies O -to O -show O -that O -the O -significant O -effects O -clearly O -pointed O -to O -therapeutic O -antagonism O -between O -anticholinergic O -agents O -and O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Examination O -of O -these O -isolates O -for O -resistance O -to O -6 O -standard O -antimicrobials O -revealed O -that O -17 O -( O -9 O -. O -4 O -% O -) O -strains O -were O -resistant O -to O -the O -tetracyclines O -, O -2 O -strains O -to O -sulphamethoxazole O -/ O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -and O -1 O -strain O -to O -both O -tetracycline B-Chemical -and O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -acetate O -to O -a O -stationary O -phase O -culture O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -in O -glycerol O -mineral O -salts O -medium O -containing O -phosphorus B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -32 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labeled I-Chemical -orthophosphate O -results O -in O -rapid O -loss O -of O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -activity O -and O -concomitant O -incorporation O -of O -phosphorus B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -32 I-Chemical -into O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -incubated O -in O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -medium O -, O -isolated O -rat O -fasciculata O -cells O -showed O -neither O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -guanocine O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cyclic O -GMP O -) O -nor O -an O -increase O -in O -corticosterone B-Chemical -production O -in O -response O -to O -adrenocorticotropic O -hormone O -( O -ACTH B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Higher O -concentration O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -however O -, O -inhibited O -maximal O -ACTH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -steroidogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -ACTH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -corticosterone B-Chemical -synthesis O -, O -preceded O -by O -an O -increase O -in O -cyclic O -GMP O -, O -was O -restored O -when O -ACTH B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -were O -both O -present O -in O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -proposed O -that O -at O -the O -physiological O -concentrations O -of O -the O -hormone O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -regulates O -the O -transduction O -of O -information O -between O -hormone O -receptors O -and O -guanylate O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Dietary O -and O -drug O -treatments O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -nephrolithiasis O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -association O -with O -an O -hypercalciuria O -is O -an O -important O -factor O -which O -must O -be O -taken O -into O -account O -because O -oxalates O -and O -phosphates O -precipitate O -as O -calcium B-Chemical -crystals O -in O -case O -of O -urinnary O -oversaturation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -renal O -hypercalciuria O -, O -the O -treatment O -is O -based O -on O -the O -administration O -of O -thiazide B-Chemical -diuretics O -which O -enhance O -calcium B-Chemical -renal O -tubular O -reabsorption O -. O - -aps B-category -Very O -good O -results O -were O -obtained O -in O -a O -case O -of O -buccofacial O -dyskinesia O -associated O -with O -an O -extrapyramidal O -syndrome O -and O -dementia O -, O -and O -in O -another O -patient O -with O -middle O -- O -of O -- O -the O -- O -dose O -dyskinesias O -induced O -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -treatment O -for O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Tiapride B-Chemical -, O -which O -is O -a O -substituted O -benzamide B-Chemical -, O -has O -an O -original O -neurotropic O -action O -expressed O -as O -relaxant O -and O -antidyskinetic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -General O -anaesthesia O -with O -intravenous O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -, O -continuous O -ketamine B-Chemical -infusion O -and O -muscle O -relaxant O -. O - -aps B-category -Standard O -techniques O -of O -muscle O -relaxation O -, O -intubation O -and O -ventilation O -with O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -enriched I-Chemical -air O -were O -employed O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -hypothesis O -that O -volatile O -anaesthetic O -agents O -, O -represented O -by O -enflurane B-Chemical -, O -facilitate O -transplacental O -exchange O -was O -tested O -by O -simultaneous O -blood O -sampling O -of O -both O -mother O -and O -fetus O -. O - -aps B-category -Persistent O -gastric O -mucosal O -hypoxia O -and O -interstitial O -edema O -after O -hemorrhagic O -shock O -: O -prevention O -with O -steroid B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -microscopic O -anatomy O -of O -untreated O -gastric O -mucosae O -showed O -severe O -subepithelial O -edema O -with O -dialted O -capillaries O -in O -the O -lamina O -propria O -; O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -treatment O -prevented O -these O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -Potentiation O -by O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -lipid O -peroxidation O -in O -lung O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -differences O -among O -the O -cows O -were O -statistically O -significant O -( O -alpha O -= O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -in O -the O -majority O -of O -the O -parameters O -studied O -: O -haematocrit O -, O -haemoglobin O -, O -pH O -, O -PO2 O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -of O -the O -blood O -; O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -phosphorus B-Chemical -, O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -total O -protein O -, O -urea B-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -and O -esterified O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aim O -of O -the O -study O -was O -to O -compare O -the O -acid O -- O -base O -( O -AB O -- O -) O -findings O -in O -cattle O -obtained O -parallelly O -by O -the O -equilibration O -method O -after O -Astrup O -and O -the O -partial O -method O -( O -titration O -determination O -of O -total O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -in O -blood O -plasma O -) O -and O -at O -the O -same O -time O -to O -determine O -pH O -, O -net O -acid O -- O -base O -exudate O -in O -urine O -and O -the O -specific O -weight O -of O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -total O -number O -of O -microbes O -contributed O -to O -the O -ammonia B-Chemical -content O -in O -the O -products O -, O -however O -, O -no O -intercorrelation O -was O -statistically O -proved O -. O - -aps B-category -Behçet O -' O -s O -syndrome O -with O -ileal O -involvement O -- O -- O -the O -beneficial O -effect O -of O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -d O -. O -l O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Nerve O -growth O -factor O -- O -induced O -axon O -growth O -and O -its O -antagonism O -with O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -: O -in O -vitro O -studies O -on O -adrenal O -medulla O -cells O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Trimethoprim B-Chemical -in O -sheep O -influence O -of O -pH O -and O -protein O -binding O -on O -mammary O -and O -renal O -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -stable O -differential O -signs O -of O -enterococci O -are O -: O -growth O -in O -the O -medium O -at O -pH O -10 O -. O -2 O -, O -growth O -in O -broth O -containing O -40 O -% O -bile O -, O -citrate B-Chemical -utilization O -, O -resistance O -to O -0 O -, O -05 O -% O -potassium B-Chemical -tellurite O -, O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triphenyltetrazolium I-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -( O -TTC O -) O -reduction O -, O -the O -staining O -of O -colonies O -( O -plaques O -) O -on O -a O -medium O -with O -manganese O -, O -iron B-Chemical -and O -zinc B-Chemical -salts O -, O -glycerine O -fermentation O -under O -anaerobic O -conditions O -, O -mannite O -fermentation O -, O -the O -presence O -of O -hemolysin O -, O -of O -the O -proteolytic O -enzyme O -, O -and O -mobility O -. O - -aps B-category -Pancreatic O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -response O -to O -a O -meal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -course O -of O -changes O -in O -quantity O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -secreted O -per O -minute O -closely O -paralleled O -that O -of O -changes O -in O -quantity O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -delivered O -to O -the O -duodenum O -per O -minute O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -investigations O -on O -five O -calves O -with O -fistulae O -in O -the O -abomasum O -and O -oesophagus O -the O -secretion O -of O -gastric O -juice O -as O -well O -as O -its O -content O -of O -proteolytic O -enzymes O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -were O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -the O -gastric O -juice O -of O -suckling O -calves O -possesses O -the O -ability O -of O -releasing O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -from O -all O -triglycerides B-Chemical -present O -in O -the O -milk O -. O - -aps B-category -Immediately O -before O -immobilization O -, O -and O -then O -in O -the O -35th O -, O -55th O -, O -and O -75th O -min O -of O -immobilization O -blood O -samples O -were O -taken O -for O -determinations O -of O -the O -serum O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -FFA O -) O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -evidence O -for O -the O -formation O -of O -5 O -beta O -- O -reduced O -pregnanes O -from O -[ O -3H O -] O -progesterone B-Chemical -by O -placental O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -intracellular O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -and O -lactate B-Chemical -appeared O -to O -account O -in O -part O -for O -the O -observed O -stability O -of O -the O -liver O -pHi O -despite O -acute O -manipulations O -resulting O -in O -a O -range O -of O -pH O -values O -between O -7 O -. O -09 O -and O -7 O -. O -63 O -in O -arterial O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -in O -chronic O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -and O -mania O -with O -RBC O -lithium B-Chemical -determinations O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -present O -a O -case O -report O -in O -which O -manic O -manifestations O -and O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -symptoms O -paralleled O -the O -rise O -and O -fall O -of O -RBC O -lithium B-Chemical -and O -plasma O -lithium B-Chemical -levels O -were O -constant O -during O -the O -period O -of O -symptom O -improvement O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiopulmonary O -effects O -of O -midazolam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Electrophoretic O -mobility O -of O -membrane O -fragments O -on O -a O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Rapid O -preparation O -of O -ornithine B-Chemical -carbamyl O -transferase O -without O -carbamyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -preparation O -obtained O -is O -lacking O -in O -carbamyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -had O -normal O -inulin O -and O -para B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminohippurate I-Chemical -clearances O -and O -impaired O -urinary O -concentrating O -and O -acidifying O -abilities O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -potassium B-Chemical -excretion O -after O -sodium B-Chemical -sulfate O -infusion O -was O -also O -markedly O -reduced O -in O -sickle O -cell O -patients O -compared O -to O -control O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -aldosterone B-Chemical -response O -to O -ACTH B-Chemical -and O -intravenous O -potassium B-Chemical -was O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -control O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Overall O -potassium B-Chemical -homeostasis O -is O -maintained O -by O -extrarenal O -mechanisms O -during O -acute O -potassium B-Chemical -loading O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -more O -active O -against O -enterococci O -and O -salmonellae O -than O -ampicillin B-Chemical -, O -but O -less O -active O -against O -Shigella O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -cost O -of O -amoxicillin B-Chemical -approaches O -that O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -, O -it O -should O -replace O -that O -agent O -as O -the O -oral O -aminopenicillin O -of O -first O -choice O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Growth O -hormone O -specific O -binding O -sites O -: O -characteristics O -of O -lactogenic O -receptors O -induced O -by O -estrogens B-Chemical -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -incorporation O -of O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -uridine I-Chemical -from O -the O -endocellular O -pool O -into O -the O -yeast O -acid O -- O -insoluble O -fraction O -decreased O -under O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -triterpene O -glycosides O -as O -a O -result O -of O -the O -precursor O -leakage O -from O -the O -cell O -into O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -and O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -against O -Streptococcus O -pneumoniae O -and O -Neisseria O -meningitidis O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -ampicillin B-Chemical -and O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -may O -be O -antagonistic O -in O -vitro O -against O -some O -strains O -of O -pneumococcus O -or O -meningococcus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -physiological O -effects O -of O -controlling O -the O -dissolved O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -at O -0 O -. O -01 O -, O -0 O -. O -02 O -, O -and O -0 O -. O -05 O -atm O -by O -the O -use O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -enriched I-Chemical -aeration O -were O -investigated O -during O -growth O -and O -bacitracin O -production O -by O -Bacillus O -licheniformis O -ATCC O -10716 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -of O -this O -culture O -to O -O O -( O -2 O -) O -enrichment O -suggests O -that O -this O -method O -of O -controlling O -the O -dissolved O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -for O -antibiotic O -- O -producing O -cultures O -may O -simulate O -conditions O -that O -would O -occur O -if O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -were O -fed O -slowly O -, O -as O -is O -often O -employed O -to O -optimize O -antibiotic O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alkali B-Chemical -altered O -the O -pH O -and O -titratable O -acidity O -to O -a O -value O -nearer O -human O -milk O -but O -it O -increased O -the O -buffering O -capacity O -to O -a O -value O -further O -away O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -of O -these O -babies O -developed O -a O -mild O -metabolic O -alkalosis O -and O -3 O -had O -hyponatraemia O -despite O -their O -increased O -sodium B-Chemical -intakes O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -baby O -fed O -on O -the O -demineralised O -whey O -formula O -without O -added O -citrate B-Chemical -had O -a O -base O -deficit O -exceeding O -5 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -; O -late O -metabolic O -acidosis O -is O -less O -common O -in O -babies O -fed O -on O -this O -formula O -and O -the O -routine O -addition O -of O -alkali B-Chemical -can O -have O -untoward O -metabolic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -effects O -of O -neuropharmacological O -drugs O -upon O -susceptibility O -to O -flurothyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -myoclonic O -and O -clonic O -convulsions O -were O -assessed O -in O -two O -selectively O -bred O -lines O -of O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Noradrenergic O -drugs O -( O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -phentolamine B-Chemical -and O -sotalol B-Chemical -) O -, O -however O -, O -altered O -the O -expression O -of O -both O -types O -of O -seizures O -. O - -aps B-category -Terbutaline B-Chemical -sulfate O -, O -a O -new O -synthetic O -beta2 O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonist O -, O -was O -found O -to O -produce O -a O -dose O -- O -related O -increase O -in O -59Fe O -- O -incorporation O -into O -newly O -formed O -red O -blood O -cells O -of O -exhypoxic O -polycythemic O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Terbutaline B-Chemical -was O -also O -infused O -( O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Terbutaline B-Chemical -did O -not O -produce O -a O -significant O -effect O -upon O -blood O -gases O -or O -blood O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenovirus O -type O -2 O -was O -propagated O -on O -Hep2 O -cells O -; O -virion O -aggregation O -analysis O -was O -performed O -by O -sedimentation O -velocity O -on O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -. O - -aps B-category -Lysyl O -oxidase O -of O -bovine O -aorta O -was O -resolved O -into O -four O -enzymically O -active O -species O -by O -elution O -from O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -with O -a O -salt B-Chemical -gradient O -in O -6m B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -, O -consistent O -with O -purification O -results O -obtained O -with O -enzyme O -of O -other O -tissues O -[ O -Stassen O -( O -1976 O -) O -Biochim O -. O - -aps B-category -30000 O -under O -these O -conditions O -, O -although O -lysyl O -oxidase O -polymerizes O -to O -a O -series O -of O -multimers O -with O -molecular O -weights O -ranging O -up O -to O -1000000 O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -compositions O -of O -the O -purified O -forms O -of O -lysyl O -oxidase O -are O -similar O -to O -each O -other O -, O -although O -sufficient O -differences O -exist O -to O -conclude O -that O -each O -is O -a O -unique O -molecular O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -similar O -sensitivities O -of O -each O -form O -of O -enzyme O -to O -chelating O -agents O -and O -to O -semicarbazide O -and O -isoniazid B-Chemical -indicate O -that O -each O -requires O -the O -participation O -of O -a O -metal O -ion O -, O -presumably O -Cu O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -, O -and O -of O -a O -carbonyl O -compound O -for O -enzyme O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Aggregates O -containing O -link O -- O -protein O -were O -more O -stable O -than O -link O -- O -free O -aggregates O -at O -neutral O -pH O -, O -at O -temperatures O -up O -to O -50 O -degrees O -C O -and O -in O -urea B-Chemical -( O -up O -to O -4 O -. O -0M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -types O -of O -aggregate O -were O -observed O -in O -the O -ultracentrifuge O -, O -but O -at O -the O -concentration O -investigated O -( O -less O -than O -2 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -) O -the O -link O -- O -free O -form O -was O -partially O -dissociated O -and O -the O -proportion O -aggregated O -varied O -with O -the O -pH O -and O -temperature O -and O -required O -more O -hyaluronate B-Chemical -for O -saturation O -than O -did O -link O -- O -stabilized O -aggregate O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -the O -cupric O -sites O -in O -bovine O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -studied O -by O -nuclear O -- O -magnetic O -- O -relaxation O -measurements O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -multiple O -forms O -and O -kinetic O -properties O -of O -the O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -hexosaminidases O -from O -colonic O -tumours O -and O -mucosa O -of O -rats O -treated O -with O -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dimethylhydrazine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -model O -is O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -that O -reported O -for O -these O -activities O -from O -a O -number O -of O -other O -sources O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -dependence O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -ion O -binding O -to O -prothrombin O -fragment O -1 O -and O -gamma O -- O -carboxyglutamic O -acid O -- O -containing O -peptides O -via O -25Mg O -NMR O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -structure O -of O -a O -new O -nucleotide B-Chemical -from O -Proteus O -mirabilis O -that O -amplifies O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -by O -glucocorticoid O -. O - -aps B-category -New O -inhibitors O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltransferase I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Distinction O -between O -dopaminergic O -and O -serotonergic O -components O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -binding O -sites O -in O -limbic O -brain O -areas O -. O - -aps B-category -Substance B-Chemical -P I-Chemical -degradation O -by O -rat O -brain O -peptidases O -: O -inhibition O -by O -SQ O -20881 O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -age O -on O -amnesia O -and O -sedation O -induced O -by O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -during O -local O -anaesthesia O -for O -bronchoscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -an O -increase O -in O -amnesia O -for O -the O -bronchoscopy O -with O -increasing O -age O -, O -but O -the O -most O -distinct O -difference O -between O -different O -age O -groups O -was O -that O -the O -amnesic O -action O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -was O -evident O -earlier O -and O -persisted O -longer O -in O -patients O -of O -more O -than O -60 O -yr O -. O - -aps B-category -Glycopyrrolate O -or O -cimetidine B-Chemical -was O -administered O -before O -operation O -to O -patients O -undergoing O -elective O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -caused O -a O -marked O -increase O -in O -pH O -with O -a O -mean O -[ O -h O -+ O -] O -3 O -. O -2 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -g O -litre O -- O -1 O -compared O -with O -1 O -. O -4 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -g O -litre O -- O -1 O -in O -the O -controls O -and O -1 O -. O -1 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -g O -litre O -- O -1 O -in O -the O -glycopyrrolate B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -H1 O -- O -and O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -blocking O -agents O -on O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -bronchoconstriction O -in O -non O -- O -asthmatic O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -The O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -blocker O -cimetidine B-Chemical -administered O -orally O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -bronchoconstriction O -on O -any O -of O -the O -subjects O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -The O -effects O -of O -intravenous O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -and O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -both O -alone O -and O -in O -combination O -, O -upon O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -bronchoconstriction O -, O -were O -also O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -not O -so O -with O -cimetidine B-Chemical -and O -there O -was O -no O -evidence O -that O -the O -dose O -response O -curve O -to O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -was O -affected O -by O -the O -additional O -administration O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -for O -a O -given O -weight O -, O -excretion O -of O -the O -drug O -with O -urine O -was O -found O -to O -be O -weakly O -correlated O -with O -the O -diuresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -separate O -effects O -of O -H O -+ O -and O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -on O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -equilibrium O -curve O -of O -human O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -importance O -of O -this O -effect O -on O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -carrying O -capacity O -of O -the O -blood O -is O -considered O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -livers O -of O -animals O -given O -the O -fructose O -or O -sucrose B-Chemical -had O -increased O -hepatic O -activities O -of O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -stearoyl O -CoA O -desaturase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -14 O -. O -99 O -. O -5 O -) O -enzyme O -complexes O -: O -in O -those O -given O -fructose O -there O -was O -a O -lower O -activity O -of O -the O -enzymes O -in O -adipose O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dietary O -treatment O -made O -little O -difference O -to O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -profiles O -of O -the O -tissue O -lipids O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -diets O -containing O -approximately O -200 O -g O -fat O -/ O -kg O -in O -the O -form O -of O -butter O -or O -of O -polyunsaturated O -margarine O -, O -the O -tissue O -lipids O -from O -rats O -given O -sucrose B-Chemical -had O -less O -linoleic O -acid O -than O -those O -from O -rats O -given O -starch O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -view O -of O -this O -hydrolysis O -, O -in O -vivo O -studies O -of O -thiomolybdate O -on O -copper B-Chemical -metabolism O -of O -sheep O -should O -not O -exclude O -the O -possibility O -that O -either O -sulphide O -or O -molybdate O -is O -responsible O -for O -any O -observed O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -increases O -the O -fluorescence O -intensity O -of O -Tyr O -- O -49 O -by O -130 O -% O -while O -the O -fluorescence O -of O -the O -hormone O -tyrosine B-Chemical -is O -almost O -completely O -quenched O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -support O -spin O -- O -label O -studies O -in O -indicating O -that O -the O -distance O -between O -Tyr O -- O -49 O -and O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -of O -hormone O -bound O -to O -the O -strong O -hormone O -binding O -site O -is O -greater O -than O -5 O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -Glycerol O -is O -shown O -to O -perturb O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -interaction O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -general O -conformational O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -( O -thiophosphate O -) O -AMPS O -) O -contains O -a O -prochiral O -phosphorus B-Chemical -center O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tilt O -allows O -for O -a O -better O -understanding O -of O -the O -electrostatically O -induced O -shift O -of O -the O -phase O -transition O -temperature O -and O -of O -the O -shift O -induced O -by O -the O -binding O -of O -water O -in O -the O -case O -of O -lecithin O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -ethanolamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphorus O -- O -31 O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -study O -of O -D O -- O -serine O -dehydratase O -: O -pryridoxal O -phosphate B-Chemical -binding O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -native O -enzyme O -, O -the O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -31P O -chemical O -shift O -is O -pH O -dependent O -with O -pKa O -= O -6 O -. O -4 O -, O -indicating O -exposure O -of O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -group O -to O -solvent O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -transaldimination O -complex O -is O -fixed O -to O -the O -enzyme O -via O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -group O -of O -the O -cofactor O -as O -the O -dianion O -, O -independent O -of O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -NMR O -and O -fluorescence O -measurements O -show O -that O -this O -enzyme O -does O -not O -form O -the O -transaldimination O -complex O -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -fixation O -of O -the O -dianionic O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -probably O -via O -a O -salt B-Chemical -bridge O -with O -an O -arginine O -residue O -) O -observed O -in O -the O -native O -enzyme O -is O -required O -for O -the O -transaldimination O -step O -of O -the O -catalytic O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Interpretation O -of O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -spectra O -for O -Lactobacillus O -casei O -dihydrofolate O -reductase O -based O -on O -the O -X O -- O -ray O -structure O -of O -the O -enzyme B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methotrexate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NADPH I-Chemical -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -Proton O -resonances O -from O -histidine O -residues O -and O -19F O -resonances O -from O -fluorine O -- O -labeled O -fluorotyrosine O -and O -fluorotryptophan O -dihydrofolate O -reductase O -have O -been O -assigned O -in O -several O -cases O -to O -specific O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -primary O -sequence O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -assignments O -are O -compared O -to O -those O -made O -for O -cytochromes O -c O -. O -A O -pH O -titration O -showed O -that O -the O -methionine B-Chemical -methyl O -resonance O -of O -ferricytochrome O -c2 O -shifted O -with O -a O -pK O -of O -6 O -. O -25 O -and O -disappeared O -above O -pH O -9 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -shows O -saturation O -kinetics O -, O -and O -the O -inhibition O -constant O -is O -equal O -to O -the O -affinity O -constant O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -for O -its O -transport O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -MgATP O -has O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -fluorescence O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -released O -radioactivity O -- O -labelled O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -quantitated O -by O -selective O -extraction O -with O -a O -new O -biphasic O -solvent O -system O -containing O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -and O -hexane O -. O - -aps B-category -I O -. O -Luminescence O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -Monospecific O -antibodies O -were O -obtained O -by O -immunisation O -of O -rabbits O -with O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -- O -skeletin O -complex O -, O -and O -rocket O -electrophoresis O -made O -it O -possible O -to O -quantify O -the O -concentration O -of O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -supernatants O -from O -homogenized O -rat O -testis O -by O -gel O -filtration O -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -showed O -that O -the O -two O -activities O -were O -clearly O -separable O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside B-Chemical -did O -not O -affect O -the O -metal O -ion O -or O -substrate O -specificity O -of O -adenylate O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -analysis O -of O -terbutaline B-Chemical -in O -biological O -fluids O -by O -gas O -chromatography O -electron O -impace O -mass O -spectrometry O -. O - -aps B-category -Recovery O -of O -terbutaline B-Chemical -and O -internal O -standard O -into O -ethyl O -acetate O -is O -effected O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -8 O -, O -while O -back O -- O -extraction O -into O -dilute O -acid O -serves O -to O -purify O -the O -initial O -extract O -. O - -aps B-category -Cellulase O -production O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -Trichoderma O -reesei O -on O -high O -levels O -of O -cellulose O -. O - -aps B-category -Approximately O -90 O -% O -of O -the O -ammonia B-Chemical -consumed O -by O -the O -organism O -can O -be O -added O -as O -NH4OH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -active O -immobilized O -aminoacylase O -was O -obtained O -when O -aminoacylase O -was O -adsorbed O -to O -the O -immobilized O -tannin O -in O -a O -weak O -alkaline O -medium O -containing O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -and O -n O -- O -butanol O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -activity O -of O -the O -immobilized O -tannin O -- O -aminoacylase O -complex O -per O -unit O -volume O -was O -five O -times O -higher O -than O -that O -of O -the O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -- O -aminoacylase O -complex O -used O -for O -industrial O -production O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -our O -plants O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rat O -hepatocytes O -during O -chemical O -carcinogenesis O -( O -3 O -' O -- O -MDAB O -) O -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -cells O -of O -chemically O -- O -induced O -primary O -rat O -hepatomas O -preserved O -their O -response O -to O -partial O -hepatectomy O -by O -stimulation O -of O -the O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -DNA O -; O -as O -in O -the O -normal O -liver O -this O -process O -is O -inhibited O -by O -dexamethason O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Activation O -of O -tumor O -tissue O -glycolysis O -by O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -at O -low O -pH O -values O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -0 O -. O -15M O -Na2HPO4 O -in O -tris O -- O -buffer O -solutions O -infusion O -at O -the O -moment O -of O -cessation O -of O -the O -tumour O -selfacidity O -under O -glucose B-Chemical -infusion O -led O -to O -further O -decrease O -of O -the O -tumour O -tissue O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -responses O -were O -reduced O -but O -not O -abolished O -by O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonist O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonist O -propranolol B-Chemical -was O -either O -without O -effect O -or O -increased O -the O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -Close O -arterial O -injection O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -increased O -and O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -decreased O -urethral O -pressure O -but O -both O -produced O -only O -a O -slight O -increase O -in O -bladder O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoprenaline O -, O -but O -not O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -, O -also O -had O -an O -inhibitory O -action O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -enhanced O -the O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -- O -Adrenoceptor O -blocking O -drugs O -and O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -: O -central O -effects O -on O -cardiovascular O -parameters O -. O - -aps B-category -was O -studied O -in O -rats O -anaesthetized O -with O -urethane B-Chemical -and O -chloralose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heart O -rate O -was O -reduced O -more O -by O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -than O -by O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -or O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -pindolol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Peripheral O -vascular O -resistance O -was O -reduced O -to O -the O -same O -level O -but O -with O -different O -time O -courses O -, O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -having O -a O -longer O -effect O -than O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -synthesizing O -enzymes O -in O -brain O -stem O -and O -hypothalamus O -during O -the O -development O -of O -renovascular O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -effects O -of O -preganglionic O -nerve O -stimulation O -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -the O -rat O -superior O -cervical O -ganglion O -. O - -aps B-category -Seventy O -- O -two O -hours O -after O -unilateral O -stimulation O -of O -the O -preganglionic O -cervical O -sympathetic O -trunk O -at O -10 O -Hz O -for O -30 O -min O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -was O -32 O -% O -higher O -in O -stimulated O -than O -in O -control O -superior O -cervical O -ganglia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -between O -preganglionic O -nerve O -activity O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -may O -represent O -an O -adaption O -of O -sympathetic O -neurons O -to O -situations O -requiring O -increased O -transmitter O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Regional O -development O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -the O -rat O -brain O -subsequent O -to O -neonatal O -treatment O -with O -subcutaneous O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -several O -times O -thereafter O -, O -determinations O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TOH O -) O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -( O -DBH O -) O -activities O -, O -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -concentration O -were O -made O -in O -the O -parietal O -cortex O -, O -cerebellum O -and O -pons O -- O -medulla O -in O -order O -to O -assess O -the O -extent O -of O -initial O -noradrenergic O -degeneration O -induced O -, O -and O -the O -rate O -of O -any O -ensuing O -regeneration O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -data O -indicates O -that O -the O -initial O -amount O -of O -degeneration O -induced O -by O -the O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -treatment O -is O -similar O -in O -both O -the O -parietal O -cortex O -and O -cerebellum O -, O -but O -regeneration O -proceeds O -only O -in O -the O -cerebellum O -. O - -aps B-category -Female O -rats O -, O -treated O -at O -birth O -with O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -( O -3 O -x O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -s O -. O -c O -. O -at O -24 O -h O -intervals O -) O -or O -vehicle O -, O -were O -subjected O -at O -112 O -days O -of O -age O -to O -unilateral O -electrolytic O -lesions O -of O -the O -locus O -coeruleus O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -prefrontal O -cortex O -and O -cingulate O -gyrus O -TOH O -was O -decreased O -by O -only O -31 O -% O -and O -64 O -% O -respectively O -; O -the O -remainder O -was O -interpreted O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -projections O -of O -the O -mesocortical O -dopamine B-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -brain O -tissue O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -content O -in O -vivo O -by O -emission O -tomography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cardiac O -muscarinic O -blocking O -potency O -of O -the O -analog O -that O -contained O -carbon B-Chemical -atoms O -instead O -of O -sulfur O -atoms O -was O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -BHC O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -atrium O -BHC O -competitively O -inhibited O -the O -muscarinic O -blocking O -effect O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -mannitol B-Chemical -to O -the O -selective O -medium O -used O -to O -count O -acid O -- O -stressed O -cells O -did O -not O -increase O -the O -count O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -hr O -at O -42 O -degrees O -resulted O -in O -a O -surviving O -fraction O -of O -approximately O -or O -equal O -to O -0 O -. O -1 O -under O -acute O -hypoxic O -conditions O -and O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -for O -cells O -cultured O -for O -30 O -hr O -under O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deprived I-Chemical -conditions O -before O -the O -heat O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -was O -not O -reversed O -by O -returning O -the O -cells O -to O -normal O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -prior O -to O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -, O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -and O -antidepressive O -agents O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -was O -markedly O -increased O -, O -2 O -- O -to O -3 O -- O -fold O -, O -by O -pretreatment O -of O -animals O -with O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -or O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -and O -appeared O -to O -be O -dependent O -on O -the O -production O -of O -an O -active O -metabolite O -which O -was O -formed O -oxidatively O -in O -liver O -microsomes O -by O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -mixed O -- O -function O -oxidases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -showed O -a O -biphasic O -response O -for O -all O -4 O -enzymes O -studied O -( O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -succinate O -dehydrogenase O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -) O -there O -being O -decreased O -enzyme O -activities O -at O -the O -higher O -dose O -levels O -used O -, O -possibly O -indicating O -cytotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Reactions O -of O -nitrosobenzene O -with O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -, O -NOB O -rapidly O -reacted O -with O -GSH O -with O -formation O -of O -phenylhydroxylamine O -( O -PH O -) O -, O -oxidized O -glutathione B-Chemical -( O -GSSG B-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -a O -water O -- O -soluble O -compound O -identified O -as O -glutathionesulfinanilide O -( O -GSO O -- O -AN O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -labile O -intermediate O -was O -transformed O -into O -GSO O -- O -AN O -( O -with O -increasing O -rate O -at O -lower O -pH O -values O -) O -or O -it O -was O -cleaved O -by O -GSH O -with O -formation O -of O -GSSG B-Chemical -and O -PH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -, O -lergotrile O -and O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -on O -prolactin O -release O -from O -continuously O -perfused O -columns O -of O -isolated O -rat O -pituitary O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -inhibition O -was O -achieved O -at O -5 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -had O -a O -longterm O -action O -in O -inhibiting O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -His O -leukocyte O -, O -liver O -and O -kidney O -arylsulphatase O -- O -A O -activities O -( O -ASA O -) O -were O -very O -low O -; O -leukocyte O -- O -ASA O -activity O -increased O -after O -aceto B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salicylate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -To O -test O -for O -sustained O -hypnotic O -efficacy O -, O -triazolam B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -6 O -mg O -) O -or O -flurazepam B-Chemical -( O -30 O -mg O -) O -was O -given O -to O -chronic O -insomniac O -patients O -for O -7 O -consecutive O -nights O -in O -parallel O -, O -double O -- O -blind O -design O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -both O -triazolam B-Chemical -and O -flurazepam B-Chemical -showed O -sustained O -efficacy O -for O -1 O -week O -at O -these O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -the O -state O -of O -ionization O -of O -carboxyl O -groups O -in O -elastin O -in O -response O -to O -the O -binding O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diagnosis O -was O -confirmed O -by O -patch O -tests O -with O -1 O -percent O -and O -5 O -percent O -carbromal O -in O -propylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -and O -the O -positive O -results O -of O -a O -macrophage O -migration O -inhibitory O -factor O -test O -for O -carbromal O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -protein O -shedding O -in O -the O -stomach O -was O -measured O -in O -23 O -normal O -individuals O -before O -and O -after O -intragastric O -administration O -of O -a O -30 O -% O -solution O -of O -ethyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -technique O -which O -utilizes O -[ O -51Cr O -] O -chloride B-Chemical -was O -used O -in O -11 O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -, O -in O -normal O -man O -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -administration O -increases O -plasma O -protein O -shedding O -in O -the O -stomach O -when O -it O -is O -given O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -acid O -gastric O -juice O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -cultures O -of O -Streptococcus O -mutans O -form O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -small O -amounts O -of O -formic O -acid O -and O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -during O -the O -anaerobic O -break O -down O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -rat O -and O -bovine O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -to O -specific O -sites O -in O -rat O -thyroid O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -prolonged O -strenuous O -exercise O -on O -arterial O -and O -venous O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -, O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -, O -pH O -, O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -standard O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -base O -excess O -, O -haemoglobin O -, O -packed O -cell O -volume O -and O -total O -plasma O -protein O -were O -studied O -in O -36 O -horses O -during O -a O -100 O -km O -endurance O -ride O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -positive O -correlation O -of O -2 O -. O -3 O -- O -DPG O -reduction O -with O -increases O -in O -postexercise O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -and O -a O -significant O -inverse O -correlation O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -during O -exercise O -with O -postexercise O -lactate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -difference O -in O -total O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -during O -the O -run O -between O -the O -active O -and O -passive O -warm O -- O -up O -procedure O -was O -0 O -. O -8 O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Trifluoroacetylation O -of O -both O -the O -derivatives O -and O -the O -parent O -toxin O -yielded O -, O -respectively O -, O -the O -five O -acetyl O -- O -penta O -( O -trifluoroacetyl B-Chemical -) O -- O -neurotoxins O -II O -and O -the O -hexa O -( O -trifluoroacetyl B-Chemical -) O -- O -neurotoxin O -II O -, O -which O -were O -studied O -by O -circular O -dichroism O -( O -CD O -) O -, O -1H O -and O -19F O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -( O -NMR O -) O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -L O -- O -Asparagine O -synthesis O -in O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -is O -performed O -by O -a O -glutamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -asparagine O -synthetase O -of O -the O -type O -found O -in O -higher O -organisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Solution O -conformation O -of O -glycosaminoglycans O -: O -assignment O -of O -the O -300 O -- O -MHz O -1H O -- O -magnetic O -resonance O -spectra O -of O -chondroitin O -4 O -- O -sulphate O -, O -chondroitin O -6 O -- O -sulphate O -and O -hyaluronate B-Chemical -, O -and O -investigation O -of O -an O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -conformation O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -reported O -elsewhere O -, O -addition O -of O -alkali B-Chemical -causes O -the O -hyaluronate B-Chemical -spectrum O -to O -sharpen O -considerably O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -altered O -configuration O -and O -/ O -or O -substitution O -pattern O -of O -the O -acetamidodeoxyhexose O -residue O -in O -hyaluronate B-Chemical -compared O -with O -chondroitin O -sulphates O -appears O -to O -have O -a O -critical O -influence O -on O -overall O -conformation O -in O -both O -alkaline O -and O -neutral O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -a O -parasympatholytic O -, O -prifinium O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -on O -the O -response O -of O -the O -isolated O -rat O -stomach O -to O -vagal O -stimulation O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -ATP O -synthesis O -driven O -by O -a O -pH O -gradient O -imposed O -across O -the O -cell O -membranes O -of O -lipoic O -acid O -and O -unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -auxotrophs O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Fatty O -acid O -synyhesis O -and O -the O -activities O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesizing O -enzymes O -in O -rat O -adiposes O -tissue O -during O -pregnancy O -and O -lactation O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intraaxonal O -transport O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -was O -studied O -in O -the O -sciatic O -nerves O -of O -diabetic O -, O -obese O -and O -appropriate O -control O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Noradrenaline O -concentration O -in O -the O -non O -- O -constricted O -sciatic O -nerves O -did O -not O -differ O -significantly O -in O -nondiabetic O -and O -diabetic O -mice O -( O -0 O -. O -67 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -04 O -and O -0 O -. O -58 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -01 O -ng O -/ O -cm O -respectively O -) O -; O -in O -obese O -mice O -and O -lean O -littermates O -the O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -0 O -. O -47 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -05 O -ng O -/ O -cm O -and O -0 O -. O -46 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -01 O -ng O -/ O -cm O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -were O -done O -in O -vitro O -with O -cholestyramine O -resin O -, O -vancomycin B-Chemical -, O -or O -gentamicin B-Chemical -to O -determine O -if O -the O -toxin O -was O -bound O -or O -denatured O -by O -these O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -vancomycin B-Chemical -nor O -gentamicin B-Chemical -had O -any O -effect O -on O -the O -in O -vitro O -cytotoxic O -activity O -of O -the O -toxin O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -augmentation O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -IRI O -release O -by O -intraduodenal O -acid O -can O -be O -abolished O -for O -30 O -min O -by O -simultaneous O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -GIP O -- O -antiserum O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -in O -humans O -, O -intraduodenal O -infusion O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -N O -hydrochloric O -acid O -releases O -GIP O -without O -changing O -serum O -levels O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -or O -insulin O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatocellular O -injury O -with O -distinctive O -mitochondrial O -changes O -induced O -by O -lergotrile O -mesylate O -: O -a O -dopaminergic O -ergot B-Chemical -derivative O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -the O -first O -report O -of O -pathological O -changes O -in O -the O -liver O -associated O -with O -the O -therapeutic O -use O -of O -an O -ergot B-Chemical -derivative O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -changes O -in O -phenylalanine O -hydroxylase O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -& O -amp O -; O -tryptophan B-Chemical -pyrrolase O -during O -hepatic O -regeneration O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -modified O -procedure O -for O -the O -preparation O -of O -the O -S O -- O -sulfonates O -of O -the O -A O -- O -and O -B O -- O -chains O -of O -insulin O -and O -their O -conversion O -to O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -forms O -by O -tri O -- O -n O -- O -butylphosphine O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -treatment O -of O -the O -reduced O -B O -- O -chain O -yield O -monomeric O -, O -intrachain O -disulfide O -in O -7 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -but O -a O -large O -number O -of O -oligomeric O -, O -interchain O -disulfides O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Maleylation O -of O -the O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -of O -this O -lysine O -was O -linearily O -associated O -with O -the O -loss O -of O -enzymatic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -the O -maleylation O -of O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -of O -the O -N O -- O -terminal O -isoleucine O -was O -rapid O -but O -could O -not O -be O -correlated O -to O -the O -loss O -of O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Direct O -cellular O -damage O -, O -as O -well O -as O -disruption O -of O -junctional O -complexes O -, O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -breakdown O -in O -the O -barrier O -function O -of O -the O -corneal O -endothelium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -dependence O -of O -borohydride O -as O -an O -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductant O -. O - -aps B-category -Below O -this O -value O -, O -some O -aldehydes O -are O -not O -reduced O -and O -continue O -to O -be O -Schiff O -- O -stainable O -, O -while O -others O -are O -subsequently O -gerenated O -by O -the O -second O -exposure O -to O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -dehydrogenase O -is O -not O -a O -soluble O -enzyme O -, O -polyvinyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -is O -included O -in O -the O -reaction O -medium O -to O -allow O -the O -use O -of O -a O -high O -substrate O -concentration O -whilst O -employing O -a O -low O -concentration O -( O -5 O -% O -) O -of O -dimethyl O -formamide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dependence O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triphosphatase I-Chemical -( O -ATPase O -) O -and O -succinic O -dehydrogenase O -( O -SDH O -) O -histochemical O -reactions O -on O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -preincubation O -medium O -was O -studied O -in O -serial O -cross O -sections O -of O -1 O -- O -to O -6 O -- O -month O -- O -old O -rat O -extensor O -digitorum O -longus O -( O -EDL O -) O -and O -soleus O -( O -SOL O -) O -muscles O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -it O -was O -shown O -that O -: O -( O -4 O -) O -fast O -- O -twitch O -muscle O -fibres O -exhibited O -high O -ATPase O -activity O -on O -preincubations O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -9 O -to O -10 O -. O -4 O -, O -slow O -- O -twitch O -fibres O -had O -very O -high O -ATPase O -activity O -on O -preincubation O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -3 O -and O -4 O -. O -5 O -; O -( O -5 O -) O -after O -preincubation O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -two O -types O -of O -FOG O -fibres O -were O -observed O -, O -differing O -in O -their O -ATPase O -activity O -; O -( O -6 O -) O -in O -both O -muscles O -there O -were O -fibres O -with O -intermediate O -ATPase O -activity O -both O -after O -acid O -and O -/ O -or O -alkali B-Chemical -preincubations O -; O -( O -7 O -) O -the O -intrafusal O -muscle O -fibres O -exhibited O -some O -specific O -characteristics O -when O -compared O -with O -extrafusal O -fibres O -. O - -aps B-category -Suitable O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -were O -required O -at O -the O -P1 O -- O -P2 O -and O -P1 O -' O -- O -P2 O -' O -positions O -[ O -notation O -of O -Schechter O -and O -Berger O -( O -14 O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -catalysis O -, O -the O -presence O -of O -certain O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -at O -the O -P2 O -and O -P2 O -' O -positions O -was O -essential O -, O -mainly O -in O -relation O -to O -kcat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -plasma O -membrane O -of O -Chang O -liver O -cells O -was O -shown O -to O -have O -at O -least O -two O -distinct O -active O -transport O -systems O -, O -one O -with O -preferential O -affinity O -for O -glycine B-Chemical -and O -one O -for O -leucine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -decreased O -remarkably O -within O -10 O -min O -on O -incubation O -with O -DNP O -( O -2 O -mM O -) O -, O -KCN O -( O -5 O -mM O -) O -, O -and O -malonate O -( O -20 O -mM O -) O -under O -aerobic O -conditions O -, O -along O -with O -a O -decrease O -of O -cellular O -ATP O -concentration O -to O -as O -low O -as O -1 O -/ O -4 O -of O -normal O -, O -while O -the O -uptake O -of O -leucine B-Chemical -was O -not O -depressed O -under O -these O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -the O -purified O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -flavin I-Chemical -reductase O -of O -human O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -reduced O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -coenzyme O -and O -molecular O -oxygen B-Chemical -were O -required O -for O -the O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -effects O -of O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphates O -on O -nucleolar O -RNA O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -chemically O -modified O -histidine O -residues O -of O -proteins O -by O -carbon B-Chemical -13 O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -the O -spectrum O -of O -chromatographically O -pure O -[ O -N O -epsilon2 O -- O -carboxymethylhistidine O -- O -15 O -] O -lysozyme O -with O -that O -of O -the O -intact O -protein O -indicates O -that O -the O -chemical O -modification O -does O -not O -significantly O -affect O -the O -conformation O -of O -the O -protein O -( O -at O -least O -in O -the O -regions O -of O -all O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -According O -to O -the O -chemiosmotic O -hypothesis O -of O -oxidative O -phosphorylation O -this O -coupling O -of O -nucleotide B-Chemical -and O -Pi O -transport O -to O -proton O -transport O -implies O -that O -the O -P O -/ O -O O -ratio O -for O -the O -synthesis O -and O -transport O -of O -ATP O -to O -the O -external O -medium O -is O -less O -than O -the O -P O -/ O -O O -ratio O -for O -the O -synthesis O -of O -ATP O -inside O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -that O -these O -are O -the O -true O -values O -of O -the O -P O -/ O -O O -ratio O -for O -ATP O -synthesis O -and O -transport O -by O -mitochondria O -, O -and O -that O -previously O -reported O -higher O -values O -resulted O -from O -errors O -in O -the O -determination O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -the O -use O -of O -substrates O -which O -lead B-Chemical -to O -ATP O -synthesis O -by O -succinate O -thiokinase O -. O - -aps B-category -Flavin O -to O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfur I-Chemical -electron O -transfer O -as O -the O -rate O -- O -limiting O -step O -in O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -cholesteryl B-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -exchange O -protein O -with O -human O -plasma O -lipoproteins O -and O -phospholipid O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -lactoperoxidase O -with O -thiols B-Chemical -and O -diiodotyrosine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -formation O -of O -the O -enzyme B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thiol I-Chemical -complex O -is O -enhanced O -by O -diiodotyrosine O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactoperoxidase O -is O -also O -adsorbed O -on O -insolubilized O -thiols B-Chemical -( O -thiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -agarose I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -properties O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -after O -limited O -proteolysis O -by O -subtilisin O -. O - -aps B-category -Protection O -against O -inactivation O -is O -afforded O -by O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -ammonium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Limited O -proteolysis O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -is O -inhibited O -by O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -by O -feedback O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Trypsin O -cleaves O -the O -polypeptide O -chain O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -into O -two O -principal O -fragments O -, O -Mr O -= O -about O -32 O -, O -000 O -and O -18 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -substrate O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -retards O -tryptic O -as O -well O -as O -chymotryptic O -digestion O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -implication O -of O -these O -findings O -is O -that O -there O -is O -a O -region O -of O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -polypeptide O -chain O -that O -is O -particularly O -susceptible O -to O -proteolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Compound O -II O -can O -be O -readily O -oxidized O -to O -Compound O -I O -by O -either O -chloride B-Chemical -or O -chlorine O -dioxide O -in O -acidic O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Mutants O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -lacking O -malic O -dehydrogenase O -activity O -( O -mdh O -) O -were O -incapable O -of O -growth O -on O -acetate O -" O -, O -succinate O -- O -or O -malate B-Chemical -/ O -mineral O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inability O -of O -mutants O -lacking O -malic O -dehydrogenase O -to O -grow O -with O -a O -C4 O -- O -dicarboxylic O -acid O -as O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -can O -be O -attributed O -to O -the O -difficulty O -such O -mutants O -have O -in O -synthesizing O -oxalacetate O -. O - -aps B-category -Chromogenic O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -spot O -test O -to O -detect O -beta O -- O -lactamase O -in O -clinically O -significant O -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulations O -of O -D O -, O -A O -, O -and O -B O -cells O -were O -abolished O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O -alpha O -- O -Adrenergic O -agonism O -( O -10 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -epinephrine B-Chemical -) O -after O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -) O -moderately O -decreased O -somatostatin O -( O -- O -37 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -% O -) O -secretion O -, O -moderately O -increased O -glucagon O -( O -91 O -+ O -/ O -- O -19 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -markedly O -decreased O -insulin O -( O -- O -85 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -% O -) O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -effects O -on O -the O -D O -and O -A O -cell O -were O -abolished O -by O -either O -phentolamine B-Chemical -or O -by O -phenoxybenzamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -present O -in O -equivalent O -amounts O -in O -acidified O -serum O -from O -endotoxin O -- O -treated O -mice O -, O -but O -barely O -detectable O -in O -control O -sera O -, O -was O -a O -3 O -, O -000 O -- O -dalton O -molecule O -whose O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -is O -identical O -to O -the O -amino B-Chemical -terminal O -24 O -residues O -of O -mouse O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -during O -alpha O -- O -or O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -a O -concentration O -of O -1 O -. O -5 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -. O -min O -, O -the O -infusion O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -12 O -normal O -volunteers O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -transient O -but O -significant O -rise O -in O -pulse O -rate O -, O -which O -was O -prevented O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -neither O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocker O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -nor O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blocker O -, O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -was O -effective O -in O -inhibiting O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -rise O -in O -plasma O -glucagon O -( O -from O -82 O -+ O -/ O -- O -9 O -to O -128 O -+ O -/ O -- O -14 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -; O -P O -& O -lt O -; O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -and O -serum O -insulin O -( O -from O -7 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -to O -13 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -5 O -muU O -/ O -ml O -; O -P O -& O -lt O -; O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -or O -its O -suppression O -of O -plasma O -prolactin O -( O -from O -8 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -to O -5 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -8 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -; O -P O -& O -lt O -; O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -some O -metabolic O -and O -cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -are O -mediated O -through O -adrenergic O -mechanisms O -, O -these O -observations O -indicate O -that O -this O -is O -not O -the O -case O -for O -the O -effects O -of O -this O -catecholamine B-Chemical -on O -glucagon O -, O -insulin O -, O -and O -prolactin O -secretion O -, O -and O -thus O -provide O -further O -support O -for O -the O -theory O -of O -a O -specific O -dopaminergic O -sensitivity O -of O -these O -hormonal O -systems O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -observations O -indicate O -that O -in O -thyroparathyroidectomized O -( O -TPTX O -) O -rats O -fed O -a O -low O -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -g O -/ O -100 O -g O -) O -phosphorus B-Chemical -diet O -, O -the O -tubular O -phosphaturic O -response O -to O -parathyroid O -hormone O -( O -PTH O -) O -remains O -markedly O -blunted O -even O -when O -it O -is O -assessed O -at O -normal O -or O -high O -plasma O -concentration O -and O -filtered O -load O -of O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -Pi O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -show O -that O -in O -Vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -replete I-Chemical -TPTX O -rats O -fed O -a O -low O -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -g O -/ O -100 O -g O -) O -phosphorus B-Chemical -diet O -, O -1 O -, O -25 O -( O -OH O -) O -( O -2 O -) O -D O -( O -3 O -) O -( O -2 O -x O -13 O -pmol O -/ O -d O -i O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -1 O -, O -25 O -- O -( O -OH O -) O -( O -2 O -) O -D O -( O -3 O -) O -, O -25 O -- O -hydroxyvitamin O -D O -( O -3 O -) O -did O -not O -unmask O -the O -phosphaturic O -effect O -of O -PTH O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -depleted I-Chemical -animals O -, O -even O -when O -given O -in O -doses O -100 O -times O -larger O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -workers O -have O -suggested O -that O -cholinergic O -stimuli O -, O -adrenergic O -stimuli O -, O -and O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -may O -all O -stimulate O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Terbutaline B-Chemical -, O -10 O -muM O -, O -a O -noncatecholamine O -beta O -- O -2 O -adrenergic O -agonist O -, O -caused O -a O -release O -of O -2 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -) O -times O -the O -basal O -release O -of O -[ O -( O -14 O -) O -C O -] O -disaturated O -phosphatidylcholine O -in O -3 O -h O -; O -the O -concentration O -of O -terbutaline B-Chemical -causing O -half O -maximal O -stimulation O -was O -800 O -nM O -. O - -aps B-category -Isobutylmethylxanthine O -, O -a O -phosphodiesterase O -inhibitor O -, O -and O -8 O -- O -Br O -cyclic O -AMP O -, O -but O -not O -8 O -- O -Br O -cyclic O -guanosine B-Chemical -monophosphate O -, O -also O -stimulated O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -newly O -introduced O -sulphydryl O -compound O -, O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -( O -DTT O -) O -, O -is O -evaluated O -for O -its O -optimal O -conditions O -of O -inactivation O -of O -IgM O -antibodies O -. O - -aps B-category -Lesions O -of O -the O -tract O -result O -in O -reductions O -in O -the O -striatum O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -levels O -as O -well O -as O -high O -affinity O -uptake O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -into O -synaptosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fine O -structure O -of O -the O -cortico O -- O -striatal O -pathway O -was O -studied O -to O -provide O -evidence O -regarding O -the O -morphology O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -nerve O -endings O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -provide O -morphological O -evidence O -as O -to O -the O -nature O -of O -the O -probable O -glutamatergic O -boutons O -in O -the O -striatum O -, O -and O -show O -the O -close O -relationship O -of O -such O -boutons O -with O -the O -neurotoxic O -effects O -of O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Relationships O -between O -the O -hypothalamus O -and O -the O -pituitary O -in O -the O -aging O -woman O -are O -discussed O -under O -the O -following O -subheadings O -: O -synthesis O -and O -release O -of O -follicle O -- O -stimulating O -and O -luteinizing O -hormones O -, O -estrogen B-Chemical -receptors O -, O -other O -releasing O -factors O -, O -neurotransmitters O -, O -and O -the O -mechanisms O -of O -hot O -flushes O -and O -migrainoid O -headaches O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -introduction O -of O -a O -diet O -low O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -alanine B-Chemical -has O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -rapid O -improvement O -and O -finally O -a O -complete O -cure O -of O -the O -ophthalmological O -and O -dermatological O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effects O -of O -different O -soldering O -gap O -spaces O -on O -tensile O -strength O -in O -soldered O -dental O -gold B-Chemical -alloy O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -additives O -tested O -included O -flavomycin O -, O -furazolidone O -, O -nitrovin O -, O -tetracyline O -, O -tylosin O -, O -sulphaquinoxaline O -, O -virginiamycin O -and O -zinc B-Chemical -bacitracin O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphorylase O -" O -a O -" O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -) O -, O -aldolase O -( O -15 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -) O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -) O -were O -found O -to O -inhibit O -the O -proliferation O -of O -Vibrio O -cholerae O -cells O -; O -phosphoglucomutase O -and O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -0 O -. O -25 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -were O -found O -to O -be O -vibriocidal O -. O - -aps B-category -Alterations O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -homeostasis O -in O -pure O -potassium B-Chemical -depletion O -: O -studies O -in O -rats O -and O -dogs O -during O -the O -recovery O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -characterization O -of O -an O -NADP O -+ O -- O -linked O -alcohol B-Chemical -oxido O -- O -reductase O -which O -catalyzes O -the O -interconversion O -of O -gamma O -- O -hydroxybutyrate O -and O -succinic O -semialdehyde O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -isolated O -eyes O -synthesized O -and O -accumulated O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -but O -not O -other O -putative O -neurotransmitter O -substances O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbachol B-Chemical -or O -nicotine B-Chemical -produced O -hyperpolarization O -of O -the O -photoreceptors O -' O -membrane O -accompanied O -by O -a O -reduction O -of O -the O -input O -resistance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -these O -different O -experiments O -, O -especially O -when O -considered O -together O -, O -strongly O -suggest O -, O -although O -by O -no O -means O -unequivocally O -demonstrate O -, O -that O -the O -neurotransmitter O -of O -the O -photoreceptors O -is O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -in O -vivo O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -as O -well O -as O -the O -levels O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -G6PD O -) O -, O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenase O -( O -6PGD O -) O -, O -malic O -enzyme O -( O -ME O -) O -, O -citrate B-Chemical -cleavage O -enzyme O -( O -CCE O -) O -, O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -( O -ACX O -) O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -FAS O -) O -activities O -, O -have O -been O -studied O -in O -the O -liver O -of O -rats O -fed O -a O -fat O -- O -free O -diet O -for O -7 O -days O -, O -followed O -by O -diets O -containing O -different O -amounts O -of O -soybean O -oil O -( O -0 O -to O -24 O -. O -79 O -kcal O -% O -) O -for O -7 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -pattern O -of O -decrement O -of O -enzyme O -activities O -and O -of O -lipogenesis O -, O -suggest O -a O -close O -correlation O -of O -fat O -feeding O -to O -ACX O -activity O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Large O -amounts O -of O -isotope O -in O -niacinamide B-Chemical -and O -some O -in O -nicotinamide O -mononucleotide O -( O -NMN O -) O -were O -also O -found O -indicating O -substantial O -NAD O -- O -glycohydrolase O -activity O -in O -this O -intestinal O -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heart O -rate O -in O -the O -neuropsychiatric O -patients O -decreased O -by O -only O -3 O -. O -9 O -% O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -an O -average O -decrease O -of O -12 O -. O -6 O -% O -in O -healthy O -adults O -. O - -aps B-category -Suppression O -of O -growth O -without O -significant O -alterations O -in O -hormonal O -patterns O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -for O -the O -neurostimulant O -drug O -pemoline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Sulfate O -uptake O -by O -cartilage O -can O -be O -directly O -related O -to O -growth O -and O -glycosaminoglycan B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -phase O -of O -aggregation O -was O -citrate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -and O -associated O -with O -secretion O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -and O -lysosomal O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rapid O -and O -specific O -technique O -for O -the O -simultaneous O -gas O -chromatographic O -estimation O -of O -underivatized O -paracetamol B-Chemical -and O -barbiturates O -using O -an O -alkali B-Chemical -flame O -ionization O -detector O -is O -described O -which O -is O -suitable O -for O -both O -forensic O -and O -pharmacokinetic O -investigations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -gastrointestinal O -absorption O -of O -paracetamol B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pattern O -was O -not O -observed O -when O -uptake O -was O -occurring O -from O -high O -concentrations O -of O -paracetamol B-Chemical -in O -suspension O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -studies O -using O -everted O -intestinal O -sacs O -showed O -no O -effect O -on O -paracetamol B-Chemical -transfer O -when O -the O -incubation O -temperature O -was O -lowered O -to O -10 O -degrees O -C O -or O -when O -iodoacetate O -( O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -M O -) O -and O -2 O -. O -4 O -dinitrophenol O -( O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -was O -added O -to O -the O -incubation O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -the O -uptake O -of O -paracetamol B-Chemical -is O -by O -a O -passive O -transport O -process O -and O -confirm O -the O -efficiency O -of O -paracetamol B-Chemical -absorption O -observed O -indirectly O -by O -others O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -recent O -study O -by O -Kling O -et O -al O -( O -1978 O -) O -noted O -the O -finding O -of O -higher O -lithium B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -serum O -and O -brain O -of O -rats O -after O -an O -intraperitoneal O -injection O -( O -2 O -mmol O -lithium B-Chemical -kg O -- O -1 O -) O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -orotate O -as O -a O -slurry O -than O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -in O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -and O -urine O -flow O -were O -markedly O -lower O -in O -rats O -given O -lithium B-Chemical -orotate O -than O -in O -rats O -given O -lithium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -or O -a O -sham O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -higher O -lithium B-Chemical -concentrations O -could O -be O -accounted O -for O -by O -the O -lower O -kidney O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Pentobarbitone O -and O -skeletal O -muscle O -contractions O -: O -on O -the O -interaction O -with O -the O -effect O -elicited O -by O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonist O -, O -terbutaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -pentobarbitone O -, O -the O -stimulation O -frequency O -had O -to O -be O -lowered O -by O -about O -2 O -HZ O -in O -order O -to O -maintain O -the O -optimum O -response O -to O -terbutaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -with O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloralose I-Chemical -yielded O -results O -similar O -to O -those O -obtained O -with O -pentobarbitone O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -L O -- O -nuciferine O -on O -kainate B-Chemical -, O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -excitation O -of O -cat O -spinal O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Inability O -of O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -or O -mazindol B-Chemical -to O -prevent O -the O -lowering O -of O -3 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxyphenylacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -rat O -brain O -by O -amphetamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -effects O -of O -sex O -steroid B-Chemical -hormones O -on O -electrically O -- O -induced O -contractions O -of O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -isolated O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effects O -of O -dopaminergic O -stimulating O -agents O -, O -caffeine B-Chemical -and O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -on O -rotational O -behaviour O -in O -mice O -with O -unilateral O -striatal O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -lesions O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -order O -of O -potency O -for O -the O -alpha O -adrenergic O -agonists O -in O -potentiating O -ADP O -- O -induced O -aggregation O -was O -clonidine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -epinephrine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -alpha O -- O -methylnorepinephrine O -greater O -than O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -methoxamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -: O -1 O -) O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -lofexidine O -are O -partial O -agonists O -and O -2 O -) O -that O -the O -alpha O -adrenergic O -receptor O -of O -the O -platelet O -is O -different O -from O -the O -classical O -postsynaptic O -alpha O -adrenergic O -receptor O -and O -more O -closely O -resembles O -presynaptic O -alpha O -adrenergic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Stereospecific O -antidopaminergic O -and O -anticholinergic O -actions O -of O -the O -enantiomers O -of O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- O -1 O -- O -cyclopropylmethyl O -- O -4 O -- O -( O -3 O -- O -trifluoromethylthio O -- O -5H O -- O -dibenzo O -[ O -a O -, O -d O -] O -cyclohepten O -- O -5 O -- O -ylidene O -) O -piperidine O -( O -CTC O -) O -, O -a O -derivative O -of O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -in O -vivo O -( O -antagonism O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -stereotypy O -, O -elevation O -of O -striatal O -homovanillic O -acid O -) O -and O -in O -vitro O -( O -inhibition O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -haloperidol B-Chemical -binding O -) O -, O -( O -- O -) O -- O -CTC O -was O -less O -active O -than O -haloperidol B-Chemical -but O -more O -potent O -or O -equipotent O -compared O -to O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -racemate O -with O -( O -- O -) O -- O -CTC O -in O -several O -in O -vivo O -test O -procedures O -to O -determine O -the O -influence O -of O -intrinsic O -anticholinergic O -activity O -showed O -that O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -anticholinergic O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -enantiomer O -had O -little O -effect O -on O -the O -ability O -of O -( O -- O -) O -- O -CTC O -to O -antagonize O -apomorphine B-Chemical -or O -elevate O -striatal O -homovanillic O -acid O -, O -whereas O -the O -activity O -of O -( O -- O -) O -- O -CTC O -was O -reduced O -in O -tests O -for O -postural O -asymmetry O -, O -avoidance O -and O -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anticonvulsant O -effects O -of O -four O -benzhydryl O -piperazines O -, O -SC O -- O -13504 O -( O -ropizine O -, O -an O -anticonvulsant O -) O -, O -hydroxyzine B-Chemical -( O -HDX O -, O -an O -anxiolytic O -) O -, O -chlorcyclizine O -( O -CCZ O -, O -an O -antihistaminic O -) O -and O -buclizine O -( O -BUC O -, O -an O -antihistaminic O -) O -, O -were O -investigated O -utilizing O -a O -modified O -maximal O -electroshock O -seizure O -test O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -and O -characterization O -of O -mammalian O -xenobiotic O -ketone B-Chemical -reductases O -. O - -aps B-category -Paraquat O -, O -a O -herbicide O -which O -is O -known O -to O -increase O -intracellular O -levels O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -anion O -( O -O2 O -- O -) O -, O -stimulated O -guanylate O -cyclase O -[ O -GTP O -pyrophosphate O -- O -lyase O -( O -cyclizing O -) O -, O -EC O -4 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O -] O - -aps B-category -] O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -activation O -process O -probably O -does O -not O -involve O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -which O -converts O -superoxide B-Chemical -anion O -to O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -and O -ultimately O -to O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -radical O -. O - -aps B-category -Butylated O -hydroxytoluene O -, O -a O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -radical O -scavenger O -, O -also O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -paraquat O -activation O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -it O -would O -appear O -that O -superoxide B-Chemical -ion O -itself O -can O -activate O -guanylate O -cyclase O -circumventing O -any O -requirement O -for O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -radical O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -first O -part O -of O -its O -action O -, O -which O -lasts O -for O -approximately O -60 O -min O -, O -ouabain B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -increased O -the O -m O -. O -e O -. O -p O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -60 O -min O -in O -ouabain B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -m O -. O -e O -. O -p O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -Picrotoxin O -- O -and O -bicuculline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -cardiac O -vagal O -reflexes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -strychnine B-Chemical -and O -pentylenetetrazol B-Chemical -failed O -to O -change O -the O -heart O -rate O -responses O -produced O -by O -stimulation O -of O -the O -hypothalamus O -or O -brachial O -plexus O -afferents O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -and O -bicuculline B-Chemical -lowered O -basal O -heart O -rate O -in O -spinal O -cats O -but O -not O -in O -decerebrate O -spinal O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -properties O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -from O -mammalian O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -number O -of O -molecular O -similarities O -between O -the O -antipsychotic O -agents O -butaclamol O -and O -clozapine B-Chemical -were O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -simplified O -analogues O -( O -4 O -, O -8 O -, O -and O -12a O -) O -of O -butaclamol O -which O -still O -retained O -the O -molecular O -functionalities O -of O -the O -parent O -structure O -were O -synthesized O -and O -tested O -in O -the O -haloperidol B-Chemical -receptor O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -only O -metabolite O -of O -2 O -' O -- O -chloronordiazepam O -, O -7 O -- O -chloro O -- O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -dihydro O -- O -5 O -- O -( O -2 O -' O -- O -chlorophenyl O -) O -- O -2H O -- O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -benzodiazepin O -- O -2 O -- O -one O -( O -1 O -) O -, O -previously O -identified O -in O -the O -dog O -is O -lorazepam B-Chemical -( O -2 O -) O -, O -which O -is O -a O -product O -of O -3 O -- O -hydroxylation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -structure O -of O -the O -9 O -- O -hydroxy O -isomer O -4 O -is O -deduced O -simply O -from O -the O -observed O -NMR O -spectral O -AB O -( O -J O -meta O -= O -2 O -. O -5 O -Hz O -) O -pattern O -of O -the O -protons O -of O -the O -fused O -benzene B-Chemical -ring O -. O - -aps B-category -Hence O -, O -a O -novel O -method O -is O -introduced O -to O -identify O -the O -4 O -' O -- O -hydroxy O -isomer O -3 O -, O -based O -on O -attributing O -different O -sets O -of O -NMR O -substituent O -effect O -parameters O -to O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -groups O -, O -depending O -on O -whether O -these O -groups O -are O -meta O -or O -para O -to O -the O -benzodiazepinimine O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -oxidation O -by O -dialkylaminoalkylphenothiazine O -cation O -radicals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -side O -- O -chain O -derivatives O -have O -reaction O -rates O -higher O -than O -the O -three B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -ones O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -complexes O -99mTc O -- O -dimercaptosuccinic O -acid O -, O -99mTc O -- O -dimercaptoglutaric O -acid O -, O -and O -99mmTc O -- O -dimercaptoadipic O -acid O -were O -formed O -by O -reducing O -sodium B-Chemical -99mTc O -- O -pertechnetate O -with O -stannous O -chloride B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -2 O -- O -10 O -fold O -excess O -ligand O -at O -pH O -2 O -. O -5 O -or O -7 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -LDH O -activity O -was O -significantly O -elevated O -by O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -ketophenylbutazone O -, O -aminopyrine O -, O -phenacetin B-Chemical -and O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -drugs O -such O -as O -sodium B-Chemical -salicylate I-Chemical -, O -ibufenac O -, O -ibuprofen B-Chemical -, O -bucolome O -, O -aminopropylone O -, O -sulfinpyrazone O -, O -benzydamine O -and O -mepirizole O -did O -not O -significantly O -influence O -any O -enzyme O -activities O -measured O -in O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -Meningitis O -from O -a O -pneumococcus O -moderately O -resistant O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -these O -children O -had O -meningitis O -and O -showed O -signs O -of O -early O -relapse O -despite O -high O -doses O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -nasopharyngeal O -cultures O -were O -particularly O -useful O -in O -predicting O -the O -presence O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -Haemophilus O -influenzae O -and O -group O -A O -streptococci O -as O -causative O -agents O -in O -otitis O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -Anoxic O -stimulation O -of O -glycolysis O -( O -Pasteur O -effect O -) O -is O -inhibited O -during O -ischaemia O -by O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -proton O -accumulation O -at O -the O -levels O -of O -phosphofructokinase O -and O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -endoproducts O -of O -aerobic O -glycolysis O -( O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -NADH O -) O -are O -transported O -into O -the O -mitochondria O -by O -the O -malate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -cycle O -and O -by O -pyruvate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mitochondrial O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -is O -thought O -to O -transform O -ATP O -transported O -outwards O -into O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -which O -can O -permeate O -the O -outer O -mitochondrial O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -AMP O -may O -regulate O -admission O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -to O -the O -cell O -during O -the O -plateau O -of O -the O -action O -potential O -and O -promote O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -the O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -by O -phosphorylation O -of O -phospholamban O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -and O -cyclic O -AMP O -may O -also O -interact O -at O -the O -level O -of O -the O -contractile O -proteins O -where O -cyclic O -AMP O -phosphrylates O -troponin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -the O -function O -of O -the O -heart O -, O -its O -hemodynamics O -and O -metabolism O -was O -studied O -on O -dogs O -and O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -most O -cases O -a O -discontinuation O -of O -drug O -together O -with O -therapy O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -complete O -withdrawal O -of O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -125I O -- O -wheat O -germ O -agglutinin O -as O -a O -plasma O -membrane O -probe O -, O -a O -fraction O -was O -obtained O -at O -a O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -of O -about O -1 O -. O -10 O -that O -was O -enriched O -in O -5 O -' O -- O -nucleotidase O -, O -Mg2 O -+ O -- O -ATPase O -and O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthetic O -compounds O -, O -which O -either O -compete O -against O -the O -epsilon O -- O -lysine O -cross O -- O -linking O -functionalities O -of O -the O -protein O -substrates O -( O -eg O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -aminoacetonitrile O -, O -cystamine O -) O -or O -directly O -inactivate O -the O -transamidase O -( O -eg O -, O -cystamine O -) O -, O -inhibit O -the O -membrane O -polymerization O -reaction O -in O -intact O -human O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -premedication O -with O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -= O -Rohypnol O -2 O -mg O -orally O -( O -2 O -- O -- O -3 O -hours O -preop O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -analog O -- O -sedation O -on O -pulmonary O -respiration O -and O -cardiovascular O -circulation O -caused O -by O -the O -action O -of O -pentazocine B-Chemical -/ O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -respectively O -in O -microsurgical O -operations O -under O -local O -anesthesia O -in O -otolaryngology O -is O -investigated O -in O -two O -collectives O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Benzodiazepine O -receptors O -: O -temperature O -dependence O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -haloperidol B-Chemical -: O -tolerance O -to O -the O -stimulating O -effect O -on O -striatal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Solubilization O -and O -characterization O -of O -the O -partially O -purified O -penicillin B-Chemical -sensitive O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -carboxypeptidase O -of O -Neisseria O -gonorrhoeae O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -partially O -purified O -enzyme O -eluted O -from O -the O -column O -with O -a O -gradient O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -( O -0 O -- O -1 O -M O -) O -, O -catalysed O -the O -release O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -from O -a O -radioactively O -labelled O -UDP O -- O -N O -- O -acetylmuramyl O -- O -pentapeptide O -with O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -8 O -. O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -Revised O -culturing O -methods O -utilizing O -the O -elements O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -, O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -in O -Sabouraud O -' O -s O -Agar O -slant O -aerobically O -may O -help O -recover O -the O -adult O -micro O -- O -organism O -for O -positive O -identification O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -we O -investigated O -in O -13 O -elder O -patients O -suffering O -from O -arterial O -hypertension O -the O -effect O -of O -a O -hypotensive O -combined O -therapy O -with O -a O -diuretic B-Chemical -and O -a O -beta O -- O -receptorblocker O -on O -elevated O -blood O -pressures O -during O -and O -after O -ergometric O -work O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -patients O -with O -hypertensive O -crisis O -( O -glomerulonephritis O -[ O -n O -= O -2 O -] O -, O -phaeochromocytoma O -[ O -n O -= O -1 O -] O -, O -reno O -- O -vascular O -hypertension O -[ O -n O -= O -1 O -] O -combined O -with O -encephalopathy O -, O -showed O -a O -normalisation O -of O -blood O -- O -pressure O -up O -to O -18 O -days O -during O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -blockade I-Chemical -with O -saralasin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -plasma O -- O -renin O -- O -activity O -and O -plasma O -levels O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -pointed O -to O -an O -activation O -of O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -sympathico O -- O -adrenergic O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Side O -- O -effects O -like O -pressor O -- O -reactions O -are O -excluded O -by O -very O -low O -priming O -doses O -( O -0 O -, O -1 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -) O -; O -rebound O -- O -hypertension O -at O -the O -end O -of O -the O -therapy O -is O -avoided O -by O -an O -overlapping O -therapy O -with O -renin O -suppressing O -drugs O -( O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blockers O -, O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -guanfacinum O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -disease O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -was O -more O -heterogeneous O -. O - -aps B-category -Dependence O -of O -plasmodial O -glutathione B-Chemical -metabolism O -on O -the O -host O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -Therapeutic O -antagonism O -between O -anticholinergic O -antiparkinsonism O -agents O -and O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -countertherapeutic O -effects O -of O -anticholinergic O -drugs O -are O -reflected O -particularly O -in O -parameters O -which O -represent O -features O -of O -schizophrenic O -psychosis O -most O -consistently O -responsive O -to O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Bromolysergide O -and O -methysergide B-Chemical -protection O -against O -ECS O -- O -induced O -retrograde O -amnesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antiamnestic O -effect O -brought O -about O -by O -the O -two O -drugs O -was O -discussed O -in O -terms O -of O -receptor O -antagonism O -against O -ECS O -- O -released O -brain O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -the O -lower O -passive O -- O -avoidance O -level O -observed O -in O -treated O -animals O -was O -considered O -in O -relation O -to O -a O -possible O -antipunishment O -effect O -of O -antiserotoninergic O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -daily O -dose O -of O -lergotrile O -in O -adequately O -treated O -patients O -was O -49 O -mg O -, O -permitting O -a O -10 O -percent O -reduction O -in O -the O -dose O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Next O -they O -discuss O -medical O -aids O -and O -more O -specifically O -the O -machinery O -designed O -to O -assist O -respiration O -, O -such O -as O -pulmonary O -ventilators O -and O -the O -" O -iron B-Chemical -lung O -" O -, O -as O -implements O -that O -can O -be O -used O -to O -advantage O -in O -medical O -wards O -. O - -aps B-category -Salbutamol B-Chemical -evaluating O -the O -acute O -" O -in O -vivo O -" O -variations O -of O -acid O -- O -base O -and O -hydro O -- O -electrolitic O -balance O -in O -16 O -chronic O -obstructive O -lung O -patients O -undergoing O -e O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -thiamine B-Chemical -in O -regulation O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -in O -cultured O -brain O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absorption O -of O -short O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -SCFA O -' O -s O -) O -such O -as O -acetate O -, O -propionate O -, O -and O -butyrate O -was O -much O -greater O -than O -that O -of O -succinate O -or O -lactate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -on O -the O -activity O -of O -neurons O -were O -largely O -opposite O -to O -that O -of O -H O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cholinesterase O -inhibitor O -, O -eserine B-Chemical -, O -increased O -the O -neuronal O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Mycelial O -lipids O -of O -O O -. O -fragrans O -contained O -nine O -fractions O -, O -among O -which O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -triglycerides B-Chemical -were O -in O -predominance O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -salts O -of O -cholic O -, O -taurocholic O -, O -deoxycholic O -, O -and O -glycocholic O -acids O -at O -concentrations O -over O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -, O -as O -a O -rule O -, O -activated O -lipolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Antimicrobial O -activity O -of O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -in O -solid O -dispersion O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -antimicrobial O -activity O -of O -the O -drug O -is O -enhanced O -when O -it O -is O -present O -in O -the O -from O -of O -a O -solid O -dispersion O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Psychomotor O -changes O -during O -the O -initial O -day O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -medication O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -withdrawal O -dyskinesia O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Trebenzomine O -: O -a O -new O -psychotropic O -agent O -with O -potential O -as O -an O -antipsychotic O -and O -an O -antidepressant B-Chemical -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -calcium I-Chemical -interaction O -in O -the O -process O -of O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -in O -man O -( O -preliminary O -note O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -secreto O -- O -vasomotor O -responses O -can O -be O -influenced O -by O -activation O -of O -these O -fibres O -and O -the O -atropine B-Chemical -resistant O -vasodilatation O -seen O -following O -Vidian O -nerve O -stimulation O -thus O -may O -partly O -be O -due O -to O -activation O -and O -release O -of O -SP O -and O -VIP O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulindac B-Chemical -and O -floctafenine O -do O -not O -changes O -this O -elimination O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vivo O -effect O -of O -beta O -- O -2 O -- O -adrenergic O -stimulating O -and O -blocking O -drugs O -and O -of O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -medication O -on O -blood O -eosinophils O -and O -serum O -eosinophil O -cationic O -protein O -( O -S O -- O -ECP O -) O -has O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -were O -able O -to O -decrease O -S O -- O -ECP O -concentration O -, O -which O -administration O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -was O -not O -, O -indicating O -that O -only O -the O -adrenergic O -stimulators O -affect O -leucocyte O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -dark O -, O -adding O -10 O -mM O -sodium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -to O -the O -artificial O -seawater O -that O -bathes O -the O -photoreceptor O -includes O -discrete O -waves O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -fluoride B-Chemical -induces O -a O -process O -similar O -or O -identical O -to O -visual O -excitation O -of O -the O -photoreceptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -increases O -the O -concentration O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cyclic O -AMP O -) O -in O -an O -incubated O -suspension O -of O -brain O -microvessels O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -year O -later O -the O -clinical O -signs O -increased O -to O -the O -point O -where O -a O -treatment O -associating O -lugol O -, O -carbamizole O -and O -propanolol B-Chemical -was O -deemed O -necessary O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -also O -noted O -that O -tiapridal O -possesses O -other O -useful O -properties O -including O -quite O -marked O -anxiolytic O -and O -antidepressant B-Chemical -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -an O -association O -of O -tiapride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -corticoids I-Chemical -was O -effective O -in O -treating O -post O -- O -anaesthetic O -spasm O -of O -the O -glottis O -. O - -aps B-category -Laparotomy O -showed O -a O -urethral O -calculus O -, O -size O -2 O -. O -0 O -x O -0 O -. O -4 O -cm O -, O -which O -was O -found O -to O -contain O -djenkolic O -acid O -65 O -gm O -/ O -100 O -gm O -stone O -with O -a O -small O -amount O -of O -protein O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -( O -2 O -) O -Gas O -chromatographic O -examination O -of O -the O -steroids B-Chemical -occurring O -both O -in O -the O -seminal O -plasma O -and O -in O -the O -spermatozoa O -. O - -aps B-category -stations O -; O -the O -same O -is O -true O -of O -the O -occurrence O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -seminal O -plasma O -and O -of O -fructose O -and O -aldehydes O -inside O -the O -spermatozoa O -if O -facilities O -are O -available O -for O -electrophoresis O -and O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -of O -different O -type O -are O -detected O -in O -components O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -oxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -days O -after O -the O -uridine B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -glucuronyl B-Chemical -transferase O -activity O -becomes O -normal O -, O -the O -ascorbic O -acid O -excretion O -remains O -intensified O -and O -the O -demethylase O -and O -hydroxylase O -activities O -increase O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Isoelectric O -fractions O -of O -healthy O -human O -serum O -albumin O -and O -their O -ability O -to O -bind O -bilirubin B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -disorders O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -metabolism O -: O -diagnostic O -approach O -. O - -aps B-category -Seventeen O -cows O -with O -dystocia O -were O -treated O -intravenously O -with O -500 O -cm3 O -of O -a O -4 O -per O -cent O -solution O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -and O -40 O -g O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cases O -of O -difficult O -labour O -with O -a O -prolonged O -calving O -period O -led O -to O -lowering O -the O -pH O -values O -the O -alkali B-Chemical -reserves O -, O -and O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -of O -leukocytes O -both O -in O -the O -cows O -and O -the O -newborn O -calves O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparative O -study O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -production O -in O -mice O -with O -the O -graft O -versus O -host O -reaction O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Interferon B-Chemical -induction O -with O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -of O -Flexner O -bacteria O -resulted O -in O -activation O -of O -production O -of O -serum O -interferon B-Chemical -and O -that O -induced O -in O -spleen O -cell O -and O -blood O -leukocyte O -suspensions O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -comparison O -with O -APh O -, O -gamma O -- O -GTP O -, O -LAP O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -the O -deviations O -of O -5 O -- O -H O -in O -biliary O -stasis O -are O -quantitatively O -better O -manifested O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -effects O -are O -reported O -of O -the O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivative O -, O -bromazepam O -( O -Lexotanil O -) O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -psychosomatic O -disorders O -in O -the O -course O -of O -neurotic O -, O -psychovegetative O -, O -and O -masked O -depressive O -syndromes O -. O - -aps B-category -Combined O -treatment O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -plus O -peripherally O -acting O -decarboxylase O -inhibitors O -resulted O -in O -a O -high O -incidence O -to O -psychoses O -in O -idiopathic O -Parkinsonism O -but O -the O -same O -dosis O -produced O -this O -side O -effect O -only O -in O -a O -few O -patients O -with O -cerebral O -atrophic O -dystrophy O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -very O -low O -doses O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -suppresses O -pharmacotoxic O -psychoses O -but O -allow O -a O -further O -anti O -- O -Parkinson O -therapy O -which O -is O -of O -vital O -necessity O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -- O -and O -- O -a O -- O -half O -years O -of O -experience O -with O -the O -oral O -antianaphylactic O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -release I-Chemical -inhibitor O -, O -ketotifen O -, O -have O -convinced O -us O -that O -this O -new O -drug O -is O -very O -suitable O -both O -as O -part O -of O -a O -multiple O -- O -drug O -regimen O -designed O -to O -bring O -the O -condition O -under O -control O -, O -and O -as O -a O -prophylactic O -for O -subsequent O -protection O -against O -further O -attacks O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemolytic O -C O -3 O -- O -- O -9 O -complement O -activity O -and O -opsonic O -capacity O -for O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -labeled O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -, O -a O -species O -effectively O -opsonized O -via O -the O -alternative O -pathway O -, O -were O -reduced O -in O -serum O -following O -incubation O -. O - -aps B-category -46 O -patients O -, O -who O -suffered O -from O -chronic O -renal O -insufficiency O -( O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -: O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -14 O -, O -9 O -mg O -% O -) O -and O -had O -not O -yet O -been O -dialysed O -, O -were O -given O -a O -secretin O -- O -pancreozymin O -- O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -base O -excess O -and O -increased O -serum O -creatinine B-Chemical -levels O -were O -significantly O -related O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -) O -After O -barbital O -intoxication O -significant O -elevation O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -or O -serotonin B-Chemical -in O -wounds O -was O -not O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -growth O -of O -Rhizobium O -was O -studied O -in O -relation O -to O -unit O -of O -mannitol B-Chemical -consumed O -, O -it O -was O -observed O -that O -fermentors O -are O -more O -economical O -for O -culturing O -rhizobia O -than O -shakers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -have O -investigated O -some O -organic O -phosphoric O -esters O -such O -as O -dimethoate O -, O -malatione O -, O -and O -trichlorphone O -in O -order O -to O -see O -whether O -they O -influence O -the O -genesis O -of O -the O -reserpine B-Chemical -ulcer O -induced O -in O -rats O -or O -whether O -they O -act O -on O -the O -existing O -ulcer O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -protein O -substrates O -tested O -, O -urea B-Chemical -denaturated O -hemoglobin O -was O -split O -best O -, O -followed O -by O -gelatin O -, O -casein O -, O -field O -bean O -protein O -, O -serum O -albumin O -and O -gluten O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -esters O -and O -the O -p O -- O -nitroanilides O -were O -hydrolyzed O -much O -more O -slowly O -. O - -aps B-category -form O -was O -studied O -and O -compared O -with O -another O -extraction O -procedure O -, O -gel O -filtration O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -50 O -in O -1 O -M O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Differences O -in O -[ O -125I O -] O -hCG O -and O -[ O -125I O -] O -hLH O -binding O -were O -observed O -by O -exposing O -receptors O -to O -increasing O -temperatures O -and O -pHs O -and O -by O -pre O -- O -treating O -membranes O -with O -dimethyl B-Chemical -sulphoxide I-Chemical -, O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -, O -various O -enzymes O -and O -protein O -reagents O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -rising O -intragastric O -pH O -induced O -by O -different O -antacids O -and O -by O -cimetidine B-Chemical -on O -unstimulated O -serum O -gastrin O -levels O -in O -duodenal O -ulcer O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -a O -structurally O -new O -5HT O -- O -uptake O -inhibitor O -, O -femoxetine O -( O -FG O -4963 O -) O -, O -with O -antidepressant B-Chemical -properties O -have O -been O -investigated O -in O -man O -using O -a O -radioactive O -as O -well O -as O -a O -non O -- O -labelled O -substance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -withdrawal O -theory O -which O -considers O -reduction O -or O -cessation O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -intake O -as O -an O -important O -precipitating O -factor O -in O -DT O -is O -discussed O -; O -this O -theory O -is O -supported O -by O -experimental O -studies O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -in O -man O -and O -by O -studies O -indicating O -cross O -dependence O -between O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -several O -other O -CNS O -depressors O -; O -the O -arguments O -in O -the O -literature O -for O -and O -against O -the O -withdrawal O -theory O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -barbital O -, O -a O -long O -- O -acting O -barbiturate B-Chemical -, O -is O -the O -most O -effective O -treatment O -; O -diazepam B-Chemical -can O -be O -recommended O -as O -an O -acceptable O -alternative O -. O - -aps B-category -Combination O -therapy O -with O -saluretics O -and O -atenolol B-Chemical -in O -essential O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -pharmacology O -of O -the O -new O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenergic I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -reduction O -in O -salt B-Chemical -intake O -on O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Current O -evidence O -indicates O -that O -one O -( O -or O -more O -) O -intestinal O -mucsoal O -enzyme O -( O -s O -) O -, O -termed O -folate B-Chemical -conjugase O -, O -is O -required O -for O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -pteroylpolyglutamate O -to O -pteroylmonoglutamyl O -folate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -number O -of O -autooxidation O -products O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -which O -has O -been O -recognized O -recently O -has O -the O -capability O -of O -inducing O -rabbits O -' O -aortic O -smooth O -cell O -death O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -these O -oxidation O -derivatives O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -were O -added O -to O -these O -cultured O -cells O -, O -they O -significantly O -depressed O -activity O -of O -3 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -3 O -- O -methylglutaryl O -coenzyme O -A O -reductase O -, O -a O -regulatory O -enzyme O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -( O -up O -to O -83 O -% O -inhibition O -by O -25 O -hydroxycholesterol O -at O -a O -3 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -concentration O -in O -culture O -medium O -) O -but O -the O -sequence O -of O -degree O -of O -inhibition O -was O -not O -exactly O -correlated O -with O -that O -of O -cytotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -from O -the O -families O -with O -MEA O -I O -were O -significantly O -younger O -, O -had O -lower O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -concentrations O -and O -a O -lower O -incidence O -of O -elevated O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -were O -abolished O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -. O -The O -ED50S O -of O -all O -cholinergic O -agonists O -for O -LMS O -were O -significantly O -lower O -than O -for O -CMS O -. O - -aps B-category -Mucosal O -hypertonicity O -, O -metabolic O -inhibitors O -, O -or O -absence O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -enhance O -mucosal O -- O -to O -- O -serosal O -influx O -of O -the O -cationic O -drug O -, O -pralidoxime O -( O -PAM O -) O -, O -into O -sacs O -of O -everted O -rat O -jejunum O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Mucosal O -hypertonicity O -depressed O -PAM O -efflux O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -influx O -regardless O -of O -serosal O -osmolarity O -. O - -aps B-category -Varying O -mucosal O -pH O -did O -not O -change O -PAM O -or O -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Graded O -degrees O -of O -both O -chronic O -hyper O -- O -and O -hypocapnia O -are O -known O -to O -induce O -renal O -responses O -that O -significantly O -alter O -plasma O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -test O -this O -hypothesis O -, O -we O -examined O -the O -relationship O -between O -resting O -levels O -of O -PaCO2 O -and O -the O -plasma O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -two O -groups O -of O -normal O -dogs O -, O -one O -ingesting O -a O -normal O -salt B-Chemical -diet O -and O -the O -other O -a O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -restricted I-Chemical -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -Accordingly O -, O -approximately O -50 O -% O -of O -the O -normal O -variance O -in O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -is O -explained O -simply O -by O -the O -variance O -in O -PaCO2 O -. O - -aps B-category -K O -+ O -deprivation O -potentiates O -the O -renal O -acid O -excretory O -effect O -of O -mineralocorticoid O -: O -obliteration O -by O -amiloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -acid O -- O -base O -equilibrium O -was O -examined O -in O -the O -arterial O -and O -venous O -blood O -by O -analyzing O -pH O -, O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -partial O -pressure O -, O -and O -plasma O -bicarbonates O -. O - -aps B-category -Absorption O -did O -not O -change O -after O -the O -additions O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -of O -varied O -chain O -lengths O -and O -degrees O -of O -saturation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -acidosis O -on O -myocardial O -function O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -exchange O -have O -been O -studied O -in O -the O -isolated O -but O -arterially O -perfused O -interventricular O -septum O -of O -the O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -on O -calcium B-Chemical -efflux O -was O -assessed O -by O -introduction O -of O -acidosis O -at O -different O -times O -during O -the O -washout O -of O -45Ca2 O -+ O -from O -the O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Decrease O -of O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -ratio O -caused O -a O -slower O -fall O -of O -developed O -tension O -and O -neither O -the O -efflux O -nor O -uptake O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -were O -altered O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -potentiating I-Chemical -effect O -of O -metyrosine O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Discontinuation O -of O -chronic O -digitalis B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -an O -aged O -, O -ambulatory O -population O -: O -prospective O -study O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -investigate O -a O -possible O -influence O -on O -aging O -we O -chose O -the O -oral O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -test O -, O -a O -test O -battery O -for O -pulmonary O -function O -and O -the O -maximum O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -capacity O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -fasting O -glucose B-Chemical -levels O -has O -been O -found O -, O -while O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -one O -and O -two O -hours O -after O -administration O -of O -100 O -grams O -of O -oral O -glucose B-Chemical -have O -shown O -no O -significant O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Action O -of O -beta O -- O -receptor O -- O -stimulating O -agents O -on O -the O -synthesis O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Pindolol O -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -practolol O -, O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -are O -also O -fairly O -potent O -while O -less O -impressive O -effects O -were O -produced O -by O -atenolol B-Chemical -, O -butidrine O -, O -and O -metoprolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -and O -sensitive O -fluorescence O -assay O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -narcotics O -except O -pentazocine B-Chemical -significantly O -increase O -IBP O -, O -the O -increases O -ranging O -from O -85 O -. O -7 O -% O -for O -meperidine B-Chemical -to O -143 O -. O -4 O -% O -for O -fentanyl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -elevation O -of O -IBP O -produced O -by O -narcotics O -was O -reversed O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -05 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Gastric O -excretion O -of O -intravenously O -administered O -meperidine B-Chemical -in O -surgical O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -phenomenon O -appears O -to O -be O -due O -to O -ionization O -and O -ion O -trapping O -of O -meperidine B-Chemical -in O -gastric O -juice O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -anesthetics O -were O -compared O -at O -concentrations O -equivalent O -in O -terms O -of O -minimum O -alveolar O -concentration O -( O -MAC O -) O -, O -a O -spectrum O -was O -observed O -in O -which O -halothane B-Chemical -, O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -and O -isoflurane B-Chemical -depressed O -the O -indirect O -twitch O -response O -at O -3 O -. O -5 O -- O -- O -5 O -MAC O -and O -the O -direct O -twitch O -response O -at O -8 O -- O -- O -10 O -MAC O -. O - -aps B-category -Enflurane B-Chemical -depressed O -the O -indirect O -response O -at O -1 O -. O -5 O -- O -- O -2 O -. O -5 O -MAC O -and O -the O -direct O -response O -at O -6 O -- O -- O -8 O -MAC O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -25 O -patients O -excellent O -clinical O -anesthesia O -for O -elective O -cesarean O -section O -was O -obtained O -with O -lumbar O -epidural O -block O -using O -an O -average O -dose O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -of O -130 O -mg O -( O -18 O -ml O -of O -0 O -. O -75 O -per O -cent O -solution O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -high O -concentrations O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -were O -found O -in O -the O -umbilical O -vein O -blood O -of O -infants O -whose O -mothers O -were O -supine O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -renin O -activity O -( O -rate O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -generation O -) O -does O -not O -increase O -during O -anesthesia O -with O -ketamine B-Chemical -, O -fluroxene O -, O -halothane B-Chemical -or O -enflurane B-Chemical -in O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -repleted I-Chemical -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Differences O -in O -the O -rates O -of O -conversion O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -to O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -induced O -by O -various O -anesthetic O -agents O -could O -help O -explain O -these O -previous O -findings O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -rabbit O -pulmonary O -converting O -enzyme O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -absence O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -or O -fluroxene O -were O -measured O -as O -rates O -of O -appearance O -of O -the O -dipeptide O -, O -histidyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -, O -a O -product O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -hydrolysis O -to O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Infusions O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -and O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -were O -given O -to O -Wistar O -rats O -to O -construct O -dose O -- O -blood O -pressure O -response O -curves O -. O - -aps B-category -Angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -and O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -induced O -similar O -blood O -pressure O -responses O -in O -awake O -and O -anesthetized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -anesthetic O -agents O -studied O -, O -there O -is O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -conversion O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -to O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -either O -in O -vitro O -or O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -blood O -flow O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -in O -the O -rat O -brain O -during O -extreme O -hypercarbia O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Antipsychotic O -neuroplegics O -and O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -a O -barbiturate B-Chemical -, O -Sodium B-Chemical -thiopental B-Chemical -( O -Nesdonal O -) O -, O -on O -the O -cerebral O -circulation O -in O -13 O -patients O -with O -a O -cerebral O -ischemic O -attack O -is O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Experimental O -study O -of O -barbiturate B-Chemical -application O -following O -anoxic O -encephalopathy O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -series O -of O -27 O -monkeys O -received O -either O -90 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -thiopental B-Chemical -at O -5 O -, O -10 O -, O -15 O -, O -30 O -or O -60 O -minutes O -following O -ischemia O -, O -or O -120 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -at O -the O -30th O -or O -60th O -minute O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -, O -along O -with O -the O -mechanisms O -which O -may O -explain O -the O -action O -of O -thiopental B-Chemical -, O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Clinical O -use O -of O -thiopental B-Chemical -in O -post O -- O -ischemic O -encephalopathy O -; O -preliminary O -report O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -place O -of O -dobutamine B-Chemical -in O -cardiovascular O -distress O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -the O -development O -of O -intra O -- O -pulmonary O -shunts O -was O -carried O -out O -in O -ten O -subjects O -following O -an O -intra O -- O -venous O -administration O -of O -a O -7 O -. O -5 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -dose O -of O -dobutamine B-Chemical -by O -electric O -syringe O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -are O -discussed O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -obtained O -effects O -on O -the O -cardiac O -outout O -, O -to O -the O -PaO2 O -, O -and O -to O -the O -quantity O -of O -transported O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparative O -study O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -dobutamine B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -septic O -shock O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dosage O -was O -determined O -by O -the O -clinical O -results O -: O -6 O -. O -22 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -for O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -4 O -. O -2 O -to O -25 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -for O -dobutamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Nevertheless O -dobutamine B-Chemical -is O -perhaps O -easier O -to O -handle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hemodynamic O -effects O -of O -dobutamine B-Chemical -have O -been O -evaluated O -by O -catheterization O -for O -a O -limited O -duration O -in O -17 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -effects O -of O -dobutamine B-Chemical -in O -postoperative O -disorders O -of O -left O -ventricular O -function O -in O -coronary O -patients O -undergoing O -abdominal O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -Doses O -of O -dobutamine B-Chemical -of O -5 O -or O -7 O -. O -5 O -microgram O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -. O -min O -- O -1 O -corrected O -the O -IC O -, O -PCP O -and O -TPR O -. O - -aps B-category -Tests O -of O -vascular O -filling O -( O -pre O -- O -charge O -tests O -) O -carried O -out O -in O -the O -second O -group O -of O -patients O -under O -10 O -microgram O -, O -kg O -- O -1 O -. O -min O -- O -1 O -of O -dobutamine B-Chemical -and O -in O -a O -third O -group O -under O -15 O -microgram O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -. O -min O -- O -1 O -showed O -a O -good O -cardiac O -adaptation O -to O -filling O -, O -equal O -or O -superior O -to O -that O -of O -the O -pre O -- O -operative O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Hemodynamic O -effects O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -dobutamine B-Chemical -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -in O -chronic O -respiratory O -insufficiency O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -findings O -emerged O -: O -- O -- O -absence O -of O -any O -significant O -effect O -of O -dobutamine B-Chemical -on O -heart O -rate O -, O -- O -- O -increase O -in O -systolic O -and O -mean O -PAP O -, O -after O -infusion O -of O -dobutamine B-Chemical -, O -- O -- O -increase O -in O -systolic O -and O -mean O -PAP O -, O -after O -infusion O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -- O -- O -decrease O -in O -BP O -after O -administration O -of O -infusion O -of O -dobutamine B-Chemical -, O -- O -- O -decrease O -in O -pulmonary O -arterial O -resistances O -under O -the O -influence O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -- O -- O -decrease O -in O -total O -systemic O -resistances O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -dobutamine B-Chemical -, O -- O -- O -increase O -in O -ventricular O -, O -systolic O -work O -after O -the O -infusion O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -mixed O -infections O -, O -broad O -spectrum O -antibiotic O -therapy O -( O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycosides I-Chemical -+ O -beta O -lactamines O -) O -is O -necessary O -, O -combined O -with O -a O -b O -- O -nitro O -- O -ionidazole O -derivative O -in O -view O -of O -the O -frequent O -presence O -of O -Bacteroides O -fragilis O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -A O -case O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -deficiency O -during O -prolonged O -exclusively O -parenteral O -alimentation O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -the O -value O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -intake O -started O -in O -the O -immediate O -preoperative O -period O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -was O -made O -between O -two O -groups O -of O -11 O -and O -15 O -patients O -respectively O -, O -divided O -on O -a O -strictly O -random O -basis O -, O -receiving O -1200 O -calories O -and O -12 O -. O -4 O -g O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -per O -day O -in O -the O -forme O -of O -Totamine O -carbohydrate O -concentrate O -, O -starting O -two O -days O -before O -operation O -in O -one O -of O -them O -and O -on O -the O -day O -of O -surgery O -in O -the O -other O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -late O -postoperative O -period O -, O -there O -was O -a O -tendency O -to O -negativisation O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -balance O -which O -justified O -an O -increase O -in O -calorific O -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -intake O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Study O -of O -recovery O -following O -neuroleptoanalgesia O -antagonized O -with O -naloxone B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -temperature O -of O -32 O -degrees O -C O -increased O -the O -amount O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -consumed O -by O -34 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Dissolved O -oxygen B-Chemical -was O -in O -excess O -at O -42 O -% O -saturation O -and O -above O -. O - -aps B-category -Injured O -cells O -were O -able O -to O -recover O -their O -colony O -- O -forming O -ability O -on O -violet O -red O -bile O -agar O -by O -incubation O -in O -Trypticase O -soy O -broth O -or O -potassium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -before O -plating O -on O -the O -agar O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -N O -- O -nitrosamines O -from O -seconday O -animes O -and O -nitrite B-Chemical -by O -resting O -cells O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -B O -. O - -aps B-category -Boiled O -cells O -were O -incapable O -of O -nitrosating O -secondary O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -Azotobacter O -vinelandii O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Anomerization O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -: O -catalysis O -by O -phosphoglucose O -isomerase O -. O - -aps B-category -Blisters O -of O -the O -skin O -in O -coma O -induced O -by O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -and O -clorazepate O -dipotassium O -. O - -aps B-category -Venipuncture O -samples O -for O -venous O -CO2 O -content O -and O -chloride B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -obtained O -in O -336 O -patients O -with O -arterial O -blood O -pH O -, O -PaO2 O -, O -PaCO2 O -, O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -determinations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -intravenous O -infusions O -( O -30 O -mn O -) O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -30 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -practolol O -90 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -atenolol B-Chemical -( O -90 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -acebutolol O -( O -150 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -) O -on O -vital O -capacity O -and O -expiratory O -flow O -rates O -were O -investigated O -in O -chronic O -bronchitics O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -levels O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -in O -nonresponding O -chronic O -schizophrenic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -of O -the O -patients O -later O -treated O -with O -thioridazine B-Chemical -or O -haloperidol B-Chemical -had O -lower O -plasma O -levels O -of O -these O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -also O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -suggest O -that O -low O -blood O -levels O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -may O -be O -one O -important O -factor O -in O -the O -poor O -clinical O -response O -of O -some O -chronic O -schizophrenic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -persistent O -dyskinesia O -group O -had O -had O -significantly O -longer O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -( O -mean O -, O -10 O -. O -8 O -yr O -) O -and O -a O -greater O -number O -( O -mean O -, O -5 O -. O -6 O -) O -of O -drug O -interruptions O -of O -at O -least O -two O -months O -' O -duration O -each O -than O -did O -the O -reversible O -dyskinesia O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Muscimol O -, O -thought O -to O -be O -a O -agonist O -of O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -, O -was O -administered O -to O -eight O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -subjects O -with O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Breast O -cancer O -and O -treatment O -with O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -injection O -of O -viable O -rat O -spleen O -cells O -beneath O -the O -renal O -capsule O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -CY O -) O -- O -treated O -adult O -mice O -produced O -a O -localized O -graft O -versus O -host O -reaction O -( O -GvHR O -) O -, O -manifested O -by O -the O -kidney O -enlargement O -index O -( O -KI O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stable I-Chemical -oligosaccharides O -free O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -purified O -from O -hydrazinolysis O -products O -of O -M O -or O -N O -blood O -group O -glycoprotein O -. O - -aps B-category -Soluble O -in O -water O -calcium B-Chemical -salts O -IV O -obtained O -from O -compounds O -Ia O -and O -Ib O -exhibited O -strong O -antiinflammatory O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifteen O -adult O -dogs O -were O -equally O -divided O -into O -three O -groups O -: O -group O -1 O -( O -control O -) O -received O -no O -medication O -before O -or O -after O -cardiopulmonary O -bypass O -( O -CPB O -) O -, O -group O -2 O -was O -administered O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -insulin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -potassium I-Chemical -( O -GIK O -) O -according O -to O -Maroko O -' O -s O -protocol O -before O -, O -during O -, O -and O -after O -CPB O -, O -whereas O -group O -3 O -was O -treated O -with O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -( O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -30 O -minutes O -prior O -to O -and O -near O -the O -end O -of O -CPB O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -dogs O -exhibited O -less O -endocardial O -hemorrhage O -, O -improved O -contractility O -, O -and O -more O -rapid O -return O -to O -baseline O -conditions O -than O -either O -GIK O -or O -control O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Failure O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -prophylaxis O -in O -the O -critically O -ill O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -11 O -of O -the O -39 O -patients O -, O -cimetidine B-Chemical -alone O -did O -not O -effect O -consistent O -elevation O -of O -the O -gastric O -pH O -level O -above O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mortality O -for O -those O -whose O -conditions O -failed O -to O -respond O -to O -cimetidine B-Chemical -was O -five O -times O -greater O -than O -for O -those O -whose O -conditions O -responded O -to O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Twelve O -patients O -with O -one O -or O -more O -organ O -system O -failures O -had O -the O -effect O -of O -nasogastric O -suction O -, O -intragastric O -antacid O -instillation O -, O -and O -intravenous O -cimetidine B-Chemical -administration O -on O -intragastric O -pH O -determined O -by O -an O -indwelling O -, O -intragastric O -pH O -probe O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -low O -intragastric O -pH O -represents O -susceptibility O -to O -acute O -mucosal O -lesions O -, O -cimetidine B-Chemical -therapy O -was O -more O -effective O -than O -antacids O -in O -the O -doses O -and O -frequency O -of O -administration O -used O -in O -this O -study O -in O -maintaining O -a O -high O -intragastric O -pH O -, O -and O -it O -may O -be O -effective O -in O -preventing O -stress O -ulcer O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -introduction O -[ O -corrected O -] O -of O -3 O -. O -5mM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -causes O -dramatic O -increases O -in O -the O -amounts O -and O -affinities O -of O -serum O -albumin O -and O -haemoglobin O -adsorbed O -, O -but O -has O -relatively O -little O -effect O -on O -the O -trypsin O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -3 O -. O -5 O -mM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -causes O -pronounced O -changes O -in O -the O -time O -course O -of O -adsorption O -of O -haemoglobin O -and O -serum O -albumin O -, O -the O -nature O -of O -the O -changes O -being O -different O -for O -each O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -band O -at O -340 O -nm O -arising O -from O -the O -dihydronicotinamide O -chromophore O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binary O -complexes O -between O -the O -enzyme O -and O -the O -inhibitors O -methotrexate B-Chemical -or O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -also O -show O -strong O -c O -. O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -Trimethoprim B-Chemical -leads O -to O -the O -disappearance O -of O -the O -340 O -nm O -c O -. O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -studies O -of O -dogfish O -liver O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Stopped O -- O -flow O -studies O -with O -NADP O -+ O -as O -coenzyme O -give O -no O -evidence O -for O -the O -accumulation O -of O -significant O -concentrations O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -complexes O -with O -the O -enzyme O -in O -the O -steady O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -are O -used O -to O -deduce O -information O -about O -the O -mechanism O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -oxidation O -by O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Zinc O -( O -II O -) O -binding O -to O -apo O -- O -( O -bovine O -erythrocyte O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -zinc B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -ions O -bind O -to O -each O -subunit O -of O -the O -apoenzyme O -, O -and O -the O -first O -has O -a O -binding O -constant O -at O -least O -an O -order O -of O -magnitude O -larger O -than O -the O -second O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -the O -second O -zinc B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -ion O -effects O -changes O -in O -the O -environment O -of O -only O -those O -residues O -involved O -in O -its O -co O -- O -ordination O -. O - -aps B-category -Complete O -dissociation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -, O -induced O -by O -boiling O -or O -by O -pH O -values O -below O -5 O -. O -4 O -, O -was O -accompanied O -by O -total O -loss O -of O -enzyme O -activity O -and O -simplification O -of O -the O -protein O -pattern O -to O -five O -major O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -for O -the O -purification O -of O -mitochondrial O -isoenzyme O -of O -sheep O -liver O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -) O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -properties O -of O -the O -mitochondrial O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -are O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -the O -cytoplasmic O -isoenzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Cytoplasmic O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -showed O -substrate O -inhibition O -by O -concentrations O -of O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -above O -0 O -. O -25 O -mM O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -up O -to O -2mM O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -and O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductase O -from O -pig O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -Utilization O -of O -Blue O -Dextran B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Sepharose I-Chemical -4B O -and O -elimination O -of O -hydroxyapatite O -chromatography O -greatly O -improves O -the O -yield O -and O -ease O -of O -purification O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -limiting O -Michaelis O -constants O -for O -D O -- O -glyceraldehyde O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -were O -4 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -mM O -and O -9 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -1 O -micrometer O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenobarbital B-Chemical -is O -a O -potent O -inhibitor O -of O -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductase O -, O -inhibiting O -both O -substrate O -and O -cofactor O -non O -- O -competitively O -( O -Ki O -= O -80 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -10 O -. O -5 O -micrometer O -and O -66 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -6 O -micrometer O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduction O -of O -single O -- O -site O -haem O -and O -copper B-Chemical -redox O -proteins O -by O -ascorbic O -acid O -was O -studied O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Consistent O -with O -the O -model O -of O -an O -H O -+ O -cotransport O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -uptake O -can O -be O -driven O -by O -a O -proton O -gradient O -generated O -by O -an O -efflux O -of O -sugar O -when O -the O -normal O -energy O -sources O -are O -suppressed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cats O -, O -anesthetized O -with O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -, O -addition O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -or O -calcium B-Chemical -to O -an O -artificial O -CSF O -which O -was O -infused O -through O -micropipettes O -into O -the O -perivascular O -space O -of O -the O -pial O -arteries O -, O -caused O -constrictions O -of O -the O -arteries O -contacting O -the O -modified O -CSF O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -central O -acting O -drugs O -with O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Biotransformation O -of O -7 O -- O -( O -3 O -- O -[ O -2 O -- O -( O -3 O -, O -5 O -- O -dihydroxyphenyl O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -ethylamino O -] O -- O -propyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -theophylline I-Chemical -( O -reproterol O -, O -Bronchospasmin O -) O -, O -a O -beta O -2 O -- O -adrenergic O -drug O -recently O -introduced O -into O -therapeutic O -use O -, O -leads O -to O -the O -same O -main O -metabolite O -in O -animals O -and O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparative O -study O -on O -the O -effects O -of O -alprenolol O -, O -bunitrolol O -, O -ethaverine O -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -papaverine B-Chemical -, O -practolol O -, O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -pronethalol O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -toliprolol O -and O -verapamil B-Chemical -on O -cardiac O -and O -bronchial O -beta O -- O -receptors O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -of O -CS O -- O -430 O -were O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -, O -but O -differed O -from O -those O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -effect O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -stimulants O -on O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -reaction O -of O -the O -human O -skin O -. O - -aps B-category -Fenoterol O -and O -salbutamol B-Chemical -had O -a O -very O -low O -solubility O -and O -a O -very O -strong O -and O -long O -- O -lasting O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -H O -+ O -and O -total O -carbonate O -concentrations O -on O -blood O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -level O -and O -influence O -of O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -plasma O -level O -of O -the O -drug O -was O -found O -to O -be O -directly O -related O -to O -its O -biologic O -effect O -, O -measured O -as O -inhibition O -of O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -flare O -in O -human O -skin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -degradation O -of O -cefazolin O -and O -cephalexin B-Chemical -in O -aqueous O -solution O -were O -investigated O -at O -60 O -degrees O -C O -and O -constant O -ionic O -strength O -over O -the O -entire O -pH O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -primary O -salt B-Chemical -effect O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -acid O -or O -basic O -pH O -region O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -energies O -of O -activation O -were O -determined O -for O -cefazolin O -and O -cephalexin B-Chemical -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -and O -were O -calculated O -to O -be O -24 O -. O -3 O -Kcal O -/ O -mole O -and O -26 O -. O -2 O -Kcal O -/ O -mole O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminotransferase I-Chemical -is O -induced O -in O -the O -liver O -of O -adrenalectomised O -rats O -by O -cortisone O -acetate O -with O -doses O -higher O -than O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -case O -of O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroperoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cyclophosphamide I-Chemical -( O -active O -principle O -of O -Endoxan O -) O -the O -induction O -is O -considerably O -higher O -, O -whereas O -the O -immunosuppressive O -substance O -sufosamide O -( O -Asta O -5122 O -) O -is O -less O -effective O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -shows O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -4 O -. O -0 O -in O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -sodium B-Chemical -formiate O -or O -acetate O -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -salt B-Chemical -can O -be O -removed O -by O -extensive O -dialysis O -after O -the O -chromatographic O -step O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -results O -so O -far O -published O -in O -the O -literature O -, O -together O -with O -our O -own O -results O -, O -show O -that O -in O -clobazam O -( O -Frisium O -) O -we O -have O -a O -daytime O -tranquilizer O -which O -is O -comparable O -to O -the O -newest O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -clobazam O -, O -A O -1 O -, O -5 O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -, O -on O -mood O -and O -psychomotor O -performance O -in O -clinically O -anxious O -patients O -in O -general O -practice O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Both O -clobazam O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -produced O -significant O -improvements O -in O -anxiety O -ratings O -on O -the O -Hamilton O -Anxiety O -Scale O -and O -the O -Morbid O -Anxiety O -Inventory O -, O -whereas O -placebo O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -that O -diazepam B-Chemical -produces O -impairment O -in O -performance O -, O -which O -had O -negated O -the O -practice O -effects O -seen O -in O -the O -placebo O -group O -, O -whereas O -clobazam O -did O -not O -seem O -to O -produce O -similar O -impairment O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -study O -of O -clobazam O -in O -alcohol B-Chemical -detoxification O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -Results O -of O -the O -uncontrolled O -clinical O -trial O -were O -further O -substantiated O -in O -a O -standard O -- O -controlled O -clinical O -study O -in O -which O -no O -statistically O -significant O -difference O -between O -the O -therapeutic O -effectiveness O -of O -clobazam O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -could O -be O -revealed O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -Clobazam O -was O -compared O -with O -placebo O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -in O -45 O -double O -- O -blind O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Clobazam O -seems O -to O -share O -the O -good O -safety O -and O -tolerability O -characteristics O -of O -the O -1 O -, O -4 O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -structures O -and O -chemistry O -of O -the O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -and O -1 O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepines I-Chemical -are O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -The O -imine O -function O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -is O -more O -lipophilic O -than O -the O -carboxamide O -group O -of O -clobazam O -with O -its O -rather O -hydrophilic O -character O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuropharmacological O -profile O -of O -clobazam O -, O -a O -new O -1 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -benzodiazepine I-Chemical -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -Recent O -studies O -have O -demonstrated O -growing O -evidence O -for O -a O -primary O -action O -of O -the O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -on O -gabaminergic O -neurones O -which O -induces O -a O -facilitation O -of O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -- O -mediated O -neurotransmission O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -Using O -rat O -brain O -cortex O -slices O -saturated O -with O -[ O -3H O -] O -- B-Chemical -GABA I-Chemical -, O -the O -electrically O -stimulated O -overflow O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -is O -reduced O -in O -a O -concentration O -- O -dependent O -manner O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -both O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -clobazam O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -Among O -some O -other O -centrally O -active O -drugs O -tested O -, O -hexobarbitone O -and O -the O -' O -second O -messenger O -; O -cyclic O -GMP O -also O -induce O -a O -significant O -but O -less O -marked O -reduction O -in O -GABA B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Long O -- O -term O -repeated O -dose O -studies O -have O -shown O -withdrawal O -effects O -in O -the O -dog O -and O -monkey O -( O -notably O -convulsions O -leading O -to O -death O -) O -, O -similar O -to O -those O -known O -to O -occur O -with O -other O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -on O -psychomotor O -performance O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Three O -general O -conclusions O -are O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -The O -speed O -with O -which O -simple O -acts O -of O -a O -repetitive O -nature O -are O -performed O -may O -be O -impaired O -by O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -detracting O -psychomotor O -effects O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -three O -times O -daily O -) O -and O -clobazam O -( O -an O -investigational O -1 O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepine I-Chemical -) O -were O -compared O -with O -placebo O -effects O -over O -the O -course O -of O -the O -initial O -day O -of O -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -In O -several O -studies O -clobazam O -exhibited O -a O -potency O -which O -ranges O -between O -that O -of O -chlordiazepoxide O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -Three O -studies O -are O -described O -, O -the O -first O -being O -a O -comparison O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -acute O -night O -- O -time O -doses O -of O -clobazam O -20 O -mg O -, O -amylobarbitone O -sodium B-Chemical -100 O -mg O -, O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -5 O -mg O -and O -placebo O -, O -on O -choice O -reaction O -time O -, O -critical O -flicker O -fusion O -( O -CFF O -) O -and O -stabilometer O -performance O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -Repeated O -doses O -of O -clobazam O -10 O -mg O -three O -times O -daily O -, O -chlordiazepoxide O -10 O -mg O -three O -times O -daily O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -5 O -mg O -three O -times O -daily O -were O -given O -for O -5 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -effects O -of O -the O -1 O -, O -4 O -and O -1 O -, O -5 O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -on O -performance O -in O -healthy O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -and O -its O -hydroxylated O -metabolites O -, O -temazepam B-Chemical -and O -oxazepam B-Chemical -, O -each O -possess O -hypnotic O -activity O -, O -and O -have O -effects O -on O -performance O -limited O -to O -the O -sleep O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -1 O -. O -5 O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -, O -clobazam O -, O -seems O -to O -have O -minimal O -immediate O -effects O -on O -performance O -. O - -aps B-category -Nordiazepam O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -clorazepate O -would O -be O -appropriate O -for O -insomnia O -secondary O -to O -day O -- O -time O -anxiety O -, O -and O -clobazam O -may O -be O -useful O -as O -a O -day O -- O -time O -anxiolytic O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -Diazepam B-Chemical -10 O -mg O -significantly O -impaired O -braking O -reaction O -time O -in O -comparison O -with O -clobazam O -20 O -mg O -and O -placebo O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -and O -dynamic O -interaction O -of O -clobazam O -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -His O -C O -- O -2 O -and O -C O -- O -4 O -protons O -in O -the O -peptides O -[ O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -diMeHis2 O -] O -- O -TRH O -and O -[ O -1 O -- O -MeHis6 O -] O -- O -, O -and O -[ O -homoHis6 O -] O -- B-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -do O -not O -report O -this O -isomerization O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reporting O -of O -the O -s O -- O -trans O -to O -s O -- O -cis O -isomerization O -by O -the O -His O -C O -- O -2 O -proton O -appears O -to O -be O -correlated O -with O -the O -known O -potencies O -of O -the O -five O -angiotensin B-Chemical -peptides O -in O -rat O -uterine O -strips O -and O -of O -the O -three O -TRH O -peptides O -by O -radioimmunoassay O -of O -released O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -urea B-Chemical -brought O -about O -reductions O -in O -both O -the O -amplitude O -of O -the O -relaxation O -effect O -and O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -1 O -. O -0 O -there O -is O -a O -different O -high O -- O -spin O -form O -of O -cytochrome O -c O -which O -has O -an O -estimated O -iron B-Chemical -out O -- O -of O -- O -plane O -distance O -of O -approximately O -0 O -. O -46 O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -Specificity O -of O -guinea O -pig O -liver O -transglutaminase O -for O -amine B-Chemical -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -exemplified O -by O -dansyl O -- O -( O -5 O -- O -dimethylamino O -- O -1 O -- O -naphthalenesulfonyl O -) O -, O -( O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dinitrobenzenesulfonyl O -) O -- O -, O -and O -( O -2 O -, O -4 O -, O -6 O -- O -triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl O -) O -- O -cadaverines O -- O -- O -each O -of O -which O -showed O -affinities O -of O -approximately O -4 O -x O -10 O -( O -7 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -- O -- O -the O -best O -amine B-Chemical -substrates O -carried O -a O -large O -hydrophobic O -substituent O -attached O -to O -an O -alkylamine O -side O -chain O -of O -about O -7 O -. O -2 O -A O -in O -length O -. O - -aps B-category -Pd O -( O -II O -) O -complex O -to O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphate O -( O -ADP O -) O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -( O -ATP O -) O -has O -been O -studied O -using O -13C O -, O -1H O -NMR O -and O -electronic O -spectral O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -Pd O -( O -II O -) O -complex O -molecules O -are O -coordinated O -to O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -by O -N O -- O -1 O -and O -N O -- O -7 O -nitrogens O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymatic O -preparation O -of O -[ O -alpha O -- O -( O -32 O -) O -P O -] O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphates O -, O -cyclic O -[ O -32P O -] O -AMP O -, O -and O -cyclic O -[ O -32P O -] O -GMP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -[ O -5 O -' O -- O -( O -32 O -) O -P O -] O -nucleoside B-Chemical -monophosphates O -are O -then O -converted O -enzymatically O -to O -the O -respective O -triphosphates O -. O - -aps B-category -Minor O -modifications O -of O -the O -method O -should O -permit O -higher O -specific O -activities O -, O -especially O -for O -the O -[ O -alpha O -- O -( O -32 O -) O -P O -] O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphates O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -the O -[ O -alpha O -- O -( O -32 O -) O -P O -] O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphates O -prepared O -by O -this O -method O -should O -be O -very O -useful O -in O -studies O -on O -nucleic O -acid O -structure O -and O -metabolism O -and O -the O -[ O -gamma O -- O -( O -32 O -) O -P O -] O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphates O -should O -be O -useful O -in O -the O -study O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -transfer O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -NADH O -- O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -desaturation O -of O -linoleic O -acid O -in O -the O -extracted O -microsomal O -fraction O -of O -rat O -liver O -, O -and O -related O -effects O -of O -catalase O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -substrate O -properties O -on O -the O -catalytic O -activity O -of O -lysosomal O -cholesteryl B-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -hydrolase O -from O -rat O -liver O -have O -been O -examined O -with O -three O -standard O -substrate O -types O -: O -vesicle O -, O -micelle O -and O -emulsion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mixed O -micelle O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -taurocholate O -and O -phosphatidylcholine O -was O -the O -most O -potent O -substrate O -vehicle O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -the O -reductase O -was O -blocked O -by O -hydroxymethylglutaryl O -- O -CoA O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -by O -KF O -so O -that O -activation O -did O -not O -occur O -under O -the O -conditions O -of O -the O -enzyme O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -( O -SDS O -) O -on O -yeast O -cells O -resulting O -in O -the O -cellular O -proteins O -release O -from O -the O -cells O -was O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Currents O -of O -H O -+ O -and O -K O -+ O -ions O -initiated O -under O -the O -effect O -of O -facultative O -anaerobe O -of O -A O -. O -laidlawii O -, O -valinomycin O -, O -nigericin O -and O -carbonyl O -cyanide O -chloride B-Chemical -phenylhydrasone O -on O -the O -membrane O -are O -recorded O -by O -means O -of O -the O -system O -of O -cation O -sensitive O -electrodes O -. O - -aps B-category -Preincubation O -of O -cells O -with O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -o I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -essentially O -decreases O -the O -effect O -of O -induced O -ion O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Conformational O -features O -of O -bradykinin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -vasoactive O -hormone O -bradykinin B-Chemical -, O -its O -N O -- O -and O -C O -- O -terminal O -fragments O -and O -some O -structural O -analogues O -were O -studied O -by O -Circular O -Dichroism O -. O - -aps B-category -Differences O -between O -bradykinin B-Chemical -, O -its O -fragments O -and O -analogues O -become O -clearly O -established O -in O -conformational O -terms O -, O -and O -are O -discussed O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -biological O -activity O -of O -these O -peptides O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -40 O -- O -- O -50 O -% O -modification O -of O -the O -heme O -carboxylic O -groups O -by O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -decreases O -the O -peroxidase O -activity O -of O -the O -modified O -hemins O -and O -that O -of O -modified O -hemoglobins O -reconstructed O -from O -these O -hemins O -and O -globin O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -acids O -, O -alkali B-Chemical -, O -hydroxylamine O -and O -snake O -venom O -phosphodiesterase O -on O -the O -complex O -suggest O -that O -the O -linkage O -between O -the O -protein O -and O -adenylic O -acid O -may O -be O -of O -a O -phosphoester O -or O -phosphoamide O -type O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purification O -procedure O -included O -fractionation O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -, O -ion O -- O -exchange O -chromatography O -on O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -and O -gelfiltration O -through O -Ultragel O -AcA O -- O -34 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -same O -time O -the O -amount O -of O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -is O -relatively O -high O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -constants O -( O -Ks O -) O -and O -the O -kinetic O -parameters O -( O -Km O -and O -V O -) O -for O -the O -above O -substrate O -in O -control O -microsomes O -and O -in O -those O -induced O -by O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -and O -3 O -- O -methyl O -cholanthrene O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -enzymatic O -oxidation O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -within O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -NAD O -concentrations O -( O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -- O -- O -11 O -. O -5 O -) O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mechanism O -of O -activation O -based O -on O -negative O -cooperativity O -of O -ADH O -subunits O -for O -binding O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -NAD O -was O -proposed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nature O -of O -ionogenic O -groups O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -which O -affect O -the O -formation O -of O -complexes O -between O -the O -enzyme O -and O -NAD O -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -rate O -constants O -for O -catalytic O -oxidation O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -was O -assumed O -. O - -aps B-category -splits O -N O -- O -acyl O -- O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -glucosaminides O -acylated O -at O -the O -amino B-Chemical -group O -of O -the O -aminosugar O -by O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -substituted O -benzoic O -acids O -and O -some O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -peptides O -. O - -aps B-category -Immobilization O -and O -characterization O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stability O -of O -soluble O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -was O -dependent O -on O -the O -buffer O -in O -which O -it O -was O -stored O -( O -pyrophosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -greater O -than O -borate O -greater O -than O -Tris O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -immobilized O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -was O -less O -stable O -to O -heat O -( O -50 O -degrees O -C O -) O -than O -the O -soluble O -enzyme O -from O -pH O -6 O -to O -8 O -but O -was O -more O -stable O -above O -and O -below O -these O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -new O -psychotropic O -drug O -phenazepam O -inhibits O -the O -impulse O -activity O -of O -the O -neurons O -which O -compose O -visceral O -ganglia O -of O -the O -garden O -snail O -( O -Helix O -aspersa O -) O -and O -suppresses O -stimulating O -postsynaptic O -potentials O -arising O -in O -application O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -to O -the O -membrane O -of O -isolated O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspirin B-Chemical -profoundly O -inhibited O -the O -in O -vitro O -augmentation O -of O -human O -and O -mouse O -granulocyte O -adherence O -to O -nylon O -fiber O -induced O -by O -the O -bacterial O -products O -Escherichia O -coli O -endotoxin O -and O -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -culture O -filtrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -pretreatment O -of O -mice O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -salicylate I-Chemical -prior O -to O -intraperitoneal O -infection O -with O -Streptococcus O -pneumoniae O -impaired O -granulocyte O -exudation O -and O -resulted O -in O -uncontrolled O -bacteremia O -and O -greater O -lethality O -of O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacological O -responses O -of O -the O -isolated O -vas O -deferens O -of O -the O -mouse O -were O -investigated O -after O -acute O -and O -chronic O -treatment O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -doses O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -depressed O -the O -responses O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -vas O -deferens O -of O -mice O -chronically O -treated O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -showed O -increased O -sensitivity O -to O -exogenous O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -but O -decreased O -sensitivity O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Whatever O -the O -reason O -, O -patients O -taking O -drugs O -such O -as O -diazepam B-Chemical -should O -be O -warned O -that O -they O -are O -at O -special O -risk O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -observations O -on O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -binding O -to O -the O -eggshell O -matrix O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -material O -with O -the O -free O -carboxylic O -side O -chain O -groups O -binds O -more O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -with O -increasing O -pH O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -residual O -capacity O -to O -bind O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -in O -the O -material O -with O -the O -carboxylic O -functions O -modified O -is O -probably O -due O -to O -the O -sulfate O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -had O -an O -unusual O -preference O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -( O -Km O -= O -38 O -micrometers O -) O -over O -NADH O -( O -Km O -= O -89 O -micrometers O -) O -as O -electron O -donor O -, O -and O -a O -relatively O -high O -optimum O -pH O -of O -8 O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -reductase O -activities O -and O -hemoprotein O -content O -were O -lowest O -in O -cells O -grown O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Spectrophotometric O -analysis O -of O -the O -microsomal O -hemoproteins O -indicated O -the O -absence O -of O -cytochrome O -b5 O -and O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -b O -- O -type O -heme O -with O -a O -pyridine O -hemochrome O -alpha O -band O -absorption O -maximum O -at O -565 O -nm O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -dependence O -of O -the O -oxidation O -of O -L O -- O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -by O -compound O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pKa O -values O -of O -the O -phenolic O -( O -pKa O -= O -10 O -. O -10 O -) O -and O -amino B-Chemical -( O -pKa O -= O -9 O -. O -21 O -) O -dissociations O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -a O -single O -enzyme O -ionization O -( O -pKa O -= O -5 O -. O -42 O -) O -were O -determined O -from O -nonlinear O -least O -squares O -analysis O -of O -the O -log O -rate O -versus O -pH O -profile O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -available O -to O -Diplodia O -maydis O -in O -vivo O -is O -reported O -to O -affect O -the O -severity O -of O -stalk O -rot O -in O -maize O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -level O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -remained O -essentially O -constant O -on O -either O -nitrogen B-Chemical -salt B-Chemical -but O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -was O -induced O -by O -growth O -on O -nitrate B-Chemical -salts O -and O -was O -not O -extractable O -on O -ammonium B-Chemical -salts O -. O - -aps B-category -Thr O -relationship O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -Diplodia O -maydis O -to O -Zea O -mays O -L O -. O -stalk O -rot O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -NADH O -- O -linked O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tolerant I-Chemical -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -purified O -270 O -- O -fold O -from O -cell O -extracts O -of O -Methanospirillum O -hungatii O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -of O -M O -. O -hungatii O -resembles O -those O -of O -many O -other O -bacteria O -and O -eucaryotic O -cells O -respect O -to O -molecular O -weight O -( O -61 O -, O -700 O -) O -and O -reaction O -mechanism O -, O -but O -may O -be O -regulated O -differently O -. O - -aps B-category -Atomic O -absorption O -and O -EPR O -spectroscopy O -indicated O -the O -presence O -of O -copper B-Chemical -, O -and O -SDS O -gel O -electrophoresis O -revealed O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -78 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -diastolic O -pressure O -in O -excess O -of O -104 O -mm O -Hg O -should O -be O -treated O -with O -antihypertensive O -drugs O -; O -the O -first O -step O -should O -be O -the O -use O -of O -a O -thiazide B-Chemical -diuretic B-Chemical -in O -addition O -to O -general O -measures O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -diastolic O -pressures O -of O -116 O -to O -129 O -mm O -Hg O -usually O -require O -initially O -both O -a O -thiazide B-Chemical -diuretic B-Chemical -and O -a O -beta O -- O -blocker O -, O -methyldopa B-Chemical -or O -clonidine B-Chemical -; O -if O -the O -therapeutic O -goal O -is O -not O -achieved O -, O -hydralazine B-Chemical -or O -prazosin B-Chemical -is O -added O -, O -and O -if O -a O -further O -hypotensive O -effect O -is O -required O -guanethidine B-Chemical -can O -be O -added O -. O - -aps B-category -Substrate O -- O -depletion O -, O -tachycardia O -, O -hyperthyroidism O -, O -and O -inotropic O -interventions O -( O -ouabain B-Chemical -, O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -and O -beta O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -at O -concentrations O -which O -increase O -inotropic O -state O -) O -enhanced O -the O -rate O -of O -development O -of O -this O -increase O -in O -resting O -tension O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Dogs O -anaesthetized O -with O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -( O -30 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -or O -yohimbine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -3 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -050 O -to O -2 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -the O -cytotoxicity O -of O -dihydroxytryptamines O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -antagonists O -as O -cytotoxic O -agents O -in O -dimethylhydrazine O -- O -induced O -adenocarcinomata O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -influence O -of O -methysergide B-Chemical -and O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -on O -the O -tumour O -cell O -mitotic O -rate O -was O -estimated O -by O -means O -of O -a O -stathmokinetic O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -BOL O -was O -not O -found O -to O -be O -cytotoxic O -to O -the O -colonic O -carcinomata O -, O -whereas O -both O -methysergide B-Chemical -and O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -did O -cause O -detectable O -tumour O -cell O -necrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -BOL O -competitively O -inhibited O -the O -cytotoxicity O -of O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -DHT O -and O -neither O -methysergide B-Chemical -nor O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -potentiated O -the O -effect O -of O -5 O -, O -6 O -DHT O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -comparative O -instability O -of O -the O -substrate O -solutionof O -Rosalki O -and O -Tarlow O -is O -unlikely O -to O -lead B-Chemical -to O -erroneous O -results O -; O -however O -, O -the O -Scandinavian O -formulation O -offers O -the O -advantage O -of O -a O -more O -economical O -use O -of O -reagents O -, O -at O -the O -expense O -of O -a O -small O -and O -probably O -unimportant O -reduction O -in O -sensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -that O -ASp O -AT O -, O -Ala O -AT O -, O -CK O -- O -MB O -, O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -urea B-Chemical -should O -be O -routinely O -monitored O -for O -the O -first O -four O -days O -after O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -labelled O -anti O -- O -gammaGTP O -sera O -gave O -a O -specific O -immunofluorescence O -only O -of O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -portion O -of O -cortical O -tubule O -, O -the O -use O -of O -immunosorption O -chromatography O -appears O -to O -be O -an O -important O -approach O -for O -the O -isolation O -of O -urinary O -kidney O -tissue O -antigens O -of O -a O -defined O -origin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -within O -- O -patient O -, O -randomized O -study O -, O -12 O -mild O -asthmatics O -were O -given O -single O -oral O -doses O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -80 O -mg O -) O -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -( O -100 O -mg O -) O -, O -timolol B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -) O -, O -or O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -after O -each O -active O -drug O -, O -bronchial O -reactivity O -increased O -more O -than O -after O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -pH O -and O -urine O -flow O -on O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -were O -examined O -in O -11 O -smokers O -after O -they O -had O -smoked O -3 O -cigarettes O -during O -water O -diuresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -excretion O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -increased O -significantly O -from O -the O -pre B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -smoking I-Chemical -levels O -of O -258 O -+ O -/ O -- O -76 O -and O -252 O -+ O -/ O -- O -147 O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SEM O -) O -ng O -/ O -15 O -min O -to O -the O -peaks O -of O -2 O -, O -587 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -, O -224 O -and O -2 O -. O -561 O -+ O -/ O -- O -584 O -ng O -/ O -15 O -min O -30 O -and O -45 O -min O -after O -the O -start O -of O -smoking B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -correlation O -between O -urinary O -nicotine B-Chemical -and O -urinary O -flow O -after O -smoking B-Chemical -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -26 O -, O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -negative O -correlation O -between O -urinary O -pH O -and O -nicotine B-Chemical -excretion O -( O -r O -= O -- O -0 O -. O -58 O -, O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -enzyme O -induction O -on O -plasma O -lipids O -using O -antipyrine O -, O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -, O -and O -rifampicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -large O -series O -of O -patients O -who O -have O -abused O -a O -variety O -of O -commercially O -available O -" O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -" O -agents O -as O -well O -as O -" O -street O -drugs O -" O -with O -CNS O -stimulant O -activity O -, O -the O -specific O -lytic O -effects O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -Inderal O -) O -were O -utilized O -to O -reverse O -the O -dangerous O -hyperkinetic O -cardiovascular O -and O -frightening O -CNS O -phenomena O -noted O -in O -these O -non O -- O -comatose O -individuals O -. O - -aps B-category -Fighting O -in O -isolated O -mice O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -selectively O -antagnoized O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -antifighting O -activity O -at O -doses O -significantly O -below O -doses O -producing O -neurological O -impairment O -in O -isolated O -mice O -) O -by O -antidepressants B-Chemical -, O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -anticholinergics O -, O -antiserotonergics O -, O -and O -antihistamines O -; O -however O -, O -aggression O -was O -nonselectively O -antagonized O -by O -anxiolytics O -, O -muscle O -relaxants O -, O -anticonvulsants O -, O -sedatives O -, O -and O -hypnotics O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -changes O -in O -arterial O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -( O -PaCO2 O -) O -on O -the O -oxygenation O -of O -tissues O -in O -34 O -patients O -undergoing O -surgery O -for O -aortocoronary O -bypass O -were O -studied O -while O -temperature O -, O -systemic O -blood O -flow O -, O -and O -the O -delivery O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -to O -the O -peripheral O -tissues O -remained O -constant O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -indicated O -that O -the O -total O -- O -body O -consumption O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -diminished O -with O -increases O -in O -PaCO2 O -but O -that O -some O -regional O -redistribution O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -occurred O -between O -the O -superior O -and O -inferior O -vena O -caval O -vascular O -beds O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -- O -eight O -hours O -after O -the O -last O -treatment O -, O -the O -biliary O -excretion O -of O -exogenously O -provided O -polar O -metabolites O -of O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -imipramine I-Chemical -was O -suppressed O -at O -all O -levels O -of O -mirex O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -Diastereoisomeric O -glucuronides O -of O -oxazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ready O -hydrolysis O -of O -one O -of O -the O -glucuronides O -by O -an O -enzyme O -from O -an O -intestinal O -microorganism O -may O -play O -a O -role O -in O -the O -enterohepatic O -circulation O -of O -oxazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Diabetes O -was O -produced O -by O -the O -administration O -of O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -, O -60 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -iv O -, O -and O -BP O -metabolism O -was O -studied O -7 O -or O -10 O -days O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -microsomal O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -concentrations O -no O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -activities O -correlated O -with O -the O -maturational O -changes O -or O -sex O -differences O -in O -xenobiotic O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -also O -suggest O -that O -adrenal O -microsomal O -drug O -and O -steroid B-Chemical -metabolism O -are O -independently O -regulated O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -anticonvulsants O -, O -performances O -with O -high O -and O -low O -serum O -phenytoin B-Chemical -levels O -were O -compared O -and O -performances O -with O -sulthiame O -vs O -. O -phenytoin B-Chemical -and O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -vs O -. O -phenytoin B-Chemical -were O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -neurotransmitters O -on O -the O -in O -vitro O -release O -of O -immunoreactive O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -hormone O -from O -rat O -mediobasal O -hypothalamus O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparable O -effect O -was O -obtained O -with O -dimaprit O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -a O -highly O -specific O -agonist O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -receptors O -; O -conversely O -, O -the O -response O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -blocked O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -a O -H2 O -( O -metiamide O -; O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -) O -but O -not O -of O -a O -H1 O -( O -mepyramine O -; O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -) O -antagonist O -to O -the O -incubation O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -noradrenalin O -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -tested O -at O -concentration O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -) O -did O -not O -alter O -the O -basal O -release O -of O -the O -tripeptide O -. O - -aps B-category -Somatomedin O -inhibitory O -activity O -in O -serum O -from O -diabetic O -rats O -cannot O -be O -attributed O -to O -recognized O -catabolic O -factors O -, O -such O -as O -glucocorticoids O -or O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -ACTH B-Chemical -release O -in O -pituitary O -cell O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -various O -neurogenic O -peptides O -and O -neurotransmitter O -substances O -on O -the O -release O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -induced O -by O -hypothalamic O -corticotropin B-Chemical -releasing O -factor O -( O -HY O -- O -CRF O -) O -were O -investigated O -using O -monolayer O -cultured O -anterior O -pituitary O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Relative O -high O -doses O -of O -lysine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -vasopressin I-Chemical -showed O -a O -slight O -additive O -effect O -on O -the O -release O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -induced O -by O -0 O -. O -1 O -HE O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -tested O -substances O -including O -luteinizing O -hormone O -releasing O -hormone O -, O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -releasing O -hormone O -, O -somatostatin O -, O -melanocyte O -stimulating O -hormone O -release O -inhibiting O -factor O -, O -beta O -- O -endorphin O -, O -neurotensin B-Chemical -, O -substance O -P O -, O -vasoactive O -intestinal O -polypeptide O -, O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -, O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -, O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -butyric O -acid O -showed O -neither O -agonistic O -nor O -antagonistic O -effect O -on O -the O -release O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -induced O -by O -HY O -- O -CRF O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunoreactive O -somatostatin O -in O -the O -hypothalamus O -and O -other O -regions O -of O -the O -rat O -brain O -: O -effects O -of O -insulin O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -alpha O -- O -or O -beta O -- O -blocker O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -did O -not O -affect O -hypothalamic O -IRS O -, O -although O -it O -decreased O -plasma O -RPRL O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -significantly O -increased O -plasma O -RGH O -120 O -min O -after O -insulin O -administration O -, O -and O -hypothalamic O -IRS O -decreased O -initially O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -and O -then O -it O -increased O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -findings O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -hypothalamic O -IRS O -may O -participate O -in O -the O -hormonal O -regulatory O -system O -in O -correlation O -to O -plasma O -RGH O -, O -as O -observed O -in O -studies O -on O -plasma O -GH O -and O -hypothalamic O -IRS O -following O -insulin O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -or O -phentolamine B-Chemical -administration O -, O -but O -IRS O -in O -other O -regions O -of O -the O -brain O -may O -have O -some O -other O -actions O -as O -a O -neurotransmitter O -or O -a O -modulator O -, O -because O -of O -no O -significant O -correlation O -between O -plasma O -GH O -or O -PRL O -and O -IRS O -in O -these O -regions O -following O -various O -stimuli O -. O - -aps B-category -Perinatal O -evolution O -and O -hormonal O -control O -of O -adrenal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Fetal O -decapitation O -reduces O -adrenal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -at O -term O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -ACTH B-Chemical -has O -a O -direct O -action O -on O -adrenal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -the O -fetus O -as O -it O -does O -in O -the O -adult O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -positive O -cooperativity O -is O -reduced O -by O -increasing O -concentrations O -of O -citrulline O -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -; O -it O -is O -increased O -by O -argininosuccinate O -and O -arginine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -1 O -- O -anilino O -- O -8 O -- O -naphthalene O -sulfonate O -( O -ansyl O -) O -to O -native O -and O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -hemocyanin O -of O -Octopus O -vulgaris O -has O -been O -studied O -in O -different O -conditions O -by O -measuring O -the O -fluorescence O -properties O -of O -the O -probe O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -hemocyanin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -binding O -sites O -( O -n O -) O -of O -apohemocyanin O -for O -ansyl O -depends O -on O -the O -conformational O -state O -of O -the O -protein O -and O -ranges O -from O -0 O -. O -15 O -- O -- O -0 O -. O -80 O -mol O -/ O -mol O -protein O -( O -Mr O -50 O -, O -000 O -) O -, O -depending O -on O -pH O -, O -ionic O -strength O -, O -and O -urea B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -+ O -- O -induced O -changes O -in O -the O -aggregational O -state O -of O -prepurified O -NADP O -- O -linked O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -13 O -) O -were O -used O -to O -isolate O -the O -enzyme O -from O -Spinacia O -oleracea O -, O -Pisum O -sativaum O -and O -Hordeum O -vulgare O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoenzyme O -2 O -( O -slow O -moving O -during O -conventional O -electrophoresis O -) O -precipitates O -with O -the O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -fraction O -70 O -- O -- O -95 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -findings O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -heterogeneous O -results O -obtained O -previously O -by O -other O -authors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -electrostatic O -interaction O -on O -the O -proton O -- O -binding O -behaviour O -of O -myo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inositol I-Chemical -hexakisphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -enhancement O -of O -locomotor O -activity O -by O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonists O -following O -chronic O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -: O -an O -animal O -model O -of O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -treatment O -they O -were O -challenged O -with O -an O -apomorphine B-Chemical -ester O -or O -lergotrile O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -use O -of O -different O -dopaminergic O -agonists O -may O -help O -to O -dissociate O -receptor O -supersensitivity O -arising O -from O -the O -antipsychotic O -actions O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -from O -that O -leading O -to O -the O -development O -of O -undesirable O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Bretylium O -given O -by O -rapid O -intravenous O -injection O -into O -cats O -anesthetized O -solely O -with O -halothane B-Chemical -precipitates O -severe O -and O -unusually O -long O -- O -lasting O -ventricular O -arrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -results O -and O -from O -those O -of O -other O -investigations O -, O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -bretylium O -arrhythmias O -are O -mediated O -through O -the O -release O -of O -endogenous O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -stored O -in O -adrenergic O -neurons O -of O -the O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -Hymenolepis O -microstoma O -: O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -of O -the O -adult O -worm O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -hydralazine B-Chemical -on O -the O -elasticity O -of O -collagen O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -on O -pyrolaxon O -- O -immobilized O -cats O -evidence O -that O -diazepam B-Chemical -produces O -depression O -of O -evoked O -potentials O -in O -the O -specific O -, O -nonspecific O -and O -associative O -brain O -structures O -upon O -an O -electric O -stimulation O -of O -the O -visceral O -and O -somatic O -nerves O -, O -and O -also O -with O -accoustic O -and O -photostimulation O -; O -Meprotan O -( O -meprobamate O -) O -in O -doses O -of O -40 O -- O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -neither O -changes O -nor O -increases O -, O -and O -in O -doses O -of O -100 O -- O -150 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -reduces O -the O -amplitude O -of O -evoked O -potentials O -and O -at O -the O -sme O -time O -forces O -down O -the O -arterial O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -tests O -on O -dogs O -with O -fistulas O -in O -the O -fundal O -portion O -of O -the O -stomach O -and O -polychlorvinyl O -catheters O -implanted O -in O -the O -jugular O -vein O -brought O -evidence O -that O -infusion O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -or O -mesaton O -in O -a O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -003 O -- O -0 O -. O -004 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -for O -1 O -1 O -/ O -2 O -and O -more O -hours O -inhibited O -the O -gastric O -secretion O -stimulated O -with O -carbocholine O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Gamma O -- O -glutamyltranspeptidase O -activity O -and O -cyclic O -AMP O -levels O -in O -rat O -liver O -and O -mammary O -gland O -during O -the O -lactogenic O -cycle O -and O -in O -the O -oestradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -progesterone I-Chemical -pseudo O -- O -induced O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -examples O -of O -altered O -enzyme O -adaptations O -during O -aging O -include O -the O -responses O -of O -hepatic O -glucokinase O -activity O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -hepatic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -to O -starvation O -in O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Age O -- O -dependent O -changes O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -circulating O -levels O -of O -insulin O -probably O -originate O -within O -the O -impaired O -ability O -of O -pancreatic O -islets O -of O -Langerhans O -to O -secrete O -the O -hormone O -in O -response O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -article O -presents O -a O -case O -of O -a O -young O -pregnant O -woman O -with O -vaginal O -carcinoma O -who O -had O -been O -exposed O -to O -diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical -( O -DES O -) O -in O -utero O -. O - -aps B-category -Salbutamol B-Chemical -was O -administered O -intravenously O -and O -orally O -to O -58 O -patients O -who O -were O -admitted O -to O -the O -hospital O -because O -of O -premature O -labor O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -estrone O -, O -estradiol B-Chemical -and O -estriol O -concentrations O -during O -estradiolvalerate O -- O -norgestrel O -therapy O -for O -women O -who O -have O -undergone O -oophorectomy O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -estriol O -concentrations O -on O -the O -fifth O -day O -were O -distinctly O -higher O -than O -on O -the O -first O -, O -owing O -to O -the O -conversion O -of O -estrone O -and O -estradiol B-Chemical -into O -estriol O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -LH O -- O -RH O -and O -two O -highly O -potent O -LH O -- O -RH O -agonists O -terminated O -pregnancy O -when O -administrated O -prior O -to O -or O -following O -implantation O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -determine O -the O -effect O -of O -oral O -administration O -of O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -hormone O -( O -TRH O -) O -on O -the O -thyroid O -function O -and O -on O -the O -composition O -of O -breast O -milk O -in O -the O -early O -puerperium O -, O -six O -lactating O -women O -were O -treated O -with O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -40 O -mg O -of O -synthetic O -TRH O -and O -six O -women O -were O -treated O -with O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Milk O -samples O -were O -collected O -three O -times O -a O -day O -and O -their O -major O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -determined O -by O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -and O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -obtained O -from O -normal O -lactating O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -doubtful O -whether O -this O -could O -lead B-Chemical -to O -hyperthyroidism O -since O -the O -levels O -of O -thyroid O -hormones O -became O -normal O -within O -ten O -hours O -after O -TRH O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fetal O -alcohol B-Chemical -syndrome O -: O -some O -maternal O -characteristics O -. O - -aps B-category -Clonidine B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -menopausal O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clonidine B-Chemical -dose O -was O -2 O -X O -0 O -. O -025 O -mg O -/ O -24 O -hours O -- O -0 O -. O -075 O -mg O -/ O -24 O -hours O -, O -increased O -if O -necessary O -at O -intervals O -of O -two O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Side O -effects O -during O -clonidine B-Chemical -management O -were O -slight O -and O -no O -difference O -was O -seen O -in O -their O -incidence O -compared O -with O -that O -in O -the O -patients O -treated O -with O -the O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -fresh O -look O -at O -magnesium B-Chemical -trisilicate O -. O - -aps B-category -Inadequate O -mixing O -of O -the O -alkali B-Chemical -with O -the O -stomach O -contents O -when O -it O -is O -given O -as O -an O -immediate O -pre O -- O -induction O -dose O -leads O -to O -a O -hazard O -of O -acid O -regurgitation O -when O -anaesthesia O -is O -induced O -in O -these O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Andursil O -was O -found O -to O -be O -more O -palatable O -by O -patients O -than O -was O -Magnesium B-Chemical -Trisilicate O -Co O -, O -but O -the O -incidence O -of O -nausea O -and O -vomiting O -was O -similar O -in O -the O -two O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -slow O -- O -release O -salbutamol B-Chemical -with O -slow O -- O -release O -aminophylline B-Chemical -in O -nocturnal O -asthma O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -output O -of O -the O -two O -enzymes O -were O -correlated O -with O -each O -other O -and O -with O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -output O -. O - -aps B-category -Intragastric O -titration O -, O -introduced O -in O -1973 O -, O -has O -become O -more O -popular O -than O -in O -the O -past O -and O -is O -being O -applied O -to O -the O -study O -of O -gastric O -secretion O -under O -a O -variety O -of O -conditions O -using O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -and O -NaOH B-Chemical -as O -titrant O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -end O -point O -pHs O -above O -the O -pKa O -' O -of O -carbonic O -acid O -could O -lead B-Chemical -to O -large O -amounts O -of O -factitious O -acid O -secretion O -if O -the O -intralumental O -contents O -are O -in O -equilibrium O -with O -CO2 O -entering O -from O -the O -gastric O -wall O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -aspirin B-Chemical -and O -the O -heavy O -metal O -salts O -of O -related O -anions O -have O -effects O -on O -intestinal O -ion O -transport O -and O -on O -diarrheal O -states O -, O -we O -have O -studied O -the O -effect O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -( O -ASA O -) O -on O -the O -in O -vitro O -rabbit O -ileum O -in O -an O -attempt O -to O -understand O -its O -mechanism O -of O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Cl O -- O -free O -and O -HCO3 O -- O -free O -solutions O -, O -aspirin B-Chemical -reduced O -both O -Na O -absorption O -and O -the O -short O -- O -circuit O -current O -( O -Isc O -) O -, O -which O -suggests O -an O -effect O -on O -electrogenic O -Na O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -Ringer O -solution O -, O -aspirin B-Chemical -in O -concentrations O -as O -little O -as O -1 O -mM O -in O -the O -serosal O -solution O -reduced O -the O -Isc O -as O -before O -but O -also O -stimulated O -Na O -and O -Cl O -absorption O -and O -reduced O -JRnet O -( O -? O - -aps B-category -Although O -these O -effects O -of O -ASA O -resemble O -those O -of O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -agents O -, O -ASA O -' O -s O -effect O -was O -not O -blocked O -by O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blockers O -such O -as O -phentolamine B-Chemical -or O -phenoxybenzamine O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Telemetric O -monitoring O -of O -delivery O -when O -inducing O -labour O -by O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -tablets O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -article O -reports O -on O -75 O -patients O -in O -whom O -labor O -was O -induced O -by O -means O -of O -oral O -administration O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -( O -PGE2 B-Chemical -) O -tablets O -; O -35 O -patients O -were O -controls O -at O -bedside O -and O -40 O -patients O -were O -monitored O -telemetrically O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -effect O -of O -nitrates B-Chemical -, O -beta O -blockaders O -and O -revascularization O -on O -myocardial O -circulation O -in O -patients O -with O -coronary O -heart O -disease O -( O -proceedings O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Impaired O -testosterone B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -in O -Leydig O -cells O -from O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -treated O -rats O -is O -correlated O -with O -the O -reduced O -activity O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenase O -and O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -season O -and O -temperature O -on O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -and O -arginine O -kinase O -in O -the O -foot O -of O -Helix O -pomatia O -L O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -Tris O -buffers O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -the O -enzyme O -with O -the O -most O -acid O -maximum O -, O -arginine O -kinase O -that O -with O -the O -most O -alkaline O -, O -whilst O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -occupied O -an O -intermediate O -position O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyruvate O -kinase O -activity O -was O -slightly O -lower O -, O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -significantly O -higher O -, O -in O -winter O -than O -in O -summer O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -are O -strongly O -correlated O -in O -summer O -, O -forming O -a O -" O -constant O -- O -proportion O -- O -group O -" O -, O -whereas O -in O -winter O -, O -with O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -increasing O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -activity O -decreasing O -these O -two O -enzymes O -become O -" O -uncoupled O -" O -. O - -aps B-category -Preparation O -of O -an O -active O -Fd O -fragment O -by O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -cleavage O -of O -an O -IgG O -heavy O -chain O -from O -a O -homogeneous O -rabbit O -antibody O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -intraperitoneal O -injection O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -methotrexate B-Chemical -( O -MTX O -) O -has O -been O -found O -to O -increase O -the O -immune O -reactivity O -of O -spleen O -cells O -from O -( O -C57B1 O -/ O -6 O -X O -DBA O -/ O -2 O -) O -F1 O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Incidence O -of O -tumors O -during O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Toxicologic O -studies O -on O -butyrophenone O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -and O -related O -substances O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Tolerance O -of O -bromperidol B-Chemical -in O -long O -term O -application O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Introductory O -words O -to O -the O -exchange O -of O -results O -on O -the O -clinical O -effects O -of O -bromperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Results O -of O -a O -double O -blind O -study O -with O -bromperidol B-Chemical -and O -perphenazine O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inner O -side O -of O -the O -red O -blood O -cell O -membrane O -is O -composed O -of O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -lipids O -but O -these O -are O -normally O -masked O -by O -membrane O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -concentration O -of O -GSH O -in O -the O -X O -- O -rayed O -lens O -decreased O -throughout O -the O -experimental O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -corresponding O -decrease O -occurred O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -HMS O -in O -X O -- O -rayed O -lenses O -as O -measured O -by O -culture O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -1 O -- O -14C O -- O -labeled O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -G O -- O -6 O -- O -PD O -was O -partially O -inactivated O -in O -the O -X O -- O -rayed O -lens O -. O - -aps B-category -Pre O -- O -incubation O -of O -sections O -in O -media O -containing O -formaldehyde O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -or O -with O -buffers O -of O -different O -pH O -, O -followed O -by O -incubation O -for O -myosin O -- O -ATPase O -, O -also O -differentiated O -the O -muscle O -fibres O -into O -a O -specific O -distribution O -pattern O -within O -the O -myotomes O -, O -resembling O -that O -of O -the O -oxidative O -enzymes O -to O -some O -extent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -PAP O -unlabelled O -antibody O -enzyme O -method O -of O -Sternberger O -was O -used O -for O -the O -histochemical O -demonstration O -of O -LHRH O -and O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -synthesizing O -enzyme O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -in O -the O -hypothalamus O -of O -the O -adult O -male O -and O -pregnant O -female O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Mammalian O -and O -microbial O -cell O -- O -free O -conversion O -of O -anthracycline B-Chemical -antibiotics O -and O -analogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -conversions O -have O -pH O -optima O -of O -7 O -. O -5 O -( O -rat O -) O -and O -9 O -( O -S O -. O -nogalater O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antibacterial O -properties O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dichloroisocyanurate O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -hypochlorite O -formulations O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphology O -- O -associated O -expression O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -- O -dependent O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -Mucorracemosus O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -( O -NAD O -) O -and O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -NADP O -) O -- O -dependent O -GDH O -activities O -were O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Deoxyribonucleic O -acid O -( O -DNA O -) O -in O -lysates O -of O -both O -completent O -and O -noncompetent O -streptococcus O -pneumoniae O -cells O -was O -characterized O -by O -chromatography O -on O -benzoylated O -, O -naphthoylated O -diethylaminoethyl O -- O -cellulose O -columns O -, O -by O -sensitivity O -to O -Aspergillus O -oryzae O -S1 O -endonuclease O -, O -and O -by O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Lysates O -made O -at O -various O -times O -after O -[ O -14C O -] O -thymidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labeled I-Chemical -cells O -had O -bound O -[ O -3H O -] O -thymidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labeled I-Chemical -transforming O -DNA O -were O -also O -characterized O -by O -benzoylated O -, O -naphthoylated O -diethylaminoethyl O -- O -cellulose O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Relation O -between O -the O -adenylylation O -state O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -the O -expression O -of O -other O -genes O -involved O -in O -nitrogen B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -this O -assay O -procedure O -, O -we O -examined O -the O -relationship O -between O -the O -adenylylation O -state O -and O -the O -expression O -of O -other O -genes O -involved O -in O -nitrogen B-Chemical -assimilation O -. O - -aps B-category -NgoII O -is O -an O -isoschizomer O -of O -HaeIII O -, O -a O -restriction O -endonuclease O -of O -Haemophilus O -aegyptius O -, O -and O -was O -found O -to O -recognize O -the O -deoxyribonucleic O -acid O -nucleotide B-Chemical -base O -sequence O -GGCC O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -wild O -- O -type O -cells O -, O -glutamine B-Chemical -auxotrophs O -of O -the O -photosynthetic O -bacterium O -Rhodopseudomonas O -capsulata O -synthesize O -nitrogenase O -, O -produce O -H2 O -( O -catalyzed O -by O -nitrogenase O -) O -, O -and O -continue O -to O -reduce O -dinitrogen O -to O -ammonia B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -exogenous O -NH4 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -appears O -that O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -plays O -a O -significant O -role O -in O -regulation O -of O -nitrogenase O -synthesis O -in O -R O -. O -capsulata O -. O - -aps B-category -Affinity O -chromatography O -on O -blue O -dextran B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Sepharose I-Chemical -with O -batchwise O -elution O -with O -1 O -mM O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -affected O -a O -further O -10 O -- O -fold O -purification O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -in O -nit O -- O -2 O -and O -am O -mutants O -of O -Neurospora O -crassa O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -wild O -- O -type O -strain O -, O -a O -high O -nutrient O -carbon B-Chemical -concentration O -increased O -the O -activity O -of O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -NADPH B-Chemical -) O -- B-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -decreased O -the O -activity O -of O -reduced O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -( O -NADH O -) O -- B-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nit O -- O -2 O -mutants O -, O -defective O -in O -many O -nitrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -utilizing I-Chemical -enzymes O -and O -transport O -systems O -, O -exhibited O -low O -enzyme O -activities O -after O -growth O -on O -a O -high O -sucrose B-Chemical -concentration O -: O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -was O -reduced O -4 O -- O -fold O -on O -NH O -( O -4 O -) O -Cl O -medium O -, O -and O -NADH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -20 O -- O -fold O -on O -urea B-Chemical -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -am O -mutants O -, O -which O -lack O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -, O -possessed O -basal O -levels O -of O -NADH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -after O -growth O -on O -urea B-Chemical -or O -l O -- O -aspartic O -acid O -media O -, O -like O -the O -wild O -- O -type O -strain O -, O -and O -possessed O -moderate O -levels O -( O -although O -three O -- O -to O -fourfold O -lower O -than O -the O -wild O -- O -type O -strain O -) O -on O -l O -- O -asparagine O -medium O -or O -l O -- O -aspartic O -acid O -medium O -containing O -NH O -( O -4 O -) O -Cl O -. O - -aps B-category -Double O -mutants O -of O -nit O -- O -2 O -and O -am O -had O -lower O -NADH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activities O -than O -either O -parent O -. O - -aps B-category -Parallel O -measurements O -of O -the O -rate O -and O -extent O -of O -proton O -efflux O -into O -the O -external O -medium O -( O -half O -- O -time O -, O -about O -10 O -s O -; O -ratio O -of O -H O -( O -+ O -) O -to O -O O -, O -about O -0 O -. O -5 O -) O -and O -the O -oxidation O -of O -E O -. O -coli O -cytochrome O -b O -( O -half O -- O -time O -, O -& O -lt O -; O -/ O -= O -1 O -s O -; O -about O -6 O -% O -oxidized O -) O -after O -a O -pulse O -of O -5 O -. O -5 O -ng O -- O -atoms O -of O -O O -indicate O -that O -the O -rate O -of O -proton O -efflux O -is O -at O -least O -10 O -times O -slower O -than O -expected O -from O -the O -time O -required O -for O -the O -cells O -to O -reduce O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -added O -in O -the O -pulse O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extent O -of O -the O -initial O -rapid O -decrease O -was O -linearly O -dependent O -upon O -the O -amount O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -added O -in O -the O -pulse O -( O -0 O -to O -11 O -ng O -- O -atoms O -of O -O O -per O -pulse O -) O -, O -whereas O -the O -rate O -of O -the O -subsequent O -relaxation O -was O -accelerated O -by O -the O -uncoupler O -p O -- O -trifluoromethoxycarbonylcyanidephenylhydrazone O -and O -the O -K O -( O -+ O -) O -ionophore O -colicin O -E1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitrogen O -control O -in O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -is O -not O -limited O -to O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -but O -affects O -, O -in O -addition O -, O -transport O -systems O -for O -histidine O -, O -glutamine B-Chemical -, O -lysine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ornithine I-Chemical -, O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -N O -- O -regulatory O -mutations O -are O -closely O -linked O -on O -the O -chromosome O -to O -the O -structural O -gene O -for O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -, O -glnA O -: O -we O -discuss O -the O -possibility O -that O -they O -lie O -in O -a O -regulatory O -gene O -, O -glnR O -, O -which O -is O -distinct O -from O -glnA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -structural O -gene O -for O -the O -periplasmic O -glutamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -protein O -, O -glnH O -, O -was O -identified O -, O -as O -was O -a O -gene O -argT O -that O -probably O -encodes O -the O -structure O -of O -the O -lysine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ornithine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -receptor O -was O -identified O -as O -a O -protein O -which O -consisted O -of O -a O -single O -polypeptide O -chain O -with O -an O -apparent O -molecular O -weight O -of O -90 O -, O -000 O -and O -a O -preponderance O -of O -acidic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -pI O -= O -5 O -. O -0 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -acetoacetyl O -- O -CoA O -to O -beta O -- O -hydroxybutyryl O -- O -CoA O -was O -faster O -with O -NADH O -than O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Butyryl O -- O -CoA O -was O -converted O -to O -butyrate O -by O -phosphate B-Chemical -butyryl O -transferase O -and O -butyrate O -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -growth O -rate O -- O -dependent O -change O -in O -localization O -was O -found O -for O -sucrose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -plasmolysis O -vacuoles O -. O - -aps B-category -Extracts O -from O -rat O -liver O -contain O -a O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -endoprotease O -which O -degrades O -[ O -methyl O -- O -14C O -] O -globin O -or O -125I O -- O -hemoglobin O -to O -acid O -- O -soluble O -peptides O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -nucleotide B-Chemical -triphosphates O -and O -ADP O -also O -increased O -proteolysis O -but O -less O -effectively O -than O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -functional O -arginine O -residue O -in O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductase O -from O -pig O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -D O -- O -glyceraldehyde O -nor O -pyridine O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aldehyde I-Chemical -, O -both O -substrates O -for O -this O -broadly O -specific O -enzyme O -, O -protected O -the O -enzyme O -from O -inactivation O -but O -1 O -mM O -NADPH B-Chemical -or O -NADP O -completely O -prevented O -the O -loss O -of O -activity O -by O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -butanedione O -suggesting O -the O -involvement O -of O -arginine O -in O -the O -binding O -of O -cofactor O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -NMN O -and O -ADP O -- O -ribose O -phosphate B-Chemical -are O -competitive O -inhibitors O -of O -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductase O -with O -respect O -to O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -confirmed O -by O -fluorescence O -spectra O -which O -showed O -that O -chemically O -modified O -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductase O -caused O -the O -same O -blue O -shift O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -fluorescence O -as O -did O -native O -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunological O -studies O -on O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arabino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -heptulosonate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthase O -isoenzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -antibody O -complexes O -maintained O -full O -enzyme O -activity O -and O -were O -inhibited O -by O -phenylalanine O -, O -indicating O -that O -neither O -the O -active O -site O -nor O -the O -feedback O -- O -inhibitor O -binding O -site O -is O -mechanistically O -connected O -to O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequences O -which O -are O -antigenic O -determinants O -. O - -aps B-category -Biotransformation O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -to O -cholestane O -- O -3beta O -, O -5alpha O -, O -6beta O -- O -triol O -via O -cholesterol B-Chemical -alpha O -- O -epoxide O -( O -5alpha O -, O -6alpha O -- O -epoxycholestan O -- O -3beta O -- O -ol O -) O -in O -bovine O -adrenal O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -turbidimetric O -method O -for O -the O -direct O -measurement O -of O -the O -solubility O -of O -oxy O -- O -and O -deoxyhemoglobins O -( O -Hb O -) O -in O -concentrated O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -has O -been O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -dependency O -of O -the O -solubility O -of O -deoxy O -- O -Hb O -S O -in O -high O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -was O -opposite O -to O -that O -of O -the O -minimum O -gelling O -concentration O -of O -deoxy O -- O -Hb O -S O -. O -The O -order O -of O -the O -solubility O -of O -Hb O -CHarlem O -, O -Hb O -FS O -, O -Hb O -AS O -, O -Hb O -CS O -, O -and O -Hb O -S O -in O -concentrated O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -corresponds O -to O -the O -order O -of O -minimum O -gelling O -concentration O -of O -these O -hemoglobins O -or O -hemoglobin O -mixtures O -. O - -aps B-category -Stereochemistry O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ribose O -phosphate B-Chemical -portions O -of O -the O -coenzyme O -are O -involved O -in O -numerous O -specific O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bonded I-Chemical -and O -charge O -- O -charge O -interactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -rather O -extended O -loops O -( O -residues O -10 O -to O -24 O -and O -117 O -to O -135 O -) O -connecting O -beta O -A O -to O -alpha O -B O -and O -beta O -F O -to O -beta O -G O -, O -respectively O -, O -move O -2 O -to O -3 O -A O -when O -NADPH B-Chemical -binds O -to O -dihydrofolate O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -also O -demonstrated O -that O -each O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -enters O -the O -respiring O -tumor O -mitochondria O -carrying O -two O -positive O -electric O -charges O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -with O -[ O -3H O -] O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -dihydroergocryptine O -. O - -aps B-category -Highly O -purified O -preparations O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -oxidase O -from O -Schizophyllum O -commune O -contain O -a O -covalently O -bound O -flavin O -component O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -that O -histidine O -is O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -substituted O -at O -the O -8 O -alpha O -position O -of O -the O -flavin O -and O -that O -N O -( O -1 O -) O -of O -the O -imidazole O -ring O -is O -the O -site O -of O -attachment O -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneous O -analysis O -of O -NAD O -- O -and O -NADP O -- O -linked O -activities O -of O -dual O -nucleotide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -is O -based O -on O -the O -fact O -that O -the O -thionicotinamide O -analogs O -of O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -absorb O -light O -maximally O -at O -400 O -nm O -, O -a O -wavelength O -sufficiently O -far O -removed O -from O -the O -absorbance O -maximum O -of O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -to O -permit O -measurements O -of O -the O -simultaneous O -reduction O -of O -NAD O -+ O -( O -or O -NADP O -+ O -) O -and O -the O -thionicotinamide O -analog O -of O -NADP O -+ O -( O -or O -NAD O -+ O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -6 O -- O -azauridine O -resulted O -in O -the O -accumulation O -of O -orotidine O -, O -OA O -, O -DHO O -, O -and O -carbamyl O -aspartate B-Chemical -( O -CAA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Digoxin B-Chemical -levels O -decreased O -uniformly O -during O -perfusion O -in O -all O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -were O -kept O -in O -the O -high O -normal O -range O -as O -a O -result O -of O -exogenous O -administration O -of O -these O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -More O -vigorous O -magnesium B-Chemical -replacement O -during O -bypass O -surgery O -may O -be O -required O -if O -hypomagnesemia O -is O -to O -be O -avoided O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chemiluminescence O -of O -particulate O -fractions O -from O -stimulated O -neutrophils O -was O -linear O -with O -increasing O -protein O -concentration O -, O -had O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -7 O -. O -0 O -, O -and O -was O -higher O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -as O -substrate O -than O -with O -NADH O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -suggest O -that O -the O -energy O -responsible O -for O -the O -luminescence O -of O -particulate O -fractions O -and O -, O -presumably O -, O -the O -intact O -cell O -, O -is O -derived O -from O -more O -than O -one O -oxygen B-Chemical -species O -and O -that O -luminescence O -is O -a O -product O -of O -the O -interaction O -of O -these O -species O -and O -excitable O -substrates O -within O -the O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -Mitochondria O -from O -rabbit O -and O -dog O -renal O -cortex O -were O -incubated O -with O -1 O -mM O -( O -14 O -) O -C O -- O -weak O -acid O -anions O -in O -media O -containing O -low O -( O -10 O -mM O -) O -or O -high O -( O -40 O -mM O -) O -concentrations O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -and O -the O -steady O -- O -state O -accumulation O -of O -labeled O -anion O -in O -the O -matrix O -was O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -an O -energy O -source O -, O -usually O -ascorbate O -plus O -tetramethyl O -- O -p O -- O -phenylenediamine O -, O -led O -to O -increases O -in O -matrix O -space O -anion O -levels O -and O -to O -accentuation O -of O -the O -difference O -in O -anion O -uptake O -between O -low O -- O -and O -high B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -media O -, O -so O -that O -two O -to O -four O -times O -as O -much O -anion O -was O -present O -at O -low O -- O -than O -at O -high B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -difference O -in O -mitochondrial O -anion O -accumulation O -between O -low O -- O -and O -high B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -levels O -diminished O -with O -decreasing O -temperature O -or O -with O -increasing O -anion O -concentration O -in O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -an O -abrupt O -fall O -in O -systemic O -pH O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -is O -associated O -with O -a O -shift O -in O -substrate O -in O -renal O -cortex O -out O -of O -the O -cytoplasm O -and O -into O -mitochondria O -, O -where O -some O -of O -the O -added O -substrate O -is O -metabolized O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -widespread O -use O -of O -stainless O -steel O -for O -sample O -probes O -, O -connectors O -, O -and O -sample O -stream O -splitters O -in O -autoanalyser O -systems O -can O -lead B-Chemical -to O -significant O -differences O -in O -the O -amount O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -available O -for O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -an O -alkaline O -sample O -will O -have O -an O -apparently O -reduced O -calcium B-Chemical -content O -, O -while O -a O -more O -acidic O -sample O -may O -have O -an O -apparently O -increased O -concentration O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -pH O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -buffered O -sodium B-Chemical -hypochlorite O -solution O -, O -and O -a O -buffered O -methanol O -/ O -sodium B-Chemical -hypochlorite O -mixture O -, O -against O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -spores O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -buffering O -alcohol B-Chemical -/ O -hypochlorite O -mixtures O -or O -hypochlorite O -solution O -alone O -in O -the O -pH O -range O -7 O -. O -6 O -- O -- O -8 O -. O -1 O -, O -high O -sporicidal O -activity O -can O -be O -achieved O -with O -low O -concentrations O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -and O -hypochlorite O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -desensitization O -was O -markedly O -reduced O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -the O -desensitization O -by O -ICI O -89 O -, O -963 O -were O -comparable O -with O -those O -for O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -reaching O -a O -maximum O -in O -2 O -to O -3 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Single O -cell O -suspensions O -were O -obtained O -by O -collagenase O -perfusion O -of O -livers O -from O -rats O -that O -had O -either O -received O -a O -two O -- O -thirds O -partial O -hepatectomy O -followed O -24 O -hr O -later O -by O -a O -single O -injection O -of O -diethylnitrosamine B-Chemical -( O -DEN O -) O -or O -received O -a O -partial O -hepatectomy O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluorescence O -excitation O -spectra O -from O -individual O -rat O -bone O -marrow O -cells O -treated O -with O -fluorescein B-Chemical -diacetate O -( O -FDA O -) O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -fluorescein B-Chemical -solutions O -of O -known O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -diagnosis O -of O -meningitis O -with O -use O -of O -selected O -clinical O -data O -and O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatographic O -determination O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -CSF O -was O -assayed O -by O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -for O -115 O -patients O -, O -17 O -of O -whom O -had O -serous O -meningitis O -and O -38 O -had O -bacterial O -meningitis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -highest O -lactate B-Chemical -level O -in O -serous O -meningitis O -overlapped O -with O -the O -lowest O -level O -in O -bacterial O -meningitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Misleading O -results O -may O -therefore O -be O -obtained O -if O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -CSF O -alone O -is O -used O -to O -distinguish O -between O -serous O -and O -bacterial O -meningitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Type O -I O -interferon B-Chemical -induced O -in O -mice O -by O -infection O -with O -Trypanosoma O -equiperdum O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -interferon B-Chemical -production O -was O -investigated O -in O -mice O -infected O -with O -Trypanosoma O -equiperdum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximal O -level O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -appeared O -before O -parasitemia O -was O -detected O -, O -a O -finding O -showing O -that O -the O -endogenous O -interferon B-Chemical -probably O -had O -no O -significant O -influence O -on O -the O -course O -of O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -production O -of O -two O -different O -types O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -in O -mice O -infected O -with O -T O -. O -cruzi O -and O -T O -. O -equiperdum O -may O -have O -been O -due O -to O -the O -dissimilar O -life O -cycles O -of O -the O -two O -trypanosomes O -in O -the O -white O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biliary O -beta O -- O -glucuronidase O -had O -, O -thus O -, O -low O -activity O -under O -normal O -physiologic O -condition O -because O -of O -the O -high O -pH O -( O -8 O -. O -1 O -) O -and O -high O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -content O -( O -20 O -mumoles O -/ O -ml O -) O -of O -the O -bile O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -amiloride B-Chemical -and O -lithium B-Chemical -on O -distal O -urinary O -acidification O -. O - -aps B-category -Amiloride B-Chemical -administration O -resulted O -in O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -Na O -, O -Cl O -, O -and O -HCO3 O -excretion O -, O -whereas O -K O -excretion O -decreased O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -LiCl B-Chemical -administration O -to O -animals O -receiving O -amiloride B-Chemical -led O -to O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -HCO3 O -excretion O -but O -failed O -to O -cause O -an O -increase O -in O -Na O -or O -K O -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -finding O -that O -the O -net O -increase O -in O -FEHCO3 O -was O -greater O -in O -animals O -receiving O -amiloride B-Chemical -after O -administration O -of O -LiCl B-Chemical -than O -in O -animals O -receiving O -LiCl B-Chemical -after O -amiloride B-Chemical -administration O -indicates O -that O -amiloride B-Chemical -blunted O -the O -effect O -of O -LiCl B-Chemical -on O -HCO3 O -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -demonstrate O -that O -amiloride B-Chemical -inhibits O -distal O -acidification O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -LiCl B-Chemical -administration O -also O -resulted O -in O -a O -decrease O -in O -TcH2O O -which O -could O -be O -prevented O -by O -prior O -administration O -of O -amiloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -thioacetamide O -on O -urea B-Chemical -cycle O -enzymes O -of O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Urea O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -were O -determined O -both O -in O -serum O -and O -in O -liver O -extracts O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -marked O -decrease O -( O -in O -brackets O -: O -fraction O -of O -control O -) O -in O -carbamoyl O -- O -P O -- O -synthetase O -( O -0 O -. O -23 O -) O -, O -ornithine B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -( O -0 O -. O -36 O -) O -and O -arginase O -( O -0 O -. O -62 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -increased O -respectively O -to O -1 O -. O -50 O -and O -1 O -. O -33 O -, O -and O -the O -changes O -in O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -levels O -were O -respectively O -1 O -. O -68 O -and O -0 O -. O -92 O -; O -this O -indicates O -that O -the O -metabolic O -route O -: O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -leads O -to O -glutamate B-Chemical -leads O -to O -glutamine B-Chemical -is O -increased O -, O -and O -thereby O -compensates O -for O -the O -low O -rate O -of O -urea B-Chemical -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopaminergic O -neuronal O -responses O -to O -a O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -CNS O -stimulant O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -AFA O -, O -like O -d O -- O -AMP O -, O -reduces O -the O -firing O -rate O -of O -DA O -neurons O -, O -although O -unlike O -d O -- O -AMP O -, O -AFA O -does O -not O -cause O -a O -decrease O -in O -neostriatal O -DOPAC B-Chemical -content O -and O -, O -in O -fact O -, O -enhances O -that O -produced O -by O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -HALO O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -both O -amphetamine B-Chemical -and O -amfonelic O -acid O -have O -identical O -electrophysiological O -effects O -on O -DA O -neurons O -but O -act O -by O -different O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treatment I-Chemical -of O -mice O -: O -a O -change O -in O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -responsiveness O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -animals O -administered O -saline O -or O -acid O -- O -vehicle O -were O -, O -in O -five O -of O -six O -experiments O -, O -more O -active O -than O -animals O -withdrawn O -from O -vehicle O -- O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -( O -4 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -the O -locomotor O -activity O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -animals O -was O -significantly O -( O -0 O -. O -01 O -less O -than O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -greater O -than O -that O -of O -the O -vehicle O -- O -treated O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -d O -- O -isomer O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -which O -is O -about O -50 O -times O -less O -active O -as O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -antagonist O -than O -the O -l O -- O -isomer O -, O -although O -having O -equal O -membrane O -stabilizing O -effects O -, O -did O -not O -differentially O -affect O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -or O -vehicle O -- O -treated O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -X O -- O -irradiation O -induced O -loss O -of O -cerebellar O -granule O -cells O -on O -the O -synaptosomal O -levels O -and O -the O -high O -affinity O -uptake O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -and O -fluoride B-Chemical -on O -ion O -exchange O -and O -acid O -resistance O -of O -enamel O -. O - -aps B-category -MgCl2 O -decreased O -, O -while O -NaF O -increased O -the O -acid O -resistance O -of O -the O -exchanged O -surface O -minerals O -on O -later O -exposure O -to O -10 O -mM O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanism O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -corrosion O -of O -dental O -amalgam O -. O - -aps B-category -Shifts O -in O -peak O -potential O -due O -to O -temperature O -and O -concentration O -changes O -agreed O -with O -calculations O -based O -on O -critical O -pitting O -potential O -for O -gamma2 O -dissolution O -due O -to O -a O -chloride B-Chemical -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Determination O -of O -critical O -micelle O -concentration O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -cholate B-Chemical -by O -iodine B-Chemical -method O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -fluorometric O -procedure O -for O -clobazam O -, O -a O -1 O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepine I-Chemical -, O -based O -on O -a O -fluorophore O -formed O -upon O -irradiation O -of O -the O -drug O -using O -short O -wavelength O -UV O -light O -( O -254 O -nm O -) O -for O -35 O -min O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -GLC O -analysis O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -, O -hydroxyethyltheophylline O -, O -and O -diphenylpyraline O -hydrochloride O -syrup O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -oxycodone B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -and O -identification O -of O -a O -major O -metabolite O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -involves O -extraction O -of O -the O -two O -substances O -into O -benzene B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isopropranol I-Chemical -at O -pH O -10 O -. O -4 O -, O -followed O -by O -back O -- O -extraction O -into O -0 O -. O -1 O -N O -HCl O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -removal O -of O -excess O -reagent O -, O -oxycodone B-Chemical -and O -noroxycodone O -are O -quantitated O -by O -GLC O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -chronic O -guanethidine B-Chemical -treatment O -and O -adrenal O -medullectomy O -on O -plasma O -levels O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -corticosterone B-Chemical -in O -forcibly O -immobilized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -and O -chronic O -methadone B-Chemical -exposure O -in O -adult O -rats O -: O -studies O -on O -arterial O -blood O -gas O -concentrations O -and O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -acutely O -or O -chronically O -, O -with O -either O -2 O -. O -5 O -, O -5 O -. O -0 O -or O -7 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methadone I-Chemical -hydrochloride O -; O -appropriate O -saline O -controls O -were O -utilized O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -receiving O -chronic O -methadone B-Chemical -exposure O -showed O -few O -alterations O -from O -control O -blood O -gas O -concentrations O -and O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -chronic O -methadone B-Chemical -treatment O -confers O -a O -substantial O -tolerance O -to O -the O -respiratory O -depressant O -action O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -bromide B-Chemical -solution O -the O -decay O -time O -constant O -increased O -by O -about O -50 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -other O -organic O -ions O -on O -conduction O -velocity O -in O -mammalian O -heart O -fibers O -depressed O -by O -" O -metabolic O -" O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -believe O -these O -studies O -account O -for O -the O -failure O -of O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -to O -eradicate O -human O -bacterial O -prostatitis O -effectively O -despite O -the O -experimental O -data O -documenting O -diffusion O -and O -concentration O -of O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -in O -the O -acidic O -prostatic O -fluid O -of O -the O -normal O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -prospective O -study O -confirms O -the O -previously O -reported O -high O -incidence O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -lithiasis O -in O -the O -Sudan O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulants O -such O -as O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -amphetamines B-Chemical -both O -potentiate O -narcotic O -analgesia O -and O -reduce O -narcotic O -- O -induced O -somnolence O -and O -respiratory O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -AH O -8165 O -on O -plasma O -cortisol B-Chemical -levels O -in O -dogs O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -injections O -of O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -( O -50 O -microgram O -/ O -Kg O -) O -, O -SG O -75 O -( O -150 O -microgram O -/ O -Kg O -) O -, O -papaverine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -Kg O -) O -, O -and O -nicotinic O -acid O -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -Kg O -) O -eliminated O -both O -cyclical O -reductions O -of O -flow O -and O -ST O -elevation O -( O -group O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Dipyridamole B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -Kg O -) O -and O -phenotolamine O -( O -500 O -microgram O -/ O -Kg O -) O -augmented O -both O -ST O -elevation O -and O -cyclical O -reductions O -of O -flow O -( O -group O -3 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -if O -the O -systolic O -pressure O -is O -less O -than O -trouser O -pressure O -, O -there O -is O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -both O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -shown O -that O -agents O -blocking O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -lead B-Chemical -to O -regular O -decrease O -in O -the O -indices O -of O -myocardial O -contractility O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -depletion O -on O -renal O -tubular O -chloride B-Chemical -transport O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -investigate O -the O -effects O -of O -KD O -on O -renal O -tubular O -reabsorption O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -balance O -, O -clearance O -, O -micropuncture O -, O -and O -microinjection O -studies O -were O -performed O -on O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -depleted I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Diets O -were O -chloride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -in O -both O -control O -and O -KD O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Muscle O -potassium B-Chemical -was O -reduced O -by O -27 O -% O -as O -compared O -to O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Fractional O -reabsorption O -of O -delivered O -chloride B-Chemical -was O -reduced O -in O -the O -loop O -of O -Henle O -( O -92 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -8 O -% O -in O -KD O -vs O -. O -95 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -% O -in O -control O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Fractional O -delivery O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -( O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -9 O -vs O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -, O -and O -fluid O -( O -26 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -vs O -. O -22 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -% O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -were O -also O -increased O -in O -KD O -at O -the O -early O -distal O -tubule O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -KD O -depresses O -chloride B-Chemical -reabsorption O -in O -the O -proximal O -tubule O -and O -in O -the O -loop O -of O -Henle O -, O -and O -it O -decreases O -chloride B-Chemical -36 O -efflux O -from O -the O -collecting O -duct O -. O - -aps B-category -ADX O -rats O -had O -significantly O -lower O -plasma O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentrations O -and O -significantly O -higher O -plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -concentrations O -than O -S O -rats O -did O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -minimum O -urine O -pH O -achieved O -during O -sodium B-Chemical -sulfate O -infusion O -and O -during O -ammonium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -administration O -was O -not O -significantly O -different O -between O -ADX O -and O -S O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -( O -GFR O -) O -was O -significantly O -lower O -in O -ADX O -than O -it O -was O -in O -S O -rats O -; O -ammonium B-Chemical -excretion O -corrected O -for O -GFR O -was O -not O -different O -between O -the O -two O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Salt O -- O -loaded O -ADX O -rats O -had O -a O -plasma O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -higher O -than O -did O -S O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -comparable O -levels O -of O -GFR O -, O -there O -was O -no O -difference O -in O -ammonium B-Chemical -excretion O -between O -ADX O -and O -S O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -excretion O -as O -well O -as O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -Renin O -release O -was O -decreased O -during O -administration O -of O -Etilefrin O -as O -well O -as O -during O -combined O -Etilefrin O -and O -Metoprolol B-Chemical -application O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -following O -interpretation O -: O -Changes O -of O -blood O -pressure O -and O -renal O -hemodynamics O -are O -mediated O -by O -beta O -1 O -- O -adrenergic O -effects O -of O -Etilefrin O -, O -whereas O -the O -electrolyte O -excretion O -is O -influenced O -by O -beta O -2 O -- O -adrenergic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Energy O -turnover O -of O -septic O -burned O -patients O -was O -favourably O -influenced O -by O -infusion O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -40 O -% O -one O -unit O -of O -Insulin O -for O -each O -3 O -grams O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -along O -with O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -protein O -preparate O -and O -50 O -- O -100 O -grams O -of O -aminoacids O -, O -administered O -by O -way O -of O -a O -cave O -cathether O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -studies O -on O -the O -pH O -- O -optimum O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -synthesizing O -activity O -in O -human O -blood O -we O -suggest O -, O -however O -, O -that O -this O -activity O -is O -only O -partly O -related O -to O -ChAT O -, O -and O -that O -the O -diurnal O -oscillation O -observed O -might O -be O -an O -artifact O -resulting O -from O -the O -analytical O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -malate B-Chemical -the O -treatment O -approximately O -doubled O -the O -rate O -of O -acylcarnitine O -oxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clofibrate O -- O -induced O -increase O -in O -acetyl O -group O -production O -was O -attributable O -to O -enhanced O -rates O -of O -ketone B-Chemical -body O -and O -acetylcarnitine O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -beta O -oxidation O -in O -mitochondria O -from O -clofibrate O -- O -treated O -rats O -was O -virtually O -unresponsive O -to O -added O -malate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clofibrate O -administration O -also O -increased O -the O -activities O -of O -general O -oxoacyl O -- O -CoA O -thiolase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -16 O -) O -, O -palmitoyl O -- O -CoA O -dehydrogenase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -99 O -. O -3 O -) O -, O -and O -butyryl O -- O -CoA O -dehydrogenase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -99 O -. O -2 O -) O -, O -which O -all O -take O -part O -in O -the O -beta O -oxidation O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Linoleic O -acid O -absorption O -in O -the O -unanesthetized O -rat O -: O -mechanism O -of O -transport O -and O -influence O -of O -luminal B-Chemical -factors O -on O -absorption O -. O - -aps B-category -Increase O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -taurocholate O -concentration O -, O -or O -perfusate O -flow O -rate O -increased O -linoleic O -acid O -' O -s O -absorption O -. O - -aps B-category -13C O -NMR O -spectroscopy O -of O -the O -vitamin B-Chemical -B6 I-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Mathematical O -model O -of O -Thiobacillus O -ferrooxidans O -growth O -on O -a O -medium O -with O -ferrous O -iron B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -intact O -cells O -and O -cell O -walls O -was O -determined O -in O -Candida O -utilis O -AUCMY O -- O -1 O -, O -668 O -growing O -in O -the O -regime O -of O -chemostat O -with O -limitation O -by O -glycerol O -or O -ethanol B-Chemical -deficiency O -at O -a O -temperature O -of O -30 O -degrees O -C O -( O -control O -) O -or O -with O -inhibition O -by O -an O -elevated O -temperature O -of O -40 O -degrees O -C O -( O -experiment O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -content O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -decreased O -in O -both O -the O -intact O -cells O -and O -cell O -walls O -at O -the O -elevated O -temperature O -( O -40 O -degrees O -C O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -highest O -pullulan O -synthesizing O -activity O -( O -per O -unit O -of O -the O -assimilated O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -and O -the O -synthesized O -biomass O -) O -was O -manifested O -by O -the O -diploid O -strain O -of O -P O -. O -pullulans O -1125 O -( O -13 O -) O -whose O -cells O -produced O -more O -pullulan O -( O -by O -75 O -% O -) O -within O -three O -days O -of O -growth O -than O -the O -cells O -of O -the O -haploid O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -L O -- O -histidine O -and O -L O -- O -threonine O -are O -the O -only O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -which O -are O -most O -actively O -deaminated O -by O -ureotelic O -animals O -fed O -on O -a O -high O -protein O -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -lack O -of O -basic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -peptide O -structure O -is O -not O -in O -favor O -of O -strong O -electrostatic O -interactions O -and O -implies O -a O -specific O -binding O -of O -peptide O -to O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -in O -the O -dark O -all O -substances O -tested O -increased O -the O -frequency O -of O -SCEs O -, O -a O -superimposed O -effect O -of O -visible O -light O -on O -SCE O -formation O -was O -observed O -for O -the O -acridines O -proflavin O -and O -acridine O -orange O -, O -but O -not O -for O -the O -pheneothiazine O -derivatives O -methylene O -blue O -and O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Absence O -of O -noxious O -effects O -of O -selected O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -dominant O -- O -lethal O -mutagenesis O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -dominant O -- O -lethal O -effect O -was O -induced O -by O -these O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -even O -when O -administered O -at O -doses O -many O -times O -as O -great O -as O -clinical O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -unexpected O -elements O -of O -uniformity O -shared O -by O -the O -several O -myosins O -, O -such O -as O -a O -three O -- O -banded O -, O -electrophoretic O -pattern O -of O -light O -chains O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -( O -SDS O -) O -gels O -and O -a O -low O -degree O -of O -alkaline O -lability O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -activated I-Chemical -neutral O -proteinase O -is O -found O -to O -be O -significantly O -elevated O -in O -muscle O -from O -patients O -with O -Duchenne O -dystrophy O -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -- O -base O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -aldosterone B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -renal O -tubular O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -hypokalemia O -results O -from O -renal O -potassium B-Chemical -wasting O -secondary O -hyperaldosteronism O -from O -sodium B-Chemical -wasting O -and O -contraction O -of O -the O -extracellular O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -also O -suggested O -that O -acidosis O -may O -interfere O -with O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -metabolism O -and O -thus O -play O -an O -important O -role O -in O -the O -pathoetiology O -of O -the O -growth O -failure O -in O -children O -with O -this O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -given O -at O -12 O -: O -00 O -h O -and O -14 O -: O -00 O -h O -to O -proestrous O -rats O -, O -completely O -inhibited O -the O -proestrous O -surges O -of O -serum O -luteinizing O -hormone O -( O -LH O -) O -, O -follicle O -- O -stimulating O -hormone O -( O -FSH O -) O -and O -prolactin O -( O -Prl O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Pethidine B-Chemical -and O -nalorphine O -inhibited O -the O -proestrous O -surges O -, O -while O -pentazocine B-Chemical -showed O -a O -weaker O -inhibitory O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Desmethyldiazepam O -- O -- O -providing O -the O -long O -- O -term O -anticonvulsant O -effect O -when O -diazepam B-Chemical -is O -given O -orally O -- O -- O -is O -conveniently O -administered O -as O -clorazepate O -( O -Tranxene O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Stable O -doses O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -were O -maintained O -throughout O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -common O -side O -effects O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -and O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -limited O -the O -attained O -serum O -levels O -of O -each O -when O -used O -together O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -the O -cases O -, O -normal O -and O -pathologic O -, O -the O -response O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -is O -variable O -, O -perhaps O -owing O -to O -the O -relation O -with O -the O -various O -factor O -which O -have O -been O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnesium B-Chemical -content O -of O -blood O -and O -saliva O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biochemical O -assays O -on O -the O -influence O -of O -four O -analgesics O -on O -the O -brain O -concentration O -and O -turnover O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -NA O -) O -were O -also O -performed O -. O - -aps B-category -Codeine B-Chemical -catalepsy O -was O -increased O -by O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -decreased O -by O -naphazoline B-Chemical -and O -xylometazoline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pentazocine B-Chemical -dose O -- O -dependently O -decreased O -the O -brain O -level O -of O -NA O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -in O -rats O -the O -brain O -NA O -plays O -a O -less O -important O -function O -than O -the O -other O -monoamines B-Chemical -in O -the O -behavioural O -activity O -of O -potent O -analgesics O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostaglandins O -( O -PGs O -) O -E1 O -, O -E2 O -, O -F2alpha O -injected O -intracerebroventricularly O -( O -icv O -) O -in O -rats O -, O -potentiated O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -( O -CPZ O -) O -and O -pimozide O -( O -PI O -) O -catalepsy O -similarly O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -phenomena O -were O -diminished O -by O -apomorphine B-Chemical -( O -AP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -( O -PN O -) O -diminished O -the O -potentiating O -effect O -on O -HL O -and O -on O -PI O -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Cataleptogenic O -effect O -of O -PGE2 B-Chemical -and O -PGF2 O -but O -not O -of O -PGE1 B-Chemical -, O -was O -evidently O -inhibited O -by O -AP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -drugs O -on O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -haloperidol B-Chemical -or O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Naphazoline O -and O -xylometazoline B-Chemical -antagonize O -the O -catalepsy O -produced O -by O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -but O -do O -not O -affect O -significantly O -that O -produced O -by O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -antihistamine O -drugs O -on O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -catalepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potency O -of O -the O -antiserotonin O -action O -of O -chlorcyclizine O -, O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -and O -mepyramine O -was O -estimated O -by O -assessing O -the O -ID50 O -values O -of O -these O -compounds O -in O -the O -test O -based O -on O -antagonism O -to O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -action O -in O -the O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -the O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -catalepsy O -, O -differences O -in O -action O -of O -the O -two O -groups O -of O -drugs O -were O -less O -distinct O -. O - -aps B-category -Amodiaquine O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -degradation O -, O -enhanced O -the O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -either O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -( O -the O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -catalepsy O -in O -a O -statistically O -significant O -menner O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -strongly O -acid O -medium O -the O -compounds O -were O -reduced O -in O -two O -diffusion O -governed O -waves O -corresponding O -to O -the O -consecutive O -reduction O -of O -NO2 O -- O -group O -( O -6 O -- O -electron O -wave O -) O -and O -pyrimidine O -ring O -( O -2 O -- O -electron O -wave O -) O -to O -amine B-Chemical -and O -dihydropyrimidine B-Chemical -, O -respectively O -; O -with O -increasing O -pH O -the O -second O -wave O -became O -, O -however O -, O -much O -worse O -shaped O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -quality O -of O -micrographs O -obtained O -with O -the O -STEM O -is O -dependent O -upon O -the O -quality O -of O -the O -substrate O -used O -to O -support O -biological O -objects O -because O -the O -image O -contrast B-Chemical -in O -dark O -field O -is O -proportional O -to O -the O -mass O -density O -of O -the O -specimen O -. O - -aps B-category -Well O -- O -known O -biological O -macromolecules O -such O -as O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -tobacco O -mosaic O -virus O -( O -both O -stained O -) O -and O -low O -- O -density O -lipoprotein O -and O -ferritin O -( O -both O -unstained O -were O -placed O -on O -these O -substrates O -and O -examined O -with O -the O -STEM O -by O -using O -various O -modes O -of O -contrast B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -this O -contrast B-Chemical -mode O -, O -we O -have O -been O -able O -to O -directly O -observe O -( O -in O -- O -focus O -) O -2 O -. O -5 O -- O -to O -4 O -. O -4 O -- O -A O -lattice O -spacings O -in O -the O -ferritin O -core O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -brain O -monoamine O -synthesis O -following O -castration O -was O -counteracted O -by O -treatment O -with O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -thus O -relating O -the O -biochemical O -consequences O -of O -castration O -with O -changed O -hormonal O -conditions O -of O -the O -animal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -feed O -intake O -stimulants O -elfazepam O -( O -E O -) O -, O -a O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -, O -and O -9 O -- O -aza O -- O -cannabinol O -( O -9 O -- O -AC O -) O -decrease O -rumen O -contractions O -and O -abomasal O -acid O -content O -in O -sheep O -and O -E O -increases O -rumen O -fluid O -volume O -, O -digestibility O -and O -overall O -nutrient O -availability O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -effects O -of O -antiarthritic O -and O -other O -pharmacological O -agents O -in O -the O -18 O -- O -hour O -arthritis O -and O -carrageenan B-Chemical -edema O -tests O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -advantage O -of O -pH O -- O -telemetry O -of O -plaque O -and O -mixed O -saliva O -in O -the O -evaluation O -of O -the O -cariogenic O -potential O -is O -that O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -in O -vitro O -measurements O -, O -in O -vivo O -telemetry O -discriminates O -among O -pH O -variations O -in O -plaque O -and O -saliva O -as O -a O -result O -of O -substrate O -fermentation O -and O -those O -due O -to O -dietary O -acids O -, O -acids O -formed O -by O -the O -oral O -mucosal O -microflora O -and O -adequately O -registers O -salivary O -buffers O -. O - -aps B-category -Catalase O -or O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -does O -not O -affect O -the O -oxidation O -, O -which O -is O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -this O -preparation O -, O -we O -tested O -the O -effects O -of O -two O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agents O -, O -Thioproperazine O -( O -TZ O -) O -and O -Sulpiride B-Chemical -( O -S O -) O -, O -through O -either O -systemic O -administration O -or O -local O -injection O -into O -the O -lateral O -- O -posterior O -hypothalamus O -and O -into O -the O -lumbar O -spinal O -cord O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -a O -series O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -on O -the O -drinking O -response O -elicited O -by O -intracerebroventricular O -injection O -of O -either O -angiotensin B-Chemical -or O -carbachol B-Chemical -into O -conscious O -rats O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -injected O -into O -the O -lateral O -ventricles O -, O -the O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -, O -cis O -- O -fluphenthixol O -and O -sulpiride B-Chemical -were O -potent O -inhibitors O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -drinking O -, O -but O -had O -little O -effect O -on O -the O -dipsogenic O -action O -of O -carbachol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pimozide B-Chemical -and O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -were O -also O -potent O -inhibitors O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -drinking O -, O -while O -trans O -- O -flupenthixol O -was O -inactive O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -( O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -chlordiazepoxide O -, O -halazepam O -, O -lorazepam B-Chemical -) O -were O -tested O -for O -their O -effects O -on O -the O -acquisition O -of O -a O -passive O -- O -avoidance O -task O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -of O -these O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -, O -at O -doses O -that O -did O -not O -alter O -overt O -behavior O -, O -blocked O -acquisition O -of O -the O -passive O -- O -avoidance O -response O -when O -they O -were O -administered O -to O -mice O -prior O -to O -the O -training O -session O -, O -but O -not O -when O -they O -were O -administered O -after O -the O -training O -session O -or O -prior O -to O -testing O -24 O -h O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretraining O -administration O -of O -the O -dopaminergic O -stimulant O -apomorphine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -25 O -- O -- O -16 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -impaired O -retention O -performance O -of O -mice O -on O -a O -one O -- O -trial O -passive O -avoidance O -task O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenoxybenzamine O -( O -8 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -a O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -receptor O -- O -blocker O -, O -antagonized O -the O -haloperidol B-Chemical -effect O -and O -, O -when O -combined O -with O -a O -subeffective O -dose O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -, O -impaired O -passive O -avoidance O -learning O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -and O -flurazepam B-Chemical -: O -effects O -on O -conditioned O -fear O -as O -measured O -with O -the O -potentiated O -startle O -paradigm O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -2 O -X O -2 O -design O -in O -which O -rats O -were O -trained O -and O -tested O -under O -the O -same O -or O -different O -drug O -condition O -( O -diazepam B-Chemical -or O -saline O -) O -showed O -the O -results O -could O -not O -be O -explained O -by O -state O -- O -dependent O -learning O -. O - -aps B-category -Flurazepam O -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -, O -10 O -, O -or O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -also O -reduced O -potentiated O -startle O -selectively O -but O -was O -6 O -- O -- O -8 O -times O -less O -potent O -than O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -5 O -days O -of O -drug O -treatment O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5HT O -) O -levels O -in O -the O -midbrain O -, O -hypothalamus O -and O -cortex O -were O -significantly O -higher O -than O -those O -of O -the O -corresponding O -controls O -, O -and O -the O -level O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -5HIAA O -) O -was O -significantly O -lower O -, O -indicating O -reduced O -turnover O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -those O -with O -reflux O -on O -pH O -testing O -, O -95 O -% O -had O -positive O -water O -siphon O -tests O -, O -and O -38 O -% O -also O -had O -spontaneous O -barium B-Chemical -reflux O -. O - -aps B-category -Production O -of O -prostacyclin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -substance O -in O -stroke O -- O -prone O -and O -stroke O -- O -resistant O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -PGI2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -substance O -was O -produced O -by O -the O -incubation O -of O -the O -aortic O -ring O -in O -pH O -9 O -. O -0 O -borate O -- O -buffered O -saline O -and O -the O -amount O -produced O -was O -estimated O -by O -comparison O -of O -its O -anti O -- O -aggregatory O -activity O -with O -that O -produced O -by O -known O -amounts O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -salt B-Chemical -of O -synthetic O -PGI2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -AMP O -formation O -and O -release O -by O -cultured O -bone O -cells O -stimulated O -with O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -released O -from O -the O -cells O -by O -PGE2 B-Chemical -was O -proportional O -to O -the O -cellular O -concentration O -, O -and O -was O -dependent O -upon O -the O -time O -of O -incubation O -with O -PGE2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -release O -was O -blocked O -by O -theophylline B-Chemical -, O -probenecid O -, O -ouabain B-Chemical -and O -dinitrophenol O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -release O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -was O -not O -a O -simple O -diffusive O -process O -and O -required O -energy O -. O - -aps B-category -Inability O -of O -D600 O -to O -inhibit O -PGE2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -release O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -indicates O -that O -the O -release O -does O -not O -require O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -on O -basal O -gastro O -- O -oesophageal O -sphincter O -pressure O -, O -intargastric O -pH O -, O -and O -serum O -gastrin O -concentration O -in O -normal O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -demonstrable O -difference O -was O -found O -in O -the O -time O -- O -course O -of O -the O -gastro O -- O -oesophageal O -sphincter O -pressure O -after O -ingestion O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -or O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -significant O -direct O -correlation O -between O -corresponding O -measurements O -of O -intragastric O -pH O -and O -serum O -gastrin O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -between O -intragastric O -pH O -and O -serum O -cimetidine B-Chemical -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -and O -between O -serum O -gastrin O -and O -serum O -cimetidine B-Chemical -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -ability O -to O -hydrolyze O -14C O -- O -phosphatidylethanolamine O -in O -biosynthetically O -radiolabeled O -Escherichia O -coli O -was O -largely O -retained O -. O - -aps B-category -Single O -islet O -cells O -in O -monolayer O -cultures O -of O -neonatal O -rat O -pancreas O -were O -microinjected O -with O -fluorescein B-Chemical -and O -scanned O -topographically O -by O -microfluorometry O -. O - -aps B-category -Islet O -cells O -were O -also O -microinjected O -with O -glycolytic O -substrates O -and O -activators O -that O -produced O -transient O -changes O -in O -cellular O -levels O -of O -reduced O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -- O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -and O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -[ O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -after O -adding O -16 O -. O -7 O -millimolar O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -the O -medium O -, O -injection O -of O -glycolytic O -substrates O -and O -activators O -produced O -transient O -changes O -in O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -fluorescence O -in O -the O -injected O -cell O -and O -in O -neighboring O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversely O -, O -destruction O -of O -noradrenergic O -neurons O -by O -administration O -of O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -to O -neonatal O -rats O -caused O -a O -64 O -% O -increase O -in O -the O -density O -of O -beta1 O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -in O -adult O -cerebral O -cortex O -with O -no O -change O -in O -the O -density O -of O -beta2 O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -the O -basic O -treatment O -the O -drugs O -act O -mainly O -peripherally O -and O -fairly O -regularly O -in O -the O -following O -order O -: O -methysergide B-Chemical -, O -beta O -- O -blockaders O -, O -pizotifene O -, O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -, O -oxetorone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -the O -ethyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -on O -the O -system O -involves O -a O -symptomatology O -of O -clinical O -variable O -expression O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -practitioner O -must O -affirm O -the O -correlation O -between O -the O -observed O -perturbations O -and O -the O -absorption O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -eliminate O -some O -disease O -simulating O -an O -acute O -inebriety O -and O -take O -the O -therapeutic O -decisions O -which O -assert O -themselves O -in O -a O -dramatic O -atmosphere O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -research O -work O -brings O -out O -the O -privileged O -place O -occupied O -by O -tiapride B-Chemical -in O -the O -course O -of O -weaning O -150 O -chronic O -alcoholics O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -the O -therapeutic O -efficacy O -of O -tiapride B-Chemical -in O -various O -neurological O -disorders O -was O -carried O -out O -during O -the O -period O -October O -1974 O -to O -May O -1975 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -two O -notes O -show O -us O -the O -possibilities O -of O -improvements O -in O -acting O -obtained O -even O -for O -the O -very O -old O -patients O -and O -good O -tolerance O -of O -tiapride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -spraying O -of O -houses O -and O -cattle O -sheds O -with O -organophosphorous B-Chemical -insecticides O -was O -effective O -in O -controlling O -the O -endophilic O -resting O -vectors O -of O -human O -Plasmodia O -, O -An O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -must O -also O -be O -understood O -that O -the O -H O -+ O -ions O -, O -excreted O -by O -the O -kidneys O -, O -are O -byproducts O -of O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -reclamation O -and O -neogenesis O -and O -are O -not O -derived O -from O -metabolic O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -intravenous O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -( O -Rohypnol O -, O -Roche O -) O -on O -various O -body O -functions O -were O -studied O -and O -the O -following O -conclusions O -were O -reached O -: O -it O -is O -a O -very O -potent O -sedative O -/ O -hypnotic O -even O -in O -small O -doses O -, O -it O -may O -cause O -depression O -of O -spontaneous O -breathing O -, O -it O -does O -not O -give O -rise O -to O -raised O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -or O -intra O -- O -ocular O -pressure O -, O -it O -does O -not O -adversely O -affect O -renal O -function O -, O -and O -it O -can O -be O -used O -quite O -safely O -in O -combination O -with O -fentanyl B-Chemical -or O -pentazocine B-Chemical -in O -anaesthetic O -practice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -topically O -applied O -hemoglobin O -, O -methemoglobin O -, O -hemin O -, O -ferrous O -chloride B-Chemical -( O -FeCl2 O -) O -and O -ferric O -chloride B-Chemical -( O -FeCl3 O -) O -were O -investigated O -by O -observation O -through O -the O -operating O -microscope O -to O -determine O -their O -effect O -on O -the O -normal O -and O -spastic O -canine O -basilar O -artery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -role O -of O -iron B-Chemical -( O -a O -component O -of O -hemoglobin O -) O -in O -vasospasm O -following O -subarachnoid O -hemorrhage O -and O -subsequent O -hemoglobin O -degradation O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decontamination O -effect O -of O -spraying O -hot O -beef O -carcases O -with O -solutions O -of O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -solutions O -of O -the O -commercial O -preparation O -of O -pH O -liquid O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -a O -0 O -. O -75 O -per O -cent O -solution O -of O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -caused O -a O -significant O -decrease O -of O -almost O -all O -bacterial O -counts O -, O -whereas O -a O -1 O -per O -cent O -lactic O -solution O -produced O -a O -significant O -reduction O -of O -all O -bacterial O -counts O -at O -the O -sites O -sampled O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -do O -occur O -when O -a O -10 O -per O -cent O -solution O -of O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -is O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -mechanism O -of O -paraquat O -action O -on O -microsomal O -oxygen B-Chemical -reduction O -and O -its O -relation O -to O -lipid O -peroxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -assay O -conditions O -for O -cholesterol B-Chemical -7 O -alpha O -- O -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -swine O -liver O -microsomes O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -various O -bile O -acids O -on O -cholesterol B-Chemical -7 O -alpha O -- O -hydroxylase O -in O -swine O -microsome O -and O -" O -solubilized O -" O -cholesterol B-Chemical -7 O -alpha O -- O -hydroxylase O -activity O -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -finding O -suggests O -that O -bile O -acids O -could O -interact O -with O -and O -regulate O -the O -rate O -- O -limiting O -enzyme O -for O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -formation O -in O -swine O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -twenty O -dogs O -, O -anticoagulated O -with O -heparin B-Chemical -300 O -units O -/ O -kg O -, O -the O -right O -cortical O -sensory O -evoked O -response O -( O -CSER O -) O -to O -contralateral O -median O -nerve O -stimulation O -was O -suppressed O -during O -60 O -min O -ischemia O -induced O -by O -periodic O -infusion O -of O -50 O -to O -100 O -microliter O -increments O -of O -air O -via O -the O -right O -internal O -carotid O -artery O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -. O -5 O -hours O -later O -, O -when O -the O -neurological O -deficit O -was O -fully O -developed O -, O -hemisphere O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -showed O -little O -change O -from O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -falls O -in O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -and O -5 O -- O -hydroxyindole O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -) O -were O -found O -on O -the O -operated O -side O -but O -there O -was O -also O -a O -trend O -for O -both O -5HT O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -to O -fall O -on O -the O -unoperated O -side O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Leishmania O -tropical O -promastigotes O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoelectric O -points O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -were O -found O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -and O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -was O -found O -to O -be O -regulated O -by O -product O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Withdrawal O -reactions O -after O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -treatment O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -studies O -showed O -that O -the O -method O -measured O -partial O -pressures O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -with O -good O -reproducibility O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -influence O -of O -ritodrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hcl I-Chemical -( O -prepar O -) O -, O -bunitrolol O -( O -stresson O -) O -and O -oxytocin B-Chemical -( O -syntocinon O -) O -on O -Uteroplacental O -perfusion O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -second O -group O -( O -207 O -patients O -) O -the O -treatment O -was O -carried O -out O -without O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -the O -patients O -received O -massive O -desintoxication O -in O -the O -form O -of O -drop O -infusions O -of O -solutions O -with O -the O -inclusion O -of O -tranquilizers O -as O -well O -( O -seduxen O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -of O -them O -are O -highly O -activated O -by O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -show O -a O -rather O -restricted O -substrate O -specificity O -, O -and O -marked O -activity O -against O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -this O -acidosis O -, O -a O -rising O -arterio O -- O -venous O -oxygen B-Chemical -difference O -was O -observed O -, O -with O -an O -unchanged O -total O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -non O -- O -carbonic O -acidosis O -on O -total O -splanchnic O -perfusion O -and O -cardiac O -output O -during O -anaesthesia O -with O -O2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N2O I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -halothane I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Anaesthesia O -was O -continued O -with O -O2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N2O I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -halothane I-Chemical -and O -artificial O -ventilation O -. O - -aps B-category -Portal O -pressure O -rises O -slightly O -during O -acidosis O -, O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -in O -the O -portal O -vein O -is O -high O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acid O -production O -in O -suspensions O -of O -dental O -plaque O -material O -from O -Lycasin O -, O -maltitol O -and O -sorbitol O -expressed O -as O -per O -cent O -of O -that O -from O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -approximately O -the O -same O -before O -and O -after O -the O -test O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -cerebral O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -and O -blood O -flow O -in O -the O -rat O -: O -measurements O -during O -normocapnia O -and O -hypercapnia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -blocker O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -2 O -mg O -per O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -neurochemical O -point O -of O -view O -, O -most O -investigators O -emphasize O -the O -importance O -of O -cerebral O -neurotransmitter O -substances O -such O -as O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -indolamines O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -bipolar O -depressive O -states O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -pituitary O -hormones O -are O -secreted O -under O -the O -control O -of O -brain O -monoamines B-Chemical -, O -and O -they O -are O -also O -implicated O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -depressive O -states O -. O - -aps B-category -GB O -94 O -) O -Leviron O -, O -a O -really O -different O -antidepressant B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -neither O -anticholinergic O -activity O -nor O -is O -it O -effective O -in O -the O -classical O -tests O -of O -antidepressant B-Chemical -activity O -based O -on O -amine B-Chemical -re O -- O -uptake O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Mianserin O -is O -less O -toxic O -on O -the O -cardiovascular O -system O -than O -the O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -and O -on O -chronic O -administration O -to O -rats O -and O -mice O -does O -not O -produce O -dependence O -or O -abstinence O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -indices O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -intake O -in O -a O -population O -of O -60 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -men O -in O -Uppsala O -, O -Sweden O -. O - -aps B-category -Attempts O -at O -demonstration O -of O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -in O -phase O -II O -Coxiella O -burnetii O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -extent O -of O -protection O -against O -formation O -of O -ascitic O -tumour O -in O -mice O -with O -comparable O -concentrations O -of O -phase O -I O -and O -phase O -II O -cells O -was O -similar O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -analysis O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -and O -antiviral O -protein O -messenger O -RNAs O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -RNA O -preparations O -from O -superinduced O -cells O -( O -cells O -treated O -with O -poly O -( O -I O -) O -. O -poly O -( O -C O -) O -and O -antimetabolites O -) O -and O -from O -cells O -treated O -with O -interferon B-Chemical -, O -messenger O -RNAs O -possesing O -interferon B-Chemical -and O -antiviral O -activities O -were O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -Osteoporosis O -due O -to O -steroids B-Chemical -is O -the O -single O -most O -important O -osseous O -complication O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -values O -are O -lower O -and O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -and O -plasma O -magnesium B-Chemical -levels O -are O -higher O -in O -group O -1 O -than O -in O -group O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -estradiol B-Chemical -in O -the O -follicular O -phase O -( O -76 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -. O -0 O -pg O -. O - -aps B-category -Coincident O -with O -these O -changes O -in O -LESP O -and O -increases O -in O -steroid B-Chemical -levels O -, O -acid O -reflux O -was O -detected O -in O -five O -women O -during O -the O -luteal O -phase O -but O -was O -present O -in O -only O -one O -during O -the O -follicular O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -purines O -or O -pyrimidines O -in O -plasma O -revealed O -the O -presence O -of O -xanthine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -31 O -muM O -) O -, O -hypoxanthine O -( O -0 O -. O -60 O -muM O -) O -, O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -05 O -muM O -) O -, O -as O -well O -as O -unknown O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -increase O -in O -the O -plasma O -secretin O -concentration O -coincided O -with O -a O -marked O -increase O -in O -pancreatic O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -output O -and O -frequent O -decreases O -in O -the O -mean O -proximal O -duodenal O -pH O -to O -less O -than O -4 O -. O -5 O -from O -the O -range O -of O -6 O -. O -5 O -in O -the O -fasting O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -the O -postprandial O -duodenal O -pH O -rarely O -reached O -below O -5 O -. O -0 O -after O -cimetidine B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -levels O -were O -significantly O -elevated O -in O -HCO O -suggesting O -enhanced O -sympathetic O -as O -well O -as O -adrenal O -catecholamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -14CO2 O -evolved O -by O -gastric O -mucosa O -incubated O -with O -[ O -14C O -] O -oxoglutarate O -, O -succinate O -, O -malate B-Chemical -, O -or O -citrate B-Chemical -was O -155 O -, O -92 O -, O -128 O -, O -and O -353 O -% O -, O -respectively O -, O -greater O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pancreas O -is O -also O -able O -to O -function O -as O -a O -storage O -depot O -for O -L O -- O -asparagine O -under O -conditions O -in O -which O -the O -concentration O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -blood O -is O -in O -excess O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -we O -investigated O -the O -contribution O -of O -circulating O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -, O -and O -other O -constrictor O -stimuli O -to O -hindquarters O -' O -vascular O -resistance O -by O -observing O -vasodilator O -responses O -to O -specific O -competitive O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -, O -papaverine B-Chemical -produced O -similar O -vasodilatation O -and O -similar O -final O -perfusion O -pressures O -in O -both O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -aim O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -the O -context O -of O -the O -treatment O -of O -depression O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Suicidal O -risk O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -outpatient O -schizophrenics O -with O -long O -- O -acting O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -vincamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -papaverine I-Chemical -association O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -plain O -negative O -correlation O -with O -the O -pH O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -, O -4615 O -, O -n O -= O -250 O -) O -and O -a O -very O -strong O -positive O -correlation O -with O -citrate B-Chemical -( O -r O -= O -+ O -0 O -, O -9029 O -, O -n O -= O -200 O -) O -turned O -out O -. O - -aps B-category -Airway O -sensitivity O -to O -slow O -- O -reacting O -substance O -of O -anaphylaxis O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -antigen O -in O -Ascaris O -sensitive O -monkeys O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -response O -was O -seen O -in O -all O -3 O -animals O -after O -instillation O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -but O -SRS O -- O -A O -at O -2 O -concentrations O -produced O -a O -predominant O -effect O -of O -decreased O -dynamic O -compliance O -with O -lesser O -alterations O -in O -pulmonary O -resistance O -. O - -aps B-category -Advances O -through O -basic O -research O -have O -elucidated O -the O -disturbances O -of O -neurotransmitter O -function O -in O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -Dopamine B-Chemical -has O -replaced O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -as O -the O -most O -studied O -neurotransmitter O -, O -with O -both O -conceptual O -and O -practical O -developments O -, O -exemplified O -by O -the O -hypothesis O -of O -cyclic B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -as O -a O -" O -second O -messenger O -, O -" O -and O -new O -therapeutic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Developing O -knowledge O -on O -synaptic O -physiology O -and O -pharmacology O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -better O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cases O -of O -false O -pollen O -allergy O -the O -proportion O -of O -negative O -skin O -reactions O -would O -appear O -to O -worsen O -with O -the O -repeated O -use O -of O -prolonged O -action O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -injections O -, O -given O -on O -a O -preventive O -basis O -. O - -aps B-category -Non O -specific O -therapy O -( O -antihistamines O -, O -cromoglycate O -, O -theophylline B-Chemical -, O -etc O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -can O -be O -explained O -with O -reference O -to O -existence O -of O -two O -chloride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cell I-Chemical -types O -. O - -aps B-category -Prior O -to O -the O -ischemic O -episode O -, O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -( O -30 O -to O -45 O -mg O -per O -kilogram O -of O -body O -weight O -) O -was O -administered O -to O -19 O -of O -these O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -blood O -flow O -, O -cerebral O -metabolic O -rate O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -and O -various O -cerebral O -metabolites O -were O -measured O -in O -dogs O -surviving O -48 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -the O -content O -of O -various O -amounts O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -chlorides O -, O -disubstituted O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -yeast O -extract O -, O -peptone O -, O -agar O -- O -agar O -and O -the O -value O -of O -pH O -in O -the O -medium O -had O -a O -significant O -effect O -on O -the O -size O -of O -the O -inhibition O -growth O -zones O -of O -the O -test O -- O -culture O -, O -clearance O -of O -their O -margin O -and O -the O -angle O -of O -the O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -suppression O -by O -levorin O -of O -the O -leucine B-Chemical -transport O -into O -the O -cells O -of O -C O -. O -albicans O -was O -due O -to O -replacement O -of O -intracellular O -K O -+ O -by O -Na O -+ O -induced O -by O -the O -antibiotic O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -levorin O -effect O -on O -the O -protone O -escape O -from O -the O -cells O -was O -negligible O -and O -probably O -played O -no O -significant O -role O -in O -the O -mechanism O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -suppression O -by O -the O -antibiotic O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -endopeptidase O -was O -purified O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -precipitation O -, O -gel O -filtration O -and O -affinity O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -endopeptidase O -hydrolysed O -several O -peptide O -bonds O -in O -the O -oxidized O -B O -- O -chain O -of O -insulin O -, O -particularly O -those O -involving O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -of O -hydrophobic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -with O -bulky O -side O -chains O -. O - -aps B-category -Cation O -/ O -proton O -antiport O -systems O -in O -escherichia O -coli O -: O -properties O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -/ O -proton O -antiporter O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -of O -two O -different O -molecular O -weight O -polypeptides O -copurifying O -with O -rat O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidation O -of O -fatty O -alcohol B-Chemical -in O -the O -cotyledons O -of O -jojoba O -seedlings O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -bovine O -liver O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -by O -analytical O -affinity O -chromatography O -on O -immobilized O -AMP O -analogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Parameters O -sequentially O -measured O -and O -calculated O -included O -: O -1 O -) O -serum O -and O -urine O -electrolyte O -concentrations O -, O -2 O -) O -serum O -and O -urine O -osmolalities O -, O -3 O -) O -arterial O -blood O -gases O -, O -4 O -) O -total O -and O -fractional O -serum O -proteins O -, O -5 O -) O -blood B-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -, O -complete O -blood O -count O -and O -blood O -sugar O -concentration O -, O -6 O -) O -changes O -in O -body O -weight O -, O -7 O -) O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -water O -balance O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -explained O -by O -the O -fact O -that O -the O -HLS O -group O -, O -at O -48 O -hours O -postburn O -, O -retained O -significantly O -less O -of O -the O -administered O -sodium B-Chemical -load O -( O -69 O -% O -vs O -. O -83 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -on O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -induced O -acute O -gastric O -mucosal O -ulcerogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -period O -1 O -, O -mucosae O -were O -exposed O -to O -TS O -alone O -; O -during O -period O -2 O -, O -either O -to O -TS O -containing O -1 O -mM O -sodium B-Chemical -taurocholate O -( O -TC O -) O -or O -to O -TS O -and O -concomitant O -vasopressin B-Chemical -infusion O -( O -VP O -) O -; O -and O -during O -period O -3 O -, O -to O -TS O -+ O -TC O -+ O -VP O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -30 O -minutes O -, O -their O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tensions O -had O -returned O -to O -the O -pre O -- O -IPPB O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Over O -this O -range O -there O -were O -no O -considerable O -changes O -in O -transhepatic O -blood O -flow O -, O -but O -there O -were O -considerable O -changes O -in O -hepatic O -metabolism O -as O -shown O -by O -measurements O -of O -the O -hepatic O -parenchymal O -pH O -, O -transhepatic O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -, O -and O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -technique O -has O -been O -developed O -and O -described O -for O -the O -examination O -of O -the O -interface O -between O -dissimilar O -metals O -, O -utilizing O -electrolytic O -etching O -and O -gold B-Chemical -electro O -- O -deposition O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -grain O -boundaries O -at O -the O -surface O -of O -the O -stainless O -steel O -interface O -were O -accentuated O -by O -the O -chemical O -action O -of O -the O -flux O -during O -the O -joining O -procedure O -and O -the O -notched O -grain O -boundaries O -influenced O -the O -nucleation O -of O -the O -silver B-Chemical -solder O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -additional O -1 O -dB O -of O -noise O -was O -contributed O -to O -the O -system O -when O -air O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -were O -turned O -on O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -detailed O -investigation O -of O -the O -properties O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -which O -the O -' O -Essential O -' O -cysteine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -165 I-Chemical -is O -modified O -by O -thioalkylation O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -reduction O -, O -both O -the O -thiomethylation O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -165 I-Chemical -and O -any O -changes O -in O -kinetic O -properties O -of O -the O -enzyme O -were O -completely O -reversed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nicotinamide O -nucleotide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -capacity O -was O -unaffected O -, O -as O -judged O -by O -the O -formation O -of O -fluorescent O -complexes O -with O -NADH O -. O - -aps B-category -Thiomethylated O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -able O -to O -form O -an O -abortive O -adduct O -between O -NAD O -+ O -and O -fluoropyruvate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alteration O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -catalytic O -properties O -on O -modification O -depended O -on O -the O -bulk O -of O -the O -reagent O -used O -, O -since O -thioethylation O -resulted O -in O -an O -increase O -in O -Km O -for O -pyruvate B-Chemical -( O -13 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -5 O -mm O -) O -and O -an O -85 O -% O -decrease O -in O -maximum O -catalytic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -and O -pH O -on O -bovine O -prothrombin O -fragment O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -roles O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -carboxylase O -and O -N10 O -- O -formyltetrahydrofolate O -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -effect O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -, O -ethionine O -or O -their O -S O -- O -adenosyl O -derivatives O -could O -be O -demonstrated O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Formiminoglutamate O -, O -a O -product O -of O -liver O -histidine O -metabolism O -which O -accumulates O -in O -conditions O -of O -excess O -histidine O -load O -, O -is O -a O -potent O -inhibitor O -of O -rat O -liver O -pyruvate B-Chemical -carboxylase O -, O -with O -50 O -% O -inhibition O -being O -observed O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -2 O -. O -8 O -mM O -, O -but O -has O -no O -detectable O -effect O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -rat O -liver O -cytosol O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -carboxykinase O -measured O -in O -the O -direction O -of O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -a O -group O -of O -membrane O -or O -organelle O -- O -associated O -proteins O -that O -are O -insoluble O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -buffered I-Chemical -saline O -and O -water O -but O -soluble O -in O -1 O -% O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -exhibit O -a O -correlation O -between O -size O -and O -half O -- O -life O -, O -but O -not O -between O -net O -charge O -and O -half O -- O -life O -. O - -aps B-category -Biliverdin O -was O -extracted O -with O -diethyl O -ether B-Chemical -/ O -ethanol B-Chemical -mixture O -, O -and O -was O -determined O -by O -the O -difference O -between O -A690 O -and O -A800 O -. O - -aps B-category -values O -were O -obtained O -for O -both O -the O -NADH O -- O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -haem O -oxygenase O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitoin O -of O -the O -NADH O -- O -dependent O -reaction O -by O -the O -antibody O -against O -rat O -liver O -microsomal O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -was O -essentially O -complete O -, O -with O -a O -pattern O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -polyamines O -of O -lipid O -peroxide B-Chemical -formation O -in O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -and O -characterization O -of O -two O -forms O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetsae O -from O -soybean O -hypocotyl O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -6 O -- O -azauracil O -, O -and O -of O -certain O -structurally O -similar O -compounds O -, O -on O -three O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -requiring O -enzymes O -involved O -in O -neurotransmitter O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulatory O -and O -inhibitory O -effects O -of O -manganous O -and O -ferrous O -ions O -on O -epinephrine B-Chemical -oxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -on O -catecholamine B-Chemical -levels O -and O -catecholamine B-Chemical -synthetic O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Localization O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -in O -subcellular O -fractions O -of O -rat O -and O -rabbit O -liver O -: O -effect O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Tolerance O -to O -barbiturate B-Chemical -and O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -central O -nervous O -system O -sedation O -- O -- O -involvement O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -stimulus O -- O -secretion O -coupling O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biochemical O -features O -of O -two O -families O -with O -purine B-Chemical -nucleoside B-Chemical -phosphorylase O -deficiency O -are O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Specific O -binding O -of O -perazine O -, O -a O -piperazine B-Chemical -side O -- O -chain O -phenothiazine O -drug O -, O -to O -a O -serum O -protein O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -ten O -angina O -patients O -responding O -with O -a O -myocardial O -anaerobic O -metabolic O -pattern O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -infusion O -, O -a O -new O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agent O -, O -bunitrolol O -, O -was O -effective O -in O -normalizing O -the O -myocardial O -lactate B-Chemical -extraction O -ratio O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Treatment O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -tremor O -with O -the O -beta O -- O -blocker O -bupranolol O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bioavailability O -of O -the O -gastric O -secretory O -inhibitor O -3 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -8 O -- O -( O -p O -- O -phenylphenacyl O -) O -- O -1 O -alphaH O -, O -5 O -alphaH O -- O -tropanium O -bromide B-Chemical -( O -- O -) O -- O -tropate O -( O -ketoscilium O -, O -Ulcesium O -) O -is O -not O -affected O -by O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -an O -aluminum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -magnesium I-Chemical -antacid O -although O -binding O -occurs O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Equilibrium O -dialysis O -measurements O -were O -carried O -out O -to O -study O -the O -binding O -of O -1 O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -arabinofuranosyl O -cytosine B-Chemical -( O -ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -) O -to O -human O -and O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -( O -HSA O -, O -BSA O -) O -and O -to O -chemically O -modified O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relatively O -small O -value O -of O -affinity O -constant O -indicates O -that O -the O -pharmacological O -properties O -of O -ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -might O -not O -be O -influenced O -very O -strongly O -by O -the O -HSA O -interaction O -or O -by O -competitive O -binding O -of O -other O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -fate O -of O -a O -new O -beta2 O -- O -adrenergic O -stimulant O -procaterol B-Chemical -( O -OPC O -- O -2009 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -240 O -mg O -theophylline B-Chemical -ethylenediamine O -( O -3 O -. O -32 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -produce O -a O -nearly O -parallel O -upward O -- O -shift O -of O -the O -respiratory O -response O -curve O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -the O -respiratory O -minute O -volume O -increases O -independently O -by O -a O -deepening O -of O -the O -respiration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -respiratory O -stimulatory O -effect O -of O -3 O -' O -chloro O -- O -2 O -' O -- O -( O -N O -- O -methyl O -- O -N O -- O -[ O -( O -morpholino O -- O -carbonyl O -) O -methyl O -] O -- O -aminomethyl O -) O -benzanilide O -hydrochloride O -( O -fominoben O -, O -Noleptan O -, O -PB O -89 O -) O -on O -the O -respiratory O -- O -depressing O -effect O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -/ O -promethazine B-Chemical -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -was O -to O -be O -expected O -the O -combination O -pethidine B-Chemical -/ O -promethazine B-Chemical -caused O -a O -deterioration O -in O -all O -parameters O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -actions O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -lorazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -sedative O -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -10 O -mg O -is O -equivalent O -to O -lorazepam B-Chemical -2 O -- O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -. O -Diazepam B-Chemical -is O -better O -absorbed O -after O -oral O -than O -after O -i O -. O -m O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -effect O -and O -amnesia O -begin O -more O -rapidly O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -but O -last O -longer O -following O -lorazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -Sympathomimetic O -amine B-Chemical -infusion O -after O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -and O -parasympathetic O -blockade O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -double O -this O -dose O -- O -- O -namely O -4 O -g O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -, O -was O -palatable O -in O -the O -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanism O -of O -thiol B-Chemical -protease O -catalysis O -: O -detection O -and O -stabilization O -of O -a O -tetrahedral O -intermediate O -in O -papain O -catalysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enhancement O -of O -the O -35Cl O -- O -transverse O -relaxation O -rate O -on O -binding O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -ions O -to O -oxidized O -and O -reduced O -cytochrome O -c O -has O -been O -studied O -under O -conditions O -of O -variable O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -concentration O -, O -temperature O -, O -pH O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -iron B-Chemical -hexacyanide O -, O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -cyanide O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyanide O -binding O -to O -the O -iron B-Chemical -in O -ferricytochrome O -c O -at O -alkaline O -and O -neutral O -pH O -was O -shown O -to O -decrease O -the O -binding O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Methotrexate B-Chemical -, O -a O -high O -- O -affinity O -pseudosubstrate O -of O -dihydrofolate O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -Ki O -value O -for O -the O -dissociation O -of O -methotrexate B-Chemical -from O -the O -E B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NADPH I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methotrexate I-Chemical -complex O -( O -23 O -nM O -) O -and O -values O -of O -5 O -. O -1 O -and O -0 O -. O -013 O -min O -- O -1 O -for O -the O -forward O -and O -reverse O -rate O -constants O -of O -the O -isomerization O -reaction O -, O -the O -overall O -inhibition O -constant O -for O -methotrexate B-Chemical -was O -calculated O -to O -be O -58 O -pM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -same O -technique O -was O -used O -to O -determine O -dissociation O -constants O -for O -the O -reaction O -of O -methotrexate B-Chemical -with O -the O -E O -- O -NADP O -and O -E B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NADPH I-Chemical -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -proposed O -that O -methotrexate B-Chemical -behaves O -as O -a O -pseudosubstrate O -for O -dihydrofolate O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -and O -mechanism O -of O -the O -reduction O -of O -horse O -heart O -ferricytochrome O -c O -by O -glutathione B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rapid O -combination O -of O -the O -reducing O -agent O -with O -the O -cytochrome O -leads O -to O -the O -formation O -of O -a O -glutathione B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -intermediate O -in O -which O -the O -glutathione B-Chemical -most O -likely O -interacts O -with O -the O -edge O -of O -the O -heme O -moiety O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -is O -catalyzed O -by O -trisulfides O -, O -and O -second O -- O -order O -rate O -constants O -of O -4 O -. O -55 O -X O -10 O -( O -3 O -) O -and O -7 O -. O -14 O -X O -10 O -( O -3 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -S O -- O -1 O -were O -obtained O -for O -methyl O -trisulfide O -and O -cysteine B-Chemical -trisulfide O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -isoelectric O -points O -of O -unbroken O -chloroplast O -lamellae O -and O -various O -subchloroplast O -fractions O -, O -including O -a O -preparation O -of O -inside O -- O -out O -thylakoids O -, O -have O -been O -determined O -using O -aqueous O -two O -- O -phase O -systems O -containing O -dextran B-Chemical -and O -charged O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -For O -thylakoid O -membranes O -destacked O -under O -low O -salt B-Chemical -conditions O -the O -cross O -- O -point O -was O -0 O -. O -3 O -pH O -unit O -lower O -than O -for O -membranes O -originating O -exclusively O -from O -the O -stroma O -lamellae O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -2 O -) O -Endogenous O -cofactors O -( O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -regenerating I-Chemical -system O -) O -are O -still O -available O -in O -the O -rod O -cytosol O -and O -consequently O -retinol O -is O -the O -final O -photoproduct O -of O -photolysis O -of O -rhodopsin O -. O - -aps B-category -Rather O -, O -the O -rate O -of O -D O -- O -gluconate O -uptake O -metabolism O -: O -( O -a O -) O -treatment O -of O -cells O -with O -valinomycin O -or O -nigericin O -, O -under O -conditions O -in O -which O -there O -was O -a O -loss O -of O -intracellular O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -inhibited O -both O -D O -- O -gluconate O -uptake O -and O -the O -metabolism O -of O -pre O -- O -accumulated O -D O -- O -gluconate O -; O -( O -b O -) O -the O -effects O -of O -cyanide O -and O -azide O -on O -D O -- O -gluconate O -uptake O -were O -much O -more O -severe O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -than O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -, O -a O -pattern O -which O -paralleled O -the O -effects O -of O -these O -inhibitors O -on O -D O -- O -gluconate O -metabolism O -; O -( O -c O -) O -extraction O -and O -chromatography O -of O -intracellular O -label O -from O -D O -- O -gluconate O -uptake O -revealed O -that O -accumulation O -of O -unaltered O -D O -- O -gluconate O -was O -negligible O -; O -( O -d O -) O -a O -series O -of O -mutant O -strains O -with O -lower O -D O -- O -gluconate O -kinase O -activities O -also O -exhibited O -low O -rates O -of O -D O -- O -gluconate O -uptake O -; O -( O -e O -) O -spontaneous O -revertants O -of O -these O -mutant O -strains O -consistently O -regained O -both O -D O -- O -gluconate O -kinase O -activity O -and O -wild O -type O -levels O -of O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -was O -accumulated O -into O -the O -vesicle O -when O -a O -Na O -+ O -gradient O -across O -the O -membrane O -was O -imposed O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -was O -also O -accumulated O -when O -pH O -gradient O -( O -interior O -alkaline O -) O -across O -the O -membrane O -was O -imposed O -or O -a O -membrane O -potential O -was O -induced O -with O -K O -+ O -- O -diffusion O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -two O -kinds O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -transport O -system O -were O -present O -in O -H O -protein O -: O -one O -is O -Na O -+ O -dependent O -and O -the O -other O -is O -H O -+ O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -Urate B-Chemical -transport O -in O -human O -erythrocytes O -were O -measured O -and O -compared O -to O -previous O -observations O -by O -other O -authors O -regarding O -inorganic O -anions O -, O -especially O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -pH O -and O -of O -several O -passive O -anion O -transport O -inhibitors O -such O -as O -dinitrofluorobenzene O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -salicylate I-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -benzoate O -and O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -suggest O -that O -urate B-Chemical -and O -chloride B-Chemical -are O -transported O -by O -different O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -large O -drop O -in O -urate B-Chemical -influxes O -into O -erythrocytes O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -glycolysis O -inhibitor O -and O -of O -a O -passive O -ion O -transport O -inhibitor O -seems O -to O -argue O -in O -favour O -of O -a O -dual O -urate B-Chemical -transport O -mechanism O -, O -one O -for O -passive O -diffusion O -and O -the O -other O -connected O -with O -glycolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Unmasking O -of O -a O -potassium B-Chemical -leak O -in O -resealed O -human O -red O -blood O -cell O -ghosts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potassium B-Chemical -leak O -has O -the O -additional O -property O -that O -it O -can O -be O -suppressed O -after O -resealing O -by O -washing O -the O -ghost O -membranes O -in O -a O -medium O -containing O -a O -low O -concentration O -of O -ATP O -or O -EDTA O -. O - -aps B-category -Clustering O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -phospholipid O -bilayers O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -long O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -are O -not O -fully O -ionized O -at O -neutral O -pH O -and O -appear O -to O -be O -clustered O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -Suppression O -of O -the O -accumulation O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inducible I-Chemical -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -mRNA O -on O -embryonic O -chick O -retinal O -polysomes O -by O -interferon B-Chemical -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -newly O -synthesized O -enzyme O -was O -isolated O -by O -immunoprecipitation O -with O -anti O -- O -enzyme O -gamma O -- O -globulin O -and O -identified O -using O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparing O -the O -amount O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -synthesized O -in O -vitro O -by O -equal O -amounts O -of O -mRNA O -fraction O -from O -retinas O -treated O -with O -or O -without O -interferon B-Chemical -indicated O -that O -the O -suppression O -was O -associated O -with O -reduced O -level O -of O -the O -enzyme O -mRNA O -on O -polysomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Glycerol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -sn B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycerol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -: O -NAD O -+ O -2 O -- O -oxido O -- O -reductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -8 O -) O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -sensitive O -to O -inhibition O -by O -iodoacetate O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -there O -are O -two O -cysteine B-Chemical -residues O -in O -the O -native O -dimeric O -enzyme O -which O -are O -essential O -for O -enzymic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -a O -single O -chain O -polypeptide O -of O -molecular O -weight O -40 O -000 O -, O -pH O -optimum O -5 O -. O -0 O -K O -( O -app O -) O -( O -xylose O -) O -4 O -mM O -; O -K O -( O -app O -) O -( O -NADPH B-Chemical -) O -3 O -microM O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -affecting O -coenzyme O -binding O -and O -subunit O -interactions O -in O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Uricase O -( O -urate B-Chemical -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -7 O -. O -3 O -. O -3 O -) O -exposes O -a O -positional O -and O -steric O -specificity O -in O -the O -enzymic O -conversion O -of O -urate B-Chemical -to O -allantoin O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -the O -consecutive O -oxidation O -and O -hydrolysis O -reactions O -a O -levorotatory O -intermediate O -was O -formed O -, O -presumably O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbohydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ureido I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -imidazoline I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chlorination O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -by O -the O -myeloperoxidase B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -H2O2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Cl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -system O -at O -acidic O -pH O -values O -yielded O -N O -- O -monochloroglycine O -and O -a O -mixture O -of O -HCN O -and O -ClCN O -. O - -aps B-category -HCN O -was O -readily O -chlorinated O -by O -the O -myeloperoxidase O -- O -H2O2Cl O -- O -system O -yielding O -cyanogen O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -consists O -of O -two O -types O -of O -subunits O -and O -is O -an O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfur I-Chemical -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -phosphorulase O -I O -by O -AMP O -was O -accompanied O -by O -changes O -in O -the O -affinity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -increasing O -AMP O -concentrations O -, O -and O -of O -AMP O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -increasing O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Double O -- O -reciprocal O -plots O -were O -linear O -at O -high O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -absence O -or O -presence O -of O -modifiers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -is O -specific O -for O -glycolate O -and O -inhibits O -no O -activity O -towards O -glycine B-Chemical -or O -glyoxylate O -. O - -aps B-category -Functional O -aspects O -of O -the O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutative O -action O -of O -Cu B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -order O -rate O -constand O -of O -the O -reaction O -wpith O -superoxide B-Chemical -was O -0 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -o O -. O -2 O -. O -10 O -( O -9 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -. O -s O -- O -1 O -, O -comparable O -to O -the O -action O -of O -Fe O -and O -Mn B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -superoxide I-Chemical -dismutases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cyanide O -resistant O -reactivity O -as O -well O -as O -further O -X O -- O -ray O -photoelectron O -spectrometric O -measurements O -supported O -the O -suggestion O -of O -a O -Cu O -( O -I O -) O -stabilized O -sulphur O -radical O -being O -the O -active O -species O -involved O -in O -the O -catalysis O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -N O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -is O -blocked O -by O -an O -acetyl O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -were O -similar O -and O -were O -determined O -to O -be O -50 O -200 O -by O -sedimentation O -equilibrium O -methods O -, O -polyacrylamide O -gradient O -gel O -electrophoresis O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulphate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydrolysis O -of O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -- O -alpha O -- O -galactoside O -by O -alpha O -- O -galactosidase O -was O -inhibited O -by O -commercial O -preparations O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -taurocholate O -and O -by O -taurocholate O -purified O -from O -these O -preparations O -by O -thin O -- O -layer O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -liberated O -C O -- O -terminal O -peptide O -had O -the O -following O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -: O -H O -- O -Glu O -- O -Glu O -- O -Val O -- O -Ile O -- O -Lys O -- O -Asn O -- O -OH O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -capacity O -of O -the O -hepatoma O -to O -biosynthesize O -polyunsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -is O -greatly O -reduced O -and O -this O -is O -consistent O -with O -the O -decreased O -polyene O -content O -observed O -in O -many O -neoplasms O -. O - -aps B-category -Superoxide B-Chemical -radicals O -in O -high O -concentrations O -were O -generated O -from O -alkaline O -H2O2 B-Chemical -without O -using O -catalysts O -or O -irradiation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -to O -alkaline O -H2O2 B-Chemical -led O -initially O -to O -a O -drop O -in O -the O -EPR O -spectrum O -intensity O -, O -followed O -by O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -radicals O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -adenylate O -cyclase O -by O -guanine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -and O -catecholamines B-Chemical -was O -examined O -in O -plasma O -membranes O -prepared O -from O -rabbit O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -activation O -was O -antagonized O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -the O -beta2 O -antagonist O -butoxamine O -; O -the O -beta1 O -antagonist O -practolol O -was O -inactive O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vitro O -regulation O -of O -the O -mitochondrial O -conversion O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -to O -pregnenolone O -in O -rat O -testis O -tissue O -has O -been O -further O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulation O -was O -always O -highest O -in O -mitochondria O -isolated O -from O -lutropin O -- O -treated O -testes O -relative O -to O -control O -and O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -treated O -testes O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -both O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -20 O -- O -or O -25 O -- O -hydroxycholesterol O -were O -present O -in O -the O -incubation O -medium O -, O -pregnenolone O -production O -rates O -were O -mainly O -influenced O -by O -the O -hydroxycholesterol O -, O -even O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -ten O -- O -fold O -excess O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -induction O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -permeability O -for O -mitochondrial O -membranes O -under O -special O -conditions O -was O -under O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -it O -was O -shown O -that O -plastocyanin O -of O -corn O -, O -in O -comparison O -with O -the O -pea O -protein O -, O -possesses O -greater O -thermal O -stability O -, O -is O -more O -resistant O -to O -the O -action O -of O -high O -and O -low O -H O -+ O -ion O -concentrations O -, O -as O -well O -as O -to O -the O -action O -of O -concentrated O -solutions O -of O -urea B-Chemical -and O -guanidine O -nitrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -O2 O -- O -- O -production O -by O -neutrophils O -activated O -with O -opsonized O -zymosan O -fell O -slowly O -as O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -concentration O -declined O -to O -1 O -% O -, O -then O -dropped O -more O -sharply O -, O -reaching O -negligible O -levels O -at O -oxygen B-Chemical -concentrations O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -25 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -O2 O -- O -production O -by O -the O -cell O -- O -free O -O2 O -- O -- O -forming O -system O -prepared O -from O -zymosan O -- O -activated O -neutrophils O -showed O -a O -similar O -dependence O -on O -oxygen B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -phosphorus B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -31 I-Chemical -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -investigation O -of O -intracellular O -environment O -in O -human O -normal O -and O -sickle O -cell O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -31P O -chemical O -shifts O -of O -phosphorylated O -compounds O -, O -such O -as O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -, O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosp O -- O -ate O -, O -and O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -depend O -on O -pH O -, O -and O -by O -using O -an O -appropriate O -calibration O -curve O -, O -the O -intracellular O -pH O -of O -intact O -erythrocytes O -can O -be O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -Purified O -Hb O -Crete O -was O -heat O -- O -unstable O -and O -exhibited O -a O -high O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -, O -and O -a O -normal O -Bohr O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -on O -the O -electrical O -- O -field O -stimulation O -- O -evoked O -overflow O -of O -tritium O -from O -isolated O -rabbit O -pulmonary O -arteries O -preincubated O -with O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -noradrenaline I-Chemical -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Clonidine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -to O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -) O -diminished O -the O -stimulation O -- O -evoked O -overflow O -of O -tritium O -. O - -aps B-category -Clonidine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -prevented O -the O -enhancement O -of O -tritium O -overflow O -evoked O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Enhancement O -of O -the O -overflow O -by O -phentolamine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -and O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -was O -not O -altered O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -atropine B-Chemical -in O -a O -low O -concentration O -blocks O -presynaptic O -inhibitory O -muscarinic O -receptors O -; O -at O -higher O -concentrations O -it O -blocks O -in O -addition O -presynaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Rate O -of O -demethylation O -of O -methylmercuric O -chloride B-Chemical -by O -Enterobacter O -aerogenes O -and O -Serratia O -marcescens O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -one O -patients O -studied O -before O -and O -after O -treatment O -with O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -showed O -no O -significant O -change O -in O -platelet O -MAO O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -utilized O -such O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -lesions O -to O -evaluate O -the O -disposition O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transmitter O -candidates O -in O -different O -neuronal O -populations O -of O -the O -cerebellum O -. O - -aps B-category -Synaptosomal O -accumulation O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -- B-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -is O -reduced O -25 O -- O -30 O -% O -following O -such O -lesions O -while O -no O -decline O -in O -uptake O -of O -numerous O -other O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -is O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -are O -consistent O -with O -the O -possibility O -that O -glutamate B-Chemical -is O -the O -transmitter O -of O -granule O -cells O -and O -that O -GABA B-Chemical -is O -the O -transmitter O -of O -the O -other O -cell O -types O -in O -the O -cerebellum O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -3H O -] O -Spiperone O -binding O -sites O -and O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -were O -measured O -in O -rat O -substantia O -nigra O -( O -s O -. O -nigra O -) O -7 O -or O -14 O -days O -after O -various O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -- O -Hydroxydopamine O -injection O -into O -the O -s O -. O -nigra O -, O -which O -depleted O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -within O -the O -s O -. O -nigra O -by O -85 O -% O -, O -while O -leaving O -phosphodiesterase O -unaffected O -, O -resulted O -in O -a O -40 O -% O -decrease O -in O -[ O -3H O -] O -spiperone B-Chemical -binding O -but O -no O -change O -in O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -within O -the O -s O -. O -nigra O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -binding O -sites O -as O -defined O -using O -[ O -3H O -] O -spiperone B-Chemical -are O -located O -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -neurones O -while O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -is O -located O -presynaptically O -on O -striatonigral O -nerve O -terminals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phenomenon O -of O -neurotransmitter O -- O -stimulated O -incorporation O -of O -32Pi O -into O -phosphatidic O -acid O -and O -inositol B-Chemical -phosphatides O -( O -neurotransmitter O -effect O -) O -in O -developing O -brain O -was O -studied O -in O -vitro O -as O -a O -possible O -measure O -of O -synaptogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -with O -developing O -rat O -brain O -at O -7 O -, O -14 O -and O -21 O -days O -of O -age O -showed O -that O -the O -neurotransmitter O -effects O -due O -to O -ACh O -, O -NE O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -increase O -progressively O -in O -different O -regions O -of O -the O -brain O -but O -that O -there O -are O -marked O -regional O -differences O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cerebellum O -the O -effects O -due O -to O -ACh O -and O -NE O -were O -significantly O -altered O -, O -while O -that O -with O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -was O -unaffected O -. O - -aps B-category -Transection O -of O -the O -pathway O -acutely O -elevates O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -adult O -and O -8 O -- O -and O -10 O -- O -day O -- O -old O -rats O -, O -but O -not O -in O -the O -4 O -- O -or O -6 O -- O -day O -- O -old O -animal O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -this O -response O -to O -axotomy O -acts O -as O -an O -indicator O -of O -( O -1 O -) O -the O -presence O -of O -impulse O -traffic O -in O -the O -pathway O -, O -and O -( O -2 O -) O -the O -ability O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -to O -be O -activated O -in O -response O -to O -a O -reduction O -in O -such O -impulse O -traffic O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -conclusion O -is O -supported O -by O -the O -finding O -that O -the O -AMT O -- O -induced O -depletion O -of O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -is O -not O -related O -to O -impulse O -conduction O -at O -4 O -days O -since O -transection O -of O -the O -pathway O -has O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -rate O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -loss O -whereas O -such O -transection O -blocks O -the O -AMT O -- O -induced O -depletion O -at O -10 O -days O -of O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -Study O -on O -the O -influence O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -deprotonation O -on O -the O -myotropic O -action O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Sar1 O -, O -Tyr4 O -] O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -and O -[ O -Sar1 O -, O -( O -4 O -' O -- B-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -) O -Phe4 O -] O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -( O -as O -a O -reference O -which O -cannot O -undergo O -the O -same O -ionization O -) O -were O -tested O -over O -a O -pH O -range O -from O -6 O -. O -8 O -to O -9 O -. O -0 O -and O -their O -activities O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -Erythrocyte O -ghost O -- O -- O -buffer O -partition O -coefficients O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -, O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -, O -and O -thiopental B-Chemical -support O -the O -pH O -- O -partition O -hypothesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Methylmalonic O -acidemia O -: O -6 O -years O -' O -clinical O -experience O -with O -two O -variants O -unresponsive O -to O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -function O -returned O -to O -normal O -, O -as O -indicated O -by O -a O -marked O -increase O -in O -the O -renal O -clearance O -of O -creatinine B-Chemical -and O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O -Patient O -1 O -is O -physically O -and O -mentally O -retarded O -, O -and O -has O -moderate O -hypotonia O -, O -hepatomegaly O -and O -persistent O -vomiting O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymes O -studied O -were O -gamma O -glutamyltransferase O -( O -gammaGT O -) O -, O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -( O -AP O -) O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -LDH O -) O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -nucleotidase O -( O -5 O -' O -- O -NT O -) O -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -( O -GR O -) O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -transaminases O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Hepatoma O -Tissue O -Culture O -( O -HTC O -) O -cells O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -TAT O -) O -by O -dibutyryl O -cAMP B-Chemical -( O -DBcAMP O -) O -is O -regulated O -at O -some O -posttranscriptional O -step O -. O - -aps B-category -Relationship O -between O -renal O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -and O -renal O -sodium B-Chemical -handling O -during O -water O -immersion O -in O -normal O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chronic O -administration O -of O -high O -doses O -of O -guanethidine B-Chemical -to O -rats O -produces O -complete O -destruction O -of O -the O -peripheral O -sympathetic O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -strains O -of O -rats O -( O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -, O -American O -Wistar O -, O -Kyoto O -Wistar O -) O -were O -uniformly O -sensitive O -to O -guanethidine B-Chemical -sympathectomy O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -to O -the O -guanethidine B-Chemical -treatment O -of O -low O -doses O -of O -antibody O -to O -nerve O -growth O -factor O -( O -NGF O -) O -, O -which O -itself O -produced O -only O -a O -modest O -sympathectomy O -, O -resulted O -in O -an O -almost O -complete O -sympathectomy O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -show O -that O -the O -sympathetic O -neurons O -of O -SHR O -differ O -from O -those O -of O -other O -strains O -with O -respect O -to O -sensitivity O -to O -guanethidine B-Chemical -cytotoxicity O -and O -suggest O -the O -possibility O -of O -a O -role O -for O -NGF O -in O -that O -altered O -responsiveness O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -were O -conducted O -to O -determine O -the O -effect O -of O -temperature O -and O -wavelength O -on O -the O -absorbance O -of O -alkaline O -solutions O -of O -picric O -acid O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -absence O -of O -creatinine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -assay O -is O -based O -on O -the O -reduction O -of O -ferric O -chloride B-Chemical -by O -ascorbic O -acid O -with O -the O -resulting O -ferrous O -ion O -quantitated O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -2 O -, O -4 O -, O -6 O -- O -tripyridyl O -- O -s O -- O -triazine O -to O -form O -a O -purple O -colour O -with O -a O -maximum O -absorbance O -at O -595 O -nm O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -fluorimetric O -assay O -for O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -I I-Chemical -converting O -enzyme O -in O -human O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -value O -of O -serum O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -I I-Chemical -converting O -enzyme O -for O -16 O -normal O -adult O -persons O -was O -2 O -. O -56 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -10 O -( O -S O -. O -E O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -KM O -values O -for O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzoyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -ethyl O -ester O -and O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -hydrolysis O -of O -this O -preparation O -were O -1 O -. O -10 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -and O -3 O -. O -6 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -, O -respectively O -; O -pH O -optimum O -of O -hydrolysis O -of O -these O -esters O -were O -found O -to O -be O -8 O -. O -2 O -and O -8 O -. O -5 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -using O -discriminant O -analysis O -, O -based O -on O -bone O -and O -liver O -isoenzymes O -of O -serum O -alaline O -phosphatase O -and O -urinary O -hydroxyproline B-Chemical -excretion O -, O -87 O -% O -, O -60 O -% O -and O -97 O -% O -of O -the O -classification O -of O -patients O -with O -active O -and O -inactive O -acromegaly O -and O -healthy O -adults O -, O -respectively O -, O -was O -correct O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -trisilicate O -on O -nitrofurantoin O -absorption O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vivo O -absorption O -characteristics O -of O -nitrofurantoin O -and O -nitrofurantoin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -magnesium I-Chemical -trisilicate O -combination O -were O -evaluated O -in O -6 O -healthy O -males O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -kinetics O -in O -the O -elderly O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetic O -properties O -of O -single O -1 O -. O -5 O -- O -to O -3 O -. O -0 O -- O -mg O -doses O -of O -intravenous O -lorazepam B-Chemical -were O -assessed O -in O -15 O -healthy O -elderly O -subjects O -, O -60 O -to O -84 O -yr O -of O -age O -, O -and O -in O -15 O -healthy O -young O -subjects O -, O -19 O -to O -38 O -yr O -of O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -Age O -differences O -in O -lorazepam B-Chemical -clearance O -were O -partly O -explained O -by O -more O -frequent O -cigarette O -smoking B-Chemical -in O -the O -young O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Peak O -plasma O -lorazepam B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -always O -reached O -within O -2 O -. O -5 O -hr O -, O -and O -values O -of O -absorption O -half O -- O -life O -( O -t1 O -/ O -2a O -) O -did O -not O -exceed O -45 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -aging O -process O -is O -associated O -with O -small O -changes O -in O -the O -kinetics O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -on O -lithium B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -the O -human O -erythrocyte O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -the O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -increased O -Li O -+ O -influx O -in O -red O -cells O -and O -steady O -- O -state O -Li O -+ O -distribution O -ratio O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Clinical O -use O -of O -prifinium O -bromide B-Chemical -: O -a O -new O -spasmolytic O -agent O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Improvement O -in O -arterial O -oxygenation O -by O -saralasin B-Chemical -infusion O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Unrelated O -to O -the O -hemodynamic O -changes O -, O -the O -mean O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -pressure O -( O -PaO2 O -) O -increased O -from O -68 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -2 O -mm O -Hg O -to O -73 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -1 O -mm O -Hg O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -; O -variability O -and O -effect O -of O -arterial O -pH O -in O -chronic O -obstructive O -lung O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -loading O -dose O -increased O -the O -serum O -theophylline B-Chemical -level O -an O -average O -of O -only O -5 O -. O -77 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -microcalorimetric O -study O -on O -the O -action O -of O -penicillins B-Chemical -on O -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -and O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -the O -bacterial O -metabolism O -, O -as O -judged O -from O -the O -heat O -generated O -, O -was O -smaller O -when O -using O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -microgram O -ml O -- O -1 O -of O -benzyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillin I-Chemical -( O -5 O -and O -10 O -x O -minimum O -inhibitory O -concentration O -, O -MIC O -) O -than O -with O -0 O -. O -04 O -microgram O -ml O -- O -1 O -( O -2 O -x O -MIC O -) O -and O -2 O -. O -0 O -- O -200 O -microgram O -ml O -- O -1 O -( O -100 O -- O -10 O -, O -000 O -x O -MIC O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -beta O -- O -lactamase O -- O -producing O -strain O -, O -no O -decrease O -in O -the O -heat O -was O -obtained O -when O -benzylpenicillin B-Chemical -was O -used O -in O -concentrations O -up O -to O -5 O -. O -0 O -microgram O -ml O -- O -1 O -( O -10 O -x O -MIC O -) O -, O -whereas O -a O -drug O -concentration O -of O -50 O -microgram O -ml O -- O -1 O -( O -100 O -x O -MIC O -) O -caused O -a O -slight O -reduction O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -highly O -significant O -decrease O -in O -the O -brain O -content O -of O -the O -" O -excitatory O -" O -transmitter O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacokinetics O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -pinealectomy O -on O -the O -circadian O -rhythms O -of O -the O -activities O -of O -polyamine O -biosynthetic O -decarboxylases O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -adminotransferase O -in O -different O -organs O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -studied O -the O -effects O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -( O -alpha O -- O -MPT O -) O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -, O -on O -the O -in O -vivo O -conversion O -of O -L O -- O -T4 O -( O -T4 O -) O -to O -3 O -' O -, O -3 O -, O -5 O -- O -triiodo O -- O -L O -- O -thyronine O -( O -T3 O -) O -, O -and O -on O -the O -biological O -effectiveness O -of O -T4 O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -month O -after O -the O -induction O -of O -cryptorchidism O -in O -adult O -rats O -, O -serum O -levels O -of O -LH O -and O -FSH O -were O -significantly O -elevated O -in O -comparison O -with O -sham O -- O -operated O -controls O -, O -whereas O -serum O -levels O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -remained O -low O -to O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -Testicular O -stimulation O -in O -vitro O -with O -a O -high O -dose O -of O -hCG O -( O -360 O -pM O -) O -resulted O -in O -significantly O -greater O -production O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -pregnenolone O -, O -and O -estradiol B-Chemical -by O -cryptorchid O -than O -by O -control O -rat O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -receptor O -in O -the O -cortex O -of O -1 O -spontaneously O -epileptic O -baboon O -exhibited O -an O -increased O -rate O -of O -thermal O -inactivation O -at O -65 O -degrees O -C O -when O -compared O -with O -those O -from O -3 O -other O -baboons O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -3H O -- O -QNB O -( O -muscarinic O -) O -and O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -naloxone I-Chemical -( O -opiate O -) O -binding O -sites O -in O -the O -brain O -of O -all O -4 O -baboons O -appeared O -very O -similar O -with O -respect O -to O -all O -parameters O -studied O -( O -thermal O -stability O -, O -concentration O -, O -regional O -distribution O -, O -and O -affinities O -for O -respective O -ligands O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -behaviour O -with O -the O -persistence O -of O -fibroblast O -cells O -in O -the O -interstitium O -after O -long O -- O -term O -HCG O -treatment O -suggests O -that O -the O -morphological O -action O -of O -HCG O -on O -the O -Sertoli O -cells O -is O -closely O -correlated O -with O -the O -maturation O -of O -the O -Leydig O -cells O -, O -particularly O -with O -their O -androgen B-Chemical -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -activities O -by O -cell O -density O -in O -the O -PC12 O -rat O -pheochromocytoma O -clonal O -cell O -line O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -PCO2 O -and O -total O -CO2 O -associated O -with O -changes O -in O -mucosal O -pH O -- O -values O -suggest O -that O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -or O -CO2 O -- O -movements O -toward O -the O -jejunal O -lumen O -involved O -in O -this O -adjustment O -process O -are O -predominant O -. O - -aps B-category -Diethylpyrocarbonate O -interferes O -with O -lipid O -- O -protein O -interaction O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -transport O -in O -the O -human O -red O -cell O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypotensive O -mechanism O -of O -adrenergic O -alpha O -blockers O -is O -related O -to O -their O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -the O -contractile O -Ca O -- O -mechanism O -in O -vascular O -smooth O -muscles O -as O -in O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -or O -verapamil B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -polymerization O -of O -hemoglobin O -for O -use O -as O -a O -blood O -substitute O -and O -an O -oxygen B-Chemical -carrier O -would O -be O -of O -interest O -because O -high O -- O -mol O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -and O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -and O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -phenazepam O -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -and O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -reduced O -the O -latent O -period O -of O -the O -reaction O -of O -active O -avoidance O -( O -RA O -) O -during O -aversive O -electric O -stimulation O -of O -the O -medial O -lemnisk O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -an O -Y O -- O -maze O -rats O -easier O -reformed O -the O -trajectory O -of O -the O -behavioral O -response O -under O -the O -effect O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -05 O -- O -- O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -aminazin O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -- O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Irreversible O -binding O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -metabolites O -to O -rat O -liver O -microsomal O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Multiple O -factors O -regulating O -the O -release O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -consequent O -to O -nerve O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -general O -, O -cyclic O -nucleotides O -, O -phosphodiesterase O -inhibitors O -, O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonists O -, O -cholinergic O -nicotinic O -agonists O -, O -and O -angiotensin B-Chemical -are O -able O -to O -enhance O -neurally O -mediated O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -release O -, O -whereas O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -agonists O -, O -cholinergic O -muscarinic O -agonists O -, O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -of O -the O -E O -series O -, O -opiates O -, O -enkephalins O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -inhibit O -neurally O -mediated O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -demonstration O -of O -whether O -such O -a O -relationship O -exists O -must O -await O -the O -development O -of O -techniques O -that O -will O -allow O -the O -measurement O -of O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -levels O -in O -the O -presynaptic O -adrenergic O -nerve O -terminal O -after O -exposure O -to O -the O -putative O -modulators O -of O -release O -and O -consequent O -to O -nerve O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Retention O -of O -biologic O -characteristics O -of O -zona O -pellucida O -in O -highly O -concentrated O -salt B-Chemical -solution O -: O -the O -use O -of O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stored I-Chemical -eggs O -for O -assessing O -the O -fertilizing O -capacity O -of O -spermatozoa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specificity O -as O -well O -as O -several O -physical O -and O -chemical O -characteristics O -of O -the O -zona O -seem O -to O -remain O -unchanged O -during O -storage O -of O -the O -eggs O -in O -salt B-Chemical -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -Shipment O -of O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stored I-Chemical -human O -eggs O -at O -ambient O -temperature O -to O -any O -part O -of O -the O -world O -is O -feasible O -and O -inexpensive O -. O - -aps B-category -Angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -steroidogenesis O -in O -rabbit O -adrenal O -: O -effects O -of O -pH O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -show O -that O -a O -reduction O -in O -pH O -from O -7 O -. O -4 O -to O -6 O -. O -5 O -produces O -both O -a O -shift O -to O -the O -left O -of O -the O -A O -- O -II O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -as O -well O -as O -an O -increase O -in O -maximum O -steroid B-Chemical -production O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -short O -review O -summarizes O -some O -of O -the O -data O -concerning O -the O -regulation O -of O -adrenocortical O -adenylate O -cyclase O -by O -ACTH B-Chemical -and O -other O -putative O -effectors O -, O -such O -as O -guanosine B-Chemical -and O -nucleotides O -, O -divalent O -cations O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -effect O -of O -neurotransmitters O -on O -the O -aromatization O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -by O -Sertoli O -cell O -- O -enriched O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -a O -concentration O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -, O -the O -strongest O -effects O -were O -noted O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isoproterenol I-Chemical -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norepinephrine I-Chemical -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -epinephrine I-Chemical -and O -D O -, O -L O -- O -synephrine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -same O -maximal O -level O -of O -stimulation O -was O -generally O -observed O -for O -dbcAMP O -, O -FSH O -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -leucine B-Chemical -on O -the O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -contents O -of O -islets O -and O -on O -the O -insulin O -released O -- O -- O -interactions O -in O -vitro O -with O -methylene O -blue O -, O -thiol B-Chemical -oxidants O -, O -and O -p O -- O -chloromercuribenzoate O -. O - -aps B-category -NADH O -concentrations O -were O -also O -increased O -by O -leucine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thiol B-Chemical -oxidants O -diamide O -and O -tert O -- O -butyl O -hydroperoxide O -also O -inhibited O -insulin O -secretion O -in O -response O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -plus O -leucine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -data O -suggest O -that O -the O -insulin O -- O -releasing O -action O -of O -leucine B-Chemical -depends O -on O -the O -islets O -' O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -( O -GSH O -) O -; O -in O -addition O -, O -leucine B-Chemical -may O -contribute O -to O -insulin O -secretion O -by O -increasing O -the O -islet O -NADPH B-Chemical -: O -NADP O -ratio O -and O -the O -NADH O -: O -NAD O -ratio O -. O - -aps B-category -Gastric O -and O -pancreatic O -release O -of O -somatostatin O -- O -like O -immunoreactivity O -during O -the O -gastric O -phase O -of O -a O -meal O -: O -effects O -of O -truncal O -vagotomy O -and O -atropine B-Chemical -in O -the O -anesthetized O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Are O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -gastrin O -accelerative O -factors O -of O -acute O -cinchophen O -ulcer O -? O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -changes O -in O -either O -serum O -concentrations O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -gastrin O -or O -fundic O -mucosal O -microcirculation O -after O -a O -single O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -cinchophen O -administration O -were O -found O -while O -gastric O -secretion O -increased O -markedly O -after O -the O -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -Repeated O -administration O -of O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -cinchophen O -for O -3 O -to O -7 O -days O -brought O -about O -an O -increase O -in O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -gastrin O -levels O -and O -caused O -an O -occurrence O -of O -fundic O -mucosal O -hemorrhage O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -) O -In O -rats O -fed O -a O -standard O -diet O -or O -a O -protein O -restricted O -diet O -the O -effect O -of O -acute O -and O -chronic O -ethanol B-Chemical -administration O -on O -liver O -content O -of O -adenine O -nucleotides O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -AMP O -content O -increases O -immediately O -following O -ethanol B-Chemical -ingestion O -about O -2 O -- O -fold O -and O -remains O -elevated O -for O -12 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -it O -is O -more O -pronounced O -after O -small O -doses O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -is O -not O -observed O -when O -blood O -ethanol B-Chemical -concentrations O -are O -very O -high O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -) O -In O -animals O -fed O -nearly O -protein O -- O -free O -diet O -, O -total O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -content O -and O -ATP O -content O -are O -distinctly O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -) O -Chronic O -ethanol B-Chemical -application O -does O -neither O -in O -rats O -kept O -on O -a O -standard O -diet O -nor O -in O -those O -fed O -a O -protein O -restricted O -regimen O -affect O -the O -liver O -content O -of O -total O -adenine O -nucleotides O -or O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -Small O -bowel O -absorption O -of O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -and O -its O -hepatic O -metabolism O -in O -human O -beings O -, O -cats O -, O -and O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -the O -small O -bowel O -in O -absorption O -and O -metabolism O -of O -SASP O -was O -determined O -by O -the O -amount O -of O -administered O -SASP O -excreted O -in O -ileostomy O -effluents O -, O -and O -the O -concentration O -of O -serum O -and O -urinary O -SASP O -and O -its O -metabolites O -, O -sulfapyridine O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -salicylic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -undertaken O -to O -determine O -if O -the O -cytoprotective O -effect O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -and O -the O -H2 O -histamine B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonist O -cimetidine B-Chemical -involves O -protection O -against O -disruption O -of O -the O -gastric O -mucosal O -barrier O -. O - -aps B-category -Parameters O -of O -barrier O -disruption O -were O -then O -determined O -before O -and O -after O -exposure O -of O -the O -gastric O -mucosa O -to O -40mM O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -both O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -and O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -mepyramine O -, O -protect O -against O -barrier O -disruption O -by O -topical O -aspirin B-Chemical -, O -and O -this O -may O -be O -a O -factor O -in O -the O -mechanism O -of O -their O -cytoprotective O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs O -: O -how O -to O -reduce O -the O -risk O -of O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptics B-Chemical -must O -be O -administered O -in O -the O -lowest O -effective O -dose O -for O -the O -shortest O -possible O -period O -, O -and O -should O -be O -given O -only O -for O -specific O -indications O -, O -usually O -psychotic O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -increased O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -contents O -of O -the O -hypothalamus O -, O -amygdala O -, O -striatum O -and O -mesencephalon O -, O -but O -it O -was O -ineffective O -as O -regards O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -contents O -of O -the O -same O -brain O -areas O -, O -and O -increased O -the O -plasma O -testosterone B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -decreased O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -contents O -of O -these O -brain O -areas O -, O -but O -it O -was O -ineffective O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -, O -and O -decreased O -the O -plasma O -testosterone B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -decreased O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -contents O -of O -the O -different O -brain O -areas O -, O -while O -it O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -levels O -or O -on O -the O -plasma O -testosterone B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -both O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -may O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -the O -pituitary O -- O -testicular O -function O -, O -and O -the O -ratio O -of O -the O -two O -transmitters O -might O -be O -more O -important O -that O -their O -actual O -levels O -in O -definite O -brain O -areas O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonist O -, O -when O -administered O -at O -a O -dosage O -of O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -body O -weight O -, O -enhanced O -both O -passive O -hemagglutinating O -and O -IgE O -( O -passive O -cutaneous O -anaphylaxis O -) O -antibody O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -Thymus O -, O -spleen O -and O -liver O -nuclei O -released O -a O -large O -fraction O -of O -soluble O -chromatin O -in O -vitro O -when O -incubation O -was O -carried O -out O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -media O -containing O -low O -concentrations O -of O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -MgCl2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -of O -the O -formation O -of O -struvite O -crystals O -on O -latex O -catheters O -by O -silver B-Chemical -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -benefits O -and O -risks O -of O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -, O -IUD O -and O -abortion O -are O -appraised O -at O -an O -international O -symposium O -in O -Montreal O -. O - -aps B-category -Notwithstanding O -the O -positive O -aspects O -of O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -there O -are O -acknowledged O -risks O -such O -as O -increased O -blood O -pressure O -associated O -with O -the O -pill O -for O -women O -over O -age O -30 O -who O -smoke O -and O -consequently O -patients O -should O -be O -advised O -not O -to O -smoke O -, O -to O -maintain O -average O -level O -weight O -and O -regularly O -check O -blood O -pressure O -readings O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -incontinence O -in O -patients O -receiving O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -pepsinogens O -, O -the O -contents O -of O -which O -increase O -with O -developmental O -progress O -, O -were O -purified O -from O -the O -gastric O -mucosa O -of O -the O -adult O -rat O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -fractionation O -and O -chromatography O -on O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -and O -DEAE O -- O -Sepharose O -CL O -- O -6B O -columns O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -the O -enzymes O -in O -hydrolyzing O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -L O -- O -phenylalanyl O -- O -3 O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diiodo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -( O -APDT O -) O -were O -about O -1 O -/ O -8 O -of O -that O -of O -porcine O -pepsin O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholesterol B-Chemical -oxidase O -[ O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -6 O -] O -from O -Schizophyllum O -commune O -was O -purified O -by O -an O -affinity O -chromatography O -using O -3 O -- O -O O -- O -succinylcholesterol O -- O -ethylenediamine O -( O -3 O -- O -cholesteryl O -- O -3 O -- O -[ O -2 O -- O -aminoethylamido O -] O -propionate O -) O -Sepharose O -gels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -contained O -483 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -as O -calculated O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -molecular O -weight O -of O -53 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -for O -cholesterol B-Chemical -was O -0 O -. O -33 O -mM O -and O -the O -optimal O -pH O -was O -5 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mobilities O -of O -the O -aminoacyl O -flavin O -after O -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -flavin O -peptides O -on O -thin O -layer O -chromatography O -and O -high O -voltage O -electrophoresis O -differed O -from O -those O -of O -free O -FAD O -, O -FMN O -, O -and O -riboflavin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -strongly O -that O -cholesterol B-Chemical -oxidase O -from O -Schizophyllum O -commune O -contains O -FAD O -as O -the O -prothetic O -group O -, O -which O -is O -covalently O -linked O -to O -the O -enzyme O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sedimentation O -coefficient O -( O -S O -( O -0 O -) O -20 O -, O -W O -) O -was O -13 O -. O -8S O -, O -and O -the O -molecular O -activity O -was O -44 O -, O -700 O -min O -- O -1 O -at O -30 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -determined O -, O -and O -the O -results O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -NAD O -- O -linked O -malic O -enzyme O -from O -the O -same O -organism O -and O -those O -of O -pigeon O -liver O -NADP O -- O -linked O -malic O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -saturation O -profile O -for O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -malate I-Chemical -exhibited O -a O -marked O -cooperativity O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -both O -chloride B-Chemical -ions O -and O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -the O -oxidative O -decarboxylase O -activity O -, O -the O -enzyme O -preparation O -exhibited O -divalent O -metal O -ion O -- O -dependent O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -and O -alpha O -- O -keto O -acid O -reductase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -also O -degraded O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -urea B-Chemical -; O -however O -, O -several O -other O -proteins O -and O -model O -proteinase O -substrates O -were O -not O -cleaved O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -light O -subunit O -, O -but O -not O -the O -heavy O -subunit O -, O -exhibits O -proteinase O -activity O -even O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolic O -fate O -of O -13N O -- O -labeled O -ammonia B-Chemical -in O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -infusion O -of O -physiological O -concentrations O -of O -[ O -13N O -] O -ammonia B-Chemical -for O -10 O -min O -via O -one O -internal O -carotid O -artery O -, O -the O -relative O -specific O -activities O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -glutamine B-Chemical -( O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -( O -amide O -) O -in O -brain O -were O -approximately O -1 O -: O -5 O -: O -400 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -13N O -- O -metabolites O -, O -after O -infusion O -of O -[ O -13N O -] O -ammonia B-Chemical -into O -one O -lateral O -cerebral O -ventricle O -, O -indicated O -that O -ammonia B-Chemical -entering O -the O -brain O -from O -the O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -is O -also O -metabolized O -in O -a O -small O -glutamate B-Chemical -pool O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -13N O -activity O -in O -brain O -glutamate B-Chemical -was O -greater O -than O -that O -in O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -of O -label O -recovered O -in O -the O -right O -cerebral O -hemisphere O -, O -5 O -s O -after O -a O -rapid O -bolus O -injection O -of O -[ O -13N O -] O -ammonia B-Chemical -via O -the O -right O -common O -carotid O -artery O -, O -was O -found O -to O -be O -independent O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -concentration O -within O -the O -bolus O -over O -a O -1000 O -- O -fold O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -normal O -rats O -that O -were O -killed O -by O -a O -freeze O -- O -blowing O -technique O -5 O -s O -after O -injection O -of O -an O -[ O -13N O -] O -ammonia B-Chemical -bolus O -, O -approximately O -60 O -% O -of O -the O -label O -recovered O -in O -brain O -had O -already O -been O -incorporated O -into O -glutamine B-Chemical -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -t1 O -/ O -2 O -for O -conversion O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -to O -glutamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -small O -pool O -is O -in O -the O -range O -of O -1 O -to O -3 O -s O -or O -less O -. O - -aps B-category -Stereospecificity O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -borohydride O -reduction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -from O -Streptococcus O -faecalis O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -binding O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -or O -tyramine O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -to O -the O -holoenzyme O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -boro O -[ O -3H O -] O -hydride O -reduction O -proceeds O -from O -the O -si O -face O -at O -C O -- O -4 O -' O -of O -the O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -and O -chloride B-Chemical -ions O -on O -the O -interaction O -between O -sulfaethidole O -and O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -studied O -by O -microcalorimetric O -and O -acid O -- O -base O -titrimetric O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -explains O -the O -observation O -that O -the O -heat O -of O -binding O -of O -sulfaethidole O -to O -the O -high O -affinity O -site O -is O -- O -33 O -. O -0 O -kJ O -. O -mol O -- O -1 O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -ions O -, O -but O -only O -- O -22 O -. O -8 O -kJ O -. O -mol O -- O -1 O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -Cl O -- O -( O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversion O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -to O -glutathione B-Chemical -disulfide O -, O -a O -catalytic O -function O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -12 O -isozymes O -exhibited O -a O -constant O -ratio O -of O -transpeptidase O -to O -glutathione B-Chemical -oxidase O -activities O -, O -strongly O -supporting O -the O -conclusion O -that O -conversion O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -to O -glutathione B-Chemical -disulfide O -is O -a O -catalytic O -function O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Stability O -of O -the O -monomer O -and O -effect O -of O -metal O -ion O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -binding O -on O -dimer O -stability O -. O - -aps B-category -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -lipid O -peroxidation O -occurs O -in O -two O -distinct O -sequential O -radical O -steps O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -step O -, O -propagation O -, O -is O -the O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -catalyzed I-Chemical -breakdown O -of O -lipid B-Chemical -hydroperoxides I-Chemical -formed O -during O -initiation O -generating O -reactive O -intermediates O -and O -products O -characteristic O -of O -lipid O -peroxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -products O -from O -rRNA O -are O -mostly O -oligonucleotides O -with O -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -ends O -. O - -aps B-category -Bis O -( O -monoacylglycero O -) O -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -purified O -from O -the O -livers O -of O -chloroquine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -and O -labeled O -with O -tritium O -by O -a O -nonreductive O -catalytic O -exchange O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneous O -measurements O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -and O -transmembrane O -transport O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -, O -H O -+ O -, O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -show O -that O -the O -efflux O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -from O -respiring O -tightly O -coupled O -rat O -liver O -mitochondria O -takes O -place O -by O -an O -electroneutral O -Ca2 O -+ O -/ O -2H O -+ O -antiport O -process O -that O -is O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -- O -insensitive O -and O -that O -is O -regulated O -by O -the O -oxidation O -- O -reduction O -state O -of O -the O -mitochondrial O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -Upon O -subsequent O -addition O -of O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -to O -block O -Ca2 O -+ O -transport O -via O -the O -electrophoretic O -influx O -pathway O -, O -and O -acetoacetate O -, O -to O -bring O -mitochondrial O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -into O -the O -oxidized O -state O -, O -Ca2 O -+ O -efflux O -and O -H O -+ O -influx O -ensued O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pulse O -radiolysis O -of O -solutions O -of O -adult O -human O -methemogolbin O -was O -used O -in O -order O -to O -reduce O -a O -single O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -within O -the O -protein O -tetramers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -pH O -and O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -were O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -, O -above O -pH O -8 O -, O -the O -kinetics O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -binding O -was O -of O -a O -single O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -bovine O -adrenal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -3 O -- O -monooxygenase O -by O -phosphorylation O -- O -dephosphorylation O -reaction O -, O -catalyzed O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -- O -dependent O -protein O -kinase O -and O -phosphoprotein O -phosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -minimum O -molecular O -weight O -based O -on O -mass O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -per O -mole O -of O -flavin O -is O -64 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Anaerobically O -NADPH B-Chemical -bleaches O -the O -flavoprotein O -, O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -both O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -a O -remarkably O -stable O -intermediate O -form O -of O -the O -enzyme O -, O -with O -an O -absorption O -band O -at O -375 O -nm O -, O -is O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -studies O -carried O -out O -with O -a O -model O -organic O -nitrogen B-Chemical -substrate O -( O -trimethylamine O -) O -and O -a O -sulfur O -substrate O -( O -methimazole B-Chemical -) O -gave O -similar O -patterns O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -NADPH B-Chemical -is O -the O -first O -substrate O -added O -, O -then O -NADP O -+ O -must O -be O -the O -last O -product O -released O -since O -NADP O -+ O -is O -competitive O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -observed O -equilibrium O -constants O -( O -Kobs O -) O -of O -the O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -) O -, O -myokinase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O -3 O -) O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphatase I-Chemical -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -9 O -) O -, O -and O -fructose O -- O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphatase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -11 O -) O -reactions O -have O -been O -determined O -at O -38 O -degrees O -C O -, O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -, O -ionic O -strength O -0 O -. O -25 O -, O -and O -varying O -free O -magnesium B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -value O -was O -found O -to O -be O -3 O -. O -78 O -x O -10 O -( O -8 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -at O -free O -[ O -Mg2 O -+ O -] O -= O -0 O -and O -1 O -. O -66 O -x O -10 O -( O -9 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -at O -free O -[ O -Mg2 O -+ O -] O -= O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -. O -Therefore O -, O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -, O -the O -value O -of O -Kobs O -, O -defined O -as O -Kobs O -= O -KCK O -[ O -H O -+ O -] O -= O -[ O -sigma O -ATP O -] O -[ O -sigma O -creatine B-Chemical -] O -divided O -by O -( O -[ O -sigma O -ADP O -] O -[ O -sigma O -creatine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -] O -was O -37 O -. O -8 O -at O -free O -[ O -Mg2 O -+ O -] O -= O -0 O -and O -166 O -at O -free O -[ O -Mg2 O -+ O -] O -= O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -. O -The O -Kobs O -value O -for O -the O -myokinase O -reaction O -, O -2 O -sigma O -ADP O -equilibrium O -sigma O -AMP O -+ O -sigma O -ATP O -, O -was O -found O -to O -vary O -with O -free O -[ O -Mg2 O -+ O -] O -, O -being O -0 O -. O -391 O -at O -free O -[ O -Mg2 O -+ O -] O -= O -0 O -and O -1 O -. O -05 O -at O -free O -[ O -Mg2 O -+ O -] O -= O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -. O -Taking O -the O -standard O -state O -of O -water O -to O -have O -activity O -equal O -to O -1 O -, O -the O -Kobs O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -hydrolysis O -, O -sigma O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -+ O -H2O O -equilibrium O -sigma O -glucose B-Chemical -+ O -sigma O -Pi O -, O -was O -found O -not O -to O -vary O -with O -free O -[ O -Mg2 O -+ O -] O -, O -being O -110 O -M O -at O -both O -free O -[ O -Mg2 O -+ O -] O -= O -0 O -and O -free O -[ O -Mg2 O -+ O -] O -= O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -. O -The O -Kobs O -of O -fructose O -- O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -P2 O -hydrolysis O -, O -sigma O -fructose O -- O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -P2 O -equilibrium O -sigma O -fructose O -- O -6 O -- O -P O -+ O -sigma O -Pi O -, O -was O -found O -to O -vary O -with O -free O -[ O -Mg2 O -+ O -] O -, O -being O -272 O -M O -at O -free O -[ O -Mg2 O -+ O -] O -= O -0 O -and O -174 O -M O -at O -free O -[ O -Mg2 O -+ O -] O -= O -0 O -. O -89 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -brain O -and O -muscle O -, O -the O -value O -of O -KG O -+ O -G O -/ O -KLDH O -calculated O -from O -the O -measured O -tissue O -contents O -of O -the O -reactants O -was O -a O -factor O -of O -20 O -or O -more O -lower O -than O -that O -expected O -at O -equilibrium O -as O -was O -the O -measured O -value O -of O -the O -expression O -: O -KCK O -= O -[ O -sigma O -ATP O -] O -[ O -sigma O -creatine B-Chemical -] O -divided O -by O -[ O -sigma O -ADP O -] O -[ O -sigma O -creatine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -] O -[ O -H O -+ O -] O -( O -2 O -) O -Substitution O -of O -calculated O -free O -[ O -sigma O -ADP O -] O -values O -in O -the O -expression O -of O -KG O -+ O -G O -/ O -KLDH O -gave O -values O -of O -0 O -. O -83 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -19 O -x O -10 O -( O -7 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -for O -brain O -and O -muscle O -, O -respectively O -, O -which O -agreed O -well O -with O -the O -value O -of O -1 O -. O -65 O -x O -10 O -( O -7 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -measured O -in O -vitro O -at O -I O -= O -0 O -. O -25 O -, O -free O -[ O -Mg2 O -+ O -] O -= O -1 O -mM O -, O -T O -= O -38 O -degrees O -C O -. O -This O -agreement O -between O -two O -highly O -active O -enzyme O -systems O -in O -the O -same O -compartment O -is O -taken O -as O -evidence O -of O -the O -existence O -of O -near O -- O -equilibrium O -in O -both O -these O -systems O -and O -suggests O -that O -free O -cytosolic O -[ O -sigma O -ADP O -] O -is O -probably O -20 O -- O -fold O -lower O -than O -measured O -cell O -ADP O -content O -in O -mitochondrial O -- O -containing O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentrations O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -from O -0 O -. O -15 O -to O -0 O -. O -3 O -M O -inhibited O -the O -activity O -at O -low O -pH O -values O -but O -activated O -the O -enzyme O -between O -pH O -4 O -. O -0 O -and O -5 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -NaCl B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -low O -Km O -form O -, O -but O -activated O -the O -high O -Km O -form O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -ternary O -complex O -is O -formed O -by O -random O -addition O -of O -p O -- O -hydroxybenzoate O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -to O -the O -enzyme O -, O -followed O -by O -the O -release O -of O -the O -first O -product O -( O -NADP O -+ O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -- O -bound O -p O -- O -hydroxybenzoate O -then O -reacts O -with O -the O -activated O -oxygen B-Chemical -to O -give O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydroxybenzoate O -which O -is O -released O -regenerating O -the O -oxidized O -enzyme O -for O -the O -next O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anaerobic O -reduction O -of O -the O -enzyme O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -p O -- O -hydroxybenzoate O -produces O -a O -transient O -charge O -- O -transfer O -intermediate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -stimulation O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -in O -unilateral O -undescended O -testes O -of O -humans O -by O -follicle O -- O -stimulating O -hormone O -and O -luteinizing O -hormone O -. O - -aps B-category -Biopsy O -tissue O -was O -preincubated O -at O -37 O -C O -for O -5 O -min O -in O -1 O -ml O -Krebs O -- O -Ringer O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -buffer O -( O -KRB O -) O -containing O -10 O -mM O -aminophylline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -other O -half O -was O -incubated O -for O -20 O -min O -at O -37 O -C O -in O -1 O -ml O -fresh O -KRB O -containing O -aminophylline B-Chemical -and O -FSH O -( O -10 O -microgram O -) O -or O -LH O -( O -10 O -microgram O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -20 O -- O -min O -incubation O -period O -with O -FSH O -the O -concentrations O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -in O -the O -descended O -and O -undescended O -testes O -were O -10 O -. O -85 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -86 O -pmol O -/ O -mg O -protein O -and O -11 O -. O -21 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -1 O -mol O -/ O -mg O -protein O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Leydig O -and O -Sertoli O -cell O -functions O -of O -the O -undescended O -testes O -, O -at O -least O -in O -terms O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -generation O -, O -are O -similar O -to O -normal O -descended O -testes O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -evidence O -for O -binding O -of O -AMP O -deaminase O -to O -spectrin O -or O -band O -3 O -( O -the O -G3PD O -binding O -protein O -) O -was O -found O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -, O -however O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -human O -neutrophil O -neutral O -protease O -which O -generates O -a O -low O -molecular O -weight O -peptide O -from O -a O -plasma O -protein O -substrate O -and O -cleaves O -the O -basic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -ester O -substrates O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -HCl O -, O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzoyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -ester O -HCl O -, O -and O -alpha O -- O -N O -- O -carbobenzoxy O -- O -l O -- O -lysine O -- O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -ester O -has O -been O -purified O -to O -homogeneity O -and O -distinguished O -from O -the O -known O -lysosomal O -neutrophil O -proteases O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -treatment O -with O -diisopropylfluorophosphate B-Chemical -to O -eliminate O -autodegradation O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -of O -reduced O -and O -unreduced O -protein O -gave O -a O -single O -protein O -band O -of O -29 O -, O -000 O -- O -30 O -, O -000 O -mol O -wt O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -neutrophil O -protease O -, O -like O -cathepsin O -G O -and O -elastase O -, O -is O -composed O -of O -a O -single O -polypeptide O -chain O -of O -congruent O -with30 O -, O -000 O -mol O -wt O -, O -but O -differs O -from O -cathepsin O -G O -and O -elastase O -in O -its O -less O -cationic O -isoelectric O -point O -and O -its O -failure O -to O -cleave O -synthetic O -substrates O -presenting O -an O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -ester O -linkage O -and O -alanyl O -peptide O -bonds O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Observations O -on O -the O -factors O -that O -control O -the O -generation O -of O -triiodothyronine O -from O -thyroxine B-Chemical -in O -rat O -liver O -and O -the O -nature O -of O -the O -defect O -induced O -by O -fasting O -. O - -aps B-category -T3 O -- O -neogenesis O -in O -livers O -from O -fasted O -animals O -and O -those O -fed O -chow O -or O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -assessed O -in O -various O -mixtures O -of O -crude O -microsomal O -fractions O -with O -either O -buffer O -or O -cytosols O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diminished O -supporting O -activity O -for O -T3 O -- O -neogenesis O -provided O -by O -liver O -cytosol O -from O -fasted O -animals O -was O -restored O -to O -normal O -by O -enrichment O -with O -either O -NADPH B-Chemical -or O -GSH O -, O -but O -the O -two O -cofactors O -appeared O -to O -act O -at O -different O -loci O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulatory O -effect O -of O -both O -agents O -was O -blocked O -by O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -oxidant O -, O -diamide O -, O -which O -also O -inhibited O -T3 O -- O -neogenesis O -in O -mixtures O -of O -microsomes O -with O -cytosols O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -direct O -stimulation O -of O -enzyme O -activity O -by O -GSH O -, O -and O -the O -apparent O -lack O -of O -inhibition O -of O -unstimulated O -activity O -by O -diamide O -, O -suggests O -that O -the O -5 O -' O -- O -monodeiodinase O -for O -thyroxine B-Chemical -that O -mediates O -T3 O -- O -neogenesis O -may O -be O -a O -GSH O -transhydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -studies O -, O -we O -have O -examined O -the O -in O -vitro O -interaction O -between O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -T O -( O -3 O -) O -with O -respect O -to O -this O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -a O -concentration O -of O -1 O -muM O -, O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -terbutaline B-Chemical -, O -and O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -were O -also O -without O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -basal O -nor O -T O -( O -3 O -) O -- O -enhanced O -CLE O -accumulation O -was O -affected O -by O -the O -addition O -alone O -of O -the O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -) O -, O -phentolamine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -muM O -) O -, O -or O -practolol O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enhancement O -of O -CLE O -accumulation O -that O -occurred O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -T O -( O -3 O -) O -, O -with O -or O -without O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -was O -seen O -to O -be O -a O -result O -of O -an O -inhibition O -of O -CLE O -efflux O -, O -because O -T O -( O -3 O -) O -alone O -inhibited O -CLE O -efflux O -, O -and O -this O -effect O -was O -increased O -when O -epinephrine B-Chemical -was O -also O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -judged O -from O -studies O -of O -the O -ability O -of O -thymocytes O -to O -exclude O -trypan B-Chemical -blue I-Chemical -, O -neither O -T O -( O -3 O -) O -alone O -nor O -T O -( O -3 O -) O -plus O -epinephrine B-Chemical -either O -enhanced O -or O -impaired O -viability O -of O -cells O -during O -3 O -- O -h O -periods O -of O -incubation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -confirmation O -of O -previous O -results O -, O -the O -stimulatory O -effect O -of O -T O -( O -3 O -) O -on O -CLE O -accumulation O -was O -unaffected O -by O -concentrations O -of O -puromycin O -sufficient O -to O -inhibit O -protein O -synthesis O -by O -at O -least O -95 O -% O -, O -and O -the O -potentiating O -action O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -on O -the O -response O -to O -T O -( O -3 O -) O -was O -similarly O -unaffected O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -DNA O -: O -anti O -- O -DNA O -compexes O -was O -not O -related O -to O -high O -molecular O -weight O -IgG O -, O -cryoprecipitins O -, O -positive O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -precipitation O -, O -or O -low O -plasma O -C3 O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -HbA O -( O -Ic O -) O -increased O -with O -time O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -concentrations O -( O -5 O -- O -500 O -mM O -) O -, O -and O -incubation O -temperature O -( O -4 O -degrees O -- O -37 O -degrees O -C O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -galactose B-Chemical -and O -mannose O -, O -but O -not O -fructose O -, O -served O -as O -precursors O -to O -HbA O -( O -Ic O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Autoradiography O -after O -erythrocyte O -incubation O -with O -( O -32 O -) O -P B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -showed O -incorporation O -of O -radioactivity O -into O -HbA O -( O -Ia1 O -) O -and O -A O -( O -Ia2 O -) O -, O -but O -not O -HbA O -( O -Ib O -) O -, O -A O -( O -Ic O -) O -, O -or O -A O -. O -Acetylated O -HbA O -, O -generated O -during O -incubation O -with O -acetylsalicylate B-Chemical -, O -migrated O -anodal O -to O -HbA O -( O -Ic O -) O -and O -clearly O -separated O -from O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -erythrocytes O -from O -cord O -blood O -and O -from O -HbC O -and O -sickle O -cell O -anemia O -patients O -were O -incubated O -with O -elevated O -concentrations O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -fetal O -Hb O -, O -HbC O -, O -and O -sickle O -Hb O -decreased O -, O -whereas O -hemoglobins O -focusing O -at O -isoelectric O -points O -near O -those O -expected O -for O -the O -corresponding O -glycosylated O -derivatives O -appeared O -in O -proportionately O -increased O -amounts O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -somatostatin O -and O -combined O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -on O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -recovery O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -flux O -rates O -after O -insulin O -- O -induced O -hypoglycemia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -control O -studies O -, O -recovery O -of O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -from O -hypoglycemia O -was O -primarily O -due O -to O -a O -compensatory O -increase O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -production O -; O -the O -temporal O -relationship O -of O -glucagon O -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -cortisol B-Chemical -, O -and O -growth O -hormone O -responses O -with O -the O -compensatory O -increase O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -appearance O -was O -compatible O -with O -potential O -participation O -of O -all O -these O -hormones O -in O -acute O -glucose B-Chemical -counterregulation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -impaired O -recovery O -of O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -due O -to O -blunting O -of O -the O -compensatory O -increase O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -appearance O -since O -glucose B-Chemical -disappearance O -was O -not O -augmented O -, O -and O -was O -attributable O -to O -suppression O -of O -glucagon O -secretion O -rather O -than O -growth O -hormone O -secretion O -since O -these O -effects O -of O -somatostatin O -were O -not O -observed O -during O -simultaneous O -infusion O -of O -somatostatin O -and O -glucagon O -whereas O -infusion O -of O -growth O -hormone O -along O -with O -somatostatin O -did O -not O -prevent O -the O -effect O -of O -somatostatin O -. O - -aps B-category -Infusion O -of O -phentolamine B-Chemical -plus O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -combined O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -) O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -or O -glucose B-Chemical -fluxes O -after O -insulin O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -in O -man O -( O -a O -) O -restoration O -of O -normoglycemia O -after O -insulin O -- O -induced O -hypoglycemia O -is O -primarily O -due O -to O -a O -compensatory O -increase O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -production O -; O -( O -b O -) O -intact O -glucagon O -secretion O -, O -but O -not O -growth O -hormone O -secretion O -, O -is O -necessary O -for O -normal O -glucose B-Chemical -counterregulation O -, O -and O -( O -c O -) O -adrenergic O -mechanisms O -do O -not O -normally O -play O -an O -essential O -role O -in O -this O -process O -but O -become O -critical O -to O -recovery O -from O -hypoglycemia O -when O -glucagon O -secretion O -is O -impaired O -. O - -aps B-category -L O -- O -ascorbic O -acid O -( O -LAA O -) O -augmented O -cGMP B-Chemical -many O -- O -fold O -in O -highly O -purified O -human O -peripheral O -blood O -lymphocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -D O -- O -ascorbic O -acid O -( O -DAA O -) O -and O -dehydroascorbic O -acid O -( O -DHAA O -) O -were O -also O -equally O -active O -in O -enhancing O -cGMP B-Chemical -concentrations O -but O -metabolic O -precursors O -of O -ascorbic O -acid O -and O -other O -inorganic O -acids O -did O -not O -increase O -cGMP B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sodium B-Chemical -or O -calcium B-Chemical -salts O -of O -ascorbic O -acid O -did O -not O -increase O -cGMP B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -broken O -cell O -preparations O -, O -LAA O -, O -DAA O -, O -and O -DHAA O -and O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -sodium B-Chemical -ascorbate O -( O -NaA O -) O -enhanced O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -while O -neither O -inhibited O -cAMP B-Chemical -or O -cGMP B-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -( O -PDE O -) O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -, O -H1 O -and O -H2 O -antihistamines O -, O -and O -immediate O -hypersensitivity O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Intradermal O -histamine B-Chemical -is O -markedly O -inhibited O -by O -H1 O -receptor O -antagonists O -but O -not O -by O -H2 O -receptor O -antagonists O -in O -the O -doses O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -a O -selective O -beta O -2 O -adrenergic O -agonist O -and O -theophylline B-Chemical -on O -skin O -test O -reactivity O -and O -cardiovascular O -parameters O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -, O -inexpensive O -micrometer O -adaptor O -to O -a O -tuberculin O -syringe O -was O -used O -to O -deliver O -allergens O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -more O -accurately O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -this O -study O -point O -out O -some O -of O -the O -difficulties O -in O -trying O -to O -extrapolate O -in O -vitro O -findings O -to O -in O -vivo O -correlates O -since O -neither O -fenoterol O -nor O -therapeutic O -doses O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -interfere O -with O -immediate O -skin O -test O -reactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Methylphenidate B-Chemical -and O -caffeine B-Chemical -impaired O -the O -performance O -of O -both O -age O -groups O -in O -this O -non O -- O -human O -primate O -cognitive O -task O -, O -even O -at O -relatively O -low O -dose O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical -/ O -niacin B-Chemical -mixture O -produced O -a O -three O -- O -way O -interaction O -involving O -age O -, O -dose O -and O -retention O -interval O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -bacteriological O -study O -was O -carried O -out O -on O -the O -first O -Leisure O -Centre O -swimming O -pools O -in O -the O -United O -Kingdom O -to O -be O -disinfected O -with O -ozone B-Chemical -/ O -chlorine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fraction O -containing O -LIF O -( O -68 O -, O -000 O -daltons O -) O -activity O -was O -then O -subjected O -to O -isoelectric O -focusing O -( O -pH O -3 O -to O -10 O -ampholines O -) O -in O -a O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -lead B-Chemical -us O -to O -conclude O -that O -, O -in O -vitro O -, O -IgE O -resides O -in O -a O -functional O -orientation O -on O -the O -surface O -of O -RBL O -- O -1 O -cells O -, O -for O -prolonged O -periods O -of O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -were O -done O -to O -determine O -1 O -) O -whether O -the O -respiratory O -burst O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -anion O -( O -O2 O -- O -) O -production O -in O -polymorphonuclear O -leukocytes O -( O -PMN O -) O -is O -triggered O -during O -antibody O -- O -dependent O -killing O -of O -tumor O -cells O -and O -2 O -) O -whether O -O2 O -- O -production O -is O -essential O -for O -cytotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Added O -catalase O -and O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -did O -not O -inhibit O -lysis O -, O -possibly O -because O -these O -enzymes O -were O -unable O -to O -diffuse O -into O -the O -inter O -- O -plasma O -- O -membrane O -space O -between O -killer O -and O -target O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -requirement O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -was O -most O -likely O -related O -to O -O2 O -- O -generation O -and O -not O -mitochondrial O -respiration O -since O -cyanide O -and O -azide O -, O -which O -inhibit O -mitochondrial O -respiration O -, O -increased O -cytotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Filtration O -of O -spent O -medium O -, O -adjustment O -of O -pH O -, O -addition O -of O -urea B-Chemical -, O -and O -reinoculation O -permitted O -growth O -at O -the O -same O -rate O -and O -to O -the O -same O -titer O -as O -that O -observed O -in O -unused O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -7alpha O -- O -Dehydroxylation O -activity O -was O -not O -detected O -using O -glycine B-Chemical -and O -taurine O -- O -conjugated O -primary O -bile O -acids O -, O -ursodeoxycholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -cholic O -acid O -methyl O -ester O -, O -or O -hyocholic O -acid O -as O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -same O -culture O -, O -a O -similar O -increase O -in O -chenodeoxycholic O -acid O -7alpha O -- O -dehydroxylation O -was O -detected O -only O -in O -cells O -cultured O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -cholate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -low O -concentrations O -, O -the O -absorption O -rate O -of O -linoleic O -acid O -is O -influenced O -by O -the O -pH O -, O -surfactant O -type O -and O -concentration O -, O -the O -simultaneous O -presence O -of O -other O -polyunsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -thickness O -of O -the O -unstirred O -water O -layer O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparative O -study O -of O -Zn O -( O -II O -) O -and O -Co O -( O -II O -) O -binding O -to O -glycyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -, O -a O -pseudosubstrate O -for O -carboxypeptidase O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -carboxyl O -, O -amino B-Chemical -, O -and O -tyrosyl O -pKa O -values O -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -distribution O -of O -solution O -complexes O -, O -have O -been O -determined O -by O -analytical O -potentiometry O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -metals O -formed O -bis O -- O -peptide O -complexes O -, O -involving O -amino B-Chemical -and O -peptide O -carbonyl O -coordination O -near O -pH O -= O -8 O -, O -with O -Zn O -( O -II O -) O -demonstrating O -a O -substantially O -higher O -affinity O -for O -the O -ligand O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -the O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -induced O -proteolytic O -activation O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -from O -the O -rat O -brain O -stem O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -conversion O -rate O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -tyrosine B-Chemical -to O -brain O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydoxylase I-Chemical -activity O -were O -higher O -in O -D O -- O -D O -rats O -as O -compared O -with O -controls O -at O -this O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -to O -an O -oral O -glucose B-Chemical -load O -during O -convalescence O -from O -hypoxia O -in O -newborn O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -infants O -developed O -metabolic O -acidosis O -and O -lactic O -acidemia O -after O -the O -oral O -glucose B-Chemical -load O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolic O -changes O -were O -found O -to O -be O -more O -severe O -in O -infants O -given O -the O -oral O -glucose B-Chemical -load O -early O -in O -their O -convalescence O -and O -in O -those O -infants O -less O -than O -10 O -days O -of O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -indicate O -that O -newborn O -infants O -, O -term O -or O -premature O -, O -tolerate O -glucose B-Chemical -loads O -poorly O -during O -convalescence O -from O -hypoxia O -. O - -aps B-category -Investigation O -revealed O -that O -the O -child O -did O -not O -have O -salicylate B-Chemical -intoxication O -, O -and O -that O -high O -levels O -of O -acetoacetate O -in O -blood O -and O -urine O -were O -giving O -readings O -indicative O -of O -the O -presence O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -on O -routine O -testing O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -present O -evidence O -that O -beta O -- O -ketothiolase O -deficiency O -is O -not O -simply O -a O -defect O -of O -isoleucine O -degradation O -; O -the O -deficient O -enzyme O -is O -the O -K O -+ O -dependent O -short O -- O -chain O -mitochondrial O -thiolase O -, O -which O -also O -plays O -a O -major O -catalytic O -role O -in O -ketone B-Chemical -body O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -rat O -, O -administration O -of O -3 O -- O -( O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydroxy O -) O -- O -L O -- O -phenylalanine O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -) O -simultaneously O -with O -the O -corresponding O -alpha O -- O -keto O -acid O -, O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydroxyphenylpyruvic O -acid O -( O -DHPPA O -) O -, O -gives O -significantly O -higher O -concentrations O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -in O -the O -serum O -and O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -homovanillic O -acid O -in O -the O -brain O -than O -the O -same O -dose O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -DHPPA O -is O -postulated O -to O -increase O -the O -absorption O -of O -intact O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -from O -the O -gut O -by O -preventing O -the O -transamination O -reaction O -between O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -and O -the O -physiological O -alpha O -- O -keto O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracerebral O -injection O -in O -rats O -of O -4 O -microgram O -of O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -neurotoxin O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -was O -used O -to O -deplete O -forebrain O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -to O -less O -than O -10 O -% O -of O -control O -values O -and O -separately O -to O -deplete O -brain O -dopamine B-Chemical -to O -less O -than O -15 O -% O -of O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -duration O -of O -the O -convulsion O -was O -significantly O -increased O -as O -a O -result O -of O -loss O -of O -forebrain O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -doses O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -03 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -) O -or O -guanfacine O -( O -0 O -. O -3 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -) O -were O -administered O -twice O -daily O -during O -three O -weeks O -to O -groups O -of O -normotensive O -and O -renal O -hypertensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -, O -apomorphine B-Chemical -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -response O -of O -the O -isolated O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileum O -to O -exogenous O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -by O -a O -maximum O -of O -40 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -inhibition O -was O -partially O -antagonized O -by O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -pimozide O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -pA2 O -determinations O -showed O -that O -phentolamine B-Chemical -was O -a O -potent O -antagonist O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -but O -a O -weak O -antagonist O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -whilst O -for O -pimozide O -the O -opposite O -was O -true O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -on O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -vas O -deferens O -to O -various O -agonists O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -responses O -of O -NA O -were O -potentiated O -by O -naloxone B-Chemical -( O -3 O -microM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Responses O -induced O -by O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -were O -also O -potentiated O -by O -naloxone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -naloxone B-Chemical -produces O -non O -- O -specific O -potentiation O -, O -by O -promoting O -calcium B-Chemical -influx O -at O -the O -post O -- O -synaptic O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -effects O -were O -observed O -with O -Tween O -80 O -, O -while O -ethanol B-Chemical -caused O -a O -maximum O -decrease O -of O -60 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Antinociceptive O -potency O -ratios O -for O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -and O -( O -- O -) O -- O -4 O -- O -dimethylamino O -- O -2 O -, O -2 O -- O -diphenylpentanoate O -( O -the O -ethyl O -ester O -analogue O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -depletion O -of O -rat O -brain O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -on O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -antinociception O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -levamisole O -on O -the O -cardiac O -responses O -to O -sympathomimetics O -and O -on O -the O -amine B-Chemical -uptake O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -study O -on O -the O -correlation O -of O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -a O -methadone B-Chemical -metabolite O -with O -methadone B-Chemical -metabolism O -and O -analgesia O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Vascular O -release O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Strandard O -laboratory O -rabbits O -which O -are O -not O -genetically O -susceptible O -to O -malignant O -hyperpyrexia O -were O -anesthetized O -with O -either O -halothane B-Chemical -or O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -these O -animals O -became O -rigid O -, O -hyperpyrexic O -, O -acidotic O -and O -hyperkalemic O -, O -whereas O -caffeine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -, O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anesthetized I-Chemical -animals O -developed O -only O -mild O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Monovalent O -cations O -such O -as O -Rb O -+ O -, O -Cs O -+ O -, O -K O -+ O -, O -Tris O -+ O -and O -choline B-Chemical -+ O -decreased O -Na O -+ O -permeability O -when O -present O -at O -the O -vesicle O -outside O -at O -a O -concentration O -range O -of O -10 O -to O -100 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -are O -consistent O -with O -current O -hypotheses O -on O -secretagogue O -- O -induced O -fluid O -secretion O -in O -acinar O -cells O -of O -the O -pancreas O -according O -to O -which O -secretagogues O -elicit O -NaCl B-Chemical -and O -fluid O -secretion O -by O -liberating O -Ca2 O -+ O -from O -cellular O -membranes O -and O -by O -stimulating O -Ca2 O -+ O -influx O -into O -the O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -luminal B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -pump O -finally O -transports O -Na O -+ O -ions O -into O -the O -lumen O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -therapy O -with O -a O -branched O -- O -chain O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -enriched I-Chemical -elemental O -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -, O -well O -- O -studied O -, O -long O -- O -term O -patient O -received O -therapy O -with O -a O -branched O -- O -chain O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -enriched I-Chemical -elemental O -diet O -that O -not O -only O -enabled O -adequate O -nutrition O -with O -protein O -but O -resulted O -in O -improvement O -in O -hepatic O -function O -as O -well O -as O -reversal O -of O -some O -aspects O -of O -hepatic O -encephalopathy O -that O -heretofore O -have O -been O -deemed O -irreversible O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -noradrenergic O -neurons O -originating O -from O -the O -locus O -coeruleus O -( O -LC O -) O -in O -blood O -pressure O -regulation O -was O -studied O -by O -stereotaxic O -administration O -of O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -( O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -) O -into O -the O -LC O -in O -Wistar O -- O -Kyoto O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -induced O -hypertension O -and O -tachycardia O -were O -closely O -correlated O -with O -the O -depletion O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -content O -in O -the O -cortex O -and O -the O -medulla O -- O -pons O -in O -rats O -in O -a O -hypertensive O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -induced O -degeneration O -, O -probably O -mainly O -in O -the O -dorsal O -bundle O -originating O -from O -the O -LC O -and O -in O -the O -LC O -itself O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -procaine B-Chemical -on O -the O -contractility O -of O -the O -bullfrog O -' O -s O -ventricular O -muscle O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -positive O -inotropism O -of O -procaine B-Chemical -was O -not O -induced O -by O -endogenous O -catecholamine B-Chemical -because O -a O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agent O -did O -not O -influence O -this O -twitch O -potentiation O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -contracture O -after O -perfusion O -with O -Ca O -- O -free O -solution O -was O -also O -suppressed O -by O -procaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tonic O -component O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -contracture O -may O -be O -considered O -to O -occur O -with O -intracellular O -Ca O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -give O -evidence O -that O -a O -prolonged O -space O -flight O -induces O -no O -changes O -in O -the O -content O -, O -synthesis O -or O -degradation O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -hypothalamus O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparative O -characterization O -of O -the O -biological O -value O -of O -proteins O -from O -green O -and O -blue O -- O -green O -algae O -, O -bacteria O -, O -and O -microbial O -coenosis O -of O -straw O -mineralizing O -active O -sludge O -is O -given O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -fractional O -composition O -of O -total O -protein O -, O -its O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -, O -and O -affinity O -for O -proteolytic O -enzymes O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -the O -occasional O -patient O -who O -continues O -to O -lose O -weight O -or O -remains O -symptomatic O -even O -after O -reduction O -of O -dietary O -fat O -, O -the O -addition O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -to O -the O -standard O -pancreatin O -treatment O -will O -usually O -provide O -relief O -from O -the O -steatorrhea O -and O -alleviate O -troublesome O -diarrhea O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -C O -- O -6 O -glial O -cells O -and O -NB O -cells O -, O -unincorporated O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -decreased O -, O -whereas O -incorporation O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -into O -protein O -increased O -with O -increasing O -cell O -density O -, O -particularly O -at O -high O -cell O -densities O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -was O -not O -seen O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -or O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Iron B-Chemical -storage O -disease O -, O -diagnosis O -, O -prognosis O -and O -therapy O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Which O -postsynaptic O -action O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -is O -mediated O -by O -cycle O -AMP O -? O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -deficient O -red O -cells O -to O -detect O -a O -dialyzable O -hemolytic O -factor O -produced O -by O -peroxidizing O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Central O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonistic O -activity O -and O -microsomal O -biotransformation O -of O -lisuride O -, O -lergotrile O -and O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -immediate O -and O -direct O -regulation O -of O -insulin O -release O -by O -circulating O -nutrients O -, O -especially O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -is O -thought O -to O -be O -mediated O -in O -the O -pancreatic O -B O -- O -cell O -by O -a O -sequence O -of O -metabolic O -, O -ionic O -, O -and O -motile O -events O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -factors O -are O -considered O -as O -possible O -candidates O -for O -the O -coupling O -between O -these O -metabolic O -changes O -and O -subsequent O -ionic O -events O -such O -as O -altered O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -handling O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -changes O -in O -H O -+ O -fluxes O -may O -account O -for O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -decrease O -in O -K O -+ O -and O -Ca2 O -+ O -fractional O -outflow O -rate O -, O -all O -three O -parameters O -displaying O -hyperbolic O -- O -like O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -with O -half O -- O -maximal O -values O -at O -noninsulinotropic O -glucose B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -for O -these O -parameters O -yield O -a O -sigmoidal O -pattern O -analogous O -to O -that O -which O -depicts O -the O -rate O -of O -insulin O -release O -at O -increasing O -glucose B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glucan O -was O -synthesized O -from O -sucrose B-Chemical -by O -extracellular O -glucosyltransferases O -from O -S O -. O -mutans O -FA O -- O -1 O -and O -was O -highly O -branched O -at O -C O -- O -3 O -and O -C O -- O -6 O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -residues O -, O -containing O -17 O -% O -of O -a O -( O -1 O -leads O -to O -3 O -) O -inter O -- O -chain O -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -Dextran B-Chemical -T2000 O -or O -T10 O -was O -determined O -by O -competition O -between O -the O -labeled O -glucan O -and O -unlabeled O -Dextrans O -for O -the O -binding O -site O -( O -s O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alterations O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -fluorescence O -parametres O -with O -pH O -may O -be O -due O -to O -: O -1 O -) O -conformational O -changes O -; O -2 O -) O -changes O -in O -the O -ionic O -state O -of O -groups O -capable O -of O -quenching O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -fluorescence O -. O - -aps B-category -Double O -- O -stranded O -polyribonucleotide O -compacting O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Photooxidation O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -transaminase O -from O -chicken O -heart O -cytosol O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Photooxidized O -apotransaminase O -retains O -affinity O -to O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -binds O -as O -much O -coenzyme O -as O -the O -native O -apoenzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -affinity O -of O -photooxidized O -holoenzyme O -for O -glutarate O -and O -alpha O -- O -methyl O -aspartate B-Chemical -is O -greatly O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -therapy O -of O -severe O -systemic O -necrotizing O -vasculitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -entering O -the O -study O -, O -all O -patients O -had O -active O -and O -progressive O -disease O -, O -even O -though O -16 O -patients O -had O -been O -receiving O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -that O -had O -caused O -severe O -and O -often O -incapacitating O -toxic O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -of O -fungal O -metabolites O -used O -provokes O -: O -1 O -) O -Growth O -bacterial O -inhibition O -similar O -to O -lethal O -effect O -of O -antibiotics O -2 O -) O -Enlargment O -of O -cell O -volume O -; O -this O -cell O -abnormality O -induction O -resembles O -those O -obtained O -with O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -. O -The O -bioassay O -of O -fungal O -toxins O -with O -B O -. O -thuringiensis O -can O -be O -recommended O -as O -a O -sensitive O -technique O -to O -supplement O -chemical O -characterization O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypothermic O -action O -of O -lisuride O -in O -rats O -and O -differences O -to O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -in O -the O -antagonistic O -effect O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -As O -regards O -dosage O -, O -lisuride O -was O -more O -than O -100 O -times O -more O -effective O -in O -this O -test O -model O -than O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -hypothermic O -effect O -of O -lisuride O -could O -not O -be O -impaired O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -sulpiride B-Chemical -, O -whilst O -the O -effects O -of O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -were O -clearly O -antagonized O -by O -this O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Opiate O -- O -receptors O -in O -substantia O -nigra O -: O -role O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -striatal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -variations O -in O -blood O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -on O -pulmonary O -gas O -exchange O -of O -artificially O -ventilated O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -and O -mixed O -venous O -PO2 O -increased O -and O -( O -PAiO2 O -- O -- O -PaO2 O -) O -decreased O -with O -increasing O -blood O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -analysis O -of O -this O -RNA O -by O -either O -electrophoresis O -on O -polyacrylamide O -- O -agarose O -gels O -or O -centrifugation O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -demonstrated O -that O -BrdUrd O -caused O -a O -shift O -in O -the O -labeled O -HnRNA O -population O -toward O -a O -smaller O -size O -distribution O -. O - -aps B-category -BrdUrd O -did O -not O -alter O -the O -relative O -rates O -of O -uridine B-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -the O -three O -classes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -presented O -permit O -the O -conclusion O -that O -( O -i O -) O -these O -three O -enzymes O -reside O -in O -a O -single O -multifunctional O -220 O -, O -000 O -- O -dalton O -polypeptide O -; O -( O -ii O -) O -the O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamoyltransferase O -activity O -is O -located O -on O -a O -portion O -( O -approximately O -20 O -, O -000 O -daltons O -) O -at O -one O -end O -of O -the O -polypeptide O -; O -( O -iii O -) O -this O -portion O -may O -also O -be O -required O -for O -monomers O -to O -aggregate O -into O -the O -multimeric O -from O -present O -in O -mammalian O -cells O -; O -( O -iv O -) O -the O -mutations O -in O -Urd O -( O -- O -) O -A O -and O -the O -Urd O -( O -- O -) O -A O -revertants O -lie O -in O -the O -structural O -gene O -for O -this O -multifunctional O -protein O -; O -and O -( O -v O -) O -increased O -sensitivity O -to O -proteases O -could O -account O -for O -the O -alterations O -in O -the O -structure O -of O -these O -enzymes O -in O -the O -mutants O -. O - -aps B-category -Translocation O -of O -intracellular O -glutathione B-Chemical -to O -the O -medium O -was O -studied O -in O -lymphoid O -cells O -( O -grown O -in O -tissue O -culture O -) O -that O -have O -very O -high O -, O -very O -low O -, O -or O -intermediate O -levels O -of O -membrane O -- O -bound O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -, O -in O -the O -absence O -and O -presence O -of O -various O -inhibitors O -of O -this O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Translocation O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -does O -not O -seem O -to O -be O -directly O -related O -to O -the O -activity O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Translocation O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -may O -also O -reflect O -operation O -of O -a O -rather O -general O -mechanism O -that O -protects O -and O -maintains O -the O -integrity O -of O -cell O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Digitonin O -- O -solubilized O -frog O -( O -Rana O -pipiens O -) O -erythrocyte O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -, O -purified O -100 O -- O -to O -200 O -- O -fold O -by O -adsorption O -to O -an O -alprenolol O -- O -agarose O -affinity O -support O -and O -specifically O -eluted O -from O -the O -affinity O -resin O -by O -1 O -- O -100 O -mM O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -isoproterenol I-Chemical -, O -were O -used O -to O -immunize O -six O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -competition O -studies O -, O -antibody O -[ O -( O -3 O -) O -H O -] O -dihydroalprenolol O -binding O -was O -found O -to O -display O -a O -specificity O -and O -stereoselectivity O -resembling O -that O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -, O -[ O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -isoproterenol I-Chemical -& O -gt O -; O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -epinephrine I-Chemical -& O -gt O -; O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -norepinephrine I-Chemical -; O -alprenolol O -approximately O -propranolol B-Chemical -& O -gt O -; O -& O -gt O -; O -phentolamine B-Chemical -= O -aloperidol O -; O -and O -( O -- O -) O -isomers O -of O -both O -agonists O -and O -antagonists O -10 O -- O -100 O -times O -more O -potent O -than O -( O -+ O -) O -isomers O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Genetic O -variation O -and O -relative O -catalytic O -efficiencies O -: O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -B O -allozymes O -of O -Fundulus O -heteroclitus O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -the O -pH O -dependence O -and O -the O -temperature O -dependence O -for O -maximal O -catalysis O -were O -indistinguishable O -among O -the O -allozymes O -, O -reaction O -velocities O -at O -low O -pyruvate B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -significantly O -different O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rhizobia O -are O -soil O -microorganisms O -that O -can O -interact O -with O -leguminous O -plants O -to O -form O -root O -nodules O -within O -which O -conditions O -are O -favourable O -for O -bacterial O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fixation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -intracellular O -habitat O -the O -bacteria O -are O -dependent O -upon O -the O -plant O -for O -supplies O -of O -energy O -and O -the O -bacteroids O -, O -in O -particular O -, O -appear O -to O -differentiate O -so O -that O -they O -are O -no O -longer O -able O -to O -utilize O -the O -nitrogen B-Chemical -that O -they O -fix O -. O - -aps B-category -octopine O -( O -N O -- O -alpha O -- O -( O -D O -- O -1 O -- O -carboxyethyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -) O -and O -nopaline O -( O -N O -- O -alpha O -- O -( O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -dicarboxypropyl O -) O -- O -L O -- O -argine O -) O -, O -is O -transferred O -and O -stably O -maintained O -and O -expressed O -in O -the O -transformed O -plant O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -characterization O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -9 O -- O -keto O -reductase O -from O -aorta O -and O -regional O -differences O -in O -its O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -given O -ethanol B-Chemical -in O -their O -drinking O -water O -at O -a O -concentration O -that O -permitted O -adequate O -fluid O -intake O -gradually O -accepted O -higher O -concentrations O -and O -consumed O -larger O -amounts O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Nonsignificant O -changes O -in O -ethanol B-Chemical -consumption O -were O -seen O -with O -injections O -of O -1 O -microgram O -PLG O -, O -or O -0 O -. O -42 O -or O -42 O -microgram O -of O -lysine8 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -vasopressin I-Chemical -( O -LVP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -Experiments O -1 O -and O -2 O -, O -the O -rats O -were O -switched O -from O -forced O -ethanol B-Chemical -intake O -to O -a O -choice O -between O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -tap O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Interaction O -of O -local O -anesthetics O -and O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -with O -membranes O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -paper O -reviews O -and O -discusses O -basic O -knowledge O -of O -biochemical O -mechanisms O -of O -action O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -upon O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -, O -the O -emphasis O -being O -on O -effects O -upon O -cerebral O -membrane O -structures O -and O -processes O -as O -well O -as O -mechanisms O -of O -chemical O -synaptic O -transmission O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Erythrocytes O -in O -patients O -treated O -with O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Mood O -and O -performance O -of O -poor O -sleepers O -during O -repeated O -use O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -cardiac O -protein O -synthesis O -by O -prolonged O -ethanol B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolonged O -ethanol B-Chemical -consumption O -resulted O -in O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -cardiac O -contents O -of O -total O -protiens O -and O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rates O -of O -protein O -synthesis O -measured O -by O -determining O -the O -rates O -of O -( O -U O -- O -14C O -) O -- B-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -cardiac O -proteins O -showed O -that O -chronic O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -feeding I-Chemical -leads O -to O -a O -significant O -inhibition O -of O -protein O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -administration O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -or O -in O -vitro O -addition O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -does O -not O -affect O -the O -cardiac O -protein O -synthesis O -in O -the O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -suggest O -that O -, O -at O -least O -some O -of O -the O -deleterious O -effects O -of O -chronic O -ethanol B-Chemical -consumption O -on O -the O -heart O -may O -be O -exerted O -through O -the O -inhibition O -of O -protein O -synthesis O -in O -the O -cardiac O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuronal O -supersensitivity O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -induced O -by O -kindling O -in O -the O -rat O -hippocampus O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuronal O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -supersensitivity O -is O -correlated O -with O -the O -further O -progression O -of O -kindling O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -alteration O -of O -synaptic O -sensitivity O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -may O -contribute O -to O -kindling O -and O -epileptogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -aqueous O -eluant O -containing O -a O -chiral O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -proline I-Chemical -complex O -effects O -the O -separation O -of O -underivatized O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -enantiomers O -on O -an O -ion O -- O -exchange O -column O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -detection O -and O -quantification O -of O -picomole O -amounts O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -the O -eluant O -is O -monitored O -for O -fluorescence O -after O -reaction O -with O -o O -- O -phthalaldehyde O -, O -a O -reagent O -insensitive O -to O -proline O -but O -highly O -sensitive O -for O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -containing O -a O -primary O -amino B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rat O -liver O -cells O -the O -pathways O -of O -gluconeogenesis O -from O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -13 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labeled I-Chemical -glycerol O -are O -followed O -by O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -13 I-Chemical -NMR O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -purified O -mitochondria O -the O -internal O -and O -external O -concentrations O -of O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -adenosine B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -, O -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -were O -determined O -by O -phosphorus B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -31 I-Chemical -NMR O -while O -the O -pH O -difference O -across O -the O -membrane O -was O -measured O -simultaneously O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -eruption O -and O -accompanying O -fever O -resolved O -upon O -treatment O -with O -aqueous O -penicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Having O -studied O -anaesthetic O -drug O -interactions O -in O -rats O -, O -we O -report O -the O -effects O -of O -halogenated O -anaesthetics O -on O -the O -liver O -glutathione B-Chemical -levels O -and O -histology O -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -results O -of O -the O -enhancement O -of O -these O -effects O -by O -microsomal O -enzyme O -induction O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -exposure O -of O -rats O -to O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -, O -helothane O -and O -ethrane O -produced O -no O -significant O -changes O -in O -hepatic O -glutathione B-Chemical -levels O -, O -or O -in O -liver O -histology O -, O -exposure O -to O -chloroform B-Chemical -and O -fluroxene O -produced O -marked O -depression O -of O -liver O -glutathione B-Chemical -, O -especially O -after O -microsomal O -enzyme O -induction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -reactions O -, O -ultraviolet O -spectra O -and O -phosphorus B-Chemical -content O -of O -solutions O -of O -a O -variety O -of O -commercially O -available O -peptones O -all O -indicated O -, O -predictably O -, O -considerable O -differences O -in O -the O -chemical O -composition O -of O -the O -peptones O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -guanosine B-Chemical -monophosphate O -response O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -stimulation O -of O -gastric O -alkaline O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Potentiation O -of O -fluroxene O -( O -2 O -, O -2 O -, O -2 O -- O -trifluoroethyl O -vinyl O -ether B-Chemical -) O -toxicity O -with O -polychlorinated O -biphenyls O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -Michaelis O -constants O -for O -3 O -beta O -- O -HSD O -with O -the O -substrates O -pregnenolone O -( O -delta O -5P O -) O -and O -dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical -( O -DHA O -) O -were O -170 O -nM O -and O -nM O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Competitive O -inhibitors O -( O -pregnenolone O -substrate O -) O -included O -: O -ethynylestradiol O -( O -inhibition O -constant O -Ki O -= O -7 O -. O -3 O -nM O -) O -, O -DHA O -( O -Ki O -= O -46 O -nM O -) O -, O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17 I-Chemical -beta O -( O -Ki O -= O -46 O -nM O -) O -, O -cholesterol B-Chemical -( O -Ki O -= O -0 O -. O -68 O -microM O -) O -and O -16 O -alpha O -- O -hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone O -( O -16 O -alphaOHDHA O -) O -( O -Ki O -= O -2 O -. O -2 O -microM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -- O -Ene O -- O -3 O -- O -ketosteroids O -such O -as O -androstenedione O -, O -progesterone B-Chemical -( O -delta O -4P O -) O -, O -norethindrone O -and O -chlormadinone O -acetate O -acted O -as O -noncompetitive O -inhibitors O -towards O -both O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -of O -studies O -on O -proton O -metabolism O -in O -mitochondria O -of O -the O -guinea O -pig O -lungs O -and O -liver O -with O -application O -of O -benemycin O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -succinate O -show O -that O -benemycin O -does O -not O -affect O -the O -metabolism O -of O -protons O -in O -the O -lungs O -and O -liver O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -using O -sodium B-Chemical -succinate O -for O -reducing O -the O -effect O -of O -benemycin O -on O -theorganism O -it O -is O -found O -that O -sodium B-Chemical -succinate O -inhibits O -the O -utilization O -of O -protons O -of O -the O -lungs O -and O -liver O -mitochondria O -in O -state O -3 O -according O -to O -Chance O -and O -activates O -this O -release O -in O -state O -4 O -, O -thus O -favouring O -an O -increase O -in O -their O -concentration O -in O -the O -extra O -- O -mitochondrial O -space O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -paper O -deals O -with O -stability O -of O -Aspergillus O -aryzae O -alpha O -- O -amylase O -immobilized O -on O -CM O -- O -and O -AE O -- O -celluloses O -using O -N O -, O -N O -' O -- O -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide O -by O -means O -of O -binding O -through O -its O -amine B-Chemical -or O -carboxylic O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -biocarbonate O -concentration O -in O -rabbit O -blood O -and O -tissues O -rise O -, O -the O -activity O -of O -cytoplasmic O -NADP O -- O -isocytrate O -dehydrogenase O -and O -NADP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -malate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -of O -the O -liver O -lowers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -NAD B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -malate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -the O -soluble O -fraction O -of O -the O -rabbit O -liver O -and O -kidney O -increases O -with O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -level O -within O -the O -same O -limits O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -protein O -fraction O -, O -which O -did O -not O -contain O -NADP O -[ O -or O -NADPH B-Chemical -] O -- O -dependent O -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductase O -as O -well O -as O -NAD O -[ O -or O -NADP O -] O -- O -dependent O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -, O -but O -which O -catalyzed O -oxidation O -of O -fatty O -- O -aromatic O -aldehydes O -, O -was O -isolated O -from O -extract O -of O -rat O -liver O -tissue O -using O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -fractionation O -combined O -with O -gradient O -syvorptive O -chromatography O -on O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -A O -- O -25 O -[ O -or O -Molselect O -DEAE O -- O -25 O -] O -, O -CM O -- O -Sephadex O -C O -- O -25 O -and O -gel O -- O -filtration O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -. O - -aps B-category -Aldehyde O -dehydrogenases O -as O -well O -as O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -are O -involved O -in O -oxidation O -of O -fatty O -- O -aromatic O -aldehydes O -to O -corresponding O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -besides O -the O -reduction O -of O -the O -aldehydes O -to O -alcohols O -, O -catalyzed O -by O -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductase O -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -low O -serum O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -levels O -the O -renal O -threshold O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -is O -normal O -, O -while O -urinary O -pH O -levels O -are O -high O -even O -with O -values O -below O -the O -threshold O -. O - -aps B-category -by O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -urinary O -pCO2 O -tension O -is O -not O -significantly O -greater O -in O -distal O -RTA O -, O -indicating O -a O -failure O -of O -the O -cells O -of O -the O -distal O -nephron O -to O -secrete O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -even O -without O -a O -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -present O -time O -, O -Benzodiazepines O -are O -definitely O -preferred O -, O -whereas O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -, O -anti O -- O -depressant O -and O -the O -older O -drugs O -are O -to O -be O -taken O -secondarly O -in O -account O -. O - -aps B-category -Deranged O -tyrosine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -cirrhosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitatively O -minor O -pathways O -, O -in O -large O -part O -extrahepatic O -, O -are O -: O -tyrosine B-Chemical -→ O -tyramine O -→ O -octopamine O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -→ O -dopa O -→ O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O -In O -cirrhosis O -, O -the O -main O -hepatic O -pathway O -is O -blocked O -to O -varying O -degrees O -at O -the O -first O -three O -stages O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypertyrosinemia O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -intolerance O -result O -. O -With O -the O -main O -hepatic O -pathway O -partially O -blocked O -, O -an O -abnormally O -large O -amount O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -passes O -into O -the O -normally O -minor O -extrahepatic O -pathway O -leading O -to O -the O -false O -neurotransmitters O -tyramine O -and O -octopamine O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -. O -11 O -. O -1 O -. O -6 O -) O -activity O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -lipid O -peroxidation O -have O -been O -measured O -in O -liver O -microsomes O -from O -normal O -and O -acatalasemic O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -the O -natural O -substrate O -, O -acetylated O -( O -1 O -leads O -to O -4 O -) O -- O -2 O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galacturonan I-Chemical -( O -Vi O -polysaccharide O -, O -Vi O -antigen O -) O -, O -and O -a O -variety O -of O -structural O -analogues O -, O -the O -following O -conclusions O -about O -the O -substrate O -specificity O -of O -the O -Vi O -phage O -III O -deacetylase O -( O -acetyl O -- O -alpha O -- O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -galacturonan O -acylhydrolase O -) O -were O -reached O -: O -( O -a O -) O -acetylated O -galacturonan O -is O -as O -good O -a O -substrate O -as O -acetylated O -aminogalacturonan O -; O -( O -b O -) O -of O -the O -two O -substrate O -diastereomers O -, O -acetylated O -alpha O -- O -L O -- O -guluronan O -( O -also O -1 O -ax O -leads O -to O -4 O -ax O -- O -linked O -units O -, O -but O -with O -axial O -acetyl O -residues O -at O -C O -- O -3 O -) O -, O -and O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -mannuronan O -( O -1 O -eq O -leads O -to O -4 O -eq O -- O -linkages O -, O -and O -axial O -acetyl O -groups O -at O -C O -- O -2 O -) O -, O -only O -the O -former O -was O -acted O -upon O -, O -possibly O -indicating O -a O -specificity O -for O -the O -conformation O -of O -the O -polymer O -rather O -than O -for O -the O -configuration O -of O -the O -single O -residues O -; O -( O -c O -) O -all O -acyl O -analogues O -tested O -, O -O O -- O -monofluoroacetyl O -, O -O O -- O -propionyl O -, O -and O -O O -- O -butyryl O -galacturonan O -, O -were O -inert O -, O -showing O -a O -high O -degree O -of O -specificity O -for O -O O -- O -acetyl O -; O -( O -d O -) O -the O -oligomers O -, O -acetylated O -tri O -- O -and O -digalacturonic O -acid O -, O -as O -well O -as O -methyl O -- O -alpha O -- O -D O -- O -galacturonide O -, O -were O -still O -deacetylated O -, O -although O -more O -slowly O -, O -demonstrating O -tolerance O -of O -the O -enzyme O -of O -substrate O -size O -. O - -aps B-category -Yeast O -sodium B-Chemical -nucleinate O -promotes O -a O -softening O -and O -reverse O -development O -of O -some O -deficital O -symptoms O -( O -mainly O -in O -an O -emotional O -- O -volutional O -sphere O -) O -, O -decreasing O -the O -threshold O -of O -sensitivity O -to O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -7 O -weeks O -, O -the O -level O -of O -urea B-Chemical -in O -the O -serum O -remained O -increased O -( O -by O -approximately O -30 O -% O -) O -contrary O -to O -the O -decreased O -level O -of O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -the O -gamma O -- O -GT O -activity O -in O -the O -serum O -, O -and O -the O -GSH O -level O -in O -some O -organs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -agonists O -were O -blocked O -by O -the O -unselective O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonist O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -Inderal O -) O -and O -by O -the O -selective O -beta1 O -- O -antagonist O -metoprolol B-Chemical -( O -Seloken O -, O -Lopressor O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthetic O -analogues O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effective O -management O -of O -the O -acute O -psychotic O -patient O -: O -stabilization O -and O -maintenance O -with O -haloperidol B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Tricyclic O -antidepressant B-Chemical -and O -cardiovascular O -drug O -interactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -can O -reverse O -the O -antihypertensive O -effect O -of O -guanethidine B-Chemical -and O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Myocardial O -depression O -may O -occur O -with O -lidocaine B-Chemical -, O -phenytoin B-Chemical -or O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -pharmacology O -of O -the O -new O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenergic I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -pharmacology O -of O -the O -new O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenergic I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -immunoenzymatic O -localization O -provides O -a O -simple O -way O -to O -show O -antigens O -in O -mammalian O -tissues O -, O -with O -no O -need O -for O -the O -quenching O -of O -endogenous O -nonspecific O -staining O -. O - -aps B-category -Improvement O -of O -this O -technic O -by O -the O -use O -of O -p O -- O -nitro O -blue O -tetrazolium O -chloride B-Chemical -( O -NBT O -) O -as O -the O -disclosing O -reagent O -provides O -a O -stable O -, O -finely O -grained O -localization O -not O -possible O -with O -the O -previously O -used O -thiazolyl O -blue O -( O -MTT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Diagnostic O -value O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -agar O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -they O -are O -easily O -distinguished O -by O -citrate B-Chemical -agar O -electrophoresis O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Expression O -of O -the O -fragile O -sites O -is O -inhibited O -by O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -thymidine B-Chemical -, O -folinic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -and O -probably O -bromodeoxyuridine O -, O -and O -induced O -by O -methrotrexate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -pH O -and O -time O -on O -the O -stability O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -in O -dextrose B-Chemical -5 O -% O -in O -water O -( O -D5W O -) O -injection O -and O -in O -dextrose B-Chemical -5 O -% O -in O -0 O -. O -45 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -injection O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -of O -the O -carrier O -solutions O -was O -adjusted O -to O -2 O -, O -4 O -or O -9 O -prior O -to O -adding O -the O -heparin B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -No O -substantial O -changes O -in O -heparin B-Chemical -activity O -over O -the O -24 O -- O -hour O -period O -occurred O -with O -any O -of O -the O -pH O -- O -adjusted O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -carrier O -solutions O -, O -over O -a O -pH O -range O -of O -2 O -to O -9 O -, O -appear O -to O -be O -suitable O -vehicles O -for O -heparin B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -One O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -study O -contained O -important O -design O -and O -reporting O -deficiencies O -which O -precluded O -a O -recommendation O -for O -use O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -the O -lack O -of O -data O -supportive O -of O -analgesic O -activity O -and O -the O -adverse O -reactions O -associated O -with O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -, O -use O -of O -these O -agents O -in O -the O -management O -of O -pain O -should O -be O -discouraged O -. O - -aps B-category -Fetal O -recovery O -was O -prompt O -after O -maternal O -agitation O -was O -terminated O -, O -either O -by O -removal O -of O -the O -stimulus O -or O -by O -sedation O -with O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -or O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -describes O -the O -effect O -of O -systemic O -administration O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonists O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -and O -salbutamol B-Chemical -on O -the O -secretory O -cell O -populations O -in O -seven O -regions O -of O -rat O -airway O -epithelium O -( O -three O -extrapulmonary O -and O -four O -intrapulmonary O -) O -and O -on O -the O -size O -of O -salivary O -glands O -and O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absolute O -number O -of O -secretory O -cells O -is O -greatest O -in O -the O -most O -peripheral O -region O -after O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -administration O -and O -in O -the O -most O -proximal O -region O -after O -salbutamol B-Chemical -, O -although O -both O -drugs O -produce O -the O -greatest O -relative O -increase O -at O -the O -periphery O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -significantly O -increases O -the O -size O -of O -the O -parotid O -and O -submaxillary O -glands O -; O -salbutamol B-Chemical -increases O -the O -size O -of O -the O -parotid O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -Informed O -consent O -for O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -investigate O -the O -relation O -between O -gastric O -transmucosal O -potential O -difference O -, O -ionic O -flux O -, O -and O -the O -intraluminal O -concentration O -of O -H O -+ O -, O -test O -solutions O -containing O -various O -concentrations O -of O -HCl O -were O -instilled O -into O -ferret O -stomachs O -both O -before O -and O -after O -exposure O -to O -various O -doses O -of O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Assay O -for O -lipid O -peroxides B-Chemical -in O -animal O -tissues O -by O -thiobarbituric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -44 O -patients O -not O -given O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -82 O -% O -had O -a O -gastric O -pH O -less O -than O -2 O -. O -5 O -with O -a O -mean O -pH O -of O -1 O -. O -6 O -; O -45 O -% O -of O -these O -patients O -had O -a O -gastric O -aspirate O -pH O -less O -than O -2 O -. O -5 O -associated O -with O -a O -volume O -exceeding O -25 O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -patients O -given O -intravenous O -cimetidine B-Chemical -( O -mean O -4 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -45 O -minutes O -prior O -to O -induction O -of O -anesthesia O -, O -90 O -% O -had O -a O -gastric O -pH O -greater O -than O -2 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Massive O -blood O -replacement O -: O -correlation O -of O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -citrate B-Chemical -, O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -, O -electroencephalographic O -, O -and O -pharmacokinetic O -studies O -of O -a O -water O -- O -soluble O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -, O -midazolam B-Chemical -maleate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -, O -in O -doses O -sufficient O -to O -maintain O -blood O -pressure O -at O -control O -values O -( O -20 O -- O -- O -40 O -micrgram O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -) O -for O -3 O -- O -- O -5 O -min O -, O -further O -decreased O -uterine O -blood O -flow O -to O -56 O -per O -cent O -less O -than O -control O -and O -increased O -uterine O -vascular O -resistance O -to O -50 O -per O -cent O -more O -than O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -changes O -in O -maternal O -- O -- O -fetal O -pH O -on O -the O -transplacental O -equilibrium O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -They O -increased O -the O -maternal O -- O -fetal O -pH O -gradient O -in O -each O -of O -six O -pregnant O -ewes O -from O -a O -control O -value O -of O -0 O -. O -15 O -to O -0 O -. O -54 O -by O -hyperventilating O -the O -lungs O -of O -the O -ewe O -and O -infusing O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -into O -her O -fetus O -. O - -aps B-category -H O -- O -2 O -histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -additions O -on O -the O -development O -of O -a O -productive O -strain O -of O -P O -. O -nigricans O -Thom O -and O -on O -the O -level O -of O -adenylates O -in O -its O -mycelium O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -the O -maximum O -yield O -of O -the O -mycelium O -could O -be O -obtained O -with O -addition O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -once O -at O -the O -moment O -of O -inoculation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -NaNO3 O -in O -the O -mixture O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -eliminated O -inhibition O -and O -increased O -the O -ratio O -of O -ATP O -to O -ADP O -and O -the O -antibiotic O -yield O -. O - -aps B-category -Aminoglycoside B-Chemical -phosphotransferase O -was O -isolated O -from O -the O -mycelium O -of O -Act O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -divalent O -cations O -tested O -could O -replace O -the O -magnesium B-Chemical -ions O -in O -the O -reaction O -of O -phosphorylation O -catalyzed O -by O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -fradiae O -differs O -from O -the O -described O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' O -- O -phosphotransferases O -isolated O -from O -antibiotic O -resistant O -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -Neomycin O -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -obtained O -as O -a O -result O -of O -neomycin O -phosphorylation O -with O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphotransferase I-Chemical -from O -Act O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -results O -of O -the O -chemical O -analysis O -, O -IR O -- O -and O -NMR O -- O -spectrometry O -neomycin O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -neamine O -phosphate B-Chemical -obtained O -from O -it O -by O -methanolysis O -were O -identified O -as O -neomycin O -- O -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -neamine O -- O -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -exhibited O -optimal O -activity O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -7 O -and O -24 O -C O -. O -Km O -for O -UDP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -was O -0 O -. O -12 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -RAG O -- O -1 O -produced O -an O -extracellular O -nondialyzable O -emulsifying O -agent O -when O -grown O -on O -hexadecane O -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -or O -acetate O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adsorbed O -virus O -were O -eluted O -with O -glycine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NaOH I-Chemical -, O -pH O -9 O -. O -5 O -to O -11 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Viruses O -were O -eluted O -from O -soil O -by O -mechanical O -agitation O -in O -high O -pH O -glycine B-Chemical -buffer O -containing O -ethylenediaminetetraacetic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -yeast O -appeared O -to O -be O -limited O -in O -the O -compounds O -it O -can O -utilize O -as O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -sources O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -limitations O -in O -its O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -nutrition O -are O -difficult O -to O -evaluate O -as O -ecological O -factors O -in O -its O -colonization O -of O -the O -natural O -habitat O -. O - -aps B-category -Inactivation O -kinetics O -of O -poliovirus O -type O -1 O -in O -ozone B-Chemical -demand O -- O -free O -water O -was O -investigated O -by O -utilizing O -a O -fast O -- O -flow O -mixing O -apparatus O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -altering O -the O -rate O -of O -introduction O -and O -/ O -or O -tube O -length O -, O -different O -contact O -periods O -between O -ozone B-Chemical -and O -virus O -could O -be O -determined O -with O -an O -accuracy O -of O -0 O -. O -01 O -s O -. O -Inactivation O -of O -the O -poliovirus O -occurred O -in O -two O -steps O -. O - -aps B-category -Alkalinization O -within O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -during O -the O -uptake O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -retention O -in O -the O -Storz O -rigid O -ventilating O -bronchoscope O -with O -the O -Hopkins O -lens O -system O -was O -investigated O -in O -the O -laboratory O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -significant O -change O -in O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -under O -the O -same O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -prospective O -assessment O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -minoxidil B-Chemical -on O -the O -ECG O -was O -carried O -out O -in O -a O -series O -of O -80 O -patients O -with O -severe O -hypertension O -, O -representing O -an O -observation O -of O -139 O -. O -6 O -patient O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Concomitant O -with O -the O -initiation O -of O -minoxidil B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -ECG O -changes O -consisting O -of O -flattening O -or O -inversion O -of O -the O -T O -waves O -, O -ranging O -from O -slight O -to O -very O -marked O -, O -were O -observed O -in O -90 O -% O -of O -the O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -randomized O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -study O -utilizing O -a O -within O -- O -subjects O -design O -on O -20 O -hospitalized O -, O -psychiatric O -patients O -who O -participated O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -amobarbital O -interviews O -to O -determine O -if O -the O -drug O -has O -a O -specific O -effect O -in O -eliciting O -clinically O -useful O -information O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -schizophrenia O -and O -schizoaffective O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -GE O -scintiscan O -is O -a O -safe O -, O -noninvasive O -technique O -, O -in O -our O -experience O -, O -GE O -reflux O -was O -demonstrated O -only O -in O -those O -patients O -in O -whom O -reflux O -was O -easily O -verified O -by O -barium B-Chemical -swallow O -, O -esophagoscopy O -, O -or O -esophageal O -mucosal O -biopsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Verapamil B-Chemical -in O -the O -management O -of O -hypertensive O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -six O -hypertensive O -patients O -on O -no O -therapy O -, O -14 O -on O -beta O -blockers O -and O -eight O -on O -methyldopa B-Chemical -were O -more O -satisfactorily O -controlled O -when O -verapamil B-Chemical -was O -substituted O -for O -the O -initial O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -bivalent O -cations O -on O -phosphate B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -via O -the O -Na O -+ O -- O -independent O -transport O -system O -is O -accompanied O -by O -a O -net O -proton O -influx O -of O -2H O -+ O -and O -an O -efflux O -of O -1 O -K O -+ O -for O -each O -phosphate B-Chemical -ion O -taken O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -bivalent O -cations O -on O -phosphate B-Chemical -uptake O -can O -be O -ascribed O -to O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -surface O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -choline B-Chemical -kinase O -and O -ethanolamine O -kinase O -are O -present O -in O -the O -cytosol O -of O -nerve O -endings O -prepared O -from O -rat O -brain O -are O -the O -products O -of O -their O -action O -, O -phosphocholine O -( O -84 O -nmol O -/ O -g O -fresh O -wt O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -for O -choline B-Chemical -is O -2 O -. O -6mM O -and O -for O -ethanolamine O -is O -2 O -. O -2mM O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -change O -in O -lipid O -bilayer O -of O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -as O -observed O -by O -spin O -- O -labeled O -phosphatidylcholine O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -DNA O -repair O -replication O -by O -hydroxyurea O -in O -human O -lymphoblastoid O -cells O -mediated O -by O -liver O -microsomes O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Tyrosine O -hydroxylase O -regulation O -in O -rat O -striatal O -and O -olfactory O -tubercle O -slices O -- O -- O -I O -. O -Activation O -induced O -by O -exposure O -to O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -and O -high B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -magnesium I-Chemical -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Enflurane B-Chemical -and O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ATP O -- O -induced O -rise O -in O -chlorophyll O -fluorescence O -yield O -was O -found O -to O -be O -of O -similar O -magnitude O -as O -the O -rise O -induced O -by O -3 O -- O -( O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dichlorophenyl O -) O -- O -1 O -, O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dimethyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -( O -DCMU O -) O -, O -when O -both O -were O -measured O -with O -an O -extremely O -weak O -measuring O -beam O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -external O -alkalinisation O -delta O -pHe O -, O -or O -the O -rate O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -evolution O -vO2 O -, O -of O -a O -suspension O -of O -envelope O -- O -free O -chlorplasts O -was O -correlated O -with O -their O -internal O -acidification O -, O -estimated O -from O -the O -transmembrane O -delta O -pHei O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -function O -of O -the O -plastoquinone O -pool O -as O -a O -possible O -pump O -for O -vectorial O -hydrogen B-Chemical -( O -H O -+ O -+ O -e O -- O -) O -transport O -across O -the O -thylakoid O -membrane O -has O -been O -investigated O -in O -isolated O -spinach O -chloroplasts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -differences O -between O -this O -hydrogen B-Chemical -pump O -of O -chloroplasts O -and O -the O -proton O -pump O -of O -Halobacteria O -are O -outlined O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -change O -in O -fluorescence O -intensity O -can O -be O -detected O -when O -glucose B-Chemical -is O -added O -to O -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide O -treated O -organisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Intestinal O -transport O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -folate B-Chemical -was O -studied O -using O -everted O -sacs O -of O -rat O -jejunum O -. O - -aps B-category -Chromatographic O -analysis O -of O -folate B-Chemical -compounds O -in O -the O -serosal O -compartment O -after O -a O -60 O -min O -incubation O -with O -folate B-Chemical -in O -the O -mucosal O -medium O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -phosohate O -buffer O -indicated O -that O -metabolism O -of O -folate B-Chemical -to O -5 O -- O -methyltetrahydrofolate O -was O -extensive O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -and O -negligible O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -indicate O -that O -folate B-Chemical -transport O -in O -rat O -jejunum O -occurs O -by O -an O -energy O -- O -dependent O -, O -carried O -- O -mediated O -system O -and O -that O -both O -folate B-Chemical -transport O -and O -intestinal O -conversion O -of O -folate B-Chemical -to O -5 O -- O -methyltetrahydrofolate O -are O -pH O -- O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -of O -bound O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -could O -be O -increased O -by O -incubating O -tRNA O -from O -B O -. O -licheniformis O -or O -Escherichia O -coli O -with O -CTP O -and O -phosphatidic O -acid O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -S O -- O -30 O -extract O -from O -either O -organism O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -, O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -competitors O -as O -well O -as O -of O -specific O -inhibitors O -show O -this O -enzyme O -to O -be O -identical O -to O -the O -well O -- O -known O -kidney O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltranspeptidase O -( O -( O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -) O -- O -peptide O -: O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -. O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -may O -be O -related O -to O -the O -low O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -to O -stearic O -acid O -ratios O -found O -in O -brains O -of O -phenylketonuric O -persons O -and O -experimentally O -phenylketonuric O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -430 O -nm O -band O -intensity O -increases O -as O -the O -proportion O -of O -low O -spin O -iron B-Chemical -increases O -, O -reaching O -a O -maximum O -with O -the O -cyanide O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -enzymes O -are O -autolytic O -when O -active O -and O -are O -inhibited O -by O -p O -- O -chloromercuribenzoate O -, O -iodoacetic O -acid O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -tetrathionate O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -notable O -differences O -in O -their O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -compositions O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -reaction O -mechanism O -accounts O -for O -the O -low O -recoveries O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -obtained O -from O -the O -alkaline O -hydrolysis O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -thiohydantoins O -. O - -aps B-category -Circular O -dichroic O -spectra O -were O -measured O -for O -three O -analogues O -of O -deamino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxytocin I-Chemical -of O -different O -ring O -sizes O -where O -the O -disulfide O -group O -of O -oxytocin B-Chemical -is O -replaced O -by O -the O -( O -CH2 O -) O -n O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -dependence O -of O -the O -circular O -dichroism O -spectra O -indicates O -that O -the O -conformation O -of O -[ O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -aminoazelaic O -acid O -] O -oxytocin B-Chemical -is O -different O -from O -those O -of O -others O -and O -the O -temperature O -dependency O -reveals O -that O -the O -conformation O -of O -[ O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -aminopimelic O -acid O -] O -oxytocin B-Chemical -is O -most O -rigid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -preparation O -was O -judged O -to O -be O -homogeneous O -by O -non O -- O -denaturing O -electrophoresis O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -and O -denaturing O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -conclusion O -that O -strains O -of O -zooxanthellae O -differ O -in O -their O -ability O -to O -enhance O -growth O -of O -Aiptasia O -polyps O -under O -the O -experimental O -conditions O -and O -that O -these O -differences O -may O -have O -important O -ecological O -consequences O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -for O -the O -preparation O -of O -a O -homogenous O -catalytic O -subunit O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -- O -dependent O -protein O -kinase O -from O -pigeon O -breast O -muscle O -was O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -may O -be O -assumed O -that O -the O -pH O -optimum O -of O -the O -enzyme O -inactivation O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -chloromethylpyrophosphonate O -and O -the O -protective O -effect O -of O -ATP O -suggest O -covalent O -binding O -of O -the O -imidazole O -ring O -in O -the O -enzyme O -active O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -exchange O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -during O -NADP O -+ O -photoreduction O -by O -isolated O -pea O -chloroplasts O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -possibility O -for O -calculation O -of O -the O -ration O -between O -the O -pseudocyclic O -electron O -transport O -and O -the O -total O -electron O -transport O -based O -on O -oxygen B-Chemical -exchange O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NaN3 O -and O -catalase O -, O -was O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -Alterations O -of O -the O -fine O -structure O -and O -androgen B-Chemical -secretion O -of O -interstitial O -cells O -in O -the O -experimentally O -cryptorchid O -rat O -testis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -agents O -capable O -of O -increasing O -the O -axoplasmic O -Ca O -concentration O -( O -ions O -K O -+ O -, O -hypertonic O -sucrose B-Chemical -and O -uncoupler O -- O -- O -TTFB O -) O -caused O -the O -usual O -increase O -of O -MEPP O -frequency O -in O -the O -muscles O -treated O -with O -PhLA O -. O - -aps B-category -Ether O -, O -ftorotan O -, O -hexenal O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -thiopental I-Chemical -administered O -immediately O -after O -irradiation O -reduce O -the O -time O -of O -ensuing O -side O -position O -by O -8 O -- O -14 O -% O -, O -its O -duration O -being O -decreased O -by O -15 O -- O -48 O -% O -as O -compared O -to O -the O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ultrasonic O -absorption O -of O -sickle O -cells O -was O -compared O -with O -the O -morphological O -changes O -in O -these O -cells O -are O -produced O -by O -varying O -oxygen B-Chemical -tensions O -and O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prognosis O -of O -alcoholism O -is O -more O -favourable O -than O -generally O -assumed O -, O -especially O -if O -it O -is O -possible O -to O -early O -recognize O -patients O -with O -alcohol B-Chemical -problems O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -functional O -antagonisms O -between O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -and O -ACTH B-Chemical -? O - -aps B-category -Action O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -receptor O -agonists O -and O -antagonists O -on O -the O -rat O -uterus O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -Histamine B-Chemical -had O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -the O -contractions O -elicited O -by O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Conversely O -, O -all O -the O -H2 O -- O -agonists O -showed O -activity O -in O -the O -order O -of O -potency O -: O -N O -' O -- O -methylhistamine O -greater O -than O -histamine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -N O -' O -- O -N O -' O -- O -dimethylhistamine O -greater O -than O -5 O -- O -methylhistamine O -greater O -than O -5 O -- O -methyl O -- O -N O -' O -- O -methylhistamine O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -The O -data O -obtained O -suggest O -that O -in O -the O -rat O -uterus O -, O -( O -a O -) O -the O -activation O -of O -H2 O -- O -receptors O -is O -responsible O -for O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -its O -analogues O -; O -( O -b O -) O -the O -integrity O -of O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -molecule O -seems O -to O -be O -less O -crucial O -than O -that O -of O -the O -dimaprit O -molecule O -for O -the O -maintenance O -of O -the O -H2 O -- O -activity O -, O -since O -changes O -in O -its O -structure O -modify O -but O -do O -not O -abolish O -the O -biological O -activity O -as O -they O -do O -in O -the O -case O -of O -dimaprit O -; O -( O -c O -) O -the O -order O -of O -activity O -of O -the O -various O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -agonists O -is O -different O -from O -that O -observed O -in O -other O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -GABA B-Chemical -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -were O -released O -from O -neuronal O -perikarya O -, O -but O -not O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -or O -serotonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -extending O -and O -confirming O -the O -results O -of O -an O -earlier O -study O -, O -cortical O -monoamines B-Chemical -exhibit O -topographically O -specific O -patterns O -of O -distribution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distribution O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -is O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -except O -that O -the O -highest O -concentrations O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -are O -found O -in O -somatosensory O -cortex O -instead O -of O -prefrontal O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -distribution O -of O -its O -metabolite O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -is O -complementary O -to O -that O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -: O -the O -concentration O -is O -lowest O -in O -prefrontal O -cortex O -and O -highest O -in O -posterior O -regions O -of O -the O -telencephalon O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -may O -be O -significant O -that O -synthesis O -rates O -for O -the O -catecholamines B-Chemical -are O -especially O -high O -in O -various O -areas O -of O -association O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Changes O -in O -some O -enzymatic O -parameters O -in O -the O -serum O -of O -rats O -under O -tourniquet O -shock O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -antihistaminics O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -experiments O -were O -carried O -out O -to O -determine O -whether O -administration O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -to O -biotin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -chicks O -induced O -fatty O -liver O -and O -kidney O -syndrome O -( O -FLKS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -biotin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -chicks O -did O -not O -show O -physical O -symptoms O -of O -deficiency O -although O -mean O -liver O -biotin B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -low O -( O -0 O -. O -31 O -microgram O -/ O -g O -liver O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -is O -described O -for O -determination O -of O -the O -titratable O -hydroxide O -ion O -in O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -precipitates O -. O - -aps B-category -Paracoccus O -denitrificans O -was O -grown O -in O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -aerobic O -continuous O -culture O -( O -critical O -dilution O -rate O -( O -Dc O -) O -= O -0 O -. O -48 O -h O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurements O -of O -the O -stoichiometry O -of O -proton O -translocation O -associated O -with O -the O -oxidation O -of O -endogenous O -substrates O -yielded O -a O -ratio O -of O -protons O -ejected O -from O -the O -cell O -per O -atom O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumed O -( O -leads O -to O -H O -+ O -: O -O O -) O -of O -8 O -. O -55 O -which O -decreased O -to O -5 O -. O -85 O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -piericidin O -A O -( O -PA O -) O -, O -a O -specific O -inhibitor O -of O -NADH O -dehydrogenase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -6 O -. O -99 O -. O -3 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -denitrificans O -possesses O -three O -sites O -of O -energy O -conservation O -, O -including O -site O -III O -, O -( O -b O -) O -the O -number O -of O -protons O -ejected O -during O -the O -transfer O -of O -one O -pair O -of O -reducing O -equivalents O -along O -a O -region O -of O -the O -electron O -transport O -chain O -equivalent O -to O -a O -single O -energy O -- O -coupling O -site O -is O -3 O -, O -and O -( O -c O -) O -that O -sulphate O -limitation O -does O -not O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -loss O -of O -proton O -translocation O -associated O -with O -the O -cytochrome O -- O -independent O -region O -of O -the O -respiratory O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -quantitative O -transfer O -of O -tritium O -from O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -[ O -4 O -- O -3H O -] O -NADPH B-Chemical -to O -UDP O -- O -N O -- O -acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine O -to O -form O -UDP O -- O -N O -- O -E13H O -] O -acetylmuramic O -acid O -was O -also O -observed O -, O -which O -clearly O -shows O -that O -the O -enzyme O -is O -not O -a O -flavoprotein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -nitrilotriacetic O -acid O -on O -solubilities O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -, O -copper B-Chemical -, O -manganese O -, O -and O -iron B-Chemical -in O -the O -stomach O -of O -sheep O -. O - -aps B-category -Higher O -concentration O -of O -soluble O -zinc B-Chemical -, O -manganese O -, O -and O -iron B-Chemical -but O -not O -copper B-Chemical -, O -were O -found O -in O -the O -rumen O -of O -the O -sheep O -when O -they O -were O -dosed O -with O -nitrilotriacetic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentrations O -of O -soluble O -zinc B-Chemical -and O -manganese O -in O -the O -rumen O -increased O -, O -whereas O -copper B-Chemical -decreased O -, O -during O -the O -first O -2 O -h O -after O -feeding O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -neutral O -or O -alkaline O -pH O -, O -the O -enzyme O -was O -stable O -at O -temperatures O -below O -37 O -degrees O -C O -but O -was O -inactivated O -at O -55 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -RNase O -was O -inhibited O -by O -mercury O -and O -cobalt B-Chemical -and O -stimulated O -by O -magnesium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -rats O -or O -rats O -bearing O -Morris O -hepatoma O -5123C O -( O -intact O -) O -, O -5123C O -( O -adrenalectomized O -) O -, O -7794A O -, O -7800 O -, O -8999 O -, O -9121 O -, O -or O -9618A O -were O -fed O -a O -purified O -diet O -either O -deficient O -or O -adequate O -for O -vitamin B-Chemical -B6 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -demonstrated O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -cysteine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -independent I-Chemical -inactivating O -system O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -hepatomas O -5123C O -( O -adrenalectomized O -) O -, O -7800 O -, O -8999 O -, O -and O -9121 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -cysteine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -inactivating O -system O -for O -the O -enzyme O -was O -present O -in O -all O -host O -livers O -and O -hepatomas O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -properties O -of O -uridine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytidine I-Chemical -kinase O -from O -a O -human O -malignant O -lymphoma O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -- O -pressure O -liquid O -chromatographic O -analysis O -showed O -much O -greater O -formation O -of O -dihydrodiols O -, O -quinones O -, O -and O -phenols B-Chemical -by O -microsomes O -from O -smokers O -. O - -aps B-category -Sephadex O -LH O -- O -20 O -analysis O -of O -DNA O -binding O -resulted O -in O -only O -one O -major O -benzo O -( O -a O -) O -pyrene O -- O -DNA O -adduct O -when O -microsomes O -from O -smokers O -were O -used O -; O -this O -peak O -corresponds O -to O -benzo O -( O -a O -) O -pyrene O -7 O -, O -8 O -- O -diol O -- O -9 O -, O -10 O -- O -oxide O -bound O -to O -DNA O -nucleoside B-Chemical -( O -s O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -rats O -( O -175 O -g O -) O -were O -given O -30 O -mg O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -in O -their O -food O -daily O -for O -35 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -days O -3 O -, O -4 O -, O -6 O -, O -and O -7 O -after O -the O -treatment O -period O -the O -specific O -binding O -and O -specific O -binding O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -diazepam B-Chemical -was O -double O -that O -of O -the O -control O -binding O -and O -specific O -binding O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -was O -1 O -. O -67 O -times O -that O -of O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -An O -analytical O -study O -of O -2 O -- O -ethylamino O -- O -1 O -- O -/ O -3 O -- O -trifluormethylphenyl O -/ O -- O -propane O -( O -chloride B-Chemical -fenfluramine B-Chemical -; O -chloride B-Chemical -trifluethamine O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzymatic O -digests O -of O -succinyl O -- O -globin O -contain O -new O -free O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -groups O -reacting O -with O -ninhydrin O -. O - -aps B-category -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -chromatography O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -) O -of O -human O -heart O -extracts O -revealed O -the O -presence O -of O -three O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -isoenzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -looked O -for O -variables O -that O -could O -serve O -as O -indexes O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -consumption O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -calculation O -of O -the O -coefficients O -of O -correlation O -between O -the O -total O -amount O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -consumed O -and O -the O -10 O -variables O -studied O -, O -together O -with O -multiple O -regression O -analysis O -, O -showed O -that O -the O -three O -variables O -that O -correlated O -most O -significantly O -with O -alcohol B-Chemical -consumption O -were O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -, O -mean O -erythrocyte O -volume O -, O -and O -the O -use O -of O -tobacco O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -highly O -sensitive O -, O -simple O -determination O -of O -serum O -iron B-Chemical -and O -binding O -capacity O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -on O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -and O -other O -agents O -for O -sleep O -EEG O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -equiblocking O -doses O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -left O -ventricular O -performance O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -the O -relative O -intravenous O -potency O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -nor O -the O -comparative O -effects O -of O -the O -2 O -drugs O -on O -left O -ventricular O -performance O -has O -been O -studied O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -effects O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -on O -left O -ventricular O -performances O -are O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -radioreceptor O -assay O -for O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -given O -as O -a O -rapid O -intravenous O -injection O -) O -required O -to O -increase O -the O -resting O -heart O -rate O -by O -25 O -bpm O -( O -I25 O -) O -increased O -with O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -related O -to O -the O -concentration O -of O -free O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -recent O -publication O -suggested O -that O -antinuclear O -antibodies O -( O -ANA O -) O -occur O -in O -up O -to O -one O -third O -of O -patients O -treated O -with O -the O -hypotensive O -drug O -prazosin B-Chemical -( O -Minipress O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Excluding O -patients O -taking O -methyldopa B-Chemical -( O -a O -drug O -associated O -with O -a O -high O -ANA O -incidence O -) O -, O -the O -ANA O -incidence O -fell O -to O -6 O -. O -9 O -% O -in O -the O -prazosin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -group O -and O -to O -7 O -. O -2 O -% O -of O -all O -treated O -hypertensives O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -the O -data O -by O -age O -and O -sex O -confirmed O -our O -conclusion O -that O -prazosin B-Chemical -therapy O -is O -not O -accompanied O -by O -an O -increase O -in O -ANA O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -DES O -( O -diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical -) O -Task O -Force O -formed O -in O -February O -by O -the O -Office O -of O -the O -Assistant O -Secretary O -for O -Health O -, O -examined O -the O -health O -effects O -of O -DES O -in O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Responses O -of O -snail O -muscle O -fibres O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -photoperiod O -, O -cold O -acclimation O -and O -melatonin B-Chemical -on O -the O -white O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -treatment O -as O -well O -as O -cold O -exposure O -on O -mitochondrial O -enzyme O -activities O -of O -the O -adipose O -tissue O -in O -a O -guinea O -- O -pig O -( O -Cavia O -porcellus O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -chronic O -guanethidine B-Chemical -on O -the O -sympathetic O -nervous O -system O -of O -mouse O -and O -toad O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biological O -mechanisms O -through O -which O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -influence O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -and O -produce O -depression O -were O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -level O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -is O -influenced O -in O -the O -following O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -Depression O -is O -associated O -with O -lower O -levels O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -tryptamine O -, O -and O -perhaps O -tryptophan B-Chemical -in O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -possibly O -lower O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -levels O -by O -1 O -) O -decreasing O -tyrosine B-Chemical -; O -2 O -) O -influencing O -coenzymes O -necessary O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -production O -; O -and O -3 O -) O -increasing O -monoamine O -oxidase O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Decreased O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -levels O -may O -inhibit O -the O -release O -of O -gonadotrophin O -- O -releasing O -hormones O -, O -and O -these O -hormones O -may O -in O -turn O -influence O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -Postischemic O -brain O -oxygenation O -with O -barbiturate B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Seventeen O -rats O -were O -immobilized O -and O -mechanically O -ventilated O -on O -1 O -% O -halothane B-Chemical -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -with O -continuous O -monitoring O -of O -PtO2 O -, O -ECG O -, O -end O -- O -expiratory O -CO2 O -, O -rectal O -temperature O -, O -and O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Postischemia O -, O -nine O -control O -rats O -( O -11 O -PtO2 O -measurements O -) O -were O -untreated O -and O -eight O -rats O -( O -8 O -PtO2 O -measurements O -) O -received O -thiopental B-Chemical -90 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -Relative O -frequency O -histograms O -of O -PtO2 O -revealed O -that O -PtO2 O -in O -thiopental B-Chemical -treated O -rats O -was O -lower O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -between O -15 O -and O -30 O -min O -postischemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Multivariate O -symptom O -analysis O -related O -to O -response O -to O -lorazepam B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -of O -the O -patients O -showed O -a O -favourable O -response O -to O -lorazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -one O -explanation O -of O -inter O -- O -trial O -differences O -in O -the O -percentages O -of O -patients O -improved O -by O -lorazepam B-Chemical -may O -be O -that O -they O -are O -due O -to O -differences O -in O -the O -diagnostic O -composition O -of O -the O -patient O -populations O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -were O -carried O -out O -in O -normal O -healthy O -male O -subjects O -to O -assess O -the O -effects O -on O -psychomotor O -functions O -and O -subjective O -ratings O -of O -performance O -after O -acute O -administration O -of O -azatadine O -maleate B-Chemical -, O -a O -potent O -antihistamine O -with O -additional O -antiserotonin O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -0 O -. O -5 O -percent O -solution O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -had O -the O -highest O -pH O -( O -13 O -. O -0 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Employing O -a O -modification O -of O -the O -in O -vivo O -model O -of O -a O -liquid O -- O -filled O -canine O -lung O -, O -we O -measured O -the O -movement O -of O -substances O -of O -specific O -sizes O -( O -albumin O -, O -69 O -, O -000 O -daltons O -with O -a O -molecular O -radius O -of O -35 O -A O -; O -and O -dextran B-Chemical -with O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -150 O -, O -000 O -to O -170 O -, O -000 O -and O -an O -approximate O -molecular O -radius O -of O -100 O -A O -) O -from O -the O -pulmonary O -capillary O -blood O -to O -the O -liquid O -- O -filled O -lung O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -since O -histamine B-Chemical -has O -been O -implicated O -as O -a O -possible O -humoral O -mediator O -leading O -to O -increased O -permeability O -of O -alveolar O -membranes O -, O -the O -levels O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -were O -measured O -in O -pulmonary O -liquids O -and O -blood O -in O -all O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Reduction O -of O -myocardial O -reperfusion O -damage O -using O -hypocalcemic O -, O -hyperkalemic O -, O -alkaline O -blood O -during O -post O -- O -ischemic O -oxygen B-Chemical -resaturation O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -enzymes O -with O -a O -regulatory O -function O -in O -the O -pathways O -of O -glycolysis O -, O -gluconeogenesis O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -generation O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -was O -measured O -in O -the O -placenta O -and O -liver O -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rates O -of O -activity O -disappearance O -over O -11 O -days O -of O -gestation O -differed O -for O -each O -enzyme O -, O -with O -half O -- O -lives O -ranging O -from O -2 O -. O -7 O -days O -for O -NADP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -malate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -to O -7 O -days O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -regression O -in O -placental O -metabolic O -capacity O -after O -day O -15 O -of O -gestation O -was O -also O -evident O -by O -the O -decrease O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -its O -channelling O -to O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -CO2 O -, O -glycerol O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -insulin O -deficiency O -induced O -by O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -failed O -to O -elicit O -adaptive O -changes O -in O -placental O -enzyme O -activities O -typical O -of O -diabetes O -like O -those O -occurring O -in O -the O -maternal O -liver O -; O -some O -converse O -responses O -in O -the O -placenta O -were O -attributed O -to O -hyperglycaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -in O -vivo O -failed O -to O -stimulate O -cAMP B-Chemical -but O -significantly O -increased O -cGMP B-Chemical -; O -in O -vitro O -they O -affected O -neither O -adenylate O -cyclase O -nor O -guanylate O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -changes O -, O -while O -not O -specifically O -localized O -to O -the O -acid O -- O -producing O -cells O -, O -are O -consistent O -with O -the O -suggestion O -that O -the O -control O -of O -canine O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -may O -be O -mediated O -by O -changes O -in O -mucosal O -cAMP B-Chemical -and O -cGMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pathogenesis O -of O -duodenal O -ulceration O -produced O -by O -cysteamine O -or O -propionitrile O -: O -influence O -of O -vagotomy O -, O -sympathectomy O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -depletion O -, O -H O -- O -2 O -receptor O -antagonists O -and O -hormones O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -duodenal O -ulcers O -induced O -by O -the O -administration O -of O -propionitrile O -or O -cysteamine O -was O -abolished O -by O -vagotomy O -, O -decreased O -by O -sympathectomy O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -depletion O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -H O -- O -2 O -receptor O -antagonists O -, O -hypophysectomy O -, O -thyroidectomy O -, O -or O -adrenalectomy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -investigate O -the O -effect O -of O -ipratropium B-Chemical -bromide I-Chemical -in O -antigen O -induced O -bronchial O -obstruction O -8 O -series O -of O -investigations O -were O -performed O -in O -patients O -with O -extrinsic O -asthma O -using O -bronchial O -provocation O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -correlation O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -ipratropium B-Chemical -bromide I-Chemical -with O -bronchial O -reactivity O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -basal O -values O -and O -antigen O -induced O -obstruction O -as O -well O -as O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -dependency O -could O -be O -ascertained O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -protective O -application O -of O -ipratropium B-Chemical -bromide I-Chemical -before O -antigen O -inhalation O -led O -to O -prevention O -of O -obstructions O -did O -disodium O -cromoglycate O -. O - -aps B-category -Cefuroxime O -is O -a O -new O -semisynthetic O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -for O -parenteral O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Cefuroxime O -is O -the O -most O -active O -of O -the O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -against O -gonococci O -and O -Haemophilus O -influenzae O -particularly O -against O -beta O -- O -lactamase O -producing O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -parkinsonism O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -movement O -are O -accompanied O -by O -biochemical O -changes O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -, O -consistent O -with O -the O -idea O -that O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -has O -a O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonist I-Chemical -action O -in O -the O -basal O -ganglia O -and O -also O -in O -the O -mesolimbic O -system O -and O -hypothalamus O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -barbiturates O -with O -diverse O -time O -- O -action O -characteristics B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thiopental I-Chemical -, O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -, O -butabarbital O -, O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -, O -diphenylbarbiturate O -, O -and O -barbital O -- O -- O -were O -evaluated O -for O -" O -anticonvulsant O -" O -and O -" O -neurotoxic O -" O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Pentobarbital B-Chemical -required O -at O -least O -neurotoxic O -doses O -to O -produce O -substantial O -" O -anticonvulsant O -" O -activity O -, O -its O -protective O -index O -ranging O -from O -0 O -. O -79 O -to O -0 O -. O -98 O -in O -the O -three O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -Drugs O -, O -alcohol B-Chemical -and O -driving O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -drugs O -alone O -are O -not O -as O -important O -as O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Anticholinergics O -, O -antihistamines O -, O -antidepressants B-Chemical -, O -antipsychotics O -, O -phenybutazone O -, O -indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -, O -and O -beta O -- O -blockers O -may O -in O -some O -cases O -cause O -central O -side O -effects O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -Discontinuous O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -centrifugation O -and O -digitonin O -fractionation O -of O -rat O -liver O -mitochondria O -demonstrated O -that O -a O -palmitoyl O -- O -CoA O -hydrolase O -was O -associated O -with O -the O -matrix O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -monoxide O -and O -of O -nitrite B-Chemical -with O -deoxyhaemocyanin O -and O -methaemocyanin O -of O -Helix O -pomatia O -. O - -aps B-category -Methaemocyanin O -yielded O -, O -moreover O -, O -reversibly O -a O -nitrite B-Chemical -derivative O -, O -characterized O -by O -a O -triplet O -signal O -at O -g O -= O -4 O -with O -7 O -hyperfine O -lines O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -pH O -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -methyl O -proton O -resonances O -show O -that O -the O -titration O -of O -His O -- O -87 O -in O -the O -isolated O -alpha O -subunit O -is O -accompanied O -by O -a O -significant O -conformational O -change O -which O -involves O -loosening O -of O -the O -protein O -structure O -but O -which O -is O -not O -a O -normal O -unfolding O -transition O -. O - -aps B-category -Electron O -paramagnetic O -resonance O -spectra O -at O -8 O -- O -60 O -K O -of O -NADH O -- O -reduced O -membrane O -particles O -prepared O -from O -Paracoccus O -denitrificans O -grown O -anaerobically O -with O -nitrate B-Chemical -as O -terminal O -electron O -acceptor O -show O -the O -presence O -of O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfur I-Chemical -centers O -1 O -- O -4 O -in O -the O -NADH O -- O -ubiquinone O -segment O -of O -the O -respiratory O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulphate O -- O -limited O -growth O -under O -anaerobic O -conditions O -does O -not O -affect O -the O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfur I-Chemical -pattern O -of O -NADH O -dehydrogenase O -or O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -Proton O -translocation O -studies O -of O -whole O -cells O -indicate O -that O -nitrite B-Chemical -increases O -the O -proton O -conductance O -of O -the O -cytoplasmic O -membrane O -, O -resulting O -in O -a O -collapse O -of O -the O -proton O -gradient O -across O -the O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -the O -low O -efficiencies O -of O -respiratory O -chain O -- O -linked O -energy O -conservation O -observed O -during O -nitrate B-Chemical -respiration O -[ O -Arch O -. O - -aps B-category -Transfer O -in O -vitro O -of O -three O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -across O -the O -human O -placenta O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -transport O -fraction O -was O -calculated O -for O -each O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -and O -was O -compared O -with O -reference O -substances O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relatively O -high O -transfer O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -nordiazepam O -can O -be O -attributed O -to O -their O -high O -lipid O -solubility O -, O -and O -the O -lower O -transfer O -of O -clorazepate O -is O -due O -to O -its O -polar O -nature O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -rifampicin B-Chemical -on O -norethisterone B-Chemical -pharmacokinetics O -. O - -aps B-category -Rifampicin B-Chemical -caused O -a O -significant O -reduction O -in O -the O -A O -. O -U O -. O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -plasma O -norethisterone B-Chemical -half O -life O -( O -beta O -- O -phase O -) O -was O -also O -reduced O -from O -6 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -7 O -to O -3 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -h O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -0025 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Rifampicin B-Chemical -caused O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -antipyrine O -clearance O -, O -6 O -beta O -- O -hydroxycortisol O -excretion O -and O -plasma O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltranspeptidase O -activity O -but O -there O -was O -no O -significant O -correlations O -between O -changes O -in O -these O -indices O -of O -liver O -microsomal O -enzyme O -induction O -. O - -aps B-category -during O -rifampicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -norethisterone B-Chemical -were O -studied O -in O -a O -group O -of O -women O -being O -treated O -with O -rifampicin B-Chemical -during O -and O -after O -cessation O -of O -treatment O -with O -the O -rifampicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -of O -the O -group O -was O -also O -receiving O -long O -- O -term O -contraceptive O -steroid B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -and O -in O -the O -plasma O -norethisterone B-Chemical -half O -life O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -changes O -as O -appeared O -during O -the O -study O -are O -compatible O -with O -the O -known O -enzyme O -- O -inducing O -effect O -of O -rifampicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -has O -previously O -been O -attributed O -to O -the O -kinetics O -of O -the O -estrogen B-Chemical -component O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -concentrations O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -prolactin O -did O -not O -change O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -- O -Adrenoceptor O -blocking O -effects O -and O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -pindolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -levels O -of O -pindolol B-Chemical -were O -also O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -pharmacokinetics O -and O -beta O -- O -blocking O -effects O -of O -pindolol B-Chemical -in O -Africans O -are O -not O -dissimilar O -from O -published O -data O -for O -other O -races O -. O - -aps B-category -Blockage O -of O -catheters O -is O -thought O -to O -be O -due O -to O -intraluminal O -salt B-Chemical -precipitations O -with O -trapping O -of O -clumps O -, O -and O -is O -primarily O -not O -correlated O -with O -urine O -viscosity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -effects O -of O -atenolol B-Chemical -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -tachycardia O -, O -broncho O -- O -relaxation O -and O -vasodilatation O -were O -investigated O -in O -the O -reserpinized O -and O -anaesthetized O -cat O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -propranolol B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -bronchodilation O -and O -vasodilation O -responses O -to O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -in O -the O -same O -dose O -range O -as O -it O -blocked O -the O -heart O -rate O -response O -, O -atenolol B-Chemical -and O -metoprolol B-Chemical -had O -to O -be O -given O -in O -considerably O -higher O -doses O -to O -block O -these O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -statistically O -significant O -difference O -in O -the O -degree O -of O -selectivity O -was O -found O -between O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -atenolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -serotonin B-Chemical -as O -agonist O -, O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -difference O -in O -- O -- O -log O -ED50 O -values O -for O -intracranial O -arteries O -( O -basilar O -8 O -. O -70 O -, O -middle O -cerebral O -8 O -. O -72 O -) O -vs O -. O -extracranial O -( O -lateral O -nasal O -8 O -. O -15 O -; O -facial O -8 O -. O -14 O -) O -and O -peripheral O -( O -branch O -of O -saphenous O -8 O -. O -14 O -) O -arteries O -. O - -aps B-category -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Prazosin I-Chemical -binding O -to O -membranes O -from O -rat O -brain O -is O -saturable O -, O -Bmax O -, O -77 O -fmol O -/ O -mg O -protein O -, O -of O -high O -affinity O -, O -KD O -, O -0 O -. O -28 O -nM O -and O -with O -a O -drug O -specificity O -indicating O -that O -it O -labels O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -mercuric O -chloride B-Chemical -on O -renal O -brush O -border O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Conditions O -for O -isolating O -tricresyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -TCF O -) O -from O -cadaveric O -material O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -solubilized O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -from O -dog O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -of O -sterol B-Chemical -synthesis O -by O -anesthetics O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diffuse O -neuroendocrine O -system O -is O -constituted O -by O -the O -cells O -, O -now O -more O -than O -40 O -in O -number O -, O -of O -the O -central O -and O -peripheral O -divisions O -of O -the O -amine B-Chemical -precursor O -uptake O -and O -decarboxylation O -( O -APUD O -) O -series O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha O -- O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -blocking O -agents O -phentolamine B-Chemical -and O -dibenzyline O -abolished O -the O -inhibitory O -action O -of O -the O -native O -forms O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -( O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -) O -on O -the O -enzymatic O -activity O -under O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -obtained O -indicate O -the O -existence O -of O -alpha O -- O -- O -type O -adrenoreceptors O -in O -the O -brain O -mitochondria O -which O -can O -be O -responsible O -for O -the O -regulatory O -influences O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -on O -functional O -activity O -of O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -Physical O -and O -serological O -comparison O -and O -hybridization O -of O -isozymes O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -from O -primates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -long O -- O -term O -clinical O -effects O -of O -pipotiazine O -palmitate O -were O -tested O -in O -206 O -men O -and O -women O -who O -were O -either O -not O -responding O -well O -to O -their O -previous O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -therapy O -or O -who O -were O -negligent O -about O -pursuing O -protracted O -oral O -drug O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -doses O -were O -somewhat O -lower O -than O -those O -usually O -reported O -in O -the O -literature O -, O -however O -all O -but O -a O -few O -patients O -received O -oral O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -or O -antidepressants B-Chemical -concomitantly O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -corticosterone B-Chemical -levels O -were O -increased O -after O -injection O -of O -methiothepin O -, O -methysergide B-Chemical -, O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -) O -, O -but O -were O -not O -changed O -by O -cholinergic O -, O -adrenergic O -, O -and O -dopaminergic O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Afunctional O -relationship O -between O -plasma O -corticosterone B-Chemical -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -receptors O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -in O -the O -3 O -- O -day O -- O -old O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -between O -acute O -gastric O -ulcer O -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -mucosal O -erosions O -in O -the O -rat O -: O -the O -significance O -of O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Gastric O -ulcer O -was O -induced O -by O -application O -of O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -to O -a O -limited O -area O -of O -the O -stomach O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulus O -- O -secretion O -coupling O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -insulin O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -resembled O -that O -characterising O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -secondary O -rise O -in O -45Ca O -efflux O -, O -displaying O -a O -sigmoidal O -pattern O -with O -a O -half O -- O -maximal O -value O -at O -glucose B-Chemical -7 O -. O -5 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -. O - -aps B-category -Except O -for O -the O -fall O -in O -ATP O -concentration O -and O -ATP O -/ O -ADP O -ratio O -found O -at O -very O -low O -glucose B-Chemical -concentrations O -( O -zero O -to O -1 O -. O -7 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -) O -no O -effect O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -8 O -- O -27 O -. O -8 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -) O -upon O -the O -steady O -- O -state O -concentration O -of O -adenine O -nucleotides O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -no O -significant O -effect O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -upon O -intracellular O -pH O -was O -detected O -by O -the O -5 O -, O -5 O -- O -dimethyloxazolidine O -- O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dione O -method O -, O -the O -net O -release O -of O -H O -+ O -was O -markedly O -increased O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -with O -a O -hyperbolic O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -( O -half O -- O -maximal O -response O -at O -glucose B-Chemical -2 O -. O -9 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -) O -similar O -to O -that O -characterising O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -initial O -fall O -in O -45Ca O -efflux O -. O - -aps B-category -Electron O -microscopic O -radioautographic O -identification O -of O -the O -ECL O -cell O -as O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -synthesizing I-Chemical -endocrine O -cell O -in O -the O -rat O -stomach O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -recent O -study O -, O -however O -, O -we O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -ECL O -but O -not O -the O -A O -- O -like O -cell O -exhibited O -APUD O -ability O -when O -rat O -gastric O -mucosa O -was O -incubated O -with O -H3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -and O -studied O -by O -EM O -radioautography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -labeling O -of O -ECL O -cells O -was O -only O -modestly O -reduced O -by O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -protein O -synthesis O -, O -whereas O -the O -labeling O -of O -A O -- O -like O -and O -other O -endocrine O -cells O -was O -almost O -abolished O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubations O -with O -H3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -histamine I-Chemical -( O -50 O -muCi O -, O -0 O -. O -9 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -failed O -to O -label O -endocrine O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Prifinium O -bromide B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -the O -irritable O -colon O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Insulin O -secretion O -from O -the O -in O -situ O -perfused O -pancreas O -of O -the O -European O -silver B-Chemical -eel O -, O -Anguilla O -anguilla O -L O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimization O -of O -the O -conditions O -for O -hepatocyte O -culture O -was O -monitored O -by O -[ O -3H O -] O -thymidine B-Chemical -incorporation O -. O - -aps B-category -Exposure O -of O -H O -- O -4 O -- O -IIE O -- O -C3 O -rat O -hepatoma O -cell O -cultures O -to O -the O -synthetic O -glucocorticoid O -, O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -, O -results O -in O -an O -inhibition O -of O -cellular O -proliferation O -which O -is O -not O -the O -result O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -cytolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -the O -karyotypes O -of O -unselected O -and O -resistant O -cultures O -shows O -that O -the O -selection O -process O -enriches O -for O -a O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -subpopulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Kidney O -function O -and O -morphology O -, O -systolic O -blood O -pressure O -, O -hematocrit O -, O -serum O -electrolytes O -, O -creatinine B-Chemical -and O -urea B-Chemical -were O -studied O -as O -different O -times O -of O -recirculation O -. O - -aps B-category -Much O -of O -the O -activation O -with O -capsular O -polysaccharides O -was O -eliminated O -by O -the O -use O -of O -ethyleneglycol O -- O -bis O -( O -beta O -- O -aminoethyl O -ether B-Chemical -) O -- O -N O -, O -N O -' O -- O -tetraacetic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Modification O -of O -antibody O -response O -to O -type O -III O -pneumopolysaccharide O -by O -route O -of O -injection O -of O -pertussis B-Chemical -vaccine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -superoxide B-Chemical -production O -of O -BCG O -- O -infected O -and O -noninfected O -alveolar O -macrophages O -was O -measured O -by O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -- O -inhibitable O -nitro O -blue O -tetrazolium O -reduction O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -production O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -in O -alveolar O -macrophages O -exposed O -to O -pulmonary O -washings O -was O -increased O -and O -not O -appreciably O -influenced O -by O -BCG O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -now O -present O -evidence O -that O -enhanced O -production O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -contributes O -to O -such O -inhibition O -, O -especially O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -catalase O -at O -acid O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protease O -preparation O -had O -a O -280 O -/ O -260 O -nm O -absorbance O -ratio O -of O -1 O -. O -8 O -, O -was O -free O -of O -detectable O -amounts O -of O -endotoxin O -, O -carbohydrate O -, O -phosphorus B-Chemical -, O -and O -other O -known O -extracellular O -enzymes O -of O -S O -. O -marcescens O -, O -and O -was O -homogeneous O -by O -Ouchterlony O -double O -immunodiffusion O -and O -Grabar O -- O -Williams O -immunoelectrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -contained O -a O -high O -percentage O -of O -acidic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -no O -cysteine B-Chemical -, O -and O -1 O -g O -- O -atom O -of O -Zn O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -and O -7 O -g O -- O -atoms O -of O -Ca O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -per O -mol O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -previously O -shown O -that O -the O -transitional O -cells O -lining O -the O -urinary O -bladder O -are O -capable O -of O -producing O -glycosaminoglycan B-Chemical -( O -GAG O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -analyzed O -in O -depth O -the O -manner O -by O -which O -heparin B-Chemical -prevents O -the O -rise O -in O -adherence O -seen O -when O -the O -mucin O -is O -removed O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -corroborate O -our O -impression O -that O -the O -heparin B-Chemical -was O -coating O -the O -transitional O -cells O -, O -[ O -3H O -] O -heparin B-Chemical -was O -added O -to O -bladders O -after O -removal O -of O -mucin O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -hypothesis O -linking O -these O -three O -factors O -is O -presented O -: O -viz O -, O -that O -a O -major O -risk O -factor O -for O -testis O -cancer O -is O -a O -relative O -excess O -of O -certain O -hormones O -( O -in O -particular O -estrogen B-Chemical -) O -at O -the O -time O -of O -differentiation O -of O -the O -testes O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -lytic O -effects O -of O -four O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -analogues O -in O -the O -chacma O -baboon O -( O -Papio O -ursinus O -ursinus O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -was O -then O -collected O -serially O -every O -3 O -h O -for O -three O -samples O -and O -again O -at O -24 O -, O -48 O -, O -and O -72 O -h O -to O -determine O -the O -continued O -effect O -of O -the O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -analogues O -on O -corpus O -luteum O -production O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -and O -kallikrein O -on O -cryo O -- O -preserved O -human O -spermatozoa O -. O - -aps B-category -Ejaculated O -human O -spermatozoa O -show O -an O -increased O -motility O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -, O -a O -phosphodiesterase O -inhibitor O -, O -and O -pancreatic O -kallikrein O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -21 O -. O -8 O -) O -, O -a O -kinin O -- O -producing O -proteinase O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolactin O -levels O -and O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -treatment O -of O -short O -luteal O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -SEM O -) O -duration O -of O -luteal O -phase O -was O -9 O -. O -9 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -days O -in O -control O -cycles O -, O -and O -11 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -and O -12 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -3 O -days O -in O -two O -successive O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -cycles O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -show O -that O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -may O -be O -effective O -even O -when O -no O -apparent O -indication O -for O -prolactin O -suppression O -can O -be O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -forty O -cases O -Tamoxifen B-Chemical -was O -administered O -: O -the O -ovulation O -rate O -was O -95 O -% O -and O -the O -pregnancy O -rate O -was O -35 O -% O -, O -but O -the O -abortion O -rate O -was O -35 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -abortion O -in O -the O -131 O -pregnancies O -obtained O -was O -14 O -. O -68 O -% O -with O -Clomiphene O -; O -none O -with O -Cisclomiphene O -; O -11 O -. O -11 O -% O -with O -Cyclophenil O -, O -and O -35 O -. O -10 O -% O -with O -Tamoxifen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -androstenedione O -, O -and O -estradiol B-Chemical -17beta O -levels O -were O -measured O -in O -20 O -normal O -men O -and O -in O -20 O -patients O -with O -idiopathic O -oligospermia O -before O -and O -after O -iv O -hCG O -( O -5 O -, O -000 O -IU O -) O -and O -synthetic O -LH O -- O -RH O -( O -50 O -microgram O -) O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxygen O -binding O -of O -fetal O -and O -adult O -bovine O -hemoglobin O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -organic O -phosphates O -and O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -riboside O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -neither O -adult O -nor O -fetal O -bovine O -red O -cells O -contained O -an O -identifiable O -compound O -which O -affects O -the O -binding O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -to O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -distinct O -isoenzymes O -of O -acid O -phosphatase O -have O -been O -separated O -from O -extracts O -of O -m O -. O -gastrocnemius O -of O -normal O -and O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -deficient O -rabbits O -by O -gel O -filtration O -and O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoenzyme O -III O -splits O -only O -4 O -- O -methylumbelliferyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -the O -activity O -is O -not O -increased O -in O -the O -muscles O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -deficient O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -broad O -- O -spectrum O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotic O -complex O -, O -sporaricin O -. O - -aps B-category -Sporaricin O -A O -is O -highly O -active O -against O -Gram O -- O -positive O -and O -Gram O -- O -negative O -bacteria O -including O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -antibiotic O -showed O -a O -resistance O -to O -heat O -, O -acid O -, O -alkali B-Chemical -and O -proteolytic O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Tetracycline O -accumulation O -by O -the O -phototrophic O -bacterium O -Rhodopseudomonas O -sphaeroides O -has O -been O -studied O -, O -using O -the O -fluorescence O -properties O -of O -the O -antibiotic O -and O -measuring O -uptake O -of O -[ O -7 O -- O -3H O -] O -tetracycline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -growth O -kinetics O -of O -Rhodotorula O -rubra O -, O -a O -small O -yeast O -of O -marine O -origin O -, O -were O -examined O -by O -analysis O -of O -32P O -distributions O -in O -continuous O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -Pi O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -metabolic O -intermediates O -leaked O -from O -cells O -during O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -Streptococcus O -sanguis O -recipient O -cells O -with O -rifampin B-Chemical -( O -RIF O -) O -at O -the O -time O -of O -deoxyribonucleic O -acid O -( O -DNA O -) O -addition O -was O -an O -effective O -means O -of O -reducing O -discrimination O -, O -that O -is O -, O -of O -causing O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -number O -of O -transformants O -induced O -by O -irreversibly O -bound O -heterospecific O -DNA O -without O -significantly O -changing O -the O -number O -induced O -by O -bound O -homospecific O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -pili O -were O -resistant O -to O -the O -gentle O -Folin O -- O -Ciocalteau O -reagent O -methods O -for O -protein O -detection O -and O -were O -not O -readily O -solubilized O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfoxide O -to O -methionine B-Chemical -by O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -verified O -by O -showing O -that O -a O -cell O -- O -free O -extract O -of O -E O -. O -coli O -catalyzes O -the O -conversion O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfoxide O -to O -methionine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Soil O -sediment O -enrichment O -cultures O -yielded O -a O -coryneform O -bacterium O -capable O -of O -growing O -in O -a O -mineral O -salts O -solution O -with O -acetylene O -gas O -as O -its O -only O -source O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -energy O -. O - -aps B-category -N O -. O -rhodochrous O -exhibits O -a O -growth O -factor O -requirement O -for O -the O -pyrimidine O -moiety O -of O -thiamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -particulate O -enzyme O -was O -inactivated O -by O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -could O -be O -reactivated O -with O -dithionite O -or O -glucose B-Chemical -plus O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrogenase O -activity O -was O -inhibited O -by O -p O -- O -hydroxymercuribenzoate O -, O -cyanide O -, O -chloroform B-Chemical -, O -and O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -exogenous O -cyclic O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cGMP B-Chemical -) O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -to O -a O -free O -- O -living O -culture O -of O -Rhizobium O -japonicum O -3I1b110 O -was O -found O -to O -completely O -inhibit O -the O -expression O -of O -nitrogenase O -activity O -and O -markedly O -inhibit O -the O -expression O -of O -hydrogenase O -and O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -on O -the O -in O -vivo O -incorporation O -of O -radioactive O -methionine B-Chemical -and O -subsequent O -analysis O -of O -the O -labeled O -proteins O -on O -polyacrylamide O -gels O -showed O -that O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -nitrogenase O -polypeptides O -was O -inhibited O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intracellular O -level O -of O -cGMP B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -respond O -to O -physiological O -changes O -in O -the O -cell O -, O -and O -there O -was O -a O -fall O -in O -cGMP B-Chemical -concentrations O -when O -nitrogenase O -was O -induced O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunochemical O -characterization O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -Neurospora O -crassa O -glutamine B-Chemical -auxotrophs O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -genetic O -studies O -indicated O -that O -the O -mutations O -responsible O -for O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -auxotrophy O -are O -allelic O -and O -map O -in O -chromosome O -V O -. O -When O -measured O -in O -crude O -extracts O -, O -both O -mutant O -strains O -had O -lower O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -specific O -activity O -than O -that O -found O -in O -the O -wild O -- O -type O -strain O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -monomer O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -of O -both O -mutants O -was O -found O -to O -be O -of O -a O -molecular O -weight O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -the O -wild O -- O -type O -strain O -. O - -aps B-category -Organization O -and O -transfer O -of O -heterologous O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -and O -tetracycline B-Chemical -resistance O -genes O -in O -pneumococcus O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -transforming O -activity O -of O -cat O -was O -relatively O -stable O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanisms O -of O -Li O -+ O -stimulation O -of O -proline O -transport O -were O -studied O -in O -cells O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -7 O -and O -NR70 O -, O -a O -mutant O -of O -strain O -7 O -lacking O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Inactivation O -of O -the O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -during O -carbon B-Chemical -starvation O -occurs O -with O -a O -simultaneous O -loss O -of O -enzyme O -protein O -and O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -reduced O -form O -) O -- B-Chemical -nitrate I-Chemical -reductase O -was O -freed O -from O -ammonium B-Chemical -repression O -in O -a O -Neurospora O -crassa O -mutant O -having O -drastically O -lowered O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -, O -gln O -- O -1a O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -2 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphate O -( O -2 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -ADP O -) O -also O -has O -a O -protective O -effect O -, O -but O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -aspects O -and O -spectral O -properties O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -riboflavin B-Chemical -binding O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dimer O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -has O -a O -higher O -affinity O -for O -di O -- O -substituted O -benzoate O -derivatives O -than O -the O -monomer O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -/ O -proton O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -/ O -proton O -antiport O -systems O -in O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -NAD O -- O -linked O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogeanse O -[ O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -] O -was O -detected O -together O -with O -NADP O -- O -linked O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -[ O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -4 O -] O -and O -aspartase O -[ O -EC O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -] O -in O -Pseudomonas O -fluorescens O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glutamate B-Chemical -saturation O -profile O -of O -the O -NAD O -- O -linked O -enzyme O -exhibited O -cooperativity O -with O -a O -Hill O -coefficient O -( O -n O -) O -of O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -( O -P O -- O -450 O -) O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distributions O -of O -methylamine O -, O -trimethylamine O -, O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -trimethylacetic O -acid O -give O -calculated O -transmembrane O -pH O -gradients O -( O -pHe O -- O -pHi O -) O -for O -erythrocytes O -of O -between O -0 O -. O -14 O -- O -0 O -. O -21 O -for O -extracellular O -pH O -values O -of O -7 O -. O -28 O -- O -7 O -. O -16 O -. O - -aps B-category -Distributions O -of O -TPMP O -, O -SCN O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -were O -also O -determined O -for O -lymphocyte O -suspensions O -as O -a O -function O -of O -extracellular O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -the O -calculated O -Nernst O -potentials O -for O -TPMP O -and O -SCN O -compared O -to O -the O -calculated O -potassium B-Chemical -diffusion O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -administration O -to O -six O -normal O -male O -volunteers O -of O -an O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonist O -, O -guanfacine O -( O -4 O -mg O -daily O -for O -4 O -days O -) O -had O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -ACTH B-Chemical -release O -induced O -by O -metyrapone O -( O -a O -single O -oral O -1 O -- O -g O -dose O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concept O -of O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -control O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -secretion O -in O -man O -is O -in O -agreement O -with O -some O -experimental O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -data O -recorded O -in O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -renal O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -in O -sympathetically O -mediated O -renin O -relase O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Indomethacin B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -suppressed O -urinary O -PGE B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -and O -PGF O -( O -2alpha O -) O -excretion O -by O -89 O -and O -74 O -% O -, O -respectively O -, O -arachidonate O -hypotension O -by O -82 O -% O -, O -and O -inhibited O -the O -elevated O -renin O -levels O -from O -hydralazine B-Chemical -by O -100 O -% O -without O -altering O -the O -hypotensive O -effect O -of O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -a O -nonselective O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonist O -, O -increased O -heart O -rate O -, O -lowered O -blood O -pressure O -, O -and O -also O -stimulated O -the O -release O -of O -renin O -when O -administered O -intraperitoneally O -. O - -aps B-category -H133 O -/ O -22 O -- O -induced O -renin O -release O -was O -inhibited O -by O -80 O -% O -by O -indomethacin B-Chemical -pretreatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -concentrations O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -and O -total O -CO2 O -were O -compared O -in O -the O -stellate O -vessel O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -kinetic O -characterization O -of O -these O -two O -membrane O -fractions O -showed O -they O -had O -identical O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -specificities O -, O -pH O -, O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -effects O -, O -and O -similar O -apparent O -Michaelis O -constants O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -media O -have O -been O -used O -: O -distilled O -H2O O -, O -Krebs B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -Ringer O -solution O -, O -HCl O -0 O -, O -01 O -N O -and O -NaCl B-Chemical -1 O -M O -/ O -l O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -results O -were O -obtained O -with O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -citrate B-Chemical -buffer O -at O -pH O -3 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Lipoprotein O -lipase O -activity O -was O -characterized O -with O -this O -substrate O -by O -previously O -established O -criteria O -including O -an O -alkaline O -pH O -optimum O -, O -increased O -activity O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -and O -heat O -- O -inactivated O -plasma O -, O -and O -reduced O -activity O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -and O -protamine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Intact O -microvessels O -, O -when O -incubated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -release O -lipoprotein O -lipase O -into O -the O -incubation O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Continuous O -monitoring O -of O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -release O -from O -adipocytes O -by O -pH O -- O -stat O -titration O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -a O -pH O -- O -stat O -apparatus O -the O -protons O -from O -the O -released O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -are O -continuously O -titrated O -and O -the O -accumulated O -amount O -of O -OH O -- O -added O -is O -monitored O -on O -a O -recorder O -against O -time O -, O -the O -slope O -thus O -indicating O -the O -rate O -of O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Symposium O -on O -aldosterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -iodophilic O -polysaccharide O -( O -IPS O -) O -from O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -demonstrated O -in O -27 O -strains O -of O -Bacteroides O -fragilis O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -in O -short O -supply O -the O -cellular O -polysaccharide O -was O -degraded O -rapidly O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -to O -6 O -. O -5 O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -accumulated O -in O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -guinea O -- O -pig O -brain O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -by O -catechols O -and O -biopterin O -. O - -aps B-category -Relative O -activities O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -and O -glutaminase O -in O -mammalian O -synaptosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -lowering O -of O -pH O -was O -prevented O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -NaOH B-Chemical -, O -no O -inhibition O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -in O -the O -mixed O -cultures O -with O -E O -. O -coli O -, O -B O -. O -bifidum O -grew O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -its O -essential O -vitamins O -, O -riboflavin B-Chemical -and O -pantetheine O -and O -, O -furthermore O -, O -aerobically O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mixing O -processes O -taking O -place O -in O -a O -two O -component O -system O -involving O -a O -cohesive O -drug O -, O -tetracycline B-Chemical -and O -a O -direct O -compression O -vehicle O -, O -spray O -dried O -lactose O -( O -SDL O -) O -, O -have O -been O -studied O -by O -chemical O -analysis O -of O -powder O -samples O -and O -fluorescence O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -liberation O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -by O -high O -concentrations O -of O -anionic O -surfactants O -suggested O -that O -some O -disruption O -of O -the O -mucosal O -membrane O -occurred O -under O -those O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -initial O -uptake O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -showed O -linearity O -for O -short O -time O -intervals O -in O -normal O -and O -reserpinized O -blood O -platelets O -of O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -, O -but O -was O -lower O -in O -reserpinized O -platelets O -. O - -aps B-category -Imipramine B-Chemical -and O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -caused O -the O -same O -percentage O -inhibition O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -uptake O -in O -normal O -and O -reserpinized O -platelets O -; O -the O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -compound O -Ro O -4 O -- O -1284 O -inhibited O -the O -uptake O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -in O -the O -normal O -, O -but O -not O -markedly O -in O -the O -reserpinized O -platelets O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -( O -a O -) O -the O -Km O -of O -the O -initial O -uptake O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -by O -platelets O -is O -probably O -determined O -by O -the O -mechanism O -at O -the O -plasma O -membrane O -, O -whereas O -Vmax O -may O -be O -codetermined O -by O -the O -intracellular O -storage O -capacity O -, O -( O -b O -) O -platelets O -are O -models O -for O -differentiating O -the O -site O -of O -action O -( O -plasma O -membrane O -or O -storage O -organelles O -) O -of O -drugs O -interfering O -with O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -uptake O -, O -and O -( O -c O -) O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -compounds O -may O -either O -act O -selectively O -on O -the O -plasma O -membrane O -or O -on O -the O -intracellular O -storage O -organelles O -, O -or O -affect O -both O -of O -these O -subcellular O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -pyridostigmine O -on O -neuromuscular O -block O -produced O -by O -soman B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -the O -isolated O -phrenic O -nerve O -- O -diaphragm O -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -pyridostigmine O -before O -exposure O -of O -the O -diaphragm O -to O -soman B-Chemical -, O -followed O -by O -removal O -of O -the O -anticholinesterase O -from O -the O -organ O -bath O -, O -produced O -a O -return O -of O -tetanic O -tension O -and O -an O -increase O -of O -5 O -% O -in O -functional O -AChE O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -blocking O -dose O -of O -carbachol B-Chemical -did O -not O -change O -in O -these O -two O -groups O -indicating O -that O -desensitization O -was O -not O -a O -component O -of O -the O -protective O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effectiveness O -of O -pyridostigmine O -pretreatment O -against O -soman B-Chemical -poisoning O -has O -been O -determined O -in O -rhesus O -monkeys O -and O -marmosets O -receiving O -atropine B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Corticosterone O -( O -3 O -- O -- O -12 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -, O -giving O -rise O -to O -plasma O -corticosterone B-Chemical -concentrations O -from O -26 O -. O -7 O -to O -89 O -. O -0 O -micrograms O -/ O -100 O -ml O -) O -failed O -to O -have O -a O -significant O -anxiogenic O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenalectomized O -rats O -had O -very O -low O -levels O -of O -social O -interaction O -; O -but O -adrenalectomized O -rats O -that O -had O -been O -given O -replacement O -corticosterone B-Chemical -therapy O -did O -not O -differ O -from O -the O -sham O -- O -operated O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Muscimol O -and O -related O -GABA B-Chemical -receptor O -agonists O -: O -the O -potency O -of O -GABAergic O -drugs O -in O -vivo O -determined O -after O -intranigral O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicated O -that O -the O -turning O -behaviour O -was O -induced O -stereospecifically O -and O -was O -selectively O -antagonized O -by O -the O -GABA B-Chemical -antagonist O -bicuculline B-Chemical -methochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -GABA B-Chemical -agonists O -trans O -- O -aminocrotonic O -acid O -and O -3 O -- O -aminopropanesulphonic O -acid O -were O -much O -weaker O -than O -expected O -from O -in O -vitro O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -transaminase I-Chemical -inhibitor O -gamma O -- O -acetylenic O -GABA B-Chemical -showed O -delayed O -effects O -compared O -with O -the O -agonists O -which O -acted O -immediately O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -metabolism O -of O -codeine B-Chemical -in O -man O -, O -rat O -, O -dog O -, O -guinea O -- O -pig O -and O -rabbit O -: O -identification O -of O -four O -new O -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentrations O -of O -codeine B-Chemical -and O -metabolites O -were O -measured O -by O -selected O -ion O -monitoring O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypothermic O -effects O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -homologues O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agent O -haloperidol B-Chemical -blocked O -the O -hypothermia O -produced O -by O -these O -apomorphines O -but O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -failed O -to O -do O -so O -. O - -aps B-category -Methysergide O -potentiated O -the O -hypothermic O -effect O -of O -the O -apomorphine B-Chemical -analogues O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -in O -vitro O -study O -of O -drug O -displacement O -interactions O -: O -warfarin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salicylate I-Chemical -and O -warfarin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenylbutazone I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Physical O -dependence O -and O -tolerance O -development O -to O -sustained O -low O -concentrations O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Synergistic O -elevation O -of O -brain O -3 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxyphenylacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -concentration O -by O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -and O -spiperone B-Chemical -in O -control O -but O -not O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pretreated I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -delta B-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tetrahydrocannabinol I-Chemical -, O -cannabidiol O -, O -and O -shock O -on O -plasma O -corticosterone B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -on O -contractions O -produced O -by O -sympathomimetic O -amines B-Chemical -in O -the O -human O -isolated O -vas O -deferens O -. O - -aps B-category -Antagonism O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -of O -central O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -stimulation O -is O -not O -related O -to O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -Body O -temperature O -depression O -was O -noted O -in O -rats O -, O -mice O -, O -and O -hamsters O -following O -intraperitoneal O -cobaltous O -chloride B-Chemical -administration O -( O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -intraperitoneal O -and O -intracerebral O -pretreatment O -with O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -and O -naloxone B-Chemical -on O -the O -mouse O -rectal O -temperature O -response O -to O -cobalt B-Chemical -( O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -ip O -) O -was O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -cimetidine B-Chemical -failed O -to O -modify O -the O -temperature O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -this O -agent O -reduced O -the O -cobalt B-Chemical -response O -when O -given O -intraperitoneally O -, O -presumably O -through O -a O -peripheral O -inhibitory O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracerebral O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -injection O -depleted O -brain O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -but O -exhibited O -no O -apparent O -influence O -on O -cobalt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hypothermia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -between O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -( O -I O -) O -tablet O -bioavailability O -and O -in O -vitro O -dissolution O -rates O -was O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -- O -Adrenergic O -blockade O -was O -investigated O -using O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -as O -the O -agonist O -. O - -aps B-category -III O -: O -Kinetic O -evidence O -for O -in O -situ O -absorption O -of O -ionized O -species O -of O -monobasic O -penicillins B-Chemical -and O -cefazolin O -from O -the O -rat O -small O -intestine O -and O -structure O -- O -absorption O -rate O -relationships O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -requires O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -observes O -Michaelis O -- O -Menten O -kinetics O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antitumor O -antibiotic O -, O -streptonigrin O -, O -interacted O -with O -zinc B-Chemical -, O -copper B-Chemical -, O -and O -manganese O -but O -not O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -or O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -as O -indicated O -by O -spectral O -shifts O -and O -difference O -spectra O -. O - -aps B-category -Streptonigrin O -interacted O -with O -DNA O -only O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -metal O -ion O -such O -as O -zinc B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -natural O -abundance O -13C O -- O -NMR O -spectra O -of O -five O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -, O -tolazoline O -, O -dibenamine O -, O -azapetine O -, O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -and O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -- O -pressure O -liquid O -chromatographic O -evaluation O -of O -aqueous O -vehicles O -for O -preparation O -of O -prednisolone B-Chemical -and O -prednisone B-Chemical -liquid O -dosage O -forms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -common O -liquid O -dosage O -preservatives O -methylparaben O -, O -propylparaben O -, O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -benzoate O -do O -not O -interfere O -with O -quantitative O -prednisolone B-Chemical -, O -prednisone B-Chemical -, O -and O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -determinations O -. O - -aps B-category -Prednisone B-Chemical -crystallized O -out O -in O -all O -vehicles O -except O -glycerin B-Chemical -, O -in O -which O -it O -appeared O -to O -be O -stable O -for O -at O -least O -92 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Sorbitol O -and O -glycerin B-Chemical -appeared O -to O -be O -the O -best O -vehicles O -for O -prednisolone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Modified O -fluorometric O -quantitation O -of O -pancuronium B-Chemical -bromide B-Chemical -and O -metabolites O -in O -human O -maternal O -and O -umbilical O -serums O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -a O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -1 O -ml O -/ O -kg O -for O -cesarean O -section O -in O -humans O -, O -the O -mean O -maternal O -arterial O -and O -umbilical O -venous O -serum O -concentrations O -of O -pancuronium B-Chemical -bromide B-Chemical -and O -metabolites O -were O -0 O -. O -52 O -and O -0 O -. O -12 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -, O -respectively O -, O -at O -delivery O -( O -mean O -of O -13 O -min O -after O -injection O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -medium O -of O -constant O -pH O -and O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -external O -urea B-Chemical -, O -the O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -release O -was O -that O -normally O -expected O -for O -that O -polymer O -at O -the O -given O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -delivery O -rate O -increase O -was O -proportional O -to O -the O -amount O -of O -external O -urea B-Chemical -and O -was O -reversible O -; O -that O -is O -, O -when O -external O -urea B-Chemical -was O -removed O -, O -the O -drug O -release O -rate O -gradually O -returned O -to O -its O -original O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -investigate O -the O -mechanism O -by O -which O -amiloride B-Chemical -inhibits O -urinary O -acidification O -, O -its O -effects O -on O -H O -+ O -secretion O -were O -examined O -in O -the O -isolated O -urinary O -bladder O -of O -the O -fresh O -water O -turtle O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximal O -inhibition O -was O -reached O -at O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -amiloride B-Chemical -for O -both O -transport O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -bladders O -first O -treated O -with O -ouabain B-Chemical -amiloride B-Chemical -failed O -to O -inhibit O -H O -+ O -secretion O -and O -in O -bladders O -first O -treated O -with O -amiloride B-Chemical -, O -the O -inhibition O -of O -H O -+ O -secretion O -was O -partially O -reversed O -by O -ouabain B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -effects O -of O -pH O -on O -plasma O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -the O -human O -and O -cat O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Observations O -made O -during O -the O -Stevens O -' O -rearrangement O -of O -1 O -- O -benzyl O -- O -1 O -- O -methyl O -- O -delta O -3 O -- O -piperidinium O -salt B-Chemical -derivatives O -( O -V O -) O -under O -various O -conditions O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -cis O -- O -2 O -- O -[ O -3 O -- O -( O -p O -- O -fluorobenzoyl O -) O -propyl O -] O -analogue O -( O -5k O -) O -of O -carbidine O -( O -1 O -) O -possessed O -not O -only O -thymoleptic O -- O -like O -biological O -activity O -but O -had O -more O -potent O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -activity O -than O -the O -parent O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -novel O -class O -of O -potential O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Antidepressant B-Chemical -activity O -was O -examined O -using O -inhibition O -of O -tetrabenazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -depression O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -- O -[ O -( O -4 O -- O -Hydroxyphenethyl O -) O -amino B-Chemical -] O -- O -3 O -- O -( O -aryloxy O -) O -propan O -- O -2 O -- O -ols O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -agreement O -with O -the O -previously O -obtained O -results O -, O -the O -weak O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -- O -stimulating O -activity O -and O -the O -potentiating O -effect O -on O -the O -responses O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -found O -in O -the O -open O -- O -chain O -compounds O -persist O -in O -their O -corresponding O -semirigid O -cyclic O -analogues O -. O - -aps B-category -Transport O -of O -protons O -and O -halide O -ions O -through O -planar O -lipid O -bilayers O -made O -from O -egg O -lecithin O -and O -a O -long O -- O -chain O -secondary O -amine B-Chemical -( O -n O -- O -lauryl O -[ O -trialkylmethyl O -] O -amine B-Chemical -) O -in O -n O -- O -decane O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -support O -a O -" O -titratable O -carrier O -" O -model O -in O -which O -the O -secondary O -amine B-Chemical -exists O -in O -three O -forms O -( O -C O -, O -CH O -+ O -and O -CHBr O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -inhibition O -of O -rat O -and O -human O -cardiac O -guanylate O -cyclase O -in O -vitro O -by O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -adriamycin B-Chemical -) O -: O -possible O -link O -to O -anthracycline B-Chemical -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemorrhagic O -cystitis O -and O -ureteritis O -, O -and O -interstitial O -nephritis O -associated O -with O -administration O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -therapy O -was O -changed O -to O -vancomycin B-Chemical -there O -was O -prompt O -resolution O -of O -these O -abnormalities O -. O - -aps B-category -Epididymal O -cysts O -and O -/ O -or O -hypoplastic O -testes O -have O -been O -found O -in O -31 O -. O -5 O -per O -cent O -of O -308 O -men O -exposed O -to O -diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical -in O -utero O -, O -compared O -to O -7 O -. O -8 O -per O -cent O -of O -307 O -placebo O -- O -exposed O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -investigation O -of O -the O -26 O -diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -exposed I-Chemical -men O -with O -testicular O -hypoplasia O -has O -revealed O -that O -65 O -per O -cent O -had O -a O -history O -of O -cryptorchidism O -. O - -aps B-category -31 O -. O -5 O -% O -of O -308 O -men O -exposed O -to O -diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical -( O -DES O -) O -in O -utero O -had O -epididymal O -cysts O -and O -/ O -or O -hypoplastic O -testes O -compared O -with O -7 O -. O -8 O -% O -of O -307 O -placebo O -- O -exposed O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -drug O -is O -preferred O -over O -ephedrine B-Chemical -primarily O -because O -of O -its O -sustained O -release O -, O -allowing O -dosage O -twice O -a O -day O -, O -and O -because O -of O -its O -relative O -freedom O -from O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -ACTH B-Chemical -secretion O -and O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -antihistaminic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -concentration O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -in O -the O -serum O -was O -dependent O -on O -the O -dose O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ACTH B-Chemical -secretion O -induced O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -g O -) O -was O -inhibited O -completely O -by O -the O -pretreatment O -with O -the O -antagonists O -of O -H1 O -- O -receptor O -, O -diphenyhydramine O -( O -hydrochloride O -, O -0 O -. O -2 O -- O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -g O -) O -, O -promethazine B-Chemical -( O -hydrochloride O -, O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -g O -) O -and O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chlorpheniramine I-Chemical -( O -maleate B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -02 O -- O -- O -0 O -. O -05 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -g O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -H1 O -- O -receptor O -plays O -a O -major O -role O -in O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -ACTH B-Chemical -secretion O -, O -although O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -is O -also O -involved O -in O -this O -ACTH B-Chemical -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -micropuncture O -studies O -supporting O -hydrogen B-Chemical -secretion O -as O -the O -mechanism O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -have O -relied O -on O -the O -demonstration O -of O -an O -acid O -disequilibrium O -pH O -in O -the O -proximal O -tubule O -after O -systemic O -administration O -of O -a O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -lend O -support O -to O -the O -view O -that O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -in O -the O -proximal O -convoluted O -tubule O -occurs O -, O -in O -part O -, O -by O -hydrogen B-Chemical -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside B-Chemical -decreased O -the O -time O -to O -maximal O -dilation O -, O -which O -correlated O -clinically O -with O -an O -increased O -solute O -clearance O -during O -exchanges O -with O -this O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -hypokinesia O -, O -intake O -of O -nerobol O -during O -hypokinesia O -, O -an O -altered O -work O -- O -rest O -cycle O -, O -an O -increased O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -concentration O -( O -up O -to O -15 O -mg O -/ O -m3 O -) O -influenced O -lipid O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -sealed O -chamber O -conditions O -on O -the O -functional O -state O -of O -the O -human O -adrenal O -cortex O -( O -based O -on O -data O -from O -a O -study O -of O -the O -11 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxycortico I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -steroid I-Chemical -content O -in O -the O -blood O -plasma O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Attenuation O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -tolerance O -and O -dependence O -by O -alpha O -- O -melanocyte O -stimulating O -hormone O -( O -alpha O -- O -MSH O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptics B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -changes O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -rat O -striatum O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Methodology O -for O -transport O -studies O -: O -graphical O -and O -computer O -curve O -fitting O -methods O -for O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -efflux O -kinetics O -. O - -aps B-category -L O -- O -Tryptophan O -increases O -the O -activity O -of O -hepatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -metabolizing O -enzymes O -, O -affects O -gluconeogenesis O -and O -displays O -a O -modulatory O -effect O -on O -several O -enzymes O -connected O -with O -RNA O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -method O -of O -isoelectric O -focusing O -in O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -it O -has O -been O -shown O -that O -rhodopsin O -preparation O -, O -obtained O -by O -different O -methods O -( O -including O -the O -rhodopsin O -with O -low O -content O -of O -lipids O -) O -are O -divided O -into O -a O -number O -of O -fractions O -with O -isoelectric O -points O -at O -the O -pH O -- O -range O -5 O -. O -4 O -- O -6 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -pH O -- O -dependence O -of O -the O -structural O -and O -functional O -properties O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -M4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -marked O -deviations O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -reduction O -initial O -velocity O -curves O -from O -the O -Michaelis O -- O -- O -Menten O -equation O -in O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dependence O -of O -enzyme O -inhibition O -from O -pH O -at O -a O -high O -pyruvate B-Chemical -concentration O -( O -20 O -mM O -) O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Hill O -coefficient O -( O -n O -) O -calculated O -from O -the O -curves O -of O -Km O -and O -the O -degree O -of O -substrate O -inhibition O -depending O -on O -pH O -was O -1 O -. O -6 O -; O -n O -for O -pyruvate B-Chemical -inhibition O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -was O -2 O -greater O -than O -n O -greater O -than O -1 O -for O -moderate O -substrate O -concentrations O -( O -1 O -- O -- O -5 O -mM O -) O -and O -n O -approximately O -1 O -for O -higher O -concentrations O -( O -5 O -- O -- O -40 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -model O -is O -based O -on O -the O -results O -indicating O -the O -slow O -isomerisation O -of O -LDH O -in O -ternary O -complexes O -with O -NADH O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -the O -absence O -of O -equilibrium O -on O -the O -intermediate O -stage O -of O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -calcium B-Chemical -excretion O -in O -human O -beings O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -regulation O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -release O -from O -neurointermediate O -lobe O -of O -rat O -hypophysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylcholine O -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -were O -shown O -to O -have O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -the O -spontaneous O -release O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulating O -effect O -of O -DA O -was O -mimicked O -by O -apomorphine B-Chemical -and O -inhibited O -by O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -that O -of O -NA O -was O -abolished O -by O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -ACTH B-Chemical -release O -from O -NIL O -might O -be O -controlled O -, O -at O -least O -in O -part O -, O -by O -catecholaminergic O -innervation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -that O -thiamine B-Chemical -( O -vitamin O -B1 O -) O -has O -a O -role O -in O -nervous O -tissue O -that O -is O -independent O -of O -its O -well O -- O -documented O -coenzyme O -function O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Action O -of O -androgenic O -steroids B-Chemical -on O -brain O -neurotransmitters O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -propionate I-Chemical -( O -TP O -) O -; O -( O -100 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -or O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -dose O -of O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -androgens B-Chemical -of O -different O -activities O -, O -such O -as O -norandrostenolone O -, O -dihydrostestosterone O -and O -androstenedione O -, O -decreased O -the O -DA O -contents O -of O -the O -hypothalamus O -and O -amygdala O -regions O -, O -but O -pregnenolone O -was O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -some O -of O -the O -actions O -of O -androgens B-Chemical -are O -mediated O -via O -a O -dopaminergic O -mechanism O -in O -which O -not O -only O -the O -hypothalamus O -but O -also O -the O -amygdala O -is O -involved O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypothalamic O -levels O -of O -5HT O -and O -5 O -- O -hydroxy O -indole O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -5HIAA O -) O -were O -generally O -lower O -in O -the O -afternoon O -and O -evening O -in O -the O -less O -than O -60 O -g O -when O -compared O -with O -the O -greater O -than O -60 O -g O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -assess O -the O -possible O -role O -of O -amine B-Chemical -neurotransmitters O -in O -human O -epilepsy O -, O -we O -measured O -metabolites O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -[ O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -] O -) O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -homovanillic O -acid O -[ O -HVA O -] O -) O -, O -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -- O -methoxy O -- O -4 O -- O -hydroxyphenylethylene O -glycol O -[ O -MHPG B-Chemical -] O -) O -in O -the O -lumbar O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -( O -CSF O -) O -of O -patients O -with O -partial O -complex O -seizures O -and O -in O -neurologic O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -MHPG B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -similar O -in O -patients O -and O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Treatment O -of O -severe O -arterial O -hypertension O -with O -propyldazine O -( O -ISF O -2123 O -) O -associated O -with O -a O -diuretic B-Chemical -and O -a O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agent O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -new O -therapeutic O -concept O -of O -using O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -H2 I-Chemical -receptor O -antagonists O -for O -treating O -patients O -with O -Zollinger O -- O -Ellison O -syndrome O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -the O -metabolisms O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -[ O -14C O -] O -mevalonate O -are O -identical O -in O -all O -media O -tested O -, O -the O -incorporation O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -acetate O -is O -higher O -in O -medium O -with O -dialyzed O -serum O -than O -in O -medium O -with O -delipidized O -serum O -; O -it O -is O -suppressed O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -all O -lipids O -in O -culture O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Competitive O -effect O -of O -2 O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -: O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -graft O -recipients O -: O -acidification O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -E O -. O -coli O -85 O -cells O -with O -a O -high O -aspartate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ammonia I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lyase I-Chemical -activity O -were O -immobilized O -through O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -incorporation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -of O -L O -- O -aspartic O -acid O -from O -ammonium B-Chemical -fumarate O -had O -the O -following O -characteristics O -: O -specific O -activity O -of O -( O -4 O -- O -- O -6 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Glycemia O -, O -growth O -hormone O -level O -and O -urinary O -catecholamine B-Chemical -excretion O -were O -studied O -in O -182 O -patients O -suffering O -from O -insulin O -- O -dependent O -diabetes O -mellitus O -during O -insulin O -therapy O -alone O -, O -and O -in O -33 O -during O -treatment O -with O -insulin O -plus O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoblockers O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -formaldehyde O -- O -selective O -- O -other O -saturated O -and O -unsaturated O -aldehydes O -, O -ketones O -, O -phenol B-Chemical -, O -furfurol O -etc O -. O - -aps B-category -Pig O -kidney O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -[ O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -( O -deaminating O -) O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -3 O -] O -catalyzes O -a O -rapid O -uptake O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -when O -high O -concentrations O -( O -50 O -- O -100 O -mM O -) O -of O -glyoxylate O -and O -the O -following O -amines B-Chemical -are O -present O -under O -usual O -assay O -conditions O -( O -pH O -8 O -. O -3 O -) O -: O -cysteamine O -, O -2 O -- O -aminoethanol O -, O -putrescine O -, O -D O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propanol I-Chemical -, O -D O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propanol I-Chemical -, O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propanol I-Chemical -, O -D O -, O -L O -- O -octopamine O -, O -ethylenediamine O -, O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -ethyl O -ester O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -more O -detailed O -kinetic O -investigation O -of O -the O -reactions O -involving O -the O -first O -four O -reactive O -amines B-Chemical -listed O -above O -indicated O -that O -the O -cysteamine O -reaction O -proceeds O -at O -a O -rapid O -rate O -even O -when O -cysteamine O -and O -glyoxylate O -are O -present O -at O -less O -than O -millimolar O -concentrations O -, O -but O -greater O -than O -millimolar O -concentrations O -are O -needed O -in O -the O -other O -amine B-Chemical -reactions O -in O -order O -to O -observe O -a O -reasonable O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Considerable O -circumstantial O -evidence O -suggests O -that O -the O -reaction O -involving O -cysteamine O -is O -occurring O -physiologically O -, O -but O -the O -reactions O -of O -other O -amines B-Chemical -would O -be O -occurring O -in O -the O -cell O -at O -a O -very O -low O -rate O -, O -if O -at O -all O -. O - -aps B-category -Stationary O -phase O -Tetrahymena O -cells O -exposed O -to O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -1 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -experience O -an O -8 O -- O -fold O -increase O -in O -intracellular O -cyclic O -AMP O -within O -1 O -hr O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibiting O -the O -Ca2 O -+ O -influx O -with O -ethylene O -glycol O -bis O -( O -beta O -- O -aminoethyl O -ether B-Chemical -) O -- O -N O -, O -N O -, O -N O -' O -, O -N O -' O -- O -tetraacetic O -acid O -blocks O -the O -increase O -in O -cyclic O -AMP O -, O -but O -the O -block O -can O -be O -reversed O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Conversion O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -to O -glutathione B-Chemical -disulfide O -by O -cell O -membrane O -- O -bound O -oxidase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -is O -membrane O -- O -bound O -and O -is O -localized O -on O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -surface O -of O -the O -brush O -border O -membranes O -of O -the O -kidney O -and O -jejunum O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -both O -glutathione B-Chemical -present O -in O -the O -blood O -plasma O -and O -intracellular O -glutathione B-Chemical -translocated O -to O -the O -cell O -surface O -are O -accessible O -to O -oxidation O -and O -transpeptidation O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversion O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -to O -glutathione B-Chemical -disulfide O -is O -followed O -by O -utilization O -of O -the O -latter O -compound O -by O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -and O -dipeptidase O -. O - -aps B-category -That O -the O -distribution O -of O -transferrin O -is O -limited O -to O -the O -materno O -- O -foetal O -interface O -supports O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -binding O -of O -maternal O -transferrin O -to O -trophoblast O -receptors O -is O -involved O -in O -the O -process O -of O -iron B-Chemical -transport O -to O -the O -foetus O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -such O -role O -could O -be O -the O -limitation O -of O -iron B-Chemical -in O -intervillous O -spaces O -, O -thus O -depriving O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -requiring I-Chemical -microorganisms O -of O -iron B-Chemical -, O -hence O -serving O -as O -a O -non O -- O -specific O -factor O -of O -resistance O -for O -placentae O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracellular O -potassium B-Chemical -ion O -activities O -( O -aiK O -+ O -) O -and O -membrane O -potentials O -were O -measured O -with O -double O -- O -barrelled O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -microelectrodes O -in O -superfused O -mouse O -pancreas O -and O -submandibular O -gland O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -indicates O -that O -bethanechol B-Chemical -increases O -the O -permeability O -of O -the O -cell O -membranes O -to O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -in O -the O -submandibular O -gland O -but O -not O -in O -the O -pancreas O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -finding O -gives O -support O -to O -the O -view O -that O -the O -hyperpolarization O -is O -due O -to O -electrogenic O -sodium B-Chemical -pumping O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -anchoring O -' O -villi O -' O -with O -fractured O -ends O -were O -observed O -in O -unfixed O -material O -with O -the O -use O -of O -Nomarski O -interference O -contrast B-Chemical -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -easily O -assembled O -and O -inexpensive O -apparatus O -for O -continuous O -monitoring O -of O -expired O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -artificially O -ventilated O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Discriminative O -stimulus O -properties O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -: O -neuropharmacological O -characteristics O -as O -derived O -from O -stimulus O -generalization O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -compared O -to O -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -isoproterenol I-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonist O -, O -all O -three O -isomers O -failed O -to O -show O -significant O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -activity O -as O -assessed O -by O -intiation O -of O -thirst O -and O -by O -increase O -in O -tail O -skin O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -DL O -- O -m O -- O -octopamine O -has O -about O -1 O -/ O -100th O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -activity O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norepinephrine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -GLDH O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -) O -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -GS O -, O -EC O -6 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -activity O -were O -determined O -in O -the O -contents O -and O -tissues O -of O -the O -various O -parts O -of O -the O -sheep O -and O -chicken O -digestive O -tract O -, O -GLDH O -activity O -in O -the O -tissues O -of O -the O -sheep O -omasum O -, O -duodenum O -, O -rumen O -, O -reticulum O -, O -colon O -, O -caecum O -, O -jejunum O -and O -ileum O -ranged O -from O -3 O -. O -25 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -U O -( O -mumol O -/ O -g O -dry O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypothesis O -is O -confirmed O -that O -the O -different O -ability O -of O -ruminants O -and O -fowls O -to O -utilize O -ammonia B-Chemical -formed O -from O -urea B-Chemical -added O -to O -their O -feed O -, O -including O -ammonia B-Chemical -formed O -by O -hydrolysis O -of O -blood O -urea B-Chemical -, O -is O -due O -to O -the O -different O -GLDH O -and O -GS O -activity O -in O -their O -digestive O -tract O -as O -well O -as O -in O -their O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -was O -studied O -for O -4 O -hours O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -and O -dehydrobenzperidol O -for O -60 O -min O -after O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -article O -gives O -a O -definition O -and O -brief O -description O -of O -those O -possibilities O -of O -treatment O -which O -are O -important O -in O -the O -sociopsychiatric O -therapy O -of O -psychoses O -: O -sociotherapy O -, O -therapy O -with O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -and O -psychotherapy O -as O -such O -, O -as O -well O -as O -their O -various O -combinations O -. O - -aps B-category -Method O -for O -evaluation O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -dosage O -reduction O -. O - -aps B-category -Sixteen O -male O -students O -received O -bedtime O -placebo O -and O -flurazepam B-Chemical -30 O -mg O -at O -home O -in O -a O -counter O -- O -balanced O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -crossover O -design O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -bedtime O -dose O -of O -30 O -mg O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -appears O -to O -significantly O -reduce O -spontaneous O -human O -motility O -that O -night O -and O -during O -the O -next O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -analgesia O -was O -absent O -in O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -GABAergic O -and O -glycinergic O -mechanisms O -within O -the O -substantia O -nigra O -: O -pharmacological O -specificity O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -independent I-Chemical -contralateral O -turning O -behavior O -and O -interactions O -with O -other O -neurotransmitters O -. O - -aps B-category -Muscimol O -- O -induced O -turning O -was O -antagonized O -by O -intranigral O -bicuculline B-Chemical -methochloride O -( O -BMC O -) O -and O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -antagonists O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -were O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -drugs O -, O -including O -substance O -P O -, O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -oxymetazoline O -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -and O -carbachol B-Chemical -, O -induced O -turning O -that O -could O -be O -dissociated O -from O -the O -effect O -of O -muscimol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -- O -Hydroxydopamine O -lesions O -increased O -the O -efficacy O -of O -intranigral O -muscimol B-Chemical -, O -while O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -lesions O -of O -the O -SNR O -antagonized O -muscimol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -specificity O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -agonist I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contralateral O -turning O -and O -indicate O -an O -interaction O -between O -nigral O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -other O -neurotransmitters O -, O -particularly O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dependence O -of O -the O -development O -of O -a O -nonspecific O -cellular O -reaction O -on O -the O -conditions O -of O -cysteamine O -and O -caffeine B-Chemical -benzoate O -exposure O -and O -its O -explanation O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -dehydrogenase O -activity O -of O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Bovine O -liver O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -chicken O -liver O -xanthine B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -with O -oxygen B-Chemical -as O -electron O -acceptor O -exhibit O -similar O -profile O -in O -pKM O -and O -log O -V O -versus O -pH O -plots O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -NAD O -+ O -alters O -the O -enzymatic O -action O -since O -its O -binding O -to O -the O -enzyme O -antecedes O -the O -binding O -of O -xanthine B-Chemical -to O -the O -xanthine B-Chemical -oxidase O -molecule O -, O -without O -undergoing O -itself O -any O -modification O -. O - -aps B-category -DDT O -- O -induced O -myoclonus O -: O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -alpha O -noradrenergic O -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Decreasing O -endogenous O -brain O -serotonin B-Chemical -by O -pretreatment O -with O -p O -- O -chlorophenylalanine O -( O -400 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -An O -in O -vitro O -rat O -liver O -microsomal O -system O -for O -conjugating O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -to O -11 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -delta I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tetrahydrocannabinol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -respiratory O -acidosis O -and O -alkalosis O -on O -volume O -of O -distribution O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -serum O -half O -- O -lives O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -varied O -widely O -, O -and O -acidemia O -prolonged O -the O -time O -required O -for O -distribution O -equilibration O -, O -the O -volumes O -of O -distribution O -were O -almost O -identical O -for O -each O -of O -the O -three O -experimental O -conditions O -assuming O -one O -compartment O -pharmacokinetics O -apply O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -previous O -report O -of O -a O -lethal O -potentiation O -between O -sublethal O -doses O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocker O -propranolol B-Chemical -was O -confirmed O -for O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -synergism O -was O -noted O -between O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -methylatropine B-Chemical -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -or O -methysergide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Liver O -diseases O -caused O -by O -iron B-Chemical -overloading O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -recent O -Swedish O -clinical O -isolates O -of O -anaerobic O -bacteria O -are O -susceptible O -to O -many O -antibiotics O -by O -the O -agar O -dilution O -method O -with O -the O -exception O -of O -the O -Bacteroides O -group O -versus O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotics O -or O -tetracyclines O -. O - -aps B-category -Resistance O -to O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotics O -was O -partly O -due O -to O -the O -production O -of O -beta O -- O -lactamase O -. O - -aps B-category -Cefoxitin O -- O -resistant O -strains O -( O -MIC O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -16 O -micrograms O -/ O -ml O -) O -were O -also O -resistant O -to O -the O -new O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -BL O -- O -S786 O -and O -HR O -- O -756 O -as O -well O -as O -to O -the O -new O -cefamycins O -A O -, O -B O -, O -CL619 O -- O -183 O -, O -CS O -- O -1170 O -and O -Sq O -- O -14359 O -and O -to O -thienamycin O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -neurochemical O -and O -pharmacological O -findings O -have O -indicated O -close O -functional O -relationships O -between O -the O -endorphin O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -treatments O -for O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -tardive O -dyskinesia O -published O -in O -the O -English O -literature O -until O -August O -1978 O -are O -reviewed O -. O - -aps B-category -Paradoxically O -, O -the O -most O -effective O -treatment O -for O -suppressing O -dyskinesia O -is O -administration O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -neuroleptic I-Chemical -treatment O -for O -schizophrenia O -: O -analysis O -of O -the O -two O -- O -year O -postdischarge O -risk O -of O -relapse O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -overall O -results O -of O -the O -Soteria O -program O -were O -achieved O -despite O -the O -fact O -that O -all O -CMHC O -patients O -received O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -during O -their O -original O -inpatient O -stays O -and O -about O -50 O -percent O -were O -maintained O -on O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -up O -to O -the O -point O -of O -readmission O -or O -study O -termination O -, O -whereas O -only O -10 O -percent O -of O -Soteria O -subjects O -were O -treated O -with O -or O -maintained O -on O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Inosine O -may O -be O -an O -endogenous O -ligand O -for O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -receptors O -on O -cultured O -spinal O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Flurazepam O -produced O -a O -similar O -excitatory O -response O -which O -showed O -cross O -- O -desensitization O -with O -the O -purine B-Chemical -excitation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -systemic O -infusion O -of O -purified O -beta O -glucuronidase O -, O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -a O -combination O -of O -these O -were O -studied O -in O -normal O -dogs O -from O -the O -viewpoints O -of O -hemodynamics O -and O -blood O -coagulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -autonomic O -nervous O -system O -is O -divided O -into O -the O -parasympathetic O -and O -sympathetic O -systems O -, O -with O -three O -types O -of O -adrenergic O -receptors O -: O -alpha O -( O -smooth O -muscle O -contraction O -) O -, O -beta1 O -( O -cardiac O -acceleration O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -mobilization O -) O -and O -beta2 O -( O -smooth O -muscle O -relaxation O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Autonomic O -agents O -used O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -ocular O -hypertension O -and O -glaucoma O -include O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -, O -a O -chilinergic O -agonist O -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -an O -adrenergic O -agonist O -, O -and O -various O -beta O -adrenergic O -blockers O -or O -antagonists O -including O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -atenolol B-Chemical -and O -timolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -showing O -a O -significant O -reduction O -in O -intraocular O -pressure O -as O -a O -result O -of O -ocular O -instillation O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -are O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -Work O -on O -timolol B-Chemical -at O -Wilmer O -began O -with O -a O -report O -from O -Radius O -, O -Diamond O -, O -Pollack O -and O -Langham O -covering O -experimental O -studies O -with O -rabbits O -and O -clinical O -studies O -of O -the O -drug O -' O -s O -ocular O -hypotensive O -effects O -on O -glaucoma O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -enthalpy O -of O -dissociation O -of O -H2O O -is O -high O -( O -approximately O -7 O -kcal O -/ O -mole O -) O -, O -its O -pH O -is O -temperature O -dependent O -( O -7 O -. O -0 O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -, O -7 O -. O -4 O -at O -20 O -degrees O -C O -) O -and O -hypothermia O -may O -in O -part O -protect O -by O -its O -influence O -on O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -anoxia O -versus O -circulatory O -arrest O -, O -brain O -temperature O -, O -and O -extracellular O -brain O -pH O -on O -NRL O -was O -studied O -in O -45 O -mongrel O -dogs O -, O -subjected O -to O -varying O -periods O -of O -N2 O -- O -induced O -anoxia O -on O -cardiopulmonary O -bypass O -( O -CPB O -) O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -or O -20 O -degrees O -C O -. O -In O -some O -studies O -jugular O -venous O -pH O -was O -adjusted O -by O -infusion O -of O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -or O -HCl O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -investigation O -of O -the O -phenomenon O -of O -SPA O -revealed O -that O -: O -1 O -. O -it O -is O -associated O -with O -ADP O -- O -hyperaggregability O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -the O -threshold O -concentration O -to O -induce O -second O -wave O -aggregation O -is O -decreased O -; O -2 O -. O -it O -is O -dependant O -on O -the O -increase O -in O -pH O -which O -occurs O -in O -platelet O -- O -rich O -plasma O -stirring O -in O -an O -aggregometer O -while O -concurrent O -ADP O -- O -hyperaggregability O -is O -independant O -of O -this O -change O -in O -pH O -; O -3 O -. O -it O -is O -associated O -with O -malondialdehyde B-Chemical -production O -and O -the O -release O -of O -endogenous O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -; O -and O -that O -4 O -. O -in O -addition O -Km O -and O -Vmax O -values O -for O -[ O -14c O -] O -- O -5HT O -incorporation O -are O -normal O -; O -and O -that O -5 O -. O -no O -gross O -abnormalities O -of O -the O -platelet O -membrane O -glycoproteins O -were O -apparent O -although O -occasionally O -glycoprotein O -III O -was O -found O -to O -be O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Report O -from O -the O -subcommittee O -on O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -Km O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -is O -7 O -. O -6 O -microM O -for O -the O -6 O -alpha O -- O -hydroxylase O -and O -7 O -. O -0 O -microM O -for O -the O -7 O -alpha O -- O -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Estradiol B-Chemical -was O -found O -in O -vitro O -to O -be O -a O -noncompetitive O -inhibitor O -( O -Ki O -= O -5 O -microM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -the O -6 O -alpha O -- O -and O -7 O -alpha O -- O -hydroxylase O -were O -found O -to O -be O -androgen B-Chemical -sensitive O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -blood O -pressure O -, O -arterial O -pH O -, O -arterial O -blood O -gases O -, O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -PCV O -were O -monitored O -and O -recorded O -before O -, O -during O -and O -for O -3 O -hours O -after O -reperfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -rapid O -departure O -of O -TDLs O -from O -syngeneic O -BM O -, O -F1 O -hybrid O -BM O -retained O -parental O -lymphocytes O -with O -GVH O -activity O -for O -alloantigens O -of O -the O -opposite O -parent O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -successful O -pancreatic O -islet O -transplants O -have O -been O -shown O -to O -lower O -basal O -hepatic O -glucose B-Chemical -output O -, O -gluconeogenesis O -, O -and O -urea B-Chemical -production O -, O -pancreatic O -islet O -transplants O -seemed O -to O -be O -a O -more O -physiological O -model O -to O -test O -the O -in O -vivo O -effects O -of O -insulin O -on O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -in O -diabetic O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Lack O -of O -blocking O -effect O -of O -chondroitin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -on O -lymphocyte O -- O -defined O -antigens O -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneously O -the O -content O -of O -urea B-Chemical -increases O -in O -kidneys O -, O -but O -decrease O -in O -gills O -, O -whereas O -in O -blood O -and O -live O -it O -does O -not O -differ O -from O -the O -corresponding O -indices O -of O -fishes O -from O -the O -control O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Parenteral O -testosterone B-Chemical -seems O -to O -be O -the O -present O -treatment O -of O -choice O -but O -we O -believe O -it O -should O -be O -started O -early O -in O -life O -to O -take O -advantage O -of O -the O -greater O -hyperplastic O -response O -of O -the O -young O -. O - -aps B-category -Wethers O -were O -studied O -for O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -complete O -pelleted O -feed O -ration O -on O -the O -intake O -of O -water O -and O -concentration O -of O -pH O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -in O -the O -rumen O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pelleted O -diet O -increased O -the O -intake O -of O -water O -( O -the O -dry O -matter O -consumption O -remaining O -the O -same O -in O -the O -control O -and O -experimental O -group O -) O -, O -reduced O -pH O -concentration O -( O -6 O -. O -0 O -- O -- O -6 O -. O -2 O -) O -and O -slightly O -increased O -the O -level O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -in O -the O -first O -hour O -after O -feeding O -; O -this O -was O -probably O -due O -to O -a O -rapid O -release O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -compounds O -from O -the O -feed O -and O -to O -intensive O -rumen O -fermentation O -. O - -aps B-category -Asynchrony O -of O -erythroblast O -maturation O -induced O -by O -riboflavin B-Chemical -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -Membrane O -whorls O -develop O -within O -the O -mitochondria O -of O -plasma O -cells O -, O -eosinophils O -and O -neutrophils O -during O -the O -fifth O -week O -of O -riboflavin B-Chemical -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -Cell O -migration O -studies O -showed O -that O -it O -took O -60 O -- O -72 O -h O -for O -a O -cell O -to O -migrate O -from O -the O -upper O -border O -of O -the O -proliferative O -cell O -compartment O -in O -the O -crypt O -to O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -surface O -of O -the O -colon O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Role O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -compensation O -for O -microcirculatory O -disorders O -in O -systemic O -lupus O -erythematosus O -and O -systemic O -allergic O -vasculitis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -donor O -and O -patient O -cells O -suspended O -in O -ACD O -solution O -had O -1 O -- O -hour O -survivals O -of O -77 O -and O -93 O -% O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -to O -the O -rejecting O -reactions O -, O -both O -groups O -are O -almost O -equal O -: O -the O -increasing O -functional O -failure O -causes O -a O -fast O -increase O -of O -creatinine B-Chemical -and O -urea B-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -; O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -and O -LDH O -show O -distinct O -alterations O -, O -related O -to O -the O -progress O -of O -the O -graft O -' O -s O -destruction O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Glucose B-Chemical -consumption O -by O -muscle O -and O -fatty O -tissues O -and O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -these O -tissues O -to O -insulin O -in O -intact O -rats O -and O -rats O -with O -alloxan O -diabetes O -at O -a O -high O -altitude O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -58 O -Citrobacter O -strains O -the O -pathways O -of O -the O -utilization O -of O -dicarbonic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -their O -amides O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Acidimetric O -titration O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -IX O -- O -alpha O -, O -dissolved O -in O -excess O -aqueous O -sodium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -, O -showed O -that O -two O -protons O -are O -dissociated O -with O -pK O -values O -well O -below O -7 O -and O -that O -one O -or O -several O -additional O -acidic O -groups O -titrate O -with O -pK O -around O -12 O -. O -9 O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -spectra O -, O -recorded O -after O -addition O -of O -2 O -and O -4 O -mol O -of O -base O -per O -mol O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -IX O -- O -alpha O -, O -showed O -that O -both O -carboxyl O -groups O -are O -titrated O -by O -the O -first O -2 O -mol O -of O -base O -, O -and O -both O -lactams O -by O -the O -following O -2 O -mol O -of O -base O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -carboxyl O -groups O -exhibited O -pK O -= O -4 O -. O -4 O -, O -and O -both O -lactams O -pK O -= O -13 O -. O -0 O -, O -in O -good O -agreement O -with O -values O -expected O -from O -the O -chemical O -structure O -of O -the O -bilirubin B-Chemical -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Influence O -of O -salicylazosulphapyridine O -on O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -activity O -in O -ulcerative O -rectocolitis O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -secretin O -, O -plasma O -gastrin O -and O -pancreatic O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -output O -were O -measured O -in O -three O -healthy O -youths O -before O -and O -after O -a O -10 O -min O -period O -of O -duodenal O -infusion O -of O -50 O -, O -75 O -and O -100 O -ml O -100 O -mmol O -/ O -1 O -HCl O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -positive O -correlations O -were O -obtained O -between O -plasma O -secretin O -and O -infused O -dose O -of O -HCl O -, O -between O -pancreatic O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -output O -and O -infused O -dose O -of O -HCl O -and O -between O -plasma O -secretin O -and O -pancreatic O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -output O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -duodenal O -alkali B-Chemical -load O -associated O -with O -the O -interdigestive O -myoelectric O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -some O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -on O -aggressive O -behavior O -in O -isolated O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -following O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -were O -investigated O -: O -spiroperidol O -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -synthetic O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -PGF2 B-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -on O -the O -volume O -, O -acidity O -, O -and O -proteolytic O -activity O -of O -the O -abomasum O -juice O -in O -sheep O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -investigations O -were O -carried O -out O -in O -3 O -male O -sheep O -on O -the O -effect O -of O -Estrumate O -( O -a O -synthetic O -analogue O -of O -PGF2 B-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -) O -on O -the O -secretion O -and O -composition O -of O -juice O -from O -the O -" O -small O -" O -abomasum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -the O -open O -study O -indicated O -that O -clopimozide O -represents O -an O -equal O -, O -if O -not O -superior O -, O -choice O -versus O -the O -other O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -which O -the O -patients O -had O -been O -receiving O -before O -the O -open O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Impairment O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -during O -treatment O -with O -antihypertensive O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -does O -not O -seem O -to O -be O -the O -case O -in O -subjects O -with O -an O -initially O -unimpaired O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -. O - -aps B-category -Elevated O -serum O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -levels O -during O -treatment O -with O -antihypertensive O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -during O -treatment O -with O -beta O -- O -blockers O -seems O -in O -most O -cases O -to O -be O -of O -no O -clinical O -importance O -and O -is O -not O -a O -reason O -for O -serum O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -determinations O -of O -subjects O -who O -have O -no O -symptoms O -indicating O -hyperuricaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -or O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -25 O -mg O -/ O -d O -) O -about O -half O -of O -this O -increase O -might O -be O -anticipated O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -using O -a O -special O -buffer O -system O -, O -a O -mixture O -of O -histidine O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -lysine O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -each O -pH O -value O -could O -be O -tested O -with O -the O -same O -buffer O -capacity O -. O - -aps B-category -European O -Branch O -of O -Histamine B-Chemical -Club O -. O - -aps B-category -Pulmonary O -arterial O -strips O -contracted O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -but O -only O -weakly O -to O -horse O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -mediating O -cyclic O -AMP O -accumulation O -in O -slices O -from O -guinea O -- O -pig O -hippocampus O -: O -characterization O -and O -localization O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -on O -monoaminergic O -systems O -in O -rat O -brain O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Published O -studies O -of O -the O -toxicity O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -aerosols O -are O -few O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunological O -studies O -in O -a O -case O -of O -hepatitis O -following O -methyldopa B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Peripheral O -lymphocytes O -gave O -a O -markedly O -positive O -macrophage O -migration O -inhibition O -( O -MIF O -) O -test O -against O -methyldopa B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Irrigation O -of O -the O -anterior O -chamber O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -alkali B-Chemical -burns O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -eye O -was O -treated O -with O -topical O -and O -intraocular O -irrigation O -, O -and O -lactated O -Ringer O -' O -s O -solution O -and O -the O -patient O -was O -given O -topical O -antibiotics O -, O -systemic O -and O -topical O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -, O -and O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -pressor O -responses O -to O -injected O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -were O -almost O -equal O -thereby O -suggesting O -that O -cardiovascular O -reactivity O -was O -unaltered O -and O -that O -enhanced O -responsiveness O -to O -hypothalamic O -stimulation O -was O -directly O -due O -to O -the O -concomitant O -increase O -in O -sympathetic O -nerve O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidative O -phosphorylation O -of O -isolated O -canine O -myocardial O -mitochondria O -has O -been O -evaluated O -after O -exposure O -to O -different O -concentrations O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -5 O -- O -- O -50 O -mM O -) O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -ion O -in O -excess O -( O -5 O -- O -- O -40 O -mM O -, O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -) O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -( O -50 O -- O -- O -270 O -nmol O -/ O -mg O -protein O -) O -, O -to O -lactic O -acidosis O -( O -pH O -6 O -. O -3 O -) O -, O -and O -to O -mitochondrial O -protein O -dilution O -( O -in O -vitro O -volume O -expansion O -) O -for O -10 O -min O -to O -8 O -h O -. O -The O -influence O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -lactate B-Chemical -ion O -addition O -, O -lactic O -acidosis O -, O -and O -in O -vitro O -volume O -expansion O -on O -mitochondrial O -function O -were O -studied O -in O -the O -isolation O -medium O -( O -0 O -. O -18 O -M O -KCl O -, O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -BSA O -( O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -) O -, O -with O -or O -without O -Tris O -- O -EDTA O -, O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -) O -prior O -to O -evaluation O -of O -mitochondrial O -function O -in O -the O -assay O -medium O -( O -0 O -. O -25 O -M O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -10 O -mM O -Tris O -- O -HCl O -, O -and O -10 O -mM O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -severe O -mitochondrial O -functional O -impairment O -resulted O -from O -phosphate B-Chemical -or O -calcium B-Chemical -addition O -. O - -aps B-category -Patient O -sex O -, O -age O -, O -drug O -treatment O -received O -at O -test O -time O -, O -previous O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drug O -treatment O -, O -and O -severity O -of O -illness O -did O -not O -account O -for O -the O -differences O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -dihydrotachysterol O -( O -DHT O -) O -was O -given O -orally O -to O -eight O -psychotic O -patients O -; O -in O -each O -case O -marked O -increases O -in O -psychosis O -and O -agitation O -accompanied O -increases O -in O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -phosphorus B-Chemical -within O -two O -weeks O -after O -active O -drug O -was O -substituted O -for O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -when O -three O -periodically O -psychotic O -patients O -received O -synthetic B-Chemical -salmon I-Chemical -calcitonin I-Chemical -( O -SCT O -) O -, O -the O -severity O -and O -frequency O -of O -agitated O -episodes O -decreased O -while O -CSF O -calcium B-Chemical -increased O -in O -all O -three O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -and O -patients O -treated O -with O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -demonstrated O -a O -significant O -elevation O -in O -mean O -blink O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -cardioplegia O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardioplegia O -was O -induced O -by O -infusing O -an O -isotonic O -electrolyte O -solution O -containing O -either O -5 O -or O -40 O -mEq O -/ O -liter O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -30 O -minutes O -of O -anoxia O -, O -myocardial O -recovery O -was O -65 O -. O -39 O -+ O -/ O -- O -24 O -. O -48 O -per O -cent O -with O -5 O -mEq O -/ O -liter O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -and O -90 O -. O -05 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -. O -40 O -per O -cent O -with O -40mEq O -/ O -liter O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -conclusion O -was O -that O -a O -high O -potassium B-Chemical -solution O -will O -arrest O -the O -heart O -rapidly O -and O -provide O -protection O -against O -anoxic O -injury O -of O -the O -myocardium O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -effect O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -and O -parasympathicomimetica O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -the O -elevated O -intraocular O -pressure O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -equally O -marked O -, O -additional O -drop O -in O -eye O -pressure O -was O -achieved O -when O -patients O -who O -had O -been O -given O -timolol B-Chemical -over O -an O -extended O -period O -of O -time O -, O -were O -additionally O -treated O -with O -one O -dose O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -2 O -% O -or O -carbachol B-Chemical -1 O -. O -5 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Influence O -of O -narcotic O -analgesics O -, O -droperidol B-Chemical -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -and O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -on O -the O -smooth O -muscles O -of O -small O -arteries O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -all O -agents O -studied O -, O -pressure O -- O -diameter O -relations O -were O -determined O -before O -and O -after O -a O -virtually O -maximum O -constriction O -which O -was O -induced O -with O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pentazocine B-Chemical -and O -levallorphan O -were O -less O -effective O -( O -mean O -increase O -8 O -% O -) O -, O -and O -the O -administration O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -and O -naloxone B-Chemical -was O -followed O -by O -even O -less O -relaxation O -, O -resulting O -in O -mean O -diameter O -increases O -of O -4 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Depending O -on O -the O -pressure O -level O -, O -droperidol B-Chemical -caused O -the O -diameter O -to O -increase O -2 O -to O -10 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -on O -total O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -, O -cerebral O -metabolic O -rates O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -on O -cerebral O -grey O -matter O -content O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -high O -energy O -phosphate B-Chemical -compounds O -of O -combined O -moderate O -reduction O -in O -cerebral O -perfusion O -pressure O -( O -CPP O -) O -and O -moderate O -arterial O -hypoxaemia O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Cbf O -was O -elevated O -by O -40 O -% O -in O -group O -III O -( O -p O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -, O -CMRO2 O -was O -reduced O -significantly O -in O -group O -IV O -( O -p O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -0 O -. O -01 O -, O -CMR O -lactate B-Chemical -was O -raised O -significantly O -in O -all O -three O -experimental O -groups O -( O -p O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -CMRO2 O -in O -this O -group O -points O -to O -metabolic O -insufficiency O -and O -to O -relative O -cerebral O -hypoperfusion O -, O -but O -since O -changes O -in O -cerebral O -content O -of O -high O -energy O -phosphate B-Chemical -compounds O -were O -not O -significant O -, O -severe O -tissue O -hypoxia O -may O -be O -excluded O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -charcoal B-Chemical -adsorption O -for O -the O -microassay O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -- O -hydrolase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -modified O -radioisotopic O -assay O -for O -measuring O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -in O -tissue O -extracts O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluorometric O -analysis O -of O -polyamines O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -1 O -- O -methylhistamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -nicotine B-Chemical -administration O -in O -larger O -doses O -inhibits O -steroidogenesis O -in O -testis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -incubation O -of O -testicular O -slices O -with O -nicotine B-Chemical -failed O -to O -elicit O -any O -appreciable O -effect O -on O -delta O -5 O -- O -3 O -beta O -- O -hydroxysteroid O -dehydrogenase O -activity O -indicating O -lack O -of O -direct O -action O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -on O -testicular O -steroidogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -pH O -on O -the O -binding O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -to O -serum O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -percentage O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -bound O -was O -independent O -of O -the O -total O -concentration O -of O -the O -drug O -, O -but O -was O -directly O -related O -to O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -solubilized O -with O -n O -- O -octanol O -and O -activated O -by O -freezing O -and O -thawing O -before O -precipitation O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -automated O -kinetic O -assay O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -blood O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -the O -method O -is O -compared O -with O -automated O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -hexokinase O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -Methods O -for O -the O -estimation O -of O -plasma O -paracetamol B-Chemical -which O -depend O -on O -acid O -hydrolysis O -to O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminophenol I-Chemical -without O -a O -prior O -extraction O -step O -also O -measure O -inactive O -metabolites O -which O -are O -present O -in O -high O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -positive O -error O -of O -between O -40 O -and O -700 O -% O -compared O -with O -a O -high O -- O -performance O -liquid O -chromatography O -reference O -method O -which O -measured O -only O -unchanged O -paracetamol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -strains O -grown O -on O -different O -carbon B-Chemical -sources O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -the O -elevated O -temperature O -markedly O -stimulated O -the O -initial O -growth O -of O -the O -culture O -, O -decreased O -the O -level O -of O -NADP O -+ O -in O -strain O -117 O -by O -the O -48th O -hour O -and O -increased O -the O -level O -of O -NAD O -+ O -in O -both O -the O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -Many O -South O -African O -isolates O -, O -in O -addition O -, O -exhibit O -resistance O -to O -tetracycline B-Chemical -, O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -, O -erythromycin B-Chemical -, O -clindamycin O -, O -and O -cotrimoxazole O -in O -varying O -patterns O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -finding O -was O -confirmed O -in O -a O -quantitative O -test O -in O -which O -the O -residual O -antimicrobial O -activity O -of O -broth O -containing O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -in O -subinhibitory O -concentrations O -was O -determined O -after O -incubation O -with O -antibiotic O -- O -resistant O -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -Purine O -nucleoside B-Chemical -phosphorylases O -purified O -from O -rat O -liver O -and O -Novikoff O -hepatoma O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Merkel O -cells O -of O -sinus O -hair O -follicles O -of O -nude O -mice O -were O -investigated O -by O -fluorescence O -and O -electron O -microscopy O -following O -pretreatment O -with O -amine B-Chemical -precursors O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Dopa I-Chemical -, O -L O -- O -5 O -- O -Hydroxytryptophan O -) O -and O -monoaminoxidase O -- O -inhibitors O -( O -Marsilid O -, O -Harmaline O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Narrow O -strips O -of O -isolated O -epidermis O -rapidly O -assume O -a O -helical O -conformation O -when O -placed O -in O -a O -dilute O -hypotonic O -aqueous O -solution O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -as O -a O -free O -base O -. O - -aps B-category -Frontal O -cerebral O -cortex O -brain O -samples O -from O -schizophrenics O -and O -controls O -have O -been O -assayed O -for O -binding O -associated O -with O -muscarinic O -cholinergic O -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -5HT O -) O -, O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -as O -well O -as O -for O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -synthesizing I-Chemical -enzyme O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -( O -GAD O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Identification O -of O -two O -forms O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -barley O -( O -Hordeum O -vulgare O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemical O -modification O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -residues O -in O -azurin O -. O - -aps B-category -Lack O -of O -effect O -of O -charge O -of O -phlorizin B-Chemical -and O -phloretin O -on O -mutarotase O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Cases O -of O -extrapyramidal O -- O -motoric O -and O -psychologic O -side O -effects O -are O -reported O -when O -treatment O -with O -antidepressant B-Chemical -drugs O -was O -performed O -. O - -aps B-category -That O -means O -MIF O -does O -not O -only O -lead B-Chemical -to O -an O -improvement O -of O -psychomotor O -performance O -but O -also O -of O -cognitive O -functions O -. O - -aps B-category -Employing O -the O -technique O -of O -quantitative O -pharmaco O -- O -EEG O -investigations O -on O -the O -psychotropic O -effects O -of O -progestogens B-Chemical -indicated O -that O -progestogens B-Chemical -produce O -a O -profile O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -minor O -tranquilizers O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Radioenzymatic O -simultaneous O -determination O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Studies O -on O -the O -effect O -of O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -on O -experimentally O -induced O -anxiety O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -72 O -male O -students O -were O -Ss O -in O -a O -two O -- O -factorial O -design O -with O -type O -of O -drug O -( O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -placebo O -) O -and O -type O -of O -situation O -as O -the O -two O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -potentiates O -pentobarbitone O -- O -, O -hexobarbitone O -- O -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -sleep O -and O -antagonises O -amphetamine B-Chemical -induced O -toxicity O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Centpyraquin O -has O -the O -profile O -of O -activity O -of O -a O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -on O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -studies O -on O -starvation O -- O -and O -indomethacin B-Chemical -- O -induced O -ulcerations O -in O -albino O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -case O -of O -acute O -indomethacin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -peptic O -ulceration O -, O -the O -effects O -of O -anticholinergic O -drugs O -on O -the O -ulcers O -produced O -were O -also O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Anticholinergic O -drugs O -ameliorated O -indomethacin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -gastric O -ulceration O -, O -partly O -at O -least O -, O -by O -reducing O -intra O -- O -gastric O -acidity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -was O -conducted O -of O -two O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -, O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -given O -orally O -to O -142 O -children O -( O -30 O -kg O -in O -weight O -or O -heavier O -) O -undergoing O -routine O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -Flunitrazepam B-Chemical -caused O -a O -greater O -frequency O -of O -amnesia O -for O -the O -periods O -of O -induction O -and O -immediately O -after O -operation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -diazepam B-Chemical -group O -, O -plasma O -concentrations O -were O -significantly O -smaller O -in O -those O -who O -vomited O -than O -in O -those O -who O -did O -not O -vomit O -. O - -aps B-category -Pethidine B-Chemical -1 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -0 O -. O -25 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -and O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -0 O -. O -02 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -i O -. O -m O -. O - -aps B-category -Sleep O -following O -thiopentone B-Chemical -was O -restless O -more O -often O -in O -the O -younger O -than O -in O -the O -older O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -- O -five O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -13 O -) O -min O -after O -injection O -, O -the O -concentration O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -in O -serum O -was O -similar O -in O -both O -age O -groups O -; O -after O -90 O -min O -it O -decreased O -in O -the O -younger O -and O -increased O -in O -the O -older O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -as O -adjuncts O -to O -general O -anaesthesia O -in O -preventing O -arousal O -following O -surgical O -stimuli O -. O - -aps B-category -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -10 O -mg O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -six O -patients O -of O -the O -diazepam B-Chemical -group O -reacted O -to O -the O -incision O -with O -defensive O -movements O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -post O -- O -anaesthesia O -interview O -revealed O -that O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -possesses O -a O -more O -specific O -anterograde O -amnesic O -action O -than O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -available O -to O -the O -myocardium O -was O -increased O -markedly O -during O -hypercapnia O -, O -coronary O -sinus O -PO2 O -increased O -also O -, O -reflecting O -a O -reduction O -in O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -extraction O -; O -thus O -myocardial O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -was O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -airway O -conductance O -is O -measured O -after O -increasing O -doses O -of O -inhaled O -salbutamol B-Chemical -and O -the O -extent O -to O -which O -the O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -is O -displaced O -to O -the O -right O -after O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -drugs O -is O -used O -to O -assess O -bronchial O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -Salbutamol B-Chemical -produced O -a O -30 O -- O -70 O -% O -increase O -in O -sGaw O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -dose O -ratios O -for O -practolol O -100 O -mg O -and O -200 O -mg O -were O -1 O -. O -2 O -and O -2 O -. O -1 O -and O -for O -propranolol B-Chemical -40 O -mg O -and O -80 O -mg O -they O -were O -21 O -and O -61 O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Nadolol O -( O -a O -beta O -- O -blocker O -) O -, O -given O -once O -daily O -is O -as O -effective O -as O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -given O -four O -times O -daily O -as O -an O -anti O -- O -anginal O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -Pharmacodynamic O -half O -- O -lives O -, O -estimated O -for O -the O -drug O -tested O -, O -were O -39 O -h O -for O -nadolol B-Chemical -, O -atenolol B-Chemical -21 O -h O -, O -timolol B-Chemical -15 O -h O -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -13 O -h O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -11 O -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -8 O -h O -. O -5 O -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -clinical O -choice O -of O -a O -beta O -- O -blocker O -with O -the O -least O -problems O -of O -compliance O -can O -be O -made O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -pharmacodynamics O -as O -well O -as O -pharmacological O -profile O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -Despite O -these O -advantages O -, O -the O -thiazide B-Chemical -do O -cause O -hypokalaemia O -hyperuricaemia O -and O -hyperglycaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -The O -possibility O -that O -a O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agent O -combined O -with O -a O -thiazide B-Chemical -diuretic B-Chemical -might O -produce O -better O -BP O -control O -, O -prevent O -thiazide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -abnormalities O -and O -exert O -a O -coronary O -prevention O -action O -with O -once O -daily O -administration O -would O -suggest O -that O -such O -a O -combination O -should O -be O -the O -ideal O -initial O -therapy O -for O -most O -patients O -with O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -such O -a O -correlation O -could O -be O -obtained O -with O -pindolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -those O -patients O -of O -group O -II O -in O -whom O -pressure O -was O -not O -controlled O -by O -the O -diuretic B-Chemical -alone O -, O -combination O -with O -a O -beta O -- O -blocker O -led O -to O -pressure O -normalization O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -to O -outpatient O -management O -it O -is O -proposed O -that O -with O -exception O -of O -young O -borderline O -hypertensives O -who O -seem O -to O -respond O -best O -to O -beta O -- O -blockers O -, O -initial O -antihypertensive O -drug O -therapy O -may O -consist O -of O -a O -diuretic B-Chemical -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -treatment O -of O -essential O -hypertension O -using O -nadolol B-Chemical -and O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -combined O -. O - -aps B-category -Sixty O -mild O -to O -moderately O -hypertensive O -patients O -were O -studied O -for O -20 O -weeks O -( O -2 O -weeks O -no O -antihypertendive O -the O -therapy O -, O -3 O -weeks O -placebo O -, O -3 O -weeks O -HCT O -, O -4 O -weeks O -nadolol B-Chemical -+ O -HCT O -dose O -titration O -and O -8 O -weeks O -nadolol B-Chemical -+ O -HCT O -maintenance O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -Combined O -therapy O -with O -nadolol B-Chemical -and O -HCT O -is O -a O -safe O -and O -effective O -method O -of O -controlling O -hypertension O -over O -extended O -periods O -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -- O -Adrenoceptor O -- O -blocking O -agents O -and O -the O -kidney O -: O -effect O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -the O -renal O -circulation O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -The O -renal O -vascular O -response O -to O -nadolol B-Chemical -contrasts O -sharply O -with O -those O -found O -with O -other O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -- O -blocking O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Elimination O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -by O -patients O -with O -renal O -impairment O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Renal O -clearance O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -correlate O -with O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -; O -nadolol B-Chemical -elimination O -is O -retarded O -in O -patients O -with O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -men O -belonged O -to O -the O -same O -population O -sample O -of O -7 O -, O -455 O -men O -aged O -47 O -- O -54 O -yr O -. O -2 O -The O -two O -groups O -did O -not O -differ O -with O -respect O -to O -age O -, O -smoking B-Chemical -habits O -or O -cholesterol B-Chemical -values O -, O -but O -screening O -BPs O -were O -higher O -in O -the O -treatment O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dehydroepiandrosterone B-Chemical -hydroxylating O -enzyme O -system O -in O -the O -hair O -follicle O -has O -been O -characterized O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -remaining O -patient O -was O -immunosuppressed O -at O -the O -outset O -with O -antithymocyte B-Chemical -globulin I-Chemical -( O -ATG O -) O -and O -her O -first O -graft O -was O -successful O -. O - -aps B-category -Bowel O -habit O -, O -transit O -through O -the O -gut O -, O -faecal O -fibre O -excretion O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -balance O -and O -faecal O -composition O -were O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Bohr O -effect O -in O -Escherichia O -coli O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -consists O -of O -a O -single O -polypeptide O -chain O -of O -about O -60 O -000 O -molecular O -weight O -and O -has O -only O -one O -cysteine B-Chemical -residue O -which O -is O -essential O -for O -enzymatic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -catalyzes O -the O -esterification O -of O -5000 O -nmol O -of O -arginine O -to O -transfer O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -1 O -min O -/ O -mg O -of O -protein O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -and O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -to O -osmotically O -lysed O -spinach O -chloroplasts O -results O -in O -a O -reduction O -of O -the O -primary O -acceptor O -( O -Q O -) O -of O -photosystem O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -Uncouplers O -of O -phosphorylation O -do O -not O -affect O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -driven I-Chemical -reduction O -of O -Q O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -in O -vivo O -role O -for O -such O -a O -pathway O -in O -redox O -poising O -of O -cyclic O -electron O -transport O -and O -hence O -in O -controlling O -the O -ATP O -/ O -NADPH B-Chemical -supply O -ratio O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Proteoliposomes O -containing O -cytochrome O -c O -oxidase O -and O -phospholipid O -have O -been O -made O -by O -sonication O -and O -by O -the O -cholate B-Chemical -dialysis O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -Chromatophores O -were O -prepared O -from O -a O -non O -- O -sulfur O -purple O -bacterium O -, O -Rhodopseudomonas O -sphaeroides O -, O -in O -a O -low B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -salts O -of O -divalent O -cations O -( O -MgSO4 O -, O -MgCl O -- O -2 O -, O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -) O -were O -effective O -at O -concentrations O -lower O -than O -those O -of O -monovalent O -cation O -salts O -( O -NACl O -, O -KCl O -, O -Na2SO4 O -) O -by O -a O -factor O -of O -about O -50 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dependence O -of O -the O -pH O -jump O -- O -induced O -absorbance O -change O -on O -the O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -also O -consistent O -with O -the O -change O -in O -the O -charge O -density O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cross O -- O -linking O -is O -inhibited O -by O -pretreatment O -of O -the O -membrane O -with O -papain O -, O -or O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -carbohydrazide O -or O -glycine B-Chemical -ethyl O -ester O -in O -the O -reaction O -mixture O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -ferricyanide O -on O -Photosystem O -II O -reactions O -have O -been O -investigated O -by O -measurements O -of O -microsecond O -and O -millisecond O -prompt O -fluorescence O -and O -microsecond O -- O -delayed O -fluorescence O -in O -dark O -- O -adapted O -chloroplasts O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -Titrations O -using O -ferri O -- O -ferrocyanide O -mixtures O -on O -: O -( O -a O -) O -the O -fast O -phase O -of O -the O -increase O -in O -fluorescence O -yield O -observed O -during O -a O -xenon B-Chemical -flash O -, O -and O -( O -b O -) O -the O -normalised O -area O -above O -the O -millisecond O -fluorescence O -induction O -curve O -for O -chloroplasts O -inhibited O -by O -DCMU O -, O -showed O -a O -pH O -dependent O -mid O -point O -potential O -of O -400 O -mV O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -which O -varied O -by O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -existing O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carotene I-Chemical -appears O -to O -be O -transferred O -from O -the O -prolamellar O -bodies O -to O -the O -prothylakoids O -during O -early O -development O -and O -this O -ceases O -when O -freshly O -synthesized O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carotene I-Chemical -becomes O -available O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -reaction O -rate O -of O -this O -reagent O -with O -heat O -- O -denatured O -DNA O -was O -almost O -insensitive O -to O -these O -environmental O -variables O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -appraisal O -of O -the O -essential O -nature O -of O -the O -reactive O -thiol B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Identification O -, O -characterization O -and O -localization O -of O -a O -( O -Ca2 O -+ O -+ O -Mg2 O -+ O -) O -- O -activated O -purine B-Chemical -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphate O -phosphohydrolase O -from O -calcifying O -cartilage O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purine B-Chemical -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphate O -phosphatase O -hydrolyzed O -a O -more O -specific O -group O -of O -substrates O -, O -required O -Ca2 O -+ O -and O -Mg2 O -+ O -for O -optimal O -activity O -, O -remained O -unaffected O -by O -a O -potent O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -inhibitor O -, O -and O -demonstrated O -a O -narrower O -range O -of O -optimal O -pH O -for O -catalytic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -requires O -a O -free O -amino B-Chemical -group O -on O -the O -substrate O -and O -has O -a O -neutral O -pH O -optimum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -isolation O -of O -acyl O -- O -CoA O -derivatives O -as O -products O -of O -partial O -reactions O -in O -the O -microsomal O -chain O -elongation O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -incubations O -with O -beta O -- O -hydroxyacyl O -- O -CoA O -demonstrated O -that O -both O -the O -2 O -- O -trans O -derivatives O -and O -the O -alpha O -, O -beta O -- O -saturated O -product O -were O -recovered O -as O -their O -CoA O -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -reversible O -, O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -, O -protein O -reagent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -instability O -of O -the O -product O -with O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -makes O -the O -reagent O -a O -useful O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -group I-Chemical -specific O -protein O -reagent O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -these O -characteristics O -and O -the O -stability O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -derivative O -under O -physiological O -conditions O -( O -t1 O -/ O -2 O -for O -reversal O -= O -167 O -h O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -and O -room O -temperature O -) O -, O -nitrocyclohexylethoxyoxopyrroline O -can O -be O -a O -useful O -reagent O -in O -a O -wide O -variety O -of O -protein O -sequencing O -and O -structure O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -precipitating O -of O -effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -( O -SDS O -) O -on O -the O -egg O -white O -proteins O -ovalbumin O -, O -conalbumin O -and O -lysozyme O -was O -studied O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -and O -at O -different O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -diabetes O -and O -of O -starvation O -on O -the O -lysyl O -oxidase O -activity O -of O -rat O -lung O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -starvation O -of O -rats O -produced O -a O -rapid O -loss O -of O -lung O -lysyl O -oxidase O -activity O -, O -with O -levels O -approximating O -25 O -% O -of O -control O -values O -after O -48 O -- O -- O -72 O -h O -of O -starvation O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -kinetics O -are O -unaffected O -by O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -and O -concanavalin O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -pH O -on O -tryptophane O -residues O -in O -phosphorylase O -kinase O -was O -determined O -by O -iodide O -quenching O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -fluorescence O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -equality O -of O -isotope O -effects O -in O -potassium B-Chemical -salts O -and O -ammonium B-Chemical -solution O -suggests O -that O -a O -specific O -effect O -of O -ammonium B-Chemical -ion O -as O -a O -proton O -donor O -affects O -the O -ATPase O -reaction O -of O -myosin O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -regions O -on O -the O -conductometric O -titration O -curve O -corresponding O -to O -titration O -of O -: O -1 O -) O -primary O -phosphoryl O -groups O -2 O -) O -guanine O -3 O -) O -adenine O -4 O -) O -adenine O -and O -cytosine B-Chemical -in O -half O -- O -protonated O -pairs O -5 O -) O -thymine O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -adsorbates O -of O -PC O -+ O -APC O -on O -Sephadexes O -G O -- O -200 O -and O -G O -- O -25 O -, O -diethylaminoethylcellulose O -, O -carboxyethylcellulose O -, O -Bacto O -- O -agar O -, O -Lifogel O -, O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -, O -Dowex O -50Wx2 O -, O -and O -aluminum B-Chemical -oxide O -are O -capable O -of O -sensitizing O -the O -photoreduction O -of O -methyl O -red O -by O -ascorbid O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Stability O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -human O -cells O -cultivated O -in O -vitro O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -addition O -of O -NADP O -- O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -buffers O -and O -crystalline O -NADP O -to O -the O -heteroploid O -cell O -extracts O -stabilizes O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -constants O -of O -inhibition O -by O -the O -above O -- O -mentioned O -compounds O -were O -calculated O -with O -respect O -to O -ATP O -, O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -transhydrogenase O -- O -induced O -increase O -of O -pPCB O -in O -the O -suspension O -of O -particles O -is O -directly O -correlated O -with O -the O -ratio O -of O -( O -[ O -NADPH B-Chemical -] O -. O -[ O -NAD O -+ O -] O -) O -/ O -( O -[ O -NADP O -+ O -] O -. O -[ O -NADH O -] O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -enzymatic O -activities O -were O -studied O -in O -long O -ter O -cultures O -of O -human O -liver O -cells O -: O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphatase I-Chemical -, O -U O -. O -D O -. O -P O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -weak O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -has O -been O -found O -in O -12 O -subcultures O -, O -and O -it O -has O -not O -been O -increased O -by O -addition O -of O -corticoids O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -are O -interpreted O -in O -terms O -of O -the O -role O -of O -solvent O -in O -the O -stabilization O -of O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -structure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -method O -involves O -fractionation O -of O -papain O -protein O -hydrolysate O -on O -a O -column O -with O -DEAE O -- O -( O -or O -DE O -- O -32 O -) O -- O -cellulose O -adjusted O -with O -0 O -. O -005 O -M O -K B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -buffer O -, O -pH O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -new O -Soviet O -tranquilizer O -phenazepam O -given O -to O -rats O -intraperitoneally O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -daily O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -capable O -of O -suppressing O -ethanol B-Chemical -addiction O -produced O -by O -2 O -- O -month O -intake O -of O -5 O -% O -ethanolic O -solution O -as O -the O -only O -source O -of O -liquid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -capacity O -of O -the O -spleen O -, O -bone O -marrow O -and O -thymus O -cells O -from O -CBA O -mice O -( O -intact O -, O -adrenalectomized O -, O -and O -those O -treated O -with O -single O -or O -repeated O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -injections O -) O -to O -induce O -the O -lymph O -node O -type O -of O -" O -graft O -- O -versus O -- O -host O -" O -reaction O -( O -GVHR O -) O -in O -( O -CBA O -X O -C57BL O -) O -F1 O -hybrid O -recipients O -was O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -and O -particularly O -15 O -days O -after O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -injection O -the O -spleen O -cells O -became O -less O -active O -. O - -aps B-category -Redissolved O -euglobulin O -precipitate O -prepared O -from O -normal O -plasma O -without O -salt B-Chemical -addition O -could O -serve O -as O -starting O -material O -for O -the O -generation O -of O -caseinolytic O -activity O -, O -as O -could O -serum O -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -Hageman O -factor O -cofactor O -and O -thrombin O -are O -not O -required O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Sickle O -cell O -anemia O -and O -blood O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -order O -of O -the O -relative O -activity O -of O -these O -agents O -on O -the O -tracheobronchial O -smooth O -muscles O -( O -TBSM O -) O -was O -carbachol B-Chemical -& O -gt O -; O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -& O -gt O -; O -histamine B-Chemical -; O -PGF O -( O -2alpha O -) O -and O -Bk O -were O -inactive O -. O - -aps B-category -Tachyphylaxis O -or O -desensitization O -to O -subsequent O -antigen O -challenge O -was O -invariably O -observed O -; O -it O -was O -followed O -after O -1 O -to O -2 O -h O -of O -rest O -by O -partial O -recovery O -of O -the O -anaphylactic O -response O -. O -4 O -Mepyramine O -selectively O -antagonized O -responses O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -without O -altering O -responses O -to O -carbachol B-Chemical -and O -antigen O -. O -5 O -Metiamide O -, O -an O -H O -( O -2 O -) O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -did O -not O -influence O -responses O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -carbachol B-Chemical -or O -horse O -plasma O -. O -6 O -Indomethacin B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -ineffective O -as O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -the O -Schultz O -- O -Dale O -anaphylactic O -reaction O -. O -7 O -The O -results O -showed O -the O -presence O -of O -H O -( O -1 O -) O -- B-Chemical -histamine I-Chemical -receptors O -mediating O -constriction O -in O -the O -peripheral O -airways O -of O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -vascular O -histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -arterial O -pressure O -measurements O -alone O -do O -not O -permit O -the O -separation O -of O -responses O -into O -cardiac O -and O -vascular O -components O -, O -the O -following O -experiments O -were O -undertaken O -to O -study O -vascular O -histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -metiamide O -, O -the O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -did O -not O -affect O -vasodilatation O -caused O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -but O -did O -attenuate O -vasodilatation O -which O -persisted O -after O -mepyramine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonists O -and O -metiamide O -on O -clonidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -locomotor O -stimulation O -in O -the O -infant O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -The O -effect O -was O -reduced O -significantly O -by O -a O -preceding O -intraperitoneal O -injection O -of O -phentolamine B-Chemical -( O -7 O -. O -9 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -mol O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -phenoxybenzamine O -( O -7 O -. O -4 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -mol O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -yohimbine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -3 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -mol O -/ O -kg O -) O -or O -piperoxan O -( O -7 O -. O -4 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -mol O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -Metiamide O -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -mol O -/ O -kg O -, O -5 O -. O -0 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -mol O -/ O -kg O -and O -1 O -. O -0 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -mol O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -blocker O -, O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -clonidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -locomotor O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -phase O -was O -resistant O -to O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonists O -but O -the O -second O -was O -reduced O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -related O -manner O -in O -the O -order O -of O -potency O -prazosin B-Chemical -greater O -than O -azapetine O -greater O -than O -phentolamine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -labetalol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -yohimbine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Prazosin B-Chemical -produced O -the O -most O -straightforward O -inhibition O -of O -responses O -with O -relative O -resistance O -of O -the O -early O -rapid O -component O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -The O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonists O -, O -oxymetazoline O -and O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -reduced O -while O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -increased O -responses O -to O -trains O -of O -stimuli O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -Isolated O -ilea O -from O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -implanted O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -pellets O -were O -stimulated O -coaxially O -, O -either O -with O -or O -without O -morphine B-Chemical -present O -in O -the O -bath O -fluid O -, O -and O -the O -longitudinal O -contractions O -recorded O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -state O -of O -' O -withdrawal O -' O -was O -readily O -reversed O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -levorphanol O -but O -not O -its O -inactive O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -isomer O -, O -dextrophan O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -The O -inhibitory O -effects O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphate O -were O -reduced O -at O -low O -but O -not O -at O -high O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -infection O -by O -urea B-Chemical -splitting O -organisms O -, O -estimation O -of O -urinary O -pH O -of O -hydroephrotic O -kidneys O -was O -found O -to O -be O -a O -reliable O -method O -for O -determination O -of O -recovery O -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -Phentolamine B-Chemical -( O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Risk O -factors O -in O -calcium B-Chemical -stone O -disease O -of O -the O -urinary O -tract O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -main O -risk O -factors O -involved O -are O -shown O -to O -be O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -oxalate O -, O -pH O -, O -acid O -mucopolysaccharides O -and O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -[ O -3H O -] O -GABA B-Chemical -binding O -to O -cortical O -membranes O -was O -reduced O -67 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -total O -presynaptic O -markers O -for O -noradrenergic O -innervation O -were O -minimally O -altered O -but O -concentration O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -, O -[ O -3H O -] O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -synaptosomal O -uptake O -and O -endogenous O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -were O -increased O -by O -275 O -% O -, O -130 O -% O -and O -133 O -% O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -false O -transmitter O -for O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -5 O -- O -hydroxydopamine O -( O -5 O -- O -OHDA O -) O -, O -is O -localized O -to O -smooth O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -or O -large O -vesicular O -structures O -which O -approach O -the O -dendritic O -surface O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -surface O -and O -subsurface O -structures O -stain O -preferentially O -for O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -( O -CAT O -) O -, O -the O -synthesizing O -enzyme O -for O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -striatal O -synaptosomes O -under O -depolarizing O -conditions O -( O -veratridine B-Chemical -or O -KCl O -) O -increased O -the O -release O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -and O -produced O -a O -small O -increase O -in O -DA O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -depolarization O -may O -increase O -DA O -synthesis O -by O -reducing O -the O -inhibition O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -by O -end O -- O -product O -. O - -aps B-category -Rotational O -behaviour O -can O -be O -induced O -in O -rats O -with O -unilateral O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -induced O -degeneration O -of O -the O -neostriatum O -and O -adjacent O -regions O -by O -means O -of O -dopaminergic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Blockade O -of O -the O -rotations O -by O -a O -number O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonists O -indicates O -dopaminergic O -involvement O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -rotation O -data O -from O -experiments O -at O -intact O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -with O -those O -from O -experiments O -at O -supersensitive O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -revealed O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -A O -marked O -decrease O -of O -the O -threshold O -dose O -for O -induction O -of O -rotational O -behaviour O -in O -the O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OHDA I-Chemical -lesioned O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -2 O -) O -A O -higher O -peak O -activity O -of O -rotations O -in O -rats O -with O -supersensitive O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -present O -report O -suggests O -: O -( O -a O -) O -that O -a O -behavioural O -model O -for O -studies O -of O -drugs O -acting O -at O -intact O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -can O -be O -obtained O -by O -unilateral O -neostriatal O -kainate B-Chemical -injections O -and O -( O -b O -) O -that O -development O -of O -dopaminergic O -supersensitivity O -involves O -increased O -affinity O -of O -the O -receptors O -for O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -agonists O -and O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -coupling O -to O -its O -biological O -effector O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Peripheral O -sensory O -stimulation O -and O -the O -release O -of O -transmitter O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -vivo O -from O -specific O -regions O -of O -cerebral O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrical O -stimulation O -of O -the O -brachial O -plexus O -contralateral O -to O -the O -superfusion O -cannula O -increased O -significantly O -the O -release O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -from O -the O -sensorimotor O -cortex O -of O -anaesthetized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -the O -ipsilateral O -plexus O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Weak O -photic O -stimulation O -of O -the O -eyes O -of O -dark O -- O -adapted O -rats O -increased O -glutamate B-Chemical -release O -from O -the O -visual O -cortex O -but O -caused O -no O -significant O -change O -in O -the O -release O -of O -other O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Choline O -acetyltransferase O -( O -ChAT O -) O -, O -acetylcholinesterase O -( O -AChE O -) O -and O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -( O -GAD O -) O -activities O -were O -measured O -in O -20 O -brain O -regions O -from O -autopsied O -control O -and O -senile O -dementia O -of O -the O -Alzheimer O -type O -( O -SDAT O -) O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Mapping O -studies O -with O -central O -drug O -injections O -in O -the O -hungry O -rat O -have O -identified O -the O -perifornical O -lateral O -hypothalamus O -as O -being O -uniquely O -sensitive O -to O -the O -feeding O -suppressive O -effects O -of O -exogenous O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -as O -well O -as O -anorexic O -drugs O -which O -release O -endogenous O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -sites O -, O -studied O -via O -direct O -drug O -injection O -into O -the O -perifornical O -hypothalamus O -of O -freely O -moving O -, O -brain O -- O -cannulated O -rats O -, O -were O -found O -to O -be O -most O -responsive O -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -, O -but O -were O -also O -activated O -by O -other O -catecholamine B-Chemical -receptor O -stimulants O -, O -with O -the O -order O -of O -potency O -being O -dopamine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -apomorphine B-Chemical -= O -epinine O -greater O -than O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -potency O -of O -the O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -and O -structurally O -related O -compounds O -was O -calculated O -to O -be O -haloperidol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -pimozide O -greater O -than O -promazine O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -thus O -reveal O -properties O -of O -these O -hypothalamic O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -, O -feeding O -inhibitory O -sites O -which O -match O -to O -a O -large O -extent O -the O -characteristics O -recently O -identified O -for O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -periphery O -and O -extrahypothalamic O -brain O -areas O -. O - -aps B-category -Septal O -lesions O -( O -SL O -) O -in O -female O -rats O -result O -in O -an O -increased O -sensitivity O -to O -the O -behavioral O -effects O -of O -acute O -estradiol B-Chemical -benzoate O -( O -ACUTE O -- O -EB O -; O -2 O -microgram O -/ O -day O -X O -3 O -) O -treatment O -as O -measured O -by O -the O -lordosis O -quotient O -( O -LQ O -: O -number O -of O -lordotic O -responses O -X O -100 O -/ O -number O -of O -mounts O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -( O -GAD O -) O -activity O -in O -both O -the O -substantia O -nigra O -and O -ventral O -tegmentum O -was O -significantly O -increased O -in O -the O -SL O -- O -EB O -males O -given O -ACUTE O -- O -EB O -relative O -to O -that O -of O -all O -other O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Light O -microscopic O -techniques O -such O -as O -fluorescence O -histochemistry O -, O -immunocytochemistry O -, O -autoradiography O -, O -silver B-Chemical -degeneration O -techniques O -, O -and O -retrograde O -tracing O -technique O -are O -suitable O -for O -studying O -the O -topography O -of O -pathways O -but O -, O -due O -to O -limits O -of O -resolution O -, O -they O -are O -inadequate O -for O -identifying O -terminals O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Similar O -distribution O -of O -the O -activities O -of O -neutral O -alpha O -- O -glucosidase O -( O -gamma O -- O -amylase O -) O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphatase I-Chemical -in O -subcellular O -fractions O -from O -rat O -and O -trout O -livers O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -subcellular O -fractions O -from O -rat O -and O -trout O -hepatocytes O -, O -the O -distribution O -patterns O -of O -neutral O -alpha O -- O -glucosidase O -and O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphatase I-Chemical -appear O -to O -be O -very O -similar O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -closely O -linked O -to O -the O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -, O -and O -are O -somewhat O -related O -to O -the O -particular O -glycogen O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -newly O -synthesized O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -drug O -BHC O -( O -N O -, O -N O -' O -- O -bis O -[ O -6 O -- O -( O -10 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methoxybenzyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -) O -- O -a O -- O -hexyl O -] O -cystamine O -) O -was O -found O -to O -block O -irreversibly O -the O -positive O -inotropic O -effect O -of O -the O -sympathomimetic O -drug O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -on O -the O -isolated O -rat O -left O -atrium O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -perfused O -frog O -heart O -low O -temperature O -did O -not O -lead B-Chemical -BHC O -to O -inhibit O -the O -inotropic O -effect O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -, O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -or O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -L O -- O -Alanosine O -, O -a O -new O -antitumor O -antibiotic O -, O -is O -shown O -to O -be O -accepted O -as O -a O -substrate O -by O -the O -enzymes O -of O -de O -novo O -purine B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -which O -ordinarily O -use O -L O -- O -aspartic O -acid O -as O -a O -substrate O -; O -as O -a O -consequence O -of O -this O -interaction O -, O -an O -anabolite O -is O -thought O -to O -be O -produced O -which O -impairs O -the O -formation O -of O -adenine O -nucleotides O -by O -inhibiting O -adenylosuccinate O -synthetase O -, O -leading O -to O -an O -interruption O -in O -DNA O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfoximine O -analogs O -on O -the O -synthesis O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -: O -possible O -chemotherapeutic O -implications O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degree O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -depletion O -in O -the O -circulation O -of O -mice O -, O -however O -, O -was O -the O -same O -during O -a O -24 O -- O -hour O -period O -after O -injection O -of O -native O -or O -modified O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -does O -not O -discriminate O -between O -rigor O -and O -rised O -cytosolic O -calcium B-Chemical -as O -mechanisms O -causing O -hypoxic O -contracture O -, O -but O -demonstrates O -that O -hypoxic O -contracture O -is O -not O -directly O -dependent O -on O -the O -availability O -of O -intracellular O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -I O -. O -Enzymatic O -mechanisms O -in O -changes O -in O -cAMP B-Chemical -and O -cGMP B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -Balb O -/ O -c O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Protection O -against O -mercuric O -chloride B-Chemical -nephropathy O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -selenite O -in O -the O -rat O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -activity O -of O -urines O -GGT O -allows O -, O -in O -vivo O -, O -to O -establish O -that O -sodium B-Chemical -selenite O -protects O -Rat O -kidney O -against O -toxic O -effects O -of O -mercuric O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -reagent O -pH O -on O -determination O -of O -high O -- O -density O -lipoprotein O -cholesterol B-Chemical -by O -precipitation O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphotungstate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -magnesium I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Optimum O -concentrations O -of O -precipitation O -reagents O -, O -determined O -after O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphotungstate O -reagent O -was O -standardized O -to O -pH O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distribution O -of O -high O -- O -density O -lipoprotein O -cholesterol B-Chemical -in O -a O -healthy O -adult O -population O -was O -skewed O -to O -the O -left O -for O -women O -( O -n O -= O -34 O -; O -mean O -= O -660 O -mg O -/ O -L O -) O -and O -bi O -- O -modal O -for O -men O -( O -n O -= O -44 O -; O -mean O -= O -460 O -mg O -/ O -mL O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -a O -fixed O -- O -time O -, O -enzymatic O -, O -reaction O -- O -rate O -procedure O -for O -determining O -plasma O -ammonia B-Chemical -with O -a O -centrifugal O -analyzer O -( O -Rotochem O -IIA O -/ O -36 O -; O -American O -Instrument O -Co O -. O -, O -silver B-Chemical -Spring O -, O -MD O -20910 O -) O -, O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -as O -cofactor O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -minimizes O -interference O -from O -endogenous O -reactions O -such O -as O -that O -between O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -has O -been O -co O -- O -immobilized O -with O -these O -enzymes O -, O -and O -with O -this O -system O -it O -is O -possible O -to O -quantitate O -1 O -pmol O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -striking O -difference O -was O -the O -apparently O -more O -efficient O -conversion O -of O -NADH O -or O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -to O -light O -by O -the O -immobilized O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotic O -measurement O -by O -bioluminescence O -, O -with O -use O -of O -plasmid O -- O -coded O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inactivating I-Chemical -enzymes O -were O -used O -: O -an O -adenylytransferase O -and O -an O -acetyltransferase O -coupled O -to O -S O -- O -acetyl O -coenzymeA O -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -operating O -range O -of O -the O -assay O -was O -0 O -- O -15 O -mg O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -per O -liter O -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -uptake O -and O -nephrotoxicity O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -during O -urinary O -alkalinization O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -injections O -with O -gentamicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -altered O -urinary O -pH O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Nephrotoxicity O -resulting O -from O -chronic O -treatment O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -was O -ameliorated O -by O -concomitant O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxicological O -determination O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -in O -serum O -: O -methods O -and O -concentrations O -associated O -with O -high O -- O -dose O -intravenous O -therapy O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -common O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -( O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -oxazepam B-Chemical -, O -clorazepate O -, O -flurazepam B-Chemical -, O -and O -chlordiazepoxide O -) O -and O -/ O -or O -their O -major O -metabolites O -are O -extracted O -from O -a O -buffered O -serum O -sample O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -2 O -by O -a O -mixture O -of O -toluene O -, O -hexane O -, O -and O -isoamyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -N O -- O -desmethyldiazepam O -, O -and O -oxazepam B-Chemical -concentrations O -several O -times O -higher O -than O -usually O -encountered O -therapeutically O -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -long O -- O -term O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -tuberoinfundibular O -system O -: O -development O -of O -tolerance O -? O - -aps B-category -Circadian O -rhythm O -in O -brain O -catecholamine B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -teleost O -: O -Anguilla O -anguilla O -L O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -ion O -on O -the O -mechanical O -responses O -of O -Mytilus O -smooth O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Seasonal O -and O -social O -determinants O -of O -urinary O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -the O -lesser O -mouse O -lemur O -( O -Microcebus O -murinus O -, O -Cheirogaleinae O -, O -primates O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -in O -the O -control O -of O -pedal O -ciliary O -activity O -by O -identified O -neurons O -in O -Tritonia O -diomedea O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanisms O -that O -govern O -the O -binding O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -to O -hemoglobin O -have O -been O -defined O -in O -even O -greater O -detail O -and O -higher O -orders O -of O -accuracy O -, O -even O -to O -the O -ends O -of O -the O -oxyhemoglobin O -dissociation O -curve O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -constant O -has O -become O -a O -variable O -, O -subject O -to O -the O -interactions O -of O -temperature O -, O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -, O -organic O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -and O -ionic O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Unicam O -Spectrophotometer O -, O -the O -IL O -282 O -CO O -- O -Oximeter O -, O -and O -the O -Hemoscan O -were O -used O -to O -measure O -the O -in O -vitro O -P50 O -using O -1 O -, O -20 O -- O -- O -45 O -, O -and O -50 O -% O -hematocrit O -values O -of O -red O -blood O -cells O -suspended O -in O -autologous O -plasma O -or O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffered O -saline O -at O -pH O -of O -6 O -. O -7 O -- O -- O -7 O -. O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -Automated O -method O -for O -determination O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -equilibrium O -curves O -of O -red O -cell O -suspensions O -under O -controlled O -buffer O -conditions O -and O -its O -clinical O -applications O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -this O -instrument O -, O -the O -effects O -of O -pH O -, O -temperature O -, O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -, O -anticoagulants O -, O -and O -buffers O -on O -the O -OEC O -of O -normal O -fresh O -blood O -have O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -on O -the O -role O -of O -the O -position O -of O -the O -oxyhemoglobin O -equilibrium O -curve O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -erythropoiesis O -during O -the O -" O -anemia O -of O -prematurity O -" O -demonstrate O -that O -the O -ability O -to O -unload O -oxygen B-Chemical -is O -more O -important O -than O -the O -absolute O -hemoglobin O -level O -in O -both O -the O -stimulus O -to O -erythropoietin O -production O -and O -the O -clinical O -manifestations O -of O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -or O -more O -of O -the O -several O -components O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -system O -may O -function O -abnormally O -in O -critical O -illness O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -several O -components O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -system O -can O -be O -influenced O -by O -therapeutic O -maneuvers O -, O -but O -the O -result O -may O -not O -necessarily O -be O -a O -net O -benefit O -. O - -aps B-category -Bactericidal O -action O -of O -an O -average O -dose O -of O -erythromycin B-Chemical -in O -the O -bronchi O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -two O -patients O -suffering O -from O -an O -acute O -attack O -of O -chronic O -bronchitis O -, O -sustained O -by O -streptococci O -, O -diplococci O -, O -staphylococci O -or O -H O -. O -influenzae O -sensitive O -to O -erythromycin B-Chemical -, O -were O -treated O -with O -1500 O -mg O -erythromycin B-Chemical -per O -day O -until O -symptoms O -regressed O -, O -usually O -within O -3 O -to O -5 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Re O -- O -evaluation O -of O -the O -antimineralocorticoid O -effect O -of O -the O -spironolactone B-Chemical -metabolite O -, O -canrenone O -, O -from O -plasma O -concentrations O -determined O -by O -a O -new O -high O -- O -pressure O -liquid O -- O -chromatographic O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -( O -meperidine B-Chemical -) O -and O -norpethidine B-Chemical -( O -normeperidine O -) O -have O -been O -investigated O -after O -iv O -administration O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Norpethidine O -, O -metabolically O -formed O -from O -pethidine B-Chemical -, O -reached O -maximum O -plasma O -concentrations O -after O -30 O -min O -and O -declined O -biexponentially O -with O -half O -- O -lives O -of O -66 O -. O -8 O -and O -301 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -pharmacokinetic O -data O -were O -compared O -with O -the O -time O -course O -of O -analgesia O -, O -the O -plasma O -levels O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -could O -be O -correlated O -with O -the O -analgesic O -effect O -after O -the O -first O -rapid O -distribution O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -Accumulation O -of O -norpethidine B-Chemical -was O -demonstrated O -to O -occur O -, O -which O -may O -be O -of O -importance O -when O -toxic O -and O -analgesic O -effects O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -are O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -isolated O -perfused O -rat O -kidney O -was O -used O -to O -investigate O -the O -effect O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -on O -the O -renal O -excretion O -and O -metabolism O -of O -choline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Tubular O -excretion O -of O -choline B-Chemical -was O -demonstrated O -and O -a O -transport O -maximum O -( O -Tm O -) O -of O -1 O -. O -6 O -mumol O -/ O -kidney O -/ O -min O -was O -reached O -at O -a O -choline B-Chemical -perfusate O -concentration O -of O -1 O -. O -2 O -mM O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -loss O -of O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -choline I-Chemical -from O -the O -perfusate O -was O -increased O -by O -the O -lower O -ethanol B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -decreased O -by O -the O -higher O -ethanol B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -either O -50 O -or O -100 O -mM O -ethanol B-Chemical -increased O -both O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -and O -urine O -volume O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -is O -inhibited O -by O -hemoglobin O -and O -catalase O -, O -whose O -presence O -in O -unwashed O -microsomes O -could O -terminate O -the O -N O -- O -oxidation O -of O -phentermine B-Chemical -at O -the O -hydroxylamine O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -only O -metabolite O -in O -plasma O -was O -( O -2 O -- O -fluoro O -- O -4 O -' O -- O -biphenylyl O -) O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -which O -also O -possessed O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -eliminated O -metabolite O -was O -( O -4 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -2 O -- O -fluoro O -- O -4 O -' O -- O -biphenylyl O -) O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tissue O -distribution O -and O -metabolism O -of O -35S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfadiazine I-Chemical -( O -I O -, O -SDZ O -) O -alone O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -( O -TMP O -) O -was O -studied O -in O -the O -male O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -amounts O -of O -sulfadiazine B-Chemical -and O -its O -metabolites O -excreted O -in O -the O -urine O -and O -feces O -as O -well O -as O -the O -distribution O -of O -intact O -drug O -and O -35S O -in O -rat O -tissues O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -larger O -MLV O -ranged O -in O -diameter O -from O -0 O -. O -1 O -to O -2 O -. O -6 O -mu O -and O -the O -smaller O -from O -0 O -. O -1 O -to O -1 O -. O -5 O -mu O -, O -and O -both O -were O -composed O -of O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -/ O -phosphatidylcholine O -/ O -cholesterol B-Chemical -in O -the O -molar O -ratio O -1 O -: O -4 O -: O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Almost O -all O -of O -the O -3H O -associated O -with O -lung O -at O -all O -times O -for O -both O -large O -and O -small O -MLV O -could O -be O -accounted O -for O -by O -unchanged O -ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Biotransformation O -of O -mazindol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -value O -is O -somewhat O -higher O -than O -predicted O -by O -the O -single O -- O -dose O -data O -, O -indicating O -that O -in O -man O -, O -mazindol B-Chemical -does O -not O -induce O -its O -own O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolism O -of O -DL O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -verapamil B-Chemical -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Verapamil B-Chemical -was O -extensively O -metabolized O -; O -only O -3 O -- O -- O -4 O -% O -of O -the O -dose O -was O -excreted O -in O -the O -urine O -as O -unchanged O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Inasmuch O -as O -approximately O -10 O -times O -more O -of O -the O -metabolites O -formed O -from O -the O -tertiary O -amine B-Chemical -verapamil B-Chemical -are O -secondary O -amines B-Chemical -than O -are O -primary O -amines B-Chemical -, O -it O -would O -seem O -that O -N O -- O -dealkylation O -of O -this O -tertiary O -amine B-Chemical -proceeds O -at O -a O -much O -higher O -rate O -than O -the O -N O -- O -dealkylation O -of O -the O -secondary O -amine B-Chemical -metabolites O -to O -primary O -amine B-Chemical -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -Less O -than O -10 O -% O -of O -the O -dose O -was O -N O -- O -demethylated O -to O -secondary O -and O -primary O -amines B-Chemical -, O -and O -about O -2 O -% O -was O -excreted O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolism O -of O -oxycodone B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -the O -rabbit O -and O -found O -to O -proceed O -through O -five O -metabolic O -pathways O -: O -O O -- O -demethylation O -, O -N O -- O -demethylation O -, O -N O -- O -oxidation O -, O -6 O -- O -keto O -reduction O -, O -and O -glucuronidation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pretreated I-Chemical -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -and O -under O -oxidative O -conditions O -, O -metyrapone O -is O -transformed O -in O -vitro O -into O -reduced O -metyrapone O -and O -two O -other O -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nature O -of O -the O -metabolites O -as O -N O -- O -oxides O -located O -on O -either O -pyridine O -ring O -was O -established O -by O -physical O -methodologies O -, O -mainly O -electron O -- O -impact O -and O -chemical O -- O -ionization O -mass O -spectrometry O -, O -and O -also O -by O -chemical O -reactions O -with O -titanous O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Enhancement O -of O -reductive O -metabolism O -of O -p O -- O -nitrobenzoate O -and O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -in O -isolated O -perfused O -rat O -liver O -by O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -reduced O -metabolites O -under O -control O -conditions O -( O -0 O -. O -3 O -mumol O -per O -g O -of O -liver O -per O -hr O -) O -was O -enhanced O -fivefold O -( O -1 O -. O -4 O -mumol O -/ O -g O -/ O -hr O -) O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -( O -38 O -mM O -) O -, O -thus O -reaching O -hepatic O -reductase O -activities O -occurring O -under O -anaerobic O -conditions O -( O -1 O -. O -4 O -mumol O -/ O -g O -/ O -hr O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -led O -to O -a O -marked O -stimulation O -of O -nitroreductase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Reductive O -azo O -cleavage O -of O -salazosulfamide O -was O -not O -enhanced O -by O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distribution O -of O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -in O -liver O -and O -perfusate O -was O -not O -altered O -by O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -cofactors O -are O -needed O -for O -the O -metabolic O -reduction O -. O - -aps B-category -Cupric O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -mercuric O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -cysteamine O -, O -FAD O -, O -and O -FMN O -decreased O -significantly O -the O -C O -- O -nitroso O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -Solute O -treatment O -also O -stimulated O -the O -activities O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -the O -N O -- O -oxidation O -of O -N O -, O -N O -- O -dimethylaniline O -, O -and O -the O -fluorescent O -interaction O -of O -8 O -- O -anilino O -- O -1 O -- O -naphthalenesulfonic O -acid O -( O -ANS O -) O -with O -hepatic O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -carried O -out O -studies O -on O -cats O -, O -guinea O -pigs O -, O -rats O -and O -mice O -, O -using O -isolated O -smooth O -muscle O -organs O -( O -bronchi O -, O -ileum O -of O -guinea O -pig O -) O -, O -and O -examined O -bronchodilatating O -, O -diuretic B-Chemical -, O -antihistaminic O -action O -and O -acute O -toxiticy O -of O -three O -N O -- O -basic O -substituted O -derivatives O -of O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -dimethiylxanthine O -( O -theophyline O -) O -namely O -: O -7 O -- O -bis O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -hydroximethyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethyl I-Chemical -theophyline O -under O -the O -form O -of O -a O -base O -( O -compound O -G111 O -, O -tartarate O -( O -G112 O -) O -and O -nicotinate O -( O -G113 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -experimental O -results O -and O -some O -advantages O -of O -the O -examined O -compounds O -( O -good O -solubility O -, O -low O -toxicity O -) O -perspectives O -are O -seen O -for O -their O -eventual O -clinical O -trial O -as O -bronchodilatating O -and O -diuretic B-Chemical -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -beta O -- O -blockers O -can O -be O -given O -once O -daily O -in O -hypertension O -, O -but O -at O -presnt O -the O -evidence O -for O -effective O -control O -with O -a O -once O -daily O -regimen O -is O -more O -convincing O -with O -atenolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Atenolol O -has O -been O -well O -tolerated O -in O -most O -patients O -, O -its O -profile O -of O -adverse O -reactions O -generally O -resembling O -that O -of O -other O -beta O -- O -blocking O -drugs O -, O -although O -its O -low O -lipid O -solubility O -and O -limited O -penetration O -into O -the O -brain O -results O -in O -a O -lower O -incidence O -of O -central O -nervous O -system O -effects O -than O -seen O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -induced O -by O -placing O -a O -animal O -in O -an O -inescapable O -situation O -is O -particularly O -sensitive O -to O -antidepressants B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -disinhibitory O -agents O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mode O -of O -action O -and O -the O -site O -of O -action O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -is O -discussed O -, O -focussed O -on O -the O -existence O -of O -an O -endogeneous O -ligand O -displacing O -the O -binding O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Conformational O -changes O -in O -bovine O -- O -liver O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -: O -a O -spin O -- O -label O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -marked O -change O -in O -the O -properties O -of O -the O -spin O -- O -labelled O -enzyme O -is O -a O -fivefold O -decrease O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -reduction O -of O -the O -coenzyme O -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -and O -no O -change O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -oxidation O -by O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -conformational O -change O -upon O -addition O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -to O -the O -spin O -- O -labelled O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -happens O -in O -a O -concerted O -way O -between O -20 O -and O -80 O -% O -saturation O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -ADP O -and O -ATP O -with O -a O -spin O -- O -label O -linked O -to O -the O -terminal O -phosphate B-Chemical -are O -activators O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -bind O -to O -the O -same O -site O -as O -the O -activator O -ADP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -spin O -- O -labelled O -activators O -interact O -with O -ketone B-Chemical -spin O -- O -labelled O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -the O -same O -way O -as O -with O -native O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -relative O -to O -the O -activator O -site O -, O -but O -show O -a O -stronger O -binding O -to O -the O -coenzyme O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -studies O -of O -the O -linewidth O -of O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -and O -NADP O -+ O -bound O -to O -their O -functional O -sites O -on O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -without O -and O -with O -spin O -- O -labels O -result O -in O -distances O -between O -the O -ligand O -nuclei O -and O -the O -spin O -- O -labels O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -consists O -of O -a O -hemin O -prosthetic O -group O -, O -2 O -Ca2 O -+ O -and O -308 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -, O -including O -4 O -disulfide O -bridges O -, O -in O -a O -single O -polypeptide O -chain O -that O -carries O -8 O -neutral O -carbohydrate O -side O -- O -chains O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -paper O -discusses O -( O -a O -) O -isoelectric O -points O -and O -charge O -distribution O -within O -the O -native O -protein O -, O -the O -apoprotein O -and O -the O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -fragments O -, O -( O -b O -) O -a O -buried O -pyrrolidonecarboxylyl O -amino B-Chemical -terminus O -, O -( O -c O -) O -heterogeneity O -at O -the O -carboxyl O -terminus O -, O -and O -( O -d O -) O -a O -possible O -domain O -structure O -, O -likely O -from O -partial O -tryptic O -digestion O -. O - -aps B-category -Differences O -were O -previously O -found O -in O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -/ O -hemoglobin O -ratio O -and O -in O -the O -heat O -stability O -of O -the O -enzyme O -in O -hemolysates O -of O -' O -old O -' O -and O -' O -young O -' O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -higher O -ionic O -strength O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -M O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -) O -the O -binding O -profile O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ADP I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dissociation O -constant O -( O -pH8 O -at O -5 O -degrees O -C O -) O -is O -about O -8 O -microM O -, O -and O -the O -affinity O -for O -uncomplexed O -ADP O -is O -thus O -only O -slightly O -weaker O -than O -that O -for O -magnesium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ADP I-Chemical - -aps B-category -Nbr8ADP O -+ O -was O -found O -to O -be O -active O -in O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -transfer O -adn O -io3PdADP O -+ O -is O -a O -coenzyme O -competitive O -inhibitor O -for O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -NADPH B-Chemical -density O -is O -the O -most O -clearly O -defined O -and O -has O -thus O -been O -used O -to O -fit O -a O -molecular O -model O -using O -an O -interactive O -graphics O -system O -, O -checking O -for O -preferred O -geometry O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulus O -- O -secretion O -coupling O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -insulin O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -if O -pH O -was O -lowered O -to O -6 O -. O -0 O -, O -thick O -filaments O -were O -present O -and O -addition O -of O -dimethyl O -sulfoxide O -( O -DMSO B-Chemical -) O -led O -to O -a O -greater O -number O -of O -thick O -filaments O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -calcium B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -) O -caused O -a O -higher O -proportion O -of O -rod O -- O -shaped O -filaments O -, O -while O -in O -high O -calcium B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -) O -most O -thick O -filaments O -were O -ribbons O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolites O -of O -3 O -- O -hydrazino O -- O -6 O -- O -[ O -bis O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -hydroxyethyl O -) O -amino B-Chemical -] O -pyridazine O -dihydrochloride O -in O -rat O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -are O -: O -3 O -- O -[ O -bis O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -hydroxyethyl O -) O -amino B-Chemical -] O -- O -6 O -- O -isopropoxypyridazine O -( O -1 O -) O -; O -3 O -- O -[ O -bis O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -hydroxyethyl O -) O -amino B-Chemical -] O -pyridazine O -( O -2 O -) O -; O -3 O -- O -methyl O -- O -6 O -- O -[ O -bis O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -hydroxyethyl O -) O -amino B-Chemical -] O -- B-Chemical -s I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triazolo I-Chemical -[ O -4 O -, O -3 O -- O -b O -] O -pyridazine O -( O -3 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -reduction O -in O -flow O -was O -of O -the O -order O -of O -38 O -% O -from O -the O -control O -value O -which O -agrees O -quite O -well O -with O -the O -reduction O -in O -cortical O -glucose B-Chemical -consumption O -of O -the O -order O -of O -31 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -overload O -and O -mechanical O -function O -in O -posthypoxic O -myocardium O -: O -biphasic O -effect O -of O -pH O -during O -hypoxia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -posthypoxic O -period O -the O -recovery O -of O -developed O -tension O -was O -greatest O -and O -the O -magnitude O -of O -contracture O -least O -in O -those O -septa O -perfused O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -during O -hypoxia O -; O -calcium B-Chemical -overload O -did O -not O -occur O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -pH O -to O -6 O -. O -6 O -during O -hypoxia O -did O -not O -result O -in O -a O -greater O -degree O -of O -recovery O -of O -developed O -tension O -or O -complete O -reversal O -of O -contracture O -in O -the O -posthypoxic O -period O -, O -and O -marked O -calcium B-Chemical -overload O -was O -not O -prevented O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenergic O -- O -and O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -glycerol O -release O -from O -brown O -adipocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -also O -compared O -lipolytic O -responses O -to O -AMP O -, O -cAMP B-Chemical -, O -cGMP B-Chemical -and O -theophylline B-Chemical -, O -with O -the O -results O -indicating O -a O -greater O -rate O -of O -net O -glycerol O -release O -being O -induced O -by O -AMP O -and O -by O -cAMP B-Chemical -than O -by O -theophylline B-Chemical -or O -cGMP B-Chemical -plus O -theophylline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Aromatic O -amines B-Chemical -and O -related O -compounds O -, O -some O -of O -which O -are O -taken O -up O -and O -released O -from O -nerve O -terminals O -, O -might O -act O -at O -brain O -receptors O -ordinarily O -stimulated O -by O -traditional O -amine B-Chemical -neurotransmitters O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -in O -homogenates O -of O -rat O -nucleus O -accumbens O -: O -structure O -- O -activity O -studies O -and O -effects O -of O -agonists O -and O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -only O -active O -phenylethylamine O -derivatives O -tested O -were O -those O -containing O -hydroxy O -groups O -at O -the O -3 O -and O -4 O -positions O -on O -the O -benzene B-Chemical -ring O -, O -a O -two O -carbon B-Chemical -side O -chain O -and O -a O -terminal O -nitrogen B-Chemical -, O -either O -unsubstituted O -or O -containing O -a O -single O -methyl O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -typical O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -, O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -and O -cis O -- O -flupenthixol O -were O -both O -potent O -antagonists O -of O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -response O -as O -opposed O -to O -the O -atypical O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -and O -sulpiride B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -, O -phentolamine B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -respectively O -, O -which O -were O -all O -inactive O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mode O -of O -action O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -on O -the O -excitable O -membrane O -of O -the O -node O -of O -Ranvier O -. O - -aps B-category -Solutions O -with O -2 O -. O -5 O -mM O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -caused O -a O -decrease O -of O -the O -Na O -current O -to O -38 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -. O -6 O -% O -( O -n O -= O -10 O -) O -, O -when O -the O -fibre O -had O -its O -holding O -potential O -before O -the O -test O -step O -. O - -aps B-category -15 O -mM O -Ca2 O -+ O -caused O -a O -shift O -to O -the O -h O -infinity O -( O -Em O -) O -curve O -in O -a O -positive O -direction O -along O -the O -potential O -axis O -, O -while O -simultaneous O -application O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -mM O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -and O -15 O -mM O -Ca2 O -+ O -caused O -no O -shift O -of O -the O -h O -afinity O -( O -Em O -) O -curve O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -support O -the O -view O -that O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -is O -the O -transmitter O -at O -synapses O -of O -the O -olivocochlear O -bundle O -, O -and O -that O -glutamate B-Chemical -may O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -afferent O -synapse O -. O - -aps B-category -Central O -neurotransmitter O -systems O -in O -the O -morphine B-Chemical -suppression O -of O -jaw O -- O -opening O -reflex O -in O -rabbits O -: O -the O -dopaminergic O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Freshly O -precipitated O -unconjugated O -bilirubin B-Chemical -( O -UCB O -) O -is O -solubilized O -rapidly O -and O -to O -a O -large O -extent O -by O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -salts O -of O -di O -- O -and O -trihydroxy O -bile O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -protein O -methylase O -from O -calf O -- O -lifer O -nuclei O -was O -partially O -purified O -by O -sonication O -of O -the O -nuclear O -pellet O -at O -high O -ionic O -strength O -, O -chromatin O -removal O -and O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -fractionation O -of O -the O -solubilized O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -changes O -in O -a O -molluscan O -egg O -during O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -developing O -embryo O -releases O -some O -acid O -metabolite O -and O -the O -subsequent O -change O -in O -albumen O -pH O -aids O -in O -embryonic O -absorption O -of O -the O -CaCO3 B-Chemical -( O -calcite O -) O -egg O -shell O -, O -used O -for O -making O -the O -embryonic O -body O -shell O -or O -skeleton O -( O -CaCO3 B-Chemical -in O -the O -form O -of O -aragonite O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -V O -. O -Oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -and O -mucus O -rheologic O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -, O -in O -conjunction O -with O -mucus O -chemical O -characterization O -, O -indicate O -that O -combination O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -use O -eliminates O -the O -cyclic O -variations O -in O -mucus O -chemical O -, O -physicochemical O -, O -and O -rheologic O -properties O -associated O -with O -the O -ovulatory O -menstrual O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Use O -of O -the O -technic O -of O -autohemoperfusion O -through O -activated O -charcoal B-Chemical -to O -investigate O -neurohumoral O -regulation O -of O -regional O -vascular O -resistance O -in O -the O -hindlimbs O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Simplified O -soldering O -of O -cast O -gold B-Chemical -contacts O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -view O -of O -reports O -that O -accessory O -pathways O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidation O -are O -enhanced O -in O -the O -diabetic O -state O -, O -we O -have O -determined O -the O -levels O -of O -key O -enzymes O -of O -the O -glucuronate O -- O -xylulose O -cycle O -in O -the O -livers O -of O -diabetic O -mice O -and O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -livers O -of O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diabetic I-Chemical -mice O -and O -rats O -showed O -normal O -levels O -of O -all O -these O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Protocol O -I O -consisted O -of O -high O -- O -dose O -insulin O -therapy O -by O -intravenous O -and O -intramuscular O -injections O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -infusion O -and O -was O -used O -in O -the O -first O -12 O -patients O -; O -they O -received O -an O -average O -of O -260 O -U O -insulin O -and O -167 O -mmol O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -in O -the O -first O -6 O -h O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Rehydration O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -supplementation I-Chemical -were O -the O -same O -in O -both O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -supplementation O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -during O -both O -treatments O -were O -the O -same O -. O - -aps B-category -Methylene O -Blue O -, O -which O -is O -known O -to O -oxidise O -NADPH B-Chemical -in O -red O -blood O -cells O -, O -was O -used O -to O -assess O -a O -possible O -role O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -in O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -secretion O -of O -insulin O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -was O -associated O -with O -inhibition O -of O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -insulin O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Krebs O -solution O -was O -modified O -by O -changing O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -: O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -, O -1 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -; O -D O -- O -tubocurarine O -, O -1 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -; O -bethanechol B-Chemical -, O -5 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -; O -carbachol B-Chemical -, O -5 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -M O -; O -physostigmine B-Chemical -, O -1 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -; O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -1 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -; O -tolazoline O -, O -5 O -x O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -M O -; O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -1 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -; O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -1 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -; O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -1 O -x O -10 O -( O -4 O -) O -M O -. O -Increased O -potassium B-Chemical -concentrations O -shortened O -latency O -, O -and O -decreased O -potassium B-Chemical -concentrations O -lengthened O -it O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Hexamethonium O -, O -D O -- O -tubocurarine O -, O -tolazoline O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -( O -P O -greater O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -employed O -a O -scheme O -for O -double O -- O -blind O -evaluation O -of O -patient O -progress O -which O -allowed O -adjustment O -of O -prednisone B-Chemical -dose O -according O -to O -the O -degree O -of O -illness O -and O -ensured O -continuous O -monitoring O -for O -serious O -toxicity O -of O -any O -study O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -of O -active O -symptomatic O -disease O -to O -prednisone B-Chemical -or O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -better O -than O -to O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -colonic O -involvement O -were O -especially O -responsive O -to O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -, O -and O -those O -with O -small O -bowel O -involvement O -were O -especially O -responsive O -to O -prednisone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -two O -percent O -of O -patients O -on O -high O -- O -dose O -, O -and O -26 O -% O -on O -prophylactic O -- O -dose O -prednisone B-Chemical -required O -dose O -reduction O -or O -withdrawal O -because O -of O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -nausea O -, O -vomiting O -, O -or O -anorexia O -among O -patients O -taking O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -was O -46 O -% O -and O -34 O -% O -, O -on O -high O -and O -low O -dose O -respectively O -; O -however O -, O -this O -incidence O -was O -no O -different O -than O -that O -observed O -among O -patients O -taking O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Azathioprine B-Chemical -produced O -leukopenia O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -in O -15 O -% O -of O -patients O -and O -the O -mean O -white O -cell O -count O -, O -lymphocyte O -count O -, O -granulocyte O -count O -, O -and O -hematocrit O -all O -fell O -significantly O -in O -patients O -on O -this O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulfasalazine B-Chemical -proved O -to O -be O -the O -safest O -effective O -suppressive O -drug O -for O -Crohn O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Azathioprine B-Chemical -was O -approximately O -as O -toxic O -as O -prednisone B-Chemical -but O -no O -more O -effective O -than O -placebo O -in O -suppressing O -active O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -cases O -were O -in O -the O -113 O -patients O -who O -received O -azathioprine B-Chemical -and O -occurred O -within O -the O -first O -21 O -days O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -trial O -of O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -as O -adjunctive O -therapy O -in O -Crohn O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combination O -was O -less O -effective O -than O -prednisone B-Chemical -alone O -in O -treatment O -of O -active O -symptomatic O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -who O -were O -in O -remission O -at O -the O -end O -of O -8 O -wk O -were O -rerandomized O -to O -receive O -either O -the O -two O -drugs O -together O -or O -prednisone B-Chemical -plus O -placebo O -while O -repeated O -systematic O -attempts O -to O -withdraw O -prednisone B-Chemical -were O -made O -over O -the O -next O -6 O -mo O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -this O -comparison O -the O -probability O -is O -greater O -than O -5 O -% O -that O -, O -given O -the O -results O -observed O -, O -a O -clinically O -useful O -effect O -of O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -of O -specified O -minimum O -degree O -truly O -exists O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -- O -study O -barium B-Chemical -radiographs O -of O -535 O -patients O -in O -the O -National O -Cooperative O -Crohn O -' O -s O -Disease O -Study O -have O -been O -analyzed O -for O -the O -pattern O -of O -distribution O -of O -bowel O -disease O -and O -the O -individual O -features O -that O -characterized O -bowel O -involvement O -. O - -aps B-category -Receptor O -- O -mediated O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -stimulation O -of O -( O -Na O -+ O -- O -K O -+ O -) O -ATPase O -in O -rat O -brain O -cortical O -homogenates O -. O - -aps B-category -Succinic O -dehydrogenase O -, O -Mg O -- O -and O -Ca B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -triphosphatases O -, O -thiamine B-Chemical -pyrophosphatase O -, O -and O -5 O -' O -- O -nucleotidase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -( O -1 O -) O -the O -meal O -- O -mediated O -gastric O -acid O -secretory O -response O -in O -duodenal O -ulcer O -subjects O -is O -much O -higher O -than O -in O -the O -controls O -, O -even O -though O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -stimulated O -response O -is O -similar O -, O -( O -2 O -) O -the O -type O -of O -meal O -, O -whether O -rice O -and O -fish O -based O -or O -wheat O -and O -meat O -based O -, O -does O -not O -influence O -the O -acid O -secretory O -response O -, O -and O -( O -3 O -) O -the O -duodenal O -ulcer O -subjects O -in O -this O -area O -, O -two O -hours O -after O -a O -meal O -, O -have O -a O -buffer O -capacity O -similar O -to O -the O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Michaelis O -constants O -for O -glucosyluridyl O -diphosphate O -( O -UDP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -) O -was O -10 O -. O -8 O -microM O -for O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -dihydroxy O -- O -9 O -, O -10 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anthraquinone I-Chemical -( O -alizarin O -) O -110 O -microM O -; O -the O -maximum O -rate O -of O -glucosylation O -reaction O -was O -5 O -. O -32 O -mumol O -per O -s O -per O -mg O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -types O -of O -aglycones O -the O -presence O -of O -another O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -group O -led O -to O -a O -higher O -glucoside O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -LH O -, O -FSH O -and O -testosterone B-Chemical -were O -measured O -in O -testosterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -and O -untreated O -cryptorchid O -and O -castrated O -male O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Increases O -in O -plasma O -LH O -and O -FSH O -in O -response O -to O -LH O -- O -RH O -were O -greater O -in O -the O -cryptorchid O -as O -compared O -to O -the O -control O -group O -and O -this O -could O -not O -be O -reversed O -by O -exogenous O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -that O -spermatogenesis O -- O -related O -feedback O -factors O -regulate O -LH O -as O -well O -as O -FSH O -at O -the O -pituitary O -level O -in O -the O -intact O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -the O -acid O -proteinase O -from O -Neurospora O -crassa O -by O -diazoacetyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DL I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norleucine I-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -, O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -epoxy O -- O -3 O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -nitrophenoxy O -) O -propane O -and O -pepstatin O -. O - -aps B-category -Production O -of O -the O -enzyme O -paralleled O -bacterial O -growth O -in O -culture O -and O -was O -maximal O -in O -medium O -containing O -0 O -. O -2 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Activity O -was O -optimal O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -7 O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -0 O -. O -01 O -to O -0 O -. O -03 O -M O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -cations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adsorptive O -capacities O -of O -some O -ion O -- O -exchange O -resins O -and O -activated O -charcoal B-Chemical -towards O -the O -hypnotic O -drugs O -, O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -, O -glutethimide O -, O -carbromal O -, O -and O -methaqualone O -, O -have O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -general O -, O -the O -adsorptive O -capacities O -of O -charcoal B-Chemical -were O -at O -least O -as O -good O -as O -, O -and O -frequently O -better O -than O -those O -of O -the O -resins O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacopsychological O -investigations O -concerning O -the O -combined O -effects O -of O -dipotassium O -clorazepate O -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -simultaneous O -administration O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -all O -types O -of O -performance O -studied O -were O -significantly O -impaired O -; O -impairment O -was O -more O -pronounced O -than O -with O -the O -ethanol B-Chemical -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -, O -an O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -blocking O -antihypertensive O -, O -on O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -( O -PRA O -) O -and O -the O -hemodynamics O -of O -healthy O -volunteers O -at O -rest O -and O -during O -an O -ergometric O -exercise O -test O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -labetalol B-Chemical -plasma O -concentrations O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ergometric O -exercise O -induced O -an O -increase O -in O -PRA O -which O -was O -partly O -inhibited O -after O -200 O -mg O -labetalol B-Chemical -in O -a O -manner O -similar O -to O -that O -induced O -by O -beta O -- O -blockers O -in O -our O -earlier O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -this O -higher O -dose O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -the O -reaction O -of O -PRA O -to O -exercise O -was O -not O -significantly O -inhibited O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -the O -drug O -( O -30 O -mg O -per O -day O -for O -one O -week O -) O -resulted O -in O -the O -decrease O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -excretion O -, O -blood O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -level O -, O -and O -in O -lowering O -of O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -, O -particularly O -in O -patients O -with O -ischemic O -heart O -disease O -and O -hyperkinetic O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -are O -presented O -whose O -skin O -involvement O -was O -suggestive O -of O -cutaneous O -angiitis O -and O -who O -responded O -dramatically O -to O -treatment O -using O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Internal O -motion O -must O -be O -postulated O -within O -the O -proline O -ring O -and O -for O -the O -CH3 O -groups O -of O -leucine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -neutral O -pH O -, O -Br2 O -. O -- O -reacted O -with O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -of O -glucoamylase O -I O -as O -expected O -from O -previous O -studies O -of O -proteins O -and O -free O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -from O -the O -results O -that O -two O -' O -types O -' O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -are O -found O -in O -glucoamylase O -I O -; O -both O -are O -attacked O -by O -Br2 O -. O -- O -but O -only O -one O -type O -is O -attacked O -by O -( O -SCN O -) O -2 O -. O -- O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -solvated O -electrons O -with O -cytosine B-Chemical -, O -5 O -- O -methyl O -cytosine B-Chemical -and O -2 O -' O -- O -deoxycytidine O -in O -squeous O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -conductivity O -detection O -, O -pulse O -radiolysis O -experiments O -showed O -that O -solvent O -protonation O -of O -the O -electron O -adducts O -of O -cytosine B-Chemical -, O -5 O -- O -methyl O -cytosine B-Chemical -and O -2 O -' O -- O -deoxycytidine O -occurs O -with O -rate O -constants O -k O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -2 O -x O -10 O -( O -4 O -) O -M O -- O -1S O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Radioisotopic O -evaluation O -of O -the O -treatment O -of O -Sudek O -' O -s O -syndrome O -with O -calcitonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -evaluation O -, O -whose O -radioisotopic O -method O -is O -described O -in O -detail O -, O -has O -been O -carried O -out O -at O -various O -intervals O -during O -treatment O -with O -calcitonin B-Chemical -( O -from O -two O -to O -six O -months O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -PS O -- O -5 O -, O -a O -new O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotic O -. O - -aps B-category -Active O -groups O -of O -bicyclomycin O -and O -the O -reaction O -with O -thiols B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reactivity O -of O -the O -drug O -with O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -was O -further O -studied O -, O -using O -methanethiol O -as O -a O -model O -compound O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -olefinic O -double O -bond O -seems O -to O -be O -the O -active O -center O -of O -bicyclomycin O -, O -reacting O -with O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -of O -the O -receptor O -protein O -, O -although O -the O -whole O -molecular O -is O -needed O -for O -the O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Potent O -and O -specific O -inhibition O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -synthesis O -by O -buthionine O -sulfoximine O -( O -S O -- O -n O -- O -butyl O -homocysteine O -sulfoximine O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -254 O -, O -1205 O -- O -1210 O -) O -, O -inhibited O -gamma O -- O -glutamylcysteine O -synthetase O -about O -20 O -times O -more O -effectively O -than O -did O -prothionine O -sulfoximine O -and O -at O -least O -100 O -times O -more O -effectively O -than O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfoximine O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -affinity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -for O -the O -S O -- O -ethyl O -, O -S O -- O -n O -- O -propyl O -, O -and O -S O -- O -n O -- O -butyl O -sulfoximines O -increases O -in O -a O -manner O -which O -is O -parallel O -to O -those O -of O -the O -corresponding O -isosteric O -acceptor O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -substrates O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -Buthionine O -sulfoximine O -did O -not O -inhibit O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -detectably O -, O -nor O -did O -it O -produce O -convulsions O -when O -injected O -into O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Buthionine O -sulfoximine O -and O -alpha O -- O -methyl O -buthionine O -sulfoximine O -may O -be O -useful O -agents O -for O -inhibition O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -various O -experimental O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enthalpy O -of O -protolysis O -of O -liver O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -upon O -binding O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conjunction O -with O -the O -available O -thermodynamic O -data O -on O -the O -ionization O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bound I-Chemical -water O -in O -model O -compounds O -, O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -group O -with O -a O -pKa O -of O -9 O -. O -8 O -in O -the O -free O -enzyme O -and O -7 O -. O -6 O -in O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -studies O -with O -zinc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -enzyme O -provide O -further O -evidence O -for O -this O -conclusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Nonpeptidyl O -amine B-Chemical -inhibitors O -are O -substrates O -of O -lysyl O -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -pH O -upon O -the O -C O -- O -2 O -resonances O -of O -the O -5 O -histidine O -residues O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -MB O -1428 O -dihydrofolate O -reductase O -in O -binary O -complexes O -with O -methotrexate B-Chemical -, O -aminopterin O -, O -folate B-Chemical -, O -methopterin O -, O -and O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -were O -studied O -by O -300 O -- O -MHz O -1H O -nmr O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Titration O -of O -the O -binary O -methotrexate B-Chemical -complex O -of O -a O -5 O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -dithiobis O -( O -2 O -- O -nitrobenzoate O -) O -- O -modified O -enzyme O -showed O -that O -2 O -histidines O -were O -not O -perturbed O -by O -this O -modification O -of O -Cys O -152 O -, O -and O -that O -the O -alkaline O -form O -of O -histidine O -2 O -, O -the O -acid O -form O -of O -histidine O -4 O -, O -and O -, O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -, O -the O -acid O -form O -of O -histidine O -3 O -were O -slightly O -perturbed O -. O - -aps B-category -Histidines O -3 O -and O -5 O -of O -the O -binary O -methotrexate B-Chemical -complex O -reacted O -rapidly O -with O -the O -histidine O -- O -specific O -reagent O -, O -ethoxyformic O -anhydride O -, O -while O -histidines O -2 O -and O -4 O -reacted O -at O -a O -moderate O -rate O -and O -histidine O -1 O -reacted O -slowly O -if O -at O -all O -. O - -aps B-category -cytochrome O -P O -- O -420 O -prepared O -by O -reaction O -of O -hepatic O -microsomes O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -with O -NO O -. O - -aps B-category -Responses O -to O -the O -latter O -agents O -were O -restored O -by O -catalase O -and O -potentiated O -by O -a O -H2O2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -generating I-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -finding O -may O -explain O -the O -more O -pronounced O -decline O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -cGMP B-Chemical -generation O -in O -air O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NO O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -chick O -epidermal O -transglutaminase O -by O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -in O -ovo O -and O -in O -vitro O -with O -reference O -to O -the O -differentiation O -of O -epidermal O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -use O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopyridine I-Chemical -( O -4 O -- O -AP O -) O -to O -increase O -the O -number O -of O -transmitter O -quanta O -discharged O -with O -each O -nerve O -impulse O -, O -and O -show O -that O -the O -number O -of O -exocytotic O -vesicles O -caught O -by O -quick O -- O -freezing O -increases O -commensurately O -, O -indicating O -that O -one O -vesicle O -undergoes O -exocytosis O -for O -each O -quantum O -that O -is O -discharged O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -used O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -to O -investigate O -Factor O -XIIIa O -- O -mediated O -crosslinking O -of O -fibronectin O -to O -collagen O -. O - -aps B-category -Clobazam O -, O -a O -1 O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepine I-Chemical -, O -was O -compared O -with O -placebo O -in O -190 O -psychoneurotic O -outpatients O -with O -prominent O -symptoms O -of O -anxiety O -and O -tension O -of O -at O -least O -two O -weeks O -of O -duration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -self O -- O -association O -of O -SH O -- O -kappa O -- O -casein O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -in O -0 O -. O -01 O -M O -- O -EDTA O -, O -0 O -. O -001 O -M B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dithiothreitol I-Chemical -buffer O -, O -containing O -0 O -. O -1 O -, O -0 O -. O -2 O -, O -0 O -. O -5 O -or O -1 O -. O -0 O -M B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NaCl I-Chemical -is O -of O -a O -monomer O -- O -polymer O -type O -. O - -aps B-category -Calorimetric O -measurements O -of O -the O -heat O -of O -solution O -of O -micellar O -Ca O -phosphate B-Chemical -suggest O -that O -this O -material O -more O -closely O -resembles O -OH O -- O -apatite O -than O -amorphous O -Ca O -phosphate B-Chemical -or O -any O -other O -crystalline O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -stannous O -fluoride B-Chemical -and O -tiodonium O -chloride B-Chemical -on O -dental O -plaque O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -results O -for O -tiodonium O -chloride B-Chemical -were O -unremarkable O -, O -stannous O -fluoride B-Chemical -mouthrinses O -proved O -to O -be O -significantly O -effective O -in O -removing O -dental O -plaque O -and O -in O -restricting O -the O -ability O -of O -plaque O -to O -lower O -the O -pH O -of O -sugar O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -used O -rhesus O -monkeys O -with O -consistent O -respiratory O -responses O -to O -aerosolized O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -One O -system O -consisted O -of O -administering O -increasing O -subreactive O -concentrations O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -until O -an O -airway O -response O -( O -H O -) O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pulmonary O -function O -changes O -occurring O -with O -the O -H O -' O -challenge O -were O -less O -intense O -than O -those O -with O -H O -. O -M O -, O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -when O -given O -before O -the O -H O -' O -dose O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -potentiated O -H O -' O -response O -compared O -with O -the O -threshold O -H O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -second O -system O -used O -duplicate O -histamine B-Chemical -challenges O -with O -a O -known O -reactive O -dose O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -two O -systems O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -challenge O -provide O -an O -experimental O -model O -for O -evaluating O -pharmacologic O -alteration O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -respiratory O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -6 O -- O -phosphatase O -decreases O -significantly O -already O -24 O -hours O -after O -immunization O -and O -returns O -to O -normal O -by O -the O -end O -of O -the O -7th O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoniazid B-Chemical -and O -hydralazine B-Chemical -were O -covalently O -crosslinked O -by O -epidermal O -transglutaminase O -to O -serum O -and O -cell O -nuclear O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Rabbits O -eating O -Rabbit O -Chow O -excreted O -a O -very O -alkaline O -urine O -, O -but O -rats O -eating O -the O -same O -diet O -excreted O -much O -less O -alkali B-Chemical -when O -expressed O -per O -kilogram O -of O -body O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -ions O -produce O -a O -stimulatory O -effect O -on O -ATPase O -; O -Mg2 O -+ O -ions O -yield O -no O -effect O -on O -myosin O -and O -S O -- O -1 O -but O -enhance O -the O -activity O -in O -the O -case O -of O -immobilized O -actomyosin O -though O -to O -a O -lesser O -degree O -than O -the O -ions O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -turn O -gonadal O -steroids B-Chemical -, O -gonadotrophins O -and O -prolactin O -modify O -pineal O -metabolic O -activity O -and O -change O -the O -rate O -of O -synthesis O -of O -pineal O -hormones O -. O - -aps B-category -Super O -- O -and O -subsensitive O -responses O -of O -NAT O -to O -receptor O -agonists O -are O -related O -to O -cAMP B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -adenylate O -cyclase O -and O -phosphodiesterase O -activities O -and O -receptor O -binding O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -glycine B-Chemical -was O -reversed O -nonspecifically O -by O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -, O -bicuculline B-Chemical -, O -and O -strychnine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Copper O -( O -I O -) O -complexes O -of O -penicillamine B-Chemical -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -equilibrium O -data O -required O -for O -this O -analysis O -were O -obtained O -by O -emf O -titrations O -on O -the O -Cu O -( O -I O -) O -- B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -( O -H3A O -) O -and O -the O -Cu O -( O -I O -) O -- O -pencillamine O -( O -H2A O -) O -systems O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -. O -in O -0 O -. O -5 O -M O -NaClO4 O -medium O -, O -using O -glass O -and O -copper B-Chemical -amalgam O -electrodes O -; O -the O -data O -were O -analyzed O -first O -by O -various O -graphical O -methods O -and O -then O -by O -a O -general O -least O -squares O -computer O -program O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -are O -discussed O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -therapeutic O -use O -of O -penicillamine B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -toxic O -action O -of O -copper B-Chemical -on O -living O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -ILT O -reaction O -( O -48 O -hr O -) O -and O -the O -homografts O -( O -4 O -days O -) O -but O -not O -in O -autografts O -, O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthetase O -inhibition O -caused O -a O -significant O -reduction O -in O -the O -increased O -blood O -flow O -, O -but O -did O -not O -abolish O -it O -nor O -did O -they O -affect O -the O -increased O -plasma O -exudation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -particle O -mucilage O -bonds O -with O -dicalcium O -phosphate B-Chemical -dihydrate O -and O -starch O -mucilage O -binder O -reduces O -the O -B O -. O -E O -. O -T O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -and O -identification O -of O -a O -fluorophore O -from O -ampicillin B-Chemical -degradation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -the O -reaction O -is O -proposed O -to O -involve O -cyclization O -by O -condensation O -of O -the O -penilloaldehyde O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolic O -capabilities O -and O -distinctions O -between O -control O -and O -induced O -rats O -for O -each O -of O -the O -three O -liver O -preparations O -compared O -favourably O -as O -determined O -by O -the O -concentration O -of O -cytochrome O -b5 O -and O -P O -- O -450 O -and O -by O -the O -activity O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -, O -4 O -- O -dimethylaminoantipyrine O -N O -- O -demethylase O -and O -aryl O -hydrocarbon O -( O -benzo O -[ O -a O -] O -pyrene O -) O -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -, O -rapid O -and O -sensitive O -radioreceptor O -assay O -for O -determining O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -in O -serum O -is O -based O -on O -the O -displacement O -by O -the O -drug O -of O -specific O -[ O -3H O -] O -diazepam B-Chemical -binding O -to O -a O -membrane O -fraction O -from O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -, O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -, O -clobazam O -and O -HR O -458 O -have O -been O -assayed O -in O -human O -serum O -after O -a O -single O -oral O -clinical O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Application O -of O -this O -method O -to O -the O -determination O -of O -partition O -coefficients O -of O -benzhydrol O -, O -4 O -- O -bromophenol O -and O -benzyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -yields O -satisfactory O -agreement O -with O -literature O -values O -for O -the O -latter O -two O -coefficients O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -induced O -dose O -- O -dependent O -increases O -in O -tension O -on O -the O -isolated O -posterior O -communicating O -artery O -( O -PCA O -) O -of O -the O -cat O -were O -significantly O -antagonized O -by O -lysergic O -acid O -diethylamide O -( O -LSD O -, O -6 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -9 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -of O -the O -animals O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O -, O -total O -dose O -) O -did O -not O -modify O -the O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -except O -for O -the O -lowest O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -) O -induced O -a O -significant O -shift O -to O -the O -left O -of O -the O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -but O -the O -maximum O -response O -was O -the O -same O -as O -in O -the O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -show O -that O -the O -vasoconstriction O -elicited O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -in O -the O -PCA O -of O -the O -cat O -is O -mainly O -due O -to O -direct O -stimulation O -of O -tryptaminergic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -in O -vitro O -study O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -on O -the O -cardiovascular O -actions O -of O -thiopentone B-Chemical -, O -althesin O -and O -ketamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -differences O -were O -particularly O -obvious O -in O -interactions O -with O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -the O -effects O -of O -changes O -in O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -on O -the O -concentration O -effect O -relationships O -for O -the O -agents O -on O -the O -atria O -and O -portal O -vein O -. O - -aps B-category -Intrahypothalamically O -taurine O -- O -induced O -hyperthermia O -was O -blocked O -by O -prior O -injection O -of O -strychnine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -( O -5 O -and O -15 O -micrograms O -) O -; O -doses O -which O -alone O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -core O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -GABA B-Chemical -( O -10 O -micrograms O -) O -caused O -hypothermia O -; O -glycine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -micrograms O -) O -had O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -effects O -of O -( O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydroxyphenylamino O -) O -- B-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -imidazoline I-Chemical -( O -DPI O -) O -on O -hyperactivity O -responses O -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonists O -injected O -in O -the O -nucleus O -accumbens O -. O - -aps B-category -Haemodynamic O -effects O -of O -systemic O -administration O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -in O -the O -anaesthetized O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antiarrhythmic O -activities O -of O -6 O -' O -- O -hydroxycinchonine O -, O -6 O -' O -- O -benzyloxycinchonine O -and O -6 O -' O -- O -allyloxycinchonine O -compared O -with O -quinidine B-Chemical -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Relative O -bioavailability O -of O -prednisone B-Chemical -and O -prednisolone B-Chemical -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -external O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -pH O -on O -charge O -movement O -in O -frog O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -actions O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -were O -antagonized O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -pempidine O -and O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -but O -were O -completely O -inhibited O -only O -when O -atropine B-Chemical -and O -pempidine O -were O -given O -together O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylcholine O -- O -induced O -hypothalamic O -CRH O -activity O -was O -also O -antagonized O -by O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -but O -not O -by O -methysergide B-Chemical -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -effects O -were O -antagonized O -by O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -and O -methysergide B-Chemical -but O -not O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -pempidine O -or O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -. O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -actions O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -were O -antagonized O -by O -bicuculline B-Chemical -and O -those O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -by O -phentolamine B-Chemical -but O -not O -by O -atenolol B-Chemical -. O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -activity O -peaks O -hydrolysing O -L O -- O -cystine O -- O -di O -- O -beta O -- O -naphthylamide O -( O -CysNA O -) O -and O -two O -activities O -hydrolysing O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -naphthylamide I-Chemical -( O -LeuNA O -) O -were O -separated O -by O -gel O -filtration O -on O -Sepharose O -6B O -from O -human O -placental O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Profound O -changes O -were O -also O -observed O -in O -protein O -synthesis O -and O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -receptor O -system O -of O -hepatoma O -- O -bearing O -chickens O -compared O -to O -healthy O -birds O -; O -this O -also O -complicates O -the O -understanding O -of O -the O -role O -of O -immune O -mechanisms O -in O -carcinogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -responsiveness O -of O -phasically O -active O -brainstem O -respiratory O -neurons O -to O -several O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -was O -investigated O -in O -cats O -under O -Dial O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Likewise O -, O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -glycine B-Chemical -depressed O -ongoing O -phasic O -neural O -activity O -of O -both O -inspiratory O -and O -expiratory O -units O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -support O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -may O -act O -as O -excitatory O -neurotransmitter O -agents O -at O -the O -synapses O -of O -brainstem O -respiratory O -neurons O -and O -conversely O -, O -GABA B-Chemical -may O -act O -as O -the O -natural O -inhibitory O -neurotransmitter O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Pathology O -of O -the O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -especially I-Chemical -about O -the O -connection O -with O -the O -aging O -process O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -kinines O -, O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -, O -or O -compounds O -like O -adenosine B-Chemical -, O -some O -of O -them O -released O -from O -the O -target O -cells O -by O -the O -sympathetic O -stimuli O -or O -delivered O -by O -the O -blood O -stream O -are O -involved O -in O -the O -modulation O -of O -stimulus O -- O -evoked O -noradrenalin O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -these O -compounds O -enhance O -dopamine B-Chemical -turnover O -in O -the O -brain O -and O -in O -vitro O -they O -inhibit O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -sensitive O -adenylate O -cyclase O -and O -the O -binding O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -to O -its O -receptor O -at O -neuronal O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -receptor O -appears O -to O -be O -part O -of O -a O -larger O -complex O -including O -a O -GABA B-Chemical -receptor O -and O -the O -chloride B-Chemical -conductance O -mechanism O -associated O -with O -the O -GABA B-Chemical -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -electrode O -system O -consisted O -of O -a O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -- O -sensitive O -glass O -miniature O -electrode O -, O -housed O -in O -the O -beveled O -end O -of O -a O -21 O -gauge O -( O -0 O -. O -8 O -mm O -diameter O -) O -hypodermic O -needle O -, O -and O -a O -2 O -mm O -diameter O -reference O -electrode O -, O -with O -an O -internal O -silver B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -silver I-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -electrode O -coupled O -to O -tissue O -through O -a O -saline O -bridge O -( O -150 O -mM O -/ O -L O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -) O -saturated O -with O -silver B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Change O -in O -the O -charactertistics O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -spiperone I-Chemical -binding O -to O -rat O -striatal O -membranes O -after O -acute O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -administration O -: O -effects O -of O -buffer O -washing O -of O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -of O -indole O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimum O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -and O -temperature O -for O -IAA O -production O -were O -6 O -. O -5 O -and O -28 O -degrees O -C O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -paper O -presents O -mathematically O -treated O -data O -published O -in O -literature O -about O -the O -specific O -growth O -rate O -mu O -and O -the O -economic O -coefficient O -Y O -in O -Candida O -utilis O -at O -the O -exponential O -growth O -phase O -, O -at O -the O -transient O -state O -in O -chemical O -from O -the O -limitation O -of O -growth O -with O -a O -source O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -energy O -to O -the O -inhibition O -with O -low O -pH O -values O -, O -and O -at O -the O -stationary O -state O -in O -chemostat O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -technique O -of O -short O -- O -term O -experiments O -using O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -has O -been O -proposed O -for O -rapid O -determination O -of O -the O -optimal O -conditions O -of O -growth O -of O -autotrophic O -and O -heterotrophic O -microorganisms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -growth O -of O -the O -Candida O -utilis O -chemostat O -culture O -1668 O -- O -3 O -- O -37 O -was O -studied O -in O -a O -synthetic O -medium O -with O -ethanol B-Chemical -at O -different O -values O -of O -pH O -and O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -minimal O -amount O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -inhibiting O -the O -yeast O -growth O -was O -assayed O -in O -short O -- O -term O -experiments O -under O -periodic O -conditions O -with O -shaking O -. O - -aps B-category -I O -. O -Decontrolled O -iron B-Chemical -: O -an O -ultimate O -carcinogen O -and O -toxicant O -: O -an O -hypothesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Uncontrolled O -ionic O -iron B-Chemical -promotes O -autoxidation O -, O -which O -crosslinks O -biomolecules O -and O -produces O -destructive O -activated O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pores O -exclude O -the O -macromolecular O -ferritin O -and O -the O -digestive O -and O -antiautoxidation O -enzymes O -but O -admit O -ionic O -iron B-Chemical -which O -, O -sheltered O -from O -ferritin O -, O -accumulates O -into O -decontrolled B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iron I-Chemical -pathogen O -( O -DIP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -ventricular O -tachycardia O -in O -patient O -who O -was O -being O -treated O -with O -dehydroemetine O -and O -chloroquine B-Chemical -for O -amoebic O -liver O -abscess O -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Lactate B-Chemical -acidosis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Depression O -of O -some O -drug O -- O -induced O -in O -vivo O -changes O -of O -cerebellar O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -by O -control O -of O -motor O -and O -respiratory O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -3 O -- O -monooxygenase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanism O -of O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -pyrophosphatase O -induced O -distortion O -of O -stoichiometry O -of O -TPNH O -utilization O -and O -product O -formation O -by O -hepatic O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -linked O -N O -- O -demethylase O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Myo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inositol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthase O -from O -streptomyces O -griseus O -( O -studies O -on O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -cyclitols O -, O -XXXVIII O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -2 O -receptor O -antagonism O -by O -cimetidine B-Chemical -and O -sinus O -- O -node O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -partition O -of O -substance O -P O -( O -SP O -) O -between O -buffer O -solutions O -( O -pH O -1 O -. O -6 O -- O -- O -7 O -. O -8 O -) O -and O -an O -organic O -, O -phospholipid O -( O -phosphatidyl O -serine O -, O -phosphatidyl O -ethanolamine O -, O -phosphatidyl O -inositol B-Chemical -and O -phosphatidyl O -choline B-Chemical -) O -containing O -phase O -( O -chloroform B-Chemical -: O -methanol O -2 O -: O -1 O -) O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -to O -phosphatidyl O -choline B-Chemical -was O -much O -smaller O -and O -less O -dependent O -on O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -affinity O -( O -KD O -= O -0 O -. O -1 O -microM O -) O -and O -capacity O -of O -44 O -pmol O -SP O -/ O -microgram O -phosphatidyl O -serine O -and O -48 O -pmol O -SP O -/ O -microgram O -phosphatidyl O -ethanolamine O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -under O -conditions O -of O -saturation O -contrasted O -with O -the O -very O -low O -binding O -of O -SP O -to O -phosphatidyl O -inositol B-Chemical -or O -phosphatidyl O -choline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -stimulation O -of O -central O -alpha O -- O -autoreceptors O -following O -treatment O -with O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -and O -FLA O -136 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -not O -changed O -following O -alpha O -- O -methylmetatyrosine O -despite O -a O -greater O -disappearance O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -than O -after O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -flexor O -reflex O -activity O -of O -spinalized O -rats O -was O -not O -influenced O -by O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -and O -alpha O -- O -methylmetatyrosine O -at O -the O -doses O -used O -in O -the O -biochemical O -experiments O -, O -as O -previously O -found O -for O -FLA O -136 O -, O -indicating O -no O -stimulation O -of O -classical O -, O -postsynaptic O -, O -central O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -injections O -and O -other O -brain O -lesions O -on O -vasoactive O -intestinal O -peptide O -( O -VIP O -) O -- O -stimulated O -formation O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -in O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Cortical O -ablation O -, O -which O -leads O -to O -degeneration O -of O -cortico O -- O -striatal O -fibres O -, O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -striatal O -VIP O -- O -induced O -cAMP B-Chemical -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -Kainic O -acid O -injection O -into O -several O -other O -brain O -regions O -, O -including O -hippocampus O -, O -cortex O -and O -hypothalamus O -also O -failed O -to O -affect O -the O -VIP O -- O -elicited O -increase O -in O -cAMP B-Chemical -in O -slices O -, O -despite O -reductions O -in O -choline B-Chemical -acetyl O -- O -transferase O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -, O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -and O -basal O -levels O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -protein O -- O -bound O -calcium B-Chemical -during O -haemodialysis O -in O -relation O -to O -bone O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -significant O -differences O -in O -the O -changes O -in O -total O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -albumin O -or O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -during O -dialysis O -between O -each O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -A O -simple O -antagonist O -in O -acute O -opioid O -poisoning O -: O -naloxone B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -studies O -have O -demonstrated O -that O -nitroso O -chemical O -carcinogens O -activate O -guanylate O -cyclase O -( O -EC O -4 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -which O -catalyzes O -the O -production O -of O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -examined O -the O -effect O -of O -3 O -major O -classes O -of O -anticancer O -chemotherapeutic O -agents O -, O -the O -antimetabolites O -( O -methotrexate B-Chemical -and O -6 O -- O -mercaptopurine O -) O -, O -antitumor O -antibiotics O -( O -adriamycin B-Chemical -and O -actinomycin O -D O -) O -, O -and O -alkylating B-Chemical -agents I-Chemical -( O -cytoxan O -, O -uracil O -mustard O -, O -isophosphamide O -, O -chlornaphazine O -, O -and O -1 O -- O -propranol O -- O -3 O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -iminodimethane O -sulfonate O -) O -on O -the O -activation O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -by O -nitroso O -chemical O -carcinogens O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -lead B-Chemical -exposure O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -some O -hepatic O -enzymes O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Adult O -rats O -were O -fed O -the O -same O -lead B-Chemical -solution O -for O -6 O -- O -- O -8 O -wk O -. O - -aps B-category -GGTP O -activity O -was O -already O -maximally O -increased O -after O -2 O -days O -of O -lead B-Chemical -treatment O -( O -1 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -vs O -. O -0 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -1 O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Complexing O -of O -reduced O -technetium O -and O -tin O -( O -II O -) O -by O -chelating O -phosphate B-Chemical -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -dilution O -in O -neutral O -normal O -saline O -the O -chelates O -were O -more O -or O -less O -destroyed O -, O -as O -shown O -by O -a O -113Sn O -( O -II O -) O -colloid O -formation O -whereas O -the O -99mTc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -complexes O -were O -transformed O -into O -a O -99mTc O -kidney O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidation O -of O -all O -tin O -( O -II O -) O -in O -the O -equilibrium O -by O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -did O -not O -change O -the O -distribution O -patterns O -of O -113Sn O -, O -99mTc O -was O -oxidized O -to O -pertechnetate O -. O - -aps B-category -Complexing O -of O -reduced O -technetium O -and O -tin O -( O -II O -) O -by O -chelating O -phosphate B-Chemical -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Compatibility O -of O -high O -doses O -of O -both O -oral O -domperidone B-Chemical -and O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -chronic O -psychotics O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dyspepsia O -symptoms O -were O -markedly O -improved O -, O -no O -side O -effects O -were O -seen O -and O -, O -even O -at O -high O -doses O -, O -domperidone B-Chemical -did O -not O -intensify O -the O -existing O -extra O -- O -pyramidal O -side O -effects O -of O -the O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -or O -produce O -new O -ones O -. O - -aps B-category -Compounds O -were O -tested O -at O -levels O -permitted O -for O -food O -additives O -except O -formalin B-Chemical -which O -has O -not O -been O -approved O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Vasodilators B-Chemical -and O -diuretics O -, O -basic O -therapy O -for O -hypertensive O -heart O -failure O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -shown O -that O -random O -- O -dot O -stereo O -depth O -does O -not O -occur O -when O -there O -is O -colour O -contrast B-Chemical -but O -no O -brightness O -difference O -between O -the O -dots O -and O -their O -background O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Biotransformation O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -liver O -cystathionine O -- O -gamma O -- O -lyase O -[ O -L O -- O -cystathionine O -cysteinelyase O -( O -deaminating O -) O -, O -EC O -4 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -] O -catalyzes O -the O -formation O -of O -pyruvic O -acid O -, O -ammonia B-Chemical -, O -and O -carboxymethylhydrodisulfide O -from O -S O -- O -( O -carboxymethylthio O -) O -cysteine B-Chemical -( O -CMTC O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Subcellular O -distribution O -and O -some O -physicochemical O -properties O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -striated O -muscles O -of O -the O -crayfish O -, O -trout O -, O -carp O -, O -frog O -, O -pigeon O -and O -rabbit O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -4 O -) O -The O -higher O -the O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -of O -the O -muscles O -, O -the O -relatively O -higher O -their O -alanine B-Chemical -production O -during O -electrical O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -depot O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -schizophrenic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Common O -effects O -of O -four O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenergic I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -have O -been O -investigated O -in O -mice O -using O -classical O -and O -new O -psychopharmacological O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -Regarding O -these O -three O -tests O -the O -studied O -substances O -ranged O -themseleves O -in O -the O -same O -order O -of O -potency O -: O -penbutolol O -greater O -than O -propranolol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -alprenolol O -greater O -than O -practolol O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -, O -penbutolol O -and O -alprenolol O -antagonized O -the O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -increase O -in O -motor O -activity O -; O -practolol O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -influence O -on O -hyperthermia O -induced O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -and O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -in O -MAOI O -- O -pretreated O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -with O -alpha O -- O -MT O -and O -PCPA B-Chemical -suggest O -that O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -hyperthermia O -depends O -on O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -formation O -, O -release O -of O -endogenous O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -presence O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -p O -- O -MA O -- O -induced O -hyperthermia O -most O -likely O -is O -a O -result O -of O -indirect O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -cis O -( O -Z O -) O -- O -flupenthixol O -is O -a O -very O -weak O -antagonist O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -but O -a O -more O -potent O -inhibitor O -of O -p O -- O -MA O -hyperthermia O -. O - -aps B-category -Antagonism O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hyperthermia O -in O -MAOI O -- O -pretreated O -rabbits O -as O -a O -sensitive O -model O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -the O -synthesis O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -( O -by O -alpha O -- O -MT O -) O -did O -not O -influence O -on O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hyperthermia O -, O -whereas O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -synthesis O -inhibition O -( O -by O -PCPA B-Chemical -) O -completely O -abolished O -the O -hyperthermic O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -highly O -significant O -correlation O -was O -registered O -between O -the O -antagonism O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -hyperthermia O -of O -15 O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -and O -their O -clinically O -useful O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Antagonism O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hyperthermia O -may O -be O -achieved O -by O -either O -dopamine B-Chemical -or O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -receptor O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -Relative O -to O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -, O -the O -potencies O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -and O -phenmetrazine O -, O -but O -not O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -, O -were O -generally O -higher O -for O -the O -measures O -of O -single O -- O -spatial O -alternation O -than O -for O -self O -- O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -training O -, O -stimulus O -generalization O -was O -observed O -to O -additional O -doses O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -and O -cocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clozapine O -blocked O -the O -generalization O -of O -the O -drug O -discrimination O -response O -to O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -, O -but O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -generalization O -to O -cocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -effects O -of O -trazodone B-Chemical -and O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -on O -uptake O -of O -selected O -neurotransmitters O -by O -isolated O -rat O -brain O -synaptosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Trazodone B-Chemical -was O -determined O -to O -be O -a O -very O -selective O -inhibitor O -of O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -uptake O -mechanism O -with O -IC50 O -values O -of O -5 O -. O -67 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -, O -3 O -. O -54 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -, O -and O -5 O -. O -25 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -M O -, O -for O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -NE O -, O -and O -DA O -uptake O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -less O -potent O -, O -trazodone B-Chemical -was O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -6 O -times O -more O -selective O -than O -clomipramine B-Chemical -in O -its O -ability O -to O -inhibit O -synaptosomal O -uptake O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -with O -respect O -to O -NE O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -mercaptoethanol O -appeared O -to O -inhibit O -PGDH O -when O -assayed O -by O -thin O -- O -layer O -chromatography O -, O -based O -upon O -conversion O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -PGE1 I-Chemical -to O -15 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -keto I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -PGE1 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -absorption O -spectrum O -of O -15 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -keto I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -PGE1 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -results O -, O -it O -was O -confirmed O -that O -the O -zincon O -- O -loaded O -resin O -reacts O -selectively O -with O -copper B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -, O -zinc B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -, O -mercury O -( O -II O -) O -and O -lead B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -at O -lower O -pH O -region O -, O -and O -the O -above O -reaction O -is O -stoichiometric O -as O -in O -the O -case O -of O -the O -reaction O -of O -zincon O -with O -metal O -ions O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparative O -sutdy O -of O -pH O -, O -gasometry O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -content O -of O -peripheral O -venous O -blood O -, O -the O -superior O -vena O -cava O -, O -right O -atrium O -and O -pulmonary O -artery O -trunk O -during O -right O -heart O -catheterization O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thoroughbreds O -, O -whose O -performance O -was O -reported O -to O -be O -unsatisfactory O -, O -had O -consistently O -low O -concentrations O -of O -selenium B-Chemical -and O -high O -activity O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transferase O -in O -the O -serum O -when O -compared O -with O -those O -whose O -performance O -was O -as O -expected O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -only O -other O -biochemical O -and O -haematological O -abnormality O -was O -lower O -serum O -phosphate B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -unsatisfactory O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Bronchial O -reactivity O -in O -asthma O -to O -inhaled O -histamine B-Chemical -during O -treatment O -with O -ketotifen O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protective O -action O -of O -ketoifen O -against O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -inhalation O -test O -was O -measured O -at O -the O -beginning O -of O -the O -trial O -and O -at O -regular O -intervals O -during O -the O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -- O -base O -balance O -and O -electrolyte O -concentrations O -were O -measured O -in O -dogs O -on O -small O -artificial O -hydrothoraces O -and O -in O -vitro O -on O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -buffered O -Ringer O -solution O -on O -serosal O -and O -interstitial O -side O -of O -specimens O -of O -parietal O -pleura O -. O - -aps B-category -Successful O -treatment O -with O -prednisone B-Chemical -and O -graft O -- O -versus O -- O -host O -disease O -in O -an O -allogeneic O -bone O -- O -marrow O -transplant O -recipient O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -prednisone B-Chemical -therapy O -was O -introduced O -the O -fever O -and O -the O -eosinophilia O -disappeared O -and O -liver O -damage O -was O -rapidly O -reversed O -. O - -aps B-category -Antipsychotic O -drug O -action O -in O -schizophrenic O -patients O -: O -effect O -on O -cortical O -dopamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -after O -long O -- O -term O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetaminophen B-Chemical -: O -potentially O -toxic O -metabolite O -formed O -by O -human O -fetal O -and O -adult O -liver O -microsomes O -and O -isolated O -fetal O -liver O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -the O -human O -fetal O -and O -adult O -liver O -to O -oxidize O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -by O -trapping O -the O -potentially O -toxic O -metabolite O -as O -a O -glutathione B-Chemical -conjugate O -has O -been O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -human O -fetal O -liver O -cells O -conjugated O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -with O -sulfate O -but O -not O -with O -glucuronic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -it O -also O -catalyzes O -the O -formation O -of O -an O -active O -metabolite O -of O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -through O -oxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -activity O -is O -maintained O -in O -dogs O -with O -experimental O -alkalosis O -or O -acidosis O -as O -well O -as O -during O -morphine B-Chemical -or O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -respiratory O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -a O -limited O -period O -of O -time O -, O -the O -authors O -have O -systematically O -administered O -tiapride B-Chemical -to O -all O -patients O -in O -the O -immediate O -post O -- O -operative O -phase O -presenting O -with O -: O -nausea O -, O -vomiting O -, O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -responsability O -of O -iatrogenic O -factors O -( O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -) O -in O -some O -hyperprolactineamias O -is O -a O -known O -fact O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -best O -indication O -of O -tiapride B-Chemical -corresponds O -to O -lingual O -buccal O -an O -facial O -dyskinesia O -caused O -by O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -and O -senile O -trembling O -increased O -by O -alcoholism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -author O -reports O -one O -case O -of O -sedation O -by O -tiapride B-Chemical -of O -severe O -and O -recurrent O -attacks O -of O -facial O -neuralgia O -. O - -aps B-category -Likewise O -, O -the O -base O -excess O -and O -standard O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -values O -increased O -significantly O -during O -the O -first O -2 O -weeks O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -two O -individuals O -who O -inherited O -the O -trait O -have O -lived O -beyond O -54 O -years O -, O -one O -with O -a O -total O -gastrectomy O -and O -one O -taking O -Cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Below O -pH O -4 O -, O -however O -, O -the O -titration O -curve O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -suggests O -that O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ion I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -processes O -leading O -to O -fluorescence O -quenching O -are O -pH O -- O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -fragment O -- O -1 O -, O -at O -neutral O -pH O -the O -fragment O -- O -2 O -Cotton O -effect O -at O -232 O -nm O -is O -insensitive O -to O -the O -presence O -of O -8 O -mM O -calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Extraction O -of O -tricresyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -from O -aqueous O -solutions O -with O -organic O -solvents O -depending O -on O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -medium O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -hoped O -that O -further O -work O -with O -the O -animal O -model O -will O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -deeper O -understanding O -of O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -these O -conditions O -, O -which O -will O -turn O -provide O -both O -ophthalmologists O -and O -rheumatologists O -with O -more O -scientific O -guidelines O -for O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactic O -acidemia O -in O -baboons O -after O -transfusion O -of O -red O -blood O -cells O -with O -improved O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -function O -and O -exposure O -to O -severe O -arterial O -hypoxemia O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -transfusion O -, O -the O -baboon O -' O -s O -inspired O -oxygen B-Chemical -was O -first O -lowered O -from O -21 O -to O -10 O -per O -cent O -to O -produce O -severe O -arterial O -hypoxemia O -with O -a O -PO2 O -tension O -of O -less O -than O -40 O -mm O -Hg O -for O -two O -hours O -and O -then O -restored O -to O -21 O -per O -cent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -when O -red O -blood O -cells O -with O -normal O -or O -improved O -oxygen B-Chemical -delivering O -capacity O -are O -transfused O -to O -patients O -, O -the O -alveolar O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -should O -be O -sufficient O -to O -maintain O -an O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -of O -greater O -than O -40 O -mm O -Hg O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -studying O -the O -substrate O -specificity O -it O -is O -established O -that O -leucyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -is O -the O -best O -substrate O -for O -both O -the O -soluble O -form O -and O -the O -immobilized O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -Penicillium O -vitale O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxidase I-Chemical -modified O -by O -means O -of O -the O -carbohydrate O -component O -oxidation O -is O -added O -covalently O -to O -aminoorganosylochrome O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -preparations O -in O -which O -the O -enzyme O -is O -bound O -with O -the O -matrix O -through O -the O -amine B-Chemical -groups O -on O -carboxyaerosil O -by O -N O -, O -N O -' O -- O -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide O -and O -on O -aminoaerosil O -by O -2 O -, O -4 O -toluylenediisocyanate O -are O -the O -most O -stable O -at O -50 O -degrees O -C O -and O -to O -the O -EDTA O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -influence O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -on O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -oxalate O -stone O -formation O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -17 O -% O -of O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -oxalate O -stone O -patients O -suffered O -from O -hyperuricuria O -and O -hyperuricemia O -was O -found O -only O -in O -15 O -% O -of O -these O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -experiments O -one O -has O -to O -conclude O -that O -there O -exists O -no O -" O -salting O -- O -out O -effect O -" O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -on O -calcium B-Chemical -oxalate O -in O -urine O -but O -rather O -that O -precipitate O -formation O -reflects O -the O -individual O -solution O -- O -and O -crystallization O -characteristics O -of O -the O -precipitating O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Pulmonary O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -and O -the O -release O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -from O -the O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluorescamine O -is O -a O -sensitive O -cytochemical O -probe O -for O -primary O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -and O -produces O -an O -intense O -general O -fluorescence O -in O -unfixed O -tissue O -sections O -reflecting O -the O -ubiquitous O -occurrence O -of O -such O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Certain O -cell O -systems O -, O -however O -, O -contain O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -which O -do O -not O -react O -with O -formaldehyde O -but O -display O -strong O -reactivity O -with O -fluorescamine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -development O -of O -hepatitis O -, O -induced O -in O -48 O -rats O -by O -the O -administration O -of O -galactosamine B-Chemical -( O -GalN O -) O -in O -varying O -doses O -, O -was O -studied O -with O -the O -use O -of O -substrate O -and O -enzyme O -histochemical O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -Follicles O -were O -frequent O -at O -high O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -but O -sparse O -at O -intermediate O -and O -low O -levels O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- O -thiocarbohydrazide O -- O -silver B-Chemical -reaction O -demonstrated O -the O -presence O -of O -glycogen O -in O -the O -hyaloplasm O -and O -of O -polysaccharides O -in O -secretion O -granules O -, O -the O -Golgi O -apparatus O -and O -in O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -Continued O -stimulation O -by O -estradiol B-Chemical -produces O -changes O -in O -the O -newly O -- O -formed O -alveolar O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Prekallikrein O -was O -similarly O -activated O -by O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -carboxyairsiles O -, O -possessing O -positive O -and O -negative O -electric O -charges O -, O -respectively O -, O -at O -neutral O -pH O -value O -in O -a O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -3H O -] O -Benzo O -( O -a O -) O -pyrene O -and O -6 O -- O -substituted O -derivatives O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -benzo O -( O -a O -) O -pyrene O -are O -covalently O -bound O -to O -calf O -thymus O -DNA O -upon O -reaction O -with O -microsomal O -preparations O -from O -rats O -pretreated O -with O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Wilting O -stimulated O -high O -densities O -of O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -bacteria O -, O -with O -the O -decrease O -in O -counts O -of O -undesirable O -flora O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -yeasts O -, O -moulds O -, O -proteolytic O -and O -saccharolytic O -anaerobes O -, O -causing O -spoilage O -of O -silage O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -on O -the O -metabolism O -of O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -peptides O -, O -and O -nutrient O -broth O -by O -Azotobacter O -chroococcum O -is O -presented O -in O -this O -paper O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -certain O -amount O -of O -growth O -could O -be O -observed O -with O -peptone O -as O -a O -sole O -source O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tested O -isolates O -of O -E O -. O -atroseptica O -produced O -high O -levels O -of O -cellulase O -when O -grown O -in O -presence O -of O -both O -carboxymethyl O -- O -cellulose O -( O -CMC O -) O -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -low O -levels O -in O -presence O -of O -carboxymethyl O -- O -cellulose O -alone O -, O -and O -traces O -of O -cellulase O -( O -s O -) O -in O -presence O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Probably O -, O -the O -most O -ancient O -NM O -and O -NR O -are O -presented O -by O -such O -compounds O -as O -peptides O -, O -some O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -and O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -pineal O -glands O -were O -incubated O -with O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -or O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -5HT O -) O -, O -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -ACH O -) O -for O -eight O -h O -after O -which O -the O -concentrations O -of O -AVT O -in O -the O -media O -were O -determined O -by O -radioimmunoassay O -. O - -aps B-category -administration O -in O -dogs O -of O -high O -and O -massive O -doses O -of O -narcotics O -produced O -an O -acute O -rise O -in O -CO2 O -consumption O -, O -a O -rise O -of O -plasma O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -other O -slight O -biochemical O -and O -metabolic O -perturbances O -. O - -aps B-category -Beneficial O -associations O -with O -morphinomimetics O -are O -found O -with O -droperidol B-Chemical -, O -etomidate B-Chemical -and O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -between O -exogenous O -, O -circulating O -monoamines B-Chemical -to O -the O -wall O -of O -cerebral O -microvessels O -, O -and O -the O -entrance O -of O -these O -amines B-Chemical -into O -the O -cerebral O -parenchyma O -was O -studied O -by O -the O -formaldehyde O -histofluorescence O -technique O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -transient O -opening O -of O -the O -morphologic O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -by O -either O -a O -hypertonic O -of O -hypertensive O -insult O -, O -the O -amine B-Chemical -fluorescence O -in O -the O -walls O -of O -the O -microvessels O -was O -intensified O -compared O -to O -that O -which O -was O -noted O -after O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibition O -by O -itself O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -both O -enzymatic O -and O -morphologic O -mechanisms O -in O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -ar O -involved O -in O -impeding O -the O -passage O -of O -monoamines B-Chemical -into O -the O -cerebral O -parenchyma O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -long O -- O -term O -intraocular O -pressure O -( O -IOP O -) O -lowering O -effect O -of O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -, O -timolol B-Chemical -maleate I-Chemical -, O -in O -topical O -administration O -was O -compared O -with O -the O -effect O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -on O -simple O -and O -capsular O -glaucoma O -by O -means O -of O -diurnal O -pressure O -curves O -during O -a O -six O -- O -month O -follow O -- O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -capsular O -glaucoma O -timolol B-Chemical -was O -not O -effective O -enough O -, O -but O -when O -it O -was O -co O -- O -administered O -with O -miotics O -the O -IOP O -lowering O -effect O -was O -better O -than O -with O -either O -substance O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -out O -of O -the O -six O -eyes O -included O -in O -a O -previous O -report O -of O -secondary O -glaucoma O -due O -to O -chronic O -uveitis O -are O -still O -, O -after O -one O -year O -of O -therapy O -, O -controlled O -with O -timolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -effects O -of O -temazepam B-Chemical -and O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -on O -psychomotor O -skills O -and O -memory O -. O - -aps B-category -Temazepam O -10 O -mg O -impaired O -co O -- O -ordinative O -skills O -; O -on O -a O -whole O -it O -differed O -from O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -but O -hardly O -from O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -drug O -effects O -were O -clearest O -during O -the O -first O -3 O -hours O -, O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -also O -impaired O -learning O -at O -8 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -metabolism O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonists O -alprenolol O -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -pamatolol O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -methysergide B-Chemical -nor O -phenindamine O -inhibited O -efferent O -sympathetic O -activity O -or O -influenced O -sympathetic O -reflexes O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -with O -atropine B-Chemical -revealed O -that O -the O -muscarinic O -action O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -does O -not O -figure O -in O -the O -sympathetic O -inhibitory O -or O -excitatory O -reflex O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -Clonidine B-Chemical -was O -more O -selective O -and O -acted O -in O -much O -lower O -doses O -( O -20 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -) O -than O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -- O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sympathetic O -excitatory O -reflexes O -were O -decreased O -by O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -tofizopam O -and O -increased O -by O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -effect O -on O -gastric O -motility O -of O -chloroquine B-Chemical -and O -mepacrine O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -this O -fact O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -inhibition O -of O -gastric O -motility O -by O -chloroquine B-Chemical -and O -mepacrine O -in O -the O -rat O -, O -is O -based O -on O -the O -parasympatholytic O -property O -of O -the O -drugs O -in O -question O -. O - -aps B-category -Biologically O -active O -peptides O -and O -neurotransmitter O -substances O -were O -added O -to O -anterior O -pituitary O -cell O -cultures O -to O -examine O -the O -presence O -of O -corticotropin B-Chemical -releasing O -factor O -( O -CRF O -) O -- O -like O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -tested O -substances O -including O -luteinizing O -hormone O -- O -releasing O -hormone O -, O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -releasing O -hormone O -, O -melanocyte O -stimulating O -hormone O -release O -inhibiting O -factor O -, O -somatostatin O -, O -substance O -P O -, O -neurotensin B-Chemical -, O -beta O -- O -endorphin O -. O - -aps B-category -Relatively O -high O -doses O -of O -lysine O -vasopressin B-Chemical -, O -arginine B-Chemical -vasopressin I-Chemical -and O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -increased O -the O -release O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -in O -pituitary O -cell O -cultures O -, O -but O -the O -maximal O -ACTH B-Chemical -response O -was O -markedly O -less O -than O -with O -HE O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -ionic O -strength O -over O -0 O -. O -2 O -M O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -, O -the O -initiation O -reaction O -of O -RNA O -polymerases O -I O -and O -II O -was O -inhibited O -. O - -aps B-category -Opiate O -actions O -and O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Steroid B-Chemical -hormone O -receptor O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Apamin B-Chemical -, O -a O -centrally O -acting O -neurotoxic O -peptide O -: O -binding O -and O -actions O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -pharmacology O -of O -the O -new O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenergic I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Usually O -, O -the O -patient O -is O -treated O -with O -massive O -amounts O -of O -intravenous O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -, O -which O -in O -itself O -carries O -many O -undesirable O -consequences O -such O -as O -fluid O -overload O -and O -hypernatremia O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -significant O -amounts O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -were O -removed O -by O -dialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Asphyxia O -sufficient O -to O -decrease O -pH O -from O -7 O -. O -40 O -to O -7 O -. O -04 O -and O -reduce O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -from O -50 O -% O -to O -19 O -% O -increased O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -to O -all O -areas O -of O -the O -brain O -with O -the O -largest O -increases O -going O -to O -the O -brain O -stem O -( O -275 O -% O -of O -control O -) O -and O -deep O -cerebral O -structures O -( O -240 O -% O -of O -control O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -clarify O -whether O -similar O -changes O -also O -occur O -in O -the O -human O -uterus O -, O -the O -adrenergic O -innervation O -of O -the O -isthmic O -myometrium O -during O -nonpregnant O -and O -pregnant O -conditions O -was O -analyzed O -by O -fluorescence O -histochemistry O -for O -demonstration O -of O -adrenergic O -nerves O -, O -and O -by O -quantitative O -measurements O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -its O -synthesizing O -enzymes O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -dopa O -decarboxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Parallel O -to O -this O -the O -activities O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -dopa O -decarboxylase O -were O -markedly O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -Contraction O -of O -up O -to O -10 O -mgf O -was O -induced O -with O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -but O -not O -with O -alpha O -or O -beta O -adrenergic O -agonists O -, O -caffeine B-Chemical -, O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -, O -or O -by O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -ionophore O -A23187 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximal O -transverse O -tension O -of O -20 O -mgf O -during O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -stimulation O -under O -resting O -tension O -was O -calculated O -to O -support O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -hydrostatic O -pressure O -of O -approximately O -500 O -mmHg O -. O - -aps B-category -Exceptions O -are O -the O -assay O -of O -blood O -levels O -of O -anticonvulsants O -and O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -Assays O -of O -platelet O -MAO O -activity O -or O -urinary O -MHPG B-Chemical -excretion O -remain O -clinically O -less O -useful O -. O - -aps B-category -Ventilatory O -pattern O -following O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -lorazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Injection O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -was O -followed O -by O -a O -periodic O -pattern O -of O -ventilation O -in O -nine O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Though O -the O -groups O -receiving O -atropine B-Chemical -and O -glycopyrronium B-Chemical -had O -the O -lowest O -mean O -aspirated O -volume O -and O -the O -highest O -mean O -pH O -respectively O -there O -was O -no O -essential O -difference O -between O -the O -various O -groups O -receiving O -anticholinergic O -premedication O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -the O -hemodynamic O -effects O -to O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -1 O -mg O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -of O -fazadinium O -bromide B-Chemical -during O -35 O -minutes O -in O -coronary O -patients O -normal O -hemodynamically O -or O -rhythmically O -, O -non O -- O -premedicated O -, O -ventilated O -with O -50 O -p O -. O -100 O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -and O -bebore O -any O -surgical O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -study O -the O -mechanism O -which O -causes O -a O -lowered O -serum O -level O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -converting I-Chemical -enzyme O -( O -ACE O -) O -in O -asthma O -patients O -, O -the O -changes O -in O -serum O -ACE O -in O -arterial O -blood O -gas O -tension O -was O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -curarizing O -effect O -of O -three O -new O -aminoglucosidic O -antibiotics O -( O -amikacine O -, O -dibékacine O -and O -sisomicine O -) O -is O -compared O -to O -that O -the O -streptomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Precurarization O -using O -pancuronium B-Chemical -in O -male O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -obtained O -show O -that O -the O -maximum O -doses O -used O -, O -corresponding O -to O -0 O -. O -01 O -Omg O -/ O -kg O -of O -pancuronium B-Chemical -, O -were O -associated O -with O -subjective O -symptoms O -which O -were O -well O -tolerated O -by O -the O -conscious O -patient O -, O -a O -decreases O -in O -the O -incidence O -of O -fasciculations O -, O -antagonistic O -effects O -against O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -and O -a O -decreases O -in O -postoperative O -myalgia O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effects O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -on O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -would O -appear O -that O -this O -hypometabolic O -effect O -is O -not O -an O -intrinsic O -property O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -but O -rather O -a O -consequence O -of O -the O -neurodepressive O -properties O -of O -the O -drug O -, O -on O -the O -gamma O -system O -in O -particular O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -fatal O -gas O -gangrene O -occurring O -after O -venous O -catheterization O -and O -the O -administration O -of O -sympathomimetic O -amines B-Chemical -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Premedication O -( O -alimemazine O -25 O -mg O -. O -atropine B-Chemical -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -given O -one O -hour O -before O -the O -operation O -) O -and O -induction O -( O -penthiobarbital O -4 O -mg O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -and O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -iodide O -1 O -mg O -. O -kg O -- O -1 O -) O -were O -given O -in O -the O -same O -way O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -respective O -role O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -and O -of O -retrobulbar O -local O -anaesthesia O -in O -prevention O -is O -discussed O -in O -the O -light O -of O -data O -from O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -report O -70 O -cases O -of O -severe O -acute O -generalise O -peritonitis O -treated O -during O -the O -immediate O -postoperative O -periode O -by O -peritoneal O -irrigation O -- O -lavage O -using O -iodinated O -polyvinyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyrrolidone I-Chemical -for O -16 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Antipsychotics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Intracecal O -endotoxin O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -during O -the O -onset O -of O -equine O -laminitis O -: O -a O -preliminary O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -Time O -course O -and O -pathogenesis O -of O -pleural O -fluid O -acidosis O -and O -low O -pleural O -fluid O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Recently O -developed O -radioligand O -binding O -techniques O -permit O -direct O -investigation O -of O -the O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -for O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -a O -wide O -variety O -of O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparative O -oxidation O -of O -anthocyanins O -by O -active O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -therapy O -includes O -the O -following O -basic O -treatment O -; O -antihistaminic O -drugs O -( O -mainly O -hydroxyzine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -and O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -) O -and O -a O -diet O -which O -eliminates O -recognized O -urticaria O -causing O -foods O -. O - -aps B-category -A B-Chemical -17 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -year I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -old I-Chemical -male O -patient O -with O -eczematous O -and O -psoriasiform O -eruption O -that O -developed O -during O -long O -- O -term O -therapy O -with O -Propanolol O -( O -Avlocardyl O -) O -has O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Renal O -acidification O -disturbance O -in O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -deficiency O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -show O -that O -the O -process O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -excretion O -is O -strongly O -impaired O -on O -the O -entire O -length O -of O -the O -nephron O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -are O -fed O -during O -18 O -months O -with O -normal O -diet O -or O -diet O -enriched O -with O -25 O -% O -of O -many O -fats O -; O -half O -of O -these O -diets O -are O -enriched O -with O -25 O -% O -sucrose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -insulinemia O -is O -higher O -by O -the O -males O -on O -diet O -enriched O -with O -beef O -fat O -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -and O -by O -the O -female O -on O -diet O -enriched O -with O -beef O -fat O -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Veratridine O -causes O -deplorization O -of O -excitable O -cells O -and O -produces O -marked O -elevation O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cyclic O -AMP O -) O -and O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cyclic O -GMP O -) O -levels O -in O -incubated O -slices O -of O -mouse O -cerebral O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -ethosuximide B-Chemical -, O -trimethadione O -, O -valproic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -and O -low O -concentrations O -of O -clonazepam B-Chemical -are O -anticonvulsant O -drugs O -that O -act O -predominantly O -against O -Metrazol O -and O -absence O -seizures O -; O -these O -agents O -are O -ineffective O -or O -inhibit O -accumulation O -of O -only O -cyclic O -GMP O -. O - -aps B-category -Cortical O -reflectance O -, O -mean O -arterial O -blood O -pressuees O -, O -electroencephalograms O -, O -and O -cortical O -blood O -flow O -were O -continuously O -recorded O -together O -with O -fluorescence O -of O -reduced O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -( O -PN O -) O -at O -various O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tensions O -before O -, O -during O -, O -and O -following O -middle O -cerebral O -artery O -occlusion O -in O -10 O -squirrel O -monkeys O -receiving O -halothane B-Chemical -or O -babiturate O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Bactericidal O -and O -bacteriostatic O -action O -of O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -against O -memingeal O -pathogens O -. O - -aps B-category -Tissue O -distribution O -and O -the O -effects O -of O -starvation O -and O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -diabetes O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -properties O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -transport O -in O -rat O -heart O -mitochondrial O -inner O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Potentiation O -of O -the O -response O -of O -rat O -vas O -deferens O -to O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -by O -dicylohexylamine O -and O -related O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -number O -of O -structural O -analogues O -of O -dicyclohexylamine O -( O -DCHA O -) O -have O -now O -been O -investigated O -for O -their O -effects O -on O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -responses O -and O -some O -of O -them O -have O -been O -shown O -to O -potentiate O -these O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cardiovascular O -changes O -induced O -by O -15 O -% O -total O -body O -surface O -area O -3 O -degrees O -burn O -have O -been O -studied O -in O -dogs O -anesthetized O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -pentobarbital I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -drug O -withdrawal O -, O -drug O -- O -free O -improvers O -frequently O -demonstrated O -further O -improvement O -when O -treated O -with O -doses O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -that O -were O -substantially O -lower O -than O -the O -clinically O -recommended O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -VEs O -were O -less O -frequent O -( O -38 O -p O -. O -100 O -compared O -to O -68 O -p O -. O -100 O -) O -in O -patients O -taking O -amiodarone B-Chemical -or O -betablockers O -on O -transfer O -from O -the O -CCU O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -assay O -method O -devised O -includes O -the O -addition O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -to O -the O -substrate O -, O -which O -stimulates O -activity O -by O -approximately O -twofold O -, O -and O -reduces O -the O -optimum O -substrate O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -uptake O -is O -selective O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -dependent O -, O -energy O -dependent O -, O -and O -exhibits O -characteristics O -of O -high O -affinity O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrolysis O -of O -p O -- O -NN O -' O -- O -phenylenebismaleimide O -and O -its O -adducts O -with O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -it O -renders O -the O -maleimide O -ring O -unreactive O -towards O -cysteine B-Chemical -, O -this O -rapid O -hydrolysis O -can O -limit O -the O -extent O -of O -cross O -- O -linking O -of O -proteins O -by O -the O -bismaleimide O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibited O -enzyme O -free O -of O -excess O -clavulanic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -shown O -to O -regenerate O -enzyme O -activity O -slowly O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -, O -but O -the O -rate O -of O -reactivation O -increased O -at O -acid O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -reactive O -enamine O -resulting O -from O -enzymic O -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -ring O -of O -clavulanic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -has O -been O -proposed O -as O -a O -possible O -intermediate O -in O -the O -inhibitory O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Donor O -binding O -and O -inhibition O -of O -activity O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -were O -dependent O -on O -the O -ionization O -of O -a O -group O -( O -pK O -6 O -. O -0 O -) O -that O -appeared O -to O -be O -an O -imidazole O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -' O -- O -Deiodination O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -( O -yielding O -3 O -, O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -- O -tri O -- O -iodothyronine O -; O -reaction O -I O -) O -and O -of O -3 O -, O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -tri O -- O -iodothyronine O -( O -yielding O -3 O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -di O -- O -iodothyronine O -; O -reaction O -II O -) O -and O -5 O -- O -deiodination O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -( O -yielding O -3 O -, O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -tri O -- O -iodothyronine O -; O -reaction O -III O -) O -and O -of O -3 O -, O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -- O -tri O -- O -iodothyronine O -( O -yielding O -3 O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -di O -- O -iodothyronine O -; O -reaction O -IV O -) O -as O -catalysed O -by O -rat O -liver O -microsomal O -fraction O -were O -studied O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -, O -7 O -. O -2 O -and O -8 O -. O -0 O -It O -was O -found O -that O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -the O -Km O -of O -reaction O -I O -was O -relatively O -independent O -of O -pH O -( O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -forms O -of O -the O -hydrolase O -have O -the O -same O -pH O -optimum O -of O -7 O -. O -5 O -, O -are O -equally O -sensitive O -to O -the O -thiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -reagents O -p O -- O -hydroxymercuribenzoate O -, O -HgCl O -( O -2 O -) O -, O -and O -5 O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -dithiobis O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -nitrobenzoic O -acid O -) O -, O -and O -exhibit O -the O -same O -K O -( O -m O -) O -( O -1 O -. O -8mum O -) O -with O -palmitoyl O -- O -CoA O -as O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -- O -substrate O -and O -enzyme O -- O -inhibitor O -complexes O -of O -triose O -phosphate B-Chemical -isomerase O -studied O -by O -31P O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -from O -rabbit O -and O -chicken O -muscle O -, O -and O -its O -substrate O -dihydroxyacetone O -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -studied O -by O -31P O -n O -. O -m O -. O -r O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -, O -642 O -- O -- O -647 O -] O -this O -group O -is O -believed O -to O -be O -glutamate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -165 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -substrate O -, O -dihydroxyacetone O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -behaves O -essentially O -like O -glycerol O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Spectrophotometric O -studies O -on O -the O -interaction O -between O -triose O -phosphate B-Chemical -isomerase O -and O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ligands O -were O -2 O -- O -phosphoglycollate O -and O -rac O -- O -glycerol O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -only O -the O -D O -- O -isomer O -, O -sn O -- O -glycerol O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -binds O -appreciably O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -the O -glycerol O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -was O -independent O -of O -pH O -over O -the O -range O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -- O -- O -8 O -. O -5 O -but O -decreased O -at O -lower O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectrophotometric O -measurements O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -IX I-Chemical -alpha O -in O -water O -and O -in O -aqueous O -/ O -organic O -solvent O -mixtures O -at O -pH O -10 O -. O -0 O -as O -a O -function O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -IX I-Chemical -alpha O -concentration O -( O -approx O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentrations O -of O -dioxan O -or O -ethanol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -60 O -% O -( O -v O -/ O -v O -) O -in O -water O -were O -required O -to O -obtain O -the O -absorption O -spectrum O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -IX I-Chemical -alpha O -monomers O -, O -suggesting O -that O -both O -hydrophobic O -and O -electrostatic O -( O -pi O -- O -orbital O -) O -interactions O -are O -involved O -in O -stabilizing O -the O -dimeric O -state O -in O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pattern O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -IX O -alpha O -association O -with O -bile O -salts O -is O -complex O -, O -since O -the O -absorption O -spectrum O -shifts O -hypsochromically O -below O -and O -bathochromically O -above O -the O -critical O -micellar O -concentration O -of O -the O -bile O -salts O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -higher O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -concentrations O -some B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bilirubin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -IX I-Chemical -alpha O -monomers O -partition O -into O -the O -hydrophobic O -interior O -of O -the O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -micelles O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -thiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labelling I-Chemical -reagent O -and O -reactivity O -probe O -containing O -electrophilic O -mercury O -and O -a O -chromophoric O -leaving O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Enthalpy O -changes O -for O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -binding O -to O -hemoglobins O -A O -and O -M O -Iwate O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -alternative O -hypothesis O -for O -the O -direction O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -movement O -and O -energy O -transduction O -in O -H O -. O -halobium O -. O - -aps B-category -Coupling O -of O -amines B-Chemical -to O -and O -cross O -- O -linking O -of O -endogenous O -cytosol O -or O -membrane O -proteins O -by O -hepatic O -transglutaminase O -. O - -aps B-category -Absence O -of O -increased O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylation O -after O -induction O -of O -brain O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -following O -reserpine B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Reverse O -trans O -- O -synaptic O -regulation O -of O -neuronal O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -prophylactic O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -medication O -the O -dose O -must O -be O -calculated O -individually O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -neuroleptogenic O -EPMS O -- O -disturbances O -are O -reversed O -by O -clozapine B-Chemical -in O -animal O -experiments O -and O -in O -clinical O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Clozapine O -seems O -to O -be O -a O -favourable O -concomitant O -medication O -when O -high O -dosage O -therapy O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -is O -applied O -- O -- O -or O -at O -the O -incidence O -of O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -45 O -psychotic O -in O -- O -patients O -with O -the O -paranoid O -- O -hallucinatory O -syndrome O -, O -the O -psychopathology O -, O -the O -extrapyramidal O -motor O -disturbances O -and O -3 O -- O -methoxy O -- O -4 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -phenylethyleneglycol O -( O -MHPG B-Chemical -) O -in O -CSF O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -investigation O -of O -MHPG B-Chemical -in O -CSF O -under O -treatment O -with O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -showed O -no O -correlation O -between O -antipsychotic O -activity O -and O -the O -turnover O -of O -central O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Central O -and O -peripheral O -interactions O -of O -the O -antiparkinson O -agent O -biperiden B-Chemical -and O -the O -antihistaminic O -bamipin O -on O -the O -rat O -excited O -by O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -in O -6 O -s O -) O -are O -used O -for O -demonstrating O -synergistic O -effects O -of O -the O -central O -anticholinergic O -drug O -biperiden B-Chemical -( O -Akineton O -) O -and O -the O -antihistamine O -bamipine O -( O -Soventol O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -enhanced O -toxicity O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -caused O -by O -bamipine O -in O -a O -defined O -dosage O -range O -is O -antagonized O -by O -biperiden B-Chemical -in O -a O -dose O -related O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -treatments O -with O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -or O -lithium B-Chemical -salts O -are O -well O -established O -and O -, O -with O -regard O -to O -side O -- O -effects O -, O -possess O -a O -common O -denominator O -: O -both O -treatments O -may O -increase O -the O -body O -weight O -, O -and O -may O -influence O -in O -different O -, O -even O -contrary O -ways O -the O -carbohydrate O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -test O -was O -repeated O -within O -six O -months O -in O -the O -lithium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -group I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -55 O -% O -of O -the O -patients O -had O -overweight O -, O -which O -positively O -correlated O -to O -the O -occurrence O -of O -pathological O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -also O -under O -long O -- O -term O -lithium B-Chemical -treatment O -an O -increased O -lability O -of O -carbohydrate O -metabolism O -, O -be O -it O -due O -to O -the O -drug O -or O -the O -manic O -- O -depressive O -disease O -, O -must O -be O -discussed O -as O -a O -potential O -risk O -for O -the O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Neuroleptics B-Chemical -and O -extrapyramidal O -effects O -from O -the O -biochemical O -viewpoint O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -of O -the O -stereoisomers O -of O -the O -centrally O -acting O -analgesic O -1 O -- O -[ O -1 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -chlorobenzyl O -) O -- O -pyrrol O -- O -2 O -- O -yl O -] O -- O -2 O -- O -di O -- O -sec O -. O -- B-Chemical -butylamino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethanol I-Chemical -( O -viminol O -) O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -capacity O -of O -the O -viminol O -stereoisomers O -to O -the O -opiate O -receptors O -and O -their O -influence O -on O -the O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -release O -from O -the O -intestinal O -cholinergic O -terminals O -electrically O -stimulated O -are O -also O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -theophylline B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -measured O -in O -nine O -patients O -with O -chronic O -- O -obstructive O -lung O -disease O -following O -oral O -, O -i O -. O -m O -. O - -aps B-category -208 O -mg O -of O -the O -pH O -- O -neutral O -solution O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -showed O -very O -similar O -serum O -concentrations O -as O -did O -240 O -mg O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Problems O -in O -determination O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -in O -rat O -liver O -supernatant O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -and O -3 O -- O -hydroxydiazepam O -( O -temazepam B-Chemical -) O -and O -sleep O -of O -middle O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -change O -in O -CBF O -was O -found O -with O -any O -of O -the O -four O -drugs O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -fall O -which O -has O -been O -reported O -when O -drugs O -of O -this O -type O -are O -administered O -acutely O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrocortisone B-Chemical -in O -pharmacologically O -attainable O -concentrations O -potentiates O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -- O -stimulated O -cyclic O -AMP O -accumulation O -in O -rat O -peritoneal O -mast O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Competition O -binding O -studies O -with O -epinephrine B-Chemical -revealed O -no O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -change O -in O -Kd O -values O -for O -this O -agonist O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -orotate O -phosphoribosyl O -transferase O -( O -OPRT O -) O -and O -orotidine O -monophosphate O -decarboxylase O -( O -ODC O -) O -were O -significantly O -elevated O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -in O -erythrocytes O -( O -RBC O -) O -from O -five O -patients O -with O -prednisone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -responsive I-Chemical -congenital O -hypoplastic O -anaemia O -( O -CHA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -one O -patient O -prior O -to O -prednisone B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -the O -OPRT O -and O -ODT O -activities O -were O -elevated O -10 O -- O -fold O -and O -remained O -elevated O -3 O -- O -fold O -after O -16 O -months O -of O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -the O -sucrose B-Chemical -haemolysis O -reaction O -of O -Hartmann O -& O -amp O -; O -Jenkins O -( O -1966 O -) O -as O -a O -basic O -model O -, O -the O -low O -ionic O -strength O -reaction O -( O -LISR O -) O -of O -human O -blood O -was O -studied O -to O -determine O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -serum O -Ig O -uptake O -by O -RBC O -with O -saline O -elution O -and O -125I O -- O -IgG O -uptake O -, O -and O -( O -2 O -) O -complement O -fixation O -( O -CF O -) O -to O -RBC O -with O -lysis O -of O -PNH O -cells O -and O -C3H O -/ O -C4 O -antiglobulin O -haemagglutination O -( O -AH O -) O -of O -normal O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nucleotide B-Chemical -trans O -- O -alpha O -, O -beta O -- O -diformamido O -- O -beta O -- O -( O -5 O -' O -- O -phosphoribosylamino O -) O -acrylamide O -( O -DAR O -) O -has O -been O -chemically O -synthesized O -and O -is O -converted O -to O -inosine O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -IMP O -) O -by O -enzyme O -activities O -found O -in O -chicken O -, O -rat O -, O -and O -human O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -transport O -and O -glycolysis O -in O -Ehrlich O -ascites O -tumor O -cells O -by O -bioflavonoids O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -effective O -bioflavonoids O -have O -four O -to O -five O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Quercetin O -, O -the O -most O -extensively O -studied O -of O -these O -compounds O -, O -inhibits O -lactate B-Chemical -efflux O -by O -50 O -% O -at O -0 O -. O -1 O -micrograms O -/ O -mg O -of O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -is O -also O -inhibited O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -quercetin O -on O -glycolysis O -can O -be O -explained O -by O -its O -effect O -on O -lactate B-Chemical -efflux O -and O -its O -previously O -reported O -effect O -on O -the O -Na O -+ O -- O -- O -K O -+ O -ATPase O -[ O -Suolinna O -, O -E O -. O -- O -- O -M O -. O -, O -et O -al O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specifically O -13C O -- O -labeled O -( O -90 O -% O -13C O -- O -enriched O -) O -peptide O -hormone O -derivatives O -[ O -1 O -- O -hem O -[ O -2 O -- O -13C O -] O -cystine O -] O -oxytocin B-Chemical -, O -[ O -1 O -- O -hemi O -[ O -1 O -- O -13C O -] O -cystine O -] O -oxytocin B-Chemical -, O -and O -[ O -2 O -- O -[ O -- O -2 O -- O -13C O -] O -tyrosine B-Chemical -[ O -- B-Chemical -oxytocin I-Chemical -and O -the O -analogue O -[ O -3 O -- O -[ O -2 O -- O -13C O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -] O -oxytocin B-Chemical -were O -prepared O -by O -total O -synthesis O -and O -used O -to O -study O -the O -interactions O -of O -the O -neurohypophyseal O -hormones O -with O -the O -bovine O -neurophysins O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -and O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -low O -pH O -, O -the O -dissociation O -rate O -constant O -( O -koff O -) O -is O -about O -100 O -- O -fold O -greater O -than O -the O -value O -at O -neutral O -pH O -, O -and O -this O -increase O -appears O -to O -be O -due O -exclusively O -to O -the O -breaking O -of O -the O -salt B-Chemical -bridge O -involving O -the O -N O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -group O -of O -oxytocin B-Chemical -and O -a O -side O -- O -chain O -carboxyl O -group O -of O -neurophysin O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -high O -pH O -, O -the O -decrease O -in O -binding O -affinity O -is O -due O -solely O -to O -the O -deprotonation O -of O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -of O -the O -free O -hormone O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -the O -molecular O -species O -of O -the O -chick O -oviduct O -progesterone B-Chemical -receptor O -using O -isoelectric O -focusing O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -assaying O -of O -the O -focused O -fractions O -with O -the O -charcoal B-Chemical -binding O -method O -provides O -an O -accurate O -identification O -and O -quantitation O -of O -the O -[ O -3H O -] O -progesterone B-Chemical -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -esters O -of O -straight O -- O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -used O -as O -substrates O -of O -the O -enzyme O -subtilisin O -Novo O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -4 O -. O -16 O -) O -and O -its O -chemically O -produced O -artificial O -enzyme O -thiolsubtilisin O -. O - -aps B-category -Ouabain O -- O -sensitive O -Na O -+ O -and O -K O -+ O -fluxes O -and O -ATP O -content O -were O -determined O -in O -high O -potassium B-Chemical -sheep O -erythrocytes O -at O -different O -values O -of O -membrane O -potential O -and O -internal O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Titration O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -channel O -sites O -for O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -block O -and O -sensitized O -photochemical O -modification O -of O -lobster O -axons O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -axons O -were O -studied O -in O -a O -double O -sucrose B-Chemical -gap O -voltage O -clamp O -arrangement O -and O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -external O -bath O -was O -varied O -over O -the O -range O -4 O -. O -1 O -- O -- O -11 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -constant O -for O -photochemical O -block O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -channels O -was O -depressed O -at O -both O -high O -and O -low O -pH O -relative O -to O -that O -at O -neutral O -pH O -, O -revealing O -the O -existence O -of O -two O -receptors O -involved O -in O -the O -process O -with O -pK O -values O -of O -4 O -. O -8 O -and O -10 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -proposed O -as O -a O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -low O -and O -high O -pK O -receptors O -are O -histidine O -imidazole O -and O -primary O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -, O -photooxidation O -of O -which O -leads O -to O -channel O -block O -via O -cross O -- O -linking O -of O -channel O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Brush O -border O -membranes O -prepared O -by O -this O -procedure O -were O -substantially O -free O -of O -basal O -- O -lateral O -membranes O -, O -mitochondria O -, O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -and O -nuclear O -material O -as O -evidenced O -by O -an O -enrichment O -factor O -of O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -3 O -for O -( O -Na O -+ O -+ O -K O -+ O -) O -- O -ATPase O -, O -succinate O -dehydrogenase O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -and O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Transport O -of O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminohippuric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -were O -increased O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -either O -gradient O -or O -preequilibrated O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptakes O -of O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminohippuric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -were O -not O -saturable O -, O -and O -were O -increased O -markedly O -by O -reducing O -the O -pH O -from O -7 O -. O -5 O -to O -5 O -. O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -the O -uptake O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminohippuric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -by O -renal O -brush O -border O -membranes O -of O -the O -rabbit O -occurs O -primarily O -by O -a O -simple O -solubility O -- O -diffusion O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -for O -partial O -purification O -of O -an O -enzyme O -system O -from O -greening O -wheat O -leaves O -which O -converts O -14C O -- O -labeled O -glutamate B-Chemical -to O -delta O -- O -aminolevulinic O -acid O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Affinity O -labeling O -of O -histidine O -and O -lysine O -residue O -in O -the O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -substrate O -binding O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alkylation O -rate O -and O -involved O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -were O -studied O -for O -both O -reagents O -I O -and O -II O -, O -at O -pH O -8 O -and O -5 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -strain O -of O -the O -obligate O -anaerobe O -, O -Eubacterium O -lentum O -, O -isolated O -from O -human O -feces O -, O -catalyzes O -the O -21 O -- O -dehydroxylation O -of O -11 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxycorticosterone I-Chemical -to O -progesterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -substrate O -concentration O -at O -half O -- O -maximal O -reaction O -velocity O -was O -8 O -. O -0 O -microM O -and O -a O -specific O -acitivity O -of O -5 O -. O -8 O -nmol O -[ O -3H O -] O -progesterone B-Chemical -formed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -of O -the O -alkylacyl O -type O -of O -choline B-Chemical -and O -ethanolamine O -glycerophospholipids O -was O -moderately O -inhibited O -by O -1 O -mM O -ATP O -and O -1 O -microM O -cyclic O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -AMP O -may O -mediate O -the O -effects O -of O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -16 O -: O -0 O -and O -20 O -: O -0 O -D O -- O -2 O -- O -hydroxy O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -unusual O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -of O -marine O -origin O -are O -suggested O -to O -originate O -in O -this O -long O -- O -chain O -base O -by O -metabolic O -conversion O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -metallochromic O -indicator O -for O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -arsenazo O -III O -is O -approximately O -50 O -times O -more O -sensitive O -than O -murexide O -. O - -aps B-category -Angiotensin B-Chemical -and O -bradykinin B-Chemical -interactions O -with O -phospholipids O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -dissociation O -constant O -of O -this O -complex O -in O -chloroform B-Chemical -was O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -. O -The O -complex O -contained O -more O -than O -one O -cardiolipin O -molecule O -/ O -molecule O -of O -peptide O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -aqueous O -media O -, O -cardiolipin O -suspensions O -preferentially O -bound O -( O -des O -- O -Asp1 O -) O -- B-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -, O -and O -inhibited O -its O -binding O -by O -antibody O -. O - -aps B-category -Arginine O -vasopressin B-Chemical -during O -gestation O -and O -parturition O -in O -sheep O -fetus O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -preparturient O -rise O -in O -fetal O -vasopressin B-Chemical -was O -noted O -, O -but O -levels O -increased O -progressively O -during O -labor O -to O -reach O -peak O -levels O -in O -cord O -blood O -( O -range O -7 O -. O -5 O -- O -- O -8 O -, O -000 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -relationship O -between O -prolonged O -antepartum O -intrauterine O -asphyxia O -and O -increases O -in O -fetal O -vasopressin B-Chemical -was O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -Alterations O -in O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -during O -respiratory O -distress O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -urea B-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -remained O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Injection O -of O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -a O -potent O -neuroexcitant O -structurally O -related O -to O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -into O -the O -rat O -striatum O -causes O -a O -selective O -neuronal O -degeneration O -resembling O -that O -of O -HD O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -striatal O -kainate B-Chemical -lesion O -has O -aided O -in O -the O -characterization O -of O -the O -neuronal O -circuitry O -in O -the O -nigrostriatal O -axis O -including O -the O -neuronal O -localization O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -, O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -binding O -sites O -, O -and O -GABA B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kainate B-Chemical -model O -has O -been O -used O -to O -test O -drugs O -that O -may O -be O -of O -therapeutic O -benefit O -for O -HD O -. O - -aps B-category -Dysphoric O -response O -to O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -schizophrenia O -: O -its O -relationship O -to O -autonomic O -arousal O -and O -prognosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dysphoric O -response O -was O -unrelated O -to O -base O -- O -line O -dysphoria O -or O -to O -the O -extrapyramidal O -reactions O -to O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -medication O -, O -and O -seemed O -to O -reflect O -some O -basic O -biological O -differences O -between O -the O -poor O -prognosis O -nonparanoid O -, O -the O -good O -prognosis O -nonparanoid O -, O -and O -the O -paranoid O -schizophrenics O -. O - -aps B-category -Lumbar O -CSF O -HVA O -, O -MHPG B-Chemical -, O -5HIAA O -, O -cAMP B-Chemical -, O -and O -cGMP B-Chemical -were O -measured O -in O -12 O -chronic O -schizophrenics O -with O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -before O -and O -3 O -weeks O -after O -sodium B-Chemical -valproate I-Chemical -( O -VPA O -) O -or O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -significant O -correlations O -between O -the O -degree O -of O -improvement O -in O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -and O -the O -changes O -of O -amine B-Chemical -metabolities O -or O -cyclic O -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -Decrease O -of O -HVA O -and O -increase O -of O -cGMP B-Chemical -during O -the O -treatment O -might O -indicate O -the O -normalization O -of O -dopaminergic O -- O -cholinergic O -imbalance O -in O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absence O -of O -lung O -damage O -in O -rats O -after O -chronic O -exposure O -to O -2 O -ppm O -nitrogen B-Chemical -dioxide O -. O - -aps B-category -Finger O -tremor O -and O -extrapyramidal O -side O -- O -effects O -( O -EPSEs O -) O -were O -measured O -in O -seven O -patients O -before O -and O -during O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drug O -treatment O -to O -assess O -the O -relationship O -between O -the O -onset O -of O -EPSEs O -and O -changes O -in O -finger O -tremor O -spectra O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -downward O -shift O -in O -peak O -tremor O -frequently O -was O -noted O -within O -48 O -hours O -of O -starting O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drug O -therapy O -, O -usually O -before O -the O -onset O -of O -EPSEs O -, O -and O -a O -significant O -negative O -relationship O -between O -the O -severity O -of O -EPSEs O -and O -tremor O -frequency O -( O -but O -not O -tremor O -amplitude O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Superfusion O -of O -neurointermediate O -lobes O -of O -intact O -donor O -rats O -with O -medium O -containing O -45 O -mM O -K O -+ O -induced O -a O -stimulation O -of O -the O -release O -of O -oxytocin B-Chemical -, O -arginine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -vasopressin I-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -and O -inhibited O -the O -release O -of O -MSH O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -dopaminergic O -plexus O -was O -left O -intact O -, O -as O -was O -the O -K O -+ O -- O -induced O -stimulation O -of O -DA O -release O -and O -inhibition O -of O -MSH O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Exposure O -of O -neuroblastoma O -cells O -( O -NBD O -- O -2 O -) O -to O -8 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bromo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -monophosphate O -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -mM O -) O -( O -8 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Br I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cAMP I-Chemical -) O -for O -15 O -min O -caused O -a O -long O -term O -increase O -in O -the O -Vmax O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -monooxygenase I-Chemical -activity O -( O -TH O -) O -beginning O -about O -1 O -day O -after O -8 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Br I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cAMP I-Chemical -application O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -chronic O -bulbectomy O -on O -the O -depth O -distribution O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transmitter O -candidates O -in O -rat O -olfactory O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -Guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -increases O -after O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -lesion O -of O -rat O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -Reciprocal O -modulation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylasea O -activity O -in O -rat O -carotid O -body O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chemical O -properties O -of O -the O -three O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -of O -insulin O -were O -obtained O -at O -10 O -and O -37 O -degrees O -C O -using O -the O -competitive O -labelling O -technique O -with O -acetic O -anhydride O -as O -the O -labelling O -reagent O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -compared O -with O -standard O -amino B-Chemical -compounds O -by O -means O -of O -a O -Brønsted O -plot O -, O -the O -two O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -termini I-Chemical -were O -found O -to O -be O -' O -super O -- O -reactive O -' O -and O -the O -lysyl O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -buried O -. O - -aps B-category -Above O -pH O -8 O -the O -reactivities O -of O -the O -glycyl O -amino B-Chemical -terminus O -and O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -increase O -sharply O -indicating O -that O -insulin O -is O -undergoing O -a O -conformational O -change O -which O -is O -most O -likely O -a O -change O -in O -its O -association O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -behaviour O -is O -interpreted O -as O -a O -rapid O -disaggregation O -of O -insulin O -to O -form O -monomers O -as O -a O -result O -of O -the O -ionization O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -growth O -hormone O -on O -the O -metabolism O -of O -a O -tryptophan B-Chemical -load O -in O -the O -liver O -and O -brain O -of O -hypophysectomized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -shown O -that O -contrary O -to O -previous O -reports O -, O -growth O -hormone O -is O -also O -capable O -of O -antagonizing O -the O -induction O -of O -these O -enzymes O -by O -tryptophan B-Chemical -and O -alpha O -- O -methyl O -tryptophan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Growth O -hormone O -decreases O -the O -rate O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -catabolism O -in O -vivo O -after O -induction O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -pyrrolase O -by O -tryptophan B-Chemical -and O -alpha O -- O -methyl O -tryptophan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -although O -tryptophan B-Chemical -administration O -raises O -brain O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -levels O -, O -induction O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -pyrrolase O -in O -the O -liver O -, O -by O -the O -load O -, O -limits O -the O -extent O -and O -duration O -of O -the O -rise O -in O -brain O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reactions O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -with O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -reagents O -5 O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -dithiobis O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -nitrobenzoic O -acid O -) O -and O -4 O -, O -4 O -' O -- O -dithiodipyridine O -. O - -aps B-category -Certain O -evidence O -in O -this O -paper O -is O -consistent O -with O -the O -belief O -that O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -modified O -by O -DTNB O -, O -and O -that O -whose O -modification O -by O -4 O -, O -4 O -' O -- O -PDS O -inactivates O -the O -enzyme O -, O -are O -the O -same O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -introduction O -of O -the O -disulfide O -bond O -, O -if O -this O -is O -what O -occurs O -, O -does O -not O -lead B-Chemical -to O -cross O -- O -linking O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -synthase O -polypeptide O -chains O -, O -as O -judged O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -under O -nonreducing O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Distinctive O -properties O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -the O -cyanobacterium O -Anacystis O -nidulans O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitrate O -- O -grown O -cells O -have O -64 O -% O -more O -GS O -than O -cells O -grown O -in O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -resultant O -culture O -density O -fluctuations O -are O -interpreted O -in O -terms O -of O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -uptake O -which O -, O -in O -this O -system O -, O -is O -a O -function O -of O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Utilization O -of O -seawater B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -as O -a O -culture O -medium O -for O -Spirulina O -maxima O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -culture O -medium O -as O -good O -as O -the O -synthetic O -medium O -reported O -in O -the O -literature O -for O -the O -growth O -of O -S O -. O -maxima O -was O -obtained O -after O -treating O -seawater O -with O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -( O -19 O -. O -2 O -g O -/ O -L O -) O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -2 O -and O -35 O -degrees O -C O -for O -2 O -h O -, O -filtering O -to O -remove O -precipitates O -, O -and O -enriching O -with O -K2HPO4 O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -g O -/ O -L O -) O -, O -NaNO3 O -( O -3 O -. O -0 O -g O -/ O -L O -) O -, O -and O -FeSO4 O -( O -0 O -. O -01 O -g O -/ O -L O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Growth O -of O -S O -. O -maxima O -was O -inhibited O -at O -higher O -concentration O -of O -urea B-Chemical -in O -the O -culture O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Tests O -conducted O -on O -the O -130 O -- O -L O -cultivation O -open O -pond O -also O -confirmed O -that O -the O -seawater B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -medium O -supports O -growth O -of O -S O -. O -maxima O -as O -well O -as O -the O -best O -known O -synthetic O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -101 O -and O -0 O -. O -53 O -for O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -( O -AT O -) O -rice O -straw O -indicating O -penetration O -of O -cellulase O -into O -AT O -rice O -straw O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -main O -constituent O -in O -the O -hydrolysate O -from O -cellulose O -was O -glucose B-Chemical -with O -little O -or O -no O -cellobiose O -, O -probably O -due O -to O -the O -high O -cellobiase O -content O -in O -the O -culture O -filtrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Whole O -native O -straw O -was O -found O -to O -be O -the O -most O -recalcitrant O -to O -bioconversion O -into O -SCP O -; O -however O -, O -protein O -production O -was O -almost O -doubled O -when O -the O -lignin O -component O -was O -removed O -using O -a O -mixture O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -chlorite O -and O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -that O -of O -serum O -of O -urine O -lysozyme O -and O -serum O -copper B-Chemical -, O -the O -determination O -of O -urine O -arylsulfatase O -activities O -appears O -to O -be O -a O -consistent O -, O -useful O -indicator O -of O -response O -to O -antileukemic O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -pH O -on O -the O -ratio O -of O -substitution O -products O -in O -DNA O -after O -reaction O -with O -the O -carcinogen O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylaminofluorene I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -case O -of O -N O -- O -AcO O -- O -AAF O -, O -the O -ratio O -of O -N O -- O -( O -guanin O -- O -8 O -- O -yl O -) O -- B-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylaminofluorene I-Chemical -( O -N O -- O -( O -guanine O -- O -8 O -- O -yl O -) O -- O -AAF O -) O -to O -3 O -- O -( O -guanin O -- O -N2 O -- O -yl O -) O -- B-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylaminofluorene I-Chemical -( O -3 O -- O -( O -guanin O -- O -N2 O -- O -yl O -) O -- O -AAF O -) O -increased O -2 O -. O -2 O -times O -over O -the O -entire O -pH O -range O -studied O -, O -starting O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O - -aps B-category -Ascorbic O -acid O -shows O -nonuniform O -behavior O -: O -it O -accelerates O -the O -nitrosation O -of O -N O -- O -methylaniline O -between O -pH O -1 O -. O -00 O -and O -1 O -. O -95 O -, O -allows O -the O -nitrosation O -of O -diphenylamine O -and O -iminodiacetonitrile O -, O -but O -inhibits O -the O -nitrosation O -of O -secondary O -amines B-Chemical -, O -such O -as O -dimethylamine O -, O -diethylamine O -, O -proline O -, O -hydroxyproline B-Chemical -, O -N O -- O -methylaminoacetonitrile O -, O -N O -- O -methylaminopropionitrile O -, O -and O -sarcosine O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulfato O -- O -trans O -- O -( O -- O -) O -- O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -diaminocyclohexane O -platinum B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -is O -a O -new O -antitumor O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatocytes O -maintained O -on O -the O -C3H O -/ O -10T1 O -/ O -2 O -cells O -were O -inducible O -for O -the O -liver O -- O -specific O -enzyme O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -and O -exhibited O -approximately O -a O -4 O -- O -fold O -induction O -by O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -during O -a O -10 O -- O -day O -culture O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -log O -kappa O -- O -pH O -profile O -demonstrated O -the O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -ion O -- O -catalyzed O -solvolysis O -and O -a O -maximum O -stability O -around O -pH O -3 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -to O -normal O -plasma O -led O -to O -a O -slight O -decrease O -in O -Tpd O -only O -when O -the O -concentration O -exceeded O -99 O -microns O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -only O -change O -in O -PNMT O -activity O -1 O -week O -after O -denervation O -was O -in O -posterior O -hypothalamus O -( O -to O -59 O -% O -of O -control O -) O -, O -whereas O -at O -4 O -weeks O -there O -was O -in O -increase O -in O -the O -spinal O -cord O -( O -to O -159 O -% O -) O -and O -a O -decrease O -in O -both O -the O -anterior O -and O -posterior O -hypothalamus O -( O -to O -59 O -% O -and O -64 O -% O -of O -control O -, O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increased O -specific O -activity O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -activated O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -( O -ATPase O -) O -of O -atrial O -myosin O -appeared O -to O -correlate O -with O -the O -level O -of O -the O -activity O -of O -ventricular O -myosin O -ATPase O -in O -the O -animal O -, O -since O -the O -same O -order O -in O -ATPase O -activity O -, O -as O -observed O -in O -ventricular O -myosins O -from O -various O -animals O -, O -was O -noted O -in O -atrial O -myosins O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -ATPase O -activities O -of O -atrial O -and O -ventricular O -myosins O -were O -different O -with O -special O -reference O -to O -the O -reaction O -pathway O -involving O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -ions O -and O -appear O -to O -account O -for O -the O -difference O -in O -the O -velocity O -of O -contraction O -between O -the O -atria O -and O -the O -ventricles O -. O - -aps B-category -Transient O -contractile O -responses O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -of O -vascular O -segments O -from O -the O -rabbit O -vertebral O -, O -internal O -carotid O -, O -and O -basilar O -arteries O -rise O -to O -a O -peak O -within O -several O -seconds O -, O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -agonist O -, O -reverse O -rapidly O -, O -relaxing O -with O -a O -half O -- O -time O -of O -15 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -2 O -seconds O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -blocker O -atenolol B-Chemical -and O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -on O -left O -ventricular O -function O -and O -geometry O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -preventive O -effect O -of O -ketotifen O -, O -a O -new O -drug O -with O -anti O -- O -histaminic O -and O -antiallergic O -properties O -, O -on O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -bronchoconstriction O -was O -studied O -by O -open O -assessment O -in O -twenty O -- O -four O -adult O -patients O -with O -extrinsic O -asthma O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -4 O -weeks O -' O -regimen O -of O -1 O -mg O -ketotifen O -twice O -daily O -the O -post O -- O -drug O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -fall O -in O -PEF O -was O -further O -significantly O -reduced O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -ketotifen O -has O -a O -marked O -preventive O -effect O -on O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -bronchoconstriction O -and O -that O -this O -effect O -is O -enhanced O -during O -continued O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -measured O -free O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -related O -variables O -before O -and O -after O -the O -subject O -changed O -from O -the O -upright O -to O -the O -supine O -posture O -, O -doing O -15 O -separate O -such O -experiments O -on O -11 O -healthy O -men O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -lactate B-Chemical -values O -were O -not O -rapidly O -reversible O -; O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -showed O -no O -significant O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -excretion O -of O -arylsulfatases O -in O -malnourished O -/ O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -deficient O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -increase O -in O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -after O -appropriate O -therapy O -was O -observed O -in O -all O -malnourished O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -urinary O -arylsulfatase O -A O -activity O -excreted O -in O -24 O -- O -h O -or O -within O -8 O -- O -h O -in O -the O -morning O -( O -6 O -a O -. O -m O -. O -to O -2 O -p O -. O -m O -. O -) O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -in O -cases O -of O -malnutrition O -with O -or O -without O -mild O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -deficiency O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -on O -urinary O -arylsulfatases O -excretory O -pattern O -have O -been O -obtained O -either O -in O -samples O -collected O -for O -24 O -- O -h O -or O -specifically O -for O -8 O -- O -h O -( O -morning O -) O -and O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -this O -test O -on O -urinary O -arylsulfatases O -may O -prove O -useful O -for O -detection O -of O -acute O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -deficiency O -with O -malnutrition O -in O -field O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Relationship O -of O -mitten O -patterns O -to O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drug O -induced O -dyskinesias O -in O -psychiatric O -patients O -: O -early O -investigative O -findings O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -author O -discusses O -factors O -initiating O -parturition O -, O -and O -the O -benefits O -and O -risks O -for O -mother O -and O -child O -of O -administration O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -beta O -adrenergic O -agents O -, O -magnesium B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -, O -and O -other O -agents O -that O -may O -counteract O -them O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -metabolic O -acidosis O -simulated O -in O -vitro O -on O -ammoniagenesis O -was O -investigated O -by O -using O -the O -isolated O -kidney O -of O -the O -rat O -perfused O -with O -an O -albumin O -Krebs O -- O -Henseleit O -medium O -containing O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -studies O -in O -vitro O -with O -other O -preparations O -, O -with O -the O -functional O -perfused O -kidney O -a O -diminution O -in O -perfusate O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -resulted O -in O -a O -prompt O -increase O -in O -ammonia B-Chemical -production O -, O -which O -was O -strikingly O -correlated O -with O -the O -decrease O -in O -urine O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -a O -decrease O -in O -urine O -pH O -with O -trapping O -of O -ammonia B-Chemical -in O -the O -urine O -may O -be O -a O -critical O -stimulus O -for O -increased O -ammonia B-Chemical -production O -in O -acute O -metabolic O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Leucocytes O -were O -isolated O -from O -blood O -of O -healthy O -volunteer O -subjects O -and O -incubated O -in O -media O -of O -which O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -PCO2 O -and O -pH O -composition O -were O -varied O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -, O -ouabain B-Chemical -and O -hydrostatic O -pressure O -on O -inulin O -and O -electrolyte O -concentration O -of O -fluid O -perfusing O -pig O -carotid O -arteries O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -effects O -of O -hormones O -on O -the O -metabolism O -of O -glycogen O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -studied O -in O -the O -perfused O -liver O -of O -normal O -and O -genetically O -obese O -( O -ob O -/ O -ob O -) O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -hormones O -inhibited O -the O -synthesis O -de O -novo O -of O -long O -- O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -livers O -from O -normal O -mice O -, O -but O -not O -in O -livers O -from O -obese O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -add O -to O -the O -evidence O -that O -hepatic O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -genetically O -obese O -( O -ob O -/ O -ob O -) O -mice O -is O -irreversibly O -resistant O -to O -inhibition O -by O -a O -range O -of O -hormones O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -observations O -from O -an O -earlier O -study O -in O -which O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -in O -a O -dose O -of O -180 O -mg O -daily O -was O -administered O -to O -ten O -normal O -men O -and O -women O -for O -3 O -weeks O -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -change O -in O -the O -ratios O -of O -the O -cholesterol B-Chemical -: O -apolipoprotein O -B O -and O -triglyceride B-Chemical -: O -apolipoprotein O -B O -in O -LDL O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -amphotericin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -distal O -acidification O -defect O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -intravenous O -sodium B-Chemical -lactate B-Chemical -on O -renal O -tubular O -reabsorption O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -lactate B-Chemical -produced O -a O -marked O -but O -transient O -increase O -in O -urinary O -phosphate B-Chemical -excretion O -due O -to O -a O -reduction O -in O -net O -renal O -tubular O -reabsorption O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -; O -the O -mean O -value O -of O -the O -maximum O -rate O -of O -renal O -tubular O -reabsorption O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -/ O -unit O -of O -glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -( O -TmP O -/ O -GFR O -) O -decreased O -from O -1 O -. O -14 O -to O -0 O -. O -82 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -drugs O -increased O -extracellular O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentrations O -and O -depressed O -extracellular O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -nephrectomized O -rats O -compared O -with O -controls O -but O -did O -not O -alter O -these O -parameters O -in O -intact O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Absence O -of O -adrenergic O -mediation O -of O -agonist O -response O -to O -[ O -Sar1 O -, O -Ala8 O -] O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -in O -conscious O -normotensive O -and O -hypertensive O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -increases O -in O -blood O -pressure O -and O -renal O -vascular O -resistance O -were O -unaffected O -by O -administration O -of O -either O -phentolamine B-Chemical -or O -guanethidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dependence O -of O -deoxycorticosterone B-Chemical -/ O -salt B-Chemical -hypertension O -in O -the O -rat O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -adrenergic O -cardiac O -nerves O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -development O -of O -DOCA B-Chemical -/ O -salt B-Chemical -hypertension O -, O -as O -monitored O -by O -tail O -- O -cuff O -plethysmography O -, O -was O -prevented O -by O -: O -( O -a O -) O -destruction O -of O -the O -peripheral O -adrenergic O -nerves O -with O -neonatal O -administration O -of O -guanethidine B-Chemical -( O -80 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -subcutaneously O -for O -the O -first O -14 O -days O -postnatally O -) O -; O -( O -b O -) O -bilateral O -stellate O -ganglionectomy O -; O -( O -c O -) O -oral O -administration O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -antagonists O -propranolol B-Chemical -or O -atenolol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -day O -- O -1 O -kg O -- O -1 O -) O -during O -the O -period O -of O -DOCA B-Chemical -/ O -salt B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -this O -model O -of O -DOCA B-Chemical -/ O -salt B-Chemical -hypertension O -is O -due O -to O -adrenergic O -enhancement O -of O -cardiac O -output O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -increased O -sodium B-Chemical -load O -. O - -aps B-category -Homogenates O -of O -cultured O -skin O -fibroblasts O -derived O -from O -patients O -with O -alpha O -- O -L O -- O -iduronidase O -- O -deficiency O -disorders O -( O -Hurler O -and O -Scheie O -syndromes O -) O -were O -capable O -of O -hydrolysing O -iduronosyl O -anhydro O -- O -[ O -1 O -- O -3H O -] O -mannitol B-Chemical -6 O -- O -sulphate O -although O -at O -considerably O -reduced O -rates O -compared O -with O -normal O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Peptides O -obtained O -from O -elastin O -by O -hydrolysis O -with O -aqueous O -ethanolic O -potassium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -citrate B-Chemical -and O -Heller O -- O -Paul O -oxalate O -solutions O -were O -found O -to O -be O -suitable O -alternatives O -to O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -EDTA O -was O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -uptake O -process O -is O -not O -that O -which O -has O -been O -described O -for O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -and O -evidence O -is O -presented O -to O -suggest O -that O -the O -type O -I O -and O -type O -II O -alveolar O -epithelial O -cells O -are O -sites O -of O -accumulation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -radical O -may O -lead B-Chemical -directly O -or O -indirectly O -to O -the O -formation O -of O -lipid O -peroxides B-Chemical -and O -hence O -to O -cell O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -, O -therefore O -, O -that O -the O -primary O -mechanism O -of O -toxicity O -of O -paraquat O -is O -the O -extreme O -oxidation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -which O -inhibits O -vital O -physiological O -processes O -and O -renders O -the O -cell O -more O -susceptible O -to O -attack O -from O -lipid B-Chemical -hydroperoxides I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Upper O -limits O -for O -the O -rates O -of O -reaction O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -with O -superoxide B-Chemical -radicals O -have O -been O -determined O -spectrophotometrically O -by O -the O -stopped O -flow O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -show O -that O -, O -overall O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -are O -relatively O -unreactive O -toward O -both O -HO2 O -and O -O2 O -- O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -- O -order O -rate O -constants O -for O -the O -interaction O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -with O -O2 O -- O -are O -smaller O -and O -range O -from O -0 O -. O -1 O -to O -about O -20 O -1 O -mol O -- O -1s O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -diffusion O -experiments O -show O -, O -the O -singular O -physicochemical O -properties O -which O -give O -calcium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -a O -special O -place O -in O -dentistry O -only O -apply O -to O -water O -- O -containing O -pastes O -. O - -aps B-category -Partial O -carbonation O -of O -Ca O -( O -OH O -) O -2 O -by O -absorption O -of O -CO2 O -from O -air O -does O -not O -lead B-Chemical -to O -any O -lowering O -of O -pH O -of O -the O -Ca O -( O -OH O -) O -2 O -paste O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -open O -angle O -glaucoma O -( O -the O -more O -common O -form O -) O -may O -progress O -to O -near O -blindness O -without O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -main O -types O -differing O -by O -their O -behavioural O -and O -biochemical O -characteristics O -are O -described O -: O -- O -- O -Disuse O -hypersensitivity O -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonists O -, O -induced O -by O -an O -interruption O -of O -dopaminergic O -transmission O -, O -seems O -to O -depend O -on O -an O -increased O -number O -of O -post O -- O -synaptic O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -; O -- O -- O -Hyposensitivity O -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonists O -, O -induced O -by O -an O -overstimulation O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -, O -could O -depend O -on O -their O -qualitative O -or O -quantitative O -modifications O -; O -- O -- O -Behavioural O -facilitation O -, O -elicited O -by O -a O -previous O -administration O -of O -dopaminergic O -agonists O -in O -low O -dosage O -, O -could O -be O -associated O -with O -an O -hyposensitivity O -of O -dopaminergic O -autoreceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptakes O -of O -four O -neurotransmitters O -( O -taurine O -, O -GABA B-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -) O -by O -blood O -platelets O -from O -patients O -with O -degenerative O -- O -type O -progressive O -myoclonus O -epilepsy O -( O -PME O -) O -and O -from O -controls O -were O -studied O -using O -different O -incubation O -times O -and O -different O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -a O -) O -For O -mitochondria O -incubated O -with O -externally O -added O -DL O -- O -isocitrate O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -, O -the O -rate O -of O -isocitrate O -oxidation O -obtained O -by O -extrapolation O -to O -infinite O -alpha O -- O -methylisocitrate O -concentration O -was O -approximately O -70 O -% O -of O -the O -uninhibited O -rate O -in O -both O -state O -3 O -and O -state O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -c O -) O -With O -externally O -added O -isocitrate O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -, O -the O -addition O -of O -NH4Cl O -increased O -isocitrate O -oxidation O -by O -3 O -- O -- O -4 O -- O -fold O -, O -decreased O -NADPH B-Chemical -levels O -by O -30 O -- O -- O -40 O -% O -and O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -accumulation O -by O -about O -40 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -a O -) O -In O -the O -coupled O -reduction O -of O -acetoacetate O -by O -isocitrate O -, O -where O -the O -rate O -of O -reoxidation O -of O -reduced O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -is O -limited O -by O -NAD O -- O -specific O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxybutyrate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -85 O -- O -- O -100 O -% O -of O -the O -rate O -of O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxybutyrate I-Chemical -formation O -was O -retained O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -400 O -- O -- O -900 O -microM O -alpha O -- O -methylisocitrate O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -c O -) O -In O -the O -coupled O -synthesis O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -from O -isocitrate O -and O -NH4Cl O -, O -where O -the O -reoxidation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -NADH O -can O -occur O -via O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -the O -rate O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -production O -extrapolated O -to O -infinite O -alpha O -- O -methylisocitrate O -concentration O -was O -about O -60 O -% O -of O -the O -uninhibited O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Nuclear O -Overhauser O -effects O -on O -the O -dipolar O -form O -are O -not O -consistent O -with O -the O -predominant O -formation O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -turn O -structure O -with O -the O -intramolecular O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bond O -( O -Gly O -- O -2 O -) O -C O -= O -O O -. O - -aps B-category -Twelve O -patients O -were O -treated O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -practolol O -and O -atenolol B-Chemical -and O -7 O -of O -the O -same O -patients O -also O -received O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -intravenous O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -acebutolol O -and O -placebo O -on O -exercise O -- O -induced O -changes O -in O -heart O -rate O -and O -peak O -flow O -rate O -( O -PFR O -) O -have O -been O -studied O -in O -a O -group O -of O -healthy O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -receptors O -: O -stereoselectivity O -for O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -enantiomers O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -receptor O -is O -highly O -stereoselective O -for O -the O -rigid O -butaclamol O -derivatives O -, O -but O -much O -less O -so O -for O -the O -flexible O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -nM O -) O -for O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -neuroleptic I-Chemical -binding O -and O -for O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -apomorphine I-Chemical -binding O -are O -different O -. O - -aps B-category -Hallucinogens O -were O -competitive O -antagonists O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -at O -the O -H1 O -- O -receptor O -of O -cultured O -mouse O -neuroblastoma O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -unilateral O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -nigrostriatal O -lesions O -in O -rats O -, O -the O -binding O -of O -both O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -apomorphine I-Chemical -and O -3H O -- O -spiroperidol O -in O -the O -striatum O -is O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -infusions O -on O -the O -rat O -uterine O -vasculature O -have O -been O -studied O -using O -the O -radioactive O -microsphere O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -uterine O -vasodilatation O -could O -only O -be O -reduced O -significantly O -by O -administration O -of O -a O -combination O -of O -the O -H1 O -- O -and O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -mepyramine O -and O -metiamide O -but O -not O -by O -either O -antagonist O -given O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -the O -clonidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -reduction O -in O -peripheral O -parasympathetic O -submaxillary O -salivation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -dose O -and O -frequency O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -Methoxamine B-Chemical -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -naphazoline B-Chemical -, O -which O -are O -less O -potent O -presynaptic O -alpha O -- O -receptor O -agonists O -, O -caused O -increases O -in O -salivation O -. O - -aps B-category -Clonidine B-Chemical -increased O -salivation O -evoked O -by O -intra O -- O -arterial O -injections O -of O -carbachol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -effect O -of O -kanamycin B-Chemical -on O -evoked O -transmitter O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -a O -presynaptic O -action O -, O -Kn O -( O -0 O -. O -02 O -to O -1 O -mM O -) O -significantly O -reduced O -the O -amount O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -liberated O -by O -nerve O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -acetylstrophanthidine O -( O -AS O -) O -, O -a O -rapid O -- O -acting O -digitalis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -agent O -, O -on O -the O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -( O -VF O -) O -threshold O -was O -examined O -in O -normal O -and O -denervated O -chloralose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anesthetized I-Chemical -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -descending O -spinal O -pathways O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -adrenal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Haemoglobin O -Bohr O -effect O -and O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -blood O -of O -2 O -water O -- O -snakes O -with O -different O -degrees O -of O -aquatic O -adaptation O -. O - -aps B-category -Presumptive O -identification O -of O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotics O -by O -the O -pH O -susceptibility O -disc O -agar O -- O -diffusion O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Relationship O -between O -the O -pentose B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -shunt O -and O -methemoglobin O -reductase O -activity O -in O -human O -erythrocytes O -: O -Effect O -of O -aging O -on O -methemoglobin O -reductase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tranquilizers O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -, O -chlordiazepoxid O -and O -elroquil O -produce O -diverse O -effects O -on O -conflict O -interaction O -of O -the O -systems O -of O -brain O -reinforcement O -subjected O -to O -simultaneous O -electric O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -high O -and O -low O -environmental O -temperature O -on O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -tranquilizer O -activity O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Droperidol O -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -azabutyron O -inhibit O -the O -reactions O -of O -rabbit O -aortal O -stria O -caused O -by O -stimulation O -of O -D O -- O -type O -serotonine O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Toxicity O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -salts O -in O -combined O -use O -with O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Non O -- O -lethal O -doses O -of O -the O -lithium B-Chemical -salts O -produced O -no O -effect O -on O -LD16 O -, O -LD50 O -and O -LD84 O -of O -triphtazine O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -but O -non O -- O -lethal O -doses O -of O -these O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -potentiated O -the O -action O -of O -lethal O -doses O -of O -the O -lithium B-Chemical -salts O -. O - -aps B-category -Aminazin O -and O -lithium B-Chemical -salts O -increased O -also O -each O -other O -' O -s O -toxicity O -in O -instances O -where O -one O -of O -the O -drugs O -was O -administered O -in O -a O -non O -- O -lethal O -dose O -, O -whereas O -the O -other O -in O -a O -lethal O -one O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -animals O -with O -intact O -brain O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -hydroxybutyrate O -inhibiting O -baroreceptor O -reflexes O -enhanced O -vasomotor O -reactions O -caused O -by O -activation O -of O -cutaneous O -and O -visceral O -nerves O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -paper O -we O -report O -our O -results O -concerning O -the O -antagonism O -between O -dopaminergic O -( O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -, O -apomorphine B-Chemical -, O -piribedil O -) O -and O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -( O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -reserpine B-Chemical -, O -clotiapine O -) O -drugs O -on O -the O -eeg O -and O -behaviour O -of O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -work O -the O -eeg O -and O -behavioural O -effects O -obtained O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -dopaminergic O -drugs O -( O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -, O -apomorphine B-Chemical -, O -piribedil O -) O -in O -rabbits O -chronically O -pretreated O -with O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -clotiapine O -, O -are O -shown O -. O - -aps B-category -Putative O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -receptor O -: O -a O -protein O -solubilised O -from O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -activated O -neutral O -protease O -from O -human O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuronal O -antigens O -can O -be O -demonstrated O -histologically O -by O -numerous O -direct O -and O -indirect O -immunocytochemical O -techniques O -in O -which O -a O -specific O -antibody O -is O -identified O -by O -a O -marker O -compound O -such O -as O -fluorescein B-Chemical -isothiocyanate O -, O -ferritin O -, O -or O -horseradish O -peroxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -immunocytochemical O -localization O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -is O -compared O -to O -the O -localization O -of O -two O -peptides O -, O -substance O -P O -and O -[ O -Met5 O -] O -- O -enkephalin O -, O -in O -the O -A2 O -region O -of O -the O -medulla O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -diurnal O -cyclicity O -in O -seizure O -responsiveness O -has O -been O -described O -with O -greatest O -seizure O -severity O -at O -8 O -AM O -in O -parallel O -with O -a O -rise O -in O -urinary O -output O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -bovine O -erythrocytes O -: O -kinetic O -properties O -and O -the O -electrophoretic O -comparison O -of O -its O -subunit O -structure O -with O -G6PDH O -from O -other O -sources O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -compared O -prazepam O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -chlorazepate O -dipotassium O -, O -and O -placebo O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -anxious O -out O -- O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Drowsiness O -was O -reported O -by O -two O -people O -in O -the O -placebo O -group O -, O -one O -taking O -chlorazepate O -dipotassium O -, O -three O -on O -prazepam O -and O -one O -on O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Hopkins O -Symptom O -Check O -- O -list O -found O -prazepam O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -to O -be O -superior O -to O -placebo O -and O -chlorazepate O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -parental O -aspirin B-Chemical -on O -the O -gastric O -mucosal O -barrier O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Back O -- O -diffusion O -studies O -, O -including O -the O -ion O -fluxes O -and O -lumenal O -potential O -difference O -, O -were O -performed O -in O -control O -situations O -and O -either O -0 O -. O -5 O -or O -4 O -h O -after O -the O -intraperitoneal O -administration O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -acetylsalicylate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Diminished O -activities O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -enzymes O -in O -insulin O -- O -resistant O -adipocytes O -from O -spontaneously O -obese O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -Vmax O -values O -were O -over O -80 O -% O -less O -in O -homogenates O -from O -large O -relative O -to O -small O -cells O -on O -a O -per O -cell O -basis O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -impairment O -, O -which O -is O -a O -primary O -defect O -in O -the O -insulin O -resistance O -of O -the O -large O -cells O -, O -is O -at O -least O -partly O -due O -to O -diminished O -cellular O -contents O -of O -acetyl O -coenzyme O -A O -carboxylase O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -metabolic O -acidosis O -on O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aldosterone I-Chemical -system O -remains O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -cortisol B-Chemical -( O -as O -a O -marker O -for O -ACTH B-Chemical -secretion O -) O -and O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -increased O -in O -both O -HCl O -- O -and O -NH4Cl O -- O -treated O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -demonstrate O -that O -metabolic O -acidosis O -induced O -by O -HCl O -or O -NH4Cl O -is O -associated O -with O -increased O -aldosterone B-Chemical -production O -without O -concomitant O -changes O -in O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Exogenous O -ammonium B-Chemical -ions O -( O -NH O -( O -4 O -) O -( O -+ O -) O -) O -and O -amine B-Chemical -compounds O -had O -a O -profound O -influence O -on O -the O -antibacterial O -activity O -of O -the O -myeloperoxidase B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydrogen I-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -system O -against O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Myeloperoxidase O -catalyzed O -the O -oxidation O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -to O -hypochlorous O -acid O -, O -which O -reacted O -either O -with O -bacterial O -amine B-Chemical -or O -amide O -components O -or O -both O -or O -with O -the O -exogenous O -compounds O -to O -yield O -chloramine O -or O -chloramide O -derivatives O -or O -both O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -an O -important O -role O -for O -leukocyte O -amine B-Chemical -components O -in O -myeloperoxidase O -- O -catalyzed O -antimicrobial O -activity O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -here O -the O -effects O -of O -cell O -- O -bound O -lactoperoxidase O -on O -acid O -production O -by O -suspensions O -of O -Streptococcus O -mutans O -( O -NCTC O -10449 O -) O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -and O -thiocyanate O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -3 O -- O -h O -incubation O -in O -saline O -, O -the O -lactoperoxidase O -- O -treated O -bacteria O -produced O -acid O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -and O -thiocyanate O -at O -the O -same O -rate O -as O -untreated O -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -Attachment O -of O -sheep O -erythrocytes O -( O -SE O -) O -increased O -with O -higher O -ionic O -strength O -, O -was O -unaffected O -by O -minor O -pH O -variations O -( O -6 O -to O -9 O -) O -, O -and O -was O -blocked O -by O -anti O -- O -M O -. O -pneumoniae O -antiserum O -, O -but O -was O -not O -inhibited O -by O -a O -variety O -of O -sugars O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -and O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -Streptococcus O -mutans O -BHT O -was O -grown O -in O -a O -chemostat O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -limitation O -and O -at O -defined O -dilution O -rates O -and O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -EEG O -changes O -during O -clozapin O -administration O -compared O -to O -other O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -no O -clear O -relationship O -is O -established O -between O -a O -particular O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -, O -its O -dosage O -and O -duration O -of O -administration O -and O -the O -diagnosis O -and O -occurrence O -of O -TD O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -2 O -) O -The O -risk O -for O -a O -psychotic O -relapse O -after O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -withdrawal O -seems O -to O -be O -less O -pronounced O -in O -older O -patients O -with O -a O -long O -duration O -of O -illness O -and O -hospitalization O -who O -are O -treated O -with O -a O -rather O -low O -maintenance O -dosage O -of O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Virginiamycin O -was O -extracted O -from O -the O -feed O -by O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pH I-Chemical -2 O -. O -5 O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -( O -1 O -+ O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -guanosine B-Chemical -+ O -cytosine B-Chemical -content O -( O -moles O -percent O -) O -was O -37 O -. O -6 O -( O -determined O -by O -buoyant O -density O -) O -and O -34 O -. O -1 O -( O -determined O -by O -melting O -temperature O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -spores O -occurred O -easily O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -agar I-Chemical -medium O -or O -when O -cultures O -growing O -at O -temperatures O -above O -65 O -degrees O -C O -were O -allowed O -to O -cool O -to O -temperature O -below O -55 O -degrees O -C O -. O -C O -. O -thermohydrosulfuricum O -occurs O -widely O -distributed O -in O -the O -natural O -environment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -absorption O -by O -mycelium O -differs O -from O -that O -of O -other O -beta O -- O -linked O -saccharides O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -the O -uptake O -of O -sophorose O -being O -much O -slower O -. O - -aps B-category -Considerable O -evidence O -exists O -linking O -dopamine B-Chemical -with O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylthiazolones O -( O -PTAs O -) O -of O -arginine O -and O -its O -homologs O -and O -analogs O -, O -homoarginine O -, O -norarginine O -( O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -gamma I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -guanidinobutyric I-Chemical -acid O -) O -, O -canavanine O -, O -and O -gamma O -- O -hydroxyarginine O -, O -were O -prepared O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -formation O -of O -this O -intermediate O -is O -more O -rapid O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -than O -with O -NADH O -, O -the O -rates O -of O -the O -subsequent O -decay O -to O -the O -fully O -reduced O -state O -are O -almost O -identical O -( O -Kobs O -values O -were O -20 O -. O -5 O -and O -16 O -. O -0s O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -spectral O -and O -kinetic O -properties O -in O -the O -steady O -state O -of O -the O -reoxidation O -reaction O -of O -the O -enzyme O -reduced O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -NADH O -were O -somewhat O -different O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -result O -is O -consistent O -with O -the O -fact O -that O -the O -NADH O -- O -dependent O -oxidase O -activity O -was O -6 O -. O -4 O -times O -greater O -than O -that O -dependent O -on O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -the O -formation O -of O -semiquinone O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -absorption O -spectrum O -with O -either O -NADPH B-Chemical -or O -NADH O -under O -the O -same O -conditions O -as O -in O -the O -EPR O -measurement O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -NADP O -+ O -complex O -with O -the O -enzyme O -semiquinone O -protects O -the O -radical O -from O -oxidation O -by O -oxygen B-Chemical -to O -a O -greater O -extent O -than O -NAD O -+ O -, O -and O -consequently O -the O -semiquinone O -is O -easier O -to O -detect O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -than O -with O -NADH O -. O - -aps B-category -Extrusion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -ion O -from O -cells O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -was O -measured O -using O -an O -Na O -+ O -electrode O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -under O -anaerobic O -conditions O -also O -caused O -Na O -+ O -efflux O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -measurements O -at O -pH O -5 O -gave O -the O -same O -transition O -temperature O -of O -56 O -degrees O -C O -and O -the O -same O -thermodynamic O -quantities O -, O -delta O -Htr O -( O -= O -120 O -kcal O -/ O -mol O -) O -and O -delta O -Str O -( O -= O -360 O -eu O -/ O -mol O -) O -, O -for O -the O -transition O -from O -the O -native O -state O -to O -the O -thermally O -denatured O -state O -, O -indicating O -simultaneous O -melting O -of O -the O -whole O -molecule O -including O -the O -hydrophobic O -region O -where O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residue O -is O -buried O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thermostability O -of O -isozyme O -I O -resembled O -those O -of O -mesophiles O -, O -but O -isozyme O -II O -was O -extremely O -labile O -above O -20 O -degrees O -C O -. O -NaCl B-Chemical -affected O -the O -ICDH O -isozymes O -in O -different O -ways O -; O -the O -salt B-Chemical -protected O -isozyme O -I O -from O -heat O -inactivation O -, O -but O -not O -isozyme O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -Cross O -- O -linking O -with O -diimidates O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -from O -Bacillus O -stearothermophilus O -. O - -aps B-category -Lysosomal O -triacylglycerol B-Chemical -lipase O -and O -lipolysis O -in O -isolated O -rat O -hepatocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -chromosomes O -produced O -by O -other O -methods O -, O -these O -chromosomes O -were O -stable O -in O -storage O -and O -did O -not O -aggregate O -, O -thus O -providing O -useful O -material O -for O -studies O -of O -the O -structure O -and O -biochemistry O -of O -individual O -chromosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -ECF O -volume O -: O -a O -compensating O -factor O -in O -aldosterone B-Chemical -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -medium O -contains O -basal O -salts O -, O -vitamins O -, O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutaric O -acid O -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -05 O -% O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -05 O -% O -glutathione B-Chemical -, O -and O -a O -mixture O -of O -20 O -additional O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -each O -of O -0 O -. O -01 O -% O -final O -concentration O -, O -except O -serine O -, O -which O -was O -at O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -during O -the O -development O -of O -this O -medium O -showed O -that O -CO2 O -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -and O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -strongly O -stimulated O -growth O -; O -that O -cysteine B-Chemical -and O -methionine B-Chemical -were O -required O -for O -growth O -; O -and O -that O -serine O -, O -threonine O -, O -histidine O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -and O -tryptophane O -were O -energy O -sources O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -organisms O -did O -not O -use O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -polysaccharides O -, O -as O -judged O -by O -cell O -yields O -when O -these O -carbohydrates O -were O -present O -or O -absent O -. O - -aps B-category -Beta O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -, O -thioglycolate O -, O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -and O -Tween O -80 O -( O -0 O -. O -05 O -% O -) O -inhibited O -growth O -strongly O -or O -completely O -. O - -aps B-category -Relaxation O -of O -bovine O -coronary O -artery O -and O -activation O -of O -coronary O -arterial O -guanylate O -cyclase O -by O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -, O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -and O -a O -carcinogenic O -nitrosoamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitroprusside B-Chemical -, O -N O -- O -methyl O -- O -N O -' O -- O -nitro O -- O -N O -- O -nitrosoguanidine O -( O -MNNG O -) O -and O -NO O -elicit O -concentration O -- O -dependent O -relaxation O -of O -precontraced O -helical O -strips O -of O -bovine O -coronary O -artery O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -these O -heme O -proteins O -, O -methylene O -blue O -and O -another O -oxidant O -, O -ferricyanide O -, O -markedly O -inhibit O -the O -activation O -of O -coronary O -arterial O -guanylate O -cyclase O -by O -NO O -, O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -and O -MNNG O -. O - -aps B-category -Ultrastructural O -localization O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -in O -microperoxisomes O -of O -the O -rat O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -several O -nervous O -system O -cell O -types O -that O -contain O -relatively O -numerous O -catalase O -- O -positive O -bodies O -, O -contain O -none O -with O -detectable O -D O -- O -AAO O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -adult O -rat O -kidney O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -) O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -3 O -) O -were O -measured O -in O -glomeruli O -, O -4 O -parts O -of O -the O -proximal O -tubule O -, O -2 O -parts O -of O -the O -distal O -tubule O -and O -in O -patches O -from O -the O -thin O -limb O -area O -and O -the O -papilla O -. O - -aps B-category -Alanine O -aminotransferase O -( O -lower O -by O -a O -factor O -of O -100 O -in O -absolute O -terms O -) O -was O -distributed O -as O -the O -mirror O -image O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -within O -proximal O -and O -distal O -tubules O -. O - -aps B-category -Distribution O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -the O -rat O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -content O -correlated O -well O -with O -sites O -of O -suspected O -glutamergic O -activity O -in O -keeping O -with O -the O -view O -of O -a O -critical O -role O -of O -astrocytes O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -the O -putative O -neurotransmitter O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -cardiac O -glycoside O -- O -sensitive O -K O -+ O -- O -dependent O -phosphatase O -was O -predominantly O -localized O -in O -this O -region O -of O -the O -cheif O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphorylation O -of O -2 O -- O -deoxyglucose O -in O -red O -cells O -was O -inhibited O -by O -both O -products O -of O -the O -2 O -- O -deoxyglucose O -- O -phosphorylating O -reaction O -, O -namely O -, O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxyglucose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -ADP O -. O - -aps B-category -Antidepressants O -and O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -greatly O -improve O -the O -prognosis O -of O -these O -disorders O -; O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitors O -and O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -are O -indicated O -for O -special O -subtypes O -of O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -do O -this O -, O -we O -have O -compared O -the O -selectivity O -of O -batrachotoxin O -- O -activated O -channels O -for O -alkali B-Chemical -cations O -, O -organic O -cations O -, O -and O -nonelectrolytes O -in O -two O -neuroblastoma O -clonal O -cell O -lines O -: O -N18 O -, O -which O -has O -normal O -tetrodotoxin O -( O -TTX O -) O -sensitivity O -, O -and O -C9 O -, O -which O -is O -relatively O -TTX O -- O -resistant O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -gustatory O -receptors O -of O -the O -eel O -palate O -were O -found O -to O -be O -extremely O -sensitive O -to O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -carboxylic O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -was O -always O -much O -less O -than O -that O -of O -their O -corresponding O -L O -- O -isomers O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -b O -) O -The O -threshold O -concentrations O -of O -the O -most O -potent O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -arginine O -, O -glycine B-Chemical -) O -were O -between O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -and O -10 O -( O -- O -9 O -) O -M O -. O -A O -linear O -relation O -between O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -response O -and O -log O -stimulus O -concentration O -held O -for O -a O -wide O -concentration O -range O -for O -all O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -d O -) O -The O -extent O -of O -cross O -- O -adaptation O -was O -examined O -with O -various O -combinations O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -No O -cross O -- O -adaptation O -was O -observed O -between O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamine O -synthetase O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -activities O -during O -growth O -and O -sporulation O -in O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -derepressed O -when O -either O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -or O -nitrate B-Chemical -was O -used O -as O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -synthase O -activity O -, O -however O -, O -underwent O -a O -small O -and O -apparently O -transient O -increase O -in O -bacteria O -induced O -to O -sporulate O -by O -nitrogen B-Chemical -limitation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -reovirus O -, O -the O -infectivity O -of O -SA11 O -was O -more O -rapidly O -inactivated O -by O -heating O -at O -50 O -degrees O -C O -. O -SA11 O -infectivity O -was O -inactivated O -above O -pH O -10 O -. O -0 O -and O -by O -heating O -at O -50 O -degrees O -C O -in O -2 O -M O -- O -MgCl2 O -, O -but O -was O -stabilized O -by O -heating O -in O -2 O -m O -- O -MgSO4 O -; O -reovirus O -1 O -infectivity O -was O -enhanced O -by O -heating O -in O -MgCl2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interactions O -between O -hydrated O -trichloroacetaldehyde O -and O -cobalt B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -bovine O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -B O -have O -been O -investigated O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -by O -means O -of O -electronic O -spectroscopy O -of O -FT O -nmr O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurochemical O -parameters O -in O -the O -hyperresponsive O -phase O -after O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -to O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Neutral O -lipid O -accumulation O -in O -yeast O -due O -to O -inositol B-Chemical -deficiency O -: O -kinetic O -studies O -on O -the O -reciprocal O -regulation O -by O -fructose O -bisphosphate O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -of O -yeast O -acetyl O -CoA O -carboxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -reflected O -the O -fluctuation O -due O -to O -the O -deficiency O -in O -the O -levels O -of O -fructose O -bisphosphate O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -( O -Hayashi O -et O -al O -. O - -aps B-category -Citrate B-Chemical -greatly O -decreased O -the O -apparent O -Vmax O -value O -increased O -by O -fructose O -bisphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifteen O -children O -followed O -as O -outpatients O -with O -chronic O -inflammatory O -disease O -of O -the O -colon O -were O -given O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -in O -doses O -from O -1 O -to O -4 O -gm O -/ O -day O -( O -22 O -to O -68 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -or O -0 O -. O -69 O -to O -2 O -. O -33 O -gm O -/ O -m2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Best O -results O -were O -obtained O -with O -gradients O -consisting O -of O -Medium O -199 O -, O -Renografin B-Chemical -and O -mouse O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Where O -one O -barbiturate B-Chemical -had O -been O -ingested O -an O -inverse O -relationship O -between O -lipid O -solubility O -of O -the O -drug O -and O -the O -distribution O -in O -fluids O -and O -tissues O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -caused O -inhibition O -of O -leucocyte O -migration O -, O -principally O -of O -mononuclear O -cells O -into O -the O -pleural O -cavity O -of O -rats O -undergoing O -carrageenan B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -pleurisy O -. O - -aps B-category -Isamide O -, O -the O -N O -- O -chloroacetyl O -derivative O -of O -5 O -- O -methoxytryptamine O -, O -produced O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -competitive O -blockade O -of O -uterine O -contractions O -in O -vitro O -induced O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -blockade O -was O -short O -- O -lasting O -and O -reversible O -; O -after O -recovery O -, O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -increase O -in O -the O -uterine O -sensitivity O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -simultaneous O -application O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -plus O -isamide O -partially O -prevented O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -auto O -blockade O -phenomenon O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -membrane O -- O -binding O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -the I-Chemical -role O -of O -degradative O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -rapid O -, O -inexpensive O -method O -for O -the O -separation O -of O -5 O -- O -1 O -- O -isoleucyl O -[ O -14C O -] O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -( O -A O -- O -II O -) O -from O -its O -various O -metabolites O -has O -been O -devised O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -, O -properties O -and O -biological O -activity O -of O -tritiated O -N O -- O -benzylamidino O -- O -3 O -, O -5 O -- O -diamino O -- O -6 O -- O -chloro O -- O -pyrazine O -carboxamide O -- O -- O -a O -new O -ligand O -for O -epithelial O -sodium B-Chemical -channels O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -stored O -in O -ethanol B-Chemical -at O -- O -4 O -degrees O -C O -the O -radioligand O -remains O -stable O -for O -at O -least O -15 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -affinity O -of O -benzamil O -for O -sodium B-Chemical -channels O -in O -amphibian O -epithelia O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -is O -approximately O -10 O -( O -9 O -) O -M O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drugs O -investigated O -included O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -sotalol B-Chemical -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -labetolol O -, O -timolol B-Chemical -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -acebutolol O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -timed O -release O -dosage O -form O -has O -been O -prepared O -by O -means O -of O -a O -fluidized O -bed O -coating O -technique O -using O -ethyl O -cellulose O -as O -the O -polymeric O -film O -and O -caffeine B-Chemical -and O -salicylic O -acid O -as O -model O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Betamethasone O -- O -17 O -- O -valerate O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -decompose O -to O -betamethasone O -- O -21 O -- O -valerate O -and O -betamethasone O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aluminium B-Chemical -content O -of O -a O -number O -of O -proprietary O -antacid O -formulations O -has O -been O -determined O -by O -titration O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -using O -the O -fluoride B-Chemical -activity O -electrode O -as O -an O -end O -- O -point O -detector O -. O - -aps B-category -Can O -the O -alterations O -in O -serum O -glucocorticoid O -concentrations O -explain O -the O -effects O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -benfluorex O -on O -the O -synthesis O -of O -hepatic O -triacylglycerols O -? O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -head O -twitches O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -125I O -- O -labelled O -Rose O -Bengal O -in O -the O -quantitative O -estimation O -of O -fazadinium O -and O -other O -quaternary B-Chemical -ammonium I-Chemical -compounds O -in O -biological O -fluids O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -colorimetric O -method O -for O -the O -estimation O -of O -D O -( O -- O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -in O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -Potentially O -biodegradable O -microcapsules O -with O -poly O -( O -alkyl O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cyanoacrylate I-Chemical -) O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Potentiation O -of O -muscimol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hyperactivity O -by O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ionization O -kinetics O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -acids O -are O -slow O -relative O -to O -those O -of O -classical O -acids O -and O -bases O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenindione O -acid O -deprotonation O -kinetics O -by O -various O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -bases O -suggested O -that O -, O -with O -bases O -of O -pKa O -4 O -. O -7 O -- O -- O -8 O -. O -5 O -and O -in O -the O -pH O -5 O -- O -- O -8 O -. O -5 O -range O -, O -the O -acidic O -phenindione O -proton O -as O -approximately O -45 O -% O -transferred O -in O -the O -rate O -- O -determining O -transition O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ionization O -kinetics O -of O -1 O -. O -3 O -- O -diketone O -carbon B-Chemical -acids O -are O -slow O -relative O -to O -those O -of O -classical O -acids O -and O -bases O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -potentiometric O -method O -for O -determining O -dissociation O -constants O -of O -very O -slightly O -water O -- O -soluble O -drugs O -applied O -to O -the O -sulfonamide O -diuretic B-Chemical -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -From O -four O -determinations O -, O -a O -value O -of O -9 O -. O -24 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -02 O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SEM O -) O -resulted O -for O -the O -apparent O -dissociation O -constant O -of O -the O -first O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -acid O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -and O -mechanism O -of O -hydrolysis O -of O -the O -cytotoxic O -drug O -chlorambucil B-Chemical -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -the O -isomers O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -, O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -and O -deoxypipradrol O -on O -the O -uptake O -of O -l O -- O -[ O -3H O -] O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -dopamine B-Chemical -by O -synaptic O -vesicles O -from O -rat O -whole O -brain O -, O -striatum O -and O -hypothalamus O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -S O -- O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -deoxypipradrol O -and O -its O -R O -- O -( O -- O -) O -- O -enantiomer O -were O -approximately O -equipotent O -inhibitors O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amine I-Chemical -uptake O -into O -these O -synaptic O -vesicular O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -the O -receptor O -sites O -on O -the O -amine B-Chemical -pumps O -present O -in O -the O -membranes O -of O -all O -three O -vesicular O -preparations O -are O -similar O -in O -so O -far O -as O -they O -are O -all O -sensitive O -to O -the O -stereochemical O -configuration O -around O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -but O -are O -not O -sensitive O -to O -the O -stereochemical O -configuration O -around O -the O -analogous O -carbon B-Chemical -of O -deoxypipradrol O -and O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -slices O -of O -rat O -cerebral O -cortex O -with O -the O -beta O -adrenergic O -receptor O -agonist O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -isoproterenol I-Chemical -led O -to O -a O -30 O -to O -50 O -% O -decrease O -in O -the O -number O -of O -binding O -sites O -for O -[ O -125I O -] O -iodohydroxybenzylpindolol O -and O -to O -a O -60 O -to O -80 O -% O -decrease O -in O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -cyclic O -AMP O -accumulation O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -decrease O -in O -beta O -adrenergic O -receptor O -density O -was O -also O -observed O -following O -chronic O -treatment O -with O -desmethylimipramine B-Chemical -which O -blocks O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -reuptake O -and O -thus O -potentiates O -the O -effects O -of O -neurally O -released O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -at O -adrenergic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Pancreatic O -acinar O -cells O -: O -the O -effect O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -on O -intercellular O -communication O -. O - -aps B-category -Skin O -pH O -fell O -to O -a O -value O -0 O -. O -02 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -02 O -units O -below O -normal O -10 O -min O -after O -the O -hypoxic O -period O -, O -suggesting O -the O -presence O -of O -excess O -lactate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -non O -- O -stimulated O -state O -, O -the O -net O -flux O -of O -Na O -+ O -was O -6 O -. O -61 O -micronequiv O -/ O -cm2 O -. O -hr O -from O -mucosal O -( O -luminal B-Chemical -, O -secretory O -) O -to O -serosal O -( O -nutrient O -, O -blood O -) O -side O -, O -whereas O -the O -net O -flux O -of O -Cl O -- O -was O -only O -0 O -. O -79 O -micronequiv O -/ O -cm2 O -. O -hr O -, O -and O -the O -direction O -was O -from O -serosal O -to O -mucosal O -side O -. O - -aps B-category -Substitution O -of O -SO2 O -- O -( O -4 O -) O -for O -Cl O -- O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -active O -transport O -of O -Na O -+ O -, O -but O -choline B-Chemical -substitution O -for O -Na O -+ O -diminished O -active O -transport O -of O -Cl O -- O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -, O -cells O -from O -cultures O -grown O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -supplemented I-Chemical -medium O -secreted O -less O -of O -the O -enzyme O -than O -ciliates O -of O -comparable O -age O -grown O -in O -unsupplemented O -proteose O -- O -peptone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -swelling O -increased O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -reciprocal O -of O -the O -hydration O -radius O -, O -a O -decrease O -in O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -and O -at O -pH O -below O -or O -above O -similar O -to O -4 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -natural O -food O -dyes O -on O -leucine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -, O -acid O -phosphatase O -and O -esterase O -in O -vitro O -was O -proportional O -to O -the O -toxic O -effect O -of O -the O -dyes O -on O -the O -survival O -time O -of O -Paramecium O -caudatum O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -the O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -used O -produced O -mammary O -growth O -in O -the O -intensity O -sequence O -of O -thioridazine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -promethazine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -propericiazine O -greater O -than O -perphenazine O -greater O -than O -levomethiomeprazine O -. O - -aps B-category -Approaching O -long O -- O -term O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -of O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hazards O -of O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -require O -a O -rigorous O -design O -for O -any O -long O -- O -term O -use O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hormone O -secretion O -in O -alcohol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -pseudo O -- O -Cushing O -' O -s O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -insufficient O -suppression O -of O -plasma O -cortisol B-Chemical -to O -the O -overnight O -administration O -of O -1 O -mg O -of O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -was O -accompanied O -by O -an O -absent O -diurnal O -rhythm O -of O -plasma O -cortisol B-Chemical -and O -an O -increased O -cortisol B-Chemical -secretion O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -normal O -increase O -of O -plasma O -cortisol B-Chemical -, O -adrenocorticotropic O -hormone O -, O -and O -growth O -hormone O -in O -response O -to O -an O -insulin O -induced O -hypoglycemia O -was O -not O -compatible O -with O -the O -diagnosis O -Cushing O -' O -s O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Feedback O -regulation O -of O -nephron O -filtration O -rate O -during O -pharmacologic O -interference O -with O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -and O -adrenergic O -systems O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -infusion O -of O -the O -angiotensin B-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -antagonists O -[ O -Sar1 O -, O -Ile8 O -- O -] O -- O -AII O -or O -[ O -Me2 O -, O -Gly1 O -, O -Ile8 O -] O -- O -AII O -at O -doses O -ranging O -from O -4 O -. O -8 O -to O -30 O -. O -6 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -reduction O -in O -the O -feedback O -response O -was O -noted O -also O -during O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -46 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -2 O -% O -vs O -. O -29 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -8 O -% O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -, O -whereas O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OH I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopamine I-Chemical -, O -reserpine B-Chemical -, O -or O -phenoxybenzamine O -had O -no O -detectable O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -circulating O -catecholamines B-Chemical -may O -, O -in O -some O -unknown O -manner O -, O -act O -as O -modulators O -of O -the O -feedback O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -examined O -the O -effects O -of O -altering O -serosal O -or O -mucosal O -bath O -pH O -on O -transport O -of O -water O -, O -urea B-Chemical -, O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Raising O -the O -serosal O -pH O -to O -9 O -. O -5 O -had O -the O -opposite O -effect O -: O -urea B-Chemical -permeability O -was O -inhibited O -by O -40 O -% O -without O -altering O -water O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -especially O -marked O -for O -urea B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -that O -an O -alteration O -in O -the O -urea B-Chemical -response O -to O -cyclic O -AMP O -may O -be O -particularly O -important O -in O -defining O -vasopressin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -urea B-Chemical -permeability O -as O -the O -serosal O -bath O -pH O -is O -altered O -. O - -aps B-category -Tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -and O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -group O -, O -tertiary O -amine B-Chemical -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -tended O -to O -be O -more O -potent O -than O -secondary O -amine B-Chemical -drugs O -at O -both O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -tricyclic O -drugs O -except O -desipramine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -were O -more O -potent O -as O -antihistamines O -than O -as O -anticholinergics O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Indications O -for O -the O -use O -of O -tiapride B-Chemical -in O -extrapyramidal O -pathology O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Decreased O -antistereotypic O -effect O -of O -neuroliptics O -after O -additional O -treatment O -with O -a O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -, O -a O -GABA B-Chemical -agonist O -or O -an O -anticholinergic O -compound O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -inhibition O -by O -zopiclone B-Chemical -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -binding O -to O -rodent O -brain O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Pergolide B-Chemical -: O -a O -potent O -dopaminergic O -antihypertensive O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -suppressed O -strains O -exhibit O -a O -partial O -revertant O -phenotype O -since O -the O -parental O -aminopterin O -resistance O -remained O -unchanged O -but O -the O -associated O -sensitivity O -to O -an O -excess O -concentration O -of O -the O -branched O -chain O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -L O -- O -isoleucine O -, O -L O -- O -valine O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -was O -diminished O -almost O -to O -the O -level O -of O -the O -wild O -- O -type O -strain O -C13 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -method O -of O -chemical O -synthesis O -of O -alpha O -- O -ketoisocaproic O -acid O -( O -the O -keto O -analogue O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -) O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -higher O -alcohols O -from O -alpha O -- O -keto O -acids O -has O -an O -acidic O -pH O -optimum O -while O -that O -from O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -has O -a O -neutral O -or O -a O -weakly O -alkaline O -pH O -optimum O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Lactate B-Chemical -oxidation O -by O -Hansenula O -anomala O -cells O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -product O -of O -oxidation O -is O -pyruvate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -oxidation O -is O -8 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -scheme O -is O -proposed O -for O -lactate B-Chemical -oxidation O -by O -the O -cells O -with O -damaged O -membranes O -whose O -amount O -after O -lyophilization O -is O -10 O -- O -- O -20 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -phenol B-Chemical -on O -the O -growth O -rate O -and O -respiration O -was O -studied O -with O -the O -yeast O -Candida O -mycoderma O -cultivated O -in O -the O -pH O -- O -static O -conditions O -with O -continuous O -recording O -of O -the O -principal O -kinetic O -parameters O -of O -the O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -Adaptation O -of O -the O -culture O -in O -terms O -of O -the O -growth O -rate O -and O -the O -rate O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -was O -detected O -within O -10 O -- O -- O -15 O -hours O -of O -cultivation O -. O - -aps B-category -International O -symposium O -" O -DDAVP B-Chemical -in O -Bleeding O -Disorders O -" O -, O -Münster O -, O -16 O -- O -17 O -March O -1979 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -and O -lower O -aliphatic O -alcohols O -with O -erythrocyte O -membranes O -: O -a O -scanning O -calorimetric O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Striatal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -: O -comparison O -of O -the O -activation O -produced O -by O -depolarization O -and O -dibutyryl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cAMP I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Multiple O -apparent O -alpha O -- O -noradrenergic O -receptor O -binding O -sites O -in O -rat O -brain O -: O -effect O -of O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -experiments O -at O -least O -920 O -- O -fold O -purification O -was O -obtained O -by O -using O -dTTP O -( O -50 O -microM O -) O -as O -nucleotide B-Chemical -protector O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -azide O -- O -induced O -mutagenesis O -in O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -. O - -aps B-category -Reconstruction O -experiments O -showed O -that O -the O -increase O -of O -mutations O -in O -complete O -medium O -was O -not O -due O -to O -a O -selection O -of O -prototrophic O -types O -under O -growth O -conditions O -and O -, O -therefore O -, O -that O -sodium B-Chemical -azide O -acts O -as O -a O -weak O -mutagen O -in O -S O -. O -cerevisiae O -under O -growth O -conditions O -at O -a O -low O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -development O -of O -both O -strains O -was O -optimal O -between O -25 O -to O -33 O -degrees O -C O -at O -pH O -6 O -and O -with O -10 O -g O -/ O -l O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -the O -( O -- O -) O -strain O -always O -growed O -less O -than O -the O -( O -+ O -) O -strain O -. O - -aps B-category -Depression O -of O -exploratory O -activity O -by O -clonidine B-Chemical -in O -rats O -as O -a O -model O -for O -the O -detection O -of O -relative O -pre O -- O -and O -postsynaptic O -central O -noradrenergic O -receptor O -selectivity O -of O -alpha O -- O -adrenolytic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Sea O -anemone O -toxin O -II O -( O -ATX O -II O -) O -and O -MCD O -- O -peptide O -, O -like O -other O -depolarizing O -agents O -, O -raise O -the O -content O -of O -cGMP B-Chemical -and O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -in O -mouse O -cerebellar O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -both O -toxins O -and O -veratridine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -of O -high O -potassium B-Chemical -stimulation O -were O -prevented O -by O -tetrodotoxin O -( O -TTX O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -so O -- O -called O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -antagonist O -( O -- O -) O -- O -D O -- O -600 O -blocked O -the O -increase O -of O -cGMP B-Chemical -due O -to O -ATX O -II O -, O -MCD O -- O -peptide O -, O -veratridine B-Chemical -and O -high O -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -examined O -the O -effects O -of O -vanadate O -on O -the O -potassium B-Chemical -dependent O -phosphatase O -activity O -present O -in O -purified O -human O -kidney O -microsomal O -( O -Na O -+ O -+ O -K O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -triphosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -inhibition O -was O -also O -reversible O -upon O -inclusion O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -in O -the O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -hemodialysis O -on O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -was O -studied O -in O -15 O -patients O -on O -maintenance O -dialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Arterial O -PO2 O -was O -lower O -after O -than O -before O -dialysis O -, O -but O -arterial O -and O -central O -venous O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturations O -did O -not O -change O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -, O -contrary O -to O -previous O -assumptions O -, O -the O -hemodialysis O -- O -induced O -rise O -in O -pH O -with O -its O -consequent O -increase O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -hemoglobin O -affinity O -did O -not O -impair O -oxygen B-Chemical -delivery O -in O -this O -group O -of O -patients O -on O -maintenance O -dialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Clinical O -pharmacology O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -regional O -differences O -in O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -protein O -synthesis O -and O -free O -radical O -processes O -to O -temperature O -, O -trypsin O -, O -urea B-Chemical -and O -LiCl B-Chemical -were O -studied O -in O -Obelia O -flexuosa O -by O -means O -of O -autoradiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Photodimerization O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -radical O -CPZS O -. O -+ O -under O -the O -irradiation O -of O -UV O -light O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanisms O -of O -decomposition O -of O -Ketazone O -sodium B-Chemical -in O -aqueous O -solutions O -and O -its O -acidic O -form O -in O -solid O -state O -are O -proposed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -fed O -rats O -the O -mechanisms O -of O -the O -action O -of O -spiroperidol O -( O -SPI O -) O -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -( O -CPZ O -) O -, O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -( O -FLU O -) O -and O -thioridazine B-Chemical -( O -TRZ O -) O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -liver O -glycogen O -, O -serum O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -FFA O -) O -and O -K O -ion O -levels O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Antagonist O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -did O -not O -practically O -influence O -metabolic O -responses O -to O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -experiments O -suggest O -that O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -may O -induce O -hyperglycemic O -response O -by O -activation O -of O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -by O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -alpha O -- O -adrenertic O -blocking O -action O -of O -these O -drugs O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -mechanism O -of O -the O -interaction O -of O -narcotic O -analgesics O -with O -brain O -serotonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -mepyramine O -and O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -metiamide O -, O -respectively O -diminished O -and O -potentiated O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -( O -A O -II O -) O -- O -induced O -myotropic O -responses O -in O -the O -rabbit O -aortic O -strips O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -degradation O -by O -aminoguanidine B-Chemical -potentiates O -A O -II O -' O -s O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversal O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -stupor O -by O -procyclidin O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -substances O -which O -had O -remained O -anonymous O -, O -the O -main O -shares O -are O -represented O -by O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -( O -28 O -% O -) O -, O -narcotic O -drugs O -( O -19 O -% O -) O -, O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -( O -15 O -% O -) O -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -( O -15 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -monitoring O -test O -for O -the O -liability O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -to O -induce O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Substitution O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -thioridazine B-Chemical -, O -clozapine B-Chemical -, O -melperone O -, O -or O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -for O -the O -daily O -haloperidol B-Chemical -administration O -temporarily O -reduced O -the O -signs O -of O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -therefore O -suggested O -that O -this O -animal O -model O -could O -be O -used O -to O -monitor O -neurological O -side O -effects O -in O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -eight O -subjects O -with O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -under O -an O -optimal O -daily O -dose O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -, O -acute O -administration O -of O -MIF O -- O -I O -( O -200 O -mg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Differential O -enhancement O -of O -locomotor O -activity O -by O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonists O -following O -chronic O -morphine B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -withdrawal O -they O -were O -challenged O -with O -an O -apomorphine B-Chemical -ester O -or O -lergotrile O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -chronic O -morphine B-Chemical -administration O -leads O -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -supersensitivity O -which O -may O -be O -anatomically O -distinct O -in O -origin O -. O - -aps B-category -Potentiation O -of O -startle O -response O -by O -d O -- O -and O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -: O -the O -possible O -involvement O -of O -pre O -- O -and O -postsynaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreceptors O -and O -other O -transmitter O -systems O -in O -the O -modulation O -of O -a O -tactile O -startle O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Doses O -of O -10 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -20 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -lorazepam B-Chemical -given O -before O -training O -significantly O -impaired O -acquisition O -, O -while O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -flurazepam B-Chemical -, O -given O -immediately O -after O -training O -, O -produced O -retrograde O -amnesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -infusion O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -acts O -similarly O -on O -cervical O -ganglion O -stimulation O -, O -but O -it O -differs O -because O -of O -its O -more O -diffuse O -effects O -and O -deeper O -cardiovascular O -alterations O -. O - -aps B-category -Absorption O -rate O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -, O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -and O -D O -- O -fructose O -is O -highest O -at O -pH O -7 O -and O -decreases O -at O -the O -lower O -or O -higher O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subjects O -were O -investigated O -during O -peroral O -treatment O -with O -1 O -) O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -drug O -( O -propranolol B-Chemical -) O -, O -2 O -) O -an O -anticholinergic O -drug O -( O -glycopyrron O -) O -, O -3 O -) O -both O -drugs O -, O -and O -4 O -) O -without O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Esophageal O -acid O -clearing O -in O -normal O -subjects O -was O -studied O -in O -different O -body O -positions O -, O -with O -an O -assessment O -of O -reproducibility O -, O -after O -dry O -and O -water O -swallows O -, O -after O -smoking B-Chemical -, O -and O -after O -alcohol B-Chemical -intake O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -control O -group O -, O -during O -20 O -- O -min O -cannulation O -of O -the O -main O -pancreatic O -duct O -, O -no O -effect O -was O -seen O -on O -basal O -secretion O -of O -water O -, O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -or O -alpha O -- O -amylase O -- O -- O -nor O -did O -the O -IRS O -levels O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -faecal O -output O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -14 O -patients O -with O -active O -idiopathic O -proctocolitis O -, O -in O -an O -attempt O -to O -establish O -a O -relationship O -between O -faecal O -electrolyte O -output O -and O -acid O -- O -base O -balance O -data O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -comparison O -with O -the O -results O -in O -patients O -with O -ileostomy O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -colitic O -colon O -has O -an O -impaired O -capacity O -to O -absorb O -chloride B-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -but O -retains O -the O -ability O -to O -secrete O -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Antithrombocyte O -autoantibodies O -with O -in O -vitro O -activity O -in O -the O -complement O -fixation O -test O -at O -pH O -values O -below O -7 O -. O -1 O -( O -" O -Pseuod B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspirin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thrombocytopenia I-Chemical -" O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -That O -the O -effect O -was O -a O -specific O -opiate O -agonist O -response O -of O -beta O -- O -endorphin O -was O -demonstrated O -by O -use O -of O -the O -opiate O -antagonist O -, O -naloxone B-Chemical -, O -which O -reversed O -the O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -a O -low O -concentration O -( O -1 O -microgram O -per O -milliliter O -) O -, O -erythrosin O -B O -( O -FD O -& O -amp O -; O -C O -red O -3 O -) O -was O -the O -only O -dye O -that O -inhibited O -dopamine B-Chemical -accumulation O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -prevention O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -syndrome O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Migraines O -and O -tiapride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -human O -studies O -, O -large O -numbers O -of O -mosquitoes O -were O -caught O -by O -animal O -bait O -trapping O -in O -both O -the O -wet O -and O -dry O -seasons O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbamyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -2 O -. O -9 O -) O -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -) O -, O -and O -dihydroorotase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -5 O -. O -2 O -. O -3 O -) O -, O -the O -first O -three O -enzymes O -in O -de O -novo O -pyrimidine O -synthesis O -in O -Chinese O -hamster O -ovary O -cell O -strain O -Kl O -( O -CHO O -- O -Kl O -) O -, O -cose O -diment O -through O -a O -glycerol O -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -Hybrids O -made O -between O -a O -CHO O -- O -Kl O -purine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -requiring I-Chemical -auxotroph O -( O -Ade O -- O -C O -) O -and O -a O -Urd O -- O -A O -revertant O -gave O -a O -glycerol O -gradient O -pattern O -which O -is O -a O -composite O -of O -the O -CHO O -- O -Kl O -and O -revertant O -patterns O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -tranquilizers O -on O -the O -autonomic O -indices O -of O -the O -state O -of O -emotional O -tension O -in O -clinical O -therapeutic O -stomatology O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -analgesic O -activity O -of O -promedol O -, O -omnopone O -, O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -polyvinly O -- O -morpholidone O -in O -routine O -doses O -was O -estimated O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -help O -of O -own O -clinical O -experiences O -and O -studies O -of O -literature O -Arubendol O -, O -Salbutamol B-Chemical -, O -Berotec O -, O -Auxiloson O -and O -Beclomethason O -are O -described O -and O -it O -is O -reported O -on O -their O -bronchospasmolytic O -qualities O -as O -well O -as O -their O -protective O -effect O -against O -repeated O -acetylcholin O -and O -allergen O -irritation O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -care O -of O -patients O -with O -urate B-Chemical -calculi O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -applying O -S O -. O -mendoza O -the O -following O -four O -liquid O -media O -were O -tested O -as O -to O -whether O -they O -can O -be O -used O -as O -enrichment O -broths O -for O -salmonellae O -in O -milk O -powder O -: O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffered O -water O -, O -correspondingly O -buffered O -peptone O -broth O -, O -tetrathionate O -and O -selenite O -lactose O -broth O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -660 O -supine O -, O -intubated O -and O -anaesthetized O -, O -healthy O -patients O -scheduled O -for O -various O -elective O -surgical O -procedures O -, O -the O -distribution O -of O -arterial O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -( O -PaCO2 O -) O -was O -investigated O -during O -manual O -non O -- O -monitored O -ventilation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -an O -anaesthetic O -dose O -of O -chlormethiazole B-Chemical -( O -Hemineurin O -) O -on O -blood O -flow O -( O -CBF O -) O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -( O -CMRO2 O -) O -in O -the O -rat O -brain O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -paralyzed O -animals O -, O -the O -same O -dose O -decreased O -CBF O -and O -CMRO2 O -to O -about O -60 O -% O -of O -control O -, O -an O -effect O -similar O -to O -that O -observed O -after O -an O -anaesthetic O -dose O -of O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -protection O -in O -this O -situation O -( O -as O -earlier O -shown O -with O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -) O -must O -, O -at O -least O -partly O -, O -be O -related O -to O -other O -mechanisms O -than O -a O -depression O -of O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -seemed O -to O -result O -from O -the O -competition O -of O -SCN O -ions O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -for O -the O -same O -binding O -site O -on O -enzyme O -surface O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -penicillins B-Chemical -in O -biological O -material O -by O -reversed O -phase O -liquid O -chromatography O -and O -post O -- O -column O -derivatization O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -weight O -- O -lifters O -had O -extremely O -high O -posttraining O -ammonia B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -pH O -and O -the O -influence O -of O -some O -alkylating B-Chemical -agents I-Chemical -on O -the O -properties O -of O -the O -cholinoreceptive O -membrane O -of O -the O -mollusc O -Lymnaea O -stagnalis O -neurons O -have O -been O -studied O -using O -the O -microelectrode O -voltage O -clamp O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -rabbit O -and O -human O -immune O -sera O -, O -the O -binding O -of O -antigen O -- O -antibody O -complexes O -to O -heat O -- O -killed O -, O -formalin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fixed I-Chemical -staphylocci O -was O -comparable O -to O -the O -double O -antibody O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -remains O -to O -be O -determined O -whether O -the O -antiviral O -protection O -elicited O -by O -the O -analogues O -of O -tilorone O -is O -mediated O -by O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interferon B-Chemical -system O -was O -investigated O -in O -a O -long O -- O -term O -culture O -of O -guinea O -pig O -tongue O -( O -GPT O -) O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Contrasting O -effects O -of O -acute O -beta O -blockade O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -plasma O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -renin O -in O -essential O -hypertension O -: O -a O -possible O -basis O -for O -the O -delayed O -antihypertensive O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -propranolol B-Chemical -given O -over O -five O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -renin O -activity O -decreased O -progressively O -by O -48 O -per O -cent O -60 O -minutes O -after O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -plasma O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -were O -always O -higher O -after O -propranolol B-Chemical -than O -control O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -acute O -beta O -blockade O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -incudes O -increases O -in O -circulating O -plasma O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -which O -might O -be O -consequent O -to O -rapidly O -induced O -hemodynamic O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -studies O -on O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -asystole O -after O -verapamil B-Chemical -in O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -five O -normal O -dogs O -verapamil B-Chemical -, O -10 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -, O -was O -selectively O -perfused O -into O -the O -A O -- O -V O -nodal O -artery O -and O -caused O -first O -degree O -heart O -block O -, O -which O -progressed O -to O -second O -degree O -heart O -block O -in O -three O -of O -the O -five O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -six O -other O -dogs O -after O -beta O -receptor O -blockade O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -20 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -, O -perfused O -into O -the O -A O -- O -V O -nodal O -artery O -, O -verapamil B-Chemical -, O -10 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -, O -regularly O -caused O -second O -degree O -heart O -block O -; O -in O -four O -of O -the O -six O -dogs O -there O -was O -a O -transient O -episode O -of O -third O -degree O -A O -- O -V O -block O -, O -and O -in O -two O -of O -these O -there O -was O -a O -period O -of O -asystole O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentrations O -of O -verapamil B-Chemical -that O -do O -not O -produce O -high O -grade O -heart O -block O -in O -the O -normal O -heart O -thus O -readily O -cause O -both O -high O -grade O -block O -and O -prolonged O -ventricular O -standstill O -after O -elimination O -of O -adrenergic O -influences O -in O -the O -A O -- O -V O -junction O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -pindolol B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -treatment O -of O -patients O -with O -angina O -pectoris O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -and O -lergotrile O -were O -administered O -to O -81 O -patients O -with O -Parkinson O -disease O -( O -PD O -) O -and O -increasing O -disability O -despite O -optimal O -treatment O -with O -levodopa B-Chemical -( O -secondary O -levodopa B-Chemical -failures O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -groups O -had O -significantly O -decreased O -rigidity O -, O -tremor O -, O -bradykinesia O -and O -gait O -disturbance O -upon O -addition O -of O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -or O -lergotrile O -to O -levodopa B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -dose O -of O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -was O -47 O -mg O -, O -and O -the O -mean O -dose O -of O -lergotrile O -was O -49 O -mg O -, O -permitting O -a O -10 O -% O -reduction O -in O -levodopa B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -treatment O -with O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -or O -lergotrile O -were O -comparable O -, O -with O -patients O -either O -responding O -or O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -estrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -young O -animals O -, O -the O -extractable O -activity O -of O -DNA O -dependent O -RNA O -polymerase O -II O -increases O -by O -145 O -% O -after O -progesterone B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -while O -in O -old O -animals O -no O -increase O -is O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -heavy O -smoking B-Chemical -upon O -the O -bone O -mineral O -content O -of O -the O -radius O -of O -the O -aged O -and O -effect O -of O -tobacco O -smoke O -on O -the O -sensitivity O -to O -calcitonin B-Chemical -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -possible O -that O -smoking B-Chemical -promotes O -the O -decrease O -in O -mineral O -content O -of O -bones O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -Aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotics O -and O -sympathetic O -ganglionic O -transmission O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotics O -produce O -dose O -- O -related O -sympathetic O -blockade O -at O -concentrations O -greater O -than O -the O -common O -therapeutically O -effective O -antibiotic O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraocular O -pressure O -was O -measured O -in O -twenty O -- O -four O -patients O -using O -an O -applanation O -tonometer O -, O -after O -using O -thiopentone B-Chemical -and O -fazadinium O -as O -induction O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -modern O -blood O -gas O -analysis O -heparin B-Chemical -is O -used O -for O -preventing O -coagulation O -in O -the O -syringe O -and O -the O -analyzer O -. O - -aps B-category -Consequently O -the O -amount O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -used O -should O -be O -just O -enough O -to O -prevent O -blood O -coagulation O -without O -changing O -appreciably O -the O -acid O -- O -base O -status O -of O -the O -sample O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -neutral O -sugars O -as O -glycamines O -using O -an O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analyzer O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -for O -prophylaxis O -of O -aspiration O -pneumonitis O -: O -comparison O -of O -intramuscular O -and O -oral O -dosage O -schedules O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -a O -clinical O -impression O -that O -less O -fentanyl B-Chemical -is O -needed O -for O -anesthesia O -during O -hyperventilation O -and O -hypocarbia O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -and O -brain O -concentrations O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -were O -determined O -in O -dogs O -anesthetized O -with O -halothane B-Chemical -during O -normocarbia O -, O -hypocarbia O -by O -hyperventilation O -, O -and O -hypercarbia O -by O -addition O -of O -CO2 O -to O -the O -inspired O -mixture O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -fentanyl B-Chemical -values O -peaked O -latest O -( O -15 O -- O -- O -20 O -min O -) O -and O -were O -highest O -during O -hypocarbia O -; O -brain O -fentanyl B-Chemical -values O -peaked O -earliest O -( O -0 O -- O -- O -5 O -min O -) O -and O -were O -lowest O -during O -hypercarbia O -; O -values O -during O -normocarbia O -were O -intermediate O -in O -time O -to O -peak O -( O -10 O -- O -- O -15 O -min O -) O -and O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -brain O -- O -- O -blood O -fentanyl B-Chemical -ratios O -for O -each O -of O -the O -three O -CO2 O -levels O -increased O -for O -30 O -min O -and O -thereafter O -stayed O -relatively O -constant O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -a O -small O -but O -unknown O -extent O -the O -higher O -brain O -fentanyl B-Chemical -levels O -result O -from O -increased O -brain O -- O -- O -blood O -penetration O -due O -to O -increased O -lipid O -solubility O -, O -and O -increased O -brain O -tissue O -binding O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -during O -respiratory O -alkalosis O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -obtain O -a O -quantitative O -measure O -of O -the O -extent O -of O -this O -drug O -interaction O -, O -studies O -were O -performed O -on O -isolated O -guinea O -pig O -nerve O -- O -- O -lumbrical O -muscle O -preparations O -exposed O -to O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -, O -halothane B-Chemical -, O -isoflurane B-Chemical -, O -diethyl O -ether B-Chemical -, O -fluroxene O -, O -and O -enflurane B-Chemical -in O -concentrations O -equal O -to O -MAC O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -MAC O -levels O -of O -anesthetic O -, O -the O -ED50 O -was O -decreased O -by O -the O -following O -fractional O -amounts O -: O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -311 O -; O -halothane B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -334 O -; O -isoflurane B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -335 O -; O -diethyl O -ether B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -462 O -; O -fluroxene O -, O -0 O -. O -580 O -; O -enflurane B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -697 O -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -- O -aspiration O -prophylaxis O -by O -use O -of O -preoperative O -oral O -administration O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rabies O -cell O -culture O -vaccines O -are O -able O -to O -induce O -circulating O -interferon B-Chemical -in O -human O -sera O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -has O -been O -considered O -as O -due O -to O -interferon B-Chemical -because O -of O -the O -resistance O -to O -pH O -2 O -and O -lack O -of O -activity O -on O -other O -animal O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -levels O -of O -NADP O -+ O -and O -NAD O -+ O -in O -the O -mycelium O -of O -the O -highly O -productive O -strain O -117 O -and O -low O -productive O -strain O -B O -of O -P O -. O -nigricans O -were O -studied O -by O -the O -2nd O -, O -5th O -, O -9th O -and O -13th O -days O -of O -development O -on O -the O -mineral O -medium O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -succinate O -or O -acetate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -same O -strain O -had O -different O -levels O -of O -NADP O -+ O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -different O -carbon B-Chemical -sources O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -both O -nucleotides O -were O -accumulated O -by O -the O -end O -of O -the O -culture O -development O -and O -in O -greater O -amounts O -by O -strain O -117 O -. O - -aps B-category -Antimicrobial O -susceptibility O -testing O -of O -pneumococci O -is O -now O -essential O -to O -monitor O -for O -the O -presence O -of O -resistance O -to O -agents O -such O -as O -the O -penicillins B-Chemical -, O -macrolides B-Chemical -, O -lincomycins O -, O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -, O -and O -tetracycline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Reliable O -results O -were O -obtained O -on O -disk O -diffusion O -for O -all O -these O -agents O -except O -for O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -. O -With O -6 O -- O -mug O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -disks O -, O -zones O -of O -strains O -with O -intermediate O -penicillin B-Chemical -susceptibility O -overlapped O -those O -of O -sensitive O -and O -resistant O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -Strains O -with O -zones O -of O -& O -lt O -; O -35 O -mm O -around O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -disks O -and O -& O -lt O -; O -25 O -mm O -around O -methicillin B-Chemical -disks O -should O -have O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -MICs O -determined O -to O -confirm O -their O -resistance O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -. O -In O -view O -of O -the O -potential O -for O -pneumococci O -to O -be O -resistant O -to O -the O -agents O -used O -in O -this O -study O -, O -antimicrobial O -susceptibility O -of O -all O -clinically O -significant O -isolates O -should O -be O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Cadmium O -- O -treated O -microcosms O -had O -populations O -enriched O -for O -cadmium O -and O -gentamicin B-Chemical -resistance O -and O -streptomycin B-Chemical -and O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -sensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -two O -strains O -of O -Eubacterium O -lentum O -and O -phenotypically O -similar O -anaerobic O -gram O -- O -positive O -bacilli O -were O -screened O -for O -intracellular O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -3alpha O -- O -and O -12alpha O -- O -hydroxysteroid O -dehydrogenase O -( O -HSDHase O -) O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -other O -strains O -were O -variable O -for O -nitrate B-Chemical -reduction O -and O -activity O -on O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -, O -but O -all O -the O -organisms O -in O -the O -first O -three O -categories O -( O -with O -one O -exception O -) O -were O -H O -( O -2 O -) O -S O -producers O -( O -triple O -sugar O -iron B-Chemical -agar O -butt O -) O -and O -all O -( O -with O -one O -exception O -) O -were O -designated O -E O -. O -lentum O -, O -whereas O -the O -organisms O -of O -category O -B O -were O -non O -- O -H O -( O -2 O -) O -S O -producers O -( O -triple O -sugar O -iron B-Chemical -agar O -butt O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Conditions O -for O -the O -production O -of O -microbial O -L O -- O -serine O -hydroxymethyltransferase O -and O -for O -the O -conversion O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -to O -L O -- O -serine O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -activity O -in O -this O -organism O -as O -high O -as O -0 O -. O -12 O -U O -/ O -ml O -could O -be O -produced O -in O -shaken O -cultures O -at O -30 O -degrees O -C O -in O -a O -medium O -containing O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -, O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -yeast O -extract O -, O -and O -inorganic O -salts O -. O - -aps B-category -Arizona O -or O -Salmonella O -, O -grown O -in O -Trypticase O -soy O -broth O -supplemented O -with O -2 O -% O -yeast O -extract O -in O -Fernbach O -flasks O -covered O -with O -aluminum B-Chemical -foil O -over O -cotton O -and O -guaze O -at O -35 O -degrees O -C O -with O -shaking O -at O -176 O -rpm O -for O -about O -96 O -h O -, O -were O -found O -to O -have O -the O -greatest O -degree O -of O -heat O -resistance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimal O -conditions O -for O -in O -vivo O -methyl O -ketone B-Chemical -formation O -were O -compared O -among O -five O -different O -types O -of O -C1 O -- O -utilizing O -microbes O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -the O -first O -report O -of O -a O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -- O -dependent O -, O -secondary O -alcohol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -biochemical O -properties O -of O -whole O -- O -cell O -penicillin B-Chemical -amidohydrolase O -from O -Micrococcus O -luteus O -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -whole O -- O -cell O -penicillin B-Chemical -amidohydrolase O -from O -M O -. O -luteus O -was O -capable O -of O -hydrolyzing O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -, O -penicillin B-Chemical -V O -, O -ampicillin B-Chemical -, O -and O -cephalexin B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -C O -and O -cloxacillin O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnesium B-Chemical -and O -iron B-Chemical -addition O -to O -casein O -hydrolysate O -medium O -for O -production O -of O -staphylococcal O -enterotoxins O -A O -, O -B O -, O -and O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -Higher O -levels O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -were O -not O -inhibitory O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -oxidation O -was O -inhibited O -in O -a O -forest O -soil O -( O -pH O -4 O -. O -01 O -) O -previously O -exposed O -by O -1 O -. O -0 O -microliter O -of O -SO2 O -per O -liter O -, O -the O -extent O -of O -inhibition O -and O -the O -decline O -in O -pH O -being O -directly O -related O -to O -the O -length O -of O -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -Bacterial O -numbers O -in O -soil O -incubated O -for O -48 O -h O -with O -1 O -. O -0 O -microliter O -of O -SO2 O -per O -liter O -were O -reduced O -, O -but O -the O -bacteria O -grew O -rapidly O -if O -glucose B-Chemical -or O -an O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -mixture O -was O -added O -after O -the O -exposure O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparable O -levels O -of O -sulfate O -were O -not O -toxic O -to O -carbon B-Chemical -mineralization O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -the O -activity O -of O -mung O -bean O -( O -Phaseolus O -aureus O -) O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -by O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -of O -radioactively O -labelled O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -acebutolol O -, O -practolol O -and O -atenolol B-Chemical -into O -brain O -, O -liver O -and O -lung O -tissue O -was O -studied O -five O -min O -after O -intravenous O -administration O -( O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -in O -normotensive O -Wistar O -rats O -anaesthetised O -with O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -and O -halothane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -level O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -as O -measured O -by O -total O -radioactivity O -) O -in O -the O -bran O -was O -40 O -and O -67 O -times O -greater O -than O -the O -levels O -found O -for O -atenolol B-Chemical -and O -practolol O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Levels O -of O -radioactivity O -in O -blood O -, O -brain O -, O -liver O -and O -lung O -were O -measured O -5 O -, O -15 O -, O -30 O -and O -60 O -min O -after O -administration O -of O -either O -propranolol B-Chemical -or O -atenolol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -caused O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -subsequent O -central O -uptake O -of O -labelled O -atenolol B-Chemical -whilst O -both O -the O -blood O -levels O -of O -radioactivity O -and O -the O -uptake O -into O -peripheral O -tissues O -were O -significantly O -lower O -in O -the O -2 O -and O -3 O -week O -pretreated O -rats O -compared O -to O -the O -control O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -halopemide O -, O -a O -new O -psychotropic O -agent O -, O -and O -some O -putative O -metabolites O -on O -the O -uptake O -of O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -into O -blood O -platelets O -of O -rat O -and O -man O -were O -studied O -and O -compared O -to O -the O -effects O -of O -imipramine B-Chemical -, O -sulpiride B-Chemical -and O -clozapine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -, O -acebutolol O -, O -atenolol B-Chemical -, O -bupranolol O -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -practolol O -, O -sotalol B-Chemical -and O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -were O -injected O -into O -the O -cisterna O -magna O -of O -anesthetized O -dogs O -with O -neurogenic O -hypertension O -induced O -by O -deafferentation O -and O -vagotomy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -other O -beta O -- O -blocking O -drugs O -and O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -were O -inactive O -at O -the O -doses O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -between O -the O -hypotensive O -and O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -actions O -of O -prazosin B-Chemical -was O -investigated O -in O -anaesthetized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prazosin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -reduction O -in O -mean O -arterial O -pressure O -was O -recorded O -immediately O -before O -measurement O -of O -87 O -such O -pairs O -of O -pressor O -reponses O -. O - -aps B-category -Linear O -regression O -analysis O -of O -the O -data O -revealed O -that O -there O -was O -a O -highly O -significant O -correlation O -between O -the O -degree O -of O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -afforded O -by O -prazosin B-Chemical -and O -the O -hypotensive O -response O -to O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -results O -show O -that O -prazosin B-Chemical -exhibits O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -properties O -at O -much O -lower O -doses O -, O -such O -that O -a O -close O -relationship O -exists O -between O -its O -alpha O -- O -blocking O -activity O -and O -its O -hypotensive O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Modification O -of O -behavioral O -and O -neurochemical O -effects O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -by O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -at O -0 O -. O -015 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -dose O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -both O -behavioral O -effects O -were O -blocked O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -03 O -or O -0 O -. O -015 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -at O -30 O -min O -postdrug O -produced O -opposite O -effects O -on O -the O -levels O -of O -NE O -, O -DA O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -in O -the O -respective O -brain O -areas O -compared O -to O -cocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -the O -cocaine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -behavioral O -changes O -and O -their O -modification O -by O -haloperidol B-Chemical -can O -be O -correlated O -to O -the O -neurochemical O -changes O -produced O -by O -these O -drugs O -alone O -or O -their O -combination O -. O - -aps B-category -Depolarization O -of O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileum O -by O -a O -high O -potassium B-Chemical -solution O -does O -not O -change O -the O -effect O -of O -strophantin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -is O -significantly O -reduced O -, O -5 O -to O -10 O -min O -, O -after O -the O -preparation O -is O -immersed O -in O -zero O -calcium B-Chemical -Tyrode O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -between O -lick O -or O -lever O -- O -pressing O -contingent O -reward O -and O -the O -effects O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -thereon O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -dose O -- O -relatedly O -inhibited O -licking O -for O -brain O -- O -stimulation O -but O -suppressed O -lever O -- O -pressing O -only O -at O -the O -highest O -dose O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -Potentiation O -of O -D O -- O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -effects O -on O -copulatory O -behavior O -in O -female O -rats O -by O -treatment O -with O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -blocking O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenoxybenzamine O -, O -phentolamine B-Chemical -and O -prazosin B-Chemical -, O -which O -all O -block O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -potentiated O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -on O -lordosis O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -augmented O -effect O -of O -D O -- O -or O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -was O -obtained O -on O -stereotype O -activity O -after O -pretreatment O -with O -phenoxybenzamine O -or O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clonidine B-Chemical -an O -alpha O -- O -receptor O -stimulant O -drug O -inhibited O -lordosis O -response O -in O -estrogen B-Chemical -treated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Reflex O -bradycardia O -was O -induced O -by O -ACh O -and O -nicotine B-Chemical -in O -doses O -from O -3 O -micrograms O -to O -10 O -micrograms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nicotine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -bradycardia O -was O -also O -inhibited O -by O -mecamylamine B-Chemical -and O -a O -large O -dose O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -NaCN O -, O -low O -pH O -solution O -and O -high O -CO2 O -saline O -induced O -weaker O -bradycardiac O -responses O -which O -were O -not O -affected O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -and O -mecamylamine B-Chemical -, O -but O -were O -abolished O -in O -the O -reserpinized O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -strains O -were O -completely O -inactivated O -by O -chloroform B-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -and O -all O -except O -Beaudette O -- O -42 O -and O -Connaught O -were O -relatively O -stable O -to O -ether B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dipivefrin O -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -treatment O -of O -elevated O -intraocular O -pressure O -: O -a O -comparative O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Dipivefrin O -produced O -similar O -percent O -reductions O -in O -intraocular O -pressure O -( O -18 O -. O -6 O -% O -) O -to O -epinephrine B-Chemical -( O -21 O -. O -0 O -% O -) O -, O -as O -well O -as O -similar O -increases O -in O -outflow O -facility O -and O -pupil O -diameter O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -partial O -purification O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -plus I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -potassium I-Chemical -ion O -- O -dependent O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -from O -the O -gills O -of O -Anguilla O -anguilla O -and O -its O -inhibition O -by O -orthovanadate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -sties O -equalled O -the O -number O -of O -sites O -phosphorylated O -by O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -NADH O -- O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -formation O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -anions O -by O -bovine O -heart O -submitochondrial O -particles O -and O -NADH O -- O -ubiquinone O -reductase O -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -was O -completely O -inhibited O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -, O -suggesting O -that O -superoxide B-Chemical -anions O -( O -O O -( O -2 O -) O -( O -- O -) O -) O -are O -responsible O -for O -the O -oxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -reaction O -was O -inhibited O -by O -inorganic O -salts O -at O -high O -concentrations O -, O -whereas O -the O -NADH O -- O -dependent O -reaction O -was O -stimulated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -pH O -and O -inorganic O -salts O -at O -high O -concentrations O -on O -the O -NADH O -- O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -reactions O -of O -Complex O -I O -were O -essentially O -similar O -to O -those O -on O -the O -reactions O -of O -submitochondrial O -particles O -. O - -aps B-category -Appearance O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -low O -tyrosine B-Chemical -transamination O -activity O -can O -be O -ascribed O -to O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -after O -3 O -days O -of O -culture O -hepatocytes O -from O -15 O -- O -day O -foetuses O -are O -able O -to O -synthesize O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -Re O -- O -examination O -of O -the O -subcellular O -localization O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -deiodination O -in O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -co O -- O -fractionate O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -, O -the O -marker O -enzyme O -for O -membranes O -of O -the O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -. O - -aps B-category -of O -about O -3 O -microM B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thyroxine I-Chemical -and O -a O -Vmax O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -to O -egg O -phosphatidylcholine O -of O -some O -organic O -anions O -( O -bromosulphophthalein O -, O -oestrone O -sulphate O -, O -haem O -and O -bilirubin B-Chemical -) O -that O -bind O -to O -ligandin O -and O -aminoazo O -- O -dye O -- O -binding O -protein O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -Values O -of O -Vmax O -( O -v O -= O -mol O -of O -compound O -bound O -/ O -mol O -of O -lipid O -phosphorus B-Chemical -) O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -were O -: O -for O -bromosulphophthalein O -, O -approximately O -0 O -. O -1 O -; O -for O -oestrone O -sulphate O -, O -approximately O -0 O -. O -25 O -; O -for O -haem O -, O -approximately O -0 O -. O -25 O -( O -all O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -) O -; O -and O -for O -bilirubin B-Chemical -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -( O -at O -pH O -8 O -. O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -each O -compound O -was O -decreased O -by O -cholesterol B-Chemical -; O -bromosulphophthalein O -and O -oestrone O -sulphate O -were O -affected O -more O -than O -haem O -and O -bilirubin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Tyrosine O -aminotransferase O -induction O -in O -hepatocytes O -cultured O -from O -rat O -foetuses O -treated O -with O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -in O -utero O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -foetal O -hepatocytes O -are O -cultured O -in O -vitro O -from O -animals O -treated O -in O -utero O -with O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -, O -significantly O -higher O -activities O -of O -specific O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -are O -found O -than O -in O -untreated O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cultures O -established O -from O -animals O -treated O -with O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -in O -utero O -, O -the O -increase O -in O -specific O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -over O -the O -control O -cultures O -is O -only O -marginally O -decreased O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -actinomycin O -D O -. O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -and O -adenine O -nucleotides O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -pig O -heart O -2 O -- O -oxoglutarate O -dehydrogenase O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -discuss O -the O -mechanisms O -controlling O -this O -enzyme O -' O -s O -activity O -and O -compare O -these O -regulatory O -features O -with O -those O -of O -NAD O -- O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -and O -the O -pyruvate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -system O -, O -which O -are O -also O -sensitive O -to O -Ca2 O -+ O -and O -adenine O -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -Homogenates O -of O -rat O -small O -intestine O -can O -depolymerize O -macromolecular O -rat O -skin O -heparin B-Chemical -( O -RS O -heparin B-Chemical -) O -to O -products O -similar O -in O -size O -to O -commercial O -heparin B-Chemical -[ O -Horner O -( O -1972 O -) O -Proc O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -assay O -for O -macromolecular O -heparin B-Chemical -depolymerase O -activity O -in O -rat O -small O -intestine O -has O -been O -developed O -, O -based O -on O -the O -action O -of O -the O -enzyme O -on O -35S O -- O -labelled O -macromolecular O -RS O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Macromolecular O -heparin B-Chemical -depolymerase O -activity O -measured O -as O -a O -function O -of O -time O -and O -substrate O -concentration O -produced O -curves O -typical O -of O -an O -enzymic O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -palmitoyl O -- O -CoA O -hydrolase O -and O -palmitoyl O -- O -L O -- O -carnitine O -hydrolase O -activities O -of O -microsomal O -fraction O -had O -similar O -pH O -optima O -and O -were O -stimulated O -by O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -but O -were O -affected O -differently O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -Pb2 O -+ O -, O -Mg2 O -+ O -, O -Ca2 O -+ O -, O -Mn2 O -+ O -and O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Chondroitin O -6 O -- O -sulphate O -and O -keratan O -sulphate O -, O -as O -well O -as O -heparin B-Chemical -and O -heparan B-Chemical -sulphate I-Chemical -, O -served O -as O -competitive O -inhibitors O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sulphatase O -activity O -was O -inhibited O -by O -a O -variety O -of O -anions O -and O -cations O -and O -activated O -by O -thiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -and O -thiol B-Chemical -reagents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -l O -- O -asparagine O -synthetase O -activity O -of O -the O -partially O -purified O -enzyme O -from O -mouse O -pancreas O -was O -markedly O -decreased O -by O -freezing O -for O -7 O -days O -at O -- O -87 O -degrees O -C O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -1mm B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dithiothreitol I-Chemical -, O -but O -effectively O -protected O -from O -inactivation O -by O -high O -concentrations O -( O -10mm O -) O -of O -the O -thiol B-Chemical -reagent O -. O - -aps B-category -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diazo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norleucine I-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norvaline I-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diazo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -norvaline I-Chemical -and O -NSC O -- O -163501 O -) O -and O -thiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -reactive I-Chemical -compounds O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DL I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfoximine I-Chemical -and O -beta O -- O -N O -- O -oxalyl O -- O -L O -- O -alpha O -, O -beta O -- O -diaminopropionic O -acid O -on O -nitrogenase O -biosynthesis O -and O -activity O -in O -Rhodopseudomonas O -capsulata O -. O - -aps B-category -Modulation O -of O -rat O -myometrial O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activities O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -and O -unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Phospho O -ADP O -ribosylation O -of O -human O -glucose B-Chemical -6 O -phosphate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -: O -probable O -mechanism O -of O -the O -occurrence O -of O -hyperanodic O -forms O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -description O -is O -given O -of O -the O -synthesis O -and O -main O -physical O -and O -chemical O -properties O -of O -a O -new O -derivative O -of O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -which O -we O -have O -called O -eterylate O -and O -which O -is O -2 O -- O -( O -p O -- O -acetamidophenyloxy O -) O -- O -ethyl O -- O -o O -- O -acetoxy O -- O -benzoate O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluorimetric O -determination O -and O -pharmacokinetic O -studies O -of O -fazadinium O -bromide B-Chemical -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -is O -hydrolized O -by O -alkali B-Chemical -to O -give O -3 O -- O -methyl O -- O -2 O -- O -phenyl O -- O -1H O -- O -( O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -a O -) O -- O -imidazo O -- O -pyridinium O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -which O -is O -extracted O -by O -cyclohexane O -and O -measured O -for O -fluorescence O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -properties O -of O -6 O -- O -( O -o O -- O -chlorophenyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -s I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triazolo I-Chemical -[ O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -c O -] O -thieno O -[ O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -e O -] O -[ O -1 O -, O -4 O -] O -diazepine O -( O -Y O -- O -7131 O -) O -, O -a O -new O -anti O -- O -anxiety O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acute O -toxicity O -of O -Y O -- O -7131 O -was O -considerably O -lower O -than O -that O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Y O -- O -7131 O -appears O -to O -be O -a O -characteristic O -and O -potent O -anti O -- O -anxiety O -agent O -different O -from O -the O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -derivative O -of O -thienodiazepine B-Chemical -, O -6 O -- O -( O -o O -- O -chlorophenyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -s I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triazolo I-Chemical -[ O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -c O -] O -thieno O -[ O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -e O -] O -[ O -1 O -, O -4 O -] O -diazepine O -( O -Y O -- O -7131 O -) O -decreased O -the O -turnover O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -but O -not O -that O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -in O -the O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Imipramine B-Chemical -decreased O -the O -turnover O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -whereas O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -increased O -the O -turnover O -of O -DA O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -such O -an O -action O -was O -not O -recognized O -. O - -aps B-category -Y O -- O -7131 O -inhibited O -the O -uptake O -of O -NE O -in O -the O -mouse O -brain O -, O -although O -it O -did O -not O -inhibit O -the O -uptake O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Imipramine B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -uptake O -of O -both O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -antagonistic O -effect O -, O -Y O -- O -7131 O -was O -more O -potent O -than O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -obtained O -suggest O -that O -Y O -- O -7131 O -has O -biochemical O -profiles O -similar O -to O -diazepam B-Chemical -but O -differs O -from O -it O -in O -exhibiting O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -the O -NE O -turnover O -and O -its O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -of O -radioactive O -6 O -- O -( O -o O -- O -chlorophenyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -s I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triazolo I-Chemical -[ O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -c O -] O -thieno O -[ O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -e O -] O -[ O -1 O -, O -4 O -] O -diazepine O -( O -Y O -- O -7131 O -) O -, O -a O -new O -psychotropic O -agent O -, O -is O -descirbed O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacokinetic O -investigations O -concerning O -possible O -interactions O -of O -an O -orally O -administered O -single O -dosage O -of O -20 O -mg O -dipotassium O -clorazepate O -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -were O -conducted O -with O -14 O -male O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -oxazepam B-Chemical -glucuronide O -excreted O -in O -the O -urine O -, O -however O -, O -was O -statistically O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -metabolization O -pattern O -is O -apparently O -the O -result O -of O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -on O -hydroxylization O -processes O -during O -biotransformation O -of O -the O -metabolite O -nordiazepam O -. O - -aps B-category -Microbiological O -activity O -of O -cefazedone B-Chemical -as O -compared O -to O -cefazolin O -and O -cephalothin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Influence O -of O -Silybin O -- O -dihemisuccinate O -on O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -rat O -liver O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -injection O -of O -150 O -. O -6 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -silybin O -- O -dihemisuccinate O -, O -radioactivity O -incorporation O -of O -14C O -- O -acetate O -or O -3H2O O -in O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -was O -lowered O -by O -about O -25 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -suggest O -that O -silybin O -caused O -an O -unspecific O -and O -, O -under O -in O -vivo O -conditions O -, O -transitory O -inhibition O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -in O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -type O -and O -position O -of O -the O -hetero O -atoms O -, O -N O -, O -S O -and O -O O -in O -the O -intermediate O -chain O -of O -the O -procaine B-Chemical -( O -I O -) O -, O -xylocaine O -( O -II O -) O -, O -cinchocaine O -( O -III O -) O -and O -phenoxymethyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -procaine I-Chemical -( O -IV O -) O -series O -have O -in O -each O -of O -these O -series O -quite O -a O -different O -effect O -due O -to O -the O -structural O -specificity O -of O -the O -remaining O -part O -of O -the O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -5 O -- O -methyl O -- O -and O -unmethylated O -analogues O -with O -a O -thiourea O -group O -proved O -to O -be O -quite O -active O -, O -the O -2 O -- O -methyl O -- O -and O -2 O -, O -5 O -- O -dimethyl O -- O -derivatives O -, O -as O -well O -as O -those O -with O -a O -urea B-Chemical -group O -, O -had O -only O -low O -H2 O -- O -antihistaminic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -triamterene B-Chemical -on O -the O -contractile O -force O -and O -the O -cellular O -electrolyte O -content O -and O -exchange O -was O -studied O -in O -isolated O -, O -electrically O -stimulated O -guinea O -- O -pig O -atria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inotropic O -action O -of O -triamterene B-Chemical -was O -shown O -to O -be O -independent O -of O -the O -rate O -of O -stimulation O -( O -1 O -- O -- O -2 O -Hz O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -incubating O -the O -atrial O -preparations O -with O -45calcium O -for O -30 O -min O -the O -intracellularly O -exchangeable O -calcium B-Chemical -fraction O -was O -significantly O -enhanced O -by O -triamterene B-Chemical -( O -100 O -mumol O -/ O -l O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -cellular O -total O -calcium B-Chemical -content O -shows O -remained O -unchanged O -it O -is O -postulated O -that O -the O -increase O -in O -calcium B-Chemical -influx O -is O -balanced O -by O -a O -simultaneous O -elevation O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -efflux O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparative O -study O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -and O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -on O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -, O -mucosal O -blood O -flow O -and O -ulcer O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -Orally O -, O -both O -16 O -, O -16 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dimethyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -PGE2 I-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -( O -20 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -metiamide O -( O -6 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -were O -markedly O -effective O -inhibitors O -of O -GAS O -stimulated O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -acid O -phosphate B-Chemical -or O -pentagastrin O -in O -Heidenhain O -pouch O -dogs O -, O -producing O -a O -reduction O -both O -in O -volume O -of O -gastric O -juice O -and O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -titratable O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenously O -, O -both O -burimamide O -and O -metiamide O -were O -effective O -in O -inhibiting O -GAS O -in O -rats O -but O -were O -less O -potent O -than O -the O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -By O -the O -oral O -route O -, O -the O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -were O -found O -to O -be O -very O -weak O -inhibitors O -of O -indometacin O -- O -induced O -gastric O -ulcer O -in O -rats O -, O -as O -compared O -to O -the O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cholesterol B-Chemical -esterase O -activity O -was O -estimated O -in O -homogenates O -of O -rat O -arterial O -wall O -using O -radioactive O -cholesteryl O -oleate O -incorporated O -into O -phospholipid O -vesicles O -as O -a O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -detected O -when O -the O -substrate O -vesicles O -were O -prepared O -with O -phosphatidylethanolamine O -or O -sphingomyelin O -, O -but O -the O -activity O -was O -higher O -when O -the O -substrate O -vesicles O -were O -prepared O -with O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -and O -highest O -when O -they O -were O -prepared O -with O -phosphatidylcholine O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -gonococci O -from O -either O -colony O -type O -in O -0 O -. O -1 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -ferric O -nitrate B-Chemical -, O -followed O -by O -incubation O -with O -sperm O -, O -significantly O -increased O -attachment O -of O -only O -T4 O -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -substance O -has O -been O -further O -investigated O -as O -a O -possible O -antidote O -to O -unwanted O -cardiac O -side O -effects O -of O -the O -cardioselective O -beta O -- O -blocker O -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -We O -have O -studied O -the O -effects O -of O -single O -oral O -doses O -of O -80 O -mg O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -100 O -mg O -metoprolol B-Chemical -on O -the O -cardiovascular O -and O -respiratory O -responses O -to O -progressive O -exercise O -in O -nine O -healthy O -men O -in O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -experiment O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -production O -and O -exercise O -ventilation O -were O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -atenolol B-Chemical -treated O -patients O -showed O -adverse O -reactions O -, O -but O -negative O -patch O -tests O -to O -atenolol B-Chemical -were O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Proton O -and O -phosphorus B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -31 I-Chemical -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -- O -pH O -titration O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymes O -of O -the O -first O -group O -, O -comprising O -lactase O -, O -maltase O -, O -sucrase O -, O -leucine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -, O -and O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -, O -all O -yielded O -a O -single O -slope O -on O -the O -Arrhenius O -plot O -in O -the O -range O -10 O -- O -- O -40 O -degrees O -C O -and O -did O -not O -appear O -to O -experience O -functionally O -the O -effects O -of O -the O -lipid O -thermotropic O -transition O -. O - -aps B-category -Vesicles O -are O -formed O -by O -solubilizing O -mixtures O -of O -phosphatidylcholine O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -with O -sodium B-Chemical -cholate B-Chemical -and O -removing O -the O -detergent O -by O -rapid O -( O -hollow O -fiber O -) O -dialysis O -[ O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -Goldin O -, O -S O -. O -M O -. O -( O -1977 O -) O -J O -. O -Biol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thermodynamic O -consequences O -of O -the O -proton O -pump O -are O -discussed O -and O -a O -maximal O -P O -/ O -O O -ratio O -of O -1 O -1 O -/ O -3 O -for O -' O -site O -3 O -' O -is O -predicted O -in O -agreement O -with O -state O -4 O -redox O -potentials O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -potential O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -methods O -to O -measure O -the O -rate O -of O -accumulation O -of O -[ O -3 O -- O -14C O -] O -pyruvate B-Chemical -in O -the O -sucrose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -impermeable I-Chemical -space O -of O -isolated O -rat O -liver O -mitochondria O -are O -tested O -and O -compared O -with O -respect O -to O -their O -ability O -to O -distinguish O -between O -carrier O -- O -linked O -pyruvate B-Chemical -transport O -and O -non O -- O -carrier O -- O -linked O -processes O -( O -adsorption O -and O -diffusion O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -procedures O -which O -avoid O -the O -use O -of O -transport O -inhibitors O -allow O -more O -reliable O -estimates O -of O -carrier O -- O -linked O -pyruvate B-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -this O -procedure O -, O -it O -could O -be O -shown O -that O -, O -with O -1 O -mM O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -adsorption O -represents O -only O -a O -small O -part O -of O -the O -total O -pyruvate B-Chemical -accumulation O -, O -the O -main O -part O -being O -carrier O -- O -linked O -transport O -driven O -by O -the O -pH O -gradient O -across O -the O -mitochondrial O -inner O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -for O -the O -purification O -of O -a O -membrane O -- O -bound O -glycoprotein O -, O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltranspeptidase O -( O -( O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -) O -- O -peptide O -: O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -. O -2 O -) O -, O -from O -a O -transplantable O -rat O -mammary O -tumor O -( O -13762 O -MT O -) O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -inactivation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -is O -reduced O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -competitive O -inhibitors O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -L O -- O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -tartrate O -, O -but O -not O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -non O -- O -inhibitory O -D O -- O -tartrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -solubilisation O -of O -the O -membrane O -- O -bound O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -carboxypeptidase O -of O -Bacillus O -coagulans O -NCIB O -9365 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -combination O -of O -urea B-Chemical -and O -the O -non O -- O -ionic O -detergent O -Genapol O -X O -- O -100 O -was O -required O -to O -achieve O -a O -significant O -solubilisation O -of O -membrane O -protein O -and O -D O -, O -D O -- O -carboxypeptidase O -in O -an O -active O -form O -; O -the O -pH O -optimum O -for O -this O -treatment O -was O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -report O -the O -facile O -purification O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -: O -ammonia B-Chemical -ligase O -( O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -diphosphate O -- O -forming O -) O -, O -EC O -6 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -) O -in O -both O -the O -adenylylated O -and O -unadenylylated O -form O -, O -from O -Azotobacter O -vinelandii O -ATCC O -12837 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -substrate O -specificity O -of O -pyrrolidone B-Chemical -carboxylyl O -peptidase O -from O -Bacillus O -amyloliquefaciens O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -shows O -cooperative O -binding O -of O -AMP O -( O -Hill O -coefficient O -, O -nH O -, O -1 O -. O -7 O -) O -with O -an O -s0 O -. O -5 O -value O -of O -2 O -. O -6 O -mM O -in O -the O -absence O -or O -presence O -of O -alkali B-Chemical -metals O -. O - -aps B-category -Whole O -cells O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -having O -high O -aspartase O -( O -L O -- O -asparate O -ammonialyase O -, O -EC O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -) O -activity O -were O -immobilized O -by O -entrapping O -into O -a O -kappa B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carrageenan I-Chemical -gel O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemical O -modification O -of O -the O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -groups O -of O -lysine O -residues O -in O -horseradish O -peroxidase O -and O -its O -effect O -on O -the O -catalytic O -properties O -and O -thermostability O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -relationship O -between O -the O -number O -of O -modified O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -groups O -of O -lysine O -residues O -and O -the O -nature O -of O -the O -modifier O -on O -the O -one O -hand O -, O -and O -the O -conformation O -and O -thermostability O -of O -the O -enzyme O -on O -the O -other O -, O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -detergent O -- O -solubilised O -hydrogenase O -has O -subsequently O -been O -purified O -using O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -precipitation O -, O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -and O -chromatography O -on O -hydroxyapatite O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -taurocholate O -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -% O -, O -w O -/ O -v O -) O -was O -most O -effective O -with O -no O -loss O -in O -activity O -after O -40 O -days O -and O -minimal O -loss O -( O -14 O -% O -) O -after O -60 O -days O -storage O -at O -4 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -solubilized O -sialyltransferase O -preparation O -retains O -full O -activity O -after O -storage O -in O -the O -frozen O -state O -( O -- O -20 O -degrees O -C O -) O -for O -at O -least O -159 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -NADH O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -these O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -membranes O -can O -convert O -stearyl O -- O -CoA O -to O -oleyl O -- O -CoA O -, O -similarly O -to O -liver O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -unsaturated O -acyl O -chains O -ranged O -from O -58 O -to O -87 O -% O -of O -total O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -depending O -on O -the O -strain O -and O -on O -growth O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -resistant O -strain O -maintained O -its O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -and O -a O -normal O -[ O -32P O -] O -phosphate B-Chemical -distribution O -among O -phospholipids O -while O -the O -wild O -type O -shifted O -to O -a O -higher O -content O -in O -unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -to O -a O -high O -relative O -cardiolipin O -labelling O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -long O -- O -chain O -acyl O -- O -CoA O -hydrolase O -from O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -has O -been O -purified O -by O -solvent O -extraction O -and O -gel O -chromatography O -to O -homogeneity O -as O -judged O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -absence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -Reactivation O -by O -means O -of O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -was O -not O -complete O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulfhydryl O -agents O -such O -as O -cysteine B-Chemical -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -and O -beta O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -had O -no O -effect O -, O -but O -SH O -- O -blocking O -agents O -like O -HgCl2 O -and O -p O -- O -hydroxymercuribenzoate O -inhibited O -the O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Involvement O -of O -b O -- O -type O -cytochrome O -in O -the O -desaturation O -reaction O -was O -demonstrated O -by O -the O -reoxidation O -of O -b O -- O -type O -cytochrome O -initially O -reduced O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -palmitic O -acid O -and O -other O -cofactors O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -arsenite O -and O -acylcarnitine O -were O -added O -simultaneously O -to O -mitochondria O -, O -there O -was O -a O -delay O -before O -maximal O -inhibition O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -substrate O -and O -arsenite O -complete O -for O -the O -reactive O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -at O -the O -active O -site O -of O -the O -thiolase O -( O -s O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -pH O -and O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -on O -the O -electron O -spin O -resonance O -spectra O -of O -the O -alpha O -- O -hemes O -( O -g O -= O -6 O -. O -0 O -) O -and O -the O -beta O -- O -hemes O -( O -g O -= O -6 O -. O -7 O -) O -has O -been O -measured O -in O -methemoglobin O -M O -Milwaukee O -and O -compared O -with O -that O -of O -methemoglobin O -A O -( O -g O -= O -6 O -. O -0 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -optical O -properties O -of O -methemoglobins O -A O -and O -M O -Milwaukee O -over O -the O -pH O -range O -from O -5 O -. O -0 O -to O -8 O -. O -1 O -shows O -that O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -has O -a O -differential O -effect O -on O -the O -subunit O -types O -in O -these O -two O -methemoglobins O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -it O -is O -the O -hydroxymet O -form O -of O -the O -alpha O -- O -hemes O -which O -undergoes O -spectral O -change O -upon O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -binding O -to O -the O -beta O -- O -subunits O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -of O -the O -glial O -fibrillary O -acidic O -protein O -and O -of O -an O -immunologically O -active O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -peptide O -from O -brain O -filament O -preparations O -of O -bovine O -white O -matter O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -gel O -electrophoresis O -the O -main O -bands O -in O -the O -non O -- O -adsorbed O -fraction O -were O -at O -74 O -000 O -daltons O -and O -above O -100 O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -separated O -proteins O -with O -molecular O -weights O -ot O -55 O -000 O -, O -51 O -400 O -and O -25 O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Generally O -cyclic O -AMP O -formation O -with O -crude O -or O -purified O -preparations O -of O -soluble O -guanylate O -cyclase O -was O -only O -observed O -when O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -increased O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -azide O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -, O -N O -- O -methyl O -- O -N O -' O -- O -nitro O -- O -N O -- O -nitrosoguanidine O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -, O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -gas O -, O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -radical O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -arachidonate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -partitions O -were O -carried O -out O -in O -the O -systems O -containing O -6 O -% O -( O -w O -/ O -w O -) O -Dextran B-Chemical -T O -500 O -and O -6 O -% O -( O -w O -/ O -w O -) O -polyethyleneglycol O -4000 O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -salts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cross O -- O -points O -of O -urate B-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -framework O -protein O -fractions O -obtained O -by O -alkali B-Chemical -treatment O -on O -the O -purified O -core O -were O -7 O -. O -8 O -and O -4 O -. O -2 O -, O -respectively O -, O -and O -the O -ratio O -of O -the O -proteins O -of O -urate B-Chemical -oxidase O -to O -framework O -protein O -was O -2 O -: O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbonyl O -cyanide O -phenylhydrazone O -and O -its O -ring O -- O -substituted O -analogs O -react O -with O -thiols B-Chemical -( O -thioglycolic O -acid O -, O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -, O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -) O -and O -aminothiols O -( O -cysteine B-Chemical -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -) O -to O -give O -corresponding O -N O -- O -( O -substituted O -phenyl O -) O -- O -N O -' O -- O -( O -alkylthiodicyano O -) O -- O -methylhydrazine O -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -reactions O -are O -of O -the O -bimolecular O -AdN O -type O -where O -the O -non O -- O -dissociated O -form O -of O -carbonyl O -cyanide O -phenylhydrazones O -function O -as O -an O -electrophilic O -component O -, O -while O -the O -RS O -- O -ion O -plays O -the O -role O -of O -nucleophilic O -component O -in O -the O -case O -of O -thiols B-Chemical -( O -the O -attack O -of O -the O -azomethine O -group O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -reactivity O -of O -thiols B-Chemical -increases O -with O -their O -basicity O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -demonstrated O -that O -carbonyl O -cyanide O -phenylhydrazone O -is O -an O -efficient O -inhibitor O -of O -rabbit O -muscle O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -12 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -of O -a O -38 O -% O -fraction O -of O -the O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -centrifugation O -has O -resolved O -stentorin O -II O -proteins O -having O -molecular O -weights O -of O -13 O -000 O -, O -16 O -000 O -, O -65 O -000 O -and O -130 O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -on O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -fetal O -mouse O -liver O -in O -vitro O -of O -prednisolone B-Chemical -, O -insulin O -and O -thyroxine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hormones O -tested O -were O -insulin O -, O -thyroxine B-Chemical -and O -prednisolone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -prednisolone B-Chemical -plus O -thyroxine B-Chemical -and O -prednisolone B-Chemical -plus O -insulin O -increased O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -1 O -. O -4 O -- O -and O -1 O -. O -3 O -- O -fold O -, O -respectively O -, O -over O -that O -of O -explants O -with O -prednisolone B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -three O -hormones O -were O -not O -all O -needed O -continuously O -during O -the O -culture O -period O -: O -prednisolone B-Chemical -and O -insulin O -were O -required O -during O -the O -early O -part O -of O -cultivation O -and O -thyroxine B-Chemical -during O -the O -later O -part O -. O - -aps B-category -Phase B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -contrast I-Chemical -microscopy O -showed O -that O -prednisolone B-Chemical -stimulated O -liver O -epithelial O -cell O -outgrowth O -, O -probably O -acting O -with O -insulin O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -shown O -that O -when O -illuminating O -chlorophyll O -a O -solution O -( O -approximately O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -in O -ethanol B-Chemical -containing O -small O -concentrations O -of O -hydroquinone B-Chemical -at O -pH O -higher O -than O -7 O -, O -a O -markable O -negative O -photopotential O -( O -- O -PhP O -) O -is O -initiated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -temperature O -, O -80 O -% O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -1 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulphate O -on O -the O -structure O -of O -these O -polypeptides O -was O -also O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Antiparkinsonics O -, O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -and O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -a O -reduction O -in O -the O -dose O -of O -antipsychotic O -medications O -, O -or O -their O -complete O -discontinuation O -, O -mesolimbic O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -supersensitivity O -could O -be O -reflected O -in O -rapid O -relapse O -of O -schizophrenic O -patients O -, O -the O -development O -of O -schizophrenic O -symptoms O -in O -patients O -with O -no O -prior O -history O -of O -schizophrenia O -, O -or O -in O -the O -necessity O -for O -ever O -- O -increasing O -doses O -of O -long O -- O -acting O -depot O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -to O -maintain O -a O -remission O -. O - -aps B-category -Superinduction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -RLC O -- O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -the O -addition O -of O -actidione O -it O -could O -be O -proved O -that O -the O -superinduction O -takes O -place O -because O -of O -the O -decreased O -activity O -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -- O -degrading O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -provide O -quantitative O -evidence O -for O -specific O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonding O -between O -the O -guanidino O -group O -of O -Arg O -and O -inosine O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -with O -rate O -constants O -obtained O -previously O -for O -oligomer O -complexes O -indicates O -that O -the O -recombination O -rate O -is O -approximately O -a O -function O -of O -the O -square O -root O -of O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -chain O -length O -, O -which O -is O -directly O -related O -to O -the O -mean O -radius O -of O -coiled O -polymers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -refolding O -transition O -of O -N O -- O -methyl O -- O -His O -- O -57 O -- O -alpha O -- O -chymotrypsin O -, O -in O -which O -a O -nitrogen B-Chemical -of O -the O -" O -charge O -relay O -" O -histidine O -is O -methylated O -, O -displays O -one O -ionization O -process O -with O -an O -apparent O -pKa O -of O -9 O -. O -45 O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -equilibrium O -constant O -, O -derived O -for O -either O -of O -two O -possible O -modes O -of O -association O -, O -it O -is O -calculated O -that O -only O -half O -of O -the O -oxyhemoglobin O -would O -be O -in O -the O -alpha O -2 O -beta O -2 O -states O -under O -conditions O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -and O -a O -concentration O -of O -320 O -g O -/ O -liter O -, O -that O -pertaining O -in O -the O -red O -blood O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -explanation O -is O -provided O -of O -the O -observed O -dependence O -on O -hemoglobin O -concentration O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -DPG O -, O -and O -of O -the O -absence O -of O -such O -an O -effect O -in O -DPG O -- O -free O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -Continuous O -monitoring O -of O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -partial O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Taurine O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -in O -the O -gills O -of O -the O -clam O -Protothaca O -staminea O -exposed O -to O -chlorinated O -seawater O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -abnormal O -regulation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -restricted O -to O -one O -catecholamine B-Chemical -nucleus O -in O -the O -brain O -stem O -of O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphological O -analysis O -revealed O -a O -general O -reduction O -in O -the O -size O -of O -the O -adrenergic O -neurons O -in O -the O -superior O -cervical O -ganglion O -( O -SCG O -) O -which O -was O -also O -reflected O -at O -the O -biochemical O -level O -by O -a O -30 O -% O -decrease O -in O -total O -protein O -content O -and O -a O -50 O -- O -- O -60 O -% O -reduction O -in O -the O -total O -activities O -of O -all O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -synthesizing I-Chemical -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -adrenergic O -neurons O -from O -newborn O -animals O -, O -which O -depend O -on O -NGF O -or O -a O -crossreacting O -NGF O -- O -like O -material O -for O -survival O -, O -differentiated O -adrenergic O -neurons O -need O -this O -factor O -for O -the O -maintenance O -of O -their O -normal O -function O -but O -not O -for O -survival O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -an O -attempt O -to O -determine O -the O -mechanism O -by O -which O -the O -tripeptide O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -prolyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -l I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -amide O -( O -PLG O -, O -MIF O -- O -I O -) O -exerts O -its O -antiparkinsonian O -effect O -, O -the O -action O -of O -this O -substance O -on O -various O -postsynaptic O -components O -of O -striatal O -dopaminergic O -nerves O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -adenylate O -cyclase O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -, O -and O -guanylate O -cyclase O -were O -not O -altered O -in O -vitro O -by O -various O -concentrations O -of O -MIF O -- O -I O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -to O -1000 O -micrometer O -) O -, O -although O -VIP O -and O -neurotensin B-Chemical -had O -some O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -series O -of O -studies O -indicates O -that O -MIF O -- O -I O -does O -not O -act O -directly O -on O -the O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -postsynaptic O -receptor O -under O -the O -conditions O -tested O -, O -although O -it O -is O -possible O -that O -MIF O -- O -I O -could O -act O -indirectly O -at O -this O -or O -another O -site O -in O -vivo O -by O -releasing O -or O -activating O -some O -other O -factor O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -properties O -and O -kinetic O -parameters O -of O -dihydroxyphenylalanine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -in O -brain O -, O -liver O -, O -and O -adrenals O -of O -cat O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -shows O -that O -decarboxylase O -activity O -in O -brain O -is O -lower O -than O -in O -peripheral O -organs O -and O -that O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -can O -be O -decarboxylated O -without O -exogenous O -addition O -of O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -PLP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -ions O -inhibited O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -ATP O -and O -PP1 O -and O -evidence O -is O -presented O -to O -show O -that O -the O -metal O -complexes O -of O -these O -substrates O -are O -not O -hydrolysed O -by O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -Nevertheless O -, O -the O -influence O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -on O -the O -ATPase O -activity O -of O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -means O -that O -precautions O -must O -be O -taken O -when O -assaying O -for O -Ca2 O -+ O -- O -ATPase O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -Contractures O -appear O -during O -repolarization O -of O -frog O -toe O -muscles O -in O -media O -containing O -perchlorate O -in O -place O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -appropriate O -concentrations O -of O -procaine B-Chemical -, O -repriming O -was O -markedly O -impaired O -with O -only O -a O -small O -reduction O -in O -the O -amplitude O -of O -repolarization O -- O -induced O -contractures O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -linkages O -and O -the O -structure O -of O -a O -disaccharide O -unit O -of O -the O -type O -- O -specific O -polysaccharide O -of O -Pneumococcus O -type O -XIX O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -M O -or O -2M O -HCl O -at O -100 O -degrees O -for O -3 O -h O -, O -4 O -- O -O O -- O -( O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mannopyranosyl I-Chemical -) O -- B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -4 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -was O -liberated O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -extracellular O -cycloamylose O -( O -cyclodextrin O -) O -glucanotransferase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -19 O -) O -from O -Bacillus O -macerans O -was O -purified O -to O -homogeneity O -by O -adsorption O -on O -starch O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -fractionation O -, O -column O -chromatography O -on O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -, O -and O -gel O -filtration O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -100 O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -was O -accomplished O -by O -addition O -of O -the O -sperm O -- O -activating O -substances O -( O -SAS O -) O -, O -extracted O -from O -the O -male O -accessory O -gland O -, O -to O -cells O -incubated O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -buffered I-Chemical -saline O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -) O -at O -37 O -- O -39 O -degrees O -C O -under O -anaerobic O -conditions O -( O -95 O -% O -N2 O -, O -5 O -% O -CO2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -may O -be O -replaced O -by O -potassium B-Chemical -or O -lithium B-Chemical -but O -not O -by O -Tris O -or O -sucrose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -changes O -in O -lead B-Chemical -II O -ECG O -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Amrinone O -' O -s O -inotropic O -response O -was O -not O -associated O -with O -significant O -alterations O -in O -cardiac O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -phosphodiesterase O -, O -cyclic O -AMP O -, O -or O -Na O -+ O -, O -K O -+ O -- O -activated O -ATPase O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -because O -GGT O -was O -more O -susceptible O -than O -other O -tests O -to O -spurious O -elevation O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -hepatobiliary O -disease O -and O -was O -unhelpful O -in O -differential O -diagnosis O -, O -it O -has O -little O -value O -apart O -from O -monitoring O -alcohol B-Chemical -abuse O -and O -enzyme O -induction O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -the O -mechanism O -of O -inhibition O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -activity O -by O -BCNU B-Chemical -( O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -bis O -( O -2 O -- O -chloroethyl O -) O -- O -1 O -- O -nitrosourea O -) O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -enzyme O -was O -protected O -from O -inhibition O -by O -mercaptoethanol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibited O -enzyme O -showed O -decreased O -affinity O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -other O -red O -cell O -enzymes O -were O -inhibited O -by O -high O -concentrations O -of O -BCNU B-Chemical -; O -these O -enzymes O -were O -also O -protected O -by O -mercaptoethanol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -and O -other O -carbohydrates O -on O -human O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -isoenzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -enzyme O -temporarily O -depressed O -by O -alcohol B-Chemical -ingestion O -, O -erythrocyte O -delta O -- O -aminolaevulinate O -dehydratase O -( O -delta O -- O -ALAD O -) O -, O -was O -compared O -with O -afternoon O -casual O -blood O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -plasma O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -( O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -( O -gamma O -- O -GT O -) O -simultaneously O -measured O -in O -outpatients O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -was O -measured O -in O -25 O -heroin B-Chemical -addicts O -. O - -aps B-category -Separation O -with O -PEG O -has O -the O -advantage O -of O -being O -cheap O -, O -rapid O -and O -relatively O -non O -- O -susceptible O -to O -disturbances O -as O -compared O -with O -the O -charcoal B-Chemical -and O -double O -- O -antibody O -- O -solid O -phase O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -Peripheral O -cardiovascular O -effects O -in O -rats O -after O -central O -administration O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -antihistamines O -. O - -aps B-category -histamine B-Chemical -but O -rather O -prolonged O -them O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -the O -role O -of O -H2 O -- O -receptors O -in O -cardiovascular O -responses O -to O -centrally O -administered O -histamine B-Chemical -remains O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -Soterenol O -and O -its O -3 O -- O -hydroxy O -, O -4 O -- O -methanesulphonamido O -isomer O -( O -MJ6987 O -- O -1 O -) O -were O -compared O -with O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -for O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -mediated O -effects O -in O -guinea O -- O -pig O -atrial O -, O -tracheal O -, O -uterine O -and O -ileal O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -MJ6987 O -- O -1 O -was O -a O -full O -agonist O -, O -being O -some O -30 O -- O -- O -200 O -times O -less O -active O -than O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -at O -beta O -1 O -- O -receptor O -sites O -and O -greater O -than O -3000 O -times O -less O -active O -in O -preparations O -where O -beta O -2 O -- O -receptor O -activation O -was O -involved O -. O - -aps B-category -Variability O -of O -response O -to O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -schizophrenia O -: O -clinical O -, O -pharmacologic O -, O -and O -neuroendocrine O -correlates O -. O - -aps B-category -Elevation O -of O -serum O -B O -- O -12 O -concentration O -should O -always O -raise O -the O -suspicion O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -abuse O -, O -especially O -in O -females O -. O - -aps B-category -Superfusion O -with O -orciprenaline B-Chemical -, O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -( O -beta O -1 O -- O -and O -beta O -2 O -- O -stimulants O -) O -or O -tazolol O -( O -beta O -1 O -- O -stimulant O -) O -led O -to O -a O -concentration O -- O -dependent O -enhancement O -in O -the O -pressor O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tachycardia O -elicited O -by O -the O -hypothalamic O -stimulation O -was O -slightly O -increased O -by O -the O -hypothalamic O -stimulation O -was O -slightly O -increased O -by O -orciprenaline B-Chemical -, O -tazolol O -and O -terbutaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Superfusion O -with O -butoxamine O -prior O -to O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -enhancing O -effect O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -on O -the O -pressor O -response O -, O -while O -superfusion O -with O -atenolol B-Chemical -abolished O -or O -even O -reversed O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypotension O -was O -more O -pronounced O -than O -that O -seen O -after O -an O -acute O -cervical O -transection O -of O -the O -spinal O -cord O -or O -after O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -adrenal O -demedullated O -rats O -substitution O -with O -adrenaline B-Chemical -after O -alpha O -- O -receptor O -blockade O -produced O -tachycardia O -and O -hypotension O -of O -the O -same O -degree O -as O -seen O -in O -intact O -rats O -after O -alpha O -- O -receptor O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -acute O -administration O -of O -phentolamine B-Chemical -or O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -by O -blocking O -alpha O -- O -receptors O -causes O -a O -reflex O -increase O -in O -adrenaline B-Chemical -output O -, O -which O -subsequently O -further O -decreases O -the O -blood O -pressure O -and O -increases O -the O -heart O -frequency O -by O -stimulation O -of O -beta O -- O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -pattern O -of O -the O -autonomic O -nervous O -system O -was O -investigated O -after O -central O -administration O -( O -intra O -- O -cisternal O -, O -vertebral O -artery O -) O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -, O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -fentanyl B-Chemical -, O -dextromoramide O -and O -the O -substance O -R O -28935 O -, O -chemically O -related O -to O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agent O -pimozide O -. O - -aps B-category -Amphetamine B-Chemical -facilitated O -the O -vagally O -mediated O -reflex O -bradycardia O -and O -this O -was O -antagonized O -by O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agent O -piperoxan O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -on O -selected O -lymphocyte O -subpopulations O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -studies O -with O -control O -cells O -were O -performed O -to O -determine O -the O -influence O -of O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -and O -its O -components O -( O -sulfapyridine O -or O -5 O -- O -aminosalicylic O -acid O -) O -on O -the O -extent O -of O -antibody O -- O -dependent O -cellular O -cytotoxicity O -( O -ADCC O -) O -, O -as O -well O -as O -on O -the O -number O -of O -T O -cells O -and O -CRL O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Physiologic O -regulation O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -in O -muscles O -( O -according O -to O -mathematical O -analysis O -of O -experimental O -findings O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -was O -inhibited O -only O -by O -p O -- O -chloromercuribenzoic O -acid O -and O -by O -diethyl O -maleate B-Chemical -and O -methyl O -iodide O -, O -which O -are O -substrates O -for O -GSH O -S O -- O -transferases O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -II O -was O -produced O -from O -I O -in O -incubation O -mixtures O -containing O -9000 O -g O -supernatant O -fraction O -or O -combined O -microsomes O -and O -cytosol O -, O -but O -not O -in O -mixtures O -containing O -microsomes O -or O -cytosol O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -4 O -- O -chloro O -- O -N O -- O -methylaniline O -demethylase O -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -transferase O -, O -and O -4 O -- O -aminobenzoate O -N O -- O -acetyltransferase O -were O -significantly O -decreased O -in O -pneumonectomizd O -animals O -relative O -to O -shamoperated O -controls O -at O -10 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -of O -the O -metabolites O -resulted O -from O -opening O -of O -the O -furan O -ring O -; O -these O -are O -7 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzopyran I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -, O -alpha O -, O -7 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzopyran I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -B O -) O -, O -and O -an O -unknown O -conjugate O -of O -A O -at O -the O -7 O -- O -hydroxy O -position O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -acetylsalicylate B-Chemical -hydrolase O -was O -66 O -, O -400 O -based O -on O -SDS O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -of O -the O -Sephadex O -- O -purified O -enzyme O -and O -59 O -, O -000 O -based O -on O -gel O -filtration O -. O - -aps B-category -Identification O -of O -some O -human O -urinary O -metabolites O -of O -orally O -administered O -potassium B-Chemical -canrenoate O -by O -stable O -isotope O -- O -labeling O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -steroids B-Chemical -in O -urine O -collected O -for O -24 O -hr O -after O -dosage O -were O -isolated O -on O -XAD O -- O -2 O -resin O -, O -and O -purified O -and O -fractionated O -into O -groups O -by O -lipophilic O -gel O -chromatography O -before O -and O -after O -hydrolysis O -of O -conjugates O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -and O -its O -major O -basic O -metabolites O -in O -human O -urine O -by O -high O -- O -performance O -liquid O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -10 O -- O -Hydroxylated O -metabolites O -are O -analyzed O -as O -their O -10 O -, O -11 O -- O -dehydro O -analogs O -, O -and O -primary O -and O -secondary O -amines B-Chemical -as O -their O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trifluoroacetyl I-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -administration O -of O -a O -single O -oral O -dose O -( O -25 O -mg O -) O -of O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -to O -two O -human O -subjects O -, O -no O -unchanged O -drug O -was O -found O -in O -any O -of O -the O -urine O -samples O -analyzed O -up O -to O -72 O -hr O -after O -dosing O -, O -and O -only O -small O -amounts O -of O -nortriptyline B-Chemical -and O -desmethylnortriptyline O -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -isoniazid B-Chemical -with O -its O -hepatotoxic O -metabolite O -acetylhydrazine O -has O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -, O -however O -, O -coadministered O -isoniazid B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -acetylation O -to O -diacetylhydrazine O -and O -concomitantly O -increased O -the O -microsomal O -metabolism O -of O -14C O -- O -acetylhydrazine O -to O -a O -reactive O -intermediate O -which O -covalently O -bound O -to O -liver O -macromolecules O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -desmethylimipramine B-Chemical -, O -and O -SKF O -525 O -- O -A O -on O -the O -disposition O -of O -levo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methadone I-Chemical -in O -mice O -after O -single O -or O -double O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenytoin B-Chemical -, O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -, O -ephedrine B-Chemical -and O -rifampicin B-Chemical -accelerate O -the O -metabolism O -of O -glucocorticoids O -thereby O -decreasing O -their O -biological O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Models O -of O -neuroendocrine O -regulation O -: O -use O -of O -monosodium B-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -as O -an O -investigational O -tool O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolactin O -levels O -were O -elevated O -in O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -male O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -neurotransmitters O -and O -neurotransmitter O -- O -related O -enzymes O -in O -individual O -hypothalamic O -nuclei O -derived O -from O -MSG O -- O -treated O -rats O -revealed O -normal O -levels O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -, O -but O -reduced O -levels O -of O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -arcuate O -nucleus O -and O -median O -eminence O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -MSG O -- O -treated O -animals O -exhibited O -a O -normal O -diurnal O -rhythm O -of O -pineal O -serotonin B-Chemical -N O -- O -acetyltransferase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -noninnervated O -optic O -lobe O -had O -a O -normal O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -but O -a O -depressed O -ability O -to O -accumulate O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -from O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -clinical O -observations O -and O -animal O -pharmacology O -, O -the O -hypothesis O -of O -two O -types O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -may O -be O -considered O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -( O -" O -bipolars O -" O -) O -would O -be O -stimulating O -at O -a O -low O -dosage O -and O -sedatives O -at O -a O -high O -dosage O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Loxapine O -succinate O -: O -a O -new O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Used O -in O -28 O -chronic O -schizophrenics O -, O -19 O -of O -which O -were O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -resistent O -patients O -, O -the O -parenteral O -route O -proved O -to O -be O -anti O -- O -psychotic O -and O -sedative O -in O -26 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -paper O -summarizes O -the O -presentations O -made O -during O -the O -Lucca O -symposium O -( O -1 O -- O -3 O -October O -, O -1977 O -) O -on O -long O -- O -acting O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -mechanism O -of O -impaired O -in O -vitro O -generation O -of O -3 O -, O -5 O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -triiodothyronine O -from O -thyroxine B-Chemical -in O -the O -livers O -of O -hypothyroid O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -pH O -on O -coenzyme O -binding O -to O -liver O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aromatic O -proton O -resonances O -in O -the O -360 O -- O -MHz O -1H O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -( O -NMR O -) O -spectrum O -of O -bovine O -pancreatic O -ribonuclease O -were O -divided O -into O -histidine O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -phenylalanine O -resonances O -by O -means O -of O -pH O -titrations O -and O -double O -resonance O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -kinetic O -analysis O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -nucleotide B-Chemical -and O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -on O -the O -production O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -is O -described O -for O -the O -purification O -of O -a O -form O -of O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arabinoheptulosonate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthase O -( O -tryptophan B-Chemical -) O -that O -probably O -differs O -from O -that O -of O -the O -native O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -substrates O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -and O -erythrose O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -the O -product O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -can O -protect O -the O -purified O -enzyme O -against O -heat O -denaturation O -, O -whereas O -the O -inhibitor O -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -, O -has O -no O -effect O -, O -although O -it O -binds O -to O -the O -enzyme O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -other O -ligands O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -has O -an O -activity O -optimum O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -3 O -and O -a O -tryptophan B-Chemical -inhibition O -optimum O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -4 O -, O -Trp O -0 O -. O -5 O -is O -4 O -microM O -. O - -aps B-category -Structure O -of O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -transhydrogenase O -from O -Azotobacter O -vinelandii O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -shows O -that O -transhydrogenase O -consists O -of O -a O -single O -polypeptide O -chain O -of O -molecular O -weight O -( O -54 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -) O -X O -10 O -( O -3 O -) O -it O -follows O -that O -the O -depolymerized O -enzyme O -has O -an O -octameric O -quaternary O -structure O -. O - -aps B-category -Mouse O -- O -liver O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -facile O -procedure O -for O -the O -synthesis O -of O -8 O -- O -( O -6 O -- O -aminohexyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -' O -- B-Chemical -phospho I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -diphosphoribose O -is O -also O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -catalytic O -properties O -of O -mouse O -liver O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -have O -been O -studied O -under O -a O -variety O -of O -experimental O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -mouse O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -or O -NADH O -, O -but O -not O -NADP O -+ O -or O -NAD O -+ O -, O -produced O -an O -almost O -complete O -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidized B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -protected O -the O -enzyme O -against O -inactivation O -, O -which O -could O -also O -be O -reversed O -by O -GSSG B-Chemical -or O -other O -electron O -acceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inactive O -enzyme O -showed O -the O -same O -molecular O -weight O -as O -the O -active O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proton O -- O -translocating O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -of O -the O -obligately O -anaerobic O -bacterium O -Clostridium O -pasteurianum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proton O -- O -translocating O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -of O -the O -obligately O -anaerobic O -bacterium O -Clostridium O -pasteurianum O -. O - -aps B-category -Alkylation O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -17 O -beta O -- O -dehydrogenase O -from O -human O -placenta O -with O -3 O -- O -chloroacetylpyridine O -- O -- O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -dependence O -of O -the O -rate O -of O -inactivation O -, O -in O -combination O -with O -determination O -of O -the O -number O -of O -reactive O -cysteine B-Chemical -residues O -, O -pointed O -to O -the O -alkylation O -of O -one O -cysteine B-Chemical -residue O -/ O -subunit O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -changes O -in O -the O -affinity O -of O -hemoglobin O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -were O -dependent O -upon O -the O -partial O -pressure O -of O -butene O -and O -evoked O -a O -saturating O -mechanism O -of O -the O -binding O -site O -( O -s O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -postulated O -that O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -binding O -site O -may O -be O -located O -at O -the O -alpha O -1 O -beta O -2 O -interface O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -conjugation O -rate O -, O -high O -for O -glafenine O -, O -its O -phenol B-Chemical -homologue O -and O -glafenic O -acid O -, O -is O -low O -for O -hydroxyglafenic O -acid O -and O -the O -N O -- O -oxide O -. O - -aps B-category -administration O -of O -water O -soluble O -lysine O -salt B-Chemical -of O -Alclofenac O -were O -analysed O -by O -the O -techniques O -suggested O -by O -Niebergall O -, O -Wagner O -, O -Martin O -and O -Cummings O -. O - -aps B-category -Nigral O -tissue O -accumulated O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -by O -an O -energy O -- O -, O -temperature O -- O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -mechanism O -; O -the O -transport O -process O -was O -inhibited O -by O -small O -neutral O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -had O -an O -apparent O -Km O -of O -143 O -microM O -and O -Vmax O -of O -787 O -nmol O -/ O -g O -/ O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Intranigral O -kainate B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -25 O -microgram O -) O -lowered O -the O -levels O -of O -striatal O -DA O -( O -63 O -% O -) O -and O -nigral O -GABA B-Chemical -( O -25 O -% O -) O -ipsilaterally O -, O -but O -not O -nigral O -glycine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -evidence O -for O -glycine B-Chemical -as O -a O -neurotransmitter O -in O -SN O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -between O -estrogen B-Chemical -and O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -initiation O -of O -ovum O -implantation O -in O -the O -rat O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -involve O -both O -H1 O -- O -and O -H2 O -- O -receptors O -and O -to O -be O -inhibited O -by O -treatment O -with O -a O -combination O -of O -mepyramine O -and O -metiamide O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -the O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -on O -the O -implantation O -response O -to O -exogenous O -estradiol B-Chemical -was O -due O -to O -increased O -uterine O -blood O -flow O -and O -/ O -or O -estrogen B-Chemical -uptake O -but O -that O -such O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -effects O -were O -not O -essential O -for O -blastocyst O -attachment O -during O -normal O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -showed O -that O -histamine B-Chemical -augments O -the O -implantation O -response O -to O -suboptimal O -doses O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -in O -experimentally O -induced O -delayed O -implantation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -histamine B-Chemical -effect O -on O -the O -implantation O -response O -may O -be O -due O -in O -part O -to O -increased O -availability O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -and O -in O -part O -to O -increased O -uptake O -and O -retention O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clonidine B-Chemical -mydriasis O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -- O -- O -30 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -phentolamine B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -both O -phentolamine B-Chemical -and O -phenoxybenzamine O -blocked O -the O -pupillary O -dilation O -produced O -by O -epinephrine B-Chemical -while O -yohimbine B-Chemical -pretreatment O -resulted O -in O -no O -antagonism O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -mydriasis O -. O - -aps B-category -Closed O -- O -circuit O -television O -microscopy O -was O -used O -to O -measure O -in O -vivo O -small O -artery O -( O -75 O -- O -- O -140 O -microns O -) O -and O -vein O -( O -105 O -- O -- O -230 O -microns O -) O -diameters O -to O -determine O -if O -changes O -in O -tissue O -PCO2 O -and O -/ O -or O -pH O -would O -alter O -the O -microvascular O -responses O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cremaster O -muscle O -with O -intact O -circulation O -and O -innervation O -was O -suspended O -by O -sutures O -in O -a O -60 O -- O -ml O -bath O -which O -contained O -a O -modified O -Krebs O -solution O -( O -31 O -degrees O -C O -) O -that O -was O -buffered O -by O -Tris O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -artery O -sensitivity O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -lower O -for O -group O -4 O -when O -compared O -to O -groups O -1 O -, O -2 O -and O -3 O -, O -but O -there O -was O -no O -effect O -on O -small O -vein O -sensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -behaviour O -during O -one O -year O -' O -s O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Initial O -inhibition O -of O -stereotypy O -induced O -by O -s O -. O -c O -. O -apomorphine B-Chemical -also O -disappeared O -by O -3 O -months O -to O -be O -replaced O -by O -an O -enhanc O -- O -d O -stereotypy O -response O -after O -6 O -and O -12 O -months O -' O -drug O -intake O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -demonstrate O -a O -reversal O -of O -the O -initial O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -- O -blocking O -properties O -of O -trifluoperazine O -or O -thioridazine B-Chemical -to O -be O -replaced O -by O -an O -enhanced O -response O -of O -cerebral O -dopamine B-Chemical -systems O -while O -animals O -were O -still O -continuously O -receiving O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -intracutaneous O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -12 O -) O -and O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -11 O -) O -mol O -) O -was O -examined O -on O -the O -oedema O -( O -Evans O -blue O -dye O -leakage O -) O -response O -of O -rats O -to O -several O -inflammatory O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenaline B-Chemical -was O -more O -effective O -than O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -in O -reducing O -oedema O -produced O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5HT O -) O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -by O -agents O -which O -release O -these O -amines B-Chemical -( O -compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -, O -dextran B-Chemical -and O -antigen O -challenge O -with O -egg O -albumin O -in O -sensitized O -rats O -) O -, O -but O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -was O -more O -potent O -against O -bradykinin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -oedema O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -the O -oedema O -- O -inhibiting O -effect O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -is O -due O -to O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -mediated O -actions O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -the O -NADP O -- O -linked O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Trypanosoma O -cruzi O -by O -silver B-Chemical -nitrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -was O -reversed O -by O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -, O -and O -was O -modified O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -substrates O -during O -preincubation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -with O -the O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -experiments O -on O -rats O -injection O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -levopromazine O -at O -growing O -doses O -( O -1 O -- O -- O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -resulted O -in O -inhibition O -of O -the O -orienting O -- O -motor O -activity O -and O -catalepsy O -accompanied O -by O -accumulation O -of O -homovanilinic O -acid O -( O -HVA O -) O -in O -the O -forebrain O -. O - -aps B-category -Combined O -injection O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -probenecid O -potentiated O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -and O -led O -to O -a O -much O -higher O -level O -of O -HVA O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -suppressed O -head O -twitching O -( O -HT O -) O -in O -mice O -, O -provoked O -by O -d O -, O -1 O -- O -5 O -- O -hydroxytryptophane O -( O -200 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -in O -doses O -starting O -from O -0 O -. O -00025 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -( O -spiroperidol O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -HT O -was O -significantly O -attenuated O -by O -clonidine B-Chemical -in O -doses O -from O -0 O -. O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -whereas O -by O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -and O -naphthizine O -, O -injected O -into O -the O -brain O -ventricles O -, O -in O -doses O -of O -1 O -microgram O -, O -and O -0 O -. O -025 O -microgram O -per O -mouse O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -partial O -protection O -of O -the O -adrenergic O -( O -but O -not O -the O -dopaminergic O -) O -neurons O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -desipramine B-Chemical -or O -similar O -drug O -AW O -15 O -, O -1129 O -eliminated O -the O -protective O -effect O -of O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Transient O -opening O -of O -brush O -border O -membrane O -vesicles O -in O -alkaline O -media O -: O -preservation O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -transport O -after O -removal O -of O -extrinsic O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -reward O -pathways O -and O -schizophrenia O -: O -the O -mechanism O -of O -the O -antipsychotic O -effect O -and O -the O -site O -of O -the O -primary O -disturbance O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -neurons O -function O -as O -a O -system O -for O -energizing O -the O -organism O -' O -s O -responses O -and O -directing O -them O -toward O -significant O -environmental O -stimuli O -, O -but O -the O -functions O -of O -the O -locus O -ceruleus O -system O -remain O -obscure O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -from O -postmortem O -studies O -suggests O -that O -, O -at O -least O -in O -the O -chronic O -state O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -turnover O -is O -not O -increased O -, O -but O -that O -there O -may O -be O -an O -increase O -in O -postsynaptic O -receptor O -density O -in O -some O -cases O -, O -including O -some O -patients O -who O -apparently O -had O -not O -received O -medication O -in O -the O -year O -before O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -red O -cell O -oxygen B-Chemical -release O -capacity O -in O -diabetes O -mellitus O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -result O -frequent O -increases O -in O -hemoglobin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxygen I-Chemical -affinity O -are O -produced O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Technology O -of O -preparing O -stable O -eyedrops O -of O -fetanol O -and O -its O -combination O -with O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -the O -enzymic O -degradation O -of O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hormone I-Chemical -( O -TRH O -) O -and O -pseudo O -- O -hormone O -( O -pyroglutamyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -histidyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -) O -by O -calf O -liver O -pyroglutamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -peptidase I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -report O -presents O -a O -review O -of O -tumors O -, O -except O -those O -of O -pituitary O -, O -that O -have O -been O -reported O -to O -occur O -in O -women O -taking O -combined O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -perforation O -of O -the O -uterine O -fundus O -ranges O -from O -1 O -: O -1000 O -to O -1 O -: O -2500 O -insertions O -, O -while O -that O -of O -cervical O -perforation O -with O -the O -copper B-Chemical -devices O -ranges O -from O -1 O -: O -600 O -to O -1 O -: O -1000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -evolution O -of O -postcoital O -contraception O -has O -led O -to O -the O -development O -of O -emergency O -measures O -to O -be O -used O -following O -a O -single O -unprotected O -act O -of O -intercourse O -and O -to O -ongoing O -methods O -, O -such O -as O -the O -administration O -of O -a O -contraceptive O -steroid B-Chemical -agent O -following O -every O -coital O -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -Recently O -, O -a O -combination O -of O -an O -estrogen B-Chemical -and O -a O -progestin O -has O -been O -employed O -for O -the O -same O -purpose O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -basis O -for O -the O -selection O -of O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -As O -the O -overall O -effect O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -is O -one O -of O -increased O -protein O -synthesis O -, O -there O -is O -a O -reduction O -in O -the O -amount O -of O -plasma O -- O -free O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -in O -the O -pattern O -of O -distribution O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -are O -due O -primarily O -to O -increases O -in O -several O -lipoprotein O -fractions O -and O -are O -related O -mainly O -to O -the O -estrogen B-Chemical -component O -. O - -aps B-category -Endocrine O -effects O -of O -oral B-Chemical -contraception I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Benefits O -from O -OC O -use O -include O -marked O -decreases O -in O -the O -incidence O -of O -menorrhagia O -, O -benign O -breast O -disease O -, O -dysmenorrhea O -, O -iron B-Chemical -deficiency O -anemia O -, O -premenstrual O -tension O -and O -ovarian O -cyst O -formation O -- O -- O -all O -of O -which O -will O -be O -discussed O -only O -briefly O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -brief O -outline O -is O -given O -of O -alterations O -in O -the O -normal O -physiology O -caused O -by O -cigarette O -smoking B-Chemical -, O -aging O -and O -taking O -combined O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -pills O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -contraceptive O -pill O -has O -a O -unique O -profile O -of O -activity O -which O -is O -dependent O -upon O -both O -the O -dosage O -and O -type O -of O -progestogen O -and O -estrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Advantages O -and O -disadvantages O -of O -low O -- O -dose O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Contemporary O -" O -low O -- O -dose O -" O -varieties O -are O -those O -containing O -less O -than O -50 O -micrograms O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -formation O -of O -several O -steroids B-Chemical -was O -determined O -in O -vitro O -in O -adrenals O -removed O -from O -18 O -female O -and O -six O -male O -fetuses O -of O -113 O -- O -115 O -days O -' O -gestation O -and O -in O -two O -female O -and O -two O -male O -fetuses O -at O -near O -term O -( O -137 O -- O -143 O -days O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Protein O -and O -corticosterone B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -determined O -by O -chromophore O -absorption O -and O -acid O -hydrolysis O -fluorescence O -methods O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholesterol B-Chemical -formation O -was O -significantly O -higher O -in O -female O -( O -0 O -. O -103 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -079 O -muM O -/ O -mg O -protein O -) O -than O -in O -male O -( O -0 O -. O -044 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -011 O -muM O -/ O -mg O -protein O -) O -adrenals O -at O -both O -stages O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relevance O -of O -these O -findings O -to O -better O -survival O -of O -female O -premature O -newborns O -from O -respiratory O -distress O -syndrome O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -male O -, O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -explanation O -for O -the O -observed O -mortality O -trend O -is O -not O -apparent O -, O -but O -is O -unlikely O -to O -be O -the O -result O -of O -improved O -nutritional O -status O -of O -the O -population O -alone O -, O -or O -because O -of O -treatment O -of O -severe O -hepatitis O -with O -adrenal O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -intravenous O -human O -chorionic O -gonadotropin O -administration O -, O -the O -only O -response O -seen O -was O -a O -slight O -rise O -in O -ovarian O -levels O -of O -delta O -4A O -and O -DHEA B-Chemical -; O -after O -intravenous O -adrenocorticotropic O -hormone O -stimulation O -, O -the O -adrenal O -levels O -of O -delta O -4A O -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -DHEA B-Chemical -rose O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -Microadministration O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -during O -labor O -and O -delivery O -of O -Nigerian O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -Euhypnos O -Forte O -( O -temazepam B-Chemical -) O -in O -insomniac O -patients O -: O -a O -clinical O -trial O -in O -general O -practice O -. O - -aps B-category -Euhypnos O -Forte O -( O -temazepam B-Chemical -) O -for O -resistant O -insomnia O -: O -a O -clinical O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -Out O -of O -the O -remaining O -fifty O -- O -one O -patients O -, O -thirty O -- O -five O -were O -best O -suited O -by O -40 O -mg O -and O -sixteen O -by O -60 O -mg O -of O -temazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Loss O -of O -TAT O -induction O -by O -steroid B-Chemical -was O -accompanied O -by O -loss O -of O -TAT O -induction O -by O -dBcAMP O -and O -of O -PDE O -suppression O -by O -steroid B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -origins O -of O -unconjugated O -bilirubin B-Chemical -in O -bile O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -it O -was O -suggested O -that O -enzymatic O -and O -nonenzymatic O -hydrolysis O -contributes O -to O -the O -existence O -of O -unconjugated O -bilirubin B-Chemical -in O -bile O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonists O -on O -ion O -transport O -by O -isolated O -ileum O -of O -the O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -2 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -mol O -kg O -- O -1 O -min O -- O -1 O -( O -30 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -hr O -- O -1 O -) O -and O -1 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -mol O -kg O -- O -1 O -min O -- O -1 O -( O -150 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -hr O -- O -1 O -) O -significantly O -reduced O -gastric O -hemorrhage O -whether O -given O -prophylactically O -before O -gastric O -injury O -or O -therapeutically O -after O -completion O -of O -gastric O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fate O -and O -neutralizing O -efficiency O -of O -oral O -antacids O -( O -aluminum B-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -hydroxides O -) O -as O -well O -as O -their O -effect O -on O -postprandial O -gastric O -function O -were O -quantified O -in O -6 O -patients O -with O -duodenal O -ulcer O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -show O -that O -: O -( O -a O -) O -antacid O -therapy O -with O -aluminum B-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -hydroxides O -significantly O -increases O -gastric O -secretion O -; O -( O -b O -) O -intragastric O -neutralization O -of O -gastric O -acid O -produces O -a O -significant O -and O -substantial O -decrease O -in O -net O -acid O -output O -( O -acid O -secreted O -minus O -acid O -neutralized O -) O -, O -but O -the O -beneficial O -effects O -of O -neutralization O -are O -partially O -offset O -by O -incomplete O -intragastric O -formation O -of O -aluminum B-Chemical -trichloride O -; O -( O -c O -) O -most O -but O -not O -all O -of O -the O -ingested O -antacid O -is O -utilized O -in O -acid O -neutralization O -in O -the O -stomach O -( O -average O -78 O -. O -6 O -% O -in O -our O -6 O -patients O -) O -; O -and O -( O -d O -) O -antacid O -therapy O -does O -not O -modify O -the O -absolute O -rate O -of O -postprandial O -gastric O -emptying O -, O -but O -increases O -dilution O -of O -gastric O -contents O -, O -expanding O -the O -intragastric O -volume O -. O - -aps B-category -Physical O -state O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -the O -ganglia O -and O -nerve O -endings O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -upon O -gastric O -emptying O -. O - -aps B-category -Meal O -A O -, O -which O -contained O -80 O -ml O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -emptied O -more O -rapidly O -than O -meal O -B O -, O -which O -contained O -40 O -ml O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -63 O -. O -3 O -g O -dextrose B-Chemical -; O -and O -meal O -B O -emptied O -more O -rapidly O -than O -meal O -C O -, O -which O -contained O -126 O -. O -6 O -g O -dextrose B-Chemical -but O -no O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -the O -duodenal O -osmoreceptor O -mechanism O -is O -relatively O -insensitive O -to O -ethanol B-Chemical -; O -that O -the O -relationship O -between O -energy O -density O -and O -gastric O -emptying O -rate O -does O -not O -hold O -in O -the O -case O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -; O -and O -that O -the O -gastro O -- O -oesophageal O -reflux O -which O -occurs O -in O -response O -to O -ethanol B-Chemical -is O -not O -due O -to O -impairment O -of O -gastric O -emptying O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -determine O -the O -placental O -clearance O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -in O -sheep O -, O -the O -fetal O -side O -of O -an O -isolated O -cotyledon O -and O -the O -umbilical O -circulation O -of O -the O -total O -placenta O -were O -artificially O -perfused O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -data O -, O -the O -clearance O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -was O -determined O -to O -be O -0 O -. O -9 O -( O -SE O -= O -0 O -. O -2 O -) O -ml O -/ O -h O -/ O -g O -of O -placental O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -fetal O -concentration O -changes O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -due O -to O -placental O -transfer O -occur O -with O -a O -half O -time O -of O -about O -4 O -h O -. O -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -permeability O -of O -the O -syndesmochorial O -placenta O -of O -the O -sheep O -is O -about O -20 O -times O -smaller O -than O -the O -placental O -permeability O -of O -the O -hemochorial O -placenta O -of O -the O -guinea O -pig O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -differences O -in O -organ O -radioactivity O -of O -experimental O -and O -control O -mice O -were O -observed O -when O -some O -uniformly O -labeled O -with O -14C O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -given O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -sputum O -cultures O -are O -very O -limited O -in O -their O -value O -, O -blind O -chemotherapy O -of O -bacterial O -infections O -by O -substances O -like O -tetracycline B-Chemical -, O -ampicilline O -, O -azidocilline O -or O -cotrimoxazole O -is O -allowed O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Clinical O -testing O -and O -presentation O -of O -a O -new O -hypnotic O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -29 O -% O -of O -the O -patients O -with O -known O -prior O -contrast B-Chemical -agent O -incompatibility O -suffered O -from O -anaphylactoid O -symptoms O -mostly O -of O -a O -subjective O -type O -( O -heat O -sensation O -, O -nausea O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Lipogenic O -capacity O -of O -various O -dietary O -carbohydrates O -starch O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -sucrose B-Chemical -and O -lactose O -was O -tested O -during O -ad O -lib O -feeding O -and O -starvation O -followed O -by O -refeeding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -activity O -inducing O -effect O -was O -again O -exhibited O -by O -sucrose B-Chemical -diet O -during O -ad O -lib O -and O -restricted O -refeeding O -followed O -by O -starvation O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -catalase O -( O -500 O -U O -/ O -ml O -) O -to O -the O -granule O -extract O -bactericidal O -system O -did O -not O -protect O -; O -however O -, O -the O -same O -concentration O -of O -catalase O -completely O -inhibited O -the O -bactericidal O -activity O -of O -the O -myeloperoxidase O -- O -Cl O -- O -- O -H2O2 B-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Heat O -- O -labile O -enterotoxin O -( O -LT O -) O -produced O -by O -a O -human O -strain O -of O -enterotoxigenic O -Escherichia O -coli O -( O -286C O -( O -2 O -) O -) O -was O -purified O -to O -homogeneity O -from O -pH O -extracts O -of O -fermentor O -- O -grown O -cells O -by O -ultrafiltration O -, O -( O -NH O -( O -4 O -) O -) O -( O -2 O -) O -SO O -( O -4 O -) O -fractionation O -, O -hydrophobic O -chromatography O -on O -norleucine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Sepharose I-Chemical -4B O -, O -hydroxylapatite O -chromatography O -, O -and O -Bio O -- O -Gel O -P O -- O -150 O -filtration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -purified O -LT O -was O -quite O -different O -from O -that O -of O -cholera O -toxin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -role O -of O -pili O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -urinary O -tract O -infections O -caused O -by O -Klebsiella O -pneumoniae O -was O -studied O -in O -an O -in O -vitro O -mixture O -of O -a O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -buffered I-Chemical -saline O -suspension O -of O -rat O -bladder O -epithelial O -cells O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -buffered I-Chemical -saline O -- O -washed O -K O -. O -pneumoniae O -. O - -aps B-category -CFA O -/ O -I O -is O -a O -polymer O -of O -identical O -subunits O -of O -molecular O -weight O -23 O -, O -800 O -with O -an O -N O -- O -terminal O -valine O -, O -37 O -% O -hydrophobic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -, O -and O -11 O -residues O -of O -proline O -per O -mol O -. O - -aps B-category -administration O -of O -bufuralol O -- O -HCl O -or O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -could O -be O -shown O -that O -Bufuralol O -- O -HCl O -lowered O -the O -diastolic O -BP O -and O -PR O -at O -rest O -already O -in O -the O -acute O -experiment O -, O -contrary O -to O -Propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -product O -of O -the O -reaction O -is O -the O -corresponding O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -epsilon I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -which O -spontaneously O -cyclizes O -to O -the O -internal O -Schiff O -base O -5 O -- O -6 O -- O -dihydro O -- O -delta O -3 O -, O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -thiazin O -- O -3 O -- O -carboxylic O -acid O -( O -TZCA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -ten O -year O -follow O -- O -up O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -flavodoxin O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -P O -- O -450 O -reductase O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -riboflavin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -protein O -of O -hen O -egg O -whites O -binds O -8 O -- O -mercaptoriboflavin O -preferentially O -in O -the O -unionized O -state O -, O -resulting O -in O -a O -shift O -in O -pK O -from O -3 O -. O -8 O -with O -free O -8 O -- O -mercaptoriboflavin O -to O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -9 O -. O -0 O -with O -the O -protein O -- O -bound O -form O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -enzymes O -catalyzed O -the O -transfer O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -from O -ATP O -to O -calf O -thymus O -histone O -H2B O -, O -as O -well O -as O -to O -two O -synthetic O -peptides O -, O -Arg O -- O -Lys O -- O -Arg O -- O -Ser32 O -- O -Arg O -- O -Lys O -- O -Glu O -and O -Arg O -- O -Lys O -- O -Glu O -- O -Ser36 O -- O -Tyr O -- O -Ser O -- O -Val O -, O -corresponding O -to O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequences O -around O -serine O -32 O -and O -serine O -36 O -in O -histone O -H2B O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phosphorylation O -of O -histone O -H2B O -by O -cyclic O -GMP O -- O -dependent O -kinase O -showed O -two O -distinct O -optima O -as O -the O -magnesium B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -although O -the O -two O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -protein O -kinases O -have O -similar O -substrate O -specificities O -, O -the O -determinants O -dictated O -by O -the O -primary O -sequence O -around O -the O -two O -phosphorylation O -sites O -in O -histone O -H2B O -are O -different O -for O -the O -two O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Amino O -acid O -analysis O -indicated O -that O -certain O -acidic O -and O -basic O -polypeptides O -contained O -3 O -to O -6 O -times O -more O -methionine B-Chemical -than O -the O -other O -polypeptides O -. O - -aps B-category -Natural O -abundance O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -13 I-Chemical -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -study O -of O -anthopleurin O -- O -A O -, O -a O -cardiac O -stimulant O -from O -the O -sea O -anemone O -Anthopleura O -xanthogrammica O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -major O -aspect O -of O -the O -change O -is O -that O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -loaded I-Chemical -cells O -, O -essentially O -all O -of O -the O -quinaldine O -red O -accumulated O -as O -the O -result O -of O -energization O -forms O -a O -strong O -bond O -with O -an O -anionic O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Mannitol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -oligosaccharides O -have O -been O -isolated O -from O -a O -rat O -brain O -proteoglycan O -after O -mild O -alkaline O -borohydride O -treatment O -under O -conditions O -which O -prevent O -" O -peeling O -. O -" O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -during O -walking O -was O -measured O -in O -patients O -affected O -by O -chronic O -lesions O -of O -the O -foot O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -low O -electrolyte O -media O -on O -salt B-Chemical -loss O -and O -hemolysis O -of O -mammalian O -red O -blood O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -red O -cells O -of O -the O -rabbit O -, O -newborn O -calf O -, O -adult O -cow O -, O -newborn O -piglet O -, O -adult O -pig O -and O -sheep O -display O -no O -discernible O -increase O -in O -ion O -- O -permeability O -under O -the O -conditions O -alluded O -to O -above O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -osmolarity O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -solution O -affects O -these O -cells O -differently O -in O -that O -as O -the O -osmolarity O -increases O -from O -200 O -- O -- O -500 O -mM O -, O -hemolytic O -rates O -of O -the O -calf O -and O -dog O -reach O -a O -saturation O -near O -300 O -mM O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -the O -hemolytic O -rate O -of O -the O -cat O -decreases O -progressively O -. O - -aps B-category -Abrupt O -discontinuation O -of O -high O -doses O -of O -centrally O -acting O -drugs O -such O -as O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyldopa I-Chemical -, O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -and O -guanabenz O -can O -produce O -a O -syndrome O -of O -sympathetic O -overactivity O -that O -includes O -agitation O -, O -headache O -, O -sweating O -, O -and O -nausea O -and O -less O -commonly O -can O -provoke O -rapid O -upswings O -in O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -compares O -a O -sequential O -test O -of O -a O -beta O -mimetic O -drug O -( O -ritodrine B-Chemical -) O -and O -an O -alpha O -inhibitor O -( O -ifenoprodil O -) O -to O -show O -that O -the O -beta O -mimetic O -drug O -is O -superior O -in O -treating O -threatened O -premature O -labour O -, O -because O -it O -has O -a O -success O -rate O -of O -90 O -per O -cent O -whereas O -the O -second O -has O -a O -success O -rate O -of O -45 O -per O -cent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -to O -anti O -- O -allotype O -( O -anti O -- O -Ab4 O -) O -, O -Nocardia O -Water O -Soluble O -Mitogen O -( O -NWSM O -) O -, O -pneumococcal O -polysaccharide O -type O -III O -( O -SSS O -III O -) O -, O -and O -human O -Fc O -fragments O -of O -various O -purified O -and O -unfractionated O -rabbit O -spleen O -cell O -populations O -was O -determined O -in O -terms O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -up O -- O -take O -. O - -aps B-category -Activity O -is O -lost O -in O -alkali B-Chemical -or O -by O -boiling O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -system O -contained O -the O -labeled O -acid O -, O -an O -acyl O -- O -CoA O -- O -generating O -system O -, O -an O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -generating I-Chemical -system O -, O -and O -tumor O -homogenate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -the O -fatty O -alcohol B-Chemical -product O -, O -a O -small O -amount O -of O -fatty O -aldehyde B-Chemical -was O -formed O -in O -the O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -[ O -1 O -- O -( O -14 O -) O -C O -] O -palmitic O -acid O -yielded O -3 O -. O -4 O -% O -free O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -8 O -. O -3 O -% O -alcohol B-Chemical -esterified O -in O -waxes O -, O -and O -7 O -. O -7 O -% O -palmitoyl O -groups O -esterified O -into O -waxes O -, O -whereas O -, O -at O -the O -other O -extreme O -, O -[ O -1 O -- O -( O -14 O -) O -C O -] O -linolenic O -acid O -yielded O -0 O -. O -8 O -% O -, O -0 O -. O -6 O -% O -, O -and O -38 O -% O -, O -respectively O -, O -into O -the O -homologous O -components O -. O -- O -Wykle O -, O -R O -. O -L O -. O -, O -B O -. O -Malone O -, O -and O -F O -. O -Snyder O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -added O -to O -a O -tris O -- O -HCl O -buffer O -/ O -salt B-Chemical -mixture O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -phosphate B-Chemical -ion O -, O -increased O -osmolarity O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -exclusion O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -reduced O -enzyme O -leakage O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -higher O -concentrations O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -and O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -M O -Ca2 O -+ O -) O -, O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -( O -CK O -) O -efflux O -was O -significantly O -altered O -in O -a O -time O -dependent O -fashion O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -possible O -mode O -of O -action O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -in O -neurotransmission O -and O -brain O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -. O -a O -functional O -equivalence O -of O -presynaptic O -stimulation O -and O -subsynaptic O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -action O -can O -be O -demonstrated O -, O -6 O -. O -the O -transmission O -is O -terminated O -by O -a O -retrieval O -mechanism O -. O -- O -- O -On O -the O -basis O -of O -this O -transmitter O -concept O -brain O -dysfunctions O -as O -described O -in O -the O -literature O -are O -discussed O -in O -the O -light O -of O -results O -obtained O -using O -in O -vitro O -techniques O -with O -isolated O -synaptic O -structures O -. O - -aps B-category -Tryptophan O -- O -5 O -- O -hydroxylase O -, O -the O -rate O -- O -limiting O -enzyme O -in O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -synthesis O -, O -is O -inhibited O -in O -hypoxia O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -1 O -- O -aminoadamantanes O -enhance O -the O -electrically O -stimulated O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -DA O -release O -from O -nerve O -endings O -spatial O -shifts O -of O -transmitter O -substances O -within O -the O -synaptic O -area O -as O -well O -as O -direct O -receptor O -stimulation O -by O -the O -drugs O -may O -be O -the O -cause O -for O -the O -ameliorating O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Tyrosine O -( O -Tyr O -) O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -( O -Trp O -) O -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -5 O -- O -hydroxyindole O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -) O -were O -assayed O -spectrofluorometrically O -and O -radioenzymatically O -in O -various O -regions O -of O -post O -- O -mortem O -brains O -of O -human O -patients O -with O -hepatic O -, O -uremic O -, O -and O -diabetic O -coma O -, O -liver O -cirrhosis O -without O -coma O -, O -and O -hepatic O -coma O -treated O -with O -parenteral O -administration O -of O -L O -- O -valine O -, O -a O -branched O -- O -chain O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -were O -not O -significantly O -changed O -in O -non O -- O -comatose O -cirrhosis O -, O -while O -a O -general O -increase O -with O -prevalence O -for O -the O -brainstem O -was O -obvious O -in O -all O -types O -of O -metabolic O -coma O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -in O -human O -post O -- O -mortem O -brains O -confirm O -previous O -CSF O -and O -brain O -findings O -in O -experimental O -and O -human O -hepatic O -and O -uremic O -encephalopathies O -, O -indicating O -derangement O -of O -brain O -monoamine O -neurotransmitter O -metabolism O -which O -is O -attributed O -to O -imbalance O -of O -aromatic O -and O -branched O -- O -chain O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -plasma O -and O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -improvement O -of O -hepatic O -encephalopathy O -and O -of O -the O -underlying O -neurotransmitter O -derangements O -by O -administration O -of O -L O -- O -valine O -and O -the O -possible O -role O -of O -this O -competitive O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -on O -intermediary O -metabolism O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -detoxification O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Senile O -brain O -atrophy O -showed O -no O -definite O -changes O -in O -brain O -, O -except O -the O -striatum O -, O -and O -adrenomedullary O -TH O -, O -while O -in O -one O -case O -of O -hypertensive O -encephalopathy O -due O -to O -long O -- O -term O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -treatment O -normal O -TH O -activity O -in O -the O -adrenal O -medulla O -was O -opposed O -by O -decreased O -striatal O -TH O -activity O -, O -probably O -due O -to O -cerebral O -ischemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -these O -changes O -, O -decreased O -concentration O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -serotinin O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -were O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -recent O -and O -older O -strokes O -a O -total O -depletion O -of O -DA O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -in O -the O -necrotic O -tissue O -was O -associated O -with O -mild O -reduction O -of O -these O -compounds O -in O -remote O -non O -- O -ischemic O -areas O -of O -the O -injured O -, O -and O -less O -of O -the O -contralateral O -cerebral O -hemispheres O -. O - -aps B-category -Marked O -elevation O -of O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -precursor O -TRP O -and O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -was O -present O -in O -both O -the O -necrotic O -center O -and O -perifocal O -edema O -of O -acute O -infarcts O -, O -which O -also O -showed O -a O -mild O -reduction O -of O -total O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -which O -confirm O -previous O -studies O -in O -experimental O -cerebral O -ischemia O -and O -stroke O -indicate O -that O -disorders O -in O -the O -metabolism O -of O -brain O -monoamines B-Chemical -and O -other O -putative O -neurotransmitters O -contribute O -to O -the O -development O -of O -postischemic O -brain O -damage O -and O -the O -complicating O -cerebral O -edema O -. O - -aps B-category -Comment O -on O -the O -methodology O -for O -separating O -and O -determining O -free O -and O -albumin O -- O -bound O -tryptophan B-Chemical -levels O -in O -blood O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurons O -that O -emit O -signals O -by O -releasing O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -or O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -participate O -in O -the O -control O -of O -a O -number O -of O -bodily O -functions O -and O -behaviors O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -hunger O -, O -food O -choice O -, O -sleep O -, O -alertness O -, O -sensitivity O -to O -environmental O -stimuli O -and O -disease O -states O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -carbohydrate O -consumption O -, O -which O -- O -- O -by O -altering O -plasma O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -levels O -accelerates O -brain O -serotonin B-Chemical -synthesis O -- O -- O -enhances O -the O -release O -of O -a O -transmitter O -( O -serotonin B-Chemical -) O -that O -tends O -to O -diminish O -the O -animal O -' O -s O -desire O -to O -consume O -carbohydrates O -. O - -aps B-category -Iontophoretic O -application O -of O -putative O -neurotransmitter O -substances O -revealed O -the O -presence O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptors O -( O -AChR O -) O -on O -both O -embryonic O -and O -postnatal O -SCGN O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -responses O -were O -detected O -when O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -cAMP B-Chemical -, O -substance O -P O -, O -or O -dopamine B-Chemical -were O -applied O -to O -the O -SCGN O -of O -either O -age O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -high O -performance O -liquid O -chromatographic O -assay O -of O -cis O -- O -and O -trans O -- O -isomers O -of O -tricyclic O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -is O -applicable O -to O -the O -analysis O -of O -flupenthixol O -, O -clopenthixol O -, O -chlorprothixene O -, O -doxepin O -and O -dothiepin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -, O -phenobartitone O -, O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -, O -amphetamine B-Chemical -, O -imipramine B-Chemical -and O -propoxyphene O -have O -been O -tritiated O -using O -tritiated O -water O -and O -platinum B-Chemical -catalyst O -( O -from O -the O -dioxide O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -borohydride O -) O -, O -and O -the O -pattern O -of O -labelling O -has O -been O -ascertained O -by O -3H O -n O -. O -m O -. O -r O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -imipramine B-Chemical -where O -incoroporation O -of O -tritium O -was O -low O -, O -an O -alternative O -acid O -- O -catalysed O -procedure O -was O -satisfactory O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -plasma O -concentration O -of O -6 O -- O -oxo O -- O -PGF1 O -alpha O -was O -measured O -by O -radioimmunoassay O -after O -constant O -rate O -infusion O -of O -6 O -- O -oxo O -- O -PGF1 O -alpha O -or O -prostacyclin B-Chemical -( O -PGI2 B-Chemical -) O -into O -anaesthetized O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -presented O -suggest O -that O -PGI2 B-Chemical -and O -6 O -- O -oxo O -- O -PGF1 O -alpha O -are O -eliminated O -more O -slowly O -than O -PGF2 B-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -, O -probably O -because O -they O -are O -not O -taken O -up O -and O -metabolized O -in O -the O -lungs O -as O -rapidly O -as O -PGF2 B-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -taurine O -on O -potassium B-Chemical -( O -30 O -mM O -) O -, O -veratrine O -( O -10 O -micrograms O -ml O -- O -1 O -) O -and O -ouabain B-Chemical -( O -100 O -microM O -) O -induced O -release O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -GABA I-Chemical -from O -superfused O -slices O -of O -rat O -brain O -cerebral O -cortex O -had O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -on O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -rat O -white O -adipose O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethanol O -( O -3 O -% O -) O -inhibited O -the O -stimulatory O -effect O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -on O -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -whereas O -it O -failed O -to O -inhibit O -the O -effect O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -on O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -also O -restored O -the O -effect O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -inhibited O -by O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -ethanol B-Chemical -modifies O -the O -coupling O -of O -the O -adrenoceptor O -to O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -transport O -system O -in O -adipose O -tissue O -that O -is O -stimulated O -by O -adrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absorption O -, O -tissue O -distribution O -and O -excretion O -of O -[ O -17C O -] O -metronidazole B-Chemical -( O -14C O -- O -MTZ O -) O -were O -compared O -during O -the O -first O -4 O -h O -after O -administration O -of O -10 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -of O -14C O -- O -MTZ O -either O -orally O -or O -intravaginally O -( O -i O -. O -v O -. O -g O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Factors O -underlying O -the O -variable O -inotropic O -effect O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -on O -isolated O -rat O -atria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -scopolamine B-Chemical -for O -the O -estimation O -of O -the O -central O -antiacetylcholine O -properties O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -changes O -after O -long O -- O -term O -haloperidol B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Gastric O -relaxation O -by O -apomorphine B-Chemical -and O -ATP O -in O -the O -conscious O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Distinction O -between O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -and O -prostacyclin B-Chemical -as O -inhibitors O -of O -granulmoatous O -inflammation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potassium B-Chemical -ion O -selective O -electrode O -as O -a O -tetraphenylborate O -sensor O -for O -quaternary B-Chemical -ammonium I-Chemical -salts O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -it O -did O -not O -depress O -contactile O -force O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -on O -the O -physostigmine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -behavioral O -syndrome O -and O -plasma O -cyclic O -GMP O -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -= O -g O -; O -icpsodase O -, O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -beta O -- O -glucosaminidase O -, O -cathepsin O -A O -and O -peptidase O -I O -and O -III O -, O -with O -optimum O -pH O -between O -5 O -. O -0 O -and O -6 O -. O -0 O -; O -and O -arylsulfatase O -, O -cathepsin O -D O -, O -alpha O -- O -arabinase O -and O -alpha O -- O -mannosidase O -with O -optimum O -pH O -at O -approximately O -4 O -. O -0 O -. O -alpha O -- O -Glucosidase O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphatase I-Chemical -and O -peptidase O -II O -had O -optimum O -pH O -at O -approximately O -7 O -. O -0 O -. O -beta O -- O -Glycerophosphatase O -had O -a O -broad O -pH O -- O -activity O -curve O -from O -4 O -, O -0 O -to O -7 O -. O -4 O -, O -with O -maximum O -activity O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -decanaldehyde I-Chemical -adduct O -as O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -beef O -brain O -NADP O -- O -linked O -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -Conformational O -analogues O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -neither O -of O -the O -compounds O -possessed O -dopaminergic O -activity O -in O -the O -canine O -renal O -blood O -- O -flow O -model O -, O -both O -agents O -were O -weak O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -agonists O -and O -exhibited O -cardiostimulatory O -properties O -similar O -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enantiomers O -of O -2 O -- O -[ O -[ O -[ O -2 O -- O -( O -2 O -, O -6 O -- O -dimethoxyphenoxy O -) O -ethyl O -] O -amino B-Chemical -] O -methyl O -] O -- O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -benzodioxane O -( O -4 O -) O -were O -prepared O -from O -the O -chiral O -2 O -- O -[ O -( O -tosyloxy O -) O -methyl O -] O -- O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -benzodioxanes O -[ O -( O -2S O -) O -- O -and O -( O -2R O -) O -- O -5 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aggregation O -of O -PE O -and O -PE O -/ O -PC O -( O -phosphatidyl O -choline B-Chemical -) O -mixed O -vesicles O -was O -studied O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -and O -cation O -composition O -of O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lateral O -mobility O -of O -pyrene O -, O -pyrene O -decanoic O -acid O -, O -and O -1 O -- O -palmitoyl O -- O -2 O -- O -pyrene O -decanoyl O -- O -phosphatidyl O -choline B-Chemical -( O -pyrene O -lecithin O -) O -in O -lipid O -bilayers O -is O -determined O -by O -the O -excimer O -formation O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -v O -) O -Cholesterol B-Chemical -strongly O -reduces O -the O -jump O -frequency O -in O -fluid O -layers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -metabolic O -and O -respiratory O -acidosis O -and O -alkalosis O -on O -cellular O -calcium B-Chemical -metabolism O -were O -studied O -in O -rat O -kidney O -cells O -dispersed O -with O -collagenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -analysis O -of O -45 O -- O -ca O -desaturation O -curves O -shows O -that O -acidosis O -decreases O -all O -three O -cellular O -calcium B-Chemical -pools O -and O -depresses O -calcium B-Chemical -fluxes O -between O -the O -superficial O -and O -cytosolic O -pools O -and O -between O -the O -cytosolic O -and O -mitochondrial O -pools O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -exchange O -between O -the O -mitochondrial O -and O -cytosolic O -pool O -is O -increased O -in O -metabolic O -alkalosis O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -activated I-Chemical -neutral O -protease O -from O -bovine O -ventricular O -muscle O -: O -isolation O -and O -some O -of O -its O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -Crystalline O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -significantly O -inhibited O -by O -L O -- O -quinquestriatus O -venom O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -glycolysis O -was O -suppressed O -by O -iodoacetic O -acid O -, O -slight O -alkalization O -due O -to O -the O -breakdown O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Stimulating O -effects O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -and O -glycine B-Chemical -on O -guinea O -- O -pig O -taenia O -coli O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Alanine O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -- O -10 O -mM O -) O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -- O -10 O -mM O -) O -produced O -a O -dose O -dependent O -contraction O -of O -guinea O -- O -pig O -taenia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -these O -effects O -were O -inhibited O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -Ca O -antagonist O -, O -verapamil B-Chemical -( O -10 O -muM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -LiCl B-Chemical -or O -Choline O -- O -Cl O -and O -in O -Na O -- O -isethionate O -solutions O -, O -the O -stimulating O -effect O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -was O -not O -abolished O -, O -but O -was O -completely O -inhibited O -in O -KCl O -- O -depolarized O -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -indices O -of O -central O -hemodynamics O -and O -myocardial O -contractile O -function O -were O -studied O -in O -35 O -dogs O -before O -and O -in O -different O -periods O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -drugs O -which O -block O -beta O -- O -receptors O -: O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -and O -talinolol O -. O - -aps B-category -Pindolol O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -day O -increased O -Goldblatt O -- O -type O -hypertension O -, O -whereas O -Propranolol B-Chemical -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -day O -showed O -an O -antihypertensive O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -Propranolol B-Chemical -, O -possibly O -on O -account O -of O -a O -cardiodepressory O -effect O -, O -leads O -to O -a O -decrease O -in O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -meet O -man O -' O -s O -requirements O -for O -vegetable O -oils O -and O -essential O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -it O -is O -necessary O -to O -produce O -daily O -150 O -- O -- O -200 O -g O -dry O -chufa O -nodules O -which O -are O -quite O -acceptable O -as O -a O -dietary O -ingredient O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -of O -the O -Fifth O -International O -Congress O -on O -Hormonal O -Steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -of O -the O -Fifth O -International O -Congress O -on O -Hormonal O -Steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hormonal O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uterus O -during O -progestation O -: O -hormonal O -modulation O -of O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -activity O -in O -relation O -to O -decidual O -sensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pyloroplasty O -lead B-Chemical -to O -an O -increase O -of O -gastric O -volume O -and O -delayed O -emptying O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -intrahippocampal O -injection O -of O -chemicals O -on O -the O -levels O -of O -plasma O -corticosterone B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -3H O -] O -Para B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -clonidine I-Chemical -: O -a O -novel O -ligand O -which O -binds O -with O -high O -affinity O -to O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -of O -pulmonary O -ventilation O -during O -exercise O -and O -mediators O -in O -the O -blood O -: O -CO2 O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -current O -theories O -are O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -since O -arterial O -PCO2 O -and O -pH O -oscillate O -with O -each O -breath O -, O -the O -amplitude O -and O -period O -of O -these O -oscillations O -may O -change O -during O -exercise O -and O -may O -be O -of O -sufficient O -magnitude O -to O -stimulate O -the O -carotid O -bodies O -, O -and O -( O -2 O -) O -there O -exists O -a O -disequilibrium O -between O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -activity O -within O -the O -red O -blood O -cell O -and O -in O -the O -plasma O -because O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -is O -found O -in O -the O -former O -but O -not O -the O -latter O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiences O -with O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agent O -glianimone O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -properties O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -from O -guinea O -pig O -cardiac O -ventricular O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -independent O -glycogen O -synthase O -kinase O -and O -phosvitin O -kinase O -from O -human O -leukocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cAMP B-Chemical -independent O -glycogen O -synthase O -kinase O -eluted O -from O -the O -phosphocellulose O -at O -0 O -. O -54 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -( O -peak O -A O -) O -separate O -from O -the O -major O -phosvitin O -kinase O -eluting O -at O -0 O -. O -68 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -( O -peak O -B O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -the O -kinase O -activities O -differed O -with O -respect O -to O -sensitivity O -to O -temperature O -, O -ionic O -strength O -and O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -was O -not O -influenced O -by O -cyclic O -nucleotides O -, O -Ca2 O -+ O -, O -or O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -. O -Synthase O -I O -from O -muscle O -and O -leukocytes O -was O -phosphorylated O -to O -a O -ratio O -of O -independence O -of O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucocorticoid O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -cultured O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -from O -these O -experiments O -have O -provided O -considerable O -information O -regarding O -the O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Multihormonal O -control O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -isolated O -liver O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -induction O -and O -maintenance O -of O -elevated O -levels O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -in O -liver O -cells O -were O -completely O -dependent O -upon O -the O -presence O -of O -both O -the O -synthetic O -glucocorticoid O -, O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -, O -and O -glucagon O -of O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -Pulse O -- O -labeling O -experiments O -established O -that O -this O -increase O -in O -enzyme O -protein O -could O -be O -fully O -accounted O -for O -by O -a O -corresponding O -increase O -in O -rate O -of O -synthesis O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -steroid B-Chemical -hormone O -acts O -first O -, O -presumably O -to O -increase O -the O -level O -of O -functional O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -mRNA O -or O -its O -precursor O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -experiments O -demonstrated O -that O -both O -glucocorticoids O -and O -cyclic O -AMP O -increase O -the O -level O -of O -functional O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -mRNA O -in O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -protein O -synthesis O -inhibitors O -, O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -, O -emetine O -, O -and O -puromycin O -, O -were O -as O -effective O -as O -cyclic O -AMP O -in O -increasing O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -mRNA O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Nevertheless O -, O -there O -is O -still O -very O -little O -direct O -evidence O -that O -steroids B-Chemical -can O -modulate O -rates O -of O -specific O -gene O -transcription O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rapid O -turnover O -of O -some O -glucocorticoid O -- O -regulated O -enzymes O -and O -their O -mRNAs O -not O -only O -ensures O -a O -rapid O -response O -to O -steroid B-Chemical -addition O -or O -withdrawal O -, O -but O -also O -subjects O -these O -proteins O -to O -relatively O -large O -fluctuations O -upon O -alterations O -in O -overall O -protein O -or O -mRNA O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -other O -major O -glucocorticoid O -- O -responsive O -system O -investigated O -in O -cell O -hybridization O -studies O -consists O -of O -lymphoid O -cells O -which O -are O -killed O -when O -exposed O -to O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -actions O -of O -insulin O -and O -glucocorticoids O -on O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -and O -protein O -degradation O -are O -antagonistic O -in O -this O -cell O -line O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -insulin O -to O -HTC O -cells O -previously O -incubated O -with O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -causes O -a O -rapid O -further O -doubling O -in O -the O -cellular O -concentration O -of O -this O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -specific O -immunoprecipitation O -techniques O -, O -we O -have O -demonstrated O -that O -insulin O -stimulates O -a O -nonselective O -increase O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -total O -protein O -synthesis O -in O -HTC O -cells O -, O -and O -a O -selective O -decrease O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -degradation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -relative O -to O -total O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -instances O -the O -glucocorticoids O -are O -said O -to O -exert O -a O -" O -permissive O -effect O -, O -" O -since O -they O -allow O -a O -process O -to O -proceed O -at O -a O -maximal O -rate O -even O -though O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -itself O -has O -no O -effect O -on O -this O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Molsidomin O -compared O -to O -nitrates B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Mutagenic O -, O -DNA O -- O -damaging O -, O -and O -in O -vivo O -alteration O -of O -DNA O -have O -been O -demonstrated O -for O -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dimethylhydrazine I-Chemical -( O -DMH O -) O -, O -a O -potent O -inducer O -of O -adenocarcinomas O -of O -the O -large O -intestine O -and O -colon O -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Normal O -nerve O -incorporated O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -C14 O -- O -malonyl O -- O -CoA O -and O -1 O -- O -C14 O -- O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -into O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -by O -a O -de O -- O -novo O -biosynthetic O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -wallerian O -degeneration O -, O -there O -was O -a O -rapid O -increase O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -biosynthesis O -that O -reached O -a O -peak O -between O -16 O -and O -24 O -days O -after O -nerve O -section O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -vasculitis O -with O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -High O -serum O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -levels O -in O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -? O - -aps B-category -These O -sites O -are O -not O -affected O -by O -chemical O -sympathectomy O -with O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -and O -thus O -appear O -to O -be O -located O -postsynaptically O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -by O -dobutamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -atrium O -and O -tracheal O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -Modulatory O -role O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -induction O -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -superior O -cervical O -ganglia O -were O -kept O -in O -organ O -culture O -and O -after O -48 O -h O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -was O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -with O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -or O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -dopamine B-Chemical -impaired O -the O -carbachol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -induction O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -monoamine O -oxidase O -activity O -by O -5 O -. O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -pargyline O -inhibited O -the O -effect O -of O -carbachol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -long O -- O -term O -regulation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -is O -modulated O -by O -a O -strategic O -cytoplasmic O -pool O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Peritoneal O -clearances O -were O -measured O -in O -multiple O -patients O -with O -different O -types O -of O -peritoneal O -dialysis O -solution O -to O -assess O -the O -effects O -of O -pH O -, O -choice O -of O -buffer O -anion O -( O -acetate O -versus O -lactate B-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -the O -effects O -of O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -( O -a O -vasodilator O -) O -in O -combination O -with O -different O -buffer O -anions O -and O -varying O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -relatively O -unique O -abnormalities O -were O -apparent O -in O -many O -of O -these O -patients O -- O -- O -an O -inability O -to O -maximally O -concentrate O -urine O -, O -a O -decrease O -in O -ability O -to O -lower O -urine O -pH O -after O -acute O -acid O -challenge O -, O -and O -an O -inability O -to O -excrete O -adequate O -amounts O -of O -ammonium B-Chemical -during O -persistent O -acid O -challenge O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -( O -GAD O -) O -, O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -transaminase I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -T I-Chemical -) O -, O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -( O -CAT O -) O -, O -and O -cysteic O -and O -cysteinesulfinic O -acids O -decarboxylase O -( O -CAD O -/ O -CSAD O -) O -in O -putamen O -and O -frontal O -cortex O -in O -both O -Huntington O -' O -s O -chorea O -and O -normal O -tissues O -were O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -GAD O -and O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -T I-Chemical -from O -Huntington O -' O -s O -tissues O -were O -indistinguishable O -from O -those O -obtained O -from O -normal O -tissues O -by O -double O -diffusion O -test O -and O -by O -microcomplement O -fixation O -test O -, O -which O -is O -capable O -of O -distinguishing O -proteins O -with O -a O -single O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -substitution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -were O -investigated O -of O -purified O -subsynaptic O -fractions O -on O -the O -efflux O -of O -radioactivity O -from O -a O -plain O -synaptic O -vesicle O -fraction O -which O -had O -incorporated O -[ O -3H O -] O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -effects O -of O -typical O -and O -atypical O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -on O -alpha O -- O -noradrenergic O -and O -dopaminergic O -post O -synaptic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -and O -release O -of O -putative O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -neurotransmitters O -. O - -aps B-category -Contributions O -of O -different O -afferent O -pathways O -to O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -innervation I-Chemical -of O -the O -amygdala O -: O -a O -neurochemical O -and O -histochemical O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -were O -susceptible O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -, O -erythromycin B-Chemical -, O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -, O -vancomycin B-Chemical -, O -clindamycin O -, O -cephalothin B-Chemical -and O -rifampicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Red O -cell O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -, O -hemoglobin O -type O -, O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -, O -and O -pH O -as O -a O -function O -of O -fetal O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -gestational O -age O -had O -no O -effect O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -levels O -, O -the O -mean O -and O -SD O -was O -14 O -. O -86 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -04 O -mol O -/ O -gm O -of O -Hb O -or O -delta O -pH O -between O -plasma O -and O -red O -cell O -, O -the O -mean O -was O -0 O -. O -187 O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -0 O -. O -032 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -therefore O -that O -the O -decrease O -in O -fetal O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -as O -gestation O -progresses O -is O -related O -mainly O -to O -the O -increase O -in O -the O -amount O -of O -HbA O -and O -the O -levels O -of O -DPG O -or O -delta O -pH O -between O -plasma O -and O -red O -cells O -are O -not O -a O -function O -of O -gestational O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Use O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -in O -41 O -cases O -of O -severe O -insomnia O -in O -hospitalized O -psychiatric O -patients O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Clinical O -study O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -in O -a O -hospital O -department O -of O -psychiatry O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -hundred O -patients O -treated O -with O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Treatment O -of O -severe O -insomnia O -in O -a O -psychiatric O -milieu O -with O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Study O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -in O -orthopedic O -surgery O -and O -traumatology O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Efficacy O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -there O -was O -no O -improvement O -in O -urological O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -purine B-Chemical -) O -n O -DNAs O -of O -repeating O -sequences O -form O -a O -distinctive O -complex O -on O -lowering O -the O -pH O -below O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -a O -) O -S1 O -nuclease O -digestion O -leads O -to O -degradation O -of O -50 O -% O -of O -the O -poly O -d O -( O -purine B-Chemical -) O -content O -of O -the O -pH O -5 O -- O -induced O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -c O -) O -The O -hyperchromic O -shifts O -of O -the O -triplex O -and O -poly O -d O -( O -purine B-Chemical -) O -, O -upon O -melting O -, O -are O -mutually O -independent O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -earlier O -studies O -, O -two O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -conformational O -transitions O -were O -described O -( O -Gordon O -et O -al O -. O -, O -Proceedings O -of O -the O -National O -Academy O -of O -Science O -, O -75 O -, O -660 O -, O -1978 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Restoration O -of O -enzyme O -induction O -, O -reduced O -as O -a O -result O -of O -long O -- O -term O -cortisol B-Chemical -administration O -, O -in O -rat O -liver O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -single O -cortisol B-Chemical -administration O -the O -TAT O -activity O -rose O -5 O -- O -fold O -; O -the O -induction O -response O -decreased O -after O -21 O -days O -of O -daily O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -three O -- O -day O -insulin O -administration O -led O -to O -the O -restoration O -of O -TAT O -induction O -in O -response O -to O -cortisol B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -an O -acute O -remission O -is O -obtained O -the O -patient O -not O -only O -should O -have O -a O -good O -quality O -of O -life O -but O -in O -a O -proportion O -of O -cases O -, O -where O -the O -remission O -is O -prolonged O -, O -steroid B-Chemical -therapy O -may O -be O -ceased O -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -- O -base O -changes O -during O -hemodialysis O -cannot O -be O -calculated O -solely O -from O -the O -balance O -of O -acetate O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Active O -transport O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -Neurospora O -plasma O -membrane O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -and O -its O -precursors O -and O -metabolites O -enhance O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -cyclic O -GMP O -and O -testosterone B-Chemical -seem O -to O -have O -similar O -actions O -, O -the O -objective O -of O -this O -investigation O -was O -to O -determine O -if O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -its O -precursors O -might O -have O -part O -of O -their O -mechanism O -of O -action O -through O -stimulation O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -[ O -GTP O -pyrophosphate O -- O -lyase O -( O -cyclizing O -) O -, O -EC O -4 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -] O -, O -the O -enzyme O -that O -catalyzes O -the O -formation O -of O -cyclic O -GMP O -from O -GTP O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -precursors O -are O -generated O -from O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -which O -had O -no O -effect O -itself O -on O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Etiocholanolone O -, O -androsterone O -, O -and O -epiandrosterone O -, O -metabolites O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -metabolism O -, O -enhanced O -guanylate O -cyclase O -activity O -1 O -1 O -/ O -2 O -- O -to O -2 O -- O -fold O -at O -this O -same O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -in O -this O -investigation O -suggest O -that O -the O -guanylate O -cyclase O -- O -cyclic O -GMP O -system O -plays O -a O -role O -in O -the O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -its O -precursors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -localization O -of O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -neurons O -in O -the O -rabbit O -retina O -has O -been O -studied O -by O -immunocytochemical O -localization O -of O -the O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -synthesizing I-Chemical -enzyme O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -I O -- O -carboxy O -- O -lyase O -, O -EC O -4 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -15 O -) O -and O -by O -[ O -3H O -] O -GABA B-Chemical -uptake O -autoradiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravitreally O -administered O -[ O -3H O -] O -GABA B-Chemical -produced O -a O -diffuse O -labeling O -of O -the O -inner O -plexiform O -layer O -and O -a O -dense O -labeling O -of O -certain O -amacrine O -cell O -bodies O -in O -the O -inner O -nuclear O -layer O -. O - -aps B-category -Uncoupling O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -transport O -from O -ATPase O -activity O -by O -mild O -acidic O -conditions O -or O -with O -ethylene O -glycol O -bis O -( O -beta O -- O -aminoethyl O -ether B-Chemical -) O -- O -N O -, O -N O -, O -N O -' O -, O -N O -' O -- O -tetraacetic O -acid O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -decreased O -the O -ability O -of O -the O -membranes O -to O -be O -enriched O -with O -tightly O -bound O -nucleotides O -and O -also O -decreased O -the O -content O -of O -tightly O -bound O -nucleotides O -of O -previously O -enriched O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Epidemiology O -can O -pick O -out O -large O -- O -scale O -determinants O -of O -human O -cancer O -, O -such O -as O -smoking B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -cobalt B-Chemical -is O -an O -unimportant O -factor O -in O -community O -levels O -of O -cardiovascular O -disease O -, O -that O -cadmium O -has O -striking O -effects O -on O -blood O -pressure O -in O -animals O -and O -that O -there O -is O -some O -evidence O -for O -an O -association O -between O -environmental O -lead B-Chemical -and O -high O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Epidemiological O -evidence O -suggests O -that O -present O -levels O -of O -chemical O -use O -do O -not O -lead B-Chemical -to O -widespread O -harmful O -contamination O -of O -the O -human O -environment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -toxic O -effect O -and O -mechanisms O -of O -action O -of O -substances O -such O -as O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -or O -paracetamol B-Chemical -have O -been O -extensively O -investigated O -, O -and O -our O -ability O -to O -predict O -toxicity O -or O -develop O -antidotes O -to O -poisoning O -has O -had O -some O -success O -, O -but O -epidemiology O -is O -still O -an O -essential O -part O -of O -assessment O -of O -toxic O -effects O -of O -new O -chemicals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -direct O -effects O -on O -health O -may O -be O -small O -in O -comparison O -with O -the O -indirect O -advantageous O -effects O -which O -a O -useful O -substance O -such O -as O -vinyl O -chloride B-Chemical -may O -bring O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fundamental O -problem O -of O -species O -variation O -in O -toxicity O -among O -the O -organophosphorus B-Chemical -and O -carbamate O -pesticides O -which O -this O -investigation O -illustrates O -presents O -difficulties O -for O -registration O -authorities O -when O -they O -are O -considered O -for O -clearance O -for O -agricultural O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -projections O -of O -nerves O -6 O -and O -7 O -of O -the O -locust O -suboesophageal O -ganglion O -( O -SOG O -) O -were O -stained O -by O -axonal O -filling O -with O -cobalt B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incorporation O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -tyrosine B-Chemical -increases O -with O -time O -after O -a O -delay O -of O -2 O -h O -. O -Cycloheximide O -added O -during O -this O -time O -, O -but O -not O -at O -later O -stages O -, O -inhibits O -incorporation O -. O - -aps B-category -Filled O -cell O -profiles O -could O -not O -be O -positively O -identified O -with O -the O -cobalt B-Chemical -technique O -, O -but O -could O -be O -seen O -with O -the O -HRP O -technique O -, O -when O -the O -optic O -afferents O -were O -first O -allowed O -to O -degenerate O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -an O -operant O -procedure O -of O -lever O -pressing O -on O -FR O -10 O -schedule O -of O -food O -reinforcement O -male O -hooded O -rats O -were O -trained O -to O -respond O -on O -a O -lever O -on O -one O -side O -of O -a O -food O -cup O -following O -a O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -pentylenetetrazol B-Chemical -( O -PTZ O -) O -injection O -and O -to O -respond O -on O -a O -lever O -on O -the O -alternate O -side O -following O -a O -1 O -ml O -/ O -kg O -saline O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -animals O -were O -then O -injected O -with O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -diazepam B-Chemical -or O -chlordiazepoxide O -for O -ten O -consecutive O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Molecular O -mechanisms O -regulating O -the O -interactions O -between O -the O -benzodazepines O -and O -GABA B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Occupancy O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -receptors O -uncovers O -a O -new O -population O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -receptors O -( O -GABA2 O -receptors O -) O -endowed O -with O -high O -affinity O -for O -GABA B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -reciprocal O -interaction O -appears O -to O -be O -mediated O -by O -an O -endogenous O -regulatory O -protein O -( O -for O -details O -on O -this O -protein O -see O -[ O -14 O -and O -29 O -] O -) O -which O -allosterically O -regulates O -GABA2 O -receptors O -while O -it O -competitively O -interacts O -with O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -for O -their O -specific O -binding O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -the O -interaction O -between O -the O -1 O -, O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepine I-Chemical -receptors O -and O -the O -endogenous O -protein O -modulator O -of O -GABA2 O -receptors O -might O -play O -a O -role O -in O -the O -pharmacological O -action O -of O -the O -1 O -, O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepines I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -studies O -on O -agents O -which O -alter O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -binding O -site O -sensitivity O -in O -brain O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Anions O -such O -as O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -iodide O -and O -nitrite B-Chemical -also O -enhance O -( O -3H O -) O -diazepam B-Chemical -binding O -and O -this O -enhancement O -is O -consistent O -with O -their O -role O -in O -postsynaptic O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Taken O -together O -, O -these O -results O -suggest O -the O -existence O -of O -a O -GABA B-Chemical -/ O -Cl O -- O -ionophore O -/ O -BZ O -binding O -complex O -in O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -recent O -demonstration O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -mammalian O -CNS O -has O -provided O -new O -information O -on O -the O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -this O -important O -class O -of O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -studies O -of O -these O -purines O -suggest O -that O -they O -may O -have O -diazepam B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -effect O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -properties O -of O -brain O -specific O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -receptors O -: O -new O -evidence O -for O -multiple O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -triazolopyridazines O -, O -with O -some O -of O -the O -pharmacological O -properties O -of O -anxiolytics O -have O -recently O -been O -shown O -to O -displace O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diazepam I-Chemical -and O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -flunitrazepam I-Chemical -with O -Ki O -values O -in O -the O -6 O -to O -100 O -nanomolar O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -Hill O -analyses O -of O -dose O -- O -response O -curves O -for O -some O -of O -these O -substances O -yields O -Hill O -coefficients O -in O -the O -range O -of O -0 O -. O -4 O -- O -- O -0 O -. O -6 O -, O -suggesting O -that O -these O -compounds O -may O -be O -able O -to O -discriminate O -between O -several O -types O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -neuronal O -localization O -for O -these O -receptors O -is O -suggested O -by O -the O -parallel O -decrease O -in O -the O -number O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -receptors O -and O -cerebellar O -Purkinje O -cells O -in O -" O -nervous O -" O -mutant O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -, O -electrophysiological O -and O -behavioral O -experiments O -highlight O -the O -possible O -importance O -of O -frontal O -cortex O -in O -mediating O -the O -anxiolytic O -properties O -of O -the O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -test O -of O -anxiety O -that O -distinguishes O -between O -the O -actions O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -and O -those O -of O -other O -minor O -tranquilisers O -and O -of O -stimulants O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -administration O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -( O -35 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -of O -meprobamate O -( O -60 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -produced O -sedation O -: O -both O -locomotor O -activity O -and O -social O -interaction O -were O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -administration O -dissociated O -the O -pattern O -of O -results O -produced O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -( O -35 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -from O -that O -produced O -by O -flurazepam B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -synthetic O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepine I-Chemical -ligand O -for O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -receptors O -: O -a O -probe O -for O -investigating O -neuronal O -substrates O -of O -anxiety O -. O - -aps B-category -Like O -the O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -, O -CL O -218 O -, O -872 O -increased O -punished O -responding O -in O -a O -conflict O -situation O -and O -protected O -against O -the O -convulsions O -induced O -by O -pentylenetetrazole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Furthmore O -, O -CL O -218 O -, O -872 O -was O -relatively O -free O -of O -the O -ataxic O -and O -depressant O -side O -effects O -commonly O -associated O -with O -the O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Significance O -of O -neurochemical O -parameters O -in O -the O -preclinical O -evaluation O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Caffeine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contractions O -of O -this O -muscle O -were O -partially O -inhibited O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -but O -not O -by O -the O -other O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distribution O -is O -determined O -by O -the O -properties O -of O -the O -ion O -or O -molecule O -in O -question O -and O -by O -a O -number O -of O -major O -variables O -, O -including O -ionic O -strength O -, O -the O -nature O -and O -concentrations O -of O -major O -dissolved O -elements O -, O -particulate B-Chemical -matter I-Chemical -and O -organic O -complexing O -material O -, O -pH O -and O -the O -electron O -activity O -( O -pE O -) O -; O -it O -may O -thus O -vary O -widely O -between O -different O -environments O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -the O -results O -of O -some O -experiments O -on O -the O -effects O -of O -petroleum O -hydrocarbons O -on O -mussels O -are O -described O -and O -the O -presence O -of O -inducible O -activity O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -tetrazolium O -reductase O -in O -the O -blood O -cells O -is O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -and O -clonidine B-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -e O -. O -w O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Acute O -and O -chronic O -effects O -of O -three O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -in O -the O -social O -interaction O -anxiety O -test O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -of O -the O -drugs O -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -desmethyldiazepam O -, O -showed O -an O -anxiolytic O -action O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -these O -drugs O -resulted O -in O -significantly O -less O -variation O -in O -social O -interaction O -with O -the O -change O -in O -light O -levels O -, O -compared O -with O -vehicle O -- O -injected O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -role O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -receptor O -blockade O -in O -the O -action O -of O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -: O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -, O -thiethylperazine O -, O -and O -molindone B-Chemical -as O -pharmacological O -tools O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -the O -carboxamide O -group O -of O -the O -nicotinamide O -moiety O -of O -NAD O -on O -these O -spectral O -changes O -was O -investigated O -by O -replacing O -that O -group O -with O -an O -acetyl O -or O -aldehyde B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -Dinitrophenol O -was O -also O -found O -to O -give O -a O -charge O -transfer O -complex O -with O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -implies O -that O -temperature O -equilibrium O -of O -the O -buffered O -salt B-Chemical -solutions O -should O -be O -reached O -prior O -to O -the O -addition O -of O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -Prednisone B-Chemical -effect O -on O -microvascular O -permeability O -in O -patients O -with O -inflammatory O -rheumatic O -diseases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -transcapillary O -escape O -rate O -decreased O -from O -7 O -. O -33 O -% O -/ O -h O -( O -range O -5 O -. O -11 O -- O -9 O -. O -55 O -) O -before O -prednisone B-Chemical -treatment O -to O -3 O -. O -11 O -% O -/ O -h O -( O -0 O -. O -04 O -- O -6 O -. O -18 O -) O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -after O -1 O -day O -of O -treatment O -and O -5 O -. O -80 O -% O -/ O -h O -( O -4 O -. O -36 O -- O -7 O -. O -24 O -) O -after O -7 O -days O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Sigmoid O -perforation O -during O -the O -course O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -emboli O -simulating O -polyarteritis O -nodosa O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -died O -following O -ischemic O -necrosis O -of O -the O -sigmoid O -from O -perforation O -and O -peritonitis O -, O -also O -related O -to O -the O -presence O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -emboli O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -on O -the O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Convulsions O -as O -the O -etiology O -of O -lactic O -acidosis O -in O -acute O -isoniazid B-Chemical -toxicity O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Urine O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transferase O -in O -rat O -kidney O -toxicology O -: O -nephropathy O -by O -repeated O -injections O -of O -mercuric O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Injection O -of O -saline O -or O -sodium B-Chemical -selenite O -produced O -neither O -modification O -of O -diuresis O -, O -nor O -of O -urine O -elimination O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -phosphates O -, O -urea B-Chemical -, O -creatinine B-Chemical -and O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transferase O -( O -GGT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Injection O -of O -mixed O -sodium B-Chemical -selenite O -and O -mercuric O -chloride B-Chemical -or O -separate O -injection O -of O -both O -compounds O -had O -similar O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -characteristics O -of O -17 O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -bovine O -placenta O -. O - -aps B-category -Assay O -of O -activity O -was O -based O -on O -the O -formation O -of O -radioactive O -estrone O -from O -17 O -beta O -[ O -4 O -( O -- O -14 O -) O -C O -] O -- B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -Michaelis O -constants O -, O -Km O -, O -for O -17 O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -and O -NAD O -+ O -are O -1 O -. O -4 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -and O -5 O -. O -5 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -and O -structure O -of O -sarcosterol O -, O -a O -new O -sterol B-Chemical -with O -a O -delta17 O -( O -20 O -) O -- O -double O -bond O -from O -the O -soft O -coral O -Sarcophyton O -glaucum O -. O - -aps B-category -Brassicasterol O -was O -found O -in O -S O -. O -glaucum O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -ubiquity O -of O -24 O -- O -epibrassicasterol O -in O -the O -marine O -invertebrates O -in O -the O -northern O -districts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -southern O -Japan O -' O -s O -soft O -coral O -, O -Sarcophyton O -glaucum O -, O -was O -found O -to O -contain O -several O -polyhydroxylates O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -excretion O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -in O -stone O -formers O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -basal O -state O -, O -the O -stone O -formers O -showed O -statistically O -significant O -higher O -urinary O -pH O -, O -and O -lower O -24 O -- O -hour O -urinary O -titrable O -acid O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -and O -total O -hydrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -' O -Clearance O -' O -indices O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -excretion O -were O -also O -depressed O -in O -a O -great O -majority O -of O -the O -stone O -formers O -. O - -aps B-category -Extracellular O -oxygen B-Chemical -levels O -were O -continually O -measured O -in O -erythrocytes O -suspensions O -in O -order O -to O -check O -the O -changes O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -hemoglobin O -without O -damaging O -the O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -metabolic O -pathway O -was O -acetylation O -of O -the O -amine B-Chemical -groups O -( O -s O -) O -, O -resulting O -in O -4 O -- O -acetylamino O -- O -2 O -- O -aminoanisole O -and O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -diacetylaminoanisole O -. O - -aps B-category -and O -1 O -h O -after O -oral O -dosing O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -triazolam B-Chemical -to O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -binding O -of O -triazolam B-Chemical -plus O -its O -metabolites O -to O -plasma O -protein O -of O -rats O -was O -about O -30 O -% O -at O -15 O -min O -and O -6 O -h O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -oral O -administration O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -triazolam B-Chemical -to O -pregnant O -rats O -, O -the O -activity O -in O -the O -uterus O -and O -placenta O -was O -higher O -than O -that O -in O -the O -maternal O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolism O -of O -8 O -- O -chloro O -- O -6 O -- O -( O -o O -- O -chlorophenyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -s I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triazolo I-Chemical -[ O -4 O -, O -3 O -- O -alpha O -] O -[ O -1 O -, O -4 O -] O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -, O -triazolam B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -central O -depressant O -. O - -aps B-category -Major O -metabolites O -in O -free O -form O -in O -the O -plasma O -were O -4 O -- O -hydroxytriazolam O -and O -1 O -' O -- O -hydroxytriazolam O -in O -rats O -; O -triazolam B-Chemical -and O -1 O -' O -- O -hydroxytriazolam O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Unchanged O -triazolam B-Chemical -and O -1 O -' O -- O -hydroxytriazolam O -were O -the O -major O -metabolites O -in O -the O -plasma O -, O -placenta O -, O -foetus O -and O -amniotic O -fluid O -in O -pregnant O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Mechanisms O -of O -cyclic O -purine B-Chemical -nucleotide B-Chemical -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -interaction O -with O -the O -mediator O -processes O -on O -central O -neurons O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -different O -types O -of O -water O -were O -used O -- O -- O -with O -traces O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -with O -about O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -1 O -fluoride B-Chemical -and O -with O -about O -11 O -mg O -/ O -1 O -fluoride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -About O -50 O -% O -of O -the O -fluoride B-Chemical -taken O -in O -was O -eliminated O -on O -the O -same O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -employment O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -in O -the O -nutrient O -solutions O -raised O -appreciably O -the O -acid O -values O -of O -the O -fats O -and O -suppressed O -the O -other O -metabolic O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -pancuronium B-Chemical -bromide B-Chemical -( O -Pavulon O -) O -on O -maternal O -circulation O -and O -metabolism O -as O -well O -as O -on O -fetal O -metabolism O -and O -postnatal O -conditions O -were O -studied O -in O -13 O -women O -in O -late O -pregnancy O -( O -between O -gestational O -weeks O -33 O -and O -40 O -) O -requiring O -Caesarean O -section O -in O -general O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -effect O -of O -pancuronium B-Chemical -bromide B-Chemical -to O -maternal O -or O -fetal O -carbohydrate O -metabolism O -could O -not O -be O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -main O -recommendations O -include O -restriction O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -expansion O -of O -the O -diagnosis O -of O -depressions O -, O -the O -use O -of O -methods O -of O -intensive O -psychopharmacology O -in O -combination O -with O -active O -rehabilitation O -, O -as O -well O -as O -introduction O -of O -new O -forms O -of O -organizational O -aid O -. O - -aps B-category -Thyroidal O -131I O -- O -uptake O -and O -the O -relative O -incorporation O -of O -iodine B-Chemical -into O -iodothyronines O -increased O -with O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -yields O -of O -iodotyrosines O -and O -iodothyronines O -, O -the O -latter O -in O -particular O -, O -were O -strikingly O -high O -, O -and O -this O -system O -is O -considered O -to O -be O -useful O -in O -the O -study O -of O -thyroidal O -iodine B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Dixyrazine O -( O -Esucos O -) O -as O -premedication O -for O -esophagogastroscopy O -was O -studied O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -atropine B-Chemical -in O -321 O -successive O -endoscopies O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -potency O -and O -speed O -of O -onset O -of O -fazadinium O -and O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tubocurarine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Wtih O -thiopentone B-Chemical -as O -the O -induction O -agent O -, O -the O -dose O -ratio O -fazadinium O -/ O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tubocurarine I-Chemical -ranged O -from O -1 O -. O -2 O -to O -1 O -. O -3 O -for O -single O -twitch O -reduction O -and O -from O -1 O -. O -1 O -to O -1 O -. O -2 O -for O -reduction O -of O -tetanus O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -1st O -dose O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tubocurarine I-Chemical -was O -markedly O -slower O -than O -fazadinium O -to O -achieve O -a O -50 O -% O -and O -100 O -% O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -reasonable O -grounds O -for O -the O -hope O -that O -this O -research O -will O -lead B-Chemical -to O -significant O -developments O -in O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -incubation O -in O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -GABA I-Chemical -, O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -and O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -, O -heavy O -labeling O -was O -seen O -over O -the O -fibers O -and O -terminals O -of O -the O -efferent O -olivocochlear O -bundle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fact O -that O -GABA B-Chemical -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -are O -taken O -up O -into O -efferents O -, O -which O -are O -almost O -certainly O -cholinergic O -, O -suggests O -that O -high O -affinity O -uptake O -of O -these O -substances O -is O -not O -restricted O -to O -terminals O -in O -which O -these O -substances O -are O -released O -as O -neurotransmitters O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antiarrhythmic O -effects O -of O -dl O -' O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -lidocaine B-Chemical -against O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -cardiac O -arrhythmias O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cardioselective O -beta O -- O -blocker O -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -was O -more O -or O -equally O -effective O -as O -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -against O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -arrhythmias O -in O -guinea O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -flame O -retardant O -tris O -( O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -dibromopropyl O -) O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -Tris O -- O -BP O -) O -is O -converted O -to O -products O -which O -are O -mutagenic O -for O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -TA O -100 O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -inducers O -of O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -on O -Tris O -- O -BP O -mutagenicity O -was O -dependent O -on O -the O -concentration O -of O -mutagen O -and O -microsomal O -protein O -in O -the O -assay O -, O -indicating O -complexity O -in O -the O -kinetics O -involved O -when O -dealing O -with O -possible O -multiple O -pathways O -that O -lead B-Chemical -to O -mutagenicity O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -Tris O -- O -BP O -is O -oxidized O -to O -a O -reactive O -electrophile O -, O -possibly O -the O -2 O -- O -keto O -derivative O -, O -which O -could O -react O -with O -nucleophilic O -groups O -in O -DNA O -and O -thus O -lead B-Chemical -to O -mutagenic O -events O -. O - -aps B-category -Apomorphine B-Chemical -( O -ap O -) O -was O -administered O -subcutaneously O -to O -mice O -kept O -in O -individual O -cages O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -small O -inactive O -dose O -of O -physostigmine B-Chemical -potentiated O -the O -effect O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -but O -not O -that O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -climbing O -behaviour O -produced O -by O -ap O -is O -presumably O -due O -to O -stimulation O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -and O -this O -effect O -can O -be O -antagonized O -either O -by O -blockade O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -or O -by O -activation O -of O -muscarinic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Naloxone B-Chemical -: O -a O -potent O -ketobemidone O -antagonist O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -morphine B-Chemical -, O -heroin B-Chemical -and O -pethidin O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluoride O -concentrations O -at O -and O -above O -0 O -. O -9 O -mM O -caused O -a O -progressive O -, O -concentration O -- O -related O -inhibition O -in O -the O -incorporation O -of O -both O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -and O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -in O -LS O -cells O -incubated O -in O -medium O -with O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Lowering O -the O -pH O -enhanced O -the O -effect O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -on O -both O -. O - -aps B-category -Incorporation O -of O -leucine B-Chemical -was O -then O -stimulated O -by O -low O -fluoride B-Chemical -concentrations O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -and O -0 O -. O -9 O -mM O -) O -, O -and O -the O -effect O -on O -thymidine B-Chemical -incorporation O -was O -eradicated O -up O -to O -1 O -. O -3 O -mM O -- O -NaF O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cellular O -pool O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -decreased O -markedly O -during O -the O -incubation O -period O -, O -somewhat O -less O -in O -the O -fluoride B-Chemical -exposed O -cells O -than O -in O -the O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenoxybenzamine O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -were O -used O -to O -differentiate O -between O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -test O -meal O -containing O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -( O -PEG O -) O -as O -reference O -substance O -was O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -effect O -of O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -on O -the O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -system O -and O -the O -defective O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -inactivation O -observed O -in O -experimental O -ulcerative O -colitis O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -in O -the O -case O -of O -retinol O -, O -low O -doses O -of O -cholecalcipherol O -and O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tocopherol I-Chemical -" O -in O -vitro O -" O -increase O -the O -osmotic O -resistance O -of O -red O -blood O -cells O -, O -while O -high O -doses O -have O -a O -lytic O -effect O -on O -the O -erythrocytes O -of O -various O -animal O -species O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O - -aps B-category -Hybridization O -- O -competition O -analysis O -revealed O -that O -the O -majority O -( O -approximately O -75 O -% O -) O -of O -the O -non O -- O -dissociable O -35 O -S O -RNA O -and O -almost O -all O -the O -material O -present O -in O -the O -non O -- O -dissociable O -24 O -S O -RNA O -were O -represented O -by O -nucleotide B-Chemical -sequences O -homologous O -to O -18 O -S O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -regulator O -protein O -( O -CDR O -) O -and O -CDR O -- O -dependent O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -c O -AMP O -- O -phosphodiesterase O -were O -isolated O -and O -partially O -purified O -from O -12 O -- O -day O -chick O -embryos O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -revealed O -by O -spectrophotometry O -, O -native O -but O -not O -heat O -- O -inactivated O -influenza O -virus O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -ATP O -reduced O -the O -activity O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -regulator O -protein O -- O -stimulated O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -c O -AMP O -- O -phosphodiesterase O -( O -CDR O -- O -PDE O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incorporation O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -and O -3H O -- O -deoxycytidine O -into O -acidoprecipitable O -fraction O -of O -hamster O -cells O -transformed O -by O -herpes O -simplex O -viruses O -type O -1 O -and O -type O -2 O -and O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -into O -hamster O -cells O -transformed O -by O -human O -cytomegalovirus O -was O -found O -to O -be O -resistant O -to O -the O -action O -of O -cytosine B-Chemical -arabinoside I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -stimulaton O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -uptake O -could O -be O -achieved O -by O -using O -unlabelled O -deoxycytidine O -instead O -of O -cytosine B-Chemical -arabinoside I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Decrease O -of O -sensitivity O -to O -cell O -- O -growth O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -in O -human O -embryo O -cells O -after O -infection O -with O -SV40 O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -same O -time O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -cells O -to O -the O -cell O -- O -growth O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -decreased O -considerably O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -of O -endotoxic O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -from O -phase O -II O -Coxiella O -burnetti O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -pharmacology O -of O -the O -new O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenergic I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -serum O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -correlated O -with O -clinical O -manifestations O -in O -93 O -cases O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -overdose O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentrations O -of O -total O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -ranged O -from O -1 O -to O -22 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -patients O -who O -had O -ingested O -only O -diazepam B-Chemical -needed O -hospitalization O -; O -all O -were O -discharged O -from O -acute O -medical O -care O -after O -a O -period O -of O -emergency O -room O -observation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -discuss O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -spontaneously O -developing O -( O -angio O -- O -) O -immunoblastic O -lymphadenopathy O -of O -man O -as O -well O -as O -the O -various O -autoantibodies O -and O -constitutional O -symptoms O -accompanying O -this O -disease O -may O -be O -mediated O -by O -different O -reactions O -of O -T O -lymphocytes O -toward O -adjacent O -lymphocytes O -and O -macrophages O -, O -whose O -membranes O -were O -rendered O -incompatible O -by O -certain O -viruses O -or O -sensitizing O -drugs O -such O -as O -the O -antiepileptic O -compound O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Susceptibility O -of O -streptococci O -to O -newer O -tetracyclines O -and O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -and O -to O -other O -antimicrobial O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Doxycycline O -and O -minocycline B-Chemical -were O -more O -active O -than O -tetracycline B-Chemical -, O -although O -the O -tetracyclines O -were O -considerably O -less O -inhibitory O -than O -the O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Minimal O -inhibitory O -concentrations O -for O -clindamycin O -, O -erythromycin B-Chemical -, O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -, O -nitrofurantoin O -, O -and O -spectinomycin O -are O -also O -given O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -and O -epinephrine B-Chemical -were O -determined O -by O -a O -sensitive O -radioenzymatic O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -a O -15 O -- O -minute O -recovery O -period O -, O -the O -maternal O -catecholamine B-Chemical -concentrations O -returned O -to O -normal O -, O -while O -the O -fetal O -concentrations O -remained O -elevated O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactate B-Chemical -is O -, O -at O -first O -, O -exported O -and O -then O -accumulates O -intracellularly O -; O -pH O -falls O -, O -but O -not O -as O -much O -in O -the O -mitochondria O -as O -the O -cytoplasm O -; O -redox O -couples O -go O -reduced O -, O -but O -with O -counterintuitive O -time O -courses O -; O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -is O -calculated O -to O -precipitate O -, O -as O -often O -observed O -in O -cardiac O -ischemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Immobilized O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -oxidase O -: O -a O -convenient O -method O -for O -the O -purification O -of O -flavin O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -and O -its O -analogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymic O -procedures O -for O -determining O -the O -average O -state O -of O -adenylylation O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -- O -column O -system O -for O -determination O -of O -glucosamine O -, O -galactosamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -on O -a O -Beckman O -121MB O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analyzer O -: O -separation O -of O -the O -anomers O -of O -glucosamine O -and O -galactosamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Monitor O -of O -Cerebral O -Function O -was O -employed O -in O -anaesthesia O -for O -a O -double O -purpose O -: O -as O -a O -monitor O -of O -anaesthesia O -, O -of O -possible O -complications O -and O -of O -overdosage O -that O -might O -lead B-Chemical -to O -cerebral O -damage O -; O -a O -bringing O -up O -to O -date O -of O -the O -comparative O -data O -on O -the O -various O -anaesthetic O -protocols O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -description O -of O -neuro O -- O -endocrine O -effects O -due O -to O -surgical O -stress O -and O -certain O -anaesthetic O -products O -led O -the O -authors O -to O -look O -for O -the O -action O -of O -alfadione O -and O -enflurane B-Chemical -on O -the O -hypothalamic O -- O -hypophyseal O -- O -thyroidian O -- O -adrenal O -axis O -. O - -aps B-category -Group O -III O -was O -during O -surgery O -under O -enflurane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -studied O -the O -effect O -of O -three O -curare O -- O -like O -agents O -in O -92 O -children O -anesthetised O -with O -halothane B-Chemical -( O -1 O -to O -2 O -p O -. O -100 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -conclude O -that O -from O -the O -point O -- O -of O -- O -view O -of O -activity O -, O -metocurine B-Chemical -and O -pancuronium B-Chemical -are O -respectively O -twice O -and O -five O -times O -more O -powerful O -than O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tubocurarine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Disturbances O -in O -pH O -and O -PCO2 O -in O -arterial O -blood O -measured O -five O -, O -fifteen O -, O -twenty O -five O -and O -thirty O -five O -minutes O -after O -induction O -were O -less O -than O -with O -anaesthesia O -by O -inhalation O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -patients O -received O -536 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -105 O -. O -3 O -mu O -mol O -. O -h O -- O -1 O -( O -145 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -28 O -. O -5 O -mg O -. O -h O -- O -1 O -) O -of O -lignocaine B-Chemical -for O -46 O -. O -97 O -+ O -/ O -- O -15 O -. O -56 O -h O -through O -a O -catheter O -omserted O -between O -L1 O -- O -L2 O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -a O -single O -injection O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -in O -dogs O -under O -acute O -experimental O -conditions O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparative O -study O -of O -postoperative O -nitrogen B-Chemical -balance O -as O -a O -function O -of O -carbohydrate O -intake O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -risks O -and O -dangers O -of O -hypertonic O -or O -hypersmotic O -solutions O -are O -such O -that O -the O -provision O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -postoperatively O -in O -ordinary O -surgery O -is O -often O -avoided O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -first O -group O -( O -28 O -patients O -- O -- O -mean O -age O -54 O -. O -6 O -years O -, O -mean O -weight O -63 O -. O -3 O -kg O -) O -received O -12 O -. O -4 O -g O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -and O -1000 O -calories O -per O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -Daily O -nitrogen B-Chemical -balance O -was O -calculated O -using O -the O -method O -of O -approximation O -described O -by O -Apfelbaum O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -urinary O -urea B-Chemical -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -group O -A O -, O -the O -cumulative O -balance O -for O -the O -first O -four O -days O -was O -7 O -. O -60 O -g O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -75 O -g O -, O -and O -for O -group O -B O -7 O -. O -85 O -G O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -. O -64 O -g O -. O -Limitation O -of O -postoperative O -nitrogen B-Chemical -catabolism O -does O -not O -necessarily O -impose O -the O -need O -for O -high O -calorie O -intake O -, O -implying O -the O -use O -of O -a O -central O -venous O -catheter O -and O -administration O -at O -constant O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Determiantion O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -by O -colorimetry O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -, O -apomorphine B-Chemical -and O -amphetamine B-Chemical -increase O -emotional O -reactivity O -and O -aggressiveness O -, O -and O -/ O -or O -evoke O -spontaneous O -attack O -behaviour O -in O -male O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -, O -amphetamine B-Chemical -and O -apomorphine B-Chemical -antagonize O -the O -depressive O -effects O -of O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -on O -behaviour O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -tranquillizing O -effect O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -correlates O -not O -only O -to O -the O -increased O -level O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -but O -also O -to O -an O -accelerated O -catabolism O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -PCPA B-Chemical -blocks O -the O -behavioural O -effects O -of O -dopaminomimetics O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -: O -kinetic O -properties O -and O -regulation O -of O -the O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -in O -vitro O -caused O -enzyme O -activation O -; O -when O -administered O -to O -animals O -systemically O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -the O -drug O -produced O -inhibition O -of O -hypothalamic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -probably O -through O -a O -receptor O -- O -mediated O -feedback O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -a O -number O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -and O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -on O -the O -activity O -of O -rat O -hypothalamic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -was O -studied O -utilizing O -a O -direct O -spectrophotometric O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -haloanisone O -and O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -were O -found O -to O -activate O -the O -enzyme O -at O -optimal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -other O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -which O -reduced O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -prednisolone B-Chemical -( O -60 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -had O -failed O -to O -produce O -improvement O -, O -spiramycin O -was O -given O -and O -caused O -apyrexia O -in O -48 O -hours O -and O -definite O -disappearance O -of O -all O -muscle O -signs O -within O -several O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Withdrawal O -of O -delayed O -- O -action O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -psychotic O -patients O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -clonal O -cell O -lines O -should O -lead B-Chemical -to O -rapid O -progress O -in O -the O -analysis O -of O -the O -nervous O -system O -at O -the O -chemical O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extracellular O -enzyme O -was O -purified O -42 O -fold O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -precipitation O -and O -gel O -filtration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -chloroquine B-Chemical -in O -different O -ethnic O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Echographic O -evaluation O -before O -and O -after O -beta O -blockade O -( O -atenolol B-Chemical -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -procedure O -, O -which O -resulted O -in O -182 O -- O -fold O -purification O -, O -included O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -, O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -anion O -exchange O -chromatography O -and O -Sephadex O -G200 O -gel O -filtration O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -shows O -that O -the O -ferricyanide O -formed O -accepts O -electrons O -passing O -through O -the O -protonmotive O -segments O -of O -the O -respiratory O -chain O -at O -the O -level O -of O -cytochrome O -c O -and O -/ O -or O -redox O -components O -of O -the O -cytochrome O -b O -- O -c1 O -complex O -situated O -on O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -side O -of O -the O -antimycin O -- O -inhibition O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -, O -catalase O -and O -scavengers O -of O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -radical O -protect O -against O -the O -toxic O -action O -of O -alloxan O -on O -pancreatic O -islet O -cells O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Alloxan O -alone O -drastically O -inhibited O -the O -Rb O -+ O -accumulation O -and O -significantly O -decreased O -the O -frequency O -of O -cells O -excluding O -Trypan B-Chemical -Blue I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -or O -singlet O -oxygen B-Chemical -were O -added O -to O -the O -incubation O -medium O -and O -tested O -for O -their O -ability O -to O -protect O -against O -these O -effects O -of O -alloxan O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -protection O -of O -the O -Rb O -+ O -- O -accumulating O -capacity O -was O -also O -afforded O -by O -butanol O -, O -caffeine B-Chemical -, O -theophylline B-Chemical -, O -NADH O -, O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -, O -to O -a O -small O -extent O -, O -NAD O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Except O -for O -the O -protection O -by O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -which O -may O -be O -due O -to O -a O -direct O -reaction O -with O -alloxan O -in O -the O -medium O -, O -the O -results O -strongly O -support O -the O -hypothesis O -. O - -aps B-category -glycerophosphoinositol O -inositophosphohydrolase O -, O -glycerophosphocholine O -diesterase O -, O -inositol B-Chemical -cyclic O -phosphate B-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -and O -phosphodiesterase O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -and O -pH O -- O -induced O -structural O -changes O -in O -skinned O -muscle O -fibers O -: O -prevention O -by O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -D O -- O -lysergic O -acid O -diethylamide O -on O -striatal O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -activity O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -prazosin B-Chemical -with O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -- O -- O -in O -vitro O -binding O -and O -in O -vivo O -antagonism O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -method O -for O -the O -detection O -of O -antihypertensive O -activity O -in O -anaesthetised O -( O -66 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloralose I-Chemical -and O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -aprobarbital O -) O -normotensive O -rats O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -guanethidine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -to O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -a O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -reduced O -blood O -pressure O -dose O -- O -dependently O -; O -the O -effect O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -to O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -a O -) O -was O -, O -however O -, O -not O -dose O -- O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -Phentolamine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -to O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -01 O -to O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O -elicited O -dose O -- O -dependent O -falls O -in O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -chloralose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aprobarbital I-Chemical -anaesthetised O -rat O -is O -a O -suitable O -and O -economical O -model O -for O -the O -screening O -of O -potential O -antihypertensive O -agents O -including O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combination O -of O -meprobamate O -and O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -increased O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -the O -rat O -nucleus O -locus O -coeruleus O -after O -twice O -daily O -injections O -, O -whereas O -neither O -compound O -alone O -had O -an O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -rat O -stomach O -strips O -were O -used O -to O -study O -the O -antagonism O -between O -psychotropic O -drugs O -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -atropine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -effect O -of O -the O -psychotropic O -drugs O -or O -an O -inhibition O -in O -the O -formation O -of O -endogenic O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -in O -the O -walls O -are O -ruled O -out O -as O -possible O -explanations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -a O -sub O -- O -chronic O -administration O -of O -three O -dose O -levels O -of O -a O -1 O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepine I-Chemical -derivative O -, O -clobazam O -, O -on O -subjective O -assessments O -of O -sleep O -and O -aspects O -of O -psychomotor O -performance O -the O -morning O -following O -night O -time O -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -Preparations O -of O -humic O -acids O -extracted O -from O -different O -soils O -by O -various O -methods O -and O -model O -humus O -substances O -obtained O -synthetically O -by O -oxidation O -of O -hydroquinone B-Chemical -and O -pyrocatechin O -are O -tested O -for O -growth O -inhibition O -of O -representative O -strains O -of O -human O -pathogenic O -microorganisms O -using O -a O -micro O -serial O -dilution O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -repeated O -doses O -of O -temazepam B-Chemical -taken O -in O -conjunction O -with O -alcohol B-Chemical -on O -aspects O -of O -psychomotor O -performance O -the O -morning O -following O -night O -time O -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -Matched O -placebos O -were O -given O -for O -two O -days O -before O -and O -four O -days O -after O -the O -four O -nights O -on O -active O -drug O -and O -a O -standard O -dose O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -was O -given O -on O -all O -ten O -nights O -of O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combination O -of O -30 O -mg O -temazepam B-Chemical -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -significantly O -depressed O -CFF O -following O -four O -nights O -on O -these O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Amoxapine O -in O -experimental O -psychopharmacology O -: O -a O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -or O -an O -antidepressant B-Chemical -? O - -aps B-category -At O -similar O -doses O -which O -produce O -the O -above O -mentioned O -effects O -, O -amoxapine O -also O -shows O -effects O -atypical O -for O -a O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -, O -but O -which O -are O -relatively O -characteristic O -of O -antidepressants B-Chemical -: O -antagonism O -of O -prochlorperazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -catalepsy O -in O -rats O -, O -inhibition O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -induced O -hypothermia O -in O -mice O -and O -enhancement O -of O -yohimbine B-Chemical -toxicity O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -kinetics O -of O -pipotiazine O -, O -a O -phenothiazine O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -, O -have O -been O -studied O -in O -five O -chronic O -schizophrenic O -patients O -after O -both O -oral O -( O -25 O -mg O -) O -and O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -resins O -bound O -to O -a O -high O -extent O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -intrinsic I-Chemical -factor O -complex O -, O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -iron B-Chemical -citrate B-Chemical -; O -in O -addition O -, O -cholestyramine O -also O -caused O -appreciable O -binding O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -By O -increasing O -the O -molarity O -of O -the O -solutions O -, O -the O -binding O -to O -the O -resins O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -intrinsic I-Chemical -factor O -complex O -and O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -was O -completely O -inhibited O -. O - -aps B-category -Proestrus O -and O -metestrus O -rat O -uterus O -, O -a O -rapid O -and O -simple O -in O -vitro O -method O -for O -detecting O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonism O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -depressed O -smooth O -muscle O -" O -twitch O -" O -responses O -of O -spontaneously O -contracting O -or O -electrically O -stimulated O -uterine O -preparations O -of O -both O -stages O -in O -the O -same O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -Diphenhydramine B-Chemical -, O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -was O -not O -able O -to O -reduce O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -uterine O -contractions O -, O -thereby O -confirming O -that O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -of O -the O -rat O -uterine O -tissue O -are O -H2 O -in O -type O -. O - -aps B-category -Tyramine O -, O -cAMP B-Chemical -or O -dibutyryl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cAMP I-Chemical -produced O -no O -inhibition O -of O -motility O -of O -the O -isolated O -uterine O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -on O -the O -activity O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -oxygenase O -in O -rat O -liver O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -with O -alpha O -- O -amanitine O -and O -cordycepin O -- O -- O -given O -in O -vivo O -- O -- O -showed O -, O -that O -the O -synthesis O -of O -m O -- O -RNA O -for O -tryptophan B-Chemical -oxygenase O -after O -application O -of O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -cortisone O -acetate O -lasted O -for O -less O -than O -2 O -h O -. O -The O -results O -obtained O -in O -vitro O -were O -very O -similar O -to O -those O -reported O -earlier O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -adding O -other O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -instead O -of O -the O -substrate O -no O -effect O -can O -be O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -The O -effects O -of O -H2 O -receptor O -blockade O -in O -ten O -patients O -with O -asthma O -has O -been O -studied O -using O -oral O -cimetidine B-Chemical -in O -a O -dose O -of O -1 O -g O -daily O -for O -1 O -week O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -There O -was O -no O -alteration O -in O -the O -severity O -of O -naturally O -- O -occurring O -or O -exercise O -- O -induced O -asthma O -with O -cimetidine B-Chemical -or O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Assay O -of O -azathioprine B-Chemical -, O -6 O -- O -mercaptopurine O -and O -a O -novel O -thiopurine O -metabolite O -in O -human O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -This O -assay O -has O -been O -modified O -to O -measure O -azathioprine B-Chemical -and O -a O -new O -thiopurine O -metabolite O -in O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -These O -assays O -are O -suitable O -for O -studying O -the O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -azathioprine B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -kidney O -transplants O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -membranes O -of O -erythrocytes O -undergoing O -metabolic O -depletion O -or O -an O -influx O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -undergo O -several O -changes O -in O -structure O -and O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -introduction O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -( O -intracellular O -concentrations O -approximately O -0 O -. O -6 O -mM O -) O -into O -metabolically O -replete O -erythrocytes O -with O -the O -ionophore O -A23187 O -results O -in O -transglutaminase O -- O -dependent O -cross O -- O -linking O -of O -membrane O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -undergoing O -metabolic O -depletion O -show O -a O -progressive O -loss O -of O -transglutaminase O -activity O -to O -undetectable O -levels O -at O -12 O -h O -, O -so O -that O -influx O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -into O -such O -cells O -cannot O -cause O -cross O -- O -linking O -by O -a O -transglutaminase O -- O -mediated O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -the O -highest O -density O -AA O -and O -SS O -erythrocytes O -are O -characterized O -by O -the O -lowest O -DPG O -: O -Hb O -values O -, O -their O -relatively O -low O -pHi O -cannot O -be O -ascribed O -to O -intracellular O -organic O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -High O -- O -resolution O -phosphorus B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -31 I-Chemical -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -( O -31P O -NMR O -) O -spectra O -of O -wild O -- O -type O -and O -mutant O -strains O -of O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -were O -observed O -at O -a O -frequency O -of O -145 O -. O -7 O -MHz O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -mutant O -strains O -were O -isolated O -and O -their O -biochemical O -defects O -characterized O -: O -pfk O -lacked O -phosphofructokinase O -activity O -; O -pgi O -lacked O -phosphoglucose O -isomerase O -activity O -; O -and O -cif O -had O -no O -glucose B-Chemical -catabolite O -repression O -of O -the O -fructose O -bisphosphatase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Separate O -signals O -for O -terminal O -, O -penultimate O -, O -and O -central O -phosphorus B-Chemical -atoms O -in O -intracellular O -polyphosphates O -allowed O -the O -estimation O -of O -their O -average O -molecular O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intracellular O -pH O -in O -resting O -and O -anaerobic O -cells O -was O -in O -the O -range O -6 O -. O -5 O -- O -- O -6 O -. O -8 O -and O -the O -level O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -( O -ATP O -) O -low O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -peak O -representing O -the O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -of O -one O -of O -the O -cellular O -organelles O -, O -whose O -pH O -differed O -from O -the O -cytoplasmic O -pH O -, O -could O -be O -detected O -under O -appropriate O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -study O -of O -solvent O -exchange O -and O -nuclear O -Overhauser O -effect O -of O -the O -histidine O -protons O -of O -bovine O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -. O - -aps B-category -Nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -studies O -on O -the O -structure O -of O -the O -tetrapeptide O -tuftsin O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -threonyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lysyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -prolyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -, O -and O -its O -pentapeptide O -analogue O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -threonyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lysyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -prolyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -prolyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -cleaves O -yeast O -RNA O -, O -poly O -( O -U O -) O -, O -poly O -( O -U O -) O -, O -poly O -( O -C O -) O -and O -denatured O -DNA O -to O -yield O -oligonucleotides O -with O -5 O -' O -- O -phosphoryl O -and O -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -hydroxyl I-Chemical -ends O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -particulate O -enzyme O -was O -solubilized O -by O -treatment O -with O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -and O -further O -purified O -by O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -fractionation O -, O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -and O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -100 O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -determined O -to O -have O -a O -subunit O -molecular O -weight O -of O -78 O -180 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4260 O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -chromatography O -and O -a O -tetrameric O -molecular O -weight O -of O -309 O -200 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4100 O -in O -the O -active O -state O -as O -determined O -by O -molecular O -sieve O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Purified O -chondrocytic O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -( O -orthophosphoric O -- O -monoester O -phosphohydrolase O -( O -alkaline O -optimum O -) O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -) O -from O -bovine O -fetal O -epiphyseal O -cartilage O -hydrolyzes O -a O -variety O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -esters O -as O -well O -as O -ATP O -and O -inorganic O -pyrophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -p O -- O -Nitrophenyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -demonstrates O -decreasing O -pH O -optima O -with O -decreasng O -substrate O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chondrocytic O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -is O -inhibited O -irreversibly O -by O -Be2 O -+ O -, O -EDTA O -, O -EGTA O -, O -ethane O -- O -1 O -- O -hydroxydiphosphonate O -, O -dichloromethane O -diphosphonate O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -, O -phenyl O -- O -methylsulfonyl O -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -and O -iodoacetamide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -bull O -sperm O -hyaluronidase O -( O -hyaluronate B-Chemical -3 O -- O -glycanohydrolase O -, O -EC O -3 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -36 O -) O -is O -increased O -by O -the O -inclusion O -of O -polycations O -in O -the O -assay O -mixture O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -fully O -carbamylated O -derivative O -of O -plasminogen O -having O -no O -free O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -has O -been O -prepared O -and O -converted O -by O -urokinase O -to O -an O -active O -enzyme O -, O -called O -carbamyl O -plasmin O -A O -, O -with O -a O -single O -free O -NH2 O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -group O -( O -Val O -- O -561 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -catalytically O -essential O -ionizing O -group O -of O -plasmin O -having O -a O -pK O -of O -8 O -. O -4 O -is O -the O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ammonium I-Chemical -group O -of O -the O -NH2 O -- O -terminal O -Val O -- O -561 O -or O -the O -light O -chain O -of O -plasmin O -, O -forming O -an O -ion O -pair O -with O -a O -COO O -- O -group O -of O -an O -aspartate B-Chemical -or O -glutamate B-Chemical -residue O -. O - -aps B-category -Cell O -surface O -Tos O -- O -Arg O -- O -OMe O -esterase O -activity O -was O -inhibited O -by O -aprotinin O -, O -benzamidine O -, O -pentamidine B-Chemical -, O -and O -a O -tris O -- O -amidine O -derivative O -( O -alpha O -, O -alpha O -' O -, O -alpha O -' O -' O -- O -tris O -( O -3 O -- O -amidinophenoxy O -) O -mesitylene O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidation O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -by O -a O -Pseudomonad O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -synthesized O -constitutively O -and O -purified O -about O -120 O -- O -fold O -from O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -grown I-Chemical -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -and O -other O -aldoses O -inhibited O -the O -enzyme O -reaction O -; O -this O -inhibition O -was O -competitive O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -as O -substrate O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -as O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -was O -estimated O -to O -be O -12 O -000 O -by O -gel O -filtration O -and O -SDS O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -and O -calcuated O -as O -11 O -950 O -from O -its O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pKa O -of O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -the O -deoxyuridylate O -- O -thymidylate O -synthase O -complex O -is O -therefore O -less O -than O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -nicotinamide O -adenine O -dinucleotides O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -cyanoborohydride O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -the O -active O -site O -of O -homogeneous O -thyroid O -purine B-Chemical -nucleoside B-Chemical -phosphorylase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -native O -enzyme O -appears O -to O -have O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -92 O -000 O -as O -determined O -by O -sedimentation O -equilibrum O -ultracentrifugation O -and O -is O -comprised O -of O -three O -subunits O -having O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -31 O -000 O -each O -as O -shown O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -inosine O -is O -effected O -by O -an O -imidazole O -ring O -of O -histidine O -( O -pKa O -5 O -. O -65 O -) O -and O -a O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -( O -pKa O -8 O -. O -5 O -) O -and O -the O -maximal O -velocity O -is O -restricted O -by O -an O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -which O -is O -essential O -for O -phosphate B-Chemical -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -model O -is O -proposed O -for O -the O -catalytic O -mechanism O -of O -purine B-Chemical -nucleoside B-Chemical -phosphorylase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -common O -type O -of O -pyrimidine O -nucleoside B-Chemical -monophosphate O -kinase O -( O -ATP O -: O -CMP O -phosphotransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O -14 O -) O -, O -purified O -50 O -000 O -- O -fold O -from O -human O -erythrotes O -, O -reacted O -with O -a O -wide O -variety O -of O -nucleotides O -, O -but O -only O -ATP O -, O -dATP O -, O -UMP O -and O -CMP O -were O -good O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -I O -. O -Glucocorticoid O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -Scatchard O -analyses O -of O -receptor O -- O -[ O -3H O -] O -triamcinolone B-Chemical -binding O -was O -performed O -in O -cell O -extracts O -prepared O -from O -cells O -at O -various O -times O -of O -G1 O -and O -S O -. O -Variations O -were O -observed O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -glucocorticoid O -receptor O -as O -well O -as O -in O -the O -affinity O -of O -the O -receptor O -for O -the O -hormone O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -sugars O -, O -alcohols O -, O -or O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -added O -to O -a O -medium O -with O -fructose O -, O -NV O -formation O -was O -inhibited O -, O -but O -not O -completely O -suppressed O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -highly O -purified O -, O -practically O -homogeneous O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -was O -isolated O -from O -pea O -leaf O -chloroplasts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -contains O -a O -large O -amount O -of O -dicarboxylic O -and O -sulfur O -- O -containing O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -process O -is O -inhibited O -by O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -substrate O -analogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -free O -urinary O -metabolites O -, O -homovanillic O -, O -indoleacetic O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -were O -measured O -in O -24 O -h O -urines O -obtained O -from O -seven O -highly O -selected O -drug O -- O -free O -chronic O -schizophrenic O -patients O -and O -seven O -mentally O -normal O -control O -subjects O -on O -a O -low O -amine B-Chemical -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -expressed O -per O -mg O -creatinine B-Chemical -, O -the O -homovanillic O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -levels O -of O -the O -chronic O -schizophrenic O -patients O -were O -in O -the O -normal O -range O -, O -but O -indoleacetic O -acid O -was O -slightly O -and O -statistically O -significantly O -higher O -, O -p O -= O -0 O -. O -01 O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -immobilized O -enzyme O -( O -pancreatic O -ribonuclease O -bound O -to O -porous O -titania O -) O -was O -investigated O -for O -the O -degradation O -of O -purified O -yeast O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -as O -a O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -antihistaminics O -on O -bradykinin B-Chemical -action O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Suppressor O -cells O -are O -resistant O -to O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -and O -carrageenan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Photoperiodic O -acclimation O -and O -circadian O -variations O -in O -tolerance O -of O -juvenile O -rainbow O -trout O -( O -Salmo O -gairdneri O -) O -to O -zinc B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -acted O -as O -a O -competitive O -antagonist O -to O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -greatest O -reduction O -was O -smaller O -than O -that O -produced O -by O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha O -2 O -- O -adrenoceptors O -mediate O -clonidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -sedation O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -intracerebroventricular O -injection O -, O -xylazine B-Chemical -, O -naphazoline B-Chemical -and O -methoxamine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -, O -produced O -similar O -effects O -. O -3 O -The O -sedation O -caused O -by O -intraperitoneal O -injection O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -was O -antagonized O -by O -intracerebroventricularly O -injected O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -yohimbine B-Chemical -, O -piperoxan O -and O -tolazoline O -but O -not O -by O -labetalol B-Chemical -, O -thymoxamine O -or O -prazosin B-Chemical -. O -4 O -The O -relative O -potencies O -of O -the O -agonists O -in O -causing O -sedation O -and O -of O -the O -antagonists O -in O -inhibiting O -the O -sedative O -effect O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -clearly O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -central O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -mediating O -clonidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -sedation O -are O -the O -same O -as O -the O -peripheral O -presynaptic O -alpha O -( O -2 O -) O -- O -adrenoceptors O -. O -5 O -All O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonists O -caused O -hypothermia O -after O -intracerebroventricular O -injection O -, O -but O -their O -order O -of O -potency O -was O -different O -from O -that O -in O -producing O -sedation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -with O -central O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -receptor O -blocking O -properties O -in O -the O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -and O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -waking O -EEG O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -Haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -6 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -which O -blocks O -central O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -NA O -) O -receptors O -, O -reversed O -the O -EEG O -desynchronizing O -actions O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -and O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -at O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -a O -dose O -which O -also O -produces O -blockade O -of O -NA O -receptors O -, O -pimozide O -counteracted O -the O -increase O -in O -waking O -elicited O -by O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -Our O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -increased O -waking O -time O -observed O -after O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -agonists O -is O -related O -to O -an O -increased O -availability O -of O -NA O -rather O -than O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -A O -slow O -- O -reacting O -substance O -( O -SRS O -) O -was O -prepared O -from O -the O -peritoneal O -fluid O -of O -rats O -treated O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -ionophore O -A23187 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -high O -pressure O -helium O -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -on O -the O -release O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -from O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -superfusion O -system O -was O -designed O -in O -which O -this O -tissue O -could O -be O -maintained O -under O -physiological O -conditions O -in O -a O -high O -pressure O -chamber O -. O -2 O -Helium O -, O -at O -a O -pressure O -of O -136 O -atm O -slightly O -increased O -the O -spontaneous O -output O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -but O -produced O -no O -significant O -changes O -at O -68 O -atm O -( O -136 O -atm O -is O -close O -to O -the O -lethal O -pressure O -for O -small O -mammals O -) O -. O -3 O -The O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -release O -evoked O -by O -electrical O -stimulation O -or O -by O -55 O -mM O -potassium B-Chemical -was O -not O -altered O -by O -136 O -atm O -of O -helium O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -increases O -were O -not O -changed O -when O -helium O -was O -used O -to O -increase O -the O -total O -pressure O -to O -136 O -atm O -, O -although O -this O -reverses O -the O -general O -anaesthetic O -actions O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -in O -vivo O -. O -5 O -The O -increases O -in O -rate O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -release O -produced O -by O -nitrogen B-Chemical -were O -observed O -in O -tetrodotoxintreated O -tissues O -and O -in O -tissues O -from O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -is O -not O -apparently O -related O -to O -its O -general O -anaesthetic O -actions O -. O - -aps B-category -Yohimbine B-Chemical -was O -of O -similar O -potency O -in O -reducing O -the O -pressor O -responses O -to O -each O -stimulus O -. O -3 O -A O -differential O -blocking O -activity O -of O -prazosin B-Chemical -against O -intra O -- O -arterial O -injections O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -was O -also O -demonstrated O -in O -the O -blood O -- O -perfused O -cat O -hind O -limb O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -, O -though O -less O -marked O -, O -effect O -was O -seen O -in O -the O -mesenteric O -circulation O -, O -but O -not O -in O -the O -renal O -circulation O -, O -where O -prazosin B-Chemical -was O -almost O -equipotent O -in O -reducing O -responses O -to O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O -4 O -In O -pithed O -rats O -prazosin B-Chemical -was O -a O -potent O -, O -competitive O -antagonist O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -, O -but O -had O -little O -effect O -against O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -; O -only O -the O -responses O -to O -high O -doses O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -were O -reduced O -by O -prazosin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -anococcygeus O -muscle O -, O -prazosin B-Chemical -was O -as O -potent O -an O -antagonist O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -as O -it O -was O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -on O -vascular O -smooth O -muscle O -. O -5 O -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -there O -are O -two O -types O -of O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -in O -the O -vasculature O -of O -cats O -and O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Noradrenaline O -exerts O -some O -of O -its O -effect O -via O -these O -receptors O -but O -most O -of O -its O -effect O -appears O -to O -be O -exerted O -through O -prazosin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -insensitive I-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -Catalepsy O -was O -produced O -in O -rats O -and O -mice O -by O -the O -subcutaneous O -injection O -of O -either O -tetrabenazine B-Chemical -or O -the O -butyrophenone O -U O -- O -32 O -, O -802A O -( O -4 O -' O -- O -fluoro O -- O -4 O -- O -{ O -[ O -4 O -- O -( O -p O -- O -fluorophenyl O -) O -- O -3 O -- O -cyclohexen O -- O -1 O -- O -yl O -] O -amino B-Chemical -} O -butyrophenone O -hydrochloride O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Otherwise O -untreated O -rats O -given O -this O -dose O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -behaved O -normally O -on O -the O -grid O -. O -4 O -The O -anticataleptic O -effect O -of O -PCPA B-Chemical -was O -reversed O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -. O -5 O -Measurable O -changes O -in O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -metabolism O -in O -the O -rat O -forebrain O -accompanied O -the O -modification O -of O -catalepsy O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -and O -PCPA B-Chemical -. O -6 O -Methysergide O -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -given O -30 O -min O -before O -the O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -to O -either O -mice O -or O -rats O -reduced O -the O -catalepsy O -, O -assessed O -2 O -. O -5 O -h O -after O -the O -methysergide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -in O -the O -mouse O -, O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -the O -subcutaneous O -injection O -of O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -was O -abolished O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -but O -not O -affected O -by O -either O -methysergide B-Chemical -or O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -. O -9 O -Atropine B-Chemical -greatly O -reduced O -the O -catalepsy O -induced O -by O -U O -- O -32 O -, O -802A O -and O -tetrabenazine B-Chemical -but O -lowered O -striatal O -homovanillic O -acid O -( O -HVA O -) O -only O -after O -U O -- O -32 O -, O -802A O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -on O -responses O -of O -the O -rabbit O -ear O -artery O -to O -electrical O -stimulation O -and O -to O -exogenous O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -and O -to O -exogenous O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -NA O -) O -were O -investigated O -. O -2 O -Both O -intraluminal O -( O -I O -/ O -L O -) O -and O -extraluminal O -( O -E O -/ O -L O -) O -histamine B-Chemical -potentiated O -responses O -to O -E O -. O -S O -. O - -aps B-category -or O -I O -/ O -L O -NA O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -In O -chloralose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anaesthetized I-Chemical -dogs O -pretreated O -with O -guanethidine B-Chemical -and O -pancuronium B-Chemical -, O -electrical O -stimulation O -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -to O -5 O -Hz O -) O -of O -the O -peripheral O -end O -of O -the O -cut O -tibial O -nerve O -caused O -a O -frequency O -- O -dependent O -increase O -in O -femoral O -blood O -flow O -which O -was O -restricted O -to O -the O -paw O -pads O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -, O -however O -, O -attenuated O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -by O -intra O -- O -arterial O -administration O -of O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -ergometrine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -05 O -to O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -response O -was O -not O -due O -to O -inhibition O -of O -adrenergic O -vasomotor O -tone O -and O -was O -abolished O -by O -systemic O -ganglion O -blockade O -or O -by O -tibial O -nerve O -section O -as O -well O -as O -by O -femoral O -arterial O -administration O -of O -ergometrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Antagonism O -of O -vasodepressor O -and O -gastric O -secretory O -responses O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -by O -ranitidine B-Chemical -and O -cimetidine B-Chemical -in O -the O -anaesthetised O -dog O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Modulation O -of O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -forepaw O -myoclonus O -in O -the O -rat O -by O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -improved O -on O -tricyclics O -alone O -, O -whereas O -all O -those O -treated O -initially O -with O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -improved O -. O - -aps B-category -New O -radiopharmaceuticals O -including O -iodine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -123 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Fink O -- O -Heimer O -silver B-Chemical -impregnation O -revealed O -dense O -terminal O -degeneration O -in O -the O -nigra O -itself O -( O -both O -in O -the O -compacta O -and O -in O -the O -reticulata O -) O -and O -in O -areas O -of O -non O -- O -dopaminergic O -nigral O -projection O -such O -as O -the O -ventromedial O -( O -VM O -) O -nucleus O -of O -the O -thalamus O -, O -the O -superior O -colliculus O -and O -the O -reticular O -formation O -; O -only O -spare O -terminal O -degeneration O -was O -found O -in O -areas O -of O -dopaminergic O -projection O -such O -as O -the O -caudate O -and O -septum O -. O - -aps B-category -Nerve O -growth O -factor O -: O -effects O -on O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -activity O -and O -brain O -monoamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -lesions O -were O -previously O -reported O -to O -attenuate O -the O -locomotor O -response O -to O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Levels O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -in O -the O -striatum O -and O -nucleus O -accumbens O -were O -equivalently O -depressed O -in O -the O -two O -lesion O -groups O -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -apparent O -recovery O -of O -the O -NGF O -- O -treated O -rats O -was O -probably O -not O -due O -to O -catecholaminergic O -neuronal O -regrowth O -. O - -aps B-category -NGF O -might O -increase O -dopamine B-Chemical -turnover O -at O -15 O -days O -, O -but O -the O -evidence O -obtained O -did O -not O -convincingly O -confirm O -or O -negate O -this O -possibility O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurochemical O -plasticity O -: O -increased O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -activity O -in O -the O -olfactory O -tubercle O -following O -olfactory O -bulb O -removal O -during O -postnatal O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -retinal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -: O -long O -- O -term O -exposure O -to O -light O -increased O -the O -apparent O -Vmax O -without O -a O -concomitant O -increase O -of O -immunotitratable O -enzyme O -molecules O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Binding O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -dihydrotestosterone O -to O -plasma O -proteins O -in O -rabbits O -under O -different O -physiological O -conditions O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -radioimmunoassay O -( O -RIA O -) O -for O -oxytocin B-Chemical -( O -OT O -) O -in O -urine O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -unique O -ip O -injection O -( O -11 O -, O -78 O -mEq O -/ O -kg O -) O -LiCl B-Chemical -increases O -in O -the O -Rat O -catalepsy O -produced O -by O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -prochlorperazine B-Chemical -, O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -, O -levomepromazine B-Chemical -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -reserpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -repeated O -injections O -of O -LiCl B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mEq O -/ O -kg O -/ O -d O -/ O -5 O -dip O -) O -potentiation O -of O -catalepsy O -is O -more O -fugacious O -and O -not O -produced O -by O -levomepromazine B-Chemical -and O -reserpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -general O -pattern O -of O -increased O -glycogen O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -with O -decreased O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -, O -and O -malate B-Chemical -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -qualitative O -difference O -between O -the O -two O -drugs O -was O -that O -higher O -doses O -of O -GBL O -were O -associated O -with O -additional O -decreases O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -initial O -increase O -followed O -by O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -pH O -oscillation O -was O -seen O -when O -hearts O -were O -perfused O -with O -medium O -containing O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -the O -cancerostatic O -CCNU B-Chemical -with O -the O -catalytic O -site O -of O -transglutaminase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -electrophoretic O -mobility O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -extracted O -from O -the O -cells O -coincided O -with O -that O -of O -a O -novel O -isozyme O -found O -in O -human O -renal O -carcinoma O -tissue O -, O -and O -the O -genetic O -phenotype O -of O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -proved O -to O -be O -the O -B O -phenotype O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tissue O -distribution O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -estramustine O -, O -the O -dephosphorylated O -metabolite O -of O -estramustine O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -Estracyt O -) O -, O -in O -the O -male O -rat O -was O -compared O -to O -that O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -estradiol B-Chemical -30 O -min O -and O -2 O -hr O -following O -i O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -a O -dextran B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -coated I-Chemical -charcoal B-Chemical -technique O -, O -the O -protein O -was O -found O -to O -bind O -estramustine O -with O -a O -broad O -pH O -optimum O -between O -pH O -7 O -and O -pH O -8 O -. O -5 O -, O -with O -an O -apparent O -Kd O -of O -10 O -to O -30 O -nM O -, O -and O -with O -a O -binding O -capacity O -of O -about O -5 O -nmol O -/ O -mg O -cytosol O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -a O -nitrogen B-Chemical -mustard O -moiety O -at O -position O -3 O -of O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -was O -necessary O -for O -high O -- O -affinity O -binding O -to O -the O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Appearance O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -, O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -and O -phenylethanolamine O -N O -- O -methyltransferase O -during O -the O -ontogenesis O -of O -the O -adrenal O -medulla O -: O -an O -immunohistochemical O -study O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Tissues O -were O -fixed O -in O -ice O -- O -cold O -4 O -% O -paraformaldehyde O -in O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Radioactively O -labelled O -benzene B-Chemical -, O -phenol B-Chemical -, O -chlorobenzene O -, O -BP O -and O -MC O -were O -incubated O -with O -liver O -microsomes O -from O -control O -, O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -MC O -- O -treated O -rats O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -generating I-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Benzene O -, O -phenol B-Chemical -and O -chlorobenzene O -metabolites O -showed O -one O -type O -of O -binding O -pattern O -dominated O -by O -a O -band O -at O -72 O -000 O -Mr O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -generating I-Chemical -system O -was O -essential O -for O -metabolite O -binding O -and O -GSH O -and O -UDPGA O -greatly O -reduced O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -Consideration O -of O -the O -known O -chemistry O -of O -dioxolanes O -, O -together O -with O -recent O -advances O -in O -the O -understanding O -of O -double O -Soret O -spectra O -, O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -possible O -explanation O -for O -the O -differences O -between O -the O -spectra O -of O -dioxolanes O -and O -their O -aromatic O -analogs O -, O -the O -methylenedioxyphenyl O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -abolished O -the O -antihypertensive O -effects O -of O -intravenously O -and O -intracisternally O -administered O -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -in O -dogs O -with O -acute O -neurogenic O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -determine O -the O -effect O -of O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -on O -the O -profile O -of O -hepatic O -oxygen B-Chemical -supply O -and O -selected O -blood O -parameters O -in O -fasted O -, O -male O -rats O -administered O -an O -LD85 O -dosage O -of O -E O -coli O -endotoxin O -intraperitoneally O -. O - -aps B-category -Beginning O -with O -the O -fourth O -hour O -, O -untreated O -endotoxin O -rats O -had O -significantly O -higher O -heart O -rates O -and O -lower O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -; O -by O -the O -sixth O -or O -eighth O -hour O -there O -was O -significantly O -greater O -hypocapnia O -, O -lower O -blood O -pH O -, O -and O -higher O -plasma O -lactate B-Chemical -levels O -in O -comparison O -to O -endotoxic O -rats O -receiving O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Methylprednisolone O -controls O -showed O -a O -steady O -increase O -of O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -levels O -through O -eight O -hours O -but O -were O -otherwise O -stable O -. O - -aps B-category -Improved O -method O -for O -accurate O -quantitation O -of O -total O -and O -conjugated O -bilirubin B-Chemical -in O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -modifications O -to O -the O -original O -continuous O -- O -flow O -procedure O -for O -dialyzable O -calcium B-Chemical -( O -Clin O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -activity O -against O -hippuryl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -cultured O -skin O -fibroblasts O -from O -controls O -and O -cystic O -fibrosis O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -erythrocyte O -thiol B-Chemical -methyltransferase O -: O -radiochemical O -microassay O -and O -biochemical O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -and O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -were O -used O -as O -substrates O -for O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -Michaelis O -- O -Menten O -( O -KM O -) O -value O -for O -the O -methyl O -donor O -for O -the O -reaction O -, O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -, O -was O -43 O -mumol O -/ O -l O -. O - -aps B-category -According O -to O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -, O -purified O -arylsulfatase O -A O -consistently O -contained O -two O -subunits O -of O -slightly O -different O -sizes O -: O -approximately O -69 O -000 O -and O -57 O -000 O -daltons O -, O -but O -were O -not O -present O -in O -stoichiometrically O -equal O -amounts O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -compared O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -by O -erythrocytes O -from O -patients O -with O -Duchenne O -muscular O -dystrophy O -and O -by O -erythrocytes O -from O -control O -individuals O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -incubation O -medium O -was O -changed O -to O -8 O -. O -0 O -, O -we O -found O -that O -the O -increase O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -production O -for O -the O -dystrophic O -group O -was O -significantly O -larger O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -continuous O -flow O -method O -has O -been O -developed O -for O -the O -automatic O -determination O -of O -enterokinase O -in O -rat O -small O -intesstine O -mucosa O -and O -/ O -or O -luminal B-Chemical -content O -. O - -aps B-category -Variations O -in O -the O -extracellular O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -( O -from O -0 O -. O -5 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -to O -22 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -) O -had O -no O -direct O -effect O -on O -the O -arterial O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Variations O -in O -the O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -within O -the O -physiological O -range O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -dose O -- O -dependent O -responses O -to O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -and O -metabolism O -of O -lead B-Chemical -and O -cadmium O -in O -coho O -salmon O -( O -Oncorhynchus O -kisutch O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Zinc O -in O -the O -gills O -of O -the O -dogfish O -( O -Scyliorhinus O -canicula O -L O -. O -) O -related O -to O -experimental O -aquatic O -zinc B-Chemical -pollution O -. O - -aps B-category -Maturation O -- O -and O -species O -- O -related O -differences O -in O -inotropic O -response O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Daily O -rhythms O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -N O -- O -acetyltransferase O -in O -chicks O -. O - -aps B-category -Fructose O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -bisphosphatase O -and O -total O -proteolytic O -activity O -in O -the O -liver O -of O -Salmo O -gairdneri O -: O -effects O -of O -ph O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -new O -postsynaptic O -alpha O -- O -receptor O -blocker O -prazosin B-Chemical -, O -is O -generally O -free O -of O -the O -side O -effects O -that O -precluded O -the O -use O -of O -alpha O -- O -blockers O -which O -affected O -both O -pre O -- O -and O -postsynaptic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -of O -our O -experience O -has O -been O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -but O -other O -beta O -- O -blockers O -, O -now O -used O -in O -England O -and O -Europe O -, O -are O -likely O -to O -become O -available O -in O -the O -United O -States O -. O - -aps B-category -General O -guidelines O -for O -the O -use O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -are O -given O -in O -Table O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -doing O -well O -on O -propranolol B-Chemical -therapy O -should O -continue O -to O -receive O -that O -drug O -; O -patients O -being O -started O -on O -a O -beta O -- O -blocker O -therapy O -can O -be O -given O -the O -choice O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -, O -in O -the O -near O -future O -, O -other O -beta O -- O -blockers O -as O -well O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -estrone O -and O -estradiol B-Chemical -glucuronyltransferase O -activity O -in O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -microsomal O -estrone O -and O -estradiol B-Chemical -glucuronyltransferase O -activity O -were O -examined O -in O -nonpregnant O -female O -and O -pregnant O -rats O -and O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -pretreatment O -of O -pregnant O -rats O -, O -however O -, O -increased O -estradiol B-Chemical -glucuronyltransferase O -activity O -approximately O -twofold O -and O -estrone O -glucuronyltransferase O -activity O -approximately O -threefold O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -isoniazid B-Chemical -treatment O -on O -selected O -hepatic O -mixed O -- O -function O -oxidases O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoniazid B-Chemical -treatment O -significantly O -increased O -the O -rate O -of O -metabolism O -of O -p O -- O -nitroanisole O -, O -ethoxyresorufin O -, O -aniline O -, O -methoxyflurane B-Chemical -, O -enflurane B-Chemical -, O -isoflurane B-Chemical -, O -and O -sevoflurane B-Chemical -, O -significantly O -decreased O -the O -rate O -of O -metabolism O -of O -aminopyrine O -, O -and O -did O -not O -alter O -the O -activity O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -or O -the O -microsomal O -contents O -of O -cytochromes O -b5 O -and O -P O -- O -450 O -per O -mg O -of O -microsomal O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -isoniazid B-Chemical -treatment O -resulted O -in O -a O -shift O -in O -the O -( O -reduced O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -plus O -CO O -) O -absorption O -maximum O -from O -450 O -to O -451 O -nm O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -nitrite B-Chemical -on O -rabbit O -liver O -mixed O -- O -function O -oxidase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -hepatic O -metabolism O -of O -EM O -and O -BP O -was O -not O -strain O -- O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -genetic O -control O -of O -adrenal O -microsomal O -drug O -and O -steroid B-Chemical -metabolism O -appear O -to O -be O -independent O -of O -one O -another O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -spironolactone B-Chemical -pretreatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Biliary O -excretion O -and O -perfusate O -disappearance O -of O -3H O -- O -digitoxin O -were O -significantly O -increased O -in O -livers O -taken O -from O -spironolactone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pretreated I-Chemical -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Multiplicity O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -hydroxylases O -in O -a O -reconstituted O -hepatic O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -system O -from O -uninduced O -male O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -sulfation O -of O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylaminofluorene I-Chemical -( O -NOH O -- O -2AAF O -) O -by O -rat O -liver O -100 O -, O -000 O -g O -supernatant O -fraction O -in O -vitro O -, O -an O -unidentified O -metabolite O -is O -produced O -which O -accounts O -for O -22 O -% O -of O -the O -N O -- O -OH O -- O -2AAF O -metabolized O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -of O -animals O -with O -the O -mono O -- O -oxygenase O -inducer O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -( O -PB O -) O -increased O -the O -epoxidation O -rate O -3 O -- O -fold O -, O -whereas O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -( O -MC O -) O -treatment O -markedly O -depressed O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -fate O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -oral O -administration O -of O -14C O -- O -labeled O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -to O -two O -healthy O -male O -subjects O -, O -most O -of O -the O -radioactivity O -( O -87 O -and O -78 O -% O -of O -the O -dose O -) O -was O -recovered O -in O -urine O -over O -a O -period O -of O -16 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -formation O -of O -metabolites O -I O -- O -V O -the O -fused O -2 O -- O -methyloxazoline O -ring O -is O -unmetabolized O -, O -whereas O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -moiety O -follows O -the O -general O -metabolic O -pathways O -reported O -for O -other O -related O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Burst O -frequency O -was O -seen O -to O -decrease O -as O -a O -result O -of O -a O -5 O -- O -min O -exposure O -to O -different O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -environments O -at O -all O -ages O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Salbutamol B-Chemical -and O -beta O -- O -blockers O -inhibited O -immune O -hemolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -compound O -P10 O -, O -administered O -subcutaneously O -in O -a O -guinea O -pig O -in O -a O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -body O -weight O -30 O -minutes O -before O -the O -occurrence O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -shock O -, O -prevented O -its O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -more O -appropriate O -proteins O -to O -be O -used O -as O -substrates O -are O -the O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -terminally I-Chemical -blocked O -ones O -. O - -aps B-category -Reaction O -of O -rat O -hepatic O -glucokinase O -with O -substrate O -- O -related O -and O -other O -alkylating B-Chemical -agents I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -contribution O -of O -the O -interaction O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -ions O -with O -deoxy O -and O -oxyhemoglobin O -to O -the O -Bohr O -effect O -can O -be O -described O -by O -a O -simple O -binding O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chloride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -independent I-Chemical -part O -of O -the O -Bohr O -effect O -corresponds O -with O -the O -shift O -in O -pK O -which O -His O -- O -146 O -beta O -shows O -upon O -oxygenation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -analysis O -of O -the O -experimental O -data O -indicates O -the O -existence O -of O -only O -two O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -ion O -binding O -sites O -in O -both O -deoxy O -and O -oxyhemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -combined O -with O -enzymic O -analyses O -of O -the O -oxidized O -coenzyme O -forms O -, O -NAD O -/ O -NADH O -and O -NADP O -/ O -NADPH B-Chemical -ratios O -could O -also O -be O -obtained O -from O -the O -same O -extracts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acute O -effects O -upon O -blood O -pressure O -and O -sympathetic O -outflow O -of O -two O -beta O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -drugs O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -atenolol B-Chemical -, O -are O -described O -in O -five O -healthy O -normotensive O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -caused O -a O -fall O -in O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -of O -17 O -. O -2 O -/ O -14 O -. O -1 O -mm O -Hg O -and O -20 O -. O -4 O -beats O -/ O -min O -respectively O -two O -hours O -after O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -treatment O -for O -1 O -- O -- O -4 O -weeks O -with O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -1 O -- O -selective O -blocking O -agent O -, O -or O -alprenolol O -, O -on O -the O -heart O -rate O -and O -blood O -pressure O -response O -to O -isometric O -exercise O -was O -studied O -in O -two O -groups O -of O -12 O -patients O -with O -angina O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rise O -in O -heart O -rate O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -( O -by O -36 O -- O -- O -50 O -% O -) O -by O -metoprolol B-Chemical -40 O -and O -50 O -mg O -and O -alprenolol O -200 O -mg O -. O -No O -patient O -experienced O -angina O -during O -handgrip O -. O - -aps B-category -Repeated O -doses O -of O -a O -1 O -, O -5 O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -, O -clobazam O -, O -were O -administered O -to O -a O -group O -of O -consenting O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -compared O -to O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -DL O -071 O -IT O -has O -a O -longer O -duration O -of O -action O -and O -is O -from O -5 O -. O -0 O -to O -13 O -. O -5 O -times O -more O -potent O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -, O -specific O -and O -highly O -sensitive O -method O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -based O -on O -high O -performance O -liquid O -chromatography O -on O -a O -C18 O -reverse O -- O -phase O -column O -, O -coupled O -with O -electrochemical O -detection O -has O -been O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -neuroleptic I-Chemical -trans O -- O -isomer O -of O -flupenthixol O -was O -without O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -imply O -that O -certain O -behavioural O -, O -biochemical O -and O -neuropharmacological O -studies O -, O -based O -on O -apomorphine B-Chemical -in O -combination O -with O -other O -drugs O -, O -may O -need O -reinterpretation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -positive O -chronotropic O -effect O -( O -PCE O -) O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -cultured O -neonatal O -rat O -heart O -cells O -was O -monitored O -using O -a O -microscopic O -method O -as O -well O -as O -an O -electro O -- O -optically O -recording O -device O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -PCE O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -reduced O -by O -pretreating O -the O -cells O -with O -antihistaminic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -PCE O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -abolished O -when O -the O -cells O -were O -in O -presence O -of O -high O -K O -+ O -medium O -( O -26 O -mEq O -) O -but O -contraction O -and O -action O -potential O -amplitudes O -were O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexamethasone B-Chemical -induces O -increased O -catecholamine B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -in O -cultured O -neuroblastoma O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -injection O -into O -the O -substantia O -nigra O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -immunoreactive O -cell O -bodies O -in O -the O -zona O -compacta O -disappeared O -, O -whereas O -no O -certain O -effect O -could O -be O -seen O -on O -the O -enkephalin O -immunoreactive O -nerve O -fibers O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -compared O -to O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -ibotenic O -acid O -has O -the O -advantage O -of O -being O -less O -toxic O -to O -the O -animals O -and O -of O -producing O -more O -discrete O -lesions O -, O -possibly O -due O -to O -faster O -metabolism O -and O -/ O -or O -other O -fundamental O -biochemical O -differences O -. O - -aps B-category -Aldehyde O -reductase O -from O -human O -liver O -catalyzes O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -transfer O -from O -the O -pro O -- O -4R O -position O -on O -the O -dihydronicotinamide O -ring O -of O -the O -coenzyme O -to O -the O -re O -face O -of O -the O -carbonyl O -carbon B-Chemical -atom O -of O -the O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phosphoenol O -pyruvate B-Chemical -carboxylase O -was O -found O -as O -a O -particulate O -enzyme O -in O -the O -mesophyll O -cell O -chloroplasts O -and O -ribulose O -1 O -, O -5 O -- O -biphosphate O -carboxylase O -in O -the O -stroma O -of O -the O -bundle O -sheath O -cell O -chloroplasts O -. O - -aps B-category -Anxiety O -assessed O -by O -means O -of O -the O -brain O -evoked O -potential O -test O -and O -by O -a O -clinical O -test O -according O -to O -Gologorsky O -' O -s O -scale O -reduced O -2 O -hours O -following O -both O -phenazepam O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Ap4A O -and O -Ap5A O -prefer O -folded O -unstacked O -conformations O -at O -pH O -4 O -- O -5 O -, O -in O -sharp O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -Ap2A O -and O -Ap3A O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -is O -considered O -generally O -to O -be O -the O -rate O -- O -limiting O -step O -in O -lipogenesis O -, O -there O -is O -evidence O -that O -suggests O -that O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -may O -become O -rate O -limiting O -under O -certain O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -are O -reviewed O -that O -show O -that O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -can O -exist O -in O -forms O -possessing O -different O -catalytic O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduced O -, O -radical O -, O -and O -excited O -state O -oxygen B-Chemical -in O -leukocyte O -microbicidal O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Microassay O -and O -properties O -of O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -phosphatase O -in O -rat O -pineal O -gland O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -interim O -report O -at O -six O -months O -of O -a O -post O -- O -marketing O -surveillance O -study O -of O -Euhypnos O -Forte O -, O -a O -new O -high O -- O -dose O -temazepam B-Chemical -preparation O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -insomniac O -patients O -resistant O -to O -conventional O -hypnotic O -dosage O -. O - -aps B-category -Euhypnos O -Forte O -was O -rated O -effective O -by O -85 O -. O -5 O -% O -of O -the O -874 O -patients O -who O -had O -previously O -found O -nitrazepam B-Chemical -unsatisfactory O -, O -and O -by O -90 O -. O -0 O -% O -of O -the O -201 O -who O -found O -barbiturates O -unsatisfactory O -. O - -aps B-category -Efficacy O -and O -safety O -of O -the O -1 O -, O -5 O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -, O -clobazam O -, O -in O -comparison O -to O -the O -1 O -, O -4 O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -were O -controlled O -in O -sixty O -psychiatric O -out O -- O -patients O -over O -a O -period O -of O -three O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Epidermal B-Chemical -growth I-Chemical -factor I-Chemical -and O -nerve O -growth O -factor O -in O -mouse O -saliva O -: O -a O -comparative O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostaglandin O -synthetase O -activity O -in O -acute O -ulcerative O -colitis O -: O -effects O -of O -treatment O -with O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -, O -codeine B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -prednisolone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -studies O -have O -shown O -that O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -is O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthetase O -, O -although O -less O -potent O -than O -indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -prednisolone B-Chemical -and O -codeine B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -were O -inactive O -. O - -aps B-category -Response O -of O -male O -rate O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -saccharin O -ingestion O -: O -urine O -composition O -and O -mineral O -balance O -. O - -aps B-category -Permeability O -changes O -of O -the O -thoracic O -aortic O -wall O -of O -the O -rat O -were O -examined O -under O -light O -microscopy O -using O -the O -silver B-Chemical -staining O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -contrast B-Chemical -agents O -were O -divided O -into O -three O -groups O -according O -to O -the O -extent O -of O -increasing O -endothelial O -damage O -: O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Methylglucamine O -metrizoate B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -methylglucamine O -iodamide O -, O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ionic O -contrast B-Chemical -agents O -were O -equal O -in O -hypertonicity O -and O -metrizamide O -was O -nearly O -isotonic O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Long O -- O -term O -effect O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -containing O -antacids O -on O -basally O -and O -peptone O -- O -stimulated O -hydrochloric O -acid O -secretion O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -the O -effect O -of O -a O -single O -large O -dose O -of O -2000 O -mg O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -was O -studied O -on O -meal O -- O -stimulated O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -before O -and O -after O -this O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Spironolactone B-Chemical -in O -respiratory O -insufficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -Parturition O -was O -preceded O -by O -the O -normal O -increase O -in O -fetal O -plasma O -cortisol B-Chemical -concentrations O -and O -occurred O -at O -the O -normal O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -tiamulin O -is O -excluded O -from O -the O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -general O -, O -the O -holoenzymes O -( O -type O -I O -and O -II O -) O -focus O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -- O -5 O -. O -5 O -, O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -regulatory O -subunit O -below O -pH O -4 O -, O -whereas O -catalytic O -subunits O -are O -found O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -7 O -- O -9 O -. O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Improved O -elution O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -accomplished O -by O -8 O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -aminobutyl O -) O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cAMP I-Chemical -instead O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -Utilization O -of O -the O -substrate O -cytidine O -monophosphate O -was O -normal O -, O -but O -utilization O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -monophosphate O -was O -greatly O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -demonstrated O -that O -new O -, O -small O -molecular O -weight O -fragments O -appeared O -after O -irradiation O -of O -purified O -E O -. O -coli O -pili O -, O -suggesting O -that O -cleavage O -of O -the O -peptide O -chain O -rather O -than O -disassociation O -of O -pilin O -monomers O -accounted O -for O -the O -loss O -of O -pili O -structure O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -initially O -reported O -that O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -( O -LPS O -) O -- O -unresponsive O -C3H O -/ O -HeJ O -mice O -are O -refractory O -to O -LPS O -at O -the O -B O -- O -lymphocyte O -level O -, O -but O -more O -recently O -it O -has O -been O -shown O -that O -other O -cells O -are O -similarly O -unaffected O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -stimulation O -was O -seen O -in O -rate O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -the O -C3H O -/ O -HeJ O -animals O -after O -treatment O -with O -phenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -extracted I-Chemical -LPS O -or O -with O -butanol O -- O -extracted O -LPS O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -showed O -that O -both O -enzymes O -cleaved O -IgA1 O -myeloma O -sera O -, O -but O -not O -IgA2 O -, O -into O -two O -fragments O -. O - -aps B-category -Large O -- O -scale O -production O -of O -crude O -high O -- O -titered O -( O -10 O -( O -2 O -. O -3 O -) O -to O -10 O -( O -4 O -) O -U O -/ O -ml O -) O -human O -immune O -interferon B-Chemical -( O -type O -II O -) O -was O -carried O -out O -in O -roller O -bottle O -cultures O -of O -human O -peripheral O -lymphocytes O -by O -using O -the O -T O -- O -cell O -mitogen O -staphylococcal O -enterotoxin O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -development O -of O -the O -antiviral O -state O -were O -slow O -for O -immune O -interferon B-Chemical -relative O -to O -those O -for O -leukocyte O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -column O -elution O -buffer O -consisting O -of O -18 O -% O -ethylene O -glycol O -and O -1 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -buffered I-Chemical -saline O -resulted O -in O -at O -least O -100 O -% O -recovery O -of O -added O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -efficiency O -of O -the O -production O -was O -comparable O -to O -that O -described O -for O -large O -- O -scale O -production O -of O -human O -leukocyte O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pili O -are O -composed O -of O -two O -protein O -subunits O -with O -molecular O -weights O -of O -13 O -, O -100 O -and O -12 O -, O -500 O -as O -determined O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -attachment O -was O -also O -observed O -when O -glucose B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -to O -2 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -) O -was O -added O -to O -the O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -- O -containing O -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -Antihypertensive O -efficacy O -of O -a O -new O -long O -acting O -hydralazine B-Chemical -like O -vasodilator O -, O -ISF O -2469 O -in O -combination O -with O -a O -betablocker O -and O -a O -diuretic B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Progestational O -potency O -of O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -: O -a O -polemic O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -actions O -of O -progestagens B-Chemical -in O -target O -organs O -depend O -upon O -the O -specific O -binding O -of O -the O -compounds O -to O -a O -protein O -receptor O -that O -is O -produced O -by O -estrogen B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -polemic O -involving O -progestational O -potency O -of O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -( O -OCs O -) O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -on O -the O -reproductive O -system O -of O -the O -male O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -testes O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -animals O -revealed O -the O -following O -changes O -: O -thickened O -capsule O -, O -atrophic O -seminiferous O -tubules O -and O -damaged O -germinal O -epithelium O -, O -in O -addition O -to O -multinucleated O -giant O -cells O -, O -fragmented O -spermatozoa O -, O -and O -desquamated O -spermatocytes O -in O -the O -lumen O -of O -the O -tubules O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -investigation O -indicates O -that O -alcohol B-Chemical -adversely O -affects O -spermatogenesis O -and O -testicular O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -hundred O -and O -fifty O -- O -eight O -women O -were O -followed O -for O -3 O -, O -586 O -cycles O -in O -a O -controlled O -, O -randomized O -, O -open O -trial O -designed O -to O -compare O -two O -biphasic O -and O -one O -triphasic O -norgestrel O -/ O -ethinyl B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -( O -ee O -) O -regimens O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -estrogenic O -hormones O -on O -uteroplacental O -hemodynamics O -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -production O -in O -the O -sheep O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diagnosis O -of O -Kallmann O -' O -s O -syndrome O -was O -performed O -under O -the O -determination O -of O -low O -circulating O -level O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17 I-Chemical -beta O -and O -gonadotropins O -and O -low O -sensitivity O -to O -an O -olfactometer O -. O - -aps B-category -Ovarian O -response O -to O -exogenous O -gonadotropins O -was O -affirmed O -by O -increased O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17 I-Chemical -beta O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -were O -follwed O -with O -checks O -of O -daily O -basal O -body O -temperature O -, O -cervical O -mucus O -characteristics O -, O -urinary O -total O -estrogens B-Chemical -and O -pregnanediol O -, O -plasma O -LH O -and O -FSH O -, O -and O -twice O -- O -weekly O -clinical O -checkups O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethynyl O -estradiol B-Chemical -( O -50 O -microgram O -orally O -) O -was O -given O -twice O -on O -day O -14 O -followed O -by O -250 O -microgram O -of O -D O -- O -Ala O -- O -6 O -- O -LH O -- O -RH O -PA O -for O -the O -following O -3 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -carbohydrate O -and O -lipid O -metabolism O -of O -100 O -women O -using O -an O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -norgestrel O -+ O -0 O -. O -05 O -mg O -ethinyl B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -) O -and O -of O -96 O -women O -using O -mechanical O -contraceptives O -was O -monitored O -over O -a O -2 O -- O -year O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Triglycerides O -, O -total O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -and O -body O -weight O -were O -also O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -greater O -percentage O -of O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -users O -had O -borderline O -- O -abnormal O -oral O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -tests O -but O -the O -abnormalities O -did O -not O -persist O -in O -the O -same O -individuals O -during O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Deposits O -of O -lead B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -specifically O -restricted O -to O -the O -exposed O -surface O -of O -nuclei O -were O -interpreted O -as O -an O -indication O -of O -a O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphatase I-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -phosphohydrolase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -hundred O -and O -two O -women O -using O -an O -intrauterine O -copper B-Chemical -device O -( O -Cu O -IUD O -) O -were O -studied O -for O -determination O -of O -HCG O -in O -blood O -plasma O -specimens O -obtained O -during O -the O -last O -5 O -days O -of O -the O -menstrual O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -on O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -and O -steroid B-Chemical -synthesis O -by O -the O -marmoset O -ovary O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -production O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -, O -however O -, O -was O -unaffected O -by O -the O -blockade O -in O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -suggest O -that O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -are O -required O -for O -follicular O -rupture O -but O -not O -for O -progesterone B-Chemical -and O -estradiol B-Chemical -production O -by O -the O -ovary O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -a O -28 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -cretin O -woman O -who O -presented O -with O -long O -- O -term O -untreated O -primary O -hypothyroidism O -, O -primary O -amenorrhea O -, O -hyperprolactinemia O -, O -and O -an O -enlarged O -pituitary O -fossa O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -may O -have O -an O -early O -direct O -effect O -on O -the O -ovary O -in O -hyperprolactinemic O -amenorrhea O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -two O -or O -more O -previous O -spontaneous O -second O -trimester O -abortions O -and O -vaginal O -cytology O -indicating O -a O -poor O -progestational O -response O -in O -current O -pregnancies O -were O -selected O -for O -treatment O -with O -Provera O -( O -medroxyprogesterone O -acetate O -) O -and O -/ O -or O -Delalutin O -( O -17 O -alpha O -- O -hydroxyprogesterone O -caproate B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -14 O -progestagen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -patients O -, O -four O -aborted O -during O -the O -second O -trimester O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -progesterone B-Chemical -and O -estradiol B-Chemical -analysis O -may O -eventually O -be O -useful O -in O -identifying O -patients O -who O -will O -best O -respond O -to O -progestagen B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -azide O -radical O -N3 O -reacts O -selectively O -with O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -in O -neutral O -solution O -preferentially O -with O -tryptophan B-Chemical -( O -k O -( O -N3 O -+ O -TrpH O -) O -= O -4 O -. O -1 O -X O -10 O -( O -9 O -) O -dm3 O -mol O -( O -- O -1s O -- O -1 O -) O -and O -in O -alkaline O -solution O -also O -with O -cysteine B-Chemical -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -( O -k O -( O -N3 O -+ O -CyS O -- O -) O -= O -2 O -. O -7 O -X O -10 O -( O -9 O -) O -dm3 O -mol O -- O -1s O -- O -1 O -) O -and O -k O -( O -N3 O -+ O -TyrO O -- O -) O -equals O -03 O -. O -6 O -X O -10 O -( O -9 O -) O -dm3 O -mol O -- O -1s O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -N3 O -- O -induced O -inactivation O -of O -yADH O -is O -likely O -to O -occur O -upon O -oxidation O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residues O -in O -the O -substrate O -binding O -pocket O -( O -58 O -- O -TrpH O -and O -93 O -- O -TrpH O -) O -since O -the O -substrate O -ethanol B-Chemical -although O -unreactive O -with O -N3 O -, O -protects O -yADH O -and O -since O -elADH O -, O -which O -does O -not O -contain O -tryptophan B-Chemical -in O -the O -substrate O -pocket O -, O -is O -comparatively O -resistant O -against O -N3 O -- O -attack O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -oxalate O -dihydrate O -crystal O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -Seed O -crystals O -of O -COD O -were O -precipitated O -from O -filtered O -urine O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -ammonium B-Chemical -oxalate O -and O -were O -stored O -dry O -and O -added O -to O -a O -supersaturated O -calcium B-Chemical -oxalate O -solution O -to O -initiate O -an O -experiment O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -technically O -simpler O -COM O -- O -seeded O -growth O -assay O -is O -suitable O -for O -measurement O -of O -inhibitors O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -oxalate O -growth O -in O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -indicated O -that O -the O -stored O -lipids O -are O -probably O -solid O -at O -room O -temperature O -, O -consisting O -of O -saturated O -triglycerides B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -phospholipids O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -such O -steroids B-Chemical -may O -not O -influence O -the O -course O -of O -shock O -by O -direct O -cardiovascular O -effects O -, O -beneficial O -actions O -may O -result O -from O -mechanisms O -such O -as O -protection O -of O -cell O -membrane O -integrity O -and O -stabilization O -of O -lysosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -fatal O -group O -, O -the O -acidosis O -was O -uncompensated O -; O -among O -survivors O -, O -base O -deficit O -and O -blood O -lactate B-Chemical -were O -significantly O -lower O -, O -and O -pH O -, O -PCO2 O -, O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -values O -were O -significantly O -higher O -. O - -aps B-category -Polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -shows O -a O -subunit O -of O -39 O -, O -000 O -daltons O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -hydrogenase O -system O -was O -employed O -to O -quantitate O -the O -levels O -of O -F420 O -in O -a O -number O -of O -methanogenic O -bacteria O -as O -well O -as O -in O -some O -nonmethanogens O -. O - -aps B-category -Twelve O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analogs O -and O -related O -compounds O -were O -screened O -for O -their O -ability O -to O -induce O -heterocysts O -in O -ammonia B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -repressed I-Chemical -, O -undifferential O -filaments O -of O -Anabaena O -variabilis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -dl O -- O -7 O -- O -azatryptophan O -and O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thienyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -were O -found O -to O -induce O -heterocysts O -but O -not O -nitrogenase O -activity O -( O -measured O -as O -acetylene O -reduction O -) O -even O -under O -microaerobic O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -three O -analogs O -significantly O -reduced O -the O -mean O -interheterocyst O -distance O -in O -nitrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fixing I-Chemical -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -lines O -of O -evidence O -suggest O -that O -sucrose B-Chemical -is O -transported O -by O -the O -lactose O -carrier O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -this O -technique O -sucrose B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -enter O -cells O -at O -a O -rate O -approximately O -one O -third O -that O -of O -lactose O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -to O -an O -anaerobic O -suspension O -of O -cells O -resulted O -in O -a O -small O -alkalinization O -of O -the O -external O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -assimilation O -in O -cyanobacteria O -: O -regulation O -of O -ribulose O -, O -1 O -, O -5 O -- O -bisphosphate O -carboxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -CA O -, O -were O -studied O -, O -and O -it O -was O -found O -that O -the O -in O -situ O -and O -cell O -- O -free O -carboxylase O -activities O -were O -particularly O -affected O -by O -low O -levels O -of O -phosphogluconate O -and O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -situ O -Anabaena O -CA O -carboxylase O -activity O -exhibited O -a O -particular O -capacity O -for O -activation O -by O -phosphogluconate O -and O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamine O -synthetase O -mutations O -which O -affect O -expression O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fixation O -genes O -in O -Klebsiella O -pneumoniae O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -expression O -of O -nif O -in O -these O -mutants O -, O -which O -were O -isolated O -as O -Gln O -+ O -( O -glutamine B-Chemical -nonrequiring O -) O -revertants O -of O -a O -particular O -glnA O -mutation O -, O -is O -extremely O -sensitive O -to O -ammonia B-Chemical -repression O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -these O -mutants O -can O -be O -fully O -derepressed O -for O -nif O -at O -very O -low O -ammonia B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -growing O -in O -yeast O -extract B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptone I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -medium O -( O -LB O -broth O -) O -were O -lysed O -upon O -the O -addition O -of O -lactose O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -MG2 O -+ O -, O -lysis O -was O -enhanced O -by O -5 O -mM O -KCl O -and O -100 O -mM O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lactose O -- O -dependent O -lysis O -occurred O -in O -buffers O -containing O -anions O -such O -as O -sulafte O -, O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -or O -citrate B-Chemical -; O -however O -, O -thiocyanate O -or O -acetate O -protected O -the O -cells O -from O -lysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Prevalence O -of O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -is O -estimated O -at O -24 O -- O -56 O -% O -in O -chronic O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -users O -. O - -aps B-category -Membrane O -vesicles O -prepared O -from O -this O -organism O -exhibited O -Mg2 O -+ O -- O -dependent O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -( O -ATPase O -) O -activity O -sensitive O -to O -N O -, O -N O -' O -- O -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -transport O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -by O -everted O -vesicles O -was O -sensitive O -to O -uncouplers O -and O -inhibitors O -of O -the O -Mg2 O -+ O -- O -ATPase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -retrospective O -review O -of O -78 O -schizophrenic O -patients O -revealed O -that O -thiothixene O -, O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -and O -thioridazine B-Chemical -produced O -a O -mean O -weight O -gain O -and O -loxapine O -a O -mean O -weight O -loss O -after O -12 O -and O -36 O -weeks O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Cysteine O -and O -methionine B-Chemical -residues O -amounted O -to O -5 O -- O -6 O -mol O -per O -subunit O -. O - -aps B-category -Biliverdin O -reductase O -was O -purified O -from O -pig O -spleen O -soluble O -fraction O -to O -a O -purity O -of O -more O -than O -90 O -% O -as O -judged O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -there O -were O -considerable O -differences O -in O -the O -kinetic O -properties O -of O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -and O -the O -NADH O -- O -dependent O -biliverdin O -reductase O -activities O -: O -Km O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -was O -below O -5 O -microM O -while O -that O -for O -NADH O -was O -1 O -. O -5 O -- O -2 O -mM O -; O -the O -pH O -optimum O -of O -the O -reaction O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -was O -8 O -. O -5 O -whereas O -that O -of O -the O -reaction O -with O -NADH O -was O -6 O -. O -9 O -; O -Km O -for O -biliverdin O -in O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -system O -was O -0 O -. O -3 O -microM O -whereas O -that O -in O -the O -NADH O -system O -was O -1 O -- O -2 O -microM O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -assumed O -that O -NADPH B-Chemical -rather O -than O -NADH O -is O -the O -physiological O -electron O -donor O -in O -the O -intracellular O -reduction O -of O -IX O -alpha O -- O -biliverdin O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -aromatic O -aldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ketone I-Chemical -reductases O -purified O -from O -guinea O -pig O -liver O -catalyzed O -oxidoreduction O -of O -17 O -beta O -- O -hydroxysteroids O -and O -17 O -- O -ketosteroids O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphate O -ions O -enhanced O -the O -NAD O -+ O -- O -dependent O -dehydrogenase O -activity O -and O -NADH O -- O -dependent O -reductase O -activity O -of O -the O -two O -enzymes O -, O -whereas O -the O -activities O -with O -NADP O -+ O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -were O -not O -affected O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -17 O -beta O -- O -hydroxysteroid O -dehydrogenases O -may O -play O -important O -roles O -in O -the O -metabolism O -of O -exogeneous O -aldehydes O -and O -ketones O -as O -well O -as O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -charge O -stoichiometry O -of O -2 O -was O -obtained O -from O -simultaneous O -measurement O -of O -changes O -of O -K O -+ O -, O -H O -+ O -, O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -in O -the O -medium O -after O -addition O -of O -the O -reductant O -ascorbate O -/ O -TMPD O -( O -N O -, O -N O -, O -N O -' O -, O -N O -' O -- O -tetramethyl O -- O -p O -- O -phenylenediamine O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -modification O -of O -the O -catalytic O -chain O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamylase O -with O -mercurinitrophenols O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -interaction O -of O -p O -- O -hydroxybenzoate O -hydroxylase O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Biological O -amine B-Chemical -transport O -in O -chromaffin O -ghosts O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -chloride B-Chemical -was O -present O -in O -the O -medium O -, O -addition O -of O -ATP O -resulted O -in O -the O -generation O -of O -a O -transmembrane O -proton O -gradient O -, O -acidic O -inside O -of O -1 O -pH O -unit O -( O -measured O -by O -[ O -14C O -] O -methylamine O -distribution O -) O -, O -and O -no O -transmembrane O -potential O -( O -measured O -by O -[ O -14C O -] O -- O -thiocyanate O -distribution O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Accumulation O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -epinephrine B-Chemical -or O -[ O -14C O -] O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -was O -over O -1 O -order O -of O -magnitude O -greater O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -transmembrane O -proton O -gradient O -or O -the O -transmembrane O -potential O -than O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -any O -gradient O -and O -, O -moreover O -, O -was O -related O -to O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -proton O -or O -potential O -gradient O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -preparation O -, O -the O -maximal O -rate O -of O -amine B-Chemical -accumulation O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Proton O -movements O -in O -response O -to O -a O -light O -- O -driven O -electrogenic O -pump O -for O -sodium B-Chemical -ions O -in O -Halobacterium O -halobium O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -affinity O -of O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -binding O -to O -the O -alpha O -and O -beta O -subunits O -was O -inferred O -from O -the O -intensities O -of O -the O -resonances O -at O -- O -12 O -and O -- O -18 O -ppm O -. O - -aps B-category -Ruthenium B-Chemical -red I-Chemical -also O -prevents O -these O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -accumulate O -more O -rapidly O -in O -response O -to O -limited O -Ca2 O -+ O -loading O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -than O -they O -do O -in O -its O -presence O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -, O -polyunsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -accumulate O -more O -rapidly O -than O -saturated O -plus O -monounsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -accumulation O -, O -per O -se O -, O -is O -not O -responsible O -for O -swelling O -, O -but O -levels O -of O -exogenous O -palmitic O -acid O -as O -low O -as O -1 O -nmol O -/ O -mg O -of O -protein O -dramatically O -alter O -the O -dependence O -of O -swelling O -velocity O -on O -Ca2 O -+ O -concentration O -, O -producing O -a O -shift O -from O -a O -sigmoidal O -- O -to O -a O -hyperbolic O -- O -like O -relationship O -. O - -aps B-category -Intramitochondrial O -acylcoenzyme O -A O -or O -acylcarnitine O -, O -or O -both O -, O -therefore O -, O -to O -be O -the O -modulator O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -sensitivity O -rather O -than O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subunit O -contains O -123 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -252 O -, O -3934 O -- O -3940 O -) O -, O -but O -in O -all O -of O -these O -biotin B-Chemical -enzymes O -there O -was O -an O -alanylmethionyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -biocytinyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -sequence O -. O - -aps B-category -Consequences O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -efflux O -as O -the O -primary O -light O -- O -driven O -event O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -stripped O -opossum O -hemoglobin O -exhibits O -a O -low O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -when O -compared O -to O -human O -hemoglobin O -and O -a O -pH O -- O -dependent O -heme O -- O -heme O -interaction O -with O -an O -n O -value O -of O -2 O -. O -14 O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -and O -2 O -. O -46 O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -35 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduced O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -opossum O -hemoglobin O -may O -be O -compensated O -for O -by O -other O -physiological O -factors O -such O -as O -a O -reduced O -phosphate B-Chemical -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -studied O -the O -binding O -of O -inositol B-Chemical -pentaphosphate O -( O -IPP O -) O -to O -the O -hemoglobins O -from O -two O -species O -of O -goose O -living O -at O -low O -and O -high O -altitudes O -, O -using O -the O -proton O -absorption O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -deoxyhemoglobin O -has O -been O -titrated O -with O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -at O -several O -pH O -values O -ranging O -from O -6 O -. O -0 O -to O -9 O -. O -0 O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -absence O -of O -the O -allosteric O -effector O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Samples O -were O -frozen O -for O -EPR O -measurements O -or O -analyzed O -optically O -within O -30 O -s O -after O -mixing O -to O -ensure O -a O -kinetic O -population O -of O -intermediates O -. O - -aps B-category -Rather O -, O -within O -this O -conformation O -the O -alpha O -chain O -iron B-Chemical -atoms O -exhibit O -an O -equilibrium O -between O -hexa O -- O -and O -pentacoordinate O -structures O -which O -is O -perturbed O -markedly O -by O -both O -proton O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -final O -ratio O -of O -alpha O -- O -NO O -to O -beta O -- O -NO O -is O -2 O -to O -1 O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -phosphates O -and O -greater O -than O -10 O -to O -1 O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -previous O -data O -suggesting O -that O -aminoacyl O -- O -tRNA O -synthetases O -make O -a O -transient O -Michael O -adduct O -with O -a O -specific O -uridine B-Chemical -residue O -in O -the O -tRNA O -structure O -, O -( O -Schoemaker O -, O -H O -. O -J O -. O -P O -. O -, O -and O -Schimmel O -, O -P O -. O -R O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -indicate O -that O -, O -in O -general O -, O -synthetases O -have O -a O -catalytic O -center O -that O -shows O -an O -unusual O -reactivity O -for O -uridine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -imidazole O -have O -very O -different O -heats O -of O -ionization O -( O -+ O -0 O -. O -8 O -and O -+ O -7 O -. O -5 O -kcal O -/ O -mol O -, O -respectively O -) O -, O -this O -suggests O -that O -the O -binding O -of O -at O -least O -two O -protons O -to O -the O -enzyme O -occurs O -concomitantly O -with O -the O -binding O -of O -ATP O -at O -the O -regulatory O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -of O -soluble O -guanylate O -cyclase O -from O -rat O -liver O -resulted O -in O -an O -apparent O -loss O -of O -enzyme O -activation O -by O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -that O -could O -be O -restored O -by O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -hemoglobin O -also O -permitted O -some O -activation O -with O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -, O -the O -effect O -of O -other O -agents O -to O -restore O -enzyme O -activation O -was O -prevented O -with O -hemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -partial O -enzyme O -purification O -, O -relatively O -high O -concentrations O -of O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -that O -were O -stimulatory O -in O -crude O -enzyme O -preparations O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bell O -- O -shaped O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -for O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -was O -shifted O -to O -the O -left O -with O -guanylate O -cyclase O -purification O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -apparent O -loss O -of O -responsiveness O -to O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -with O -purification O -is O -a O -function O -of O -increased O -sensitivity O -of O -guanylate O -cyclase O -to O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Interconversion O -of O -carbamayl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -and O -L O -- O -dihydroorotate O -by O -dihydroorotase O -from O -mouse O -Ehrlich O -ascites O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -slide O -tests O -detected O -25 O -B O -. O -melaninogenicus O -isolates O -that O -were O -beta O -- O -lactamase O -producers O -( O -minimal O -inhibitory O -concentration O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -was O -greater O -than O -0 O -. O -78 O -micrograms O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -of O -11 O -other O -species O -of O -Bacteroides O -against O -which O -the O -minimal O -inhibitory O -concentration O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -was O -greater O -than O -0 O -. O -78 O -micrograms O -/ O -ml O -were O -also O -Nitrocefin O -test O -positive O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -isolates O -could O -be O -detected O -and O -reported O -to O -clinicians O -before O -final O -identification O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -examines O -killing O -of O -newborn O -( O -migratory O -phase O -) O -larvae O -of O -Trichinella O -spiralis O -during O -incubation O -with O -granule O -preparations O -of O -human O -eosinophils O -or O -neutrophils O -and O -generators O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -( O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -oxidase O -) O -( O -G O -- O -GO O -) O -or O -superoxide B-Chemical -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -( O -xanthine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -xanthine I-Chemical -oxidase O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Larvae O -were O -highly O -sensitive O -to O -oxidative O -products O -; O -significant O -killing O -occurred O -after O -incubation O -with O -0 O -. O -12 O -mU O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -complete O -killing O -occurred O -with O -0 O -. O -5 O -mU O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -5 O -mU O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -, O -killing O -was O -complete O -after O -6 O -h O -of O -incubation O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -a O -remarkable O -susceptibility O -of O -newborn O -larvae O -of O -T O -. O -spiralis O -to O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -generated O -by O -neutrophil O -and O -eosinophil O -leukocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Particulate O -guanylate O -cyclase O -from O -rat O -lung O -was O -stimulated O -less O -than O -2 O -- O -fold O -by O -agents O -capable O -of O -activating O -the O -soluble O -guanylate O -cyclase O -, O -including O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -, O -MNNG O -, O -azide O -and O -hydroxylamine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -treated O -with O -filipin O -and O -nitroprusside B-Chemical -showed O -less O -specificity O -for O -Mn2 O -+ O -, O -as O -it O -was O -able O -to O -use O -Mg2 O -+ O -as O -sole O -cation O -more O -efficiently O -than O -the O -untreated O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Correlation O -of O -soluble O -calcium B-Chemical -with O -citrate B-Chemical -in O -bovine O -milk O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -hypothesis O -was O -corroborated O -by O -an O -analysis O -of O -data O -on O -individual O -cow O -milks O -and O -by O -experiments O -involving O -the O -addition O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -to O -milk O -at O -constant O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Alkaline O -solutions O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -N O -NaOH B-Chemical -) O -at O -elevated O -temperatures O -can O -be O -used O -to O -extract O -DNA O -from O -small O -pieces O -of O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -absorption O -studied O -by O -vascular O -perfusion O -of O -rat O -intestine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -standard O -perfusion O -medium O -was O -Krebs B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Henseleit I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NaHCO3 I-Chemical -buffer O -containing O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -dextran B-Chemical -, O -albumin O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -and O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -placed O -in O -the O -gut O -lumen O -was O -transported O -much O -more O -rapidly O -than O -D O -- O -xylose O -. O - -aps B-category -Redox O -titration O -of O -Cu O -( O -I O -) O -azurin O -with O -K3Fe O -( O -CN O -) O -6 O -, O -is O -used O -to O -correlate O -Cu O -( O -I O -) O -and O -Cu O -( O -II O -) O -1H O -nmr O -spectral O -features O -, O -and O -observed O -line O -broadenings O -deriving O -from O -Cu O -( O -II O -) O -paramagnetic O -effects O -are O -used O -to O -deduce O -the O -distances O -of O -assigned O -proton O -groups O -from O -the O -copper B-Chemical -center O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -cerebral O -embolism O -on O -brain O -monoamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -was O -reduced O -in O -the O -ipsilateral O -caudate O -nucleus O -, O -the O -reported O -site O -of O -maximal O -ischaemic O -damage O -in O -this O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -levels O -were O -unaltered O -, O -but O -increased O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -cisternal O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -suggested O -transient O -alteration O -in O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -metabolism O -after O -embolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -B6 I-Chemical -deficiency O -on O -the O -levels O -of O -several O -water O -- O -soluble O -vitamins O -and O -on O -acetyl O -- O -coenzyme O -A O -carboxylase O -activity O -was O -investigated O -using O -of O -germ O -- O -free O -and O -conventional O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Nicotine B-Chemical -acid O -, O -pantothenic O -acid O -and O -biotin B-Chemical -levels O -per O -wet O -weight O -significantly O -decreased O -in O -the O -liver O -of O -vitaminB6 O -- O -deficient O -germ O -- O -free O -rats O -, O -and O -nicotine B-Chemical -acid O -levels O -per O -wet O -weight O -significant O -decreased O -in O -the O -liver O -of O -deficient O -conventional O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -an O -enzymatic O -standpoint O -, O -acetyl O -- O -coenzyme O -A O -carboxylase O -activity O -was O -especially O -significantly O -decreased O -in O -both O -germ O -- O -free O -and O -conventional O -rats O -fed O -a O -vitamin B-Chemical -B6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -diet O -, O -and O -the O -percent O -od O -decrease O -was O -more O -in O -germ O -- O -free O -rats O -than O -in O -conventional O -ones O -. O - -aps B-category -Transketolase O -, O -sedoheptulose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -: O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glyceraldehyde I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -glycolaldehyde O -- O -transferase O -[ O -EC O -2 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -] O -, O -was O -extracted O -from O -pig O -liver O -and O -purified O -96 O -- O -fold O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -fractionation O -, O -followed O -by O -column O -chromatography O -using O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -and O -a O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -the O -activity O -of O -pig O -liver O -transketolase O -was O -lost O -upon O -incubation O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -0 O -for O -two O -hours O -even O -at O -0 O -degrees O -C O -but O -about O -40 O -% O -of O -the O -original O -activity O -could O -be O -restored O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -excess O -thiamine B-Chemical -pyrophosphate I-Chemical -and O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serum O -and O -liver O -cholesterol B-Chemical -levels O -of O -the O -rats O -fed O -the O -basal O -diet O -were O -reduced O -by O -feeding O -oyster O -or O -clam O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -malic O -enzyme O -and O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -were O -markedly O -reduced O -in O -the O -basal O -groups O -fed O -oyster O -or O -clam O -. O - -aps B-category -Unaltered O -surface O -enamel O -of O -extracted O -human O -teeth O -was O -subjected O -to O -tests O -of O -resistance O -to O -dissolution O -in O -10 O -mM O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -0 O -and O -10 O -mM O -EDTA O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -in O -a O -miniature O -continuous O -flow O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -2 O -- O -substitution O -on O -conformations O -and O -brain O -concentrations O -of O -phenothiazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -neuroleptics I-Chemical -in O -relation O -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -antagonism I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pKa O -values O -, O -RF O -values O -, O -partition O -coefficients O -between O -n O -- O -heptane O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -( O -pH O -= O -7 O -. O -4 O -) O -, O -and O -buccal O -absorption O -tests O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -and O -its O -basic O -metabolites O -, O -norpethidine B-Chemical -and O -pethidine B-Chemical -N O -- O -oxide O -, O -have O -been O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -physicochemical O -properties O -( O -pKa O -values O -, O -RF O -values O -, O -partition O -coefficients O -) O -and O -buccal O -absorption O -of O -pethidine B-Chemical -, O -norpethidine B-Chemical -and O -pethidine B-Chemical -N O -- O -oxide O -are O -in O -good O -agreement O -with O -the O -pattern O -of O -their O -renal O -elimination O -in O -acidic O -and O -alkaline O -urine O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -pA2 O -values O -for O -atenolol B-Chemical -( O -beta O -1 O -- O -selective O -) O -and O -alpha O -- O -methylpropranolol O -( O -beta O -2 O -- O -selective O -) O -have O -been O -determined O -on O -isolated O -atria O -of O -cat O -and O -guinea O -- O -pig O -using O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -beta O -1 O -- O -selective O -) O -and O -fenoterol O -( O -beta O -2 O -- O -selective O -) O -as O -agonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Fenoterol O -was O -20 O -times O -more O -potent O -on O -cat O -than O -on O -guinea O -- O -pig O -atria O -whereas O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -was O -approximately O -equipotent O -in O -the O -two O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -content O -does O -not O -change O -in O -whole O -brain O -but O -it O -decreases O -in O -the O -striatum O -and O -increases O -in O -the O -cortex O -and O -hippocampus O -. O - -aps B-category -Age O -and O -strain O -differences O -in O -the O -rat O -of O -development O -of O -functional O -tolerance O -to O -ethanol B-Chemical -by O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Mianserin O -, O -danitracen O -and O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -withdrawal O -increases O -the O -behavioural O -responses O -of O -rats O -to O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ambient O -temperature O -and O -the O -development O -of O -functional O -tolerance O -to O -ethanol B-Chemical -by O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylation O -of O -procainamide B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -and O -PGE2 B-Chemical -in O -the O -modulation O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -secretion O -from O -bovine O -adrenal O -medulla O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -data O -on O -crinia B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Impromidine O -( O -SK O -& O -amp O -; O -F O -92676 O -) O -has O -recently O -been O -identified O -as O -a O -potent O -and O -specific O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -agonist O -. O - -aps B-category -Dose O -- O -response O -curves O -to O -impromidine O -were O -displaced O -to O -the O -right O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Mepacrine O -, O -papaverine B-Chemical -, O -p O -- O -bromophenacyl O -bromide B-Chemical -and O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -dibromo O -( O -4 O -' O -- O -cyclohexyl O -- O -3 O -' O -- O -chloro O -) O -- O -phenyl O -- O -4 O -- O -oxo O -- O -butyric O -acid O -( O -CB O -874 O -) O -inhibit O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -phospholipids O -induced O -by O -thrombin O -in O -dog O -platelets O -. O - -aps B-category -blocked O -the O -hypertensive O -and O -contractile O -responses O -of O -the O -nictitating O -membrane O -of O -the O -cat O -to O -adrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -same O -cats O -, O -adrenaline B-Chemical -caused O -a O -profound O -hypotension O -. O - -aps B-category -Betsamide O -antagonized O -the O -contractile O -effects O -of O -carbachol B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -on O -the O -rat O -vas O -deferens O -, O -but O -not O -the O -beta O -- O -responses O -of O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -trachea O -to O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -isoproenaline O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agents O -and O -a O -beta2 O -- O -agonist O -, O -salbutamol B-Chemical -, O -on O -the O -diabetogenic O -effects O -of O -streptozocin B-Chemical -( O -threshold O -doses O -) O -was O -investigated O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potentiating O -effect O -of O -phentolamine B-Chemical -was O -blocked O -by O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -on O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -cyclic O -AMP O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -injected O -i O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -Injections O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -, O -and O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -increase O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -but O -not O -in O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -were O -not O -seen O -in O -adrenomedullectomized O -rats O -, O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -did O -not O -elevate O -the O -concentration O -of O -plasma O -cAMP B-Chemical -in O -anti O -- O -glucagon O -antiserum O -- O -injected O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rapid O -development O -of O -functional O -tolerance O -to O -ethanol B-Chemical -by O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -demonstrates O -that O -, O -in O -the O -adult O -male O -, O -TO O -Swiss O -mouse O -, O -peak O -tolerance O -, O -in O -which O -approximately O -2 O -X O -the O -original O -effective O -blood O -ethanol B-Chemical -concentration O -is O -required O -to O -produce O -the O -behavioural O -end O -- O -point O -, O -can O -develop O -in O -3 O -- O -- O -5 O -h O -. O -After O -this O -time O -the O -ability O -of O -the O -animals O -to O -perform O -normally O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -continued O -high O -concentrations O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -in O -blood O -begins O -to O -fall O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -aspirin B-Chemical -at O -a O -high O -dose O -( O -400 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -) O -and O -caffeine B-Chemical -( O -5 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -) O -induced O -hyperactivity O -in O -the O -DA O -rat O -, O -but O -lower O -doses O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -were O -without O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Co O -- O -administration O -of O -the O -two O -drugs O -caused O -long O -- O -lasting O -hyperactivity O -, O -even O -with O -doses O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -which O -had O -no O -stimulant O -effects O -themselves O -. O - -aps B-category -Dissolution O -of O -bupivacaine B-Chemical -3 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -2 O -- O -naphthoate O -into O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffers O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -unusual O -dissolution O -behaviour O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -due O -to O -the O -precipitation O -of O -the O -base O -, O -which O -, O -in O -turn O -, O -is O -attributed O -to O -the O -unusual O -temperature O -dependency O -of O -the O -solubility O -of O -the O -base O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffers O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -Polydipsic O -effect O -and O -tissue O -distribution O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -also O -resulted O -in O -a O -larger O -accumulation O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -in O -the O -liver O -, O -kidney O -and O -spleen O -, O -but O -not O -in O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -plotted O -against O -the O -total O -number O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -atoms O -in O -the O -side O -chains O -, O -log O -octanol O -/ O -water O -distribution O -coefficients O -gave O -two O -parallel O -straight O -lines O -, O -one O -for O -the O -substituted O -benzoic O -acids O -, O -and O -the O -other O -for O -the O -substituted O -phenylalkanoic O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspirin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenacetin I-Chemical -interaction O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -desipramine B-Chemical -and O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -uptake O -inhibitors O -femoxetine O -and O -paroxetine B-Chemical -with O -the O -acute O -hypotensive O -effect O -of O -guanethidine B-Chemical -in O -conscious O -spontaneously O -hypertensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Baclofen B-Chemical -: O -lack O -of O -effect O -on O -neurotransmission O -in O -the O -mouse O -vas O -deferens O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -unilateral O -amygdala O -lesion O -on O -the O -imipramine B-Chemical -action O -in O -behavioural O -despair O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Sensitive O -fluorescence O -assay O -for O -d O -, O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methadone I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -this O -reaction O -, O -a O -fluorescence O -assay O -suitable O -for O -quantitative O -d O -, O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methadone I-Chemical -analysis O -from O -plasma O -and O -other O -tissues O -was O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -this O -method O -, O -d O -, O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methadone I-Chemical -can O -be O -assayed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -its O -metabolites O -, O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -diacetylmorphine O -( O -heroin B-Chemical -) O -, O -codeine B-Chemical -, O -and O -cocaine B-Chemical -; O -however O -, O -amphetamine B-Chemical -, O -meperidine B-Chemical -, O -and O -quinine B-Chemical -interfere O -. O - -aps B-category -Specificity O -for O -chloride B-Chemical -was O -demonstrated O -by O -the O -rapid O -dissolution O -rate O -for O -the O -hydrochloride O -dihydrate O -in O -0 O -. O -1 O -N O -methanesulfonic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -show O -that O -common O -ion O -equilibria O -with O -chloride B-Chemical -can O -strongly O -reduce O -the O -dissolution O -rate O -of O -a O -thermodynamically O -stable O -hydrochloride O -salt B-Chemical -form O -, O -while O -the O -free O -base O -or O -a O -metastable O -hydrochloride O -salt B-Chemical -are O -not O -similarly O -affected O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -agonists O -substituted O -for O -one O -another O -during O -substitution O -tests O -; O -the O -tested O -agonists O -included O -alphaprodine O -, O -codeine B-Chemical -, O -fentanyl B-Chemical -, O -heroin B-Chemical -, O -meperidine B-Chemical -, O -methadone B-Chemical -, O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -piminodine O -and O -propoxyphene O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclazocine O -, O -levallorphan O -, O -naltrexone O -, O -dextromethorphan B-Chemical -, O -ethoheptazine O -and O -the O -narcotic O -agonists O -did O -not O -substitute O -for O -one O -another O -, O -suggesting O -that O -six O -dissimilar O -discriminable O -effects O -were O -produced O -by O -these O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -electrode O -system O -for O -plotting O -ionized O -plasma O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -pH O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -insensitive I-Chemical -Na O -efflux O -in O -barnacle O -muscle O -fibres O -is O -promptly O -stimulated O -by O -injection O -of O -cyclic O -GMP O -. O - -aps B-category -Stabilization O -of O -myoplasmic O -pCa O -by O -injecting O -100 O -mM O -- O -EGTA O -before O -or O -after O -cyclic O -GMP O -fails O -to O -alter O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -response O -to O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -pre O -- O -injection O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -M B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -papaverine I-Chemical -enhances O -the O -response O -to O -a O -subsequent O -injection O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -- O -cyclic O -GMP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -argument O -is O -put O -forward O -that O -injected O -cyclic O -GMP O -stimulates O -the O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -insensitive I-Chemical -Na O -efflux O -mainly O -by O -activating O -cyclic O -AMP O -- O -protein O -kinase O -rather O -than O -cyclic O -GMP O -- O -proton O -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -identical O -curve O -was O -obtained O -when O -the O -chloride B-Chemical -in O -the O -external O -solution O -was O -replaced O -by O -acetate O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -ethacrynic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -after O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -endolymphatic O -pH O -changes O -were O -measured O -separately O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -perilymphatic O -ethacrynic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -upon O -the O -endocochlear O -potential O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Gall O -- O -bladder O -fluid O -and O -electrolyte O -transport O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -butyrate O -in O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -solutions O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Choline O -administration O -increased O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -all O -four O -tissues O -, O -probably O -by O -increasing O -the O -release O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -from O -preganglionic O -sympathetic O -neurones O -that O -synapse O -on O -catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -producing I-Chemical -ganglion O -and O -chromaffin O -cells O -; O -carbachol B-Chemical -and O -nicotine B-Chemical -had O -similar O -effects O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Reserpine B-Chemical -and O -phenoxybenzamine O -increased O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -in O -all O -four O -tissues O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -drugs O -known O -to O -modify O -central O -neurotransmission O -were O -found O -to O -increase O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -some O -portions O -of O -the O -sympathetic O -nervous O -system O -but O -not O -in O -others O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxotremorine O -, O -a O -centrally O -acting O -muscarinic O -agonist O -, O -increased O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -only O -in O -the O -adrenal O -medullae O -; O -its O -effect O -was O -not O -blocked O -by O -methylatropine B-Chemical -, O -a O -peripheral O -muscarinic O -blocker O -. O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -, O -similar O -to O -those O -reported O -for O -Cl O -- O -self O -- O -exchange O -, O -suggest O -that O -: O -( O -i O -) O -a O -change O -in O -the O -rate O -- O -limiting O -step O -for O -HCO3 O -- O -/ O -Cl O -- O -exchange O -occurs O -at O -17 O -degrees O -C O -, O -possibly O -due O -to O -an O -altered O -interaction O -between O -the O -transport O -pathway O -and O -membrane O -lipids O -; O -( O -ii O -) O -the O -carrier O -system O -can O -be O -titrated O -by O -either O -H O -+ O -or O -SITS O -from O -the O -outside O -of O -the O -membrane O -, O -but O -the O -untitrated O -sites O -continue O -to O -transport O -normally O -; O -( O -iii O -) O -the O -pH0 O -dependence O -of O -the O -rate O -of O -exchange O -is O -consistent O -with O -the O -titratable O -carrier O -having O -its O -most O -alkaline O -pK O -in O -the O -range O -expected O -for O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -; O -and O -( O -iv O -) O -below O -pH0 O -5 O -, O -the O -nature O -of O -the O -exchange O -is O -markedly O -altered O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -actions O -of O -mercury O -compounds O -against O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -yeast O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -value O -was O -5 O -. O -26 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -for O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -Ki O -value O -of O -MC O -was O -2 O -. O -17 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -, O -while O -that O -of O -MMC O -was O -4 O -. O -35 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -. O -The O -strong O -complex O -formation O -of O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -NADP O -) O -or O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -cysteine B-Chemical -, O -cystine O -, O -histidine O -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -or O -tyrosine B-Chemical -) O -with O -MC O -was O -demonstrated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -as O -compared O -with O -that O -of O -MMC O -in O -the O -same O -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -method O -, O -not O -previously O -reported O -, O -uses O -measured O -pH O -to O -estimate O -the O -ratio O -[ O -HCO3 O -- O -] O -/ O -PCO2 O -, O -which O -, O -when O -multiplied O -by O -PCO2 O -, O -equals O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypothermic O -circulatory O -arrest O -: O -31 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphorus I-Chemical -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonsance O -of O -isolated O -perfused O -neonatal O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Phencyclidine O -- O -induced O -stereotyped O -behavior O -in O -rats O -: O -dose O -response O -effects O -and O -antagonism O -by O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -properties O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diazepam I-Chemical -displacing O -activity O -from O -human O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -Reactions O -of O -the O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -of O -bovine O -rhodopsin O -in O -rod O -outer O -segment O -membranes O -have O -been O -investigated O -using O -4 O -, O -4 O -' O -- O -dithiopyridine O -. O - -aps B-category -Clostridium O -perfringens O -type O -C O -strain O -CN O -5384 O -produced O -a O -higher O -level O -of O -beta O -toxin O -in O -a O -controlled O -pH O -medium O -containing O -1 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -starch O -, O -or O -sucrose B-Chemical -than O -in O -media O -with O -dextrin O -, O -fructose O -, O -or O -raffinose O -. O - -aps B-category -Spores O -of O -Bacillus O -cereus O -T O -treated O -with O -trichloroacetic O -acid O -( O -6 O -. O -1 O -- O -- O -61 O -. O -2 O -mM O -) O -were O -compared O -with O -untreated O -spores O -, O -and O -as O -the O -concentration O -of O -the O -chemical O -increased O -, O -the O -following O -alterations O -in O -spore O -properties O -were O -found O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -the O -extent O -of O -germination O -decreased O -irrespective O -of O -the O -germination O -medium O -used O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -the O -spores O -became O -sensitive O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -( O -1 O -N O -) O -and O -hydrochloric O -acid O -( O -0 O -. O -27 O -N O -) O -, O -but O -not O -to O -lysozyme O -( O -200 O -micrograms O -/ O -ml O -) O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -loss O -of O -dipicolinate O -increased O -on O -subsequent O -heating O -; O -and O -( O -4 O -) O -the O -spores O -became O -more O -sensitive O -to O -heat O -. O - -aps B-category -Enhanced O -production O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -and O -appearance O -of O -cytotoxin O -stimulated O -by O -capsular O -polysaccharide O -of O -Klebsiella O -pneumoniae O -or O -bacterial O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Associated O -with O -this O -, O -BCG O -- O -infected O -mice O -showed O -a O -markedly O -enhanced O -ability O -to O -produce O -interferon B-Chemical -after O -stimulation O -not O -only O -by O -LPS O -but O -also O -by O -neutral O -CPS O -- O -K O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -pattern O -of O -cytotoxin O -production O -was O -not O -in O -parallel O -with O -that O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Interferon B-Chemical -and O -cytotoxin O -produced O -by O -neutral O -CPS O -- O -K O -showed O -essentially O -the O -same O -stabilities O -to O -heating O -at O -56 O -C O -and O -to O -treatment O -at O -pH O -2 O -respectively O -as O -those O -produced O -by O -LPS O -. O - -aps B-category -Cytotoxin O -was O -inactivated O -by O -treatment O -at O -pH O -2 O -for O -24 O -hr O -, O -whereas O -interferon B-Chemical -activity O -was O -well O -preserved O -after O -this O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -coagulases O -, O -they O -were O -resistant O -to O -the O -action O -of O -heavy O -metal O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -first O -part O -of O -the O -review O -the O -background O -to O -the O -discovery O -of O -the O -asymmetric O -synthesis O -of O -squalene O -from O -two O -molecules O -of O -farnesyl O -pyrophosphate O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -is O -described O -, O -then O -the O -stereochemistry O -of O -the O -overall O -reaction O -is O -summarized O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -that O -different O -preexisting O -personality O -disorders O -lead B-Chemical -to O -different O -kinds O -of O -drug O -abuse O -cannot O -be O -excluded O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -phase O -, O -which O -triggers O -the O -early O -events O -of O -fertilisation O -, O -is O -mediated O -by O -transitory O -increase O -of O -intracellular O -free O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemically O -, O -the O -selective O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -( O -TH O -) O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -key O -enzymes O -in O -catecholamine B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -is O -one O -of O -its O -most O -characteristic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Antidepressant B-Chemical -and O -antipsychotic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -profusion O -of O -data O -on O -the O -subject O -suggests O -the O -amines B-Chemical -may O -be O -implicated O -in O -the O -disease O -, O -however O -no O -convincing O -hypothesis O -is O -available O -which O -unites O -the O -two O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -evidence O -appears O -to O -be O -overwhelming O -relating O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -action O -of O -these O -agents O -and O -yet O -serious O -inconsistencies O -have O -been O -reported O -suggesting O -the O -need O -for O -a O -revision O -of O -the O -hypothesis O -regarding O -the O -mode O -of O -action O -of O -antipsychotic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Electric O -foot O -- O -shock O -stress O -( O -20 O -min O -) O -increases O -DOPAC B-Chemical -content O -in O -the O -frontal O -cortex O -( O -by O -about O -80 O -% O -) O -and O -in O -the O -nucleus O -accumbens O -( O -by O -35 O -% O -) O -but O -not O -in O -the O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -results O -were O -obtained O -in O -rats O -in O -which O -noradrenergic O -terminals O -in O -the O -n O -. O -accumbens O -and O -in O -the O -frontal O -cortex O -had O -been O -eliminated O -by O -injection O -of O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OH I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopamine I-Chemical -into O -the O -ascending O -dorsal O -noradrenergic O -bundle O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -. O -pA2 O -values O -have O -been O -obtained O -for O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -butoxamine O -, O -H35 O -/ O -25 O -and O -atenolol B-Chemical -on O -guinea O -- O -pig O -isolated O -trachea O -and O -atria O -( O -rate O -) O -using O -noredrenaline O -( O -beta O -1 O -- O -selective O -) O -, O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -( O -non O -- O -selective O -) O -and O -fenoterol O -( O -beta O -2 O -- O -selective O -) O -as O -agonists O -. O - -aps B-category -butoxamine O -and O -H35 O -/ O -25 O -were O -beta O -2 O -- O -selective O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -was O -non O -- O -selective O -and O -atenolol B-Chemical -was O -beta O -1 O -- O -selective O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -direct O -identification O -of O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -in O -a O -membrane O -fraction O -of O -the O -rabbit O -heart O -the O -potent O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonist O -[ B-Chemical -3H I-Chemical -] I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroergocryptine I-Chemical -( O -[ O -3H O -] O -- O -DHE O -) O -was O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -is O -stereospecific O -as O -indicated O -by O -the O -greater O -potency O -of O -( O -- O -) O -adrenaline B-Chemical -than O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -adrenaline B-Chemical -in O -displacing O -[ O -3H O -] O -- O -DHE O -from O -the O -binding O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -effects O -upon O -transmitter O -release O -parameters O -in O -the O -Mg2 O -+ O -- O -paralyzed O -neuro O -- O -muscular O -junction O -of O -frog O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -decreased O -the O -mean O -quantal O -content O -( O -m O -) O -by O -reducing O -n O -. O -This O -effect O -appeared O -to O -be O -dependent O -upon O -the O -free O -intracellular O -Ca2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha O -adrenoceptors O -in O -rat O -brain O -: O -direct O -identification O -with O -prazosin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -sites O -were O -compared O -with O -alpha O -2 O -adrenoceptors O -labeled O -with O -tritiated O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -density O -of O -the O -sites O -was O -300 O -fmoles O -per O -mg O -of O -protein O -; O -the O -half O -time O -of O -dissociation O -of O -prazosin B-Chemical -was O -7 O -min O -at O -30 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -order O -or O -potencies O -of O -agonists O -, O -determined O -from O -binding O -- O -inhibition O -experiments O -with O -labeled O -prazosin B-Chemical -, O -was O -: O -naphazoline B-Chemical -greater O -than O -clonidine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -adrenaline B-Chemical -greater O -than O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -greater O -than O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -alpha O -- O -methylnoradrenaline O -greater O -than O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -ions O -and O -divalent O -cations O -as O -well O -as O -guanyl O -nucleotides O -have O -little O -or O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -binding O -of O -the O -labeled O -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -Labeled O -prazosin B-Chemical -may O -be O -a O -useful O -tool O -to O -characterize O -alpha O -1 O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopaminergic O -antagonism O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -myoclonic O -jumping O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -these O -agents O -had O -a O -significant O -antagonistic O -effect O -on O -the O -frequency O -of O -this O -serotonin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -Controlled O -intravenous O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -and O -fetal O -- O -maternal O -acid O -- O -base O -balance O -. O - -aps B-category -Highly O -significant O -changes O -in O -pH O -, O -base O -excess O -( O -BE O -) O -, O -and O -plasma O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -were O -observed O -in O -both O -the O -mothers O -and O -fetuses O -. O - -aps B-category -Model O -experiments O -on O -nitrite B-Chemical -and O -nitrate B-Chemical -in O -simulated O -primeval O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitrite O -was O -found O -in O -the O -aqueous O -phase O -, O -and O -nitrate B-Chemical -grew O -from O -it O -, O -presumably O -by O -reaction O -with O -H2O2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Nitrate O -was O -not O -destroyed O -in O -short O -- O -term O -experiments O -, O -but O -as O -in O -sparking O -nitrate B-Chemical -is O -formed O -only O -vianitrite O -, O -neither O -anion O -could O -accumulate O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -it O -is O -unlikely O -that O -the O -primeval O -ocean O -contained O -appreciable O -concentrations O -of O -nitrite B-Chemical -or O -nitrate B-Chemical -either O -at O -the O -reducing O -or O -at O -the O -redox O -- O -neutral O -stage O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparative O -study O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -varying O -levels O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -on O -some O -of O -the O -metabolic O -functions O -of O -the O -primitive O -eukaryote O -, O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -, O -has O -shown O -that O -these O -cells O -are O -responsive O -to O -very O -low O -levels O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -: O -the O -level O -of O -palmitoyl O -- O -Co O -A O -desaturase O -was O -greatly O -enhanced O -by O -only O -0 O -. O -03 O -% O -( O -v O -/ O -v O -) O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Closely O -following O -this O -latter O -pattern O -were O -three O -mitochondrial O -enzymes O -that O -attained O -maximal O -activity O -only O -under O -atmospheric O -levels O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -chronic O -reserpine B-Chemical -administration O -on O -K O -+ O -and O -amylase O -release O -from O -the O -rat O -parotid O -gland O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -of O -amylase O -release O -observed O -after O -treatment O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -most O -likely O -results O -from O -a O -deficient O -level O -or O -utilization O -of O -the O -energy O -or O -nucleotide B-Chemical -sources O -required O -for O -enzyme O -secretion O -, O -because O -a O -similar O -inhibition O -was O -observed O -in O -control O -slices O -after O -incubation O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -the O -purines O -inosine O -and O -adenine O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -inhibits O -urinary O -acidification O -: O -effect O -of O -the O -ionophore O -A23187 O -on O -the O -turtle O -bladder O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -acidification O -was O -significantly O -inhibited O -in O -the O -hemibladders O -treated O -with O -the O -ionophore O -as O -compared O -to O -control O -hemibladders O -treated O -with O -dimethylsulfoxide O -( O -the O -vehicle O -used O -to O -dissolve O -the O -ionophore O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -ionophore O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -the O -proton O -motive O -force O -and O -the O -conductance O -were O -significantly O -decreased O -when O -the O -H O -+ O -current O -was O -low O -( O -less O -than O -30 O -% O -of O -control O -values O -) O -; O -when O -the O -H O -+ O -current O -was O -decreased O -, O -but O -not O -less O -than O -30 O -% O -, O -the O -proton O -motive O -force O -was O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Screening O -methods O -for O -haemoglobins O -with O -high O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -a O -conformational O -change O -is O -observed O -in O -the O -T O -- O -and O -D O -- O -loop O -of O -this O -tRNA O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -added O -Mg2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -hours O -of O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -anesthesia O -resulted O -in O -marked O -elevation O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -level O -and O -decreased O -accumulation O -of O -5 O -- O -hydroxyindolacetic O -acid O -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -) O -after O -probenecid O -, O -in O -specific O -parts O -of O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Concomitantly O -, O -the O -decrease O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -level O -and O -its O -accumulation O -after O -transport O -inhibition O -occured O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypoxia O -- O -induced O -decrease O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -level O -was O -prevented O -by O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -pretreatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Tienilic O -acid O -has O -blood O -pressure O -lowering O -properties O -alone O -and O -in O -combined O -treatment O -with O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -; O -250 O -mg O -of O -tienilic O -acid O -seems O -to O -correspond O -to O -50 O -mg O -of O -hydrochlorothiazide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -During O -short O -- O -term O -treatment O -, O -no O -impairment O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glycoprotein O -nature O -of O -Syrian O -hamster O -interferon B-Chemical -was O -tested O -on O -several O -immobilized O -lectins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -hydrophobicity O -of O -Syrian O -hamster O -interferon B-Chemical -was O -probed O -by O -its O -chromatography O -on O -: O -( O -a O -) O -straight O -chain O -hydrocarbons O -of O -varied O -length O -; O -( O -b O -) O -aromatic O -ligands O -( O -aminobenzene O -, O -benzylamine O -, O -beta O -- O -phenylethylamine O -, O -gamma O -- O -phenyl O -- O -propylamine O -) O -; O -ligands O -listed O -in O -( O -a O -) O -and O -( O -b O -) O -were O -immobilized O -to O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -activated I-Chemical -agarose O -( O -isourea O -linkage O -) O -; O -and O -( O -c O -) O -phenyl O -- O -agarose O -( O -Phenyl O -- O -Sepharose O -CL O -- O -4B O -) O -, O -an O -aromatic O -ligand O -immobilized O -via O -a O -2 O -- O -hydroxypropyl O -arm O -to O -the O -agarose O -( O -ether B-Chemical -linkage O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -separation O -was O -achieved O -in O -ethanol B-Chemical -95 O -% O -- O -1 O -M O -ammonium B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -( O -pH O -3 O -. O -8 O -) O -( O -7 O -: O -3 O -, O -v O -/ O -v O -) O -at O -30 O -degrees O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -transfer O -of O -[ O -32P O -] O -phosphate B-Chemical -from O -[ O -32P O -] O -- O -labeled O -phosphoglucomutase O -( O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, O -6 O -- O -bisphosphate O -: O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -phosphotransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -5 O -. O -1 O -) O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -increases O -dramatically O -between O -pH O -8 O -. O -5 O -and O -10 O -. O -5 O -with O -a O -half O -maximal O -rate O -at O -pH O -9 O -. O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrophilic O -region O -of O -lecithin O -membranes O -studied O -by O -bromothymol O -blue O -and O -effects O -of O -an O -inhalation O -anesthetic O -, O -enflurane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -differences O -between O -the O -obtained O -effective O -potentials O -and O -the O -calculated O -surface O -potentials O -of O -the O -charge O -- O -determining O -plane O -of O -the O -choline B-Chemical -head O -, O -the O -distances O -between O -the O -prototropic O -part O -of O -the O -dye O -and O -the O -choline B-Chemical -charge O -- O -determining O -plane O -were O -estimated O -to O -be O -10 O -. O -5 O -, O -8 O -. O -0 O -, O -and O -7 O -. O -8 O -A O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -of O -precessional O -motion O -of O -choline B-Chemical -head O -by O -the O -inhalation O -anesthetic O -is O -apparently O -responsible O -for O -the O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -Bovine O -erythrocyte O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -( O -Cu O -( O -2 O -) O -Zn O -( O -2 O -) O -SODase O -; O -superoxide B-Chemical -: O -superoxide B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -15 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -) O -consists O -of O -two O -identical O -subunits O -each O -containing O -Cu O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -and O -Zn O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -in O -close O -proximity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ESR O -spectrum O -of O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -protein O -at O -77 O -K O -is O -markedly O -pH O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -of O -the O -above O -- O -mentioned O -spectroscopic O -changes O -induced O -by O -additions O -of O -NaOH B-Chemical -are O -reversed O -when O -the O -pH O -is O -decreased O -with O -HNO O -( O -3 O -) O -, O -although O -the O -approach O -to O -equilibrium O -is O -slow O -in O -the O -latter O -case O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -native O -protein O -, O -Cu O -( O -2 O -) O -Zn O -( O -2 O -) O -SODase O -, O -and O -the O -four B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -copper I-Chemical -protein O -, O -Cu O -( O -2 O -) O -Cu O -( O -2 O -) O -SODase O -, O -show O -no O -variation O -in O -visible O -or O -ESR O -spectral O -properties O -in O -this O -pH O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -isotope O -incorporation O -experiments O -, O -spectroscopy O -, O -and O -chemical O -degradations O -, O -the O -SRS O -was O -identified O -as O -a O -cysteine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -derivative O -of O -5 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -7 O -, O -9 O -, O -11 O -, O -14 O -- O -icosatetraenoic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Briefly O -, O -murine O -mastocytoma O -cells O -treated O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -ionophore O -produced O -a O -SRS O -that O -caused O -guinea O -pig O -ileum O -to O -contract O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydroperoxides O -can O -modulate O -the O -redox O -state O -of O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -and O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -balance O -in O -rat O -liver O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -the O -temperature O -dependence O -of O -energy O -- O -linked O -Ca O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -uptake O -by O -means O -of O -Arrhenius O -plots O -reveals O -two O -breaks O -( O -at O -around O -11 O -degrees O -C O -and O -24 O -degrees O -C O -) O -in O -mitochondria O -isolated O -from O -selenium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -supplemented I-Chemical -animals O -, O -whereas O -in O -selenium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -rats O -the O -break O -at O -11 O -degrees O -C O -is O -absent O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -in O -selenium B-Chemical -deficiency O -, O -t O -- O -butyl O -hydroperoxide O -and O -H O -( O -2 O -) O -O O -( O -2 O -) O -induce O -neither O -a O -release O -of O -Ca O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -nor O -an O -oxidation O -of O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -. O -The O -peroxide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -oxidation O -of O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -H O -is O -reversible O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -succinate O -when O -no O -Ca O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -has O -been O -taken O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -proposed O -that O -the O -redox O -state O -of O -mitochondrial O -pyridine O -nucleotides O -can O -be O -or O -is O -in O -part O -controlled O -by O -glutathione B-Chemical -peroxidase O -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -and O -is O -a O -factor O -in O -the O -balance O -of O -Ca O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -between O -mitochondria O -and O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -observation O -, O -together O -with O -our O -previous O -finding O -that O -mutant O -strains O -defective O -in O -acyl O -- O -CoA O -synthetase O -I O -cannot O -incorporate O -exogenous O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -into O -cellular O -lipids O -but O -are O -able O -to O -degrade O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -via O -beta O -- O -oxidation O -, O -indicates O -the O -presence O -of O -two O -functionally O -distinct O -long O -- O -chain O -acyl O -- O -CoA O -pools O -in O -the O -cell O -- O -- O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -one O -for O -lipid O -synthesis O -and O -the O -other O -for O -beta O -- O -oxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -glnA O -- O -linked O -regulatory O -gene O -for O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -other O -class O -produces O -a O -low O -level O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -under O -all O -growth O -conditions O -and O -is O -uncoupled O -from O -the O -regulatory O -effects O -of O -mutations O -in O -the O -glnF O -and O -glnD O -genes O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -analysis O -of O -the O -evidence O -accumulated O -to O -date O -makes O -it O -unlikely O -that O -glnG O -is O -the O -only O -gene O -in O -the O -glnA O -region O -involved O -in O -the O -complex O -system O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -regulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Strains O -with O -mutations O -to O -loss O -of O -function O -of O -the O -glnR O -product O -[ O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -a O -strain O -with O -a O -Tn10 O -insertion O -or O -one O -with O -an O -ICR O -- O -induced O -( O -frameshift O -) O -mutation O -in O -glnR O -] O -have O -about O -3 O -% O -as O -much O -Gln O -synthetase O -as O -a O -fully O -derepressed O -wild O -- O -type O -strain O -and O -are O -unable O -to O -increase O -synthesis O -of O -this O -enzyme O -or O -periplasmic O -transport O -proteins O -in O -response O -to O -nitrogen B-Chemical -limitation O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -the O -properties O -of O -Gln O -synthetase O -from O -the O -insertion O -mutant O -, O -most O -importantly O -the O -carboxyl O -- O -terminal O -sequence O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -are O -the O -same O -as O -those O -of O -synthetase O -from O -wild O -type O -, O -the O -Tn10 O -insertion O -cannot O -be O -in O -glnA O -( O -if O -it O -were O -, O -the O -carboxyl O -terminus O -of O -Gln O -synthetase O -would O -have O -to O -be O -altered O -) O -; O -therefore O -we O -conclude O -that O -the O -Tn10 O -insertion O -is O -in O -a O -regulatory O -gene O -, O -glnR O -, O -which O -is O -distinct O -from O -glnA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -single O -cells O -was O -confirmed O -by O -microspectrofluorimetry O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cholinergic O -and O -adrenergic O -enzyme O -activities O -are O -influenced O -by O -cell O -density O -, O -by O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -, O -and O -by O -conditioned O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -molecules O -of O -the O -phencyclidine B-Chemical -series O -and O -ketamine B-Chemical -are O -able O -to O -bind O -to O -the O -phencyclidine B-Chemical -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -define O -the O -fate O -of O -embryonic O -neuroblasts O -in O -rat O -gut O -, O -which O -transiently O -express O -several O -noradrenergic O -traits O -, O -we O -investigated O -the O -high O -- O -affinity O -uptake O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -uptake O -, O -which O -was O -also O -apparent O -at O -12 O -. O -5 O -days O -, O -persisted O -at O -least O -through O -17 O -. O -5 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -non O -- O -vesicular O -storage O -and O -release O -as O -well O -as O -the O -abundance O -of O -tubular O -mitochondria O -suggest O -that O -the O -hormone O -is O -a O -steroid B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -only O -advanced O -New O -Caledonian O -nickel O -plant O -( O -Psychotria O -douarrei O -) O -has O -most O -of O -its O -nickel O -bound O -with O -ligands O -other O -than O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -a O -feature O -of O -other O -advanced O -hyperaccumulators O -. O - -aps B-category -Rodents O -studied O -were O -the O -mutant O -mice O -' O -diabetic O -' O -( O -db O -/ O -db O -) O -, O -' O -adipose O -' O -( O -dbad O -/ O -dbad O -) O -, O -and O -' O -yellow O -obese O -' O -( O -Ay O -/ O -+ O -) O -, O -New O -Zealand O -obese O -mice O -, O -CBA O -mice O -made O -obese O -with O -gold B-Chemical -thioglucose O -, O -and O -obese O -BIO O -4 O -. O -24 O -hamsters O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -Tyr O -- O -D O -- O -Ala O -- O -Gly O -- O -Phe O -- O -L O -- O -Leu O -amide O -, O -which O -has O -high O -affinities O -for O -both O -binding O -sites O -, O -protects O -both O -receptor O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -two O -experiments O -the O -effects O -were O -investigated O -of O -MSH O -- O -inhibiting O -factor O -- O -I O -( O -MIF O -- O -I O -) O -and O -of O -Melatonin B-Chemical -on O -step O -- O -down O -latencies O -, O -defection O -, O -plasma O -11 O -- O -OHCS O -levels O -, O -whole O -brain O -DA O -and O -whole O -brain O -NE O -concentrations O -on O -Days O -1 O -, O -3 O -and O -5 O -of O -novelty O -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -Melatonin B-Chemical -treatment O -led O -to O -a O -significant O -increase O -of O -whole O -brain O -DA O -in O -animals O -exposed O -to O -novelty O -for O -5 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -overall O -results O -suggested O -a O -possible O -relationship O -between O -novelty O -- O -induced O -defecation O -and O -brain O -DA O -levels O -of O -MIF O -- O -I O -and O -Melatonin B-Chemical -treated O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Trimethadione O -and O -ethosuximide B-Chemical -did O -not O -antagonize O -the O -seizure O -components O -, O -whereas O -clonazepam B-Chemical -, O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -, O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -, O -primidone O -, O -valproate B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -, O -aminoxyacetic O -acid O -, O -etomidate B-Chemical -, O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -, O -flunarizine B-Chemical -, O -pipamperone O -and O -baclofen B-Chemical -did O -. O - -aps B-category -Noteworthy O -are O -the O -similarities O -between O -baclofen B-Chemical -and O -etomidate B-Chemical -; O -between O -aminoxyacetic O -acid O -, O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -and O -valproate B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -; O -and O -between O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -and O -flunarizine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incorporation O -of O -( O -14C O -) O -- B-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -into O -the O -total O -proteins O -of O -the O -hippocampus O -is O -inhibited O -by O -high O -concentrations O -of O -cholinergic O -agonists O -, O -with O -nicotinic O -substances O -( O -such O -as O -1 O -, O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dimethyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -piperazine I-Chemical -) O -being O -more O -effective O -than O -muscarinic O -compounds O -( O -such O -as O -arecoline O -and O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -social O -interaction O -test O -of O -anxiety O -, O -bilateral O -microinjections O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -sulphate O -( O -10 O -microgram O -) O -into O -the O -central O -nucleus O -of O -the O -amygdala O -counteracted O -the O -reduction O -in O -social O -interaction O -normally O -seen O -when O -the O -test O -arena O -is O -unfamiliar O -to O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -open O -field O -test O -, O -morphine B-Chemical -produced O -a O -facilitation O -of O -peripheral O -activity O -when O -injected O -into O -the O -central O -nucleus O -whilst O -a O -decrease O -in O -rearing O -was O -observed O -following O -similar O -injections O -into O -the O -medial O -nucleus O -. O - -aps B-category -Actions O -and O -interactions O -of O -amphetamine B-Chemical -on O -self O -- O -stimulation O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -effects O -increased O -with O -the O -dose O -reaching O -a O -peak O -( O -at O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -with O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -and O -at O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -with O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -) O -and O -then O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -amphetamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -facilitation O -of O -ICSS O -at O -both O -PH O -and O -A10 O -areas O -and O -its O -blockade O -by O -an O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blocker O -as O -well O -as O -an O -antidopaminergic O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -show O -the O -involvement O -of O -both O -noradrenergic O -and O -dopaminergic O -mechanisms O -in O -self O -- O -stimulation O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -Stability O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -solubilized O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -sucrose B-Chemical -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -markedly O -stabilize O -the O -indomethacin B-Chemical -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -a O -second O -laminated O -gelatin O -film O -without O -the O -drug O -over O -a O -gelatin O -- O -gel O -matrix O -containing O -sulfadiazine B-Chemical -on O -the O -release O -rate O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Findings O -are O -as O -follows O -: O -The O -heme O -A O -: O -copper B-Chemical -ratio O -is O -1 O -. O -0 O -at O -both O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -and O -10 O -. O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraventricular O -self O -- O -administration O -of O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -in O -naive O -laboratory O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -the O -animals O -that O -had O -access O -to O -the O -2 O -and O -5 O -% O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -solutions O -showed O -rates O -of O -lever O -pressing O -significantly O -higher O -than O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Amphetamine B-Chemical -' O -s O -locomotor O -- O -stimulant O -and O -noreprinephrine O -- O -releasing O -effects O -: O -evidence O -for O -selective O -antagonism O -by O -nisoxetine O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -administration O -of O -the O -pre O -- O -synaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -agonist O -clonidine B-Chemical -decreases O -the O -concentration O -of O -the O -extra O -- O -neuronal O -metabolite O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -normetanephrine B-Chemical -in O -the O -amygdaloid O -cortex O -and O -increases O -it O -in O -the O -mid O -- O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Mianserin O -had O -a O -qualitatively O -similar O -action O -to O -that O -of O -yohimbine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -thus O -appears O -that O -the O -chronic O -effects O -of O -mianserin B-Chemical -are O -due O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -release O -as O -a O -consequence O -of O -the O -inhibitation O -of O -pre O -- O -synaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -of O -14 O -subjects O -learned O -to O -discriminate O -reliably O -between O -the O -effects O -of O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -pentylenetetrazol B-Chemical -( O -PTZ O -) O -and O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bemegride B-Chemical -discriminative O -stimulus O -generalized O -to O -PTZ O -( O -20mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -was O -antagonized O -by O -chlordiazepoxide O -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Bemegride O -and O -cocaine B-Chemical -generalized O -to O -the O -PTZ O -discriminative O -stimulus O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -, O -but O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -, O -methylphenidate B-Chemical -, O -and O -nicotine B-Chemical -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anxiolytic O -properties O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -and O -meprobamate O -suggest O -that O -the O -discriminative O -stimulus O -produced O -by O -these O -convulsants O -is O -related O -to O -an O -" O -anxiety O -- O -inducing O -" O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Modification O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -blockade O -of O -acid O -secretion O -stimulated O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -pentagastrin O -and O -methacholine O -in O -the O -isolated O -whole O -mouse O -stomach O -. O - -aps B-category -According O -to O -the O -results O -cimetidine B-Chemical -did O -not O -modify O -the O -spontaneous O -basal O -acid O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -orciprenaline B-Chemical -, O -tolazoline O -, O -propanolol B-Chemical -and O -inpea O -on O -platelet O -aggregation O -induced O -by O -ADP O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -vitro O -in O -human O -platelet O -- O -rich O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -Inpea O -blocks O -the O -platelet O -aggregation O -induced O -by O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -to O -a O -greater O -extent O -than O -propanolol B-Chemical -at O -similar O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -lactate B-Chemical -( O -Lact O -) O -on O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -and O -the O -Bohr O -effect O -of O -purified O -human O -adult O -hemoglobin O -solutions O -have O -been O -compared O -to O -the O -effects O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -( O -Cl O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -O2 O -) O -50 O -was O -calculated O -as O -alpha O -. O -P0 O -. O -5 O -where O -alpha O -is O -the O -solubility O -coefficient O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -in O -the O -solutions O -at O -various O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Bohr O -curves O -and O -salt B-Chemical -binding O -curves O -were O -calculated O -from O -standard O -iterative O -curve O -fitting O -procedures O -and O -various O -parameters O -relevant O -to O -the O -effects O -of O -salts O -on O -hemoglobin O -function O -were O -estimated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -linked O -Lact O -was O -larger O -than O -that O -of O -Cl O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -open O -- O -system O -conditions O -, O -temperature O -was O -shown O -to O -cause O -a O -rise O -in O -the O -apparent O -buffer O -power O -of O -whole O -blood O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -systems O -( O -28 O -. O -8 O -and O -34 O -. O -8 O -mM O -. O -l O -- O -1 O -. O -u O -- O -1 O -at O -26 O -degrees O -C O -and O -42 O -degrees O -C O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Sodium B-Chemical -and O -arterial O -hypertension O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Use O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprussiate O -and O -diazoxide O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -hypertensive O -emergencies O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Influence O -of O -antihistaminics O -on O -the O -concentration O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -lungs O -and O -of O -corticosterone B-Chemical -in O -the O -blood O -after O -nitrogen B-Chemical -oxide O -inhalation O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -reports O -have O -shown O -that O -a O -single O -, O -oral O -dose O -of O -50 O -mg O -metoprolol B-Chemical -( O -a O -selective O -beta O -- O -1 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -) O -causes O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -peripheral O -platelet O -count O -by O -releasing O -platelets O -from O -the O -spleen O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -drugs O -induced O -a O -statistically O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -platelet O -count O -lasting O -more O -than O -5 O -h O -. O -In O -addition O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -mediated O -splenic O -platelet O -trapping O -was O -studied O -on O -7 O -healthy O -subjects O -who O -received O -intravenous O -infusions O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -before O -and O -after O -the O -ingestion O -of O -these O -2 O -beta O -- O -blocking O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -blocking O -drugs O -have O -a O -limited O -but O -valuable O -role O -in O -some O -patients O -, O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -have O -a O -strictly O -limited O -place O -in O -treatment O -, O -and O -the O -role O -of O -antidepressants B-Chemical -of O -various O -kinds O -is O -considered O -when O -anxiety O -is O -part O -of O -a O -depressive O -illness O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -differences O -between O -various O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -are O -presented O -, O -with O -particular O -reference O -to O -their O -onset O -of O -action O -, O -half O -- O -life O -and O -the O -relevance O -of O -active O -metabolites O -of O -some O -of O -these O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Potentiating O -effect O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -on O -adenosine B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -reduction O -in O -rabbit O -circulating O -platelet O -count O -: O -inhibition O -by O -dihydroergotoxine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adrenaline B-Chemical -effect O -was O -dose O -- O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -; O -25 O -- O -100 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -inhibited O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -potentiation O -dose O -- O -dependently O -; O -ADP O -- O -induced O -effects O -were O -not O -influenced O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -conceivable O -that O -DHET O -could O -prevent O -activation O -of O -human O -platelets O -by O -catecholamines B-Chemical -released O -into O -the O -blood O -stream O -in O -clinical O -stress O -situations O -. O - -aps B-category -Modification O -of O -cerebrovascular O -CO2 O -reactivity O -by O -inhibition O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Body O -fluid O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -and O -prognosis O -in O -patients O -with O -ruptured O -aneurysm O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -dependence O -of O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -permeability O -to O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -nicotine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -was O -highest O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -1 O -, O -and O -lowered O -significantly O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -, O -7 O -. O -5 O -and O -8 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -alterations O -in O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mechanism O -relating O -to O -these O -observations O -is O -postulated O -and O -possible O -relevance O -to O -lactate B-Chemical -washout O -from O -ischemic O -brain O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Immediately O -after O -embolism O -, O -the O -EEG O -flattened O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -exposed O -animals O -, O -arterial O -PCO2 O -was O -elevated O -by O -3 O -- O -4 O -mmHg O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -by O -about O -4 O -nmol O -/ O -liter O -. O - -aps B-category -Bone O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -phosphorus B-Chemical -levels O -exhibited O -a O -cyclic O -decrease O -, O -which O -resulted O -in O -cyclic O -hypercalcemia O -and O -hyperphosphatemia O -, O -after O -one O -week O -and O -six O -weeks O -of O -exposure O -to O -1 O -% O -CO2 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -indicate O -that O -once O -the O -kidney O -calcification O -process O -has O -started O -, O -kidney O -mineralization O -is O -independent O -of O -fluctuations O -in O -the O -blood O -calcium B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -small O -but O -consistent O -increases O -in O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -during O -a O -4 O -- O -week O -exposure O -to O -1 O -% O -CO2 O -may O -have O -stimulated O -the O -parathyroid O -, O -causing O -an O -increased O -blood O -calcium B-Chemical -level O -that O -was O -independent O -of O -the O -two O -calcium B-Chemical -tides O -in O -the O -blood O -associated O -with O -marked O -bone O -calcium B-Chemical -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -in O -nuclear O -submariners O -show O -that O -calcium B-Chemical -excretion O -falls O -rapidly O -to O -50 O -% O -of O -pre O -- O -patrol O -levels O -during O -long O -patrols O -and O -remains O -low O -for O -many O -weeks O -after O -return O -to O -fresh O -air O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -although O -CO2 O -exposure O -has O -specific O -effects O -on O -calcium B-Chemical -metabolism O -, O -causing O -a O -considerable O -reduction O -in O -urinary O -calcium B-Chemical -excretion O -, O -a O -state O -of O -hypovitaminosis O -C O -occurs O -in O -long O -submarine O -patrols O -that O -has O -effects O -outweighing O -those O -of O -CO2 O -toward O -the O -end O -of O -patrols O -and O -afterward O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -proteinase O -splits O -somatostatin O -, O -Substance B-Chemical -P I-Chemical -and O -some O -C O -- O -fragments O -of O -Substance B-Chemical -P I-Chemical -. O -The O -probable O -sites O -of O -enzyme O -action O -on O -these O -peptides O -were O -determined O -by O -the O -end O -group O -dansyl O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -activity O -was O -inhibited O -by O -L O -- O -1 O -- O -tosylamide O -- O -2 O -- O -phenylethylchloromethyl O -ketone B-Chemical -, O -p O -- O -chloromercuribenzoate O -and O -divalent O -ions O -Co2 O -+ O -, O -Zn2 O -+ O -and O -was O -significantly O -enhanced O -by O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Heterogeneity O -and O -regulation O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -in O -mammalian O -brain O -and O -liver O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -obtained O -make O -us O -conclude O -that O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hypoxanthine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -( O -deaminoNAD O -) O -is O -a O -more O -effective O -coenzyme O -in O -the O -oxidative O -deamination O -of O -Glu O -, O -than O -other O -piridine O -nucleotides O -( O -NAD O -, O -NADP O -, O -deamino O -- O -NADP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Goose O -erythrocytes O -were O -sensitized O -with O -hemagglutinating O -sucrose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetone I-Chemical -antigens O -of O -these O -viruses O -from O -mouse O -brains O -at O -pH O -optimal O -for O -each O -virus O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -acidosis O -in O -patients O -with O -postoperative O -shock O -( O -n O -= O -8 O -) O -and O -in O -patients O -with O -shock O -due O -to O -severe O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -( O -n O -= O -12 O -) O -provoked O -decreased O -levels O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -, O -ADP O -, O -ATP O -and O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Multiple O -forms O -of O -soluble O -monophenol O -, O -dihydroxyphenylalanine O -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -oxidoreductase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -14 O -. O -18 O -. O -1 O -) O -from O -potato O -tubers O -( O -Solanum O -tuberosum O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -that O -o O -- O -diphenol O -oxidase O -is O -more O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stable I-Chemical -than O -monophenol O -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -first O -part O -the O -physico O -- O -chemical O -, O -analytic O -chemical O -and O -physiologic O -biochemical O -properties O -of O -the O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -third O -part O -is O -reported O -on O -the O -individual O -methods O -of O -the O -determination O -of O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -the O -method O -practised O -in O -the O -author O -' O -s O -laboratory O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -ribosomes O -and O -60S O -subunits O -with O -0 O -. O -5 O -M B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ammonium I-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -released O -a O -considerable O -part O -of O -deoxyribonucleolytic O -and O -ribonucleolytic O -activity O -; O -treatment O -of O -40S O -subunits O -resulted O -in O -a O -complete O -release O -of O -deoxyribonucleolytic O -activity O -and O -partial O -release O -of O -ribonucleolytic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -x O -- O -rays O -or O -aseptic O -inflammatory O -reaction O -on O -the O -circadian O -rhythm O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -mouse O -liver O -( O -TAT O -activity O -of O -mouse O -liver O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -relation O -to O -the O -control O -mice O -in O -the O -experimental O -mice O -statistically O -significant O -changes O -were O -demonstrated O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -associated O -with O -desynchronization O -of O -the O -circadian O -TAT O -rhythm O -, O -particularly O -evident O -in O -the O -first O -hours O -of O -the O -first O -day O -of O -the O -experiment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -motility O -of O -the O -rumen O -was O -inhibited O -most O -strongly O -by O -butyric O -acid O -, O -followed O -with O -regard O -of O -this O -effect O -by O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -propionic O -acid O -and O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -acidosis O -of O -the O -rumen O -was O -induced O -in O -sheep O -infusing O -into O -it O -through O -a O -fistula O -a O -solution O -of O -saccharose O -and O -solutions O -of O -different O -volatile O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -they O -are O -infused O -in O -equimolar O -amounts O -into O -the O -rumen O -the O -strongest O -and O -earliest O -disturbances O -in O -that O -equilibrium O -are O -caused O -by O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -followed O -by O -butyric O -, O -lactic O -and O -propionic O -acids O -. O - -aps B-category -Tyrosine O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -levels O -in O -the O -different O -brain O -regions O -were O -measured O -simultaneously O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -enzymes O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -as O -well O -as O -tryptophan B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -seem O -to O -be O -equally O -affected O -during O -hypoxia O -in O -the O -different O -brain O -regions O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Proximal O -tubules O -of O -rats O -were O -instilled O -and O -perfused O -with O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -solutions O -containing O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -inhibitors O -, O -especially O -designed O -to O -be O -impermeable O -to O -cell O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -therefore O -concluded O -that O -the O -cytoplasmic O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -is O -the O -important O -enzyme O -for O -the O -proximal O -tubular O -acidification O -rate O -, O -and O -hence O -the O -rate O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypercalcemia O -, O -mean O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -3 O -. O -85 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -( O -hydropenia O -) O -and O -3 O -. O -62 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -( O -saline O -infusion O -) O -, O -increased O -fractional O -excretion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -( O -CNa O -/ O -CIn O -) O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -( O -CCa O -/ O -CIn O -) O -, O -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -( O -CMg O -/ O -CIn O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Fractional O -excretion O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -Cp O -/ O -CIn O -) O -was O -not O -consistently O -changed O -by O -hypercalcemia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -hydropenic O -dogs O -hypercalcemia O -caused O -a O -slight O -but O -significant O -decrease O -in O -blood O -pH O -, O -standard O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -and O -base O -excess O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -blood O -flow O -( O -CBF O -) O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -( O -CMRO2 O -) O -were O -measured O -during O -acute O -and O -long O -- O -term O -ethanol B-Chemical -intoxication O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Consistent O -with O -other O -studies O -we O -found O -that O -acute O -severe O -ethanol B-Chemical -intoxication O -( O -median O -blood O -alcohol B-Chemical -concentration O -( O -BAC O -= O -5 O -. O -4 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -) O -) O -caused O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -CBF O -and O -CMRO2 O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -induction O -of O -hypercapnia O -( O -PaCO2 O -about O -80 O -mmHg O -) O -CBF O -increased O -by O -360 O -% O -in O -the O -control O -group O -; O -in O -the O -acutely O -intoxicated O -group O -CBF O -increased O -by O -only O -127 O -% O -and O -in O -the O -long O -term O -intoxicated O -group O -by O -203 O -% O -indicating O -that O -the O -cerebrovascular O -CO2 O -- O -reactivity O -had O -also O -adapted O -to O -the O -ethanol B-Chemical -intoxication O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -bile O -output O -and O -biliary O -content O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -amylase O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -of O -the O -retina O -was O -studied O -in O -vivo O -, O -by O -determining O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -lactate B-Chemical -a O -- O -v O -differences O -for O -choroidal O -and O -retinal O -blood O -in O -pigs O -at O -different O -levels O -of O -intraocular O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -increased O -levels O -of O -intraocular O -pressure O -the O -choroidal O -and O -retinal O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -choroidal O -oxygen B-Chemical -a O -- O -v O -differences O -increased O -, O -thus O -at O -least O -partly O -compensating O -for O -reduced O -blood O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -total O -amount O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -extracted O -from O -choroidal O -and O -retinal O -blood O -could O -only O -account O -for O -complete O -oxidation O -of O -37 O -% O -of O -the O -extracted O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -effects O -: O -relation O -to O -lithium B-Chemical -dose O -and O -to O -plasma O -peak O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -correlation O -analysis O -was O -undertaken O -of O -the O -relation O -of O -plasma O -peak O -level O -and O -the O -dose O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -to O -a O -number O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -induced O -changes O -: O -Increase O -in O -urine O -volume O -, O -weight O -gain O -, O -decrease O -in O -plasm O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -increase O -in O -plasma O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -decrease O -in O -plasma O -urea B-Chemical -, O -increase O -in O -plasma O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -increase O -in O -urinary O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -urine O -volume O -was O -significantly O -correlated O -to O -the O -dose O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypothesis O -that O -schizophrenia O -results O -from O -overactive O -dopaminergic O -influences O -suggests O -that O -reducing O -dopamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -may O -increase O -the O -clinical O -effects O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -blocking O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -AMPT O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -increased O -the O -anti O -- O -schizophrenic O -effect O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -reduced O -dose O -compared O -with O -placebo O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -though O -two O -patients O -relapsed O -during O -the O -AMPT O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -limited O -antipsychotic O -effect O -and O -the O -potential O -for O -aggravating O -neurological O -symptoms O -suggest O -that O -the O -combination O -of O -AMPT O -and O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -does O -not O -offer O -a O -superior O -advantage O -to O -treating O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -effect O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -on O -Borrelia O -duttoni O -. O - -aps B-category -Mice O -given O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -were O -infected O -with O -Borrelia O -duttoni O -. O - -aps B-category -Antigenicity O -testing O -of O -plain O -and O -aluminium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -- O -adsorbed O -whole O -- O -cell O -cholera O -vaccines O -. O - -aps B-category -Gram O -- O -negative O -bacteria O -isolated O -from O -animals O -in O -three O -large O -calfhouses O -were O -almost O -100 O -% O -resistant O -to O -ampicillin B-Chemical -, O -tetracyclines O -and O -sulphonamides O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -study O -on O -the O -anticellular O -and O -antiviral O -effects O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -and O -the O -haemopoietic O -stem O -cell O -inhibition O -factor O -. O - -aps B-category -Preparations O -of O -L O -- O -cell O -culture O -interferon B-Chemical -, O -dialysed O -and O -purified O -by O -carboxymethyl O -- O -Sephadex O -( O -G O -- O -25 O -) O -column O -chromatography O -, O -showed O -an O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -exogenous O -colony O -formation O -by O -bone O -marrow O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -factor O -produced O -by O -thymus O -cells O -following O -their O -treatment O -with O -antilymphocyte O -serum O -inhibited O -colony O -formation O -by O -bone O -marrow O -cells O -and O -, O -unlike O -interferon B-Chemical -, O -possessed O -no O -antiviral O -activity O -when O -tested O -in O -cell O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uses O -of O -the O -nonionic O -detergent O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -( O -TX O -- O -100 O -) O -and O -the O -cationic O -cetyltrimethylammonium O -bromide B-Chemical -( O -CTAB O -) O -for O -the O -production O -of O -tick O -- O -borne O -encephalitis O -( O -TBE O -) O -virus O -subunits O -were O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -( O -DOG O -) O -effectively O -inhibited O -vesicular O -stomatitis O -virus O -( O -VSV O -) O -multiplication O -in O -Vero O -cells O -when O -pyruvate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -medium O -was O -used O -as O -an O -energy O -source O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -inhibiting O -effect O -was O -reversed O -by O -mannose O -and O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -4 O -isolates O -possessed O -the O -ability O -to O -induce O -the O -thymidine B-Chemical -kinase O -( O -TK O -) O -activity O -in O -cell O -lines O -lacking O -that O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -Ca O -ions O -on O -the O -efficiency O -of O -translation O -by O -bacteria O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -mRNA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -and O -the O -new O -beta O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -, O -timolol B-Chemical -, O -in O -controlling O -heart O -rate O -at O -rest O -and O -during O -exercise O -was O -investigated O -in O -28 O -patients O -with O -chronic O -atrial O -fibrillation O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -digoxin B-Chemical -blood O -levels O -from O -a O -mean O -of O -0 O -. O -6 O -to O -1 O -. O -8 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -heart O -rate O -either O -at O -rest O -or O -during O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -Heart O -rates O -at O -rest O -were O -91 O -and O -98 O -beats O -/ O -min O -in O -the O -patients O -with O -low O -and O -high O -digoxin B-Chemical -dosage O -and O -rose O -to O -135 O -and O -139 O -beats O -/ O -min O -, O -respectively O -, O -during O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -Digoxin B-Chemical -alone O -may O -not O -suffice O -to O -control O -excessive O -heart O -rate O -in O -patients O -with O -chronic O -atrial O -fibrillation O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -previously O -shown O -that O -a O -selective O -absence O -of O -serum O -and O -secretory O -immunoglobulin O -A O -( O -IgA O -) O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -development O -of O -circulating O -immune O -complexes O -which O -appear O -to O -contain O -bovine O -milk O -antigens O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -investigated O -the O -possibility O -that O -choline B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -might O -reduce O -schizophrenic O -symptoms O -by O -increasing O -central O -cholinergic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -there O -was O -some O -evidence O -that O -choline B-Chemical -significantly O -increased O -symptoms O -of O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fat O -embolism O -syndrome O -treated O -with O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -diuretics O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -restriction O -and O -spontaneous O -ventilation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationships O -of O -acetylhistamine O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -to O -the O -clinical O -signs O -of O -carbohydrate O -- O -induced O -acidosis O -were O -investigated O -in O -beef O -steers O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -signs O -appeared O -4 O -to O -6 O -hours O -after O -blood O -acetylhistamine O -attained O -maximal O -concentration O -( O -2 O -. O -9997 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -7054 O -microgram O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -base O -/ O -ml O -of O -blood O -) O -and O -blood O -pH O -decreased O -to O -7 O -. O -260 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -026 O -at O -8 O -hours O -after O -engorgement O -. O - -aps B-category -Ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -in O -critically O -ill O -surgical O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mortality O -rate O -increased O -as O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -total O -calcium B-Chemical -( O -4 O -. O -0u O -mEq O -/ O -l O -) O -in O -the O -critically O -ill O -patient O -was O -also O -significantly O -lower O -than O -in O -controls O -( O -4 O -. O -55 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -40 O -mEq O -/ O -l O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -measured O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -correlated O -with O -the O -total O -calcium B-Chemical -level O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -56 O -) O -and O -with O -estimated O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -53 O -) O -, O -it O -must O -be O -emphasized O -that O -severe O -ionic O -hypocalcemia O -may O -occur O -despite O -normal O -total O -or O -calculated O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Labetalol B-Chemical -as O -a O -hypotensive O -agent O -in O -otological O -operations O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Penicillin B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -Penicillium O -chrysogenum O -in O -experiments O -with O -washed O -mycelium O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Still O -, O -such O -a O -decrease O -did O -not O -cover O -the O -nitrogen B-Chemical -requirements O -of O -the O -culture O -for O -the O -antibiotic O -synthesis O -and O -mobilization O -of O -the O -protein O -nitrogen B-Chemical -took O -place O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -same O -time O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -nitrogen B-Chemical -was O -absent O -in O -the O -fermentation O -broth O -filtrate O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -amounts O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -and O -valine O -were O -not O -high O -and O -probably O -other O -free O -intracellular O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -participated O -in O -their O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -on O -the O -growth O -of O -a O -B O -. O -polymyza O -1538 O -culture O -and O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -polymyxin O -B O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -all O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -tested O -except O -D O -- O -L O -- O -threonin O -and O -L O -- O -alpha O -- O -gamma O -- O -DABA O -inhibited O -the O -initial O -growth O -of O -the O -organism O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -of O -the O -tested O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -used O -alone O -or O -in O -combination O -provided O -the O -levels O -of O -polymyxin O -B O -biosynthesis O -observed O -on O -the O -media O -containing O -rich O -sources O -of O -organic O -nitrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -microbiological O -assay O -, O -cefamandole O -nafate O -should O -be O -hydrolyzed O -for O -1 O -h O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -in O -pH O -8 O -buffer O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -) O -or O -for O -30 O -min O -at O -room O -temperature O -in O -aqueous O -solutions O -containing O -1 O -. O -25 O -molar O -equivalents O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -carbonate O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -re O -- O -examination O -of O -the O -reaction O -between O -ox O -liver O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -1 O -- O -fluoro O -- O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dinitrobenzene O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -guanfacine O -and O -three O -imidazolidine O -derivatives O -related O -to O -clonidine B-Chemical -on O -blood O -pressure O -, O -heart O -rate O -and O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -in O -the O -anaesthetized O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -( O -100 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -to O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -clonidine B-Chemical -( O -250 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -to O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -each O -caused O -acute O -increases O -in O -acid O -secretion O -, O -the O -magnitude O -and O -duration O -of O -which O -were O -dose O -- O -dependent O -: O -the O -secretory O -effect O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -was O -blocked O -by O -cimetidine B-Chemical -( O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Guanfacine O -and O -the O -three O -clonidine B-Chemical -analogues O -all O -produced O -cardiovascular O -effects O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -; O -however O -, O -only O -the O -2 O -, O -6 O -- O -dibromo O -analogue O -increased O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -RU O -31158 O -, O -6 O -- O -( O -orthochlorophenyl O -) O -- O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -dihydro O -- O -2 O -( O -N O -- O -methylpiperazine O -- O -1 O -- O -yl O -) O -methylene O -- O -8 O -- O -nitro O -- O -IH O -, O -4H O -- O -imidazo O -[ O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -a O -] O -[ O -1 O -, O -4 O -] O -benzodiazepin O -- O -1 O -- O -one O -methanesulphonate O -, O -demonstrated O -potent O -hypnotic O -activity O -compared O -to O -diazepam B-Chemical -when O -examined O -in O -the O -mouse O -and O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -for O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -were O -compared O -to O -findings O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -practolol O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -practolol O -effective O -hypotensive O -effects O -were O -seen O -in O -WKR O -and O -DOCA B-Chemical -rats O -but O -not O -in O -the O -SHR O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -based O -on O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -response O -of O -rat O -myocardial O -cells O -in O -culture O -, O -incubated O -in O -the O -serum O -to O -be O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -Manganese O -, O -zinc B-Chemical -, O -and O -cobalt B-Chemical -ions O -are O -strong O -activators O -even O -in O -low O -concentrations O -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -or O -1 O -. O -0 O -mMol O -) O -, O -whereas O -copper B-Chemical -, O -cadmium O -, O -and O -mercury O -ions O -are O -strong O -inhibitors O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activation O -process O -of O -L O -particles O -was O -studied O -under O -strictly O -controlled O -monovalent O -, O -divalent O -, O -and O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Western O -equine O -encephalitis O -virus O -was O -disrupted O -with O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -and O -subjected O -to O -isoelectric O -focusing O -in O -a O -sucrose B-Chemical -or O -urea B-Chemical -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -E1 O -protein O -refocused O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -in O -a O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -isoelectric O -focusing O -column O -. O - -aps B-category -Purified O -nucleocapsids O -focused O -at O -pH O -4 O -in O -a O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -on O -an O -isoelectric O -focusing O -column O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -healthy O -volunteers O -, O -patients O -with O -acute O -infarction O -had O -unpredictable O -absorption O -of O -pindolol B-Chemical -from O -the O -gastrointestinal O -tract O -; O -this O -was O -attributable O -in O -part O -to O -concurrent O -administration O -of O -narcotic O -analgesics O -. O - -aps B-category -Transport O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -by O -rat O -kidney O -brush O -- O -border O -membrane O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -Variation O -of O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -concentration O -showed O -that O -the O -system O -obeyed O -Michaelis O -- O -Menten O -kinetics O -with O -Km O -and O -Vmax O -. O - -aps B-category -Vesicles O -from O -acidotic O -rats O -, O -however O -, O -showed O -no O -increase O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -transport O -and O -no O -increase O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -maltase O -, O -another O -brush O -- O -border O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -to O -adenosine B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -retention O -and O -to O -mitochondrial O -permeability O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -mersalyl O -and O -of O -thyroid O -hormones O -could O -be O -diminished O -with O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -Ca2 O -+ O -efflux O -is O -a O -measure O -of O -a O -permeability O -controlled O -by O -the O -binding O -of O -ADP O -( O -an O -Mg2 O -+ O -) O -to O -the O -inner O -membrane O -, O -and O -that O -this O -in O -turn O -depends O -on O -the O -maintenance O -of O -certain O -thiol B-Chemical -gropus O -in O -a O -reduced O -form O -by O -a O -reaction O -that O -uses O -NADH O -and O -ATP O -and O -the O -energy O -- O -linked O -transhydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -Iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -EDTA I-Chemical -was O -shown O -to O -catalyse O -OH O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -ascorbate O -and O -superoxide B-Chemical -were O -both O -present O -, O -the O -ascorbate O -mechanism O -was O -more O -important O -than O -superoxide B-Chemical -as O -a O -source O -of O -OH O -. O -, O -and O -would O -appear O -to O -be O -more O -significantly O -biologically O -. O - -aps B-category -Replacement O -of O -Na O -+ O -in O -the O -external O -medium O -by O -either O -K O -+ O -or O -choline B-Chemical -led O -to O -uptake O -that O -followed O -normal O -Michaelis O -- O -- O -Menten O -kinetics O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -of O -plant O -calmodulin O -by O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Sepharose I-Chemical -affinity O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -sensitivity O -to O -androgen B-Chemical -as O -a O -contributing O -factor O -in O -sex O -differences O -in O -the O -immune O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Enzymologic O -characterization O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -nucleosidase O -of O -medicinal O -plants O -( O -Medicago O -sativa O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -pH O -for O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -is O -between O -pH O -5 O -and O -pH O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -Km O -value O -of O -7 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -was O -found O -with O -adenosine B-Chemical -as O -substrate O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Role O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -lipid O -peroxidation O -in O -the O -oxidase O -inactivation O -in O -mixed O -hepatic O -microsomal O -function O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -FeSO4 O -0 O -. O -5 O -mM O -had O -only O -little O -effect O -one O -enzyme O -activity O -whereas O -stimulated O -the O -response O -of O -the O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thiobarbituric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacokinetics O -of O -closely O -related O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Structure O -affects O -the O -relative O -potency O -of O -the O -compounds O -as O -anticonvulsants O -, O -anxiolytics O -or O -sedatives O -so O -that O -judicious O -choice O -of O -a O -particular O -compound O -for O -a O -particular O -patient O -and O -condition O -will O -lead B-Chemical -to O -improved O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacokinetics O -and O -metabolism O -of O -temazepam B-Chemical -in O -man O -and O -several O -animal O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -Pharmacokinetics O -of O -temazepam B-Chemical -in O -man O -were O -investigated O -in O -a O -single O -dose O -study O -at O -two O -dose O -levels O -, O -and O -in O -a O -multiple O -dose O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -Healthy O -volunteers O -received O -single O -doses O -of O -temazepam B-Chemical -30 O -mg O -in O -conventional O -gelatin O -capsules O -, O -suppositories O -or O -in O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -The O -apparent O -half O -- O -life O -of O -temazepam B-Chemical -after O -night O -- O -time O -administration O -was O -shorter O -than O -after O -morning O -administration O -, O -but O -no O -change O -was O -observed O -between O -the O -first O -and O -seventh O -night O -- O -time O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -temazepam B-Chemical -, O -flurazepam B-Chemical -and O -quinalbarbitone O -on O -sleep O -: O -psychomotor O -and O -cognitive O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -Changes O -in O -sleep O -induction O -and O -sleep O -maintenance O -were O -observed O -with O -temazepam B-Chemical -30 O -mg O -and O -flurazepam B-Chemical -30 O -mg O -had O -the O -greater O -effect O -on O -cognitive O -performance O -, O -whereas O -quinalbarbitone O -20 O -mg O -had O -the O -greater O -effect O -on O -psychomotive O -performance O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypnotic O -efficacy O -of O -temazepam B-Chemical -: O -a O -long O -- O -term O -sleep O -laboratory O -evaluation O -. O - -aps B-category -Double O -- O -blind O -evaluation O -of O -the O -safety O -and O -hypnotic O -efficacy O -of O -temazepam B-Chemical -in O -insomniac O -outpatients O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -Patients O -reported O -that O -temazepam B-Chemical -was O -more O -effective O -than O -placebo O -in O -reducing O -the O -difficulty O -of O -falling O -asleep O -and O -improving O -sleep O -maintenance O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacokinetics O -and O -metabolism O -of O -various O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -used O -as O -hypnotics O -. O - -aps B-category -Double O -- O -blind O -evaluation O -of O -the O -efficacy O -and O -safety O -of O -temazepam B-Chemical -in O -outpatients O -with O -insomnia O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Residual O -effects O -reported O -for O -temazepam B-Chemical -and O -glutethimide O -immediately O -after O -awakening O -and O -during O -the O -day O -were O -similar O -to O -or O -less O -than O -those O -reported O -for O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -spontaneous O -changes O -in O -urinary O -pH O -on O -renal O -excretion O -and O -plasma O -concentration O -of O -mexiletine B-Chemical -has O -been O -examined O -during O -chronic O -administration O -of O -subtherapeutic O -doses O -of O -the O -drug O -to O -healthy O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -Prediction O -of O -plasma O -mexiletine B-Chemical -concentrations O -from O -our O -data O -suggests O -that O -the O -amount O -of O -mexiletine B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -would O -increase O -by O -more O -than O -50 O -% O -following O -a O -rise O -in O -urinary O -pH O -similar O -to O -that O -which O -occurred O -spontaneously O -in O -our O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cardiovascular O -responses O -to O -handgrip O -exercise O -have O -been O -studied O -in O -ten O -patients O -with O -uncomplicated O -essential O -hypertension O -in O -a O -randomized O -crossover O -study O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -prazosin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degree O -of O -pressure O -rise O -was O -similar O -with O -both O -drugs O -but O -propranolol B-Chemical -suppressed O -isometric O -exercise O -- O -induced O -tachycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -Pre O -and O -postsynaptic O -alpha O -- O -receptor O -agonists O -and O -the O -rate O -of O -release O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -in O -man O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -on O -the O -growth O -of O -xenografted O -human O -colorectal O -carcinomas O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -mice O -treated O -with O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonist O -, O -the O -growth O -of O -xenografts O -was O -suppressed O -for O -2 O -days O -, O -after O -which O -growth O -was O -resumed O -at O -a O -rate O -similar O -to O -that O -in O -control O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonist O -sotalol B-Chemical -or O -practolol O -increased O -the O -rate O -of O -tumour O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -antiserotoninergic O -drug O -BW O -501C O -and O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -cimetidine B-Chemical -each O -caused O -short O -- O -term O -suppression O -of O -tumour O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduced O -activity O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -; O -NADP O -+ O -1 O -- O -oxidoreductase O -; O -G6PF O -) O -in O -Mediterranean O -erythrocytes O -explains O -the O -precarious O -equilibrium O -of O -the O -hexose O -monophosphate O -pathway O -( O -HMP O -) O -and O -the O -susceptibility O -of O -these O -cells O -to O -haemolytic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -started O -soon O -after O -accidental O -intake O -of O -fava O -beans O -by O -sensitive O -G6PD O -- O -deficient O -subjects O -demonstrate O -a O -decrease O -of O -both O -NADPH B-Chemical -/ O -NADP O -+ O -ratio O -and O -reduced B-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Solubilization O -and O -reconstitution O -of O -the O -catecholamine B-Chemical -transporter O -from O -bovine O -chromaffin O -granules O -. O - -aps B-category -Reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -accumulation O -against O -a O -concentration O -gradient O -is O -achieved O -by O -artifically O -imposing O -a O -pH O -gradient O -across O -the O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proton O -- O -translocating O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -( O -ATPase O -) O -is O -solubilized O -in O -parallel O -with O -the O -increasing O -efficiency O -of O -ATP O -as O -an O -energy O -source O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reserpine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -process O -shows O -affinity O -and O -ss O -presented O -in O -this O -communication O -provide O -further O -support O -for O -the O -contention O -that O -concentrative O -uptake O -in O -biogenic O -amine B-Chemical -storage O -vesicles O -is O -driven O -by O -a O -transmembrane O -pH O -gradient O -, O -which O -, O -in O -the O -native O -system O -, O -is O -generated O -by O -a O -proton O -- O -translocating O -ATPase O -. O - -aps B-category -Site O -- O -specific O -modification O -of O -arsanilazotyrosine O -- O -248 O -carboxypeptidase O -A O -with O -cobalt B-Chemical -( O -III O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -approach O -involves O -the O -production O -of O -a O -chelating O -agent O -at O -the O -site O -of O -interest O -with O -the O -subsequent O -in O -situ O -oxidation O -of O -substitution O -- O -labile O -cobalt B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -to O -exchange O -- O -inert O -cobalt B-Chemical -( O -III O -) O -with O -H2O2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Model O -CoIII O -( O -EDDA O -) O -( O -azophenolate O -) O -complexes O -have O -helped O -to O -define O -the O -reaction O -conditions O -necessary O -to O -produce O -the O -enzyme O -derivative O -and O -have O -proved O -invaluable O -in O -the O -spectral O -analysis O -of O -the O -cobalt B-Chemical -( O -III O -) O -- O -enzyme O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -Full O -resistance O -to O -1 O -mM O -cyanide O -was O -observed O -by O -growing O -cells O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -erythromycin B-Chemical -( O -100 O -- O -- O -400 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -) O -0 O -. O -2 O -mM O -cyanide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -with O -the O -negatively O -charged O -reductants O -increased O -with O -the O -increase O -of O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -at O -a O -neutral O -pH O -or O -with O -the O -decrease O -of O -medium O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -pH O -on O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -kinetics O -of O -cytochrome O -c O -oxidase O -proteoliposomes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -profiles O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -kinetics O -of O -energized O -and O -deenergized O -oxidase O -vesicles O -are O -similar O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -pH O -dependence O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -kinetics O -, O -the O -binding O -of O -CO O -to O -the O -oxidase O -is O -not O -pH O -dependent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -transport O -of O -purine B-Chemical -derivatives O -into O -vacuoles O -isolated O -from O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Guanosine O -greater O -than O -inosine O -= O -hypoxanthine O -greater O -than O -adenosine B-Chemical -were O -taken O -up O -with O -decreasing O -initial O -velocities O -, O -respectively O -; O -adenine O -was O -not O -transported O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -transport O -in O -vacuoles O -appeared O -strongly O -dependent O -on O -the O -growth O -phase O -of O -the O -cell O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -in O -the O -external O -medium O -, O -[ O -14C O -] O -adenosine B-Chemical -did O -not O -flow O -out O -from O -preloaded O -vacuoles O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -isolated O -vacuoles O -the O -only O -purine B-Chemical -derivative O -accumulated O -was O -found O -to O -be O -S O -- O -adenosyl O -- O -L O -- O -homocysteine O -. O - -aps B-category -Zn2 O -+ O -, O -Mn2 O -+ O -, O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -and O -p O -- O -chloromercuribenzoate O -inhibit O -the O -ribonuclease O -, O -while O -Na O -+ O -, O -K O -+ O -, O -EDTA O -and O -sermidine O -have O -only O -little O -or O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Elution O -and O -pH O -profiles O -, O -dissociation O -of O -subunits O -with O -0 O -. O -5 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -and O -activity O -ratios O -( O -- O -cyclic O -AMP O -/ O -+ O -cyclic O -AMP O -) O -for O -various O -substrates O -for O -Type O -II O -isoenzyme O -in O -goitrous O -and O -control O -tissue O -were O -similar O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -enzymes O -were O -further O -purified O -by O -gel O -filtration O -and O -were O -homogeneous O -as O -judged O -by O -cellulose O -acetate O -membrane O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -and O -ultracentrifugal O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tosyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -methylester O -esterase O -activity O -of O -beta O -- O -fibrinogenase O -was O -about O -14 O -times O -that O -of O -crude O -venom O -, O -while O -alpha O -- O -fibrinogenase O -was O -completely O -devoid O -of O -this O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nuclease O -, O -active O -on O -denatured O -DNA O -and O -RNA O -and O -free O -of O -contamination O -by O -other O -nucleolytic O -activities O -, O -appeared O -to O -be O -a O -zinc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -metallo I-Chemical -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nuclease O -, O -with O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -32 O -000 O -, O -was O -stable O -at O -neutral O -pH O -at O -high O -temperatures O -with O -a O -half O -- O -life O -of O -20 O -min O -at O -80 O -degrees O -C O -. O -It O -was O -inhibited O -by O -any O -salt B-Chemical -of O -buffer O -concentration O -above O -the O -level O -of O -zero O -ionic O -strength O -and O -showed O -a O -special O -sensitivity O -towards O -phosphate B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -transferases O -A O -and O -B O -were O -estimated O -to O -have O -molecular O -weights O -of O -151 O -000 O -in O -the O -absence O -and O -40 O -000 O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -solubilized O -monoacylglycerol O -hydrolase O -from O -platelets O -was O -optimally O -active O -at O -pH O -between O -7 O -and O -8 O -and O -at O -ionic O -strength O -corresponding O -to O -[ O -NaCl B-Chemical -] O -between O -0 O -. O -1 O -and O -0 O -. O -3 O -M O -. O -The O -optimal O -assay O -temperature O -was O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -sensitive O -to O -HgCl2 O -but O -not O -to O -NaF O -. O - -aps B-category -CDPdiacylglycerol O -: O -inositol B-Chemical -transferase O -activity O -in O -rabbit O -lung O -tissue O -has O -been O -characterized O -and O -the O -optimum O -conditions O -for O -assaying O -this O -enzyme O -in O -vitro O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reversibility O -of O -the O -reaction O -catalyzed O -by O -CDPdiacylglycerol O -: O -inositol B-Chemical -transferase O -in O -microsomes O -prepared O -from O -rabbit O -lung O -tissue O -was O -demonstrated O -by O -the O -synthesis O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -CMPdiacylglycerol O -when O -[ O -3H O -] O -CMP O -and O -phosphatidylinositol O -were O -present O -in O -the O -incubation O -mixture O -. O - -aps B-category -Distinct O -effects O -of O -three O -bile O -salts O -on O -cholesterol B-Chemical -solubilization O -by O -oleate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -monoolein I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bile I-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -micelles O -. O - -aps B-category -Whatever O -the O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -/ O -oleyl O -compounds O -ratio O -, O -taurochenodeoxycholate O -solubilizes O -more O -cholesterol B-Chemical -than O -taurocholate O -and O -much O -more O -than O -tauroursodeoxycholate O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholesterol B-Chemical -solubility O -falls O -in O -oleate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bile I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -mixtures O -as O -the O -pH O -is O -raised O -. O - -aps B-category -Stoichiometry O -of O -the O -reaction O -of O -oxyhemoglobin O -with O -nitrite B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -NO2 O -- O -binds O -with O -methemoglobin O -noncooperatively O -with O -a O -binding O -constant O -of O -340 O -M O -- O -1 O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -and O -25 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Thus O -, O -the O -major O -part O -of O -Hb O -+ O -produced O -is O -aquomethemoglobin O -, O -not O -methemoglobin O -nitrite B-Chemical -, O -when O -less O -than O -2 O -equivalents O -of O -nitrite B-Chemical -is O -used O -for O -the O -oxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -Autooxidation O -of O -carp O -hemoglobin O -has O -been O -measured O -from O -4 O -- O -- O -25 O -degrees O -C O -with O -and O -without O -P6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inositol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -acidic O -media O -with O -P6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inositol I-Chemical -, O -the O -autooxidation O -is O -initially O -rapid O -which O -becomes O -slower O -subsequently O -but O -eventually O -proceeds O -very O -fast O -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -liver O -mitochondria O -and O -rat O -liver O -mitoplasts O -mobilize O -iron B-Chemical -from O -ferritin O -by O -a O -mechanism O -which O -depends O -on O -a O -respiratory O -substrate O -( O -preferentially O -succinate O -) O -, O -a O -small O -molecular O -weight O -electron O -mediator O -( O -FMN O -, O -phenazine O -methosulphate O -or O -methylene O -blue O -) O -and O -( O -near O -) O -anaerobic O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -ferritin O -might O -function O -as O -an O -intermediate O -in O -the O -cytosolic O -transport O -of O -iron B-Chemical -to O -the O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparative O -study O -of O -effects O -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -copper I-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -complex O -on O -xenobiotic O -hydroxylation O -and O -lipid O -peroxidation O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -of O -the O -above O -- O -mentioned O -reactions O -with O -Tyr2 O -- O -Cu2 O -+ O -is O -less O -pronounced O -or O -absent O -, O -if O -cumole O -hydroperoxide O -is O -used O -as O -cosubstrate O -instead O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -enzyme O -equal O -to O -45000 O -was O -determined O -by O -disc O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -temperature O -- O -sensitive O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -, O -saturable O -, O -and O -is O -inhibited O -by O -metabolic O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -general O -, O -irrespective O -of O -pharmacologic O -class O -, O -the O -tertiary O -amines B-Chemical -were O -more O -potent O -than O -the O -secondary O -or O -primary O -amines B-Chemical -, O -although O -there O -were O -some O -exceptions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -gradual O -reduction O -of O -hypnotics O -was O -accompanied O -by O -a O -shift O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -dosage O -to O -the O -evening O -and O -bedtime O -, O -with O -reduction O -of O -the O -morning O -and O -midday O -dose O -, O -without O -change O -of O -the O -total O -daily O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thickness O -of O -the O -thoracic O -aorta O -of O -man O -and O -dog O -exceeds O -the O -effective O -diffusion O -distance O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -but O -nutrition O -is O -supplemented O -by O -vasa O -vasorum O -which O -enter O -into O -the O -outer O -layers O -of O -the O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -and O -its O -metabolites O -homovanillic O -acid O -and O -dihydroxyphenylacetic O -acid O -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -its O -metabolite O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -and O -its O -metabolite O -kynurenine B-Chemical -have O -been O -assayed O -in O -9 O -schizophrenic O -and O -10 O -control O -brains O -, O -together O -with O -the O -monoamine O -- O -related O -enzymes O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -monoamine O -oxidase O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -, O -and O -catechol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -o I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -transferase I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -are O -not O -consistent O -with O -theories O -that O -serotonin B-Chemical -or O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -stores O -are O -grossly O -depleted O -or O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -neurones O -have O -degenerated O -, O -or O -that O -monoamine O -oxidase O -activity O -is O -abnormal O -, O -in O -schizophrenia O -, O -and O -provide O -no O -direct O -support O -for O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -dopamine B-Chemical -neurones O -are O -overactive O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -isolated O -synaptic O -vesicles O -were O -solubilized O -with O -1 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -and O -subjected O -to O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -receptor O -occupation O -by O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -and O -correlation O -with O -the O -pharmacological O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -, O -using O -a O -highly O -radiolabelled O -[ O -3H O -] O -- B-Chemical -flunitrazepam I-Chemical -, O -we O -investigated O -the O -binding O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -to O -their O -receptor O -sites O -under O -in O -vivo O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -accumulation O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -20 O -min O -after O -injection O -was O -found O -to O -be O -highest O -in O -the O -hippocampus O -, O -cortex O -, O -hypothalamus O -; O -to O -be O -intermediate O -in O -the O -striatum O -, O -medulla O -oblongata O -/ O -pons O -and O -midbrain O -and O -to O -be O -lowest O -in O -the O -cerebellum O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -increasing O -doses O -( O -0 O -. O -01 O -- O -- O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -of O -non O -- O -labelled O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -( O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -, O -clonazepam B-Chemical -, O -the O -3S O -and O -3R O -enantiomers O -of O -5 O -- O -( O -o O -- O -fluorophenyl O -) O -- O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -dihyrdo O -- O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -dimethyl O -- O -7 O -- O -nitro O -- O -2H O -- O -1 O -, O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -one I-Chemical -, O -and O -chlordiazepoxide O -) O -were O -injected O -simultaneously O -with O -[ O -3H O -] O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -, O -a O -dose O -- O -dependant O -, O -saturable O -and O -and O -stereo O -- O -specific O -decrease O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -mouse O -hippocampus O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -resolution O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -beta O -1 O -- O -and O -beta O -2 O -- O -adrenergic O -- O -sensitive O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activities O -in O -homogenates O -of O -cat O -cerebellum O -, O -hippocampus O -and O -cerebral O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulation O -of O -adenylate O -cyclase O -by O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonist O -, O -( O -- O -) O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -5 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -was O -completely O -blocked O -by O -the O -specific O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonist O -, O -( O -p O -) O -alprenolol O -( O -1 O -- O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -but O -not O -by O -the O -dopaminergic O -antagonist O -, O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -whereas O -the O -stimulation O -of O -adenylate O -cyclase O -by O -( O -- O -) O -epinephrine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -was O -blocked O -to O -varying O -extents O -by O -these O -two O -drugs O -in O -each O -of O -the O -3 O -regions O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adenylate O -cyclase O -stimulation O -by O -( O -p O -) O -epinephrine B-Chemical -which O -is O -not O -blocked O -by O -( O -p O -) O -alprenolol O -was O -due O -to O -interaction O -of O -( O -p O -) O -epinephrine B-Chemical -with O -a O -dopaminergic O -- O -sensitive O -adenylate O -cyclase O -which O -has O -been O -characterized O -in O -cerebral O -cortex O -, O -hippocampus O -and O -cerebellum O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -cerebellum O -the O -potency O -order O -was O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -protokylol O -greater O -than O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -hydroxybenzylisoproterenol O -greater O -than O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -( O -- O -) O -epinephrine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -salbutamol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -( O -- O -) O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -indicating O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -beta O -2 O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -Salbutamol B-Chemical -was O -a O -partial O -agonist O -in O -the O -cerebellum O -and O -a O -competitive O -antagonist O -in O -the O -cerebral O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -gonadectomy O -and O -thyroidectomy O -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -discrete O -areas O -of O -the O -rat O -median O -eminence O -. O - -aps B-category -Guanylate O -cyclase O -was O -strikingly O -activated O -by O -CA2 O -+ O -, O -nitrate B-Chemical -derivatives O -such O -as O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -reports O -have O -favored O -enflurane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Phentolamine B-Chemical -or O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -are O -used O -for O -hypertension O -during O -operation O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -of O -protein O -and O -energy O -intake O -: O -role O -of O -plasma O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -brain O -neurotransmitters O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -other O -transmitter O -was O -found O -to O -be O -directly O -excitatory O -on O -the O -muscle O -fibers O -, O -although O -there O -are O -inhibitory O -receptors O -for O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -on O -the O -stimulation O -- O -induced O -efflux O -of O -tritium O -in O -cattle O -renal O -arteries O -preincubated O -with O -[ O -3H O -] O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -was O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -a O -negative O -feedback O -system O -, O -modulating O -neurotransmitter O -release O -, O -and O -increasingly O -activated O -by O -endogenously O -released O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -as O -the O -frequency O -of O -stimulation O -rises O -, O -cannot O -account O -for O -the O -pattern O -of O -efflux O -inhibition O -induced O -by O -exogenous O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -vesicles O -react O -positively O -to O -chromaffin O -and O -argentaffin O -treatment O -, O -indicating O -that O -they O -are O -possible O -storage O -sites O -for O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -leukocyte O -interferon B-Chemical -( O -HL O -- O -IF O -) O -binds O -to O -AGPOLY O -( O -A O -) O -TM O -, O -AGPOLY O -( O -U O -) O -TM O -and O -AGPOLY O -( O -I O -) O -TM O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -place O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -receptor O -antagonists O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -diseases O -of O -the O -gastrointestinal O -tract O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Nortriptyline O -derivatives O -prepared O -by O -reaction O -with O -fluorescein B-Chemical -isothiocyanate O -or O -conjugation O -to O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -L O -- O -histidine O -were O -radioiodinated O -and O -the O -products O -purified O -with O -Sephadex O -LH O -- O -20 O -columns O -to O -obtain O -two O -novel O -nortriptyline B-Chemical -radioligands O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -use O -of O -the O -iodinated O -fluorescein B-Chemical -derivative O -we O -developed O -a O -liquid O -- O -phase O -second O -- O -antibody O -radioimmunoassay O -that O -gives O -results O -correlating O -closely O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -98 O -) O -with O -those O -by O -an O -established O -radioimmunoassay O -of O -similar O -specificity O -in O -the O -assay O -of O -apparent O -total O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -and O -its O -metabolite O -nortriptyline B-Chemical -in O -serum O -or O -plasma O -from O -patients O -being O -treated O -with O -these O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dye O -thiazolyl O -blue O -tetrazolium O -bromide B-Chemical -is O -reduced O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADH O -and O -diaphorase O -to O -yield O -a O -colored O -formazan O -, O -which O -as O -maximum O -absorbance O -at O -560 O -nm O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -number O -of O -divalent O -metal O -ions O -including O -manganese O -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -stimulated O -the O -reaction O -only O -slightly O -at O -5 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -but O -inhibited O -strongly O -at O -20 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -highter O -substrate O -concentrations O -however O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -cholate B-Chemical -produced O -the O -greatest O -stimulation O -of O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymatic O -microdetermination O -of O -plasma O -lipoprotein O -cholesterol B-Chemical -without O -ultracentrifugation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetic O -properties O -and O -linear O -range O -of O -this O -reaction O -system O -, O -the O -precision O -( O -coefficient O -of O -variation O -1 O -- O -- O -3 O -% O -) O -and O -the O -recovery O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -( O -100 O -% O -) O -were O -found O -to O -be O -optimal O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -is O -presented O -that O -sodium B-Chemical -acid O -urate B-Chemical -exists O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -in O -a O -non O -- O -colloidal O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -pH O -on O -the O -formation O -product O -of O -ammonium B-Chemical -acid O -urate B-Chemical -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Glycosaminoglycans O -as O -inhibitors O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -oxalate O -crystal O -growth O -and O -aggregation O -. O - -aps B-category -Application O -of O -the O -score O -to O -159 O -infants O -with O -RDS O -during O -the O -following O -year O -showed O -that O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -73 O -per O -cent O -of O -infants O -scoring O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -3 O -received O -only O -oxygen B-Chemical -by O -hood O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -75 O -per O -cent O -of O -infants O -scoring O -4 O -- O -- O -5 O -required O -continuous O -positive O -airway O -pressure O -( O -CPAP O -) O -; O -and O -( O -3 O -) O -87 O -per O -cent O -of O -infants O -scoring O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -6 O -needed O -mechanical O -ventilation O -( O -7V O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -example O -, O -cigarette O -smoking B-Chemical -may O -increase O -the O -clearance O -of O -certain O -xenobiotic O -compounds O -by O -stimulating O -pulmonary O -drug O -metabolising O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamines O -activated O -adenylate O -cyclase O -2 O -. O -5 O -- O -to O -three O -- O -fold O -, O -with O -an O -order O -of O -potency O -( O -protokylol O -greater O -than O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -greater O -than O -adrenaline B-Chemical -greater O -than O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -) O -typical O -of O -a O -beta O -2 O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -provoked O -a O -weak O -inhibition O -at O -0 O -. O -1 O -mmol O -/ O -l O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -systems O -responded O -to O -catecholamines B-Chemical -via O -a O -beta O -2 O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mixture O -of O -renin O -in O -the O -granules O -with O -fraction O -A O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -tetrathionate O -resulted O -in O -the O -formation O -of O -a O -higher O -- O -molecular O -- O -weight O -form O -of O -the O -enzyme O -, O -but O -no O -change O -in O -molecular O -weight O -was O -detected O -when O -renin O -was O -mixed O -with O -fractions O -B O -or O -C O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -tetrathionate O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -and O -imipramine B-Chemical -on O -male O -Schistosoma O -mansoni O -. O - -aps B-category -Putative O -neurotransmitters O -in O -the O -annelid O -central O -nervous O -system O -: O -presence O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -and O -octopamine O -- O -stimulated O -adenylate O -cyclases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -objects O -of O -structural O -studies O -on O -biotin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -enzymes I-Chemical -were O -acetyl O -CoA O -- O -carboxylase O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -carboxylase O -of O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -and O -beta O -- O -methylcrotonyl O -CoA O -- O -carboxylase O -and O -acetyl O -CoA O -- O -carboxylase O -of O -Achromobacter O -IV O -S O -. O -It O -was O -found O -that O -these O -enzymes O -can O -be O -arranged O -in O -three O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -one O -carries O -the O -biotin B-Chemical -carboxylase O -activity O -together O -with O -the O -biotin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboxyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carrier I-Chemical -protein O -, O -the O -other O -one O -carries O -the O -carboxyl O -transferase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -highly O -sensitive O -assay O -method O -for O -malonyl O -CoA O -was O -developed O -which O -uses O -tritiated O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -measures O -the O -incorporation O -of O -radioactivity O -into O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -formed O -from O -malonyl O -CoA O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -purified O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Chick O -liver O -cell O -monolayers O -synthesize O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -at O -in O -vivo O -rates O -and O -are O -responsive O -to O -insulin O -and O -glucagon O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucagon O -or O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -AMP O -cause O -immediate O -cessation O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Citrate B-Chemical -, O -an O -allosteric O -activator O -of O -the O -enzyme O -, O -is O -required O -for O -both O -catalysis O -and O -polymerization O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -level O -are O -closely O -correlated O -, O -citrate B-Chemical -appears O -to O -be O -a O -feed O -- O -forward O -activator O -of O -the O -carboxylase O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Hence O -, O -carboxylase O -activity O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetic O -rate O -appear O -to O -be O -determined O -by O -cytoplasmic O -citrate B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Ion O -- O -exchange O -resins O -and O -activated O -charcoal B-Chemical -were O -effective O -in O -removing O -coloring O -and O -flavoring O -materials O -, O -and O -also O -reduced O -other O -noncarbohydrate O -constituents O -. O - -aps B-category -Alkaline O -sucrose B-Chemical -sedimentation O -of O -the O -eluted O -DNA O -shows O -that O -the O -pH O -11 O -. O -0 O -material O -consists O -of O -less O -than O -9S O -fragments O -consistant O -with O -those O -described O -by O -Okazaki O -and O -others O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -workshop O -formulated O -the O -following O -recommendations O -for O -the O -use O -of O -screening O -procedures O -in O -diabetes O -mellitus O -from O -a O -community O -control O -viewpoint O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -screening O -for O -asymptomatic O -glucose B-Chemical -intolerance O -should O -be O -done O -among O -pregnant O -women O -as O -part O -of O -a O -well O -- O -coordinated O -program O -to O -decrease O -perinatal O -morbidity O -and O -mortality O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -screening O -programs O -to O -detect O -asymptomatic O -glucose B-Chemical -intolerance O -per O -se O -are O -not O -recommended O -as O -health O -services O -in O -nonpregnant O -populations O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -screening O -for O -diabetes O -or O -its O -complications O -for O -research O -purposes O -should O -be O -done O -only O -as O -part O -of O -well O -- O -designed O -studies O -focusing O -on O -identification O -of O -predictive O -factors O -, O -implementation O -and O -effectiveness O -of O -preventive O -and O -therapeutic O -measures O -, O -descriptive O -epidemiology O -in O -selected O -populations O -, O -dynamic O -and O -economic O -factors O -of O -the O -medical O -care O -system O -related O -to O -case O -detection O -and O -management O -, O -and O -the O -nature O -and O -effects O -of O -screening O -processes O -; O -( O -4 O -) O -information O -and O -education O -programs O -for O -health O -care O -providers O -, O -parents O -, O -and O -the O -general O -public O -should O -be O -implemented O -to O -bring O -about O -increased O -awareness O -of O -the O -clinical O -signs O -and O -symptoms O -of O -diabetes O -; O -and O -( O -5 O -) O -all O -persons O -known O -to O -have O -diabetes O -should O -be O -evaluated O -regularly O -for O -the O -detection O -and O -management O -of O -the O -common O -chronic O -complications O -of O -the O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Transfer O -of O -proteins O -of O -NADH O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -redox O -chains O -between O -microsomal O -membranes O -and O -phospholipid O -liposomes O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -alteration O -may O -be O -( O -1 O -) O -cause O -, O -( O -2 O -) O -effect O -, O -( O -3 O -) O -an O -unrelated O -covariate O -of O -physical O -dependence O -, O -or O -( O -4 O -) O -an O -experimental O -artifact O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reasons O -are O -summarized O -for O -assuming O -that O -physical O -effects O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -on O -membranes O -are O -the O -primary O -initiators O -of O -the O -cascade O -of O -events O -that O -leads O -to O -physical O -dependence O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -calcium B-Chemical -content O -of O -membranes O -may O -regulate O -a O -number O -of O -key O -neuronal O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -Theophylline B-Chemical -in O -asthma O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -with O -these O -animals O -showed O -that O -drinking O -is O -voluntary O -and O -not O -contingent O -on O -caloric O -restriction O -; O -that O -they O -will O -work O -to O -obtain O -ethanol B-Chemical -even O -when O -food O -and O -water O -are O -freely O -available O -, O -and O -in O -so O -doing O -, O -show O -psychological O -or O -behavioral O -tolerance O -; O -that O -the O -amount O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -voluntarily O -consumed O -approaches O -their O -apparent O -maximum O -capacity O -for O -ethanol B-Chemical -elimination O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -rats O -will O -bar O -- O -press O -for O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -and O -with O -prolonged O -, O -free O -- O -choice O -consumption O -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -intake O -increases O -to O -as O -much O -as O -12 O -g O -per O -kg O -body O -weight O -per O -day O -without O -producing O -behavioral O -deficits O -, O -suggesting O -the O -development O -of O -tolerance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -- O -effect O -relationship O -of O -ranitidine B-Chemical -, O -a O -recently O -developed O -selective O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -receptor O -antagonist O -was O -tested O -on O -six O -healthy O -subjects O -after O -oral O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -is O -thus O -more O -powerful O -and O -has O -more O -lasting O -antisecretory O -action O -, O -even O -after O -oral O -intake O -, O -than O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Immunological O -function O -in O -mice O -chronically O -exposed O -to O -nitrogen B-Chemical -oxides O -( O -NOx O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -is O -deaminated O -by O -bacterial O -alanine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dehydrogenase I-Chemical -; O -the O -resulting O -ammonia B-Chemical -is O -dialyzed O -out O -and O -measured O -by O -use O -of O -a O -continuous O -flow O -phenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hypochlorite I-Chemical -colorimetric O -microassay O -. O - -aps B-category -Usual O -values O -in O -human O -plasma O -from O -arterial O -or O -venous O -blood O -are O -respectively O -296 O -+ O -/ O -- O -166 O -and O -376 O -+ O -/ O -- O -214 O -mumol O -alanine B-Chemical -/ O -l O -( O -x O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -SD O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -dissociation O -and O -separation O -of O -the O -polypeptide O -constituents O -of O -the O -protein O -in O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -medium O -, O -both O -labelled O -sites O -are O -found O -to O -reside O -in O -the O -heavy O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -titration O -curves O -for O -various O -histidyl O -resonances O -were O -obtained O -and O -compared O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -absence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -growth O -hormone O -, O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -and O -triiodothyronine O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -primary O -cultures O -of O -rat O -hepatocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -pH O -, O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -PCO2 O -, O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -and O -red O -cell O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -were O -measured O -in O -37 O -selected O -patients O -receiving O -anticonvulsants O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -system O -in O -the O -blood O -pressure O -rebound O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprusside I-Chemical -in O -the O -conscious O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -evidence O -indicates O -that O -the O -rebound O -increase O -in O -blood O -pressure O -was O -due O -to O -increased O -activity O -of O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -system O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -was O -increased O -approximately O -four O -- O -fold O -by O -SNP O -, O -( O -2 O -) O -rebound O -did O -not O -occur O -in O -nephrectomized O -rats O -, O -( O -3 O -) O -rebound O -was O -markedly O -attenuated O -in O -animals O -treated O -with O -an O -angiotensin B-Chemical -converting O -enzyme O -inhibitor O -, O -SQ14225 O -, O -( O -D O -- O -3 O -- O -mercapto O -- O -2 O -- O -methylpropanoyl O -- O -L O -- O -proline O -) O -and O -( O -4 O -) O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -blockade O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -reduced O -the O -rebound O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -methodological O -weakness O -in O -the O -use O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -antagonism O -as O -a O -sole O -criterion O -for O -DAergic O -mediation O -of O -drug O -- O -induced O -behavioural O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -but O -not O -by O -destruction O -of O -ipsilateral O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -neurons O -induced O -with O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Mezilamine O -, O -a O -new O -dopamine B-Chemical -antagonist O -, O -blocks O -presynaptic O -but O -stimulates O -postsynaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Clonidine B-Chemical -s O -. O -c O -. O -( O -0 O -. O -01 O -- O -0 O -. O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -, O -in O -unanesthetized O -rats O -, O -caused O -an O -initial O -rise O -( O -+ O -20 O -mm O -Hg O -) O -, O -followed O -by O -a O -continuous O -fall O -of O -BP O -and O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -natriuresis O -and O -diuresis O -for O -up O -to O -2 O -h O -. O -Glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -( O -GFR O -) O -( O -CIn O -) O -increased O -during O -the O -first O -20 O -min O -, O -while O -effective O -renal O -plasma O -flow O -( O -ERPF O -) O -( O -CPAH O -) O -remained O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -Pentobarbital B-Chemical -anesthesia O -suppressed O -the O -initial O -BP O -peak O -and O -the O -diuresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Clonidine B-Chemical -s O -. O -c O -. O -caused O -hyperglycemia O -and O -glucosuria O -which O -did O -not O -account O -for O -the O -natriuresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Antiulcer O -activity O -of O -hypertonic O -solutions O -in O -the O -rat O -: O -possible O -role O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oral O -administration O -of O -a O -10 O -% O -NaCl B-Chemical -solution O -resulted O -in O -complete O -absence O -of O -free O -acidity O -and O -very O -significant O -reductions O -in O -total O -acidity O -24 O -h O -after O -pyloric O -ligation O -. O - -aps B-category -Cysteamine O -- O -induced O -duodenal O -ulcers O -were O -also O -significantly O -reduced O -by O -hypertonic O -solutions O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -xylitol O -or O -sorbitol O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -treated O -orally O -with O -hypertonic O -NaCl B-Chemical -solutions O -had O -several O -- O -fold O -higher O -PGE O -contents O -in O -their O -gastric O -mucosa O -as O -well O -as O -higher O -PGE O -levels O -in O -the O -gastric O -juice O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -were O -tested O -for O -their O -ability O -to O -antagonize O -histamine B-Chemical -actions O -at O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -receptors O -in O -a O -bioassay O -for O -these O -receptors O -( O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contractions O -of O -guinea O -pig O -ileum O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Antagonism O -at O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -receptors O -by O -these O -compounds O -may O -explain O -their O -sedative O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -correlation O -is O -demonstrated O -between O -the O -increase O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -and O -the O -decrease O -in O -serotonin B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -rat O -locus O -coeruleus O -after O -various O -doses O -of O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -dihydroxytryptamine O -and O -gradual O -protection O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -neurons O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -two O -serotonin B-Chemical -uptake O -inhibitors O -: O -fluoxetine B-Chemical -or O -citalopram B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -of O -release O -by O -these O -doses O -was O -reversed O -completely O -by O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -agonist O -- O -induced O -hyperglycemia O -in O -rats O -: O -effects O -of O -lergotrile O -mesylate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -lergotrile O -was O -dose O -dependent O -, O -causing O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -rise O -3 O -- O -fold O -above O -resting O -levels O -at O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -( O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -lergotrile O -was O -attenuated O -by O -phentolamine B-Chemical -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -or O -butaclamol O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -stimulation O -of O -passive O -permeability O -and O -secretion O -in O -the O -isolated O -rabbit O -ciliary O -epithelium O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -human O -erythrocytes O -in O -isotonic O -NaCl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sucrose I-Chemical -medium O -with O -a O -relative O -high O -concentration O -of O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -results O -in O -the O -occurrence O -of O -distinct O -structures O -on O -the O -membrane O -faces O -as O -visible O -by O -freeze O -- O -fracturing O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -gastric O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -activity O -with O -this O -device O -is O -rapid O -and O -reproducible O -in O -starved O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -cimetidine B-Chemical -and O -methylxanthines B-Chemical -stimulated O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Interaction O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -alpha O -- O -adrenoblockers O -with O -lymphoid O -cells O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -DL O -- O -ethionine O -on O -the O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -the O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Dietary O -advice O -to O -the O -mother O -should O -include O -warnings O -against O -such O -agents O -as O -cigarettes O -, O -alcohol B-Chemical -and O -drugs O -, O -which O -have O -a O -significant O -influence O -on O -dietary O -intake O -and O -its O -assimilation O -and O -can O -have O -detrimental O -effects O -on O -both O -mother O -and O -fetus O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -hemoglobin O -levels O -and O -calorie O -requirements O -in O -pregnant O -Nigerian O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -Loss O -of O -beat O -- O -to O -- O -beat O -variability O -and O -a O -negative O -oxytocin B-Chemical -challenge O -test O -: O -an O -ominous O -prognostic O -sign O -. O - -aps B-category -Fetal O -absorption O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -injected O -into O -the O -amniotic O -sacs O -of O -pregnants O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -activity O -of O -the O -radioisotope O -in O -fetal O -tissues O -is O -considerably O -higher O -( O -100 O -- O -to O -200 O -- O -fold O -) O -when O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -is O -injected O -inth O -the O -amniotic O -sac O -rather O -than O -intravenously O -into O -the O -mother O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -intestinal O -brush O -- O -border O -sucrase O -: O -mechanism O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -ion O -activation O -below O -pH7 O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vitro O -metabolism O -of O -the O -antitumor O -anthracycline B-Chemical -antibiotic O -, O -aclacinomycin O -- O -A O -, O -was O -studied O -using O -rat O -liver O -homogenate O -. O - -aps B-category -Subcellular O -fractionation O -indicated O -that O -the O -production O -of O -MA144 O -M1 O -, O -which O -was O -reduced O -to O -L O -- O -amicetose O -, O -was O -catalyzed O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -soluble O -cinerulose O -reductase O -I O -, O -and O -the O -production O -of O -MA144 O -N1 O -, O -which O -was O -reduced O -to O -L O -- O -rhodinose O -, O -was O -catalyzed O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -soluble O -cinerulose O -reductase O -II O -and O -NADH O -- O -dependent O -microsomal O -cinerulose O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -Soluble O -cinerulose O -reductase O -II O -which O -produces O -MA144 O -N1 O -showed O -a O -pH O -optimum O -at O -6 O -. O -3 O -and O -Km O -values O -of O -2 O -. O -0 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -for O -aclacinomycin O -- O -A O -and O -4 O -. O -0 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -anthracycline B-Chemical -glycoside O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -P O -- O -450 O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -NADH O -or O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -the O -glycosidic O -bond O -at O -C O -- O -7 O -position O -of O -aclacinomycin O -- O -A O -was O -reductively O -cleaved O -to O -produce O -7 O -- O -deoxyaklavinone O -and O -7 O -- O -deoxyaklavinone O -dimer O -, O -MA144 O -E1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimum O -pH O -for O -the O -anthracycline B-Chemical -glycoside O -reductase O -reaction O -using O -aclacinomycin O -- O -A O -as O -substrate O -was O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -40 O -degrees O -C O -both O -proteases O -are O -active O -while O -at O -50 O -degrees O -C O -the O -major O -role O -is O -played O -by O -protease O -C O -. O -At O -40 O -degrees O -C O -NaCl B-Chemical -acts O -as O -inhibitor O -while O -at O -50 O -degrees O -C O -it O -activates O -the O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -efficacy O -and O -the O -compatibility O -of O -the O -new O -anxiolytic O -Trecalmo O -( O -Clotiazepam B-Chemical -) O -were O -investigated O -by O -means O -of O -a O -field O -trial O -covering O -186 O -patients O -, O -suffering O -from O -anxiety O -and O -tension O -as O -well O -as O -from O -psychosomatic O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -alone O -and O -in O -combination O -with O -gentamicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -( O -gentamicin B-Chemical -) O -was O -added O -in O -15 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemodynamic O -characterization O -of O -bufuralol O -- O -HCl O -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -based O -on O -the O -competitive O -effects O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -peripheral O -resistance O -increased O -after O -acute O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -nephrogenic O -diabetes O -insipidus O -: O -studies O -of O -tubular O -function O -and O -pathogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -proximal O -suppression O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -reabsorption O -by O -lithium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cellular O -mechanism O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -was O -investigated O -by O -means O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -possible O -that O -the O -lithium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -polyuria O -is O -partially O -due O -to O -an O -enhancement O -by O -lithium B-Chemical -of O -renal O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Single O -dose O -total O -lymphoid O -irradiation O -combined O -with O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -as O -immunosuppression O -for O -human O -marrow O -transplantation O -in O -aplastic O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -and O -regional O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -( O -CBF O -) O -, O -and O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -( O -CSF O -) O -, O -and O -arterial O -blood O -acid O -- O -base O -status O -were O -measured O -in O -26 O -chloralose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urethan I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anesthetized I-Chemical -dogs O -before O -and O -after O -30 O -and O -60 O -min O -of O -ventriculocisternal O -perfusion O -with O -artificial O -CSF O -equilibrated O -with O -7 O -% O -CO2 O -and O -containing O -either O -low O -( O -8 O -. O -7 O -or O -9 O -. O -1 O -meq O -/ O -l O -) O -, O -normal O -( O -19 O -. O -6 O -meq O -/ O -l O -) O -, O -or O -high O -( O -34 O -. O -7 O -meq O -/ O -l O -) O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -( O -[ O -HCO3 O -- O -] O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -increased O -blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxygen I-Chemical -affinity O -on O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -in O -hemorrhagic O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -Central O -venous O -SO2 O -( O -SCVO2 O -) O -and O -PO2 O -( O -PCVO2 O -) O -were O -significantly O -higher O -and O -lower O -, O -respectively O -, O -in O -low O -- O -P50 O -animals O -than O -in O -controls O -, O -probably O -because O -of O -limited O -oxygen B-Chemical -extraction O -due O -to O -increased O -blood O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -equilibration O -after O -gas O -exchange O -in O -a O -systemic O -vascular O -bed O -was O -investigated O -using O -an O -isolated O -guinea O -pig O -liver O -preparation O -perfused O -with O -a O -blood O -- O -free O -Krebs B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Ringer I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -: O -1 O -) O -after O -the O -addition O -of O -metabolically O -produced O -CO2 O -, O -the O -reaction O -CO2 O -leads O -to O -H2CO3 O -leads O -to O -H O -+ O -+ O -HCO3 O -- O -in O -the O -perfusate O -did O -not O -reach O -equilibrium O -during O -passage O -through O -the O -liver O -; O -2 O -) O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -had O -little O -effect O -on O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -pH O -disequilibrium O -; O -and O -3 O -) O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -accelerated O -the O -reaction O -to O -equilibrium O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -all O -fetuses O -, O -TF O -production O -during O -the O -7 O -days O -before O -birth O -correlated O -inversely O -with O -the O -plasma O -cortisol B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -48 O -h O -previously O -( O -n O -= O -36 O -; O -r O -= O -- O -0 O -. O -603 O -; O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Rosamicin O -: O -in O -vitro O -activity O -comparison O -with O -erythromycin B-Chemical -and O -other O -antibiotics O -against O -clinical O -isolates O -from O -the O -genito O -- O -urinary O -tract O -and O -Neisseria O -meningitidis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rates O -obtained O -for O -L O -- O -DAME O -and O -D O -- O -DAME O -increase O -linearly O -with O -decrease O -of O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -in O -the O -pH O -range O -below O -neutral O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -triglycerides B-Chemical -, O -phospholipids O -, O -or O -hydrophobic O -monoesters O -were O -not O -hydrolyzed O -at O -all O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -a O -possible O -role O -of O -OM O -esterase O -in O -the O -utilization O -of O -acyl O -esters O -as O -carbon B-Chemical -sources O -. O - -aps B-category -NADPH B-Chemical -was O -specifically O -oxidized O -by O -the O -old O -yellow O -enzyme O -and O -the O -reduced O -enzyme O -was O -spontaneously O -reoxidized O -by O -atmospheric O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -binding O -of O -troponin O -C O -. O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potentiometric O -titration O -curves O -in O -the O -carboxyl O -region O -are O -shifted O -towards O -lower O -pH O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intrinsic O -pK O -of O -the O -imidazole O -group O -is O -not O -affected O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -difference O -titration O -on O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -binding O -indicate O -that O -the O -pH O -of O -troponin O -C O -solution O -increases O -on O -addition O -of O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -up O -to O -2 O -mol O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -per O -mol O -of O -troponin O -C O -and O -then O -decreases O -on O -further O -addition O -of O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -number O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -binding O -sites O -and O -the O -binding O -constants O -estimated O -by O -analysis O -of O -these O -difference O -titration O -curves O -were O -in O -agreement O -with O -the O -results O -of O -Potter O -and O -Gergely O -( O -22 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tyrosine B-Chemical -fluorescence O -measurements O -indicated O -that O -the O -binding O -site O -near O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -109 I-Chemical -is O -one O -of O -the O -high O -affinity O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -of O -synaptic O -vesicle O -fraction O -is O -largely O -due O -to O -contaminating O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -1 O -. O -8 O -, O -these O -cationic O -agents O -are O -bound O -by O -the O -nonmodified O -luminal B-Chemical -endothelial O -cell O -surface O -but O -not O -at O -the O -sites O -of O -the O -DF O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -virus O -for O -24 O -h O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -, O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -, O -or O -in O -buffer O -containing O -1 O -mM O -ethylenediaminetetraacetate O -considerably O -reduced O -virus O -infectivity O -as O -compared O -with O -virus O -incubated O -for O -the O -same O -period O -at O -4 O -degrees O -C O -, O -pH O -8 O -. O -0 O -, O -or O -in O -buffer O -with O -or O -without O -1 O -mM O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -and O -1 O -mM O -MgCl2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -use O -of O -a O -" O -stable O -" O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -containing O -dialysate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acidosis O -correction O -would O -seem O -to O -be O -much O -better O -with O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -than O -with O -traditional O -dialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -infusion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -acetate O -, O -a O -significant O -fall O -in O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -( O -PO2 O -) O -was O -observed O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Though O -a O -rise O -in O -PCO2 O -, O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -pH O -was O -observed O -following O -infusion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -, O -no O -significant O -fall O -in O -PO2 O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Summary O -of O -an O -International O -Symposium O -on O -phenytoin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -teratology O -and O -gingival O -pathology O -. O - -aps B-category -Transmitter O -mediated O -arginine B-Chemical -vasopressin I-Chemical -release O -from O -superfused O -hypothalamus O -and O -pituitary O -gland O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylcholine O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -stimulated O -the O -release O -of O -AVP O -at O -the O -hypothalamic O -and O -pituitary O -levels O -; O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -released O -AVP O -in O -a O -dose O -related O -manner O -only O -from O -the O -hypothalamus O -; O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -released O -AVP O -in O -the O -same O -fashion O -only O -from O -the O -pituitary O -gland O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -adrenergic O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -enzymes O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -tyrosinemia O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -biopsy O -of O -this O -patient O -revealed O -low O -but O -measurable O -levels O -of O -cytoplasmic O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -elevated O -levels O -of O -the O -mitochondrial O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -metabolizing I-Chemical -enzyme O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -enzyme O -reactions O -which O -affect O -the O -concentrations O -of O -gluconeogenic O -substrates O -or O -PFK O -effectors O -can O -modulate O -the O -oscillatory O -driving O -input O -, O -a O -good O -example O -being O -the O -neurogenic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -glutamate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oscillations O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -generation O -are O -associated O -with O -changes O -in O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -pathway O -exhibits O -adaptation O -resulting O -in O -the O -suppression O -of O -responses O -to O -constant O -, O -elevated O -concentrations O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Oscillations O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -detectable O -changes O -of O -intra O -- O -or O -extracellular O -cAMP B-Chemical -concentrations O -suggest O -the O -possibility O -that O -there O -is O -a O -metabolic O -network O -in O -D O -. O -discoideum O -cells O -that O -undergoes O -oscillations O -without O -coupling O -to O -adenylate O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -Elevation O -of O -extracellular O -calcium B-Chemical -exerts O -an O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -the O -accumulation O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -and O -on O -the O -second O -of O -the O -two O -cGMP B-Chemical -peaks O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -the O -more O -significant O -features O -of O -this O -system O -of O -producing O -membrane O -potential O -oscillations O -is O -that O -the O -frequency O -of O -the O -bursts O -depends O -on O -the O -rate O -at O -which O -the O -intracellular O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -returns O -to O -its O -resting O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -blockers O -, O -lysergic O -acid O -diethylamide O -( O -LSD O -) O -, O -bromo O -- O -LSD O -( O -BOL O -) O -, O -and O -cinanserin O -, O -were O -also O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -of O -decreasing O -potency O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -5 O -- O -HDMT O -, O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -are O -active O -agonists O -; O -TRYP O -, O -6 O -- O -HT O -, O -and O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -DHT O -are O -inactive O -. O - -aps B-category -Antipsychotics B-Chemical -alone O -were O -usually O -effective O -in O -providing O -at O -least O -a O -partial O -response O -, O -particularly O -with O -psychotic O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -Tardive O -dyskinesia O -( O -TD O -) O -, O -a O -movement O -disorder O -secondary O -to O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -medication O -, O -is O -frequently O -found O -in O -psychiatric O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -II O -) O -Solubilities O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -carboxylate O -and O -silicate O -cement O -soaked O -in O -artificial O -saliva O -and O -buffered O -solutions O -pH O -4 O -and O -9 O -. O - -aps B-category -Extracts O -of O -the O -eggs O -of O -the O -human O -blood O -fluke O -, O -Schistosoma O -mansoni O -, O -exhibit O -proteolytic O -activity O -which O -requires O -the O -presence O -of O -added O -thiol B-Chemical -reagents O -or O -cyanide O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -mosquito O -hosts O -there O -was O -significant O -incorporation O -into O -4 O -- O -- O -5 O -- O -day O -- O -old O -developing O -larvae O -of O -uridine B-Chemical -and O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -isoleucine O -, O -leucine B-Chemical -, O -valine O -, O -arginine O -, O -lysine O -, O -cystine O -, O -methionine B-Chemical -, O -phenylalanine O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -, O -histidine O -, O -and O -proline O -) O -, O -although O -lower O -incorporation O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -was O -found O -during O -abnormal O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -incorporation O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -dopa O -was O -found O -in O -or O -around O -earlier O -stages O -of O -development O -in O -An O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -contribute O -specific O -data O -, O -the O -interactions O -of O -slightly O -acid O -and O -neutral O -parenteral O -solutions O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -- O -treated O -type O -II O -glass O -bottles O -have O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -assay O -and O -stability O -of O -chlorpropamide B-Chemical -in O -solid O -dispersion O -with O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Urea O -was O -found O -to O -decompose O -to O -biuret O -and O -chlorpropamide B-Chemical -to O -p O -- O -chlorobenzenesulphonamide O -: O -several O -other O -unidentified O -decomposition O -products O -were O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -Functional O -tolerance O -to O -ethanol B-Chemical -in O -mice O -: O -relationship O -to O -lipid O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -pyrogen O -on O -the O -in O -vivo O -metabolism O -and O -initial O -kinetics O -of O -chloroquine B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -concentrations O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -were O -increased O -after O -toloxatone O -, O -while O -their O -metabolite O -concentrations O -were O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -actiivty O -of O -rat O -heart O -MAO O -, O -towards O -both O -tyramine O -and O -benzylamine O -as O -substrates O -, O -was O -found O -to O -increase O -with O -the O -age O -of O -the O -animal O -, O -and O -also O -after O -administration O -of O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -thyroxine I-Chemical -to O -young O -male O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -differential O -and O -combined O -catecholamine B-Chemical -uptake O -antagonism O -on O -cardiovascular O -responses O -of O -anaesthetized O -dogs O -to O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -and O -electrical O -stimulation O -of O -the O -left O -ansa O -subclavia O -nerve O -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -and O -sympathetic O -nerve O -stimulation O -( O -1 O -to O -20 O -Hz O -) O -, O -but O -did O -not O -affect O -those O -to O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -but O -did O -not O -significantly O -alter O -those O -to O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -or O -nerve O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -preferentially O -enhanced O -the O -positive O -chronotropic O -cardiac O -response O -to O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -but O -metanephrine O -did O -not O -differentiate O -between O -heart O -rate O -and O -contractility O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -effect O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -on O -lipogenesis O -in O -rat O -adipose O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -stimulated O -the O -formation O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -from O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -and O -increased O -the O -ratio O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -produced O -/ O -pyruvate B-Chemical -taken O -up O -. O - -aps B-category -Metergoline O -antagonism O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -activation O -of O -rat O -cerebral O -cortical O -( O -Na O -+ O -- O -K O -+ O -) O -ATPase O -. O - -aps B-category -Labetalol B-Chemical -possesses O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonist O -action O -on O -the O -rat O -isolated O -uterus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -analgesic O -and O -respiratory O -effects O -of O -meptazinol O -, O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -pentazocine B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -baclofen B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -is O -based O -on O -coupling O -the O -acidic O -genin O -, O -glycyrrhetinic O -acid O -, O -with O -methylene O -blue O -and O -measuring O -the O -extinction O -of O -the O -coupled O -compound O -solution O -in O -chloroform B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alcohol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -excretion O -of O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -and O -pseudoephedrine O -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -subjects O -received O -one O -dose O -on O -Day O -1 O -, O -followed O -by O -multiple O -dosing O -every O -12 O -hr O -for O -7 O -days O -without O -ammonium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -assay O -recovery O -was O -less O -than O -97 O -% O -( O -0 O -. O -06 O -- O -3 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -) O -for O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -maleate I-Chemical -and O -less O -than O -98 O -% O -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -- O -75 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -) O -for O -pseudoephedrine O -hydrochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -steady O -state O -, O -a O -change O -in O -urine O -pH O -from O -5 O -. O -69 O -to O -6 O -. O -46 O -resulted O -in O -more O -than O -a O -25 O -% O -decrease O -in O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -and O -monodesmethylchlorpheniramine O -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -binding O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -wide O -range O -of O -binding O -was O -observed O -, O -with O -the O -free O -fraction O -varying O -twofold O -for O -lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -fourfold O -for O -chlordiazepoxide O -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -and O -over O -20 O -- O -fold O -for O -oxazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Capacity O -- O -limited O -gut O -wall O -metabolism O -of O -5 O -- O -aminosalicylic O -acid O -, O -a O -therapeutically O -active O -metabolite O -of O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -, O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -exists O -that O -5 O -- O -aminosalicylic O -acid O -also O -is O -acetylated O -presystemically O -after O -oral O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -administration O -to O -patients O -with O -inflammatory O -bowel O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -affecting O -theophylline B-Chemical -clearances O -: O -age O -, O -tobacco O -, O -marijuana O -, O -cirrhosis O -, O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -, O -obesity O -, O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -, O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -, O -barbiturates O -, O -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degradation O -kinetics O -of O -a O -new O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -derivative O -( O -1 O -) O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -were O -investigated O -at O -60 O -degrees O -, O -mu O -= O -0 O -. O -05 O -, O -at O -pH O -2 O -. O -0 O -- O -10 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -general O -base O -catalytic O -effect O -by O -a O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -species O -was O -observed O -at O -pH O -7 O -- O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -Acidosis O -inhibits O -the O -hypocalcemic O -effect O -of O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Acetazolamide B-Chemical -doses O -from O -10 O -to O -500 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -produced O -significant O -hypocalcemic O -effects O -in O -ureter O -- O -ligated O -and O -nephrectomized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Sham O -- O -operated O -rats O -exhibited O -an O -acidotic O -response O -to O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -while O -ureter O -- O -ligated O -rats O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -the O -hypocalcemia O -associated O -with O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -treatment O -of O -ureter O -- O -ligated O -rats O -was O -negated O -when O -an O -acidosis O -was O -induced O -by O -prior O -injection O -of O -NH4Cl O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -membrane O -interactions O -with O -bepridil B-Chemical -, O -a O -new O -antianginal O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proposition O -that O -changes O -in O -renal O -calcium B-Chemical -excretion O -during O -vasopressin B-Chemical -administration O -are O -positively O -correlated O -with O -concurrent O -changes O -in O -urine O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -was O -tested O -by O -administration O -of O -vasopressin B-Chemical -into O -twelve O -conscious O -diuresing O -sheep O -receiving O -either O -alkalinizing O -or O -acidifying O -infusions O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnesium B-Chemical -excretion O -increased O -during O -vasopressin B-Chemical -administration O -in O -most O -experiments O -regardless O -of O -urinary O -pH O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -excretion O -and O -clearance O -in O -sheep O -with O -alkaline O -ruine O -was O -higher O -than O -that O -of O -sheep O -with O -acid O -urine O -during O -vasopressin B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -concentrations O -and O -pH O -on O -the O -maintenance O -of O -motility O -of O -rabbit O -and O -rat O -epididymal O -spermatozoa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -and O -its O -activity O -in O -luteal O -tissue O -increased O -in O -the O -order O -: O -pig O -less O -than O -human O -less O -than O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -compounds O -with O -methoxy O -groups O -in O -the O -aromatic O -ring O -are O -in O -the O -morphine B-Chemical -range O -of O -potency O -; O -they O -are O -uniformly O -inactive O -as O -phenazocine O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Those O -containing O -five O -or O -six O -carbon B-Chemical -atoms O -in O -the O -alkyl O -group O -exhibit O -phenazocine O -antagonist O -activity O -, O -in O -one O -case O -equivalent O -to O -naloxone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -observed O -inhibitory O -effects O -were O -not O -attributable O -to O -either O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -or O -low O -pH O -, O -but O -to O -the O -production O -of O -a O -variety O -of O -substances O -having O -diverse O -physicochemical O -properties O -and O -production O -requirements O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phosphorylation O -of O -immunoglobulin O -G O -was O -inhibited O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -nucleoside B-Chemical -diphosphates O -. O - -aps B-category -Cefuroxime O -, O -a O -new O -synthetic O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -, O -was O -administered O -to O -10 O -pediatric O -patients O -( O -6 O -with O -respiratory O -tract O -infection O -, O -2 O -with O -urinary O -tract O -infection O -, O -1 O -with O -sepsis O -of O -E O -. O -coli O -and O -1 O -with O -enterocolitis O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -ip O -glucose B-Chemical -injection O -[ O -6 O -g O -/ O -kg O -body O -wt O -; O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -level O -greater O -than O -400 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -ml O -( O -22 O -mmoles O -/ O -liter O -) O -for O -4 O -hr O -] O -, O -tumor O -pHe O -decreased O -markedly O -to O -6 O -. O -6 O -within O -4 O -hours O -and O -did O -not O -return O -to O -normal O -for O -a O -further O -12 O -- O -- O -14 O -hours O -, O -whereas O -tumor O -pHi O -was O -hardly O -affected O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -follow O -- O -up O -study O -on O -ECG O -changes O -due O -to O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -same O -time O -the O -content O -of O -these O -substances O -in O -the O -peripheral O -blood O -was O -determined O -and O -compared O -with O -the O -level O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -and O -catecholamine B-Chemical -excretion O -in O -the O -daily O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -on O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -secretion O -by O -turtle O -urinary O -bladder O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -with O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -calculated O -from O -the O -pH O -and O -pO2 O -of O -the O -blood O -gas O -analysis O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -gas O -analysis O -was O -done O -just O -behind O -the O -oximetric O -analysis O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -was O -calculated O -from O -the O -pH O -and O -pO2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -comparison O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturations O -determined O -with O -the O -oxygenmet O -oximeter O -( O -mean O -of O -fingers O -, O -metacarpus O -, O -wrist O -) O -with O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturations O -calculated O -from O -the O -blood O -gas O -analysis O -showed O -a O -very O -close O -correlation O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -steroids B-Chemical -by O -a O -partially O -purified O -periplasmic O -protein O -from O -Pseudomonas O -testosteroni O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -testosterone B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -normal O -and O -estrogen B-Chemical -treated O -mice O -of O -three O -strains O -differing O -in O -susceptibility O -to O -induction O -of O -Leydig O -cell O -tumors O -. O - -aps B-category -Alcohol O -intake O -, O -ratio O -of O -plasma O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -n I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -butyric I-Chemical -acid O -to O -leucine B-Chemical -, O -and O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -in O -nonalcoholics O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -improvement O -may O -be O -accomplished O -by O -( O -1 O -) O -discontinuing O -oxytocin B-Chemical -, O -( O -2 O -) O -correcting O -maternal O -hypotension O -, O -( O -3 O -) O -administering O -oxygen B-Chemical -to O -the O -mother O -, O -and O -( O -4 O -) O -attempting O -to O -alleviate O -cord O -compression O -by O -changing O -the O -relationship O -of O -the O -fetal O -presenting O -part O -to O -the O -umbilical O -cord O -and O -pelvis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -first O -period O -of O -the O -red O -cell O -life O -span O -the O -predominant O -form O -is O -similar O -to O -hexokinase O -II O -, O -while O -in O -the O -mature O -erythrocyte O -the O -predominant O -glucose B-Chemical -phosphorylating O -activity O -resembles O -hexokinase O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -chronic O -ethanol B-Chemical -administration O -on O -central O -neurotransmitter O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -measured O -as O -the O -accumulation O -of O -dopa O -following O -inhibition O -of O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -, O -was O -unchanged O -during O -chronic O -ethanol B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -phenomenon O -of O -functional O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -supersensitivity O -was O -first O -observed O -after O -5 O -months O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -treatment O -and O -lasted O -for O -about O -4 O -weeks O -after O -cessation O -of O -the O -ethanol B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -the O -GABAergic O -drug O -, O -gamma O -- O -butyrolactone O -( O -GBL O -) O -on O -the O -accumulation O -of O -dopa O -after O -inhibition O -of O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -was O -studied O -in O -chronic O -ethanol B-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -may O -indicate O -that O -chronic O -ethanol B-Chemical -treatment O -causes O -subsensitivity O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrical O -properties O -of O -glassy B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -electrodes O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolism O -of O -methoxychlor O -and O -o O -, O -p O -' O -DDT O -by O -liver O -microsomes O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -uteri O -and O -effects O -on O -intracellular O -distribution O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -other O -monosaccharides B-Chemical -, O -and O -ascorbic O -acid O -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -of O -rat O -striatal O -synaptosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -bovine O -retina O -: O -characterization O -of O -the O -3H O -- O -spiroperidol O -binding O -and O -its O -use O -for O -screening O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -affinity O -of O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -enzyme O -, O -phospholipase O -D O -, O -was O -stable O -at O -50 O -C O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -5 O -mM O -DTT O -but O -was O -inactivated O -at O -55 O -C O -. O -The O -enzyme O -was O -precipitated O -with O -cold O -acetone O -, O -concentrated O -between O -30 O -% O -saturation O -to O -40 O -% O -saturation O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -, O -absorbed O -on O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -gel O -and O -eluted O -with O -0 O -. O -2 O -M O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -5 O -mM O -phosphatidylcholine O -( O -PC O -) O -was O -sonicated O -with O -increasing O -levels O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -( O -1 O -mM O -to O -4 O -mM O -) O -, O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -kept O -increasing O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -choline B-Chemical -and O -serine O -at O -10 O -mM O -concentration O -reduced O -phospholipase O -D O -activity O -by O -31 O -% O -and O -22 O -% O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -measurement O -of O -intracellular O -sodium B-Chemical -activities O -in O -the O -bullfrog O -by O -means O -of O -double O -- O -barreled O -sodium B-Chemical -liquid O -ion O -- O -exchanger O -microelectrodes O -. O - -aps B-category -Actinomyces O -viscosus O -, O -growing O -on O -a O -tooth O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -slowly O -produced O -a O -loosely O -- O -attached O -plaque O -, O -the O -pH O -being O -6 O -. O -1 O -after O -120 O -h O -. O -When O -the O -tooth O -was O -inoculated O -simultaneously O -with O -A O -. O -viscosus O -and O -either O -Streptococcus O -sanguis O -or O -Streptococcus O -mutans O -, O -firmly O -- O -adherent O -plaque O -was O -quickly O -formed O -and O -the O -pH O -fell O -below O -5 O -after O -33 O -h O -with O -the O -former O -Streptococcus O -and O -24 O -h O -with O -the O -latter O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -receptors O -coupled O -to O -cardiac O -adenylate O -cyclase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rapid O -activation O -of O -adrenal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -by O -decapitation O -and O -its O -relationship O -to O -a O -cyclic O -AMP O -- O -dependent O -phosphorylating O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -of O -a O -variable O -region O -of O -rabbit O -b4 O -chain O -from O -an O -anti O -- O -SIII O -antibody O -: O -comparison O -with O -light O -chains O -of O -the O -same O -sub O -- O -group O -from O -anti O -- O -A O -- O -variant O -carbohydrate O -antibodies O -. O - -aps B-category -Incorporation O -of O -inositol B-Chemical -into O -intact O -red O -blood O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -gas O -- O -transport O -function O -of O -red O -blood O -cells O -which O -have O -incorporated O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -is O -significantly O -improved O -by O -fusion O -with O -effector O -- O -loaded O -lipid O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -treated O -red O -blood O -cells O -show O -no O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -depletion O -during O -a O -reasonable O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -TEA O -- O -resistant O -current O -includes O -a O -component O -depending O -on O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -inward O -calcium B-Chemical -current O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increase O -in O -the O -level O -of O -intracellular O -free O -carcium O -( O -by O -perfusing O -the O -cell O -with O -solutions O -containing O -Ca O -- O -EGTA O -buffer O -) O -potentiated O -the O -TEA O -- O -resistant O -component O -of O -the O -outward O -current O -and O -the O -removal O -of O -free O -calcium B-Chemical -by O -EGTA O -decreased O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -chronic O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitor O -treatment O -on O -biogenic O -amine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -is O -of O -value O -in O -the O -performance O -of O -gas O -encephalography O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -lysyl O -oxidase O -by O -copper B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -cold O -exposure O -in O -the O -early O -postnatal O -period O -on O -the O -hormone O -content O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -activity O -in O -adult O -rats O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -short O -cooling O -of O -adult O -rats O -resulted O -in O -the O -increase O -of O -trioiodothyronine O -content O -and O -decrease O -of O -insulin O -content O -in O -blood O -and O -the O -increased O -induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -dogs O -in O -neurolept O -- O -anesthesia O -the O -successive O -administration O -of O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -and O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -which O -should O -cause O -the O -functional O -equivalent O -of O -surgical O -denervation O -of O -the O -heart O -, O -always O -results O -in O -a O -marked O -tachycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -Bilateral O -vagotomy O -and O -administration O -of O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -abolish O -the O -tachycardia O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Role O -of O -pyrazinamide B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -pulmonary O -tuberculosis O -in O -the O -light O -of O -comparison O -of O -the O -data O -of O -the O -International O -Antituberculosis B-Chemical -Union O -in O -Istanbul O -in O -1977 O -and O -the O -materials O -of O -the O -conference O -in O -Białystok O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Oxido O -- O -reductive O -reactions O -in O -the O -transformation O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -and O -prednisolone B-Chemical -by O -adsorbed O -cells O -of O -Mycobacterium O -globiforme O -, O -strain O -193 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -qualitative O -prediction O -of O -the O -theory O -was O -that O -symmetric O -contests O -in O -which O -escalation O -is O -expensive O -should O -lead B-Chemical -to O -mixed O -strategies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -so O -- O -called O -lamina O -splendens O -of O -articular O -cartilage O -is O -shown O -to O -be O -a O -characteristic O -of O -phase O -contrast B-Chemical -microscopy O -; O -this O -technique O -provides O -no O -evidence O -for O -an O -anatomically O -distinct O -surface O -layer O -. O - -aps B-category -Published O -experimental O -data O -are O -used O -to O -predict O -( O -a O -) O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -changes O -in O -the O -cleft O -at O -the O -frog O -neuromuscular O -junction O -, O -and O -( O -b O -) O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -depletion O -in O -the O -cleft O -under O -a O -Ia O -synaptic O -bouton O -on O -a O -cat O -motoneuron O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -cat O -Ia O -synapse O -, O -the O -synaptic O -current O -is O -predicted O -to O -deplete O -a O -significant O -fraction O -of O -the O -available O -extracellular O -sodium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -innervation O -of O -the O -posterior O -vermis O -was O -studied O -by O -high O -resolution O -radioautography O -in O -both O -normal O -and O -X O -- O -ray O -- O -induced O -agranular O -rat O -cerebella O -, O -following O -3 O -h O -topical O -superfusion O -with O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -agranular O -cerebellum O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -terminals O -appear O -to O -have O -a O -much O -higher O -density O -than O -in O -normal O -controls O -, O -although O -their O -absolute O -number O -may O -not O -be O -significantly O -different O -when O -the O -important O -reduction O -in O -volume O -of O -this O -experimental O -cerebellum O -is O -taken O -into O -account O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -maternal O -administration O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -curly O -- O -tail O -mice O -showed O -an O -enhanced O -susceptibility O -to O -the O -teratogenic O -effect O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -given O -on O -day O -8 O -of O -gestation O -, O -demonstrating O -a O -clear O -gene O -- O -environment O -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -was O -administered O -on O -day O -9 O -, O -instead O -of O -day O -8 O -, O -of O -gestation O -, O -the O -incidence O -of O -n O -. O -t O -. O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -Biogenic O -amine B-Chemical -involvement O -in O -pyrogenicity O -and O -enhancement O -of O -lethal O -endotoxin O -shock O -by O -group O -A O -streptococcal O -pyrogenic O -exotoxin O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -- O -monophosphate O -mediation O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -on O -renin O -release O -by O -renal O -cortical O -slices O -from O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -rats O -: O -modification O -by O -dopaminergic O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -Tyrosine O -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -adrenal O -medulla O -of O -rats O -following O -acute O -and O -chronic O -administration O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -in O -rabbit O -portal O -vein O -: O -comparison O -of O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -anesthesia O -with O -stunning O -and O -decapitation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -induced O -experimental O -hydrothorax O -in O -cats O -by O -injecting O -dextran B-Chemical -into O -the O -pleural O -cavity O -under O -brief O -N2O O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -further O -found O -that O -, O -for O -the O -study O -of O -interoception O -in O -the O -airways O -of O -conscious O -cats O -, O -which O -requires O -experimental O -induction O -of O -pathological O -conditions O -under O -brief O -anaesthesia O -, O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -is O -a O -convenient O -anesthetic O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -between O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -and O -phenothiazine O -in O -man O -: O -effect O -on O -plasma O -concentration O -of O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -and O -its O -metabolite O -nortriptyline B-Chemical -and O -the O -correlation O -with O -clinical O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Study O -of O -soldered O -joints O -of O -gold B-Chemical -alloys O -by O -metallography O -and O -electron O -- O -probe O -microanalysis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -medium O -, O -when O -dispensed O -in O -shallow O -layers O -and O -sealed O -under O -10 O -per O -cent O -CO2 O -in O -nitrogen B-Chemical -, O -had O -a O -redox O -potential O -not O -greater O -than O -- O -125mV O -and O -an O -initial O -pH O -of O -about O -6 O -. O -9 O -when O -buffered O -with O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -, O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -of O -pleural O -fluid O -simultaneous O -with O -serum O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -blood O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -were O -determined O -in O -105 O -pediatric O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -was O -found O -increased O -in O -malignancy O -, O -tuberculosis O -and O -parapneumonic O -effusion O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glucose B-Chemical -level O -was O -markedly O -decreased O -in O -empyema O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Direct O -determination O -of O -luminal B-Chemical -diameter O -changes O -in O -intrapulmonary O -airways O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -this O -method O -it O -was O -found O -that O -( O -i O -) O -abrupt O -bronchiolar O -collapse O -occurred O -in O -the O -preterminal O -and O -terminal O -bronchioles O -once O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -diameter O -was O -reduced O -to O -a O -critical O -level O -: O -( O -ii O -) O -decreased O -temperatures O -resulted O -in O -airway O -narrowing O -which O -was O -reversed O -by O -increasing O -the O -temperature O -to O -above O -25 O -degrees O -C O -; O -as O -a O -rule O -, O -airway O -narrowing O -followed O -a O -cranial O -to O -caudal O -direction O -, O -and O -higher O -concentration O -of O -a O -drug O -being O -required O -to O -close O -the O -peripheral O -airways O -; O -( O -iii O -) O -bronchodilators O -except O -Carbuterol O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -resting O -bronchial O -tone O -or O -on O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -constriction O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -; O -( O -iv O -) O -at O -35 O -degrees O -C O -rhythmic O -waves O -( O -frequency O -6 O -- O -- O -20 O -/ O -min O -) O -were O -observed O -; O -these O -waves O -travelled O -from O -the O -periphery O -in O -a O -cranial O -direction O -. O - -aps B-category -Non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -neuroleptic I-Chemical -treatment O -for O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -arrhythmias O -in O -acute O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -AMP O -and O -agents O -promoting O -cAMP B-Chemical -accumulation O -allow O -development O -of O -slow O -responses O -which O -, O -especially O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -regional O -ischaemia O -, O -could O -develop O -into O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -. O - -aps B-category -Dermal O -toxicity O -and O -penetration O -studies O -following O -topical O -application O -of O -three O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -with O -a O -comparison O -with O -an O -H1 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increase O -of O -creatinine B-Chemical -and O -urea B-Chemical -in O -the O -serum O -could O -not O -be O -established O -during O -the O -retention O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -explain O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -the O -relatively O -lipophilic O -gyromitrin O -, O -the O -non O -- O -effectiveness O -of O -the O -more O -hydrophilic O -hydrazine O -MFH O -and O -the O -blockade O -of O -the O -gyromitrin O -effect O -by O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -, O -a O -mechanism O -involving O -the O -central O -nervous O -system O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -35 O -- O -50 O -% O -of O -the O -label O -accumulated O -after O -incubation O -of O -cultured O -Sertoli O -cells O -with O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -testosterone I-Chemical -was O -readily O -extractable O -with O -0 O -. O -4 O -M O -KCl O -during O -a O -1 O -h O -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -distribution O -of O -these O -metabolites O -between O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -and O -readily O -extractable O -forms O -varied O -between O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -although O -the O -quantitative O -aspects O -of O -salt B-Chemical -extractability O -appear O -to O -depend O -to O -some O -extent O -upon O -the O -extraction O -conditions O -, O -it O -is O -apparent O -that O -the O -Sertoli O -cell O -nuclear O -fraction O -accumulates O -a O -significant O -amount O -of O -androgen B-Chemical -in O -a O -form O -which O -is O -relatively O -resistant O -to O -removal O -with O -0 O -. O -4 O -M O -KCl O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -converts O -ecdysone O -and O -20 O -- O -hydroxyecdysone O -to O -their O -respective O -3 O -- O -epimers O -, O -requires O -NADH O -or O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -O2 O -for O -this O -reaction O -, O -and O -has O -the O -following O -kinetic O -parameters O -: O -for O -ecdysone O -, O -Km O -= O -17 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -4 O -microM O -, O -Vmax O -= O -110 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -14 O -. O -6 O -pmol O -min O -- O -1 O -mg O -- O -1 O -; O -for O -20 O -- O -hydroxyecdysone O -, O -Km O -= O -47 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -. O -5 O -microM O -, O -Vmax O -= O -131 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -5 O -pmol O -min O -- O -1 O -mg O -- O -1 O -: O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -, O -Km O -= O -85 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -10 O -. O -6 O -microM O -; O -for O -NADH O -, O -Km O -= O -51 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -3 O -microM O -. O - -aps B-category -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -GABA B-Chemical -, O -cystein O -and O -SH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutathione I-Chemical -evoke O -a O -considerable O -decrease O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -alkaline O -RNase O -in O -the O -postmitochondrial O -fraction O -of O -the O -rat O -brain O -homogenate O -where O -the O -complex O -of O -this O -enzyme O -with O -its O -natural O -cytoplasmic O -protein O -inhibitor O -is O -preliminarily O -disturbed O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -pCMB O -. O - -aps B-category -Epithelial O -cell O -loss O -was O -induced O -in O -the O -descending O -colon O -of O -the O -rat O -by O -temporary O -ischaemia O -to O -investigate O -whether O -this O -would O -lead B-Chemical -to O -an O -increase O -in O -crypt O -cell O -proliferation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -different O -ultrastructural O -abnormalities O -found O -in O -the O -Sertoli O -and O -Leydig O -cells O -might O -be O -considered O -as O -the O -histological O -expression O -of O -a O -tubular O -- O -interstitial O -dysgenesis O -which O -is O -reflected O -in O -the O -high O -levels O -of O -gonadotropins O -and O -low O -levels O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -blockade O -of O -G2 O -- O -phase O -and O -/ O -or O -mitosis O -persisted O -up O -to O -the O -end O -of O -incubation O -, O -as O -indicated O -by O -the O -unchanged O -number O -of O -labelled O -mitotic O -figures O -after O -120 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Computer O -assisted O -stathmokinetic O -and O -FLM O -data O -analysis O -of O -cell O -cycle O -time O -in O -the O -germinal O -centre O -of O -the O -spleen O -: O -effect O -of O -prednisolone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Retinol O -( O -Vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -) O -has O -been O -found O -to O -inhibit O -the O -stimulation O -of O -lymphocytes O -by O -certain O -mitogens O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -and O -skeletal O -muscle O -fibers O -from O -newborn O -rats O -maintained O -in O -an O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -medium O -show O -mitochondrial O -swelling O -but O -no O -intermembrane O -inclusions O -. O - -aps B-category -Content O -of O -protein O -as O -well O -as O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -c I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -reductase I-Chemical -and O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphatase I-Chemical -activities O -were O -increased O -after O -intraperitoneal O -administration O -of O -all O -the O -preparations O -at O -a O -dose O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -within O -4 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -product O -of O -degradation O -of O -LDL O -possessing O -a O -sedimentation O -coefficient O -of O -4 O -. O -5 O -S O -/ O -in O -0 O -, O -04 O -M O -KBr O -; O -0 O -, O -042 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -2 O -mM O -EDTA O -, O -6 O -mM O -Tris O -, O -pH O -7 O -. O -3 O -/ O -contained O -apparently O -the O -minimal O -amount O -of O -proteins O -, O -which O -could O -still O -maintain O -the O -stability O -of O -partially O -hydrolysed O -LDL O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -intraperitoneal O -injection O -of O -rats O -with O -the O -new O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -( O -compound O -I O -) O -, O -four O -metabolites O -( O -compounds O -II O -, O -III O -, O -IV O -and O -V O -) O -were O -found O -in O -the O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydroxy O -- O -mesocarb O -( O -II O -) O -, O -dihydroxy O -- O -mesocarb O -( O -III O -) O -, O -amphetamine B-Chemical -( O -VII O -) O -and O -the O -conjugates O -of O -II O -and O -III O -account O -for O -86 O -% O -of O -the O -urinary O -radioactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -soluble O -phenol B-Chemical -oxidase O -of O -various O -potato O -juices O -( O -adjusted O -from O -physiological O -pH O -to O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -, O -7 O -. O -0 O -and O -7 O -. O -8 O -) O -was O -separated O -by O -gel O -chromatography O -into O -multiple O -molecular O -forms O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -parallel O -study O -the O -pH O -- O -decrease O -at O -different O -sucrose B-Chemical -concentrations O -was O -measured O -in O -vitro O -using O -a O -plaque O -model O -system O -which O -involved O -s O -. O -mutans O -( O -strain O -OMZ O -176 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -added O -in O -vitro O -, O -the O -antiserum O -did O -not O -influence O -either O -the O -mixed O -lymphocyte O -, O -or O -the O -specific O -cytotoxic O -effect O -of O -immune O -lymphocytes O -, O -but O -stimulated O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -the O -suspension O -of O -lymphocytes O -incubated O -with O -syngeneic O -irradiated O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -positive O -compliance O -to O -therapy O -was O -attained O -in O -the O -treatment O -by O -tranquilizers O -of O -the O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -series O -, O -especially O -by O -a O -parenteral O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -NADPH B-Chemical -reduction O -of O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450LM O -at O -different O -integrational O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanism O -of O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -reduction O -reaction O -of O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450LM O -. O - -aps B-category -NADPH B-Chemical -reduction O -of O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -at O -different O -integrational O -levels O -of O -the O -enzyme O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Detergents O -( O -Triton O -N O -- O -101 O -, O -cholate B-Chemical -) O -are O -capable O -of O -disintegrating O -the O -system O -, O -at O -last O -only O -monophasic O -slow O -reduction O -is O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Like O -iron B-Chemical -ions O -copper B-Chemical -ions O -are O -also O -able O -to O -stimulate O -the O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -lipid O -peroxidation O -in O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -electrophoretically O -homogeneous O -forms O -of O -the O -cytochrome O -, O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inducible I-Chemical -P O -- O -450 O -LM2 O -and O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -benzoflavone O -- O -inducible O -P O -- O -450 O -LM4 O -, O -so O -designated O -according O -to O -their O -relative O -electrophoretic O -mobilities O -, O -were O -used O -in O -these O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -scheme O -is O -proposed O -for O -the O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -P O -- O -450 O -LM O -based O -on O -these O -and O -earlier O -studies O -, O -including O -evidence O -from O -deuterium O -isotope O -experiments O -for O -the O -formation O -of O -a O -substrate O -carbon B-Chemical -radical O -prior O -to O -oxygen B-Chemical -transfer O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -reductase O -and O -P O -- O -450 O -LM4 O -present O -in O -equimolar O -amounts O -, O -the O -total O -amount O -of O -P O -- O -450 O -LM4 O -reduced O -increased O -linearly O -with O -NADPH B-Chemical -concentration O -; O -the O -titration O -gave O -a O -stoichiometry O -of O -2 O -mol O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -per O -mol O -of O -reductase O -- O -cytochrome O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -Nearly O -maximal O -rates O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidation O -by O -P O -- O -450 O -LM2 O -OR O -LM4 O -were O -obtained O -with O -a O -molar O -ratio O -of O -reductase O -to O -P O -- O -450 O -LM O -of O -1 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Rates O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidation O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -P O -- O -450 O -LM2 O -and O -LM4 O -decreased O -by O -80 O -and O -40 O -% O -, O -respectively O -, O -when O -phospholipid O -was O -omitted O -from O -the O -reconstituted O -enzyme O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -overcome O -the O -disadvantages O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -consumption O -the O -transfer O -of O -the O -reduction O -equivalents O -from O -an O -electrode O -into O -the O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -- O -system O -was O -studied O -: O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Different O -forms O -of O -reduced O -oxygen B-Chemical -were O -produced O -by O -the O -cathode O -: O -a O -) O -The O -reaction O -of O -O2 O -- O -with O -deoxycorticosterone B-Chemical -yields O -a O -carboxylic O -acid O -derivative O -. O - -aps B-category -b O -) O -Molecular O -oxygen B-Chemical -was O -reduced O -to O -HO2 O -- O -and O -H2O2 B-Chemical -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -electrochemically O -generated O -peroxide B-Chemical -seems O -to O -be O -more O -active O -than O -added O -H2O2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -effects O -of O -human O -growth O -hormone O -on O -plasma O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -transport O -in O -hypopituitary O -dwarfism O -. O - -aps B-category -Computerized O -EEG O -in O -the O -comparison O -of O -oxyprothepin O -and O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -decanoat O -. O - -aps B-category -Flunitrazepam B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -delirium O -tremens O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -and O -temperature O -dependence O -of O -the O -double O -inhibition O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glyceraldehyde I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -by O -ATP O -and O -quinaldate O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -dependent O -deoxyribonuclease O -with O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -, O -activity O -from O -Bacillus O -cereus O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -the O -low O -molecular O -weight O -inhibitors O -of O -the O -crude O -extract O -was O -found O -to O -be O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -fractions O -, O -stable O -after O -freezing O -and O -lyophilization O -, O -were O -of O -interest O -: O -one O -inhibiting O -thymidine B-Chemical -incorporation O -( O -focusing O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -3 O -- O -7 O -. O -6 O -) O -, O -another O -stimulating O -thymidine B-Chemical -incorporation O -( O -focusing O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -4 O -- O -5 O -. O -3 O -) O -, O -and O -the O -third O -stimulating O -proline O -incorporation O -into O -cells O -and O -medium O -collagen O -( O -focusing O -at O -pH O -10 O -. O -2 O -- O -10 O -. O -7 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -analogues I-Chemical -on O -the O -high O -- O -affinity O -uptake O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -in O -astrocytes O -in O -primary O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -shown O -that O -the O -transport O -carrier O -in O -astrocytes O -is O -stereospecific O -for O -the O -C O -- O -4 O -hydrogens O -of O -the O -GABA B-Chemical -molecule O -and O -that O -its O -structural O -requirements O -are O -distinct O -from O -those O -exhibited O -by O -the O -neuronal O -GABA B-Chemical -carrier O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -may O -be O -important O -for O -studies O -on O -the O -relative O -significance O -of O -the O -two O -transport O -systems O -in O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -neurotransmission O -, O -and O -thus O -for O -future O -pharmacological O -manipulations O -of O -the O -GABA B-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -studies O -on O -the O -mechanism O -whereby O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -facilitate O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ergic I-Chemical -transmission O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -reviews O -the O -available O -literature O -concerning O -clinical O -evidence O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -ovarian O -steroid B-Chemical -hormones O -on O -the O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Estrogens B-Chemical -, O -however O -, O -can O -at O -times O -be O -beneficial O -in O -patients O -with O -movement O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -estrogens B-Chemical -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -affect O -neurotransmitters O -by O -altering O -absolute O -concentration O -and O -turnover O -in O -brain O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -role O -of O -ovarian O -or O -male O -steroid B-Chemical -hormones O -in O -other O -neurological O -disorders O -is O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Schultz O -- O -Dale O -reaction O -of O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileum O -: O -influence O -by O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonists O -and O -theophylline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -protection O -by O -L O -- O -ascorbic O -acid O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -, O -and O -adrenergic O -- O -blocking O -agents O -against O -acetaldehyde B-Chemical -, O -acrolein B-Chemical -, O -and O -formaldehyde O -toxicity O -: O -implications O -in O -smoking B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tryptophan B-Chemical -leads O -to O -nicotinic O -acid O -pathway O -is O -inhibited O -in O -the O -nicotinic O -acid O -administered O -rats O -; O -in O -this O -case O -tryptophan B-Chemical -chiefly O -metabolizes O -" O -via O -" O -serotonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Xanthurenic O -acid O -inhibits O -kynurenine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -in O -vitro O -, O -which O -is O -a O -very O -important O -regulatory O -enzyme O -for O -xanthurenic O -acid O -and O -nicotinic O -acid O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -Moderate O -, O -gradually O -decreasing O -TEV O -titres O -were O -detected O -in O -the O -brains O -and O -TEV O -- O -induced O -brain O -interferon B-Chemical -was O -lower O -than O -in O -control O -mice O -of O -the O -same O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -false O -binding O -of O -PS O -decreased O -significantly O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -if O -the O -cells O -were O -cultured O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -( O -DOG O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Nor O -could O -transfer O -be O -observed O -when O -CEF O -were O -treated O -with O -homologous O -interferon B-Chemical -in O -the O -mixed O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemoglobin O -Cowtown O -( O -beta O -146 O -HC3 O -His O -- O -Leu O -) O -: O -a O -mutant O -with O -high O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -and O -erythrocytosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Peptide O -chromatography O -and O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -of O -the O -beta O -chain O -reveal O -that O -the O -C O -- O -terminal O -histidine O -residue O -( O -beta O -146 O -) O -has O -been O -replaced O -by O -leucine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Immunosuppressive O -and O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -therapy O -of O -polyarteritis O -nodosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Despite O -difficulty O -in O -precisely O -defining O -polyarteritis O -nodosa O -, O -the O -data O -suggest O -a O -better O -prognosis O -for O -treated O -patients O -than O -has O -previously O -been O -appreciated O -, O -with O -improvement O -in O -outcome O -when O -an O -immunosuppressive O -agent O -is O -added O -to O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Mucosal O -acidification O -to O -pH O -6 O -. O -5 O -reduced O -by O -88 O -% O -the O -oxytocin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( O -2 O -. O -2 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -) O -elicited O -increase O -of O -water O -permeability O -in O -frog O -urinary O -bladder O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -were O -not O -observed O -when O -supramaximal O -concentrations O -of O -oxytocin B-Chemical -were O -imployed O -. O - -aps B-category -Important O -interactions O -were O -found O -between O -luminal B-Chemical -pH O -and O -serosal O -hypertonicity O -when O -experimental O -conditions O -were O -employed O -similar O -to O -those O -observed O -in O -the O -collecting O -duct O -of O -mammalian O -nephron O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -red O -blood O -cell O -volume O -( O -MCV O -) O -, O -plasma O -gamma O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -( O -GGTP O -) O -, O -and O -plasma O -alpha O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -n I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -butyric I-Chemical -acid O -( O -AANB O -) O -were O -measured O -in O -245 O -patients O -undergoing O -treatment O -for O -alcoholism O -at O -the O -V O -. O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -Alterations O -in O -neurotransmitter O -activity O -after O -acute O -and O -chronic O -ethanol B-Chemical -treatment O -: O -studies O -of O -transmitter O -interactions O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -dose O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -increases O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -release O -at O -low O -doses O -, O -but O -depresses O -it O -at O -high O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Concomitantly O -, O -high O -- O -affinity O -choline B-Chemical -uptake O -, O -an O -index O -of O -cholinergic O -activity O -, O -is O -elevated O -at O -times O -when O -dopamine B-Chemical -release O -is O -depressed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -interactions O -between O -at O -least O -two O -trasmitters O -in O -the O -caudate O -nucleus O -may O -occur O -after O -acute O -and O -chronic O -ethanol B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -cases O -of O -hypersensitivity O -to O -an O -anaesthetic O -induction O -with O -fazadinium O -and O -thiopentone B-Chemical -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Recycling O -analysis O -of O -nicotinamide O -- O -adenine O -dinucleotide O -phosphates O -( O -NADP O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -appears O -to O -be O -a O -tendency O -to O -convert O -pH O -values O -into O -" O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentrations O -" O -using O -the O -antilog O -of O -negative O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracranial O -hemorrhage O -following O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -or O -saline O -solution O -in O -the O -newborn O -lamb O -asphyxiated O -in O -utero O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -examine O -the O -effect O -of O -an O -H1 O -antihistamine O -, O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -, O -an O -H2 O -antihistamine O -, O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -combination O -of O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -and O -cimetidine B-Chemical -on O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -bronchoconstriction O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -randomized O -protocol O -on O -11 O -patients O -with O -asthma O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -control O -day O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -inhalation O -challenges O -were O -performed O -2 O -h O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -a O -single O -oral O -dose O -of O -8 O -mg O -of O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -, O -300 O -mg O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -the O -combination O -of O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -and O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -or O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -provocation O -dose O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -that O -produced O -a O -20 O -% O -decrease O -in O -forced O -expiratory O -volume O -in O -one O -second O -, O -a O -35 O -% O -decrease O -in O -mean O -forced O -expiratory O -flow O -during O -the O -middle O -half O -of O -the O -forced O -vital O -capacity O -, O -and O -a O -50 O -% O -decrease O -in O -specific O -airway O -conductance O -was O -significantly O -increased O -after O -administration O -of O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -002 O -) O -and O -decreased O -after O -administration O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -, O -where O -as O -no O -significant O -effect O -was O -noted O -after O -the O -combination O -of O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -and O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -of O -26 O -long O -- O -term O -survivors O -( O -greater O -than O -7 O -months O -post O -- O -transplant O -) O -of O -bone O -- O -marrow O -transplantation O -developed O -penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -pneumococcal O -infections O -more O -than O -7 O -months O -after O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -Estrogen B-Chemical -use O -and O -postmenopausal O -women O -: O -a O -National O -Institutes O -of O -Health O -Consensus O -Development O -Conference O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -evidence O -for O -the O -efficacy O -of O -estrogens B-Chemical -in O -treating O -specific O -conditions O -associated O -with O -menopause O -was O -reviewed O -1st O -. O - -aps B-category -Estrogens B-Chemical -are O -effective O -in O -overcoming O -the O -atrophy O -of O -the O -vaginal O -epithelium O -and O -the O -associated O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -validity O -of O -3 O -randomized O -trials O -indicating O -that O -exogenous O -estrogens B-Chemical -can O -retard O -bone O -loss O -if O -given O -around O -the O -time O -of O -menopause O -was O -acknowledged O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -was O -also O -reviewed O -concerning O -adverse O -effects O -associated O -with O -post O -- O -menopausal O -estrogen B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -rate O -increases O -severalfold O -beginning O -after O -about O -2 O -- O -4 O -years O -of O -use O -of O -0 O -. O -625 O -or O -1 O -. O -25 O -mg O -of O -conjugated B-Chemical -estrogens I-Chemical -daily O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -in O -our O -series O -were O -given O -prednisone B-Chemical -and O -slinical O -improvement O -of O -radiation O -enteritis O -with O -this O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -improved O -radioenzymatic O -assay O -for O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -human O -plasma O -, O -whole O -blood O -, O -urine O -, O -and O -gastric O -juice O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -differs O -from O -earlier O -methods O -by O -use O -of O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -methyltransferase O -preparation O -from O -pig O -brain O -, O -of O -high O -activity O -tritiated O -S O -- O -adenosylmethionine O -, O -and O -of O -a O -heat O -precipitation O -step O -to O -reduce O -the O -previously O -noted O -interference O -from O -plasma O -constituents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -standard O -deviation O -for O -normal O -human O -plasma O -histamine B-Chemical -is O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -nmol O -/ O -l O -, O -for O -whole O -blood O -559 O -+ O -/ O -- O -193 O -nmol O -/ O -l O -, O -and O -for O -urine O -229 O -+ O -/ O -- O -128 O -nmol O -/ O -24h O -. O - -aps B-category -Ethotoin O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -has O -a O -short O -half O -- O -life O -and O -would O -require O -divided O -daily O -doses O -to O -achieve O -a O -steady O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -additions O -of O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -sources O -on O -the O -NADP O -+ O -and O -NAD O -+ O -level O -in O -the O -mycelium O -of O -a O -producing O -strain O -of O -P O -. O -nigricans O -Thom O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Analogous O -additions O -on O -the O -7th O -day O -in O -24 O -hours O -decreased O -the O -level O -of O -NAD O -+ O -, O -while O -the O -NADP O -+ O -concentration O -increased O -after O -addition O -of O -a O -mixture O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -NANO3 O -and O -remained O -unchanged O -on O -their O -separate O -addition O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyperproduction O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -by O -Escherichia O -coli O -: O -genetic O -manipulation O -of O -the O -pathways O -leading O -to O -tryptophan B-Chemical -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -comparing O -the O -properties O -of O -these O -strains O -, O -we O -were O -able O -to O -define O -in O -biochemical O -terms O -several O -changes O -that O -significantly O -enhance O -process O -productivity O -, O -namely O -( O -i O -) O -release O -of O -the O -first O -enzyme O -of O -the O -common O -pathway O -of O -aromatic O -biosynthesis O -and O -the O -first O -enzyme O -of O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -pathway O -( O -3 O -- O -deoxy O -- O -D O -- O -arabino O -- O -heptulosonate O -7 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthase O -and O -the O -anthranilate O -aggregate O -, O -respectively O -) O -from O -inhibition O -by O -end O -products O -, O -( O -ii O -) O -blockage O -of O -the O -diversion O -of O -chorismate O -to O -phenylalanine O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -, O -and O -( O -iii O -) O -presence O -of O -highly O -elevated O -tryptophan B-Chemical -pathway O -enzyme O -levels O -, O -such O -as O -result O -from O -interference O -with O -both O -repression O -and O -attenuation O -, O -combined O -with O -gene O -amplification O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -demonstrated O -primarily O -with O -two O -ionic O -detergents O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -( O -an O -anionic O -detergent O -) O -and O -dodecyltrimethylammonium O -chloride B-Chemical -( O -a O -cationic O -detergent O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Dodecyltrimethylammonium O -chloride B-Chemical -was O -extremely O -virucidal O -at O -high O -pH O -' O -s O -but O -had O -little O -observable O -effect O -on O -reovirus O -stability O -at O -low O -pH O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -as O -was O -found O -with O -reovirus O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -was O -extremely O -virucidal O -at O -pH O -values O -below O -5 O -, O -even O -when O -the O -virus O -samples O -were O -incubated O -in O -ice O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -coenzyme O -utilization O -by O -the O -dual O -nucleotide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Leuconostoc O -mesenteroids O -. O - -aps B-category -Alternative O -pathways O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -in O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -of O -the O -inactivation O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -glutamate B-Chemical -apodecarboxylase O -by O -phenylglyoxal O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -in O -doses O -of O -1 O -. O -0 O -, O -2 O -. O -5 O -, O -and O -5 O -. O -0 O -micrograms O -/ O -ml O -increased O -the O -hypothalamic O -tissue O -- O -induced O -pituitary O -- O -testis O -activation O -, O -while O -it O -had O -no O -direct O -effect O -on O -pituitary O -and O -Leydig O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbamylcholine O -and O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -had O -no O -action O -on O -the O -in O -vitro O -system O -at O -the O -different O -levels O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -lead B-Chemical -to O -optimum O -mono O -- O -to O -multivalent O -cation O -rations O -of O -9 O -and O -10 O -respectively O -at O -100 O -mM O -ammonium B-Chemical -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -synthesis O -was O -repressed O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -or O -growth O -- O -promoting O -sugars O -. O - -aps B-category -Tryptophanase O -was O -induced O -by O -tryptophan B-Chemical -and O -its O -analogs O -, O -and O -partially O -repressed O -by O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -or O -glycerol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -purified O -to O -92 O -% O -homogeneity O -by O -heat O -treatment O -, O -hydroxyapatite O -chromatography O -and O -fractionation O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -has O -a O -sedimentation O -coefficient O -of O -9 O -. O -2S O -and O -requires O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -as O -a O -cofactor O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Plasma O -and O -intra O -- O -erythrocyte O -variations O -in O -acid O -- O -base O -equilibrium O -in O -acute O -acidosis O -due O -to O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -loading O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -buoyant O -density O -in O -cesium O -chloride B-Chemical -is O -1 O -. O -165 O -g O -per O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Priming O -with O -heterologous O -mouse O -interferon B-Chemical -, O -increased O -production O -of O -an O -antiviral O -substance O -induced O -in O -rat O -diploid O -fibroblasts O -by O -Newcastle O -disease O -virus O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -rat O -interferon B-Chemical -exhibited O -marked O -cross O -- O -species O -antiviral O -activity O -when O -tested O -in O -mouse O -L929B O -cells O -, O -guinea O -pig O -embryo O -fibroblasts O -, O -human O -fibroblasts O -and O -bovine O -cells O -but O -was O -not O -active O -on O -chick O -embryo O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -( O -SODa O -) O -or O -indophenol O -oxidase O -( O -IPO O -) O -determination O -using O -electrofocusing O -of O -phenotypes O -in O -northern O -Germany O -( O -Schleswig O -- O -Holstein O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -differences O -between O -cytoplasmic O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -allozymes O -of O -Drosophila O -virilis O -. O - -aps B-category -MDHf O -has O -a O -pH O -optimum O -of O -9 O -. O -75 O -and O -MDHs O -one O -of O -9 O -. O -25 O -for O -malate B-Chemical -oxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -value O -for O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -of O -MDHs O -is O -approximately O -twice O -as O -that O -of O -MDHf O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -are O -discussed O -in O -terms O -of O -the O -physiological O -role O -of O -cytoplasmic O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -of O -D O -. O -virilis O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -system O -does O -not O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -precipitation O -of O -1 O -% O -dodecyl O -sulphate O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1 O -) O -Muscarinic O -cholinergic O -and O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -phosphatidylinositol O -responses O -were O -observed O -in O -rat O -lacrimal O -gland O -, O -and O -a O -response O -to O -caerulein B-Chemical -was O -detected O -in O -the O -longitudinal O -smooth O -muscle O -of O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -5 O -) O -Pilocarpine B-Chemical -, O -a O -muscarinic O -partial O -agonist O -, O -provoked O -a O -significantly O -smaller O -phosphatidylinositol O -breakdown O -in O -rat O -parotid O -fragments O -than O -did O -carbamoylcholine O -, O -a O -potent O -muscarinic O -agonist O -. O - -aps B-category -Bicarbonate O -ions O -stimulate O -the O -transport O -of O -serine O -and O -alanine B-Chemical -into O -isolated O -hepatocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -to O -a O -cell O -suspension O -caused O -the O -internal O -pH O -to O -become O -more O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -activates O -the O -transport O -of O -these O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -primarily O -by O -increasing O -the O -pH O -difference O -across O -the O -plasma O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -using O -these O -methods O -4 O -- O -methylthio O -- O -2 O -- O -oxobutanoate O -, O -a O -putative O -intermediate O -in O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -ethylene O -from O -methionine B-Chemical -, O -has O -been O -identified O -in O -culture O -fluids O -of O -Aeromonas O -hydrophila O -B12E O -and O -a O -coryneform O -bacterium O -D7F O -grown O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -photochemical O -assay O -developed O -for O -4 O -- O -methylthio O -- O -2 O -- O -oxobutanoate O -shows O -it O -to O -be O -a O -product O -of O -the O -metabolism O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -by O -Escherichia O -, O -Pseudomonas O -, O -Bacillus O -, O -Acinetobacter O -, O -Aeromonas O -, O -Rhizobium O -and O -Corynebacterium O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Conformations O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -and O -enkephalin O -related O -to O -N O -. O -M O -. O -R O -. O - -aps B-category -Enhancement O -effect O -of O -methylxanthines B-Chemical -on O -the O -intestinal O -absorption O -of O -poorly O -absorbable O -dyes O -from O -the O -rat O -small O -intestine O -. O - -aps B-category -Does O -cyclic O -AMP O -- O -dependent O -phosphorylation O -account O -for O -the O -activation O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -produced O -by O -depolarization O -of O -central O -dopaminergic O -neurons O -? O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -influence O -of O -benzoctamine O -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -contents O -in O -substantia O -nigra O -and O -on O -the O -muscle O -stretch O -reflex O -of O -the O -cat O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -while O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -and O -MAO O -activities O -remain O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -- O -Chloro O -- O -11 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -dimethyl O -- O -aminoethoxy O -) O -dibenzo O -[ O -b O -, O -f O -] O -thiepine O -( O -zotepine O -) O -is O -a O -new O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drug O -with O -a O -chemical O -structure O -different O -from O -known O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -perphenazine O -were O -the O -most O -active O -and O -thioridazine B-Chemical -was O -the O -least O -active O -in O -hibiting O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -gnawing O -and O -circling O -movement O -, O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -gnawing O -and O -circling O -movement O -, O -conditioned O -avoidance O -response O -, O -motor O -activity O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -pancreatic O -secretion O -and O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -vomiting O -. O - -aps B-category -Zotepine O -equalled O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -in O -most O -activities O -, O -however O -, O -it O -was O -clearly O -less O -active O -than O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -in O -potentiation O -of O -barbiturate B-Chemical -sleep O -and O -cardiovascular O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxicological O -and O -teratological O -studies O -of O -2 O -- O -chloro O -- O -11 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -dimethylaminoethoxy O -) O -- O -dibenzo O -[ O -b O -, O -f O -] O -thiepine O -( O -zotepine O -) O -, O -a O -new O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -in O -the O -prevention O -of O -the O -pulmonary O -acid O -aspiration O -( O -Mendelson O -' O -s O -) O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -the O -plasma O -concentrations O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -in O -mother O -and O -neonate O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -concentrations O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -were O -measured O -by O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -, O -in O -the O -mothers O -before O -delivery O -, O -and O -in O -the O -mother O -and O -neonate O -at O -delivery O -and O -24 O -and O -48 O -h O -thereafter O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -test O -has O -been O -developed O -which O -entails O -direct O -communication O -with O -the O -patient O -at O -the O -end O -of O -surgery O -, O -noting O -the O -earliest O -moment O -after O -withdrawal O -of O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -at O -which O -he O -makes O -the O -appropriate O -response O -to O -a O -verbal O -request O -, O -the O -" O -time O -to O -correct O -response O -" O -( O -TCR O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -patients O -who O -had O -lorazepam B-Chemical -were O -able O -, O -on O -request O -, O -to O -hold O -up O -the O -head O -a O -few O -minutes O -after O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -enzyme O -induction O -on O -diazepam B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -and O -after O -the O -induction O -period O -the O -elimination O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -desmethyldiazepam O -was O -measured O -in O -the O -plasma O -by O -gaschromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -elimination O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -altered O -having O -a O -half O -- O -life O -of O -37 O -h O -before O -and O -18 O -h O -afterwards O -combined O -with O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -total O -body O -clearance O -after O -the O -induction O -period O -, O -although O -the O -volume O -of O -distribution O -remained O -unaltered O -. O - -aps B-category -Reactivity O -of O -the O -beta O -subunit O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -with O -4 O -- O -chloro O -- O -7 O -- O -nitrobenzofurazan O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversible O -reductive O -alkylation O -of O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -in O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -La3 O -+ O -which O -acts O -as O -a O -competitive O -inhibitor O -, O -Ruthenium B-Chemical -Red I-Chemical -affects O -the O -kinetics O -by O -inducing O -phenomena O -both O -of O -positive O -and O -of O -negative O -cooperativity O -. O - -aps B-category -Activation O -of O -human O -brain O -galactosylceramidase O -by O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Activity O -similar O -to O -that O -obtained O -with O -the O -conventional O -assay O -system O -containing O -taurocholate O -and O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -taurocholate O -system O -) O -could O -be O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -optimum O -shifted O -from O -4 O -. O -2 O -in O -the O -taurocholate O -system O -to O -4 O -. O -7 O -in O -the O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -values O -for O -the O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -system O -were O -greater O -than O -those O -for O -the O -taurocholate O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Additional O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -to O -the O -taurocholate O -system O -was O -either O -without O -effect O -at O -lower O -concentrations O -or O -inhibitory O -at O -higher O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Modulation O -of O -purified O -phospholipase O -A2 O -activity O -from O -human O -platelets O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -indomethacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alpha O -and O -beta O -subunits O -of O -the O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -: O -acetoacetate O -- O -CoA O -transferase O -were O -purified O -by O -isoelectric O -focusing O -of O -the O -enzyme O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -6 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -mechanism O -of O -iron B-Chemical -release O -from O -transferrin O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -phosphatic O -compounds O -and O -iron B-Chemical -chelators O -were O -able O -to O -mediate O -the O -process O -( O -ATP O -, O -GTP O -, O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglycerate O -, O -inositol B-Chemical -hexaphosphate O -, O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -cytidine O -5 O -- O -triphosphate O -, O -pyrophosphate O -, O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -citrate B-Chemical -, O -EDTA O -, O -oxalate O -, O -nitrilotriacetate O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Different O -rates O -of O -iron B-Chemical -release O -were O -obtained O -with O -the O -different O -proteins O -, O -greatest O -with O -human O -transferrin O -and O -least O -with O -lactoferrin O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -any O -given O -pH O -the O -rate O -of O -iron B-Chemical -release O -increased O -to O -a O -maximal O -rate O -as O -the O -mediator O -concentration O -was O -raised O -. O - -aps B-category -Unfolding O -with O -guanidinium O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -of O -solvent O -denaturation O -permitted O -the O -investigation O -of O -the O -relative O -stabilities O -of O -the O -proteins O -at O -neutral O -pH O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -thermal O -denaturation O -studies O -reported O -earlier O -which O -could O -only O -be O -performed O -in O -acid O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -single O -point O -mutation O -Trp O -138 O -leads O -to O -Tyr O -leads O -to O -relatively O -large O -changes O -in O -stability O -and O -the O -interaction O -of O -the O -protein O -with O -guanidinium O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -dimethyl O -adipimidate O -, O -a O -bifunctional O -imidoester O -, O -on O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -hemoglobin O -A O -has O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrophoresis O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -polyacrylamide O -gels O -of O -isolated O -alpha O -and O -beta O -globin O -subunits O -as O -well O -as O -hybrid O -tetramers O -from O -dimethyl O -adipimidate O -- O -treated O -hemoglobin O -reveals O -that O -20 O -% O -of O -the O -globin O -subunits O -are O -cross O -- O -linked O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -treatment O -of O -beta O -subunits O -decreases O -the O -effect O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglyceric O -acid O -on O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -of O -the O -hybrids O -and O -reduces O -the O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -diphosphoglyceric O -acid O -- O -induced O -spectral O -changes O -in O -oxyhemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -steric O -factors O -on O -oxygen B-Chemical -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -proposed O -that O -site O -and O -stereospecific O -van O -der O -Waals O -' O -interaction O -between O -the O -polypeptide O -side O -chains O -and O -the O -peripheral O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -diisopropyl O -groups O -may O -weaken O -the O -interaction O -between O -the O -bound O -oxygen B-Chemical -molecule O -and O -the O -distal O -His O -, O -resulting O -in O -the O -decrease O -in O -the O -stability O -of O -oxyform O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -enzyme O -preparation O -that O -could O -detoxify O -parathion O -and O -eight O -other O -organophosphate B-Chemical -pesticides O -was O -covalently O -bound O -to O -either O -porous O -glass O -or O -porous O -silica O -beads O -. O - -aps B-category -Yeast O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -ADH O -) O -solutions O -( O -approximately O -1 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -, O -pH O -7 O -) O -were O -sheared O -in O -a O -coaxial O -cylindrical O -viscometer O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -and O -appropriate O -mathematical O -models O -are O -presented O -in O -an O -attempt O -to O -elucidate O -and O -separate O -the O -effects O -of O -mass O -transfer O -and O -immobilization O -on O -the O -apparent O -kinetics O -of O -hydrolysis O -of O -urea B-Chemical -by O -urease O -immobilized O -within O -a O -crosslinked O -gelatin O -film O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -secondary O -, O -but O -significant O -, O -influence O -on O -apparent O -kinetics O -arises O -because O -the O -reaction O -products O -lead B-Chemical -to O -an O -increased O -pH O -level O -which O -, O -because O -of O -diffusion O -resistance O -, O -remains O -high O -within O -the O -gelatin O -matrix O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -palmitoyl O -- O -CoA O -binding O -with O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -translocase O -on O -energization O -of O -mitochondria O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -decreased O -energization O -induced O -by O -p O -- O -CoA O -is O -related O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -inner O -mitochondrial O -membrane O -permeability O -b O -- O -H O -+ O -as O -a O -result O -of O -the O -inhibitor O -bindings O -with O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -translocase O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -effect O -of O -various O -antidepressants B-Chemical -( O -5 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -to O -2 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -on O -the O -resting O -overflow O -of O -tritium O -, O -on O -the O -evoked O -overflow O -and O -the O -contractile O -response O -to O -electrical O -stimulation O -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -Hz O -, O -2 O -. O -0 O -ms O -) O -has O -been O -determined O -in O -mouse O -vas O -deferens O -previously O -incubated O -with O -[ O -( O -3 O -) O -H O -] O -- O -( O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -noradrenaline I-Chemical -. O -2 O -Mianserin O -and O -ORG O -GC O -94 O -produced O -a O -concentration O -- O -dependent O -increase O -of O -more O -than O -two O -fold O -in O -the O -electrically O -evoked O -overflow O -and O -the O -contractile O -response O -and O -, O -at O -the O -highest O -concentration O -, O -slightly O -increased O -resting O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -were O -largely O -unchanged O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -cocaine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -1 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -. O -7 O -Doxepin O -, O -imipramine B-Chemical -and O -iprindole B-Chemical -all O -increased O -resting O -overflow O -at O -high O -concentrations O -( O -2 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -but O -produced O -only O -small O -changes O -in O -evoked O -overflow O -and O -in O -the O -contractile O -response O -at O -lower O -concentrations O -. O -8 O -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -mianserin B-Chemical -and O -ORG O -GC O -94 O -produce O -a O -blockade O -of O -presynaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -which O -could O -contribute O -to O -an O -antidepressant B-Chemical -effect O -but O -that O -this O -type O -of O -action O -is O -not O -common O -to O -all O -antidepressants B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -relative O -sensitivities O -to O -aspartate B-Chemical -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -of O -neurones O -receiving O -a O -corticofugal O -innervation O -were O -examined O -by O -microiontophoresis O -, O -and O -compared O -with O -the O -relative O -sensitivities O -of O -neurones O -not O -appearing O -to O -receive O -such O -an O -input O -. O -2 O -On O -all O -the O -cells O -tested O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -appeared O -to O -be O -a O -more O -potent O -excitant O -than O -aspartate B-Chemical -in O -terms O -of O -neuronal O -response O -size O -or O -effective O -dose O -. O -3 O -DL O -- O -alpha O -- O -Aminoadipate O -( O -alphaAA O -) O -reduced O -the O -excitatory O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -responses O -on O -all O -the O -neurones O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -antagonism O -by O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -of O -neuronal O -responses O -to O -excitatory O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -cerebral O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -, O -therefore O -, O -examined O -the O -effects O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -chlordiazepoxide O -on O -cortical O -neurone O -responses O -to O -excitatory O -and O -inhibitory O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -, O -in O -the O -cortex O -of O -rats O -anaesthetized O -with O -urethane B-Chemical -. O -2 O -Chlordiazepoxide B-Chemical -applied O -by O -microiontophoresis O -reduced O -the O -responses O -to O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -but O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -responses O -were O -unaffected O -on O -most O -cells O -even O -by O -much O -higher O -doses O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -intravenous O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -responses O -to O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -taurine O -were O -reduced O -on O -3 O -cells O -and O -unchanged O -on O -11 O -. O -3 O -On O -Purkinje O -cells O -in O -the O -cerebellum O -a O -number O -of O -cells O -( O -5 O -of O -16 O -) O -exhibited O -a O -substantial O -increase O -in O -responses O -to O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -taurine O -following O -intravenous O -or O -iontophoretic O -application O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O -4 O -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -highly O -selective O -reduction O -of O -excitatory O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -responses O -in O -the O -cerebral O -cortex O -may O -be O -of O -particular O -relevance O -to O -the O -behavioural O -effects O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mode O -of O -action O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -investigated O -on O -the O -rat O -isolated O -small O -intestine O -perfused O -at O -a O -fixed O -flow O -rate O -through O -the O -superior O -mesenteric O -artery O -with O -blood O -from O -the O -carotid O -artery O -of O -a O -heparinized O -donor O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fast O -contraction O -was O -abolished O -by O -tetrodotoxin O -, O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -, O -morphine B-Chemical -or O -mepyramine O -, O -but O -was O -not O -prevented O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -microiontophoretically O -applied O -flurazepam B-Chemical -on O -responses O -of O -cerebral O -cortical O -neurones O -to O -putative O -neurotransmitters O -. O - -aps B-category -Large O -iontophoretic O -doses O -( O -5 O -- O -- O -30 O -nA O -, O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -solution O -) O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -induced O -a O -depression O -of O -spike O -amplitude O -. O - -aps B-category -Even O -lower O -doses O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -( O -less O -than O -10 O -nA O -, O -20 O -mM O -in O -0 O -. O -16 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -) O -enhanced O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -but O -antagonized O -that O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -, O -and O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -firing O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -demonstrate O -the O -multiple O -possible O -interactions O -between O -a O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -and O -different O -putative O -neurotransmitters O -in O -the O -mammalian O -cerebral O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -psychologic O -dependence O -, O -the O -most O -important O -reason O -for O -persistent O -drug O -use O -, O -is O -much O -more O -common O -and O -is O -difficult O -to O -treat O -. O - -aps B-category -Beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -- O -blocking O -agents O -: O -pharmacokinetic O -differences O -and O -their O -clinical O -implications O -illustrated O -on O -pindolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -t1 O -/ O -2 O -of O -timolol B-Chemical -were O -different O -between O -the O -two O -groups O -, O -possibly O -due O -to O -the O -decreased O -plasma O -clearance O -after O -multiple O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Presence O -in O -human O -epidermal O -cells O -of O -a O -soluble O -protein O -precursor O -of O -the O -cross O -- O -linked O -envelope O -: O -activation O -of O -the O -cross O -- O -linking O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -agents O -initiate O -the O -cross O -- O -linking O -process O -by O -making O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -available O -to O -the O -transglutaminase O -. O - -aps B-category -Comprising O -an O -estimated O -5 O -- O -- O -10 O -% O -of O -the O -soluble O -cell O -proteins O -, O -it O -has O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -about O -92 O -, O -000 O -, O -is O -isoelectric O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -3 O -and O -has O -an O -unusual O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -( O -46 O -% O -Glx O -residues O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -macrocarpa O -and O -a O -glycophyte O -: O -Phaseolus O -vulgaris O -, O -grown O -in O -presence O -of O -different O -concentration O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Phaseolus O -vulgaris O -are O -compared O -in O -function O -of O -salinity O -( O -increasing O -concentrations O -of O -NaCl B-Chemical -) O -of O -the O -culturing O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Hence O -the O -obligatory O -halophily O -of O -Suaeda O -is O -related O -to O -an O -increase O -of O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -activity O -in O -a O -sal O -- O -trich O -medium O -corresponding O -to O -the O -stimulation O -of O -nitrate B-Chemical -reductase O -and O -proteogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -, O -potassium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -ouabain B-Chemical -in O -the O -absence O -or O -presence O -of O -K O -+ O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -tartarte O -, O -phenylalanine O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -have O -no O -effect O -on O -its O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -maximum O -stimulation O -by O -EDTA O -, O -its O -non O -- O -dependence O -on O -K O -+ O -and O -its O -insensitivity O -to O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -ouabain B-Chemical -, O -make O -human O -platelet O -neutral O -phosphatase O -herein O -described O -, O -distinct O -from O -the O -membrane O -bound O -neutral O -phosphtases O -so O -far O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -urethane B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anaesthetized I-Chemical -guinea O -- O -pigs O -doses O -of O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -s O -. O -c O -. O -of O -both O -antagonists O -produced O -significant O -blockade O -of O -the O -rate O -response O -to O -an O -80 O -% O -of O -maximum O -dose O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -after O -4 O -h O -. O -In O -other O -experiments O -, O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -were O -pretreated O -with O -the O -antagonists O -and O -the O -responses O -to O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -were O -then O -monitored O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conscious O -cats O -the O -course O -of O -blockade O -by O -Ro O -03 O -- O -7894 O -was O -followed O -in O -the O -same O -animals O -and O -was O -still O -evident O -after O -48 O -h O -. O -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockage O -produced O -by O -Ro O -03 O -- O -5255 O -was O -not O -evident O -24 O -h O -after O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -pentobarbitone O -on O -plasma O -and O -intracellular O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -pH O -in O -rabbit O -cardiac O -and O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -suggest O -that O -the O -hypokalaemia O -which O -accompanies O -anaesthesia O -results O -from O -movement O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -between O -the O -extracellular O -and O -intracellular O -compartments O -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -tests O -are O -the O -most O -important O -aids O -to O -diagnosis O -, O -provided O -highly O -specific O -methods O -are O -used O -to O -determine O -the O -levels O -of O -urinary O -catecholamines B-Chemical -or O -their O -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -seven O -antibiotics O -( O -carbenicillin B-Chemical -, O -cloxacillin O -, O -ampicillin B-Chemical -, O -cephalothin B-Chemical -, O -cephaloridine O -, O -cefoxitin O -and O -fosfomycin O -) O -to O -enter O -interstitial O -tissue O -fluid O -was O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationships O -between O -the O -cardiovascular O -effects O -, O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -actions O -and O -plasma O -concentration O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -in O -doca O -hypertensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Labetalol B-Chemical -( O -10 O -, O -30 O -and O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -p O -. O -o O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -labetalol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hypotension O -and O -bradycardia O -the O -vasopressor O -responses O -to O -intra O -- O -arterial O -injections O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -were O -reduced O -; O -the O -tachycardia O -and O -vasodepressor O -responses O -produced O -by O -intra O -- O -arterial O -injections O -of O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -were O -also O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Long O -- O -term O -suppression O -of O -H O -+ O -secretion O -through O -a O -combination O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -and O -methanthelinbromide O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Compared O -with O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -200 O -mg O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -combined O -drugs O -' O -use O -( O -200 O -mg O -cimetidine B-Chemical -and O -50 O -mg O -methanthelinebromide O -) O -led O -to O -significant O -increase O -of O -inhibition O -of O -secretion O -both O -as O -regards O -degree O -and O -duration O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Chronology O -of O -the O -extrapyramidal O -effects O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -nigrostriatal O -dopaminergic O -system O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Tardive O -dyskinesia O -induced O -by O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -complication O -was O -most O -often O -reported O -in O -elderly O -people O -, O -when O -a O -long O -- O -lasting O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -is O -withdrawn O -; O -but O -it O -can O -also O -appear O -in O -young O -people O -and O -after O -a O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -of O -only O -a O -few O -weeks O -duration O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -of O -serum O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -of O -LH O -- O -RH O -test O -after O -treatment O -of O -cryptorchidism O -by O -intranasal O -LH O -- O -RH O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -changes O -of O -LH O -, O -FSH O -and O -testosterone B-Chemical -were O -found O -in O -the O -placebo O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -of O -the O -present O -study O -combine O -to O -suggest O -that O -chronic O -application O -of O -LH O -- O -RH O -may O -result O -in O -an O -overstimulation O -phenomenon O -, O -and O -that O -LH O -- O -RH O -test O -as O -well O -as O -basal O -testosterone B-Chemical -levels O -cannot O -be O -used O -as O -prognostic O -index O -of O -therapy O -efficacy O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -the O -kidney O -, O -the O -enzyme O -is O -primarily O -associated O -with O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -surface O -of O -the O -brush O -border O -membrane O -of O -the O -proximal O -straight O -tubule O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glutathionemia O -and O -glutathionuria O -observed O -in O -a O -patient O -who O -lacks O -detectable O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltranspeptidase O -activity O -and O -in O -mice O -following O -specific O -inhibition O -of O -transpeptidase O -, O -support O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -enzyme O -plays O -a O -major O -role O -in O -glutathione B-Chemical -catabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -finding O -that O -various O -cells O -release O -reduced O -and O -oxidized O -glutathione B-Chemical -indicates O -that O -glutathione B-Chemical -turnover O -may O -be O -a O -process O -of O -intracellular O -synthesis O -, O -excretion O -and O -extracellular O -degradation O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatocytes O -were O -isolated O -by O -perfusion O -of O -the O -liver O -with O -collagenase O -/ O -salt B-Chemical -solutions O -and O -incubated O -in O -culture O -after O -attachment O -to O -plastic O -culture O -dishes O -for O -periods O -up O -to O -48 O -h O -. O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -isolated O -from O -animals O -fed O -20 O -% O -( O -w O -/ O -w O -) O -sucrose B-Chemical -for O -two O -weeks O -prior O -to O -sacrifice O -, O -showed O -high O -levels O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -, O -stearolyl O -- O -CoA O -desaturase O -activity O -and O -triacylglycerol B-Chemical -synthesis O -when O -compared O -with O -cells O -isolated O -from O -animals O -fed O -a O -corn O -oil O -supplemental O -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -corn O -oil O -( O -4 O -% O -by O -weight O -or O -9 O -% O -of O -the O -energy O -content O -of O -the O -diet O -) O -was O -included O -with O -the O -sucrose B-Chemical -( O -20 O -% O -by O -weight O -, O -20 O -% O -of O -the O -energy O -content O -) O -the O -lipogenic O -effect O -of O -the O -sucrose B-Chemical -was O -completely O -suppressed O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -diets O -containing O -sucrose B-Chemical -supplemented O -with O -either O -4 O -% O -( O -w O -/ O -w O -) O -corn O -oil O -or O -4 O -% O -( O -w O -/ O -w O -) O -beef O -tallow O -, O -were O -then O -used O -to O -ascertain O -whether O -or O -not O -the O -effects O -on O -hepatic O -lipogenesis O -were O -reflected O -in O -changes O -in O -the O -amount O -of O -fat O -deposited O -during O -growth O -from O -4 O -- O -- O -24 O -weeks O -of O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -Michaelis O -constants O -for O -( O -+ O -) O -5 O -, O -10 O -- O -methylene O -- O -5 O -, O -6 O -, O -7 O -, O -8 O -- O -tetrahydrofolate O -[ O -( O -+ O -) O -CH2H4folate O -] O -were O -0 O -. O -014 O -mM O -in O -the O -case O -of O -methylation O -of O -2 O -' O -- O -deoxyuridine O -- O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -dUMP O -) O -and O -0 O -. O -55 O -mM O -when O -it O -served O -as O -methyl O -- O -group O -donor O -for O -2 O -' O -- O -fluoro O -- O -2 O -' O -- O -deoxyuridine O -- O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -dUflMP O -) O -; O -the O -corresponding O -Km O -values O -for O -dUMP O -and O -dUflMP O -were O -0 O -. O -01 O -mM O -and O -0 O -. O -11 O -mM O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Complete O -inactivation O -and O -labeling O -of O -methionyl O -- O -tRNA O -synthetase O -by O -periodate O -- O -treated O -initiator O -tRNA O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -cyanohydridoborate O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -alkaline O -pH O -, O -the O -Schiff O -' O -s O -base O -equilibrium O -can O -be O -continuously O -and O -specifically O -displaced O -by O -reduction O -in O -situ O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -cyanohydridoborate O -, O -which O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -leaves O -intact O -the O -reacting O -aldehyde B-Chemical -groups O -of O -oxidized O -tRNA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -irreversibly O -inactivated O -by O -exposure O -to O -weak O -alkali B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cathepsin O -B O -inactivated O -aldolase O -, O -glucokinase O -, O -apo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ornithine I-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -and O -apo O -- O -cystathionase O -, O -but O -the O -rates O -of O -inactivation O -of O -glucokinase O -, O -apo B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ornithine I-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -and O -apocystathionase O -were O -lower O -than O -that O -of O -aldolase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -140 O -- O -fold O -purification O -was O -obtained O -by O -means O -of O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -fractionation O -followed O -by O -chromatography O -on O -carboxymethylcellulose O -and O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -. O - -aps B-category -Deacetylation O -can O -not O -be O -detected O -with O -bacterial O -cell O -wall O -peptidoglycan O -, O -N O -- O -acetylated O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -partially O -O O -- O -hydroxyethylated O -chitin O -or O -monomeric O -N O -- O -acetylgalactosamine O -derivatives O -as O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -occurrence O -of O -this O -enzyme O -may O -account O -for O -the O -formation O -of O -polygalactosamine O -with O -free O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -shifts O -in O -cardiac O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -content O -and O -the O -activity O -of O -some O -enzymes O -of O -their O -catabolism O -were O -determined O -as O -well O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intensity O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -synthesis O -was O -decreased O -in O -old O -age O -, O -the O -transmitter O -metabolism O -in O -various O -parts O -of O -the O -heart O -was O -not O -uniformly O -altered O -, O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -epicardial O -chemoreceptors O -to O -nicotine B-Chemical -, O -veratrum O -, O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -was O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -patients O -intoxicated O -with O -bromoureide O -showed O -accelerated O -elimination O -of O -bromide B-Chemical -from O -serum O -after O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -perchlorate O -. O - -aps B-category -Perchlorate O -has O -been O -reported O -to O -increase O -the O -renal O -clearance O -of O -other O -monovalent O -anions O -by O -inhibiting O -their O -tubular O -reabsorption O -and O -a O -similar O -interaction O -between O -perchlorate O -and O -bromide B-Chemical -is O -suggested O -. O - -aps B-category -Ganglion O -blocking O -properties O -of O -some O -bispyridinium O -soman B-Chemical -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Presynaptic O -noradrenergic O -alpha O -- O -receptors O -and O -modulation O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -noradrenaline I-Chemical -release O -from O -rat O -brain O -synaptosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -the O -concentration O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -in O -the O -medium O -during O -K O -+ O -stimulation O -greatly O -enhanced O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -3H O -- O -NA O -release O -to O -alpha O -- O -receptor O -- O -mediated O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Phentolamine B-Chemical -by O -itself O -did O -not O -affect O -synaptosomal O -3H O -- O -NA O -release O -, O -but O -antagonized O -the O -inhibitory O -effects O -of O -both O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -adrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -SH O -rats O -both O -compounds O -, O -given O -orally O -, O -lowered O -arterial O -pressure O -and O -were O -more O -potent O -than O -hydralazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -compounds O -had O -positive O -inotropic O -activity O -on O -cat O -heart O -papillary O -muscles O -; O -these O -effects O -were O -antagonized O -by O -timolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -centrally O -active O -drugs O -on O -dopamine B-Chemical -oxidation O -by O -rat O -brain O -catecholamine B-Chemical -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -on O -phosphofructokinase O -from O -lactating O -rat O -mammary O -gland O -acini O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -regulating O -the O -susceptibility O -of O -the O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptor O -protein O -to O -heat O -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -establish O -the O -cell O -type O -responsible O -for O -the O -production O -of O -estrogens B-Chemical -in O -an O -ovarian O -tumor O -, O -seven O -thecomas O -, O -three O -granulosa O -cell O -tumors O -and O -one O -fibroma O -were O -studied O -with O -electron O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparative O -study O -of O -labor O -induced O -by O -oral O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -and O -buccal O -tablets O -of O -demoxytocin O -. O - -aps B-category -Labor O -was O -successfully O -induced O -in O -95 O -. O -7 O -% O -of O -the O -women O -in O -the O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -group O -and O -92 O -. O -1 O -% O -of O -the O -women O -in O -the O -demoxytocin O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Concurrent O -use O -of O -PGF2 B-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -, O -vibrations O -to O -the O -cervix O -uteri O -and O -amniotomy O -to O -induce O -labor O -after O -intrauterine O -fetal O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -Vibratory O -dilation O -effectively O -prepares O -the O -cervix O -for O -the O -intense O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -uterine O -contractions O -and O -thereby O -reduces O -the O -risk O -of O -cervical O -laceration O -and O -fistula O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -patient O -was O -in O -spontaneous O -labor O -at O -term O -and O -received O -conventional O -doses O -of O -oxytocin B-Chemical -for O -augmentation O -. O - -aps B-category -Tests O -for O -serial O -urinary O -estrogens B-Chemical -were O -done O -for O -75 O -% O -of O -the O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -eclampsia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -schedule O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -as O -described O -in O -this O -study O -, O -shows O -the O -therapy O -to O -have O -a O -stabilizing O -effect O -on O -hypertension O -and O -pulse O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Dietary O -iron B-Chemical -intake O -of O -pregnant O -Nigerian O -women O -with O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -daily O -dietary O -iron B-Chemical -intake O -from O -hospital O -meals O -served O -to O -ten O -other O -pregnant O -women O -was O -also O -assessed O -to O -serve O -as O -a O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -, O -therefore O -, O -clear O -that O -the O -etiology O -of O -iron B-Chemical -deficiency O -in O -the O -patients O -studied O -was O -mainly O -dietary O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mode O -of O -action O -of O -modern O -tranquilizers O -from O -the O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -group O -: O -a O -clinical O -view O -. O - -aps B-category -Pentazocine B-Chemical -suppositories O -versus O -pethidine B-Chemical -injections O -in O -500 O -patients O -with O -post O -- O -operative O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -Pethidine B-Chemical -was O -faster O -and O -more O -effective O -, O -particularly O -in O -severe O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -bucolome O -and O -related O -barbiturate B-Chemical -derivatives O -on O -the O -displacement O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -from O -plasma O -albumin O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -clarify O -the O -mechanism O -of O -this O -action O -, O -the O -study O -was O -performed O -concerning O -the O -effects O -of O -bucolome O -and O -five O -other O -closely O -related O -barbiturate B-Chemical -derivatives O -including O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -( O -PB O -) O -on O -plasma O -bilirubin B-Chemical -in O -homozygous O -Gunn O -rats O -and O -on O -albumin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bilirubin I-Chemical -binding O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -decrease O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -was O -returned O -to O -preinjection O -level O -after O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -PB O -had O -almost O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -plasma O -bilirubin B-Chemical -in O -Gunn O -rats O -and O -the O -in O -vitro O -action O -was O -very O -small O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -results O -, O -a O -strong O -action O -to O -displace O -bilirubin B-Chemical -from O -plasma O -albumin O -is O -concluded O -as O -the O -mechanism O -of O -bucolome O -to O -decrease O -plasma O -bilirubin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Base O -excess O -and O -pH O -- O -changes O -showed O -no O -differences O -, O -also O -the O -given O -amount O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -in O -both O -groups O -was O -the O -same O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -the O -induction O -of O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -in O -choriocarcinoma O -cells O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -butyrate O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -increases O -the O -phosphatase O -activity O -immediately O -and O -in O -a O -nearly O -linear O -fashion O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -catalepsy O -in O -rat O -: O -Role O -of O -putative O -neurotransmitters O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reagent O -2 O -- O -carboxy O -- O -4 O -, O -6 O -- O -dinitrochlorobenzene O -( O -CDNCB O -) O -reacts O -with O -the O -imino O -, O -amino B-Chemical -and O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -of O -model O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -dichloroanalog O -, O -6 O -- O -carboxy O -- O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dinitro O -- O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -dichlorobenzene O -, O -shows O -stepwise O -reactivity O -with O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -and O -trypsin O -inhibitory O -activity O -of O -the O -duopentacontapeptide O -corresponding O -to O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -of O -porcine O -pancreatic O -secretory O -trypsin O -inhibitor O -II O -( O -Kazal O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -isolated O -material O -was O -purified O -by O -ion O -exchange O -chromatography O -and O -the O -protecting O -groups O -were O -removed O -by O -successive O -treatments O -with O -anhydrous O -hydrogen B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -, O -1 O -M O -piperidine O -and O -mercuric O -acetate O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -on O -learning O -and O -memory O -of O -2 O -- O -week O -treatments O -with O -chlordiazepoxide O -lactam O -, O -N O -- O -desmethyldiazepam O -, O -oxazepam B-Chemical -and O -methyloxazepam O -, O -alone O -or O -in O -combination O -with O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -ingested O -with O -a O -placebo O -drink O -and O -0 O -. O -5 O -g O -alcohol B-Chemical -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -Chlordiazepoxide B-Chemical -lactam O -was O -the O -only O -drug O -which O -alone O -impaired O -associative O -learning O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Influence O -of O -diagnosis O -, O -hospital O -and O -sex O -on O -the O -effects O -of O -bromperidol B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -explored O -the O -ionic O -composition O -of O -cerebral O -interstitial O -fluid O -( O -cISF O -) O -in O -six O -unanesthetized O -goats O -at O -sea O -level O -( O -SL O -) O -and O -again O -after O -5 O -days O -at O -a O -simulated O -high O -altitude O -( O -HA O -) O -of O -4 O -, O -300 O -m O -. O -By O -measuring O -net O -transependymal O -fluxes O -of O -HCO3 O -- O -, O -Cl O -- O -, O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -during O -ventriculocisternal O -perfusions O -with O -lactate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -artificial O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -( O -CSF O -) O -with O -various O -[ O -HCO3 O -- O -] O -and O -[ O -Cl O -- O -] O -, O -we O -determined O -[ O -HCO3 O -- O -] O -and O -[ O -Cl O -- O -] O -in O -the O -inflowing O -perfusate O -that O -produced O -zero O -flux O -, O -which O -are O -estimates O -of O -the O -concentrations O -of O -these O -ions O -in O -cISF O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -goats O -adapted O -to O -HA O -[ O -Cl O -- O -] O -in O -cISF O -and O -in O -CSF O -were O -again O -equal O -, O -whereas O -[ O -HCO3 O -- O -] O -in O -cISF O -was O -lower O -and O -[ O -lactate B-Chemical -] O -presumably O -higher O -than O -in O -CSF O -. O - -aps B-category -were O -examined O -in O -situ O -, O -unfixed O -and O -with O -in O -vivo O -- O -like O -ionic O -conditions O -under O -light O -- O -microscopical O -control O -( O -differential B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -interference I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -contrast I-Chemical -, O -magnification O -400 O -- O -- O -800X O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -collected O -from O -culture O -filtrates O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -, O -and O -it O -was O -obtained O -in O -pure O -form O -by O -single O -chromatography O -on O -a O -column O -of O -diethylaminoethyl O -cellulose O -. O - -aps B-category -Mutants O -of O -P O -. O -fragi O -producing O -proteases O -of O -altered O -substrate O -specificities O -were O -isolated O -from O -plates O -containing O -elastin O -as O -the O -sole O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -physiological O -significance O -of O -this O -Mn O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -- O -dependent O -N O -( O -2 O -) O -ase O -activating O -system O -was O -suggested O -here O -by O -observations O -that O -growth O -of O -R O -. O -rubrum O -and O -Rhodopseudomonas O -capsulata O -on O -N O -( O -2 O -) O -gas O -( O -a O -condition O -that O -produces O -active O -N O -( O -2 O -) O -ase O -R O -) O -required O -Mn O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -, O -but O -growth O -on O -ammonia B-Chemical -or O -glutamate B-Chemical -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -Chromatium O -N O -( O -2 O -) O -ase O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -was O -always O -fully O -active O -and O -did O -not O -require O -Mn O -( O -2 O -+ O -) O -activation O -, O -suggesting O -that O -only O -the O -purple O -nonsulfur O -bacteria O -are O -capable O -of O -controlling O -their O -N O -( O -2 O -) O -ase O -activity O -by O -this O -new O -type O -of O -regulatory O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Structural O -and O -functional O -characteristics O -of O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -in O -NADP O -- O -linked O -malic O -enzyme O -from O -Escherichia O -coli O -W O -. O - -aps B-category -Examination O -of O -the O -acid O -hydrolysate O -of O -the O -enzyme O -modified O -with O -[ O -14C O -] O -bromopyruvate O -by O -paper O -chromatography O -showed O -that O -radioactivity O -was O -solely O -incorporated O -into O -carboxyhydroxyethyl O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -novel O -method O -for O -the O -preparation O -of O -Kyn O -62 O -- O -lysozyme O -, O -in O -which O -tryptophan B-Chemical -62 O -is O -replaced O -by O -kynurenine B-Chemical -, O -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -reagents O -tested O -, O -deoxycholate O -, O -cholate B-Chemical -, O -and O -some O -nonionic O -detergents O -, O -including O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -, O -with O -hydrophilic O -- O -lipophilic O -balance O -values O -of O -around O -13 O -, O -were O -effective O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -enzyme O -was O -estimated O -to O -be O -about O -88 O -, O -000 O -from O -the O -elution O -position O -on O -Sepharose O -CL O -- O -6B O -column O -chromatography O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -cholate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -urea B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -denatured I-Chemical -protein O -substrates O -tested O -, O -calf O -thymus O -histone O -was O -hydrolyzed O -most O -rapidly O -, O -followed O -by O -casein O -, O -hemoglobin O -, O -and O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -, O -whereas O -practically O -no O -hydrolysis O -occurred O -with O -denatured O -ovalbumin O -, O -fibrinogen O -, O -and O -gamma O -- O -globulin O -as O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -primary O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -of O -tropomyosin O -, O -we O -calculated O -the O -changes O -of O -repulsive O -forces O -between O -the O -basic O -residues O -with O -changes O -of O -molecular O -overlap O -length O -between O -the O -N O -- O -terminals O -of O -antiparallel O -pairs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -cholate B-Chemical -markedly O -stimulated O -the O -enzymatic O -hydrolysis O -of O -gangliosides O -, O -and O -increased O -the O -maximum O -velocity O -constant O -of O -neuraminidase O -I O -twofold O -and O -that O -of O -neuraminidase O -II O -143 O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extent O -of O -gelation O -was O -optimal O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -and O -a O -free O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -of O -approximately O -3 O -. O -0 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -. O -Solation O -was O -favored O -when O -the O -free O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -was O -greater O -than O -7 O -. O -6 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -or O -when O -the O -pH O -was O -increased O -or O -decreased O -from O -pH O -6 O -. O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -purified O -D O -. O -discoideum O -myosin O -to O -S6 O -served O -to O -reconstitute O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -pH O -- O -regulated O -contraction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -axons O -are O -identified O -by O -their O -large O -size O -( O -15 O -- O -30 O -micrometer O -diameter O -) O -, O -extensive O -glial O -infolding O -, O -characteristic O -dense O -core O -vesicles O -( O -DCV O -; O -approximately O -180 O -nm O -diameter O -) O -, O -and O -specific O -, O -rapid O -uptake O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -R3 O -- O -R14 O -manufacture O -specific O -low O -molecular O -weight O -peptides O -( O -Gainer O -and O -Wollberg O -, O -' O -74 O -) O -, O -and O -both O -the O -cell O -bodies O -( O -Iliffe O -et O -al O -. O -, O -' O -77 O -) O -and O -the O -germinals O -contain O -unusually O -high O -concentrations O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -sequence O -of O -seven O -pairings O -of O -chili O -- O -flavored O -diet O -with O -prompt O -recovery O -from O -thiamine B-Chemical -deficiency O -did O -significantly O -attenuate O -the O -innate O -aversion O -and O -may O -have O -induced O -a O -chili O -preference O -in O -at O -least O -one O -case O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -immunoglobulins O -that O -bound O -to O -the O -column O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -were O -eluted O -with O -a O -pH O -gradient O -generated O -by O -3 O -equal O -volumes O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -/ O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -0 O -, O -4 O -. O -5 O -and O -2 O -. O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -concentration O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -( O -depleted O -in O -infected O -chambers O -by O -the O -abundant O -polymorphonuclear O -cells O -) O -was O -restored O -to O -excess O -, O -the O -serum O -resistance O -of O -the O -gonococci O -was O -unaffected O -. O - -aps B-category -Examination O -of O -the O -chamber O -fluid O -after O -growth O -of O -gonococci O -in O -vitro O -showed O -depletion O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -proline O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -clarified O -that O -thiamine B-Chemical -is O -cleaved O -by O -residual O -chlorine O -in O -proportion O -to O -the O -rise O -in O -temperature O -, O -pH O -and O -concentration O -of O -residual O -chlorine O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -assumed O -that O -thiamine B-Chemical -is O -cleaved O -into O -hydroxymethylpyrimidine O -and O -the O -thiazole O -moiety O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incorporation O -and O -release O -of O -imipramine B-Chemical -from O -alumina O -gel O -spheres O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -between O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -the O -excretion O -of O -water O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -analysis O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -sulphate I-Chemical -and O -its O -degradation O -products O -by O -reversed O -- O -phase O -high O -pressure O -liquid O -chromatography O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -analysis O -of O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -by O -second O -and O -fourth O -derivative O -UV O -- O -spectroscopy O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stability O -of O -salbutamol B-Chemical -solution O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -chloroquine B-Chemical -on O -macromolecule O -synthesis O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -in O -Escherichia O -coli O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -an O -R O -- O -factor O -and O -its O -non O -- O -transmissible O -derivative O -on O -the O -survival O -of O -bacteria O -in O -media O -containing O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Absorption O -of O -two O -tyrosine B-Chemical -containing O -tri O -- O -peptides O -from O -the O -small O -intestine O -and O -rectum O -of O -the O -rat O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -binding O -on O -the O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Investigation O -of O -solute O -- O -solvent O -complexes O -involving O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -testosterone B-Chemical -propionate I-Chemical -, O -using O -solubility O -results O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -structure O -and O -stability O -of O -O O -/ O -W O -emulsions O -stabilised O -by O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -1000 O -monostearate O -/ O -fatty O -alcohols O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Function O -of O -size O -heterogeneity O -in O -barium B-Chemical -sulphate O -used O -as O -radiocontrast O -medium O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Cephalosporin B-Chemical -powders O -sterilized O -by O -gamma O -- O -rays O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Biologically O -active O -poly O -( O -N O -- O -methacryloyl O -omega B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -) O -esters O -of O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -and O -their O -duration O -of O -activity O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -mode O -of O -action O -of O -the O -antitumour O -drug O -nitrogen B-Chemical -mustard O -( O -mustine O -) O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -slugging O -pressure O -on O -the O -properties O -of O -granules O -and O -tablets O -prepared O -from O -potassium B-Chemical -phenethicillin O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -functional O -groups O -on O -the O -energetics O -of O -partitioning O -of O -phenols B-Chemical -between O -liposomes O -and O -water O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -three O -chemical O -methods O -of O -assay O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -in O -quiescent O -sheep O -- O -heart O -Purkinje O -fibres O -studied O -using O -intracellular O -chloride B-Chemical -and O -pH O -- O -sensitive O -micro O -- O -electrodes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inward O -- O -pumping O -was O -noticeably O -temperature O -- O -sensitive O -( O -Q10 O -approximately O -2 O -. O -6 O -) O -, O -its O -rate O -was O -reduced O -about O -eighteenfold O -in O -the O -nominal O -absence O -of O -external O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -/ O -CO2 O -and O -it O -was O -substantially O -inhibited O -by O -the O -drug O -SITS O -( O -4 O -- O -acetamido O -- O -4 O -' O -- O -isothiocyanato O -- O -stilbene O -- O -2 O -, O -2 O -' O -- O -disulphonic O -acid O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -antagonists O -on O -rat O -parasympathetic O -ganglion O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -three O -antagonists O -( O -tubocurarine O -, O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -, O -decamethonium O -) O -the O -blocking O -action O -increases O -with O -hyperpolarization O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -block O -produced O -by O -tubocurarine O -, O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -and O -decamethonium O -increases O -with O -the O -agonist O -concentration O -, O -an O -observation O -which O -supports O -a O -' O -sequential O -' O -scheme O -in O -which O -the O -antagonist O -blocks O -the O -' O -open O -' O -channel O -- O -receptor O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -case O -of O -tubocurarine O -and O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -, O -the O -relaxation O -following O -a O -hyperpolarizing O -voltage O -jump O -corresponds O -to O -a O -decrease O -in O -conductance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -steady O -- O -state O -observations O -and O -the O -relaxations O -can O -be O -interpreted O -in O -terms O -of O -a O -scheme O -in O -which O -tubocurarine O -, O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -and O -decamethonium O -act O -mainly O -by O -blocking O -the O -channels O -opened O -by O -the O -cholinergic O -agonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Inter O -- O -relationship O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -and O -acetate O -transport O -by O -the O -colon O -of O -the O -pig O -. O - -aps B-category -Final O -pCO2 O -values O -observed O -in O -NaCl B-Chemical -and O -Na2SO4 O -solutions O -were O -greater O -than O -those O -observed O -in O -plasma O -while O -the O -pCO2 O -of O -the O -Na O -acetate O -solution O -after O -perfusion O -was O -reduced O -to O -values O -below O -plasma O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -characteristics O -of O -saxitoxin B-Chemical -( O -STX O -) O -binding O -to O -the O -mammalian O -Na O -channel O -have O -been O -studied O -in O -purified O -sarcolemma O -isolated O -from O -rat O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -More O -than O -50 O -castrated O -or O -cryptorchid O -rams O -have O -been O -treated O -with O -low O -doses O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -RTF O -over O -a O -25 O -- O -h O -blood O -sampling O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Uridine O -diphosphate O -glucose B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -normal O -human O -synovial O -cells O -in O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -catalytic O -activity O -of O -UDP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -the O -5 O -extracts O -was O -12 O -. O -0 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -4 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -International O -Units O -/ O -mg O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Biological O -investigations O -in O -alcohol B-Chemical -research O -. O - -aps B-category -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Aryl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -s I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triazolo I-Chemical -[ O -4 O -, O -3 O -- O -a O -] O -[ O -1 O -, O -4 O -] O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -showing O -anxiolytic O -potential O -, O -some O -were O -also O -active O -in O -tests O -useful O -for O -detecting O -antidepressant B-Chemical -and O -antipsychotic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decomposition O -reaction O -in O -LR O -experiment O -is O -postulated O -to O -be O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -catalyzed I-Chemical -formate O -decomposition O -on O -the O -clay O -surface O -. O - -aps B-category -PCP O -( O -phencyclidine B-Chemical -) O -: O -an O -update O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -sensitive O -and O -convenient O -method O -of O -endopeptidase O -assay O -using O -as O -substrate O -globin O -modified O -with O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -was O -used O -for O -determination O -of O -acid O -proteinases O -in O -bovine O -hypothalamus O -separated O -by O -isoelectric O -focusing O -. O - -aps B-category -Lesions O -of O -the O -cerebral O -cortex O -alter O -striatal O -neuronal O -vulnerability O -to O -locally O -injected O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Coadministration O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -1 O -mumole O -) O -with O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -9 O -nmoles O -) O -partially O -restores O -the O -neurotoxic O -action O -of O -kainic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -decorticate O -striatum O -; O -GABA B-Chemical -, O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -and O -proline O -( O -1 O -mumole O -) O -are O -ineffective O -with O -regard O -to O -restoring O -kainate B-Chemical -' O -s O -toxicity O -for O -striatal O -GABAergic O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -some O -other O -narcotic O -analgesics O -on O -brain O -tryptophan B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -was O -not O -prevented O -by O -naloxone B-Chemical -nor O -was O -it O -produced O -by O -other O -narcotic O -analgesics O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -large O -dose O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -antinociceptive O -action O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -was O -prevented O -by O -naloxone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Automation O -of O -phosphorus B-Chemical -removal O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunological O -, O -pharmacological O -and O -dynamic O -action O -of O -rifampicin B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Abstracts O -of O -the O -9th O -Congress O -of O -the O -International O -Study O -Group O -for O -Steroid B-Chemical -Hormones O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Physiopathology O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -biliary O -calculi O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -effects O -of O -pH O -and O -phosphorylation O -on O -neostriatal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -from O -control O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -activity O -has O -characteristics O -of O -a O -thymidine B-Chemical -kinase O -, O -in O -that O -( O -1 O -) O -it O -will O -utilize O -ATP O -( O -or O -dATP O -) O -or O -CTP O -( O -or O -dCTP O -) O -as O -phosphoryl O -donor O -, O -but O -not O -AMP O -or O -phenyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -and O -( O -2 O -) O -it O -is O -inhibited O -by O -dTTP O -( O -and O -less O -so O -by O -dTDP O -, O -dUTP B-Chemical -, O -and O -dUDP O -) O -but O -is O -unaffected O -by O -3 O -' O -- O -5 O -' O -cyclic O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetic O -studies O -indicate O -a O -ping O -- O -pong O -mechanism O -with O -a O -Km O -for O -thymidine B-Chemical -of O -1 O -. O -5 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -moles O -per O -liter O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -thymidine B-Chemical -is O -phosphorylated O -to O -dTMP O -by O -crude O -Chlamydomonas O -extracts O -, O -greater O -than O -80 O -% O -of O -the O -product O -formed O -by O -the O -partially O -purified O -enzyme O -is O -dTTP O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -one O -year O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -therapy O -the O -arteritis O -was O -no O -longer O -seen O -histologically O -, O -Australia O -- O -antigen O -became O -negative O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reactions O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -14C O -- O -and O -gamma O -32P O -- O -labelled O -ATP O -with O -isolated O -membranes O -from O -catecholamine B-Chemical -storage O -vesicles O -of O -the O -bovine O -adrenal O -medulla O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Sonication O -released O -twice O -as O -much O -32P O -- O -ATP O -as O -14C O -- O -ATP O -from O -the O -space O -within O -the O -membrane O -particles O -indicating O -that O -at O -least O -half O -of O -the O -ATP O -present O -in O -space O -did O -not O -contain O -its O -original O -terminal O -phosphate B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Different O -strong O -inhibitory O -effects O -exerted O -by O -ADP O -on O -the O -ATPase O -activity O -and O -net O -uptake O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -at O -the O -one O -hand O -and O -the O -overall O -32P O -- O -and O -14C O -- O -incorporation O -at O -the O -other O -hand O -supported O -that O -view O -. O - -aps B-category -Fenfluramine O -has O -been O -considered O -to O -deplete O -neuronal O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -fenfluramine B-Chemical -on O -these O -three O -compounds O -considered O -as O -neurotransmitters O -are O -different O -. O - -aps B-category -Concerning O -the O -enzymes O -involved O -in O -GABA B-Chemical -synthesis O -and O -degradation O -, O -Fenfluramine O -increases O -Glutamic O -acid O -decarboxylase O -activity O -and O -decreases O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trasaminase I-Chemical -activity O -in O -synaptosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -enzymatic O -regulating O -system O -may O -be O -responsible O -in O -restoring O -the O -GABA B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -guinea O -pig O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentrations O -elicited O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -both O -kinds O -of O -preparations O -were O -not O -potentiated O -by O -cimetidine B-Chemical -or O -metiamide O -and O -were O -not O -inhibited O -by O -administration O -of O -H2 O -receptor O -selective O -agonists O -in O -doses O -which O -were O -subthreshold O -for O -contracting O -the O -guinea O -pig O -ileum O -; O -higher O -doses O -of O -the O -H2 O -agonists O -could O -actually O -potentiate O -the O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -isolated O -perfused O -guinea O -- O -pig O -hearts O -, O -digoxin B-Chemical -produced O -a O -concentration O -dependent O -release O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -( O -ATP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -creatine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -transphosphorylase I-Chemical -; O -CK O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -digoxin B-Chemical -effect O -was O -not O -matched O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -decreased O -the O -enzyme O -release O -due O -to O -electrical O -fibrillation O -. O - -aps B-category -Sea O -anemone O -toxin O -II O -( O -ATX O -II O -) O -which O -keeps O -the O -activated O -sodium B-Chemical -channels O -open O -, O -can O -be O -labelled O -at O -its O -histidine O -residues O -with O -125I O -up O -to O -a O -specific O -radioactivity O -of O -500 O -Ci O -/ O -mmole O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -binding O -of O -alpha O -- O -bungarotoxin O -, O -binding O -of O -ATX O -II O -is O -not O -changed O -by O -denervation O -of O -the O -diaphragm O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -5 O -h O -of O -irradiation O -the O -whole O -- O -body O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -387 O -C O -/ O -kg O -( O -1500 O -R O -) O -produced O -changes O -in O -rat O -liver O -cells O -characterized O -by O -a O -reduction O -of O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -biological O -half O -- O -lives O -( O -NAD O -+ O -from O -80 O -to O -60 O -min O -and O -NADP O -+ O -from O -120 O -to O -70 O -min O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Crop O -- O -sac O -response O -after O -systemic O -and O -intraventricular O -administration O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -- O -or O -5 O -- O -day O -systemic O -treatment O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -( O -ł O -/ O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -sulpiride I-Chemical -produced O -an O -intense O -crop O -- O -sac O -response O -consisting O -of O -a O -marked O -epithelial O -hyperplasia O -and O -presence O -of O -milk O -- O -like O -material O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulpiride I-Chemical -was O -more O -active O -in O -comparison O -to O -the O -d O -- O -enantiomer O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -study O -the O -anti O -- O -arrhythmic O -effectiveness O -of O -pindolol B-Chemical -has O -been O -tested O -on O -ventricular O -effort O -arrhythmias O -in O -a O -group O -of O -22 O -cardiopathic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -conditioning O -with O -ALG O -followed O -by O -transfusion O -of O -haploidentical O -marrow O -and O -low O -dose O -androgens B-Chemical -there O -is O -partial O -to O -complete O -autologous O -hemopoietic O -reconstitution O -in O -virtually O -all O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -so O -- O -called O -cystitis O -due O -to O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -Cytoxan O -) O -is O -caused O -by O -direct O -contact O -of O -the O -mucosa O -with O -alkylating O -metabolites O -in O -acid O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cytostatically O -active O -metabolites O -of O -ifosfamide B-Chemical -( O -Holoxan O -) O -, O -a O -derivative O -of O -oxazaphosphorine O -, O -are O -eliminated O -by O -the O -kidneys O -as O -well O -. O - -aps B-category -Conservative O -management O -of O -chronic O -renal O -failure O -in O -children O -is O -essentially O -based O -on O -dietary O -prescription O -including O -recommendations O -for O -high O -caloric O -intake O -and O -a O -certain O -limitation O -of O -protein O -intake O -according O -to O -GFR O -in O -order O -to O -avoid O -any O -extra O -loading O -with O -nitrogen B-Chemical -wastes O -. O - -aps B-category -Prevention O -of O -osteodystrophy O -needs O -supplement O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -chelation O -of O -phosphorus B-Chemical -with O -aluminium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -and O -the O -prescription O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -or O -its O -active O -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -these O -substances O -, O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -was O -the O -most O -effective O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -first O -series O -of O -experiments O -P50 O -( O -PO2 O -for O -which O -saturation O -is O -50 O -% O -) O -was O -lowered O -by O -use O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Perivascular O -pH O -and O -pial O -arterial O -diameter O -during O -bicuculline B-Chemical -induced O -seizures O -in O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -a O -discrimination O -between O -metabolically O -induced O -and O -pressure O -dependent O -vascular O -reactions O -is O -not O -possible O -under O -such O -conditions O -, O -the O -cats O -( O -anesthetized O -with O -40 O -- O -- O -50 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -chloralose B-Chemical -) O -received O -in O -addition O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -phentolamine B-Chemical -and O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Alkaline O -stability O -of O -guanosine B-Chemical -and O -some O -of O -its O -derivatives O -modified O -by O -the O -carcinogen O -N O -- O -acetoxyacetylaminofluorene O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -on O -concentration O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -3 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxyphenylacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -CIM O -did O -not O -significantly O -influence O -either O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -or O -3 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxyphenylacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -DOPAC B-Chemical -) O -levels O -in O -the O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -Twelve O -metabolically O -healthy O -patients O -, O -who O -had O -to O -undergo O -cholecystectomy O -or O -gastric O -resection O -, O -were O -fed O -intermittently O -by O -the O -parenteral O -route O -( O -via O -veins O -of O -the O -upper O -limbs O -) O -post O -- O -operatively O -up O -to O -and O -including O -the O -2nd O -post O -- O -operative O -day O -with O -a O -combined O -maltose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -solution O -in O -parallel O -with O -an O -8 O -% O -mixture O -of O -crystalline O -L O -- O -aminoacids O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -maltose O -levels O -in O -the O -blood O -fluctuated O -in O -accordance O -with O -the O -infusion O -periods O -and O -the O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -levels O -measured O -were O -their O -mirror O -image O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degree O -of O -tolerance O -was O -determined O -objectively O -by O -measurement O -of O -the O -acid O -- O -base O -parameter O -, O -gamma O -- O -GT O -, O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -GOT O -, O -bilirubin B-Chemical -, O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -creatinine B-Chemical -and O -serum O -electrolytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -four O -different O -types O -of O -anaesthesia O -- O -- O -halothane B-Chemical -and O -enflurane B-Chemical -inhalation O -anaestheis O -, O -neurolept O -analgesia O -and O -epidural O -analgesia O -with O -single O -shot O -technique O -- O -- O -on O -the O -serum O -levels O -of O -GOT O -, O -GPT O -, O -GLDH O -, O -LDH O -, O -AP O -, O -LAP O -, O -gamma O -- O -GT O -, O -total O -protein O -and O -bilirubin B-Chemical -was O -examined O -in O -104 O -comparable O -cases O -undergoing O -gynaecological O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subsequent O -rapid O -fall O -of O -the O -bilirubin B-Chemical -levels O -may O -be O -the O -result O -of O -enzyme O -induction O -. O - -aps B-category -20 O -had O -neurolept O -analgesia O -, O -20 O -had O -halothane B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -exception O -were O -changes O -in O -the O -total O -bilirubin B-Chemical -levels O -which O -were O -similar O -to O -those O -observed O -in O -the O -gynaecological O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutathione O -is O -translocated O -out O -of O -cells O -; O -cells O -that O -have O -membrane O -- O -bound O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -can O -utilize O -translocated O -glutathione B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -glutathione B-Chemical -exported O -from O -cells O -that O -do O -not O -have O -appreciable O -transpeptidase O -enters O -the O -blood O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -on O -rats O -surgically O -deprived O -of O -one O -or O -both O -kidneys O -and O -treated O -with O -the O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -inhibitor O -D O -- O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -( O -o O -- O -carboxy O -) O -phenylhydrazide O -establish O -that O -extrarenal O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -activity O -accounts O -for O -the O -utilization O -of O -about O -one O -- O -third O -of O -the O -total O -blood O -plasma O -glutathione B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -They O -also O -excrete O -gamma O -- O -glutamylcysteine O -, O -suggesting O -that O -cleavage O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -at O -the O -cysteinylglycine O -bond O -may O -be O -of O -metabolic O -significance O -. O - -aps B-category -Epidermal B-Chemical -growth I-Chemical -factor I-Chemical -stimulation O -of O -DNA O -synthesis O -is O -potentiated O -by O -compounds O -that O -inhibit O -its O -clustering O -in O -coated O -pits O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -fashion O -, O -we O -have O -revealed O -a O -possible O -link O -between O -the O -coagulation O -- O -kinin O -pathway O -and O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -of O -the O -[ O -3H O -] O -serotonin B-Chemical -in O -the O -neuron O -is O -sequestered O -by O -lysosomes O -, O -which O -may O -function O -as O -storage O -depots O -for O -the O -transmitter O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -3H O -] O -Dopamine B-Chemical -, O -[ O -3H O -] O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -- O -N O -- O -acetylgalactosamine O -injected O -into O -the O -serotonergic O -neuron O -were O -not O -localized O -in O -lysosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Lysosomes O -might O -accumulate O -the O -transmitter O -with O -a O -high O -degree O -of O -specificity O -because O -they O -contain O -membranes O -, O -perhaps O -recycled O -from O -the O -neuron O -' O -s O -synaptic O -terminals O -, O -that O -retain O -their O -ability O -to O -concentrate O -and O -bind O -serotonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -disulfide O -reduction O -by O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -the O -size O -of O -the O -M O -( O -r O -) O -15 O -, O -000 O -and O -6000 O -somatostatin O -- O -like O -species O -was O -assessed O -either O -by O -molecular O -sieve O -filtration O -or O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -1 O -- O -13c O -] O -Glucose B-Chemical -and O -[ O -6 O -- O -13C O -] O -glucose B-Chemical -were O -fed O -to O -suspensions O -of O -yeast O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -was O -well O -fitted O -by O -a O -Michaelis O -- O -Menten O -model O -, O -assuming O -competition O -of O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -for O -the O -same O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -13C O -label O -, O -introduced O -only O -as O -[ O -- O -13C O -] O -- O -or O -[ O -6 O -- O -13C O -] O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -was O -observed O -in O -Fru O -- O -P2 O -in O -both O -the O -C1 O -and O -C6 O -positions O -, O -simultaneously O -. O - -aps B-category -Uroporphyrinogen O -I O -synthase O -[ O -porphobilinogen O -ammonia B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lyase I-Chemical -( O -polymerizing O -) O -, O -EC O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -8 O -] O -from O -human O -erythrocytes O -was O -separated O -into O -two O -active O -protein O -peaks O -( O -A O -and O -B O -on O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -, O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -fractionation O -, O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -100 O -, O -and O -on O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -A O -- O -50 O -with O -a O -NaCl B-Chemical -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -Transport O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -: O -role O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -and O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -. O - -aps B-category -According O -to O -this O -idea O -, O -the O -latter O -are O -translocated O -into O -the O -cell O -where O -the O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -moiety O -is O -removed O -to O -yield O -free O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -now O -directly O -examined O -the O -transport O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -into O -tissues O -in O -the O -mouse O -by O -use O -of O -the O -model O -substrate O -L O -- O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -L O -- O -[ O -14C O -] O -methionine B-Chemical -sulfone O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -with O -a O -number O -of O -other O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -compounds O -indicate O -that O -the O -kidney O -has O -a O -relatively O -specific O -transport O -system O -for O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -both O -the O -transpeptidase O -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -may O -be O -involved O -in O -transport O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -aminobenzylpropranolol O -displayed O -a O -prolonged O -blockade O -of O -receptors O -that O -was O -maintained O -during O -several O -hours O -of O -washing O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -0 O -. O -1 O -and O -10 O -muM O -aminobenzylpropranolol O -produced O -decreases O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -and O -2 O -orders O -of O -magnitude O -in O -the O -contractile O -potency O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Repeated O -exposures O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -at O -concentrations O -sufficient O -to O -produce O -maximal O -tension O -development O -also O -failed O -to O -alleviate O -the O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -suggest O -that O -catecholamines B-Chemical -are O -capable O -of O -eliciting O -full O -biological O -responses O -in O -glioma O -cells O -and O -isolated O -atria O -even O -though O -the O -great O -majority O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -are O -persistently O -blocked O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cellular O -localization O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -[ O -GSase O -; O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -: O -ammonia B-Chemical -ligase O -( O -ADP O -) O -- O -forming O -) O -, O -EC O -6 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -] O -induced O -by O -cortisol B-Chemical -in O -the O -neural O -retina O -of O -chicken O -embryos O -was O -investigated O -by O -immunostaining O -with O -GSase O -- O -specific O -antiserum O -and O -indirect O -immunofluorescence O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -incubated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -6 O -muM O -) O -, O -the O -syntheses O -of O -these O -arachidonic O -acid O -metabolites O -are O -stimulated O -3 O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -' O -s O -stimulation O -is O -also O -inhibited O -by O -low O -concentrations O -of O -dihydroergotamine O -, O -bromocryptine O -, O -ergocryptine O -, O -and O -ergotamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -phenoxybenzamine O -nor O -ergotamine B-Chemical -at O -concentrations O -that O -block O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -' O -s O -stimulation O -of O -PG O -biosynthesis O -suppresses O -the O -increase O -in O -PG O -synthesis O -induced O -by O -exogenous O -arachidonic O -acid O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -regulation O -is O -not O -occurring O -primarily O -at O -the O -cyclooxygenase O -step O -in O -the O -metabolism O -of O -arachidonic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Taken O -together O -, O -these O -results O -suggest O -that O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -stimulation O -promotes O -the O -deacylation O -of O -phospholipids O -by O -MDCK O -cells O -whereas O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -mechanisms O -lead B-Chemical -to O -activation O -of O -similar O -pathways O -in O -WEHI O -- O -5 O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -the O -glands O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -the O -development O -of O -intracellular O -spaces O -within O -the O -parietal O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -D O -- O -and O -L O -- O -enantiomers O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -, O -AMP O -and O -ADP O -and O -their O -2 O -- O -chloro O -- O -and O -2 O -- O -azido O -- O -analogues O -on O -human O -platelets O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -synthesized O -L O -- O -enantiomers O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -, O -AMP O -and O -ADP O -, O -together O -with O -their O -corresponding O -photolysable O -2 O -- O -azido O -analogues O -so O -that O -platelet O -receptors O -could O -be O -tested O -for O -stereospecificity O -. O - -aps B-category -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Azido I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -, O -AMP O -and O -ADP O -are O -proposed O -as O -useful O -controls O -in O -photoaffinity O -experiments O -for O -non O -- O -specific O -labelling O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracellular O -recording O -indicated O -that O -perfusion O -with O -substance O -P O -caused O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -membrane O -depolarization O -which O -was O -unaffected O -by O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -, O -hyoscine B-Chemical -, O -naloxone B-Chemical -or O -baclofen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -acylcoenzyme O -A O -: O -cholesterol B-Chemical -o O -- O -acyltransferase O -in O -cholesterol B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Peripheral O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -memory O -: O -characteristics O -of O -syrosingopine O -- O -induced O -amnesia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -peripheral O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -memory O -formation O -was O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -5 O -' O -- O -guanylylimidodiphosphate O -to O -the O -SHR O -myocardial O -preparation O -again O -yielded O -a O -lessened O -sensitivity O -to O -all O -agents O -except O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -treatment O -with O -a O -low O -dose O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -did O -not O -alter O -myocardial O -responses O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -sleep O -laboratory O -hypnotic O -drug O -evaluation O -study O -was O -conducted O -in O -which O -2 O -mg O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -, O -a O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -with O -a O -half O -life O -of O -intermediate O -duration O -, O -was O -administered O -nightly O -to O -6 O -insomniac O -subjects O -for O -4 O -consecutive O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Dual O -histamine B-Chemical -receptor O -mechanism O -in O -guinea O -- O -pig O -lung O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -order O -of O -the O -relative O -activity O -of O -the O -spasmogens O -was O -2 O -- O -methylhistamine O -( O -2 O -- O -MeH O -) O -greater O -than O -histamine B-Chemical -greater O -than O -carbachol B-Chemical -greater O -than O -2 O -- O -pyridylethylamine O -( O -2 O -- O -PE O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Metiamide O -( O -a O -selective O -H2 O -- O -antagonist O -: O -5 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -mol O -/ O -l O -inhibited O -or O -reversed O -relaxations O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -dimaprit O -and O -4 O -- O -MeH O -, O -and O -significantly O -enhanced O -contractile O -responses O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -without O -altering O -responses O -to O -carbachol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -investigation O -shows O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -histamine B-Chemical -is O -more O -active O -than O -carbachol B-Chemical -in O -GPLS O -and O -( O -2 O -) O -the O -occurrence O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -- O -receptors O -mediating O -contraction O -and O -H2 O -- O -receptors O -mediating O -relaxation O -in O -guinea O -- O -pig O -lung O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -- O -blocking O -agents O -on O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -aggregation O -of O -human O -platelets O -does O -not O -parallel O -that O -on O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contraction O -of O -rabbit O -aortic O -strips O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -other O -ergoline O -derivatives O -testes O -, O -only O -lisuride O -has O -a O -stronger O -inhibitory O -effect O -than O -those O -of O -natural O -ergot B-Chemical -alkaloids O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -acute O -experiments O -on O -pregnant O -sows O -under O -sodium B-Chemical -pentobarbitone O -anaesthesia O -, O -acid O -base O -balance O -, O -oxygenation O -and O -plasma O -metabolite O -concentrations O -were O -well O -maintained O -in O -the O -dam O -and O -all O -fetuses O -which O -remained O -undisturbed O -in O -utero O -, O -irrespective O -of O -the O -duration O -of O -the O -experiment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -1 O -1 O -/ O -2 O -- O -- O -2 O -h O -sampling O -period O -following O -catheterization O -the O -normal O -positive O -umbilical O -venous O -- O -arterial O -differences O -in O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -lactate B-Chemical -generally O -became O -reversed O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -which O -were O -each O -infused O -intravenously O -at O -2 O -. O -7 O -- O -- O -3 O -. O -9 O -or O -0 O -. O -6 O -- O -- O -0 O -. O -9 O -microgram O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -the O -relative O -activity O -of O -the O -purified O -placental O -NAD O -- O -and O -NADP O -- O -linked O -15 O -- O -hydroxyprostaglandin O -dehydrogenases O -with O -various O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -and O -thromboxane B-Chemical -B2 I-Chemical -( O -TxB2 O -) O -suggests O -that O -most O -, O -if O -not O -all O -, O -oxidation O -in O -the O -placenta O -of O -the O -15 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyl I-Chemical -group O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -of O -the O -A O -, O -E O -, O -and O -F O -series O -as O -well O -as O -PGI2 B-Chemical -( O -prostacyclin B-Chemical -) O -and O -6 O -- O -keto O -PGF1 O -alpha O -is O -catalyzed O -by O -the O -NAD O -- O -linked O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Thromboxane B-Chemical -B2 I-Chemical -is O -not O -oxidized O -by O -the O -NAD O -- O -linked O -enzyme O -and O -is O -oxidized O -slowly O -by O -the O -NADP O -- O -linked O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -vessels O -contained O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -- O -receptors O -and O -tryptamine O -D O -- O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -drugs O -on O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -glucagon O -in O -Japanese O -quail O -: O -a O -preliminary O -report O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -three O -relatively O -selective O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonists O -( O -terbutaline B-Chemical -, O -salbutamol B-Chemical -and O -reproterol O -) O -produced O -dose O -- O -related O -hyperglycemia O -and O -hypoglucagonemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypocapnia O -, O -induced O -by O -mechanical O -hyperventilation O -, O -resulted O -in O -intracellular O -alkalosis O -within O -skeletal O -muscle O -during O -both O -respiratory O -alkalosis O -and O -compensated O -metabolic O -acidosis O -; O -changes O -of O -skeletal O -muscle O -intracellular O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -per O -unit O -change O -in O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -were O -identical O -during O -these O -two O -experimental O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -constant O -heart O -rate O -and O -blood O -volume O -, O -both O -before O -and O -during O -saline O -infusion O -, O -end O -- O -diastolic O -MCL O -was O -not O -influenced O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -or O -propranolol B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -blood O -volume O -expansion O -increased O -SV O -more O -at O -low O -than O -at O -high O -HR O -( O -k O -increased O -) O -, O -but O -HR0 O -was O -not O -significantly O -changed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulatory O -effect O -of O -insulin O -on O -heart O -rate O -was O -not O -influenced O -by O -autonomic O -nervous O -blockade O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -or O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -plus O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Oxygen O -uptake O -, O -arterial O -pressure O -, O -heart O -rate O -, O -leg O -blood O -flow O -and O -arterial O -- O -femoral O -venous O -differences O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -lactate B-Chemical -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -rest O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -release O -was O -abolished O -from O -the O -blocked O -leg O -, O -and O -during O -exercise O -the O -release O -was O -reduced O -by O -50 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Colloidal O -gold B-Chemical -probes O -- O -- O -a O -further O -evaluation O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -parameters O -involved O -in O -the O -preparation O -and O -stability O -of O -gold B-Chemical -markers O -of O -various O -sizes O -and O -of O -probes O -have O -been O -reviewed O -and O -modifications O -in O -methodology O -suggested O -based O -on O -a O -study O -of O -factors O -affecting O -the O -performance O -of O -the O -gold B-Chemical -marker O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -main O -therapy O -relies O -on O -selective O -beta O -- O -agonists O -in O -combination O -with O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Regression O -of O -these O -two O -abnormalities O -is O -obtained O -after O -administration O -of O -prednisolone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -studies O -have O -shown O -that O -the O -explanation O -given O -for O -the O -analgesic O -effects O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -based O -only O -upon O -modification O -of O -pain O -interpretation O -is O -not O -valid O -at O -the O -present O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -attempted O -to O -use O -this O -interpretation O -to O -explain O -the O -regular O -and O -constant O -efficacy O -of O -tiapride B-Chemical -against O -pain O -generally O -and O -particularly O -in O -headaches O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -messenger O -function O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -cell O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -propose O -that O -the O -inhibition O -of O -protein O -synthesis O -by O -patulin O -may O -result O -from O -an O -interaction O -of O -the O -drug O -with O -active O -SH O -groups O -at O -the O -membrane O -level O -( O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -, O -ion O -equilibrium O -) O -and O -/ O -or O -at O -the O -cytoplasmic O -level O -( O -enzymes O -and O -factors O -involved O -in O -the O -translational O -process O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -initial O -increase O -in O -pH O -that O -promotes O -greater O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -of O -aggregation O -by O -PGE1 B-Chemical -or O -cyclic O -AMP O -was O -facilitated O -as O -a O -result O -of O -storage O -. O - -aps B-category -Intercellular O -junctions O -permeable O -to O -fluorescein B-Chemical -Na O -were O -studied O -with O -the O -aid O -of O -intracellular O -glass O -microelectrodes O -in O -the O -cultures O -of O -transformed O -mouse O -- O -embryo O -cells O -( O -L O -- O -strain O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Lack O -of O -concordance O -with O -occurrence O -of O -oestrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -receptor O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -demonstrate O -that O -the O -FF O -- O -technique O -detects O -all O -types O -of O -mammary O -carcinoma O -cells O -irrespective O -of O -their O -concentration O -of O -oestrogen B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -of O -tibial O -metaphyses O -to O -pharmacologic O -levels O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -in O -uremic O -rats O -fed O -a O -low O -calcium B-Chemical -diet O -was O -evaluated O -morphometrically O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pathogenesis O -of O -worsening O -osteomalacia O -as O -a O -consequence O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -administration O -to O -uremic O -rats O -on O -a O -low O -calcium B-Chemical -diet O -remains O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -, O -in O -a O -dose O -of O -3 O -mmol O -/ O -kg O -, O -was O -administered O -intraperitoneally O -twice O -daily O -to O -young O -rats O -for O -periods O -up O -to O -12 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -UTP O -deficiency O -was O -excluded O -by O -simultaneous O -uridine B-Chemical -injections O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -marked O -, O -although O -transient O -, O -drop O -in O -the O -hepatic O -content O -of O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -triggered O -the O -catabolism O -of O -adenine O -nucleotides O -and O -a O -loss O -of O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -with O -time O -, O -repeated O -doses O -of O -the O -galactose B-Chemical -analog O -led O -to O -retardation O -and O -arrest O -of O -growth O -, O -hepatomegaly O -, O -and O -splenomegaly O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphate O -trapping O -and O -its O -metabolic O -consequences O -are O -common O -phenomena O -in O -the O -experimental O -injury O -induced O -b O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -and O -in O -some O -hereditary O -diseases O -such O -as O -uridylyltransferase O -deficiency O -galactosaemia O -, O -fructose O -intolerance O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphatase I-Chemical -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -parameters O -of O -cell O -population O -kinetics O -of O -symmetrical O -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dimethylhydrazine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -colonic O -neoplasms O -and O -their O -adjacent O -colonic O -mucosa O -in O -the O -mouse O -were O -analyzed O -using O -the O -fraction O -labeled O -- O -mitoses O -curve O -method O -and O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -three O -groups O -of O -epithelial O -cells O -in O -the O -crypt O -of O -the O -descending O -colon O -of O -normal O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -Incorporation O -of O -tritiated O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -uridine B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -untreated O -and O -actinomycin O -D O -treated O -HeLa O -cells O -by O -high O -resolution O -autoradiography O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -cells O -pretreated O -with O -actinomycin O -D O -were O -incubated O -with O -radioactive O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -uridine B-Chemical -, O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -uptake O -in O -the O -nucleolus O -still O -occurred O -, O -while O -uridine B-Chemical -uptake O -was O -almost O -completely O -eliminated O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Use O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -and O -anabolic O -steroids B-Chemical -in O -ischemic O -heart O -disease O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -and O -ATP O -were O -injected O -in O -the O -carotid O -artery O -and O -the O -blood O -samples O -were O -withdrawn O -from O -the O -portal O -vein O -. O - -aps B-category -ATP O -could O -increase O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -diabetic O -rats O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -could O -be O -possible O -that O -one O -of O -the O -causes O -of O -diabetes O -is O -a O -defect O -in O -the O -purinergic O -innervation O -of O -the O -islet O -cells O -thus O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -islets O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -is O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Skeletal O -muscles O -and O -the O -potassium B-Chemical -balance O -in O -acute O -massive O -blood O -loss O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -medazepam O -, O -desipramin O -and O -a O -new O -substance O -, O -the O -MPP O -- O -sulton O -, O -caused O -significant O -modification O -in O -latency O -and O -amplitude O -of O -some O -components O -of O -the O -potentials O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -nucleotide B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -the O -mouse O -spleen O -after O -treatment O -with O -tilorone O -hydrochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -and O -thyroid O -resection O -for O -thyperthyroidism O -. O - -aps B-category -GvHD O -developed O -in O -4 O -patients O -and O -was O -treated O -successfully O -in O -3 O -with O -high O -dose O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -antilymphocytic O -globulin O -( O -ALG O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -hypertension O -was O -induced O -by O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -or O -angiotensin B-Chemical -in O -awake O -unrestrained O -rats O -with O -chronic O -indwelling O -catheters O -in O -a O -jugular O -vein O -and O -in O -the O -aorta O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -likely O -that O -the O -enhanced O -vulnerability O -of O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -to O -an O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -increase O -in O -blood O -pressure O -is O -due O -to O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -stimulating O -effect O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -in O -bicuculline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -seizures O -, O -the O -protein O -leakage O -is O -enhanced O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -, O -neonatally O -sympathectomized O -by O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -, O -had O -significantly O -increased O -extravasation O -of O -125I O -serum O -albumin O -in O -the O -brain O -after O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hypertension O -than O -nonsympathectomized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -calcium B-Chemical -selective O -electrode O -- O -- O -a O -possible O -tool O -in O -dental O -research O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -calcium B-Chemical -electrode O -responds O -in O -accordance O -with O -the O -Nernst O -equation O -and O -has O -a O -theoretical O -range O -of O -1 O -- O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -Ca2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Best O -linearity O -in O -calibration O -curves O -for O -Ca2 O -+ O -in O -lactate B-Chemical -buffers O -is O -found O -in O -concentrations O -from O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -to O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -M O -Ca O -. O - -aps B-category -Coronal O -odontoblast O -- O -predentin O -tissue O -was O -taken O -from O -intact O -teeth O -and O -from O -teeth O -with O -carious O -lesions O -of O -varying O -depths O -, O -and O -the O -samples O -( O -20 O -, O -200 O -x O -g O -, O -saline O -- O -soluble O -fractions O -) O -were O -studied O -for O -their O -ability O -to O -hydrolyze O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -( O -ATP O -) O -and O -phosphoserine O -. O - -aps B-category -Relationships O -between O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tensions O -and O -acid O -- O -base O -balance O -in O -arterial O -blood O -and O -in O -medullary O -blood O -from O -long O -bones O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -semilogarithmic O -correlation O -was O -found O -between O -the O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -and O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -in O -the O -medullary O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -on O -isolated O -human O -peripheral O -arteries O -and O -veins O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -contractions O -were O -not O -diminished O -by O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -or O -by O -washing O -, O -but O -were O -abolished O -by O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -antagonist O -nifedipine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Immersion O -of O -vein O -preparations O -in O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -medium O -for O -30 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -change O -of O -the O -extracellular O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -from O -4 O -. O -6 O -to O -6 O -. O -9 O -and O -9 O -. O -2 O -mM O -caused O -relaxation O -, O -and O -a O -further O -increase O -to O -13 O -. O -8 O -mM O -contracted O -the O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -digoxin B-Chemical -has O -a O -direct O -contractile O -effect O -on O -isolated O -human O -crural O -vessels O -, O -and O -that O -this O -effect O -is O -dependent O -on O -the O -extracellular O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Vascular O -responses O -to O -changes O -in O -extracellular O -potassium B-Chemical -concentration O -are O -influenced O -by O -digoxin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drug O -did O -not O -exert O -its O -effect O -via O -the O -sympathetic O -postganglionic O -nerves O -; O -and O -it O -was O -not O -taken O -up O -by O -the O -neuronal O -amine B-Chemical -pump O -. O - -aps B-category -Connective O -tissue O -changes O -in O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -and O -the O -use O -of O -penicillamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -symbionts O -displayed O -limited O -growth O -and O -survival O -for O -over O -80 O -days O -in O -a O -medium O -with O -succinate O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -as O -main O -substrates O -, O -and O -supplemented O -with O -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -18 O -patients O -with O -documented O -ischaemic O -heart O -disease O -the O -cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -iv O -) O -were O -studied O -under O -three O -different O -conditions O -: O -1 O -. O -in O -awake O -premedicated O -patients O -( O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -; O -2 O -. O -after O -the O -previous O -administration O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -015 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -iv O -, O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -and O -3 O -. O -under O -conditions O -of O -neuroleptanalgesia O -and O -muscle O -relaxation O -( O -n O -= O -6 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pretreatment I-Chemical -abolished O -the O -fall O -in O -cardiac O -index O -and O -stroke O -index O -which O -occured O -in O -patients O -given O -ketamine B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptanalgesia O -and O -muscle O -relaxation O -also O -proved O -effective O -in O -controlling O -the O -sympathomimetic O -actions O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -improved O -method O -for O -the O -separation O -of O -peptides O -and O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -on O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Sephadex I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Physiologic O -effects O -of O -succinylcholine B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -in O -mechanically O -ventilated O -horses O -anesthetized O -with O -halothane B-Chemical -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -effects O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -anesthesia O -and O -mechanical O -ventilation O -prevented O -cardiac O -dysrhythmia O -and O -hypertension O -and O -greatly O -reduced O -the O -tachycardia O -generally O -associated O -with O -siccinylcholine O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Dogs O -were O -able O -to O -produce O -only O -small O -quantities O -of O -circulating O -interferon B-Chemical -after O -intraperitonal O -injection O -of O -Newcastle O -disease O -virus O -or O -polyinosinic O -- O -polycytidylic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antiviral O -substance O -met O -the O -physiochemical O -characteristics O -classically O -associated O -with O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -modification O -of O -the O -plate O -epi O -- O -immunofluorescence O -test O -was O -found O -to O -be O -a O -reliable O -method O -for O -the O -positive O -identification O -of O -colonies O -of O -Moraxella O -bovis O -when O -fluorescein B-Chemical -isothiocyanate O -- O -conjugated O -globulin O -prepared O -against O -pili O -from O -selected O -strains O -of O -M O -bovis O -was O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -, O -a O -dichloro O -- O -3 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -1 O -, O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepine I-Chemical -, O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -a O -potent O -anticonvulsant O -in O -animal O -models O -of O -epilsepsy O -and O -has O -minimal O -depressant O -effects O -on O -respiration O -and O -circulation O -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -appears O -to O -be O -an O -effective O -and O -safe O -drug O -for O -treatment O -of O -status O -epilepticus O -, O -with O -a O -duration O -of O -control O -longer O -than O -that O -achieved O -with O -diazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -To O -assess O -the O -efficacy O -of O -oral O -erythromycin B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -nonspecific O -vaginitis O -( O -NSV O -) O -, O -conducted O -a O -nonrandom O -, O -unblinded O -pilot O -study O -among O -17 O -women O -with O -symptoms O -and O -signs O -of O -NSV O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -susceptibility O -of O -27 O -clinical O -isolates O -of O -H O -. O -vaginalis O -to O -erythromycin B-Chemical -was O -determined O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -, O -6 O -. O -0 O -, O -6 O -. O -5 O -, O -and O -7 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Alaphosphin O -was O -equally O -effective O -against O -penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -susceptible I-Chemical -and O -- O -resistant O -strains O -and O -showed O -no O -cross O -- O -resistance O -with O -known O -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -compounds O -were O -also O -found O -to O -increase O -basal O -and O -evoked O -release O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -from O -synaptosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -general O -, O -as O -the O -degree O -of O -Mg O -+ O -+ O -- O -ATPase O -inhibition O -increased O -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -release O -was O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -and O -biochemical O -studies O -on O -a O -new O -potential O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -, O -N O -- O -( O -1 O -- O -benzyl O -- O -3 O -- O -pyrrolidinyl O -) O -- O -5 O -- O -chloro O -- O -2 O -- O -methoxy O -- O -4 O -- O -methylaminobenzamide O -( O -YM O -- O -08050 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -YM O -- O -08050 O -was O -more O -potent O -than O -either O -HPD O -or O -CPZ O -in O -inhibitory O -effects O -on O -a O -variety O -of O -behaviors O -such O -as O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -stereotypes O -behavior O -and O -emesis O -, O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -stereotyped O -behavior O -, O -conditioned O -avoidance O -response O -and O -open O -field O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -rodent O -antinociceptive O -test O -, O -the O -action O -of O -20681 O -- O -S O -was O -more O -potent O -and O -of O -longer O -duration O -than O -that O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -of O -cyclazocine O -after O -subcutaneous O -or O -oral O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -compounds O -possessed O -potent O -narcotic O -antagonistic O -activities O -, O -20682 O -- O -S O -being O -more O -active O -than O -naloxone B-Chemical -and O -oxilorphan O -and O -20681 O -- O -S O -being O -equipotent O -with O -cyclazocine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulus O -- O -response O -relationships O -were O -all O -found O -to O -be O -non O -- O -linear O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -predictions O -of O -classical O -receptor O -theory O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -granules O -occur O -near O -to O -others O -that O -are O -less O -dense O -, O -unreactive O -to O -" O -Masson O -" O -, O -and O -that O -contain O -an O -argyrophilic O -matrix O -, O -with O -an O -eccentric O -electron O -dense O -core O -, O -which O -does O -not O -react O -with O -silver B-Chemical -; O -" O -F O -- O -like O -" O -cells O -contain O -granules O -which O -are O -variable O -in O -shape O -, O -size O -and O -osmiophilia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -obtain O -an O -estimate O -of O -the O -range O -of O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -resistance O -regulation O -in O -the O -coronary O -vascular O -system O -, O -the O -following O -studies O -were O -performed O -: O -in O -15 O -anesthetized O -dogs O -the O -circumflex O -coronary O -artery O -was O -cannulated O -and O -perfused O -with O -above O -- O -normal O -constant O -pressure O -to O -that O -coronary O -venous O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -never O -fell O -below O -40 O -mmHg O -. O - -aps B-category -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -that O -binding O -to O -the O -s2 O -- O -subsite O -of O -papain O -may O -be O -coupled O -with O -catalytically O -relevant O -structural O -change O -involving O -the O -cysteine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -25 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -histidine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -159 I-Chemical -diad O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -short O -- O -chain O -probes O -, O -2 O -, O -2 O -' O -- O -dipyridyl O -disulphide O -and O -n O -- O -propyl O -2 O -- O -pyridyl O -disulphide O -, O -react O -at O -pH6 O -in O -adsorptive O -complexes O -and O -/ O -or O -transition O -states O -with O -geometries O -that O -do O -not O -permit O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bonding I-Chemical -of O -the O -pyridyl O -nitrogen B-Chemical -atom O -with O -the O -active O -- O -centre O -imidazolium O -ion O -, O -as O -evidenced O -by O -the O -rate O -minima O -at O -pH6 O -and O -the O -rate O -maxima O -at O -pH4 O -provided O -by O -reagent O -protonation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dependence O -on O -pH O -in O -acidic O -media O -of O -k O -for O -the O -reaction O -of O -2 O -, O -2 O -' O -- O -dipyridyl O -disulphide O -with O -actinidin O -, O -the O -thiol B-Chemical -proteinase O -from O -Actinidia O -chinensis O -, O -was O -shown O -to O -differ O -from O -the O -forms O -of O -pH O -- O -dependence O -observed O -for O -the O -analogous O -reactions O -with O -papain O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -22 O -. O -2 O -) O -and O -ficin O -( O -3 O -. O -4 O -. O -22 O -. O -3 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Wheat O -- O -germ O -aspartate B-Chemical -transcarbamoylase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -chloroperoxidase O -, O -indole O -was O -oxidized O -by O -H2O2 B-Chemical -to O -give O -oxindole O -as O -the O -major O -product O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -the O -possibility O -that O -chloroperoxidase O -oxidation O -of O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -atom O -adjacent O -to O -the O -nitrogen B-Chemical -atom O -in O -part O -results O -from O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bonding I-Chemical -of O -the O -substrate O -N O -- O -H O -group O -to O -the O -enzyme O -active O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -Periodate O -- O -oxidized O -NADP O -+ O -inhibits O -the O -catalytic O -activity O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Candida O -utilis O -, O -competing O -with O -NADP O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -showed O -the O -lack O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -and O -cystine O -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -polypeptide O -chain O -was O -determined O -to O -be O -32800 O -+ O -/ O -- O -800 O -by O -sedimentation O -equilibrium O -in O -6 O -M O -- O -guanidinium O -chloride B-Chemical -and O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -- O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -. O - -aps B-category -Linked O -transport O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -potassium B-Chemical -ions O -and O -protons O -in O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -administration O -of O -pyrazole O -in O -the O -diet O -of O -rats O -does O -not O -cause O -toxicity O -and O -prevents O -the O -chronic O -effects O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -on O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -the O -redox O -states O -of O -the O -hepatic O -NAD O -( O -P O -) O -couples O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -liver O -tryptophan B-Chemical -pyrrolase O -activity O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -brain O -tryptophan B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -effects O -of O -9 O -, O -10 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anthraquinone I-Chemical -and O -9 O -, O -10 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anthraquinone I-Chemical -2 O -- O -sulphonate O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -dithionite O -suggested O -that O -the O -site O -of O -attack O -of O -redox O -reagents O -was O -protected O -behind O -a O -hydrophobic O -barrier O -from O -the O -external O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -the O -regulation O -of O -acetyl O -- O -coenzyme O -A O -carboxylase O -in O -rat O -epididymal O -adipose O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Incorporation O -of O -32Pi O -into O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -within O -intact O -fat O -- O -cells O -was O -investigated O -and O -evidence O -is O -presented O -that O -adrenaline B-Chemical -increases O -the O -extent O -of O -phosphorylation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -on O -the O -kinetic O -properties O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -disappear O -if O -pad O -or O -cell O -extracts O -are O -treated O -with O -Mg2 O -+ O -and O -Ca2 O -+ O -under O -conditions O -that O -also O -lead B-Chemical -to O -dephosphorylation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distribution O -of O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -1 O -- O -acyl O -- O -2 O -- O -[ O -1 O -- O -14C O -] O -arachidonoyl O -- O -sn O -- O -glycero O -- O -3 O -- O -phosphocholine O -and O -the O -simultaneous O -biosynthesis O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -by O -subcellular O -fractions O -from O -human O -and O -rat O -skin O -membrane O -preparations O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydrolysis O -of O -phosphatidylcholine O -by O -the O -skin O -105000g O -particulate O -fraction O -was O -inhibited O -by O -cortisol B-Chemical -and O -triamcinolone B-Chemical -acetonide O -and O -it O -was O -stimulated O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -bradykinin B-Chemical -, O -retinoic O -acid O -and O -cholera O -enterotoxin O -( O -freeze O -- O -dried O -Vibrio O -cholerae O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -last O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -amplication O -of O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -phosphatidylcholine O -by O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F2 I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -, O -with O -the O -consequent O -release O -of O -arachidonic O -acid O -( O -the O -substrate O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthesis O -) O -is O -likely O -a O -positive O -- O -feedback O -regulation O -of O -the O -arachidonic O -acid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -prostaglandin I-Chemical -cascade O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -islet O -content O -of O -2 O -- O -oxo O -acid O -radioactivity O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -either O -2 O -- O -cyano O -- O -3 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -cinnamate O -( O -10mM O -) O -or O -pyruvate B-Chemical -( O -10mM O -) O -, O -although O -both O -these O -substances O -inhibited O -the O -oxidation O -of O -[ O -U O -- O -14C O -] O -4 O -- O -methyl O -- O -2 O -- O -oxopentanoate O -by O -islet O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -with O -the O -3H O -- O -and O -14C O -- O -labelled O -substrate O -revealed O -that O -4 O -- O -methyl O -- O -2 O -- O -oxopentanoate O -was O -incorporated O -by O -islets O -into O -CO2 O -, O -water O -, O -acetoacetate O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -and O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -into O -islet O -protein O -and O -lipid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amination O -of O -4 O -- O -methyl O -- O -2 O -- O -oxopentanoate O -by O -islets O -was O -attributed O -to O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -branched O -- O -chain O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -42 O -) O -activity O -in O -the O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -islet O -[ O -NADPH B-Chemical -] O -/ O -[ O -NADP O -+ O -] O -ratio O -, O -however O -, O -was O -tightly O -correlated O -with O -parameters O -of O -metabolic O -flux O -, O -45Ca O -uptake O -and O -insulin O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -accumulation O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -in O -the O -soluble O -cell O -pool O -is O -pH O -- O -independent O -at O -a O -value O -equivalent O -to O -100 O -mV O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -uptake O -is O -the O -result O -of O -a O -kinetic O -steady O -state O -between O -influx O -and O -efflux O -pathways O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -Ki O -for O -Mn2 O -" O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -8 O -micro O -M O -. O -Inhibition O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -by O -intracellular O -Mn2 O -+ O -may O -contribute O -to O -the O -very O -low O -rates O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -observed O -in O -perfused O -liver O -and O -isolated O -hepatocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -" O -aldehyde B-Chemical -oxidase O -" O -is O -an O -iminium O -oxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Structure O -of O -leukotriene O -C O -. O -Identification O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -part O -. O - -aps B-category -Baboons O -anaesthetized O -with O -halothane B-Chemical -and O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -were O -given O -Althesin B-Chemical -0 O -. O -05 O -ml O -kg O -- O -1 O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -produced O -by O -Althesin B-Chemical -, O -while O -e O -. O -c O -. O -f O -. O - -aps B-category -pH O -cannot O -have O -initiated O -the O -increase O -in O -carVR O -which O -followed O -the O -cerebral O -matabolic O -depression O -produced O -by O -Althesin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -After O -acute O -intravenous O -administration O -labetalol B-Chemical -reduced O -mean O -values O -for O -BP O -, O -total O -peripheral O -resistance O -, O -heart O -rate O -and O -cardiac O -output O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Left O -ventricular O -filling O -pressures O -and O -stroke O -volume O -/ O -filling O -pressure O -ratios O -were O -not O -significantly O -altered O -after O -intravenous O -labetalol B-Chemical -compared O -with O -pretreatment O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -After O -long O -- O -term O -oral O -labetalol B-Chemical -, O -the O -most O -striking O -haemodynamic O -change O -was O -in O -the O -elevated O -resting O -stroke O -volume O -supine O -and O -standing O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -The O -pharmacological O -and O -therapeutic O -effects O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -were O -investigated O -during O -an O -8 O -h O -interdose O -period O -of O -chronic O -oral O -therapy O -in O -six O -patients O -with O -essential O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blockade O -paralleled O -the O -changes O -in O -labetalol B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -was O -maximal O -2 O -and O -4 O -h O -after O -the O -oral O -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -- O -blind O -crossover O -comparison O -of O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -atenolol B-Chemical -and O -labetalol B-Chemical -in O -mild O -to O -moderate O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Considerable O -differences O -in O -dose O -( O -atenolol B-Chemical -138 O -+ O -/ O -- O -13 O -mg O -daily O -; O -labetalol B-Chemical -308 O -+ O -/ O -- O -34 O -mg O -daily O -; O -metoprolol B-Chemical -234 O -+ O -/ O -- O -22 O -mg O -daily O -; O -and O -pindolol B-Chemical -24 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -mg O -daily O -were O -required O -to O -produce O -similar O -antihypertensive O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Sleep O -disturbances O -and O -abnormal O -dreaming O -patterns O -were O -most O -frequent O -with O -pindolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -pharmacology O -of O -labetalol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -striatal O -m O -- O -tyramine O -showed O -a O -tendency O -to O -increase O -, O -although O -only O -in O -the O -cases O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -butaclamol O -were O -the O -differences O -statistically O -significant O -. O -3 O -Administration O -of O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -to O -mice O -pretreated O -with O -tranylcypromine B-Chemical -or O -clorgyline O -produced O -a O -significant O -reduction O -in O -striatal O -p O -- O -tyramine O -when O -compared O -with O -the O -concentrations O -obtained O -in O -mice O -given O -a O -monoamine O -oxidase O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -changes O -were O -observed O -in O -striatal O -m O -- O -tyramine O -concentrations O -after O -apomorphine B-Chemical -, O -piribedil O -or O -lergotrile O -; O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -p I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -produced O -a O -reduction O -in O -its O -concentration O -. O -5 O -Drugs O -that O -impair O -amine B-Chemical -storage O -( O -reserpine B-Chemical -, O -tetrabenazine B-Chemical -, O -oxypertine O -) O -reduced O -striatal O -concentrations O -of O -p O -- O -tyramine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -actions O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -and O -histamine B-Chemical -on O -the O -isolated O -ileum O -of O -the O -tree O -shrew O -( O -Tupaia O -glis O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -In O -the O -Tupaia O -and O -rat O -ileum O -the O -contraction O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -was O -reduced O -by O -methysergide B-Chemical -but O -not O -affected O -by O -tetrodotoxin O -( O -TTX O -) O -, O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -( O -C6 O -) O -or O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -Histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contraction O -of O -Tupaia O -and O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileum O -was O -antagonized O -by O -diphenhydramine B-Chemical -but O -not O -by O -TTX O -, O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -C6 O -or O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolism O -of O -fazadinium O -bromide B-Chemical -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Ranitidine B-Chemical -( O -AH O -19065 O -) O -: O -a O -new O -potent O -, O -selective O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -an O -in O -vitro O -hippocampal O -slice O -preparation O -in O -studies O -of O -the O -actions O -of O -the O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -conflicting O -reports O -of O -the O -actions O -of O -the O -antiparkinsonian O -agent O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -prolyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -amide O -( O -PLG O -, O -MIF O -- O -I O -) O -on O -the O -turnover O -of O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -, O -this O -process O -was O -reinvestigated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -our O -MIF O -- O -I O -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -IP O -) O -did O -not O -change O -endogenous O -dihydroxyphenylacetic O -acid O -( O -DOPAC B-Chemical -) O -or O -homovanillic O -acid O -( O -HVA O -) O -in O -rat O -striatum O -. O - -aps B-category -have O -proposed O -for O -the O -screening O -of O -anti O -- O -depressive O -drugs O -, O -is O -able O -to O -reveal O -thymoanaleptic O -and O -/ O -or O -desinhibitory O -properties O -of O -several O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -desinhibiting I-Chemical -substances O -such O -as O -thioproperazine O -, O -carpipramine O -and O -sulpiride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -two O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -( O -pipotiazine O -and O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -) O -and O -five O -long O -- O -acting O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -( O -pipotiazine O -undecylenate O -and O -palmitate O -, O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -enanthate I-Chemical -and O -decanoate O -, O -fluopentixol O -decanoate O -) O -are O -tested O -in O -the O -rat O -, O -during O -an O -observation O -period O -of O -20 O -to O -40 O -days O -following O -only O -one O -injection O -of O -compound O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ultrastructural O -changes O -in O -pancreatic O -beta O -cells O -were O -studied O -following O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -insulin O -secretion O -in O -vitro O -, O -at O -two O -different O -extracellular O -pH O -( O -7 O -. O -4 O -and O -7 O -. O -8 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -metabolism O -of O -unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -utilizes O -chondroitin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -as O -a O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -products O -are O -first O -concentrated O -into O -a O -single O -band O -in O -acrylamide O -gel O -, O -and O -then O -the O -band O -is O -stained O -with O -cetylpyridinium O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -spectrofluorometric O -method O -has O -been O -developed O -for O -the O -assay O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -in O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ratio O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -to O -Zin O -is O -1 O -. O -0 O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -levels O -in O -patient O -sera O -correlate O -well O -with O -those O -done O -by O -bioassay O -. O - -aps B-category -Sensitivity O -to O -androgen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -30 O -patients O -on O -long O -- O -term O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -correlation O -was O -established O -between O -Uosm O -and O -the O -serum O -lithium B-Chemical -concentration O -during O -the O -test O -( O -0 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -05 O -mmoles O -/ O -l O -) O -nor O -between O -Uosm O -and O -the O -average O -serum O -lithium B-Chemical -level O -during O -treatment O -( O -0 O -. O -79 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -03 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -, O -given O -proper O -dosage O -and O -surveillance O -, O -long O -- O -term O -treatment O -with O -lithium B-Chemical -is O -not O -likely O -to O -cause O -disturbances O -in O -renal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -in O -cardiac O -bypass O -surgery O -: O -a O -comparative O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -determine O -whether O -the O -4 O -' O -- O -hydroxylation O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -occurs O -by O -an O -arene O -oxide O -- O -NIH O -shift O -process O -, O -4 O -' O -- O -deuteropropranolol O -, O -prepared O -from O -4 O -' O -- O -iodopropranolol O -, O -was O -subjected O -to O -in O -vitro O -metabolic O -experiments O -in O -the O -rat O -liver O -9000 O -g O -supernatant O -fraction O -and O -to O -in O -vivo O -metabolic O -experiments O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -for O -the O -estimation O -of O -the O -fraction O -of O -a O -precursor O -that O -is O -converted O -to O -a O -metabolite O -in O -rat O -in O -vivo O -with O -phenacetin B-Chemical -and O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Azathioprine B-Chemical -( O -AZA O -) O -is O -cleaved O -in O -vivo O -by O -glutathione B-Chemical -to O -6 O -- O -mercpatopurine O -( O -6 O -- O -MP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -and O -beta O -- O -naphthoflavone O -on O -the O -elimination O -kinetics O -and O -metabolite O -pattern O -of O -caffeine B-Chemical -in O -the O -beagle O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Furosemide B-Chemical -( O -20 O -- O -80 O -mg O -) O -was O -administered O -iv O -over O -5 O -min O -to O -16 O -patients O -with O -the O -diagnosis O -of O -acute O -pulmonary O -edema O -due O -to O -left O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -biexponential O -decay O -of O -serum O -furosemide B-Chemical -concentrations O -vs O -. O -time O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -excretion O -of O -the O -glucuronide O -metabolite O -and O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulfamoylanthranilic I-Chemical -acid O -accounted O -for O -3 O -. O -3 O -- O -40 O -. O -4 O -% O -and O -from O -0 O -. O -13 O -- O -3 O -. O -92 O -% O -of O -the O -dose O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -excretion O -of O -the O -oxidative O -acidic O -metabolite O -was O -increased O -in O -patients O -with O -reduced O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -oxygenase O -catalyzing O -the O -conversion O -of O -Cl O -- O -PPA O -- O -SO O -to O -Cl O -- O -PPA O -- O -SO2 O -was O -localized O -in O -liver O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -hydroxhloride O -on O -hepatic O -drug O -- O -metabolizing O -enzymes O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -investigated O -the O -time O -- O -course O -of O -the O -pulmonary O -deposition O -of O -imipramine B-Chemical -( O -IMIP O -) O -following O -a O -single O -iv O -injection O -into O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -degree O -of O -hydrophobicity O -of O -the O -amine B-Chemical -is O -an O -important O -determinant O -of O -the O -size O -of O -the O -SEP O -formed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -10 O -- O -fold O -difference O -in O -the O -size O -of O -the O -SEP O -for O -compounds O -known O -to O -induce O -pulmonary O -phospholipidosis O -( O -chlorphentermine O -and O -IMIP O -) O -and O -known O -not O -to O -induce O -lipidosis O -( O -phentermine B-Chemical -and O -amphetamine B-Chemical -) O -may O -suggest O -a O -possible O -involvement O -of O -the O -SEP O -in O -the O -onset O -of O -phospholipidosis O -; O -this O -possibility O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Pulmonary O -accumulation O -and O -metabolism O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -an O -isolated O -perfused O -lung O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Accumulation O -from O -the O -recirculating O -perfusate O -was O -nonsaturable O -over O -a O -concentration O -range O -of O -3 O -- O -400 O -microM O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -are O -most O -consistent O -with O -passive O -diffusion O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -down O -an O -electrochemical O -gradient O -and O -subsequent O -nonspecific O -binding O -to O -tissue O -anions O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -of O -the O -water O -- O -soluble O -radioactivity O -was O -not O -recovered O -in O -the O -acidic O -ether B-Chemical -extract O -of O -the O -excreta O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -and O -accumulation O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -in O -the O -isolated O -perfused O -rabbit O -lung O -. O - -aps B-category -Adaptive O -changes O -in O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -system O -produced O -by O -chronic O -ethanol B-Chemical -feeding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -ethanol B-Chemical -feeding O -and O -withdrawal O -produces O -a O -state O -in O -which O -the O -normal O -coupling O -between O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -and O -the O -effectors O -for O -these O -receptors O -is O -significantly O -altered O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -from O -the O -present O -study O -support O -the O -contention O -that O -chronic O -ethanol B-Chemical -administration O -alters O -the O -activity O -of O -central O -dopamine B-Chemical -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Adaptive O -changes O -in O -the O -responsiveness O -of O -adenylate O -cyclase O -to O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Triazolam B-Chemical -( O -Halcion O -) O -: O -psychological O -disturbances O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -- O -order O -rate O -constants O -of O -N O -- O -acetylhistidine O -methylamide O -, O -N O -- O -acetylhistidine O -and O -imidazole O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -satisfy O -the O -Brønsted O -relation O -. O - -aps B-category -delta O -pH O -induced O -calcium B-Chemical -fluxes O -in O -rat O -liver O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -alone O -and O -/ O -or O -in O -combination O -with O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -chlorpyramine O -, O -in O -13 O -patients O -showed O -that O -cimetidine B-Chemical -alone O -was O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -Complete O -parasympathetic O -and O -sympathetic O -isolation O -of O -the O -heart O -was O -obtained O -by O -administration O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -0 O -. O -04 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -chronic O -, O -oral O -study O -propranolol B-Chemical -160 O -mg O -b O -. O -i O -. O -d O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -timiperone O -on O -3H O -- O -spiroperidol O -binding O -to O -rat O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -0 O -. O -6 O -, O -5 O -and O -30 O -times O -greater O -affinity O -for O -the O -receptors O -than O -did O -spiroperidol O -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -it O -is O -conceivable O -that O -timiperone O -itself O -exerts O -its O -potent O -antipsychotic O -activity O -by O -blockade O -of O -cerebral O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -incubation O -of O -rat O -cerebral O -cortex O -slices O -with O -antidepressant B-Chemical -drugs O -reduced O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -binding O -of O -3H O -- O -dihydroalprenolol O -by O -30 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -beta O -- O -receptor O -subsensitivity O -due O -to O -desipramine B-Chemical -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -was O -non O -- O -additive O -. O - -aps B-category -Lisuride O -hydrogen B-Chemical -maleate B-Chemical -: O -an O -ergoline O -with O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonist O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Lisuride O -and O -two O -other O -ergolines O -, O -lergotrile O -and O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -phenothiazine O -, O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -, O -all O -interact O -with O -spiroperidol O -binding O -sites O -( O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -) O -in O -the O -anterior O -pituitary O -; O -however O -, O -among O -these O -compounds O -lisuride O -is O -unique O -in O -its O -ability O -to O -antagonize O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -administration O -of O -increasing O -doses O -of O -the O -ergoline O -, O -lergotrile O -mesylate O -, O -caused O -a O -rapid O -, O -dose O -- O -dependent O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -reversible I-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -unit O -activity O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -cells O -in O -the O -pars O -compacta O -of O -the O -rat O -substantia O -nigra O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -and O -alpha O -- O -methylparatyrosine O -did O -not O -significantly O -attenuate O -the O -lergotrile O -- O -induced O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -are O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -and O -amphetamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Autoradiographic O -localization O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -caudate O -- O -putamen O -and O -substantia O -nigra O -: O -effects O -of O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -that O -in O -the O -caudate O -- O -putamen O -most O -of O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -are O -on O -intrastriatal O -neurons O -, O -but O -some O -are O -also O -localized O -to O -the O -afferents O -from O -the O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -majority O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -zona O -compacta O -which O -bind O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -are O -located O -on O -cell O -bodies O -and O -processes O -of O -dopaminergic O -neurons O -and O -are O -anatomically O -distinct O -from O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -adenylate O -cyclase O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proposed O -antipsychotic O -neuropeptide O -des O -- O -tyrosine1 O -- O -gamma O -- O -endorphin O -( O -DT O -gamma O -E O -, O -beta O -LPH62 O -, O -77 O -) O -inhibits O -in O -vivo O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -spiperone I-Chemical -binding O -in O -the O -hypothalamus O -, O -corpus O -striatum O -and O -mesolimbic O -areas O -of O -rat O -brain O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -occupation O -of O -cerebral O -histamine B-Chemical -H1 O -- O -receptors O -evaluated O -with O -3H O -- O -mepyramine O -may O -predict O -sedative O -properties O -of O -psychotropic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -: O -the O -ultimate O -medicament O -? O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -messenger O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -connidia O -of O -Neurospora O -crassa O -. O - -aps B-category -Not O -only O -cholesterol B-Chemical -but O -also O -bilirubin B-Chemical -were O -considered O -to O -be O -solubilized O -by O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -micelles O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholesterol B-Chemical -solubilization O -was O -usually O -reduced O -to O -some O -extent O -with O -increasing O -amount O -of O -added O -bilirubin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -the O -addition O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -increased O -cholesterol B-Chemical -solubilization O -in O -conjugated O -bile O -salts O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Cholesterol B-Chemical -solubilization O -in O -conjugated O -bile O -salts O -system O -was O -relatively O -lower O -than O -unconjugated O -bile O -salts O -system O -with O -or O -without O -added O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -however O -co O -- O -existing O -bilirubin B-Chemical -minimized O -these O -differences O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -contrary O -, O -it O -was O -remarkably O -bigger O -in O -unconjugated O -bile O -salts B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -calcium I-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Pepsin O -5 O -is O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stable I-Chemical -, O -retaining O -100 O -% O -of O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -published O -methods O -for O -determining O -the O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stable I-Chemical -fraction O -of O -the O -peptic O -activity O -of O -gastric O -juice O -gave O -, O -respectively O -, O -in O -our O -hands O -values O -of O -45 O -. O -4 O -- O -80 O -. O -0 O -% O -and O -27 O -. O -5 O -- O -43 O -. O -9 O -% O -of O -the O -total O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Candida O -utilis O -cultivated O -under O -batch O -conditions O -in O -a O -synthetic O -medium O -with O -a O -mixture O -of O -different O -carbon B-Chemical -sources O -utilized O -first O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -and O -then O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -, O -D O -- O -mannose O -, O -D O -- O -xylose O -, O -L O -- O -arabinose O -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -, O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -1 O -g O -/ O -l O -increased O -the O -specific O -growth O -rate O -, O -reduced O -time O -of O -cultivation O -and O -increased O -yield O -of O -the O -yeast O -dry O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -higher O -content O -of O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -3 O -- O -- O -6 O -g O -/ O -l O -) O -the O -yield O -was O -only O -18 O -- O -- O -26 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -also O -resulted O -in O -an O -increase O -of O -the O -production O -and O -yield O -of O -the O -yeast O -dry O -weight O -but O -the O -cultivation O -time O -was O -prolonged O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -due O -to O -physiology O -of O -the O -yeast O -, O -it O -is O -most O -suitable O -to O -cultivate O -a O -strain O -adapted O -to O -utilizable O -carbon B-Chemical -sources O -in O -a O -continuous O -way O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -their O -limiting O -concentrations O -in O -the O -cultivation O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Factors O -affecting O -protein O -synthesis O -during O -biotin B-Chemical -deficiency O -in O -Aspergillus O -nidulans O -. O - -aps B-category -Likewise O -, O -the O -activities O -of O -NADP O -+ O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -NAD O -+ O -gluatmate O -dehydrogenase O -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -and O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -were O -significantly O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Supplementation O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -, O -serine O -, O -leucine B-Chemical -and O -methionine B-Chemical -to O -the O -culture O -medium O -raised O -the O -rRNA O -/ O -tRNA O -ratio O -, O -and O -the O -difference O -observed O -in O -the O -qualitative O -and O -the O -quantitative O -patterns O -of O -protein O -and O -dry O -cell O -mass O -between O -normal O -and O -biotin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -cultures O -was O -abolished O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -L O -- O -histidine O -precursor O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -delay O -the O -onset O -, O -shorten O -the O -duration O -and O -decrease O -the O -intensity O -of O -stereotyped O -behaviour O -induced O -by O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -while O -chlorcylizine O -a O -H1 O -receptor O -blocker O -was O -found O -not O -only O -to O -potentiate O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -induced O -sterotyped O -behaviour O -but O -also O -to O -block O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -L O -- O -histidine O -on O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -stereotypy O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracerebroventricular O -administration O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -phenylephrine B-Chemical -, O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -histamine B-Chemical -produced O -a O -significant O -rise O -in O -plasma O -cortisol B-Chemical -concentration O -whereas O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Central O -pretreatment O -with O -yohimbine B-Chemical -or O -piperoxin O -, O -blocked O -the O -rise O -in O -plasma O -cortisol B-Chemical -level O -induced O -by O -icv O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Central O -histamine B-Chemical -induced O -rise O -in O -plasma O -cortisol B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -significantly O -blocked O -by O -icv O -pretreatment O -with O -both O -H1 O -and O -H2 O -receptor O -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -new O -assays O -for O -saliva O -- O -mediated O -aggregation O -of O -oral O -bacteria O -have O -been O -developed O -, O -based O -on O -the O -use O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -thymidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labeled I-Chemical -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -there O -was O -a O -consistent O -difference O -between O -the O -rates O -of O -lysis O -by O -this O -enzyme O -of O -organisms O -grown O -in O -0 O -. O -2 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -a O -constant O -dilution O -rate O -of O -D O -= O -0 O -. O -1 O -h O -- O -1 O -and O -with O -either O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -or O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -the O -amounts O -of O -both O -cellular O -and O -extracellular O -lipoteichoic O -acid O -increased O -as O -the O -culture O -pH O -increased O -from O -5 O -. O -0 O -to O -7 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Organisms O -grown O -in O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -sucrose B-Chemical -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -0 O -contained O -increasing O -amounts O -of O -cellular O -lipoteichoic O -acid O -as O -the O -dilution O -rate O -was O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -culture O -fluids O -from O -both O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -grown I-Chemical -organisms O -contained O -detectable O -amounts O -of O -serotype O -c O -antigen O -, O -whereas O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -grown I-Chemical -cultures O -also O -contained O -significant O -amounts O -of O -an O -extracellular O -hexose O -- O -containing O -polymer O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -group O -6 O -polysaccharides O -were O -linear O -copolymers O -composed O -of O -1 O -mol O -each O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -, O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -, O -l O -- O -rhamnose O -, O -and O -d O -- O -ribitol O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -was O -made O -of O -the O -properties O -of O -Streptococcus O -mutans O -Ingbritt O -grown O -in O -continuous O -culture O -under O -conditions O -of O -excess O -glucose B-Chemical -( O -nitrogen B-Chemical -limitation O -) O -and O -limiting O -glucose B-Chemical -at O -mean O -generation O -times O -of O -1 O -. O -7 O -to O -14 O -h O -. O -Only O -low O -levels O -of O -glucoamylase O -- O -specific O -glycogen O -were O -formed O -in O -cells O -from O -either O -culture O -, O -and O -the O -total O -carbohydrate O -content O -of O -the O -cells O -under O -excess O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -only O -at O -most O -1 O -. O -6 O -- O -fold O -higher O -than O -in O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -i O -) O -Lactate B-Chemical -was O -the O -main O -end O -product O -of O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -excess I-Chemical -culture O -, O -whereas O -acetate O -, O -formate O -, O -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -were O -the O -main O -products O -of O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -culture O -except O -at O -a O -mean O -generation O -time O -of O -1 O -. O -5 O -, O -when O -lactate B-Chemical -represented O -30 O -% O -of O -the O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -iii O -) O -Washed O -cells O -from O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -culture O -were O -much O -more O -acidogenic O -( O -1 O -. O -7 O -- O -to O -6 O -. O -2 O -- O -fold O -) O -than O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -excess I-Chemical -cells O -when O -incubated O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -and O -fructose O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -iv O -) O -Cells O -from O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -excess I-Chemical -culture O -were O -more O -insensitive O -to O -fluoride B-Chemical -than O -cells O -from O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -analysis O -indicated O -that O -rapidly O -metabolizing O -cells O -were O -more O -sensitive O -to O -fluoride B-Chemical -than O -cells O -that O -metabolized O -the O -sugars O -more O -slowly O -. O - -aps B-category -Postmortem O -analysis O -of O -liver O -obtained O -2 O -weeks O -after O -the O -child O -was O -treated O -with O -vitamin B-Chemical -B12 I-Chemical -revealed O -deficient O -activity O -of O -both O -cobalamin O -dependent O -enzymes O -: O -N5 O -- O -methyltetrahydrofolate O -: O -homocysteine O -methyltransferase O -( O -requiring O -Me O -- O -Cbl O -) O -, O -and O -methylmalonyl O -CoA O -mutase O -( O -requiring O -Ado O -- O -Cbl O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunocytochemical O -localization O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -and O -phenylethanolamine O -- O -N O -- O -methyltransferase O -in O -the O -adrenal O -glands O -of O -the O -frog O -and O -rat O -by O -a O -peroxidase O -- O -antiperoxidase O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -TH O -was O -localized O -in O -the O -ground O -substance O -of O -the O -adrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -cells O -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -cells O -, O -but O -not O -in O -the O -nucleus O -or O -in O -the O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -abscess O -secondary O -to O -bacterial O -endocarditis O -in O -a O -heroin B-Chemical -addict O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -also O -catalyzes O -some O -other O -extension O -reactions O -, O -such O -as O -, O -acetyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -+ O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -+ O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -leads O -to O -leupeptin O -acid O -, O -and O -acetyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -+ O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -leads O -to O -acetyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -, O -but O -neither O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -+ O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -leads O -to O -( O -L O -- O -leucyl O -) O -1 O -- O -- O -2 O -- O -L O -- O -argining O -, O -nor O -acetyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -+ O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -leads O -to O -acetyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -, O -tyramine O -, O -tryptamine O -and O -electrolytes O -during O -glucose B-Chemical -induced O -lactic O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -studying O -five O -cows O -during O -the O -peripartal O -period O -a O -spontaneous O -and O -transient O -increase O -in O -the O -concentrations O -of O -VFA O -and O -a O -soluble O -marker O -( O -PEG O -) O -as O -well O -as O -a O -drop O -in O -pH O -and O -in O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentrations O -not O -related O -to O -feeding O -was O -observed O -in O -two O -animals O -that O -were O -sampled O -several O -hours O -before O -parturition O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -experiments O -were O -conducted O -with O -ruminally O -fistulated O -wether O -lambs O -to O -determine O -the O -effect O -of O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -addition O -to O -a O -hay O -diet O -on O -rumen O -lactate B-Chemical -metabolism O -, O -blood O -acid O -- O -base O -status O -and O -subsequent O -adaptation O -to O -a O -high O -concentrate O -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -, O -lambs O -were O -fed O -alfalfa O -- O -brome O -hay O -( O -H O -) O -( O -six O -lambs O -) O -, O -H O -plus O -2 O -. O -5 O -% O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -H2 O -. O -5L O -) O -( O -six O -lambs O -) O -or O -H O -plus O -5 O -% O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -H5L O -) O -( O -four O -lambs O -) O -during O -phase O -I O -, O -then O -switched O -to O -a O -70 O -% O -concentrate O -diet O -( O -3 O -days O -) O -followed O -by O -a O -90 O -% O -concentrate O -diet O -( O -10 O -days O -) O -( O -phase O -II O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -samples O -were O -taken O -to O -measure O -acid O -- O -base O -status O -, O -serum O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -and O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -magnesium B-Chemical -and O -phosphorus B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -data O -from O -both O -experiments O -indicated O -a O -deleterious O -effect O -of O -dietary O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -on O -blood O -acid O -- O -base O -balance O -; O -however O -, O -this O -treatment O -effect O -was O -not O -manifested O -in O -any O -symptoms O -of O -acute O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Experiment O -1 O -, O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -increased O -linearly O -( O -P O -less O -than O -. O -05 O -) O -in O -response O -to O -dietary O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -, O -but O -there O -were O -no O -clear O -treatment O -effects O -during O -phase O -II O -on O -rumen O -fluid O -pH O -or O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -or O -feed O -intake O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -both O -experiments O -, O -the O -proportion O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -in O -rumen O -fluid O -decreased O -from O -almost O -100 O -to O -about O -50 O -% O -of O -total O -lactate B-Chemical -by O -the O -end O -of O -phase O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -complex O -formed O -between O -the O -alkaloid O -and O -methyl O -orange O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -0 O -is O -extracted O -with O -chloroform B-Chemical -and O -treated O -with O -0 O -. O -1N O -NaOH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proposed O -method O -was O -successfully O -applied O -to O -samples O -of O -ipeca O -powder O -, O -ipeca O -tincture O -, O -and O -3 O -British O -Pharmaceutical O -Codex O -mixtures O -containing O -ipeca O -tincture O -, O -namely O -, O -ipecacuanha O -mixture O -, O -pediatric O -; O -ipecacuanha O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -mixture O -, O -pediatric O -; O -and O -belladonna O -and O -ipecacuanha O -mixture O -, O -pediatric O -. O - -aps B-category -Dichloromethane O -reacts O -rapidly O -( O -37 O -. O -5 O -degrees O -) O -with O -brompheniramine O -, O -diphenylpyraline O -, O -cyclizine O -, O -cyproheptadine B-Chemical -but O -not O -with O -antazoline O -and O -lignocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -packing O -material O -so O -prepared O -displays O -cation O -- O -exchange O -properties O -and O -has O -been O -used O -to O -separate O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -butaperazine O -in O -biological O -fluids O -by O -gas O -chromatography O -using O -nitrogen B-Chemical -specific O -detection O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -morphological O -and O -biochemical O -changes O -that O -occur O -after O -inoculation O -of O -sterile O -blood O -into O -a O -blood O -culture O -medium O -( O -tryptic O -soy O -broth O -) O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -polyanetholesulfonate O -and O -CO O -( O -2 O -) O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -evaluates O -the O -ability O -of O -hydroxyzine B-Chemical -and O -various O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -to O -suppress O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -pruritus O -in O -ten O -volunteer O -subjects O -with O -the O -use O -of O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -crossover O -protocol O -. O - -aps B-category -Thiothixene O -, O -hydroxyzine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -thioridazine B-Chemical -, O -and O -a O -lactose O -placebo O -were O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Consequently O -, O -hydrozyzine O -may O -be O -more O -effective O -in O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -pruritus O -. O - -aps B-category -Failure O -of O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -to O -effect O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hyperprolactinemia O -in O -psychotic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolactin O -levels O -were O -examined O -before O -and O -15 O -, O -30 O -, O -60 O -, O -90 O -, O -120 O -and O -150 O -min O -after O -the O -single O -administration O -of O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -, O -either O -iv O -or O -per O -os O -, O -and O -on O -days O -3 O -, O -5 O -, O -7 O -of O -the O -chronic O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Regulatory O -mechanisms O -for O -the O -synthesis O -of O -liver O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -and O -pituitary O -corticotropin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lipotropin I-Chemical -precursor O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -: O -a O -review O -. O - -aps B-category -Butorphanol O -, O -levo O -- O -N O -- O -cyclobutylmethyl O -- O -3 O -, O -14 O -beta O -- O -dihydroxy O -- O -morphinan O -, O -is O -a O -new O -agonist O -- O -antagonist O -type O -analgetic O -agent O -which O -is O -4 O -to O -8 O -times O -more O -potent O -than O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -experimental O -animals O -and O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphine B-Chemical -decreased O -the O -propulsion O -of O -a O -charcoal B-Chemical -meal O -through O -the O -gastrointestinal O -tract O -of O -the O -mouse O -in O -a O -dose O -related O -manner O -with O -the O -maximal O -inhibition O -obtainable O -being O -90 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -dose O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -produced O -a O -statistically O -significant O -spasmogenic O -effect O -on O -dog O -biliary O -tract O -and O -gastrointestinal O -smooth O -muscle O -, O -while O -a O -clinically O -effective O -equianalgetic O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -Pentoxifylline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -During O -nitrogen B-Chemical -deprivation O -, O -de O -novo O -synthesis O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -was O -induced O -in O -non O -- O -growing O -conidia O -of O -Neurospora O -crassa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degradation O -of O -exogenous O -glutamine B-Chemical -to O -glutamate B-Chemical -is O -apparently O -a O -necessary O -step O -in O -the O -accumulation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -and O -arginine O -within O -the O -conidia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -advantages O -of O -such O -a O -cycle O -would O -be O -that O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -could O -be O -used O -to O -synthesize O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -general O -, O -as O -well O -as O -for O -the O -synthesis O -and O -accumulation O -of O -arginine O -and O -/ O -or O -glutamine B-Chemical -in O -particular O -. O - -aps B-category -Homogenates O -of O -Tritrichomonas O -foetus O -exhibited O -a O -Mg2 O -+ O -- O -dependent O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -( O -ATPase O -) O -activity O -, O -with O -a O -pH O -optimum O -in O -Tris O -buffers O -of O -8 O -. O -2 O -to O -8 O -. O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -high O -concentrations O -, O -quercetin O -and O -4 O -- O -chloro O -- O -7 O -- O -nitrobenzofurazan O -inhibited O -ATPase O -activity O -in O -the O -cytoplasmic O -extract O -by O -20 O -and O -70 O -% O -, O -respectively O -, O -whereas O -oligomycin O -, O -venturicidin O -, O -triethyltin O -, O -leucinostatin O -, O -dibutylchloromethyltin O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -spegazzinine O -, O -efrapeptin O -, O -citreoviridin O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -azide O -had O -no O -effect O -and O -N O -, O -N O -' O -- O -dicyclohexylcarbodi O -- O -imide O -stimulated O -the O -activity O -somewhat O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -partial O -characterization O -of O -hyaluronate B-Chemical -lyase O -( O -EC O -4 O -. O -2 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -) O -from O -Propionibacterium O -acnes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -from O -P O -. O -acnes O -may O -thus O -be O -tentatively O -classified O -as O -a O -hyaluronate B-Chemical -lyase O -. O - -aps B-category -Physico O -- O -chemical O -characterization O -and O -partial O -purification O -of O -mouse O -immune O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -crude O -interferon B-Chemical -was O -chromatographed O -on O -four O -sorbents O -with O -varying O -affinities O -, O -namely O -concanavalin O -A O -- O -Sepharose O -, O -Affi O -- O -Gel O -202 O -, O -Blue O -Sepharose O -CL O -- O -6B O -and O -Phenyl O -- O -Sepharose O -CL O -- O -4B O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -means O -of O -affinity O -chromatography O -, O -mouse O -immune O -interferon B-Chemical -was O -purified O -100 O -to O -200 O -times O -with O -concomitant O -complete O -recovery O -of O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Nitroglycerin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -the I-Chemical -first O -one O -hundred O -years O -: O -new O -facts O -about O -an O -old O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Direct O -and O -reflex O -effects O -of O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -on O -the O -blood O -volume O -distribution O -, O -evaluated O -by O -regional O -weighing O -in O -the O -cat O -. O - -aps B-category -bolus O -injection O -of O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -produced O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -decrease O -in O -arterial O -pressure O -accompanying O -a O -decrease O -in O -the O -thoracic O -blood O -volume O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -secondary O -reflex O -adjustments O -tend O -to O -minimize O -the O -direct O -effects O -of O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -on O -the O -blood O -pressure O -and O -blood O -volume O -distribution O -. O - -aps B-category -Pial O -arteries O -of O -cats O -were O -used O -to O -analyse O -the O -effects O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -on O -the O -release O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -elicited O -release O -of O -radioactivity O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -) O -caused O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -the O -tritium O -efflux O -induced O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -( O -1 O -" O -0 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Methysergide O -induces O -selective O -potentiation O -in O -cholinergic O -contractions O -of O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -vas O -deferens O -by O -facilitating O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Methysergide O -( O -3 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -suppressed O -the O -contraction O -elicited O -by O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -or O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -augmentation O -of O -the O -response O -to O -ACh O -by O -physostigmine B-Chemical -was O -unaffected O -by O -hemicholinium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -depolarized O -vas O -deferens O -after O -exposure O -to O -30 O -mM O -KCl O -, O -methysergide B-Chemical -occasionally O -induced O -a O -sustained O -tonic O -contraction O -which O -was O -inhibited O -by O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -on O -pre O -- O -synaptic O -and O -post O -- O -synaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -in O -the O -mouse O -vas O -deferens O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -produced O -a O -non O -- O -competitive O -antagonism O -of O -contractile O -responses O -to O -NA O -( O -pD2 O -' O -= O -7 O -. O -6 O -) O -and O -DA O -( O -pD2 O -' O -= O -8 O -. O -0 O -) O -but O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -responses O -to O -carbachol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Yohimbine B-Chemical -selectively O -and O -rapidly O -reversed O -the O -inhibiting O -effects O -of O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -on O -single O -twitches O -, O -although O -they O -could O -not O -easily O -be O -reversed O -by O -washing O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -the O -mouse O -vas O -deferens O -does O -not O -appear O -to O -contain O -specific O -DA O -receptors O -and O -the O -results O -suggest O -that O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -acts O -as O -a O -pre O -- O -synaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -agonist O -and O -post O -- O -synaptic O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonist O -in O -this O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -six O -mono O -- O -or O -bis O -- O -quaternary O -salts O -of O -3 O -, O -17 O -- O -dioxy O -- O -2 O -beta O -, O -16 O -beta O -- O -dipiperidino O -- O -5 O -alpha O -- O -androstanes O -( O -including O -pancuronium B-Chemical -) O -and O -one O -17 O -- O -desoxy O -congener O -were O -tested O -for O -neuromuscular O -blocking O -and O -autonomic O -blocking O -activities O -in O -the O -chloralose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anaesthetized I-Chemical -cat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -salient O -member O -of O -this O -series O -is O -3 O -alpha O -, O -17 O -beta O -- O -diacetoxy O -- O -2 O -beta O -, O -16 O -beta O -- O -dipiperidino O -- O -5 O -alpha O -- O -androstane O -16 O -beta O -- O -N O -- O -monomethobromide O -( O -Org O -NC B-Chemical -45 I-Chemical -) O -which O -is O -highly O -selective O -in O -blocking O -neuromuscular O -transmission O -in O -that O -a O -dose O -approximately O -sixty O -times O -greater O -than O -the O -neuromuscular O -blocking O -dose O -was O -required O -to O -block O -responses O -to O -vagal O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -pancuronium B-Chemical -and O -Org O -NC B-Chemical -45 I-Chemical -exhibited O -the O -same O -order O -of O -neuromuscular O -blocking O -activity O -and O -therefore O -the O -latter O -potentially O -represents O -a O -useful O -addition O -to O -the O -armamentarium O -of O -neuromuscular O -blocking O -agents O -currently O -in O -clinical O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -phenacetin B-Chemical -, O -paracetamol B-Chemical -and O -caffeine B-Chemical -on O -the O -erosive O -activity O -of O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -stomach O -: O -dose O -- O -response O -relationships O -, O -time O -course O -of O -erosion O -development O -and O -effects O -on O -acid O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -- O -( O -m O -- O -Chlorophenyl O -) O -piperazine B-Chemical -: O -a O -metabolite O -of O -trazodone B-Chemical -isolated O -from O -rat O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -high O -dose O -propranolol B-Chemical -does O -not O -increase O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -number O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -urinary O -recovery O -of O -chlorothiazide O -after O -oral O -administration O -showed O -appreciable O -interanimal O -variation O -and O -decreased O -from O -70 O -. O -4 O -% O -to O -26 O -. O -7 O -% O -on O -the O -average O -as O -the O -oral O -dose O -was O -increased O -from O -125 O -mg O -to O -750 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -levels O -and O -beta O -- O -blocking O -effect O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxymetoprolol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -metabolite I-Chemical -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -in I-Chemical -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -of O -the O -metabolite O -, O -however O -, O -had O -to O -be O -5 O -times O -higher O -than O -that O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -to O -induce O -the O -same O -degree O -of O -beta O -- O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -OH I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Metoprolol I-Chemical -was O -more O -slowly O -eliminated O -( O -t1 O -/ O -2 O -approximately O -7 O -. O -0 O -hr O -, O -total O -body O -clearance O -approximately O -3 O -. O -5 O -ml O -- O -kg O -- O -1 O -- O -min O -- O -1 O -) O -than O -metoprolol B-Chemical -( O -t O -1 O -/ O -2 O -approximately O -2 O -. O -0 O -hr O -, O -total O -body O -clearance O -approximately O -20 O -. O -0 O -ml O -- O -kg O -- O -1 O -- O -min O -- O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -interaction O -of O -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxycarbonate O -gel O -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -gel O -on O -acid O -neutralization O -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -neutralization O -by O -magnesium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -gel O -in O -the O -mixture O -is O -not O -observed O -until O -after O -a O -substantial O -portion O -of O -the O -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxycarbonate O -gel O -has O -reacted O -with O -acid O -, O -even O -though O -magnesium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -gel O -is O -the O -faster O -reacting O -of O -the O -two O -gels O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -coating O -prevents O -protons O -from O -reaching O -the O -highly O -reactive O -magnesium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -until O -the O -coating O -is O -dissolved O -by O -the O -acid O -neutralization O -of O -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxycarbonate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -utilized O -lactoperoxidase O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -iodide O -, O -and O -a O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -oxidase O -system O -for O -the O -generation O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -and O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -concentrations O -of O -resorcinol O -, O -a O -well O -- O -known O -inhibitor O -of O -thyroid O -peroxidase O -- O -catalyzed O -iodination O -, O -in O -the O -reaction O -mixture O -resulted O -in O -graded O -inhibition O -of O -the O -initial O -rate O -of O -lactoperoxidase O -- O -catalyzed O -l B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -iodination O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -colorimetric O -method O -based O -on O -the O -interaction O -between O -the O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -degradation O -product O -1 O -- O -( O -4 O -' O -- O -nitrophenyl O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -aminopropane O -- O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -diol O -and O -the O -2 O -, O -4 O -, O -6 O -- O -trinitrobenzenesulfonic O -acid O -reagent O -was O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -inhibitors O -on O -the O -relationship O -betweeen O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -insulin O -- O -stimulated O -gastric O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -and O -flow O -in O -the O -cat O -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -ii O -) O -Injection O -of O -1 O -. O -6 O -x O -10 O -( O -4 O -) O -M O -- O -pure O -PKI O -before O -0 O -. O -03 O -M O -- O -cyclic O -AMP O -causes O -a O -marked O -reduction O -in O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -response O -of O -the O -Na O -efflux O -to O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -( O -iv O -) O -Injection O -of O -100 O -mM O -- O -EGTA O -before O -PKI O -fails O -to O -alter O -the O -lowered O -response O -of O -the O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -insensitive I-Chemical -Na O -efflux O -to O -injection O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -- O -cyclic O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -iii O -) O -Radioimmunoassay O -of O -total O -cyclic O -AMP O -and O -cyclic O -GMP O -content O -in O -single O -fibres O -before O -and O -after O -acidification O -shows O -no O -appreciable O -alteration O -in O -nucleotide B-Chemical -content O -following O -acidificiation O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -ii O -) O -Benzolamide O -totally O -abolishes O -the O -response O -of O -the O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -insensitive I-Chemical -Na O -efflux O -to O -the O -injection O -of O -catalytic O -subunits O -. O - -aps B-category -Recovery O -of O -pHi O -in O -snail O -neurones O -exposed O -to O -high O -external O -potassium B-Chemical -[ O -proceedings O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -propanolol B-Chemical -, O -alprenolol O -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -and O -CS O -- O -359 O -during O -halothane B-Chemical -anesthesia O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -of O -blockaders O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Haemolysis O -of O -various O -mammalian O -erythrocytes O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -buffer I-Chemical -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -Haemolysis O -of O -human O -, O -rabbit O -, O -cow O -, O -hamster O -, O -guineapig O -, O -pig O -and O -sheep O -erythrocytes O -was O -not O -observed O -in O -solutions O -of O -0 O -. O -4 O -% O -or O -more O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patient O -was O -treated O -with O -60 O -mg O -dehydroemetine O -during O -10 O -days O -and O -500 O -mg O -chloroquine B-Chemical -during O -the O -other O -next O -10 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Values O -for O -the O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -threshold O -ranged O -from O -18 O -. O -5 O -to O -29 O -mmol O -/ O -liter O -of O -plasma O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -with O -a O -mean O -value O -of O -25 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -29 O -; O -they O -were O -not O -significantly O -different O -from O -the O -control O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -ICI O -125 O -, O -211 O -: O -a O -new O -gastric O -antisecretory O -agent O -acting O -on O -histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -- O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrolysis O -of O -phosphatidylethanolamine O -by O -phospholipase O -A O -was O -accompanied O -by O -the O -accumulation O -of O -lysophosphatidylethanolamine O -( O -LPE O -) O -and O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Methanol O -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -propanol O -, O -and O -isopropanol O -, O -added O -at O -concentrations O -which O -inhibited O -growth O -by O -50 O -% O -, O -stimulated O -phospholipase O -A O -, O -but O -not O -lysophospholipase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -NADP O -- O -specific O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -is O -not O -involved O -in O -repression O -of O -yeast O -sporulation O -by O -ammonia B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Aqueous O -solubilities O -, O -oleyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -: O -water O -and O -octanol O -: O -water O -partition O -coefficients O -, O -RM O -values O -, O -reduction O -in O -surface O -tension O -of O -water O -, O -relative O -antioxidant O -activities O -and O -pKa O -values O -, O -were O -determined O -for O -gallic O -acid O -and O -a O -series O -of O -its O -alkyl O -esters O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -cultivation O -conditions O -on O -growth O -of O -Candida O -lipolytica O -yeasts O -and O -alpha O -- O -ketoacid O -biosynthesis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -thiamine B-Chemical -deficiency O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -the O -initial O -thamine O -concentration O -was O -the O -same O -, O -then O -, O -irrespective O -of O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -, O -the O -yeast O -biomass O -in O -a O -medium O -saturated O -with O -oxygen B-Chemical -by O -5 O -- O -- O -10 O -% O -was O -1 O -. O -5 O -- O -- O -2 O -. O -0 O -times O -higher O -than O -in O -a O -medium O -with O -60 O -- O -- O -90 O -% O -[ O -O2 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -a O -linear O -phase O -in O -the O -conditions O -of O -thiamine B-Chemical -deficiency O -suggests O -that O -here O -the O -growth O -of O -yeasts O -is O -determined O -by O -the O -constant O -activity O -of O -one O -of O -the O -thiamine B-Chemical -dependent O -enzymes O -per O -unit O -volume O -of O -the O -cultural O -broth O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bacterium O -does O -not O -possess O -proteolytic O -activity O -and O -does O -not O -utilize O -albumen O -; O -in O -the O -conditions O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -deficiency O -, O -it O -can O -utilize O -free O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -substances O -change O -the O -direction O -of O -propionic O -fermentation O -toward O -the O -accumulation O -of O -propionic O -acid O -; O -at O -the O -same O -time O -, O -the O -content O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -, O -asparagine O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -methionine B-Chemical -, O -cysteine B-Chemical -and O -other O -free O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -increases O -in O -the O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -proton O -pump O -appears O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -electron O -transport O -and O -approximately O -one O -proton O -is O -extruded O -per O -electron O -equivalent O -reducing O -oxygen B-Chemical -via O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -gamma O -- O -butyrolactone O -( O -GBL O -) O -treatment O -: O -a O -potential O -model O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -hypoactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Increase O -by O -alpha O -- O -adrenolytic O -drugs O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -release O -evoked O -by O -field O -stimulation O -of O -the O -guinea O -- O -pig O -ileum O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -proposed O -that O -yohimbine B-Chemical -and O -tolazoline O -by O -blocking O -alpha O -- O -adrenoceptors O -of O -the O -cholinergic O -nerves O -abolish O -the O -inhibition O -caused O -by O -endogenous O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -and O -thus O -facilitate O -the O -output O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -binding O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -to O -rat O -brain O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -binding O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -was O -rapid O -, O -reversible O -, O -saturable O -and O -dependent O -on O -pH O -and O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dissociation O -constants O -( O -Kd O -) O -were O -1 O -. O -7 O -muM O -and O -13 O -. O -6 O -muM O -and O -the O -maximal O -number O -of O -binding O -sites O -( O -Bmax O -) O -31 O -and O -165 O -pmol O -adenosine B-Chemical -bound O -per O -mg O -of O -membrane O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phosphorylated O -adenosine B-Chemical -compounds O -5 O -' O -- O -AMP O -, O -cyclic O -AMP O -and O -ATP O -were O -most O -potent O -in O -displacing O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -from O -its O -binding O -sites O -and O -the O -IC50 O -- O -values O -ranged O -from O -11 O -- O -- O -25 O -muM O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -methylxanthines B-Chemical -known O -as O -adenosine B-Chemical -antagonists O -competed O -for O -the O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -binding O -sites O -parallel O -with O -their O -pharmacological O -potency O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -on O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -changes O -in O -striatal O -and O -adrenal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -is O -prevented O -by O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agents O -such O -as O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -which O -would O -suggest O -that O -released O -dopamine B-Chemical -may O -be O -involved O -in O -the O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -adrenal O -gland O -, O -however O -, O -the O -increase O -in O -TH O -activity O -by O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -is O -not O -prevented O -by O -inhibition O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effects O -of O -depot O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -on O -pituitary O -hormone O -secretion O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxprenolol B-Chemical -was O -administered O -in O -combination O -with O -clortalidone O -in O -group O -B O -and O -with O -phentolamine B-Chemical -in O -group O -C O -. O -A O -clinically O -satisfactory O -reduction O -in O -blood O -pressure O -was O -attained O -in O -no O -subset O -, O -despite O -the O -significant O -decrease O -of O -mean O -blood O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -no O -case O -did O -this O -operation O -result O -in O -an O -increase O -in O -the O -intrinsic O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -( O -CAT O -) O -of O -the O -ganglion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cellular O -localisation O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -receptors O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -binding O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -was O -also O -decreased O -( O -to O -80 O -% O -of O -controls O -) O -in O -the O -cerebllum O -of O -mutant O -nervous O -mouse O -( O -nr O -/ O -nr O -) O -where O -Purkinje O -cells O -are O -degenerated O -but O -in O -the O -mutant O -weaver O -mouse O -where O -granule O -cells O -are O -degenerated O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -3H O -] O -Flunitrazepam B-Chemical -binding O -to O -rat O -brain O -homogenates O -was O -assayed O -in O -two O -ways O -: O -by O -37 O -- O -0 O -degrees O -C O -incubations O -or O -0 O -degrees O -C O -only O -incubations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -anemone O -toxin O -( O -ATX O -II O -) O -, O -which O -slows O -sodium B-Chemical -channel O -inactivation O -at O -electrically O -excitable O -membranes O -, O -was O -investigated O -in O -the O -slowly O -adapting O -stretch O -receptor O -organ O -of O -crayfish O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -release O -from O -the O -retina O -of O -the O -anaesthetised O -rabbit O -by O -stimulation O -with O -light O -flashes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -medium O -in O -the O -eye O -- O -cup O -was O -replaced O -at O -10 O -- O -min O -intervals O -and O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -each O -resulting O -sample O -were O -assayed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -efflux O -of O -taurine O -and O -ACh O -was O -greatly O -increased O -by O -light O -flashes O -, O -but O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -release O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -was O -reduced O -by O -more O -than O -50 O -% O -, O -a O -result O -consistent O -with O -the O -suggestion O -that O -aspartate B-Chemical -may O -be O -a O -photoreceptor O -transmitter O -substance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rat O -ventral O -tegmentum O -( O -containing O -dendrites O -and O -somata O -of O -mesolimbic O -dopaminergic O -neurones O -) O -possessed O -high O -levels O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -release O -was O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -runway O -training O -on O -rat O -brain O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -: O -differential O -effect O -of O -continuous O -and O -partial O -reinforcement O -schedules O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -and O -hypothalamic O -injections O -of O -barbiturates O -, O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -and O -cannabinoids O -and O -food O -intake O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -clozapine B-Chemical -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -to O -antagonize O -the O -depression O -of O -firing O -rate O -produced O -by O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -and O -apomorphine B-Chemical -in O -the O -neostriatum O -and O -nucleus O -accumbens O -was O -tested O -in O -immobilized O -, O -locally O -anesthetized O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -analysis O -of O -the O -onset O -and O -magnitude O -of O -the O -blockade O -revealed O -that O -clozapine B-Chemical -was O -more O -effective O -than O -haloperidol B-Chemical -in O -reversing O -the O -amphetamine B-Chemical -response O -but O -that O -both O -antipsychotic O -drugs O -produced O -a O -comparable O -blockade O -of O -the O -apomorphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -olfactory O -bulbectomy O -and O -estrogen B-Chemical -on O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -and O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -in O -the O -nigrostriatal O -and O -mesolimbic O -dopamine B-Chemical -systems O -of O -adult O -female O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Reserpine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -syrosingopine O -, O -produced O -a O -cumulative O -decrease O -in O -general O -motor O -activity O -when O -administered O -once O -every O -10 O -days O -for O -a O -total O -of O -8 O -drug O -treatments O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -a O -30 O -day O -drug O -- O -free O -period O -animals O -previously O -treated O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -still O -exhibited O -decreased O -motor O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -on O -the O -antilipolytic O -action O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -timolol B-Chemical -, O -labetalol B-Chemical -, O -verapamil B-Chemical -, O -procaine B-Chemical -, O -and O -papaverine B-Chemical -in O -rat O -adipocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -on O -the O -environment O -of O -coal O -- O -fired O -power O -plants O -, O -the O -mining O -and O -processing O -of O -metals O -, O -asbestos O -, O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -disposal O -of O -industrial O -and O -nuclear O -wastes O -have O -also O -received O -much O -attention O -in O -the O -past O -few O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversible O -and O -irreversible O -changes O -in O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -titration O -curves O -of O -melanins O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -demonstrate O -the O -ability O -to O -obtain O -a O -reproducible O -feature O -in O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -titration O -curves O -. O - -aps B-category -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Amphetamine I-Chemical -and O -punished O -responding O -: O -the O -role O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -anorexia O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -noradrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -( O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -phentolamine B-Chemical -and O -phenoxybenzamine O -) O -did O -not O -diminish O -the O -suppressant O -effect O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -, O -but O -this O -effect O -was O -reduced O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -para I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -methylester O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -blockers O -( O -spiroperidol O -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -clozapine B-Chemical -) O -indicating O -that O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -was O -exerting O -its O -selective O -suppressant O -effect O -via O -the O -release O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Tardive O -dyskinesia O -has O -been O -hypothesized O -to O -be O -caused O -by O -a O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -dopamine B-Chemical -hypersensitivity O -in O -the O -nigrostriatal O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -prolactin O -concentrations O -in O -six O -patients O -with O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -were O -assessed O -in O -four O -conditions O -: O -During O -chronic O -haloperidol B-Chemical -therapy O -; O -serially O -after O -abrupt O -haloperidol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -; O -while O -unmediated O -; O -and O -in O -response O -to O -an O -acute O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -IM O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -further O -suggested O -that O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -dopamine B-Chemical -hypersensitivity O -does O -not O -occur O -in O -the O -TIDA O -- O -pituitary O -system O -in O -humans O -, O -since O -it O -was O -not O -manifest O -in O -these O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -patients O -who O -would O -be O -thought O -particularly O -prone O -to O -develop O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -Intraventricular O -administration O -of O -alpha O -- O -hydrazinohistidine O -, O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -inhibitor O -, O -at O -different O -doses O -and O -times O -before O -testing O -produced O -a O -significant O -decrease O -of O -lordotic O -responses O -and O -sexual O -receptivity O -in O -ovariectomized O -estrogen B-Chemical -plus O -progesterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -primed I-Chemical -female O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Single O -- O -and O -multiple O -- O -dose O -kinetics O -of O -estazolam O -, O -a O -triazolo B-Chemical -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -the O -accumulation O -and O -elimination O -kinetics O -of O -estazolam O -can O -be O -classified O -as O -intermediate O -to O -those O -of O -the O -short O -- O -acting O -( O -such O -as O -oxazepam B-Chemical -) O -and O -the O -long O -- O -acting O -( O -such O -as O -diazepam B-Chemical -) O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Impaired O -performance O -and O -sedation O -after O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -lorazepam B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -doses O -significantly O -increased O -self O -ratings O -of O -physical O -and O -mental O -sedation O -, O -the O -effects O -being O -more O -marked O -4 O -h O -after O -drug O -administration O -than O -after O -1 O -h O -. O -Lorazepam B-Chemical -impaired O -simple O -reaction O -time O -, O -verbal O -learning O -, O -number O -cancellation O -, O -symbol O -copying O -and O -performance O -in O -the O -digit O -- O -symbol O -substitution O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Arachidonic O -acid O -potentiated O -the O -activation O -of O -soluble O -guanylate O -cyclase O -by O -lipoxygenase O -, O -and O -this O -effect O -was O -inhibited O -with O -nordihydroguairetic O -acid O -, O -1 O -- O -phenyl O -- O -3 O -- O -pyrazolidone O -and O -hydroquinone B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -with O -high O -concentrations O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -meclofenamate O -or O -aspirin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Abnormalities O -of O -beating O -were O -induced O -in O -single O -cells O -by O -variety O -of O -agents O -including O -ouabain B-Chemical -Ca O -+ O -+ O -, O -K O -+ O -, O -dinitrophenol O -( O -DNP O -) O -, O -and O -toxic O -material O -from O -the O -jellyfish O -Cyanea O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -protective O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -, O -PGE2 B-Chemical -and O -PGF1 O -alpha O -, O -tended O -to O -normalise O -beating O -behaviour O -most O -noticeably O -in O -DNP O -- O -treated O -cells O -, O -unlike O -lidocaine B-Chemical -and O -quinidine B-Chemical -which O -were O -effective O -against O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -- O -induced O -changes O -while O -worsening O -those O -of O -K O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -shows O -, O -in O -general O -, O -high O -chemical O -oxygen B-Chemical -demand O -( O -COD O -) O -and O -biological O -oxygen B-Chemical -demand O -( O -BOD O -) O -, O -and O -colors O -in O -dark O -brown O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -pH O -, O -flow O -rate O -, O -and O -dose O -rate O -on O -the O -decrease O -of O -TOC O -, O -the O -variations O -of O -UV O -spectrum O -, O -and O -the O -formation O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -by O -the O -irradiation O -were O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -result O -shows O -that O -the O -organic O -substances O -were O -decomposed O -by O -irradiation O -to O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -as O -a O -final O -product O -and O -it O -was O -ejected O -from O -the O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -aspartate B-Chemical -and O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Gastrin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cimetidine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbonic I-Chemical -anhydrase O -interrelationship O -in O -the O -process O -of O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Diclofenac O -( O -Voltarol B-Chemical -) O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -rheumatic O -diseases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antiserum O -was O -incubated O -at O -50 O -degrees O -C O -in O -a O -glutamate B-Chemical -buffer O -at O -pH O -4 O -. O -4 O -together O -with O -some O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -methyl O -cellulose O -and O -a O -large O -amount O -of O -activated O -charcoal B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Resynthesis O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -in O -human O -muscle O -after O -exercise O -in O -relation O -to O -intramuscular O -pH O -and O -availability O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -limiting O -factor O -for O -CP O -resynthesis O -which O -could O -be O -a O -low O -intramuscular O -pH O -or O -availability O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -has O -been O -investigated O -in O -the O -present O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -this O -it O -was O -concluded O -that O -the O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -reaction O -is O -at O -a O -steady O -state O -or O -at O -equilibrium O -during O -the O -period O -of O -recovery O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -15 O -min O -incubation O -in O -oxygen B-Chemical -CP O -was O -resynthesized O -from O -a O -starting O -value O -of O -4 O -% O -to O -68 O -% O -of O -the O -normal O -value O -at O -rest O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -initial O -fast O -phase O -of O -CP O -resynthesis O -is O -limited O -by O -the O -availability O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -whereas O -the O -subsequent O -slow O -phase O -is O -limited O -by O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -transport O -out O -from O -the O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -definite O -correlation O -( O -r O -= O -0 O -. O -81 O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -was O -found O -between O -blood O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -plasma O -acetate O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -plasma O -acetate O -accumulation O -was O -negligible O -compared O -to O -the O -concomitant O -lactate B-Chemical -accumulation O -( O -1 O -: O -60 O -) O -, O -and O -did O -not O -contribute O -to O -the O -metabolic O -acidosis O -of O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -acetate O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -as O -well O -as O -acid O -- O -base O -- O -parameters O -were O -followed O -during O -acetate O -( O -dogs O -I O -- O -V O -) O -or O -lactate B-Chemical -( O -dogs O -VI O -- O -X O -) O -loading O -during O -stable O -hypotension O -( O -mean O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -30 O -mmHg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -actual O -loads O -were O -rapidly O -removed O -, O -while O -the O -equivalent O -lactate B-Chemical -loads O -caused O -progressive O -accumulation O -of O -the O -lactate B-Chemical -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetate O -may O -thus O -be O -given O -during O -haemorrhagic O -shock O -without O -the O -same O -risk O -of O -accumulation O -that O -is O -carried O -by O -the O -equivalent O -amounts O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -on O -somatostatin O -secretion O -from O -the O -isolated O -perfused O -canine O -pancreas O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -was O -abolished O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -stimulatory O -effect O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -on O -somatostatin O -release O -is O -secondary O -to O -increases O -in O -calcium B-Chemical -influx O -into O -the O -D O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -determined O -the O -distribution O -in O -cord O -blood O -from O -healthy O -newborns O -of O -six O -enzymes O -: O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -aspartate B-Chemical -and O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -, O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -and O -gamma O -- O -glutamyltransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -type O -II O -error O -in O -the O -present O -trial O -( O -or O -a O -type O -I O -error O -in O -the O -prophylactic O -one O -) O -is O -a O -possibility O -, O -or O -the O -patient O -- O -group O -selected O -for O -the O -present O -trial O -had O -a O -spontaneously O -benign O -course O -, O -cases O -demanding O -prednisone B-Chemical -or O -colectomy O -having O -been O -excluded O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -consecutive O -study O -of O -216 O -outpatients O -with O -chronic O -inflammatory O -bowel O -diseases O -( O -CIBD O -) O -low O -serum O -and O -erythrocyte O -folate B-Chemical -levels O -were O -found O -in O -59 O -% O -and O -26 O -% O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -folate B-Chemical -intakes O -were O -borderline O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -with O -low O -folate B-Chemical -values O -the O -reticulocyte O -count O -was O -elevated O -( O -related O -to O -the O -dose O -of O -salazosulphapyridine O -) O -, O -and O -the O -51Cr O -erythrocyte O -survival O -was O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -disturbed O -maturation O -to O -functional O -end O -cells O -which O -can O -be O -corrected O -in O -most O -instances O -by O -ALG O -, O -infusion O -of O -allogeneic O -marrow O -and O -low O -dose O -androgens B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Deferoxamine O -methanesulfonate O -( O -Desferal O -) O -, O -an O -iron B-Chemical -chelator O -, O -inhibited O -germ O -tube O -formation O -and O -growth O -of O -Trichophyton O -mentagrophytes O -in O -a O -microculture O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -indicate O -that O -Desferal O -and O -transferrin O -deprive O -T O -. O -mentagrophytes O -of O -nutritional O -iron B-Chemical -and O -thus O -inhibit O -growth O -of O -the O -fungus O -. O - -aps B-category -Biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -are O -small O -chemical O -mediator O -molecules O -synthesized O -from O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -by O -the O -body O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -from O -this O -and O -related O -work O -, O -by O -many O -other O -investigators O -as O -well O -, O -have O -general O -implications O -for O -biomedical O -research O -, O -including O -: O -( O -A O -) O -Biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -have O -multiple O -sources O -, O -messages O -, O -targets O -and O -possible O -controls O -, O -depending O -on O -species O -( O -genetics O -) O -, O -developmental O -stage O -and O -age O -, O -and O -in O -relation O -to O -tissue O -regions O -and O -responses O -during O -both O -adaptations O -and O -disease O -states O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Hazards O -of O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -poisoning O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -of O -210 O -cases O -of O -voluntary O -intoxications O -by O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -alone O -, O -out O -of O -a O -total O -of O -2080 O -intoxicated O -patients O -admitted O -at O -the O -Hospital O -of O -Tours O -, O -shows O -that O -when O -no O -other O -drugs O -is O -associated O -the O -prognosis O -is O -good O -, O -both O -for O -children O -and O -for O -adults O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -having O -analysed O -the O -drugs O -present O -in O -the O -gastric O -juice O -, O -and O -after O -having O -checked O -that O -only O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -are O -implied O -, O -the O -patient O -can O -usually O -be O -taken O -care O -of O -on O -a O -non O -specialized O -ward O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Rational O -use O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -there O -was O -provided O -evidence O -that O -oxygen B-Chemical -was O -being O -transported O -and O -released O -in O -the O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -especially O -in O -the O -postoperative O -phase O -a O -sufficient O -caloric O -nutrition O -improves O -the O -therapeutic O -results O -, O -one O -could O -make O -use O -of O -the O -possibility O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -supply O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -a O -period O -of O -48 O -hours O -the O -electrolytes O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -the O -pH O -- O -value O -were O -controlled O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Soldering O -joints O -between O -precious O -metal O -alloys O -and O -chromium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cobalt I-Chemical -alloys O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatotoxicity O -of O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -in O -normal O -goats O -by O -the O -assay O -of O -serum O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -examine O -the O -mechanism O -of O -the O -recently O -reported O -effect O -of O -an O -acidified O -intragastric O -test O -meal O -on O -insulin O -release O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -homeostasis O -, O -a O -liver O -extract O -test O -meal O -at O -either O -pH O -2 O -or O -pH O -7 O -was O -instilled O -into O -the O -stomach O -of O -normal O -dogs O -and O -dogs O -with O -a O -chemical O -sympathectomy O -or O -indomethacin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -prostaglandin B-Chemical -deficiency O -, O -all O -of O -which O -had O -a O -bisected O -pylorus O -and O -gastric O -fistula O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -not O -altered O -in O -chemically O -sympathectomized O -dogs O -, O -nor O -during O -the O -infusion O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -activated O -uterine O -renin O -was O -found O -identical O -to O -active O -uterine O -renin O -by O -1 O -) O -the O -formation O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -with O -time O -after O -addition O -of O -rat O -substrate O -, O -2 O -) O -the O -pressor O -response O -in O -the O -rat O -, O -3 O -) O -neutralization O -by O -antirenin O -and O -4 O -) O -similar O -Michaelian O -constants O -. O - -aps B-category -ATP O -and O -alpha O -- O -ketoglutarate O -slightly O -stimulates O -the O -process O -while O -CoA O -and O -chloroquine B-Chemical -have O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -induced O -acute O -hepatitis O -in O -rats O -with O -the O -amino B-Chemical -sugar O -Galactosamine O -by O -i O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -on O -central O -haemodynamics O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -mean O -) O -to O -2 O -. O -88 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -19 O -l O -/ O -min O -/ O -m2 O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -, O -and O -systemic O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -improved O -from O -8 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -6 O -to O -9 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -ml O -/ O -min O -/ O -kg O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Arteriovenous O -oxygen B-Chemical -content O -difference O -decreased O -from O -4 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -( O -CMV O -+ O -PEEP O -) O -to O -3 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -2 O -( O -CPAP O -) O -ml O -/ O -100 O -ml O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -, O -while O -total O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -remained O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -kg O -- O -1 O -) O -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -06 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -and O -clinical O -experience O -with O -enflurane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Renal O -function O -, O -fluoride B-Chemical -formation O -and O -excretion O -were O -studied O -during O -and O -after O -enflurane B-Chemical -anaesthesia O -in O -seven O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Enflurane B-Chemical -was O -metabolized O -to O -inorganic O -fluoride B-Chemical -with O -a O -mean O -maximal O -serum O -level O -of O -17 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -3 O -microM O -. O - -aps B-category -Postoperatively O -, O -there O -was O -a O -highly O -significant O -correlation O -between O -the O -increase O -in O -fractional O -fluoride B-Chemical -excretion O -and O -the O -rise O -in O -urinary O -pH O -during O -two O -consecutive O -3 O -- O -hour O -periods O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -enflurane B-Chemical -on O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -2 O -% O -enflurane B-Chemical -, O -a O -small O -, O -and O -in O -two O -regions O -a O -significant O -decrease O -in O -rCBF O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -significant O -changes O -in O -the O -plasma O -levels O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -, O -insulin O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -3 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -butyrate O -or O -glycerol O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Activity O -of O -various O -blood O -serum O -enzymes O -of O -rats O -during O -administration O -of O -Pb O -, O -Cu O -, O -and O -Zn O -salts O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -therapy O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulfasalazine B-Chemical -and O -its O -active O -components O -, O -5 O -- O -aminosalicylic O -acid O -( O -5 O -- O -ASA O -) O -and O -sulfapyridine O -( O -SP O -) O -, O -are O -potent O -modulators O -of O -inflammatory O -reactions O -but O -with O -somewhat O -different O -modes O -of O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -thus O -suggested O -that O -sulfasalazine B-Chemical -is O -not O -just O -a O -vehicle O -for O -delivering O -its O -active O -components O -in O -the O -colon O -, O -but O -that O -its O -therapeutic O -effect O -is O -ulcerative O -colitis O -and O -other O -inflammatory O -reactions O -is O -a O -result O -of O -the O -concurrent O -action O -of O -the O -three O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Erythrocytes O -from O -ten O -patients O -with O -severe O -liver O -disease O -displayed O -low O -methylene O -blue O -- O -stimulated O -hexose O -monophosphate O -( O -HMP O -) O -shunt O -activity O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -recycling O -despite O -elevated O -total O -glucose B-Chemical -consumption O -when O -compared O -to O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -hemolysis O -, O -no O -differences O -in O -methylene O -- O -blue O -estimulated O -HMP O -shunt O -activity O -or O -glucose B-Chemical -recycling O -could O -be O -demonstrated O -between O -patients O -and O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -to O -the O -incubation O -mixture O -produced O -no O -significant O -stimulation O -of O -either O -HMP O -shunt O -activity O -or O -glucose B-Chemical -recycling O -, O -unless O -methylene O -blue O -was O -also O -added O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -absence O -of O -additional O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -a O -reduction O -of O -shunt O -metabolism O -was O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -awareness O -or O -unpleasant O -dreams O -was O -considerably O -higher O -in O -the O -placebo O -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -series O -( O -6 O -. O -2 O -% O -and O -7 O -. O -5 O -% O -) O -than O -in O -the O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -lorazepam B-Chemical -series O -( O -nil O -and O -2 O -. O -1 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -relief O -from O -preoperative O -anxiety O -- O -and O -possibly O -a O -reduction O -in O -the O -likelihood O -of O -awareness O -- O -without O -undue O -effect O -upon O -the O -infant O -is O -considered O -desirable O -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -5 O -mg O -is O -the O -preferred O -choice O -from O -the O -four O -drugs O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Lipid O -- O -free O -cells O -of O -Nocardia O -opaca O -and O -a O -cell O -extract O -( O -NWSM O -) O -are O -interferon B-Chemical -inducers O -in O -syrian O -hamsters O -: O -peak O -interferon B-Chemical -appears O -2 O -h O -after O -injection O -as O -compared O -to O -8 O -h O -in O -the O -case O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -induced O -by O -inactivated O -NDV O -virus O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -nucleotides O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -lymphocyte O -regulation O -and O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -Rumen O -fermentations O -with O -NaOH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -straw I-Chemical -rations O -. O - -aps B-category -Rosaramicin O -versus O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -in O -experimental O -Pneumococcal O -meningitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Animals O -were O -infected O -intracisternally O -with O -10 O -( O -4 O -) O -colony O -- O -forming O -units O -of O -Streptococcus O -pneumoniae O -type O -III O -( O -rosaramicin O -minimal O -inhibitory O -/ O -bactericidal O -concentrations O -, O -0 O -. O -25 O -/ O -0 O -. O -5 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -; O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -minimal O -inhibitory O -/ O -bactericidal O -concentrations O -, O -0 O -. O -03 O -/ O -0 O -. O -06 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -, O -at O -100 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -per O -day O -intramuscularly O -for O -5 O -days O -, O -cured O -7 O -of O -10 O -rabbits O -with O -pneumococcal O -meningitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Reovirus O -aggregated O -at O -pH O -4 O -and O -below O -, O -but O -was O -found O -to O -aggregate O -only O -in O -acetate O -or O -tris O -( O -hydroxymethyl O -) O -aminomethane B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -buffers O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -both O -viruses O -, O -the O -most O -effective O -aggregation O -was O -induced O -by O -buffers O -having O -a O -substantial O -monovalently O -charged O -anionic O -component O -, O -such O -as O -acetate O -at O -pH O -5 O -and O -6 O -or O -citrate B-Chemical -at O -pH O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Abiotic O -factors O -affecting O -the O -toxicity O -of O -lead B-Chemical -to O -fungi O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -toxicity O -of O -Pb O -was O -potentiated O -under O -acidic O -conditions O -( O -pH O -5 O -and O -6 O -) O -, O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -or O -carbonate O -anions O -reduced O -the O -toxicity O -, O -apparently O -as O -a O -result O -of O -the O -formation O -of O -sparingly O -soluble O -Pb O -salts O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -copper B-Chemical -on O -the O -sabellid O -polychaete O -, O -Eudistylia O -vancouveri O -: O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -experiments O -with O -a O -sabellid O -polychaete O -( O -Eudistylia O -vancouveri O -) O -show O -the O -threshold O -concentration O -for O -increasing O -copper B-Chemical -accumulation O -with O -time O -to O -lie O -between O -3 O -and O -6 O -micrograms O -/ O -L O -total O -copper B-Chemical -in O -seawater O -during O -winter O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -studies O -indicate O -that O -the O -body O -burden O -of O -copper B-Chemical -will O -increase O -above O -natural O -levels O -in O -areas O -of O -industrial O -discharge O -where O -copper B-Chemical -levels O -are O -above O -the O -threshold O -limit O -for O -accumulation O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -enzyme O -which O -catalyzed O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -crotoxyphos O -( O -( O -E O -) O -- O -1 O -- O -phenylethyl O -3 O -- O -[ O -( O -dimethoxyphosphinyl O -) O -oxy O -] O -- O -2 O -- O -butenoate O -) O -was O -isolated O -from O -nonsterile O -and O -radiation O -- O -sterilized O -Chehalis O -clay O -loam O -with O -1 O -. O -5M O -Tris O -( O -2 O -- O -( O -hydroxymethyl O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -nitro O -- O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -propanediol O -) O -and O -partially O -purified O -with O -lead B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -hexachlorobenzene O -on O -enzymes O -of O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -alterations O -of O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -metabolism O -lead B-Chemical -to O -increased O -formation O -of O -5 O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -steroids I-Chemical -which O -are O -known O -to O -be O -inducers O -of O -the O -porphyrin O -biosynthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -granules O -occur O -near O -to O -others O -that O -are O -less O -dense O -, O -unreactive O -to O -" O -Masson O -" O -, O -and O -that O -contain O -an O -argyrophilic O -matrix O -, O -with O -an O -eccentric O -electron O -dense O -core O -, O -which O -does O -not O -react O -with O -silver B-Chemical -; O -" O -F O -- O -like O -" O -cells O -contain O -granules O -which O -are O -variable O -in O -shape O -, O -size O -and O -osmiophilia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitizing I-Chemical -activity O -was O -more O -dispersed O -, O -but O -its O -specific O -activity O -was O -also O -highest O -in O -the O -outer O -membrane O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -Variability O -of O -ionized O -calcium B-Chemical -with O -pH O -of O -normal O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -Alteration O -of O -the O -enzymology O -of O -chloral O -hydrate O -reduction O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -antidepressant B-Chemical -and O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -on O -respiratory O -function O -of O -rat O -heart O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectral O -evidences O -for O -metabolic O -conversion O -of O -methamphetamine B-Chemical -to O -N O -- O -hydroxyamphetamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -5 O -' O -- O -Nucleotidase O -by O -adenosine B-Chemical -is O -of O -non O -- O -competitive O -type O -, O -for O -both O -normal O -and O -liver O -cirrhotic O -sera O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sodium B-Chemical -channel O -in O -non O -- O -impulsive O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -22Na O -+ O -influx O -analyses O -have O -shown O -that O -veratridine B-Chemical -and O -the O -sea O -anemone O -toxin O -produce O -an O -important O -increase O -of O -the O -initial O -rate O -of O -22Na O -+ O -influx O -into O -the O -C9 O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -22Na O -+ O -entry O -into O -the O -cell O -through O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -channel O -maintained O -open O -by O -the O -gating O -system O -neurotoxins O -is O -completely O -suppressed O -by O -tetrodotoxin O -. O - -aps B-category -Limited O -proteolysis O -of O -this O -hemoglobin O -with O -subtilisin O -produces O -14 O -, O -800 O -and O -16 O -, O -500 O -dalton O -heme O -- O -containing O -polypeptides O -( O -domains O -) O -which O -bind O -oxygen B-Chemical -reversibly O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxygen O -binding O -properties O -of O -the O -intact O -hemoglobin O -show O -a O -low O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -with O -a O -slight O -Bohr O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molar O -ellipticity O -of O -the O -warfarin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -albumin I-Chemical -complex O -at O -310 O -nm O -increases O -with O -pH O -from O -6 O -to O -9 O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -give O -support O -to O -the O -assumption O -that O -the O -binding O -site O -for O -warfarin B-Chemical -on O -the O -albumin O -molecule O -is O -affected O -by O -the O -neutral O -- O -to O -- O -base O -transition O -in O -the O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Transcutaneous O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -measurement O -during O -halothane B-Chemical -and O -neurolept O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Metoclopramide B-Chemical -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -in O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Tardive O -dyskinesia O -rating O -scores O -were O -improved O -significantly O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -6 O -hours O -after O -dosing O -by O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -40 O -mg O -, O -and O -haloperidol B-Chemical -5 O -mg O -and O -10 O -mg O -, O -when O -compared O -to O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -monitoring O -the O -effects O -of O -single O -doses O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -blocking O -drugs O -in O -patients O -with O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -it O -is O -possible O -to O -compare O -the O -relative O -potencies O -of O -these O -drugs O -on O -dopaminergic O -systems O -in O -vivo O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Placental O -and O -mammary O -transfer O -of O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -introduced O -as O -a O -gas O -into O -the O -abdominal O -cavity O -of O -the O -rat O -, O -oxygen B-Chemical -above O -the O -initial O -concentration O -of O -10 O -% O -provokes O -vasodilatation O -, O -perivascular O -oedematous O -infiltrations O -and O -fluid O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -F O -and O -R O -fimbriae O -differed O -slightly O -in O -their O -response O -to O -pH O -and O -freeze O -- O -thaw O -regimes O -but O -were O -similar O -in O -their O -resistance O -to O -hydrolytic O -enzymes O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -, O -molecular O -weight O -, O -carbohydrate O -content O -, O -and O -antigenic O -determinants O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -protein O -contained O -phosphate B-Chemical -or O -carbohydrate O -residues O -and O -both O -were O -found O -to O -contain O -N O -- O -methylphenylalanine O -at O -the O -amino B-Chemical -terminus O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -categories O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -substrates O -are O -defined O -for O -Rhizobium O -meliloti O -: O -the O -first O -favours O -the O -synthesis O -of O -exopolysaccharides O -( O -fructose O -belongs O -to O -this O -category O -) O -while O -the O -other O -is O -not O -suitable O -( O -glucose B-Chemical -belongs O -to O -this O -category O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -used O -to O -stop O -this O -acidification O -allows O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -a O -synthesis O -which O -can O -be O -compared O -to O -the O -one O -obtained O -with O -fructose O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mesophilic O -anaerobe O -, O -a O -member O -of O -the O -Bacteroidaceae O -family O -( O -NRC2248 O -) O -, O -isolated O -from O -a O -cellulose O -- O -enrichment O -culture O -, O -digested O -untreated O -Whatman O -cellulose O -powder O -and O -HCl O -- O -treated O -cotton O -battings O -while O -producing O -hydrogen B-Chemical -, O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -, O -cellobiose O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -and O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -as O -the O -sole O -volatile O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -grew O -well O -in O -synthetic O -medium O -containing O -ammonium B-Chemical -salts O -as O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -and O -having O -a O -pH O -value O -of O -7 O -. O -0 O -- O -7 O -. O -1 O -and O -an O -Eh O -value O -of O -- O -160mV O -or O -lower O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -some O -properties O -of O -uridine B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -N O -- O -acetylglucosamine O -pyrophosphorylase O -from O -Neurospora O -crassa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -activity O -was O -highly O -stimulated O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -or O -dithioerythritol O -but O -was O -lost O -by O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -inhibitory O -reagents O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -the O -amide O -nitrogen B-Chemical -was O -used O -for O -growth O -since O -growth O -did O -not O -occur O -on O -aspartate B-Chemical -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -accumulated O -in O -the O -media O -when O -cells O -were O -either O -grown O -on O -asparagine O -or O -during O -short O -- O -term O -incubations O -with O -L O -- O -[ O -U O -- O -14C O -] O -asparagine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -behaved O -like O -a O -periplasmic O -space O -enzyme O -since O -( O -1 O -) O -breaking O -the O -cells O -did O -not O -release O -into O -solution O -more O -activity O -than O -was O -shown O -by O -whole O -cells O -and O -( O -2 O -) O -whole O -cells O -converted O -L O -- O -[ O -U O -- O -14C O -] O -asparagine O -to O -[ O -14C O -] O -aspartate B-Chemical -with O -little O -intracellular O -accumulation O -of O -radioactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Monascus O -rubiginosus O -ATCC O -16367 O -was O -cultivated O -aerobically O -in O -media O -containing O -ammonium B-Chemical -and O -nitrate B-Chemical -as O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -. O - -aps B-category -More O -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -taken O -up O -on O -the O -nitrate B-Chemical -medium O -, O -but O -potassium B-Chemical -uptake O -did O -not O -start O -until O -24h O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -pH O -was O -adjusted O -, O -the O -uptakes O -changed O -, O -especially O -on O -the O -ammonium B-Chemical -medium O -where O -a O -great O -increase O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -uptake O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -pH O -of O -either O -media O -was O -adjusted O -, O -the O -development O -of O -conidia O -and O -pigment O -production O -changed O -to O -that O -of O -the O -other O -control O -medium O -where O -the O -pH O -evolved O -normally O -in O -the O -direction O -of O -the O -change O -, O -regardless O -of O -the O -source O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -( O -AP O -) O -, O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -transpeptidase O -and O -leucine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -as O -well O -as O -the O -total O -bile B-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -concentration O -( O -Tbs O -) O -were O -measured O -in O -bile O -specimens O -collected O -spontaneously O -at O -7 O -and O -11 O -a O -. O -m O -. O -and O -4 O -and O -9 O -p O -. O -m O -. O -from O -the O -3rd O -- O -9th O -postoperative O -day O -of O -16 O -patients O -with O -T O -- O -tube O -insertion O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -enterohepatic O -circulation O -of O -bile O -salts O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -delivery O -of O -membrane O -- O -bound O -cholestatic O -enzymes O -into O -the O -bile O -canaliculi O -without O -damage O -to O -the O -hepatocyte O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -prospective O -study O -of O -181 O -patients O -suspected O -of O -having O -liver O -disease O -was O -carried O -out O -to O -determine O -the O -relative O -efficiencies O -of O -serum O -bilirubin B-Chemical -( O -total O -and O -direct O -) O -, O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -( O -AP O -) O -, O -gamma O -glutamyl O -transferase O -( O -GGT O -) O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -ALT O -) O -, O -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -AST O -) O -with O -respect O -to O -diagnosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Prolactin O -release O -by O -intravenous O -cimetidine B-Chemical -in O -man O -: O -evidence O -for O -a O -suprapituitary O -locus O -on O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serum O -prolactin O -response O -to O -cimetidine B-Chemical -was O -abolished O -by O -dopamine B-Chemical -infusion O -and O -almost O -completely O -suppressed O -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -plus O -carbidopa B-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -synthesis O -and O -degradation O -in O -the O -chick O -( O -Gallus O -gallus O -) O -and O -the O -rat O -( O -Rattus O -rattus O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -and O -propanolol B-Chemical -on O -the O -metabolic O -rate O -of O -degus O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -paradoxical O -behavioral O -toxicity O -in O -young O -borderline O -schizoprenics O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -regional O -levels O -of O -three O -neurotransmitter O -amines B-Chemical -- O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -, O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -- O -were O -measured O -in O -young O -rats O -prior O -to O -weaning O -to O -determine O -the O -extent O -to O -which O -modifications O -in O -levels O -of O -amines B-Chemical -might O -reflect O -alterations O -in O -the O -sex O -steroid B-Chemical -hormonal O -environment O -during O -the O -first O -postnatal O -week O -in O -the O -life O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Levels O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -in O -the O -corpus O -striatum O -and O -the O -midbrain O -of O -males O -were O -greater O -than O -those O -of O -the O -female O -. O - -aps B-category -Castration O -on O -day O -1 O -, O -or O -diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical -given O -on O -days O -2 O -, O -4 O -, O -and O -6 O -, O -resulted O -in O -apparent O -feminization O -of O -NE O -levels O -in O -the O -hypothalamus O -of O -12 O -- O -day O -- O -old O -male O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stoichiometry O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -albumin I-Chemical -interaction O -has O -been O -analyzed O -and O -quantitated O -in O -several O -recent O -studies O -, O -confirming O -that O -albumin O -binding O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -obeys O -the O -law O -of O -mass O -action O -[ O -4 O -, O -5 O -, O -14 O -, O -16 O -, O -26 O -, O -36 O -, O -43 O -, O -46 O -, O -61 O -, O -65 O -, O -73 O -, O -92 O -, O -111 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -report O -, O -we O -propose O -a O -model O -of O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -kernicterus O -which O -views O -serum O -albumin O -and O -tissue O -as O -competing O -with O -each O -other O -for O -binding O -the O -miscible O -bilirubin B-Chemical -pool O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -propose O -that O -albumin O -binding O -is O -determined O -by O -the O -concentration O -of O -free O -bilirubin B-Chemical -anion O -( O -which O -is O -essentially O -unaffected O -by O -physiologic O -pH O -changes O -) O -, O -and O -that O -tissue O -binding O -is O -mainly O -determined O -by O -the O -concentration O -of O -free O -bilirubin B-Chemical -acid O -( O -which O -is O -greatly O -influenced O -by O -pH O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -developing O -this O -argument O -, O -we O -will O -sequentially O -discuss O -relevant O -features O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -chemistry O -, O -the O -binding O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -to O -albumin O -, O -the O -formation O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tissue I-Chemical -complexes O -, O -bilirubin B-Chemical -toxicity O -, O -alternative O -viewpoints O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -transport O -, O -and O -, O -finally O -, O -the O -implications O -of O -this O -model O -to O -the O -clinical O -management O -of O -jaundiced O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pharmacokinetics O -and O -biotransformation O -of O -the O -new O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -lormetazepam O -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -enzymatic O -hydrolysis O -with O -beta O -- O -glucuronidase O -/ O -arylsulphatase O -, O -an O -average O -of O -90 O -% O -of O -total O -radioactivity O -from O -various O -urine O -and O -plasma O -samples O -was O -extractable O -with O -ether B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -amount O -of O -excreted O -lorazepam B-Chemical -conjugate O -was O -demonstrated O -to O -be O -time O -- O -dependent O -, O -probably O -due O -to O -enterohepatic O -circulation O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Pharmacological O -properties O -of O -procaterol B-Chemical -, O -a O -newly O -synthetized O -, O -specific O -beta O -2 O -- O -adrenoceptor O -stimulant O -. O - -aps B-category -Methamphetamine B-Chemical -induced O -increase O -in O -motility O -and O -fighting O -behavior O -was O -also O -suppressed O -by O -PRO O -when O -similar O -doses O -were O -given O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -analgesic O -effect O -of O -PRO O -was O -not O -observed O -with O -Haffner O -' O -s O -and O -Landall O -Selitto O -' O -s O -methods O -but O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -induced O -writhing O -was O -suppressed O -by O -PRO O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -properties O -of O -procaterol B-Chemical -( O -PRO O -) O -in O -the O -peripheral O -organs O -were O -examined O -in O -comparison O -with O -those O -of O -sulbutamol O -( O -SAL O -) O -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -ISO O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -PRO O -has O -no O -effect O -on O -blood O -coagulation O -and O -hemolysis O -but O -inhibited O -carrageenin O -edema O -and O -an O -increase O -in O -permeability O -of O -blood O -vessels O -induced O -by O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -indication O -for O -azathioprine B-Chemical -( O -Imurek O -) O -has O -to O -be O -strictly O -adjusted O -, O -but O -amongst O -the O -immunosuppresive O -drugs O -it O -is O -without O -doubt O -the O -best O -tolerated O -substance O -and O -- O -- O -provided O -that O -regular O -controls O -are O -carried O -out O -- O -- O -is O -therefore O -also O -suitable O -for O -long O -- O -term O -treatment O -in O -practice O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -positive O -correlation O -between O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -and O -the O -excretion O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -androstenedione O -, O -LH O -and O -FSH O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mult O -- O -channel O -system O -for O -continuous O -bedside O -monitoring O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -pH O -pCO2 O -and O -automatic O -computer O -- O -controlled O -infusion O -of O -insulin O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -solutions O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Microenvironments O -of O -the O -three O -histidine O -residues O -located O -at O -the O -positions O -18 O -, O -26 O -, O -and O -33 O -from O -the O -amino B-Chemical -terminus O -in O -bovine O -heart O -cytochrome O -c O -were O -analysed O -in O -solution O -by O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tritium I-Chemical -exchange O -titration O -method O -, O -which O -has O -been O -developed O -in O -this O -laboratory O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -aminosuccinyl O -peptides O -during O -acidolytic O -deprotection O -followed O -by O -their O -transformation O -to O -piperazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -, O -5 O -- O -dione O -derivatives O -in O -neutral O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -HCl O -( O -Asc O -, O -aminosuccinyl O -) O -, O -which O -transformed O -partially O -to O -cyclo O -[ O -Leu O -- O -Asp O -( O -Phe O -- O -NH2 O -) O -] O -during O -its O -purification O -by O -column O -chromatography O -on O -silica O -gel O -with O -a O -mixture O -of O -ethyl O -acetate O -/ O -pyridine O -/ O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -/ O -water O -= O -60 O -: O -20 O -: O -6 O -: O -11 O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -aqueous O -ethanol B-Chemical -the O -X O -- O -Asc O -- O -Y O -- O -NH2 O -( O -X O -, O -Pro O -, O -Leu O -; O -Y O -, O -Gly O -, O -Ala O -, O -Val O -, O -Phg O -, O -Phe O -) O -containing O -N O -- O -terminal O -proline O -are O -more O -readily O -transformed O -to O -piperazine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -, O -5 O -- O -dione O -derivatives O -, O -but O -compared O -to O -simple O -proline O -dipeptides O -the O -rate O -of O -this O -transformation O -is O -relatively O -slow O -because O -of O -the O -crowdedness O -of O -the O -tricyclic O -transitional O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -and O -iontophoretic O -studies O -on O -centrally O -active O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -a I-Chemical -search O -for O -physiological O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -( O -open O -design O -) O -, O -10 O -out O -of O -30 O -hospitalized O -chronic O -schizophrenic O -patients O -showed O -before O -the O -end O -of O -4 O -weeks O -a O -significant O -increase O -of O -their O -symptomatology O -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -the O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -the O -group O -of O -patients O -with O -later O -relapse O -and O -the O -group O -without O -relapse O -showed O -only O -slight O -differences O -concerning O -psychopathological O -symptoms O -but O -significant O -differences O -concerning O -test O -performance O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolic O -pathways O -are O -well O -developed O -in O -respect O -of O -the O -utilization O -of O -succinic O -, O -malic O -, O -glutamic O -, O -lactic O -and O -isocitric O -acids O -, O -beta O -- O -hydroxybutyric O -acid O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -and O -they O -also O -possess O -phosphatases O -, O -non O -- O -specific O -esterases O -and O -leucine B-Chemical -naphthylamidase O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -shown O -that O -a O -rapid O -change O -in O -[ O -HCO3 O -- O -] O -CSF O -occurs O -during O -the O -infusion O -of O -HCl O -or O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -investigated O -the O -value O -of O -various O -common O -acids O -as O -ion O -- O -pairing O -reagents O -for O -high O -- O -efficiency O -separations O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -their O -metabolites O -in O -reversed O -- O -phase O -high O -- O -performance O -liquid O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Chromatography O -was O -compared O -to O -that O -seen O -using O -the O -detergent O -sodium B-Chemical -octylsulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -experiments O -show O -that O -simple O -acids O -can O -replace O -alkylsulfates O -as O -ion O -- O -pairing O -reagents O -for O -the O -separation O -of O -the O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -their O -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacokinetics O -of O -nadolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -: O -administration O -of O -therapeutic O -single O -- O -and O -multiple O -- O -dosage O -regimens O -to O -hypertensive O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -suckling O -, O -anaesthetized O -lactating O -rats O -release O -regular O -( O -about O -every O -7 O -min O -) O -but O -brief O -pulses O -of O -oxytocin B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -- O -1 O -. O -0 O -mu O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -which O -inhibit O -the O -synthesis O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -both O -blocked O -the O -suckling O -- O -induced O -release O -of O -oxytocin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -( O -40 O -micrograms O -) O -, O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -( O -10 O -micrograms O -) O -, O -apomorphine B-Chemical -( O -100 O -micrograms O -) O -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -10 O -micrograms O -) O -and O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -( O -2 O -micrograms O -) O -injected O -into O -the O -cerebral O -ventricles O -evoked O -a O -sustained O -release O -of O -oxytocin B-Chemical -which O -produced O -multiple O -increases O -in O -intramammary O -pressure O -; O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -( O -4 O -micrograms O -) O -was O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -drugs O -used O -affected O -the O -mammary O -sensitivity O -to O -exogenous O -oxytocin B-Chemical -nor O -were O -their O -actions O -modified O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanism O -of O -inhibition O -of O -active O -potassium B-Chemical -transport O -in O -isolated O -midgut O -of O -Manduca O -sexta O -by O -Bacillus O -thuringiensis O -endotoxin O -. O - -aps B-category -Influx O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -from O -blood O -- O -side O -to O -lumen O -- O -side O -( O -' O -active O -' O -flux O -) O -was O -unaffected O -but O -flux O -in O -the O -reverse O -direction O -was O -nearly O -tripled O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -argued O -that O -inhibition O -is O -not O -primarily O -by O -uncoupling O -of O -oxidative O -phosphorylation O -, O -but O -instead O -by O -interference O -with O -an O -active O -depression O -of O -the O -efflux O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -from O -lumen O -- O -side O -to O -blood O -- O -side O -. O - -aps B-category -Slowing O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -current O -turn O -- O -off O -by O -Condylactis O -toxin O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -data O -, O -it O -seems O -that O -two O -different O -changes O -appear O -in O -lysosomes O -, O -the O -enzyme O -- O -reservoir O -of O -the O -cell O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -Enzyme O -- O -synthesis O -is O -increased O -after O -trauma O -, O -measured O -as O -augmentation O -of O -total O -soluble O -protease O -activity O -in O -our O -experiments O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -Breakage O -or O -increased O -permeability O -of O -lysosomes O -lead B-Chemical -to O -augmentation O -of O -especially O -neutral O -proteases O -in O -the O -cytoplasm O -followed O -by O -the O -well O -known O -autolytic O -areas O -of O -generalized O -traumatic O -brain O -edema O -. O - -aps B-category -of O -mean O -) O -were O -[ O -3H O -] O -nicotine B-Chemical -, O -6 O -. O -17 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -12 O -; O -[ O -14C O -] O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -6 O -. O -08 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -14 O -[ O -3H O -] O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -7 O -. O -10 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -16 O -; O -[ O -14C O -] O -trimethylamine O -, O -6 O -. O -73 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -13 O -; O -[ O -14C O -] O -procaine B-Chemical -, O -10 O -. O -13 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -26 O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -was O -not O -reproduced O -by O -respiratory O -inhibitors O -or O -by O -exposure O -to O -lactate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -is O -reversed O -by O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Supplementation O -of O -the O -proteose O -- O -peptone O -growth O -medium O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -causes O -a O -decrease O -in O -total O -hexosaminidase O -subsequently O -secreted O -but O -with O -no O -change O -in O -proportion O -of O -each O -isozyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -cation O -radicals O -with O -faster O -reaction O -rates O -with O -nucleophiles O -are O -more O -pharmacologically O -active O -, O -it O -is O -hypothesized O -that O -the O -cation O -radical O -- O -nucleophile O -interaction O -may O -be O -responsible O -for O -binding O -of O -phenothiazines B-Chemical -to O -receptor O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fact O -that O -amphotericin B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -acts O -as O -echinocytogenic O -agent O -in O -low O -ionic O -strength O -medium O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -but O -not O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -1 O -underlines O -this O -explanation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -order O -is O -identical O -to O -that O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -Na O -+ O -- O -Na O -+ O -exchange O -in O -these O -species O -, O -but O -bears O -no O -relation O -to O -the O -Na O -+ O -- O -K O -+ O -pump O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Na O -+ O -- O -Li O -+ O -exchange O -of O -human O -and O -beef O -erythrocytes O -increased O -3 O -. O -5 O -- O -fold O -upon O -elevation O -of O -the O -extracellular O -pH O -from O -6 O -to O -8 O -. O -5 O -, O -the O -pH O -- O -dependence O -arising O -from O -a O -change O -in O -affinity O -of O -the O -system O -for O -the O -cations O -and O -being O -similar O -to O -that O -reported O -for O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -Na O -+ O -- O -Na O -+ O -exchange O -in O -beef O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -exchange O -system O -seems O -to O -be O -distinct O -from O -the O -conventional O -Na O -+ O -- O -K O -+ O -pump O -and O -shows O -no O -clear O -relation O -to O -one O -of O -the O -furosemide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -, O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -Na O -+ O -transport O -systems O -described O -in O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulfatide O -content O -and O -( O -Na O -+ O -+ O -K O -+ O -) O -- O -ATPase O -activity O -in O -skin O -are O -in O -direct O -relationship O -with O -the O -level O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -flux O -present O -during O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -insensitive I-Chemical -ATPase O -remains O -virtually O -unchanged O -with O -the O -treatment O -, O -even O -with O -a O -high O -concentration O -of O -arylsulfatase O -or O -with O -ouabain B-Chemical -present O -in O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -experimental O -procedure O -for O -increasing O -the O -structural O -resolution O -of O -chemical O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -exchange I-Chemical -measurements O -on O -proteins O -: O -application O -to O -ribonuclease O -S O -peptide O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Changes O -of O -some O -enzymes O -in O -small O -intestinal O -mucosa O -of O -rats O -after O -chronic O -ethanol B-Chemical -ingestion O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -compositions O -of O -several O -monomeric O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductases O -from O -a O -variety O -of O -species O -have O -been O -determined O -and O -analyzed O -by O -the O -difference O -index O -method O -of O -Metzger O -et O -al O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extent O -of O -sequence O -homology O -among O -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductases O -from O -these O -species O -was O -estimated O -from O -a O -plot O -of O -difference O -index O -versus O -percent O -sequence O -difference O -for O -oxido O -- O -reductases O -of O -known O -sequence O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -with O -rates O -of O -evolution O -of O -oligomeric O -dehydrogenases O -indicates O -that O -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductases O -comprise O -the O -most O -rapidly O -evolving O -family O -of O -oxido O -- O -reductases O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -, O -pindolol B-Chemical -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -atenolol B-Chemical -and O -labetalol B-Chemical -were O -used O -as O -beta O -- O -blockers O -and O -the O -effects O -of O -these O -compounds O -on O -the O -blood O -pressure O -and O -the O -heart O -rate O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -hydralazine B-Chemical -, O -a O -representative O -vasodilating O -antihypertensive O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -labetalol B-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -- O -blocker O -with O -alpha O -- O -blocking O -action O -, O -a O -fall O -of O -blood O -pressure O -appeared O -earlier O -and O -was O -of O -greater O -magnitude O -. O - -aps B-category -Fortification O -of O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -with O -partially O -purified O -cytochrome O -b5 O -produces O -an O -increase O -in O -both O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -and O -NADH O -- O -dependent O -p O -- O -nitroanisole O -O O -- O -demethylation O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -either O -purified O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -or O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -448 O -to O -an O -incubation O -mixture O -containing O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -enhanced O -the O -NADH O -- O -dependent O -p O -- O -nitroanisole O -O O -- O -demethylation O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -by O -catecholamine B-Chemical -of O -purine B-Chemical -catabolism O -in O -rats O -and O -chickens O -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -, O -administered O -intraperitoneally O -in O -a O -high O -dose O -, O -markedly O -increased O -plasma O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -allantoin O -in O -rats O -, O -and O -an O -increase O -was O -also O -observed O -with O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -a O -lower O -dose O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Regarding O -the O -mechanism O -of O -this O -catecholamine B-Chemical -action O -on O -purine B-Chemical -catabolism O -, O -it O -was O -shown O -that O -catecholamine B-Chemical -stimulated O -degradation O -of O -tissue O -ATP O -into O -the O -end O -- O -product O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -was O -potentiated O -and O -/ O -or O -prolonged O -by O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -and O -aminophylline B-Chemical -, O -and O -a O -hyperuricemic O -state O -could O -be O -induced O -by O -catecholamine B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -chickens O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -experimental O -results O -, O -it O -is O -considered O -that O -catecholamines B-Chemical -probably O -play O -a O -important O -role O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -hyperuricemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenylephrine B-Chemical -, O -a O -selective O -alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -stimulant O -, O -caused O -a O -maximal O -relaxation O -of O -the O -taenia O -from O -guinea O -pig O -caecum O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -g O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -abolished O -the O -spontaneous O -spike O -discharge O -, O -no O -change O -was O -detected O -in O -45Ca O -- O -uptake O -and O -45Ca O -- O -efflux O -on O -the O -tissue O -level O -after O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Ca O -free O -- O -solution O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -response O -to O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -obtained O -in O -a O -double O -sensitization O -with O -two O -IgE O -antibodies O -suggest O -that O -AA O -- O -344 O -may O -not O -impair O -antigen O -- O -antibody O -combination O -but O -probably O -prevents O -the O -release O -of O -chemical O -mediators O -including O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -antagonism O -of O -antiavoidance O -, O -cataleptic O -and O -ptotic O -effects O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -by O -biperiden B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cataleptic O -effect O -of O -most O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -used O -was O -antagonized O -to O -some O -extent O -by O -biperiden B-Chemical -, O -while O -the O -ptotic O -effect O -was O -hardly O -influenced O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -thioridazine B-Chemical -, O -chlorprothixene O -, O -levomepromazine B-Chemical -and O -clozapine B-Chemical -was O -little O -antagonized O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -biperiden B-Chemical -antagonism O -may O -be O -marked O -in O -the O -tests O -related O -to O -the O -extrapyramidal O -symptoms O -and O -in O -drugs O -liable O -to O -induce O -extrapyramidal O -side O -effects O -, O -however O -, O -there O -would O -be O -little O -or O -no O -antagonism O -in O -drugs O -possessing O -the O -anticholinergic O -property O -and O -eliciting O -few O -extrapyramidal O -side O -- O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -positive O -inotropic O -effect O -of O -PTX O -was O -enhanced O -in O -high O -Ca2 O -+ O -medium O -but O -was O -not O -modified O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Requirement O -of O -alpha O -- O -receptor O -blockade O -for O -production O -of O -hyperuricemia O -in O -the O -rat O -subjected O -to O -ether B-Chemical -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbon O -monoxide O -inhibited O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -NADPH B-Chemical -oxidation O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -methylviologen O -also O -enhanced O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -loss O -of O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -, O -while O -the O -apparent O -content O -of O -cytochrome O -b5 O -and O -the O -activity O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -remained O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -is O -directly O -degraded O -in O -association O -with O -the O -reductive O -metabolism O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -by O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylcholine O -( O -ACh O -) O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -- O -1000 O -microgram O -) O -administered O -into O -the O -inferior O -mesenteric O -artery O -to O -reach O -the O -mesenteric O -ganglion O -induced O -a O -dose O -- O -dependent O -rise O -in O -perfusion O -pressure O -and O -this O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -was O -shifted O -to O -the O -right O -by O -C6 O -or O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -C6 O -or O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Age O -- O -related O -changes O -in O -cyclic B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -levels O -in O -response O -to O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -in O -the O -rectum O -of O -postnatal O -rats O -and O -the O -localization O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -in O -the O -rectum O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -regulation O -of O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -activity O -in O -intact O -normal O -and O -transformed O -cells O -maintained O -with O -a O -minimal O -salts O -/ O -glucose B-Chemical -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentrations O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -peptone O -, O -and O -yeast O -extract O -in O -the O -medium O -and O -the O -initial O -pH O -of O -the O -medium O -markedly O -affected O -the O -CA O -transformation O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -initial O -pH O -of O -the O -medium O -was O -below O -6 O -. O -5 O -, O -CA O -was O -converted O -to O -7 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -keto I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxycholic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -7KD O -) O -, O -and O -formation O -of O -deoxycholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -DC O -) O -was O -not O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -test O -examination O -without O -prior O -treatment O -, O -each O -subject O -was O -given O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -either O -40 O -or O -100 O -mg O -betadrenol O -, O -or O -a O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivative O -at O -the O -recommended O -dosage O -, O -or O -a O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -improvements O -in O -subjective O -condition O -and O -skin O -resistance O -in O -response O -to O -betadrenol O -were O -contrasted O -with O -deterioration O -after O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -, O -and O -no O -change O -after O -placebos O -. O - -aps B-category -Betadrenol O -was O -far O -more O -effective O -than O -a O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivative O -in O -all O -the O -parameters O -tested O -, O -including O -psychophysical O -performance O -relating O -to O -control O -of O -a O -motor O -vehicle O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -whose O -gastric O -juice O -pH O -is O -greater O -than O -5 O -have O -significant O -elevation O -of O -nitrite B-Chemical -values O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -the O -prevention O -of O -schizophrenic O -relapse O -. O - -aps B-category -mecamylamine B-Chemical -or O -pentolinium O -and O -was O -increased O -by O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -relatively O -important O -change O -in O -UV O -absorption O -is O -observed O -upon O -thermal O -perturbation O -of O -nucleotide B-Chemical -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -90 O -min O -after O -oral O -application O -of O -40 O -mg O -Propranolol B-Chemical -a O -significant O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -prolongation O -of O -MTTs O -between O -the O -right O -auricle O -and O -the O -aortic O -root O -by O -25 O -% O -could O -be O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -, O -it O -was O -proposed O -, O -might O -be O -a O -compound O -of O -unknown O -composition O -resulting O -from O -the O -interaction O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -with O -other O -dietary O -constituents O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -are O -absent O -in O -terminals O -bathed O -in O -artificial O -sea O -water O -containing O -no O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -and O -sea O -water O -containing O -5 O -mM O -cobalt B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anticonvulsant O -barbiturate B-Chemical -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -increases O -membrane O -current O -and O -conductance O -responses O -to O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -GABA B-Chemical -) O -in O -cultured O -mouse O -spinal O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -duration O -of O -minature O -synaptic O -currents O -with O -a O -time O -constant O -of O -decay O -similar O -to O -the O -mean O -open O -- O -time O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -activated I-Chemical -channels O -is O -prolonged O -by O -the O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -MIF O -- O -I O -( O -Pro O -- O -Leu O -- O -Gly O -- O -NH2 O -) O -were O -examined O -in O -three O -experimental O -conditions O -in O -which O -the O -opiate O -antagonist O -naloxone B-Chemical -is O -active O -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -naloxone B-Chemical -, O -MIF O -- O -I O -did O -not O -seem O -to O -reduce O -food O -intake O -in O -VMH O -- O -lesioned O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Relationship O -between O -uptake O -and O -release O -of O -brain O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Clinical O -studies O -of O -hemodynamics O -, O -pulmonary O -function O -in O -patients O -and O -cerebral O -electric O -activity O -under O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -induced O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -model O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -was O -a O -potent O -stimulator O -of O -intra O -- O -antral O -somatostatin O -release O -, O -whereas O -perfusion O -with O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -HCl O -failed O -to O -release O -somatostatin O -by O -itself O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -Thus O -the O -stimulatory O -effect O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -might O -be O -exerted O -on O -the O -membranes O -of O -the O -endocrine O -cells O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -intravenously O -augmented O -gastric O -acid O -output O -in O -vagotomized O -dogs O -, O -more O -after O -truncal O -and O -selective O -vagotomy O -than O -after O -parietal O -cell O -vagotomy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -steady O -- O -state O -concentrations O -of O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -and O -sulphapyridine O -in O -serum O -and O -mother O -' O -s O -milk O -have O -been O -measured O -in O -12 O -nursing O -patients O -who O -were O -being O -treated O -with O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -therefore O -conclude O -that O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -may O -safely O -be O -given O -during O -nursing O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -triple O -blind O -study O -has O -been O -conducted O -according O -to O -an O -original O -methodology O -to O -compare O -the O -effects O -of O -thioproperazine O -and O -tiapride B-Chemical -on O -the O -spontaneous O -bucco O -- O -linguo O -- O -facial O -dyskinesias O -in O -the O -elderly O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -side O -effects O -of O -thioproprerazine O -are O -significantly O -higher O -than O -those O -of O -tiapride B-Chemical -which O -are O -themselves O -not O -different O -from O -those O -induced O -by O -the O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -pharmacokinetics O -in O -trauma O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -and O -pH O -on O -permeability O -of O -isolated O -perfused O -pancreatic O -duct O -. O - -aps B-category -Lethal O -synergism O -between O -morphine B-Chemical -or O -other O -narcotic O -analgesics O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -LD50 O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -+ O -saline O -was O -15 O -- O -- O -16 O -times O -greater O -than O -for O -morphine B-Chemical -+ O -propranolol B-Chemical -in O -both O -sexes O -although O -morphine B-Chemical -was O -nearly O -twice O -as O -toxic O -to O -males O -as O -to O -females O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -toxicity O -of O -levorphanol O -also O -was O -greatly O -increased O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -but O -the O -dose O -- O -effect O -relationship O -showed O -non O -- O -parallelism O -vs O -. O -levorphanol O -+ O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -Mortality O -after O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -was O -antagonized O -by O -naloxone B-Chemical -or O -naltrexone O -in O -rats O -and O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -synergism O -between O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -the O -narcotics O -probably O -was O -unrelated O -to O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -effects O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -because O -of O -the O -apparent O -equivalence O -of O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -, O -( O -- O -) O -- O -and O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -) O -- B-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -in O -rats O -for O -synergism O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Early O -autolysis O -was O -induced O -by O -limitation O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -increasing O -temperature O -, O -addition O -of O -peracetic O -acid O -, O -and O -sodiumacide O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Histone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -heparin I-Chemical -complexes O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasmin O -also O -digests O -histones O -in O -complexes O -with O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Practical O -experiences O -with O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -in O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -our O -patients O -there O -was O -an O -impressive O -period O -of O -amnesia O -and O -often O -we O -observed O -a O -central O -anticholinergic O -syndrome O -, O -which O -could O -be O -reversed O -by O -the O -use O -of O -physostigmine B-Chemical -salicylate B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -04 O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximal O -tubular O -capacity O -for O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -reabsorption O -was O -reduced O -to O -about O -half O -the O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -thyroxine B-Chemical -was O -pathological O -low O -without O -clinical O -signs O -of O -hypothyreosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antiarrhythmic O -activity O -of O -the O -compound O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -trans I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tetrahydro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -naphthyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylpropyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -piperazine I-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -, O -referred O -to O -as O -P11 O -, O -is O -studied O -on O -anaesthesized O -cats O -and O -Wistar O -albino O -rats O -, O -as O -well O -as O -on O -non O -- O -anaesthesized O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -compound O -manifests O -antiarrhythmic O -activity O -in O -all O -models O -of O -experimental O -arrhythmia O -used O -, O -causing O -greatest O -inhibition O -on O -the O -arrhythmia O -induced O -by O -chloroform B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenaline I-Chemical -( O -in O -90 O -per O -cent O -) O -and O -with O -BaCl2 B-Chemical -( O -in O -84 O -per O -cent O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Damage O -of O -the O -plasma O -membrane O -is O -demonstrated O -by O -its O -permeability O -for O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -. O - -aps B-category -Besides O -local O -therapy O -of O -a O -thrombosis O -, O -therapy O -consists O -of O -administration O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -while O -oral O -anticoagulation O -should O -be O -used O -only O -with O -precaution O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -can O -suppose O -that O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -juvenile O -sportsmen O -a O -good O -pulmonary O -function O -is O -a O -contributory O -determinant O -of O -the O -performance O -of O -old O -sportsmen O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -data O -showed O -a O -significant O -lower O -incidence O -of O -rhinitis O -, O -laryngopharingitis O -and O -bronchitis O -in O -the O -group O -immunized O -with O -the O -tween B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ether I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -split I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -vaccine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -positive O -nitrogen B-Chemical -balance O -occurred O -after O -the O -patients O -had O -received O -the O -food O -supplementation O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -a O -real O -possibility O -that O -research O -might O -produce O -a O -palliative O -for O -ACh O -- O -based O -defects O -similar O -to O -the O -action O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -in O -dopaminergic O -defects O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxic O -delirium O -as O -a O -result O -of O -treatment O -with O -antidepressants B-Chemical -, O -diuretics O -and O -digitalis B-Chemical -was O -observable O -only O -in O -a O -few O -percentage O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Lactate B-Chemical -acidosis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -rest O -, O -the O -left O -ventricle O -uses O -twenty O -times O -as O -much O -oxygen B-Chemical -as O -skeletal O -muscle O -and O -on O -effort O -its O -consumption O -is O -five O -times O -greater O -again O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -result O -, O -the O -increased O -oxygen B-Chemical -needs O -of O -the O -heart O -on O -effort O -can O -be O -dealt O -with O -only O -an O -increase O -in O -coronary O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -hypoxia O -induces O -a O -marked O -increase O -in O -Qcor O -which O -is O -associated O -, O -in O -the O -case O -of O -severe O -hypoxia O -, O -with O -the O -production O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -in O -the O -coronary O -venous O -blood O -, O -indicating O -abnormal O -aerobic O -metabolism O -of O -the O -myocardium O -, O -blocked O -by O -the O -lack O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Sympathomimetic O -amines B-Chemical -were O -also O -used O -as O -necessary O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -progress O -made O -was O -in O -large O -part O -attributed O -to O -improved O -preoperative O -assessment O -, O -in O -particular O -a O -complete O -ventricular O -assessment O -, O -improved O -peroperative O -myocardial O -protection O -and O -the O -use O -of O -the O -intra O -- O -aortic O -counter O -- O -pressure O -balloon O -and O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprussiate O -. O - -aps B-category -General O -anaesthesia O -was O -obtained O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -pancuronium B-Chemical -and O -a O -mixture O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -hypertension O -was O -better O -treated O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprussiate O -than O -by O -halothane B-Chemical -or O -enflurane B-Chemical -with O -regard O -to O -protection O -of O -the O -sub O -- O -endocardial O -layer O -against O -ischaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -choice O -of O -drugs O -used O -showed O -the O -important O -role O -of O -tranquilisers O -and O -anxiolytics O -: O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -dipotassium O -chlorazepate O -, O -to O -which O -, O -in O -the O -majority O -of O -cases O -, O -were O -added O -an O -antihistamine O -: O -promethazine B-Chemical -and O -a O -parasympatholytic O -: O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Catecholamine B-Chemical -levels O -were O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -could O -be O -reduced O -by O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -possible O -role O -of O -prolactin O -in O -the O -behavioural O -disorders O -present O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -paraneoplasic O -syndrome O -with O -hypersecretion O -of O -ADH O -and O -ACTH B-Chemical -revealed O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -small O -cell O -bronchial O -cancer O -in O -a O -man O -aged O -62 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -new O -case O -questions O -the O -hypothesis O -suggested O -of O -possible O -toxicity O -of O -hard O -drugs O -( O -especially O -the O -amphetamines B-Chemical -) O -as O -being O -an O -etiological O -factor O -for O -periarteritis O -nodosa O -observed O -in O -addicts O -. O - -aps B-category -Orotic O -acid O -and O -non O -- O -protein O -nitrogen B-Chemical -overload O -in O -sheep O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -ammonia B-Chemical -levels O -, O -motility O -of O -the O -reticulo O -rumen O -and O -food O -intake O -were O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -blood O -ammonia B-Chemical -level O -was O -reduced O -by O -47 O -% O -when O -orotic O -acid O -was O -used O -instead O -of O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -of O -food O -intake O -which O -was O -halved O -by O -urea B-Chemical -was O -only O -reduced O -by O -40 O -. O -7 O -% O -when O -both O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -urea B-Chemical -were O -administered O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -70 O -- O -liter O -fermentor O -and O -a O -complex O -medium O -consisting O -of O -2 O -% O -casein O -hydrolysate O -and O -1 O -% O -yeast O -extract O -plus O -an O -appropriate O -concentration O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -were O -employed O -. O - -aps B-category -Additional O -studies O -have O -shown O -that O -subinhibitory O -concentrations O -of O -vancomycin B-Chemical -and O -penicillin B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -clindamycin O -, O -also O -cause O -an O -increase O -in O -toxin O -levels O -during O -continuous O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -amines B-Chemical -and O -peptides O -- O -- O -their O -relevance O -to O -psychiatry O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -properties O -of O -the O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -from O -wild O -- O -type O -and O -mutant O -Chinese O -hamster O -somatic O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -from O -allyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -and O -wild O -- O -type O -Chinese O -hamster O -cells O -were O -purified O -using O -gel O -filtration O -, O -ion O -- O -exchange O -, O -and O -affinity O -- O -column O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -by O -affinity O -chromatography O -, O -subunit O -structure O -and O -inhibition O -by O -guanosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -/ O -polyacrylamide O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -N O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -and O -tryptic O -' O -finger O -- O -printing O -' O -demonstrated O -that O -IMP O -dehydrogenase O -comprises O -identical O -subunits O -of O -mol O -. O -wt O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -410 O -) O -= O -282x10 O -( O -3 O -) O -litre O -. O -mol O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -. O -cm O -( O -- O -1 O -) O -was O -calculated O -for O -a O -dimeric O -protein O -molecule O -having O -a O -total O -molecular O -weight O -of O -122000 O -( O -based O -on O -iron B-Chemical -analysis O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -NO O -, O -a O -product O -of O -the O -nitrite B-Chemical -reductase O -activity O -of O -Pseudomonas O -cytochrome O -oxidase O -, O -is O -known O -to O -bind O -to O -the O -enzyme O -, O -a O -study O -was O -undertaken O -to O -try O -to O -assess O -the O -potential O -of O -NO O -as O -a O -product O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -acidosis O -in O -the O -ischaemic O -heart O -by O -phosphorus B-Chemical -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -. O - -aps B-category -Lactate B-Chemical -and O -O2 O -uptake O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -output O -were O -studied O -in O -isolated O -livers O -from O -starved O -rats O -at O -perfusate O -flow O -rates O -varying O -from O -100 O -to O -7 O -% O -of O -" O -normal O -" O -( O -11 O -. O -25 O -- O -0 O -. O -75 O -ml O -/ O -min O -per O -100 O -g O -body O -wt O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -a O -mathematical O -model O -suggests O -that O -the O -intrinsic O -capacity O -of O -the O -liver O -for O -lactate B-Chemical -uptake O -is O -unaffected O -until O -the O -flow O -rate O -falls O -below O -25 O -% O -of O -" O -normal O -" O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -flow O -rates O -below O -33 O -% O -of O -the O -" O -normal O -" O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -was O -increasingly O -metabolized O -by O -pathways O -other O -than O -gluconeogenesis O -, O -which O -became O -a O -progressively O -less O -important O -consumer O -of O -available O -O2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -NADP O -+ O -- O -dependent O -dehydrogenases O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -pretreatment O -with O -6 O -- O -aminonicotinamide O -the O -[ O -NADP O -+ O -] O -/ O -[ O -NADPH B-Chemical -] O -ratio O -also O -declined O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenase O -, O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -and O -" O -malic O -" O -enzyme O -, O -partially O -purified O -from O -livers O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -, O -were O -inhibited O -by O -ATP O -and O -ADP O -. O - -aps B-category -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -was O -also O -inhibited O -by O -ATP O -( O -Ki O -2 O -. O -8 O -mM O -) O -and O -by O -ADP O -( O -Ki O -0 O -. O -9 O -mM O -) O -, O -but O -not O -by O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -agents O -that O -lower O -intracellular O -ATP O -may O -accelerate O -rates O -of O -mixed O -- O -function O -oxidation O -by O -a O -concerted O -mechanism O -involving O -deinhibition O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cytochrome I-Chemical -c O -reductase O -and O -one O -or O -more O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -generating I-Chemical -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurements O -of O -islet O -content O -of O -malate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -the O -metabolite O -substrate O -and O -product O -of O -" O -malic O -" O -enzyme O -, O -were O -therefore O -used O -to O -calculate O -the O -cytosolic O -ration O -of O -[ O -NADPH B-Chemical -] O -/ O -[ O -NADP O -+ O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -A O -review O -of O -pharmacological O -studies O -on O -nicergoline B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -studies O -( O -dog O -, O -cat O -, O -rabbit O -, O -rat O -, O -mouse O -, O -guinea O -- O -pig O -) O -show O -that O -nicergoline B-Chemical -affects O -only O -slightly O -blood O -pressure O -and O -heart O -rate O -and O -increases O -the O -blood O -flow O -in O -brain O -and O -hind O -limb O -without O -affecting O -the O -splanchnic O -and O -aortic O -flow O -in O -normal O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cerebral O -vasodilatory O -effect O -of O -10 O -- O -methoxy O -- O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -dimethyl O -- O -ergoline O -- O -8 O -beta O -- O -methanol O -- O -( O -5 O -- O -bromonicotinate O -) O -( O -nicergoline B-Chemical -, O -Sermion B-Chemical -) O -was O -examined O -by O -recording O -the O -cardiac O -output O -of O -the O -vertebral O -artery O -in O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alpha O -- O -sympatholytical O -properties O -of O -nicergoline B-Chemical -were O -more O -precisely O -proved O -by O -reducing O -the O -reactive O -increase O -in O -blood O -pressure O -after O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -) O -by O -administration O -of O -nicergoline B-Chemical -in O -3 O -doses O -( O -25 O -, O -50 O -and O -100 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Calcium B-Chemical -antagonists O -in O -cardiology O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Pi O -production O -and O -total O -nucleotide B-Chemical -( O -ATP O -and O -ADP O -) O -depletion O -also O -occur O -on O -the O -same O -time O -- O -scale O -as O -the O -tissue O -acidification O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -phenylmethylsulfonyl O -fluoride B-Chemical -does O -not O -significantly O -modify O -either O -the O -elution O -patterns O -of O -the O -synthetases O -during O -the O -various O -chromatographic O -steps O -or O -their O -specific O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Those O -animals O -which O -died O -between O -Days O -4 O -and O -10 O -had O -markedly O -increased O -levels O -of O -hydroxyproline B-Chemical -in O -the O -lung O -, O -maximum O -at O -Day O -6 O -, O -and O -increased O -prolyl O -hydroxylase O -activity O -, O -maximum O -at O -Day O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -proteinases O -hydrolyzing O -histone O -and O -caseine O -in O -neutral O -media O -were O -obtained O -by O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -100 O -fractionation O -of O -water O -and O -salt B-Chemical -( O -1 O -M O -KCl O -) O -extracts O -of O -human O -spleen O -. O - -aps B-category -L O -- O -tryptophane O -, O -serotonine O -and O -proserine O -( O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -methylatropine B-Chemical -) O -potentiated O -the O -effect O -of O -subthreshold O -antinociceptive O -stimulation O -which O -could O -be O -tested O -from O -the O -modifications O -of O -thresholds O -of O -the O -development O -of O -some O -complex O -pain O -reaction O -components O -under O -electrical O -stimulation O -of O -the O -rat O -tail O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potentiating O -effect O -of O -serotonine O -is O -not O -eliminated O -by O -naloxone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ten O -of O -114 O -psychiatric O -patients O -undergoing O -combined O -lithium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -neuroleptic I-Chemical -treatment O -exhibited O -somnambulistic O -- O -like O -episodes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -N O -- O -acylation O -of O -tyramine O -isomers O -and O -other O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -has O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -tributyltin O -chloride B-Chemical -on O -the O -uptake O -of O -proline O -and O -glutamine B-Chemical -by O -intact O -cells O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -causes O -efflux O -of O -the O -accumulated O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -tributyltin O -chloride B-Chemical -can O -catalyse O -a O -transmembrane O -OH O -- O -- O -anion O -exchange O -exchange O -reaction O -and O -that O -this O -is O -its O -mode O -of O -inhibition O -of O -the O -uptake O -of O -these O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -tributyltin O -chloride B-Chemical -on O -energy O -- O -dependent O -transhydrogenation O -of O -NADP O -+ O -by O -NADH O -in O -membranes O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -effects O -on O -the O -energization O -system O -have O -not O -been O -excluded O -, O -the O -inhibitor O -appears O -to O -react O -with O -a O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -group O -on O -the O -transhydrogenase O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -transhydrogenase O -is O -also O -inhibited O -by O -5 O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -dithiobis O -( O -2 O -- O -nitrobenzoic O -acid O -) O -, O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -, O -p O -- O -chloromercuriphenyl O -sulfonic O -acid O -, O -and O -Zn2 O -+ O -, O -but O -these O -reagents O -are O -less O -effective O -than O -tributyltin O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidation O -of O -reduced O -nicotinamide B-Chemical -adenine I-Chemical -dinucleotide I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -by O -plant O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -the O -mitochondria O -investigated O -, O -the O -electron O -- O -transfer O -inhibitors O -rotenone O -and O -amytal O -each O -had O -the O -same O -effect O -on O -the O -oxidation O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -as O -they O -had O -on O -the O -oxidation O -of O -NADH O -. O - -aps B-category -Mitochondria O -isolated O -from O -aged O -beetroot O -slices O -showed O -an O -increased O -capacity O -for O -the O -oxidation O -of O -exogenous O -NADH O -( O -compared O -with O -mitochondria O -from O -fresh O -tissue O -) O -but O -no O -such O -increase O -in O -the O -capacity O -to O -oxidize O -exogenous O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -a O -stable O -intermediate O -in O -the O -unfolding O -of O -diazoacetylglycine O -ethyl O -ester O -- O -- O -pepsin O -by O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -and O -25 O -degrees O -C O -in O -8 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -, O -a O -stable O -intermediate O -form O -of O -the O -protein O -was O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrolyzed O -protein O -and O -individual O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -able O -to O -elute O -virus O -adsorbed O -to O -certain O -filters O -but O -were O -unable O -to O -elute O -virus O -adsorbed O -to O -other O -filters O -efficiently O -. O - -aps B-category -Certain O -solutions O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -capable O -of O -eluting O -virus O -adsorbed O -to O -one O -filter O -but O -permitted O -adsorption O -of O -virus O -to O -another O -filter O -with O -a O -different O -chemical O -composition O -. O - -aps B-category -Aromatic O -compounds O -with O -an O -amino B-Chemical -group O -attached O -to O -the O -ring O -were O -good O -eluents O -for O -virus O -adsorbed O -to O -epoxy O -- O -fiberglass O -membrane O -filters O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -liquid O -medium O -, O -designated O -as O -Kabatiella O -zeae O -medium O -( O -KZM O -) O -, O -containing O -10 O -. O -0 O -g O -of O -carboxymethylcellulose O -, O -5 O -. O -0 O -g O -of O -maltose O -, O -1 O -. O -5 O -g O -of O -peptone O -, O -1 O -. O -0 O -g O -of O -monobasic O -potassium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -1 O -L O -of O -distilled O -water O -, O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -medium O -consisting O -of O -0 O -. O -7 O -% O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -, O -1 O -. O -0 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -minerals O -, O -three O -vitamins O -, O -and O -2 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -gave O -good O -growth O -and O -excellent O -production O -of O -nuclease O -H O -in O -a O -jar O -fermentor O -when O -the O -pH O -was O -adjusted O -to O -7 O -. O -5 O -to O -8 O -. O -0 O -during O -cultivation O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -the O -alpha O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -agonist O -LD O -3098 O -( O -cirazoline B-Chemical -) O -on O -the O -magnitude O -of O -end O -- O -organ O -responses O -induced O -by O -nerve O -stimulation O -and O -exogenous O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -in O -a O -variety O -of O -sympathetically O -innervated O -animal O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Early O -increases O -in O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -both O -in O -brain O -stem O -and O -hypothalamus O -suggest O -that O -increased O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -synthesis O -may O -contribute O -to O -the O -development O -of O -neurogenic O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -number O -of O -interesting O -and O -useful O -new O -drugs O -have O -appeared O -which O -include O -tienilic O -acid O -, O -minoxidil B-Chemical -, O -saralasin B-Chemical -and O -captopril B-Chemical -, O -and O -in O -addition O -recent O -controlled O -trials O -have O -re O -- O -emphasized O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -the O -old O -drug O -, O -reserpine B-Chemical -, O -when O -combined O -with O -a O -diuretic B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Histamine B-Chemical -H2 O -receptor O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -more O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -induction O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -( O -GS O -) O -in O -the O -neural O -retina O -of O -the O -chick O -embryo O -is O -a O -characteristic O -and O -unique O -feature O -of O -differentiation O -of O -this O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Treatment O -of O -dibenzepin O -poisoning O -with O -physostigmine B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -WKY O -and O -DOCA B-Chemical -rats O -, O -the O -intraperitoneal O -administration O -of O -acebutolol O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -practolol O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -approximately O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -produced O -a O -hypotensive O -action O -, O -however O -, O -these O -effects O -were O -observed O -only O -with O -restricted O -doses O -and O -there O -was O -no O -evidence O -of O -a O -dose O -- O -dependency O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -SHR O -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -produced O -a O -dual O -action O -, O -a O -slight O -rise O -followed O -by O -a O -slight O -fall O -, O -the O -change O -not O -being O -significant O -, O -while O -practolol O -induced O -a O -slight O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -in O -rat O -liver O -by O -quinazolinone O -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Body O -weight O -, O -serum O -electrolytes O -, O -blood O -gases O -, O -pH O -and O -base O -excess O -in O -the O -arterial O -blood O -, O -urea B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrogen I-Chemical -, O -hemoglobin O -and O -albumin O -content O -of O -the O -blood O -did O -not O -change O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -studies O -on O -microbiological O -ring O -- O -expansion O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -N O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -concentration O -was O -lowered O -to O -0 O -. O -83 O -mM O -; O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -were O -eliminated O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -thiopeptin O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -on O -the O -prevention O -of O -lactic O -acidosis O -induced O -in O -sheep O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -this O -study O -indicate O -that O -hybrid O -cell O -clones O -do O -not O -resemble O -either O -of O -the O -parental O -cells O -, O -since O -they O -do O -not O -produce O -albumin O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -that O -are O -expressed O -in O -the O -rat O -hepatoma O -parent O -, O -and O -are O -incapable O -of O -forming O -either O -teratocarcinomas O -or O -hepatomas O -when O -injected O -in O -experimental O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Membranes O -isolated O -from O -subconfluent O -cultures O -of O -Balb O -/ O -c O -3T3 O -cells O -have O -low O -energy O -- O -dependent O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -determine O -if O -regulation O -of O -energy O -- O -dependent O -uptake O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -by O -membrane O -fractions O -is O -dependent O -upon O -attachment O -to O -a O -substrate O -and O -to O -further O -characterize O -conditions O -that O -regulate O -the O -process O -, O -we O -examined O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -activity O -of O -membranes O -isolated O -from O -cells O -in O -suspension O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -cells O -in O -suspension O -at O -low O -cell O -densities O -are O -concentrated O -to O -high O -cell O -densities O -( O -greater O -than O -2 O -x O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -cells O -/ O -ml O -) O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -activity O -of O -the O -isolated O -membrane O -fraction O -is O -increased O -as O -a O -function O -of O -cell O -density O -. O - -aps B-category -Highly O -sensitive O -assay O -for O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -activity O -by O -high O -- O -performance O -liquid O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -DOPA O -was O -adsorbed O -on O -the O -second O -aluminium B-Chemical -oxide O -column O -, O -then O -eluted O -with O -0 O -. O -5 O -M O -hydrochloric O -acid O -, O -and O -assayed O -by O -HPLC O -with O -amperometric O -detection O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -assay O -was O -more O -sensitive O -than O -radioassays O -and O -5 O -pmol O -of O -DOPA O -formed O -enzymatically O -could O -be O -measured O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -saturating O -concentrations O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -6 O -- O -methyltetrahydropterin O -. O - -aps B-category -Lorazepam B-Chemical -and O -oxazepam B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -and O -urine O -were O -measured O -by O -gas O -chromatography O -- O -mass O -spectrometry O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -removal O -of O -interfering O -substances O -with O -n O -- O -hexane O -, O -the O -drugs O -were O -extracted O -with O -benzene B-Chemical -and O -converted O -to O -N1 O -, O -O3 O -- O -bistrimethylsilyl O -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Thin O -- O -layer O -chromatographic O -identification O -of O -nineteen O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -is O -described O -for O -determining O -caffeine B-Chemical -and O -theophylline B-Chemical -in O -blood O -serum O -, O -using O -the O -4 O -% O -crosslinked O -resin O -with O -aqueous O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -eluent O -of O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -; O -the O -temperature O -was O -65 O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -these O -conditions O -, O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -responsible O -for O -virtually O -all O -of O -yogurt O -' O -s O -bactericidal O -activity O -against O -S O -. O -typhimurium O -at O -37 O -C O -. O -Die O -- O -off O -rates O -were O -observed O -when O -these O -conditions O -were O -reproduced O -artificially O -in O -milk O -( O -artificial O -milk O -yogurt O -) O -and O -when O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -added O -back O -to O -18 O -- O -h O -yogurt O -from O -which O -acids O -were O -removed O -by O -passage O -of O -the O -whey O -through O -a O -Dowex O -1 O -( O -Cl O -- O -) O -anion O -exchange O -column O -( O -cationic O -yogurt O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -half O -of O -396 O -episodes O -of O -otitis O -media O -were O -caused O -by O -three O -other O -types O -, O -19 O -, O -23 O -, O -and O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Clostridium O -perfringens O -and O -isolated O -walls O -of O -this O -organism O -autolysed O -rapidly O -when O -incubated O -in O -buffer O -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -0 O -with O -the O -release O -of O -free O -- O -reducing O -groups O -but O -no O -N O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -significant O -differences O -between O -these O -two O -yeasts O -in O -their O -control O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -; O -in O -both O -yeasts O -, O -the O -rates O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -uptake O -were O -independent O -of O -the O -growth O -rate O -and O -were O -higher O -in O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -chemostat O -cultures O -than O -in O -nitrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -from O -Candida O -107 O -was O -relatively O -unstable O -and O -, O -when O -isolated O -from O -nitrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -limited I-Chemical -( O -lipid O -- O -accumulating O -) O -cultures O -, O -was O -accompanied O -by O -a O -low O -molecular O -weight O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -the O -NAD O -+ O -- O -dependent O -isocitrate O -dehydrogenase O -of O -Candida O -107 O -, O -but O -not O -C O -. O -utilis O -, O -requires O -AMP O -for O -activity O -, O -the O -metabolism O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -through O -the O -tricarboxylic O -acid O -cycle O -in O -the O -mitochondria O -becomes O -arrested O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -former O -product O -is O -then O -available O -for O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -biosynthesis O -which O -is O -stimulated O -by O -the O -high O -ATP O -concentration O -within O -the O -cells O -, O -by O -the O -activation O -of O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -by O -citrate B-Chemical -and O -by O -the O -provision O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -generated O -as O -oxaloacetate B-Chemical -is O -converted O -via O -malate B-Chemical -to O -pyruvate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -remained O -almost O -completely O -linked O -to O -the O -wall O -after O -cell O -breakage O -, O -only O -being O -liberated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -salt B-Chemical -at O -high O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -receptor O -blockers O -on O -turnover O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -the O -metabolism O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -by O -the O -exocrine O -pancreas O -of O -the O -rat O -and O -effects O -of O -receptor O -blockers O -on O -the O -metabolism O -were O -studied O -by O -fluorescent O -histochemical O -and O -chemical O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -DA O -- O -blockers O -( O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -sulpiride B-Chemical -, O -and O -pimozide O -) O -and O -alpha O -- O -blockers O -( O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -and O -phentolamine B-Chemical -) O -produced O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -accumulation O -of O -DA O -after O -administration O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Histochemically O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -blockers O -( O -methyserigide O -and O -cyprohepatdine O -) O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -blockers O -( O -haloperidol B-Chemical -and O -sulpiride B-Chemical -) O -produced O -no O -apparent O -changes O -in O -fluorescence O -pictures O -after O -injection O -of O -L O -- O -5HTP O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemically O -, O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -blockers O -decreased O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -content O -after O -injection O -of O -L O -- O -5HPT O -. O - -aps B-category -Haloperidol B-Chemical -decreased O -the O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -content O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -1 O -) O -L O -- O -5HTP O -was O -more O -slowly O -eliminated O -, O -and O -( O -2 O -) O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -blockers O -produced O -a O -decreased O -content O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -after O -injection O -of O -L O -- O -5HTP O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -finding O -that O -DA O -- O -blockers O -produced O -an O -incresed O -content O -of O -DA O -after O -injection O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Antiarrhythmic O -activity O -of O -dextro O -- O -and O -levo O -- O -isomers O -of O -5 O -- O -methyl O -- O -8 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -3 O -- O -t O -- O -butylamino O -- O -propoxy O -) O -coumarin B-Chemical -hydrocholoride O -( O -bucumolol O -) O -, O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agent O -, O -on O -aconitine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -atrial O -and O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -ventricular O -arrhythmias O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -blocking O -the O -positive O -chrontropic O -response O -to O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -the O -levo O -- O -isomer O -of O -bucumolol O -was O -about O -40 O -times O -more O -potent O -in O -dogs O -, O -and O -270 O -times O -in O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -than O -its O -dextro O -- O -isomer O -and O -twice O -as O -effective O -in O -both O -species O -as O -the O -racemic O -mixture O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -levo O -- O -isomer O -and O -racemic O -bucumolol O -were O -capable O -of O -suppressing O -aconitine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -atrial O -arrhythmia O -, O -while O -the O -dextro O -- O -isomer O -was O -less O -effective O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -both O -specific O -beta O -- O -blocking O -activity O -and O -non O -- O -specific O -membrane O -action O -of O -bucumolol O -suppressed O -experimental O -arrhythmias O -in O -dogs O -produced O -by O -aconitine B-Chemical -and O -ouabain B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Life O -expectancy O -in O -liver O -injuries O -from O -alcohol B-Chemical -abuse O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunochemical O -and O -partial O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -studies O -of O -the O -light O -chains O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -body O -temperature O -after O -administration O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -peptides O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -and O -related O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Anatomical O -, O -physiological O -, O -biochemical O -and O -behavioral O -approaches O -using O -the O -same O -animal O -model O -have O -revealed O -that O -protein O -malnutrition O -affects O -the O -brain O -at O -various O -levels O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -( O -1 O -) O -anatomical O -, O -as O -revealed O -by O -Golgi O -findings O -of O -deranged O -dendritic O -trees O -on O -analysis O -of O -cortical O -and O -subcortical O -areas O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -physiological O -, O -as O -revealed O -by O -delayed O -sleep O -pattern O -maturation O -, O -disturbances O -in O -seizure O -thresholds O -, O -slowing O -of O -sensory O -cortico O -- O -cortical O -and O -thalamocortical O -evoked O -potentials O -, O -and O -changed O -power O -in O -hippocampal O -theta O -activity O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -biochemical O -, O -as O -revealed O -by O -marked O -increases O -in O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -dating O -from O -birth O -, O -as O -well O -as O -modifications O -in O -tryptophan B-Chemical -metabolism O -; O -and O -( O -4 O -) O -behavioral O -, O -as O -revealed O -by O -various O -changes O -in O -responses O -to O -different O -kinds O -of O -aversive O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Intact O -Angiostrongylus O -cantonensis O -is O -able O -to O -hydrolyse O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -esters O -, O -mononucleotides O -and O -rho O -- O -nitrophenyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -beta O -- O -glycerophosphate O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Paper O -chromatographic O -separation O -and O -identification O -of O -1 O -, O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzodiazepines I-Chemical -and O -Mandrax O -. O - -aps B-category -Adriamycin B-Chemical -semiquinone O -radicals O -are O -spontaneously O -generated O -by O -adriamycin B-Chemical -solutions O -at O -physiologic O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -less O -cardiotoxic O -and O -non O -- O -mutagenic O -( O -Ames O -test O -) O -anthracycline B-Chemical -5 O -- O -iminodaunorubicin O -does O -not O -form O -semiquinone O -radicals O -spontaneously O -at O -physiologic O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -propoxyphene O -, O -ethoheptazine O -, O -and O -azabicyclane O -, O -alone O -and O -in O -combination O -with O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -naloxone B-Chemical -, O -were O -studied O -in O -pigeons O -responding O -under O -a O -multiple O -fixed O -ratio O -, O -fixed O -interval O -schedule O -of O -food O -presentation O -. O - -aps B-category -Naloxone B-Chemical -antagonized O -the O -rate O -- O -decreasing O -effects O -produced O -by O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -azabicyclane O -but O -did O -not O -antagonize O -the O -rate O -- O -decreasing O -effects O -of O -propoxyphene O -or O -ethoheptazine O -. O - -aps B-category -CI O -- O -686 O -' O -s O -unique O -preclinical O -profile O -suggests O -a O -mechanism O -of O -action O -other O -than O -dopamine B-Chemical -antagonism O -which O -could O -have O -implications O -regarding O -current O -thinking O -on O -the O -pathophysiology O -of O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulpiride B-Chemical -( O -400 O -- O -- O -2100 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -, O -a O -selective O -type O -- O -2 O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -was O -evaluated O -in O -a O -blind O -, O -placebo O -- O -controlled O -trial O -in O -11 O -patients O -with O -tardive O -dyskinesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulpiride B-Chemical -is O -an O -important O -tool O -for O -elucidating O -both O -the O -practical O -and O -heuristic O -aspects O -of O -subtypes O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -and O -is O -a O -lead B-Chemical -in O -the O -search O -for O -compounds O -that O -selectively O -affect O -dopaminergic O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -hydrolysis O -( O -0 O -. O -85 O -moles O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -and O -0 O -. O -30 O -moles O -of O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -per O -mole O -SRS O -) O -, O -the O -sulfur O -containing O -side O -chain O -is O -apparently O -a O -mixture O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -and O -cysteinyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -, O -but O -by O -chromatography O -the O -side O -chain O -is O -predominantly O -glutathione B-Chemical -and O -the O -low O -yield O -of O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -may O -be O -due O -to O -complexing O -of O -its O -alpha O -COOH O -group O -in O -a O -peroxy O -ester O -linkage O -. O - -aps B-category -Type O -II O -SRS O -, O -the O -second O -major O -species O -, O -differs O -in O -that O -the O -sulfur O -containing O -side O -chain O -is O -linked O -at O -the O -12 O -or O -13 O -position O -and O -is O -almost O -certainly O -glutathione B-Chemical -and O -in O -the O -failure O -of O -alkaline O -borohydride O -to O -produce O -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemodynamic O -parameters O -like O -oxygen B-Chemical -content O -difference O -( O -C O -( O -a O -- O -v O -) O -O2 O -) O -between O -arterial O -and O -venous O -blood O -, O -heart O -hate O -( O -FC O -) O -, O -mean O -blood O -pressure O -( O -Pam O -) O -and O -capillary O -hydrostatic O -pressure O -( O -Pcp O -) O -didn O -' O -t O -change O -after O -vagotomy O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -exogenous O -serotonin B-Chemical -on O -intragastric O -pH O -and O -its O -influence O -on O -serum O -gastrin O -levels O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -serotonin B-Chemical -administration O -of O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -p O -. O -, O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -serum O -gastrin O -levels O -was O -noted O -, O -as O -well O -as O -a O -strong O -increase O -in O -the O -intragastric O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -horse O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -adrenergenic O -agonists O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -salbutamol B-Chemical -on O -haematocrit O -, O -plasma O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -glycerol O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -levels O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -salbutamol B-Chemical -caused O -an O -elevation O -in O -haematocrit O -the O -other O -results O -support O -the O -alpha O -- O -mediation O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -induced O -increases O -in O -haematocrit O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mixed O -acidosis O -persisted O -throughout O -the O -duration O -of O -resuscitation O -in O -the O -majority O -of O -patients O -in O -spite O -of O -the O -large O -ventilatory O -volume O -and O -multiple O -doses O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -they O -received O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -study O -demonstrated O -the O -beneficial O -role O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -metabolic O -acidosis O -associated O -with O -cardiac O -arrest O -of O -prolonged O -duration O -. O - -aps B-category -Does O -penicillin B-Chemical -kill O -bacteria O -? O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -damaging O -effects O -of O -the O -subminimal O -inhibitory O -concentrations O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -on O -Streptococcus O -faecalis O -, O -a O -species O -with O -an O -active O -autolytic O -enzyme O -system O -, O -can O -be O -uncovered O -and O -converted O -to O -a O -lytic O -( O -and O -lethal O -) O -response O -by O -partial O -inhibition O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -with O -low O -concentrations O -of O -cerulenin O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -viable O -extracellular O -bacteria O -by O -their O -incorporation O -of O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -and O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Psychotic O -toleration O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxic O -interaction O -between O -narcotic O -analgesics O -and O -inhibitors O -of O -catechol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -O I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltransferase I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -toxicity O -was O -also O -significantly O -increased O -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -- O -- O -1 O -. O -9 O -times O -) O -in O -the O -case O -of O -codeine B-Chemical -, O -methadone B-Chemical -, O -meperidine B-Chemical -and O -levorphanol O -, O -but O -to O -a O -lesser O -extent O -than O -for O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -4 O -. O -0 O -times O -) O -in O -the O -S O -- O -D O -strain O -. O - -aps B-category -Post O -- O -treatment O -with O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -in O -rats O -or O -naltrexone O -in O -mice O -reduced O -the O -high O -lethality O -associated O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -plus O -tropolone O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -was O -elevated O -by O -tropolone O -and O -by O -its O -combination O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Enhancement O -by O -tropolone O -of O -the O -toxicity O -of O -( O -+ O -) O -- B-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -in O -mice O -and O -rats O -was O -of O -similar O -magnitude O -as O -for O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -kinetic O -studies O -are O -presented O -for O -two O -forms O -of O -soluble O -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -AMP O -- O -dependent O -protein O -kinase O -, O -obtained O -by O -DEAE O -- O -cellulose O -and O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -apatite O -chromography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -character O -of O -cation O -is O -of O -essential O -significance O -in O -this O -situation O -: O -sodium B-Chemical -succinate O -produces O -a O -moderate O -stimulating O -effect O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -succinate O -evokes O -a O -distinct O -energizing O -influence O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymic O -activity O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -is O -unchanged O -in O -subcellular O -fractions O -of O -the O -liver O -tissue O -of O -control O -, O -E O -- O -hypovitaminotic O -rats O -and O -of O -the O -same O -animals O -subjected O -to O -a O -single O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -coefficient O -of O -phenyl O -alanine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -activation O -with O -biopterin O -in O -vitro O -in O -E O -- O -hypovitaminotic O -animals O -is O -thrice O -as O -high O -as O -that O -in O -the O -control O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -obtained O -give O -reason O -to O -suggest O -the O -possible O -influence O -to O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -on O -the O -biopterin O -level O -in O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -transforming I-Chemical -enzymes O -from O -microorganisms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -strength O -of O -the O -apoenzyme O -to O -the O -immobilized O -steroid B-Chemical -ligand O -is O -highly O -decreased O -in O -comparison O -to O -the O -native O -enzyme O -and O -can O -be O -interpreted O -by O -the O -action O -of O -rest O -hydrophobicity O -. O - -aps B-category -lipolytica O -one O -NAD O -+ O -- O -dependent O -and O -three O -NADP O -+ O -- O -dependent O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -are O -detectable O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gelelectrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ADH O -I O -is O -not O -or O -only O -minimally O -subject O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -repression O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -NADP O -+ O -- O -dependent O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -( O -ADH O -II O -- O -- O -IV O -) O -react O -with O -methanol O -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -octanol O -with O -different O -intensity O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -isolates O -of O -allylalcohol O -- O -resistant O -mutants O -show O -identical O -growth O -in O -medium O -containing O -ethanol B-Chemical -as O -the O -wild O -type O -strain O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -ammonium B-Chemical -ions O -and O -free O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -rumen O -protozoa O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -have O -been O -carried O -out O -on O -human O -erythrocytes O -in O -vitro O -to O -clarify O -the O -deficit O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -formation O -under O -conditions O -when O -2 O -, O -3 O -DPG O -is O -degraded O -. O - -aps B-category -NADPH B-Chemical -serves O -as O -additional O -reducing O -equivalent O -in O -the O -reaction O -of O -the O -LDH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -at O -the O -LDH O -is O -probably O -of O -significance O -under O -in O -vivo O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -on O -the O -topography O -of O -the O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -temperature O -optimum O -and O -the O -temperature O -stability O -of O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -MDH O -) O -in O -cytosol O -and O -submitochondrial O -fractions O -( O -matrix O -and O -inner O -membranes O -) O -in O -the O -buffers O -: O -Tris O -- O -HCl O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -HEPEC B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NaOH I-Chemical -at O -pH O -7 O -. O -5 O -, O -are O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -blood O -flow O -was O -measured O -with O -the O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethanol I-Chemical -technique O -in O -8 O -regions O -( O -frontal O -, O -parieto O -- O -temporal O -and O -occipital O -cortex O -, O -caudate O -nucleus O -, O -thalamus O -, O -cerebellum O -, O -mesencephalon O -, O -and O -pons O -) O -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -reduction O -was O -blocked O -, O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -reversed O -, O -after O -pretreatment O -with O -the O -alpha O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -If O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -was O -allowed O -to O -pass O -the O -blood O -- O -brain O -barrier O -after O -osmotic O -opening O -with O -urea B-Chemical -, O -an O -increased O -regional O -flow O -was O -obtained O -, O -probably O -due O -to O -a O -mechanism O -where O -the O -vasodilator O -effect O -secondary O -to O -activation O -of O -cerebral O -metabolism O -predominated O -over O -the O -direct O -vasoconstrictor O -effect O -of O -the O -amine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Efferent O -cervical O -vagal O -nerve O -stimulation O -in O -the O -cat O -caused O -a O -marked O -increase O -of O -the O -portal O -plasma O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -antagonist O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -in O -various O -doses O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -b O -. O -wt O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -widely O -applied O -buffered O -media O -, O -the O -HSAG O -( O -hepes B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -albumin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -gelatin I-Chemical -) O -medium O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -75 O -- O -- O -6 O -. O -25 O -was O -found O -to O -be O -the O -most O -favourable O -for O -B O -. O -K O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -time O -dependent O -titre O -fall O -occurred O -at O -56 O -degrees O -C O -if O -NaCl B-Chemical -molarity O -was O -varied O -between O -1 O -. O -31 O -and O -2 O -. O -56 O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparaison O -, O -in O -the O -mouse O -, O -of O -two O -treatments O -for O -alcohol B-Chemical -withdrawal O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -to O -the O -suspension O -did O -not O -alter O -the O -heat O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -organisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Fresh O -ground O -pork O -was O -cured O -with O -salt B-Chemical -, O -sugar O -, O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -ascorbate O -, O -and O -varying O -amounts O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -and O -sorbic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Product O -cured O -with O -0 O -. O -2 O -% O -sorbic O -acid O -in O -combination O -with O -40 O -ppm O -sodium B-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -( O -40 O -microgram O -/ O -g O -) O -had O -better O -clostridium O -inhibition O -than O -did O -product O -cured O -with O -120 O -ppm O -nitrite B-Chemical -within O -a O -pH O -range O -of O -5 O -. O -0 O -to O -6 O -. O -7 O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -were O -carried O -out O -on O -7 O -conscious O -, O -renal O -hypertensive O -dogs O -with O -7 O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agents O -( O -atenolol B-Chemical -, O -bunitrolol O -, O -bunolol O -, O -carteolol B-Chemical -, O -nadolol B-Chemical -, O -sotalol B-Chemical -and O -timolol B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -in O -vivo O -model O -for O -investigating O -alpha O -1 O -- O -and O -alpha O -2 O -- O -receptors O -in O -the O -CNS O -: O -studies O -with O -mianserin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -administration O -of O -the O -selective O -alpha O -1 O -- O -agonists O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -methoxamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -At O -a O -dose O -that O -eliminated O -the O -locomotor O -depressant O -effect O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -the O -alpha O -2 O -- O -antagonist O -yohimbine B-Chemical -did O -not O -antagonize O -the O -locomotor O -stimulant O -effects O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -and O -methoxamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alpha O -1 O -- O -antagonist O -azapetine O -, O -at O -a O -dose O -that O -inhibited O -the O -increase O -in O -motor O -activity O -elicited O -by O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -, O -was O -without O -effect O -on O -the O -decrease O -in O -activity O -produced O -by O -clonidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rats O -pretreated O -s O -. O -c O -. O -with O -13 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -of O -mianserin B-Chemical -, O -the O -locomotor O -depressant O -effect O -of O -clonidine B-Chemical -and O -stimulant O -action O -of O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -were O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -, O -in O -this O -in O -vivo O -model O -system O -, O -mianserin B-Chemical -given O -systemically O -did O -not O -display O -any O -appreciable O -selectivity O -for O -blocking O -alpha O -1 O -- O -or O -alpha O -2 O -- O -receptors O -in O -the O -CNS O -. O - -aps B-category -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -( O -80 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -potentiates O -the O -fall O -in O -blood O -pressure O -produced O -by O -an O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -agents O -( O -alpha O -- O -thioglycerol O -, O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -, O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -dimercapto O -- O -l O -- O -propanol O -, O -DL B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -, O -glutathione B-Chemical -, O -diethyldithiocarbamate O -) O -can O -similarly O -modify O -the O -effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -on O -blood O -pressure O -but O -two O -metal O -complexing O -agents O -( O -CaNa2 O -EDTA O -and O -orthophenantroline O -) O -are O -inactive O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -does O -not O -modify O -the O -blood O -pressure O -drop O -due O -to O -dimaprit O -but O -increases O -that O -to O -2 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -pyridyl O -) O -ethylamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Penile O -erection O -induced O -by O -apomorphine B-Chemical -and O -N O -- O -n O -- O -propyl O -- O -norapomorphine O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sexual O -stimulant O -response O -to O -APO O -and O -NPA O -is O -prevented O -by O -haloperidol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -3 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -) O -and O -sulpiride B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -) O -but O -is O -not O -affected O -by O -domperidone B-Chemical -( O -3 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -) O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -extracerebral O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Microbial O -oxidation O -of O -methane O -and O -methanol O -: O -purification O -and O -properties O -of O -a O -heme O -- O -containing O -aldehyde B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -Methylomonas O -methylovora O -. O - -aps B-category -Biological O -electron O -acceptors O -such O -as O -NAD O -+ O -, O -NADP O -+ O -, O -FAD O -, O -FMN O -, O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -and O -cytochrome O -c O -cannot O -act O -as O -electron O -carriers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -enzyme O -as O -estimated O -by O -gel O -filtration O -is O -approximately O -45000 O -and O -the O -subunit O -size O -determined O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -is O -approximately O -23000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -the O -enzyme O -is O -also O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Synthesis O -and O -pharmacological O -investigation O -of O -ether B-Chemical -derivatives O -of O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -, O -2 O -, O -- O -propanediol O -, O -I O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -whole O -the O -efficacy O -of O -Tiaprid O -seems O -far O -better O -than O -that O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -and O -side O -effects O -are O -definitely O -fewer O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -pH O -treatment O -had O -similar O -effects O -as O -high O -salt B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Bunyavirus O -development O -in O -arctic O -and O -Aedes O -aegypti O -mosquitoes O -as O -revealed O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -staining O -and O -immunofluorescence O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemotherapeutic O -effect O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -on O -streptococcus O -mutans O -and O -rat O -dental O -caries O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -of O -2 O -- O -[ O -( O -7 O -- O -chloro O -- O -4 O -- O -quinolyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -] O -benzoic O -acid O -3 O -- O -pyridine O -carboxamide O -- O -N O -- O -ethyl O -ester O -( O -nicafenine O -) O -was O -carried O -out O -by O -a O -new O -method O -using O -isatoic O -anhydride O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -DL O -- O -, O -D O -- O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -with O -the O -transport O -system O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -human O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -observed O -that O -all O -three O -compounds O -competitively O -inhibit O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -transport O -and O -have O -identical O -inhibition O -constants O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thermodynamic O -parameters O -of O -the O -interaction O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -with O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -transport O -system O -were O -determined O -and O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lytic O -enzyme O -complex O -of O -the O -culture O -medium O -of O -microorganisms O -was O -partially O -purified O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -work O -and O -acute O -beta O -- O -receptor O -blockade O -on O -myocardial O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -release O -in O -congestive O -cardiomyopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Detoxication O -of O -heroin B-Chemical -addicts O -in O -the O -area O -of O -Genoa O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cholesterol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -rich I-Chemical -diet O -does O -not O -change O -the O -liver O -NAD O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -liver O -coenzyme O -changes O -caused O -by O -the O -cholesterol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -rich I-Chemical -diet O -and O -by O -the O -normal O -refeeding O -of O -SHR O -are O -opposite O -to O -those O -established O -in O -normotensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -show O -that O -the O -effect O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -rich I-Chemical -diet O -on O -the O -coenzyme O -content O -in O -the O -SHR O -is O -opposite O -to O -that O -in O -normotensive O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -cholesterol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -rich I-Chemical -diet O -influences O -the O -metabolism O -of O -the O -liver O -, O -the O -kidney O -and O -the O -vascular O -wall O -in O -a O -different O -way O -and O -to O -a O -different O -degree O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Double O -- O -blind O -evaluation O -of O -a O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -compound O -( O -lorazepam B-Chemical -) O -as O -premedication O -in O -upper O -digestive O -endoscopy O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -potencies O -of O -four O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -minor O -tranquilizers O -in O -depressing O -respiratory O -function O -were O -investigated O -in O -rats O -and O -cats O -anesthetized O -with O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -, O -given O -intravenously O -either O -as O -a O -CMC O -- O -suspension O -or O -as O -the O -preparation O -Cercine O -, O -in O -the O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -, O -suppressed O -both O -the O -number O -of O -the O -burst O -discharges O -and O -the O -magnitude O -of O -the O -integrated O -signal O -of O -the O -discharge O -of O -the O -phrenic O -nerve O -of O -the O -cat O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -potencies O -which O -depress O -the O -respiratory O -function O -vary O -for O -each O -minor O -tranquilizer O -, O -namely O -the O -ddpressive O -actions O -of O -oxazolan O -and O -cloxazolam O -are O -weaker O -than O -those O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -chloridiazepoxide O -. O - -aps B-category -Betamethasone O -17 O -, O -21 O -- O -dipropionate O -( O -BDP O -) O -does O -not O -have O -glycogenic O -activity O -and O -antagonizes O -cortisol B-Chemical -in O -glycogenesis O -in O -fetal O -rat O -liver O -explants O -. O - -aps B-category -Cortisol O -increased O -both O -total O -and O -a O -activities O -of O -glycogen O -synthase O -at O -concentrations O -above O -3 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -M O -. O -BDP O -, O -unlike O -cortisol B-Chemical -, O -did O -not O -increase O -total O -synthase O -activity O -at O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -and O -antagonized O -cortisol B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -) O -, O -but O -like O -cortisol B-Chemical -, O -it O -did O -increase O -synthase O -a O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -centazolone O -on O -biogenic O -amine B-Chemical -levels O -in O -rat O -brain O -& O -amp O -; O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -phenyloxidase O -activity O -was O -found O -to O -be O -regulated O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -catabolite O -repression O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamine O -repressed O -the O -phenyloxidases O -of O -all O -isolates O -except O -those O -of O -serotype O -B O -, O -and O -( O -NH4 O -) O -2SO4 O -repressed O -the O -phenyloxidase O -of O -all O -isolates O -except O -that O -of O -serotype O -A O -. O -Tyrosine O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -appeared O -to O -be O -near O -optimal O -for O -phenyloxidase O -activity O -but O -not O -necessarily O -for O -growth O -of O -all O -strain O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -for O -NADH O -- O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -in O -Trypanosoma O -cruzi O -epimastigotes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weights O -of O -the O -native O -NADH O -- O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -were O -estimated O -to O -be O -360 O -, O -000 O -and O -265 O -, O -000 O -, O -respectively O -, O -and O -those O -of O -the O -subunits O -to O -be O -58 O -, O -000 O -and O -43 O -, O -000 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -purine B-Chemical -nucleotides O -were O -shown O -to O -be O -potent O -inhibitors O -of O -the O -NADH O -- O -linked O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phospholipid O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -and O -role O -of O -phospholipids O -in O -enzyme O -and O -transport O -function O -of O -gastric O -( O -H O -+ O -+ O -K O -+ O -) O -- O -ATPase O -vesicles O -was O -studied O -using O -phospholipase O -A2 O -( O -bee O -venom O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -showed O -a O -high O -degree O -of O -unsaturation O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -other O -major O -difference O -was O -observed O -between O -the O -two O -enzymes O -, O -the O -stimulation O -of O -the O -basal O -lateral O -and O -not O -the O -brush O -border O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -by O -SDS O -, O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -, O -or O -cholate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -various O -parameters O -on O -heparin B-Chemical -utilization O -in O -short O -- O -term O -hemodialysis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -gamma O -- O -GTP O -activity O -from O -the O -capillaries O -of O -cerebral O -cortex O -of O -both O -mouse O -and O -rabbit O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -methionine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -- O -affinity O -transport O -mechanisms O -toward O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -GABA B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -were O -similar O -in O -both O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -apomorphine B-Chemical -, O -which O -causes O -hyperthermia O -in O -rabbits O -also O -caused O -disaggregation O -of O -brain O -polysomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyridoxal O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -PLP O -) O -concentrations O -were O -measured O -in O -brains O -of O -rats O -to O -determine O -whether O -a O -deficiency O -of O -this O -coenzyme O -was O -a O -common O -feature O -in O -hepatic O -coma O -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -intoxication O -, O -and O -in O -animals O -treated O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -or O -with O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -) O -alone O -or O -with O -inhibitors O -of O -MAO O -or O -of O -L O -- O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -decarboxylase O -. O - -aps B-category -Cerebral O -PLP O -concentrations O -were O -reduced O -after O -some O -of O -these O -treatments O -, O -notably O -injection O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -or O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -alone O -or O -with O -beta O -- O -phenylisopropylhydrazine O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -MAO O -, O -or O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -together O -with O -N O -- O -[ O -beta O -- O -( O -chlorophenoxy O -) O -ethyl O -] O -cyclopropylamine O -hydrochloride O -, O -Lilly O -51641 O -, O -another O -MAO O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -evaluation O -of O -tiodonium O -chloride B-Chemical -as O -an O -antiplaque O -and O -anticaries O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifty O -- O -five O -participants O -were O -grouped O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -their O -tendency O -to O -form O -plaque O -, O -then O -randomly O -assigned O -to O -use O -either O -a O -placebo O -or O -a O -0 O -. O -3 O -% O -tiodonium O -chloride B-Chemical -rinse O -. O - -aps B-category -Saliva O -was O -collected O -before O -and O -30 O -minutes O -after O -the O -final O -rinse O -and O -mixed O -with O -5 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -also O -restricted O -the O -ability O -of O -plaque O -or O -saliva O -to O -metabolize O -sucrose B-Chemical -as O -monitored O -by O -pH O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparative O -evaluation O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -isopropamide O -( O -Priamide O -) O -and O -atropine B-Chemical -on O -subperiods O -of O -the O -left O -heart O -ventricle O -systole O -using O -polygraphic O -examination O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -in O -ventilation O -and O -gas O -exchange O -in O -patients O -with O -chronic O -obstructive O -pulmonary O -disease O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Naloxone B-Chemical -as O -antidote O -in O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -poisoning O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cases O -of O -cattle O -suppurative O -infection O -a O -statistically O -significant O -reduction O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -four O -rumen O -content O -indices O -: O -pH O -from O -7 O -. O -61 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -02 O -fell O -to O -6 O -. O -90 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -06 O -; O -number O -of O -infusoria O -- O -- O -from O -295 O -820 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2890 O -per O -cm3 O -fell O -to O -75 O -867 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1260 O -per O -cm3 O -; O -volatile O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -from O -919 O -. O -7 O -+ O -/ O -- O -10 O -. O -08 O -mg O -% O -diminished O -to O -489 O -. O -48 O -+ O -/ O -- O -18 O -. O -91 O -, O -and O -ammonia B-Chemical -from O -27 O -. O -69 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -51 O -mg O -% O -was O -reduced O -to O -12 O -. O -23 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -73 O -mg O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Prefixation O -, O -however O -, O -protects O -the O -enzyme O -from O -further O -inhibition O -by O -lead B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Regulation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -production O -in O -streptomycetes O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Catalytic O -subunit O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -cyclic O -2 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -monophosphate O -- O -dependent O -protein O -kinase O -from O -rat O -muscle O -: O -basic O -properties O -and O -factors O -influencing O -the O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -course O -of O -these O -investigations O -new O -evidence O -was O -obtained O -that O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -evolving I-Chemical -side O -of O -the O -electron O -transport O -scheme O -is O -differently O -organized O -in O -Oscillatoria O -chalybea O -when O -compared O -to O -tobacco O -chloroplasts O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -enzymes O -were O -inhibited O -by O -NaF O -, O -HgCl2 O -, O -and O -cysteine B-Chemical -but O -were O -stimulated O -by O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthetic O -media O -with O -asparagine O -as O -a O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -stimulated O -more O -enzyme O -production O -than O -natural O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -quantitative O -technique O -was O -applied O -measuring O -the O -release O -of O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -glucosamine O -groups O -from O -purified O -human O -potassium B-Chemical -hyaluronate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Purine O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphates O -in O -Streptomyces O -hydrogenans O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -steroids B-Chemical -in O -the O -culture O -medium O -of O -Streptomyces O -hydrogenans O -cause O -a O -rapid O -decrease O -of O -the O -relative O -GTP O -content O -of O -the O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -initial O -decrease O -of O -the O -relative O -GTP O -content O -is O -proportional O -to O -the O -growth O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -the O -steroids B-Chemical -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -based O -on O -quantitative O -isolation O -, O -volunteer O -inoculation O -, O -as O -well O -as O -treatment O -studies O -including O -the O -use O -of O -antibiotics O -, O -such O -as O -rifampicin B-Chemical -, O -which O -differentiate O -between O -chlamydiae O -and O -ureaplasmas O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -of O -the O -drugs O -tested O -( O -dimetridazole O -, O -ornidazole O -, O -metronidazole B-Chemical -, O -tinidazole O -, O -carbimazole B-Chemical -BP O -and O -chlormethoxy O -- O -acridilamino O -- O -diethylamino O -- O -propanol O -- O -dihydrochliorde O -) O -was O -fully O -successful O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -experimental O -spironucleosis O -in O -mice O -( O -Kunstýr O -, O -1978 O -) O -and O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -recent O -reports O -on O -the O -therapeutic O -success O -of O -tinidazole O -in O -human O -giardiasis O -be O -treated O -with O -caution O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -R O -- O -mutants O -, O -with O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -S O -form O -a O -high O -degree O -of O -long O -- O -lasting O -protection O -was O -achieved O -already O -after O -a O -single O -immunization O -, O -and O -was O -not O -increased O -significantly O -by O -repeated O -injections O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prevalence O -of O -hepatitis O -B O -virus O -infections O -was O -examined O -in O -four O -groups O -from O -Liberia O -using O -radioimmunoassays O -for O -HBsAg B-Chemical -, O -anti O -- O -HBs O -and O -anti O -- O -HBc O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -HBsAg B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -concentration I-Chemical -is O -mostly O -lower O -in O -the O -positive O -Liberians O -than O -in O -German O -HBsAg B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carriers I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -effects O -of O -oral O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -( O -2 O -mg O -on O -the O -night O -before O -operation O -followed O -by O -2 O -mg O -on O -the O -morning O -of O -operation O -) O -and O -placebo O -as O -premedicants O -were O -tested O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -study O -in O -81 O -gynaecological O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -most O -parameters O -tested O -( O -sleep O -on O -the O -night O -before O -operation O -, O -sedation O -, O -apprehension O -, O -headache O -, O -pulse O -rate O -) O -, O -there O -was O -a O -positive O -, O -significant O -difference O -between O -the O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -group O -( O -n O -= O -44 O -) O -and O -the O -placebo O -group O -( O -n O -= O -37 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -correlation O -between O -the O -plasma O -concentration O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -and O -its O -demethylated O -metabolite O -( O -separate O -or O -total O -concentrations O -) O -and O -any O -of O -the O -parameters O -tested O -before O -induction O -of O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Thiophene O -- O -containing O -potentially O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -rigid O -spiroamines O -. O - -aps B-category -Thiophene O -- O -containing O -potentially O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -rigid O -spiroamines O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -on O -the O -isolated O -superior O -cervical O -ganglion O -of O -the O -rat O -that O -some O -antiobiotics O -exerted O -a O -blocking O -effect O -nearly O -as O -potent O -as O -that O -exhibited O -by O -hexamethonium B-Chemical -or O -d O -- O -turbocurarine O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -conversion O -proteins O -: O -a O -potential O -role O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -delayed O -splenic O -rupture O -is O -less O -frequent O -and O -comprises O -about O -8 O -- O -- O -28 O -% O -of O -cases O -of O -splenic O -rupture O -. O - -aps B-category -Medical O -prescription O -, O -especially O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -and O -psychotropics O -, O -as O -well O -as O -of O -sedatives O -, O -should O -be O -practiced O -more O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -is O -produced O -that O -somatostatin O -competitively O -inhibits O -gastrin O -- O -stimulated O -acid O -secretion O -whereas O -it O -inhibits O -carbamylcholine O -- O -stimulated O -acid O -secretion O -by O -a O -mechanism O -which O -is O -non O -- O -competitive O -in O -nature O -and O -it O -has O -no O -action O -on O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -its O -triazole O -derivative O -( O -3 O -- O -beta O -- O -aminoethyl O -- O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -triazole O -) O -and O -immobilization O -stress O -on O -the O -gastric O -mucosal O -Ca2 O -+ O -content O -during O -the O -development O -of O -gastric O -ulcers O -in O -guinea O -pigs O -and O -rats O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -( O -100 O -mumol O -kg O -- O -1 O -more O -than O -50 O -% O -inhibited O -the O -development O -of O -gastric O -ulcers O -and O -prevented O -the O -change O -in O -Ca2 O -+ O -concentration O -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -Intra O -- O -arterial O -fusions O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -cause O -vasodilation O -of O -resistance O -vessels O -, O -extravasation O -of O -albumin O -and O -oedema O -in O -cat O -skeletal O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Stability O -in O -Newcastle O -disease O -virus O -- O -infected O -cells O -of O -HN O -protein O -which O -lost O -its O -functional O -activity O -under O -conditions O -of O -protein O -synthesis O -inhibition O -by O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -in O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -( O -100 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -) O -and O -analyzed O -by O -slab O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -and O -autoradiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Antiviral O -effect O -of O -3 O -- O -[ O -bis O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -hydroxyethyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -] O -- O -acetophenone O -- O -[ O -4 O -, O -5 O -- O -diphenyl O -- O -oxyazolyl O -- O -( O -2 O -) O -] O -hydrazone O -( O -IMET O -98 O -/ O -69 O -) O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -terbutaline B-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -2 O -- O -adrenergic O -receptor O -stimulating O -compound O -, O -on O -cutaneous O -reponses O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -allergen O -, O -compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -, O -and O -trypsin O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -injection O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -microgram O -terbutaline B-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -the O -flare O -and O -weal O -responses O -was O -demonstrable O -throughout O -the O -observation O -period O -of O -90 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -weal O -response O -elicited O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -was O -slightly O -reduced O -by O -2 O -microgram O -terbutaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Use O -and O -abuse O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparative O -study O -of O -a O -cardioselective O -beta O -- O -blocking O -drug O -, O -metoprolol B-Chemical -, O -in O -ordinary O -and O -slow O -- O -release O -tablets O -( O -Durules O -) O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -angina O -pectoris O -. O - -aps B-category -and O -metoprolol B-Chemical -slow O -- O -release O -tablets O -( O -Durules O -) O -0 O -. O -2 O -g O -once O -daily O -in O -16 O -patients O -with O -angina O -pectoris O -. O - -aps B-category -F O -- O -, O -CN O -- O -) O -and O -H2O2 B-Chemical -with O -horseradish O -peroxidase O -was O -found O -to O -displace O -the O -spin O -label O -, O -it O -was O -concluded O -that O -the O -spin O -label O -did O -not O -indeed O -bind O -to O -the O -active O -site O -of O -horseradish O -peroxidase O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -changes O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -both O -bound O -and O -free O -spin O -label O -with O -pH O -, O -the O -pK O -value O -of O -the O -acid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alkali I-Chemical -transition O -of O -horseradish O -peroxidase O -was O -found O -to O -be O -10 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -this O -finding O -, O -the O -minimum O -distance O -between O -the O -iron B-Chemical -atom O -and O -nitroxide O -group O -and O -hence O -a O -lower O -limit O -to O -the O -depth O -of O -the O -heme O -pocket O -of O -horseradish O -peroxidase O -was O -estimated O -to O -be O -22 O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -[ O -gamma O -- O -32P O -] O -ATP O -, O -it O -has O -been O -shown O -that O -such O -activation O -is O -accompanied O -by O -incorporation O -of O -at O -least O -one O -phosphate B-Chemical -residue O -into O -the O -enzyme O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -superoxide B-Chemical -radicals O -formed O -on O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -flavoprotein O -of O -liver O -microsomes O -can O -reduce O -cytochromes O -c O -, O -b5 O -, O -and O -P O -- O -450 O -. O - -aps B-category -the O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -barbiturate B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -barbiturate I-Chemical -sedatives O -( O -5 O -. O -5 O -per O -cent O -) O -ranked O -first O -. O - -aps B-category -Responses O -of O -pulmonary O -and O -systemic O -circulations O -of O -perinatal O -goats O -to O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F2 I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Multiple O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -evidence O -for O -multiple O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -iron B-Chemical -on O -surface O -charge O -and O -hydrophobicity O -of O -Neisseria O -gonorrhoeae O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -complex O -effects O -of O -iron B-Chemical -, O -in O -combination O -with O -other O -variables O -known O -to O -affect O -surface O -charge O -and O -hydrophobicity O -, O -have O -provided O -some O -clues O -as O -to O -the O -properties O -of O -the O -gonococcal O -surface O -that O -are O -important O -in O -promoting O -virulence O -. O - -aps B-category -E O -. O -coli O -19 O -+ O -, O -which O -have O -mannose O -- O -sensitive O -adhesins O -, O -were O -derived O -from O -E O -. O -coli O -strain O -19 O -by O -culturing O -in O -static O -Trypticase O -soy O -broth O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -E O -. O -coli O -19 O -- O -, O -which O -lack O -mannose O -- O -sensitive O -adhesins O -, O -were O -derived O -from O -E O -. O -coli O -19 O -by O -culturing O -in O -agitated O -Trypticase O -soy O -broth O -at O -30 O -degrees O -C O -. O -E O -. O -coli O -19 O -+ O -attached O -to O -leukocytes O -and O -stimulated O -the O -release O -of O -lysozyme O -but O -not O -beta O -- O -glucuronidase O -or O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -association O -of O -19 O -+ O -with O -leukocytes O -and O -subsequent O -release O -of O -lysozyme O -could O -be O -blocked O -by O -alpha O -- O -methyl O -- O -D O -- O -mannoside O -but O -not O -by O -equivalent O -concentrations O -of O -dextrose B-Chemical -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Agents O -were O -tested O -for O -their O -ability O -to O -activate O -monocyte O -adenylate O -or O -guanylate O -cyclase O -in O -cell O -- O -free O -preparations O -, O -to O -increase O -cyclic B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -, I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -( O -cAMP B-Chemical -) O -or O -cyclic O -guanosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cGMP B-Chemical -) O -in O -intact O -human O -monocytes O -, O -and O -to O -modulate O -monocyte O -- O -induced O -killing O -of O -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -monocyte O -cGMP B-Chemical -levels O -were O -increased O -5 O -- O -and O -17 O -- O -fold O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -and O -N O -- O -methyl O -- O -N O -' O -- O -nitro O -- O -N O -- O -nitrosoguanidine O -, O -respectively O -, O -but O -neither O -agent O -was O -effective O -in O -modulating O -monocyte O -bactericidal O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -RDEC O -- O -1 O -adherence O -was O -inhibited O -at O -high O -ionic O -strengths O -; O -however O -, O -adherence O -was O -not O -influenced O -at O -moderately O -high O -concentrations O -( O -20 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -) O -by O -either O -d O -- O -mannose O -or O -l O -- O -fucose O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -case O -for O -other O -reported O -enteric O -pathogens O -. O - -aps B-category -Simple O -NaCl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCl I-Chemical -mixtures O -of O -appropriate O -acidity O -and O -molarity O -could O -be O -substituted O -for O -the O -acid O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -with O -the O -advantage O -of O -minimising O -non O -- O -physiological O -ion O -contributions O -to O -eluted O -materials O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -separation O -of O -cold O -drugs O -and O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -by O -high O -- O -performance O -liquid O -chromatogarphy O -with O -the O -porous O -polymer O -resin O -DVB O -- O -MCL O -- O -O O -( O -or O -11 O -- O -30 O -- O -0 O -) O -, O -which O -is O -a O -styrene O -- O -divinylbenzene O -- O -methyl O -methacrylate O -copolymer O -substituted O -with O -hydroxymethyl O -groups O -, O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -- O -performance O -liquid O -chromatography O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -peptides O -and O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -in O -the O -intact O -dog O -and O -the O -propensity O -for O -arrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -effective O -and O -total O -refractory O -periods O -were O -prolonged O -after O -nicotine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -nicotine B-Chemical -may O -increase O -the O -propensity O -for O -arrhythmias O -when O -an O -appropriately O -timed O -premature O -stimulus O -, O -of O -sufficient O -strength O -, O -encounters O -a O -ventricle O -with O -sufficient O -dispersion O -of O -refractoriness O -to O -allow O -re O -- O -entrant O -arrhythmias O -to O -be O -sustained O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -indicative O -systems O -yeast O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -/ O -NADP O -+ O -, O -leuconostoc O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -/ O -NADP O -+ O -and O -leuconostoc O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -/ O -NAD O -+ O -showed O -excellent O -correlation O -and O -no O -differences O -in O -apparent O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -activity O -with O -the O -two O -methods O -using O -NADP O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -- O -Methylumbelliferyl O -sulphate O -serves O -as O -the O -substrate O -, O -and O -silver B-Chemical -ions O -are O -used O -to O -inhibit O -arylsulphatase O -A O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Voltage O -clamp O -studies O -of O -the O -post O -- O -synaptic O -membrane O -of O -the O -locust O -neuromuscular O -junction O -have O -shown O -that O -the O -transmitter O -substance O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -cause O -an O -approximately O -equal O -increase O -in O -permeability O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ionic O -channels O -of O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -receptor O -had O -a O -high O -permeability O -to O -a O -variety O -of O -inorganic O -and O -organic O -cations O -, O -indicating O -relatively O -non O -- O -selective O -channels O -of O -size O -approximately O -0 O -. O -6 O -x O -0 O -. O -4 O -nm O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -potential O -: O -differences O -from O -the O -excitatory O -junctional O -potential O -revealed O -by O -diltiazem B-Chemical -and O -concanavalin O -A O -in O -crayfish O -neuromuscular O -junction O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -diltiazem B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -3 O -nM O -) O -was O -added O -to O -the O -perfusion O -fluid O -, O -the O -iontophoretic O -glutamate B-Chemical -potential O -was O -reduced O -to O -about O -half O -, O -whereas O -the O -amplitude O -of O -excitatory O -junctional O -potentials O -( O -EJPs O -) O -increased O -by O -about O -two O -times O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -in O -amplitude O -of O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -potential O -caused O -by O -diltiazem B-Chemical -was O -not O -due O -to O -the O -acceleration O -of O -desensitization O -of O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -quantal O -content O -and O -size O -of O -extracellular O -EJPs O -were O -not O -affected O -by O -diltiazem B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -in O -amplitude O -of O -the O -glutamate B-Chemical -potential O -was O -completely O -prevented O -by O -previous O -application O -of O -Con O -A O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Is O -glutamate B-Chemical -the O -transmitter O -of O -crustacean O -motoneurons O -? O - -aps B-category -gamma O -' O -- O -diaminosuberic O -acid O -- O -dihydrochloride O -( O -meso B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -di I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -GABA I-Chemical -) O -and O -dl O -- O -diamino O -- O -nonanedicarboxylic O -acid O -dihydrochloride O -( O -C O -- O -9 O -) O -were O -newly O -synthesized O -as O -potential O -glutamate B-Chemical -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -Excitatory O -junction O -potentials O -( O -ejps O -) O -were O -reversibly O -depressed O -or O -blocked O -while O -the O -effects O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -were O -potentiated O -. O - -aps B-category -C O -- O -9 O -( O -3 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -depressed O -or O -blocked O -the O -effect O -of O -applied O -glutamate B-Chemical -with O -little O -or O -no O -effect O -on O -ejps O -. O - -aps B-category -Meso B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -di I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -GABA I-Chemical -is O -assumed O -to O -block O -synaptic O -receptors O -and O -to O -activate O -non O -- O -synaptic O -receptors O -while O -C O -- O -9 O -seems O -to O -act O -mainly O -as O -a O -blocker O -of O -glutamate B-Chemical -action O -on O -non O -- O -synaptic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -central O -nervous O -system O -of O -the O -mollusc O -Helix O -pomatia O -, O -like O -that O -of O -other O -molluscs O -, O -contains O -a O -very O -high O -level O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -of O -the O -phenomena O -taking O -part O -in O -the O -synthesis O -and O -inactivation O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -shows O -that O -these O -processes O -are O -not O -different O -in O -vertebrates O -and O -molluscs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -monoamines B-Chemical -are O -associated O -with O -granules O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -little O -information O -on O -the O -uptake O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -by O -nervous O -structures O -, O -but O -it O -would O -seem O -that O -this O -phenomenon O -seems O -to O -play O -an O -active O -role O -in O -the O -synaptic O -inactivation O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -we O -believe O -that O -it O -plays O -a O -part O -in O -the O -neuronal O -regulation O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -levels O -and O -in O -its O -synaptic O -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -Completeness O -of O -HSTRV O -is O -controlled O -intraoperatively O -by O -a O -gastric O -pH O -meter O -and O -by O -measuring O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -of O -the O -gastric O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -hydroxyproline B-Chemical -( O -OHP O -) O -/ O -creatinine B-Chemical -( O -Cr O -) O -index O -and O -the O -free O -urinary O -alkaline O -ribonuclease O -activity O -as O -indices O -of O -nutritional O -status O -have O -been O -compared O -using O -rats O -as O -an O -experimental O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -resistant O -strains O -to O -benzylpenicillin B-Chemical -or O -ampicillin B-Chemical -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -V O -. O -Participation O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -in O -the O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -narcotic O -analgesics O -. O - -aps B-category -p O -- O -Chlorophenylalanine O -( O -pCPA O -) O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -behavioral O -changes O -produced O -in O -mice O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -fentanyl B-Chemical -, O -codeine B-Chemical -and O -pentazocine B-Chemical -but O -reduced O -the O -behavioral O -depression O -produced O -by O -these O -drugs O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -reserpine B-Chemical -the O -depression O -produced O -in O -rats O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -fentanyl B-Chemical -was O -more O -pronounced O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -mice O -reserpine B-Chemical -protected O -against O -hypermotility O -produced O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -or O -fentanyl B-Chemical -and O -TP O -potentiated O -the O -depression O -produced O -by O -the O -combination O -of O -reserpine B-Chemical -and O -morphine B-Chemical -or O -reserpine B-Chemical -and O -fentanyl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Naloxone B-Chemical -abolished O -the O -catalepsy O -after O -combined O -treatment O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -TP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -serotonin B-Chemical -system O -plays O -a O -role O -in O -the O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -fentanyl B-Chemical -on O -rat O -locomotor O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -information O -given O -mainly O -concentrates O -on O -the O -attempts O -to O -find O -antidepressants B-Chemical -without O -cardiotoxic O -side O -- O -effects O -, O -psychoneuroleptics O -without O -extrapyramidal O -side O -- O -effects O -and O -long O -- O -acting O -or O -depot O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydrocortisone B-Chemical -injection O -to O -nine O -day O -- O -old O -rats O -results O -in O -qualitative O -changes O -of O -gastric O -mucosal O -proteases O -, O -the O -proteolytic O -activity O -pattern O -of O -young O -treated O -animals O -being O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -untreated O -adult O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -steroid B-Chemical -influenced O -liver O -tyrosine B-Chemical -transaminase O -although O -tryptophan B-Chemical -pyrrolase O -activity O -was O -depressed O -by O -testosterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cortexolone O -did O -not O -alter O -either O -of O -these O -processes O -whereas O -cortisol B-Chemical -induced O -both O -enzymes O -and O -, O -at O -much O -higher O -dose O -levels O -, O -gluconeogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -results O -were O -obtained O -by O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cortisol I-Chemical -except O -that O -estradiol B-Chemical -partially O -competed O -for O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cortisol I-Chemical -binding O -sites O -even O -at O -20 O -- O -fold O -greater O -concentrations O -of O -cold O -estradiol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -are O -discussed O -in O -terms O -of O -sex O -steroid B-Chemical -binding O -to O -different O -moieties O -of O -a O -complex O -, O -heterogeneous O -, O -polymorphic O -protein O -rather O -than O -inhibition O -of O -binding O -to O -the O -active O -configuration O -acquired O -in O -presence O -of O -an O -inducer O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Histamine B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -interaction O -in O -the O -process O -of O -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -in O -humans O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -study O -of O -erythromycin B-Chemical -, O -amoxicillin B-Chemical -and O -ampicillin B-Chemical -antimicrobial O -activity O -against O -human O -respiratory O -tract O -pathogens O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -minimum O -inhibitory O -concentrations O -( O -MICs O -) O -of O -fresh O -clinical O -isolates O -of O -Streptoccus O -pyogenes O -, O -Streptocuccus O -pneumoniae O -, O -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -and O -Haemophilus O -influenzae O -to O -the O -macrolide B-Chemical -and O -penicillins B-Chemical -ranged O -between O -0 O -. O -01 O -and O -0 O -. O -9 O -microgram O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -experimental O -observations O -show O -that O -the O -onset O -of O -antimicrobial O -activity O -and O -the O -bactericidal O -effectiveness O -of O -equipotent O -concentrations O -of O -erythromycin B-Chemical -, O -amoxicillin B-Chemical -and O -ampicillin B-Chemical -were O -comparable O -in O -this O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -good O -tolerance O -of O -these O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -compounds O -, O -their O -low O -degree O -of O -activity O -on O -vigilance O -, O -are O -original O -characteristics O -of O -this O -new O -group O -of O -psychotropic O -drugs O -: O -polyvalent O -, O -or O -" O -multiple O -potential O -" O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -influence O -of O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenolytic O -premedication O -on O -cardiovascular O -parameters O -and O -plasma O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -during O -esophago O -- O -gastro O -- O -duodenoscopy O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increase O -of O -the O -plasma O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -which O -was O -noted O -in O -groups O -B O -and O -C O -, O -could O -be O -observed O -in O -Group O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -were O -correlated O -to O -the O -decrease O -of O -the O -ratio O -of O -saturated O -to O -olefinic O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -mycelium O -, O -suggesting O -that O -alcohols O -and O -other O -polar O -lipophilic O -compounds O -can O -interfere O -with O -the O -biosynthesis O -and O -the O -function O -of O -the O -cytoplasmic O -membrane O -in O -Streptomyces O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversibility O -of O -the O -dehydrogenation O -reaction O -of O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dehydrogenase I-Chemical -from O -Nocardia O -opaca O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Nine O -classes O -of O -resistance O -( O -0 O -to O -greater O -to O -or O -equal O -to O -8 O -) O -were O -formed O -by O -means O -of O -ten O -standard O -chemotherapeutics O -; O -the O -four O -new O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -were O -excluded O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -probability O -of O -restance O -in O -multiresistant O -strains O -are O -therefore O -distinguished O -more O -clearly O -from O -that O -of O -Cephalothin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -distribution O -of O -minimal O -inhibitory O -concentrations O -of O -recently O -introduced O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -in O -multiresistant O -strains O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -, O -Proteus O -mirabilis O -and O -Klebsiella O -spec O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -groups O -of O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -4 O -- O -and O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -5 O -- O -fold O -resistant O -strains O -were O -compared O -for O -each O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -tested O -( O -Fig O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -could O -be O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -different O -qualities O -of O -the O -recently O -introduced O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -revealed O -in O -multiresistant O -strains O -can O -be O -explained O -by O -different O -dependences O -on O -mechanisms O -of O -Cephalothin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistance I-Chemical -( O -Fig O -. O - -aps B-category -Efforts O -to O -purify O -the O -B O -. O -cereus O -exotoxins O -by O -precipitation O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -and O -subsequent O -chromatography O -on O -Sephadex O -- O -G O -- O -75 O -and O -Biogel O -- O -P O -- O -60 O -columns O -were O -partially O -successfull O -. O - -aps B-category -Anesthesia O -based O -upon O -alfentanil B-Chemical -and O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -or O -etomidate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -flunitrazepam B-Chemical -on O -different O -body O -functions O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Treatment O -with O -high O -doses O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -the O -acute O -phase O -of O -mental O -diseases O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -examinations O -can O -be O -carried O -out O -in O -general O -medical O -practice O -and O -they O -will O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -diagnosis O -of O -chronic O -pyelonephritis O -with O -relatively O -high O -probability O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -containing O -calculi O -and O -so O -- O -called O -" O -infection O -stones O -" O -need O -surgical O -intervention O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -adrenergic O -drugs O -on O -aqueous O -cAMP B-Chemical -and O -cGMP B-Chemical -and O -intraocular O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -drugs O -produced O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -cAMP B-Chemical -in O -the O -treated O -eyes O -and O -all O -but O -terbutaline B-Chemical -produced O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -fellow O -eye O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -( O -1 O -) O -diverse O -adrenoceptor O -stimulation O -can O -increase O -cAMP B-Chemical -, O -but O -( O -2 O -) O -not O -necessarily O -in O -direct O -relation O -to O -an O -agent O -' O -s O -hypotension O -induced O -by O -pilocarpine B-Chemical -is O -not O -accompanied O -by O -an O -increase O -in O -aqueous O -cGMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -I O -. O -- O -In O -vitro O -study O -by O -partition O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -between O -an O -aqueous O -solution O -and O -an O -immiscible O -organic O -solvent O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -are O -used O -to O -compute O -the O -concentrations O -of O -unbound O -ionized O -and O -unionized O -bilirubin B-Chemical -and O -the O -bilirubin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -albumin I-Chemical -characteristics O -( O -association O -constant O -K O -and O -nomber O -n O -of O -primary O -binding O -sites O -per O -mole O -of O -albumin O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Sodium B-Chemical -sulfacetamide O -for O -injections O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -ATP O -and O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -for O -mitochondrial O -function O -during O -myocardial O -ischemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -correlation O -coefficients O -were O -found O -: O -ATP O -: O -0 O -. O -87 O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -: O -0 O -. O -93 O -, O -interstitial O -H O -+ O -: O -0 O -. O -73 O -. O - -aps B-category -Swelling O -measurements O -of O -mitochondria O -, O -isolated O -immediately O -after O -cardioplegic O -arrest O -, O -demonstrated O -that O -an O -undissociated O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -an O -ATP O -- O -concentration O -of O -70 O -microM O -and O -28 O -microM O -respectively O -are O -necessary O -for O -a O -half O -maximal O -swelling O -reaction O -under O -anaerobic O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -reports O -the O -quantitative O -effect O -of O -the O -H1 O -- O -- O -and O -H2 O -- O -- O -receptor O -antagonists O -on O -dextran B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -anaphylactoid O -oedema O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -burimamide O -an O -H2 O -- O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -at O -doses O -below O -500 O -micrograms O -/ O -kg O -inhibit O -dextran B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -oedema O -but O -at O -higher O -doses O -enhances O -oedema O -formation O -in O -the O -test O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dual O -effects O -of O -burimamide O -on O -dextran B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -oedema O -merits O -further O -investigation O -and O -confirmation O -with O -the O -aid O -of O -other O -H1 O -- O -- O -and O -/ O -or O -H2 O -- O -- O -receptor O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimization O -of O -erythromycin B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -by O -controlling O -pH O -and O -temperature O -: O -theoretical O -aspects O -and O -practical O -application O -. O - -aps B-category -Imposing O -a O -transmembrane O -potential O -positive O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -medium O -on O -chromaffin O -granule O -ghosts O -increased O -the O -initial O -rate O -of O -the O -delta O -pH O -- O -induced O -uptake O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -imposing O -a O -negative O -potential O -decreased O -this O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -Brain O -striatal O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -: O -activation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -by O -cyclic O -AMP O -- O -independent O -phosphorylation O -. O - -aps B-category -Amphetamines O -facilitate O -and O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -diminish O -neural O -transmission O -mediated O -by O -the O -chemical O -substance O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -some O -cases O -there O -was O -evidence O -of O -increased O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concomitants O -of O -these O -phenomena O -, O -involving O -the O -biological O -amines B-Chemical -or O -the O -neurotransmitters O -, O -must O -be O -elucidated O -. O - -aps B-category -Particular O -emphasis O -has O -been O -given O -to O -serotonin B-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -and O -the O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -number O -of O -drugs O -are O -traditionally O -blamed O -for O -causing O -depression O -: O -in O -general O -medicine O -, O -the O -antihypertensives O -, O -the O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -and O -the O -appetite B-Chemical -suppressants I-Chemical -; O -in O -psychiatry O -, O -the O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Classification O -of O -the O -antidepressants B-Chemical -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -standard O -division O -is O -between O -the O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -and O -the O -chemically O -heterogeneous O -MAOIs O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -regards O -the O -mechanisms O -of O -action O -, O -we O -have O -the O -antidepressants B-Chemical -which O -act O -selectively O -upon O -serotonin B-Chemical -and O -those O -which O -act O -more O -particularly O -upon O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -the O -sedative O -antidepressants B-Chemical -, O -active O -in O -agitated O -depression O -and O -the O -stimulant O -antidepressants B-Chemical -which O -are O -active O -in O -retarded O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antidepressive O -action O -of O -ECT O -fits O -the O -amine B-Chemical -hypothesis O -, O -ECT O -causes O -a O -sustained O -increase O -of O -the O -synthesis O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -of O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -amine B-Chemical -receptors O -and O -creates O -conditions O -for O -alleviating O -both O -" O -low O -- O -output O -" O -and O -" O -low O -- O -sensitivity O -" O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -research O -of O -new O -antidepressants B-Chemical -: O -present O -orientations O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -New O -compounds O -are O -sought O -which O -will O -provide O -: O -1 O -. O -fewer O -side O -effects O -, O -particularly O -anticholinergic O -and O -cardiovascular O -effects O -; O -2 O -. O -more O -rapid O -onset O -of O -action O -than O -7 O -- O -10 O -days O -required O -of O -most O -antidepressants B-Chemical -now O -used O -; O -3 O -. O -efficacy O -in O -a O -higher O -percentage O -of O -patients O -than O -the O -65 O -- O -70 O -per O -cent O -estimated O -to O -respond O -to O -currently O -available O -antidepressant B-Chemical -therapies O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -several O -drugs O -currently O -being O -tested O -as O -anorectics O -seem O -promising O -for O -future O -antidepressant B-Chemical -drugs O -research O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tricyclic O -and O -related O -antidepressants B-Chemical -reduce O -monoamine O -uptake O -at O -the O -synapses O -, O -block O -the O -presynaptic O -receptors O -and O -, O -after O -chronic O -administration O -, O -act O -upon O -the O -synthesis O -of O -the O -monoamines B-Chemical -and O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -post O -- O -synaptic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -combining O -these O -findings O -and O -by O -highlighting O -one O -or O -other O -of O -these O -properties O -, O -it O -is O -possible O -to O -come O -to O -diametrically O -opposite O -conclusions O -upon O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -antidepressants B-Chemical -upon O -monoamine O -performance O -( O -activation O -or O -inhibition O -) O -and O -to O -develop O -many O -models O -of O -the O -mechanisms O -of O -antidepressant B-Chemical -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Amineptine O -is O -a O -tricyclic O -derivative O -with O -a O -7 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -chain O -of O -aminoacids O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -pharmacological O -profile O -suggests O -an O -effect O -of O -amineptine O -upon O -certain O -dopamine B-Chemical -structures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -neurotensin B-Chemical -on O -insulin O -and O -somatostatin O -release O -were O -examined O -in O -isolated O -pancreatic O -islets O -prepared O -from O -3 O -- O -4 O -days O -rats O -, O -and O -maintained O -in O -culture O -for O -48 O -h O -before O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Neurotensin O -( O -150 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -100 O -nM O -) O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -glucagon O -- O -stimulated O -release O -, O -nor O -did O -it O -alter O -the O -release O -of O -either O -peptide O -measured O -at O -12 O -mM O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -the O -absence O -of O -glucagon O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -suggest O -that O -neurotensin B-Chemical -may O -modulate O -the O -release O -of O -insulin O -and O -somatostatin O -evoked O -by O -high O -glucose B-Chemical -concentrations O -, O -but O -not O -that O -resulting O -from O -the O -action O -of O -glucagon O -on O -pancreatic O -islets O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -phosphorus B-Chemical -displayed O -a O -highly O -significant O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -fall O -with O -a O -maximum O -depression O -below O -baseline O -of O -1 O -. O -11 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -15 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -ml O -or O -33 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -% O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SEM O -) O -; O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -correlation O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -between O -this O -fall O -and O -the O -insulin O -peaks O -induced O -by O -arginine O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -also O -abolished O -the O -fall O -in O -plasma O -phosphorus B-Chemical -but O -appeared O -( O -if O -anything O -) O -to O -augment O -the O -increase O -in O -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Prolactin O -response O -and O -extrapyramidal O -side O -effects O -during O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -treatment O -in O -chronic O -schizophrenic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -redefinition O -of O -normal O -acid O -- O -base O -equilibrium O -in O -man O -: O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -as O -a O -key O -determinant O -of O -normal O -plasma O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -undertaken O -to O -examine O -the O -possibility O -that O -a O -similar O -relationship O -between O -normal O -levels O -of O -PCO2 O -and O -plasma O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -might O -be O -present O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -approximately O -50 O -% O -of O -the O -normal O -variance O -in O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -concentration O -is O -explained O -simply O -by O -the O -variance O -in O -PCO2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -natriuretic O -substance O -in O -F4 O -was O -( O -1 O -) O -untrafiltrable O -through O -a O -membrane O -with O -a O -claimed O -molecular O -- O -weight O -cut O -- O -off O -of O -500 O -daltons O -( O -Amicon O -UMO5 O -) O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -soluble O -in O -more O -polar O -organic O -solvents O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -totally O -soluble O -in O -95 O -% O -acetone O -when O -specific O -activity O -was O -doubled O -; O -( O -4 O -) O -relatively O -resistant O -to O -heating O -at O -100 O -degrees O -C O -for O -1 O -hour O -at O -a O -pH O -of O -10 O -, O -and O -to O -heating O -at O -110 O -degrees O -C O -in O -6 O -N O -hydrochloric O -acid O -for O -up O -to O -90 O -hours O -under O -anaerobic O -conditions O -, O -and O -treatment O -with O -nitrous O -acid O -; O -it O -was O -less O -resistant O -to O -these O -procedures O -when O -extracted O -into O -95 O -% O -acetone O -; O -( O -5 O -) O -not O -destroyed O -by O -trypsin O -, O -chymotrypsin O -, O -pronase O -, O -pepsin O -, O -leucine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -, O -and O -subtilysin O -, O -nor O -was O -it O -destroyed O -by O -pepsin O -, O -leucine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -, O -subtilysin O -, O -carboxypeptidase O -A O -and O -B O -, O -and O -aminopeptidase O -M O -, O -or O -by O -monoamine O -oxidase O -, O -aryl O -sulphatase O -, O -and O -beta O -- O -glucuronidase O -when O -extracted O -into O -95 O -% O -acetone O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -were O -performed O -on O -12 O -patients O -with O -idiopathic O -hypercalciuria O -to O -evaluate O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -acid O -load O -accompanying O -potassium B-Chemical -acid O -phosphate B-Chemical -would O -adversely O -affect O -renal O -calcium B-Chemical -reabsorption O -and O -citrate B-Chemical -excretion O -compared O -to O -the O -neutral O -form O -of O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -salt B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -AP O -) O -did O -not O -reduce O -FECa O -acutely O -, O -and O -led O -to O -a O -rise O -in O -TA O -( O -22 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -to O -62 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -muEq O -/ O -min O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -and O -NAE O -( O -46 O -+ O -/ O -- O -6 O -to O -6 O -89 O -+ O -/ O -- O -7 O -muEq O -/ O -min O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -02 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -TA O -and O -NAE O -were O -higher O -following O -AP O -, O -whereas O -citrate B-Chemical -excretion O -was O -lower O -( O -375 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -64 O -. O -6 O -vs O -. O -633 O -. O -4 O -+ O -/ O -- O -28 O -. O -8 O -mg O -/ O -day O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Natural O -abundance O -13C O -NMR O -spectra O -at O -38 O -MHz O -resolve O -all O -of O -the O -nonprotonated O -aromatic O -carbons O -from O -the O -three O -phenylalanines O -, O -two O -tyrosines O -, O -and O -one O -tryptophan B-Chemical -of O -the O -coat O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Compressive O -extradural O -lipomatosis O -as O -an O -unusual O -complication O -of O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -therapy O -: O -one O -case O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Decompressive O -surgery O -at O -the O -16th O -month O -of O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -treatment O -resulted O -in O -regression O -of O -symptoms O -and O -signs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vitro O -activity O -of O -cefaclor O -was O -compared O -with O -that O -of O -cephalexin B-Chemical -and O -cephradine O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -4 O -patients O -with O -cirrhosis O -and O -ascites O -, O -diuretic B-Chemical -therapy O -resulted O -in O -an O -impairment O -of O -renal O -function O -that O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -rise O -in O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -( O -PRA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -2 O -further O -patients O -, O -administration O -of O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockers O -during O -a O -period O -of O -diuretic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -renal O -impairment O -resulted O -in O -an O -improvement O -in O -renal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -clorazepate O -( O -Tranxene O -) O -- O -induced O -jaundice O -. O - -aps B-category -RDT O -with O -acetate O -- O -free O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -buffered O -dialysis O -fluid O -: O -long O -- O -term O -effects O -on O -lipid O -pattern O -, O -acid O -- O -base O -balance O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -delivery O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -9 O -of O -these O -patients O -triglyceride B-Chemical -levels O -fell O -significantly O -on O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -treatment O -; O -they O -shifted O -back O -to O -higher O -values O -after O -return O -to O -acetate O -dialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -large O -- O -surface O -area O -dialysis O -( O -LS O -) O -using O -dialysate O -containing O -both O -acetate O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -( O -LS O -- O -C O -) O -on O -a O -patient O -' O -s O -symptomatology O -was O -compared O -with O -that O -noted O -with O -acetate O -( O -LS O -- O -A O -) O -or O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -( O -LS O -- O -B O -) O -in O -the O -dialysis O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -Nine O -uraemic O -patients O -not O -yet O -on O -dialysis O -received O -IV O -1 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -for O -85 O -min O -after O -a O -priming O -dose O -of O -1 O -mg O -. O -Fifteen O -days O -later O -six O -of O -them O -received O -IV O -1 O -. O -2 O -microgram O -/ O -kg O -/ O -min O -of O -metoprolol B-Chemical -after O -a O -priming O -dose O -of O -1 O -. O -2 O -mg O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -( O -i O -) O -propranolol B-Chemical -acutely O -suppresses O -PTH O -and O -Calcitonin B-Chemical -secretion O -in O -uraemic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemical O -relaxation O -studies O -on O -the O -horse O -liver O -alcohol B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -( O -LPS O -) O -was O -found O -to O -be O -chemically O -distinct O -from O -the O -LPS O -of O -facultative O -gram O -- O -negative O -bacteria O -in O -that O -it O -lacked O -two O -core O -sugars O -, O -2 O -- O -keto O -- O -3 O -- O -deoxyoctonate O -and O -heptose O -, O -as O -well O -as O -beta O -- O -hydroxymyristic O -acid O -, O -the O -predominant O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -lipid O -A O -moiety O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -B O -. O -melaninogenicus O -have O -included O -purification O -of O -a O -capsular O -substance O -, O -characterization O -of O -the O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -and O -a O -variety O -of O -toxic O -substances O -and O -lytic O -enzymes O -, O -and O -ecologic O -aspects O -of O -its O -colonization O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -inhibition O -of O -rat O -and O -human O -cardiac O -guanylate O -cyclase O -by O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -adriamycin B-Chemical -) O -: O -possible O -link O -to O -anthracycline B-Chemical -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Fructose O -and O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -content O -was O -investigated O -in O -the O -sperm O -of O -27 O -bulls O -with O -anamnesis O -data O -for O -" O -low O -quality O -sperm O -" O -. O - -aps B-category -Fructose O -and O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -value O -in O -I O -and O -II O -grade O -Oligokinospermia O -were O -insignificantly O -lower O -than O -the O -low O -limit O -of O -these O -indices O -observed O -in O -bulls O -with O -normal O -spermoproduction O -. O - -aps B-category -Fructose O -reduction O -in O -bull O -' O -s O -semen O -below O -400 O -. O -0 O -mg O -% O -and O -of O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -below O -500 O -. O -0 O -mg O -% O -in O -case O -of O -negative O -data O -for O -inflammatory O -changes O -in O -vesiculae O -seminalis O -is O -a O -diagnostic O -symptom O -for O -disfunction O -of O -vesiculae O -seminalis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dominantly O -alpha O -adrenergic O -agonist O -phenylephrine B-Chemical -( O -Sympathomim O -) O -had O -not O -any O -effect O -; O -the O -alpha O -blocker O -phenoxybenzamine O -( O -Dibenzyline O -) O -slightly O -depressed O -gastric O -evaluation O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -pretreatment O -by O -phenoxybenzamine O -of O -the O -animals O -did O -not O -affect O -epinephrine B-Chemical -influence O -whereas O -a O -pretreatment O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -completely O -abolished O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -on O -gastric O -motility O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -is O -recommended O -for O -use O -in O -plating O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Pot O -experiments O -performed O -indicated O -that O -high O -incubation O -temperature O -( O -30 O -, O -37 O -degrees O -C O -) O -markedly O -enhanced O -development O -of O -Azotobacter O -as O -well O -as O -the O -gains O -of O -total O -nitrogen B-Chemical -, O -particularly O -when O -soils O -are O -amended O -with O -1 O -% O -maize O -straw O -and O -incubated O -for O -12 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -ruthenium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -in O -the O -culture O -media O -on O -the O -nitrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fixing I-Chemical -ability O -of O -the O -three O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fixers O -( O -unidentified O -species O -of O -Azotobacter O -, O -designated O -here O -as O -D3 O -, O -B3 O -, O -and O -B O -) O -, O -isolated O -from O -Allahabad O -soil O -, O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -if O -mg O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fixed O -/ O -g O -carbon B-Chemical -consumed O -in O -two O -culture O -media O -with O -successive O -increasing O -concentrations O -of O -ruthenium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -is O -compared O -by O -calculating O -the O -difference O -in O -increase O -of O -the O -amount O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fixed O -and O -carbon B-Chemical -consumed O -in O -these O -two O -culture O -media O -, O -it O -was O -observed O -that O -high O -amounts O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -are O -fixed O -by O -B3 O -and O -B O -between O -25 O -- O -50 O -micro O -M O -, O -and O -between O -50 O -- O -75 O -micro O -M O -concentration O -of O -ruthenium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -by O -D3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Kerosene O -exhibited O -marked O -inhibition O -on O -the O -growth O -of O -the O -majority O -of O -the O -strains O -, O -whereas O -active O -growth O -was O -observed O -with O -Debaryomyces O -vanrijii O -and O -many O -species O -of O -the O -genus O -Candida O -in O -media O -with O -n O -- O -hexadecane O -or O -wax O -distillate O -as O -sole O -source O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Dihydrofolate O -reductases O -of O -five O -species O -of O -the O -family O -Neisseriaceae O -were O -compared O -by O -means O -of O -inhibition O -profiles O -, O -using O -several O -structurally O -different O -inhibitors O -, O -including O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -( O -TMP O -) O -and O -pyrimethamine O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Investigations O -on O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -lipids O -from O -Salmonella O -typhimurium O -S O -and O -R O -forms O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -sterile O -membranes O -, O -sterile O -underlying O -aluminium B-Chemical -trays O -and O -sterile O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -ions O -with O -inorganic O -pyrophosphatase O -from O -baker O -' O -s O -yeast O -was O -studied O -by O -means O -of O -heat O -denaturation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -breakdown O -of O -adenine O -nucleotides O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -depleted I-Chemical -human O -red O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -) O -The O -constancy O -of O -the O -sum O -of O -nucleotides O -as O -long O -as O -glucose B-Chemical -is O -present O -is O -postulated O -to O -be O -due O -to O -resynthesis O -via O -adenosine B-Chemical -kinase O -which O -competes O -successfully O -with O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -) O -During O -glucose B-Chemical -depletion O -ATP O -production O -is O -mostly O -derived O -from O -the O -breakdown O -of O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -bisphosphoglycerate O -and O -the O -supply O -from O -the O -pentose B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -pool O -both O -of O -which O -proceed O -at O -a O -constant O -rate O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -In O -vitro O -maturation O -of O -rabbit O -reticulocytes O -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -reaction O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -functional O -characteristics O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -decrease O -during O -maturation O -. O - -aps B-category -Inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -accelerates O -the O -increase O -of O -uncoupling O -during O -maturation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -type O -of O -respiration O -declines O -by O -50 O -% O -in O -4 O -h O -incubation O -irrespective O -of O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -concentrations O -and O -day O -of O -bleeding O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -treatment O -with O -ranitidine B-Chemical -of O -40 O -gastroduodenal O -ulceration O -: O -evaluation O -of O -an O -open O -study O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolism O -of O -some O -barbiturate B-Chemical -derivatives O -to O -epoxides O -in O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -may O -also O -be O -induced O -by O -therapy O -such O -as O -immunodepressants O -, O -antimitotic O -chemotherapy O -, O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -and O -radiotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -cases O -of O -major O -sepsis O -the O -erythrocyte O -lipids O -undergo O -significant O -change O -especially O -when O -there O -is O -concomitant O -hepatic O -insufficiency O -and O -this O -in O -turn O -lead B-Chemical -to O -alteration O -in O -the O -blood O -viscosity O -and O -very O -probably O -to O -the O -genesis O -of O -disorders O -of O -coagulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -generation O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -are O -those O -drugs O -that O -are O -totally O -or O -partially O -resistant O -to O -betalactamases O -( O -cefamandole O -, O -cefuroxime O -) O -or O -the O -cephamycins O -( O -cefoxitine O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -also O -may O -be O -of O -use O -in O -combination O -with O -an O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -in O -the O -management O -of O -secondary O -septicaemia O -infections O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -can O -be O -reduced O -to O -a O -minimum O -or O -even O -completely O -suppressed O -if O -the O -caesarian O -section O -is O -performed O -under O -ideal O -conditions O -: O -few O -or O -no O -depressant O -drugs O -before O -the O -operation O -( O -the O -use O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -for O -induction O -should O -be O -abandoned O -) O -; O -inclined O -position O -of O -15 O -degrees O -, O -even O -of O -the O -mother O -has O -never O -suffered O -from O -utero O -- O -caval O -syndrome O -and O -if O -possible O -on O -a O -heated O -mattress O -; O -extraction O -of O -the O -infant O -between O -the O -5th O -and O -15th O -minutes O -; O -finally O -, O -and O -above O -all O -, O -prior O -labour O -is O -desirable O -whenever O -obstetric O -conditions O -permit O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -seems O -that O -this O -potentialisation O -of O -curare O -action O -might O -be O -the O -result O -of O -either O -a O -pharmacokinetic O -interference O -( O -competion O -for O -plasma O -protisen O -receptor O -sites O -) O -, O -or O -due O -to O -a O -summation O -of O -depressor O -actions O -at O -the O -neuromuscular O -level O -, O -especially O -through O -changes O -in O -the O -levels O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Postoperative O -plasma O -cortisol B-Chemical -levels O -were O -measured O -in O -two O -series O -of O -surgical O -patients O -who O -had O -undergone O -a O -gynaecological O -operation O -, O -with O -respectively O -17 O -and O -16 O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -neuroleptanalgesia O -group O -: O -from O -a O -basal O -level O -of O -470 O -nmol O -. O -l O -- O -1 O -, O -plasma O -cortisol B-Chemical -rose O -to O -800 O -nmol O -. O -l O -- O -1 O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -on O -D0 O -at O -6 O -pm O -to O -subsequently O -remain O -on O -a O -plateau O -between O -500 O -and O -550 O -nmol O -. O -l O -- O -1 O -( O -NS O -) O -within O -the O -normal O -physiological O -limits O -for O -the O -laboratory O -. O - -aps B-category -Statistical O -comparison O -between O -the O -two O -groups O -showed O -that O -the O -increase O -in O -cortisol B-Chemical -in O -the O -epidural O -group O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -other O -was O -significant O -throughout O -the O -period O -of O -administration O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -at O -constant O -flow O -rate O -: O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -on O -D0 O -at O -6pm O -, O -D1 O -and O -D2 O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -report O -of O -two O -cases O -of O -fatal O -hyperthermia O -occuring O -in O -patients O -treated O -with O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -and O -during O -a O -heat O -wave O -is O -followed O -by O -a O -discussion O -of O -the O -characteristics O -which O -may O -be O -used O -to O -differentiate O -heat O -stroke O -from O -the O -hyperthermia O -of O -malignant O -twenty O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -transmission O -of O -hepatitis O -, O -coagulation O -disturbances O -, O -immediate O -or O -delayed O -incompatibility O -accidents O -and O -variations O -in O -pH O -, O -blood O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -and O -arterial O -pO2 O -had O -little O -influence O -on O -mortality O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -of O -the O -hemoglobin O -oxygen B-Chemical -affinity O -, O -associated O -with O -a O -decrease O -of O -the O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -DPG O -level O -appears O -to O -be O -very O -fast O -in O -the O -samples O -of O -ACD O -stored O -blood O -since O -two O -hours O -after O -sampling O -, O -the O -P50 O -decrease O -was O -of O -4 O -torr O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -variations O -might O -be O -at O -any O -rate O -due O -to O -the O -sole O -alcohol B-Chemical -abstinence O -. O - -aps B-category -Fumarate O -was O -able O -to O -act O -as O -a O -terminal O -electron O -acceptor O -and O -decreased O -the O -amount O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -formed O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -used O -during O -the O -metabolism O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -by O -resting O -cells O -of O -S O -. O -lactis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -have O -examined O -the O -action O -of O -cyclic O -Somatostatin O -on O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -levels O -in O -normal O -rats O -and O -in O -rats O -starved O -for O -36 O -and O -50 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -the O -same O -condition O -, O -the O -cyclic O -Somatostatin O -increased O -, O -in O -a O -statistically O -significant O -way O -, O -the O -levels O -of O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -both O -starved O -groups O -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -the O -peptide O -is O -capable O -of O -increasing O -the O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -levels O -of O -hypoglicemia O -starved O -rats O -, O -it O -does O -not O -increase O -the O -levels O -of O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -normal O -rats O -under O -the O -action O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -perfusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Sequestration O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -in O -crude O -extract O -from O -mouse O -liver O -and O -other O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -high O -concentration O -of O -tissue O -extract O -, O -a O -fraction O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -was O -not O -metabolized O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -point O -to O -a O -role O -of O -this O -protein O -in O -the O -sequestration O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -in O -crude O -extract O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -these O -conditions O -there O -was O -linearity O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -not O -available O -for O -degradation O -versus O -the O -concentration O -of O -tissue O -extract O -, O -and O -a O -total O -recovery O -of O -the O -sequestration O -potency O -of O -purified O -binding O -protein O -added O -to O -the O -crude O -extract O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sequestration O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -in O -crude O -extract O -from O -mouse O -, O -rat O -, O -rabbit O -and O -bovine O -tissues O -was O -determined O -and O -showed O -requirements O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -the O -sequestration O -in O -mouse O -liver O -extract O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -proposed O -that O -the O -camphor O -receptor O -is O -a O -membrane O -protein O -containing O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -and O -playing O -a O -key O -role O -in O -olfactory O -reception O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -dependence O -of O -the O -rate O -constants O -of O -reaction O -of O -several O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -with O -the O -triplet O -states O -of O -flavin O -mononucleotide O -in O -aqueous O -solution O -has O -been O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Analogous O -experiments O -to O -those O -with O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -carried O -out O -with O -EDTA O -as O -the O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -series O -of O -experiments O -showed O -the O -quantity O -and O -composition O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -lost O -in O -gaseous O -form O -from O -fertilizers O -in O -soil O -is O -largely O -determined O -by O -the O -conditions O -of O -denitrification O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -anaerobic O -conditions O -and O -at O -neutral O -soil O -pH O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -the O -more O -reduced O -gaseous O -forms O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -were O -released O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nitrogen B-Chemical -oxides O -were O -not O -the O -terminal O -products O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -conversion O -( O -nitrates B-Chemical -and O -nitrites O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -presumptive O -preneoplastic O -lesions O -in O -rat O -liver O -by O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -1 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dimethylhydrazine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -appreciable O -fraction O -of O -the O -sulphur O -present O -in O -the O -mammal O -occurs O -in O -the O -form O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -, O -whose O -concentration O -in O -various O -tissues O -ranges O -from O -about O -0 O -. O -8 O -to O -about O -8 O -mM O -; O -the O -extracellular O -concentration O -of O -glutatione O -( O -largely O -present O -as O -the O -disulphide O -) O -is O -in O -the O -micromolecular O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -gamma O -- O -Glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -catalyses O -transpeptidation O -( O -with O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -dipeptides O -) O -and O -hydrolysis O -reactions O -with O -both O -blutathione O -and O -its O -disulphide O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -transpeptidase O -is O -inhibited O -in O -vivo O -by O -injection O -of O -L O -- O -or O -D O -- O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -( O -o O -- O -carboxy O -) O -phenylhydrazide O -, O -there O -is O -extensive O -glutathionuria O -and O -the O -blood O -plasma O -level O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -increases O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -several O -lymphoid O -cell O -lines O -show O -that O -these O -cells O -also O -actively O -translocate O -glutathione B-Chemical -out O -of O -the O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidation O -is O -inhibited O -, O -and O -transpeptidation O -is O -promoted O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -that O -are O -substrates O -of O -the O -transpeptidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulphatase O -A O -was O -first O -described O -as O -an O -arylsulphatase O -but O -was O -subsequently O -shown O -to O -have O -cerebroside O -sulphatase O -activity O -, O -bydrolysing O -galactose B-Chemical -3 O -- O -sulphate O -residues O -in O -certain O -lipids O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -role O -of O -renin O -after O -betablocking O -diuretic B-Chemical -and O -vasodilator O -treatment O -in O -essential O -hypertension O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxprenolol B-Chemical -induced O -a O -similar O -hypotensive O -effectiveness O -at O -160 O -, O -as O -well O -as O -320 O -mg O -/ O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -) O -Oxprenolol B-Chemical -remarkably O -inhibits O -the O -overreninism O -induced O -by O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -and O -hydrallazine O -, O -in O -such O -way O -increasing O -their O -antihypertensive O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Amyl O -nitrite B-Chemical -and O -the O -EEG O -: O -a O -pilot O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -dietary O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -on O -indomethacin B-Chemical -stimulated O -chemiluminescense O -in O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -system O -also O -generated O -a O -rapidly O -developed O -chemiluminescense O -( O -CL O -) O -, O -the O -intensity O -and O -rate O -of O -development O -of O -which O -were O -related O -to O -indomethacin B-Chemical -concentration O -and O -the O -amount O -of O -peroxidation O -in O -the O -sample O -. O - -aps B-category -Supplementation O -of O -the O -Sego O -diet O -with O -a O -polyunsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -C18 O -: O -3 O -) O -did O -not O -restore O -the O -chemiluminescense O -. O - -aps B-category -Indomethacin B-Chemical -( O -20 O -microM O -) O -and O -imidazole O -did O -not O -affect O -arachidonate O -- O -induced O -aggregation O -of O -rat O -PRP O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -column O -and O -thin O -layer O -chromatography O -a O -labeled O -lipid O -was O -identified O -having O -a O -mobility O -higher O -than O -phospholipids O -but O -lower O -than O -PGF2 B-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -features O -of O -fever O -, O -abdominal O -pain O -, O -peripheral O -neuritis O -, O -myalgia O -/ O -arthralgia O -, O -weight O -loss O -, O -proteinuria O -, O -positive O -urinary O -sediment O -and O -high O -white O -blood O -cell O -count O -should O -readily O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -diagnosis O -which O -can O -be O -confirmed O -by O -multiple O -muscle O -biopsies O -. O - -aps B-category -Prifinium O -bromide B-Chemical -- O -a O -new O -antispasmodic O -. O - -aps B-category -Suppression O -of O -uterine O -activity O -with O -salbutamol B-Chemical -before O -caesarean O -section O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -initial O -results O -did O -not O -demonstrate O -a O -major O -difference O -between O -the O -two O -groups O -, O -but O -when O -only O -proven O -cases O -of O -fetal O -distress O -( O -H O -less O -than O -7 O -, O -25 O -) O -in O -the O -two O -groups O -were O -compared O -, O -a O -significant O -improvement O -in O -the O -PO O -, O -pH O -and O -base O -deficit O -values O -in O -the O -umbilical O -vein O -as O -well O -as O -in O -the O -PO2 O -and O -pH O -values O -in O -the O -umbilical O -artery O -was O -noted O -in O -the O -group O -which O -had O -been O -given O -salbutamol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneous O -measurement O -of O -arterial O -and O -venous O -blood O -gases O -has O -shown O -that O -there O -is O -a O -significant O -reduction O -in O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -, O -and O -pH O -of O -blood O -returning O -to O -the O -patient O -from O -the O -dialyser O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -glucose B-Chemical -( O -mean O -change O -3 O -- O -10 O -min O -) O -was O -almost O -totally O -suppressed O -by O -SRIF O -( O -500 O -micrograms O -/ O -h O -) O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -was O -reduced O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -0001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Theophylline B-Chemical -alone O -resulted O -in O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -both O -AIR O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -removal O -rates O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -prospective O -randomized O -study O -spontaneous O -and O -oxytocin B-Chemical -induced O -labor O -" O -for O -convenience O -" O -have O -been O -compared O -with O -respect O -to O -uterine O -activity O -, O -duration O -of O -labor O -, O -the O -condition O -of O -the O -fetus O -and O -the O -newborn O -infant O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -contamination O -on O -agglomeration O -and O -sedimentation O -rate O -of O -barium B-Chemical -sulfate O -used O -in O -diagnostics O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -these O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -derivatives O -have O -similar O -neuropharmacological O -properties O -- O -- O -they O -reduce O -anxiety O -, O -produce O -sedation O -and O -sleep O -, O -have O -anticonvulsant O -effects O -, O -and O -can O -produce O -muscle O -relaxation O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -pharmacokinetic O -differences O -may O -in O -turn O -lead B-Chemical -to O -apparent O -differences O -in O -clinical O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparative O -study O -was O -conducted O -on O -the O -in O -vitro O -activity O -of O -cefaclor O -and O -other O -oral O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -against O -a O -large O -number O -of O -freshly O -isolated O -clinical O -strains O -of O -gram O -- O -negative O -and O -gram O -- O -positive O -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -Cefaclor O -is O -the O -most O -active O -antibiotic O -against O -strains O -of O -Haemophilus O -influenzae O -, O -and O -is O -also O -more O -active O -than O -cephalexin B-Chemical -and O -cephradine O -against O -non O -- O -beta O -- O -lactamase O -producing O -strains O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -, O -Klebsiella O -species O -and O -Proteus O -mirabilis O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -data O -from O -a O -variety O -of O -studies O -, O -the O -useful O -antibacterial O -spectrum O -of O -cefaclor O -is O -shown O -to O -include O -all O -classes O -of O -bacteria O -that O -are O -generally O -susceptible O -to O -cephalothin B-Chemical -and O -cephalexin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -some O -of O -these O -students O -, O -serum O -FSH O -, O -LH O -, O -prolactin O -, O -estradiol B-Chemical -, O -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -were O -assayed O -every O -day O -or O -every O -other O -day O -throughout O -the O -second O -cycle O -after O -entry O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -can O -be O -concluded O -that O -environmental O -change O -or O -stress O -influences O -LH O -- O -RH O -cells O -in O -the O -hypothalamic O -centers O -simultaneously O -with O -the O -stimulation O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -secretion O -, O -and O -suppresses O -ovulation O -by O -decreasing O -LH O -secretion O -, O -and O -causes O -the O -different O -types O -of O -menstrual O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -autoproteolysis O -was O -due O -to O -the O -action O -of O -the O -acidic O -protease O -since O -it O -can O -be O -blocked O -by O -1 O -mM O -of O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bromophenacyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bromide I-Chemical -or O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -epoxy O -- O -3 O -- O -( O -p O -- O -nitrophenoxy O -) O -propane O -, O -the O -specific O -inhibitors O -of O -the O -acidic O -protease O -. O - -aps B-category -Spontaneous O -motility O -of O -isolated O -mesosalpinx O -- O -free O -isthmic O -and O -ampullar O -segments O -from O -human O -oviducts O -, O -and O -the O -influences O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -and O -prostacyclin B-Chemical -( O -PGI2 B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Indomethacin B-Chemical -enhanced O -significantly O -the O -Isometric O -Developed O -Tension O -( O -I O -. O -D O -. O -T O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -isthmus O -, O -PGE1 B-Chemical -, O -PGE2 B-Chemical -, O -and O -PGF2 O -- O -alpha O -augmented O -whereas O -PGI2 B-Chemical -diminished O -the O -I O -. O -D O -. O -T O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -in O -the O -isthmus O -PGI2 B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -a O -biphasic O -action O -on O -resting O -basal O -tone O -( O -depressing O -at O -low O -and O -augmenting O -at O -high O -concentrations O -) O -, O -whereas O -in O -the O -ampulla O -only O -a O -progressive O -dose O -- O -dependent O -decline O -, O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -examines O -the O -possible O -role O -of O -endogenous O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -( O -indomethacin B-Chemical -; O -PGF2a O -; O -PGE1 B-Chemical -; O -PGE2 B-Chemical -; O -and O -prostacyclin B-Chemical -or O -PGI2 B-Chemical -) O -on O -the O -spontaneous O -motility O -of O -the O -human O -ampullar O -and O -isthmus O -deprived O -of O -the O -mesosalpinx O -. O - -aps B-category -Indomethacin B-Chemical -significantly O -enhance O -the O -IDT O -of O -the O -isthmic O -but O -not O -the O -ampullar O -region O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -isthmus O -, O -PGE1 B-Chemical -, O -PGE2 B-Chemical -and O -PGF2a O -augmented O -while O -PGI2 B-Chemical -diminished O -the O -IDI O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -course O -of O -six O -normal O -vaginal O -deliveries O -with O -relatively O -small O -changes O -in O -blood O -pH O -about O -a O -ten O -- O -fold O -increase O -in O -catecholamine B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -stimulated O -calcium B-Chemical -dependent O -release O -of O -immunoreactive O -somatostatin O -from O -incubated O -rat O -hypothalamus O -. O - -aps B-category -International O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -conference O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -300 O -mg O -/ O -Kg O -) O -was O -injected O -into O -mice O -on O -day O -31 O -of O -infection O -, O -the O -parasitaemia O -rose O -sharply O -in O -an O -uncontrolled O -fashion O -and O -the O -treated O -mice O -died O -in O -about O -10 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -' O -awareness O -of O -extrapyramidal O -reactions O -to O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -: O -possible O -evidence O -for O -the O -role O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -perception O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -levels O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -measured O -by O -dopamine B-Chemical -radioreceptor O -assay O -and O -some O -clinical O -observations O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -of O -this O -assay O -are O -expressed O -as O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -equivalents O -. O - -aps B-category -Best O -results O -with O -the O -assay O -were O -obtained O -in O -the O -22 O -patients O -treated O -with O -haloperidol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -concentrations O -of O -haloperidol B-Chemical -were O -not O -different O -among O -patients O -with O -or O -without O -the O -presence O -of O -extrapyramidal O -symptoms O -or O -among O -patients O -receiving O -or O -not O -receiving O -concurrent O -antiparkinson O -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -recent O -report O -that O -purines O -are O -competitive O -inhibitors O -of O -specific O -[ O -3H O -] O -diazepam B-Chemical -binding O -to O -brain O -membranes O -has O -prompted O -further O -work O -concerning O -the O -characterization O -of O -possible O -endogenous O -ligands O -for O -the O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -prolactin O -levels O -following O -intramuscular O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -: O -two O -- O -and O -three O -- O -hour O -response O -as O -predictors O -of O -six O -- O -hour O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -six O -male O -and O -four O -female O -psychiatric O -inpatients O -, O -who O -had O -not O -received O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -medication O -for O -at O -least O -1 O -week O -before O -the O -study O -began O -, O -received O -an O -injection O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -( O -CPZ O -) O -25 O -mg O -im O -; O -serum O -prolactin O -levels O -were O -monitored O -for O -6 O -hours O -after O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Chlorpromazine O -and O -thioridazine B-Chemical -are O -widely O -used O -antipsychotic O -agents O -that O -are O -extensively O -metabolized O -. O - -aps B-category -Localization O -of O -neurotransmitters O -, O -particularly O -glutamate B-Chemical -, O -in O -hippocampus O -, O -septum O -, O -nucleus O -accumbens O -and O -superior O -colliculus O -. O - -aps B-category -Lysis O -and O -, O -in O -at O -least O -some O -bacteria O -, O -loss O -of O -viability O -as O -well O -, O -seem O -to O -be O -catalyzed O -by O -autolytic O -enzymes O -( O -murein O -hydrolases O -) O -, O -the O -destructive O -activity O -of O -which O -is O -triggered O -in O -the O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -bacterium O -via O -a O -poorly O -understood O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -of O -the O -bacteria O -examined O -so O -far O -contain O -a O -number O -( O -four O -to O -eight O -) O -of O -different O -penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Vacuolation O -in O -fibroblasts O -cultivated O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -is O -associated O -with O -progressive O -accumulation O -of O -the O -undigestible O -sugar O -. O - -aps B-category -51Cr O -- O -labelled O -LS O -fibroblasts O -released O -more O -radioactivity O -when O -they O -had O -been O -growing O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -whether O -they O -were O -suspended O -in O -media O -of O -decreasing O -osmolarity O -, O -in O -dilutions O -of O -various O -surfactants O -, O -exposed O -to O -high O -temperatures O -, O -or O -subjected O -to O -mechanical O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -Alkaline B-Chemical -Phosphatase I-Chemical -Activity O -Induction O -in O -Human O -Spleen O -Sinuses O -in O -Storage O -Diseases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -partition O -of O -phosphorfructokinase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -1 O -. O -11 O -) O -from O -baker O -' O -s O -yeast O -between O -the O -liquid O -phases O -of O -an O -aqueous O -biphasic O -systeem O -changes O -drastically O -in O -the O -pH O -interval O -7 O -- O -8 O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -other O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -drugs O -versus O -diazepam B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -anxious O -- O -depressive O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -were O -conducted O -into O -the O -activities O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ATPase I-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -potassium I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ATPase I-Chemical -, O -and O -HCO3 O -- O -ATPase O -in O -homogenates O -of O -pancreas O -of O -19 O -foetuses O -, O -with O -body O -weights O -between O -340 O -g O -and O -1 O -, O -642 O -g O -, O -two O -piglets O -, O -with O -body O -weights O -of O -9 O -kg O -and O -10 O -kg O -, O -and O -four O -adult O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -HCO3 O -- O -ATPase O -was O -best O -activated O -by O -25 O -mM O -NaHCO3 B-Chemical -and O -exhibited O -high O -stability O -to O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ATPase I-Chemical -reached O -its O -maximum O -activity O -in O -response O -to O -5 O -mM O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -correlations O -were O -noted O -between O -the O -relative O -viscosity O -and O -variables O -: O -dry O -weight O -, O -total O -protein O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Observation O -on O -the O -therapeutic O -effect O -of O -endoxen O -( O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -) O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -epidemic O -hemorrhagic O -fever O -and O -an O -investigation O -of O -its O -pathogenesis O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -family O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ionophore O -- O -induced O -slow O -reacting O -substances O -produced O -by O -rat O -mononuclear O -cells O -: O -enhancement O -of O -production O -with O -different O -mercaptans O -results O -in O -formation O -of O -different O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -observation O -that O -the O -biogenic O -amine B-Chemical -depleting O -agent O -, O -reserpine B-Chemical -, O -could O -induce O -severe O -depression O -in O -a O -small O -proportion O -of O -the O -patients O -treated O -with O -it O -has O -proved O -to O -be O -seminal O -finding O -in O -what O -is O -now O -a O -much O -larger O -field O -of O -research O -relating O -the O -function O -brain O -biogenic O -amine B-Chemical -systems O -to O -emotions O -and O -behavior O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -paper O -we O -have O -attempted O -to O -examine O -, O -in O -a O -nonhuman O -primate O -model O -of O -depression O -, O -the O -degree O -to O -which O -factors O -such O -as O -prior O -rearing O -condition O -, O -repeated O -peer O -separation O -, O -and O -housing O -environment O -can O -intact O -with O -the O -behavioral O -effects O -produced O -by O -biogenic O -amine B-Chemical -depleting O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -some O -of O -the O -existing O -literature O -relating O -alterations O -in O -behavior O -to O -changes O -in O -biogenic O -amine B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -animals O -suggests O -that O -there O -are O -important O -differences O -between O -rodent O -and O -primate O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -excited O -state O -( O -S1 O -) O -of O -sulfononaphthols O -has O -a O -pK O -value O -well O -below O -that O -of O -the O -ground O -state O -, O -consequently O -intensive O -illumination O -of O -their O -aqueous O -solution O -should O -lead B-Chemical -to O -acidification O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -design O -of O -the O -trial O -consisted O -in O -comparing O -the O -changes O -of O -VC O -, O -FEC1 O -, O -expiratory O -airway O -resistance O -and O -V50 O -produced O -by O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -aerosol O -given O -before O -and O -after O -administration O -of O -Pipoxizine O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -intoxication O -by O -diethylene O -glycol O -( O -LD O -50 O -) O -in O -male O -rats O -is O -associated O -with O -a O -severe O -metabolic O -acidosis O -which O -is O -significantly O -decreased O -by O -intraperitoneal O -( O -IP O -) O -hydration O -or O -IP O -alkalinization O -and O -eliminated O -by O -IP O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Groups O -with O -massive O -IP O -alkalinization O -and O -/ O -or O -IP O -ethanol B-Chemical -do O -not O -present O -any O -renal O -lesion O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -the O -permanently O -increasing O -number O -morphologically O -altered O -erythrocytes O -( O -echinocytes O -and O -spherocytes O -) O -and O -the O -excessive O -release O -of O -hemoglobin O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -from O -erythrocytes O -were O -occurred O -during O -the O -storage O -of O -blood O -samles O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoniazid B-Chemical -inhibit O -MAO O -II O -, O -III O -, O -IV O -and O -V O -forms O -in O -a O -non O -competitive O -fashion O -, O -whereas O -MAO O -I O -inhibited O -competitively O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -substrate O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -Bronchodilator O -efficacy O -of O -four O -beta O -2 O -- O -sympathomimetic O -aerosols O -, O -fenoterol O -, O -orciprenaline B-Chemical -, O -salbutamol B-Chemical -and O -terbutaline B-Chemical -has O -been O -compared O -in O -nine O -patients O -with O -chronic O -stable O -reversible O -airways O -obstruction O -using O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -placebo O -controlled O -cross O -- O -over O -design O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -from O -human O -brain O -and O -some O -properties O -of O -two O -NADPH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -linked I-Chemical -aldehyde B-Chemical -reductases O -which O -reduce O -succinic O -semialdehyde O -to O -4 O -- O -hydroxybutyrate O -. O - -aps B-category -Animal O -techniques O -for O -evaluating O -benzodiazepine B-Chemical -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Mapping O -monoaminergic O -neurons O -with O -[ O -3H O -] O -reserpine B-Chemical -by O -autoradiography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -changes O -in O -FEV1 O -and O -in O -specific O -conductance O -induced O -by O -200 O -micrograms O -oxitropium B-Chemical -bromide I-Chemical -given O -as O -pressurized O -aerosol O -were O -measured O -at O -8 O -time O -intervals O -during O -7 O -hours O -after O -inhalation O -in O -a O -group O -of O -19 O -patients O -with O -reversible O -broncho O -- O -obstruction O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -oxitropium B-Chemical -and O -ipratropium B-Chemical -were O -definitely O -and O -significantly O -superior O -to O -placebo O -at O -all O -time O -intervals O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -this O -time O -interval O -the O -difference O -was O -significant O -At O -the O -7th O -hour O -oxitropium B-Chemical -gave O -higher O -mean O -results O -than O -fenoterol O -, O -but O -this O -difference O -was O -not O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -flow O -microcalorimetry O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -batch O -microcalorimetry O -which O -has O -been O -used O -in O -the O -published O -material O -on O -microorganism O -identification O -, O -may O -allow O -characterization O -of O -yeasts O -suitable O -for O -particular O -industrial O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -level O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -, O -the O -enzyme O -responsible O -for O -the O -formation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -, O -is O -also O -derepressed O -in O -the O -glnT O -and O -glnR O -mutants O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -show O -the O -immuno O -- O -suppressive O -activity O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -but O -do O -not O -allow O -us O -to O -hypothesize O -an O -immuno O -- O -regulatory O -action O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -pH O -and O -chloride B-Chemical -ions O -in O -the O -media O -reduced O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -HCO3 O -- O -- O -stimulated O -ATPase O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -Cl O -- O -or O -HCO3 O -- O -secretion O -by O -acetazolamide B-Chemical -results O -from O -decreased O -intracellular O -HCO3 O -- O -levels O -which O -, O -in O -turn O -, O -reduces O -the O -stimulation O -of O -the O -HCO3 O -- O -ATPase O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -of O -ATX O -II O -depend O -on O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -in O -the O -bathing O -medium O -, O -as O -is O -the O -case O -for O -transmitter O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -conclusion O -, O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -ATX O -II O -acts O -indirectly O -on O -the O -muscle O -through O -an O -increase O -in O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -release O -from O -the O -motor O -nerve O -terminals O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Colloquium O -on O -development O -of O -a O -family O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -: O -the O -benzamides O -, O -Saturday O -, O -17 O -November O -1979 O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -tiapride B-Chemical -in O -behavior O -disorders O -of O -the O -aged O -patient O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anaerobic O -reductive O -dechlorination O -occurs O -whether O -or O -not O -exogenous O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -riboflavin B-Chemical -is O -added O -after O -a O -heat O -pretreatment O -, O -otherwise O -the O -dechlorination O -is O -lowered O -when O -the O -cofactors O -are O -not O -added O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -of O -dietary O -C18 O -unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -double O -bonds O -biohydrogenation O -, O -which O -normally O -occurs O -in O -ruminants O -, O -has O -been O -investigated O -in O -the O -case O -of O -erucic O -acid O -( O -22 O -: O -1 O -n O -- O -9 O -cis O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -II O -: O -effect O -of O -a O -beta O -- O -blockader O -( O -pindolol B-Chemical -) O -on O -the O -electrocardiogram O -of O -the O -rat O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Combination O -of O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agents O -, O -diuretics O -and O -pressidil O -( O -minoxidil B-Chemical -) O -in O -severe O -arterial O -hypertension O -resisting O -other O -therapy O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -nine O -chronic O -asthmatics O -requiring O -steroids B-Chemical -showed O -no O -response O -to O -the O -alpha O -- O -blocking O -drug O -indoramin O -during O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nervous O -endocrine O -mechanisms O -involving O -interactions O -between O -LHRH O -, O -neurotransmitters O -, O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -and O -steroid B-Chemical -hormones O -have O -been O -elucidated O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Behavior O -of O -cardiac O -output O -, O -plasma O -volume O -, O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -and O -aldosterone B-Chemical -secretion O -in O -patients O -with O -essential O -hypertension O -treated O -with O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agents O -and O -diuretics O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -aluminum B-Chemical -hydride O -reduction O -of O -exo O -- O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -trimethylenenorbornan O -- O -2 O -- O -one O -oxime O -gave O -in O -good O -yield O -exo O -- O -5 O -, O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trimethylenenorbornan I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -endo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amine I-Chemical -, O -from O -which O -a O -number O -of O -amides O -were O -prepared O -by O -reaction O -with O -acyl O -chlorides O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -amides O -showed O -CNS O -depressant O -and O -anti O -convulsant O -activity O -, O -and O -an O -amine B-Chemical -convulsant O -activity O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -substitutive O -role O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -in O -supporting O -aldosterone B-Chemical -response O -to O -head O -- O -up O -tilt O -during O -acute O -renin O -suppression O -in O -patients O -with O -essential O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -were O -carried O -out O -before O -and O -during O -acute O -blockade O -of O -renin O -release O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -ACTH B-Chemical -suppression O -by O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -and O -combined O -renin O -and O -ACTH B-Chemical -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -when O -the O -renin O -response O -to O -tilt O -was O -acutely O -suppressed O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -administration O -, O -the O -aldosterone B-Chemical -response O -was O -nonetheless O -maintained O -but O -now O -appeared O -to O -be O -under O -ACTH B-Chemical -control O -, O -since O -concurrent O -increases O -in O -cortisol B-Chemical -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -during O -combined O -ACTH B-Chemical -and O -renin O -blockade O -aldosterone B-Chemical -failed O -to O -increase O -during O -tilt O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -when O -these O -two O -systems O -are O -blocked O -other O -factors O -appear O -unable O -to O -respond O -during O -tilt O -to O -support O -a O -normal O -aldosterone B-Chemical -response O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -incorporation O -of O -L O -- O -serine O -into O -the O -phosphatidyl O -serine O -of O -slices O -from O -caudate O -nucleus O -is O -not O -affected O -by O -dopamine B-Chemical -nor O -is O -it O -affected O -by O -the O -addition O -to O -dopamine B-Chemical -of O -a O -cyclic O -phosphodiesterase O -inhibitor O -which O -would O -increase O -the O -endogenous O -cyclic O -- O -AMP O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -vasopressin B-Chemical -concentrations O -increased O -and O -were O -correlated O -with O -the O -percentage O -of O -blood O -volume O -removed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -fetal O -plasma O -vasopressin B-Chemical -levels O -rise O -during O -haemorrhage O -in O -response O -both O -to O -hypovolaemia O -and O -the O -subsequent O -acidaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -model O -incorporating O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -25 O -as O -an O -inert O -carrier O -has O -been O -developed O -for O -studying O -the O -reaction O -between O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -and O -formaldehyde O -vapour O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -care O -should O -be O -exercised O -in O -attempting O -to O -identify O -or O -quantify O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -on O -the O -basis O -of O -microspectrofluorometric O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Correlations O -between O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -transpeptidase O -, O -triglycerides B-Chemical -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -in O -normal O -, O -obese O -and O -diabetic O -subjects O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -those O -reasons O -the O -authors O -recommend O -the O -use O -of O -high O -doses O -of O -benzylpenicillin B-Chemical -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -lately O -diagnosed O -bacterial O -pneumonia O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -modifies O -peripheral O -thyroxine B-Chemical -metabolism O -, O -in O -opposition O -to O -the O -beta O -blocking O -agent O -GYKI O -41099 O -which O -has O -no O -such O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -beneficial O -effect O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -blocking O -agents O -in O -hyperthyroidism O -is O -partly O -due O -to O -their O -depressive O -effect O -on O -cAMP B-Chemical -production O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Nitroglycerin B-Chemical -and O -amyl O -nitrite B-Chemical -action O -on O -common O -bile O -duct O -during O -operation O -for O -vesicular O -lithiasis O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -fall O -in O -common O -bile O -duct O -pressure O -was O -similar O -in O -both O -group O -; O -3 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -3 O -torr O -after O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -( O -NTG O -) O -, O -3 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -6 O -torr O -after O -amyl O -nitrite B-Chemical -( O -AN O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -s O -. O -cm O -- O -5 O -( O -158 O -. O -5 O -to O -130 O -. O -4 O -kPa O -. O -s O -. O -l O -- O -1 O -) O -( O -p O -& O -lt O -; O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -; O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -content O -decreased O -from O -191 O -. O -1 O -to O -152 O -. O -1 O -ml O -. O -100 O -ml O -- O -1 O -( O -8 O -. O -535 O -to O -6 O -. O -793 O -mmol O -. O -l O -- O -1 O -) O -( O -p O -& O -lt O -; O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -, O -whilst O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -was O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -decreasing O -both O -viscosity O -and O -maximum O -oxygen B-Chemical -capacity O -, O -a O -fall O -in O -hematocrit O -has O -two O -opposing O -effects O -on O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -clinical O -study O -in O -general O -surgery O -involving O -307 O -patients O -where O -the O -hematocrit O -was O -reduced O -to O -below O -32 O -p O -. O -cent O -by O -replacing O -blood O -loss O -by O -Ringer O -lactate B-Chemical -or O -a O -fluid O -gelatin O -type O -solution O -, O -showed O -the O -good O -tolerance O -of O -normovolaemic O -hemodilution O -when O -used O -carefully O -, O -and O -its O -value O -in O -the O -prevention O -of O -post O -- O -operative O -thrombo O -- O -embolic O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyrite O -( O -FeS2 O -) O -was O -oxidized O -by O -Thiobacillus O -ferrooxidans O -grown O -on O -iron B-Chemical -( O -Fe2 O -+ O -) O -, O -elemental O -sulphur O -( O -S0 O -) O -or O -FeS2 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -minimal O -medium O -production O -was O -optimal O -at O -pH O -3 O -. O -8 O -- O -4 O -. O -0 O -and O -22 O -- O -- O -25 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Addition O -of O -gelatin O -and O -nonionic O -detergents O -, O -like O -Brij O -- O -58 O -( O -polyoxyethylene O -20 O -cetyl O -ether B-Chemical -) O -and O -Triton O -- O -X O -- O -100 O -, O -to O -this O -medium O -enhanced O -production O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -morphological O -results O -lead B-Chemical -us O -to O -consider O -that O -mesoglea O -and O -epithelia O -can O -be O -occupied O -by O -the O -same O -granular O -cell O -type O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -glycine B-Chemical -inhibition O -occurred O -in O -I O -and O -prevailed O -in O -unspecific O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Glutamate B-Chemical -excited O -E O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -did O -not O -allow O -any O -clear O -statement O -about O -receptor O -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -the O -existence O -of O -two O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -receptors O -in O -I O -and O -IE O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -bicuculline B-Chemical -, O -specific O -antagonist O -of O -GABA B-Chemical -, O -excitation O -preponderated O -in O -EI O -and O -E O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -flupentixol O -, O -antagonist O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -, O -excitation O -prevailed O -in O -I O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocker O -, O -inhibited O -about O -half O -of O -the O -E O -neurons O -, O -while O -the O -remainder O -as O -well O -as O -most O -IE O -and O -the O -2 O -EI O -cells O -tested O -were O -not O -affected O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -effects O -apparently O -are O -mediated O -by O -two O -different O -receptor O -types O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenothiazine O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -, O -either O -as O -pure O -compounds O -or O -in O -pharmaceutical O -dosage O -forms O -have O -been O -quantitatively O -assayed O -by O -nonaqueous O -titrimetry O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -block O -also O -contractions O -induced O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -angiotensin B-Chemical -and O -barium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -contractions O -induced O -by O -electric O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -permeation O -of O -benzodiazepines B-Chemical -through O -synthetic O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -and O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -on O -decrease O -in O -pH O -in O -liver O -induced O -by O -3 O -' O -- O -methyl O -- O -4 O -- O -dimethylaminoazobenzene O -, O -of O -partial O -hepatectomy O -and O -hepatotoxic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -complete O -inhibition O -of O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -with O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -M O -eserine B-Chemical -indicates O -that O -the O -ChE O -examined O -is O -AChE O -. O - -aps B-category -Density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -analysis O -has O -been O -used O -to O -study O -rat O -kidney O -receptors O -for O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -this O -drawback O -is O -inherent O -in O -the O -technique O -it O -must O -be O -concluded O -that O -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -analysis O -cannot O -be O -used O -to O -study O -the O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -complex O -of O -the O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -Pulmonary O -mixed O -function O -oxidations O -are O -altered O -by O -in O -vivo O -exposure O -to O -paraquat O -or O -ozone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -following O -exposure O -to O -ozone B-Chemical -appeared O -immediately O -( O -1 O -day O -) O -and O -had O -resolved O -by O -one O -week O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sites O -of O -the O -paraquat O -- O -and O -ozone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mediated I-Chemical -alterations O -are O -still O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -a O -biogenic O -amine B-Chemical -, O -an O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -or O -a O -peptide O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -or O -inhibition O -of O -receptors O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -receptor O -sub O -- O -and O -supersensitivity O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -pieces O -of O -evidence O -support O -the O -view O -that O -GABA B-Chemical -neurons O -inhibit O -the O -DA O -system O -both O -in O -extrapyramidal O -and O -limbic O -regions O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -impairment O -of O -dopaminergic O -transmission O -by O -SL O -76 O -. O -002 O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -effective O -in O -iatrogenic O -extrapyramidal O -syndromes O -such O -as O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -involuntary O -movements O -in O -parkinsonian O -patients O -and O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -tardive O -dyskinesias O -: O -the O -first O -attributed O -to O -an O -exaggerated O -formation O -and O -liberation O -of O -DA O -, O -the O -second O -to O -supersensitivity O -of O -target O -cells O -of O -DA O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -experiences O -during O -the O -longterm O -treatment O -with O -psychotropic O -drugs O -the O -following O -subjects O -are O -discussed O -: O -extrapyramidal O -side O -effects O -of O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -, O -cardiovascular O -side O -effects O -of O -antidepressants B-Chemical -, O -side O -effects O -of O -Lithium B-Chemical -, O -interactions O -with O -other O -medications O -, O -influence O -on O -laboratory O -tests O -and O -also O -the O -psychopharmacological O -treatment O -during O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -activities O -from O -whole O -blood O -and O -, O -in O -some O -of O -the O -experiments O -, O -from O -liver O -were O -found O -to O -be O -lower O -in O -biotin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -chicks O -compared O -with O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -in O -dog O -and O -in O -man O -, O -granulocyte O -- O -macrophage O -progenitor O -cells O -( O -CFU O -- O -C O -) O -can O -be O -collected O -by O -leukapheresis O -from O -the O -blood O -in O -large O -quantities O -, O -particularly O -if O -the O -yield O -is O -increased O -by O -the O -administration O -of O -mobilizing O -agents O -such O -as O -dextran B-Chemical -sulfate O -, O -and O -appear O -to O -be O -an O -indicator O -for O -the O -presence O -of O -stem O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -A O -study O -of O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -transpeptidase O -and O -of O -the O -ratio O -of O -IgA O -to O -transferrin O -in O -the O -pregnant O -woman O -( O -and O -when O -using O -oral B-Chemical -contraception I-Chemical -) O -and O -in O -the O -newborn O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -base O -these O -findings O -on O -242 O -samples O -taken O -from O -pregnant O -women O -in O -the O -3 O -trimesters O -of O -normal O -pregnancies O -and O -after O -delivery O -, O -and O -in O -the O -cord O -blood O -of O -newborn O -infants O -as O -well O -as O -in O -patients O -taking O -oral B-Chemical -contraception I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Norms O -were O -obtained O -for O -the O -levels O -of O -the O -IgA O -/ O -T O -ratio O -which O -drops O -progressively O -as O -pregnancy O -progresses O -and O -with O -oral B-Chemical -contraception I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Clinical O -observations O -on O -40 O -cases O -of O -epidemic O -hemorrhagic O -fever O -shock O -treated O -mainly O -with O -balanced O -salt B-Chemical -solution O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -concentrations O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -65 O -plus O -or O -minus O -0 O -. O -12 O -micromol O -/ O -ml O -) O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -9 O -plus O -or O -minus O -0 O -. O -1 O -micromol O -/ O -ml O -) O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -08 O -plus O -or O -minus O -0 O -. O -025 O -micromol O -/ O -ml O -) O -were O -lower O -in O -small O -- O -caruncle O -fetuses O -than O -in O -the O -control O -fetuses O -( O -glucose B-Chemical -1 O -. O -05 O -plus O -or O -minus O -0 O -. O -06 O -micromol O -/ O -ml O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -1 O -. O -83 O -plus O -or O -minus O -0 O -. O -7 O -micromol O -/ O -ml O -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -0 O -. O -21 O -plus O -or O -minus O -0 O -. O -06 O -micromol O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -plasma O -concentration O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -in O -the O -small O -- O -caruncle O -- O -fetuses O -( O -0 O -. O -25 O -plus O -or O -minus O -0 O -. O -09 O -micromol O -/ O -ml O -) O -was O -higher O -than O -in O -the O -normal O -- O -sized O -- O -caruncle O -( O -0 O -. O -073 O -plus O -or O -minus O -0 O -. O -009 O -micromol O -/ O -ml O -) O -or O -control O -fetuses O -( O -0 O -. O -12 O -plus O -or O -minus O -0 O -. O -013 O -micromol O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -analysis O -was O -made O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -heparin B-Chemical -solution O -on O -the O -determination O -of O -arterial O -blood O -PCO2 O -, O -pH O -, O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Used O -in O -the O -usual O -quantities O -as O -an O -anticoagulant O -, O -lubricant O -, O -and O -filler O -of O -needle O -and O -syringe O -dead O -space O -, O -heparin B-Chemical -solution O -caused O -a O -17 O -per O -cent O -or O -greater O -reduction O -in O -PCO2 O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -in O -approximately O -17 O -per O -cent O -of O -the O -arterial O -blood O -samples O -currently O -received O -for O -analysis O -in O -a O -university O -hospital O -laboratory O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -, O -titratable O -acid O -( O -HTA O -+ O -) O -and O -ammonium B-Chemical -in O -the O -urine O -can O -facilitate O -clinical O -evaluation O -of O -acid O -- O -base O -status O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -the O -effects O -of O -some O -chelators O -on O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -striking O -effect O -of O -chelators O -is O -their O -protective O -effect O -on O -thiols B-Chemical -in O -the O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -reagent O -. O - -aps B-category -Bis O -- O -Tris O -, O -a O -buffer O -recently O -recommended O -for O -assay O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -activity O -, O -is O -a O -weak O -chelator O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -pH O -titration O -curves O -of O -etheno O -- O -ATP O -, O -etheno O -ADP O -, O -and O -etheno O -AMP O -depend O -upon O -ionic O -strength O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -affinity O -constants O -for O -the O -binding O -of O -metals O -to O -the O -ethenoadenosine O -phosphates O -resemble O -those O -for O -the O -corresponding O -adenosine B-Chemical -phosphates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -low O -pH O -, O -and O -of O -alkaline O -earth O -cations O -, O -were O -examined O -on O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -pinched O -- O -off O -nerve O -terminals O -( O -synaptosomes O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Lipid O -bilayer O -permeation O -coefficients O -for O -the O -neutral O -maleic O -acid O -molecule O -and O -the O -maleate B-Chemical -monoanion O -have O -been O -determined O -by O -proton O -magnetic O -resonance O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -coupling O -was O -released O -by O -addition O -of O -valinomycin O -, O -and O -the O -time O -evolution O -of O -external O -pH O -, O -internal O -pH O -, O -and O -maleate B-Chemical -concentration O -followed O -using O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -areas O -and O -chemical O -shifts O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -denaturing O -lysis O -conditions O -, O -molecular O -weights O -calculated O -from O -the O -relaxation O -time O -were O -consistent O -with O -those O -calculated O -from O -alkaline O -sucrose B-Chemical -sedimentation O -profiles O -. O - -aps B-category -Extracellular O -pH O -selectively O -modulates O -recovery O -from O -sodium B-Chemical -inactivation O -in O -frog O -myelinated O -nerve O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -the O -charge O -of O -horse O -kidney O -metallothionein B-Chemical -by O -free O -boundary O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Metallothionein B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -erythrocyte O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -: O -structure O -and O -function O -in O -normal O -and O -mutant O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -injury O -the O -pouches O -were O -copiously O -irrigated O -with O -saline O -to O -remove O -bile O -, O -and O -then O -recovery O -was O -observed O -as O -the O -pouches O -were O -perfused O -with O -pH O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -or O -7 O -HCl O -solution O -made O -isotonic O -with O -NaCl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Timolol B-Chemical -at O -30 O -mg O -daily O -had O -an O -additive O -effect O -to O -the O -hypotensive O -action O -of O -binazine O -, O -a O -peripheral O -vasodilator O -. O - -aps B-category -Pindolol O -at O -a O -dose O -of O -30 O -mg O -per O -day O -also O -had O -an O -additive O -effect O -to O -the O -hypotensive O -action O -of O -the O -thiazide B-Chemical -diuretics O -, O -methyldopa B-Chemical -and O -debrisoquine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -, I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dihydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -lesions O -of O -dorsal O -and O -median O -raphé O -nuclei O -and O -performance O -in O -the O -social O -interaction O -test O -of O -anxiety O -and O -in O -a O -home O -- O -cage O -aggression O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Bending O -strength O -of O -soldered O -joints O -of O -gold B-Chemical -alloys O -as O -a O -function O -of O -gap O -, O -preheating O -and O -cooling O -time O -of O -the O -investment O -blocks O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -beta O -- O -blocking O -activity O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -was O -studied O -on O -the O -positive O -inotropic O -effect O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -ethylephrine O -, O -in O -the O -left O -atrium O -driven O -at O -different O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -epinephrine B-Chemical -showed O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -its O -pD2 O -( O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -at O -the O -lower O -stimulation O -frequency O -, O -the O -blockade O -increased O -progressively O -the O -higher O -the O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -latter O -behavior O -was O -also O -true O -for O -dopamine B-Chemical -and O -ethylephrine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -complex O -effect O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -Ca2 O -+ O -movements O -and O -its O -effects O -on O -cAMP B-Chemical -and O -ATPase O -seem O -to O -be O -superimposed O -to O -the O -beta O -- O -blocking O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Observations O -within O -and O -beyond O -the O -boundaries O -of O -catecholamine B-Chemical -research O -in O -psychosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -obtained O -results O -can O -be O -summarized O -as O -follows O -: O -1 O -) O -existence O -of O -putative O -receptors O -for O -various O -hormones O -( O -estradiol B-Chemical -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -5 O -alpha O -- O -dihydrotestosterone O -, O -progesterone B-Chemical -, O -prolactin O -) O -in O -the O -mammalian O -pineal O -gland O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -steroid B-Chemical -metabolic O -pattern O -in O -the O -pineal O -gland O -resembling O -other O -brain O -areas O -involved O -in O -gonadotrophic O -regulation O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -control O -of O -pineal O -estrophilic O -and O -androphilic O -receptors O -by O -adrenergic O -transmitter O -through O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -receptors O -and O -at O -a O -translational O -level O -; O -( O -4 O -) O -denervation O -supersensitivity O -of O -hormone O -receptors O -to O -neurotransmitter O -; O -( O -5 O -) O -modification O -of O -neuronal O -activity O -by O -hormone O -treatment O -at O -ganglionic O -and O -preganglionic O -sites O -of O -action O -; O -( O -6 O -) O -estrophilic O -binding O -sites O -in O -ganglia O -; O -( O -7 O -) O -correlation O -of O -pineal O -responsiveness O -to O -hormones O -with O -activity O -of O -sympathetic O -nerves O -; O -( O -8 O -) O -modification O -by O -hormones O -of O -pineal O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -mechanisms O -; O -( O -9 O -) O -dissociation O -of O -hormone O -effects O -on O -the O -pineal O -gland O -in O -those O -mediated O -or O -modulated O -by O -changes O -in O -afferent O -neuronal O -activity O -and O -those O -relatively O -unaffected O -by O -denervation O -. O - -aps B-category -Attempts O -were O -made O -to O -partially O -separate O -hematopoietic O -cells O -from O -immunocompetent O -cells O -during O -buffy O -coat O -collection O -and O -by O -incubation O -with O -activated O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroendocrine O -modulation O -of O -calcitonin B-Chemical -and O -parathyroid O -hormone O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -studied O -the O -effects O -of O -infusions O -of O -four O -neuroendocrine O -modulators O -upon O -CT O -and O -PTH O -levels O -: O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -agonist O -) O -, O -methoxamine B-Chemical -( O -alpha O -adrenergic O -agonist O -) O -, O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -, O -and O -somatostatin O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximal O -CT O -increments O -during O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -infusion O -in O -normal O -subjects O -were O -13 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SEM O -, O -n O -= O -6 O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -; O -basal O -, O -26 O -+ O -/ O -- O -5 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -means O -of O -the O -maximal O -CT O -increments O -during O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -( O -21 O -+ O -/ O -- O -8 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -) O -and O -methoxamine B-Chemical -infusion O -( O -28 O -+ O -/ O -- O -11 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -) O -were O -not O -statistically O -different O -from O -those O -achieved O -by O -acute O -elevations O -of O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -within O -the O -physiological O -range O -( O -41 O -+ O -/ O -- O -23 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -data O -suggest O -that O -adrenergic O -input O -modulates O -CT O -and O -PTH O -secretion O -in O -humans O -independently O -of O -changes O -in O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -human O -placental O -explants O -cultured O -in O -vitro O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -inhibited O -human O -chorionic O -somatomammotropin O -( O -hCS O -) O -secretion O -into O -the O -culture O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -( O -5 O -and O -10 O -mM O -) O -further O -lowered O -hCS O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -simultaneous O -addition O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -did O -not O -alter O -the O -stimulatory O -effect O -of O -pimozide O -on O -hCS O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonist I-Chemical -, O -lergotrile O -mesylate O -, O -on O -circulating O -anterior O -pituitary O -hormones O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -three O -subjects O -, O -the O -GH O -response O -to O -lergotrile O -was O -attenuated O -by O -the O -prior O -administration O -of O -the O -dopamine B-Chemical -antagonist O -, O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -orally O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -actions O -are O -similar O -to O -those O -of O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -( O -an O -ergot B-Chemical -derivative O -treatment O -of O -hyperprolactinemia O -and O -acromegaly O -, O -to O -suppress O -PRL O -and O -GH O -secretion O -, O -and O -in O -parkinsonism O -. O - -aps B-category -Failure O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyltyrosine I-Chemical -to O -inhibit O -peripheral O -triiodothyronine O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -do O -not O -support O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -is O -involved O -in O -extrathyroidal O -T3 O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -modifications O -were O -obtained O -with O -oral O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -test O -+ O -18 O -. O -70 O -% O -for O -A O -, O -+ O -24 O -. O -32 O -% O -for O -B O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -for O -4 O -days O -) O -, O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -PRL O -release O -induced O -by O -5 O -mg O -metoclopramide B-Chemical -iv O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -inactive O -renin O -in O -normal O -plasma O -was O -approximately O -equal O -to O -that O -of O -normal O -active O -renin O -, O -and O -its O -activity O -increased O -slowly O -on O -prolonged O -standing O -at O -- O -4 O -but O -not O -4 O -C O -. O -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -activity O -of O -big O -renin O -increased O -by O -50 O -% O -as O -early O -as O -1 O -- O -3 O -days O -at O -4 O -C O -and O -increased O -even O -more O -quickly O -at O -- O -4 O -C O -. O -Acid O -treatment O -of O -plasma O -containing O -big O -renin O -caused O -4 O -- O -10 O -times O -greater O -increase O -in O -active O -renin O -than O -similar O -treatment O -of O -normal O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -chronic O -treatment O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbidopa I-Chemical -( O -Sinemet O -) O -, O -the O -24 O -- O -h O -PRL O -level O -was O -12 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -4 O -. O -9 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -) O -and O -there O -was O -persistence O -of O -augmented O -PRL O -secretion O -during O -sleep O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suppression O -was O -maintained O -in O -one O -patient O -who O -was O -restudied O -4 O -months O -after O -the O -addition O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonist I-Chemical -therapy O -to O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbidopa I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -a O -dichotomy O -between O -the O -PRL O -and O -GH O -responses O -to O -combined O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dopa I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbidopa I-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -agonist I-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Persistent O -stimulatory O -effect O -of O -glucagon O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -production O -despite O -downregulation O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -examine O -whether O -glucagon O -displays O -persistent O -biological O -activity O -even O -after O -downregulation O -, O -6 O -healthy O -males O -received O -an O -8 O -hour O -infusion O -of O -somatostatin O -and O -glucagon O -, O -with O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -to O -measure O -glucose B-Chemical -turnover O -. O - -aps B-category -TBI O -activity O -is O -present O -in O -normal O -IgG O -prepared O -by O -DEAE O -- O -Sephadex O -chromatography O -and O -in O -normal O -globulins O -prepared O -by O -precipitation O -at O -1 O -. O -6 O -M O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -Defective O -granulocyte O -chemotaxis O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -in O -patients O -with O -clinical O -manifestations O -suggesting O -abnormalities O -related O -to O -vasoactive O -amines B-Chemical -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -patients O -with O -eczema O -and O -extreme O -IgE O -hyperimmunoglobulinemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -these O -compounds O -have O -been O -shown O -to O -increase O -levels O -of O -intracellular O -cyclic O -AMP O -in O -other O -cells O -, O -there O -appears O -to O -be O -an O -association O -between O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -metabolism O -and O -regulation O -of O -granulocyte O -locomotion O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -products O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -metabolism O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -, O -superoxide B-Chemical -or O -singlet O -oxygen B-Chemical -do O -not O -accumulate O -in O -granulocyte O -phagocytic O -vacuoles O -, O -intracellular O -microbes O -are O -not O -killed O -( O -except O -bacterial O -species O -that O -produce O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Failure O -of O -total O -calcium B-Chemical -corrected O -for O -protein O -, O -albumin O -, O -and O -pH O -to O -correctly O -assess O -free O -calcium B-Chemical -status O -. O - -aps B-category -Corrected O -calcium B-Chemical -( O -CaC O -) O -values O -obtained O -by O -13 O -of O -these O -methods O -were O -compared O -with O -values O -of O -measured O -free O -calcium B-Chemical -( O -CaF O -) O -in O -55 O -samples O -from O -normal O -controls O -and O -404 O -samples O -from O -patients O -with O -various O -disorders O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ion O -extenders O -, O -the O -fertility O -was O -depressed O -either O -with O -or O -without O -glycerol O -when O -the O -semen O -was O -inseminated O -immediately O -after O -extension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -media O -most O -commonly O -employed O -for O -early O -embryo O -culture O -contain O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -as O -the O -buffer O -, O -but O -maintenance O -of O -pH O -is O -probably O -not O -the O -most O -crucial O -role O -of O -the O -CO2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -media O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -glucose B-Chemical -is O -not O -oxidized O -well O -by O -the O -early O -cleavage O -stages O -, O -it O -is O -an O -important O -energy O -source O -for O -all O -blastocysts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -disodium O -cromoglycate O -, O -thiazinamium O -and O -prednisone B-Chemical -on O -immediate O -and O -late O -type O -allergic O -bronchial O -reactions O -was O -studied O -in O -four O -patients O -with O -biphasic O -bronchial O -obstruction O -due O -to O -inhalation O -of O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymes O -studied O -were O -tyrosine B-Chemical -hydroxylase O -, O -dopa O -decarboxylase O -, O -glutamic O -decarboxylase O -, O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -( O -CAT O -) O -, O -and O -acetylcholinesterase O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -a O -period O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -starvation O -occurs O -during O -the O -lag O -phase O -of O -turnover O -, O -then O -the O -initiation O -of O -turnover O -is O -delayed O -for O -a O -period O -of O -time O -equivalent O -to O -the O -starvation O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulation O -of O -accumulation O -and O -turnover O -of O -an O -inducible O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -synchronous O -cultures O -of O -Chlorella O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -with O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -indicated O -that O -the O -inducible O -GDH O -and O -another O -GDH O -isozyme O -were O -stable O -in O -fully O -induced O -cells O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -protein O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -, O -at O -the O -time O -of O -inducer O -removal O -, O -prevented O -this O -loss O -in O -activity O -of O -the O -inducible O -GDH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -responsible O -for O -the O -esterification O -of O -free O -carboxyl O -groups O -in O -proteins O -, O -protein O -methylase O -II O -( O -S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adenosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -: O -protein O -carboxyl O -methyltransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -24 O -) O -, O -was O -identified O -in O -E O -. O -coli O -Q13 O -. O - -aps B-category -Bacillus O -amyloliquefaciens O -BaM O -- O -2 O -produces O -large O -amounts O -of O -extracellular O -enzymes O -, O -and O -the O -synthesis O -of O -these O -proteins O -appears O -to O -be O -dependent O -upon O -abnormal O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -enzyme O -demonstrated O -the O -reactions O -characteristic O -of O -polynucleotide O -phosphorylase O -: O -polymerization O -, O -phosphorolysis O -, O -and O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -exchange O -with O -the O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -of O -a O -nucleotide B-Chemical -diphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -pulsus O -paradoxus O -( O -PP O -) O -in O -13 O -episodes O -of O -status O -asthmaticus O -in O -12 O -children O -, O -ages O -13 O -months O -to O -15 O -years O -, O -was O -compared O -sequentially O -to O -a O -clinical O -score O -, O -peak O -expiratory O -flow O -rate O -( O -PEFR O -) O -, O -heart O -rate O -, O -arterialized O -capillary O -pH O -, O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -pressure O -( O -PCO2 O -) O -, O -and O -the O -ratio O -of O -inspired O -oxygen B-Chemical -to O -oxygen B-Chemical -pressure O -( O -FIO2 O -) O -/ O -PO2 O -) O -during O -the O -first O -48 O -hours O -following O -admission O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -accuracy O -and O -advantages O -of O -determining O -percentage O -of O -hemoglobin O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -of O -whole O -blood O -by O -advanced O -instruments O -of O -oximetry O -, O -gas O -chromatography O -, O -and O -the O -computation O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -from O -pO2 O -and O -pH O -data O -are O -compared O -with O -the O -Van O -Slyke O -- O -Neill O -manometric O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Beta O -- O -Lactamase O -activity O -was O -detected O -either O -biologically O -or O -using O -the O -chromogenic O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -87 O -/ O -312 O -in O -20 O -clinical O -isolates O -of O -Bacteroides O -fragilis O -with O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -minimal O -inhibitory O -concentrations O -of O -10 O -to O -100 O -micrograms O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -nucleotidase O -, O -acid O -phosphatase O -and O -nonspecific O -esterase O -show O -continuous O -gradations O -of O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reinforcing O -properties O -of O -etonitazene O -, O -both O -conditioned O -and O -unconditioned O -, O -were O -measured O -in O -rats O -that O -had O -received O -saline O -only O -by O -continuous O -intravenous O -infusion O -( O -" O -saline O -" O -group O -) O -and O -in O -two O -groups O -of O -rats O -that O -had O -been O -physically O -dependent O -on O -morphine B-Chemical -to O -equal O -degrees O -( O -and O -presumably O -had O -developed O -equal O -degrees O -of O -tolerance O -to O -morphine B-Chemical -) O -: O -one O -by O -once O -daily O -passive O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -( O -" O -injection O -" O -group O -) O -and O -the O -other O -by O -passive O -continuous O -intravenous O -morphine B-Chemical -infusion O -at O -the O -same O -daily O -doses O -for O -approximately O -the O -same O -number O -of O -days O -( O -" O -infusion O -" O -group O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -postulated O -that O -the O -daily O -cycles O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -abstinence I-Chemical -and O -suppression O -of O -abstinence O -in O -the O -injection O -group O -only O -would O -generate O -latent O -interoceptively O -conditioned O -reinforcing O -properties O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -because O -of O -conditioning O -of O -suppression O -of O -abstinence O -to O -the O -concomitant O -internal O -sensorial O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -which O -would O -persist O -after O -morphine B-Chemical -withdrawal O -and O -be O -transferred O -to O -the O -internal O -effects O -of O -another O -opioid O -, O -etonitazene O -. O - -aps B-category -Uterine O -contractions O -, O -whether O -induced O -through O -spontaneous O -or O -oxytocin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -labor O -, O -produce O -a O -decrease O -in O -uterine O -blood O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -Stereoselective O -synthesis O -of O -cis O -- O -and O -trans B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -4 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chromanols I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Head O -- O -to O -- O -head O -association O -in O -bovine O -spermatozoa O -induced O -by O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Noradrenaline O -was O -the O -most O -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -the O -least O -efficient O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -induction O -of O -association O -by O -adrenaline B-Chemical -was O -blocked O -by O -both O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockers O -at O -low O -concentrations O -( O -2 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -increase O -in O -association O -was O -brought O -about O -by O -increasing O -the O -Ca2 O -+ O -concentration O -to O -2 O -X O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -. O -Prolongation O -of O -the O -treatment O -with O -cAMP B-Chemical -increased O -association O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -an O -identical O -experiment O -, O -performed O -in O -Tyrode O -solution O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -inhibited O -association O -induced O -by O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -are O -compatible O -with O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -catecholamines B-Chemical -act O -via O -receptors O -and O -formation O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -beta O -- O -Lactamase O -was O -not O -detected O -in O -the O -penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -strains O -; O -therefore O -, O -it O -is O -likely O -that O -the O -resistance O -in O -these O -strains O -was O -chromosomal O -rather O -than O -plasmid O -- O -mediated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -determination O -relies O -on O -the O -entrapment O -of O -radio O -- O -labelled O -carbon B-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -in O -Hyamine O -hydroxide O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -was O -not O -a O -strong O -product O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -Cortisol O -( O -6 O -- O -40 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -g O -body O -wt O -) O -increased O -TAT O -activity O -, O -optimally O -72 O -hr O -post O -- O -injection O -; O -liver O -glycogen O -response O -to O -cortisol B-Chemical -was O -variable O -while O -tissue O -water O -either O -increased O -or O -remained O -constant O -. O - -aps B-category -wt O -( O -greater O -than O -10 O -( O -7 O -) O -forms O -and O -80 O -% O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -with O -25 O -- O -50 O -AEP O -res O -. O -/ O -1000 O -res O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -optimal O -conditions O -about O -230 O -nmole O -of O -reduced O -NADP O -and O -an O -equivalent O -amount O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -are O -produced O -per O -min O -per O -mg O -of O -mitochondrial O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -Km O -for O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -malate I-Chemical -, O -NADP O -and O -Mn2 O -+ O -ions O -was O -found O -to O -be O -0 O -. O -66 O -, O -0 O -. O -012 O -, O -and O -0 O -. O -0025 O -mM O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -and O -properties O -of O -the O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -from O -the O -midgut O -gland O -of O -a O -marine O -bivalved O -mollusc O -, O -Atrina O -spp O -. O - -aps B-category -RSS O -( O -relative O -substrate O -specificity O -) O -adenosine B-Chemical -and O -deoxyadenosine O -values O -for O -alpha O -and O -beta O -were O -1 O -. O -2 O -and O -1 O -. O -1 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -of O -the O -physical O -, O -chemical O -and O -kinetic O -properties O -of O -catfish O -liver O -lipogenic O -enzymes O -( O -acetyl O -- O -CoA O -carboxylase O -and O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthetase O -) O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Creatine B-Chemical -phosphokinase O -isoenzymes O -and O -Trypanosoma O -cruzi O -infections O -. O - -aps B-category -NAD O -- O -linked O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -in O -Trypanosoma O -cruzi O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -partially O -purified O -NAD O -- O -linked O -enzyme O -had O -a O -higher O -molecular O -weight O -and O -was O -much O -more O -labile O -than O -the O -NADP O -- O -linked O -enzyme O -, O -and O -was O -inhibited O -by O -purine B-Chemical -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -Dinitrophenol O -( O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -DNP O -) O -in O -substrate O -level O -concentrations O -( O -200 O -microM O -- O -1 O -mM O -) O -temporarily O -inhibits O -H2 O -production O -by O -Tritrichomonas O -foetus O -and O -Trichomonas O -vaginalis O -as O -well O -as O -the O -accumulation O -of O -metronidazole B-Chemical -, O -dependent O -on O -its O -reduction O -by O -the O -two O -trichomonad O -species O -and O -by O -Entamoeba O -invadens O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -DNP O -is O -reduced O -to O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -, O -4 O -- O -nitrophenol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -permeability O -to O -galactose B-Chemical -of O -the O -red O -cells O -studied O -was O -always O -higher O -than O -galactose B-Chemical -phosphorylation O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -inhibition O -studies O -utilizing O -sodium B-Chemical -azide O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -cyanide O -and O -8 O -- O -hydroxyquinoline O -, O -it O -appears O -that O -the O -peroxidases O -from O -I O -. O -birotulata O -are O -haemoprotein O -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -conducted O -a O -study O -in O -which O -schizophrenic O -- O -like O -behavioral O -disturbances O -were O -induced O -in O -members O -of O -a O -macaque O -social O -colony O -by O -the O -chronic O -administration O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -the O -behavioral O -findings O -and O -the O -known O -mechanisms O -of O -action O -of O -these O -drugs O -, O -the O -authors O -conclude O -that O -the O -major O -elements O -of O -the O -psychotic O -- O -like O -behavior O -induced O -by O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -were O -mediated O -by O -dopamine B-Chemical -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -conducted O -a O -study O -in O -which O -10 O -patients O -with O -recurrent O -affective O -disorders O -who O -responded O -completely O -to O -long O -- O -term O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -but O -who O -were O -otherwise O -unselected O -were O -tested O -for O -renal O -tubular O -concentrating O -and O -acidification O -ability O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -were O -submitted O -to O -exercise O -testing O -for O -3 O -minutes O -, O -and O -placebos O -, O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -, O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -were O -used O -as O -reference O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -from O -group O -A O -received O -0 O -. O -8 O -mg O -. O -of O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -sublingual O -as O -the O -first O -treatment O -and O -40 O -mg O -. O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -as O -the O -second O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -no O -significant O -difference O -observed O -in O -the O -results O -obtained O -in O -each O -parameter O -studied O -between O -penbutolol O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Kidneys O -of O -rabbit O -contain O -glutamine B-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -high O -activity O -; O -those O -of O -rat O -, O -in O -intermediate O -activity O -; O -and O -those O -of O -dog O -, O -monkey O -and O -man O -, O -in O -negligible O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -NADP O -- O -specific O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -E O -. O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -depends O -on O -the O -presence O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -a O -reduced O -pyridine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -cofactor O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -cyanide O -strongly O -inhibited O -desaturation O -and O -a O -sensitivity O -to O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -reagents O -has O -also O -been O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbomoyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -synthetase O -in O -Schistosoma O -mansoni O -utilizes O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamine I-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -ammonia B-Chemical -as O -nitrogen B-Chemical -donor O -but O -does O -not O -require O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamate I-Chemical -for O -the O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -show O -that O -temperature O -variation O -and O -pH O -variation O -may O -be O -important O -factors O -in O -the O -physiological O -regulation O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -delivery O -in O -this O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Conditions O -of O -preparation O -and O -purification O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -from O -hog O -liver O -and O -erythrocytes O -were O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -Significance O -of O -the O -variation O -in O -isozymes O -of O -liver O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -with O -thermal O -acclimation O -in O -goldfish O -- O -- O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Km O -values O -for O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -delta O -1 O -- O -pyrroline O -- O -5 O -- O -carboxylate O -are O -1 O -. O -6 O -x O -10 O -- O -5 O -and O -2 O -. O -5 O -x O -10 O -- O -6 O -M O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Relative O -to O -the O -purified O -enzyme O -, O -AMP O -- O -deaminase O -in O -lysate O -supernatants O -exhibited O -a O -greater O -S0 O -. O -5 O -and O -enhanced O -sensitivity O -toward O -phytic O -acid O -, O -but O -was O -far O -less O -sensitive O -toward O -potassium B-Chemical -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -enzymes O -were O -found O -to O -contain O -about O -two O -atoms O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -per O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -biochemical O -comparison O -was O -made O -among O -cytoplasmic O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -allozymic O -variants O -from O -Drosophila O -melanogaster O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -. O -differences O -among O -genotypes O -were O -also O -observed O -in O -thermal O -stability O -: O -Km O -values O -for O -OAA O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -malate I-Chemical -, O -NADH O -and O -NAD O -: O -and O -pG O -optima O -. O - -aps B-category -Michaelis O -constants O -, O -maximum O -velocity O -and O -pH O -- O -dependence O -of O -the O -reaction O -catalysed O -by O -homogeneous O -AMP O -- O -deaminase O -preparations O -from O -hen O -, O -frog O -and O -pikeperch O -skeletal O -muscle O -were O -compared O -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -influence O -of O -monovalent O -cations O -, O -ATP O -and O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Crithidia O -fasciculata O -adapted O -to O -growth O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -carbonyl O -cyanide O -m O -- O -chlorophenylhydrazone O -( O -CCCP O -) O -, O -an O -uncoupler O -of O -oxidative O -phosphorylation O -, O -maintained O -adenosine B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -pools O -and O -an O -adenylate O -energy O -charge O -comparable O -to O -those O -of O -control O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -transport O -of O -alanine B-Chemical -and O -proline O -by O -adapted O -C O -. O -fasciculata O -was O -severely O -impaired O -, O -while O -the O -transport O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -leucine B-Chemical -was O -unaffected O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -high O -dose O -methotrexate B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -malignant O -disease O -has O -been O -complicated O -by O -nephrotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -drugs O -on O -the O -processes O -regulating O -the O -functional O -activity O -of O -brain O -monoamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -these O -techniques O -the O -acute O -and O -chronic O -effects O -of O -certain O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -other O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blocking O -agents O -, O -repeated O -electroconvulsive O -shock O -, O -and O -lithium B-Chemical -upon O -the O -functional O -activity O -of O -brain O -5HT O -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -are O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Short O -and O -long O -- O -term O -effects O -of O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -in O -relation O -to O -their O -cellular O -mechanism O -of O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -regard O -to O -the O -effects O -at O -synaptic O -level O -, O -a O -brief O -review O -is O -presented O -on O -the O -available O -evidence O -in O -support O -of O -the O -currently O -prevailing O -dopamine B-Chemical -hypothesis O -. O - -aps B-category -c O -. O -Destabilization O -under O -" O -stress O -" O -of O -the O -heterochromatin O -in O -schizophrenics O -seems O -to O -be O -due O -to O -histone O -modifications O -and O -is O -partly O -prevented O -by O -neuroleptic B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -are O -GABA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -drugs O -and O -, O -more O -recently O -, O -beta O -- O -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -Development O -of O -certain O -butyrophenones O -more O -directly O -effective O -in O -" O -minus O -" O -symptoms O -of O -schizophrenia O -and O -introduction O -of O -depot O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Neuroleptic B-Chemical -drugs O -are O -still O -widely O -employed O -in O -childhood O -psychoses O -, O -but O -new O -experiences O -on O -a O -large O -number O -of O -cases O -in O -this O -field O -, O -have O -shown O -the O -usefullness O -of O -antidepressive O -drugs O -, O -either O -alone O -or O -associated O -with O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -, O -also O -when O -depressive O -symptoms O -are O -not O -clearly O -evident O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -has O -been O -some O -progress O -toward O -the O -identification O -of O -biologically O -defined O -subgroups O -by O -assessing O -amine B-Chemical -metabolites O -in O -urine O -or O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -which O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -a O -more O -rational O -choice O -of O -therapies O -for O -depressed O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Azidomorphine O -( O -6 O -- O -deoxy O -- O -6 O -- O -azidodihydroisomorphine O -) O -and O -14 O -- O -hydroxyazidomorphine O -( O -6 O -- O -deoxy O -- O -6 O -- O -azidodihydro O -- O -14 O -- O -hydroxyisomorphine O -) O -being O -in O -animal O -tests O -40 O -- O -300 O -times O -more O -potent O -than O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -are O -the O -most O -effective O -analgesics O -among O -the O -semi O -- O -synthetic O -morphine B-Chemical -alkaloids O -. O - -aps B-category -Rymazolium O -( O -Probon O -) O -a O -new O -non O -- O -narcotic O -analgesic O -which O -strongly O -potentiates O -the O -analgesic O -and O -antagonizes O -the O -respiratory O -depressant O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -alkaloids O -in O -animals O -proved O -to O -hinder O -the O -development O -of O -tolerance O -to O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -animals O -and O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -hyperthermia O -is O -reinforced O -by O -amphetamine B-Chemical -given O -at O -doses O -which O -usually O -cause O -hypothermia O -. O - -aps B-category -Apomorphine B-Chemical -is O -not O -significantly O -active O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -these O -variations O -of O -temperature O -have O -their O -acme O -a O -15 O -min O -except O -for O -reserpine B-Chemical -which O -, O -given O -22 O -hours O -before O -, O -potentiates O -TRH O -+ O -Amph O -hyperthermia O -after O -30 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -activation O -syndrome O -was O -significantly O -reduced O -by O -two O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -blockers O -( O -pimozide O -, O -fluspririlene O -) O -and O -by O -an O -agonist O -of O -inhibition O -- O -mediating O -DA O -receptors O -[ O -( O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydroxyphenylamino O -) O -- B-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -imidazoline I-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -AHR O -- O -6646 O -blocked O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -lethality O -in O -mice O -under O -aggregated O -conditions O -when O -the O -pretreatment O -interval O -was O -between O -one O -hour O -and O -seven O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Apomorphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -pivoting O -in O -mice O -with O -unilateral O -lesions O -of O -the O -caudate O -nucleus O -was O -suppressed O -by O -AHR O -- O -6646 O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -diuretic B-Chemical -action O -of O -somatostatin O -may O -result O -from O -inhibition O -of O -the O -action O -of O -vasopressin B-Chemical -on O -the O -renal O -medulla O -but O -other O -possible O -mechanisms O -cannot O -be O -excluded O -. O - -aps B-category -Bottle O -- O -fed O -infants O -have O -a O -total O -serum O -cholesterol B-Chemical -of O -147 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -ml O -on O -the O -fifth O -day O -of O -life O -and O -their O -stools O -contain O -more O -Escherichia O -coli O -than O -Lactobacilli O -organisms O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -change O -is O -associated O -with O -a O -decrease O -in O -total O -cholesterol B-Chemical -to O -a O -mean O -119 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -ml O -over O -the O -next O -3 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Serial O -pH O -changes O -in O -the O -duodenal O -bulb O -during O -smoking B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -was O -monitored O -during O -three O -study O -periods O -, O -basal O -, O -smoking B-Chemical -, O -and O -postsmoking O -, O -of O -1 O -hr O -each O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bulbar O -pH O -remained O -under O -3 O -. O -5 O -during O -the O -smoking B-Chemical -period O -longer O -in O -the O -hypersecretor O -group O -compared O -to O -the O -normosecretor O -group O -( O -60 O -versus O -20 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -5 O -hypersecretors O -with O -data O -for O -both O -bulbar O -pH O -and O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -output O -, O -inhibition O -of O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -output O -during O -smoking B-Chemical -was O -generally O -associated O -with O -acidic O -pH O -values O -in O -the O -bulb O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -further O -suggests O -that O -the O -degree O -and O -the O -duration O -of O -acidification O -of O -the O -duodenal O -bulb O -during O -smoking B-Chemical -are O -influenced O -by O -the O -secretory O -and O -the O -smoking B-Chemical -status O -of O -the O -subject O -. O - -aps B-category -Interrelationships O -between O -the O -gastric O -mucosal O -cAMP B-Chemical -and O -gastric O -H O -+ O -secretion O -in O -pylorus O -- O -ligated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulfasalazine B-Chemical -hepatotoxicity O -has O -been O -poorly O -documented O -in O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -in O -vivo O -secretion O -of O -porcine O -calcitonin B-Chemical -by O -somatostatin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -phenol B-Chemical -extracts O -from O -S O -. O -suis O -only O -lipid O -- O -bound O -teichoic O -acid O -, O -also O -reactive O -with O -Group O -D O -antiserum O -, O -was O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -Precipitation O -reactions O -between O -S O -. O -suis O -lipoteichoic O -acid O -and O -Group O -D O -antisera O -were O -specifically O -inhibited O -by O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Graft O -- O -vs O -. O -- O -host O -( O -GVH O -) O -reactivity O -of O -parental O -lymph O -node O -( O -LN O -) O -cells O -was O -assayed O -by O -measurements O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -incorporation O -in O -vivo O -in O -spleens O -of O -irradiated O -F1 O -recipients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -genetic O -fine O -structure O -of O -the O -complex O -locus O -aro3 O -involved O -in O -early O -aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -biosynthesis O -in O -Schizosaccharomyces O -pombe O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -mutant O -HR7 O -is O -hypersensitive O -to O -petite O -induction O -by O -the O -detergent O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -under O -conditions O -where O -the O -parent O -J69 O -- O -1B O -is O -unaffected O -by O -this O -agent O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -mutants O -are O -allelic O -to O -the O -MAL4 O -gene O -and O -fail O -to O -ferment O -maltose O -, O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -and O -alpha O -- O -methylglucoside O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -combined O -histochemical O -and O -chromatographical O -procedure O -is O -described O -to O -identify O -tissue O -components O -such O -as O -lipids O -, O -free O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -carbohydrates O -and O -steroids B-Chemical -in O -cryosections O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Electron O -microscopic O -detection O -of O -choline B-Chemical -groups O -in O -membrane O -- O -bound O -and O -extracellular O -lipids O -with O -iodoplatinate O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -leucine B-Chemical -aminopeptidase O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -arylamidase O -and O -carboxypeptidases O -A O -and O -B O -do O -not O -cause O -lysis O -of O -gelatin O -substrate O -films O -. O - -aps B-category -Histochemical O -and O -biochemical O -investigations O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -in O -vertebrate O -mixed O -muscles O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -of O -unfixed O -frozen O -sections O -with O -ouabain B-Chemical -, O -cyanide O -and O -acetone O -did O -not O -prevent O -the O -reticular O -distribution O -in O -avian O -muscle O -fibres O -. O - -aps B-category -Glycerol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -( O -both O -located O -at O -the O -outer O -surface O -of O -the O -inner O -mitochondrial O -membrane O -) O -and O -succinate O -dehydrogenase O -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -localized O -at O -the O -inner O -mitochondrial O -membrane O -and O -in O -the O -matrix O -resp O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Ultrathin O -frozen O -sections O -of O -platelets O -, O -which O -are O -fixed O -by O -glutaraldehyde O -, O -freeze O -- O -protected O -by O -polyvinyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pyrrolidone I-Chemical -and O -encapsulated O -in O -gelatin O -show O -a O -well O -preserved O -fine O -structure O -after O -staining O -with O -buffered O -OsO4 O -, O -phosphotungstic O -, O -phosphomolybdic O -or O -ammoniummolybdic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -chemistry O -of O -the O -positive O -contrast B-Chemical -reaction O -of O -glycogen O -in O -epoxy O -thin O -layers O -with O -phosphotungstic O -acid O -( O -PTA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -and O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -on O -regional O -left O -ventricular O -blood O -flow O -in O -experimental O -myocardial O -ischaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Absence O -of O -effect O -of O -cardiac O -denervation O -and O -induced O -right O -ventricular O -failure O -on O -canine O -myocardial O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -binding O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -E1 O -, O -E2 O -, O -A1 O -, O -and O -A2 O -on O -the O -resistance O -and O -capacitance O -vessels O -in O -the O -hind O -limb O -of O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Observations O -on O -left O -ventricular O -failure O -induced O -by O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -: O -pharmacology O -and O -clinical O -considerations O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -soon O -as O -central O -nervous O -system O -involvement O -appears O -, O -100 O -% O -oxygen B-Chemical -by O -mask O -is O -administered O -and O -the O -patient O -is O -recompressed O -supine O -to O -60 O -feet O -of O -sea O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -regimen O -of O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -succinate O -, O -100 O -mg O -IV O -, O -administered O -immediately O -before O -surgery O -should O -be O -followed O -by O -a O -seven O -- O -day O -tapering O -course O -of O -oral O -prednisone B-Chemical -starting O -with O -40 O -mg O -on O -the O -first O -postoperative O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -the O -HALFD O -method O -were O -compared O -with O -hypertonic O -fluid O -and O -Ringer O -' O -s O -lactate B-Chemical -resuscitation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -smoke O -condensate O -obtained O -during O -charcoal B-Chemical -broiling O -of O -beefsteak O -was O -far O -less O -mutagenic O -than O -that O -of O -fish O -, O -with O -or O -without O -metabolic O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -Tissue O -analyses O -and O -tumour O -regression O -studies O -using O -the O -oncolytic O -antibiotic O -, O -adriamycin B-Chemical -( O -14 O -- O -hydroxydaunomycin O -) O -, O -and O -its O -DNA O -complex O -at O -adriamycin B-Chemical -dosages O -of O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -and O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -were O -made O -on O -C3H O -mice O -with O -transplanted O -mammary O -adenocarcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Tumour O -regression O -was O -comparable O -for O -both O -the O -complex O -and O -free O -adriamycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Improvement O -of O -pancreatic O -cancer O -model O -by O -modified O -treatment O -with O -N O -- O -nitroso O -- O -bis O -( O -2 O -- O -oxopropyl O -) O -amine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cytoplasmic O -receptors O -for O -17 O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -, O -5 O -alpha O -- O -dihydrotestosterone O -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -in O -normal O -and O -abnormal O -human O -uterine O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Generally O -speaking O -, O -steroid B-Chemical -and O -peptide O -hormone O -plasma O -content O -in O -patients O -with O -malignant O -conditions O -were O -at O -the O -lower O -limit O -values O -of O -normal O -, O -except O -for O -follicle O -- O -stimulating O -hormone O -which O -had O -values O -significantly O -higher O -than O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -Suspensions O -of O -Walker O -and O -HeLa O -cells O -, O -rat O -fibroblasts O -and O -human O -stimulated O -lymphocytes O -were O -incubated O -over O -various O -periods O -with O -the O -synthetic O -amino B-Chemical -steroid B-Chemical -, O -2 O -beta O -, O -16 O -beta O -- O -dipiperidino O -- O -5 O -alpha O -- O -androstane O -- O -3 O -alpha O -, O -17 O -beta O -- O -diol O -dipivalate O -( O -DAP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acute O -toxicity O -of O -DAP O -was O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -and O -considerably O -lower O -than O -vinblastine O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -metabolism O -was O -further O -stimulated O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -NAD O -, O -NADP O -and O -the O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oestrogen I-Chemical -Tamoxifen B-Chemical -( O -ICI O -46 O -, O -474 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Risk O -of O -fluorosis O -in O -the O -manufacture O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -fertilizers O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Pulmonary O -pathology O -in O -a O -plant O -of O -electrolytic O -reduction O -of O -aluminum B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Critical O -steps O -included O -a O -silver B-Chemical -electrode O -of O -new O -design O -, O -the O -use O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -as O -a O -thiol B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -a O -nitrogen B-Chemical -atmosphere O -, O -and O -pretreatment O -of O -samples O -with O -equimolar O -mercurial O -and O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Yields O -dropped O -with O -exposure O -of O -protein O -solutions O -or O -membrane O -suspensions O -to O -atmospheric O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Reconstitution O -of O -neutral O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -system O -from O -Ehrlich O -ascites O -tumor O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Purified O -plasma O -membrane O -vesicles O -from O -Ehrlich O -ascites O -cells O -were O -dissolved O -in O -2 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -cholate B-Chemical -, O -1 O -mM O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -5 O -mM O -EDTA O -, O -a O -mixture O -which O -solubilized O -approximately O -50 O -% O -of O -the O -membrane O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -fraction O -containing O -approximately O -15 O -Coomassie O -blue O -staining O -bands O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -gels O -was O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -an O -electrogenic O -gradient O -mediated O -by O -valinomycin O -- O -induced O -potassium B-Chemical -diffusion O -seemed O -to O -stimulate O -alanine B-Chemical -uptake O -further O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -semistarvation O -on O -small O -intestinal O -transport O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -, O -L O -- O -valine O -, O -and O -NaCl B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -an O -in O -vitro O -system O -of O -isolated O -rat O -brush O -border O -membrane O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -Strain O -differences O -were O -observed O -in O -the O -manner O -semistarvation O -affected O -NaCl B-Chemical -transport O -across O -the O -brush O -border O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -provide O -a O -partial O -explanation O -for O -the O -cellular O -basis O -of O -elevated O -neutral O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -absorption O -by O -the O -small O -intestine O -in O -semistarvation O -. O - -aps B-category -Ouabain O -, O -phloretin O -, O -cytochalasin O -B O -, O -cysteine B-Chemical -, O -phenyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -, O -MalNEt O -, O -and O -IAA O -are O -without O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -an O -alpha O -- O -galactosidase O -negative O -derivative O -of O -W3133 O -( O -RA11 O -) O -a O -sugar O -- O -stimulated O -Na O -+ O -uptake O -was O -observed O -in O -melibiose O -- O -induced O -cells O -on O -the O -addition O -of O -melibiose O -, O -thiodigalactoside O -, O -methyl O -- O -alpha O -- O -galactoside O -, O -methyl O -- O -beta O -- O -galactoside O -, O -and O -galactose B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -lactose O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -investigation O -of O -isolated O -and O -purified O -heart O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -performed O -in O -the O -current O -study O -indicates O -the O -presence O -of O -significant O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphokinase O -( O -CPK O -) O -activity O -in O -this O -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -CPK O -localized O -on O -the O -reticular O -membrane O -is O -able O -to O -maintain O -the O -high O -rate O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -consumption O -by O -the O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -limited O -heat O -treatment O -to O -permit O -resolution O -of O -the O -two O -dimers O -and O -the O -extended O -treatment O -to O -convert O -the O -dimers O -to O -the O -monomeric O -form O -were O -markedly O -inhibited O -by O -alkylation O -of O -the O -solubilized O -membrane O -protein O -with O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -or O -oxidation O -with O -H2O2 B-Chemical -or O -diamide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -technique O -has O -been O -employed O -for O -the O -study O -of O -events O -which O -occur O -in O -the O -interaction O -of O -lymphocytes O -with O -macrophages O -in O -PHA O -- O -stimulated O -immune O -interferon B-Chemical -production O -and O -blastogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relation O -between O -these O -effects O -and O -the O -known O -interferon B-Chemical -induction O -capacity O -on O -Tilorone O -remains O -unclear O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -or O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -( O -PG O -) O -E1 O -or O -E2 O -administered O -to O -rabbits O -topically O -alone O -in O -high O -doses O -produced O -conjunctival O -vasodilation O -associated O -with O -little O -or O -no O -edema O -while O -their O -mixture O -at O -lower O -concentrations O -produced O -conjunctival O -vasodilation O -associated O -with O -profound O -edema O -. O - -aps B-category -Conjunctival O -smears O -from O -eyes O -treated O -with O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -/ O -PG O -mixture O -contained O -small O -lymphocytes O -and O -polymorphonuclear O -leukocytes O -, O -including O -eosinophilic O -and O -occasionally O -basophilic O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -and O -histological O -results O -indicate O -that O -the O -synergistic O -effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -with O -PGs O -of O -the O -E O -- O -type O -in O -the O -conjunctiva O -produces O -an O -inflammatory O -response O -similar O -to O -that O -seen O -in O -various O -clinical O -forms O -of O -human O -allergic O -conjunctivitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Mononuclear O -cells O -and O -semipurified O -lymphocytes O -separated O -from O -whole O -blood O -by O -sedimentation O -in O -Ficoll B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Hypaque I-Chemical -were O -able O -to O -generate O -LIF O -in O -response O -to O -PPD O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -same O -agents O -did O -not O -augment O -basal O -cAMP B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -same O -drugs O -also O -enhanced O -the O -accumulation O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -induced O -by O -cholera O -toxin O -( O -CT O -) O -but O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -PDE O -inhibitor O -was O -required O -for O -such O -enhancement O -to O -become O -evident O -. O - -aps B-category -Preincubation O -with O -the O -ionophore O -A23187 O -, O -which O -elevates O -the O -intracellular O -concentration O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -, O -also O -enhanced O -the O -stimulation O -of O -AC O -by O -PGE1 B-Chemical -and O -IP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cytosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -DNA O -of O -a O -mutant O -of O -bacteriophage O -T4 O -was O -digested O -with O -restriction O -endonucleases O -SmaI O -, O -KpnI O -and O -BglII O -producing O -5 O -, O -7 O -and O -13 O -fragments O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -taste O -- O -aversion O -study O -using O -male O -Long O -- O -Evans O -rats O -in O -which O -ethanol B-Chemical -was O -the O -unconditioned O -stimulus O -( O -UCS O -) O -and O -six O -studies O -in O -which O -lithium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -( O -LiCl B-Chemical -) O -was O -the O -UCS O -demonstrate O -that O -( O -a O -) O -exposure O -to O -the O -UCS O -prior O -to O -conditioning O -retards O -subsequent O -acquisition O -of O -learned O -taste O -aversions O -; O -( O -b O -) O -a O -single O -preconditioning O -UCS O -exposure O -is O -sufficient O -to O -attenuate O -conditioning O -; O -( O -c O -) O -the O -preconditioning O -UCS O -exposure O -must O -occur O -within O -a O -limited O -period O -prior O -to O -conditioning O -to O -attenuate O -learning O -; O -( O -d O -) O -repeated O -conditioning O -trials O -will O -override O -the O -effect O -of O -prior O -exposure O -to O -the O -UCS O -; O -( O -e O -) O -tolerance O -to O -the O -UCS O -is O -not O -a O -necessary O -condition O -for O -the O -attenuation O -effect O -to O -occur O -; O -( O -f O -) O -pairing O -the O -preconditioning O -UCS O -with O -a O -novel O -flavor O -other O -than O -the O -CS O -does O -not O -remove O -the O -preexposure O -effect O -, O -although O -it O -may O -reduce O -its O -magnitude O -; O -and O -( O -g O -) O -the O -degree O -of O -disruption O -is O -a O -positive O -function O -of O -preconditioning O -UCS O -dosage O -and O -an O -inverse O -function O -of O -conditioning O -UCS O -dosage O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -it O -was O -still O -reduced O -, O -heart O -rate O -had O -begun O -to O -rise O -30 O -minutes O -after O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -but O -graft O -flow O -did O -not O -begin O -to O -return O -toward O -predrug O -control O -levels O -until O -over O -60 O -minutes O -after O -drug O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -Platelet O -ultrastructure O -, O -adenine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -metabolism O -, O -and O -the O -release O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -results O -in O -normal O -platelets O -, O -the O -conversion O -of O -ATP O -to O -inosine O -monophosphate O -and O -hypoxanthine O -in O -platelets O -in O -leukemia O -failed O -to O -increase O -significantly O -with O -collagen O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -produced O -underperfusion O -of O -LV O -subendocardium O -with O -or O -without O -previous O -ATP O -vasodilation O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -decreased O -ventricular O -volume O -. O - -aps B-category -Epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -ouabain B-Chemical -caused O -no O -consistent O -changes O -in O -transmural O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -subendocardial O -flow O -with O -angiotensin B-Chemical -indicates O -that O -subepicardial O -vasodilation O -in O -the O -fibrillating O -heart O -causes O -epicardial O -" O -steal O -, O -" O -which O -contributes O -to O -subendocardial O -ischemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -hyperosomotic O -mannitol B-Chemical -in O -reducing O -ischemic O -swelling O -and O -minimizing O -myocardial O -necrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -metal O -ion O -pretreatment O -of O -enamel O -on O -fluoride B-Chemical -uptake O -from O -acidulated O -phosphate B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -mammalian O -gonadotropins O -and O -homologous O -gonadotropins O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -delta O -5 O -- O -3 O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -steroid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dehydrogenase I-Chemical -( O -HSD O -) O -in O -hypophysectomized O -Rana O -esculenta O -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -cardiovascular O -and O -pulmonary O -changes O -during O -meperidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diazepam I-Chemical -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -showed O -that O -neither O -ventricular O -cardiac O -arrhythmias O -nor O -clinically O -significant O -respiratory O -depression O -occurred O -in O -the O -sedated O -patients O -; O -meperidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diazepam I-Chemical -proved O -to O -be O -satisfactory O -for O -oral O -surgical O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -Segments O -of O -the O -neural O -axis O -were O -fixed O -in O -glutaraldehyde O -- O -containing O -Alcian O -blue O -8GX O -, O -which O -reportedly O -enhances O -preservation O -of O -CSM O -, O -and O -were O -postfixed O -in O -OsO4 O -containing O -1 O -percent O -lanthanum B-Chemical -nitrate I-Chemical -, O -which O -stains O -the O -CSM O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -variants O -of O -the O -Golgi O -silver B-Chemical -impregnation O -technique O -were O -employed O -in O -the O -light O -microscopic O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -significance O -in O -long O -- O -term O -carriers O -of O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Therapeutic O -levels O -of O -digitalis B-Chemical -did O -not O -alter O -the O -conduction O -intervals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -variable O -fine O -structure O -of O -elastin O -visualized O -with O -Verhoeff O -' O -s O -iron B-Chemical -hematoxylin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -and O -Concanavalin O -A O -on O -the O -vitelline O -surface O -of O -fertilized O -and O -unfertilized O -rabbit O -ova O -. O - -aps B-category -Ova O -were O -also O -exposed O -to O -Concanavalin O -A O -. O -Ruthenium B-Chemical -red I-Chemical -bound O -strongly O -to O -elements O -of O -the O -zona O -and O -increased O -the O -opacity O -of O -the O -plasmalemma O -. O - -aps B-category -Triphenylmethane O -dyes O -as O -inhibitors O -of O -reverse O -transcriptase O -, O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -polymerase O -, O -and O -protein O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Identification O -of O -cobalt B-Chemical -in O -processes O -of O -stained O -neurones O -using O -x O -- O -ray O -energy O -spectra O -in O -the O -electron O -microscope O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -cases O -demonstrated O -strong O -alpha O -- O -naphthyl O -acetate O -esterase O -positivity O -; O -and O -fluoride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inhibited I-Chemical -naphthol O -AS O -- O -D O -acetate O -esterase O -positivity O -was O -observed O -in O -8 O -of O -9 O -cases O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -achieved O -complete O -remission O -after O -treatment O -with O -Adriamycin B-Chemical -, O -1 O -following O -a O -relapse O -. O - -aps B-category -Ultrastructural O -study O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -A2 O -on O -the O -nucleolus O -and O -its O -possibly O -related O -cytoplasmic O -constituents O -in O -Novikoff O -hepatoma O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -bleomycin B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -10 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -in O -vitro O -produced O -an O -increased O -number O -of O -fibrillar O -centers O -with O -well O -- O -defined O -nucleolonemas O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -in O -vivo O -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -closely O -resemble O -those O -found O -in O -vitro O -with O -concentrations O -of O -50 O -and O -100 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -sleep O -and O -EEG O -through O -a O -cycle O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -dependence O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -sleep O -and O -EEG O -were O -studied O -during O -a O -predrug O -control O -period O -, O -during O -the O -methadone B-Chemical -induction O -phase O -( O -45 O -- O -60 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -, O -stabilization O -phase O -( O -100 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -, O -and O -then O -6 O -; O -10 O -, O -13 O -, O -18 O -and O -22 O -weeks O -after O -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -Nocturnal O -sleep O -was O -not O -markedly O -altered O -during O -the O -chronic O -administration O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Immunohistochemical O -localization O -of O -androgen B-Chemical -in O -the O -testes O -of O -both O -rat O -and O -squirrel O -monkey O -has O -been O -performed O -using O -an O -antiserum O -specific O -to O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -certain O -related O -androgens B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -highest O -concentration O -of O -androgen B-Chemical -was O -found O -in O -the O -interstitial O -tissue O -but O -a O -significant O -amount O -was O -also O -present O -in O -the O -seminiferous O -tubules O -in O -the O -layer O -adjacent O -to O -the O -tubular O -wall O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -restricted O -localization O -in O -the O -tubules O -might O -indicate O -either O -de O -novo O -synthesis O -or O -active O -uptake O -of O -steroids B-Chemical -intermediate O -in O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -in O -the O -seminiferous O -tubules O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -role O -of O -dihydrostreptomycin O -in O -streptomycin B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Experience O -with O -17 O -patients O -with O -the O -Zollinger O -- O -Ellison O -syndrome O -is O -presented O -with O -special O -reference O -to O -stimulation O -tests O -( O -secretin O -, O -glucagon O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -infusion O -, O -test O -meal O -) O -and O -to O -localization O -and O -immunohistologic O -, O -ultrastructural O -, O -and O -biochemical O -findings O -in O -gastrinomas O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -association O -of O -abnormal O -colloidal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iron I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -positive I-Chemical -material O -with O -structural O -detail O -in O -the O -arterial O -wall O -was O -clarified O -by O -comparison O -with O -specimens O -of O -amputated O -diabetic O -human O -legs O -. O - -aps B-category -CHP O -was O -essentially O -equipotent O -, O -however O -, O -with O -cortisol B-Chemical -in O -models O -of O -inflammation O -mediated O -via O -delayed O -hypersensitivity O -such O -as O -experimental O -allergic O -encephalomyelitis O -, O -adjuvant O -- O -induced O -arthritis O -, O -mouse O -skin O -graft O -, O -and O -mouse O -skin O -delayed O -hypersensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Guinea O -- O -pig O -epidermal O -cells O -in O -culture O -possess O -a O -glycocalyx O -coat O -similar O -to O -that O -in O -vivo O -, O -as O -revealed O -by O -the O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -stating O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -Probably O -this O -was O -due O -to O -the O -weak O -contrast B-Chemical -of O -the O -Procion O -- O -injected O -cell O -against O -the O -tissue O -background O -, O -rather O -than O -the O -failure O -of O -the O -dye O -to O -diffuse O -into O -finer O -branches O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -localization O -of O -64Cu O -- O -, O -3H O -- O -, O -and O -99mTc O -- O -labeled O -bleomycin B-Chemical -was O -studied O -in O -tissues O -of O -Fisher O -rats O -bearing O -an O -endocrine O -autonomous O -breast O -tumor O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mixture O -of O -aqueous O -solutions O -of O -National O -fast O -blue O -, O -a O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phthalocyanine I-Chemical -dye O -, O -and O -pyronin O -B O -, O -a O -red O -xanthene O -dye O -, O -when O -added O -to O -fresh O -urinary O -sediment O -, O -supravitally O -stains O -benign O -or O -malignant O -cells O -and O -the O -various O -types O -of O -casts O -and O -their O -inclusions O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Method O -of O -elution O -and O -transport O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -hormones O -by O -chromatography O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Micromethod O -of O -determining O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -in O -the O -blood O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Disorders O -in O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -nephrolithiasis O -in O -children O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Hypokalaemia O -of O -barium B-Chemical -poisoning O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -treatment O -in O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -nephrotic O -syndrome O -of O -childhood O -. O - -aps B-category -Older O -children O -and O -those O -in O -whom O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -was O -given O -during O -a O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -maintained I-Chemical -remission O -fared O -better O -. O - -aps B-category -Surgical O -repair O -of O -this O -lesion O -increased O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -at O -least O -threefold O -, O -and O -the O -hypertension O -and O -erythrocytosis O -disappeared O -. O - -aps B-category -Deficiency O -of O -red O -- O -blood O -- O -cell O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -( O -R O -. O -B O -. O -C O -. O -- O -A O -. O -D O -. O -A O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Much O -clinical O -experience O -has O -been O -gained O -in O -the O -use O -of O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -/ O -electrolyte O -oral O -solutions O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -acute O -diarrhea O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biggest O -problem O -will O -be O -getting O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -electrolytes O -to O -where O -they O -are O -most O -needed O -- O -- O -at O -the O -level O -of O -home O -and O -village O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rifampicin B-Chemical -plus O -isoniazed O -regimen O -was O -well O -tolerated O -, O -producing O -adverse O -effects O -which O -warranted O -withdrawal O -from O -the O -study O -in O -only O -3 O -. O -6 O -% O -of O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Streptomycin B-Chemical -produced O -significant O -adverse O -effects O -in O -8 O -% O -of O -patients O -whilst O -ethambutol B-Chemical -caused O -none O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostaglandin O -E O -- O -1 O -was O -infused O -into O -two O -children O -with O -cyanotic O -congenital O -heart O -- O -disease O -where O -patency O -of O -the O -ductus O -arteriosus O -was O -necessary O -to O -maintain O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -the O -non O -- O -specific O -antagonist O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthesis O -, O -indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -to O -one O -patient O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -fall O -in O -arterial O -saturation O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -, O -without O -effect O -on O -these O -enzymes O -, O -did O -induce O -insulin O -secretion O -from O -insulin O -granules O -and O -plasma O -membranes O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -might O -act O -as O -the O -missing O -second O -messenger O -for O -insulin O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Oral O -glucose B-Chemical -electrolyte O -therapy O -for O -acute O -diarrhoea O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Oxprenolol B-Chemical -and O -levodopa B-Chemical -in O -parkinsonian O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Reserpine B-Chemical -and O -chemical O -carcinogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -and O -sympatho O -- O -adrenal O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -successful O -termination O -of O -19 O -consecutive O -late O -1st O -and O -2nd O -trimester O -pregnancies O -using O -a O -combination O -of O -intravenous O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -( O -PGE2 B-Chemical -) O -and O -oxytocin B-Chemical -( O -Syntocinon O -) O -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxytocin B-Chemical -was O -infused O -2 O -hours O -after O -the O -PGE2 B-Chemical -at O -a O -constant O -rate O -of O -128 O -mU O -/ O -minute O -. O - -aps B-category -Vomiting O -occurred O -in O -13 O -women O -; O -pain O -was O -minor O -and O -was O -controlled O -by O -pethidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -release O -by O -gastric O -stimulants O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -procedure O -utilizes O -virus O -precipitation O -with O -reference O -fluorescein B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -conjugated I-Chemical -gamma O -globulin O -, O -followed O -by O -cellulose O -acetate O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -release O -during O -antigen O -inhalation O -in O -experimental O -asthma O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -19 O -experiments O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -detected O -in O -arterial O -plasma O -after O -antigen O -inhalation O -; O -its O -concentration O -was O -correlated O -with O -changes O -in O -airflow O -resistance O -of O -the O -respiratory O -system O -( O -Rrs O -) O -( O -per O -cent O -change O -above O -control O -equals O -132 O -. O -3 O -plus O -250 O -log O -histamine B-Chemical -concentration O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -6 O -dogs O -given O -aerosols O -of O -dilute O -antigen O -and O -in O -4 O -dogs O -given O -aerosols O -of O -compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -, O -Rrs O -increased O -significantly O -, O -but O -no O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -detected O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -6 O -dogs O -, O -administration O -of O -48 O -/ O -80 O -caused O -partial O -depletion O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -stores O -but O -prevented O -the O -response O -to O -antigen O -inhalation O -in O -only O -one O -of O -6 O -dogs O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -phosphatase O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -LD O -) O -, O -and O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -MD O -) O -, O -the O -activity O -of O -which O -in O -the O -ear O -fluids O -was O -20 O -to O -30 O -times O -higher O -than O -in O -serum O -, O -were O -found O -to O -appear O -as O -strong O -precipitates O -in O -the O -middle O -ear O -epithelium O -, O -particularly O -in O -the O -top O -layer O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemoglobin O -level O -was O -improved O -in O -some O -myeloma O -patients O -receiving O -androgens B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -controlled O -study O -evaluating O -androgen B-Chemical -plus O -melphalan B-Chemical -has O -not O -been O -done O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -objective O -nor O -subjective O -benefit O -was O -demonstrated O -in O -a O -controlled O -study O -comparing O -the O -effects O -of O -fluoride B-Chemical -( O -without O -calcium B-Chemical -supplement O -) O -with O -those O -of O -the O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Stable O -analogs O -of O -the O -crucial O -Schiff O -base O -intermediate O -of O -enzymatic O -and O -nonenzymatic O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -catalysis O -have O -been O -used O -as O -haptens O -for O -induction O -of O -specific O -antibodies O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -compounds O -were O -covalently O -coupled O -to O -a O -protein O -carrier O -via O -the O -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -group O -so O -as O -to O -confer O -a O -prescribed O -orientation O -, O -with O -the O -coenzyme O -region O -farthest O -removed O -from O -the O -carrier O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibody O -heterogeneity O -was O -observed O -in O -that O -different O -species O -could O -be O -separated O -from O -a O -given O -serum O -by O -sequential O -elution O -from O -the O -affinity O -columns O -with O -1 O -M O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -buffers O -of O -pH O -7 O -. O -6 O -, O -5 O -. O -2 O -, O -2 O -. O -6 O -and O -1 O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibodies O -to O -the O -phosphopyridoxyl O -groups O -alone O -did O -not O -display O -a O -similar O -reactivity O -toward O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -portion O -of O -the O -complex O -haptens O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -- O -courses O -for O -the O -appearance O -of O -serum O -- O -stimulated O -lipase O -and O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -lipase O -activities O -in O -human O -plasma O -after O -heparin B-Chemical -injection O -were O -different O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -treatment O -of O -postheparin O -plasma O -with O -the O -antiserum O -only O -the O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -lipase O -activity O -could O -be O -eluted O -from O -the O -column O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -rate O -of O -rapid O -axonal O -transport O -in O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -deficient O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -3H O -) O -adenosine B-Chemical -, O -a O -tracer O -for O -neuronal O -connectivity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -derived O -from O -the O -rats O -which O -had O -received O -thalamic O -injections O -of O -HRP O -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -in O -combination O -indicated O -that O -the O -connections O -between O -cortex O -and O -thalamus O -are O -in O -general O -reciprocal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -was O -argyrophil O -( O -with O -the O -Grimelius O -silver B-Chemical -method O -) O -and O -showed O -the O -morphological O -pattern O -of O -polypeptide O -- O -hormone O -- O -producing O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Azathioprine B-Chemical -( O -150 O -mg O -daily O -) O -was O -given O -to O -14 O -patients O -with O -polymyositis O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -patients O -additionally O -received O -6 O -- O -mercaptopurine O -, O -methotrexate B-Chemical -and O -( O -or O -) O -cactinomycin O -. O - -aps B-category -Detection O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -in O -Champy O -- O -Maillet O -' O -s O -histological O -stain O -by O -electron O -probe O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -classical O -complement O -pathway O -function O -requires O -both O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -ions O -, O -whereas O -the O -alternative O -pathway O -requires O -only O -magnesium B-Chemical -ions O -, O -selective O -chelation O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -in O -serum O -can O -be O -used O -to O -block O -the O -classical O -complement O -pathway O -while O -leaving O -the O -alternative O -pathway O -intact O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -a O -profound O -reduction O -( O -up O -to O -97 O -per O -cent O -) O -in O -labeled O -optic O -nerve O -protein O -was O -found O -at O -four O -days O -following O -intravitreal O -leucine B-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Ultrastructure O -of O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -isolated O -from O -Thermoplasma O -acidophilum O -. O - -aps B-category -Negative O -staining O -of O -the O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -revealed O -long O -, O -ribbon O -- O -like O -structures O -with O -some O -branching O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -the O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -with O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -resulted O -in O -the O -dissociation O -of O -the O -ribbon O -- O -like O -structures O -to O -spherical O -- O -and O -vesicular O -- O -shaped O -particles O -and O -some O -short O -, O -rodlike O -structures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -was O -sensitive O -to O -inhibition O -by O -agents O -that O -affect O -electron O -transport O -, O -such O -as O -lack O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -cyanide O -, O -and O -heptylhydroxyquinoline O -- O -N O -- O -oxide O -, O -and O -by O -agents O -that O -affect O -ATP O -utilization O -, O -such O -as O -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide O -and O -arsenate O -. O - -aps B-category -Uncer O -anaerobic O -conditions O -, O -the O -uptake O -of O -approximately O -1 O -eg O -to O -H O -+ O -per O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -uptake O -was O -maximal O -in O -KC1 O -, O -but O -was O -also O -stimulated O -by O -MgC12 O -or O -CaC12 O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -Peptide O -Y O -with O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -released O -three O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -from O -the O -COOH O -- O -terminal O -end O -and O -resulted O -in O -a O -tetradecapeptide O -( O -Peptide O -M O -) O -which O -was O -also O -encephalitogenic O -in O -the O -rhesus O -monkey O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -the O -distribution O -of O -subtypes O -ad O -and O -ay O -among O -sera O -from O -hepatitis O -B O -antigen O -- O -positive O -subjects O -in O -North O -West O -England O -and O -North O -Wales O -revealed O -a O -marked O -contrast B-Chemical -between O -symptomless O -carriers O -among O -whom O -ad O -predominated O -and O -patients O -with O -acute O -hepatitis O -the O -majority O -of O -whom O -were O -ay O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -immunization O -of O -Buffalo O -strain O -( O -BUF O -) O -rats O -with O -rat O -thyroid O -extract O -and O -Bordetella O -pertussis B-Chemical -vaccine I-Chemical -without O -complete O -Freund O -' O -s O -adjuvant O -resulted O -in O -experimental O -autoimmune O -thyroiditis O -( O -EAT O -) O -in O -90 O -% O -of O -the O -rats O -by O -the O -10th O -day O -after O -immunization O -. O - -aps B-category -Dissociation O -of O -the O -immunologic O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -slow O -reacting O -substance O -of O -anaphylaxis O -from O -human O -lung O -using O -cytochalasins O -A O -and O -B O -- O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cytochalasins O -appeared O -to O -be O -more O -effective O -when O -present O -during O -the O -antigen O -- O -dependent O -activation O -phase O -of O -mediator O -release O -rather O -than O -during O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -release O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunologic O -and O -biochemical O -properties O -of O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitizing I-Chemical -factor O -from O -Bordetella O -pertussis O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -preparation O -of O -HSF O -also O -contained O -leukocytosis O -- O -promoting O -activity O -and O -adjuvant O -activity O -for O -reaginic O -and O -hemagglutinating O -antibodiesl O -Digestion O -of O -this O -extract O -with O -pronase O -or O -trypsin O -partially O -destroyed O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitizing I-Chemical -activity O -, O -leukocytosis O -- O -promoting O -activity O -, O -and O -adjuvant O -activity O -for O -reaginic O -antibody O -, O -but O -did O -not O -affect O -adjuvant O -activity O -for O -hemagglutinating O -antibody O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -availability O -of O -a O -patient O -with O -basophilic O -leukemia O -manifesting O -75 O -to O -90 O -% O -mature O -basophils O -permitted O -the O -use O -of O -a O -cell O -concentration O -sufficient O -to O -generate O -and O -release O -mediators O -upon O -interaction O -with O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -ionophore O -in O -quantities O -adequate O -for O -their O -physiocochemical O -characterization O -. O - -aps B-category -Dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -suppressed O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -SRS O -- O -A O -, O -indicating O -that O -their O -availability O -was O -under O -a O -control O -similar O -to O -that O -observed O -with O -normal O -cells O -subjected O -to O -immunologic O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -the O -ocular O -effects O -of O -circulating O -endotoxin O -and O -immune O -complexes O -: O -role O -of O -vasoactive O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Immunologic O -properties O -of O -bacterial O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -( O -LPS O -) O -: O -correlation O -between O -the O -mitogenic O -, O -adjuvant O -, O -and O -immunogenic O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -sustained O -and O -prolonged O -plaque O -- O -forming O -cell O -response O -that O -was O -observed O -in O -mice O -whose O -spleen O -cells O -were O -also O -responsive O -to O -LPS O -- O -induced O -mitogenesis O -, O -the O -response O -was O -relatively O -transient O -in O -the O -C3H O -/ O -HeJ O -strain O -. O - -aps B-category -Reaginic O -antibodies O -to O -DNP O -and O -ovalbumin O -were O -indcued O -readily O -in O -B6D2F1 O -mice O -by O -a O -single O -intraperitoneal O -injection O -of O -1 O -mug O -of O -DNP O -- O -ovalbumin O -suspended O -with O -1 O -mg O -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxide O -in O -0 O -. O -5 O -ml O -of O -saline O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chemotactic O -factor O -inactivator O -( O -CFI O -) O -has O -been O -isolated O -from O -whole O -human O -serum O -by O -a O -combination O -of O -techniques O -including O -salt B-Chemical -precipitation O -, O -anionic O -exchange O -, O -and O -gel O -filtration O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -nucleosides B-Chemical -coupled O -covalently O -to O -the O -copolymer O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -D O -- O -lysine O -( O -D O -- O -GL O -) O -or O -to O -its O -stereoisomer O -, O -L O -- O -GL O -, O -induces O -a O -state O -of O -nucleoside B-Chemical -( O -NUC O -) O -- O -specific O -tolerance O -in O -inbred O -SJL O -and O -BALB O -/ O -c O -mice O -, O -irrespective O -of O -their O -immune O -status O -at O -the O -time O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Concanavalin O -A O -( O -Con O -A O -) O -activates O -human O -basophils O -to O -release O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -a O -close O -correlation O -exists O -between O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -induced O -by O -Con O -A O -and O -anti O -- O -IgE O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -a O -molar O -basis O -, O -IgE O -is O -4000 O -- O -fold O -more O -active O -than O -alpha O -- O -methyl O -- O -D O -- O -mannoside O -in O -inhibiting O -the O -Con O -A O -- O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -antigen O -has O -been O -isolated O -from O -a O -human O -signet O -- O -ring O -cell O -carcinoma O -serially O -growing O -in O -hamsters O -, O -GW O -- O -39 O -, O -by O -saline O -, O -PCA O -, O -or O -phenol B-Chemical -extraction O -, O -and O -has O -been O -found O -immunologically O -identical O -to O -a O -similarly O -extracted O -substance O -in O -normal O -human O -or O -hamster O -colon O -. O - -aps B-category -Complement O -- O -mediated O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -from O -human O -leukocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -appears O -that O -both O -complement O -- O -mediated O -and O -allergen O -- O -mediated O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -from O -basophils O -are O -secretory O -, O -non O -- O -cytolytic O -pathways O -since O -both O -were O -maximal O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -, O -required O -the O -presence O -of O -divalent O -cations O -, O -and O -were O -inhibited O -by O -theophylline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Application O -of O -the O -paired O -label O -radioantibody O -technique O -to O -detection O -and O -subtyping O -of O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -monospecific O -rabbit O -antibodies O -directed O -to O -either O -w O -or O -r O -determinant O -, O -labeled O -with O -131I O -and O -125I O -, O -respectively O -, O -by O -HBsAg B-Chemical -was O -determined O -in O -the O -same O -experiment O -, O -taking O -advantage O -of O -the O -fact O -that O -these O -specificities O -are O -in O -general O -, O -expressed O -mutually O -exclusively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ratio O -for O -seven O -sera O -containing O -HBsAg B-Chemical -with O -w O -determinant O -was O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -1 O -, O -and O -that O -for O -34 O -with O -r O -determinant O -was O -more O -than O -10 O -; O -100 O -- O -fold O -difference O -was O -noted O -between O -values O -of O -w O -and O -r O -antigens O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diisopropylfluorophosphate B-Chemical -inhibitable O -step O -in O -antigen O -- O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -human O -leukocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -ethylenediaminetetraacetate O -( O -EDTA O -) O -and O -2 O -deoxyglucose O -( O -2DG O -) O -still O -inhibit O -the O -reactions O -when O -added O -5 O -min O -after O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -priming O -at O -0 O -degrees O -C O -is O -at O -least O -equivalent O -to O -priming O -for O -2 O -to O -4 O -min O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -During O -antigen O -priming O -at O -0 O -degrees O -C O -the O -cells O -are O -not O -activated O -beyond O -the O -step O -in O -the O -release O -sequence O -which O -is O -inhibited O -by O -diisopropylfluorophosphate B-Chemical -( O -DFP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -leukocytes O -with O -specific O -antigen O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -for O -3 O -min O -resulted O -in O -significant O -but O -not O -quite O -complete O -priming O -for O -subsequent O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -leukocytes O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -with O -DFP O -but O -without O -antigen O -for O -up O -to O -15 O -min O -followed O -by O -washing O -did O -not O -impair O -subsequent O -antigen O -- O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -by O -these O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Localization O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -on O -the O -plasmalemma O -of O -rabbit O -sperm O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -enhanced O -binding O -of O -ferritin O -was O -demonstrated O -if O -washed O -sperm O -were O -pre O -- O -incubated O -in O -PGE1 B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatocarcinogenesis O -by O -diethylnitrosamine B-Chemical -in O -rats O -fed O -high O -dietary O -levels O -of O -lipotropes O -. O - -aps B-category -Choline O -, O -betaine B-Chemical -, O -and O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -consistently O -exerted O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -those O -mean O -survival O -times O -. O - -aps B-category -Dimethylthetin O -( O -sulfur O -analogue O -of O -betaine B-Chemical -) O -, O -methotrexate B-Chemical -, O -lecithin O -, O -and O -cephalin O -exerted O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -carcinogenic O -activity O -of O -DENA O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -solitary O -neoplasm O -was O -located O -in O -the O -glandular O -stomach O -of O -a O -25 O -. O -5 O -- O -month O -- O -old O -animal O -that O -had O -ingested O -for O -12 O -months O -laboratory O -chow O -to O -which O -arecoline O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -[ O -Ca O -( O -OH O -) O -2 O -] O -had O -been O -added O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -infected O -cells O -with O -cytosine B-Chemical -arabinoside I-Chemical -( O -ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -) O -, O -which O -inhibited O -the O -synthesis O -of O -HSV O -- O -1 O -DNA O -beyond O -the O -level O -of O -detection O -, O -markedly O -affected O -the O -types O -and O -amounts O -of O -viral O -proteins O -made O -in O -the O -infected O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -it O -was O -shown O -that O -the O -effect O -of O -ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -on O -late O -protein O -synthesis O -was O -dependent O -upon O -the O -time O -after O -infection O -that O -the O -drug O -was O -added O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -shown O -by O -the O -rate O -of O -decrease O -of O -radioactive O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -viral O -proteins O -after O -the O -addition O -of O -actinomycin O -, O -the O -average O -lifetime O -of O -early O -viral O -mRNA O -' O -s O -are O -shorter O -than O -those O -for O -the O -late O -messenger O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -50 O -to O -60S O -viral O -RNA O -had O -a O -guanine O -plus O -cytosine B-Chemical -content O -of O -56 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparative O -data O -on O -the O -use O -of O -Muller O -' O -s O -medium O -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -medium O -for O -the O -demonstration O -of O -Salmonella O -in O -food O -products O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Study O -of O -indices O -of O -gastric O -secretion O -by O -use O -of O -the O -intravenous O -histamine B-Chemical -infusion O -test O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Determination O -of O -higher O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -blood O -serum O -by O -the O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -method O -and O -use O -of O -diazomethane O -for O -their O -methylation O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -observed O -to O -be O -large O -molecular O -( O -approximate O -molecular O -sizes O -1 O -to O -2 O -times O -10 O -- O -6 O -) O -, O -and O -to O -be O -composed O -of O -fucose O -, O -galactose B-Chemical -, O -glucosamine O -, O -and O -galactosamine B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -small O -amounts O -of O -sialic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Nuclear O -HB O -Ag O -did O -not O -stain O -with O -aldehyde B-Chemical -fuchsin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -arterial O -and O -venous O -concentrations O -of O -ketone B-Chemical -bodies O -and O -other O -metabolites O -were O -measured O -in O -twelve O -adults O -, O -from O -2 O -to O -24 O -hours O -after O -injury O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -neuropathy O -was O -not O -noted O -in O -any O -of O -the O -fifty O -- O -six O -patients O -in O -this O -series O -who O -had O -no O -evidence O -of O -a O -monoclonal O -gammopathy O -( O -thirty O -- O -five O -with O -secondary O -and O -twenty O -- O -one O -with O -primary O -amyloidosis O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -body O -cholesterol B-Chemical -pool O -increases O -with O -decreasing O -plasma O -- O -high O -- O -density O -- O -lipoprotein O -( O -H O -. O -D O -. O -L O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -facilitates O -the O -uptake O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -from O -peripheral O -tissues O -and O -its O -transport O -to O -the O -liver O -for O -catabolism O -and O -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Calcium B-Chemical -balance O -in O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Body O -nitrogen B-Chemical -after O -trauma O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Neonatal O -hyperbilirubinaemia O -and O -oxytocin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Heterogeneity O -of O -calcitonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -White O -cells O -and O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -alcoholism O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -organism O -was O -responsible O -for O -both O -colonisation O -and O -invasive O -infection O -in O -these O -patients O -whose O -burn O -surfaces O -were O -receiving O -topical O -treatment O -with O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -silver B-Chemical -nitrate B-Chemical -( O -AgNO3 O -) O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -strains O -of O -S O -. O -typhimurium O -, O -isolated O -elsewhere O -and O -showing O -simultaneous O -resistance O -to O -both O -ampicillin B-Chemical -and O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -, O -were O -not O -resistant O -to O -AgNO3 O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -seven O -patients O -with O -advanced O -diffuse O -histiocytic O -lymphoma O -( O -reticulum O -- O -cell O -sarcoma O -) O -were O -treated O -with O -combination O -chemotherapy O -utilising O -nitrogen B-Chemical -mustard O -( O -or O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -) O -, O -procarbazine O -, O -vincristine B-Chemical -, O -and O -prednisone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Propranolol B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -arrhythmia O -only O -to O -the O -extent O -that O -is O -slowed O -the O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -Doctors O -, O -players O -and O -referees O -should O -be O -aware O -that O -severe O -sporting O -exertion O -as O -in O -rugby O -football O -involves O -a O -risk O -which O -for O -most O -players O -is O -relatively O -minor O -, O -but O -in O -the O -minority O -predisposed O -to O -heart O -- O -attacks O -by O -family O -history O -, O -smoking B-Chemical -, O -or O -age O -( O -as O -in O -referees O -) O -the O -risk O -is O -more O -serious O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Prednisone B-Chemical -in O -Duchenne O -muscular O -dystrophy O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Disulfiram B-Chemical -, O -carbon B-Chemical -disulphide O -, O -and O -atherosclerosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Prolonged O -excretion O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -in O -a O -patient O -with O -umimpaired O -renal O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Sequential O -oral O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -testing O -in O -a O -population O -has O -enabled O -the O -identification O -of O -14 O -" O -true O -prediabetic O -" O -subjects O -with O -baseline O -two O -- O -hour O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -levels O -smaller O -than O -160 O -mg O -. O -per O -100 O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -but O -one O -were O -matched O -for O -baseline O -two O -- O -hour O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -relative O -weight O -with O -a O -subject O -whose O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -remained O -unchanged O -during O -a O -mean O -follow O -- O -up O -period O -of O -4 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -phagocytes O -that O -had O -ingested O -gonococci O -were O -incubated O -with O -increasing O -concentrations O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -in O -fresh O -human O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Functional O -role O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -in O -infection O -and O -autoimmunity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -normal O -serum O -, O -only O -a O -fraction O -of O -the O -cholesterol B-Chemical -attached O -to O -lipoprotein O -is O -available O -for O -binding O -, O -probably O -as O -a O -cholesterol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -peptide I-Chemical -complex O -formed O -during O -catabolic O -breakdown O -of O -the O -lipoprotein O -. O - -aps B-category -Endogenous O -esterase O -similarly O -increases O -the O -amount O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -peptide I-Chemical -complex O -, O -a O -mechanism O -which O -may O -be O -activated O -as O -a O -feedback O -process O -following O -binding O -of O -toxin O -to O -the O -cholesterol B-Chemical -component O -of O -the O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Arthralgia O -after O -high O -- O -dose O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Intravenous O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -and O -oxytocin B-Chemical -for O -mid O -- O -trimester O -abortion O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Discrepancy O -between O -solution O -and O -bioavailability O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -tablets O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Hepanosticon O -in O -screening O -for O -HBsAg B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Fluorouracil I-Chemical -and O -angina O -. O - -aps B-category -also O -reacted O -with O -thymidine B-Chemical -, O -a O -base O -present O -in O -D O -. O -N O -. O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -Urine O -specimens O -from O -1778 O -mentally O -retarded O -patients O -and O -420 O -age O -and O -sex O -matched O -non O -- O -retarded O -controls O -selected O -from O -a O -general O -practice O -have O -been O -analysed O -for O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -organic O -acids O -by O -a O -quantitative O -extraction O -and O -gas O -chromatographic O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -potassium I-Chemical -levels O -in O -leukaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Prednisone B-Chemical -in O -Duchenne O -muscular O -dystrophy O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Pimozide B-Chemical -in O -monosymptomatic O -psychosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Effect O -of O -Bordetella O -pertussis B-Chemical -vaccine I-Chemical -on O -growth O -of O -hepatoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Cocaine B-Chemical -, O -kindling O -, O -and O -reverse O -tolerance O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Neurotoxicity O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Natural O -oestrogens B-Chemical -and O -antithrombin O -- O -III O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -DIC O -- O -fibrinolysis O -with O -low O -antithrombin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -heparin I-Chemical -cofactor O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -AMP O -, O -GMP O -, O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -and O -bronchial O -asthma O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Partial O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -of O -rabbit O -beta2 O -- O -microglobulin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -BTX O -was O -studied O -in O -cat O -sciatic O -nerves O -in O -vitro O -by O -measuring O -the O -rate O -of O -the O -crest O -outflow O -after O -injection O -of O -the O -L7 O -dorsal O -root O -ganglion O -with O -[ O -3 O -- O -H O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -High O -concentrations O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -protected O -against O -the O -blocking O -action O -of O -BTX O -, O -while O -magnesium B-Chemical -ion O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -ascitic O -forms O -of O -two O -antigenically O -distinct O -guinea O -pig O -hepatomas O -induced O -by O -diethylnitrosamine B-Chemical -are O -treated O -in O -vitro O -with O -chemotherapeutic O -drugs O -, O -their O -sensitivity O -to O -killing O -by O -xenogeneic O -antibody O -plus O -guinea O -pig O -complement O -increases O -. O - -aps B-category -Semithin O -sections O -are O -directly O -stained O -for O -1 O -hour O -at O -60C O -with O -saturated O -Sudan O -black O -B O -in O -70 O -% O -ethanol B-Chemical -without O -removing O -the O -embedding O -resin O -. O - -aps B-category -Staining O -of O -protein O -in O -sections O -using O -the O -mercuric O -bromphenol O -blue O -technic O -is O -improved O -by O -staining O -with O -1 O -% O -HgCl2 O -and O -0 O -. O -05 O -% O -bromphenol O -blue O -in O -2 O -% O -aqueous O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -for O -15 O -min O -at O -room O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -Blot O -and O -give O -2 O -fast O -changes O -in O -absolute O -ethanol B-Chemical -with O -agitation O -before O -transferring O -to O -xylene O -. O - -aps B-category -Suppression O -of O -connective O -tissue O -impregnation O -in O -a O -silver B-Chemical -technique O -for O -demonstrating O -nerve O -fibers O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -are O -fixed O -for O -30 O -minutes O -in O -formol O -- O -sublimate O -( O -10 O -% O -formalin B-Chemical -saturated O -with O -mercuric O -chloride B-Chemical -) O -and O -then O -placed O -into O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -iodine B-Chemical -in O -70 O -% O -alcohol B-Chemical -for O -5 O -minutes O -followed O -by O -bleaching O -in O -2 O -. O -5 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -thiosulfate O -for O -2 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -air O -drying O -step O -was O -omitted O -; O -the O -sections O -were O -fixed O -in O -formalin B-Chemical -without O -mercuric O -chloride B-Chemical -; O -and O -the O -formol O -- O -sublimate O -fixation O -time O -was O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -Novikoff O -hepatoma O -, O -rat O -liver O -, O -and O -human O -colon O -and O -skin O -samples O -were O -fixed O -in O -Bouin O -' O -s O -, O -stained O -with O -iron B-Chemical -hematoxylin B-Chemical -, O -treated O -with O -Herr O -' O -s O -4 O -1 O -/ O -2 O -clearing O -fluid O -and O -examined O -by O -phase O -contrast B-Chemical -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Therapeutic O -fractions O -were O -obtained O -by O -fractionating O -human O -plasma O -containing O -HBs O -antigen O -, O -by O -the O -Cohn O -ethanol B-Chemical -technique O -modified O -by O -Nitschmann O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -clinical O -and O -serologic O -variants O -of O -SLE O -are O -recognized O -including O -discoid O -lupus O -erythematosus O -( O -DLE O -) O -, O -mixed O -connective O -tissue O -disease O -( O -MCTD O -) O -and O -drug O -- O -induced O -equivalents O -- O -such O -as O -procainamide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -lupus O -( O -PIL O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Inorder O -to O -study O -the O -relationship O -between O -epidermal O -surface O -saccharides O -and O -pemphigus O -antigen O -( O -s O -) O -, O -fluorescein B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labelled I-Chemical -Concanavalin O -A O -( O -Con O -A O -) O -and O -Phytohemagglutinin O -- O -P O -( O -PHA O -- O -P O -) O -were O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Normal O -human O -skin O -reacted O -with O -pemphigus O -antibody O -and O -pemphigus O -skin O -with O -the O -deposition O -of O -IgG O -both O -gave O -a O -positive O -intercellular O -staining O -pattern O -with O -fluorescein B-Chemical -labelled O -phytohemagglutinins O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -clearance O -values O -were O -43 O -and O -45 O -% O -, O -respectively O -, O -of O -the O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -in O -the O -two O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fine O -structure O -of O -the O -subcutaneous O -lymphatic O -vessel O -taken O -from O -the O -dorsum O -pedis O -of O -the O -human O -adult O -was O -investigated O -without O -and O -after O -impregnation O -by O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -methenamine O -silver B-Chemical -( O -PAM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -contraceptive O -progestins B-Chemical -and O -related O -compounds O -with O -the O -oestrogen B-Chemical -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduction O -of O -oestrogen B-Chemical -binding O -appeared O -to O -be O -dose O -- O -dependent O -, O -but O -the O -dose O -required O -to O -obtain O -a O -certain O -effect O -for O -the O -uterus O -was O -four O -times O -as O -high O -as O -for O -the O -pituitary O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -contraceptive O -progestins B-Chemical -and O -related O -compounds O -with O -the O -oestrogen B-Chemical -receptor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -contraceptive O -progestins B-Chemical -of O -the O -19 O -- O -nortestosterone O -series O -were O -able O -to O -interfere O -with O -oestradiol O -binding O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -hydroxyprogesterone O -derivatives O -chlormadinone O -, O -medroxyprogesterone O -and O -megestrol O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthetic O -gestagens O -were O -administered O -orally O -or O -intramuscularly O -during O -25 O -early O -pregnancies O -in O -order O -to O -determine O -their O -effects O -, O -if O -any O -, O -on O -the O -peripheral O -plasma O -levels O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -and O -estradiol B-Chemical -, O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -possibility O -of O -their O -inducing O -vaginal O -bleeding O -and O -abortion O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -remaining O -23 O -pregnancies O -, O -no O -vaginal O -bleeding O -or O -abortion O -occurred O -within O -about O -a O -week O -of O -treatment O -, O -and O -gestagens O -had O -no O -consistent O -effect O -upon O -progesterone B-Chemical -or O -estradiol B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -, O -easily O -reproducible O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Schiff I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -light I-Chemical -green O -stain O -( O -PAS O -- O -LG O -) O -for O -the O -detection O -of O -glomerular O -protein O -deposits O -by O -routine O -light O -microscopy O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -least O -two O -of O -the O -patients O -were O -abstinent O -from O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -both O -prior O -to O -and O -after O -the O -surgical O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -conclude O -that O -these O -cases O -of O -progressive O -hepatic O -disease O -with O -histologic O -changes O -simulating O -those O -found O -in O -livers O -of O -alcoholic O -patients O -offer O -evidence O -that O -heavy O -alcohol B-Chemical -consumption O -may O -affect O -the O -liver O -in O -an O -indirect O -fashion O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -series O -of O -78 O -cases O -of O -acute O -lymphocytic O -leukemia O -, O -seven O -were O -found O -to O -demonstrate O -blast O -cells O -staining O -strongly O -for O -both O -the O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Schiff I-Chemical -reaction O -and O -alpha O -- O -naphthyl O -acetate O -esterase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oral O -administration O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -paradoxically O -increased O -whereas O -the O -intravenous O -administration O -decreased O -plasma O -glucagon O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -short O -- O -and O -long O -- O -term O -administration O -of O -alpha O -adrenergic O -blockade O -depressed O -the O -glucagon O -response O -to O -epinephrine B-Chemical -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -( O -1 O -) O -the O -tumor O -was O -responsive O -to O -physiologic O -stimuli O -known O -to O -affect O -glucagon O -secretion O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -elevations O -of O -plasma O -glucagon O -levels O -with O -oral O -and O -dietary O -glucose B-Chemical -suggest O -regulation O -of O -secretion O -by O -intestinal O -factors O -; O -and O -( O -3 O -) O -improvement O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -with O -alpha O -adrenergic O -blockade O -may O -be O -related O -to O -increased O -insulin O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -compared O -two O -methods O -for O -serum O -thyroxine B-Chemical -measurement O -by O -competitive O -protein O -binding O -- O -the O -Murphy O -and O -Pattee O -and O -the O -Seligson O -and O -Seligson O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -plus O -or O -minus O -0 O -. O -28 O -ug O -/ O -dl O -, O -and O -98 O -. O -3 O -per O -cent O -of O -added O -thyroxine B-Chemical -is O -recovered O -in O -the O -Seligson O -and O -Seligson O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -blind O -study O -was O -done O -in O -402 O -endometrial O -biopsies O -of O -women O -who O -had O -intrauterine O -devices O -releasing O -different O -daily O -amounts O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -or O -a O -placebo O -( O -empty O -device O -) O -: O -175 O -were O -obtained O -in O -what O -presumably O -was O -the O -proliferative O -phase O -and O -227 O -in O -the O -secretory O -stage O -, O -as O -all O -these O -subjects O -were O -normal O -, O -healthy O -women O -with O -a O -history O -of O -previous O -fertility O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -significance O -of O -these O -data O -is O -discussed O -on O -the O -grounds O -of O -the O -frequent O -similarities O -of O -the O -changes O -here O -reported O -with O -those O -in O -women O -using O -combined O -oral O -steroids B-Chemical -for O -contraception O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -degrees O -of O -conduction O -defects O -occurred O -in O -17 O -of O -21 O -observations O -before O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -They O -could O -also O -be O -due O -to O -an O -increased O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -fetal O -myocardium O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -under O -hypoxic O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -the O -study O -population O -revealed O -that O -there O -were O -more O -women O -than O -men O -, O -( O -26 O -vs O -. O -17 O -) O -, O -the O -women O -were O -older O -than O -the O -men O -, O -and O -more O -women O -had O -positive O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -tests O -( O -25 O -% O -vs O -. O -0 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Regional O -and O -cellular O -distribution O -of O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -14C I-Chemical -in O -mouse O -brain O -was O -determined O -by O -frozen O -- O -section O -radioautographic O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -WRL O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -55 O -per O -cent O -higher O -in O -large O -pyramidal O -cells O -in O -the O -parietal O -cortex O -than O -in O -surrounding O -neuropil O -. O - -aps B-category -Lipid O -- O -rich O -compartments O -had O -higher O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -concentrations O -at O -WRR O -than O -at O -WRL O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -Key O -words O -: O -Brain O -, O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -uptake O -; O -hypnotics O -, O -barbiturates O -, O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -; O -pharmacokinetics O -, O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Repeated O -oral O -administration O -of O -coumaphos O -in O -sheep O -: O -interactions O -of O -coumaphos O -with O -bishydroxycoumarin O -, O -trichlorfon O -, O -and O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -daily O -dose O -of O -2 O -mg O -of O -coumaphos O -/ O -kg O -of O -body O -weight O -for O -6 O -days O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -plasma O -enzymes O -or O -the O -antiprothrombinemic O -effect O -of O -bishydroxy B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -coumarin I-Chemical -in O -wethers O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -wish O -to O -determine O -what O -cellular O -and O -functional O -alterations O -are O -associated O -with O -the O -development O -of O -glomeruloscierosis O -when O -rats O -with O -one O -kidney O -are O -fed O -an O -excess O -of O -salt B-Chemical -or O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Reaction O -of O -cultured O -adult O -and O -fetal O -lung O -to O -prednisolone B-Chemical -and O -thyroxine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Prednisolone B-Chemical -accelerated O -uptake O -of O -lipid O -precursor O -and O -decelerated O -DNA O -synthesis O -; O -thyroxine B-Chemical -treated O -explants O -were O -not O -different O -from O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -cultures O -of O -fetal O -lung O -exhibited O -maturation O -with O -appearance O -of O -lamellar O -bodies O -only O -when O -prednisolone B-Chemical -was O -administered O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ultracytochemistry O -showed O -that O -the O -secretion O -granules O -of O -all O -morphological O -types O -of O -the O -endocrine O -cells O -were O -precipitated O -with O -both O -the O -argyrophil O -and O -argentaffin O -silver B-Chemical -grains O -in O -varying O -intensity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -endocrine O -cells O -containing O -pleomorphic O -secretion O -granules O -were O -heavily O -precipitated O -with O -both O -the O -argyrophil O -and O -argentaffin O -silver B-Chemical -grains O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -normoblasts O -from O -patients O -with O -chronic O -erythremic O -myelosis O -were O -stained O -with O -the O -anthraquinone B-Chemical -dye O -, O -alizarine O -red O -S O -, O -a O -purple O -perinuclear O -halo O -appeared O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyaluronic O -acid O -( O -4 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -) O -augmented O -elevenfold O -the O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -catalyzed I-Chemical -( O -7 O -muM O -) O -thermal O -( O -63 O -degrees O -C O -, O -2 O -hours O -) O -aggregation O -of O -human O -gamma O -globulin O -( O -2 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -) O -in O -0 O -. O -075 O -M O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -, O -pH O -7 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyaluronate O -- O -augmented O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -catalyzed I-Chemical -thermal O -aggregation O -was O -inhibited O -by O -L O -- O -histidine O -, O -gold B-Chemical -thiomalate O -, O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -, O -p O -- O -chloromercuribenzoic O -acid O -, O -and O -ethylenediaminetetraacetic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -extracts O -of O -rat O -tissues O -on O -the O -action O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -with O -Peak O -A O -or O -B O -caused O -loss O -of O -the O -ability O -of O -the O -antibiotic O -to O -degrade O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -histochemical O -stain O -for O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -activity O -( O -alpha O -- O -naphthyl O -acid O -phosphate B-Chemical -coupled O -with O -Fast O -Blue O -RR O -) O -specifically O -stained O -the O -precipitin O -line O -. O - -aps B-category -Iron B-Chemical -storage O -macrophages O -do O -not O -incorporate O -the O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -structural O -organization O -of O -the O -adrenergic O -( O -sympathetic O -) O -component O -of O -the O -autonomic O -innervation O -of O -the O -depressor O -zone O -of O -the O -cat O -aortic O -arch O -was O -studied O -by O -luminescence O -microscopy O -of O -the O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Small O -amounts O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -stimulate O -rapid O -axonal O -transport O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -ligation O -and O -colchicine O -treatment O -on O -the O -axonal O -transport O -of O -slowly O -migrating O -[ O -3H O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labelled I-Chemical -proteins O -was O -studied O -in O -the O -vagus O -nerve O -of O -the O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -Transport O -of O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -and O -acetylcholinesterase O -in O -the O -central O -stump O -and O -isolated O -segments O -of O -a O -peripheral O -nerve O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -ChAc O -, O -the O -transport O -of O -AChE O -is O -fast O -, O -bidirectional O -, O -and O -concerns O -a O -minor O -proportion O -of O -enzyme O -in O -the O -nerve O -; O -the O -transported O -enzyme O -is O -associated O -with O -organelles O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -yeast O -extract O -as O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -( O -5 O -g O -/ O -liter O -) O -and O -ammonium B-Chemical -nitrate B-Chemical -( O -1 O -g O -/ O -liter O -) O -as O -the O -nitrogen B-Chemical -source O -, O -both O -Rhizopus O -arrhizus O -and O -Penicillium O -notatum O -degraded O -the O -insecticide O -to O -a O -larger O -extent O -than O -with O -any O -other O -combination O -of O -nutrients O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -source O -during O -growth O -on O -sensitivity O -of O -Pseudomonas O -fluorescens O -to O -actinomycin O -D O -. O - -aps B-category -Growth O -is O -inhibited O -in O -succinate O -minimal O -medium O -by O -much O -lower O -concentrations O -of O -AD O -than O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -minimal O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -EDTA O -treatment O -promotes O -increased O -sensitivity O -to O -AD O -in O -succinate O -- O -grown O -cells O -but O -does O -not O -alter O -sensitivity O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -grown I-Chemical -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -grown I-Chemical -cells O -had O -much O -higher O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -levels O -in O -the O -envelope O -than O -succinate O -- O -grown O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -modified O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -staining O -procedure O -was O -used O -to O -examine O -the O -fine O -structure O -of O -capsule O -and O -slime O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -an O -evaluation O -of O -indium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -111 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bleomycin I-Chemical -as O -a O -tumor O -- O -imaging O -agent O -, O -357 O -whole O -- O -body O -tumor O -scans O -were O -performed O -in O -293 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -19 O -patients O -with O -multiple O -myeloma O -or O -leukemia O -, O -a O -pattern O -of O -diminished O -bone O -marrow O -uptake O -associated O -with O -abnormal O -accumulation O -of O -111In B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bleomycin I-Chemical -in O -extramedullary O -sites O -of O -involvement O -was O -the O -rule O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -conclude O -that O -111In B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bleomycin I-Chemical -is O -a O -safe O -, O -effective O -, O -and O -useful O -new O -tumor O -- O -imaging O -agent O -in O -the O -initial O -staging O -and O -followup O -of O -patients O -with O -a O -variety O -of O -solid O -tumors O -. O - -aps B-category -Exposure O -of O -human O -leukemic O -lymphoblasts O -in O -suspension O -cultures O -to O -low O -concentrations O -of O -vinblastine O -and O -vincristine B-Chemical -results O -in O -alterations O -in O -cell O -shape O -and O -leads O -to O -the O -formation O -and O -release O -of O -a O -large O -number O -of O -membrane O -- O -lined O -vesicles O -from O -the O -cytoplasm O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -relation O -of O -this O -phenomenon O -to O -vinblastine O -- O -and O -vincristine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -cytotoxicity O -, O -spherocytosis O -, O -and O -thrombocytosis O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -conventional O -negative O -staining O -procedures O -using O -neutral O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphotungstate O -, O -both O -murine O -mammary O -tumor O -virus O -and O -murine O -leukemia O -virus O -appeared O -in O -head O -- O -and O -- O -tail O -forms O -, O -with O -a O -peak O -head O -diameter O -of O -122 O -and O -130 O -nm O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -particulates O -have O -an O -RNA O -- O -directed O -DNA O -polymerase O -, O -a O -60 O -to O -70 O -S O -RNA O -, O -and O -a O -density O -of O -1 O -. O -26 O -g O -/ O -ml O -or O -greater O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -equilibrium O -density O -gradients O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -1 O -percent O -of O -154 O -patients O -with O -nonmalignant O -, O -nonhepatic O -gastrointestinal O -disease O -had O -elevations O -of O -serum O -alpha O -- O -fetoprotein O -. O - -aps B-category -Sinus O -tachycardia O -, O -atrioventricular O -conduction O -block O -, O -increased O -ventricular O -automaticity O -, O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -were O -characteristic O -features O -of O -cardiac O -anaphylaxis O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -allocation O -of O -all O -the O -patients O -to O -seven O -medical O -and O -four O -surgical O -diagnostic O -categories O -by O -means O -of O -four O -tests O -( O -aminotransferase O -, O -alkaline O -phosphatases O -, O -prothrombin O -time O -, O -and O -bilirubin B-Chemical -) O -was O -significantly O -improved O -by O -each O -step O -with O -a O -misclassification O -rate O -of O -55 O -% O -when O -all O -tests O -were O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Droplet O -fractions O -were O -analyzed O -for O -zinc B-Chemical -by O -the O -present O -method O -, O -for O -enzyme O -activity O -, O -and O -for O -protein O -content O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -precision O -of O -the O -method O -for O -zinc B-Chemical -was O -demonstrated O -by O -the O -coefficient O -of O -variation O -of O -4 O -. O -4 O -percent O -for O -10 O -mug O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -per O -liter O -. O - -aps B-category -Time O -course O -of O -development O -of O -supersensitivity O -to O -topical O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -in O -partially O -isolated O -cortex O -. O - -aps B-category -Spontaneous O -and O -evoked O -cortical O -electrical O -activity O -of O -the O -post O -- O -central O -gyrus O -was O -studied O -in O -5 O -unparalyzed O -, O -unanesthetized O -monkeys O -during O -slow O -- O -wave O -sleep O -( O -SWS O -) O -and O -wakefulness O -( O -W O -) O -, O -before O -and O -after O -the O -administration O -of O -a O -muscarinic O -anticholinergic O -agents O -, O -hyoscine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Short O -episodes O -of O -EEG O -desynchronization O -were O -noted O -in O -the O -alert O -state O -after O -hyoscine B-Chemical -suggesting O -the O -existence O -of O -a O -phasic O -activating O -system O -unblocked O -by O -hyoscine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -methods O -, O -such O -as O -passing O -polarizing O -currents O -, O -intravenous O -injection O -and O -topical O -application O -of O -strychnine B-Chemical -, O -were O -used O -to O -alter O -the O -state O -of O -cortical O -excitation O -in O -order O -to O -induce O -a O -change O -in O -tangential O -transmission O -; O -none O -was O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -, O -in O -electromyography O -, O -of O -platinum B-Chemical -wire O -electrodes O -required O -a O -knowledge O -of O -the O -electrical O -characteristics O -of O -these O -electrodes O -in O -the O -frequency O -range O -of O -the O -myoelectric O -signal O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -both O -atropine B-Chemical -and O -physostigmine B-Chemical -produce O -alterations O -in O -EEG O -frequency O -spectra O -which O -are O -clearly O -distinct O -from O -those O -patterns O -associated O -with O -the O -sleep O -- O -waking O -cycle O -and O -thus O -neither O -compound O -results O -in O -what O -has O -been O -characterized O -as O -an O -" O -EEG O -- O -behavioral O -dissociation O -" O -. O - -aps B-category -Procaine O -HCl O -and O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -( O -DPH O -) O -increased O -the O -duration O -and O -propagation O -of O -epileptiform O -afterdischarges O -( O -ADs O -) O -produced O -by O -electrical O -stimulation O -of O -the O -amygdala O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -trigered O -a O -high O -frequency O -( O -20 O -- O -30 O -c O -/ O -sec O -) O -rhtthm O -in O -the O -amygdala O -, O -hippocampus O -and O -preoptic O -area O -. O - -aps B-category -Eighty O -percent O -of O -the O -procaine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -DPH O -- O -treated O -rats O -failed O -to O -respond O -with O -neocortical O -AD O -even O -at O -current O -levels O -as O -high O -as O -2000 O -muA O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -end O -of O -the O -recordings O -, O -patients O -had O -measurements O -of O -homovanillic O -acid O -( O -HVA O -) O -and O -5 O -Hydroxy O -- O -indol O -Acetic B-Chemical -Acid I-Chemical -( O -5HIAA O -) O -in O -CSF O -before O -and O -after O -Probenecid O -testing O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -human O -leukocytes O -when O -stimulated O -by O -Mycoplasma O -salivarium O -. O - -aps B-category -Spectrophotofluorometric O -detection O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -occurred O -at O -physiological O -temperature O -and O -pH O -independent O -of O -complement O -and O -specific O -antiserum O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -derivatives O -of O -phloretin O -of O -anaphylactic O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -human O -lung O -tissue O -and O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F2alpha O -- O -induced O -bronchoconstriction O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -with O -PPP O -of O -lung O -tissue O -sensitized O -both O -to O -birch O -pollen O -and O -horse O -dander O -counteracted O -to O -a O -similar O -extent O -the O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -induced O -by O -either O -allergen O -administered O -in O -sequence O -. O - -aps B-category -Except O -for O -the O -alpha O -- O -polypeptide O -, O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -contents O -of O -the O -polypeptides O -differed O -markedly O -from O -that O -of O -beta O -- O -lactoglobulin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -gamma O -- O -polypeptide O -has O -been O -tentatively O -identified O -as O -a O -12 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -fragment O -of O -beta O -- O -lactoglobulin O -( O -1 O -, O -372 O -daltons O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Immune O -response O -in O -the O -guinea O -pig O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -autologous I-Chemical -carrier O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -albumin O -and O -Ig O -were O -shown O -to O -fix O -firmly O -over O -95 O -% O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -antigenic O -recognition O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -involves O -the O -participation O -of O -lymphocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -incubation O -the O -copper B-Chemical -ferrocyanide O -reaction O -product O -was O -amplified O -with O -3 O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -diamino O -- O -benzidine O -according O -to O -Hanker O -et O -al O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -demonstration O -of O -arylsulfatases O -with O -4 O -- O -nitro O -- O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -benzenediol O -mono O -( O -hydrogen B-Chemical -sulfate O -) O -by O -the O -formation O -of O -osmium O -blacks O -at O -the O -sites O -of O -copper B-Chemical -capture O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -small O -amount O -of O -Hatchett O -' O -s O -brown O -( O -cupric O -ferrocyanide O -, O -Cu2Fe O -( O -CN O -) O -6 O -- O -7 O -H2O O -) O -formed O -at O -the O -subcellular O -sites O -of O -copper B-Chemical -capture O -is O -then O -utilized O -as O -a O -heterogeneous O -catalyst O -to O -effect O -the O -oxidative O -polymerization O -of O -3 O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -diaminobenzidine O -which O -results O -in O -the O -formation O -of O -an O -insoluble O -, O -highly O -colored O -osmiophilic O -indamine O -polymer O -at O -the O -sites O -of O -enzymatic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -were O -conducted O -after O -the O -tissue O -had O -been O -treated O -specifically O -for O -localized O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -( O -BA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uranyl O -and O -aluminium B-Chemical -ions O -followed O -by O -aniline O -blue O -black O -resulted O -in O -a O -highly O -selective O -nucleolar O -staining O -which O -proved O -also O -efficient O -in O -Allium O -cepa O -meristematic O -cells O -and O -which O -seems O -useful O -for O -the O -preferential O -demonstration O -of O -nucleolar O -material O -in O -thick O -sections O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphate O -- O -buffered O -aldehyde B-Chemical -fixatives O -, O -whether O -at O -neutral O -or O -low O -pH O -, O -fail O -to O -preserve O -stainable O -material O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -treated O -with O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -, O -Escherichia O -coli O -15T O -minus O -produces O -two O -new O -species O -( O -IV O -and O -V O -) O -of O -transfer O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -specific O -for O -phenylalanine O -in O -addition O -to O -the O -major O -normal O -species O -( O -II O -) O -and O -two O -minor O -normal O -species O -( O -I O -and O -III O -) O -, O -which O -are O -seen O -as O -distinct O -components O -upon O -fractionation O -by O -chromatography O -on O -columns O -of O -benzoylated O -diethylaminoethyl O -- O -cellulose O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -to O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -cells O -leads O -to O -the O -production O -of O -species O -V O -, O -and O -that O -production O -is O -blocked O -by O -rifampin B-Chemical -, O -as O -is O -the O -production O -of O -species O -IV O -. O - -aps B-category -Species O -V O -is O -still O -produced O -on O -addition O -of O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -to O -starved O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -Species O -V O -appears O -to O -be O -deficient O -in O -both O -isopentenyl O -and O -methylthio O -modifications O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -and O -perhaps O -at O -least O -one O -other O -modification O -, O -because O -removing O -the O -isopentenyl O -moiety O -from O -adenosine B-Chemical -does O -not O -convert O -species O -IV O -into O -species O -V O -, O -but O -converts O -it O -into O -species O -Va O -. O -A O -precursor O -relationship O -among O -species O -V O -, O -VI O -, O -and O -II O -is O -suggested O -by O -following O -the O -chromatographic O -profile O -of O -phenylalanine O -transfer O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -during O -recovery O -of O -E O -. O -coli O -from O -treatment O -with O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -; O -the O -various O -species O -increase O -and O -decrease O -in O -a O -sequential O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -Growth O -of O -streptomycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -mutants O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -K O -- O -12 O -was O -insensitive O -to O -valine O -when O -dihydrostreptomycin O -was O -present O -in O -a O -nonlimiting O -concentration O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salts I-Chemical -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Histones O -and O -histone O -fractions O -entered O -as O -quickly O -as O -other O -small O -proteins O -, O -but O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -these O -proteins O -, O -they O -accumulated O -in O -the O -nucleus O -to O -different O -extents O -, O -depending O -on O -the O -total O -amount O -of O -histone O -injected O -into O -the O -oocyte O -and O -the O -identity O -of O -the O -histone O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -administration O -of O -insulin O -or O -pyrogen O -, O -the O -concentration O -of O -plasma O -" O -betah O -- O -MSH O -" O -increases O -in O -parallel O -with O -that O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -and O -they O -are O -approximately O -equivalent O -on O -a O -molar O -basis O -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -oral O -doses O -of O -demethylchlortetracycline O -were O -administered O -to O -monkeys O -that O -received O -serial O -injections O -of O -lead B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -to O -intravitally O -stain O -calcification O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -Granule O -contents O -stained O -uniformly O -with O -acidified O -toluidine O -blue O -, O -but O -with O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -and O -Alcian O -Blue O -- O -safranin O -, O -two O -components O -were O -evident O -. O - -aps B-category -Immune O -specific O -production O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -by O -human O -T O -cells O -in O -combined O -macrophage O -- O -lymphocyte O -cultures O -in O -response O -to O -Herpes O -simplex O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interferon B-Chemical -produced O -by O -the O -combined O -macrophage O -- O -lymphocyte O -cultures O -was O -shown O -to O -depend O -upon O -the O -presence O -of O -T O -cells O -; O -elimination O -of O -these O -cells O -by O -treatment O -with O -an O -anti O -- O -T O -cell O -serum O -plus O -complement O -greatly O -diminished O -the O -amount O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -produced O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -results O -suggest O -that O -under O -our O -conditions O -of O -culture O -immune O -- O -specific O -interferon B-Chemical -originates O -from O -T O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -one O -- O -third O -of O -cells O -teased O -from O -late O -skin O -reactions O -formed O -specific O -rosettes O -as O -did O -nearly O -80 O -% O -of O -circulating O -basophils O -in O -animals O -receiving O -repeated O -doses O -of O -whole O -sheep O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -: O -effects O -of O -various O -conditions O -on O -rate O -of O -release O -and O -rate O -of O -cell O -desensitization O -. O - -aps B-category -Complement O -- O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -human O -basophils O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -can O -be O -divided O -into O -two O -steps O -: O -in O -the O -first O -, O -complement O -must O -be O -activated O -and O -in O -the O -second O -, O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -factor O -interacts O -with O -basophils O -. O - -aps B-category -Once O -generated O -, O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -liberating I-Chemical -activity O -is O -stable O -to O -heating O -at O -56 O -degrees O -C O -for O -30 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -- O -variant O -streptococcal O -antisera O -, O -known O -to O -contain O -pentapeptide O -antibodies O -as O -shown O -by O -quantitative O -precipitation O -, O -would O -bind O -more O -than O -95 O -% O -of O -the O -radiolabeled O -hapten O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -2 O -to O -3 O -% O -by O -preimmune O -rabbit O -sera O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -, O -the O -RTLA O -anti O -- O -serum O -had O -no O -anti O -- O -IgE O -activity O -, O -as O -demonstrated O -by O -its O -lack O -of O -reactivity O -with O -mast O -cells O -that O -were O -otherwise O -capable O -of O -releasing O -histamine B-Chemical -normally O -after O -challenge O -with O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -this O -technique O -, O -the O -association O -of O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ouabain I-Chemical -with O -rabbit O -ouabain B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -antibody O -was O -found O -to O -occur O -with O -a O -rate O -constant O -of O -0 O -. O -8 O -times O -10 O -- O -7 O -M O -- O -1 O -sec O -- O -1 O -, O -similar O -to O -association O -rates O -of O -dye O -haptens O -with O -antibodies O -of O -substantially O -lower O -affinity O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -inhibitor O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -was O -found O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -the O -human O -eosinophilic O -leukocyte O -. O - -aps B-category -Release O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -from O -human O -eosinophilic O -leukocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -active O -principle O -( O -s O -) O -in O -this O -eosinophil O -- O -derived O -inhibitor O -( O -EDI O -) O -was O -found O -to O -be O -a O -mixture O -of O -acidic O -lipids O -of O -similar O -physiocochemical O -behavior O -and O -biologic O -activity O -to O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -E1 O -and O -E2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -stimulation O -of O -human O -eosinophilic O -leukocytes O -results O -in O -synthesis O -and O -release O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -E1 O -and O -E2 O -from O -these O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -More O -severely O -damaged O -cells O -lose O -the O -stain O -entirely O -, O -at O -a O -stage O -of O -progressive O -cell O -damage O -correlated O -with O -Trypan B-Chemical -Blue I-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -excess O -prevalence O -of O -HBsAg B-Chemical -was O -observed O -in O -donors O -with O -the O -lowest O -level O -of O -education O -and O -in O -those O -with O -the O -highest O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Detection O -of O -HBsAg B-Chemical -was O -unrelated O -to O -ABO O -- O -Rh O -blood O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -DNP O -conjugates O -of O -synthetic O -polypeptide O -carriers O -containing O -as O -little O -as O -7 O -% O -tyrosine B-Chemical -strongly O -stimulated O -DNA O -synthesis O -in O -DNP O -- O -H37 O -immune O -PELs O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -Brown O -Norway O -( O -BN O -) O -rats O -, O -which O -lack O -the O -Ir O -- O -EAE O -gene O -, O -did O -not O -develop O -delayed O -skin O -tests O -to O -EF O -and O -their O -LNC O -were O -not O -stimulated O -and O -did O -not O -produce O -MIF O -when O -incubated O -in O -vitro O -with O -EF O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heavy O -chains O -of O -CBPC O -2 O -and O -T15 O -differ O -by O -only O -two O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -positions O -14 O -and O -16 O -) O -through O -the O -first O -hypervariable O -region O -. O - -aps B-category -SJL O -T O -cells O -were O -found O -to O -be O -incapable O -of O -producing O -such O -a O -cooperative O -factor O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -results O -previously O -obtained O -with O -C3H O -/ O -HeJ O -( O -low O -responders O -) O -and O -C3H O -. O -SW O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -Antigen O -- O -induced O -, O -IgE O -- O -mediated O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -from O -human O -basophiles O -is O -an O -in O -vitro O -model O -of O -allergic O -reacttions O -; O -it O -is O -blocked O -by O -extracellular O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -presumably O -as O -a O -result O -of O -its O -ability O -to O -increase O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cyclic O -AMP O -) O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phenothiazine O -antihistamines O -are O -10 O -- O -30 O -fold O -more O -potent O -inhibitors O -than O -the O -rest O -; O -other O -tricyclic O -antidepressant B-Chemical -drugs O -share O -this O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -H2 O -antihistamines O -block O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -and O -the O -increase O -in O -cyclic O -AMP O -levels O -, O -but O -neither O -cause O -nor O -inhibit O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunization O -of O -rabbits O -with O -carboxyfentanyl O -- O -bovine O -gamma O -- O -globulin O -conjugate O -induced O -antibodies O -of O -high O -titers O -capable O -of O -binding O -with O -fentanyl B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Serological O -cross O -- O -reactivity O -was O -observed O -only O -for O -chemicals O -representing O -various O -portions O -of O -the O -fentanyl B-Chemical -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -concentrations O -of O -fentanyl B-Chemical -, O -after O -administration O -of O -100 O -and O -21 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -/ O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -a O -single O -intravenous O -injections O -of O -strophanthin O -or O -digoxin B-Chemical -and O -of O -a O -course O -- O -wise O -medication O -with O -cardiac O -glycosides O -in O -acute O -and O -chronic O -ischemic O -heart O -disease O -are O -contrasted O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -staining O -methods O -was O -used O -, O -the O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Schiff I-Chemical -( O -PAS O -) O -and O -Giemsa O -techniques O -were O -best O -for O -differentiating O -and O -counting O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Survival O -is O -increased O -in O -patients O -who O -are O -rebound O -responders O -after O -estrogen B-Chemical -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -lowering O -raised O -plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fatty I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -F O -. O -F O -. O -A O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -treatment O -directed O -towards O -stabilsing O -the O -matabolism O -of O -the O -ischaemic O -myocardium O -can O -be O -of O -therapeutic O -value O -and O -lead B-Chemical -to O -fewer O -serious O -ventricular O -arrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentrations O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyindoleacetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -5 O -- O -H O -. O -I O -. O -A O -. O -T O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Nicotine B-Chemical -absorption O -by O -workers O -harvesting O -green O -tobacco O -. O - -aps B-category -Urinary O -cotinine O -( O -the O -major O -metabolite O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -) O -levels O -were O -monitored O -over O -a O -24 O -- O -hour O -period O -to O -evaluate O -nicotine B-Chemical -absorption O -. O - -aps B-category -did O -not O -differ O -with O -regard O -to O -body O -- O -weight O -or O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -in O -some O -patients O -treated O -with O -diuretics O -compensatory O -mechanisms O -to O -retain O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -water O -may O -be O -stronger O -than O -the O -diuretic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -effect I-Chemical -itself O -and O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -perpetuation O -of O -unnecessary O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -obesity O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Ascorbic O -acid O -in O -levodopa B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -, O -selenium B-Chemical -, O -and O -knee O -problems O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -group O -of O -623 O -employed O -Swiss O -women O -aged O -30 O -- O -49 O -years O -showing O -objective O -evidence O -of O -intake O -of O -phenacetin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -analgesics O -, O -and O -a O -control O -group O -of O -621 O -comparable O -women O -showing O -no O -such O -intake O -, O -were O -observed O -for O -4 O -years O -( O -1969 O -- O -72 O -) O -for O -laboratory O -evidence O -of O -urorenal O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -when O -the O -study O -group O -was O -further O -subdivided O -into O -a O -sub O -- O -group O -showing O -evidence O -of O -high O -intake O -of O -phenacetincontaining O -analgesics O -and O -one O -showing O -low O -intake O -, O -only O -the O -high O -- O -intake O -subgroup O -had O -an O -incidence O -of O -raised O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -creatinine I-Chemical -( O -5 O -- O -4 O -% O -) O -significantly O -higher O -than O -the O -control O -group O -( O -0 O -- O -4 O -% O -) O -, O -whereas O -the O -low O -- O -intake O -subgroup O -had O -an O -incidence O -( O -0 O -- O -4 O -% O -) O -similar O -to O -the O -control O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -testosterone I-Chemical -was O -measured O -in O -8 O -migraine O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -testosterone I-Chemical -levels O -were O -within O -the O -range O -for O -normal O -in O -the O -8 O -migraine O -patients O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Editorial O -: O -Postscript O -to O -thalidomide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Reports O -concerning O -the O -interaction O -between O -steroidal O -contraceptives O -( O -the O -combined O -pill O -) O -and O -vitamins O -indicate O -that O -in O -users O -the O -mean O -serum O -- O -vitamin O -- O -A O -level O -is O -raised O -and O -the O -mean O -serum O -- O -vitamin O -- O -B2 O -( O -riboflavine O -) O -, O -vitamin O -- O -B6 O -( O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -) O -, O -vitamine O -- O -C O -, O -folic O -- O -acid O -, O -and O -vitamin O -- O -B12 O -levels O -are O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -effects O -due O -to O -vitamin O -deficiency O -have O -been O -described O -for O -vitamin B-Chemical -B6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -namely I-Chemical -, O -depression O -and O -impaired O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -In O -- O -vitro O -minocycline B-Chemical -activity O -against O -tetracycline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -staphylococcus O -aureus O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Rectal O -bleeding O -and O -indomethacin B-Chemical -suppositories O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Dissolution O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -stones O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iron I-Chemical -and O -percentage O -saturation O -of O -transferrin O -were O -moderately O -increased O -initially O -, O -rose O -dramatically O -within O -forty O -- O -eight O -hours O -with O -near O -maximum O -saturation O -, O -and O -were O -falling O -by O -the O -fifth O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -Dopamine B-Chemical -is O -an O -important O -neurotransmitter O -in O -the O -autonomic O -nervous O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Thromboembolism O -, O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -, O -and O -oestrogen B-Chemical -concentration O -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Iron B-Chemical -deficiency O -and O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Dosage O -of O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Indomethacin B-Chemical -and O -closure O -of O -the O -ductus O -arteriosus O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Stimulation O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -by O -capsaicin B-Chemical -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -and O -tyramine O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -8th O -day O -on O -started O -the O -depletion O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -in O -the O -cytosegresomes O -of O -macrophages O -, O -thus O -forming O -the O -Michaelis O -- O -Guttmann O -bodies O -, O -necessary O -for O -the O -diagnosis O -of O -malakoplakia O -. O - -aps B-category -Authors O -stress O -the O -differences O -existing O -between O -hepatic O -lesions O -caused O -by O -CCl4 B-Chemical -at O -different O -persons O -on O -one O -side O -, O -and O -at O -rat O -and O -human O -liver O -on O -the O -other O -. O - -aps B-category -Cytological O -and O -fertility O -tests O -were O -performed O -in O -F1 O -male O -mice O -derived O -from O -different O -germ O -- O -cell O -stages O -of O -male O -parents O -treated O -with O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -350 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunoperoxidase O -staining O -of O -alpha O -- O -bungarotoxin O -binding O -sites O -in O -muscle O -endplates O -shows O -distribution O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -important O -tests O -reviewed O -were O -estrogen B-Chemical -assays O -, O -ultrasonic O -studies O -, O -human O -placental O -lactogen O -and O -alpha O -- O -fetoprotein O -measurements O -. O - -aps B-category -Examination O -of O -the O -labeled O -proteins O -by O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -followed O -by O -autoradiography O -revealed O -differences O -in O -the O -cell O -surface O -proteins O -of O -B O -and O -T O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -proposed O -that O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -sequences O -of O -the O -3 O -' O -terminal O -extracistronic O -regions O -of O -phage O -RNA O -plus O -and O -minus O -strands O -have O -been O -strictly O -conserved O -during O -evolution O -because O -they O -are O -stringently O -required O -for O -recognition O -by O -the O -viral O -replicase O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -confirm O -previous O -suggestions O -that O -the O -long O -- O -term O -reduction O -in O -serotonin B-Chemical -content O -of O -brain O -, O -tryptophan B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -activity O -, O -and O -uptake O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -after O -injection O -of O -p O -- O -chloroamphetamine O -is O -due O -to O -a O -neurotoxic O -effect O -of O -the O -drug O -or O -some O -metabolite O -on O -serotonergic O -cell O -bodies O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -axonal O -transport O -of O -tritiated O -protein O -decreased O -40 O -to O -60 O -percent O -when O -neuronal O -cell O -bodies O -were O -incubated O -in O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -medium O -, O -but O -was O -not O -affected O -when O -only O -nerve O -trunks O -were O -exposed O -to O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -are O -interpreted O -to O -suggest O -that O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -are O -involved O -in O -the O -initiation O -of O -axonal O -transport O -and O -in O -the O -coupling O -of O -transported O -proteins O -to O -the O -transport O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemistry O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmocokinetics O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Alternate O -- O -day O -steroids B-Chemical -in O -children O -after O -renal O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serological O -activity O -of O -DNA O -from O -scleromic O -bacteria O -depended O -upon O -its O -secondary O -structure O -and O -did O -not O -correlate O -with O -polymeric O -state O -and O -nucleotide B-Chemical -composition O -of O -the O -biopolymer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -which O -is O -observed O -when O -Rhodospirillum O -rubrum O -chromatophores O -are O -illuminated O -under O -air O -and O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -reduced O -2 O -, O -6 O -- O -dichlorophenolindophenol O -( O -DCIP O -) O -, O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -tetra O -- O -methyl O -- O -P O -- O -phenylenediamine O -( O -diaminodurene O -, O -DAD O -) O -or O -N O -, O -N O -' O -- O -tetramethyl O -- O -p O -- O -phenylenediamine O -( O -TMDP O -) O -depends O -on O -the O -electron O -- O -donor O -concentration O -according O -to O -the O -equation O -of O -Michaelis O -- O -Menten O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -it O -appears O -that O -the O -HQNO O -- O -sensitive O -phosphorylation O -is O -coupled O -to O -a O -cyclic O -flow O -which O -coexists O -and O -competes O -with O -the O -non O -- O -cyclic O -flow O -from O -donor O -to O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -part O -of O -the O -HQNO O -- O -resistant O -phosphorylation O -seems O -to O -be O -associated O -with O -the O -non O -- O -cyclic O -flow O -from O -those O -tow O -donors O -to O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Another O -part O -of O -the O -HQNO O -- O -resistant O -ATP O -formation O -is O -independent O -of O -the O -presence O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -and O -appears O -to O -be O -associated O -to O -cyclic O -flows O -which O -bypass O -the O -HQNO O -site O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -report O -describes O -the O -use O -of O -the O -immunoenzymatic O -( O -peroxidase O -) O -method O -to O -identify O -the O -species O -and O -to O -stain O -distinctively O -the O -amebas O -in O -formalin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fixed I-Chemical -paraffin O -- O -mounted O -sections O -. O - -aps B-category -Histochemical O -localization O -of O -intraocular O -copper B-Chemical -foreign O -bodies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -localized O -pattern O -was O -more O -frequent O -with O -the O -60 O -% O -copper B-Chemical -alloy O -, O -when O -the O -foreign O -body O -was O -encapsulated O -or O -shiny O -, O -and O -when O -the O -aqueous O -copper B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -generalized O -pattern O -was O -frequent O -with O -the O -pure O -copper B-Chemical -foreign O -body O -, O -when O -the O -copper B-Chemical -foreign O -body O -was O -tarnished O -, O -and O -when O -copper B-Chemical -concentration O -of O -the O -aqueous O -humor O -was O -elevated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lesion O -healed O -after O -the O -use O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -on O -nucleolar O -RNA O -and O -the O -preribosomal O -particles O -in O -Novikoff O -hepatoma O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -these O -conditions O -of O -analog O -treatment O -37 O -% O -of O -the O -cytidine O -residues O -in O -the O -45S O -RNA O -is O -replaced O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Coelectrophoresis O -of O -analog O -- O -substituted O -and O -control O -RNA O -after O -formaldehyde O -denaturation O -shows O -no O -differences O -in O -electrophoretic O -mobility O -between O -the O -two O -RNA O -samples O -, O -suggesting O -that O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -incorporation O -may O -alter O -the O -secondary O -structure O -of O -the O -45S O -RNA O -and O -the O -32S O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -together O -with O -previous O -findings O -suggest O -that O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -' O -s O -inhibition O -of O -rRNA O -processing O -is O -possibly O -related O -to O -its O -alteration O -of O -the O -structure O -of O -the O -ribosomal O -precursor O -RNAs O -and O -is O -not O -a O -consequence O -of O -a O -general O -inhibition O -of O -ribosomal O -protein O -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -Molecular O -weights O -of O -the O -BF O -, O -the O -BM O -and O -the O -BR O -protein O -were O -determined O -as O -around O -13 O -000 O -, O -20 O -000 O -and O -28 O -000 O -, O -respectively O -, O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecylsulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -the O -BM O -protein O -showed O -similar O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -to O -the O -encephalitogenic O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -monoclonal O -surface O -immunoglobulins O -( O -their O -synthesis O -being O -proved O -by O -in O -vitro O -culture O -experiments O -) O -, O -the O -binding O -of O -IgG O -aggregates O -, O -and O -the O -absence O -of O -rosette O -formation O -with O -sheep O -red O -cells O -documented O -the O -monoclonal O -B O -- O -cell O -origin O -of O -these O -blast O -cells O -which O -is O -in O -sharp O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -findings O -in O -common O -acute O -lymphoblastic O -leukemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -erythropoietin O -( O -ESF O -) O -on O -erythroid O -colony O -formation O -in O -normal O -human O -bone O -marrow O -cultures O -were O -studied O -in O -vitro O -using O -a O -methyl O -cellulose O -gel O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -a O -synergistic O -effect O -of O -a O -combination O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -ESF O -on O -erythroid O -colony O -formation O -was O -seen O -when O -ESF O -was O -present O -at O -high O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -of O -the O -acidic O -nuclear O -protein O -fraction O -isolated O -from O -these O -tissues O -revealed O -some O -variation O -in O -the O -ratio O -of O -acidic O -to O -basic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fimbriae O -can O -regenerate O -in O -these O -defimbriated O -cells O -in O -about O -1 O -h O -. O -This O -regeneration O -is O -inhibited O -by O -both O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -and O -rifampin B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -by O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -and O -therefore O -appears O -to O -depend O -on O -de O -novo O -protein O -synthesis O -on O -cytoplasmic O -ribosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -5 O -times O -more O -cells O -were O -killed O -in O -plateau O -phase O -than O -in O -exponential O -growth O -when O -cells O -were O -treated O -with O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloroethyl I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cyclohexyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrosourea I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -recovery O -from O -bleomycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -potentially O -lethal O -damage O -by O -nondividing O -cells O -was O -twice O -as O -great O -as O -that O -exhibited O -by O -dividing O -cells O -; O -however O -, O -potentially O -lethal O -damage O -recovery O -was O -suffieiently O -high O -for O -cells O -in O -both O -growth O -states O -to O -conceal O -the O -true O -response O -to O -sublethal O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -Nonetheless O -, O -the O -average O -level O -of O -AFP O -in O -the O -sera O -of O -rats O -bearing O -AFB1 O -- O -induced O -tumors O -was O -considerably O -lower O -, O -compared O -to O -the O -sera O -of O -rats O -with O -tumors O -caused O -by O -diethylnitrosamine B-Chemical -, O -N O -- O -2 O -- O -fluorenylacetamide O -, O -or O -N O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -N2 O -- O -fluorenylacetamide O -. O - -aps B-category -Ultrastructural O -characterization O -by O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -of O -the O -surface O -of O -the O -fat O -globule O -membrane O -of O -human O -and O -rat O -milk O -with O -data O -on O -carbohydrates O -of O -fractions O -of O -rat O -milk O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -binds O -anionic O -groups O -selectively O -, O -it O -is O -probable O -that O -the O -granules O -contain O -the O -greatest O -concentration O -of O -these O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -well O -defined O -ACTH B-Chemical -cells O -were O -found O -in O -the O -RPD O -of O -the O -minnow O -( O -Phoxinus O -phoxinus O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -( O -N O -- O -methyl O -- O -14C O -) O -morphine B-Chemical -with O -purified O -human O -albumin O -and O -gamma O -globulin O -and O -with O -human O -plasma O -was O -studied O -by O -equilibrium O -dialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -per O -cent O -of O -drug O -bound O -to O -protein O -was O -dependent O -on O -protein O -concentration O -but O -independent O -of O -drug O -concentration O -in O -the O -therapeutic O -range O -of O -plasma O -morphine B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -likely O -that O -the O -lower O -lipid O -solubility O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -compared O -to O -methadone B-Chemical -is O -related O -to O -its O -decreased O -affinity O -for O -plasma O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Single O -oral O -doses O -were O -given O -of O -the O -test O -drug O -( O -100 O -and O -200 O -mg O -) O -, O -aspirin B-Chemical -( O -600 O -and O -1 O -, O -000 O -mg O -) O -, O -and O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Model O -experiments O -on O -pheasants O -using O -1 O -insecticide O -( O -Lindane B-Chemical -) O -, O -1 O -herbicide O -( O -Terbutryn O -) O -1 O -mineral O -fertilzer O -( O -calcium B-Chemical -ammonium B-Chemical -salpeter O -) O -and O -1 O -fungicide O -( O -HCB O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -for O -R O -- O -c O -and O -R O -- O -c2 O -obtained O -for O -the O -various O -samples O -of O -complexed O -DNA O -were O -extrapolated O -to O -the O -limiting O -binding O -ratio O -where O -each O -dye O -molecule O -is O -associated O -with O -a O -minimum O -of O -six O -nucleotide B-Chemical -pairs O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -vasodilatation O -was O -prevented O -by O -pretreatment O -with O -atropine B-Chemical -or O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -by O -alpha O -- O -or O -theta O -- O -adrenoceptor O -blocking O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemical O -and O -autoradiographic O -analysis O -of O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminobutyric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -in O -Purkinje O -cells O -of O -the O -cerebellum O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -specific O -antiandrogenic O -steroid B-Chemical -cyproterone B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -was O -administered O -daily O -to O -mice O -of O -three O -different O -inbred O -strains O -starting O -from O -the O -day O -of O -birth O -until O -the O -age O -of O -30 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -antibiotics O -( O -rifampicin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -RIF I-Chemical -, O -puromycin O -- O -PU O -, O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -CHF I-Chemical -and O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -CYC I-Chemical -) O -on O -the O -frequency O -of O -chromosomal O -abnormalities O -induced O -by O -TEPA O -[ O -tris O -( O -1 O -- O -aziridinyl O -) O -phosphine O -oxide O -] O -was O -studied O -by O -the O -cytogenetic O -analysis O -in O -mice O -during O -spermatogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Japanese O -encephalitis O -virions O -contain O -a O -58 O -X O -10 O -- O -3 O -- O -molecular O -- O -weight O -envelope O -glycoprotein O -antigen O -that O -can O -be O -solubilized O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -lauryl O -sulfate O -and O -separated O -from O -other O -virion O -structural O -polypeptides O -and O -viral O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -by O -gel O -filtration O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Unique O -serum O -requirement O -for O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -human O -basophils O -. O - -aps B-category -Washed O -leukocytes O -, O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -serum O -, O -released O -little O -histamine B-Chemical -on O -challenge O -with O -seminal O -plasma O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -combination O -of O -the O -latter O -, O -advanced O -technique O -with O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -, O -molecular O -weight O -determination O -by O -size O -chromatography O -, O -urea B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -staining O -for O -oxidase O -activity O -and O -enzymatic O -proteolysis O -, O -has O -revealed O -that O -: O -1 O -) O -human O -cerulplasmin O -is O -a O -heterogeneous O -mixture O -of O -two O -glycoproteins O -( O -x O -) O -differing O -only O -in O -their O -carbohydrate O -content O -and O -2 O -) O -the O -protein O -part O -contains O -at O -least O -one O -very O -labile O -peptide O -bond O -which O -upon O -enzymatic O -hydrolysis O -gives O -rise O -to O -peptides O -with O -molecular O -weights O -of O -93 O -, O -000 O -( O -y O -) O -and O -24 O -, O -000 O -( O -z O -) O -dalton O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -of O -arsenate O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -by O -Streptococcus O -faecalis O -9790 O -is O -strictly O -dependent O -on O -concurrent O -energy O -metabolism O -and O -essentially O -unidirectional O -. O - -aps B-category -Ionophores O -and O -N O -, O -N O -' O -- O -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide O -, O -which O -prevent O -establishment O -of O -a O -proton O -motive O -force O -, O -block O -the O -accumulation O -of O -thiomethylgalactoside O -and O -of O -threonine O -but O -not O -that O -of O -arsenate O -or O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -conditions O -and O -reagents O -that O -lower O -the O -cytoplasmic O -pH O -do O -inhibit O -accumulation O -of O -arsenate O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -that O -uptake O -depends O -on O -the O -capacity O -of O -the O -cells O -to O -maintain O -a O -neutral O -or O -alkaline O -cytoplasm O -. O - -aps B-category -Accumulation O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -and O -glutamate B-Chemical -also O -requires O -adenosine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -but O -not O -the O -proton O -- O -motive O -force O -and O -may O -involve O -a O -similar O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Ruthenium B-Chemical -red I-Chemical -staining O -was O -used O -to O -delineate O -a O -layer O -of O -filamentous O -material O -external O -to O -the O -outer O -membrane O -; O -this O -fuzzy O -layer O -has O -a O -mean O -thickness O -of O -20 O -nm O -and O -is O -not O -often O -seen O -on O -the O -surface O -of O -cells O -prepared O -by O -conventional O -means O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexamethasone B-Chemical -( O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -pregnadiene O -- O -9 O -- O -fluor O -- O -16alpha O -- O -methyl O -- O -11beta O -, O -17alpha O -, O -21 O -- O -triol O -- O -3 O -, O -20 O -- O -dione O -) O -, O -a O -potent O -synthetic O -glucocorticoid O -, O -stimulates O -mouse O -mammary O -tumor O -virus O -expression O -10 O -- O -to O -20 O -- O -fold O -in O -tissue O -culture O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Steroid B-Chemical -responsiveness O -was O -associated O -with O -specific O -increases O -in O -type O -B O -murine O -mammary O -tumor O -virus O -structural O -polypeptide O -( O -gp52 O -( O -sl O -) O -expression O -and O -murine O -mammary O -tumor O -virus O -RNA O -that O -quantitatively O -paralleled O -the O -increase O -in O -extracellular O -virus O -production O -as O -measured O -by O -electron O -microscopy O -and O -supernatant O -RNA O -- O -dependent O -DNA O -polymerase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -increase O -in O -basal O -levels O -of O -type O -C O -murine O -leukemia O -viral O -proteins O -or O -RNA O -was O -detected O -in O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -mammary O -cell O -lines O -which O -were O -producing O -increased O -levels O -of O -murine O -mammary O -tumor O -virus O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -differential O -expression O -of O -fg O -- O -E O -- O -neo O -by O -the O -E O -fragments O -may O -be O -primarily O -dependent O -upon O -differences O -in O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -compositions O -of O -the O -fragments O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -particles O -from O -the O -mnn2 O -- O -2 O -mutant O -were O -indistinguishable O -from O -wild O -type O -cells O -in O -their O -transferase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunochemical O -heterogeneity O -of O -calcitonin B-Chemical -in O -plasma O -of O -patients O -with O -medullary O -thryoid O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -antisera O -used O -had O -different O -binding O -affinities O -for O -the O -NH2 O -- O -and O -COOH O -- O -terminal O -regions O -of O -synthetic O -calcitonin B-Chemical -monomer O -( O -CT O -- O -1 O -- O -32 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -staining O -is O -unclear O -but O -may O -be O -related O -to O -the O -presence O -of O -disulphide O -bonds O -in O -( O -HBsAG B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Apart O -from O -some O -of O -the O -animal O -feed O -ingredients O -the O -DDT O -residues O -were O -generally O -the O -predominant O -contaminants O -detected O -together O -with O -lower O -levels O -of O -gamma O -- O -BHC O -( O -lindane B-Chemical -) O -, O -aldrin O -/ O -dieldrin O -and O -heptachlor O -/ O -heptachlor O -epoxide O -. O - -aps B-category -DBA O -/ O -1 O -mice O -were O -primed O -with O -dinitrophenyl O -- O -keyhole O -lympet O -hemocyanin O -( O -DNP O -- O -KLH O -) O -included O -in O -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxide O -gel O -, O -and O -the O -adoptive O -anti O -- O -DNP O -IgE O -antibody O -response O -of O -their O -spleen O -cells O -was O -studied O -by O -transfer O -into O -irradiated O -syngeneic O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -virto O -immunogenicity O -of O -the O -solid O -- O -phase O -hapten O -, O -dinitrophenyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ornithine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Bio I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Gel I-Chemical -( O -DNP O -- O -O O -- O -Bio O -- O -Gel O -) O -, O -was O -investigated O -in O -cultures O -of O -mouse O -spleen O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -, O -from O -the O -results O -of O -these O -specificity O -experiments O -, O -that O -a O -spacer O -, O -ornithine B-Chemical -, O -is O -required O -for O -immunogenicity O -of O -immobilized O -DNP O -; O -and O -that O -the O -Bio O -- O -Gel O -bead O -, O -itself O -, O -acts O -solely O -as O -a O -physical O -carrier O -for O -the O -hapten O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -monophosphate O -( O -cAMP B-Chemical -) O -content O -of O -isolated O -unstimulated O -mast O -cells O -and O -the O -changes O -induced O -by O -a O -variety O -of O -pharmacologic O -, O -metabolic O -, O -and O -physical O -stimuli O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Moderate O -agitation O -or O -contact O -with O -glass O -increased O -cAMP B-Chemical -content O -about O -2 O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -Theophylline B-Chemical -( O -3 O -to O -20 O -mM O -) O -caused O -a O -dose O -- O -related O -increase O -in O -mast O -cell O -cAMP B-Chemical -content O -, O -approximately O -2 O -- O -fold O -at O -20 O -mM O -theophylline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -increased O -cAMP B-Chemical -levels O -equal O -to O -or O -greater O -than O -the O -sum O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -the O -agents O -used O -individually O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostaglandin O -E1 O -( O -PGE1 B-Chemical -) O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -( O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -) O -also O -raised O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -homogeneous O -single O -cell O -suspensions O -, O -therefore O -, O -cholinergic O -and O -beta O -adrenergic O -agents O -have O -opposing O -effects O -on O -cAMP B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -availability O -of O -highly O -purified O -mast O -cells O -and O -the O -identification O -of O -agents O -which O -either O -decrease O -or O -increase O -cAMP B-Chemical -content O -allows O -a O -direct O -examination O -of O -the O -role O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -in O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -intracellular O -and O -extracellular O -rat O -mast O -cell O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -monophosphate O -( O -cAMP B-Chemical -) O -concentrations O -during O -stimulation O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -by O -48 O -/ O -80 O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lowest O -cAMP B-Chemical -values O -were O -obtained O -at O -10 O -min O -, O -with O -return O -to O -control O -levels O -by O -30 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -graded O -increase O -in O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -over O -the O -same O -concentration O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -general O -correlation O -between O -the O -ability O -of O -pharmacologic O -agents O -to O -sustain O -high O -intracellular O -levels O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -48 O -/ O -80 O -, O -and O -inhibition O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostaglandin O -E1 O -( O -27 O -muM O -) O -also O -raised O -cAMP B-Chemical -levels O -, O -decreased O -the O -48 O -/ O -80 O -- O -induced O -fall O -in O -cAMP B-Chemical -( O -by O -42 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbamylcholine O -( O -1 O -nM O -) O -, O -adenine O -( O -1 O -muM O -) O -, O -and O -diazoxide O -( O -10 O -muM O -) O -lowered O -mast O -cell O -cAMP B-Chemical -and O -potentiated O -48 O -/ O -80 O -induced O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -agents O -which O -prevent O -the O -fall O -in O -cAMP B-Chemical -inhibit O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -, O -it O -is O -apparent O -that O -cAMP B-Chemical -is O -an O -important O -part O -of O -the O -control O -mechanism O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -shown O -that O -induction O -of O -EAE O -in O -mice O -was O -critically O -dependent O -on O -the O -concentration O -of O -pertussis B-Chemical -vaccine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -and O -desensitization O -in O -human O -leukocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentration O -of O -100 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -AT O -give O -the O -same O -high O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -as O -5 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -obtained O -with O -AT O -is O -completed O -in O -20 O -sec O -and O -the O -reaction O -is O -temperature O -- O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -treated O -cells O -are O -fully O -responsive O -, O -however O -, O -to O -challenge O -with O -anti O -- O -IgE O -if O -the O -pretreatment O -has O -been O -performed O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -cells O -with O -AT O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -induces O -, O -besides O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -, O -decrease O -in O -sensitivity O -to O -anti O -- O -IgE O -, O -indicating O -that O -both O -AT O -and O -anti O -- O -IgE O -release O -histamine B-Chemical -from O -the O -same O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -conditions O -for O -the O -coupling O -of O -KLH O -to O -sheep O -erythrocytes O -by O -chromic O -chloride B-Chemical -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -antiserum O -detected O -A O -protein O -in O -several O -of O -the O -secondary O -amyloids O -as O -well O -as O -in O -two O -primary O -amyloid O -fibril O -preparations O -which O -were O -degraded O -with O -alkali B-Chemical -; O -These O -finding O -indicate O -that O -amyloid O -fibrils O -of O -various O -origins O -have O -similarities O -in O -composition O -and O -, O -therefore O -, O -may O -have O -common O -factors O -involved O -in O -fibrillogenesis O -. O - -aps B-category -9 O -- O -O O -- O -methyloximd O -erythromycin B-Chemical -A O -and O -its O -analogue O -inhibited O -reverse O -transcriptase O -and O -blocked O -focus O -formation O -of O -Rous O -sarcoma O -virus O -. O - -aps B-category -Minor O -differences O -were O -that O -the O -nuclear O -rods O -were O -slightly O -lighter O -stained O -after O -osmium O -- O -uranyl O -acetate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lead I-Chemical -citrate B-Chemical -, O -lacked O -thin O -filaments O -protruding O -from O -their O -ends O -, O -and O -often O -were O -broader O -. O - -aps B-category -Cardiac O -effects O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -include O -stimulation O -of O -sinus O -rate O -and O -ventricular O -contractile O -force O -, O -impairment O -of O -atrioventricular O -conduction O -and O -increase O -in O -ventricular O -automaticity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purpose O -of O -the O -present O -investigation O -was O -to O -study O -the O -influence O -of O -low O -concentrations O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -on O -the O -cardiac O -effects O -of O -immunologically O -released O -and O -administered O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -During O -anaphylaxis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -, O -10 O -- O -9 O -and O -3 O -times O -10 O -- O -9 O -M O -, O -the O -duration O -of O -conduction O -arrhythmia O -and O -the O -incidence O -of O -ventricular O -automaticity O -were O -greatly O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Oution O -block O -and O -idioventricular O -also O -greatly O -increased O -the O -incidence O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -atrioventricular O -conduction O -block O -and O -idioventricular O -rhythms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -percentage O -of O -ciliated O -cells O -in O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -and O -glandular O -epithelia O -of O -endometrial O -samples O -from O -sixty O -- O -eight O -normal O -women O -has O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -of O -a O -substituted O -acridone O -by O -rat O -mast O -cells O -in O -relationship O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -: O -a O -possible O -indicator O -of O -exocytosis O -- O -induced O -expansion O -of O -the O -plasma O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Augmented O -uptake O -of O -M O -- O -129 O -was O -inhibited O -by O -measures O -that O -inhibited O -selective O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -cold O -, O -brief O -heating O -of O -the O -mast O -cells O -, O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -and O -ninhydrin O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -method O -for O -the O -preparation O -of O -luminal B-Chemical -epithelial O -and O -stromal O -cells O -from O -rat O -uterus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -HFV O -sedimented O -in O -isopyknic O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradients O -at O -1 O -. O -16 O -- O -1 O -. O -165 O -g O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -prolonged O -oral O -administration O -of O -the O -alpha O -- O -, O -beta O -- O -, O -and O -gamma O -- O -isomers O -of O -benzene B-Chemical -hexachloride O -( O -BHC O -) O -on O -rat O -liver O -were O -examined O -histologically O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -compared O -the O -radioimmunoassay O -( O -RIA O -) O -and O -counterimmunoelectrophoretic O -( O -CIE O -) O -methods O -in O -detecting O -hepatitis O -B O -antigen O -( O -HBsAG B-Chemical -) O -in O -407 O -acute O -and O -336 O -convalescent O -sera O -of O -adults O -with O -viral O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Eighty O -- O -four O -percent O -of O -coded O -specimens O -initially O -positive O -for O -HBsAg B-Chemical -by O -RIA O -were O -found O -to O -have O -subtype O -antigenic O -determinants O -d O -or O -y O -; O -92 O -% O -of O -the O -HBsAg B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -negative I-Chemical -controls O -were O -negative O -for O -subtype O -antigens O -, O -confirming O -the O -specificity O -of O -the O -RIA O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -treatment O -is O -given O -with O -a O -cobalt B-Chemical -teletherapy O -unit O -. O - -aps B-category -Juvenile O -papilloma O -of O -the O -larynx O -treated O -by O -local O -injection O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -39 O -urban O -non O -- O -smokers O -about O -half O -had O -measurable O -quantities O -of O -nicotine B-Chemical -in O -their O -plasma O -( O -range O -0 O -to O -5times5 O -ng O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -concentration O -of O -urinary O -nicotine B-Chemical -in O -non O -- O -smokers O -under O -natural O -conditions O -was O -10times7 O -ng O -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -suggesting O -that O -urinary O -nicotine B-Chemical -may O -provide O -a O -more O -accurate O -assessment O -of O -an O -individual O -' O -s O -smoking B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -status I-Chemical -than O -blood O -- O -carboxyhaemoglobin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -patients O -the O -prothrombin O -- O -time O -was O -10 O -% O -or O -less O -of O -normal O -and O -serum O -glutamic O -pyruvic O -transaminase O -and O -bilirubin B-Chemical -were O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -late O -1950s O -several O -workers O -showed O -that O -arachis O -and O -some O -other O -oils O -contained O -very O -potent O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -components O -quite O -apart O -from O -the O -polyunsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Editorial O -: O -Blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alcohol I-Chemical -in O -dead O -drivers O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Lithium B-Chemical -in O -depression O -; O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -What O -is O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -? O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Dobutamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neuropsychological O -dysfunction O -in O -children O -with O -chronic O -low O -- O -level O -lead B-Chemical -absorption O -. O - -aps B-category -of O -a O -large O -, O -lead B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -emitting I-Chemical -smelter O -, O -and O -in O -many O -cases O -residence O -there O -had O -been O -lifelong O -. O - -aps B-category -to O -be O -significantly O -decreased O -in O -the O -group O -with O -higher O -lead B-Chemical -levels O -( O -mean O -scores O -, O -W O -. O -I O -. O -S O -. O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -Ampicillin O -- O -resistant O -Haemophilus O -influenzae O -type O -B O -possessing O -a O -TEM O -- O -type O -beta O -- O -lactamase O -but O -little O -permeability O -barrier O -to O -ampicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -greater O -permeability O -of O -the O -H O -. O -influenzae O -cell O -to O -penicillins B-Chemical -appeared O -to O -reduce O -the O -protective O -effect O -of O -its O -beta O -- O -lactamase O -, O -in O -that O -acquisition O -of O -the O -TEM O -- O -type O -beta O -- O -lactamase O -increased O -levels O -of O -resistance O -to O -penicillins B-Chemical -much O -less O -for O -individual O -cells O -of O -H O -. O -influenzae O -than O -for O -those O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -patients O -were O -then O -treated O -with O -mithramycin O -alone O -, O -and O -, O -although O -neither O -obtained O -haematological O -remission O -, O -bone O -pain O -was O -relieved O -, O -hypercalciuria O -and O -hypercalcaemia O -were O -abolished O -, O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -balances O -proved O -that O -mithramycin O -was O -effective O -in O -restoring O -calcium B-Chemical -equilibrium O -. O - -aps B-category -Mithramycin O -should O -be O -considered O -in O -the O -early O -treatment O -not O -only O -of O -hypercalcaemia O -but O -also O -of O -severe O -hypercalciuria O -, O -if O -these O -complications O -do O -not O -rapidly O -remit O -during O -the O -first O -course O -of O -conventional O -myeloma O -therapy O -, O -with O -or O -without O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -low O -concentrations O -of O -halothane B-Chemical -in O -the O -atmosphere O -using O -a O -portable O -detector O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -creatine B-Chemical -( O -phosphorylcreatine B-Chemical -+ O -free O -creatine B-Chemical -) O -total O -adenosine B-Chemical -+ O -inosine O -nucleotides O -, O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -and O -phosphorus B-Chemical -separtely O -correlated O -very O -highly O -with O -sample O -dry O -weight O -after O -dissection O -, O -suggesting O -that O -these O -may O -be O -used O -as O -standards O -. O - -aps B-category -Discrepancy O -between O -solution O -and O -bioavailability O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -tablets O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lead I-Chemical -levels O -, O -behaviour O -and O -intelligence O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Diphasic O -dyskinesia O -during O -levodopa B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Gastric O -acid O -output O -fell O -sharply O -in O -response O -to O -three O -stimuli O -acid O -production O -- O -- O -a O -meal O -and O -pentagastrin O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -infusions O -. O - -aps B-category -Gastric O -emptying O -was O -normal O -in O -patients O -who O -had O -not O -received O -a O -narcotic O -analgesic O -but O -was O -markedly O -delayed O -in O -women O -given O -pethidine B-Chemical -, O -diamorphine B-Chemical -, O -or O -pentazocine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -metabolic O -obesity O -energy O -in O -triglyceride B-Chemical -stores O -is O -not O -readily O -accessible O -, O -and O -lipolysis O -to O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -glycerol O -seems O -to O -be O -somehow O -restrained O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -metabolic O -obesity O -there O -may O -be O -a O -biochemical O -error O -leading O -to O -overproduction O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -; O -as O -a O -result O -the O -forward O -reaction O -is O -overwhelmed O -and O -lipolysis O -does O -not O -take O -place O -. O - -aps B-category -Potential O -effect O -on O -coronary O -- O -heart O -- O -disease O -morbidity O -of O -lowering O -the O -blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cholesterol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -if O -100 O -men O -who O -are O -non O -- O -smokers O -, O -with O -normal O -blood O -- O -pressure O -and O -electrocardiogram O -, O -lower O -their O -plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cholesterol I-Chemical -from O -310 O -to O -260 O -mg O -. O -per O -100 O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Minocycline B-Chemical -activity O -against O -tetracycline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Chromsomes O -, O -mitosis O -, O -and O -reserpine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Sodium B-Chemical -homoeostasis O -in O -preterm O -infants O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Oxprenolol B-Chemical -and O -psoriasis O -- O -like O -eruption O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -on O -the O -incorporation O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -into O -retinal O -proteins O -and O -subsequent O -axonal O -transport O -in O -the O -optic O -system O -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -a O -spectrophotometric O -assay O -at O -340 O -nm O -with O -the O -P O -. O -fischeri O -reductase O -, O -both O -NADH O -( O -Km O -, O -8 O -times O -10 O -- O -5 O -M O -) O -and O -NADPH B-Chemical -( O -Km O -, O -4 O -times O -10 O -- O -4 O -M O -) O -were O -enzymatically O -oxidized O -, O -the O -Vmax O -with O -NADH O -being O -approximately O -twice O -that O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -shown O -in O -a O -series O -of O -cases O -that O -phase B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -contrast I-Chemical -microscopy O -is O -particularly O -suitable O -for O -intra O -- O -operative O -diagnosis O -in O -almost O -all O -gynecological O -operations O -. O - -aps B-category -Premature O -chromosome O -condensation O -( O -PCC O -) O -was O -induced O -in O -human O -leukocytes O -in O -vitro O -by O -a O -bifunctional O -alkylating O -agent O -2 O -, O -5 O -- O -bis O -- O -( O -methoxyethoxy O -) O -- O -3 O -, O -6 O -- O -bis O -- O -ethylene O -- O -imino O -- O -p O -- O -benzoquinone O -( O -A O -139 O -) O -, O -bleomycin B-Chemical -and O -X O -- O -rays O -. O - -aps B-category -Direct O -skin O -testing O -, O -passive O -transfer O -of O -IgE O -antibodies O -, O -antigen O -- O -mediated O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -peripheral O -blood O -leukocytes O -and O -airway O -obstruction O -in O -response O -to O -inhalation O -challenge O -indicated O -IgE O -- O -mediated O -, O -Type O -I O -hypersensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -presents O -19 O -patients O -with O -malignant O -trophoblastic O -disease O -who O -underwent O -a O -total O -of O -25 O -arteriographic O -studies O -for O -localization O -of O -persistent O -malignant O -lesions O -and O -8 O -patients O -who O -underwent O -arterial O -infusional O -chemotherapy O -after O -they O -had O -failed O -to O -achieve O -remission O -by O -standard O -administration O -of O -systemic O -methotrexate B-Chemical -or O -actinomycin O -D O -. O -Patients O -underwent O -pelvic O -, O -pulmonary O -, O -carotid O -, O -and O -multiple O -abdominal O -selective O -arteriograms O -with O -a O -high O -correlation O -of O -positive O -findings O -and O -the O -later O -documented O -presence O -of O -persistent O -malignant O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -short O -- O -term O -cultures O -of O -BALB O -/ O -c O -spleen O -cells O -, O -treatment O -with O -a O -combination O -of O -5 O -- O -bromo O -- O -2 O -' O -- O -deoxyuridine O -( O -BrdU O -) O -and O -either O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -W O -. O -Escherichia O -coli O -or O -concanavalin O -A O -resulted O -in O -release O -of O -C O -- O -type O -virus O -into O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -phytohemagglutinin O -at O -mitogenic O -concentration O -had O -no O -effect O -with O -or O -without O -BrdU O -, O -suggesting O -that O -inducibility O -may O -vary O -between O -various O -mitogen O -- O -responsive O -spleen O -cell O -populations O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -enzyme O -activities O -were O -particle O -- O -associated O -, O -banding O -in O -isopycnic O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -at O -1 O -. O -15 O -- O -1 O -. O -17 O -g O -/ O -cm O -- O -3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -on O -the O -distribution O -, O -elimination O -and O -anticoagulant O -action O -of O -dicumarol O -in O -Gunn O -rats O -- O -1 O -- O -2 O -( O -38547 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunochemical O -pattern O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -isozumes O -in O -servral O -rodents O -and O -in O -Ehrlich O -ascites O -cells O -( O -38549 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -may O -suggest O -that O -antigenic O -determinants O -at O -the O -catalytic O -site O -of O -each O -of O -the O -liver O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -isozymes O -are O -least O -likely O -to O -change O -throughout O -the O -evolutionary O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -loss O -of O -tissue O -fluid O -as O -a O -possible O -mechanism O -of O -cyanoacrylate B-Chemical -histotoxicity O -was O -studied O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -subjects O -were O -given O -the O -opportunity O -to O -work O -for O -saline O -placebo O -and O -hydromorphone B-Chemical -( O -4 O -mg O -i O -. O -v O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Measures O -of O -pupillary O -change O -and O -reports O -of O -" O -liking O -" O -in O -response O -to O -hydromorphone B-Chemical -dropped O -to O -saline O -control O -levels O -when O -the O -daily O -dose O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -was O -approximately O -60 O -mg O -. O -Half O -of O -the O -subjects O -continued O -to O -work O -intermittently O -for O -hydromorphone B-Chemical -for O -four O -weeks O -while O -they O -were O -receiving O -100 O -mg O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -daily O -. O - -aps B-category -Afferent O -pathways O -such O -as O -vagus O -and O -splanchnic O -systems O -were O -approached O -surgically O -and O -the O -gastrointestinal O -hormones O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -insulin O -and O -glucagon O -, O -were O -studied O -by O -administration O -and O -pharmacological O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -and O -physiologic O -data O -on O -chronic O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -poisoning O -are O -reviewed O -and O -the O -results O -of O -an O -investigation O -involving O -7 O -garages O -in O -the O -Lausanne O -( O -Switzerland O -) O -area O -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -CO O -was O -measured O -by O -continuous O -recording O -with O -an O -MSA O -Carbon B-Chemical -Monoxide I-Chemical -Alarm O -and O -the O -hourly O -and O -daily O -averages O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -COHb O -level O -in O -the O -total O -group O -of O -employees O -, O -together O -with O -data O -from O -individual O -histories O -, O -it O -is O -possible O -to O -evaluate O -the O -risk O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -poisoning O -in O -a O -given O -garage O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -there O -was O -less O -vagal O -effect O -on O -A O -- O -V O -conduction O -than O -on O -the O -sinus O -rate O -in O -HCSR O -, O -meaning O -that O -A O -- O -V O -conduction O -was O -shorter O -and O -less O -affected O -than O -the O -sinus O -rate O -by O -carotid O -sinus O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -RNA O -tumor O -viruses O -( O -here O -called O -class O -1 O -) O -appear O -to O -have O -been O -generated O -in O -recent O -times O -in O -that O -their O -RNA O -is O -closely O -related O -in O -nucleotide B-Chemical -sequence O -to O -certain O -cell O -genes O -( O -class O -1 O -genes O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Paraprocessing O -of O -class O -1 O -gene O -transcripts O -in O -committed O -or O -differentiated O -cells O -is O -considered O -to O -be O -aberrant O -in O -transcription O -that O -can O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -generation O -of O -an O -RNA O -tumor O -virus O -genome O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -persistence O -, O -in O -food O -offered O -for O -human O -consumption O -, O -of O -residues O -which O -may O -be O -potentially O -toxic O -under O -conditions O -of O -repeated O -absorption O -over O -the O -greater O -part O -of O -the O -life O -span O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -progestogens B-Chemical -were O -given O -to O -postmenopausal O -and O -premenopausal O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -group O -consisted O -of O -370 O -women O -using O -an O -oral O -form O -of O -sequential O -contraception O -, O -based O -on O -administration O -of O -0 O -. O -05 O -mg O -ethinyl B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -daily O -for O -three O -weeks O -followed O -by O -a O -combined O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -containing O -the O -same O -amount O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -with O -varying O -progestogens B-Chemical -for O -a O -further O -week O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -potent O -progestogen O -was O -d O -- O -norgestrel O -in O -the O -lowest O -dose O -of O -0 O -. O -25 O -mg O -and O -this O -compound O -exerted O -a O -greater O -effect O -than O -4 O -mg O -norethisterone B-Chemical -, O -1 O -mg O -ethynodiol O -diacetate O -or O -4 O -mg O -megestrol O -acetate O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -the O -C O -- O -terminal O -amide O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NH2 I-Chemical -did O -not O -play O -a O -major O -role O -in O -these O -interactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Histidine O -in O -position O -2 O -played O -an O -important O -role O -but O -neither O -the O -amide O -group O -nor O -the O -glycine B-Chemical -amide O -group O -at O -the O -C O -- O -terminus O -were O -essential O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -daily O -fractional O -turnover O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -daily O -total O -disposal O -of O -T4 O -iodine B-Chemical -was O -not O -significantly O -different O -although O -it O -was O -excessive O -in O -3 O -of O -the O -11 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thyroxine B-Chemical -binding O -globulin O -( O -TBG O -) O -, O -thyroxine B-Chemical -binding O -prealbumin O -( O -TBPA O -) O -, O -albumin O -, O -thyroxine B-Chemical -( O -T O -( O -4 O -) O -) O -and O -the O -triiodothyronine O -uptake O -test O -( O -T O -( O -3 O -) O -- O -test O -) O -values O -have O -been O -estimated O -in O -serum O -of O -twenty O -patients O -with O -ulcerative O -colitis O -( O -UC O -) O -or O -Crohn O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -adrenal O -function O -in O -man O -by O -heparin B-Chemical -or O -heparinoid O -Ro O -1 O -- O -8307 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -these O -compounds O -inhibited O -corticosterone B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -, O -although O -less O -markedly O -than O -that O -of O -aldosterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -During O -drug O -treatment O -angiotensin B-Chemical -, O -in O -doses O -of O -5 O -- O -10 O -ng O -/ O -kg O -b O -. O -wt O -. O -/ O -min O -, O -did O -not O -stimulate O -aldosterone B-Chemical -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -two O -studies O -heparin B-Chemical -had O -no O -consistent O -effect O -on O -plasma O -renin O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Fractionation O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -columns O -suggested O -that O -in O -molecular O -weight O -( O -or O -particle O -size O -) O -the O -immune O -- O -Indian O -- O -ink O -agglutinating O -factor O -is O -smaller O -than O -HBsAg B-Chemical -and O -larger O -than O -the O -non O -- O -specific O -agglutinating O -factor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitor O -is O -a O -protein O -for O -which O -the O -initial O -purification O -steps O -consist O -of O -removing O -fibrinogen O -from O -plasma O -by O -heating O -to O -56 O -degrees O -for O -3 O -min O -, O -removing O -prothrombin O -complex O -by O -absorption O -on O -barium B-Chemical -carbonate O -, O -absorbing O -the O -antithrombin O -on O -aluminum B-Chemical -hydroxide O -, O -and O -eluting O -with O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -Interference O -with O -the O -thrombin O -- O -fibrinogen O -reaction O -by O -mixtures O -of O -antithrombin O -III O -and O -heparin B-Chemical -is O -called O -the O -" O -antithrombin O -II O -henomenon O -. O -" O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetic O -aspects O -of O -thrombin O -neutralization O -were O -found O -to O -correspond O -exactly O -with O -those O -of O -autoprothrombin O -C O -. O -Antithrombin B-Chemical -III I-Chemical -is O -a O -high O -- O -capacity O -inhibitor O -of O -the O -two O -most O -powerful O -enzymes O -in O -blood O -coagulation O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -propose O -that O -cellular O -activity O -is O -required O -for O -the O -depostion O -of O -copper B-Chemical -material O -into O -the O -thick O -basement O -membranes O -of O -the O -cornea O -and O -lens O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -concept O -of O -simple O -diffusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Filamentous O -structures O -resembling O -fingerprints O -were O -observed O -in O -certain O -areas O -of O -these O -spaces O -; O -and O -after O -staining O -with O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -, O -numerob O -granules O -were O -also O -visible O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -deposits O -were O -never O -observed O -when O -a O -sodium B-Chemical -cacodylate O -buffer O -was O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -large O -doses O -of O -intravenous O -atropine B-Chemical -on O -heart O -rate O -and O -arterial O -pressure O -of O -anesthetized O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Ninety O -- O -six O -percent O -of O -the O -patients O -under O -cyclopropane O -, O -fluroxene O -, O -ether B-Chemical -, O -ketamine B-Chemical -, O -or O -regional O -( O -spinal O -or O -epidural O -) O -anesthesia O -had O -heart O -- O -rate O -increases O -, O -compared O -with O -only O -77 O -to O -89 O -percent O -of O -the O -patients O -anesthetized O -with O -halothane B-Chemical -, O -enflurane B-Chemical -, O -or O -neuroleptanalgesics O -. O - -aps B-category -Part O -IV O -: O -Effect O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -on O -the O -cochlear O -microcirculation O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversible O -auditory O -disorders O -after O -stapedectomy O -may O -be O -explicable O -by O -the O -intracochlear O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Spermine O -is O -evidently O -concerned O -with O -stabilizing O -the O -structure O -of O -desoxyribose O -nucleic O -acid O -and O -probably O -of O -proteins O -, O -notably O -several O -zinc B-Chemical -metalloenzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Degradation O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -by O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -About O -10 O -% O -of O -the O -added O -lindane B-Chemical -was O -metabolized O -by O -the O -bacterium O -in O -Trypticase O -soy O -broth O -containing O -the O -pesticide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sequence O -of O -events O -that O -may O -initiate O -the O -inflammatory O -reaction O -in O -acute O -gout O -has O -been O -investigated O -with O -specific O -reference O -to O -phagocytosis O -of O -urate B-Chemical -crystals O -by O -polymorphonuclear O -leucocytes O -and O -the O -results O -have O -shown O -( O -1 O -) O -that O -neutrophil O -leucocytes O -avidly O -ingest O -microcrystals O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -monourate O -, O -( O -2 O -) O -that O -this O -causes O -the O -rapid O -degranulation O -and O -disintegration O -of O -the O -leucocytes O -, O -( O -3 O -) O -that O -fresh O -leucocytes O -ingest O -the O -debris O -and O -crystals O -liberated O -by O -the O -dead O -cells O -, O -and O -in O -their O -turn O -degranulate O -and O -die O -, O -thus O -possibly O -establishing O -a O -vicious O -circle O -in O -the O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -the O -guinea O -pig O -protein O -with O -pepsin O -under O -the O -same O -conditions O -resulted O -in O -the O -production O -of O -peptides O -which O -were O -identical O -with O -those O -of O -the O -bovine O -protein O -in O -chromatographic O -and O -electrophoretic O -properties O -and O -in O -N O -- O -terminal O -and O -C O -- O -terminal O -residues O -but O -which O -differed O -slightly O -in O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -rotenone O -, O -antimycin O -A O -and O -cyanide O -established O -the O -classical O -electron O -transport O -chain O -as O -the O -major O -pathway O -of O -respiration O -with O -glutamate B-Chemical -and O -succinate O -as O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -Glycerol O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -also O -supported O -oxidative O -phosphorylation O -yielding O -ADP O -/ O -O O -ratios O -of O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -all O -stages O -during O -differentiation O -, O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -is O -very O -sensitive O -to O -actinomycin O -- O -C O -and O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -, O -inhibitors O -of O -transcription O -and O -translation O -, O -with O -a O -half O -life O -against O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -of O -about O -20 O -min O -( O -if O -added O -12 O -h O -after O -the O -induction O -of O -differentiation O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Density O -labelling O -experiments O -using O -deuterated O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -with O -subsequent O -analysis O -by O -equilibrium O -density O -gradient O -sedimentation O -in O -15 O -- O -35 O -% O -( O -w O -/ O -w O -) O -metrizamide O -gradients O -revealed O -a O -rather O -slow O -rate O -of O -enzyme O -synthesis O -, O -which O -is O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -observed O -high O -sensitivity O -against O -actinomycin O -- O -C O -and O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Monocular O -injection O -of O -radioactive O -uridine B-Chemical -or O -an O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -mixture O -was O -followed O -by O -sedimentation O -analysis O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -or O -cesium O -sulfate O -density O -gradients O -, O -of O -ribosomes O -prepared O -from O -the O -retinae O -of O -injected O -eyes O -and O -the O -left O -and O -right O -optic O -lobes O -. O - -aps B-category -Electron O -transport O -from O -water O -to O -silicomolybdate O -( O -+ O -DCMU O -) O -is O -not O -coupled O -to O -ATP O -formation O -, O -nor O -is O -there O -a O -measurable O -accumulation O -of O -protons O -within O -the O -membrane O -( O -measured O -by O -amine B-Chemical -uptake O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -at O -6 O -h O -no O -labeled O -14 O -- O -3 O -- O -2 O -protein O -was O -detectablemthus O -, O -transport O -of O -this O -neuronal O -protein O -appears O -to O -be O -relatively O -slow O -process O -with O -little O -or O -no O -rapid O -component O -. O - -aps B-category -Conformation O -therapy O -using O -the O -tracking O -cobalt B-Chemical -unit O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -, O -rapid O -straining O -technique O -using O -the O -magnesium B-Chemical -salt B-Chemical -of O -1 O -- O -anilino O -- O -8 O -- O -naphthalene O -sulfonic O -acid O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -344 O -sera O -positive O -for O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -from O -volunteer O -blood O -donors O -at O -several O -Canadian O -Red O -Cross O -centres O -were O -subtyped O -for O -ad O -and O -ay O -specificity O -by O -counterelectrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -unusual O -bluish O -discolouration O -of O -the O -nose O -was O -noticed O -in O -a O -woman O -9 O -months O -after O -she O -had O -begun O -treatment O -with O -a O -coronary O -vasodilator O -, O -amiodarone B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -conjugation O -of O -chlorambucil B-Chemical -with O -human O -gamma O -- O -globulin O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -- O -molecular O -- O -weight O -hydroxyproline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -protein I-Chemical -in O -relation O -to O -immunoglobulins O -M O -( O -IgM O -) O -in O -human O -blood O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -earliest O -and O -most O -reproduceable O -lesion O -associated O -with O -chronic O -alcohol B-Chemical -abuse O -is O -fatty O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -development O -of O -cirrhosis O -correlates O -with O -the O -total O -duration O -and O -amount O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -ingested O -. O - -aps B-category -Cryopreservation O -of O -human O -red O -cells O -in O -liquid O -nitrogen B-Chemical -with O -hydroxyethyl O -starch O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -beta O -- O -adrenoceptors O -of O -the O -lung O -mediating O -inhibition O -of O -antigen O -- O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -order O -of O -potency O -for O -the O -agents O -in O -the O -four O -funct O -- O -ons O -studied O -were O -: O -( O -a O -) O -inhibition O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -, O -IPR O -greater O -than O -OPR O -approximately O -equal O -to O -TRB O -greater O -than O -ITP O -equal O -0 O -; O -( O -b O -) O -heart O -stimulation O -, O -chronotropic O -effect O -, O -IPR O -greater O -than O -OPR O -greater O -than O -ITP O -approximately O -equal O -to O -TRB O -; O -( O -c O -) O -heart O -stimulation O -, O -inotropic O -effect O -, O -IPR O -greater O -than O -OPR O -greater O -than O -ITP O -greater O -than O -TRB O -; O -( O -d O -) O -trachea O -relaxation O -: O -IPR O -greater O -than O -TRB O -greater O -than O -OPR O -greater O -than O -ITP O -. O - -aps B-category -Differing O -patterns O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -accumulation O -and O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cholesterol I-Chemical -influx O -in O -areas O -of O -the O -cholesterol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fed I-Chemical -pig O -aorta O -identified O -by O -evans O -blue O -dye O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -precipitated O -from O -plasma O -by O -dextran B-Chemical -or O -hydroxyethyl O -starch O -varies O -very O -widely O -from O -individual O -to O -individual O -. O - -aps B-category -Dextran B-Chemical -, O -hydroxyethyl O -starch O -, O -polyvinyl O -pyrrolidone B-Chemical -, O -some O -forms O -of O -gelatin O -, O -and O -several O -polyamino O -acids O -accelerate O -thrombin O -clotting O -of O -normal O -plasma O -, O -several O -dysfibrinogenemic O -plasmas O -, O -or O -Factor O -I O -. O -Albumin O -, O -hemoglobin O -, O -some O -modified O -gelatins O -do O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -latter O -two O -supervene O -some O -time O -after O -administration O -of O -dextran B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Fluorochromatic O -studies O -of O -recovered O -sperm O -treated O -with O -acridine O -orange O -indicated O -sperm O -viability O -and O -phase O -contrast B-Chemical -studies O -of O -sperm O -treated O -with O -tetrazolium O -salts O -revealed O -metabolic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -3 O -- O -H O -] O -Melatonin B-Chemical -administered O -in O -vivo O -in O -the O -rat O -cisterna O -magna O -became O -associated O -with O -a O -vinblastine O -- O -precipitable O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -brought O -about O -a O -significantly O -greater O -decrease O -in O -hypothalamic O -microtubule O -protein O -levels O -of O -ganglionectomized O -rats O -than O -in O -sham O -- O -operated O -or O -in O -ganglionectomized O -- O -pinealectomized O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -axonal O -transport O -in O -retinal O -ganglion O -cells O -of O -rabbits O -was O -inhibited O -to O -the O -extent O -of O -71 O -. O -9 O -and O -87 O -. O -2 O -% O -by O -previous O -exposure O -to O -1 O -. O -5 O -of O -15 O -mu O -g O -of O -melatonin B-Chemical -intravitreally O -; O -melatonin B-Chemical -did O -not O -affect O -retinal O -protein O -synthesis O -in O -this O -experimental O -model O -. O - -aps B-category -Steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -proteins O -in O -rabbit O -plasma O -: O -Separation O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -( O -TeBG O -) O -from O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -( O -CBG O -) O -, O -preliminary O -characterization O -of O -TeBG O -, O -and O -changes O -in O -TeBG O -concentration O -during O -sexual O -maturation O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -the O -proteins O -( O -TeBG O -) O -binds O -[ O -3 O -- O -H O -] O -5 O -alpha O -- O -dihydrotestosterone O -( O -5 O -alpha O -DHT O -) O -and O -[ O -3 O -- O -H O -] O -testosterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -[ O -3 O -- O -H O -] O -5 O -alphaDHT O -could O -be O -inhibited O -by O -unlabeled O -5 O -alpha O -DHT O -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -5 O -alpha O -- O -androstan O -- O -3 O -alpha O -, O -17 O -beta O -- O -diol O -( O -3 O -alpha O -- O -diol O -) O -, O -and O -17 O -alpha O -- O -methyl O -- O -B B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -testosterone I-Chemical -( O -skf O -) O -7690 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antiandrogens O -, O -cyproterone O -( O -1 O -, O -2 O -alpha O -- O -methylene O -- O -6 O -- O -chloro O -- O -pregn O -- O -4 O -, O -6 O -- O -diene O -- O -17 O -alpla O -- O -ol O -- O -3 O -, O -20 O -dione O -) O -, O -cyproterone O -- O -17 O -- O -acetate O -, O -and O -6 O -alpha O -- O -bromo O -- O -17 O -beta O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -17 O -alpha O -- O -methyl O -- O -4 O -- O -oxa O -- O -5 O -alpha O -- O -androstan O -- O -3 O -- O -ine O -( O -BOMT O -) O -were O -ineffective O -in O -competing O -for O -[ O -3 O -- O -H5d O -alpha O -DHT O -binding O -sites O -, O -as O -were O -4 O -- O -androstene O -- O -3 O -, O -17 O -- O -dione O -, O -17 O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -( O -E2 O -) O -, O -progesterone B-Chemical -, O -and O -cortisol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -charcoal B-Chemical -and O -unlabeled O -5 O -alpha O -DHT O -the O -Kdiss O -was O -0 O -. O -268 O -min O -- O -minus O -1 O -and O -the O -t O -= O -1 O -/ O -2 O -was O -2 O -. O -6 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -these O -compounds O -could O -be O -inhibited O -by O -unlabeled O -cortisol B-Chemical -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -by O -unlabeled O -5 O -alpha O -DHT O -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -or O -E2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Samples O -of O -formalin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -PIV O -- O -3 O -released O -more O -N O -- O -acteylneuraminic O -acid O -( O -NANA O -) O -than O -samples O -of O -Piv O -- O -3 O -not O -treated O -with O -formalin B-Chemical -when O -these O -samples O -were O -incubated O -with O -the O -substrate O -sialolactose O -for O -16 O -h O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -initial O -activity O -of O -PIV O -- O -3 O -NA O -, O -and O -the O -Km O -- O -value O -, O -were O -similar O -for O -a O -NAS O -strain O -whether O -it O -was O -treated O -with O -formalin B-Chemical -or O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -mucosa O -was O -irrigated O -with O -solutions O -of O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -a O -substance O -causing O -plasma O -shedding O -, O -the O -concentrations O -of O -proteins O -in O -gastric O -lymph O -over O -a O -4 O -- O -hr O -period O -were O -similar O -to O -those O -found O -in O -control O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -rat O -antibody O -response O -to O -the O -same O -antigens O -where O -titres O -are O -generated O -to O -largely O -helical O -antigenic O -determinants O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -, O -however O -, O -are O -compatible O -with O -the O -presence O -of O -other O -antigenic O -determinants O -which O -are O -probably O -located O -in O -the O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -carbocy O -- O -terminal O -portions O -of O -the O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -resistance O -to O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -treatment O -further O -identifies O -them O -as O -functionally O -mature O -immunocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antigens O -of O -the O -ether B-Chemical -phase O -were O -proved O -to O -belong O -mainly O -to O -the O -viral O -nucleoid O -whereas O -the O -water O -phase O -contained O -mainly O -envelope O -antigens O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -compares O -the O -effectiveness O -and O -cost O -of O -hospital O -narcotic O -detoxificationand O -outpatient O -narcotic O -detoxification O -using O -methadone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Methadone B-Chemical -treatment O -was O -planned O -for O -no O -longer O -than O -10 O -days O -while O -psychiatric O -supportive O -services O -were O -made O -available O -to O -continue O -as O -needed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -films O -were O -incubated O -in O -fixatives O -without O -staining O -, O -and O -in O -glycerol O -, O -diethylene O -glycol O -and O -other O -glycols O -, O -formamide O -, O -N O -, O -N O -- O -dimethylformamide O -, O -dimethyl B-Chemical -sulphoxide I-Chemical -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -( O -of O -several O -concentrations O -) O -after O -staining O -and O -their O -absorption O -( O -metachromatic O -) O -spectra O -recorded O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -equilibration O -of O -stained O -films O -in O -organic O -solvents O -, O -changes O -in O -the O -absorption O -peaks O -were O -found O -to O -depend O -on O -the O -type O -and O -concentration O -of O -solvent O -, O -the O -type O -of O -glycosaminoglycan B-Chemical -and O -the O -type O -of O -dye O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -parameters O -that O -influence O -this O -phenomenon O -( O -e O -. O -g O -type O -of O -protein O -, O -glycosaminoglycan B-Chemical -and O -dye O -, O -pH O -of O -staining O -) O -are O -discussed O -and O -a O -three O -- O -dimensional O -picture O -is O -introduced O -which O -can O -explain O -some O -of O -the O -results O -obtained O -in O -these O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -Alcian O -Blue O -staining O -in O -MgCl O -- O -2 O -of O -various O -concentrations O -revealed O -that O -the O -basement O -membrane O -of O -dog O -hair O -follicles O -contains O -a O -large O -amount O -of O -glycosaminoglycan B-Chemical -that O -increases O -with O -age O -, O -varies O -with O -breed O -, O -and O -is O -significantly O -greater O -than O -that O -of O -dermal O -collagen O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -support O -the O -identification O -of O -gastrin O -cells O -with O -G O -cells O -, O -known O -from O -previous O -studies O -to O -react O -with O -lead B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Haematoxylin I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -procedure O -is O -based O -on O -the O -resistance O -to O -destaining O -with O -absolute O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -of O -the O -complex O -acid O -mucopolysaccharide O -- O -Toluidine O -Blue O -reinforced O -with O -ferrioxamine O -B O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -cytosine B-Chemical -permeation O -in O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -support O -the O -hypothesis O -of O -a O -carrier O -- O -mediated O -transport O -, O -with O -reduced O -internal O -affinity O -, O -allowing O -the O -release O -and O -accumulation O -of O -cytosine B-Chemical -in O -the O -inner O -compartment O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -isolation O -medium O -contains O -magnesium B-Chemical -ions O -( O -1 O -mM O -) O -, O -sucrose B-Chemical -( O -0 O -- O -4 O -M O -) O -and O -Tris O -buffer O -( O -0 O -. O -01 O -M O -, O -pH O -7 O -- O -5 O -) O -called O -SMTOG O -( O -see O -text O -) O -, O -the O -ultrastructure O -in O -thin O -sections O -through O -the O -condensed O -chromatin O -bodies O -, O -after O -staining O -with O -either O -uranyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lead I-Chemical -or O -phosphotungstic O -acid O -( O -PTA O -) O -, O -is O -similar O -to O -that O -found O -in O -the O -intact O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -5 O -- O -10 O -% O -proteins O -removed O -by O -salt B-Chemical -washes O -are O -located O -exclusively O -in O -a O -particulate O -component O -, O -quite O -likely O -the O -chromatin O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenaline B-Chemical -( O -A O -) O -- O -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -( O -N O -) O -- O -storing O -granules O -were O -argentaphobic O -when O -ultrathin O -sections O -of O -Araldite O -- O -embedded O -medullae O -were O -stained O -according O -to O -the O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thiocarbohydrazide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -silver I-Chemical -proteinate O -technique O -of O -Thiery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Schiff I-Chemical -( O -PAS O -) O -technique O -showed O -A O -but O -not O -N O -granules O -in O -semithin O -sections O -of O -GMA O -- O -or O -Araldite O -- O -embedded O -medullae O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -paper O -described O -the O -changes O -in O -the O -levels O -of O -serum O -triiodothyronine O -, O -serum O -thyroxine B-Chemical -, O -serum O -thyrotrophin O -and O -other O -indices O -of O -thyroid O -function O -between O -2 O -- O -5 O -y O -after O -completion O -of O -antithyroid O -drug O -therapy O -in O -35 O -patients O -who O -were O -euthyroid O -on O -clinical O -criteria O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -correlation O -was O -found O -between O -the O -levels O -of O -either O -thyroid O -hormone O -measured O -or O -their O -ratio O -and O -the O -radioiodine O -uptakes O -and O -clearance O -rate O -, O -the O -plasma O -inorganic O -iodine B-Chemical -level O -, O -the O -absolute O -iodine B-Chemical -uptake O -or O -the O -serum O -TSH O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -to O -the O -editor O -: O -comment O -on O -Allen O -and O -Perrin O -' O -s O -1 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloromercuriferrocene I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -silver I-Chemical -method O -for O -the O -alleged O -electron O -histochemical O -denonstration O -ofsulfhydryl O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -basophil O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -induced O -by O -antigen O -and O -by O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -ionophore O -A23187 O -. O - -aps B-category -Ionophore O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -( O -Ion O -. O - -aps B-category -and O -antigen O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -( O -Ag O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -antiricinus O -agglutinin O -serum O -did O -not O -neutralize O -the O -biologic O -activities O -of O -the O -isolated O -ricin O -A O -and O -B O -chains O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -affinity O -of O -the O -reduced O -- O -alkylated O -molecules O -for O -target O -cells O -was O -evaluated O -by O -their O -ability O -1 O -) O -to O -sensitize O -primate O -skin O -in O -a O -reversed O -P O -- O -K O -reaction O -, O -2 O -) O -to O -sensitize O -human O -basophils O -in O -a O -reversed O -- O -type O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -and O -3 O -) O -to O -block O -passive O -sensitization O -with O -reaginic O -antibody O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -2 O -. O -305 O -sera O -positive O -for O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -were O -obtained O -from O -asymptomatic O -carriers O -throughout O -Japan O -and O -subtyped O -for O -the O -d O -, O -y O -, O -w O -, O -and O -r O -specificities O -by O -the O -hemagglutination O -inhibition O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -C5b O -- O -9 O -complex O -was O -dissociated O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -( O -SDS O -) O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -reducing O -agents O -, O -and O -analytical O -SDS O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -revealed O -seven O -protein O -bands O -after O -straining O -with O -Coomassie O -Blue O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -lymphocytes O -obtained O -18 O -days O -or O -later O -after O -primary O -immunization O -, O -although O -having O -no O -protective O -capacity O -and O -exhibiting O -minimal O -cytolytic O -activity O -in O -vitro O -, O -were O -able O -to O -regularly O -produce O -acute O -disease O -in O -virus O -- O -carrier O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -group O -of O -proteins O -contained O -members O -which O -differed O -in O -genetic O -origin O -, O -heavy O -chain O -class O -, O -kappa O -- O -chain O -subgroup O -, O -individual O -antigenic O -determinants O -and O -specificity O -for O -choline B-Chemical -analogues O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -a O -p O -- O -azobenzoate O -( O -PAB O -) O -derivative O -of O -a O -copolymer O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -D O -- O -lysine O -( O -D O -- O -GL O -) O -induced O -a O -profound O -state O -of O -unresponsiveness O -to O -PAB O -- O -reactive O -helper O -T O -lymphocytes O -generated O -in O -PAB O -- O -mouse O -gamma O -globulin O -( O -MGG O -) O -- O -primed O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -a O -more O -potent O -antagonist O -of O -barium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -spasm O -of O -guinea O -pig O -ileum O -than O -papaverine B-Chemical -but O -less O -effective O -in O -reverting O -a O -similar O -spasm O -of O -rabbit O -jejunum O -and O -had O -no O -relaxing O -effect O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Himachalol O -was O -devoid O -of O -spasmolytic O -effect O -on O -the O -bronchial O -musculature O -of O -guinea O -pig O -but O -was O -3 O -. O -3 O -times O -more O -potent O -than O -papaverine B-Chemical -in O -antagonizing O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -contraction O -of O -the O -guinea O -pig O -seminal O -vesicle O -. O - -aps B-category -Cytochemical O -and O -quantitative O -study O -of O -the O -structural O -changes O -induced O -by O -ethidium O -bromide B-Chemical -in O -plant O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -Contrast B-Chemical -in O -unstained O -sections O -: O -a O -comparison O -of O -bright O -and O -dark O -field O -electron O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Toxicological O -studies O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -ointment O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Toxicological O -studies O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -ointment O -. O - -aps B-category -Hydroxyethyl O -starch O -( O -6 O -g O -/ O -dl O -NaCl B-Chemical -) O -is O -a O -new O -polysaccharide O -volemic O -colloid O -similar O -in O -effect O -to O -dextran B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -70 I-Chemical -; O -70 O -% O -of O -an O -infused O -volume O -remains O -intravascular O -at O -3 O -hours O -and O -30 O -% O -at O -24 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -dextran B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -70 I-Chemical -and O -dextran B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -40 I-Chemical -on O -inhibiting O -thrombogenesis O -and O -facilitating O -blood O -flow O -in O -small O -vessels O -are O -due O -largely O -to O -hemodilution O -; O -the O -relative O -efficacy O -of O -hydroxyethyl O -starch O -for O -these O -purposes O -has O -not O -yet O -been O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -Water B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lead I-Chemical -levels O -were O -measured O -in O -the O -homes O -occupied O -during O -the O -first O -year O -of O -life O -by O -77 O -mentally O -retarded O -children O -aged O -two O -to O -six O -years O -and O -77 O -non O -- O -retarded O -matched O -controls O -, O -and O -in O -the O -homes O -occupied O -by O -their O -mothers O -during O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lead I-Chemical -levels O -were O -also O -significantly O -higher O -in O -the O -retarded O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -of O -the O -patients O -with O -antibodies O -measurable O -only O -by O -the O -I O -. O -D O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -previous O -reports O -, O -most O -patients O -( O -78 O -% O -) O -with O -a O -successful O -renal O -transplant O -being O -followed O -up O -at O -the O -University O -of O -Kentucky O -Medical O -Center O -had O -a O -normal O -serum O -- O -lipid O -profile O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -confirmed O -, O -the O -relative O -infrequency O -of O -hyperlipidaemia O -in O -patients O -of O -alternate O -- O -day O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -therapy O -would O -be O -an O -additional O -advantage O -of O -that O -therapy O -over O -a O -daily O -regimen O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -by O -which O -intravenous O -hyperalimentation O -rapidly O -lowers O -plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cholesterol I-Chemical -in O -severe O -hypercholesterolaemia O -is O -unknown O -. O - -aps B-category -Editorial O -: O -Evaluation O -of O -new O -smoking B-Chemical -products O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Oxprenolol B-Chemical -and O -a O -psoriasis O -- O -like O -eruption O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Obesity O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Methadone B-Chemical -maintenance O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Dapsone B-Chemical -in O -granuloma O -faciale O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -body O -and O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -during O -prolonged O -thiazide B-Chemical -therapy O -for O -essential O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -patients O -were O -receiving O -a O -single O -daily O -dose O -of O -10 O -mg O -. O -bendrofluazide B-Chemical -without O -potassium B-Chemical -supplements O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -group O -as O -a O -whole O -, O -a O -reduction O -of O -about O -1 O -mmol O -per O -litre O -in O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -potassium I-Chemical -was O -associated O -with O -an O -average O -reduction O -of O -10 O -% O -in O -T O -. O -B O -. O -K O -. O -, O -but O -there O -was O -a O -large O -individual O -variation O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -routine O -potassium B-Chemical -supplements O -are O -not O -essential O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -uncomplicated O -essential O -hypertension O -with O -thiazide B-Chemical -diuretics O -. O - -aps B-category -Metronidazole B-Chemical -for O -Crohn O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -three O -of O -them O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -and O -sulphasalazine B-Chemical -could O -be O -withdrawn O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -three O -patients O -metronidazole B-Chemical -was O -discontinued O -after O -4 O -- O -6 O -months O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Evaluation O -of O -new O -smoking B-Chemical -products O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -reports O -have O -associated O -intravenous O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -with O -gastrointestinal O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -find O -out O -, O -the O -authors O -studied O -the O -effects O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -( O -PGE2 B-Chemical -) O -on O -the O -radiological O -size O -of O -the O -gallbladder O -during O -oral O -cholecystography O -with O -16 O -g O -. O -of O -Solu O -- O -Biloptin O -( O -calcium B-Chemical -ipodate O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -PGE2 B-Chemical -, O -regardless O -of O -dose O -, O -did O -not O -change O -the O -form O -or O -size O -of O -the O -gallbladder O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Temperature O -regulation O -in O -helium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxygen I-Chemical -atmospheres O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Prolactin O -, O -levodopa B-Chemical -, O -and O -migraine O -. O - -aps B-category -Controlled O -prospective O -study O -of O -the O -effect O -on O -liver O -function O -of O -multiple O -exposures O -to O -halothane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -levels O -in O -the O -halothane B-Chemical -group O -were O -significantly O -higher O -than O -in O -the O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -patient O -in O -the O -halothane B-Chemical -group O -had O -an O -S O -. O -G O -. O -O O -. O -T O -. O - -aps B-category -Controlled O -trial O -of O -repeated O -halothane B-Chemical -anaesthetics O -in O -patients O -with O -carcinoma O -of O -the O -uterine O -cervix O -treated O -with O -radium O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminotransferase I-Chemical -( O -S O -. O -G O -. O -P O -. O -T O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Arbitrary O -selection O -of O -18 O -out O -of O -the O -39 O -patients O -would O -only O -give O -rise O -to O -the O -degree O -of O -abnormality O -observed O -in O -the O -halothane B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -group O -with O -a O -probability O -of O -about O -0 O -- O -02 O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -3 O -weeks O -of O -total O -parenteral O -alimentation O -before O -the O -operation O -, O -the O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cholesterol I-Chemical -decreased O -significantly O -in O -each O -of O -the O -four O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Postoperatively O -, O -the O -size O -of O -xanthomas O -decreased O -in O -all O -cases O -; O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cholesterol I-Chemical -levels O -rose O -above O -those O -achieved O -during O -hyperalimentation O -, O -and O -this O -rise O -continued O -for O -as O -long O -as O -3 O -months O -before O -a O -further O -reduction O -was O -recorded O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Absorption O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -in O -acrodermatitis O -enteropathica O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Status O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -patients O -as O -blood O -- O -donors O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Stratospheric O -ozone B-Chemical -destruction O -and O -halogenated O -anaesthetics O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Indomethacin B-Chemical -in O -hypercalcaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -and O -breast O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -this O -result O -is O -reassuring O -, O -it O -is O -important O -to O -remember O -that O -it O -mst O -be O -many O -years O -yet O -before O -the O -question O -of O -the O -possible O -relation O -between O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -and O -breast O -cancer O -is O -finally O -settled O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -paper O -describes O -clinical O -experimence O -, O -in O -100 O -patients O -, O -with O -the O -new O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -barbiturate I-Chemical -, O -water O -soluble O -induction O -agent O -, O -etomidate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Potentiation O -of O -antidepressant B-Chemical -action O -of O -clomipramine B-Chemical -by O -tryptophan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Dopamine B-Chemical -and O -Huntington O -' O -s O -chorea O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Is O -your O -iron B-Chemical -and O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -capacity O -really O -necessary O -? O - -aps B-category -In O -explorations O -with O -42 O -patients O -, O -who O -have O -got O -2 O -g O -of O -fat O -per O -kg O -body O -weight O -, O -Heidsick O -, O -a O -member O -of O -our O -hospital O -, O -discussed O -quantitative O -and O -qualitative O -changing O -in O -basophil O -leucocytes O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -triglyceride B-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -blood O -and O -the O -body O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -Propafenon O -( O -SA O -79 O -, O -Fenoprain O -, O -Baxarytmon O -) O -is O -a O -new O -antiarrhythmic O -agent O -with O -" O -quinidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -" O -localanaesthetic O -direct O -membrane O -and O -beta O -adrenergic O -blocking O -actions O -. O - -aps B-category -Premature O -chromosme O -condensation O -in O -the O -bone O -marrow O -of O -Chinese O -hamster O -after O -application O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -are O -interpreted O -as O -follows O -: O -bleomycin B-Chemical -induces O -chromosomal O -aberrations O -that O -in O -turn O -give O -rise O -to O -micronuclei O -by O -means O -of O -lagging O -chromatin O -, O -main O -and O -micronuclei O -eventually O -become O -asynchronous O -in O -their O -cell O -cycles O -and O -mitosing O -main O -nuclei O -induce O -PCC O -in O -the O -micronuclei O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -four O -infants O -with O -pulmonary O -atresia O -in O -whom O -shunts O -had O -been O -unsuccessful O -or O -were O -technically O -not O -feasible O -, O -this O -procedure O -produced O -rapid O -improvement O -of O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -that O -was O -maintained O -in O -three O -infants O -for O -one O -to O -nine O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Streaking O -with O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hormone O -and O -metabolic O -response O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -growth O -hormone O -were O -compared O -to O -cancer O -patients O -and O -control O -subjects O -; O -thyroid O -, O -adrenal O -and O -pituitary O -function O -were O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Cortisol O -and O -protein O -- O -bound O -iodine B-Chemical -levels O -were O -normal O -and O -there O -was O -no O -lipolytic O -factor O -in O -the O -sera O -of O -breast O -cancer O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -work O -of O -Scott O -with O -cyproterone B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -in O -a O -group O -of O -13 O -patients O -with O -nodular O -hyperplasia O -demonstrated O -improvement O -of O -the O -obstructive O -symptoms O -in O -11 O -patients O -, O -an O -increased O -flow O -rate O -in O -9 O -, O -reduction O -of O -residual O -urine O -in O -8 O -, O -decrease O -in O -prostatic O -size O -in O -7 O -, O -and O -epithelial O -histologic O -changes O -in O -8 O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -remission O -or O -treatment O -with O -ACTH B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -steroids B-Chemical -, O -the O -alpha O -- O -2 O -ceruloplasmin O -, O -7S O -- O -gamma O -- O -1 O -, O -and O -cytotoxic O -index O -were O -significantly O -reduced O -and O -the O -pre O -- O -albumin O -, O -alpha O -- O -1 O -, O -and O -alpha O -- O -2 O -globulin O -classes O -and O -the O -beta O -/ O -gamma O -ratio O -showed O -a O -tendency O -to O -return O -to O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Four O -years O -of O -clinical O -experience O -with O -the O -cardio O -- O -eurhythmic O -action O -of O -verapamil B-Chemical -in O -intravenous O -administration O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -four O -cases O -with O -clinical O -diagnosis O -of O -" O -pars O -planitis O -" O -fluorescein B-Chemical -angiography O -was O -performed O -and O -macular O -area O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -preliminary O -communication O -, O -the O -authors O -compare O -the O -success O -coefficients O -of O -pertechnate O -99m O -- O -Tc O -and O -of O -a O -new O -labelled O -molecule O -: O -calcium B-Chemical -gluconate I-Chemical -99m O -- O -Tc O -, O -in O -a O -group O -of O -32 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -that O -medical O -treatment O -of O -prostatic O -adenoma O -might O -be O -feasible O -using O -substances O -inhibiting O -the O -5alpha O -- O -reduction O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -binding O -of O -these O -Ig O -fractions O -to O -mouse O -splenocytes O -was O -tested O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -17 O -saccharides O -, O -no O -inhibition O -of O -binding O -was O -observed O -except O -by O -sialic O -acid O -, O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -, O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -D O -- O -glucosamine O -, O -and O -D O -- O -mannose O -, O -all O -of O -which O -showed O -partial O -inhibition O -. O - -aps B-category -Thermochemotherapy O -: O -synergism O -between O -hyperthermia O -( O -42 O -- O -43 O -degrees O -) O -and O -adriamycin B-Chemical -( O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -) O -in O -mammalian O -cell O -inactivation O -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -after O -bleomycin B-Chemical -exposure O -at O -37 O -degrees O -repair O -potentially O -lethal O -damage O -, O -and O -43 O -degrees O -inhibits O -this O -repair O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -fluorescence O -measurements O -show O -that O -at O -43 O -degrees O -much O -more O -adriamycin B-Chemical -is O -able O -to O -enter O -the O -cells O -than O -at O -37 O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -Oncornaviral O -protein O -modulation O -in O -mouse O -uterine O -tissue O -by O -estrogen B-Chemical -( O -38467 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extent O -that O -these O -markers O -were O -raised O -was O -dependent O -on O -the O -relative O -biological O -potency O -of O -the O -estrogen B-Chemical -and O -on O -the O -time O -interval O -following O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -treatment O -of O -the O -antigen O -with O -0 O -. O -5 O -NaOH B-Chemical -at O -20 O -degrees O -for O -2 O -hr O -completely O -abolished O -its O -ability O -to O -react O -with O -antiserum O -, O -whereas O -its O -ability O -to O -precipitate O -with O -a O -series O -of O -lectins O -was O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -immunosuppressive O -activity O -of O -steroids B-Chemical -in O -mice O -inoculated O -with O -the O -Moloney O -Sarcoma O -virus O -( O -38503 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -steroids B-Chemical -reported O -to O -have O -immunosuppressive O -activity O -in O -other O -assay O -systems O -, O -namely O -, O -cortisol B-Chemical -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -, O -were O -also O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -liver O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -G6PD O -) O -and O -malic O -enzyme O -( O -ME O -) O -activities O -were O -increased O -by O -starvation O -- O -refeeding O -to O -levels O -above O -those O -found O -in O -rats O -fed O -ad O -libitum O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -8 O -- O -azahypoxanthine O -, O -8 O -- O -azaxanthine O -and O -5 O -- O -azauracil O -were O -neither O -effective O -in O -preventing O -the O -enzyme O -overshoot O -, O -nor O -toxic O -to O -the O -animals O -, O -it O -was O -concluded O -that O -the O -toxiciyty O -to O -the O -animals O -of O -8 O -- O -azaadenine O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -is O -due O -to O -the O -compounds O -themselves O -rather O -than O -to O -the O -breakdown O -products O -. O - -aps B-category -Again O -by O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -immunization O -with O -fetal O -cells O -was O -effective O -in O -evoking O -tumor O -immunity O -. O - -aps B-category -BHDB O -produced O -low O -plasma O -T4 O -and O -T3 O -concentrations O -similar O -to O -those O -produced O -by O -methimazole B-Chemical -, O -but O -failed O -to O -elevate O -plasma O -TSH O -and O -to O -produce O -goiter O -because O -of O -displacement O -of O -T4 O -from O -the O -binding O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ammonical O -silver B-Chemical -reaction O -for O -basic O -nuclear O -proteins O -in O -the O -spermatids O -of O -the O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -Urine O -was O -collected O -quantitatively O -throughout O -the O -whole O -investigation O -for O -determination O -of O -iodine B-Chemical -and O -creatinine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thyroidal O -radioiodine O -studies O -were O -performed O -, O -levels O -of O -plasma O -inorganic O -iodine B-Chemical -were O -calculated O -, O -and O -thyroxine B-Chemical -, O -protein O -- O -bound O -iodine B-Chemical -, O -and O -total O -iodine B-Chemical -in O -serum O -were O -determined O -before O -and O -during O -erythrosine O -ingestion O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -clinical O -aspects O -of O -thyroidal O -iodine B-Chemical -metabolism O -we O -conclude O -that O -at O -most O -7 O -. O -8 O -per O -cent O -of O -the O -iodine B-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -ingested O -erythrosine O -could O -have O -supplemented O -the O -iodine B-Chemical -space O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incorporation O -of O -C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -14 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -uridine I-Chemical -triphosphate O -( O -C O -- O -14 O -- O -UTP O -) O -into O -the O -acid O -- O -insoluble O -fraction O -requires O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -other O -three O -ribonucleoside O -triphosphates O -; O -it O -is O -inhibited O -by O -actinomycin O -, O -olivomycin O -, O -and O -ethidium O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -and O -is O -stimulated O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -functional O -state O -of O -the O -thyroid O -gland O -of O -the O -mother O -and O -fetus O -was O -studied O -in O -different O -periods O -of O -intrauterine O -development O -of O -rabbits O -, O -as O -well O -as O -in O -newborn O -rabbits O -according O -to O -the O -level O -of O -protein O -- O -bound O -iodine B-Chemical -( O -PBI O -) O -in O -the O -blood O -plasma O -and O -thyroid O -gland O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -on O -the O -permeability O -of O -the O -endothelium O -of O -the O -aorta O -has O -been O -studied O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rats O -subjected O -to O -estrogen B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -the O -degree O -of O -silver B-Chemical -penetration O -through O -the O -endothelium O -was O -significantly O -higher O -than O -in O -untreated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Thrombosis O -in O -females O -using O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -often O -has O -an O -aberrant O -localization O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -contribution O -to O -the O -question O -of O -the O -possible O -hepatocarcinogenic O -effects O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -view O -of O -the O -actual O -residue O -level O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -the O -probability O -of O -carcinogenic O -risk O -to O -man O -would O -appear O -remote O -. O - -aps B-category -Management O -of O -adenocarcinoma O -of O -prostate O -with O -diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical -diphosphate O -and O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -of O -7 O -patients O -had O -a O -good O -response O -when O -treated O -with O -diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical -diphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cytoplasm O -of O -the O -adenoma O -cells O -failed O -to O -stain O -with O -PAS O -, O -aniline O -blue O -, O -adehyde O -fuchsin O -, O -aldehyde B-Chemical -thionin O -, O -orange O -G O -or O -light O -green O -, O -but O -positively O -stained O -granules O -were O -found O -by O -using O -erythrosine O -or O -carmosine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acute O -electrophysiologic O -effects O -of O -a O -bolus O -injection O -of O -100 O -mg O -. O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -were O -investigated O -in O -39 O -patients O -with O -impulse O -formation O -and O -conduction O -defects O -by O -means O -of O -His O -- O -bundle O -recording O -and O -were O -correlated O -with O -plasma O -lidocaine B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Lidocaine B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -on O -ventricular O -automaticity O -in O -three O -patients O -with O -complete O -heart O -block O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -lidocaine B-Chemical -is O -safe O -in O -patients O -with O -high O -degrees O -of O -A O -- O -V O -nodal O -block O -and O -in O -patients O -with O -impulse O -formation O -disturbances O -. O - -aps B-category -Edrophonium B-Chemical -( O -10 O -mg O -. O -) O -produced O -less O -bradycardia O -and O -less O -reliable O -PVC O -suppression O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -evidence O -suggested O -that O -interruption O -of O -worker O -' O -s O -exposure O -to O -flax O -dust O -may O -lead B-Chemical -to O -severe O -symptoms O -of O -byssinosis O -on O -their O -return O -to O -work O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -biologic O -response O -from O -exposure O -to O -a O -12 O -% O -subtilisin O -Carlsberg O -preparation O -is O -shown O -to O -be O -one O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -in O -the O -guinea O -pig O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -challenge O -by O -intratracheal O -injection O -of O -a O -saline O -solution O -containing O -the O -subtilisin O -preparation O -, O -the O -guinea O -pigs O -pretreated O -with O -the O -same O -preparation O -showed O -a O -markedly O -reduced O -liver O -histamine B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzene I-Chemical -hexachloride O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -association O -of O -alcoholism O -with O -cancer O -of O -the O -liver O -is O -thus O -very O -striking O -and O -hence O -alcohol B-Chemical -should O -be O -proclaimed O -as O -a O -carcinogenic O -substance O -. O - -aps B-category -Interactions O -in O -the O -uptake O -between O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -estradiol B-Chemical -in O -the O -human O -uterus O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -mechanism O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -during O -active O -vasodilatation O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -from O -its O -storage O -site O -is O -mediated O -by O -an O -alpha O -- O -receptor O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -Relative O -analgesic O -potencies O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -hydromorphone B-Chemical -in O -postoperative O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -first O -study O -, O -hydromorphone B-Chemical -, O -1 O -and O -2 O -mg O -, O -was O -compared O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -5 O -and O -10 O -mg O -, O -in O -31 O -postoperative O -patients O -; O -in O -the O -second O -, O -hydromorphone B-Chemical -, O -0 O -. O -5 O -and O -1 O -mg O -, O -was O -compared O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -5 O -and O -10 O -mg O -, O -in O -112 O -postoperative O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Combination O -of O -delta9 O -- O -tetrahydrocannabinol O -with O -oxymorphone O -or O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -: O -Effects O -on O -ventilatory O -control O -and O -cardiovascular O -dynamics O -. O - -aps B-category -Pentobarbital B-Chemical -alone O -, O -100 O -mg O -/ O -70 O -kg O -, O -iv O -, O -caused O -no O -significant O -ventilatory O -or O -cardiovascular O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -of O -the O -treatment O -regimens O -, O -except O -for O -the O -2 O -containing O -thyroid O -powder O -, O -decreased O -the O -plasma O -concentrations O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -and O -protein O -- O -bound O -iodine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -of O -them O -have O -been O -recatheterized O -, O -and O -the O -results O -indicate O -substantial O -improvement O -in O -postoperative O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -with O -change O -in O -pulmonary O -vascular O -resistance O -. O - -aps B-category -Quinidine B-Chemical -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Discontinuance O -of O -quinidine B-Chemical -therapy O -led O -to O -normalization O -of O -liver O -function O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -concluded O -that O -this O -patient O -had O -quinidine B-Chemical -hepatotoxicity O -and O -believe O -that O -this O -is O -the O -first O -case O -reported O -with O -liver O -biopsy O -documentation O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -A O -method O -of O -silver B-Chemical -impregnation O -for O -reticular O -stroma O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -activity O -in O -the O -epithelium O -and O -propria O -was O -comparable O -to O -that O -in O -glue O -ears O -, O -with O -some O -increase O -in O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -and O -some O -decrease O -in O -proprial O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -determine O -the O -possible O -mechanisms O -whereby O -interactions O -between O -phagocytic O -cells O -and O -crystals O -of O -monosodium O -urate B-Chemical -( O -MSU O -) O -lead B-Chemical -to O -cell O -death O -with O -simultaneous O -release O -of O -both O -cytoplasmic O -and O -lysosomal O -enzymes O -, O -phagocytic O -leukocytes O -of O -the O -smooth O -dogfish O -shart O -Mustelus O -canis O -were O -studied O -by O -means O -of O -light O -and O -electron O -microscopy O -, O -and O -biochemistry O -. O - -aps B-category -Preincubation O -with O -10 O -- O -3 O -M O -cyclic B-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -( O -cAMP B-Chemical -) O -and O -theophylline B-Chemical -( O -10 O -- O -3 O -M O -) O -, O -which O -inhibit O -lysosomal O -fusion O -, O -reduced O -the O -release O -of O -both O -LDH O -and O -beta O -- O -glucuronidase O -activities O -to O -7 O -% O -and O -6 O -% O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Insecticide O -residues O -in O -non O -- O -target O -areas O -of O -rooms O -after O -two O -methods O -of O -crack B-Chemical -and O -crevice O -application O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -immediate O -hypersensitivity O -reactions O -in O -laboratory O -animals O -by O -a O -phenanthroline O -salt B-Chemical -( O -ICI O -74 O -, O -917 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -administration O -of O -the O -compound O -has O -no O -significant O -effect O -upon O -local O -blueing O -reactions O -provoked O -in O -the O -rat O -by O -intradermal O -injection O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -or O -Compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distribution O -and O -dosimetry O -of O -111 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -IN I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bleomycin I-Chemical -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -111 O -- O -In O -- O -labelled O -bleomycin B-Chemical -; O -clinical O -experience O -as O -a O -diagnostic O -agent O -in O -tumours O -of O -the O -thorax O -and O -abdomen O -. O - -aps B-category -Sixty O -- O -five O -patients O -were O -scanned O -on O -72 O -occasions O -, O -the O -optimum O -time O -to O -perform O -the O -examination O -being O -72 O -hours O -after O -the O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -2 O -mCi O -111 O -- O -In O -chelated O -to O -2 O -mg O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -patient O -suffering O -from O -primary O -hyperoxaluria O -with O -oxalosis O -a O -progressive O -peripheral O -neuropathy O -was O -associated O -with O -intra O -- O -axonal O -deposition O -of O -microcrystals O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -oxalate O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -brain O -hydrolytic O -enzyme O -activities O -in O -rats O -treated O -with O -cholesterol B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -inhibitor O -, O -AY9944 O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -chemotherapy O -- O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -carcinogen O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -at O -a O -level O -of O -4 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -in O -the O -culture O -fluid O -induced O -morphologic O -changes O -that O -were O -not O -observed O -in O -untreated O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -found O -in O -CEA O -: O -lysine O -, O -histidine O -, O -arginine O -, O -aspartic O -acid O -, O -threonine O -, O -serine O -, O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -proline O -, O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -valine O -, O -emthionine O -, O -isoleucine O -, O -leucine B-Chemical -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -, O -phenylalanine O -, O -and O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -N O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -was O -lysine O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -topical O -application O -of O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -of O -crotol O -oil O -or O -17 O -nmoles O -of O -12 O -- O -O O -- O -tetradecanoyl O -- O -phorbol O -- O -13 O -- O -acetate O -( O -TPA O -) O -resulted O -in O -a O -rapid O -, O -transient O -stimulation O -of O -mouse O -epidermal O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Phorbol O -, O -the O -nonpromoting O -parent O -alcohol B-Chemical -of O -TPA O -, O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -enzymes O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunoglobulin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -and O -the O -F O -( O -ab O -' O -) O -2 O -and O -Fab O -fragments O -derived O -from O -it O -were O -prepared O -from O -an O -anti O -- O -CEA O -serum O -and O -tested O -for O -their O -abioity O -to O -bind O -CEA O -. O - -aps B-category -Earlier O -statements O -to O -the O -contrary O -, O -the O -present O -study O -demonstrates O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -cell O -surface O -coat O -( O -glycocalyx O -) O -on O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -plasma O -membrane O -of O -the O -superficial O -transitional O -epithelial O -cells O -lining O -the O -urinary O -bladder O -of O -male O -Buffalo O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Echocardiographic O -contrast B-Chemical -studies O -performed O -by O -injecting O -indocyanine B-Chemical -green I-Chemical -via O -catheters O -placed O -on O -either O -side O -of O -the O -intra O -- O -atrial O -baffle O -identified O -it O -as O -the O -source O -of O -these O -echoes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -affinity O -of O -cartilage O -for O -high O -iron B-Chemical -diamine O -and O -alcian O -blue O -stains O -was O -also O -diminished O -, O -although O -less O -dramatically O -; O -these O -stains O -demonstrated O -the O -concentration O -of O -glycosaminoglycans O -more O -accurately O -than O -metachromatic O -stains O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -only O -1 O -or O -2 O -days O -of O -immobilization O -, O -the O -chondrocytes O -in O -the O -gliding O -surface O -of O -the O -joint O -stained O -intensely O -with O -colloidal O -iron B-Chemical -whereas O -those O -in O -the O -controls O -stained O -very O -minimally O -. O - -aps B-category -Lysosomal O -enzymes O -, O -catalase O -, O -6 O -- O -phospho O -- O -gluconic O -acid O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -were O -uniformly O -distributed O -. O - -aps B-category -- O -Although O -Giemsa O -is O -a O -complex O -mixture O -of O -thiazin O -dyes O -plus O -eosin B-Chemical -; O -methylene O -blue O -, O -and O -azure O -A O -, O -B O -or O -C O -alone O -gave O -good O -banding O -. O - -aps B-category -Single O -or O -double O -stranded O -nucleotide B-Chemical -polymers O -, O -in O -the O -form O -of O -complete O -or O -partial O -helices O -, O -were O -1000 O -- O -fold O -more O -effective O -in O -quenching O -than O -solutions O -of O -single O -nucleotides O -, O -suggesting O -that O -base O -stacking O -is O -required O -for O -quenching O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -prospective O -study O -18 O -patients O -with O -metastasizing O -testicular O -teratomas O -were O -treated O -with O -adriamycin B-Chemical -, O -bleomycin B-Chemical -and O -vincristin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Affinity O -chromatography O -of O -human O -, O -rat O -and O -mouse O -alpha O -- O -fetoprotein O -on O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sepharose I-Chemical -adsorbents O -. O - -aps B-category -Frozen O -sections O -can O -be O -used O -for O -autoradiography O -if O -they O -are O -mounted O -on O -subbed O -slides O -, O -dehydrated O -in O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -defatted O -for O -1 O -hour O -in O -xylene O -, O -rehydrated O -through O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -water O -, O -and O -dried O -before O -coating O -with O -emulsion O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -useful O -stain O -combination O -for O -ARNT O -is O -Luxol O -fast O -blue O -stained O -before O -coating O -and O -cresyl B-Chemical -violet I-Chemical -stained O -after O -developing O -which O -demonstrates O -both O -neuronal O -cell O -bodies O -and O -myelinated O -tracts O -in O -the O -same O -section O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -days O -3 O -and O -4 O -of O -pregnancy O -the O -specific O -antigens O -were O -prominent O -in O -the O -endometrial O -glands O -and O -stroma O -and O -along O -the O -apical O -borders O -of O -some O -luminal B-Chemical -epithelial O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -progesterone B-Chemical -( O -after O -estrogen B-Chemical -priming O -) O -promoted O -the O -appearance O -of O -these O -components O -, O -and O -the O -distribution O -resembled O -that O -seen O -in O -uteri O -of O -3 O -- O -and O -4 O -- O -day O -pregnant O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Variations O -in O -thyroid O -activity O -and O -respiratory O -rate O -during O -a O -24 O -- O -hr O -period O -and O -role O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -thyroxine B-Chemical -on O -the O -oxidative O -metabolism O -of O -the O -water O -snake O -, O -Natrix O -piscator O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -irradiated O -recipients O -repopulated O -with O -spleen O -cells O -from O -donors O -primed O -with O -TMV O -and O -injected O -with O -tritiated O -thymidine B-Chemical -2 O -hours O -before O -killing O -, O -the O -majority O -of O -plasms O -cells O -appearing O -in O -the O -spleen O -after O -antigen O -injection O -were O -labelled O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -allowed O -us O -to O -exclude O -non O -- O -specific O -reutilization O -of O -labelled O -thymidine B-Chemical -as O -the O -main O -reason O -of O -our O -observations O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -Cy O -) O -treatment O -before O -priming O -with O -complexes O -induced O -enhanced O -DH O -against O -complexes O -with O -sufficient O -hapten O -: O -carrier O -ratio O -. O - -aps B-category -Release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -from O -rat O -mast O -cells O -by O -the O -complement O -peptides O -C3a O -and O -C5a O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -peptides O -, O -derived O -from O -human O -or O -porcine O -complement O -proteins O -C3 O -and O -C5 O -, O -were O -less O -potent O -than O -48 O -/ O -80 O -but O -more O -potent O -than O -bradykinin B-Chemical -in O -stimulating O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -from O -mast O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -C3a O -and O -C5a O -were O -added O -together O -to O -mast O -cell O -suspensions O -, O -the O -amount O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -released O -was O -additive O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -activity O -( O -as O -well O -as O -smooth O -muscle O -- O -stimulating O -activity O -) O -was O -abolished O -when O -the O -peptides O -were O -treated O -with O -pancreatic O -carboxy O -- O -peptidase O -B O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -synthetic O -tryptophan B-Chemical -peptide O -matching O -residue O -115 O -- O -126 O -of O -human O -BPM O -is O -mixed O -with O -normal O -human O -serum O -it O -loses O -both O -its O -encephalitogenic O -and O -immunogenic O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -to O -Hale O -' O -s O -colloidal O -iron B-Chemical -method O -is O -lost O -after O -digestion O -with O -neuraminidase O -. O - -aps B-category -Characterisation O -and O -quantitation O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -in O -urine O -using O -high O -- O -pressure O -liquid O -chromatography O -with O -fluorescence O -detection O -. O - -aps B-category -Levels O -down O -to O -0 O -. O -01 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -can O -be O -quantitatively O -detected O -in O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -locus O -ceruleus O -( O -LC O -) O -of O -the O -rhesus O -monkey O -( O -Macaca O -mulatta O -) O -was O -investigated O -using O -the O -histochemical O -fluorescence O -method O -and O -Nissl O -and O -ammoniacal O -silver B-Chemical -stains O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -silver B-Chemical -stains O -therefore O -offer O -an O -alternative O -to O -the O -histochemical O -fluorescence O -method O -for O -identifying O -the O -monoamine O -- O -containing O -LC O -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -histamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -venous O -effluent O -from O -his O -hand O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -with O -cholinergic O -urticaria O -possessed O -elevated O -plasma O -histamine B-Chemical -levels O -during O -and O -after O -vigorous O -exercise O -for O -10 O -minutes O -; O -these O -patients O -also O -gave O -a O -positive O -test O -for O -vibration O -- O -induced O -angioedema O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -histamine B-Chemical -is O -the O -major O -mediator O -of O -urticaria O -and O -hypotension O -in O -cold O -urticaria O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunological O -tolerance O -has O -been O -induced O -in O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dinitrophenyl O -( O -DNP O -) O -- O -specific O -bone O -marrow O -- O -derived O -or O -B O -lymphocytes O -of O -the O -IgE O -AND O -IgG O -antibody O -classes O -by O -treatment O -of O -rats O -with O -the O -DNP O -derivative O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -copolymer O -, O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -D O -- O -lysine O -( O -D O -- O -GL O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Finally O -, O -it O -is O -proposed O -that O -many O -effects O -of O -transfer O -factor O -may O -be O -due O -to O -changes O -in O -intracellular O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -content O -, O -especially O -accumulation O -of O -cGMP B-Chemical -, O -in O -immunologically O -reactive O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Allergic O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -leukocytes O -was O -compared O -in O -three O -different O -media O -: O -Tyrode O -physiologic O -saline O -solution O -, O -Tris O -- O -buffered O -saline O -containing O -human O -albumin O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -( O -Tris O -- O -ACM O -) O -, O -and O -Tris O -- O -ACM O -with O -homologous O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -homologous O -serum O -was O -added O -to O -Tris O -- O -acm O -, O -an O -enhancement O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -greater O -than O -with O -Tyrode O -solution O -was O -obtained O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -Tyrode O -solution O -contains O -no O -serum O -proteins O -that O -bind O -slow O -- O -reacting O -substance O -of O -anaphylaxis O -or O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -, O -the O -use O -of O -this O -medium O -may O -be O -advantageous O -for O -the O -study O -of O -the O -release O -of O -the O -chemical O -mediators O -from O -human O -leukocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Subtypes O -of O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -in O -Southeast O -Asia O -. O - -aps B-category -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -was O -found O -with O -approximately O -equal O -frequency O -in O -Thai O -( O -43 O -percent O -) O -and O -American O -( O -39 O -percent O -) O -patients O -with O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -asymptomatic O -Thais O -, O -the O -ratio O -of O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -/ O -adr O -to O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -/ O -adw O -was O -approximately O -10 O -: O -1 O -, O -with O -one O -exception O -: O -adw O -was O -not O -detected O -in O -a O -rural O -population O -of O -northern O -Thailand O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -turnover O -to O -other O -parameters O -of O -peripheral O -thyroid O -function O -in O -Graves O -' O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -25 O -patients O -, O -thyroxine B-Chemical -turnover O -was O -also O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -- O -free O -thyroxine B-Chemical -fraction O -correlated O -with O -serum O -- O -free O -triiodothyronine O -fraction O -( O -r O -equals O -0 O -. O -8445 O -) O -, O -suggesting O -that O -similar O -factors O -in O -serum O -controlled O -the O -intensity O -of O -protein O -binding O -for O -both O -thyroxine B-Chemical -and O -triiodothyronine O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -an O -experimental O -study O -using O -rabbits O -, O -bone O -is O -supercooled O -by O -means O -of O -liquid O -nitrogen B-Chemical -flowing O -through O -a O -silicone O -chamber O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -receptor O -showed O -a O -relatively O -high O -affinity O -for O -this O -compound O -whereas O -binding O -could O -not O -be O -demonstrated O -with O -other O -labelled O -C19 O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -were O -detected O -in O -the O -serum O -two O -weeks O -after O -injection O -and O -at O -this O -stage O -were O -exclusively O -mercapto B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethanol I-Chemical -( O -ME O -) O -sensitive O -; O -ME O -- O -resistant O -antibodies O -had O -appeared O -by O -four O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -LPS O -extracted O -from O -one O -parent O -and O -two O -FOR O -strains O -by O -the O -phenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -water I-Chemical -and O -the O -phenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloroform I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -light I-Chemical -petroleum O -methods O -have O -been O -subjected O -to O -passive O -haemagglutination O -inhibition O -and O -methylation O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -audio O -- O -based O -method O -of O -instruction O -on O -the O -topic O -of O -diuretic B-Chemical -drugs O -was O -compared O -with O -the O -lecture O -method O -using O -a O -random O -sample O -of O -66 O -sophomore O -medical O -students O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -polypeptide O -was O -shown O -to O -possess O -both O -group O -- O -and O -type O -- O -specific O -antigenic O -determinants O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -27 O -, O -000 O -mol O -wt O -polypeptide O -, O -which O -contained O -only O -group O -- O -specific O -determinants O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Experimental O -studies O -on O -accumulation O -and O -disintegration O -of O -benzene B-Chemical -hexachloride O -( O -BHC O -) O -compounds O -in O -fishes O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Use O -of O -the O -colorimetric O -method O -of O -determination O -of O -nonesterified O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -blood O -serum O -for O -evaluation O -of O -liver O -function O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -method O -for O -detecting O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -snake O -excrement O -by O -staining O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -cases O -of O -hepatocellular O -carcinoma O -are O -reported O -in O -young O -men O -who O -had O -been O -taking O -androgenic O -- O -anabolic O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Biochemical O -tests O -of O -liver O -function O -and O -serum O -alphs O -- O -fetoprotein O -estimation O -are O -not O -useful O -as O -screening O -- O -tests O -for O -hepatoma O -in O -patients O -taking O -androgens B-Chemical -, O -and O -regular O -isotopic O -liver O -- O -scanning O -is O -recommended O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Aspirin B-Chemical -in O -exercise O -- O -induced O -asthma O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Interaction O -between O -thyroxine B-Chemical -and O -35 O -- O -S O -- O -labelled O -antithyroid O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Heparin B-Chemical -in O -diabetic O -hetoacidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Bacteraemia O -caused O -by O -tetracycline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -Pneumococcus O -type O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Abnormal O -leucocyte O -composition O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -transport O -in O -essential O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -abnormalities O -in O -cell O -sodium B-Chemical -transport O -may O -possibly O -be O -related O -to O -mechanisms O -of O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clearance O -of O -plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triglyceride I-Chemical -transported O -on O -very O -- O -low O -- O -density O -lipoproteins O -( O -V O -. O -L O -. O -D O -. O -I O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -fasting O -plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triglycerides I-Chemical -greater O -than O -400 O -mg O -. O -per O -100 O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -are O -secreting O -triglycerides B-Chemical -into O -blood O -at O -greater O -rates O -than O -controls O -; O -whereas O -patients O -with O -sever O -hypertriglyceridaemia O -( O -levels O -greater O -than O -400 O -mg O -. O -per O -100 O -ml O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Serum O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -triglyceride B-Chemical -levels O -were O -similar O -, O -but O -blood O -- O -pressure O -was O -higher O -in O -Kansas O -City O -, O -Kansas O -, O -and O -this O -correlated O -with O -higher O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -, O -lower O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -potassium I-Chemical -, O -and O -a O -tenfold O -higher O -serum O -- O -cadmium O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -5 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -girl O -with O -a O -history O -of O -recurrent O -infection O -and O -anaemia O -has O -no O -measurable O -purine B-Chemical -nucleoside B-Chemical -phosphorylase O -( O -N O -. O -P O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Coronary O -heart O -- O -disease O -and O -blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cholesterol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Moorgate O -tube O -disaster O -: O -disputed O -alcohol B-Chemical -findings O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Lithium B-Chemical -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -phagocytosis O -of O -Streptococcus O -faecalis O -, O -an O -organism O -readily O -killed O -by O -C O -. O -G O -. O -D O -. O - -aps B-category -Consequently O -, O -this O -enzyme O -would O -metabolise O -a O -greater O -proportion O -of O -available O -amine B-Chemical -, O -causing O -a O -proportionately O -large O -decrease O -in O -the O -smaller O -conjugate O -pool O -. O - -aps B-category -10 O -percent O -glycerol O -was O -given O -for O -6 O -days O -to O -30 O -patients O -who O -had O -had O -acute O -ischaemic O -cerebral O -infarction O -, O -and O -the O -results O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -obtained O -after O -treating O -31 O -similar O -patients O -with O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -( O -16 O -mg O -. O -per O -24 O -hours O -for O -6 O -days O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -improvement O -was O -noted O -using O -either O -glycerol O -or O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -in O -7 O -patients O -with O -spontaneous O -intracerebral O -haemorrhage O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibility O -that O -this O -finding O -was O -due O -either O -to O -an O -association O -between O -antihypertensive O -medication O -in O -general O -, O -and O -cancer O -, O -or O -to O -an O -association O -was O -found O -that O -could O -explain O -the O -excess O -cancer O -mortality O -among O -those O -with O -elevated O -blood O -- O -pressure O -in O -1958 O -, O -either O -with O -medication O -in O -general O -, O -or O -with O -reserpine B-Chemical -and O -rauwolfia O -in O -particular O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -one O -group O -urinary O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -and O -magnesium B-Chemical -/ O -calcium B-Chemical -ratios O -were O -similar O -, O -ten O -days O -after O -arrival O -in O -the O -Gulf O -during O -the O -" O -cold O -season O -" O -, O -to O -those O -found O -in O -the O -U O -. O -K O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -firstly O -suggested O -that O -an O -insulinised O -liver O -( O -reflecting O -residual O -beta O -- O -cell O -secretory O -activity O -) O -coexists O -with O -a O -diabetic O -periphery O -, O -thereby O -inactivating O -intrahepatic O -oxidation O -of O -incoming O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -which O -are O -directed O -largly O -along O -nonketogenic O -metabolic O -pathways O -such O -as O -triglyceride B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Parkinsonism O -and O -dementia O -: O -effects O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Chronic O -low O -- O -level O -lead B-Chemical -exposure O -and O -mental O -retardation O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Body O -potassium B-Chemical -during O -prolonged O -thiazide B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Disturbed O -brain O -tryptophan B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -hepatic O -coma O -. O - -aps B-category -Breath O -hydrogen B-Chemical -as O -a O -diagnostic O -method O -for O -hypolactasia O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifteen O -patients O -with O -a O -blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -rise O -of O -more O -than O -20 O -mg O -. O -per O -100 O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -when O -the O -primary O -disease O -was O -corrected O -by O -diet O -and O -extra O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -, O -respectively O -, O -both O -patients O -developed O -hypercalcaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Interpretation O -of O -total O -plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -calcium I-Chemical -is O -likely O -to O -be O -unreliable O -unless O -the O -25 O -- O -hydroxyvitamin O -- O -D O -levels O -can O -be O -shown O -or O -assumed O -to O -be O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Bone O -- O -marrow O -cells O -resistant O -to O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -in O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -aplastic O -anaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Clinical O -significance O -of O -HBsAg B-Chemical -subtypes O -D O -and O -Y O -in O -acute O -viral O -hepatitis O -B O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Effect O -of O -ketamine B-Chemical -on O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphokinase O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Vitamins O -and O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -pronounced O -reduction O -in O -plasma O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -low O -- O -density O -lipoprotein O -( O -L O -. O -D O -. O -L O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -By O -pre O -- O -labelling O -the O -patients O -' O -cholesterol B-Chemical -with O -14 O -- O -C O -and O -comparing O -the O -specific O -activity O -of O -the O -cholesterol B-Chemical -in O -adipose O -tissue O -with O -that O -in O -plasma O -, O -evidence O -was O -obtained O -of O -an O -influx O -of O -tissue O -cholesterol B-Chemical -into O -plasma O -after O -each O -exchange O -. O - -aps B-category -Modification O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -of O -cardiovascular O -effects O -of O -induced O -hypoglycaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -propranolol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -insulin I-Chemical -group O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -fall O -in O -heart O -- O -rate O -in O -most O -subjects O -and O -an O -increase O -in O -diastolic O -pressure O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -co B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trimoxazole I-Chemical -in O -chronic O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Seventeen O -patients O -showed O -no O -deterioration O -in O -renal O -function O -while O -receiving O -co B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trimoxazole I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Breast O -cancer O -, O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -, O -and O -bone O -metastases O -. O - -aps B-category -Industrial O -exposure O -to O -several O -potentially O -hepatotoxic O -agents O -, O -such O -as O -vinyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -monomer O -may O -occur O -, O -and O -there O -is O -a O -need O -for O -non O -- O -vasive O -, O -diagnostic O -techniques O -to O -detect O -and O -monitor O -progressive O -pathological O -processes O -in O -liver O -or O -spleen O -. O - -aps B-category -Editorial O -: O -Post O -- O -mortem O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -smoking B-Chemical -habits O -and O -morbidity O -experiences O -of O -a O -cohort O -of O -soldiers O -have O -been O -studied O -from O -1959 O -to O -1969 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cohort O -' O -s O -1969 O -prevalence O -of O -smoking B-Chemical -was O -slightly O -above O -the O -national O -average O -of O -70 O -% O -for O -males O -of O -the O -same O -age O -, O -but O -the O -servicemen O -are O -heavier O -smokers O -than O -their O -civilian O -counterparts O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Metronidazole B-Chemical -in O -Crohn O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Lithium B-Chemical -, O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Parkinsonism O -and O -dementia O -: O -effects O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -in O -idiopathic O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stone I-Chemical -formation O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Cigarette O -smoking B-Chemical -, O -tar O -content O -, O -and O -death O -- O -rates O -from O -lung O -cancer O -in O -Australian O -men O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -ventricular O -arrhythmias O -after O -myocardial O -infarction O -has O -been O -compared O -in O -a O -controlled O -study O -of O -procainamide B-Chemical -, O -mexiletine B-Chemical -, O -and O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -Procainamide B-Chemical -was O -given O -as O -500 O -mg O -. O -4 O -- O -hourly O -and O -mexiletine B-Chemical -as O -250 O -mg O -. O -8 O -- O -hourly O -with O -corresponding O -placebo O -regimens O -for O -12 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -only O -major O -adverse O -effect O -of O -therapy O -noted O -was O -development O -of O -a O -positive O -antinuclear O -factor O -in O -a O -procainamide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tolerance I-Chemical -test O -( O -O O -. O -G O -. O -T O -. O -T O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -plasma O -- O -insulin O -between O -the O -first O -and O -second O -tests O -was O -predicted O -by O -the O -result O -of O -the O -initial O -tests O -, O -the O -improvement O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -between O -the O -two O -tests O -, O -and O -the O -degree O -of O -weight O -reduction O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -metabolic O -acidosis O -was O -corrected O -by O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -solution O -before O -spontaneous O -circulation O -could O -be O -re O -- O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Plasma O -iron B-Chemical -and O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -capacity O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Transplacental O -lithium B-Chemical -poisoning O -: O -Reversible O -inhibition O -of O -fetal O -thyroid O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Glycerol O -v O -. O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -in O -acute O -cerebral O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Infection O -caused O -by O -Proteus O -mirabilis O -strains O -with O -transferrable O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistance I-Chemical -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -Strains O -form O -the O -first O -three O -patients O -were O -apparently O -identical O -and O -were O -sensitive O -to O -tobramycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fourth O -strain O -was O -resistant O -to O -tobramycin B-Chemical -; O -its O -gentamicin B-Chemical -/ O -tobramycin B-Chemical -resistance O -was O -transferable O -to O -E O -. O -coli O -K12 O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -and O -venous O -thrombosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -transplantation O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Pimozide B-Chemical -in O -monosymptomatic O -psychosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Polycystic O -ovarian O -disease O -and O -oral B-Chemical -contraception I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Myasthenia O -gravis O -: O -relationship O -between O -serum O -factor O -blocking O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptors O -and O -anti O -- O -striated O -- O -muscle O -antibody O -. O - -aps B-category -Pathways O -of O -biosynthesis O -of O -the O -guanidinated O -inositol B-Chemical -moieties O -of O -streptomycin B-Chemical -and O -bluensomycin O -. O - -aps B-category -ATP O -: O -streptomycin B-Chemical -3 O -" O -= O -phosphotransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -desirable O -to O -determine O -if O -a O -similar O -effect O -- O -- O -more O -killing O -and O -mutation O -in O -N2 O -than O -in O -O2 O -- O -- O -could O -be O -observed O -with O -two O -other O -known O -alkylating B-Chemical -agents I-Chemical -, O -beta O -- O -propiolactone O -( O -BPL O -) O -and O -ethyl O -methanesulfonate O -( O -EMS O -) O -, O -in O -the O -same O -test O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Spermine O -inhibits O -induction O -of O -ornithine B-Chemical -decarboxylase O -by O -cyclic O -AMP O -but O -not O -by O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -in O -rat O -hepatoma O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -discovery O -and O -the O -synthesis O -of O -the O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -hormone O -( O -T O -. O -R O -. O -H O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Isolated O -, O -small O -intestinal O -microvillous O -membranes O -from O -normal O -and O -acutely O -diabetic O -rats O -were O -compared O -with O -respect O -to O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -difference O -appeared O -to O -be O -caused O -by O -an O -ability O -of O -the O -diabetic O -membranes O -to O -maintain O -a O -higher O -driving O -force O -for O -active O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -transport O -and O -not O -by O -changes O -in O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -" O -carrier O -. O -" O - -aps B-category -Concentrations O -of O -monactin O -and O -gramicidin O -D O -in O -the O -incubation O -medium O -of O -membrane O -vesicles O -from O -diabetic O -animals O -could O -be O -adjusted O -so O -that O -their O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -transport O -became O -indistinguishable O -from O -that O -of O -membranes O -from O -normal O -animals O -not O -treated O -with O -ionophores O -. O - -aps B-category -Group O -- O -specific O -component O -( O -Gc O -) O -proteins O -bind O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -and O -25 O -- O -hydroxyvitamin O -D O -. O - -aps B-category -Population O -gene O -frequencies O -for O -these O -proteins O -binding O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -were O -in O -the O -range O -of O -those O -reported O -for O -Gc O -, O -and O -individuals O -of O -known O -Gc O -phenotype O -were O -found O -to O -have O -the O -corresponding O -vitamin O -- O -D O -- O -binding O -phenotype O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -3 O -) O -( O -14 O -- O -C O -) O -vitamin B-Chemical -D3 I-Chemical -or O -25 O -- O -hydroxy O -( O -3 O -- O -H O -) O -vitamin B-Chemical -D3 I-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -coprecipitate O -specifically O -with O -Gc O -in O -serum O -incubated O -with O -Gc O -antiserum O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -propose O -that O -Gc O -and O -" O -vitamin O -- O -D O -- O -binding O -alpha O -- O -globulin O -" O -are O -in O -fact O -the O -same O -portein O -, O -and O -that O -the O -ability O -of O -Gc O -to O -bind O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -may O -be O -directly O -related O -to O -the O -action O -of O -selection O -on O -this O -locus O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -major O -tRNA O -component O -of O -the O -hybridizable O -4S O -RNA O -is O -tryptophan B-Chemical -tRNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -antigenically O -distinct O -species O -of O -human O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -these O -antisera O -showed O -no O -detectable O -neutralizing O -activity O -against O -interferon B-Chemical -produced O -in O -cultures O -of O -human O -leukocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -preparation O -of O -antiserum O -against O -leukocyte O -interferon B-Chemical -, O -active O -against O -both O -leukocyte O -and O -fibroblast O -interferons O -, O -was O -shown O -by O -affinity O -chromatography O -to O -have O -two O -distinct O -antibody O -populations O -, O -one O -of O -which O -was O -specific O -for O -the O -fibroblast O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -antigenic O -species O -of O -leukocyte O -interferon B-Chemical -preparations O -( O -designated O -" O -Le O -" O -) O -is O -distinct O -from O -huamn O -fibroblast O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -a O -similar O -assay O -, O -10 O -, O -000 O -additional O -colonies O -were O -screened O -for O -mutants O -with O -altered O -CDP O -- O -diglyceride O -: O -L O -- O -serine O -O O -- O -phosphatidyltransferase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -8 O -. O -8 O -, O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -synthetase O -) O -, O -and O -four O -strains O -were O -found O -in O -which O -the O -enzyme O -is O -thermolabile O -. O - -aps B-category -Earlier O -work O -had O -shown O -that O -the O -lactogen O -, O -LTH O -and O -HPL O -, O -foster O -testosterone B-Chemical -binding O -by O -the O -prostate O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -it O -was O -found O -instead O -that O -the O -PGF O -increases O -steroid B-Chemical -binding O -and O -that O -its O -interaction O -with O -lactogen O -was O -neither O -antagonistic O -nor O -additive O -, O -attention O -was O -directed O -to O -further O -characterization O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -' O -s O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Earlier O -work O -had O -shown O -that O -the O -lactogen O -, O -LTH O -and O -HPL O -, O -foster O -testosterone B-Chemical -binding O -by O -the O -prostate O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -it O -was O -found O -instead O -that O -the O -PGF O -increases O -steroid B-Chemical -binding O -and O -that O -its O -interaction O -with O -lactogen O -was O -neither O -antagonistic O -nor O -additive O -, O -attention O -was O -directed O -to O -further O -characterization O -of O -the O -PGs O -' O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -no O -cytotoxic O -lymphocytes O -were O -generated O -against O -products O -of O -non O -- O -H O -- O -2 O -loci O -- O -- O -M O -- O -locus O -, O -theta O -, O -or O -other O -non O -- O -H O -- O -2 O -antigens O -- O -- O -that O -induce O -MLC O -activation O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -approach O -in O -the O -management O -of O -carcinoma O -of O -the O -thoraco O -- O -abdominal O -oesophagus O -, O -by O -means O -of O -pre O -- O -operative O -chemotherapy O -, O -in O -the O -form O -of O -Methotrexate B-Chemical -and O -irradiation O -, O -followed O -by O -a O -one O -- O -stage O -resection O -, O -using O -a O -thoracic O -/ O -abdominal O -approach O -, O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Do O -iron B-Chemical -preparations O -damage O -the O -teeth O -? O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -Ehrlich O -- O -ascites O -tumor O -and O -on O -the O -solide O -Ehrlich O -carcinoma O -of O -the O -mouse O -, O -bleomycin B-Chemical -causes O -a O -large O -fixation O -in O -the O -( O -G2 O -+ O -M O -) O -- O -phase O -of O -the O -cell O -cycle O -of O -the O -tumor O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Report O -is O -made O -about O -the O -combined O -therapy O -with O -cytostatics O -( O -methotrexate B-Chemical -- O -bleomycin B-Chemical -) O -and O -irradiation O -in O -patients O -with O -extended O -tumors O -in O -the O -gnathic O -region O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antigenicity O -of O -mouse O -blastocysts O -in O -experimentally O -delayed O -implantation O -and O -after O -activation O -from O -delay O -by O -estradiol B-Chemical -administration O -were O -determined O -by O -two O -different O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -there O -was O -a O -marked O -difference O -in O -the O -incidence O -of O -HBs O -antigen O -between O -prisoners O -and O -students O -, O -when O -donors O -were O -tested O -for O -antibody O -to O -HBsAg B-Chemical -( O -anti O -- O -HBs O -) O -this O -positive O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -to O -isolate O -IBR O -virus O -from O -cattle O -in O -Cyprus O -after O -respiratory O -disease O -and O -ataxia O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -representative O -case O -study O -is O -used O -to O -illustrate O -the O -complex O -interaction O -of O -factors O -that O -can O -lead B-Chemical -to O -tragic O -family O -dysfunction O -when O -an O -adopted O -child O -has O -learning O -and O -behavior O -problems O -. O - -aps B-category -Scanning O -was O -carried O -out O -72 O -hours O -after O -the O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -3 O -mC O -67 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Ga I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rapid O -decay O -of O -99m O -- O -Tc O -, O -together O -with O -a O -high O -affinity O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -for O -certain O -histologically O -- O -defined O -tumours O -recommends O -its O -use O -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -00 O -- O -C O -, O -the O -chelate O -of O -99m O -- O -Tc O -and O -bleomycin B-Chemical -is O -stable O -and O -its O -storage O -or O -transport O -are O -recommended O -at O -this O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -C3PA O -and O -C8 O -showed O -striking O -depressions O -in O -the O -idiopathic O -nephrotic O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -DNA O -synthesis O -was O -determined O -by O -incorporation O -of O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Variability O -of O -dermal O -elastin O -visualized O -ultrastructurally O -with O -iron B-Chemical -hematoxylin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Skin O -of O -an O -elderly O -subject O -revealed O -exteme O -proliferation O -of O -unusual O -reticulated O -elastic O -fibers O -in O -various O -areas O -and O -disclosed O -abnormal O -nodules O -of O -elastin O -or O -collagen O -fibrils O -in O -finely O -particulate B-Chemical -matter I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -conditions O -for O -the O -visualization O -of O -these O -granules O -by O -incubation O -in O -alkaline O -DAB O -were O -obtained O -when O -the O -peroxidase O -activity O -of O -hemoglobin O -was O -reduced O -by O -addition O -of O -low O -concentrations O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -cyanide O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluorescence O -detection O -of O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -in O -nitrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -blood O -histamine B-Chemical -levels O -, O -basophil O -and O -eosinophil O -counts O -and O -the O -percentage O -of O -vacuolated O -eosinophils O -were O -observed O -in O -30 O -controls O -and O -15 O -patients O -of O -urticaria O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -past O -few O -years O -, O -the O -application O -of O -methods O -for O -the O -visualization O -of O -the O -intrauterine O -fetus O -has O -been O -made O -possible O -by O -the O -use O -of O -techniques O -such O -as O -sonography O -, O -contrast B-Chemical -radiography O -and O -fetoscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -that O -specific O -interaction O -of O -intracellular O -antibiotic O -with O -proteins O -of O -the O -30S O -subunits O -allows O -repeated O -use O -of O -the O -ribosome O -cycle O -by O -such O -affected O -particles O -, O -but O -with O -selective O -misreading O -of O -certain O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -codons O -as O -terminator O -codons O -, O -so O -that O -they O -produce O -incomplete O -polypeptide O -chains O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -clofibrate O -on O -the O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -activity O -of O -rat O -liver O -mitochondria O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -studies O -with O -guinea O -pig O -lung O -fragments O -incubated O -with O -10 O -- O -to O -200 O -- O -mM O -concentrations O -of O -ammonium B-Chemical -ion O -demonstrated O -the O -release O -of O -substanial O -quantities O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -osmotic O -effect O -is O -unlikely O -since O -equal O -concentrations O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -failed O -to O -release O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -suggest O -that O -the O -inhalation O -irritation O -associated O -with O -certain O -sulfate O -and O -other O -salts O -, O -may O -be O -a O -function O -of O -their O -ability O -to O -release O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -amonium O -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -understand O -the O -role O -of O -copper B-Chemical -in O -initiating O -protein O -alterations O -in O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -( O -RA O -) O -as O -reported O -previously O -, O -concentrations O -of O -copper B-Chemical -anc O -caeruloplasmin O -were O -determined O -in O -RA O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -when O -the O -RA O -population O -was O -divided O -into O -three O -groups O -according O -to O -sex O -and O -oestrogen B-Chemical -therapy O -it O -was O -found O -that O -caeruloplasmin O -and O -copper B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -the O -group O -of O -female O -RA O -patients O -on O -oestrogens B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -different O -from O -other O -groups O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentrations O -of O -copper B-Chemical -and O -caeruloplasmin O -failed O -to O -explain O -the O -low O -sulphydryl O -content O -of O -plasma O -which O -was O -observed O -to O -be O -independent O -of O -these O -two O -parameters O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -shows O -that O -only O -a O -concurrent O -oestrogen B-Chemical -therapy O -raises O -copper B-Chemical -and O -caeruloplasmin O -concentration O -significantly O -in O -a O -female O -RA O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparing O -the O -different O -methods O -of O -preparation O -of O -the O -suspensions O -the O -standard O -procedure O -( O -RNase O -, O -pepsin O -, O -ultrasonic O -) O -before O -staining O -with O -ethidium O -bromide B-Chemical -seems O -to O -be O -the O -best O -one O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -hundred O -consecutive O -reports O -of O -reactions O -to O -intravenous O -anaesthetics O -Althesin B-Chemical -, O -thiopentone B-Chemical -and O -Epontol O -are O -reviewed O -and O -analysed O -. O - -aps B-category -Mowry O -' O -s O -alcian O -blue B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -periodic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Schiff I-Chemical -( O -AB O -- O -PAS O -) O -technique O -gave O -the O -highest O -proportion O -of O -positives O -( O -93 O -% O -) O -slightly O -fewer O -( O -90 O -% O -) O -being O -obtained O -by O -the O -PAS O -technique O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Production O -of O -antibodies O -that O -bind O -biotin B-Chemical -and O -inhibit O -biotin B-Chemical -containing O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -[ O -14 O -- O -C O -] O -biotin B-Chemical -as O -a O -tracer O -allowed O -quantitation O -of O -the O -incorporation O -of O -biotin B-Chemical -into O -the O -conjugates O -: O -2 O -. O -55 O -mol O -of O -biotin B-Chemical -was O -incorporated O -per O -mol O -of O -gamma O -- O -globulin O -and O -7 O -- O -9 O -mol O -of O -biotin B-Chemical -was O -incorporated O -per O -mol O -of O -serum O -albumin O -in O -different O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -enzyme O -inhibition O -to O -detect O -free O -antibody O -, O -the O -binding O -constant O -for O -biotin B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -5 O -. O -0 O -x O -10 O -- O -minus O -8 O -M O -and O -that O -for O -biocytin O -3 O -. O -5 O -x O -10 O -- O -minus O -8 O -M O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -two O -experimental O -values O -fall O -in O -the O -expected O -order O -, O -since O -the O -15 O -% O -glycine B-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -A1 O -protein O -is O -considerably O -higher O -than O -the O -average O -for O -other O -proteins O -, O -which O -is O -about O -8 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -of O -phospholipid O -synthesis O -in O -escherichia O -coli O -by O -phenethyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Phenethyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -at O -a O -non O -- O -bacteriostatic O -concentration O -reduces O -the O -accumulation O -of O -[ O -32 O -- O -P O -] O -phosphate B-Chemical -into O -phospholipids O -and O -alters O -the O -phospholipid O -composition O -of O -the O -cell O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -phosphatidylethanolamine O -synthesis O -by O -phenethyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -was O -twice O -the O -inhibition O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -phosphatidyglycerol O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenethyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -also O -altered O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -the O -cell O -as O -a O -result O -of O -its O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -the O -rate O -of O -individual O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -result O -indicates O -that O -phenethyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -does O -not O -inhibit O -phospholipid O -synthesis O -solely O -at O -the O -level O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aminoacid O -composition O -of O -the O -molecule O -was O -determined O -and O -its O -most O -prominent O -aspects O -are O -a O -high O -content O -of O -arginine O -and O -lysine O -, O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -single O -tryptophan B-Chemical -, O -the O -total O -absence O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -and O -cystine O -and O -a O -blocked O -N O -- O -terminal O -residue O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -objective O -is O -achieved O -because O -of O -the O -differences O -in O -stability O -of O -alcian O -blue B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -heparin I-Chemical -, O -alcian O -blue O -- O -nucleic O -acid O -, O -lanthanum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -heparin I-Chemical -, O -and O -lanthanum O -- O -mucliec O -acid O -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -Validity O -of O -plasma O -factor O -in O -schizophrenia O -as O -measured O -by O -tryptophan B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemolysis O -can O -be O -maintained O -at O -a O -constant O -level O -by O -certain O -concentrations O -of O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -ion O -, O -the O -addition O -of O -which O -resulted O -in O -a O -gradual O -increase O -in O -tryptophan B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -indicate O -that O -hemolysis O -is O -not O -determining O -uptake O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -by O -chicken O -erythrocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -zinc B-Chemical -concentrations O -rise O -in O -men O -over O -the O -age O -of O -55 O -years O -and O -fall O -in O -women O -of O -a O -similar O -age O -- O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -ferritin O -assay O -and O -iron B-Chemical -status O -in O -chronic O -renal O -failure O -and O -haemodialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -ferritin O -concentrations O -correlated O -well O -with O -body O -iron B-Chemical -stores O -estimated O -by O -grading O -the O -bone O -marrow O -stainable O -iron B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -ferritin O -assay O -represents O -the O -best O -method O -of O -repeatedly O -monitoring O -the O -exact O -amount O -of O -iron B-Chemical -therapy O -needed O -by O -patients O -with O -chronic O -renal O -failure O -, O -particularly O -those O -on O -regular O -haemodialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -analysis O -of O -the O -silver B-Chemical -grain O -distribution O -indicated O -that O -labeled O -proteins O -, O -rapidly O -conveyed O -down O -the O -axon O -, O -piled O -up O -in O -regions O -containing O -an O -accumulation O -of O -SER O -profiles O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -growth O -of O -Candida O -krusei O -in O -quarters O -treated O -intramammary O -with O -penicillin B-Chemical -, O -dihydrostreptomycin O -and O -prednisolone B-Chemical -was O -compared O -with O -growth O -in O -untreated O -quarters O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -globulin O -fraction O -of O -the O -milk O -was O -separated O -and O -conjugated O -with O -fluorescein B-Chemical -isothiocyanate O -. O - -aps B-category -Controlled O -studies O -with O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -have O -given O -favorable O -results O -in O -certain O -tumor O -stages O -and O -sites O -of O -origin O -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneous O -intermittent O -bleomycin B-Chemical -and O -radiological O -treatment O -of O -laryngeal O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -total O -dosages O -have O -been O -bleomycin B-Chemical -180 O -mg O -and O -x O -- O -rays O -4 O -. O -200 O -r O -skin O -dose O -, O -tumor O -dose O -approximately O -2 O -. O -500 O -r O -. O -Eighty O -- O -two O -laryngeal O -cases O -received O -such O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -carrier O -effect O -of O -gamma O -globulin O -when O -a O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -separation O -technique O -is O -used O -in O -digoxin B-Chemical -radioimmunoassay O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -salicylate B-Chemical -and O -chloroquine B-Chemical -on O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -articular O -damage O -in O -the O -rabbit O -knee O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -with O -intramuscular O -chloroquine B-Chemical -at O -clinical O -levels O -and O -4 O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -chloroquine B-Chemical -' O -s O -ability O -to O -stabilize O -cell O -membranes O -is O -protective O -in O -this O -experiment O -, O -salicylate B-Chemical -' O -s O -ability O -to O -prevent O -biosynthesis O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -is O -bypassed O -and O -therefore O -is O -not O -protective O -. O - -aps B-category -Thyroxine B-Chemical -and O -protein O -- O -bound O -iodine B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -plasma O -of O -the O -pacific O -hagfish O -, O -Eptatretus O -stouti O -( O -Cyclostomata O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chromosomes O -of O -an O -established O -cell O -line O -of O -Dipodomys O -panamintinus O -have O -been O -characterised O -in O -terms O -of O -their O -C O -, O -G O -and O -Q O -banding O -patterns O -, O -and O -the O -distributions O -of O -silver B-Chemical -grains O -in O -autoradiographs O -of O -chromosomes O -labelled O -in O -early O -or O -late O -S O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -effects O -of O -single O -small O -doses O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thyroxine I-Chemical -and O -triiodo O -- O -L O -- O -thyronine O -on O -growth O -hormone O -, O -as O -studied O -in O -the O -rat O -by O -radioimmunoassy O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -radiotelemetry O -and O -a O -bipole O -lead B-Chemical -all O -horses O -showed O -negative O -T O -waves O -immediately O -after O -exercise O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -inhibitor O -of O -the O -activated O -first O -component O -of O -complement O -, O -at O -the O -highest O -concentration O -studied O -of O -100 O -/ O -mug O -/ O -ml O -, O -slightly O -enhanced O -chemotactic O -migration O -in O -response O -to O -C5a O -without O -influencing O -random O -migration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -pig O -submaxillary O -gland O -mucins O -displayed O -strikingly O -high O -levels O -of O -Ulex O -anti O -- O -HC O -inihibiting O -activity O -, O -even O -in O -the O -complete O -absence O -of O -Ulex O -anti O -- O -HF O -inhibiting O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sedimentation O -coefficient O -of O -the O -synthesized O -immunoglobulins O -was O -investigated O -by O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -and O -their O -characterization O -was O -carried O -out O -by O -starch O -and O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Granulocytes O -from O -the O -peripheral O -blood O -of O -normal O -subjects O -and O -a O -patient O -with O -hereditary O -myeloperoxidase O -deficiency O -were O -homogenized O -in O -0 O -. O -34 O -M O -sucrose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -remaining O -fractions O -containing O -amino B-Chemical -sugars O -, O -protein O -( O -s O -) O -, O -and O -neutral O -sugars O -showed O -a O -slight O -inhibition O -, O -but O -the O -inhibition O -did O -not O -correlate O -with O -the O -amount O -of O -amino B-Chemical -sugars O -. O - -aps B-category -Interaction O -of O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -Australia O -antigen O -) O -with O -membrane O -vesicles O -of O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Bacteriophages O -can O -be O -induced O -from O -the O -isolated O -P O -. O -aeruginosa O -with O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -; O -the O -phages O -, O -after O -purification O -on O -CsCl O -gradients O -, O -also O -lyse O -P O -. O -aeruginosa O -strain O -25102 O -( O -ATCC O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Automated O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Energy O -production O -in O -rat O -mast O -cells O -and O -its O -role O -for O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -and O -inhibition O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -isolated O -rat O -mast O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Is O -there O -a O -link O -between O -resistance O -of O -rats O -to O -dextran B-Chemical -and O -their O -failure O -to O -produce O -reaginic O -antibodies O -? O - -aps B-category -The O -reactions O -of O -glyoxylic O -acid O -with O -peripheral O -stores O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -to O -provide O -a O -fluorescence O -histochemical O -method O -for O -their O -localization O -have O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -amines B-Chemical -can O -be O -visualized O -after O -incubation O -at O -neutral O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -not O -stained O -by O -the O -procedure O -for O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -constant O -dye O -to O -aldehyde B-Chemical -ratio O -did O -not O -change O -when O -the O -hydrolysis O -was O -performed O -at O -a O -lower O -acid O -concentration O -( O -0 O -. O -3 O -M O -HCl O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -Gömöri O -technique O -, O -lead B-Chemical -precipitates O -have O -been O -found O -in O -thyroid O -follicle O -cells O -in O -unusual O -localizations O -such O -as O -apical O -hyaloplasm O -and O -microvilli O -; O -it O -has O -been O -established O -that O -they O -were O -actually O -significant O -for O -acid O -phosphatase O -activity O -: O -constant O -results O -in O -spite O -of O -repeated O -controls O -and O -several O -variations O -from O -the O -original O -cytochemical O -technique O -, O -allow O -to O -think O -that O -lead B-Chemical -precipitates O -were O -not O -merely O -artefactual O -, O -but O -actually O -significant O -of O -enzymatic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -a O -treatment O -for O -20 O -hours O -with O -TCH O -, O -silver B-Chemical -stained O -grains O -were O -visible O -on O -the O -polysaccharide O -filaments O -of O -the O -sensory O -chamber O -, O -between O -the O -microvilli O -and O -the O -vacuoles O -of O -the O -epidermal O -cells O -lining O -to O -the O -sensory O -cavity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -colloidal O -iron B-Chemical -constitutes O -a O -deposit O -opaque O -to O -electrons O -and O -located O -both O -on O -the O -filamentous O -polysaccharides O -of O -the O -sensory O -cavity O -and O -in O -the O -vacuoles O -of O -the O -epidermal O -cells O -, O -indicating O -that O -only O -these O -filamentous O -polysaccharides O -display O -acid O -radicals O -. O - -aps B-category -Prior O -to O -immunocytological O -reactions O -, O -endogenous O -peroxidases O -were O -inhibited O -by O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -established O -that O -dense O -projections O -are O -adequately O -visualized O -with O -methods O -demonstrating O -basic O -chemical O -groups O -( O -phosphotungstic O -acid O -and O -bismuth O -iodide O -) O -, O -whereas O -the O -synaptic O -vesicles O -are O -stained O -by O -techniques O -demonstrating O -acid O -chemical O -groups O -( O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -and O -uranyl O -acetate O -and O -lead B-Chemical -citrate B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -preparation O -contained O -0 O -. O -14 O -% O -active O -ingredient O -, O -gamma O -isomer O -of O -benzene B-Chemical -hexachloride O -( O -BHC O -) O -, O -a O -normally O -safe O -concentration O -for O -cattle O -. O - -aps B-category -Collaborative O -study O -of O -a O -semiautomated O -method O -for O -the O -analysis O -of O -acenocoumarol O -, O -phenprocoumon O -, O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -warfarin B-Chemical -tablets O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -agreed O -well O -with O -the O -National O -Formulary O -methods O -for O -phenprocoumon O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -warfarin B-Chemical -, O -and O -an O -unpublished O -method O -for O -acenocoumarol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -this O -study O -show O -that O -acenocoumarol O -, O -phenprocoumon O -, O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -warfarin B-Chemical -can O -be O -analyzed O -by O -the O -official O -AOAC O -method O -for O -the O -analysis O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -warfarin I-Chemical -and O -dicumarol O -tablets O -. O - -aps B-category -L O -- O -Tryptophan O -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -dioxygenase O -( O -EC O -1 O -. O -13 O -. O -11 O -. O -11 O -) O -, O -isolated O -from O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -Pseudomonas O -acidovorans O -, O -ATCC O -11299b O -, O -which O -has O -been O -grown O -in O -a O -medium O -containing O -64Cu O -( O -NO3 O -) O -2 O -, O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -contain O -radiocopper O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -electrophoresis O -the O -position O -of O -the O -yellow O -heme O -band O -, O -corresponding O -to O -tryptophan B-Chemical -oxygenase O -, O -was O -visually O -located O -, O -and O -the O -gels O -were O -sliced O -and O -counted O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -each O -sample O -before O -electrophoresis O -for O -30 O -min O -at O -37 O -degrees O -with O -gamma O -- O -globulins O -prepared O -from O -rabbits O -sensitized O -to O -homogeneous O -pseudomonad O -tryptophan B-Chemical -oxygenase O -greatly O -reduced O -this O -peak O -of O -radioactivity O -, O -whereas O -treatment O -of O -each O -sample O -with O -rabbit O -preimmune O -gamma O -- O -globulin O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -248 O -, O -8610 O -- O -8612 O -) O -" O -that O -copper B-Chemical -is O -not O -an O -essential O -component O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -dioxygenase O -of O -Pseudomonas O -. O -" O - -aps B-category -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Lactate I-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -phenazine O -methosulfate O -would O -not O -support O -manganese O -accumulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Potassium B-Chemical -fluoride B-Chemical -or O -sodium B-Chemical -arsenate O -has O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -flow O -cytofluorometric O -analysis O -of O -mammalian O -cell O -cycle O -by O -propidium B-Chemical -iodide I-Chemical -staining O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -some O -earlier O -described O -methods O -, O -the O -present O -technique O -is O -rapid O -( O -5 O -min O -of O -processing O -) O -, O -requires O -a O -minimal O -amount O -of O -material O -, O -and O -avoids O -formation O -of O -cell O -clumps O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inclusion O -of O -DMSO B-Chemical -in O -the O -media O -of O -suspension O -cultures O -of O -Friend O -erythroleukemia O -cells O -results O -in O -the O -erythroid O -differentiation O -of O -these O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Exposure O -to O -DMSO B-Chemical -for O -less O -than O -24 O -hours O -failed O -to O -produce O -any O -detectable O -evidence O -of O -erythroid O -differentiation O -. O - -aps B-category -Once O -the O -differentiation O -of O -an O -individual O -cell O -was O -initiated O -, O -the O -process O -continued O -after O -removal O -of O -DMSO B-Chemical -from O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -latter O -phenomenon O -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -more O -rapid O -proliferation O -of O -the O -undifferentiated O -cells O -in O -the O -culture O -, O -accounts O -for O -the O -observation O -that O -when O -new O -cultures O -are O -established O -from O -cultures O -which O -have O -been O -grown O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -DMSO B-Chemical -for O -several O -days O -, O -the O -culture O -which O -results O -ultimately O -contains O -only O -differentiated O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Malachite O -green O -- O -- O -a O -new O -staining O -reagent O -for O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Preparation O -of O -125 O -- O -I O -- O -labeled O -human O -thyroxine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -alpha O -globulin O -and O -its O -turnover O -in O -normal O -and O -hypothyroid O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -[ O -125 O -- O -I O -] O -TBG O -retained O -the O -electrophoretic O -and O -immunologic O -characteristics O -of O -unlabeled O -TBG O -but O -exhibited O -a O -partial O -loss O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -activity O -, O -as O -assessed O -by O -affinity O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Lipophilic O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -and O -tetracycline B-Chemical -were O -concentrated O -in O -cream O -to O -a O -higher O -degree O -than O -the O -less O -lipophilic O -benzylpenicillin B-Chemical -and O -dihydrostreptomycin O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -water O -and O -dilute O -alkali B-Chemical -extraction O -, O -a O -sample O -of O -dental O -plaque O -that O -was O -stained O -by O -the O -PA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -CrA I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -silver I-Chemical -technique O -showed O -staining O -intracellularly O -on O -the O -cell O -wall O -and O -extracellularly O -. O - -aps B-category -Intra O -- O -arterial O -infusion O -of O -carbamyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -or O -of O -carbamyl O -- O -DL O -- O -aspartic O -acid O -into O -rats O -on O -a O -cariogenic O -diet O -greatly O -stimulated O -the O -movement O -of O -fluid O -through O -the O -odontoblastic O -processes O -. O - -aps B-category -Purifying O -the O -urea B-Chemical -on O -a O -mixed O -- O -bed O -ion O -exchange O -resin O -virtually O -removed O -its O -stimulatory O -effect O -on O -dentinal O -fluid O -movement O -. O - -aps B-category -Crystal O -and O -molecular O -structure O -of O -organophosphorus B-Chemical -insecticides O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -with O -age O -in O -protein O -- O -bound O -iodine B-Chemical -( O -PBI O -) O -and O -body O -temperature O -in O -the O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -additional O -research O -is O -needed O -, O -a O -tentative O -conclusion O -is O -that O -advancing O -age O -imparts O -a O -diminished O -response O -of O -the O -thyroid O -gland O -to O -endogenous O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -If O -one O -or O -more O -subclass O -specific O -antibody O -species O -are O -present O -in O -the O -antiserum O -this O -may O -further O -lead B-Chemical -to O -production O -of O -double O -precipitation O -rings O -in O -radial O -immunodiffusion O -, O -depending O -on O -the O -subclass O -ratio O -in O -the O -antigen O -mixture O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -genetic O -mapping O -placing O -the O -determinant O -for O -antigen O -H O -- O -2 O -. O -6 O -in O -the O -D O -region O -, O -we O -found O -that O -in O -the O -H O -- O -2 O -- O -b O -haplotype O -the O -antigen O -is O -associated O -with O -K O -region O -antigen O -H O -- O -2 O -. O -33 O -and O -H O -- O -2 O -. O -32 O -, O -and O -interpreted O -this O -result O -as O -evidence O -for O -two O -homologous O -H O -- O -2 O -. O -5 O -sites O -controlled O -by O -opposite O -ends O -of O -the O -H O -- O -2 O -complex O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -used O -ferritin O -- O -conjugated O -divalent O -and O -monovalent O -anti O -- O -Ig O -antibodies O -to O -study O -simultaneously O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -secretion O -and O -the O -ultrastructural O -distribution O -and O -redistribution O -of O -Ig O -receptors O -on O -rat O -peritoneal O -mast O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -properties O -of O -immunoglobulin O -combining O -sites O -specific O -for O -terminal O -or O -nonterminal O -antigenic O -determinants O -in O -dextran B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Protein O -W3129 O -precipitates O -with O -branched O -dextrans O -high O -in O -alpha O -( O -1 O -yields O -6 O -) O -linkages O -and O -reacts O -with O -but O -does O -not O -precipitate O -a O -synthetic O -alpha O -( O -1 O -yields O -6 O -) O -- O -linked O -linear O -dextran B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Protein O -QUPC O -52 O -has O -an O -immunodominant O -group O -which O -is O -expressed O -by O -IM3 O -but O -not O -smaller O -oligosaccharides O -and O -this O -protein O -can O -react O -at O -nonterminal O -locations O -along O -alpha O -( O -1 O -yields O -6 O -) O -- O -linked O -dextran B-Chemical -chains O -. O - -aps B-category -Rabbit O -antisera O -against O -IM3 O -or O -IM6 O -coupled O -to O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -also O -appear O -to O -contain O -antibodies O -with O -nonterminal O -specificity O -for O -dextran B-Chemical -chains O -although O -a O -large O -fraction O -has O -terminal O -specificity O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -is O -thought O -to O -result O -from O -an O -abundance O -of O -nonterminal O -determinants O -in O -clinical O -dextran B-Chemical -N O -- O -150N O -but O -a O -very O -small O -number O -of O -functional O -terminal O -determinants O -per O -molecule O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proportion O -of O -cells O -absorbing O -trypan B-Chemical -blue I-Chemical -( O -tb O -- O -+ O -character O -) O -can O -be O -used O -to O -measure O -the O -late O -c O -. O -p O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -additional O -antigenic O -determinants O -were O -acid O -- O -stable O -and O -tightly O -bound O -to O -the O -particles O -; O -they O -could O -not O -be O -released O -by O -treatment O -with O -Tween O -80 O -or O -ether B-Chemical -, O -but O -were O -removed O -by O -protease O -digestion O -with O -the O -preservation O -of O -particle O -integrity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -in O -frog O -myelin O -basic O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -studies O -with O -vasoconstrictor O -amines B-Chemical -suggest O -that O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -liberated O -from O -platelets O -by O -the O -clotting O -process O -, O -is O -responsible O -for O -this O -contraction O -and O -that O -the O -adherent O -clot O -itself O -concentrates O -the O -serotonin B-Chemical -of O -the O -surface O -of O -the O -vessel O -. O - -aps B-category -Depressed O -immune O -response O -in O -the O -magnesium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Most O -effects O -of O -the O -10 O -ppm O -Mg O -diet O -were O -similar O -to O -those O -seen O -in O -magnesium B-Chemical -deficiency O -in O -experiment O -1 O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -drugs O -were O -tested O -for O -inhibition O -of O -the O -PCA O -reaction O -in O -recipients O -also O -injected O -with O -compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -By O -varying O -the O -length O -of O -time O -of O -drug O -administration O -prior O -to O -antigen O -challenge O -, O -the O -pharmacological O -half O -- O -life O -of O -PGE1 B-Chemical -was O -determined O -to O -be O -approximately O -9 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -Disodium O -cromoglycate O -, O -when O -given O -to O -rats O -, O -inhibited O -only O -the O -PCA O -reaction O -without O -effect O -on O -the O -48 O -/ O -80 O -or O -histamine B-Chemical -wheal O -. O - -aps B-category -Elicidation O -by O -a O -H O -- O -2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -of O -the O -significance O -of O -mucosal O -histamine B-Chemical -mobilization O -in O -exciting O -acid O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -mobilization O -on O -pentagastrin O -infusion O -determined O -in O -vitro O -, O -seemed O -to O -be O -larger O -during O -H O -- O -2 O -- O -receptor O -blockade O -than O -with O -pentagastrin O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -secretion O -in O -response O -to O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -was O -inhibited O -by O -H O -- O -2 O -- O -receptor O -blockade O -in O -the O -presence O -or O -absence O -of O -the O -antrum O -; O -however O -the O -inhibition O -was O -less O -complete O -than O -with O -hormone O -- O -induced O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Feeding O -induced O -a O -secretory O -response O -in O -the O -Pavlov O -pouch O -which O -initially O -was O -more O -effectively O -inhibited O -by O -H O -- O -2 O -- O -receptor O -blockade O -than O -the O -response O -to O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Membrane O -potentials O -in O -pinched O -- O -off O -presynaptic O -nerve O -ternimals O -monitored O -with O -a O -fluorescent O -probe O -: O -evidence O -that O -synaptosomes O -have O -potassium B-Chemical -diffusion O -potentials O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -K O -uptake O -and O -total O -K O -content O -is O -reduced O -by O -ouabain B-Chemical -and O -by O -inhibitors O -of O -glycolysis O -and O -oxidative O -phosphorylation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increment O -is O -greatly O -reduced O -or O -abolished O -when O -external O -Na O -is O -replaced O -by O -choline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -veratridine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -increase O -in O -synaptosome O -fluorescence O -was O -prevented O -by O -3 O -times O -10 O -- O -minus O -7M O -tetrodotoxin O -, O -which O -also O -blocks O -the O -depolarizing O -effect O -of O -veratridine B-Chemical -in O -intact O -neurones O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -process O -of O -selective O -permeation O -of O -nonelectrolytes O -across O -liposomes O -of O -different O -lipid O -composition O -and O -amount O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -has O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -treatment O -with O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -the O -sections O -were O -stained O -first O -in O -basic O -fuchsin O -at O -70 O -degrees O -C O -and O -then O -in O -alkaline O -methylene O -blue O -at O -room O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -Samples O -of O -cardiac O -tissues O -were O -treated O -according O -to O -the O -Bielschovsky O -silver B-Chemical -impregnation O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Biological O -and O -physical O -modifications O -of O -a O -murine O -oncornavirus O -by O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -of O -KiMSV O -( O -KiMulLV O -) O -proteins O -revealed O -marked O -structural O -alterations O -after O -propagation O -of O -the O -virus O -in O -30 O -mM O -2 O -- O -DG O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -nucleotide B-Chemical -sequence O -relationships O -of O -mammalian O -RNA O -tumor O -viruses O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Levodopa B-Chemical -in O -cancer O -of O -the O -prostate O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -sugar O -values O -increased O -to O -significantly O -elevated O -levels O -and O -marked O -changes O -occurred O -in O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -and O -plasma O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -were O -maintained O -on O -a O -magnesium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -diet O -for O -1 O -to O -5 O -weeks O -to O -study O -the O -mast O -cell O -( O -MC O -) O -populations O -in O -their O -duodenum O -and O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -Proliferation O -of O -MC O -was O -also O -observed O -in O -the O -renal O -cortex O -of O -the O -magnesium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -discussion O -is O -extended O -to O -the O -possible O -mechanism O -through O -which O -magnesium B-Chemical -could O -influence O -secretory O -processes O -in O -MC O -. O - -aps B-category -Lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -stimulation O -of O -spleen O -cells O -was O -normal O -in O -preamyloid O -and O -amyloid O -animals O -whereas O -in O -lymph O -node O -and O -bone O -marrow O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -responses O -were O -significantly O -decreased O -. O - -aps B-category -HBsAg B-Chemical -in O -an O -individual O -indicates O -that O -he O -harbors O -the O -virus O -of O -hepatitis O -B O -; O -it O -may O -be O -present O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -liver O -disease O -or O -be O -found O -in O -association O -with O -both O -acute O -and O -chronic O -type O -B O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combined O -transmission O -of O -HBV O -by O -blood O -and O -other O -routes O -has O -resulted O -in O -a O -large O -number O -of O -persistent O -carriers O -of O -HBsAg B-Chemical -in O -the O -world O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -- O -lipid O -concentrations O -and O -their O -relationship O -to O -blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -and O -serum O -- O -insulin O -were O -examined O -in O -non O -- O -insulin O -- O -requiring O -diabetics O -, O -62 O -with O -and O -45 O -without O -retinopathy O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -the O -blood O -- O -sugar O -concentrations O -were O -similiar O -in O -the O -two O -groups O -the O -absolute O -insulin O -increment O -and O -the O -relative O -insulin O -response O -to O -a O -50 O -g O -. O -oral O -glucose B-Chemical -load O -were O -significantly O -lower O -in O -those O -with O -retinopathy O -than O -in O -those O -without O -. O - -aps B-category -Factor B-Chemical -VIII I-Chemical -and O -glomerulonephritis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -efficacy O -and O -morbidity O -of O -injecting O -a O -standard O -dose O -of O -urea B-Chemical -( O -80 O -g O -. O -) O -and O -a O -lower O -dose O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -( O -P O -. O -G O -. O -E2 O -) O -( O -2 O -- O -5 O -MG O -) O -than O -that O -used O -previously O -have O -been O -assesed O -in O -110 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cholesterol I-Chemical -levels O -fell O -significantly O -while O -the O -volunteers O -were O -taking O -guar O -and O -pectin O -by O -36 O -- O -3 O -and O -29 O -- O -2 O -mg O -, O -per O -100 O -. O -respectively O -, O -but O -rose O -slightly O -after O -wheat O -fibre O -by O -6 O -- O -7 O -, O -mg O -per O -100 O -. O -, O -Attention O -should O -be O -focused O -on O -fruit O -and O -vegetable O -gels O -rather O -than O -wheat O -fibre O -in O -the O -search O -of O -natural O -hypocholesterolaemic O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Investigation O -of O -as O -yet O -unaffected O -children O -of O -known O -polyposis O -patients O -revealed O -that O -the O -gut O -flora O -of O -half O -of O -them O -did O -not O -degrade O -cholesterol B-Chemical -in O -vivo O -andnor O -did O -flora O -from O -patients O -in O -whom O -polyposis O -had O -already O -been O -diagnosed O -. O - -aps B-category -Editorial O -: O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -in O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Intravenous O -copper B-Chemical -in O -Menkes O -' O -kinky O -- O -hair O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -concentrations O -of O -pancreatic O -glucagon O -, O -cortisol B-Chemical -, O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -, O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -and O -growth O -hormone O -have O -been O -measured O -during O -the O -first O -41 O -hours O -of O -insulin O -deprivation O -in O -six O -insulin O -- O -dependent O -diabetics O -to O -assess O -the O -importance O -of O -these O -hormones O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -diabetic O -ketoacidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -three O -of O -the O -six O -patients O -who O -developed O -significant O -ketosis O -, O -plasma O -- O -glucagon O -showed O -a O -close O -correlation O -with O -blood O -- O -ketones O -and O -plasma O -- O -free O -- O -fatty O -- O -acids O -while O -for O -the O -whole O -group O -the O -change O -in O -glucagon O -concentration O -correlated O -significantly O -with O -the O -rise O -in O -ketone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -body I-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -prothrombin B-Chemical -complex I-Chemical -concentrate I-Chemical -rich O -in O -factor O -VII O -has O -been O -used O -in O -the O -management O -of O -the O -clotting O -defect O -in O -thirteen O -patients O -with O -liver O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -acute O -renal O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -According O -to O -this O -hypothesis O -, O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -made O -in O -the O -medulla O -normally O -enter O -the O -loop O -of O -Henle O -and O -thus O -are O -present O -in O -distal O -tubule O -fluid O -reaching O -the O -macula O -densa O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -slowed O -flow O -through O -the O -loop O -and O -augmented O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -release O -combine O -to O -produce O -a O -high O -concentration O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -in O -fluid O -leaving O -the O -medulla O -which O -, O -acting O -on O -the O -macula O -densa O -, O -counteracts O -the O -vasoconstrictor O -stimulus O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -feedback O -loop O -would O -be O -opened O -, O -constrictor O -mechanism O -remain O -unchecked O -, O -and O -filtration O -failure O -perpetuated O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Dane O -particles O -in O -homogenates O -of O -mosquitoes O -fed O -with O -HBsAg B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -positive I-Chemical -human O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Role O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -arrhythmias O -after O -acute O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -response O -as O -screening O -for O -specific O -antidepressant B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Chronic O -low O -- O -level O -lead B-Chemical -exposure O -and O -mental O -retardation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -analgesic O -effect O -of O -self O -- O -administered O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -50 O -% O -/ O -oxygen B-Chemical -50 O -% O -( O -' O -Entonox O -" O -analgesic O -apparatus O -) O -was O -compared O -with O -air O -given O -by O -the O -same O -method O -in O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -trial O -in O -81 O -patients O -with O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Sucrose O -was O -tested O -as O -a O -possible O -alternative O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -oral O -diarrhoea O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -the O -rarity O -of O -treatment O -failures O -of O -oral O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -electrolyte I-Chemical -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -in O -oral O -rehydration O -therapy O -solutions O -in O -place O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -tested O -in O -18 O -patients O -, O -17 O -males O -and O -1 O -female O -, O -admitted O -for O -treatment O -of O -severe O -dehydration O -due O -to O -diarrhea O -and O -vomiting O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -breakdown O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -by O -intestinal O -enzymes O -or O -by O -bacteria O -accounts O -for O -the O -presence O -of O -reducing O -sugar O -in O -the O -stool O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relation O -between O -serum O -osmolality O -and O -blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alcohol I-Chemical -was O -studied O -prospectively O -in O -565 O -acute O -trauma O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Editorial O -: O -Oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -and O -liver O -tumours O -. O - -aps B-category -Many O -hospitals O -throughout O -the O -world O -obtain O -oxygen B-Chemical -from O -a O -supply O -of O -bulk O -liquid O -oxygen B-Chemical -which O -is O -delivered O -throughout O -the O -hospital O -via O -pipelines O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxygen B-Chemical -delivery O -systen O -described O -lacked O -a O -relief O -valve O -to O -vent O -excessive O -pressures O -. O - -aps B-category -Regulations O -in O -the O -U O -. O -K O -. O -do O -not O -provide O -for O -pressure O -- O -relief O -valves O -on O -liquid O -oxygen B-Chemical -pipeline O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Improving O -the O -bioavailability O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Plasma O -iron B-Chemical -and O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -capacity O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Breast O -cancer O -associated O -with O -administration O -of O -spironolactone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -and O -haemolytic O -adaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Schizophrenia O -, O -epilepsy O -, O -cancer O -, O -methionine B-Chemical -, O -and O -folate B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Localisation O -of O -human O -gene O -for O -galactose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -uridyltransferase I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -in O -Down O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Prevention O -of O -fatal O -postoperative O -pulmonary O -embolism O -by O -low O -doses O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -4121 O -patients O -over O -the O -age O -of O -forty O -years O -undergoing O -a O -variety O -of O -elective O -major O -surgical O -procedures O -were O -included O -in O -the O -trial O -; O -2076 O -of O -these O -were O -in O -the O -control O -group O -and O -2045 O -patients O -received O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -16 O -patients O -in O -the O -control O -group O -and O -2 O -in O -the O -heparin B-Chemical -group O -were O -found O -at O -necropsy O -to O -have O -died O -due O -to O -acute O -massive O -pulmonary O -embolism O -( O -P O -smaller O -than O -0 O -- O -005 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -667 O -were O -in O -the O -control O -group O -and O -625 O -in O -the O -heparin B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -was O -detected O -at O -necropsy O -; O -24 O -in O -the O -control O -and O -6 O -in O -the O -heparin B-Chemical -group O -( O -P O -smaller O -0 O -- O -005 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -24 O -patients O -in O -the O -control O -and O -8 O -in O -the O -heparin B-Chemical -group O -were O -treated O -for O -clinically O -suspected O -pulmonary O -emoblism O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -difference O -in O -the O -number O -of O -patients O -who O -developed O -wound O -haematoma O -in O -the O -heparin B-Chemical -and O -control O -groups O -was O -significant O -( O -P O -smaller O -0 O -- O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -barrier O -may O -be O -overcome O -by O -abrasives O -or O -irritants O -such O -as O -hard O -grains O -, O -food O -with O -high O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -concentration O -, O -or O -surfactants O -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -dosage O -favoured O -the O -appearance O -of O -resistance O -; O -therefore O -regular O -treatment O -of O -lepromatous O -leprosy O -with O -dapsone B-Chemical -in O -full O -dosage O -is O -recommended O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Potassium B-Chemical -supplementation O -of O -thiazide B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Vitamins O -and O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Editorial O -: O -Giving O -up O -smoking B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Amantadine B-Chemical -in O -chorea O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -randomised O -study O -, O -single O -intravenous O -doses O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -0 O -- O -1 O -mg O -. O -per O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -after O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -but O -not O -after O -practolol O -or O -acebutolol O -) O -were O -significantly O -greater O -than O -the O -corresponding O -changes O -after O -placebo O -. O - -aps B-category -after O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -corresponding O -changes O -after O -practolol O -, O -were O -significantly O -different O -, O -all O -of O -which O -confirmed O -that O -practolol O -was O -more O -cardioselective O -than O -propranolo O -. O - -aps B-category -after O -acebutolol O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -were O -of O -the O -same O -order O -, O -there O -being O -no O -significant O -differences O -between O -the O -two O -, O -whereas O -the O -reductions O -after O -acebutolol O -were O -clearly O -greater O -than O -the O -corresponding O -changes O -after O -practolol O -, O -the O -differences O -being O -significant O -at O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -and O -4 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lack O -of O -equivalence O -in O -the O -distrubtion O -of O -normal O -ranges O -for O -free O -thyroxine B-Chemical -index O -( O -FT4I O -) O -and O -free O -triiodothyronine O -index O -( O -FT3I O -) O -in O -the O -over O -sixty O -- O -five O -age O -- O -group O -, O -as O -compared O -with O -the O -fifteen O -- O -sixty O -- O -five O -age O -- O -group O -, O -supports O -the O -idea O -that O -" O -T4 O -toxicosis O -" O -is O -a O -common O -biochemical O -finding O -in O -elderly O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -95 O -% O -ethanol B-Chemical -solution O -containing O -0 O -- O -5 O -% O -chlorhexidine O -digluconate O -caused O -a O -significantly O -greater O -mean O -reduction O -in O -skin O -bacteria O -( O -99 O -- O -9 O -% O -plus O -or O -minus O -0 O -- O -024 O -) O -when O -rubbed O -by O -a O -gloved O -hand O -on O -to O -the O -skin O -of O -one O -hand O -for O -two O -minutes O -than O -when O -applied O -to O -the O -same O -area O -for O -the O -same O -time O -with O -the O -traditional O -gauze O -applicator O -for O -operation O -sites O -( O -90 O -- O -7 O -% O -plus O -or O -minus O -2 O -- O -12 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -studies O -on O -disinfection O -of O -the O -surgeon O -' O -s O -hands O -with O -0 O -- O -5 O -% O -chlorhexidine O -in O -95 O -% O -alcohol B-Chemical -rubbed O -on O -and O -allowed O -to O -dry O -have O -supported O -its O -value O -and O -acceptability O -; O -the O -mean O -bacterial O -counts O -of O -washings O -from O -gloves O -of O -surgeons O -after O -operations O -were O -lower O -after O -the O -use O -of O -this O -method O -than O -after O -other O -preoperative O -preparations O -of O -the O -hands O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -follow O -- O -up O -of O -twenty O -- O -six O -male O -patients O -with O -azoospermia O -after O -stopping O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -treatment O -showed O -a O -return O -of O -spermatogenesis O -in O -twelve O -patients O -within O -15 O -- O -49 O -months O -( O -mean O -31 O -months O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -period O -of O -follow O -- O -up O -after O -stopping O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -therapy O -varied O -from O -5 O -months O -to O -4 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Return O -of O -spermatogenesis O -was O -not O -significantly O -associated O -with O -age O -, O -duration O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -total O -dose O -, O -or O -time O -of O -follow O -- O -up O -after O -stopping O -treatment O -; O -however O -, O -the O -number O -of O -patients O -in O -the O -study O -was O -small O -. O - -aps B-category -is O -raised O -, O -such O -as O -swelling O -of O -the O -supraclavicular O -fat O -pad O -and O -the O -less O -commonly O -encountered O -symptoms O -of O -ascites O -or O -pericardial O -and O -pleural O -serous O -effusions O -which O -can O -persist O -for O -years O -in O -undiagnosed O -cases O -and O -respond O -rapidly O -to O -thyroxine B-Chemical -when O -serum O -- O -T O -. O -S O -. O -H O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Hypotension O -during O -angiotensin B-Chemical -blockade O -with O -saralasin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Folate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -responsive I-Chemical -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenytoin I-Chemical -levels O -in O -management O -of O -epilepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -from O -four O -of O -these O -patients O -and O -from O -fifteen O -others O -have O -been O -used O -to O -construct O -a O -nomogram O -which O -permits O -the O -clinician O -, O -given O -a O -single O -, O -accurate O -, O -steady O -- O -state O -phenytoin B-Chemical -level O -, O -to O -adjust O -the O -dosage O -to O -achieve O -the O -desirable O -therapeutic O -concentration O -of O -60 O -or O -80 O -mumol O -per O -litre O -( O -15 O -or O -20 O -mug O -. O - -aps B-category -Thymopoietin O -and O -myasthenia O -gravis O -: O -neostigmine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -responsive I-Chemical -neuromuscular O -block O -produced O -in O -mice O -by O -a O -synthetic O -peptide O -fragment O -of O -thymopoietin O -. O - -aps B-category -Biological O -and O -culturel O -differences O -between O -men O -and O -women O -lead B-Chemical -to O -severe O -discrimination O -against O -women O -doctors O -who O -bear O -the O -burdens O -of O -pregnancy O -, O -child O -- O -rearing O -, O -and O -housework O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Folate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -responsive I-Chemical -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Serum O -- O -aminoacids O -and O -brain O -tryptophan B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Attenuation O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -analgesia O -by O -serum O -from O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -Cytogenetic O -effect O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -on O -human O -leukocytes O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -phenethyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -and O -other O -organic O -substances O -on O -cellulas O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -benzyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -) O -resulted O -in O -similar O -or O -more O -extensive O -cellulase O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -release O -, O -formation O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -activity O -( O -SRS O -- O -C O -) O -and O -mast O -cell O -degranulation O -by O -the O -direct O -lytic O -factor O -( O -DLF O -) O -and O -phospholipase O -A O -of O -cobra O -venom O -. O - -aps B-category -Cobra O -venom O -caused O -mast O -cell O -degranulation O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -and O -SRS O -- O -C O -formation O -in O -both O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -DLF O -caused O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -, O -SRS O -- O -C O -formation O -and O -mast O -cell O -degranulation O -in O -both O -systems O -; O -in O -rat O -peritoneal O -cell O -suspensions O -it O -acted O -almost O -as O -strong O -as O -equivalent O -doses O -of O -cobra O -venom O -, O -in O -guinea O -pig O -lungs O -it O -was O -much O -less O -active O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Cytochemistry O -of O -acid O -mucopolysaccharides O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -human O -granulocytic O -line O -in O -normal O -and O -pathological O -conditions O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Cromolyn O -sodium B-Chemical -( O -disodium O -cromoglycate O -) O -prophylaxis O -. O - -aps B-category -Maturation O -of O -a O -hypermodified O -nucleoside B-Chemical -in O -transfer O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -tRNA O -isolated O -from O -the O -three O -cultures O -containted O -, O -respectively O -, O -a O -normal O -complement O -of O -modified O -nucleosides B-Chemical -; O -a O -deficiency O -in O -thiolated O -nucleosides B-Chemical -and O -a O -deficiency O -in O -methylated O -nucleosides B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Methyl O -- O -deficient O -tRNA O -contained O -, O -in O -addition O -a O -large O -amount O -of O -a O -cytokinin O -active O -, O -differently O -modified O -nucleoside B-Chemical -that O -is O -believed O -to O -be O -a O -sulfur O -derivative O -of O -N6 O -- O -( O -delta O -- O -2 O -- O -isopentenyl O -) O -adenosine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -State O -of O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -system O -in O -thyrotoxicosis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulation O -of O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -system O -by O -the O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -diet O -, O -hydrochlorthiazide O -and O -by O -placing O -the O -body O -into O -orthostatic O -position O -caused O -a O -relatively O -weaker O -increase O -in O -the O -renin O -activity O -in O -comparison O -with O -such O -in O -healthy O -individuals O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -supposed O -that O -the O -principal O -factors O -causing O -activation O -of O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -system O -in O -thyrotoxicosis O -were O -the O -loss O -of O -water O -and O -electrolytes O -by O -the O -organism O -and O -the O -appearance O -of O -oversensitivity O -to O -adrenergic O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -blood O -PBI O -content O -proved O -to O -elevate O -in O -administration O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -dipropionate O -( O -EDP O -) O -to O -castrated O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Conflicting O -results O -were O -obtained O -in O -three O -drug O -interaction O -experiments O -designed O -to O -determine O -in O -man O -effects O -of O -chronic O -nortriptyline B-Chemical -administration O -on O -plasma O -antipyrine O -half O -- O -lives O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -same O -dose O -of O -liquid O -nortriptyline B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -p O -. O -o O -. O - -aps B-category -Halofenate O -( O -mk O -- O -185 O -) O -and O -antipyrine O -, O -bishydroxycoumarin O -, O -and O -warfarin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -halofenate O -administration O -to O -rats O -, O -mice O -and O -dogs O -stimulated O -several O -hepatic O -microsomal O -drug O -- O -metabolizing O -systems O -, O -including O -those O -responsible O -for O -bishydroxycoumarin O -warfarin B-Chemical -hydroxylation O -. O - -aps B-category -administration O -of O -inulin O -trinicotinate O -- O -monomethochloride O -( O -L O -- O -3 O -) O -on O -haemodynamics O -, O -airway O -pressure O -and O -blood O -histamine B-Chemical -levels O -were O -studied O -in O -chloralose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -anaesthetized I-Chemical -dogs O -and O -compared O -with O -the O -effects O -of O -compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -. O - -aps B-category -L O -- O -3 O -( O -0 O -. O -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -released O -high O -amounts O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -as O -indicated O -by O -a O -peak O -level O -in O -arterial O -histamine B-Chemical -of O -0 O -. O -212 O -plus O -or O -minus O -0 O -. O -027 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -within O -3 O -min O -, O -which O -was O -not O -futher O -enhanced O -on O -increasing O -the O -dosage O -of O -L O -- O -3 O -to O -1 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concomitant O -fall O -in O -systemic O -blood O -pressure O -and O -the O -rise O -in O -airway O -pressure O -can O -be O -satisfactorily O -explained O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -liberation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -portal O -- O -hepatic O -vein O -differences O -revealed O -no O -consistent O -changes O -in O -liver O -histamine B-Chemical -balance O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -, O -L O -- O -3 O -and O -48 O -/ O -80 O -elicited O -a O -similar O -pattern O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -and O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparative O -studies O -on O -2 O -methods O -employed O -in O -the O -search O -for O -alcohol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -bacilli O -in O -pulmonary O -secretions O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -and O -densensitization O -in O -human O -leukocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -protein O -A O -treatment O -of O -cells O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -, O -both O -in O -complete O -and O -Ca O -- O -2 O -+ O -- O -free O -medium O -, O -results O -in O -the O -inhibition O -of O -anti O -- O -IgE O -- O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -in O -all O -cell O -preparations O -, O -indicating O -that O -protein O -A O -and O -anti O -- O -IgE O -antibodies O -release O -histamine B-Chemical -from O -the O -same O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -some O -cell O -preparations O -desensitization O -but O -no O -histamine B-Chemical -liberation O -is O -induced O -by O -protein O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -leukocytes O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -with O -anti O -- O -IgE O -antibodies O -, O -or O -F O -( O -ab O -) O -2 O -fragments O -from O -such O -antibodies O -, O -also O -results O -in O -an O -inhibition O -of O -a O -subsequent O -anti O -- O -IgE O -- O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Anti O -- O -beta2 O -- O -m O -, O -as O -well O -as O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -, O -induced O -polyclonal O -antibody O -production O -and O -intracellular O -immunoglobulin O -synthesis O -in O -blast O -cells O -, O -which O -is O -taken O -as O -evidence O -that O -these O -substances O -are O -human O -B O -- O -cell O -mitogens O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -strains O -were O -sensitive O -to O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -and O -all O -but O -one O -were O -sensitive O -to O -tetracycline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Components O -of O -the O -sedimented O -fractions O -were O -examined O -by O -phase O -contrast B-Chemical -and O -electron O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Adriamycin B-Chemical -has O -proved O -an O -effective O -palliative O -agent O -and O -a O -useful O -adjuvant O -to O -surgical O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Dehydration O -in O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -propylene O -oxide O -produces O -a O -further O -10 O -% O -shrinkage O -in O -volume O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -additives O -tested O -( O -ethyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -glycerine O -, O -chloral O -hydrate O -, O -ethylene O -and O -propylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -, O -and O -citric O -, O -malonic O -and O -maleic O -acids O -) O -in O -varying O -degrees O -limited O -the O -conversion O -of O -hematein O -to O -insoluble O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Hematoxylin O -substitutes O -: O -fluorone O -black O -and O -methyl O -fluorone O -black O -( O -9 O -- O -phenyl O -- O -and O -9 O -- O -methyl O -- O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -7 O -- O -trihydroxy O -- O -6 O -- O -fluorone O -) O -as O -metachrome O -iron B-Chemical -alum O -mordant O -dyes O -. O - -aps B-category -Nuclear O -staining O -is O -unaffected O -by O -acid O -extraction O -of O -nucleic O -acids O -, O -as O -with O -hematoxylin B-Chemical -lakes O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -dye O -has O -the O -diverse O -capability O -of O -hematoxylin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -macroscopic O -stain O -for O -gross O -brain O -sections O -to O -be O -embedded O -in O -plastic O -, O -tannic O -acid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iron I-Chemical -alum O -is O -superior O -to O -the O -generally O -recommended O -LeMasurier O -' O -s O -variation O -of O -the O -Berlin O -blue O -technique O -because O -of O -its O -greater O -permanency O -in O -plastic O -. O - -aps B-category -Develop O -in O -0 O -. O -08 O -% O -ferric O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -in O -distilled O -water O -until O -gray O -matter O -is O -light O -gray O -, O -about O -10 O -- O -15 O -seconds O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -latter O -method O -may O -offer O -hazards O -related O -to O -the O -high O -tension O -and O -production O -of O -ozone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Grimelius O -silver B-Chemical -nitrate B-Chemical -technique O -stains O -adult O -rat O -A O -cells O -but O -failed O -to O -stain O -fetal O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Fetal O -D O -cells O -were O -not O -stained O -by O -the O -Hellerstrom O -- O -Hellman O -alcoholic O -silver B-Chemical -nitrate B-Chemical -method O -, O -nor O -did O -they O -display O -pseudoisocyanin O -metachromasia O -after O -acid O -hydrolysis O -; O -they O -did O -fluoresce O -brightly O -with O -this O -technique O -when O -viewed O -with O -UV O -light O -. O - -aps B-category -Reprecipitation O -deposits O -of O -secondary O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -were O -present O -in O -the O -dentin O -and O -soft O -tissues O -of O -the O -dental O -pulp O -and O -, O -if O -the O -final O -pH O -was O -3 O -or O -greater O -, O -in O -the O -remnants O -of O -the O -periodontal O -ligament O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -light O -microscopic O -demonstration O -of O -the O -specific O -granulation O -of O -the O -rat O -atrial O -myocardium O -by O -lead B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hematoxylin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tartrazine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Contrast B-Chemical -was O -enhanced O -by O -counterstaining O -in O -a O -saturated O -solution O -of O -tartrazine O -in O -Cellosolve O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -periods O -of O -survival O -which O -can O -be O -obtained O -on O -patients O -with O -a O -primary O -tumor O -of O -the O -brain O -after O -an O -unique O -or O -post O -- O -operative O -cobalt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -60 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -irradiation I-Chemical -is O -dependent O -of O -the O -histology O -: O -while O -periods O -of O -survival O -of O -several O -years O -have O -been O -obtained O -in O -case O -of O -medulloblastoma O -and O -astrocytoma O -, O -the O -irradiation O -of O -the O -multiform O -glioblastoma O -represents O -only O -a O -palliative O -measure O -with O -a O -temporary O -amelioration O -for O -any O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -in O -vitro O -system O -for O -testing O -steroids B-Chemical -which O -might O -be O -effective O -in O -treating O -benign O -prostatic O -hypertrophy O -( O -BPH O -) O -has O -been O -developed O -based O -upon O -the O -transformation O -of O -H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -testosterone I-Chemical -into O -the O -5 O -- O -alpha O -- O -reduction O -products O -dihydrotestosterone O -and O -3 O -- O -alpha O -- O -androstanediol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rate O -of O -H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -testosterone I-Chemical -metabolism O -could O -not O -be O -enhanced O -after O -the O -endogenous O -testosterone B-Chemical -content O -within O -the O -prostate O -glands O -had O -been O -used O -up O -by O -means O -of O -a O -preincubation O -. O - -aps B-category -Damaging O -the O -BPH O -- O -cells O -, O -however O -, O -by O -repetitive O -freezing O -and O -thawing O -lead B-Chemical -to O -an O -almost O -complete O -inhibition O -of O -H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -testosterone I-Chemical -turnover O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -fluorescent O -microscopy O -and O -spectroscopy O -studies O -involving O -micro O -- O -organisms O -which O -were O -either O -viable O -or O -devitalised O -by O -heat O -sterilisation O -or O -gamma O -irradiation O -and O -could O -not O -be O -cultured O -any O -more O -, O -fluorochrome O -binding O -with O -3 O -' O -, O -6 O -' O -- O -diacetyl O -fluorescein B-Chemical -was O -shown O -to O -be O -linked O -with O -the O -viability O -of O -a O -cell O -and O -a O -function O -of O -its O -actual O -metabolic O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -Viable O -cells O -are O -capable O -of O -storing O -fluorescein B-Chemical -intracellularly O -, O -bound O -to O -structural O -elements O -. O - -aps B-category -Beyond O -this O -, O -they O -are O -incapable O -of O -fluorescein B-Chemical -binding O -to O -structural O -elements O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -) O -were O -grown O -aerobically O -in O -Whittlestone O -' O -s O -Medium O -containing O -swine O -serum O -for O -4 O -- O -5 O -days O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -After O -centrifugation O -and O -washing O -they O -were O -freeze O -- O -dried O -and O -extracted O -with O -a O -phenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -water I-Chemical -solution O -( O -4 O -: O -2 O -: O -1 O -) O -( O -1 O -ml O -/ O -5 O -mg O -mycoplasma O -dru O -weight O -) O -at O -4 O -degrees O -C O -over O -48 O -h O -. O -After O -centrifugation O -2 O -volumes O -of O -the O -supernatant O -were O -mixed O -with O -1 O -volume O -of O -a O -40 O -% O -sucrose B-Chemical -solution O -in O -35 O -% O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -solution O -was O -overlayed O -with O -0 O -, O -1 O -ml O -75 O -% O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -tubes O -then O -filled O -with O -10 O -% O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -basement O -membrane O -( O -BM O -) O -was O -examined O -by O -light O -microscopy O -in O -cases O -of O -lobular O -carcinoma O -in O -situ O -of O -the O -breast O -( O -LCIS O -) O -, O -employing O -the O -following O -stains O -: O -haematoxylin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -eosin I-Chemical -, O -van O -Gieson O -- O -Hansen O -, O -PAS O -, O -colloidal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iron I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -PAS I-Chemical -, O -and O -reticulin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -afterchroming O -process O -renders O -the O -stain O -much O -more O -resistant O -to O -various O -extraction O -agents O -and O -even O -moderately O -resistant O -to O -acid O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -reversible O -syndrome O -resembling O -systemic O -lupus O -erythematosus O -and O -induced O -by O -hydralazine B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -therapy O -is O -a O -well O -- O -recognized O -phenomenon O -in O -adults O -but O -does O -not O -seem O -to O -have O -been O -reported O -in O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -not O -known O -whether O -children O -receiving O -hydralazine B-Chemical -are O -as O -susceptible O -to O -this O -complication O -as O -adults O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rhythm O -distrubance O -failed O -to O -respond O -to O -sedatives O -and O -narcotics O -but O -was O -successfuly O -reverted O -to O -sinus O -rhythm O -following O -the O -administration O -of O -intravenous O -propranolol B-Chemical -to O -the O -mother O -. O - -aps B-category -d O -- O -Hyoscyamine O -did O -not O -change O -SVD O -or O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -vasodilation O -, O -but O -when O -administered O -prior O -to O -l O -- O -hyoscyamine O -, O -threshold O -for O -blockade O -of O -SVD O -by O -the O -l O -- O -isomer O -increased O -10 O -, O -000 O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -Eserine O -partly O -blocked O -SVD O -, O -but O -enhanced O -and O -prolonged O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -vasodilation O -. O - -aps B-category -14 O -allergic O -reactions O -to O -dextran B-Chemical -60 O -and O -dextran B-Chemical -75 O -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -the O -patients O -were O -treated O -with O -prednisolone B-Chemical -and O -fluids O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -procedure O -for O -the O -rapid O -, O -quantitative O -N O -- O -acetylation O -of O -amino B-Chemical -sugar O -methyl O -glycosides O -. O - -aps B-category -Efficiency O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -permanganate O -in O -differentiating O -between O -live O -and O -dead O -nematodes O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -disease O -and O -alcohol B-Chemical -: O -fatty O -liver O -, O -alcoholic O -hepatitis O -, O -cirrhosis O -, O -and O -their O -interrelationships O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulation O -of O -the O -posterior O -pituitary O -by O -dehydration O -, O -in O -particular O -after O -injection O -of O -the O -diuretic B-Chemical -furosemide B-Chemical -, O -leads O -to O -an O -increased O -activity O -of O -pituicytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Microtubules O -, O -cyclic O -AMP O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -and O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -at O -molarities O -equivalent O -to O -mu O -= O -0 O -. O -08 O -, O -four O -monovalent O -cation O -salts O -, O -including O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -Na O -( O -2 O -) O -SO O -( O -4 O -) O -, O -NH O -( O -4 O -) O -Cl O -, O -and O -( O -NH O -( O -4 O -) O -) O -( O -2 O -) O -SO O -( O -4 O -) O -, O -all O -prevented O -inhibition O -by O -dihydrostreptomycin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -course O -of O -6 O -children O -with O -primary O -intestinal O -lymphangiectuasia O -who O -have O -been O -treated O -with O -low O -fat O -medium O -chain O -triglyceride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -supplemented I-Chemical -diets O -for O -between O -3 O -and O -8 O -years O -( O -4 O -for O -longer O -than O -5 O -years O -) O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Certain O -samples O -of O -honey O -produced O -by O -bees O -in O -the O -vicinity O -of O -the O -New O -York O -State O -Thruway O -appeared O -to O -contain O -elevated O -levels O -of O -certain O -elements O -known O -to O -be O -emitted O -by O -traffic O -, O -such O -as O -aluminum B-Chemical -, O -barium B-Chemical -, O -calcuim O -, O -copper B-Chemical -, O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -nickel O -, O -palladium O -, O -and O -silicon O -, O -but O -the O -true O -source O -of O -these O -elements O -was O -uncertain O -. O - -aps B-category -Specimens O -from O -various O -types O -of O -Paget O -disease O -, O -other O -tumors O -, O -and O -certain O -normal O -tissues O -were O -examined O -with O -a O -battery O -of O -histochemical O -techniques O -, O -including O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -borohydride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -potassium I-Chemical -hydroxide O -- O -PAS O -method O -that O -specifically O -stains O -certain O -sialomucins O -that O -are O -found O -in O -terminal O -parts O -of O -the O -ileum O -and O -of O -the O -colon O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -field O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -13 I-Chemical -NMR O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Early O -temporal O -changes O -in O -the O -uridine B-Chemical -kinase O -isozyme O -profile O -of O -the O -Novikoff O -hepatoma O -in O -response O -to O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -morphological O -changes O -developing O -due O -to O -this O -treatment O -were O -compared O -with O -the O -hormone O -blood O -level O -measured O -as O -labelled O -protein O -- O -bound O -iodine B-Chemical -( O -PBI O -- O -127 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -the O -substances O -in O -vivo O -was O -measured O -on O -the O -size O -of O -the O -tumour O -, O -and O -in O -vitro O -on O -the O -incorporation O -of O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -and O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -uridine I-Chemical -in O -short O -- O -term O -incubations O -of O -tumour O -- O -cell O -suspensions O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -H I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -uridine I-Chemical -incorporation O -in O -the O -tumour O -- O -cell O -suspensions O -in O -vitro O -was O -in O -good O -agreement O -with O -the O -results O -of O -therapy O -in O -the O -animal O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -Extracellular O -( O -perifibrous O -, O -interstitial O -) O -deposits O -of O -lipid O -with O -a O -high O -content O -of O -esterified O -cholesterol B-Chemical -were O -found O -in O -more O -than O -90 O -% O -of O -human O -specimens O -, O -in O -52 O -% O -of O -other O -mammals O -and O -in O -62 O -. O -5 O -% O -of O -birds O -included O -in O -the O -survey O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -gonadotrophins O -( O -LH O -and O -FSH O -) O -, O -oestrogen B-Chemical -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -SHBG O -were O -all O -markedly O -elevated O -in O -thyrotoxic O -subjects O -but O -became O -normal O -when O -the O -euthyroid O -state O -and O -normal O -menstruation O -were O -restored O -after O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -cDNAov O -was O -then O -employed O -in O -hybridization O -assays O -to O -determine O -the O -effect O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -on O -the O -number O -of O -ovalbumin O -mRNA O -( O -MRNAov O -) O -molecules O -per O -tubular O -gland O -cell O -of O -the O -chick O -oviduct O -. O - -aps B-category -Daily O -estrogen B-Chemical -administration O -to O -the O -immature O -chick O -resulted O -in O -growth O -of O -the O -oviduct O -, O -differentiation O -of O -epithelial O -cells O -to O -tubular O -glands O -, O -and O -a O -corresponding O -increase O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -mRNAov O -in O -the O -tubular O -gland O -cell O -from O -essentially O -zero O -before O -estrogen B-Chemical -administration O -to O -48 O -, O -000 O -molecules O -per O -cell O -after O -18 O -days O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Readministration O -of O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -to O -these O -chicks O -resulted O -in O -a O -dramatic O -and O -rapid O -increase O -in O -the O -concentration O -of O -mRNAov O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -obtained O -from O -studies O -of O -actinomycin O -D O -binding O -to O -heat O -- O -denatured O -poly O -[ O -d O -( O -DAP O -- O -A O -- O -T O -) O -] O -and O -of O -actinomine O -and O -actinomycin O -D O -lactam O -binding O -to O -DNA O -suggest O -that O -the O -slow O -rate O -processes O -are O -related O -to O -an O -actinomycyl O -- O -pentapeptide O -- O -induced O -unwinding O -of O -the O -sugar B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -backbone O -of O -DNA O -accompanying O -insertion O -of O -the O -cyclic O -peptides O -into O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -the O -peptides O -containing O -the O -half B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -residues O -forming O -the O -interchain O -disulfide O -bonds O -, O -the O -glycopeptide O -of O -the O -Fc O -fragment O -and O -the O -COOH O -- O -terminal O -structure O -were O -similar O -if O -not O -identical O -with O -the O -analogous O -structures O -of O -gamma1 O -chains O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -the O -above O -methods O -, O -coupled O -with O -the O -observed O -vicinal O -alpha O -- O -CH O -- O -NH O -coupling O -constants O -and O -chemical O -shifts O -, O -indicate O -that O -in O -trifluoroethanol O -the O -peptide O -NH O -PROTONS O -OF O -D O -- O -Phe4 O -, O -D O -- O -Phe9 O -, O -L O -- O -Orn2 O -, O -and O -L O -- O -Val6 O -are O -exposed O -to O -the O -sovent O -, O -and O -those O -of O -L O -- O -Val1 O -, O -L O -- O -Orn7 O -, O -and O -L O -- O -Leu8 O -are O -solvent O -shielded O -and O -intramolecularly O -hydrogen B-Chemical -bonded O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -half O -of O -the O -molecule O -exhibits O -a O -different O -type O -of O -stable O -beta O -turn O -involving O -the O -ten O -- O -atom O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bonded I-Chemical -ring O -, O -cyclo O -- O -( O -L O -- O -Orn7 O -- O -NH O -- O -- O -O O -- O -C O -D O -- O -PHE4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -N O -- O -Bromosuccinimide O -oxidation O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -groups O -nearly O -abolished O -native O -protein O -fluorescence O -, O -but O -did O -not O -affect O -dye O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fluorescence O -emission O -of O -ANS O -bound O -to O -myelin O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -alkylation O -of O -membrane O -tryptophan B-Chemical -groups O -with O -the O -Koshland O -reagents O -, O -except O -for O -abolition O -of O -energy O -transfer O -from O -tryptophan B-Chemical -to O -bound O -dye O -molecules O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -proposed O -that O -in O -the O -intact O -myelin O -membrane O -the O -proteolipid O -is O -probably O -strongly O -associated O -with O -specific O -anionic O -membrane O -lipids O -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -most O -likely O -deeply O -embedded O -within O -the O -lipid O -hydrocarbon O -matrix O -of O -the O -myelin O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fraction O -binding O -of O -14 O -- O -C O -- O -salicylic O -acid O -and O -14 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pentobarbital I-Chemical -was O -studied O -as O -a O -function O -of O -age O -in O -plasma O -of O -the O -pig O -, O -dog O -, O -goat O -and O -human O -. O - -aps B-category -Depletion O -of O -albumin O -in O -newborn O -pig O -plasma O -did O -not O -appreciably O -affect O -the O -binding O -of O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -apparently O -does O -not O -exist O -at O -birth O -in O -the O -plasmas O -of O -the O -other O -species O -studied O -, O -as O -depletion O -of O -albumin O -markedly O -reduced O -the O -fractional O -binding O -of O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -no O -Ig O -synthesis O -by O -this O -patient O -' O -s O -cultured O -cells O -could O -be O -demonstrated O -, O -indicating O -a O -different O -level O -of O -block O -in O -the O -2 O -cases O -despite O -their O -similarity O -at O -the O -level O -of O -the O -cell O -surface O -. O - -aps B-category -Distribution O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -in O -brains O -of O -control O -and O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -pretreated O -dogs O -at O -the O -onset O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -convulsions O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -very O -few O -area O -4 O -efferents O -seemed O -to O -terminate O -in O -the O -caudate O -nucleus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distribution O -of O -molecules O -labeled O -with O -[ O -3H O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -by O -fast O -axoplasmic O -transport O -in O -vivo O -has O -been O -studied O -in O -the O -garfish O -olfactory O -nerve O -after O -incorporation O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -by O -the O -olfactory O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -4 O -) O -Proteins O -with O -high O -specific O -activities O -are O -found O -near O -the O -cell O -bodies O -and O -may O -be O -the O -result O -of O -early O -axonal O -transport O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -diffusing O -later O -into O -the O -surrounding O -cells O -and O -being O -incorporated O -into O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -tissues O -tested O -, O -actinomycin O -D O -increased O -injury O -and O -BCNU B-Chemical -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -increased O -injury O -only O -in O -the O -lung O -, O -where O -vincristine B-Chemical -caused O -minimal O -injury O -, O -and O -hydroxyurea O -, O -none O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -two O -children O -with O -rhabdomyosarcoma O -were O -treated O -with O -combination O -chemotherapy O -using O -vincristine B-Chemical -, O -actinomycin O -D O -, O -and O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -for O -varying O -time O -periods O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -seven O -unselected O -patients O -with O -limited O -disease O -non O -- O -oat O -- O -cell O -bronchogenic O -carcinoma O -were O -treated O -with O -a O -chemotherapy O -- O -radiotherapy O -protocol O -which O -consisted O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -, O -vincristine B-Chemical -, O -and O -methotrexate B-Chemical -followed O -by O -split O -- O -course O -radiation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -median O -survival O -time O -for O -the O -entire O -groups O -was O -42 O -weeks O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -a O -recent O -split O -- O -course O -radiotherapy O -historical O -control O -group O -whose O -median O -survival O -time O -was O -38 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -trial O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -( O -NSC O -- O -125066 O -) O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -metastatic O -renal O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Fifteen O -patients O -received O -bleomycin B-Chemical -intramuscularly O -and O -five O -patients O -received O -the O -drug O -via O -continuous O -infusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -of O -both O -leukemic O -and O -normal O -cell O -population O -reduction O -following O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -repopulation O -of O -NCFU O -in O -normal O -mice O -was O -not O -delayed O -at O -a O -high O -dose O -of O -AzaCR O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -mouse O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -14C O -activity O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -bleomycin B-Chemical -bound O -to O -DNA O -in O -bleomycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -rat O -ascites O -hepatoma O -cells O -( O -AH O -- O -66 O -) O -was O -8 O -. O -7 O -times O -higher O -than O -in O -resistant O -cells O -( O -AH O -- O -66F O -) O -when O -the O -cells O -were O -incubated O -with O -[ O -14C O -] O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bleomycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -inactivating I-Chemical -enzyme O -level O -in O -the O -resistant O -cells O -was O -3 O -. O -5 O -times O -higher O -than O -in O -the O -sensitive O -cells O -, O -indicating O -that O -the O -antibiotic O -incorporated O -into O -the O -resistent O -cells O -was O -reduced O -in O -DNA O -- O -binding O -activity O -to O -a O -large O -extent O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -bleomycin B-Chemical -to O -DNA O -in O -vitro O -was O -studied O -in O -the O -presence O -and O -the O -absence O -of O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cellular O -phosphorylation O -of O -1 O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -arabinofuranosylcytosine O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -with O -intact O -fibrosarcoma O -and O -leukemic O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cellular O -phosphorylation O -of O -both O -these O -nucleoside B-Chemical -analogs O -appears O -to O -follow O -Michaelis O -- O -Menton O -kinetics O -. O - -aps B-category -Deoxycytidine O -and O -cytidine O -were O -found O -to O -be O -potent O -competitive O -inhibitors O -of O -the O -phosphorylation O -of O -ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -and O -5 O -- O -aza O -- O -C O -, O -respectively O -, O -ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -and O -5 O -- O -aza O -- O -C O -were O -found O -to O -be O -weak O -competitive O -inhibitors O -of O -the O -phosphorylation O -of O -deoxycytidine O -and O -cytidine O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extent O -of O -surface O -CF O -reactivity O -of O -the O -marrow O -cells O -was O -markedly O -different O -from O -that O -obtained O -with O -Thorotrast O -and O -colloidal O -iron B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Neuronal O -projections O -from O -one O -optic O -lobe O -to O -other O -parts O -of O -the O -brain O -were O -stained O -in O -the O -cricket O -Gryllus O -campestris O -using O -the O -cobalt B-Chemical -sulphide O -technique O -and O -Timm O -' O -s O -sulphide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -silver I-Chemical -method O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -neurons O -of O -the O -first O -optic O -ganglion O -( O -the O -lamina O -) O -in O -the O -desert O -ant O -, O -Cataglyphis O -bicolor O -, O -have O -been O -studied O -with O -the O -light O -microscope O -after O -Golgi O -silver B-Chemical -impregnation O -. O - -aps B-category -Modalities O -of O -detection O -of O -these O -virus O -- O -induced O -structures O -by O -means O -of O -sheep O -or O -rabbit O -globulines O -labelled O -with O -fluorescein B-Chemical -isothiocyanate O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -supernatant O -of O -the O -inflammatory O -exudate O -after O -centrifugation O -at O -3 O -, O -000 O -g O -contained O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -the O -soluble O -lysosomal O -enzyme O -proteins O -, O -acid O -phosphatase O -and O -beta O -- O -glucuronidase O -until O -the O -sixth O -day O -following O -the O -initial O -dose O -of O -actinomycin O -D O -. O -5 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -analgesic O -properties O -of O -delta O -- O -9 O -- O -tetrahydrocannabinol O -and O -codeine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -chronic O -treatment O -with O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -and O -nortriptyline B-Chemical -on O -the O -elimination O -from O -plasma O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -, O -dicumarol O -, O -phenytoin B-Chemical -, O -and O -tolbutamide O -were O -examined O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -consistent O -effect O -on O -the O -metabolism O -of O -dicumarol O -following O -treatment O -with O -amitriptyline B-Chemical -or O -nortriptyline B-Chemical -although O -the O -bioavailability O -of O -dicumarol O -appeared O -to O -be O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversible O -interstitial O -pneumonitis O -associated O -with O -low O -dose O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dose O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -producing O -this O -complication O -was O -lower O -than O -previously O -reported O -, O -and O -the O -pulmonary O -toxicity O -was O -apparently O -completely O -reversible O -. O - -aps B-category -Periodic O -respiration O -during O -sleep O -was O -frequent O -at O -high O -altitude O -, O -was O -quickly O -terminated O -by O -oxygen B-Chemical -administration O -, O -was O -not O -clearly O -related O -to O -the O -increased O -number O -of O -arousals O -, O -and O -usually O -was O -not O -seen O -during O -REM O -periods O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -examined O -the O -effect O -of O -a O -dose O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -producing O -a O -mean O -blood O -alcohol B-Chemical -content O -of O -90 O -mg O -% O -on O -components O -of O -the O -scalp O -- O -recorded O -visually O -evoked O -potential O -( O -VEP O -) O -both O -with O -and O -without O -a O -visual O -discrimination O -task O -to O -control O -the O -level O -of O -attention O -, O -and O -the O -interaction O -of O -amplitudinal O -hemispheric O -asymmetry O -of O -the O -VEP O -with O -alcohol B-Chemical -treatment O -and O -the O -discrimination O -task O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -also O -found O -a O -reliable O -alcohol B-Chemical -by O -hemispheric O -asymmetry O -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -evoked O -potential O -( O -AEP O -) O -produced O -by O -a O -stationary O -grating O -of O -high O -dark O -- O -bright O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -recorded O -from O -the O -human O -occipital O -scalp O -, O -was O -less O -in O -amplitude O -when O -it O -was O -presented O -obliquely O -than O -when O -it O -was O -oriented O -horizontally O -or O -vertically O -, O -and O -in O -addition O -the O -amplitude O -was O -more O -variable O -for O -the O -oblique O -orientation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -investigated O -changes O -in O -the O -EEG O -of O -addicts O -initially O -on O -heroin B-Chemical -as O -they O -progressed O -through O -the O -induction O -and O -maintenance O -phases O -of O -a O -methadone B-Chemical -program O -. O - -aps B-category -Methadone B-Chemical -induction O -led O -either O -to O -marked O -reduction O -of O -this O -peak O -and O -widening O -of O -alpha O -band O -activity O -or O -to O -an O -increase O -in O -frequency O -of O -the O -alpha O -peak O -to O -12 O -c O -/ O -sec O -. O - -aps B-category -Electroencephalographic O -signs O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -tolerance O -and O -physical O -dependence O -in O -the O -cat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -animals O -then O -received O -ethanol B-Chemical -by O -gastric O -intubation O -, O -in O -doses O -of O -1 O -. O -5 O -g O -/ O -kg O -every O -8 O -, O -12 O -or O -24 O -h O -, O -for O -a O -period O -of O -5 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -animals O -showed O -EEG O -changes O -which O -are O -interpreted O -as O -signs O -of O -tolerance O -to O -and O -dependence O -on O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Visually O -evoked O -response O -( O -VER O -) O -and O -EEG O -from O -the O -motor O -cortex O -( O -precruciate O -gyrus O -) O -and O -the O -visual O -cortex O -( O -marginal O -gyrus O -) O -of O -cats O -were O -recorded O -from O -4 O -to O -7 O -h O -after O -the O -injection O -of O -anesthetic O -doses O -of O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloralose I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Pentobarbital B-Chemical -anesthesia O -produced O -little O -qualitative O -change O -in O -the O -effects O -of O -taurine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -elucidate O -the O -feedback O -relationship O -between O -the O -release O -of O -pituitary O -gonadotropins O -and O -sex O -steroid B-Chemical -hormones O -in O -Turner O -' O -s O -syndrome O -and O -Klinefelter O -' O -s O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -release O -of O -gonadotropins O -in O -response O -to O -LH O -- O -RH O -as O -well O -as O -in O -baseline O -level O -was O -suppressed O -after O -the O -treatment O -with O -estrogen B-Chemical -( O -mestranol O -0 O -. O -08 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -for O -10 O -days O -, O -followed O -by O -the O -treatment O -of O -the O -same O -period O -with O -estrogen B-Chemical -( O -mestranol O -0 O -. O -08 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -( O -chlormadinone O -acetate O -2 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -in O -combination O -in O -both O -syndromes O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -propionate I-Chemical -( O -25 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -for O -3 O -days O -resulted O -in O -suppression O -of O -the O -release O -of O -both O -gonadotropins O -in O -baseline O -level O -and O -in O -response O -to O -LH O -- O -RH O -in O -both O -syndromes O -, O -but O -the O -suppressive O -effect O -appeared O -to O -be O -less O -complete O -as O -compared O -with O -that O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -or O -estrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -progesterone I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -estrogen B-Chemical -and O -progesterone B-Chemical -levels O -in O -plasma O -as O -well O -as O -the O -changes O -in O -their O -relative O -concentrations O -may O -largely O -account O -for O -the O -structural O -changes O -on O -AP O -of O -pregnant O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Either O -a O -decline O -, O -a O -rise O -, O -or O -no O -change O -of O -the O -DPH O -plasma O -level O -may O -occur O -after O -the O -onset O -of O -administration O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Isoniazid B-Chemical -has O -been O -shown O -experimentally O -to O -be O -a O -strong O -inhibitor O -of O -DPH O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -large O -fragment O -essentially O -composed O -of O -peptides O -F O -- O -CB1 O -and O -F O -- O -CB2 O -could O -be O -obtained O -by O -limited O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -cleavage O -and O -showed O -considerably O -better O -immunological O -activity O -than O -peptides O -F O -- O -CB1 O -and O -F O -- O -CB2 O -together O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -commonly O -used O -live O -- O -dead O -stains O -( O -eosin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nigrosin I-Chemical -( O -EN O -) O -and O -eosin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -opal I-Chemical -blue O -( O -EOB O -) O -) O -were O -compared O -with O -the O -estimated O -active O -spermatozoa O -in O -semen O -samples O -from O -patients O -attending O -an O -infertility O -service O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -are O -numerous O -methods O -of O -in O -vivo O -or O -in O -vitro O -testing O -: O -skin O -testing O -, O -passive O -anaphylaxis O -testing O -on O -animals O -, O -study O -of O -precipitins O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -tests O -on O -human O -leukocytes O -, O -radio O -- O -immunological O -assay O -test O -( O -RAST O -) O -, O -blasticlymphocyte O -transformation O -test O -( O -TTB O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -show O -excellent O -correlation O -between O -the O -two O -biological O -results O -( O -cutaneous O -reaction O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -) O -and O -the O -content O -of O -E O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -demonstrated O -that O -10 O -units O -of O -antigen O -D3 O -gave O -1 O -) O -a O -70 O -% O -inhibition O -of O -PCA O -reactions O -in O -guinea O -pigs O -challenged O -with O -allergen O -B O -, O -and O -2 O -) O -a O -73 O -% O -inhibition O -of O -allergen O -- O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -monkey O -lung O -tissue O -sensitized O -with O -timothy O -reagin O -and O -challenged O -with O -the O -crude O -pollen O -extract O -( O -WST O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -seemingly O -most O -appropriate O -methods O -for O -standardization O -procedures O -of O -allergen O -extracts O -, O -the O -most O -serious O -candidates O -are O -in O -sequence O -of O -age O -: O -the O -old O -atopic O -skin O -test O -, O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -release I-Chemical -test O -, O -using O -human O -basophil O -cells O -and O -the O -radio O -- O -allergosorbent O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Optimum O -fractionation O -regimen O -for O -bleomycin B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tumorigenic O -effect O -of O -a O -diet O -containing O -the O -alpha O -- O -isomer O -of O -benzene B-Chemical -hexachloride O -( O -alpha O -- O -BHC O -) O -on O -the O -liver O -of O -various O -animals O -was O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Intramural O -injection O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -under O -direct O -vision O -for O -the O -treatment O -of O -protuberant O -lesions O -of O -the O -stomach O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -technique O -avoids O -the O -critical O -iodination O -of O -the O -hormone O -fragment O -containing O -no O -tyrosine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Autoradiography O -after O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -incorporation O -shows O -a O -late O -- O -labeling O -marker O -chromosome O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -compounds O -tested O -included O -4 O -azo O -dyes O -, O -12 O -polycyclic O -hydrocarbons O -, O -12 O -aromatic O -amines B-Chemical -, O -and O -7 O -miscellaneous O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -nicotinamide O -of O -an O -homologous O -PCA O -reaction O -and O -antigen O -- O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -rat O -peritoneal O -mast O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -nicotinamide O -on O -the O -cellular O -mechanism O -involved O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -antigen O -- O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -experimental O -model O -for O -studying O -anaphylactic O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -rat O -peritoneal O -cells O -in O -vitro O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -0 O -. O -2 O -% O -inactivated O -normal O -rat O -serum O -to O -the O -incubation O -media O -reduced O -the O -spontaneous O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -11 O -. O -5 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -9 O -% O -to O -3 O -. O -1 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -6 O -% O -( O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SD O -) O -of O -total O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -the O -corresponding O -figure O -for O -anaphylactic O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -was O -41 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -19 O -. O -7 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -both O -chromosomes O -No O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -on O -the O -synthesis O -and O -release O -of O -A O -- O -, O -B O -- O -and O -C O -- O -type O -viruses O -by O -oncornavirus O -carrier O -lines O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -of O -intracisternal O -A O -- O -type O -particles O -was O -finally O -not O -inhibited O -by O -interferon B-Chemical -pretreatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -procedure O -of O -lymphocyte O -purification O -included O -three O -consecutive O -steps O -: O -treatment O -with O -carbonyl O -iron B-Chemical -and O -magnetism O -, O -passage O -through O -a O -nylon O -wool O -column O -, O -and O -finally O -removal O -of O -complement O -receptor O -- O -bearing O -cells O -present O -in O -the O -colum O -- O -excluded O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -Penicillin B-Chemical -immunogenicity O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -different O -pharmaceutical O -adjuvants O -. O - -aps B-category -Tissues O -were O -fixed O -in O -an O -aqueous O -mixture O -containing O -glutaraldehyde O -( O -6 O -25 O -% O -v O -/ O -v O -) O -, O -picric O -acid O -( O -three O -- O -quarters O -saturation O -) O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -acetate O -( O -I O -% O -W O -/ O -V O -) O -adjusted O -to O -PH O -7 O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -. O - -aps B-category -Staining O -of O -sulphatides O -in O -metachromatic O -leukodystrophy O -with O -Alcian O -blue O -at O -high O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -tissue O -sections O -from O -patients O -with O -metachromatic O -leukodystrophy O -, O -sulphatide O -is O -stained O -by O -Alcian O -blue O -in O -0 O -. O -8 O -M O -magnesium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -staining O -can O -be O -abolished O -by O -prior O -treatment O -with O -chloroform B-Chemical -and O -methanol O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -with O -the O -peroxidase O -labelled O -antibody O -sandwich O -method O -using O -formalin B-Chemical -fixed O -paraffin O -embedded O -material O -. O - -aps B-category -Aminoglycoside B-Chemical -3 O -' O -- O -phosphotransferases O -I O -and O -II O -in O -three O -strains O -of O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -were O -studied O -in O -comparison O -with O -those O -in O -two O -strains O -of O -R O -factor O -- O -carrying O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -" O -- O -Amino O -- O -3 O -' O -, O -4 O -' O -, O -5 O -" O -- O -trideoxybutirosin O -A O -, O -a O -new O -semisynthetic O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotic O -. O - -aps B-category -Compound O -IX O -inhibits O -enhanced O -antibacterial O -activities O -, O -including O -strains O -of O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -and O -Escherichia O -coli O -which O -are O -highly O -resistant O -to O -Ic O -, O -butirosin O -or O -gentamicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Compound O -4 O -shows O -outstanding O -activities O -against O -strains O -including O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -and O -Escherichia O -coli O -which O -are O -highly O -resistant O -to O -butirosin O -and O -5 O -" O -- B-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -" O -- O -deoxybutirosin O -A O -( O -2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Cleavage O -of O -SV40 O -DNA O -by O -bleomycin B-Chemical -was O -assayed O -quantitatively O -in O -vitro O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -various O -ppolynucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -Various O -bleomycins O -and O -their O -derivatives O -and O -various O -fragments O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -were O -tested O -for O -possible O -activity O -in O -cleaving O -SV40 O -DNA O -and O -from O -the O -results O -some O -structure O -- O -activity O -relationships O -for O -the O -action O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -to O -act O -on O -DNA O -were O -outlined O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Study O -I O -, O -lindane B-Chemical -, O -heptachlor O -epoxide O -, O -dieldrin O -, O -endrin O -, O -methoxychlor O -, O -and O -DDT O -were O -fed O -in O -combination O -at O -3 O -levels O -: O -0 O -. O -05 O -, O -0 O -. O -15 O -, O -and O -0 O -. O -45 O -ppm O -. O - -aps B-category -Endrin O -ketone B-Chemical -, O -a O -metabolite O -of O -endrin O -, O -reached O -plateau O -levels O -approximately O -equal O -to O -feeding O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Anti O -- O -ASase O -CoII O -inhibited O -the O -glutamine B-Chemical -reaction O -by O -blocking O -amide O -transfer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -reducing O -agents O -, O -such O -as O -2 O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -, O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -L O -- O -ascorbic O -acid O -, O -or O -sodium B-Chemical -borohydride O -, O -and O -oxidizing O -agents O -, O -such O -as O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -or O -dehydroascorbic O -acid O -, O -on O -the O -in O -vitro O -action O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degradation O -of O -DNA O -was O -largely O -prevented O -by O -the O -removal O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -or O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -divalent O -cations O -or O -of O -S O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -aminoethyl O -) O -isothiuronium O -bromide B-Chemical -hydrobromide O -, O -a O -radical O -scavenger O -, O -to O -the O -incubation O -mixture O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -this O -reduction O -in O -activity O -was O -observed O -even O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -or O -in O -preincubation O -mixture O -supplemented O -with O -radical O -scavenger O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -showed O -substrate O -specificity O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -alkyl O -- O -chain O -length O -of O -the O -amine B-Chemical -moiety O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -oleate O -or O -other O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -as O -activators O -, O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -fructose O -- O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphatase O -by O -enzyme O -, O -at O -neutral O -pH O -, O -showed O -nonlinear O -initial O -rates O -dropping O -to O -lower O -linear O -rates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -Na O -dodecyl O -- O -SOJ O -, O -deoxycholate O -, O -or O -urea B-Chemical -did O -not O -improve O -the O -resolution O -of O -the O -factor O -, O -but O -these O -compounds O -did O -lower O -the O -K50 O -for O -activation O -by O -cytosol O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphatidic O -acid O -and O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -activated O -fructose O -- O -1 O -, O -6 O -- O -diphosphatase O -, O -and O -their O -action O -was O -synergistic O -with O -oleate O -. O - -aps B-category -Vitamin B-Chemical -K I-Chemical -and O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -prothrombin O -. O - -aps B-category -Tryptic O -peptides O -obtained O -from O -normal O -prothrombin O -have O -been O -compared O -with O -those O -obtained O -from O -prothrombin O -synthesized O -by O -cattle O -given O -the O -vitamin B-Chemical -K I-Chemical -antagonist O -dicumarol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -modified O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -were O -identified O -by O -mass O -spectrometric O -comparison O -with O -the O -thiohydantoin O -derivatives O -of O -synthetic O -gamma O -- O -carboxyglutamic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -is O -also O -presented O -that O -indicates O -that O -these O -gamma O -- O -carboxyglutamic O -acid O -residues O -constitute O -the O -entire O -vitamin B-Chemical -K I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -modification O -of O -prothrombin O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -iv O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -( O -IVGTT O -) O -and O -serum O -insulin O -responses O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -infusion O -have O -been O -measured O -in O -intact O -female O -rhesus O -monkeys O -treated O -per O -os O -with O -norethindrone O -or O -medroxyprogesterone O -acetate O -( O -500 O -mug O -/ O -day O -) O -both O -alone O -and O -in O -combination O -with O -mestranol O -or O -ethinyl B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -( O -10 O -mug O -/ O -day O -) O -orally O -for O -3 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -concurrent O -administration O -of O -norethindrone O -with O -mestranol O -or O -ethinyl B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -resulted O -in O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -fasting O -serum O -insulin O -concentration O -and O -the O -mean O -sigmal40 O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -improvement O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -produced O -in O -rhesus O -monkeys O -by O -concurrent O -mestranol O -+ O -norethindrone O -treatment O -was O -marginal O -because O -of O -wide O -variation O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -assimilation O -rates O -uncer O -control O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Thrombin O -converts O -fibrinogen O -to O -fibrin O -monomer O -by O -cleaving O -fibrinopeptides O -A O -and O -B O -( O -FPA O -and O -FPB O -) O -from O -the O -amino B-Chemical -terminal O -ends O -of O -the O -A O -( O -alpha O -) O -and O -B O -( O -beta O -) O -chains O -. O - -aps B-category -Unbound O -tracer O -was O -separated O -from O -bound O -tracer O -by O -charcoal B-Chemical -adsorption O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -descending O -projections O -of O -nucleus O -cuneiformis O -in O -the O -cat O -were O -traced O -by O -autoradiography O -in O -the O -transverse O -and O -sagittal O -planes O -following O -stereotaxically O -placed O -injections O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -was O -injected O -stereotaxically O -into O -either O -the O -globus O -pallidus O -or O -neostriatum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degeneration O -produced O -in O -these O -dopaminergic O -processes O -by O -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxydopamine I-Chemical -was O -invariably O -of O -the O -dark O -type O -. O - -aps B-category -Circulating O -immune O -complexes O -and O -antibodies O -to O -lidocaine B-Chemical -could O -not O -be O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -multiple O -interactions O -of O -the O -cationic O -carbocyanine O -dye O -, O -1 O -- O -ethyl O -- O -naptho O -- O -[ O -1 O -, O -2d O -] O -thiazolin O -- O -2 O -- O -ylidene O -) O -- O -2 O -- O -methylpropenyl O -] O -naptho O -[ O -1 O -, O -2d O -] O -thiazolium O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -' O -Stains O -- O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Where O -other O -green O -substances O -occur O -as O -in O -sialoglycoproteins O -of O -mucous O -or O -membranes O -, O -the O -lipids O -can O -be O -distinguished O -because O -they O -are O -extracted O -by O -chloroform B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methanol I-Chemical -( O -2 O -: O -1 O -) O -or O -pyridine O -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -are O -presented O -which O -show O -that O -cells O -from O -allotypically O -suppressed O -rabbits O -resist O -in O -vitro O -" O -rescue O -" O -attempts O -in O -which O -informational O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -i O -- O -RNA O -) O -coding O -for O -the O -suppressed O -allotypic O -marker O -is O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -high O -molecular O -weight O -dextran B-Chemical -to O -culture O -medium O -prevents O -the O -initiation O -of O -T O -lymphocyte O -- O -mediated O -killing O -by O -holding O -the O -cytolytic O -T O -lymphocytes O -( O -CTL O -) O -and O -target O -cells O -in O -suspension O -and O -preventing O -intercellular O -contact O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -being O -detected O -by O -subsequent O -target O -cell O -lysis O -in O -10 O -% O -dextran B-Chemical -, O -the O -adhering O -cell O -clusters O -can O -be O -counted O -with O -low O -power O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -Dinitrophenyl O -( O -DNP O -) O -coupled O -to O -the O -copolymer O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -D O -- O -lysine O -( O -D O -- O -GL O -) O -induces O -B O -cell O -tolerance O -but O -not O -T O -cell O -tolerance O -. O - -aps B-category -Concanavalin O -A O -- O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -normal O -rat O -mast O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -( O -PS O -) O -con O -A O -induced O -a O -concentration O -and O -temperature O -- O -dependent O -, O -noncytotoxic O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -at O -con O -A O -concentrations O -ranging O -from O -0 O -. O -1 O -to O -100 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -PS O -alone O -, O -however O -, O -did O -not O -cause O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Upon O -removal O -of O -unbound O -con O -A O -and O -the O -addition O -of O -PS O -, O -normal O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -indicates O -several O -important O -advantages O -of O -the O -con O -A O -- O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -system O -is O -potentially O -very O -useful O -for O -investigation O -of O -metabolic O -events O -during O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Reactivity O -with O -Poly O -( O -A O -) O -- O -Poly O -) O -U O -) O -was O -not O -inhibited O -with O -uracil O -nor O -with O -adenosine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -immune O -response O -to O -the O -synthetic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -terpolymer O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -55 I-Chemical -L O -- O -lysine O -- O -33 O -L O -- O -tyrosine15 O -) O -n O -( O -GLT O -) O -was O -studied O -in O -normal O -human O -volunteers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -observed O -blood O -coagulation O -alterations O -were O -not O -caused O -by O -the O -manipulative O -procedures O -utilized O -, O -the O -presence O -of O -anti O -- O -BSA O -, O -IgG O -or O -IgM O -antibody O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -alterations O -in O -the O -vascular O -endothelium O -or O -the O -development O -of O -hypotensive O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -precipitin O -inhibition O -studies O -indicated O -that O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -is O -the O -immunodominant O -determinant O -of O -the O -acidic O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibodies O -with O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -specificity O -were O -isolated O -from O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Sepharose I-Chemical -immunoabsorbent O -columns O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -effects O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -administration O -or O -immunologic O -test O -responses O -were O -studied O -in O -female O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -large O -part O -of O -the O -increased O -morphine B-Chemical -binding O -by O -sera O -associated O -with O -administration O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -was O -found O -in O -serum O -fractions O -containing O -gamma O -- O -globulin O -and O -was O -absent O -in O -gamma O -- O -globulin O -- O -free O -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -also O -gave O -positive O -immunologic O -test O -reactions O -in O -passive O -hemagglutination O -and O -radial O -immunodiffusion O -tests O -involving O -serum O -albumins O -conjugated O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Failure O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -, O -a O -morphine B-Chemical -antagonist O -, O -to O -alter O -the O -serum O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -response O -suggested O -that O -serum O -levels O -of O -the O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -studied O -here O -were O -not O -direclty O -related O -to O -morphine B-Chemical -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -of O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBsAg B-Chemical -) O -by O -affinity O -chromatography O -on O -antibody O -- O -coated O -immunoadsorbents O -. O - -aps B-category -HBsAg B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -positive I-Chemical -serum O -was O -passed O -through O -a O -column O -packed O -with O -guinea O -pig O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HBsAg I-Chemical -antibodies O -covalently O -bound O -to O -CNBr O -- O -activated O -beaded O -agarose O -gel O -. O - -aps B-category -Elution O -of O -the O -specifically O -bound O -HBsAg B-Chemical -was O -carried O -out O -with O -3 O -M O -NaSCN O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -this O -treatment O -normal O -human O -serum O -proteins O -could O -no O -longer O -be O -demonstrated O -by O -passive O -hemagglutination O -in O -the O -isolated O -HBsAg B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Optimal O -conditions O -were O -sought O -for O -the O -radiolabeling O -of O -microgram O -quantities O -of O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -) O -employing O -the O -chloramine O -- O -T O -or O -lactoperoxidase O -iodination O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -Labeled O -HBsAg B-Chemical -having O -specific O -activities O -between O -10 O -- O -20 O -muCi O -/ O -mug O -were O -found O -to O -display O -the O -greatest O -degree O -of O -sensitivity O -for O -unlabeled O -HBsAg B-Chemical -and O -for O -anti O -- O -HBs O -using O -a O -double O -- O -antibody O -radioimmunoassay O -( O -RIA O -- O -DA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -equivalent O -specific O -activities O -, O -chloramine O -- O -T O -preparations O -competed O -less O -effectively O -for O -unlabeled O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -than O -lactoperoxidase O -preparations O -, O -and O -anti O -- O -HBs O -endpoint O -titers O -were O -slightly O -reduced O -, O -especially O -among O -preparations O -of O -high O -specific O -activity O -( O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -65 O -muCi O -/ O -mug O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -15 O -- O -- O -30 O -muCi O -/ O -mug O -) O -showed O -essentially O -no O -antigenic O -deterioration O -over O -a O -2 O -- O -month O -period O -at O -minus O -196 O -degrees O -C O -or O -minus O -70 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Utilization O -of O -optimally O -labeled O -1251 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HBs I-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -has O -increased O -the O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -RIA O -- O -DA O -for O -unlabeled O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -30 O -- O -fold O -to O -a O -level O -below O -1 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -and O -enhanced O -antiamine O -- O -T O -method O -revealed O -that O -only O -the O -most O -acidic O -population O -was O -labeled O -( O -pH O -3 O -. O -75 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -5 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -indicated O -that O -the O -chloramine O -- O -T O -method O -did O -not O -radically O -change O -the O -relative O -number O -or O -charge O -of O -each O -of O -the O -pI O -populations O -present O -in O -purified O -preparations O -of O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -solubility O -of O -KH O -varied O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -molarity O -of O -the O -salt B-Chemical -solution O -used O -for O -extraction O -. O - -aps B-category -Amino O -acid O -analyses O -showed O -that O -the O -macroaggregates O -and O -the O -various O -fractionated O -polymers O -were O -similar O -and O -that O -the O -protein O -ahd O -116 O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -by O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analyses O -was O -16 O -, O -150 O -after O -correction O -for O -the O -8 O -% O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -which O -appears O -to O -be O -complexed O -to O -the O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -highly O -rich O -in O -hydroxylysine O -, O -3 O -- O -and O -4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyproline I-Chemical -and O -contains O -4 O -to O -8 O -residues O -of O -half O -- O -cystine O -. O - -aps B-category -Keratohyalin O -extracts O -from O -newborn O -rat O -epidermis O -were O -prepared O -by O -potassium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -detergent I-Chemical -extraction O -procedures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -band O -of O -the O -potassium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -extract O -has O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -48 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -bands O -of O -the O -citric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -extracted I-Chemical -keratohyalin O -sample O -also O -have O -the O -same O -mobility O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -5alpha O -- O -dihydrotestosterone O -on O -the O -morphology O -, O -DNA O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -of O -14 O -cases O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -differentiation O -of O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -surface O -of O -the O -epithelial O -cells O -in O -areas O -of O -uterus O -distant O -from O -a O -blastocyst O -( O -2nd O -stage O -of O -closure O -) O -, O -which O -normally O -accompanies O -implantation O -, O -and O -can O -be O -induced O -by O -oestradiol O -in O -progesterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -animals O -, O -is O -not O -seen O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Testosterone B-Chemical -, O -dihydrotestosterone O -, O -zinc B-Chemical -and O -cadmium O -in O -prostatic O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -accumulations O -of O -microfilaments O -in O -the O -apical O -constrictions O -, O -which O -form O -in O -ectoderm O -cells O -of O -Triturus O -early O -gastrulae O -when O -dissociated O -in O -a O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -medium O -, O -suggest O -that O -they O -are O -contractile O -elements O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -number O -of O -model O -mechanisms O -for O -plasticization O -may O -be O -proposed O -, O -which O -suppose O -that O -the O -epidermis O -is O -capable O -of O -regulating O -( O -a O -) O -pH O -, O -( O -b O -) O -ionic O -strength O -, O -( O -c O -) O -Ca O -and O -/ O -or O -Mg O -, O -( O -d O -) O -urea B-Chemical -, O -within O -the O -cuticle O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenotypes O -of O -isolates O -of O -Mycobacterium O -tuberculosis O -H37RV O -showing O -resistance O -to O -the O -aminoglucoside O -antibiotics O -streptomycin B-Chemical -, O -viomycin O -, O -kanamycin B-Chemical -, O -capreomycin O -, O -tuberactinomycin O -N O -, O -lividomycin O -and O -paromomycin O -could O -be O -grouped O -into O -the O -following O -types O -: O -( O -I O -) O -resistant O -only O -to O -different O -levels O -of O -streptomycins O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -resistant O -only O -to O -a O -low O -level O -of O -kanamycin B-Chemical -; O -( O -3 O -) O -triply O -resistant O -, O -to O -low O -levels O -of O -viomycin O -, O -tuberactinomycin O -N O -and O -capreomycin O -; O -( O -4 O -) O -triply O -resistant O -, O -to O -a O -low O -level O -of O -kanamycin B-Chemical -and O -high O -levels O -of O -lividomycin O -and O -paromomycin O -; O -( O -5 O -) O -quadruply O -resistant O -, O -to O -a O -low O -level O -of O -capreomycin O -and O -high O -levels O -of O -kanamycin B-Chemical -, O -lividomycin O -and O -paromomycin O -; O -( O -6 O -) O -hextuply O -resistant O -, O -to O -high O -levels O -of O -viomycin O -, O -tuberactinomycin O -N O -, O -capreomycin O -, O -kanamycin B-Chemical -, O -lividomycin O -, O -and O -paromomycin O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -cross O -- O -resistance O -relationship O -between O -streptomycin B-Chemical -and O -other O -antibiotics O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -gave O -a O -reaction O -of O -identity O -with O -membrane O -glycerol O -lipoteichoic O -acid O -and O -glycerol O -teichoic O -acid O -preparations O -from O -lactobacilli O -, O -and O -with O -phenol B-Chemical -extracts O -of O -other O -Gram O -- O -positive O -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molar O -ratio O -of O -phosphorus B-Chemical -to O -magnesium B-Chemical -( O -1 O -to O -17 O -) O -was O -close O -to O -the O -proportions O -in O -magnesium B-Chemical -tripolyphosphate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -location O -of O -the O -glucosylated O -teichoic O -acid O -in O -whole O -cells O -and O -isolated O -walls O -of O -Streptococcus O -faecalis O -8191 O -has O -been O -investigated O -using O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -, O -gold B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labelled I-Chemical -concanavalin O -A O -and O -concanavalin O -A O -- O -peroxidase O -- O -diaminobenzidine O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -these O -regions O -were O -not O -labelled O -on O -exposure O -to O -gold B-Chemical -concanavalin O -A O -or O -concanavalin O -A O -- O -peroxidase O -- O -diaminobenzidine O -; O -these O -stains O -indicated O -that O -teichoic O -acid O -was O -situated O -between O -the O -dense O -laminae O -, O -although O -the O -distribution O -of O -stain O -could O -have O -been O -due O -to O -the O -inability O -of O -the O -concanavalin O -A O -stains O -to O -penetrate O -deeply O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -experiments O -therefore O -suggest O -that O -teichoic O -acid O -may O -not O -be O -intimately O -associated O -with O -the O -mechanisms O -that O -generate O -contrast B-Chemical -patterns O -in O -stained O -sections O -of O -cell O -walls O -of O -Streptococcus O -faecalis O -. O - -aps B-category -Adenyl O -cyclase O -( O -AC O -) O -and O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -( O -PDE O -) O -have O -been O -studied O -in O -muscle O -from O -patients O -affected O -with O -muscular O -and O -neuromuscular O -diseases O -as O -well O -as O -in O -muscle O -of O -rats O -after O -experimental O -denervation O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Long O -- O -term O -treatment O -with O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -in O -a O -case O -of O -torsion O -dystonia O -( O -authors O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -improvement O -has O -continued O -with O -a O -daily O -maintenance O -dose O -of O -1 O -. O -25 O -g O -. O -For O -patients O -with O -torsion O -dystonia O -, O -where O -the O -so O -- O -called O -myostatic O -component O -preponderates O -, O -cautious O -application O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -seems O -to O -be O -justified O -and O -further O -clinical O -studies O -are O -suggested O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -investigating O -the O -specific O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -with O -various O -molecular O -species O -of O -phosphatidylcholine O -and O -- O -ethanolamine O -, O -labelled O -at O -the O -1 O -position O -with O -different O -radioactive O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -we O -found O -that O -the O -phospholipase O -A1 O -preferentially O -removed O -those O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -from O -the O -1 O -position O -of O -phosphatidylcholines O -that O -have O -the O -fewest O -double O -bonds O -, O -while O -oleic O -and O -linoleic O -acid O -were O -released O -at O -almost O -similar O -rates O -from O -phosphatidylethanolamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -and O -mechanisms O -of O -degradation O -of O -the O -antileukemic O -agent O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -in O -aqueous O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -apparent O -first O -- O -order O -rate O -constants O -associated O -with O -formation O -of O -5 O -- O -azacytosine O -and O -5 O -- O -azauracil O -from O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -Within O -80 O -min O -, O -6 O -times O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -solutions O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -decreased O -to O -90 O -% O -of O -original O -potency O -based O -on O -assumptions O -related O -to O -the O -proposed O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -metabolites O -released O -by O -either O -acidification O -or O -enzymatic O -hydrolysis O -were O -chromatographed O -in O -n O -- O -butanol O -- O -3 O -M O -ammonia B-Chemical -, O -artifacts O -were O -produced O -, O -presumably O -as O -a O -result O -of O -decomposition O -of O -7 O -- O -hydroxydicumarol O -. O - -aps B-category -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Chloro I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -9 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -2 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxyacridine I-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -a O -metabolite O -of O -both O -quinacrine O -and O -the O -antimalarial O -alkylating O -agent O -quinacrine O -mustard O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rats O -, O -chronic O -ganglionic O -blockade O -induced O -by O -repeated O -doses O -of O -chlorisodamine O -rapidly O -and O -profoundly O -lowered O -plasma O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -, O -but O -plasma O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -( O -DBH O -) O -activity O -, O -even O -after O -5 O -days O -treatment O -, O -was O -not O -significantly O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -reserpine B-Chemical -treatment O -( O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -on O -alternate O -days O -) O -increased O -plasma O -DBH O -after O -2 O -and O -5 O -days O -, O -whereas O -vinblastine O -( O -3 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -caused O -a O -progressive O -fall O -in O -enzyme O -activity O -in O -plasma O -over O -the O -same O -time O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Granulomas O -were O -induced O -in O -rats O -by O -subcutaneous O -implantation O -of O -formalin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -soaked I-Chemical -filter O -- O -paper O -disks O -. O - -aps B-category -Histological O -observations O -of O -granulation O -tissue O -indicated O -that O -histamine B-Chemical -inhibited O -the O -proliferation O -of O -fibroblasts O -and O -the O -formation O -of O -capillaries O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -histamine B-Chemical -effects O -seem O -not O -to O -be O -mediated O -by O -glucocorticoid O -release O -, O -since O -an O -effective O -dose O -level O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -produced O -no O -change O -in O -growth O -or O -thymus O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -Subcutaneous O -injection O -of O -the O -H2 O -- O -receptor O -antagonist O -, O -burimamide O -, O -blocked O -these O -histamine B-Chemical -effects O -and O -also O -of O -sinomeinine O -and O -aminoguanidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -granulation O -- O -tissue O -growth O -in O -inflammation O -is O -affected O -by O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -endogenous O -histamine B-Chemical -acting O -through O -H2 O -- O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -studies O -had O -shown O -that O -cromolyn O -sodium B-Chemical -would O -inhibit O -anaphylactic O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -rat O -peritoneal O -mast O -cells O -in O -vitro O -( O -J O -. O -Pharmacol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -measured O -fluorometrically O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -cromolyn O -sodium B-Chemical -necessary O -to O -obtain O -50 O -% O -inhibition O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -increased O -from O -6 O -muM O -in O -0 O -% O -D2O O -, O -to O -80 O -muM O -in O -10 O -% O -D2O O -and O -to O -greater O -than O -500 O -muM O -in O -25 O -% O -D2O O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -suggests O -that O -the O -interaction O -between O -D2O O -, O -cromolyn O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -processes O -of O -mast O -cells O -is O -not O -a O -simple O -one O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -increase O -in O -frequency O -is O -observed O -also O -in O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -media O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -latter O -effect O -of O -Ruthenium B-Chemical -red I-Chemical -is O -antagonized O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Growth O -inhibition O -of O -Crithidia O -fasciculata O -by O -4 O -- O -nitroquinoline O -1 O -- O -oxide O -( O -NQO O -) O -was O -observed O -in O -defined O -and O -complex O -media O -at O -28 O -C O -. O -Aromatic O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -cystein O -, O -and O -nicotinic O -acid O -, O -among O -several O -other O -substances O -, O -were O -ineffective O -in O -overcoming O -NQO O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -yet O -, O -the O -efficiency O -of O -the O -current O -diagnostic O -procedures O -for O -detecting O -the O -lesions O -dues O -to O -bleomycin B-Chemical -injections O -is O -not O -clearly O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -procedures O -were O -used O -repeatedly O -on O -rabbits O -, O -before O -, O -during O -and O -after O -the O -bleomycin B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -oestrogen B-Chemical -administered O -during O -the O -progestational O -phase O -of O -the O -cycle O -on O -transport O -of O -spermatozoa O -in O -ewes O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -an O -interaction O -between O -progestagen B-Chemical -and O -oestrogen B-Chemical -influence O -before O -mating O -on O -the O -pattern O -of O -sperm O -transport O -through O -the O -cervix O -. O - -aps B-category -SLE O -and O -chronic O -active O -liver O -disease O -sera O -showed O -marked O -heterogeneity O -, O -producing O -precipitin O -lines O -with O -nucleosides B-Chemical -or O -nucleotides O -, O -or O -both O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -sera O -from O -patients O -with O -PSS O -showed O -precipitins O -with O -RNA O -, O -uridine B-Chemical -and O -UMP O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -presence O -was O -confirmed O -by O -reactivity O -with O -thymidine B-Chemical -and O -TMP O -. O - -aps B-category -Alkyating O -agents O -have O -a O -limited O -role O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -lupus O -nephropathy O -and O -cutaneous O -vasculitis O -but O -azathioprine B-Chemical -is O -probably O -of O -no O -value O -in O -SLE O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -ultrastructural O -and O -cytochemical O -study O -of O -the O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -secretory O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -particular O -regimen O -has O -been O -examined O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -hormonal O -effects O -of O -endocrine O -ablation O -, O -and O -to O -the O -dosage O -and O -type O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -therapy O -used O -in O -59 O -men O -with O -prostatic O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -confirmed O -that O -gonadotropin O -levels O -remained O -in O -the O -normal O -range O -in O -patients O -whose O -testosterone B-Chemical -levels O -were O -suppressed O -with O -chlorotrianisene O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -tests O -with O -various O -sugars O -showed O -that O -the O -serologically O -active O -sugars O -were O -galactose B-Chemical -for O -antigen O -f O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -for O -antigen O -6 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -scholastic O -achievement O -of O -many O -of O -these O -patients O -is O -strong O -evidence O -that O -low O -oxygen B-Chemical -saturation O -of O -arterial O -blood O -is O -not O -a O -prime O -cause O -of O -mental O -retardation O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Oscillopolarographic O -determination O -of O -copper B-Chemical -, O -lead B-Chemical -and O -zinc B-Chemical -in O -blood O -with O -preliminary O -accumulation O -on O -a O -stationary O -mercury O -electrode O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Use O -of O -18 O -- O -tungsten O -, O -molybdo O -- O -2 O -- O -phosphates O -of O -ammonium B-Chemical -for O -determination O -of O -protein O -by O -Lauri O -' O -s O -method O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -mechanism O -of O -this O -effect O -is O -discussed O -; O -it O -is O -our O -hypothesis O -that O -it O -involves O -proton O -interactions O -with O -plasma O -membrane O -components O -which O -either O -affect O -available O -membrane O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -or O -otherwise O -stabilize O -the O -cell O -membrane O -against O -loss O -of O -semipermeable O -characteristics O -and O -cellular O -lysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Young O -cultures O -of O -fetal O -mouse O -spinal O -cord O -were O -exposed O -to O -nutrient O -medium O -containingAY9944 O -[ O -trans O -- O -1 O -, O -4 O -- O -bis O -( O -2 O -- O -chlorobenzylaminomethyl O -) O -cyclohexane O -dihydrochloride O -] O -, O -apotent O -cholesterol B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -inhibitor O -, O -and O -their O -reactions O -were O -studied O -by O -light O -and O -electron O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -of O -PHA O -which O -was O -initially O -bound O -to O -spleen O -cells O -in O -serum O -- O -free O -medium O -appeared O -to O -be O -insufficient O -for O -a O -subsequent O -full O -stimulation O -of O -blastogenesis O -( O -[ O -3 O -- O -H O -] O -thymidine B-Chemical -incorporation O -) O -in O -either O -young O -or O -old O -mouse O -spleen O -cells O -; O -when O -washed O -free O -of O -unbound O -extracellular O -PHA O -and O -upon O -clutivation O -in O -serum O -- O -containing O -culture O -medium O -, O -spleen O -cells O -rapidly O -released O -more O -than O -90 O -% O -of O -the O -bound O -PHA O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -male O -and O -female O -mice O -with O -oestrogen B-Chemical -significantly O -enhanced O -the O -growth O -of O -" O -pyelonephritic O -" O -strains O -in O -the O -kidney O -, O -but O -had O -no O -effect O -of O -any O -kind O -on O -the O -growth O -of O -" O -gastroenteritis O -" O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -those O -strains O -that O -have O -a O -natural O -predilection O -for O -growth O -in O -the O -kidney O -are O -likely O -to O -be O -influenced O -by O -oestrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Reserpine B-Chemical -use O -was O -examined O -for O -yearly O -use O -by O -each O -year O -preceding O -the O -diagnosis O -of O -breast O -cancer O -, O -by O -cumulative O -yearly O -use O -, O -and O -by O -other O -defined O -time O -periods O -. O - -aps B-category -Over O -half O -of O -the O -women O -used O -reserpine B-Chemical -at O -some O -time O -during O -their O -hospital O -stay O -. O - -aps B-category -to O -1 O -, O -25 O -- O -dihydroxycholecalciferol O -than O -a O -low O -dietary O -intake O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -24 O -% O -of O -a O -healthy O -control O -population O -had O -antibody O -to O -hepatitis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBsAb O -) O -detectable O -by O -passive O -haemagglutination O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -close O -relationship O -was O -found O -between O -the O -presence O -of O -HBsAb O -and O -liver O -dysfunction O -in O -carriers O -of O -HBsAg B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -sensitivity O -of O -platelets O -to O -adrenaline B-Chemical -in O -human O -myotonic O -dystrophy O -. O - -aps B-category -and O -collagen O -but O -were O -unusually O -sensitive O -to O -adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -aggregation O -being O -detectable O -with O -adrenaline B-Chemical -concentrations O -as O -low O -as O -0 O -. O -041 O -mumol O -per O -litre O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alcohol I-Chemical -and O -serum O -osmolality O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -estrone O -, O -prolactin O -, O -neurophysin O -, O -and O -sex O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -in O -chronic O -alcoholic O -men O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -concentrations O -of O -each O -of O -these O -parameters O -were O -at O -least O -two O -- O -fold O -elevated O -( O -p O -smaller O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -when O -compared O -to O -values O -obtained O -for O -the O -same O -steroid B-Chemical -or O -protein O -in O -plasma O -obtained O -from O -normal O -men O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Binding O -of O -25 O -- O -hydroxy O -vitamin B-Chemical -D2 I-Chemical -to O -plasma O -protein O -in O -New O -World O -monkeys O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunological O -specificity O -of O -antibodies O -to O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -their O -effect O -on O -the O -electroencephalographic O -activity O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Data O -are O -presented O -which O -indicate O -the O -feasibility O -of O -protein O -fractionation O -at O -high O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -( O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -3 O -M O -NaLl O -) O -through O -differential O -hydrophobic O -( O -non O -- O -ionic O -) O -adsorption O -on O -a O -series O -of O -columns O -of O -agaroses O -substituted O -with O -ligands O -of O -increasing O -hydrophobicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -advantages O -of O -this O -interferon B-Chemical -bioassay O -are O -its O -sensitivity O -, O -reproducibility O -, O -rapidity O -, O -and O -convenience O -. O - -aps B-category -Purified O -nucleolar O -DNA O -was O -markedly O -degraded O -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -13 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -by O -bleomycin B-Chemical -A2 O -; O -bleomycin B-Chemical -concentrations O -20 O -- O -30 O -times O -greater O -were O -required O -to O -degrade O -nucleoplasmic O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -the O -various O -types O -of O -DNA O -with O -high O -concentrations O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -A2 O -produced O -low O -molecular O -weight O -( O -approximately O -6S O -) O -fragments O -that O -were O -no O -longer O -sensitive O -to O -degradation O -by O -bleomycin B-Chemical -A2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -RNA O -synthesis O -in O -Novikoff O -hepatoma O -ascites O -cells O -in O -vitro O -showed O -there O -was O -a O -decreased O -uptake O -of O -32Pi O -into O -high O -molecular O -weight O -nuclear O -RNA O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -A2 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -adult O -denervated O -glands O -secreted O -at O -lower O -rates O -than O -the O -innervated O -and O -their O -atropine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -secretory O -flow O -was O -reduced O -to O -as O -low O -as O -one O -fifth O -of O -that O -of O -the O -innervated O -glands O -. O - -aps B-category -Acinar O -cells O -in O -denervated O -glands O -had O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -Schiff O -staining O -material O -but O -the O -staining O -reaction O -to O -pyronin O -- O -methyl O -green O -was O -similar O -in O -the O -innervated O -and O -denervated O -. O - -aps B-category -Inability O -of O -Ni O -+ O -+ O -and O -Co O -+ O -+ O -to O -release O -histamine B-Chemical -from O -rat O -peritoneal O -mast O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -pretreated O -with O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -or O -methylcholanthrene O -demonstrated O -a O -decrease O -in O -membrane O -bound O -sialyltransferase O -( O -s O -) O -activity O -of O -27 O -% O -and O -18 O -% O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Carcinoid O -syndrome O -was O -observed O -in O -only O -two O -patients O -, O -both O -of O -whom O -had O -liver O -metastases O -and O -elevated O -urinary O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HIAA I-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -reversible O -hepatocellular O -damage O -was O -shown O -by O -elevated O -levels O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -which O -returned O -to O -normal O -within O -48 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -bleomycin B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -on O -wound O -strength O -at O -days O -3 O -or O -21 O -but O -prevented O -an O -increase O -in O -wound O -strength O -from O -day O -3 O -to O -day O -7 O -; O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -bis O -( O -2 O -- O -choroethyl O -) O -- O -1 O -- O -nitrosurea O -( O -BCNU B-Chemical -) O -decreased O -wound O -strength O -at O -all O -time O -points O -after O -operation O -, O -whereas O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Fluorouracil I-Chemical -had O -no O -significant O -effect O -at O -any O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -times O -10 O -( O -5 O -) O -lymphocytes O -in O -a O -small O -volume O -( O -15 O -mul O -) O -with O -a O -low O -DMSO B-Chemical -concentration O -( O -5 O -% O -) O -were O -directly O -frozen O -in O -a O -- O -- O -70 O -degrees O -C O -freezer O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -in O -the O -case O -of O -rat O -and O -mouse O -embryos O -there O -are O -two O -proteins O -, O -namely O -albumin O -and O -alpha O -- O -fetoprotein O -, O -which O -afford O -major O -and O -quantatively O -similar O -contributions O -to O -the O -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cells O -were O -double O -- O -stained O -with O -fluorescein B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labelled I-Chemical -conjugates O -to O -demonstrate O -the O -reaction O -of O -anti O -- O -HL O -- O -A O -and O -anti O -- O -beta O -- O -2 O -- O -microglobulin O -with O -the O -respective O -cell O -membrane O -components O -. O - -aps B-category -Beginning O -600 O -days O -after O -irradiation O -, O -mice O -from O -experimental O -and O -control O -groups O -were O -killed O -and O -their O -spleens O -were O -cultured O -with O -thymus O -- O -dependent O -antigens O -and O -the O -mitogens O -concanavalin O -A O -and O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -, O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -means O -of O -the O -ammoniacal O -silver B-Chemical -reaction O -, O -cytochemical O -properties O -of O -the O -chromatin O -in O -white O -rat O -lymph O -node O -lymphocytes O -were O -investigated O -at O -different O -stages O -of O -their O -maturation O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -may O -be O -assumed O -that O -corpora O -amylacea O -of O -the O -brain O -are O -caused O -by O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -requirement O -of O -the O -brain O -being O -reduced O -, O -while O -the O -supply O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -for O -the O -brain O -is O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Does O -lead B-Chemical -contribute O -to O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -spine O -disease O -? O - -aps B-category -Present O -levels O -of O -environmentall O -lead B-Chemical -produce O -a O -measurable O -biochemical O -alteration O -in O -the O -population O -of O -industrialized O -countries O -( O -inhibition O -of O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -enzyme O -ALAD O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Epidemiological O -and O -biochemical O -evidence O -for O -an O -influence O -of O -lead B-Chemical -on O -the O -vertebral O -column O -and O -its O -diseases O -are O -brought O -forward O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Vital O -fluorochromasia O -of O -mikroorganisms O -using O -fluorescein B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' O -, O -6 O -' O -- O -diacetate O -( O -FDA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -a O -model O -of O -experimental O -pneumonia O -in O -mice O -caused O -by O -the O -L O -- O -forms O -of O -bacteria O -against O -the O -background O -of O -diminished O -immunity O -a O -study O -was O -made O -of O -the O -therapeutic O -efficacy O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -, O -lincomycin O -, O -lysozyme O -and O -gamma O -- O -globulin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -using O -the O -method O -of O -gel O -- O -filtration O -of O -sefadex O -G O -- O -100 O -the O -greatest O -serological O -, O -immunogenic O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitizing I-Chemical -activity O -was O -possessed O -by O -the O -high O -- O -molecular O -fraction O -containing O -8 O -of O -11 O -antigenic O -components O -detected O -in O -the O -initial O -extract O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -of O -preparative O -electrophoresis O -from O -the O -pertussis O -microbes O -extract O -was O -applied O -and O -two O -fractions O -were O -isolated O -from O -the O -anode O -and O -the O -cathode O -zones O -, O -each O -containing O -4 O -antigenic O -components O -only O -, O -but O -possessing O -serological O -and O -immunogenic O -activity O -and O -having O -no O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitizing I-Chemical -properties O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -comparative O -pattern O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -( O -3H O -- O -T O -) O -pulse O -labelling O -in O -lesions O -of O -psoriatic O -erythroderma O -( O -3 O -cases O -) O -and O -of O -psoriasis O -vulgaris O -( O -20 O -cases O -) O -has O -been O -studied O -by O -means O -of O -radioautography O -. O - -aps B-category -were O -examined O -for O -cryofibrinogen O -as O -heparin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -precipitable I-Chemical -fraction O -( O -HPF O -) O -, O -for O -total O -fibrinogen O -in O -plasma O -and O -by O -immuno O -- O -fluorescence O -( O -IF O -) O -technique O -for O -FR O -- O -antigen O -in O -tissue O -sections O -of O -affected O -and O -unaffected O -skin O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -B12 O -was O -too O -low O -in O -5 O -/ O -28 O -patients O -whereas O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -serum O -and O -whole O -blood O -was O -too O -low O -in O -14 O -/ O -29 O -and O -5 O -/ O -19 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Growth O -hormone O -conjugated O -to O -Sepharose O -- O -4 O -B O -was O -found O -to O -mimic O -the O -action O -of O -the O -free O -hormone O -in O -the O -stimulation O -of O -the O -uptake O -and O -incorporation O -of O -radioactive O -uridine B-Chemical -into O -RNA O -in O -thymocytes O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -were O -undertaken O -to O -determine O -if O -animals O -exposed O -to O -benzylpenicillin B-Chemical -could O -produce O -anaphylactic O -antibodies O -to O -the O -drug O -moiety O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -rat O -mast O -cells O -under O -the O -appropriate O -conditions O -was O -used O -as O -an O -indicator O -of O -antibody O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -sera O -from O -all O -groups O -of O -animals O -contained O -anaphylactic O -antibodies O -with O -specificity O -towards O -the O -penicilloyl O -group O -and O -" O -benzylpenicillin B-Chemical -" O -. O - -aps B-category -Histological O -studies O -at O -sacrifice O -failed O -to O -detect O -signs O -of O -hepatotoxicity O -, O -but O -biochemical O -studies O -indicated O -that O -at O -least O -red O -wine O -and O -whisky O -produced O -more O -undesirable O -effects O -on O -the O -liver O -than O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -virus O -specified O -determinant O -of O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fifth O -SH O -group O -is O -protected O -by O -camphor O -while O -the O -6th O -SH O -group O -, O -still O -present O -in O -the O -BrCN O -heme O -- O -peptide O -, O -is O -implicated O -in O -chelation O -to O -the O -heme O -iron B-Chemical -by O -a O -drastic O -change O -in O -EPR O -spectra O -, O -reflecting O -pure O -axial O -symmetry O -at O -the O -heme O -after O -complete O -alkylation O -by O -NEM O -. O - -aps B-category -Anaphylactic O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -mast O -cells O -isolated O -from O -actively O -sensitized O -rats O -was O -inhibited O -by O -pre O -- O -incubation O -with O -micromolar O -concentrations O -of O -ATP O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -release O -induced O -by O -compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -was O -similarly O -affected O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -calf O -serum O -for O -cell O -cultures O -in O -virus O -and O -interferon B-Chemical -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -PEG O -was O -found O -to O -slow O -down O -the O -growth O -of O -L O -cells O -and O -to O -enhance O -the O -production O -and O -activity O -of O -mouse O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Antiserum O -to O -chick O -skeletal O -muscle O -tropomyosin O -was O -used O -to O -localize O -tropomyosin O -in O -mouse O -embryo O -fibroblasts O -by O -the O -indirect O -fluorescein B-Chemical -labeled O -antibody O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -hundred O -and O -ninety O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -positive O -( O -HBsAG B-Chemical -+ O -) O -sera O -were O -subtyped O -, O -belonging O -to O -: O -blood O -donors O -, O -hepatitis O -patients O -, O -patients O -and O -staff O -in O -a O -hemodialysis O -unit O -, O -all O -from O -Kuala O -Lumpur O -; O -Malaysian O -aborigines O -from O -three O -jungle O -locations O -in O -Peninsular O -Malaysia O -; O -and O -East O -Malaysians O -from O -Sarawak O -, O -East O -Malaysia O -; O -Three O -subtypes O -adr O -, O -adw O -and O -ayw O -were O -present O -in O -Malaysia O -in O -the O -following O -frequencies O -: O -44 O -% O -, O -29 O -% O -, O -and O -27 O -% O -, O -respectively O -; O -In O -Kuala O -Lumpur O -87 O -% O -had O -subdeterminant O -d O -and O -13 O -per O -cent O -y O -, O -whereas O -in O -the O -deep O -jungle O -aborigines O -of O -Perak O -and O -Pahang O -, O -the O -y O -subdeterminant O -was O -present O -in O -87 O -% O -and O -the O -d O -in O -13 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Longitudunal O -and O -cross O -- O -dectional O -blood O -coagulation O -studies O -were O -made O -in O -patients O -receiving O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -therapy O -and O -in O -unmedicated O -women O -used O -as O -control O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -cross O -- O -sectional O -study O -( O -193 O -women O -and O -1 O -, O -350 O -samples O -) O -, O -serial O -examination O -was O -preformed O -on O -those O -taking O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -for O -3 O -months O -to O -10 O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -users O -developed O -mainlyclinically O -silent O -thrombotic O -lesions O -, O -with O -four O -- O -to O -- O -fivefold O -greater O -frequency O -than O -the O -control O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Conditions O -that O -caused O -release O -during O -ADP O -- O -inducedaggregation O -were B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -as O -the O -anticoagulant O -in O -platelet O -- O -rich O -plasma O -; O -addition O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -( O -11 O -- O -15 O -mM O -) O -to O -a O -suspension O -of O -washed O -platelets O -, O -or O -to O -hirudin O -- O -plasma O -or O -heparin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -plasma I-Chemical -; O -suspension O -of O -platelets O -in O -a O -medium O -containing O -magnesium B-Chemical -but O -no O -calcium B-Chemical -; O -and O -the O -presence O -of O -trace O -amounts O -of O -thrombin O -or O -aggregated O -gamma O -globulin O -in O -the O -platelet O -suspensions O -. O - -aps B-category -Heparin B-Chemical -or O -hirudin O -inhibited O -ADP O -- O -INDUCED O -SECONDARY O -AGGREGATION O -AND O -RELEASE O -PROMOTED O -BY O -TRACES O -OF O -THROMBIN O -. O - -aps B-category -Suspending O -washed O -human O -platelets O -in O -a O -medium O -without O -calcium B-Chemical -mimics O -the O -effect O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Frog O -retinae O -, O -fixed O -only O -in O -buffered O -glutaraldehyde O -, O -were O -embedded O -for O -sectioning O -in O -glutaraldehyde O -polymerized O -with O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Exposure O -to O -KMnO4 O -solution O -, O -used O -as O -an O -oxidative O -section O -stain O -, O -also O -outlined O -globular O -substructure O -in O -negative O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -but O -with O -the O -additional O -feature O -that O -positively O -stained O -surface O -" O -leaflets O -" O -associated O -with O -the O -aqueous O -compartment O -were O -well O -defined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -white O -and O -gray O -matter O -of O -dorsolateral O -region O -in O -the O -upper O -lumbar O -levels O -of O -the O -spinal O -cord O -were O -examined O -by O -electron O -microscopy O -after O -fixation O -by O -aldehyde B-Chemical -perfusion O -and O -commonly O -used O -methods O -of O -embedding O -, O -sectioning O -and O -staining O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -procedure O -for O -differential O -staining O -of O -decalcified O -bone O -with O -silver B-Chemical -nitrate B-Chemical -showed O -major O -histological O -features O -which O -appeared O -to O -correspond O -closely O -to O -microradiographic O -images O -. O - -aps B-category -Antiarrhythmic O -effects O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -during O -coronary O -artery O -occlusion O -in O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -ventricualr O -ectopic O -activity O -was O -greatest O -during O -the O -interval O -of O -10 O -to O -48 O -hours O -after O -ligation O -, O -the O -antiarrhythmic O -activity O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -was O -recorded O -during O -this O -38 O -- O -hour O -interval O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -diazepam B-Chemical -is O -effective O -in O -reducing O -the O -frequency O -of O -ventricular O -ectopic O -activity O -after O -occlusion O -of O -major O -branches O -of O -coronary O -arteries O -, O -that O -diazepam B-Chemical -works O -independent O -of O -alterations O -in O -systemic O -arterial O -blood O -pressure O -, O -and O -that O -orally O -administered O -diazepam B-Chemical -prolongs O -antiarrhythmic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Branched O -- O -chain O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -substitutions O -in O -the O -biosynthesis O -of O -the O -antibiotic O -actinomycin O -. O - -aps B-category -Silybine O -antagonizes O -cutaneous O -oedemas O -and O -suppresses O -the O -fall O -of O -blood O -pressure O -induced O -by O -dextran B-Chemical -polymers O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -morphine B-Chemical -, O -hydromorphone B-Chemical -, O -methadone B-Chemical -, O -mescaline O -, O -trypan B-Chemical -blue I-Chemical -, O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -salicylate I-Chemical -, O -and O -caffeine B-Chemical -on O -the O -serum O -interferon B-Chemical -level O -in O -response O -to O -viral O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -Sodium B-Chemical -salicylate B-Chemical -, O -and O -caffeine B-Chemical -increased O -the O -serum O -level O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -; O -however O -, O -the O -interferon B-Chemical -increase O -produced O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -salicylate I-Chemical -was O -dose O -- O -dependent O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -other O -compounds O -decreased O -the O -circulating O -level O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -of O -these O -" O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -interferon I-Chemical -" O -compounds O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -test O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -liver O -function O -is O -different O -in O -populations O -with O -inherited O -susceptibility O -to O -persistent O -Australia O -antigen O -( O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -[ O -HBsAg B-Chemical -] O -) O -, O -Sardinians O -living O -in O -Turin O -, O -Italy O -, O -were O -compared O -with O -their O -native O -Turinese O -neighbors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -levels O -of O -alpha2 O -- O -globulin O -by O -electrophoresis O -correlated O -with O -the O -presence O -of O -HBsAg B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Stimulation O -of O -the O -paravascular O -carotid O -receptors O -by O -bradykinin B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Bradykinin B-Chemical -and O -PGE O -sensitize O -each O -other O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -stimulation O -of O -paravascular O -nociceptive O -receptors O -is O -wholly O -responsible O -for O -the O -reactions O -by O -intracarotid O -injection O -of O -bradykinin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -hypothalamic O -reactions O -occurred O -after O -bilateral O -cervical O -vagotomy O -or O -after O -atropine B-Chemical -, O -2 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -Aequorin O -and O -intracellular O -calcium B-Chemical -movements O -in O -skeletal O -muscle O -fibres O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Influence O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -and O -acetate O -on O -the O -velocity O -of O -conduction O -in O -rabbit O -atria O -, O -depressed O -by O -metabolic O -acidosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Effect O -of O -dantrolene B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -on O -skeletal O -muscle O -contractions O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Solubilization O -of O -the O -nucleoside B-Chemical -triphosphate O -phosphoydrolase O -of O -the O -unfertilized O -hen O -' O -s O -ovovitelline O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Investigation O -on O -the O -acute O -toxic O -effect O -of O -pyrethrum O -on O -the O -blood O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -administration O -on O -the O -acute O -pyrethrum O -toxicity O -in O -Meriones O -hurrianae O -Jerdon O -( O -Rodentia O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Pyrethrum O -produces O -hyperglycemia O -and O -lowers O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -indicating O -an O -impairment O -in O -the O -uptake O -and O -utilization O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -( O -4 O -) O -In O -high O -calcium B-Chemical -concentration O -the O -inotropic O -effect O -is O -always O -negative O -and O -does O -not O -depend O -on O -frequency O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentrations O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -and O -FFA O -were O -determined O -, O -and O -substrate O -utilization O -was O -calculated O -from O -these O -values O -and O -coronary O -blood O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -relative O -amount O -of O -the O -energy O -produced O -from O -glucose B-Chemical -utilization O -was O -minimal O -during O -hypoxia O -and O -most O -glucose B-Chemical -underwent O -glycolysis O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -view O -of O -these O -results O -, O -we O -have O -compared O -the O -free O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -contents O -of O -varicose O -veins O -with O -those O -of O -healthy O -veins O -removed O -few O -hours O -after O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -Controls O -have O -shown O -that O -this O -discrepancy O -can O -be O -ascribed O -to O -a O -rapid O -liakage O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -after O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -low O -concentrations O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -2 O -) O -The O -inhibitory O -action O -of O -DBcAMP O -on O -K O -uptake O -was O -abolished O -by O -the O -alpha O -blocker O -phentolamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -DBcAMP O -alone O -caused O -the O -usual O -decrease O -in O -K O -uptake O -but O -addition O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -abolished O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -5 O -) O -The O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -was O -reversed O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -high O -concentration O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -( O -5 O -. O -25 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -7 O -) O -The O -inhibitory O -action O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -BCcAMP O -was O -reversed O -or O -abolished O -, O -respectively O -, O -by O -imidazole O -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -it O -appears O -that O -DBcAMP O -may O -be O -acting O -at O -the O -membrane O -and O -that O -the O -action O -of O -methylxanthines B-Chemical -and O -imidazole O -is O -not O -necessarily O -mediated O -only O -by O -a O -modification O -of O -phosphodiesterase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -of O -fed O -rats O -was O -perfused O -in O -vitro O -with O -10 O -mmoles O -/ O -litre O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -By O -doubling O -the O -quantity O -of O -medium O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -production O -of O -ketone B-Chemical -bodies O -was O -doubled O -. O - -aps B-category -Octanoic O -acid O -increases O -glucose B-Chemical -production O -by O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Instability O -in O -6 O -. O -4 O -% O -( O -w O -/ O -v O -) O -NaCl B-Chemical -was O -characteristic O -of O -the O -cross O -- O -agglutinating O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Degradation O -of O -14C O -, O -3H O -, O -and O -36Cl O -- O -labelled O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hexachlorocyclohexane I-Chemical -by O -anaerobic O -soil O -microorganisms O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Degradation O -resulted O -in O -a O -rapid O -release O -of O -chloride B-Chemical -and O -in O -formation O -of O -chlorine O -- O -free O -volatile O -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -Gas O -chromatographic O -studies O -also O -showed O -the O -rapid O -decrease O -of O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCH I-Chemical -and O -the O -formation O -of O -several O -metabolities O -. O - -aps B-category -alpha O -- O -HCH O -was O -also O -, O -but O -more O -slowly O -as O -with O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HCH I-Chemical -, O -degraded O -by O -the O -anaerobic O -mixed O -flora O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -result O -of O -this O -intervention O -, O -subjects O -substantially O -decreased O -their O -number O -of O -public O -drunkenness O -arrests O -and O -their O -alcohol B-Chemical -consumption O -, O -and O -increased O -their O -number O -of O -hours O -employed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -hematoxylin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -eosin I-Chemical -stained O -quatorial O -sections O -of O -14 O -human O -bronchial O -tumors O -, O -the O -relative O -proportions O -of O -different O -tissue O -elements O -were O -determined O -in O -two O -perpendicular O -planes O -, O -500 O -and O -200 O -mu O -wide O -, O -using O -the O -target O -principle O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -changes O -included O -a O -marked O -decrease O -in O -the O -total O -proteins O -and O -the O -albumin O -fraction O -, O -together O -with O -a O -significant O -elevation O -in O -levels O -of O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -glutamic O -pyruvic O -transaminase O -, O -bilirubin B-Chemical -, O -and O -creatinine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -of O -the O -serum O -component O -by O -affinity O -chromatography O -and O -partial O -characterization O -have O -shown O -that O -it O -is O -an O -alpha O -- O -globulins O -with O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -100 O -, O -000 O -- O -120 O -, O -000 O -, O -that O -it O -is O -not O -related O -antigenically O -to O -immunoglobulin O -or O -amyloid O -P O -- O -compoment O -, O -and O -that O -it O -has O -an O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -that O -is O -markedly O -different O -from O -tissue O -A O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -were O -taking O -prednisone B-Chemical -alone O -or O -in O -combination O -with O -azathioprine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -hydralazine B-Chemical -can O -be O -safely O -used O -in O -hypertensive O -patients O -with O -systemic O -lupus O -who O -are O -receiving O -concomitant O -immunosuppressive O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -highly O -significant O -and O -dose O -dependent O -inhibition O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -the O -tumor O -cells O -in O -vitro O -could O -be O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -a O -dose O -of O -12 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -body O -weight O -bleomycin B-Chemical -, O -two O -subpopulations O -which O -pass O -through O -the O -cell O -cycle O -partially O -synchronized O -at O -a O -time O -interval O -of O -four O -hours O -, O -can O -be O -discriminated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -this O -N O -- O -propylajmaline O -( O -NPA O -) O -is O -much O -more O -effective O -than O -ajmaline O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -to O -X O -- O -radiation O -and O -to O -bleomycin B-Chemical -has O -been O -measured O -at O -a O -number O -of O -times O -during O -the O -life O -of O -monolayer O -cultures O -of O -EMT6 O -mouse O -tumour O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -healthy O -subjects O -showed O -no O -sensitization O -to O -myelin O -basic O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Cell O -kinetics O -was O -investigated O -using O -[ O -125I O -] O -iododeoxyuridine O -and O -vincristine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Light O -- O -induced O -leucine B-Chemical -transport O -in O -Halobacterium O -halobium O -envelope O -vesicles O -: O -a O -chemiosmotic O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Leucine O -uptake O -requires O -Na O -- O -+ O -and O -is O -optimal O -in O -KCl O -- O -loaded O -vesicles O -resuspended O -in O -KCl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -NaCl I-Chemical -solution O -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -M O -: O -1 O -. O -5 O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -dark O -the O -accumulated O -leucine B-Chemical -is O -rapidly O -and O -exponentially O -lost O -from O -the O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -results O -were O -obtained O -under O -illumination O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -membrane O -- O -permeant O -cations O -and O -valinomycin O -or O -gramicidin O -greatly O -inhibited O -leucine B-Chemical -transport O -without O -altering O -the O -pH O -gradient O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -buffering O -both O -inside O -and O -outside O -the O -vesicles O -eliminated O -the O -pH O -gradient O -while O -enhancing O -leucine B-Chemical -transport O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide O -increased O -the O -pH O -gradient O -without O -affecting O -leucine B-Chemical -transport O -; O -( O -4 O -) O -arsenate O -did O -not O -inhibit O -leucine B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -leucine B-Chemical -transport O -system O -is O -not O -coupled O -to O -ATP O -hydrolysis O -, O -and O -responds O -to O -the O -membrane O -potential O -rather O -than O -to O -the O -pH O -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -can O -grow O -anaerobically O -on O -glycerol O -and O -DL O -- O -glycerol O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -in O -the O -absence O -of O -5 O -- O -aminolevulinic O -acid O -with O -fumarate O -but O -not O -with O -nitrate B-Chemical -as O -the O -terminal O -electron O -acceptor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -NADH O -- O -fumarate O -oxidoreductase O -and O -cytochrome O -- O -independent O -NADH O -oxidase O -systems O -are O -inhibited O -by O -piericidin O -A O -, O -2 O -- O -heptyl O -- O -4 O -- O -hydroxyquinoline O -N O -- O -oxide O -, O -and O -iron B-Chemical -chelating O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -enzymic O -forms O -of O -kynurenine B-Chemical -formamidase O -( O -EC O -3 O -. O -5 O -. O -1 O -. O -9 O -) O -from O -Drosophila O -melanogaster O -were O -separated O -and O -partially O -purified O -by O -pH O -fractionation O -, O -( O -NH4 O -) O -2SO4 O -fractionation O -and O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -75 O -gel O -filtration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -monoaminergic O -granulated O -vesicles O -the O -mixture O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -iodide O -- O -osmium O -tetroxide O -( O -ZIO O -) O -stains O -two O -compartments O -: O -the O -core O -and O -the O -matrix O -, O -the O -latter O -being O -more O -intensively O -stained O -than O -the O -core O -. O - -aps B-category -Major O -toxicity O -was O -myelosuppression O -and O -also O -bleomycin B-Chemical -pneumonitis O -in O -5 O -of O -the O -90 O -evaluable O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -hundred O -eighty O -- O -nine O -patients O -received O -a O -four O -- O -drug O -combination O -consisting O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -, O -Oncovin O -( O -vincristine B-Chemical -) O -, O -methyl O -CCNU B-Chemical -, O -and O -bleomycin B-Chemical -( O -COMB O -) O -, O -according O -to O -three O -different O -drug O -regimens O -, O -performed O -sequentially O -. O - -aps B-category -Toxicity O -included O -: O -1 O -) O -myelosuppression O -, O -resulting O -in O -hospitalization O -for O -antibiotics O -in O -20 O -% O -of O -patients O -; O -2 O -) O -probable O -bleomycin B-Chemical -lung O -damage O -in O -4 O -% O -of O -patients O -; O -and O -3 O -) O -dose O -- O -limiting O -vincristine B-Chemical -neuropathy O -in O -11 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -encouraging O -response O -rate O -suggests O -a O -future O -role O -for O -these O -drugs O -in O -combination O -, O -especially O -for O -vincristine B-Chemical -and O -bleomycin B-Chemical -, O -with O -other O -agents O -showing O -activity O -in O -squamous O -and O -oat O -cell O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Location O -of O -the O -malignancy O -and O -previous O -x O -- O -ray O -treatment O -appear O -to O -be O -important O -determinants O -of O -responsiveness O -to O -methotrexate B-Chemical -, O -while O -degree O -of O -differentiation O -has O -not O -yet O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -an O -important O -factor O -for O -response O -to O -this O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -Multiple O -parameters O -of O -both O -antibody O -- O -and O -cell O -- O -mediated O -immunity O -were O -followed O -serially O -to O -characterize O -the O -effects O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -on O -immunocompetence O -in O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -vitro O -effects O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -on O -lymphocyte O -stimulation O -were O -studied O -, O -and O -while O -thymidine B-Chemical -incorporation O -was O -significantly O -inhibited O -by O -bleomycin B-Chemical -, O -leucine B-Chemical -incorporation O -was O -not O -reduced O -even O -at O -high O -concentrations O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Atopic O -hypersensitivity O -to O -cis O -- O -dichlorodiammineplatinum O -( O -II O -) O -and O -other O -platinum B-Chemical -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reaction O -was O -due O -to O -atopic O -hypersensitivity O -, O -as O -confirmed O -by O -an O -immediate O -wheal O -and O -flair O -reaction O -and O -increased O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -leukocytes O -with O -DDP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -replacement O -of O -platinum B-Chemical -with O -palladium O -abrogated O -the O -reactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -administration O -of O -platinum B-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -diaminocyclohexane O -malonate O -( O -10 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -in O -this O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -1 O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -arabinofuranosylcytosine O -( O -ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -) O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -( O -5 O -- O -aza O -- O -C O -) O -, O -alone O -and O -in O -combination O -, O -on O -DNA O -synthesis O -and O -cytotoxicity O -in O -hamster O -fibrosarcoma O -cells O -has O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -2 O -exposures O -to O -ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -were O -used O -, O -maximal O -cytotoxicity O -occurred O -when O -the O -2nd O -dose O -of O -ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -was O -administered O -at O -the O -time O -when O -the O -cells O -recovered O -from O -the O -inhibition O -of O -DNA O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -S O -- O -phase O -cells O -were O -exposed O -to O -5 O -- O -aza O -- O -C O -, O -the O -maximal O -cell O -kill O -produced O -by O -ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -also O -occurred O -5 O -to O -6 O -hr O -later O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -cells O -in O -G1 O -were O -exposed O -to O -5 O -- O -aza O -- O -C O -, O -the O -cytotoxicity O -produced O -by O -ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -on O -these O -cells O -when O -they O -entered O -S O -phase O -was O -additive O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -cytotoxicity O -produced O -by O -5 O -- O -aza O -- O -C O -exposure O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -species O -- O -specific O -( O -gs O -- O -1 O -) O -and O -cross O -- O -reactive O -( O -gs O -- O -3 O -) O -determinants O -coexist O -on O -this O -protein O -, O -fractions O -containing O -the O -group O -- O -specific O -antigen O -were O -identified O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -mammalian O -interspecies O -determinant O -( O -gs O -- O -3 O -) O -, O -using O -antiserum O -prepared O -against O -Tween B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ether I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -disrupted I-Chemical -feline O -leukemia O -virus O -. O - -aps B-category -Integration O -and O -the O -usual O -consequences O -of O -viral O -infection O -can O -be O -inhibited O -by O -ethidium O -bromide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -four O -cases O -, O -small O -rectal O -carcinoids O -from O -patients O -who O -did O -not O -have O -accompanying O -significant O -clinical O -signs O -or O -metabolic O -disturbances O -were O -found O -to O -give O -a O -definite O -argyrophil O -reaction O -by O -double O -or O -triple O -impregnation O -of O -Grimelius O -' O -silver B-Chemical -nitrate B-Chemical -stain O -, O -but O -not O -by O -other O -silver B-Chemical -methods O -for O -argyrophil O -or O -argentaffin O -granules O -, O -regardless O -of O -variations O -of O -cellular O -arrangement O -in O -ribbon O -- O -like O -, O -solid O -, O -and O -sclerosing O -patterns O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -electron O -microscopic O -autoradiography O -after O -administration O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -showed O -that O -TSH O -caused O -, O -concomitant O -with O -the O -disappearance O -of O -vesicles O -, O -a O -transfer O -of O -radioactivity O -from O -the O -apical O -region O -of O -the O -follicle O -cell O -to O -the O -periphery O -of O -the O -follicle O -lumen O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -5 O -min O -after O -administration O -of O -TSH O -there O -was O -an O -increase O -of O -protein O -- O -bound O -label O -in O -the O -supernatant O -fraction O -, O -containing O -the O -luminal B-Chemical -colloid O -, O -and O -a O -corresponding O -decrease O -of O -label O -in O -the O -particle O -fraction O -which O -contained O -most O -of O -the O -cell O -organelles O -, O -including O -the O -exocytotic O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -Production O -of O -testicular O -androgen B-Chemical -binding O -protein O -( O -ABP O -) O -, O -ceases O -following O -hypophysectomy O -and O -can O -be O -stimulated O -by O -FSH O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -various O -fuel O -additives O -on O -the O -ability O -of O -platinum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -palladium I-Chemical -catalytic O -converters O -to O -remove O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -and O -hydrocarbon O -components O -of O -automotive O -exhaust O -has O -been O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -absorbed O -sulfur O -trioxide O -( O -sulfuric O -acid O -) O -is O -determined O -by O -an O -absorption O -titration O -by O -using O -barium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -as O -the O -titrant O -and O -thorin O -as O -the O -indicator O -. O - -aps B-category -Catalytic O -converters O -are O -going O -to O -be O -used O -to O -meet O -the O -statutory O -requirements O -on O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -and O -hydrocarbon O -emissions O -from O -light O -duty O -motor O -vehicles O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -present O -time O -, O -platinum B-Chemical -and O -palladium O -are O -not O -present O -in O -the O -public O -environment O -and O -represent O -potentially O -new O -environmental O -contaminants O -as O -a O -consequence O -of O -use O -of O -this O -new O -abatement O -control O -technology O -. O - -aps B-category -Interactions O -of O -platinum B-Chemical -metals O -and O -their O -complexes O -in O -biological O -systems O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -platinum B-Chemical -exhibits O -a O -remarkable O -resistance O -to O -oxidation O -and O -chemical O -attack O -, O -it O -reacts O -chemically O -under O -some O -conditions O -producing O -coordination O -complex O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -platinum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -metal I-Chemical -complexes O -interact O -with O -biological O -systems O -as O -bacteriostatic O -, O -bacteriocidal O -, O -viricidal O -, O -and O -immunosuppressive O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -brief O -discussion O -of O -platinum B-Chemical -at O -manogram O -levels O -in O -biological O -tissue O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Demonstration O -by O -the O -effects O -of O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactosamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Immature O -female O -Sprague O -- O -Dawley O -rats O -were O -administered O -with O -0 O -. O -3 O -mc O -per O -rat O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -uridine I-Chemical -at O -a O -certain O -time O -interval O -after O -injection O -of O -HCG O -( O -10 O -iu O -/ O -rat O -) O -and O -the O -ovaries O -were O -subsequently O -isolated O -after O -15 O -, O -30 O -or O -60 O -minutes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -RNA O -solution O -ultimately O -obtained O -was O -analysed O -on O -a O -3 O -- O -20 O -% O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -ovary O -was O -pulse O -- O -labeled O -with O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -uridine I-Chemical -for O -15 O -minutes O -starting O -2 O -hours O -after O -injection O -of O -HCG O -, O -the O -RNA O -with O -a O -large O -S O -value O -was O -synthesized O -and O -the O -pattern O -of O -variation O -in O -radioactivity O -was O -that O -of O -rising O -near O -the O -bottom O -fraction O -and O -declining O -with O -access O -to O -the O -top O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -tests O -were O -carried O -out O -on O -fifty O -patients O -with O -autoimmune O -thyroiditis O -of O -varying O -duration O -and O -severity O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -toxicity O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -on O -Colisa O -fasciatus O -( O -part O -I O -: O -TLm O -measurements O -and O -histopathological O -changes O -in O -certain O -tissues O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -further O -application O -of O -a O -high O -amount O -of O -antigen O -( O -2 O -times O -10 O -( O -9 O -) O -, O -or O -4 O -times O -10 O -( O -9 O -) O -lymphocytes O -) O -did O -not O -lead B-Chemical -to O -further O -increase O -in O -the O -titre O -; O -on O -the O -contrary O -- O -hyperimmunization O -resulted O -in O -a O -lower O -titre O -in O -the O -case O -of O -the O -rosette O -inhibition O -test O -, O -which O -is O -known O -to O -correlate O -best O -with O -the O -in O -vivo O -immunosuppressive O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -normoblasts O -, O -proliferation O -rate O -of O -erythroid O -precursors O -and O -degree O -of O -intramarrow O -hemolysis O -have O -been O -studied O -in O -vitro O -on O -the O -bone O -marrow O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -chronic O -blood O -loss O -both O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -dividing O -erythroid O -precursors O -at O -different O -stages O -of O -maturity O -and O -the O -rate O -of O -erythroid O -production O -are O -2 O -to O -3 O -times O -lower O -than O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -type O -of O -chronic O -iron B-Chemical -deficiency O -, O -which O -is O -not O -associated O -with O -blood O -loss O -, O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -in O -the O -enzymic O -oxidoreduction O -of O -17 O -- O -oxygenated O -c19 O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -complete O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -of O -Bence O -- O -Jones O -protein O -Len O -. O - -aps B-category -and O -these O -subgroups O -is O -in O -the O -same O -range O -as O -the O -average O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -exchange O -rate O -between O -these O -subgroups O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -IgE O -and O -compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -- O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -by O -lectins O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -in O -an O -IgE O -- O -mediated O -and O -a O -compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -- O -mediated O -reaction O -was O -inhibited O -in O -cells O -which O -had O -been O -pretreated O -with O -these O -lectins O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -lectin O -- O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -and O -the O -lectin O -- O -induced O -inhibition O -of O -subsequent O -IgE O -- O -mediated O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -could O -be O -dissociated O -: O -thus O -L O -- O -rhamnose O -, O -a O -hexose O -not O -ordinarily O -found O -on O -mammalian O -cell O -membranes O -, O -a O -specifically O -inhibited O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -which O -was O -caused O -by O -the O -lectin O -from O -R O -. O -communis O -without O -affecting O -the O -inhibition O -of O -IgE O -- O -mediated O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -the O -nominally O -galactose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -specific I-Chemical -lectins O -from O -Sophora O -japonica O -and O -Ulex O -europeus O -inhibited O -IgE O -- O -mediated O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -while O -causing O -little O -if O -any O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -themselves O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -the O -known O -structural O -specificity O -of O -these O -lectins O -and O -the O -amounts O -of O -the O -lectins O -which O -were O -required O -to O -demonstrate O -an O -effect O -, O -it O -was O -concluded O -that O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -, O -alpha O -- O -linked O -, O -intrachain O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -( O -or O -mannose O -) O -, O -and O -N O -- O -acetylglucosamine O -residues O -but O -probably O -not O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactosamine I-Chemical -or O -L O -- O -fucose O -residues O -in O -the O -glycolipids O -or O -glycoproteins O -of O -the O -mast O -cell O -membrane O -can O -play O -a O -role O -in O -the O -initiation O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -and O -in O -the O -desensitization O -of O -the O -cells O -to O -subsequent O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -- O -inducing O -stimuli O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -availability O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -peroxidase O -and O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -for O -H2O2 B-Chemical -disposal O -and O -hexose O -monophosphate O -shunt O -stimulation O -also O -are O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -no O -effect O -on O -either O -glutathione B-Chemical -peroxidase O -or O -glutathione B-Chemical -reductase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -nature O -of O -the O -protective O -substance O -in O -ribosomal O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -protein O -extracts O -of O -Salmonella O -has O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -it O -was O -observed O -that O -a O -ribosomal O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -preparation O -from O -S O -. O -adelaide O -contains O -a O -heat O -- O -stable O -immunogen O -which O -is O -not O -an O -O O -antigen O -or O -that O -gives O -cross O -- O -protection O -across O -species O -lines O -. O - -aps B-category -Penicillin B-Chemical -hypersensitivity O -in O -systemic O -lupus O -erythematosus O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -we O -confirmed O -previous O -reports O -that O -the O -prevalence O -of O -histories O -of O -prior O -penicillin B-Chemical -reaction O -was O -significantly O -higher O -in O -SLE O -patients O -than O -among O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Upon O -action O -of O -anti O -- O -IgE O -antiserum O -on O -IgE O -- O -coated O -rat O -mast O -cells O -, O -the O -mast O -cells O -released O -up O -to O -47 O -. O -5 O -% O -of O -their O -total O -histamine B-Chemical -content O -in O -a O -fluorometric O -histamine B-Chemical -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -Specificity O -of O -antigens O -in O -aqueous O -phenol B-Chemical -extracts O -of O -skin O -examined O -by O -means O -of O -guinea O -pig O -and O -rabbit O -immune O -sera O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -and O -an O -exophthalmogenic O -factor O -derived O -from O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -to O -retro O -- O -orbital O -tissue O -plasma O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -regard O -to O -the O -optimal O -conditions O -of O -binding O -, O -pH O -, O -buffer O -, O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -, O -and O -temperature O -, O -these O -properties O -are O -the O -same O -as O -those O -described O -in O -any O -accompanying O -report O -concerning O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -binding O -to O -bovine O -thyroid O -plasma O -membranes O -( O -Tate O -, O -R O -. O -L O -. O -, O -Schwartz O -, O -H O -. O -I O -. O -, O -Holmes O -, O -J O -. O -M O -. O -, O -Kohn O -, O -L O -. O -D O -. O -, O -and O -Winand O -, O -R O -. O -J O -. O -( O -1975 O -) O -J O -. O -Biol O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -gamma O -- O -globulin O -from O -patients O -with O -malignant O -exophthalmos O -enhances O -binding O -when O -added O -to O -incubation O -mixtures O -containing O -the O -retro O -- O -orbital O -tissue O -plasma O -membranes O -but O -not O -when O -added O -to O -those O -containing O -thyroid O -plasma O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Tryptic O -digestion O -of O -the O -retro O -- O -orbital O -tissue O -membranes O -releases O -specific O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -and O -exophthalmogenic O -factor O -binding O -activity O -into O -the O -supernatant O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -Retro O -- O -orbital O -tissue O -membranes O -have O -been O -shown O -to O -have O -adenylate O -cyclase O -activity O -which O -can O -be O -stimulated O -by O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -and O -by O -an O -exophthalmogenic O -factor O -derived O -from O -the O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -molecule O -by O -partial O -pepsin O -digestion O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -salts O -are O -exquisitely O -inhibitory O -to O -the O -hormonal O -stimulation O -; O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -lithium B-Chemical -, O -and O -ammonium B-Chemical -salts O -are O -significantly O -less O -inhibitory O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -gamma O -- O -globulin O -from O -patients O -with O -malignant O -exophthalmos O -has O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -cyclase O -activity O -either O -alone O -or O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -maximal O -levels O -of O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -or O -the O -exophthalmogenic O -factor O -; O -this O -gamma O -- O -globulin O -does O -, O -however O -, O -stimulate O -cyclase O -activity O -at O -submaximal O -hormone O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatographic O -studies O -of O -reactions O -and O -structural O -relationships O -of O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Reactions O -studied O -include O -the O -Wolff O -- O -Kishner O -removal O -of O -keto O -groups O -, O -their O -conversion O -into O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -groups O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethanol I-Chemical -or O -sodium B-Chemical -borohydride O -and O -into O -dioxolone O -derivatives O -with O -ethylene O -glycol O -; O -the O -conversion O -of O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -into O -keto O -groups O -with O -chromium O -trioxide O -and O -to O -trimethylsilyl O -( O -TMS O -) O -ethers O -by O -hexamethyldisilazane O -; O -the O -hydrolysis O -of O -dioxolone O -and O -TMS O -derivatives O -by O -H O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -GLC O -data O -analysis O -provides O -relationships O -between O -steroid B-Chemical -structure O -and O -retention O -time O -from O -which O -methods O -for O -the O -computation O -of O -retention O -times O -and O -for O -steroid B-Chemical -identification O -are O -designed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -NBD O -derivatives O -are O -extracted O -with O -diethyl O -ether B-Chemical -and O -separated O -by O -thin O -- O -layer O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -Hyperthyroidism O -in O -Tasmania O -following O -iodide O -supplementation O -: O -measurements O -of O -thyroid O -- O -stimulating O -autoantibodies O -and O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -findings O -support O -the O -conclusion O -that O -the O -increased O -incidence O -of O -phyerthyroidism O -in O -Tasmania O -was O -due O -to O -an O -increased O -supply O -of O -iodine B-Chemical -to O -patients O -with O -latent O -hyperthyroidism O -whose O -thyroid O -glands O -, O -due O -to O -the O -presence O -of O -toxid O -nodule O -( O -s O -) O -or O -thyroid O -- O -stimulating O -autoantibodies O -, O -were O -unresponsive O -to O -control O -by O -TSH O -deprivation O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -normal O -18 O -- O -20 O -yr O -- O -old O -men O -were O -studied O -on O -3 O -occasions O -, O -from O -0830 O -h O -to O -1500 O -h O -. O -The O -baseline O -for O -each O -study O -consisted O -of O -3 O -or O -4 O -measurements O -of O -the O -respective O -hormone O -obtained O -between O -0830 O -and O -0900 O -h O -. O -In O -the O -control O -studies O -mean O -testosterone B-Chemical -( O -T O -) O -fell O -by O -43 O -% O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -during O -the O -final O -30 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -( O -TeBG O -) O -mean O -titers O -showed O -no O -diurnal O -rhythm O -in O -the O -control O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -calculated O -the O -percentage O -uptake O -of O -radioactivity O -in O -the O -human O -thyroid O -gland O -inhibited O -with O -various O -therapeutic O -agents O -( O -triiodothyronine O -( O -T3 O -) O -, O -Lugol O -' O -s O -solution O -, O -potassium B-Chemical -perchlorate O -( O -KC1O4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Reaction O -of O -human O -neutrophils O -with O -aggregated O -immunoglobulin O -on O -nonphagocytosable O -surfaces O -results O -in O -secretion O -of O -granule O -enzymes O -( O -exocytosis O -of O -granules O -) O -and O -stimulation O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidation O -by O -the O -nexose O -monophosphate O -pathway O -( O -HMP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -b O -) O -Removal O -of O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -and O -addition O -of O -agents O -which O -increased O -the O -intracellular O -levels O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -( O -cAMP B-Chemical -) O -, O -however O -, O -prevented O -both O -activities O -, O -while O -colchicine O -had O -greater O -inhibitory O -activity O -on O -HMP O -stimulation O -than O -upon O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chemical O -synthesis O -of O -2 O -- O -O O -- O -( O -alpha O -- O -L O -- O -fucopyranosyl O -) O -- O -3 O -- O -O O -- O -( O -alpha O -- O -D O -- O -galactopyranosyl O -) O -- B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Fixation O -of O -rat O -parotid O -with O -an O -unbuffered O -osmium O -tetroxide O -solution O -containing O -nearly O -saturated O -potassium B-Chemical -( O -pyro O -) O -antimonate O -resulted O -in O -abundant O -deposition O -of O -cation O -- O -antimonate O -precipatates O -in O -acinar O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Phosphate O -buffer O -or O -ehtyleneglycoltetraacetate O -inhibited O -in O -vitro O -precipitation O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -decreased O -or O -abolished O -plasmalemmal O -deposits O -. O - -aps B-category -Large O -, O -extracellular O -deposits O -were O -probably O -predominantly O -sodium B-Chemical -precipitates O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -variable O -amount O -of O -electron O -- O -opague O -deposit O -was O -observed O -when O -cells O -were O -incubated O -in O -diaminobenzidine O -and O -H2O2 B-Chemical -for O -1 O -hr O -while O -an O -intense O -deposit O -followed O -incubation O -for O -4 O -hr O -in O -the O -same O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -viral O -hepatitis O -type O -B O -was O -observed O -in O -three O -patients O -convalescing O -from O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -) O -- O -negative O -viral O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -provide O -additional O -evidence O -of O -the O -lack O -of O -cross O -- O -immunity O -between O -the O -two O -types O -of O -viral O -hepatitis O -and O -indicate O -that O -patients O -with O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -positive I-Chemical -and O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -negative I-Chemical -acute O -viral O -hepatitis O -should O -be O -separated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -main O -antigens O -detected O -with O -convalescent O -MD O -serum O -, O -referred O -to O -as O -' O -B O -' O -and O -' O -C O -' O -antigens O -, O -had O -mobilities O -of O -0 O -- O -55 O -and O -0 O -- O -25 O -respectively O -relative O -to O -phenol B-Chemical -red O -on O -electrophoresis O -in O -7 O -- O -5 O -% O -acrylamide O -gel O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -and O -ethosuximide B-Chemical -on O -primidone O -metabolism O -in O -patients O -with O -epilepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -we O -studied O -three O -groups O -of O -patients O -: O -28 O -receiving O -primidone O -alone O -, O -16 O -on O -comedication O -of O -primidone O -with O -phenytoin B-Chemical -and O -9 O -on O -primidone O -plus O -ethosuximide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -/ O -primidone O -plasma O -concentration O -ratio O -is O -with O -4 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -7 O -( O -+ O -/ O -- O -S O -. O -E O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -occurs O -and O -persists O -for O -several O -days O -after O -the O -steady O -state O -plasma O -concentration O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -has O -been O -reached O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -intoxication O -due O -to O -addition O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -to O -primidone O -medication O -is O -described O -in O -detail O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -patients O -, O -who O -were O -treated O -with O -clioquinol B-Chemical -after O -radical O -resection O -of O -carcinoma O -of O -the O -rectum O -and O -colostomy O -, O -developed O -symmetrical O -sensorimotor O -polyneuropathy O -, O -mild O -posterior O -tract O -ataxia O -, O -bilateral O -pyramidal O -tract O -lesions O -and O -optic O -neuropathy O -, O -a O -clinical O -picture O -compatible O -with O -subacute O -myelo O -- O -optic O -- O -neuropathy O -( O -S O -. O -M O -. O -O O -. O -N O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -examination O -12 O -and O -14 O -months O -after O -clioquinol B-Chemical -had O -been O -discontinued O -, O -the O -first O -patient O -' O -s O -vision O -was O -slightly O -improved O -, O -but O -he O -was O -otherwise O -unchanged O -, O -while O -the O -vision O -of O -the O -other O -patient O -was O -unchanged O -, O -but O -she O -had O -otherwise O -deteriorated O -slightly O -neurologically O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -with O -posterior O -disconnexion O -syndrome O -in O -general O -make O -7 O -errors O -out O -of O -10 O -tasks O -in O -colour O -naming O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -2 O -errors O -out O -of O -10 O -tasks O -in O -object O -naming O -. O - -aps B-category -Nonetheless O -, O -some O -genetic O -factors O -associated O -with O -race O -may O -also O -be O -implicated O -, O -for O -example O -, O -HL O -- O -A O -tissue O -antigens O -( O -perhaps O -by O -virtue O -of O -a O -common O -association O -with O -the O -immune O -response O -( O -Ir O -) O -gene O -) O -, O -the O -Gm O -and O -Inv O -immunoglobulin O -characteristics O -and O -skin O -pigmentary O -characteristics O -( O -perhaps O -through O -interactions O -between O -pigmentation O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -metabolism O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -increased O -concentration O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -in O -blood O -serum O -may O -be O -related O -to O -the O -contraction O -during O -strenuous O -work O -; O -it O -is O -known O -that O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -are O -an O -important O -factor O -in O -the O -contraction O -- O -relaxation O -cycle O -of O -striated O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -CSF O -cells O -in O -a O -case O -of O -primary O -reticulum O -cell O -sarcoma O -of O -the O -brain O -with O -diffuse O -subarachnoid O -spreading O -were O -examined O -by O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -autoradiography O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -should O -be O -stressed O -that O -the O -examination O -of O -CSF O -cells O -by O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -autoradiography O -in O -cases O -of O -brain O -tumors O -could O -be O -one O -of O -the O -valuable O -methods O -indicating O -the O -DNA O -synthesis O -of O -the O -tumor O -cells O -, O -which O -is O -an O -important O -parameter O -of O -malignancy O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -none O -of O -the O -patients O -did O -investigation O -of O -the O -CSF O -, O -skull O -X O -- O -rays O -, O -brain O -scanning O -, O -pneumencephalography O -or O -cerebral O -angiography O -first O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -diagnosis O -of O -a O -brain O -tumour O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -radionuclides O -with O -which O -bleomycin B-Chemical -has O -been O -labeled O -have O -chemical O -and O -nuclear O -properties O -that O -are O -entirely O -satisfactory O -for O -in O -vivo O -tumor O -localization O -. O - -aps B-category -Iodine O -monochloride O -proved O -to O -be O -the O -preferred O -method O -and O -conditions O -were O -developed O -whereby O -80 O -% O -of O -radioiodide O -was O -covalently O -bound O -to O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -iodine B-Chemical -monochloride O -reaction O -product O -underwent O -hydrolytic O -deiodination O -in O -vitro O -at O -a O -rate O -of O -about O -1 O -. O -2 O -% O -/ O -day O -( O -0 O -. O -15 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -37 O -degrees O -C O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparative O -clinical O -evaluation O -with O -gallium O -citrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -terms O -of O -sensitivity O -, O -labeled O -bleomycin B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -a O -superior O -agent O -for O -malignant O -tumor O -detection O -when O -compared O -with O -67Ga B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -( O -p O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -nutritional O -factors O -on O -the O -development O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -fatty O -liver O -in O -KK O -and O -KK O -- O -Ay O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -studies O -were O -undertaken O -to O -elucidate O -effects O -of O -nutritional O -factors O -on O -liver O -fat O -contents O -of O -the O -mice O -given O -water O -or O -ethanol B-Chemical -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -higher O -concentration O -of O -dietary O -casein O -lowered O -the O -liver O -fat O -of O -control O -mice O -, O -whereas O -the O -dietary O -concentration O -of O -cottonseed O -oil O -did O -not O -significantly O -affect O -the O -liver O -rat O -levels O -either O -in O -control O -or O -ethanol B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -in O -rats O -, O -orotic O -acid O -did O -not O -induce O -a O -fatty O -liver O -but O -rather O -alleviated O -the O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -fatty O -liver O -in O -these O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -and O -penetrating O -parasites O -were O -fixed O -with O -glutaraldehyde O -and O -OsO4 O -- O -containing O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -, O -dehydrated O -, O -and O -embedded O -in O -situ O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -on O -mouse O -bone O -- O -marrow O -stem O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Stable O -somatic O -cell O -hybrids O -of O -RADA O -- O -1 O -cells O -and O -LM O -( O -TK O -) O -- O -cells O -( O -H2k O -) O -, O -a O -TL O -( O -minus O -) O -thymidine B-Chemical -kinase O -- O -deficient O -mutant O -of O -mouse O -L O -cells O -, O -were O -selected O -in O -hypoxanthine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminopterin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -the O -activity O -of O -11 O -fluoranthene O -derivatives O -with O -different O -side O -chains O -showed O -that O -the O -structure O -of O -the O -amine B-Chemical -side O -chain O -influenced O -both O -the O -extent O -of O -antipolymerase O -activity O -with O -a O -given O -template O -and O -the O -relative O -inhibition O -with O -different O -synthetic O -DNA O -and O -RNA O -templates O -. O - -aps B-category -Hamsters O -identically O -immunized O -, O -but O -also O -given O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -CY O -) O -20 O -hours O -after O -the O -first O -immunization O -, O -had O -a O -much O -lower O -incidence O -of O -positive O -responses O -( O -2 O -/ O -10 O -) O -and O -lower O -antibody O -levels O -in O -the O -positive O -responders O -. O - -aps B-category -Purified O -preparations O -of O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBsAg B-Chemical -) O -were O -solubilized O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -and O -urea B-Chemical -under O -reducing O -conditions O -and O -subsequently O -fractionated O -by O -preparative O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -( O -PAGE O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibody O -to O -each O -HBsAg B-Chemical -type O -was O -measured O -by O -radioimmunoassay O -. O - -aps B-category -Interferon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -directed I-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -chronic O -murine O -leukemia O -virus O -production O -in O -cell O -cultures O -: O -lack O -of O -effect O -on O -intracellular O -viral O -markers O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -three O -cell O -lines O -which O -were O -relatively O -insensitive O -to O -interferon B-Chemical -, O -extracellular O -enzyme O -activity O -remained O -unchanged O -by O -interferon B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -AKR O -, O -C O -+ O -cultures O -interferon B-Chemical -treatment O -also O -had O -no O -effect O -on O -the O -level O -of O -intracellular O -viral O -reverse O -transcriptase O -activity O -in O -spite O -of O -an O -inhibition O -of O -extracellular O -enzyme O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -cells O -were O -washed O -to O -remove O -interferon B-Chemical -, O -however O -, O -virus O -production O -rapidly O -rose O -and O -intracellular O -p30 O -antigen O -fell O -to O -the O -levels O -of O -untreated O -AKR O -, O -C O -+ O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Clinical O -studies O -on O -histamine B-Chemical -liberating O -actions O -of O -muscle O -relaxants O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Experience O -of O -clinical O -treatment O -of O -verrucosis O -with O -bleomycin B-Chemical -( O -author O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Method O -of O -determination O -of O -amylase O -/ O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -for O -diagnosis O -of O -pancreatic O -diseases O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Detection O -of O -isoenzymes O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -by O -chromatography O -and O -electrophoresis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -consisted O -of O -homogenization O -, O -velocity O -sedimentation O -in O -60 O -per O -cent O -sucrose B-Chemical -solution O -and O -two O -- O -phase O -polymer O -centrifugation O -using O -a O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dextran I-Chemical -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -solubilized O -MB O -protein O -produced O -three O -peaks O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -100 O -chromatography O -and O -at O -least O -five O -intense O -protein O -bands O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Excretion O -of O -57Co O -after O -an O -oral O -dose O -indicated O -an O -increased O -iron B-Chemical -absorption O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -randomised O -clinical O -trial O -in O -124 O -adult O -patients O -with O -typhoid O -fever O -, O -proved O -by O -blood O -culture O -, O -showed O -that O -amoxycillin O -in O -a O -dosage O -of O -1 O -g O -. O -six O -- O -hourly O -for O -fourteen O -days O -is O -an O -alternative O -to O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -, O -which O -has O -hitherto O -been O -regarded O -as O -the O -drug O -of O -choice O -. O - -aps B-category -6 O -. O -6 O -% O -of O -all O -Australian O -patients O -attending O -an O -antenatal O -clinic O -were O -found O -to O -be O -taking O -salicylate B-Chemical -preparations O -regularly O -, O -most O -commonly O -in O -powder O -form O -and O -almost O -always O -as O -self O -- O -medication O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -regular O -salicylate B-Chemical -consumption O -has O -detrimental O -effects O -in O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Fetal O -effects O -of O -regular O -salicylate B-Chemical -ingestion O -in O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -babies O -had O -a O -significantly O -reduced O -birth O -- O -weight O -compared O -with O -controls O -; O -many O -of O -them O -had O -a O -raised O -cord O -- O -blood O -salicylate B-Chemical -level O -but O -had O -no O -clinical O -evidence O -of O -bleeding O -or O -hypoglycaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -were O -studied O -by O -the O -quantitative O -micro O -- O -scale O -complement O -- O -fixation O -assay O -for O -the O -presence O -of O -humoral O -antibodies O -against O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptor O -( O -AChR O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -and O -renin O -substrate O -were O -measured O -using O -radioimmunoassay O -for O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -. O -P O -. O -R O -. O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -renin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -system O -may O -not O -be O -of O -primary O -pathogenetic O -importance O -in O -the O -development O -of O -essential O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -attending O -a O -clinic O -for O -diseases O -of O -the O -liver O -were O -tested O -for O -blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethanol I-Chemical -by O -a O -gas O -chromatographic O -technique O -sensitive O -to O -about O -5 O -mg O -/ O -dl O -( O -1 O -mmol O -/ O -1 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -42 O -patients O -( O -24 O -% O -) O -had O -the O -liver O -- O -biopsy O -changes O -of O -alcoholic O -liver O -disease O -, O -and O -17 O -of O -these O -had O -ethanol B-Chemical -in O -the O -blood O -at O -one O -time O -or O -another O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -cases O -but O -1 O -where O -blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethanol I-Chemical -was O -found O -, O -a O -drinking O -history O -was O -admitted O -on O -first O -attendance O -, O -and O -alcoholic O -liver O -disease O -was O -nearly O -always O -found O -on O -subsequent O -biopsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -1 O -patient O -of O -22 O -with O -" O -cryptogenic O -" O -cirrhosis O -on O -biopsy O -was O -found O -to O -have O -both O -ethanol B-Chemical -in O -the O -blood O -and O -an O -alcoholic O -history O -, O -although O -5 O -had O -an O -alcoholic O -history O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Casual O -blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethanol I-Chemical -estimation O -is O -a O -useful O -and O -objective O -adjunct O -to O -techniques O -of O -investigating O -diseases O -of O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -were O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -a O -control O -group O -of O -twenty O -- O -nine O -age O -- O -matched O -women O -not O -taking O -contraceptive O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Alfalfa O -and O -blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cholesterol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Breast O -cancer O -and O -spironolactone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -patients O -admitted O -to O -hospital O -during O -or O -immediately O -after O -status O -epilepticus O -or O -recurrent O -episodes O -of O -grand O -- O -mal O -seizures O -had O -very O -high O -concentrations O -of O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -their O -blood O -at O -a O -time O -when O -the O -blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -was O -normal O -in O -five O -of O -them O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Hyperthermia O -in O -rabbits O -caused O -by O -interaction O -between O -M O -. O -A O -. O -O O -. O -I O -. O -s O -, O -antiparkinson O -drugs O -, O -and O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Triiodothyronine O -/ O -reverse O -- O -triiodothyronine O -balance O -and O -thyroxine B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Plasma O -neutral O -aminoacids O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -in O -cirrhosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -of O -myoclonus O -to O -oral O -and O -intravenous O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptophan I-Chemical -( O -5 O -- O -H O -. O -T O -. O -P O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Moderate O -improvement O -or O -complete O -cessation O -of O -myoclonus O -followed O -treatment O -with O -one O -or O -both O -of O -these O -regimens O -in O -5 O -patients O -, O -1 O -of O -whom O -also O -responded O -to O -the O -concurrent O -administration O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -and O -a O -monoamineoxidase O -inhibitor O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -group O -had O -low O -levels O -of O -5 O -- O -hydroxyindole O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -lumbar O -cerebrospinal O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Low O -- O -dose O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Serum O -- O -aminoacids O -and O -brain O -tryptophan B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhaled O -beclomethasone B-Chemical -dipropionate I-Chemical -and O -inhaled O -betamethasone O -valerate O -have O -been O -compared O -with O -oral O -prednisone B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -75 O -patients O -with O -asthma O -who O -were O -starting O -long O -- O -term O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -for O -the O -first O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -daily O -dose O -of O -400 O -mug O -of O -inhaled O -drug O -was O -approximately O -equivalent O -to O -7 O -- O -5 O -mg O -daily O -of O -prednisone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -30 O -% O -incidence O -of O -other O -systemic O -unwanted O -effects O -of O -prednisone B-Chemical -contrasted O -sharply O -with O -the O -low O -incidence O -( O -5 O -% O -) O -of O -symptomatic O -oropharyngeal O -candidiasis O -in O -the O -patients O -receiving O -inhaled O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -not O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -cromoglycate O -did O -as O -well O -in O -the O -trial O -as O -those O -receiving O -sodium B-Chemical -cromoglycate O -. O - -aps B-category -Idiopathic O -parkinsonism O -treated O -with O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -- O -blind O -, O -within O -- O -patient O -comparison O -between O -maximum O -tolerated O -doses O -of O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -( O -mean O -46 O -- O -9 O -mg O -daily O -) O -and O -placebo O -revealed O -a O -substantial O -and O -statistically O -significant O -therapeutic O -response O -to O -the O -active O -drug O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -taking O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -fourteen O -patients O -were O -able O -to O -stop O -levodopa B-Chemical -( O -with O -or O -without O -carbidopa B-Chemical -) O -; O -in O -five O -patients O -the O -dose O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -was O -reduced O -by O -54 O -% O -( O -mean O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -steroid B-Chemical -therapy O -the O -IgG O -and O -IgA O -levels O -fell O -serially O -but O -the O -IgM O -levels O -increased O -in O -six O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -278 O -interviews O -of O -women O -who O -had O -infants O -with O -selected O -major O -malformations O -, O -a O -history O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -ingestion O -in O -the O -first O -trimester O -of O -pregnancy O -was O -found O -to O -be O -four O -times O -more O -frequent O -among O -mothers O -of O -children O -with O -a O -cleft O -lip O -with O -or O -without O -a O -cleft O -palate O -than O -among O -mothers O -of O -children O -with O -other O -defects O -. O - -aps B-category -Until O -there O -are O -more O -data O -bearing O -on O -this O -question O -, O -this O -possible O -risk O -should O -be O -considered O -when O -prescribing O -diazepam B-Chemical -for O -women O -in O -their O -reproductive O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Temperature O -- O -sensitivity O -and O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistance I-Chemical -in O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Domestic O -lead B-Chemical -poisoning O -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -, O -immediately O -after O -, O -and O -in O -the O -10 O -months O -after O -weight O -reduction O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triglycerides I-Chemical -were O -273 O -, O -112 O -, O -and O -126 O -mg O -. O -per O -100 O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -recipients O -receiving O -oral O -azathioprine B-Chemical -( O -50 O -mg O -. O -a O -day O -) O -the O -fate O -of O -skin O -grafts O -taken O -from O -live O -human O -prospective O -kidney O -donors O -correlates O -well O -with O -the O -outcome O -of O -kidney O -transplantation O -from O -the O -same O -donors O -. O - -aps B-category -Screening O -for O -HBsAg B-Chemical -before O -cytotoxic O -drug O -therapy O -, O -careful O -monitoring O -of O -liver O -function O -during O -its O -withdrawal O -, O -and O -prompt O -treatment O -with O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -should O -abnormalities O -occur O -may O -prevent O -this O -unfortunate O -sequence O -of O -events O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -pertussis B-Chemical -vaccine I-Chemical -in O -an O -epidemic O -involving O -hospital O -staff O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -these O -required O -treatment O -with O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Drug O -enhancement O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Dietary O -intake O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -in O -the O -elderly O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Potential O -pitfall O -in O -bioassay O -of O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -gentamicin I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thyroid O -function O -in O -the O -long O -- O -term O -follow O -- O -up O -of O -patients O -treated O -with O -iodine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -131 I-Chemical -for O -thyrotoxicosis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -none O -of O -a O -group O -of O -61 O -patients O -, O -euthyroid O -with O -a O -normal O -plasma O -T O -. O -S O -. O -H O -. O - -aps B-category -after O -iodine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -131 I-Chemical -treatment O -for O -thyrotoxicosis O -six O -to O -eighteen O -years O -earlier O -developed O -overt O -hypothyroidism O -over O -a O -three O -- O -year O -period O -, O -the O -follow O -- O -up O -of O -such O -patients O -need O -not O -be O -so O -frequent O -as O -that O -of O -similarly O -treated O -euthyroid O -patients O -with O -a O -raised O -plasma O -T O -. O -S O -. O -H O -. O - -aps B-category -54 O -patients O -have O -been O -studied O -after O -paracetamol B-Chemical -( O -acetaminophen B-Chemical -) O -overdose O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aspartate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminotransferase I-Chemical -above O -400 O -units O -/ O -1 O -was O -always O -associated O -with O -severe O -histological O -liver O -damage O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Acute O -respiratory O -distress O -following O -formalin B-Chemical -inhalation O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Reye O -' O -s O -syndrome O -and O -the O -kinetics O -of O -ornithine B-Chemical -carbamoyltransferase O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Diazepam B-Chemical -and O -plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -testosterone I-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -and O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fortified I-Chemical -flour O -and O -renal O -stones O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -avoid O -freezing O -artefacts O -, O -a O -pretreatment O -of O -the O -living O -material O -with O -50 O -% O -sucrose B-Chemical -was O -necessary O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -the O -refractive O -properties O -of O -Gramicidin O -A O -in O -absolute O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -in O -ethanol B-Chemical -water O -mixtures O -showed O -that O -this O -peptide O -in O -solution O -undergoes O -a O -conformational O -transition O -resulting O -in O -species O -with O -different O -refractivity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -TCP O -' O -s O -constituted O -7 O -% O -and O -63 O -% O -, O -respectively O -, O -of O -the O -free O -phenol B-Chemical -fraction O -which O -was O -found O -to O -account O -for O -less O -than O -5 O -% O -of O -all O -urinary O -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -utilization O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -in O -rat O -mast O -cells O -during O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -induced O -by O -anaphylactic O -reaction O -and O -compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -ATP O -content O -of O -actively O -sensitized O -mast O -cells O -was O -reduced O -to O -different O -levels O -by O -oligomycin O -, O -a O -good O -correlation O -was O -obtained O -between O -the O -ATP O -levels O -and O -the O -amounts O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -released O -by O -the O -anaphylactic O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -change O -in O -the O -ATP O -content O -was O -observed O -in O -untreated O -mast O -cells O -during O -the O -short O -period O -when O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -occurs O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -hyperthyroidism O -in O -pregnancy O -with O -propylthiouracil B-Chemical -and O -methimazole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -carcinoma O -of O -the O -cervix O -using O -111In B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bleomycin I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -it O -does O -not O -normally O -accumulate O -in O -bowel O -and O -feces O -, O -it O -is O -superior O -to O -other O -radiopharmaceuticals O -, O -such O -as O -gallium O -- O -67 O -citrate B-Chemical -, O -in O -the O -demonstration O -of O -abnormalities O -in O -the O -abdomen O -and O -pelvis O -. O - -aps B-category -Enhancement O -by O -hydrazine O -sulfate O -of O -antitumor O -effectiveness O -of O -cytoxan O -, O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -, O -methotrexate B-Chemical -and O -bleomycin B-Chemical -, O -in O -walker O -256 O -carcinosarcoma O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -technique O -of O -silver B-Chemical -impregnation O -for O -oligodendrocytes O -with O -potassium B-Chemical -dicyanoargentate O -by O -means O -of O -perfusion O -- O -fixation O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Egg O -production O -, O -liver O -lipid O -, O -and O -liver O -hemorrhagic O -score O -were O -not O -significantly O -altered O -by O -diets O -that O -contained O -inositol B-Chemical -( O -at O -1 O -or O -2 O -g O -. O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -vitamins O -B12 O -, O -choline B-Chemical -and O -E O -appeared O -to O -reduce O -FLHS O -and O -liver O -lipid O -in O -the O -one O -group O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -H O -77 O -/ O -77 O -produced O -hypermotility O -, O -which O -was O -reduced O -by O -oral O -pretreatment O -with O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -haloperidol B-Chemical -, O -clozapine B-Chemical -and O -thioridazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -both O -single O -and O -repeated O -administration O -the O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -showed O -H O -77 O -/ O -77 O -- O -antagonism O -in O -doses O -ranging O -from O -0 O -. O -1 O -- O -2 O -. O -0 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -2 O -neuroleptics B-Chemical -were O -potent O -H O -77 O -/ O -77 O -- O -antagonists O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -following O -determinations O -were O -performed O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -Body O -weight O -measurements O -as O -evidence O -of O -growth O -of O -the O -animals O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -The O -number O -of O -alveolar O -macrophages O -( O -AM O -) O -in O -the O -lung O -washings O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -Damage O -to O -the O -integrity O -of O -the O -cytoplasmic O -membrane O -of O -AM O -; O -( O -4 O -) O -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -( O -G6PD O -) O -in O -AM O -; O -( O -5 O -) O -The O -acid O -- O -base O -balance O -in O -the O -capillary O -blood O -of O -the O -rabbits O -. O - -aps B-category -Cromolyn O -sodium B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -asthma O -: O -its O -effectiveness O -and O -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -agree O -with O -previous O -reports O -on O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -cromolyn O -sodium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Evaluation O -of O -an O -amidolytic O -heparin B-Chemical -cofactor O -assay O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Competitive O -relations O -were O -revealed O -between O -the O -accumulation O -within O -cytoplasmic O -granules O -of O -thrombocytes O -of O -acridine O -orange O -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -and O -that O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -novocaine O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -discussed O -that O -some O -amount O -of O -the O -local O -anesthetic O -agent O -( O -mepivacaine B-Chemical -) O -was O -absorbed O -from O -the O -tissue O -elevating O -the O -blood O -level O -of O -local O -anesthetic O -drugs O -( O -aprindine O -and O -mepivacine O -) O -into O -the O -toxic O -range O -, O -thus O -producing O -cerebral O -convulsions O -, O -augmenting O -the O -stimulation O -threshold O -and O -depressing O -the O -automaticity O -of O -the O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -quantitative O -angiocardiography O -to O -evaluate O -left O -ventricular O -function O -, O -transseptal O -angiocardiography O -with O -injection O -into O -the O -left O -atrium O -is O -superior O -to O -retrograde O -direct O -ventriculography O -in O -our O -experience O -, O -as O -ventricular O -ectopic O -beats O -were O -absent O -and O -supraventricular O -ectopic O -beats O -as O -rare O -as O -5 O -% O -of O -the O -cases O -, O -local O -disturbances O -of O -wall O -motion O -during O -injection O -could O -be O -avoided O -and O -1 O -or O -2 O -more O -cycles O -could O -be O -evaluated O -before O -the O -depressant O -effect O -of O -contrast B-Chemical -medium I-Chemical -started O -. O - -aps B-category -Neisseria O -sicca O -forms O -an O -iodine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -positive I-Chemical -metabolic O -product O -when O -grown O -on O -Trypticase O -soy O -agar O -without O -the O -addition O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Communication O -: O -influence O -of O -growth O -phases O -on O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -synthesis O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -SR O -- O -mutant O -differs O -from O -the O -S O -- O -forms O -especially O -in O -that O -the O -rate O -of O -LPS O -synthesis O -and O -with O -it O -, O -the O -percent O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -cells O -, O -increase O -greatly O -in O -the O -exponential O -growth O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -methods O -are O -described O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -substances O -as O -sole O -source O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -for O -taxonomic O -tools O -: O -the O -Methylene O -- O -Blue O -- O -Reduction O -- O -Test O -and O -the O -Micro O -- O -TTC O -- O -Test O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -two O -components O -had O -a O -definite O -difference O -in O -electrostatic O -net O -charge O -and O -gave O -only O -a O -single O -band O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -displayed O -a O -biphasic O -effect O -, O -as O -concentrations O -below O -2 O -muM O -potentiated O -aggregation O -, O -whereas O -concentrations O -above O -it O -were O -inhibitory O -. O - -aps B-category -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -potentiated O -aggregation O -due O -to O -sub O -- O -threshold O -amounts O -of O -arachidonic O -acid O -, O -and O -this O -effect O -, O -but O -not O -that O -due O -to O -PGE2 B-Chemical -, O -was O -suppressed O -by O -the O -alpha O -- O -blocking O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -yield O -of O -rabbit O -aorta O -contracting O -activity O -formed O -during O -AA O -- O -induced O -aggregation O -was O -markedly O -reduced O -by O -PGE1 B-Chemical -, O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -and O -high O -concentrations O -of O -PGE2 B-Chemical -, O -and O -was O -increased O -by O -low O -concentrations O -of O -the O -latter O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -progression O -of O -amyloidosis O -associated O -with O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -and O -cytotoxic O -drug O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -rapid O -progression O -of O -the O -amyloidosis O -and O -further O -infections O -, O -cytotoxic O -drug O -therapy O -was O -stopped O -, O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -dosage O -was O -decreased O -, O -and O -supplementary O -immunoglobulin O -therapy O -was O -instituted O -. O - -aps B-category -Cataracts O -in O -bleomycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -and O -liver O -zinc B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -uptake O -by O -liver O -, O -seromucoid O -content O -, O -and O -alpha2 O -- O -macrofetoprotein O -production O -were O -measured O -in O -vaccinated O -as O -well O -as O -nonimmune O -rats O -exposed O -to O -either O -virulent O -( O -SCHU O -S4 O -) O -or O -attenuated O -( O -LVS O -) O -strains O -of O -Francisella O -tularensi O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -occurrence O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -redistribution O -in O -all O -instances O -of O -increased O -serum O -protein O -synthesis O -may O -imply O -a O -necessary O -relationship O -between O -these O -two O -sequelae O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -stain O -for O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -protein I-Chemical -complexes O -: O -its O -use O -with O -crustacean O -hemocyanins O -. O - -aps B-category -Like O -propranolol B-Chemical -TDI O -reduces O -the O -CAMP O -( O -cyclic O -AMP O -) O -stimulation O -produced O -by O -cathecolamines O -. O - -aps B-category -Arrhythmias O -in O -dogs O -associated O -with O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -thiamylal O -anesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzyme O -release O -( O -neutral O -proteases O -) O -by O -phagocytosing O -cells O -is O -inhibited O -by O -the O -antiinflammatory O -agents O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -and O -colchicine O -; O -these O -agents O -do O -not O -affect O -release O -of O -the O -collagenase O -precursor O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Synthesis O -of O -potential O -metabolites O -of O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -N O -- O -beta O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -2 O -, O -5 O -- O -dimethoxyphenethyl O -) O -- O -acetamide O -( O -midodrine O -) O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Progress O -in O -the O -chemotherapy O -of O -Hodgkin O -' O -s O -disease O -and O -experimental O -therapeutic O -, O -pharmacologic O -, O -and O -clinical O -studies O -of O -the O -antitumor O -antibiotic O -, O -adriamycin B-Chemical -, O -are O -presented O -in O -this O -abstract O -. O - -aps B-category -Adriamycin B-Chemical -has O -a O -broad O -spectrum O -of O -antitumor O -activity O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -lymphoma O -cells O -derived O -from O -the O -same O -parental O -cell O -line O -and O -morphologically O -indistinguishable O -, O -that O -have O -lost O -both O -surface O -and O -cytoplasmic O -antigenic O -expression O -were O -accepted O -and O -grew O -progressively O -at O -primary O -and O -metastatic O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -virus O -incorporated O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -uridine I-Chemical -into O -the O -nucleic O -acid O -and O -rested O -at O -a O -buoyant O -density O -of O -1 O -. O -14 O -- O -1 O -. O -16 O -g O -/ O -cm3 O -. O - -aps B-category -RNA O -- O -directed O -DNA O -synthesis O -by O -detergent O -- O -disrupted O -virions O -of O -Rous O -sarcoma O -virus O -( O -RSV O -) O -initiates O -by O -the O -covalent O -attachment O -of O -pdA O -to O -the O -3 O -' O -- O -terminal O -rA O -of O -a O -4S O -RNA O -hydrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bonded I-Chemical -to O -the O -70S O -RNA O -template O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -BLV O -precipitin O -antigen O -is O -analogous O -to O -the O -group O -specific O -( O -gs O -) O -antigens O -of O -the O -leukemia O -viruses O -of O -other O -species O -in O -that O -it O -is O -soluble O -, O -ether B-Chemical -resistant O -, O -and O -apparently O -located O -within O -the O -virion O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibitory O -effects O -of O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutases O -and O -various O -other O -proteins O -on O -the O -nitroblue O -tetrazolium O -reduction O -by O -phagocytizing O -guinea O -pig O -polymorphonuclear O -leukocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -amantadine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -on O -heart O -and O -circulation O -is O -studied O -in O -7 O -anesthetized O -, O -otherwise O -normal O -dogs O -with O -a O -mean O -body O -weight O -of O -27 O -. O -2 O -kg O -and O -in O -8 O -heart O -- O -lung O -preparations O -of O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -is O -caused O -by O -a O -liberation O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -the O -negative O -inotropic O -influence O -of O -the O -drug O -itself O -has O -to O -be O -distinguished O -from O -the O -indirect O -sympathomimetic O -effect O -resulting O -from O -local O -release O -of O -myocardial O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -endo O -- O -type O -, O -cyclising O -, O -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -forming I-Chemical -rebonuclease O -was O -purified O -to O -homogeneity O -from O -a O -water O -/ O -Tween O -80 O -extract O -of O -human O -hypertrophic O -prostate O -gland O -. O - -aps B-category -Molecular O -weight O -determined O -by O -gel O -filtration O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -75 O -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -gave O -a O -mean O -value O -of O -15 O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Affinity O -chromatography O -of O -galactose B-Chemical -containing O -biopolymers O -using O -covalently O -coupled O -Ricinus O -communis O -lectin O -to O -Sepharose O -4B O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Sepharose O -- O -lectin O -can O -be O -used O -for O -the O -purification O -of O -polysaccharides O -containing O -terminal O -nonreducing O -galactose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -experiments O -demonstrated O -that O -Sepharose O -- O -lectin O -interacts O -with O -glycoproteins O -through O -their O -terminal O -, O -non O -- O -reducing O -galactose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Deoxycytidine O -kinase O -, O -which O -phosphorylates O -deoxycytidine O -( O -CdR O -) O -and O -its O -analog O -, O -cytosine B-Chemical -arabinoside I-Chemical -( O -ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -) O -, O -has O -been O -purified O -71 O -- O -fold O -from O -human O -leukemic O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -phosphorylation O -was O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -CdR O -( O -Ki O -= O -0 O -. O -17 O -muM O -) O -and O -dCTP O -( O -Ki O -= O -7 O -. O -3 O -muM O -) O -and O -was O -weakly O -inhibited O -by O -ara O -- O -CTP O -( O -Ki O -= O -0 O -. O -13 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -30 O -years O -the O -thyrotoxic O -patient O -has O -been O -subjected O -to O -a O -plurality O -of O -treatments O -by O -surgery O -, O -radio B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iodine I-Chemical -and O -long O -term O -anti O -- O -thyroid O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thyroid I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -and O -thyroid O -hormones O -should O -be O -administered O -as O -the O -method O -of O -choice O -in O -preparing O -these O -patients O -for O -surgery O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -hundred O -surgical O -patients O -were O -studied O -, O -and O -clinical O -examination O -and O -the O -iodine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -125 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labelled I-Chemical -fibrinogen O -test O -used O -to O -assess O -the O -results O -. O - -aps B-category -Accumulations O -of O -silver B-Chemical -grains O -were O -observed O -overlying O -the O -injected O -ganglion O -cell O -bodies O -and O -labeled O -axons O -of O -the O -nerve O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -axoplasmic O -transport O -of O -the O -enzyme O -monoamine O -oxidase O -( O -MAO O -) O -( O -monoamine O -: O -O2 O -oxidoreductase O -, O -( O -deaminating O -) O -EC O -1 O -. O -4 O -. O -3 O -. O -4 O -) O -, O -a O -marker O -for O -mitochondria O -, O -and O -lactic O -dehydrogenase O -( O -LDH O -) O -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactate I-Chemical -: O -NAD O -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1927 O -) O -, O -a O -soluble O -component O -of O -axoplasm O -, O -was O -studied O -in O -cat O -sciatic O -nerve O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -arteries O -were O -processed O -through O -graded O -ethanols O -and O -coated O -with O -gold B-Chemical -paladium O -for O -the O -scanning O -electron O -microscope O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -chromic O -acid O -oxidation B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -silver I-Chemical -technique O -was O -used O -to O -localize O -polysaccharide O -material O -in O -Polycelis O -tenuis O -at O -the O -electron O -microscope O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -aldehyde B-Chemical -fuchsin O -and O -alcian O -blue O -staining O -of O -neurosecretory O -material O -in O -Oncopeltus O -fasciatus O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -hypothesis O -is O -proposed O -that O -the O -aldehyde B-Chemical -fuchsin O -is O -more O -sensitive O -to O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -" O -carrier O -" O -protein O -in O -the O -cell O -, O -whereas O -alcian O -blue O -8 O -GX O -is O -more O -sensitive O -to O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -" O -active O -principle O -" O -in O -the O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Metabolism O -and O -in O -vitro O -binding O -of O -several O -organochlorine O -and O -organophosphate B-Chemical -pesticides O -to O -calf O -thymus O -DNA O -and O -rat O -liver O -microsomal O -proteins O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -rats O -were O -treated O -by O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -or O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -, O -the O -metabolite O -binding O -to O -DNA O -was O -increased O -two O -- O -fold O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -protein O -- O -bound O -iodine B-Chemical -and O -thyroid O -hormone O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -utilization O -of O -intravaginal O -rings O -as O -vehicles O -for O -the O -administration O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -hormones O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Preliminary O -studies O -have O -been O -promising O -, O -especially O -with O -r O -ings O -containing O -C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -19 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nor I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -testosterone I-Chemical -gestagens O -, O -and O -further O -research O -in O -this O -area O -of O -contraception O -is O -encouraged O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -fixed O -chromatin O -was O -treated O -with O -saline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -at O -60 O -degrees O -C O -for O -3 O -hours O -, O -as O -used O -for O -G O -- O -banding O -chromosomes O -, O -the O -r O -value O -decreased O -from O -0 O -. O -83 O -to O -0 O -. O -55 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -no O -significant O -ampiltude O -changes O -in O -cortical O -and O -subcortical O -early O -components O -were O -found O -when O -patients O -shifted O -through O -these O -various O -" O -task O -relevance O -" O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -non O -- O -dialyzed O -patient O -population O -with O -renal O -failure O -, O -slowing O -in O -the O -EEG O -was O -found O -to O -be O -directly O -corelated O -with O -increased O -creatinine B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -A O -controlled O -trial O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -valproate I-Chemical -in O -severe O -epilepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Sodium B-Chemical -valproate B-Chemical -( O -Epilim O -) O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -intractable O -epilepsy O -, O -including O -some O -observations O -on O -blood O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -A O -quantitative O -investigation O -into O -the O -effects O -of O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -, O -diazepan O -and O -quinalbarbitone O -on O -the O -EEG O -and O -visual O -evoked O -potential O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Influence O -of O -a O -single O -intravenous O -dose O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -on O -to O -EEG O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Influence O -of O -pentobarbital B-Chemical -on O -cortical O -penicillin B-Chemical -focus O -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Editorial O -: O -The O -use O -of O -lead B-Chemical -alkyl O -anti O -- O -knock O -additives O -in O -gasoline O -. O - -aps B-category -Rifamazine O -is O -active O -also O -against O -DNA O -- O -dependent O -RNA O -polymerase O -extracted O -from O -rifampicin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -mutants O -of O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -show O -that O -the O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -rifamazine O -is O -more O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -rifampicin B-Chemical -than O -to O -that O -of O -the O -octyloxime O -derivative O -. O - -aps B-category -Non O -- O -helical O -peptide O -fragments O -were O -isolated O -from O -rabbit O -skin O -collagen O -after O -cleavage O -of O -alpha O -chains O -with O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -and O -proteases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -C O -- O -terminal O -sequence O -Tyr O -- O -Tyr O -hitherto O -considered O -as O -the O -genuine O -end O -of O -collagen O -alpha1 O -chain O -is O -in O -part O -of O -rabbit O -collagen O -extended O -by O -two O -residues O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -and O -arginine O -. O - -aps B-category -Reproductive O -and O -behavioral O -control O -in O -the O -male O -and O -female O -cat O -with O -progestins B-Chemical -: O -long O -- O -term O -field O -observations O -in O -individual O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbohydrate O -metabolism O -was O -examined O -- O -- O -by O -means O -of O -the O -100 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -gm I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -standard O -tolerance O -test O -- O -- O -in O -23 O -patients O -showing O -a O -decrease O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -during O -pregnancy O -; O -the O -examinations O -were O -carried O -out O -postpartum O -and O -after O -a O -three O -months O -' O -intake O -of O -a O -hormonal O -contraceptive O -( O -compound O -preparation O -: O -mestranol O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -, O -lynestrenol O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbohydrate O -metabolism O -was O -examined O -( O -100 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -gm I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -standard O -tolerance O -test O -) O -in O -23 O -patients O -showing O -a O -decrease O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -during O -pregnancy O -; O -the O -examinations O -were O -carried O -out O -postpartum O -and O -after O -a O -3 O -months O -' O -intake O -of O -a O -hormonal O -contraceptive O -( O -compound O -preparation O -; O -mestranol O -. O -1 O -mg O -, O -lynestrenol O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Bikaverin O -, O -cyanein O -, O -scopathricin O -and O -phenethyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -retard O -the O -germination O -of O -conidia O -, O -without O -inhibiting O -it O -completely O -. O - -aps B-category -Ramihyphin O -A O -, O -cyanein O -, O -scopathricin O -and O -zygosporin O -A O -stimulate O -the O -ramification O -of O -hyphae O -while O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -and O -phenethyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -do O -not O -affect O -the O -myceliar O -morphology O -apart O -from O -their O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -is O -very O -conspicuous O -when O -the O -agent O -is O -present O -during O -the O -photoinduction O -but O -considerably O -weaker O -when O -it O -is O -applied O -2 O -h O -after O -the O -photoinduction O -. O - -aps B-category -Polymorphisms O -were O -found O -in O -the O -third O -component O -of O -complement O -, O -group O -- O -specific O -component O -, O -glycine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -rich I-Chemical -beta O -- O -glycoprotein O -, O -alpha1 O -- O -antitrypsin O -, O -phosphoglucomutase O -, O -6 O -- O -phosphogluconate O -dehydrogenase O -, O -adenylate O -kinase O -, O -superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -, O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -and O -phosphohexose O -isomerase O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Some O -effects O -of O -an O -average O -term O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -on O -the O -microsomal O -enzymes O -in O -the O -liver O -of O -the O -rat O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -chromosomes O -and O -interphase O -nuclei O -labeled O -with O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -and O -treated O -with O -the O -ASG O -and O -trypsin O -technique O -for O -G O -banding O -show O -no O -DNA O -loss O -. O - -aps B-category -Autoradiography O -after O -labelling O -with O -tritiated O -thymidine B-Chemical -showed O -that O -the O -fibres O -contained O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Effector O -cells O -in O -peripheral O -blood O -responsible O -for O -the O -cytotoxic O -raction O -were O -examined O -by O -cell O -separation O -methods O -based O -on O -red O -cell O -rosette O -formation O -and O -separation O -through O -Hypaque B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Ficoll I-Chemical -mixtures O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -renin O -activity O -and O -plasma O -aldosterone B-Chemical -concentration O -were O -lowered O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -combined O -therapy O -with O -spironolactone B-Chemical -, O -methyldopa B-Chemical -and O -clonidine B-Chemical -, O -the O -blood O -pressure O -was O -significantly O -lowered O -, O -but O -not O -normalized O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -six O -months O -of O -hypotensive O -drug O -therapy O -, O -the O -patient O -' O -s O -mother O -reported O -that O -her O -daughter O -consumed O -for O -more O -than O -seven O -years O -high O -doses O -of O -special O -nasal O -drops O -containing O -, O -beside O -ephedrine B-Chemical -and O -naphazoline B-Chemical -, O -the O -potent O -mineralocorticoid O -9 O -- O -alpha O -- O -fluoroprednisolone O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -application O -of O -the O -mineralocorticoid O -was O -stopped O -, O -and O -only O -a O -slight O -low B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -diet O -had O -to O -be O -added O -to O -restore O -the O -long O -- O -standing O -elevated O -blood O -pressure O -to O -normal O - -aps B-category -The O -decrease O -in O -serum O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -is O -due O -to O -augumented O -uricosuria O -. O - -aps B-category -Ammonium O -chloride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -metabolic O -acidosis O -decreases O -the O -growth O -of O -various O -experimental O -tumors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulation I-Chemical -test O -in O -patients O -with O -solitary O -hot O -nodules O -of O -the O -thyroid O -gland O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -Escherichia O -coli O -aminoacyl O -- O -tRNA O -synthetases O -were O -used O -to O -acylate O -S O -. O -antibioticus O -tRNA O -' O -s O -, O -it O -was O -observed O -that O -, O -per O -absorbance O -unit O -of O -tRNA O -, O -the O -tRNA O -' O -s O -from O -48 O -- O -h O -cells O -had O -a O -lower O -ability O -to O -accept O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -leucine B-Chemical -, O -serine O -, O -pheynlalanine O -, O -methionine B-Chemical -, O -and O -valine O -than O -did O -the O -tRNA O -' O -s O -from O -12 O -- O -h O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -determine O -whether O -ribosome O -- O -associated O -factors O -were O -responsible O -for O -the O -relative O -inefficiency O -of O -the O -ribosomes O -from O -48 O -- O -h O -cells O -in O -translation O -, O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -washed I-Chemical -ribosomes O -from O -12 O -- O -and O -48 O -- O -h O -cells O -were O -examined O -for O -their O -abilities O -to O -catalyze O -polyphenylalanine O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -the O -proteins O -of O -salt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -washed I-Chemical -ribosomes O -of O -the O -two O -cell O -types O -by O -acrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -suggests O -that O -the O -relative O -amounts O -of O -individual O -proteins O -present O -on O -ribosomes O -from O -12 O -- O -h O -cells O -are O -different O -from O -the O -amounts O -present O -on O -ribosomes O -from O -48 O -- O -h O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -relationship O -between O -the O -number O -of O -components O -present O -in O -the O -total O -basic O -protein O -, O -the O -phosphorus B-Chemical -and O -phosphoamino O -acid O -contents O -of O -the O -components O -, O -and O -the O -changes O -in O -relative O -electrophoretic O -mobility O -of O -the O -components O -which O -accompanied O -their O -phosphorylation O -and O -dephosphorylation O -we O -conclude O -that O -in O -the O -native O -basic O -protein O -no O -more O -than O -two O -sites O -in O -any O -polypeptide O -chain O -are O -phosphorylated O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -this O -enzyme O -readily O -hydrolyzed O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -glucopyranoside O -( O -Km O -= O -0 O -. O -88 O -mM O -) O -and O -cleaved O -two O -glucose B-Chemical -disaccharides O -: O -gentiobiose O -( O -beta O -, O -1 O -leads O -to O -6 O -; O -Km O -= O -0 O -. O -75 O -mM O -) O -and O -cellobiose O -( O -beta O -, O -1 O -leads O -to O -4 O -; O -Km O -= O -0 O -. O -84 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -model O -of O -the O -mechanism O -by O -which O -cAMP B-Chemical -modulates O -cell O -shape O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -Glycerol O -gradient O -ultracentrifugations O -were O -performed O -, O -using O -cytosol O -labeled O -at O -0 O -C O -with O -2 O -- O -5 O -nM O -3H O -- O -17beta O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -androstan O -- O -3 O -- O -one O -( O -androstanolone O -or O -dihydrotestosterone O -) O -alone O -, O -or O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -50 O -- O -250 O -- O -fold O -excess O -of O -androstanolone O -, O -estradiol B-Chemical -, O -or O -androstane O -- O -3alpha O -, O -17beta O -- O -diol O -( O -androstanediol O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -sedimentation O -coefficient O -was O -8 O -S O -in O -low B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -one O -case O -, O -endogenous O -androstanolone O -found O -in O -the O -8 O -S O -region O -of O -glycerol O -gradients O -was O -measured O -by O -radioimmunoassay O -, O -and O -it O -was O -calculated O -that O -more O -than O -90 O -% O -of O -the O -cytosol O -receptor O -binding O -sites O -might O -be O -occupied O -by O -this O -steroid B-Chemical -while O -the O -total O -binding O -capacity O -of O -the O -8 O -S O -receptor O -was O -estimated O -to O -approximate O -2 O -. O -6 O -pmol O -of O -androstanolone O -/ O -g O -of O -prostate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -binding O -component O -was O -attributable O -, O -at O -least O -in O -part O -, O -to O -the O -sex O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -plasma O -protein O -( O -SBP O -) O -, O -as O -indicated O -by O -its O -sedimentation O -coefficient O -( O -congruent O -to O -4 O -S O -in O -low O -salt B-Chemical -medium O -) O -, O -its O -high O -affinity O -for O -androstanolone O -and O -androstanediol O -and O -its O -lower O -affinity O -for O -estradiol B-Chemical -, O -and O -finally O -, O -its O -migration O -on O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -androstanolone O -/ O -testosterone B-Chemical -ratio O -in O -the O -receptor O -- O -containing O -peak O -was O -high O -( O -1 O -. O -7 O -) O -, O -whereas O -in O -the O -incubation O -medium O -it O -was O -very O -low O -( O -0 O -. O -08 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -deoxyribonucleic O -acid O -polymerase O -assay O -was O -used O -to O -detect O -type O -- O -C O -viruses O -in O -live O -virus O -vaccines O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -technique O -differs O -significantly O -from O -other O -high B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -methods O -in O -that O -the O -virus O -is O -not O -precipitated O -from O -suspension O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -in O -sections O -of O -the O -blocks O -treated O -with O -RDC O -were O -no O -acid O -alcohol B-Chemical -fast O -bacilli O -demonstrable O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -of O -glycogen O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -to O -anaphylactic O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -chopped O -sensitized O -guinea O -pig O -lung O -in O -vitro O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Removal O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -from O -the O -medium O -for O -tissue O -suspension O -resulted O -in O -reduction O -in O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -( O -1 O -) O -glycogen O -may O -be O -one O -of O -the O -ultimate O -energy O -sources O -for O -anaphylactic O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -, O -and O -( O -2 O -) O -the O -presence O -of O -adequate O -amounts O -of O -glycogen O -and O -/ O -or O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -the O -sensitized O -tissue O -is O -necessary O -for O -the O -normal O -beta O -adrenergic O -effects O -on O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -in O -vitro O -from O -sensitized O -lung O -fragments O -. O - -aps B-category -Modification O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -by O -glycogenolytic O -metabolites O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -lower O -concentrations O -, O -pyruvic O -acid O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -, O -as O -well O -as O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -, O -enhanced O -the O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -actions O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -, O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -were O -influenced O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -and O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -did O -not O -have O -this O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -cadmium O -on O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -was O -studied O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -role O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Spontaneous O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -was O -not O -affected O -by O -cadmium O -except O -for O -an O -enhancement O -observed O -in O -high O -concentrations O -( O -greater O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -10 O -( O -- O -3 O -) O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -the O -level O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -the O -medium O -could O -antagonize O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -cadmium O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -would O -indicate O -that O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -cadmium O -acts O -as O -an O -antagonist O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -can O -be O -used O -for O -the O -study O -of O -the O -role O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -, O -( O -2 O -) O -the O -action O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -reaction O -seems O -to O -be O -related O -to O -the O -microtubular O -system O -, O -( O -3 O -) O -cyclic O -AMP O -may O -potentiate O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -when O -the O -action O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -is O -inhibited O -. O - -aps B-category -Stoichiometry O -of O -the O -aldehyde B-Chemical -fuchsin O -staining O -reaction O -for O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -degree O -of O -inhibition O -was O -directly O -related O -to O -the O -number O -of O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -or O -carboxyl O -groups O -that O -were O -blocked O -. O - -aps B-category -Preincubation O -of O -human O -lung O -fragments O -with O -cysteine B-Chemical -for O -2 O -. O -5 O -to O -5 O -. O -0 O -min O -resulted O -in O -dose O -- O -dependent O -, O -selective O -enhancement O -of O -the O -antigen O -- O -induced O -or O -anti O -- O -IgE O -- O -induced O -formation O -and O -release O -of O -slow O -reacting O -substance O -of O -anaphylaxis O -( O -SRS O -- O -A O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Sulfhydryl O -alkylated O -derivatives O -of O -cysteine B-Chemical -were O -ineffective O -. O - -aps B-category -Purified O -mast O -cells O -from O -the O -infected O -animals O -released O -histamine B-Chemical -upon O -exposure O -to O -NB O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -Dose O -- O -reponse O -curves O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -suggested O -that O -mast O -cells O -from O -NB O -- O -infected O -animals O -bear O -more O -IgE O -molecules O -than O -normal O -mast O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -BALB O -/ O -c O -and O -SJL O -mice O -were O -treated O -with O -nucleosides B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -IgG1 I-Chemical -as O -a O -tolerogen O -, O -before O -either O -primary O -or O -secondary O -immunization O -with O -nucleosides B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -keyhole I-Chemical -limpet O -hemocyanin O -. O - -aps B-category -Multiple O -doses O -of O -nucleosides B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -IgG1 I-Chemical -tolerogen O -given O -before O -the O -primary O -or O -secondary O -immunization O -effectively O -suppressed O -the O -secondary O -and O -tertiary O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nucleoside I-Chemical -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -Suppression O -of O -the O -secondary O -response O -of O -SJL O -mice O -was O -measured O -much O -more O -readily O -by O -binding O -of O -nucleosides B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -131 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -I I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -BSA I-Chemical -than O -by O -binding O -of O -denatured O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -an O -endogenous O -virus O -of O -the O -baboon O -failed O -to O -cross O -- O -react O -, O -suggesting O -that O -viruses O -of O -this O -latter O -group O -are O -less O -immunologically O -related O -to O -the O -others O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -PETLES O -from O -immunized O -mice O -were O -stimulated O -in O -microtiter O -cultures O -with O -the O -immunizing O -antigen O -, O -large O -degrees O -of O -proliferation O -ensued O -as O -measured O -by O -incorporation O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -5 O -days O -after O -initiation O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -Le O -rats O -produce O -small O -amounts O -of O -antibody O -and O -a O -cell O -- O -mediated O -immune O -response O -against O -GPEF O -; O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -BN O -rats O -did O -neither O -. O - -aps B-category -Protein O -concentration O -in O -both O -increases O -during O -gestation O -; O -glucose B-Chemical -decreases O -in O -amniotic O -fluid O -although O -it O -rises O -in O -fetal O -plasms O -; O -urea B-Chemical -levels O -remain O -constant O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -characterized O -by O -physical O -, O -chemical O -and O -enzymic O -methods O -as O -a O -glycogen O -with O -an O -average O -chain O -length O -of O -14 O -to O -16 O -glucose B-Chemical -units O -. O - -aps B-category -Large O -dense O -core O -vesicles O -( O -LDV O -) O -were O -purified O -from O -bovine O -splenic O -nerve O -homogenates O -by O -the O -sucrose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D2O I-Chemical -density O -gradient O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Control O -vesicles O -with O -a O -mean O -diameter O -of O -717 O -A O -readily O -swelled O -to O -approximately O -1050 O -A O -and O -shrunk O -to O -approximately O -600 O -A O -in O -the O -hypotonic O -and O -hypertonic O -media O -, O -respectively O -, O -with O -either O -sucrose B-Chemical -or O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activities O -of O -glycogen O -phosphorylase O -, O -triosephosphate O -dehydrogenase O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -alpha O -- O -glycerophosphate O -dehydrogenase O -were O -found O -to O -be O -highest O -in O -the O -normal O -brachial O -biceps O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -activities O -of O -glycogen O -phosphorylase O -, O -triosephosphate O -dehydrogenase O -, O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -alpha O -- O -glycerophosphate O -dehydrogenase O -, O -decreased O -rapidly O -during O -the O -first O -2 O -months O -after O -denervation O -in O -the O -brachial O -biceps O -, O -deltoid O -and O -anterior O -tibial O -muscle O -, O -whereas O -the O -decrease O -was O -slight O -during O -the O -following O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -in O -- O -patient O -studies O -, O -together O -with O -contrast B-Chemical -methods O -, O -and O -for O -out O -- O -patient O -examinations O -with O -X O -- O -ray O -, O -EEG O -, O -and O -echoencephalography O -, O -brain O -scanning O -improves O -the O -diagnostic O -possibilities O -to O -a O -large O -extent O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -removal O -of O -the O -contrast B-Chemical -medium I-Chemical -, O -the O -CSF O -became O -normal O -in O -both O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Gallium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -67 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -scanning O -in O -primary O -cancer O -of O -the O -liver O -: O -diagnostic O -value O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -cirrhosis O -and O -relation O -to O -alpha O -- O -fetoprotein O -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -of O -111In B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bleomycin I-Chemical -and O -111 O -In O -- O -chlorides O -in O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Indium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -111 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -, O -pH O -1 O -. O -5 O -, O -gave O -a O -maximum O -tumor O -uptake O -of O -18 O -. O -5 O -% O -dose O -per O -gram O -tumor O -, O -a O -maximum O -tumor O -- O -to O -- O -brain O -ratio O -of O -17 O -. O -0 O -, O -and O -a O -maximum O -tumor O -- O -to O -- O -blood O -ratio O -of O -4 O -. O -4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -labeling O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -with O -111In O -results O -in O -a O -tracer O -with O -localizing O -properties O -in O -this O -tumor O -model O -which O -are O -quite O -different O -from O -those O -obtained O -with O -111In O -as O -chloride B-Chemical -or O -that O -labeled O -to O -bleomycin B-Chemical -would O -appear O -to O -have O -significant O -potential O -as O -agents O -for O -imaging O -tumors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -keratohyalin O -granules O -stained O -intensely O -with O -Pauly O -' O -s O -reagent O -, O -Congo O -red O -and O -Harris O -hematoxylin B-Chemical -, O -indicating O -the O -presence O -of O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -four O -genetically O -stable O -temperature O -- O -sensitive O -mutants O -of O -measles O -virus O -were O -isolated O -after O -mutangenesis O -by O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -, O -5 O -fluorouracil B-Chemical -, O -or O -proflavine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -virus O -particles O -isolated O -from O -the O -tissue O -culture O -medium O -of O -BUdR O -- O -induced O -guniea O -pig O -cells O -have O -the O -following O -properties O -in O -common O -with O -MMTV O -: O -( O -i O -) O -a O -buoyant O -density O -of O -1 O -. O -18 O -g O -/ O -ml O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -and O -1 O -. O -21 O -g O -/ O -ml O -in O -CsCl O -, O -and O -( O -ii O -) O -a O -DNA O -polymerase O -that O -prefers O -Mg2 O -+ O -over O -Mn2 O -+ O -in O -an O -assay O -using O -the O -synthetic O -template O -poly O -( O -rC O -) O -: O -oligo O -( O -dG O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -the O -endogenous O -and O -exogenous O -DNA O -polymerase O -activities O -exhibited O -up O -to O -10 O -- O -fold O -greater O -activity O -at O -the O -optimum O -concentration O -of O -manganous O -ion O -( O -0 O -. O -025 O -mM O -for O -exogenous O -; O -0 O -. O -25 O -mM O -for O -endogenous O -) O -than O -at O -any O -concentration O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -ion O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Bacteriological O -studies O -of O -butirosin O -sulfate O -, O -a O -new O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -antibiotic O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Clinical O -evaluation O -of O -scintigraphy O -for O -neoplasms O -with O -57 O -Co B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bleomycin I-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -continuous O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -luteinizing O -hormone O -- O -release O -hormone O -in O -conjunction O -with O -physiological O -or O -pharmacolog O -ical O -doses O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -( O -E2 O -) O -, O -progesterone B-Chemical -( O -P O -) O -, O -17alphaOH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -progesterone I-Chemical -( O -17 O -- O -P O -) O -, O -20alphaOH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -progesterone I-Chemical -( O -20 O -- O -P O -) O -, O -chlormadinone O -acetate O -( O -CA O -) O -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -( O -T O -) O -and O -5alpha O -- O -dihydrotestosterone O -( O -5 O -- O -DHT O -) O -on O -pituitary O -response O -was O -evaluated O -in O -normal O -and O -postmenopausal O -women O -, O -normal O -men O -, O -and O -1 O -patient O -with O -Klinefelter O -' O -s O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -that O -sex O -steroids B-Chemical -can O -modulate O -the O -hypothalamic O -- O -pituitary O -axis O -, O -though O -estradiol B-Chemical -by O -itself O -does O -not O -appear O -to O -increase O -the O -pituitary O -response O -to O -LH O -- O -RH O -since O -it O -is O -not O -solely O -responsible O -for O -the O -pituitary O -responsiveness O -to O -LH O -- O -RH O -at O -the O -mid O -- O -luteal O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -Total O -consumption O -and O -blood O -alcohol B-Chemical -concentration O -depended O -primarily O -on O -duration O -of O -the O -occasion O -, O -which O -in O -turn O -was O -related O -to O -size O -of O -the O -drinking O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -she O -had O -a O -very O -large O -body B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -pool O -she O -degraded O -no O -more O -urea B-Chemical -than O -healthy O -individuals O -on O -a O -normal O -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -HBsAg B-Chemical -on O -cell O -membrane O -in O -symptom O -- O -free O -carrier O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Essential O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -cystic O -fibrosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Thereafter O -they O -were O -anticoagulated O -first O -with O -heparin B-Chemical -and O -then O -for O -a O -year O -with O -oral O -anticoagulants O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -prospective O -study O -of O -thirty O -- O -two O -children O -with O -seizures O -treated O -with O -phenytoin B-Chemical -( O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -) O -, O -five O -had O -low O -levels O -of O -serum O -- O -IgA O -before O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -changes O -in O -thyroid O -function O -in O -patients O -treated O -with O -radioactive O -iodine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Trial O -of O -digoxin B-Chemical -in O -mania O -. O - -aps B-category -Digoxin B-Chemical -had O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -folate B-Chemical -deficiency O -with O -pancytopenia O -and O -megaloblastic O -haemopoiesis O -developed O -in O -four O -patients O -after O -abdominal O -operations O -; O -all O -four O -responded O -to O -folic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -over O -3 O -- O -9 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -prospective O -study O -of O -twenty O -- O -five O -surgical O -patients O -with O -gastrointestinal O -diseases O -revealed O -a O -high O -frequency O -of O -acutely O -developing O -negative O -folate B-Chemical -balance O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -surgical O -patients O -develop O -acute O -folate B-Chemical -deficiency O -which O -may O -proceed O -to O -megaloblastic O -arrest O -of O -haemopoiesis O -. O - -aps B-category -is O -characterised O -by O -low O -serum O -levels O -of O -essential O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -E O -. O -F O -. O -A O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -1972 O -, O -however O -, O -a O -gradual O -decrease O -in O -the O -number O -of O -methicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -organisms O -has O -been O -observed O -, O -with O -an O -unprecedented O -low O -of O -3 O -% O -in O -1975 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -penicillinase O -- O -resistant O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotics O -in O -hospitals O -does O -not O -seem O -to O -play O -a O -major O -role O -in O -the O -distribution O -and O -spread O -or O -in O -the O -disappearance O -of O -this O -strain O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Steroid B-Chemical -therapy O -and O -the O -adrenals O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Salicylate B-Chemical -ingestion O -in O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diagnostic O -accuracy O -of O -computerised O -transverse O -axial O -tomography O -in O -conjunction O -with O -enhancement O -of O -tissue O -density O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -iothalamate O -was O -assessed O -in O -438 O -patients O -, O -256 O -of O -them O -having O -intracranial O -tumours O -and O -182 O -having O -other O -intracranial O -disorders O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -thrombi O -remained O -unchanged O -in O -each O -of O -5 O -patients O -who O -received O -the O -same O -doses O -of O -streptokinase O -infusion O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -Acute O -effects O -of O -smoking B-Chemical -tobacco O -and O -a O -tobacco O -substitute O -on O -lung O -function O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -smoking B-Chemical -either O -one O -conventional O -tobacco O -cigarette O -or O -the O -30 O -% O -NSM O -/ O -70 O -% O -tobacco O -cigarette O -produced O -an O -acute O -fall O -in O -specific O -airways O -conductance O -, O -of O -similar O -degree O -with O -both O -cigarettes O -, O -whereas O -the O -100 O -% O -NSM O -cigarette O -produced O -no O -such O -change O -. O - -aps B-category -Inexplicably O -high O -death O -- O -rates O -from O -ischaemic O -heart O -- O -disease O -and O -high O -levels O -of O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cholesterol I-Chemical -in O -Finland O -may O -be O -due O -to O -the O -combined O -effects O -of O -HLA O -- O -8 O -and O -W15 O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -prolyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -amide O -( O -P O -. O -L O -. O -G O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -A O -previous O -hypothesis O -in O -which O -myasthenia O -gravis O -was O -explained O -by O -an O -immune O -response O -to O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptors O -has O -been O -validated O -, O -and O -is O -here O -extended O -to O -cell O -receptors O -in O -general O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Zinc O -deficiency O -and O -cellular O -immune O -deficiency O -in O -acrodermatitis O -enteropathica O -in O -man O -and O -zinc B-Chemical -deficiency O -with O -thymic O -hypoplasia O -in O -fresian O -calves O -: O -a O -possible O -genetic O -link O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Early O -onset O -of O -daunorubicin B-Chemical -( O -daunomycin O -) O -cardiotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Purity O -of O -methotrexate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Beta O -- O -sitosterol O -and O -chenodeoxycholic O -acid O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -gallstones O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -program O -for O -investigating O -the O -stimulus O -forming O -and O -excitation O -conduction O -systems O -of O -the O -human O -heart O -by O -programmed O -stimulation O -and O -intracardiac O -lead B-Chemical -, O -with O -its O -most O -important O -clinical O -indications O -, O -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -e O -Antigen O -in O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carrier I-Chemical -mothers O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -high O -activity O -was O -found O -with O -complete O -protein O -and O -with O -region O -89 O -- O -169 O -; O -both O -peptide O -43 O -- O -115 O -, O -tyr O -( O -modified O -at O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residue O -67 O -) O -and O -HNB O -- O -89 O -- O -169 O -( O -modified O -at O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residue O -115 O -) O -showed O -a O -moderate O -but O -clear O -- O -cut O -activity O -, O -whereas O -that O -of O -peptide O -1 O -- O -42 O -was O -very O -faint O -. O - -aps B-category -Over O -70 O -percent O -of O -the O -transported O -material O -is O -soluble O -only O -in O -media O -possessing O -detergents O -such O -as O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -Differentiation O -of O -silver B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -calciumsalt I-Chemical -staining O -methods O -using O -a O -photographic O -reducer O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -carbidopa B-Chemical -combined O -with O -levodopa B-Chemical -( O -carbidopa B-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -levodopa I-Chemical -) O -and O -levodopa B-Chemical -alone O -on O -the O -cardiovascular O -system O -of O -patients O -with O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -were O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -arrhythmias O -did O -not O -correlate O -with O -the O -dose O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -significant O -difference O -in O -the O -severity O -of O -ventricular O -arrhythmias O -or O -in O -the O -incidence O -of O -orthostatic O -hypotension O -in O -the O -group O -assigned O -to O -carbidopa B-Chemical -/ I-Chemical -levodopa I-Chemical -compared O -with O -the O -group O -receiving O -levodopa B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -no O -significant O -differences O -in O -the O -capacity O -or O -sites O -of O -binding O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thyroxine I-Chemical -to O -serum O -proteins O -although O -greater O -amounts O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thyroxine I-Chemical -were O -bound O -to O -globulin O -fractions O -in O -the O -dwarf O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -values O -of O -cDNA O -hybridized O -at O -saturation O -with O -various O -kappa O -- O -type O -mRNAs O -indicate O -that O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -the O -cDNA O -is O -complementary O -to O -the O -entire O -constant O -region O -and O -to O -about O -half O -of O -the O -variable O -( O -V O -) O -- O -region O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -V O -- O -regions O -of O -similar O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -are O -coded O -by O -a O -similar O -nucleotide B-Chemical -sequence O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -the O -nucleic O -acid O -probe O -to O -one O -V O -- O -region O -may O -anneal O -and O -quantify O -V O -- O -region O -genes O -of O -members O -of O -the O -same O -subgroup O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ability O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -tRNA O -( O -tRNATrp O -) O -to O -initiate O -reverse O -transcription O -of O -the O -70S O -RNA O -of O -avian O -RNA O -tumor O -viruses O -suggested O -that O -the O -reverse O -transcriptase O -( O -RNA O -- O -dependent O -DNA O -polymerase O -; O -deoxynucleosidetriphosphate O -: O -DNA O -deoxynucleotidyltransferase O -; O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -7 O -. O -7 O -) O -might O -have O -a O -specific O -binding O -site O -for O -the O -tRNA O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Synergism O -of O -the O -toxic O -effects O -of O -Tween O -and O -Lindane B-Chemical -on O -thrombocytes O -and O -leucocytes O -in O -frog O -blood O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -shown O -previously O -that O -in O -the O -differentiation O -of O -fetal O -liver O -cells O -to O -mature O -B O -cells O -in O -irradiated O -hosts O -, O -these O -cells O -sequentially O -gain O -responsiveness O -to O -the O -polyclonal O -B O -- O -cell O -activators O -dextran B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sulphate I-Chemical -( O -DxS O -) O -, O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -( O -LPS O -) O -, O -and O -purified O -protein O -derivative O -from O -tuberculin O -( O -PPD O -) O -, O -in O -that O -order O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -studied O -the O -effects O -of O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -( O -LPS O -) O -on O -the O -primary O -in O -vivo O -immune O -response O -to O -the O -hapten O -( O -4 O -- O -hydroxy O -- O -3 O -, O -5 O -- O -dinitrophenyl O -) O -acetyl O -( O -NNP O -) O -, O -with O -special O -reference O -to O -the O -avidity O -and O -affinity O -of O -the O -early O -appearing O -19S O -and O -7S O -antibodies O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -chenodeoxycholic O -acid O -, O -deoxycholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -and O -their O -taurine O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -conjugates O -in O -concentrations O -of O -3 O -. O -33 O -mumole O -/ O -ml O -of O -a O -mixture O -of O -rheumatoid O -synovial O -fluid O -and O -plasmin O -resulted O -in O -complete O -plasmin O -degradation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bile O -acids O -are O -thought O -to O -influence O -the O -fibrin O -/ O -fibrinogen O -degradation O -products O -by O -unfolding O -the O -protein O -at O -a O -molecular O -level O -, O -by O -virtue O -of O -their O -properties O -as O -steroid B-Chemical -detergents O -, O -leaving O -the O -fibrin O -/ O -fibrinogen O -degradation O -products O -susceptible O -to O -plasmin O -digestion O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -chromosome O -preparations O -were O -treated O -with O -a O -group O -of O -anthracycline B-Chemical -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Histamine B-Chemical -and O -radiation O -- O -induced O -taste O -aversion O -conditioning O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -of O -these O -differences O -may O -be O -due O -to O -the O -destruction O -of O -certain O -antigens O -by O -phenol B-Chemical -, O -while O -others O -seem O -to O -reflect O -basic O -antigenic O -differences O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -" O -soluble O -antigen O -" O -of O -R O -. O -prowazeki O -( O -Breinl O -strain O -) O -, O -R O -. O -typhi O -( O -Wilmington O -strain O -) O -and O -R O -. O -canada O -were O -purified O -at O -25 O -% O -saturation O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -( O -PSA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specificity O -of O -these O -antibodies O -was O -studied O -and O -it O -revealed O -that O -M O -. O -lysodeikticus O -contains O -2 O -major O -antigens O -: O -both O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -N I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aminomannuronic I-Chemical -acid O -polymer O -obtained O -by O -formamide O -extraction O -of O -the O -cell O -walls O -and O -peptidoglycan O -solubilized O -by O -ultrasonic O -treatment O -gave O -precipitin O -reactions O -with O -hyperimmune O -antisera O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibodies O -to O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mannose I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -polymer I-Chemical -and O -the O -peptidoglycan O -were O -specifically O -fractionated O -by O -use O -of O -immunoadsorbents O -formed O -from O -lysozyme O -solubilized O -cell O -walls O -and O -activated O -Sepharose O -. O - -aps B-category -Anhydrous O -aluminum B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -and O -anhydrous O -zirconium O -tetrachloride O -are O -shown O -to O -be O -superior O -topical O -agents O -for O -partial O -control O -of O -axillary O -sweating O -when O -applied O -as O -a O -powder O -or O -in O -anhydrous O -nonreactive O -vehicles O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -natively O -- O -insoluble O -proteins O -of O -the O -particulate O -fraction O -were O -solubilized O -either O -with O -desoxycholate O -or O -alkaline O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -biopsy O -in O -methotrexate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -psoriatics O -- O -a O -re O -- O -evalution O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -56 O -psoriatics O -included O -in O -this O -study O -both O -pre O -- O -and O -post B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methotrexate I-Chemical -biopsies O -were O -performed O -, O -the O -average O -methotrexate B-Chemical -dose O -being O -936 O -mg O -. O -None O -of O -the O -data O -showed O -statistically O -significant O -differences O -between O -pre O -- O -and O -post B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methotrexate I-Chemical -biopsies O -, O -with O -the O -exception O -of O -an O -increase O -in O -fattly O -infiltration O -, O -found O -when O -comparing O -all O -pre B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methotrexate I-Chemical -biopsies O -with O -the O -total O -number O -of O -latest O -post B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methotrexate I-Chemical -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -patients O -, O -although O -potassium B-Chemical -arsenite O -alone O -has O -not O -been O -proved O -to O -be O -the O -cause O -of O -liver O -damage O -among O -psoriatics O -included O -in O -this O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -finding O -indicates O -the O -necessity O -of O -performing O -liver O -biopsies O -in O -the O -control O -of O -psoriatics O -on O -long O -- O -term O -methotrexate B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Extraction O -of O -human O -skin O -with O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -buffered I-Chemical -saline O -( O -PBS O -) O -and O -70 O -% O -ethanol B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -complete O -loss O -of O -the O -binding O -sites O -of O -the O -pemphigus O -antibody O -, O -whereas O -the O -extracted O -skin O -still O -retained O -its O -reactivity O -to O -Con O -A O -. O -Preincubation O -with O -more O -than O -0 O -. O -25 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -of O -Con O -A O -with O -normal O -skin O -caused O -a O -reduction O -in O -the O -binding O -of O -pemphigus O -sera O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -with O -bullous O -pemphigoid O -were O -treated O -with O -radio O -cobalt B-Chemical -or O -betatron O -irradiation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -in O -serum O -thyrotrophin O -( O -TSH O -) O -to O -thyrotrophin O -releasing O -hormone O -( O -TRH O -) O -has O -been O -studied O -in O -5 O -euthyroid O -patients O -with O -familial O -thyroxine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -( O -TBG O -) O -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -with O -the O -Hellman O -- O -Hellerström O -silver B-Chemical -staining O -technique O -it O -could O -be O -shown O -that O -virtually O -all O -somatostatin O -cells O -are O -argyrophilic O -and O -vice O -versa O -. O - -aps B-category -Light O -microscopic O -histochemical O -methods O -for O -differential O -staining O -of O -adenohypophysis O -glandular O -cells O -were O -applied O -to O -Epon O -- O -embedded O -tissue O -, O -after O -prior O -softening O -of O -resin O -with O -saturated O -solution O -of O -NaOH B-Chemical -in O -absolute O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mucus O -elaborated O -by O -the O -mucous O -cells O -is O -rich O -in O -carboxyl O -and O -phosphate B-Chemical -containing O -MPS O -and O -in O -sialic O -acid O -containing O -glycoproteins O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -changes O -of O -intensity O -of O -PAS O -reaction O -in O -basement O -membranes O -of O -epithelial O -cells O -derived O -from O -3 O -different O -germ O -layers O -in O -rats O -after O -treatment O -with O -ACTH B-Chemical -and O -cortisone O -were O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -On O -the O -possibility O -to O -demonstrate O -the O -presence O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -enterochromaffin O -cells O -: O -critical O -review O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Author O -demonstrates O -that O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -is O -present O -in O -the O -enterochromaffin O -cells O -and O -that O -it O -is O -impossible O -, O -at O -present O -time O -, O -to O -prove O -the O -presence O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -these O -cells O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -histochemical O -data O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -common O -antigens O -were O -found O -within O -the O -glucose B-Chemical -fermenting O -group O -and O -within O -the O -arginine O -metabolizing O -group O -of O -Mycoplasma O -strains O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -system O -was O -used O -to O -determine O -the O -optimal O -treatment O -conditions O -( O -adequate O -concentrations O -, O -duration O -of O -treatment O -) O -using O -the O -two O -NSS O -- O -reducing O -agents O -eriochrome O -black O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -system O -, O -the O -NSS O -was O -strongly O -reduced O -by O -eriochrome O -black O -whereas O -nitrite B-Chemical -treatment O -did O -not O -induce O -any O -inhibitory O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -arfonad O -on O -blood O -proteins O -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -components O -in O -experimental O -shock O -. O - -aps B-category -Thyroxine B-Chemical -utilization O -rate O -in O -sucking O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -rate O -of O -the O -peripheral O -hormonal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iodine I-Chemical -metabolism O -( O -from O -10 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -6 O -to O -21 O -. O -2 O -+ O -/ O -- O -1 O -. O -2 O -mug O -T4 O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -) O -was O -found O -in O -the O -one O -- O -month O -old O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -contrast B-Chemical -media I-Chemical -are O -able O -to O -release O -histamine B-Chemical -from O -isolated O -mast O -cells O -of O -the O -rat O -and O -produce O -degranulation O -of O -these O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -Whipple O -' O -s O -disease O -with O -sulphamethoxazole B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trimethoprim I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -spite O -of O -initial O -folate B-Chemical -deficiency O -, O -the O -drug O -was O -well O -tolerated O -for O -one O -year O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mast O -cells O -of O -the O -newborn O -rat O -diaphragm O -and O -their O -response O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -liberators O -. O - -aps B-category -Trimepranol O -a O -beta O -adrenergic O -blocking O -drug O -released O -serotonin B-Chemical -from O -rat O -isolated O -and O -plasma O -- O -rich O -thrombocytes O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -was O -dose O -, O -time O -dependent O -and O -reversed O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -development O -of O -adenocarcinoma O -of O -the O -endometrium O -in O -young O -women O -receiving O -long O -- O -term O -sequential O -oral B-Chemical -contraception I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ethinyl B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -and O -mestranol O -, O -the O -3 O -methyl O -ether B-Chemical -of O -ethinyl B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -, O -are O -25 O -times O -more O -potent O -than O -diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical -, O -which O -has O -recently O -been O -implicated O -in O -the O -development O -of O -vaginal O -adenocarcinoma O -in O -female O -offspring O -of O -women O -treated O -during O -pregnancy O -with O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -of O -maternal O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -, O -proteins O -, O -and O -certain O -other O -factors O -to O -fetal O -development O -( O -weight O -and O -cranial O -volume O -at O -birth O -and O -mental O -and O -motor O -scores O -at O -8 O -months O -of O -age O -) O -was O -investigated O -in O -129 O -gravidas O -. O - -aps B-category -Cranial O -volume O -at O -birth O -was O -significantly O -related O -to O -the O -level O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -and O -alpha1 O -globulin O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha1 O -globulin O -( O -negatively O -) O -and O -glycine B-Chemical -( O -positively O -) O -made O -significant O -contributions O -to O -motor O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -suggests O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -specific O -proteins O -or O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -may O -be O -responsible O -for O -different O -developmental O -measures O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -injudicious O -dietary O -restrictions O -in O -pregnancy O -should O -be O -avoided O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -the O -determination O -of O -alpha1 O -globulin O -and O -a O -few O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -such O -as O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -lysine O -, O -and O -histidine O -in O -late O -pregancy O -may O -be O -used O -as O -predictors O -of O -fetal O -growth O -and O -development O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -found O -a O -significantly O -higher O -incidence O -of O -antinuclear O -antibodies O -( O -ANA O -) O -and O -positive O -lupus O -erythematosus O -cell O -tests O -in O -chronic O -psychotic O -patients O -who O -received O -400 O -mg O -a O -day O -or O -more O -of O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -( O -CPZ O -) O -for O -at O -least O -7 O -weeks O -than O -in O -those O -who O -had O -taken O -50 O -to O -300 O -mg O -a O -day O -for O -varying O -periods O -or O -those O -who O -had O -received O -no O -CPZ O -for O -at O -least O -3 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -histamine B-Chemical -mediated O -reactions O -to O -intravenous O -drugs O -used O -in O -anaesthesia O -may O -occur O -as O -a O -result O -of O -anaphylactic O -and O -anaphylactoid O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prevention O -, O -treatment O -, O -and O -follow O -- O -up O -of O -severe O -histamine B-Chemical -mediated O -reactions O -are O -considered O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibition O -by O -anti O -- O -theta O -serum O -( O -AOS O -) O -, O -azathioprine B-Chemical -( O -AZ O -) O -and O -anti O -- O -lymphocyte O -serum O -( O -ALS O -) O -of O -the O -majority O -of O -bispecific O -RFC O -indicates O -their O -T O -- O -cell O -origin O -. O - -aps B-category -Concentration O -of O -Rous O -sarcoma O -virus O -from O -tissue O -culture O -fluids O -with O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -recovery O -of O -virus O -particles O -was O -obtained O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -8 O -% O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -and O -0 O -. O -4 O -M O -NaCl B-Chemical -to O -tissue O -culture O -fluids O -, O -followed O -by O -Pronase O -treatment O -of O -the O -concentrated O -virus O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -doses O -of O -600 O -mug O -per O -liter O -caused O -a O -loss O -in O -cell O -differentiation O -consisting O -of O -a O -partial O -lack O -of O -polar O -orientation O -, O -diminished O -formation O -of O -fibers O -, O -and O -an O -increase O -of O -the O -N O -/ O -C O -ratio O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -areA O -mutants O -show O -a O -range O -of O -pleiotropic O -growth O -responses O -to O -a O -number O -of O -compounds O -as O -sole O -nitrogen B-Chemical -sources O -, O -but O -are O -normal O -in O -utilization O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -sources O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -of O -the O -areA O -mutants O -do O -not O -show O -derepression O -of O -urease O -upon O -relief O -of O -ammonium B-Chemical -repression O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -allopurinol B-Chemical -and O -clofibrate O -on O -the O -elimination O -of O -coumarin B-Chemical -anticoagulants O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -binding O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -to O -human O -serum O -proteins O -was O -measured O -with O -and O -without O -clofibrate O -and O -its O -metabolite O -chlorophenoxyisobutyric O -acid O -( O -CPIB O -) O -, O -both O -present O -in O -therapeutic O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -clofibrate O -and O -CPIB O -caused O -no O -significant O -displacement O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -from O -serum O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -treatment O -with O -allopurinol B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -significant O -prolongation O -of O -the O -plasma O -half O -- O -life O -of O -dicoumarol O -in O -one O -of O -three O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Use O -of O -phast O -contrast B-Chemical -microscopy O -of O -semithin O -epoxy O -sections O -in O -histochemistry O -. O - -aps B-category -Practical O -examples O -are O -given O -for O -demonstration O -of O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -SCHIFF I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -reactive I-Chemical -mucosubstances O -, O -exogenous O -perioxidase O -, O -and O -acid O -phosphatase O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -all O -hexokinase O -type O -I O -isoenzymes O -may O -have O -a O -common O -antigenic O -site O -irrespective O -of O -their O -sources O -, O -though O -their O -responses O -to O -a O -thiol B-Chemical -inhibitor O -are O -different O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -supposed O -that O -the O -protective O -effect O -of O -Gricertine O -on O -the O -allergic O -encephalomyelitis O -is O -based O -on O -its O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -liberator I-Chemical -properties O -which O -can O -occur O -during O -the O -first O -days O -of O -therapy O -: O -this O -would O -explain O -the O -large O -decrease O -of O -the O -brain O -histamine B-Chemical -after O -3 O -weeks O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -substances O -( O -daunomycin O -, O -fluoruracil O -, O -actinomycin O -D O -, O -adriamycin B-Chemical -) O -exhibited O -activity O -both O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -, O -whereas O -five O -substances O -( O -cytosinarabinoside O -, O -methotrexate B-Chemical -, O -ibenzmethyzin O -, O -triaziquone O -, O -bleomycin B-Chemical -) O -showed O -no O -activity O -in O -any O -of O -the O -test O -systems O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Metabolism O -of O -a O -prednisolone B-Chemical -compound O -in O -human O -under O -normal O -and O -pathological O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -administration O -of O -30 O -or O -90 O -mg O -Depersolone O -i O -. O -v O -. O -, O -the O -dynamic O -appearance O -of O -this O -hormone O -and O -the O -prednisolone B-Chemical -metabolite O -, O -their O -biological O -half O -- O -lives O -and O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -synthetic O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -on O -the O -excretion O -of O -grouped O -and O -individual O -17 O -- O -ketosteroids O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dynamic O -appearance O -of O -the O -hormone O -was O -found O -slow O -in O -the O -urine O -of O -patients O -with O -prolonged O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -more O -recent O -trial O -compares O -, O -in O -Stage O -IV O -patients O -, O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -, O -vincristine B-Chemical -and O -prednisone B-Chemical -( O -CVP O -) O -versus O -adriamycin B-Chemical -, O -bleomycin B-Chemical -and O -prednisone B-Chemical -( O -ABP O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Structural O -differences O -between O -crystalline O -mitochondrial O -and O -nuclear O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -from O -ox O -liver O -have O -been O -detected O -by O -immunological O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -Fractionation O -of O -the O -antibodies O -contained O -in O -each O -antiserum O -by O -means O -of O -an O -immunoadsorbent O -, O -to O -which O -the O -nuclear O -or O -the O -mitochondrial O -enzyme O -has O -been O -covalently O -linked O -, O -shows O -that O -nuclear O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -GDH O -) O -contains O -specific O -antigenic O -determinants O -as O -well O -as O -determinants O -common O -to O -the O -mitochondrial O -enzyme O -, O -whereas O -the O -latter O -appears O -to O -have O -no O -antigenic O -portions O -which O -are O -not O -present O -in O -the O -nuclear O -antigen O -, O -in O -accord O -with O -the O -results O -of O -immunodiffusion O -. O - -aps B-category -Group O -3 O -interactions O -, O -shown O -by O -proteolipid O -apoprotein O -and O -gramicidin O -A O -, O -were O -primarily O -non O -- O -polar O -in O -character O -, O -not O -requiring O -electrostatic O -charges O -and O -not O -inhibited O -by O -salt B-Chemical -and O -pH O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -DNA O -synthesized O -in O -reactions O -in O -which O -the O -concentration O -of O -Mn2 O -+ O -or O -Mg2 O -+ O -was O -greater O -than O -optimal O -was O -predominantly O -4S O -or O -smaller O -in O -size O -and O -displayed O -a O -low O -level O -of O -hybridization O -( O -less O -than O -10 O -percent O -) O -to O -homologous O -viral O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Cytochemical O -medium O -containing O -lead B-Chemical -nitrate B-Chemical -could O -not O -be O -used O -for O -determination O -of O -the O -true O -localization O -of O -the O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -in O -the O -microorganisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -to O -rats O -against O -the O -background O -of O -spontaneous O -urine O -excretion O -of O -pituitrine O -, O -vaso O -pressin O -and O -oxytocine O -caused O -a O -diuretic B-Chemical -and O -natriuretic O -effect O -on O -account O -of O -the O -reduction O -of O -the O -tubular O -reabsorption O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -diuretic B-Chemical -effect O -of O -the O -preparations O -was O -absent O -against O -the O -background O -of O -hypophysectomy O -, O -whereas O -the O -natridiuretic O -effect O -was O -retained O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -meaning O -and O -treatment O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -dependence O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylator O -capacity O -was O -determined O -in O -two O -groups O -of O -patients O -who O -had O -received O -procainamide B-Chemical -for O -more O -than O -three O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Proteins O -synthesized O -in O -ganglion O -cells O -of O -the O -rabbit O -retina O -were O -labeled O -with O -[ O -3H O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -or O -[ O -14C O -] O -glycine B-Chemical -injected O -into O -the O -vitreous O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -precise O -effect O -is O -obtained O -with O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Intake O -of O -tritiated O -thymidine B-Chemical -by O -the O -embryos O -of O -Wistar O -pregnant O -rats O -treated O -by O -AY O -9944 O -is O -significantly O -lowered O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -hyperthermia O -on O -bleomycin B-Chemical -( O -BLEO O -) O -toxicity O -and O -repair O -was O -studied O -in O -" O -unfed O -" O -monolayer O -cultures O -of O -Chinese O -hamster O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -vacuolation O -is O -suggested O -to O -represent O -an O -exhaustion O -phenomenon O -due O -to O -an O -intense O -, O -long O -- O -lasting O -stimulus O -for O -oxytocin B-Chemical -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -comparison O -with O -the O -routine O -12 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lead I-Chemical -ECG O -, O -the O -hour O -of O -ECG O -monitoring O -increased O -the O -proportion O -of O -men O -identified O -as O -showing O -ectopic O -activity O -from O -15 O -% O -to O -52 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -relation O -was O -found O -between O -the O -frequency O -of O -simple O -or O -complex O -VPB O -and O -estimated O -coronary O -risk O -status O -or O -between O -the O -prevalence O -of O -VPB O -and O -the O -individual O -risk O -factors O -of O -diastolic O -blood O -pressure O -, O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -or O -cigarette O -smoking B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -, O -so O -far O -as O -possible O -widespread O -prophylactic O -use O -of O -these O -drugs O -to O -prevent O -sudden O -death O -is O -concerned O -, O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -has O -no O -place O -, O -while O -procaine B-Chemical -amide O -cannot O -be O -evaluated O -on O -a O -large O -scale O -because O -of O -the O -frequency O -with O -which O -it O -causes O -serious O -adverse O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Bound O -AFP O -was O -eluted O -with O -8 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -with O -better O -than O -50 O -% O -recovery O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Excessive O -peripheral O -conversion O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -( O -T4 O -) O -to O -triiodothyronine O -( O -T3 O -) O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -T3 O -- O -hyperthyroidism O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increased O -conversion O -of O -administered O -thyroxine B-Chemical -ceased O -later O -on O -and O -higher O -amounts O -of O -oral O -T4 O -were O -tolerated O -after O -one O -year O -of O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -the O -organophosphorous B-Chemical -insecticide O -, O -dursban O -, O -on O -carbohydrate O -metabolism O -of O -the O -snails O -Biomphalaria O -alexandria O -and O -Bulinus O -truncatus O -. O - -aps B-category -Dursban O -had O -a O -biphasic O -effect O -on O -the O -aerobic O -oxidation O -of O -succinate O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -+ O -malate B-Chemical -and O -TMPD O -+ O -ascorbate O -while O -it O -had O -only O -an O -inhibitory O -action O -on O -pyruvate B-Chemical -oxidation O -. O - -aps B-category -Development O -of O -seizures O -, O -but O -not O -of O -interictal O -phenomena O -, O -could O -be O -prevented O -by O -intravenous O -application O -of O -Diazepam B-Chemical -( O -1 O -mg O -) O -, O -Nembutal O -( O -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -and O -- O -- O -less O -effectively O -- O -- O -by O -Phenhydane O -( O -20 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -parenteral O -administration O -of O -subconvulsive O -levels O -of O -pentylenetetrazol B-Chemical -( O -Metrazol O -) O -photic O -stimulation O -induced O -an O -augmented O -rhythmic O -sequence O -of O -late O -neuron O -population O -burst O -- O -inhibition O -periods O -in O -the O -dorsal O -lateral O -geniculate O -nucleus O -( O -LGN O -) O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -this O -method O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -previous O -findings O -, O -it O -was O -possible O -to O -demonstrate O -bilateral O -auditory O -reception O -in O -89 O -% O -of O -the O -45 O -subjects O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -EEG O -modification O -during O -Jendrassik O -' O -s O -manoeuvre O -before O -and O -after O -prostigmine B-Chemical -in O -Parkinsonian O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Abnormalities O -of O -REM O -sleep O -in O -narcoleptics O -and O -in O -acute O -alcohol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -psychotics I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -thiopental B-Chemical -and O -diazepam B-Chemical -on O -EEG O -epileptic O -phenomena O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -microcomplement O -fixation O -assay O -was O -used O -to O -study O -changes O -in O -the O -antigenicity O -of O -chick O -oviduct O -chromatin O -following O -estrogen B-Chemical -withdrawal O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -estrogen B-Chemical -stimulation O -of O -the O -immature O -chick O -results O -in O -an O -irreversible O -alteration O -of O -the O -oviduct O -chromatin O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -cycloheximde O -to O -adult O -rats O -resulted O -in O -the O -enhancement O -of O -uridine B-Chemical -kinase O -activity O -in O -the O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -contrary O -, O -administration O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -following O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -resulted O -in O -further O -enhancement O -of O -uridine B-Chemical -kinase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -is O -briefly O -mentioned O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -survival O -time O -of O -animals O -, O -inhibition O -of O -the O -incorporation O -of O -thymidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -[ O -6 O -- O -3H O -] O -( O -3H O -- O -TdR O -) O -into O -DNA O -, O -and O -histopathological O -observation O -were O -made O -after O -the O -injection O -of O -Mitomycin O -- O -C O -, O -Bleomycin O -, O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -, O -Daunomycin O -, O -Actinomycin O -- O -D O -, O -or O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -into O -mice O -transplanted O -with O -sarcoma O -- O -180 O -to O -their O -liver O -, O -kidney O -, O -and O -lung O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -case O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -and O -Daunomycin O -, O -there O -were O -extreme O -variations O -in O -the O -survival O -time O -depending O -on O -the O -site O -of O -tumor O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cells O -of O -HLE O -and O -HLEC O -were O -epithelial O -- O -like O -and O -both O -of O -these O -cells O -demonstrated O -glycogen O -granules O -in O -the O -cytoplasm O -when O -stained O -with O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -Schiff O -reagent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -paper O -deals O -with O -the O -behaviour O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -function O -as O -well O -as O -the O -2 O -. O -3 O -DPG O -and O -ATP O -levels O -of O -erythrocytes O -during O -the O -storage O -in O -an O -ACD O -- O -AG O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Concerning O -the O -ATP O -behaviour O -there O -was O -no O -significant O -difference O -between O -ACD O -- O -AG O -blood O -and O -that O -with O -additions O -of O -xylitol O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Improvement O -of O -the O -oxygen B-Chemical -transport O -function O -of O -erythrocytes O -in O -sorbitol O -xylitol O -pyruvate B-Chemical -solutions O -with O -elevated O -Ph O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -this O -reason O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -replaced O -by O -sorbite O -in O -the O -storage O -solutions O -with O -a O -pH O -value O -of O -6 O -. O -0 O -and O -additions O -of O -xylitol O -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Up O -to O -the O -third O -week O -of O -storage O -the O -ATP O -content O -of O -erythrocytes O -as O -well O -as O -the O -haemoglobin O -level O -in O -the O -plasma O -revealed O -no O -essential O -differences O -between O -stored O -blood O -with O -sorbitol O -and O -xylitol O -as O -a O -substrate O -or O -glucose B-Chemical -+ O -xylitol O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -urinary O -neurohormones O -allows O -a O -differential O -diagnosis O -, O -intermittent O -hyperthyreosis O -being O -characterized O -by O -three O -cardinal O -symptoms O -: O -1 O -. O -tachycardia O -- O -- O -every O -case O -with O -more O -than O -80 O -pulse O -beats O -being O -suspect O -( O -not O -specific O -) O -; O -2 O -. O -urinary O -histamine B-Chemical -- O -- O -every O -case O -excreting O -more O -than O -90 O -mug O -/ O -day O -being O -suspect O -. O - -aps B-category -Therapy O -should O -make O -use O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -and O -beta O -- O -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -allergic O -encephalomyelitis O -using O -hydrosoluble O -adjuvant O -and O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -region O -of O -myelin O -basic O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Contact O -sensitivity O -in O -mice O -measured O -with O -thymidine B-Chemical -labeled O -lymphocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Native O -dextran B-Chemical -B512 O -is O -a O -near O -- O -linear O -glucose B-Chemical -polymer O -with O -96 O -per O -cent O -alpha1 O -- O -- O -6 O -and O -4 O -per O -cent O -alpha1 O -- O -- O -3 O -linkages O -and O -a O -molecular O -weight O -( O -mol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alpha1 O -- O -- O -3 O -- O -linked O -epitope O -of O -dextran B-Chemical -B1355 O -. O - -aps B-category -B1355 O -is O -a O -potent O -immunogen O -in O -BALB O -/ O -c O -mice O -producing O -peak O -PFC O -levels O -which O -approach O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -per O -spleen O -following O -an O -optimal O -dose O -of O -1 O -mg O -. O -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -alpha O -- O -1 O -- O -- O -3 O -- O -linked O -epitope O -of O -B1355 O -is O -feebly O -tolerogenic O -, O -for O -even O -10 O -mg O -still O -induces O -a O -strong O -initial O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Dissociation O -between O -tolerance O -and O -immunity O -to O -the O -alpha1 O -- O -- O -6 O -- O -and O -alpha1 O -- O -- O -3 O -- O -linked O -epitopes O -of O -dextran B-Chemical -B1355 O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Long O -term O -tolerance O -of O -highly O -dosed O -infusions O -of O -hydroxylethylstarch O -and O -dextran B-Chemical -60 O -in O -normovolemic O -rabbits O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -2 O -rabbits O -of O -the O -hydroxyethyl O -starch O -or O -the O -dextran B-Chemical -treated O -series O -and O -4 O -rabbits O -of O -the O -saline O -series O -survived O -3 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -According O -to O -the O -findings O -presented O -there O -is O -no O -difference O -between O -the O -effects O -due O -to O -the O -prolonged O -administration O -of O -extremely O -high O -doses O -of O -hydroxyethyl O -starch O -and O -dextran B-Chemical -60 O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -by O -dextran B-Chemical -and O -the O -ionophore O -A23187 O -: O -the O -actions O -of O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -inhibitors O -included O -cromoglycate O -, O -an O -orally O -- O -active O -anti O -- O -allergic O -agent O -3 O -- O -( O -5 O -- O -tetrazolyl O -) O -thioxanthone O -10 O -, O -10 O -- O -dioxide O -, O -dibutyryl O -cyclic O -3 O -' O -: O -5 O -' O -- O -AMP O -, O -theophylline B-Chemical -and O -dicumarol O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -IgE O -is O -secreted O -into O -the O -intestinal O -lumen O -and O -degraded O -there O -by O -pancreatic O -proteolytic O -enzymes O -, O -producing O -an O -enzyme O -- O -resistant O -portion O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -terminal I-Chemical -part O -of O -the O -Fc O -region O -. O - -aps B-category -Groups O -of O -BALB O -/ O -c O -mice O -were O -immunized O -to O -normal O -tissues O -( O -skin O -and O -/ O -or O -liver O -plus O -kidney O -) O -of O -C3Hf O -, O -C57Bl O -/ O -6 O -, O -DBA O -/ O -2 O -and O -AKR O -strains O -and O -challenged O -with O -either O -of O -two O -syngeneic O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -immunogenic O -sarcomas O -, O -ST2 O -and O -TZ15 O -, O -or O -with O -a O -" O -spontaneous O -" O -non O -- O -immunogenic O -BALB O -/ O -c O -sarcoma O -, O -B2 O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -paper O -deals O -with O -the O -visualization O -of O -nuclear O -structures O -in O -glutaraldehyde O -fixed O -, O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -flattened O -preparations O -from O -Chironomus O -salivary O -glands O -, O -by O -means O -of O -an O -uranyl O -mordanting O -followed O -by O -hematoxylin B-Chemical -staining O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bisulfite I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -toluidine I-Chemical -blue O -reaction O -followed O -by O -poststaining O -stabilization O -with O -potassium B-Chemical -ferricyanide O -( O -ABT O -) O -is O -described O -as O -a O -topo O -- O -optical O -, O -oriented O -staining O -reaction O -of O -the O -vicinal O -OH O -groups O -of O -complex O -carbohydrates O -in O -biological O -structures O -such O -as O -polysaccharides O -, O -glycoproteins O -and O -glycolipids O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -these O -enzymes O -, O -urate B-Chemical -oxidase O -activity O -remained O -unchanged O -in O -H O -, O -whereas O -it O -was O -decreased O -in O -M O -and O -increased O -in O -L O -and O -Mc O -during O -the O -first O -5 O -days O -after O -operation O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -modification O -of O -the O -sulfite O -and O -dye O -concentrations O -and O -the O -pH O -of O -the O -staining O -reagents O -, O -or O -by O -using O -better O -solvents O -for O -pararosaniline O -like O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -or O -dimethylsulfoxide O -( O -DMSO B-Chemical -) O -a O -shift O -of O -these O -equilibria O -was O -attempted O -in O -order O -to O -obtain O -a O -higher O -amount O -of O -APA O -- O -bound O -dye O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -doubling O -of O -the O -absorbance O -resulted O -in O -the O -same O -objects O -when O -a O -saturated O -solution O -of O -pararosaniline O -in O -a O -2 O -M O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -/ O -acetate O -buffer O -of O -pH O -4 O -. O -45 O -was O -used O -for O -staining O -, O -followed O -by O -a O -short O -rinse O -in O -SO2 O -- O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -Staining O -with O -dichromate O -produced O -a O -positive O -reaction O -for O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Frozen O -sections O -after O -block O -fixation O -in O -cold O -4 O -% O -formaldehyde O -with O -1 O -% O -CaCl2 B-Chemical -followed O -by O -washing O -in O -cold O -physiological O -saline O -as O -well O -as O -cold O -microtome O -sections O -of O -corneas O -quenched O -in O -petroleter O -chilled O -with O -acetone O -- O -dry O -ice O -mixture O -, O -transferred O -to O -nonprecooled O -slides O -or O -semipermeable O -membranes O -were O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -NaCl B-Chemical -and O -PVP O -abolished O -the O -DAB O -staining O -of O -mitochondria O -incubated O -without O -exogenous O -cytochrome O -c O -; O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -however O -, O -was O -ineffective O -when O -exogenous O -cytochrome O -c O -or O -oxidized O -DAB O -were O -present O -in O -the O -incubation O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Crude O -revistin O -was O -isolated O -by O -serial O -procedures O -of O -salting O -out O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -and O -precipitation O -with O -cetylpyridinium O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Action O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -on O -the O -bacteriophate O -T7 O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -T7 O -early O -gene O -product O -, O -the O -T7 O -- O -specific O -RNA O -polymerase O -which O -catalyzed O -the O -transcription O -of O -late O -gene O -appeared O -more O -rapidly O -in O -the O -bleomycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -cells O -than O -in O -the O -non O -- O -treated O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -addition O -of O -glutaraldehyde O -to O -broth O -cultures O -, O -incubation O -is O -continued O -for O -1 O -h O -. O -The O -cells O -are O -then O -collected O -by O -centrifugation O -, O -washed O -in O -distilled O -water O -, O -and O -used O -for O -negative B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -contrast I-Chemical -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -energetics O -of O -the O -Na O -+ O -- O -dependent O -transport O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -into O -osmotically O -active O -membrane O -vesicles O -, O -derived O -from O -the O -brush O -borders O -of O -the O -rabbit O -renal O -proximal O -tubule O -, O -was O -studied O -by O -determining O -how O -alterations O -in O -the O -electrochemical O -potential O -of O -the O -membrane O -induced O -by O -anions O -, O -ionophores O -, O -and O -a O -proton O -conductor O -affect O -the O -uptake O -of O -the O -sugar O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -Na O -+ O -salts O -of O -isethionate O -or O -sulfate O -, O -both O -relatively O -impermeable O -anions O -, O -there O -was O -no O -accumulation O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -above O -the O -equilibrium O -value O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -only O -anions O -which O -penetrate O -the O -brush O -border O -membrane O -and O -generate O -an O -electrochemical O -potential O -, O -negative O -on O -the O -inside O -, O -permit O -the O -uphill O -Na O -+ O -- O -dependent O -transport O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Tissue O -from O -17 O -patients O -with O -benign O -prostatic O -hypertrophy O -was O -incubated O -in O -Eagle O -' O -s O -medium O -with O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -testosterone I-Chemical -( O -T O -) O -. O -06 O -nM O -following O -pre O -- O -incubation O -with O -an O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -androgen I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -results O -were O -noted O -for O -other O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -androgens I-Chemical -tested O -, O -but O -cortisol B-Chemical -and O -etiocholanolone O -had O -no O -effects O -on O -3H O -- O -5alpha O -DHT O -binding O -to O -prostate O -cytosol O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -protein O -contains O -tryptic O -peptides O -not O -found O -in O -proparathyroid O -hormone O -and O -migrates O -more O -slowly O -than O -does O -proparathyroid O -hormone O -on O -both O -urea B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -urea B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -polyacrylamide O -gels O -, O -indicating O -that O -it O -is O -more O -acidic O -and O -larger O -than O -proparathyroid O -hormone O -. O - -aps B-category -Hippocampal O -innervation O -by O -serotonin B-Chemical -neurons O -of O -the O -midbrain O -raphe O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -destruction O -of O -the O -midbrain O -raphe O -nuclei O -, O -chiefly O -nucleus O -centralis O -superior O -, O -there O -is O -a O -72 O -% O -decrease O -in O -hippocampal O -serotonin B-Chemical -content O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -indicate O -that O -serotonin B-Chemical -neurons O -of O -the O -midbrain O -raphe O -provide O -a O -highly O -organized O -innervation O -of O -the O -hippocampal O -formation O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Fourteen O -ragweed O -hay O -fever O -nonasthmatic O -patients O -comparably O -sensitive O -to O -a O -group O -of O -ragweed O -- O -allergic O -asthmatics O -by O -skin O -test O -and O -leukocyte O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -were O -tested O -by O -quantitative O -inhalation O -bronchial O -challenge O -with O -ragweed O -extract O -. O - -aps B-category -Resistance O -to O -OPC O -was O -first O -found O -in O -1955 O -, O -diazinon B-Chemical -was O -given O -up O -in O -1957 O -- O -- O -59 O -and O -parathion O -strips O -failed O -in O -the O -early O -' O -60 O -' O -s O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -mice O -were O -immunized O -at O -various O -times O -after O -reconstitution O -with O -a O -series O -of O -eight O -antigens O -: O -the O -bacteriophages O -F2 O -, O -phiX O -- O -174 O -, O -and O -T4 O -; O -the O -hapten O -carrier O -complexes O -2 O -, O -4 O -dinitrophenyl O -- O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -and O -fluorescein B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bovine I-Chemical -serum O -albumin O -; O -and O -the O -small O -proteins O -: O -hen O -egg O -lysozyme O -, O -sperm O -whale O -myoglobin O -, O -and O -bovine O -pancreatic O -ribonuclease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antigen O -- O -induced O -IgE O -- O -mediated O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -from O -human O -basophils O -has O -previously O -been O -shown O -to O -require O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -to O -be O -inhibited O -by O -agents O -which O -raise O -cyclic O -AMP O -levels O -and O -by O -high O -antigen O -levels O -, O -and O -to O -be O -unaffected O -by O -cyclic O -GMP O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -this O -method O -IgE O -antibody O -directed O -against O -the O -benzylpenicilloyl O -determinant O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -( O -BPO O -) O -was O -measured O -quantitatively O -in O -sera O -from O -seven O -penicillin B-Chemical -allergic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Ionophore O -A O -- O -23187 O -releases O -histamine B-Chemical -from O -normal O -mast O -cells O -apparently O -by O -promoting O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -influx O -( O -Foreman O -et O -al O -, O -Nature O -245 O -: O -249 O -, O -1973 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -cells O -, O -which O -apparently O -have O -normal O -surface O -receptors O -for O -IgE O -, O -contained O -approximately O -700 O -ng O -histamine B-Chemical -/ O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -cells O -but O -did O -not O -release O -histamine B-Chemical -when O -IgE O -- O -mediated O -release O -was O -looked O -for O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -higher O -doses O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -is O -preceded O -by O -progressive O -LDH O -release O -: O -LDH O -release O -is O -75 O -% O -complete O -at O -5 O -min O -whereas O -10 O -min O -are O -required O -for O -75 O -% O -maximal O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -PAFL O -released O -from O -lung O -stimulates O -the O -secretion O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -from O -washed O -rabbit O -platelets O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -lots O -of O -conventional O -gamma O -- O -globulin O -prepared O -from O -the O -plasma O -of O -outdated O -blood O -collected O -from O -voluntary O -donors O -in O -Massachusetts O -contain O -substantially O -more O -antibody O -( O -anti O -- O -HBs O -) O -to O -the O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -) O -than O -do O -lots O -manufactured O -from O -plasma O -collected O -before O -1970 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -titers O -of O -anti O -- O -HBs O -have O -continued O -to O -rise O -since O -1971 O -, O -when O -screening O -of O -blood O -donors O -for O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -became O -mandatory O -, O -a O -step O -which O -presumably O -resulted O -in O -the O -removal O -of O -much O -of O -the O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -that O -would O -otherwise O -adsorb O -anti O -- O -HBs O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -epidemiological O -factors O -such O -as O -injections O -and O -transfusions O -seem O -not O -to O -be O -responsible O -, O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -a O -change O -of O -virus O -strain O -may O -be O -responsible O -for O -the O -different O -distribution O -of O -subtypes O -of O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -in O -the O -last O -year O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -c O -) O -Dark O -swelling O -is O -labile O -and O -is O -enhanced O -by O -calf O -serum O -, O -low O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -, O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -, O -and O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -phosphodiesterase O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -e O -) O -The O -amount O -of O -light O -required O -for O -maximal O -suppression O -of O -dark O -- O -swelling O -increases O -approximately O -10 O -- O -fold O -if O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -concentrations O -is O -lowered O -by O -EGTA O -addition O -. O - -aps B-category -4 O -) O -The O -approximately O -P O -level O -( O -combined O -ATP O -and O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -) O -remained O -near O -control O -level O -in O -nerves O -kept O -at O -low O -or O -cold O -- O -block O -temperatures O -for O -times O -as O -long O -as O -64 O -hr O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -apparatus O -was O -devised O -which O -utilizes O -local O -cooling O -to O -reversibly O -interrupt O -the O -axonal O -transport O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -( O -DBH O -) O -in O -rabbit O -sciatic O -nerves O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -uridine I-Chemical -was O -injected O -into O -the O -posterior O -chamber O -of O -the O -right O -eye O -17 O -, O -30 O -, O -or O -60 O -days O -after O -both O -optic O -nerves O -were O -crushed O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracranial O -injection O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -uridine I-Chemical -, O -during O -the O -same O -stage O -of O -regeneration O -, O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -resulted O -in O -a O -distribution O -of O -grains O -, O -specifically O -over O -cell O -perikaprya O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distribution O -curves O -showed O -further O -that O -a O -low O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -of O -mean O -32 O -. O -5 O -ml O -/ O -100 O -g O -min O -coincided O -with O -a O -low O -CMR O -oxygen B-Chemical -of O -2 O -. O -50 O -ml O -/ O -100 O -g O -min O -; O -however O -, O -CMR O -glucose B-Chemical -was O -either O -low O -( O -2 O -. O -50 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -g O -min O -) O -, O -or O -nearly O -normal O -( O -4 O -. O -50 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -g O -min O -) O -or O -elevated O -( O -7 O -. O -50 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -g O -min O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Polyradicular O -neuritis O -with O -albumino O -- O -cytological O -dissociation O -in O -the O -CSF O -had O -developed O -chronically O -and O -improved O -only O -when O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -therapy O -was O -begun O -. O - -aps B-category -Cobalt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -57 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bleomycin I-Chemical -is O -a O -diagnostically O -useful O -radiopharmaceutical O -, O -but O -little O -is O -known O -about O -the O -nature O -of O -its O -individual O -fractions O -in O -regard O -to O -their O -metal O -- O -binding O -capacity O -and O -their O -in O -vivo O -distribution O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -fractions O -were O -copper B-Chemical -free O -and O -retained O -their O -biologic O -activity O -and O -purity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biologic O -distribution O -in O -tumor O -- O -bearing O -rats O -showed O -significantly O -higher O -concentration O -in O -tumors O -at O -2 O -hr O -for O -fractions O -A2 O -and O -B2 O -as O -compared O -to O -the O -bleomycin B-Chemical -mixture O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tumor O -- O -to O -- O -blood O -ratios O -for O -A2 O -and O -B2 O -were O -not O -significantly O -different O -from O -the O -bleomycin B-Chemical -mixture O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -concentration O -of O -the O -bleomycin B-Chemical -in O -the O -tumor O -was O -related O -to O -blood O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -24 O -patients O -with O -benign O -lesions O -, O -uptake O -of O -57Co B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bleomycin I-Chemical -was O -visible O -on O -the O -scintigram O -in O -4 O -patients O -with O -cavitating O -pulmonary O -tuberculosis O -, O -in O -2 O -with O -pulmonary O -infections O -, O -in O -1 O -with O -Caplan O -lesions O -of O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -in O -the O -lung O -, O -and O -in O -1 O -with O -sinusitis O -ethmoidalis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -endotoxins O -and O -enzymes O -in O -vitro O -on O -the O -release O -of O -gingival O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uncultured O -gingiva O -contained O -a O -mean O -of O -2 O -. O -80 O -mug O -histamine B-Chemical -/ O -g O -of O -tissue O -and O -was O -considered O -to O -contain O -100 O -% O -total O -histamine B-Chemical -available O -for O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -compared O -to O -the O -culture O -control O -, O -all O -test O -substances O -showed O -statistically O -significant O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -005 O -to O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -0005 O -) O -except O -for O -the O -endotoxins O -and O -for O -hyaluronidase O -( O -P O -greater O -than O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Org O -6368 O -is O -a O -homologue O -of O -pancuronium B-Chemical -bromide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -its O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -capacity O -is O -greater O -than O -that O -of O -pancuronium B-Chemical -it O -is O -less O -than O -that O -of O -( O -+ O -) O -- O -tubocurarine O -. O - -aps B-category -Differences O -in O -the O -muscle O -relaxant O -profiles O -of O -Org O -6368 O -and O -pancuronium B-Chemical -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -fed O -an O -ascorbic O -- O -acid O -- O -free O -diet O -, O -as O -the O -ascorbic O -acid O -levels O -decreased O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -levels O -in O -blood O -and O -urine O -rose O -steadily O -to O -maxima O -in O -about O -10 O -- O -12 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increased O -histamine B-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -urine O -, O -blood O -and O -other O -tissues O -in O -the O -ascorbic O -- O -acid O -- O -depleted O -condition O -could O -be O -brought O -back O -to O -normal O -levels O -by O -administration O -of O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -ascorbic O -acid O -5 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -g O -body O -wt O -. O - -aps B-category -Sera O -from O -normal O -( O -C57BL O -/ O -6XC3H O -/ O -Anf O -) O -F1 O -( O -B6C3F1 O -) O -mice O -reacted O -with O -several O -biologically O -distinct O -murine O -leukemia O -virus O -( O -es O -) O -( O -MuLV O -) O -by O -radioimmune O -precipitation O -assays O -with O -the O -use O -of O -purified O -tritiated O -leucine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labeled I-Chemical -virus O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -MuLV O -have O -common O -antigenic O -determinants O -recognized O -by O -natural O -antibody O -, O -and O -that O -the O -reactivities O -of O -natural O -antibody O -in O -an O -autogenous O -immune O -response O -are O -restrictive O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -immune O -antibody O -produced O -in O -a O -heterologous O -host O -. O - -aps B-category -Cytotoxicity O -was O -determined O -by O -measurement O -of O -the O -loss O -of O -tritiated O -thymidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labeled I-Chemical -target O -cells O -from O -culture O -vessels O -. O - -aps B-category -Production O -of O -C O -particle O -- O -like O -structures O -by O -cells O -exposed O -to O -FL O -- O -MuMAV O -) O -was O -determined O -by O -incorporation O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -uridine B-Chemical -into O -particles O -with O -a O -density O -of O -1 O -. O -16 O -g O -/ O -ml O -and O -/ O -or O -measurement O -of O -RNA O -- O -dependent O -DNA O -polymerase O -activity O -in O -concentrated O -culture O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Radiologic O -detection O -and O -prostatic O -carcinoma O -by O -double O -contrast B-Chemical -retrograde O -urethrocystography O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -our O -method O -the O -exposure O -is O -made O -with O -the O -patient O -in O -an O -exaggerated O -Trendelenburgs O -position O -to O -allow O -the O -contrast B-Chemical -medium I-Chemical -injected O -into O -the O -bladder O -to O -accumulate O -at O -the O -dome O -. O - -aps B-category -Erythropoietic O -hypoplasia O -after O -exposure O -to O -gamma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -benzene I-Chemical -hexachloride O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha O -- O -chymotrypsin O -( O -CT O -) O -was O -modified O -chemically O -and O -physically O -by O -the O -treatments O -with O -diisopropyl O -fluorophosphate O -, O -L O -- O -( O -1 O -- O -tosylamide O -- O -2 O -- O -phenyl O -) O -ethylchloromethylketone O -, O -hydrogen B-Chemical -peroxide I-Chemical -and O -heat O -. O - -aps B-category -Ca O -+ O -+ O -was O -essential O -for O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -by O -CT O -, O -while O -it O -enhanced O -only O -slightly O -the O -enzymic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activated O -state O -of O -mast O -cells O -produced O -by O -CT O -decayed O -rapidly O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -, O -but O -these O -cells O -responded O -to O -Ca O -+ O -+ O -by O -adding O -CT O -once O -again O -, O -suggesting O -reconstitution O -of O -cell O -membrane O -structure O -affected O -by O -CT O -. O -Isoproterenol B-Chemical -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -, O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E1 I-Chemical -, O -and O -dibutyryl O -- O -cyclic O -AMP O -( O -0 O -. O -01 O -- O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -) O -did O -not O -inhibit O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -induced O -by O -CT O -. O - -aps B-category -But O -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -papaverine B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -01 O -- O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -) O -a O -marked O -, O -dose O -- O -dependent O -inhibition O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparison O -of O -gas O -chromatography O -and O -the O -spectrofluorometric O -method O -in O -the O -analysis O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -biological O -media O -( O -a O -review O -of O -the O -literature O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -no O -evidence O -that O -the O -tumor O -secretes O -any O -biologically O -active O -sex O -steroids B-Chemical -, O -judges O -by O -weights O -of O -target O -tissues O -, O -when O -the O -tumor O -is O -grown O -in O -castrated O -or O -spayed O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Mass O -( O -micrograms O -) O -amounts O -of O -sex O -steroids B-Chemical -were O -not O -detected O -after O -purifying O -large O -amounts O -of O -tumor O -extracts O -. O - -aps B-category -Cortisol O -, O -conjugated O -estrogen B-Chemical -, O -and O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -sterol B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -( O -AY O -- O -9944 O -) O -were O -effective O -in O -lowering O -the O -elevated O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -transplantable O -tumor O -may O -represent O -a O -model O -for O -one O -form O -of O -neoplastic O -hypercalcemia O -occurring O -in O -man O -and O -may O -have O -important O -implications O -in O -the O -general O -area O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -phosphorus B-Chemical -homeostasis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -higher O -protein O -excretion O -was O -found O -in O -normally O -fed O -male O -rats O -as O -compared O -to O -female O -rats O -and O -to O -rats O -on O -a O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deficient I-Chemical -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -, O -metabolism O -and O -binding O -of O -various O -androgens B-Chemical -in O -human O -prostatic O -tissue O -: O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -concentrations O -of O -glucagon O -, O -growth O -hormone O -, O -cortisol B-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -and O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -blood O -concentrations O -of O -glycerol O -, O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxybutyrate I-Chemical -, O -acetoacetate O -, O -alanine B-Chemical -, O -pyruvate B-Chemical -, O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -were O -measured O -in O -38 O -fasting O -diabetic O -subjects O -deprived O -of O -their O -usual O -morning O -dose O -of O -insulin O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -glucagon O -is O -unlikely O -to O -play O -a O -role O -of O -primary O -importance O -in O -blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -homoeostasis O -or O -ketone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -body I-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -ambulant O -insulin O -- O -dependent O -diabetic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -follow O -- O -up O -study O -of O -147 O -babies O -born O -to O -mothers O -known O -to O -be O -carriers O -of O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBsAg B-Chemical -) O -revealed O -no O -evidence O -for O -a O -relationship O -between O -breast O -- O -feeding O -and O -the O -subsequent O -development O -of O -antigenaemia O -in O -the O -babies O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -frequency O -of O -other O -variables O -known O -to O -influence O -the O -development O -of O -antigenaemia O -among O -infants O -of O -carrier O -mothers O -did O -not O -vary O -according O -to O -breast O -- O -feeding O -status O -: O -mother O -' O -s O -HBsAg B-Chemical -titre O -, O -HBsAg B-Chemical -positivity O -rate O -in O -cord O -- O -blood O -specimens O -, O -and O -HBsAg B-Chemical -prevalence O -among O -siblings O -. O - -aps B-category -Restoration O -of O -in O -- O -vitro O -lymphocyte O -responses O -with O -exogenous O -adenosine B-Chemical -deaminase O -in O -a O -patient O -with O -severe O -combined O -immunodeficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -possible O -that O -a O -heterozygous O -deficiency O -of O -this O -protease O -inhibitor O -renders O -the O -pancreas O -more O -vulnerable O -to O -aetiological O -agents O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -alcohol B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethanol I-Chemical -in O -liver O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Magnolidin O -, O -the O -major O -glycoside O -of O -Magnolia O -grandiflora O -L O -. O -consists O -of O -two O -moles O -of O -rhamnose O -, O -and O -each O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -caffeic O -acid O -and O -3 O -, O -4 O -- O -dihydroxyphenethanol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -GG O -in O -Ateroid O -is O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -heparin B-Chemical -isolated O -from O -Ateroid O -and O -mucosa O -have O -similar O -lipoprotein O -lipase O -- O -releasing O -activity O -, O -but O -the O -former O -has O -considerably O -less O -anticoagulant O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -children O -of O -a O -mother O -suffering O -from O -chronic O -overindulgence O -in O -alcohol B-Chemical -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -low O -- O -abundance O -isotope O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -, O -15N O -, O -is O -now O -accessible O -to O -study O -by O -the O -latest O -high O -resolution O -nuclear O -magnetic O -resonance O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -a O -modification O -, O -particularly O -of O -the O -DNA O -, O -could O -lead B-Chemical -to O -either O -major O -or O -minor O -changes O -in O -the O -genetic O -composition O -of O -the O -cell O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostaglandins O -( O -Pgs O -) O -, O -slow O -- O -reacting O -substance O -of O -anaphylaxis O -( O -SRS O -- O -A O -) O -, O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -were O -released O -from O -anaphylactic O -isolated O -perfused O -guinea O -pig O -hearts O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -was O -increased O -by O -the O -addition O -of O -theophylline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Indomethacin B-Chemical -completely O -abolished O -the O -anaphylactic O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -Pg O -release O -, O -the O -anaphylactic O -SRS O -- O -A O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -liberation O -was O -not O -abolished O -by O -indomethacin B-Chemical -, O -but O -rather O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Authors O -have O -analyzed O -the O -antiarrhythmic O -effect O -of O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -blocking O -agent O -, O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -various O -types O -of O -arrhythmias O -and O -in O -the O -prophylaxis O -of O -recurrences O -of O -auricular O -flutter O -and O -fibrillation O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -group O -of O -116 O -cases O -with O -auricular O -flutter O -or O -fibrillation O -( O -in O -which O -sinus O -rhythm O -had O -been O -restored O -with O -quinidine B-Chemical -or O -cardioversion O -has O -been O -analyzed O -to O -study O -the O -prophylactic O -activity O -of O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -in O -these O -arrhythmias O -. O - -aps B-category -or O -with O -an O -association O -of O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -( O -mg O -60 O -p O -. O -d O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Characterization O -of O -the O -oral O -keratins O -as O -to O -their O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residues O -and O -types O -of O -bondings O -, O -as O -well O -as O -insight O -into O -the O -events O -transpiring O -when O -the O -prickle O -cell O -becomes O -keratinized O -, O -may O -not O -only O -shed O -light O -on O -the O -etiology O -of O -these O -lesions O -but O -also O -have O -prognostic O -implications O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Uptake O -of O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -in O -mast O -cells O -in O -sustained O -anaphylactic O -reaction O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Lindane B-Chemical -in O -the O -dose O -of O -1 O -/ O -10 O -LD50 O -given O -to O -rats O -on O -standard O -diet O -decreases O -the O -activity O -of O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -and O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -2 O -. O -alkaline O -and O -acid O -phosphatases O -( O -AP O -and O -AcP O -) O -in O -blood O -serum O -, O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -glutamic O -oxalacetic O -transaminase O -( O -GOT O -) O -, O -2 O -. O -6 O -. O -1 O -. O -2 O -. O -glutamic O -pyruvic O -transaminase O -( O -GPT O -) O -in O -liver O -and O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -27 O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -( O -LDH O -) O -in O -blood O -serum O -, O -kidney O -and O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -determining O -LDH O -isoenzyme O -activity O -in O -homogenates O -from O -kidneys O -, O -no O -statistically O -significant O -differences O -were O -noted O -either O -in O -the O -groups O -treated O -with O -standard O -diet O -or O -those O -on O -protein O -rich O -diet O -, O -as O -compared O -with O -the O -controls O -not O -given O -lindane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -mitochondrial O -calcium B-Chemical -transport O -in O -failing O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -Decrease O -in O -mitochondrial O -calcium B-Chemical -binding O -and O -uptake O -was O -observed O -in O -genetically O -myopathic O -hamsters O -( O -BIO O -14 O -. O -6 O -) O -at O -early O -, O -moderate O -, O -and O -late O -stages O -of O -congestive O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Inability O -of O -rat O -hearts O -to O -generate O -contractile O -force O -on O -perfusion O -with O -Na O -+ O -- O -or O -K O -+ O -- O -free O -medium O -was O -associated O -with O -an O -increase O -in O -mitochondrial O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -change O -in O -mitochondrial O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -was O -noted O -in O -acute O -ischemic O -dog O -myocardium O -or O -hypoxic O -rat O -heart O -in O -which O -contractile O -force O -was O -severely O -depressed O -. O - -aps B-category -Decrease O -in O -pH O -, O -ATP O -: O -ADP O -ratio O -, O -ATP6AMP O -ratio O -, O -and O -K O -+ O -: O -Na O -+ O -ratio O -were O -found O -to O -reduce O -the O -dog O -heart O -mitochondrial O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -also O -suggest O -that O -alterations O -in O -mitochondrial O -calcium B-Chemical -transport O -are O -dependent O -upon O -the O -degree O -and O -type O -of O -heart O -failure O -. O - -aps B-category -Dipyrone O -( O -6 O -episodes O -in O -4 O -patients O -) O -and O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -( O -5 O -episodes O -in O -5 O -patients O -) O -were O -the O -drugs O -most O -commonly O -associated O -with O -this O -condition O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purification O -procedure O -included O -extraction O -of O -the O -tissues O -with O -acetone O -powder O -, O -batch O -and O -column O -chromatography O -on O -DEAE O -- O -resins O -, O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -, O -gel O -filtration O -on O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -, O -and O -affinity O -chromatography O -on O -antibody O -- O -Sepharose O -4B O -. O - -aps B-category -Together O -with O -the O -immunologic O -relationships O -observed O -between O -FeLV O -and O -endogenous O -rodent O -type O -C O -viruses O -, O -the O -results O -lead B-Chemical -to O -the O -conclusion O -that O -FeLV O -- O -related O -genes O -were O -transmitted O -from O -a O -rodent O -to O -cat O -ancestor O -and O -have O -been O -perpetuated O -in O -the O -germ O -line O -of O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -anabolic O -steroids B-Chemical -on O -plasma O -antithrombin O -III O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -distinct O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -, O -five O -of O -the O -six O -17 O -- O -alpha O -- O -alkylated O -anabolic O -steroids B-Chemical -studied O -produced O -increased O -plasma O -Antithrombin B-Chemical -III I-Chemical -levels O -and O -five O -produced O -decreased O -levels O -of O -plasma O -alpha2 O -- O -macroglobulin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increased O -plasma O -fibrinolytic O -activity O -which O -the O -17 O -- O -alpha O -- O -alkylated O -anabolic O -steroids B-Chemical -induce O -is O -therefore O -unlikely O -to O -be O -secondary O -to O -disseminated O -intravascular O -coagulation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -tetanus O -toxin O -was O -accumulated O -preferentially O -on O -the O -injected O -side O -and O -an O -approximate O -rate O -of O -transport O -of O -7 O -. O -5 O -mm O -/ O -h O -was O -calculated O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -appeared O -that O -SMUA O -pretreatment O -alters O -the O -subsequent O -binding O -ability O -of O -lead B-Chemical -salts O -, O -resulting O -in O -lack O -of O -glycogen O -staining O -, O -although O -it O -does O -not O -remove O -the O -glycogen O -from O -the O -sections O -. O - -aps B-category -Aqueous O -solutions O -of O -safranin O -, O -neutral O -red O -, O -and O -fuschsin O -replace O -crystal O -violet O -from O -stained O -Gram O -- O -positive O -bacteria O -more O -quickly O -than O -alcohol B-Chemical -alone O -, O -and O -alcoholic O -solutions O -of O -these O -counterstains O -are O -in O -most O -cases O -still O -more O -effective O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -concentrations O -of O -iodine B-Chemical -in O -alcohol B-Chemical -reduce O -the O -rate O -of O -decolorization O -of O -stained O -bacteria O -, O -but O -stained O -Gram O -- O -negative O -bacteria O -are O -still O -readily O -decolorized O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -two O -- O -solution O -modification O -of O -Gram O -staining O -is O -described O -in O -which O -crystal O -violet O -- O -stained O -bacteria O -are O -treated O -with O -an O -alcoholic O -solution O -of O -safranin O -, O -fuchsin O -, O -and O -iodine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tape O -was O -then O -removed O -from O -the O -slide O -, O -where O -the O -section O -remained O -to O -be O -stained O -with O -hematoxylin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -eosin I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -criteria O -were O -best O -satisfied O -by O -fluorescein B-Chemical -isothiocyanate O -( O -FITC O -) O -and O -rhodamine O -B O -isothiocyanate O -( O -RITC O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -the O -electrophoretic O -phenotyping O -of O -some O -genetic O -markers O -( O -haptoglobin O -, O -group O -specific O -component O -, O -transferrin O -, O -haemoglobin O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -6 O -- O -phospho O -- O -gluconate O -dehydrogenase O -) O -in O -two O -tribal O -Indian O -populations O -from O -Surinam O -are O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -22 O -of O -these O -, O -however O -, O -the O -arc O -5 O -was O -readily O -recognized O -in O -the O -reading O -following O -citrate B-Chemical -treatment O -of O -the O -slide O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -reaction O -was O -inhibited O -by O -menadione O -, O -nitrofurantoin O -, O -SKF O -525 O -- O -A O -or O -fluoride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -photochemical O -stability O -of O -anomalous O -nucleic O -acid O -bases O -of O -the O -azatype O -, O -5 O -- O -azacytosine O -( O -I O -) O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -( O -II O -) O -, O -6 O -- O -azacytosine O -( O -III O -) O -, O -6 O -- O -azacytidine O -( O -IV O -) O -, O -6 O -- O -azathymine O -( O -V O -) O -, O -6 O -- O -azauracil O -( O -VI O -) O -, O -and O -8 O -- O -aza O -- O -adenine O -( O -VII O -) O -to O -U O -. O -V O -. O -light O -of O -the O -wavelength O -254 O -nm O -differs O -from O -the O -U O -. O -V O -. O -stability O -of O -the O -normal O -constituents O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -animals O -and O -healthy O -humans O -the O -alcaloid O -of O -the O -gorse O -sparteine B-Chemical -sulphate O -has O -been O -reported O -not O -to O -cause O -those O -side O -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -4 O -patients O -both O -sparteine B-Chemical -and O -ajmalin O -injection O -caused O -higher O -graded O -AV O -- O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -effect O -of O -fluoridated O -phenylethanolamines O -on O -hyperglycemia O -induced O -by O -catecholamines B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -the O -substances O -acted O -beta O -- O -adrenolytically O -, O -with O -the O -glycogenolysis O -enhanced O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -being O -blocked O -more O -potently O -by O -3 O -. O -4 O -- O -difluorophenylethanolamines O -than O -by O -the O -corresponding O -2 O -. O -4 O -- O -difluoroderivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -four O -patients O -with O -clinical O -signs O -of O -melanoma O -metastasis O -were O -examined O -for O -5 O -- O -S O -- O -cysteinyldopa O -and O -dopa O -+ O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -Diminished O -reactivity O -to O -Trafuril O -is O -seen O -after O -pretreatment O -with O -injections O -of O -Compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -, O -tranexamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -cromoglycate O -, O -or O -application O -of O -fluocinolone O -- O -acetonide O -, O -as O -well O -as O -after O -stroking O -the O -skin O -. O - -aps B-category -Virus O -particles O -equilibrate O -at O -a O -density O -of O -1 O -. O -16 O -g O -/ O -ml O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -and O -at O -a O -density O -of O -1 O -. O -12 O -g O -/ O -ml O -in O -metrizamide O -gradients O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -observed O -that O -on O -addition O -of O -the O -deoxynucleoside O -- O -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphates O -, O -which O -permits O -DNA O -synthesis O -, O -there O -are O -fluorescence O -changes O -due O -to O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -residue O -; O -when O -DNA O -synthesis O -is O -prevented O -by O -omitting O -some O -of O -the O -precursor O -triphosphates O -, O -fluorescence O -changes O -are O -absent O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Methods O -of O -the O -histochemical O -detection O -of O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Hereby O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arylethyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amines I-Chemical -and O -indolalkylamines O -are O -demonstrable O -with O -formaldehyde O -or O -glyoxylic O -acid O -whilst O -histamine B-Chemical -is O -traceable O -with O -o O -- O -phthaldialdehyde O -. O - -aps B-category -Ultrahistochemically O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -can O -be O -demonstrated O -by O -means O -of O -the O -chromaffine O -and O -the O -argentaffine O -reaction O -, O -the O -reaction O -with O -permanganate O -and O -the O -REINECKE B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -precipitation O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -Besides O -, O -the O -demonstration O -of O -adreanline O -as O -a O -secondary O -amine B-Chemical -might O -be O -hindered O -also O -by O -the O -fact O -that O -the O -product O -of O -its O -reaction O -with O -glutaraldehyde O -is O -soluble O -in O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -using O -REINECKE B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -salt I-Chemical -the O -correctly O -localizated O -precipitation O -of O -amines B-Chemical -is O -the O -first O -step O -of O -the O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -a O -quantitative O -ultrahistochemistry O -of O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -is O -still O -impossible O -at O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ultrastructural O -distribution O -of O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -staining O -material O -is O -studied O -in O -the O -cerebral O -cortex O -of O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -the O -problem O -of O -the O -optimal O -conditions O -for O -the O -carrying O -out O -of O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -staining O -in O -the O -CNS O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -X O -- O -ray O -analysis O -procedure O -shows O -that O -chromium O -is O -indeed O -involved O -in O -the O -complex O -at O -the O -biogenic O -amine B-Chemical -locus O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mode O -of O -dityrosine O -formation O -from O -tyrosine B-Chemical -residues O -is O -found O -to O -be O -possible O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -peroxidase O -enzyme O -system O -in O -the O -cuticle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -paper O -embodies O -results O -of O -the O -use O -of O -51 O -synthetic O -dyes O -, O -belonging O -to O -different O -chemical O -groups O -for O -staining O -of O -animal O -chromosomes O -following O -iodine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dye I-Chemical -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -Amongst O -the O -dyes O -successfully O -used O -, O -the O -preparations O -remain O -stable O -when O -stained O -with O -most O -of O -them O -except O -methyl O -green O -, O -malachite O -green O -, O -brillant O -green O -, O -iodine B-Chemical -green O -and O -cresyl B-Chemical -violet I-Chemical -and O -amongst O -acid O -dyes O -, O -acid O -fuchsin O -. O - -aps B-category -Application O -of O -the O -Schiff O -' O -s O -reagent O -on O -fresh O -and O -undecalcified O -cuticle O -of O -crustaceans O -such O -as O -Emerita O -asiatica O -and O -Ocypoda O -platytarsis O -showed O -positive O -results O -with O -their O -calcified O -layer O -which O -led O -to O -suggest O -that O -salts O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -account O -for O -the O -staining O -. O - -aps B-category -Present O -understanding O -of O -the O -antigen O -has O -made O -it O -possible O -to O -consider O -the O -use O -of O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -as O -a O -means O -of O -vaccination O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -purified O -from O -sera O -, O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -consists O -of O -at O -least O -seven O -polypeptides O -, O -two O -of O -which O -appear O -to O -be O -glycoproteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -antigenically O -distinct O -subtypes O -, O -adw O -and O -ayw O -, O -of O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -) O -, O -have O -been O -purified O -from O -the O -plasma O -of O -anicteric O -hepatitis O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Antisera O -, O -prepared O -in O -guinea O -pigs O -to O -individual O -polypeptides O -derived O -from O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -subtypes O -adw O -and O -ayw O -, O -reacted O -with O -both O -the O -group O -- O -and O -type O -- O -specific O -antigenic O -determinants O -associated O -with O -the O -intact O -particles O -. O - -aps B-category -Specific O -antipolypeptide O -sera O -will O -be O -utilized O -to O -determine O -whether O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -components O -are O -synthesized O -as O -specific O -viral O -products O -or O -are O -composed O -of O -components O -of O -modified O -host O -- O -cell O -molecules O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -, O -Tween O -80 O -and O -mercaptoethanol O -also O -had O -no O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Initial O -work O -showed O -that O -all O -hepatitis O -B O -surface O -antigens O -( O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -) O -were O -identical O -. O - -aps B-category -Subtypes O -of O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -are O -already O -of O -great O -use O -in O -the O -epidemiology O -of O -hepatitis O -B O -virus O -infections O -; O -yet O -they O -may O -have O -additional O -significance O -. O - -aps B-category -Serotypes O -of O -hepatitis O -B O -antigen O -( O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -) O -: O -the O -problem O -of O -" O -new O -" O -determinants O -, O -as O -exemplified O -by O -" O -t O -" O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -members O -of O -each O -pair O -are O -in O -general O -mutually O -exclusive O -, O -resulting O -in O -four O -" O -primary O -" O -phentoypes O -of O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -: O -adw O -, O -adr O -, O -ayw O -, O -and O -ayr O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purification O -of O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -is O -briefly O -discussed O -with O -emphasis O -on O -the O -immunochemical O -characterization O -of O -the O -resulting O -preparations O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -distinct O -antigen O -- O -antibody O -systems O -are O -associated O -with O -the O -hepatitis O -B O -virus O -( O -HBV O -) O -: O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -) O -and O -antibody O -( O -anti O -- O -HBs O -) O -and O -the O -more O -recently O -described O -hepatitis O -B O -core O -antigen O -( O -HBc O -Ag O -) O -and O -antibody O -( O -anti O -- O -HBc O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -frequency O -distribution O -of O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -in O -different O -parts O -of O -the O -world O -reveals O -a O -relatively O -high O -frequency O -among O -healthy O -members O -of O -population O -groups O -inhabiting O -areas O -of O -high O -incidence O -of O -liver O -cell O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -geographic O -areas O -with O -low O -incidence O -of O -liver O -cell O -carcinoma O -and O -macronodular O -cirrhosis O -, O -a O -relatively O -low O -frequency O -of O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -is O -usually O -encountered O -in O -the O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subtypes O -of O -the O -antigen O -do O -not O -correlate O -with O -the O -incidence O -of O -liver O -cell O -carcinoma O -and O -there O -is O -also O -no O -correlation O -between O -alpha O -fetoprotein O -and O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -liver O -cell O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -would O -appear O -that O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -is O -necrogenic O -in O -the O -liver O -and O -is O -capable O -of O -producing O -hepatic O -necroses O -or O -hepatitis O -which O -may O -progress O -to O -macronodular O -cirrhosis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -patients O -with O -hepatitis O -type O -B O -or O -non O -- O -B O -hepatitis O -not O -epidemiologically O -compatible O -with O -a O -diagnosis O -of O -hepatitis O -type O -A O -did O -not O -have O -a O -serologic O -response O -to O -hepatitis O -A O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -( O -25 O -mug O -/ O -kg O -body O -wt O -per O -day O -) O -to O -rats O -made O -hypothyroid O -by O -means O -of O -the O -antithyroid O -drug O -aminotriazole O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -g O -/ O -kg O -of O -foof O -) O -returned O -responsiveness O -to O -control O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Increase O -in O -tail O -skin O -temperature O -induced O -in O -euthyroid O -rats O -by O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -was O -blocked O -by O -administration O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -( O -7 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -ip O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -hypothyroidism O -appears O -to O -be O -accompanied O -by O -a O -reduced O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -responsiveness O -as O -assessed O -by O -changes O -in O -tail O -skin O -temperature O -, O -water O -intake O -, O -and O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -after O -injection O -of O -isoproterenol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Sperm O -morphology O -was O -found O -abnormal O -in O -+ O -/ O -- O -30 O -% O -of O -the O -sperm O -heads O -, O -which O -contained O -a O -rounded O -, O -often O -circular O -hypochromatic O -body O -( O -eosin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nigrosin I-Chemical -stain O -) O -about O -2 O -mum O -in O -diameter O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -structure O -of O -nucleosides B-Chemical -in O -relation O -to O -their O -biological O -and O -and O -biochemical O -activity O -: O -a O -summary O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -had O -an O -increase O -in O -free O -thyroxine B-Chemical -index O -, O -PBI O -, O -T4 O -and O -PBI O -/ O -T4 O -ratio O -, O -an O -absence O -of O -thyroidal O -radioiodine O -uptake O -and O -no O -increase O -in O -plasma O -TSH O -after O -TRH O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -elenolate O -, O -an O -antiviral O -agent O -which O -inhibits O -reverse O -transcriptases O -, O -inhibits O -the O -growth O -of O -chicken O -embryo O -fibroblast O -cells O -, O -as O -well O -as O -Echerichia O -coli O -and O -Bacillus O -subtilis O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -dermal O -infiltrative O -disorder O -responsive O -to O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Metiamide O -: O -an O -antagonist O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -gastric O -acid O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -same O -preparations O -its O -action O -on O -pepsin O -following O -food O -, O -pentagastrin O -or O -2 O -deoxy B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -d I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -was O -nonsignificant O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -action O -of O -every O -acid O -stimulant O -was O -depressed O -by O -metiamide O -including O -the O -direct O -vagal O -action O -of O -deoxy B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -d I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -on O -the O -innervated O -stomach O -. O - -aps B-category -Pepsin O -stimulation O -does O -not O -seem O -to O -be O -via O -H2 O -receptors O -with O -the O -esception O -of O -stimulation O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -itself O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -a O -latent O -state O -of O -hyperandrogenism O -may O -be O -detected O -in O -some O -epileptic O -patients O -with O -intractable O -seizures O -and O -that O -chlormadinone O -may O -reduce O -convulsive O -attacks O -in O -these O -patients O -, O -probably O -by O -decreasing O -testosterone B-Chemical -plasma O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -a O -latent O -state O -of O -hyperandrogenism O -may O -be O -detected O -in O -some O -epileptic O -patients O -with O -intractable O -seizures O -and O -that O -chlormadinone O -may O -reduce O -convulsive O -attacks O -in O -these O -patients O -, O -probably O -by O -decreasing O -plasma O -testosterone B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -four O -glc O -mutants O -examined O -, O -none O -form O -myxospores O -in O -response O -to O -the O -alternative O -inducers O -, O -ethylene O -glycol O -and O -dimethyl B-Chemical -sulphoxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -staining O -of O -microbodies O -was O -H2O2 B-Chemical -dependent O -, O -appeared O -to O -be O -optimal O -at O -pH O -10 O -. O -5 O -, O -diminished O -below O -pH O -10 O -and O -was O -inhibited O -by O -20 O -mM O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -4 O -triazole O -( O -AT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Microbodies O -and O -mitochondria O -were O -also O -stained O -when O -H2O2 B-Chemical -was O -replaced O -by O -methanol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -radionuclide O -scans O -( O -liver O -, O -bone O -, O -and O -brain O -scans O -and O -whole O -- O -body O -scans O -using O -bleomycin B-Chemical -tagged O -with O -radioactive O -indium O -[ O -111In O -] O -) O -performed O -on O -100 O -melanoma O -patients O -during O -their O -initial O -evaluation O -were O -reviewed O -to O -determined O -whether O -or O -not O -they O -effected O -a O -change O -in O -clinical O -staging O -or O -therapeutic O -decision O -. O - -aps B-category -Combination O -of O -protion O -yellow O -with O -dyes O -of O -other O -groups O -and O -silver B-Chemical -nitrate B-Chemical -impregnation O -improves O -the O -stability O -of O -staining O -. O - -aps B-category -Increased O -DNA O -chain O -breakage O -by O -combined O -action O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -and O -superoxide B-Chemical -radical O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -particular O -effect O -of O -DSCG O -( O -2 O -times O -10 O -( O -- O -6 O -) O -/ O -2 O -times O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -on O -the O -tonus O -of O -guinea O -pig O -ileum O -or O -an O -interaction O -with O -contractor O -activity O -due O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -( O -3 O -times O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -/ O -1 O -times O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -g O -/ O -ml O -) O -has O -not O -been O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -injection O -of O -aqueous O -cotton O -dust O -extract O -was O -not O -inhibited O -by O -DSCG O -( O -2 O -times O -10 O -( O -- O -8 O -) O -/ O -2 O -times O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -g O -/ O -ml O -) O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -liberation O -was O -rather O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -clinical O -observations O -suggesting O -that O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -may O -suppress O -premature O -ventricular O -complexes O -during O -acute O -ischaemia O -, O -a O -study O -was O -undertaken O -to O -assess O -the O -effect O -of O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -on O -the O -incidence O -of O -premature O -ventricular O -complexes O -in O -patients O -with O -acute O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -total O -premature O -ventricular O -complex O -count O -for O -the O -26 O -patients O -for O -15 O -minutes O -before O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -was O -592 O -, O -and O -276 O -for O -the O -15 O -minutes O -after O -the O -drug O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -005 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -first O -hour O -after O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -, O -the O -premature O -ventricular O -complex O -count O -decreased O -by O -58 O -per O -cent O -, O -and O -the O -second O -and O -third O -hours O -showed O -a O -decrease O -from O -control O -count O -of O -71 O -and O -65 O -per O -cent O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -nitroglycerin B-Chemical -is O -not O -elucidated O -by O -this O -study O -, O -but O -the O -observation O -may O -be O -of O -value O -in O -further O -studies O -of O -specific O -antiarrhythmic O -therapy O -and O -prevention O -of O -arrhythmias O -in O -patients O -with O -coronary O -artery O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -in O -all O -groups O -had O -similar O -average O -heart O -rate O -, O -blood O -pressure O -, O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -and O -arterial O -pH O -and O -PCO2 O -values O -during O -the O -first O -10 O -hours O -after O -admission O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -and O -bovine O -antithrombin O -II O -/ O -III O -have O -been O -isolated O -by O -a O -simple O -procedure O -essentially O -using O -only O -affinity O -chromatography O -on O -heparin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -agarose I-Chemical -and O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -precipitation O -. O - -aps B-category -End O -group O -analysis O -of O -human O -antithrombin O -II O -/ O -III O -shows O -histidine O -as O -the O -N O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -rapid O -inhibition O -of O -bacterial O -cytidine O -deaminase O -by O -3 O -, O -4 O -, O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -tetrahydrouridine O -, O -the O -onset O -of O -inhibition O -of O -the O -enzyme O -from O -human O -liver O -was O -found O -to O -be O -relatively O -slow O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -of O -two O -forms O -of O -rat O -alpha O -- O -fetoprotein O -and O -comparison O -of O -their O -binding O -parameters O -with O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17beta I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -point O -to O -the O -existence O -of O -a O -molecular O -population O -of O -alpha1 O -- O -fetoprotein O -, O -some O -forms O -of O -which O -have O -a O -strong O -or O -very O -strong O -affinity O -, O -and O -some O -a O -negligible O -affinity O -, O -for O -estrogens B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Gramicidin O -induces O -a O -marked O -Na O -+ O -- O -dependent O -efflux O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -from O -Ehrlich O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Glycine O -efflux O -caused O -by O -HgCl2 O -is O -neither O -Na O -+ O -dependent O -nor O -inhibitable O -by O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antibiotic O -appears O -to O -permit O -a O -reversal O -in O -the O -direction O -of O -of O -the O -operation O -of O -the O -Na O -+ O -- O -dependent O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -clinical O -comparison O -of O -the O -tumour O -- O -imaging O -radiopharmaceuticals O -67Gallium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -and O -111Indium O -- O -labelled O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -28 O -scanning O -examinations O -using O -the O -agents O -sequentially O -, O -67Gallium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -provided O -a O -more O -satisfactory O -tumour O -image O -and O -had O -closer O -clinical O -correlation O -with O -known O -sites O -of O -disease O -in O -14 O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -number O -of O -biopsy O -samples O -of O -spleen O -, O -liver O -and O -lymph O -nodes O -were O -obtained O -from O -patients O -undergoing O -staging O -laparotomies O -for O -lymphomas O -in O -whom O -small O -doses O -of O -67Gallium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -and O -111Indium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bleomycin I-Chemical -had O -been O -injected O -shortly O -before O -operation O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -67Gallium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -is O -a O -more O -useful O -tumour O -- O -imaging O -agent O -than O -111Indium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bleomycin I-Chemical -, O -at O -least O -for O -lesions O -situated O -above O -the O -diaphragm O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -pretreatment O -with O -local O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -on O -antibody O -- O -forming O -cells O -in O -the O -eye O -and O -draining O -lymph O -nodes O -. O - -aps B-category -Steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -eyes O -were O -less O -inflammed O -than O -control O -eyes O -. O - -aps B-category -Axonal O -transport O -of O -labelled O -protein O -was O -studied O -in O -rat O -sciatic O -nerve O -by O -analyzing O -nerve O -segments O -at O -intervals O -after O -injection O -of O -L O -- O -[ O -3H O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -into O -the O -lumbar O -spinal O -cord O -. O - -aps B-category -Vitamins O -have O -specific O -effects O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -certain O -carcinogens O -, O -the O -fullest O -information O -being O -available O -for O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -, O -which O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -inhibit O -or O -enhance O -carcinogenesis O -, O -and O -vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -, O -which O -by O -reducing O -sodium B-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -, O -prevents O -nitrosation O -of O -secondary O -and O -tertiary O -amines B-Chemical -occurring O -in O -acidic O -conditions O -of O -the O -stomach O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -dietary O -effects O -on O -chemical O -carcinogenesis O -in O -rats O -have O -demonstrated O -that O -colon O -tumor O -induction O -is O -enhanced O -by O -increased O -dietary O -fat O -intake O -or O -dietary O -deficiency O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -in O -some O -but O -not O -all O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Action O -of O -vincristine B-Chemical -on O -axonal O -flow O -and O -neurotubules O -in O -the O -paraventricular O -and O -supraoptic O -nuclei O -. O - -aps B-category -Identification O -of O -the O -vasopressin B-Chemical -producing O -and O -of O -the O -oxytocin B-Chemical -producing O -neurons O -in O -the O -hypothalamic O -magnocellular O -neurosecretroy O -system O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -the O -vasopressin B-Chemical -neurons O -and O -the O -oxytocin B-Chemical -neurons O -are O -present O -in O -both O -the O -supraoptic O -and O -the O -paraventricular O -nuclei O -in O -about O -the O -same O -number O -. O - -aps B-category -35 O -- O -S O -- O -antithyroid O -drug O -concentration O -and O -organic O -binding O -of O -iodine B-Chemical -in O -the O -human O -thyroid O -. O - -aps B-category -Intrathyroidal O -inhibition O -or O -organic O -binding O -of O -iodine B-Chemical -by O -MMI O -, O -carbimazole B-Chemical -and O -PTU O -was O -measured O -after O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -131I O -, O -132I O -or O -125I O -- O -iodide O -. O - -aps B-category -35S O -- O -MMI O -was O -found O -in O -thyroid O -and O -plasma O -samples O -after O -administration O -of O -35S B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbimazole I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -carbimazole B-Chemical -and O -MMI O -can O -be O -given O -once O -or O -twice O -daily O -in O -some O -patients O -but O -PTU O -would O -be O -less O -suitable O -for O -this O -dose O -schedule O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -low O -- O -molecular O -- O -weight O -protein O -, O -beta2 O -- O -mu O -, O -isolated O -from O -urine O -and O -other O -biological O -fluids O -was O -shown O -to O -have O -an O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -related O -to O -constant O -regions O -of O -the O -immunoglobulin O -heavy O -chain O -- O -- O -to O -CH3 O -comain O -in O -particular O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -progressed O -to O -tracheal O -compression O -with O -stridor O -after O -he O -had O -taken O -some O -aspirin B-Chemical -for O -relief O -of O -the O -neck O -pain O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -ammoniacal O -silver B-Chemical -staining O -procedure O -, O -designated O -Ag O -- O -AS O -, O -differentially O -stains O -the O -chromosomal O -locations O -of O -ribosomal O -DNA O -in O -certain O -mammalian O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Chinese O -hamster O -fibroblasts O -were O -synchronized O -and O -given O -5 O -- O -bromodeoxyuridine O -for O -DNA O -synthesis O -except O -during O -one O -hour O -of O -the O -S O -phase O -when O -thymidine B-Chemical -was O -present O -in O -the O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Failure O -of O -the O -pale O -stained O -chromatids O -to O -restore O -Giemsa O -affinity O -with O -urea B-Chemical -and O -trypsin O -and O -the O -diminished O -Feulgen O -reaction O -after O -light O -exposure O -suggest O -that O -not O -masking O -proteins O -but O -photolysis O -of O -the O -BrdU O -- O -incorporation O -chromatid O -components O -in O -the O -present O -of O -photosensitive O -dyes O -play O -a O -role O -in O -the O -differential O -staining O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -in O -the O -effects O -of O -marijuana O -on O -EEG O -patterns O -in O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -Behavioral O -changes O -and O -alterations O -in O -the O -spontaneous O -EEG O -indicated O -that O -pretreatment O -with O -drugs O -affecting O -brain O -levels O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -was O -most O -effective O -in O -altering O -the O -dual O -properties O -of O -acute O -marijuana O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -epileptic O -focus O -established O -by O -local O -application O -of O -1 O -% O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -on O -the O -exposed O -motor O -cortex O -increased O -the O -frequency O -of O -reaching O -with O -the O -ipsilateral O -paw O -and O -impaired O -reaching O -with O -the O -contralateral O -paw O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -plasma O -binding O -on O -sexual O -differentiation O -of O -the O -rat O -fetus O -. O - -aps B-category -R O -2858 O -interferes O -more O -markedly O -than O -estradiol B-Chemical -with O -the O -sexual O -differentiation O -of O -the O -male O -rat O -fetus O -following O -treatment O -of O -the O -mother O -during O -the O -final O -stages O -of O -gestation O -. O - -aps B-category -Free O -aldehyde B-Chemical -groups O -were O -absent O -. O - -aps B-category -Well O -known O -histochemical O -methods O -, O -including O -those O -for O -choline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -phospholipids O -were O -employed O -. O - -aps B-category -Presentation O -of O -the O -commomly O -used O -procedures O -for O -the O -extraction O -and O -separation O -of O -total O -lipids O -, O -glycolipids O -and O -phosholipids O -from O -fresh O -and O -formalin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fixed I-Chemical -organs O -tissues O -( O -brain O -, O -liver O -, O -spleen O -, O -kidney O -) O -as O -well O -as O -from O -serum O -, O -CSF O -and O -urine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -late O -replication O -pattern O -of O -the O -short O -arms O -of O -the O -X O -chromosomes O -of O -Microtus O -agrestis O -was O -studied O -in O -female O -cells O -and O -in O -cells O -with O -2 O -X O -chromosomes O -of O -male O -origin O -by O -means O -of O -the O -BUdR O -- O -Giemsa O -technique O -and O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -labelling O -. O - -aps B-category -Preparation O -and O -immunochemical O -characterization O -of O -a O -water O -- O -soluble O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptor O -fraction O -from O -the O -electric O -organ O -tissue O -of O -the O -electric O -eel O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -thymus O -- O -independent O -immunogen O -, O -trinitrophenylated O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -( O -TNP O -- O -LPS O -) O -has O -been O -studied O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -in O -C3H O -/ O -He O -and O -C3H O -/ O -HeJ O -strains O -of O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -the O -quality O -of O -the O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -on O -mouse O -virulence O -of O -Salmonella O -enteritidis O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunologically O -specific O -production O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -in O -cultures O -of O -rabbit O -blood O -lymphocytes O -: O -association O -with O -in O -vitro O -tests O -for O -cell O -- O -mediated O -immunity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -incorporation O -of O -lymphoma O -cells O -growing O -in O -suspension O -, O -and O -the O -radioactive O -- O -chromium O -release O -of O -freshly O -sampled O -lymphoma O -cells O -regularly O -added O -to O -the O -culture O -, O -have O -been O -compared O -to O -determine O -the O -part O -played O -by O -immune O -lymphoid O -cells O -in O -cytolysis O -and O -cytostasis O -of O -the O -tumor O -- O -cell O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -endogenous O -concentrations O -of O -certain O -androgens B-Chemical -and O -estrogens B-Chemical -have O -been O -quantified O -in O -the O -plasma O -and O -prostatic O -tissue O -from O -normal O -dogs O -and O -dogs O -with O -benign O -prostatic O -hypertrophy O -( O -BPH O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -in O -the O -tissue O -and O -plasma O -of O -both O -normal O -dogs O -and O -dogs O -exceeded O -the O -concentration O -of O -either O -estrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -normal O -dogs O -and O -dogs O -with O -BPH O -revealed O -that O -in O -both O -the O -plasma O -and O -prostatic O -tissue O -the O -concentrations O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -and O -estrone O -were O -significantly O -elevated O -( O -P O -less O -tha O -0 O -. O -05 O -) O -in O -the O -BPH O -dogs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synaptic O -densities O -in O -rat O -CNS O -were O -demonstrated O -using O -an O -alcohol B-Chemical -solution O -of O -uranyl O -acetate O -at O -pH O -5 O -. O -0 O -- O -6 O -. O -0 O -of O -unosmicated O -material O -. O - -aps B-category -Staining O -by O -Alcian O -blue O -in O -3 O -% O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -Alcian O -blue O -in O -various O -MgCl2 O -concentration O -and O -toluidine O -blue O -( O -pH O -4 O -. O -5 O -) O -was O -employed O -. O - -aps B-category -Flow O -through O -microfluorometry O -of O -phenantridium O -and O -fluoresceinisothiocyanate O -stained O -HeLa O -cells O -showed O -the O -absence O -of O -extranuclear O -RNA O -related O -fluorescence O -after O -prolonged O -hydrolysis O -of O -cells O -in O -ethanolic O -barium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -phosphotransferase O -of O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -21 O -- O -75 O -was O -purified O -by O -affinity O -chromatography O -using O -dibekacin O -- O -Sephadex O -4B O -or O -lividomycin O -A O -- O -Sepharose O -4B O -followed O -by O -DEAE O -Sephadex O -A O -- O -50 O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -enzyme O -was O -designated O -aminoglycoside B-Chemical -3 O -' O -- O -phosphotransferase O -III O -. O - -aps B-category -Survival O -of O -the O -ascospores O -remained O -high O -during O -treatment O -with O -2 O -- O -methoxy O -- O -6 O -- O -chloro O -- O -9 O -- O -( O -3 O -- O -[ O -ethyl O -- O -2 O -- O -hydroxyethyl O -] O -aminopropylamino O -) O -acridine O -- O -2HC1 O -( O -ICR O -- O -170 O -- O -OH O -) O -or O -2 O -, O -7 O -- O -diamino O -- O -10 O -- O -ethyl O -- O -9 O -- O -phenyl O -- O -phenanthridinium O -bromide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -determinant O -( O -s O -) O -of O -residues O -90 O -to O -170 O -involved O -the O -region O -around O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -at O -position O -116 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -granules O -exhibited O -a O -marked O -affinity O -for O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -and O -were O -interconnected O -via O -their O -filamentous O -projections O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -matrix O -granules O -contain O -some O -hyaluronic O -acid O -and O -one O -or O -more O -isomers O -of O -chondroitin B-Chemical -sulfate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ruthenium B-Chemical -red I-Chemical -also O -exhibited O -an O -affinity O -for O -the O -surface O -coat O -of O -the O -smooth O -muscle O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -cloned O -hybrid O -cells O -( O -A O -/ O -Bm O -- O -5 O -) O -were O -grown O -to O -confluence O -and O -fixed O -in O -glutaraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -calcium I-Chemical -, O -electron O -- O -opaque O -deposits O -were O -observed O -on O -the O -cytoplasmic O -faces O -of O -plasma O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Deposits O -were O -present O -with O -or O -without O -heavy O -metal O -staining O -but O -did O -not O -appear O -when O -calcium B-Chemical -was O -omitted O -from O -the O -fixative O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -chromatograms O -have O -been O -sprayed O -with O -a O -permanganate O -- O -sulphuric O -acid O -oxidative O -reagent O -and O -the O -reaction O -has O -been O -terminated O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -hydrogen B-Chemical -sulphite O -, O -the O -plates O -are O -sprayed O -with O -the O -colour O -- O -developing O -reagent O -( O -an O -acid O -solution O -of O -alcian O -blue O -or O -toluidine O -blue O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -- O -dimensional O -characterization O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -actinomycin O -hydrolysates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -classification O -of O -existing O -actinomycins O -and O -the O -identification O -of O -new O -actinomycins O -are O -dependent O -on O -the O -characterization O -and O -quantitation O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -present O -in O -the O -peptide O -chains O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -separated O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -identified O -by O -two O -parameters O -, O -the O -chromatographic O -Rf O -value O -and O -the O -electrophoretic O -mobility O -calculated O -relative O -to O -some O -standard O -migrating O -compound O -. O - -aps B-category -Protein O -- O -bound O -iodine B-Chemical -of O -plasma O -for O -all O -cows O -were O -within O -the O -normal O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -Histochemical O -localization O -of O -glutathione B-Chemical -in O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reliability O -and O -specificity O -of O -the O -method O -has O -been O -investigated O -by O -comparing O -the O -rates O -of O -reaction O -in O -tissue O -and O -gelatin O -sections O -and O -after O -depletion O -of O -GSH O -in O -liver O -by O -diethyl O -maleate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -liberation O -of O -purine B-Chemical -bases O -was O -analyzed O -by O -ultraviolet O -absorbance O -measurements O -and O -by O -gel O -chromatography O -of O -the O -neutralized O -hydrolysing O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -depolymerization O -process O -was O -followed O -by O -phosphorus B-Chemical -determinations O -. O - -aps B-category -Conversion O -of O -the O -generated O -aldehyde B-Chemical -groups O -to O -APA O -- O -Schiff O -chromophore O -is O -shown O -to O -take O -place O -with O -the O -same O -stoichiometry O -for O -both O -types O -of O -nuclei O -as O -well O -as O -for O -DNA O -in O -model O -films O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -this O -study O -of O -photographic O -densitometry O -, O -sections O -of O -cartilage O -stained O -with O -Alcian O -Blue O -, O -safranin O -O O -and O -high O -iron B-Chemical -diamine O -were O -photographed O -at O -x40 O -with O -Nikon O -photomicrography O -equipment O -on O -Kodak O -Panatomic O -X O -film O -with O -appropriate O -filters O -to O -enhance O -contrast B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -method O -of O -silver B-Chemical -analysis O -has O -advantages O -over O -earlier O -studies O -which O -used O -silver B-Chemical -elution O -to O -determine O -photographic O -densitometry O -in O -its O -technical O -ease O -, O -accuracy O -and O -sensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -on O -collagen O -breakdown O -and O -tissue O -collagenolytic O -activity O -in O -the O -involuting O -rat O -uterus O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -72 O -h O -post O -partum O -, O -uteri O -of O -rats O -treated O -with O -150 O -mg O -progesterone B-Chemical -/ O -day O -had O -wet O -weights O -30 O -% O -above O -, O -collagen O -85 O -% O -above O -, O -and O -collagenolytic O -activity O -45 O -% O -below O -, O -those O -of O -the O -control O -uteri O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -lysosomotrophic O -drugs O -, O -neutral O -red O -and O -chloroquine B-Chemical -, O -enhance O -polyinosinic O -: O -polycytidylic O -acid O -- O -induced O -interferon B-Chemical -production O -by O -a O -strain O -of O -diploid O -human O -fibroblasts O -( O -FS O -- O -4 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -neutral O -red O -is O -a O -very O -potent O -inhibitor O -of O -uridine B-Chemical -transport O -into O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -cells O -with O -chloroquine B-Chemical -at O -low O -concentration O -( O -25 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -) O -for O -a O -prolonged O -period O -of O -time O -( O -24 O -h O -) O -caused O -approximately O -40 O -% O -reduction O -in O -the O -rate O -of O -protein O -degradation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -strongly O -suggests O -that O -inhibition O -of O -intralysosomal O -protein O -degradation O -does O -not O -significantly O -contribute O -to O -interferon B-Chemical -superinduction O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -( O -5 O -or O -50 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -for O -5 O -h O -) O -inhibited O -the O -rate O -of O -degradation O -of O -the O -rapidly O -turning O -over O -component O -by O -10 O -% O -and O -the O -slow O -component O -by O -30 O -- O -40 O -% O -, O -which O -suggests O -that O -the O -two O -components O -turn O -over O -by O -distinct O -cellular O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -target O -antigens O -of O -the O -CTL O -generated O -were O -present O -on O -both O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -concanavalin O -- O -induced O -blast O -lymphocytes O -, O -but O -were O -barely O -detectable O -on O -phytohemagglutinin O -- O -induced O -blast O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Axoplasmic O -transport O -of O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -activity O -in O -mice O -: O -effect O -of O -age O -and O -neurotomy O -. O - -aps B-category -Bleomycin O -, O -an O -anticancer O -drug O -, O -was O -labeled O -with O -99mTc O -using O -stannous O -chloride B-Chemical -and O -ascorbic O -acid O -and O -specific O -activities O -of O -1 O -- O -3 O -mCi O -/ O -mg O -- O -eq O -with O -labeling O -efficiencies O -of O -50 O -- O -75 O -% O -were O -achieved O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -positive O -tumor O -images O -were O -obtained O -by O -scintigraphy O -as O -early O -as O -1 O -hr O -after O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -3 O -- O -5 O -mCi O -of O -99mTc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bleomycin I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -93 O -cases O -with O -various O -malignant O -tumors O -, O -tumor O -was O -detected O -in O -80 O -% O -using O -99mTc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bleomycin I-Chemical -and O -in O -63 O -% O -using O -67Ga B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -with O -inflammatory O -diseases O -, O -accumulation O -in O -lesions O -was O -detected O -in O -13 O -% O -using O -99mTc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bleomycin I-Chemical -and O -in O -48 O -% O -using O -67Ga B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Technetium O -- O -99m O -labeling O -by O -means O -of O -stannous O -pyrophosphate O -: O -application O -to O -bleomycin B-Chemical -and O -red O -blood O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -purification O -step O -is O -performed O -after O -labeling O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -experiments O -provide O -strong O -evidence O -that O -microtubules O -are O -components O -of O -the O -system O -responsible O -for O -the O -intra O -- O -axonal O -migration O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -storage O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oral O -adminitration O -of O -Tamoxifen B-Chemical -on O -Days O -2 O -, O -3 O -and O -4 O -after O -mating O -, O -or O -on O -Day O -2 O -only O -, O -was O -found O -to O -prevent O -the O -oestrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -surface O -- O -coat O -change O -of O -the O -late O -preimplantation O -blastocyst O -in O -the O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proportion O -of O -motile O -spermatozoa O -in O -bull O -semen O -diluted O -with O -phosphate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -buffered I-Chemical -saline O -, O -citrate B-Chemical -or O -milk O -has O -been O -estimated O -both O -photographically O -and O -with O -an O -image O -- O -analysing O -computer O -. O - -aps B-category -Preservation O -of O -differential O -staining O -of O -spermatozoa O -by O -formol O -citrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -treatment O -with O -a O -number O -of O -different O -fixatives O -, O -erythrocytes O -on O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -coated I-Chemical -copper B-Chemical -grids O -were O -also O -etched O -and O -examined O -directly O -in O -a O -high O -voltage O -electron O -microscope O -at O -1 O -MV O -. O - -aps B-category -the O -ratio O -of O -the O -frequency O -changes O -indicated O -that O -the O -etch O -rate O -of O -albumen O -was O -approximately O -2 O -- O -5 O -times O -that O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -To O -examine O -further O -the O -dependence O -of O -immunological O -cross O -- O -reactivity O -on O -sequence O -resemblance O -among O -proteins O -, O -we O -carried O -out O -micro O -- O -complement O -fixation O -studies O -with O -rabbit O -antisera O -to O -bacterial O -azurins O -of O -known O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antigenic O -effects O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -substitutions O -are O -thus O -approximately O -equal O -and O -approximately O -additive O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -digested O -material O -migrates O -as O -protein O -of O -about O -60 O -, O -000 O -to O -65 O -, O -000 O -molecular O -weight O -on O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfatepolyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Clinical O -comparison O -of O -plasma O -substitutes O -, O -dextran B-Chemical -and O -hydroxyethyl O -starch O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Distribution O -of O -the O -bleomycin B-Chemical -A2 O -suspended O -in O -sesame O -oil O -( O -Oil O -Bleo O -Suspension O -) O -in O -rat O -organs O -and O -tumors O -after O -the O -intramuscular O -administration O -was O -investigated O -by O -bioassay O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -intratumor O -administration O -of O -the O -suspension O -on O -the O -growth O -of O -rat O -mammary O -carcinoma O -induced O -by O -7 O -, O -12 O -- O -dimethylbenz O -( O -a O -) O -anthracene O -was O -also O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -studies O -should O -be O -performed O -on O -the O -effect O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -A O -, O -in O -sesami O -oil O -on O -mammary O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Certain O -pathogenetic O -mechanisms O -of O -development O -of O -atherosclerosis O -in O -dogs O -, O -induced O -without O -the O -use O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Juxtaglomerular O -cell O -granules O -and O -renal O -tubular O -cell O -lysosomes O -were O -found O -to O -be O -argentaphobic O -when O -ultrathin O -sections O -of O -Araldite O -- O -embedded O -kidneys O -were O -stained O -according O -to O -the O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thiocarbohydrazide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -silver I-Chemical -proteinate O -technique O -of O -Thiéry O -( O -Thiéry O -, O -J O -. O -P O -. O -J O -. O -Microsc O -. O - -aps B-category -Colloidal O -iron B-Chemical -also O -stained O -the O -cell O -coats O -of O -both O -justaglomerular O -and O -tubular O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -received O -only O -volunteer O -donor O -blood O -tested O -for O -hepatitis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBsAg B-Chemical -) O -prior O -to O -transfusion O -by O -counterelectrophoresis O -( O -C O -. O -E O -. O -P O -. O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -- O -bromo O -- O -alpha O -- O -ergocryptine O -( O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -) O -in O -a O -dosage O -of O -2 O -- O -5 O -mg O -twice O -daily O -caused O -a O -rapid O -fall O -in O -plasma O -prolactin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -protracted O -P O -. O -C O -. O -M O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -necessity O -for O -this O -investigation O -is O -considerably O -reduced O -when O -a O -positive O -contribution O -towards O -patient O -management O -is O -the O -main O -criterion O -for O -its O -use O -, O -when O -there O -is O -effective O -interdisciplinary O -cooperation O -, O -and O -when O -a O -double B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -contrast I-Chemical -barium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -meal I-Chemical -technique O -is O -routinely O -employed O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Release O -of O -peripheral O -dopamine B-Chemical -during O -stress O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Uraemia O -, O -gram O -- O -negative O -sepsis O -, O -and O -gentamicin B-Chemical -assays O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -liver O -disease O -developing O -after O -outbreak O -of O -HBsAG B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -negative I-Chemical -hepatitis O -in O -haemodialysis O -unit O -. O - -aps B-category -Chronic O -persistent O -hepatitis O -was O -present O -in O -2 O -others O -, O -and O -the O -remaining O -2 O -had O -non O -- O -specific O -hepatitis O -in O -association O -with O -massive O -iron B-Chemical -overload O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -stimulation O -by O -non O -- O -specific O -mitogens O -was O -poor O -in O -most O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -strains O -were O -identified O -as O -Haemophilus O -influezae O -type O -b O -, O -and O -were O -sensitive O -to O -ampicillin B-Chemical -, O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -, O -and O -trimethoprim B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Resistance O -was O -also O -demonstrated O -to O -doxycycline O -, O -oxytetracycline O -, O -and O -rolitetracycline O -and O -, O -in O -one O -strain O -, O -to O -minocycline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -two O -months O -' O -penicillin B-Chemical -therapy O -the O -extent O -and O -severity O -of O -the O -histological O -abnormality O -was O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -the O -plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -aldosterone I-Chemical -response O -to O -frusemide O -by O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -dopamine B-Chemical -may O -modulate O -the O -normal O -secretion O -of O -aldosterone B-Chemical -either O -directly O -, O -or O -indirectly O -, O -possible O -by O -inhibition O -of O -prolactin O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Tryptophan O -/ O -imipramine B-Chemical -in O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenytoin I-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Gentamicin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Cholesterol B-Chemical -contrast B-Chemical -of O -tube O -feeds O -. O - -aps B-category -Highly O -buffered O -acetylsalicylate B-Chemical -was O -used O -to O -treat O -diarrhoea O -and O -other O -gastrointestinal O -side O -- O -effects O -of O -radiotherapy O -in O -28 O -women O -who O -were O -receiving O -treatment O -for O -uterine O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -diabetes O -insipidus O -with O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -eighth O -patient O -a O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -and O -clofibrate O -combination O -was O -effective O -but O -in O -the O -ninth O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -was O -without O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -Editorial O -: O -Aspirin B-Chemical -, O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -, O -and O -the O -gut O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -and O -hepatic O -coma O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -in O -parkinsonism O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethanol I-Chemical -in O -liver O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -human O -serum O -with O -crystalline O -cholesterol B-Chemical -which O -had O -been O -pulverised O -by O -sonication O -resulted O -in O -a O -measurable O -uptake O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -by O -the O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -solubilised O -0 O -- O -36 O -mg O -of O -additional O -cholesterol B-Chemical -/ O -mg O -of O -protein O -, O -while O -the O -remaining O -bulk O -of O -the O -lipoproteins O -lacked O -this O -property O -. O - -aps B-category -values O -with O -increasing O -levels O -of O -serum O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -triglycerides B-Chemical -among O -the O -controls O -, O -but O -this O -trend O -was O -virtually O -lost O -among O -the O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Sixteen O -patients O -with O -bird O -- O -fancier O -' O -s O -lung O -were O -screened O -for O -evidence O -of O -coeliac O -disease O -by O -assessing O -their O -clinical O -features O -, O -red O -- O -bloodcell O -or O -serum O -folate B-Chemical -levels O -, O -and O -serum O -for O -reticulin O -antibodies O -. O - -aps B-category -Identification O -of O -cholecystokinin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -secreting I-Chemical -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Risk O -of O -hepatic O -coma O -in O -paracetamol B-Chemical -poisoning O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Liver O -lesions O -and O -androgenic O -steroid B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Danger O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -during O -pelvic O -irradiation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -expected O -steady O -rise O -in O -alkaline O -phosphate B-Chemical -during O -pregnancy O -due O -to O -increase O -in O -the O -placental O -isoenzyme O -, O -and O -the O -fall O -in O -total O -Ca O -due O -to O -haemodilution O -, O -were O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -coagulation O -system O -was O -studied O -in O -twenty O -- O -seven O -patients O -undergoing O -second O -- O -trimester O -abortion O -induced O -by O -intra O -- O -amniotic O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -( O -P O -. O -G O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Changes O -consistent O -with O -intravascular O -coagulation O -, O -namely O -a O -rise O -in O -fibrin O -degradation O -products O -and O -a O -fall O -in O -plasma O -- O -fibrinogen O -and O -platelet O -- O -count O -, O -were O -observed O -in O -those O -patients O -treated O -using O -P O -. O -G O -. O -E2 O -with O -hypertonic O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -One O -patient O -treated O -using O -P O -. O -G O -. O -E2 O -with O -hypertonic O -urea B-Chemical -who O -did O -not O -abort O -for O -26 O -hours O -demonstrated O -changes O -indicative O -of O -a O -pronounced O -degree O -of O -disseminated O -intravascular O -coagulation O -. O - -aps B-category -24 O -- O -hour O -control O -of O -intragastric O -acidity O -by O -cimetidine B-Chemical -in O -duodenal O -- O -ulcer O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -received O -placebo O -capsules O -on O -the O -first O -day O -and O -cimetidine B-Chemical -on O -the O -second O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -0 O -- O -8 O -- O -1 O -- O -6 O -g O -/ O -day O -results O -in O -a O -decrease O -of O -intragastric O -acidity O -that O -is O -compatible O -with O -successful O -medical O -treatment O -of O -duodenal O -ulceration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -H O -- O -2 O -receptor O -antagonist O -cimetidine B-Chemical -on O -gastric O -potential O -difference O -( O -P O -. O -D O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Cimetidine B-Chemical -also O -significantly O -decreased O -basal O -acidity O -from O -pH O -2 O -to O -pH O -7 O -within O -an O -hour O -. O - -aps B-category -Editorial O -: O -Ozone B-Chemical -in O -smog O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Intravenous O -labetalol B-Chemical -in O -severe O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Potential O -pitfall O -in O -bioassay O -of O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -gentamicin I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Congenital O -malformations O -and O -vinyl O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -481 O -adult O -Chinese O -, O -Malays O -, O -and O -Indians O -in O -Singapore O -with O -newly O -diagnosed O -smear O -- O -positive O -pulmonary O -tuberculosis O -were O -allocated O -at O -random O -to O -four O -regimens O -of O -intermittent O -rifampicin B-Chemical -plus O -isoniazid B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -followed O -either O -by O -twice O -- O -weekly O -isoniazid B-Chemical -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -plus O -rifampicin B-Chemical -900 O -mg O -( O -HR2 O -regimen O -) O -or O -600 O -mg O -( O -LR2 O -regimen O -) O -, O -or O -by O -once O -- O -weekly O -isoniazid B-Chemical -15 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -plus O -rifampicin B-Chemical -900 O -mg O -( O -HR1 O -regimen O -) O -or O -600 O -mg O -( O -LR1 O -regimen O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -therapeutic O -response O -was O -significantly O -better O -on O -the O -twice O -- O -weekly O -than O -on O -the O -once O -- O -weekly O -regimens O -( O -P O -= O -0 O -- O -0005 O -) O -, O -but O -the O -dose O -size O -of O -rifampicin B-Chemical -did O -not O -have O -a O -statistically O -significant O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidence O -of O -rifampicin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -antibodies O -was O -higher O -, O -ranging O -from O -48 O -% O -( O -HR1 O -) O -to O -24 O -% O -( O -LR2 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -multicentre O -randomised O -controlled O -trial O -of O -xenon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arc I-Chemical -photocoagulation O -for O -diabetic O -maculopathy O -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biliary O -deoxycholic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -concentration O -was O -increased O -and O -chenodeoxycholic O -acid O -concentration O -decreased O -during O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Fluorocarbons O -and O -the O -ozone B-Chemical -shield O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Streptozotocin B-Chemical -in O -the O -Zollinger O -- O -Ellison O -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Measurement O -of O -plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -levels O -in O -the O -side O -- O -room O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Natriuresis O -after O -diluted O -ethanol B-Chemical -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -( O -CB O -- O -154 O -, O -Sandoz O -) O -has O -been O -given O -to O -21 O -acromegalic O -patients O -( O -11 O -female O -, O -10 O -male O -) O -for O -a O -period O -of O -6 O -- O -10 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -did O -not O -block O -stress O -- O -induced O -G O -. O -H O -. O - -aps B-category -levels O -with O -a O -dose O -of O -20 O -- O -40 O -mg O -of O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -per O -day O -, O -external O -radiation O -to O -the O -pituitary O -can O -be O -used O -to O -prevent O -tumour O -expansion O -and O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -withdrawn O -at O -intervals O -to O -assess O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -radiation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -who O -fail O -to O -respond O -to O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -, O -particularly O -those O -younger O -patients O -with O -active O -disease O -, O -more O -definitive O -local O -treatment O -( O -e O -. O -g O -. O -, O -trans O -- O -sphenoidal O -removal O -of O -the O -tumour O -or O -yttrium O -- O -90 O -implantation O -) O -would O -be O -indicated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -compound O -was O -given O -at O -a O -daily O -oral O -dose O -of O -2 O -mug O -together O -with O -an O -oral O -supplement O -of O -1 O -g O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -calcium I-Chemical -rose O -in O -all O -patients O -, O -one O -developing O -a O -severe O -transitory O -hypercalcaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -found O -only O -in O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBsAg B-Chemical -) O -positive O -sera O -, O -but O -is O -antigenically O -distinct O -from O -HBsAg B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -e O -was O -not O -detected O -in O -any O -of O -29 O -symptom O -- O -free O -carriers O -of O -HBsAg B-Chemical -, O -but O -21 O -( O -73 O -% O -) O -showed O -anti O -- O -e O -. O -Serum O -e O -was O -found O -in O -chronic O -active O -hepatitis O -( O -44 O -% O -) O -and O -chronic O -persistent O -hepatitis O -( O -31 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Anti O -- O -e O -, O -however O -, O -is O -associated O -with O -inactive O -liver O -disease O -and O -asymptomatic O -carriage O -of O -HBsAg B-Chemical -, O -and O -its O -presence O -must O -be O -regarded O -as O -a O -valuable O -sign O -in O -predicting O -those O -who O -will O -escape O -progressive O -chronic O -liver O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -levels O -and O -liver O -biopsies O -of O -HBsAg B-Chemical -carriers O -. O - -aps B-category -R O -factors O -in O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -organisms O -causing O -hospital O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -R O -factors O -mediating O -gentamicin B-Chemical -resistance O -were O -demonstrated O -in O -34 O -of O -36 O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -observations O -suggest O -that O -activity O -of O -the O -salvage O -pathway O -of O -purine B-Chemical -synthesis O -catalysed O -by O -hypoxanthine O -- O -guanine O -phosphoribosyl O -transferase O -( O -H O -. O -G O -. O -P O -. O -R O -. O -T O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -in O -emergency O -includes O -the O -administration O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Editorial O -: O -The O -other O -side O -of O -fluphenazine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Age O -- O -standardised O -mortality O -- O -rates O -for O -a O -population O -of O -2100 O -male O -workers O -exposed O -to O -vinyl O -chloride B-Chemical -for O -periods O -of O -up O -to O -27 O -years O -do O -not O -show O -any O -excess O -of O -total O -or O -cause O -- O -specific O -mortality O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Vertical O -transmission O -of O -hepatitis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -HLA O -- O -b8 O -and O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cholesterol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Stability O -of O -serum O -oleate O -and O -linoleate O -levels O -after O -oral O -administration O -of O -oleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -small O -doses O -of O -insulin O -led O -to O -a O -poor O -retention O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -caused O -less O -nausea O -and O -vomiting O -than O -that O -usually O -associated O -with O -nitrogen B-Chemical -mustard O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -programme O -- O -treated O -patients O -, O -standard O -medication O -was O -used O -; O -diuretics O -effectively O -lowered O -blood O -- O -pressure O -in O -a O -third O -of O -patients O -, O -and O -diuretics O -plus O -reserpine B-Chemical -were O -effective O -for O -another O -20 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -those O -subjects O -developing O -hypothyroidism O -also O -had O -initially O -an O -exaggerated O -response O -to O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -hormone O -( O -T O -. O -R O -. O -H O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Changing O -patterns O -of O -bacterial O -resistance O -in O -relation O -to O -prophylactic O -use O -of O -cephaloridine O -and O -therapeutic O -use O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Congenital O -anomalies O -and O -clomiphene B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -On O -the O -absorption O -of O -decongestive O -nose O -- O -drops O -- O -investigation O -with O -a O -radioactive O -labelled O -imidazoline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -derivate I-Chemical -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reverse O -transcription O -of O -pre O -- O -mRNA O -isolated O -from O -rat O -liver O -or O -mouse O -Ehrlich O -ascites O -carcinoma O -cells O -with O -the O -aid O -of O -hot O -phenol B-Chemical -fractionation O -technique O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -( O -first O -of O -two O -parts O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunological O -cross O -reactivity O -between O -testicular O -androgen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -protein O -and O -serum O -testosterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -microsomes O -, O -too O -, O -contain O -two O -alpha O -- O -HC O -dechlorinases O -at O -least O -: O -one O -is O -stimulated O -by O -GSH O -, O -the O -other O -by O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Value O -of O -separation O -on O -ion O -exchange O -resins O -of O -plasma O -iodine B-Chemical -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -showed O -that O -the O -radioactive O -hormonal O -fraction O -has O -a O -better O -diagnostic O -value O -than O -radioactive O -serum O -protein O -- O -bound O -iodine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -kallikrein O -was O -assayed O -by O -means O -of O -its O -esterase O -activity O -on O -a O -synthetic O -arginine O -ester O -substrate O -, O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alpha I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -( O -TAMe O -) O -, O -after O -activation O -of O -Hageman O -factor O -by O -kaolin O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -remission O -occurred O -, O -mean O -values O -were O -: O -plasma O -prekallikrein O -, O -118 O -. O -6 O -+ O -/ O -- O -3 O -. O -2 O -mumol O -/ O -ml O -/ O -hr O -; O -and O -kallikrein O -inhitor O -, O -0 O -. O -78 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -03 O -mumol O -/ O -ml O -/ O -hr O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -alpha O -- O -2 O -macroglobulin O -was O -elevated O -in O -nephrotic O -patients O -: O -mean O -value O -during O -relapse O -, O -862 O -+ O -/ O -- O -29 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -ml O -; O -during O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -maintaining I-Chemical -remission O -, O -615 O -+ O -/ O -- O -29 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -In O -vitro O -comparative O -study O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -and O -amoxicillin B-Chemical -in O -patients O -allergic O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -with O -the O -products O -of O -other O -genes O -in O -the O -complex O -, O -no O -homologue O -of O -the O -Ss O -protein O -has O -been O -found O -in O -other O -species O -, O -except O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Purified O -antibody O -to O -poly O -( O -adenylic O -acid O -) O -- O -poly O -( O -uridylic O -acid O -) O -was O -used O -in O -quantitative O -microcomplement O -fixation O -assays O -to O -detect O -conformational O -variations O -among O -several O -double O -- O -helical O -polyribonucleotide O -analogs O -of O -poly O -( O -adenylic O -acid O -) O -- O -poly O -( O -uridylic O -acid O -) O -or O -poly O -( O -inosinic O -acid O -) O -- O -poly O -( O -cytidylic O -acid O -) O -that O -had O -been O -previously O -evaluated O -for O -their O -ability O -to O -induce O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Guinea O -pigs O -were O -immunized O -with O -liposomal O -model O -membranes O -containing O -phosphatidylethanolamine O -( O -PE O -) O -or O -glycerophosphorylethanolamine O -( O -GPE O -) O -derivatives O -in O -which O -the O -amino B-Chemical -function O -was O -substituted O -with O -either O -dinitrophenylaminocaproyl O -( O -Dnp O -- O -Cap O -) O -or O -mono O -( O -p O -- O -azobenzenearsonic O -acid O -) O -tyrosyl O -( O -ABA O -- O -Tyr O -) O -residues O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -leukocyte O -interferon B-Chemical -contained O -also O -a O -minor O -component O -with O -antigenic O -determinants O -characteristic O -of O -fibroblast O -specificity O -, O -which O -could O -be O -isolated O -by O -affinity O -chromatography O -on O -Sepharose O -- O -bound O -antibodies O -directed O -against O -firboblast O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -model O -is O -proposed O -where O -molecules O -of O -human O -interferon B-Chemical -contain O -multiple O -reactive O -sites O -each O -of O -which O -is O -capable O -of O -interaction O -with O -cells O -of O -a O -different O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -released O -virus O -- O -like O -particles O -were O -characterized O -by O -( O -a O -) O -their O -ability O -to O -band O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -at O -a O -density O -of O -1 O -. O -16 O -- O -1 O -. O -18 O -g O -/ O -ml O -; O -( O -b O -) O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -RNA O -- O -directed O -DNA O -polymerase O -activity O -resembling O -that O -of O -the O -oncornaviruses O -; O -and O -( O -c O -) O -isolation O -of O -cores O -that O -band O -at O -a O -density O -of O -1 O -. O -26 O -- O -1 O -. O -27 O -g O -/ O -ml O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -granules O -are O -argentafugic O -when O -ultrathin O -sections O -of O -Araldite O -- O -embedded O -atria O -are O -stained O -according O -to O -the O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thiocarbohydrazide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -silver I-Chemical -proteinate O -technique O -of O -Thiery O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -ultrathin O -sections O -of O -GMA O -- O -embedded O -atria O -stained O -with O -dialyzed O -colloidal O -iron B-Chemical -( O -DI O -) O -, O -the O -cell O -coat O -of O -the O -cardiocytes O -is O -positive O -, O -unlike O -all O -the O -other O -cytoplasmic O -organelles O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -direct O -spectrometric O -method O -for O -determination O -of O -the O -concentration O -of O -available O -bilirubin B-Chemical -binding O -sites O -in O -serum O -using O -bromphenol O -blue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -properties O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -, O -BPB O -, O -and O -some O -related O -dyes O -are O -spectrometrically O -investigated O -, O -and O -differences O -between O -the O -properties O -of O -human O -and O -bovine O -albumin O -and O -between O -such O -albumin O -preparations O -and O -human O -serum O -are O -shown O -and O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Papanicolaou O -and O -/ O -or O -haematoxylin O -and O -eosin B-Chemical -stains O -were O -used O -in O -97 O -% O -of O -the O -laboratories O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -deep O -vein O -thrombosis O -the O -heparin B-Chemical -neutralizing O -activity O -was O -also O -clearly O -increased O -; O -the O -other O -tests O -were O -generally O -in O -the O -same O -direction O -but O -many O -were O -not O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -elimination O -of O -the O -lymphocytes O -proliferating O -in O -response O -to O -a O -particular O -allogeneic O -lymphocyte O -donor O -by O -a O -" O -hot O -" O -pulse O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -of O -high O -specific O -activity O -, O -the O -viable O -lymphocytes O -remaining O -in O -culture O -were O -still O -capable O -of O -responding O -to O -stimulation O -by O -epidermal O -cells O -from O -the O -same O -donor O -. O - -aps B-category -Steroid B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -human O -prostate O -. O - -aps B-category -Agar O -gel O -electrophoresis O -and O -ultracentrifugation O -on O -continuous O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -revealed O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -4S O -estradiol B-Chemical -' O -receptor O -' O -in O -cytosols O -of O -samples O -of O -human O -benign O -hyperplastic O -prostate O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -data O -, O -obtained O -with O -human O -serum O -, O -purified O -human O -albumin O -and O -albumin O -- O -enriched O -cytosol O -strongly O -suggest O -that O -agar O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -when O -used O -alone O -, O -may O -lack O -specificity O -for O -the O -quantification O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -' O -receptors O -' O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Diagnosis O -of O -liver O -metastases O -with O -a O -combination O -of O -57Co B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bleomycin I-Chemical -and O -99mTc O -- O -sulfur O -colloid O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -solution O -made O -of O -250 O -ml O -of O -6 O -per O -cent O -HES O -, O -250 O -ml O -of O -distilled O -water O -, O -and O -15 O -g O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -in O -30 O -ml O -distilled O -water O -provided O -a O -satisfactory O -anticoagulant O -solution O -for O -this O -purpose O -. O - -aps B-category -Nylon O -filtration O -alters O -the O -morphology O -of O -human O -granulocytes O -and O -slightly O -reduces O -their O -phagocytic O -ability O -as O -measured O -by O -activation O -of O -the O -hexose O -monophosphate O -shunt O -( O -HMS O -) O -pathway O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -236 O -phereses O -of O -normal O -donors O -are O -reported O -, O -with O -particular O -attention O -to O -an O -evaluation O -of O -five O -different O -anticoagulant O -mixtures O -: O -ACD O -, O -2 O -per O -cent O -citrate B-Chemical -in O -saline O -, O -and O -three O -different O -combinations O -of O -citrate B-Chemical -and O -hydroxyethyl O -starch O -( O -HES O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -of O -its O -higher O -citrate B-Chemical -content O -, O -ACD O -caused O -three O -times O -as O -many O -donor O -reactions O -as O -the O -other O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -provide O -a O -basis O -for O -estimating O -the O -effectiveness O -of O -the O -SPRIA O -technique O -for O -HBsAg B-Chemical -testing O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fraction O -of O -giant O -synaptosomes O -from O -the O -r O -. O -inferior O -of O -the O -rabbit O -hippocampus O -was O -studied O -using O -impregnation O -with O -zinc B-Chemical -iodide O -- O -osmium O -tetroxide O -( O -XIO O -) O -reagent O -and O -electron O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -temperature O -, O -pH O -, O -and O -concentration O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -periodate O -solution O -on O -the O -intensity O -of O -fluorescence O -PAS O -- O -reaction O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -exposure O -of O -sexually O -immature O -chickens O -to O -lindan O -in O -doses O -of O -2 O -. O -5 O -to O -25 O -. O -0 O -mg O -kg O -- O -1 O -of O -feeds O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -the O -insecticide O -on O -the O -biological O -activity O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Proofs O -were O -obtained O -for O -the O -fact O -that O -the O -application O -of O -lindan O -in O -the O -quantity O -of O -the O -mentioned O -doses O -for O -14 O -days O -caused O -a O -statistically O -conclusive O -depression O -of O -the O -biological O -effectiveness O -of O -estrogens B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Changes O -in O -the O -biological O -activity O -of O -androgens B-Chemical -after O -the O -exposure O -of O -cockerels O -to O -lindane B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propionate I-Chemical -and O -Stenolon O -were O -used O -as O -reference O -hormones O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -causes O -leading O -to O -different O -manifestations O -of O -the O -interactions O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -with O -the O -two O -hormones O -tested O -are O -analyzed O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Proceedings O -: O -Identification O -of O -reversible O -- O -asynergic O -myocardial O -regions O -by O -means O -of O -postextrasystolic O -potentiation O -( O -PESP O -) O -and O -application O -of O -nitrate B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Considerable O -reduction O -in O -the O -staining O -intensity O -of O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -noticed O -4 O -h O -after O -the O -bilateral O -ablation O -of O -eyestalks O -, O -neutral O -lipid O -undergo O -depletion O -24 O -h O -after O -the O -operation O -whereas O -phospholipid O -reserves O -increase O -48 O -h O -after O -the O -eyestalk O -removal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -assumed O -materials O -are O -RNA O -, O -proteins O -, O -lipids O -, O -amines B-Chemical -etc O -, O -and O -the O -primary O -carrier O -of O -the O -information O -is O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Differences O -of O -the O -cells O -' O -net O -potential O -cause O -differential O -adhesion O -of O -lymphoid O -cells O -to O -glass O -or O -other O -materials O -, O -and O -lead B-Chemical -to O -varying O -migration O -speeds O -in O -the O -electric O -field O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -HES O -and O -HES O -+ O -DMSO B-Chemical -used O -as O -cryoprotective O -media O -for O -storage O -of O -human O -platelets O -in O -liquid O -nitrogen B-Chemical -and O -vapor O -phase O -of O -liquid O -nitrogen B-Chemical -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -15 O -% O -HES O -+ O -10 O -% O -DMSO B-Chemical -gave O -similar O -results O -as O -the O -use O -of O -10 O -% O -DMSO B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -New O -selective O -silver B-Chemical -impregnation O -methods O -for O -the O -study O -of O -degenerating O -nerve O -fibers O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -tested O -during O -corticotrophin O -treatment O -tend O -to O -show O -a O -higher O -degree O -of O -reactivity O -in O -the O -test O -than O -expected O -- O -the O -increased O -reactivity O -seems O -to O -be O -primarily O -directed O -to O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -region O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -four O -patients O -with O -ventricular O -arrhythmias O -were O -treated O -with O -oral O -mexiletine B-Chemical -for O -periods O -of O -from O -one O -to O -16 O -months O -( O -total O -10 O -. O -4 O -patient O -- O -years O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -seven O -- O -drug O -regimen O -consisting O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -, O -actinomycin O -D O -, O -vincristine B-Chemical -, O -cytosine B-Chemical -arabinoside I-Chemical -, O -methotrexate B-Chemical -, O -and O -bleomycin B-Chemical -administered O -during O -a O -24 O -hour O -period O -at O -4 O -week O -intervals O -was O -selected O -for O -clinical O -trial O -against O -squamous O -malignancies O -of O -the O -female O -genitalia O -because O -of O -its O -proved O -broad O -- O -spectrum O -activity O -among O -solid O -tumors O -and O -its O -low O -incidence O -of O -serious O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -substance O -is O -stained O -metachromatically O -red O -with O -toluidine O -blue O -, O -and O -is O -stained O -with O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -and O -with O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -- O -OsO4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -toluidine O -blue O -solution O -containing O -0 O -. O -2 O -M O -MgC12 O -or O -0 O -. O -4 O -% O -NaCl B-Chemical -or O -KCl O -stained O -juxtanuclear O -clusters O -of O -granules O -metachromatically O -red O -. O - -aps B-category -Consequently O -, O -administering O -such O -pesticides O -to O -rats O -in O -accompanied O -by O -enhanced O -formation O -and O -excretion O -of O -D O -- O -glucuronic O -acid O -and O -L O -- O -ascorbic O -acid O -, O -or O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucaric I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -the O -case O -of O -guinea O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -differentiation O -and O -the O -estrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -properties O -of O -alpha O -- O -fetoprotein O -. O - -aps B-category -AH O -- O -66 O -rat O -ascites O -hepatoma O -cells O -incorporated O -[ O -14C O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -into O -the O -AFP O -fraction O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -incorporation O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -into O -the O -AFP O -fraction O -as O -well O -as O -into O -total O -proteins O -was O -stimulated O -by O -DBcAMP O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -cell O -cycle O -, O -AFP O -is O -synthesized O -prior O -to O -S O -and O -released O -prior O -to O -M O -. O -AFP O -may O -play O -a O -role O -in O -regulation O -of O -hepatocellular O -growth O -through O -estradiol B-Chemical -binding O -and O -modulation O -of O -the O -intracellular O -concentration O -of O -lipoprotein O -( O -VLDL O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunological O -reactivity O -or O -electrophoretic O -separation O -or O -mobility O -of O -the O -two O -components O -could O -be O -altered O -by O -treatment O -with O -either O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -inhibitors O -or O -reducing O -agents O -but O -not O -by O -treatment O -with O -protein O -denaturants O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -) O -Adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -angiotensin B-Chemical -increased O -both O -frequency O -and O -developed O -tension O -of O -spontaneously O -active O -rat O -isolated O -portal O -veins O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -angiotensin B-Chemical -exhibited O -pharmaco O -- O -mechanical O -properties O -, O -as O -later O -addition O -of O -both O -substances O -produced O -an O -increase O -of O -the O -contracture O -tension O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Testicular O -and O -plasma O -androgens B-Chemical -in O -newborn O -, O -immature O -, O -adult O -and O -aging O -mice O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -coumarin B-Chemical -, O -4 O -- O -hydroxycoumarin O -, O -coumarin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboxylic I-Chemical -acid O -and O -acenocoumarol O -on O -the O -active O -transport O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -and O -the O -passive O -diffusion O -of O -arabinose O -by O -intestinal O -sacs O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxygen O -uptake O -by O -the O -intestinal O -tissue O -is O -only O -inhibited O -by O -coumarin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carboxylic I-Chemical -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -on O -insect O -cardiac O -activity O -in O -vivo O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Beneficial O -effects O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -in O -choline B-Chemical -deficient O -diets O -of O -Oryzaephilus O -mercator O -( O -Fauvel O -) O -( O -Coleoptera O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -however O -can O -improve O -the O -efficiency O -of O -the O -diet O -only O -up O -to O -a O -certain O -concentration O -beyond O -which O -no O -beneficial O -effects O -are O -recorded O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -3 O -days O -of O -heat O -stress O -and O -dehydration O -, O -the O -plasma O -levels O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -FFA O -) O -and O -growth O -hormone O -( O -GH O -) O -were O -measured O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -early O -event O -, O -being O -either O -an O -increase O -or O -a O -decrease O -in O -peripheral O -resistance O -, O -is O -directly O -related O -to O -the O -amount O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -produced O -locally O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -local O -catecholamine B-Chemical -release O -through O -the O -baroreceptor O -reflex O -and O -inhibition O -of O -ganglionic O -transmission O -by O -a O -large O -and O -sudden O -increase O -in O -adrenaline B-Chemical -blood O -levels O -do O -influence O -the O -response O -in O -the O -isolated O -femoral O -circuit O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -The O -effects O -of O -low O -external O -sodium B-Chemical -on O -contracture O -tension O -and O -Ca O -movements O -in O -goldfish O -ventricle O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Incomplete O -inhibition O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -transport O -- O -related O -aerobic O -metabolism O -upon O -exposure O -of O -guinea O -pig O -renal O -cortex O -slices O -to O -ouabain B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Activation O -of O -liver O -glycogen O -phosphorylase O -by O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Proceedings O -: O -Effect O -of O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -on O -phosphate B-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -proteins O -by O -dog O -thyroid O -gland O -slices O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Distribution O -of O -radioactivity O -among O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -The O -affinity O -of O -avian O -haemoglobins O -for O -oxygen B-Chemical -, O -as O -measured O -by O -the O -automatic O -method O -of O -K O -. O -Imai O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -PCO2 O -on O -epinephrine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -lipolysis O -in O -isolated O -fat O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -either O -acidosis O -or O -high O -PCO2 O -lead B-Chemical -to O -an O -inhibition O -of O -the O -lipolysis O -induced O -by O -epinephrine B-Chemical -in O -isolated O -fat O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -experiments O -on O -isolated O -dog O -kidneys O -perfused O -with O -heparinized O -blood O -with O -or O -without O -dilution O -of O -the O -blood O -by O -isotonic O -or O -hypotonic O -saline O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -fractional O -excretion O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -is O -modulated O -positively O -by O -plasma O -sodium B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -value O -recorded O -at O -a O -same O -level O -in O -the O -network O -may O -be O -considered O -as O -the O -sum O -of O -a O -true O -proximity O -effect O -added O -to O -an O -other O -component O -depending O -upon O -the O -lead B-Chemical -orientation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Sphaeroma O -serratum O -, O -the O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acidemia I-Chemical -is O -high O -( O -about O -120 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -ml O -) O -during O -the O -intermolt O -stages O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -the O -time O -of O -the O -puberty O -molt O -, O -the O -total O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -concentration O -( O -including O -taurine O -) O -of O -the O -hemolymph O -increases O -sharply O -during O -premolt O -( O -up O -to O -267 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -ml O -) O -, O -falls O -after O -ecdysis O -( O -down O -to O -97 O -mg O -/ O -100 O -ml O -and O -then O -rises O -up O -to O -the O -level O -of O -the O -intermolt O -stage O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -variations O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acidemia I-Chemical -, O -mainly O -those O -of O -serine O -, O -proline O -, O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -alanine B-Chemical -and O -of O -the O -amine B-Chemical -taurine O -, O -could O -play O -a O -definite O -role O -in O -increasing O -the O -osmotic O -pressure O -of O -the O -hemolymph O -during O -premolt O -, O -as O -a O -preparation O -to O -ecdysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -chronic O -treatment O -with O -tyroxine O -( O -T4 O -) O -or O -propylthiouracile O -( O -PTU O -) O -on O -the O -turnover O -of O -norepinephrine B-Chemical -( O -NE O -) O -, O -dopamine B-Chemical -( O -DA O -) O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxytryptamine I-Chemical -( O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -) O -has O -been O -studied O -in O -various O -areas O -of O -the O -rat O -brain O -( O -brain O -stem O -, O -hypothalamus O -, O -striatum O -and O -" O -rest O -of O -the O -brain O -" O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Concerning O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -the O -only O -significant O -variation O -was O -observed O -in O -the O -hypothalamus O -of O -PTU O -- O -treated O -rats O -and O -implied O -increased O -turnover O -. O - -aps B-category -Localization O -of O -the O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -denervated O -muscles O -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -peak O -tension O -was O -diminished O -by O -about O -80 O -% O -following O -a O -30 O -min O -exposure O -to O -solutions O -containing O -400 O -- O -600 O -mM O -glycerol O -when O -Tris O -solutions O -were O -used O -in O -the O -testing O -period O -, O -and O -by O -about O -50 O -% O -when O -sucrose B-Chemical -solutions O -were O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Feed O -restricted O -quail O -at O -21 O -degrees O -C O -were O -hypoglycaemic O -and O -hyperlipaemic O -compared O -to O -quail O -fed O -ad O -libitum O -, O -but O -cold O -exposed O -feed O -restricted O -quail O -had O -a O -much O -higher O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -than O -the O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -high O -- O -fructose O -diet O -rats O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -appears O -in O -the O -intestinal O -wall O -and O -in O -the O -serosal O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Hepatic O -lipids O -of O -intact O -or O -thyroidectomized O -rats O -after O -administration O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -or O -ethanol B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -- O -Thyroidectomy O -did O -not O -inhibit O -the O -accumulation O -of O -fat O -in O -the O -liver O -of O -fed O -euthyroid O -or O -hypothyroid O -rats O -after O -intraperitoneal O -infusion O -of O -tetracycline B-Chemical -( O -320 O -mg O -/ O -body O -weight O -in O -2 O -injections O -at O -an O -interval O -of O -16 O -h O -, O -the O -diet O -containing O -6 O -% O -of O -lipids O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -- O -The O -prolonged O -ethanol B-Chemical -intake O -( O -in O -a O -20 O -% O -solution O -in O -water O -) O -for O -5 O -months O -with O -a O -diet O -containing O -19 O -% O -of O -lipids O -did O -not O -induce O -a O -fatty O -liver O -in O -intact O -rats O -but O -produced O -a O -decrease O -of O -hepatic O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphorus I-Chemical -lipid O -and O -an O -increase O -of O -the O -cholesterol B-Chemical -amounts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presented O -evidences O -in O -this O -study O -indicate O -the O -possibility O -of O -the O -release O -of O -bradykinin B-Chemical -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -- O -like O -materials O -from O -the O -tooth O -pulp O -during O -the O -electrical O -stimulation O -of O -dentine O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -[ O -Influence O -of O -Na O -and O -K O -on O -inhibition O -of O -( O -Na O -+ O -K O -) O -- O -ATPase O -of O -guinea O -pig O -heart O -by O -digoxin B-Chemical -or O -calcium B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Relationship O -between O -hepatic O -cells O -magnesium B-Chemical -, O -potassium B-Chemical -, O -ATP O -content O -and O -membrane O -potentials O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -lindane B-Chemical -( O -gamma O -- O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -4 O -, O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -hexachlorocyclohexane O -) O -treated O -soils O -were O -studied O -under O -laboratory O -conditions O -to O -determine O -the O -interaction O -between O -lindane B-Chemical -and O -the O -soil O -microorganisms O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -populations O -in O -lindane B-Chemical -treated O -soils O -showed O -temporary O -declines O -but O -all O -ultimately O -recovered O -to O -at O -least O -the O -level O -of O -the O -controls O -in O -16 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -Chloride O -production O -increased O -in O -soils O -treated O -with O -higher O -levels O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Experimental O -thiamine B-Chemical -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -Rats O -were O -pair O -- O -fed O -- O -synthetic O -diets O -with O -and O -without O -thiamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -abnormalities O -, O -not O -found O -in O -control O -muscles O -, O -indicate O -that O -both O -motor O -neuropathy O -and O -mild O -mitochondrial O -changes O -, O -such O -as O -are O -seen O -in O -the O -" O -ragged O -- O -red O -" O -diseases O -, O -are O -induced O -by O -pure O -thiamine B-Chemical -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -- O -Amino O -- O -2 O -- O -deoxygalacturonic O -acid O -was O -identified O -as O -a O -component O -of O -the O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -from O -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -N O -. O -C O -. O -T O -. O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -fast O -and O -simple O -method O -is O -described O -for O -the O -localisation O -of O -tips O -of O -chronically O -implanted O -electrodes O -in O -the O -brain O -of O -rabbits O -which O -may O -be O -obtained O -- O -- O -under O -standard O -conditions O -- O -- O -by O -an O -intra O -- O -aortal O -injection O -of O -a O -2 O -% O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hexacyanoferrate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -III I-Chemical -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -the O -effects O -of O -alfathesin O -and O -other O -steroid B-Chemical -anesthetics O -by O -catatoxic O -steroids B-Chemical -in O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -Phenobarbital B-Chemical -and O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -, O -two O -non O -- O -steroidal O -stimulators O -of O -hepatic O -microsomal O -drug O -metabolism O -, O -were O -also O -highly O -effective O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -with O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triamcinolone I-Chemical -acetonide O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -concentrations O -of O -radioactivity O -were O -maximal O -48 O -h O -after O -application O -of O -3H O -- O -TA O -whereas O -they O -were O -undetected O -after O -application O -of O -14C O -- O -L O -6400 O -, O -because O -of O -the O -relatively O -lower O -specific O -activity O -of O -this O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -steroid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggested O -that O -both O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -were O -poorly O -absorbed O -through O -normal O -skin O -in O -rats O -, O -pigs O -and O -humans O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -. O -by O -elongation O -of O -the O -alkyl O -chain O -, O -which O -is O -accompanied O -by O -an O -increase O -of O -the O -lipophilic O -character O -, O -and O -2 O -. O -when O -the O -polar O -portion O -is O -represented O -by O -the O -positively O -charged O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -group I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Phentolamine B-Chemical -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -which O -block O -adrenergic O -alpha O -- O -and O -beta O -- O -receptors O -, O -respectively O -, O -do O -not O -influence O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -these O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Melittin O -and O -its O -fragment O -thus O -liberate O -histamine B-Chemical -via O -different O -routes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -thiouracil O -may O -exert O -a O -damaging O -effect O -upon O -the O -arterial O -elastic O -fibers O -; O -thus O -, O -it O -is O -possible O -that O -one O -of O -the O -mechanisms O -by O -which O -thiouracil O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -administration O -induces O -experimental O -atherosclerosis O -in O -the O -dog O -is O -by O -elastic O -tissue O -destruction O -, O -possibly O -promoting O -the O -subsequent O -lipid O -accumulation O -in O -the O -arterial O -wall O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -kinetics O -of O -induction O -of O -lambda O -prophage O -with O -bleomycin B-Chemical -A2 O -- O -CP3 O -, O -mitomycin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -and O -a O -combination O -of O -these O -two O -antibiotics O -have O -been O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -16 O -minutes O -of O -treatment O -with O -bleomycin B-Chemical -the O -burst O -sizes O -are O -lower O -than O -those O -which O -are O -obtained O -with O -mitomycin O -or O -with O -the O -combination O -of O -the O -two O -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -overall O -prevalence O -of O -neutralizing O -anti O -- O -HBs O -in O -tested O -sera O -was O -almost O -4 O -- O -fold O -higher O -, O -although O -generally O -at O -rather O -low O -titres O -, O -than O -prevalence O -of O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -80 O -. O -2 O -% O -of O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -and O -anti O -- O -HBs O -detected O -in O -Italy O -were O -ay O -subtype O -, O -while O -most O -of O -positive O -sera O -from O -Tanzania O -( O -72 O -. O -3 O -% O -) O -were O -ad O -, O -which O -extends O -the O -map O -of O -H O -. O -B O -. O -V O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -young O -animal O -adequate O -regeneration O -following O -two O -- O -thirds O -hepatectomy O -as O -well O -as O -100 O -myl O -CCl4 B-Chemical -successfully O -induced O -large O -increases O -in O -serum O -AFP O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -have O -examined O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -human O -erythrocyte O -isozyme O -of O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -( O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -1 O -. O -40 O -) O -is O -a O -hybrid O -of O -the O -two O -isozymes O -present O -in O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -high O -incidence O -of O -the O -oculo O -- O -cardiac O -reflex O -and O -the O -adequate O -protective O -effect O -of O -atropine B-Chemical -0 O -- O -01 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -given O -intravenously O -was O -confirmed O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -lens O -mRNA O -, O -lens O -messenger O -ribonucleoproteins O -are O -poor O -templates O -for O -transcription O -with O -avian O -myeloblastosis O -virus O -reverse O -transcriptase O -. O - -aps B-category -Combination O -chemotherapy O -of O -Hodgkin O -' O -s O -disease O -with O -adriamycin B-Chemical -, O -bleomycin B-Chemical -, O -vinblastine O -, O -and O -imidazole O -carboxamide O -versus O -MOPP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -percent O -of O -optimal O -dose O -for O -each O -drug O -was O -as O -follows O -: O -adriamycin B-Chemical -87 O -% O -, O -vinblastine O -87 O -% O -, O -bleomycin B-Chemical -96 O -% O -, O -and O -imidazole O -carboxamide O -96 O -% O -. O - -aps B-category -Diffuse O -bilateral O -lung O -localization O -of O -67Ga O -occurred O -in O -two O -cases O -of O -interstitial O -pneumonitis O -associated O -with O -bleomycin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral O -coadministration O -of O -tetrahydrouridine O -, O -a O -pyrimidine O -nucleoside B-Chemical -deaminase O -inhibitor O -with O -no O -intrinsic O -antitumor O -activity O -, O -greatly O -increases O -the O -oral O -activity O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -therapeutic O -results O -( O -L1210 O -leukemia O -) O -achieved O -with O -the O -oral O -combination O -are O -similar O -to O -those O -observed O -with O -parenteral O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -three O -patients O -with O -stage O -III O -germinal O -neoplasia O -of O -the O -testis O -were O -treated O -with O -a O -variation O -of O -our O -original O -vinblastine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bleomycin I-Chemical -program O -. O - -aps B-category -Possible O -mechanisms O -for O -the O -antitumor O -activity O -of O -platinum B-Chemical -coordination O -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -Combination O -therapy O -with O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -( O -NSC O -- O -102816 O -) O -and O -methyl O -- O -GAG O -( O -NSC O -- O -32946 O -) O -in O -previously O -treated O -adults O -with O -acute O -nonlymphocytic O -leukemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Suppression O -of O -IgE O -and O -IgG O -antibody O -responses O -to O -ovalbumin O -following O -the O -administration O -of O -high O -dose O -urea B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -denatured I-Chemical -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -most O -of O -the O -cases O -the O -material O -examined O -contained O -protein O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -its O -staining O -properties O -, O -as O -well O -as O -neutral O -and O -acid O -mucosubstances O -and O -, O -most O -probably O -, O -also O -covalently O -bound O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -histochemical O -fluorescence O -method O -of O -Falck O -, O -the O -cells O -marked O -by O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ACTH I-Chemical -17 O -- O -39 O -Is O -exhibit O -an O -induced O -fluorescence O -, O -after O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -2 O -- O -hr O -pulse O -with O -complexes O -does O -not O -induce O -permanent O -inhibition O -; O -( O -5 O -) O -the O -migration O -inhibitory O -activity O -of O -antigen O -- O -- O -antibody O -complexes O -can O -be O -abolished O -by O -certain O -concentrations O -of O -puromycin O -and O -aminophylline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -females O -, O -labeled O -orotic O -acid O -is O -incorporated O -relatively O -more O -into O -uridine B-Chemical -than O -into O -cytidine O -nucleotides O -; O -the O -opposite O -is O -true O -for O -males O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -repeated O -administration O -of O -alpha O -- O -HCH O -, O -the O -utilization O -of O -labeled O -uridine B-Chemical -for O -the O -synthesis O -of O -cytidine O -nucleotides O -of O -the O -acid O -- O -soluble O -pool O -and O -RNA O -is O -depressed O -, O -whereas O -that O -of O -labeled O -cytidine O -is O -enhanced O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hepatic O -synthesis O -of O -the O -androgen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -urinary O -protein O -in O -the O -rat O -, O -called O -alpha2u O -globulin O -, O -is O -strongly O -inhibited O -by O -estrogens B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -withdrawal O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -treatment O -alpha O -2u O -synthesis O -is O -not O -reinitiated O -for O -approximately O -20 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -Besides O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17beta I-Chemical -, O -other O -estrane O -derivatives O -such O -as O -estrone O -, O -estriol O -and O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17alpha I-Chemical -were O -also O -found O -to O -inhibit O -the O -synthesis O -of O -alpha2u O -globulin O -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -, O -a O -known O -translational O -inhibitor O -, O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17beta I-Chemical -does O -not O -inhibit O -alpha O -2u O -synthesis O -in O -the O -perfused O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -could O -be O -distinguished O -from O -polymerase O -A O -by O -salt B-Chemical -elution O -from O -phosphocellulose O -, O -utilization O -of O -poly O -( O -rC O -) O -- O -oligo O -( O -dG O -) O -and O -its O -molecular O -size O -of O -about O -70000 O -, O -as O -determined O -by O -centrifugation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antigenic O -properties O -of O -the O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -peptide O -F O -- O -CB3 O -from O -bovine O -fibrinogen O -alpha O -- O -chain O -were O -studied O -in O -radioimmune O -assays O -with O -rabbit O -antibodies O -to O -fibrinogen O -or O -to O -peptide O -F O -- O -CB3 O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -no O -cross O -- O -reaction O -was O -observed O -between O -bovine O -and O -human O -peptides O -F O -- O -B3 O -one O -may O -expect O -considerable O -variation O -in O -their O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -. O - -aps B-category -Cuffs O -containing O -lignocaine B-Chemical -did O -not O -affect O -boutons O -or O -axonal O -transport O -significantly O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -titer O -of O -anitbodies O -against O -HBsAg B-Chemical -by O -passive O -hemagglutination O -was O -1 O -: O -100 O -and O -approximately O -1 O -: O -350 O -, O -000 O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -a O -single O -intravenous O -infusion O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -30 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -did O -not O -change O -the O -picture O -of O -Rivanol O -- O -coloured O -nuclei O -which O -is O -not O -always O -true O -of O -the O -results O -obtained O -by O -FEULGEN O -' O -s O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pregnancy O -associated O -alpha O -- O -2 O -- O -glycoprotein O -" O -SP3 O -" O -is O -a O -macroprotein O -; O -the O -serum O -concentration O -of O -which O -is O -markedly O -enhanced O -by O -the O -increase O -of O -endogenous O -and O -exogenous O -estrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -SP3 O -does O -not O -occur O -in O -healthy O -men O -and O -women O -without O -application O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -were O -measured O -through O -dilution O -technique O -method O -using O -Evans O -blue O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -as O -anticoagulant O -. O - -aps B-category -Haemoglobin O -levels O -according O -to O -age O -, O -haematocrit O -, O -transferrin O -and O -serum O -iron B-Chemical -level O -in O -medical O -students O -of O -comparable O -socio O -- O -economic O -status O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -original O -method O -, O -where O -the O -test O -was O -carried O -out O -with O -whole O -blood O -, O -the O -incubation O -was O -made O -with O -pure O -lymphocyte O -cell O -suspensions O -. O - -aps B-category -Besides O -the O -5 O -main O -categories O -of O -lipids O -, O -lysolecithin O -, O -sphingomyelin O -, O -lecithin O -and O -cephalin O -as O -well O -as O -cholesterol B-Chemical -ester O -subfractions O -were O -determined O -according O -to O -their O -degree O -of O -saturation O -of O -their O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneously O -the O -fraction O -of O -ester O -with O -poly O -- O -unsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -is O -lowered O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -the O -leukaemic O -lymphocytes O -contrary O -to O -normal O -ones O -reveal O -a O -lowered O -content O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -esters O -, O -diglycerides O -and O -triglycerides B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Personal O -experiences O -with O -the O -immunosuppressive O -therapy O -of O -immunohaemocytopenia O -by O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -are O -represented O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -magnesium B-Chemical -ions O -on O -pyruvate B-Chemical -kinase O -- O -deficient O -red O -blood O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -injection O -of O -the O -drug O -has O -been O -followed O -by O -transient O -increase O -in O -magnesium B-Chemical -content O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -did O -not O -, O -however O -, O -succeed O -to O -maintain O -the O -high O -erythrocyte O -magnesium B-Chemical -concentration O -inducing O -the O -increase O -in O -PK O -activity O -during O -the O -longer O -period O -of O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -impact O -of O -the O -duration O -of O -the O -disease O -, O -of O -sex O -, O -age O -, O -and O -the O -dosage O -of O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -on O -the O -postoperative O -development O -of O -the O -disease O -is O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -similar O -reasons O -also O -higher O -concentrations O -of O -tannin O -and O -phenol B-Chemical -solutions O -were O -found O -dissatisfactory O -for O -the O -pretreatment O -of O -lymphocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Besides O -the O -cell O -' O -s O -contact O -, O -the O -presence O -of O -ADP O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -are O -necessary O -for O -the O -induction O -of O -the O -release O -reaction O -in O -human O -platelet O -rich O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -Whole O -ovaries O -of O -the O -sawfly O -, O -Acantholyda O -nemoralis O -Thoms O -. O -, O -Tenthredinidae O -, O -Hymenoptera O -, O -were O -cultivated O -by O -the O -organ O -culture O -technique O -of O -Fell O -in O -the O -medium O -of O -Jones O -and O -Cunningham O -modified O -by O -doubling O -the O -contents O -of O -salts O -, O -sugars O -and O -lactalbumin O -hydrolysate O -and O -supplemented O -with O -an O -addition O -of O -folate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chemical O -nature O -of O -the O -HL O -- O -A O -antigenic O -sites O -on O -peripheral O -blood O -lymphocytes O -was O -studied O -by O -treatment O -of O -these O -cells O -with O -glycolytic O -enzymes O -and O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -metaperiodate O -, O -and O -monitoring O -the O -residual O -antigen O -expression O -either O -by O -the O -lymphocyte O -cytotoxicity O -test O -or O -by O -quantitative O -microabsorption O -of O -monospecific O -anti O -- O -HL O -- O -A O -sera O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunoglobulin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -( O -IgG O -) O -and O -IgG O -antitoxins O -predominated O -, O -but O -after O -enteral O -immunization O -total O -IgA O -and O -specific O -IgA O -antibodies O -occasionally O -reached O -levels O -similar O -to O -those O -for O -IgG O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -two O -consituents O -, O -rhamnose O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -were O -detected O -in O -the O -purified O -column O -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -Antigenic O -properties O -of O -polymers O -formed O -by O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lactam I-Chemical -antibiotics O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -the O -polymers O -were O -shown O -to O -react O -with O -rabbit O -antibody O -of O -penicillins B-Chemical -and O -cephalosporins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Preparation O -of O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -14 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labelled I-Chemical -whole O -short O -ragweed O -pollen O -antigens O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -clinical O -trial O -of O -intravenous O -bleomycin B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -brain O -tumors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -overall O -response O -rate O -of O -gliomas O -to O -bleomycin B-Chemical -was O -more O -than O -50 O -per O -cent O -. O - -aps B-category -Arrhythmogenic O -properties O -of O -thiamylal O -sodium B-Chemical -in O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -protein O -determined O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -was O -43 O -, O -000 O -, O -whereas O -that O -of O -SJ25 O -flagellin O -was O -56 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -the O -protein O -was O -determined O -, O -the O -results O -being O -very O -similar O -to O -that O -for O -an O -Escheria O -coli O -hook O -protein O -reported O -by O -Silverman O -and O -Simon O -( O -1972 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Tissues O -fixed O -in O -osmium O -tetroxide O -or O -in O -combined O -osmium O -and O -glutaraldehyde O -( O -Hinde O -) O -, O -embedded O -in O -Spurr O -' O -s O -medium O -, O -cut O -at O -0 O -- O -5 O -- O -I O -mum O -and O -mounted O -in O -Farrants O -' O -gum O -medium O -containing O -ethyl O -gallate O -, O -show O -good O -staining O -of O -lipid O -- O -contaning O -structures O -( O -droplets O -of O -triglyceride B-Chemical -, O -membranes O -, O -mitochondria O -, O -etc O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -But O -a O -specific O -increase O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -in O -lipid O -- O -rich O -structures O -is O -obtained O -by O -partition O -of O -the O -tissues O -, O -before O -embedding O -, O -in O -70 O -% O -ethanol B-Chemical -saturated O -with O -the O -monoterpene O -hydrocarbon O -myrcene O -, O -with O -or O -without O -the O -addition O -of O -0 O -- O -I O -% O -ethyl O -gallate O -, O -followed O -by O -osmium O -tetroxide O -. O - -aps B-category -Ruthenium B-Chemical -red I-Chemical -was O -the O -most O -effective O -inducer O -of O -cell O -agglutination O -among O -the O -several O -cations O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Ruthenium B-Chemical -red I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -cell O -agglutination O -also O -was O -lowered O -with O -chondroitin O -sulphate O -and O -dextran B-Chemical -sulphate O -, O -but O -not O -with O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -, O -alpha O -- O -D O -- O -mannose O -or O -with O -several O -methyl O -glycosides O -. O - -aps B-category -Fine O -- O -structure O -cytochemical O -staining O -with O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -, O -ruthenium B-Chemical -violet O -, O -and O -Alcian O -blue B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lanthanum I-Chemical -nitrate I-Chemical -was O -used O -to O -ascertain O -the O -presence O -and O -distribution O -of O -presumptive O -carbohydrates O -in O -the O -trypanosome O -cell O -surface O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -evaluate O -the O -potential O -contribution O -of O -thyroidal O -secretion O -to O -the O -relative O -excess O -of O -triiodothyronine O -( O -T3 O -) O -production O -in O -hyperthyroidism O -and O -to O -investigate O -the O -effects O -of O -treatment O -, O -iodine B-Chemical -( O -127I O -) O -, O -T3 O -and O -thyroxine B-Chemical -( O -T4 O -) O -were O -measured O -in O -digests O -of O -thyroid O -tissue O -obtained O -at O -surgery O -from O -13 O -patients O -with O -Graves O -' O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -subjects O -( O -Group O -III O -) O -received O -only O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lack O -of O -correlation O -between O -tissue O -127I O -and O -T4 O -/ O -T3 O -ratio O -in O -the O -treated O -patients O -suggests O -that O -the O -lower O -T4 O -/ O -T3 O -ratio O -in O -Graves O -' O -thyroids O -is O -independent O -of O -intrathyroidal O -iodine B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -present O -evidence O -that O -the O -greater O -fecal O -populations O -of O -B O -- O -degrading O -bacteria O -in O -B O -secretors O -is O -due O -in O -part O -to O -a O -competitive O -nutritional O -advantage O -gained O -by O -their O -ability O -to O -enzymatically O -cleave O -the O -B O -antigenic O -determinant O -alpha B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -from O -gut O -mucins O -of O -B O -secretors O -. O - -aps B-category -Rhamnose O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -were O -present O -in O -a O -2 O -. O -4 O -: O -1 O -ratio O -and O -comprised O -98 O -and O -93 O -% O -of O -the O -purified O -antigens O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Grouping O -and O -cross O -- O -reacting O -antigens O -of O -oral O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -bacteria O -. O - -aps B-category -Improved O -salt B-Chemical -fractionation O -of O -animal O -serums O -for O -immunofluorescence O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluorescent O -antibody O -reagents O -prepared O -in O -this O -laboratory O -from O -serum O -fractions O -obtained O -by O -these O -optimal O -procedures O -provided O -conjugates O -that O -may O -be O -superior O -to O -those O -prepared O -from O -fractions O -obtained O -with O -a O -higher O -and O -uniform O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Testing O -these O -preparations O -on O -the O -leukocytes O -of O -6 O -honeybee O -- O -sensitive O -patients O -, O -with O -the O -in O -vitro O -method O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -, O -revealed O -that O -all O -individuals O -were O -most O -sensitive O -to O -phospholipase O -A O -. O -IgE O -antibodies O -against O -phospholipase O -A O -( O -RAST O -) O -were O -found O -in O -the O -sera O -of O -honeybee O -- O -sensitive O -patients O -and O -IgG O -antibodies O -to O -this O -venom O -component O -were O -found O -in O -the O -sera O -from O -beekeepers O -and O -venom O -- O -treated O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Suppression O -and O -reversal O -of O -allergic O -encephalomyelitis O -in O -guinea O -pigs O -with O -a O -non O -- O -encephalitogenic O -analogue O -of O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -region O -of O -the O -myelin O -basic O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -repeating O -unit O -sequence O -of O -peptide O -S42 O -is O -analogous O -to O -the O -encephalitogenic O -tryptophan B-Chemical -region O -of O -the O -BP O -molecules O -. O - -aps B-category -of O -the O -purified O -proteins O -determined O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -( O -SDS O -) O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -was O -13 O -, O -200 O -daltons O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -compositions O -of O -the O -beta O -- O -SCP O -and O -gamma O -- O -SCP O -from O -BSC O -and O -BSR O -were O -similar O -except O -that O -beta O -- O -SCP O -from O -BSR O -lacked O -half O -- O -cystine O -whereas O -gamma O -- O -SCP O -from O -BSR O -contained O -three O -times O -as O -much O -half O -- O -cystine O -as O -the O -SCP O -forms O -prepared O -from O -BSC O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -communication O -, O -we O -describe O -this O -fluorescence O -probe O -cytotoxicity O -assay O -and O -a O -sensitive O -electro O -- O -optical O -system O -designed O -to O -measure O -the O -fluorescence O -enhancement O -of O -ethidium O -bromide B-Chemical -as O -it O -intercalates O -with O -intracellular O -polyribonucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tumors O -were O -made O -up O -of O -tuboalveolar O -spaces O -lined O -by O -an O -eccrine O -duct O -type O -of O -epithelium O -with O -luminal B-Chemical -cells O -showing O -numerous O -microvilli O -. O - -aps B-category -Dibutyryl O -cyclic O -AMP O -had O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -leucine B-Chemical -and O -phenylalanine O -incorporation O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -new O -determinant O -of O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -) O -, O -g O -, O -which O -is O -distinct O -from O -the O -previously O -identified O -determinants O -a O -, O -d O -, O -y O -, O -w O -, O -and O -r O -, O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -high O -titers O -of O -IgG O -antibody O -were O -not O -associated O -with O -a O -diminution O -in O -the O -frequency O -of O -shock O -and O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -intra O -- O -arterial O -bleomycin B-Chemical -therapy O -on O -squamous O -cell O -carcinoma O -of O -the O -oral O -cavity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -one O -case O -a O -bleomycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -lesion O -of O -the O -lung O -was O -the O -cause O -of O -death O -, O -in O -4 O -cases O -a O -bronchopneumonia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mitotic O -inhibitor O -colchicine O -( O -COL O -) O -and O -its O -isomer O -lumi O -- O -colchicine O -( O -lumi O -- O -COL O -) O -were O -tested O -on O -the O -axonal O -transport O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -( O -ACh O -) O -, O -cholineacetyltransferase O -( O -CAT O -) O -and O -ACh O -- O -esterase O -( O -AChE O -) O -in O -rat O -motor O -nerves O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distribution O -, O -elimination O -, O -and O -anticoagulant O -effect O -of O -dicumarol O -and O -warfarin B-Chemical -were O -determined O -in O -adult O -males O -rats O -following O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -single O -doses O -of O -these O -drugs O -in O -crossover O -experiments O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -a O -statistically O -significant O -correlation O -between O -the O -following O -pharmacokinetic O -characteristics O -of O -dicumarol O -and O -warfarin B-Chemical -in O -individual O -animals O -: O -biological O -half O -- O -life O -, O -apparent O -volume O -of O -distribution O -, O -total O -plasma O -clearance O -, O -and O -concentration O -in O -plasma O -eliciting O -one O -- O -half O -the O -maximum O -anticoagulant O -effect O -( O -effective O -concentration O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ratio O -of O -the O -effective O -plasma O -concentrations O -( O -dicumarol O -/ O -warfarin B-Chemical -) O -was O -correlated O -negatively O -with O -the O -half O -- O -life O -of O -dicumarol O -and O -positively O -with O -the O -ratio O -of O -the O -half O -- O -life O -values O -( O -warfarin B-Chemical -/ O -dicumarol O -) O -in O -individual O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -of O -this O -study O -, O -together O -with O -the O -results O -of O -previous O -studies O -in O -this O -series O -, O -indicate O -that O -serum O -protein O -binding O -is O -the O -major O -determinant O -of O -interindividual O -differences O -in O -the O -pharmacokinetics O -of O -dicumarol O -and O -warfarin B-Chemical -in O -rats O -under O -these O -experimental O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -was O -undertaken O -to O -investigate O -the O -influence O -of O -fasting O -( O -24 O -hours O -) O -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -( O -four O -0 O -. O -25 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -s O -. O -c O -. O -doses O -at O -hourly O -intervals O -) O -, O -adrenocorticotropin O -( O -two O -40 O -I O -. O -U O -. O - -aps B-category -Fasting O -produced O -a O -significant O -enhancement O -of O -the O -antiprothrombin O -response O -to O -warfarin B-Chemical -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -fasting O -did O -not O -affect O -the O -response O -of O -anticoagulated O -animals O -to O -vitamin B-Chemical -K I-Chemical -. O -Plasma O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -significantly O -increased O -by O -the O -various O -challenges O -. O - -aps B-category -Fasting O -per O -se O -increased O -the O -amount O -of O -bound O -endogenous O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -per O -mole O -of O -protein O -; O -the O -latter O -parameter O -was O -further O -increased O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Flourescent O -staining O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -living O -muscle O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatments O -were O -either O -pessaries O -only O -for O -20 O -days O -or O -pessaries O -for O -10 O -days O -combined O -with O -an O -intramuscular O -injection O -of O -250 O -mg O -progesterone B-Chemical -+ O -7 O -- O -5 O -mg O -oestradiol O -benzoate O -on O -the O -day O -of O -insertion O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -total O -of O -273 O -Herford O -cross O -heifers O -were O -treated O -with O -intravaginal O -progestagen B-Chemical -pessaries O -to O -determine O -some O -of O -the O -factors O -affecting O -oestrous O -response O -and O -fertility O -following O -long O -- O -term O -( O -20 O -- O -day O -) O -and O -short O -- O -term O -( O -10 O -- O -day O -) O -treatments O -. O - -aps B-category -Reducing O -the O -dose O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -to O -250 O -mg O -resulted O -in O -a O -high O -oestrous O -response O -and O -a O -high O -degree O -of O -synchronization O -. O - -aps B-category -Cis O -and O -trans O -olefinic O -, O -epoxide O -, O -and O -cyclopropane O -analogs O -related O -to O -4 O -- O -[ O -N O -- O -( O -3 O -- O -chlorophenyl O -) O -carbamoyloxy O -] O -- O -2 O -- O -butynyltrimethylammonium O -chloride B-Chemical -( O -McN O -- O -A O -- O -343 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -muscarinic O -ganglion O -- O -stimulating O -properties O -of O -the O -active O -compounds O -are O -interpreted O -in O -terms O -of O -similar O -fit O -at O -the O -receptor O -level O -by O -the O -alkyltrimethylammonium O -ion O -and O -the O -ether B-Chemical -oxygen B-Chemical -5 O -. O -7 O -A O -distant O -, O -as O -well O -as O -an O -electron O -- O -rich O -center O -midway O -between O -groups O -in O -the O -form O -of O -a O -double O -bond O -or O -unshared O -electron O -pairs O -. O - -aps B-category -Preparation O -of O -analogs O -of O -4 O -- O -[ O -N O -- O -( O -3 O -- O -chlorophenyl O -) O -carbamoyloxy O -] O -- O -2 O -- O -butynyltrimethylammonium O -chloride B-Chemical -( O -1 O -, O -McN O -- O -A O -- O -343 O -) O -, O -the O -isomeric O -2 O -- O -trimethylammoniomethyl O -- O -3 O -- O -[ O -N O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -chlorophenyl O -) O -carbamoyloxymethyl O -] O -bicyclo O -[ O -2 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -] O -hept O -- O -5 O -- O -ene O -iodides O -( O -10 O -- O -13 O -) O -, O -and O -the O -corresponding O -- O -bicyclo O -[ O -2 O -. O -2 O -. O -1 O -] O -heptane O -iodides O -( O -14 O -- O -17 O -) O -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -inhibitory O -factor O -appears O -to O -prevent O -streptolysin O -becoming O -attached O -to O -cholesterol B-Chemical -receptor O -sites O -on O -the O -erythrocyte O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Pre O -- O -inoculation O -treatment O -with O -azathioprine B-Chemical -, O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -and O -antithymocyte O -serum O -did O -not O -increase O -susceptibility O -. O - -aps B-category -Critical O -- O -point O -dried O -specimens O -, O -from O -the O -fractions O -of O -the O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -at O -which O -DNA O -polymerase O -activity O -was O -found O -, O -contained O -particles O -of O -the O -same O -size O -and O -morphology O -as O -those O -in O -the O -thin O -sections O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -DTH O -response O -was O -specific O -for O -type O -- O -C O -virus O -subtypes O -because O -it O -could O -distinguish O -the O -Rauscher O -strain O -of O -murine O -leukemia O -virus O -from O -AKR O -leukemia O -virus O -when O -the O -challenge O -antigen O -was O -extracted O -with O -Tween O -80 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ether I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -ether B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -antigen O -( O -es O -- O -Ag O -) O -associated O -with O -bovine O -leukemia O -virus O -infection O -was O -detected O -by O -immunodiffusion O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -column O -chromatography O -, O -es O -- O -Ag O -was O -a O -larger O -molecule O -than O -that O -of O -ether B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -antigen O -( O -gs O -- O -Ag O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -secretions O -suctioned O -from O -ten O -patients O -in O -shock O -, O -large O -numbers O -of O -histiocytes O -were O -found O -to O -have O -ingested O -inorganic O -iron B-Chemical -detectable O -by O -the O -Prussian O -blue O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -may O -, O -therefore O -, O -be O -that O -iron B-Chemical -is O -deposited O -in O -the O -lungs O -in O -low O -flow O -states O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -type O -C O -virions O -from O -normal O -rat O -kidney O -cells O -by O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Intravesical O -bleomycin B-Chemical -in O -bladder O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Potentiation O -by O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -of O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -rat O -mast O -cells O -induced O -by O -concanavalin O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Characteristics O -of O -use O -of O -the O -method O -of O -determination O -of O -aldosterone B-Chemical -excretion O -at O -the O -early O -postoperative O -period O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparative O -characteristics O -of O -enzymatic O -methods O -of O -determination O -of O -blood O -serum O -urea B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Serotyping O -of O -Mycobacterium O -tuberculosis O -with O -the O -aid O -of O -niacin B-Chemical -reaction O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Use O -of O -the O -iodine B-Chemical -test O -for O -the O -purpose O -of O -detection O -of O -hypergammaglobulinemia O -in O -chronic O -viral O -hepatitis O -and O -other O -chronic O -infections O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -by O -way O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -phosphoenzyme O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -potassium B-Chemical -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -experiments O -it O -was O -driven O -backward O -in O -a O -transient O -two O -- O -step O -operation O -involving O -, O -first O -, O -phosphorylation O -of O -the O -enzyme O -from O -inorganic O -phosphate B-Chemical -, O -and O -second O -, O -transfer O -of O -the O -phosphate B-Chemical -group O -from O -the O -enzyme O -to O -ADP O -upon O -addition O -of O -a O -high O -concentration O -of O -Na O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -( O -P O -. O -G O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Gentamicin B-Chemical -resistance O -in O -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Paracetamol B-Chemical -hepatotoxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Salbutamol B-Chemical -aerosol O -in O -premature O -labour O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -and O -haemolytic O -anaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Preliminary O -data O -suggest O -elevated O -urinary O -oestrogen B-Chemical -excretion O -in O -three O -men O -from O -these O -families O -, O -implicating O -a O -defect O -in O -oestrogen B-Chemical -production O -or O -metabolism O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -male O -breast O -neoplasms O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -low O -- O -dose O -heparin B-Chemical -prophylaxis O -on O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -after O -high O -laparotomy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -arterial O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -was O -the O -same O -in O -both O -groups O -preoperatively O -and O -was O -equally O -significantly O -reduced O -during O -the O -1st O -postoperative O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -arterial O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -tension O -did O -not O -differ O -between O -the O -groups O -, O -neither O -did O -it O -vary O -significantly O -between O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -acute O -lethal O -myopericarditis O -has O -been O -observed O -in O -four O -out O -of O -fifteen O -patients O -receiving O -high O -- O -dose O -combination O -chemotherapy O -which O -includes O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -45 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -for O -four O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -model O -psychosis O -associated O -with O -amphetamine B-Chemical -overdosage O -is O -known O -to O -bear O -a O -close O -resemblance O -to O -acute O -paranoid O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -some O -cases O -of O -schizophrenia O -may O -be O -associated O -with O -an O -abnormal O -phenylethylamine O -response O -, O -either O -from O -increased O -concentrations O -of O -the O -amine B-Chemical -or O -from O -abnormal O -receptor O -sensitivity O -to O -it O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Allergic O -reactions O -to O -cis O -platinum B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Labetalol B-Chemical -and O -clonidine B-Chemical -in O -severe O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Do O -changes O -in O -blood O -levels O -of O -other O -aromatic O -aminoacids O -influence O -levodopa B-Chemical -therapy O -? O - -aps B-category -A O -randomised O -controlled O -trial O -of O -the O -use O -of O -intravenous O -cysteamine O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -severe O -paracetamol B-Chemical -poisoning O -has O -been O -performed O -. O - -aps B-category -Separate O -analysis O -of O -the O -patients O -treated O -within O -9 O -h O -of O -paractamol O -ingestion O -and O -of O -those O -treated O -9 O -- O -17 O -h O -after O -paracetamol B-Chemical -ingesion O -similarly O -showed O -no O -definite O -advantage O -of O -cysteamine O -. O - -aps B-category -received O -bicarbonate B-Chemical -at O -the O -time O -of O -birth O -. O - -aps B-category -Maximum O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sodium I-Chemical -concentrations O -correlated O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -dosage O -but O -not O -I O -. O -V O -. O -H O -. O - -aps B-category -Breath O -hydrogen B-Chemical -in O -hyposucrasia O -. O - -aps B-category -Six O -who O -had O -normal O -sucrase O -activity O -on O -jejunal O -biopsy O -produced O -no O -H2 O -after O -taking O -50 O -g O -of O -sucrose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -the O -two O -patients O -with O -low O -jejunal O -sucrase O -activity O -showed O -rises O -of O -breath O -H2 O -, O -after O -only O -25 O -g O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Concentrations O -of O -both O -magnesium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -were O -significantly O -increased O -in O -normal O -heart O -muscle O -samples O -from O -an O -area O -with O -a O -soft O -water O -supply O -compared O -with O -matched O -samples O -from O -an O -area O -with O -hard O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -magnesium B-Chemical -/ O -potassium B-Chemical -ratio O -was O -significantly O -lower O -in O -the O -softwater O -area O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -whole O -- O -body O -monitor O -was O -used O -to O -measure O -total O -body O -potassium B-Chemical -as O -an O -index O -of O -the O -lean O -tissue O -mass O -. O - -aps B-category -Editorial O -: O -Working O -with O -iodine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -125 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -lung O -- O -cancer O -mortality O -has O -increased O -in O -women O -along O -with O -their O -cigarette O -consumption O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Withdrawal O -of O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Beneficial O -effects O -of O -methylprednisolone B-Chemical -" O -pulse O -" O -therapy O -in O -diffuse O -proliferative O -lupus O -nephritis O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -the O -pulse O -, O -five O -patients O -with O -rapidly O -deteriorating O -ranal O -function O -improved O -within O -three O -days O -and O -their O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -creatinine I-Chemical -levels O -returned O -to O -baseline O -by O -one O -month O -. O - -aps B-category -Is O -vasopressin B-Chemical -involved O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -malignant O -desoxycorticosterone O -hypertension O -in O -rats O -? O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -fourth O -to O -seventh O -week O -after O -the O -start O -of O -the O -experiment O -, O -malignant O -hypertension O -developed O -in O -most O -of O -the O -animals O -: O -body O -weight O -fell O -, O -reflecting O -volume O -depletion O -; O -serum O -osmolality O -and O -serum O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -urea B-Chemical -concentrations O -increased O -; O -in O -the O -kidneys O -malignant O -nephrosclerosis O -occurred O -. O - -aps B-category -to O -normal O -or O -subnormal O -levels O -, O -while O -the O -injection O -of O -an O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -I I-Chemical -or O -angiotensin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -antibody O -did O -not O -affect O -B O -. O -P O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -methods O -of O -overcoming O -this O -problem O -have O -been O -used O -clinically O -, O -including O -the O -administration O -of O -hyperbaric O -oxygen B-Chemical -during O -irradiation O -, O -radiotherapy O -with O -heavy O -nuclear O -particles O -such O -as O -neutrons O -from O -cyclotrons O -, O -optimum O -size O -and O -spacing O -of O -multiple O -doses O -of O -conventional O -radiation O -, O -and O -, O -most O -recently O -, O -chemical O -radiosensitisers O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -are O -not O -rapidly O -metabollised O -and O -so O -can O -penetrate O -further O -than O -oxygen B-Chemical -from O -the O -vascular O -capillaries O -and O -effectively O -reach O -the O -hypoxic O -cells O -in O -the O -tumour O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Growth O -- O -hormone O -response O -to O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -in O -parkinsonism O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Immunoblactic O -lymphadenopathy O -associated O -with O -phenytoin B-Chemical -( O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Effects O -of O -low O -doses O -of O -a O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -stimulator O -in O -mania O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -between O -the O -severity O -of O -hypertensive O -disease O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -and O -sympathetic O -activity O -has O -been O -studied O -in O -subjects O -of O -the O -same O -age O -and O -sex O -derived O -from O -screening O -a O -total O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -Up O -to O -the O -level O -of O -90 O -mm O -Hg O -resting O -diastolic O -B O -. O -P O -. O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -excretion O -rose O -in O -complete O -agreement O -with O -the O -theory O -of O -pressure O -diuresis O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -two O -findings O -indicated O -that O -with O -increasing O -severity O -of O -hypertension O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -balance O -overrides O -the O -sympathetic O -activity O -in O -the O -long O -- O -term O -regulation O -of O -B O -. O -P O -. O - -aps B-category -10 O -patients O -with O -benign O -gastric O -ulcer O -were O -treated O -with O -cimetidine B-Chemical -0 O -- O -8 O -to O -1 O -- O -6 O -g O -/ O -day O -for O -six O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -proposed O -that O -the O -development O -of O -ventricular O -fibrillation O -in O -the O -context O -of O -ischaemic O -heart O -- O -disease O -and O -myocardial O -infarction O -can O -be O -related O -to O -accumulation O -of O -cyclic O -adenosine B-Chemical -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -monophosphate O -( O -A O -. O -M O -. O -P O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Cysteamine O -for O -paracetamol B-Chemical -poisoning O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Adriamycin B-Chemical -in O -advanced O -breast O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Age O -- O -dependent O -sensitivity O -to O -salicylate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -intravenous O -prednisolone B-Chemical -in O -asthmatics O -with O -diminished O -adrenergic O -responsiveness O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -40 O -mg O -prednisolone B-Chemical -appeared O -to O -restore O -responsiveness O -to O -inhaled O -isoprenaline B-Chemical -in O -eight O -out O -of O -ten O -chronic O -asthmatics O -who O -were O -previously O -non O -- O -responsive O -to O -catecholamines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneous O -increases O -in O -reverse O -triiodothyronine O -( O -rT3 O -) O -concentrations O -suggested O -that O -the O -peripheral O -monodeiodination O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -( O -T4 O -) O -proceeds O -by O -an O -alternative O -pathway O -in O -the O -postoperative O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Is O -early O -decline O -of O -cardiac O -function O -in O -ischaemia O -due O -to O -carbon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dioxide I-Chemical -retention O -? O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Diuretic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -oedema O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Success O -with O -lithium B-Chemical -in O -a O -disturbed O -child O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Probenecid O -and O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -rifampicin I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Danger O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -during O -pelvic O -irradiation O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Cimetidine B-Chemical -and O -gastric O -potential O -difference O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Storage O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -blood O -following O -liberation O -from O -liver O -and O -antrum O -through O -trypsin O -: O -protective O -mechanism O -or O -a O -factor O -promoting O -pancreatic O -shock O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -histamine B-Chemical -content O -of O -the O -human O -liver O -was O -found O -to O -be O -high O -enough O -to O -allow O -the O -invasion O -of O -mg O -amounts O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -into O -the O -circulation O -after O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -present O -it O -cannot O -be O -decided O -whether O -this O -mechanism O -leads O -to O -detoxification O -or O -to O -a O -more O -powerful O -action O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -microcirculation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -with O -stress O -bleeding O -and O -severe O -burns O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -levels O -in O -plasma O -and O -in O -gastric O -juice O -were O -significantly O -elevated O -compared O -with O -a O -control O -group O -( O -patients O -with O -abdominal O -operations O -and O -uncomplicated O -postoperative O -course O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -rapid O -gelatin O -infusion O -in O -many O -cases O -a O -release O -of O -relatively O -small O -amounts O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -application O -of O -dextran B-Chemical -60 O -induced O -anaphylactoid O -reactions O -in O -2 O -persons O -, O -with O -death O -in O -one O -case O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -release O -probably O -is O -not O -the O -cause O -of O -dextrn O -induced O -anaphylactoid O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Diagnostic O -value O -of O -copper B-Chemical -, O -haptoglobin O -and O -alpha O -- O -2 O -- O -globulin O -in O -the O -serum O -of O -patients O -with O -Hodgkin O -' O -s O -disease O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Divided O -into O -four O -groups O -according O -to O -different O -kind O -and O -cause O -of O -disorder O -, O -240 O -patients O -showing O -psychosomatic O -disorders O -have O -been O -treated O -with O -chlorazepate O -dipotassium O -only O -or O -in O -combination O -with O -clomipramine B-Chemical -and O -dihydroergotamine O -tartrate O -ambulant O -or O -in O -hospital O -, O -depending O -on O -the O -degree O -of O -severity O -of O -the O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -products O -of O -synthesis O -are O -not O -covalently O -attached O -to O -the O -template O -and O -sediment O -as O -short O -( O -12S O -) O -DNA O -chains O -in O -alkaline O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -niridazole O -is O -genetically O -active O -when O -the O -treatment O -of O -yeast O -cells O -is O -performed O -in O -a O -rich O -medium O -( O -YPG O -- O -medium O -) O -under O -growing O -conditions O -, O -but O -not O -when O -treatment O -is O -carried O -out O -in O -a O -non O -- O -nutrient O -suspension O -( O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Analgesic O -action O -of O -lysine O -acetylsalicylate B-Chemical -in O -intravenous O -administration O -on O -pain O -caused O -by O -cancer O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -toluidine O -blue O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -in O -solutions O -at O -varying O -pH O -, O -after O -methylation O -and O -after O -alkali B-Chemical -demethylation O -demonstrate O -the O -acid O -sulfated O -mucopolysaccharide O -react O -within O -the O -pH O -range O -( O -3 O -. O -2 O -) O -, O -4 O -, O -4 O -. O -5 O -, O -5 O -; O -persistence O -of O -non B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alcohol I-Chemical -resistant O -granular O -metachromasia O -above O -pH O -5 O -. O -5 O -suggests O -the O -presence O -of O -granules O -containing O -acid O -mucopolysaccharides O -staining O -as O -the O -result O -of O -possessing O -- O -- O -COOH O -radicals O -. O - -aps B-category -Indium O -( O -111In O -) O -- O -labelled O -bleomycin B-Chemical -for O -the O -detection O -of O -intracranial O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -two O -of O -these O -bleomycin B-Chemical -distinguished O -residual O -tumour O -from O -the O -effects O -of O -craniotomy O -more O -clearly O -than O -did O -pertechnetate O -; O -in O -three O -bleomycin B-Chemical -apparently O -detected O -tumour O -not O -seen O -with O -pertechnetate O -, O -and O -in O -two O -the O -differences O -may O -have O -been O -due O -to O -technical O -factors O -, O -or O -are O -unexplained O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -of O -inhaled O -lead B-Chemical -from O -motor O -exhaust O -. O - -aps B-category -Detergent O -and O -papain O -solubilized O -murine O -histocompatibility O -( O -H O -- O -2 O -) O -antigens O -have O -been O -compared O -by O -gel O -exclusion O -chromatography O -, O -ultracentrifugation O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -and O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -analysis O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -data O -indicate O -that O -the O -fragment O -FH O -derives O -from O -the O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -terminus I-Chemical -of O -the O -heavy O -chain O -and O -suggest O -that O -it O -projects O -outward O -from O -the O -cell O -surface O -, O -while O -the O -carboxyl O -- O -terminal O -region O -is O -associated O -with O -the O -plasma O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunization O -of O -guinea O -pigs O -with O -bovine O -cardiac O -cAMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -protein O -kinase O -( O -ATP O -: O -protein O -phosphotransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -1 O -. O -37 O -) O -resulted O -in O -the O -development O -of O -precipitating O -antibodies O -to O -the O -cAMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -subunit O -of O -the O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -cAMP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -protein O -kinases O -within O -and O -between O -species O -are O -immunologically O -heterogeneous O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -antibodies O -to O -F1 O -failed O -to O -prevent O -cell O -- O -cell O -adhesion O -and O -did O -not O -crossreact O -with O -F2 O -. O - -aps B-category -Techniques O -for O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -analysis O -of O -subnanomole O -quantities O -of O -polypeptides O -have O -been O -applied O -to O -characterize O -beta2 O -- O -microglobulin O -and O -transplantation O -antigens O -of O -the O -mouse O -isolated O -from O -spleen O -cells O -by O -indirect O -immunoprecipitation O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -of O -lead B-Chemical -by O -inhalation O -of O -motor O -exhaust O -. O - -aps B-category -Cordycepin O -( O -3 O -- O -deoxyadenosine O -) O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -poly O -( O -a O -) O -synthesis O -, O -was O -found O -to O -inhibit O -the O -induction O -of O -the O -endogenous O -type O -" O -C O -" O -RNA O -virus O -by O -5 O -- O -iodo O -- O -2 O -' O -- O -deoxyuridine O -in O -a O -line O -of O -Fisher O -rat O -embryo O -cells O -( O -H43 O -) O -grown O -in O -vitro O -, O -and O -when O -continuously O -incorporated O -into O -the O -medium O -at O -those O -same O -concentrations O -, O -it O -was O -found O -to O -protect O -the O -cells O -from O -transformation O -by O -the O -chemical O -carcinogen O -3 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methylcholanthrene I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -No O -passage O -of O -contrast B-Chemical -medium I-Chemical -to O -the O -veins O -was O -ever O -demonstrable O -. O - -aps B-category -Even O -at O -the O -first O -postoperative O -examination O -, O -when O -the O -operation O -cavity O -was O -exposed O -to O -pressure O -by O -urination O -, O -the O -veins O -that O -had O -been O -opened O -at O -operation O -had O -closed O -so O -effectively O -that O -no O -contrast B-Chemical -medium I-Chemical -passed O -outside O -the O -prostatic O -capsule O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -unacceptable O -mortality O -prompted O -us O -to O -introduce O -two O -programmes O -, O -one O -without O -anticoagulation O -and O -another O -one O -with O -dipyridamole B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetylsalicylic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Modern O -radionuclide O -techniques O -of O -joint O -imaging O -involve O -the O -use O -of O -either O -99mTc O -- O -pertechnetate O -or O -99mTc B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -compounds O -in O -conjunction O -with O -the O -Anger O -camera O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -preliminary O -study O -which O -lasted O -14 O -weeks O -, O -an O -anti O -- O -anginal O -preparation O -, O -perhexiline B-Chemical -maleate I-Chemical -( O -Pexid O -) O -, O -was O -prescribed O -in O -a O -dosage O -of O -200 O -mg O -twice O -a O -day O -to O -7 O -patients O -who O -were O -suffering O -from O -cardiac O -arrhythmias O -associated O -with O -ischaemic O -heart O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequences O -of O -those O -portions O -of O -human O -fibrinogen O -fragment O -E O -which O -are O -not O -included O -in O -the O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -terminal I-Chemical -disulfide O -knot O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -last O -reagent O -does O -not O -possess O -the O -amino B-Chemical -substituted O -side O -chain O -even O -though O -it O -has O -the O -same O -intercalating O -nucleus O -. O - -aps B-category -Stain O -dewaxed O -sections O -for O -1 O -/ O -2 O -hour O -in O -a O -dyebath O -containing O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -w O -/ O -v O -axure O -A O -or O -toluidine O -blue O -and O -1 O -% O -cationic O -surfactant O -( O -Hyamine O -2389 O -, O -a O -50 O -% O -w O -/ O -v O -aqueous O -solution O -of O -diisobutylphenoxyethoxyethyldimethylbenzylammonium O -chloride B-Chemical -; O -or O -benzyldimethylammonium O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -or O -cetylpyridinium O -bromide B-Chemical -, O -or O -cetyltrimethylammonium O -bromide B-Chemical -) O -buffered O -to O -pH O -7 O -with O -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cytogenetics O -analysis O -of O -meiotic O -chromosomes O -of O -irradiated O -mice O -and O -their O -progeny O -after O -treatment O -with O -streptomycin B-Chemical -and O -dihydrodeoxystreptomycin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cytological O -findings O -show O -the O -absence O -of O -any O -mutagenic O -effect O -in O -animals O -nonirradiated O -and O -treated O -with O -streptomycin B-Chemical -and O -dihydrodeoxystreptomycin O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -steroids B-Chemical -were O -tested O -for O -their O -biological O -activity O -, O -using O -the O -sex B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -steroid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -redevelopment O -of O -the O -secondary O -sex O -characteristics O -in O -adult O -frogs O -and O -gonadal O -sex O -differentiation O -in O -larval O -frogs O -as O -end O -points O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -patients O -have O -been O -treated O -with O -CCNU B-Chemical -, O -bleomycin B-Chemical -, O -methotrexate B-Chemical -, O -and O -platinum B-Chemical -in O -various O -combinations O -. O - -aps B-category -Prostatic O -fluid O -zinc B-Chemical -levels O -in O -15 O -men O -with O -chronic O -bacterial O -prostatitis O -averaged O -50 O -mug O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -no O -overlap O -in O -the O -range O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -values O -between O -the O -two O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Exogenous O -zinc B-Chemical -given O -orally O -did O -not O -increase O -the O -EPS O -zinc B-Chemical -level O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -presented O -suggest O -that O -zinc B-Chemical -may O -serve O -as O -an O -in O -vivo O -defense O -mechanism O -against O -prostatic O -invasion O -and O -subsequent O -urinary O -tract O -infections O -in O -men O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -can O -also O -be O -successfully O -used O -with O -materials O -that O -have O -been O -preliminary O -fixed O -with O -formalin B-Chemical -but O -their O -clearing O -has O -been O -considerably O -worse O -. O - -aps B-category -Tritiated O -thymidine B-Chemical -was O -used O -to O -determine O -labelling O -indices O -and O -grain O -counts O -. O - -aps B-category -Serological O -specificity O -of O -thymidine B-Chemical -kinase O -activity O -in O -herpes O -simplex O -virus O -- O -transformed O -L O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -with O -coronary O -atherosclerosis O -in O -I O -and O -III O -stages O -content O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -blood O -, O -excretion O -of O -free O -histamine B-Chemical -with O -urine O -, O -activities O -of O -serum O -histidine O -decarboxylase O -and O -diaminooxidase O -, O -histaminopexy O -of O -blood O -serum O -and O -content O -of O -antihistamine O -factor O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Between O -the O -content O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -blood O -and O -the O -diaminooxidase O -activity O -no O -correlation O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Antihistamine O -and O -desensitizing O -preparations O -( O -pipolphen O -, O -heparin B-Chemical -, O -amidopyrine O -and O -ascorbic O -acid O -) O -increased O -the O -therapeutic O -efficiency O -of O -vasodilating O -drugs O -, O -decreased O -stenocardia O -attacks O -, O -accelerated O -both O -clinical O -improvement O -and O -normalization O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -preparation O -detects O -antigens O -of O -arboviruses O -of O -this O -group O -in O -the O -tissue O -culture O -fluid O -and O -in O -suckling O -mouse O -brain O -tissue O -treated O -with O -sucrose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetone I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -after O -exhaustion O -of O -the O -in O -- O -vitro O -- O -diagnostics O -the O -radio B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iodine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -test I-Chemical -should O -be O -performed O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Urocytogram O -in O -the O -treatment O -with O -bleomycin B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Heparin B-Chemical -and O -the O -heparin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -precipitated I-Chemical -human O -blood O -plasma O -fraction O -in O -the O -rosette O -formation O -reaction O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -such O -effect O -was O -produced O -by O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -supposition O -was O -put O -forward O -that O -these O -substances O -interacting O -with O -lymphocytes O -had O -different O -points O -of O -application O -: O -heparin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cellular I-Chemical -membrane O -, O -FPH O -- O -superficial O -cell O -receptors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -O O -- O -antigen O -contained O -galactose B-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -mannose O -, O -rhamnose O -, O -heptose O -and O -hexosamine O -; O -in O -difference O -to O -K O -- O -antigen O -was O -equal O -to O -150000 O -- O -- O -160000 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -study O -of O -112 O -patients O -undergoing O -elective O -major O -surgery O -clinical O -and O -haemostatic O -data O -was O -followed O -in O -connection O -with O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -investigation O -on O -the O -effect O -of O -subcutaneous O -low O -- O -dose O -heparin B-Chemical -prophylaxis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -heparin B-Chemical -administered O -subcutaneously O -revealed O -no O -significant O -differences O -. O - -aps B-category -Amino O -acid O -analysis O -revealed O -a O -high O -content O -of O -glycine B-Chemical -, O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -aspartic O -acid O -, O -and O -a O -low O -content O -of O -histidine O -and O -leucine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -93 O -patients O -with O -generalized O -scleroderma O -were O -given O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -, O -benzyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -diethylamino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ester I-Chemical -hydroiodide O -, O -adrenal O -glucocorticoids O -, O -dextro B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thyroxine I-Chemical -, O -hydralazine B-Chemical -, O -and O -" O -mixed O -treatment O -" O -( O -one O -or O -several O -of O -the O -drugs O -in O -consecutive O -courses O -, O -or O -concurrently O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -improved O -25 O -of O -34 O -treated O -patients O -; O -penicillin B-Chemical -hydroiodide O -12 O -out O -of O -16 O -. O - -aps B-category -Pustulosis O -palmaris O -et O -plantaris O -( O -with O -special O -reference O -to O -heparin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -precipitable I-Chemical -fraction O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -technique O -for O -the O -induction O -of O -sensitization O -in O -pigs O -with O -a O -nickel B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alanine I-Chemical -conjugate O -has O -been O -reported O -by O -other O -investigators O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -nickel B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -complexes O -and O -nickel O -- O -guinea O -pig O -skin O -complex O -were O -not O -antigenic O -in O -guinea O -pigs O -with O -this O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -71 O -- O -year O -- O -old O -man O -with O -non O -- O -lipemic O -, O -generalized O -, O -plane O -xanthomas O -developed O -nodules O -and O -tumors O -within O -one O -month O -of O -starting O -indomethacin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Severe O -extensive O -alopecia O -areata O -( O -totalis O -) O -was O -treated O -with O -prednisolone B-Chemical -as O -a O -single O -2 O -g O -dose O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -Venous O -leg O -ulceration O -: O -skin O -and O -serum O -zinc B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -serum O -zinc B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -significantly O -lowered O -in O -the O -ulcer O -group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -difference O -was O -more O -marked O -if O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -calculated O -per O -surface O -area O -of O -skin O -, O -but O -did O -not O -reach O -statistical O -significance O -. O - -aps B-category -Progesterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -and O -testosterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -activity O -in O -guinea O -pig O -serum O -during O -pregnancy O -: O -relationship O -to O -progesterone B-Chemical -and O -oestrogens B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentrations O -of O -this O -protein O -( O -progesterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -, O -PBG O -) O -as O -well O -as O -the O -testosterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -activity O -( O -TBA O -) O -have O -been O -quantitated O -by O -means O -of O -equilibrium O -dialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -, O -PBG O -and O -TBA O -showed O -a O -sharp O -rise O -on O -days O -14 O -- O -18 O -of O -gestation O -, O -reaching O -a O -maximal O -level O -on O -days O -30 O -- O -44 O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -progesterone B-Chemical -, O -PBG O -nor O -TBA O -were O -significantly O -correlated O -to O -the O -urinary O -oestrogen B-Chemical -excretion O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mean O -of O -64 O -% O -of O -the O -binding O -sites O -was O -available O -for O -testosterone B-Chemical -binding O -, O -corresponding O -to O -a O -free O -binding O -capacity O -of O -400 O -mug O -testosterone B-Chemical -per O -100 O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibodies O -against O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -( O -A O -II O -) O -were O -generated O -in O -rabbits O -by O -immunization O -with O -val5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -angiotensin I-Chemical -II I-Chemical -coupled O -to O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -position O -1 O -and O -2 O -may O -become O -additional O -immunological O -determinants O -, O -providing O -the O -basis O -for O -the O -generation O -of O -antibodies O -highly O -specific O -for O -A O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -Selected O -antisera O -against O -A O -II O -may O -be O -used O -for O -radioimmunoassays O -of O -the O -biologically O -active O -angiotensin B-Chemical -" O -III O -" O -( O -2 O -- O -8 O -heptapeptide O -) O -and O -the O -3 O -- O -8 O -hexapeptide O -fragment O -of O -A O -II O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -evaluations O -of O -the O -uptake O -of O -an O -acid O -ferric O -hydroxide O -sol O -revealed O -the O -iron B-Chemical -binding O -of O -model O -substrates O -unrelated O -to O -their O -ion O -binding O -capacity O -. O - -aps B-category -Morphometric O -estimations O -resulted O -in O -a O -good O -agreement O -of O -the O -surface O -/ O -volume O -ratio O -with O -the O -amount O -of O -bound O -iron B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Absorbances O -of O -hematoxylin B-Chemical -solutions O -at O -varying O -pH O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pH O -of O -these O -aliquots O -was O -adjusted O -with O -2 O -1 O -/ O -2 O -% O -NaOH B-Chemical -or O -10 O -% O -H2SO4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -paper O -describes O -a O -highly O -satisfactory O -method O -for O -in O -situ O -localization O -of O -DNA O -in O -tissues O -fixed O -in O -picro B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -formol I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -or O -picro O -- O -formol O -- O -acetic O -- O -chromic O -acid O -mixtures O -following O -a O -technique O -in O -the O -Feulgen O -procedure O -as O -devised O -by O -the O -author O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -long O -- O -term O -treatment O -with O -procaine B-Chemical -amide O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylation O -test O -with O -sulphamidine O -and O -/ O -or O -isoniazid B-Chemical -in O -11 O -patients O -among O -the O -SLE O -cases O -showed O -8 O -slow O -and O -3 O -fast O -acetylators O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -phosphatidyl O -serine O -( O -PS O -) O -on O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -isolated O -rat O -mast O -cells O -induced O -by O -antigen O -, O -compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -, O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -' O -- O -triphosphate O -( O -ATP O -) O -, O -the O -ionophore O -A23187 O -, O -and O -decylamine O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Consequently O -, O -the O -results O -cannot O -be O -used O -as O -evidence O -for O -the O -existence O -of O -basic O -differences O -in O -the O -release O -process O -induced O -by O -various O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -energy O -- O -dependent O -releasing O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -, O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -5 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -( O -ATP O -) O -and O -exogenous O -histamine B-Chemical -( O -Hi O -) O -on O -the O -healing O -of O -excised O -surface O -wound O -and O -tensile O -strength O -of O -surgical O -skin O -wound O -in O -rat O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulatory O -effects O -of O -diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical -and O -diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical -diphosphate O -on O -the O -reticuloendothelial O -cells O -of O -the O -rat O -spleen O -. O - -aps B-category -Routine O -histological O -and O -histochemical O -techniques O -were O -used O -to O -determine O -the O -distribution O -of O -metalophilic O -cells O -, O -hydrolytic O -enzymes O -, O -the O -presence O -of O -intracytoplasmic O -PAS O -- O -positive O -material O -, O -hemosiderin O -sequestration O -, O -and O -the O -ability O -to O -phagocytose O -injected O -carbon B-Chemical -particles O -and O -bacterial O -organisms O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -quantitative O -study O -of O -the O -pregnancy O -zone O -protein O -in O -sera O -of O -woman O -taking O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Woman O -taking O -only O -0 O -. O -3 O -mg O -. O -of O -norethisterone B-Chemical -were O -found O -not O -to O -induce O -measurable O -amounts O -of O -PZ O -, O -whereas O -women O -taking O -combined O -contraceptive O -drugs O -showed O -a O -significant O -rise O -in O -concentration O -of O -PZ O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serum O -concentrations O -of O -pregnancy O -zone O -protein O -( O -PZ O -) O -were O -measured O -by O -means O -of O -a O -single O -radial O -immunodiffusion O -test O -in O -322 O -blood O -samples O -from O -103 O -women O -, O -drawn O -prior O -to O -and O -during O -treatment O -with O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -( O -OCs O -) O -, O -in O -order O -to O -study O -the O -level O -of O -PZ O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -composition O -of O -the O -OC O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -3rd O -group O -of O -23 O -women O -were O -examined O -during O -treatment O -with O -low O -- O -dose O -progestin O -contraceptives O -, O -. O -3 O -mg O -norethisterone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatitis O -B O -antigen O -( O -HBAg O -) O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -in O -conventional O -formalin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fixed I-Chemical -paraffin O -- O -embedded O -liver O -tissue O -by O -peroxidase O -and O -fluorescent O -immunostaining O -as O -well O -as O -by O -orcein O -. O - -aps B-category -Results O -of O -immunostaining O -procedures O -indicate O -that O -the O -antigen O -demonstrated O -in O -this O -study O -consists O -entirely O -of O -surface O -coat O -of O -hepatitis O -B O -virus O -( O -HBsAg B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Small O -deposits O -of O -silver B-Chemical -were O -seen O -in O -the O -heterochromatin O -in O -very O -early O -intermediate O -normoblasts O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -of O -the O -individuals O -, O -the O -silver B-Chemical -deposits O -were O -localized O -predominantly O -in O -the O -heterochromatic O -regions O -of O -the O -nucleus O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -chronic O -erythremic O -myelosis O -erythroid O -precursors O -, O -the O -silver B-Chemical -deposits O -were O -larger O -and O -, O -in O -many O -instances O -, O -appeared O -to O -be O -more O -aggregated O -than O -in O -erythroid O -precursors O -obtained O -from O -3 O -patients O -with O -untreated O -pernicious O -anemia O -, O -2 O -patients O -with O -autoimmune O -hemolytic O -anemia O -, O -and O -4 O -presumedly O -normal O -persons O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increase O -in O -acid O -secretion O -was O -associated O -with O -an O -increased O -leak O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -from O -the O -mucosa O -into O -the O -serosal O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -Ba O -+ O -+ O -releases O -histamine B-Chemical -which O -then O -stimulates O -acid O -secretion O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -cells O -released O -up O -to O -90 O -% O -of O -their O -total O -histamine B-Chemical -when O -exposed O -to O -the O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -Mucopolysaccharides O -from O -DC O -tissue O -showed O -metachromasia O -with O -toluidine O -blue O -did O -not O -stain O -with O -HID O -- O -AB O -( O -high O -iron B-Chemical -diamine O -- O -alcian O -blue O -) O -as O -HID O -positive O -in O -specimens O -preserved O -embedded O -in O -paraffin O -blocks O -for O -several O -years O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cross O -- O -reactive O -capsular O -antigen O -of O -R O -. O -trifolii O -403 O -was O -characterized O -as O -a O -high O -- O -molecular O -- O -weight O -( O -greater O -than O -4 O -. O -6 O -times O -10 O -( O -6 O -) O -daltons O -) O -, O -beta O -- O -linked O -, O -acidic O -heteropolysaccharide O -containing O -2 O -- O -deoxyglucose O -, O -galactose B-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -and O -glucuronic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -specific O -techniques O -( O -Leder O -; O -and O -Schaefer O -u O -. O -Fischer O -) O -we O -examined O -the O -presence O -of O -eosinophilic O -leucocytes O -( O -EGr O -) O -in O -sections O -of O -various O -forms O -of O -psoriasis O -, O -some O -under O -treatment O -with O -methotrexate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Cytological O -picture O -of O -urine O -sediment O -in O -gynecologic O -radiotherapy O -, O -endoxan O -and O -bleomycin B-Chemical -therapy O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -dihydrotestosterone O -, O -3 O -beta O -- O -androstanediol O -and O -oestradiol O -- O -17 O -beta O -on O -the O -morphology O -and O -RNA O -synthesis O -in O -human O -benign O -prostatic O -hyperplasia O -( O -BPH O -) O -in O -organ O -culture O -has O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incorporation O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -uridine I-Chemical -into O -RNA O -was O -studied O -by O -autoradiography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incorporation O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -uridine I-Chemical -in O -the O -smooth O -muscle O -cells O -was O -increased O -by O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -decreased O -by O -oestradiol O -- O -17 O -beta O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -that O -although O -the O -growth O -of O -human O -BPH O -in O -organ O -culture O -appears O -to O -be O -androgen B-Chemical -dependent O -, O -it O -still O -remains O -hormone O -sensitive O -and O -can O -be O -influenced O -by O -steroid B-Chemical -hormones O -in O -a O -similar O -manner O -to O -that O -in O -rat O -prostatic O -gland O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -have O -been O -carried O -out O -into O -the O -effect O -usually O -referred O -to O -as O -" O -repair O -to O -potentially O -lethal O -damage O -" O -following O -the O -treatment O -of O -cells O -with O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -of O -a O -complementary O -DNA O -copy O -( O -cDNA O -) O -of O -hen O -ovalbumin O -mRNA O -using O -AMV O -RNA O -- O -directed O -DNA O -polymerase O -was O -studied O -under O -different O -conditions O -of O -salt B-Chemical -, O -deoxyribonucleotide O -concentrations O -, O -temperature O -, O -and O -time O -. O - -aps B-category -Significant O -differences O -in O -delta O -were O -found O -between O -gramicidin O -A O -and O -B O -; O -both O -gramicidins O -differ O -only O -in O -one O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -tryptophan B-Chemical -replaced O -by O -phenylaline O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -was O -made O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -and O -heparin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -precipitable I-Chemical -fractions O -of O -human O -blood O -plasms O -( O -HPF O -) O -on O -the O -capacity O -of O -the O -cells O -of O -mouse O -spleen O -immunized O -with O -sheep O -erythrocytes O -to O -plaque O -- O -formation O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -supposed O -that O -a O -possible O -point O -of O -application O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -and O -HPF O -action O -are O -surface O -cell O -membranes O -of O -the O -antibody O -- O -forming O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Sections O -of O -the O -tissue O -from O -the O -precardial O -parts O -of O -the O -pulmonary O -and O -caval O -dog O -veins O -were O -impregnated O -with O -silver B-Chemical -salts O -after O -Campos O -and O -embedded O -in O -the O -araldite O -by O -a O -special O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -largest O -of O -them O -were O -revealed O -in O -the O -axoplasm O -of O -the O -myelinated O -and O -unmyelinated O -nerve O -conductors O -, O -whereas O -the O -smaller O -ones O -found O -in O -various O -cellular O -and O -fibrous O -formations O -of O -the O -tissue O -substrate O -; O -silver B-Chemical -granules O -were O -as O -a O -rule O -absent O -within O -the O -thickness O -of O -the O -myelin O -sheath O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -extensive O -washing O -the O -proteins O -were O -eluted O -by O -an O -acidic O -glycine B-Chemical -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Can O -azur O -- O -B O -eosin B-Chemical -replace O -the O -May O -- O -Grünwald O -- O -Giemsa O -stain O -? O - -aps B-category -Different O -from O -these O -azure O -B B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -eosin I-Chemical -staining O -can O -be O -standardized O -and O -is O -easier O -to O -be O -handled O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -four O -patients O -received O -bleomycin B-Chemical -while O -36 O -received O -other O -cytotoxic O -drugs O -. O - -aps B-category -Rapid O -retrograde O -transport O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -as O -examined O -by O -the O -stop O -- O -flow O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -localized O -in O -juxtanuclear O -granules O -of O -epiphyseal O -chondrocytes O -with O -a O -dilute O -glyoxal O -bis O -( O -2 O -- O -hydroxyanil O -) O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Fresh O -blocks O -of O -epiphyseal O -cartilage O -stained O -in O -this O -dilute O -GBHA O -solution O -revealed O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -the O -juxtanuclear O -Golgi O -vesicles O -, O -each O -approximately O -1 O -mu O -in O -diameter O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -the O -juxtanuclear O -Golgi O -vesicles O -and O -in O -the O -pericellular O -refractile O -bodies O -may O -indicate O -that O -the O -Golgi O -is O -involved O -in O -the O -transport O -of O -minerals O -to O -the O -matrix O -. O - -aps B-category -111Indium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bleomycin I-Chemical -breast O -and O -axilla O -imaging O -. O - -aps B-category -Enhanced O -incorporation O -of O -thymidine B-Chemical -into O -DNA O -in O -the O -liver O -of O -intact O -and O -partially O -hepatectomized O -rats O -pretreated O -with O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Repeated O -doses O -of O -the O -drug O -caused O -a O -greater O -than O -10 O -- O -fold O -increase O -of O -thymidine B-Chemical -incorporation O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -intact O -animals O -the O -mitotic O -activity O -in O -the O -drug O -- O -treated O -livers O -changed O -slightly O -; O -however O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -administration O -before O -partial O -hepatectomy O -resulted O -in O -a O -dramatic O -increase O -of O -mitotic O -activity O -in O -24 O -- O -hr O -regenerating O -livers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -higher O -incorporation O -of O -radioactivity O -into O -liver O -DNA O -in O -intact O -rats O -pretreated O -with O -the O -drug O -can O -be O -accounted O -for O -, O -at O -least O -partially O -, O -by O -the O -lower O -cellular O -degradation O -of O -the O -injected O -radioactive O -thymidine B-Chemical -used O -for O -labeling O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -electroretinographic O -responses O -and O -the O -ultrastructural O -characteristics O -of O -the O -rod O -outer O -segments O -, O -as O -revealed O -by O -a O -mixture O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -iodine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -osmium I-Chemical -tetroxide O -( O -ZIO O -) O -at O -different O -temperatures O -, O -were O -studied O -and O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -a O -control O -group O -maintained O -in O -a O -cyclic O -rhythm O -of O -light O -and O -darkness O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -exposure O -of O -the O -cells O -to O -5 O -- O -bromo O -- O -2 O -' O -- O -deoxyuridine O -with O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -, O -induced O -synthesis O -of O -a O -syncitium O -- O -forming O -( O -" O -Foamy O -" O -) O -virus O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -previous O -study O -( O -Gillespie O -& O -amp O -; O -Lichtenstein O -, O -1972 O -) O -demonstrated O -that O -there O -was O -potentiation O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -human O -peripheral O -blood O -leucocytes O -following O -exposure O -to O -antigin O -or O -anti O -- O -IgE O -in O -deuterium O -oxide O -( O -D2O O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -studies O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -peripheral O -blood O -leucocytes O -from O -monkeys O -with O -a O -sufficient O -degree O -of O -IgE O -- O -mediated O -reactivity O -to O -Ascaris O -antigen O -- O -released O -histamine B-Chemical -following O -exposure O -to O -that O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -Peripheral O -blood O -leucocytes O -from O -certain O -monkeys O -release O -histamine B-Chemical -following O -exposure O -to O -anti O -- O -human O -IgE O -. O - -aps B-category -D2O O -did O -not O -potentiate O -cutaneous O -reactivity O -to O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -either O -dog O -or O -Rhesus O -monkey O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -occurrence O -of O -e O -antibodies O -in O -sera O -containing O -antibodies O -against O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -anti O -- O -HBs O -) O -is O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -hence O -differing O -from O -HBsAg B-Chemical -in O -all O -respects O -studied O -thus O -far O -. O - -aps B-category -Male O -Wistar O -rat O -( O -donor O -) O -- O -female O -Swiss O -mouse O -( O -host O -) O -was O -found O -to O -be O -the O -suitable O -combination O -that O -could O -be O -employed O -in O -subsequent O -experiments O -to O -study O -the O -potential O -of O -contraceptive O -steroids B-Chemical -to O -alter O -CMIR O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -various O -contraceptive O -hormonal O -therapies O -in O -women O -with O -normal O -and O -diabetic O -oral O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -women O -were O -divided O -into O -groups O -and O -fitted O -with O -a O -Lippes O -loop O -, O -treated O -with O -low O -doses O -of O -chlormadinone O -acetate O -, O -lynestrenol O -, O -and O -megestrol O -acetate O -or O -with O -a O -sequential O -estrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -progestogen I-Chemical -contraceptive O -containing O -either O -ethinyl B-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -or O -mestranol O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -modifications O -disappeared O -3 O -months O -after O -discontinuation O -of O -the O -medication O -which O -can O -be O -interpreted O -as O -a O -direct O -effect O -of O -the O -steroids B-Chemical -on O -carbohydrate O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Method O -for O -the O -determination O -of O -mean O -densitometric O -profiles O -of O -chromosomes O -: O -application O -to O -human O -chromosomes O -stained O -by O -quinacrine O -mustard O -, O -ethidium O -bromide B-Chemical -or O -by O -the O -Feulgen O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -prajmalium O -bitartrate O -and O -procaine B-Chemical -amide O -on O -ventricular O -extrasystoles O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Prajmalium O -bitartrate O -was O -well O -tolerated O -, O -while O -three O -patients O -receiving O -procaine B-Chemical -amide O -complained O -of O -nausea O -and O -gastrointestinal O -symptoms O -, O -so O -that O -treatment O -had O -to O -be O -discontinued O -in O -two O -. O - -aps B-category -Anatomical O -organization O -of O -the O -phasic O -activity O -produced O -by O -reserpine B-Chemical -at O -the O -level O -of O -the O -oculomotor O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -flurazepam B-Chemical -on O -sleep O -spindles O -and O -K O -- O -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -Linear O -contrast B-Chemical -analysis O -indicated O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -increase O -of O -spindle O -rate O -over O -drug O -nights O -. O - -aps B-category -EEG O -( O -occipito O -- O -central O -, O -anterior O -and O -posterior O -temporo O -- O -central O -) O -, O -blood O -concentration O -of O -hormones O -( O -oestradiol O -, O -progesterone B-Chemical -, O -prolactin O -, O -folliculo O -- O -stimulating O -( O -FSH O -) O -and O -luteinizing O -( O -LH O -) O -hormones O -) O -and O -psychometric O -tests O -( O -reaction O -time O -, O -concentration O -, O -simple O -calculations O -, O -visual O -orientation O -and O -simple O -motor O -performance O -tasks O -) O -were O -recorded O -from O -16 O -young O -women O -during O -a O -spontaneous O -menstrual O -cycle O -( O -s O -. O -c O -. O -w O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -time O -course O -of O -this O -acceleration O -fitted O -the O -time O -course O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -increase O -, O -but O -no O -direct O -correlation O -could O -be O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -thyroxine B-Chemical -( O -T4 O -) O -binding O -properties O -of O -rat O -and O -rabbit O -serum O -proteins O -were O -studied O -using O -a O -gel O -equilibration O -technique O -, O -gel O -filtration O -and O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -phenolic O -hydrolysis O -products O -are O -then O -extracted O -from O -this O -solution O -and O -reacted O -with O -pentafluorobenzyl O -bromide B-Chemical -to O -produce O -the O -pentafluorobenzyl O -( O -PFB O -) O -ether B-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -guanidine O -substrate O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -did O -not O -protect O -the O -enzyme O -from O -subsequent O -inhibition O -by O -its O -antibodies O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -shown O -that O -following O -a O -one O -- O -time O -intravenous O -administration O -to O -rats O -of O -ethyron O -, O -epinephrine B-Chemical -and O -pituitrin O -( O -in O -doses O -causing O -hypertension O -) O -the O -amount O -of O -the O -blood O -plasma O -kininogen O -is O -more O -than O -halved O -with O -concurrently O -increasing O -caseinolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -were O -isolated O -biochemically O -and O -found O -to O -be O -phospholipids O -, O -very O -resistant O -to O -extraction O -before O -decalcification O -of O -the O -tissues O -and O -consisting O -predominantly O -of O -phosphatidyl O -serine O -and O -phosphatidyl O -inositol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -using O -a O -radioimmunoassay O -technique O -HBSAg O -was O -present O -3 O -to O -8 O -times O -as O -frequently O -in O -the O -PLC O -patients O -as O -in O -other O -subjects O -without O -viral O -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -cases O -, O -chromosomes O -were O -affected O -in O -proportion O -to O -the O -enzyme O -activity O -of O -the O -treatment O -solution O -rather O -than O -the O -ability O -of O -the O -solution O -to O -bind O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -anaphylactic O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -by O -Forssman O -antiserum O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -Forssman O -antibody O -did O -not O -itself O -cause O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -or O -depletion O -of O -lung O -histamine B-Chemical -stores O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -means O -of O -paper O -chromatographic O -techniques O -with O -purified O -, O -sialic O -acid O -- O -containing O -, O -bacterial O -antigen O -standards O -, O -sialic O -acid O -, O -as O -well O -as O -galactose B-Chemical -and O -glucosamine O -, O -have O -been O -identified O -as O -components O -of O -each O -type O -- O -specific O -antigen O -of O -group O -B O -Streptococcus O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemical O -analysis O -indicated O -that O -two O -of O -the O -cell O -surface O -antigens O -consisted O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -galactose B-Chemical -, O -and O -glucosamine O -, O -whereas O -the O -other O -cell O -surface O -antigen O -, O -an O -acidic O -protein O -, O -contained O -a O -predominance O -of O -aspartic O -acid O -, O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -and O -alanine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Immunochemical O -studies O -suggested O -that O -this O -glycan O -is O -type O -specific O -and O -consists O -of O -an O -immunodominant O -alpha O -- O -linked O -galactosyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -disaccharide O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -respect O -to O -kinin O -generation O -, O -caseinolysis O -, O -and O -alanine B-Chemical -esterase O -activity O -, O -the O -protease O -was O -inhibited O -by O -DFP O -and O -certain O -chloromethyl O -ketone B-Chemical -inhibitors O -, O -as O -well O -as O -the O -plasma O -protease O -inhibitory O -a1 O -- O -antitrypsin O -, O -a2 O -- O -macroglobulin O -and O -antithrombin O -III O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -this O -assay O -was O -done O -with O -a O -crude O -enzyme O -preparation O -which O -contains O -an O -aminopeptidase O -capable O -of O -converting O -lysyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bradykinin I-Chemical -or O -methionyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lysyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bradykinin I-Chemical -to O -bradykinin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -the O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -incorporation O -test O -, O -the O -lymphocyte O -- O -stimulating O -activity O -of O -streptokinase O -- O -streptodornase O -( O -SK O -- O -SD O -, O -Varidase O -) O -and O -its O -fractions O -were O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -dengue O -virus O -- O -specific O -double O -- O -stranded O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -infected O -primate O -cell O -extracts O -by O -microquantitative O -complement O -- O -fixation O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -Dependence O -of O -eosinophilia O -, O -apparently O -induced O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -on O -acidity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lymph O -node O -response O -was O -not O -inhibited O -by O -the O -antihistamine O -, O -mepyramine O -maleate B-Chemical -, O -but O -was O -inhibited O -by O -puromycin O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -could O -bring O -the O -pH O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -to O -neutrality O -or O -higher O -, O -but O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -serum I-Chemical -mixture O -retained O -in O -vivo O -activity O -, O -unless O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -buffered O -before O -addition O -to O -the O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirteen O -different O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -induced O -lymph O -node O -eosinophilia O -and O -each O -was O -acid O -in O -saline O -solution O -; O -when O -one O -of O -them O -, O -trytophane O -, O -was O -brought O -to O -neutral O -pH O -, O -its O -activity O -was O -considerably O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -in O -the O -acidic O -state O -, O -generates O -autoantigens O -, O -which O -, O -in O -turn O -, O -lead B-Chemical -to O -antibody O -- O -mediated O -eosinophilia O -in O -lymph O -nodes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stainability O -of O -B O -- O -cells O -in O -islets O -of O -Langerhans O -by O -means O -of O -colloidal O -iron B-Chemical -reaction O -has O -been O -examined O -using O -two O -standard O -modifications O -( O -Graumann O -resp O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -demonstration O -of O -B O -- O -cells O -using O -a O -performic O -acid O -- O -colloidal O -iron B-Chemical -reaction O -has O -been O -compared O -with O -methods O -of O -known O -selectivity O -( O -Aldehyde O -Fuchsin O -, O -Dichlorpseudoisocyanine O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -greatest O -variability O -in O -total O -extinction O -measurements O -was O -observed O -in O -acetylated O -, O -methylene O -blue O -- O -stained O -nuclei O -, O -while O -the O -least O -variability O -was O -observed O -in O -nuclei O -stained O -with O -methyl O -green O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -2 O -M O -magnesium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -methods O -have O -been O -employed O -to O -localize O -monoamine O -oxidase O -activity O -in O -the O -cells O -of O -rat O -liver O -, O -using O -either O -2 O -- O -( O -2 O -' O -- O -benzothiazolyl O -) O -- O -5 O -- O -stryl O -- O -3 O -- O -( O -4 O -' O -- O -phtalhydrazidyl O -) O -tetrazolium O -chloride B-Chemical -( O -BSPT O -) O -or O -ferricyanide O -as O -electron O -acceptor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fluorescence O -enhancement O -, O -observed O -when O -cells O -stained O -in O -pararosaniline O -without O -K2S2O5 O -are O -post O -- O -treated O -with O -K2S2O5 O -, O -suggests O -that O -there O -is O -an O -initial O -Schiff O -- O -base O -linkage O -between O -pararosaniline O -and O -an O -aldehyde B-Chemical -of O -hydrolyzed O -DNA O -, O -and O -that O -this O -linkage O -is O -stabilized O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -K2S2O5 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -histochemical O -demonstration O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -with O -8 O -- O -hydroxyquinoline O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -to O -give O -intense O -, O -highly O -selective O -staining O -of O -various O -pathologic O -and O -natural O -calcifications O -, O -and O -compared O -favourably O -with O -conventional O -procedures O -for O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -sequential O -removal O -of O -sialic O -acid O -, O -galactose B-Chemical -, O -and O -N O -- O -acetylglucosamine O -with O -the O -appropriate O -cellulose O -- O -immobilized O -exoglycosidases O -, O -the O -antibody O -populations O -were O -recharacterized O -, O -radiolabeled O -, O -and O -introduced O -intravenously O -into O -the O -original O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Synthesis O -, O -pyrophosphate O -exchange O -, O -and O -pyrophosphorolysis O -were O -inhibited O -by O -the O -chelating O -agent O -1 O -, O -10 O -- O -phenanthroline O -, O -suggesting O -that O -enzyme O -- O -bound O -zinc B-Chemical -is O -required O -for O -each O -of O -these O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -Hematologic O -indices O -and O -routine O -chemistries O -did O -not O -change O -significantly O -in O -these O -dogs O -during O -the O -procedure O -except O -for O -a O -decrease O -in O -mean O -serum O -albumin O -concentration O -and O -an O -increase O -in O -mean O -serum O -glucose B-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Leukocyte O -histamine B-Chemical -( O -H O -) O -release O -due O -to O -anti O -- O -IgE O -was O -similar O -with O -peripheral O -blood O -leukocytes O -and O -bronchial O -lumen O -mast O -cells O -( O -MC O -) O -from O -RR O -and O -NR O -animals O -. O - -aps B-category -Experience O -with O -the O -sodium B-Chemical -sulphate O -- O -Alcian O -Blue O -stain O -for O -amyloid O -in O -cardiac O -pathology O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Grade O -of O -histological O -differentiation O -, O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -and O -alphafetoprotein O -production O -in O -human O -hepatocellular O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -were O -carried O -out O -to O -study O -a O -possible O -role O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -( O -PGs O -) O -in O -the O -pathogenesis O -of O -human O -bronchial O -asthma O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amount O -of O -spontaneously O -released O -PGF O -had O -no O -correlation O -with O -the O -amount O -of O -maximal O -antigenic O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Ragweed O -antigen O -E O -polymerized O -by O -treatment O -with O -glutaraldehyde O -offers O -a O -potentially O -improved O -method O -for O -immunotherapy O -of O -human O -IgE O -- O -mediated O -pollinosis O -because O -studies O -have O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -polymer O -retains O -antigenic O -reactivity O -but O -has O -decreased O -ability O -to O -release O -histamine B-Chemical -when O -these O -functions O -are O -compared O -on O -a O -weight O -basis O -. O - -aps B-category -( O -CBA O -/ O -N O -X O -DBA O -/ O -2 O -) O -F1 O -male O -spleen O -cells O -failed O -to O -generate O -significant O -in O -vitro O -anti O -- O -TNP O -antibody O -responses O -to O -DNP O -- O -or O -TNP O -- O -AECM O -- O -Ficoll O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -spleen O -cells O -from O -F1 O -female O -( O -X O -- O -/ O -X O -+ O -) O -mice O -which O -responded O -normally O -to O -these O -T O -- O -independent O -antigens O -. O - -aps B-category -Cultured O -cell O -line O -B O -lymphoblasts O -stimulate O -as O -much O -thymidine B-Chemical -incorporation O -by O -lymphocytes O -from O -donors O -with O -or O -without O -immunity O -to O -the O -EB O -virus O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -presence O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -, O -a O -selective O -and O -marked O -enhancement O -of O -the O -in O -vitro O -, O -immunologic O -release O -of O -slow O -reacting O -substance O -of O -anaphylaxis O -( O -SRS O -- O -A O -) O -from O -human O -peripheral O -leukocytes O -, O -sensitized O -monkey O -lung O -fragments O -, O -and O -sensitized O -guinea O -pig O -lung O -fragments O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Pretreatment O -of O -rats O -with O -cysteine B-Chemical -also O -enhanced O -the O -IgGa O -- O -and O -anti O -- O -rat O -IgE O -- O -mediated O -release O -of O -SRS O -- O -A O -in O -vivo O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Purified O -gamma O -- O -RSCP O -formed O -one O -band O -when O -analyzed O -by O -polyacrylamide O -electrophoresis O -in O -acid O -gels O -containing O -8 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -compositions O -of O -gamma O -- O -RSCP O -prepared O -from O -RB O -or O -RSC O -were O -similar O -except O -that O -gamma O -- O -RSCP O -from O -RSC O -contained O -twice O -as O -much O -half O -- O -cystine O -and O -a O -slightly O -higher O -proportion O -of O -basic O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -than O -gamma O -- O -RSCP O -from O -RB O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -precipitation O -of O -specificities O -9 O -and O -11 O -from O -a O -BDF1 O -antigen O -preparation O -showed O -that O -these O -two O -Ia O -specificities O -were O -on O -separate O -molecules O -. O - -aps B-category -Membrane O -antigens O -including O -different O -classes O -of O -immunoglobulins O -, O -transplantation O -antigens O -, O -beta2 O -- O -microglobulin O -, O -T O -lymphocyte O -specific O -antigens O -, O -and O -virally O -determined O -surface O -components O -were O -investigated O -using O -fluorescein B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labeled I-Chemical -Staphylococcal O -protein O -A O -in O -combination O -with O -cytofluorometric O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -both O -adsorbents O -, O -hog O -gastric O -mucin O -A O -+ O -H O -blood O -substance O -( O -HGM O -) O -, O -purified O -by O -phenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ethanol I-Chemical -precipitation O -, O -yielded O -fractions O -showing O -only O -A O -, O -only O -H O -, O -or O -AH O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -preimmunization O -with O -H O -- O -2 O -incompatibility O -produced O -an O -amplified O -lytic O -anti O -- O -H O -- O -2 O -response O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -mitogens O -( O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -[ O -LPS O -] O -, O -phytohemagglutinin O -[ O -PHA O -] O -, O -and O -concanavalin O -A O -[ O -Con O -A O -] O -) O -, O -when O -injected O -simultaneously O -with O -antigen O -, O -have O -been O -shown O -to O -modulate O -the O -normal O -splenic O -plaque O -- O -forming O -cell O -( O -PFC O -) O -response O -in O -rabbits O -to O -a O -single O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -AHuIgG O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -3H O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -fucose O -were O -internally O -incorporated O -into O -guinea O -pig O -lymph O -node O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -marked O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -capacity O -of O -TDL O -to O -exert O -a O -specific O -mixed O -lymphocyte O -reaction O -( O -MLR O -) O -against O -the O -injected O -determinants O -was O -reduced O -by O -no O -more O -than O -two O -to O -fourfold O -; O -this O -applied O -whether O -MLR O -were O -measured O -in O -vivo O -or O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Biopsies O -from O -normal O -and O -malignant O -human O -oral O -epithelium O -were O -studied O -electron O -histochemically O -using O -lanthanum B-Chemical -nitrate I-Chemical -for O -a O -selective O -demonstration O -of O -junctional O -complexes O -at O -the O -plasma O -membrane O -of O -adjacent O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -is O -described O -, O -combining O -immunohistochemistry O -and O -histological O -staining O -methods O -in O -the O -same O -section O -, O -for O -the O -identification O -of O -ACTH B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -STH O -- O -producing O -cells O -in O -formalin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fixed I-Chemical -, O -routine O -processed O -human O -pituitary O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -activity O -of O -soft O -hemp O -and O -flax O -dusts O -. O - -aps B-category -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -autoradiography O -of O -the O -CSF O -cells O -in O -cases O -of O -non O -- O -neoplastic O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Immediately O -after O -withdrawl O -by O -lumbar O -or O -ventricular O -puncture O -, O -the O -CSF O -was O -incubated O -in O -a O -sedimentation O -chamber O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -for O -1 O -hr O -with O -an O -admixture O -of O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -at O -a O -concentration O -of O -1 O -- O -2 O -muCi O -/ O -ml O -CSF O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -there O -was O -a O -statistically O -significant O -correlation O -, O -( O -alpha O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to0 O -. O -015 O -) O -between O -the O -occurrence O -of O -pathological O -EEGs O -and O -the O -plasma O -creatinine B-Chemical -and O -BUN O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -80 O -strictly O -selected O -patients O -with O -chronic O -renal O -insufficiency O -with O -plasma O -creatinine B-Chemical -values O -of O -1 O -. O -4 O -- O -14 O -. O -5 O -mg O -% O -were O -examined O -for O -clinical O -and O -electrophysiological O -signs O -of O -nephrogenic O -polyneuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Iron B-Chemical -stain O -in O -decalcified O -marrow O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pulmonary O -presentation O -was O -separable O -into O -two O -categories O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -an O -early O -or O -minimal O -from O -with O -dyspnea O -on O -exertion O -, O -minimal O -roentgenographic O -findings O -, O -and O -normal O -arterial O -partial O -pressure O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -at O -rest O -and O -( O -2 O -) O -a O -severe O -form O -, O -with O -prominent O -roentgenographic O -findings O -and O -hypoxemia O -at O -rest O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fatality O -rate O -of O -5 O -% O -with O -high O -- O -dose O -bleomycin B-Chemical -therapy O -is O -acceptable O -in O -view O -of O -the O -75 O -% O -response O -rate O -and O -substantially O -improved O -survival O -achieved O -with O -bleomycin B-Chemical -combination O -chemotherapy O -in O -metastatic O -testicular O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Fatal O -pulmonary O -reaction O -from O -low O -doses O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -bleomycin B-Chemical -pulmonary O -toxicity O -is O -generally O -thought O -to O -be O -dose O -- O -related O -and O -occurs O -infrequently O -with O -a O -total O -cummulative O -dose O -less O -than O -300 O -to O -400 O -units O -, O -the O -two O -reactions O -reported O -here O -occurred O -with O -doses O -of O -105 O -and O -165 O -units O -. O - -aps B-category -Patients O -receiving O -bleomycin B-Chemical -should O -be O -meticulously O -monitored O -by O -interrogation O -for O -cough O -, O -dyspnea O -, O -and O -chest O -pain O -; O -by O -auscultation O -for O -rales O -; O -by O -serial O -chest O -roentgenograms O -; O -and O -by O -determinations O -of O -vital O -capacity O -and O -single O -- O -breath O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -diffusing O -capacity O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Therapeutic O -value O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -novocaine I-Chemical -block O -of O -the O -solar O -plexus O -in O -neglected O -cases O -of O -stomach O -cancer O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -in O -endocrine O -cells O -producing O -polypeptide O -hormones O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -part O -of O -the O -APUD O -- O -cell O -family O -primarily O -accumulates O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -within O -their O -cytoplasm O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -probable O -that O -in O -several O -APUD O -- O -cells O -the O -accumulation O -of O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -only O -constitutes O -a O -phenomenon O -without O -any O -physiological O -relevance O -which O -, O -notwithstanding O -, O -could O -explain O -pathological O -reactions O -of O -APUD O -- O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -luminal B-Chemical -location O -has O -been O -described O -for O -these O -cells O -in O -the O -bronchial O -epithelium O -of O -human O -fetuses O -and O -neonates O -and O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -luminal B-Chemical -small O -granule O -cells O -may O -be O -a O -rare O -, O -although O -normal O -component O -of O -the O -adult O -human O -bronchial O -epithelium O -. O - -aps B-category -Regimen O -1 O -was O -CCNU B-Chemical -followed O -by O -bleomycin B-Chemical -, O -and O -Regimen O -2 O -was O -a O -combination O -of O -CCNU B-Chemical -, O -bleomycin B-Chemical -, O -methotrexate B-Chemical -, O -and O -vinblastine O -. O - -aps B-category -Hg O -, O -arterial O -saturation O -of O -84 O -per O -cent O -, O -and O -excellent O -flow O -of O -contrast B-Chemical -from O -superior O -vena O -cava O -to O -atrium O -to O -pulmonary O -artery O -. O - -aps B-category -concentrations O -, O -and O -a O -large O -fall O -in O -plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -insulin O -effect O -was O -noticeable O -within O -30 O -minutes O -, O -with O -pronounced O -falls O -in O -the O -concentrations O -of O -plasma O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -pancreatic O -glucagon O -, O -F O -. O -F O -. O -A O -. O -, O -and O -blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ketone I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bodies I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -attacks O -in O -hyperkalaemic O -familial O -periodic O -paralysis O -by O -inhalation O -of O -salbutamol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -- O -vitro O -studies O -with O -rat O -soleus O -muscles O -indicated O -that O -the O -hypokalaemic O -effect O -of O -salbutamol B-Chemical -is O -related O -to O -stimulation O -of O -the O -active O -coupled O -transport O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -in O -muscle O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -sera O -from O -ten O -girls O -with O -acute O -pyelonephritis O -, O -antibodies O -of O -the O -IgG O -- O -class O -to O -Tamm O -- O -Horsfall O -protein O -were O -found O -in O -significantly O -increased O -titres O -; O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -titres O -in O -sera O -from O -six O -girls O -with O -acute O -cystitis O -did O -not O -differ O -from O -those O -of O -healthy O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -hyperprolactinaemic O -ovulatory O -cycles O -excretion O -of O -pregnanediol O -in O -urine O -was O -less O -and O -plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -progesterone I-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -lower O -than O -in O -normo O -- O -prolactinaemic O -cycles O -. O - -aps B-category -Experience O -with O -technetium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -compounds O -for O -skeletal O -scintigraphy O -in O -patients O -with O -breast O -cancer O -was O -analysed O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Potassium B-Chemical -stricture O -of O -the O -upper O -alimentary O -tract O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Bioavailability O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Pyridoxine O -and O -serum O -concentration O -of O -phenytoin B-Chemical -and O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Gentamicin B-Chemical -resistance O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -for O -identifying O -particles O -of O -crystalline O -calcium B-Chemical -hydroxyapatite O -in O -synovial O -fluids O -and O -biopsy O -material O -has O -been O -developed O -with O -high O -- O -resolution O -scanning O -electron O -microscopy O -and O -an O -energy O -- O -dispersive O -micro O -- O -analytical O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -with O -poor O -left O -ventricular O -function O -, O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triphosphatase I-Chemical -( O -A O -. O -T O -. O -P O -. O -ase O -) O -activity O -, O -predominantly O -localised O -to O -the O -myofibrils O -, O -was O -strikingly O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -enzymes O -associated O -with O -sarcolemma O -( O -5 O -' O -- O -nucleotidase O -) O -, O -mitochondria O -( O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -monoamine O -oxidase O -) O -, O -microsomes O -( O -neutral O -alpha O -- O -glucosidase O -) O -, O -and O -lysosomes O -( O -acid O -phosphatase O -, O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -beta O -- O -glucosaminidase O -) O -was O -no O -different O -in O -patients O -with O -good O -or O -poor O -left O -ventricular O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -studies O -did O -not O -find O -evidence O -of O -fetal O -damage O -when O -phenobarbitone B-Chemical -was O -taken O -for O -indications O -other O -than O -epilepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -patients O -, O -one O -30 O -years O -old O -with O -a O -75 O -% O -burn O -, O -the O -second O -72 O -years O -old O -with O -a O -35 O -% O -burn O -, O -were O -treated O -topically O -with O -povidone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iodine I-Chemical -( O -" O -Betadine O -" O -, O -pH O -2 O -. O -43 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Acidosis O -in O -the O -second O -patient O -was O -not O -as O -severe O -, O -and O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iodine I-Chemical -concentration O -reached O -17600 O -mug O -/ O -dl O -. O - -aps B-category -Haemodialysis O -was O -very O -effective O -in O -reducing O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iodine I-Chemical -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Editorial O -: O -Rifampicin B-Chemical -: O -for O -tuberculosis O -only O -? O - -aps B-category -Fluctuations O -in O -performance O -in O -patients O -with O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -on O -chronic O -levodopa B-Chemical -therapy O -( O -the O -" O -on O -- O -off O -" O -effect O -) O -are O -due O -to O -several O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -Barium B-Chemical -swallow O -correctly O -diagnosed O -cancer O -in O -19 O -out O -of O -20 O -patients O -, O -the O -remaining O -patient O -was O -diagnosed O -by O -both O -histology O -and O -cytology O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -barium B-Chemical -swallow O -is O -still O -the O -ideal O -screening O -procedure O -for O -patients O -with O -oesophageal O -symptoms O -, O -but O -per O -- O -endoscopic O -brush O -cytology O -seems O -to O -be O -the O -method O -of O -choice O -for O -confirmation O -of O -the O -diagnosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Metronidazole B-Chemical -and O -iron B-Chemical -in O -cancer O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Lymphocytopenia O -in O -patients O -treated O -with O -phenytoin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Congenital O -abnormalities O -and O -first O -- O -trimester O -exposure O -to O -progestagen B-Chemical -/ O -oestrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hazards O -associated O -with O -injecting O -these O -living O -organisms O -into O -the O -pleural O -space O -have O -been O -reduced O -by O -preclinical O -laboratory O -testing O -in O -animals O -, O -use O -of O -a O -single O -limited O -dose O -of O -microorganisms O -, O -administration O -of O -isoniazid B-Chemical -, O -and O -careful O -patient O -monitoring O -. O - -aps B-category -Cigarette O -smoking B-Chemical -in O -pregnancy O -: O -Associations O -with O -maternal O -weight O -gain O -and O -fetal O -growth O -. O - -aps B-category -Co O -- O -variance O -analysis O -showed O -that O -a O -large O -part O -of O -the O -effect O -of O -maternal O -smoking B-Chemical -is O -mediated O -through O -maternal O -weight O -gain O -with O -only O -a O -very O -small O -additional O -direct O -effect O -on O -the O -fetus O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -randomised O -controlled O -trial O -of O -diet O -supplementation O -of O -smoking B-Chemical -mothers O -would O -seem O -justified O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -corneal O -copper B-Chemical -content O -was O -measured O -by O -X O -- O -ray O -excitation O -spectrometry O -in O -two O -controls O -and O -in O -seven O -patients O -with O -Wilson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -one O -case O -the O -corneal O -copper B-Chemical -content O -declined O -45 O -% O -, O -after O -a O -course O -of O -dimercaprol O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -controlled O -study O -involving O -thirty O -- O -four O -patients O -levamisole O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -as O -effective O -as O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -and O -more O -effective O -than O -placebo O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -alternative O -theory O -of O -herpes O -- O -simplex O -recurrence O -and O -a O -possible O -role O -for O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -evidence O -that O -catecholamines B-Chemical -and O -indolamines O -directly O -affect O -prolactin O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Intravenous O -prednisolone B-Chemical -in O -asthma O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Activities O -of O -tobramycin B-Chemical -and O -amikacin B-Chemical -against O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -gram O -- O -negative O -bacilli O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Severe O -renal O -dysfunction O -after O -tobramycin B-Chemical -/ O -cephalothin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -and O -haemolytic O -anaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Acrodermatitis O -enteropathica O -, O -zinc B-Chemical -, O -and O -ultrastructural O -lesions O -in O -Paneth O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Flucloxacillin O -and O -bilirubin B-Chemical -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -Pharmacological O -agents O -such O -as O -diazoxide O -, O -which O -inhibit O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -insulin O -release O -, O -may O -have O -a O -place O -in O -preserving O -and O -restoring O -insulin O -secretion O -in O -diabetes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -- O -vitro O -activity O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -, O -judged O -by O -M O -. O -I O -. O -C O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fetal O -brain O -accumulates O -long O -- O -chain O -( O -C20 O -and O -22 O -) O -polyunsaturated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arachidonic I-Chemical -and O -docosahexaenoic O -- O -- O -during O -cell O -division O -. O - -aps B-category -Epidemic O -infection O -by O -a O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -in O -three O -hospitals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -use O -of O -gentamicin B-Chemical -, O -tobramycin B-Chemical -, O -and O -lincomycin O -in O -these O -hospitals O -has O -increased O -as O -has O -the O -occurrence O -of O -bacterial O -resistance O -to O -these O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -and O -benign O -liver O -tumour O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -in O -acromegaly O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Detection O -of O -e O -antigen O -by O -immunofluorescence O -in O -cytoplasm O -of O -hepatocytes O -of O -HBsAg B-Chemical -carriers O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Prostaglandins O -and O -aspirin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -asthma O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Salbutamol B-Chemical -aerosol O -in O -premature O -labour O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Potassium B-Chemical -strictures O -of O -the O -upper O -alimentary O -tract O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxprenolol B-Chemical -or O -methyldopa B-Chemical -were O -administered O -in O -double O -- O -blind O -fashion O -to O -29 O -patients O -shown O -to O -be O -persistently O -hypertensive O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -those O -whose O -response O -was O -inadequate O -, O -oxprenolol B-Chemical -was O -increased O -to O -960 O -mg O -or O -methyldopa B-Chemical -to O -3 O -g O -a O -day O -. O - -aps B-category -Oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -, O -antithrombin O -- O -III O -activity O -, O -and O -postoperative O -deep O -- O -vein O -thrombosis O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -no O -D O -. O -V O -. O -T O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -- O -antithrombin O -- O -III O -activity O -was O -significantly O -lower O -preoperatively O -in O -patients O -taking O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -; O -postoperative O -D O -. O -V O -. O -T O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intra O -- O -operative O -fall O -in O -antithrombin O -- O -III O -activity O -was O -prevented O -by O -a O -small O -preoperative O -dose O -of O -subcutaneous O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Editorial O -: O -Magnesium B-Chemical -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Paracetamol B-Chemical -and O -the O -heart O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Fatal O -embolism O -despite O -low O -- O -dose O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Apparatus O -for O -rapid O -collection O -of O -blood O -- O -samples O -for O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -determinations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -function O -of O -rat O -kidneys O -subjected O -to O -60 O -minutes O -of O -warm O -ischaemia O -at O -body O -- O -temperature O -was O -notably O -protected O -by O -the O -prior O -administration O -of O -the O -purine B-Chemical -nucleoside B-Chemical -inosine O -as O -a O -40 O -mg O -/ O -ml O -solution O -maintained O -at O -37 O -degrees O -C O -. O -With O -direct O -intrarenal O -arterial O -perfusion O -of O -the O -kidney O -at O -the O -onset O -of O -ischaemia O -or O -with O -intraperitoneal O -( O -i O -. O -p O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -adenosine B-Chemical -was O -better O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -- O -05 O -) O -than O -no O -treatment O -, O -i O -. O -p O -. O - -aps B-category -Allopurinol B-Chemical -, O -phenoxybenzamine O -, O -A O -. O -T O -. O -P O -. O -, O -or O -cyclic O -A O -. O -M O -. O -P O -. O - -aps B-category -Deterioration O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -in O -hypertensive O -patients O -on O -prolonged O -diuretic B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -was O -unchanged O -after O -1 O -year O -but O -had O -deteriorated O -significantly O -after O -6 O -years O -' O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -peripheral O -action O -on O -glucose B-Chemical -metabolism O -may O -play O -an O -improtant O -part O -in O -the O -weight O -loss O -associated O -with O -treatment O -with O -some O -antiobesity O -drugs O -such O -as O -fenfluramine B-Chemical -and O -mazindol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Gentamicin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -and O -Serratia O -marcescens O -in O -a O -general O -hospital O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -gentamicin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -S O -. O -marcescens O -and O -79 O -% O -of O -Ps O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -improvement O -was O -noted O -in O -13 O -of O -17 O -patients O -treated O -with O -amikacin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -for O -common O -colds O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Fluorouracil I-Chemical -versus O -immunotherapy O -for O -non O -- O -clinical O -vaginal O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Hazards O -of O -parenteral O -glucose B-Chemical -in O -neonatal O -lactic O -acidaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Clonidine B-Chemical -withdrawal O -and O -blockade O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -24 O -patients O -with O -newly O -diagnosed O -thyrotoxicosis O -, O -13 O -were O -randomly O -selected O -for O -treatment O -with O -methimazole B-Chemical -40 O -mg O -per O -day O -, O -and O -11 O -for O -treatment O -with O -lithium B-Chemical -carbonate I-Chemical -in O -such O -doses O -that O -the O -serum O -lithium B-Chemical -lay O -between O -0 O -- O -5 O -and O -1 O -- O -3 O -meq O -. O - -aps B-category -8 O -of O -the O -11 O -patients O -subjected O -to O -lithium B-Chemical -treatment O -had O -side O -- O -effects O -, O -so O -that O -the O -general O -condition O -, O -which O -was O -already O -affected O -by O -the O -hyperthyroidism O -, O -was O -worsened O -. O - -aps B-category -Breast O -- O -cancer O -osteolysis O -, O -bone O -metastases O -, O -and O -anti O -- O -osteolytic O -effect O -of O -aspirin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -8 O -of O -the O -9 O -osteolytically O -active O -tumours O -was O -significantly O -, O -though O -not O -completely O -inhibited O -by O -aspirin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hypothalamic O -/ O -pituitary O -/ O -adrenal O -function O -in O -patients O -treated O -with O -intermittent O -high O -- O -dose O -prednisolone B-Chemical -and O -cytotoxic O -chemotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Standard O -insulin O -hypoglycaemia O -tests O -performed O -36 O -hours O -after O -the O -last O -dose O -of O -prednisolone B-Chemical -often O -demonstrated O -impairment O -of O -corticotrophin O -( O -adrenocorticotrophic O -hormone O -, O -A O -. O -C O -. O -T O -. O -H O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -as O -an O -adjunct O -to O -radioiodine O -therapy O -for O -thyrotoxicosis O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparable O -control O -group O -of O -16 O -patients O -were O -treated O -with O -5 O -mCi O -of O -131I O -without O -lithium B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -24 O -- O -168 O -hour O -% O -thyroidal O -131I O -uptake O -drop O -was O -significantly O -less O -in O -the O -lithium B-Chemical -group O -. O - -aps B-category -Lithium B-Chemical -promises O -to O -be O -a O -useful O -adjunct O -to O -131I O -therapy O -in O -patients O -with O -a O -rapid O -thyroidal O -iodine B-Chemical -turnover O -and O -particularly O -in O -young O -patients O -where O -the O -total O -body O -- O -radiation O -dose O -must O -be O -kept O -to O -a O -minimum O -. O - -aps B-category -and O -synthetic O -human O -calcitonin B-Chemical -in O -low O -doses O -. O - -aps B-category -Bone O -biopsy O -showed O -decrease O -or O -even O -disappearance O -of O -abnormal O -osteoblasts O -and O -osteoclasts O -from O -pagetic O -lesions O -, O -and O -the O -addition O -of O -calcitonin B-Chemical -to O -E O -. O -H O -. O -D O -. O -P O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Blood O -- O -sampling O -for O -lactate B-Chemical -and O -pyruvate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Magnesium B-Chemical -in O -heart O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Fatal O -aplastic O -anaemia O -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Cimetidine B-Chemical -, O -metiamide O -and O -gastric O -ulcer O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -59 O -digitalized O -and O -3 O -non O -digitalized O -patients O -the O -effect O -of O -digitalis B-Chemical -during O -the O -1st O -to O -4th O -days O -after O -transmural O -myocardial O -infarction O -was O -controlled O -. O - -aps B-category -with O -ventricular O -or O -supraventricular O -extrasystoles O -daily O -doses O -of O -0 O -, O -4 O -mg O -beta O -- O -Methyldigoxin O -or O -0 O -, O -4 O -mg O -Digoxin B-Chemical -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -patients O -on O -digitalis B-Chemical -and O -in O -cardiogenic O -shock O -, O -digitalization O -should O -be O -performed O -carefully O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -size O -of O -the O -DNA O -- O -product O -( O -about O -7 O -- O -8S O -in O -alkaline O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -) O -did O -not O -depend O -on O -the O -size O -of O -the O -template O -neither O -on O -the O -presence O -of O -oligo O -( O -dT O -) O -10 O -primer O -. O - -aps B-category -Rhodopsin O -, O -extracted O -using O -cetyltrimethylammonium O -bromide B-Chemical -from O -pure O -washed O -ROS O -, O -induced O -prominent O -chorio O -- O -retinal O -damage O -at O -the O -dose O -of O -500 O -mug O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -compared O -with O -other O -immunosuppressive O -agents O -used O -, O -such O -as O -azathioprine B-Chemical -and O -ALGG O -, O -chlorambucil B-Chemical -was O -the O -least O -toxic O -, O -the O -best O -tolerated O -and O -the O -most O -effective O -one O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -effect O -of O -contrast B-Chemical -media I-Chemical -containing O -iodine B-Chemical -on O -selected O -in O -vitro O -thyroid O -test O -procedures O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -T4 O -determination O -by O -column O -chromatography O -proved O -to O -be O -very O -liable O -to O -distortion O -for O -contrast B-Chemical -media I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -T4 O -determination O -by O -means O -of O -protein O -binding O -analysis O -is O -not O -affected O -by O -contrast B-Chemical -media I-Chemical -in O -the O -direction O -of O -false O -raised O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -distribution O -of O -chromosome O -breaks O -was O -non O -- O -random O -both O -after O -irradiation O -and O -after O -exposure O -to O -alkylating B-Chemical -agents I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -specimens O -were O -obtained O -from O -each O -arm O -serially O -over O -a O -one O -- O -hour O -interval O -, O -and O -serum O -speciments O -were O -assessed O -for O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -eosinophil O -chemotactic O -factor O -of O -anaphylaxis O -, O -and O -complement O -components O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -initial O -observation O -of O -release O -of O -eosinophil O -chemotactic O -factor O -of O -anaphylaxis O -in O -vivo O -along O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -assigns O -the O -mast O -cell O -a O -central O -role O -in O -cold O -urticaria O -. O - -aps B-category -Search O -for O -RNA O -tumor O -viruses O -in O -transformed O -cells O -using O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -uridine I-Chemical -labeling O -, O -detection O -of O -DNA O -polymerases O -, O -electron O -microscopy O -investigations O -failed O -to O -detect O -presence O -of O -C O -- O -type O -virus O -particles O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -effect O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -on O -brain O -tumor O -cells O -in O -vitro O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -describes O -the O -use O -of O -routine O -vaginal O -iodine B-Chemical -staining O -and O -other O -screening O -procedures O -for O -the O -detection O -of O -vaginal O -adenosis O -in O -3871 O -postpubertal O -female O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -IgM O -quantities O -were O -significantly O -raised O -in O -the O -initial O -stage O -before O -treatment O -and O -in O -all O -periodes O -of O -treatment O -both O -in O -the O -Pinkel O -VII O -group O -and O -in O -an O -earlier O -therapeutic O -group O -with O -methotrexate B-Chemical -two O -weekly O -and O -Vincristin O -pulses O -every O -6 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -administration O -of O -30 O -g O -of O -Streptomycin B-Chemical -, O -cell O -counts O -and O -protein O -concentrations O -of O -the O -cerebro O -- O -spinal O -fluid O -returned O -to O -normal O -values O -. O - -aps B-category -Transcription O -of O -single O -base O -oligonucleotides O -by O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -directed I-Chemical -deoxyribonucleic O -acid O -polymerase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -specific O -granules O -were O -found O -to O -be O -argentaphobic O -when O -ultrathin O -sections O -of O -Araldite O -- O -embedded O -auricular O -appendages O -were O -stained O -according O -to O -the O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thiocarbohydrazide I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -silver I-Chemical -proteinate O -technique O -of O -Thiery O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -5 O -min O -to O -5 O -h O -after O -an O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -one O -of O -the O -haptens O -, O -elipson O -- O -dinitrophenyl O -- O -lysine O -, O -2 O -, O -4 O -- O -dinitrophenol O -( O -DNP O -) O -, O -or O -procaine B-Chemical -, O -mice O -that O -were O -actively O -immunised O -against O -these O -haptens O -held O -more O -of O -the O -hapten O -in O -their O -plasma O -than O -did O -normal O -mice O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -procaine B-Chemical -or O -DNP O -was O -administered O -orally O -or O -intraperitoneally O -to O -sheep O -with O -circulating O -antibody O -to O -the O -hapten O -, O -the O -antibody O -titre O -was O -usually O -reduced O -1 O -h O -after O -dosing O -but O -returned O -to O -the O -pre O -- O -dosing O -titre O -by O -24 O -h O -. O -Experiments O -indicated O -that O -the O -reduction O -in O -antibody O -titre O -was O -due O -to O -in O -vivo O -neutralisation O -of O -antibody O -by O -the O -hapten O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -in O -- O -vitro O -tests O -are O -not O -falsified O -by O -iodine B-Chemical -contamination O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -bilateral O -nephrectomy O -on O -serum O -gastrin O -concentration O -, O -gastric O -histamine B-Chemical -content O -, O -histidine O -decarboxylase O -activity O -, O -and O -acid O -secretion O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibody O -concentrations O -were O -assayed O -by O -an O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulphate O -precipitation O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -normal O -human O -leukocytes O -can O -be O -induced O -by O -anti O -- O -IgE O -or O -protein O -A O -from O -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -. O - -aps B-category -Heat O -treatment O -does O -not O -destroy O -the O -capacity O -of O -IgG O -to O -mediate O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -known O -aplastic O -anemia O -inducing O -agents O -are O -the O -chloro O -- O -hydrocarbon O -rings O -( O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -, O -hexachlorcyclohexane O -, O -chlorpromazine B-Chemical -, O -chlorpropamide B-Chemical -and O -aliphatic O -potassium B-Chemical -perchlorate O -) O -as O -well O -as O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -, O -sulfonamides O -, O -benzol O -, O -gold B-Chemical -, O -certain O -antiepileptic O -drugs O -and O -compounds O -which O -contain O -arsenic O -or O -bismuth O -. O - -aps B-category -Caution O -should O -be O -exercised O -in O -interpreting O -a O -remission O -as O -a O -cure O -, O -since O -in O -one O -of O -our O -cases O -a O -remission O -of O -12 O -1 O -/ O -2 O -years O -was O -followed O -by O -a O -lethal O -relapse O -. O -- O -A O -case O -of O -Waldenström O -' O -s O -disease O -with O -severe O -polyneuropathy O -is O -described O -which O -was O -associated O -with O -severe O -" O -neuritic O -defects O -" O -related O -to O -inclusions O -of O -paramyloid O -material O -in O -the O -nervous O -tissue O -. O -- O -In O -a O -case O -of O -acute O -porphyria O -complicated O -by O -paraplegia O -an O -impressive O -remission O -was O -achieved O -by O -forced O -diuresis O -with O -furosemide B-Chemical -and O -sorbitol O -combined O -with O -intensive O -i O -. O -v O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -results O -of O -others O -, O -this O -study O -showed O -a O -deficiency O -in O -only O -15 O -of O -42 O -cases O -( O -35 O -. O -7 O -% O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -samples O -of O -wood O -taken O -from O -different O -tree O -rings O -for O -lead B-Chemical -by O -atomic O -absorption O -spectrometry O -showed O -that O -there O -was O -little O -correlation O -between O -the O -sample O -site O -or O -ring O -age O -and O -air O -borne O -lead B-Chemical -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -lead B-Chemical -, O -zinc B-Chemical -and O -copper B-Chemical -in O -the O -tree O -bark O -decreased O -with O -increased O -distance O -from O -the O -road O -and O -with O -height O -above O -the O -ground O -. O - -aps B-category -Cocaine B-Chemical -( O -1 O -. O -5 O -milligrams O -per O -kilogram O -) O -was O -applied O -to O -the O -nasal O -mucosa O -of O -human O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -that O -residual O -cocaine B-Chemical -was O -detectable O -on O -the O -nasal O -mucosa O -for O -3 O -hours O -, O -continuous O -absorption O -secondary O -to O -its O -vasoconstrictive O -action O -might O -explain O -its O -persistence O -in O -the O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -young O -girl O -, O -aged O -17 O -years O -, O -there O -occurred O -, O -9 O -months O -after O -starting O -treatment O -with O -isoniazid B-Chemical -and O -rifampicin B-Chemical -, O -clinical O -signs O -of O -rheumatoid O -arthritis O -with O -facial O -erythema O -of O -vespertilio O -type O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -acetylation O -of O -isoniazid B-Chemical -in O -this O -patient O -and O -her O -3 O -sisters O -, O -showed O -that O -they O -were O -all O -of O -the O -slow O -acetylating O -phenotype O -. O - -aps B-category -Antithrombin B-Chemical -III I-Chemical -, O -heparin B-Chemical -cofactor O -and O -antifactor O -Xa O -in O -a O -clinical O -material O -. O - -aps B-category -Hemagglutination O -inhibition O -studies O -for O -the O -evaluation O -of O -blood O -group O -antigens O -in O -ethanol B-Chemical -soluble O -substances O -( O -ESS O -) O -obtained O -from O -human O -, O -baboon O -and O -vervet O -monkey O -red O -blood O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -pretreatment O -with O -prednisolone B-Chemical -and O -donor O -- O -specific O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -Prednisolone B-Chemical -on O -its O -own O -failed O -to O -bring O -about O -prolongation O -of O -survival O -and O -the O -combined O -use O -of O -soluble O -extract O -and O -prednisolone B-Chemical -did O -not O -reveal O -a O -synergistic O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Antithrombin B-Chemical -III I-Chemical -and O -fibrinolysis O -during O -pregnancy O -and O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -therapy O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -light O -microscopy O -two O -staining O -procedures O -were O -found O -to O -be O -of O -particular O -value O -: O -Pearse O -trichrome O -( O -PAS O -+ O -Orange O -G O -) O -and O -Jones O -- O -Chromotrope O -( O -methenamine O -silver B-Chemical -+ O -Chromotrope O -2R O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -on O -the O -fine O -structure O -of O -mouse O -fibroblasts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cytoplasmic O -alterations O -include O -dilatation O -of O -the O -cisternae O -of O -the O -rough O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -as O -well O -as O -an O -increase O -of O -free O -, O -non O -membrane O -attached O -ribosomes O -, O -often O -arranged O -in O -spiral O -- O -and O -rosette O -- O -shaped O -polysomes O -; O -they O -are O -not O -specific O -for O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Atropine B-Chemical -( O -n O -= O -11 O -) O -caused O -a O -significant O -increase O -in O -heart O -rate O -in O -all O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -propafenone B-Chemical -and O -disopyramide O -exert O -either O -a O -depressant O -influence O -on O -sinus O -node O -automaticity O -or O -on O -sino O -- O -atrial O -conduction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -non O -- O -equilibrium O -dialysis O -has O -been O -used O -for O -kinetic O -studies O -of O -ATP O -dependent O -calcium B-Chemical -uptake O -by O -the O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Morphological O -changes O -in O -the O -lung O -following O -bleomycin B-Chemical -therapy O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -an O -attempt O -to O -improve O -the O -assay O -of O -leukocidin O -from O -Staphylococcus O -aureus O -a O -combined O -vital O -fluorochrome O -staining O -procedure O -with O -acridine O -organe O -and O -ethidium O -bromide B-Chemical -was O -developed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -expediency O -of O -using O -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -used O -as O -biopreparation O -sorbents O -. O - -aps B-category -Retardation O -in O -the O -growth O -and O -development O -of O -skeletal O -muscles O -resulted O -into O -unfavourable O -shift O -of O -the O -ratio O -body O -weight O -/ O -surface O -and O -led O -to O -prevalence O -of O -catabolic O -processes O -over O -anabolic O -ones O -( O -increased O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -, O -heart O -and O -respiration O -rate O -in O -experimental O -animals O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Small O -doses O -of O -iodide O -( O -2 O -times O -3 O -. O -2 O -mug O -at O -12 O -h O -interval O -) O -, O -below O -those O -capable O -of O -inducing O -Wolff O -- O -Chaikoff O -effect O -, O -were O -injected O -into O -rats O -kept O -on O -a O -moderately O -low O -iodine B-Chemical -diet O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -sublingual O -gland O -, O -kallikrein O -was O -found O -in O -the O -cytoplasm O -of O -the O -striated O -duct O -cells O -and O -as O -a O -luminal B-Chemical -rim O -in O -the O -main O -ducts O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -submandibular O -gland O -, O -best O -identification O -of O -granular O -tubules O -and O -striated O -ducts O -was O -achieved O -with O -DMAB B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nitrite I-Chemical -staining O -for O -tryptophan B-Chemical -and O -counterstaining O -with O -Mayer O -' O -s O -haemalum O -on O -sections O -of O -tissue O -fixed O -in O -Helly O -' O -s O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sulfated O -radicals O -were O -removed O -by O -methanol O -or O -butanol O -with O -HCl O -, O -H2SO4 O -, O -Na O -or O -NaOH B-Chemical -, O -aqueous O -Ba O -( O -OH O -) O -2 O -at O -60 O -degrees O -C O -, O -or O -by O -acetic O -anhydride O -, O -acetyl O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -benzoyl O -chloride B-Chemical -, O -or O -bromine O -water O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -. O -The O -carbohydrates O -were O -altered O -so O -that O -sulfation O -was O -prevented O -by O -prior O -treatment O -with O -aqueous O -Ba O -( O -OH O -) O -2 O -, O -or O -by O -acetic O -anhydride O -with O -pyridine O -at O -60 O -degrees O -C O -and O -by O -acetyl O -chloride B-Chemical -and O -by O -bromine O -water O -at O -25 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Periodic O -acid O -Schiff O -staining O -was O -prevented O -by O -sulfation O -with O -a O -nitrobenzene O -: O -H2SO4 O -mixture O -but O -not O -by O -an O -acetic O -anhydride O -: O -H2SO4 O -combination O -in O -1 O -h O -suggesting O -an O -additional O -sulfate O -radical O -at O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -sites O -1 O -or O -2 O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -this O -method O -sections O -of O -material O -fixed O -in O -methanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -formaldehyde I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -MFA O -) O -or O -alcoholic O -Bouin O -' O -s O -or O -Susa O -were O -oxidized O -in O -0 O -. O -3 O -% O -permanganate O -with O -0 O -. O -3 O -ml O -concentrated O -H2SO4 O -for O -1 O -to O -2 O -minutes O -, O -decolorized O -in O -1 O -% O -oxalic O -acid O -, O -stained O -in O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -aqueous O -basic O -fuchsin O -containing O -1 O -ml O -concentrated O -HCl O -and O -1 O -ml O -paraldehyde O -for O -10 O -min O -and O -counterstained O -with O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -aqueous O -mercurochrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Autonomic O -nerves O -, O -amine B-Chemical -receptors O -and O -their O -effects O -on O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -. O - -aps B-category -Thyroxine B-Chemical -( O -T4 O -) O -and O -triiodothyronine O -( O -T3 O -) O -resin O -uptakes O -( O -T3R O -) O -were O -increased O -but O -the O -24 O -hour O -radioactive O -iodine B-Chemical -( O -RAI O -) O -uptakes O -were O -less O -than O -1 O -per O -cent O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -these O -patients O -have O -a O -form O -of O -painless O -subacute O -thyroiditis O -which O -presents O -as O -thyrotoxicosis O -but O -is O -differentiated O -from O -it O -by O -a O -low O -RAI O -uptake O -and O -in O -whom O -recovery O -of O -thyroidal O -iodine B-Chemical -trapping O -is O -the O -first O -indicator O -of O -recovery O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -adenocarcinomas O -originating O -in O -the O -gastrointestinal O -tract O -are O -detected O -by O -67Ga O -with O -a O -sensitivity O -of O -only O -about O -40 O -per O -cent O -, O -whereas O -various O -chelates O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -( O -including O -111In O -- O -Bleo O -, O -99mTc O -- O -Bleo O -and O -57Co O -- O -Bleo O -) O -detect O -adenocarcinoma O -of O -the O -gastrointestinal O -tract O -with O -considerably O -higher O -sensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -tumor O -- O -seeking O -radiopharmaceuticasl O -which O -have O -been O -employed O -with O -somewhat O -less O -success O -include O -selenium B-Chemical -compounds O -, O -labeled O -pyrimidines O -, O -several O -inorganic O -cations O -, O -lanthanide O -chelates O -and O -labeled O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Reversible O -inhibition O -of O -rapid O -axonal O -transport O -in O -vivo O -by O -lidocaine B-Chemical -hydrochloride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Lidocaine B-Chemical -, O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -and O -4 O -% O -, O -produced O -a O -concentration O -- O -related O -inhibition O -of O -entry O -of O -3H O -- O -labeled O -rapid O -axonal O -transport O -into O -the O -distal O -portions O -of O -the O -nerve O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -delay O -of O -recovery O -was O -also O -concentration O -- O -related O -, O -and O -with O -4 O -% O -lidocaine B-Chemical -recovery O -still O -seemed O -incomplete O -after O -4 O -. O -5 O -. O -h O -. O -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -inhibition O -of O -rapid O -axonal O -transport O -is O -probably O -a O -usual O -byproduct O -of O -nerve O -block O -with O -local O -anesthetics O -such O -as O -lidocaine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cytidine O -nucleotide B-Chemical -biosynthesis O -and O -the O -level O -of O -cytochrome O -P O -- O -450 O -in O -rat O -liver O -microsomes O -after O -administration O -of O -colchicine O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -and O -chlormethine O -on O -antigenic O -properties O -of O -serum O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Sera O -of O -rabbits O -injected O -with O -chlormethine O -and O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -in O -therapeutic O -doses O -for O -humans O -were O -examined O -for O -antibodies O -reacting O -with O -homologous O -and O -antologous O -gamma O -- O -globulins O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -antibodies O -to O -homologous O -or O -autologous O -serum O -antigens O -of O -rabbits O -treated O -with O -chlormethine O -or O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -were O -found O -. O - -aps B-category -Irritative O -brain O -lesions O -produced O -by O -implanted O -alumina O -cream O -or O -cobalt B-Chemical -powder O -prior O -to O -simultaneous O -IC O -and O -IV O -antigenic O -treatment O -were O -associated O -with O -diminished O -conreal O -reactions O -( O -alumina O -) O -and O -a O -number O -of O -tertiary O -eye O -responses O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -radioimmunoassay O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -glucuronides O -. O - -aps B-category -Antisera O -were O -prepared O -against O -three O -related O -oestrogen B-Chemical -ring O -- O -A O -glucuronides O -, O -oestrone O -3 O -- O -glucuronide O -, O -oestradiol O -3 O -- O -glucuronide O -and O -oestriol O -3 O -- O -glucuronide O -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -alpha O -- O -foetoprotein O -, O -rat O -liver O -17beta O -- O -hydroxy O -steroid B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -anti O -- O -( O -oestradiol O -- O -6 O -- O -carboxymethyloxime O -- O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -) O -antiserum O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -specific O -binding O -procedure O -for O -each O -protein O -model O -permitted O -a O -determination O -of O -its O -affinity O -for O -oestradiol O -and O -for O -30 O -other O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -naturally O -occurring O -proteins O -( O -alpha O -- O -foetoprotein O -and O -17beta O -- O -hydroxy O -steroid B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -) O -recognize O -the O -edge O -of O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -defined O -by O -C O -- O -4 O -, O -C O -- O -6 O -, O -C O -- O -8 O -and O -C O -- O -15 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -seve O -polypeptide O -chains O -investigated O -had O -generalyy O -similar O -properties O -; O -all O -contained O -two O -residues O -per O -molecule O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -and O -N O -- O -acetylserine O -was O -the O -common O -N O -- O -terminal O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -residue O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -groups O -and O -designated O -polypeptides O -chain O -numbers O -were O -: O -group O -one O -, O -polypeptides O -1a O -and O -1b O -, O -which O -had O -moleculae O -weights O -of O -58 O -, O -000 O -, O -contained O -about O -25 O -% O -alpha O -- O -helix O -, O -86 O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -8 O -cysteine B-Chemical -residues O -per O -molecule O -, O -but O -which O -differed O -in O -net O -charge O -, O -extinction O -coefficients O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -contents O -; O -group O -two O -, O -polypeptides O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -and O -4 O -, O -which O -hadmolecular O -weights O -within O -thewithin O -the O -range O -of O -52 O -, O -00 O -- O -56 O -, O -000 O -, O -contained O -about O -48 O -% O -alpha O -- O -helix O -, O -54 O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -6 O -cysteine B-Chemical -residues O -per O -molecule O -, O -but O -which O -differed O -in O -extinction O -coefficients O -and O -tryosine O -contents O -; O -and O -group O -, O -polypeptides O -5 O -and O -6 O -, O -which O -had O -molecular O -weights O -of O -47000 O -- O -48000 O -, O -contained O -about O -56 O -% O -alpha O -- O -helix O -, O -64 O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -4 O -cysteine B-Chemical -residues O -per O -molecule O -, O -but O -which O -differed O -in O -extinction O -coefficients O -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -contents O -. O -. O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -- O -polyacrylamide O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -the O -glycoprotein O -was O -very O -similar O -to O -the O -Thy O -- O -1 O -from O -thymocytes O -that O -binds O -to O -lentil O -lectin O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -change O -occurred O -in O -heparin B-Chemical -anticoagulant O -activity O -when O -it O -was O -administered O -to O -rats O -pretreated O -with O -ditazole O -for O -3 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -co O -- O -administration O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -and O -ditazole O -enhanced O -the O -antiaggregating O -activity O -of O -the O -two O -drugs O -in O -both O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -release O -by O -modified O -gelatin O -( O -Haemaccel O -) O -and O -dextran B-Chemical -( O -Macrodex O -) O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -in O -volunteers O -by O -direct O -and O -indirect O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -highest O -plasma O -histamine B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -4 O -. O -8 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -, O -the O -lowest O -1 O -. O -7 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -: O -two O -of O -the O -subjects O -showed O -slight O -allergic O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -the O -rapid O -infusion O -of O -dextran B-Chemical -the O -highest O -plasma O -histamine B-Chemical -concentration O -was O -5 O -. O -0 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -, O -the O -lowest O -1 O -. O -3 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -incidences O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -produced O -by O -Haemaccel O -varied O -with O -different O -batches O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -of O -the O -patients O -who O -received O -dextran B-Chemical -died O -. O - -aps B-category -Carcinoembryonic O -antigen O -( O -CEA O -) O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -contain O -no O -free O -cysteine B-Chemical -thiol B-Chemical -groups O -but O -6 O -cystine O -disulphide O -bonds O -. O - -aps B-category -Removal O -, O -using O -mercaptoethanol O -, O -of O -the O -thiol B-Chemical -blocking O -groups O -from O -the O -DTNB O -- O -treated O -CEA O -resulted O -in O -a O -55 O -% O -recovery O -of O -antigenic O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Combined O -effects O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -and O -x O -- O -rays O -on O -DNA O -synthesis O -in O -ascites O -tumour O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Modification O -of O -the O -response O -of O -mouse O -skin O -to O -x O -- O -irradiation O -by O -bleomycin B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -urinary O -urea B-Chemical -: O -creatinine B-Chemical -ratio O -was O -significantly O -lower O -in O -the O -village O -children O -compared O -with O -the O -children O -from O -Khon O -Kaen O -, O -indicative O -of O -the O -higher O -dietary O -protein O -intake O -of O -the O -latter O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -terminal O -acid O -was O -blocked O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lipid O -moiety O -contains O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -cholesterol B-Chemical -ester O -, O -triglyceride B-Chemical -, O -and O -phospholipid O -. O - -aps B-category -Sialic O -acid O -, O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -and O -carbohydrate O -, O -susceptible O -to O -periodate O -oxidation O -, O -are O -not O -involved O -in O -the O -Ss O -antigen O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -affinity O -for O -the O -substances O -is O -increased O -by O -blocking O -of O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Electron O -microscopy O -of O -golgi O -- O -stained O -material O -following O -lead B-Chemical -chromate O -substitution O -. O - -aps B-category -Production O -of O -beta O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -hydroxyphenyl O -) O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -beta O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -hydroxyphenyl O -) O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -by O -Candida O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -compounds O -were O -characterized O -as O -beta O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -hydroxyphenyl O -) O -ethanol B-Chemical -( O -HOPEA O -) O -and O -beta O -- O -( O -4 O -- O -hydroxyphenyl O -) O -lactic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -HOPLA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -remissions O -with O -vinblastine O -, O -actinomycin O -D O -, O -and O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Low O -dose O -bleomycin B-Chemical -and O -methotrexate B-Chemical -in O -cervical O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Ninety O -% O -of O -sera O -from O -patients O -with O -squamous O -carcinomas O -had O -antibodies O -to O -HSV O -- O -TAA O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -11 O -% O -of O -sera O -from O -patients O -with O -nonsquamous O -cancers O -and O -4 O -% O -of O -sera O -from O -noraml O -individuals O -. O - -aps B-category -Combination O -chemotherapy O -of O -L1210 O -leukemia O -with O -1 O -- O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -arabinofuranosylcytosine O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -doses O -of O -ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -and O -5 O -- O -azaCR O -in O -combination O -. O - -aps B-category -ara B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -C I-Chemical -was O -shown O -to O -inhibit O -the O -incorporation O -of O -[ O -4 O -- O -14C O -] O -- O -5 O -- O -azaCR O -- O -derived O -radioactivity O -into O -DNA O -of O -L1210 O -cells O -in O -culture O -, O -and O -the O -therapeutic O -effects O -observed O -are O -interpreted O -in O -terms O -of O -these O -latter O -results O -and O -the O -mechanisms O -of O -action O -of O -the O -two O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interactions O -between O -bleomycin B-Chemical -and O -X O -- O -ray O -damage O -and O -repair O -have O -been O -examined O -in O -rat O -and O -human O -tumor O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -DNA O -double O -- O -strand O -breaks O -and O -/ O -or O -disruptions O -of O -DNA O -- O -lipid O -complexes O -also O -occur O -following O -bleomycin B-Chemical -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -small O -amount O -of O -excision O -repair O -is O -demonstrable O -in O -nonirradiated O -cells O -treated O -with O -high O -concentrations O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -consistent O -with O -repair O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -nucleotide B-Chemical -damage O -in O -cellular O -DNA O -by O -a O -" O -cut O -and O -patch O -" O -repair O -mechanism O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -indicate O -that O -bleomycin B-Chemical -and O -X O -- O -ray O -damage O -are O -quite O -similar O -both O -in O -their O -induction O -and O -repair O -, O -but O -that O -lesions O -occur O -and O -are O -repaired O -independently O -. O - -aps B-category -Pulse O -cytophotometric O -analysis O -of O -cell O -cycle O -perturbation O -with O -bleomycin B-Chemical -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Protein O -- O -bound O -iodine B-Chemical -in O -the O -blood O -serum O -in O -children O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Effect O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -on O -the O -synthesis O -of O -hexosamine O -- O -containing O -substances O -in O -cultured O -fibroblasts O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -immunostimulants O -( O -B O -. O -abortus O -, O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -) O -were O -more O -active O -than O -others O -( O -C O -. O -parvum O -, O -Poly O -I O -: O -C O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -study O -of O -protein O -dissociation O -was O -performed O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -after O -reduction O -by O -mercaptoethanol O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -MCh O -was O -administered O -during O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -blockade O -with O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -however O -, O -no O -further O -increase O -in O -RE O -threshold O -occurred O -beyond O -that O -resulting O -from O -propranolol B-Chemical -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -E O -- O -type O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -: O -a O -new O -emergency O -therapy O -for O -certain O -cyanotic O -congenital O -heart O -malformations O -. O - -aps B-category -PGE2 B-Chemical -was O -infused O -prior O -to O -surgery O -, O -and O -in O -three O -patients O -, O -during O -surgery O -until O -a O -satisfactory O -aorto O -- O -pulmonary O -shunt O -was O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -Diuresis O -in O -the O -amphipod O -Gammarus O -duebeni O -induced O -by O -methylmercury O -, O -D O -. O -D O -. O -T O -. O -, O -lindane B-Chemical -and O -fenithrothion O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -comparison O -of O -the O -results O -of O -UA O -and O -PTA O -staining O -under O -various O -conditions O -indicate O -that O -the O -proteins O -in O -the O -core O -region O -and O -in O -the O -RNP O -particles O -connected O -to O -it O -differ O -with O -respect O -to O -their O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -( O -arginine O -and O -lysine O -residues O -) O -. O -- O -- O -The O -staining O -mechanism O -of O -PTA O -and O -UA O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -systems O -involved O -in O -the O -reduction O -of O -the O -narcotic O -antagonists O -, O -naloxone B-Chemical -and O -naltrexone O -, O -were O -studied O -from O -the O -liver O -of O -chicken O -and O -rabbit O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -present O -study O -, O -the O -enzymes O -for O -carrying O -out O -this O -reduction O -were O -found O -to O -require O -NADPH B-Chemical -and O -to O -occur O -in O -the O -soluble O -fraction O -of O -liver O -homogenates O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -example O -, O -the O -rabbit O -enzyme O -was O -more O -sensitive O -to O -inhibition O -by O -morphine B-Chemical -than O -was O -the O -chicken O -enzyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Electrophoresis O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dehydrogenase I-Chemical -revealed O -the O -presence O -only O -of O -two O -quick O -fractions O -, O -mainly O -LDH O -- O -1 O -, O -which O -increased O -after O -effort O -as O -well O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -was O -performed O -on O -baboons O -( O -Papio O -papio O -) O -of O -various O -hemodynamic O -and O -EEG O -effects O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -nitroprussiate O -( O -SNP O -) O -, O -substance O -with O -powerful O -vasodilator O -action O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -dose O -intravenous O -bleomycin B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -advanced O -lymphomas O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -release O -of O -exogenous O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -studied O -by O -superfusing O -brain O -slices O -following O -incubation O -with O -the O -radiolabeled O -amine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -, O -a O -mast O -cell O -histamine B-Chemical -releasing O -agent O -, O -also O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -, O -but O -only O -from O -hypothalamic O -tissue O -slices O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -delayed O -neurotoxic O -effects O -of O -organophosphorus B-Chemical -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -Leptophos O -for O -the O -same O -period O -produced O -slight O -motor O -dysfunction O -and O -a O -small O -but O -significant O -reduction O -in O -the O -level O -of O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -suggest O -the O -possible O -involvement O -of O -striatal O -dopamine B-Chemical -in O -the O -delayed O -neurotoxic O -effects O -of O -certain O -organophosphorus B-Chemical -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Therefore O -an O -intensive O -prenatal O -super O -vision O -was O -carried O -through O -with O -daily O -cardiotocographic O -controls O -and O -checkings O -of O -total O -estrogens B-Chemical -in O -24 O -- O -hours O -- O -urine O -, O -also O -measurements O -of O -Alpha O -- O -Fetoproteins O -, O -human O -placenta O -lactogen O -and O -serumoxytocinase O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibodies O -to O -radiographic O -contrast B-Chemical -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -Antibodies O -were O -characterized O -by O -means O -of O -precipitation O -assays O -and O -radioimmunoassay O -using O -contrast B-Chemical -agents O -labeled O -with O -125I O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -induction O -of O -antibodies O -to O -radiocontrast O -agents O -supports O -the O -allergic O -theory O -of O -contrast B-Chemical -medium I-Chemical -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -mut O -- O -49 O -and O -mutT1 O -induced O -the O -same O -two O -classes O -of O -trpA78 O -revertants O -, O -indicating O -that O -mut O -- O -49 O -induced O -adenine O -- O -thymine O -leads O -to O -cytosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -guanine I-Chemical -transversions O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -fluorescently O -labeled O -polypeptides O -were O -identified O -in O -serum O -prepared O -by O -clotting O -normal O -, O -but O -not O -FSF O -- O -deficient O -, O -plasma O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -the O -fluorescent O -amine B-Chemical -, O -N O -- O -( O -5 O -- O -aminopentyl O -) O -- O -5 O -- O -dimethyl O -- O -aminonaphthalene O -- O -1 O -- O -sulfonamide O -( O -dansylcadaverine O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -second O -had O -a O -Mr O -of O -2 O -. O -0 O -times O -10 O -( O -5 O -) O -, O -was O -found O -in O -the O -protein O -fraction O -insoluble O -in O -33 O -% O -saturated O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -, O -and O -was O -precipitated O -by O -gamma O -- O -globulin O -directed O -against O -cold O -- O -insoluble O -globulin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -depletion O -of O -cold O -- O -insoluble O -globulin O -in O -normal O -serum O -was O -partially O -blocked O -by O -clotting O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -dansylcadaverine O -and O -completely O -blocked O -by O -clotting O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -DNA O -content O -of O -individual O -sperm O -from O -populations O -of O -acriflavine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stained I-Chemical -cells O -was O -investigated O -by O -analysis O -of O -fluorescence O -frequency O -distributions O -obtained O -with O -high O -- O -resolution O -flow O -- O -systems O -instruments O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -sharp O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -placental O -content O -of O -pregnancy O -zone O -protein O -could O -be O -entirely O -accounted O -for O -by O -the O -maternal O -plasma O -present O -in O -the O -placenta O -. O - -aps B-category -Abnormal O -rate O -of O -synthesis O -in O -inherited O -thyroxine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -deficiency O -and O -excess O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -TBG O -was O -purified O -by O -affinity O -chromatography O -, O -labeled O -under O -sterile O -conditions O -with O -131I O -or O -125I O -, O -, O -and O -mixed O -with O -[ O -125I O -] O -thyroxine B-Chemical -( O -T4 O -) O -or O -[ O -131I O -] O -T4 O -, O -respectively O -, O -before O -their O -intravenous O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -G O -- O -bands O -were O -obtained O -by O -either O -SSC O -( O -saline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -solution I-Chemical -) O -, O -or O -trypsin O -pretreatment O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -reagents O -included O -( O -a O -) O -the O -fluorescent O -antitumor O -antibiotics O -mithramycin O -, O -chromomycin O -A3 O -and O -olivomycin O -; O -( O -b O -) O -the O -Feulgen O -reagents O -acriflavine B-Chemical -and O -flavophosphine O -N O -and O -( O -c O -) O -the O -intercalating O -dyes O -ethidium O -bromide B-Chemical -and O -propidium B-Chemical -iodide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -staining O -consists O -of O -a O -combination O -of O -a O -modified O -Feulgen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acriflavine I-Chemical -procedure O -for O -DNA O -and O -a O -primulin O -or O -stilbene O -isothiocyanate O -staining O -for O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Oxidation O -of O -fixed O -tissues O -and O -unfixed O -peripheral O -blood O -smears O -by O -1 O -% O -( O -w O -/ O -v O -) O -lead B-Chemical -tetraacetate O -in O -dimethyl O -sulfoxide O -for O -10 O -to O -60 O -min O -resulted O -in O -facile O -induction O -of O -tissue O -carbonyls O -readily O -demonstrable O -with O -Schiff O -' O -s O -reagent O -and O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -bisulfite O -addition O -reaction O -, O -followed O -by O -toluidine O -blue O -staining O -at O -controlled O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -Gomori O -' O -s O -lead B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -method O -for O -acid O -phosphatase O -detection O -, O -the O -optimal O -incubation O -time O -in O -the O -reaction O -medium O -was O -determined O -to O -be O -30 O -min O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanism O -of O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -characteristics O -of O -the O -C5a O -- O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -were O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimal O -reaction O -temperature O -is O -25 O -degrees O -to O -30 O -degrees O -C O -. O -Unlike O -the O -antigen O -- O -induced O -release O -, O -no O -two O -- O -stage O -activation O -with O -C5a O -for O -the O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -could O -be O -demonstrated O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -parallel O -experiments O -, O -cells O -from O -allergic O -donors O -desensitized O -for O -IgE O -- O -mediated O -reactions O -by O -incubation O -with O -antigen O -under O -sub O -- O -optimal O -conditions O -release O -histamine B-Chemical -normally O -upon O -the O -addition O -of O -C5a O -. O - -aps B-category -Response O -to O -antigenic O -determinants O -of O -Neisseria O -meningitidis O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -investigated O -with O -a O -new O -radioactive O -antigen O -- O -binding O -assay O -. O - -aps B-category -LPS O -was O -intrinsically O -labeled O -with O -14C O -acetate O -during O -16 O -- O -hr O -growth O -in O -a O -modified O -Frantz O -media O -, O -extracted O -by O -hot O -phenol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -H2O I-Chemical -, O -and O -purified O -by O -dialysis O -, O -ultracentrifugation O -, O -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -precipitation O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -NaD O -is O -insoluble O -in O -( O -NH4 O -) O -2SO4 O -, O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -, O -20 O -% O -, O -was O -used O -to O -precipitate O -immunoglobulins O -of O -all O -three O -major O -classes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -profiles O -for O -the O -frequency O -of O -ZBC O -binding O -different O -numbers O -of O -molecules O -were O -nearly O -identical O -for O -thymus O -and O -spleen O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -descriptions O -of O -the O -binding O -of O -many O -other O -antigens O -. O - -aps B-category -Sensitization O -of O -mouse O -splenic O -lymphocytes O -in O -vitro O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -borohydride O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -biologic O -effects O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -periodate O -are O -- O -treated O -autologous O -spleen O -cells O -stimulated O -a O -one O -- O -way O -mixed O -lymphocyte O -reaction O -and O -led O -to O -the O -generation O -of O -thymus O -- O -derived O -cytotoxic O -effector O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Fresh O -spleen O -cells O -and O -lymphocytes O -cultured O -for O -5 O -days O -without O -antigen O -or O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -did O -not O -lyse O -periodate O -- O -treated O -targets O -. O - -aps B-category -Rabbit O -antisera O -to O -isoniazid B-Chemical -( O -INH O -) O -and O -its O -major O -metabolite O -, O -isonicotinic O -acid O -( O -INA O -) O -, O -were O -prepared O -by O -immunization O -with O -conjugates O -of O -these O -compounds O -with O -human O -serum O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -asymptomatic O -long O -- O -term O -carriers O -of O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -, O -presence O -of O -the O -e O -antigen O -was O -associated O -with O -elevated O -levels O -of O -aspartate B-Chemical -and O -alanine B-Chemical -aminotransferases O -in O -serum O -; O -this O -observation O -suggested O -that O -the O -e O -antigen O -might O -be O -a O -marker O -for O -persisting O -hepatic O -dysfunction O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -structures O -visualized O -in O -lipolyzed O -chylomicrons O -was O -found O -to O -be O -affected O -by O -pH O -during O -preparation O -of O -specimens O -for O -microscopy O -, O -whether O -fixed O -with O -OsO4 O -and O -sectioned O -, O -or O -stained O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -phosphotungstate O -and O -examined O -as O -whole O -mounts O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -the O -monolayer O -lining O -the O -aqueous O -spaces O -is O -an O -inward O -extension O -of O -the O -chylomicron O -surface O -film O -produced O -by O -the O -accumulation O -and O -movement O -of O -lipolytic O -products O -, O -FFA O -and O -partial O -glycerides O -, O -in O -the O -interfacial O -plane O -between O -core O -triglyceride B-Chemical -and O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -Each O -serotype O -antigen O -has O -a O -unique O -subunit O -molecular O -size O -as O -determined O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -( O -SDS O -- O -PAGE O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -expressed O -as O -an O -arithmetic O -difference O -, O -the O -amount O -of O -augmentation O -is O -increased O -in O -proportion O -to O -the O -level O -of O -thymidine B-Chemical -incorporation O -of O -the O -assay O -cells O -when O -they O -were O -stimulated O -by O -antigen O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -these O -experiments O -, O -antigen O -- O -reactive O -cells O -were O -deleted O -from O -populations O -of O -peripheral O -blood O -lymphocytes O -by O -incubation O -with O -purified O -protein O -derivative O -of O -tuberculin O -, O -diphtheria O -toxoid O -, O -or O -streptokinase O -- O -streptodornase O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -thymidine B-Chemical -of O -high O -specific O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -AMCT O -protein O -had O -a O -blocked O -N O -terminus O -, O -but O -the O -sequence O -analysis O -of O -a O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -fragment O -revealed O -identity O -with O -human O -calcitonin B-Chemical -in O -the O -11 O -positions O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -these O -reasons O -the O -AMCT O -protein O -may O -represent O -a O -prohormone O -of O -calcitonin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -particles O -of O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBsAg B-Chemical -) O -, O -are O -exposed O -on O -the O -surface O -of O -Dane O -particles O -and O -tubular O -forms O -of O -HBsAg B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cycloheximide O -alters O -axonal O -transport O -and O -subcellular O -distribution O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -beta I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydroxylase I-Chemical -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Redistribution O -of O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -and O -acetylcholinesterase O -in O -an O -isolated O -nerve O -segment O -of O -the O -rabbit O -vagus O -nerve O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -combination O -of O -levodopa B-Chemical -and O -the O -extracerebrally O -acting O -decarboxylase O -inhibitor O -benserazide B-Chemical -( O -ratio O -4 O -: O -1 O -) O -( O -Madopar O -) O -, O -was O -compared O -with O -levodopa B-Chemical -alone O -in O -a O -controlled O -double O -- O -blind O -clinical O -multicenter O -trial O -on O -94 O -patients O -with O -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -cerebral O -vasoparalysis O -in O -combination O -with O -severe O -arterial O -hypertension O -( O -MABP O -more O -than O -90 O -min O -above O -220 O -mm O -Hg O -) O -resulted O -in O -a O -statistically O -significant O -increase O -in O -the O -water O -content O -in O -the O -white O -matter O -without O -evidence O -of O -protein O -extravasation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -CSF O -was O -distinctly O -abnormal O -in O -all O -cases O -, O -showing O -elevated O -protein O -, O -depressed O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -pleocytosis O -of O -variable O -extent O -. O - -aps B-category -Pellets O -from O -5 O -different O -lots O -were O -implanted O -sc O -, O -removed O -periodically O -, O -and O -assayed O -chemically O -for O -remaining O -steroid B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -the O -mediastinal O -tumors O -have O -capted O -the O -bleomycin B-Chemical -but O -the O -authors O -insist O -on O -the O -fact O -that O -the O -fixation O -was O -very O -light O -even O -when O -the O -tumor O -was O -a O -large O -one O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -endometrium O -from O -the O -secretory O -phase O -of O -the O -menstrual O -cycle O -was O -incubated O -with O -3H O -- O -and O -14C O -- O -labelled O -glucosamine O -and O -[ O -3H O -] O -leucine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -MPA O -reduced O -the O -amount O -of O -glucosamine O -in O -the O -microsomal O -fraction O -and O -also O -had O -an O -effect O -on O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -within O -the O -endometrial O -cells O -, O -as O -indicated O -by O -intracellular O -alpha O -- O -aminoisobutyric O -acid O -space O -measurements O -. O - -aps B-category -Temperature O -- O -dependent O -changes O -in O -activation O -energies O -of O -the O -transport O -systems O -for O -nucleosides B-Chemical -, O -choline B-Chemical -and O -deoxyglucose O -of O -cultured O -Novikoff O -rat O -hepatoma O -cells O -and O -effects O -of O -cytochalasin O -B O -and O -lipid O -solvents O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -presence O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -phenethyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -or O -Persantin O -at O -concentrations O -that O -inhibited O -thymidine B-Chemical -and O -2 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -deoxy I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -transport O -between O -40 O -and O -70 O -% O -also O -did O -not O -alter O -the O -transition O -temperatures O -or O -activation O -energies O -for O -the O -transport O -of O -these O -substrates O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -previous O -in O -vitro O -studies O -, O -the O -present O -investigation O -demonstrated O -in O -vivo O -host O -immunity O -of O -the O -TSTA O -10 O -- O -55 O -days O -after O -tumor O -inoculation O -. O - -aps B-category -Whereas O -sera O -from O -mice O -treated O -with O -OK O -- O -432 O -were O -the O -only O -positive O -for O -interferon B-Chemical -, O -viremia O -was O -clearly O -demonstrated O -in O -control O -groups O -by O -reverse O -transcriptase O -assays O -of O -the O -plasma O -. O - -aps B-category -9 O -) O -Serum O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -phosphorus B-Chemical -, O -alkaline O -phosphatase O -, O -and O -acid O -phosphatase O -were O -not O -significantly O -different O -following O -fractures O -and O -therefore O -did O -not O -reflect O -much O -physiologic O -variation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -species O -of O -primer O -RNA O -required O -for O -the O -initiation O -of O -DNA O -synthesis O -by O -the O -Rous O -sarcoma O -virus O -RNA O -- O -directed O -DNA O -polymerase O -can O -be O -aminoacylated O -by O -tryptophan B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Purified O -125I O -- O -labeled O -AKR O -- O -MuLV O -gp71 O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -Rauscher O -- O -or O -Friend O -- O -MuLV O -glycoproteins O -, O -reacts O -with O -normal O -( O -autogenous O -immune O -) O -mouse O -sera O -in O -direct O -radioimmune O -precipitation O -assays O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -30 O -% O -dimethyl O -sulfoxide O -, O -the O -majority O -of O -DNA O -polymerase O -and O -RNase O -H O -activities O -as O -well O -as O -the O -alpha O -subunit O -were O -displaced O -from O -the O -alpha O -beta O -DNA O -polymerase O -position O -on O -phosphocellulose O -( O -0 O -. O -23 O -M O -potassium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -) O -to O -the O -alpha O -DNA O -polymerase O -position O -( O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -dissociated O -beta O -subunit O -eluted O -from O -phosphocellulose O -at O -a O -wide O -range O -of O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -( O -0 O -. O -28 O -to O -0 O -. O -5 O -M O -potassium B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Purified O -preparations O -of O -each O -isolate O -were O -iodinated O -with O -chloramine O -T O -and O -the O -polypeptide O -compositions O -were O -compared O -by O -electrophoresis O -of O -disrupted O -viruses O -in O -polyacrylamide O -gels O -containing O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -Velocity O -sedimentation O -studies O -of O -reverse O -transcriptase O -reveal O -that O -the O -enzyme O -becomes O -a O -dimer O -( O -or O -oligomer O -) O -at O -low O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -and O -it O -is O -at O -these O -concentrations O -that O -the O -two O -types O -of O -sites O -are O -evident O -on O -the O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -76 O -, O -000 O -- O -dalton O -proteins O -from O -intracisternal O -A O -and O -extracellular O -particles O -have O -the O -same O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -peptides O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -age O -and O -cigarette O -smoking B-Chemical -on O -carcinoembryonic O -antigen O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -CEA O -levels O -were O -determined O -at O -one O -, O -three O -, O -and O -six O -months O -after O -cessation O -of O -smoking B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -age O -and O -smoking B-Chemical -history O -must O -be O -considered O -for O -accurate O -evaluation O -of O -CEA O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Acute O -basophilic O -leukemia O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -excess O -symptoms O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Simple O -method O -of O -separation O -of O -AZO O -- O -derivatives O -of O -bile O -bilirubin B-Chemical -with O -the O -aid O -of O -paper O -chromatography O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -epidemic O -of O -infantile O -papular O -acrodermatitis O -( O -Gianotti O -' O -s O -disease O -) O -in O -Japan O -associated O -with O -hepatitis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -subtype O -ayw O -. O - -aps B-category -HBsAg B-Chemical -subtypes O -were O -determined O -by O -a O -haemagglutination O -- O -inhibition O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -antibody O -were O -treated O -by O -a O -regimen O -of O -intensive O -plasma O -- O -exchange O -, O -cytotoxic O -drugs O -, O -and O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Diurnal O -variation O -in O -plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cortisol I-Chemical -was O -studied O -immediately O -before O -and O -after O -intermittent O -steroid B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -seven O -patients O -receiving O -monthly O -courses O -of O -quadruple O -chemotherapy O -for O -Hodgkin O -' O -s O -or O -non O -- O -Hodgkins O -lymphoma O -over O -a O -period O -of O -6 O -months O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -evening O -cortisol B-Chemical -concentration O -also O -fell O -over O -this O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Fasting O -concentrations O -of O -serum O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -triglyceride B-Chemical -were O -measured O -before O -and O -during O -therapy O -in O -63 O -patients O -with O -uncomplicated O -primary O -( O -essential O -) O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Diet O -therapy O -consisted O -of O -no O -added O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -caloric O -restriction O -if O -overweight O -, O -and O -consumption O -of O -foods O -low O -in O -lipids O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -was O -prescribed O -in O -addition O -to O -diet O -, O -serum O -cholesterol B-Chemical -rose O -by O -12 O -mg O -/ O -dl O -and O -triglyceride B-Chemical -by O -36 O -mg O -/ O -dl O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -- O -005 O -vs O -pretreatment O -value O -for O -both O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -despite O -the O -prescription O -of O -lipid O -- O -lowering O -and O -calorie O -- O -restricted O -diets O -, O -serum O -- O -lipids O -became O -slightly O -raised O -when O -chlorthalidone B-Chemical -was O -used O -as O -the O -sole O -drug O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Parkinson O -' O -s O -disease O -is O -characterised O -by O -an O -imbalance O -between O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -and O -dopamine B-Chemical -which O -probably O -results O -from O -the O -degeneration O -of O -a O -dopaminergic O -nigrostriatal O -pathway O -. O - -aps B-category -Genetic O -risks O -of O -vinyl O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Gentamicin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Fatal O -embolism O -despite O -low O -- O -dose O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -, O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -( O -vitamin B-Chemical -B6 I-Chemical -) O -, O -and O -tryptophan B-Chemical -on O -carbohydrate O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -18 O -women O -had O -evidence O -of O -tissue O -depletion O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -B6 I-Chemical -, O -although O -all O -the O -women O -had O -abnormal O -tryptophan B-Chemical -metabolism O -, O -including O -increased O -urinary O -xanthurenic O -acid O -( O -X O -. O -A O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -synthesis O -of O -the O -tryptophan B-Chemical -metabolite O -quinolinic O -acid O -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -the O -heptaic O -enzyme O -phosphoenolpyruvate O -carboxykinase O -, O -may O -be O -enhanced O -by O -the O -administration O -of O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -, O -it O -is O -suggested O -that O -this O -metabolite O -might O -be O -the O -important O -factor O -in O -the O -improvement O -of O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -in O -the O -vitamin O -- O -B6 O -- O -deficient O -women O -. O - -aps B-category -and O -in O -4 O -patients O -with O -glucocorticoid O -excess O -who O -were O -not O -vitamin O -- O -B6 O -deficient O -, O -when O -they O -were O -given O -tryptophan B-Chemical -to O -augment O -the O -synthesis O -of O -quinolinic O -acid O -. O - -aps B-category -Reduction O -of O -menstrual O -blood O -- O -loss O -by O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -synthetase I-Chemical -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -Mefenamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -six O -patients O -) O -or O -flufenamic O -acid O -( O -one O -patient O -) O -taken O -during O -menstruation O -for O -2 O -- O -3 O -cycles O -reduced O -menstrual O -loss O -in O -each O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Cholesterol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -reserve O -and O -myocardial O -infarction O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenytoin I-Chemical -and O -body O -- O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -Prediction O -of O -azathioprine B-Chemical -intolerance O -in O -transplant O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -patients O -who O -had O -rejected O -their O -grafts O -with O -concomitant O -severe O -leucopenia O -had O -an O -inadequate O -response O -to O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -, O -while O -in O -the O -other O -5 O -, O -who O -had O -tolerated O -the O -drug O -, O -the O -response O -was O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -normal O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -medical O -decisions O -were O -based O -on O -events O -other O -than O -the O -steroid B-Chemical -test O -. O - -aps B-category -2 O -patients O -who O -underwent O -splenectomy O -and O -an O -unoperated O -leucopenic O -man O -were O -unresponsive O -to O -the O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -test O -, O -did O -not O -tolerate O -azatioprine O -after O -transplantation O -and O -rejected O -their O -grafts O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -all O -13 O -patients O -transplanted O -since O -the O -beginning O -of O -this O -study O -, O -the O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -test O -correctly O -predicted O -their O -tolerance O -to O -azathioprine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thymine O -- O -requiring O -bacteria O -associated O -with O -co B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trimoxazole I-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -indicate O -that O -thy O -- O -mutants O -may O -develop O -in O -renal O -calculi O -during O -co B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -trimoxazole I-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Wherever O -their O -location O -, O -they O -appear O -in O -sharp O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -low O -density O -of O -cerebral O -contusions O -or O -chronic O -subdural O -haematomas O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Phenytoin B-Chemical -in O -benign O -insulinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- O -cyclic O -monophosphate O -phosphodiesterase O -by O -potential O -antiallergic O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -simple O -new O -histochemical O -technique O -for O -the O -differentiation O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -storage O -cells O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Foetal O -thymidine B-Chemical -kinase O -in O -tumours O -and O -colonic O -flat O -mucosa O -of O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -investigate O -the O -possibilities O -of O -studying O -the O -axoplasmic O -flow O -in O -vivo O -by O -means O -of O -radionuclide O -scanning O -75Se B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -was O -injected O -into O -the O -L6 O -, O -L7 O -or O -S1 O -spinal O -ganglia O -of O -cats O -and O -the O -spread O -of O -the O -isotope O -recorded O -with O -a O -gamma O -camera O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -tumour O -and O -trophoblast O -produce O -an O -immunosuppressive O -protein O -which O -is O -believed O -to O -be O -a O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -( O -PG O -) O -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Anti O -- O -arrhythmic O -action O -of O -carbamazepine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Surgical O -considerations O -on O -the O -duration O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -therapy O -in O -deep O -venous O -thrombosis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -, O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -releasing I-Chemical -agent O -, O -on O -accumulation O -and O -release O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -in O -various O -regions O -of O -rat O -brain O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -cortex O -, O -brain O -stem O -and O -cerebellar O -regions O -these O -increases O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -could O -be O -blocked O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -a O -beta O -- O -adrenergic O -antagonist O -. O - -aps B-category -Release O -of O -cyclic O -AMP O -, O -induced O -by O -compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -, O -occurred O -in O -all O -regions O -tested O -and O -could O -not O -be O -effectively O -blocked O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -or O -diphenhydramin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -safety O -of O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -and O -hydroxyethyl O -starch O -in O -the O -multiply O -leukapheresed O -donor O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -the O -period O -of O -observation O -for O -each O -donor O -, O -there O -was O -no O -significant O -change O -of O -total O -leukocyte O -and O -platelet O -counts O -, O -total O -bilirubin B-Chemical -, O -alkaline O -phosphatse O -, O -LDH O -, O -SGOT O -, O -creatinine B-Chemical -, O -BUN O -, O -and O -uric B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -determinations O -. O - -aps B-category -Dexamethasone B-Chemical -and O -HES O -in O -these O -doses O -can O -be O -given O -safely O -to O -multiply O -leukapheresed O -donors O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -certain O -hormones O -on O -acid O -- O -base O -equilibrium O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -tension O -in O -the O -aqueous O -humor O -( O -experimental O -studies O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -ATP O -and O -other O -nucleotides O -on O -the O -bleomycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -degradation O -of O -vaccinia O -virus O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -treatment O -of O -keratinizing O -squamous O -cell O -carcinomas O -with O -bleomycin B-Chemical -tumor O -cells O -are O -devitalized O -by O -keratinization O -, O -while O -simple O -necrosis O -plays O -a O -minor O -role O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -importance O -of O -these O -facts O -for O -the O -evaluation O -of O -the O -action O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -and O -the O -consequences O -for O -its O -therapeutic O -use O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Properties O -of O -murine O -intracisternal O -A O -particles O -: O -electron O -microscopic O -appearance O -after O -critical O -point O -drying O -and O -platinum B-Chemical -shadowing O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Experiences O -in O -the O -determination O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -iodine B-Chemical -in O -serum O -in O -various O -functional O -conditions O -of O -the O -thyroid O -gland O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -213 O -patients O -the O -result O -of O -the O -thyroxine B-Chemical -iodine B-Chemical -determination O -was O -compared O -with O -the O -clinically O -and O -radiologically O -established O -functional O -condition O -of O -the O -thyroid O -gland O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -alcohol B-Chemical -level O -was O -tested O -in O -140 O -cases O -, O -the O -ABO O -( O -H O -) O -group O -antigens O -were O -determined O -in O -89 O -cases O -, O -the O -phenotypes O -of O -the O -gamma O -- O -globulin O -( O -1 O -) O -group O -system O -in O -152 O -cases O -, O -and O -the O -alpha1 O -- O -antitrypsin O -( O -Pi O -) O -system O -in O -18 O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -could O -still O -be O -found O -even O -after O -multiple O -intraarticular O -injections O -of O -triamcinolone B-Chemical -acetonide O -. O - -aps B-category -Gradient O -centrifugation O -at O -different O -rotor O -speeds O -using O -a O -discontinous O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -has O -been O -employed O -for O -separation O -of O -human O -spermatozoa O -. O - -aps B-category -Biosynthesis O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -by O -human O -inflamed O -skin O -. O - -aps B-category -Inflamed O -skin O -from O -these O -patients O -evidenced O -an O -increased O -ability O -to O -synthesize O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -present O -results O -support O -the O -view O -that O -the O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -system O -is O -activated O -in O -primary O -irritant O -dermatitis O -, O -thereby O -providing O -a O -basis O -for O -future O -therapeutic O -attempts O -to O -control O -this O -disorder O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -spindle O -- O -shaped O -cells O -were O -leucine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -peptidase I-Chemical -negative O -, O -grew O -actively O -, O -and O -were O -subcultured O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -proportions O -of O -T O -- O -B O -cells O -of O -peripheral O -lymphocytes O -in O -DLE O -patients O -as O -well O -as O -the O -effect O -of O -chloroquine B-Chemical -treatment O -on O -T O -cell O -count O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Keratinized O -cells O -as O -a O -possible O -yellow O -- O -stain O -receptor O -for O -gold B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -orange I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -obtained O -revealed O -that O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -potassium B-Chemical -may O -be O -considered O -as O -sex O -specific O -and O -of O -value O -as O -a O -medico O -- O -legal O -sign O -, O -while O -no O -marked O -difference O -was O -observed O -between O -male O -and O -female O -calcium B-Chemical -content O -. O - -aps B-category -Similarly O -the O -mean O -value O -of O -scalp O -hair O -iron B-Chemical -was O -found O -higher O -in O -females O -than O -in O -males O -, O -especially O -during O -the O -female O -reproductive O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -hereditary O -angioneurotic O -edema O -with O -tranexamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -cinnarizine O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -of O -these O -patients O -also O -had O -continuous O -AMCA B-Chemical -treatment O -, O -in O -the O -course O -of O -which O -2 O -remained O -nearly O -symptom O -- O -free O -on O -a O -dosage O -of O -1 O -g O -2 O -- O -3 O -times O -daily O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -scintigraphy O -by O -means O -of O -99mTc O -- O -sulphur O -colloid O -( O -n O -= O -430 O -) O -and O -67Gallium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrate I-Chemical -( O -n O -= O -180 O -) O -were O -carried O -out O -on O -selected O -patients O -, O -on O -a O -follow O -- O -up O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Nucleo O -- O -protein O -were O -not O -detected O -, O -but O -certian O -tests O -for O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -observed O -and O -, O -at O -the O -peripheral O -parts O -of O -the O -inclusion O -bodies O -, O -phospholipid O -tests O -were O -positive O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -release O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -Murine O -neoplastic O -mast O -cells O -incubated O -with O -labelled O -histamine B-Chemical -released O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -histamine I-Chemical -when O -exposed O -to O -increasing O -concentrations O -of O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -exposed O -simultaneously O -to O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -and O -cytochalasin O -B O -were O -characterized O -by O -a O -further O -increase O -of O -the O -Golgi O -apparatus O -, O -and O -by O -the O -appearance O -of O -many O -electron O -dense O -cytoplasmic O -granules O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -on O -the O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -histamine I-Chemical -release O -induced O -by O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -mouse O -neoplastic O -mast O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -Effect O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -on O -compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -- O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Proceedings O -: O -The O -immunochemical O -binding O -of O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -histamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -well O -- O -documented O -( O -by O -ECG O -as O -well O -as O -autopsy O -) O -case O -of O -fatal O -ventricular O -asystole O -secondary O -to O -intravenous O -administration O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -is O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -I O -: O -Propranolol B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -as O -adjunct O -therapy O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -thyrotoxicosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relationship O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -dosage O -to O -blood O -levels O -, O -the O -effect O -of O -blood O -levels O -on O -pharmacological O -response O -, O -the O -metabolism O -and O -elimination O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -, O -and O -determination O -of O -rational O -dosage O -of O -the O -drug O -, O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Circulating O -prolactin O -was O -also O -measured O -in O -women O -using O -several O -additional O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -steroid B-Chemical -preparations O -including O -a O -sequential O -mestranol O -- O -mestranol O -+ O -chlormadinone O -acetate O -regimen O -. O - -aps B-category -Their O -conceptuses O -were O -carefully O -examined O -by O -silver B-Chemical -and O -immunofluorescent O -stains O -for O -the O -presence O -of O -Treponema O -pallidum O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -effect O -of O -6 O -% O -hydroxyethyl O -starch O -, O -45 O -% O -dextran B-Chemical -60 O -and O -5 O -. O -5 O -% O -oxy O -- O -poly O -- O -gelatine O -on O -blood O -volume O -and O -circulation O -in O -human O -volunteers O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -were O -found O -increases O -in O -cardiac O -output O -, O -centralvenous O -pressure O -and O -endogenous O -creatinine B-Chemical -clearance O -, O -and O -decreases O -of O -total O -peripheral O -resistance O -and O -shock O -index O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Comparative O -investigations O -of O -hydroxyethyl O -starch O -and O -dextran B-Chemical -60 O -in O -Isovolaemic O -haemodilution O -and O -haemorrhagic O -shock O -of O -rats O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -48 O -hour O -survival O -rate O -amounted O -to O -100 O -% O -after O -retransfusion O -or O -replacement O -by O -hydroxyethyl O -starch O -or O -dextran B-Chemical -60 O -of O -the O -bleeding O -volume O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -shown O -in O -clinical O -experiments O -that O -blood O -coagulation O -was O -delayed O -by O -Dextran B-Chemical -60 O -and O -Hydroxyethylstarch O -( O -HAS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -similar O -effect O -of O -haemodilution O -as O -seen O -by O -haematocrit O -and O -blood O -viscosity O -results O -was O -produced O -by O -Dextran B-Chemical -60 O -and O -Hydroxyethylstarch O -. O - -aps B-category -crossmatch O -) O -was O -tested O -in O -comparison O -with O -dextran B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -effects O -of O -rapid O -infusion O -of O -gelatin O -and O -dextran B-Chemical -preparations O -, O -no O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -was O -observed O -in O -10 O -human O -subjects O -( O -volunteers O -) O -following O -rapid O -infusion O -of O -hydroxyethyl O -starch O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -14 O -dogs O -during O -experimentally O -induced O -haemorrhagic O -shock O -the O -effects O -of O -6 O -% O -solutions O -of O -hydroxyethyl O -starch O -and O -Dextran B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -60 I-Chemical -were O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -Glomerular O -filtration O -rate O -returned O -to O -control O -values O -, O -urinary O -volume O -and O -potassium B-Chemical -output O -increased O -whereas O -sodium B-Chemical -output O -decreased O -slightly O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -doses O -of O -50 O -g O -/ O -kg O -/ O -day O -given O -by O -intraperitoneal O -injection O -lead B-Chemical -to O -abortion O -in O -all O -pregnant O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -to O -male O -healthy O -students O -caused O -a O -brief O -increase O -in O -plasma O -histamine B-Chemical -concentration O -from O -0 O -. O -7 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -to O -3 O -. O -0 O -ng O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -anaesthesia O -with O -ketamine B-Chemical -( O -Ketanest O -) O -, O -halothane B-Chemical -or O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -the O -histamine B-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -plasma O -remained O -unaltered O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -and O -characterization O -of O -tryptic O -fragments O -of O -the O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -Sauton O -liquid O -medium O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -MgCl O -( O -2 O -) O -, O -and O -SrCl O -( O -2 O -) O -inhibited O -the O -initial O -instantaneous O -binding O -of O -[ O -( O -3 O -) O -H O -] O -DSM O -to O -the O -organism O -and O -suppressed O -secondary O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -monovalent O -and O -divalent O -cation O -salt B-Chemical -antagonism O -of O -DSM O -action O -on O -M O -. O -smegmatis O -involves O -nonspecific O -interference O -with O -drug O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Experimental O -analysis O -of O -the O -interactions O -between O -heparin B-Chemical -and O -a O -duodenal O -heparinoid O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -DeoxyATP O -is O -as O -efficient O -as O -ATP O -in O -donating O -phosphate B-Chemical -for O -in O -vitro O -phosphorylation O -of O -viral O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Temperature O -sensitive O -( O -ts O -) O -mutants O -of O -dengue O -virus O -type O -2 O -( O -DEN O -- O -2 O -, O -TH O -- O -36 O -isolate O -) O -were O -induced O -by O -replication O -in O -primary O -hamster O -kidney O -cells O -treated O -with O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Separation O -of O -three O -liver O -fractions O -( O -heavy O -mitochondrial O -, O -light O -mitochondrial O -and O -microsomal O -) O -on O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -revealed O -the O -presence O -of O -two O -populations O -of O -radioactive O -particles O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -are O -not O -sufficient O -to O -account O -for O -the O -presence O -of O -free O -iodide O -in O -plasma O -, O -but O -this O -was O -explained O -by O -the O -observation O -that O -iodotyrosines O -are O -deiodinated O -by O -microsomal O -enzymes O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Anaesthesia O -for O -cardioversion O -: O -a O -comparison O -of O -diazepam B-Chemical -, O -thiopentone B-Chemical -and O -propanidid O -. O - -aps B-category -Propanidid O -caused O -more O -hypotension O -than O -diazepam B-Chemical -or O -thiopentone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -failed O -to O -produce O -amnesia O -in O -about O -33 O -% O -of O -the O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -is O -recommended O -in O -poor O -- O -risk O -patients O -and O -in O -emergency O -situations O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -distribution O -in O -human O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Albumin O -- O -bound O -zinc B-Chemical -was O -both O -the O -major O -and O -the O -more O -dynamic O -of O -the O -serum O -zinc B-Chemical -components O -. O - -aps B-category -alpha2 O -- O -Macroglobulin O -- O -bound O -zinc B-Chemical -was O -not O -strongly O -correlated O -either O -with O -total O -serum O -zinc B-Chemical -or O -with O -the O -serum O -concentration O -of O -alpha2 O -- O -macroglobulin O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -a O -large O -extent O -it O -appears O -that O -total O -serum O -zinc B-Chemical -concentration O -reflects O -serum O -albumin O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -Latex O -phagocytosis O -was O -independent O -of O -both O -anticoagulant O -choice O -and O -aspirin B-Chemical -effects O -. O - -aps B-category -Anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ACTH I-Chemical -( O -1 O -- O -24 O -) O -, O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ACTH I-Chemical -( O -17 O -- O -39 O -) O -, O -anti O -- O -beta O -- O -LPH O -and O -anti O -- O -beta O -- O -MSH O -immunsera O -were O -electively O -fixed O -by O -the O -same O -cell O -type O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Chromosome O -aberrations O -induced O -by O -bleomycin B-Chemical -in O -human O -lymphocytes O -in O -vitro O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -examine O -the O -association O -between O -e O -antigen O -and O -hepatitis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -) O -we O -studied O -90 O -inpatients O -with O -acute O -viral O -hepatitis O -type O -B O -. O -e O -Antigen O -was O -present O -in O -24 O -of O -the O -patients O -; O -these O -patients O -had O -detectable O -levels O -of O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -for O -significantly O -longer O -than O -the O -66 O -with O -no O -e O -antigen O -in O -their O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -of O -the O -four O -cases O -which O -were O -thought O -to O -be O -due O -to O -treatment O -failure O -were O -detected O -at O -the O -first O -test O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -cases O -which O -were O -thought O -to O -be O -due O -to O -re O -- O -infection O -, O -the O -majority O -of O -which O -were O -diagnosed O -at O -subsequent O -tests O -. O - -aps B-category -Golgi O -staining O -of O -material O -containing O -cobalt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -filled I-Chemical -profiles O -in O -the O -insect O -CNS O -. O - -aps B-category -BACON O -( O -bleomycin B-Chemical -, O -adriamycin B-Chemical -, O -CCNU B-Chemical -, O -oncovin O -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -mustard O -) O -in O -squamous O -lung O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Enhanced O -pulmonary O -toxicity O -with O -bleomycin B-Chemical -and O -radiotherapy O -in O -oat O -cell O -lung O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -five O -cases O -of O -pulmonary O -fibrosis O -occurred O -several O -weeks O -after O -completion O -of O -a O -six O -- O -week O -course O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -( O -total O -dosage O -90 O -units O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Phase O -I O -study O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -( O -NSC O -- O -102816 O -) O -using O -24 O -- O -hour O -continuous O -infusion O -for O -5 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -designed O -to O -eliminate O -undesirable O -side O -effects O -( O -mainly O -nausea O -and O -vomiting O -) O -occurring O -with O -a O -bolus O -dose O -and O -to O -confirm O -the O -recent O -findings O -of O -the O -relative O -stability O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -' O -s O -solution O -with O -preserved O -biologic O -and O -antitumor O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Twenty O -- O -two O -patients O -with O -MOPP O -- O -resistant O -stage O -IVB O -Hodgkin O -' O -s O -disease O -were O -treated O -with O -a O -combination O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -and O -CCNU B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -immunodiffusion O -experiments O -, O -the O -antigen O -forms O -a O -line O -of O -identity O -with O -an O -antigen O -extracted O -from O -highly O -purified O -bovine O -C O -- O -type O -leukemia O -virus O -by O -treatment O -with O -ether B-Chemical -or O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -. O - -aps B-category -Ultrastructural O -manifestations O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -A2 O -toxicity O -in O -the O -human O -lung O -were O -studied O -in O -three O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -on O -[ O -3H O -] O -thymidine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -( O -[ O -3H O -] O -TTP O -) O -incorporation O -into O -isolated O -sucrose B-Chemical -nuclei O -from O -host O -liver O -and O -Morris O -hepatomas O -has O -been O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -DNA O -extracted O -from O -liver O -or O -hepatoma O -nuclei O -incubated O -with O -bleomycin B-Chemical -indicates O -that O -bleomycin B-Chemical -produces O -scissions O -in O -the O -nuclear O -DNA O -and O -that O -some O -repair O -synthesis O -takes O -place O -. O - -aps B-category -Host O -liver O -or O -hepatoma O -chromatin O -incubated O -with O -a O -DNA O -polymerase O -extracted O -from O -normal O -rat O -liver O -nuclei O -is O -stimulated O -approximately O -to O -the O -same O -extent O -by O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -We O -suggest O -that O -a O -defect O -in O -the O -repair O -system O -in O -hepatoma O -nuclei O -is O -responsible O -for O -the O -relatively O -lower O -response O -to O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -radioimmunoassay O -for O -bleomycin B-Chemical -has O -been O -produced O -using O -125l O -- O -labeled O -bleomycin B-Chemical -and O -antisera O -raised O -in O -rabbits O -against O -a O -carbodiimide O -- O -catalyzed O -bleomycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bovine I-Chemical -serum O -albumin O -conjugate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -standard O -curve O -of O -the O -assay O -was O -linear O -on O -a O -logit O -- O -log O -plot O -and O -the O -lower O -limit O -of O -sensitivity O -was O -250 O -pg O -bleomycin B-Chemical -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -decrease O -in O -bleomycin B-Chemical -immunoreactivity O -was O -observed O -following O -24 O -hr O -incubation O -of O -the O -drug O -in O -serum O -at O -37 O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -sensitivity O -and O -specificity O -of O -the O -radioimmunoassay O -for O -bleomycin B-Chemical -should O -provide O -a O -new O -means O -for O -pharmacokinetic O -and O -toxicity O -studies O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -concentration O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -in O -plasma O -with O -continuous O -infusion O -stayed O -higher O -than O -with O -bolus O -; O -urinary O -excretion O -was O -similar O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -20 O -degrees O -in O -Ringer O -' O -s O -lactate B-Chemical -( O -pH O -6 O -. O -2 O -) O -, O -the O -t1 O -/ O -2 O -was O -94 O -to O -100 O -hr O -. O - -aps B-category -Dose O -fractionation O -does O -not O -prevent O -repair O -of O -potentially O -lethal O -damage O -induced O -by O -bleomycin B-Chemical -( O -NSC O -- O -125066 O -) O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulated O -DNA O -synthesis O -in O -livers O -and O -kidneys O -induced O -to O -proliferate O -associated O -with O -unchanged O -thymidine B-Chemical -and O -thymidylate O -kinase O -activities O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -the O -enhanced O -thymidine B-Chemical -kinase O -activity O -evoked O -by O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -given O -by O -intubation O -at O -later O -stages O -of O -liver O -regeneration O -was O -paralleled O -by O -the O -enhanced O -incorporation O -of O -thymidine B-Chemical -into O -DNA O -only O -to O -a O -very O -small O -degree O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -specific O -method O -for O -the O -isolation O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -immunoglobulin O -from O -rabbit O -antiserum O -by O -affinity O -chromatography O -on O -sepharose O -- O -coupled O -haptene O -( O -sepharose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cortisol I-Chemical -) O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -new O -types O -of O -staining O -regions O -exist O -aftet O -treatment O -with O -a O -modified O -version O -of O -the O -ammoniacal B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -silver I-Chemical -technique O -( O -Howell O -et O -al O -. O -, O -1975 O -) O -, O -in O -addition O -to O -findings O -by O -many O -other O -researchers O -working O -on O -the O -chromosomal O -complement O -of O -Bos O -taurus O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -closed O -- O -eyed O -frontal O -records O -, O -a O -changeover O -in O -the O -time O -lead B-Chemical -between O -the O -hemispheres O -could O -be O -observed O -, O -with O -one O -side O -leading O -during O -the O -period O -preceding O -the O -pattern O -, O -and O -the O -other O -after O -the O -pattern O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -control O -purposes O -a O -second O -EEG O -was O -recorded O -after O -a O -similar O -session O -when O -subjects O -drank O -water O -instead O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -conclusion O -is O -that O -the O -slowing O -of O -the O -EEG O -during O -hangover O -is O -caused O -by O -the O -depressant O -action O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -or O -its O -metabolites O -, O -on O -cortical O -function O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -EEG O -modifications O -and O -psychometric O -performances O -was O -performed O -during O -two O -dives O -in O -hyperbarbic O -chambers O -with O -a O -helium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -oxygen I-Chemical -breathing O -mixture O -( O -pO2 O -maintained O -at O -0 O -. O -4 O -ATA O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -existing O -diagnostic O -procedures O -are O -inadequate O -, O -we O -have O -investigated O -a O -test O -in O -which O -morphine B-Chemical -is O -used O -as O -a O -provocative O -agent O -and O -any O -resulting O -change O -in O -cerebral O -function O -assessed O -by O -measurement O -of O -the O -CNV O -in O -conjuction O -with O -a O -psychological O -trail O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -Antisera O -against O -deep O -rough O -mutants O -showed O -even O -higher O -anti O -- O -lipoprotein O -titers O -than O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -R I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lipopolysaccharide I-Chemical -titers O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -enzymes O -, O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -total O -protein O -concentration O -were O -also O -assayed O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -suggest O -that O -1 O -) O -there O -is O -no O -correlation O -between O -TT4 O -, O -TT3 O -, O -elevated O -TBG O -and O -FT3 O -determined O -directly O -or O -by O -calculation O -, O -2 O -) O -basal O -TSH O -values O -seem O -to O -indicate O -possible O -hypothyroidism O -in O -elderly O -persons O -which O -is O -correlated O -with O -elevated O -cholesterol B-Chemical -levels O -and O -3 O -) O -FT3 O -measured O -directly O -subdivides O -this O -metabolic O -state O -into O -three O -groups O -possibly O -depending O -on O -the O -intracellular O -concentration O -of O -T4 O -. O - -aps B-category -Lower O -concentrations O -of O -total O -serum O -zinc B-Chemical -( O -540 O -+ O -/ O -- O -111 O -mug O -/ O -1 O -, O -mean O -+ O -/ O -- O -SEM O -) O -, O -and O -of O -albumin O -- O -bound O -serum O -zinc B-Chemical -( O -295 O -+ O -/ O -- O -113 O -mug O -/ O -1 O -) O -and O -a O -higher O -concentration O -of O -alpha2 O -- O -macroglobulin O -- O -bound O -zinc B-Chemical -( O -245 O -+ O -/ O -- O -69 O -mug O -/ O -1 O -) O -were O -found O -in O -25 O -patients O -with O -decompensated O -hepatic O -cirrhosis O -, O -compared O -to O -28 O -healthy O -subjects O -( O -835 O -+ O -/ O -- O -91 O -; O -679 O -+ O -/ O -- O -83 O -; O -156 O -+ O -/ O -- O -27 O -mug O -/ O -1 O -respectively O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Higher O -levels O -of O -alpha2 O -- O -macroglobulin O -- O -bound O -zinc B-Chemical -were O -associated O -with O -higher O -levels O -of O -alpha2 O -- O -macroglobulin O -in O -these O -patients O -( O -2 O -. O -8 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -8 O -g O -/ O -1 O -) O -compared O -to O -normals O -( O -2 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -0 O -. O -6 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -situation O -exaggerates O -the O -zinc B-Chemical -deficiency O -state O -of O -the O -severe O -cirrhotic O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -UV O -irradiation O -, O -4 O -- O -nitroquinoline O -- O -u O -- O -oxide O -, O -methylmethanesulfonate O -, O -and O -bleomycin B-Chemical -on O -the O -acitivity O -of O -an O -alkaline O -deoxyribonuclease O -from O -human O -lymphocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Penetration O -of O -target O -areas O -in O -the O -rat O -by O -liposome O -- O -associated O -bleomycin B-Chemical -, O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -and O -insulin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -guinea O -pig O -protein O -closely O -resembles O -the O -human O -and O -rabbit O -beta2 O -- O -microglobulins O -in O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -, O -charge O -, O -molecular O -size O -, O -and O -also O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -apparently O -analogous O -disulfide O -loop O -. O - -aps B-category -Particularly O -significant O -is O -the O -fact O -that O -its O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequence O -is O -homologous O -to O -the O -sequences O -of O -the O -constant O -regions O -of O -both O -classes O -of O -light O -chains O -( O -kappa O -and O -lambda O -) O -and O -to O -the O -constant O -homology O -regions O -of O -at O -least O -three O -classes O -( O -gamma O -, O -mu O -and O -epsilon O -) O -of O -heavy O -chains O -, O -especially O -the O -carboxyl O -- O -terminal O -regions O -Cgamma3 O -Cmu4 O -and O -Cepsilon4 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -occurrence O -of O -antibodies O -in O -rabbit O -anti O -- O -pneumococcus O -antisera O -directed O -against O -calcium B-Chemical -dependent O -and O -independent O -determinants O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -carbamylation O -of O -lysine O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -groups O -on O -the O -activity O -of O -blood O -group O -specific O -glycoproteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Carbamylation O -of O -epsilon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -groups O -of O -these O -blood O -group O -glycoproteins O -therefore O -leads O -to O -minor O -conformational O -changes O -, O -not O -involved O -with O -the O -primary O -blood O -group O -specificity O -, O -which O -is O -recognized O -by O -a O -large O -proportion O -but O -not O -by O -all O -corresponding O -antibodies O -and O -lectins O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -incompatibility O -was O -indicated O -by O -low O -titres O -of O -D O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -heterologous O -C3b O -and O -B O -; O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -homologous O -C3b O -and O -B O -, O -the O -titres O -of O -D O -were O -up O -to O -one O -hundred O -- O -fold O -higher O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -intense O -RE O -depression O -reduced O -the O -tolerance O -threshold O -dose O -of O -levan O -only O -by O -3 O -- O -fold O -and O -that O -of O -dextran B-Chemical -B512 O -not O -at O -all O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -determinants O -, O -recognized O -by O -the O -cross O -- O -reacting O -antibody O -on O -I O -red O -cells O -, O -differed O -fromthose O -on O -i O -or O -cord O -red O -cells O -in O -equilibrium O -constant O -, O -thermodynamic O -constants O -, O -index O -of O -heterogeneity O -of O -the O -reaction O -and O -in O -their O -sensitivity O -to O -formalin B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relative O -lack O -of O -effect O -of O -isoprinosine O -during O -a O -90 O -- O -min O -exposure O -and O -the O -lack O -of O -effect O -on O -lymphocyte O -cyclic B-Chemical -nucleotide I-Chemical -levels O -indicate O -that O -isoprinosine O -potentiates O -the O -PHA O -response O -by O -a O -mechanism O -different O -than O -a O -number O -of O -hormonal O -agents O -and O -such O -immunopotentiators O -as O -levamisole O -, O -polyadenylic O -- O -acid O -, O -and O -endotoxin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -serum O -level O -of O -pregnancy O -- O -associated O -alpha2 O -- O -globulin O -was O -studied O -in O -70 O -healthy O -women O -taking O -three O -different O -types O -of O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -[ O -40 O -Bisecurin O -: O -containing O -1 O -. O -0 O -mg O -of O -Ethynodiol O -diaceticum O -+ O -0 O -. O -05 O -mg O -Ethynilestradiol O -; O -20 O -Infecundin O -: O -containing O -2 O -. O -5 O -mg O -of O -Norethynodrel O -+ O -0 O -. O -1 O -mg O -of O -Mestranol O -; O -10 O -Cervicundin O -: O -containing O -of O -0 O -. O -5 O -mg O -Ethynodiol O -diaceticum O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Investigations O -of O -the O -qualitative O -changes O -of O -serum O -proteins O -in O -70 O -healthy O -women O -taking O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -for O -several O -months O -are O -reported O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -are O -thought O -to O -indicate O -the O -estrogen B-Chemical -dependence O -of O -this O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -Histochemical O -localization O -of O -the O -estrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -sulfated O -glycoproteins O -was O -made O -in O -the O -estrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -rabbit O -uterus O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -suggest O -that O -the O -estrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -sulfated O -glycoprotein O -is O -definitely O -localized O -in O -the O -apical O -portions O -of O -the O -epithelial O -and O -glandular O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -five O -gallocyanin O -group O -dyes O -, O -all O -in O -group O -1 O -, O -all O -possess O -a O -dialkylamino O -group O -, O -probably O -functioning O -as O -an O -ammonium B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -. O -Hematoxylin O -, O -the O -flurone O -blacks O -and O -gallein O -all O -present O -an O -o O -- O -hydroxysemiquinone O -group O -which O -probably O -acts O -as O -a O -weak O -acid O -, O -in O -addition O -to O -the O -carboxyl O -group O -of O -gallein O -which O -gives O -the O -strongest O -staining O -of O -nuclei O -at O -the O -longest O -acid O -exposure O -. O - -aps B-category -Formol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -calcium I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -saccharose I-Chemical -mixture O -and O -pure O -0 O -, O -88 O -M O -saccharose O -produced O -the O -opposide O -osmotic O -effect O -on O -nervous O -tissue O -previously O -fixed O -with O -formol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -calcium I-Chemical -: O -the O -former O -induced O -tissue O -shrinkage O -, O -the O -latter O -edema O -. O - -aps B-category -Ample O -information O -on O -the O -distribution O -of O -NAG O -activity O -in O -the O -CNS O -was O -obtained O -by O -using O -fast O -garnet O -GBC O -coupler O -and O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -citrate B-Chemical -buffer O -. O - -aps B-category -Role O -of O -a O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -gene O -for O -immunogenicity O -of O -the O -enterobacterial O -common O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -basic O -protein O -of O -bovine O -central O -nervous O -system O -myelin O -contains O -a O -single O -polypeptide O -chain O -of O -170 O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -major O -peaks O -were O -obtained O -, O -identified O -as O -components O -4 O -, O -5 O -, O -and O -6 O -in O -the O -oder O -of O -their O -elution O -from O -the O -column O -by O -a O -linear O -salt B-Chemical -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -Component O -5 O -differed O -from O -component O -6 O -by O -partial O -deamidation O -of O -glutamine B-Chemical -residues O -103 O -and O -147 O -, O -which O -accounted O -for O -80 O -% O -of O -this O -component O -. O - -aps B-category -Ultrastructure O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptor O -clusters O -on O -cultured O -muscle O -fibers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mutants O -also O -showed O -increased O -( O -collateral O -) O -sensitivity O -to O -local O -anaesthetics O -( O -procaine B-Chemical -, O -tetracaine O -, O -xylocaine O -and O -propanolol B-Chemical -) O -, O -steroid B-Chemical -hormones O -( O -1 O -- O -dehydrotestosterone O -, O -corticosterone B-Chemical -and O -5beta O -- O -pregnan O -- O -3 O -, O -20 O -- O -dione O -) O -and O -some O -Triton O -X O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -peripheral O -blood O -leukocytes O -challenged O -with O -anti O -- O -human O -IgE O -was O -studied O -in O -patients O -with O -chronic O -urticaria O -and O -nonatopic O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -IgE O -levels O -were O -significantly O -higher O -in O -the O -patients O -but O -total O -histamine B-Chemical -content O -of O -about O -10 O -( O -7 O -) O -leukocytes O -was O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -Ionophore O -stimulation O -of O -aliquots O -of O -the O -same O -leukocytes O -used O -for O -anti O -- O -IgE O -challenge O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -urticaria O -patients O -' O -basophils O -were O -capable O -of O -releasing O -normal O -amounts O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -defect O -in O -leukocyte O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -that O -occurs O -after O -the O -anti O -- O -IgE O -- O -IgE O -interaction O -, O -but O -before O -the O -actual O -( O -second O -- O -stage O -) O -release O -process O -, O -and O -that O -is O -comparable O -to O -the O -phenomenon O -of O -desensitization O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunotherapy O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -decrease O -in O -leukocyte O -sensitivity O -for O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -to O -ragweed O -antigen O -E O -in O -a O -majority O -of O -the O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Myelosuppression O -was O -less O -frequently O -encountered O -and O -appeared O -to O -be O -related O -to O -the O -increase O -in O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -dose O -. O - -aps B-category -Tritiated O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -, O -L O -- O -lysine O -and O -L O -- O -proline O -) O -, O -injected O -into O -portions O -of O -the O -substantia O -nigra O -( O -SN O -) O -, O -labeled O -cells O -in O -four O -regions O -, O -designated O -as O -, O -( O -1 O -) O -rostrolateral O -, O -( O -2 O -) O -caudolateral O -, O -( O -3 O -) O -rostromedial O -and O -( O -4 O -) O -central O -. O - -aps B-category -Parameters O -of O -ragweed O -sensitivity O -studied O -before O -and O -following O -injections O -of O -the O -gamma O -globulin O -included O -skin O -test O -and O -nasal O -provocation O -end O -point O -titration O -, O -specific O -IgE O -antibody O -as O -measured O -by O -the O -RAST O -, O -leukocyte O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -, O -total O -serum O -ragweed O -antibody O -level O -, O -and O -total O -serum O -IgE O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -patients O -had O -in O -common O -serum O -IgG O -precipitins O -and O -exquisite O -leukocyte O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -sensitivity O -to O -Alternaria O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -ouabain B-Chemical -, O -a O -specific O -sodium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -potassium I-Chemical -dependent O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphatase O -( O -Na O -+ O -- O -K O -+ O -- O -ATPase O -) O -inhibitor O -, O -on O -antigen O -- O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -was O -studied O -using O -guinea O -pig O -lung O -fragments O -sensitized O -in O -vitro O -with O -rabbit O -antibodies O -against O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -sensitized O -tissue O -had O -been O -preincubated O -with O -ouabain B-Chemical -( O -less O -than O -or O -equal O -to O -1 O -. O -0 O -x O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -M O -) O -for O -10 O -min O -prior O -to O -antigenic O -challenge O -, O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -significantly O -inhibited O -( O -maximum O -54 O -% O -, O -p O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -, O -N O -= O -9 O -, O -paired O -t O -test O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Ouabain O -did O -not O -seem O -to O -prolong O -the O -duration O -of O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -process O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -removal O -from O -the O -medium O -did O -not O -abolish O -the O -ouabain B-Chemical -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -were O -obtained O -from O -thin O -sections O -of O -tissues O -that O -were O -fixed O -in O -aldehyde B-Chemical -, O -osmicated O -and O -embedded O -in O -epoxy O -resin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -calcium B-Chemical -or O -other O -trace O -elements O -were O -not O -detected O -in O -moderately O -electron O -- O -dense O -amorphous O -inclusions O -which O -were O -present O -in O -mitochondria O -of O -muscle O -cells O -throughout O -the O -infarcts O -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatitis O -B O -surface O -antigen O -( O -HBsAg B-Chemical -) O -was O -detected O -in O -72 O -( O -2 O -- O -6 O -% O -) O -of O -them O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -prevalence O -of O -the O -HBsAg B-Chemical -rose O -rapidly O -with O -age O -, O -reaching O -peak O -values O -( O -5 O -- O -3 O -% O -) O -at O -20 O -- O -29 O -years O -, O -while O -anti O -- O -HBs O -reached O -its O -highest O -value O -( O -42 O -- O -1 O -% O -) O -in O -older O -age O -groups O -( O -50 O -- O -59 O -years O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -percentage O -of O -infected O -persons O -who O -become O -chronic O -HBsAg B-Chemical -carriers O -( O -12 O -- O -3 O -% O -) O -was O -found O -higher O -than O -in O -other O -developed O -populations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -importance O -of O -recognizing O -parasystole O -is O -again O -emphasized O -because O -the O -ordinary O -extrasystoles O -, O -particularly O -ventricular O -in O -origin O -, O -are O -frequently O -digitalis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -, O -while O -parasystole O -, O -which O -superficially O -resembles O -the O -ordinary O -extrasystoles O -, O -does O -not O -seem O -to O -be O -related O -to O -digitalis B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -A O -stain O -for O -the O -detection O -of O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -after O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -- O -methoxy O -- O -4 O -- O -hydroxyphenylbenzoic O -( O -vanillic O -) O -acid O -was O -previously O -shown O -to O -be O -one O -of O -the O -endogenous O -metabolites O -of O -adrenaline B-Chemical -and O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -authors O -discuss O -other O -possible O -origins O -of O -vanillic O -acid O -besides O -the O -noradrenaline B-Chemical -catabolism O -of O -dopamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -the O -electroencephalographic O -studies O -combined O -with O -blood O -sugar O -analyses O -before O -and O -after O -50 O -g O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -orally O -, O -showed O -a O -reversibility O -of O -the O -EEG O -alterations O -together O -with O -normalization O -of O -the O -blood O -surgar O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Cobalt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -57 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bleomycin I-Chemical -is O -a O -clinically O -useful O -tumor O -- O -localizing O -agent O -, O -but O -attempts O -to O -label O -bleomycin B-Chemical -( O -BLEO O -) O -with O -other O -radionuclides O -have O -been O -made O -because O -of O -the O -long O -physical O -half O -- O -life O -of O -57Co O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -ileum O -has O -more O -Paneth O -cells O -containing O -dithizone O -- O -reactive O -zinc B-Chemical -than O -the O -duodenum O -and O -jejunum O -. O - -aps B-category -Fasting O -for O -3 O -days O -had O -no O -significant O -effect O -on O -the O -Paneth O -cell O -count O -but O -after O -a O -4 O -- O -day O -fast O -there O -was O -a O -significant O -rise O -in O -the O -total O -Paneth O -cell O -count O -accompanied O -by O -a O -fall O -in O -the O -percentage O -of O -Paneth O -cells O -containing O -dithizone O -- O -reactive O -zinc B-Chemical -in O -all O -areas O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -extent O -of O -absorption O -of O -sulfisoxazole O -acetyl O -and O -dicumarol O -was O -significantly O -increased O -by O -polysorbate O -80 O -and O -triolein O -and O -not O -affected O -by O -hexadecane O -or O -oleyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -to O -be O -devoid O -of O -immunosuppressant O -, O -antimediator O -, O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -, O -steroid B-Chemical -or O -bronchodilator O -properties O -as O -well O -as O -acute O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -vasopressin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -increase O -in O -Na O -transport O -( O -natriferic O -response O -) O -was O -also O -unaffected O -by O -the O -presence O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hydro O -- O -osmotic O -response O -of O -the O -toad O -bladder O -to O -vasopressin B-Chemical -was O -decreased O -by O -70 O -% O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -3 O -% O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Tritiated O -water O -fluxes O -( O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -an O -osmotic O -gradient O -) O -were O -reduced O -by O -30 O -% O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -3 O -% O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Osmotic O -water O -movements O -across O -glutaraldehyde O -and O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -- O -" O -fixed O -" O -vasopressin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stimulated I-Chemical -bladders O -were O -also O -decreased O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Ktrans O -( O -permeability O -coefficient O -) O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -and O -water O -is O -increased O -by O -vasopressin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Loss O -of O -protective O -antigen O -, O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitising I-Chemical -factor O -and O -envelope O -polypeptides O -in O -cultural O -variants O -of O -Bordetella O -pertussis O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparative O -trial O -of O -thiacetazone O -with O -isoniazid B-Chemical -and O -paraaminosalicyclic O -acid O -( O -PAS O -) O -with O -isoniazid B-Chemical -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -pulmonary O -tuberculosis O -in O -Nigerians O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -result O -of O -the O -trial O -showed O -that O -patients O -treated O -with O -thiacetazone O -/ O -isoniazid B-Chemical -combination O -responded O -equally O -favourably O -to O -therapy O -as O -the O -patients O -treated O -with O -PAS O -/ O -isoniazid B-Chemical -combination O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -concluded O -that O -thiacetazone O -( O -150 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -was O -of O -similar O -efficacy O -when O -compared O -with O -PAS O -( O -12 O -gm O -/ O -day O -) O -as O -a O -companion O -drug O -for O -isoniazid B-Chemical -( O -300 O -mg O -/ O -day O -) O -in O -producing O -sputum O -conversion O -, O -and O -radiological O -changes O -in O -Nigerian O -tuberculosis O -patients O -and O -is O -therefore O -to O -be O -preferred O -because O -of O -its O -relative O -cheapness O -and O -once O -- O -a O -- O -day O -administration O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -single O -immunization O -with O -mouse O -spinal O -cord O -, O -complete O -Freund O -' O -s O -adjuvant O -( O -CFA O -) O -and O -pertussis B-Chemical -vaccine I-Chemical -produced O -clinical O -signs O -of O -EAE O -in O -SJL O -and O -C3H O -/ O -He O -strains O -after O -11 O -to O -18 O -days O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -necessary O -to O -give O -pertussis B-Chemical -vaccine I-Chemical -intravenously O -in O -all O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Isoelectric O -focusing O -of O -human O -serum O -albumin O -in O -the O -boric B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -borate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -buffer I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -mannitol I-Chemical -system O -in O -the O -multicellular O -apparatus O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -New O -supravital O -methods O -of O -cytochemical O -analysis O -of O -the O -activity O -of O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -succinate O -dehydrogenase O -in O -the O -blood O -cells O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Separation O -and O -quantitative O -determination O -of O -free O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -the O -tissues O -and O -blood O -by O -electrophoresis O -combined O -with O -thin O -layer O -chromatography O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -drug O -( O -phenytoin B-Chemical -) O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -epilepsy O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phenytoin I-Chemical -concentrations O -were O -monitored O -to O -achieve O -an O -optimum O -range O -of O -10 O -- O -20 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -if O -necessary O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -phenytoin B-Chemical -declined O -slowly O -in O -fourteen O -( O -45 O -% O -) O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -combination O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -( O -' O -Adriamycin B-Chemical -" O -) O -and O -B O -. O -C O -. O -N O -. O -U O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indicate O -the O -usefulness O -of O -doxorubicin B-Chemical -/ O -B O -. O -C O -. O -N O -. O -U O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -exception O -of O -antibodies O -to O -E O -. O -Coli O -, O -the O -HBsAg B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -negative I-Chemical -patients O -with O -HLA O -- O -B8 O -or O -HLA O -- O -B12 O -had O -higher O -titres O -than O -those O -with O -neither O -, O -and O -antibody O -titres O -were O -highest O -in O -the O -7 O -cases O -with O -both O -these O -histocompatibility O -antigens O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -HBsAg B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -positive I-Chemical -patients O -possessed O -HLA O -- O -B8 O -, O -and O -titres O -of O -all O -the O -antibodies O -were O -significantly O -lower O -than O -in O -the O -HBsAg B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -negative I-Chemical -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Renin O -/ O -angiotensin B-Chemical -system O -in O -hypertension O -after O -traumatic O -renal O -- O -artery O -thrombosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -first O -group O -received O -a O -standard O -form O -of O -rejection O -therapy O -consisting O -in O -high O -doses O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -drugs O -, O -and O -the O -second O -group O -received O -in O -addition O -600 O -rads O -of O -radiotherapy O -to O -the O -graft O -. O - -aps B-category -Editorial O -: O -Sodium B-Chemical -bicarbonate I-Chemical -in O -cardiac O -arrest O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -in O -anorexia O -nervosa O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Baclofen B-Chemical -in O -schizophrenia O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Prevention O -of O -respiratory O -- O -distress O -syndrome O -by O -antepartum O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Fragment O -of O -sheep O -beta O -- O -lipotropin O -with O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Diuretic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -hypertriglyceridaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Infectivity O -of O -serum O -containing O -HBsAg B-Chemical -and O -antibody O -to O -e O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -duodenal O -ulcer O -with O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -of O -these O -have O -relapsed O -symptomatically O -within O -a O -month O -of O -withdrawal O -of O -cimetidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -creatinine I-Chemical -showed O -a O -very O -small O -but O -significant O -rise O -but O -the O -mean O -level O -remained O -within O -the O -normal O -range O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -interview O -data O -from O -the O -U O -. O -S O -. O -A O -. O -' O -s O -Third O -National O -Cancer O -Survey O -, O -alcohol B-Chemical -ingestion O -was O -associated O -with O -a O -higher O -occurrence O -of O -cancers O -of O -the O -breast O -, O -thyroid O -, O -and O -amlignant O -melanoma O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -to O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -several O -common O -drugs O -acting O -in O -similar O -manner O -could O -be O -cancer O -promoters O -, O -including O -: O -resperine O -, O -methyldopa B-Chemical -, O -phenothiaznes O -, O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amphetamine I-Chemical -, O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -, O -and O -antihistamines O -. O - -aps B-category -Long O -- O -term O -prevention O -of O -postmenopausal O -osteoporosis O -by O -oestrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -63 O -oophorectomised O -women O -with O -oestrogen B-Chemical -for O -five O -years O -prevented O -the O -reduction O -in O -bone O -mineral O -content O -observed O -in O -57 O -women O -treated O -with O -a O -placebo O -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -Place O -of O -azathioprine B-Chemical -for O -Crohn O -' O -s O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -is O -no O -clear O -evidence O -that O -azathioprine B-Chemical -alters O -the O -course O -of O -the O -disease O -in O -the O -long O -term O -; O -it O -is O -of O -value O -in O -obtaining O -a O -remission O -, O -particularly O -when O -the O -disease O -affects O -the O -large O -intestine O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -changes O -were O -induced O -in O -plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphorus I-Chemical -, O -plasma O -- O -alkaline O -- O -phosphatase O -, O -or O -in O -the O -degree O -of O -bone O -mineralisation O -as O -measured O -by O -the O -phosphorus B-Chemical -/ O -hydroxyproline B-Chemical -ratio O -in O -bone O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -by O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -antagonist O -P113 O -in O -hypertensive O -patients O -treated O -with O -salt B-Chemical -depletion O -and O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -has O -been O -studied O -in O -10 O -patients O -with O -various O -forms O -of O -hypertension O -under O -four O -different O -conditions O -: O -before O -and O -after O -salt B-Chemical -depletion O -and O -with O -or O -without O -propranolol B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -after O -P113 O -infusion O -and O -those O -induced O -by O -propranolol B-Chemical -correlated O -only O -during O -sodium B-Chemical -depletion O -, O -when O -P O -. O -R O -. O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -renin O -dependency O -after O -propranolol B-Chemical -therapy O -suggests O -that O -suppression O -of O -P O -. O -R O -. O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -Investigation O -of O -the O -fertility O -- O -rate O -after O -discontinuation O -of O -use O -of O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -shows O -that O -the O -monthly O -rate O -consistently O -follows O -an O -oscillatory O -pattern O -. O - -aps B-category -Protection O -by O -pertussis B-Chemical -vaccine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -HBsAg B-Chemical -hazard O -in O -blood O -and O -bone O -- O -marrow O -smears O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -because O -pregnant O -and O -10 O -who O -completed O -2 O -cycles O -showed O -significant O -improvement O -in O -breast O -symptoms O -, O -oedema O -, O -weight O -gain O -, O -and O -mood O -with O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -45 O -women O -attending O -the O -infertility O -clinic O -took O -2 O -- O -5 O -mg O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -twice O -daily O -for O -186 O -cycles O -; O -23 O -became O -pregnant O -, O -2 O -had O -marked O -relief O -and O -20 O -complete O -relief O -from O -premenstrual O -symptoms O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -within O -the O -normal O -range O -the O -plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -testosterone I-Chemical -concentrations O -in O -each O -cancer O -patient O -were O -significantly O -higher O -than O -in O -each O -matched O -control O -. O - -aps B-category -Serial O -studies O -on O -twenty O -patients O -before O -and O -during O -oral B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -therapy O -demonstrated O -a O -significant O -positive O -association O -between O -serum O -gamma O -- O -glutamyl O -- O -transpeptidase O -( O -G O -. O -G O -. O -T O -. O -) O - -aps B-category -and O -triglyceride B-Chemical -, O -and O -their O -increase O -after O -treatment O -with O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -, O -may O -reflect O -hepatic O -microsomal O -enzyme O -induction O -of O -both O -the O -rate O -- O -limiting O -enzymes O -of O -triglyceride B-Chemical -synthesis O -, O -and O -G O -. O -G O -. O -T O -. O - -aps B-category -Children O -with O -more O -severe O -xerophthalmia O -received O -additional O -vitamin B-Chemical -A I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -and O -malignant O -hepatic O -tumours O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Do O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -work O -? O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Lithium B-Chemical -and O -thyrotoxicosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Gentamicin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -Pseudomonas O -aeruginosa O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -effect O -of O -serum O -potassium B-Chemical -levels O -on O -the O -heart O -in O -patients O -with O -heart O -diseases O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Plasma O -level O -studies O -of O -quinidine B-Chemical -retard O -, O -their O -significance O -for O -dosage O -and O -onset O -of O -effect O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Quinidine B-Chemical -effectiveness O -and O -plasma O -concentrations O -were O -constant O -throughout O -the O -observation O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -Animal O -experiments O -have O -shown O -a O -close O -similarity O -to O -quinidine B-Chemical -action O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antiarrhythmic O -action O -of O -disopyramide O -phosphate B-Chemical -was O -compared O -to O -placebo O -in O -a O -randomized O -double O -blind O -trial O -at O -rest O -and O -under O -physical O -exertion O -in O -two O -groups O -each O -of O -10 O -patients O -with O -extrasystoles O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -review O -of O -the O -relevant O -literature O -is O -followed O -by O -the O -presentation O -of O -experimental O -and O -clinical O -results O -obtained O -with O -intradermal O -administration O -of O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -releaser O -48 O -/ O -80 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -similar O -immunoreactive O -forms O -of O -high O -molecular O -weight O -( O -big O -hormone O -) O -usually O -have O -low O -biological O -activity O -and O -suggest O -the O -presence O -of O -prohormone O -; O -the O -suggestion O -of O -prohormonal O -nature O -depends O -on O -the O -chronology O -of O -the O -incorporation O -of O -labelled O -leucine B-Chemical -and O -enzymatic O -transformation O -of O -prohormone O -with O -low O -biological O -into O -active O -hormone O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Letter O -: O -Serum O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iron I-Chemical -imbalance O -in O -bronchopulmonary O -cancers O -and O -in O -severe O -pulmonary O -tuberculosis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -cells O -with O -10 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -of O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -reduced O -virus O -production O -by O -80 O -- O -85 O -% O -within O -2 O -hr O -, O -and O -by O -greater O -than O -95 O -% O -at O -later O -times O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -RNA O -- O -directed O -DNA O -polymerase O -( O -deoxynucleosidetriphosphate O -: O -DNA O -deoxynucleotidyltransferase O -EC O -2 O -. O -7 O -. O -7 O -. O -7 O -) O -of O -avian O -oncornavirus O -requires O -a O -tryptophan B-Chemical -tRNA O -( O -tRNATrp O -) O -primer O -molecule O -located O -close O -to O -the O -5 O -' O -end O -of O -the O -viral O -RNA O -genome O -for O -the O -initiation O -of O -DNA O -synthesis O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purified O -virus O -has O -a O -buoyant O -density O -of O -1 O -. O -15 O -to O -1 O -. O -16 O -g O -/ O -cm3 O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -, O -RNA O -- O -dependent O -DNA O -polymerase O -( O -reverse O -transcriptase O -) O -activity O -, O -and O -RNA O -with O -a O -sedimentation O -coefficient O -of O -62 O -to O -68 O -S O -. O -The O -viral O -RNA O -is O -single O -- O -stranded O -, O -and O -, O -upon O -treatment O -with O -heat O -, O -yields O -components O -with O -sedimentation O -coefficients O -of O -36 O -S O -, O -18 O -to O -20 O -S O -, O -and O -4 O -to O -12 O -S O -. O - -aps B-category -Adsorbed O -gamma O -globulin O -was O -not O -detected O -in O -either O -boiled O -or O -ethanol B-Chemical -extract O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -400 O -unselected O -liver O -biopsies O -were O -stained O -with O -aldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thionin I-Chemical -( O -AT O -) O -and O -examined O -for O -ground O -- O -glass O -hepatocytes O -( O -GGH O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Crude O -preparations O -inhibiting O -the O -agglutination O -of O -rabbit O -erythrocytes O -by O -pooled O -human O -serum O -were O -obtained O -by O -extraction O -of O -erythrocyte O -stromata O -with O -various O -solvents O -( O -chloroform B-Chemical -/ O -methanol O -, O -trichloroacetic O -acid O -, O -and O -so O -forth O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Forty O -- O -three O -patients O -were O -treated O -with O -cephazolin O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -a O -parenteral O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -antibiotic O -for O -45 O -episodes O -of O -urinary O -tract O -infection O -complicated O -by O -a O -variety O -of O -underlying O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Folded O -retinas O -in O -rat O -fetuses O -: O -artifacts O -produced O -by O -fixation O -in O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -metabolism O -of O -CAP O -is O -discussed O -and O -compared O -to O -our O -previously O -reported O -data O -on O -the O -metabolism O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -, O -ethynodiol O -diacetate O -and O -medroxyprogesterone O -acetate O -and O -the O -data O -on O -other O -progestogens B-Chemical -reported O -in O -the O -literature O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amounts O -of O -glucosiduronates O -of O -CAP O -and O -/ O -or O -its O -metabolites O -formed O -in O -vivo O -are O -less O -than O -those O -formed O -with O -the O -other O -progestogens B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Determination O -of O -nitrogen B-Chemical -oxides O -in O -the O -exhausts O -of O -internal O -combustion O -engines O -following O -the O -modified O -Saltzman O -technic O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -found O -that O -quantitative O -differences O -of O -the O -causal O -factors O -lead B-Chemical -on O -the O -one O -hand O -to O -LE O -- O -cell O -formation O -, O -on O -the O -other O -to O -the O -partial O -phagocytosis O -phenomenon O -. O - -aps B-category -Variation O -of O -the O -incubation O -time O -in O -the O -alkali B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -saline I-Chemical -solutions O -and O -of O -pH O -values O -have O -proven O -to O -be O -appropriate O -for O -the O -demonstration O -of O -other O -heterochromatic O -regions O -in O -interphase O -nuclei O -and O -in O -circulating O -leucocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypertrophic O -, O -duplicated O -, O -elastic O -lamellae O -showed O -a O -disintegration O -of O -their O -luminal B-Chemical -portions O -not O -earlier O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Genetic O -control O -of O -the O -immune O -response O -to O -ordered O -peptides O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -and O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -estrogens B-Chemical -in O -differentiation O -and O -growth O -of O -target O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -immunoperoxidase O -technic O -for O -the O -demonstration O -of O -the O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -in O -human O -livers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -method O -employs O -the O -peroxidase O -- O -rabbit O -antiperoxidase O -linkage O -through O -goat O -antirabbit O -to O -rabbit O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HBsAg I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -serum O -dopamine B-Chemical -beta O -- O -hydroxylase O -: O -correlation O -of O -enzymatic O -activity O -with O -immunoreactive O -protein O -in O -genetically O -defined O -samples O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -serum O -factor O -in O -aspirin B-Chemical -intolerance O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -supports O -a O -hypothesis O -for O -possible O -induced O -, O -conformationally O -altered O -gamma O -globulin O -resulting O -from O -low O -molecular O -weight O -chemical O -exposures O -such O -as O -aspirin B-Chemical -with O -ensuing O -recognition O -by O -a O -genetically O -determined O -subpopulation O -of O -B O -- O -lymphocytes O -with O -surface O -membrane O -receptors O -avid O -for O -the O -Fc O -portion O -of O -altered O -gamma O -globulin O -or O -some O -conformationally O -altered O -gamma O -globulin O -fraction O -leading O -to O -immune O -and O -/ O -or O -interprotein O -complexes O -with O -subsequent O -alterations O -of O -adrenergic O -, O -cholinergic O -and O -/ O -or O -metabolic O -pharmacologic O -pathways O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -a O -simple O -linear O -interpolation O -method O -produced O -little O -distortion O -and O -gave O -results O -which O -were O -close O -to O -those O -derived O -manually O -in O -each O -assay O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Protein O -synthesis O -was O -affected O -similarly O -; O -however O -, O -kinetic O -studies O -with O -B O -. O -subtilis O -revealed O -that O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -synthesis O -was O -inhibited O -rapidly O -followed O -by O -an O -inhibition O -of O -protein O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antibiotic O -bleomycin B-Chemical -stimulates O -deoxyribonucleic O -acid O -( O -DNA O -) O -synthesis O -in O -toluene O -- O -treated O -Escherichia O -coli O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -suggest O -that O -bleomycin B-Chemical -causes O -nicking O -of O -the O -bacterial O -chromosome O -with O -subsequent O -DNA O -synthesis O -catalyzed O -by O -DNA O -polymerase O -I O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -usefulness O -of O -assays O -for O -the O -rapid O -identification O -and O -determination O -of O -quantitative O -plasma O -levels O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -and O -dicumarol O -is O -documented O -by O -the O -case O -histories O -of O -five O -patients O -: O -a O -man O -who O -accidentally O -took O -dicumarol O -for O -several O -weeks O -and O -developed O -an O -acute O -condition O -within O -the O -abdomen O -, O -a O -man O -who O -ingested O -500 O -mg O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -sodium B-Chemical -in O -a O -suicide O -attempt O -, O -a O -malingering O -nurse O -who O -surreptitiously O -took O -dicumarol O -, O -a O -nurse O -with O -warfarin B-Chemical -intoxication O -who O -did O -not O -follow O -dosage O -prescription O -because O -of O -fear O -of O -developing O -thrombosis O -, O -and O -a O -woman O -with O -calf O -vein O -thrombosis O -who O -did O -not O -ingest O -the O -administered O -warfin O -sodium B-Chemical -becausing O -of O -fear O -of O -developing O -bleeding O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -( O -FFA O -) O -levels O -were O -measured O -in O -the O -mallard O -duck O -( O -Anas O -platyrhynchos O -) O -following O -hypothalamic O -lesions O -at O -various O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -of O -cAMP B-Chemical -has O -been O -studied O -in O -neonatal O -rat O -testis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -highest O -stimulation O -was O -found O -in O -the O -testis O -of O -2 O -- O -day O -- O -old O -rats O -after O -- O -which O -cAMP B-Chemical -synthesis O -diminished O -with O -advancing O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -Heart O -rate O -and O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -were O -measured O -simultaneously O -in O -albino O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Sensitization O -of O -bradycardia O -during O -final O -hypotension O -induced O -by O -serotonin B-Chemical -in O -rats O -: O -effect O -of O -lidocaine B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -showed O -( O -1 O -) O -a O -certain O -degree O -of O -selectivity O -of O -the O -vagi O -, O -and O -( O -2 O -) O -the O -effects O -of O -serotonine O -either O -isolated O -or O -associated O -to O -lidocaine B-Chemical -on O -P O -- O -R O -interval O -and O -heart O -rate O -were O -reinforced O -when O -intact O -animals O -were O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -compensatory O -hypertrophy O -, O -7 O -days O -after O -unilateral O -nephrectomy O -, O -an O -increase O -in O -respiration O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -P I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -activity O -are O -observed O -in O -the O -glomeruli O -of O -the O -hypertrophied O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -radioimmunoassay O -was O -used O -for O -measuring O -testosterone B-Chemical -in O -the O -plasma O -, O -gonads O -and O -adrenals O -of O -28 O -, O -29 O -, O -30 O -and O -31 O -- O -day O -- O -old O -rabbit O -fetuses O -of O -both O -sexes O -and O -newborns O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -male O -fetuses O -, O -plasma O -testosterone B-Chemical -levels O -increased O -from O -the O -28th O -( O -133 O -+ O -/ O -- O -20 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -) O -to O -the O -31st O -day O -( O -361 O -+ O -/ O -- O -119 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -) O -of O -intrauterine O -life O -, O -reaching O -then O -the O -values O -observed O -in O -the O -newborns O -( O -387 O -+ O -/ O -- O -73 O -pg O -/ O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -same O -way O -, O -fetal O -testicular O -testosterone B-Chemical -concentrations O -varying O -from O -1 O -382 O -+ O -/ O -- O -218 O -to O -2 O -317 O -+ O -/ O -- O -333 O -pg O -/ O -10 O -mg O -were O -similar O -to O -those O -measured O -in O -the O -newborns O -( O -1 O -940 O -+ O -/ O -- O -304 O -pg O -/ O -10 O -mg O -) O -and O -significantly O -higher O -than O -fetal O -( O -13 O -to O -34 O -pg O -/ O -10 O -mg O -) O -or O -neonatal O -( O -44 O -pg O -/ O -10 O -mg O -) O -ovarian O -concentrations O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma O -samples O -were O -taken O -during O -the O -control O -, O -transplantation O -and O -recovery O -periods O -and O -their O -activity O -on O -the O -water O -permeability O -( O -osmotic O -water O -flow O -) O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -transport O -was O -examined O -in O -amphibian O -skin O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -column O -chromatographic O -separation O -and O -preparation O -of O -dipyrrolic O -azopigments O -, O -86 O -. O -3 O -+ O -/ O -- O -2 O -. O -2 O -% O -of O -the O -bile O -pigments O -seemed O -to O -be O -conjugated O -bilirubin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Hepatic O -ketogenesis O -was O -studied O -in O -rats O -given O -medium O -chain O -triglycerides B-Chemical -( O -MCT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Citrate B-Chemical -level O -increases O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -our O -experimental O -conditions O -, O -there O -appears O -to O -be O -a O -significant O -linear O -relationship O -between O -the O -hepatic O -acetyl O -- O -Coa O -level O -and O -those O -of O -total O -ketone B-Chemical -bodies O -and O -malade O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -insure O -a O -more O -uniform O -release O -of O -the O -rapidly O -diffusing O -lidocaine B-Chemical -base O -, O -the O -drug O -was O -contained O -in O -compartments O -at O -some O -distance O -from O -the O -nerve O -and O -the O -cuffs O -were O -covered O -with O -polystyrene O -. O - -aps B-category -Previous O -reports O -on O -the O -absence O -of O -extrajunctional O -ACh O -sensitivity O -in O -muscles O -of O -rabbits O -whose O -nerves O -had O -been O -treated O -by O -lidocaine B-Chemical -base O -were O -explained O -by O -a O -relatively O -rapid O -loss O -of O -the O -drug O -from O -the O -usual O -type O -of O -nerve O -cuffs O -( O -more O -than O -70 O -% O -of O -the O -drug O -lost O -in O -one O -day O -) O -, O -permitting O -a O -premature O -recovery O -of O -the O -nerves O -from O -anaesthesia O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -induced O -by O -angiotensins O -and O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -on O -the O -release O -of O -transmitter O -from O -isolated O -perfused O -rabbit O -kidney O -during O -periarterial O -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -PGE2 B-Chemical -also O -inhibited O -the O -effect O -of O -A O -II O -without O -altering O -the O -effect O -of O -exogenous O -NA O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -II O -added O -to O -the O -perfusion O -fluid O -containing O -aspirin B-Chemical -still O -caused O -potentiation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -A O -II O -and O -PGE2 B-Chemical -seemed O -to O -be O -mediated O -by O -independent O -mechanisms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -morphological O -features O -of O -galactosamine B-Chemical -hepatitis O -do O -not O -appear O -or O -are O -very O -mild O -. O - -aps B-category -Biosynthesis O -of O -beta O -- O -phenethyl O -alcohol B-Chemical -in O -Candida O -guilliermondii O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -the O -sedimentable O -DNA O -polymerase O -is O -ribonuclease O -sensitive O -, O -uses O -poly O -( O -C O -) O -. O -oligo O -( O -dG O -) O -as O -template O -, O -and O -bands O -in O -a O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -at O -1 O -- O -17 O -g O -/ O -ml O -it O -is O -thought O -to O -be O -the O -GPLV O -- O -associated O -reverse O -transcriptase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -combined O -effect O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -and O -the O -polyene O -antibiotic O -, O -pentamycin O -, O -upon O -the O -survival O -of O -EMT6 O -tumour O -cells O -has O -been O -studied O -both O -in O -vitro O -and O -in O -vivo O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vivo O -, O -it O -does O -not O -appear O -that O -pentamycin O -can O -greatly O -increase O -the O -cytocidal O -effect O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -the O -90 O -- O -day O -group O -it O -was O -significantly O -less O -in O -arteries O -other O -than O -the O -aorta O -, O -suggesting O -that O -the O -progestogen O -inhibited O -the O -enhancing O -effect O -of O -the O -oestrogen B-Chemical -on O -the O -proliferative O -process O -in O -these O -arteries O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha O -- O -fetoprotein O -levels O -in O -maternal O -plasma O -and O -amniotic O -fluid O -during O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -mid O -- O -trimester O -abortions O -: O -the O -relation O -to O -fetal O -distress O -and O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -plasma O -AFP O -levels O -showed O -a O -progressive O -rise O -after O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -administration O -but O -abnormally O -high O -levels O -were O -found O -infrequently O -until O -the O -time O -of O -delivery O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -placental O -and O -fetal O -response O -to O -the O -intra O -- O -amniotic O -injection O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -F2alpha O -( O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -) O -for O -midtrimester O -abortions O -was O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -induction O -- O -abortion O -interval O -was O -22 O -- O -6 O -hours O -and O -was O -indepedent O -of O -the O -dose O -of O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -used O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mean O -AFP O -levels O -increased O -rapidly O -after O -5 O -hours O -following O -injection O -of O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -primary O -hormonal O -response O -of O -the O -placenta O -and O -the O -efficacy O -of O -exogenous O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -were O -not O -related O -, O -indicating O -the O -possibility O -that O -the O -abortifacient O -property O -of O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -is O -not O -related O -to O -its O -primary O -effect O -on O -placental O -hormone O -synthesis O -or O -release O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -no O -correlation O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -between O -placental O -or O -fetal O -weight O -and O -any O -of O -the O -pregnancy O -- O -specific O -proteins O -or O -steroid B-Chemical -hormones O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -interaction O -of O -the O -azo O -dye O -( O -2 O -, O -3 O -' O -- B-Chemical -dimethyldiphenyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -7 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azo I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -8 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -amino I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -napthol I-Chemical -3 O -, O -6 O -- O -disulfonic O -acid O -( O -TBR O -) O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -with O -the O -bovine O -myelin O -basic O -protein O -has O -been O -studied O -using O -absorbance O -, O -circular O -dichroism O -and O -220 O -MHz O -PMR O -spectroscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -binding O -with O -the O -bovine O -myelin O -basic O -protein O -was O -found O -to O -induce O -a O -minimal O -change O -in O -the O -conformation O -of O -the O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -behavior O -of O -TBR O -is O -primarily O -a O -consequence O -of O -charge O -- O -charge O -interaction O -while O -the O -binding O -effects O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -are O -a O -consequence O -of O -hydrophobic O -interaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -17beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -estradiol I-Chemical -by O -variants O -of O -alpha O -- O -fetoprotein O -in O -rat O -amniotic O -fluid O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -results O -indicate O -that O -a O -specific O -carbohydrate O -portion O -of O -the O -molecule O -is O -not O -necessary O -for O -steroid B-Chemical -binding O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -aforementioned O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -were O -linked O -directly O -into O -a O -single O -linear O -peptide O -with O -an O -intervening O -spacer O -where O -appropriate O -and O -substituting O -phenylalanine O -for O -tryptophan B-Chemical -( O -i O -. O -e O -. O - -aps B-category -Mitochondrial O -and O -nuclear O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -in O -Chinese O -hamster O -ovary O -cells O -in O -culture O -. O - -aps B-category -Some O -characteristics O -of O -this O -enzyme O -have O -been O -examined O -and O -compared O -with O -those O -of O -the O -mitochondrial O -glutamate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -from O -the O -same O -source O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -different O -rate O -of O -decay O -of O -the O -two O -enzymes O -has O -been O -observed O -in O -cells O -grown O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -in O -patients O -with O -benign O -prostatic O -hypertrophy O -. O - -aps B-category -5 O -patients O -did O -not O -complete O -the O -trial O -mainly O -because O -of O -side O -- O -effects O -due O -to O -an O -overdosage O -of O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Transneuronal O -or O -retrograde O -transport O -of O -( O -3H O -) O -adenosine B-Chemical -in O -the O -rat O -somatic O -sensory O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -projections O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -containing I-Chemical -neurons O -of O -the O -midbrain O -raphe O -nuclei O -( O -nucleus O -raphe O -dorsalis O -, O -nucleus O -centralis O -superior O -) O -are O -studied O -by O -analysis O -of O -axonal O -transport O -of O -labeled O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -transport O -appears O -to O -take O -place O -predominantly O -in O -serotonin B-Chemical -neurons O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -lesions O -of O -serotonin B-Chemical -terminals O -with O -5 O -. O -6 O -- O -DHT O -result O -in O -greatly O -diminished O -axonal O -transport O -of O -proteins O -to O -all O -telencephalic O -, O -diencephalic O -and O -mesencephalic O -areas O -as O -well O -as O -to O -cerebellum O -, O -pons O -- O -medulla O -and O -spinal O -cord O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -on O -deoxynucleotide O -- O -polymerizing O -enzymes O -from O -human O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -bleomycin B-Chemical -increased O -the O -Km O -for O -template O -DNA O -but O -not O -that O -for O -dTTP O -. O - -aps B-category -Moreover O -, O -the O -addition O -of O -extra O -template O -reversed O -the O -bleomycin B-Chemical -inhibition O -but O -the O -addition O -of O -extra O -enzyme O -did O -not O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -obtained O -in O -this O -study O -indicate O -that O -bleomycin B-Chemical -inhibits O -DNA O -polymerases O -alpha O -and O -beta O -by O -a O -thiol B-Chemical -reagent O -- O -dependent O -interaction O -with O -the O -template O -. O - -aps B-category -Compositional O -analyses O -further O -indicated O -that O -the O -mannose O -content O -of O -various O -CEA O -fractions O -was O -directly O -correlated O -with O -Con O -A O -binding O -affinity O -, O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -content O -, O -morphological O -type O -, O -and O -CEA O -specific O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Uridine O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -: O -glycoprotein O -galactosyltransferase O -activity O -in O -the O -ovarian O -cancer O -patient O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -glycoprotein O -fetuin O -, O -from O -which O -terminal O -sialic O -acid O -and O -penultimate O -galactose B-Chemical -were O -removed O -( O -fetuin O -minus O -N O -- O -acetylneuraminis O -acid O -and O -galactose B-Chemical -) O -, O -acted O -as O -an O -excellent O -exogenous O -acceptor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -differences O -in O -the O -levels O -of O -this O -enzyme O -in O -the O -tissues O -and O -sera O -of O -normal O -individuals O -and O -ovarian O -cancer O -patients O -were O -not O -due O -to O -differential O -levels O -of O -the O -degrading O -enzymes O -such O -as O -uridine B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -diphosphate I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -pyrophosphatase O -or O -beta O -- O -D O -- O -galactosidase O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -specific O -catecholamine B-Chemical -fluorescence O -could O -be O -detected O -within O -the O -cells O -, O -not O -even O -after O -pretreatment O -of O -the O -animals O -with O -high O -doses O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -DOPA I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Visualization O -of O -the O -retino O -- O -hypothalamic O -projection O -in O -the O -rat O -by O -cobalt B-Chemical -precipitation O -. O - -aps B-category -Freshly O -isolated O -rat O -brains O -were O -dissected O -and O -a O -solution O -of O -cobaltous O -chloride B-Chemical -was O -applied O -to O -one O -of O -the O -cut O -optic O -nerves O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -thick O -light O -microscopic O -sections O -, O -cobalt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -filled I-Chemical -axons O -were O -visualized O -as O -black O -fibers O -against O -a O -light O -gold B-Chemical -background O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -Grimelius O -argyrophil O -silver B-Chemical -stain O -, O -a O -concentration O -of O -silver B-Chemical -grains O -over O -the O -less O -electron O -dense O -peripheral O -mantle O -of O -the O -A O -- O -cell O -secretory O -granules O -was O -observed O -by O -electron O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -this O -stain O -an O -accumulation O -of O -silver B-Chemical -grains O -was O -also O -seen O -at O -the O -surface O -of O -the O -A O -- O -cell O -secretory O -granules O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunoglobulin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -and O -beta O -1C O -globulin O -deposition O -was O -sought O -using O -the O -indirect O -immunofluorescence O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Lindane B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Investigations O -on O -the O -microbial O -degradation O -of O -Lindane B-Chemical -in O -submerged O -and O -aerated O -moist O -soil O -. O - -aps B-category -Insecticidal O -activity O -and O -biodegradability O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -analogs O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -the O -aryl O -hydroxylase O -activity O -in O -the O -contamination O -of O -rabbits O -by O -Lindane B-Chemical -and O -Barbital O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -the O -ammoniacal O -silver B-Chemical -stain O -, O -Cabot O -rings O -were O -identified O -in O -peripheral O -blood O -erythrocytes O -from O -patients O -with O -severe O -untreated O -pernicious O -anemia O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -studies O -suggest O -that O -the O -immunologic O -indicator O -in O -the O -radioimmune O -assay O -, O -125I O -- O -iodoinsulin O -, O -selects O -antibody O -populations O -from O -within O -the O -antiserum O -that O -interact O -with O -determinants O -distant O -from O -the O -solvent O -surface O -on O -the O -insulin O -molecule O -to O -which O -iodine B-Chemical -is O -substituted O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -on O -DNA O -synthesis O -induction O -by O -phytohaemagglutinin O -in O -human O -lymphocyte O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -locus O -was O -designated O -Esterase O -- O -10 O -( O -Es O -- O -10 O -) O -and O -proposed O -as O -the O -mouse O -homolog O -of O -human O -Esterase O -D O -. O -Linkage O -of O -Es O -- O -10 O -with O -nucleoside B-Chemical -phosphorylase O -- O -1 O -- O -( O -Np O -- O -1 O -) O -on O -Chromosome O -14 O -was O -established O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -modified O -immunofluorescent O -technique O -was O -used O -for O -the O -detection O -of O -HBSAg O -in O -formalin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fixed I-Chemical -liver O -tissue O -, O -thereby O -allowing O -retrospective O -examination O -of O -paraffin O -sections O -and O -avoiding O -the O -need O -to O -split O -the O -sample O -at O -the O -time O -of O -biopsy O -. O - -aps B-category -PAS O -technique O -and O -differential O -staining O -methods O -employing O -Alcian O -blue O -, O -aldehyde B-Chemical -fuchsin O -and O -Azure O -A O -at O -different O -pH O -values O -and O -combined O -with O -enzyme O -digestion O -test O -and O -lipid O -extraction O -were O -used O -. O - -aps B-category -Considering O -that O -the O -blockade O -of O -SH O -groups O -with O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -in O -is O -stable O -the O -authors O -set O -forth O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -the O -use O -of O -BAL O -may O -enable O -the O -demonstration O -of O -a O -sulphur O -- O -containing O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -which O -is O -devoid O -of O -SH O -or O -SS O -groups O -but O -acquires O -them O -only O -when O -acted O -upon O -by O -BAL O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -quantitative O -estimation O -of O -the O -proteins O -two O -- O -dimensional O -immunoelectrophoresis O -was O -employed O -and O -for O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -and O -amines B-Chemical -two O -- O -dimensional O -thin O -- O -layer O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -this O -time O -the O -amino B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -concentrations O -showed O -a O -marked O -increase O -, O -which O -is O -followed O -by O -a O -maximum O -of O -bacterial O -growth O -, O -that O -ultimately O -leads O -to O -a O -sudden O -regression O -of O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -According O -to O -our O -results O -endotoxins O -enhance O -the O -activity O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -; O -these O -findings O -may O -contribute O -to O -a O -better O -understanding O -of O -the O -action O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -serotonin B-Chemical -in O -the O -early O -post O -- O -endotoxin O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -Endotoxins O -and O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -cause O -similar O -disturbances O -in O -the O -capillary O -bed O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -digoxin B-Chemical -levels O -, O -estimated O -by O -radioimmuno O -assay O -, O -technique O -, O -and O -the O -pattern O -of O -cardiac O -arrhythmias O -due O -to O -digoxin B-Chemical -intoxication O -seem O -to O -be O -correlated O -in O -cases O -with O -high O -serum O -digoxin B-Chemical -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -band O -- O -producing O -ability O -is O -, O -however O -, O -diminished O -in O -those O -dyes O -which O -contain O -methylated O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -polypeptide O -had O -a O -fast O -mobility O -in O -alkaline B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urea I-Chemical -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -with O -distinct O -antigenicity O -, O -as O -compared O -to O -heavy O -and O -light O -chains O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -optimal O -conditions O -for O -HAD O -included O -the O -incubation O -of O -cell O -cultures O -at O -37C O -for O -3 O -days O -after O -virus O -inoculation O -, O -the O -use O -of O -a O -0 O -. O -4 O -% O -suspension O -of O -goose O -erythrocytes O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -adjusted O -at O -pH O -6 O -. O -2 O -, O -and O -adsorption O -of O -erythrocytes O -at O -4C O -. O - -aps B-category -Mice O -were O -immunized O -with O -picryl O -chloride B-Chemical -and O -the O -regional O -nodes O -taken O -at O -various O -times O -afterwards O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -the O -mice O -were O -injected O -with O -cells O -taken O -5 O -days O -after O -immunization O -with O -picryl O -chloride B-Chemical -and O -then O -immunized O -, O -there O -was O -a O -depression O -of O -the O -spontaneous O -DNA O -synthesis O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -cyclophosphamide B-Chemical -( O -Cy O -) O -can O -modulate O -the O -acquisition O -of O -allergic O -contact O -dermatitis O -in O -the O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -nicotinamide O -of O -antigen O -- O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -mouse O -peritoneal O -mast O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -action O -of O -nicotinamide O -on O -the O -mechanisms O -involved O -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -antigen O -- O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -mast O -cells O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -the O -relative O -efficacies O -of O -collagenase O -inhibitors O -indicates O -that O -EDTA O -and O -Ca O -- O -EDTA O -are O -about O -one O -hundred O -times O -more O -effective O -on O -a O -molar O -basis O -than O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -and O -its O -derivatives O -, O -N B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cysteine I-Chemical -and O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -by O -both O -EDTA O -- O -type O -agents O -and O -thiols B-Chemical -is O -largely O -reversible O -by O -dialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -EDTA O -- O -type O -compounds O -are O -quite O -stable O -under O -routine O -storage O -, O -while O -acetylcysteine O -is O -more O -stable O -than O -cysteine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Carcinoma O -was O -found O -in O -seven O -of O -25 O -" O -nude O -" O -mice O -that O -were O -castrated O -and O -treated O -with O -testosterone B-Chemical -but O -only O -once O -in O -21 O -transplantations O -into O -castrates O -without O -testosterone B-Chemical -substitution O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -varying O -the O -fixation O -time O -and O -the O -time O -of O -storage O -in O -gum O -arabic B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sucrose I-Chemical -, O -it O -was O -found O -that O -the O -miscellaneous O -activity O -of O -non O -- O -specific O -esterase O -in O -APUD O -cells O -( O -C O -- O -cells O -) O -and O -follicle O -cells O -may O -be O -due O -to O -both O -factors O -. O - -aps B-category -Suspensions O -of O -isolated O -mouse O -thymus O -cells O -were O -subjected O -to O -two O -preparative O -methods O -: O -either O -they O -were O -dropped O -through O -several O -mm O -of O -9 O -: O -1 O -v O -/ O -v O -ethanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -fixative O -, O -allowed O -to O -stand O -for O -1hr O -and O -then O -processed O -for O -staining O -; O -or O -they O -were O -fixed O -, O -passed O -through O -a O -graded O -ethanol B-Chemical -series O -to O -70 O -% O -ethanol B-Chemical -, O -centrifuged O -on O -to O -slides O -in O -a O -modified O -Shandon O -cytocentrifuge O -and O -then O -carried O -wet O -into O -the O -staining O -procedure O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -application O -of O -appropriate O -blocking O -reactions O -( O -acetylation O -, O -de O -- O -amination O -, O -methylation O -and O -NaHSO3 O -- O -treatment O -) O -it O -is O -demonstrated O -that O -the O -tissue O -ligands O -involved O -in O -the O -selective O -glycogen O -contrast B-Chemical -staining O -reaction O -with O -the O -OsVI O -. O - -aps B-category -FeII O -- O -complex O -results O -morphologically O -in O -identical O -selective O -contrast B-Chemical -staining O -of O -glycogen O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -these O -results O -it O -is O -concluded O -that O -in O -the O -combination O -K2OSO4K4Fe O -( O -CN O -) O -6 O -the O -OsVI O -. O -FeII O -complex O -reacts O -with O -unchanged O -diols O -in O -the O -glycogen O -, O -whereas O -the O -OSO4 O -in O -the O -combination O -OSO4K3Fe O -( O -CN O -) O -6 O -can O -potentially O -create O -carbocyl O -groups O -in O -the O -aldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fixed I-Chemical -glycogen O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -ultrastructural O -application O -of O -silver B-Chemical -methenamine O -to O -the O -study O -of O -mucin O -changes O -in O -the O -colonic O -mucosa O -adjacent O -to O -and O -remote O -from O -carcinoma O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -indiate O -that O -the O -HRP O -reaches O -the O -interstices O -of O -the O -gland O -principally O -by O -penetration O -between O -acinar O -cells O -, O -and O -that O -the O -junctional O -complexes O -between O -striated O -duct O -cells O -appear O -to O -be O -more O -resistant O -to O -disruption O -by O -luminal B-Chemical -pressures O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -magnitude O -of O -improvement O -in O -Rn O -was O -statistically O -greater O -for O -the O -the O -four O -active O -preparations O -than O -for O -placebo O -over O -the O -first O -8 O -hours O -; O -the O -effects O -of O -phenylpropanolamine B-Chemical -/ O -chlorpheniramine B-Chemical -were O -still O -present O -after O -10 O -hours O -, O -while O -at O -the O -end O -of O -12 O -hours O -only O -the O -full O -triple O -- O -drug O -capsule O -had O -significant O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -thyroxine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -globulin O -( O -TBG O -) O -was O -measured O -by O -radioimmunoassay O -. O - -aps B-category -Separation O -of O -bound O -and O -free O -is O -obtained O -using O -polyethylene B-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequent O -examination O -of O -369 O -clinical O -specimens O -from O -the O -genitourinary O -tract O -over O -a O -6 O -- O -month O -period O -revealed O -47 O -( O -13 O -% O -) O -Chlamydia O -- O -positive O -cultures O -, O -all O -of O -which O -demonstrated O -inclusion O -bodies O -by O -iodine B-Chemical -staining O -at O -40 O -and O -64 O -h O -postinoculation O -. O - -aps B-category -Volatilization O -of O -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lindane I-Chemical -from O -water O -in O -planchets O -and O -under O -flooded O -soil O -ecosystem O -was O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -More O -rapid O -loss O -of O -both O -insecticides O -occurred O -from O -water O -than O -from O -chloroform B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -During O -5 O -- O -day O -incubation O -under O -flooded O -soil O -conditions O -, O -disappearance O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -was O -faster O -from O -open O -vials O -than O -from O -sealed O -vials O -, O -whereas O -in O -nonflooded O -soil O -, O -no O -volatile O -loss O -of O -the O -insecticide O -was O -evident O -despite O -water O -evaporation O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -identical O -conditions O -of O -water O -evaporation O -, O -lindane B-Chemical -loss O -was O -directly O -proportional O -to O -its O -initial O -concentration O -in O -the O -water O -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequent O -staining O -with O -Schiff O -reagent O -followed O -by O -methylene O -blue O -distinguishes O -red O -- O -to O -purple O -- O -stained O -deoxyribonucleic O -acid O -from O -blue O -- O -stained O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -tannic O -acid O -and O -calcium B-Chemical -to O -the O -initial O -fixative O -is O -useful O -to O -enhance O -electron O -density O -of O -all O -surface O -- O -derived O -membrane O -systems O -in O -these O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effect O -did O -not O -involve O -chelation O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -or O -cytotoxicity O -, O -and O -was O -overcome O -by O -larger O -amounts O -of O -the O -aggregating O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -such O -manipulations O -are O -not O -required O -to O -demonstrate O -the O -complete O -unresponsiveness O -of O -the O -tolerant O -cells O -after O -adoptive O -transfer O -. O - -aps B-category -Release O -of O -slow O -reacting O -substance O -of O -anaphylaxis O -( O -SRS O -- O -A O -) O -from O -human O -leukocytes O -by O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -ionophore O -A23187 O -. O - -aps B-category -About O -25 O -times O -more O -SRS O -- O -A O -activity O -was O -released O -from O -aliquots O -of O -leukocytes O -by O -ionophore O -stimulation O -than O -by O -antigen O -stimulation O -, O -although O -comparable O -amounts O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -were O -released O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -concentration O -of O -plasma O -albumin O -and O -tranferrin O -were O -depressed O -while O -plasma O -IgM O -became O -elevated O -during O -early O -convalescence O -from O -this O -infection O -. O - -aps B-category -Stimulatory O -effects O -were O -seen O -when O -rat O -prostates O -were O -cultured O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -insulin O -( O -3 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -) O -and O -testosterone B-Chemical -( O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -mol O -/ O -l O -) O -, O -the O -incorporation O -on O -day O -4 O -of O -culture O -being O -commensurate O -with O -that O -of O -fresh O -prostrate O -of O -the O -corresponding O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -spontaneous O -surge O -in O -activity O -during O -culture O -tended O -to O -mask O -the O -stimulatory O -effects O -of O -insulin O -and O -testosterone B-Chemical -at O -concentrations O -of O -3 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -and O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -mol O -/ O -l O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -purified O -LPF O -also O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -sensitization O -and O -hypoglycemia O -and O -refractoriness O -to O -the O -hyperglycemic O -effect O -of O -epinephrine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -The O -role O -of O -IgE O -in O -the O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -from O -human O -gingival O -mast O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -blastomeres O -of O -early O -mouse O -embryos O -developing O -after O -fertilization O -by O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labelled I-Chemical -spermatozoa O -, O -the O -labelled O -paternal O -DNA O -is O -distributed O -non O -- O -homogeneously O -in O -the O -nucleus O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -elevation O -in O -hematocrit O -was O -observed O -in O -animals O -of O -the O -experiment O -run O -without O -catalyst O -and O -in O -those O -exposed O -to O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -; O -the O -use O -of O -the O -catalyst O -reduced O -the O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -levels O -in O -the O -exposure O -chambers O -by O -more O -than O -tenfold O -and O -prevented O -these O -bioeffects O -from O -occurring O -. O - -aps B-category -Sex O -chromatin O -determination O -in O -formalin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fixed I-Chemical -, O -paraffin O -- O -embedded O -tissues O -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -experiment O -we O -have O -shown O -that O -it O -is O -also O -possible O -to O -determine O -sex O -in O -formalin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fixed I-Chemical -, O -paraffin O -- O -embedded O -normal O -and O -tumor O -tissue O -of O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -Addition O -of O -R O -- O -82 O -to O -cultures O -in O -which O -all O -the O -cells O -are O -infected O -does O -not O -substantially O -affect O -the O -yield O -of O -physical O -particles O -as O -measured O -by O -RNA O -- O -dependent O -DNA O -polymerase O -activity O -and O -by O -( O -3H O -) O -uridine B-Chemical -incorporation O -into O -viral O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracisternal O -A O -particles O -from O -the O -FLOPC O -- O -1 O -line O -of O -BALB O -/ O -c O -myeloma O -have O -been O -shown O -to O -contain O -high O -- O -molecular O -- O -weight O -RNA O -( O -60 O -to O -70S O -) O -that O -is O -sensitive O -to O -RNase O -, O -alkali B-Chemical -degradation O -, O -and O -heat O -but O -resistant O -to O -Pronase O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -viruses O -( O -termed O -rat O -leukemia O -virus O -, O -RaLV O -) O -were O -released O -spontaneously O -from O -rat O -embryo O -cells O -, O -have O -a O -density O -of O -1 O -. O -14 O -to O -1 O -. O -15 O -g O -/ O -cm O -( O -3 O -) O -based O -on O -equilibrium O -sedimentation O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -, O -contain O -60 O -- O -70S O -RNA O -, O -RNA O -- O -directed O -DNA O -polymerase O -, O -and O -rat O -type O -C O -virus O -- O -specific O -30 O -, O -000 O -molecular O -- O -weight O -- O -protein O -determinants O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -previous O -RaLV O -' O -s O -, O -these O -viruses O -propagate O -in O -their O -own O -cells O -of O -origin O -as O -well O -as O -in O -cells O -of O -heterologous O -rat O -strains O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -viruses O -of O -the O -same O -class O -were O -indistinguishable O -. O - -aps B-category -Disruption O -of O -IgM O -disulfide O -bonds O -by O -dithiothreitol B-Chemical -destroyed O -its O -inhibitory O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Dry O -erythrocytic O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -diagnostic O -agent O -for O -pseudotuberculosis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Clinical O -approbation O -of O -the O -colorimetric O -micromethod O -of O -determination O -of O -creatine B-Chemical -kinase O -activity O -in O -ischemic O -heart O -disease O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Letter O -: O -Lindane B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -a I-Chemical -reply O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -plus O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -B O -. O -C O -. O -G O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -fatal O -motor O -- O -car O -accident O -and O -cannabis B-Chemical -use O -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -alcohol B-Chemical -, O -cannabis B-Chemical -has O -received O -little O -attention O -as O -a O -possible O -cause O -of O -traffic O -accidents O -, O -largely O -owing O -to O -the O -difficulty O -of O -proving O -cannabis B-Chemical -use O -objectively O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -Milner O -has O -pointed O -out O -, O -the O -full O -effect O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -on O -driving O -competence O -was O -not O -appreciated O -until O -objective O -methods O -of O -measuring O -blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alcohol I-Chemical -levels O -became O -generally O -available O -. O - -aps B-category -Given O -the O -time O -period O -under O -study O -, O -it O -may O -be O -assumed O -that O -the O -hormones O -were O -primarily O -non O -- O -steroidal O -oestrogens B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -infusing O -acid O -, O -plasma O -- O -motilin O -rose O -by O -90 O -% O -at O -4 O -min O -and O -was O -still O -significantly O -raised O -at O -45 O -min O -, O -whereas O -there O -was O -an O -insignificant O -fall O -in O -plasma O -- O -motilin O -after O -alkali B-Chemical -and O -no O -change O -after O -saline O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Geographic O -differences O -in O -the O -rates O -of O -breast O -, O -endometrial O -, O -and O -ovarian O -cancer O -appear O -to O -be O -inversely O -correlated O -with O -dietary O -iodine B-Chemical -intake O -. O - -aps B-category -Increasing O -dietary O -iodine B-Chemical -intake O -may O -reduce O -the O -risk O -of O -these O -cancers O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -contrast I-Chemical -barium B-Chemical -meal O -has O -been O -carried O -out O -on O -37 O -patients O -in O -whom O -there O -had O -been O -disagreement O -in O -diagnosis O -between O -the O -routine O -barium B-Chemical -meal O -and O -subsequent O -oesophago O -- O -gastro O -- O -duodenoscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Confirmation O -of O -the O -endoscopic O -and O -double B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -contrast I-Chemical -radiological O -diagnosis O -was O -obtained O -all O -11 O -patients O -who O -had O -surgical O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Povidone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -iodine I-Chemical -and O -the O -kidney O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Peripheral O -neuropathy O -associated O -with O -citrated O -calcium B-Chemical -carbimide O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Do O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -work O -? O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -zinc I-Chemical -in O -sickle O -- O -cell O -anaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -third O -group O -of O -families O -was O -provided O -with O -chupatty O -flour O -fortified O -with O -vitamin B-Chemical -D I-Chemical -( O -6000 O -units O -per O -kg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Atropine B-Chemical -plus O -droperidol B-Chemical -was O -superior O -to O -atropine B-Chemical -plus O -diazepam B-Chemical -or O -atropine B-Chemical -alone O -in O -lessening O -nausea O -and O -vomiting O -and O -in O -reducing O -the O -need O -for O -postoperative O -analgesia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -prospective O -trial O -, O -the O -prophylactic O -efficacy O -of O -low O -- O -dose O -heparin B-Chemical -was O -investigated O -in O -84 O -consecutive O -patients O -undergoing O -total O -- O -hip O -replacement O -. O - -aps B-category -) O -, O -determined O -by O -the O -125I O -- O -fibrinogen O -test O -and O -venography O -, O -was O -69 O -% O -in O -the O -control O -group O -, O -32 O -% O -in O -the O -patients O -receiving O -heparin B-Chemical -alone O -, O -and O -16 O -% O -in O -those O -receiving O -heparin B-Chemical -and O -D O -. O -H O -. O -E O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -use O -of O -a O -sensitive O -assay O -, O -heparin B-Chemical -could O -be O -detected O -in O -the O -plasma O -in O -67 O -% O -of O -samples O -in O -patients O -in O -whom O -D O -. O -V O -. O -T O -. O - -aps B-category -developed O -, O -heparin B-Chemical -could O -be O -detected O -in O -only O -21 O -% O -of O -blood O -- O -samples O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Prophylaxis O -using O -a O -combination O -of O -heparin B-Chemical -and O -D O -. O -H O -. O -E O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -2 O -- O -5 O -mg O -twice O -daily O -is O -effective O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -both O -normoprolactinaemic O -and O -hyperprolactinaemic O -secondary O -amenorrhoea O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -defect O -in O -copper B-Chemical -metabolism O -in O -the O -disease O -was O -expressed O -in O -cultured O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -achieved O -remission O -; O -4 O -with O -prednisone B-Chemical -and O -1 O -spontaneously O -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanism O -for O -increased O -production O -of O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -in O -labour O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -liberated O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -are O -then O -used O -to O -form O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -and O -they O -can O -also O -act O -on O -mitochondria O -to O -release O -calcium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -and O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Eggs O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Interferon B-Chemical -in O -severe O -herpes O -simplex O -of O -cornea O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Fatal O -Herxheimer O -reaction O -after O -pentamidine B-Chemical -in O -Pneumocystis O -pneumonia O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -number O -of O -circumstances O -pulmonary O -function O -is O -so O -disturbed O -that O -inspired O -oxygen B-Chemical -concentrations O -of O -about O -60 O -% O -are O -needed O -to O -combat O -arterial O -hypoxaemia O -. O - -aps B-category -acts O -directly O -on O -the O -intestinal O -mucosal O -- O -cell O -nucleus O -to O -promote O -calcium B-Chemical -absorption O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -correlation O -has O -been O -found O -between O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thyroxine I-Chemical -and O -body O -- O -weight O -or O -changes O -in O -body O -- O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -resulted O -in O -a O -false O -- O -positive O -recall O -incidence O -greater O -than O -92 O -% O -owing O -to O -various O -additional O -factors O -which O -also O -influence O -T4 O -levels O -: O -thyroxine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -globulin I-Chemical -deficiency O -, O -prematurity O -, O -and O -maternal O -drug O -ingestion O -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -of O -rosacea O -by O -metronidazole B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -mode O -of O -action O -of O -metronidazole B-Chemical -and O -other O -antibiotics O -in O -rosacea O -is O -not O -known O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -case O -of O -severe O -" O -non O -- O -responsive O -" O -coeliac O -disease O -has O -been O -shown O -to O -be O -sensitive O -to O -gluten O -whilst O -under O -prednisone B-Chemical -therapy O -, O -but O -not O -without O -prednisone B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -patient O -, O -azathioprine B-Chemical -induced O -and O -sustained O -a O -remission O -when O -unacceptably O -high O -doses O -of O -prednisone B-Chemical -had O -failed O -, O -and O -may O -prove O -to O -be O -a O -valuable O -immunosuppressive O -in O -non O -- O -responsive O -coeliac O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -persists O -to O -some O -extent O -in O -the O -second O -phase O -but O -there O -is O -in O -addition O -a O -slow O -- O -developing O -pressor O -effect O -, O -also O -resulting O -from O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -and O -probably O -attributable O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Haemodialysis O -encephalopathy O -: O -Possible O -role O -of O -phosphate B-Chemical -depletion O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Do O -tricyclic O -antidepressants B-Chemical -work O -? O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Cyproterone B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Nutritional O -anaemia O -is O -a O -major O -public O -- O -health O -problem O -in O -many O -parts O -of O -the O -world O -, O -and O -iron B-Chemical -deficiency O -appears O -to O -be O -the O -most O -important O -cause O -. O - -aps B-category -these O -cells O -show O -a O -net O -increment O -in O -cholesterol B-Chemical -content O -. O - -aps B-category -and O -, O -most O -important O -, O -also O -partially O -suppresses O -the O -net O -increment O -in O -cell O -sterol B-Chemical -content O -induced O -by O -L O -. O -D O -. O -L O -. O - -aps B-category -Haemodialysis O -and O -copper B-Chemical -fever O -. O - -aps B-category -Editorial O -: O -Fetal O -alcohol B-Chemical -syndrome O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Valproate B-Chemical -in O -the O -U O -. O -S O -. O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Magnesium B-Chemical -in O -heart O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Osteoporosis O -and O -androgens B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -an O -acid O -- O -fast O -staining O -of O -mycobacteria O -in O -rod O -form O -results O -by O -using O -a O -carbolfuchsin O -prepared O -from O -rosaniline O -or O -from O -other O -basic O -fuchsins O -included O -new O -fuchsin O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -commercially O -available O -" O -basic O -fuchsin O -" O -is O -either O -the O -chloride B-Chemical -or O -acetate O -of O -pure O -pararosaniline O -or O -consists O -of O -variable O -mixtures O -of O -it O -with O -higher O -homologues O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -of O -blood O -lead B-Chemical -levels O -in O -residents O -of O -the O -Sydney O -area O -. O - -aps B-category -Subjects O -were O -divided O -into O -various O -groups O -and O -it O -was O -found O -that O -smoking B-Chemical -did O -not O -contribute O -significantly O -to O -the O -blood O -level O -, O -but O -the O -location O -of O -dwelling O -and O -employment O -gave O -a O -correlation O -with O -proximity O -to O -the O -city O -of O -Sydney O -. O - -aps B-category -Opposite O -to O -this O -, O -gelatin O -, O -dextran B-Chemical -, O -hydroxyethyl O -starch O -, O -and O -albumin O -solutions O -are O -available O -as O -the O -mainstay O -of O -an O -adequate O -volume O -expansion O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -reduction O -of O -the O -number O -of O -blood O -transfusions O -, O -by O -the O -use O -of O -suitable O -equipment O -, O -segregation O -of O -HBs B-Chemical -Ag I-Chemical -positive O -patients O -from O -negative O -patients O -and O -strict O -maintenance O -of O -hygienic O -rules O -by O -patients O -and O -personnel O -the O -incidence O -of O -hepatitis O -B O -can O -be O -markedly O -lowered O -. O - -aps B-category -Lumphocytes O -were O -pulse O -- O -labelled O -with O -[ O -3H O -] O -thymidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Mechanism O -of O -action O -of O -the O -sex O -steroid B-Chemical -hormones O -( O -third O -of O -three O -parts O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possible O -interaction O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -with O -the O -function O -and O -/ O -or O -formation O -of O -microtubule O -protein O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Labelling O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -with O -cobalt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -57 I-Chemical -, O -indium O -- O -111 O -, O -technetium O -- O -99m O -, O -mercury O -- O -197 O -, O -lead B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -203 I-Chemical -, O -and O -copper B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -67 I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -use O -of O -the O -cobalt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -57 I-Chemical -bleomycin B-Chemical -complex O -is O -however O -limited O -by O -the O -long O -physical O -half O -- O -life O -of O -the O -label O -, O -causing O -a O -risk O -of O -radioactive O -contamination O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -bleomycin B-Chemical -complexes O -showed O -a O -high O -radio O -- O -chemical O -purity O -judged O -by O -their O -behaviour O -on O -thin O -layer O -chromatography O -, O -paper O -chromatography O -, O -and O -electrophoresis O -, O -but O -their O -application O -as O -tumor O -visualizing O -radiopharmaceutical O -turned O -out O -to O -be O -disappointing O -compared O -with O -cobalt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -57 I-Chemical -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Formation O -and O -characteristics O -of O -reovirus O -subviral O -particles O -in O -interferon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -mouse O -L O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -difference O -was O -detected O -in O -the O -adsorption O -of O -virus O -to O -cells O -, O -the O -rate O -and O -extent O -of O -conversion O -of O -parental O -virions O -to O -sub O -- O -viral O -particles O -( O -SVPs O -) O -, O -and O -the O -protein O -and O -double O -- O -stranded O -RNA O -composition O -of O -the O -SVPs O -when O -comparing O -reovirus O -infection O -of O -the O -interferon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -and O -control O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha O -- O -fetoprotein O -: O -the O -major O -high O -- O -affinity O -estrogen B-Chemical -binder O -in O -rat O -uterine O -cytosols O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -the O -use O -of O -specific O -immunoadsorbents O -to O -AFP O -and O -by O -competitive O -assays O -with O -unlabeled O -steroids B-Chemical -and O -pure O -AFP O -, O -it O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -that O -in O -hypotonic O -cytosols O -AFP O -is O -present O -partly O -as O -free O -protein O -with O -a O -sedimentation O -coefficient O -of O -about O -4 O -- O -5 O -S O -and O -partly O -in O -association O -with O -some O -intracellular O -constituent O -( O -s O -) O -to O -form O -an O -8S O -estrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -entity O -. O - -aps B-category -An O -AFP O -- O -mediated O -mechanism O -of O -early O -intracellular O -events O -associated O -with O -estrogen B-Chemical -entry O -in O -target O -cells O -is O -suggested O -and O -discussed O -with O -regard O -to O -current O -views O -on O -steroid B-Chemical -action O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -residual O -8 O -cases O -6 O -were O -treated O -with O -exchange O -transfusions O -and O -steroids B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -isotonic O -water O -solution O -of O -sorbitol O -and O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -, O -there O -is O -no O -need O -to O -limit O -the O -operation O -time O -and O -therefore O -not O -the O -size O -of O -the O -adenomas O -which O -can O -be O -resected O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -staining O -properties O -of O -conventional O -ethanol B-Chemical -resorcin O -- O -fuchsin O -and O -of O -methanol O -resorcin O -- O -fuchsin O -were O -compared O -. O - -aps B-category -Methanol O -resorcin O -- O -fuchsin O -also O -colored O -nuclei O -in O -methacarn O -- O -( O -methanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -chloroform I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glacial I-Chemical -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -6 O -: O -3 O -: O -1 O -) O -and O -formalin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fixed I-Chemical -tissues O -; O -this O -nuclear O -stain O -withstood O -counterstaining O -with O -picro O -- O -dye O -mictures O -. O - -aps B-category -Experiments O -with O -solvents O -containing O -various O -concentrations O -of O -methanol O -, O -ethanol B-Chemical -or O -isopropanol O -indicated O -that O -the O -staining O -patterns O -of O -resorcin O -- O -fuchsin O -are O -determined O -by O -the O -nature O -and O -concentration O -of O -the O -alcohol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -harvesting O -, O -the O -cells O -were O -fixed O -with O -3 O -: O -1 O -methanol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -acetic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -slides O -were O -prepared O -by O -air O -drying O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -staining O -of O -Brunner O -' O -s O -gland O -and O -other O -neutral O -mucins O -by O -carmine O -, O -hematoxylin B-Chemical -and O -orcein O -in O -alkaline O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -Carmine O -and O -hematoxylin B-Chemical -in O -concentrations O -of O -0 O -. O -2 O -- O -1 O -% O -are O -dissolved O -in O -60 O -- O -70 O -% O -alcohol B-Chemical -containing O -1 O -% O -potassium B-Chemical -carbonate O -; O -orcein O -is O -used O -in O -a O -0 O -. O -2 O -% O -alcoholic O -solution O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -hydroxide O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -using O -alcian O -blue O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -in O -3 O -% O -acetic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -for O -5 O -minutes O -prior O -to O -the O -above O -stains O -, O -mucins O -may O -be O -characterized O -in O -the O -same O -preparation O -as O -acid O -, O -neutral O -or O -mixed O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -treating O -retroperitoneal O -tissue O -blocks O -with O -a O -near O -- O -neutral O -glutaraldehyde O -/ O -potassium B-Chemical -dichromate O -solution O -following O -routine O -glutaraldehyde O -perfusion O -, O -intra O -- O -and O -extraadrenal O -chromaffin O -tissues O -develop O -a O -pronounced O -brown O -color O -from O -the O -interaction O -of O -glutaraldehyde O -/ O -potassium B-Chemical -dichromate O -with O -amines B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Assay O -of O -androgen B-Chemical -binding O -sites O -by O -exchange O -with O -methyltrienolone O -( O -R O -1881 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -assay O -method O -has O -also O -been O -applied O -to O -the O -measurement O -of O -androgen B-Chemical -receptor O -sites O -in O -human O -benign O -prostatic O -hypertrophy O -where O -R O -1881 O -has O -the O -added O -advantage O -of O -not O -being O -bound O -by O -any O -contaminating O -plasma O -protein O -( O -sex O -hormone O -binding O -protein O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -drugs O -tested O -were O -: O -vincristine B-Chemical -, O -actinomycin O -D O -, O -adriblastine O -, O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cultures O -showed O -a O -variable O -reaction O -to O -vincristine B-Chemical -, O -a O -good O -response O -to O -actinomycin O -D O -and O -adriblastine O -and O -were O -uniformly O -resistant O -to O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Report O -on O -lead B-Chemical -poisoning O -preventive O -measures O -in O -the O -Vienna O -area O -in O -various O -occupational O -and O -other O -groups O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -strains O -showed O -considerable O -individual O -variability O -in O -their O -susceptibility O -in O -vitro O -, O -most O -were O -more O -resistant O -to O -isoniazid B-Chemical -and O -PAS O -and O -about O -one O -half O -of O -the O -investigated O -strains O -to O -streptomycin B-Chemical -, O -too O -, O -if O -correlated O -to O -" O -wild O -" O -strains O -of O -M O -. O -tuberculosis O -. O - -aps B-category -Good O -effect O -has O -been O -observed O -in O -vitro O -with O -rifampicin B-Chemical -, O -ethambutol B-Chemical -, O -capreomycin O -and O -phenazine O -derivative O -B O -663 O -. O - -aps B-category -Transplantation O -of O -tendons O -sterilized O -in O -formalin B-Chemical -vapours O -and O -preserved O -in O -paraffin O -oil O -. O - -aps B-category -Pits O -were O -located O -in O -the O -crista O -superficialis O -epidermis O -, O -especially O -in O -the O -orifice O -of O -the O -sweat O -duct O -, O -but O -no O -iodine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -starch I-Chemical -reaction O -was O -detected O -in O -pits O -by O -perspiration O -testing O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -undesirable O -effects O -of O -long O -- O -term O -systemic O -corticosteroid B-Chemical -therapy O -have O -been O -confirmed O -in O -this O -series O -, O -chiefly O -by O -severe O -rebound O -phenomena O -, O -notwithstanding O -that O -such O -treatment O -has O -proved O -the O -only O -means O -of O -rapidly O -reversing O -life O -- O -threatening O -states O -. O - -aps B-category -Hereditary O -zinc B-Chemical -deficiency O -( O -Adema O -disease O -) O -in O -cattle O -, O -an O -animal O -parallel O -to O -acrodermatitis O -enteropathica O -. O - -aps B-category -Complete O -recovery O -follows O -oral O -zinc B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Cutaneous O -side O -effects O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -using O -autoradiography O -and O -a O -technique O -of O -repeated O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -injections O -, O -it O -was O -found O -that O -there O -is O -a O -normal O -turnover O -of O -epidermal O -melanocytes O -in O -C57BL O -mice O -, O -and O -that O -the O -numerical O -increase O -in O -the O -population O -of O -active O -melanocytes O -following O -repeated O -UV O -irradiation O -is O -essentially O -the O -result O -of O -cell O -division O -. O - -aps B-category -Parallel O -studies O -on O -collagen O -hydroxyproline B-Chemical -and O -hydroxylysine O -in O -human O -skin O -biopsies O -. O - -aps B-category -Determination O -of O -both O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -is O -considered O -necessary O -to O -characterize O -alterations O -of O -collagen O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -the O -fluorescence O -of O -FTC O -II O -- O -BSA O -conjugates O -is O -stronger O -than O -that O -of O -the O -corresponding O -FTC O -I O -- O -BSA O -conjugate O -. O - -aps B-category -20 O -mM O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -amine B-Chemical -or O -40 O -mM O -of O -ascorbic O -acid O -in O -the O -incubation O -solution O -leads O -to O -selective O -localization O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Zincporphyrin O -pigments O -in O -the O -botryoid O -tissue O -of O -Haemopis O -sanguisuga O -L O -. O -and O -their O -localization O -by O -diaminobenzidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -H2O2 I-Chemical -reaction O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -proved O -by O -ultrahistochemical O -method O -, O -the O -product O -of O -hte O -diaminobenzidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -H2O2 I-Chemical -reaction O -is O -associated O -in O -the O -botryoid O -cells O -with O -the O -tubules O -foth O -of O -the O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -and O -of O -botrydiosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -ultrastructural O -localization O -and O -distribution O -of O -free O -cholesterol B-Chemical -( O -3 O -- O -beta O -- O -hydroxisterol O -) O -in O -human O -cerebral O -tumours O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -PAS O -reaction O -performed O -on O -semithin O -epon O -sections O -following O -removal O -of O -the O -resin O -by O -NaOH B-Chemical -in O -absolute O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -After O -1 O -to O -5 O -min O -of O -NaOH B-Chemical -in O -absolute O -ethanol B-Chemical -treatment O -results O -observed O -were O -in O -accordance O -with O -those O -usually O -seen O -in O -paraffin O -sections O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -colchicine O -( O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -M O -) O -and O -vinblastine O -( O -10 O -( O -- O -2 O -) O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -) O -Upon O -axonal O -transport O -of O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltranserase O -( O -CAT O -) O -and O -on O -nerve O -impulse O -conduction O -have O -been O -investigated O -in O -the O -rat O -sciatic O -nerve O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -series O -of O -30 O -previously O -investigated O -and O -presumably O -healthy O -middle O -- O -aged O -males O -have O -been O -studied O -, O -following O -an O -oral O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -test O -( O -OGTT O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Substrate O -specificity O -of O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acyl O -adenylate O -activation O -sites O -of O -gramicidin O -S O -- O -synthetase O -( O -GSS O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -demonstrated O -that O -among O -the O -aminoacyl O -adenylate O -binding O -sites O -of O -the O -heavy O -component O -of O -GSS O -the O -activation O -site O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -ornithine I-Chemical -is O -distinguished O -by O -a O -relatively O -high O -substrate O -variability O -. O - -aps B-category -Other O -methods O -failed O -to O -produce O -undergraded O -m O -- O -RNA O -as O -shown O -by O -10 O -- O -50 O -% O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -- O -centrifugation O -and O -electrophoresis O -in O -2 O -% O -mixed O -agarose O -- O -acrylamide O -gel O -columns O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -hypothetical O -inhibitor O -may O -be O -metabolically O -unstable O -, O -since O -its O -activity O -is O -rapidly O -depleted O -from O -sporulating O -cells O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Variability O -in O -viral O -susceptibility O -of O -different O -mosquito O -strains O -could O -not O -be O -correlated O -with O -differences O -in O -autogeny O -rates O -or O -organophosphorus B-Chemical -insecticede O -resistance O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -study O -the O -effect O -of O -treating O -rabbits O -with O -a O -locally O -administered O -noncorticosteroid O -anti O -- O -inflammatory O -drug O -, O -we O -gave O -26 O -rabbits O -unilateral O -subconjunctival O -injections O -of O -15 O -mg O -of O -indomethacin B-Chemical -suspension O -daily O -for O -16 O -days O -, O -starting O -one O -day O -before O -the O -intracorneal O -injection O -of O -the O -same O -eye O -with O -bovine O -gamma O -globulin O -. O - -aps B-category -Management O -of O -surgical O -problems O -in O -patients O -on O -methadone B-Chemical -maintenance O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -duration O -of O -prior O -narcotics O -abuse O -was O -ten O -years O -and O -was O -followed O -by O -an O -average O -of O -2 O -. O -2 O -years O -of O -methadone B-Chemical -maintenance O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -patients O -were O -admitted O -for O -intestinal O -obstruction O -secondary O -to O -methadone B-Chemical -ingestion O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -the O -current O -increased O -interest O -in O -and O -therapy O -for O -sexual O -dysfunction O -be O -accompanied O -by O -an O -awareness O -of O -a O -possible O -causal O -relationship O -between O -exogenous O -androgens B-Chemical -and O -prostrate O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Enzymatic O -synthesis O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -5 O -' O -- O -triphosphate O -from O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cell O -types O -are O -defined O -as O -follows O -: O -1 O -) O -the O -differentiated O -Ig O -lymphocytes O -which O -bear O -Ig O -at O -their O -surface O -, O -have O -a O -rough O -nuclear O -sap O -, O -a O -granular O -cytoplasm O -and O -often O -show O -mcrovilli O -at O -the O -cell O -surface O -; O -none O -of O -these O -lymphocytes O -incorporate O -thymidine B-Chemical -and O -therefore O -this O -subpopulation O -can O -be O -considered O -as O -mature O -; O -2 O -) O -the O -differentiated O -plasmacytes O -have O -a O -well O -organized O -rough O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -; O -differentiated O -plasmacytes O -are O -not O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -labelled O -and O -this O -subpopulation O -is O -mature O -; O -3 O -) O -the O -differentiated O -T O -lymphocytes O -with O -theta O -- O -antigen O -at O -their O -cell O -surface O -contain O -a O -smooth O -endoplasmic O -reticulum O -, O -a O -developed O -Golgi O -apparatus O -and O -lysophagosomes O -; O -the O -differentiated O -T O -lymphocytes O -show O -no O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -labelling O -and O -this O -subpopulation O -is O -also O -mature O -; O -4 O -) O -in O -the O -large O -lymphocytes O -without O -surface O -Ig O -nor O -theta O -- O -antigen O -, O -chromatin O -aggregate O -are O -intermingled O -to O -the O -nuclear O -sap O -and O -a O -large O -nucleolus O -is O -present O -; O -this O -subpopulation O -of O -lymphocytes O -, O -a O -number O -of O -which O -show O -usually O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -labelling O -, O -is O -immature O -; O -5 O -) O -the O -small O -lymphocytes O -without O -surface O -Ig O -nor O -theta O -- O -antigen O -have O -a O -large O -nuclear O -cytoplasm O -ratio O -; O -like O -the O -large O -lymphocytes O -, O -this O -population O -is O -also O -immature O -, O -since O -a O -percentage O -of O -these O -cells O -usually O -incorporates O -thymidine B-Chemical -; O -6 O -) O -small O -T O -lymphocytes O -are O -labelled O -by O -the O -theta O -- O -antigen O -marker O -; O -after O -antigenic O -stimulation O -some O -of O -them O -are O -found O -to O -incorporate O -thymidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -found O -that O -bleomycin B-Chemical -therapy O -may O -induce O -or O -aggravate O -the O -shifts O -in O -microbiocenosis O -of O -the O -pharynx O -and O -sputum O -in O -the O -direction O -of O -pathogenization O -( O -increase O -in O -the O -number O -of O -Staph O -. O - -aps B-category -Probably O -because O -of O -this O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -transport O -depended O -on O -the O -culture O -age O -, O -so O -far O -as O -the O -level O -of O -free O -valine O -in O -the O -mycelium O -at O -various O -stages O -of O -development O -was O -different O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -study O -was O -concerned O -with O -the O -correlation O -between O -skin O -test O -, O -bronchial O -provocation O -test O -, O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -leucocytes O -and O -the O -serum O -level O -of O -total O -and O -allergen O -- O -specific O -IgE O -in O -patients O -atopic O -to O -house O -- O -dust O -mite O -allergen O -( O -Dermatophagiodes O -pteronyssinus O -) O -as O -measured O -by O -an O -intracutaneous O -skin O -test O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -sequentially O -incorporating O -the O -cationic O -dye O -Alcian O -blue O -and O -the O -electron O -opaque O -tracer O -lanthanum B-Chemical -nitrate I-Chemical -into O -the O -primary O -and O -secondary O -fixatives O -for O -electron O -microscopy O -( O -AB O -/ O -LN O -staining O -) O -, O -we O -have O -demonstrated O -a O -selective O -staining O -of O -the O -epidermal O -surface O -coat O -. O - -aps B-category -Lidocaine B-Chemical -eliminated O -His O -bundle O -extrasystoles O -that O -blocked O -entirely O -( O -concealed O -) O -or O -conducted O -with O -functional O -left O -bundle O -- O -branch O -block O -by O -improving O -His O -- O -Purkinje O -conduction O -and O -by O -lengthening O -the O -coupling O -interval O -of O -the O -premature O -His O -bundle O -extrasystole O -. O - -aps B-category -Lysosome O -overloading O -and O -dysfunction O -induced O -by O -streptomycin B-Chemical -in O -cultured O -fibroblasts O -. O - -aps B-category -High O -degree O -of O -conversion O -of O -angiotensin B-Chemical -I O -to O -angiotensin B-Chemical -II I-Chemical -in O -the O -mesenteric O -circulation O -of O -the O -isolated O -perfused O -terminal O -ileum O -of O -the O -cat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -object O -of O -this O -investigation O -is O -to O -study O -effects O -of O -bulbectomy O -on O -female O -rats O -operated O -on O -at O -15 O -and O -30 O -days O -of O -age O -( O -prepubescent O -) O -, O -50 O -days O -( O -pubescent O -) O -and O -120 O -days O -( O -adult O -) O -, O -with O -respect O -to O -various O -parameters O -: O -these O -comprise O -corporal O -weight O -, O -liver O -weight O -, O -blood O -sugar O -, O -liver O -glycogen O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -tolerance O -test O -and O -serum O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -free O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -: O -no O -marked O -alterations O -in O -any O -of O -the O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -main O -end O -products O -of O -the O -anaerobic O -carbohydrate O -breakdown O -are O -succinate O -and O -alanine B-Chemical -which O -account O -for O -40 O -% O -and O -30 O -% O -respectively O -of O -all O -accumulated O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Nutritional O -needs O -of O -adult O -Drosophila O -: O -influence O -of O -lecithins O -and O -of O -choline B-Chemical -chloride B-Chemical -on O -the O -fecundity O -, O -the O -fertility O -and O -the O -size O -of O -ova O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -effects O -seem O -caused O -by O -the O -choline B-Chemical -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -adults O -, O -the O -optimal O -concentration O -could O -be O -about O -2 O -g O -/ O -litre O -for O -the O -lecithin O -and O -300 O -mg O -/ O -litre O -for O -the O -cholin O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -( O -4 O -) O -Subunit O -beta O -is O -suggested O -to O -be O -the O -nucleotide B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -polymerizing I-Chemical -enzyme O -, O -but O -is O -unable O -to O -initiate O -RNA O -synthesis O -by O -itself O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Three O -transport O -permeases O -of O -glutamic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -in O -Saccharomyces O -cerevisiae O -: O -specificity O -and O -regulation O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Oestrogen O -- O -related O -changes O -in O -uterine O -and O -vaginal O -cAMP B-Chemical -and O -cGMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Kinetics O -of O -enzyme O -activity O -in O -high O -concentrations O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -malate I-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Cells O -growing O -vegetatively O -and O -also O -cells O -forming O -fruiting O -bodies O -produced O -3 O -' O -, O -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -cyclic I-Chemical -adenosine I-Chemical -monophosphate I-Chemical -( O -cAMP B-Chemical -) O -as O -measured O -by O -the O -incorporation O -of O -exogeneous O -[ O -3H O -] O -adenosine B-Chemical -into O -cAMP B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -from O -Mycobacterium O -species O -, O -strain O -Takeo O -, O -has O -been O -purified O -to O -homogeneity O -as O -judged O -by O -disc O -gel O -electrophoresis O -and O -ultracentrifugation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -was O -considerably O -stable O -to O -the O -treatment O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -; O -unless O -incubating O -at O -80 O -degrees O -C O -for O -2 O -min O -, O -it O -was O -not O -completely O -dissociated O -into O -the O -subunits O -. O - -aps B-category -Superoxide B-Chemical -dismutase O -preparations O -obtained O -from O -various O -species O -of O -mycobacteria O -and O -nocardia O -cross O -- O -reacted O -to O -different O -degrees O -with O -these O -antibodies O -on O -the O -Ouchterlony O -double O -diffusion O -plates O -. O - -aps B-category -Antithymocyte B-Chemical -globulin I-Chemical -in O -renal O -transplant O -recipients O -. O - -aps B-category -Estrogen B-Chemical -receptors O -: O -markers O -of O -hormonal O -dependence O -of O -breast O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Lesions O -of O -the O -liver O -in O -this O -disease O -are O -of O -cholestatic O -character O -, O -which O -was O -due O -to O -the O -impairment O -of O -the O -metabolism O -of O -lipids O -, O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -biliary O -acids O -under O -the O -effect O -of O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Antibody O -against O -HBsAg B-Chemical -was O -detected O -in O -11 O -- O -6 O -% O -of O -the O -patients O -by O -passive O -haemagglutination O -( O -PH O -) O -and O -13 O -- O -4 O -% O -by O -RIA O -, O -and O -in O -33 O -- O -4 O -% O -( O -by O -PH O -) O -of O -a O -control O -population O -. O - -aps B-category -Release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -from O -lung O -tissue O -in O -vitro O -by O -dimethylhydantoin O -- O -formaldehyde O -resin O -and O -polyvinylpyrrolidone O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -40 O -Manchester O -taxi O -drivers O -the O -mean O -blood O -lead B-Chemical -was O -1 O -. O -10 O -mumol O -/ O -1 O -( O -22 O -. O -8 O -mug O -per O -100 O -ml O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -significant O -association O -was O -found O -between O -either O -blood O -lead B-Chemical -elvels O -or O -erythrocyte O -ALAD O -activity O -and O -duration O -of O -service O -or O -weekly O -mileage O -as O -a O -taxi O -driver O -or O -with O -drinking O -or O -smoking B-Chemical -habits O -, O -or O -age O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -there O -was O -no O -correlation O -between O -blood O -lead B-Chemical -levels O -and O -the O -source O -of O -domestic O -water O -, O -the O -mean O -blood O -lead B-Chemical -of O -those O -with O -lead B-Chemical -domestic O -plumbing O -was O -appreciably O -higher O -than O -the O -level O -of O -those O -with O -copper B-Chemical -plumbing O -. O - -aps B-category -Probability O -analysis O -of O -the O -interaction O -of O -antibodies O -with O -multideterminant O -antigens O -in O -radioimmunoassay O -: O -application O -to O -the O -amino B-Chemical -terminus O -of O -the O -beta O -chain O -of O -hemoglobin O -S O -. O - -aps B-category -Demonstration O -of O -8 O -S O -- O -cytoplasmic O -oestrogen B-Chemical -receptor O -in O -rat O -mullerian O -duct O -. O - -aps B-category -Methods O -involving O -total O -extraction O -of O -the O -cell O -- O -virus O -mixture O -either O -by O -repeated O -freezing O -and O -thawing O -followed O -by O -detergent O -treatment O -or O -by O -Dounce O -homogenization O -and O -treatment O -with O -high O -salt B-Chemical -and O -detergent O -failed O -to O -provide O -RNA O -- O -directed O -DNA O -polymerase O -free O -of O -cellular O -DNA O -polymerases O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -both O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -carbohydrate O -residues O -are O -involved O -in O -the O -structure O -of O -the O -antigenic O -determinant O -. O - -aps B-category -Malate O -and O -lactate B-Chemical -dehydrogenases O -were O -monotonously O -inhibited O -under O -the O -increase O -of O -gramicidin O -S O -concentration O -, O -while O -the O -activity O -of O -NADH O -- O -dehydrogenase O -firstly O -decreased O -and O -then O -reversed O -to O -the O -initial O -level O -under O -further O -increase O -of O -gramicidin O -S O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -addition O -of O -Triton O -X O -- O -100 O -completely O -eliminated O -the O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -gramicidin O -on O -malate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -study O -was O -made O -of O -the O -efficacy O -of O -trypan B-Chemical -blue I-Chemical -, O -acridine O -orange O -, O -tetracycline B-Chemical -and O -oxytetracycline O -for O -detection O -of O -tumour O -cells O -injected O -into O -the O -blood O -stream O -of O -rats O -. O - -aps B-category -the O -basic O -actions O -can O -lead B-Chemical -to O -difference O -influencing O -of O -the O -heart O -functioning O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -and O -stimulation O -of O -rapid O -axonal O -transport O -in O -vitro O -by O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -blockers O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -present O -results O -suggest O -that O -stimulation O -of O -axonal O -transport O -can O -be O -achieved O -through O -an O -interaction O -with O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -in O -the O -superior O -cervical O -ganglion O -there O -was O -a O -small O -but O -significant O -increase O -within O -the O -first O -hour O -. O - -aps B-category -Cell O -death O -and O -lysis O -of O -the O -mutant O -could O -be O -prevented O -by O -treatment O -of O -cultures O -with O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -, O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -protein O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -mechanisms O -of O -increased O -alpha O -1 O -- O -fetoprotein O -production O -in O -rats O -following O -carbon B-Chemical -tetrachloride I-Chemical -injury O -and O -partial O -hepatectomy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -maximum O -level O -of O -serum O -AFP O -reached O -in O -4 O -days O -after O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -CCl4 B-Chemical -was O -much O -higher O -than O -that O -after O -partial O -hepatectomy O -, O -although O -the O -incorporation O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -thymidine B-Chemical -into O -liver O -DNA O -increased O -nearly O -to O -the O -same O -extent O -by O -either O -of O -these O -treatments O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -increases O -of O -serum O -AFP O -concentrations O -in O -CCl4 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -injured I-Chemical -rats O -had O -an O -additive O -effect O -on O -increased O -AFP O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Intracellular O -distribution O -of O -( O -14C O -) O -bleomycin B-Chemical -and O -the O -cytokinetic O -effects O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -in O -the O -mouse O -tumor O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -significance O -of O -DNA O -damage O -in O -the O -cell O -cycle O -sensitivity O -of O -Chinese O -hamster O -ovary O -cells O -to O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -DNA O -breakage O -also O -occurs O -in O -cells O -incubated O -in O -bleomycin B-Chemical -at O -4 O -degrees O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -lack O -contact O -inhibition O -and O -may O -be O -transferred O -for O -several O -generations O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -normal O -cervical O -epithelial O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -more O -developed O -lesions O -, O -hyperplastic O -nodules O -, O -also O -did O -not O -store O -iron B-Chemical -, O -had O -persistent O -glycogen O -, O -did O -not O -display O -increased O -concanavalin O -A O -agglutinability O -, O -and O -were O -not O -independent O -secretors O -of O -high O -levels O -of O -alpha O -- O -fetoprotein O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -1 O -mug O -/ O -ml O -at O -37 O -degrees O -, O -the O -naturally O -occurring O -spermidine O -derivative O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -( O -A5 O -) O -was O -far O -more O -lethal O -to O -Escherichia O -coli O -than O -were O -several O -other O -bleomycins O -tested O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -the O -lethality O -of O -the O -antitumor O -agent O -, O -bleomycin B-Chemical -, O -which O -is O -reported O -to O -produce O -breaks O -in O -bacterial O -and O -animal O -cell O -DNA O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -appeared O -totally O -dependent O -on O -RNA O -synthesis O -in O -E O -. O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -was O -observed O -in O -cells O -treated O -with O -colcemid O -, O -vinblastine O -, O -excess O -thymidine B-Chemical -, O -hydroxyurea O -, O -ARA O -- O -C O -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -fluorouracil I-Chemical -, O -actinomycin O -- O -D O -and O -bleomycin B-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -with O -puromycin O -or O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Treatment O -with O -the O -enzyme O -hyaluronidase O -prior O -to O -staining O -with O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -abolished O -the O -staining O -of O -the O -vesicles O -and O -the O -extracellular O -matrix O -but O -not O -that O -of O -the O -cell O -coat O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Plasmatic O -iodine B-Chemical -in O -a O -euthyroid O -children O -population O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -They O -are O -also O -colored O -with O -lead B-Chemical -hematoxyline O -and O -PAS O -- O -Orange O -G O -. O -The O -corticotroph O -nature O -of O -these O -cells O -is O -confirmed O -by O -the O -study O -of O -their O -modifications O -after O -treatment O -with O -amphenone O -and O -ACTH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Study O -of O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -synthesis O -during O -anaphylactic O -shock O -in O -guinea O -pigs O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -lung O -tissue O -, O -only O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -, O -which O -are O -bronchoconstructive O -mediators O -, O -are O -increased O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -of O -renal O -involvement O -or O -necrotizing O -vasculitis O -was O -notably O -absent O -and O -the O -response O -to O -small O -doses O -of O -corticosteroids B-Chemical -was O -dramatic O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -of O -cytophilic O -antibodies O -using O -histamine B-Chemical -liberation O -after O -challenge O -with O -antibodies O -to O -immunoglobulin O -sub O -- O -classes O -in O -six O -patients O -showed O -a O -marked O -increase O -in O -IgG2 O -and O -lesser O -increases O -of O -IgE O -and O -IgG3 O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -permitted O -early O -detection O -of O -eight O -cases O -of O -this O -disease O -, O -including O -two O -that O -would O -have O -been O -missed O -by O -the O -previously O -used O -screening O -procedure O -, O -tyrosine B-Chemical -measurement O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -Testosterone B-Chemical -is O -synthesised O -mainly O -if O -not O -entirely O -by O -the O -leydig O -cells O -and O -secreted O -episodically O -with O -a O -slight O -circadian O -variation O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -free O -testosterone B-Chemical -passes O -into O -the O -target O -cells O -and O -is O -taken O -up O -by O -specific O -receptors O -in O -the O -muscle O -. O - -aps B-category -Anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -androgens I-Chemical -appear O -to O -act O -principally O -by O -inhibiting O -this O -uptake O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunological O -relationships O -of O -glyceraldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -3 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -, O -phosphohexose O -isomerase O -, O -aldolase O -and O -peptidase O -from O -various O -mammalian O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -Thyrostatic O -treatment O -for O -12 O -days O -caused O -regression O -of O -the O -hypercalcaemia O -and O -, O -after O -subtotal O -resection O -, O -serum O -calcium B-Chemical -levels O -and O -urinary O -calcium B-Chemical -excretion O -returned O -to O -normal O -for O -good O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -glass O -- O -coated O -microelectrode O -made O -of O -a O -stiff O -cobalt B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -nickel I-Chemical -alloy O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -To O -test O -the O -effects O -of O -perceived O -linguistic O -meaning O -on O -evoked O -potential O -( O -EP O -) O -waveform O -, O -an O -experiment O -was O -performed O -using O -the O -stimulus O -homophone O -" O -led O -" O -or O -" O -lead B-Chemical -" O -in O -the O -single O -ambiguous O -phrase O -" O -it O -was O -/ O -' O -led O -/ O -" O -. O - -aps B-category -Averaged O -visual O -evoked O -potentials O -recorded O -from O -three O -electrode O -placements O -in O -visual O -cortex O -in O -response O -to O -single O -and O -paired O -light O -flashes O -were O -acquired O -from O -rats O -with O -epileptogenic O -cobalt B-Chemical -implants O -or O -with O -stainless O -- O -steel O -control O -implants O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -day O -showing O -the O -maximum O -rate O -of O -spiking O -, O -excitability O -at O -the O -site O -of O -the O -cobalt B-Chemical -was O -markedly O -reduced O -following O -flash O -- O -triggered O -or O -spontaneous O -epileptic O -spikes O -in O -almost O -all O -cases O -. O - -aps B-category -Synchronization O -of O -the O -electrocorticogram O -by O -visceral O -and O -somatic O -bradykinin B-Chemical -stimulation O -in O -anesthetized O -cats O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -the O -injection O -of O -bradykinin B-Chemical -into O -arteries O -supplying O -visceral O -organs O -and O -somatic O -structures O -, O -a O -marked O -cortical O -synchronization O -was O -recorded O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -transection O -of O -the O -thoracolumbar O -spinal O -cord O -, O -synchronization O -failed O -to O -develop O -after O -hindlimb O -injections O -but O -continued O -to O -be O -seen O -after O -forelimb O -stimulation O -; O -similarly O -, O -partial O -denervation O -of O -a O -limb O -blocked O -the O -bradykinin B-Chemical -response O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -bradykinin B-Chemical -acts O -primarily O -on O -free O -nerve O -endings O -common O -to O -visceral O -and O -deep O -somatic O -tissue O -with O -convergence O -of O -impulses O -occurring O -at O -spinal O -and O -higher O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -progesterone B-Chemical -levels O -were O -reduced O -after O -a O -single O -injection O -of O -anti O -- O -LHRHG O -on O -day O -9 O -or O -10 O -, O -but O -not O -on O -day O -7 O -or O -12 O -of O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -clearly O -indicate O -that O -LHRH O -, O -by O -maintaining O -progesterone B-Chemical -secretion O -, O -is O -indispensable O -on O -days O -9 O -and O -10 O -of O -pregnancy O -for O -the O -maintenance O -of O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -PBI O -and O -ankle O -jerk O -time O -( O -AJT O -) O -were O -measured O -simultaneously O -in O -a O -group O -of O -not O -yet O -treated O -patients O -, O -where O -a O -relatively O -steady O -state O -of O -thyroid O -function O -was O -expected O -, O -and O -in O -a O -treated O -group O -, O -where O -change O -to O -lower O -thyroid O -function O -was O -supposed O -( O -thyrostatic O -drugs O -, O -near O -total O -thyroidectomy O -, O -radioablation O -of O -thyroid O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Reference O -line O -and O -covariance O -between O -log O -PBI O -and O -serum O -cholesterol B-Chemical -in O -decreasing O -thyroid O -function O -did O -not O -differ O -significantly O -from O -reference O -line O -and O -covariance O -in O -steady O -state O -, O -showing O -that O -serum O -cholesterol B-Chemical -accompanies O -closely O -and O -without O -greater O -delay O -the O -changing O -PBI O -. O - -aps B-category -Early O -reactivity O -of O -serum O -cholesterol B-Chemical -level O -and O -highly O -significant O -correlation O -with O -log O -PBI O -makes O -this O -parameter O -useful O -for O -longitudinal O -evaluation O -of O -therapy O -in O -individual O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -agreement O -with O -our O -previous O -studies O -the O -incubations O -of O -the O -ovary O -from O -the O -follicle O -phase O -of O -the O -cycle O -yields O -a O -profile O -of O -steroids B-Chemical -different O -from O -that O -of O -the O -ovary O -from O -the O -corpus O -luteum O -phase O -of O -the O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -biosynthesis O -of O -progesterone B-Chemical -, O -17alpha O -- O -hydroxyprogesterone O -, O -estrone O -and O -estradiol B-Chemical -represents O -a O -characteristic O -profile O -of O -steroids B-Chemical -of O -the O -ovaries O -from O -the O -corpus O -luteum O -phase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -influence O -of O -chlormadinone O -acetate O -on O -the O -two O -different O -profiles O -of O -steroids B-Chemical -indicated O -, O -that O -chlormadinone O -acetate O -exerts O -an O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -the O -3beta O -- O -hydroxysteroid O -- O -dehydrogenase O -- O -delta5 O -- O -4 O -- O -isome O - -aps B-category -An O -apparently O -direct O -inhibitory O -effect O -of O -oestrogen B-Chemical -on O -the O -human O -testis O -. O - -aps B-category -Hence O -, O -the O -" O -systemic O -antiandrogenic O -effect O -" O -of O -oestrogen B-Chemical -can O -be O -explained O -( O -1 O -) O -by O -indirect O -inhibition O -of O -testicular O -androgen B-Chemical -secretion O -via O -diminution O -of O -hypophyseal O -gonadotrophin O -secretion O -, O -( O -2 O -) O -by O -direct O -inhibition O -of O -testicular O -androgen B-Chemical -secretion O -and O -( O -3 O -) O -by O -elevation O -of O -the O -capacity O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -binding O -beta O -- O -globulin O -. O - -aps B-category -Luteinizing B-Chemical -hormone I-Chemical -( O -LH O -) O -and O -total O -testosterone B-Chemical -were O -determined O -by O -radioimmunoassay O -and O -the O -apparently O -free O -testosterone B-Chemical -by O -equilibrium O -dialysis O -before O -treatment O -, O -after O -8 O -days O -of O -treatment O -, O -and O -after O -30 O -days O -of O -the O -DSDP O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -antiandrogenic O -effect O -of O -this O -drug O -is O -attributed O -to O -either O -inhibition O -of O -testicular O -secretion O -caused O -by O -diminution O -of O -hypophyseal O -gonadotropin O -secretion O -or O -by O -direct O -inhibition O -of O -testicular O -androgen B-Chemical -secretion O -and O -by O -elevation O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -binding O -beta O -- O -globulin O -capacity O -. O - -aps B-category -Preliminary O -introduction O -of O -octadine O -( O -5 O -mg O -/ O -kg O -) O -had O -no O -material O -influence O -on O -the O -nature O -of O -the O -diethyphen O -action O -, O -but O -greatly O -weakened O -that O -of O -euphylline O -and O -reduced O -the O -effect O -of O -papaverine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -uranium O -nitrate B-Chemical -to O -rats O -is O -seen O -to O -be O -followed O -by O -a O -rise O -of O -the O -radio O -- O -iodide O -organic O -transformation O -constant O -and O -by O -a O -reduction O -in O -the O -proportion O -of O -the O -radio O -- O -iodide O -fraction O -released O -into O -the O -blood O -from O -the O -throid O -. O - -aps B-category -Tests O -set O -up O -on O -mice O -and O -rats O -brought O -evidence O -that O -spironolactone B-Chemical -, O -progesterone B-Chemical -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propionate I-Chemical -, O -methylandostendiol O -, O -desoxycorticosterone O -- O -acetate O -, O -methyltosterone O -, O -diethylstilbestrol B-Chemical -, O -preparation O -PCN O -, O -megesterol O -- O -acetate O -and O -mestranol O -disply O -a O -catatoxic O -action O -, O -whose O -degree O -depends O -upon O -the O -method O -of O -evaluation O -and O -the O -animal O -species O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -in O -the O -regulation O -of O -translatable O -messenger O -RNA O -for O -alpha2u O -globulin O -in O -rat O -liver O -. O - -aps B-category -Transfer O -of O -L O -- O -dihydrostreptose O -from O -dTDP O -- O -L O -- O -dihydrostreptose O -to O -streptidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -surface O -( O -HBsAg B-Chemical -) O -and O -core O -( O -HBcAg O -) O -antigens O -of O -hepatitis O -B O -virus O -( O -HBV O -) O -have O -been O -searched O -by O -optic O -microscopy O -in O -the O -liver O -specimens O -from O -patients O -hospitalized O -for O -various O -conditions O -and O -from O -38 O -HGsAg O -chronic O -carriers O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -28 O -HBsAg B-Chemical -seropositive O -patients O -, O -only O -3 O -showed O -positive O -staining O -: O -1 O -patient O -with O -acute O -viral O -hepatitis O -showed O -nuclear O -staining O -with O -anti O -- O -HBc O -; O -2 O -patients O -with O -postnecrotic O -cirrhosis O -showed O -cytoplasmic O -staining O -with O -anti O -- O -HBs O -and O -/ O -or O -orcein O -, O -and O -one O -of O -them O -also O -showed O -nuclear O -staining O -with O -anti O -- O -HBc O -. O - -aps B-category -Anti O -- O -HBs O -and O -orcein O -staining O -are O -equally O -sensitive O -and O -specific O -for O -the O -detection O -of O -HBsAg B-Chemical -in O -hepatocytes O -; O -discrepant O -results O -can O -be O -attributed O -to O -sampling O -error O -of O -distribution O -of O -HBsAg B-Chemical -in O -small O -liver O -fragments O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Investigations O -on O -the O -accumulation O -of O -radio B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bleomycin I-Chemical -in O -gynaecological O -tumors O -( O -author O -' O -s O -transl O -) O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -on O -the O -proliferation O -of O -reticular O -cells O -during O -the O -course O -of O -experimental O -amyloidosis O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -both O -IgM O -and O -IgG O -antibodies O -were O -induced O -by O -MBSA O -complexes O -of O -Trypanosoma O -brucei O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Elicitation O -of O -MAF O -by O -DNFB O -or O -DNP O -conjugate O -was O -inhibited O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -DNP O -glycine B-Chemical -; O -the O -activity O -of O -MAF O -induced O -by O -DNP O -conjugate O -( O -but O -not O -that O -induced O -by O -DNFB O -) O -was O -inhibited O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -DNP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glycine I-Chemical -as O -well O -. O - -aps B-category -Following O -intraperitoneal O -sensitisation O -of O -rats O -with O -rat O -serum O -containing O -reaginic O -antibody O -, O -intravenous O -injection O -of O -blue O -dye O -and O -intraperitoneal O -challenge O -with O -antigen O -caused O -a O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -slow O -- O -reacting O -substance O -of O -anaphylaxis O -( O -SRS O -- O -A O -) O -and O -dye O -into O -their O -peritoneal O -fluids O -. O - -aps B-category -BRL O -10833 O -, O -unlike O -DSCG O -, O -was O -active O -after O -oral O -administration O -, O -and O -for O -a O -given O -inhibition O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -it O -produced O -a O -greater O -effect O -on O -extravasation O -when O -given O -orally O -than O -when O -injected O -intraperitoneally O -. O - -aps B-category -IgE O -antibodies O -in O -patients O -allergic O -to O -rifampicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -antibodies O -cross O -- O -react O -with O -rifamycin O -SV O -and O -with O -the O -chromophoric O -moiety O -of O -rifamycins O -, O -but O -not O -with O -the O -side O -chain O -of O -rifampicin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Frequent O -administrations O -of O -adenosine B-Chemical -triphosphate I-Chemical -after O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -ethionine O -prevented O -the O -increases O -in O -liver O -triglyceride B-Chemical -and O -serum O -AFP O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Tritiated O -leucine B-Chemical -was O -injected O -into O -the O -vitreous O -of O -rhesus O -monkey O -eyes O -to O -make O -it O -available O -for O -protein O -synthesis O -by O -the O -ganglion O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Fixation O -of O -the O -murine O -tumour O -explants O -in O -alcoholic O -Bouin O -after O -culture O -did O -not O -alter O -the O -radioactive O -uptake O -and O -so O -routine O -histological O -examination O -of O -the O -tissue O -can O -be O -carried O -out O -after O -counting O -, O -which O -is O -a O -major O -advantage O -over O -[ O -3H O -] O -thymidine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -two O -growth O -tests O -, O -one O -employing O -EHRLICH O -ascites O -tumor O -cells O -in O -suspension O -culture O -, O -the O -other O -employing O -intact O -roots O -of O -wheat O -( O -Triticum O -sativum O -Lam O -) O -, O -the O -growth O -inhibiting O -action O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -( O -BLM O -) O -was O -shown O -to O -be O -intensified O -by O -human O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -mutant O -was O -also O -sensitive O -to O -ethylenediaminetetraacetic O -acid O -and O -penicillin B-Chemical -G I-Chemical -and O -intermediately O -sensitive O -to O -acriflavine B-Chemical -, O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -, O -sodium B-Chemical -deoxycholate I-Chemical -, O -actinomycin O -D O -, O -and O -lysozyme O -. O - -aps B-category -Procedures O -for O -the O -purification O -of O -catechol B-Chemical -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -dioxygenase O -from O -extracts O -of O -Acinetobacter O -calcoaceticus O -strain O -ADP O -- O -96 O -are O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -enzyme O -had O -a O -broad O -substrate O -specificity O -and O -catalyzed O -the O -oxidation O -of O -catechol B-Chemical -, O -4 O -- O -methylcatechol O -, O -3 O -- O -methylcatechol O -, O -and O -3 O -- O -isopropyl O -catechol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -subunit O -size O -determined O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -- O -gel O -electrophoresis O -was O -40 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -and O -spectral O -properties O -of O -1 O -, O -2 O -- O -dioxygenase O -are O -also O -presented O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chemical O -structure O -of O -the O -free O -form O -was O -compared O -with O -that O -of O -the O -bound O -form O -by O -( O -i O -) O -the O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -, O -( O -ii O -) O -the O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -, O -and O -( O -iii O -) O -the O -peptide O -analysis O -after O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -cleavage O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunoprecipitation O -of O -the O -lipoprotein O -with O -the O -antiserum O -was O -found O -to O -be O -very O -specific O -, O -since O -only O -the O -free O -form O -of O -the O -lipoprotein O -was O -found O -as O -a O -major O -peak O -when O -the O -antiserum O -was O -reacted O -with O -the O -whole O -envelope O -proteins O -solubilized O -in O -0 O -. O -2 O -% O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -, O -and O -the O -immunoprecipitate O -thus O -formed O -was O -analyzed O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effects O -of O -androgens B-Chemical -and O -estrogens B-Chemical -on O -the O -level O -of O -the O -messenger O -RNA O -coding O -for O -the O -male O -rat O -hepatic O -protein O -have O -been O -investigated O -. O - -aps B-category -Administration O -of O -estradiol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -17 I-Chemical -beta O -to O -intact O -male O -rats O -gradually O -diminishes O -the O -levels O -of O -alpha O -2u O -globulin O -in O -liver O -and O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -course O -of O -the O -disappearance O -of O -the O -alpha O -2u O -globulin O -mRNA O -following O -estrogen B-Chemical -treatment O -parallels O -the O -disappearance O -of O -the O -protein O -in O -liver O -cytosol O -and O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Although O -the O -liver O -had O -not O -been O -considered O -a O -primary O -target O -tissue O -for O -sex O -hormones O -, O -these O -results O -indicate O -that O -sex O -steroids B-Chemical -can O -affect O -certain O -hepatic O -functions O -in O -a O -manner O -consistent O -with O -the O -accepted O -model O -for O -the O -action O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -hormones O -on O -their O -target O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -sucrose B-Chemical -density O -gradient O -ultracentrifugation O -and O -gel O -chromatography O -( O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -200 O -) O -, O -HG O -factor O -activity O -eluted O -with O -IgG O -- O -containing O -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -0 O -. O -5 O -% O -basic O -fuchsin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propylene I-Chemical -glycol I-Chemical -solution O -was O -applied O -to O -the O -carious O -dentin O -of O -extracted O -and O -vital O -human O -teeth O -, O -and O -the O -depths O -of O -the O -fuchsin O -- O -stained O -dentin O -and O -the O -bacterial O -invasion O -were O -compared O -on O -histological O -sections O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -method O -utilizing O -allergen O -- O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -whole O -blood O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -clinical O -evaluation O -was O -correlated O -with O -the O -results O -of O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -There O -was O -excellent O -correlation O -between O -the O -clinical O -evaluation O -and O -the O -results O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -washed O -leukocytes O -in O -17 O -different O -individuals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -precision O -, O -accuracy O -, O -and O -sensitivity O -of O -the O -automated O -histamine B-Chemical -assay O -make O -feasible O -its O -routine O -application O -in O -the O -clinical O -study O -of O -allergic O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -( O -venom O -concentration O -for O -50 O -% O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -) O -were O -analyzed O -by O -linear O -regression O -analysis O -; O -there O -was O -no O -allergenic O -cross O -- O -reactivity O -between O -any O -of O -the O -venoms O -, O -except O -for O -a O -modest O -association O -between O -yellow O -hornet O -and O -white O -hornet O -venom O -. O - -aps B-category -Hereditary O -vibratory O -angioedema O -: O -confirmation O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -in O -a O -type O -of O -physical O -hypersensitivity O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -is O -suggested O -as O -the O -major O -mediator O -in O -this O -inherited O -physical O -hypersensitivity O -state O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -seven O -successive O -outdoor O -experiments O -, O -lindane B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -14C I-Chemical -was O -applied O -to O -lettuce O -or O -endive O -leaves O -as O -an O -aqueous O -formulation O -( O -about O -12 O -mg O -on O -20 O -plants O -for O -each O -experiment O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Studies O -were O -carried O -out O -to O -investigate O -possible O -contamination O -of O -pheasants O -with O -residues O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -used O -as O -seed O -dressings O -for O -the O -control O -of O -wireworms O -in O -cereal O -crops O -. O - -aps B-category -Light O -microscopic O -localization O -of O -labile O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -hypertrophied O -chondrocytes O -of O -long O -bone O -with O -alizarin O -red O -S O -. O - -aps B-category -Fresh O -blocks O -of O -epiphyseal O -cartilage O -approximately O -1 O -mm O -thick O -were O -immersed O -into O -0 O -. O -5 O -- O -2 O -% O -ARS O -solution O -containing O -7 O -% O -mounted O -on O -glass O -slides O -in O -7 O -% O -sucrose B-Chemical -or O -in O -glycerol O -- O -gelatin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -ARS O -- O -stained O -insoluble O -calcium B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -was O -stable O -even O -in O -dimethyl O -sulfoxide O -. O - -aps B-category -Since O -addition O -of O -7 O -% O -sucrose B-Chemical -retained O -as O -well O -as O -improved O -ARS O -localization O -of O -cellular O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -the O -calcium B-Chemical -was O -believed O -to O -be O -present O -in O -an O -osmotically O -sensitive O -, O -membrane O -- O -bound O -cytoplasmic O -compartment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -location O -and O -characteristics O -of O -carbohydrate O -- O -containing O -structures O -within O -the O -intact O -sheath O -of O -Volvox O -were O -studied O -by O -3 O -, O -3 O -' O -- O -diaminobenzidine O -tetrahydrochloride O -- O -osmium O -, O -colloidal O -iron B-Chemical -, O -colloidal O -thorium O -, O -ruthenium B-Chemical -red O -and O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -silver I-Chemical -methenamine O -staining O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -tripartite O -structure O -and O -internal O -fibrillar O -layer O -contain O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -reactive O -groups O -which O -do O -not O -occur O -in O -the O -external O -layer O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -anti O -- O -Ia O -sera O -directed O -against O -determinants O -of O -the O -mitomycin O -- O -treated O -stimulating O -cells O -markedly O -inhibited O -activation O -of O -T O -cells O -in O -the O -MLR O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -time O -course O -of O -the O -appearance O -of O -the O -antibodies O -, O -the O -dose O -- O -response O -curve O -of O -the O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -relation O -to O -antigen O -concentration O -, O -the O -sedimentation O -characteristics O -of O -the O -antibodies O -in O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -, O -and O -the O -ability O -to O -destroy O -the O -sensitizing O -capacity O -of O -the O -sera O -with O -heat O -suggest O -that O -the O -antibodies O -being O -assessed O -were O -of O -the O -IgE O -class O -. O - -aps B-category -Binding O -of O -phospholipase O -- O -A O -( O -Phos O -- O -A O -) O -, O -the O -major O -allergen O -in O -honey O -bee O -venom O -, O -was O -also O -shown O -to O -correlate O -significantly O -with O -inhibition O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -washing O -the O -cells O -were O -cytocentrifuged O -, O -fixed O -and O -relabeled O -with O -either O -peroxidase O -- O -( O -PO O -) O -of O -fluorescein B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -( O -Fl O -) O -conjugated O -anti O -- O -rabbit O -IgG O -antibodies O -( O -Method O -SC O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -silver B-Chemical -stains O -, O -used O -for O -some O -150 O -years O -, O -led O -to O -the O -discovery O -of O -the O -neurone O -theory O -and O -to O -contemporary O -comparative O -studies O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -( O -H O -) O -release O -and O -release O -of O -a O -slow O -reacting O -substance O -of O -anaphylaxis O -( O -SRS O -- O -A O -) O -occurred O -following O -exposure O -of O -the O -appropriate O -cells O -to O -AA O -or O -anti O -- O -IgE O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -endothelial O -cells O -were O -cultured O -with O -[ O -14C O -] O -proline O -, O -7 O -. O -1 O -% O -of O -the O -incorporated O -counts O -were O -present O -as O -[ O -14C O -] O -hydroxyproline B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Rabbit O -antisera O -to O -this O -material O -precipitated O -from O -[ O -35S O -] O -methionine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -labeled I-Chemical -detergent O -- O -solubilized O -cells O -, O -three O -proteins O -of O -39 O -, O -000 O -, O -34 O -, O -000 O -, O -and O -29 O -, O -000 O -daltons O -. O - -aps B-category -Electron O -microscopy O -of O -tobacco O -mosaic O -virus O -prepared O -with O -the O -aid O -of O -negative O -staining B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -carbon I-Chemical -film O -techniques O -. O - -aps B-category -Differential O -sensitivity O -of O -Rauscher O -murine O -leukaemia O -virus O -( O -MuLV O -- O -R O -) O -to O -interferons O -in O -two O -interferon B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -responsive I-Chemical -cell O -lines O -. O - -aps B-category -VSV O -replication O -was O -inhibited O -threefold O -( O -0 O -- O -5 O -log10 O -) O -in O -both O -cell O -lines O -by O -10 O -to O -20 O -units O -of O -interferon B-Chemical -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -in O -JLS O -- O -V9R O -cells O -, O -C O -- O -type O -virus O -replication O -was O -refractory O -to O -interferon B-Chemical -at O -concentrations O -up O -to O -1 O -x O -10 O -( O -4 O -) O -units O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -N O -- O -Acetylneuraminic O -acid O -molecules O -as O -possible O -serotonin B-Chemical -binding O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -uptake O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -( O -BLM O -) O -by O -various O -types O -of O -brain O -tumours O -after O -intravenous O -or O -intrathecal O -administration O -was O -investigated O -by O -bioassay O -in O -67 O -patients O -. O - -aps B-category -Recent O -evidence O -indicates O -that O -patients O -with O -myasthenia O -gravis O -( O -MG O -) O -have O -a O -reduced O -number O -of O -acetylcholine B-Chemical -receptors O -( O -Ach O -- O -R O -) O -at O -the O -neuromuscular O -junction O -. O - -aps B-category -Protein O -synthesis O -in O -zinc B-Chemical -deficient O -rats O -during O -tularemia O -. O - -aps B-category -Five O -weeks O -prior O -to O -infection O -with O -the O -live O -vaccine O -strain O -of O -Francisella O -tularensis O -, O -rats O -had O -been O -assigned O -to O -one O -of O -three O -dietary O -groups O -: O -zinc B-Chemical -deficient O -( O -- O -Zn O -) O -, O -pair O -- O -fed O -( O -PF O -) O -or O -ad O -libitum O -( O -AL O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -18 O -hour O -post O -infection O -, O -rats O -of O -all O -groups O -were O -febrile O -and O -exhibited O -an O -increased O -hepatic O -uptake O -of O -zinc B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -despite O -documented O -zinc B-Chemical -deficiency O -, O -rats O -subjected O -to O -the O -stress O -of O -infection O -respond O -by O -synthesizing O -increased O -amounts O -of O -acute O -phase O -globulins O -apparently O -at O -the O -expense O -of O -serum O -albumin O -and O -muscle O -protein O -synthesis O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -phthalate O -plasticizer O -on O -blood O -compatibility O -of O -polyvinyl O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -composition O -of O -adsorbed O -proteins O -on O -the O -methanol O -- O -cleansed O -surface O -differs O -from O -that O -on O -the O -uncleansed O -polyvinyl O -chloride B-Chemical -surface O -. O - -aps B-category -Techniques O -are O -described O -for O -the O -rapid O -loading O -of O -intact O -human O -red O -cells O -with O -radioactive O -isotopes O -of O -alkali B-Chemical -cations O -or O -Ca2 O -+ O -by O -using O -ionophorous O -compounds O -( O -nigericin O -, O -gramicidin O -D O -and O -A O -23187 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Seven O -patients O -with O -hyperthyroidism O -, O -diagnosed O -based O -on O -the O -determinations O -of O -BMR O -, O -131I O -- O -uptake O -, O -T3 O -- O -resin O -sponge O -uptake O -( O -T3 O -- O -RSU O -) O -, O -and O -serum O -level O -of O -thyroxine B-Chemical -( O -T4 O -) O -were O -subjected O -to O -the O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -propranolol B-Chemical -before O -( O -hyperthyroid O -state O -= O -H O -) O -and O -after O -( O -euthyroid O -state O -= O -E O -) O -anti O -- O -thyroid O -drug O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -soluble O -derivatives O -of O -baicalein O -, O -disodium O -baicalein B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -( O -BPS O -) O -and O -sodium B-Chemical -baicalein O -- O -6 O -- O -sulfate O -( O -BSS O -) O -, O -were O -synthesized O -and O -examined O -regarding O -their O -effects O -on O -hypersensitivity O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relation O -of O -perinatal O -mortality O -to O -plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urate I-Chemical -concentrations O -and O -blood O -- O -pressure O -was O -studied O -in O -332 O -pregnant O -patients O -with O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -urate I-Chemical -was O -a O -better O -indicator O -than O -blood O -- O -pressure O -of O -prognosis O -for O -the O -fetus O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspirin B-Chemical -and O -congenital O -malformations O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -data O -suggest O -that O -aspirin B-Chemical -is O -not O -teratogenic O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -cohort O -of O -41 O -337 O -gravidas O -and O -their O -offspring O -in O -the O -U O -. O -S O -. O -A O -. O -there O -was O -no O -evidence O -that O -aspirin B-Chemical -taken O -in O -pregnancy O -is O -a O -cause O -of O -stillbirth O -, O -neonatal O -death O -, O -or O -reduced O -birth O -- O -weight O -. O - -aps B-category -Menopausal O -flushing O -: O -does O -oestrogen B-Chemical -therapy O -make O -sense O -? O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -and O -secondary O -amenorrhoea O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Interferon B-Chemical -treatment O -of O -dendritic O -keratitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Red O -- O -blood O -- O -cell O -lithium B-Chemical -index O -and O -long O -- O -term O -maintenance O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -levels O -in O -inflammation O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Enzyme O -induction O -and O -increased O -serum B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -triglyceride I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Blood O -and O -tap O -- O -water O -lead B-Chemical -levels O -were O -examined O -in O -135 O -hypertensives O -and O -135 O -age O -and O -sex O -matched O -normotensives O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -positive O -correlation O -was O -found O -between O -blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lead I-Chemical -and O -tap O -- O -water O -lead B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Mean O -serum O -testosterone B-Chemical -and O -dihydrotestosterone O -concentrations O -were O -not O -significantly O -different O -in O -the O -two O -groups O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucagon O -and O -a O -greater O -triglyceride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lowering I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -effect I-Chemical -in O -hypertriglyceridaemic O -patients O -than O -in O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Lymphocyte O -- O -count O -in O -children O -treated O -with O -phenytoin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Corticosteroids O -, O -salbutamol B-Chemical -, O -and O -R O -. O -D O -. O -S O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Heparin B-Chemical -and O -embolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -propranolol I-Chemical -in O -inflammatory O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -a O -single O -dose O -of O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -on O -serum O -concentrations O -of O -thyroid O -hormones O -. O - -aps B-category -Induced O -tolerance O -in O -cold O -urticaria O -caused O -by O -cold O -- O -evoked O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Cold O -sensitivity O -was O -associated O -with O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -in O -venous O -blood O -draining O -urticated O -skin O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -induction O -of O -tolerance O -, O -no O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -occurred O -on O -challenge O -by O -cold O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -conclusion O -that O -tolerance O -is O -due O -to O -depletion O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -stores O -in O -skin O -after O -repeated O -cold O -exposure O -was O -supported O -by O -diminished O -wealing O -in O -response O -to O -injection O -of O -a O -histamine B-Chemical -liberator O -( O -compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -) O -in O -cold O -- O -tolerant O -skin O -. O - -aps B-category -Nine O -patients O -on O -maintenance O -haemodialysis O -with O -frequent O -muscle O -cramps O -were O -given O -320 O -mg O -quinine B-Chemical -sulphate O -or O -placebo O -( O -in O -an O -identical O -gelatin O -capsule O -) O -at O -the O -beginning O -of O -each O -dialysis O -for O -a O -period O -of O -12 O -weeks O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -haematological O -, O -auditory O -, O -or O -visual O -disturbances O -ascribed O -to O -quinine B-Chemical -sulphate O -were O -noted O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurements O -of O -plasma O -- O -renin O -, O -exchangeable O -sodium B-Chemical -, O -and O -blood O -- O -volume O -demonstrated O -that O -in O -both O -patients O -hypertension O -was O -due O -to O -excess O -renin O -. O - -aps B-category -Peptide O -transmitters O -: O -a O -unifying O -hypothesis O -for O -euphoria O -, O -respiration O -, O -sleep O -, O -and O -the O -action O -of O -lithium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Transmitter O -or O -modulator O -substances O -in O -the O -brain O -that O -have O -actions O -similar O -to O -morphine B-Chemical -may O -control O -these O -functions O -in O -man O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -theory O -predicts O -blocking O -action O -of O -naloxone B-Chemical -in O -mania O -and O -in O -most O -drug O -- O -induced O -euphorias O -. O - -aps B-category -60 O -patients O -with O -paracetamol B-Chemical -poisoning O -have O -been O -treated O -with O -intravenous O -cysteamine O -, O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -, O -or O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -and O -the O -incidence O -and O -severity O -of O -hepatic O -necrosis O -compared O -with O -those O -observed O -in O -70 O -patients O -receiving O -supportive O -therapy O -only O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -damage O -was O -absent O -or O -mild O -in O -17 O -patients O -given O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -methionine I-Chemical -within O -10 O -- O -12 O -hours O -of O -ingestion O -but O -severe O -in O -3 O -treated O -within O -10 O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -concluded O -that O -cysteamine O -prevents O -severe O -liver O -damage O -after O -paracetamol B-Chemical -poisoning O -if O -given O -within O -10 O -hours O -in O -adequate O -dosage O -. O - -aps B-category -Serial O -determinations O -of O -e O -antigen O -and O -e O -antibody O -were O -made O -in O -20 O -patients O -with O -chronic O -active O -liver O -disease O -and O -hepatitis B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBsAg B-Chemical -) O -or O -antibody O -( O -anti O -- O -HBs O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Topical O -therapy O -of O -ulcerative O -herpetic O -keratitis O -with O -human O -interferon B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -This O -provides O -the O -long O -- O -awaited O -data O -proving O -the O -antiviral O -effect O -of O -exogenous O -interferon B-Chemical -in O -treatment O -of O -naturally O -occurring O -viral O -disease O -in O -man O -, O -and O -furnishes O -a O -sighting O -shot O -on O -the O -lower O -edge O -of O -the O -target O -of O -effective O -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Thyroid O -storm O -and O -iodine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -131 I-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Hot O -flushes O -and O -oestrogen B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Transfer O -of O -ampicillin B-Chemical -resistance O -from O -Shigella O -dysenteriae O -type O -1 O -to O -Escherichia O -coli O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Combined O -sleep O -deprivation O -and O -clomipramine B-Chemical -in O -primary O -depression O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -mean O -concentration O -of O -IgA O -was O -normal O -and O -no O -individual O -subnormal O -values O -were O -observed O -in O -epileptic O -patients O -treated O -with O -or O -without O -hydantoins O -whose O -disease O -was O -thought O -to O -be O -secondary O -to O -traumatic O -or O -infectious O -events O -or O -to O -metabolic O -disturbances O -. O - -aps B-category -During O -surgical O -procedures O -in O -which O -nitrous B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -( O -N2O O -) O -anaesthesia O -was O -administered O -there O -was O -an O -increased O -concentration O -of O -both O -nitric B-Chemical -oxide I-Chemical -( O -NO O -) O -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -dioxide O -( O -NO2 O -) O -in O -operating O -- O -room O -air O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Effect O -of O -alcohol B-Chemical -upon O -symptoms O -of O -polyneuropathy O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Enhancement O -of O -bilirubin B-Chemical -clearance O -and O -hepatic O -haem O -turnover O -by O -ethanol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Blood B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -lead I-Chemical -and O -hypertension O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Rapid O -measurement O -of O -plasma B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -CCNU B-Chemical -and O -Bleomycin O -, O -alone O -or O -in O -combination O -, O -were O -used O -to O -treat O -397 O -evaluable O -cases O -of O -advanced O -cancer O -. O - -aps B-category -Drug O -- O -associated O -deaths O -( O -4 O -) O -included O -one O -each O -due O -to O -leukopenia O -and O -thrombocytopenia O -after O -CCNU B-Chemical -; O -one O -due O -to O -pulmonary O -toxicity O -after O -Bleomycin O -; O -and O -one O -due O -to O -shock O -after O -the O -20th O -dose O -of O -Bleomycin O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -them O -, O -for O -example O -, O -is O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -But O -enzyme O -induction O -can O -also O -lead B-Chemical -to O -acute O -intermittent O -porphyrias O -and O -distrubances O -of O -the O -phosphorus B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -calcium I-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Therapeutic O -prospects O -for O -asthmatic O -patients O -: O -histamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -liberators I-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -HBsAg B-Chemical -has O -been O -detected O -by O -immunodiffusion O -( O -ID O -) O -, O -electrosyneresis O -( O -ES O -) O -, O -complement O -fixation O -( O -CF O -) O -and O -radioimmunoassay O -( O -RIA O -, O -Kit O -Ausria O -I O -and O -II O -, O -Abbott O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -role O -played O -by O -serotonin B-Chemical -which O -is O -released O -by O -the O -blood O -platelets O -at O -the O -onset O -of O -the O -attack O -is O -twofold O -: O -on O -the O -one O -hand O -, O -free O -serotonin B-Chemical -increases O -the O -permeability O -of O -the O -capillaries O -, O -favouring O -transudation O -of O -plasmakinins O -, O -and O -lowers O -the O -pain O -threshold O -, O -while O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -its O -increased O -excretion O -causes O -a O -secondary O -reduction O -in O -its O -plasma O -concentration O -, O -promoting O -hypotonicity O -of O -the O -extracranial O -vessels O -. O - -aps B-category -Methysergide O -and O -pizotifene O -have O -a O -chiefly O -indirect O -effect O -on O -the O -vessels O -, O -by O -potentiating O -the O -effect O -of O -catecholamines B-Chemical -or O -helping O -to O -maintain O -free O -serotonin B-Chemical -at O -a O -certain O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -Combination O -chemothereapy O -with O -cis O -- O -diamminedichloroplatinum O -( O -II O -) O -and O -bleomycin B-Chemical -in O -tumors O -of O -the O -head O -and O -neck O -. O - -aps B-category -1 O -patient O -developed O -bleomycin B-Chemical -pulmonary O -toxicity O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -autopsy O -, O -this O -DOCA B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hypertensive I-Chemical -rat O -was O -found O -to O -have O -a O -form O -of O -hepatitis O -associated O -with O -proliferative O -activity O -, O -i O -. O -e O -. O -, O -cellular O -unrest O -, O -mitotic O -figures O -and O -oval O -cell O -hyperplasia O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -supposed O -that O -in O -the O -young O -sexually O -- O -mature O -female O -albino O -rats O -the O -functions O -of O -the O -adrenal O -glands O -and O -the O -thyroid O -gland O -were O -in O -direct O -relationship O -irrespective O -of O -the O -cyclic O -variations O -in O -the O -sex O -steroid B-Chemical -secretion O -; O -with O -the O -advance O -of O -age O -this O -association O -became O -deranged O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -if O -immunological O -tolerance O -to O -the O -major O -antigenic O -determinant O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -: O -a O -therapeutic O -approach O -to O -penicillin B-Chemical -allergy O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -treatment O -of O -such O -mice O -with O -the O -benzylpenicilloyl O -derivatized O -synthetic O -copolymer O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glutamic I-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -D O -- O -lysine O -, O -either O -before O -or O -after O -primary O -immunization O -, O -resulted O -in O -significant O -suppression O -of O -the O -subsequent O -anti O -- O -benzylpenicilloyl O -antibody O -responses O -of O -the O -IgE O -and O -IgG O -classes O -, O -as O -measured O -at O -the O -humoral O -and O -cellular O -levels O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -the O -criteria O -of O -molecular O -hybridization O -, O -we O -concluded O -that O -all O -of O -the O -transmitted O -virus O -isolates O -have O -nucleotide B-Chemical -sequences O -related O -to O -the O -genome O -of O -simian O -sarcoma O -virus O -( O -SiSV O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -purification O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -protein O -from O -the O -uterus O -of O -the O -laying O -hen O -. O - -aps B-category -Estimation O -of O -molecular O -size O -by O -gel O -filtration O -indicated O -a O -value O -of O -approximately O -28 O -, O -000 O -daltons O -for O -both O -the O -chick O -intestinal O -and O -hen O -uterine O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -phosphatidyl O -serine O -in O -rat O -mast O -cell O -reaction O -to O -dextran B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Also O -, O -spontaneous O -leakage O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -from O -the O -cells O -increased O -in O -the O -absence O -of O -Ca2 O -+ O -, O -and O -cell O -responsiveness O -was O -not O -completely O -restored O -by O -readding O -Ca2 O -+ O -. O - -aps B-category -Fine O -, O -well O -- O -localized O -catecholamine B-Chemical -histofluorescence O -is O -produced O -in O -cells O -, O -axons O -, O -and O -terminals O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -double O -antibody O -technique O -of O -electroimmunodiffusion O -, O -which O -uses O -glucose B-Chemical -oxidase O -- O -labelled O -sheep O -antibodies O -to O -rabbit O -immunoglobulins O -as O -second O -antibody O -, O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Chemical O -mediators O -of O -anaphylaxis O -( O -histamine B-Chemical -, O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -and O -SRS O -- O -A O -) O -released O -from O -horse O -lung O -and O -leukocytes O -in O -vitro O -. O - -aps B-category -Ioslated O -lung O -fragments O -incubated O -with O -bovine O -plasma O -liberated O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -, O -but O -not O -SRS O -- O -A O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -probably O -contribute O -to O -immediate O -- O -type O -hypersensitivity O -in O -horses O -whereas O -the O -role O -of O -SRS O -- O -A O -is O -not O -proved O -. O - -aps B-category -Barium B-Chemical -enema O -examinations O -and O -excretory O -urograms O -should O -be O -considered O -as O -diagnostic O -tests O -for O -any O -patient O -with O -a O -tumor O -of O -the O -duodenum O -to O -identify O -the O -contiguous O -carcinomas O -of O -the O -colon O -and O -kidney O -subject O -to O -long O -palliation O -. O - -aps B-category -14C B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -release O -assay O -: O -a O -new O -test O -for O -the O -study O -of O -surface O -determinants O -on O -activated O -lymphocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -washing O -, O -the O -slides O -are O -incubated O -in O -20 O -% O -aqueous O -AgNO3 O -containing O -0 O -. O -1 O -% O -CuSO4 O -for O -2 O -- O -30 O -minutes O -at O -37 O -C O -. O -Following O -development O -in O -a O -1 O -% O -solution O -of O -quinol O -( O -w O -/ O -v O -) O -5 O -% O -with O -respect O -to O -NaSO3 O -( O -w O -/ O -v O -) O -, O -axons O -and O -subneural O -apparatus O -stain O -dark O -brown O -to O -black O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -less O -well O -stained O -muscle O -fibers O -and O -nuclei O -. O - -aps B-category -Insect O -nervous O -tissue O -is O -fixed O -in O -a O -mixture O -of O -2 O -% O -paraformaldehyde O -and O -2 O -1 O -/ O -2 O -% O -glutaraldehyde O -in O -Millonig O -' O -s O -buffer O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -) O -before O -postfixation O -for O -12 O -hours O -in O -a O -solution O -brought O -to O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -with O -KOH O -containing O -2 O -% O -potassium B-Chemical -dichromate O -, O -1 O -% O -osmium O -tetroxide O -and O -2 O -% O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ultrathin O -sections O -are O -then O -cut O -and O -stained O -with O -uranyl O -acetate O -and O -lead B-Chemical -citrate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cut O -sections O -are O -placed O -, O -in O -order O -, O -in O -50 O -% O -alcohol B-Chemical -in O -the O -small O -wells O -of O -modified O -plastic O -trays O -where O -they O -become O -flat O -, O -pliable O -and O -suitable O -for O -subsequent O -handling O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -search O -for O -hematoxylin B-Chemical -substitutes O -26 O -dyes O -were O -more O -or O -less O -extensively O -tested O -for O -performance O -as O -nuclear O -stains O -, O -usually O -in O -combination O -with O -aluminum B-Chemical -, O -chronic O -, O -ferrous O -and O -ferric O -salts O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -successful O -dyes O -were O -phenocyanin O -TC O -, O -gallein O -, O -fluorone O -black O -, O -alizarin O -cyanin O -BB O -and O -alizarin O -blue O -S O -. O -Celestin O -blue O -B O -with O -an O -iron B-Chemical -mordant O -is O -quite O -successful O -if O -properly O -handled O -to O -prevent O -gelling O -of O -solutions O -. O - -aps B-category -Lyophilized O -T O -. O -pallidum O -is O -recontituted O -or O -purchased O -as O -a O -suspension O -, O -evenly O -dispersed O -, O -made O -into O -smears O -using O -alcohol B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -cleaned I-Chemical -slides O -and O -a O -bacteriological O -platinum B-Chemical -wire O -loop O -. O - -aps B-category -For O -observations O -on O -pigment O -distribution O -and O -Feulgen O -- O -DNA O -content O -in O -the O -same O -preparation O -, O -tubules O -are O -fixed O -in O -mercuric O -chloride B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -our O -procedure O -formalin B-Chemical -is O -used O -as O -a O -fixative O -. O - -aps B-category -Improved O -microradiographic O -contrast B-Chemical -for O -bone O -stain O -- O -historadiography O -. O - -aps B-category -Atomic O -absorption O -spectrometry O -detected O -no O -loss O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -from O -the O -sections O -during O -staining O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -combined O -acetylcholinesterase O -and O -silver B-Chemical -stain O -for O -demonstrating O -the O -intramuscular O -innervation O -of O -fresh O -frozen O -tissue O -is O -described O -. O - -aps B-category -Basophilic O -tissue O -components O -are O -stained O -gray O -to O -black O -by O -the O -hematoxylin B-Chemical -and O -blue O -or O -purple O -by O -the O -methylene O -blue O -- O -azure O -A O -combination O -; O -cell O -wall O -structures O -are O -colored O -by O -the O -safranin O -. O - -aps B-category -51040 O -, O -Mordant O -Violet O -54 O -, O -furnishes O -a O -blue O -black O -nuclear O -stain O -when O -applied O -to O -tissue O -sections O -in O -the O -form O -of O -its O -moderately O -stable O -iron B-Chemical -lakes O -. O - -aps B-category -Its O -aluminum B-Chemical -lake O -solutions O -tend O -to O -gel O -in O -a O -few O -minutes O -to O -24 O -hours O -depending O -on O -the O -solvent O -used O -and O -the O -amount O -of O -Al3 O -+ O -present O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirty O -- O -five O -of O -totally O -50 O -patients O -with O -carcinoma O -vulvae O -were O -treated O -with O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -results O -indicate O -that O -combined O -therapies O -using O -bleomycin B-Chemical -, O -surgery O -and O -radiation O -therapy O -were O -more O -effective O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -vulvar O -carcinoma O -than O -single O -treatments O -alone O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -after O -neuraminidase O -treatment O -, O -the O -tumor O -cells O -showed O -increased O -specific O -lysis O -with O -the O -antisera O -and O -complement O -. O - -aps B-category -All O -the O -' O -anonymous O -' O -strains O -were O -resistant O -to O -all O -the O -drugs O -except O -ethionamide O -and O -ethambutol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -total O -prevalence O -of O -resistance O -to O -isoniazid B-Chemical -was O -6 O -per O -cent O -and O -to O -streptomycin B-Chemical -4 O -per O -cent O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -lesion O -was O -composed O -of O -alveolar O -cells O -distended O -with O -material O -positive O -for O -periodic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Schiff I-Chemical -( O -PAS O -) O -and O -oil O -red O -O O -that O -ultrastructurally O -consisted O -of O -a O -whorled O -arrangement O -of O -lamellar O -membranes O -suggestive O -of O -a O -storage O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -decrease O -of O -serum O -phosphate B-Chemical -level O -beginning O -on O -the O -first O -day O -after O -starting O -parenteral O -nutrition O -was O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Anaphylaxis O -after O -epicutaneous O -ampicillin B-Chemical -test O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -our O -series O -ESR O -, O -serum O -iron B-Chemical -and O -alpha2 O -- O -globuline O -concentrations O -were O -the O -most O -sensitive O -metabolic O -parameters O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -author O -refers O -about O -different O -staining O -of O -the O -Purkinje O -- O -cells O -with O -luxol O -- O -fast O -- O -blue O -, O -gallocyanin O -, O -thionin O -and O -toluidin O -blue O -, O -chrom B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -alum I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hematoxylin I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phloxin I-Chemical -, O -impregnation O -according O -to O -Palmgren O -, O -lithium B-Chemical -and O -iron B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hematoxylin I-Chemical -, O -combination O -of O -the O -staining O -with O -phloxin O -and O -the O -Palmgren O -- O -impregnation O -and O -about O -the O -different O -activity O -on O -the O -acid O -phosphatase O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -silver B-Chemical -carbonate O -procedure O -according O -to O -Hortega O -allows O -to O -impregnate O -oligodendrocytes O -, O -microglial O -cells O -and O -astrocytes O -in O -frozen O -as O -well O -as O -in O -paraffin O -sections O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -differences O -in O -the O -ion O -exchanger O -affinity O -, O -molecular O -weight O -, O -template O -requirement O -, O -pH O -- O -dependence O -of O -enzymatic O -activity O -and O -NaCl B-Chemical -concentration O -, O -divalent O -ion O -requirements O -and O -susceptibility O -to O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -inhibition O -, O -fractions O -II O -, O -III O -and O -IV O -were O -classified O -as O -DNA O -- O -directed O -DNA O -polymerases O -beta O -, O -alpha O -and O -gamma O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -early O -purpuric O -lesions O -from O -6 O -patients O -with O -Schönlein O -- O -Henoch O -syndrome O -and O -from O -a O -patient O -with O -diseeminated O -vascular O -coagulation O -from O -acute O -allergic O -reaction O -to O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -, O -deposits O -of O -fibrinogen O -occurred O -mainly O -in O -the O -vessel O -walls O -. O - -aps B-category -Polyphloretin O -phosphate B-Chemical -( O -PPP O -) O -suppressed O -the O -reaction O -in O -controls O -but O -in O -patients O -with O -urticaria O -it O -increased O -the O -reactions O -to O -Trafuril O -and O -had O -little O -effect O -on O -the O -kallikrein O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -separate O -study O -using O -fibrinolysis O -autography O -, O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -( I-Chemical -PG I-Chemical -) I-Chemical -E2 I-Chemical -and O -PGF2alpha B-Chemical -depressed O -fibrinolysis O -in O -the O -skin O -of O -two O -pigs O -and O -both O -kallikrein O -and O -Trafuril O -suppressed O -fibrinolysis O -in O -human O -skin O -. O - -aps B-category -Several O -anomalies O -in O -the O -action O -of O -Trafuril O -in O -skin O -diseases O -can O -be O -explained O -if O -such O -prostaglandin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -activity O -is O -mediated O -in O -part O -through O -inhibition O -of O -fibrinolysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Melanin O -synthesis O -, O -as O -indicated O -by O -the O -uptake O -of O -tyrosine B-Chemical -in O -the O -presence O -of O -an O -inhibitor O -of O -protein O -synthesis O -, O -was O -significantly O -stimulated O -by O -DBcAMP O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -relation O -of O -HL O -- O -A O -antigens O -to O -liver O -histology O -in O -methotrexate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -treated I-Chemical -psoriatics O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -35 O -% O -HES O -solution O -in O -a O -0 O -. O -15 O -mol O -/ O -l O -sodium B-Chemical -chloride I-Chemical -solution O -was O -most O -favourable O -for O -freezing O -erythrocytes O -in O -liquid O -nitrogen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -These O -findings O -suggest O -that O -thyroid O -hyperfunction O -during O -pregnancy O -which O -is O -shown O -by O -progressively O -increased O -T3 O -, O -T4 O -, O -and O -PBI O -may O -not O -be O -due O -to O -high O -estrogen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -high I-Chemical -TBG O -binding O -capacity O -- O -low O -free O -thyroxinenegative O -feed O -back O -- O -high O -TSH O -secretion O -but O -to O -HCT O -originating O -from O -placenta O -. O - -aps B-category -Such O -a O -change O -in O -TBG O -binding O -capacity O -is O -well O -known O -to O -be O -caused O -by O -the O -effect O -of O -estrogen B-Chemical -which O -is O -progressively O -increased O -during O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -different O -oral O -anticoagulants O -on O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -( O -DPH O -) O -and O -tolbutamide O -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Warfarin B-Chemical -and O -phenindione O -did O -not O -affect O -DPH O -or O -tolbutamide O -half O -- O -lives O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -effect O -on O -DPH O -and O -tolbutamide O -metabolism O -could O -be O -demonstrated O -following O -administration O -of O -warfarin B-Chemical -and O -phenindione O -. O - -aps B-category -Selective O -topo O -- O -optical O -staining O -of O -vicinal O -OH O -groups O -with O -aldehyde B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -bisulphite I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -toluidine I-Chemical -blue O -( O -ABT O -) O -has O -been O -used O -for O -studying O -the O -molecular O -structural O -order O -of O -polysaccharide O -components O -in O -microbial O -cell O -walls O -and O -capsules O -. O - -aps B-category -Amino O -acid O -metabolism O -and O -protein O -synthesis O -in O -streptomycin B-Chemical -resistant O -Vibrio O -El O -Tor O -. O - -aps B-category -Efficiency O -of O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -protein O -synthesis O -is O -markedly O -reduced O -in O -streptomycin B-Chemical -resistant O -Vibrio O -El O -Tor O -. O - -aps B-category -Effect O -of O -various O -strains O -of O -R O -. O -meliloti O -and O -rhizobiophages O -on O -the O -yield O -and O -nitrogen B-Chemical -fixation O -in O -lucerne O -. O - -aps B-category -RS O -virus O -was O -centrifuged O -in O -zonal O -rotor O -on O -55 O -% O -sucrose B-Chemical -cushion O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -is O -generally O -considered O -as O -the O -principal O -chemical O -mediator O -in O -experimental O -allergy O -of O -type O -I O -and O -anaphylaxis O -. O - -aps B-category -ECFA O -, O -kinines O -, O -prostaglandins B-Chemical -and O -disorders O -of O -balance O -between O -, O -on O -one O -hand O -, O -alpha O -and O -beta O -- O -actions O -of O -the O -catecholamines B-Chemical -, O -and O -on O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -between O -the O -two O -main O -types O -of O -cyclic O -nucleotides O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -anti O -- O -Factor O -- O -VIII O -antibodies O -from O -hemophiliacs O -were O -reacted O -with O -samples O -of O -batches O -of O -Maws O -commerical O -bovine O -and O -porcine O -Factor B-Chemical -VIII I-Chemical -concentrates O -manufactured O -over O -a O -12 O -- O -year O -period O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -the O -older O -porcine O -concentrates O -, O -the O -low O -apparent O -concentrations O -may O -be O -in O -part O -due O -to O -the O -reaction O -of O -antibody O -with O -inactive O -Factor B-Chemical -VIII I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Nonfunctioning O -argyrophilic O -tumor O -( O -APUDoma O -) O -of O -the O -hepatic O -duct O -: O -simplified O -methods O -of O -detecting O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -in O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -FIF O -combined O -with O -histochemical O -procedures O -showing O -abundant O -alpha O -- O -glycerol O -phosphate B-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -and O -esterases O -indicates O -the O -neural O -crest O -origin O -of O -these O -and O -related O -neoplasms O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -isotope O -that O -was O -incorporated O -in O -cytoplasmic O -components O -associated O -with O -the O -slow O -phase O -of O -axoplasmic O -transport O -( O -3H O -leucine B-Chemical -) O -became O -concentrated O -in O -the O -temporal O -region O -of O -the O -optic O -nerve O -head O -, O -unevenly O -distributed O -within O -axons O -in O -the O -axonal O -bundles O -, O -and O -apparently O -accumulated O -in O -axons O -or O -glial O -cells O -, O -or O -both O -, O -in O -the O -lamina O -choroidalis O -and O -scleralis O -as O -a O -broad O -pulse O -of O -isotope O -moved O -across O -the O -optic O -nerve O -head O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -roles O -of O -several O -crude O -protein O -fractions O -in O -platelet O -aggregation O -and O -aspirin B-Chemical -' O -s O -inhibition O -of O -aggregation O -were O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Incubation O -of O -gel O -- O -filtered O -platelets O -with O -aspirin B-Chemical -labeled O -in O -the O -carboxyl O -position O -resulted O -in O -no O -uptake O -of O -the O -label O -. O - -aps B-category -Aspirin B-Chemical -can O -acetylate O -platelets O -and O -inhibit O -aggregation O -directly O -. O - -aps B-category -Streptozotocin B-Chemical -and O -renal O -amyloidosis O -in O -the O -Syrian O -hamster O -. O - -aps B-category -None O -of O -the O -lesions O -previously O -found O -after O -administration O -of O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -in O -the O -Chinese O -hamster O -were O -encountered O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -isolation O -of O -enzyme O -activity O -of O -some O -of O -these O -released O -mediator O -establishes O -a O -direct O -link O -between O -the O -immunological O -system O -and O -bradykinin B-Chemical -, O -as O -well O -as O -a O -system O -of O -self O -modulation O -of O -kinin O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -proved O -to O -be O -constitued O -of O -a O -polysaccharide O -( O -N O -- O -acetylglucosamine O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -mannose O -and O -2 O -- O -keto O -- O -3 O -- O -deoxyoctonic O -acid O -) O -, O -a O -protein O -and O -a O -phosphoglycerid O -moiety O -. O - -aps B-category -Changes O -in O -the O -activity O -of O -succinate O -dehydrogenase O -( O -mytochondria O -indicator O -enzyme O -) O -, O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -6 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphatase I-Chemical -( O -ribosome O -indicator O -enzyme O -) O -and O -aspartate B-Chemical -aminotransferase O -( O -cytoplasm O -indicator O -enzyme O -) O -were O -different O -for O -each O -antibiotic O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -supplementing O -a O -defined O -minimal O -medium O -[ O -glycerol O -, O -NH O -( O -4 O -) O -( O -+ O -) O -, O -tris O -( O -hydroxymethyl O -) O -aminomethane O -, O -salts O -] O -with O -each O -of O -the O -constituent O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -( O -in O -the O -l O -form O -) O -, O -we O -found O -that O -only O -l O -- O -phenylalanine O -had O -a O -marked O -stimulatory O -effect O -on O -gramicidin O -S O -production O -. O - -aps B-category -MnO2 O -reduction O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -by O -uninduced O -whole O -cells O -and O -cell O -extracts O -was O -strongly O -inhibited O -at O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -dicumarol O -, O -100 O -mM O -azide O -, O -and O -8 O -mM O -cyanide O -but O -not O -by O -atebrine O -or O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -, O -suggesting O -the O -involvement O -of O -a O -vitamin B-Chemical -K I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -type I-Chemical -quinone O -and O -a O -metalloenzyme O -in O -the O -electron O -transport O -chain O -. O - -aps B-category -MnO2 O -reduction O -with O -glucose B-Chemical -by O -induced O -whole O -cells O -and O -cell O -extracts O -, O -was O -inhibited O -by O -1 O -mM O -atebrine O -, O -0 O -. O -1 O -mM O -dicumarol O -, O -and O -10 O -mM O -cyanide O -but O -not O -by O -antimycin O -A O -, O -2n O -- O -nonyl O -- O -4 O -- O -hydroxyguinoline O -- O -N O -- O -oxide O -) O -( O -NOQNO O -) O -, O -4 O -, O -4 O -, O -4 O -- O -trifluoro O -- O -1 O -- O -( O -2 O -- O -thienyl O -) O -, O -1 O -, O -3 O -- O -butanedione O -, O -or O -carbon B-Chemical -monoxide I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -stimulatory O -effect O -of O -azide O -on O -induced O -cells O -was O -explained O -on O -the O -basis O -of O -a O -branching O -in O -the O -terminal O -part O -of O -the O -electron O -transport O -chain O -, O -one O -branch O -involving O -a O -metalloenzyme O -for O -the O -reduction O -of O -MnO2 O -and O -the O -other O -involving O -a O -metalloenzyme O -for O -the O -reduction O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Serum O -creatine B-Chemical -phosphokinase O -( O -CPK O -) O -levels O -were O -studied O -in O -individuals O -: O -40 O -psychotic O -children O -suffering O -from O -childhood O -autism O -, O -atypical O -personality O -development O -, O -and O -childhood O -schizophrenia O -; O -five O -children O -with O -childhood O -aphasia O -; O -22 O -children O -with O -severe O -personality O -disorders O -; O -29 O -normal O -children O -and O -normal O -siblings O -of O -psychotic O -children O -; O -and O -14 O -normal O -parents O -of O -psychotic O -children O -. O - -aps B-category -Creatine B-Chemical -phosphokinase O -levels O -remained O -relatively O -stable O -on O -test O -- O -retest O -determination O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Modification O -of O -Bowie O -' O -s O -method O -of O -demonstrating O -specific O -granules O -in O -cells O -of O -the O -human O -renal O -juxtaglomerular O -apparatus O -fixed O -in O -neutral O -formalin B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -achieve O -better O -staining O -, O -sections O -of O -material O -fixed O -in O -formalin B-Chemical -are O -additionally O -treated O -with O -Helly O -' O -s O -liquid O -and O -, O -following O -the O -removal O -of O -sublimate O -deposit O -, O -with O -a O -2 O -. O -5 O -% O -solution O -of O -potassium B-Chemical -bichromate O -. O - -aps B-category -Steroid B-Chemical -receptors O -in O -the O -human O -prostate O -. O - -aps B-category -Induction O -of O -particle O -- O -bound O -renin O -and O -arginine O -esterase O -by O -testosterone B-Chemical -in O -the O -mouse O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -mixture O -of O -histidine O -, O -cystine O -, O -and O -copper B-Chemical -mimicked O -gold B-Chemical -thiomalate O -, O -N O -- O -ethylmaleimide O -, O -and O -p O -- O -chloro O -- O -mercuribenzoic O -acid O -in O -inhibiting O -sulfhydryl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -disulfide I-Chemical -interchange O -- O -mediated O -denaturation O -of O -human O -gamma O -globulin O -, O -bovine O -serum O -albumin O -, O -and O -diluted O -human O -serum O -. O - -aps B-category -Rheumatoid O -factor O -( O -antigammaglobulin O -) O -in O -women O -: O -effects O -of O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptives I-Chemical -use O -of O -its O -prevalence O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -age O -- O -adjusted O -prevalence O -of O -rheumatoid O -factor O -was O -lower O -in O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -users O -than O -in O -nonusers O -but O -this O -difference O -was O -not O -statistically O -significant O -. O - -aps B-category -Purification O -involves O -the O -isolation O -of O -membrane O -- O -bound O -polysomes O -, O -oligo O -( O -dT O -) O -- O -cellulose O -chromatography O -, O -and O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -centrifugation O -under O -conditions O -favoring O -denaturation O -of O -polynucleotide O -complexes O -. O - -aps B-category -Circular O -dichroism O -( O -CD O -) O -of O -serum O -alpha1 O -- O -acid O -glycoprotein O -, O -urinary O -Bence O -Jones O -protein O -, O -human O -carbonic O -anhydrase O -B O -, O -deoxyribonuclease O -from O -bovine O -pancreas O -, O -porcine O -pepsinogen O -, O -and O -plasminogen O -from O -human O -serum O -was O -tested O -in O -the O -absence O -and O -presence O -of O -0 O -. O -005 O -- O -0 O -. O -05 O -M O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -CD O -bands O -of O -the O -native O -proteins O -in O -the O -250 O -- O -350 O -nm O -spectral O -zone O -were O -extinguished O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -, O -and O -new O -weak O -bands O -were O -observed O -the O -positions O -of O -which O -corresponded O -approximately O -to O -those O -of O -the O -native O -proteins O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -low O -salt B-Chemical -concentrations O -the O -enzymes O -existed O -at O -high O -molecular O -weight O -complexes O -, O -which O -were O -dissociated O -by O -increasing O -the O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -above O -1 O -. O -0 O -M O -( O -NaCl B-Chemical -, O -KCl O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -gel O -filtration O -, O -apparent O -molecular O -weights O -of O -160 O -000 O -( O -p B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tosyl I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -L I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -arginine I-Chemical -methyl O -ester O -esterase O -) O -, O -90 O -000 O -( O -main O -procollagenase O -activator O -) O -and O -36 O -000 O -benzoyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tyrosine I-Chemical -ethyl O -ester O -esterase O -) O -were O -determined O -. O - -aps B-category -Glucose B-Chemical -oxidases O -( O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -D I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -: O -oxygen B-Chemical -1 O -- O -oxidoreductase O -, O -EC O -1 O -. O -1 O -. O -3 O -. O -4 O -) O -from O -two O -fungal O -genera O -( O -Aspergillus O -and O -Penicillium O -) O -were O -studied O -chemically O -, O -physicochemically O -and O -immunologically O -to O -elucidate O -the O -similarities O -and O -dissimilarities O -between O -these O -enzymes O -. O - -aps B-category -Temperature O -- O -jump O -- O -induced O -release O -of O -hydrogen B-Chemical -ions O -from O -chloroplasts O -and O -its O -relaxation O -characteristics O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -ionophores O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -the O -sex O -chromosomes O -as O -well O -as O -the O -autosomes O -bear O -specific O -G O -- O -Bands O -. O - -aps B-category -Unresectable O -squamous O -cell O -carcinoma O -of O -the O -lung O -and O -its O -management O -by O -combined O -bleomycin B-Chemical -and O -radiotherapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Simultaneous O -exposure O -to O -bleomycin B-Chemical -and O -gamma O -radiation O -enhances O -killing O -of O -both O -sensitive O -and O -resistant O -lines O -. O - -aps B-category -Unlike O -previously O -published O -data O -, O -responders O -appeared O -to O -have O -a O -significant O -survival O -advantage O -over O -nonreponders O -, O -suggesting O -that O -bleomycin B-Chemical -may O -be O -slightly O -effective O -in O -inhibiting O -the O -development O -of O -systemic O -metastasis O -, O -and O -that O -it O -positively O -enhanced O -local O -control O -of O -primary O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -Discontinuation O -of O -azathioprine B-Chemical -and O -addition O -of O -chemotherapy O -( O -bleomycin B-Chemical -and O -vincristine B-Chemical -) O -, O -while O -continuing O -prednisone B-Chemical -to O -maintain O -functional O -survival O -of O -renal O -allograft O -, O -has O -led O -in O -this O -patient O -to O -regression O -of O -extensive O -cutaneous O -and O -suspected O -pulmonary O -Kaposi O -' O -s O -sarcoma O -lesions O -. O - -aps B-category -Adults O -with O -previously O -treated O -acute O -nonlymphocytic O -leukemia O -received O -either O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -or O -guanazole O -in O -a O -randomized O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -Both O -the O -time O -taken O -to O -reach O -the O -nadir O -white O -blood O -coung O -( O -median O -, O -14 O -days O -) O -and O -theduration O -of O -the O -nadir O -( O -median O -, O -17 O -days O -) O -were O -long O -after O -each O -course O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -, O -particularly O -for O -those O -patients O -who O -achieved O -a O -remission O -. O - -aps B-category -Survival O -from O -the O -start O -of O -therapy O -was O -clearly O -longer O -for O -the O -patients O -receiving O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -( O -median O -140 O -days O -) O -because O -of O -the O -prolongation O -of O -survival O -seen O -in O -the O -responding O -patients O -( O -median O -266 O -+ O -days O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Detergent O -- O -washed O -nuclei O -are O -disrupted O -in O -0 O -. O -4 O -M O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -, O -which O -also O -disociated O -contamination O -polysomes O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -rapid O -and O -systematic O -changes O -in O -the O -axoplasmic O -reticulum O -, O -known O -to O -store O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -lead B-Chemical -us O -to O -envisage O -a O -role O -for O -this O -system O -- O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -the O -sarcoplasmic O -reticulum O -- O -in O -controlling O -the O -transport O -of O -NS O -vesicles O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -frequent O -negative O -results O -using O -A O -. O -fumigatus O -antigens O -, O -evidence O -of O -T O -- O -lymphocyte O -sensitization O -to O -either O -Candida O -albicans O -or O -Mycobacterium O -tuberculosis O -or O -both O -, O -was O -shown O -by O -positive O -delayed O -hypersensitivity O -skin O -responses O -and O -in O -vitro O -inhibition O -of O -leucocyte O -migration O -in O -the O -majority O -of O -the O -patients O -, O -despite O -which O -lymphocyte O -transformation O -was O -often O -negative O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -Hartley O -guinea O -- O -pig O -has O -been O -shown O -consistently O -to O -form O -antibody O -to O -ox O -insulin O -, O -when O -given O -in O -a O -water O -- O -in O -- O -oil O -emulsion O -containing O -pertussis B-Chemical -vaccine I-Chemical -as O -adjuvant O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -procedures O -do O -not O -significantly O -affect O -production O -of O -anaphylactic O -antibodies O -or O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -following O -induction O -of O -anaphylaxis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -immunogens O -were O -administered O -in O -water O -- O -in O -- O -oil O -emulsions O -containing O -pertussis B-Chemical -vaccine I-Chemical -as O -adjuvant O -. O - -aps B-category -Modulation O -of O -transmitter O -release O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -ions O -and O -nerve O -impulses O -. O - -aps B-category -Because O -the O -serotonergic O -vesicle O -appears O -to O -be O -more O -stable O -to O -isolation O -than O -the O -cholinergic O -vesicle O -and O -because O -serotonin B-Chemical -, O -like O -other O -transmitter O -molecules O -with O -primary O -amino B-Chemical -groups O -, O -can O -be O -fixed O -into O -tissue O -with O -aldehyde B-Chemical -fixatives O -, O -we O -were O -able O -to O -show O -that O -serotonergic O -vesicles O -, O -originating O -from O -the O -cell O -body O -, O -are O -transported O -in O -both O -branches O -of O -the O -axon O -by O -fast O -axonal O -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -18 O -patients O -with O -advanced O -Hodgkin O -' O -s O -disease O -, O -refractory O -to O -previous O -' O -C O -- O -MOPP O -' O -treatment O -, O -a O -new O -therapeutic O -protocol O -of O -adriamycin B-Chemical -, O -DTIC B-Chemical -, O -CCNU B-Chemical -and O -bleomycin B-Chemical -was O -introduced O -. O - -aps B-category -Depending O -on O -the O -metachromasia O -of O -acridine O -- O -orange O -and O -on O -double O -- O -fluorescing O -with O -acridine O -- O -orange O -and O -9 O -- O -aminoacridine O -chloride B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -1 I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -hydrate I-Chemical -, O -the O -bacterial O -cell O -wall O -is O -green O -, O -the O -protoplasma O -red O -. O - -aps B-category -Depletion O -of O -mast O -cell O -ATP O -inhibits O -complement O -- O -dependent O -cytotoxic O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -subjects O -with O -primary O -disorders O -of O -the O -hypothalamus O -, O -pituitary O -, O -or O -gonads O -, O -replacement O -therapy O -with O -androgens B-Chemical -or O -estrogens B-Chemical -is O -indicated O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -data O -confirm O -the O -specific O -association O -between O -the O -e O -determinant O -and O -hepatitis O -B O -infections O -and O -indicate O -that O -e O -antigen O -is O -closely O -associated O -with O -evidence O -of O -chronic O -hepatic O -dysfunction O -, O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -association O -of O -e O -antibody O -with O -hepatic O -normalcy O -in O -HBsAg B-Chemical -carriers O -. O - -aps B-category -One O -hundred O -liver O -biopsies O -from O -100 O -patients O -with O -clinical O -presumptive O -diagnosis O -of O -hepatitis O -were O -examined O -by O -immunofluorescence O -for O -the O -presence O -of O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBSAg O -) O -and O -hepatitis O -B O -core O -antigen O -( O -HBcAg O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -the O -60 O -tissue O -- O -positive O -cases O -, O -3 O -subjects O -were O -HBsAg B-Chemical -seronegative O -. O - -aps B-category -HBcAg O -and O -membrane O -- O -localized O -HBsAg B-Chemical -were O -minimal O -in O -those O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -HBsAg B-Chemical -expression O -in O -liver O -cell O -membranes O -was O -most O -prominent O -in O -active O -forms O -of O -chronic O -hepatitis O -( O -chronic O -aggressive O -hepatitis O -and O -in O -active O -cirrhosis O -) O -and O -in O -acute O -hepatitis O -with O -signs O -of O -transition O -to O -chronicity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -over O -- O -all O -results O -show O -a O -significant O -relationship O -between O -the O -different O -degrees O -of O -accumulation O -of O -HBsAg B-Chemical -and O -HBcAg O -in O -the O -liver O -and O -the O -various O -histological O -types O -of O -hepatitis O -and O -further O -suggest O -an O -interplay O -of O -both O -hepatitis O -B O -virus O -and O -host O -immune O -response O -in O -the O -development O -and O -pathogenesis O -of O -hepatitis O -B O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -of O -mammalian O -cell O -mutants O -deficient O -in O -glucose B-Chemical -6 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -dehydrogenase O -by O -means O -of O -a O -replica O -- O -plating O -technique O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -reduced O -alkali B-Chemical -sensitivity O -of O -the O -chromosomes O -and O -the O -reverse O -banding O -pattern O -formation O -observed O -are O -probably O -the O -result O -of O -a O -chromatin O -stabilization O -by O -the O -divalent O -cations O -of O -the O -alkaline O -earth O -metals O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -by O -immunoadsorption O -of O -the O -antibody O -response O -against O -three O -large O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -peptides O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -release O -of O -3H O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -from O -murine O -mast O -cells O -is O -shown O -to O -be O -a O -simple O -reproducible O -method O -for O -studying O -the O -activation O -of O -such O -cells O -by O -various O -agents O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -gel O -diffusion O -analysis O -, O -antitoxin O -detected O -antigenic O -determinants O -on O -toxin O -which O -were O -not O -available O -on O -toxoid O -, O -indicating O -that O -some O -determinants O -had O -been O -lost O -or O -altered O -by O -formalin B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -was O -a O -polysaccharide O -composed O -of O -49 O -% O -rhamnose O -and O -47 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -An O -analysis O -of O -the O -antigen O -released O -from O -the O -antigen O -- O -glucan O -antiserum O -complex O -showed O -the O -presence O -of O -rhamnose O -and O -glucose B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -major O -fraction O -( O -eI O -) O -was O -identified O -as O -a O -polysaccharide O -composed O -of O -37 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -, O -56 O -% O -rhamnose O -, O -5 O -% O -protein O -, O -and O -0 O -. O -3 O -% O -phosphorus B-Chemical -, O -whereas O -the O -minor O -fraction O -( O -eII O -) O -contained O -66 O -% O -protein O -in O -addition O -to O -10 O -% O -glucose B-Chemical -and O -17 O -% O -rhamnose O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -a O -significantly O -stronger O -inhibition O -by O -cellobiose O -of O -type O -e O -serum O -than O -of O -group O -E O -serum O -indicates O -that O -a O -beta O -- O -linked O -glucose B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -glucose I-Chemical -dimer O -is O -the O -predominant O -antigenic O -determinant O -of O -the O -e O -specificity O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Positive O -immunological O -responses O -to O -contrast B-Chemical -media I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -much O -later O -( O -after O -greater O -than O -30 O -h O -) O -, O -when O -the O -cell O -remnants O -had O -undergone O -a O -further O -slow O -" O -decay O -" O -process O -, O -did O -they O -stain O -with O -trypan B-Chemical -blue I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -TER O -of O -Küpffer O -cells O -in O -the O -liver O -stained O -intensely O -in O -contrast B-Chemical -to O -the O -ER O -of O -the O -parenchymal O -cells O -, O -which O -stained O -only O -weakly O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -normal O -and O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Dopa I-Chemical -treated O -rabbits O -and O -mice O -, O -combined O -immunochemical O -methods O -, O -photonic O -histological O -methods O -for O -endocrine O -cells O -and O -ultrastructural O -methods O -were O -used O -to O -elucidate O -ultrastructure O -and O -properties O -of O -somatostatin O -cells O -of O -the O -antral O -mucosa O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -Dopa I-Chemical -treated O -animals O -somatostatin O -cells O -gave O -formaldehyde O -induced O -fluorescence O -( O -they O -were O -included O -in O -GIC O -cells O -, O -thus O -in O -Apud O -group O -) O -, O -exhibited O -a O -good O -reaction O -with O -Grimelius O -and O -Sevier O -- O -Munger O -methods O -. O - -aps B-category -Acid O -phosphatase O -activity O -is O -demonstrated O -employing O -p O -- O -nitrophenyl O -phosphate B-Chemical -as O -substrate O -and O -lead B-Chemical -acetate I-Chemical -as O -coupler O -. O - -aps B-category -Test O -- O -tube O -experiments O -proved O -that O -alkaline O -lead B-Chemical -citrate B-Chemical -( O -Reynolds O -, O -1963 O -) O -, O -which O -is O -generally O -used O -as O -an O -electron O -- O -opaque O -stain O -, O -specifically O -reacts O -with O -precipitates O -formed O -by O -glutaraldehyde O -and O -biogenic O -amines B-Chemical -( O -indolamines O -, O -primary O -catecholamines B-Chemical -) O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -quantitative O -assay O -of O -covalently O -bound O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -derivatives O -in O -cephalosporin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -protein I-Chemical -conjugates O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -molecular O -weight O -of O -the O -fragment O -by O -gel O -filtration O -on O -calibrated O -Sephadex O -G O -- O -100 O -columns O -and O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -electrophoresis O -was O -22 O -, O -500 O -. O - -aps B-category -From O -its O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -, O -sequence O -of O -the O -first O -20 O -residues O -, O -and O -actions O -of O -carboxypeptidases O -A O -or O -B O -, O -it O -was O -unequivocally O -assigned O -to O -positions O -377 O -- O -571 O -in O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -purified O -plasma O -proteins O -on O -testosterone B-Chemical -uptake O -and O -metabolism O -by O -normal O -and O -hyperplastic O -human O -prostate O -in O -" O -constant O -- O -flow O -organ O -culture O -" O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -steady O -state O -, O -the O -explants O -were O -washed O -and O -homogenized O -, O -and O -the O -total O -radioactivity O -, O -radioactive O -testosterone B-Chemical -, O -androstanolone O -( O -17 O -beta O -- O -hydroxyandrostan O -- O -3 O -- O -one O -) O -, O -androstane O -- O -3 O -alpha O -, O -17 O -beta O -- O -diol O -, O -and O -androstane O -- O -3 O -beta O -, O -17 O -beta O -- O -diol O -were O -determined O -after O -the O -addition O -of O -the O -corresponding O -internal O -14C O -standards O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -concentration O -of O -unbound O -testosterone B-Chemical -in O -protein O -- O -supplemented O -culture O -media O -was O -measured O -separately O -by O -equilibrium O -dialysis O -. O - -aps B-category -Androstanolone O -represented O -about O -2 O -/ O -3 O -, O -testosterone B-Chemical -1 O -/ O -10 O -, O -and O -the O -two O -androstanediols O -together O -1 O -/ O -10 O -of O -the O -total O -radioactivity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -experiments O -with O -SBP O -( O -6 O -- O -135 O -nM O -) O -, O -the O -concentrations O -of O -unbound O -testosterone B-Chemical -in O -the O -superfusion O -medium O -were O -reduced O -to O -the O -same O -levels O -as O -in O -the O -experiments O -with O -HSA O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -addition O -, O -SBP O -altered O -the O -metabolism O -of O -testosterone B-Chemical -: O -the O -androstanolone O -/ O -testosterone B-Chemical -ratio O -in O -the O -prostate O -explants O -was O -critically O -dependent O -upon O -the O -SBP O -concentration O -in O -the O -superfusion O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Only O -patients O -who O -were O -clinically O -euthyroid O -and O -had O -normal O -serum O -thyroxine B-Chemical -( O -T4 O -) O -, O -triiodothyronine O -( O -T3 O -) O -, O -and O -thyrotropin B-Chemical -( O -TSH O -) O -concentrations O -were O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -Quantitative O -measurements O -of O -antibodies O -and O -correlation O -with O -inhibition O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -Blocking O -activity O -in O -the O -nasal O -washings O -was O -measured O -by O -inhibition O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -and O -was O -found O -to O -correlate O -directly O -( O -rs O -+ O -0 O -. O -85 O -, O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -001 O -) O -with O -binding O -activity O -for O -AgE O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -by O -dilutions O -of O -the O -IgA O -- O -rich O -and O -IgG O -- O -rich O -fractions O -correlated O -well O -with O -binding O -activity O -in O -these O -fractions O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -, O -one O -of O -the O -mediators O -involved O -in O -the O -IgE O -- O -mediated O -reaction O -, O -was O -demonstrated O -to O -influence O -in O -vivo O -and O -in O -vitro O -components O -of O -cellular O -- O -immune O -reactions O -in O -orthochlorbenzoyl O -- O -bovine O -gamma O -globulin O -- O -immune O -guinea O -pigs O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -histamine B-Chemical -suppression O -of O -cutaneous O -delayed O -hypersensitivity O -could O -be O -accounted O -for O -in O -part O -by O -its O -inhibitory O -effect O -on O -certain O -lymphocyte O -responses O -including O -antigen O -- O -induced O -migration O -inhibitory O -factor O -( O -MIF O -) O -production O -and O -proliferation O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -did O -not O -interfere O -with O -the O -macrophage O -response O -to O -preformed O -MIF O -. O - -aps B-category -Inhibition O -is O -given O -by O -glycopeptides O -bearing O -oligosaccharide O -units O -rich O -in O -sialic O -acid O -, O -galactose B-Chemical -, O -N O -- O -acetylglucosamine O -, O -and O -mannose O -linked O -to O -asparagine O -residues O -through O -glycosylamine O -bonds O -. O - -aps B-category -Stepwise O -degradation O -of O -fetuin O -glycopeptide O -established O -the O -galactose B-Chemical -residues O -as O -important O -determinants O -of O -inhibitory O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Estrogens B-Chemical -along O -resulted O -in O -no O -significant O -change O -in O -prostatic O -weight O -, O -whereas O -androstanediol O -produced O -growth O -comparable O -to O -that O -in O -uncastrated O -controls O -. O - -aps B-category -Approximately O -half O -the O -animals O -receiving O -androstanediol O -alone O -and O -all O -of O -those O -receiving O -androstanediol O -plus O -estradiol B-Chemical -fulfill O -the O -weight O -and O -histological O -criteria O -for O -prostatic O -hypertrophy O -in O -the O -dog O -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -and O -SRS O -- O -a O -release O -from O -leukocytes O -of O -sensitive O -patients O -followed O -challenge O -with O -whole O -bee O -venom O -and O -PLA O -in O -the O -majority O -of O -instances O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -utilizing O -the O -birefringence O -of O -the O -accumulations O -as O -a O -marker O -, O -it O -was O -determined O -that O -, O -unlike O -natural O -cholesterol B-Chemical -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -esters O -, O -the O -striated O -material O -was O -resistant O -to O -acetone O -and O -ethanol B-Chemical -extraction O -. O - -aps B-category -Based O -on O -this O -lead B-Chemical -, O -biochemical O -studies O -have O -just O -revealed O -a O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -abnormality O -in O -adrenoleukodystrophy O -which O -appears O -to O -be O -unique O -to O -this O -genetic O -disease O -. O - -aps B-category -X O -- O -ray O -microanalysis O -of O -pyroantimonate O -- O -fixed O -sperm O -cells O -indicates O -the O -retention O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -and O -zinc B-Chemical -subcellularly O -in O -similar O -proportions O -to O -air O -dried O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -CAlcium O -and O -zinc B-Chemical -are O -found O -present O -intracellularly O -both O -in O -association O -with O -and O -independent O -of O -antimonate O -precipitation O -. O - -aps B-category -immunoglobulins O -is O -that O -the O -unreduced O -proteins O -are O -partially O -dissociated O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -. O - -aps B-category -Release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -from O -human O -basophils O -was O -induced O -by O -activation O -of O -complement O -using O -zymosan O -. O - -aps B-category -Complement O -- O -induced O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -compared O -with O -allergic O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -which O -is O -mediated O -through O -appropriate O -allergens O -and O -reaginic O -IgE O -. O - -aps B-category -Calcium B-Chemical -was O -required O -for O -complement O -- O -mediated O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -and O -an O -increasing O -response O -was O -observed O -up O -to O -physiologic O -concentrations O -( O -2 O -mM O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -When O -basophils O -were O -partly O -enriched O -by O -depletion O -of O -neutrophils O -and O -eosinophils O -, O -the O -percentage O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -released O -by O -complement O -was O -unchanged O -. O - -aps B-category -Analysis O -of O -the O -diversity O -of O -murine O -antibodies O -to O -dextran B-Chemical -B1355 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dextran I-Chemical -antibodies O -were O -distributed O -among O -both O -7S O -and O -19S O -components O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -antiserum O -demonstrated O -that O -some O -, O -but O -not O -all O -, O -of O -the O -7S O -and O -19S O -anti B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dextran I-Chemical -antibodies O -possessed O -variable O -region O -determinants O -cross O -- O -reactive O -with O -M104 O -. O - -aps B-category -Certain O -formyl O -dipeptides O -and O -tripeptides O -containing O -methionine B-Chemical -released O -histamine B-Chemical -from O -human O -basophils O -at O -concentrations O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -4 O -) O -to O -10 O -( O -- O -7 O -) O -M O -. O -However O -, O -N O -- O -formyl O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -did O -not O -release O -histamine B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -human O -basophils O -by O -these O -peptides O -correlated O -well O -with O -their O -chemotactic O -activity O -for O -rabbit O -leukocytes O -. O - -aps B-category -Release O -of O -eosinophil O -chemotactic O -factor O -( O -ECF O -) O -and O -histamine B-Chemical -was O -studied O -peripheral O -leukocytes O -of O -16 O -normal O -and O -12 O -ragweed O -allergic O -volunteers O -and O -compared O -to O -15 O -patients O -with O -chronic O -urticaria O -. O - -aps B-category -Subunit O -vaccines O -containing O -hemagglutinin O -, O -neuraminidase O -, O -and O -nucleocapsids O -of O -A O -/ O -Port O -Chalmers O -/ O -1 O -/ O -73 O -( O -H3N2 O -) O -influenza O -virus O -were O -prepared O -after O -treatment O -of O -purified O -virus O -with O -ammonium B-Chemical -deoxycholate O -. O - -aps B-category -Rana O -catesbiana O -adult O -frogs O -and O -tadpoles O -were O -immunized O -with O -the O -bacteriophage O -F2 O -, O -0X O -- O -174 O -, O -and O -T4 O -and O -the O -haptens O -2 O -, O -4 O -dinitrophenyl O -( O -DNP O -) O -and O -fluorescein B-Chemical -( O -FTC O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Measurement O -of O -diphenylhydantoin B-Chemical -and O -phenobarbital B-Chemical -by O -enzyme O -immunoassay O -and O -gas O -- O -liquid O -chromatography O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -fatty B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -composition O -of O -major O -glycosphingolipids O -( O -cerebrosides O -and O -sulfatides O -) O -in O -human O -cerebral O -white O -matter O -measured O -by O -a O -simple O -micromethod O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -obtained O -from O -the O -white O -matter O -of O -13 O -normal O -adult O -brains O -are O -distributed O -within O -a O -narrow O -range O -which O -is O -most O -pronounced O -for O -the O -group O -of O -long O -chain O -fatty B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Histamine B-Chemical -release O -by O -exocytosis O -from O -rat O -mast O -cells O -on O -reduction O -of O -extracellular O -sodium B-Chemical -: O -a O -secretory O -response O -inhibited O -by O -calcium B-Chemical -, O -strontium O -, O -barium B-Chemical -or O -magnesium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -chelating O -agents O -, O -EDTA O -and O -EGTA O -, O -abolished O -the O -response O -to O -sodium B-Chemical -lack O -and O -their O -inhibitory O -effects O -were O -reversed O -by O -re O -- O -incubating O -cells O -with O -calcium B-Chemical -but O -not O -magnesium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -response O -was O -inversely O -related O -to O -the O -concentrations O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -and O -calcium B-Chemical -below O -137 O -- O -5 O -and O -0 O -- O -5 O -mM O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -No O -secretory O -response O -was O -seen O -when O -the O -cells O -were O -exposed O -for O -10 O -min O -to O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -free I-Chemical -medium O -in O -which O -lithium B-Chemical -replaced O -sodium B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -suggested O -that O -sodium B-Chemical -lack O -may O -mobilize O -calcium B-Chemical -from O -a O -cellular O -site O -possibly O -the O -inner O -aspect O -of O -the O -plasma O -membrane O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -( O -LPS O -) O -on O -anti O -- O -trinitrophenyl O -( O -TNP O -) O -direct O -plaque O -- O -forming O -cells O -( O -PFC O -) O -in O -the O -spleen O -of O -mice O -and O -the O -affinity O -of O -antibodies O -produced O -by O -these O -PFC O -were O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -Hypothalamic O -neurons O -secreting O -vasopressin B-Chemical -and O -neurophysin O -. O - -aps B-category -Further O -analysis O -of O -the O -endogenous O -products O -by O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -sedimentation O -suggested O -the O -presence O -of O -high O -molecular O -weight O -RNA O -: O -DNA O -hybrids O -generally O -felt O -to O -be O -indicative O -of O -a O -faithful O -copy O -of O -a O -lengthy O -stretch O -of O -viral O -specific O -RNA O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -molecular O -embrace O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -with O -helical O -DNA O -. O - -aps B-category -Bromocriptine B-Chemical -and O -levodopa B-Chemical -( O -with O -or O -without O -carbidopa B-Chemical -) O -in O -parkinsonism O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -a O -double O -- O -blind O -randomised O -cross O -- O -over O -study O -lasting O -6 O -months O -, O -the O -addition O -of O -bromocriptine B-Chemical -( O -mean O -daily O -dose O -79 O -mg O -) O -led O -to O -a O -significant O -( O -P O -less O -than O -0 O -. O -01 O -) O -74 O -% O -reduction O -in O -the O -dose O -of O -sinemet O -and O -levodopa B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Adverse O -reactions O -were O -similar O -to O -those O -observed O -with O -sinemet O -and O -levodopa B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -All O -cases O -were O -investigated O -by O -barium B-Chemical -meal O -, O -endoscopy O -, O -and O -oral O -cholecystography O -. O - -aps B-category -Intravenous O -injection O -of O -the O -divalent O -X O -- O -ray O -contrast B-Chemical -medium I-Chemical -ioglycamic O -acid O -( O -" O -Biligram O -" O -) O -induced O -intravascular O -precipitation O -and O -sudden O -death O -of O -a O -patient O -owing O -to O -reaction O -with O -his O -monoclonal O -macroglobulin O -. O - -aps B-category -Editorial O -: O -Methyldopa B-Chemical -hepatitis O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -reports O -on O -430 O -children O -with O -acute O -codeine B-Chemical -intoxication O -are O -evaluated O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Neutropenia O -and O -iron B-Chemical -therapy O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Effect O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -C I-Chemical -on O -cold O -- O -induced O -vasodilatation O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oxidation O -of O -O O -- O -specific O -lipopolysaccharide B-Chemical -by O -sodium B-Chemical -periodate O -and O -its O -reduction O -by O -sodium B-Chemical -borohydride O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Preliminary O -treatment O -with O -CPC O -inhibits O -acid O -radicals O -of O -the O -heparin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -It O -can O -not O -be O -excluded O -as O -well O -, O -that O -CPC O -linked O -to O -the O -heparin B-Chemical -with O -free O -positive O -radicals O -reveals O -acidic O -- O -dye O -- O -binding O -capacity O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -average O -food O -amount O -of O -1230 O -g O -per O -day O -contained O -42 O -mug O -of O -DDT O -, O -12 O -mug O -of O -DDE O -, O -8 O -mug O -of O -DDD O -, O -and O -64 O -mug O -of O -total O -DDT O -and O -7 O -mug O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Using O -the O -previously O -described O -test O -method O -, O -the O -authors O -studied O -with O -the O -aid O -of O -iodine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -131 I-Chemical -labelled O -NaI O -the O -effects O -of O -daily O -doses O -of O -30 O -and O -75 O -mg O -DDT O -/ O -kg O -of O -body O -weight O -, O -and O -of O -12 O -and O -36 O -mg O -of O -lindane B-Chemical -/ O -kg O -of O -body O -weight O -on O -the O -iodine B-Chemical -and O -hormone O -metabolism O -in O -the O -rat O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -values O -for O -serum O -iodine B-Chemical -and O -protein O -- O -bound O -iodine B-Chemical -were O -reduced O -. O - -aps B-category -Lindane B-Chemical -was O -considerably O -less O -effective O -. O - -aps B-category -As O -a O -part O -of O -a O -longitudinal O -study O -to O -determine O -the O -side O -effects O -of O -oral B-Chemical -contraceptive I-Chemical -drugs O -( O -OCs O -) O -, O -protein O -electrophoresis O -studies O -were O -carried O -out O -on O -sera O -obtained O -from O -4057 O -current O -users O -of O -OCs O -, O -9774 O -nonusers O -, O -and O -624 O -women O -in O -the O -first O -trimester O -of O -pregnancy O -. O - -aps B-category -Liver O -biopsies O -of O -sixty O -patients O -with O -different O -forms O -of O -hepatitis O -and O -ten O -control O -subjects O -without O -hepatic O -disorders O -were O -examined O -by O -means O -of O -direct O -immunofluorescent O -methods O -for O -the O -HBsAg B-Chemical -, O -immunoglobulins O -, O -fibrin O -and O -C3 O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -C3 O -is O -rarely O -observed O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -of O -the O -mosquito O -larvicide O -Temefos O -by O -the O -salt B-Chemical -marsh O -snail O -, O -New O -Jersey O -- O -- O -1973 O -- O -1974 O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -anti O -- O -renin O -globulins O -were O -coupled O -to O -cyanogen O -bromide B-Chemical -activated O -Sepharose O -. O - -aps B-category -Gel O -filtration O -chromatography O -or O -acrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulfate O -indicated O -that O -the O -initially O -synthesized O -peptide O -chain O -of O -[ O -14C O -] O -collagen O -had O -a O -molecular O -weight O -of O -about O -135 O -, O -000 O -; O -after O -pepsin O -digestion O -this O -was O -converted O -to O -115 O -, O -000 O -. O - -aps B-category -Antiacetylsalicylyl O -antibodies O -were O -produced O -in O -rabbits O -and O -guinea O -- O -pigs O -by O -innoculation O -of O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -incorporated O -in O -Freund O -adjuvant O -. O - -aps B-category -Acetylsalicylyl O -conjugates O -with O -human O -gammaglobulin O -, O -bovine O -gammaglobulin O -and O -rabbit O -gammaglobulin O -were O -also O -prepared O -by O -incubating O -the O -proteins O -with O -acetylsalicylic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -at O -alkaline O -pH O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha O -2 O -- O -macroglobulin O -and O -antithrombin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -heparin I-Chemical -cofactor O -: O -modulators O -of O -hemostatic O -and O -inflammatory O -reactions O -. O - -aps B-category -By O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -DH O -in O -women O -with O -genital O -prolapse O -and O -/ O -or O -incontinence O -persisted O -despite O -operative O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -has O -been O -demonstrated O -that O -malignant O -diseases O -of O -the O -gastrointestinal O -tract O -and O -lung O -in O -humans O -possess O -three O -characteristics O -invariably O -found O -in O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -tumor O -viruses O -: O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -directed O -deoxyribonucleic O -acid O -polymerase O -, O -reverse O -transcriptase O -; O -a O -high O -molecular O -weight O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -with O -a O -sedimentation O -coefficient O -of O -70 O -Svedberg O -units O -, O -and O -particulate O -elements O -with O -densities O -of O -1 O -. O -16 O -to O -1 O -. O -18 O -grams O -per O -milliliter O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradient O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -vitro O -activities O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -, O -ampicillin B-Chemical -, O -dihydrostreptomycin O -, O -nafcillin B-Chemical -, O -cloxacillin O -and O -commercially O -available O -combinations O -of O -these O -antibiotics O -against O -a O -variety O -of O -Gram O -- O -positive O -mastitis O -- O -causing O -micro O -- O -organisms O -were O -examined O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -combination O -with O -di O -- O -hydrostreptomycin O -, O -which O -in O -itself O -showed O -hardly O -any O -activiy O -, O -the O -activity O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -against O -streptococci O -was O -enhanced O -considerably O -. O - -aps B-category -Nafcillin B-Chemical -was O -found O -to O -be O -much O -more O -active O -against O -streptococci O -than O -cloxacillin O -. O - -aps B-category -Against O -Streptococcus O -agalactiae O -and O -the O -most O -penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -staphylococci O -, O -nafcillin B-Chemical -contributed O -clearly O -to O -the O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -Against O -penicillin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -staphylococci O -, O -the O -activity O -of O -the O -combination O -was O -mainly O -due O -to O -the O -activity O -of O -cloxacillin O -. O - -aps B-category -Four O -( O -6 O -. O -6 O -per O -cent O -) O -were O -resistant O -to O -isoniazid B-Chemical -, O -2 O -( O -3 O -. O -3 O -per O -cent O -) O -to O -PAS O -( O -1 O -also O -to O -thiacetazone O -) O -, O -and O -1 O -( O -1 O -. O -6 O -per O -cent O -) O -to O -streptomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -In O -comparison O -to O -cold O -ethanol B-Chemical -methods O -, O -it O -is O -considerably O -less O -expensive O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -The O -effect O -of O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -on O -experimental O -allergic O -arthritis O -in O -rabbits O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -After O -40 O -days O -of O -treatment O -with O -D B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -penicillamine I-Chemical -( O -intravenous O -) O -the O -arthritis O -had O -receded O -to O -a O -large O -extent O -. O - -aps B-category -Intestinal O -absorption O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -in O -scleroderma O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oral O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -loading O -test O -was O -performed O -in O -31 O -cases O -of O -systemic O -scleroderma O -( O -progressive O -systemic O -sclerosis O -, O -PSS O -) O -and O -3 O -cases O -of O -localized O -scleroderma O -. O - -aps B-category -Furthermore O -, O -in O -vitro O -binding O -of O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -by O -plasma O -proteins O -in O -PSS O -and O -in O -other O -skin O -diseases O -as O -controls O -was O -studied O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -other O -hand O -, O -in O -14 O -cases O -of O -severe O -, O -rapidly O -progressing O -PSS O -and O -in O -2 O -of O -3 O -cases O -of O -widespread O -linear O -scleroderma O -, O -serum O -levels O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -were O -markedly O -depressed O -after O -loading O -, O -while O -urinary O -excretion O -of O -IAA O -and O -IS O -was O -normal O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -slight O -rise O -in O -serum O -tryptophan B-Chemical -after O -loading O -in O -some O -cases O -of O -PSS O -may O -be O -a O -result O -of O -increased O -binding O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -by O -albumin O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -its O -present O -form O -the O -application O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -FU I-Chemical -cream O -is O -difficult O -to O -confine O -solely O -to O -the O -condylomata O -itself O -. O - -aps B-category -Metronidazole B-Chemical -and O -acne O -. O - -aps B-category -Comparison O -of O -desoximetasone O -and O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -butyrate O -in O -psoriasis O -. O - -aps B-category -Thirteen O -out O -of O -27 O -patients O -preferred O -desoximetasone O -, O -3 O -patients O -preferred O -hydrocortisone B-Chemical -butyrate O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -pyoderma O -disappeared O -following O -treatment O -with O -systemic O -steroid B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Detection O -of O -malignant O -tumors O -of O -the O -ORL O -region O -by O -means O -of O -technetium O -- O -labeled O -bleomycin B-Chemical -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Isolation O -of O -sensitized O -rat O -mast O -cells O -by O -density O -gradient O -centrifugation O -in O -Ficoll O -decreases O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -obtained O -when O -they O -are O -subsequently O -exposed O -to O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -the O -pure O -phospholipids O -studies O -( O -LPC O -, O -PC O -, O -PE O -, O -PI O -, O -PS O -and O -SM O -) O -only O -phosphatidylserine B-Chemical -and O -lysophosphatidylcholine O -were O -found O -to O -potentiate O -the O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Determination O -of O -hexachlorocyclohexane O -by O -direct O -titration O -with O -sodium B-Chemical -ethoxide O -in O -anhydrous O -medium O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Three O -clinico O -- O -pathological O -forms O -of O -adverse O -reactions O -received O -particular O -attention O -: O -( O -1 O -) O -Asthma O -, O -with O -or O -without O -manifestations O -of O -systemic O -anaphylaxis O -; O -( O -2 O -) O -Serum O -- O -sickness O -- O -like O -syndrome O -; O -( O -3 O -) O -Lymph O -node O -enlargement O -with O -histological O -features O -simulating O -lymphoma O -or O -Hodgkin O -' O -s O -disease O -, O -which O -occurred O -in O -patients O -receiving O -phenylbutazone B-Chemical -in O -particular O -. O - -aps B-category -Letter O -: O -Liver O -carcinoma O -and O -pyridoxine B-Chemical -deficiency O -. O - -aps B-category -Methenamine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -silver I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -stained I-Chemical -corneal O -scrapings O -in O -keratomycosis O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -depostion O -of O -this O -waste O -pigment O -is O -not O -reversible O -and O -is O -related O -to O -prolonged O -depletion O -of O -vitamin B-Chemical -E I-Chemical -. O -Progressive O -dilatation O -and O -hypomotility O -of O -the O -entire O -gastrointestinal O -tract O -are O -demonstrated O -by O -radiographic O -studies O -and O -possibly O -related O -to O -infiltrate O -of O -ceroid O -pigment O -in O -the O -smooth O -muscle O -cell O -with O -resulting O -functional O -impairment O -. O - -aps B-category -Fluorometric O -- O -colorimetric O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -analysis O -of O -actinomycins O -using O -fluorescamine O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -results O -in O -solid O -tumors O -are O -not O -encouraging O -, O -but O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -azacytidine I-Chemical -shows O -consistent O -antitumor O -activity O -in O -patients O -with O -acute O -myelogenous O -leukemia O -resistant O -to O -previous O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -additions O -to O -the O -morphological O -changes O -of O -lymphoblastic O -transformation O -, O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -thymidine I-Chemical -incorporation O -was O -stimulated O -about O -21 O -to O -67 O -fold O -in O -homologous O -system O -and O -about O -6 O -to O -39 O -in O -heterologous O -systems O -and O -unrelated O -with O -other O -virus O -system O -like O -influenza O -. O - -aps B-category -Staining O -of O -minerals O -and O -solubility O -of O -iron B-Chemical -in O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -contrasted O -with O -idiopathic O -hemochromatosis O -and O -idiopathic O -pulmonary O -hemosiderosis O -in O -which O -the O -iron B-Chemical -containing O -organs O -had O -to O -be O -exposed O -to O -40 O -percent O -hydrochloric O -acid O -for O -two O -hours O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -less O -soluble O -iron B-Chemical -was O -golden O -yellow O -in O -unstained O -tissues O -. O - -aps B-category -Lead O -and O -copper B-Chemical -were O -capable O -of O -deposition O -in O -some O -tissues O -in O -vitro O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -iron B-Chemical -and O -/ O -or O -calcium B-Chemical -but O -not O -when O -these O -minerals O -were O -removed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -activity O -of O -capreomycin O -in O -vitro O -with O -respect O -to O -streptomycin B-Chemical -resistant O -strains O -was O -the O -same O -as O -that O -with O -respect O -to O -the O -sensitive O -strains O -, O -while O -in O -vivo O -it O -increased O -3 O -times O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -possibly O -taxonomic O -use O -of O -the O -colour O -reaction O -with O -Diazonium O -Blue O -B O -salt B-Chemical -as O -an O -affinitive O -characteristic O -is O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -Guinea O -pigs O -were O -sensitized O -to O -neomycin O -( O -A O -, O -B O -, O -or O -C O -) O -, O -paromomycin O -, O -gentamicin B-Chemical -, O -kanamycin B-Chemical -, O -streptomycin B-Chemical -, O -and O -dihydrostreptomycin O -via O -intradermal O -or O -foot O -- O -pad O -injection O -with O -an O -adjuvant O -containing O -killed O -Mycobacterium O -butyricum O -or O -M O -tuberculosis O -H37Ra O -( O -Ra O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Streptomycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitized I-Chemical -guinea O -pigs O -seldom O -showed O -a O -meaningful O -cross O -- O -sensitization O -to O -dihydrostreptomycin O -or O -the O -other O -antibiotics O -( O -except O -neomycin O -C O -) O -; O -however O -, O -guinea O -pigs O -sensitized O -to O -dihydrostreptomycin O -or O -the O -other O -antibiotics O -often O -showed O -strong O -cross O -- O -sensitization O -to O -streptomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Chlorpromazine O -- O -induced O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -from O -guinea O -- O -pig O -skin O -in O -vitro O -- O -- O -a O -photosensitive O -reaction O -. O - -aps B-category -Evidence O -of O -the O -presence O -of O -a O -virus O -or O -a O -viral O -genome O -was O -looked O -for O -by O -several O -methods O -of O -induction O -followed O -by O -3H B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -uridine I-Chemical -labelling O -of O -the O -cultures O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -rodent O -antiwrithing O -analgesic O -tests O -, O -butorphanol O -was O -4 O -to O -30 O -times O -more O -potent O -than O -morphine B-Chemical -and O -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pentazocine I-Chemical -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -On O -the O -basis O -of O -the O -naloxone B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -mouse O -jumping O -test O -and O -the O -lack O -of O -substitution O -in O -withdrawn O -morphine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -dependent I-Chemical -mice O -, O -it O -is O -estimated O -that O -the O -potential O -for O -physical O -dependence O -of O -butorphanol O -will O -be O -less O -than O -that O -of O -dl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -pentazocine I-Chemical -but O -greater O -than O -that O -of O -nalorphine O -and O -dl O -- O -cyclazocine O -. O - -aps B-category -Thus O -, O -butorphanol O -differed O -from O -morphine B-Chemical -which O -exhibited O -agonist O -effects O -in O -a O -dose O -- O -related O -manner O -. O - -aps B-category -Of O -147 O -microorganisms O -isolated O -from O -a O -loamy O -sand O -, O -71 O -showed O -good O -growth O -with O -lindane B-Chemical -( O -gamma O -- O -1 O -, O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -4 O -, O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -hexachlorocyclohexane O -) O -and O -produced O -chloride B-Chemical -in O -an O -aqueous O -medium O -. O - -aps B-category -Lindane B-Chemical -was O -metabolized O -by O -the O -microbes O -to O -gamma O -- O -2 O -, O -3 O -, O -4 O -, O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -pentachloro O -- O -1 O -- O -cyclohexene O -( O -gamma O -- O -PCCH O -) O -, O -alpha O -- O -3 O -, O -4 O -, O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -tetrachloro O -- O -1 O -- O -cyclohexene O -( O -alpha O -- O -TCCH O -) O -, O -beta3 O -, O -4 O -, O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -tetrachloro O -- O -1 O -- O -cyclohexene O -( O -beta O -- O -TCCH O -) O -, O -gamma O -- O -3 O -, O -4 O -, O -5 O -, O -6 O -- O -tetrachloro O -- O -1 O -- O -cyclohexene O -( O -gamma O -- O -TCCH O -) O -, O -and O -pentachlorobenzene O -( O -PCB O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -bacteria O -degraded O -each O -of O -these O -chemicals O -at O -least O -partially O -as O -indicated O -by O -an O -increased O -rate O -of O -oxygen B-Chemical -consumption O -. O - -aps B-category -Among O -the O -increasing O -number O -of O -recent O -reports O -of O -the O -use O -of O -beta B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -adrenergic I-Chemical -blocking I-Chemical -drugs I-Chemical -for O -a O -variety O -of O -psychiatric O -disorders O -is O -a O -series O -concluding O -that O -propranolol B-Chemical -hydrochloride O -is O -efficacious O -in O -the O -treatment O -of O -opiate O -dependence O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -did O -not O -effectively O -block O -heroin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -induced I-Chemical -euphoria O -in O -dependent O -or O -nondependent O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -merits O -of O -formaldehyde O -, O -formaldehyde O -- O -glutaraldehyde O -combinations O -, O -and O -glutaraldehyde O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffers O -have O -been O -compared O -as O -fixatives O -that O -will O -give O -easy O -and O -satisfactory O -preservation O -of O -tissues O -for O -routine O -automated O -histologic O -processing O -and O -yet O -keep O -them O -suitable O -for O -electron O -microscopical O -studies O -after O -prolonged O -storage O -at O -room O -temperature O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -clinicopathologic O -study O -of O -eight O -human O -eyes O -containing O -intraocular O -copper B-Chemical -foreign O -bodies O -was O -undertaken O -. O - -aps B-category -Eyes O -with O -alloy O -containing O -less O -than O -85 O -% O -copper B-Chemical -showed O -more O -localized O -deposits O -of O -copper B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -the O -adrenal O -glucocorticoids O -on O -the O -stimulation O -of O -synthesis O -of O -hepatic O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -and O -plasma O -acute O -- O -phase O -globulins O -by O -leucocytic O -endogenous O -mediator O -. O - -aps B-category -Futher O -, O -leucocyte O -factor O -will O -stimulate O -an O -increase O -rate O -of O -incorporation O -of O -orotate O -into O -hepatic O -ribosomes O -when O -added O -in O -vitro O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -cortisol B-Chemical -to O -a O -liver O -- O -perfusion O -system O -. O - -aps B-category -Cyclic O -AMP O -independent O -inhibition O -by O -papaverine B-Chemical -of O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -induced O -by O -compound O -48 O -/ O -80 O -. O - -aps B-category -Prospects O -for O -biologic O -and O -pharmacologic O -inhibition O -of O -ribonucleic B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -tumor O -viruses O -. O - -aps B-category -Attempts O -to O -perform O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -sequencing O -on O -the O -plasma O -protein O -were O -unsuccessful O -. O - -aps B-category -Estimation O -of O -human O -chorionic O -gonadotropin O -( O -HCG O -) O -, O -human O -placental O -lactogen O -( O -HPL O -) O -, O -progesterone B-Chemical -, O -oestradiol O -and O -alpha O -- O -fetoprotein O -( O -AFP O -) O -in O -serum O -were O -made O -by O -radioimmunoassays O -. O - -aps B-category -Due O -to O -individual O -and O -diurnal O -variation O -, O -however O -, O -abortion O -in O -the O -third O -and O -fourth O -month O -could O -not O -be O -definitely O -assumed O -at O -values O -above O -5 O -IU O -HCG O -/ O -ml O -, O -5 O -ng O -progesterone B-Chemical -/ O -ml O -or O -200 O -pg O -oestradiol O -/ O -ml O -. O - -aps B-category -We O -describe O -the O -preparation O -and O -purification O -of O -a O -derivative O -of O -gramicidin O -C O -in O -which O -the O -phenolic O -hydroxyl B-Chemical -of O -the O -tyrosine B-Chemical -at O -position O -11 O -has O -been O -esterified O -to O -8 O -- O -dimethylaminonaphthalene O -- O -1 O -- O -sulfonate O -( O -dansyl O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Substances O -inhibiting O -transcription O -have O -been O -isolated O -by O -ammonium B-Chemical -sulfate O -precipitation O -from O -one O -of O -the O -fractions O -produced O -during O -the O -polymerase O -purification O -. O - -aps B-category -At O -4 O -degrees O -C O -, O -switching O -can O -be O -calculated O -to O -occur O -in O -less O -than O -three O -nucleotide B-Chemical -addition O -steps O -. O - -aps B-category -Observations O -on O -the O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -inhibition O -of O -DNA O -polymerases O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -requirement O -for O -a O -phosphate B-Chemical -as O -well O -as O -aldehyde B-Chemical -moiety O -of O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -for O -inhibition O -to O -occur O -is O -clearly O -shown O -by O -the O -fact O -that O -neither O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -nor O -pyridoxamine O -phosphate B-Chemical -are O -effective O -inhibitors O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -binding O -of O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -5 O -' O -- B-Chemical -phosphate I-Chemical -to O -enzyme O -appears O -to O -be O -mediated O -through O -classical O -Schiff O -base O -formation O -between O -the O -pyridoxal B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -and O -the O -free O -amino B-Chemical -group O -( O -s O -) O -present O -at O -the O -active O -site O -of O -the O -polymerase O -protein O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -isotherms O -of O -the O -binding O -of O -[ O -125I O -] O -diiodo O -- O -alpha O -- O -bungarotoxin O -over O -the O -range O -of O -10 O -( O -- O -10 O -) O -- O -10 O -( O -- O -5 O -) O -M O -toxin O -have O -been O -separated O -into O -a O -" O -nonspecific O -" O -component O -exclusive O -to O -the O -toxin O -and O -a O -" O -specific O -" O -component O -that O -binds O -both O -the O -toxin O -and O -d B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tubocurarine I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -[ O -3H O -] O -dihydrostreptomycin O -binding O -to O -ribosomes O -could O -not O -exchanged O -with O -streptomycin B-Chemical -or O -dihydrostreptomycin O -, O -but O -not O -with O -unrelated O -antibiotics O -, O -namely O -, O -kanamycin B-Chemical -, O -neomycin O -, O -spectinomycin O -, O -capreomycin O -, O -tuberactinomycin O -- O -N O -, O -chloramphenicol B-Chemical -and O -erythromycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Osmium O -tetroxide O -and O -cholesterol B-Chemical -, O -codeposited O -at O -- O -100 O -degrees O -C O -, O -began O -to O -react O -at O -- O -70 O -degrees O -C O -, O -and O -Os O -( O -VI O -) O -was O -formed O -. O - -aps B-category -However O -, O -osmium O -tetroxide O -applied O -in O -phosphate B-Chemical -buffer O -( O -pH O -7 O -. O -2 O -) O -gave O -rise O -to O -large O -proportions O -of O -Os O -( O -IV O -) O -and O -Os O -( O -III O -) O -species O -in O -addition O -to O -Os O -( O -VI O -) O -compounds O -. O - -aps B-category -Os O -( O -VI O -) O -and O -Os O -( O -IV O -) O -could O -be O -present O -as O -osmate O -esters O -and O -osmium O -dioxide O -, O -respectively O -; O -Os O -( O -III O -) O -could O -be O -present O -as O -an O -oxo O -- O -or O -amino B-Chemical -complex O -( O -es O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -Galactosyltransferase O -which O -catalyzes O -the O -transfer O -from O -UDP B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -galactose I-Chemical -to O -either O -endogeneous O -glycoproteins O -, O -free O -N O -- O -acetylglucosamine O -or O -N O -- O -acetylglucosaminyl O -residues O -in O -the O -carbohydrate O -portion O -of O -glycoproteins O -, O -or O -to O -glucose B-Chemical -when O -alpha O -- O -lactalbumin O -is O -added O -, O -occurs O -in O -human O -milk O -fat O -globule O -membranes O -. O - -aps B-category -Proteins O -were O -extracted O -from O -cornified O -cells O -of O -newborn O -rats O -and O -human O -palm O -with O -8 O -M O -urea B-Chemical -containing O -0 O -. O -1 O -M O -beta O -- O -mercaptoethanol O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -fresh O -serum O -this O -oxidation O -step O -may O -be O -performed O -by O -ceruloplasmin O -or O -molecular O -oxygen B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Preincubation O -with O -alanine B-Chemical -for O -1 O -h O -also O -diminishes O -aminoisobutyrate O -uptake O -when O -the O -alanine B-Chemical -is O -removed O -. O - -aps B-category -Transport O -of O -aminoisobutyrate O -rapidly O -declines O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -cycloheximide B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -two O -isozymes O -of O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -( O -Acetyl O -- O -CoA O -: O -choline B-Chemical -O O -- O -acetyltransferase O -, O -EC O -2 O -. O -3 O -. O -1 O -. O -6 O -) O -from O -head O -ganglia O -of O -Loligo O -pealei O -have O -been O -examined O -by O -polyacrylamide O -gel O -electrophoresis O -, O -gel O -chromatography O -, O -and O -equilibrium O -sedimentation O -in O -the O -ultracentrifuge O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -staining O -method O -was O -developed O -to O -visualize O -choline B-Chemical -acetyltransferase O -activity O -in O -acrylamide O -gels O -. O - -aps B-category -RNA O -extracted O -from O -each O -kind O -is O -analysed O -on O -sucrose B-Chemical -gradients O -: O -one O -half O -of O -each O -fraction O -is O -precipitated O -by O -TCA O -to O -estimate O -total O -radioactivity O -, O -the O -other O -is O -retained O -on O -millipore O -at O -high O -salt B-Chemical -concentration O -to O -estimate O -radioactivity O -in O -messenger O -- O -like O -RNAs O -due O -to O -their O -poly O -- O -A O -sequences O -. O - -aps B-category -Alpha O -- O -foetoprotein O -and O -oestrogen B-Chemical -metabolism O -. O - -aps B-category -Rat O -alpha O -- O -foetoprotein O -( O -AFP O -) O -was O -shown O -to O -inhibit O -the O -formation O -of O -water O -soluble O -metabolities O -of O -oestrone O -and O -oestradiol O -by O -incubation O -with O -microsomes O -from O -rat O -liver O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -NADPH B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -HBsAg B-Chemical -was O -found O -in O -61 O -. O -2 O -% O -of O -165 O -cases O -of O -PLC O -, O -as O -compared O -to O -11 O -. O -7 O -% O -of O -154 O -OCC O -and O -11 O -. O -3 O -% O -of O -328 O -NCC O -. O - -aps B-category -Mesangial O -cell O -dysfunction O -detected O -by O -accumulation O -of O -aggregated O -protein O -in O -rats O -with O -streptozotocin B-Chemical -induced O -diabetes O -. O - -aps B-category -Similar O -impairment O -was O -produced O -by O -high O -dose O -cortisone O -and O -growth O -hormone O -, O -whereas O -oestrogen B-Chemical -had O -a O -stimulant O -effect O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -supposed O -that O -along O -with O -the O -beta O -- O -adrenoreceptor O -block O -the O -antiarrhythmic O -effect O -of O -alpheprol O -was O -also O -caused O -by O -quinidine B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -like I-Chemical -action O -of O -the O -preparation O -. O - -aps B-category -If O -[ O -3H O -] O -uridine B-Chemical -is O -injected O -into O -the O -eyes O -of O -goldfish O -during O -optic O -nerve O -regeneration O -, O -then O -the O -return O -of O -fibers O -to O -the O -optic O -tectum O -is O -accompanied O -by O -the O -appearance O -of O -[ O -3H O -] O -RNA O -in O -the O -tectum O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -order O -to O -characterize O -the O -radioactive O -tectal O -RNA O -in O -these O -experiments O -, O -we O -have O -crushed O -the O -optic O -nerves O -of O -15 O -fish O -, O -and O -18 O -days O -later O -injected O -[ O -3H O -] O -uridine B-Chemical -into O -both O -eyes O -. O - -aps B-category -Effects O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -on O -human O -tongue O -carcinoma O -cells O -as O -revealed O -by O -electron O -microscopy O -. O - -aps B-category -Subsequently O -, O -numerous O -nuclear O -bodies O -appeared O -in O -the O -nucleoplasm O -, O -which O -were O -observed O -for O -the O -first O -time O -in O -human O -tongue O -carcinoma O -cell O -nuclei O -in O -cases O -of O -bleomycin B-Chemical -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -synthesis O -of O -the O -male O -rat O -hepatic O -protein O -alpha2U O -- O -globulin O -has O -been O -examined O -in O -Morris O -hepatoma O -5123D O -and O -male O -host O -liver O -using O -pulse O -incorporation O -of O -labeled O -amino B-Chemical -acids I-Chemical -in O -vivo O -, O -followed O -by O -immunoprecipitation O -of O -the O -newly O -synthesized O -alpha2U O -- O -globulin O -from O -the O -soluble O -protein O -fraction O -of O -liver O -and O -hepatoma O -tissue O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -sequential O -tumor O -biopsies O -from O -a O -melanoma O -patient O -on O -methotrexate B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -citrovorum I-Chemical -factor O -rescue O -therapy O -showed O -no O -changes O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -contrast B-Chemical -, O -no O -recovery O -similar O -to O -that O -of O -the O -bone O -marrow O -was O -seen O -in O -tumor O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -Single O -- O -strand O -scission O -and O -repair O -of O -DNA O -in O -mammalian O -cells O -by O -bleomycin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -production O -and O -repair O -of O -DNA O -single O -- O -strand O -breaks O -after O -bleomycin B-Chemical -treatment O -were O -the O -same O -in O -normal O -human O -and O -xeroderma O -pigmentosum O -fibroblasts O -, O -indicating O -that O -these O -events O -do O -not O -require O -the O -excision O -endonuclease O -that O -appears O -to O -be O -defective O -in O -these O -ultraviolet O -light O -- O -sensitive O -xeroderma O -cells O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -susceptibility O -of O -cultured O -L1210 O -cells O -to O -bleomycin B-Chemical -was O -investigated O -as O -a O -function O -of O -pH O -of O -the O -medium O -, O -and O -was O -compared O -with O -DNA O -damage O -measured O -by O -alkaline O -elution O -. O - -aps B-category -Clinical O -trials O -with O -BCNU B-Chemical -( O -NSC O -- O -409962 O -) O -in O -malignant O -lymphomas O -by O -the O -Eastern O -Cooperative O -Oncology O -Group O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -intracellular O -localization O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -by O -means O -of O -cytochemical O -techniques O -was O -studied O -in O -smooth O -muscle O -cells O -of O -mouse O -intestine O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -active O -ATP O -- O -dependent O -accumulation O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -into O -cell O -structures O -was O -investigated O -by O -the O -oxalate O -method O -( O -Heumann O -and O -Zebe O -, O -1967 O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -results O -are O -discussed O -in O -relation O -to O -the O -role O -of O -calcium B-Chemical -in O -the O -control O -of O -muscle O -activity O -during O -the O -contraction O -- O -relaxation O -cycle O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Effect O -of O -two O -insecticides O -, O -lindane B-Chemical -and O -DDVP O -( O -dichlorvos O -) O -on O -mouse O -adrenal O -glands O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -significant O -weight O -increase O -of O -the O -glands O -is O -observed O -while O -Norepinephrine B-Chemical -and O -Epinephrine B-Chemical -content O -is O -depleted O -after O -Dichlorvos O -intoxication O -. O - -aps B-category -Before O -the O -drug O -culture O -barbiturate B-Chemical -/ O -amphetamine B-Chemical -abuse O -in O -American O -society O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -metaphase O -chromosomes O -were O -stained O -with O -silver B-Chemical -following O -a O -pretreatment O -with O -a O -heated O -alkaline O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -evidence O -indicates O -that O -the O -negative O -silver B-Chemical -binding O -is O -due O -to O -the O -preferential O -removal O -or O -alteration O -of O -non O -- O -histone O -proteins O -associated O -with O -these O -regions O -. O - -aps B-category -Convulsive O -activity O -was O -induced O -in O -functionally O -decapitate O -cat O -preparations O -by O -topical O -and O -by O -systemic O -administration O -of O -toxic O -amounts O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Paroxysmal O -activity O -in O -ventral O -roots O -induced O -by O -penicillin B-Chemical -in O -decapitate O -cat O -spinal O -cords O -is O -associated O -with O -waves O -of O -depolarization O -of O -primary O -afferent O -fiber O -terminals O -. O - -aps B-category -While O -blocking O -afferent O -- O -evoked O -DRPs O -, O -picrotoxin B-Chemical -does O -not O -interfere O -with O -paroxysmal O -DRP O -' O -S O -, O -INDICATING O -DIFFERENCES O -IN O -THE O -GENERATION O -OF O -THE O -Two O -phenomena O -, O -which O -nevertheless O -have O -some O -link O -in O -common O -, O -for O -the O -paroxysmal O -waves O -occlude O -the O -evoked O -DRP O -. O - -aps B-category -Extracellular O -potassium B-Chemical -activity O -within O -spinal O -gray O -matter O -transiently O -increases O -during O -seizure O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -and O -several O -other O -observations O -suggest O -that O -in O -decapitate O -spinal O -cords O -systemically O -administered O -penicillin B-Chemical -induces O -seizures O -which O -originate O -in O -the O -ventral O -gray O -matter O -. O - -aps B-category -Excess O -potassium B-Chemical -while O -not O -playing O -a O -principal O -role O -in O -initiating O -seizures O -, O -may O -influence O -the O -course O -of O -seizures O -by O -depolarizing O -afferent O -terminals O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -cerebral O -oxygen B-Chemical -uptake O -( O -CMRO2 O -) O -was O -calculated O -from O -the O -arteriovenous O -oxygen B-Chemical -difference O -between O -samples O -from O -the O -internal O -carotid O -artery O -and O -the O -jugular O -bulb O -respectively O -, O -and O -from O -measurement O -of O -cerebral O -blood O -flow O -with O -the O -133Xenon O -clearance O -method O -. O - -aps B-category -Visual O -evoked O -potential O -( O -VEPs O -) O -and O -visual O -excitability O -cycles O -( O -VECs O -) O -were O -studied O -during O -compression O -in O -an O -oxygen B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -helium I-Chemical -breathing O -mixture O -, O -up O -to O -a O -pressure O -of O -62 O -ATA O -, O -equivalent O -to O -a O -depth O -of O -610 O -m O -in O -sea O -water O -( O -Physalie O -VI O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -effect O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -on O -normal O -physiologic O -tremor O -. O - -aps B-category -It O -is O -possible O -that O -the O -effect O -on O -tremor O -is O -due O -to O -the O -formation O -of O -a O -highly O -specific O -centrally O -acting O -metabolite O -of O -propranolol B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -acute O -pharmacological O -effects O -of O -melatonin B-Chemical -( O -5 O -- O -methoxy O -- O -N O -- O -acetyl O -- O -tryptamine O -) O -were O -evaluated O -on O -behaviour O -and O -electrographic O -signs O -in O -the O -photosensitive O -baboon O -( O -Papio O -papio O -) O -, O -including O -visually O -evoked O -potentials O -VEPs O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -These O -effects O -lasted O -for O -2 O -- O -4 O -h O -. O -The O -participation O -of O -serotoninergic O -mechanisms O -involved O -in O -melatonin B-Chemical -effect O -and O -in O -this O -model O -of O -experimental O -epilepsy O -are O -discussed O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -administration O -of O -a O -convulsant O -dose O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -enhanced O -the O -transmission O -of O -monosynaptic O -reflexes O -in O -spinal O -cords O -in O -which O -reflex O -transmission O -was O -feeble O -before O -the O -drug O -treatment O -, O -but O -it O -had O -little O -effect O -in O -cords O -where O -monosynaptic O -reflexes O -were O -powerful O -to O -begin O -with O -. O - -aps B-category -Polysynaptic O -reflexes O -were O -invariably O -enhanced O -by O -convulsant O -amounts O -of O -penicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Recurrent O -inhibition O -was O -partially O -suppressed O -in O -spinal O -cords O -treated O -with O -penicillin B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -Ketamine B-Chemical -was O -administered O -to O -18 O -baboons O -( O -Papio O -papio O -) O -to O -disrupt O -epileptic O -discharges O -elicited O -through O -intracarotid O -air O -injection O -. O - -aps B-category -Human O -sleep O -and O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -On O -account O -of O -the O -conflicting O -data O -concerning O -the O -action O -of O -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HTP I-Chemical -on O -human O -sleep O -, O -repeated O -high O -doses O -were O -administered O -to O -three O -healthy O -subjects O -. O - -aps B-category -Diazepam B-Chemical -modification O -of O -evoked O -and O -spontaneous O -lateral O -geniculate O -activity O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -the O -majority O -of O -P O -cells O -tested O -both O -spontaneous O -and O -evoked O -activity O -were O -suppressed O -following O -diazepam B-Chemical -treatment O -with O -these O -effects O -being O -altered O -little O -by O -a O -pentylenetetrazol B-Chemical -( O -Metrazol O -) O -challenge O -. O - -aps B-category -I O -cell O -spontaneous O -activity O -was O -suppressed O -by O -diazepam B-Chemical -and O -augmented O -by O -the O -Metrazol O -challenge O -; O -however O -, O -post O -- O -stimulus O -activity O -was O -relatively O -unaffected O -by O -either O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -androgen B-Chemical -concentration O -within O -both O -types O -of O -glands O -was O -nearly O -4 O -- O -fold O -that O -in O -the O -blood O -but O -bore O -no O -direct O -relationship O -to O -the O -blood O -level O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -most O -striking O -finding O -was O -that O -, O -in O -spite O -of O -a O -25 O -. O -5 O -% O -less O -concentrated O -pool O -of O -apparent O -free O -testosterone B-Chemical -in O -the O -blood O -, O -the O -level O -of O -T O -and O -its O -metabolites O -in O -the O -cancer O -tissue O -was O -29 O -% O -above O -that O -in O -the O -samples O -of O -benign O -hypertrophic O -prostate O -. O - -aps B-category -Paromomycin O -binds O -specifically O -to O -a O -single O -type O -of O -binding O -site O -on O -the O -70 O -- O -S O -streptomycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sensitive I-Chemical -Escherichia O -coli O -ribosome O -. O - -aps B-category -Paromomycin O -binding O -, O -unlike O -dihydrostreptomycin O -binding O -, O -is O -independent O -of O -changes O -in O -ribosome O -concentration O -but O -influenced O -by O -magnesium B-Chemical -ion O -concentration O -. O - -aps B-category -This O -induction O -does O -not O -occur O -with O -streptomycin B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -resistant I-Chemical -ribosomes O -. O - -aps B-category -Neither O -gentamicin B-Chemical -nor O -kanamycin B-Chemical -derivatives O -, O -which O -induce O -a O -high O -level O -of O -misreading O -, O -nor O -kasugamycin O -and O -spectinomycin O -, O -which O -do O -not O -induce O -misreading O -, O -compete O -for O -paromomycin O -or O -dihydrostreptomycin O -binding O -sites O -. O - -aps B-category -Dipeptides O -L O -- O -phenylalanyl O -- O -proline O -, O -D O -- O -phenylalanyl O -- O -proline O -, O -prolyl O -- O -valine O -, O -valyl O -- O -lysine O -, O -lysyl B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -leucine I-Chemical -and O -leucyl O -- O -phenylalanine O -, O -derived O -from O -the O -sequence O -of O -gramicidin O -S O -, O -are O -substrates O -of O -the O -gramicidin O -S O -synthetase O -. O - -aps B-category -Time O -course O -of O -loss O -of O -dietary O -feedback O -control O -of O -cholesterol B-Chemical -synthesis O -during O -carcinogen O -treatment O -. O - -aps B-category -A O -suspension O -of O -granulocytes O -from O -calves O -sensitised O -to O -horse O -plasma O -released O -histamine B-Chemical -when O -exposed O -to O -the O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -5 B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -HT I-Chemical -is O -known O -to O -be O -released O -from O -bovine O -lungs O -in O -vitro O -, O -and O -may O -regulate O -the O -release O -of O -histamine B-Chemical -in O -vivo O -during O -anaphylaxis O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -complexes O -on O -transcription O -by O -human O -hypertrophied O -prostatic O -RNA O -polymerases O -. O - -aps B-category -5alpha O -- O -Dihydrotestoterone O -- O -receptor O -complexes O -were O -transferred O -into O -prostatic O -chromatin O -both O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -and O -tissue O -- O -specifically O -. O - -aps B-category -With O -a O -number O -of O -specimens O -, O -however O -, O -there O -was O -considerable O -variation O -in O -accessible O -cytoplasmic O -receptor O -sites O -, O -uptake O -of O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -complexes O -by O -chromatin O -preparations O -, O -the O -template O -activity O -of O -the O -chromatin O -and O -its O -response O -to O -steroid B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -receptor I-Chemical -stimulation O -. O - -aps B-category -Cellular O -localization O -of O -intestinal O -calcium B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -binding I-Chemical -protein O -in O -pig O -duodenum O -. O - -aps B-category -Our O -studies O -lend O -support O -to O -the O -hypothesis O -that O -CaBP O -may O -function O -in O -intracellular O -calcium B-Chemical -transport O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -titers O -of O -hepatitis B-Chemical -B I-Chemical -surface I-Chemical -antigen I-Chemical -( O -HBsAg B-Chemical -) O -were O -found O -to O -decrease O -by O -greater O -than O -50 O -% O -before O -death O -. O - -aps B-category -Influence O -of O -bovine O -TSH O -on O -plasma O -thyroxine B-Chemical -levels O -and O -thyroid O -function O -in O -brook O -trout O -, O -Salvelinus O -fontinalis O -( O -Mitchill O -) O -. O - -aps B-category -In O -this O -paper O -the O -reaction O -of O -tryptophan B-Chemical -2 O -, O -3 O -- O -dioxygenase O -is O -further O -analyzed O -. O - -aps B-category -Under O -these O -conditions O -an O -induction O -of O -the O -enzyme O -can O -already O -be O -registered O -in O -the O -presence O -of O -12 O -. O -5 O -mg O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -/ O -kg O -. O - -aps B-category -3 O -) O -Experiments O -with O -antibodies O -in O -animals O -treated O -with O -a O -low O -dosis O -of O -cortisone O -show O -that O -L B-Chemical -- I-Chemical -tryptophan I-Chemical -acts O -mainly O -via O -enzyme O -degradation O -or O -the O -saturation O -with O -the O -coenzyme O -hematin O -, O -respectively O -. O - -aps B-category -Immunochemical O -study O -of O -DNA O -modified O -by O -aminomethylol O -amino B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -derivatives O -. O - -aps B-category -Sensitized O -bovine O -granulocytes O -release O -histamine B-Chemical -when O -exposed O -to O -specific O -antigen O -. O - -aps B-category -Adrenaline B-Chemical -, O -which O -is O -generally O -considered O -to O -be O -a O -physiological O -antagonist O -of O -the O -anaphylactic O -reaction O -, O -potentiated O -histamine B-Chemical -release O -in O -this O -study O -. O - -aps B-category -[ O -Blood O -regeneration O -after O -blood O -substitution O -with O -dextran B-Chemical -60 O -or O -hydroxyethyl O -starch O -of O -an O -identical O -volume O -] O -. O - -aps B-category -Two O -clones O -, O -NB O -- O -2A O -and O -N O -- O -4 O -, O -could O -be O -induced O -by O -treatment O -with O -5 O -- O -iododeoxyuridine O -and O -dexamethasone B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -to O -produce O -B O -- O -tropic O -type O -- O -C O -virus O -, O -but O -clone O -N O -- O -18 O -failed O -to O -release O -either O -ecotropic O -or O -xenotropic O -virus O -under O -several O -different O -induction O -conditions O -. O - -aps B-category -Dissociation O -and O -denaturation O -behaviour O -of O -sesame O -alpha O -- O -globulin O -in O -sodium B-Chemical -dodecyl O -sulphate O -solution O -. O - -aps B-category -The O -difference O -spectrum O -of O -the O -protein O -indicates O -that O -both O -tryptophan B-Chemical -and O -tyrosine B-Chemical -groups O -have O -been O -affected O -by O -the O -detergent O -. O - -aps B-category -Uptake O -and O -scintiscanning O -of O -the O -prostate O -with O -131I O -- O -labeled O -estradiol B-Chemical -phosphate B-Chemical -. O - -aps B-category -The O -oral O -treatment O -of O -groups O -of O -aged O -BIO O -87 O -. O -20 O -male O -hamsters O -, O -an O -inbred O -line O -of O -Syrian O -hamsters O -that O -develops O -spontaneous O -cystic O -prostatic O -hypertrophy O -, O -with O -either O -the O -heptaene O -macrolide B-Chemical -, O -candicidin O -, O -or O -the O -bile B-Chemical -acid I-Chemical -- I-Chemical -sequestering I-Chemical -anion O -exchange O -resin O -, O -colestipol O -, O -resulted O -in O -a O -significant O -reduction O -of O -prostate O -size O -and O -weight O -. O